IM- PROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND BOBBINS FOR SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, &
Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND BOBBINS FOR SPINNING MACHINERY." A com-
munication from abroad by Jeremiah Essex, of North Bennington, Vermont,
United States of America. Manufacturer.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND BOBBINS FOR
SPINNING MACHINERY." A communication from abroad by Jeremiah Essex, of
North Bennington, Vermont, United States of America, Manufacturer.
.
The object I have in view is an improvement upon the spindles and bobbins now
in use, whereby the spindles are made lighter, diminishing the power required to
drive the same, while their speed may be increased; and the bobbins are of less
weight, vastly more durable in wear, more convenient in handling, capable of being
driven at a much higher speed than heretofore, and retain the yarn more securely
upon them, the whole effecting a great saving in spinning yarn.
The said Invention consists,―
First. In shortening the spindle so that it projects but a short distance above
the bolster to receive the end of the bobbin and drive the same by frictional
contact.
Secondly. In making this short spindle hollow.
Thirdly. In a metallic bushing inserted in the end of an ordinary wooden bobbin
to adapt it to be run by frictional contact with the spindle; the metallic bushing
may extend entirely throughout the bobbin.
Fourthly. In a peculiar reversible bobbin.
And, lastly. In perforating the bobbin to reduce the weight and give a better
hold for the yarn, all as more fully herein-after explained.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section of a
spinning frame with my short spindle mounted in position thereon, and showing
Paving B21

page_text: also an ordinary bobbin with the said novel bushing on the end of the spindle;
Figure 2 is an elevation of the said short spindle and one of my reversible bobbins ;
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the same parts showing the spindle made hollow ;
Figure 4 is a sectional view showing one of my reversible bobbins in position upon
a long taper spindle; and Figures 5 and 6 are views of the aforesaid perforated
bobbins.
With reference to Figure 1, A and B represent sections of the bolster and step
rails of an ordinary spinning frame. The step socket A¹ is provided at its lower
end with a shank or stem a, which passes through a hole in step rail A provided
therefor, and is held firmly therein by means of the shoulder on the same and a set
screw passing through the rail and impinging against said shank. In the upper
end of the step socket A¹ is inserted the step proper a¹, which is made of any
suitable antifriction material adapted to such uses. This step a forms the bearing
for the bottom end of the spindle C. The upper end or top of the step is made
concave or dishing to constitute an oil or lubricating reservoir.
Surrounding the spindle and resting upon the top of the step socket is the hood
or cap B¹, the use of which is to exclude dirt and other matter from and otherwise
protect the step bearing aforesaid, and it is vertically movable.
The bolster is shown at D. The lower part is chambered out to receive the
shoulder or collar on the spindle, and that portion of it which furnishes the bearing
for the upper part of the spindle is provided with a perforated bushing or lining of
bronze or other antifriction metal. This lining is bored or reamed out so as to
exactly fit the spindle, and is the adjunct mainly relied on for keeping the spindle
in perfect adjustment. The top end of the bolster is countersunk around the
spindle, as shown at b, to facilitate lubrication, and to provide for and catch any
overflow of oil. An annular flange formed with an open sink or gutter b² resting
on the bolster rail, and being a constituent part of the bolster itself, is furnished,
having downwardly slanting radial apertures 62 leading directly to the spindle at a
point intermediate between the top and bottom of the bearing. By means of this
flange the bolster is supported in its seat in the bolster rail B. The lining has
perforations c, which facilitate the distributing of the lubricating material, and
afford lodgement for the products of attrition. This arrangement of spindle and
bolster, and the means provided for oiling, contemplate the working through and
escape of the worn-out or "black oil," as it is termed, and the replenishing with
fresh oil at b, as occasion requires. The bolster D may be confined in the rail by
any appropriate means.
At E is shown in vertical section the bottom end of the ordinary wooden bobbin
attached to the spindle C. This bobbin is bushed at its lower end for a distance
of, perhaps, an inch or an inch and a half with a metallic bushing d, which is bored
out to fit the top of the spindle perfectly, and is sufficiently thick to be absolutely in-
flexible and unyielding, as the successful operation of the bobbin and spindle depends
upon complete rigidity of this bushing. The bobbin so constructed and attached is a
substitute for and takes the place of the spindle to all intents and purposes, so far
as the spinning process is concerned, and the metallic bushing serves as a coupling
for connecting the bobbin with the driving spindle. The external surface of this
bobbin is finished with reference to the bore of the bushing so that it may run truly,
and that part of its length from the top of the bushing & to the top of the bobbin
may be chambered out so as to make it as light as the nature of the material will
admit of.
In cases when wooden bobbins from any cause become bent or sprung, as
frequently happens, the same may be slipped upon a mandril by means of the
bushing and turned off or straightened, said bushing being specially constructed and
adapted to such purpose.
The
The spindle C is so constructed that there shall be only a sufficient projection of
the same through and above the bolster to receive and hold the bobbin.
spindle shown is slightly taper, but need not be so.
The bobbin is held and driven by force of frictional contact alone, and the

page_text: bushing & therein is barely long enough to maintain the axial 'adjustment of the
bobbin and provide the desired amount of surface for frictional contact. By cutting
the top of the spindle off at the top of the bushing & a large amount of weight and
material of the spindle is disposed of, and when the bobbin is constructed as
described its upper portion may be chambered out very materially, and by these
two operations a large amount of superabundant weight and material in both
spindie and bobbin is avoided, and as a result the power required to drive the
spindle is diminished, while the speed of the same may be increased. The spindle
is driven by the wheel e in the usual way, and the collar or flange ƒ prevents the
spindle from lifting out of the step. The cap B₁ may be elevated to get at the step
or bottom of the spindle for lubricating purposes.
In Figure 3 is shown a modification of iny short spindle C, which, in this instance,
is hollow nearly to the step, and consequently is proportionately reduced in weight
without any loss of strength.
F represents my reversible bobbin, which is shown in Figures 2 and 3 as mounted
upon my short spindle, and in Figure 4 as held upon a long taper spindle. This
bobbin is a cylindrical tube of nearly uniform size from end to end, each end g, g,
being strengthened by having the material thicker at such points. The inner
portions g, g, of the bobbin at each end taper slightly a sufficient distance to give
a firm and uniform hold upon the top of my short spindle, which also tapers
slightly. The internal space between the taper ends of the bobbin may be of
uniform size, or to secure a greater lightness may be of greater diameter than the
ends; and for the same purpose the central portion h may be of less external
diameter than the ends; moreover, for the same purpose, as well as to give & more
secure hold for the yarn, the bobbin may have perforations i, i, examples of which
are shown in Figures 5 and 6; also to ensure the same result the thickening of the
ends g, g, may be dispensed with, as shown in Figure 4, and also in Figures 5
and 6.
It will be observed that in place of the perforated bobbins one or more of the
perforations nearest the ends may be used in connection with any suitable catch to
hold the bobbin in position upon a shuttle skewer. It will also be observed with
regard to these perforations that their form and size may be varied as most con-
venient for particular purposes without departing from the spirit of my Invention,
these bobbins being well adapted for warp or filling.
My improved bobbin is to be used precisely like other bobbins, and the smaller
ones may also be used in the shuttle, and put on and taken from the spindle in the
usual manner.
The material of which I propose to make my reversible bobbin is preferably
metal, but gutta percha, hard india-rubber, papier maché, and even some description
of wood, or a combination of two or more of the materials may be used, it being
only essential that the bobbin should be very little larger in diameter than the
spindle upon which it fits, and should be sufficiently strong and durable.
The small diameter of the aforesaid bobbin allows it to be used with the ordinary
quantity of yarn spun upon it in smaller spinning rings than are now used. By
reason of the diminished size of the spinning ring a higher rate of revolution of
the bobbin may be maintained than heretofore. By the reversible character of the
bobbin there results great convenience in use, and great durability in wear, which
durability is enhanced by the character of the material of which the bobbin
is made.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it to be under-
stood that I claim,-
First. The spindle projecting above the bolster a distance barely sufficient to
receive and drive a bobbin by frictional contact applied only at the bottom thereof,
as above specified.
Second The hollow short spindle no chosen

page_text: Third. The bobbin provided at its bottom with a metallic bushing, as above
described.
Fourth. The reversible bobbin, as above described.
Fifth. The perforated bobbin, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
WM RORT LAKE (LS)
WM BORT LAKE. (IS)