IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND FORGING IRON OR STEEL.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND FORGING IRON OR
STEEL. A communication..
Sealed the 27th February 1857, and dated the 21st October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton'
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st October 1856.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,"
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND FORGING IRON OR
STEEI," to be as follows:-
The first part of the present Invention has for its object to roll or forge iron
or steel into bars, and consists in the employment of revolving rolls, one of
which is allowed to approach or recede from the other, its position being
entirely under the control of the operator, so that a greater or less pressure
may be put upon the metal, as may be required.
The rolls are actuated by means of toothed wheel gearing, the upper roll
being mounted in stationary bearings, while the lower roll is mounted in
bearings which are allowed to rise or fall vertically, and are moved by means
of a cam or excentric on which the lower bearings rest, and which is turned
by means of a hand lever operated by the attendant. The rolls are both
[Price 8d.]

page_text: driven at the same speed, and are both provided with grooves of various
shapes and dimensions, for the purpose of rolling various forms of iron or
steel, and they are also provided with moveable guards, consisting of rings
or plates, inserted in certain of the grooves of the rolls, so as to prevent or
restrict the expansion of the metal in a lateral direction when it is submitted
to the action or pressure of the rolls. The boxes of the rolls are allowed to
project within the framing, and when the lower roll is raised these boxes
come together and serve the purpose of a hammer and anvil, to be used as
occasions may require, to straighten and true the work.
The second part of the Invention has reference to an improved machine for
bending iron, which is particularly applicable to bending and shaping horse-
shoes, but may be used in many other cases where iron or other metal is
required to be bent into specified forms.
Supposing it to be required to produce horse-shoes, the form around which
the shoe is bent is to be temporarily secured to a carriage by means of a lever
and clamp, which is forced down on the form by an excentric or cam piece.
The piece of metal to be bent is also secured to a sliding carriage by another
lever, which is similarly held down by means of an excentric and a hand lever.
The metal is bent by means of a pair of levers, which are pivoted to the bed,
and are connected together by a strap piece, and at their forward ends they
are provided with antifriction rollers, which bear against the metal to be bent;
the position of the forward ends of the levers being. determined and regulated
by an excentric or cam, which is placed between their hinder ends, and is
moved on its centre by means of a hand lever. The bending operation is
effected by forcing back the carriage on which the piece of metal with its form
or mould is secured, as above mentioned, and by thus pushing or carrying back
the carriage the piece of metal is forced between the open jaws of the bending
levers, and the piece of metal is bent round the form; this being done, the
levers are released and the bent piece of metal removed from the frame, and
upon placing and securing another piece in the same manner and repeating
the same operation the next piece will be bent, and so on.
The third part of the Invention consists in certain improvements in the
clamps of punching machines. The article to be punched rests upon the bed
of the machine, and is secured there by means of a stationary and moveable
clamping jaw. The stationary part of the jaw is adjusted by means of screws,
and the moveable part is brought up against the article to be punched by
adjusting set screws, and is composed of two portions, which are hinged
together in the middle; the jaw is thus made to conform itself to articles of any
irregular form or width, as, for instance, the blanks for horse-shoes; and in
.

page_text: order that the set screws may have an equable bearing upon the jaw in any
position which the latter may assume, the screws are connected to the jaws by
ball and socket joints. The blanks for horse-shoes are secured in this clamp
and confined upon both sides while the nail holes are being punched, by which
means the iron is prevented from swelling out as the punch enters the
metal.
The fourth part of the Invention consists in a peculiarly constructed
machine for the purpose of welding metals. The machine consists of a
hammer, which is driven down by means of a spring on to the article to be
welded, and which is secured in its proper position on the anvil by means of a
set screw. When the hammer has made a blow it is prevented from return-
ing until the proper time by means of a spring, which holds it up. The force
of the blow is graduated to the nature of the work by means of excentrics,
which are under the control of and are worked by the attendant.
The fifth improvement consists in a peculiar machine for welding calks to
horse-shoes. The horse-shoe is secured on the anvil, and a vertical rod having
a notch made in its lower end to hold the calk is pressed down on the shoe by
a spring. A hammer secured to the end of a spring helve is suspended above
the upper end of the vertical rod which holds the calk, and is operated by
means of tappets, which lift up the hammer and allow it to fall with a quick
succession of blows upon the end of the vertical' rod. The calk being placed
in a suitable depression in the surface of the shoe, the two are placed in a
heated state beneath the vertical bar, when a few blows of the hammer will
complete the welding operation.
The above machines are particularly intended for and are applicable to the
manufacture of horse-shoes; but it is evident that they may be employed for
a variety of uses where analogous operations are to be performed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton, in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the 21st day of October, in the year of our Lord 1856,
in the 20th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give

page_text: and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license
that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
'assigns, or 'such others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the terin therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ROLLING AND FORGING IRON
OB STEEL being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar month's next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent."
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reférence being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
Fig. 1 is a plan of the forging machine; Fig. 2, an elevation of the same:
Fig. 3, a section, upon the line A, A, of Fig. 1., Fig. 4, a plan of the bending
machine: Fig. 5. a side elevation Fig. 6, an end view of the same. Fig. 7
is a plan of the clamping machine; Fig. 8, an end view; Fig. 9, a side view
of the same. Fig. 10, a view of the machine for welding metals. Fig. 11, a
view of the machine for welding calks to horse-shoes.
The first part of my Invention has for its object to forge or plate iron or
steel, and consists in the employment of revolving rolls for the purpose, one of
these rolls being allowed to approach or recede from the other, its position
being entirely under the control of the operator, so that a greater or less
-pressure may be put, upon the metal, as may be required. This part of the
Invention also embraces certain details which will be referred to hereafter.
In the accompanying Drawings, B is the framework of the machine;"C, the
upper, and D, the lower roll. These rolls are driven in the direction of the
arrows, Fig. 3, by power applied to the shaft E, whence it is communicated
through the pinion F to the gear Ġ pon, the shaft of the upper roll, and
through the pinion H and intermediate gear I to the gear K upon the shaft
of the lower roll; the rolls are so geared as to have an equals surface motion,
the upper one running in stationary boxes, and the, lower one in boxes that are
F

page_text: permitted to slide freely up and down in the framework. X are rollers upon
the shaft of the lower roll, immediately beneath which are the excentrics M,
that are secured to the shaft N. This shaft may be turned a
portion of a
circle, so as to cause the excentrics M to force the lower roll up against the
upper one, the handle O secured to the shaft being placed within reach of the
workman's left hand for the purpose. a, a, are inclined grooves in the surface
of each roll, which are employed in drawing out and shaping a piece of metal
when a bevil is to be put upon each edge; c, c, are grooves in the lower roll
for the reception of the guard P, the operation of which will be presently
explained. The upper roll is provided with similar grooves directly opposite
to those in the lower one, the upper roll contiguous to these grooves being
formed to correspond with the shape of the article to be rolled or forged. The
guard P is employed where it is desired to roll a scollop or other peculiar
form upon one edge of a piece of iron, and to preserve this edge of the iron
sharp and smooth; it also serves the purpose of keeping the iron straight and
preventing it from bending 'round as one side is compressed more than the
other. As the rolls approach cach other the guard enters the groove cin
the roll beneath, and thus it is itself steadied and guided, while it offers no
impediment to the operation of the rolls..
There may be a series of guards, one to each groove contiguous to that
portion of the cylinder to be used. The guard may be confined in position in
any suitable manner; in the machine represented in the accompanying
Drawings it is secured at each end to the braces S, which run from side to side
of the machine. At L, L³, the boxes which carry the rolls are allowed to
project within the frame, and when the lower roll is raised these boxes come
together and serve the purpose of a hammer and anvil, to be used as occasion
may require, to straighten and true the work. The rolls are caused to revolve
by any suitable motive power in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3.
The operator standing in front of the machine enters the heated iron between
the rolls from the side on which projects the lever 'O and depresses the lever
with his left hand, and as the roll's bite the metal the latter is instantly rolled
out towards him; he then raises the lever, enters the iron again, and repeats
the operation; putting each time the required degree of pressure upon the lever
O, turning the iron with his right hand, as in forging, until it is sufficiently
drawn down. If it is to be simply bevilled upon both edges it is occasionally
entered between the inclined grooves a. If any particular bevil or scollop is
to be given to the edge of the iron, the guard is placed in the required groove,
the cylinder contiguous thereto being suitably formed to give proper shape to
the edge, the guard, as before stated, keeping the iron straight, and preventing

page_text: it from swelling out upon one side. From time to time as the forging proceeds
the iron may be placed between the boxes L, L2, for the purpose of trucing
and straightening it.
The second part of this Invention has reference to an improved machine for
bending iron, which is particularly applicable to bending and shaping horse-
shoes, but may be used in many other cases where iron or other metal is to be
bent into specified forms. A2 is the framework; B2, the bed or table; C, a
carriage, of a form scen in section in Fig. 6, which slides upon the ways a³, a²,
in the bed of the machine. The machine is represented as arranged for
bending horse-shoes. D2 is the form around which the shoe is bent; it is
temporarily secured to the carriage C by the lever E, which is pivoted at b,
and is forced down upon the form by an excentric c. upon the end of the hand
lever F. The piece of metal to be bent is also secured to the sliding carriage
by a lever G³, similarly held down by the hand lever HP. The carriage is
operated by the crank 12 upon the driving shaft K2 and the pitman L. M²
are the bending levers, which are pivoted to the bed at d, and are connected
by the strap N2. At their forward ends these levers carry the bevilled rolls h,
and at the opposite ends they rest upon the cam 02 upon the shaft P, the
position of which cam is regulated by the hand wheel Q, by which means the
opening at the forward ends is adjusted to the size of the curve to be bent.
The cam O bears upon the rollers 9, pivoted to the under side of the bending
levers, and thus, as the bending proceeds, the operator is enabled to regulate
the opening between the rolls h to correspond to the form and size of the
article being bent. The bending levers are kept in contact with the cams by
the springs R. The machine is actuated by a band from any suitable motive
power to the pulley S2, which runs loosely upon the shaft K2, but is locked
therewith by the clutch U, operated by the foot lever W2. When this lever
is depressed it is caught beneath a notch in the frame, where it is held until
released, in the following manner: As the carriage is drawn back after the
bending is completed, a pin projecting therefrom strikes against a lever X2
(seen dotted in Fig. 6) and disengages the foot lever from its notch, and it is
then raised by the spring Z, whereby the pulley is disengaged, from its shaft,
and the machine stops. The lever H2 is then thrown over, the shoe removed
from the machine, and another blank is put in its place, the foot lever is
depressed, and the operation continues as before.
The third part of this Invention consists in certain improvements in clamps
for punching machines, which will be now described.
A³ (Figs. 7, 8, & 9) is the bed of the machine upon which the article to be
punched rests; B³, the stationary jaw, which is adjusted in position by the

page_text: screws C³, and is there secured by screws c¹, which pass through slots in the
jaw. The moveable jaw D¹ is brought up against one side of the article to be
punched by the screws E³, and is composed of two portions 1 & 2, which are
hinged together in the middle at F3, the outer ends of these pieces sliding
beneath the clamps a', which are secured to the bed by the screws b¹; the
jaw is thus enabled to conform itself to articles of irregular width, as, for
instance, the blanks for horse-shoes, and in order that the screws E³ may have
an equable bearing upon the jaw D¹ in any position which the latter may
assume, the screws are connected to the jaw by ball and socket joints. This
machine is particularly adapted to clamping blanks for horse-shoes while the
holes for the nails are being punched, the blanks being firmly held upon both
sides by the jaws, and is prevented from swelling out as the punch enters the
metal, and a perfect shoe is formed. The edge next the shoe blank of both
the movable and fixed jaw is bevilled, to correspond with the bevil on the shoe,
that the pressure of the jaws may not distort its shape, and that it may be
pressed firmly down on to the bed. The screws E³ carry the gears G³, H³,
which engage with a gear 13 upon the shaft of the hand wheel K³, by which
means the screws are simultaneously operated.
In punching the blanks for horse-shoes, they are placed in the clamp with
the centre of the wide portion, which forms the toe, opposite to the joint F;
as the screws E are then brought up, the central portion of the jaw yields to
permit its edge to conform to the edge of the blank along its whole length;
when thus confined the blank may be punched without disfiguring in the least
the outside edge of the shoe.
The fourth part of this Invention consists in a peculiarly constructed machine
for the purpose of welding metals, and is represented in Fig. 10, in which a³ is
the anvil; e is a rest, which governs the position of the article to be welded,
and which is regulated by the hand screw b; is the hammer, which is
secured to the shaft g, and is thrown by the force of the spring h². After the
blow is struck, the hammer is raised from the anvil, and prevented from
returning thereon by a spring, not seen in the Drawings. At its upper end the
spring is secured to the bar k, the position of which is regulated by the
hand screws m³, which are operated by the workman, by which means he is
enabled to graduate the force of the blow to the requirements of the work. The
hammer is operated by tappets upon the revolving shaft P.
The fifth part of this Invention is a peculiar machine for welding calks to
horse-shoes, which is represented in Fig. 11. d is the anvil; e, the horse-
shoe; n, a vertical rod or bar, having a notch in its lower extremity for the
reception of the calk, and is pressed down upon the shoe by the spring o²;

page_text: p.is a hammer, secured to the end of a spring helve q². This hammer is operated
by the tappetsi; and is allowed to fall upon the bar a in quick succession;
it is raised out of contact with the tappets by means of a foot lever, not seen
in the Drawings; the calk being placed in a suitable depression in the surface
of the shoe, the two .are placed in a heated state beneath the bar n³, as seen
in the Drawings, when a few blows of the hammer completes the welding.
The above-described machines are particularly designed for and applicable
to the manufacture of horse-shoes, but it is evident that they may be employed
for a variety of uses where analagous operations are to be performed.
Having now set forth the nature of this Invention, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under
the above recited Letters Patent I do not claim the use of rolls revolving in
fixed bearings and having dies therein for the purpose of forging or forming
specific articles; but what I do claim is,
The combination and arrangement of the rolls C and D, one of them being
capable of motion to and from the other, and entirely within the control of the
operator, as set forth.
2nd, I claim the guard P in combination with the rolls operating in the
manner and for the purpose substantially as herein set forth.
3d, I claim prolonging the boxes L, L, in which the rolls run for the
purpose of straightening the work, as described.
4th; I claim the within-described machine for bending horse-shoes, consisting
essentially of the travelling carriage-C and the bending levers M2, operating in
the manner substantially as herein set forth.
5th, I claim constructing the movable jaw of the clamp in two pieces and
hinging them in the centre, for the purpose set forth:
6th, I claim the within-described machine for welding, constructed and
operating as set forth.
:
7th, I'claim the calk welding machine, constructed and operating as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here:
unto set my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane..
W. 1. NEWTON.
(L.S.)