Year: 1896

page_text: SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, 27 Charterhouse Square, in the County of
London, Engineer and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in the construction of dynamo
electric generators and motors in such a manner as to reduce the cost of manu-
facturing the machinery, to improve its efficiency and increase its mechanical
strength.
According to my invention, I form the field magnets and the bedplate of the
machine in one casting of such a shape that the central portion is in the form of a
cube or nearly a cube, (or where the machine has more than 4 poles a regular polygon)
on one of the faces of which the machine stands, while the magnet bars are .con-
tained in pockets or pinjections cast on to two other sides, and cylindrical
projections are formed on two remaining sides, one of which carries the bracket
supporting the shaft on that end, from which the power is taken in the case of
a motor or to which power is applied in the case of a dynamo electric machine;
while at the other end a cylindrical case is formed which encloses the commutator
or collecting rings of the machine, and also carries the bracket supporting the shaft
of the revolving part.
Where the machine has more than two poles, I form projections on the
inside of the cubical portion of the motor to form the other magnet bars; these
however being extremely short, and not intended to carry any winding. I carry
the brackets supporting the shaft from circular plates which register into
the cylindrical projections already described, and I bore these projections the
same-size as I bore the magnet bars, so that the whole of this work can be done at
one operation and at one setting.
I form the polepieces on the inner surface of a ring of iron or steel, which is
turned on the outside so as to fit into the magnet bars where they have been bored
out, and on to this ring at either end, I attach cylindrical castings of brass or
other non-magnetic metal, which projecting for some little distance at either end,
fit into the rings formed in the casting, which are bored to the same size as the
magnet bars, and in this way I completely enclose the coils of wire which are
placed on the magnet bars for the purpose of magnetising the machine, and in
some cases, I subsequently cast up all the space left vacant in the pockets con-
taining the magnets, with a mixture of sulphur and ground glass or other suitable
nonconducting material.
The armature of the machine is so constructed that the conductors, where they
are parallel to the axis of the armature are enclosed in notches or tunnels formed

page_text: in the iron plates of which the armature is built or in some cases formed in plates
of nonmagnetic metal, which are supported by and attached to the iron plates
of the armature, and where these notches are open on the surface, not being com-
plete tunnels, I close them by means of wedges of wood or other suitable
material and where the conductors pass round the ends of the armature, being
wound according to the system known as "drum winding," I carry them round
on cylindrical casings, to which I subsequently attach cylindrical casings
which completely enclose these conductors, and I subsequently may cast these con-
ductors into one solid mass with a mixture of sulphur and ground glass or other
suitable material.
And where the armature is wound according to the system of "gramme wind-
ing," I also enclose the wires in a casing of some nonmagnetic material, which I
may, when required, completely fill with a mixture of sulphur and ground glass
or other suitable nonconducting material, so as to completely fix the wires on the
inside of the armature as well as on the ends and efficiently protect them from
the access of moisture, or from mechanical injury.
The terminals and brush carriers I form of suitable castings, which I support
either within the cyindrical casings at the end of the pole ring, or on the ring in
the main casting into which these cases fix, by means of pockets cast into these
several parts, the terminals or brush carriers being supported in these pockets
and insulated from them by means of a mixture of sulphur and glass or other
suitable material.
I may either build the armature on to a shaft which revolves in bearings
supported by the end brackets already described, or in some cases I prefer to
build it on to a hollow shaft, which being lined with white metal, or being pro-
'vided with bushes of suitable material, revolves upon a fixed shaft which is carried
by the end brackets already described and where I use this hollow. shaft, I
sometimes prefer to form the fixed shaft with a hole through its centre into which
I deliver oil from a pump, which may, when desirable be contained within one of
the end brackets and driven from an eccentric formed on the end of the revolving
hollow shaft and this oil passing through holes in this fixed shaft is delivered into
the bushes or white metal lining affording an efficient lubricant:
0.1
1800
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Generators and Motors.
I SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, Hollinwood in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Electrician, late of Charterhouse Square, in the County of London
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
'statement :--
This invention has for its object improvements in the construction of dynamo
electric generators and motors in such a manner as to reduce the cost of manu-
facturing the machinery and to improve its efficiency and increase its mechanical
.strength.
In order that this invention may be better understood, I now proceed to describe
same in relation to the accompanying drawings, reference being had to the
various letters and figures marked thereon, like letters referring to like parts in
the various figures.

page_text: Fig. 1., is a side elevation partly in section of a machine constructed according
to my invention.
Fig. 2., is an end elevation partly in section showing the construction of the
machine.
Fig. 3., is a plan also partly in section.
Fig. 4., is a side elevation partly in section of one form of armature constructed.
according to my invention.
According to my invention I form the field magnets (a) in Figs. 2 & 3 together
with the bedplate (b) and frame (c) of the machine in Figs. 1, 2 & 3 in one casting
of such a shape that the central portion (b) is in the form of a cube, or nearly a
cube, (or where the machine has more than four poles, of a regular polygon) on
one of the faces, (61) of which the machine stands, having separate feet suitable
for holding it down. The magnet bars (a) are contained in pockets or projections (c)
cast on two other sides, these pockets being of suitable size to contain, the magnet
copper windings (e) completely within them, and I form cylindrical projections (f)
& (f) on the two remaining sides, one of which, (f).carries the bracket (9) sup-
porting the shaft on that end from which power is taken in the case of a motor,
or to which power is supplied in the case of a dynamo electric machine, while at
the other end a cylindrical case (f) is formed, which encloses the commutator (h)
in the case of a continuous current machine, or the collector rings similarly
situated in the case of an alternating current machine, and also carries the
bracket (i) supporting the shaft of the revolving part.-
Where the machine has more than four poles I form projections (k) on the inside
of the polygonal portion of the motor to form other magnet bars, these, however,
being extremely short and not intended to carry any winding.
I form the brackets (i) & (g) in the form of circular plates which register into
the cylindrical projections (f) & (f) already described, and I bore these pro-
jections (f) & (f) the same size as I bore the magnet bars (a) & (k) so that the
whole of this work can be done at one operation.
I form the polepieces (7) on the inner surface of a ring (m) of iron or steel (as
described in Letters Patent granted to me on April 2nd 1896, and numbered 7195)
which is turned on the outside so as to fit into the magnet bars (a) & (k) where
they are bored out, and these polepieces may have wound on to them coils as
described in the above mentioned Letters Patent, and on to this ring at either end
I attach cylindrical castings (n) of brass or other non-magnetic metal which may
completely enclose the coils on the poles () if these are used, and which projecting
for some little distance at either end, fit into the rings (o) formed in the casting
which have been bored out to the size of the maguet bars, and in this way I
entirely enclose the coils of wire (e) placed on the magnet bars (a) for the purpose of
magnetising the machine, and in some cases, I subsequently cast up all the vacant
spaces (p) thus formed in the pockets containing the magnets, with a mixture
f sulphur and ground glass or other suitable nonconducting material.
The armature of the machine is so constructed that the conductors (r) wherever
they are parallel to the axis of the armature are enclosed in notches or tunnels (s)
formed in the iron plates (as shewn in Fig. 2,) of which the armature is built, or
in some cases formed in plates of nonmagnetic metal, which is supported by and
attached to the iron plates of the armature, and where the notches are open on the
surface, not being complete tunnels, I close them by means of wedges of wood
or other suitable material, and where the conductors pass round the end of the
armature (r) being wound according to the system known as drum-winding, I
carry them round on cylindrical castings (t) to which, I subsequently attach
cylindrical casings (¹), which completely enclose those conductors, and I sub-
sequently may cast these conductors into one solid mass with a mixture of sulphur
and ground glass or other suitable material. And where the armature is wound
according to the gramme system, as in Fig. 4., I also enclose end-windings (r) in
a casing (¹) of some nonmagnetic material, which I may when required com:
pletely fill up with a mixture of sulphur and ground glass or other suitable

page_text: nonconducting material so as to completely fix the wires on the inside of., the
armature (2) as well as on the ends, and efficiently protect them from access of
moisture or other mechanical injury.
P
The terminals (u) and the brush carriers (u) I form of suitable castings,
ch I support either within the cylindrical casings (n) at the end of the pole
Ting (m) as shewn in Figs. 1, 2 & 3, or when I prefer, I cast pockets in the ring (o)
or in projections from it, and carry the terminals (a) and the brush carriers (v),
in these pockets and insulated from them by means of a mixture.of.sulphur and
glass or other suitable material..
I.may either build the armature on to a shaft which revolves-in bearings, of
the ordinary pattern supported in the end brackets, (i and. g) or in some cases,
I prefer to build it of a hollow shaft (e) which being lined with white metal (0)
or being provided with bushes of suitable material revolves upon a fixed shaft ()
which is carried in the end brackets (and g) already described, and where..I
use this hollow shaft, I sometimes prefer to form the fixed shaft (c) with a hole
through the centre as shewn in the drawings, into which I deliver oil. froma
which may
pump
when desirable be contained within the end bracket (2) and driven
from an eccentric either formed on or driven by the revolving hollow shaft, and
this oil passing through holes in this fixed shaft is delivered into the bushes or
white metal lining of the revolving shaft, forming an efficient lubricant.
.i
I would have it understood that although I have described my invention
in relation to a machine having four poles, I may use the same construction for
a machine having only two poles or more than four, and that though I have de-
scribed this in relation to the drawings for a. continuous. current. dynamo or
motor, I may use an exactly similar construction for machines giving, alternating
currents.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
..
1. In a dynamo electric generator or motor the formation of the machine con-
sisting of a polygonal body on some of the faces of which are formed..pockets
containing the magnet bars, and on other faces cylindrical projections.carrying
the brackets supporting the shaft substantially, as, described and illustrated, in
Figs. 1, 2 &.3.
3f;",m - …;:; --ice -3·nm°་༢་༡n
polygonal body on son
a
2. In dynamo electric generators or moters having
of the faces of which are formed pockets containing the magnet bars, and on other
faces, cylindrical projections carrying the brackets supporting the shaft the forma-
tion of the polefaces on the inner surface of a ring of iron or steel turned on..the
outside to fit the magnet bars and provided with cylindrical projectionsy of. non-
magnetic metal to fit into subsidiary rings formed in the frame of the machine
substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 & 3. .
3. In dynamoelectric generators or motors, the formation of an armature having
the wires wound with a drum-winding with the end connections carried on, cylin
drical surfaces and enclosed. in nonmagnetic boxes substantially as described, and
illustrated in Figs: 1 & 3.
4. In dynamo electric generators or motors the formation of an armature
having, the wire wound according to the system of Gramme winding with the
end connections enclosed in nonmagnetic cases substantially as described and
illustrated in Fig. 4... . . :
5. In, dynamo electric generators or motors the, construction of an armature
upon a hollow shaft fitted with bushes or lined with white metal and revolving
upon a fixed shaft substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1, 3 & 4.
6. In dynamo. electric generators or motors the arrangement of terminals or
brush carriers supported in pockets formed in cylindrical cases attached to the

page_text: polepieces or formed in pockets in the main casting of the machine substantially
as described and illustrated in the Figs. 1, 2, & 3.
7. The construction of dynamo electric generators or motors substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of May 1997