IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY 01 APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORES AND BREAKING STONES, AND FOR CRUSHING AND BREAKING OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Rowland Marsden, of Leeds, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
01 APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORES AND BREAKING STONES, AND FOR CRUSHING
AND BREAKING OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES..;
Sealed the 7th August 1874, and dated the 4th June 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Rowland
Marsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th June 1874.
I, HENRY ROWLAND MARSDEN, of Leeds in the County of York, do,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
hereby declare the nature of my said. Invention for
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OBES AND BREAKING SIONES, AND FOR,
CRUSHING AND BREAKING OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to that class of machinery.or
apparatus for crushing ores and crushing and breaking other hard and
brittle substances in which the materials are operated upon between two
Price Q171
}

page_text: machinery, and consists,―
First. In the employment of a rotatory wheel consisting of a circular
frame, which is mounted on a horizontal shaft or axis, and is provided
with buckets or pockets on its inner periphery, such wheel being driven
either from the same shaft as that which actuates the moveable jaw
(when a stationary and a movable jaw are used) through the interven-
tion of pullies and bevel gearing or otherwise. Into the buckets or
pockets of this wheel the crushed or broken substances escaping from the
jaws after having been operated upon therein are conducted by means of
a directing spout or channel leading to the lower part of the wheel,
such crushed or broken substances being elevated by the rotation of the
wheel to the top, where they are discharged into another spout or channel,
the bottom of which is formed of any suitable finely perforated or
reticulated material, which admits of the passage through its meshes
or openings of that portion of the substances which has been sufficiently
reduced or comminuted into any suitable receptacle below, the remainder
being conducted into the jaws again, where it becomes mixed with a
fresh supply of substances to be crushed or broken, and is again sub-
jected to the operation of the machine. The wheel may be arranged in
any required position, but I prefer to place it at the back of the
stationary jaw (when such is employed), and it may also be formed in
any desired manner, but a convenient mode of constructing it will be to
cast the boss with arms or spokes and to form the buckets or pockets of
sheet metal attached to an annular wooden framing to be bolted to such
arms or spokes.
Secondly. In constructing the jaws of machinery for crushing and
breaking ores and other hard substances in the following manner :—I
cast the stock or frame of one or both of the jaws separately from the
other portion as heretofore, and make the latter, which forms the acting
-surface of the jaw of chilled cast iron, which I cast on to strips or bars
of malleable or wrought iron, by placing a suitable number of such
strips or bars in a mould and running in the metal around them, so that
such strips or bars will form projections on the back of the casting. I a
then plane these projections and the surface of the stock or frame true
and smooth, and fit the two parts together and secure them by wedges
or other similar means. This arrangement admits of the white metal

page_text: hitherto employed for combining the parts being dispensed with. This
mode of forming and fitting the acting surface is also applicable to
stamp heads and other crushing machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Rowland Marsden in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ROWLAND MARSDEN, of Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
37th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Rowland Marsden, Her special
license that I, the said Henry Rowland Marsden, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Rowland
Marsden, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORES AND
BREAKING STONES, AND FOR CRUSHING AND BREAKING OTHER HARD AND BRITTLE
SUBSTANCES" upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Henry Rowland Marsden, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW, YF, that. I, the said Henry Rowland Marsden, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom.

page_text: '
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say:
"
My said Invention relates, first, to that class of machinery or appa-
ratus for crushing ores and breaking stones, and for crushing and
breaking other hard and brittle substances, in which the substances are
operated upon between a moveable jaw and a stationary jaw, or between
two moveable jaws, and consists in the combination with a machine of
this class of a rotatory wheel (herein-after termed a ' raff" wheel),
which is mounted on a horizontal shaft and provided with buckets or
pockets on its periphery for the purpose of elevating that portion of the
substances which have been crushed or broken in the jaws, which is not
sufficiently reduced or comminuted, and discharging it into the machine
again to be afresh subjected to its operation. This part of my Invention
is intended more particularly to be employed in combination with that
description of machinery for which Letters Patent were granted to me
bearing date respectively March First, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two, No. 649, and July Eighth, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two, No. 2057, but is also applicable to what are known as
Blake's stone breakers and machines having engines attached used for
breaking or crushing stone or ores, or any other machines in which jaws
are employed for crushing or breaking the substances to be comminuted
or reduced.
My Invention, secondly, relates more particularly to the jaws of
: machinery or apparatus for crushing ores and breaking stones, and
crushing and breaking other hard and brittle substances, and consists in
an improved mode of constructing and fitting such jaws in order to
obtain a harder and more durable acting face, which may be renewed
..with facility when worn out. In carrying out this part of my Invention
I cast the stock or frame of one or both of the jaws separately from the
other portion as heretofore, and make the latter, which forms the acting
face of the jaw, of chilled or white cast iron, which I cast on to strips
or bars of malleable or wrought iron by placing a suitable number of
such strips or bars in a mould and running in the metal around them, or
I secure the strips or bars to the casting by any other suitable means,
so that such strips or bars will form projections on the back thereof. I
then plane these projections and the surface of the stock or frame true
and smooth, and fit the two parts together and secure them by wedge
bolts or other similar means. This arrangement admits of the white
:
7.

page_text: metal hitherto employed for combining the parts being if desired dis-
pensed with. This mode of forming and fitting the acting face is also
applicable to stamp heads, rollers, and other machinery employed for
breaking or crushing purposes.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed two Sheets of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a sectional elevation shewing the application of
the raff wheel to a stone-breaking and ore-crushing machine of the
description for which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date
respectively March First, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two,
No. 649, and July Eighth, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two,
No. 2057. Figure 2 is a corresponding plan, and Figure 3 an end
elevation of same.
A, B, are the jaws of the machine into which the substances to be
crushed or broken are introduced. The jaw B, which is moveable, is
worked by means of the toggles a, a, lever b, connected rod c, and
crank d from the main shaft C, which latter is mounted in bearings e, e¹,
and carries fly wheels D, D, and driving pulleys E, E. The shaft C is
prolonged beyond the bearing e¹, and has fitted on to such prolonged
portion a small pulley F, which imparts motion by means of a belt or
strap to a larger pulley G keyed on to a cross shaft H. The shaft H
is supported in bearings in a pedestal I, and carries a bevel pinion K
in gear with a bevel wheel L, which is carried on a stud centre f
formed in one piece with a plate g secured to the frame of the machine.
To the bevel wheel L is attached by bolts h the raff wheel M, which is
composed of a frame i of any suitable material, having secured to its
periphery a series of buckets or pockets N similar to those of a water
wheel. These buckets or pockets are applied internally in the example
shewn in the Drawing, but they may be arranged externally if found
desirable. O is the spout or channel which receives the crushed or
broken substances as they leave the jaws A, B, and conducts them into
those of the buckets or pockets N of the raff wheel M, which may then
be situate near the bottom. Motion being. imparted to the raff wheel
by means of the pinion K, which is in gear with the bevel wheel L, to

page_text: .
which such raff wheel is secured, the crushed or broken substances are
elevated by the revolution of the wheel to the top, whence they are dis-
charged into a hopper P. At the bottom of the hopper P there is pro-
vided a screening plate Q arranged at an angle along which the
substances descend by gravity, so as while allowing that portion of the
substances which has been sufficiently reduced or comminuted to pass
through the meshes or perforations of the plate Q, whence they may be
conducted by a cross shoot R into any suitable receptacle, to direct the
remainder into the jaws A, B, again, where it becomes mixed with a
fresh supply of the substances to be crushed or broken, and having been
again subjected to the operated of the machine is discharged from the
jaws and re-elevated by the raff wheel, and so on in succession, until the
whole of the substances are reduced to the requisite fine state of division
to admit of their passing through the meshes or perforations of the
, screening plate Q.
The screening plate Q, may, if desired, have a rocking or shaking
motion imparted to it, and be placed at a flatter angle than that shown
in the Drawing. Or the spout or channel O may be made to form the
screen and itself have a rocking or shaking motion imparted to it. This
may be accomplished by hinging the spout or channel O at the end
nearest the jaw and coupling a lever loosely to such spout or channel and
to the vertical lever b, so as to produce the vibratory motion necessary
for effecting the riddling of the substances discharged from the machine
before elevating them, thereby obviating the necessity for elevating
that portion of the substances which has been already sufficiently reduced.
or comminuted.
In lieu of the preceding arrangements the spout or channel O may be
made rotatory and be constructed in the form of a perforated or reticu-
lated cylinder, the meshes or perforations being varied in size if required,
so as to effect the separation or sorting of the substances according to
the degree of fineness to which they are reduced.
Figure 4 (Sheet 2) represents a side elevation, and Figure 5 a corre-
sponding plan of a machine constructed in accordance with this
modification. In this arrangement the substances to be crushed or
broken are first operated upon between the jaws A, B, whence they are
directed into the perforated or reticulated cylinder O, which is formed
in one with or attached to the raff wheel M. The cylinder O, with the
raff wheel M, is carried by a shaft f mounted in bearings g supported

page_text: upon the base of the machine, and is driven by means of the bevel
wheel L and bevel pinion K and the pulleys G, F, by a cross strap k
from the driving shaft C. The substances discharged into the cylinder
O are screened or riddled by the act of rotation of the cylinder, whereby
the finer portions are discharged through its meshes or perforations, the
residue only being carried forward into the buckets or pockets N of the
raff wheel M and elevated to be again subjected to the operation of the
machine. In this modification an additional pair of jaws A', B¹, form-
ing an auxiliary machine, is employed for completing the operation of
crushing or breaking those portions of the substances which have not.
passed through the meshes or perforations of the cylinder O, such
portions after having been elevated being conducted from the top of the
raff wheel through a hopper P' into the jaws A', B', and thence after
having been operated upon therein through a spout or channel Q into
any suitable receptacle. The raff wheel may be otherwise arranged in
order to effect the object intended, and be carried by a frame separate
from the machine if desired, and either driven from the machine
independently thereof.
Figure 6, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section, and Figure 7 a sectional
plan shewing the mode of constructing the jaws of machinery for
crushing and breaking ores and other hard substances according to the
second part of my Invention. The Drawing illustrates the application
of the Invention in those cases in which one stationary and one movable
jaw are employed, but it is obviously equally applicable when two
movable jaws, are used, and to any arrangement of machine in which
the substances are operated upon in jaws, whatever means may be
employed for actuating such jaws. A is the main frame of the machine
and B the swing or moving jaw stock; A, B', are the acting faces,
which are cast separately from the frame and stock to which they are
secured in such a manner as to enable the acting faces to be renewed
when worn out, as herein-before mentioned. The acting faces A', B¹, I
form of chilled or white cast iron, and I cast them on to strips or bars
of malleable or wrought iron, a suitable number of such strips or bars
being placed in the mould and the metal run in around them, or the
strips or bars may be secured to the faces A¹, B', in any other suit-
able manner, so as to form projections on the back thereof. I then
chip or plane these projections and the surface of the stock and frame
and fit the two parts together, and secure them by wedges or otherwise.

page_text: In the arrangement shewn in the Drawing the face B¹ is secured to the
stock B by means of a wrought-iron wedge m driven in between the
stock and the top of the face, and the face is also provided with a notch
or recess both at the top and bottom, as shewn at n, for the reception
of a tongue or projection cast on to the stock whereby any lateral motion
of such face is prevented..
In the case of the stationary jaw the frame A has lugs or projections
O cast on it, and the face A' is provided with corresponding notches
or recesses to fit the same, and is secured in position by means of wedge
cheeks P driven in between the face and the frame, white metal or any
other suitable composition being poured in at the back to make it solid
if found necessary. The object of applying the malleable or wrought
iron strips or bars is to provide a substance capable of being chipped or
planed to fit the jaw stock or frame, the metal of which the faces are
composed being too hard to admit of their being operated upon in order
to obtain a bearing surface. Steel or any other hard metal may, if
found desirable, be substituted for cast iron in forming the acting
faces.
Figure 8, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section, and Figure 9 an end view
of a crushing roller constructed according to this part of my Invention.
A is the acting face or shell, which I make of chilled or white cast iron,
and cast on to any suitable number of longitudinal strips or bars 1; A¹
is the body of the roller, which is keyed on to the shaft q, and is pro-
vided on its periphery with a corresponding number of grooves or recesses
into which the strips or bars 7 are fitted in order to combine the parts
together.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section and Figure 11 is an end view of a
modification of the preceding arrangement. In this case the strips or
bars are made of an annular shape and form rings on to which the
shell A is cast, and they are fitted to the body A' and secured by keys 1
or other suitable means, or if preferred the roller itself may be cast with
soft metal hoops or rings to be fitted to the shell. If desired the acting
face or shell may also be composed of steel or any other hard metal in
lieu of cast iron, such face or shell being cast on or attached to the strips
or bars in the manner herein-before described.
Figure 12 is a vertical section and Figure 13 a plan shewing the
application to stamp beads of this method of forming an acting face

page_text: The stamp head A is cast on to a tang of wrought iron or malleable
metal, by which it may be fitted to the socket or other means of
fastening.
This improved mode of forming and fitting acting faces may also be
applied to any other description of machinery for crushing and breaking
hard substances, and the arrangement may be variously modified to suit
the particular purpose for which the faces are to be employed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The application and use to and with machinery or apparatus
having jaws for crushing hard and brittle substances of a rotating wheel
for elevating the substances discharged from the jaws not sufficiently
reduced, and again delivering such substances into the machine for the
purpose of effecting their further reduction, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Second. Forming the acting faces of jaws, the shells of rolls, stamp
heads, and other acting faces of machinery or apparatus for crushing
and breaking hard and brittle substances of chilled or white cast iron or
its equivalent, and casting the same on to or attaching or adapting to
them wrought or malleable iron strips or bars for the purpose of facili-
tating the fitting of such jaw faces, roll shells, stamp heads, or other
acting faces to the stock, frame, or body of the jaw, machine, or
apparatus, and the renewal of the faces when worn, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said Henry Rowland Marsden, have
to this my Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
seventh day of November One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-four
H. R. MARSDEN. (L.S.)