Improvements in Milking Machines
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Nov., 1891-Accepted, 5th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Milking Machines,
I, JENS NIELSEN of 5 Raadhusstræde, Copenhagen, Denmark Manufacturer'
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Machines constructed according to this invention work on the same principle as
that used in hand milking, the two fingers used in the latter for taking hold of the
teats being superseded by two elastic and feathering rollers which render the
milking even more gentle, than by hand. The machines may further be made to
milk all four teats simultaneously thus doubling the speed of hand milking. The
machines may also be adjusted according to the length of the teats..
The machine in its simplest form consists of two elastic rollers and of a scissors-
like frame in the forked onds of which they are mounted and whose other ends are
provided with handles. When milking one handle is taken hold of by each hand
and the teats are squeezed between the rollers while the latter are carried down to
the ends then opened, raised to the former position, squeezed together while passed
down and BO ON.
1
:
The more complicated machines work in the same manner, only that the rollers
are worked mechanically by turning a handle. It is generally preferable to combine
two pairs of rollers with each other, both worked by the same hanille, so that all
four teats may be milked if the rollers are only made long enough. Such machines
would have a top plate which is bent more or less according to the form of the
udder and provided with two oblong holes (one for cach pair of teats) or four
round or oval holes (one for each teat). When the teats from some cause are very
tender or irritated these holes may be provided with cloth curtains which come
between the teats and the rollers.
The rollers are in one form of machine mounted in the upper ends of four levers
which are pivoted below each two to a carriage which carriages during the milking
are moved up and down by a spindle having its bearing or bearings in a box and
provided with handle and crank with pin which latter enters a block in a horizontal
slot formed in a cross head with rolls working between vertical guides in the box
and having another corresponding cross piece.
The levers carrying the elastic rollers are moved so as to open or close them by
means of a plate at each end of the box, containing the whole machine these plates
are pivoted to the lower prolongation of a roller lever in each pair of same, but so
that the said four levers are arranged towards the same side pair wise. Each plate
forms a parallellogram member with the two roller levers to which it is jointed and
with a cross piece. The other two roller levers in which the plates are not hung are
at a distance over their fulcrum pins equal to the distance of the lower joint pins.
from the fulcrum pins of the other two levers provided each with a pin which works
in a slot in its plate.
The two plates are connected by a cross bar in the middle of which are mounted
two rolls. Between the latter works a cam. on a cam disc which by a pin therein
and a crank or "carrier" is rotated from the working spindle, the crank or carrier..
being mounted on the pin of the aforesaid crank for imparting the up and down..
motion of the carriage.
In this manner each pair of rollers will as required open when it is to ascend and
close when it is to descend. It is to be noted that the carrier must have an oblong
slot for the pin of the cam disc to work in when the axis of the cam disc does not
coincide with the axis of the pin of the crank for the up and down motion.
To vary the turning of the roller levers the cam disc may be made to shift

page_text: laterally for which purpose its fulcrum pin or spindle is adjustable, by means of a
lever and screw.
In order that the pairs of rollers may be sufficiently yielding they are made of
india-rubber or the likes and their end gudgeons, work in oblong transverse slots in
their levers, springs being provided in connection with the gudgeons so as to press
the rollers in each pair together with a suitable pressure.
As it is important in the milking that the pairs of rollers should not work down
beyond the ends of the teats but merely towards the ends of same it is often
desirable to bo able to adjust the vertical movements of the rollers according to
the length of the teats. For this, purpose the distance of the crank pin from the
spindle centre may be made adjustable or variable. This may be effected by means
of a slot in the crank, and a block with adjusting screw.
The aforesaid upper plate of the machine will then have to be adjustable, for
instance by its side connections to the box being formed with slots and made to fix
by set screws passing through the same, and by guide or steady pins.
As experiments have proved that it is advisable to make the elastic rollers larger
than the space between the teats and their length generally admit, I may for the
rollers substitute segments of rollers and make them to turn on axes close to their
eurface. The segment radius is then made very large, and the segments are made
to turn mechanically towards each other and away from each other in the opposite
direction, the vertical motion being omitted. They first with their upper parts
squeeze the upper part of the teats, then gradually with their middle part the
middle of the teats and then with their lower part the lower part (not the very
ends) of the teats, and are then made to move apart.
"To obtain these motions by turning a handle, the gudgeons of the segments may
be mounted in blocks capable of working laterally in guides provided in' frames.
At each end of the working spindle are fixed two eccentrics which by eccentric
straps and rods are connected to the roller segments of one pair so that a back and
for and at the same time oscillating motion is given to them.
When two pairs of roller segments are used 1 employ by preference only
eccentrics for working one pair and drive the other, pair by cross bars and con-
necting rods therefrom, and so that the segments in one pair approach each other
while the segments in the other pair recede from each other and vice versa.
The elastic segments may be made hollow and of tinned steel and may on the
acting side be provided with a layer of rubber.
Dated this 13th day of July 1801
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
i
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Milking Machines.
I, JENS NIELSEN of 5 Raadhusstroede, Copenhagen, Denmark, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
he performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Machines constructed according to this invention work on the same principle as
that used in hand milking, the two fingers used in the latter for taking hold of the
texts being superseded by two elastic and feathering roller segments having a
rocking movement and an approaching and receding movement" whereby the
milking is rendered even more gentle than by hand. The machine may further be
made to milk all four teats simultaneously thus doubling the speed of milking. The
machines may also be adjusted according to the length of the teats.
It is most suitable to arrange such roller segments' in pairs," but one such
segment may also be used in combination with a rocking segment not having a
backward and forward movement. The various working positions of such a

page_text: segment pair is shewn in Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawings. Fig. 1 shews the initial
position wherein the roller segments squeeze the teat at its upper end or root.
They then roll down along the teat and assume the position in Fig. 2, and then in
Fig. 3. They then recede from each other to the position Fig. 4 and then approach
each other again and take the position Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is an end view and Fig. 6 & plan section on line C C. of a machine with
two pairs of rocking segments receiving also backward and forward motion. Both
sides of the machine are alike. hence only half of it is shewn in Fig. 6.
To obtain the motions of the segments by turning a handle a on a spindle a³,
the gudgeons are mounted in blocks ³, capable of working, laterally in guides, m²
provided in frames m² which are held apart by cross bolts, m³ and form bearings for
the spindle a. At each end of the spindle a, are fixed two eccentrics al a³ which
by eccentric straps and rods and are connected to the segments of one pair, so
that a back and forth and at the same time oscillating motion is given to them.
As both ends of the machine, are best made alike I provide each segment, with two
eccentrics one at each end of the spindle a. The two eccentrics a' and a' at the
same end of the spindle which each belongs to its segment are placed at an angle
of 180° to each other and alike at each end. Thus the eccentrics will by turning
of the spindle a make the segments recede from and approach each other and also
impart to them the rocking motion required for milking.
When two pairs of roller segments are used as shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 for
simultaneous milking of two pair of teats only one pair is provided with eccentrics,
as described and I drive the other pair by cross bars d' d', fixed on the end gudgeons
of the second pair of segments and by connecting rods d³ and d' from the eccentrics
which for this purpose are made of a triangular shape as shewn, so that the
rods d³d with it and the cross pieces d' d' from parallel connections whoreby-the
segments of one seginent pair are always kept parallel with those of the other pair,
and so that the segments in one pair approach each other while the segments in the
other pair recede from each other and vice versa.
The segments are of course elastic. In the sectional view Fig. 7 is shewn as
an example a construction the sume as in Figs. 5 and 6 consisting of a bent
elastic piece of sheet steel which at the back by means of strip O and screws
is fixed to the back of a square rod g having turned end gudgeons . The
front side of the segment is covered with a layer of rubber *.
Fig. 8 shews a machine similar to Figs. 5 and 6, but with the outer segments
arranged to be worked backwards and forwards and to be rocked, while the inner
segments are only rocked. The motion of the outer segments is effected by the
same means as in Figs. 5 and 6, that is to say by the eccentrics a' on the spindle a³,
the eccentric pieces 6', the cross pieces d' on the gudgeons of one segment and the
connecting rods d and guide slots m¹ for the blocks on the segment. The inner
segments are merely rocked by mechanism on one side of the machine where there
is no working handle. This mechanism consists as to one segment of an eccentric a
on the spindle a and the fork piece 6 which is fixed to one of the gudgeons b³ of
the segment which in this case is carried in the side part m² of the machine frame.
For the second segment the mechanism is formed by the crank a" and the fork
rod on one gudgeon of the segment. The crank a and the eccentric a' are at
an angle of 180° to each other and so arranged that the corresponding segments
always come parallel with each other while rocking and thus rock equally much.
In order that the segments may be easily drawn apart for introducing the teat
between them, the gudgeon h³ of one of the inner segments has its bearing in a
lever vl, which is arranged on the inner side of side pieces m² of the machine and
turns on a rivot v' guide slots being provided in m' for the gudgeons. The
lower ends of the levers are connected by a cross piece having a hook v³
which when the segment is brought to its place in the machine takes into a cross
bar m³ in the framing or housing of the machine. In order to give the segment in
question greater freedom of motion the spindle a has its bearings, as, near as
possible to the second of the inner segments. When the teata are to be brought
:

page_text: into the machine the segments are by turning the spindle a³ by the handle brought
to the position shewn in the drawing or thereabouts; the hook is detached and
the segment thus freed turned back towards the spindle.o³.
The
Fig. 9 shews a similar machine wherein, also only the one segment of each
segment pair is reciprocated as well as rocked but in this case it is the inner
segments that have these motions, while the outer ones merely rock.
inner segments are moved in the same manner as above described, wherefore the
parts aro lettered to correspond with those in Fig. 5.
The rocking of the outer segments is here effected by two eccentrics a¹ and a on
the spindle a and two fork pieces and which embrace the eccentrics a* and a
and are fixed on the gudgeons of the segments in question.
The eccentrics as well as the fork pieces may be arranged on one side or the
other of the machine. For the sake of clearness they are shewn in chain lines.
For separating the segments when the teats are to be put in the outer segment
gudgeons have their bearings in the projecting lugs y of the end pieces m³ in the
framing or housing of the machine and in holes in the side pieces m³. The end
pieces m can turn on the cross bars m³ between the side pieces and by a
prolongation and gudgeon on a nut m connected to a spindle m' having right and
left hand screw thread and provided with handle m³ for turning it, whereby. the
two end pieces m' with the outer segments can be moved out and again be moved
back into the position shewn. According as the teats are hard or soft the segments
must be adjusted accordingly so as to during the motion quite approach cach other
or to leave a small space between their surfaces. A similar adjustment may of
course be applied in the construction shewn in Fig. 8 for the detachable segment:
In all the three constructions shewn and described the rocking motion of one
segment in each pair may be done away with. The segment may then advan-
tageously be exchanged for a flat cushion.
In all machines the housing or framing of the machine is advantageously covered
by a plate m Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 which may be bent more or less according to
the form of the udder and which has two oblong holes t', each for two teats or four
large or small round holes tone for each teat. If the teats from any cause are
specially tender or irritated the said holes may as shewn in Fig. 11 be surrounded
with cloth curtains which come between the teats and the segments.
The guides ml in the side pieces m² of the machine for the blocks /³ to work in
which form bearings for the gudgeons of the reciprocating segments, may not only
as shewn in Figs. 5, 8 and 9 be straight and horizontal but also curved according
to a small or large radius and more or less slanting as practice may require it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is,
1. In milking machines the application and use of rocking segments for
squeezing the teats, the gudgeons of such segments being adapted to be slided
away from and towards the teats so that the point of contact of the teats with the
segments during the motion of the latter travels from above downwards until the
tents are relieved of the pressure of the segments.
2. In milking machines the arrangement of segments in pairs for compressing
the teats between the segments of such a pair as described with reference to Figs. 5
and 6:
3. In milking machines the application of use of segments acting as firstly claimed
in combination with segments which only rock but do not also travel there and back
so that the teat is squeezed between segments of each kind, as described with
reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
4. In machines as firstly secondly and thirdly claimed the substitution for one of
the segments in one pair of segments of a nearly flat cushion which may either be
stationary or travel there and back during the milking so that the teat is squeezed
between one such cushion and one such segment.

page_text: 5. The moving of the segments as firstly claimed by means of crank pins or
eccentrics: a and a² on a common spindle and eccentric pieces and 6 which are
rigidly connected to the segments.
6. The moving of the thirdly claimed rocking but not there and back travelling
segments by means of cranks or eccentrics on the. spindle named in Claim 5.and
fork pieces which are fixed to the segment gudgeons and embrace the crank pins or
eccentrics as described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
7. The connecting of the segments with each other by means of parallellagram
connections, dª d¹and.b³, d, d' as described' with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.
8. The application of rocking but not there and back travelling segments to parts
which can turn such for instance as the levers v¹, Fig. 8 or the end pieces m Fig. 9
(in order that the teat may be introduced) in combination with a screw such as n
in Fig. 9 which acts upon a prolongation of the said end' pieces or levers m, whereby
one segment can be adjusted to approach the other segment more or less during the
motion..
9. The construction of segment described with reference to Fig. 7.
10: The cover which is formed more or less ito correspond with the udder and
which has holes tort for the teats and which may be provided with cloths or hose
for protecting the teats as described with reference to Figs. 10 and 11.
Dated this 2nd day of
1001
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.