Improved Heating Apparatus with Lamp Stoves.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 8th Feb.,
1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Heating Apparatus with Lamp Stoves.
I, EMIL STRAUSS, of 31 Eisenbahnstrasse Berlin, Prussia, Model maker, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object a rapid, convenient, and cheap mode of heating
different localities or spaces, including carriages, as also a very advantageous mode
of heating of liquids, by means of lamps, the combustion gases from the said lamp or
lamps that serve to produce the heat being made to pass through the said localities
or liquids in such a manner as to impart their heat to the air or liquid in the most
perfect manner possible.
For this purpose, receptacles of any desired form can be provided with tubes or
pipes serving as chimney flues to the lamp burners or these tubes or pipos can be
passed through the space to be heated so as to radiate the heat given off by the com-
bustion gases into the surrounding space.
In applying the invention in the simplest possible manner to an apparatus for
boiling water, there is placed over the burner and oil reservoir, in place of the
ordinary lamp glass, an annular metal vessel with double sides which contains the
liquid to be heated, the combustion gases being made to pass up through the central
space of the vessel which corresponds to the ordinary lamp chimney. The radiated
hent is consequently transmitted through the inner wall of the vessel to the liquid,
such inner wall being made to extend somewhat below the bottom of the vessel and to
fit round the burner.
A heater for liquids of similar construction with discharge cock and of any desired
cross section of oval or other shape, particularly suited for heating shaving water for
barbers, is also provided with a base containing the burner and a chimney flue with
restricted section at one point like all lamp chimnies.
For obtaining increased heating powers, two or more lamp burners may be used.
The draught chimnies or flues may be extended through the liquid for increasing the
heating surface, according to the size of the burners.
Such tubular flues for the heating gases may also be arranged at an angle to the
vertical, or be formed with bends or otherwise for the more perfect utilisation of the
heat, while affording the requisite draught for combustion.
Heating apparatus of similar construction may be applied to baths and the like.
In this case a heating chamber is formed at one end of the bath in which one or more
draught flues are fixed. These draught Blues, which are best adapted for two burners,
may either open directly into the atmosphere above the heating chamber, or, for
increasing the heating effect, they may be connected to other flue pipes running
along the sides, or other convenient points of the bath. To the heating chamber is
then connected the reservoir for the liquid fuel together with the burners, preferably
by means of a bayonet-joint or similar fastening, the chimney flue being made to
extend down into the heating chamber so as to fit on to the burner like an ordinary
lamp chimney.
It is desirable to effect the heating of the chimney and other flues, that are
surrounded by cold water, rapidly at the commencement in order to produce the
necessary draught; for this purpose the flue is surrounded by a cylinder for temporarily
isolating it from the water.
Such lamp stoves with heat-radiating flues and with or without water jackets, are
also applied with advantage in many cases for heating localities, such for instance as
shop windows and the like, or they may be applied in vehicles, such for instance as
tramway cars, where a sufficient number of burners may be applied below the floor,

page_text: and the hoating Blues arranged either also beneath the floor, or at the sides of the car,
and mado to rise up at one point and pass through the roof or other part. The lamp
burners beneath the floor are provided with suitable reservoirs for the liquid fuel, and
are so arranged as to afford the requisite air supply thereto.
Dated this 8th day of February 1889.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Heating Apparatus with Lamp Stoves.
I, EMIL STRAPss, of 81 Eisenbahn-Strasse, Berlin, Prussia, Model Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to bo
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object a rapid, convenient and cheap mode of heating
carriages in which any danger is excluded and which requires only a small space,
the heating effect being not materially prejudiced by the jolting movements
during the journey.
My invention is based upon the principle of conducting the combustion gases
from one or more conveniently arranged Lamp burners in suitable flues passing along
the space to he heated in such a manner that they impart their heat to the said
space or to the walls of the same as advantageously and completely as
possible.
The two accompanying sheets of drawings show the new heating apparatus for
tramway cars of medium size.
As is generally known, a good heating apparatus for tramway cars answering all
requirements in practice has not yet been invented. The requirements for satisfying
all desired purposes are indeed very numerous. The whole carriage being of a con-
struction which is as light as possible, the use of any heavy heating apparatus is
excluded; there is furthermore only a small space disposable for applying the heating
apparatus, as the floor is only at a short distance above the ground, and the brake rod
renders the application of a heating apparatus very difficult. Any danger of fire
must be absolutely excluded, and notwithstanding the more or less quick running and
the shocks which are often very violent during the trip, the heating power must
remain always a uniformly good one. The whole arrangement must be cheap, tho
maintenance in proper action of the apparatus must be easy and sure, and finally the
heating effect must be easily regulated.
The heating apparatus which forms the object of this invention, answers fully all
these requirements.
Of greatest importance during the winter season is the heating of the floor, as tho
inner space of the vehicle is kept in a sufficiently warm condition by the heat radiating
from the persons in the carriage.
This arrangement is shown in Figs. 3 to 5 of the accompanying drawings.
When using an oil gas burner of considerable heating power such as is shown in
Fig. 1, it will be sufficient to employ under normal conditions, only one heating
source, namely at B. Beneath the floor of the car is arranged a suitable lamp burner
which is enclosed by a double protective box K K made of sheet iron, and allowing
air to pass through as shown in the enlarged section at Fig. 1.
From this box K the combustion gases are conducted through an upward extending
Hue into a very flat heating flue m, through which they pass, escaping eventually at a
suitable place into the open air. The burner B is advantageously arranged in the
middle transverse plane of the car, but sideways from the longitudinal axis of the
latter, so that it will be readily accessible.
For the latter purpose the protective box is provided on its sido with a flap door as
indicated at Fig. 5.

page_text: Directly upon the top of the said box is adapted the draught flue for the combustion
gases of the lamp, extending obliquely upwards towards the middle of the car; it
passus then through the floor and opens at n into the heating flucs m.
As the upward extending draught flue is in the open air and the gases passing
through must retain their heat as completely as possible, it is advantageous to surround
the said flue with an isolating envelope and to close the free space between the two
pipe-walls at its lower end by means of a ring.
The heating flue m is made of sheet metal; preferably for the sake of cheapnoss of
sheet iron or cnst iron.
It is arranged directly below the flooring boards p as at Fig. 5 in the longitudinal
direction of the car and its width is nearly equal to the free space between the two
sets of sents.
The heating flue is placed by preference upon the floor of the car, but when it is
arranged within the latter, its lower wall must be furnished with a heat protective
mass for obviating any loss of heat, or cooling, from below.
The heating gases flow in this flat flue from the middle n towards both ends and
they give off their heat to the walls of the flue so that there is beneath the flooring
boards always an uninterrupted radiation of heat.
The combustion gases then leave the heating flue in a cooled state and they escape
either at m into the wheel case or at m³ through the roof or at any other suitable
place into the open air.
When the car requires a larger quantity of heat, two or more heating lamps may
be used, which are arranged either in the transverse middle plane of the car, one
opposite the other, or in two or more corners, or in any other suitable manner.
All the combustion gases of these lamps are then led either into the same heating
flue or into separate flies by which the floor is heated.
The mechanical effect and the construction of the lamp is of great importance for
the good working of my novel heating (device.
In the first place oil gas burners are to be employed, and the gas to be burned is
obtained either by heating petroleum or by forcing an air current through an essential
oil. The two modes are advantageous principally hecause on the one hand they
require only a small space for producing an intense heat and are not materially
influenced by shocks and require only little attendance, and because on the other
hand the air pressure required can very easily be produced, for instance by means of
an air pump actuated by the axle of the car.
Fig. 1 shows a lamp of the first kind particularly suitable for tramway cars and
offering the peculiar advantage that it only projects to a moderate extent, so that it
can be applied to any car without any difficulty.
The burner B is applied to the receptacle A containing the liquid fuel (petrolenm
or the like). The receptacle A has a stoppered opening a for introducing the
petroleum etc., and a second stoppered opening 6 for forcing in air. The receptacle
is furnished furthermore with an elastic cover so that a pressure above the atmo-
spheric pressure produced above the liquid surface can be maintained during a longer
time than with a rigid cover.
An ascension pipe d extending nearly to the bottom of the receptacle is introduced
into the latter in an air-tight manner; the portion outside the receptacle of the pipe d
forms the head of the burner.
i
The upper end of the pipe d is curved and a cup-shaped head piece e is inserted
the pipe is provided at with a fine upward extending discharge opening. Under
the burner head a cup g for preparatory heating and for receiving spirit or other
readily combustible substances is arranged.
When an air pressure above the atmospheric pressure is produced over the
surface of the petroleum, the latter rises upwards in the pipe d, passes through the
head piece e and the coil d', escapes then at, and burns.
In order to put the heating apparatus at work, the cup g is filled with spirit or the

page_text: like, the latter is kindled so that the whole burner head will be heated. Tho
petroleum passing through will very quickly be heated to a high temperature and
after a short preparatory heating it will escape in n gaseous state. After the contents
of cup have been burnt, the flaine produced at will be of sufficient intensity for
heating the burner head so that the petroleum will continuously be gasified.
The head piece has for its purpose not only to offer an efficient and very large
heating surface to the liquid fuel contained therein, but it also causes the heating
flame to be spread at the same time, so that the requisite air for the complete com-
bustion of the petroleum is supplied to the flame. A great heating power is thus
assured, and the pro inction of lamp-sout and bad odour are obvinted.
The lamp is placed into a protective box or case K provided with openings in its
side walls for admitting the requisito air for combustion.
The box K may he surrounded again by an isolating envelope K' allowing the
combustion air to flow from below between the vertical walls K K¹.
The second envelope prevents dust and dirt from penetrating into the box; it
also serves as a shelter against too violent an air current produced when the car
is running very quickly; it offers furthermore the advantage that the air entering
from below is somewhat heated in the space between K and K' so that it does not
arrive at the burner flame in a cold state.
To avoid any danger of fire or explosion which may he produced by the flame,
the whole burner head is separated from the petroleum receptuele by arranging the
former only in the box and by separating it from the receptiele by the bottom of
the box K, as shown at Figs. 1, 1 and 5.
The inner space of the protective box K is accessible through a door i for kindling
the flame. Owing to the elastic cover of the receptacle, "it will be sufficient to
renew the pressure in the receptacle A after some hours.
This may be done simply by hand by means of small bellows adapted to the
opening b. By a suitable stoppered opening, the air pressure in the receptacle
may be allowed to escape at will, in order to extinguish the lane if desire 1.
A continuously acting pressure for forcing out oil may be attained by arranging
the receptacle in a raised position and by connecting it by means of a long conduit
with the burner in the protective box.
.
The heating flam may be regulated by means of a needle or plug adjustable in
the pipe or by a cock arranged in the connecting pipe.
As there is no soot and the heating flues do not require any cleaning, the
manipulation of the heating apparatus is very simple, and consists of maintaining
one or more lamps in a good state. lu the morning, or shortly before the first
departure of the car the receptacle is filled with oil and an air pressure is produced
by means of small bellows or the like, which pressure acts during several hours
owing to the elastic cover. Spirit is poured at the same time into the cup g and
then kindled and after a very short time the burner produces a very hoi blue flame.
The beating then continues automatically the air pressure being restored again in
the receptacle at intervals of from 2 to 3 hours. The quantity of liquid fuel contained
in a receptacle of medium size will be sufficient for one day. The periodical renewal
of the air pressure in the oil reservoir may be dispensed with, if as above mentioned,
the latter is arranged at a sufficiently elevated place above the burner B, for instance
upon the roof of the carriage.
The heat may be regulated from the inner space of the car by a suitable trans-
mission or by preference from without by varying the quantity of oil supplied to the
burner by means of an adjustable plug or by means of a cock. The flame may also
be oxamined by the attendants during the trip by raising a flap arranged in the floor,
whereupon the flame becomes visible through a transparent pane of glass inserted into
the upward extending flue.
In using more burners the arrangement can be made in such a manner that during
winter in fine weather, or in spring and autumn only one or two lamps are employed,

page_text: while in unfavourable weather, beavy snow fall, very intense cold or also when the
door of the carriage is very often opened, more lamps are used in the above indicated
vory simple way.
If it is desired to heat the whole space by special heating devices, heating channels
leading off the combustion gases from special burners may be arranged beneath the
seats; this arrangement is shewn in Fig. 2.
A burner B is arranged at the middle of each seat beneath the floor. The heating
gases are led upwards nearly up to the seat where they pass to both sides, then flow
through the hoat radiating passages m under the seat and escape finally in a cooled
state at m¹ into the wheel box, or they may pass at m² through the roof.
In lieu of the above described burner any other construction having a sufficient
heating power may be used, such as an oil gas burner, in which the gas is produced
not by heating petroleum but in the cold way. This is done in a vessel shown in
Fig. 6.
The vessel C contains by preference a volatile oil such as benzene. If condensed
air is introduced through the pipe r opening at the bottom of the vessel and this air
penetrates through the liquid, a considerable dilution of the liquid fuel will continuously
take place. The latter escapes from the vessel as oil gas and already mixed with air
through the pipe s opening above the surface of the liquid in order to be conducted
through a pipe to the burner whore, in burning, it produces a considerable heat.
The continuous pressure to be introduced through pipe is obtained by putting the
latter in connection with an air vessel to be applied to the car.
This air vessel may
be arranged either on the roof or on the bottom of the car and be fed by means of a
small air pump which is in connection with one of the axles and actuated by the
revolution of the latter.
The air vessel is provided with a safety valve, blowing off when there is sufficient
pressure and the pump requires to be stopped.
If there is led from the oil reservoir Ca second gas pipe starting from above the
surface of the liquid to a burner for one or more lighting flames, heating as well as
lighting may be effected by means of one air vessel connected with a pump and of one
oil reservoir.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A heating device for tramway cars and other vehicles characterised by the
arrangement of one or more oil gas burners B or other suitable lamp burners having
a high beating power, these burners being disposed beneath the floor of the vehicle in
protective boxes or cases K, the combustion gases of which burners flow upwards
through flues applied to these cases and then through heating flues or passages m
arranged beneath the flooring boards and, if required, under the seats, and after giving
off the greater portion of their heat, eventually escaping at suitable places into the
open air, substantially as set forth and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
2. In the heating device for vehicles referred to in the preceding claim the
arrangement of an isolating envelope K' round the protective box K, allowing
the air to pass through the intermediate space between K K' open at its lower end for
the purpose of heating previously the entering air and of preventing dirt and violent
air currents from penetrating into the box; also the application of an isolating
envelope round the exterior flue closed at its lower end so as to protect the gases
against cooling, substantially as above described and shewn in the accompanying
drawings.
3. In the healing apparatus referred to in the first claim the application of oil gas
burners, the gas for which is produced by forcing oil through a coil heated by the
flame of the burner or by forcing condensed air through a highly volatile oil and
maintaining the increased air pressure over the oil surface, flames for lighting
purposes being at the same time supplied from the oil gas producer and the requisite

page_text: condensed air arriving from the air vessel arranged on the vehicle, the air vessel
being fed according to requiremonts by an air pump netuated by the revolving
axle of the carriago, substantially as set forth and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
1 GAL
500
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.