IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING BUTTER, TO BE CALLED A. WILLARD'S BUTTER MACHINE
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Asa Willard, of Saint John, in the Province of
New Brunswick, British North America, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING BUTTER, TO BE
CALLED A. WILLARD'S BUTTER MACHINE.""
Sealed the 11th May 1858, and dated the 23d February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Asa Willard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28d February 1858.
I, ASA WILLARD, of Saint John, in the Province of New Brunswick,
British North America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING BUTTER, TO BE
CALLED 'A. WILLARD'S BUTTER MACHINE,'" to be as follows:-
Figure 1, of the annexed drawings is a vertical and transverse section
of the interior of the receiver for containing the cream and the dasher
therein, which dasher is the principal subject of my Invention.
Figure 2, represents the same dasher in perspective on a smaller
scale, showing all the material parts thereof.

page_text: Figures 3, and 4, exhibit the macamery by when the dasher is
turned and removed.
In Figure 1, A, represents the reservoir for containing the cream;
the bottom and sides a, of the said reservoir being made in its cross
section in the form of the arc of a circle, in order to adapt it to the
revolving dasher B; the bottom and sides are formed of thin sheet
metal, and surrounded by a space C, in which cold or warm water may
be put for the purpose of either increasing or diminishing the tempe-
rature of the cream, and (when churned) the butter, at pleasure.
The water-chamber C, is provided with one or more lids or
doors b, c, placed on its upper part; and it also has a discharge
tap d, extending out of its lower part. The main reservoir has also
a discharge tap x. Each head of the dasher is composed of two
bars e, f, which, instead of being arranged to cross cach other at right
angles, are made to do so at acute angles and obtuse angles. They
are connected together by two or more cross bars g, h, extended from
one head D, to the other E; the two ends of each of the bars e, e, of
each head are curved in opposite directions, and made to support curved.
floats i, k, whose transverse curve or shape is shewn in Figures 1,
and 2. They are curved in this manner in order to force the cream
towards the centre of the machine during the revolutions of the dasher
in the direction of the arrow, and also to aid in separating the butter
from the butter-milk, and gathering the former together when the
dasher is revolved in the opposite direction. A moveable float H, I, is
also applied to each float i, k, in the position shewn in Figure 1, it
being hinged or jointed to the heads in such manner as to be capable
of either assuming and maintaining the position seen at H, when open,
or I, when shut. These moveable floats, when open, and while the
dasher is revolved in the direction denoted by the arrow, divert the
currents of cream set in motion by the curved floats i, k, or changes
their directions so as to produce thorough and effective agitation and
oxygenation of the cream. The front or extreme outer surface or edge
of each float i, k, is curved longitudinally, as seen at m, n, o. The
object of each curve will be hereafter explained. The bars f, f, of
the dasher serve to support the two revolving fluted rollers R, S, which a

page_text: should be so connected to the bars as to be capable of a free revolution
on their axes. They are fluted longitudinally, and the flutings
should be made either of an unequal size in cross section, that is, of an
unequal with at the chords of the curves in each individual roller,
or each individual flute may be the same in its respective roller, but
different in size and number from those of the opposite roller, supported
by the other ends of the bars; the number of flutes may vary from
five to seven. While these fluted rollers serve to agitate the cream, they
are also for the purpose of scoring or indenting the butter when laid
upon the curved bottom of the machine, and working the salt into it,
while the dasher is rotated in a direction the reverse of that exhibited
by the arrow. While each of them thus throws it into ridges, the outer
curved surface of the succeeding floats i, or k, on being immediately
afterwards brought into contact with the butter, smooths down or takes
out such ridges; and in consequence of the longitudinal curve of the
floats, a gathering of the butter will take place in such manner as to
leave the butter crowning in the middle. The extreme ends of one of
the floats i, or k, should be made to run nearly, but not quite, in contact
with the curved bottom of the machine, while the middle of each
float, in consequence of such longitudinal curve, moves at a greater
distance from the bottom and sides. The object of such longitudinal
curve is to prevent the butter from gathering on and adhering to the
ends of the cream reservoir, as well as on the dasher. The layer of
butter is thus curved or thrown up gradually from its ends towards its
middle. Thus it will be seen that by the conjoint action of the fluted
rollers and the floats the butter is wrought or made to move in two
opposite directions while it is spread on the bottom of the machine; and
this peculiar operation most thoroughly and effectually commingles the
salt with it. By placing each fluted roller as near as can be to the
outer curved surface of the curved float i, or k, without interference with
the opening of the moveable or hinged float of such fixed float, the
distance between such roller and the other float is greater than it would
be were the arms of each of the dasher heads arranged at right angles
to one another; consequently, after the spreading action of each float
on the butter a greater spread or surface of the butter is exposed to the

page_text: salt solution before the action of the fluted roller takes place than there
would be were the arms arranged at right angles to one another, or, in
other words, were each of the fluted rollers placed equi-distant between
the two floats i, k. The two ears or plates F, represent metal plates
screwed and let in to the outside of the bars c, to receive the ends of
pins or rods on which the moveable floats work, which plates may be
dispensed with by having projections on the wood. The central circle P,
represents one of two plates of metal screwed and let into the outside
of the cross bars to strengthen their junction, and receive in a central
circular socket a circular pin, as shown at L, Figure 4, on which one
side of the dasher revolves. The other plate on the opposite end of the
dasher receives a central square socket, the square end or key of the
shaft V, as seen in Figure 8, which shaft V, communicates the required
motion to the dasher. The dasher being revolved by means of a crank-
wheel U, Figure 3, attached to one end of the shaft V, keyed into one
end or head of the dasher, as before described, which shaft passes
through and turns in a bearing Y, Figure 8, in the side of the
reservoir.
Figures 3, and 4, represent the machinery (as it appears when taken
apart) for revolving the dasher, and for removing the same, when
required, from the reservoir A; T, the handle, turns the crank-
wheel U, and also the shaft V, M, N, O, attached to it, of which O,
is the key, N, the journal, and M, the collar. Y, represents the ex-
terior of the bearing attached to and inserted in Z; the side of the re-
servoir A, in which the said shaft or axle revolves when the machine
is worked. In said bearing there is a recess or chamber corresponding
with the collar M, to prevent leakage, which collar is kept and sup-
ported in said chamber by means of the stuffing-box W, being screwed
on to the outside of the said bearing Y.
By means of this machine butter can be manufactured from cream,
the butter-milk thoroughly worked out, and the butter salted, and
afterwards gathered up, without any necessity for touching the butter
-by the hand.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Asa Willard, in the Great Seal Patent Office, on
the 23d August 1853.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
Asa Willard, of Saint John, in the Province of New Brunswick,
British North America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Asa Willard, Her special licence that
I, the said Asa Willard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Asa Willard, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
MANUFACTURING BUTTER, TO BE CALLED 'A. WILLARD'S BUTTER MACHINE,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Asa Willard, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
13
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Asa Willard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the drawings
annexed, that is to say:
Figure 1, of the annexed drawings is a vertical transverse section of
the interior of the receiver, for containing the cream and the dasher
therein, which dasher is the principal subject of my Invention; Figure 2,
a longitudinal section of the machine in its complete state. In Figures

page_text: 1, and 2, A, represents the reservoir for containing the cream; the
bottom and sides a, of the said reservoir being made in its cross section
in the form of the arc of a circle, in order to adapt it to the revolving
dasher B; the bottom and sides are formed of thin sheet metal, and
surrounded by a space C, in which cold or warm water may be put, for
the purpose of either increasing or diminishing the temperature of the
cream and (when churned) the butter at pleasure. The water-chamber
'C, is provided with one or more lids or doors, b, c, placed on its upper
part; and it also has a discharge tap d, extending out of its lower part.
The main reservoir has also a discharge tap, x. Each head of the
dasher is composed of two bars, e, f, which, instead of being arranged
to cross each other at right angles, are made to do so at acute angles
and obtuse angles; they are connected together by two or more cross-
bars, g, h, extended from one head D, to the other E. The two ends of
each of the bars e, e, of cach head are curved in opposite directions,
and made to support curved floats, i, k, whose transverse curve-or shape
is shown in Figures 1, and 2. They are curved in this manner in
order to force the cream towards the centre of the machine during the
revolutions of the dasher, in the direction of the arrow, and also to aid
in separating the butter from the butter-milk, and gathering the former
together when the dasher is rotated in the opposite direction. A move-
able float H, I, is also applied to cach float i, k, in the position shewn
in Figure 1, it being hinged or jointed to the heads in such manner as
to be capable of either assuming and maintaining the position seen in
HI, when open, or I, when shut. These moveable floats, when open,
and while the dasher is revolved in the direction described by the
arrow, divert the currents of cream set in motion by the curved floats
i, k, or change their directions, so as to produce thorough and effective
agitation and oxygenation of the cream. The front or extreme outer
surface or edge of each float, i, k, is curved longitudinally, as seen, the
object of which curve will be hereafter explained. The bars f, f, of the
dasher serve to support the two revolving fluted rollers R, S, which
should be so connected to the bars as to be capable of a free revolution
on their axis; they are fluted longitudinally, and the flutings should be
made either of an unequal size in cross section, that is, of an unequal

page_text: width at the chords of the curves in each individual roller, or each
individual flute may be the same in its respective roller, but different
in size and number from those of the opposite roiler supported by the
other ends of the bars. The number of flutes may vary from five to
seven. While these fluted rollers serve to agitate the cream, they aro
also for the purpose of scoring or indenting the butter, when laid upon
the curved bottom of the machine, and working the salt into it, while
the dasher is rotated in a direction the reverse of that exhibited by the
arrow. While each of them thus throws it into ridges, the outer curved
surface of the succeeding floats i, or k, on being immediately afterwards
brought into contact with the butter, smooths down or takes out such
ridges; and, in consequence of the longitudinal curve of the floats, a
gathering of the butter will take place in such manner as to leave the
butter crowning in the middle. The extreme ends of one of the floats
i, or k, should be made to run nearly, but not quite, in contact with
the curved bottom of the machine, whilo the middle of cach float, in
consequence of such longitudinal curve, moves at a greater distance
from the bottom and sides. The object of such longitudinal curve is
to prevent the butter from gathering on and adhering to the ends of
the cream reservoir, as well as on the dasher; the layer of butter is thus
curved, or thrown up gradually, from its ends towards its middle.
Thus it will be seen that by the conjoint action of the fluted rollers and
the floats, the butter is wrought or made to move in two opposite
directions, while it is spread on the bottom of the machine, and this
peculiar operation most thoroughly and effectually commingles the salt
with it. By placing each fluted roller as near as can be to the outer
curved surface of the curved float i, or k, without interference with the
opening of the moveable or hinged float of such fixed float, the distance
between such roller and the other float is greater than it would be were
the arms of each of the dasher-heads arranged at right angles to one
another; consequently, after the spreading action of each float on the
butter, a greater spread or surface of the butter is exposed to the salt
solution before the action of the fluted roller takes place than there
would he were the arms arranged at right angles to one another; or,
in other words, were each of the fluted rollers placed equi-distant

page_text: between the two floats i, k. The two ears or plates F, represent metal
plates screwed and let in to the outside of the bars e, to receive the
ends of pins or rods, on which the moveable floats work, which plates
may be dispensed with by having projections in the wood. The central
circle P, represents one of two plates of metal screwed and let in to the
outside of the cross-bars to strengthen their junction, and receive in a
central circular socket a circular pin shown at L, Figure 2, on which
one side of the dasher revolves. The other plate, at the opposite end
of the dasher, receives in a central square socket the square end or key
of the shaft V, as seen in Fig. 2, which shaft V, communicates the
required motion to the dasher, the dasher being made to revolve
by means of a crank-wheel U, attached to one end of the shaft V,
keyed into one end or head of the dasher, as before described, which
shaft posses through and turns in a bearing Y, on the side of the
reservoir.
Figures 3, and 4, represent the machinery (as it appears when
taken apart) for causing the dasher to revolve, and for removing the
same, when required, from the reservoir A. T, the handle turns the
crank-wheel U, and also the shaft V, M, N, O, attached to it, of which
O, is the key, N, the journal, and M, the collar. Y, represents the
exterior of the bearing attached to and inserted in Z, the side of the
reservoir A, in which the said shaft or axle revolves when the machine
is worked. In said bearing there is a recess or chamber corresponding
with the collar M, to prevent leakage, which collar is kept and sup-
ported in said chamber by means of the stuffing-box W, being screwed
on to the outside of the said bearing Y.
By means of this machine butter can be manufactured from cream,
the butter-milk thoroughly worked out, and the butter salted, and
afterwards gathered up, without any necessity for touching the butter
by the hand,
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the combination of one or more fluted rollers R, S, with one
or more floats i, k, to operate so as not only to aid in the process of
separating the butter from the cream or butter-milk, but afterwards,

page_text: and when the motion of the dasher is reversed, to throw into ridges the
butter spread on the bottom by the floats.
Second, I claim the giving a longitudinal hollow or curve to the
external surface of each float i, k, for the purpose of gathering the spread
butter towards its centre, and preventing the butter from adhering to
the ends of the reservoir, as specified.
And, third, I claim as my Invention the stuffing-box, bearing sockets,
pin, and shaft, represented in Figures 3, and 4, as connected with said
crank-wheel, as the peculiar mode of giving motion to the dasher, the
latter being thereby easily placed in and removed from the reservoirs
and conveniently worked without any leakage, all as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Asa Willard, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
ASA WILLARD.
(L.8.)