IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC TERRY WEB
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Swann Senior of Toll Street Derby Road
Nottingham for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ELASTIC TERRY WEB
دو
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Swann, Senior, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1882.
JOHN SWANN, Senior of Toll Street Derby Road, Nottingham
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC TERRY WEB ""
"IMPROVE
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of elastic
terry web.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted. to W. E. Jefferson on the
28th day of May N° 2131 in the year 1878 was described the making in a double
shuttle loom an elastic fabric in which the back of the fabric was formed by terry
loops of back warps. which were tied into the fabric by the back weft only and the
face was formed of face warps tied into the fabric both by the face weft and by the
back weft and in which the back warps.had given to them the same movements as
the face warps but reversed.
According to my Invention in place of giving to the back warps the same
movements but reversed as the face warps I cause some of the back warps to be
tied into the fabric by the back weft at different times to that at which the
corresponding face warps are tied in. For example if sets of four back warps are
being used between each pair of binder warps and these warps are being tied in,
in successive order by successive picks of weft one at each pick, that is number
one warp by the first pick then the next to it number two by the second pick
and so on I cause nuniber one of the back warps to be caught by the first pick
then N° 3 of the back warps to be caught by the second pick then No 2 of the back
warps to be caught by the third pick and lastly No 4 of the back warps to be
caught by the fourth pick. The binder warps are made as heretofore to cross after
every pick of weft and are caught by both wefts. In this way some of the warps
are caused to incline some to one side and others to the opposite side and are so
made to lap over and assist in holding the india rubber warp thread which as
heretofore lies between the back warps and face warps. In this way not only are
the elastic threads better tied in to the fabric so that when the fabric is cut across,
the slipping of the rubber away from the newly cut edge is better prevented but in
addition the appearance of the back of the fabric is considerably improved.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Swann, Senior, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1883.
JOHN SWANN, the elder of Toll Street Derby Road Nottingham
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC TERRY WEB"
" IMPROVE
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of elastic
terry web.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to. W. E. Jefferson on the
28th day of May N° 2131 in. the year 1878 was described the making in a double
shuttle loom an elastic fabric in which the back of the fabric was formed by terry
Joops of back warps which were tied into the fabric by the back weft only and the
face was formed of face warps tied into the fabric both by the face weft and by the
back weft and in which the back warps had given to them the same movements as
the face warps but reversed..
According to my invention in place of giving to the back warps the same
movements as the face warps but reversed 1 cause the hack. warps or sume of them
to be tied into the fabric by the back weft at different times to that at which the
corresponding face warps are tied into the fabric in order that when say a face
warp is lowered on one side of the rubber thread a back warp from the opposite
side of the rubber thread may be raised and drawn sidewise to the opposite side of
the face warp.
In this way when a shoot of back weft has been passed between the two warps
and has been beaten up by the reed and the warps have been allowed to resume
their former positions a bend or loop of the back warp will remain caught by the
weft and held on the opposite side of the face warp. By these menns the back and
face warps are made to lap over the under side of the rubber thread and assist
in tieing and holding it into the fabric. The appearance of the back of the
fabric is likewise improved as some of the terry loops of back warp are made to
incline over in one direction and others in the opposite direction. In a similar
way the face warps instead of being drawn downwards on their own side of the
rubber warps may be drawn down on the opposite side so as to make them lap
neross the top of the rubber thread instead of always lying parallel with it as
⚫ heretofore.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will proceed to describe
more fully the manner in which the manufacture of my new elastic terry web is
performed.
A stretched rubber thread is as heretofore passed through each dent of the reed
or comb of the batten of the loom. Four or other number of face warps are
passed through the same dent above the top of the rubber thread and four or other
number of back warps also through the same dent of the reed and below the
rubber thread. Two or more binder warps are also passed through the same dent
of the reed, one or more above the rubber thread and one or more below it.
In rear of the batten the several warp threads are led through eyes in the cords
or threads of lieddle leaves.-There are separate heddle leaves for each of the four
or other number of face warps also separate leddle leaves for each of the back
warps and for each of the binder warps and the cords, or threads of the heddle
leaves pass down between the warps as is usual. The binder warps are as
heretofore made to cross after every pick of weft and are caught by both wefts
one of the face warps is lowered for each pick to such an extent that both wefts
pass above it, and one of the back warps is raised to such an extent that the back
weft only passes below it.

page_text: Figure 1 of the drawings hereunto annexed shews a diagram side view of the
positions of the several warps in the loom and of the batten and heddle leaves.
The binder warps are not shown in this diagram. One face warp is shown lowered
and one back warp raised and the batten back in position for two shuttles to be
passed through the two sheds in the warps one through the upper shed and the
other through the lower one. I have not thought it necessary to shew a complete
loom as its construction is well understood. The diagram is only shewn in order
that the way in which I carry out my invention may be clearly understood.
Figure 2 is a diagram view on an enlarged scale of some of the dents of the
reed with the several warps passing through them the number of dents in the reed
will depend upon the width of the fabric to be made.
Figure 3 is a diagram view shewing the cords or threads of the heddle leaves by
which one face warp and one back warp are to be lowered and raised respectively
and made to cross one another. The heddle cords for raising and lowering the
other warps are not shewn in this diagram, but wherever a face warp and a back
warp have to be similarly crossed with one another, the crossing is effected in the
same manner. It will be seen from this diagram that the cords or threads of the
headle leaves used for raising the back warps are carried past the rubber threads
on the opposite side to that at which the back, warps are situated whilst the cords
for lowering the face warps are carried past the rubber threads on the same side as
the face warp is situated. In this way the warps or one of them will be made to
lap around the under side of the rubber thread.-If the face warps were to be
crossed over the top of the rubber thread the cords or threads of the heddle leaves.
used for lowering them would similarly be carried down on the opposite side of
the rubber thread to that at which each face warp is situated whereas heretofore
the cords or threads of the heddle leaves used for raising and lowering the warps
have always been carried vertically past the rubber threads on the same side of
these threads as the warps connected to them were situated.
Figures 4 and 5 show diagram side views of the warps to further illustrate
the way in which they are made to cross one another and lap under the rubber
tbread.
It will be seen from these diagrams that when the face warp is lowered and the
back warp simultaneously raised the back warp will be drawn to the opposite
side of the face warp so that when a shoot of back weft is passed between them a
loop or bend of the back warp will be retained by it on the opposite side of the
face warp.
•
In the diagram Figure 1. A is a portion of the woven fabric. B are the stretched
rubber threads wound on a roller or beam C. D are the face warps. E are the
back warps. FF are rollers over which the two sets of warps are conducted. G is
the reed or comb of the sley or batten. H the heddle leaves.
In Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 B are the rubber threads. D the face warps. E the
back warps. H the cords of heddle leaves and J in figures 4 and 5 is a shoot of
back weft. In these figures a portion only of the rubber thread is shewn the
portion of the thread which would if it were shewn pass through the warps is cut
away so that the crossing of the face and back warps may be better seen.
Figure 6 is a diagram shewing the way in which I by preference weave my new
fabric. The diagram Figure 6* shews the same construction of fabric but
illustrates the construction in a different way. When the fabric is made in this
way all the face warps are crossed with back warps that are on the opposite side of
the rubber thread and the back warps are made to lap around the under side of
the rubber threads.
In this figure the thick lines A are the warps of elastic india rubber thread.
B are the face warps-D the back warps-E are the picks of face weft and F the
picks of back weft. The back warps and weft are indicated by somewhat thinner
lines than the face warps and weft. It will be seen that in this fabric the face
warps are tied in in the order 1, 3, 2, 4 and the back warps in the order 4, 2, 3, 1
consequently N° 1 face warp will be linked in the manner above explained with

page_text: N° 4 back warp and N° 2 face warp with No 3 back warp N° 3 face warp with
No 2 back warp and No 4 face warp with No 1 back warp.
Figure 7 shows an exaggerated diagram view of the fabric so made cut through
in a line parallel with the warps-it is marked with the same letters of referenca
as in diagram Figure 6.
Another way in which the fabric may be made is shown at Figure 8-in this
fabric the face warps are tied in in the order Nos 1, 2, 3, 4 and the back warps in
the order 4, 2, 3, 1 so that No 1 face warp is linked with No 4 back warp No 2
faco warp with No 2 back warp No 3 face warp with No 3 back warp and No 4
face warp with No 1 back warp. A fabric made in this way has a trail pattern on
the face.
Another way in which the fabric may be made is shewn at Figure 9-in this
fabric also the face warps are tied in in the order N° 1, 2, 3, 4 but the back warps
are tied in in the order No 4, 3, 1, 2 so that N° 1 face warp is linked with N° 4
back warp, N° 2 face warp with N° 3 back warp; N° 3 face warp with N° 1 back
warp and N° 4 face warp with N° 2 back warp.
Another way of making the fabric would be for N° 4 face
with No 2 back warp, N° 2 face with N° 4 back warp N°
warp and N° 1 face with N° 3 back warp.
warp to be linked
faco with N° 1 back
The fabrics may be made not, only in double shuttle looms, but also in single
shuttle looms if the weft is first thrown through one shed in the warps and then
through the other after each change in the position of the warps but I prefer to
form thein in double shuttle looms.
I have not shewn any diagram of a fabric made with the face warps crossing
over the top of the rubber threads but from the description above given it will
clearly be seen how they can be made to do so if required.
Having thus described my invention and the manner of performing the same I
would have it understood I claim :-
First. The manufacture of clastic fabrics with the face warps or back warps
made to lap around or partly around the rubber threads of elastic terry webs,
substantially as described.
Second. The manufacture of elastic fabrics substantially as herein before
described with the face warps. or some of them, tied or linked with back warps
situated below the opposito side of the elastic rubber threads.
Third. The manufacture of elastic fabrics with the back warps or some of them
tied or linked with face warps which are drawn down not on the same side of the
rubber thread as that at which the back warps are situated, but on the opposite
side of the rubber thread substantially as described.
In-witness whereof I the said John Swann have hereunto set my hand and
seal this thirtieth day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
JOHN SWANN (S.)