Improvements in Joints or Couplings for Pipes and Tubes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 16th May, 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Joints or Couplings for Pipes and Tubes.
I, DANIEL ROBERTSON GARDNER of 36 Jamaica Street Glasgow, Cabinet-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The present invention which relates to joints or couplings is a further develop-
ment of the invention contained in the Specification of my prior Patent No. 16966
dated 24th Oct. 1890.
In this invention the joint or coupling is so made that the ends of the pipe or
tube to be jointed are compressed against a nipple or body by two caps or collars
either the caps or the body or both having one or more circular rims, bearings or
steps. These rims steps or bearings may, where they come in contact with the
pipe or tube, be made with plain, curved, tapered, angular or irregular edges so as
to firmly grip or bite the pipe or tube.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood, I have here- .
unto appended an explanatory sheet of drawings, showing by way of example
methods of carrying my invention into effect or practice.
On the drawings
Fig. 1. shows the improved joint or coupling in part section, as applied to pipes
or tubes.
Figs. 2 & 3. show, in section, broken off, slightly modified forms of the joint.
Referring to the drawings the improved joint consists of a nipple or body A,
which is exteriorly screw threaded at B. The nipple or body is made with square,
bevelled, or inclined edges C, D. Screwing on to the nipple or body are two
collars or caps E, F. Each cap is made like a nut on its outside surface so as to
be easily turned and is on its inner surface screwed for part of its length. The
caps or collars have each one or more inner rims, steps or bearings G, which bite
into or grip the ends H. I of the pipe or tube to be jointed.
a (figs.) of the rims G may be taken off. Between the rim and the screw thread
a groove or recess N is made in each cap or collar. The rims, bearings or steps
may be bevelled off with a curved bevel as at Fig. 2, or be tapered or angled on
the biting surface as at Fig. 3, in the latter case a rim or ridge K is, preferably,
made on the body or coupling, whilst in the former case the ends C, D, are curved
outwards or convexed in order to secure a thorough biting of the pipe. There
may be more than one bite or contact between each collar and its corresponding
surface of the nipple or body.
With this arrangement the bell-mouthed or widened ends of the pipe are
pressed up the inclined faces C, D, and the collars or caps are then screwed home
thus biting or gripping the ends of the pipe or tube firmly and tightly. The recess
or groove N in each collar is to allow room for the end of the pipe so that it will
not interfere with the free screwing up of the collar.
This joint is applicable to all ductile metal pipes such as block tin, composition,
lead, copper &c. also to rubber and hose, for joining one pipe (or pipes) to another,
also joining pipes to gas & water meters, steam boilers and other apparatus, cocks,
gasaliers &c.
The joints are preferably made as couplings, branch couplings, tees, knees,
crosses, drop screws, ends of cocks, &c. suitable for and in connection with gas,
water and steam pipes, pneumatic tubes, hose, soil pipes &c.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
(1) A joint or coupling constructed substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown on the drawings annexed.
(2) The screw caps or collars E, F, made with a groove or recess N, for the
reception of the end of the pipe, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
(3) The biting of the pipe between a collar or cap and a nipple or body, said
cap or body or both the cap and body, having one or more suitable angular, pro-
jecting or curved rims, bearings or steps on it or them so that all the power
required in screwing up may be concentrated on a comparatively narrow ring,
bearing surface or contact, preferably, in the form of a right angle (a. Fig. 1),
with or without the sharp edge taken off, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 10th day of March 1891.
1.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
Glasgow and London, Agent.