IMPROVEMENTS IN CARBOYS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARBOYS." A communication from abroad by Hippolyte Cuau, of the
Firm of Cuau, Ainé, and Compagnie, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
Sealed the 29th November 1878, and dated the 15th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1878.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. IMPROVEMENTS IN CARBOYS." A communication from abroad by
Hippolyte Cuau, of the Firm of Cuau, Ainé, and Compagnie, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
Carboys or large flasks for containing and carrying liquid chemicals, and, more
particularly, acids, have hitherto been always made of stoneware, earthenware, or
glass. These carboys are of a relatively high price, their manufacture involving a
long manipulation at the hands of the potter; moreover, they are heavy, and being
liable to break it is generally necessary to place them, for protection, in an expen-
sive envelope or casing of basketwork.
According to this Invention, carboys are manufactured in two parts, formed of
metal, stamped, hammered, or bent by any suitable means, according to the shape or
form required, and united or joined together by overlapping or interlocking, solder-
ing, bolts, rivets, or the like, as found most convenient.
In the manufacture of these improved carboys it is preferred to employ plain or
galvanized sheet iron or sheet iron lined with lead, or enamelled, but any suitable
metal may be employed under the same conditions.
These improved carboys have the advantages of lightness, strength, and of not
being liable to leak, and like the ordinary stoneware carboys they are provided
with two ears or handles attached by rivetting or any other suitable means.

page_text: By the use, moreover, of the improved carboys the whole of the objections before
enumerated are removed.
The line of junction of the parts of which the carboys are composed may coincide,
or nearly so, with the horizontal centre line, or the carboy may be formed in
unequal parts, the line of junction being above the ears or handles; or the lower
part may be made smaller than the upper part and provided with a handle; or the
carboy may be composed of two halves joined together by a vertical seam, or the
junction may be otherwise arranged as found desirable.
The two parts of the carboys may be composed of segments connected together
by rivets.
In the construction of carboys of this description it is essential to obtain a perfect
joint between the two constituent parts; in order to obtain a good result, these
parts are provided with flanges or projections which are brought opposite one
another, and joined together by rivets or small bolts. A lute or packing of gutta
percha or any other material which forms a hermetical joint being placed between
the flanges.
This joint is equally applicable to carboys lined with lead; in this case the lead
lining is made in two parts, which are first soldered together, and the flanges on the
sheet iron are then joined together as herein-before described.
The neck or upper part of the carboy is provided with a covering of lead for the
purpose of protecting the sheet metal at this part from the action of any drops of
acid which might be spilt upon it when filling the carboy, or pouring out the acid.
The lead covering which is rivetted upon the sheet metal may be replaced by
enamel or any other acid-proof covering or coating.
Acids being generally very heavy and the handling of full carboys being some-
what inconvenient, an arrangement of handle or hold fast is adopted, formed in one
piece, which enables the carboy to be raised or tilted by introducing the fingers of
one hand into a recess or hollow provided for the purpose underneath, and grasping.
a handle or ear at the upper part with the other hand. By these means, full
carboys may be lifted with facility.
The lower part of the carboy being exposed to friction and straining is strength-
ened by a double thickness of sheet metal hammered on, or secured in any suitable
manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
December 1878.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARBOYS." A communication from abroad by
Hippolyte Cuau, of the Firm of Cuau, Ainé, and Compagnie, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
The said Invention relates to carboys or, large flasks for containing and carrying
liquid chemicals, more particularly acids, and for other like purposes. These carboys,
which have heretofore been made of stoneware, earthenware, or glass, are of a
relatively high price, their manufacture involving a long manipulation at the hands
of the potter; moreover, they are heavy, and being liable to break it is generally
necessary to place them for protection in an expensive envelope or casing of basket-
work.
Now the said Invention has for its object obviating these objections; for this
purpose the carboys are manufactured in two parts, formed of metal, stamped,
hammered, or bent by any suitable means, according to the shape or form required,
and united or joined together by overlapping or interlocking, soldering, bolts,
rivets, or the like, as found most convenient, so that the two parts may be readily
detached, in order to admit of repairs being effected from the interior when
required.
In the manufacture of these improved carboys it is preferred to use plain or
galvanized sheet iron, or sheet iron lined with lead or enamelled, but any suitable
metal may be employed under the same conditions.
The improved carboys have the advantages of lightness, strength, and of not
being liable to leak; they are provided after the manner of the ordinary stoneware
carboys with two ears or handles, the same being attached by rivetting or any
other suitable means....
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the
several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents an elevation of a metallic
carboy made in two nearly equal parts connected together, the line of junction
being about midway of the height of the carboy, and Figure is a plan of the
same, corresponding to Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents an elevation of a carboy formed of two unequal parts con-
nected below the ears or handles.
Figure 4 represents a side view of a carboy, the lower part of which is smaller
than the upper part and is provided with a handle.
Figure 5 represents, in elevation, a carboy composed of two halves connected
together by a vertical seam.
A1, A2, are the two parts of the carboy, which are hammered out and curved or
bent according to the shape required, and may be composed of several pieces, the
same being connected together by rivets D, as shewn applied to a seam in Figures 1
and 2.
In the construction of carboys of this description it is essential to secure a perfect
joint between the two constituent parts; in order to obtain a good result these
parts are provided with flanges or projections, which are brought opposite each
other and connected together by rivets or small bolts, a lute or packing of gutta
percha, or any other material which forms a hermetical joint, being placed between
the flanges.
This joint, which is shown at B, is equally applicable to carboys lined with lead;
in this case, the lead lining is made in two parts which are first soldered together,

page_text: and the flanges on the sheet iron are then connected together as herein-before
described.
It should be observed that the joint may be made between the two parts of
which the carboy is composed either vertically, as shown in Figure 5, or horizon-
tally, as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4.
The neck G and upper part of the carboy, shown in Figures 1 and 2, is provided
with a covering C of lead for the purpose of protecting the sheet metal at this part
from the action of any drops of acid which might be spilt upon it when filling the
carboy or pouring out the acid.
The lead covering which is rivetted upon the sheet metal may be replaced by
enamel or any other acid-proof covering or coating.
As acids are generally very heavy and the handling of full carboys is somewhat
inconvenient, an arrangement of handle, or hollow, or recess P, Figure 4, formed in
the carboy is adopted. The carboy may thus be readily raised or tilted by intro-
ducing the fingers of one hand into the recess or hollow provided for the purpose
at P, and grasping a handle or ear A at the upper part with the other hand.
The lower part of the carboy being exposed to friction and straining is strength-
ened by a double thickness F of sheet metal attached by hammering, or secured in
any suitable manner.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, constructing carboys, substantially in the manner and for
the purposes herein-before described, and as illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my Specifi-
cation set my hand and seal, the Third day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.