Improvements in the Apparatus and Method for Manufacturing Glass-bottles, Jars, and other Glass Vessels and Hollow-ware.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in the Apparatus and Method for Manufacturing
Glass-bottles, Jars, and other Glass Vessels and Hollow-ware.
We JOHN THOMAS CREASY of Stanford Place, Hatfield Street Blackfriars in the
County of Surrey, Engineer and Model Maker and LESLIE JEYES of 45 Finsbury
Pavement in the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of.
this invention to be as follows :―
There are two or more cylinders or drums in connection with one another, con-
structed of metal or any other suitable material, one being an inner and stationary
cylinder closed at the ends and supported in suitable bearings by trunnions one of
which is bored to admit of compressed air heated or otherwise or other fluid being
passed into the interior of the cylinder or drum-by-means of a pipe or tube. The
other or outer cylinder or drum is divided in two but not joined together which
surround the inner cylinder one portion revolving and the other remaining stationary,
this latter portion may be closed or not as thought desirable. The outer ends of these
may or may not be closed and are supported in suitable bearings by hollow trunnions
which surround those holding the inner cylinder. Round about the circumference of
the inner cylinder is placed one or more bands or rings of any required width which
are so made that they are attached to the outer portion of the revolving cylinder and
consequently moves with it, also attached to this revolving portion of the outer or
inner stationary cylinder are two or more tables to which are fastened the necessary
moulds ends upwards in which the bottle or other objects are blown. These tables
are supplied with holes through the centre or sideways which the blow-pipes pass.
In the bands or rings surrounding the inner cylinder are two or more holes in which
are inserted blow pipes working in vertical friction rollers which attain a vertical
rotary motion through coming in contact with the edge of the fixed portion of the
outer cylinder attached to this are vanes or marver plates of any desirable shapes.
The said blow pipes have communication to a slot cut in the inner cylinder which is
covered by the revolving rings or bands. When two blow pipes only are used the
slot extends to the exact half central circumference of the said inner cylinder. The

page_text: opening of the slot commences at the top with a narrow orifice widening out as it
approaches the bottom centre at which point the fullest blast of air is attained to
complete the blowing of the bottle or other object. The rotary motion of the machine
is obtained by over-head pulleys and bands, or any other suitable means.
In order to make a bottle it is necessary that the mould shall be at the top centre
of the outer cylinder when it is filled with molten glass an eccentric or cam motion
then closes the upper end of the mould, and as the mould containing the glass descends
around to the bottom centre the bottle is' gradually blown in consequence of the
compressed air contained in the inner cylinder finding a vent directly the hole in which
the blow-pipes are inserted comes over the slot when the bottom point is reached the
operation is complete and the mould is opened automatically and drops the bottle
in a trough running from the machine to the annealing furnace, being actuated by
an endless band or chain.
By this process is attained an enormous increase in the speed of making bottles
and a like saving in the cost of their production.

page_text: Improvements in the Apparatus and Metrou
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машита 145
Glass Bottles, Jars, and other Glass Vessels and Hollow Ware.
I, JOHN THOMAS CREASY of 77, Holyoak Road, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :--
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the apparatus and method of
manufacturing glass bottles, jars and other glass vessels and hollow ware; the object
being to produce glass bottles of all kinds by machinery. The difficulty hitherto
unsolved has been in the "necking" of bottles of small sized openings or mouths.
Vessels having large mouths have been made by machinery with indifferent success.
In carrying my invention into practice I proceed as follows, and for the purpose of
illustration I have hereunto annexed two sheets of drawings to which reference will
be made in the following particular description, upon which said drawings ;-
Fig. 1. Sheet 1. is a vertical section through a rotary bottle blowing machine
embodying my invention and Fig. 1ª is a diagram.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section through the same.
Fig. 3. Sheet 2 shows in detail the arrangement and general construction of the
blow pipe and movable collar or ring.
There are two- or more cylinders or drums a, b in connection with one another
constructed of any metal or other suitable material the one being the inner or
stationary cylinder closed at the ends and both cylinders are supported in suitable
bearings by trunnions c, d. The end "A" frames or standards of the machine are
not shown. The cylinder b, is bored to admit of compressed air heated or otherwise
or other fluids being passed into the interior of the said cylinder or drum b, by means
of a pipe or tube leading to the hollow trunnion d.
The other or outer cylinder or drum a consists of two parts a, a¹, which parts a a¹
surround the inner stationary cylinder b. The cylindrical portion a has a packing
ring or rings e between it and the inner cylinder b. The parts a' support the mould
tables a 4. The portion a may be closed or not at its outer end if thought desirable
(shown closed at a Fig. 1).
The cylinder a with the supports a¹-is supported by hollow trunnions a³. The
bearings of the trunnion d are mounted on a pair of."A" end frames. Round
about the circumference of the inner cylinder 6 and near the end of the outer
cylinder a is placed one or more bands or rings e, of any required widths which
band or ring or bands or rings is or are made molded or cast on to the revolving
cylinder portion a, and consequently moves with it. Also attached to the revolving
portion of the outer cylinder and supports a¹, are two or more tables a*, to which are
fastened the necessary moulds end upwards these moulds may be attached however

page_text: to the table or to the revolving collar f, which collar has for object to form the
bottle mouth. When the moulds are attached to the said collar f they will be for
round bottles or jars and have a revolving motion imparted relatively to their own
axial line in addition to the continuous movement due to the revolution of the
cylinder a.
In the said moulds the bottles or other objects are blown, the moulds are not shown
in the drawings; they are in two or more portions hinged so as to come together
or fall apart. The mould hinge is indicated at M, attached to the table a. The
tables a are supplied with holes through the centre of which the blow pipes pass
and necessarily they pass through the revolving collar f.
In the centre of these tables and within the portion f. of the mould wherein will be
formed the mouth of the bottle, I provide the movable collar or ring 9, (clearly shown
in Fig. 3) having attached thereto a hand lever or levers passing through a slot of
collar, so that when the charge is first placed within the mould the collar or ring g,
(with the air passages f¹, open) is at its lowest position. When the air from the
interior of the mould has escaped, collar g, is at once raised by means of the lifting-
gear shown in Fig. 3, pivoted to ears f³, and working through openings f, in collar f
but any convenient means may be used. This lifting of collar g, closes the air holes f¹
and partially compresses the glass which forms the mouth or neck of the bottle and
ensures the same being hermetically sealed within the mould.
The small openings f¹ are provided in the lower end of the upper cavity of the
collar f. for the escape of air from the inside of the mould whilst the metal is being
supplied then the closing of same is effected by the raising of the ring 9. In the
bande or ringe e, attached to the outer cylinder a and surrounding the inner cylinder
are holes in which are inserted the blow pipes h, fitting within the collar f.
This collar f, has a friction surface for carries a mitre wheel in frictional contact
or geared with a fixed portion i, of the inner cylinder.
The said blow pipes have each communication by the air hole through e and a, to
an elongated slot cut through the skin or shell of the inner cylinder b, at that which
is covered by the hands or rings e; Fig. 1, shows in diagram the developement of
surface of cylinder b. When two blowpipes only are used (as in the machine shown
in Figs. 1 and 2) the slots of cylinder b. extend from the air holes of band e nearly to
the half central circumference of the said inner cylinder b. The opening of the slot
commences at the top with a narrow channel way widening out as it approaches the
bottom centre at which point the fullest blast of air is attained to complete the blowing
of the bottle or other object.
The rotary motion of the machine is obtained by suitable pulleys or bands applied
to the outer surface of a³, or may be moved round by the bars a', by hand.
In order to make a bottle it is necessary that the mould should be at the top centre
of the machine where it is charged with molten glass entering or passing through a
tube or funnel placed within the mould for the purpose of elongating or marbling the
glass. The funnel is then withdrawn. An eccentric cam or other motion of substan-
tially well known kind then closes the upward end of the mould with the "stud" or
bottom for the bottle.
The stud of the mould then falls into the mould containing the glass and receeds in
the ordinary manner as the glass is blown. The bottle is gradually blown to the
desired length in consequence of the compressed air contained in the inner cylinder
finding vent directly the hole in which the blow pipes are inserted comes over the
air slot in the cylinder b. In the case where two moulds are used (see Figs. 1 & 2)
when the bottom point is reached the operation is complete and the mould is opened
automatically as indicated by the striking-gear N, Figs. 1 and 2, at the lower part of
said figures and drops the bottle in the trough (not shown) leading from the machine
to the annealing furnace by endless band or chain as convenient.
The cam lifting device shown at o figures 1 and 2, and indicated in dotted lines
Fig 3, acts upon the rod o', which said rod o' is capable of sliding in the guides o³,
to rise and fall and said rod o¹, carries the closing stud of the end of the mould not
shown.

page_text: The cam o is timed to let the stud into the mould to the proper depth immediately
before the blow of air enters to the metal in the mould from cylinder b as the blow
continues the stud will receed with the developing metal and internal pressure
of air.
In the construction of these machines less or more than two moulds may be used.
By this process I attain an enormous increase in the speed of making bottles and
great saving in the cost of their production.
Several machines may be set in line and successively communicate the compressed
air finding its way through the end d¹ of trunnion d. A stop cock or suitable
joint may be used to close or open the end d' of trunnion d.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Firstly. In a rotary bottle blowing machines the use of a movable collar or
ring f,f,g for the purpose of compressing the glass of and around the mouth or
neck of the bottle substantially as described.
Secondly. In a rotary bottle blowing machine the arrangement of blow pipes and
mouth forming moulds whereby the rotating motion around the axial line of the blown
bottle is effected to form the mouth from the molten glass substantially as described.
Thirdly. In a rotary bottle blowing machine the use of a tapered slot for the
regulation of the admission of air to the mould substantially as and for the purpose
herein described.
Fourthly. The combination of the various parts constituting my improved means
applicable to rotary bottle blowing machines for forming the mouths and completing
the moulding of the bottle or article constructed arranged and operating as and for
the purpose herein set forth.