matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING GRAIN, MIDDLINGS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Benedickt Fiechter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by the Firm J. Fiechter Langmesser, of Basle, in the
Republic of Switzerland.
LOUIS BENEDICKT FIECHTER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING GRAIN, MIDDLINGS,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES." A communication from abroad by the Firm J. Fiechter
Langmesser, of Basle, in the Republic of Switzerland.
This Invention is designed for the purpose of making a rolling mill more handy
to work and capable of more varied employment than any now existing.
It consists, 1st, in regulating the rolls by means of an eccentric lever working
against another lever, which latter lever can be adjusted by means of a regulating
screw so as to take up any wear. This latter lever holds into the plummer
block or pedestal, or in place of this the eccentric lever can act on a screw-adjusted
abutment on the bearing instead of against a second lever. A slotted guide and
set screw or spring catch holds the eccentric lever in place.
2nd. In regulating the slides of the hopper by means of a lever or levers
projecting out toward the side of the machine. These levers are jointed on a pin
on the slide and either at the fulcrum or at the pin they are slotted to allow of
difference of angular length.
3rd. In making the rollers on the two sides of the machine of different material
or surface, and having separate hoppers for each or a division in the hopper. Thus
one pair could be porcelain, the other chilled cast iron; one smooth, the other
grooved. This is of great advantage to small millers, as one side can be used for
wheat, the other for middlings.
I also use a fast and loose pulley with a universal fork so as to throw the rolls
in and out of gear at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND OTHER LIKE MONETARY INSTRUMENTS BY INDICATING THE VALUE UPON SAME, AND PREVENTING ANY FRAUDULENT ALTERATION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis and William Aston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1879.
JOHN LEWIS and WILLIAM ASTON, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND OTHER LIKE MONETARY
INSTRUMENTS BY INDICATING THE VALUE UPON SAME, AND PREVENTING ANY
FRAUDULENT ALTERATION."
Our Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described, in bankers'
cheques, trade bills, and other instruments of a monetary nature, the object being
to detect any falsification that may be attempted as to its value.
We will describe our Invention as applied to a banker's cheque. Upon the
surface proximate to the edge and continuous round the same we arrange a series
of forms, semicircular, serrated, or any other form most suitable to our requirement,
produced by perforation, printing, or impressing; immediately beneath each of these
forms is distinctly thrown an increasing amount (if the first form indicates five
pounds, the second ten pounds, and so increasing to any amount); thus if a cheque
is given for any amount intermediate of the five pounds and the ten pounds it is
necessary to remove and destroy the one form above the figures denoting five
pounds; this can be affected if perforated by tearing away, or if impressed by means
of an instrument.
What in commerce is known as crossed cheques, the crossing of which is so easily
obliterated and a fraud perpetrated, we prevent by means of the said crossing
being perforated and this in any suitable part of the cheque.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARMONIUMS AND AMERICAN ORGANS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Bridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1879.
STEPHEN BRIDGE, of Milton-next-Sittingbourne, in the County of Kent, Painter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARMONIUMS AND AMERICAN ORGANS."
The Invention consists of a movable pan for the vibrators of harmoniums and
American organs, so arranged that it can be moved three notes upwards, and three
notes downwards; this pan has a shell constructed with sides and ends three inches
deep, having a top about a quarter of an inch in thickness, with valves placed
upon it, and hooked down tight to the bellows. The moving pan is similar in con-
struction to an ordinary pan, having compartments for each note one inch deep, the
bass end running off to a taper towards the treble end. The top ha sholes exactly to
correspond with the holes in the top of the shell under the valves, and is made air-
proof by means of leather placed between. The vibrators are screwed on in the
ordinary way. It is moved along by means of a pulley placed in front of the
instrument five inches below the key-board, and attached to the pan under the
offset, and is otherwise unconnected with the instrument. An indicator is placed
above the key-board; it is an opening cut in the centre between the stops, six inches
in length, and the point is moved along to indicate the key in which the music is
being played. This can be done instantly, and entirely obviates the use of sharps
and flats, and adapts itself to the tonic-sol-fa notation. The pan is adapted to
any kind of harmonium or American organ, or can be applied to an instrument
with or without divisions, which are constructed of indian rubber tubing at the
lower edge, thus allowing the pan to move along, at the same time rendering the
compartments air-proof. The Invention is simple of construction, is exceedingly
durable, not likely to get out of order, and the instrument to which it is attached
can be played in the ordinary manner if desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROCARBON AND OIL LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Tabrar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1879.
JOSEPH TABRAR, Practical Engineer, of No. 18, Keetons Road, Bermondsey, S.E.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDROCARBON AND OIL LAMPS."
That with a flat wick I place a chimney of glass, talk, brass, copper, or other
metal, not more than one and one half inches above the flame, and the lower end of
the aforesaid chimney is reduced to the same width as the wick holder. The
height and size of the chimney to be according to the dimensions of the lamp. I also
make the chimney in various shapes to compare with the wick or wick-holders.
This Invention is suitable for flat, half round, oval, and argand burners, and is a
means of producing a smokeless, bright and steady light, a considerable saving and
economy in the consumption of oil, and burns with a clear light for several hours
longer than lamps ordinarily do, does not foul the lamp so soon as lamps generally
get foul, and does not cause the lamps to heat so readily. It is especially adapted
for roof, tail, head and signal lamps as used by railway companies.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UN-COUPLING LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES TO AND FROM RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS OR WAGONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1879.
"
ROBERT ROBINSON, of Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UN-COUPLING LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINES TO AND FROM RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS OR WAGONS."
My Invention is particularly adapted for shunting purposes, and admits of the
locomotive engine while in motion being coupled to or uncoupled from a railway
carriage, truck, or wagon without the aid of manual operation except so far as is
required to pull over a hand-lever conveniently placed upon the locomotive
engine.
My Invention may be thus described :-From the above mentioned hand-lever
a connecting-rod runs under the body of the engine to the lever arm of a
transverse shaft placed under the fore part of the engine and rocking in bearings
fixed to the longitudinal framework of the locomotive. Around a drum keyed
upon the said transverse shaft is wound a chain, one end being fastened thereto
and the other secured to a jointed lever connected by a link-bar to the head of the
coupling-link. The fulcrum of the aforesaid jointed lever is secured to the trans-
verse framework of the engine and contiguous to the draw-bar, the parts being so
arranged that when the said hand-lever is pulled over the coupling-link is raised
up preparatory to being lowered over or freed from the coupling link of the adjoining
carriage or truck, thus coupling or uncoupling the engine as the case may be.
At the rear end of the locomotive is a second transverse shaft actuated by a
second hand lever, but this shaft has a curved finger in lieu of a drum, and the
coupling-link is double jointed. When in operation the aforesaid curved finger
doubles up the said coupling-link and raises it over the coupling hook of the
carriage or truck to which it is to be attached. This doubling up of the coupling
hook is requisite in consequence of the absence of buffers at the rear end of most
shunting engines, which necessarily shortens the space existing between the
locomotive and the carriage or truck.
IMPRove- MENTS IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF PREPARING CONCENTRATED EXTRACTS FROM TEA, Coffee, and OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Hill Hassall and Otto Hehner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1879.
ARTHUR HILL HASSALL, Doctor of Medicine, and OTTO HEHNER, Fellow of the
Chemical Society, Analytical Chemists, both of the City of London. "IMPRove-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OR METHODS OF PREPARING CONCENTRATED EXTRACTS
FROM TEA, Coffee, and OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Our Invention refers to the method or methods adopted, as hereafter described
to obtain from tea or other leaves and berries, the aromatic principles thereof
in a concentrated form, and upon which so much of the quality depends, and their
subsequent restoration to the extract when reduced to a proper consistency, the
result being an extract containing all the essential constituents of the leaf or berry,
and to the method of making an extract by the employment of a regulated tem-
perature over a water or steam bath, or in a vacuum pan; also in the processes
when applied to roasted coffee with a view to obtain an extract thereof, which
shall include the whole of the extractive matters, including particularly the
aromatic principles and volatile oil.
According to our invention to treat tea, it is placed in a suitable vessel, and water
either hot or cold, preferably the former, is poured upon it, heat is applied and the
infusion distilled.
Or the tea is first infused, and the infusion after being separated from the leaves
is distilled.
The distillate is collected, and is afterwards subjected to partial re-distillation,
whereby the aromatic principles of the tea consisting chiefly of volatile oil are
separated and obtained in a concentrated form.
The decoction or infusion containing either the whole or part of the soluble
matter of the tea, freed from the volatile principles, and after separation from the
leaves, is then evaporated in the ordinary way, or preferably on a water or steam
bath or in a vacuum pan, until it acquires the requisite consistency.
The concentrated distillate above referred to is added to the extract when the
latter is sufficiently cool. The extract thus prepared is then transferred to bottles,
tins, or other appropriate vessels.
In this manner an extract of tea in its simplest form is prepared, but we also
make it when required with the addition of sugar or sugar and milk.
We also as an alternative method separate the volatile principles by blowing a
current of steam through the tea leaves, carrying with it the said volatile parts, .
which afterwards in the form of a distillate are added to the extract.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING THE FUCUS, ALGE, SEA WEED, OR SEA WRACK GRASS, AND EXTRACTING THERE FROM ALCOHOL, IODINE, BROMINE, AND SALTS OF POTASSA
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Thiercelin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1879.
LOUIS THIERCELIN, Doctor of Medicine, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of
France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING THE FUCUS, ALGE, SEA
WEED, OR SEA WRACK GRASS, AND EXTRACTING THERE FROM ALCOHOL, IODINE,
BROMINE, AND SALTS OF POTASSA."
The fucus, algæ, sea weed, or seu wrack grass are gathered, cut up, and crushed
by means of any suitable machinery, and the products fermented in wooden
troughs or cemented bricks for a variable time according to the season.
The fermenting operation is effected with yeast or with liquid resulting from
former operations.
When fermentation is completed the juice is separated by pressing the residue in
a press, and alcohol is extracted by distillation.
The juice is evaporated and calcined to cinders, and in this operation I uso the
residue after its dessication as a combustiblo.
I treat the cinders of the juices and those of the residue as cinders in pits are
produced by incineration, for extracting the iodine, bromine, and separating the
salts of potassa by the known methods.
The peculiar and important feature of my Invention rests in a novel mode of
treatment, which consists in operating on the fucus, alga, sea weed, or sea wrack
grass as soon as they are gathered, in cutting them up and crushing them, in
fermenting them for extracting alcohol, in treating the cinders of the juice and
those of the residue as pit cinders are treated, and extracting from them the iodine
and bromine, and separating the salts from them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPINDLES AND FOOTSTEPS TO BE USED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brooksby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
JAMES BROOKSBY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPINDLES AND FOOTSTEPS TO BE USED IN PREPARING,
SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
The principal ohject of this Invention is to dispense with the ordinary spindle
flyer and bobbin usually employed for this purpose, and to substitute in place
thereof a vertical tubular spindle or twisting tube of the following construction :-
The spindle is made of two tubes, one within the other, the inner one being
rather smaller in diameter than the interior of the outer one, so as to leave a
narrow space or cavity between the two, excepting at the top, where they are
screwed together.
The upper end of the inner tube is closed by means of a cap which is larger in
diameter than the top of the outer tube, and by means of which it can be screwed
into the outer tube or unscrewed at pleasure. A hole is drilled through this cap
at one side of the centre for the passage of the thread to the interior of the inner
tube.
The wharve is fixed upon the outer tube, and is made of a cup like form at the
top to contain oil.
The footstep is made of a cup-like form with an inner tube projecting above the
level of the spindle rail. This inner tube of the footstep forms a bearing for the
inner tube of the spindle to run in.
The outer tube of the spindle runs outside the inner tube of the footstep, and its
lower ends rests on the bottom of the oil cup, and thus this tube is always running
in oil.
The sliver or thread to be twisted passes in through the opening at the side of
the cap into the interior of the inner spindle, and thus as the spindle revolves it
receives the requisite amount of twist. As the sliver leaves the lower end of the
tubular spindle it passes through a pair of rollers, and is then wound on to a large
bobbin placed in a horizontal position and driven by means of a revolving drum
upon which it rests.
AN IMPROVED LOCK-COVER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Dittmar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1879. A communication from
Oscar Samuel Adler, of Berlin, Prussia.
GUSTAVE DITTMAR, of the International Patent Office, 4, Elisabethufer, Berlin,
Prussia, Engineer and Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED LOCK-COVER." [A com-
munication from Oscar Samuel Adler, of Berlin, Prussia.]
This improved lock-cover is formed of a plate, the sides of which are provided
with rounded notches surrounding the shank of the key when in the lock, or
falling into a groove turned or filed into the shank, thereby securing the key in
the lock, so that it cannot be pushed out from outside. The fulcrum of the plate
fixed about an inch above the key-hole is a screw turned into the escutcheon, and
rivetted at the back-side. At the lower end of the lock-cover another screw is
adapted, which forms a guide for the lower edge of the cover, and may be tightened
to hold the lock-cover in any desired position, turned up when the key is to be
put into the key-hole, or turned down (one of the lateral notches clasping the
shank) when the key is to be secured in the lock, in order to avoid its pushing out,
and to make it impossible for persons intending to pick the lock to pass in a
bye-key.
Two covers may be arranged above each other to still increase the security of
holding the key; the covers are then turned up, the one to the right, the other to
the left when the key is to be introduced. The groove in the shank is then clasped
from both sides, and the key can make no other motion than that of turning for
shifting the bolt.
The groove in the key can even be omitted, and the key would not give way
when pushed from outside by introducing a pin or a nail, etc., into the key-hole.
A great advantage of this lock-cover is that the key-hole is always covered, con-
sequently dust cannot enter and foul the inner parts of the lock, and it is impossible
to look through the key-hole and to judge upon the form of the key bit, so that the
manufacture of a bye-key becomes much more difficult.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING A COLOUR SIMILAR TO INDIGO
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard George Peter Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1879. A com-
munication from abroad by A. Leroux-Louvet and R. Lemyre, of Place
St. Eloi, Rouen, in the Republic of France.
EDOUARD GEORGE PETER THOMAS, of the Star Chemical Works, Brentford, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING A COLOUR SIMILAR TO INDIGO."
[A communication from abroad by A. Leroux-Louvet and R. Lemyre, of Place
St. Eloi, Rouen, in the Republic of France.]
The object of this Invention is to produce on vegetable fibres, and especially on
cotton, blue shades similar to those produced by indigo, by means of a colour
known in commerce as induline for cotton.
1. For this purpose I first dye the cotton a brown colour with cutch in the
usual manner, that is to say, for 100lbs. of cotton use 3 to 4lbs. of cutch fixed with
2lbs. of bichromate of potash.
II. Then wash thoroughly and wring.
III. Mordant the cotton with 1lb. of tannin or tannic acid in a cold bath,
working it for one hour, then simply drain and pass through another bath con-
taining 2lbs. of chloride of tin (stannous chloride), rinse.
IV. Dye in a bath to which an alcoholic solution of induline for cotton has been
added, beginning in the cold, and gradually raising the temperature to boiling
point, wash and wring.
For very dark coppery shades no acid should be used; for lighter shades use a
little acetic or oxalic acid.
Good results are also obtained when annatto is substituted for cutch.
OR IMPROVED HALF PINT TANKARD
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Youard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1879.
THOMAS WILLIAM YOUARD, of Houndsditch, in the City of London.
OR IMPROVED HALF PINT TANKARD."
"A NEW
This Invention has for its object an improved method of manufacturing a half
pint tankard, whereby it is rendered impossible for the barmaid or other person
serving at a refreshment counter to give more than the proper amount of liquor in
the measure. This I effect by making the bottom of the tankard internally of an
oval conical shape tapering upwards around the sides of the measure, while the
bottom is of a flat shape with a rim round the same, and the exterior sides are
formed tapering towards the bottom. By so doing I am enabled to manufacture
a measure of a handsome appearance, at the same time that its containing capacity
is strictly limited to that of an imperial half pint measure. Such improved
measure may be made either in metal or any other suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINIUM AND MAGNESIUM
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1879. A communication
from abroad by Henri Marie Auguste Berthaut, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINIUM AND MAGNESIUM."
A communication from abroad by Henri Marie Auguste Berthaut, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of aluminium and magnesium by the
employment of dynamo electric machines, such, for example, as those known as the
Gramme, Weston, Siemens, or other like machines.
In carrying out this Invention as applied (for example) to the manufacture of
aluminium, a bath of double chloride of aluminium and sodium is prepared; this
chloride melts at a temperature between 180 and 200 degrees centigrade, con-
sequently, a moderate degree of heat is sufficient to maintain it in a liquid
condition. The chloride is placed in a vessel varnished on the inside and divided
into 2 parts, either by means of a porous partition, or by employing a porous vessel
of any suitable form. A blade or plate of metal is introduced in one side of the
partition, the said blade being placed in communication with the negative pole of a
dynamo-electric machine. This blade of metal serves as a negative electrode, and
receives the deposit of aluminium. A compressed mixture of alumina and carbon,
serving as a soluble positive electrode, is employed on the other side of the partition ;
this mixture is gradually converted into chloride of aluminium, and maintains the
bath of a uniform composition. When the positive electrode is consumed it is
replaced by another and the operation is proceeded with.
By means of this method aluminium may be obtained at a much lower price
than at present, since by the improved process the preparation of a much smaller
quantity of double chloride only is required, whilst the expense attending the
employment of sodium as an auxiliary metal is obviated.
The Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of magnesium by substi-
tuting chloride of magnesium for the double chloride of aluminium and sodium, and
substituting magnesia for the alumina.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPARING POWER IN MOVING CARRIAGES AND VESSELS OF ALL KINDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1879. A
communication from Bernhard Grundler, of Petersdorf, Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of T. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SPARING POWER IN MOVING CARRIAGES AND VESSELS OF ALL
KINDS." A communication from Bernhard Gründler, of Petersdorf, Kingdom of
Prussia, German Empire.
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for saving or economising power
in moving carriages and vessels of every description, and consists in the application
and use of one or more vertical or oblique levers to the ends or other convenient
part of a railway or other carriage, vehicle, or vessel of any description, whereby
the power available for the draught of the same is more utilized and the load
moved with less power than hitherto necessary. To the lever is fixed one end of a
chain or wire cord, suitably connected with the usual drawing apparatus of the
carriage or vehicle, the direction of draught being converted from the vertical to
the horizontal by passing the chain or wire cord round pullies mounted at or near
the fulcrum of the levers. By this arrangement the directions of draught result
in a third direction, which is utilised for diminishing the power required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MULTIPLE COPIES OF WRITINGS, DRAWINGS, AND OTHER DELINEATIONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Arbuthnot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
WILLIAM ARBUTHNOT, of 28, Park Crescent, Portland Place, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING
MULTIPLE COPIES OF WRITINGS, DRAWINGS, AND OTHER DELINEATIONS."
This Invention relates to improvements on an Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to John Guy Wilson, No. 4606, dated 13th November 1878.
In carrying out the said Invention according to the said former Letters Patent
the apparatus employed consists of a shallow metallic tray or box which is half
filled with a mass or gelatinous bed, upon which the negative is to be produced. In
practice this apparatus has been found to present several inconveniences, as, for
example, if the ink forming the negative be left too long upon the bed, considerable
time has to be expended for removing the negative, and such removal necessitates
considerable friction which has a tendency to render the surface of the bed irregular
or uneven, and such unevenness or irregularity in the surface affects the clearness
of subsequent copies.
The main object of this Invention is to avoid these inconveniencies and the
present improvements consist chiefly in coating any suitable material such as paper
or cloth with a thin layer of a suitable solution such as or of the nature and
character of that described for forming the mass or bed in the Specification of the
said Letters Patent No. 4606, dated 13th November 1878, and such solution when
set or hardened will form a gelatinous surface upon which the negative is to be
produced.
The material thus coated may be used either in the form of a roll, from which a
length or lengths may be cut as required for or after use, or it may be formed into
sheets of any suitable size, such sheets being placed one above the other and pressed
together in the form of blocks, each sheet being detached after it has been made
use of
It is the intention of this Invention that the gelatinous coating herein before
described should only be of such thickness as will be necessary to absorb or retain a
sufficient quantity of ink forming the negative as to allow of producing the

page_text: required number of copies, although it may sometimes be found advisable to
employ a thicker coating, in which case the negative could be removed or washed
off and thus allow of other copies being taken from a fresh negative.
My improvements further relate to improving the durability of the mass or bed
employed in the said former Letters Patent, by adding to the materials employed
to form the mass a small quantity of chromate of potass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE WASTE OR CUTTINGS OF BUCKRAM, PARISNETT, AND OTHER SIMILAR WASTE FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Morton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879.
FREDERICK MORTON, of 28ª, Chalgrove Road, Morning Lane, Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF THE WASTE OR
CUTTINGS OF BUCKRAM, PARISNETT, AND OTHER SIMILAR WASTE FABRICS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the utilization of the waste or
cuttings of buckram, parisnett, and otlier similar waste fabrics.
I sort the buckram and net cuttings in the usual way, then I submit them to the
action of water heated to 180° to 200° Fahrenheit; by this means the stiffening is
softened.
The cuttings thus prepared are placed in a press box and submitted to hydraulic
or other pressure, and by this means the stiffening is squeezed out into a pan where
it can be evaporated to any consistency. The residue is put into a rag engine or
breaker and washed and converted into pulp which is available for the manufacture
of paper and for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF STAMPS OR DATING MACHINES, MORE ESPECIALLY USED FOR DATING AND NUMBERING RAILWAY TICKETS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patonts on the 29th September 1879.
JAMES ROBINSON, of Newcastle upon Tyne, Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF STAMPS OR DATING MACHINES, MORE
ESPECIALLY USED FOR DATING AND NUMBERING RAILWAY TICKETS."
This Invention has for its object facilitating the dating of railway and other
tickets, and to avoid the necessity of removing, altering, and resetting the type
daily, as it is done with the machines now in use.
With my Invention there is no possibility of making any mistake in the date
or number by putting in the wrong numbers or letters hurriedly, and the time
occupied in altering the date or numbers is not a tenth part of that of the old
system.
In one arrangement of my Invention the year figures are fixed at one side of the
dating wheel or disc, which figures remain fixed for one year. On the other
side of the day dating wheel or disc I fix the month type, which remain fixed
for one month.
The day dating wheel or disc is numbered on its outer edge with figures from 1 to 31,
with full stop on each side of figure, or in any other convenient manner; this
wheel or disc revolves on a through spindle in the rocking frame, and is provided
with 31 holes in the side radial with each number on the rim, for the purpose of
fixing the wheel or disc in its proper position for stamping the number or current
day of the month by means of a small piston working in a cylinder by spring or
otherwise fixed upon the rocking frame.
In another arrangement of my Invention I employ two wheels or discs, one
divided into 31, and engraved with figures on its outer edge as described to stamp
the day of the month.
The other wheel or disc is divided into twelve, and engraved at each division
with the usual initial letters of the months from Jan. to Dec.
By this arrangement type for the current year is fiexd into their proper position in
the rocking frame, as before described, and the only other alteration during the
whole year is to withdraw the small piston which keeps the disc in position, and
turn the disc one hole round each day, and place the piston into the corresponding
hole in the disc.
The other wheel or month disc is moved and fixed in a similar manner to that
of the day disc, and held in position by a similar piston.

page_text: I employ two ink and riband reservoirs or cylinders placed on each side of
rocking frame with a spindle in each, on which is rolled the riband by means of a
handle on each spindle. The riband passes over two rollers fixed on the rocking
frame, and under the face of the type and letters and numbers of the dating wheels
or discs.
Or instead of handles to move the inking riband over the type and numbers I
may employ a self acting ratchet motion fixed on the spindle, which gives a slight
lateral motion to the riband each time the rocking frames falls forward after
stamping a ticket..
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1879.
JOHN WATSON, of No. 53, Tatham Street, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Billiard Room Lessee. "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES,
JARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS."
My Invention relates to improved means of closing or stoppering bottles, jars,
and other similar vessels, containing either aerated or non-aerated liquids or other
commodities, and consists of a lid or stopper permanently attached to the neck or
mouth of the bottle or other vessel so that it cannot be lost or mislaid, and provided
with means whereby it may be readily opened and closed or secured, all as hereafter
described. The stopper consists of a plate or disc of glass, earthenware, or metal,
rather larger than the mouth of the bottle, faced on the underside with a convex
pad of indiarubber or other elastic substance, and provided with ears at opposite
sides to which wire links or equivalent connections are attached; one of the links
is permanently connected to a loop on a hoop fastened round the neck of the bottle,
and the other link terminates in a hook shaped catch which engages with another
loop on the hoop and holds the indiarubber faced stopper tightly down against the
mouth of the bottle or vessel which is thereby sealed or closed airtight. By simply
disconnecting the hook from the loop, the stopper may be thrown back on its hinge
to pour out or remove the contents of the bottle or other vessel.
MENTS IN STENCH TRAPS
Year: 1879

page_text: Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1879.
ABRAHAM WOOD, of Menstone, near Leeds, in the County of York.
MENTS IN STENCH TRAPS."
" IMPROVE-
My improvements consist in the construction of stench traps, completely pre-
venting thereby obnoxious smells and gases passing through them from the
drains or sewers and are applicable for sinks, baths, wash hand basins, and the
like.
These improvements are particularly applicable where there are strong cur-
rents of sewer gas, and may also be used in place of stench traps of ordinary
construction.
The Invention consists of a box or receiver provided with a cover which, when
used for sinks and the like purposes, is perforated in the ordinary manner, but to
the cover and underneath it is attached a funnel of such a length that the lower end
thereof passes sufficiently deep into the fluid which is contained in the box or
receiver, so that it is perfectly trapped and no obnoxious gases or smells can pass up
or round the sides of the funnel or through the cover.
I, by preference, screw the cover into the top of the box or receiver and provide
suitable packing or joint between it and the box or receiver to make it perfectly
air tight. By this arrangement the cover is readily fixed and easily removed for
cleansing purposes.
When I employ this stench trap for baths, wash hand basins, and the like pur-
poses, I provide and fit a movable plug into a hole in the centre of the cover, but do
not otherwise perforate the cover, and in all other respects it is of the same description
as the hereinbefore described stench trap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN URINE CUSHIONS FOR CHILDREN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1879. A communication from
Ferdinand Kleemann, a person resident at Obertürkheim, near Stuttgart, in
the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN URINE
CUSHIONS FOR CHILDREN." A communication from Ferdinand Kleemann, of
Obertürkheim, near Stuttgart, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in the manufacture of a tray or receptacle made of
rubber or other suitable material combined with a perforated and quilted cushion
or matrass, made also of rubber or other suitable material, and lined with wool,
hair, or other convenient substance, said cushion being detachable from and placed
and supported on and over said tray by pins, ridges, or other convenient supports
therein, so that convenient spaces are left in the said tray to hold the urine after
its passage through the perforated cushion, where it is prevented stopping by
reason of the many curved surfaces presented by the quilting. Both tray and
cushion can be washed.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE RECEPTACLE OR CASE FOR CARRYING SKATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1879. A communication
from abroad by Josef Schlesinger, of Breslau, in the German Empire.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE RECEPTACLE OR CASE FOR
CARRYING SKATES." [A. communication from abroad by Josef Schlesinger, of
Breslau, in the German Empire.]
According to the present Invention a portable receptacle for carrying skates is
constructed as follows:-A flat rectangular case has on one of its broad sides a
hinged lid, secured by straps and buttons or by any other suitable fastening.
Within the case is, firstly, a longitudinal partition dividing the space into two
oblong compartments of equal width, their width being somewhat greater than the
width of the heel portion of the foot plate of a skate, but less than the width of the
front part thereof. This partition is notched out in such a manner on each side of
its middle that in placing the skates flatwise in the compartments in inverted
positions, the wide part of each foot plate projects over the notched partition into
the other compartment, filling the space left in the latter by the hollow part of the
other foot plate. Each skate thus assumes a slightly oblique position in the case,
and on the bottom surface of the latter are fixed in correspondingly oblique
positions two longitudinal trough shaped pieces, so placed that when the skates are
introduced the blades thereof fit into the trough, and the skates are thus securely
held in position in the box. A flap is by preference hinged to the edge of the caso
opposite to that to which the lid is attached, so that in first closing down the said
flap and then folding the lid down over it the case is effectually closed.
The case is made of any suitable material, such as wood, papier maché, leather,
and the like, being by preference made of either of the last two named materials
for the sake of lightness, and to enable the body of the case to be stamped or
moulded in one piece. Suitable straps are attached to the narrow sides of the case,
to enable it to be slung over the shoulder or secured round the waist like a
cartridge pouch.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDING BOXES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mosedale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1879.
JOHN MOSEDALE, of Glossop, in the County of Derby.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDING BOXES."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to the construction of the moulding boxes employed in
moulding and casting articles in metal, the object of the Invention being to cheapen
their production, to decrease their weight, and to render them more adapted to be
used by unskilled persons than those hitherto employed.
In the first place, instead of forming the sides of the moulding boxes vertical
and parallel as hitherto, I make them of a double pyramidal form both internally
and externally, by which means I can make them lighter with the same strength,
or stronger with the same weight as before, and at the same time the sand (even
when unskilfully rammed) holds much better in the frame and is not so likely to
fall out when the box is lifted or turned over.
Secondly. At each corner of each half of the box I cast a solid lug, one half of the
box having a steel pin cast in each lug, and the other half having a corresponding
hole cast in each lug; and by these means I save the expense and trouble of
drilling the holes and fixing in the pins, and by the peculiar method of casting
hereinafter described these holes and pins are so accurately adjusted to each other
that they are interchangeable, that is to say, the top half of any one box will fit
the bottom half of any box of the same size. Wrought iron handles are also
similarly fixed into the boxes at the time of casting, thus saving the time and
expense of drilling holes and rivetting them therein as usually practised.
The pattern for making one half of each box is made in two pieces divided
horizontally so that it can be readily drawn out of the sand, the pattern having
lugs at the corners and pins accurately fixed therein.
This pattern being laid within a box in the moulding floor or table with the pins
upwards, a metal shell (bored to fit the pin) is placed over each pin and the sand is
then rammed in carefully. The box is then turned over and the pattern removed,
withdrawing the pins and leaving the shells accurately embedded in the sand
mould.
.
I then take say four steel pins with enlarged and grooved (or otherwise
roughened) heads, and place one in the hole of each shell so that the head projects.

page_text: I then proceed to mould the other half of the pattern in a similar box, and when
the two are adjusted and fixed together I run in the metal, and the steel pins will
then be firmly and accurately embedded in the casting. In making the other half
of the moulding box I employ core prints and cores for casting the corresponding
holes in the lugs, and by these means perfect accuracy is obtained so that the half 5
boxes are interchangeable as above mentioned, and a great economy in the manu-
facture and use of the same is thereby effected.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Runkel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1879.
MARC RUNKEL, of 12, Greek Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED SAFETY ENVELOPE FOR LETTERS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention consists of an improved safety envelope for letters and other
similar purposes, and its object is,—
1st. To close an envelope in such a way as to render immediately discernable all
attempts to tamper with the contents in the manner hereinafter described.
2nd. To print on a part of the letter which passes through an incision of the
envelope the date and place of the posting or mailing of the letter so as to give
to the letter the authenticity which it could not obtain with the envelopes now
in use.
The advantages of my Invention aro,—
1st. This envelope can only be opened by tearing them to pieces, or by leaving
very visible traces in case of being tampered with.
2nd. They may be exposed for a long time to damp or even water without them-
selves opening.
3rd. The date and place of deposit or posting which is stamped by the postal
authorities on all letters will be printed on the letter itself instead of remaining on
the envelope.
To obtain this result I make incisions in the extremities of the envelopes, and
these incisions are made in such a way that while two of them form a buttonhole
the two opposite ones are made to pass through them. For this purpose they are
cut in on either side so that the two corners may be folded up for the purpose of
making them smaller.
When these ends are passed through the opposite ones they are folded up and
stuck together by wetting the gum in the ordinary way.
It is obvious that those two ends which pass through the others, and which are
withheld by the hooks formed by the incisions, cannot possibly give way except by
some effect or strain, even when the gum is moistened or dissolved. The ends may
be provided with initials, either printed or cut out, or any other known arrangement
of the kind for the purpose of setting some still greater difficulty to the fraudulent
opening of the letter.
The price of these envelopes does not exceed that of the ordinary ones,
and in cases where the secrecy of the correspondence is not absolutely wanted

page_text: they may be used as ordinary envelopes, that is to say, they may answer for two
purposes.
To effect the adhesion of the stamp to the letter itself after the envelope has been
taken off I proceed in the following manner:-
I cut an incision (in the front side in preference) in the envelope. Through this
incision I let pass a tongue or a strip of the paper which forms part of the letter
itself; on this strip, which is gummed and stuck to the envelope, the stamp is to be
placed. Thus by tearing off the envelope the only necessary precaution to be taken
consists in holding the thumb upon the stamp which will adhere to the letter itself,
and by this means will give it an authenticity which would not exist without the
stamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING AND PRINTING SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Mann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
HENRY MANN, of the Firm of Henry Mann, Son, & Co., of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EMBOSSING AND PRINTING SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER FABRICS."
My Invention consists, firstly, in embossing with a flowered or figured pattern
scarves, neckties, and other similar articles of silk, cotton, and other fabrics in the
following manner :-The pattern to be produced is engraved on rollers in a spiral
direction, the raised pattern on one roller forming a right hand spiral, and the
recessed pattern in the other roller forming a left hand spiral. One of these rollers
is heated by the introduction of a hot iron, steam, or otherwise, and the fabric to be
embossed is passed between them, thus forming a raised pattern according to the
design upon the rollers.
The second part of my Invention consists in printing patterns for scarves,
neckties, and other similar articles by spiral patterns engraved on the printing
rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECORDING APPARATUS FOR PIANOS AND SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugen Schultz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1879. A communication from
Pierre Adalbert Hugo Merguet, Doctor of Philosophy, of Königsberg, in the
Empire of Germany.
EUGEN SCHULTZ, of 16, Französische Strasse, Berlin, in thé Empire of Germany,
Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECORDING APPARATUS FOR
PIANOS AND SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS." A communication from Pierre Adalbert
Hugo Merguet, Doctor of Philosophy, of Königsberg, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention relates to an apparatus for recording or fixing on paper pieces of
music when played on the piano or similar instrument, and consists in transmitting
the motion of every key of the piano upon a pencil or other marking instrument,
which presses against a travelling paper band as soon as the corresponding key is
touched, the pencils being placed in a row in the same order as the keys. This
can be effected by placing under every key a vertical rod attached with its lower
end to a short double armed lever connected by a cord or wire with a hammer or
pencil holder situated under and near the middle of the piano, the said hammers
being placed in a row and pointing with their ends against a roller over which the
paper band is travelling at a constant speed, and producing on the said band
marks depending in length and intensity upon the length and intensity of the
touch. The roller may be covered with a suitable coloring substance, and the
travelling band ruled with lines having a different color for every octave. The
travelling band is wound off from a roller and passes over guide rollers to another
roller by means of clockwork which gives to the circumference of the second roller
a constant speed, and the whole apparatus is mounted upon a frame which may be
attached to a piano or similar instrument.