matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING PORTFOLIOS, MUSIC BOOKS, BRIEF CASES, AND POCKET BOOKS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Willson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January
1854.
I, EDWARD JOHN WILLSON, of No. 477, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Naturalist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING PORTFOLIOS, MUSIC BOOKS, BRIEF CASES, AND
POCKET BOOKS" to be as follows:
. After the covers are prepared, several elastic bands composed of silk, cotton,
and india-rubber are inserted about an inch from the outer edge on the outside
of the cover, by which means the back is made to expand or compress; and as
regards the inside, a flap made of bookbinder's cloth or leather is so fixed as to
form a back when drawn out or expanded, and thus assists in preventing its
contents from falling out. The opening is also secured by elastic bands or
silk ties.
A WIND GUARD TO CURE SMOKY CHIMNEYS, OR VENTILATE ROOMS OR BUILDINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Suter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd December
1854.
I, ALFRED SUTER, of 65, Fenchurch Street, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A WIND GUARD TO CURE SMOKY CHIMNEYS, OR
VENTILATE ROOMS OR BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
It is made to fit on a common earthen chimney pot, or to a flue where there
is not a pot; it is made of zinc, iron, or copper, as follows:-A chimney pot,
ab 12 inches high by 9 or 10 inches diameter, over the mouth of which is
fixed, by rods ab 5 inches high, a disc, the same size as the mouth of the pot,
thereby leaving an ample smoke opening, to protect which from the wind
a band is placed round the smoke opening, abt 7 inches deep by 18 inches
diameter, fixed to the edges of the pot and the disc by rods, and covering by
abt 1 inch the edge of the pot and the disc, thereby entirely preventing the
smoke being blown back into the chimney, the smoke having free egress at
the top and bottom of the guard band.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOOD AND VEGETABLE MATTERS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE FIBRE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Israel Swindells at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July 1854.
I, ISRAEL SWINDELLS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WOOD AND VEGETABLE MATTERS FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE FIBRE" to be as follows:-
My improvements apply to vegetable matter in general, and consist prin-
cipally in producing therefrom a fibrous material, which may be termed
vegetable wool, as it possesses such appearance, and also in certain states of
flax or hemp.
Such production or vegetable fibre may be employed in the arts or manu-
factures, and is as capable of being spun and woven as other textile materials,
and particularly suitable to the manufacture of paper.
The process I employ is as follows:-
To reduce wood, such as waste cuttings of timber, loppings of trees, dyers'
waste wood or spent wood, underwood, weeds, or other vegetable matter, I
take any of the alkalis and digest the wood or vegetable matters in any con-
venient vessel. For wood, I take one pound of any caustic alkali or any
caustic earth to one gallon of water, and steep for any length of time until I
produce the desired effect; I apply steam or any other heat to produce the

page_text: effect in a more rapid manner. I do not confine myself to the quantity or
strength of the alkali, which must depend on the strength of the matters to be
operated upon; neither do I limit myself to the use of alkali, as any of the
caustic earths will have the same effect; neither do I confine myself to the
caustic alkalis, as any of the carbonates will do, but I prefer the caustic alkalis,
as they will produce the effect sooner. For the more tender vegetable mat-
ters, such as leaves, &c., I use a weak solution of alkali or the above-named
earths, and I do not digest so long, as in the case of all woody matters. My
second method is to place the matters in a high pressure steam or other boiler,
with a less quantity of alkali or earths, and raise the temperature to 240
degrees, or more or less, of heat, and digest until I accomplish the desired
effect. I also can produce the effect without the addition of alkali or earths
for some of the more tender vegetable matters with high pressure steam
boilers or pans. I am enabled also to recover the various juices and oils which
the above-named materials contain, and form the residiums into manures or
carbonacious matter. Thirdly, in some of the more hardy woody matters I
apply an acid after the alkaline process'; and, lastly, I am also enabled to
recover the alkali used in the process.
AN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION OF GAS GENERALLY, BUT MORE PARTICULARLY WHEN EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF ILLUMINATION
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Latent was not given
by the Act.)
prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fawcett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July 1854.
I, JOHN FAWCETT, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
REGULATING AND ECONOMIZING THE CONSUMPTION OF GAS GENERALLY, BUT MORE
PARTICULARLY WHEN EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF ILLUMINATION," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to gas burners or jets of every denomi-
nation a ready means of adjusting the area of the opening through which the
gas passes; and this Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling the
proprietors of either public or private establishments to prevent their domestics
from using gas extravagantly; and an important feature in this Invention
consists in regulating the gas at the burner, instead of at the meter, as hereto-
fore generally practised; and further, in so constructing the burner, that when
it is adjusted it cannot be altered by any other person than that which has the
proper instrument for the purpose; and there is an index hand attached to the
burner, for the purpose of ascertaining whether the apparatus bas been tam-
pered with. The nature of this Invention will, however, be better understood
by the following description of the construction of the apparatus which I
employ for effecting the above objects, that is to say :-In addition to the cock

page_text: of the burner, as ordinarily employed for the purpose of turning the gas on and
off at the burner, I also employ another cock of the following construction,
that is to say, I form the seat of this last-mentioned cock with a long collar or
neck, and I employ a separate piece or key, which passes into said collar and
fits upon a piece fixed to or formed upon the large end of the plug; and to the
opposite end of said plug I fix one end of a hand or indicator, the other and
opposite end of which hand traverses over a dial plate fixed to the seat of the
cock, so that upon observing the position of the hand upon the said dial, when
the cock is adjusted, any attempt to alter the position of the cock by any other
instrument than the one designed for that purpose will be indicated upon
the dial.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND OVENS TO PROMOTE THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Sloughgrove and
James Henry Wheatley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th September 1854.
We, JOHN WILLIAM SLOUGHGROVE and JAMES HENRY WHEATLEY, of
Windsor St., Islington, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND OVENS TO PROMOTE THE
CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE," to be as follows:-
The furnace is fitted with two sets of fire bars placed behind each other;
between them is a space in which a moveable screen or bridge is worked. The
screen is made of two perforated metal plates, the sides and top of the bridgo
being closed, and the bottom left open to admit a current of air between the
plates. The shape of the screen or bridge will be made in accordance with
the form of the furnace and boiler, and it is to be raised or lowered by means
of a lever, a rack and pinion, a quadrant, or other similar mechanical arrange-
ment. Another screen or bridge similar to the foregoing is fitted at the end
of the second set of fire bars next the chimney shaft or flue; this screen may
be worked by similar means to the other, or one screen may be actuated by
a tube attached to the lever or rack, and the other by a rod fitted within the
tube. These screens when raised form a double bridge, the fire burning in
front of each. The fire nearest the flue is supplied with fuel by lowering

page_text: the front screen and pushing back a portion of the incandescent fuel from
the outer fire; the screen is then raised. When coal is thrown upon the
outer fire, the smoke and gaseous products arising from its combustion
pass through the screen and over the second fire, by which they are ignited
and consumed. The object of the second screen is to prevent the gaseous
matters passing over the incandescent fuel of the second fire too quickly,
and escaping into the chimney unconsumed. By the foregoing arrangement
the visible and combustible gases are entirely consumed, the heated air and
invisible vapour alone passing off by the chimney. In some cases the second
bridge or screen will not be required, but we reserve the right to vary the
details of this Invention.
A NEW CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHATES OF SODA, POTASSA, AND ALUMINA, OF NITRATES OF SODA AND POTASSA, OF SOAP, AND OF HYDROCHLORIC, SULPHURIC, STEARIC, MORGARIC, AND ELAIDIC ACIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Moinier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1854.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE MOINIER, of La Villette, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "A NEW CHEMICAL PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
SULPHATES OF SODA, POTASSA, AND ALUMINA, OF NITRATES OF SODA AND POTASSA, OF
SOAP, AND OF HYDROCHLORIC, SULPHURIC, STEARIC, MORGARIC, AND ELAIDIC ACIDS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying sulphurous, nitrous, and hyponitrous
vapors to the manufacture of various chemical products, such as the sulphates
of soda, potash, alumina, the nitrates of potash and soda, of hydrochloric,
sulphuric, stearic, morgaric, elaidic, and other acids, also of soap, in the following
manner :-
I cause the above-stated vapors to arrive either together or separately, by
means of a coil of pipe upon the substances to be heated, which are chloride
of sodium, nitrate of soda or potash, aluminous earth, fat or resinous bodies, or
oleic acid, and other substances of a similar nature, which are enclosed and
liquefied in a hermetically sealed vessel, separate from the retort, where the
gases are disengaged. After this first operation, which should occupy five or

page_text: six hours, the transformed substances are submitted to a second operation,
which consists in treating the solutions, viz, of chloride of sodium or nitrate
of soda, potash, or alluminous carths, with sulphuric acid, or merely by one of
the acids obtained during the operation of transforming fatty matters, over
water; or resinous bedies may also be treated separately by alkalies or acids
to convert them into soap suitable for purposes of illumination after under-
going the known processes of distillation, washing, and heavy pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR REMOVING THE POINTS FROM THE HAIRS OF RABBIT AND OTHER SKINS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1854

page_text: 2170
ceme prose w
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th September 1854.-A communication.
1, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR REMOVING
THE POINTS FROM THE HAIRS OF RABBIT AND OTHER SKINS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," a communication from Paul
Désiré Chaumont, a foreigner resident abroad, to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to the cutting or plucking off of the hard points or
extremities of the hair on rabbit and other skins, so as to leave merely the
soft downy fur on the skin. This is effected by the aid of a series of nippers
composed of bars or blades of metal, arranged to work in a frame by the
action of a crank connecting rod. The skin or skins to be operated upon are
carried on a drum underneath the nippers, and as it passes along, the nippers
lay hold of the extremity of the hairs, and remove them. In order that the
action shall be as nearly as possible analogous with the action of the thumb and
fore-finger, one of the nipping blades is grooved longitudinally at its nipping
edge, and is covered with caoutchouc, whilst the other nipping blade is knife-

page_text: edged or bevilled, to fit into the grooves of the first one. By this means an
elastic nipping action takes place as the caoutchouc gives way under the slight
pressure of the opposite blade, and is pushed into the groove where the tips of
the hair are held firmly, and ultimately plucked off by a backward move-
ment of the two blades combined; this last movement is allowed for by
springs of caoutchouc attached to each side of the nipping bars and to the
fixed portion of the framing.
THE MANUFACTURE OF CHROMATIC GLASS AND GLASS-FACED BRICKS, WHICH SAID BRICKS ARE APPLICABLE TO FACE WORK OR FRONTS OF BUILDINGS, BASEMENTS, PILASTERS, STRING COURSES, DOOR AND WINDOW HEADS, MEDALLIONS, CORNICES, IN PART OR WHOLE, OR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE A SUPERIOR FINISH AND DURABILITY ARE REQUIRED, A PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO BRICKS MADE WHOLLY OF CLAY
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Summerfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1854.
I, THOMAS SUMMERFIELD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"THE MANUFACTURE OF CHROMATIC GLASS AND GLASS-FACED BRICKS, WHICH SAID
BRICKS ARE APPLICABLE TO FACE WORK OR FRONTS OF BUILDINGS, BASEMENTS,
PILASTERS, STRING COURSES, DOOR AND WINDOW HEADS, MEDALLIONS, CORNICES, IN
PART OR WHOLE, OR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE A SUPERIOR FINISH AND DURABILITY ARE
REQUIRED, A PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO BRICKS MADE WHOLLY OF CLAY."
My improvements may be described under three heads, and relate, first, to
the mode of colouring the front or face edges of brick, which will be understood
by the following description :-I prepare common clay and press it into moulds
of the desired shape and size in the ordinary way; after which I place the brick
so moulded edgeway into another mould of the same length and thickness, but
a little deeper, which difference in depth I fill up with a colouring compound
consisting of the mixture usually employed in the making of glass, adding or
omitting such ingredients as I may or may not require in producing the desired
colour or colours. The bricks thus made may be dried and burnt in the usual
way.

page_text: The second part of my Invention relates simply to the making of brick
wholly of a suitable compound, so as to resemble marble or stone in colour and
appearance, the bases of which compound will be principally of glass.
The third and last part of my Invention relates to the shape; I propose
making face or front work bricks, whether such bricks be made of common
ground clay or in the manner I have described in the first and second part of
this my Provisional Specification, and will be understood by the following
description (that is to say)-It consists in making the flat sides and ends of
my bricks thinner and shorter than they are on the front edge.;..by this means
I have sufficient space for the use of mortar or cement, thereby allowing the
bricks to unite with each other on the front, avoiding the unsightly appearance
of the mortar or cement joints, and giving greater durability to the work by
effectually excluding the wet.
CON- SUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August 1854.
I, HENRY DAVEY, of No. 80, Kent Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CON-
SUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES" to be as follows:-
A box composed of iron, open at the bottom, fixed to the top of the furnace,
at about two-thirds of the distance from the door of the furnace to the flue
or end thereof, and reaching from side to side; through this box hot air is
supplied, by means of a metal tube passing from the front of the furnace into
the box; the hot atmospheric air thus introduced upon the fire causes the smoke
to be consumed at that spot.
For the more effectual consumption of the smoke at the periods of coaling
or making up the fire, a moveable iron drop, reaching from side to side of the
furnace, is suspended inside the box, which can be either raised or lowered by
means of a spindle and an iron rod passing to the front of the furnace through
the hot air tube.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CANNON AND PROJECTILE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crofts and William Cart-
wright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th November 1854.
We, JOHN CROFTS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, and WILLIAM CARTWRIGHT, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
CANNON AND PROJECTILE". to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a cannon to be loaded at the breech end, and
constructed as follows:-On the upper side of the cannon, at the place where
the touch-hole is usually situated, we form a longitudinal opening into the
bore of the cannon sufficiently large to permit of the cartridge being dropped
therein. A screw passes through the closed end of the cannon, by turning
which the cartridge is forced into the bore, and the said bore closed. The said
screw may have several threads, and hence have a rapid progressive motion on
being turned. A needle passes along the axis of the said screw, and after
the said screw has been driven home and made to close the end of the bore,
the said needle, on being struck, discharges the contents of the cartridge. A
spring effects the return motion of the said needle. The cannon is rifled, and
our projectile consists of an iron ball, the surface of which is covered with lead,
or other soft metal or alloy, which on the discharge engages in the rifle of the
barrel, and communicates a rotatory motion to the projectile.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING BONES
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Crowley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May 1854.—A
communication.
I, HENRY CROWLEY, of the City of Manchester, Iron Founder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
GRINDING BONES," (being a communication from Carston Tank Egeberg, of
Christiana, in Norway,) to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in various combinations of circular saws between
which the bones to be operated upon are made to pass. These saws are fixed
upon shafts and are held apart by plates of suitable thickness. The surfaces
of each combination of saws are made to revolve at various velocities and in
various directions where they act on the bones.
Other rollers with rough or toothed surfaces may be added for keeping the
bones in motion in the hopper.
By these means the bones are ground or cut into suitable sizes to render
them fit for manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPINDLES AND FLYERS FOR ROVING AND SLUBBING FRAMES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hyde and John Harper at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
18th March 1854.
We, JOHN HYDE, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Spindle and Flyer
Maker, and JOHN HARPER, of the same place, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
SPINDLES AND FLYERS FOR ROVING AND SLUBBING FRAMES" to be as follows:-
It consists in an improved mode of shaping the top of the spindle and the
socket of the flyer for the purpose of attaching the one to the other, whereby
we secure greater durability and firmness, as well as greater equality of wear
in the spindle bushes, than by the ordinary methods. To effect this, the mode
which we prefer is to make the top of the spindle square, and we square out
the interior of the socket to fit the same in four different positions, so as to
allow of such position being chosen at any time as may best adapt itself to
give an even wear to the bushes. We do not, however, confine ourselves to
four sides, as, instead of this, we can use any number of sides more than two,
in all cases preferring that the flyer should fit the spindle in as many positions
as there are sides. In order also to prevent the flyer from rising from the
spindle we lock it thereto by any of the following methods:-First, by causing

page_text: the roving before it passes down the leg of the flyer to press upon a pin or
stud which projects through the socket into a recess in the top of the flyer.
Second, by substituting, instead of the pressure of the roving, the pressure of
a spring, which may be acted on to release it when it is required to remove the
flyer by means of a thumb-piece. Third, by employing a sliding bolt which
we most conveniently place on the top of the balance leg of the flyer.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1854.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging what are termed high pressure
condensing steam engines, that they may be economically worked without the
use of air pumps, for getting rid of the water and vapour of condensation.
By this arrangement the exhaust is made slightly before the arrival of the
working piston at the bottom of its stroke. The exhaust steam then being
more or less above atmospheric pressure, blows or rushes directly through the
condenser, which is preferred to be in the form of a long narrow tube, fitted
with a clack or other valve opening outwards, this valvular end being immersed
in a water cistern. This rush of steam carries before it the air in the condenser
and passages, and discharges such air through the terminal valve. The cold
water injection is then let on, and the contained steam is then fully condensed;
after this the condensing water is shut off, and the succeeding rush of steam
then again drives out before it the contained air, and this process being repeated
at each stroke, the engine has an effective working vacuum independent of any
air pump.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PLATING IRON VESSELS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Getty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February 1854.
I, JOHN GETTY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ship Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
PLATING IRON VESSELS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of plating ships, whereby,
among other advantages, increased strength for the same weight of metal when
applied according to the old system will be obtained.
In carrying out this Invention I first cover the ribs of the vessel with plates,
arranged so as to break joint, and having their edges brought flush together
so as to form butt joints. On this covering of plates (which are attached to
the ribs by fastenings just sufficient to retain them in place), I overlay
another set of plates, which break joint with the plates already attached, and
having punched bolt holes in the two sets of plates corresponding to the lines
of bolt holes in the ribs, I pass bolts through the three thicknesses of metal,
and thereby permanently secure the plates in position.
In carrying out this Invention I use thinner plates than is requisite for
plating vessels after the ordinary manner, and if thought desirable, I may
employ three or even more layers of plates, and secure them in position as
above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCISSORS FROM STEEL AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1854.
I, EDWARD BROWN, Manufacturer, Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SCISSORS FROM STEEL AND OTHER METALS" to be as follows:-
In the first process I roll out steel or other metals to thickness required.
Beds and punches are then applied, according to the different patterns requisite.
The scissors are then produced in a rough state from the sheet steel or other
metals, by force or pressure, ready for the finisher.
A NEW MODE OF REMOVING ORGANIC VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM WOOLLEN FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurent Furcy Izart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1854.
I, LAURENT FURCY IZART, Manufacturer, of France, & of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "A NEW
MODE OF REMOVING ORGANIC VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM WOOLLEN FABRICS" to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying hydrochloric acid in a liquid or gaseous
state upon any kind of woollen fabrics, such as woollen rags, to remove the
cotton or other organic vegetable substance contained therein, in order to
render such woollen materials fit for being re-employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRUBBERS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tennant at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August 1854.
I, JOHN TENNANT, of Shields Monkton, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GRUBBERS FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES " to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement upon my well-known grubber, and
which is applicable to other descriptions of grubbers and similar implements.
The Invention consists in fixing to each prong or tooth of the grubber, at a
short distance from the point, a pair of lateral teeth, inclined backwards and
slightly upwards. The pair of lateral teeth may be made of one piece of metal,
and may be welded or otherwise fixed upon the back of the grubber prong.
Various proportions of the parts may be adopted, but I prefer to make the
lateral teeth of metal, about an inch in breadth and a quarter of an inch in
thickness. I make the lateral teeth about five inches long, and with about five
inches between the points, and I fix them to the grubber prong, so that their
points are about six inches and their root four inches above the level of the

page_text: ground when the grubber. is resting on the surface. These proportions, how-
ever, may be variously modified, but the Invention essentially consists in fixing
lateral teeth upon the grubber prongs, these teeth being inclined backwards.
A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF GUNS, AND A NEW FORM OF PROJECTILE PECULIARLY APPLICABLE TO SUCH GUNS, BUT WHICH CAN BE ALSO USED FOR ORDINARY GUNS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward De Mornay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1854.
I, EDWARD DE MORNAY, of No. 4, Cork Street, Burlington Gardens, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW CONSTRUCTION OF GUNS, AND A NEW FORM OF PROJECTILE
PECULIARLY APPLICABLE TO SUCH GUNS, BUT WHICH CAN BE ALSO USED FOR ORDINARY
GUNS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to afford greater facilities in the transport of
guns from one place to another, and in their manufacture when of large
caliber. I construct the gun out of a series of annular parts, and a breech
piece, which can be firmly bolted together, so as to present when put together
a servisable bore of any required diameter and length, and to be safe when
discharged, and so that when required to be removed it can be readily taken
to pieces. The ordinary ball can be used with these guns, but the projectile I
recommend to be used is a cylinder of solid iron, or other suitable metal,
smaller in circumference than the bore of the gun, to be flat or concave at the
end next to the charge, and conical or convex at the other end, which should
be weighted. Two or more rings of brass or other suitable substance is to be
fixed round the circumference of the cylinder, one of which shall be near each
extremity; longitudinal bars can be added connecting these rings, but so that
the rings and bars with the cylinder shall together form a body which shall
fit-the-caliber_of_the_gun, allowing for the convenient "windage." These
projectiles-can-be-used in-the-ordinary guns.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OMNIBUSES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADAPTING THEM TO BE DRAWN BY ONE HORSE, AND TO BE ATTENDED BY ONE MAN ONLY
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Bernhard Baron Von
Rathen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st February 1854.
I, ANTHONY BERNHARD Baron VON RATHEN, of Wells Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OMNIBUSES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADAPTING THEM TO BE DRAWN BY ONE
HORSE, AND TO BE ATTENDED BY ONE MAN ONLY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in fixing to the front of the omnibus a platform C, D,
with steps on both sides for passengers to ascend to enter the omnibus from
the front. The platforms on both sides of the horse are connected and held
together by trellis work or wicker work A. The passengers from the platform
enter the omnibus by doors G, which can be opened by the foot of the coach-
man at F, by a spring or other suitable means. The coachman has his seat
at E, and takes the fare, and no guard or conductor is wanted. By pulling a
cord in the omnibus any passenger can give the signal to the coachman to
stop; passengers are only to be carried inside the omnibus, and I propose that
no heavy luggage should be taken. The seats inside are so arranged that the
greatest part of the weight rests upon the hind wheels. The doors G may be
replaced by a curtain if more convenient, which also will save weight.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Armstrong and James
Bernard Dew at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th July 1854.
We, ROBERT ARMSTRONG, of IIall Street, City Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, and JAMES BERNARD DEW, of Pentonville, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE" to be as
follows:-
We construct a passage through or behind the bridge at the back of the
furnace of a steam boiler or other furnace, and we place under the lower
opening of this passage a horizontal or inclined plate, extending under the fire-
bars and turning upon a joint or hinge. A rod is connected to this jointed
plate, by which it can be raised or lowered, so as to adjust its distance from
the fire bars. The air passes between this plate and the fire bars and thus
becomes heated, and then ascends through the aforesaid passage and mixes
with the smoke and gases passing over the bridge, and effects their combustion.
We place a valve in the aforesaid passage, which valve is moved by a stud
attached to the plate, so that when the plate is lowered this valve is closed.
The air may thus be shut off at night, or whenever required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATION BY MEANS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Christopher Witty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1854.
I, ROBERT CHRISTOPHER WITTY, of No. 9. Torriano Avenue, Camden Road
Villas, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATION BY MEANS OF
ARTIFICIAL LIGHT" to be as follows (that is to say):
-
By placing a reflector in a central position within a circle of flame or
within a series of jets of flame placed or burning in a circle, for the purpose
of increasing the illuminating effect of the light given out by such flame or
flames.
The flame or flames being thus placed round a central reflector, the rays of
light falling upon the reflector are reflected and disseminated in all directions
around it.
The reflector may be made of any material proper for producing reflection,
which will bear the heat produced by the flame of a burning body, and it may
be made circular, fluted, octagenal, or of any other shape which may be deemed
best or most elegant. The flame or flames may be such as are produced by
burning gas, oil, or any other material burnt for illuminating purposes, and the
flame or flames may be made or caused to burn in a circle round a reflector by
any apparatus applicable for that purpose.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Whitworth Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
June 1854. A communication.
-
I, JAMES WHITWORTH SHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER," (being a
communication from Don Manuel Maria José Trinidad Miciano y-Contillo,
residing at Cadiz, in the Kingdom of Spain,) to be as follows, that is to
say:-
The Invention consists in a certain arrangement and combination of an axle
with a system of shifting radial arms or levers, furnished with weights, and
maintaining a motive power by the force of gravity alone, without any other
agent than mechanism.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING COMPOUNDS OF CHOCOLATE, COCOA, AND OTHER INGREDIENTS FOR BREAKFAST AND OCCASIONAL BEVERAGES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jesse Ross, of Keighley, in the County of York,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING COMPOUNDS OF
CHOCOLATE, COCOA, AND OTHER INGREDIENTS FOR BREAKFAST AND OCCASIONAL
BEVERAGES."
Sealed the 7th April 1854, and dated the 7th January 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jesse Ross at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1854.
I, JESSE Ross, of Keighley, in the County of York, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING COM-
POUNDS OF CHOCOLATE, COCOA, AND OTHER INGREDIENTS FOR BREAKFAST AND OCCASIONAL
BEVERAGES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a new beverage by the mixing
together for sale cocoa or chocolate and coffee; cocoa, or chocolate, coffee, and
chicory; cocoa, chocolate, and coffee; or cocoa, chocolate, coffee and chicory;
such mixtures being exceedingly nutritious and palatable. The ingredients
may be in various proportions and combinations, but it is preferred to employ
the following combinations and quantities of each, that is to say:-

page_text: First, forty pounds of cocoa and sixty pounds of coffee to make a hundred
pounds.
Secondly, forty pounds of cocoa, forty pounds of coffee, and twenty pounds of
chicory, to make the same amount.
Thirdly, twenty pounds of cocoa, twenty pounds of chocolate powders, and
sixty pounds of coffee.
Fourthly, twenty pounds of cocoa, twenty pounds of chocolate powders, forty
pounds of coffee, and twenty pounds, of chicory.
Fifthly, forty pounds-of-chocolate powders.and sixty pounds of coffee.
Sixthly, forty pounds of chocolate powders, forty pounds of coffee, and
twenty pounds of chicory.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND LATCHES, SPINDLES AND KNOBS, APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June 1854.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOCKS AND LATCHES, SPINDLES AND
KNOBS, APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Instead of the mode of fastening knobs of door or other locks as now
practised, such as by Pitt's Patent, 1844, or Kennedy's design, 8th April,
1846, the first of which is a plain spindle working loose through the lock (for
opening the door), and passing into the knobs on each side of the door,
such knobs being fastened to the door independantly of the lock or
spindle, the second, having a notched spindle which passes into the knobs,
and is held by screws in its place,-I propose to use a spindle of any
form, except at the under part, which must be flat. On the flat part are
two springs, either made in the solid spindle or affixed to the flat surface,
as may be preferred. Each door knob is so made as to have a projection
to stop the spring when in its place, as shown in the Drawing, in which
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the door and spindle with one
knob aflixed thereto; Figure 2, the second knob seperate; and Figure 3,
an end view of the spindle and spring catch. In these, a, a, represents the
spindle with the springs b, b, thereon; c, c, shews two door knobs in section,

page_text: the one having the spring in its bed, and stopped on one side the door; the
other loose, and shewing the formation of the bed and stop. f, f, small apertures,
for the purpose of introducing a wire or other instrument for the purpose of
pushing back the spring; d, the lock; and e, the door. I merely give this
Drawing to shew one application of the spring spindle and knob socket, but
do not confine myself thereto.
The action of fixing is thus-Place the spindle through the lock in the
usual way, approach both knobs simultaneously to the ends, and press on to
the door; the spring snaps into the socket, and the knobs are fixed. To remove
them, when required, pass a bradawl through the small hole f, press on the
spring, and slide the knob off. This Invention supersedes the use of screws,
screw threads, mountings, and seperate roses, as at present used, and will be
found simple, economical, and effectual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING FUEL AND WATER TO LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES OR TO THE TENDERS OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Meason at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April 1854.
I, CHARLES MEASON, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SUPPLYING FUEL AND WATER TO LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES OR TO THE TENDERS OF
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES" to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to the convenient supplying of fuel and water to
locomotive engines without tenders, or separable receptacles for the same, as
well as to such locomotive engines as have tenders. I construct.a cellar or vault
underneath the line of railway, the said vault having a raised platform, on which
the fuel is allowed to fall through the bottoms of the wagons bringing it, and
through holes in the top of the said vault. On a lower level than the plat-
form in the vault is a tramroad running parallel with the platform, and on the
tramroad lorrys or small wagons to carry buckets or receptacles. Workmen
fill the buckets from the fuel on the platform, and the filled buckets, after
having been brought to the proper place by the wagons on the tramway, are
raised from the vault through an opening in the top thereof by means of a
crane, and the fuel in the said buckets is made to fall from the same by opening
a valve or trap in the bottom of each bucket, the said fuel being received in
the proper receptacle on the locomotive or tender. The "coking crane" or
crane, by which the fuel is raised from the vault, is worked either by water or
steam, acting on a piston, either in the upright shaft of the crane or in a vertical
or horizontal cylinder, the upward motion of the piston in the former case and
the horizontal motion in the latter case, where necessary, being reversed by a
.

page_text: chain or cord passing over a pulley. I prefer attaching the coking crane to
the "water pillar" (by which water is supplied to the locomotive or tender), by
means of brackets or other iron work. In the said water piller I place the self-
acting valve, by which the water is turned on and shut off from the water pillar
(on turning the same through a quadrant) at the bottom of the said pillar, so
that the pressure of the water in the pillar may counteract any tendency to
leak in the said valve. I also place a valve, as usual, at or near the end of the
delivery pipe of the water pillar, so as more effectually to guard against leakage
and the escape of water. When the valve at the bottom of the pillar is partially
opened I attach to the vertical shafts of the coking crane and water pillar
handles or other convenient means of enabling a person on the line of railway
to turn the same into the necessary positions. The water used for working the
coking crane is derived from the same source as that of the water pillar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 23rd June 1854.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, & 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS" to be as follows:-
The Invention communicated to me consists in improvements in the
manufacture of nails; the construction of the machinery is shewn in the
accompanying Drawing, the description of which, and of the Invention, is as
follows:-.
The machinery consists of two cylinders A, B, shewn in section. A groove
P, is made in the lower cylinder B, each of the three internal sides of which
has the form of one side of a nail; the three sides being united present the
form of the three sides of a nail, and the groove being divided into six parts
re-affords the space for six nails. The upper cylinder A shews in relief a
projection O, having its upper circular face of the form of one of the four faces
of a nail, which, corresponding with the groove P, leave between it and the

page_text: bottom of the groove a space, having the complete form of a nail. The guide
R serves for the introduction of the bar of metal under the cylinder. By
causing the cylinders to rotate, the bar is reduced into nails, of the form
shewn at T.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LIGHTING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICE
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June 1854.
I, WILLIAM ALLDRITT, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Brass
Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LIGHTING AND VENTILATING" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement for carrying off the heated and
noxious air and gases from gas lights used for illumination, and refers more
particularly to the description of gas chandeliers which depend from the ceilings
of apartments, and are capable of being set at different heights, the gas pipes
being provided with telescopic water joints or other arrangement for this
purpose. The Invention consists in the employment of a telescopic tube in
combination with the arrangement of chandelier referred to. This tube conveys
the heated air and gases from above the flame of the gas light through the
ceiling, and thence to the atmosphere. The wider sections of the draught
tube are placed uppermost, and the lower portions of smaller diameter rise
inside them, on the chandelier being raised. According to one modification of
these arrangements, the telescopic draught tube forms the centre of the chan-
delier, and the gas is conveyed to the burner or burners below by one or more
side pipes, provided with telescopic water or other joints. The lower moveable
part of the chandelier may be connected to the upper fixed part in any of the
ordinary well-known ways. Instead of the telescopic water-joint arrangement,

page_text: the upper and lower portions of the gas pipe may be connected by flexible
tubing, which will form a festoon on the chandelier being raised, whilst on the
latter being lowered it will be stretched out. The lower part of the draught
tube opens above the gas flame in the glass globe if one is employed, or in a
trumpet or bell-shaped mouth of any suitable material; and where there are
two or more burners, branch tubes are carried from the main draught tubo to
them; or there may be two or more draught tubes carried up to the ceiling or
to the upper part of the chandelier, and communicating with a single passage
therein, and a single central gas pipe may be used in combination with two
or moro lateral draught tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND OTHERWISE TREATING WHEAT, RICE, AND ALL OTHER GRAIN AND GRANULATED SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1854.
I, JOSEPH MARTIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Corn and
Rice Miller and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING AND OTHERWISE TREATING WHEAT,
RICE, AND ALL OTHER GRAIN AND GRANULATED SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in dispensing with the ordinary shafts and gearing
now in use, and instead thereof applying direct action to the stone shafts
or spindles, by connecting them at once with the piston rod of a steam
cylinder.
My improvements are also applicable to the cleaning of wheat, rice, and
other grain and granulated substances.