IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN FLEXIBLE ELASTIC WATERPROOF SHEETS AS SUBSTITUTES FOR OILED SILK, INDIA-RUBBER SHEETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR WATERPROOF MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Joseph William Parnacott, Engineer,
of Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN FLEXIBLE ELASTIC WATERPROOF
SHEETS AS SUBSTITUTES FOR OILED SILK, INDIA-RUBBER SHEETS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR WATERPROOF MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
"
Scaled the 24th October 1871, and dated the 5th August 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Joseph William
Parnacott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th August 1871.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, Engineer, of Leeds, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN FLEXIBLE ELASTIC
WATERPROOF SHEETS AS SUBSTITUTES FOR OILED SILK, INDIA-RUBBER SHEETS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR WATERPROOF MATERIALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention refers to the manufacture of the com-
position as hereafter described. In the composition of this material I

page_text: ઃઃ
use gutta percha, of which waste pieces may be used, such as the
cuttings of bands, shoe soles, or the turnings from such articles known
as bosses," used on flax, silk, cotton, or worsted spinning machinery.
This is subjected to heat until brought to a soft state. I then add
ordinary pitch, Burgundy pitch, tar, ballata, and consolidated oil. These
substances are all thoroughly mixed in a pug mill or masticator, which
is heated by steam during the operation. When properly amalgamated
the compound is taken from the pug mill or masticator and moulded to
a suitable form, according to the purposes for which the material is
required.
When large sheets are required I mould the compound into a
cylindrical form having a mandril through its centre or axis, which by
preference I make square; this I mount between centres on a lathe
The
provided with bed and headstocks of ordinary construction.
cutting tool is made of any required width according to the breadth of
the material required, and it is carried on a table fitted on to a suitable
rest or support so as to slide freely. On the sliding table in bearings
I also mount a loose roller of any required length, which is arranged so
as to work against the face or periphery of the material during the
cutting operation. This roller is kept against the face by means of
levers and weights or other known mechanical means acting upon the
sliding table. By this arrangement the cutting tool is guided or con-
ducted over any irregularity or deviation from the cylindrical form that
might occur from imperfection in moulding or otherwise. By this
arrangement a sheet may be cut to any required length, width, or
thickness, preserving uniformity in thickness throughout. Sheets cut
in this manner may be employed as coverings for wounds, also for the
linings of cloaks, coats, or other kinds of wearing apparel or coverings
for waterproofing purposes.
When small sheets are required I mould the compound into forms
suitable to the purposes for which it is required, which shape or mould
may be oval or otherwise. The bottom part of the form is moulded or
dovetailed in a cast-iron plate. When the compound is sufficiently cold,
it is taken from the mould and fixed securely by means of the plate to
the table of a planing machine, which is similar in construction to an
iron planing machine, except that the cutter is (or cutters are) much
broader and of a similar construction to those used on wood planing
machines, and fixed on a suitable carrier on the cross slide, having a

page_text: vertical self-acting motion of the ordinary construction used for iron
planing machines. Any required number of forms may be mounted and
fixed on the table, which is provided with a horizontal traverse motion, as
in ordinary planing machines. Sheets cut in this manner may be used
for lining for hats, caps, and other purposes.
It will be found necessary to have a quantity of water running on to
the material during the above cutting operations for the purpose of
keeping it cool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 3rd February 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, Engineer, of Leeds, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, Her
special licence, that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CERTAIN FLEXIBLE ELASTIC WATERPROOF SHEETS AS SUBSTITUTES FOR OILED SILK,
INDIA-RUBBER SHEETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR WATERPROOF MATERIALS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOB," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,
that is to say :-
:-
The first part of my Invention refers to the manufacture of the
composition, as hereafter described. In the composition of this material
I use gutta percha, of which waste pieces may be used, such as the
cuttings of bands, shoe soles, or the turnings from such articles known
as "bosses," used on flax, silk, cotton, or worsted spinning machinery.
This is subjected to heat until brought to a soft state. I then add
ordinary pitch, Burgundy pitch, Stockholm tar, ballata, and consoli-
dated oil in or about the following proportions:-To 1 cwt. of gutta
percha I add 1 cwt. of common pitch, 1 cwt. of Burgundy pitch,
1 cwt. of Stockholm tar, 1 cwt. of ballata, and 12 cwts. of consoli-
dated oil. These substances are all thoroughly mixed in a pug mill or
masticator, which is heated by steam during the operation. When
properly amalgamated the compound is taken from the pug mill or
masticator and moulded to a suitable form according to the purposes for
which the material is required.
The second part of my Invention refers to the production of sheets,
and in order that this part of my Invention may be more completely
understood, reference is made to the two accompanying Sheets of
Drawings of machinery constructed in accordance therewith.
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is a front elevation, Fig. 2 an end elevation, Fig. 3
a plan, Figs. 4 and 5 arrangement of machine or apparatus for cutting
large sheets. I mould the compound into a cylindrical form, having a
mandril through its centre, as shewn in dotted red lines in Fig. 1.
This I mount between centres on a lathe provided with a bed a, and
headstocks b and c of ordinary construction. The cutting tool d is
made of any required width according to the breadth of the material

page_text: q
required, and is carried on a table e, fitted on to a slide rest or saddle f.
On the sliding table e I also mount the arms g which support the loose
roller h, which is arranged so as to work against the face or periphery
of the material during the cutting operation. This roller h is kept up
to the face by means of the regulating nuts i on the screws j, whereby
the roller may be readily adjusted to suit the position of the cutter d.
The cutting tool d is of a similar construction to cutting tools on wood
planing machines, and is adjusted by the set screws k, and retained in
position by the bolts 1. By this arrangement of loose roller / the
cutting tool is guided or conducted over any irregularity or deviation
from the cylindrical form that might occur from the imperfection of
moulding. As the cylinder decreases in diameter during the cutting
operation of the sheets, the cutting tool and sliding table are kept up to
their work by means of the weight m which is attached to the sliding
table at n by means of the cord o which is passed over the guide pulley p.
I give a reciprocating movement to the cutting tool from the shaft
of the driving apparatus (Figs. 4 and 5), on which is fixed the eccen-
tric r; as the shaft q revolves the eccentric imparts an up and down
motion to the lever s, which is transmitted to the saddle or slide rest f
by means of the rod t and levers u and v and thence to the cutting tool.
I bring the cutting tool up to its work by means of the screw w and.
nut x.
The nut is then thrown out of gear with the screw to allow the.
weight m free action. For this purpose I provide only a half nut which
is hinged as shewn at y, so that by removing the catch z it may be aasily
withdrawn from the screw by the operator. A continuous supply of
water is provided by means of the can 1, and allowed to run onto the
material through the perforated pipe 2; the water afterwards passes into
the trough 3, and is by it conducted on to the cutting tool, so that both
the cutting tool and material are kept perfectly cool.
By this arrange-
ment a sheet may be cut to any required length, width, or thickness,
preserving uniformity throughout. Sheets cut in this manner may be
employed as coverings for wounds, also for the linings of cloaks, coats,
or other kinds of wearing apparel, or coverings for waterproofing
purposes.
Sheet 2 shows an arrangement of machine for cutting small sheets, in
which Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a front elevation, and Fig. 3 a
plan of cross slide and tool holder. I mould the compound into forms
suitable to the purpose for which it is required, which shape or mould

page_text: may be oval or otherwise. The bottom part of the form a, Figs. 1 and 2,
is moulded or dovetailed into a plate 6, which is of cast iron. When the
compound is sufficiently cool it is taken from the mould and fixed
securely with the plate 6 to the table c by means of the bolts d. This
planing machine is of a similar construction to an iron planing machine,
except that the cutter or cutters is or are much broader and of a similar
construction to those used on wood planing machines.
In my Drawing I have shewn one broad cutting tool e, which I fix
on to a carrier ƒ fitted so as to slide freely, as shewn on the cross slide g.
The cross slide receives a vertical self-acting motion from the tappet
shaft (which is of the ordinary construction used on iron planing
machines) through the ratchet motion and gearing shewn at i and the
screws j and nuts k. Each nut is made in two parts, 1 and 2, so that
should any back lash take place on account of the wear it is readily
taken up. The cutting tool is retained in position by the bolts 1, and set
up to its work by the set screws m in the same manner as shewn on
Sheet 1. I impart a lateral reciprocating motion to the cutter from the
crank n, attached to the carrier f by the connecting rod o.
The rotary
motion is given to the crank from the table c whilst in motion by means
of a rack p and pinion q through the shaft ", which is made to slide in
its bearings s as the cross slide rises or falls. A continuous supply of
water is applied to the cutting tool and material during the operation
from the can t. The remaining portions of the machine are exactly of
the same construction as an ordinary iron planing machine.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I would remark in con-
clusion that I do not limit myself to the exact details, limits, and
configuration of parts I have described and shewn, as the same may of
course be varied or modified without in any way departing from the
nature and principle of my Invention, but what I do claim and desire to
be secured to me by Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The combining of gutta percha, ordinary pitch, Burgundy
pitch, Stockholm tar, ballata, and consolidated oil in or about the
proportions given so as to obtain a new product substantially as herein
set forth.
Secondly. The employment of this new product in the manner and for

page_text: Thirdly. The arrangement, construction, and application of machines
shewn on Sheets 1 and 2 for cutting sheets substantially as herein set
forth.
-
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.