matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS AND RAILWAY CHAIRS as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: I THOMAS GIRDWOOD HARDIE of Holly Mount Burnley in the County of
Lancaster Civil Engineer. do hereby declare the nature of said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILS AND RAILWAY CHAIRS
as follows:-
"
to be
The round headed form of rail in general use affords a very limited bearing for
the wheels that run thereon until the rails and wheels have worn into each other,
and in such wearing form an annular concavity in the face of the wheels, thereby
preventing free lateral motion of the carriage axles on which the wheels are
mounted, and resulting in springing the rails, chairs and sleepers and often causing
accidents.
Now the object of my invention is to remedy these defects and to give greater
durability both to the rails and wheels.
According to my invention I make the top or bearing part of the rail perfectly
flat, rounding it only at that point that has to fit the fillet of the wheel flange on
the gauge side, and so form the top of rail at an angle to suit the cone or taper of
the wheel. By so doing with the same width of head and weight of rail I obtain
increased wearing surface and at the same time cause the rails and wheels to last
much longer.
I do not confine myself to any particular width of head or depth of rail, or form
of foot or bottom of rail resting on chair; but I make the head of rail of such a
form that the wheels bear on the entire surface thereof. I make the base of the
chairs for these rails the full width of the sleeper so as to prevent "galling" or
working into the sleeper so rapidly as is the case with chairs having a narrow base
although such chairs are applicable to other rails. I also make or form the chair so
that the rail shall have a bearing thereon the full width of the base. Hence by
the combined increased bearing of the chair on the sleeper, the rail on the chair,
and the wheels on the rail, a greatly incresed "life". is given to these parts at a
very small additional cost, and more especially are these improvements required to
diminish the working expenses caused by the increased and still increasing weight
of engines now in use.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and what manner the same is to be performed I declare what
I claim is
1st. Is to form the head of the Rail with no rounding but that to fit the Fillet
of the Wheel Flange on the gauge side of Rail, but straight and level, and to fit
the taper or cone of the Wheels so that they shall bear right across the Rail and
by preference would not make the head of less width than three inches.
2nd. I also increase the width of the bottom of the Rail where it rests on the
Chair, and also so construct the Chair as to give the Rail a bearing on it of the full
width of the Sleeper say 10 inches in length or more.
3rd. I also so construct the base or bottom of the Chair so that it has a bearing
on it of the full width of the Sleeper so as to prevent the Chair indenting or galling
into the Sleeper by this increased base.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES
Year: 1885

page_text: I DANIEL ROWLINSON RATCLIFF of 28 Finsbury Pavement in the City of
London Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of Safes of the
description for which I am now applying for Letters Patent No 7389 dated
17th June 1885.
According to my present improvements I make the safes with walls or sides of
cast iron as described in the Provisional Specification lodged with my application
for the aforesaid Patent selecting in this case cast iron which is very hard but
which is capable of being annealed. After the walls or sides of the safe have been
cast they are annealed from their outsides or from their insides or from both their
insides and outsides so that their substance or thickness is in part softened or
altered to annealed cast iron a part of their substance or thickness remaining in
the original hard condition. The latter part forms a protection against drilling whilst
the annealed portion acts as a protection against fracture of the safe, the mode of
production as pointed out in my aforesaid Provisional Specification being very
economical and efficient.

page_text: I, DANTEL ROWLINSON RATCLIFF of 28 Finsbury Pavement in the City of
London, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of Safes of the
description for which I am now applying for Letters Patent N° 7389 dated
17th June 1885.
According to my present improvements I preferably make the Safes with walls
or sides of cast iron as described in the Specification of my application for the
aforesaid Patent but cast steel may be used. I select cast iron or steel which is
very hard but which is capable of being partially annealed. After the walls or
sides of the Safe have been cast they are partially annealed from their outsides or
from their insides or from both their insides and outsides so that their substance
or thickness is in part softened or altered a part of their substance or thickness
remaining more or less in or approaching the original hard condition. The latter
part forms a protection against drilling whilst the more annealed portion acts as a
protection against fracture of the safe. The mode of production as pointed out in
my aforesaid Specification being very economical and efficient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The manufacture of Safes from thick and hard cast iron or steel capable of being
partially annealed and partially annealed through a part or parts of the thickness
or substance substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
TL 10LL
... 1000
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES FOR AËRATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1885

page_text: I JOHN EDWARDS of N° 39 Giesbach Road Upper Holloway, N. Mineral Water
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES FOR AËRATED LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in what are known as
"Codds"
bottles or bottles which are formed with an annular groove in the neck for holding
an india-rubber ring the said ring forming a seating for an internal glass ball
which when the bottles are filled is held to the india-rubber seating by the internal
pressure.
There have been several Inventions for closing such bottles by means of an
internal glass ball seating itself on some elastic material within the neck of the
bottle but such contrivances have been only imperfectly successful owing to the
difficulty of keeping the seating in its proper place.
Now my Invention consists in the use of a thin washer or ring of metal or other
suitable material for keeping the elastic seating in the groove of the bottle neck.
The washer is about the same diameter as the india rubber ring but the hole in the
centre is rather smaller than the hole in the ring.
The two rings are placed in the groove, the metal ring being uppermost, and a
suitable tool is then pushed into the neck of the bottle by means of which the
inner edge of the metal washer is turned down and caused to overlap the india
rubber ring to the extent of about half its thickness and so securely fasten it
within the groove.
This Invention can be fitted to all bottles of the class above mentioned without
necessitating any alteration in the shape of the bottle.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Securing india rubber rings in internally stoppered bottles by means of a tin
washer substantially as described.
2. Transforming a tin washer into a fastening device for securing india rubber
rings in internally stoppered bottles by means substantially as described..
FRED FOSTER,
For John Edwards.
Year: 1885

page_text: I PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Patent Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is so to mount the swinging parts of
thrashing machines, as to prevent or diminish the shock or strain consequent
upon the reciprocation of such parts by means of cranks and other mechanical
contrivances..
.
According to the present invention, springs are so adapted or employed that
they take up, at the normal velocity of the machine, the shocks or concussions of
the "swinging" parts, so that the swinging movement of the parts in question
becomes more equalized, and the crank shaft is thereby relieved from undue strain
or pressure during working, and its wear and tear is consequently lessened.
In the accompanying Drawing is represented a longitudinal section of a
thrashing machine of the ordinary construction, but provided with controlling
springs according to this invention.
The means for operating the swinging parts, the straw shaker excepted, are not
shown, but may be of any approved construction.
a is one of the bars of the straw shaker operated from the crank shaft as shown
in the drawing, and bearing at its upper end on a helical spring a mounted
vertically upon part of the framing of the machine. -b is the screening box
provided on either side with horizontally mounted helical springs b¹ bc is the
reciprocating table, also provided at either end with similar springs c¹ c', one
spring connecting it with the framing, and the other with the sieve d, which in
its turn is controlled by springs d' d' secured to the framing.-All these springs
act alternately in compression and extension upon the various moving parts, as
they are reciprocated or rocked under the action of the cranks or other operating
Price Bd1

page_text: gear, thereby obviating, to a very considerable extent, the violent rattling
backwards and forwards of the parts, and the consequent strain and shock upon
joints and bearings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated
to me by my Foreign Correspondents, I declare that what I claim is
In thrashing machines, the adaptation of coiled springs to the" swinging" or
reciprocating parts thereof, for the purpose of taking up the shocks or concussions
caused by the said reciprocating movements.
IMPRoved MODE OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1885

page_text: I, SAMUEL GROVES, of 69, Broad Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Metal Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for AN IMPRoved
MODE OF ADVERTISING to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in impressing advertisements business titles trade marks
or devices of any description applicable to particular firms or trades upon trays or
waiters used by publicans Hotelkeepers or Restorateurs-I effect this by engraved
plates of steel from which I roll or press the required impression placing a plain
plate of metal together with an engraved steel plate or die between rollers or under
a powerful press and this may be either in intaglio or in relief and bright frosted or
dead either partially or wholly as may be desired and in any description of metal.
I also manufacture metal show plates or Tablets for advertising purposes in the
same manner.
A
·
PAYNE & TALBOT,
4, Arcade Chambers,
Corporation Street, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: An Improved Mode of Advertising.
I SAMUEL GROVES of 69, Broad Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Metal Worker do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for AN IMPROVED
MODE OF ADVERTISING and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists in impressing advertisements business titles, trade marks,
or devices of any description applicable to particular firms or trades upon trays or
waiters used by publicans Hotel Keepers, Restorateurs or others. I effect by
engraved plates of steel from which I roll or press the required impression placing
a plain plate of metal together with an engraved steel plate or die between rollers
or under a powerful press, the impressions thus obtained may be either in intaglio
or in relief, and bright fronted or dead either partially or wholly as may be desired,
and in any suitable description of metal. I also manufacture metal show plates or
Tablets for advertising purposes in the same manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The improvements in mode of advertising by impressing advertisements business
titles trade marks or devices upon metal for the purposes and in the manner berein
specified.
PAYNE & TALBOT,
4 & 5, Arcade Chambers,
Corporation Street, Birmingham,
Agents for the Applicant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOK SUSPENDERS AND " BINDERS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, FREDERICK ILES, Manufacturer, of 100 Highgate St Birmingham do hereby
declare the nature of iny invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOK SUSPENDERS AND
"
BINDERS to be as follows:-
I take a wire or strip of metal of any convenient length, and bend one end of
the same into the form of a hook & this hook I call the fixed hook, from another
piece of metal I form a similar hook a part of which is so fashioned as to slide
upon the first wire, this I call the sliding hook, the remaining end of the first wire
is then bent or formed into a hook or loop called the suspending hook. In use the
sliding and fixed hooks are inserted between the leaves of the book (at either end
of the binding) which is then held securely & can be hung by means of the
suspending hook &c. Loose unbound papers or books can also be temporarily
bound or secured by means of the same apparatus.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Book Suspenders and Binders.
I, FREDERICK ILES, of 100 Highgate Street Birmingham, Manufacturer do hereby
declare the nature of my invention. for IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOK SUSPENDERS AND
BINDERS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I take a wire or strip of metal of any convenient length or size and bend one
end of the same into the form of a hook which I call the fixed hook, from another
piece of metal I form a similar hook part of which is so fashioned as to slide upon
the first wire, this I call the sliding hook, the remaining end of the first wire or
strip is then bent or formed into a hook or loop which I call the suspending hook.
In use the fixed & sliding hooks are inserted between the leaves of the book, &c,
(one at either end of the fold or binding) which is then held securely & can be hung
by means of the suspending hook.
Loose unbound papers or books can also be temporarily bound or secured by the
same apparatus which for this purpose may be made without the suspending hook
or loop.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The use of two hooks or catches moving or sliding upon each other & so arranged
that they may be made to approach each other for the purpose of securing any
book or papers between them, a supplementary hook or loop being added as a
means of suspension for the whole, when required.
Dated thin with dose of Octobon 1005
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINERY
Year: 1885

page_text: 1 ALFRED WHOWELL of Burnden Bank, Great Lever, Bolton in the County of
Lancaster, Bleacher's Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINERY" to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery known as Washing
Machines employed by bleachers in the process of bleaching and finishing cloth
and consists in means for effectually immersing and beating the cloth in water in
its passage across the machine. In any suitable position under the squeezer bowls
or rollers on the machine is mounted a pair of rotary beaters between which the
cloth passes and so disposed that they alternately beat or wave the cloth up and
down in the water in the tank attached thereto. The rotary beaters are constructed
of any suitable metallic materials and attached by arms to centres or shafts, the
latter being mounted in pedestals or blocks on the side of the machine, and driven
by spur gear from the squeezer shaft or otherwise.
By this arrangement a great saving will be effected in the amount of water
required and the immersion of the cloth by the operation of the beaters giving the
cloth a wavy motion in and out of the water, by which thorough washing is
guaranteed in less time and at a less cost than hitherto,

page_text: wheels K and L. By so disposing the beaters the cloth as it passes from the roller R
to the roller V is operated alternately up and down, thus beating and waving it in
the water in the tank or cistern F. The undersides of the rollers R and V are
disposed so as to place the cloth equidistant between the beater shafts or centres I
to ensure each beater operating equally on the cloth when passing between them.
The cloth is represented by the line T and travels-in the direction indicated by
the arrow-round the roller Ŕ and between the beaters to the roller V, from whence
it passes between the squeezer bowls or rollers B and C for the purpose of removing
surplus water, after which it is again directed round the roller R and between the
beaters as often as desired, each time being subjected to the squeezing process, after
which the cloth passes away over the top bowl or roller B to a winch or other
equivalents employed in bleach works.
The cloth in passing through the machine in rope form is divided by the guide
pegs W.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Baid
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim is
The use and application of the rotary beaters for beating and waving cloth up
and down during the operation of washing in Washing Machines, applied and
operating substantially in the manner described and as shewn on the drawings.
Dated the 12th day of December 1885
EDMUND
CHADWICK,
Agent for Applicant,
92, St. George's Road, Bolton.
IMPROVEMENT IN KITCHEN OR ROOM FIRE GRATE
Year: 1885

page_text: 0
We, THOMAS EDWARD CLEATHERO, Pattern Maker, & JOHN GREEN, WILLIAM
ROWLAND GREEN, and RICHARD GREEN, Ironfounders, all of Eoclesfield in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENT
IN KITCHEN OR ROOM FIRE GRATE and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of our invention is to provide an improved method of raising the
bottom or bottom Grate in Cooking or other Ranges or Grates, thereby varying
the depth or capacity of the Fire Box or Range.
To better describe our invention we supply drawings, the various parts of which
are marked with letters & referred to in the following description.
We construct the Fire Box or Range in the usual way-the Bars being either
horizontal or vertical.
To the underside of each end of the Bottom, or Bottom Grate A we attach a
deep flange or plate B, each of these plates having an oblong hole or slot C near
the bottom.
A few inches below, and parallel with, the bottom or bottom grate A, we fix a
shaft or spindle D, to which we attach, one or more Arms or Levers, E, and in the
end of each of these we fix a Pin F, which forms the Axle or neck for, & connects
each Arm or Lever with, a Friction Wheel or Pulley G. This Pulley we place
inside the oblong hole or slot C. To the shaft or spindle D we also attach a
wheel H or other lever, by which the said shaft or spindle D is made to revolve.
We also fix a Catch, I, by means of which the bottom or bottom grate A is
retained in any position in which it may be placed.
To perform our invention we turn the shaft or spindle D, by means of the wheel
or lever H, thus moving upwards or elevating the Arms or Levers E. The Friction
Wheels or Pullies G, being attached to the Arms or Levers E, also move upwards
and, working in the oblong holes or slots C, force the flanges or Plates B & the
Bottom or Bottom Grate A, upwards, reducing the Fire to the depth desired. .

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
The particular method of raising the Bottom or Bottom Grate of a Domestic
Fire Grate, by means of Friction Wheels & Pullies working in holes or slots,
substantially as described above-or any mere modification thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUDDERS FOR BOATS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JAMES STEPHEN WAITE of 2 Vandervoid Villas, Northcote Rd St Margarets
Twickenham, in the county of Middlesex, Boat Builder do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN RUDDERS FOR BOATS to be as
follows:-
A square or half round trough of iron, steel, or any other metal, or guides
of wood, or any other hard material, is vertically fixed under existing eyes in or on
transom or sternpost. The trough or guides to be various lengths & widths to
suit different boats and existing Rudders. I also shape the front of the rudder to
receive the above to facilitate shipping ashore or afloat.

page_text: Improvements in Rudders for Boats.
I, JAMES STEPHEN WAITE Royal Naval School Boat-House, St Margaret's,
Twickenham, Middlesex, Boat-builder, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN RUDDERS FOR BOATS, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My improvement may be applied to any boat's transom & rudder, without
altering the present fittings for mounting the rudder. It is, however, necessary to
cut away a portion of the front or hanging edge of the ordinary rudder see B on
Drawings so that when it has dropped down into its bearings it may then clear the
trough or channel which I provide as its guide. The addition which I affix consists
of a guide trough or channel of metal or other suitable material see C on Drawings
& which forms a rectangular or a half round channel fixed vertically to the transom
between the ordinary rudder irons. It is preferably screwed or rivetted in this
position thro' its back to the transom so that the open part receives the hanging
edge of the rudder & thereby guides it into its bearings as it works down.
order that the rudder may revolve when it has been thus pushed home by means
of this guide channel, I cut away a sufficient portion of the forward hanging edge
to enable it to do so see B on Drawings. I may reverse this plan by fitting the
guide on my rudder, & adding a suitable core piece to my transom.
0
In
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. Improvements in boats' rudders, consisting of the guide above described
see C on Drawings in connection with the cutting away of the forward hanging
edge of the rudder see B on Drawings, also above described.
2. The variation of the previous claim by fixing the guide to the rudder & a core
piece to the boat, as also above described.
To date of hua196
IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXERS FOR GAS AND AIR BURNING SMOOTHING IRONS
Year: 1885

page_text: EDWARD WINNINGTON Engineer 23 Ashby Avenue Belfast County Antrim
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
MIXERS FOR GAS AND AIR BURNING SMOOTHING IRONS and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
In the accompanying drawings, A is a tap for supplying air to the nozzle D.
B is a tap for supplying gas to the casing C around said nozzle. E and F are tail
pieces for connecting with tubes leading to air and gas supplies for the smoothing
irons.
The usual way of heating Gas and air burning smoothing irons is to let the gas
on by central tube and the air through the casing in which case there is not the
mixing and velocity requisite for the consumption of the gas and the heating of
the irons. By letting the air through the tap A into the central tube D tapered
towards end it has an educing effect towards the nozzle and in the direction of the
Smoothing iron upon the gas entering the casing C by the tap B. Both air and
gas are better mixed and much intensified in its heating power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In the mixers for Gas and air burning Smoothing irons the use of the central
tube for admitting air.
2. The tapering of the central tube to the diameter at point of discharge best
suited for educing current and mixture of gas and air in the casing C.
D
100%
Witness,
WILLIAM BLAIR.
EDWARD WINNINGTON.
IMPROVED SPOON FOR ADMINISTERING LIQUID FOOD AND MEDICINE TO INFANTS
Year: 1885

page_text: to Infants.
I, CHARLES EBENEZER CHALLIS, of 8 The Paragon, Hackney, London, E. Bell-
founder & do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVED SPOON FOR
ADMINISTERING LIQUID FOOD AND MEDICINE TO INFANTS, to be as follows:-
In my invention I use a spoon preferably of the size and shape of an ordinary
tea spoon, but over the forepart of the bowl I attach a shield or cover; leaving,
however, a small opening at the point for the egress of the contents. By this
improved spoon liquid and semi-liquid foods and medicines can be administered
to children without the spluttering, loss, and mess consequent upon the use of the
ordinary spoon.
I am aware that soup ladles having a sort of shield over the bowl and with the
handle at the side have been in use for preventing the moustache getting soiled
when taking soup. I, however, do not intend my improved spoon for this purpose,
but simply make it of the size and shape most convenient for infants.
D
C. E. CHALLIS.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Spoon for Administering Liquid Food and Medicine
to Infants.
I, CHARLES EBENEZER CHALLIS of 8 The Paragon, Hackney, London, Bell-
founder do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
"
In my invention I use a spoon preferably of the size and shape of an ordinary
'tea spoon, but over the forepart of the bowl I attach a shield or cover, leaving
however a small opening at the point for the egress of the contents. By this
improved spoon liquid and semi-liquid foods and medicines can be administered to
children without the spluttering, loss and mess consequent upon the use of the
ordinary spoon.
In the accompanying drawing the letters A, B & C, denote the parts described
as under :-A is the bowl of spoon, B is the shield partly covering bowl, C is the
opening at forepart of shield to allow egress of the contents of spoon.
I am aware that soup spoons having a sort of shield over the bowl have been in
use for preventing the moustache getting soiled when taking soup.
Earthenware
spoons with a shield have also been made but they are clumsy and easily broken.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
A metal spoon having a fixed shield over the bowl to prevent contents being
spilled when administering food or medicine to children.
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM WHITSON CRAWFORD of 6 Steven Street, New City Road Glasgow
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the maturing of spirits or alcoholic liquids
whilst the same is in bottles or other vessels of glass or other non-absorbing
material.
In carrying out my Invention I place in the bottle or vessel containing the
spirits one or more pieces of timber or wood for the purpose of absorbing the
obnoxious portion of the spirits. I have the wood prepared in the same manner
as the wood of casks is prepared for containing spirits; some kinds of wood may
not however require such preparation whilst other kinds may require different
preparations. The piece or pieces of wood may be wholly immersed in the spirits
contained in the bottle or vessel: I however prefer to use, for each bottle or vessel
a piece of wood made with a neck and with a head upon its outer end, such head
serving as a stopper to the bottle, and the mouth of the bottle neck, or the head of
the piece of wood being provided with a cork liner. The piece of wood or at least
its head is by preference made with its grain and pores running the long way, with
the view of allowing ethers or essences to pass through the stopper and evaporate,
such action-promoting the rapid maturing of the spirits. I do not however restrict
myself to this particular modification of the piece of wood; as in some cases and
with some woods there may be quite sufficient exosmose of the ethers or essences
without the grain and pores of the wood being longitudinal When the wood is
made as herein before described to extend so that its outer end forms the stopper,
the metallic capsule if such covering is used should be perforated or be not
hermetically closed to allow of the exhalation of the ethers or essences.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be perfornied, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The maturing of spirits or alcoholic liquids when contained in bottles or
other non-absorbing vessels by means of one or more pieces of wood immersed
or partly immersed in the same, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The maturing of spirits or alcoholic liquids when contained in a bottle or
other non-absorbing vessel, by means of a piece of wood partly immersed in the
liquid and having its outer end made to serve as a stopper substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described.
Dated this twenty seventh day of March 188G
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER
Year: 1885

page_text: I, THOMAS BLEZARD of Railway Road Padiham in the County of Lancaster
Machinist do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the Construction of hot Water Circulating boilers
employed for heating purposes. Hitherto round boilers have been made so as
to require brick work in fixing them up, or made with the outside of boiler
covered with a Composition, or exposed entirely to cold air. The object of my
invention is to dispense with all brick work and boiler Composition and prevent
the cold air acting on the boiler. To do this I apply a outside Case or Shell made
of metal, round the boiler, leaving a cavity of 1 inch or thereabouts between the
boiler and outside Case and in this cavity, I fill in a Non Radiating Compound,
so as to prevent the heat escaping and to prevent the cold air acting on the
boiler.

page_text: improvements in THE COSTU
I THOMAS BLEZARD of Railway road Padiham in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOT WATER BOILERS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to the Construction of Hot Water boilers used for
Circulating hot water for warming and other purposses.
In the boilers as hitherto constructed the body of the boiler has been exposed to
the cold air, or have had to be bricked round or covered with a boiler composition,
the object of my invention is to dispense with brick work and boiler covering.
Figs. 1 & 2 on the drawing accompanying this Specification is a sectional and
perspective elevation, showing the boiler A. A. Fig. 1 with outside Case or
Cover B. B. and in the cavity E. E. is filled in a non-conducting Compound.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st The application of a Metal outside Case round the boiler.
2nd The filling in of a non-conducting Compound in place of covering with
boiler Composition or bricking round usually employed in such boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING DECORATING FILLETS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, EHRENFRIED ALBERT BRINKMANN, of Ottensen, near Hamburg, Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRODUCING DECORATING FILLETS," to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in producing fillets for decorative
purposes; and the objects of my improvements are to imitate the grain or fibre
of oak upon fillets made of soft wood.
It is a well known fact, that many kinds of soft wood are better adapted for
manufacturing decorative fillets than oak, as soft wood may be worked more
easily and its resistance to the influence of weather and temperature is greater
than that of oak. To give such fillets of soft wood the appearance of oak, I place
upon their surface, conveniently shaped, a layer of a homogeneous paste, which
adheres rigidly to the wood. Before the solidification of such paste, I impress
therein pretty deeply, by means of a conveniently shaped and engraved roller, the
grain of oak. The colour of the oak may be given to the paste either before or
after impressing the grain or fibre.

page_text: I, EHRENFRIED ALBERT BRINKMANN, of Ottensen, near Hamburg, Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in producing fillets for decorating
purposes; and the objects of my improvements are to imitate tho grain or fibro
of oak upon fillets made of soft wood.
It is a well-known fact, that many kinds of soft wood are better adapted for
manufacturing decorative fillets than oak, as soft wood can be worked more
easily, and its resistance to the influence of weather and temperature is greater
than that of oak. To give such fillets of soft wood the appearance of oak, I place
upon their surfaces, after the same have been conveniently shaped, a layer of a
homogeneous paste, which adheres rigidly to the wood. Before the solidification
of such paste, I impress therein to a sufficient depth the grain of oak by means of
a conveniently shaped and engraved roller. The colour of the oak may be given
to the paste either before or after impressing the grain or fibre.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The method of producing grain or fibre of oak upon fillets made of soft wood,
by covering the same with a layer of homogeneous paste and impressing therein
before solidification, by means of suitably shaped and engraved rollers, the grain or
fibre of oak.
2. Fillets made of soft wood, and covered with a layer of homogeneous paste
wherein the strain or fibre of oak has been impressed before solidification.
Dated this 13th day of October 1885.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1885

page_text: I JASON JOHN BROWN of Knight Street Pinchbeck, in the County of Lincoln;
Fruit Grower, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES, to be as follows:-
From two upright frames, or standards, having parallel and horizontal bearings,
being separated by a sufficient distance by and between the said frames or
standards is suspended by means of rods a Seat having a backward and forward
Swinging or Vibratory Motion.
Attached to the Seat is a rod (or rods) by which means a Rotary Movement is
obtained. This movement is connected with the Driving Gear of the Tricycle or
Velocipede.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF
MOTIVE POWER and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
"
This invention relates to apparatus for the transmission of motive power and is
especially applicable to machines such as cranes, capstans, winches and the like,
and, in general, in any cases where it is required to pass rapidly from a great
velocity to a smaller velocity.
In order to make the invention understood, reference is made to the accom-
panying drawing in which the apparatus is represented under various aspects, and
in which similar letters refer to similar parts.
Figures 1 and 2 are side views of apparatus constructed according to this
invention.
Figure 3 is a plan thereof.
Figures 4 and 5 are views of details.
If the action of the shaft A during a whole revolution is considered, the eccen-
trics B1, B2, B3 and B Figure 3, passing successively through their highest positions
in the order B1, B3, B2 B are at the end of their travel in the positions indicated
in Figure 3. When B¹ commences to operate B³ prepares itself for operation,
B2 depends, and B is at the end of the travel. Thus during the various and
successive positions of the eccentrics, the rolls C, C2, C3, C4, which are at the
extremities of the pieces D1, D2, D3, D4, and which travel over the guides integral
with the eccentrics B1, B2, B3, B4 in the order set forth, cause the motion of the
pieces or pawls E¹, E², E³, E' which engage with the teeth of the wheels G, thereby
causing the shaft H to turn, the latter being used according to requirements.
I is a pulley mounted on the shaft H and capable of being replaced by a toothed
wheel.

page_text: The accompanying drawing is only given by way of example and it is to be
understood that the apparatus can be composed of a greater or less number of
levers than shown according to the various cases and the various applications; also
the form of the different pieces which compose the apparatus can be varied,
according as they vary in position in the various applications.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign Correspondent I declare that what I clain is
Apparatus for the transmission of power composed of the eccentrics B¹, B², B³
and B, and the articulated levers D1, D2, D3 and D* operating the pawls E¹, E², E³
and E which engage with the toothed wheels G, G and cause the revolution of
the shaft H, all substantially as described and as shown in the accompanying
drawing.
IMPROVED RATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1885

page_text: I HENRY COCHRANE of Nassau Place in the City of Dublin Alderman and
Justice of the Peace, carrying on business as a Mineral Water Manufacturer under
the style and firm of Cantrell & Cochrane do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVED RATED LIQUIDS to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of Caffeine or any preparation thereof in the
manufacture of Erated Liquids.
The object of my said Invention is to provide a beverage which will not only
retain all the pleasing and palatable qualities of an ærated beverage but which will
in addition possess all the valuable medicinal properties of Caffeine.

page_text: I HENRY COCHRANE of Nassau Place in the City of Dublin Alderman & Justice
of the Peace carrying on business as a Mineral Water Manufacturer under the style
and firm of Cantrell & Cochrane, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVED AERATED LIQUIDS and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The invention consists in the use of Caffeine or any preparation thereof in the
manufacture of Aerated liquids. The object of my said invention is to provide a
beverage which will not only retain all the pleasing & palatable qualities of an
Aërated beverage but which will in addition possess all the valuable medicinal
properties of Caffeine.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that the quantity
of Caffeine I purpose using is say about two grains to each bottle of Aërated
liquid. I propose to incorporate the Caffeine with the Aërated water which may
or may not contain Saccharine or other flavoring matter;-and what I claim is :-
1. The use of Caffeine in the manufacture of Aërated liquids.
2. The use of any preparation of Caffeine in the manufacture of Aërated
liquids.
3. The exclusive right to manufacture Aërated beverages of which Caffeine or
any preparation thereof forms a part.
AN IMPROVED BRACELET FASTENING
Year: 1885

page_text: I, LAURENCE EMANUEL, of 14 Warstone Parade East, Birmingham, Manufacturing
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED BRACELET
FASTENING and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
I construct my bracelet of ordinary shape, provide a joint in the usual place, A;
& I saw it through at a point, B, as heretofore. The part between A & B thus forms
a hinged portion; on its being opened, & thrown back, the bracelet may be put over
the wrist. The tendency of this bracelet, jointed at A, & sawn across at B, is to
assume a circumference greater than when intact. This quality provides my means
of fastening the bracelet. I cut a central, circular hole through the surface, at a
point, C, near to where it is sawn across at B, and, from a plate below, D, which
I have fitted to the under surface of the main body of the bracelet, I set up, at E,
a half round bead whose plane surface is uppermost & at right angles to its vertical
axis; or I employ an inverted cone, which, when the jointed portion is in position,
rises through, & holds that portion securely in its place, forming then one con-
tinuous unbroken oval. The expansive tendency of this bracelet, previously noticed,
causes it to grip the bead it encircles, & constitutes an automatic fastening. It
readily opens by pressing the jointed portion forward, & over the half bead,
or cone.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Generally, I claim that my special arrangement of parts, as herein before
described, forms a bracelet which closes & locks readily; & which opens to receive,
or to release the wrist, when light external pressure is exerted on two points of its
outer surface.
2. Specifically, I claim the application & employment of a half bead, or similar
projection, & the pierced surface, as fastener, in conjunction with the ordinary plan
of dividing the bracelet as above described.
Dated this 15th day of December 1885,
Improved Paste or Composition, Applicable Especially for Dressing Leather Saddles.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improved Paste or Composition, Applicable Especially for
Dressing Leather Saddles.
I WILLIAM TAYLOR of 16 Berkeley Mews Portman Square No occupation do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
The object of this invention is to form an improved "saddle paste." For this
purpose I form a paste from Neat's foot oil, bees wax and oil of tar. The
5 proportions I prefer are as follows-
1 quart Neat's foot oil.
2 oz Bees wax.
pint oil of tar.
I first add a small portion of Neat's foot oil to the bees wax and melt the wax
over a fire, then add the remainder of the oil and the oil of tar and thoroughly mix
all together.
When cool the paste is ready for use.

page_text: I WILLIAM TAYLOR of 16 Berkeley Mews Portman Square No occupation do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is to form an improved "saddle paste." For this
purpose I form a paste from Neat's foot oil, bees wax and oil of tar. The
proportions I prefer are as follows:-
1 Quart Neats foot oil.
2 Oz Bees wax.
Pint Oil of tar.
I first add a small portion of Neats foot oil to the bees wax and melt the wax
over a fire then add the remainder of the oil and the oil of tar and thoroughly mix
all together. When cool the paste is ready for use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
-
The manufacture of a paste or composition applicable especially for dressing
leather saddles from the materials herein before mentioned substantially as
described.
Dated this 11th day of August 1886.
WM TAYLOR,
Carpmael & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LACE CURTAINS AND WINDOW BLINDS OF THE DRAWINGS
Year: 1885

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, JOHN FREDERICK FORTH, of 24, Alfred Street Mills, Nottingham, in the
county of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LACE CURTAINS AND WINDOW BLINDS, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows one modification of my improvements as applied to a lace
curtain or window blind, having one cloth band.
Figure 2, shows a second modification as applied to a lace curtain or window
blind, having a valance formed in one piece with it, and having two cloth bands.
In the first modification, shown at Figure 1 at or near upper end of the curtain
or blind, I form a band or strip of cloth work A; across the whole width, this band
has holes B formed in it, as the curtain or blind is made, the remainder is made
with any required pattern either having a valance C, or it may terminate below
the band of cloth work with a border, or a repeat of the pattern forming the length
of the curtain or blind. Upon such curtain or blind having a cord or rod threaded
alternately from the front, and from the back, through the holes in the cloth band
it may be gathered upon the cord or rod so as to fit any window of less width than
its own width, the valance C being turned down on either side. The second
modification shown at Figure 2 consists in forming two or more bands of cloth
work A, A, having holes B, B, as before described. In the Drawing only two such
bands are shown. Above such bands I complete the curtain or blind, by forming
an inverted valance C above it, upon the curtain or blind being folded across
midway between the bands, the holes in each band will be opposite to each other,
and upon a cord or rod being threaded through both rows of holes, the portion
forming the valance will fall down over the curtain, the folded portion between
the bands forming a folded frill which may be gathered upon the cord or rod as
described for the first modification, I am aware that curtains and blinds have
been made with imitation valances and loose valances, but I am not aware that
lace curtains and blinds have been made with a perforated band or bands for the
purposes above described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The construction of lace curtains and blinds with one or more cloth bands across.
the whole width, each band having holes therein, for the insertion of a cord or 5
rod, substantially as described for the purposes set forth, and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.