AN IMPROVED METHOD OF WEAVING WOOLLEN CLOTH
Year: 1824

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPIF
CLISILD DANIELL, of Stoke, in the County of Wilts, Clothier, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster,
the Seventh day of July, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, in the
fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Clisild
Daniell, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors,
admors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
WEAVING WOOLLEN CLOTH;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, that if I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, shall not particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become
void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and
at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Improved

page_text: Method of Weaving Woollen Cloth, together with the apparatus or machinery
by which the same is to be carried into effect, are herein-after particularly set
forth and described, such description being assisted by the explanatory Draw-
ing hereunto annexed, and which shews different views of an ordinary cloth
loom so altered and arranged as to work by my aforesaid improved method of
weaving.
In this Drawing Fig. 1 is a plan or bird's-eye view of the loom; Fig. 2 a
front view or elevation of it as it would appear when seen from the side where
the breast beam is fixed; Fig. 4 an exterior elevation of the right-hand end of
the loom; Fig. 3 a transverse section taken near the middle of it, but showing
the main driving drum or rigger G; and Fig. 5 a section for explaining par-
ticular parts of the machine.
The several parts of the machine in this Drawing are made in proportion
to cach other, but no scale is annexed, because the width and other dimen-
sions of the loom must be suited to the width or strength of the cloth to be
produced; and although the Drawing exhibits a loom as they are frequently
made, yet I only claim such parts of the machinery introduced therein as
relate to and are necessary to my aforesaid improved method of weaving,
and which are now and have not been before used for a similar purpose or
purposes.
My Improved Method of Weaving Woollen Cloth consists in the following
particulars, viz:-First, I press forward the slay or reed, in order to force in
the shoot or weft by a gradual and progressive motion and force, instead of
using the sudden blow which has always hitherto been resorted to both in hand
and power weaving; and thus I do not distress or break the chain or warp so
frequently as when a sudden impulse is used or given; secondly, I continue
the pressure of the slay or reed against the shoot or weft when in cloth during
the time the bosom of the work is charged or reversed, and thus I prevent the
shoot from springing back at this time; thirdly, I work the lathe, or that part
of the loom which carries the slay, in such a manner as to occasion it to be
at rest or quite motionless during the time the shuttle is carrying the shoot
through the bosom of the work; fourthly, the changing or reversing of the
bosom is assisted and is kept open after cach change or roversion by a
tumbling weight or counterpoise so moved and applied that the harness,
though held steadily, is not so fixed but that the workman or attendant may
close or reverse the bosom at any time to mend his work in a much more
convenient manner than in those power looms in which the treadles are
moved by sectors, as usually heretofore done; and fifthly and lastly, I apply a
Foller or rollers of a peculiar construction to the breast beam, as hercin-after

page_text: is described, by which the cloth is stretched or extended before the slay in the
direction of its width, in such manner as to supersede the use of a temple,
which frequently causes the cloth to be uneven, and injures the list. These
several points of my Invention are brought about in the manner berein-after
described (that is to say), instead of attaching the arms of the lathe by a con-
necting rod to the cranks by which the lathe is usually moved, I introduce
springs made of steel, wood, or other fit material, and of a strength propor
tioned to the work they have to perform, as at the letter. A in Figs 3, 4, and 5
of the annexed Drawing. One such spring is fixed on the back of each arm
of the slay by screw bolts or otherwise, as at B, in each of the said last-
mentioned Figures. At the top of each spring is a joint to which the usual
connecting rod D, between the lathe and the cranks, is fixed, and the length
of this rod must be such as to drive the slay forwards against the work before
the cranks arrive at the nearest point to the said lathe by about one iuch, as
will be better understood by inspecting Fig. 5, which shews an end view of
one of the lathe arms in that position where it has just carried. the slay
home to its work. A shows the spring; C, the joint; D, the connecting rod;
and E the crank drawn as in four positions of its revolution, marked 1, 2, 3,
and 4. Now the slay being at this moment driven home to. its work, it is
evident that as the crank revolves from the position 1 to that marked 2, it
will bend the spring about an inch, and thus produce the gradual motion and
force before alluded to, and that as the crank continues to revolve from 2 to 3,
it will withdraw the slay from the work again for passing the shuttle. While
the pressure is thus maintained, the bosom changes for this purpose, in manner
heroin-after described, and thus the last shoot of the weft is effectually confined
to its place. The more effectually to regulate the pressure of the slay on tho
work, the connecting rods D contain screw adjustments by which their length
may be regulated, and consequently the pressure of the springs may be
increased or diminished. In order to give time for the shuttle to pass from
one side of the loom to the other in carrying the shoot through the bosom,
and to cause the lathe to be stationary during this period, I place fixed stops
H, Figs. 3 and 4, on the side frames of the loom, in such situations as to
receive the arms of the lathe, and prevent it from going so far back by about
an inch as the cranks would carry it to in their position 3 and 4 in Fig. 5,
consequently, when the lathe has arrived against the stops it becomes stationary,
and the springs A open out sufficiently to allow the cranks to turn, and thus
are the first three points of my Invention produced.
The fourth, or that which relates to the changing or.reversing of the bosom
of the work. is brought about as follows. (viz): J. J. Figs. 1. 3. and 4. is the

page_text: common or ordinary spindle from which the harness is suspended upon seg-
ments or rollers in the usual way, as seen at M, M, Fig. 4. The bottom
beams or shafts of the back and front harness are likewise connected by a
rope or ropes passing under the fixed pulley or pullies N, so that turning the
shaft or spindle J half way round or back again, will alternately raise and
depress the back and front harness to their proper situations for opening and
changing the bosom. To assist in this operation, and keep the harness steady
in any position, the arm or lever I is fixed upon the center or some other
convenient part of the harness spindle J, Figs. 2, 3, and 4, and upon this arm,
which is tapped with a screw, is screwed the ball or tumbling weight, also
marked I, which must be of sufficient weight to maintain the front and back
harness steadily in their high or low position; but this ball may be made to
act with varying power, by screwing it nearer to or further from the spindle
J, J. The arm I is received in both its horizontal positions upon the forked
stop O, O, fixed in a proper manner to receive it. Thus, in its position in
Fig. 3, the back harness g, g, is down, and the front one up; but by laying
hold of the front harness, and pulling it downwards, the tumbling weight I
will be thrown into the position shown by Fig. 4, in which the front harness
is down, and the back one up. To produce this motion or change the bosoni
of work in the machine, the two treadles K, K, are made use of. These are
fixed, and move in the usual way, the front end of one treadle being attached
by a rope to the bottom beam of the back, and the other to the like part of
the front harness, and motion is given to them at the proper moment by two
rollers fixed directly opposite to each other on the opposite sides of a wheel
or pair of arms Z, Figs. 1, 2, and 3. These rollers are shewn at L, L, in all
the said Figures. The wheel or arms Z is fixed upon a shaft or spindle 6,
Fig. 1, which carries the spur wheel h, Fig. 4, upon its end, and this receives
its motion from the smaller toothed wheel i, fixed upon the end of the crank
spindle F, F, Fig. 1, which is driven by a band applied to the driving rigger G
before named, or in any other convenient manner.
Lastly, I declare that the fifth point of my Invention, or the keeping the
cloth properly stretched in the direction of its width before the slay, is per-
formed and produced by the application and use of a roller or rollers, as
herciu-after described. If two rollers are made use of, which I recommend
as the best application, they must be fixed by letting them into the upper
side of the breast beam in a direction not parallel to the slay, but making
angles of about four or five degrees with its two ends, as shewn at V, V, in
the Plan, Fig. 1, and they must be sunk to such a depth in the breast beam
at whatever their diameter may be their upper surfaces at the internal ends

page_text: may not stand at more than from th to th of an inch above the top or
upper surface of the breast beam, as shewn by the end views V, V, in Figs. S
and 4, through their extreme ends may be more elevated, to the intent that
the cloth, in passing from the slay over the breast beam, and down to the
nether or cloth beam, may bear upon and give motion to these rollers without
being puckered in the centre, or put much out of level. The outer ends of
these rollers I cover with wire cards, short bristles, or some rough material for
at least a foot in length, as shown in the Drawing, which by its friction, and
the particular direction in which the rollers are placed, has the effect of stretch-
ing or keeping out the cloth to its full width in a very equable manner. The
rollers V, V, may be made slightly tapering or comical with advantage (that is
to say), their interior end towards the center of the breast beam may be
of less diameter than their external ends next the sides of the loom, and a
single roller may likewise be applied to the same purpose; but in that case it
must be longer than the cloth is wide, and must be let into the breast beam
in a direction parallel to the same and to the slay, having both its ends
covered with wire cards or other rough material, in the same manner as the
rollers herein-before described. But in the use of this single roller it will be
necessary for the workman to stretch the cloth occasionally by hand, and
press it down upon the cards whenever occasion may require, and by which
the use of a temple may be avoided, and the cloth kept properly stretched and
strained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.
JOSEPH CLISILD (L.B.) DANIELL.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1824, the aforesaid Joseph Clisild Daniell came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.