An Improved Warp Leasing Machine.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 6th Nov., 1895
An Improved Warp Leasing Machine.
JOHN LAW 27 St. Albans Street Rochdale in the County of Lancaster England
Cotton Mill Manager and Engineer 1 do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
(c) This machine is designed to automatically take alternate end and end leases in
the preperation of cotton yarn warps or for warps made from yarns, threads,
cords, bands, or twines of any fibrous meterial for the purpose of being woven into
cloth, or other fabrics.
(d) This machine by its appliances and motions will take these end and end
leases, and at the same time pick in, by means of a specially made shuttle, the lease
bands or ties at any required destance from each other while it is in regular
motion.
(e) The object in view in thus preparing and leasing warps,-about every three
or four feet, is to overcome, and to a considerable extent, despense with the
present necessity of reeling yarns into "leas" and hanks; and to prepare (instead,)
warps of any number of threads in the first process from a bank, or creel, of
warping bobbins, suitable for hand looms or other weavers of cloth in any part of
the world.
(f) These continuous leases are absolutly required by hand loom weavers in
many foreign countries; such as India, China, and Japan, and these people in
preparing their warps from reeled, and bundled yarns, are obliged to put them
in so that all the threads will keep their respective places during the processes of
bleaching, dying, and sizeing and then also enable the weavers to easely arrange
their warps for the looms, this machine and its appliances will meet all these
requirements.
(g) This machine will be complete in itself, and will make warps by itself, or it
can be attached to and worked in conjunction with any existing warping mill, beaming
frame, or linking machine, in present use.
(h) This machine as an improved method of taking beer, or half beer, leases
containing any number of threads to correspond with the required setts of healds or
shafts for weaving any particular kind of cloth or fabric, this invention as applied
to this machine will allow end and end leases to pass without desplacing any
of the threads from their proper reeds into which they may have been drawn when
starting the warp also by turning or lifting a lever or turning a shaft the fingers
forming the dents through which half beer leases are drawn will rise and lower each
alternate dent so that the lease bands may be passed through if necessary while the
machine is in motion.
(i) Warps prepared by this machine can be made up in full pressed bundles
and bales for export or local transit and on being opened out the threads or
ends forming the warp will not be entangled or crossed with each other.
(1) The frame of machine may be made of wood or iron as desired about ten feet
in length by three feet six inches reed space the enclosed drawings and description
will fully explain its construction.
(k) A is a reed of say five hundred dents through which the threads pass
in being drawn from warppers bobbins in a bank or creel in the usual way they then
pass under and over the two metal rollers B. and C. and are drawn through the
wire healds as shown in Fig. 2, d and e, 1st, 3rd, 5th, threads into d and so on,

page_text: 2nd 4th and 6th and so on into e, they then pass on to H. the beer leasing
arrangement which is composed of a lines of simi-circular thin steel plates on a
round or square iron bar reaching accross the machine under the warp, these steel
plates are all connected at the points by pins so that on riseing or lowering the
handle I, the threads may be lifted alternately to make the half beer lease.
J, represents a can attached to a wheel on the same shaft, which causes the heald
shaft K to oscillate. L is a cam working in conjunction with K and J, so that
immediately the finger on picking stick M escapes into the space on cam L, the
leaver N is lifted up by means of a spring on picking stick so that the cam O on
driving shaft will strike it and thus drive the shuttle P through the shed to the
other side of the machine, (the same as is done by an ordinary plain loom) thus putting
in the lease band, this band is held in its position until the motions are ready to pick
again by an alternating reed worked by shaft K. A right hand cam similar to L,
and a picking stick with motions like M will be worked on the right hand of the
machine which will pick the shuttle back again instantly the lever q (Fig. 1) falls
into the space in cam J causing the return shed for lease band.
(1) The two dots, 1 and 2 represents the lease bands in the warp, a travilling
reed shown by R. S (Fig. 3) will then rise up going at a greater speed then the
warp, will push on the No. 1 band so that by the time they both arrive at H they
will be closely locked togather. The wheels T, U, and V, are all one size and one
speed. W is the main driving wheel, X a carrier, Y is a rod and weight attached
to travelling reed to keep it in vertical position and to give tension to push forward
the lease bands.
Dated this o6th d...
A n 1004
I JOHN LAW of Number 27 Saint Albans Street Rochdale in the County of
Lancaster Mill Manager and Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :--
My invention relates to a machine or apparatus designed for the purpose of
inserting picking or putting-in lease bands or ties between the threads of a warp
to be used for the manufacture of textile fabrics which operation is known as
leasing.
It is common knowledge that it is necessary to introduce lease bands or ties
between the threads or ends of a warp in order that as in the case of end and
end leasing each individual thread may be leased or encircled so as to be maintained
separate from each other so that when the warp is subject to the process of
bleaching dyeing or sizing or any other necessary process preparatory to the
threading of such warps in the healds and reeds of the weavers loom the said
threads may be maintained in their proper order and not become entangled with
each other thus facilitating the threading thereof.
This invention 18 more particularly important for making warps for foreign
countries such as China Japan and India when it is understood that the leasing and
warping for hand weaving purposes in these countries is performed in a primitive
fashion, that as the warps are prepared from reeled and bundled yarns by single
threads whether imported by these countries from Great Britain or manufactured
by their own mills and during such process the lease bands or ties are inserted by
hand at intervals of three to four feet apart.
The object of this my invention is to devise a mechanical means for the insertion
or introduction of such lease bands or ties in an effectual and expeditious manner
as by my arrangement much time is saved and trouble obviated also the operations

page_text: Figure 3 is an elevation of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an elevation of details forming parts of
my invention.
Figure 5 is a figure shewing the healds and the pulleys from which they are
depended.
Fig. 6. 7 and 8 are representations of details of my invention.
a is a perforated board or may be a reed through which the threads of the warp
pass from the warpers bobbins situate on an ordinary bank or creel which threads
then pass suitably between or in suitable proximity to the peripheries of the metal
rollers b and c then pass on to the wire healds d and e being threaded through
the same in alternating order that is, the 1st 3rd and 5th and every odd numbered
thread throughout the width of the warp being threaded through the eyes of the
heald d and the 2nd 4th and 6th and every even numbered thread throughout the
width of the warp being threaded through the eyes of the healde which threads
then pass between the dents of the fixed reed c on the slay which may be so
arranged therein if desired to form half beers then pass on to a beer or half beer
leaseing arrangement that is at a part when the half beer lease band or tie is
introduced which is composed of a series or number of semicircular o curved
formed metal or steel plates h. ' mounted on suitable rods or shafts which
extend across the machine or the width of the warp.
The said plates are in alternating order or connected and arranged alternately in
pairs at their points or free ends by means of pins so that when each set of
pairs are respectively actuated or operated that is so as to rise or fall which may be

page_text: effected by manually operating the handles or shafts i. ¹ the threads or half beers
may be lifted in order to make the half beer leases that is, the half beers which are
formed from the threads passing through the healds respectively pass between the
pairs of plates which plates may each in turn be lifted thus the half beers are
shedded by the aid of the pins consequently such position of the threads admits or
allows of the introduction or insertion of the half beer lease band or tie which
operation is effected by hand and inserted at each shedding but this part of my
leasing arrangement is employed only when cominencing and finishing a warp to
tie up the extremities of the warp that is the beginning and the ending thereof as
hereinbetore stated.
On the shaft is mounted a cam or peculiar shaped piece ; which is in
engagement with a bowl j³ on a connecting piece or lever j³ mounted on a
shaft which cam when the shaft is in motion causes the shaft k to oscillate
or impart quick and successive movements to the healds which are hung from the
said shaft by suitable connections. The cam or cut out circular piece is mounted
on the shaft to which motion is imparted through the agency of the gear
wheels and the latter being mounted on the driving shaft in connection
with which cam I employ a lever provided or mounted at any convenient fixed
point with a bowl which rests or rides upon the periphery of the said cam.
When or immediately the lever 16 drops or falls into the cut out space or portion 19
of the piece or when the cam is caused to rotate underneath the position of the
bowl the lever 10 which is connected with the lever by the chain or other
suitable connection (see Figure 1 is caused to drop in a suitable position see
dotted lines in the said figure and on to finger or leg m³ of the picking stick m so
that the said lever (10 shall be in a position to be and capable of being struck by
the striking point o² of the piece o in the driving shaft consequently the picking
stick m which is mounted upon the fixed centre or rol o' is actuated in such a
manner so as to cause the upper extremity m* of the picking stick to throw strike
or drive the shuttle m³ across the slay m' and through the shed from one shuttle
box p' to the opposite shuttle box p² in proximity to or towards a corresponding
picking stick n situate within the said opposite shuttle box p3 which is simiarly
actuated in manner as described with reference to the picking stick m the shed
being formed by the movements or actions of the wire healds d and e through the
agency of the cam j the threads of the warp being threaded alternately through
the same in the ordinary manner as in the weavers loom, the shuttle contains a cop
of yarn på the one end pt of which is held by means of a suitable clamp see
Figure 2 (plan) which clamp also forms part of a cutting instrument which will be
hereafter more particularly referred to then the shuttle is again driven back across
the slay during the second opening or shedding of the warp.
The thread is thus carried through the shed and forms the lease band or the
which is put in whilst the warp is travelling in direction from the heald as when
passing on to the linking or other machine to which this invention may be applied
but the shuttle and lease band or tie is maintained within and prevented from
flying out of the shuttle race also the lease band is maintained at right angles to
the travelling warp by the aid of the periodically and vertically moving reed pe
which is adapted to periodically rise and fall above and below the level of the floor
of the shuttle race and at such times or periods when the shuttle is driven across or
through the shed.
The movements of the reed p are controlled or effected by means of a chain p
or any other suitable connection provided on the shaft k see Figures 2 and + which
is attached suitably to a lever r iree to oscillate or move about a fixed point or
studs provided with a suitable balance weight t so that accordingly as the shaft k
is actuated by the cam ; the lever is correspondingly actuated suitably so
that the up and down movements of the reed shall operate at the proper
periods.
When the lease band is introduced into the warp the said band forms a circuit
traversing the whole of the threads thereof effected by the two respective

page_text: movements or throws of the shuttle or the to and fro movements thereof but
by the action of shedding and the arrangement of the threads in the healds each
thread becomes encircled by the lease band being similar in operation to the
ordinary process of weaving. A suitable appliance u see Fig. 6 is provided on
the moving or swing reed to which is so formed or adapted so that when the shuttle
has entered the shuttle box p' and the swing reed brought into action as hereafter
described the cop or weft thread shall pass between the cutting edges of the cam
or other suitably actuated cutting instrument p³ and at the same time to clamp the
said thread this occurs when the reed w changes from its position as shewn in
Fig. 1. to the vertical position as shewn in Fig. 6.-the action of which cutting
instrument will be hereafter referred to as the appliance u projects beyond the
dents of the reed w and travelling therewith at a quicker velocity than the warp,
pulls the thread p³ which passes into the bent portion of the appliance u. see
Fig. 6. the thread is thus at this part drawn from a point on the cop in the shuttle
between the clamp and cutters-which are open at this period to receive the thread
see Fig. 7-see Fig. 8. which thread when the cutters are caused to close is severed
or cut from the cop which severed portion is then allowed to travel along with die
warp as shewn in Figure 2 as at the one end pt of the yarn p' coming from the
shuttle being at the same time retained between the clamps, the cop thread is
then capable of being thrown through the shed or across the warp as the
end is held between the clamps thus another lease band is introduced and
such movements being performed continuously during the leasing operations.
The movements of the swing reed w- -(which is mounted on the bowl shaft D
by means of supports D10 free to turn thereon)-are effected by the action of a
suitable plate wheel and link connection a¹ and see Fig. 1, which reed then
passes the lease band on to or against the swing or depending reedy which latter
is adapted to turn about its fixed support z which event happens when the reed w
engages with a finger y' attached to the said reed, the consequence is the lease
band is pushed against the depending reed y and the swing reed moving or
travelling at a greater velocity than the warp the depending reed receding from
the motion of the swing reed-the lease bands (that is the one band forming the
circuit of the threads of the warp) are brought together in line see A, Figure 2
and allowed to pass on with the warp to the linking or other machine which may
be used in conjunction with my invention.
The cutting instrument is actuated by means of a projecting piece on the
shaft which engages with an adjustable piece on the rod by which means
the weighted lever mechanism la connected with the cutters p which oscillates
about the fixed stud d thus the cutters and clamp are opened to receive the
thu end p. When the rotating piece passes out of engagement with the piece 1ª
the weight le reacts and pulls down the upper blade of the cutters thus clamping
and cutting the thread as before described.
At convenient parts that is near the slay and near the curved plates provide
stationary incline pieces B and B₁ at certain parts of the framework which pieces
are provided so that when the swing reed shall travel towards these points during
the to and fro movements of the said reed the same may by contact of the part B
with the said pieces respectively rise above and fall below the warp more or less
according to the inclination of the said pieces, that is, to fall or deflect when in
contact with piece B¹ and to rise when in contact with piece B which is allowed so
to do due to its flexible connections by means of the band E and coiled spring F
with the swing rod D thus by means of the swing reed intercepting the threads
of the warp during these to and fro motions a certain number of threads are
collected together to form half beers which are maintained intact from the point
or situation of the fixed reed C on the slay to the part where the half beer leasing
arrangement is situate.
The said reed is capable of these motions-falling and rising-as the same is
through the medium of a flexible band E and the spiral spring F* attached to
the ring F which ring or piece is attached to an extension piece or rod D' which

page_text: works or moves in slide pieces D and D attached to the swing rod or lever Da
corresponding extension piece D³ is provided in connection with the swing rod D¹ at
the opposite side and on the same rod or centre G about which the said swing rods
or levers D and D' are caused to oscillate through the medium of the link
connections and a actuated by the plate wheel a mounted on the rotating shaft l¹.
The said extension pieces D and D³ are arranged so as to allow of the swing
levers D and D¹ to adjust or adapt themselves to the varying lengths or positions
consequent upon the to and fro motions thereof or the horizontal motion of the
guide pullies D and D' along the rail or bar D³.
The sliding movements of the ring piece F¹ up and down the lever D during the
swing or to and fro motions alternately pulls down or presses and relieves from
pressure the small bowl H. on the bridge piece H¹ inserted between the sides of
the band or strap E, which motions cause the bowl H to roll from side E¹ to
side E of the band and vice versa but when the bowl is situate on the curved portion
of the piece H¹ the reed is then maintained in a vertical position by the aid of such
flexible attachments of the reed or the vertical position thereof is maintained with
sufficient tension to push forward the lease bands but if in case of any obstruction
during its operation the said reed forms a sensitive appliance which is capable of
yielding to pressure rather than damage or break the threads and so is thus capable
of deflecting from such causes at any intermediate point between the positions of
the incline pieces B and B'.
When desired the lease band may consist of one continuous band or may be
introduced into the warp in zig zag fashion as shewn at I see Figure 2in which case
the swing reed w remains inoperative or the operating part of the said reed is
disconnected or placed out of action and the depending reed is also placed out of
contact with the warp.
I provide immediately behind the reed Cattached to the slay a sliding or
moveable reed J which is suitably adapted to slide in the direction of its length
which is effected by hand the object or purpose of the said reed being to collect or
group together the half beers as shewn in Figure 2-thick lines, that is, the
threads which pass between or drawn thro' the dents of the reed C constitute the
half beers referred to in this arrangement the swing reed w is adapted at this period
to take and continue the half beers up to the point where the circular or curved
plates are situate as before named and which are free from any interruption.
The lease bands are enabled to pass over the curved plates as the plates on the
shafts are each adapted to drop at proper periods that is first the plates on the
shaft i then afterwards the plates on the shaft which is accomplished through
the agency of the rods K and K' actuated by the projecting pieces L on the
rotating shaft engaging with pieces L¹ thus the lease bands may pass on to the
linking or other machine.
Then the half beers are manually lifted or operated as and for the purposes
berein set forth.
My invention may be utilised for the purpose of beaming the warp in which
event the leasing mechanism is put out of action or motion the warp being run on
to and is wound by the action or motion of an ordinary beaming roller as
at M see Figure 1.
When the machine is required for the purposes of half beer leasing only, that is
not end-and-end leasing the actions or motions of the healds and the shuttle
respectively are not in operation in which case the half beer leasing arrangement
alone is brought into use that is, the threading of the warp through the reed C
the swing reed and the curved plate has herein fully described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is
1. In a machine for leasing warps in combination a moving or travelling warp
with the rising and falling cam or tappet actuated healds and e and the moving

page_text: shuttle m³ provided with yarn whereby the end and end leasing operation may be
and is performed during the travel or movement of the warp and at any desired
intervals throughout its length thereby avoiding any stoppage of the machine
during the introduction of lease bands throughout the leasing operation of the
warp, also!
am enabled to prepare yarn into warps direct from a creel of
winders hobbins obviating as at present the preparation of such yarn into hanks
particularly so when such yarn is to be used or employed as warps as herein fully
set forth.
2. In combination the cut out or segment plate wheel or cam lever and
and the rotating piece O which parts are duplicated for operating and the
combination of the picking sticks m and n whereby the shuttle may be at suitable
periods thrown through the sheds of the travelling warp as and for the purposes
berein fully set forth and described.
6
3. In combination the fixed reed C the vertically rising and falling reed p
whereby the threads of the warp and the shuttle and lease band may
maintained in their proper positions within the slay and not subjected to the
influence of the travelling warp as herein fully set forth.
4. In combination the plates h, and rods k k which plates are capable of
being manually and mechanically actuated whereby the warp may be shedded for
the introduction of the half beer lease bands, and the plates to drop to allow of the
end and end lease bands to pass to an ordinary beaming roller or linking machine
for the purposes herein fully set forth.
5. In combination the swing or moving reed W the incline pieces B B¹ and the
depending reed y whereby the lease bands are brought together at right angles to
the warp as herein fully set forth and described.
6. In combination the parts or mechanism referred to in Claim 1 herein with the
half beer leasing arrangement referred to in Claim 4 whereby apparatus for end
and end leasing and for half beer leasing purposes are combined together in one
machine and each capable of performing their proper functions respectively
independently of each other as herein set forth.
7. In combination the sliding or horizontally moving reed J with the plates h h¹
and the swing reed W whereby the half beers may be formed as and for the
purposes herein fully set forth and described.
8. In combination the shuttle m³ with the vertically sliding reed p whereby the
shuttle and lease band is maintained in position during the travel of the warp as
and for the purposes bei ein fully set forth.
9. In combination a cam j, the lever or chain mechanism and the lever for
actuating the reed, at and during the periodical movements of the shuttle as
herein fully set forth and described.
10. In combination the shuttle m³ and the mechanism herein before described
or other suitable mechanism for actuating or throwing the shuttle through the
sheds of a travelling or moving warp as herein fully set forth and described.
11. In combination the shuttle m³ carrying the lease band and a holding and
cutting instrument p° whereby one end of the lease band may be simultaneously cut
and retained as and for the purposes herein fully set forth.
12. In combination an attachment u and a holding and cutting instrument p³,
whereby the lease band may be guided or directed to the same as and for the
purposes herein fully set forth and described.
Dated this 5th day of Avant 1805