CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wo, GEORGE
HENRY LYNE, of John Street, Blackfriars Road, Machinist and Engineer, and
THOMAS STANIFORD, of the Grove, Great Guildford Street, Southwark, Smithr
and Engineer, both in the County of Surry, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by Ilis Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-third day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-six, in the sixth year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs
and successors, give and grant unto us, the said George Henry Lync and
Thomas Staniford, His especial licence that we, the said George Henry Lyne
and Thomas Staniford, our exors, adinors, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said George Henry Lyne and Thomas Stanford, our exors, adîñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso obliging us, the said George Henry Lyne and Thomas Stanford, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and

page_text: seal of one of us, particularly to descube and ascertain the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty s High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear,
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
George Henry Lyne and Thomas Stanford, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed
and the following description thereof (that is to say)
In the Diawing, Fig 1 is a side view or elevation of a machine for making
or moulding bricks; Fig 2, a plan; Fig 3, an end view thereof; and Fig 4,
a section and internal view of the pugmill. In all of which said Figures the
same letters & figures of reference indicate the similar parts of the machine.
A, A, &c., the machine fiame secured firmly to the wooden platform or
basis B, B, &c. C, C, &c, is a wooden frame supported upon the uprights
D, D, &c, affixed to the basis B, B, &c. E, E, is a square frame of wood
secured upon the frame C, C, and supporting a cylindrical pugmill F, F,
similar to those already in use, excepting that it is entirely open at its bottom.
G, the upright shaft of the pugnull turning in a step below at II, as shewn
in the section of the pugmill, Fig 4, and having a nech or pivot I above
tuining in a collar J, both step and collar being affixed to the pugmill by the
standards K, K, and which standards are strengthened by the braces L, L,
and by cross bars above and below; the shaft G is furnished with the oblique
knives M, M, &c., as usual, excepting that their number is encreased. Upon
the top of the upright shaft G the horizontal beam N, N, is firmly secured,
across which two others, O, O, may be affixed, serving to stay and support the
paits hereafter to be described; or otherwise six or more arms may be
employed, seiving to carry a circular rim, and thus forming a wheel. Upon
and between the two horizontal bars A, A, of the machine fiame the double
metallic frame of brick moulds P, P, &c. is made to slide backwards and
forwards in the following manner:-On each side of the mould frames P, P,
a bar, Q, Q, is affixed, as shewn in the section, Fig. 4, which rest upon the
tops of the bars A, A; to the beam N, N, a circular toothed segment, part of
which is shewn at R, R, in the plan, Fig 2, and end view, Fig 3, is to be
affixed, and properly strengthened by braces (not shewn). This toothed
segment occasionally works into two horizontal pinions S, S, which are affixed
on the upper end of two vertical shafts or axes T. T, turning in bearings

page_text: affixed to the machine frame On the lower ends of each of these upright
shafts a grooved wheel or pulley U, U, is affixed, to which are firmly attached
to one of their ends the chains V, V, the other ends of which are secured to
the ends of the mould frames P, P, and which said frames by the alternate
action of the toothed segment R, R. upon the pimons S, S, as the beam N, N,
revolves, are thus carried backwards and forwards. The construction of the
mould frames P, P, will be best understood by referring to the plan, Fig 5,
where one end of them is shewn complete, the other end being exactly similar
to it P, P, are the moulds, each end of the frames containing fifteen,
although a greater or a lesser number may be employed as may be found
necessary. W, W, in Fig. 2, are two metal plates, one at each end, and
another, X, Fig. 5, is placed in the middle between the two sets of moulds;
QQ, the slide bars before described, V, part of one of the chains. Theso
moulds only shaping the sides and ends of the bricks, temporary bottoms to
them are of course necessary to be added, both in moulding the bricks and in
removing them when moulded, these temporary wooden bottoms are laid
upon metal bais forming the tops of two four-wheeled trucks or railway
cariages seen cudways in Fig. 1 at Y, Y, and sideways at Y in Fig. 3, cachi
wooden bottom resting or lying upon the edges of two bars in the manner
represented by the dotted lines Z, Z, &c, in Fig 5, and which bars au
secured to a metal frame a, a, this frame is bolted down upon two wooden
checks 6, b, forming the sides of the trucks, and the bolts also pass through
the two iron axles upon which the four wheels c, c, &c. of each truck tuin;
cach truck is supported upon a railway d, d, shewn endways in Fig. 1, and
sideways in Fig 3. The rails of theso ways lodge or rest upon two flames e, e,
cach formed of two houzontal bais connected across by the railway bars d, d.
At each end of the bars e, e, aic holes or sockets, which slide up and
down upon tho vertical bais f, f, by the action of the levers 7, 9. These
levers turn upon axes or fulcrums h, h, which are fixed in the fiame i, 1.
This fiame i, 2, is affixed to the under sides of the frames of brick moulds
P, P, and is also supported upon six wheels J, J., &c, viz, three on side
of the frame 2, 1, which run or 1oll upon another frame or platform k, l, shewn
endways in Fig. 3, which lies horizontal and parallel to the upper sides of tho
bars A, A, on which the fiames of moulds P, P, slide, as before described, the
wheels, j, &c. serving thus in part to support the weight of the frames
of moulds, and reduce their friction upon the bars A, A To one end of each
of the levers g, g. are affixed the wheels 1, 7, turning upon axes formed upon
cross bars which connect those levers together. 'The other ends of the loveit
7. g, are also connected by other cross bais m, m, on the upper sides of which

page_text: the catches n, n, formed at the lower ends of the bent levels o, o, rest, and
retain those ends in a state of depression, as shewn in Fig 1, their other
ends of g, g, which act against the middle of the under sides of the bars e. e,
being at the same time elevated, and raising the truck and wooden boards upon
it, close to the frames of moulds above them, so as to form the bottoms of the
moulds p, p, &c, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, are two iron frames which contam fifteen
ison forces or pistons q, q, &c, each of which is affixed on the under sides of
the frames p, p, by means of two screws, and screwed nuts.
In the
These forcers
7,7, &c., exactly correspond with the moulds P, P, already described, and
form the tops to them when one of the fiames of moulds is drawn underneath
them, as shewn on the right-hand sides of Figs. 1 and 2, and in Fig. 3; at
cach cone of the two fiames p, p, are affixed upright guide rods, r, r, the
upper ends of which slide in holes or guides s, s, &c., affixed to the insides
of the uppermost horizontal bars A, A, of the machine fiame Their lower ends
slide through other guide holes t, t, &c., made near the corners of the frames
of moulds P, P, as shewn in the plan, Fig. 5. To the centres of each of the
two cross bais affixed above the fiames p, p, an upright 1od u, u, is firmly
secured, on the top of which a toothed rack v, v, is formed (see Fig. 3),.at
the back of which lack a fiction 1oller w, w, is placed to prevent it from
coming out of contact with a toothed segment a, a, which works into it.
This segment turns upon a pin or axis y, y, affixed to two cross rails z, z,
secured to the upper part of the machine fiame, as shown in Fig. 2.
upper arm of each of the segments x, x, is mounted a fiction roller 1, 1,
upon or against which a circular inclined plane 2 (shewn separately in Fig. 6),
affixed to the under side of the beam N, N, acts so as to push forward and
depress the roller 1. When this inclined plane 2 has passed over the roller 1
the toothed segment & will be in the position shewn in the various Figures,
and the two frames of forcers p, p, will both be upon the same level, and on
an equilibrium with each other. These frames p, p, are suspended at the
ends of two moveable beams or levers 3, 3, turning upon pins or fulci ums
4, 4, affixed in the standards K, K, of the pugmill as centres, by means
of the jointed connecting rods 5, 5, and consequently when one of the
fiames p, p, is depressed the other will be elevated in the same pio-
portion. When the inclined plane 2 has passed over the friction roller 1
the toothed segment R, R, will begin to act in the pinion S, and cause it to
draw the frame of moulds P, P, into the position shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
and when in that position the toothed segment R, R, will have passed the
pimon S, and become disengaged from it, the frame of moulds P, P, being
placed with one set of moulds, exactly under the set of forces on the night-

page_text: hand side of Figs. 1 and 2, and the other set of moulds will be brought partly
underneath the pugmill, as shewn, to receive and become filled with clay
or other brick earth. On the opposite side of the beam N, N, another
circular inclined plano 6, shewn in Figs. 1 and 3, is affixed, which in this
position will be ready to act on the friction roller 1, on the right-hand side of
the machine, and when the first inclined part of the circular inclined plane 6
has passed over the friction roller 1, the toothed segment will have lowered
the rack v, and the frame of forcers p, upon the moulds. After the bricks have
undergone a proper degree of compression the lower end of a pin 8, affixed
to the under side of the fame p, will begin to act upon the end 9 of the bent
lever o, and to depress it, at the same time releasing the catch n from the upper
side of the cross bar m, when the weight of the truck Y will cause the other
ends of the levers g, g, to descend. But if the sliders e, e, on the ends of the
frame should stop on the sliding bars f. f, and prevent the descent of the
truck Y, the ends of the guide rods r, r, will act upon the upper side of the
truck and push it down, and at the same time the forcers q, q, will press the
lucks out of the moulds and leave them upon the wooden boards lying upon
the bais Z, Z, of the truck, as before said. The hinder part of the circular
inclined plane 6 performs this office of pushing down the truck and bricks,
and the friction roller 1 will then be depressed into the position shewn by the
clotted circular line 7, in Fig. 8. The truck Y with the moulded bricks upon
it must then be removed and be replaced by an empty one of a similar
construction; the rods d, d, of the rails on which the trucks roll being made
inclined, as shewn in Fig. 3, to assist in the removal of the loaded trucks.
When the frame of forcers p, on the right-hand side of Figs. 1 and 2, is pressed
to its lowest extent the other frame is proportionably elevated, and the friction
1oller 1 on the aim of the toothed segment a will be also raised into the
position shown by the dotted circle 10, in Fig. 3. When the circular inclined
plane 6, on the night-hand side of the machine, has passed over the fiiction
roller 1 the other circular inclined plane 2, on the opposite end of the
beam N, N, will be ready to act against and upon the roller 1 of the seg-
ment x, and to depiess it into the position shewn in Fig 3, when the two
force frames p, p, will again be restored to their middle position, as shewn in
Figs. 1 and 3. When the cucular inclined plane 2 has passed over the
friction 1oller 1, on the left-hand side of Figs 1 and 2, the horizontal toothed
segment R, R, will begin to act in the pinion S on that side of the machine,
and the chain V will cause the right-hand side of the frame of the brick
moulds P, P, and its appendages, to be drawn towards the left hand, and be
bought underneath the pugmill to receive its charge of brick earth at the

page_text: same time that the moulds of the left-hand side of the frame P', which have
previously been filled. will have arrived underneath the frame of the forcers p
on the latter side of the machine, but it is to be further observed that the
truck Y, on the tight-hand side of the machine, must be raised to its proper
situation previous to the moulds going underneath the pugmill to be filled.
This is effected by the wheels 1, 1, which are affixed on the ends of the
levers 9, 9, and which will have descended into the position shewn by the
lotted cucle 11, in Fig. 1, ascending the inclined plane 12, and mounting upon
the level part 13 of the railway underneath the pugmill. It will be observed
that another inclined plane 14 is also provided at the opposite end of this rail-
way for a similar purpose. When the wheel has arrived at the top of the
inclined plane 12 the other end of the lever g will be depressed and carried
beneath the catch n, which, by the action of a spring 15 upon it, will hold and
retain it in that position until it is again released in the manner before
described. The pugmill may be filled with brick earth at its top, in any of
the well-known methods; and the moulds may be sanded by means of the two
boxes or hoppers 16, 16, which are affixed to the pugmill, and contain sand,
which is caused to escape as the moulds pass and repass underneath them, by
the action of the studs 17, 17, affixed in the levels 3, 3, upon the upper ends
of other levels 18, 18, which turn upon pins or fulciumis 19, 19, affixed upon
the sides of the sand boxes 16, 16, and cause the flaps or hinged doors 20, 20,
hung to the bottoms of the sand boxes 16, 16, to open sufficiently to allow the
sand to flow upon the bottoms of the moulds in passing towards the pugmill,
and again upon the brick caith they are filled with on their return the etiom,
and which will present the brick earth from adhering to the forcers.
We do not mean or intend hereby to claim as our Inventions any of the
various parts of this machine which may be already known or in use, but we
do hereby claim the method of filling the moulds, the construction and manner
of conveying the moulds backwards and forwards, and the mode of compressing
the buck carth in them, and of pushing it out by the action of the forcers, and
also the delivering the moulded bricks upon tiucks or wheeled carriages
ready to be drawn to the brick field, or wherever else they are required to be
stowed.
In witness when cof, I, the said Thomas Stanford, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-thud day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.
THOMAS (L. s.) STANIFORD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1826, the aforesaid Thomas Staniford came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above witten And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose
Inrolled the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our Loid
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.