IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOUND INGOTS AND CASTINGS OF STEEL AND OTHER METALS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Longsdon of New Broad Street in the City of
London for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOUND
INGOTS AND CASTINGS OF STEEL AND OTHER METALS AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH Communicated to him from abroad by Frederick
Alfred Krupp of Essen in the German Empire Cast Steel Manufacturer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Longsdon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1882.
ALFRED LONGSDON of New Broad Street in the City of London. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOUND INGOTS AND CASTINGS OF STEEL AND OTHER
METALS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH " (A Communication to me
from abroad by Frederick Alfred Krupp of Essen in the German Empire, Cast
Steel Manufacturer)
The object of this invention is to ensure the uniform contraction of the ingot or
casting in the cooling of the molten metal in the mould and thus to prevent the
formation of pores or blow holes in the upper part or in the "runner" of
the casting and to diminish the size of such waste part of the same. For this
purpose according to this invention the contraction is caused to take place
uniformly from the bottom upwards all in the manner hereafter described. This
invention is applicable to ordinary casting and to casting under pressure.
Around the upper part of the casting to be produced the mould is provided or
formed with an annular space or chamber which before the casting or directly
after the casting is charged or filled with liquid slag or with any other suitable
heated body such for instance as sand to about the level of the. molten metal.
When the metal has been poured into the mould more liquid slag or other bad
conductor of heat is run in on the top of the casting so as to cover it several
inches deep; the chamber should for this purpose be carried up high enough
above the level of the molten metal. The slag or the material may be run directly
037

page_text: on to the top of the casting or a plate may be interposed provided with a small
pipe for the escape of the expanding air and gases. below it. The aforesaid
chamber may be made of iron in one or more parts and placed in or on the
mould; or the inner part of the chamber may be of refractory material forming a
lining in the upper part of the mould.
In order to further the .regular cooling and contraction of the molten metal
from below toward the top still more, the lower part of the mould or its enclosing
pressure vessel (if such be used for casting under pressure) may be placed in a
vessel containing water or other fluid. the temperature of which is regulated as
required by valves or cocks on their inlet and outlet pipes; in some cases the lower
part of the mould or pressure vessel may be provided with a jacket through which
air is caused to pass.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Longsdon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th December 1882.
ALFRED LONGSDON of New Broad Street in the City of London "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOUND INGOTS AND CASTINGS OF STEEL AND OTHER
METALS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." (A communication to me
from abroad by Frederick Alfred Krupp of Essen in the German Empire)
"
For
The object of this Invention is to ensure the uniform contraction of the ingot
or casting in the cooling of the molten metal in the mould and thus to prevent
the formation of pores or blow holes in the upper part or in the "runner'
or crop
end of the casting and to diminish the size of such waste part of the same.
this purpose according to this Invention the contraction is caused to take place
uniformly from the bottom upwards all in the manner hereafter described. This
Invention is applicable to ordinary casting and to casting under pressure.
Around the upper part of the casting to be produced the mould is provided or
formed with an annular space or chamber which before the casting. or directly
after the casting, is charged or filled with liquid slag or with any other suitable
heated body such for instance as sand to about the level of the molten metal.
When the metal has been poured into the mould more liquid slag or other bad
conductor of heat is run in on the top of the casting so as to cover it several inches
deep; the chamber should for this purpose be carried up high enough above the
level of the molten metal. The slag or the material may be run directly on to
the top of the casting or a plate may be interposed provided with a small pipe for
the escape of the expanding air and gases below it. The aforesaid chamber may
be made of iron in one or more parts and placed in or on the mould; or the inner
part of the chamber may be of refractory material forming a lining in the upper
part of the mould
In the accompanying drawing I have shown this invention carried out according
to four modifications which I will now describe with reference to corresponding
figures 1, 2, 3 and 4
Figure 1 shows an ingot mould for casting in the ordinary manner that is
without applying pressure to the liquid or fluid metal. The mould consists of a
cylindrical part A and a bottom part A¹. B represents the molten metal run
into the mould; the molten metal is at its upper part surrounded by an upper
continuation A of the mould around which is formed an annular chamber which
before or directly after the casting is charged with liquid slag, sand or other
suitable non-conducting body a to about the line xx The part A² is by pre-
ference of refractory material. A cover or plate d also by preference of refractory
material having been placed on the top of the mould which plate is provided
with a pipe e for carrying off the gases evolved from the interior of the mould
more liquid slag or other suitable bad conductor of heat is run in on the top of
a and d for instance up to the line b c
Figure 2 shows another form of mould in which the additional quantity of slag
is run directly on to the top of the casting, as shown at bc, the part A' being
continued up to the top of the annular chamber containing the first charge a of
liquid slag. In order to further the regular cooling and contraction of the molten
metal from below toward the top still more, the lower part of the mould or its
enclosing pressure vessel if such be used for casting under pressure may be
placed in a vessel containing water or other fluid the temperature of which is
regulated as required by valves or cocks on their inlet and outlet pipes, in some

page_text: cases the lower part of the mould or pressure vessel may be provided with a jacke
through which air is caused to pass.
In figure 3 I have shown an arrangement in which the mould A (in this case
adapted for casting under pressure) is placed in a vesself containing water or
other fluid the temperature of which is regulated by a valve or cock on an inlet
and an outlet pipe respectively, though not shown in the drawing. This figure
also shows a somewhat different arrangement of the annular vessel for the liquid
slag a the additional liquid slag b c being in this case run in directly on to the
casting and on to a. P is the inlet pipe for the gas pressure for consolidating the
casting according to my patent dated 30th June 1881 No. 2860.
The arrangement
Figure 4 shows a mould A enclosed in a pressure vessel C.
of the ring A* and annular chamber. for the liquid slag a is shown similar to
figure 2. This pressure vessel may as stated be placed in an outer vessel like f
figure 3 or have its lower part surrounded by a jacket through which air is
caused to pass.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this invention I
declare that I claim as the Invention communicated to me
The mode and means for diminishing the size of the crop end of steel and other
ingots and castings and for promoting or producing the uniform contraction of
the ingot or casting from the bottom upwards consisting in the enveloping or
surrounding the upper part or crop end of the casting or ingot with a jacket.
of liquid slag or other non-conductor of heat and in the pouring of liquid slag or "
other non-conductor of heat directly or indirectly on the top of the crop end, with
or without the employment of means for cooling the lower part of the mould all
substantially as described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred Longsdon have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Sixth day of December in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
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ALFRED LONGSDON (L.S.)