IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS, IN PAINTING SUCH LATHS, AND IN RAISING AND LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS.
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Pace, of Queen Street, in the City of
London, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHS
FOR VENETIAN BLINDS, IN PAINTING SUCH LATHS, AND IN RAISING AND
LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS.",
Sealed the 18th July 1862, and dated the 22nd January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Pace at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1862.
I, EDMUND PACE, of Queen Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LATHS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS, IN PAINTING SUCH LATHS, AND IN RAISING AND
LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore laths for Venetian blinds have each been formed of one single
strip of wood, from which inconveniences have arisen. Now the object of the
first part of my Invention is to avoid these inconveniences, and at the same
time to effect a saving in wood. I form each separate lath of two leaves of
wood produced by a wood slicing machine, glued or cemented together, warping
is prevented, after planing is avoided, and saving in wood is effected.
My improvements in painting the laths consist in the employment in sub-
stitution for a brush of a roller or rollers set upon a carriage, or provided with
handles at the ends thereof, which rollers take their supply of paint from a
slab with the paint spread upon it; or which take their supply from an inter-

page_text: mediate paint roller. The laths are arranged in rows the breadth of the
rollers, and the painting is effected by drawing the roller or rollers over and in
contact with them. Much time and paint are saved, and no brush marks
are made to spoil the face of the paint.
My improvements in raising and lowering Venetian blinds consist of the
following arrangements:-I place a roller, the axis of which is held in
bearings depending from a frame. On one end of the roller I fit a ferrule,
and insert therein a split roller with a strong spring between the parts sepa-
rated by the split or division; between the two-parts a hole is made through
the ferrule, and also through the split roller for the purpose of fastening one
end of a cord to the ferrule; the outer end of the split roller carries a
ratchet wheel into which a paul takes. The opposite end of the blind roller
to that on which the ferrule is fixed has a hole bored through it to which a cord
is attached, and the bands carrying the laths are fixed on the roller. By pulling
the cord at one end of the roller the blind is wound up, as also the cord
at the opposite end, then by pulling the cord so wound up the blind is
Iowered.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Pace in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd
July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
PACE, of Queen Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Edmund Pace, Her special licence that I, the said Edmund
Pace, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edmund Pace, my, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LATES FOR VENETIAN BLINDS, IN PAINTING SUCH LATHS, AND IN RAISING AND
LOWERING VENETIAN BLINDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edmund Pace, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in

page_text: writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Pace, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
I form each separate lath of one leaf or thickness of wood, or of two or
more leaves of wood produced by a wood slicing machine glued or cemented
together. The knife used for slicing the laths is constructed in such manner
as to cut a smooth surface on both sides of the lath. For this purpose I fix
the wood plank from which the laths are to be cut, after having trimmed the
sides to the required width longitudinally on the bed of the machine, pressing it
down with a weight, as adopted when cutting scaleboard. The knife I prefer
to employ is about twelve inches long, ground to an acute edge, and fastened
by screws to a box fitting into the bed of the machine. Instead of placing
the knife so as to cut transversely at right angles or only slightly diagonally,
I set it at an angle of about eighty degrees, and adjust the centre of the
cutting edge to the centre line of the surface of the wood to be cut. By this
arrangement when the machine is in motion the knife passes along, cutting
laterally, and dividing the fibre of the wood without rending or scaling it,
leaving a smoothly finished surface. The layers so cut may be increased to
any desired thickness by gluing two or more of them together.
My improvements in painting the laths consist in the employment in sub-
stitution for a brush of a roller or rollers set upon a carriage, or provided' with
handles at the ends thereof, which rollers take their supply of paint from a
slab with the paint spread upon it, or which take their supply from an inter-
mediate paint roller, or from the inside of the rollers themselves. The laths
are arranged in rows the breadth of the rollers, and the painting is effected
by drawing the roller or rollers over and in contact with thein. Much time
and paint are saved, and no brush marks are made to spoil the face of the
paint. The laths are then removed, placed on racks to dry, and. the same
process repeated until the necessary number of coats be obtained. Instead
of one roller I sometimes use two or more hollow metal cylinders, and
I perforate a portion thereof about equal in extent to the breadth of a lath,
and cover such portion with one or more layers of flannel with an exterior

page_text: -covering of cotton or any other soft fabric. The paint is placed inside the
cylinders, which are mounted in pairs one above the other, and being caused
to revolve by any suitable gearing are brought close together by weights or
-springs pressing on the bearings of the spindles, so that when the lath is
introduced between the cylinders the paint exudes through the coverings, and
is distributed evenly over the surface of the laths.
My improvements in raising and lowering Venetian blinds consist of the
following arrangements:-I place a roller, the axis of which is held in
.bearings depending from a frame. On one end of the roller I fit a ferrule, and
insert therein a split roller with a strong spring between the parts separated
-by the split or division between the two parts; a hole is made through the
ferrule, and also through the split roller for the purpose of fastening one end
-of. a cord to the ferrule. The outer end of the split roller carries a ratchet
*wheel, into which a paul takes. The opposite end of the blind roller to that
-on which the ferrule is fixed has a hole bored through it to which a cord is
attached, and the bands carrying the laths are fixed on the roller. By pulling
the cord at one end of the roller the blind is wound up, as also the cord
..at the opposite end, then by pulling the cord so wound up the blind is
lowered.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a front view of so much of the
apparatus for raising and lowering Venetian blinds, as will be necessary to
explain this part of my Invention. a is a roller, to which the drawing line b
of. the blinds is attached; the roller is free to turn on axes fitted into
.brackets c, c. Upon one end of the roller a I secure a metal ferrule.d, which
I prefer to be about two inches in diameter, or as large as circumstances will
permit. Into this ferrule, which may be six or more inches long, I fit a
-turned plug of wood, a detached view of which with the ferrule is shewn in
longitudinal section at Figure 2, and in vertical sections at Figures 3 and 4,
through the lines v, w, and x, y, of Figure 2 respectively; the end of this
plug projects far enough to allow a ratchet wheel e to be secured to it, having
a pin or axis extended in order to support the roller and allow it to revolve.
This axis fits into a hole made in the supporting bracket, and a weighted click
or paul fis placed to catch in the teeth of the ratchet wheel e, so that the
plug can only turn in one direction. A portion g of the plug, which fits inside
the ferrule is divided longitudinally down the centre, as shown at Figure 2;
recesses h, h, are made in the divided parts to contain springs.i, i, having a
tendency to press the parts asunder. When the plug and springs are inserted
into the ferrule a friction ensues, which is so adjusted by varying the strength
of the springs as to require a force greater than the weight of the blind to

page_text: allow the roller to move round. A cord is fastened to the outside of the
ferrule, and wrapped round it any required number of times. On pulling this
cord the roller a revolves, and the laths are gathered up by the drawing lines
to the top of the window, the ratchet and paul prevent the return of the
roller upon its axis, and the friction of the plug sustains the weight of the
blind, retaining the laths at any required height. To make the blind descend,
I fasten a corresponding cord k on the opposite end of the wood roller a.
When the blind is raised the roller gathers up this cord, and to make the
blind descend pull the cord k, and the additional strain thus put upon the roller
overcomes the friction exerted by the divided spring plug in the ferrule, and
it is lowered at pleasure.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the manufacture of laths for Venetian blinds by means of a slicing
knife, as herein-before described.
Second, the construction of laths for Venetion blinds by gluing or cementing
together two or more leaves or thicknesses of wood sliced or cut out of the
plank, as herein-before described.
Third, painting the laths for Venetian blinds by means of a roller or rollers,
in manner herein-before described.
And, fourth, raising and lowering Venetian blinds by means of a roller fitted
with a ferrule, in which is inserted a divided spring plug, substantially in
manner herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Pace, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two.
תות זזימת
חמי התזזזותת
EDM
LEMORE FACE
(v.S.)