of Socket Spades and Shovels.
Year: 1884

page_text: of Socket Spades and Shovels.
I JOSEPH SIDAWAY of Furnace Forge Halesowen in the County of Worcester
Spade and Shovel Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
SOCKET SPADES AND SHOVELS" to be as follows:-
My invention has reference to spades and shovels in which the handle is
connected to the blade of the shovel by means of a socket either tubular through-
out or partly solid and partly tubular. Spades and shovels of the kind described
are called socket spades and shovels. In making socket spades and shovels in
which the socket is in part tubular but solid at the part which joins the blade
(which solid part is cominonly called the tang) I employ a fixed or stationary die
having in its upper face three concave or nearly semi-cylindrical depressions and
in conjunction with the said fixed die I employ moveable dies or tools worked
either in a stamp or by a tilt hammer. The first of these tools is nearly seini
cylindrical in figure and is the counterpart of but somewhat less than the first
groove in the fixed die. That part of the blank of which the socket is to be made
being heated to redness is operated upon by the first tool and fixed die and a
trough shape is thereby given to it The edges of the said trough shaped part are
next turned in by a hand worked or tilt hammer. The partially made socket is
next raised to a red heat and operated upon in the second slightly tapering
depression in the fixed die and a die or tool worked in a stamp or by a tilt
hammer.
By the action of the said die and tool the solid tang part of the socket is formed
and by operating on the partially formed socket without reheating by means of the
third slightly tapering depression in the fixed die and a similarly formed moveable
die or tool worked in a stamp or by a tilt hammer the shaping of the socket is
completed. The last described depressions in the die and tool are somewhat larger
than those by which the tang was formed.
I give the socket the required inclination to the blade of the spade or shovel and
also give it the required curvature by means of dies worked in a stamp. The pair

page_text: of dies I employ are so shaped that when their edges are in contact the space
enclosed between their acting faces has the configuration of the blade of the
finished spade or shovel and the exterior of the socket. The "plate" or partially
formed spade or shovel is heated and is then operated upon by the dies last
described whereby the socket has a slightly curved figure given to it and is
inclined at the required angle to the blade.
2
of Socket Spades and Shovels.
I JOSEPH SIDAWAY of Furnace Forge, Halesowen in the County of Worcester,
Spade and Shovel Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
SOCKET SPADES AND SHOVELS" and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to spades and shovels in which the handle is
connected to the blade of the shovel by means of a socket either tubular through-
out or partly solid and partly tubular. Spades and shovels of the kind described
are called socket spades and shovels.
.
'In making socket spades and shovels in which the socket is in part tubular but
solid at the part which joins the blade (which solid part is commonly called the
tang) I employ a fixed or stationary die having in its upper face three concave or
nearly semi cylindrical depressions and in conjunction with the said fixed die
I employ moveable dies or tools worked either in a stamp or by a tilt or steam
hammer. The first of these tools is nearly semi-cylindrical in figure and, is the
counterpart of but somewhat less than the first groove in the fixed die. That part
of the blank of which the socket is to be made being heated to redness is operated
upon by the first tool and fixed die and a trough shape is thereby given to it. The
edges of the said trough shaped part are next turned in by a land worked or tilt
hammer. The partially made socket is next raised to a red heat and operated
upon in the second slightly tapering depression in the fixed die and a die or tool
worked in a stamp or by a tilt hammer.
By the action of the said die and tool the solid tang part of the socket is formed
and by operating on the partially formed socket without reheating by means of.the.
third slightly tapering depression in the fixed die and a similarly formed moveable
die or tool worked in a stamp or by a tilt hammer, the shaping of the socket is

page_text: completed. The last described depressions in the die and tool are somewhat larger
than those by which the tang was formed.
'
I give the socket the required inclination to the blade of the spade or shovel and
also give it the required curvature by means of dies worked in a stamp.
The pair
of dies I employ are so shaped that when their edges are in contact the space
enclosed between their acting faces has the configuration of the blade of the finished
spade or shovel and the exterior of the socket.
The "plate" or partially formed spade or shovel is heated and is then operated
upon by the dies last described whereby the socket has a slightly curved figure
given to it and is inclined at the required angle to the blade.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in side elevation partly in
section and Figure 2 in plan machinery or apparatus constructed according to my
invention for shaping the socket of a spade or shovel, the said socket being partly
solid and partly tubular. In Figure 1 the moveable tools are represented lifted
from the lower fixed tools and the blank is represented in position on the fixed tool
of the first pair of tools; Figure 3 represents the same view as Figure 1 after the
socket has been partly fashioned by the operation of the first pair of tools and
Figure 4 represents a front, elevation of the same with the moveable tools in their
lowered position; Figure 5 represents a longitudinal section taken through the
second pair of tools and Figure 6 represents a longitudinal section taken through
the third pair of tools.
Ths same letters of reference indicate the same parts. in the several Figures of the
drawings.
The blank from which the spade or shovel. is to be made is marked a b, c ;
a being the part from which the blade or "plate" is to be made; b the part from
which the socket is to be made and c is the solid tang by which the blade or
"plate" is joined to the socket part b. The first pair of tools is marked d, e;
the second pair of tools is marked f, g and the third pair of tools is marked h, i.
The moveable tools d, f, h are fixed either to the bolt of a stamp or to the hammer
head of a tilt or steam hammer in the ordinary way and the fixed tools e, g, i
are secured to the anvil or bed of the machine. The first pair of tools d, e has
the figure represented in the Drawing that is, the upper tool d consists of a long
block with a convex tapering bottom and the lower tool e is of a tapering concave
or trough form with expanding sides. The second moveable tool f and fixed tool g
are both concave and semi cylindrical in cross section as seen in Figure 2 and taper
but are of less diameter than the first concave tool c. Both the tools of the third
pair of tools h, i are concave and semi cylindrical in cross section and taper more
than the pair of tools f, g.
The part of the blank shown in Figures 1 and 2 from which the socket is to
be made, having been heated to a red heat is placed on the lower tool e in the
position represented being held by the workman by the tongs m² and the moveable
die or tool d is made to. descend several times upon the blank, the blank being
turned about on the fixed tool e after each descent of the moveable tool d as
indicated by dotted lines in Figure 4. By the operation of the pair of tools d, e a
trough shape is given to the socket part b of the blank as represented in Figures 3
and 4-the trough shaped part of the socket being marked b².
The edges of the partly shaped socket are next turned in by a hand worked or
tilt hammer and the partly made socket is next raised to a red heat and operated
upon by the second pair of tools f, g and afterwards by the third pair of tools h, i
so as to give a cylindrical figure in cross section to the tapering socket and to the
solid tang of the same as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. It will be understood by
an examination of Figures 5 and 6 that the partly shaped socket is advanced more
and more into the tools as the shaping operation proceeds. In Figure 5 the wide
end of the tapering socket 62 is represented being operated upon by the pair of
tools f, g and in Figure 6 the solid tang c is represented being operated upon by
the third pair of tools h, i; Figure 7 represents a cross section of the socket ba
after it has been completed by the operation of the tools f, g, h, i and Figure 8.

page_text: represents a cross section of the solid tang c of the socket after it has been com
pleted in the third pair of tools h i.
Although I prefer to work the upper tools of the three pairs of tools by the same
hammer or stamp and to arrange the lower tools on the same bed yet each pair of
tools may be detached and worked independently of the others.
After the socket has been fashioned in the manner described the partly made
spade or shovel is operated upon by the pair of dies represented in plan in Figure 9,
end elevation in Figure 10 cross section in Figure 11 and longitudinal section in
Figures 12 and 13 for the purpose of giving the socket the required inclination to
the blade or "plate "and for curving the said plate and socket. In Figure 12 the
upper or moveable die is raised from the fixed die and in Figures 10, 11 and 13
the moveable die is closed upon the fixed die; n is the fixed die on the bed of the
stamp and m is the moveable die worked by the slide or ram of the stamp.
The space enclosed between the acting faces of the dies m, n when closed has the
configuration of the blade or plate of the finished spade or shovel and the exterior
of the socket. Those parts of the dies which shape the blade or plate a are
marked p, p and have the configuration best seen in Figure 11 and those parts of
the dies which enclose and bend the socket 62 near its junction with the blade or
plate are marked q, q. The plate a having been beated the said heated plate is
laid upon the lower die n in the position represented in Figure 12 and by the
descent of the upper die m the plate a is shaped by the parts p, p of the dies and
the socket b² by the parts q, q of the dies and the said plate and socket have the
required configuration given to them as illustrated in Figures 11 and 13.
My invention is applicable to the manufacture of socket spades and shovels made
either from a solid blank that is a blank in which the part from which the socket
is made is solid to or in one piece with the part from which the plate is made; or
from a blank in which the part from which the socket is made is welded to the
part from which the plate is made.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is of "New or improved machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of
socket spades and, shovels '
دو
First. The construction of the three pairs of tools or dies substantially as herein
before described and illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings for shaping the socket of the spade or shovel, or the socket and the solid
tang of the spade or shovel.
Secondly. The construction of the pair of dies substantially as herein before.
described and illustrated in Figures 9. 10. 11. 12 and 13 of the accompanying
Drawings for giving the socket the required inclination to the blade or plate of the
spade or shovel and for curving the socket and blade or plate.
Dated this Sirth Jar of August 1885