Improvements in or relating to the Circulation of Water in Steam Boilers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Alication. 24th July, 1899-Accepted,
Alication, 24th July, 1899-Acceptedy
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Circulation of Water in Steam
Boilers.
I, ROBERT KNAPPIK, of Dabrova, Goriecza, in Russian Poland, do hereby
eclare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be
erformed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
tatement:-
This invention relates to steam boilers of any suitable construction, and has
for its object to produce a rapid circulation of water in the boilers.
According to my invention I fit, in the water space of the boiler a vessel open
at the bottom, whereinto a pipe projects downwards. Into this pipe the steam
produced in the chamber can freely escape as soon as the water is forced below
the level of the lower end of the pipe. The steam escaping through the pipe
drives the water along the pipe, and thus puts the water in motion from one end
And in order that my said invention may be parti-
of the boiler to the other.
cularly described and ascertained reference is hereby made to the accompanying
drawings, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts,
and which drawings illustrate diagrammatically two methods of carrying my
invention into practical effect.
Referring to Fig. 1, a is a vessel or chamber of any suitable shape fixed in
the water space of the boiler and open at the bottom. In this vessel a enters
at the top a bent pipe b, the orifice a of which is placed a little above half the
The pipe extends in a slanting direction to the other
height of the vessel a.
end of the boiler where it is bent over at an angle of 90° and terminates at y.
In the bend or elbow of the pipe b is arranged a pipe c extending upwardly.
This arrangement operates in the following manner, that is to say:-When
At
the boiler is heated, steam is formed in the vessel a owing to the gradual heating
5 of the boiler, water, and this steam causes the level of the water in this vessel
to gradually sink until such level reaches below the orifice of the pipe b.
this moment the high pressure steam escapes out of the vessel a and enters into
the pipe b, forcing the water out of the latter pipe, and allowing water to again
As soon as the water level in the latter is raised to the
enter the vessel a.
30 opening of the pipe b, which takes place almost instantaneously, the steam
escapes out of the pipe c while the water is forced out and runs out at the open
ing y of the pipe b.
35
10
This operation is continuously repeated and the water is thus made to circulat
rapidly.
By using this arrangement, which may be fitted in all existing boilers, a con
siderable economy of coal is effected, and incrustations are greatly diminished
while the boiler water can be kept in a much cleaner condition. For this pu
and deposits
pose a deflecting plate or wall d is fitted at some little distance from the orifice
of the pipe b, which acts as a slime or deposit catcher. The water running o
the opening y follows the direction indicated by the arrow,

page_text: mud or slime in front of the plate or wall d, whence this slime can be readily
removed by the aid of a blow off cock e.
Fig. 2 shows a modification of the above arrangement. The characteristic
feature of this modified arrangement is that instead of the violent action of the
contrivance above described an injecting action extending over a longer period
of time is provided for.
The vessel a fitted in the water space of the steam boiler (Fig. 2) is made
somewhat larger and one end of the pipe b enters at the side into the open
vessel a and its other and lower end extends to nearly the lower edge of the
same vessel a. Inside the latter a small pipe c is connected to the pipe b, this pipe
being comparatively short so that its lower end extends only to about half the
height of the vessel a. The pipe b is bent at its other end, (ie., at the other end
of the boiler) which end extends to nearly the bottom of the boiler. As shewn
in Fig. 2 a steam chamber is formed in the vessel a, and the water is gradually
forced out of the latter. As soon as the level of water in the vessel a sinks below
the open end of the small pipe c steam will enter through this pipe into the
pipe b, and owing to its high pressure and rapid motion it will force the water
out of this pipe, thus obviously drawing water through the lower end of the
pipe 6 which is constantly immersed in the boiler water. The pipe e acts there-
fore after the manner of an injector, and this action is maintained so long as
the level of water has not reached the lower end of the pipe c, and hence the
period of time during which the motion of the water takes place is considerably
longer than that shewn in Fig. 1, and the circulation of water is much more
thorough.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. An apparatus for promoting the circulation of wator in steam boilers,
characterized by the arrangement in the water space of such boilers of a bell
or vessel a open at the bottom, into which projects a downwardly arranged pipe b
provided with a bent end, so that when steam is generated in the vessel and the
level of water sinks below the orifice of such pipe, the steam enters the latter
and forces out the water contained therein, while at the same time water rises
in the bell a, and steam escapes into the steam chamber through the vertical
outlet pipe c, while the water runs off at the lower end y, substantially as
described.
2. A modification of the apparatus for promoting the circulation of water in
steam boilers such as above claimed, characterized by the arrangement of a
small tube c connected to the pipe 6 inside the bell or vessel a and acting in a
similar manner to that of an injector as soon as the level of water sinks below
its lower orifice, substantially as and for the purpose described.
1634.
ROBERT KNAPPIK,
By George Downing & Sons,
Chartered Patent Agents, 8, Quality Court, London, W.C.