A Cold Process of Dyeing Hair and Feathers by Means of Paraphenylendiamine or similar Bases.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 16th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Cold Process of Dyeing Hair and Feathers by Means of
Paraphenylendiamine or similar Bases.
1, HUGO ERDMANN, Dr. phil. nat, and Dr. phil., Docent of Chemistry, först Assistent
of the Chemical Institute of the University, Halle (Saale), Germany, Sophien-
strasse 12 do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I claim the method of dyeing hair or feathers by imbuing them with a watery or
alkoholic solution of Paraphenylendiamine and exposing them to a slow oxidation by
the air or treating them in a second bath with oxidating substances. As to the choice
of the oxidating means and the concentration of the solutions, the colour gained is
light or dark; it varies from the lightest tint to the deepest colour. First-rate
oxidating agents are: Iron chloride, Salts of permanganesic acid, Chlorine and its
bleaching salts, Potassium dichromate and Peroxide of hydrogen. But besides the
oxidating agents mentioned others may be used as well. Therefore I claim the novelty
of my invention consisting in the quality of Paraphenylendiamine, when brought in
contact with hair or feathers, to dye by cold process those substances, in a slower or
stronger oxidation. Those are fast dyes, that means: They do not fade and are not
affected by water.
The following examples show the way of proceeding:
I. Dissolve 20 grammes of pure Paraphenylendiamine-or 33,5 grammes of Hydro-
chloric Paraphenylendiamine with 14 gramines of Caustic Soda (or 20 grammes of
Carbonate of Soda)-in water till the volume is a Litre. Imbue cut or live hair, freed
from grease, with this solution and, whilst still in a moist state, submit it to a second
bath, consisting of a 3 per ct. solution of Hydrogen Peroxide. The effect is no
instantaneous one, but after the elapse of one day at the most, the hair etc. are dyed a
deep dark colour; by repeating the same operation blue-black is produced. As the
substances employed are non-injurious, this way is above all commendable for dyeing
the hair of the head and the beard, and must take the place of the solutions of metallic
salts, detrimental to health, or solutions of Pyrogallic Acid with copper,-which agents
are now used for dyeing live hair.
II. If in the process No. I above mentioned the hydrogen peroxide solution is
substituted by a 5 per et. solution of Chloride of iron, a brown colour is produced.
III. Using as oxidating means at half per cent. potassium permanganate solution, a
fair colour (ash-colour) is produced.
Similar other bases may be used instead of Paraphenylendiamine, such as Dime-
thylparaphenylendiamine (Fusing Point 41°), Tolylenparadiamine (F. P. 65°), or some
Isomeric Naphtylendiamines.
Dated this Eleventh day of February 1889.
DR. HUGO ERDMANN,
Halle on/Saale.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Cold Process of Dyeing Hair and Feathers by Means of
Paraphenylendiamine or similar Bases.
I, Dr. HUGO ERDMANN, Halle o/S., Sophienstrasse 12, Lecturer of Chemistry at the
university Halle do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Paraamidophenols or Paradiamines combined with Chinone or Toluchinone, in
watery or alcoholic solutions, unite in forming brown or black colouring matters,
which even in cold fix themselves on hair and feathers. The fair, brown resp. black

page_text: shades thus gained are fast, i.e. they do not faile and are not affected by water. In
this way operate: p-Amidophenol, symmetrical Triamidophenol (Beilstein, Organische
Chemie 2nd edition Vol. 11. p. 468), p-Phenylendiamine, Tolylendiamine (point of
fusing 65°), Dimethyl-p-Phenylendiamine (F. P. 41°), 1—5—Naphtylendiamine
(F. P. 188-190°). The colours are directly gained on the very hair and feathers,
if these are treated with the solutions of Components of the colouring matters. Like-
wise they are gained, if the above mentioned bases on hair and feathers are treated
with oxidating means: so Chinone is produced, which influences on the unaltered
hasis in the way just described. The fittest oxidating agents are: Peroxide of
Hydrogen, Iron Chloride and Salts of permanganesic acid. But besides the oxidating
agents mentioned, others may be used as well.
As to the choice of the substances and the concentration of the solutions, the colour
gained is light or dark; it varies from the lightest tint to the deepest colour.
The following examples show the way of proceeding:
1. Dissolve 15 grammes of pure Paraphenylendiamine-or 251 grammes of Hydro-
chloric Paraphenylendiamine with 10.5 grammes of Caustic Soda-in water till the
volume is a Litre. Imbue cut or live hair, freed from grease, with this solution and,
while still in a moist state, submit it to a second bath, consisting of a 2-5 per ct.
solution of Chinone or Toluchinone. The hair is at once dyed fair, brown or black,
according to the concentration of the Chinone solution.
II. If in the above process Nro. I the Paraphenylendiamine solution is substituted
by a solution of 73 grammes Hydrochloric p-Amidophenol and 40 grammes Caustic
Soda in a Litre of water, a red-brown colour is produced. The hydrochloric p-amido-
phenol may be substituted by Hydrochloric s-Triamidophenol.
III. If in the process Nro. I the Chinone solution is substituted by a 3 per ct.
solution of Hydrogen Peroxide, the effect is no instantaneous one, but after the elapse
of one day at the most, the hair etc. are dyed a deep dark colour; by repeating the
same operation blue-black is produced. By a 5 per ct. solution of Chloride of iron
a brown colour is produced; by a half per cent. Potassium Permanganate solution, a
fair colour is produced.
As the substances employed are non-injurious, these processes I-III are above all
commendable for dycing the hair of the head and the beard, and must take the place
of the solutions of metallic salts, detrimental to health, or solutions of Pyrogallic Acid
with copper, which agents are now used for dyeing live hair.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
"Producing fair, brown and black colours or dyes on hair and feathers by combining
Chinone or Toluchinone (F. P. 67°) with p-Amidophenol, 5-Triamidophenol, p-Phenyl-
endiamine, Tolylen-p-diamine (F. P. 65°), Dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (F. P. 41°)
or 1-5 Naphtylendiamine (F. P. 188-190°; compare Erdmann, Liebigs
Annalen d. Chemie 247, p. 360) or treating these bases with Hydrogen Peroxide,
Chloride of Iron, Permanganate of Potassium or other oxidating means.'
In witness whereof I, the said Dr. Hugo Erdmann, have hereunto set my hand
and seal.