IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PURIFYING AND AERATING SEA WATER, PARTS OF WHICH MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR COOKING AND BAKING PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Graveley, of Upper East Smithfield,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PURIFYING AND AERATING SEA WATER, PARTS OF
WHICH MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR COOKING AND BAKING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 27th October 1859, and dated the 28th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Graveley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th, May, 1859...
I, WILLIAM HENRY GRAVELEY, of Upper East Smithfield, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PURIFYING AND AERATING SEA WATER,
PARTS OF WHICH MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR COOKING AND BAKING PURPOSES:" to be
as follows:
'
My apparatus consists of a furnace with the ordinary appliances for cooking,
roasting, and baking, and of two steam boilers, arranged and acting as here-
after described. The same fuel and furnace perform all the operations. One
boiler is similar to an ordinary locomotive tubular boiler. I divide the steam
chest or dome into two compartments by a partially perforated plate, to prevent
any undue pressure of steam coming too suddenly in contact with the steam
pipe leading from the dome. Inside the lower compartment I place a small
[Price 8d1

page_text: dome, perforated to a given height up the sides; inside this small dome is a
globular valve, provided with a proper seating, into which seating a pipeopens;
this pipe is intended to carry off any salt water that may rise with the steam.
I enclose the globular valve, to ensure its not being held down on its seat by
the pressure of the steam in the chest. I encase the above-named steam
boiler in an air tube, to prevent loss of heat by radiation, and outside of the
air tube is fixed another boiler containing a quantity of tubes in connection
with steam pipes from the chest of internal boiler, for the purpose of boiling
sea water. I admit atmospheric air to aërate and mix with the steam from the
first steam chest after the same has entered the tubes in the second boiler,and
force or drive in the air by a jet of steam. On this second boiler I apply
another steam chest or dome, divided into two compartments and fitted with a
globular valve, as in the dome first mentioned. A steam pipe leads from the
top of this dome, and I make an orifice in the side of the dome for the
admission of atmospheric air,and introduce a jet of steam from the first-named
steam chest, to draw the air in. The steam pipe from the last-named dome
leads to a small cistern or box containing fresh water, in which the steam
from both boilers is first received and becomes condensed. The water from
this box then passes through a condenser and filter in connection with it, and
is discharged from the filter in the state of pure aërated fresh water. On
the outer case I place a pumping engine, for the purposes of keeping a
constant supply of cold sea water to the condenser, and for feeding warm salt
water from the condenser to the boilers. The pumping engine is worked by
steam from the steam chest first described. A pipe is connected to the outer
boiler, rising to the water line, to allow of a constant discharge of brine, to
prevent incrustation. I carry the flues, after leaving the boiler tubes,round or
against an oven, in order to utilize the heat which would otherwise be lost.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Graveley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY GRAVELEY, of Upper East Smithfield, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,the
said William Henry Graveley, Her special licence that I, the said William
Henry Graveley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Henry Graveley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PURIFYING AND AERATING SEA WATER,
PARTS OF WHICH MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR COOKING AND BAKING PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others! that I, the said William Henry Graveley,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said William Henry Graveley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My apparatus consists of a furnace with the ordinary appliances for cooking,
roasting, and baking, and of one or two steam boilers, arranged and acting as
hereafter described. The same fuel and furnace perform all the operations.
One boiler is similar to an ordinary tubular boiler. I divide the steam chest
or dome into two compartments by a partially perforated plate, to prevent any
undue pressure of steam coming too suddenly in contact with the steam pipe
leading from the dome. Inside the lower compartment I place a small dome,
perforated to a given height up the sides; inside this small dome iṣa globular
valve, provided with a proper seating, into which seating a pipe opens; this
I
pipe is intended to carry off any salt water that may rise with the steam.
enclose the globular valve to ensure its not being held down on its seat by the
pressure of the steam in the chest.
I encase the above-named steam boiler in an air tube to prevent loss of
heat by radiation, and outside of the air tube is fixed another boiler containing
a quantity of tubes in connection with steam pipes from the chest of internal
boiler, for the purpose of boiling sea water. I admit atmospheric air to aërate
and mix with the steam from the first steam chest after the same has entered

page_text: the tubes in the second boiler, and force or drive in the air by a jet of steam.
On the second boiler I apply another steam chest or dome, divided into two
compartments and fitted with a globular valve, as in the dome first mentioned.
A steam pipe leads from the top of this dome, and I make an orifice in the
side of the dome for the admission of atmospheric air, and introduce a jet of
steam from the first-named steam chest to draw the air in. Steam pipes from
the domes lead to a small cistern or box containing fresh water, in which the
steam from both boilers is first received and becomes condensed. The water
from this box then passes through a condenser and filterin connection with it,
and is discharged from the filter in the state of pure aërated fresh water. On
theouter case I place a pumping engine, for the purposes of keeping a constant
supply of cold sea water to the condenser, and for feeding warm salt water
from the condenser to the boilers. The pumping engine is worked by steam
from the steam chest first described. A pipe is connected to the outer boiler,
rising to the water line, to allow of a constant discharge of brine to prevent
incrustation. I carry the flues, after leaving the Loiler tubes, roun or
against an oven, in order to utilize the heat which would otherwise be lost.
Figure 1, Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, is an isometrical per-
spective view, partly in section, of an apparatus for cooking, roasting, and
baking, and for purifying and aërating sea water, constructed according to my
Invention. E is the fire-place, E¹, E¹, are the furnace bars; F is the
furnace door; G is the ash-pit; K is an ordinary tubular boiler, which is
surrounded by an air tube, or by a thick packing of felt H, as shewn ; K' is
another boiler which surrounds or encases the felt and tubular boiler K; M is
a dome or steam chest, which is fitted to the boiler K and receives the steam
generated therein through a pipe L; I is a perforated plate placed near the
upper part of the dome; J is a steam pipe for the passage of steam, to drive
the engine N, which is fixed on the upper part of the whole apparatus, andis
intended to keep up a constant supply of sea water to the boilers K and K',
and to the condenser ; M³ is another and smaller dome, placed in the interior
and at the lower part of the larger one; it is perforated at its lower part, as
shewn at a, a; through which perforations, steam, and any salt water tha
may rise with it; enter the small dome M'. is a globular valve, into the
seating of which a pipe centers, which carries off the salt water just mentioned
to the boiler K¹. Steam from a pipe d enters a space formed round the
cooking boilers O, O, in the manner more clearly shewn in the Sheets of
Drawings to be hereafter described. M is another dome or steam chest,
similar to that just described, it also contains a perforated plate I¹, an internal
dome P, which is perforated as before, and a globular valve ; e is a pipe fitted

page_text: to the upper part of the dome M, through which steam passes to be condensed
This pipe e leads into a water cisterufin communication with a refrigerator y
surrounded by cold sea water. The condensed steam circulates through the
pipes of the refrigerator, and finally enters a filter, from which it is drawn off
pure water by a pipe , which is furnished with a tap, not shewn in the
Drawing. Atmospheric air is drawn into the dome M" for the purpose of
aërating the water through a pipe not seen in the Drawing, but which
enters the side of the said dome. A jet of steam is admitted into this pipe
in a downward direction, through a pipe leading from the dome M, for the
purpose of creating a draught for the air. The products of combustion,
after passing through the fines of the tubular boiler, enter other flues formed
at the end of the apparatus, and thereby heat the baking ovens R, R, after
which the products pass off to the chimney T. i is a brine cock for dis-
charging water from the boiler.
I now proceed to explain a modification of the apparatus last described,
in which a single boiler only is used, and the arrangement of the parts is
altered, the method of action, however, in order to obtain pure aërated
fresh water from sea water, is in both cases the same.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a front view, and Figure 2 is a plan of this apparatus
complete; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the same taken through the
line A, B, of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken through the
line E, F, of Figure 3. Figure 5, Sheet 3, is an external view of one side
of the apparatus; and Figure 6 is a similar view of the opposite side;
Figure 7 is an end view; and Figure 8 is a vertical section taken through
the line C, D, of Figure 3, Sheet 1. The same letters of reference refer
to like parts in all the Figures on Sheets 2 and 3.
E is the fire-place; E', E', are the furnace bars; F is the furnace door:
G is a hot plate for stewing; H, H, are guard rails fitted round the hot
plate; I, I, are bars or rails fitted to the guard, which are intended to support
saucepans or other cooking utensils, and to prevent them from rolling off
or shifting; J, J, are steamers of the ordinary construction fitted or placed
at the top of the apparatus; K is a boiler, the water in which is heated by the
products of combustion passing through flues L, L; M is a dome,at the upper
part of which a safety valve is fitted; N is a tube placed inside the dome and
extending to nearly the top thereof. The steam which is generated in the
boiler passes up this tube N, and descends between the tube and the dome M
surrounding the cooking boilers 0,0, (as indicated by the arrows). The flues
L, L, are in communication with a smoke box P, through which the products
of combustion pass to the vertical tubes Q, Q, which surround the baking

page_text: ovens R, R; S is a division plate and damper, and T is a chimney; U is a
hot closet, heated by the products of combustion as they pass from the
flues L, L, to the flues Q, Q; V is a gauge to indicate the height of the water
in the boiler; W is a hand pump by which salt water is forced into the boiler,
or instead of a hand pump, a donkey engine may be employed. Steam is led
through a pipe X from the boiler K to a refrigerator or condenser placed at
or Dear the lower part of the apparatus. K' is a cock fitted to the upper part
of the pipe X, which regulates the pressure or quantity of steam allowed
to. circulate round the cooking boilers. A detached view of the condenser is
given at Figure?,on a scale smaller than that at which it is drawn in Figure3.
The condensed steam, after entering the refrigerator, traverses the pipes
Y,Y, enters a compartment Y', and passes from thence to other pipes Y",Y",
after traversing which it enters a filter Z, which is provided with partitions
ZZ, so arranged that thewater maypass through an extended surface of the
filtering medium; Z" is a pipe by which pure fresh water is drawn off. The
space round the refrigerating tubes is filled with cold salt water, and the par-
tition that divides the water in the boiler from that round the refrigerator is
composed of felt encased in iron, which prevents any heat passing from one
compartment to the other. W is a pipe for the admission of atmospheric
air to the condenser; X' is a small pipe leading from the boiler K, which
enters the pipe W, down which it extends a short distance, in order to create
a draught for the air down the pipe W. a is a feed cock to the boiler, and
a waste water cock from the condenser; is a discharge air pipe; c is a tap
by which hot distilled water is drawn off; d, d, are mud holes; e is a man
hole; is a brine cock by which the brine can be constantly withdrawn, and
incrustation of the boiler thereby to a great extent prevented.
Figure 10, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal sectional elevation, and Figure 11 is
a horizontal section through the line a,y, of Figure 10, of another modifi-
cation of the apparatuses before described. E is the furnace or fire-place;
E, E', are the furnace bars; Gis a hot plate, and H, H, the guard rails; K is
a tubular boiler; the steam which is generated in this boiler passes through a
tube N, formed round a fluef, through which flue the products of combustion
which conveys it
from the furnace pass. The steam enters another tube gr
to a 'space formed round the cooking boilers O, O. From this space the steam
passes of to a condenser i, and after traversing the pipes therein, it enters a
filter 2, from which it is drawn off pure water; n is a pipe for the admission o
atmospheric air to the condenser; is a pipe for the admission of a small je
of steam from the tube N to the condenser, in a downward direction, for the
escape of air
purpose of creating a draught for the air; m is a pipe for the

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the general arrangement of apparatus for cooking, roasting, and
baking, and for obtaining aërated fresh water from sea water, herein-before
described and illustrated at Figure 1, Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the general arrangement of apparatus for cooking, and for obtaining
aërated fresh water from salt water, herein-before described and illustrated
with reference to the Figures shown in Sheets 2 and 3 of the accompanying
Drawinge.
Third, the modification of the apparatus for cooking and obtaining pure
acrated fresh water from salt water, herein-before described and illustrated
at Figures 10 and 11, Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, creating a downward draught in apparatuses for obtaining fresh
water from sea water by means of a jet of steam for drawing in atmospheric
air to mix with the steam, and thus aërate the water, substantially as herein-
before described.
And, fifth, the general working of the apparatuses herein-before described,
in so far as regards the treatment of sea water, in order to obtain fresh
water therefrom.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Graveley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
W. H. GRAVELEY. (L.S.)