Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Castings, such 20 J Projectiles.
Year: 1899

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Date of Application, 1st July, 1899"
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Complete Specification Left; 29th Mar:, 1900-Accepted; 5th May, 1900-
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
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Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Castings, such
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Projectiles.
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I, ROBERT, ABBOTT HADFIELD, of The. Grove,. Endcliffe. Vale Road, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature, of this
invention, to be, as follows:
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1-have previously proposed to use in casting steel projectiles, moulds having
a lower portion made of iron so as to rapidly chill the steel coming in contact
with it and an upper portion of sand adapted to allow the steel in contact there-
with to cool less rapidly.
When a steel casting, as for instance a projectile, is cast in a niould having
such a metallic chill the resulting casting tends to crack or open at the junction
of the part cast 'in the chill with the part cast in the sand, such crack of defect
being caused by the more rapid contraction of the part cast in the metallic chill.
Now the object of this invention is to avoid such defects for which purpose thaf
portion of the mould between the metallic chill and the sand portion thereof
consists partly of sand and partly of metal, the arrangement being such that the
chilling effect of, the mould shall not suddenly vary.
In one arrangement the upper portion of the chill
made of enlarged "diameter
so that an internal shoulder is formed within the chill, the upper surface of
which is serrated, scalloped or corrugated; and the sand filled into said enlarged
portion of the chill. Or the chill may be made in the ordinary manner except
that the upper surface of its wall upon which the sand portion of the mould
rests may be similarly formed with serrations, scallops or corrugations.
In casting in a mould thus constructed, the contraction of the steel takes place
gradually at the part formed partly of sand and partly of iron the rapidly
cooling portion of the casting within the chill blending with tlie more slowly
cooling portion cast in the sand in such a manner that the resulting casting is
free from the 'defects before mentioned.
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Similar results may be obtained by making the upper portion of the wall
of the chill of decreasing thickness towards the top so as to enlarge the internal
diameter of the chill; or by forming the upper part of the wall with internal
radial "corrugations, serrations or scallops instead of or in addition to those
already referred to so that the thickness of the wall at this part will vary in
thickness circumferentially.
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5.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Steel Castings, such as
Projectiles,
I, ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD, late of The Grove, Endcliffe Vale Road, Sheffield,
in the County of York, but now of Parkhead House, Sheffield, aforesaid, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
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I have previously proposed to use, in casting steel projectiles, moulds having a
lower portion made of iron so as to rapidly chill the steel coming in contact
with it, and an upper portion of sand the steel in contact with which will cool
less rapidly.
When a steel casting, as for instance a projectile, is cast in a mould having
such a metallic chill, the resulting casting tends to crack or open at the junction
of the part cast in the chill with the part cast in the sand, such crack or defect
being caused by the more rapid contraction of the part cast in the motallic chill.
Now, the object of this invention is to avoid such defects, for which purpose
the mould, between the metallic chill and the sand portion thereof, is formed
partly of sand and partly of metal, the arrangement being such that the chilling
effect of the mould shall not suddenly vary.
In the arrangement of chill designed for use in casting projectiles which is
shown in vertical-section in Fig. 1 and horizontal section in Fig. 2, the chill «<,
in which the head of the projectile is cast, is made of enlarged diameter at its
upper part so that an internal shoulder c is formed within the chill, the upper
surface of which shoulder is-serrated, scalloped or corrugated as shown; sand d
is filled into said enlarged portion of the chill. e is sand contained in a box f
and forming the body portion of the mould.
Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 1 of a chill a made in the ordinary manner
except that the upper surface of its wall y, upon which the sand portion e of
the mould rests, is formed with serrations, scallops or corrugations.
Fig. 4 illustrates in vertical section an arrangement wherein the upper por-
tion of the wall of the chill a is of decreasing thickness towards the top, the
internal diameter of the chill being enlarged and lined with sand gradually
decreasing in thickness towards the lower part of the enlarged part of the chill.
In Fig. 5, which is a plan view of another modification, the upper part of
the wall of the chill a is formed with internal radial corrugations, serrations
or scallops so that the metal wall and said walls at this part vary in thickness
circumferentially in an alternate manner as shown.
In some cases, corrugations, serrations or scallops may be arranged to extend
both upwardly and radially.
In casting in moulds constructed as described and illustrated; I have found that
the contraction of the steel being cast takes place gradually at the intermediate
part (in Figs. 1, 3 and 4) which is formed partly of sand and partly of iron,
the rapidly cooling portion of the casting within the chill a below the inter-
mediate part blending with the more slowly cooling portion cast in the
sand e in such a manner that the resulting casting is free from the defects before
mentioned..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The manufacture of steel articles such as projectiles, by casting in a mould

page_text: having a metallic part adapted to chill the steel being cast and a sand part
adapted to allow the steel to cool less rapidly in combination with an inter-
mediate part formed substantially as described partly of metal and partly of sand
in suchwise as to obviate or mitigate sudden variations in the chilling effect as
heroinabove set forth.
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2. In the manufacture of steel castings such as projectiles the use of moulds
constructed and arranged substantially as hereinabove described with reference
respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2, in Fig. 3, in Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5
of the accompanying drawings for the purpose mentioned.
Dated this 29th day of March 1900.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.