IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RUBBING AND MIXING PAINTS, CHEMICALS, FERTILIZERS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCEE.
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Clark, of Rathbone Place, and of
53, Chancery Lane, both in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RUBBING AND MIXING
PAINTS, CHEMICALS, FERTILIZERS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCEE.' -A communica-
tion from abroad by Robert Poole, of Baltimore, Baltimore County,
State of Maryland, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1869.
I, ALEXANDER CLARK, of Rathbone Place, and of 53, Chancery Lane,
both in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RUBBING
MIXING PAINTS, CHEMICALS, FERTILIZERS,
OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
The machine which is the subject of this Invention has for its object
mainly the mixing of paints and chemicals, but may be used for mixing
[Price S.]

page_text: or rubbing any soft, pasty, gummy, glutinous, or resinous substances;
and the Invention consists, first, in combining with a pan, tub, or other
suitable holding vessel revolving horizontally on its support a rubbing
or mixing apparatus that turns about its support within or over said
pan, tub, or other holder, so that the united movements of the pan or
holder, and of the rubbers or mixers shall form or resemble a series of
circular lines that cut or cross each other after the manner of "chased "**
or lathework," as it is termed.
And the Invention further consists in combining with a revolving
pan, tub, or other suitable revolving holding vessel, and the rubbing or
mixing apparatus, a guide or scraper for turning and directing the
material that is being rubbed or mixed out of the path of the rubbers or
mixers when desired.
And the Invention further consists in combining with a revolving
pan, tub, or other suitable receiver, and revolving rubbers and mixers,
the guide and central discharge opening for removing the material acted
upon by them from the pan or receiver.
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed represents a vertical section taken
through the line x, x, of Figure 2; and Figure 2 represents a top plan
of the machine.
In Figures 3, 4, and I have represented in a sectional and detail
views a similar machine with certain modifications and additional
details, which I mention as follows:--
1st. A ventilating plug for allowing the mixed material to pass from
the receiver, and if heated by the mixing or rubbing to allow the heat
to pass off.
2ndly. To a revolving receiver attached to and revolving with the pan.
in which the material is mixed.
3rdly. To a stirring and feeding arrangement in connection with a
valve screw and agitator to regulate the passage of the mixed material
from the receiver.
4thly. To a detachable nozzle in connection with the feeding apparatus
for facilitating the cleansing of the apparatus therefor.
5thly. To the drip cups for preventing any of the oil of the machinery
from getting into the material that is being mixed and thus staining or
damaging it.

page_text: To enable others skilled in the art to make and use this Invention,
I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the Drawings.
On a suitable base I the pan, basin, or other vessel A is arranged so
that it may be revolved, for which purpose a rib or circular projection a
is made on the bottom of the pan which rests and moves in a grooved
way c on the base I, which groove may contain oil to cause the pan to
run easily and truly and with but little friction. Around the edge of
the bottom of the pan there is a circular rack B, into which a bevil
gear e on the end of a shaft f takes so as to rotate the pan or vessel.
The power to drive the machinery may be transmitted through a fast
pulley on the shaft which moves said shaft, and from this shaft motion
is communicated to the other moving parts of the machine; on this
shaft there is a gear K that meshes with and gives motion to a gear L
on the shaft f, and consequently to said shaft also. The shaft i and its
gears are supported and turned in a bracket or arm M that projects over
the perimeter of the tub far enough to receive, hold, and support the
mixing, rubbing, or stirring devices, as will be explained. The shaft i
has upon its end a bevil pinion m that works in and turns a bevil
gear N on a vertical shaft n suspended in or to the arm or bracket M
so as to turn freely therein. To the under side of the bevil gear N is
fastened, so that they will touch or nearly touch the bottom of the inside of
the pan, a series of stirrers, mixers, or rubbers C that are carried around
with said gear or with its shaft n, and these stirrers, mixers, or rubbers
may be of such shape and of such material as will best serve the special
purpose for which the machine is to be used. The dotted circles J,
Figure 2, show the path or lines in which these stirrers, mixers, or
rubbers move on or over the bottom of the revolving pan as it moves
around on its supports. These lines J resemble what is termed "chased "
or
lathework," and cross each other at such inclinations that the
material to be operated upon is mixed in the most thorough manner,
and not simply pushed apart without being mixed and thoroughly
incorporated as is often the case with a body moving through a mass
of material. The comparative speed or motion of the pan or holder,
and of the mixers or rubbers, regulates the distance at which these lines
cross or cut each other. When the material is sufficiently ground,
rubbed, or mixed the plug G is raised up out of the opening F in the
central part of the pan by means of a rope H or otherwise, and the
scraper or guide D upon the hinged or pivoted lever E is allowed to

page_text: drop so as to come down upon or close to the bottom of the pan.
The pan and stirrers are kept in motion, and the material as it is
chrried round by the pan is by the stirrers or rubbers C thrown against
the scraper D, which, as shown in Figure 2, is of a curved form and
extends from near the perimeter of the pan to the opening F, and it
guides and directs the material thus brought up against it to the
opening F, whence it drops through, and by means of a pipe or trough, if
liquid, or a conveyor, if solid, the mixed substance may be carried off
to any suitable receptacle, and the pan recharged for another similar
operation.
According to the modifications and additional details represented in
Figures 3, 4, and 5 the base or bed A of the machine may rest upon the
floor B of an upper room in which the mixing apparatus is arranged
and works, and the receiver and conveyor may extend through said floor
so as to convey it into a room below, where it is afterwards treated or
packed. On the bed or base A¹ is supported a pan, basin, or other
suitable vessel C for containing the material to be mixed or rubbed.
This pan C has a flange a¹ on its under side which is supported and
moves in a circular recess b' in the bed, said recess being so made as to
contain a lubricating material for allowing the flange on the pan to run
freely therein and without undue friction. On the upper part of the
pan C there is a flange c', on the under part of which is formed a cogged
gear by which it is revolved. In the centre of the pan there is an
opening e¹ which is closed by a plug when material is being mixed or
rubbed in it, and which is withdrawn, as will be herein-after explained,
when the pan is to be emptied of its contents. On the bed or base A¹
there is secured a pillar block or bracket block D' which contains
bearings or supports for the gears and their shafts as also for some of the
appliances herein-after to be mentioned. The main driving shaft f¹ has
upon it a fast and loose pulley E', F', for holding the driving belt and
through which it is driven or stopped, as the case may be. On the
shaft there is a gear g' which meshes into and drives a gear hon
a shaft and consequently the shaft, as its gear is fast on it. On the
inner end of the shaft there is a bevil gear j¹ which works in the
circular geard on the pan and revolves said pan.
On the upper or
main driving shaft f there is a bevil pinion that works into and
turns the bevil gear G which is secured to the upper end of a vertical
shaft The lower end of said shaft carries a drip cup H', to the

page_text: A'
under side of which are secured the stirrers or mixers m², m', m', which
extend down into the pan, the lower ends of these mixers being bent or
turned, as shown at n', and run close to the bottom of the pan.
scraper is attached to the block D' and extends down into the pan,
and in close proximity to the inner perimeter, to scrape off the material
that might adhere thereto and bring it within the influence of the
mixers m, which rotate close to it. Through a vertical support p¹ on
the end of the block or gear frame D' there passes a screw rod q' that
has a nut and hand wheel working in connection with it, so as to raise
it up or let it down, and to the lower end of this screw rod q' is attached
a hollow plug 1' which closes or discloses the hole e¹ through the bottom
of the pan, as the case may be. The shafts, ¹, l, q, of course
require boxes or bearings to move in, and must have such bearings oiled.
The oil from the shaft it being outside of and below the top of the
pan, could not drip and drop into the pan as could that from the other
shafts f', ', q, and to prevent this dripping or dropping of the oil,
which if allowed to drop into white lead so stains it as to injure its
commercial value, I arrange drip cups s', H', u', under these shafts that
will catch and hold all such drippings, and from which it may readily
be taken. The plug I is hollow, as before mentioned, and is furnished
with openings ' at or near its top, or above the line of the material that
is being treated in the pan, so as to allow ventilation from the receiver
below the pan, which I will now describe. The receiver J₁ is attached
to and revolves with the pan C, and when the plug 1' is raised up the
contents of the pan pass into the receiver J¹, which should be of capacity
enough to hold one or more charges. The lower end of the receiver is
of a funnel form, and the section K' at its extreme end is removable
so as to get at the interior to cleanse it. The section K' is connected to
the receiver by a screw bolt w' passing through the lugs or flanges a', y',
and by an open hook z¹ and screw bolt ", as seen in Figures 1, 3, and 5,
which admit of its being easily freed and swung to one side without
being actually taken off. The lower end of the receiver is controlled by
a valve 2', which can be moyed by a screw nut 3' working in a screw
cut in the spindle L', said nut being turned by a hand wheel 4' connected
to the nut. By turning the hand wheel the valve can be moved to open,
close, or regulate the outlet of the material from the receiver or stop it
at pleasure. The spindle L' is revolved by the spindle M' which turns
the runner of the pair of grinding, rubbing, or mixing stones N', O',
which stones as they are termed may be of any of the usual well-

page_text: known material used for such purpose. The spindle L' extends up into
the receiver and has upon its upper end a stirrer 5', which in revolving
with the spindle prevents the material from arching and clogging in the
receiver; and below this stirrer, or at the bottom of the receiver and
close to the valve, there is a forced screw or other feed 6' which forces
the material out of the receiver, whence it drops into the hopper P¹, and
by a somewhat similar screw feed 7 therein is forced into or through
the eye of the upper stone and introduced to the grinding surface
between the stones. By the ventilating holes ¹ in the plug I, I prevent
a vacuum from being created in the receiver, and also allow any vapors
or gases to pass off. As the stones may and do run independent of the
revolving of the pan the feeding will continue, notwithstanding the pan
and receiver may stop for recharging the pan or discharging it. Of
course when both the receiver and the screw feed are revolving the feed
will be greater than when the feed alone is in motion, but the valve
and its regulation are so ready as to compensate at once for the change
of feed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
CLARK, of Rathbone Place, and of 53, Chancery Lane, both in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Clark, Her, special
licence that I, the said Alexander Clark, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said 'Alexander Clark, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should
expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RUBBING AND MIXING PAINTS, CHEMICALS,

page_text: FERTILIZERS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," a communication to me from abroad
by Robert Poole, of Baltimore, Baltimore County, State of Maryland,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Alexander Clark, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Clark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
The machine which is the subject of this Invention has for its object
mainly the mixing of paints and chemicals, but may be used for mixing
or rubbing any soft, pasty, gummy, glutinous, or resinous substances;
and the Invention consists, first, in combining with a pan, tub, or
other suitable holding vessel revolving horizontally on its support a
rubbing or mixing apparatus that turns about its support within or
over said pan, tub, or other holder, so that the united movements of the
pan or holder and of the rubbers or mixers shall form or resemble a
series of circular lines that cut or cross each other after the manner of
lathework, or engine turning as it is termed.
And the Invention further consists in combining with a revolving pan,
tub, or other suitable revolving holding vessel, and the rubbing or
mixing apparatus, a guide or scraper for turning and directing the
material that is being rubbed or mixed out of the path of the rubbers or
mixers when desired.
And the Invention further consists in combining with a revolving
pan, tub, or other suitable receiver, and revolving rubbers and mixers,
the guide and central discharge opening for removing the material acted
upon by them from the pan or receiver.
Figure 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a vertical
section taken through the line x, x, of Figure 2; and Figure 2 represents
a top plan of the machine.

page_text: In Figures 3, 4, and 5 I have represented in a sectional elevation and
detail views a similar machine with certain modifications and additional
details, which I mention as follows:-
First. A ventilating plug for allowing the mixed material to pass from
the receiver, and if heated by the mixing or' rubbing to allow the heat
to pass off.
Secondly. To a revolving receiver attached to and revolving with the
pan in which the material is mixed.
Thirdly. To a stirring and feeding arrangement in connection with a
valve screw and agitator to regulate the passage of the mixed material
from the receiver.
Fourthly. To a detachable nozzle in connection with the feeding
apparatus for facilitating the cleansing of the apparatus therefor.
Fifthly. To the drip cups for preventing any of the oil of the
machinery from getting into the material that is being mixed and thus
staining or damaging it.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use this Invention I
will proceed to describe the same with reference to the Drawings.
On a suitable base I the pan, basin, or other vessel A is arranged so that it
may be revolved, for which purpose a rib or circular projection a is made
on the bottom of the pan which rests and moves in a grooved way con
the base I, which groove may contain oil to cause the pan to run easily
and truly and with but little friction. Around the edge of the bottom of
the pan there is a circular rack B into which a bevil gear e on the end
of a shaft f takes so as to rotate the pan or vessel. The power to drive
the machinery may be transmitted through a fast pulley on the shaft i
which moves said shaft, and from this shaft motion is communicated to
the other moving parts of the machine. On this shaft there is a
gear K that meshes with and gives motion to a gear L on the shaft f,
and consequently to said shaft also. The shaft and its gears are sup-
ported and turned in a bracket or arm M that projects over the perimeter
of the tub far enough to receive, hold, and support the mixing, rubbing,
or stirring devices, as will be explained. The shaft i has upon its end a
bevil pinion m that works in and turns a bevil gear N on a vertical
shaft n suspended in or to the arm or bracket M so as to turn freely
therein. To the under side of the bevel gear N is fastened (so that they
will touch or nearly touch the bottom of the inside of the pan) a series

page_text: These
The
of stirrers, mixers, or rubbers C that are carried around with said gear
or with its shaft n, and these stirrers, mixers, or rubbers may be of such
shape and of such material as will best serve the special purpose for
which the machine is to be used. The dotted lines J show the path or
lines in which these stirrers, mixers, or rubbers move on or over the
bottom of the revolving pan as it moves around on its supports.
lines J resemble what is termed engine turning or lathework,"
and cross each other at such inclinations that the material to be
operated upon is mixed in the most thorough manner, and not simply
pushed apart without being mixed and thoroughly incorporated as is
often the case with a body moving through a mass of material.
comparative speed or motion of the pan or holder and of the mixers or
rubbers regulates the distance at which these lines cross or cut each
other. When the material is sufficiently ground, rubbed, or mixed the
plug G is raised up out of the opening F in the central part of the pan
by means of a rope H or otherwise, and the scraper or guide D upon
the hinged or pivotted lever E is allowed to drop so as to come down
upon or close to the bottom of the pan. The pan and stirrers are kept
in motion, and the material as it is carried round by the pan is by the
stirrers or rubbers C thrown against the scraper D, which, as shown in
Figure 2, is of a curved form and extends from near the perimeter of the
pan to the opening F, and it guides and directs the material thus
brought up against it to the opening F, whence it drops through, and
by means of a pipe or trough, if liquid, or a conveyor, if solid, the
mixed substance may be carried off to any suitable receptacle, and the
pan recharged for another similar operation.
According to the modifications and additional details represented in
Figures 3, 4, and 5 the base or bed A' of the machine may rest upon
the floor B' of an upper room in which the mixing apparatus is arranged
and works, and the receiver and conveyor may extend through said floor
so as to convey it into a room below, where it is afterwards treated or
packed. On the bed or base A' is supported a pan, basin, or other
suitable vessel C' for containing the material to be mixed or rubbed.
This pan C has a flange a' on its under side, which is supported and
moves in a circular recess b' in the bed, said recess being so made as to
contain a lubricating material for allowing the flange on the pan to run
freely therein and without undue friction. On the upper part of the
pan C¹ there is a flange c', on the under part of which is formed a cogged

page_text: shaft
On the
on a
On the
gear by which it is revolved. In the centre of the pan there is an
opening e', which is closed by a plug when material is being mixed or
rubbed in it, and which is withdrawn, as will be hereafter explained,
when the pan is to be emptied of its contents. On the bed or base A
there is secured a pillar block or bracket block D', which contains
bearings or supports for the gears and their shafts, as also for some of
the appliances hereafter to be mentioned. The main driving shaft f
has upon it a fast and loose pulley E, F, for holding the driving belt,
and through which it is driven or stopped, as the case may be.
there is a gear g', which meshes into and drives a gear
shaft and consequently the shaft, as its gear is fast on it.
inner end of the shaft there is a bevil gear j', which works in a
circular gear d' on the pan and revolves said pan. On the upper or
main driving shaft f there is a bevil pinion that works into and
turns the bevil gear G', which is secured to the upper end of a vertical
shaft. The lower end of said shaft l' carries a drip cup H' to the under
side of which are secured the stirrers or mixers m', m', m', which extend
down into the pan, the lower ends of these mixers being bent or turned,
as shown at n', and run close to the bottom of the pan. A scraper o' is
attached to the block D' and extends down into the pan, and in close
proximity to its inner perimeter, to scrape off the material that might
adhere thereto and bring it within the influence of the mixers m', which
rotate close to it. Through a vertical support p¹ on the end of the block
or gear frame D' there passes a screw rod q' that has a nut and hand
wheel working in connection with it so as to raise up or let it down,
and to the lower end of this screw rod q' is attached a hollow plug 1',
which closes or discloses the hole e' through the bottom of the pan, as
the case may be. The shafts f', ', l', q', of course require boxes or
bearings to move in, and must have such bearings oiled. The oil fron
the shaft, it being outside of and below the top of the pan, could not
drip and drop into the pan as could that from the other shafts f', l', q',
and to prevent this dripping or dropping of the oil, which if allowed to
drop into white lead so stains it as to injure its commercial value, I
arrange drip cups s', H', u', under these shafts that will catch and hold
all such drippings, and from which it may readily be taken. The plug I
is hollow, as before mentioned, and is furnished with openings at or
near its top, or above the line of the material that is being treated in
the pan, so as to allow ventilation from the receiver below the pan, which
I will now describe. The receiver J' is attached to and revolves with the

page_text: N', O',
pan C', and when the plug 1' is raised up the contents of the pan pass
into the receiver J', which should be of capacity enough to hold one or
more charges. The lower end of the receiver is of a funnel form, and
the section K' at its extreme end is removable so as to get at the
interior to cleanse it. The section K is connected to the receiver by a
screw bolt a passing through the lugs or flanges a', y', and by an open
hook and screw bolt 1, as seen in Figures 1 and 3, which admit of its
being easily freed and swung to one side without being actually taken
off. The lower end of the receiver is controlled by a valve 2, which can
be moved by a screw nut 3 working in a screw cut in the spindle L',
said nut being turned by a hand wheel 4 connected to the nut. By
turning the hand wheel the valve can be moved to open, close, or
regulate the outlet of the material from the receiver or stop it at
pleasure. The spindle L' is revolved by the spindle M', which turns
the runner of the pair of grinding, rubbing, or mixing "stones"
which stones," as they are termed, may be of any of the usual well-
known material used for such purpose. The spindle L' extends пр into
the receiver, and has upon its upper end a stirrer 5, which in revolving
with the spindle prevents the material from arching and clogging in the
receiver; and below this stirrer, or at the bottom of the receiver and
close to the valve, there is a forced screw or other feed 6, which forces
the material out of the receiver, whence it drops into the hopper P', and
by a somewhat similar screw feed 7 therein is forced into or through the
eye of the upper stone and introduced to the grinding surface between
the stones. By the ventilating holes in the plug I prevent a vacuum
from creating in the receiver, and also allow any vapors or gases to pass
off. As the stones may and do run independent of the revolving of the
pan the feeding will continue, not withstanding the pan and receiver may
stop for recharging the pan or discharging it. Of course when both the
receiver and the screw feed are revolving the feed will be greater than
when the feed alone is in motion, but the valve and its regulation are so
ready as to compensate at once for the change of the feed.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention
to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st. A pan or other suitable holding vessel revolving around its
support, and a series of rubbers or mixers in said pan or other vessel
revolving around their and a different central support, so that the

page_text: combined movements of the receptacle and of the rubbers or mixers
shall be in lines, substantially such as shown and represented and for
the purpose specified.
2ndly. In combination with the revolving pan or other vessel, and
rubbers or mixers, a scraper or guide for moving the material operated
upon out of the path of the rubbers or mixers when desired, sub-
stantially as described.
3rdly. In combination with the revolving pan or other vessel, and the
revolving rubbers or mixers, and guide or scraper, a discharge opening
for removing the substance from the pan by simply drawing the plug
and continuing the motion of the machine, substantially as described.
4thly. In combination with the revolving, pan a hollow or ventilating
plug 1', substantially as and for the purpose described.
5thly. In combination with a revolving pan a receiver attached to
or revolving with it, substantially as and for the purpose described.
6thly. In combination with the receiver the stirrer, forced feed, and
valve regulator for insuring and regulating the feed, whether the receiver
and feed are both in motion or only one of them, substantially as
described.
7thly. In combination with the receiver the detachable nozzle or
section K' for the purpose of gaining ready access to the interior for
cleansing or repairs, substantially as described.
Sthly. In combination with the shafts or bearings that require
lubrication and are over or within the pan the arrangement of the
drip cups to prevent any oil or drippings from falling into the material
that is being mixed, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Clark, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
ALEX". CLARK. (L.S.)