CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND PRINTING CALICOES AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MATTHEW
Bus, of Dalmonarch, near Bonhill by Dumbarton, North Britain, Calico
Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of June, in the fourth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, Iis heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Matthew Bush, IIis especial licence, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said Matthew Bush, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Matthew Bush, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING
AND PRINTING CALICOES AND OTHER FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, that I, the said Matthew Bush, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Matthew Bush, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, are fully described and ascertained in
manner following, reference being had to the eleven Sheets of Drawings here-
unto annexed, that is to say) :-
My improvements in machinery or apparatus for drying and printing calicoes
and other fabrics are applicable to various parts of the series of machinery or
apparatus used in the calico printing trade, videlicet, a part of them is applicable
to drying machinery; a part to printing in many colours at once with blocks;
another part to ordinary cylinder or surface machines or flat presses; a part to
flat presses alone; a part to the tearing of common sieve, such as are used for
ordinary block-printing tables; lastly, a part consists in an improved applica-
tion of a short repeating cylinder for printing the borders and fillings of shawls.
Having thus briefly enumerated the subjects of my improvements, I will now
proceed to define and describe them.
A part of my improvements is applicable to the machinery used for drying
pieces of calico or other fabrics, by winding them over steam rollers or cans, or
passing them over steam boxes after bleaching, or after any of those operations
in preparing goods for printing, or after grounding, in which they are wetted,
and by the effect of which they become distorted and contracted, and are
delivered into and conducted or through the drying machinery in a crooked state,
that is, of unequal widths at different parts on the length, and with the pattern or
the transverse threads in an oblique or sometimes a waving line across the
breadth of the piece. The consequence of the piece being thus dried in a dis-
torted state is loss of time to the printer, to whom the piece is afterwards
committed in stretching and adjusting the piece before he can print, and
frequently considerable inaccuracy in the hitting in of the patterns in their
proper places, particularly in the block printing, notwithstanding the endeavours
of the printer to straighten the piece. Now that part of my improvements
which relates to the machinery for drying calicoes or other fabrics, consists in
fastening the end of the piece of calico or other fabric that is to be passed
through a drying machine to a pin stick of a peculiar construction, in which
it can be fastened and held stretched out to the full width of the piece,
with the transverse or weft threads straight across, or at right angles to the longi-
tudinal or warp threads. The said pin stick is passed round or between a series
of preparatory rollers before taking the piece in between the steam cans or steam
boxes of the drying machine. By thus passing a considerable length of piece
over preparatory rollers, it becomes adjusted to a tolerable degree of straight-
ness, and repared to cater straight between the steam rollers, or to pass over

page_text: the steam boxes of a drying machine, and the pin stick is kept straight across
or at right angles to the length of the piece all the time that it is travelling
between the preparatory rollers and through the drying parts of the machine,
by means which I will herein-after more particularly describe, the piece being
at the same time kept strained to a given width while it is passing over the
steam cans or boxes.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheets I. and II., represent a cylinder drying machine, con-
structed according to my improvements. Figure 1, Sheet I., is an elevation;
and Figure 2, Sheet 2, a horizontal plan of the machine. A, A, A, A, are a
series of wooden drums, supported by framing affixed to the roof and flooring
of the shop in which the machine is placed. On the axis of each of the
drums A a cast-iron ring of semicircular teeth is fitted and fixed. At each
end of the said drums B, B, B, B, are four small rollers placed in front of the
machine, (see the plan, Sheet II.,) for the purpose of stretching the piece of
calico or other fabric before it is delivered in between the steam cylinders.
The pivots of the rollers B are supported in forks at the upper ends of
stems a, a, which are mounted in cylindrical sockets b, b, the feet of
which are screwed down upon a plate laid upon a frame or bracket 3, 3,
screwed fast to the main frame, see the elevation and plans, Sheets I. and II.
Slots are made in the feet of the sockets b, and others at right angles to the first
in the plate 2 on which they stand. The stretching rollers B can, by these means,
be moved nearer to or further from each other in the direction of either the
length or breadth of the machine, and by turning the stems a round in their
cylindrical sockets b, (like the tool rest of a common turning lathe), the
rollers B can be set more or less obliquely to the direction of the length of the
piece, and then set fast in the required positions by the clamp screws c.
The suckets bare moved in or out across the breadth of the piece by turning
the han:lles of the screws 4, 4, which pass through fixed sockets 5, and their
ends are put through slots in the upright plate 6 at the ends of the feet of tho
sockets; (see also Figure 3), which is a detached perspective view of one of
the rollers B, shewing how it is mounted and adjusted.
Note. The endwise adjustment of the rollers B is only for tightening
or slackening the bands that go round them.
An endless band d, studded with short sharp pius, encompasses each pair
of the stretching rollers B; and small interme.liate rollers e, e, are supported
in brackets growing out of the forked stems a, a, to bear up the endless
bands d into a curve, that the piece may bind better thereon than it would
if the bands went in a horizontal line from one roller B to the other.
Note. In the plan, the supports of the rollers B, and the small rollers e, are

page_text: only shown on one side of the machine, being omitted on the otlier to shew
better the feet of the sockets b; and the means of setting them in and out by
the screws 4; and to keep the bands d, d, out, small friction rollers 40, -10,
are applied, mounted in brackets 41, see the elevation, which catch against
stand up edges,, made on the said pin baíds d, d, and keep them from
being pulled toward each other by the strain on the piece.
Between the stretching rollers B and the first steain can or cylinder is an
intermediate roller C, which is for the purpose of receiving the piece of calico
from the stretching rollers and delivering it on to the steam cylinder E. The
steam cylinders E, F, G, aro made of cast iron, turned true on the outside, or
they may be of copper or tin. They are hollow withinside, their axles being
hollow to admit steam, in the manner usually practised in steam drying
machines; for this purpose they turn in stuffing boxes at the upper ends of
the pipes e, f, g, which are screwed fast to the main frame of the machinery,
and communicate, by means of necks or pipes h, i, k, with the steam pipe II,
and by other upright necks or pipes on the other side of the machine with
a pipe like II, which communicates with a waste pipe K to drain off the
condensed steam. The structure of the steam cylinders in all that relates to
the entry of hot steain, and the exit of condensed steam, and the mounting
of the cylinders in the machine, is the same as that in common use; and so
in respect to the mode of putting the machine in motion; it is the same as
is usual in drying machines made to dry by steam cans, videlicet:-Motion
is communicated from the steam engine or water wheel which turus the
machinery of the works in which such drying machine is put up, to the
rigger L on the axis of the pinion M, which takes into the teeth of a spur
wheel N on the axis of the first steam can or cylinder, and that motion is
communicated by other spur wheels O, P, of the same diameter, to the
cylinders F and G; a clutch box and clutch handle of the ordinary con-
struction are applied for throwing the driving pulley in and out of
they are not shown in the Drawing.
gear, but
Note. A small part only of the wheels N, O, P, is shown in Figure 1, as
the said wheels are supposed to be removed in that view, in order to shew the
parts which are between them and the steam cylinders.
The frame is wider than usual in proportion to the length of the steam
cylinders, in order to leave room between the ends of the cylinders and the
wheel-work N, O, P, for toothed wheels 7, 8, 9, 10, mounted on the axis of
the intermediate roller C, and on the axes of the three steam cylinders E, F, G
These wheels, as well as those already mentioned in respect to the preparatory
rollers A, are not intended to gear one with another, as they are not for the

page_text: purpose of transmitting motion from one cylinder to the other, but their office
is to carry forward in the hollow semicircular spaces between their teeth the
pin stick to which I have herein-before adverted. The steain cylinders are
therefore placed so that the circumferences of the outsides of the teeth of the
wheels 7, 8, 9, and 10, are as close together as may be conveniently without
actually touching. The pin stick is made of two separate bars or rulers of
iron 11, 12, see the detached Figures of the pin stick in Sheet II. In each
of those rulers short sharp pins are set in a small bed of wood let in for that
purpose, and holes are made in the opposite wooden bed of the other iron ruler
to receive those pins. The two halves of the compound pin stick can be
detached to fasten the end of a piece between them, which is done by laying
one of the rulers, videlicit, the ruler.12, on a table, with the pins or teeth
upwards; two girls then take the ends of the piece that is to be fastened to
the pin stick, and, laying hold each of one corner, pull it in the direction
of the weft threads of the piece, so as to strain the end as nearly as possible
with its weft threads straight across the warp threads, as they are when the
piece is woven in the loom; they then lay it down on the pins of the ruler on
the table, and press it on to them with a grooved ruler 15, made with a groove
just to fit over the pins, and then laying the other half of the compound pin
stick down on the teeth of that one on which they have hooked the end of the
piece of calico, they slip the ferils 13 over the joint between two rulers, and
bind the two together into one firm and inflexible bar. The ends of the pin
stick carry steel friction rollers 14, which rest in the semicircular cavities
between the teeth of the wheels on the preparatory rollers A, and of the
wheels 7, 8, 9, and 10.
Note. The pin stick is made of the oval form shown in the Figures Sheet II.
that it may take as little space as possible between the rims of the steam cans
in its passage in and out between them, and also rims or edges are made on
the friction rollers 14 to keep the pin stick from shifting endwise along the
cylinders.
The piece is stretched, by means of the four stretching rollers B, with the
required strain before entering between the steam rollers, as I will hereafter
further describe. That strain is kept up on the piece while it is passing on to
and remains in contact with the steam cylinders, by means of cylindrical covers
or caps 1, m, n, o, see the plan, which fit over the ends of the intermediate
roller C, and the steam cylinders E, F, G, and are studded all round with
short sharp pins, about one-eighth and a sixteenth of an inch long, on which
the piece catches: The caps or covers l, m, n, o, are fitted on over longi-
tudinal ribs or feathers on the several cylinders, but their collars.or

page_text: necks p, q, r, 8, see Figure 2, fit loosely on the axles of the said cylinders;
hence the said caps can be slided endwise upon the surfaces of the cylinders,
but will be carried round with them when they revolve. The caps 1, m, n, o,
may be made of thin brass and the pins riveted into them. They should be
very light that they may be slided backwards and forwards without effort.
The width to which the piece will be kept strained while going through the
machine will depend upon the distance apart of the pins of the cylindrical
caps l, m, n, o, which must, therefore, be pulled farther apart or set nearer
together always before passing goods through the machine whenever the strain
with which they are to be stretched is different from that given to the goods
before sent through the machine. This is done with each cap separately for
each cylinder by means of a pair of screws t, u, working through female
screws let into sockets that are cast on the wheels fixed on the axes of the
roller C and steam cylinders between two of the arms. On the side where the
driving wheelwork is placed, the said sockets are cast on the arms of the
wheels N, O, P, seo Figure 2, but on the other side they are cast on the armis
of the wheels 7, 8, 9, 10. The inner ends or heads of the screws t, u, are con-
nected to arms v, &, growing out of rings loosely encompassing the collars of
the cylindrical caps on the ends of the several cylinders; and on the collars of
the female screws through which the outer ends of the screw t, u, work, small
pinions a, y, aro fixed, which can be turned both at once, to the right or to the
left, by turning round a pinion, fitted loosely on the axle of each of the
cylinders, so as to draw the pins on the caps l, m, n, o, farther away from or
set them nearer to each other; see also Figure A, Sheet 11., which explains
more minutely the structure and operation of these parts.
Note. There should be several handles round each of the pinions, that
the attendaut may not have to put his hand down between the pinion and the
fiame.
Having now described the principal parts of the machine, I will proceed to
describe its action:-When wet goods are to be dried in it, before commencing
to pass them through, a piece of unbleached or damaged calico (or more than
one if one be not long enough) is first put through the machine in and out
Letween the several preparatory rollers and steam cans, its end being fastened
to one of the compound pin sticks, videlicit, it passes over the first preparatory
roller A, undor the second, and so on, to the guide roller 20, under which it
passes, to the pin bands d, d, of the stretching rollers B; thence under the
u'de roller 21, over the intermediate roller C, round the steam cans E, F, G,
and then up away round the guide roller 22, to the drag rollers 23, 24, tho
upper one of which is to be weighted, and the bottom one turned round as usual

page_text: by an endless band from a pulley on the axis of the pinion L; the speed of
the drag roller 24 being such as to cause it to take up calico as fast as it is
given out by the steam cylinders.
The piece thus passed through the machine is merely put in as a leader for
the wet piece that is afterwards attached to it, instead of the cord commonly
used. But by threading a piece of full width as a leader all through the
machine, the wet piece is led on with much less risk of getting crooked.
When the leading piece is fairly through the machine, one end hanging down
between the drag rollers and the other loose over the first roller A, two atten-
dants standing one at each side of the goods at the table 25, take hold of the
end of the leading piece and the end of the wet piece, and strain them both
together, pulling the two corners to get the ends of the pieces with the weft
threads as straight across the warp threads as possible. They then fasten
them into a compound pin stick 11, 12, in that strained and straight state in
the way herein-before described.
Note. A cavity is made in the table at a convenient place for the attendants
to lay the ruler 12 of the pin stick with its friction rollers in while fastening
the ends of the pieces.
The machine may then be started, the attendants taking care to lay the pin
stick, as soon as it is drawn up far enough, straight across the first preparatory
roller A, with the friction rollers 14 between the opposite pairs of teeth. The
piece is then drawn on between the preparatory rollers, following the track of
the leading piece, and being kept straight in its progress by the pin stick,
which, when it comes to a point where it would quit the teeth of one pair of
wheels A, is delivered into the cavities between the teeth of the next pair
of wheels A, and so on till it reaches the point 26, during which time it does
not quit the toothed wheels A, A, and is consequently kept by them all the
time parallel to their axes. At 26 the pin stick quits the last preparatory
roller A, and ceases to be guided for a time, but by this time a great length of
piece having been conducted straight through the preparatory rollers, the pin
stick may be left for a short distance unguided without much risk of getting
pulled out of a line straight across the piece. When the piece comes to the
endless pin bands d, d, that encompass the stretching rollers B, it begins to be
stretched to get it gradually out to the width which it is intended to be strained
o while being dried.
Note. Before beginning to work, the end pair of the rollers B should be
set at such a distance apart that the pins on the endless bands d, d, will just
catch into the selvedges of the piece in its wet and shrunk state, and the
econd or front pair of rollers B must be set so that the distance apart of the

page_text: pins of the endless bands d, d, shall correspond to the breadth to which it is
intended to keep the piece strained. Two attendants stand at this part of the
machine, one on each side of the piece, to watch it as it comes on to the
endless pin banils d, d, and lay hold of the selvedges, and put them on the
pins; taking care to keep them well on all along the obliquely set endless pin
bands d, d, see Figure 2, so that the piece may be delivered by the front pair
of stretching rollers B'to the intermediate roller C, stretched to the intended
width; when the pin stick comes out from under the guide roll 21, it must be
observed by the:ättendants whether it catches into a pair of opposite teeth on
the toothed wheels of the roller C, so as to be straight across, and if it does
not the machine must be stopped, and the pin stick carefully placed straight
across with its friction rollers in a pair of opposite teeth.
And, note if the draft on the piece appears too slack, the pin stick may be
pulled back a tooth or two of the wheels 7, to strain the piece lengthwise a
little more.
The pin stick once fairly lodged straight across in the teeth of the wheels 7,
is carried forward: by the teeth of the wheels 7, 8, 9, and 10, as it was carried
forward before by the teeth of the wheels of the preparatory rollers, until it
comes out at 27, whence it passes round the guide roller 22, and away between
the drag rollers 23 and 24, and is there taken out by the attendant, who
gathers up and folds the piece as it comes out in a dried state.
Note. The pin stick passes between the drag rollers, therefore they must
bo inade of such length and diameter as to let the pin stick and its friction
rollers clear them properly.
During all tlio time that the pin stick has been travelling over and in and
out between the steam cans or cylinders, carried by the teeth of their respec-
tive toothed wheels, the piece has been carried along by it in contact with the
hot surfaces of the steain cylinders, and its selvedges have been caught and
held by the pins on the cylindrical caps l, m, n, o, whereby they will have been
kept strained apart to the width to which it was intended to stretch the piece:
Note. In passing from one cylinder to the next, as, much of the piece as
the length of the tangent to their two circumferences is off the pins; if that
length were great there might be danger of that part contracting before it got
on to the pins of the next cylinder, and bence 1 make the pin stick of a
flattened shape, to pass between the cylinders with its narrow edge foremost,
wliereby they may be set so close together as to have but a short length of
picco uncaught by any pins. But it will not do to make the pin stick so slight
as to bend, as the primary aim of my improvements is to lead the piece through
the machine by an 'inflexible bar, in which, being once fastened straight, it

page_text: will never afterwards swerve from its straightness. The degree of strain with
which the piece is to be kept stretched in the direction of its width while being
dried is regulated; as herein-before mentioned, by turning the screws t, u, to
the right or left by means of the pinions x, y, z. This must be done of course
before setting the drying machine to work, and the attendant must be careful
in doing so that the cylindrical caps l, m, n, o, are all set to such a distance
apart that the pins on their several circumferences shall be all in a line, as
shewn in the plan, Figure 2, so ithat the piece shall not be strained more at
one part of its length than another, unless the piece is found to contract a
little where it leaves the pins of one cylinder and passes to the next, and then
the sliding covers of that next should be set a little nearer together, and the
next after it the same; taking care then to set the first pair of sliding covers
as much farther apart than the width at which the piece is intended to be
delivered to the drag rollers, as the piece is found by practice to contract_
between the cylinders. This will vary according to the kind of goods, and no
rule can be laid down. The diameters of the toothed wheels 7, 8, 9, and 10,
must be such that the pin stick will be carried forward by them at the same
rate as the surfaces of the steam cans move at, to prevent either wrinkling up
or dragging of the piece. And, note.-At the part between the guide roller 20.
and the intermediate roller C, where the pin stick is no longer guided by the
teeth of the rollers A, it is borne off the pins of the endless bands d, d, by a
couple of rails 28, 28, on which its friction rollers run. The piu stick is
clothed with blanket to prevent it from jamming upon and injuring the points
of the pins.
And note. Lastly, I must repeat that the great object of that part of my
improvements which relates to drying machines is to lead the piece that is to
be dried through the machine straight, that is, with its transverse or weft
threads straight across at right angles to its longitudinal or warp threads;
great care must therefore be taken in the first instance by the attendants who
fasten the end of the piece into the pin stick, to strain it quite straight across,
for if the end of the piece starts in a crooked state, the remainder of the piece,
will follow it in a crooked state, and vice versa; and it will be of but little use
to keep the pin stick itself straight, by the mode of carrying it through the
machine which I have described, unless the piece be first fastened into it.
straight; I will also observe that to save needless changing of the adjustment.
of the sliding caps l, m, n, o, the pieces should be sorted (by numbering those
of a given width, when they come from the weaver) so as to send a number
of pieces of the same width through the machine at one setting or adjusting,
thereof.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2, Sheet III., represent a drying machine constructed according
to my improvements, of that kind which is adapted to dry goods by means
of fixed steam boxes instead of revolving steam cans. A, A, A, A, is the
frame of the machine; B, B, B, are the steam boxes bolted down upon it by
their flanges; they are supplied with steam through pipes a, a, and have
other pipes at their opposite corners to drain off the condensed steam in the
usual manner; C, C, are two drums, the axis of one of them is turned round
in the direction of the arrow by the pinion 6 working into the spur wheel c
but the drums themselves turn loose on their axes. The two drums C, C, are
encompassed by endless bands d, d, which may be made of leather, or of horse
girth, or of strips of brass (such as is used for doctor blades in calico-printing
machines,) rivetted together; the said endless bands are studded with short
sharp pins to catch into the selvedges of the piece and keep it strained while
it is being drawn over the steam boxes B; and in order to produce and
regulate the strain on the piece a series of small friction rollers e are applied
at each side all along the machine, which bear against small strips or ledges of
leather or brass fastened on the endless bands d, d, see the end view, Figure 2.
The spindles of the friction rollers e are borne in standards screwed to the
frame, and handles are put on the screws at their ends to draw the friction
rollers e further out from the centre of the table, in order to strain the piece,
or to screw them further in to relieve the strain on the piece.
Note. The friction rollers e are shewn about two feet apart in the Drawing,
but may be placed nearer or further as convenience may dictate.
The piece that is to be dried in the machine is fastened into a pin stick,
which is formed, like that already described, of two rulers or bars of iron with
sharp pins let into each bar, and holes opposite thereto in the other bar; but
the bars are rather differently shaped to have a flat side, which is intended to
apply upon the steam boxes as the pin stick is drawn along, and the piece is
put in accordingly, see Figures 3 and 4, which are detached views of the pin
stick of the full size. The pin sticks that are to be used in this machine are
cranked or bent upwards at each end to clear the friction rollers e and their
spindles, as shewn in Figure 2; also the pin stick, instead of being carried
forward by toothed wheels, is attached to the links of a pair of pitch
chains g. 9. g, which encompass first a pair of toothed wheels 1 and 9 on the
axes of two preparatory rollers 30 and 38, being borne up between them by
guide rollers marked 2 to 8, thon the chain goes over other supporting rollers
10 to 14, and is conducted by rollers 15 to 20 over two toothed wheels 21, 22,
on the axes of the drums C, C, then over supporting and conducting rollers 23
1 to 28, and back to the toothed wheel 1.

page_text: Note. One or other of these rollers may be made adjustable for tightening
the chains. The spur wheel c, being turned round as aforesaid by the
inion b, will draw forward the pitch chains g, g, continually in the direction
of the arrows marked thereon, the teeth of the wheels 1 and 9, and 21 and 22,
entering successively into the hollows or cavities of the links of the chains, so
that they cannot slip, but must both go forward at the same rate and with
their links opposite to each other, so that a bar laid across from the centre
of a link of one of the chains to the centre of the opposite link of the other
chain will be straight across or at right angles to the length of the piece.
Out of the side of each link of each chain a small stud h projects, and
to these the pin stick is attached by laying it on a pair of them and putting a
cross pin through, as shewn in detached views, Figures 4 and 5. By this
means the pin stick can be fixed on readily at any part of the chains. The
piece that is to be dried is conducted over a series of preparatory rollers con-
centric with the rollers that draw forward and bear up the enlless chains g, g
and then over stretching rollers E, E, on to the first drum C, and over the
steam boxes, as I will herein-after more particularly describe. There are four
stretching rollers E, as I have described in reference to the cylinder drying
machine, Sheets 1. and II, and round each pair an endless pin band i, i, is
carried for the purpose of receiving the selvedges of the piece when it is
delivered from the preparatory rollers, in a wet and unstrained state, and guiding
it on to the endless pin bands d, d, stretched to such a width as it is intended
to be kept strained to while being dried. The four rollers E are for this
purpose mounted as I have described, in speaking of the stretching rollers
of the cylinder machine, each independent of the others, and with the sand
means of adjusting their position both as to obliquity and distance apart from
each other; but I have not shewn the whole of the parts in the Drawings; the
same having been once described, need not be repeated.
Note. There are friction rollers 1, 1, applied to the pin bands i, to keep
them from being pulled towards each other by the strain of the piece, sec
Figure 1, and several rows of pins are fixed into the roller 20 to catch into the
piece near its selvedges, and prevent it from contracting between the front
rollers E and the pin bands d, and there is a small supporting roller at m.
The several parts having been pointed out, it remains to explain the opera-
tion of drying a piece in this machinery. Suppose a piece or two to have been
carried through the machine as a leading piece, as directed in describing the
operation of the cylinder machine, leaving one end hanging down through
the drag rolls o, p, and the other hanging down in front of the leading pre-
paratory roller 30; two attendants standing by a table, on which the wet

page_text: goods are placed in front of the preparatory roller 30, take the end of a wet
piece and the end of the leading piece, and pulling them straight, as I have
described in reference to the cylinder machine, they fasten them into one of
the pin sticks 1, and then slip the feriles d, over the two ends to keep the two
bars a, b, together, see the detached Figures 3 and 4. They then take hold
of the pin stick, and laying it straight across the piece with its ends on two of
the studs h, drive in the small holding pins o or f. The machine may then be
started; as the spur wheel c revolves, it will turn the wheel 22, as before stated,
and draw forward the endless chains g, g, and with them the pin stick I. and
the piece attached thereto, the drag roller p being at the same time turned
round by a band from the rigger 23, passing round a pulley on the axis of the
drag roller, of suitable diameter to cause the drag roller to be turned at a rate
corresponding to the rate at which the pin stick advances, so as to take up the
piece as fast as it is given out from off the steam boxes B. The piece of calico
led by the pin stick 1., goes first over the series of preparatory rollers 30 to 45,
a great length of goods becomes thus straightened before the piece goes on to
the steam boxes B; when the pin stick and piece come as far as the front of
the stretching rollers E, E, two attendants lay hold of the selvedges as fast as
the piece advances, and fasten them upon the pins of the endless pin bands i, i.
The rollers E having been previously set with the first pair at such a distance
apart as is suitable to the width of the piece in its wet and unstrained state,
and the second pair of rollers E to a distance apart corresponding to the width
to which it is intended to keep the piece strained; and the friction rollers e, e,
must be set by their regulating handles to draw the endless pin bands d so far
apart that the distance apart of their pins shall be equal all along the table to
the breadth to which it is intended to keep the piece strained while being dried.
The attendants must take care that the selvedges are fairly caught by the pins
of the endless pin bands i, i, so as to be gradually stretched out as the piece
progresses along the said pin bands, and be delivered on to the endless pin
bands on the top of the drum C, stretched to the full intended width, so as to
catch in that state on the pins of those pin bands. The piece is thence drawn
forward by the progressive motion of the endless chains (g), over the steam
boxes B; the drums C, C, which, as before stated, run loose on their spindles;
being turned round by the motion of the piece, and carrying their endless pin
bands d forwards at a rate suitable to the rate at which the piece advances.
Between each pair of steam boxes the pin stick and piece of cloth are
drawn under a small roller 46, which is for the purpose of causing the piece
to bind more closely on the steam boxes. and take up their heat more
completely. The brackets that support those rollers 46.are cranked over the

page_text: endless chains g, and the bent ends of the pin sticks, see Figure 2, to allow
the middle art of the pin stick to pass under the rollers 46, and the vertical
part of the bent ends of the pin sticks to pass by the spindles of the said
rollers 46 beyond their ends.
And note. The rollers 46 must be clothed with a blanket, and so must the
pin stick at the part that holds the piece, to allow its passing between the
rollers 46 and the pins of the endless pin bands d, without jamming upon and
blunting them.
When the piece has been drawn forward beyond the last steam box B, it
passes under the roller 47 and away up between the drag rollers o, p, which
are supported one from above and the other from below, as shewn by the
Drawing, to allow the bent pin stick I to pass by their ends. The pin stick,
after having come through the drag rolls o, p, is taken out by the attendant,
and the piece folded as comes through the drag rolls in the usual way.
Note. Only the rollers over which the pitch chains g. 9, pass are fixed upon'
their axes, and all those over which the piece passes run loose upon the same
axes, because the rollers that carry the chains are not of the same diameters as
those which carry the piece, and hence their circumferences would move at
different rates if both were turned round by the motion of their axes, and made
the same number of turns in a given time.
A machine thus constructed has, in one respect, an advantage over the
cylinder machine, Sheets I. and II.; videlicit, as the piece never quits the pin
bands d, from the moment it takes on to them till it comes out at 47, a greater
strain I may be kept on the piece than in the cylinder machine before described,
where the pins are on cylindrical caps, and the piece quits one before it takes
on to the next. I have exhibited the steam boxes B, arranged on a straight
line, a little inclined, in order to drain off the condensed steam; but they
might also be arranged in the form of a portion of a polygon inscribed in a circle
of large diameter, as I have represented the preparatory rollers arranged in
this machine, and as represented in Fig. 6. By adopting this form the piece
may be found to bind better on the surfaces of the steam boxes and take up
their heat more completely, and the rollers 46 may be dispensed with.
I have not thought it necessary to give a detailed Drawing of a drying
machine arranged in this form, as it would differ from the machine,
Figures 1 and 2, only in the several parts being arranged to suit the curved
form of the table.
Another part of my improvements relates to block printing, and consists in
certain improved modes of constructing apparatus for furnishing a block with
several colors at once, so as to print therewith in several colors by one impres-
:

page_text: sion of the said block.
In order to explain clearly wherein my improvements
consist, I will first describe the method commonly used for thus furnishing a
block with several colors at once, by what is called in Lancashire a "toby
tub," and which is delineated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the Sheet IIII. of the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
The method thus practised may be stated generally to consist in dividing a
sieve on which the block is to be dipped to furnish it with color into several
compartments, and in connecting it with a reservoir, also divided into several
compartments, each of which contains one color; from which reservoir each
compartment of the seive is supplied independently of the others through a
separate channel communicating between it and some one of the compart-
ments of the color reservoir. Each compartment of the sieve matches to some
one or more of the projections on the face of the block; for instance, the
compartments of the sieve which match to the projections of the block carved
with the pattern intended to be yellow on the piece, are supplied constantly
with yellow from the reservoir, and the compartments which match to the
projections on the face of the block intended to print figures in red are supplied
constantly with red from the reservoir, and so on, so that when the different
compartments of the reservoir are filled with the different colors they are all
communicated at the same time to the siove, and when the block is dipped on
the sieve to furnish it with color, it will take up several colors at once on
different parts of its surface, and will consequently print as many colors at once
on the piece as there are separate.colors supplied to the sieve.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, Sheet III., I have represented the construction of the
Lancashire toby tub for furnishing a block with several colours at once. 13 is
the sieve trough, formed out of a piece of wood 1 by carving or cutting out
therein with a chisel and gouge a number of compartments corresponding to
the projections on the block that are to be colored, a sufficient substance being
left standing up in relief between the compartments, to fasten down upon them
afterwards a piece of pencil blue sieve, which is stretched over them all, and its
edges are nailed down upon the wood. After the sieve cloth has been stretched
over the divisions, and nailed down as aforesaid, a safe-guard rail i, i, mado of
strips of lead, is pinned down upon the said divisions, to keep the color from
flowing from one compartment into another, a little wax being put between
the safe-guard rail and tho sieve cloth. The compartments are sometimes
kept separate by a safe-guard rail, made of waxed string, pinned down; or
sometimes a wooden safe-guard rail is used. The color cisterns are formed
by cutting in the same piece of wood 1, at a, b, c, d, e, see the plan. The com-
munication between them and the compartments of the sieve trough which they

page_text: are to supply is made by boring holes down through each cistern to meet a chan-
nel cut out in a piece of wood placed beneath the piece 1, that is to say, there
are five pieces of wood placed beneath the piece 1, numbered 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6. In each, a channel is cut out, which communicates at one end with a
vertical hole that is bored down from one of the cisterns a, b, c, d, or e, and at
the other end holes are bored down from all the compartments of the sieve
trough, that are to be supplied with color from such channel to meet it. This
will be better understood by reference to the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2. The
section is taken through the cistern a and through some of the compartments,
to shew how it communicates therewith; f is the vertical hole, bored down to
meet the channel p, which communicates with the compartments marked by
the vertical holes q, g, h, i, k, are the holes bored down from the cisterns b, c, d, e,
to meet their respective channels o, m, n, l. 8, s, are the vertical holes which
communicate between certain other compartments t and the channel m cut out
in the piece of wood 3, and belonging to the green cistern, and so on for the
others.
And note. The pattern must always be so arranged that the holes that
communicate from one set of compartments of the sieve trough to the particular
channel that brings color to them shall fall clear of the other channels in the
other pieces of wood above or below it. This is explained more clearly in
Figure 3, which is a detached view of the piece of wood 2 with the channel,
to contain orange.
Now all the vertical holes that go down from compartments intended to be
supplied with orange fall over that channel 1, and all the vertical holes that
communicate between any of the other cisterns d, c, b, or a, fall clear outside
of the channel l, and the same rule is observed in respect to the other channels,
and the vertical holes that communicate between them and compartments of
the sieve trough. In order to prevent color leaking by from any of the
channels l, m, n, o, p, and getting between the pieces of wood into vertical
holes that do not belong to it, the pieces are screwed up very hard together
by screw bolts going through them all. The colour cisterns are sometimes
supplied from a reservoir D, containing the celor in separate troughs, whence it
is suffered to drip into the cisterns a, b, c, d, e, to keep the colour therein to such
a level as will cause the surface of the sieve to be covered with a thin film of
color, and to maintain that level waste pipes of metal easily bent are laid on
to each cistern, see Figure 2, the mouths of which are adjusted by trial to
drain off the color, whenever it rises in any cistern too high, into a waste
trough divided into five compartments. But more usually the cisterns are
supplied by inverted bottles fixed over them and containing the several colors,.

page_text: and placed with their mouths just touching the surface of the color in the
cisterns, so that when the color subsides in the said cisterns a little air can get
into the bottle and a little color out. The mode of using the toby tub I need
not describe. Now the toby tub has certain defects which arise from its
construction, videlicit:-The modes adopted of dividing the compartments of
the sieve trough one from the other are imperfect, and do not admit of close
patterns without some danger of the colors getting mixed in the sieve trough
after the apparatus has been worked some time. And the mode of supplying
the color cisterns by inverted bottles is also defective, inasmuch as the said
bottles will sometimes not act until the color has subsided too low, and then
they act suddenly, whence there is a fluctuation of level on the sieve, which,
though trifling, is sufficient to impair the furnishing of the block, causing it
sometimes to get too much, and sometimes too little color; so that the toby
tub does not in general practice answer for any but coarse and common work.
Lastly, the compartments of the sieve trough being cut out of or otherwise
formed in wood, if ten, or twenty, or more blocks are to be used with precisely
the same pattern, the same cutting must be repeated ten, twenty, or more
times, which is expensive and inconvenient. Now these defects I have found
out to remedy by constructing the apparatus, as I will describe.
Figure 4 is a plan of the apparatus constructed according to my improve-
ments; Figure 5, a section of the same; Figures 6 to 9 are detached views of
particular parts. The apparatus delineated in the Figures is intended to work
to furnish a block with five colors at once, which are marked in the Drawing
in Figure 4. A is the color trough; it is a large wodden tray divided into five
compartments or cisterns, each of which is to be kept filled with some parti-
cular color; B is the sieve trough, which is to receive color from the color
trough A, and furnish the block; it is a metal tray, fixed down over an opening
in a wooden bed E, E, its edges being screwed to the margins thereof; it is
divided into compartments b, see Figure 4, corresponding to the different
patterns or figures carved in relief on the face of the block. They are colored
in the Drawing, Figure 4, with the color that cach is intended to furnish to its
corresponding projection on the block. Each of the compartments b, b, com-
municates by a pipe with one of the channels or cisterns a of the color trough.
There are therefore as many pipes of communication as compartments b,
although many of those pipes are intended to carry the same color. The colors
that aro to furnish the block are poured into five cisterns a, whence they flow
up through the pipes of communication 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, into the compart-
ments of the color tray or sieve trough. When the apparatus is going to be
set to work, the five cisterns a are filled until the color stands in them at such

page_text: b
a level as to rise up in the compartments 6 just through the sieve, so that
its surface in each compartment is just furnished with a thin film of color
without being over-charged. To fill or charge the cisterns properly is matter
of discretion in the printer, but a very little attention and practise will
enable him to ascertain when the sieve is sufficiently. furnished with color,
and when therefore be must cease pouring colors into his cisterns a. And
the cisterns a, a, are made very large, for I find that the regularity of the
supply of color to the sieve is much better maintained by making the surface
or area of the color in the cisterns very large, as compared with that of the
color in the compartments b, b, which they supply, than by using inverted
bottles or such modes of supply as I have alluded to in speaking of the toby
tub, for when the cisterns are made as shewn in the Drawing, Figure 4, the
level of the color in the cisterns is so little sunk by the abstraction of color
from the sieve in printing as to allow of the printers working a considerablo
time without any failing of color, in furnishing his block; but to give notice
when the color cisterns should be replenished; I apply over tliem a bar of
wood r, through which screws work, on the lower ends of which are buttons t
which are first carefully set to touch exactly the surface of the' colours in the
several cisterns when they are at the riglit level, and it is the business of a boy
or girl to watch constantly several of the sieve tubs, and to observe whenever
the buttons t do not touch the surface of the color in the cisterns a, and to
pour in a little color whenever that is observed to be the case in any one
of the cisterns: By this means the cisterns are kept always rightly filled
without the printer being taken off his work. The following is the mode which
I have adopted, after much experiment, for making the sieve trough B:-I
first cast the metal tray or sieve trough B, with its compartments, in a mould
made of white pine. The moulds are burned out of the wood, endwise of
the grain. The casting is made with a thick bottom D, with as many holes
through it as there are to be pipes of communication (that is, a hole through
the bottom of every compartment b. The metal of the sieve trough is
composed of equal parts of lead, tin, and bismuth, which compound metal is
sufficiently hard to make a clear and sharp casting, and is at the same
time, soft enough to admit of driving pins into it, and cutting it in'sub-
sequent' parts of the making and fitting up of the said sieve troughs; I
next take the casting, and after making its face true, I saw off a piece'i, i,
from the upper part, about one-fourth of an inch or thereabouts.deep, sec
Figures 6, 7, and 8, which are detached sections, first of the casting, before
the piece is sawed off from it; secondly, of the mould in which the sieve
trough is cast; and, thirdly, of the piece that is sawed off. The piece i, i,

page_text: I will call the safe-guard rail, as it is afterwards put back over the exact
place from which it was cut off to make the divisions or distinct compart-
ments of the surface of the. sieve; I next fix the pipes of communication,
which, being first bent to a suitable form, as shewn by the Drawing, to clear
each other, one end of each is put into one of the holes in the bottom D) of
the sieve trougb, and the workman takes a half-round blunt-pointed cold
chisel, and with a few blows of a hammer, burrs up the metal of the bottom D
around the pipe, until it is set tight in the hole; this method of fixing the
pipe I have found better than soldering. The other ends of the pipes are
put up through holes in the bottom of the color cistern a, and some wax
is poured round them to seal up the joints and prevent leakage. The pipes
are pieces of common gas pipe, such as is used for convoying gas to the
burners of gas lamps in shops. I next take the piece i, i, that was sawed off
from the sieve trough, and after making its under surface true, I punch a row
of very small pin holes through it all round, through which it is to be pinned
down upon the divisions of the sieve trough of which it formed a part. In
punching those holes, I use a punch with a blunt or square end, a little larger
at the end than any where else, and I punch the holes from the under
side, (or that side of the piece i, i, which is to fit upon the divisions of the seive
trough,) in order to ensure that the pin holes of the piece i, i, shall fall true
over the centre of the divisions of the sieve trough. These minute precautions
I have found necessary, on account of the extreme thinness of the divisions.
I then mark on the edges of the divisions of the sieve trough the places where
the corner pin holes of the safe-guard rail are to come; and I take a piece of
pencil blue sieve, such as is used for the toby tub, and I strain it over the
sievo trough and nail its edges down on the wooden bod, having first smeared
some wax over the edges of the compartments of the sieve trough. By
running a hot iron over the surface of the sieve (a piece of coarse paper
or blanket being interposed to prevent burning it), the wax comes up through
the sieve and indicates the place of the edges of the compartments. The safe-
guard rail is then put on carefully to fit upon the divisions of the sieve trough.
and pins are driven through the holes to pin it down fast upon the sieve trough.
Note. A little soft wax is put under the safe-guard rail. A division is
thus made between the compartments above the sieve, see Figure 5,
which very effectually prevents the color flowing from one compartment into
the next. The safe-guard rail being all in a piece, no color can get by it
if it be well fastened down; and being cast with, and afterwards cut off of the
sievo trough itself, it must match thereto.. Also, by using metal pipes to
communicate between the compartments of the cast sieve trough and

page_text: the color cisterns, all possibility of the colors getting mixed in their passage
from the cisterns to the compartments is cut off, a risk to which the toby tub
is liable, if the pieces of wood are not screwed up very hard, or if the wood
should happen to be porous. To prevent which risk in the toby tub, the
patterns are obliged to bo selected so that the vertical holes going down
through the several pieces of wood do not fall very close together. But when
the communication is made as shewn in Figure 5, the pipes being close
together, is not attended with any danger of the color mixing; and hence, the
printer has much greater latitude in the choice of his patterns.
The manner of using the above-described apparatus to print is the same as
that of using a Lancashire toby tub; my improvement relating, as appears by.
the description, solely to the mode of constructing the apparatus, viz., I cast
the sieve trough instead of cutting it out of wood, & I make the safe-guard rail:
of an unbroken piece cut off such casting (whereby its accurate matching is.
ensured); I use detached metal pipes of communication instead of channels or
passages cut out of wood; and I use large-surfaced color cisterns to keep a.
regular supply to the sieves, instead of reservoirs or inverted bottles, or any of
those contrivances which have been hitherto used for allowing color to drip at
short intervals into the color cisterns.
The printer in dipping his block on the sieve places it with the guide pieces
m, n, home to stops o, p, standing up from the wooden bed by the side of the
sieve trough, see Figures 4, 5, and 9, and then the block is sure to match
exactly to the compartments of the sieve trough. The printer dips once or
twice and gives his impression with a blow or two of his hand in the usual
way.
And note. I have described the foregoing apparatus to five colors con-
structed according to my improvements, but it will be plain that it may be
made for more or less.
Figure 10 is a horizontal plan of a sieve trough and colour trough constructed
in the improved way that I bave described, intended to be used for furnishing
with several colors a long block, such as is used for putting in groundings on.
a flat press, in which a press impression has been just given by a copper plate..
Note. These machines in their simplest form are described in the Speci-
fication of a. Patent granted to me in the year One thousand eight hundred
and thirteen; and also in an improved form in the Specification of a Patent
granted to me in the year One thousand eight hundred and thirty, which
Specification was duly inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery on
er about the Twenty-fourth day of November, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty, and in the sequel of this Specification they will be also described.

page_text: I need not, therefore, enter into any description of the mode of putting in
groundings with long blocks in such machines. It is sufficient to say, that a
sieve tub, Figure 10, will be used. by one of the grounding boys to furnish
bis block with three colors, or as many more as it is found convenient to
make the sieve tub for, instead. of the usual sieve tub wherewith he furnishes
it with one only.
And note. The siove trough should be cast in several pieces, as representeil:
by the lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Figure 10, which will afterwards be joined together.
by running a little solder over the joint.
The foregoing improved apparatus is well adapted for patterns printed in
colors on dark grounds or patterns in which the figures are not very fine and.
have not sharp corners, that is, it is adapted to do the same kind of patterns
that aro done by the toby tub, only finer of their kind and better executed;
but it is not adapted to furnish blocks for printing very fine patterns, especially
such as are usually drawn for spring patterns, consisting of delicato sprigs on a
light ground, because, in order to ensure a sufficient supply to. the block the
color must stand high enough to cover the surface of the sieve cloth, and that
furnished with too great a fullness of color for very fine patterns. Also, it is.
not adapted for printing with fast blues and fast greens, and many other colors
which, contain, as is well known to calico printers, a thick sediment, which,
unless the color be continually agitated, subsides and sinks to the bottom
leaving the fluid nearly colourless.
Now my improvements, as relates to block printing, consist further in the
construction of an apparatus adapted to attain these objects. It is repre
sented in Figures 1, 2, & 3. Sheet V. Such parts as are like those already
described in reference to Figures 4 and 5, Sheet IV., I shall pass over lightly.
A is the color cistern, divided in this apparatus into four compartments,
videlicit, yellow, orange, fast bluo, and fast green; B is a colour trough, which
will call for distinction the furnishing trough.
It is divided into as many
compartiments or little cells b; b, as there are to be different colored sprigs or
figures in the pattern. These cells are supplied witli color from the four
compartments of the color cistern A by pipes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; but in every
pipe that belongs to one of the fast blue or fast green cisterns is a spiral wire.
see Figure 2; laid through the said pipo. One end is fastened to a board e
läid over the cisterns from which the pipe is laid; the other end comes right
up to the mouth of the pipe into the cell b, see Figure 2. A piece of wood f
is screwed on to the two boards at each end, see Figures 1 and 2, and
weights are laid on them to press the boards e-down. Four hooks are
serewed into the board f, by which they are suspended by four cords, sec

page_text: Figures 1 and 2, to one end of a lever i, mounted on a fixed centre pin at -j,
the other end of that lever being fastened by a cord to a treadle, not shewn
in the Drawing. Whenever the treadle is depressed it pulls down the outer
end of the lever i, and raises the one from which the board f and c are
suspended, and thus all the spiral wires are pulled up a little in the communi-
cation pipes that are filled with fast blues and fast greens, and when the
treadle is released the weights g operate to press the boards down again, and
push the wires back in their pipes, whereby the colors contained therein are
stirred or agitated, and the sediment is mixed up with the fluid.
Note. Instead of spiral wires fiue chains may be used, or plain brass wires
may be used with bristles coiled round them, the object being merely to
agitate the fluid whenever the treadle is depressed; but spiral wires are easily
made of thin brass wire, and answer the purpose very well.
C is a sieve trough, cast with cells corresponding in number and position to
the cells 6 of the furnishing trough. The trough C is cast in a piece, with a
very thin bottom, which is afterwards cut away between the cells, leaving
therefore a number of detached little cells or boxes without tops, see Figures
4 and 5, which shew the sieve trough as it is when just cast, and one of the
cells detached. The cells are laid on a common sieve cloth, which is strained
under a frame, see D, Figures 1, 2, and 3, and they are fastened down on that
sieve cloth by wax and pins driven through their bottoms, after which they
are filled with pieces of felt laid one over the other, to form a sieve in each
separate cell. The surfaces of all the sieves should be on a level, and
pummiced to true and smooth faces. The sieve cloth D is laid on an oil-skin
case E, and that is laid on gum swimmings in a tub F. There is no difference
between the sieve cloth D, the oil-skin case E, and the tub F, and a common
sieve tub, except in the shape. The object of thus laying the cells and sieves?
on a common sieve is to get a good spring on the said sieves. By the sides of
the sieve are a couple of horizontal racks h, which are supported by small
brackets i, i, screwed to the sides of the tub F. They are for the purpose of
guiding a roller I, the surface of which is cut out, leaving projections matching
to the cells C, so that when the said roller is run backwards and forwards over
those cells, the same projections will always match to and go over the same
cells. The roller I has two cog wheels t fixed on its axis, which take into the
guiding racks h, and prevent it from swerving to the right or to the left when
run over the sieves 1. The roller should be borne up by the racks h, and its
pressure on the surface of the sieves will be regulated, as I will hereafter
mention.
Instead of layers of felt for the sieves, as I have described, I use also caout-

page_text: chone, vidclicit, either layers of sheot caoutchouc and felt alternately, or else
a piece of thick sheet caoutchouc, which I stick down in the cells with caout-
chouc varnish, and stick a piece of felt on the top of it with caoutchouc
varnish, to take the color; this has a bettor spring than felt sieves.
Now the mode of using this apparatus is as follows:-The color cisterns A
nre kept supplied by a tearing boy, whose business will be to assist the printer.
He has a furnishing block L, the face of which is studded with pins in clusters,
matching to the cells b, b, see the plan of the under side of the furnishing
block L, Figure 6 and 2. Ile first takes the furnishing block and dips it
down on the furnishing trough B, its pins entering into and taking up color
from the cells b.
And note. The pins should be long enough to go quite down to the bottoms
of the cells to prevent settling of the fast blues and greens.
He then puts the furnishing block down upon the sieve trough C, whereby
a few drops of color are supplied to the several sieves 1. As soon as this is
done he lays hold of the handle of the roller I, and runs it backwards and
forwards once or twice over the sieve trough. This spreads out and evens the
colors upon the sieves, squeezing off any superfluous quantity with which they
may have been furnished (which falls down on the sieve cloth between the
cells C, and leaving them covered only with a thin and delicate coating of
color. The printer then dips his printing block on the sieves, and furnishes it.
and gives the impression in the usual way. Every now and then the tearing
boy must put down the treadle to agitate the fast blues and fast greens, as
aforesaid. More or less color will be sqeezed off the sieves in tearing them,
according to the pressure exerted upon them by the roller. That may be varied
and regulated by interposing thin pieces of iron plate between the brackets i and
the sides of the tub F, and it must be matter of discretion and trial in fitting
up the apparatus for different patterns to relieve the sieve of more or less of the
weight of the roller by raising or lowering the racks h, as one pattern may
require more color to be squeezed off the sieves than another. In order to cut
out the roller correctly, it is first turned plain, and then being mounted in its
cog wheels, it is run backwards and forwards a few times over the sieve trough,
'colors being put on the sieves, to make an impression on the surface of the
roller; the proper places for the projections are thus marked.
The surface of the roller is cut out between them, and the projections are
then cut out into little cells, into which feet or sieve cloth is put, and they
then will match properly to the sieves to tear them. The communication
pipes are fixed into the cisterns A and into the furnishing trough B, as I have
described in speaking of Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 4; and tho metal used for

page_text: casting the furnishing and siove troughs is also a compound such as therein
described, videlicit, tin, lead, and bismuth in equal parts. In making the
wooden cisterns A, in which the fast blues and greens are, the holes for the
communication pipes are disposed all along the cistern, and a cavity or diamond-
shaped hole is gouged out round the mouth of every communication pipe, so as
to induce the sediment of the color to settle down into those holes, and then
whenever the spiral wires are lifted, the sediment is stirred up and mixed again
with the fluid. Without this provision, videlicit, if the bottons of the cisterns
were left flat, the sediment would settle in all parts of the cisterns and not get
agitated, and the same observation will apply when any other colors that settle
are used. The racks h are made longer than is absolutely requisite for the
roller to run over the sieve trough. This is that it may always be run out a
little beyond the end of the sieves 1, and every time to a different point. By
this means accumulation of color on the edges of particular projections of the
roller are prevented, which would take place if it were always run out and
allowed to stand at the same place; but by running it out, as I direct, every
time to a different one, the projection that is vertical at one time will be
oblique another, and horizontal another, and thus the color will not be able, as
aforesaid, to accumulate on particular edges of particular projections. This is
important to attend to, for if such accumulation be permitted, blotchy parts
will be produced on the goods. Instead of the sieve trough being made as
herein-before described, it may be made just like one of the sieve troughs of
the apparatus, Figures 4 and 5, videlicit, it may be a cast trough, with a
thick bottom divided into compartments, from which a safe-guard rail will be
cut off, and then a pencil blue sieve stretched over the compartments, and the
safe-guard rail pinned down upon them; but instead of bent pipes of communi-
cation to bring color to the compartments, short vertical pipes may be fixed
into them, to drain off the superfluous color that may be laid on the sieves.
This sieve trough is shewn in Figure 8, which may be supposed attached to
the furnishing part of the apparatus, Figure 2, instead of the sieve trough
hitherto described. It will be furnished by means of the pin block L, just as
the other would be, and afterwards teared by a roller I, carved with projections
matching to its compartments, only care must be taken that the said projec-
tions are smaller, than the compartments they are to fit into in running over
the sieve trough, that their edges may not jam against the edges of the com-
partments. The tearing roller will be provided with cog wheels also running
in horizontal racks fixed to the bed of the sieve trough, see Figure 8, which
needs no further explanation. In tearing, the superfluous color is squeezed
down through the sieves, and drops through the drain pipes into the waste

page_text: reservoir. An apparatus constructed with a sieve trough of this kind will do
finer work than the apparatus, Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 4, but not such fine
work as the apparatus herein-before described in reference to Sheet 5, with
sieves laid on an oil-skin case, floating on gum swimings.
And note. Instead of a tearing roller, a tearing block, the face of which is an
are of a circle of large radius, like the rockers of a rocking chair, see Figure 9,
may be used, its face carved with projections matching to the sieves, and its
sides being furnished with toothed segments, to work into racks h, to keep it
straight and always in the same position. It will be rocked backwards and
forwards by a handle.
Another part of my improvements is applicablo to cylinder and surface
machines, and flat presses of the ordinary construction for printing garments,
and consists in the application thereto of certain machinery or apparatus for
the purpose of stretching the piece across its breadth, with discretion before it
enters between the first printing cylinder or surface roller and top roll of a
cylinder or surface machine, or between the dee roll and top roll of a flat
press, so as to cause it to enter to receive its impression, with certain parts
adjusted correctly to match to indicators set in relation to particular engraved
parts of the printing cylinder or roller, or flat plate, whereby such machines
as aforesaid may be rendered capable of printing longitudinal stripes or succes-
sions of figures that are to bit in in rows between other patterns already printed
thereon in rows, or to hit in longitudinal rows of figures between the raised
stripes of striped muslins. This cannot be done correctly at present in cylinder
or surface machines, or flat presses, because a piece brought to them to be
printed with longitudinal fillings is found almost always to enter the machine
to receive its impressions at different widths on different parts of its length, and
hence, hardly any part of the said piece would pass through the machine at
the exact width which would cause it to be printed with the longitudinal
fillings in their right places between the longitudinal lines of previously printed
patterns, so that when the piece was printed it would be found that in some
parts the stripes or longitudinal fillings would be too near one or other of
the previously printed longitudinal patterns, and would present the appearance
of crooked or waving lines, instead of what they ought to be, rows of figures
in straight lines, running lengthwise of the piece between and parallel to
the other previously printed straight lines or rows of patterns. For these
reasons in practice it is usual to put in such stripes or longitudinal fillings with
blocks.
Now my improvement consists in applying behind the breast roller of a
cylinder or surface machine, or of a flat press, an apparatus composed of a

page_text: pair of guide frames, one on each side of the machine, encompassed by two
endless bands, studded with short sharp pins for the purpose of entering into
the selvedges of the piece, which is led along those pin bands from the white or
piece roller to the breast roller, and is kept stretched by them to the width.at
which their pins are kept apart. The pin bands are held to the guide frames
by small friction rollers (such as I have described in speaking of my improve-
ments on drying machines,) and are made moveable therewith, the stems of the
friction rollers being screwed fast upon the guide frames; and the guide
frames are made so that they can be pulled further apart from each other, or
set nearer to each other at either end; the end which is moved moving about
the opposite end as a centre of motion. The object of making the guide
frames thus moveable at both ends is, first, that at the end of the apparatus
furthest from the breast roll, and where the piece first comes on to it, the pin
bands may be set at a proper distance apart to catch into the selvedges of the
piece before beginning to print; and, therefore, for every different width of
goods a different adjustment of that end of the apparatus will be required;
which will be required to be made always before beginning to print a piece, but
will not have to be altered during the printing of such piece; and the object of
making the guide frames moveable at the other end, or that nearest to the
breast roll, is that they may be under the command of attendants, whose
business is to select and watch some particular line or series of objects
along the length of the piece as it advances, and to take care that at the
part where it quits the guide frames to take on to the breast roller, it shall
advance with the said lines or series of objects exactly matching to certain
fixed indicators, which are previously set, so that when the said lines or series
of objects do match to them, the piece is going into the press with the parts
intended for the longitudinal filling matching in width to the engravings on
the cylinder, or surface roll, or plate of the machine. And this adjustment of
the piece as it is delivered on to the breast roll is required to be perpetually
varied, because the slightest contraction or distortion of the piece would cause
a misplacing of the longitudinal fillings thereon. For the moro complete
explanation of this part of my improvements, I have annexed hereto a sixth
Sheet of Drawings, whereon Figures 1, 2, and 3, are a side view, an end view,
and a plan of an apparatus to be placed, as aforesaid, behind the breast roll
of a cylinder or surface machine, or of a flat press. In the Drawings I have
supposed it applied to a four-color cylinder machine. A is the breast roller;
D is the first printing cylinder; C, the top roll; D is a part of the frame of
the machine, to shew the position of the guiding apparatus in respect to it;
E is the blanket frame, supported by the frame of the machine and from the

page_text: t
roof of the shop, in the usual way. I have not shewn any of the rollers for
carrying the blankets, nor the piece frame, in order that the parts composing
my guiding apparatus may be more distinctly seen; and all the additional parts
that compose the guiding apparatus may be placed under the blanket frame,
as shewn in the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2, clear of most of the parts with
which the machine is furnished for ordinary garment printing. 1, 2, 1, 2, arc
the two guide frames; they are triangular cast-iron frames (see Figure 1),
supported by brackets 3, 4, descending from the blanket frame (see Figures
1 and 2); the said brackets having plates cast out of their lower ends which
project in towards the centre of the machine to support the triangular guide
frames (see Figure 2, where both the brackets 3 and 4 are shewn, and one of
the triangular frames is viewed in section on one side of the Drawing, and
from the outside of the other side thereof). The guide frames 1, 2, aro pulled
out or pushed in at either end 1 or 2 by means of lever handles 6, 7, which
move about fixed studs or centro pins at 8, 9, in brackets 10, 11, cast on the
brackets 3 and 4, and the said handles aro connected by horizontal links or
sliding stems 12, 13, with upright studs 14, 15, fixed into the bottom plates
of the guido frames, near the ends 1 and 2 respectively (see Figures 1 and 2).
The stems 12, 13, pass through long sockets 16, 17, cast on the brackets 3, 4,
in which they are fitted rather loosely, videlicit, enough to have a very slight
play; the reason of this will be explained hereafter.
Note. In perusing the description which immediately follows, both the
Figures 1 and 2 must bo continually observed.
Now, when either of the handles is pulled out or pushed in, say, for
instance, the handles 6, it is plain that it will act upon the corresponding
sliding link or stem 12, and by it draw out or push in the end 1 of the frame
to which it belongs, the stem 12 sliding in the socket 16; and at the same
time the other end 2 of the said frame being let alone, the stem 13, by which
the handle 7 is linked to it, becomes as it were for the time a fixed bearing or
bracket, in which the upright stud 15 is confined, and it serves, therefore, as
a centre of motion about which the whole frame 1, 2, is moved like a lever,
the end 1 moving in an arc of a circle. If the end 1 be let alone, and the
handle 7 pulled out or pushed in, then the link 13 is slided in its socket 17,
and by it the stud 15 and the end 2 of the frame are pulled out or pushed in,
and the link or stem 12 becomes in its turn a fixed bearing or bracket for the
upright pin 14 to turn in, serving as a centre of motion about which the end 2
is moved in an arc of a circle. If both the handles 6 and 7 are pulle
together, so as to pull the links 12 and 13 out or push them in at the same
time equal distances, then the whole frame 1, 2, will be slided in towards or

page_text: out from the middle of the machine, parallel to itself, on the plates of the
brackets 3, 4, which support it.
And note. Each frame 1, 2, is provided with the above-described means of
setting either or both of its ends nearer to or farther from the centre of the
machine.
I have stated that the stems 12 and 13 should have a little play in their
sockets 16, 17. This is to allow for their deviation from the straight line
whenever they are moved in or out, by reason of the ends of the frame 1, 2, to
which they are linked, moving as aforesaid in arcs of circles, but a very trifling
looseness in the fitting of the said stems will suffice, as neither end of the guide
frames can ever be required to move more than a few inches, and hence their
deviation from a straight line with a radius equal to the length of the frame
1, 2, is hardly anything. The handles 7 have each a small sharp tooth formed
on them to catch into the teeth of spring catches 18, see Figures 2 and 3,
which pressing against them hold them fast wherever they are set. But the
other handles 6 are not provided with similar catches, as I mean them to be
always held in the workman's hands, as I will hereafter describe. The endless
pin bands 19, 19, pass over and are supported by the inclined tops of the guide
frames (see Figures 1 and 3 in particular), and pass also round rollers or pulley
wheels 20, 21, 22, which are borne by brackets screwed to the frames 1, 2,
and move with them. The rollers 22 are provided with adjusting screws for
setting them nearer or farther from the other ends of the frames 1 and 2, to
tighten or slacken, as need may be, the bands 19. The said bands may be of-
leather or of horse girth, or of strips of doctor blade rivetted together, and on
them are formed stand-up edges or ribs along their length, of thick leather,
fastened on against which friction rollers 23 apply to prevent their being drawn
towards each other by the tension of the piece of calico. The stems of the
friction rollers 23 are screwed down to the guide frames 1, 2, see Figures 1, 2,
and 3, so that they move with it in towards or away from the centre of the
machine. The endless bands 19 overhang the edges of the guide frames an
inch or thereabouts, so that the pins do not touch the said frames, see in par-
ticular Figure 2, where this is shewn. From the foregoing description, it will
be understood that the guide frames 1, 2, the rollers 20, 21, and 22, and the
endless pin bands 19, with their friction rollers 23, all move in or out
ogether.
The piece to be printed is wound round a piece roller 30, weighted in the
usual way, and passes thence round guide rolls 31, 32, 33, on to the pin
bands 19, where they go round the pulley wheels 22. There it comes in con-
act with the pins and goes on with them in the direction followed by the pin

page_text: bands, up the inclined tops of the guide frames, and then down at their front
ends, under the rollers 20, whence it is delivered on to the breast roll A, and
then goes in to be printed in tlie 'usual way. At 84 are two indicators
mounted on a cross spindle 35, see Figure 2; they can be set to joint to any
part of the width of the piece which comes out from under the rollers 20.
n
Now, the mode of using the above-lescribed guiding apparatus, for guiding
piece into the machine, is as follows:-Suppose it is desired to guide into it
a pieco of the width represented in the Drawing, from the piece roller 30, on
which stripes, see Figure 2, have been already printed, and between which stripes
it is desired to bit in longitudinal rows of dots, as shewn in the printing cylinder
Figures 2 and 3.
It is the business of two attendants to manage the ends 2 of the guide frames
or the back end of the apparatus, and of two others to manage the front ends
of the said apparatus.. Now, first to prepare the apparatus for working, the
two attendants at the back end of it set the ends 2 of the frames (by pulling out
or pushing in the handles 7, as the case may be), at such a distance apart that
the pins of the endless pin bands 19 shall be at the right distance apart to
catch into the selvedges of the piece at the width at which it is brought to
the machine. They then let the handles 7 go, and the spring catches 18
will hold them and retain the ends 2 of the guide frames in the positions
And the attendants at the front end of the
to which they have been set.
apparatus must, before setting the machine to work, ascertain, in putting
the piece into the machine, by printing a few yards slowly, how much the
piece must be stretched for the spots to hit in in rows between the stripes,
and then when the piece is so placed that they do hit in correctly, they must
set the indicators pointing exactly to the centre lines of some two of the
longitudinal stripes.
This previous adjustment of tho indicators will; of course, be greatly
dependent on the care and skill of the attendants.
Note.-1 have shown the two indicators pointing to the two outer stripes on
the Drawing; as the nearer the parts to which the indicators point are to the
outside of the piece, the better. Also, I say that the indicators should be set
to a pair of the stripes; but any other visible longitudinal lines or rows of
objects would do as well. I name the stripes, because in a striped piece they
will be the most ready guides to set the indicators to.
The machine may now bo started to print. The two attendants at the back
end of the apparatus must keep constantly handing the piece on as it advances
from the piece roller 30, laying the selvedges on the pins at 22, whereby the
piece will be kept out to a given width, from which it cannot much deviate all

page_text: the time it is advancing towards the breast. roll.. In: moving along, it carries
the pin bands along with it, causing them to circulate round their bearing
rollers 20, 21, and 22, and over the inclined guide frames 1, 2.
But note: If it be found too great a drag on the piece to move the endless
bands, the roller 22 may be mounted on a spindle extending across, the
machine with a broad rigger put on it, and the rollers 22 may be turned by a
strap, to give a motion to the pin bands, corresponding to the motion of the
piece, in the same way as the drag rolls or taking-up rolls of a cylinder machine
are set in motion.
The attendants at the front ends of the apparatus must watch the indicators,
keeping the eyes upon their points and-upon the stripes on the piece to, which
they point, and holding the handles 6; 6, and whenever they see that the peece:
is.coming on with the centre lines of the crooked stripes deviating at all to one
side or other of the points of the indicators, they must move the handles 6 in
or out, and thus moving the ends 1 of the frames, the pin bands at that end of
the apparatus will be moved a little into or away from the centre of the;
machine and increase or relieve a little the strain on the piece, so as to cause.
the stripes to pass by the ends of the indicators in their right places for the
spots on the cylinder to be hit in in straight longitudinal rows between them.
Note. As the piece is stretched at the front end of the apparatus, and noti
at the back end, the bands 19 will be nearer to each other at the said back end:
than at the front. To keep the straps in where they return to the rollers.22 an
adjustable fork 40 descends from the, fixed framing, see Figure 1, to bear.
against each strap.
And note. In some cases it may be adviseable that the pattern engraved on
the printing cylinder should be a very little wider than the pattern: previously,
printed on the piece, that is to say, that from outside to outside of the pattern
on the length of the cylinder should measure a trifle more than..the:distance
apart of the places on the piece where the said patterns are intended to be
when the piece is left unstrained. The reason of this is, that the piece should
in all cases require to be strained across its width in-coming up to the breast
roll, so that if let go altogether, it would be too narrow for the fillings to be hit
in in their places; for if it were generally wide enough for that, without being
at all stretched, it would probably in some parts be too wide; and it-is.plain
that the apparatus above described can strain the piece: or vary the: strain.or
tension across the width of a piece, but cannot push its sides in and make it
narrower than it is in its natural and unstrained state.
It will also be plain, from all that precedes, that the adjustment of the front
end of the apparatus must be perpetually varied. It is for this reason that,

page_text: instead of the handle 6 being held by spring catches, they must be held all the
time the machine is at work by the attendants, who must never, for au instant,
lose sight of tho indicators moving the handles 6 as aforesaid, to cause the pieco
to be delivered to the breast roll with its crooked stripes with lining the points
of the indicators as accurately as possible. There will be, as I bave stated,
one to each side of the piece. The piece is borne in its passage along the
inclined surface of the frames by rollers 36, which may be borne by brackets
screwed to the frames themselves, and taken out and replaced by longer ones
when a much wider piece is to be printed; or they may be borne by brackets
affixed to the blanket frame. In settling the form and arrangement of the
frame 1, 2, and parts connected with them, care must be taken to make them
such that the attendants placed at the back end of the apparatus, and who
will stand upon platforms there, may command a clear view of the piece, as
it comes on to the rollers 22, and be in a position to bandlo the selvedges of
the piece freely and conveniently in laying them on the pins; and also that
the attendants at the front may see without effort the part where the piece
comes by the point of the indicators; both of which considerations arc of
importance to the beneficial operation of the apparatus. But provided theso
points are attended to, the particular form and arrangement of the parts shewn
in the Drawings need not to be adhered to, as they have been only adopted in
order to apply the guide frames to an existing cylinder machine without
interfering with its arrangement. It is plain also that, as I have hercin-before
stated, an apparatus of the foregoing kind may be applied behind a surface
machine or a flat press, as well as behind a cylinder machine, for one, two, or
more colors. The essential points to attend to in applying it being that tho
attendants shall be able to see their work well, that the piece shall be kept on
the pins in travelling along by proper supporting rollers, and that the front
ends of the frames in particular shall move very freely in order to allow the
attendants to adjust them with extreme nicety by a slight effort.
And another part of my improvements consists in applying machinery to
tear the sieves of common sieve tubs, such as are used to furnish the blocks
for ordinary grounding tables, which operation is usually performed by boys or
girls, one to each table, whose business is to furnish the sieve with color when-
ever it requires it, and to tear it by moving a brush backwards and forwards
over it, while the printer is making his impression, that the color may be laid
smooth for him when he next dips his block. But by applying machinery to
tear the sieves, instead of a tearing boy being required to cach tub, one will be
ablo to attend to some eight or ten or more tubs, to furnish the sieves with
color.

page_text: Figures 4 and 5 represent my improvement of applying wheelwork to give
a slow circular motion to a tearing brush in a common circular sieve tub:
A, A, is the tub; B is the oil-skin case floating on gum swimmings; C is the
sieve; D is the brush, connected to and suspended from a vertical spindle E,
by means of a thin plate a, rivetted to the back of the brush, the thin upright
edge of which plate is embraced by forks growing out of the lower end of the
spindle E, see the Figures, and a couple of holding pins are put through in
slots, so as to let the brush just bear with its own weight on the face of the
sieve, see both the Figures. The brush is hung a little inclined, as shewn in
Figure 5; it tears better when so inclined than when quite upright. The
spindle E is borne in bearings b, c, cast out of an iron frame F, which is
screwed fast to the ceiling of the shop. A bevel wheel d is fixed at its upper
end, which is turned by another bevel wheel e fixed on a horizontal shaft G,.
lying all along the shop over the grounding tables, to turn as many brushes
with a circular motion as may be required. The shaft G is set in motion by
a strap 1 passing round a large driving pulley 2, with a loose pulley by its side
for throwing the strap on to when all the line of tearing apparatus is to be
stopped. In order that each printer may be able to stop his tearing brush
without throwing all the rest off, the plummer block of the upper bearing c of
the spindle E is cast with a tail plate, which can be slided in and out in dove-
tail grooves in the bracket f, see Figure 4. By sliding it away from the wheel
e, the wheels are thrown out of gear, the spindle becoming a little inclined, but
a very trifling looseness in the lower bearing b will allow for that inclination;
and the bearing c is held in either position by a cross pin put through at the
back of the tail plate, two holes being made, one for holding it with the wheels
in gear, and the other with the wheels out of gear. The operation of the
above-described apparatus is so simple as to require hardly any other descrip-
tion than that afforded by the Drawing. The brush will travel round in a
circular path continually as long as the shaft G is turned, and the speed of the
shaft G should be such as to cause the brush to go about ten times per minute
round the sieve. I find that a good speed for tearing properly, and for
allowing the printer to dip his block on the part of the sieve where the brush
is not; which, as it moves slowly and takes up but a small part of the surface
of the sieve, he can always find plenty of room to do.
Another part of my improvements is applicable to the machines described
by me in the Specification of a Patent granted to me on or about the Fifth day
of January, in the year One thousand eight hundred and thirteen, and in the
Specification of another Patent granted to me, for improvements thereon, on or
about the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year One thousand eight hundred

page_text: and thirty; (that is to say), such machines as operate by means of a flat
engraved plate fastened to a plank, which is drawn out by a dec roller to give
the plate impression to the piece which passes over the top roller, and away
thence along the surface of an inclined. table, on which several after or ground
colors are put in by means of moveable blocks worked by boys, who sit over
the table with their fect upon the side rails of it, and print with the said
blocks while the press is standing still for the plate to be colored or teared,
and dip their blocks into sieve tubs ranged along the sides of the table, to
furnish them with colour while the plate impression is being given. The
positions and mode of operation of these boys are fully described in the
Specification of my Patent of One thousand eight hundred and thirty. Now,
in such machines the plate. is coloured or teared by the hands of the printer or
pressman, who, when the dee roll quits the plank, pulls it out to its stops (the
dec roll not carrying it out to the full extent of its run), and at the same time
he throws the driving pinion of the machine out of gear, which stops the
press. The printer then dips his tearing brush into the color trough, having
first cleared the doctor, and smears color all over the plate, and evens it with
his brusli, after which he turns the doctor down, and runs in the plank by
hand. The putting in of the groundings or after colors with blocks, in such
machinery, is done (as. I have above stated) by boys, each of whom has by his
sido a sieve tub, from which he is to furnish his block with color, and by each
sieve tub a second boy is placed, who is supplied with a pot of color and
a tearing brush, and his business is to furnish the sieve with color, and to tear
it with his brush, while the printing boy is making his impression. There are,
therefore, two sets of boys necessary to work such machines, one to print and
one to tear the sieves.
Now, my improvements on these machines consist in applying certain
machinery for coloring or tearing the flat engraved plate, which operates to dip
a tearing brush into a color trough at stated intervals (as will hereafter
minutely describe), and then to lift it up and cause it to bear upon the face of
the engraved plate which runs under- it, and this gets furnished with color by
it, after which the plate passes away under the doctor blade to be scraped in
the usual way. And, further, my improvements consist in applying certain
machinery to tear or furnish with color the sieves used by the boys for furnish-
ing their blocks; the said machinery operating to make the tearing brushes
vibrate backwards and forwards from side to side of the sieve tubs once or
more during every turn of the dee roll, and at certain intervals, videlicit, while
the dee roll and the piece are standing still, and the boys are printing with
.their blocks, after which the tearing brushes remain stationary at one side of

page_text: the tubs, out of the way, a sufficient time to allow the boys to dip their blocks
and furnish them with color. In order to explain the method of applying
these improvements, I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings, exhibiting
them applied to a press of the kind herein-before mentioned. The press
delineated on the Drawing is constructed to be self-acting, that is, to run the
plank in and out by machinery, and to make the turn back also by machinery,
and those parts I must describe in order to show how my improvements aro
combined, and act therewith; but they form no part of my said improvements,
having been already practised by others.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine, shewing the wheelwork and
machinery for driving the press, videlicit, for turning the dee roll and running
the plank in and out, and shewing also the machinery for tearing the plate
and for tearing the grounding sieves.
Figure 2 is a front view of the machine, supposing the observer to stand
where the printer stands. The press delineated in Sheet 7 is intended for
printing handkerchiefs. A is the main driving shaft, turned by an endless
strap, encompassing the rigger a; on it is a pinion B, which takes into tho
tooth of a spur wheel C, on a shaft mounted in a strong frame bolted down on
the stone floor of the shop. The pinion B runs loose on the shaft A, and a
clutch box is formed on its face, by which it can be thrown in or out of gear
with the wheel C, by means of a clutch 6 and long handle, such as arc
commonly used in these machines, extending to the press end of the machine,
to be under the command of the pressman; the handle is not shown in tho
Drawing. On the same axis as the wheel C is a pinion D, which turns a
second spur wheel E, on a cross axis e, supported in bearings at one end in the
same frame that carries the wheels D and C, and at the other end in a frame
under the jamb of the press, and not seen in the Drawing. On the axis e is
another wheel F, with a segment of teeth cast on it, which comes round at
intervals and catches into the teeth of a pinion G on the axis of the dee roll,
to turn it round in the direction of the arrow, Figure 1, and carry the plank
out, pressing it against the top roller to make the impression.
Note. It is requisite that the dec roll should be precisely in the same
position each time that its pinion is caught by the segment wheel to give it a
turn, for if the dee were the least too forward or too backward at the moment
when the segment wheel catches the pinion, the dee would either pass by or not
get up to the tooth of the plank, and no impression would be given. To
ensure this, a tooth 1 is fastened on the inside of the pinion G, see tho
detached view, Figure A. A spring catch 2, the far end of which is screwed
to the back end of the frame, lies alongside it with its cavity 3 just
с

page_text: opposite the tooth 1, see the Figure; and the elasticity of the said spring forces
the catch upon the tooth to hold the pinion G, and prevent it from turning.
On the inside of the segment wheel a wiper 4 is bolted, which is just in
advance of the teeth, and as the wheel revolves that wiper comes round against
the spring catch 2, and forces it back out of the way of the tooth 1 at the
movement when the first tooth of the segment wheel is just going to catch
into the pinion G, which being thus released from the hold of the spring
catch 2, is at liberty to be turned round by the segment wheel. As the pinion G
turns, its tooth 1 passes away beyond the spring catch, and the wiper passes
away in the opposite direction and quits the said spring catch a little after the
tooth has cleared it. Hence the catch springs ont again, and when the tooth I
comes round again to the exact place it started from it drops into the spring
catch, which holds it fast until the wiper comes round again, which it does
not do until the next time the dec roller is to be turned. On the axis e, sec
Figure 1, is also a cam II, of which the shape is better seen in the detached
view, Figuro 3, which is drawn to twice the scale of Figures 1 and 2.
The depressions and rises in tho rim of the cam H operate to tear the
grounding sieves placed over the grounding table, see Figures 1 and 2, by
giving a rising and falling motion at certain intervals (as the said cam
revolves) to a roller 1, on the end of a horizontal lever 2, hung on a central
pivot at 3. At 4 the lever 2 is suspended by an universal joint to the lower
end of a vertical link 5, the upper end of which is linked to one end of a
horizontal lever 6, which is poised on a central pivot in a bracket 7, bolted to
the top of the jamb of the press, see Figure 2. The opposite end of the
lever 6 is linked, by a vertical rod 8, with screw link in the middle of its
length to lengthen or shorten it, to an arm 9, projecting out from a long
inclined spindle 10, extending all along the length of the press over all the
sieve tubs, supported in brackets 11, 11, bolted to the beam of the roof of the
shop. To the inclined spindle 10 a set of long vertical arms 12 are keyed, one
over overy sievo tub. At the bottom of each arm 12 a large fork 13 is formed
spreading out into two small forks (see Figure 1), which embrace the backs of
the tearing brushes 14. The brushes 14 are attached to the fork 13 by pins
put through the brushes, slots being made in the forks 13, see Figure 1, in
which the said pins can play up and down, so that the brushes rest with their
own weight only on tlie sieves. A similar inclined spindle 15 is placed over
the opposite set of tearing tubs (see Figure 2), and connected to the spindle 10
by an arm 16, fixed on the axis 10, linked by a rod 17 to an arm 18 fixed on
the nxis 15. A balance weight is hung on an arm 19, projecting from tho
spindle 10 to carry the roller 1 down into the hollow of the cam II, and the rim

page_text: of the cam raises the said roller. All the parts above described, from the
cam II to number 19, are for tearing the grounding sieves. The mode of their
operation will be berein-after described.
The plate is teared by the operation of the following parts, videlicit:-On
the axis e, a cam I is fixed, which acts upon a roller 20, on the end of an ȧrm
21, which is fixed to an axis L, extending across the machine under the frame,
supported in bearings screwed to the sides of the frame, and not shewn in the
Drawing to avoid confusion.
When the prominent parts of the cam I come under the roller 20 (as
the cam revolves with the axis e, they raise it up, and turning the axis I.
round a little, lift up a pair of arms 22, 22, fixed to the said axis, one
at cach side of the machine, see Figure 2.
To the ends of the long
arms 22 upright side rods 23, 23, are linked, and to their upper ends a
pair of cranked bars 24, 24, see Figure 2, are screwed, to which the
brush M is attached by screws. The upper ends of the said side rods 23
are screw cut, with a nut above and a nut below the cranked bars 24 to
regulate the height of the brush M, and it is steadied and guided in its motion
by radius rods 25, 25, see Figure 1, mounted on fixed centre pins at 26, 26.
N is a wooden trough, containing color for the press impression, placed
beneath the brush M, between the side frames, see Figures 1 and 2. Now, it
is obvious that when the cam I causes the arms 22 to rise, the brush M is
lifted up, and when the hollows of the cam comic under the roller 20, and
allow the arms 22 to descend, the brush is allowed to descend down into the
color trough N. The order of these motions will be stated in describing the
operation of the machine, and they are also marked on the cam I in Figure 6,
which is a detached view thereof, drawn to twice the scale of Figure 1, to
shew more distinctly its operation.
The drawing in of the plank is effected by the following parts, videlicet:-
On the axis e is a crank O, linked by a connecting rod P to an upright arm R,
keyed on a horizontal shaft lying across the machine in stout bearing in a pit
at S. On the same cross shaft two longer upright arms T, T, are keyed, the
upper ends of which are linked by horizontal rods U to the side rails of the
plank at V. There are slots at in the back ends of the rods U, the use of
which will be explained in describing the operation of the machine.
Note. There are screw links in the middle of both the connecting rods P
and the rods U, to lengthen or shorten them for adjustment; also, the crank
is made with a slot in it to shorten its radius, if need be, and there are several
pin holes in the arms R and T, also for the purpose of shortening their
radius.

page_text: The turn-back is made by means of an arm 28, see the detached view,
Figure 5, keyed on the axis of the dee roller at the opposite end to that on
which the pinion G is fixed. A pin 29 is fastened by a screw in a slot in the
arm 28, which pin, when the dee turns (in the direction of the arrow), bears
against the under side of a carved lever 30, turning on a centro pin at 31,
fixed to the frame of the press, and lifts it up, lifting up therewith a click 32,
to bear against one of the teeth of a ratchet wheel 83, fixed on the spindle of
the top roll; hence, the top roll is turned round a little by the lifting of the
click 32, but when the arm 28 has moved a little way round, its pin 29 passes
by the end of the lever 30, and releases it; it then drops down into the
position, Figure 5, and ceases to act on the top roll until the arm 28 and pin
29 comes round again. 34, 35, are stops. to keep the click from falling too
deep into the teeth of the ratchet, or from being thrown back too far. The
principal parts of the machine being now explained, I will describe the order
of its movements.
Let us suppose it to be in the position shewn in the Drawings, Figures 1
and ; the crank O at the extreme end of its motion, away from the press end
of the machine; the plank full in; the arms T. T, at the extreme end of their
motion, away from tho press end of the machine; the friction roller 1 of the
lever upon the circular part of the cam II, the second hollow in which has
just passed by it a fow inches; the dee roll in its position of rest, as shewn in
the detached view, Figure 4, but just about to be turned; the teeth of the
segment wheel F being just upon the point of taking into the teeth of the
pinion G, as shewn in Figure 1; lastly, the cam I, with its side of smallest
radius bearing under the roller 20, consequently the brush M is down in the
color trough N getting furnished with color, as shewn in Figure 2. Now
the printer laying hold of the clutch handle, throws the pinion B into gear
with the wheel C, and sets the press in motion. The segment wheel F
beginning to turn in the direction of the arrow, Figure 1, its wiper pushes
away the spring catch before described, and then the teeth take hold of the
pinion G and begin to turn the dee round. As soon as the dee begins to turn,
the arm 28 and pin 29 (see Figure 5) lift up the lever 30 and its click 32, and
begin to turn the ratchet wheel 33 round, whereby the top roll, being turned
round backwards, unwinds the piece of calico a little, to make what is
called the turn-back, that is, to turn the piece back just as much as is
requisite for the space between the plate impressions. The position of the
pin 29 is adjusted to raise the click according to the quantity of turn-back
required for the goods that are to be printed.
And note. This kind of turn-back movement I only use for handkerchief

page_text: printing; but when a press such I am describing is intended for garment:
printing, I remove the lever and click 30, 32, and the ratchet wheel 33, and.
put in their place a lever or wiper and a turn-back plate such as are ordinarily.
used in garment presses, the pin 29 being suitably adjusted to raise the lever
or wiper and turn the top roll back to its proper step to make the joining of the
impressions. The pin 29 quits the lever 30 and lets it drop with its click 32,
consequently, the turn-back is completed just before the dee has got round close
to the tooth of the plank, see Figure 4, and immediately then the dee roller
continuing to be turned by the segment wheel F, it catches the tooth of the
plank and takes it through the press, giving the impression of the engraved
plate, in the usual way. The crank O is now turning round in the direction
of the arrow, Figure 1, towards the press end of the machine, and draws the
arms R and T, T, in the same direction; the dee roll turning also, as above
stated, and carrying the plank through. The pins of the arms T, being
at the beginning of their return in the far ends of the slots v, are
inoperative to push the plank forward, but their motion being swifter
than that of the dee roll, they move along in the slots with the plank,.
overtaking it, so that by the time the dee has passed by the tooth of the
planks, and would no longer carry it out, the pins of the arms T, T, have just
got up to the front end of the slots v, and push the plank forward to take it
full out to the extremity of its run. The crank O has now made half a turn.
During this time, videlicet, while the plate impression has been given, and the
plank run out, the roller 1 of the arms 2 has been borne up by the circular
part of the cam II; hence, no motion has been given to the several rods and
levers 2 to 18, and the tearing brushes of the grounding sieves have remained
stationary, and during that time the printing boys or grounders have been
dipping their blocks into the sieves to furnish them with color, and have
been preparing to make the block impressions; also, during the same
time, the cam I has been turning round in the same direction as the crank.
When first the crank began to turn, the color 20 was on the circle of smallest
diameter of the cam I, and the brush M was down in the color trough N, as
represented in Figure 2; but very shortly, the prominent part of the cam,
coming round under the roller 20, would lift it up, and begin to raise the
brush, and by the time the front edge of the engraved plate was coming up
near to the brush, the circumference of largest diameter of the cam I would
be fairly under the roller 20, and the brush would be lifted up about an
juch clear above the plate to let it pass out under it while the plank was
was finishing a half turn, the
being run full out, videlicet, while the crank
circumference of largest diameter of the cam I was travelling under the roller

page_text: 20, and keeping the brush M up in the position represented by the dotted
lines in Figure 2, and by the time the plank had got full out, the position
of the cam I, shewn in Figure 1, would be just reversed, and there being
a small drop on the rim of the cam, the roller 20 and the brush would
descend a little, videlicet, just enough to bear on the plate with the proper
pressure to furnish it with color and tear it evenly. The cam 1 is drawn in
Figure 6 to double the scale of Figures 1 and 2, and the operation of its
prominences and depressions is marked thereon.
ย
The crank now begins to turn back away from the press end of the machino.
It does not at first produce any returning motion of the plank by reason of the
slots in the ends of the rods U, which allow the ends of the arms T, T, to
move through their length before they exert any pull up on tho rods U; but
as soon as the pin of the said arms T, T, have got to the ends of the slots v,
they begin to draw the plank in. In so passing in, the copper-plate goes
under the brush, which, as I have stated, will be just a little lower than the
dotted position, Figure 2, that is, with its face furnished with color, resting
upon the plate so that the plate will get covered with color laid evenly on its
surface, as it is drawn under the brush M. A little before the back edge of
the plate, or just when the extreme edge of the engraved part has passed away
under the brush into the press, the prominence of the cam I, see Figure 6,
comes under the roller 20, and lifts up the arms 22, and thereby the brush,
about an inch off the plate before it descends, which it begins to do im-
mediately the plate has passed away clear from under it, by reason of the
flattened part of the cam I, see Figure 6. The plank and plate, while being run
in by the motion of the crank O, pass from the brush under the doctor, which is
placed as is usual in such machines, with its edge turned down upon the plate
to scrape off the superfluous color as it is running in, leaving only the engraved
lines colored. The crank O continuing to turn, runs in the plank home to its
stops on the insides of the frame, videlicet, into the position represented in Figure 1,
from which I havo described it as starting; the dee roll having remained all the
time stationary in the position represented in Figure 4, from the moment
of its releasing the tooth of the plauk; during the same time the cam El will have
caused the brushes 14 to tear the grounding sieves, videlicet, a little after the
crank O has made its half turn from the position, Figure 1, that is, just where
the ends of the arms T begin to pull in the rods U, the depression or descending
inclined plane, No. 1. (see Figure 3, will have come round under the roller 1,
and then the balance weight 19 being unresisted by the rim of the cam 1,
operates to turn the inclined spindle 10 about from right to left, and thus by
raising the arms 9 to swing the arms 12 and their brushes from left to right,

page_text: see Figure 2; at the same time, by the connection of the spindle 10 to the
spindlo 15, through the arms 16 and 17, the brushes belonging to that
spindle 15 are swung from right to left. When the bottom of the cavity
No. 1 has come under the roller 1, the cam H continuing to turn, the
rise of that cavity No. 1 lifts up the roller and arm 2 in opposition to the
balance weight, and lifting the outer end of the lever 6, depresses its inner
end, drawing down the rod 8 and arm 9 into the position shewn in Figure 2,
and thus swings the brushes 14 out from right to left, and the opposite
brushes from left to right. The fall and rise of the cavity No. 2 of the
can cause these motions to be repeated, allowing the roller 1 to descend,
and the balance weight 19 to swing the brushes first from the outsides of
the sieve tubs towards their insides, and then back again, by which motions
the color laid on the sieves is teared or spread evenly and thinly over their
surfaces. A pot of color is placed by each sieve tub, within reach of the
printing boy, who, at intervals, puts color with a brush on his sieve, which he
can find time to do without much difficulty, as it does not require to be often
repeated; or one boy may be kept employed in supplying color to all the
sieves on each side of the press, which he can easily do, the tearing being
done, as aforesaid, by the machinery. The tearing of the grounding sieves
will have been just completed a little before the crank O has completed
a revolution, and when the crank has got round again into the position
Figure 1, all the movements of the machine will have been gone through, and
will go on to be repeated in the same order while the pinion A continues to be
turned. The boys have the interval between the time when the dee roller
releases the plank to the time when it begins to turn again (that is, half
a revolution of the crank O,) to dip their blocks, to adjust them to the guide
pins, and to give the block impressions, and the sieves are teared as aforesaid
during the time they are setting their blocks and printing, videlicet, about
one-third of a revolution of the crank. I have described the pinion A as
being turned by an endless strap, set in motion by the power of mill-work
from the steam engine or water wheel which turns the machinery of the
works in which such press is erected, or it may be turned by bevelled
gearing, by a bevelled wheel fixed on that axis, and being turned by another
bevelled wheel on a horizontal shaft laid along the shop by the side of the
press. Also, in respect to the machinery I have described for tearing the
grounding sieves, the particular kind of machinery which I have repre-
sented for effecting that purpose need not be adhered to in detail, provided
care be taken that the machinery shall operate to move the tearing brushes
backward and forward once or more between the impressions made by the
grounding boys, and at such intervals as will allow them a proper time to

page_text: dip their blocks into the sieves, the brushes being at that time stationary, and
at the outsides of the sieves, to be out of the way; for instance, instead of the
cam II, with a single rim, the rises of which lift up the roller 1 to swing the
brushes one way, while a balance weight swings them the other way, the cam
II may be made with a double rim, as represented by the detached view,
Figure 7, forming a groove or recess of the same shape as the periphery of the
cam H, the roller 1 being between tho two rims; hence it will be lifted up and
pulled down by the cam itself without the intervention of a balance weight.
Or, instead of a cam II an eccentric may be fitted on the axis of the wheel 1),
see the detached view, Figure 8, the excentrix 40 should be made to run loose
on the spindle, and be thrown into gear with the spindle at intervals, videlicet,
so as to make one or two turns therewith, during some part of that portion of
the whole motion of the plank in and out, when the boys are not requiring to
dip their blocks,) by means of a clutch 41, which is thrown into a clutch box on
the face of the excentrix 40, during a portion of the revolution of the crank O,
by a wiper 42, fixed on the rim or arms of a wheel 43, on the axis of the crank
acting against the tail of a clutch handle 44, to throw the clutch 41 into con
tact with the clutch box of the excentric. While they are thus in contact, the
excentric will turn round with its spindle, and by its carrier rol 45, which may
be linked to a rod 5, such as in Figure 2, a backward and forward swinging
motion will be given to the brusbes. When the wiper 42 quits the clutch
handle 44, the said handle is thrown back by a spring 47, which tends to force
away from the excentric 40, and the excentric will turn loose during the
remainder of the motion of the plank O. The excentric must be set so that
when the spring 47 throws it out of gear with its spindle, and leaves it to run
loose thereon, the brushes will be in the position shewn in Figure 2, clear out
of the way, while remaining stationary, to allow the boys to dip their blocks.
Also I have described a brush as being used for tearing the plate, but a roller
may be used as well, being dipped down into the color trough to furnish it,
and raised up again, as I have described, at the proper intervals; and in respect
to the proportions of the wheelwork and the rates of motion arising therefrom
to the different parts, these that I have delineated need not be strictly adhered
.to, provided all the movements take place at the essential periods, as I have
described them, so that the tearing of the grounding sieves shall not interfere
with the dipping of the blocks, and so that the brush shall be in a position to
be on the face of the plate, while tho saime is running under it, and shall dip
down into the color trough to furnish itself with color, while the plate is away
from it, and be up again ready to tear, when the plate shall be again run
under it. The motions of the brush are regulated by the cam I.
it
But note. A machine constructed as I have drawn and described it ju

page_text: reference to the annexed Drawings for printing handkerchiefs, I have found to
It is
print well when the crank O made about five revolutions per minute.
plain that the same system of machinery may be applied in a press for garinent
printing, the parts being duly proportioned to correspond to the length of a
plate for garment printing; and the different size of the deo roll, that is, the
size of the pinion G, must be altered, and the number of teeth of the segment,
also the rim of the plank, being different; as it would be needless to run the
plank so far in and out with a plank of only five or seven to sixteen inches, or
thereabouts in length; the radius of the crank, or the radius of the arms T;
or both, must be altered to suit it, and so the lengths of the rises and falls of the
cams II and I must be made suitable to the time that can be allowed for
tearing the sieves and plate. All these alterations will be made without
difficulty by a competent millwright, remembering that the proportions of all
the parts are regulated by the size of the dee roll, and the rate at which
the plank is to move..
Another part of my improvements consists in a particular application of a
short engraved repeating cylinder, in certain machinery, for printing the
borders and fillings of shawls and handkerchiefs. On examining printed shawls
or handkerchiefs of calico or other fabrics, it will be found that in the fillings,
or middle part of the shawl, the same figures run across the breadth of the
piece, repeated many times along the length thereof; also the borders are all
repetitions of some small pattern, as shewn in the sketch, Figure R in Sheet 9
representing a part of a piece printed in squares, for shawls. Whatever
number of shawls the piece is long enough to contain, all the cross border A
will be the same, and all the cross borders B will be the same. The side
borders will be found to be composed of the same figures as the cross borders,
only going in a different direction, and all the fillings will be just repetitions of
the sprigs, and diameters, and squares running across the piece, see the Figure.
Now, in printing such goods, the impression is given usually by means of plates
of the whole square of the handkerchief or shawl, including the borders, when
the shawl or handkerchief is not large, or by a cylinder of sufficient diameter
and length to contain all the repetitions of the figures that occur upon the the
shawl or handkerchief. But when shawls of the largest size are to be printed,
videlicet, about five feet square, the expence of engraving a plate or cylinder
is so great as to be a bar to the use thereof, particularly as it is plain that
the same plate or cylinder cannot be used for more than one width of goods
without wasting the stuff, and hence in practice such large shawls are almost
always printed by blocks. I endeavoured to remedy this by a former Invention.
for which a l'atent was granted to me on or about the Seventh of October,
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, the Specification thereof was

page_text: was inrolled in Chancery on or about the Seventh of April, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-five. That Invention is described therein as consisting
generally of the use of certain small and short engraved cylinders or surfaco
rollers, on which was to be engraved (or carved in relief) as much of the
pattern to be printed on a piece as is continually repeated upon the same (the
repetition making up the entire printed surface); and I described how
the said cylinders or rollers were to be mounted in little fraunes, which
were to be caused in some cases to travel over the piece and then to
return and be moved sidewise, and then run over the piece again; and in
other cases the roller or cylinder was to remain in the same place, and the
piece was to be shifted at intervals parallel to the axis of the cylinder or roller;
but in all cases the piece was stretched over a flat table, between which and
itself a blanket was interposed and tho cylinder or roller was run over it in
the act of printing. I have found sinco that the operation of a short
repeating cylinder thus applied was attended with great difficulty, because
the piece could not be stretched tight enough over the table; and hence,
when a sufficient pressure was put upon the cylinder to cause it to print
well, it puckered up the piece in folds before it.
Now, that part of my present improvements which I am about to describe
consists in applying a short engraved repeating cylinder to print shawls and
handkerchiefs by successive repetitions of the same impressions without
stretching the piece over any table, the machine being so constructed as to
be capable of printing either cross borders and fillings or long borders, videlicet,
when the machine is to be used for printing cross borders and fillings, the
piece is supported and strained tight in the direction of its length over and
under rollers mounted in a frame, and the impression is produced either by
running the said piece frame in and out, carrying the piece with its sides or
selvedges foremost, between a top roller and a short cylinder on which is
engraved that strip or row of figures which is continually repeated in transverse
rows, side by side, along the length of the piece; or else by running the frame
that carries the printing cylinder and its top roller in and out across the piece,
the piece frame remaining stationary, and the cylinder and top roll running
across the piece enclosing it between them like a pair of nippers.
The cylinder and top roller are not mounted as usual in upright jambs or
side frames passing by the ends of the said cylinder and top roll, as that
would prevent the free passage of the piece across the frame; but instead,
they are borne in a bent frame composed of two horizontal jambs, which project
out one over the other like a pair of tongs, one to hold the necks of tho
cylinder, and the other of its top roll, and there is a clear passage between
those jambs across them in the direction of the length of the cylinder to allow

page_text: the piece to be run in towards the cylinder, or the cylinder to be run across
the piece which passes right across the frame, its ends going out at each side
thereof, over suitable rollers; and when the machine is to be used for printing
the long borders of shawls or handkerchiefs, both the cylinder frame and
piece frame are made stationary. The piece is beamed on a piece roller
parallel to the printing cylinder and top roller, instead of being at right angles
thereto, and is conducted over suitable rollers in between the printing cylinder
and top roller, first with one of its borders between the said top roller and
cylinder (which is of a length corresponding to the width of the long border),
and when one of the long borders has been so printed the piece is taken out
and turned end for end and beamed again round the same piece roller, and the
second long border is printed. When the machine is to be thus used, the.
piece is passed through it with a continuous motion in the direction of its
length, and the cylinder is turned constantly round. The machine being in
ellect converted into a commou cylinder printing machine in almost all respects,
except in the cylinder being a short one on which only the border pattern need
be engraved (instead of a cylinder as long as the pieco is wide), and in the
frame being of corresponding width; whereas in an ordinary cylinder machine
the frame must be wider than the piece. But whether the machine be used
for long borders or for cross borders and fillings, and whether, in the latter
cases, the piece frame be run in and out, or the cylinder frame, to produce the
impression, the piece is in all cases unsupported at that part where it receives
the impression, except by the bite of the cylinder and top roller as it is in a
common cylinder machine, whereby the piece is prevented from being wrinkled
or puckered up in folds before the short printing cylinder.
For the more complete explanation of this part of my improvements I have
annexed four Sheets of Drawings, whereof, in Sheets 8 and 9, Figures 1, 2,
and 3 are a plan, a side view, and an end view of a machine constructed to
print the borders and fillings of shawls, in which, when the cross borders and
cross fillings are to be printed, the piece frame is stationary and the cylinder
frame or carriage is run in and out.
And note. The machine is planned for printing the cross borders and
fillings; and in printing the long borders, certain parts that are requisite for
printing across the piece are thrown out of operation, and some parts are brought
I will describe the
into use which are not used in printing the cross borders.
machine first, with all its parts requisite for printing across the piece; and
will then explain how it is to be afterwards put into a state for printing the
long borders.
A, A, is the frame which carries the printing cylinder and top roller, and

page_text: which will call the cylinder carriage; it is a bent or forked frame, the two
horizontal arms of which extent out as aforesaid like a pair of tongs; the upper
arm carries the top roller B, which is suspended by a pair of vertical stems a, a,
to the lower ends of which the necks of the roller are attached by iron straps
in the usual way, see the Figure.
The stems a slide in sockets 6 cast out of the upper arms A of the cylinder
carriage, and the roller is loaded by a pair of weights C, C, acting each through
a long lever c connected by a link d to a counter lever e, to cause it to press
on the surface of the printing cylinder D with a proper pressure for printing.
The cylinder D is supported in brasses laid in suitable bearings in the lower
arms A of the cylinder carriage; it is provided with a wiping doctor and a lint
doctor, a color trough and furnishing roller of the ordinary construction, with
a pinion on the cylinder to turn the furnishing roller, and other usual and
requisite parts, all attached to the carriage. I have not shewn them in Figure
2, but a part of them is shewn in the detached view of the cylinder, Figure 4.
The cylinder carriage is mounted on six wheels f, which run on triangular
bars g, g, bolted to the ground, see in particular Figure 3. It is drawn back-
ward and forward at suitable intervals (which I will hereafter state) by means
of the following parts:-
MOVEMENT FOR RUNNING THE CYLINDER CARRIAGE IN AND OUT, AND FOR
TURNING THE CYLINDER.
A horizontal shaft 1 lies along the shop in a long pit below the machine, which
shaft continually turned round by suitable wheel-work connecting it with the
steam engine or water wheel which drives the machinery of the mill. On the
shaft 1 is a large bevel wheel 2 taking into the teeth of a smaller bevel wheel 3
on a vertical axis 4 carrying a bevel wheel 5 at its upper end which gears with
a fourth bevel wheel 6 on a horizontal axis 7 lying in standards 8, 9, by the
outside of one of the frames A, A, the centre line of the said shaft 7 inter-
secting the centre line of the printing cylinder, see Figure 2. There are two
bevel wheels on the shaft 4 in the pit, seo Figures 2 and 3 ; they both run loose
thereon, and either may be thrown into gear with the wheel 2 by a double
clutch placed between them, see Figure 2, the other being then allowed to run
loose. This is for reversing the motion of the upright shaft 4 at pleasure, the
object of which I shall bereafter oxplain.
On the shaft 7 are two bevel wheels 10, 11, running loosely thereon, and
between them is a double clutch and a clutch handle at 12, see the plan and
side view. If they be pulled one way, they throw the wheel 10 into gear with
the wheel 14 fixed on a horizontal spindle 15 at right angles to the shaft 7, the

page_text: wheel 11 running loose during such time; and if the handle and clutch 12 be
pushed the other way, that throws the other bevelled wheel 11 into gear with the
bevelled wheel 14, leaving the first bevel wheel 10 to run loose on its spindle.
Therefore, the shaft 7 turning continually in one direction by the power of the
mill-work acting through the wheels 5 and 6, if the handle 12 is alternately
thrown to the right and to the left, then as the bevel wheels 10 and 11 take into
opposite sides of the wheel 14, and consequently turn it in opposite directions, the
spindle 15 will be first turned round in the direction of the arrow, Figure 1, for
a time, and then the motion will be reversed, and the said spindle turned in the
opposite direction for a time, and so on. By this train of wheel-work the
cylinder carriage is run in and out by a spur pinion 16 on the axis 15, working
into a horizontal rack 17 below it, affixed to the said carriages A, as shown by
Figures 1 and 4. The rack 17 runs in a dovetailed slide L, Figure 1, which
is supported by four setting screws M on a cast-iron table N, see Figures 1 and 2,
by which screws the slide and the rack with it can be raised or lowered to suit
different sizes of pinions 16; the end of the rack which is fastened to the
cylinder carriage being also raised as much as the setting screws, by raising
the bracket O, to which it is bolted, see Figures 3 and 4. I have said that
the axis 7 is turned continually (as long as the wheel 3 is in gear with the
wheel 2) in the same direction. On it is fitted a bevel pinion 20, which is in
gear with the bevel pinion 21, fixed on the axis of the printing cylinder D:
The pinion 20 is cast with a long boss 23, fitted loosely on the shaft 7, but a
feather is fitted into that boss and a corresponding groove is made all along the
shaft 7, so that the pinion 20 can be slided all along the shaft 7 endwise, but
is compelled to turn round with it, and it is enclosed between two backing-up
frames 22, 22, cast out of the lower arm A of the frame, see Figures 1 and 2,
one of which bears against one end of the long boss 23 of the pinion 20 when
the carriage runs in, and the other against its other end when the carriage
runs out, by which means it is kept in gear constantly with the pinion 21, so
that as the carriage A travels along it drives the sliding pinion 20 with it along
the axis 7, and that axis being turned round as aforesaid, and with it the pinion
20, it is plain that the pinion 21 and the cylinder D will be kept continually
turning in the same direction whether the carriage be running in or out.
MOVEMENT FOR CAUSING THE TOP ROLLER TO PRESS UPON AND BE TAKEN OFF
THE PRINTING CYLINDER.
While the cylinder carriage is being run in towards the piece frame, that is,
while the cylinder is printing, the top roller must be kept loaded and must be
allowed to press upon the cylinder; but when the cylinder carriage is to be

page_text: run back, the cylinder must be relieved from the pressure of the loaded top
roller. This is done by the following parts:-On the ends of the lover care
friction rollers h, which are unsupported while the cylinder is printing, and
leave the loaded top roller to press on the cylinder; but when the cylinder
has done printing, they are lifted up on to fixed rails 1, 1, on which they run
while the carriage is being run back, and hence the top roller is lifted off and
kept off the cylinder during such run back of the carriage, after which it is let
down again to press on the top roller. To eflect this there are two inclined
planes m, n, one for the friction roller h to rise up, and the other for them to
descend upon; and at each end of the rails 1, 1, are flaps or doors o, p, moving
upon hinge joints. The flaps or doors o are kept always thrown up or open by
balance weights q, except when the friction rollers h of the levers c come upon
them, and shut then down, as I will describe.
The doors rest in a horizontal position on the inclined planes n, except
when they are lifted up by the friction rollers h. The rails 1, 1, are fixed to
the piece frame. They are cast each in two halves (see the Figures 2 and 3,
and the detached plan, Figure 5) the inclined plane m, at that end of the rail
to which the door o is connected, in one piece, and the inclined plane n, with
the other end of the rail, in another piece. A side plate is cast on cach for
stiffness, see Figures 2, 3, and 5, and a bottom plate to bolt it down to long
iron beams, extending from one end of the piece frame to the other, see Figures
2 and 3. There are long slots in the bottom plates of the rails and in the
iron beams, the use of which is to allow the two halves of the rails to bo
moved nearer to or farther from each other, with their inclined planes and
doors, to suit different widths of goods, as I will hereafter explain. Now these
parts operate to let the top roller down upon the cylinder at times, and to
relieve the cylinder of its pressure at other times, as follows-Suppose the
carriage to be quite run back, which will be a little further that it is repre-
sented in Figure 2, videlicet, with the friction rollers in the position of the
dotted circle h, the doors o will then be up in the position shewn in Figure 2,
by the effect of the balance weights ; the friction rollers being clear of
the edges of the doors o, and resting on the upper ends of the inclined
planes m. Now when the cylinder carriage begins to be run in to print, the
friction rollers will descend the inclined planes m, passing down through the
opening between the edges of the doors o and the surface of the inclined planes
till they get down into the position shown in the full lines, Figure 2, and when
they have so descended, the top roller will have descended gradually to bear
upon the surface of the printing cylinder with the proper amount of pressure,
that being adjusted by the sitting of the nuts 24, 25, that act in the stems a.

page_text: The friction roller will now travel along unsupported all the time the
cylinder is printing, with the loaded top roll pressing upon the cylinder.
Note. The bottom plates cast on the rail frames are low enough for the
friction rollers h never to come to touch them, as shewn by Figure 2.
By the time the printing is done, the friction rollers h will have come to the
foot of the inclined planes n at the other end, see Figure 2, and they will rise
up them, and thereby relieve the cylinder from the pressure of the top roller,
lifting up the doors p till the edges of those doors are at such a height as to
let the friction rollers h get by them, and then the doors p will fall down again
into their places, their edges resting on the inclined planes n. They form then
firm ends or continuations of the upper rails on which the friction roller h
travels, while the cylinder carriage is running out or back again, and, as will be
plain by examining the Drawing, during all that time the top roller B is kept
lifted off the printing cylinder, and the piece being much strained over its several
guide and supporting rollers will rise up a little, so as to be clear of the surface
of the printing cylinder whenever it is relieved from the pressure of the top roller
B. When the carriage gets back again so far that the friction rollers h pass
the hinge joints of the doors o, they will travel along on those doors pressing
them down towards the inclined planes n, in opposition to their balance weights
7, until the carriage gets quite out, with the friction rollers h in the dotted
positions h, Figure 2; and then the friction rollers h having got again beyond
the edges of the doors o, the balance weights 9 come into operation,
throwing up the doors o; and then on the return of the carriage again to
print, the friction rollers h can pass by and begin to descend the inclined
planes m again, so as to let the top roller B down again to press upon the
surface of the cylinder by the time the printing is to recommence.
It is proper that the carriage should stop itself whenever it has run its full
course, whether going in to print or coming out; this is done by means of a
rod 30, one end of which is fastened to a bracket bolted to one of the backing-
up frames 22, and the other end slides through a socket in a small frame 31,
see Figure 2; an arm 32 is keyed on the rod 30 at one end, and another at
33 at the other end, their distances apart being such that when. the double
clutch 12 is to the right, for instance, with the wheel 10 in gear with the
wheel 14, and the carriage going in to print, then as soon as the carriage comes
within an inch or so of the end of its run the arm 33 strikes the lower end of
the clutch lever 12, see Figure 2, from left to right; that throws the upper
end of the said clutch lever, and thereby the clutch 12, from right to left, taking
it out of the clutch box of the wheel 10, and bringing the carriage to rest.
The printer must then take the handle 34, which is keyed on the end of the

page_text: hort cross spindle that carries the clutch lever, see Figures and o
hrows it over further to the left, to throw the wheel 11 into gear with the
wheel 14 and send the carriage out; and when it gets near to the end of its
utward run the arm 32 knocks the lower end of the clutch lever from right
o left, which draws the clutch from left to right and brings the carriage again 5
to rest. Then it is again started by the handle 34, and so on.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE PIECE.
F, F, is the stationary piece frame; G is what I call the dividing roller, over
which the piece passes from the piece roll I, and then goes over guide rollers.
see Figure 3, and thence under two fixed curved plates at II, II, see all the
Figures, extending in the direction of the length of the frame a distance
corresponding to the run of the carriage, or somewhat more than the breadth
of the piece. The form of the guide plates II, II, must be such as to bend
the piece gently, as shewn in Figure 3, so that when the cylinder is running
across it it will not touch it any where but where it is to receive its impression.
And note. The plates II do not come down quite so low as the bottom
surface of the top roller, as shown by Figure 6, so that when the top roller is
lifted up the piece rises up to the said guide plates II, but when the bite or
pinch comes on, by the descent of the top roll, the piece is bent down between
the edges of the guides H to touch the cylinder, see Figure 6, and the whole
breadth of the piece must be thus strained under guide plates, wherefore, as
I have stated, the said guide plates should extend a little beyond the edges of
the piece.
From the right-hand guide plate H, see Figure 3, the piece passes away
under a guide roller 30 and round other guide rollers 31, 32, over the top of
the piece frame F, into a drying shop at the other end thereof, where it goes
up and down over and under rollers in the usual way, to expose a large surface
to the heat of the said shop; and, finally, it is wound on to a printed piece
roller in the drying shop, which is loaded with a sufficient weight to keep the
piece tightly strained while being printed, and to drag it forwards to wind it up
whenever it is to be drawn forwards from the piece roller, as I will hereafte
describe. There is nothing new in the apparatus in the drying shop, an
therefore I have not shewn it; its place is pointed out in Figures 1 and
34, 34, is the endless blanket going round a breast roller and over guide roller
in the usual way; the breast roller 35 and the guide roller 36, 37, 38, and S
are fixed to the cylinder carriage, and go forward and retreat with it; th
rollers 40 and 41 are fixed to the roof or joists of the shop. The stretchin
or drop roller 42 is weighted and rises as the cylinder carriage advances, a

page_text: sinks again as it retreats.
The ends of the said rollers are mounted in
frames 43, which are furnished with spur pinions which work in upright fixed
racks 44, see Figure 7, to keep them straight; and, further, to prevent one
end being pressed down lower than the other by any unequal distribution of the
weights, which would cause unequal tension and crookedness of the blanket,
a bevel wheel 45 is put on the axis of each of the said spur pinions, working
into a corresponding bevel wheel 46 on an axis 47, extending across from one
rack to the other, whereby, if one end of the roller frame drops a little by any
excess of pressure on that end, its bevel wheel will be turned (by the spur
pinion being turned by the rack), and communicate motion through the cross
spindle 47 to the other end of the roller frame, and make that end descend as
much as the first, whereby the drop roller 42 is kept always straight and the
blanket even.
MOVEMENTS FOR DRAWING FORWARD CALICO BETWEEN THE SUCCESSIVE
IMPRESSIONS.
I have stated in the commencement of the description of this part of my
improvements that the repetitions of the same cross impressions on dif-
ferent parts along the length of the piece are produced by shifting the piece
lengthwise over its rollers at intervals, that is, while the carriage is being run
back after, the cylinder has made an impression, the dividing roller G is
turned round. as much as will remove that part which has just been printed,
and bring forward an, unprinted part to receive the next impression, to join or
match to the one just made. This is, done by means of .a ratchet wheel R,
with fine teeth fixed on the end of the dividing roller G. Concentric with the
ratchet wheel R is a double fixed circle S, in the opening between the two
rings of. which stops are placed, see also Figure 9. T is an arm, moving loose
about the axis of the ratchet placed between it and the fixed circles. It carries
a click lever U, which is forced in towards the teeth of the ratchet by a spring
at t;. but if the lower end of that click lever be pressed down upon the outer
end of the arm T by grasping the two small handles at their respective.enils.
the click is thrown back out of the racket teeth, and then both the arms T
and the click lever can be moved up and down without moving the ratchet.
But while the click takes into the teeth of the ratchet, as I have stated, then
the arm T cannot be lifted without turning the ratchet round, as will be
evident by the Figure.
The stops are small pins screwed fast at any part of the double ring, and
projecting through the space between the two rings, see Figure 9, to catch
against and stop the arm T, which, being lifted up with the click lever bearing
D

page_text: ngainst the ratchet wheel, will turn it round inore or less, and unwind moro or
less of the piece according to the distance apart of the stops. This mode of
turning a roller round repeatedly the same quantity is well known as applied
to the engraving machines used by calico printers, and needs not therefore be
more minutely described. The stops must of course be always set at that
distance apart which will cause the dividing roller, every time the handle 'T' is
lifted up, to take up from the piece roller, and give out to the printing
cylinder as much cloth as is requisite. to make each repetition of this
'impression across the piece match correctly to the preceding one.
Note. When borders are being printed, the dividing roller must be turned
round and the piece set forward, after one cross border has been done, very
'carefully by hand till that part of the piece comes opposite the cylinder on which
the next cross border is to be printed; this is done by a ratchet wheel V, sec
Figure 8, the apparatus R, S, T, remaining inoperative with very fine teeth
and several clicks r dropping on to it, dividing the length of a tooth of the
ratchet for the purpose of being enabled to turn the roller Ground (by a
spanner 0 put on a square at the end of the axis), a very minute portion of
a turn, the clicks r preventing it from turning back and holding it fast at any
required position.
Having now described the material operating parts of the machinery, Sheets
'8 and 9, I will describe the entire operation of printing shawls therewith.
Note. I purpose, as I have stated, in a machine of this kind to print the
long borders as well as the cross borders and fillings. I will first describe
printing the cross borders, then the long borders, and, last, the fillings.
First, to print the cross borders, a cylinder D must be put into the machine,
with the pattern of the border engraved upon it. The piece being properly set
in the frame F, F, going from the piece roller in and out over the several rollers
already mentioned, with that part of its length opposite to the cylinder on
which the cross border of the first shawl is to come. As to the manner of so
setting up the piece in its frame there is no particular direction to be given.
From what has preceded, and from the Drawing, a competent printer will
understand how to do it.
Note. It will be remembered that tho tackle R, S, T, is not used at all
for setting the piece for borders, but it is set by the handle O and ratchet
wheel V, and one of the clicks will prevent the dividing wheel from moving
back.
All being ready, the driving wheel 2 may be set in motion, and the wheel 3
thrown into gear with it. The cylinder earringe at starting will be in a position
somewhat further back than it is represented in Figure 2; the friction wheels h

page_text: being up, as shewn by the dotted circle; the doors o being wide up, and the
doors p closed. As soon as the wheel 2 begins to turn, the shaft 7 will begin
to turn in the direction of the arrows marked thereon, Figures 1 and 2, that
is, in the direction to turn the cylinder constantly round away from the piece
frame, with its upper surface going from right to left, see Figure 2.
The printer then throws the clutch 12 by the handle 34 to the right, that
throws the bevel wheel 10 into gear with the bevel wheel 14, and causes the
pinion 16 to begin to turn from right to left, (or in the same direction as the
printing cylinder,) whereby the rack 17 is drawn from left to right, see Figure 1.
The carriage begins then to be drawn forward towards the piece frame, see
Figure 2, and as it advances the friction rollers h descend the inclined planes m,
as herein-before described. By the time the cylinder has come forward to tho
place where the impression is to begin, the top roller will be bearing upon
the top of the cylinder D, and the piece will have been brought into forcible
contact with the surface of the cylinder.
Note. Mitre cuts must be sewed over the ends of the side or long. borders
of the shawl to prevent the cross border cylinder D from printing thereon.
The cylinder carriage continuing to advance, the printing cylinder begins to
print, being turned round with a constant motion by the bevel wheels 20, 21,
as aforesaid, and getting colored and wiped by its color rollers and doctors,
shewn in Figure 4.
And note.-The pitch diameter of the pinion 16, which draws the rack and
cylinder carriage on and sends them back, must be exactly equal to the outside
diameter of the printing cylinder, as the surface of the latter must move very
exactly at the same rate as the carriage moves at, otherwise there will be
dragging and smearing of the impression.
When therefore a cylinder is changed for a larger or smaller one, the pinion
16 being also changed, the rack must be raised or lowered, as herein-before
described, by the bearing screws M, and the bracket O, to which the rack is
attached. When the cylinder has run across the shawl and printed the first
cross border, the friction rollers h will have arrived at the foot of the inclined
planes n, as before described and will begin to rise and lift the top roller off the
cylinder, letting the piece rise also off the cylinder, and just before the carriage
gets to the full end of its run, that is, a little before the friction rollers hare
in the position shewn at the top of the inclined planes n in Figure 2, the
chock 33 of the rod 30 throws the upper end of the clutch lover 12 a little to
the left, as I have already described, and stops the carriage.
The printer, or an additional attendant who may be employed to throw the
machine into and out of motion and to turn the dividing roller while the
D9

page_text: carriage is running back, then takes the handle 34 and throws it further over
to the left to put the wheel 11 in gear with the wheel 14. Then the carriage
returns, the top roller being kept off the cylinder all the time by the doors p
But the printing cylinder
and o, and the rails 1, 1, as herein-before described.
continues to turn round still in the same direction as before, whether 'the wheel
10 or 11 be turning the wheel 14, or whether they are both running loose and
the carriage standing still, for the shaft 7 keeps always turning in the direction
of the arrow, Figure 2, so long as the main shaft 1 is turned and the wheel 3
is in gear with the wheel 2.
This is a particularly important point, for if the cylinder be allowed to stand
still at all the colors get thick in the lines of the engraving and injure the next
impression, also the cylinder must always turn round in the same direction,
that it may get properly scraped by the doctors, and hence the arrangements
that I have made for keeping it always going one way, notwithstanding the
reciprocating motion of the carriage.
Note. As the cylinder is only loaded or pressed upon, while the friction
rollers are down between the feet of the said inclined planes m, n, it follows
that the distance between the feet of the said inclined planes must be in all
cases equal to or a little exceed the length of the impression that is to be
printed, and that must of course vary with the width of the goods. It is to
allow for this and to make the same machine serve for various widths of goods
that the rails and inclined planes are made as aforesaid in two halves, which
being brought nearer to each other and fixed, the distance between the feet of
the inclined planes will be less, and consequently the top roller will press on
the cylinder during a shorter run of the carriage, and vice versa.
But note, also, the said distance should a little exceed the actual width of
the border or filling, that the cylinder may first print a little on the blanket
before it takes on to the piece, as the taking on of the rollers when the bite
first comes on to it may be with a little tremor, and might smear, but it should
not exceed the width of the piece, as the edge of the piece (if the margin left
will allow it) should be fairly between tlie top roller and cylinder before the
bite or pinch comes on. The first cross border being now finished as aforesaid.
the carriage, as soon as it gets to the end of its run out, will stop itself, as
herein-before stated.
In the meantime the picce has been shifted endwise by the spanner O, ns
much as will bring the place for the next corresponding border of the next
shawl opposite the cylinder, and that border is then printed like the former;
then the third, and so on, that is, when one of the cross borders A, Figure R,
is done, the piece is moved endwise, enough for the next cross border A to be

page_text: done; and then for the next cross border A, and so on; all the cross borders A
being done before any of the cross borders B, are begun. When all the cross
borders of the same end of each shawl are finished the machine is altogether
stopped, the piece taken out and turned round end for end, and put in again.
The side or selvedge which was before nearest to the cylinder will now bo
farthest from it; this is requisite to print the second set of cross borders B,
in which the patterns run, as usual, just the reverse way of the first set of
boders, see Figure R; consequently, when the piece is put in again, end for
end, the cylinder will print the borders B properly, if it be placed in the
machine just as it was for printing the borders A. The second set of borders
B will be printed just in the same way as the first set, and I need not repeat
the description of the oporation of the machine or of what it is necessary for
the attendants to do.
DESCRIPTION OF THE MOUNTING OF THE MACHINE FOR PRINTING LONG
BORDERS.
The cross borders being done, the long or side borders are next put in;
when these are to be done in the same machine, the piece must be taken off
from the several rollers herein-before described, and put in again, beamed on a
picce roller 50, see Figures 2 and 3, the axis of which is borne at one end in a
standard from the floor or a bracket from one end of the uprights of the shaft,
and the other in a bracket screwed on to the carriage A. It will be thence
conducted over rollers 52, 53, 54, supported in like manner; thence it passes
between the cylinder and top roll, and then away to the other end of tho shop,
before it can be turned up and back to go away into a stove room behind the
machine, not shown in the Drawing, but the place of it is pointed out in
Figure 1. It is carried out thus to clear the greater part of the tackle belonging
to the machine when it is set up for printing cross borders and fillings; but
some of these parts will have to be removed and the arrangement of some
altered, videlicet, the right hand curved plate II and its standards, seen in
Figure 3, must be taken away, as they would prevent the passage of the piece,
see Figures 2 and 3. The piece is on that side of the machine, and the piece
frame made wide enough to take in the width of the largest sized shawl, the
greater part of the piece being, as appears by the Figure, outside of the frame.
I have shewn in Figure 3 a part of a piece as set up as for printing the long
borders; one border is supposed to be already printed, see the Figure. The
other side of the piece, which is not shown in the Drawing, to avoid confusion,
will pass in between the cylinder and top roll with that part which is to be

page_text: printed, and which corresponds to the long border, shewn as printed, just over
the cylinders.
All those parts which have been herein-before described as being operative
to run the carriage in and out, and lift up and let down the top roller, are
thrown out of operation, but need not be removed, videlicet, the carriage is
made stationary at a point where the top roller will be pressing on the
cylinder, by screwing a strong cross bar 55, see dotted lines, Figure 1, down
between a pair of teeth of the rack 17, and further, if need be, by a tyc
bolt 56, fastened to a cross stay 57, see Figures 1 and 2. The motion of the
cylinder must be reversed, for as the piece goes from left to right, see Figure
2, the top surface of the cylinder must also go from left to right, whereas
before it went from right to left; this is done by throwing the central clutch
of the axes 4 out of the wheel 3, and into the wheel 58; that reverses the
motion of the shaft 4, and hence of the shaft 7 and of the cylinder. The
clutch 12 must be set in the central position, half-way between the wheels 10
and 11, so as to let these wheels run loose; hence, no motion is communicated
to the pinion 16; also the blanket must be placed as shewn by the dotted
lines, Figure 2, that it may go the same way as the piece, but the same rollers
will serve.
There remains but little to say of the mode of printing the long borders, as
it hardly differs in any thing from the mode of printing in a common cylinder
machine. The machino being started, the piece will be carried on with ono
border being continuously printed by the cylinder. When that border is done
the piece must be taken out, and put in again, end for end with that part of
the breadth on which the border is to come, correctly matching to the
engraved part of the cylinder; in doing which the same modes of adjustment
will be used that are used in setting up a piece to print longitudinally in au
ordinary machine.
And note. Mitro cuts must of course be sowed on the piece to protect the
corners of the cross borders. When all the borders are done, the piece must
be taken out, and beamed again on the piece roller I to begin the fillings, and
a filling cylinder put in place of the border cylinder.
In respect to first setting the piece to bring the right part of it opposite to
the engraved part of the cylinder, that the first filling may join correctly to the
border next to which it comes; this, as aforesaid, can only be done by hand
by the spannar O and ratchet V. and it must be done very carefully; also,
before setting the machine to work to print the fillings the stops on the double
ring S must be set so as to allow the handle T to be lifted up just as much

page_text: at a time as will turn the dividing roller round to give out the proper length
of pieco for each cross filling, and before beginning, the cylinder should be
turned round in its bearings by hand to such a position that in being after-
wards turned round by the machine it will turn just enough between the
carriage starting, and the cylinder coming into contact with the piece for the
beginning of the engraving to match to the place on the shawl where the
filling is to begin.
1
The machine may now be started again. The printing cylinder will be run
across the piece just as the border cylinder was run across, and will print one
row of fillings, being turned round on its own axis as before described by the
bevelled gear 20, 21, as soon as the friction wheels get to the foot of the
inclined plane n, they rise up and take the top roller off the cylinder, and
when they get up to the level of the upper rails the notion of the carriage
is reversed as herein-before described, and it is run out or away from the
piece frame with the top roller taken off, and the piece rising a little, as
herein-before stated, the cylinder runs back without touching it. While the
carriage is running back the attendant causes the piece to be drawn forwards
by simply lifting up the handle T till it touches the upper stop, that causing so
much of the piece to be drawn forward as is equivalent to the distance from the
edge of one of the repeated cross filling to the corresponding edge of the next,
and this adjustment of the stops being once carefully made by trial, the atten-
dant has nothing to do but to pull the handle up to its proper stop, always
while the carriage is returning, and then to set it back to its lower stop.
I must remark that when borders are finished, as the breadth of the fillings
is less than that of the borders, it is needless to make the carriage run con-
tinually over the breadth of the two long borders more than it has to print.
Therefore, before beginning to print the fillings it will be best to draw.tho
rail frames 1, 1, close together to suit the diminished run of the carriage.
And note also, that while the fillings are being printed the long borders must
be protected; this I do by means of a couple of long cuts beamed on roll
at 60, see Figure 3, going thence in with the piece and going away with it
into the stove-room, or else over other rollers belonging to itself, from which it
may be taken to be washed after being used. I intend these endless cuts for
the long borders to be as long as the usual length of pieces printed at once.
And note also, cuts over the cross borders to protect them from the filling
cylinder must sometimes be served on the piece, videlicet, wlten it happens to
fall rather short, so that the cylinder would a little overrun one or other of the
borders in printing the edge filling.
Having now described the operative parts of a machine capable of printing

page_text: across the width of a piece, by running a carriage in aid out across such piece,
the same being unsupported where it receives the impression, except by the
bite of the cylinder and top roller, and capable also of being used for
printing the long borders as well as the cross borders and fillings; I will briefly
recapitulate the most important points to attend to in constructing such a
machine, as I am aware that many variations might be made in the details of
construction without impairing the efficiency of the machine, provided certain
indispensable requisites are not neglected.
First, then, the cylinder carriage must be firm enough to have no tremor or
spring. Secondly, the said carriage and the circumference of the engraved
cylinder must travel at exactly the same rate. Thirdly, the piece must be
strained tight enough to prevent its bagging, and to let it have sufficient
spring to rise clear off the cylinder when the top roll is lifted, but not enough
to make it contract across its breadth and wrinkle. Fourthly, the inclined
planes and the moveable doors of the rails & must be strong and firm enough
to let tho top roller take off and on to the cylinder without jar and tremor.
Fifthly, the cylinder must be kept running, as I have described, as well during
the intervals of rest of the carriage as while it is running in and out, and
it must turn always the same way. With respect to the method of setting the
piece on for joining a fitting up to a border, and for setting the piece forward
from cross border to cross border, I repeat that it must be done very carefully
by trial by turning the piece roll round a little at a time, as I have described.
In Sheets 10 and 11, I have represented a machine for printing borders
and fillings, constructed with a stationary cylinder carriage and a moveable
piece frame to print six colors. Figure 1, Sheet 10, is a front view;
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 11, are a side view and plan; A, A, is the cylinder
carriage or frame, carrying the six printing cylinders D; B, B, is a stationary
frame for carrying the six top rolls and the loaded levers that cause them
to press forcibly, on the printing cylinder. The spindles of the top rollers
are strapped by iron straps to vertical stems a, passing through hollow
sockets cast in the frames B, see Figure 1, Sheet 10, with setting nuts and
loaded levers e, d, c, such as I have described in reference to Sheets 8 and 9.
only the levers lie across the frame or parallel to the axes of the rollers,
instead of being placed as they are in Sheets 8 and 9. This is a more conve-
nient arrangement when there are several cylinders oue behind the other.
The ends of the levers C carry friction rollers h, which are lifted up, as I will
bereafter describe, when the cylinders are not printing, to let the piece go, that
it may be run out by the moveable piece frame.
The said piece frame F is composed of upright iron rails F and horizontal

page_text: rails 1, bolted together (sco all the views). It is mounted upon eight
wheels f, which run upon triangular rails g, bolted down to the foundation.
Note. I am about to describe the machine as it is to be used in printing
cross borders and fillings when the piece frame runs in towards and out from
the cylinder frame, carrying the piece edge foremost between the cylinders
and top rollers. But when the machine is to be used to print long or side
borders (that is, the borders that run along the length of the piece) the piece
is otherwise disposed, and the piece frame is made stationary, as I will hereafter
describe. All the description I am about now to give regards the arrangements
and movements requisite for printing cross borders and fillings.
The white piece is wound on a white or piece roller I, loaded by weights
(see Figure 1, Sheet 10), to produce a proper tension. Thence it passes round
a guide roller 20, and round a dividing roller G, and thence over other guide
rollers 21, 22, and under curved guide plates H fixed to the piece frame, sec
Figure 1, Sheet 10, and Figure 2, Sheet 11, and afterwards away round guide
rollers 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, into a stove-room, see Figure 1, Sheet 10, where
it goes up and down over a series of rollers 35 to 43, to expose a large surface
to the drying atmosphere of the said stove-room, and is finally wound on to
a printed piece roller, which is turned by a drop weight, see the Figure 1,
Sheet 10.
The piece frame is (as I have said) run in and out to print the piece
in this machine, carrying the picco with its edge foremost a between
the cylinders and top rollers. The cylinder frame A being a fixture, as
shewn by the Drawing. This is done by the following means:-A shaft 1, sec
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 11, lies across the machine under it, to which motion
is given from the millwork. The driving shaft 1 carries a driving wheel and a
clutch box, to throw it in and out of the ordinary construction; they are not
shewn in the Drawing. On the same axis is a spur wheel a, which turns
a pinion b, fitted loosely on a horizontal cross cross axis 2; the pinion 6 is
connected to a bevel wheel h, by a hollow spindle or long boss, fitted also
loosely on the axis 2; hence the bevel wheel h and pinion 6 are as one wheel,
but as they are loose on the axis 2, they may both turn without affecting the
said axis. The bevel wheel h is in gear with a stud bevel wheel d, and that
takes into a third bevel wheel e, running also loosely on the axis (2); between
the wheels b and e is a double clutch 12, see the Plan, which can be thrown
into
gear
with the wheel h or the wheel e, or left, as shewn in the Drawings,
in a middle position between the two.
In the first case, the motion imparted to the wheel h by the spur wheel a
riving the pinion 6 will be transmitted immediately through the clutch

page_text: box 12 to the axis 2, which will therefore turn in the direction of the arrow,
Figure 2, Sheet 11, the wheels h and e running loose the while, and then the
spur pinions 16, which are fixed on the cross axis 2, taking into the teeth of
the racks 17, which aro attached to the piece frame, run the said piece frame
in towards the cylinder frame, see the side view;. but if the clutch box 12 is
thrown into gear with the wheel e, then motion is transmitted from the spur
wheel a to the wheels band h through the immediate wheel d to the wheel c,
and communicated thence by means of the clutch box to the axis 2; and cou-
sequently, as the motion of the wheel e is in a reverse direction to that of the
wheel (by reason of the intermediate wheel d), the axis 2 will be turned
round in the reverso direction to that of the pinion b, and will run the piece
frame out away from the cylinder frame.
There are three racks 17 attached to the piece frame, as shewn by the plan
and end view, and of course three corresponding pinions 16 to drive them
backwards and forwards.
The motion of the piece frame is stopped at each end of its backward and
forward course by means similar to those described in reference to Sheets 8
and 9, but modified to suit the arrangement of the parts of this machine,
videlicet, a bent lever 5, 6, see Figure 1, Sheet 10, and Figuro 2, Sheet 11,
is mounted on an upright axis 7, and the end 5 of it, see the plan, is acted
upon alternately by two chocks 8, 9, fastened to the frame of one of the
racks 17. The chock 9 strikes the arm 5 of the lever 5, 6, a little before
the piece frame has run in to the full extent of its course, and thereby throws
the clutch out of the wheel h into the middle position shewn in the plan,
which brings the piece frame out: The wheels d, e, h, and pinion b, then all
running loose, without communicating any motion to the axes 2, an the
printer must throw the clutch into the wheel e by a handle 10 fixed. on the
upright spindle 7 to reverse the motion and run the piece frame out.
с
As soon as the piece frame has been run out to within a very little of the
end of its motion the chock 8 strikes the arm 5 of the bent lever 5, 6, and
throws the clutch out of the wheel e into the middle position, and brings the
piece frame to rest again. The printer then throws the clutch box into
the wheel h to run the piece frame in again, and so on. The proper places
for the chocks 8, 9, will vary, of course, with the run that is intended to give
to the piece frame, and that will vary with the width of picco on which cross
borders or fillings are being printed. They should be placed so as to knock
off as soon as the piece has received its impression in running in, and the
proper length of the run out will be regulated by that of the run in.
And note. In this machine, where the bulk of the moving frame F, F 1, is

page_text: very great, it may be found more convenient to work the machine entirely by
hand, that is, for the clutch to be moved in and out from one wheel to the other
by an attendant, whose business must be entirely to set the machine on or
stop it, under the directions of the printer, by means of the handle 10 fixed as
aforesaid on the upright spindle 7.
The six cylinders are all continually turned round the same way, videlicet,
in the direction of the arrows, Figure 1, Sheet 11, by a train of :
spur wheels i, f, g,
videlicet, the spur wheel a turns the wheel i, the wheel i turns the wheel f, the
wheel turns the wheel g on the axis of the first printing cylinder, and that by
intermediate wheels turns all the other wheels m on the spindles of the five
other cylinders, so that the whole six as aforesaid turn in the sanie direction,
and as long as the driving shaft 1 is turned the cylinders will all keep turning,
whether the piece frame is stopped or not, because, as above stated, whenever
the clutch is thrown into the middle position shewn in the plan, the wheels
b, h, d, and e, all run round loose on the axis 2, and impart no motion to it,
although the main shaft 1 continues to be turned.
.
The top rollers must all press forcibly on their respective printing cylinders
while the piece frame is running in and the piece receiving its impression; and
they must all be lifted off successively after the printing is over, so as to relieve
the piece from the bite, that it may be at liberty to be carried back by the
piece frame running out; this is done by parts similar to those that operate for
the like purpose in the machines 8 and 9, videlicet, to the piece frame two rails
L, L, are attached, which are furnished with doors or binge flaps o, p, and
inclined plane m, n, such as I havo described in reference to Sheets 8 and 9;
the doors p remaining shut, except when opened by the friction rollers of the
levers c. The doors o, on the contrary, are kept open by balance weights q,
except when shut by the friction rollers h coming upon them; and the doors
and inclined planes operate much in the manner that the doors o, p, and
inclined planes m, n, of the machine, Sheets 8 and 9 operate, videlicet:-Sup-
pose the piece frame is running in, say, from the position shewn in the side view,
where it is just beginning to run in, the top rollers being all held up off the
printing cylinders by the friction roller h, being supported on the rails L; now
as soon as the inclined planes m come up to the first pair of friction rollers h,
the said friction rollers will descend as those inclined planes move under them,
and will let the first top roller, No. 1, down to press on the printing cylinder
No. 1, and then when the inclined planes m come to the next pair of friction
rollers h, these descend and let the top roller No. 2 down on the cylinder No. 2,
and so on, all the friction rollers from No. 1 to No. 6 descend respectively as
the inclined planes me pass under them, and let the top rollers down to press on

page_text: the cylinders. The piece is, during such time, carried forward between the top
rollers and the cylinders, edge foremost, as aforesaid, to receive the impressions
in the six colors across its width.
By the time the back edge of the piece, see the side view, is receiving its
first color impression from the cylinder No. 1, the inclined planes n will be
coming close to the friction rollers h belonging to that cylinder No. 1, so that
by the time the first color impression has been given to the back edge of
the piece, the feet of the inclined planes n will begin to act upon the friction
roller h of the cylinder No. 1 and lift them up, the doors p giving way and rising
up to let the rollers h rise on to the rails L, and when the edges of those doors p
have passed the rollers h, they drop down again till the next pair of rollers h
belonging to the cylinder No. 2 lift them up and so on, each pair of friction
rollers belonging to tho several cylinders from No. 1 to No. 6 is raised up
by the advanco of the piece frame to the top of the rails L, so that by the time
the sixth color impression has been put into the back edge of the calico, all
the top rollers will be lifted off the friction rollers h, being all borne up by the
rails L.
Now when the piece frame begins to return or run out, the friction rollers
h will be borne up still; the doors p being shut will run under them succes-
.sively, and they will be borne up by that part of the rails which is between
the doors p and o, see the side view, and the doors o will also pass under each
pair of friction rollers h successively flying up by the action of the balance
weight when they have quitted one pair of rollers h, until they come under
the next, which press them down again, and so on, so that the rollers will remain
lifted off the printing cylinders all the time the pieco frame is running out.
The tension of tho piece will therefore cause it to spring a little off the surface
of the printing cylinder, and up to its guides H, which, as in the machine,
Sheets 8 and 9, do not come quite so low as the top surface of the printing
cylinders.
In respect to the length between the feet of the inclined planes m, n, it
will be regulated by the effective run that the pieco frame is to have, that is,
it should be such as to keep the top rollers down upon the cylinder a sufficient
time for the part of the piece that is to be printed to travel under all the
cylinders, and the inclined planes will be set accordingly.
They may be made for that purpose in two halves, as I have directed for
the machine, Sheets 8 and 9, but I have not shewn all this in these Figures,
as the plan being once explained for one machine, a compotent millwright can
execute it for the other. If there wore fewer cylinders, of course the piece
would have to go over less ground; and I need scarcely state that in having

page_text: six cylinders my object has been to shew the application of my improvement
in its most complicated form, which being understood, it will be easy to
construct a machine on the same plan with a less number of cylinders.
34 is the endless blanket, which goes successively over the several breast
rollers, and round the top rollers, and over a set of guide rollers, which
conduct it into a stove room, No. 2, behind the machine. The course of the
blanket is sufficiently explained by the side view.
Each cylinder is provided with a color trough and furnishing roller, and
color doctors, as slewn by the detached view, Figure 4, and such apparatus as
is usually applied to the printing cylinders. In respect to the moving of the
calico (in printing the repetition of figures across the middle of each shawl for
the fillings) after each complete impression has been made, it is done by
means such as I have described in reference to the machine, Sheets 8 and 9,
videlicet, by a ratchet wheel on the axis of the dividing roller G, with a handle
and lifting click and double fixed circlo, corresponding to the parts marked
R, S, T, Figure 3, Sheet 9, and fully described in reference thereto, and the
piece is drawn forward in quantities corresponding to the length of the
engraved pattern on the printing cylinders, that is, to the breadth of the
repeated row of figures running across the piece, by operating with these parts,
as I have described, of the machine, Sheets 8 and 9.
But in this machine, as the piece frame is moveable instead of the cylinder
frame, the piece cannot be unwound until the piece frame has got full out in
returning or running out after each impression, and then the person whose
business it is to attend to the piece will turn the dividing wheel G by the
aforesaid moving tackle to move forwards a proper portion of the white or
unprinted piece before he throws the clutch handle into the wheel h to run the
piece frame in again.
On the mode of printing cross borders and in fillings by this machine it
will be needless to enter into much detail, as the instructions and explanations
given in reference to the machine in Sheets 8 and 9 apply as well to this one,
keeping only in mind that the piece travels here instead of the cylinder.
I will, therefore, merely briefly recapitulate the order of the movements.
The piece must first be properly let off from the white roll under its guide
rollers, and round the dividing roller under the fixed guide plates II, II, and
thence away, as above stated.
Now, suppose fillings are to be printed, cuts must be applied on the edges
of the piece to protect the long borders. The inclined planes m, n, must
he set so that the distance between their feet shall be equal to or a little more
than the distance between the long borders inside and inside, that the top

page_text: rollers and cylinders may bite or pinch the piece a little before the impression
is to take on to the edges of the fillings to prevent smearing. All being ready,
the main shaft 1 may be set in motion and the clutch 12 thrown into the
wheel. The piece frame will run in, as above described, and the piece going
successively between the six cylinders and their top rollers will get a transverse
row of fillings printed with six colors. At the end of the run in of the piece
frame the clutch handle will be knocked off by the stop 9, as I have described,
and stop the pieco frame. The printer will then cause it to be run out again
(if every thing is going on right) as I have described, by throwing the clutch
into gear with the wheel e, and at the end of the run out it will stop itself
again by the chock 8 striking the bent lever 5, 6. Then, before the piece
frame is started again, the ratchet of the dividing roller G must be turned by
the handle T a portion of a turn, the stops which regulate the extent of
that portion of a turn being set carefully before beginning, so that by just
lifting up the handle, as described in reference to Sheets 8 and 9, from one
stop to another, as much white or unprinted stuff shall be moved forwards as
will be equal to the distance between the repeated rows of fillings, centre and
centre, so that (when the pieco frame is again run in) the next row of fillings
.will match exactly to tho previous row, and when white stuff is thus moved on,
by drawing it off the piece roller, it is taken up by the printed piece roller,
which is loaded for that purpose (see the front view).
The cross borders are printed just in the same way, except that proper mitre
cuts must be put on the corners to protect the ends of the long borders. But
to set the piece forward from border to border, a second ratchet wheel like that
lettered V, Sheets 8 and 9, sco also the plan, Sheet 11, with like clicks drop-
ping into its teeth, and a handle, must be fitted on the axis of the dividing roller,
and the dividing roller turned carefully by hand, the piece being set forward
for each border to come in in its right place by the eye, and this ratchet
wheel V and handle will be used also for making the first and last rows of
fillings join the borders next to which they come; in respect to all which, what
has been said of the machine, Sheets 8 and 9, renders further detail needless
in respect to this machine.
I proceed now to explain how the machine is to be used to print long
borders. To print long borders in this machine the picce frame is made
stationary by bolting it down to the floor, or by bolting down a few bars 20,
see the side view, to the floor, which have teeth at their upper edges to tako
into one or two spaces between the teeth of the rack 17, as I havo described,
of the bar 55, in Sheets 8 and 9. All the rollers and parts attached to the
piece frame, which are operative in supporting and carrying forward the piece

page_text: when the cross borders and fillings are being printed, become, in fact, totally
inoperative when long borders are to be printed, and the machine is, as I have
said of the machine, Sheets 8 and 9, converted nearly into an ordinary cylinder
machine.
The double clutch must be set and fixed fast in the middle position, so that
the wheels b, h, d, e, may all run loose. Hence the axis 2 does not turn at
all, but the wheels a, i, f, and g continue to act in the same way as before as
long as the shaft 1 is turned, and hence the cylinders are all turned round in
the same direction just as the cylinders of a common machine are turned.
The piece, instead of being beamed on the rollers I and G, and tho several
other rollers, is beamed on a roller at 50, see Figure 1, Sheet 10, and Figures
1 and 2, Sheet 11, and it goes thence between the cylinders and top rollers, and
away over and under guide rollers 51 to 55, as shewn by the dotted lines in
the side view and plan, into the stove room No. 2 at the back part of the
machine, where it is dried and brought through drag rolls in the same way
as in a common cylinder machine. The arrangement of the piece when it is
being printed lengthwise does not interfere with the various parts used in
printing cross borders and fillings, as will be seen by the front view and plan,
which shew how it is disposed with one of its long borders over the printing
cylinder, all the rollers which carry it being placed on that side of the cylinder
frame, where there is nothing to interfere with them and the piece.
The operation of printing a long border will be so completely alike that of
printing in a common cylinder machine, or what I have described in reference
to Sheets 8 and 9, that it needs no description. When one border has been
printed, the piece will be taken out and turned end for end, and beamed over
the same rollers, and then printed by the same cylinders. The adjustment
of the piece must be by hand and by the eye, as is done in common machines.
There is, in fact, between either this machine or that described in reference
to Sheets 8 and 9, and a common cylinder machine, as I have already partially
stated, no material difference when it is printing long borders, except in its
printing them with short cylinders, which need only be just long enough to
take in the breadth of the border, and in the corresponding narrowness of the
cylinder frame, the same being open, as before described and shewn, so that
piece is not intercepted by any jambs.
I have now described all the important parts of this machine, and it will have
become apparent that the differences between it and the former one are chiefly
such as are due to the one essential difference, videlicet, that the piece travels
(in printing cross borders and fillings), instead of the cylinder carriage. I
have not, therefore, entered into so many details as I have done in the descrip.

page_text: tion of the machine, Sheets 8 and 9, as the instructions therein given apply
to this machine, modified only, as I have already said, by those differences in
The general
their construction and arrangement which I have pointed out.
features of the two machines are the same, and of course, therefore, the same
general rules must be observed in constructing this machine, which I have laid
down for the construction and adjustmont of the other machine. I will observe,
however, that the piece should be strained tight asmay be in this machine,
and the inclined planes must be adjusted. so that the pinch does not come on
until the edges of the piece has got fairly in between the first top roller and its
cylinder, otherwise it will not go in well between the printing cylinders and top
rollers; and as to the speed at which either of these machines herein-before
described may be driven with advantage, it must be formed by trial, as it will
vary with the pinch put on the rollers, and many other circumstances which it
is impossible to detail, and therefore no rule can be laid down for it.
Having now described all my improvements in machinery or apparatus for
drying and printing calicoes and other fabrics, I hereby declare that I limit my
claim of Inventions as follows, that is to say :-
First, in respect to that part of my improvements which relates to drying
machinery, I claim the use of a compound pin stick, such as I have described,
into which the end of a piece of calico or other fabric can be fastened and held
with the transverse or weft threads straight across the longitudinal or warp
threads, the said compound pin stick being guided and kept straight across the
piece, while it is being drawn through the machine as I have described. Also I
claim, as applied close upon the surfaces of the steam cylinders or steam boxes
of drying machines in the way I have described, the loose caps or sliding covers
1, m, n, o, Sheets 1 and 2 of the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the endless
pin bands d, d, Sheet 3, studded with pins for the purpose of keeping the piece
strained while it is being dried, the said sliding caps or endless bands being
provided with means for sliding them in and out upon the surfaces of the steam
cylinders or boxes without taking the edges of the piece off those surfaces, in
order to suit different widths of goods and different degrees of strain thereon.
I do not claim any of these parts isolated, but only when applied, as I have
just stated, to drying machines of the class which 1 have described.
Secondly, in respect to that part of my improvements which relates to block-
"printing.
1 do not claim generally the method of furnishing a block with several
colors at once, the same being, as 1 have stated, practised in Lancashire with
the apparatus there called the toby tub. But I claim those particular improve-
ments in the construction of apparatus for furnishing blocks with general colors

page_text: at once which I have described in reference to Sheets 4 and 5. The differences
between the apparatus constructed according to my improvements and those
previously known are pointed out in the descriptive part of my Specification
thereof.
Thirdly, I claim the guiding apparatus which I have described in reference
to Sheet 6, consisting of a pair of moveable guide frames encompassed by pin
bands moving therewith; the said guide frames being adjustable with great
nicety, as I have described, to enable the attendants who work them, to lead a
piece of calico or other fabric on to the breast roller of a cylinder or surface
machine or flat press, with certain longitudinal lines or rows of figures thereon
matching to certain indicators, as I have herein-before fully described.
Fourthly, I claim the method which I have described in reference to Fig. 4
and 5, Sheet 6, of working a tearing brush to tear a common sieve.
Fifthly, in respect to that part of my improvements which relates to flat
presses, and which I have described in reference to Sheet 7, whereas heretofore
in such presses the coloring or tearing of the engraved plate and the coloring
or tearing of the grounding sieves have not been done by machinery, I claim
the method of tearing the said engraved plates and the method of tearing the
grounding sieves which I have described, by means of cams or excentrics and
levers, arms, rods, and other parts of machinery set in motion by suitable
wheelwork, and which are actuated thereby at suitable intervals, to give to the
plate, brush, or roller, a rising and falling motion to furnish itself with color in
a color trough and then distribute that color over the plate in the manner I
have described, and to give to the sieve brushes a vibratory motion, in order to
tear or lay the color evenly on the sieves during a period when the grounding
boys are not wanting to dip their blocks. I do not claim any other of the
movements which I have described in speaking of the machine drawn in
Sheet 7, the same being introduced only to shew how the new parts are
combined to act therewith.
Lastly, in respect to that part of my improvements which relates to printing
the borders and fillings of shawls, I claim the application of a short repeating
cylinder in the way I have described in reference to the two machines,
Sheets 8, 9, 10, and 11. I shall best distinguish my Invention by recapitulating
the peculiar properties of the said machines, that is to say, the short repeating
cylinder is applied with its top roller in frames or carriages, the sides of which
are not closed by vertical side jambs, so that a piece can be introduced, selvedge
foremost, for printing cross borders and fillings, the end of the piece going away
out of each side of the frame as I have described, or a piece much wider than
the frame can be introduced, end foremost, with a part of it withinside and a
E

page_text: part of it outside the frame for printing long borders. When cross borders
and fillings are to be printed, either the cylinder carriage runs carrying the
printing cylinder and top roller across the piece, or the piece frame runs
carrying the piece in between the cylinders and top rolls, as I have herein-
before doscribed. The chief peculiarity of my present application of a
repeating cylinder to print cross borders and fillings being that the piece is
unsupported at the part which is being printed, except by the bite of tho
cylinder and top roller between which it is passing, whereas in my former
applications the piece was always laid upon some kind of table.
Lastly, the machines, Sheets 8, 9, 10, and 11, can, as I have described, be
converted into stationary machines printing lengthwise of the piece as ordinary
cylinder machines print and differing from them in that the piece may be
much wider than the frame.
In witness whereof, I, the said Matthew Bush, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.