IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUEURS OR CORDIALS AND OTHER BEVERAGES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUEURS OR CORDIALS AND OTHER BEVERAGES, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE."-A communication
from abroad by François Antoine (surnamed Antonin) Joannon, of
Paris, in the Republic of France.
Sealed the 10th September 1872, and dated the 3rd April 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd April 1872.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUEURS OR CORDIALS AND OTHER BEVERAGES,
AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE," a communication
to me from abroad by François Antoine (surnamed Antonin) Joannon,
of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
The object of the present application is to secure the exclusive right
to render effervescent such liquors and liqueurs, for example, as cognac,

page_text: communication with the saturator. The saturator is formed of a double.
acting pump. composed of hard brass, tinned, which draws the gas and
directs it into a spherical reservoir, also composed of hard brass, and the
sides. of which are of great thickness, which forms the saturator proper.
This reservoir contains an agitator provided with pallets. It is desirable
to take the precaution of plating the whole of these parts on their
interior:
The pump first draws the liquor, namely, the cognac, rum, kirsch,
Ditters, or other liquor which it is desired to render effervescent by this
apparatus and directs it into the saturator. Gas is then pumped into
the saturator likewise, and the liquor is stirred or agitated in proportion
as the gas is. supplied in order to facilitate its introduction into the liquid
mass.
The operation being completed the liquid is drawn off into bottles
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd October 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my exe-
cutors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LIQUEURS OR CORDIALS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANu-
FACTURE," a communication to me from abroad by François Antoine
. (surnamed Antonin) Joannon; of Paris, in the Republic of France, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal .Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
"
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :-
The said Invention consists in rendering effervescent or sparkling
such liquors and liqueurs as cognac, rum, kirsch, bitters, marasquino,
curaçoa, and generally any alcoholic or other potable liquids which it
is customary to drink in a non-effervescent state.
In order to obtain this result it is proposed to employ the apparatus
shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and which consists of the
following combination :--
1st. A generator A and purifier B to supply the carbonic acid gas
required for the operation.
2ndly. A gasometer C, in which the gas produced is magazined or
stored up.
3rdly. A carbonic acid gas saturator D, with gas pump E, destined to
give the requisite pressure. (6 or 8 atmospheres).
4thly. A "draw-off" mechanism F for bottling and corking.
The generator or producer A consists of two parts, videlicet, the acid
reservoir a and the decomposer b. The former is composed of copper.
lined with lead in order to prevent its being acted on by the acid.
Beneath this is the decomposer which consists of a cylinder containing
an agitator c provided with pallets. Into this apparatus there is intro-
duced on one side at the top the acid, and on the other the alkaline

page_text: position of the necessary carbonic acid. The acid employed may be
either sulphuric or chlorhydric acid. In the former case we have
and in the latter
CaO, CO +SO* HO=CaO, SO*+HO+CO
CaO, CO+HCl=CaCl+HO+CO
i
The purifying or washing apparatus B is formed of an upper portion d
composed of thick glass, and of a cylinder e below composed of thick
sheet copper. The latter is divided into two compartments by a vertical
partition. The two compartments thus formed are filled with water,
and into the first of them there is introduced in addition a small quantity
of carbonate or bi-carbonate of soda. Two vertical tubes g, h, dip into
the liquid; the carbonic acid gas passes through these tubes, then
traverses the whole body of liquid introduced into each compartment,
and passes out at the top through a special tube i, in order to be con-
ducted to the gasometer C. The gasometer is composed of a tank j,
full of water, above which is disposed a balanced bell or inverted
receiver k. The gas enters the water in the tank, there undergoes a final
washing, and then passes into the receiver k which it raises. A special
tube m places it in communication with the saturator. The saturator is
formed of a double acting pump E composed of hard brass, tinned, which
draws the gas and directs it into a spherical reservoir D, also composed
of hard brass, and the sides of which are of great thickness, which forms
the saturator proper.
This reservoir contains an agitator n provided
with pallets. It is desirable to take the precaution of plating the whole
of these parts on their interior.
The pump first draws the liquor, videlicet, the cognac, rum, kirsch,
bitters, or other liquor which it is desired to render effervescent or
sparkling by this apparatus, and directs it into the saturator. Gas is
then pumped into the saturator likewise, and the liquor is stirred or
agitated in proportion as the gas is supplied, in order to facilitate its
introduction into the liquid mass.
The above operations being completed, the liquid is drawn off into
bottles, which are securely corked, the whole of that operation being
performed by means of the apparatus F.
The presence of carbonic acid in spirituous liquors or liqueurs is a
new result, and is capable of forming a product the stomachic value of
which has been hitherto unknown.

page_text: t
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The introducing of carbonic acid gas under pressure or other-
wise into liquors or liqueurs not hitherto aerated, in order to render the
same effervescent or sparkling, thereby producing an entirely new com-
mercial product.
. Second. The peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of
apparatus as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated
by the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this First day of October
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)