IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CALLENDERING OR SMOOTHING PAPER
Year: 1881

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Alfred Julius Boult, of the Firm of Wm. P. Thompson
and Company, Agents for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323, High Holborn,
London, in the County of Middlesex, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, and Berridge Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Engineer and Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR CALLENDERING OR SMOOTHING PAPER." A communication from abroad
by Messieurs Joseph Eck and Sons, of Düsseldorf, in the Kingdom of Prussia
and Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Julius Boult at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the Firm of Wm. P. Thompson and Company, Agents
for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323, High Holborn, London, in the County of
Middlesex, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and Berridge
Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Engineer and Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CALLENDERING OR SMOOTHING PAPER."
A communication from abroad by Messieurs Joseph Eck and Sons, of Düsseldorf, in
the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany.
The object of these improvements is to impart to rough note, writing, or similar
paper in the roll a smoothness or "satining" to render it fit for writing upon and
of equal sinoothness on both sides, by once passing the paper through a number
of rolls bearing firmly upon one another.
Callendering rolls almost without exception, as hitherto used, have the
disadvantage that knobs or creases are produced in the paper passing through the
machines which leave impressions upon the paper rolls.
Moreover in these machines, when no provision is made for setting the rolling
devices parallel, and also by reason of the unsuitable brake devices hitherto used,
the paper when fed in is frequently torn or split. Furthermore, the paper has to
be passed through repeatedly.
Now these objections are sought to be overcome in the Invention about to be
described.

page_text: The machine consists of preferably four chilled cast iron rolls mounted in a
suitable strong frame in bearings of special construction to enable the rolls to be
set parallel; there are also a corresponding number of paper rolls, and an
automatic unrolling device operated by the traction of the paper.
The paper to be operated upon is rolled upon a suitable square roller or bar of
iron having journals which work in adjustable brake bearings so as to regulate the
tension of the paper. The paper passes over a fixed and a loose roller before
entering the "rolls" proper; this fixed roller has two peculiar threads upon it,
starting right and left from each end and meeting in the middle. The object of
this is, that as the paper passes over it, the screw threads in opposite directions
have the effect of drawing the paper out sideways, and thus smoothing out creases
before it enters the "rolls." When one part of this fixed roller is worn it may be
turned round 90° and thus present a new part of the work. The paper then
passes between the iron and paper rolls, commencing with the top rolls which
move slowly, and are freed from lever pressure by a suitable device, what is called
the "change" taking place where the two last paper rolls touch each other. By
the time the paper reaches the third paper roll its inner side will have been pressed
five times against the highly polished surfaces of the iron rolls; and its exterior
side, which has so far attained a certain smoothuess will pass the last paper roll
as well as the last steam-heated iron roll, and will ultimately be rolled up
automatically upon another iron bar or roller which is covered with wood and
actuated by gearing and friction discs.
By a suitable arrangement of levers and weight great pressure may be brought
to bear upon the rolls; this can however be removed at pleasure by a simple
mechanical device. Upon the counter shaft pullies of different sizes are placed,
upon which work belts to carry the power to the rolls; and by an arrangement of
fast and loose pulleys either of these belts can be brought into use so as to run the
rolls fast or slowly, and by the combined high speed and the pressure of the levers
and weight a great strain or pressure can be applied, thus imparting an excellent
smoothness to the paper, and when working at a high speed the paper may have a
velocity of some 25 metres per minute. The "fast" belt may have a speed of about
five times that of the "slow" belt; the machine is usually run at the higher speed,
and a slip clutch may be introduced for suddenly stopping the machine. The
driving power is transmitted from the belts to the lowest roller by toothed
gearing.
The bearings for carrying the rollers slide up and down in the framework, but
have bolts which may be tightened up; when the front of the frame is removed to
change the rolls, so as to prevent the rolls from dropping out, the brasses are in
halves, which may be regulated by set screws.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Julius Boult in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th November 1881.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the Firm of W. P. Thompson and Company, Agents
for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323, High Holborn, London, in the County of
Middlesex, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and Berridge
Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Engineer and Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CALENDERING OR SMOOTHING PAPER."
A communication from abroad by Messieurs Joseph Eck and Sons, of Düsseldorf,
in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany.
The object of these improvements is to impart to rough note, writing, and similar
paper in the roll a smoothness or "satining" to render it fit for writing upon and
of equal smoothness on both sides, by once passing the paper through a number of
rolls bearing firmly upon one another.
In the calendering rolls of older construction hitherto known the defect becomes
apparent almost without exception, that in the paper passing through the machine
bumps or creases are produced which cause hollows and depressions in the rollers
made of paper-stuff, and thereby necessitate that the rollers have frequently to be
turned down. It is likewise a grave defect that as there is no provision for a
parallel adjustment of the roller-devices, and as there is no appropriate brake-
device the paper frequently tears and cracks between the rollers. Likewise it is
necessary to pass the paper through several times as it is wanting in smoothness.
Now to obviate all these disadvantages the machine shown in the accompanying
Drawings and hereinafter described has been invented.
Figures I. and II. show the front and side view of a calendering machine with 8
rollers. It consists substantially of 4 chilled rolls A¹, A2, A3, A', and 4 rollers B¹, B³,
B3, B4, of paper, which are mounted in a peculiar manner in two strong roller
frames which open at the side, also an automatic unrolling device R actuated by the
pull of the paper itself, together with a spreading device T, U, for introducing the
paper to be smoothed free from folds or creases; moreover an automatic apparatus S
for rolling the finished paper up which is actuated by friction discs. When the
paper roll Y rolled upon an iron rod V covered with a wooden shell is placed in
the brake blocks R, R, and the pressure is taken off the rollers by adjusting the hand
lever K and cam shaft L, and when the rollers have a slow rotary motion
imparted to them by the devices D, V, hereinafter to be described, the end of the
paper is drawn over the fixed spreader T, then below the rotating spreader u (which
may be capable of being fixed), these spreaders being provided with a peculiar
right and left handed thread. The paper is then conducted over the uppermost
hard roller A¹ between A¹ and B¹, and so on between all the rollers. When it has
passed the two lowest rollers B and A it is guided over yet a third spreader J to
the rolling up device S.
Then strong pressure is exerted upon the rollers by placing the lever K in an
upright position, viz., by laying down the cam-lever L (which is connected with
the former by a shaft) by means of a double arrangement of levers O, Z, N, which
are easily regulated by handwheels P and a weight M, the rollers however having
first been caused to revolve rapidly through shifting the belt b with the lever G
upon the pulley F. The pressure upon the rollers may be increased to 2200
kilogrammes, and the paper may pass through at the rate of up to 30 metres per
minute, and will receive an excellent glaze or smoothness. At the point where the
two paper rollers B² and B³ bear upon one another, the so called "change" takes
place, that is to say, from that point forward that side of the paper lays against

page_text: the polished hard rollers which previously touched only the paper rollers and has
not been perfectly smoothened.
Figure II., the machine is driven off the main driving shaft by two belts a and b
independent from one another. The latter belt receives from the upper larger
pulley C a velocity five times that of the belt a driven by the smaller pulley C¹.
When the machine stops both belts run idle on the loose pulleys E and D. When
the clutch V is caused to gear with a counter-clutch cast on the pulley D by
being shifted by means of the lever H, the calendering machine is thrown into a
moderately slow motion, allowing the paper to be introduced.
Now if it is required to work at a high speed, it is only necessary to shift the
belt upon the fixed pulley F by means of the lever G. The consequent more
rapid rotation of the driving shaft causes the clutch V (for slow motion) by
reason of its having oblique teeth, and its continuing its slower motion, to be
automatically thrown out of gear. If it is desired suddenly to arrest the machine
it is only necessary to shift the belt b back onto the loose pulley E. The trans-
mission of the motion from the belt gear to the lowest driving roller A is effected by
two "bevel crown wheels " (Stirnschraubenräder) so as to insure an absolutely
steady working. The bearing for the rollers is separately shown in front view in
Figure III., sideview in Figure IV., and plan in Figure V, and consists of a bearing
block A accurately fitted into the planed roller-frame, and free to move up and
down; it can be screwed fast in the frame by means of the two screw-bolts B, B.
In these bearing blocks there are two half-shells of brass M, M, capable of being
adjusted towards the right or the left, which can be accurately adjusted for
allowing for subsequent wear by the two screws C, C, having lock-nuts; the
bearing shells then forming a so called "joint-bearing" (Gelenklager), and always
firmly close upon the journals of the rollers. The screw-bolts B, B, are drawn
tight only when the front part of the standards is removed for changing the rollers,
and so prevents the rollers falling out. Into the recesses at M, M, above and
below, a strip of felt D, D, is inserted for catching and retaining the lubricant from
the journals. At the lower end of the bearing there is a prismatic shoulder or
projection P. This serves for rendering possible the economical use of the lubricant,
as the oil given up at the top-bearing flows down by that shoulder and falls into
the drip-box of the bearing next below it. Figure VII. shows a front view,
Figure VI. a side view of the brake apparatus for tightening the paper to be
smoothened.
To
The unrolling axle rests below in a gunmetal bearing E, upon which a bearing F
is screwed down by a pressing-spindle and handwheel, so as to exert a more or
less heavy pressure upon the journal according to the quality of the paper.
render this pressure elastic and obviate tearing of the paper when the screws are
suddenly tightened up, an indiarubber plate G is inserted between the spindle-
plate H and the wood bearing F.
Figure VIII. shows one of the rotating or fixed metal spreading-rollers in
elevation.
Figures IX., X, and XI., show the various shaped threads for different purposes;
these spreading rollers have the object to smooth out all creases or folds from the
paper immediately before it enters between the calendering rollers, and always to
lay the paper smoothely against the rollers. They are provided to half their
extent with righthanded threads and the other half with lefthanded ones, and when
they begin to show wear they may be turned round for about 90° and then be
fixed again.
"
To prevent that the rotating rollers when being washed lay hold of the sponges,
brushes, dusters, or even of the hands or clothes of the work people, so-called
handguards" M' are provided at the inwardly moving sides (see Figure III.);
these are not movable, but are rigidly attached to the bearing block A, and are
capable of moving up and down together with the bearings; they consist of planed
angle-irons having limbs of unequal length, and are screwed on so as to be slightly

page_text: inclined towards the outside so that no water may adhere to the same during
washing.
For conveniently placing the heavy rolls of paper Y, which are to be smoothed
in the machine, a pulley arrangement is used, which is here placed below the
gallery h, Figures I. and II. The shaft carries within the calendering frame,
Figure II., two small cord pulleys 1, l, upon which are fastened the ends of two
cords or ropes of equal length, whose other ends are provided with hooks for
holding the paper roll.
On the same shaft outside the framing a larger cord pulley m is fixed;
moreover a counter-pulley n is provided on the lower extended driving axle.
The pulleys m and n are connected by a rope o, one end of the latter being fixed
on the periphery of the druin m, whilst the other end is loosely wound 3 or 4
times round the small drum n by slightly pulling the pendent rope-end by hand;
the rope o will be by reason of the friction rolled up at n and rolled off at m,
whereby the shaft / with the cord-pulleys will likewise be caused to rotate, and
consequently the bale of paper Y previously suspended, rises, can be kept steady
in any desired position, and finally be inserted in the brake-blocks R, R.
Having thus fully described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of
performing the same as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I wish
it understood that I claim,
In a paper calendering machine,
First. The improved spreader which may rotate or be fixed for preventing folds
or creases in the paper passing through the machine and for stretching the same.
Second. In combination with the prismatic projection P for carrying the
lubricant from one bearing to the next below, the roller bearing A so constructed
as to facilitate the correct parallel adjustment, the interchange and the screwing
fast of the separate rollers, the standards being divided, all substantially as and
for the purposes hereinabove specified.
Third. The journal brake of peculiar construction for stretching the paper to be
smoothed as described.
Fourth. The fixed device M', Figure III., for protecting the hands of the
workmen and the rollers in calendering machines.
Fifth. The arrangement of the belt gearing for slow and quick rotation of the
rollers, as described.
Sixth. The device for pulling up the heavy rolls of paper Y into the bearings R,
consisting of a rope o wound several times round a rotating shaft by one of its
ends, whilst the other end operates the pulley rollers 1, 1, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Julius Boult, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
IT עדז'
T BOULLIT
J. BOULT.
THAT TY