An Improved Apparatus or Appliance Especially Adapted for Communicating between Drivers and Passengers in Vehicles but Applicable also to other Analogous Purpose
Year: 1888

page_text: RES
Date of Application, 12th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 31st Aug, 1888
An Improved Apparatus or Appliance Especially Adapted for
Communicating between Drivers and Passengers in Vehicles
but Applicable also to other Analogous Purposes
I JULIUS SAX of 7 Ridgmount Street Bedford Square in the County of
Middlesex Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to
be as follows
-
The object of my Invention is to provide a simple and efficient appliance for
communicating between the driver and passenger in a cib or other vehicle or for other
purposes of communication which apparatus is free from dependence upon mech inicil
locking or releasing and is therefore especially adapted for situations wherein there
1s motion or vibration
I mount
The apparatus or appliance constructed according to my Invention is operated
entirely by electricity and the moving parts are by magnetic attraction muntrined in
the positions to which they are brought I employ for this purpose permanent
magnet with its two poles in proximity to the pole of an electio magnet
or centre upon the pole of the electro mignet truly balanced disc or moving pirt
with a soft iron armature attached to it and in magnetic contact with the core of
the electro magnet This soft iron armature when brought into the neighbourhood of
either of the poles of the permanent magnet is attracted and held in position thereby
The disc or moving part is marked with the necessary indication and a portion of it
18 exposed at an aperture through the casing so that when the disc is in one position
there is no indication but when it is brought into the other position the word or
information which it is wished to convey is exposed The disc or moving part is
operated by passing a current round the coils of the electro magnet in one direction for
indicating and in the other direction for removing the indication Suppose the
armature or disc is in the position with its armature retained by the magnetic attraction
of one of the poles of the permanent magnet and that a blank part of the disc or
moving piece is exposed at the aperture When the indication is required to be given
the electro magnet is magnetized by a current passed in such a direction that the

page_text: To
armature of the disc or moving piece is repelled from the pole of the permanent
magnet by which it was held so that the armature moves round until it comes within
the influence of the opposite pole of the permanent magnet when it is held therchy
and in this position the requisite word or indication is exposed at the aperture
release the indication and return the disc or moveable piece to its non indicating
position the electro magnet is magnetized by a current of the reverse direction to
that previously sent through and by this the armature is repelled from the pole by
which it was held to expose the indication and the disc or moveable piece rotates
or moves unul the armature comes within the influence of the other pole of the
permanent magnet by which it is ag un held in its non-indicating position
may be one or any number of these devices combined in one instrument in accordance
with the number of indications to be given and in that case there may be one releasing
circuit common to them all There may be combined in the circuit a bell or other
signalling device to draw attention to the indication
Dated this 12tn day of June 1888
There

page_text: An Improved Apparatus or Appliance Especially Adapted for
Communicating between Drivers and Passengers in Vehicles
but Applicable also to other Analogous Purposes
I JULIUS SAX of 7 Ridgmount Street Bedford Square in the County of Middlese
Electrical Engineer do hereby declue the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement
The object of my Invention is to provide a simple and efficient appliance for
communicating between the driver and passenger in cib or other vehicle or for
other purposes of communication which apparitus is free from dependence upon
mechanical locking or releasing and is theicfore especially adapted for situations
wherein there is motion or vibration
The apparatus or appliance constructed according to iny Invention is operated
entirely by electricity and the moving parts are by magnetic attraction muntained in
the positions to which they are brought I employ for this purpose a permanent
magnet with its two poles in proximity to the pole of in electro magnet I mount
or centre upon the pole of the electro magnet a truly balanced disc or moving part
with a soft iron armature attached to it and in magnetic contact with the core of the
electro magnet This soft 11 on arm iture when brought into the neighbourhood of
either of the poles of the permanent magnet is attracted and held in position thereby
The disc or moving part is marked with the necessary indication and a portion of it
15 exposed at an aperture through the casing so that when the disc is in one position
there is no indication but when it is brought into the other position the word or
information which it is wished to convey is caposed The disc or moving part is
operated by passing a current round the coils of the electro magnet in one direction
for indicating and in the other direction for removing the indication Suppose the
armature or disc is in the position with its armature retained by the magnetic
attraction of one of the poles of the permanent magnet and that a blank part of the
disc or moving piece is exposed at the aperture
When the indication is required
to be given the electro magnet is magnetized by current passed in such a direction
that the armature of the disc or moving piece is repelled from the pole of the
permanent magnet by which it was held so that the armature moves round until it
comes within the influence of the opposite pole of the permanent magnet when it is
held thereby and in this position the requisite word or indication is exposed at the
aperture To release the indication and return the disc or moveable piece to its non-
indicating position the electro magnet is magnetized by a current of the reverse
direction to that previously sent through and by this the armature is repelled from
the pole by which it was held to expose the indication and the disc or moveable piece
rotates or moves until the armature comes within the influence of the other pole of
the permanent magnet by which it is gain held in its non-indicating position
There may be one or any number of these devices combined in one instrument in
accordance with the number of indications to be given and in that case there may be
one releasing circuit common to them all There may be combined in the circuits a
bell or other signalling device to draw attention to the indication
And in order that my said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the several

page_text: figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures
Figure 1 19 a fice view of a cising contuning an apparatus arranged according to
my Invention Figure 2 is transverse section of the same and Figure 3 is a plan
with the top of the casing removed Figure 4 19 a side elevation and Figure a
vertical section of one of the disc operating devices the others being similarly arranged
or constructed Figure 6 15 1 plan of the same with the disc in position and
Figure 7 is a plan with the disc removed Figure 8 15 a plan of underside of the
disc Figure 9 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the wires battery and
bell in connection with the apparatus for operating it
the
A is the casing having in its underside a hole a for the passage of the conducting
wires and a glass top B covering the upper part a³ of the casing in which apertures a
are made at which are exposed the markings on the discs
by a screw ring c with rubber pachings at a to prevent the entrance of wet
The glass B is secured
In the casing A are fixed the disc operating devices each of which is constructed
o arranged as follows d is the core of an electro magnet D secured to the bottom of
the casing
E is permanent magnet with its poles e el projecting above the non-
magnetic platef which also encircles the core d of the electro magnet and serves as a
meins of retuning the magnets in position The projecting polos e e¹ are formed
by screws passing through the plate f and screwed into the ends of the magnet E
and serving also to secure the stops e³ ³ The top of the core d of the electro
mignet D is recessed to receive a pivot d' upon which rests the cup g in the centre
of the disc G 92 is soft iron armature fixed to the disc G it surrounding the
cup and extending udially to one side It is provided with a stop g³ and is
bilinced by a non-magnetic strip extending in line with the armature 92
The disc G is thus balanced The said disc is marked with the required word
or indication in such a position that when the stop 9 is against the stop
word or indication is not exposed it the aperture a but when the stop 9³ bears
guinst the stop e³ the said word or indication is exposed at the sud aperture
The inward part of the strip surrounding the cup g is over the end of the
cored and in such close proximity to it that when the core
said strip magnetized with the same polarity as that of the said end of
15 magnetized the
the core d The electio magnet D is wound with two coils d³ and d all the
coils d³ of the disc actuating devices being in multiple are from the circuit, to
ind from bittery H there being bell I in the circuit
one or the other of the coils din be completed by switch or push button a
The circuits through
The coils dare connected in series with a circuit k to and from the battery H
which circuit can be completed by a switch or push button at k³ The coils d³
and d are so rranged that the respectively have a curient in reverse directions
sent through them when their circuits are completed that is to say the coils d³
have current in one direction and the coils have current in the opposite
direction Thus the poles of the cores d of the electro magnets D are magnetized
so that they have a polarity of one denomination when current is sent through
the circuit and of the opposite denominition when current is sent through the
circuit h The arm itures of the discs G when no current is sent through the
electro mignets Dare attracted by that one of the poles e e¹ in whose neighbour-
hood they are Suppose thit the discs are marked respectively with the words
เ Left, > 86 Right,' "Speak" and "Stop" and that when the stops g³ rest against
the stops (owing to the armatures g² being attracted by the pole e¹ of the
permanent magnet) the required indication is given by completing by means of
the button d the circuit of that one of the coils which encircles the core d
under the disc having marked on it the word which is required to be exhibited
so thit a current from the bittery H is sent through the said coil d³ in such
direction that the upper end of the core d is mignetized with a polarity the same as
that of the pole e¹ of the permanent magnet E and the armature is similu lv
mignetized and consequently it is repellet from the pole e und attactul by the pole e
and the disc partially fotitus until the stop coucs against the stop e³ in is after
2

page_text: the button d is released retained in this position by the attraction of the said pole e
of the permanent magnet E In this position of the disc the required word or
indication is exposed at the aperture a therefor in the plate a³ of the casing
Similarly the words on either of the discs can be exposed at their apertures by
pressing the button d³ to complete the circuit through the coil of either of the electro
magnets under the disc to be operated To release the disc and cause a blank part
of the disc to again come opposite the aperture a³ the button is pressed so that a
current is sent through the coils d in a direction the reverse of that previously sent
through the coils d³ and so the armature through the core d is magnetized with a
polarity of the same denomination as that of the pole e of the electro magnet E and
the said armature is repelled from the pole e and attracted to the pole e¹ the stop g³
coming to rest against the stop and when the button k³ is released the attraction
by the pole el of the armature retains the disc in the position to which it has been
brought and in this position the word or indication is not seen at the aperture a³
All the coils d being in one circuit the operation of the button k releases and returns
to their non-indicating positions all the discs which may be in an indicating position
The coils d³ not being in series that one only of the discs which it is desired to operate
is moved when the button d' completes the circuit through the coil of the electro
magnet under that particular disc The bell sounds when an indication is given as
it is included in the circuit,
It is to be understood that there may be one or any number of discs with actuating
devices as described and that they may be marked in any desired way to make any
required indication or convey any desired order or information such as may be
necessary on vehicles or vessels or in other places where the apparatus is used I have
shown a circular casing but it will be evident that the casing may be of other
convenient shape and that the other details may be varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
1 An apparatus or appliance for communicating orders or information from one
place to another the said apparatus or appliance having a disc or movable part which
is retained by a permanent magnet in the position to which it is brought and can be
moved from that position by magnetizing an electro magnet substantially as herein-
before described
2 In apparatus or appliances for the purpose described a balanced disc mounted
upon the core of an electro magnet and provided with an armiiture which is normally
attracted and retained in position by one or the other of the poles of a permanent
magnet and is repelled from the one pole and attracted to and retained in position by
the other pole of the permanent magnet by the alteration of polarity of the core of
the electro magnet and of the armature substantially as hereinbefore described
3 The arrangement and combination of parts constituting an apparatus for the
purpose described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, whether there be
one or more than one disc and operating device
4 The arrangement and combination of parts constituting apparatus for the purpose
described wherein two or more discs and operating devices are arranged in conjunction
with electric circuits so that either disc can be operated separately but so that a
releasing current is sent through both or all of the electro magnets to return any of
the discs which may be in their indicating position back to their non-indicating
position substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 9 of the
accompanying drawings