IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernhard Samuelson, of Banbury, in the County of
Oxford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
"
Sealed the 5th September 1854, and dated the 4th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernhard Samuelson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1854.
I, BERNHARD SAMUELSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CUTTING TURNIPS AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
Hitherto the end plates against which the roots are held for the purpose of
being cut in the machines known as "Gardner's turnip cutters" have been
made solid; now my Invention consists in making those plates open, (as
grated, latticed, riddled, or scalloped,) so that the edges will abrade, and the
openings will discharge the dirt from the roots as they descend in the cutting
hopper.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said Bernhard Samuelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BERNHARD
SAMUELSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Bernhard Samuelson, Her special licence that I, the said Bernhard
Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Bernhard Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should.at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING TURNIPS AND OTHER VEGETABLE
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Bernhard
Samuelson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
nanner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bernhard Samuelson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say) :-
Hitherto the end plates against which the roots are held for the purpose of
being cut in the machines known as Gardner's turnip cutters have been made
solid; now my Invention cousists in making those plates open, (as grated,
latticed, riddled, or scalloped,) so that the edges will abrade, and the
openings will discharge the dirt from the roots as they descend in the cutting
hopper.
In the annexed Drawing, (Figure 1,) A represents a section of a portion
of a Gardner's turnip cutter cylinder, revolving on its axis B, with only one
of the cranked knives, which distinguish it from other cutters, shown at C.
D, D, D, is the front plate, against which the roots are held (as they descend
in the hopper E), with the ledge or projection G, patented by Alexander

page_text: Samuelson, for arresting the flat pieces of the roots, which would otherwise
pass by uncut.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the plate D. This plate is shewn in both
Figures as having a number of openings X, X, X, X, X, and in Figure 1
as presenting a number of edges, as at Y, Y, Y", Y, the latter abrading the
dirt from the roots as they descend, and the former allowing it to escape from
the machine.
Now, I do not claim the opening in connection with the ledge or projection
G by itself, which is useful rather for discharging small chippings of turnip,
and may be stopped up without prejudice to my Invention, neither do I confine
myself to the peculiar form of plate represented in the Drawing; but I do
claim making the front or cutting plate of Gardner's turnip cutters (whether
with the patent ledge or otherwise) with openings and with edges, the latter
to abrade, and the former to discharge the dirt from the roots.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bernhard Samuelson, have hereunto.
set my hand and seal, this Second day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
THOMAS JAMES,
of Eston, North Riding,
Yorkshire.
BERNHARD SAMUELSON. (L.S.)