IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND OF STOPPERS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Pattison, of 14, Newton Terrace, Kennington
Green, Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Glass Manufacturer, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOTTLES AND OF
STOPPERS THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Pattison at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1881.
JAMES PATTISON, of 14, Newton Terrace, Kennington Green, Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, Glass Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUE MANUFACTURE
OF BOTTLES AND OF STOPPERS THEREFor.
»
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of bottles
and of stoppers therefor, has especial reference to such bottles as are used for
containing perfumes, medicines, lime juice cordials, and for other similar uses, and
such as are not intended for containing lemonade or any other gaseous or aerated
liquid; and the objects of the Invention are to do away with the present unsatis-
factory method used throughout the glass trade for stoppering such bottles, and
which involves the use of sand or cinery for grinding and fitting the bottle neck
and stopper, and to effect a great saving of time and of expense inherent to the
usual method of stoppering such bottles.
In carrying my Invention into practice I make, just within the mouth of the
neck of the bottle, a recess or seating, and below this and within the neck I form a
gradually decreasing or tapering orifice leading to within the bottle, and which
orifice I form with an internal or female screw, either of a V or I section. The
stopper is made with a similarly formed tapering part which is externally threaded,
and above the thread is recessed circularly for the reception of a cork or india-
rubber washer, above which is a button or extending part of a larger diameter, and
above this is the head of the stopper, which may be of any desired shape.
The utility of this improved combination is that when the stopper is screwed
down into the neck of the bottle the cork or rubber washer is compressed in the
recess made in the mouth or neck of the bottle by the flanged or extending part of
the stopper, and thus effects an air-tight closure of the bottle, preventing the
escape of any of the contents of the bottle, even though inverted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filel
by the said James Pattison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th April
1882.
JAMES PATTISON, of 14, Newton Terrace, Kennington Green, Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, Glass Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BOTTLES AND OF STOPPERS THEREFOR."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of glass
bottles and of glass stoppers therefor, such bottles and stoppers as are used for
containing perfumes, medicines, limo juice cordials, and for other similar uses not
being intended or suitable for containing any gaseous or aerated liquids. The
objects of the Invention are to do away with the present unsatisfactory method
used throughout the glass trado for stoppering such bottles, and which involves the
usc. of sand or emery for and a great waste of time in grinding and fitting the
bottle neck and stopper, and to provide a means of effecting an air and liquid tight
closure or stoppering of such bottles, and which will avoid the waste of time,
trouble, and expense inherent to the above mentioned method of stoppering such
bottles.
The Invention is illustrated on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, in
Figs. 1, 2, and 3, of which Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of a perfume bottle,
the mouth and neck of which are made according to my Invention. Fig. 2 is a
side view of the stopper; and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the bottle with the
stopper in position.
In carrying my Invention into practico I make, just within the mouth of the neck
of the bottle, a recess or seating 1, and below this and within the neck I form a
gradually decreasing or slightly tapering (or it may be a straight) orifice 2 leading
to within the bottle, and this orifice I form with a fine internal or female screw
either of a V or U section.
The stopper 4 is mado with a similarly formed stem 5, which as shown in Fig. 2
is externally threaded, and above the thread it is recessed circularly at 6 for the
reception of a cork or of an india-rubber washer 7, and above this it is formed
with an extended part 8 of a larger diameter, and above this is the head 4 of the
stopper, and which may be of any desired shape.
The utility of this improved combination is that when the stopper is screwed
down into the neck of the bottle, as represented in Fig. 3, the cork or rubber
washer 7 is compressed within the recess or seating 1 made in the mouth or neck
of the bottle by the flanged or extending part of the stopper, and thus effects an
air tight closure of the bottle, preventing, the escape of any of the contents thereof,
even though the bottle may be inverted, and owing to the yielding nature of the
washer 7 the fine threads of the stopper and of the bottle neck are held in such
frictional contact as will quite prevent the stopper from being shaken out or from
coming out in transit, or from so loosening as to allow of the escape of the contents,
a fault which is very common with such bottles and stoppers as hitherto made.
This improved method of stoppering bottles is not intender or suitable for
bottles intended to contain gaseous or nerated liquids, as owing to the fine threads
of the stopper and bottle, the gas, and at times most of the contents of the bottle,
would escape before the stopper could be either screwed or unscrewed.
The washer 7 I prefer to make of vulcanized india-rubber when it is not intended
for use with bottles intended for containing any liquids of a greasy or olengenous
nature, and then I prefer to make it of cork. In lieu of being placed around the
stopper it may be cemented or otherwise suitably fixed in the recess 1 within the
neck of the bottle.

page_text: Sheet 2 of the annexed Drawings illustrates the improved means I use for
making such improved bottles and stoppers. Fig. 4 represents the mould for
forming the stoppers; and Figs. 5 to 8 the improved tool for making the bottles.
The mould illustrated in Fig. 4 is shown as open, and the method of forming
the stoppers therewith is as follows:-Sufficient of the glass when hot to fill the
cup 8 is cut off, and with a plug is pressed into the screwed orifice 9, the collar
part 10, the button part 11, and the head part 12 of the mould, and when
sufficiently pressed it is left to cool, and is then placed in the annealing oven.
The tool illustrated in Figs. 5 to 8 for making the internal screw in the bottlo
necks is self acting, as hereinbefore described. The side parts 13 are used as a
handle, and the rod 14 is secured at the bend thereof by a screwed nut and washers,
as shown; at its other end the rod is made with a square part 15 which engages
in a slide 16, which is secured to the one leg or side part 13 and works through
the other, and it is so slotted at 17 as that when in its extended position it
prevents the rod from being moved, and when the legs are compressed it allows of
the rod being turned. 18 is a bearing for the free end of the rod, and in which it
can turn; this bearing passes freely through slots in the side parts 13, and is
provided with pins 19 for limiting the movement of the latter outwards. Beyond
the bearing the rod 14 is fitted with a freely turning washer 20 for forming and
finishing off the end of the flanged rim of the bottle, and immediately beyond this
with another such washer 21 for forming the seating in the bottle neck, and
beyond this with a male screw peg 22 for forming the internal screw in the neck
of the bottle. The ends 23 of the side parts 13 are formed square, so that adjust-
able jaws 24 can be secured thereon in any position by the thumbscrews 25; they
are made adjustable, so that as the washer 20 wears away by constant use they
can be lowered to its surface, and thus prevent any ragged edge to the bottle neck.
The jaws 24, when the tool is closed in use by the workmen, compress the hot glass
onto the male screw 22, thus forming the internal screw as the instrument is used;
and they are formed with recesses at 26 so as to form a brim or lip for the seating
of the bottle.
This is a great improvement on the old principle of using rollers or fixed jaws,
as these latter when the washer 20 used for forming and polishing the ends wears
away, which it does very quickly, cannot be altered except by being repaired, and
thus stopping the work, and as this washer wears away a ragged edge is left on
the brim of the bottle, but the improved sliding jaws obviate this, and can be
immediately lowered onto the washer, preventing the formation of the ragged
edge.
The improved tool is worked in the following manner:-As soon as the workman
enters the screw peg 22 and the washer 21 into the neck of the bottle whilst hot,
he closes the jaws 24 (by squeezing them together towards the screw peg) onto the
neck of the bottle, and by so doing compresses the hot glass onto the screw peg
and washers, and thus forms the internal seating and internal scrow thread in the
neck of the bottle.
The tool is self acting, for as the man closes the jaws inwardly towards the
screw peg when working, the square part 15 works freely in the large part of the
opening in the slot 17 of the slide 16; but as soon as the bottle is finished and the
side legs are allowed to spring back to the position shown in Fig. 5, it draws the
small part of the opening in the slide across the square 15, and thus holds the rod
fixed until the bottle is (by a downward turn of the man's hand on the bottle
gauge) released from the male peg 22 on which the glass is pressed, and this can
thus be accomplished without damage to the bottle neck or to its screw.
Having now described the nature and objects of my said Invention, together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I am aware it has formerly
been attempted to make such bottles and stoppers of other materials than glass,
and with cylindrical parts intervening between the compressing part of the
stopper and the surrounding washer, and between the washer and the screw

page_text: threads below, and the bottle neck being correspondingly formed, and with which
parts I dispense, but it has hitherto been a great practical difficulty to manu-
facture such bottles and stoppers of glass so as to get them air and liquid tight
owing to the want of means to form the fine screw, and without damaging the
neck of the bottle, and which, as herein before described, I have succeeded in
devising.
I therefore claim as my Invention, the combination in glass bottles and in glass
stoppers used for containing perfumes, medicines, lime juice cordials, and for other
similar uses, of a recess 1 at the mouth of the bottle, and of an internal finely
screwed orifice 2 within the neck of the bottle, with a stopper having an external
finely screwed stem 5 and a flanged or extending compressing part 8, and with an
annular cork or india-rubber washer 7 which may be adapted to an annular recess 6
around the stopper, or to the recess 1 of the bottle for the purpose of effecting an
air-tight closure of such bottles, substantially as hereinbefore described and as
illustrated on the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Pattison, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 28th day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
JAMES PATTISON. (LS.)