Year: 1885

page_text: We, WILLIAM FREDERICK COREHAM of 6 West View, Wallsend-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Manager of Cement Works and WILLIAM WALTER
HEWITT of Galley Hill, Swanscombe, in the County of Kent, Assistant Manager of
Cement Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
Our invention has reference to apparatus for generating steam wherein a
combustion chamber or fire-box is arranged directly over a fire in such manner
that the products of combustion are caused to impinge directly upon that part of
the fire box surface situated immediately above the fire and thence to travel in
contact with the firebox surface in a downward direction beneath the fire-box wall
and afterwards upward in a comparatively thin stream or streams through a flue.
or flues formed between a vessel or chamber that immediately surrounds the fire-
box and a second or outer vessel or chamber. The inner and outer vessels or
chambers are so formed that the area of the ascending flue or flues gradually
diminishies as the flue proceeds upward. The inner and outer vessels are suitably
connected at or near their upper parts, this being effected according to one arrange-
ment by means of a steam receiver as hereinafter more particularly described.
Cross tubes may be provided within the combustion chamber or fire-box, and in
some cases, instead of having only two vessels or chambers such as already
mentioned, three or more may be used. Water is caused to circulate upward
within the inner vessel or chamber and both upward and downward within the
second or outer vessel which is more distant from the fire or combustion chamber.
The requisite draught is, according to one arrangement, obtained without the use of
a chimney by adapting to the combustion chamber or firebox blowing apparatus
whereby air is forced into the same. The nature of the invention will be readily
understood with the aid of the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings in
which Fig. 1 is a central vertical section of apparatus according thereto; Fig. 2,
a sectional plan; Fig. 3 a top view and Fig. 4 a central vertical section of a
modification.
Referring to Fig. 1, A is an outer vessel or chamber of annular shape, tho
internal diameter of the lower cylindrical part being greater than that of the upper
cylindrical part and the portion of inner wall that connects these two cylindrical
parts being of conical shape.
B is the inner vessel or chamber, also, for the most part, of annular form, its
lower part being cylindrical and its unner part being approximately conical so ag

page_text: to conform generally to the shape of that portion of the inner wall of the outer
vessel that surrounds it for the greater part of its height. C is the furnace,
L, the fire-box or combustion chamber and D the flue (shown annular but it may
be divided into a scries of flues) extending upward between the inner and outer
vessels or chambers A and B. The two vessels or chambers are connected by
tubes E so that water descending in the outer chamber may pass by the tubes E
into the inner chamber ascending therein to the receiver F which is connected to
the inner vessel or chamber B by a pipe K and to the outer vessel or chamber A
by pipes I of which there may be four, instead of two as shown. J are blow off
pipes serving also as supports to the inner vessel B. G is a feed pipe. M' is
a closure to the upper part of the fluc D, and M M are flues for carrying off
the products of combustion, which may be utilised to heat the feed water, an
arrangement that will in practice be highly advantageous. The opening in the
closure M¹ through which the pipe K passes is just large enough to allow of such
closure being removed with the outer vessel or chamber, when the latter is removed
for purpose of repairs: H are blow or steam jet pipes for producing a forced
draught as already referred to. In the modification illustrated in Fig. 4, it will be
observed that instead of making the inner and outer chambers as already described,
they have imparted to them a curved form, which may, under some circumstances
be preferred as tending to more perfectly utilise the heat from the products of
combustion.
Various modifications may be made in the arrangement of the apparatus. In
large boilers the steam receiver may be dispensed with, the two vessels being
carried higher and joined by tubes or necks.. The blast may be produced by a fan
or blower, but we prefer a set of jets increasing in size, air being supplied both
below and above the fire to complete the combustion of the gases from the fuel;
the blow pipes instead of being built in the bridge or furnace border as shown may
be otherwise arranged. Cocks or valves should be provided to regulate the quantity
of air to each part of the fire.
The form of the vessels in plan may, in some cases, be modified, as for example,
they may be of a flattened form in the neighbourhood of the furnace door or doors
to reduce the distance the fuel has to be thrown. The return flue D is shown
narrow which is advantageous in a small boiler as the outer vessel being in such a
case light can be easily lifted away from the inner vessel for repairing or for other
purposes, the joints being made so as to admit of this.
In large boilers the return flue should be large enough to allow a man to enter it.
Apparatus according to our invention may be adapted to burn liquid fuel, the
burner or injector being placed low and a partition being provided to ensure
impingement of the gases upon the surface of the firebox or combustion chamber.
Dated this fith dow of October & D 1885

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Generating Steam.
We, WILLIAM FREDERICK GOREHAM of 6 West View, Wallsend-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Manager of Cement Works and WILLIAM WALTER
HEWITT of Galley Hill, Swanscombe, in the County of Kent, Assistant Manager
of Cement Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Our invention bas reference to apparatus for generating steam wherein a
combustion chamber or fire-box is arranged directly over a fire in such manner
that the products of combustion are caused to impinge directly upon that part
of the fire-box surface situated immediately above the fire and thence to travel in
contact with the firebox surface in a downward direction beneath the fire-box wall
and afterwards upward in a comparatively thin stream or streams through a flue
or flues formed between a vessel or chamber that immediately surrounds the fire-
box and a second or outer vessel or chamber. The combustion chamber is of
sufficient height to allow the complete combustion of the gases to take place before
they are brought into contact with the boiler plates. This chamber having no
outlet excepting under the bottom is filled with the heated products of combustion,
the hottest portion of them viz those latest from the fire, being driven up the
centre of the chamber to the crown, during which ascent the chemical change has
ample time to take place. The rising gases displace the gases preceding them,
which have been in contact with the crown and there parted with some of their heat.
These latter are therefore pushed down to the bottom of the chamber in direct
contact with the plates surrounding them. On reaching the bottom of the chamber
they flow under the edge of it and rise in the flue or flues formed by the internal
and external shells respectively of the outer and inner vessels forming the boiler.
The inner and outer vessels or chambers are so formed that the area of the
ascending flue or flues gradually diminishes as the flue proceeds upward. The
inner and outer vessels are suitably connected at or near their upper parts, this
being effected according to one arrangement by means of a steam receiver as
hereinafter more particularly described. Cross tubes may be provided within the
combustion chamber or fire-box, and in some cases, instead of having only two
yessels or chambers such as already mentioned, three or more may be used. Water
is caused to circulate upward within the inner vessel or chamber and both upward
and downward within the second or outer vessel which is more distant from the
fire or combustion chamber. The requisite draught, is, according to one arrange-
ment, obtained without the use of a chimney by adapting to the combustion
chamber or firebox blowing apparatus whereby air is forced into the same.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings Fig. 1 is a central
vertical section of apparatus according thereto; Fig. 2 a sectional plan; Fig. 3 a
top view and Fig. 4 a central vertical section of a modification. Fig. 5 is a similar
view of another modification.
Referring to figs. 1, 2, 3, A is an outer vessel or chamber of annular shape,
the internal diameter of the lower cylindrical part being greater than that of the

page_text: upper cylindrical part and the portion of inner wall that connects these two
cylindrical parts being of conical shape.
B is the inner vessel or chamber, also, for the most part, of annular form, its
lower part being cylindrical and its upper part being approximately conical so as
to conform generally to the shape of that portion of the inner wall of the outer
vessel that surrounds it for the greater part of its height. C is the furnace, L the
fire-box or combustion chamber and D the flue (shown annular but it may be
divided into, a series of flues) extending upward between the inner and outer
vessels or chambers A and B. The two vessels or chambers are connected by
tubes E so that water descending in the outer chamber may pass by the tubes E
into the inner chamber ascending therein to the receiver F which is connected to
the inner vessel or chamber B by a pipe K and to the outer vessel or chamber A
by pipes I of which there may be four, instead of two as shown. J J are blow off
pipes serving also as supports to the inner vessel B. G is a feed pipe. M¹ is a
closure to the upper part of the flue D, and M M are flues for carrying off the
products of combustion, which may be utilised to heat the feed water, an arrange-
ment that will in practice be highly advantageous. The gases are passed either
through a spray or wire gauze to condense the vapour contained in them, and to
get as much of the heat from the other gases as possible, and the gases now cooled
to about the temperature of the feed water are allowed to escape in the most
convenient manner. By condensing the vapour in the gases we get an additional
supply of fresh water for use in sea going boilers. The opening in the closure M¹
through which the pipe K passes is just large enough to allow of such closure
being removed with the outer vessel or chamber, when the latter is removed for
purpose of repairs. H, H are blow or steam jet pipes for producing a forced
draught as already referred to. In the modification illustrated in Fig. 4, it will be
observed that instead of making the inner and outer chambers as already described
they have imparted to them a curved form, which may, under some circumstances
be preferred as tending to more perfectly utilise the heat from the products of
combustion. In the modification shewn in fig. 5 the connections E instead of
being pieces as shown in Fig. 1 are ordinary bends of wrought iron screwed
into the bottom of the inner vessel (to give no flange for the heat to flay upon),
and bolted with a flange to the internal skin of the outer vessel, which flange is
out of the way of the fire. The inner vessel can be held up by independent pipes
if wished. The connections I are bolted at the top to the side of the receiver, and
at the bottom to the top of the outer vessel to allow spring and the receiver F
instead of being a cylinder, with a horizontal axis is a cylinder larger in diameter
but smaller in length than that shown in Fig. 1, and with its axis vertical like a
drum. The receiver is set down close on to the Boiler, the connections I being
merely bent pipes. In this arrangement the diaphragm M¹ is not used the bottom
of the steam chest taking the place of it, and the pipe K being bolted direct to it.
A small clearance is left under the receiver or round it for the emission of the
cooled gases, which are collected by a brick flue O round it thus, and carried to
the feed tank. The steampipe to the engine and safety valve, are placed on the
top of the steam chest and the gauge glass at the side as shown.
Various other modifications may be made in the arrangement of the apparatus.
In large boilers the steam receiver may be dispensed with, the two vessels being
carried higher and joined by tubes or necks. The blast may be produced by a fan.
or blower, but we prefer a set of jets increasing in size, air being supplied both
below and above the fire to complete the combustion of the gases from the fuel;
the blow pipes instead of being built in the bridge or furnace border as shown
may be otherwise arranged. Cocks or valves should be provided to regulate the
quantity of air to each part of the fire.
The form of the vessels in plan may, in some cases, be modified, as for example,
they may be of a flattened form in the neighbourhood of the furnace door or doors
to reduce the distance the fuel has to be thrown. The return flue D is shown
narrow which is advantageous in a small boiler as the-outer vessel being in such a

page_text: case light can be easily lifted away from the inner vessel for repairing or for other
purposes, the joints being made so as to admit of this.
In large boilers the return flue should be large enough to allow a man to enter
it. Apparatus according to our invention may be adapted to burn liquid fuel, the
burner or injector being placed low and a partition being provided to ensure
impingement of the gases upon the surface of the firebox or combustion chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what is
claimed is :=
1. In an apparatus for generating steam an inner vessel constituting a com-
bustion chamber placed directly over a fire grate and so arranged that the gases
first rise within its central portion and afterwards descend in contact with the wall
or sides and escape under the bottom substantially as described.
2. In an apparatus for generating steam two or more water vessels situated the
one within the other so that the hot gases shall act first on the inner surface and
then on the outer surface of the innermost vessel and the arrangement being such
that the water space or chamber between the inner and outer walls or sides of that
vessel and which when in use is practically surrounded by heated gases is narrow
or of small section substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
3. The arrangement of a steam generator such as described with a feed water
heater and a forced draught (without chimney) in such a manner that the hot
gases after doing duty in the steam generator are caused to act directly upon the
feed water heater substantially as described.
4. Apparatus for generating steam constructed arranged and operating substan-
tially as described with reference respectively to and shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, in
Fig. 4 and in Fig. 5 of the drawings.