IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, LARIS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER FURPOSES.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bingley, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES,
LARIS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER FURPOSES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bingley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1860.
I, JOHN BINGLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
PRESSES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
To provide against the dangers and inconveniences which arise from the
present ordinary safety valve used in hydraulic presses, owing to its liability to
get fixed to its seat, and its tendency, when open, to allow so much water to
escape as will diminish the pressure below its proper limit, I propose to con-
struct a safety valve on the same principle as the press itself; a small ram-of
any convenient diameter is prepared; it is fitted into a small cylinder or box,
into which it slides through a water-tight collar. This ram is weighted down
to the required pressure, and the cylinder communicates with the pumps or

page_text: press. The motion of the ram of this apparatus, as the pressure is increased,
is communicated through the intervention of rods and levers, or in any other
convenient way to the suction valves of the pumps, a provision being made by
slots in the rods, or other similar well-known contrivances, to allow the pres-
sure to increase to the desired amount before the valve is operated upon. By
this means, when the pressure attains to the desired amount, the rain lifts the
suction valve, of the pump from its seat, and allowing the water or other liquid
'to escape, prevents the pressure from increasing. This entirely prevents any
increase of pressure beyond the fixed amount, and, however long the pump
may continue working, no danger arises of bursting or breaking the press,
because no more water or other liquid can be forced into it. by the pump, as it
is all returned through the open suction valve. All the pressure, however, which
up to this point has been forced into the press, is securely retained to do its
work, and is not, as by the action of the old safety valve, reduced each time it
lifts. As the acting pressure in this construction is not applied to a weighted
valve seated metal on metal as in the old valve, but to a ram working smoothly
through a water-tight collar, there is no possibility of adhesion or other fasten-
ing of the apparatus that might prevent its acting. This form of safety valve
is applicable not only to hydraulic presses, but generally to all cases in which
an undue pressure is to be guarded against. In cases in which there is no
suction valve, or in which the connection of the ram which receives the pressure
would be undesirable, it may be connected with such other valve or outlet as
the circumstances of each case may render most convenient. To obviate the
inconvenience and loss that arises where the same pump works two or more
presses and the pressure is returned from such one or more of those presses as
may be under heavy pressure to the newly charged press or presses under
lighter pressure, I I propose to insert a self-acting valve, for each press opening
towards the press, but shutting towards the pumps, and the communications with
the other presses; this will effectually prevent the heavy pressure.from return-
ing and leaving its work, but will admit the pressure from the pump to the
newly charged, press. As soon as the pressure on the pumps is equalized the
valves will then, allow the fluid to enter all the presses from the pump,, so as to
continue to produce an equal pressure in each press. This valve may be
placed in any convenient situation suited, to, the particular construction of the
press or pump.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bingley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th,
February 1861.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BINGLEY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Bingley, Her special license that I, the said John Bingley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John'
Bingley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at. all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN,
HYDRAULIC PRESSES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Bingley, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
99.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bingley, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
-:
One of the objects of the present Invention of improvements in bydraulic
presses is, first, to provide against the danger and inconvenience which arise
from depending upon the present ordinary safety valve used in hydraulic
presses, owing to its liability to stick or become fixed to its seat, and its ten-
dency, when opened, to allow more water or other fluid to escape than is
necessary, by this means diminishing the actual pressure required for the:
work.
Another object of the Invention is to obviate or provide against the loss and:
inconvenience that now occur when two or more presses are worked by one
pump or set of pumps.. The inconvenience incidental to the present system,

page_text: arises from the force or power which is exerted upon one press (while under
full pressure) escaping into other presses which are not under-full pressure,
thus actually reducing the pressure and undoing the work which has been pre-
viously effected by means of the pump or pumps in the operation of injecting
the water or other fluid into the presses. The above objects are effected "in
the first place by constructing and adapting to the bydraulic apparatus a novel
kind of safety valve.
. In carrying out my, Invention a small, ram or plunger truly turned and
polished, and of a convenient size, is fitted into a cylinder and made to slide
smoothly in and out of it, through a packing consisting of a close collar of
leather or other suitable material. This ram is placed in communication with
the pump or press, or one or more of them, and receives the pressure, of the.
water. It is weighted or held in its place in any convenient manner, either
by means of a spring, or by a pendulous or other lever, or by a weight;, the
particular contrivance to be employed for the-purpose depending upon the, cir-.
cumstances of the particular case. The motion of this.ram or plunger; as the
pressure-increases or diminishes, is communicated through-the-intervention-of
rods, levers, or other contrivances, to the suction valve of the pump, and when.
the pressure bias arrived at the desired point, the apparatus will lift this suction;
valve from its seat, and will entirely prevent any increase of the pressure, but
at the same time it will in no way diminish the force already exerted by the
pump or which exists in the press, as is the case with the present safety valve..
The pressure at which the apparatus is to act is regulated and adjusted by.
means of a set screw or other means, and an index plate and pointer will enable
the attendant to regulate the various parts of the apparatus, so as to cause the
same to act at any pressure desired.
In order to obviate the inconvenience and loss that arise when the same
pump or set of pumps is made to work two or, more presses, and the hydrostatic.
force or pressure is returned from any one or more presses which may be
under heavy pressure and conveyed to the newly charged press or presses.under
lighter pressure, I propose in the second place to adapt a self-acting valve to
each press; this valve will be made to open towards the press, but will shut
towards the pump or pumps and the communications, with the other presses.
This arrangement will effectually prevent the heavy.hydrostatic force or pres-,
sure in the heavily charged press from returning and leaving, its work, but will
allow the pressure from the pump or pumps to be transmitted to and made to
act on the newly charged press. As soon as the force on the presses is equalized,
the.regulating valve will allow the pressure from the pump to act upon all the
presses, so as to continue, if required, to produce an equal pressure in all the
.

page_text: presses. Any of the forms of valves in ordinary use for hydraulic or hydro-
static presses, or other, similar or analogous purposes, would suffice for the
purpose required.
:
"}
. In the accompanying Drawings I have shown one example of the applica-
tion of the first part of these improvements with the improved safety valve.
attached to an ordinary: band-préss pump:.
:: "
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus. taken in the line 1, 2, of 'Fig::2,
which is a horizontal. plan of the same; Fig. 3' is another vertical section taken
in the line 3, 4, of Fig. 2, .and consequently at, right angles to the section;
Fig. 1. The same letters refer throughout to the same parts in all the
Figures.
and so
a is the cistern of the hydraulic pump; b, the pump; and c, the handle or
lever for moving the plunger of the pump; d is a small hydraulic ram or
plunger and cylinder, adapted to the pump cistern to. regulate the pressure.
In the present instance, this ram or plunger, which acts as a kind of safety
valve, is weighted by a pendulous lever e, provided with a weight, but, if pre-
ferred, it may be weighted by springs or other contrivances. The lower part
of the rod of the ram or plunger is provided with a toothed rack which
works in a sector h. A tappet i-is fixed to the lower end of the rack 9,
soon as the pressure in the cylinder & attains the required extent, this tappet i
strikes upon a tappet or arm k. These tappets may be made moveable and
adjustable, so as to cause the pump to "give any desired pressure. The tappet
or arm is mounted on the rod I, which is connected at its lower end to the
lever m, and this lever m is connected to the rod n, which latter rod, when
acted upon, lifts the suction valve o of the pump from its seat, and thereby
effectually prevents the pump from forcing any more water into the press. A
turn-over or tumbling lever, catch, or spring, or other similar contrivance may
be attached to any convenient part of the apparatus, such as to the rod 7, so
that when lifted by the action of the ram or plunger it may be retained in that
position until released by the attendant, when it will be again ready for action.
Without this catch the apparatus will be entirely self-acting, and the parts'
will always return to their original position when the pressure is relieved.
This apparatus or principle of construction of safety apparatus is applicable
not only to hydraulic presses, but to constructing safety apparatus for steam
boilers, and is generally applicable to all cases in which undue pressure is to be
guarded against. In cases where there is no suction valve, or in which the
connection with it and the ram which receives the pressure would be unde-
sirable, it may be connected with such other valve or outlet as the circumstances
of each case may render most convenient.

page_text: Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Hydraulic
Presses, Parts of which are applicable to other Purposes," and having explained:
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured
to me by Letters Patent; as aforesaid, the mode herein set forth of constructing
hydraulic presses, whereby many of the inconvéniences and objections to which
the ordinary construction of hydraulic presses is liable are obviated. I claim:
particularly the use of a small additional hydraulic cylinder and ram or
plunger adapted to some convenient part of the pump, or cistern, or press, so
that it may act as a safety valve, as above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bingley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Signed and sealed by the said John'
Bingley, in the presence of
THOMAS TURNER, Solicitor,
Leeds.
JOHN BINGLEY. (L.S.)
"