IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERING, EMBOSSING, AND OTHER SUCH MACHINES USED FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS,, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRYING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Farmer, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERING,
EMBOSSING, AND OTHER SUCH MACHINES USED FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS,
Me"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Farmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1868.
I, JAMES FARMER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CALENDERING, EMBOSSING, AND OTHER SUCH MACHINES USED FOR FINISHING WOVEN
FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRYING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of conveying the pressure required
in the cylinders of calendering, embossing, or other such machines used for
finishing woven fabrics; for this purpose I use a roller or rollers bearing upon
the said cylinders or their axes, and which are pressed against them by screws,
weights, or other equivalent means.
Secondly, I use a roller or rollers as side supports for such cylinders as
aforesaid.
Thirdly, my. Invention consists in a method of applying packing to the
above-mentioned cylinders and their stands when they are heated by steam,

page_text: the arrangement being also applicable to drying cylinders; for this purpose
I employ two glands placed in the same axial line, the one being pressed
forward by the tightening of the other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Farmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
FARMER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Farmer, Her special license, that I, the said James Farmer,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Farmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALLENDERING
EMBOSSING, AND OTHER SUCH MACHINES USED FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS, PART
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO DRYING MACHINES," upon the con-
dition, amongst others, that I, the said James Farmer, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Farmer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
The first part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the
accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 being a side elevation of a callendering
machine constructed according to my improvements; Fig. 2, a partial view
thereof taken at right angles to Fig. 1; and Fig. 3, a detached view in section,

page_text: capable of being
The rollers g are
showing the method I adopt for admitting steam to one of the cylinders of the
machine when it is to be used in a heated condition, the arrangement used
for illustration being that which is usually called a friction callendar. The
ordinary metal roller is at a, the paper roller at 6, and the bottom iron roller
at c. These rollers, according to the usual method of construction are
mounted upon axes which. run in blocks constituting bearings which are
supported transversely by the framing d'; according to my Invention I cause
the said axes to bear against rollers e, f, g, which are mounted so as to be free
to revolve during the rotation of the axes which they support. In the case
selected for illustration the rollers e are mounted in fixed bearings formed in
the framework d, the rollers f in sliding bearings h,
adjusted and held in any desired position by bolts i.
mounted in a moveable frame k capable of sliding upward and downward in
the main framing d, and this moveable frame k carries the axis of a roller l,
which supports the axis of the usual roller c, and these parts therefore
constantly keep the same relative positions. The lower end of the frame / is
connected to a screw m, turning in a nut at n, which screw passes through
the boss of a toothed wheel o, with which it is caused to revolve by means of
a groove and key. This wheel is supported by a shoulder at p, and is in gear
with another wheel q, mounted upon an upright shaft r. Above the roller a
is a larger roller s bearing upon a boss thereon. The axis of this roller s is
mounted so as to be capable of sliding upward or downward, and is pressed
upon by a levert mounted at one end on a centre u, and carrying at the
other a rod v screwed at its lower end and provided with a pulley handle w.
As the paper roller become worn away, the shaft r is turned so as to move
the frame k upward or downward. This will adjust the roller c, together with
its roller bearings g, and the paper roller 6 (the screws i having been loosened)
will follow either of these movements; after this the pulley handle w is
turned, and thus the top roller s is brought down with any required degree of
pressure, and the machine being put in motion the operation will be conducted
as usual, but instead of the ordinary dead bearings for the axes of the callen-
dering rollers, those axes will revolve against the rollers e, f, g.
.
I have above spoken of the rollers e, f, g, guides, and other parts in the
singular number, but the same arrangements are adapted at the other side of
the machine, as will be perfectly understood by all competent persons.
The next part of my Invention is shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, before referred to,.
and also in the detached view upon an enlarged scale at Fig. 3, the object of
this improvement being a better method of constructing those parts which
admit steam to callendering cylinders when they are required to be heated.

page_text: The axis of the cylinder is shewn at æ, situate in a cross piece y, within which
is a stuffing box z and gland 1. This gland is in communication with a pipe 2
through which steam is allowed to flow, and from thence through the axis & into
the cylinder a. In front of the gland z is a second stuffing box 3 and gland 4,
and this gland being tightened thrusts forward the other, and the steam 5
passages are thus securely packed on either side. The opening 5 is merely
formed for the purpose of adapting an instrument to withdraw the gland 1
when the packing requires renewal.
Another part of my Invention consists in applying the above described steam
junction to drying cylinders, and is shewn at Fig. 4; similar letters of reference 1
being marked upon similar parts to those of Fig. 3, no further description will
be necessary, the only difference being that instead of the cross piece y, the
support for the shaft of the cylinder is the usual hollow pedestal 6.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that I 1
claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly, the adaptation of rollers as side bearings for the axes of callendering,
embossing, and other such machines used for finishing woven fabrics.
Secondly, the application of rollers bearing upon the top and bottom rollers
of such machines as aforesaid, as illustrated at s, l, Fig. 1.
Thirdly, as applied to such machines as aforesaid, the application of a
second gland and stuffing box when steam heat is required in a cylinder.
Fourthly, the application of a second gland and stuffing box to steam-drying
cylinders.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Farmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
S
JAMES FARMER. (L.S.)