Improvements in Valves and Atomizing Apparatus for Hydro-carbon Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1893-Accepted, 29th July, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Valves and Atomizing Apparatus for Hydro-carbon
Engines.
I, BRUCE DRYSDALE, of No. 150 South Third Street, in the City of Philadelphia,
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The following is a Specification of my said invention, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings.
In said drawings,
Figure 1 represents an exterior side elevation of an apparatus embodying my
invention; Figure 2 is a top or plan view thereof; Figure 3 is a vertical central
section, and Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line xx of Figure 3;
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a vertical central section and a top or plan view
of a modified form of the apparatus.
My invention is especially applicable to that class of engines in which a liquid
hydro-carbon, atomized by means of an air blast, is, in the form of vapor, com-
mingled with a secondary or supplemental charge of air and ignited within the
power cylinder.
In engines of this class it is very desirable that the quantity of hydro-carbon
admitted as the basis of each charge should be susceptible of delicate regulation,
and that a corresponding or co-ordinate regulation of the supplemental air charge
should be ensured.
The object of my present invention is to provide a means for automatically
effecting such regulation by devices under the control of a common governing
mechanism, the whole being organized in a most compact form for the combination
with the mixer.
Referring to the type of apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive,
A represents the cylindrical casing of the apparatus, whose lower end is in
immediate proximity to, and communicates with the mixer (not shown in the
drawings) and whose upper end is provided with a cap or cover B, screwed
thereto as indicated in Figure 3. Within the lower portion of the casing A is
a central body T which is supported by means of radial arms t, t, T1, T2, and from
whose centre a tubular standard F, projects vertically upwards axially within the
casing A, forming a guide and support for a piston valve E, which moves longitu-
dinally thereon. Said valve is normally held up against its seat, by means of the
coiled spring G. This seat is preferably situated around the lower edge of the cap B,
which, as the latter is screwed within the top of the casing A, forms an internally
overhanging flange adapted for the purpose.
When the valve E is closed it divides the interior into two chambers E¹, E',
respectively, the lower one of which E, is in constant communication with the
interior of the mixer through the annular passage way N, around the body T. The
upper chamber E' lies within the cap B, and is maintained in constant communication
with the outside air as follows:-
Radial holes care formed through the wall of the cap at suitable intervals,
and a ring B2, pierced with holes b, registering with the holes c, fits snugly but so
as to rotate freely around that part of the periphery of the cap. Said band is
provided with a handle B³, whereby it may be turned into any desired position so
that the openings may be made to register exactly as shown in Figures 1 and 3, or
may be cut off to any desired extent. The openings c, I term the supplemental charge

page_text: inlets, since the air admitted through them constitutes the supplemental charge which
is mixed with the atomized hydro-carbon.
Within the hollow standard F, is closely fitted a longitudinally movable stem D
tapered at its lower end, as shown in Figure 3, and having near its upper end
a horizontal piston D', which has a downwardly depending rim d, normally located
above the supplemental charge inlets c, but capable of cutting off or partially closing
them from within, by its downward movement. This piston I term the supplemental
charge valve.
The upper end D' of the stem D, extends out through a central opening in
the top of the cap B, and terminates in a head D³, to which is attached one arm of
a bell-crank lever R, having its fulcrum upon the arms ", mounted upon the
exterior of the cap. A connecting rod S, pivotted at s on the other arm of the bell
crank R, leads to any suitable governor adapted for this class of engines.
At the bottom of the body T, are atomizing devices for the liquid hydro-carbon,
which are of the character described in Letters Patent of the United States
No. 386,029, dated July 10th 1888. They consist of a pair of nozzles one arranged
within the other, the inner one L, having a central passage for the liquid and
terminating in an inwardly coned orifice m, whilst the other nozzle M' surrounds
the tube L leaving an intermediate annular passage K, and has its inner surface in
the form of a backwardly directed cone, which enters the coned orifice m, so as to
leave a tapering or inclined annular passage converging towards the end of the outer
nozzle M', in line with the passage l, and the exterior surface adjacent to the orifice
is coned or flared, as indicated in Figure 3.
The object of this arrangement is, as described in said Patent, to cause the air
blast conveyed through the annular or outer passage to impinge against the stream of
liquid hydro-carbon issuing from the inner nozzle, so as to measurably retard or
retract said stream, thus effecting a most complete atomizing of the liquid.
In the present instance the inlet for the liquid hydro-carbon is at i, through a
tubular projection 2, arranged tangentially to one side of the casing, and communi-
cating at right angles with the passage l, which extends through the arm T', to the
central cavityf of the hollow vertical standard F. The lower end of said cavity
is enlarged slightly, as shown in Figure 3 and from the bottom thereof the passage l,
leads through the inner nozzle L, before described.
The inlet for the air which is to effect the atomizing of the liquid is at h, in a
second tangential tubular projection H³, arranged at the other side of the casing A
and the inlet passage II formed within the arm T2, but terminating, as shown, some
distance short of the central cavity F. From the inner end of the passage H, a
downwardly extending passage J, leads to an annular chamber j, from which the
annular passage K, before referred to, extends to the inwardly coned outward
nozzle M¹.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:
The liquid to be admitted at the inlet i, and the atomizing air to be admitted at
the inlet h, are both under pressure and are injected constantly, in the proper
relation to the load being carried by the engine, as is usual in the operation of
this class of engines.
Assuming that a charge has just been ignited within the power cylinder and
that under the impulse thus given the power piston, having made its initial forward
stroke, has, on its return stroke, expelled the products of combustion from the
cylinder through the exhaust, a second forward stroke of the piston now commences,
due to the momentum of the fly wheel. This movement of the piston draws into
the cylinder the atomized hydro-carbon and air and creates a partial vacuum in
the chamber E2, thus opening the valve E, and drawing in the supplemental
charge of air through the inlets c.
During the return stroke of the piston the partial vacuum in the chamber E³,
is filled, and the valve E, is closed by the spring G. When the charge has been
compressed by the completion of the return stroke of the power piston it is again
ignited and the operation repeated.

page_text: If the charge is excessive and the governor is thus thrown out of normal
operation by the increase of speed, the pull of the governor rod S, upon the bell-
crank R, shifts the latter so as to depress the stem D, whose lower tapered
portion is in immediate juxtaposition to the inlet passage l, near the lower end of
the cavity f. This downward motion of the stem D, diminishes the area of the
opening through which the hydro-carbon is admitted and thus reduces the amount
which is injected for the next succeeding charge. This simultaneous depression of
the supplemental charge valve throws the downwardly depending flange d thereof
across the upper portion of the supplemental charge inlets c, so as to cut off the
volume of the supplemental charge of air in conformity with the reduction of the
hydro carbon charge.
The movement of the bell crank in the opposite direction by the governor, of
course produces a contrary result, increasing both the hydro carbon charge and
the supplemental air charge. In addition to the automatic control thus main-
tained over the supplemental air charge, the operator can establish any desired
fixed control thereof by means of the band B, which as before stated can be
shifted so as to expose any desired area of the openings c.
The type of apparatus shown in Figures 5 and 6 differs from that just described
in the form and arrangement of the supplemental charge valve, and in the means
whereby it and the stem which controls the hydro carbon charge are actuated.
Those parts of the apparatus which are identical in form and location with the
parts of the structure above specified will not be described in detail, but are
indicated as far as necessary by the use of corresponding letters with the prime
mark "5."
In this device the hollow standard F, is internally threaded as indicated at ƒ³,
and a portion of the stem D is correspondingly threaded to the point where its taper
commences, thus engaging operatively with the standard instead of merely sliding
within it as in the former case. The upward prolongation W, of said stem carries
a mushroom valve U which is provided with a seat u, around the inner periphery
of a ring V, mounted within the upper portion of the body B³, at a point below
the supplemental charge inlets c³. The stem W extends out through the cap of
the casing and is rigidly connected with a lever arm R°, pivotted at to the
connecting rod S³, which is controlled by the governor.
The longitudinal movement of the rod S³, will of course turn the stem D³, in
one direction or the other and the engagement of the thread upon the stem with
the thread upon the fixed standard F, will cause the stem to be shifted longi-
tudiually thus not only increasing or diminishing the area of the inlet for the
hydro-carbon, but (since the supplemental charge valve U, is thereby also moved
towards or from its seat) varying the area of the inlet for the supplemental air
charge in conformity with the variation of the hydro carbon charge.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a casing having supplemental charge inlets: atomizing
devices substantially as set forth; a hydro carbon inlet; a tapered stem adapted
by longitudinal movement to control the area of said hydro carbon inlet; a
supplemental charge valve carried by said stem, and means substantially as set
forth whereby said stem is moved longitudinally in conformity with the movements
of the governor.
2. The combination of the casing having supplemental charge inlets: the
atomizing devices; the body mounted within said casing and provided with internal
passages for the hydro-carbon and for the atomizing air; the vertical hollow
standard carried by said body; the longitudinally movable stem having a tapered
end and adapted to control the area of the hydro-carbon passage within said body;
the spring actuated piston valve mounted upon said standard, the supplemental
charge valve fitting within the upper portion of the casing and controlling the

page_text: lateral openings thereof, and means substantially as set forth whereby said stem is
moved longitudinally in conformity with the movements of the governor.
Dated this 20th day of June 1893.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.