IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS AND OTHER BANDS, CORDS, OR ROPES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leedham Binns, of Grove House, Oakenshaw Low Moor,
near Bradford, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS AND OTHER BANDS, CORDS, OR ROPES."
Sealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 6th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leedham Binns at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1877.
LEEDHAM BINNS, of Grove House, Oakenshaw Low Moor, near Bradford, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS AND OTHER
BANDS, CORDS, OR ROPES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of endless and
other bands, cords, or ropes. For this purpose according to one arrangement I first
make a hank or skein of yarn, or other suitable material, as described in the Speci-
fication of Letters Patent granted to me, dated November 1, 1872, Number 3238,
but instead of wrapping or twisting around the same a covering or protecting cord,
as therein described, I dispense with such covering or protecting material, and
according to my present Invention I twist such hank or skein, and then double it'
so as to cause the two ends thereof to meet either at one end or at the centre or
other part of the length of such double twisted hank or skein, after which it is
again twisted. When meeting at the centre or other part intermediate of the ends
thereof such looped ends of the skein or hank are tied or otherwise secured together
before the second twist is put thereon, and the two ends, which are thus formed with
loops, may be united by metal or other connections, so as to make an endless band,,
as will be well understood. When the ends of the doubled twisted hank or skein
are brought together at one end an endless band may be formed by connecting the
two loops on the one end with the single loop on the other in any convenient
manner. If desired however the hank or skein when twisted may be doubled
more than once, in which case the number of looped ends will be increased in
proportion.
In some cases I first twist the hank or skein, and I then double such twisted
hank or skein at any desired distance from the centre of the length thereof, after'
which I again twist it and then thread or pass the end of the single portion through

page_text: the loop at the other end of the doubled portion, when I tie or otherwise connect
the two single loops together; after which the extra twist of the double twisted
portion runs into the single twisted part, and thus forms an endless band of equal
substance and twist throughout.
I would have it understood that in any case the hank or skein after being
twisted may be doubled more than once, and it may be twisted after each doubling;
or it may be doubled two or more times before putting an extra twist thereon, by
which means a band, cord, or rope may be made composed of any desired numbers
of twisted strands, and either made as an endless band, cord, or rope, or as one
having two looped ends capable of being connected together by a metal or other
connection.
In some cases instead of first forming a hank or skein I take any desired number
of strands of yarn, twist, cord, or other material of any required length, I then
twist it and double or fold it together any desired number of times more than two,
after which I proceed in any of the modes herein-before described to form a band,
cord, or rope, and I sew or otherwise fasten the loose ends into the body thereof,
or connect them together when folded or double and before twisting the second time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Leedham Binns in the Great Seal Patent! Office on the 6th July
1877.
LEEDHAM BINNS, of Grove House, Oakenshaw Low Moor, near Bradford, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS AND OTHER
BANDS, CORDS, OR ROPES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of endless and
other bands, cords, or ropes. For this purpose according to one arrangement I first
make a simple hank of thread, yarn, or other suitable material, as represented at
Figure 1, which may be wound in any convenient manner, as will be readily
understood, but instead of wrapping or twisting a covering or protecting cord
around such hank, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me, dated November First, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, Num-
ber 3238, I dispense with such covering or protecting material, and according to
my present Invention I twist such hank or skein and then double it, so as to
cause the two ends to meet either at one end, as shewn at Figure 2, or at the
centre thereof, as shewn at Figure 4, or at other part of the length of such doubled
twisted hank or skein, after which it is again twisted, but in the contrary direction
to that given in the first twist. When inceting at the centre or other part
intermediate of the ends of the doubled hank such looped ends of the skein or
bank are tied or otherwise secured together before the second twist is put thereon,
and the two ends of the cord, rope, or band, which are thus formed with loops,
as shewn at Figure 5, may be united by metal or other connections, so as to
make an endless band thereof, as will be well understood. When the ends of
the doubled twisted hank or skein are brought together at one end, and the second
twist has been put thereon in a contrary direction to the first twist, so as to
twist the two strands together, a cord, band, or rope is formed of the character
shewn at Figure 3, except that for the purpose of description I have shewn the two
loops at one end, to be opened out away from each other instead of lying close
together, as they would actually be. An endless band may be formed of the cord,
band, or rope, shewn at Figure 3, by connecting the two loops on the one end with
the single. loop on the other in any convenient manner. If desired however the
hank or skein when twisted may be doubled or folded more than once, in which
case the number of looped ends in the finished cord, band, or rope will be increased
in proportion to the number of times the twisted hank is doubled or folded.
At Figure 6 I have represented a twisted hank or skein doubled or foldd, so as

page_text: to form when twisted in the contrary direction to the first twist a cord, rope, or
band with three twisted strands therein, such band, cord, or rope, which is repre-
sented at Figure 7, having at each end thereof one large and one small loop, and
by connecting the two loops at the one end with those at the other in any convenient
manner an endless band, cord, or rope may be made.
In some cases I first twist a hank or skein as before stated, and I then double
such twisted hank or skein at any convenient distance from the centre of the
length thereof, as shewn at Figure 8; after which I again twist it, but in the
contrary direction to the first twist, taking care to put more twist therein than is
required for the finished article; and I then thread or pass the end a of the single
portion through the loop 6 at the other end of the doubled portion, as shewn at
Figure 9, when I tie or otherwise connect the two single loops a, c, together, after
which the extra twist of the double twisted portion will run into the single twisted
part, and thus form an endless band of nearly equal substance and twist throughout,
as shewn at Figure 10.
When it is desired to form the looped ends of a band, cord, or rope stronger than
the other part thereof, I, in some cases, as shewn at Figures 11 and 12, employ
small hanks or skeins d of different material to that required for the remainder
of the cord, band, or rope. These small banks or skeins may form only a portion
of the substance of the cord, band, or rope at the ends thereof, as shown at
Figure 11, or they may entirely form the ends thereof, as shewn at Figure 12.
In preparing a bank or skein similar to that shown at Figure 11, I proceed as
follows: I employ three hooks placed at 1, 2, 3, and I take any desired number of
strands from a bobbin or other source of supply near No. 1 hook, and carry such
strands towards hook No. 2, when I loop around such strands one of the small
hanks or skeins d, and pass the two looped ends of such small hank or skein on to
No. 2 hook, I then take the strands around No. 1 hook, and towards No. 3'
hook, when I loop around such strands the other small hank or skein, the looped
ends of which I pass around No. 3 hook, I then pass the strands around No. 1 hook,
and thence around No. 2 hook, when I return with the strands around No. 1 hook,
and then pass them around No. 3 hook, and so on until the desired substance of
hank is formed, when I tie the ends of the strands together and proceed in the
manner herein-before described to twist such hank or skein first in one direction,
and then when doubled I twist it in the contrary direction.
According to the arrangement shown at Figure 12, the main hank or skein is first
formed, and the small hanks d are afterwards passed through the looped ends of
the main hank, and the cord, band, or rope is completed as before described. If
desired, a number of small hanks or skeins of different materials or colors may be
connected or looped together in a similar manner to form any desired length of
band, cord, or rope, which is completed in the manner before described, by which
means I obtain various ornamental effects.
Instead of employing small banks or skeins, as described with respect to Figure
11, for the ends, small endless bands may be used for such purpose, which may be.
made by tying the two ends of a piece of cord or rope together or otherwise, as
desired. Or a band, cord, or rope may be formed with its ends of different
materials from the main part thereof by taking a single strand of material for the main
part, and a single strand of other material for each end. In this case I use two
hooks at the distance apart required for the length of the hank, and two pins
placed at any desired distance from such hooks. I take a strand of material,
say No. 1 strand, intended for the main portion of the band, cord, or rope,
and pass it around, first one pin, and then the other, interlooping therewith at
each traverse the material required for the ends, which is continually caused to
traverse around the pin, and hook at each end. When a bank or skein has been
thus formed, the loose ends are fastened off, and the pins are removed, after which
the hank or skein may be formed into a cord, band, or rope in any of the modes
herein-before described.
Another mode of making a band, cord, or rope with looped ends is to take two

page_text: hanks or skeins, as shewn at Figure 13, and place them side by side, the two left-
band ends being placed each on a separate hook g, and the two right-hand ends
being both placed on a single hook h. Rotary motion is then given to the hooks g
so as to twist each hank separately; then when a certain amount of twist has been
put in, the hook h is caused to rotate so as to twist the two twisted hanks together
in a contrary direction to the first twist, after which the looped ends may be con-
nected in any suitable manner so as to form an endless band, cord, or rope. If
desired, the cord, band, or rope thus formed may be again doubled and twisted, in
which case I place both the left-hand loops on one hook g, and remove the right-
hand loops from the hook h, and after passing the cord, band, or rope around a hook i,
I place these latter loops on the other hook g, when I proceed to twist the two
strands separately in one direction, and then to twist them together in the contrary
direction.
I would have it understood that in any case the bank or skein, after being
twisted, may be doubled more than once, and it may be twisted after each doubling,
or it may be doubled two or more times before putting an extra twist thereon, by
which means a band, cord, or rope may be made composed of any desired number of
twisted strands, and either made as an endless band, cord, or rope, or as one having
two looped ends capable of being connected together by a metal or other connection,
or of being used for various purposes.
In some cases, instead of first forming a hank or skein, I take any desired
number of strands of yarn, twist, cord, or other material of any required length,
and twist them together, I then double or fold these twisted strands any desired
number of times, as shewn at Figure 14, after which I proceed in any of the modes
herein-before described to form thereof a band, cord, or rope, and I sew or otherwise
fasten the loose ends into the body thereof, or connect them together when folded
or doubled, and before twisting them the second time.
I would here remark that when twisting the doubled twisted hank or skein the
second time, according to the plans shown at Figures 2, 3, 11, 12, 13, I continue to
put in the first twisting until the band, cord, or rope is finished, whereby I obtain a
firmer twist thereto, and in making such descriptions of bands, cords, or ropes I
prefer to employ machinery or apparatus of the character described in a Provisional
Specification filed by me on the Second day of June last, No. 2159, but they can
be made by means of hooks on which the skeins may be formed or placed, after
which rotary motion may be given to the hooks by hand or otherwise to put the
twist in, as herein-before described.
By my present Invention I am enabled to make a twisted band, cord, or rope
with looped ends in the process of manufacture without the necessity of forming the
looped ends by splicing or otherwise after the band, cord, or rope has been made,
and I am also enabled to make endless twisted bands, cords, or ropes in the process
of manufacture without any projecting knot or loose ends.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode in which I
carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is, making
endless and other twisted bands, cords, or ropes in manner substantially as herein
shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leedham Binns, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven
LEEDHAM BINNS. (L.S.)