Improvements connected with the Insulation of Electrical Conductors.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 16th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with the Insulation of Electrical
Conductors.
ERNEST PAYNE Hatchlands, Cuckfield, Sussex, Electrical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to Improvements connected with the Insulation of Electrical
Conductors when they are placed in tubes or tubular casings and insulated
principally by means of insulators fixed along these conductors at intervals.
I usually employ bare conductors or for some classes of work conductors covered
with a thin layer of insulating and protecting material.
My invention relates chiefly to the forms of insulators to be used where curves
or bends occur in the conductors, or where joints occur in the tubes or hollow
casings in which the conductors may be enclosed. These insulators are not usually
fixed to the conductors before they are placed in the tubes or tubular casings
but can be inserted where required so as to prevent the conductors from touching
the tubes or from touching one another if there should be more than one.
I make the insulators to fit inside the tubes and with one or more deep grooves
along which the conductors will lie when the insulator is inserted into the end
of a tube, or a jointing piece or box.
Where the ends of two or more tubes are not jointed by means of jointing pieces
made of cast or stamped metal or of junction boxes fitted over the ends of the
tubes, I sometimes make the insulators in parts so that they can be put on inside
the joint and of such shape as to cover the conductors where they pass from one
tube to the other.
And I also make the insulators with projecting pieces so as to fit inside the
ends of the tubes where they meet and in this case the insulators are made
preferably in two parts so that they can be placed on the conductors where they
are not protected by the tubes, the ends of the tubes being pushed on to the
projecting pieces above mentioned so as to hold the parts firmly together.
usually make these insulators so that two, three or more parts are used
respectively for L. T, or other joints in the conductors and tubes enclosing them.
Suitable grooves in most cases are made on the inside of these insulating jointing
pieces so as to keep the conductors in position or prevent them from touching one
another if there is more than one.
Dated this 15th day of June 1893.
ERNEST PAINE.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with the Insulation of Electrical
Conductors.
ERNEST PAYNE, Hatchlands, Cuckfield, Sussex, Electrical Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to Improvements connected with the Insulation of Electric
Conductors when they are placed in tubes or in tubular casings, and especially to

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the forms of insulators or insulating blocks to be used where joints occur in the
tubes or casings above mentioned. These jointing blocks are made of insulating
material and may be used in connection with bare conductors or covered wires and
cables and in connection with tubes or tubular casings of any suitable material.
These insulating blocks are most useful when employed in connection with con-
ductors that are covered only with thin insulation, or in connection with bare
conductors insulated by means of insulators at intervals. These blocks form
suitable junctions for the tubes or tubular casings, and, where bends occur they
prevent the conductors from coming in contact with the said tubes or casings.
These blocks are usually made of glazed earthenware, slate vulcanized fibre or
other insulating material and usually in two or more parts so that they may be
placed on or around the conductor or conductors at any required place, without
breaking the conductor. The blocks are provided with grooves or channels on the
inside, of suitable shape, along which the conductors can pass, so as to prevent
them from coming in contact with one another, where there are more than one, or
from coming in contact with the tubes enclosing them.
If
The blocks are usually made with projecting portions that fit inside the tubes or
tubular casings, and are thus held together without any other fastening.
necessary they may be provided with bands or straps of suitable material to
hold the parts together more securely; one or more of the parts of the blocks may
have suitable holes through which screws or nails may be passed for fixing the
blocks to the ceilings or walls of a building.
The form of block used for straight joints or junctions is shown in Figures 1, 2, 3
and 4. The form suitable for angles or bends is shown in Figures 5 and 6 and for
three-way joints in Figure 9. Figure 1 shows a block made in two parts A and B,
with projecting portions fitted into the ends of two tubes T, T. Figure 2 shows
an end view of these blocks with grooves for two conductors, sections of which are
indicated at E, F. The two parts of the jointing block are shown in Figure 3 with
a hole in one part, H, for nails or screws as above described; Figure 4 shows a
plan of one of the parts seen from inside. The insulating block shown in Figures 5
and 6 is made in two parts I and K, the line of division between the two parts is
indicated at M L Figure 5. The three-way jointing block shown in Figure 9 is
composed of one straight part O, similar to A. and B Figure 1, and two angular
parts N and P, similar to K Figure 5.
A section of a jointing block to be used with strips or ribbons of conducting
metal is shown in Figure 7, and a section of a block with three grooves for wires is
shown in Figure 8, two wires are shown in the central groove and one in each of
the outer grooves.
The blocks are usually divided horizontally but in some cases they may, if
necessary, be divided vertically when the form of the conductor and of the block
is suitable, a section of such a block is shown in Figure 10 with a strip-conductor S.
If necessary these jointing blocks may be made partly of metal in which case
the metal forms a shell or casing for the insulating material.
The shell or casing may be of cast or of stamped metal fitting more or less
closely round the insulating material. The insulating material may also be poured
into the metal shell in a fluid condition or fixed by means of pressure; the outward
form of the blocks thus constructed will be similar to those shown in Figures 3, 4, 5
and 6, the tubes will fit over the projecting portions and the conducting wires or
strips will lie in grooves as shown in the figures. The insulating material in this
case may be composed of any suitable compound, such as rubber, wax, plaster or
cement, a non-inflammable material being preferable.
These jointing blocks when made of insulating material form a convenient
method of breaking the metallic continuity of the tubes enclosing the conductors,
if such is desired. So that if an "earth" is caused by contact between the wires
or strips and the tubes enclosing them, the "earth" is confined to the section in
which it occurs.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a system of electric conductors the combination of insulating jointing
blocks made in two or more parts fitting over or around the conductors and
provided with projecting portions fitting inside the ends of tubes or tubular casings
enclosing the conductors substantially as described with reference to the accom-
panying figures.
Dated this 9th day of March 1901.