IMPROVEMENTS IN CUSPADORES AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugene Alphonse Heath, of the City of New
York, State of New York, in the United States of America, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUSPADORES AND IN THE MEANS OR
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
"
Sealed the 1st September 1871, and dated the 15th July 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Eugene Alphonse Heath
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 15th July 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ErGENE
ALPHONSE HEATH, of the City of New York, State of New York,
in the United States of America, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CUSPADORES AND IN THE MEANS OR METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAKF,"
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and

page_text: have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and true Inventor
thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Eugene Alphonse Heath, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention and t
in what manner the same is to be performed.
The first part of the Invention relates to a cuspadore made plain,
but heavier at the base than at the top so that it will right itself when
overturned.
The following is a description of what I consider the best manner of
carrying this part of the Invention into effect.
The accompanying Drawings form a part of this Specification.
Figure 1 is a vertical section showing the construction in its proper
position; and Figure 2 a double view, the strong lines being a section in
an upset or overturned position, and the dotted lines an elevation in its
upright position. Similar letters indicate like parts in both these Figures.
I form separately three metallic parts and unite them after suitablo
preparation tightly and strongly by soldering.
The lowermost A is of cast iron, thick at the extreme bottom and
thinner towards the top. Its upper edge is rebated and nicely finished
to receive the lower edge of the sheet metal part B and form a flush
exterior surface therewith as shown; B is a piece of sheet iron pressed
in a Grimshaw press or otherwise formed in the proper dome shape, and
of exactly the proper diameter, and with a vertical flange at its upper
edge as shown; C is a conical piece which may be similarly formed
into shape. Its lower edge has a flange which matches closely inside
the flanged upper edge of B, and its upper edge is turned over by the
ordinary tin smith's tools, or otherwise, and made to embrace a wire
ring D to stiffen it, the construction of which is obvious. On soldering
the several joints smoothly, and properly decorating the surfaces, there
results a metallic cuspadore, not liable to fracture, and lighter than
ordinary cuspadores on its upper side and much heavier than ordinary
cuspadores on its lower side.
One of the important ends attained by my Invention is extraordinary
stability. If the cuspadore is upset by any chance and caused to lic
for a time in the position indicated by the strong lines in Figure 2, the
excess of weight in its base, taken in connection with its form, causes

page_text: it to return again of itself to its proper upright position as soon as
the disturbing cause is removed. I have shown the interior as formed
with an off-sct, below which it is materially thicker than above and
prefer to so cast it. The upper portions may be formed with some
success by spinning suitable thin brass. The junctions of the several
parts may be further secured by causing one part to cling upon a bead
in addition to the soldering. In some cases rivets or the like ordinary
or suitable fastenings may be employed.
The second part of the Invention relates to a compound construction
possessing analogous properties. To carry this into effect I make the
cuspadore principally of papier maché, vulcanized rubber, or analogous
non-metallic material, giving it a swelled form a little above the base,
and load the base with a mass of iron, lead, or analogous heavy material
which strengthens the base and also causes it to right itself when over-
turned.
The following is a description of what I consider the best means of
carrying out this part of the Invention referring to the Drawing.
Figure 3 is a central vertical section of the whole cuspadore as made
according to this part of the Invention, and Figures 4 and 5 are sectional
views of certain portions; Figure 4 shows the heavy mass or plate of
heavy material in the base represented as detached from the lighter
material. And Figure 5 is a section through the bottom showing clearly
the means which I employ to hold up the heavy mass while the other
material is soft. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all these Figures.
M is india-rubber or analogous gum, either alone or in its ordinary
or suitable compounds. It is formed in the shape represented by
moulding or other ordinary or suitable manner, and made to enclose in
its thickened base a large plate of lead, cast iron, or analogous heavy
material marked N. This heavy material is prepared in the proper form
by moulding or otherwise, and is treated by saturating the surface with
india-rubber or otherwise, so as to afford as great an affinity as possible
by which it may adhere to the india-rubber outside. As a means of
insuring a permanent union I perforate the mass N with numerous
holes, through which the plastic material M flows and unites the layers
on the upper and lower sides. The material N is intended to remain
permanently embedded in the material M without exposing any of the

page_text: material N, either on the upper or lower surfaces of the material M.
In all washings or other treatment of the cuspadore it may be treated
in all respects as if. formed entirely of the surface material M, but it will
be found to possess novel qualities by reason of the increased strength
and stiffness of its base due to the embedded plate N, and particularly
to be so greatly loaded at the base by reason of this imbedded material,
that it will instantly right itself when overturned. This self-righting
property is due partly to the loaded base and partly to the form. I
esteem both these qualities essential. I propose to make the upper
portion and the surfaces of the bottom part, or, in other words, the main
body of the structure of papier maché or various other materials in place
of vulcanized rubber if preferred. When vulcanized rubber or gutta
percha is used the moulds, in which it is vulcanized must of course be
adapted in form to the form of the cuspadore. To facilitate the holding
of the heavy mass N in its proper position in the interior of the mass M,
while the latter is in a soft condition, I propose to provide it with a
bottom of the soft material M, previously hardened before placing it in
the mould to receive the remainder of the material M. This previously
bottoming may extend over the entire base of the piece N or only over
certain points in the manner of legs. The latter condition is preferable
for some reasons and is shown in Figures 4 and 5 by the parts marked m.
Means should be adopted in such case to induce as intimate a union as
may be between the old or previously hardened material M on the
bottom, and the newly applied material which is added afterwards in the
mould. The material M should be a unit or as nearly so as possible

page_text: material imbedded in the base and adapted to serve therewith in the
manner and for the purposes herein-specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eugene Alphonse Heath, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of
June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
EUGENE ALPHONSE HEATH. (L.8.)
Witness,
THOMAS DREW STETSON,
Patent Agent,
New York.