Iк-、 PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF LAND AND MARINE ' STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, for the Invention of "Iк-、
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF LAND AND MARINE '
STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES."
Sealed the 5th June 1874, and dated the 11th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Demetrius -
Spartali at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th December 1873.
I, NICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of.
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF LAND ;
AND MARINE STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the construction and arrangement of steam boilers, more
especially marine boilers intended for the production of high-pressure.
steam, the air spaces within the furnaces (including the cubical
contents of fire-space, ash-pit, fire-tubes, and chimney) have not been
made sufficiently large in proportion to the amount of fuel to be con- .

page_text: sumed, thus instead of 12 cubic feet air space to 1lb. of coal being
obtained, as in some cases, I have found only 1 cubic foot air space to
2 pounds of coal. To this deficiency of air space and to the amount of
suction and draught obtained (which is at times greatly in excess of the
requirements for the perfect combustion of the fuel, and at other times
altogether wanting), coupled with imperfect firing of the furnaces, is due
a material loss of the heating power of the fuel consumed.
As an improvement in the construction of the furnaces of steam
boilers I greatly enlarge the air capacity of the furnaces by the means
herein-after described, and I so regulate the supply of air and the escape
of the products of combustion as to retain a large portion of the heat
generated within the furnace, and also by the introduction of silicious or
equivalent fuel; and by mingling a larger quantity of atmospheric air
with the products of combustion I obtain a more perfect combustion
than heretofore, and an intense heat with a smaller consumption of coal
fuel.
In arranging the boilers of stationary engines according to my
Invention I propose to place a group of three or more in a fire-chamber
composed of brick or other suitable material, enclosing them partially
or wholly therein.
The form of boiler I employ by preference is of the cylindrical and
tubular class, and of moderate capacity. These cylindrical boilers are
to be severally provided with internal fire-grates, the flame and heated
gases from which pass through fire-tubes into the fire-chamber
common to the whole number or set. This chamber I heat from one or
more furnaces which may be arranged in front of the furnace, or at the
side, or at both ends, and I arrange suitable openings in the walls or
roof of the chamber for the introduction of air or metallic fuel, and I
provide for checking the draught by the use of a perforated damper at
the chimney end of the chamber. This chamber may be so formed as to
end in a cone, and the area of the chimney may be greatly reduced in
proportion to the fire-grate surface, so that when the fires are well
lighted and the chamber is filled with the products of combustion they
may be caused to circulate or eddy within the said chamber until they
are entirely consumed, the heat being thus reverberated upon and around
the partially or wholly enclosed boilers.
In applying my Invention to marine boilers of the ordinary con-
struction I propose to enlarge the combustion chambers and to form

page_text: suitable openings into them for the admission of air, or metallic fuel, and
to form other chambers intermediate of the fire-grate and the chimney
similarly provided with means for supplying them air or fuel, and
also, as in the former instance, restricting the draught, thereby causing
the products of combustion to be retained within the said chambers and
aid in maintaining the incandescence and complete the consumption of
the coal or coke.
When new marine boilers are to be constructed I prefer to make
them cylindrical, and provide them with two, three, or more internal
flues containing fire-grates and perforated flat metal surfaces in advance
thereof for the reception of metallic or kindred fuel, leaving below the
grate (and also when desired through the outer case of the boiler) air
passages into the combustion chambers.
The fire-tubes with which the upper portion of the boiler is fitted may
terminate in a cone-ended fire or combustion chamber, or the firc-tubes
may be divided transversely by a coned combustion chamber to ensure a
perfect combustion of the gases and fuel.
I also arrange the steam chamber within an enclosed space and cause
a portion of the heated gases to circulate around the same in their
passage to the chimney so as to superheat the steam.
In some cases I propose to set two boilers end to end and thus to
allow the fire from one boiler to heat the other.
For this purpose I
cone the ends of the flues of each furnace and bring them together and
allow the flame and heated gases to pass from one boiler to another.
Provision may be made for carrying off the incombustible gases by
connecting the fire-chamber of the annexed boiler with the chimney.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali,
Her special licence that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, mý
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE-
MENT OF LAND AND MARINE STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, (that
is to say):
Hitherto in the construction and arrangement of steam boilers, more
especially marine boilers intended for the production of high-pressure
steam, the air spaces within the furnaces (including the cubical contents
of fire-space, ash-pit, fire-tubes, and chimney) have not been made
sufficiently large in proportion to the amount of fuel to be consumed;
thus instead of twelve cubic feet air space to one pound of coal being
obtained, as in some cases, I have found only one cubic foot air space to
two and a half pounds of coal. To this deficiency of air space and to the
amount of suction and draught obtained (which is at times greatly in
excess of the requirements for the perfect combustion of the fuel, and at
other times altogether wanting) coupled with imperfect firing of the

page_text: A, A, A, are the boilers fitted with internal fire-places B and tubular
flues B¹. These boilers are mounted in one common fire-chamber C, C,
which is heated by three fires C¹. The gases of combustion from the
fires pass off by the chimney D. This chimney is fitted with a perforated
sliding damper d for checking the exit of the gases and causing the
flames and gases from the fires B and C¹ to commingle.
The boilers A severally connect at their upper part by pipes A" with a
steam chamber E composed of longitudinal and transverse tubes, and
fitted with a central steam dome E¹. This steam chamber is enclosed in
a superheating chamber F which connects with the fire-chamber C by
openings commanded by sliding doors f, and by means of an opening f¹
commanded by a damper. The gases of combustion admitted to the
chamber F are allowed to escape into the chimney. G is a water space
external of the fire-chamber C and intended to receive the feed water
prior to its admission to the boilers.
A somewhat similar arrangement of compound boiler is shown in the
transverse and longitudinal sections, Figures 3 and 4, the chief differences
being in the arrangement of the steam chamber E, which is composed of
two main transverse tubes connected together by short lateral tubes, and
each being provided with a steam dome. The fire-chamber is in this
case provided with two fire-places only. As the same reference letters
are used in all the Figures in Sheet I., no further description will be
required.
In applying my Invention to marine boilers of the ordinary con-
struction I propose to enlarge the combustion chambers and to form
suitable openings into them for the admission of air or metallic fuel, and
to form other chambers intermediate of the fire-grate and the chimney
similarly provided with means for supplying them with air or fuel, and
also, as in the former instance, restricting the draught, thereby causing
the products of combustion to be retained within the said chambers and
aid in maintaining the incandescence and complete the consumption of
the coal or coke.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings Fig. 1 shows in central longitudinal
section a novel arrangement of marine boiler, and Fig. 2 is a transverse
section of the same taken in the line of 1, 2, of Fig. 1.
A is the shell or water space of the boiler, and A³ is the steam chamber.
Within the shell A are fitted three cylindrical fire-chambers B which
severally open into a combustion chamber C, above which is situated a

page_text: chimney C¹ capable of being closed by a sliding damper c. Above these
fire-chambers B is a fire-chamber D communicating through the water
space by means of tubular flues E with the combustion chamber C.
Situate above the fire-chamber D is a chimney D¹ fitted with a sliding
damper d for closing the chimney at pleasure. F is a horizontal water
space serving to divide the tubular flues into two groups, and on the
same plan with this dividing water space is a slide F¹ for dividing at
pleasure the fire-chamber D horizontally into two parts. All the fire-
chambers are fitted, as shewn at Fig. 3, with a fire-door a for supplying
fuel to the fire-bars, and with folding doors b for giving access to the
space below the grate. The doors 6 of the fire-places B are formed so as
to admit blast pipes G which will supply compressed air to the fires. A
branch G¹ from such pipes (see Fig. 1) is intended to throw jets of air
on to the under side of the fire-bars, a kind of gridiron termination being
provided for that purpose. The ash-pit of the central fire-place B is
fitted with a slide valve H for admitting air when required to the fire,
and beyond the fire-bars a grating I is fitted to receive slag or metallic
fuel which will absorb heat from the passing flames and present an
incandescent surface to the smoke and gases passing over it. Air is
admitted below this grating through the sides or end of the boiler so as
to keep the mass of fuel supplied thereto at a bright heat.
The course of the flame and heated gases through the boiler will
be as follows:-Supposing the slide F¹ to be open, the damper d to
be closed, and the damper c to be open, the gases of combustion
will pass from the fire-places B to the combustion chamber C, and
entering the flues E will be led to the intermediate fire-chamber D,
where mingling with the flames of the fire in that chamber the com-
bustible gases brought over will be consumed. The combined products
of all the fire-chambers will then return by the upper group of fire-tubes
to the back of the boiler, and they will then escape at a comparatively
low temperature by the chimney C¹. Before however the gases are thus
enabled to circulate through the boiler it will be requisite to get up
the heat of the intermediate fire-chamber, and for this purpose the
chimney D¹ should be brought into use. For greater economy of heat I
propose in some cases to fit this boiler with an arrangement of water
tubes as indicated by the red lines in Fig. 1. In that case I provide an
additional fire-grate, supplying it with fuel through an opening made in
the end of the boiler as indicated by the red lines.

page_text: In Sheet III. of the Drawings Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section a
tubular flue boiler A terminating in a cone-ended fire or combustion
chamber B, the tubular flue C being divided transversely with a coned
combustion chamber E. This arrangement will ensure a perfect com-
bustion of the fuel and gases as air may be admitted in any regulated
quantity to the intermediate fire-chamber E.
Fig. 1 is a modification of Fig. 1, the second division of tubular flues
being displaced by an enlargement and longitudinal extension of the
combustion chamber E. This extension is shewn at F as terminating in
an upturned shaft F¹, and it is also provided with lateral extensions F
which serve to increase the heating surface in contact with the water in
the boiler.
Fig. 2 shows the steam chamber B of a boiler A contained within an
enclosed space into which the heated gases are passed on their way to
the chimney, as indicated by the arrows. Thus a circulation of heat is
kept up around the steam chamber and the steam is thereby super-
heated.
In some cases I propose to set two boilers end to end and thus to form
a twin boiler and furnace which will allow of the fire of the one boiler
heating the other. For this purpose I cone the ends of the flues of each s
furnace and bring them together, and allow the flame and heated gases
to pass from one boiler to the other.
Provision may be made for carrying off the incombustible gases by
connecting the fire-chambers of the annexed boiler with a common
chimney. An arrangement of this kind is shown in the longitudinal
section, Fig. 3, where A, A, are two furnaces connected together by
coned ends A¹, A³, at the junction of which rises a chimney B. These
twin furnaces are each provided with a fire-place as at C, and the flames
are deflected by a dip in the roof of the furnace so as to make them pass
into the combustion chamber D of the boiler E, and thence through the
flues of the boiler as well as around the boiler. F are the steam
chambers, and G is a water jacket in which the supply water is heated.
Figures 4 and 5 show a single boiler and furnace of the same con-
struction as that shewn at Fig. 3, but surrounded at its sides and rear
end with a feed water jacket. In some cases I propose to make this
feed water jacket serve for the walls of the furnace and constitute a

page_text: material portion of the boiler. This arrangement is shown in sectional
plan at Fig. 6, and in cross section at Fig. 7.
Figures 8 and 9 show a single form of cylindrical boiler in which I
obtain a greatly enlarged air capacity for the furnace. Fig. 8 is a
longitudinal section, and Fig. 9 is a transverse section of the same.
Below the fire-place A and leading to the combustion chamber B is a
large cylindrical air passage C, which may be used not only for supplying
air to the fire-place, but also to the combustion chamber, and for keeping
up a circulation of the gases of combustion from the combustion
chamber B back to the fire-place A, and thence through the tubular
flues D to the combustion chamber, thereby ensuring a complete con-
sumption and utilization of the fuel.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of “ 'Improvements
in the Construction and Arrangement of Land and Marine Steam Boilers
and Furnaces," and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim, the means above described with reference to
the Drawings, whereby I am enabled to economise the heat generated
in steam boiler furnaces.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.