IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR BURNING OR BAKING BRICKS, TILES, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF PLASTIC MATERIAL AND LIME." PLASTIC MATERIAL and LIME.”
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Edmonston Core, of Halifax, in the County
of York, Contractor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS
OR OVENS FOR BURNING OR BAKING BRICKS, TILES, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF
PLASTIC MATERIAL AND LIME."
PLASTIC MATERIAL and LIME.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edmonston
Core at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th February 1870.
I, JAMES EDMONSTON CORE, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR BURNING OR BAKING BRICKS, TILES,
OR OTHER ARTICLES OF PLASTIC MATERIAL AND LIME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing and arranging a number or a
series of kilns or ovens side by side in two rows end to end, but with a
passage or space betwixt the said rows or back ends of said kilns. The
lower part of the said passage is provided with an endless travelling belt
to convey the brick forms, tiles, or other articles to be burnt or baked to
a convenient place for charging the kilns therewith, openings being made
from it to each kiln, capable of being closed by suitable dampers when
charged and opened for recharging. The upper part of the space
is divided from the lower, and forms a smoke flue having openings

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Edmonston Core in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 24th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EDMONSTON CORE, of Halifax, in the County of York, Contractor,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Jamies Edmonston Core, Her special
licence that I, the said James Edmonston Core, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Edmonston
Core, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at. any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR OVENS FOR BURNING OR BAKING BRICKS, TILES, OR
OTHER ARTICLES OF PLASTIC MATERIAL AND LIME," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Edmonston Core, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Edmonston Core, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, and accompanying Sheets of Drawings
(that is to say):
:-
This Invention consists in constructing and arranging a number or
a series of kilns or ovens side by side in two rows end to end, but
with a passage or space betwixt the said rows or back end of said
kilns. The lower part of the said passage is provided with an endless
travelling belt to convey the brick forms, tiles, or other articles to be
burnt or baked to a convenient place or places for charging the kilns
therewith, openings being made from it to each kiln capable of being
closed by suitable dampers when charged and opened for recharging.
The upper part of the space is divided from the lower and forms a smoke
flue having openings to each kiln, capable of being closed or opened by
dampers as and when required.
I provide one fire-place or furnace (by preference at one end of the
series), and I form flues from thence under the floors of each row of
kilns with a series of openings therefrom to each kiln, which are also
capable of being closed or opened by means of suitable dampers when
required. There are also openings from one kiln to another adjoining
kiln, which are provided with dampers for closing or opening them when
required.
I also provide openings to each kiln externally for discharging the
burnt or baked bricks, tiles, or other articles, which openings I either close
with dampers lined with fire-brick or wall them up in the usual manner
of closing ordinary kilns.
When using these kilns for lime burning I form openings in the top
part of each kilu through which to introduce the limestone, in which

page_text: case I do not require the passage and endless travelling belt with the
openings to the kilns therefrom for charging them.
.
This Invention will be readily understood by reference to the accom-
panying two Sheets of Drawings of a series of ten kilns or ovens
constructed in two rows of five each arranged back to back in accordance
with the said Invention.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal and vertical section through one row; Fig. 2
is part of the front elevation; Fig. 3 is a cross section through both
rows; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section or ground plan above the floors of
the kilns; and Fig. 5 is also a plan below the floors of the same.
A to A are the several kilns or ovens; B is the lower part of the
passage or space betwixt the two rows at their back ends; C is the
endless travelling belt, (a side elevation of which is shewn at Fig. 6),
this belt I make of metal, but any other material that will bear the heat
may be used; D¹ to D¹ are openings from the passage B to the kilns,
each opening being provided with a damper having a rod E passing
through the top of the kiln to enable the said dampers being opened or
closed by the attendant when required; F is the smoke flue having
openings G¹ to G from the kilns for conducting the smoke to the
chimney, each opening being provided with a damper having a rod H
passing through the top of the kiln so as to be operated by the attendant
when required; I is the fire-place or furnace of ordinary construction,
and J are the flues for conducting the products of combustion therefrom
to the kilns or ovens; K' to K, are series of openings therefrom
to each kiln, each series being provided with an equal number of
dampers L' to L", connected by a rod passing through to the outside
of the kiln by which they can be operated; M¹ to M are series of
openings from one kiln to another, each series being provided with
dampers N and rods N¹ similar to the former named dampers and rods to
be used for opening or closing them when required. A series of these
dampers are shewn separately at Fig. 7. and a side view of one of them
on a larger scale is shewn at Fig. 8. They are made of fire-clay and
connected in the series by the rod or bolt by which they are operated
passing through the series, as shewn.
The mode of operating or working these kilns or ovens is as follows :-
Suppose the kiln A' is to be charged with brick forms, tiles, or other

page_text: articles to be burnt or baked, they are placed upon the travelling belt
at a part or place where it extends outside the kilns, by which belt they
are carried forward along the passage until they arrive at the opening
of that kiln A¹ within which the attendant stands and takes them off
from the belt as they arrive and places them in the said kiln, wherein
they are piled in the usual manner. Then suppose A2, A3, and A' are
also charged in like manner, and the openings D¹, D, D³, D', to the
passage Bare then closed, and also suppose the external openings R', R²,
Rs, and R are closed either by walling up with brick in the usual way
or by means of slide door S lined inside with fire brick and the sides made.
good with clay. Also supposing that all the dampers are now closed,
then the series of damper L' must be opened or removed from over the
openings K¹ and the dampers N', N³, and N³, removed from the openings
M³, M³, and M³, also the damper of the opening G* must be lifted or a
passage opened to the flue F, when the heat or products of combustion
from the furnace will pass through into the said kiln A', and permeating
amongst or passing through the spaces betwixt the brick forms or other
articles therein will thence pass through the openings M¹ into kiln A³,
and amongst the bricks therein, thence through the openings M² into A³,
and in like manner amongst the bricks therein thence through the
openings M³ into Aª, from which the residue of heat (if any) and smoke or
other products of combustion will pass out into the smoke flue F, and
thereby be conducted to the chimney, which may be placed in any con-
venient position in relation to the kilns. While the heat is thus acting
upon the bricks or other articles in this series of four kilns the next kiln A³
is under process of being charged, and when the articles in the kiln A¹
are sufficiently burnt the damper L' must be closed over the openings K¹,
and the damper L² opened or removed from the openings K², the
damper N removed from over the openings M*, and the damper of the
opening G raised or opened so that the heat from the furnace will enter
at K² into the kiln A², and after passing through or amongst the bricks
or other articles in the several kilns A2, A3, A4, and A5, the residue will
pass out at the opening G³. And so the process will be carried on
charging one kiln and discharging another, or as the articles in each kiln
become burnt or baked they are discharged and another kiln will be
charged with unbaked articles and added to the other end of this series,
and thus the process will be continued to work around the whole series.
In some cases it may be desirable to work only a series of three kilns
together, whilst in other cases a series of five or more may be worked

page_text: together, as herein-before explained. When these kilns are to be used for
burning lime an opening is or openings are made in the crown of the
arch in each kiln for introducing the lime, which openings are provided
with covers suitable to retain heat therein. And it will be evident that
'the passage B and travelling belt C with the openings D to the said
passage will not be required to be used for such purpose, yet the process
in other respects of charging and discharging in a serial round, together
with the manner of admitting and circulating the heat, or causing it to
circulate in or through the several kilns, will be similar as when used
for bricks or other articles, as herein-before explained.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and-shewn-by
Drawings-and-explanations thereof how the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical operation, I would have it understood
that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise. details of the con-
struction or arrangement herein described and shewn in or by the
Drawings but what I claim as my Invention is, the constructing,
arranging, and mode of operating or working kilns or ovens for burning
or baking bricks, tiles, or other articles of plastic material and lime in
the manner substantially as shewn and described.
In witness whercof, I, the said James Edmonston Core, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JAMES EDMONSTON CORE. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named James
Edmonston Core, in the
presence of
EDWARD TASKER,
Clerk to W. Tasker,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Bradford.