IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING ADDREN
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ludwig Schad, of Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
ADDREN"
Sealed the 14th June 1867, and dated the 18th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ludwig Schad at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1866.
I, LUDWIG SCHAD, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING ANILINE COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of obtaining in the finest state of
division such aniline colors as require for their solution alcohol or sulphuric
acid in order to render them in a fit state for dyeing. This has been effected
heretofore by dissolving these coloring matters in alcohol, precipitating in
water and subsequent recovery of the alcohol, or by treatment of the said
aniline colors with sulphuric acid, which last process injures the coloring
matter.
My process consists in melting the coloring matter in fused chloride of
aniline until all the water is driven off. The coloring matter is now in a state
of solution in the fused chloride of aniline. I allow the mass to cool, and
when quite cold treat it in a filtering apparatus with cold water which
dissolves out the chloride of aniline and brings the color in so minute a state

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ludwig Schad in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LUDWIG
SCHAD, of Warrington in the County of Lancaster, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Ludwig Schad, Her special license that I, the said Ludwig.
Schad, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Ludwig Schad, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING
ANILINE COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others).
that I, the said Ludwig Schad, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ladwig Schad, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per..
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and' by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in a method of obtaining in the finest state of
divison such aniline colors as require for their solution alcohol or sulphuric
acid in order to render them in a fit state for dyeing.
This has been effected heretofore by dissolving these coloring matters in
alcohol, precipitating in water, and subsequent recovery of the alcohol, or
by treatment of the said aniline colors with sulphuric acid, which last process
injures the coloring matter. My process which is principally used for
aniline violet and blue consists in melting the said coloring matters in fused

page_text: chloride of aniline until all the water is driven off. To effect this I proceed
as follows: As soon as I have obtained the required shades of blue or violet
which are formed by heating one part of rosaniline with three parts of
aniline I cool the pan and neutralize the aniline with hydrochloric acid of 30°
Twaddell. The addition of the hydrochloric acid throws the bulk of the blue
out of solution, which generally goes together in one large mass. The pan
is then heated again until all the water is evaporated, and all the color has
gone in solution. As soon as complete solution is effected I pour it quickly
in well agitated water, which dissolves the chloride of aniline and leaves the
color, when the foregoing solution has been perfect, in an extraordinary state
of fineness. The mixture of the precipitated color and the dissolved chloride
of aniline has to be sieved, well washed, and filtered. When the color has
become a stiff paste it is finished. All that is required to use the paste for
dyeing is to divide it by brushing it with much water through a cloth, and
use the so obtained liquor like an alcoholic solution. The quantity of bydro-
chloric acid required for neutralizing the aniline is about equal to the weight
of the latter used in making the color. The quantity of the acid varies a little
according to the quantity of the aniline distilling over during the formation
of the color; sufficient acid has been used when a drop taken out of the
melt easily dissolves in water and does not feel sticky. To convert powder
of aniline, blue, violet, or Hoffmann's, or other violets into paste, I dissolve
the color in three times its weight of aniline, neutralize with hydrochloric
acid, and proceed in the same way as before described. In making violet
paste a considerable quantity of color goes frequently in solution; this is
prevented by the addition of common salt to the water.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ludwig Schad, have hereunto set my
hand and seal; this Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Ludwig
Schad, in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
LUDWIG SCHAD. (L.S.)