A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE USED FOR CASTINGS, FOR CEMENTING JOINTS, FOR COLOURING, COATINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emile Meyer, of Cöpenick, near Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, Doctor of Philosophy, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMPOSITION TO BE USED FOR CASTINGS, FOR CEMENTING JOINTS, FOR COLOURING,
COATINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emile Meyer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1878.
EMILE MEYER, of Cöpenick, near Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Doctor of
Philosophy. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE USED FOR CASTINGS, FOR
CEMENTING JOINTS, FOR COLOURING, COATINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in the production of an improved composition for making
castings, to be used as a cement or luting, and for coating or coloring, and for other
purposes; and it is based upon the decomposition or double action which takes
place between an alkaline silicate, that is to say, soluble glass, in presence of water
with fluor and fluo-silicic compounds.
I propose to take fluor spar or cryolithe, or generally any combination of fluor
and fluoride of silicium in the form of powder, either alone or with other powdered
substances, on the one hand, and soluble glass in powder, or soluble glass in solution
of more or less density, on the other hand, and,-
1º. To mix them into a thick or a thin paste, with or without water, and then to
pour it into moulds, run it upon joints, or to apply it upon any desired surface in
one or in several successive coatings.
Or, 2°. I may apply the matters separately and alternately, the one after the
other.
Or again, 3°. I may treat combinations already hardened by soluble glass, that is
to say, I may coat silicious and alkaline surfaces with solutions of fluo-silicate of
hydrogen, or hydro-fluo-silicic acid, or of fluo-silicate of calcium.
According to the nature of the application I add mineral powders or colors of
any kind to the fluor spar and to the soluble glass, to prevent waste or shrinking of
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page_text: the casting, to increase cohesion, the strength, and the hardness, and to provide
coatings of any desired shade in durable colors.
The degree of concentration of the soluble glass will be of more or less strength,
according to the porosity of the objects or articles to be treated, and the concen-
tration of the solution of the fluo-silicate compounds, hydro-fluo-silicic acid, or
fluo-silicate of calcium which is used in the operation will vary according to the
nature of the object or article to which it is to be applied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Emile Meyer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st October
1878.
EMILE MEYER, of Cöpenick, near Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Doctor of
Philosophy. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE USED FOR CASTINGS, FOR
CEMENTING JOINTS, FOR COLOURING, COATINGS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to a new or improved composition for mould casting,
cementing, and coating, and the process of producing it is based on the formation
of that double decomposition which an alkaline silicate (soluble glass) undergoes
with combinations of fluorine in the presence of water.
It is carried out in different ways, as, on the one hand, fluor spar, cryolite, or
generally all combinations of fluorino in the form of powder, either alone or with
the addition of other powder-forming substances; on the other hand, soluble glass
powder, or solution of soluble glass of varying densities.
1. Mixed to a thick or thin paste, with or without the addition of water, and
then poured, some in moulds or cement joints, and some coated over the respective
surface.
Or, 2. Single coats laid on one after the other alternately.
In accordance with the method of application any desired mineral powder or
colour may be added to the fluor spar and soluble glass for the purpose of preventing
the cast composition from shrinking, and for increasing the amalgamation together,
the firmness, and the hardness, and to provide the objects with any desired colour
in a durable manner.
A greater or less degree of density of the solution of soluble glass is necessary,
according to the degree of porosity of the objects to be treated.
As examples of the multifarious uses of this chemical re-action between fluorine
combinations and soluble glass I cite the following:-An intimate mixture in the
same proportions of powder-forming fluor spar and sand gives, either by itself or
mixed with mineral colours (which must not however be disturbed by alkalies), on
being stirred up with a solution of soluble glass of 1-25 to 1-3 specific gravity a
paste which,-
1. Can be poured into elastic glue moulds, and after a short time, and without
shrinking or spreading out, it becomes a hard substance, unaffected by the atmo-
sphere, and representing the exact outline of the moulds,

page_text: 2. As cement and mortar for joints, crevices, and surfaces, it can be used in a
similar manner to cement.
3. As a coating for wood, pasteboard, brickwork, stone, metals, &c., it adheres
firmly and durably.
When the above powder is mixed to a paste with water, and applied as a coating
like paint, after the latter is dry, the same object is attained by going over it with
a concentrated solution of soluble glass, as by this means the coating becomes firm
and durably fixed on the lower ground; such easily executed paintwork is perfectly
weatherproof.
In the same manner any object, the consistent parts of which are over its surface
mixed in with fluor spar powder, may be hardened by treatment with solution of
soluble glass.
Papier maché, clay, potters' earth, powdered plaster of Paris, &c., when they are
previous to the casting mixed with fluor spar powder, cryolite, or afterwards gone
over with a fluor spar mixture, give products (paper, pasteboard, ornaments, utensils,
potters' goods, plaster of Paris figures, &c.) which, without necessitating burning, etc.,
become hard by treatment on the surface with solution of soluble glass, and are
waterproof.
A mixture of two parts gypsum and one part fluor spar powder is cast like pure
gypsum, and afterwards hardened by soluble glass.
In the same manner I may use for many purposes a mixture of ground soluble
glass and fluor spar, which after treatment with water becomes hard under the samo
chemical re-action.
Ornaments and castings of any desired form may be produced by going over the
interior surface of the moulds by means of a brush with a mixture of fluor spar
powder with concentrated soluble glass, and strewing sand over the paste whilst it is
still soft. After it becomes hard it is again gone over by means of a brush with a
paste of fluor spar and soluble glass, and sand again strewed thereon, and so on until
sufficient strength is obtained.
It will be understood that for all these objects any other fluorine combination
besides fluor spar or cryolite may be used; also that the chemical decomposition of
the latter with soluble glass may be used for other than the objects mentioned. The
relative proportions of the mixture may also be varied in many ways.
All kinds of soluble glass coatings aro rendored much more valuable and durable
by the application of fluorine combinations, the injury often done by alkali salts is
prevented, and the durability of the coating is increased.
The general and useful employment of soluble glass as a protection from fire will
be due to the addition of fluor spar, because this coating may be easily and durably
applied to all combustible stuffs, as also in any desired colour.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is or may be performed, I claim as secured to mo by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, the utilization of the combination
which the fluorides of metal (fluoride of calcium, for example) form with the alkaline
silicates (such as soluble glass) by the addition of pulverulent or coloured ingre-
dients in presence of water for the preparation of mixtures or compositions from
which to obtain castings, cements, or lutings, and coatings, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Emile Meyer, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and carranty-eight
EMILE MEYER. (LS.)