Year: 1899

page_text: I, FERDINAND BRUNBAUER, of X Buchengasse, 15, Vienna, Austria, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
In injectors as heretofore constructed, the combining-nozzle traversed by the
steam entering through the steam-nozzle with the feed-water sucked from the
water-chamber, is provided for the purpose of facilitating the starting of the injec-
tor with overflow perforations or passages of various forms communicating with
the overflow-chamber, or the combining-nozzle is formed as a flap nozzle. All these
constructions are very sensitive, and have numerous drawbacks, which culminate
chiefly in the fact that the jet passing through the combining-nozzle undergoes
sudden interruptions on its whole extent, which very easily conduce to giat dis-
advantages and especially entail considerable loss of overflow water, especially
at those overflow passages or perforations of the combining-nozzle situated near
to the steam-nozzle-that is to say, where the jet of water is still considerably
mixed with steam.
In the case of combining-nozzles that are provided with the ordinary perforations,
there is the further disadvantage that it is not possible to suck up the water with
a high pressure of steam, because there is not a sufficiently wide passage from the
interior of the nozzle to the overflow-chamber. Further, in the ordinary combining-
nozzles, and also on account of the nature of their perforations, the feeding of a
large quantity of water with a comparatively small consumption of steam is quite
impossible, although it has been known for a long time that the jet of water
draws with it the air contained in the overflow-chamber through the perforations
of the combining-nozzle and thereby produces a vacuum in the said chamber,
so that more water can be sucked up and the amount of delivery of the injector
increased. But since the perforations in the nozzles as heretofore carried out
have all been such that only few and unfavourably situated points of contact
with the jet of water passing through the combining-nozzle, are presented to
the water that is additionally sucked up, the result is that only a small quan-
tity of water can be carried along mechanically.
Now, this invention has for object to obviate all these disadvantages and
in injectors of all kinds, both suction-injectors and those which act with a
flow of feed-water under certain pressure, to insure an easy and perfectly certain
starting and an increased capacity for drawing in further water.
This is effected by forming the combining-nozzle with an outlet or outlets
arranged in a helical way, and, especially in injectors for working with a head
of water, by further providing a device for regulating the cross-sectional area
of additional auction, in order to prevent a free flow or overflow of the water.
The accompanying drawings represent in longitudinal section various ex-
amples of apparatus constructed according to this invention. Throughout these
drawings a indicates the steam-nozzle, b the water-chamber, c the water-outlet

page_text: to the boiler, d the overflowvalve, e the combining-nozzle, f the discharging-
nozzle, g the check-valve, and h the overflow-chamber.
As shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the passage in the combining-nozzle e is
formed by a helical slot i, which pierces the nozzle-wall and may be formed
in various ways, and whereby the nozzle e is provided for a suitable length at
each point with an exit into the overflow-chamber h.
The steam that issues from the steam-nozzle a on starting the injector, finds
an easy passage through the perforation i into the chamber and thence past the
overflow-valve d into the atmosphere, so that a certain suction will take place
even with the greatest steam-pressures. This arrangement of the perforation
in the nozzle is also of great importance for the movement of the water in
the combining-nozzle, because in every cross section of the jet only one point
of the edge of the said cross-section is in communication with the overflow-
chamber, whilst all the other parts of this periphery have no perforation and
consequently the jet is guided thereby.
!
The perforation thus extends always along the periphery of the cross-section
of the jet in its advance towards the discharging-nozzle, and the jet has suffi-
cient time to become formed before any part of its periphery which has passed
by a place of perforation reaches the next following place of perforation
situated in the same radial plane.
In this manner, therefore, it is also possible to provide a sufficiently wide
passage from the combining-nozzle to the overflow-chamber, in accordance with
the degree of steam-pressure, and it is also possible to suck up the water by
means of the whole steam which is supplied through the steam-nozzle.
The helical perforation or passage i, which is shown in Fig. 1 as being
formed in a combining-nozzle consisting of a single piece, can be readily pro-
duced in a lathe, if the nozzle e, as shown in Fig. 2, is composed of two or
more parts in one of which the perforation is cut.
Fig. 3 shows an example of a nozzle in which the perforation or passage i is
formed by making the combining-nozzle by rolling up a strip of sheet-metal
after the manner of a spiral spring, and Fig. 4 shows it formed by making
the nozzle in a similar manner from a rod of rectangular cross section.
The interstices of screw-thread shape which are thus produced in both cases,
constitute perforations in the combining-nozzle in accordance with the object
of this invention In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5, the passage is con-
stituted by a number of holes i formed along a helical line in the wall of the
nozzle e. When the injector shown in Fig. 5 is in operation, the jet of water
passing through the combining-nozzle e draws the air contained in the overflow-
chamber with it through the perforation i, and thus forms a vacuum there.
The combining-nozzle being provided with perforations as stated, the injector
will, as is well known, by means of this vacuum, draw in further water and
deliver it into the boiler. The more numerous and the more favourably situated
these perforations are, the greater will be the increase in the quantity delivered.
This applies in the most favourable manner imaginable to the helical or screw-
thread like perforations herein before described, because the jet of water passing
through the nozzle a comes repeatedly into contact along its whole periphery
alternately with the perforations in the nozzle and thus acquires a consider-
ably increased capability of additional suction.
In connexion with this, as shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 5, the water-chamber 6 of
the injector is connected by means of a passage 61, provided with a valve ³,
with the overflow-chamber h.
By the action of the vacuum obtaining in the overflow-chamber, the addi-
tional suction-valve 6 is raised and a certain amount of water is sucked
through the passage 6 into the overflow-chamber h, and is carried along by
the jet in the nozzle e.
:
The combining-nozzle provided with one or more helically arranged per-
forations as herein before described, can be employed in injectors of
the

page_text: majority of existing types, it being immaterial whether they have single or
double nozzle arrangements. By means of the combining-nozzle constructed as
herein described, a more easy starting and increased capability of additional
suction are obtained even if the injector, instead of acting merely with a suction
action, works with the feed-water flowing to it under a certain head. In that
case also, a vacuum is formed in the overflow-space. But the amount of water
entering through the passage b¹ must not be too great in this case, because,
otherwise, the vacuum would disappear again, and the pressure of the inflowing
water might be produced, in the overflow-chamber so that after the raising
of the overflow-valve & there would be a free flow or overflow of the water
from 6 through b¹ and h to d.
For the purpose of removing this drawback the injector is provided with a
regulating-device, which determines the cross-sectional area of the additional
suction once for all, in a suitable manner. As shown in Fig. 2 this device
consists of a valve 6 which can be screwed higher or lower so as thereby to
reduce more or less the passage of the valve 61; as shown in Fig. 4, it consists
of a screw b adapted to regulate the lift of the valve ; and, as shown in
Fig. 6, it consists of a nozzle b, which is inserted in the passage b'. The lift-
regulating screw shown in Fig. 4 may also be employed, if the additional
suction-valve 6 go wrong, to press the same completely down upon its seat.
Obviously the object of this regulation of the cross-sectional area might also
be effected by other forms of construction of this regulating-device, which is
set or adjusted and is then left for some time in this position for the purpose
of regulating the cross sectional area of additional suction according to the
pressure of the water under which the injector has to work, in each case, in
such a manner that rather less water is allowed to flow in under pressure than
the jet of the injector could additionally suck up. The regulating-device
herein described may also be employed in purely suction injectors for the
purpose of moderating any suddenly increased additional suction impulses that
might take place, and thereby insuring a regular working of the injector. The
use of this device is also of advantage in cases where the injector has to work
sometimes entirely by suction and sometimes only partially by suction-that is
to say, with a varying pressure of suction-water.
Total this onl
T
1000
I, FERDINAND BRUNBAUER, of X Buchengasse, 15, Vienna, Austria, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement:
-
In injectors as heretofore constructed, the combining-nozzle traversed by the
steam entering through the steam-nozzle with the feed-water sucked from the
water-chamber, is provided for the purpose of facilitating the starting of the
injector with perforations or passages of various forms communicating with the
over-flow space, or the combining-nozzle is formed as a flap nozzle. All these
constructions are very sensitive, and have numerous draw-backs, which culminate
chiefly in the fact that the jet passing through the combining-nozzle undergoes
sudden interruptions on its whole extent, which very easily conduce to great dis-

page_text: advantages and especially entail considerable loss of overflow water, especially
at those passages or perforations of the combining-nozzle situated near to the
steam uozzle that is to say, where the jet of water is still considerably mixed
with steam.
In the case of combining-nozzles that are provided with the ordinary perforations,
there is the further disadvantage that it is not possible to suck up the water with
a high pressure of steam, because there is not a sufficiently wide passage from the
interior of the nozzle to the overflow space. Further, in the ordinary combining-
nozzles, and also on account of the nature of their perforations, the feeding of a
large quantity of water with a comparatively small consumption of steam is quite
impossible, although it has been known for a long time that the jet of water
draws with it the air contained in the overflow space through the perforations
of the combining-nozzle and thereby produces a vacuum in the said space
so that more water can be sucked up and the amount of delivery of the injector
increased. But since the perforations in the nozzles as heretofore carried out
have all been such that only few and unfavourably situated points of contact
with the jet of water passing through the combining-nozzle, are presented to
the water that is additionally sucked up, the result is that only a small quan-
tity of water can be carried along mechanically.
Now, this invention has for object to obviate all these disadvantages and
in injectors of all kinds, both suction-injectors and those which act with a
flow of feed-water under certain pressure, to insure an easy and perfectly certain
starting and an increased capacity for drawing in further water.
This is effected by forming the combining-nozzle with an outlet or outlets
arranged in a helical way, and, especially in injectors for working with a head
of water, by further providing a device for regulating the cross-sectional area
of additional suction, in order to prevent a free flow or overflow of the water.
The drawings filed with my Provisional Specification represent in
longitudinal section various examples of apparatus constructed according to
this invention. Throughout these drawings a indicates the steam-nozzle, & the
water-chamber, c the water-outlet to the boiler, d the overflow-valve, e the com-
bining-nozzle, the discharging-nozzle, g the check-valve, and h the overflow-
'space.
As shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the passage in the combining-nozzle e is
formed by a helical slot i, which pierces the nozzle-wall and may be formed
in various ways, and whereby the nozzle e is provided for a suitable length at
each point with an exit into the overflow-space h.
The steam that issues from the steam-nozzle a on starting the injector, finds
an easy passage through the perforation into the space and thence past the
overflow-valve d into the atmosphere, so that a certain suction will take place
even with the greatest steam-pressures. This arrangement of the perforation
in the nozzle is also of great importance for the movement of the water in
the combining-nozzle, because in every cross section of the jet only one point
of the edge of the said cross-section is in communication with the overflow-
space h, whilst all the other parts of this periphery have no perforation and
consequently the jet is guided thereby.
The perforation thus extends always along the periphery of the cross section
of the jet in its advance towards the discharging-nozzle, and the jet has suffi-
cient time to become formed before any part of its periphery which has passed
by a place of perforation reaches the next following place of perforation
situated in the same radial plane.
In this manner, therefore, it is also possible to provide a sufficiently wide
passage from the combining-nozzle to the overflow-space, in accordance with
the degree of steam-pressure, and it is also possible to suck up the water by
means of the whole steam which is supplied through the steam-nozzle.
The helical perforation or passage i, which is shown in Fig. 1 as being
formed in a combining-nozzle consisting of a single piece, can be readily pro-

page_text: duced in a lathe, if the nozzle e, as shown in Fig. 2, is composed of two or
more parts in one of which the perforations is cut.
Fig. 3 shows an example of a nozzle in which the perforation or passage is
formed by making the combining-nozzle by rolling up a strip of sheet-metal
after the manner of a spiral spring, and Fig. 4 shows it formed by making
the nozzle in a similar manner from a rod of rectangular cross section.
The interstices of screw-thread shape which are thus produced in both cases,
constitute perforations in the combining-nozzle in accordance with the object
of this invention In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5, the passage is con-
stituted by a number of holes i formed along a helical line in the wall of tho
nozzle e. When the injector shown in Fig. 5 is in operation, the jet of water
passing through the combining-nozzle e draws the air contained in the overflow-
space with it through the perforation i, and thus forms a vacuum there.
The combining-nozzle being provided with perforations as stated, the injector
will, as is well known, by means of this vacuum, draw in further water and
deliver it into the boiler. The more numerous and the more favourably situated
these perforations are, the greater will be the increase in the quantity delivered.
This applies in the most favourable manner imaginable to the helical or screw-
thread like perforations herein before described, because the jet of water passing
through the nozzle e comes repeatedly into contact along its whole periphery
alternately with the perforations in the nozzle and this acquires a consider-
ably increased capability of additional suction.
In connexion with this, as shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 5, the water-chamber 6 of
the injector is connected by means of a passage b', provided with a valve 6ª,
with the overflow-space h.
By the action of the vacuum obtaining in the overflow-space, the addi-
tional suction-valve 68 is raised and a certain amount of water is sucked
through the passage 61 into the overflow-space h, and is carried along by
the jet in the nozzle e.
:
The combining-nozzle provided with one or more helically arranged per-
forations as herein before described, can be employed in injectors of the
majority of existing types, it being immaterial whether they have single or
double nozzle arrangements. By means of the combining-nozzle constructed as
horein described, a more easy starting and increased capability of additional
suction are obtained even if the injector, instead of acting merely with a suction
action works with the feed-water flowing to it under a certain head. In that
case also, a vacuum is formed in the overflow space. But the amount of water
entering through the passage bi must not be too great in this case, because,
otherwise, the vacuum would disappear again, and the pressure of the inflowing
water might be produced in the overflow space so that after the raising
of the overflow valve d there would be a free flow or overflow of the water
from through b¹ and h to d.
For the purpose of removing this drawback the injector is provided with a
regulating-device, which determines the cross-sectional area of the additional
Buction once for all, in a suitable manner. As shown in Fig. 2 this device
consists of a valve 63 which can he screwed higher or lower so as thereby to
reduce more or less the passage of the valve 6; as shown in Fig. 4, it consists
of a screw adapted to regulate the lift of the valve ; and, as shown in
Fig. 5, it consists of a nozzle, which is inserted in the passage b¹. The lift-
regulating screw shown in Fig. 4 may also be employed, if the additional
uction-valve 3gp wrong, to press the same completely down upon its seat.
Obviously the object of this regulation of the cross-sectional area might also
be effected by other forms of construction of this regulating device, which is
et or adjusted and is then left for some time in this position for the purpose
of regulating the cross sectional area of additional suction according to the
pressure of the water under which the injector has to work, in each case, in
uch a manner that rather less water is allowed to flow in under pressure than

page_text: the jet of the injector could additionally suck up. The regulating-device
herein described may also be employed in purely suction injectors for the
purpose of moderating any suddenly increased additional suction impulses that
might take place, and thereby insuring a regular working of the injector. The
use of this device is also of advantage in cases where the injector has to work
sometimes entirely by suction and sometimes only partially suction-that is
to say, with a varying pressure of suction-water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
OF
1. In an injector a combining nozzle having one more helically
arranged perforations or passages i.
!
2. In an injector, means for regulating the cross sectional area of addi-
tional suction substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
3. In an injector, an adjustable regulating device capable of being fixed
in position and consisting of a valve 6, a set-screw 6, or a nozzle 65 adapted
to contract more or less the cross sectional area for the flow of the water through
the connecting passage b¹ from the water-space 6 to the overflow-space h and
thereby to maintain a partial vacuum in the said overflow-space.
4. In an injector, the combination of a combining-nozzle according to
Claim 1 with a regulating-device according to Claim 2 substantially as and for
the purpose herein set forth.
F. WISE. HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant. ..