IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULD- ING AND CASTING GAS, WATER, AND OTHER PIPES, SASH WEIGHTS, AND OTHER BRAK MYTH AND
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Greaves, of 5, Victoria Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, and of West Hartlepool, in the County of
Durham, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULD-
ING AND CASTING GAS, WATER, AND OTHER PIPES, SASH WEIGHTS, AND OTHER
BRAK MYTH AND "
Sealed the 20th April 1860, and dated the 25th October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Greaves at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1859.
I, HUGH GREAVES, of 5, Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, and of West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOULDING AND CASTING GAS, WATER, AND OTHER PIPES, SASH WEIGHTS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN CLEANING SOME OF THE SAME FROM THE SAND," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of centres or gudgeons at
or about the centre of the flask or moulding box, for enabling the flask, after
the pipe or other article has been moulded vertically, to be placed at an angle
while the pipe (or other article) is being cast.
Secondly, in forming bands or belts in the sand before the pattern is wholly
withdrawn.
Thirdly, in moulding pipes vertically entirely in green sand, which sand
forms its own core, without the aid of such cores as are at present employed.
Fourthly, in moulding pipes, sash weights, and other articles, by pressure
instead of by ramming the sand, as now practised.

page_text: Fifthly, in an adaptation of the principle of the "lever barrow" to the
purpose of removing flasks or moulding boxes from the moulding table to the
place of casting.
Sixthly, in cleaning the inside and outside of pipes from the sand while they
are revolving.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Hugh Greaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HUGH
GREAVES, of 5, Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
and of West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Hugh Greaves, Her special licence that I, the said Hugh Greaves, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Hugh
Greaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING AND
CASTING GAS, WATER, AND OTHER PIPES, SASH WEIGHTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND
IN CLEANING SOME OP' THE SAME FROM THE SAND," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Hugh Greaves, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hugh Greaves, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of centres or gudgeons

page_text: at or about the centre of the flask or moulding box, for enabling the flask,
after the pipe or other article has been moulded vertically to be placed at
an angle while the pipe (or other article) is being cast.
Secondly, in forming bands or belts in the sand before the pattern is wholly
withdrawn.
Thirdly, in moulding pipes vertically entirely in green sand, which sand
forms its own core without the aid of such cores as are at present employed.
Fourthly, in moulding pipes, sash weights, and other articles, by pressure
instead of by ramming the sand as now practised.
Fifthly, in an adaptation of the principle of the "lever barrow" to the
purpose of removing flasks or moulding boxes from the moulding table to the
place of casting.
Sixthly, in cleaning the inside and outside of pipes from the sand. while
they are revolving.
DESCRIPTION. OF THE DRAWINGS, &C..
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents an elevation of a
flask or moulding box adapted for moulding pipes or other similar articles,
and provided with centres or gudgeons, and otherwise arranged and con-
structed according to the part of my Invention firstly herein-before referred
to. Fig. 2 is a transverse or horizontal section of the same through
the line A, A, of the foregoing Figure. The same parts are marked with
like letters of reference in each Figure. a represents the flask formed
in two parts, joined longitudinally by means of the flanges b in the usual
manner. Upon the larger part are cast the centres or gudgeons c, sup-
ported in bearings d, carried by beams e, the ends of which are built into
or otherwise secured by or at the sides of the pit f, formed in the floor
of the moulding shop or foundry. The width of this pit is made cou-
siderably greater than that of the flask or moulding box, in order thereby
to allow the flask, after the pipe or other article has been moulded vertically
within it, to be placed at an angle as represented in dotted lines, in which
latter position the pipe or other article is to be cast. The object attained by
placing the mould at an angle as described is, that the metal being poured
gradually down the inclined side is thereby caused to enter the mould in an
unbroken stream, and to expel the air from the lower part without its
interfering or becoming mixed with the entering current of metal, thus
greatly lessening the liability to the production of air-blown or spongy
castings. It is obvious that although at or about the centre of the flask or
moulding box has been selected as generally speaking the most convenient

page_text: position in which the centres or gudgeons can be situated, they may when
necessary be placed in other positions and enable the flask to be set at an
angle, as described. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section; and Fig. 4, a transverse
section (through the line B, B, of the preceding Figure), of the arrangement
of pattern I make use of in carrying out the second part of my Invention,
having reference to the formation of bands or belts in the sand in the process
of pipe moulding. In this case I employ a short length of pattern, which is
rammed round with sand in the flask or moulding box, and gradually with-
drawn as the mould increases in length in the ordinary manner. g represents
the pattern in which are three or other convenient number of dies h, the
outer ends of which in their ordinary position coincide with the outer circum-
ference of the pattern 9, but are capable of being forced simultaneously
outwards by means of the cone or incline i, to the extent of the thickness or
projection of the required band.
In making use of this arrangement, the moulding proceeds in the ordinary
manner, excepting that at points where bands are required to be formed in
the sand, the cone or incline i is drawn upward by means of the stem j (which
may be moved by a screw or other convenient means), and thus forces out
the dies h to the extent required. The pattern is then moved round, thus
causing the dies to form the required band in the mould. On lowering the
cone or incline i, the dies are drawn inward to their original position by.an
elastic band k.
In carrying out the third part of my Invention, I mould the pipes vertically
in green sand, and cause them to leave their own cores. These cores I
strengthen and support by means of bars, rods, or pipes of iron.
The fourth part of my Invention is carried into effect by attaching the two
halves, or one or more patterns of sash weights or other similar articles (divided
longitudinally) to the respective sides of a plate or board, as well understood.
The plate or board is then pressed between' two boxes filled with sand, so as
to leave the impression of one lialf of each pattern in each box. The plate, or
board of patterns is then removed from bétween the boxes, which are then
placed together and form the complete mould, in the same manner as now
practised with moulds produced by ramming the sand; Fig. 5 is an elevation,
and Fig. 6 a plan, of the adaptation of the "lever barrow," which I make use
of for the purpose of removing flasks or moulding boxes. The barrow in this
case is represented as applied to the removal of a flask containing a mould for
casting one of Greaves' Patent surface-packed sleepers. I represents the framing
of the barrow formed of two sides or bars of wrought iron, supported upon
wheels m carried by an axle n (between which and the framing is interposed a

page_text: pad or cushion of elastic material) and connected together at their extremities
by a stay bar o, which also serves as a cross handle, whereby the barrow may
be drawn or moved as required. The flask or moulding box shewn (p),
is formed with gudgeons or trunnions q, which rest in notches formed in the
framing of the barrow, and enable the flask, when removed, to be turned over,
if necessary, to receive another flask to complete the mould. For cleaning the
inside and outside of pipes from the sand, I make use of a rough lathe, whereby
the pipes are caused to revolve, while a man or boy cleans away the sand, &c.
from the interior by means of an iron rod or bar, and another man or boy at
the same time cleans the exterior.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same may be performed, I desire it to be perfectly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein described,
but that I claim,--
Firstly, placing the moulding box containing the mould from which the pipe
pattern has been withdrawn at an angle for running the metal, as described.
Secondly, forming bands in the moulds, as described.
Thirdly, moulding pipes vertically in green sand, the models or patterns
being made so as to leave their own cores, as described.
Fourthly, consolodating the sand by pressure, in moulding sash weights,
instead of by ramming or impact, as described.
Fifthly, the use or employment of a "lever barrow," as described, for
removing the flask or moulding box from the moulding table to the place of
casting.
Sixthly, cleaning pipes, after being cast, from the sand, inside and outside,
while they are revolving.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hugh Greaves, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
HUGH (L.s.) GREAVES.
Witness,
W. LLOYD WISE,
Chandos Chambers,
Buckingham Street, Adelphi, W.C.