A NEW METHOD OF WORKING OR MAKING CARPETING DENOMINATED KIDDERMINSTER OR SCOTCH CARPETING, IN PIECES OF DIFFERENT WIDTHS, EXCEEDING EIGHTEEN INCHES WIDE, WHEREBY A COMPLETE PATTERN, FIGURE, OR FLOWER IS MADE TO EXTEND THE WHOLE WIDTH OF THE PIECE AND MAY BE WORKED OR MADE AS A DROP PATTERN OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
PARDOE, of Newgate Street, in the City of London, Carpet Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-third day of October, in the fifty-second year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Thomas Pardoe, His especial licence that I, the said Thomas
Pardoe, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Pardoe, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"A NEW METHOD OF WORKING OR MAKING CARPETING DENOMINATED KIDDERMINSTER
OR SCOTCH CARPETING, IN PIECES OF DIFFERENT WIDTHS, EXCEEDING EIGHTEEN
INCHES WIDE, WHEREBY A COMPLETE PATTERN, FIGURE, OR FLOWER IS MADE TO
EXTEND THE WHOLE WIDTH OF THE PIECE, AND MAY BE WORKED OR MADE AS A DROP
PATTERN OR OTHERWISE;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said Thomas Pardoe, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature

page_text: of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, I, the said
Thomas Pardoe, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and ascer-
tained in the following explanation thereof, and in the plans or figures drawn
in the margin of these Presents, that is to say:-
:.
First, the nature of my said-Invention consists in-a-new and-improved manner
or method of working, making, and manufacturing of patterns, figures, or
flowers in carpeting for carpets denominated Kidderminster or Scotch carpeting,
in pieces of different widths, more than and exceeding eighteen inches wide,
whereby a complete pattern, figure or flower is worked, made, and manufactured
in and made to extend across the whole width of the piece of carpeting, being
more than and exceeding eighteen inches wide, and is worked, made, and manu-
factured in Kidderminster or Scotch carpeting, as a one-thread pattern, figure,
or flower, a two-thread pattern, figure, or flower, or coarser, if required, and as a
comber pattern, figure, or flower, or as a point pattern, figure, or flower, and as
a drop pattern, figure, or flower, or otherwise; and the patterns, figures, or flowers
attainable by this my new improved method and Invention are of large, superior,
and more elegant designs than any that have been or can be produced on or in
Kidderminster or Scotch carpeting by any other method hitherto known.
No.. 1. When I weave and manufacture a yard-wide two-thread one-
point pattern figure, or flower of my new Invention, occupying the whole of
the yard-wide breath in 'a yard-wide Kidderminster or Scotch carpet, loom,
'called or known by the name or description of a two-point one-thread black-
up or open-shade loom, my. method of doing it is as follows, viz.-The two
centre quarters in the front part of the: harness I. leave empty, and the two
centre quarters in the back part of the harness. I work with two ends of the
chain drawn into each eye or male; and in order to make a centre point I
remove one of the back quarter points to the back, centre, and the other
quarter point I leave unemployed. The two outside quarters in the back
part of the harness I also leave empty, and the two outside. quarters in the
'front part of the harness I work with two ends of the chain drawn into each
eye or male. The foot work or binding part I. work with a gear, the same
as is made use of in black-up or open-shade looms, and I. draw it, beginning
on the right side, as follows, viz:-First, one ground end in the fourth shaft;

page_text: secondly, one ground end in the third shaft; thirdly, one coloured end in the
second shaft; and, fourthly, one coloured end in the first shaft: by which means
the two ends of the chain that work in one eye or male of the great harness
are divided. The false simple into which the coloured part of the pattern,
figure, or flower is reeded in, but not the ground, consists of one hundred and
thirty-six strands, equivalent to the number of cords in the tail, and such false
simple is tyed on in the following way, viz:-the first or point strand of the
false simple is tyed to the first or point cord of the tail, the second strand
of the false simple to the thirty-fifth cord of the tail, the third strand of the
false simple to the sixty-ninth cord of the tail, the fourth strand of the false
simple to the thirty-fourth cord of the tail, the fifth strand of the false simple
to the sixty-eighth cord of the tail, the sixth strand of the false simple to the
thirty-third cord of the tail, the seventh strand of the false simple to the
sixty-seventh cord of the tail, and so on, until the first sixty-nine strands of
the false simple are tyed on; and for the remaining sixty-seven strands of the
false simple, I tie the seventieth strand to the seventieth cord of the tail, the
seventy-first strand of the false simple to the one hundred and fourth cord of
the tail, the seventy-second strand of the false simple to the seventy-first
cord of the tail, the seventy-third strand of the false simple to the one hundred
and fifth cord of the tail, the seventy-fourth strand of the false simple to the
seventy-second cord of the tail, the seventy-fifth strand of the false simple
to the one hundred and sixth cord of the tail, and so on, until the last sixty-
seven strands of the false simple are tyed to the tail; and when that is done
I put the lashes on the tail, as is usually done in Kidderminster or Scotch
carpet looms, the tail, the bobbin board, and bobbins on the draw engine
or the simple, as they are respectively used, being affixed and placed on the
lift side of the loom and of the weaver.
No. 2. When I work, weave, or manufacture a three quarters of a yard
wide two-thread one-point pattern, figure, or flower of my new Invention,
occupying the whole of the three quarters of a yard wide breadth in the above-
described loom, my method is to do it in the same way as I have above
described to have done for making the yard-wide two-thread one-point
pattern, figure, or flower, but by droping or leaving out of use half a quarter
of a yard on each side of the loom, which reduces the loom of one hundred
and thirty-six cords in the tail for a yard wide to a loom of one hundred and
two cords in the tail for a three quarters of a yard wide. Those thirty-four
cords composing the two half quarters that I drop or leave out of use 1 drop
in two divisions, and which divisions the half-quarters of the harness on the
outside of the loom, which are not worked, will shew.

page_text: No. 3. When I make, weave, and manufacture patterns, figures, or flowers,
two thread of my new Invention occupying the whole of a three quarters of a
yard-wide breadth in a black-up or open-shade loom called a Kidderminster
or Scotch carpet loom, constructed of that width in a new way for the purpose,
my method is by building and working such loom as follows, viz:-The
whole tail consists of one hundred and two cords, and the neck is tied up to a
centre point only (instead of to two or more points). The box is made in three
divisions, each division being seven inches deep, having one row of thirty-four
bowls in each division, and the wire that carries the bowls is placed two inches
and a half from the top part of each division. The bowls in the box are
four inches in diameter. The comber board is bored in eight rows, having
one hundred and three holes in each row, of which, four holes on each outside,
and four holes in the centre of the front part, I leave unoccupied. The weights
or lingoes belonging to the great harness are those that work the ground,
which are of iron wire, and about eleven inches long, and are eighteen to the
pound weight; and those that work the colours are of lead (or may be of iron
or any other ponderous substance), and are about twelve inches long, and
three ounces weight each. The great harness I draw with one end of the
chain into each eye or male as follows:-On the right side of the harness
the four holes in the front part of the comber board I leave unoccupied, and
take the four eyes or males in the back part, and draw the first with the
ground, the second with the colours, the third with the ground, and the fourth
with the colours; and for the next row begin the first with the ground, the
second with colours, the third with the ground, the fourth with colours, the
fifth with ground, the sixth with colours, the seventh with ground and
the eighth with colours, and so on, half way across the harness, including the
point in the back part of the harness, the four holes in the front part of the
comber board being void; and then I reverse the method, as thus:-I draw
the seventh eye or male with the ground, and the eighth with colours, the
fifth with ground, the sixth with colours, the third with ground, the fourth
with colours, the first with ground, and the second with colours, and so on to
the end, where I finish with the four eyes or males in the back part of the
left side. The four holes in the front part of the comber board I leave un-
occupied, as on the right side. There is a gear or little harness placed between
the great harness and the stay to work the foot work or binding part, con-
sisting of four shafts, cach shaft containing two hundred and three eyes or
yelds. Each eye is about five inches deep; eight inches from the top and
seven inches and a half from the bottom. The gear I sling on pullies placed
in a convenient situation over it, and I work it by four lams connected with

page_text: it, and four treadles, in manner following, viz:-With the first or left treadle
I draw down the third shaft, with the second treadle I draw up the first
shaft, with the third treadle I draw down the fourth shaft, and with the
fourth treadle I draw up the second shaft; with the two front shafts of the
gear I work the colours, and with the two back shafts I work the ground.
I draw the gear beginning on the right side in the following way, viz*:--First
with one ground end in the fourth shaft; secondly, with one coloured end in
the second shaft; thirdly, with one ground end in the third shaft; and fourthly,
with one coloured end in the first shaft; and so on, all the way through the
gear. The stay I draw with four ends in a reed, as is usual. The flower
I put on the tail by tying a false simple to it, which false simple consists of
one hundred and two strands, equivalent to the number of cords in the
tail; and I have the coloured part only of the pattern, figure, or flower
reeded into it, and not the ground. My method of tying on the false
simple is thus:-The point strand of the false simple I tye to the point
cord of the tail, the second strand of the false simple I tye to the second cord
of the tail, the third strand of the false simple to the fifty-third cord of the
tail, the fourth strand of the false simple to the third cord of the tail, and the
fifth strand of the false simple to the fifty-fourth cord of the tail, and so on,
till all are tied on, when I put the lashes on in the usual way. The tail, the
bobbin board, and bobbins, or the draw engine, or the simple, as they are
respectively used, I affix and place on the left side of the loom and the
weaver.
No. 4. When I work, weave, and manufacture a one-thread one-point
pattern, figure, or flower of my new Invention, occupying the whole of a three
quarters of a yard wide breadth, my method is by using a three quarters of a
yard wide one-thread one-point black-up or open-shade Kidderminster or Scotch
carpet loom, constructed and built for the purpose, having two hundred and
four cords in the tail and as many bowls in the box, but in other respects on
the same principle as the two-thread one-point three quarters of a yard wide
black-up or open-shade Kidderminster or Scotch carpet loom herein-before
fully and particularly described is built and worked, differing therefrom only
in so far as a one-thread loom differs from a two-thread loom, and with which
difference any able and intelligent workman conversant with the method of
constructing and building Kidderminster or Scotch carpet looms will be
ufficiently acquainted, without any further explanation or specification. The
tail, the bobbin board, and bobbins, or the draw engine, or the simple, as
they are respectively used, being affixed and placed on the left side of the
loom and of the weaver.

page_text: No. 5. When I use a. close-shade Kidderminster or Scotch carpet loom,
for the purpose of working, weaving, and manufacturing a one-thread one-
point pattern, figure, or flower of my new Invention, occupying the whole width
of a three quarters of a yard wide pièce, my method is by. making the tail of
the loom to consist of four hundred and eight cords, and the neck to be tyed
up three quarters of a yard wide to à centre point only. These four. hundred
and eight cords I employ in equal proportions in.working the colours, and
the ground, as is usual in close-shade Kidderminster or Scotch carpet looms;
the colours and the ground of the pattern, figure, or flower are both reeded
in and put either upon the tail. or into a simple which is placed on the right-
hand side of the loom and the weaver. The cordage, implements, and
appendages that I use for my looms above described are of the same kind as
are generally made use of in black-up or open-shade looms.
'Having thus stated the different looms in which I have made these my
new-invented patterns, I will now state the reasons why I have used different
kinds of loomis for the same purpose, and which I consider to be the best.
The yard-wide two-thread one-point pattern first described I have made in
the yard-wide one-thread two-point loom described in No. 1, because I had
that loom ready by me, but the same kind of pattern could, be made in a yard-
wide two-thread one-point loom built on the same principle as the three-
quarters of a yard wide two-thread point loom, which is particularly described
No. 3, and a loom built on that principle I should consider as the best for
the purpose.
The three quarters of a yard-wide two-thread one-point pattern
made in a yard-wide one-thread two-point loom, described No. 2, was also
made in that way, because, being possessed of such a loom, it was convenient
to me to use it for the purpose, but I consider the loom No. 3 as preferable
and the best for three quarters of a yard wide two-thread one-point patterns.
The method described in No. 5 I also made use of, because, being possessed
of a close-shade loom, it was convenient to me to use it for the purpose, but
I consider the loom No. 4 as preferable, and the best for three quarters of a
yard-wide one-thread pattern. The patterns, figures, or flowers of my new
Invention, which do not require a greater number of lashes than can be con-
veniently worked on the tail, are or may be drawn by means of a bobbin board
and bobbins, or with a draw engine, on the same principle as those which have
heretofore usually been employed for that purpose in the weaving of Kidder-
minster or Scotch carpeting, in the common way. But for such patterns,
figures, or flowers of my new Invention as require more than one hundred and
sixty lashes or thereabout, which I consider to be as many as can be con-
veniently worked or drawn by means of a bobbin board and bobbins, or with a

page_text: draw engine; such as has been usually used for that purpose, I have made use of
a simple, and played the lashes into it in the same or a similar wa
done in the simple of a Brussels carpet loom, the false simple being first tyed on
in the same way as is before specified for the tail, and I have affixed to the floor
round the simple a frame or machine in which a lever with a movable iron
pin works (but to render my description of this frame or machine and of the
lever and pin intelligible, and the more clearly to shew its operation, the
Drawings Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3, with the explanations in the margin
hereof, may be referred to), the object of which is to assist the boy or person
who is employed in working the lashes to work or draw them with more
correctness expedition and ease than they can be worked or drawn in a simple
without it. Thus, when the boy or person has prepared a lash to draw, he puts
the iron pin through the lever, and passes it between that part of the simple
that is wanted to be drawn and the part that is required to remain stationary,
and then by pulling the lever towards him, he, with great ease, correctness, and
expedition, works or draws the lashes. When an able and intelligent work-
man, conversant with the method of building Kidderminster or Scotch carpet
looms of either kind, whether such as are known by the name of close-shade
looms or such as are known by the name of black-up or open-shade looms,
has attentively read and considered this Specification, the way and method by
which looms of either of the descriptions aforesaid may be constructed, built,
and set to work for to make my new invented patterns, figures, or flowers,
being wider or narrower, and whether one-thread or two-thread point or
comber, will to such able and intelligent workman be clear and practicable.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Pardoe, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twelve.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the said
Thomas Pardoe, being first duly
stamped, in the presence of
THOS PARDOE. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the fourteenth day of December, in
year of our Lord 1812, the aforesaid Thomas Pardoe came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowleged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twelve.