IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARBOYS BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to George Hadfield, of Carlisle, Varnish Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARBOYS
BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY."
Sealed the 27th May 1859, and dated the 29th November 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hadfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th November. 1858.
I, GEORGE HADFIELD, of Carlisle, Varnish Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CARBOYS, BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY," to, be as follows:
This Invention relates to the insertion of vessels of glass, earthenware,
gutta percha, and copper, or other metals within a wooden or other strong
casing or envelope, for the purpose of securing the same from fracture; and in
the case of a costly material, such as gutta percha or copper, of avoiding the
use of more material in their structure than would suffice to form an efficient
lining, suitable for being brought into contact with the substance to be
preserved or contained in the vessel. To this end, I form the vessel, which is
to constitute the lining, of any required shape, and surround it with staves,
which are bound together by hoops in the usual manner; or I employ instead
Price 8d.1

page_text: of staves a wrought-iron casing. Into the space between the inner vessel
and the outer casing or envelope, I run liquid asphalte, plaster of Paris, or
other suitable filling, which will unite or cement the parts together, and
thus form a firm structure. In making vessels with a glass lining, I may
find it convenient to interpose a coating of felt; or felt steeped in a suitable
cement, applied before putting on the staves, may suffice to secure the glass
from the jarring effect of a blow sustained by the enveloping staves.
I also propose to make a strong cask or vessel of cast or wrought iron
by forming it of a cylindrical shape with flanges at its ends, and surround-
ing it with staves, into grooves formed in which the flanges are inserted.
Access may be had to the cask through a metal neck in the side of the cask,
and projecting through the wooden casing.
When applying to beer barrels a glass or other suitable lining according
to this Invention, I propose to fit thereto a metal neck to receive the bung,
and also a metal collar to receive the tap.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Hadfield in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HADFIELD, of Carlisle, Varnish Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent,bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Hadfield, Her special license that I, the said George Hadfield, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Hadfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF CARBOYS, BARRELS, AND OTHER VESSELS OF CAPACITY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Hadfield, by
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: vas to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hadfield, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to the construction of carboys, barrels, and other
vessels of capacity by the insertion of vessels of glass, earthenware, gutta
percha, and copper, or other metals within a strong casing or envelope of
wood, for the purpose of securing the same from fracture; and when using a
costly material, such as gutta percha, copper, or lead, as a lining, of avoiding
the use of more material in the structure of the inner vessel than would
suffice to form an efficient lining suitable for being brought into contact with
the substance to he preserved or contained in the vessel. To this end, I make
the vessel, which is to constitute the lining, of any required shape, say, for
example, cylindrical, and surround it with staves, which are bound together
by hoops in the usual manner, and into the space between the inner vessel or
lining and the casing or envelope, I run liquid asphalte, plaster of Paris, or
other suitable filling, which will unite or cement the parts together, and thus
form a firm structure.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 shews in sectional elevation a carboy
constructed according to this Invention. It consists of a glass vessel a
enclosed in a wooden case b made of staves, and closed at the bottom, but
open at top. A lining of asphalte or other cement c, c, in a liquid state is
run into and made to fill the space between the glass and wooden vessels, and
a conical metal cover d* fitting the neck of the vessel a, and provided with a
removeable cap d for giving access to the interior, is placed over the vessel,
and secured to the case b by the insertion of the flange of the cover into an
annular groove formed in the upper end of the case. The outer case is made
slightly conical, to allow of the metal hoops which brace the staves together
binding tightly around them. Fig. S represents in vertical section an open
rectangular vessel constructed according to my Invention. In this instance
the outer case is made of planks of wood e, e, bound together by tie rods f
The lining or inner vessel a is of glass, and a packing of asphalte or other
cement c is interposed, as above mentioned, to receive the glass and wood
together; g is a pipe fitted near the bottom of the vessel, for discharging the

page_text: fluid contents therefrom. The glass vessel is cast or moulded with a flange
at its upper part, to fit into grooves formed in the wooden casing.
Fig. 3 shews in section a washing tub constructed as above described, and
in like manner the vessels for dairy use (which require to be kept scrupulously
clean) may be constructed, the wooden envelope preventing the risk of
breakage hitherto attendant on the use of glass for such purposes.
Fig. 4 shews in longitudinal section a cask suitable for beer, with a glass
lining. In this example the glass vessel is completely enveloped in a wooden
casing composed of staves, and a coating of cement is applied on all sides.
The glass vessel is fitted with metal necks h, i, which project through the
casing of staves, the one to receive the bung, and the other the tap.
In making vessels with a glass lining, I may find it convenient in place of
using the liquid cement, to interpose a coating or packing of felt, or felt
steeped in a bituminous or other suitable cement. This packing I apply
before putting on the staves or wooden casing, and by its elasticity it will
suffice to secure the glass from the jarring effect of a blow sustained by the
wooden casing.
Fig. 5 shews a metal carboy fitted into a wooden casing, and secured thereto
as described with reference to Fig. 1; the flange, however, that enters the
groove in the
upper part of the casing projects from the body of the carboy.
Fig. 6 represents an iron or other metal cask / enclosed in a barrel Z, with
open ends. The heads of the metal cask are formed with flanges, which enter
annular grooves turned in the staves forming the wooden barrel, and necks
m, n, are fitted to the inetal cask, through which the filling and emptying of
the cask is to be effected. When forming an envelope for cylindrical vessels,
whether of metal, gutta percha, or glass, I prefer to use the kind of stave
shewn at Fig. 6, and forming the subject of a Patent now in progress, as this
stave possesses the advantage over those of the ordinary construction of
presenting a cylindrical surface to the inner cask or lining, and a conical
exterior to the binding hoops. By applying to iron casks an envelope of wood
thus constructed simply of staves and binding hoops, I am enabled to produce
a cheap and exceedingly strong vessel applicable to a great variety of pur-
poses. The ends of the staves being made to project beyond the ends of the
inner cask, as shewn, will afford sufficient protection to the heads of the
metallic vessel.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in
the Construction of Carboys, Barrels, and other Vessels of Capacity," and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be under-

page_text: stood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim, encasing
vessels of glass, metal, and other substances requiring protection from rough
usage in an envelope of wood, with cement or elastic packing interposed
between the vessel and the other casing, in the manner and for the purpose
above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hadfield, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
0 Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
GEO. HADFIELD. (L.S.)