Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
I, ALEXANDER HAMILTON, of 20, Atlantic Avenue, Belfast, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for cycles and other vehicles, and it
has mainly for its object to make an improved lining for such tyres.
If
In carrying out my invention under one arrangement, I form the lining of a
fabric woven with cotton or linen wefts and elastic-thread warps, which latter are,
by preference, inserted at regular intervals apart. The fabric is so woven that
the elastic warps are entirely covered on both sides by the textile wefts.
desired linen or cotton warps may be used along with the elastic warps.
fabric is preferably woven with the elastic threads at tension although in some
cases the elastic threads need not be woven at tension.
The
Edgings, for the purpose of securing the lining to the cover of the tyre are, or
may be, woven in one piece with the fabric or sewn, by a special method of
sewing, to it.
The lining may be sewn together along the edges so as to form a bag or cover
for the air tube.
The lining is preferably secured to the inside of the cover by solutioning it along
the edges.
If desired the lining may be solutioned not only at the edges but throughout its
entire surface to the cover.
If desired the elastic warps may be only used at or near the edges of the fabric
Or if desired
and a space with nothing but strong textile wefts left at the centre.
the elastic warps may be woven at the edges and centre of the fabric. Cotton or
linen warps may be combined with the elastic warps in these cases.
In some cases I may form the fabric into a tube and cover it on the outside with
rubber. In these cases the rubber covered fabric constitutes the cover for the
iuner tube. In some cases it may be found practicable to dispense with the inner
tube altogether and make the rubber covered fabric all in one piece so as to
constitute the tyre.
A piece of strong linen, cotton or other material or tape may be sewn along the
meeting edges, when it is desired to form the lining into a tubular bag, in order to
strengthen the join and make it firm.
If desired the meeting edges of the bag may be made to overlap and be
solutioned together.
Dated this Oth dor of Januar- 1004
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.

page_text: I, ALEXANDER HAMILTON of 20 Atlantic Avenue Belfast, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for cycles and other vehicles and it
has mainly for its object to make an improved lining for the inside of the outer
cover.
The lining consists of a fabric composed of elastic india-rubber threads and linen,
cotton or other suitable textile threads. These threads are woven together the
elastic rubber threads together with linen, cotton or other textile threads con-
stituting the warps, and linen, cotton or other textile threads alone constituting
the wefts.
The elastic rubber threads which are woven with the textile threads preferably
at regular intervals apart are woven in at tension in order to give the tyre great
life and resiliency.
The fabric is preferably woven so that the elastic warps are entirely covered, on
both sides, by the textile wefts, which preserve the elastic rubber threads from the
wearing influence of inner air tube.
The lining or backing is secured to the inside of the outer cover by solution or
is vulcanised into it and the edges of the fabric are preferably made to go round
the ordinary retaining wires at each side.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have
hereunto appended an explanatory sheet of drawings, which show, by way of
example, methods of making the improved lining.
Figs. 1 and 2 show an elastic lining or backing e woven with rubber warps a
and textile warps 6 with strong textile wefts. The rubber warps are inserted at
regular intervals apart. The fabric may be woven with non-elastic edges e¹, e³ as
shown for going round the wires and in this case the elastic is not woven at
tension.
If desired the fabric may be woven with rubber warps alone.
Fig. 3 shows an elastic fabric e woven at tension and having or not, as desired,
textile edges d, d' sewn or solutioned to it as indicated at g.
These edgings may
be used for going round the wires, or they may be folded back so as to give
firmness to the selvedges of the elastic fabric when it is put round the wires.
C
Fig. 4 shows the elastic fabric woven at tension, and formed into a tube,
which tube may be woven in a tubular form or sewn along its meeting edges as
at i, or its edges may be made to overlap and be solutioned together instead of
sewn. This tube is so covered or coated with india-rubber c that the whole forms
one tube which is secured to the rim by solution only. In this case the usual inner
tube may be dispensed with and the rubber covered elastic tube inflated in the
usual manner. The elastic fabric may as shown in this case be used without the
textile edges. If desired the elastic fabric may be solutioned or vulcanised into a
rubber cover the edges of which may be made to overlap and be solutioned together
so as to form a complete tube.
Fig. 5 shows a method of solutioning or vulcanising the elastic fabric to or into
a cover k so as to form a backing therefor. The fabric may, as shown, be without
textile edges.
Fig. 6 shows a cover n lined on the inside with elastic fabric e which is solutioned
or vulcanised into it. The ordinary retaining wires are shown as enclosed and
held in place by the edges e¹, e² of the elastic fabric.

page_text: Fig. 7 shows to a reduced scale an elastic fabric e woven without textile edgings.
The narrow edgings being woven separately. The cover is backed with the
elastic fabric and the textile edgings el are then pasted or solutioned on the
edges of the elastic fabric so as to give additional strength and firmness at
the selvedges.
In the elastic backing or lining, which can be made in various ways, the wefts
prevent the cover stretching widely when the inner air tube is inflated, while the
elastic and textile warps, woven at tension and vulcanised give life and resiliency.
The backing also obviates the use of the bag at present in use.
When the elastic fabric is solutioned or vulcanised into a rubber cover it becomes
part and parcel of the cover and acts in harmony with its elasticity on the perimeter
whilst the textile wefts limit its cross stretch or spread.
The elastic being woven at tension when released from the loom draws the weft
so close together that the fabric is considerably strengthened.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be
understood that I make no claim to the use of elastic webbing, such as is used in
the manufacture of spring side boots, as a lining for the outer cover of pneumatic
tyres, but I declare that what I consider novel and desire to claim is :
I. A lining e for the covers of pneumatic tyres consisting of a woven fabric
formed of elastic warps (with or without additional textile warps) and textile
wefts said lining being secured to the inside of the cover by solutioning it thereto
or vulcanising it into it, substantially as and for the advantages herein before set
forth.
2. A pneumatic tyre consisting of an elastic woven fabric made of elastic warps,
(with or without additional textile warps) and textile wefts, the elastic warps being
woven at tension, formed into a tube and entirely coated or covered on the outside
with rubber, substantially as herein before set forth.
Dated this 8th day of October 1894
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.