IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE RESIDUUM WHICH RESULTS FROM THE CLARIFICATION AND PURIFICATION OF COTTON SEED OIL AND OTHER VEGETABLE DRYING OILS AND OF THE RESIDUUM WHICH RESULTS FROM THE DISTILLATION OR OTHER : ANALOGOUS TREATMENT OF THE SAID MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATING, PRESERVATIVE, AND ANTI-CORROSIVE COM- POSITIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio, of Baker Street, Port-
-man Square, in the County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine and
Practical Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
AND APPLICATION OF THE RESIDUUM WHICH RESULTS FROM THE CLARIFICATION
AND PURIFICATION OF COTTON SEED OIL AND OTHER VEGETABLE DRYING OILS
AND OF THE RESIDUUM WHICH RESULTS FROM THE DISTILLATION OR OTHER
: ANALOGOUS TREATMENT OF THE SAID MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND
PREPARATION OF ISOLATING, PRESERVATIVE, AND ANTI-CORROSIVE COM-
POSITIONS."
Sealed the 20th March 1868, and dated the 21st September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1867.
I, GIACOMO EDUARDO MARCHISIO, of Baker Street, Portman Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine and Practical Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
AND APPLICATION OF THE RESIDUUM WHICH RESULTS FROM THE CLARIFICATION AND
PURIFICATION OF COTTON SEED OIL AND OTHER VEGETABLE DRYING OILS, AND OF THE
RESIDUUM WHICH RESULTS FROM THE DISTILLATION OR OTHER ANALOGOUS TREATMENT
OF THE SAID MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATING
PRESERVATIVE, AND ANTI-CORROSIVE COMPOSITIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the treatment and
application of the residuum which results from the clarification and purification
Price 8d1

page_text: of cotton seed oil and other vegetable drying oils, and which is technically
termed "foots," and of the residuum which is obtained by the distillation or
other analogous treatment of the said last-mentioned substance for the purpose
of separating and obtaining the fatty matters contained therein. Such fatty
matters have ordinarily been so separated by the process of distillation, and
the residuum has always, hitherto been thrown away as being useless, but by
means of the present Invention the same can be utilised and applied to
various useful purposes.-.
In order to render the last-mentioned substance or residuum, and also the
foots" applicable to the purposes of this Invention, it is essential that the
acid contained therein should be neutralised. This is effected by adding
thereto an alkali or alkaline salt, litharge, or other metallic oxide possessing
similar or analogous properties being employed as a desiccating agent.
"Foots"
which has been thus treated is applicable to all the purposes for
which linseed drying oil is now employed in the arts and manufactures, whilst
the residuum resulting from the distillation or other analogous treatment of the
"foots" will be found to possess drying and hardening properties of a very
high order, and may be used for a great variety of purposes, as an isolating,
preservative, and anti-corrosive coating..
1.
This Invention also extends to the formation of varnishes, cements, and
hydraulic "mastics" of an anti-galvanic and isolating character. For these
purposes the residue remaining after the distillation or other analogous treat-
ment of the "foots" is taken (the acid contained therein having been
neutralised, as before mentioned,) and combined with various hydrocarbon
substances, either fluid or solid, such as petroleum, spirits of turpentine,
sulphide of carbon, carbolic acid, creosote, solid paraffin, wax, resin, shellac,
gutta percha, and caoutchouc, or tallow; or other animal fats or oils, such
substances being used singly or in combination according to the purposes for
which the composition is to be employed, and which will be understood by
persons conversant with such operations. Mineral colours of any suitable
nature may also be combined with the compositions..
The compositions which may be thus made are applicable to the isolation
and protection of metallic surfaces, so as to preserve them from electric action
and from rust and oxidation, and also to the preservation and protection of
wood, ropes, and other materials exposed to the influences of the atmosphere,
or to the action of water, whether salt or fresh....--
An important use of the isolating "mastic" which may be made in
accordance with this Invention consists in applying it to the surface of the
hulls of ships and to the plates of iron vessels, so as to preserve them from

page_text: the destructive action of the sea, and of the galvanic action which is some-
times set up by contact between the metal and the salt water. The "mastic"
may be simply applied to the surface of the ship, which may then be sub-
merged, but it is manifest that such a coating would not retain its durability
for any long period, as it would necessarily be subject to a variety of cir-
cumstances and accidents which would destroy its isolating and protecting
character. In order therefore that the full benefit of the isolating and
protecting properties of the "mastic" may be obtained, it should, after being
laid on the hull of the ship, be covered by a sheathing of copper, zinc, or
other suitable metal, the same being fastened (in the case of iron ships) to the
iron plates by means of copper rivets, which rivets should be previously coated
with lead.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GIACOMO
EDUARDO MARCHISIO, of Baker Street, Portman Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine and Practical Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio, Her special licence that I, the
said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLI
CATION OF THE RESIDUUM WHICH RESULTS FROM THE CLARIFICATION AND PURIFICATION
OF COTTON SEED OIL AND OTHER VIGETABLE DRYING OILS, AND OF THE RESIDUUM
WHICH RESULTS FROM THE DISTILLATION OR OTHER ANALOGOUS TREATMENT OF THE
SAID MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATING, PRE-
BERVATIVE, AND ANTI-CORROSIVE COMPOSITIONS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:-
...
My sáid Invention consists in certain improvements in the treatment and
application of the residuum, technically termed "foots," which results from the
clarification and purification of cotton seed oil and other vegetable. drying oils,
and more particularly in the treatment and application of the residuum which
is obtained by the distillation, evaporation, or other analogous treatment of the
said last-mentioned substance or "foots," for the purpose of separating and
obtaining the fatty matters contained therein. Such fatty matters have
ordinarily been so separated by the process of distillation and the residuum has
always, or usually, hitherto been thrown away as being useless, but by means of
the present Invention the same can be utilised and applied to various purposes.
In carrying out my Invention I by preference operate upon the residuum
which is obtained by the 'distillation, evaporation, or other analogous treat-
ment of the "foots," and I operate in some cases upon the "foots" itself
which is applicable to the purposes of this Invention. I melt the residuum or
"foots" in an ordinary "jacket pan," and then neutralise the acid or the alkali
that may be contained therein by any known neutralising agents. When I
require the substance produced to be more or less plastic I add to it hydro-
carbons in greater or less quantities. Litharge, or other metallic oxide pos-
sessing similar or analogous properties, is mixed with the residuum when
treated as above mentioned, as a desiccating agent. Foots," which has been
thus treated is applicable to all the purposes for which linseed drying oil is
now employed in the arts and manufactures, whilst the residuum resulting
from the distillation, evaporation, or other analogous treatment of the "foots?
will be found to possess drying and hardening properties of a very high order,
and may be used, as herein-after mentioned, for a great variety of purposes as
an isolating, preservative, and anti-corrosive coating.
In applying my said Invention to the formation of varnishes, cements, and
hydraulic "mastics" of an anti-galvanic and isolating character, I take the
residue remaining after the distillation, or purification, or other analogous
treatment of the "foots" (the acid or alkali contained therein having been
neutralised as before mentioned), and I combine the above-mentioned residuum

page_text: with various hydrocarbon substances, such as petroleum, spirits of turpentine,
naptha, carbolic acid, creosote, and paraffin, liquid and solid, and wax, resin,
shellac, gutta percha, caoutchouc, also bi-sulphide of carbon, or tallow, or other
animal fats or oils, such substances being used singly or in combination
according to the purposes for which the composition is to be employed, and
which will be understood by persons conversant with such operations. The
proportions in which I mix the hydrocarbons and other substances above men-
tioned with the residuum treated by my process will vary according to the
state in which I desire to obtain the resulting product, which may be made
liquid, semi-liquid, or solid according to the various purposes for which I propose
to apply it, such as the manufacture of varnishes or cements, or of floorcloths,
or cloths for covering tables, or for waterproof substances or insulating
materials, for all which and similar purposes the said product will when
produced in a suitable state be found extremely useful. The resulting product
may be used with great advantage for the isolation and protection of metallic
surfaces so as to preserve them from electric action and from oxidation, and
also for the preservation and protection of wood, ropes, and other materials
exposed to the influences of the atmosphere, or to the action of water whether
salt or fresh.
Another important application of the product obtained by my process of
treating the above-mentioned residuum relates to its use as a mastic composi-
tion for coating the surfaces of the hulls of ships and the plates of iron vessels
so as to preserve them from the destructive action of the sea, and from the
galvanic action which is sometimes set up by contact between the metal and
the salt water, and so as to prevent the accumulation of marine, vegetable,
and animal matters.
The coating or mastic composition may be simply applied to the bottom of
the ship, and it may be readily renewed as often as may be found necessary.
In the case of ships that are obliged to remain at sea or on foreign stations
for a long period, as is the case with vessels of war, the mastic composition
should after being laid on the hull of the ship be covered by a sheathing of
copper, zinc, or other suitable metal, (the same being fastened (in the case of
iron ships) to the iron plates. by means of copper rivets, which rivets should be
previously coated with lead.
Having thus fully declared and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which it is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion
that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as constituting the
Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent are,

page_text: First. The method of treating the "foots" or residuum. which results from
the clarification and purification of cotton-seed oil, and also of treating the
residuum which results from the distillation, evaporation, or other analogous
treatment of "foots," and the production therefrom of a composition in a
liquid, semi-liquid, or solid state applicable for the various purposes mentioned,
substantially as herein-before set forth and described.
And, secondly. The manufacture and preparation of isolating, preservative,
and anti-corrosive compositions, substantially as herein-before described..and
set forth, or any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Giacomo Eduardo Marchisio, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, 'this Twenty-first day of March, "in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
T MADCHISIO
Witness,
E. P. H. VAUGHAN,
54, Chancery Lane,
Patent Agent.
T MADCHISIO