IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIALS USED FOR FINING OR CLARIFYING LIQUIDS
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN DYER,
of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster the Twenty-second day of October, in the sixth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Dyer, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said John Dyer, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Dyer, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIALS USED FOR FINING OR CLARIFYING LIQUIDS,"
partly communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad and partly
invented by myself; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I, the said John Dyer, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and
by the following description thereof (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in producing certain materials in the state of powder,
and combining and using the same for fining and clarifying liquids of various
descriptions, as will be hereafter described. The two principal ingredients
used in preparing such powders are the whites of eggs and blood, and in order
to prepare them to obtain the powders according to my Invention, I take any
quantity of the whites of eggs and place them in a suitable vessel, which I
prefer to have covered and air-tight, with a pipe proceeding to a condenser, in
order to refrigerate or condense the vapours as they arise. The vessel con-
taining such whites of eggs is to be submitted to a warm bath of water or sand,
or otherwise, in order to keep it as nearly as possible to about one hundred
and ten degrees of Fahrenheit, and keep the same at that temperature till the
contents of the vessel are in a state of dryness, in which condition it will be
suitable as one of the materials for compounding the powders. The second
ingredient is blood, which is also to be dried, and I likewise prefer to conduct
such drying process in the manner pointed out for the whites of eggs, but in
either case the materials may be dried in open vessels; but I do not consider
such means so good as that described for producing the dried materials in the
most effective state. The third ingredient is dried bone dust, and I prefer
the bones of young animals. The fourth ingredient is clay or marle, or such
like earthy substance. The fifth ingredient is animal charcoal in the state of
powder.
Having possessed myself of these ingredients, I compound them in the
following proportions:-
Powder No. 1.-Three parts by measure of the powder of the whites of
eggs; one part of the powder of dry blood. These are to be intimately
blended or mixed, and about a measure of a cubic inch will be found sufficient
for a pipe of port wine, and the manner of using the same is to mix such
powder in a few ounces of cold water, and permit the same to stand for about
eight hours, and then stir the same into the wine.
Powder No. 2 is composed of three parts of the powdered blood, one part
of the powder of bones, and one part of yellow marle or clay.
Powder No. 3 is composed of two parts of powdered blood, two parts of
'animal charcoal, and one part of bone powder.
The powders Nos. 2 and 3 are for white wines, cider, perry, beer, spirits,

page_text: and other liquids requiring the process of clarification and fining, and are to be
used in like manner to the powder described for port wine.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention as partly communicated
to me from abroad, and partly invented by myself, and also the manner of per-
forming the same, I would remark that I am aware that blood has before
been dried for various purposes; I do not, therefore, claim such process; and
I am aware that animal charcoal has been used separately for clearing or
purifying saccharine syrups; I do not, therefore, claim the use of that article
generally, unless combined with some one or other of the ingredients herein
mentioned in the state of powder. And I would further have it understood
that although I have stated the precise quantities of each of the ingredients
I prefer to be compounded and used together, yet I do not confine myself
thereto, as other quantities may be used with a proportionally degree of result.
I would remark that in some instances these powders may with advantage be
used in conjunction with the means heretofore resorted to for fining wines and
other liquids. But what I claim as the Invention is the producing the whites
of eggs in the state of powder, and compounding and mixing the same as
above described.
And I do further claim the compounding or combining two or more of the
ingredients herein described as powders.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Dyer, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.