IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR WATER SUPPLY PURPOSES, WHEREBY WASTE TA Dawn DHA LA CORDAMBR PROD
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Sweet, of 102, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR WATER SUPPLY PURPOSES, WHEREBY WASTE
TA
Dawn
DHA LA
CORDAMBR
PROD."
"
Sealed the 24th March 1874, and dated the 1st November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Sweet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1873.
I, ANDREW SWEET, of 102, Hampstead Road, in the County of
5 Middlesex, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR WATER SUPPLY
PURPOSES, WHEREBY WASTE IS PREVENTED, REGULATION EFFECTED, AND ‘TREMOR”
AVOIDED," to be as follows:-
The principle of action involved in this Invention is that of having a
> central axis or rod arranged as a screw, so that when the water waste

page_text: preventer or valve is opened in order to regulate its descent a casing
external to it of correspondingly larger diameter or in some instances
blades are arranged with and attached to said central axis, so that
by the revolution of said external casing or blades the descent is
arranged in gradual and equal revolution. And such principle is also
applied to taps or cocks.
In the case of cocks or valves the casing or shell is arranged with
differential diameters, together with spindle or spindles with differential
diameters, which correspond with those in the internal face of the
casing, the object being to allow the opening of taps at any pressure by :
the same power as required for ordinary taps, and to prevent tremor or
chattering in closing.
Where more than one pipe or exit of water is connected to one cistern
in order to prevent waste of water I arrange a float valve fitted in a case
to which a rod is connected, so that when a stated quantity of water is
drawn off from the cistern the valve descends on to a seat arranged in
said casing and shuts the waterway, so that in order to again draw off
water the cock must be closed, and then the valve again rises in the case,
and the pressure on both sides of the valve is equalized.
The float valve is equally applicable to water mains for preventing
bursting of pipes by over pressure. The fitting can be arranged so as to
be put in the place of and take the shape of mouldings in the interior
of rooms and other places.
In connection with the water waste preventers used in water closets I
use a certain kind of differential outlet cylinder or pipe, so that when
the piston in said pipe is forced down it occupies a position in this
cylinder or pipe so that the products with the water for clearing
runs off.
Ana of water I have two or more sente to.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andrew Sweet in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
SWEET, of 102, Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex, Iron-
monger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc.
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Andrew Sweet, Her special
licence that I, the said Andrew Sweet, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Andrew Sweet, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVED
MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR WATER SUPPLY PURPOSES, WHEREBY WASTE
IS PREVENTED, REGULATION EFFECTED, AND 'TREMOR'. AVOIDED," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew Sweet, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing, under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Sweet, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
by the words, figures, and letters marked thereon and herein referred to,
that is to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRA WINOS

page_text: screw of the centre axis or rod 2, to which rod the blades 1' are secured,
such blades regulating the descent. It is to be understood that I lay no.
claim to the use of blades to regulate the descent or the screw, what I
do claim in respect to this arrangement being the falling encased nut
with the friction seat.
Fig. 2 is a self-closing valve, the descent being regulated by an escape-
ment assisted by a momentum weight 1' and a chain or equivalent 4¹.
This is not necessarily a submerged valve as that shewn in Fig. 1 is..
Fig. 3 is the same as Fig. 1 with the difference that blades are dis-
pensed with, the only alteration from Fig. 1 being the substitution of a
concentric cylinder 5 in place of blades (1, Fig. 1).
"
Fig. 4' is explanatory of my differential diameter system as applicable
to bib, ball, or stop-cock, the important point being in making the cataract
by having differential diameters on the centre axis and shell. 2¹ and 3¹
show differential diameters of the central axis and casing respectively; -
1 is where the pressure is applied to open the valve, and 41 is the
outlet.
I also use double or multiple seats or cushions to more easily adapt
the cock to any pressure, as shewn in Figs 5, 6, and 9.
Fig. 7 is another push tap arranged with a cataract at the back.
1 represents the cataract, which operates by pushing in central spindle 2.
fitted in casing 3, which is screwed internally, the end of casing fitting
into cataract chamber; 4 is the seat.
Fig. 8 is a partial equilibrium push tap, which may be bib, ball, or
stop. These taps may be also fitted, if desired, with arrangements 2
similar to Fig. 4 to prevent tremor. 3' is the push, by pushing which
the outlet 1' admits water to chamber 2¹, thereby securing equilibrium
of pressure.
Sheet 2, Fig. 1, section of ball tap with a rubber ring * for. seat;
Fig. 2 shews a ball tap complete. 1' is a screw. for weighting ball, or a
the ball may be weighted to its maximum by pouring in Parian cement
or other like material. I turn over the ball continuously till the material
becomes set, thus forming a thin shell evenly over the interior surface.
The tap is opened or shut by means of the fulcrum 2 fitting in slot
formed on central spindle 3 of ball. tap.

page_text: Fig. 3, section of shell and axis of ball tap. In some cases I use
ground seats. The action of this ball is simpler than that shown at
Fig. 4, Sheet 1.
Fig. 5 is a ball tap with an air float 1'; this description of float, which
I use in various forms, may be made in cast iron or other materials.
Fig. 6 section of valve.
interior service pipe being over
1' is the filling screw; and 21,
When the pressure in the main
An arrangement of float to prevent
strained by pressure is shewn in Fig. 4.
inlet to ball float; 3¹, guide rod; 4', float.
arrives at the maximum that the interior service pipes are strong enough
to bear, then the water rushing into the float 4 compresses the air, and
the ball float becoming heavier sinks on to its seat, and is not raised again
until the pressure on the main is lessened.
Fig. 7 is an arrangement of somewhat similar kind. In this arrange-
ment I use my equilibrium valve, the chief difference being that whercas
in Fig. 4 the closing action comes from the main in this arrangement it
is derived from the pressure in the interior service pipe, so that when by
opening a tap the pressure is relieved a fresh supply is admitted from
the main. In this Fig. 7, 1 represents the float ball; 21, the air
chamber; 31, the inlet; 4', the outlet.
Sheet 3, Fig. 1, is a modification of my float valve. 2¹ is the outlet
valve; 1' is a larger diameter casing or jacket, with an air outlet at or
near the top at 3¹ or 3", which is kept sealed up by the spring air valve,
Fig. 2; this arrangement does away with wires and cranks, an air tube
being substituted, which may be conveniently carried in any direction
without detriment to its perfect and silent action. The way in which
these details act is thus explained. It will be seen on reference to Fig. 1
that when the cistern becomes charged under the above conditions the
water in the outlet jacket rises only to or about the point 5'; the float
being now acted upon underneath by the pressure of the column of
water in the cistern, and on the top equally acted upon by the imprisoned
air, remains closed. Sometimes I do away with the air pipe, and attach
a wire to the outer casing, thus accomplishing the same object. The air
valve being momentarily opened allows the float to open; the whole of
the contents of the cistern being discharged the outer case again becomes.
filled with air when the operation may be repeated.

page_text: The cistern or box may be of any configuration and of such size as to
contain the quantity of water to be used at one flush; it may be a small
open cistern or covered and submerged, with an air pipe, and made in
an elongated form, as Figs. 3 and 4, one of the essential points being
that the charge of the cistern or box must not be so rapid as to 5
discharge. For this purpose I sometimes use a ball tap of the construc-
tion of Fig. 6 in an open cistern, and a syphon arrangement or small
hole in the case of a closed or submerged box.
Fig. 3 is an arrangement to which several outlet valves may be
attached. 5 is the contents box made here in an elongated form to suit 1
an angle; 1' is the float; 2¹ is the air inlet; 3¹ is the compressed air
chamber; 4, the outlet.
Fig. 4 is another modification. 4¹ is the contents box. 11, 21, 3¹ have
been previously explained in reference to Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the same as Fig. 1, with the difference that the outer jacket 1
is a float used as a ball float to shut the inlet, the imprisoned air being
relieved by the pull and lever acting on the weighted valve 3¹.
Fig. 6 is the ball tap already referred to. 2¹ is the inlet; 1' is the
point acted upon to close the valve; 5¹ is a rubber seat of a novel and
peculiar construction adapted for waste-not cisterns.
Sheet 4, Fig. 1, is an apparatus for several outlets. 1', the float; 2¹,
the equilibrium break; 3¹, inlet for air float; 4, guide rod. The float
valve is arranged so that when all the taps or outlets are closed the air
is compressed in float 1. The float is therefore partially filled with
water, and sinks to its seat on either of the taps or valves being opened. 2
The compressed air in float 1¹ throws the water out through the equili-
brium break 2¹, and the float rises. The quantity discharged is
determined by the differential diameters 2¹ and 3¹.
Fig. 2 is a box to contain about two gallons, placed in a cistern with
a syphon outlet. On the cord or chain 1' being pulled the outlet 2¹ is 3
opened and the inlet 4' closed, the whole contents being discharged if
the chain 1 is retained.
Fig. 3 is an improved arrangement in an enclosed box of any configu-
ration, with an inlet tap hole, syphon, or valve. On the water rising in
this box to the float 2¹ it rises carrying with it the rod and box 4', which 3

page_text: is carried up to its seat on the syphon 81. As the water still fills up the
box the float 21 becomes submerged, the water still rising flows over the
top of the syphon into the chamber 4. When this box is filled the
float 2¹ is sunk, the whole contents being then passed out. This box
has a small valve or hole 3¹, by which gradually the contents discharge.
•
The apparatus is now prepared for refilling; this may by a slight
modification be made a non-intermittent flush, as Fig. 2, only that when
the outlet is once pulled without retaining the pull the whole contents
will be given out. The chamber 10¹ is made an atmospheric lute. A
pull with a valve passes through the air lute 1', as in Fig. 2; on this
being lifted the air lute is broken; the power of the float being thus
diminished the float sinks, and the syphon is set in action; the valve 3¹
in this case is not required, the spindle box being always full to assist in
breaking the air lute. 6' is an elastic band for connecting the cover
with the case.
Fig. 4 is a self-closing float valve, which may be modified as shown
in Sheets 5 and 6. 1' is the lute regulator; 2¹ is the lute space; 2" is the
opening by which the exit of lute air is regulated; 3' is the equilibrium
outlet and inlet for water or air; 4' is the float; 5¹ is the regulating
guide rod; 5¹¹ is the actuating pull or push; 6' are two holes to let out
water to assist in the regulation of the air lute. On the actuating cord
or chain 5 being pulled the float 4¹ rises by virtue of its buoyancy, and
the time taken in closing is determined by the size of the outlet 31. The
water cannot rush over the loose fitting parts because of the air lute.
Figs. 6 and 7 show the method of regulating inlet and outlet
passages.
Fig. 8 is a modification for effecting the same purpose as Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 represents a submerged case or box of any configuration, and
of size to contain one or several charges of water according to the
number of outlets applied. The letters S, T, U, V, R, are illustrative of
one plan for effecting the object. U is a float attached by a rod to the
valve S; T is a stop to limit its movement; R is a small outlet.
It will be seen that when the casing or box 1' is charged the valve
and waterway S are opened by the float U, but should the contents of the
box 1' and the pocket V be emptied either from the bursting of a pipe, or
incautiously leaving an outlet open, the valve and waterway S would be

page_text: .
closed, and would not open again until the pocket or case was recharged;
which might be effected by filling through the air pipe 4' or other
equivalent. The pocket and small outlet are intended to warn the
consumer when the box is emptying, so that on closing the outlet valve
a new charge may be admitted through the waterway S.
The syphon 3¹ is another modification to make the casing more difficult
of charging when once emptied. 3¹ is the syphon; 2¹ and 8¹ are pockets;
71, outlet; 9, float.
Sheet 5, Fig. 1, is a small cistern arranged with one of my cataract
ball valves to discharge a maximum of two gallons at one flush. The
chamber 1 is used in this case to form a cushion of water; 2¹ is the
inlet hole.
Fig. 2 is a modification of like action to Fig. 1, only in this case I use
an air ball or float arranged as shewn. 1' is the air chamber; 2¹ is the
regulating air tube. By making the regulating air tube very small this
arrangement makes a minimum discharge of two gallons, or the whole
contents of the cistern, the air ball when once raised being sufficiently
buoyant to keep the valve 3 open till the whole of the contents discharge.
The syphon as shewn in Sheet 6, Fig. 6, may be used in this arrange-
ment with advantage.
:
Fig. 3 is a small cistern arranged to give a minimum quantity at each
pull of the lever. 1', the float; 2¹, the small float; 3¹, air valve; 4¹ is
an air or water chamber; 5¹ is a weight; 6¹ is a piece of chain; 8¹ is an
outlet for emptying same cistern; Fig. 4 the same object as in Fig. 3
is obtained by pumping a proportion of the contents of 1" into 31; this
action raises the ball 5¹, and carries with it the outlet valve 4'; the
contents of the cistern 1' are emptied before the float 5' sinks; and the
inlet valve is opened.
:
Fig. 5 is a modification of Figs. 1 and 2. On the second compartment
being charged to same line as the larger cistern, which is effected through
the small hole 3¹, the float 2¹ is pulled down, and by this action raises
the level of the water in the small compartment, and while the float is
retained down the water flows out.
Fig. 6 is a cistern of a simpler kind. The inlet used is one of my
cataract valves, with the lever lengthened as shewn, and connected with
the valve 3. On the lever being acted upon the inlet valve is shut..

page_text: Fig. 7 is an improved arrangement or modification of a double.com-
partment cistern. 0¹ is the lever; 1' is the slot hole in said lever, which
on being raised closes the valve 4¹ before the outlet valve 2' is opened.
Fig. 8 is a small cistern. arrangement with one of my air lute sub-
merged float valves, as previously explained (in Sheet 4, Figure 4)..
Sheet 6, Fig. 1, is the same arrangement as Fig. 5, Sheet 5, with the
difference of a division between the two floats, as shown; the float 1', as
shewn in plan, on being depressed throws part of its contents into
chamber 2¹; this raises the water and with it the outlet valve, giving a
minimum discharge of two gallons, notwithstanding if the pull be:
immediately released.
Fig. 2 is the same arrangement as Fig. 8 in Sheet 5, modified to give
a minimum discharge of two gallons. To effect this I use a spring 5¹,
electro plated or otherwise plated with a non-corroding. covering. On
the spring being depressed or pulled down the submerged valve 1' here
used is prepared to discharged the contents of the cistern on being
released. The valve here shown is similar in action to that represented in
Sheet 4, Fig. 5.
Fig. 3 is another modification for giving a minimum discharge. The
float on being raised has a tendency to produce a partial vacuum. The
water flows, as shewn, by the arrows into the compartment 4', thus
raising the outlet valve, and discharging the whole of the contents, the
descent of the float being regulated by the hole 2¹, or by syphon action.
shewn at Fig. 6.
Fig. 4 is another arrangement for effecting the same purpose. The
action is shewn in the Drawings, and is similar to the other Figures
shewn; but in this Figure instead of a spring a weighted lever is used,
which is fully described in Fig. 10. I use a rubber cushion 4 to case
the falling of the weight 1' of an annular construction sprung over a
pin.
Fig. 5 is a simpler arrangement of my submerged valve for a cistern
when the water is shallow and always of one depth. This allows of the
air lute being dispensed with, and two tubes 2¹ and 3¹ are employed.
Fig. 6. shews an improved arrangement for emptying the compait-
ment 1'. The spring lever is also fulcrumed to the cistern top. The

page_text: With.
Fig. 7 is an arrangement I use in connection with my push apparatus
for closets. On depressing the plunge 1¹ to 2¹ the whole of the contents
of the closet pan are drawn over the trapping bend, and pass away 5
through the large diameter 3'. In this arrangement force of supply is
no object.
.
Figs: 8, 9, 10 are mechanical arrangements for making any fallen
valve that discharges only while the pull is retained down into a
minimum discharge valve, as already explained in Figs. 2 and 4. In 10
Fig. 8 1' is the pull; 21, connector to the falling valve; 3¹, the spring.
In Fig. 9 2¹ is the pull; 3¹ is connector to valve; 1' is the weight. In
Fig. 10 4 is the pull; 3¹ is connector to valve; 11, the weight.
Sheet 7, Figs. 1 to 13 (in sections, elevations, and plans), show the
pipes and connections for ornamental and other fittings for water and 18
other purposes, with sockets for blow-pipe joints, wiped joints not being
admissable in ornamental pipes. I also cast bosses, and purpose making
such fittings in brass, lead, or other metal.
Figs. 14 and 15 shew an elevation and sectional elevation of a link
waste preventer. I adapt this link to fix under the closet seat or in any 20
more convenient place. In the Drawing is shewn a solid piston in a
cylinder filled with mercury, but when size is not an objection I purpose
using water or oil in conjunction with my float and air lute, as previously
explained.
It is obvious in the foregoing description that each part in any of the 2
Figures can be adapted, where convenient, to any of the other parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or put
in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the combinations or mechanical
arrangements constituting the Invention of "Improved Mechanical 30
Arrangements for Water Supply Purposes, whereby Waste is Prevented,
Regulation effected, and Tremor avoided," as herein-before described
with reference to the several Figures of the accompanying Drawings, it
being understood that the details of construction may be varied as found
desirable, provided the arrangements used are substantially the same in 38

page_text: mechanical effect, and having the same intention with those herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Sweet, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
ANDREW SWEET. (L.s.)
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street,
S.W.