Improvements in Apparatus for Clarifying Saccharine Solutions.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 7th May, 1897-Accepted, 26th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Clarifying Saccharine Solutions.
I, LEON FRANCOIS HAUBTMAN, of Rooms 9 and 10 Godchaux Building, New
Orleans in the Parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, United States of
America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an apparatus for clarifying saccharine solutions from
sugar cane or similar sugar producing material, and it has for its object to provide
a device by means of which the solution may be rapidly clarified, without contact
with atmospheric air.
In carrying out my invention, I employ a series of heating vessels, one connected
with another, and through which the solution to be clarified is forced in one
direction while the heating medium is forced through the vessels in an opposite
direction. The invention further comprises vessels in which the hot solution is
reduced in temperature by a cold solution flowing through said vessels in its course
to the clarifying vessels.
The several heaters or clarifying vessels are made for example in the form of
cylinders numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, arranged one above the other,
and connected the one with the other. These vessels are all similarly constructed
and are closed at their ends by cap plates and provided with interior tube
sheets,
Extended longitudinally of each vessel, and entirely across the same, is a
partition, which terminates at a point a short distance from the inner side of the
one tube sheet, thereby forming a space for the passage of a heating medium, as
will be hereinafter explained. The partition extends between the other tube sheet.
and the head to form a receiving chamber and a discharge chamber. At the
opposite end of the vessel a transferring chamber is formed, the walls of which are
formed by the tube sheet and the head. The receiving chamber is connected with
the transferring chamber y a number of tubes, and the latter chamber is
connected with the discharge chamber also by a number of tubes. The several
tubes extend through the tube sheets, those connecting the receiving and
transferring chambers being arranged below, the partition, and those connecting
the discharge and transferring chambers being arranged above said partition.
A pump communicates with the receiving chamber of the lower vessel of the
series by means of a pipe and the discharge chamber of this lower vessel connects
with the receiving chamber of the vessel next above it, and these connections
between the vessels continue to the upper one. The discharge chamber however,
of the upper vessel connects with a pipe, which extends downward into a receiving
tank.
A heating medium, such for instance as steam, is admitted to the space between
the tube sheets in the upper clarifying vessel by means of a pipe, and this space is
connected with a similar space of the vessel next below, and these steam
connections continue to the lower vessel, which has an outlet for the exhaust
steam.
Arranged adjacent to the clarifying vessels is a pair of cooling vessels, one
arranged above the other, and precisely similar in construction and connections to
the clarifying vessels above described. In these clarifying vessels, however, a

page_text: heating medium is not employed, as it is their office to reduce the temperature of
the clarified solution to a point below the boiling point, prior to its discharge into
a settling tank to be hereinafter described; therefore in these cooling vessels the
clarified solution is forced back and forth through the several tubes and a cold
solution to be subsequently treated in the heating vessels is allowed to flow through
the spaces within which the pipes are arranged, so that said cold liquid may
absorb a considerable amount of the heat contained in the liquid treated.
From the pipe which leads to the receiving tauk a pipe leads into the receiving
chamber of the lower cooling vessel 21, and from the discharge chamber of the
upper cooling vessel a pipe leads to and discharges into a settling tank, said pipe
being preferably provided with a pressure regulator, so as to give a certain fixed
amount of pressure in the closed vessel corresponding to the degree of heat desired
in the vessel.
A valved pipe leads from a discharge tank into the space surrounding the tubes
in the upper cooling vessel, and a pipe leads from the chamber surrounding the
pipes in the lower vessel cooling into the receiving tank, which is connected by a
pipe with the pump. The cooling vessels may be provided with hand-holes having
covers so that by removing said covers the interiors of the vessels may be reached
for the purpose of cleaning them.
The settling tank has a series of partitions extended upward from its bottom to
near its top, and a series of partitions extending from the top portion downward to
near the bottom of the tank and alternating with the other partitions.
The heat as soon as it strikes the liquors to be treated or clarified, separates the
pure liquor from the impurities, and to keep these impurities from settling in the
tubes in transit, this liquor must have a rapid circulation through the tubes. To
keep up this rapid circulation about the same quantity of liquor must be handled
in a certain time otherwise the liquor will deposit some of its impurities in the tubes
and finally stop them up. To obriate this I provide each end of certain of the
tubes in both the heating vessels and the cooling vessels with valves having stems
extending outward through the heads. With all the tubes open in each vessel a
circulation for 250,000 gallons daily is provided. If it is desired to pass through
the tubes 200000 gallons per day one pipe on each side of the partition shall be
closed by its valve. Thus the greater the number of tubes closed the less liquor it
will take to keep up the proper circulation. Each heating vessel may be provided
with a thermometer so that the heat therein may be ascertained at any time. In
operation the solution to be treated is forced by the pump into the receiving
chamber of the vessel 1 thence through the pipes into the transferring chamber
thence through the pipes into the discharge chamber and so on upwards and out
through the pipe where it may be discharged into the receiving tank to be again
treated if desired. The pipe leading to the receiving tank is provided with a valve
which may be closed to direct the liquid into said tank and the pipe is also provided
with a valve which may be closed when it is desired to force the clarified solution
through the cooling vessels. While the solution is forced upward through the
several heating vessels the heating medium such for instance as steam is forced
downward and out through the pipe. Instead of discharging the clarified solution
into the tank the hot liquid may be run into the cooling vessels and out to the
settling tank and at the same time a crude cold solution from the discharge tank
will flow through the cooling tanks and absorb a portion of the heat of the clarified
liquid. This cold liquid will flow into the receiving tank to be pumped to the
heating vessels. By forcing the heating medium downward and the liquid upward
it is obvious that the hottest liquid is always acted upon by the hottest portion of
the steam.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53 Chancery Lane, Loudon, Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Clarifying Saccharine Solutions.
I, LEON FRANCOIS HAUBTMAN, of Rooms 9 and 10 Godchaux Building New
Orleans, in the Parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, United States of
America, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an apparatus for clarifying saccharine solutions from
sugar cane or similar sugar producing material, and it has for its object to provide
a device by ineans of which the solution may be rapidly clarified, without contact
with atmospheric air.
In carrying out my invention, I employ a series of heating vessels, connected
one with the other, and through which the solution to be clarified is forced in one
direction while the heating medium is forced through the vessels in an opposite
direction. The invention further comprises vessels in which the hot solution is
reduced in temperature by a cold solution flowing through said vessels in its course
to the clarifying vessels.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts
in all the views.
Figure 1. is a partial elevation and partial section of an apparatus embodying
my invention;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a heating or clarifying vessel drawn on
an enlarged scale ;
Figure 3 is an end view; and
Fig. 4 is a section through line 4-4 of Figure 2.
The several heaters or clarifying vessels are here shown as made in the form
of cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, arranged one above the other, and connected the one
with the other. These vessels are all similarly constructed, and this construction
may be clearly seen in the enlarged view (Figure 2) which shows the cylinder 1,
closed at its ends by cap plates 6, and provided with interior tube sheets 7 and 8.
Extended longitudinally of the vessel, and entirely across the same, is a
partition 9, which terminates at a point a short distance from the inner side of the
tube sheet 8, thereby forming a space for the passage of a heating medium, as
will be hereinafter explained. The partition 9 extends between the tube sheet 7
and the head 6, whereby at this end of the vessel is formed a receiving chamber 10
and a discharge chamber 11. At the opposite end a transferring chamber 12 is
formed, the walls of which are provided by the tube sheet 8 and the head 6.
The chamber 10 is connected with the chamber 12 by a number of tubes 13, and
the chamber 12 is connected with the discharge chamber 11 by a number of
tubes 14. The several tubes extend through the tube sheets 7 and 8, those con-
necting the chambers 10 and 12 being arranged below the partition 9, and those
connecting the chambers 11 and 12 being arranged above said partition.
A pump 15 communicates with the receiving chamber 10 of the lower vessel 1
of the series by means of a pipe 16, and the discharge chamber 11 of this lower
vessel connects with the receiving chamber 10 of the vessel next above it, and these
connections between the vessels continue to the upper one. The discharge
chamber 11 however, of the upper vessel connects with a pipe 17, which extends
downward into a receiving tank 18.
A heating medium, such for instance as steam, is admitted to the space between
the tube sheets in the upper vessel 5 by means of a pipe 19, and this space is

page_text: connected with a similar space of the vessel next below, and these steam connections
continue to the lower vessel 1, which has an outlet 20 for the exhaust steam.
Arranged adjacent to the clarifying vessels is a pair of cooling vessels 21 and 22,
one arranged above the other, and precisely similar in construction and connections
to the clarifying vessels above described. In these clarifying vessels, however, a
heating medium is not employed, as it is their office to reduce the temperature
of the clarified solution to a point below the boiling point, prior to its discharge
into a settling tank to be hereinafter described; therefore in these cooling vessels
the clarified solution is forced back and forth through the several tubes 13 and 14,
and a cold solution to be subsequently treated in the heating vessels is allowed to
flow through the spaces within which the pipes are arranged, so that said cold
liquid may absorb a considerable amount of the heat contained in the liquid
treated.
From the pipe 17 a pipe 23 leads into the receiving chamber of the lower
vessel 21, and from the discharge chamber of the upper vessel 22 a pipe 24 leads
to and discharges into a settling tank 25. The pipe 24 is preferably provided with
a pressure regulator, here shown in the form of a safety valve 26, so as to give a
certain fixed amount of pressure in the closed vessel corresponding to the degree of
heat desired in the vessel.
From a discharge tank 27 a valved pipe 28 leads into the space surrounding the
tubes 14 and 13 in the upper vessel 22, and a pipe 29 leads from the chambers
surrounding the pipes in the lower vessel 21 into the receiving tank 18, which is
connected by a pipe 30 with the pump 15. The vessels 21 and 22 may be provided
with hand-holes having covers 31, so that by removing the said covers the interiors
of the vessels may be reached for the purpose of cleaning them.
The settling tank 25 has a series of partitions 32 extended upward from its
bottom to near its top, and a series of partitions 33 extending from the top portion
downward to near the bottom of the tank and alternating with the partitions 32.
The heat as soon as it strikes the liquors to be treated or clarified, separates the
pure liquor from the impurities, and to keep these impurities from settling in the
tubes in transit, this liquor must have a rapid circulation through the tubes.
To keep up this rapid circulation, about the same quantity of liquor must be
handled in a certain time, otherwise the liquor will deposit some of its impurities
in the tubes and finally stop them up. To obviate this, I provide each end of
certain of the tubes in both the heating vessels and the cooling vessels with
valves 34, having stem portions extended outward through the heads 6. This
will enable an operator to employ the necessary number of tubes for the quantity
of liquor to be treated. In each vessel I have shown 5 tubes above the
partition 9 and 5 tubes below the said partition. For instance, with all the tubes
open, a satisfactory circulation for 250,000 gallons daily is provided. If it is
desired to pass through the tubes 200,000 gallons per day, one pipe on each side
of the partition should be closed by its valve. If only 150,000 gallons are to be
circulated two pipes on each side of the partition should be closed; therefore it
follows that the greater the number of tubes closed the less liquid it will take to
keep up the proper circulation, thus making one apparatus available for different
quantities of liquor by the mere handling of the valves 34.
Each heating vessel may be provided with a thermometer so that the heat therein
may be ascertained at any time.
In operation, the solution to be treated is forced by the pump 15 into the
receiving chamber 10 of the vessel 1, thence through the pipes 13 into the
chamber 12 and thence through the pipes 14 into the discharge chamber 11, and
so on upward and out through the pipe 17, where it may be discharged into the
receiving tank 18 to be again treated if desired.
It will be seen that the pipe 23 is provided with a valve 35, which may be closed
to direct the liquid through the pipe 17 into the vessel or tank 18, and the pipe 17
is provided with a valve 36, which may be closed when it is desired to force the
clarified solution through the cooling vessels 21 and 22. It is to be understood

page_text: that while the solution is forced upward through the several heating vessels, the
heating medium, such for instance as steam, is forced downward and out through
the pipe 20.
Instead of discharging the clarified solution into the tank 18, the valve 36.
may be closed and the valve 35 opened, when the bot liquid will run through
the pipes 13 and 14 in the cooling vessels and out to the settling tank, and
at the same time a crude cold solution from the tank 27 will flow through
the cooling tanks and absorb a portion of the heat of the clarified liquid..
This cold liquid will flow into the tank 18 to be pumped to the heating
vessels.
By forcing the heating medium downward and the liquid upward, it is
obvious that the hottest liquid is always acted upon by the hottest portion of
the steam.
In Figure 5 are shown two partitions 35, one vertical and the other horizontal,
taking the place of the single horizontal partition 9, to better distribute and utilize
the heating medium.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is,
1. An apparatus for clarifying saccharine solutions, comprising a number of
heating vessels, one arranged above another and having connections one with
another, each vessel having chambers at its ends, tubes connecting said chambers,
partitions extended longitudinally through the vessels, means for forcing a solution
to be clarified through the series of vessels, and means for directing a heating.
medium through said vessels, substantially as specified.
2. An apparatus for clarifying saccharine solutions, comprising a series of vessels
connected one with another, each vessel having in one end a receiving chamber and
a discharge chamber, and at the opposite end a transferring chamber, tubes con-
necting the receiving chamber and transferring chamber, tubes connecting the
transferring chamber and discharge chamber, valves for closing the ends of certain
of said tubes, a partition extended longitudinally in the vessel and having a space.
between its end and one of the tube sheets, means for forcing a heating medium.
through the several heating vessels, means for forcing a liquid through the several
heating vessels in a direction opposite to that of the heating medium, a tank for-
receiving the liquid from the heating vessels, and a cooling vessel similar in
construction to the heating vessels, substantially as specified.
3. An apparatus for clarifying saccharine solutions, comprising a series of closed
heating vessels having connections for the passage of liquid to be treated, and also.
having connections for the passage of steam or other heating medium, circulating
pipes arranged in each vessel, cooling vessels comprising circulating pipes, one
vessel being connected with another for the passage of a hot solution and connected
one with another for the passage of a crude cold solution, a tank for cold solution
communicating with the cooling vessels, a pipe leading from the cooling vessels to
a settling tank, and a pipe leading from the cooling vessels to a receiving tank
having connection with a pump, for forcing the liquid through the heating vessels,.
substantially as specified.
4. Au apparatus for clarifying saccharine solutions, in which a crude solution is
forced in one direction through the heating vessels, and in which a heating medium
is forced through said heating vessels in a direction opposite to that in which the.
solution is forced, substantially as specified.
Dated this 5th day of May 1897
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents..