Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 9th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 1st June, 1889
I FREDERICK WILFRID SCOTT STOKES of 13 Holland Street Kensington London
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In former letters Patent No. 7,888, 1886; No. 9694, 1887 ; & 10764; 1887 I
have described various methods of manufacturing cement in a continuous &
economical manner.
The object of my present invention is the production of the finished cement
from the raw materials in the most simple & direct manner when the process
known as the "semi-dry process" is adopted for preparing the slurry materials.
For this purpose I prefer to employ three revolving cylinders placed in a line, or
as most convenient. The middle cylinder forms the furnace in which the cement is
burnt as described in my Patent No. 9694/87. The hot products of combustion pass
through the upper cylinder on their way to the chimney.
The
This cylinder is either a true cylinder with parallel sides, or a truncated cone.
under side of the cylinder dips into a tank containing the wet slurry prepared by the
'semi dry process" containing about 40 to 50% water.
"
This tank is fed by suitable channels under control leading from a slurry trough
kept supplied with slurry from the stones or other apparatus employed.
The heat from the products of combustion passing through the cylinder is taken up
by the walls of the cylinder & partially dries some of the slurry in the tank so that
as the cylinder revolves a coating of slurry is carried up from the tank, adhering
to it.
Suitable rakes or similar apparatus are arranged so as to form the slurry into
concentric rings or ridges on the face of the cylinder to facilitate the drying & also
to bring the slurry into a suitable form for burning.
A fixed scraper or other suitable device is arranged to remove the dry sticks of
slurry as the cylinder revolves. The dry slurry falls onto a conveyor and is either

page_text: fed into the drying cylinder, or is passed into the Revolving Furnace direct. The
furnace may be heated by the combustion of water gas, coal gas, shale oil, or other
combustible in the form of gas vapour or spray as found most convenient.
On leaving the furnace the burnt cement falls into a third revolving chamber lined
with fire brick so arranged as to slowly feed the hot clinker through it. This cylinder
fulfills the double purpose of cooling the hot clinker so that it may be readily handled
& ground; and also of heating the air necessary for combustion in the furnace, thus
recovering the heat from the clinker which would otherwise be wasted; as previously
described in my patent No. 9694, 1887. The clinker is then ready to be ground in
any of the ways now in use.
I sometimes prefer to vary the arrangement of the first or drying cylinder, for
instance I place a hood over it and pass the products of combustion directly in
contact with the wet slurry as well as through the cylinder, or I pass currents of air
under the hood to expedite the drying process.
I sometimes substitute a flat drying floor formed of metal plates onto which I pass
thin layers of slurry, which are formed into ridges or sticks by a travelling rake, and
finally removed when dry to the Furnace, but in all my apparatus as above described
I have for my object the economical formation of small pieces of slurry in a wet
condition which when dry will readily become burnt, without being carried away by
the products of combustion, and also the arrangement of parts so that all the heat
developed may be used to the best advantage and recovered from the burnt cement.
The manual labor also being reduced as much as possible.
Dated this the 9th day of July 1888

page_text: :
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Continuous and Economical Manufacture of
Cement.
I FREDERICK WILFRID SCOTT STOKES 13 Holland Street, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to the manufacture & burning of cement in a continuous
'manner so as to greatly reduce the cost of the labour & fuel required.
"
وو
"
My said invention comprises an improved method of producing cement by first
forming the previously prepared slurry into strips sticks or sheets of regular
transverse sectional area while in a semi liquid state on heated surfaces either
revolving or stationary, drying the same as herein after described subjecting them to
the intense heat of combustion in a furnace so constructed & contrived as to ensure
the constant exposure of the pieces or fragments of slurry to the action of the requisite
heat & to keep them relatively in motion, & in regular progression, in such a furnace,
for instance as what is well known as a Revolver ог Revolving furnace" which
is mounted on rollers, and set on a slight incline, so that as it rotates the slurry
passes gradually from the upper end, where it is continuously fed in direct from the
drying apparatus, to the lower end of the said revolving furnace, whence it is discharged
into a revolving cooling drum in the form of cement clinker in small fragment.
The said cooling drum being also mounted on rollers & at an inclination p
that the cement clinker travels along it, and is cooled by the passage of air to the
furnace.
In order to produce the required temperature in the furnace I prefer to use
what is known as the "regenerative system," in which the air is heated. previous
to combustion, either by contact with the issueing hot clinker, the passage of the
air being in the contrary direction to that of the hot clinker; or by the passage
through regenerative chambers, or parallel flues, of well known construction, instead
of the cooling drum aforesaid.
In the accompanying drawings I have shewn how my said invention may be con-
veniently & advantageously carried into practice.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal central section of one form of my improved
apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the said apparatus.
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view to an enlarged scale of the drying cylinder, near
the chimney.
Fig. 4 is a cross section, to an enlarged scale, of the drying cylinder & fittings.

page_text: Fig. 5 is a cross section to an enlarged scale of the revolving furnace near the lower
roller mounting.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the same & detail of roller.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged part section of the furnace lining shewing various forms of
bricks.
Fig. 8 is a cross sectional view of the upper end of the cooling drum.
Fig. 9 shews to an enlarged scale some forms of slurry markers for the drying
cylinder.
Fig: 10 is a part longitudinal section of the cooling drum & furnace shewing sundry
modifications of my said invention.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation & part section shewing the cooling drum arranged
under the furnace & drying cylinder.
Fig. 12 is a plan of the above arrangement.
Fig. 13 is a transverse section taken through the furnace & cooling drum, at the
upper end of the furnace.
Fig. 14 shews to an enlarged scale cross sections of the end of the cooling drum
fitted with gills.
Fig. 15 is a transverse section of the drying drum & fittings, shewing the slurry fed
from a trough at the side of the drum.
Fig. 16 is a part longitudinal section & elevation shewing the combination of the
cooling drum, furnace and cooling conveyor underneath.
Fig. 17 is a transverse section taken through the cooling conveyor & flues.
Fig. 18 is a part longitudinal section & elevation of the colling drum with a hood
for the return of the products of combustion outside the drum, & the furnace arranged
to deliver into trucks passing along a cooling flue.
Fig. 19 is a cross section through the lower end of the furnace brickwork shewing
truck & cooling flue.
Fig. 20 is a plan of the drying chamber & hood.
27
21 is a cross section through the drying chamber & hood.
Fig. 22 is a side elevation of the drying floor with moveable scraper & marker in a
combination with a furnace having the upper end enlarged.
Fig. 23 is a plan of the same.
Fig. 25 is a cross section taken through the drying floor.
Figs. 26 & 27 shew the marking & scraping carriage to an enlarged scale.
Fig. 28 is a plan & fig. 29 is a cross section of the circular drying floor having
revolving marking & removing apparatus in combination with the revolving
furnace.
Fig. 30 shews to an enlarged scale forms of gills for the drying floor.
Like letters and figures indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is the revolving drying drum. B the revolving furnace, C the cooling cylinder,'
D the gas producer, E the chimney, F the slurry tank, G the conveyor for feeding
the dry slurry into the furnace, & H the trucks or conveyor for removing the cool
burnt cement.
It will be understood that the products of combustion pass through the metal
drying drum A figs. 1 & 2, which is provided with diaphragins 1, and fitted at each
end to the brickwork.
It is mounted on supporting rollers 11, 12, & driven by a worm & worm wheel 2 & 2¹
by the pulleys 3.
The carriage carrying the flanged roller 1¹ is mounted on rollers or slings to allow
of the free variation in length of the drum A.
Other rollers 4 maintain the drum A in proper position, roller paths 4¹ are fixed at
the ends of the drum A which are enlarged to allow of a fire brick lining.
A slurry trough 5 is placed under the said drum A, which is fed with slurry
through the pipes 6 with valves 6' leading from a pump of ordinary construction
raising a definite quantity of slurry from the tank 7, according to the quantity of 5
ce:nent required to be burnt. The ends of the trough 5 are provided with sliding

page_text: plates 5 arranged to press against the underside of the drum A & hus prevent the
escape of the slurry.
To the side of the trough 5 is attached a hinged side 8 terminating in a series of
regular projections 81 which are pressed against the drum A by the springs 9. These
projections may be say from half inch to say two inches pitch & of any suitable
shape for marking the coating of slurry into ridges, examples of which are shewn to
an enlarged scale in fig. 9.
To the other side of the trough 5 is attached a hinged scraper 10 pressed against
the drum A by springs 10', and arranged so as to detach the dry slurry, and allow
it to fall onto the conveyor 11 running along side the drum A, & supported by
pulley wheels 12, & driven by the strap pulley 13.
This conveyor extends into the brickwork at the upper end of the furnace B and
delivers the dry slurry into the inclined passage 14 & thence by gravitation into the
end of the furnace B. The upper end of the passage 14 is provided with a hinged
flap 14 which when lowered allows the slurry to fall outwards, and not into the
furnace.
A hood 15 extends over the furnace B & continues at the side of the drying
drum A. The hot air thus collected assists the drying of the slurry. The delivery
of hot air at various parts is under control by slides provided in the side.
The tank 7 is intended to receive an intermittent supply of slurry from the wash
mills & stones of the usual "semi dry process" type.
The pipes 6 are provided with a valve 62 for emptying the trough 5 at any time.
A bye flue 15 is provided for taking the hot products direct from the furnace B to
the chimney E when required.
The revolving furnace B is formed of iron or steel plates & is provided with
roller paths 21 mounted on flanged live rollers 16 carried by a rocking frame 17
supported by pedestals 18 & 18'. The pedestals 18' are mounted on rollers to allow
of the free expansion of the furnace B. A worm & worm wheel 19 are provided
for turning the furnace B by the strap pulley 20. A thrust roller is arranged to
work either against the face of the worm wheel 19 or the roller path 21.
The brickwork is arranged to receive the ends of the furnace, and is formed
with the ramps 22, 23, so as to allow of the easy admission of the dry slurry; & the
egress of the burnt clinker.
The furnace B is lined with the best fire brick, ganister or other highly refractory
material 24 which will not form a flux with the lime.
The lining may with advantage be formed in any of the ways shewn fig. 7 the
cavities being filled with slag wool, silicate cotton or the like, to decrease the
conductivity of the lining.
The lining at the upper end of the furnace is formed into a lip 25, & at the lower
end projects so as to protect the metal drum.
The surface of the lining is smooth at the lower end, but is formed at the upper
end with projections such as are shewn to an enlarged scale fig. 7.
The gas port 26 admits gas from the gas producer D under control of the valve 27.
An auxiliary air inlet 28 is provided.
The gas producer D is built in the end brickwork and is of ordinary construction,
taking the required air from the cooling drum.
A bye flue 27 is provided for taking air direct to the chimney without passing
through the furnace.
The cooling drum C is formed of metal plates, & is lined with fire brick. It
is provided with projecting shelves 29. Roller paths, live rollers & rocking
frames 30 & 31 are similar to those for the furnace B, also the driving worm, worm
wheel & pulleys 32 & thrust roller 33.
An air valve 34 is mounted on the lever 35 and actuated from the platform 36 by a
rod or chain 37.
The truck 38 is arranged to receive the cool clinker issuing from the end of the
drum.
Various manholes, sight holes &c. 40, are provided for examination & access.

page_text: The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The gas producer D having been started the furnace B is heated up, the door 28
being left open, and the temporary gas pipe 39 being fixed & the gas lighted up
for heating up the cooling drum C.
As soon as the furnace lining is sufficiently heated the slurry pump is started,
and the trough 5 is filled. The drum A is then started with the heated gasses
passing through it.
The hot surface dipping into the slurry becomes coated. This coat is formed into
ridges by the markers 8. The heat from within aided by the hot air from tho
hood 15 from without dries the slurry, which on reaching the scraper 10 falls on to
the conveyor 11 which delivers it direct into the upper end of the furnace B, which
is slowly revolving; and thus continuously turns the contents over & over, exposing
them to the intense heat of combustion, until the requisite change is produced, & the
clinker thoroughly burnt.
It then falls down the ramp 23 into the revolving cooling drum C, where it meets
the air entering the furnace B & the gas producer D.
The air picks up the heat from the clinker & the hot walls. The clinker is thus
delivered cool & the air highly heated. Two very necessary conditions. It is taken
& ground in any of the approved methods; when it is ready for use.
The proper amount of air is admitted by the manipulation of the valve 34, while
the gas is regulated by the valve 27.
The cooling action on the clinker can be quickened by the use of the bye flue 27".
The heat passing through the drying chamber A can also be regulated by the use of
the bye flue 15ª.
Should the first portion of cement be insufficiently burnt, through the cool state of
the cooling drum, it may with advantage be laid on one side & put through again
when re-starting
Fig. 10 shews a modification of my apparatus in which the revolving cooling drum
is provided with spiral projections 41 forming grooves in which the clinker is elevated
to a higher level at the point of delivery 42, where it is taken away by the creeper
or conveyor 43 to be ground. The air valve 44 is mounted on the rocking
levers 45
Gas is supplied from a gas main 46 leading from a group of gas producers.
The gas is introduced into the furnace by a tube 46' having spiral partitions,
which give a rotary motion to the streams of gas, which promotes rapid combustion.
The furnace B is similar to that shewn in figs. 1 & 2 except that the lining has
an undulating spiral 47 formed so as to assist in the regular passage of the cement.
Fig. 11, sheet 2 shews a further modification, in which the cooling drum C is
placed under the Burning drum B otherwise the general arrangements may be
similar to those shewn in figs. 1 & 2.
I have however shewn a modification of the arrangement of the cooling drum C
& the drying drum A.
The lining 48 does not extend to the lower end of the drum, but is replaced by
a series of metal plates or "gills" which more readily abstract the remaining heat
in the clinker & thereby heat the incoming air.
It will be understood that the delivery of the slurry to the trough 5 may be by
gravitation from a tank 49, the delivery being controlled by the valves or shutters 50.
In this case the slurry marker & scraper &c. are on the reverse sides to the arrange-
ment shewn on fig. 5. The slurry, markers are mounted on arms allowing of the
free passage of air or slurry as & where required.
Figs. 16 & 17, sheet 3 shews the drying chamber A combined with a modification
of my apparatus in which the cooling drum C is replaced by a conveyor H, as
described in my specification No. 9694 1887. The air for supporting combustion
is admitted to the passage or flue 51 & is heated by the hot clinker travelling along
over the conveyor. The arrangement of drying drum A & furnace B is similar to
that shewn in figs. 1 & 2.
Figs. 18 to 20 sheet 3, show a somewhat similar modification in which the hot

page_text: clinker is delivered into trucks 52 travelling by gravity or otherwise along the
chamber 53 the air for the furnace passing over the hot clinker, and between the
gills 53 thus becoming heated.
The trucks are passed in at one end 54 & issue at the other.
The passage 54
for the admission of the trucks is arranged so as to exclude the air.
Fig. 19 shews a cross section of the truck & cooling flue arranged with pro-
jections over the trucks and sand joints 55 for keeping the wheels & axles cool.
The truck bodies are formed of fire brick, silica asbestos or other refractory
material. Suitable turntables or traversers are arranged for the easy passage to
& fro of the trucks to the grinding plant.
The drying drum A is arranged with an arched hood 56 supported on girders &
columns 57, and arranged with air tight flaps 58.
The products of combustion after passing through the drum, return through holes 59
formed in the end of the drum, and pass in contact with the coating of slurry, on the
surface of the drum, on their way to the chimney 60.
A worm conveyor 61 is shewn, and the slurry marking & removing apparatus &c.
is similar to that shewn in figs. 1 & 2. The admission of air to the furnace is controlled
by the flap 55¹.
In figs. 22 to 27, sheet 4 I have shewn an alternative way of forming the slurry,
while still wet, into a convenient form for burning on fixed plates, heated by the
waste products of combustion.
The slurry is deposited on the drying floors 62, 62¹, & 623 of any convenient
proportions, from the pipe 63, through outlets under control by the valve 64.
Moveable carriages 65 shewn in three different positions fig. 23 & to an enlarged
scale figs. 26 & 27 are arranged on wheels 66 & moved in one direction by the
chains 67, wound on drums 68, actuated by clutches & pinions & the spur gear 69
and in the other direction by the counterweights 70.
The shaft 71 is kept running by the pulley 72 & the spur gear engaged as & when
required.
The carriage 65 is arranged to rock on its axis & is provided with weighted throw
over levers 73.
Fig. 26 shews the carriage with the lever thrown over so as to press the scraper
plate 74 onto the drying floor for removing the dry slurry as the carriage is
travelled forward by the gear.
Fig. 27 shews the lever in the reverse position & the markers brought down in
contact with the floor for marking the slurry. The conveyor 75 receives the dry
slurry & transfers it to the inlet 76 of the furnace B, which is shewn in this case with
the upper end enlarged, so as to hold a greater quantity of unburnt material.
The mountings &c. of the furnace & cooling drum are similar to those shewn on
sheet No. 1.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-
The products of combustion are led under the floor 62, and the carriage 65 having
been run back by the counterweights 70, sufficient slurry is deposited to cover the
floor from the supply pipes 63 and roughly spread by hand, the carriage with the
lever &c. as shewn in fig. 27 is drawn by the gear across the floor to the other side,
marking the slurry on its way. The lever is then put in the mid position (so that
neither scraper nor marker touches the floor) and the carriage allowed to return
by reason of the weight 70. As soon as the coating of slurry is dry the lever is
put over as in fig. 26 so that the scraper presses on the floor, and the carriage again
traversed, detaching the dry sticks and carrying them forward to the conveyor 75,
where the carriage tips over on the rounded edge of the floor so as to clear off
all the loose sticks on the scraper.
The carriage is then allowed to return, & the operations of spreading & marking
are repeated.
The drying floor is conveniently carried by columns & girders with side walls &
double bottom formed of tiles laid above & between the cross girders.;. dwarf walls

page_text: divide the floor into sections so that the heat can be regulated by the dampers 77 in
the sides of the chimney 78.
I sometimes prefer to mount a small slurry tank on the carriage 65 containing
the required amount of slurry for one coating of the floor.
This tank is arranged on trunions and gradually tips over, and so empties its
contents on the floor, as the carriage is traversed forward.
Any kind of conveyor 75 may be used & the supply of slurry to the furnace B may
be made more regular by allowing the conveyor 75 to discharge into a feed hopper
provided with a suitable mechanical feed into the furnace B.
The size and thickness of the slurry sticks formed on the various sections of the
floor may with advantage be varied so as to obtain the best duty.
Figs. 28 & 29 sheet No. 4 shew an arrangement of drying floor arranged over a
circular flue 78 in connection with the furnace B. The products of combustion
entering from the furnace, pass round & escape up the chimney 89.
In this case it will be understood that the slurry is supplied through the pipe 79
having a radial arm 80 provided at the centre with a gland, and pivot mounting 81,
and at the other an enlarged chamber mounted on wheels running on circular rails at
the sides of the flue. The slurry passes by the valve 82' & through the enlarged
chamber and out through the marking plate 82 as the arm revolves by means of the
chain drum 83.
The dried slurry is detached & removed by the scraper 84 mounted with the slurry
arm.
The slurry falls from the plough shaped scraper onto the circular conveyor 85
travelling preferably in the opposite direction to that of the scraper.
This conveyor is mounted on a live ring of rollers about a central pivot, and is
driven by the chain drum 86.
A fixed plough 87 removes the dry slurry from the conveyor 85 and allows it to
fall into the inlet 88 formed in the end brickwork of the furnace B.
The products of combustion traverse the circular flue & escape into the chimney 89.
The top plates of the flue may be formed with gills to more readily abstract the beat,
such as are shewn fig. 30 to an enlarged scale.
The flue is formed of bricks & tiles forming a double bottom, & supported on girders
& columns.
Instead of a scraper & circular conveyor, a revolving scraper & conveyor leading
to the centre may be used, the slurry then falls into a second conveyor leading from
the centre to the furnace slurry inlet.
The action of this floor is obvious. The furnace B having been started & the heated
gasses having traversed the circular flue, the revolving slurry pipe is set in motion
and slurry allowed to escape through the valve 821.
The speed of the apparatus is such as, that by the time one revolution is performed,
the slurry is dry and ready to be removed by the scraper 84 onto the conveyor 85, a
fresh coating being at once applied.
The operations are thus perfectly continuous & by making the conveyor travel in
the opposite direction to the hot gasses in the flue, any slight inequality in the
drying power of the floor is equalised.
In the accompanying drawings I have purposely, for the sake of clearness, omitted
to shew any iron work for maintaining the brickwork, but it will be understood that
in all cases I prefer to thoroughly strap and tie the same, with channels, joists, bars,
angles, rods, or arch bars, in any of the ways now well known for maintaining brick
work of furnaces & the like, in a permanent manner.
In the foregoing description & in the accompanying drawings I have set forth
several ways in which my invention may be advantageously carried into practice,
but I wish it to be distinctly understood that 1 do not confine myself to the
precise arrangements shewn or described, or to the combination of the various
modifications in relation to the other parts of the apparatus shewn, nor do I confine
myself to the use of slurry prepared in the usual way, as my apparatus is also

page_text: The cooling drum may be a true cylinder, or truncated cone, or: formed ofa
combination of cylinders & truncated cones. It may be enlarged at the:upper, end..
so as to maintain a larger quantity of the highly heated clinker..
The valve for regulating the admission of air may be mounted on the end.of.the..
drum, & be actuated by screw or other gear.
Generally with regard to the relative positions of the drying apparatus; furnace
& cooling drum or conveyor, it is obvious that they may be greatly varied to meet
altered circumstances arising in practice. For instance the drying apparatus may
be placed at right angles to, or alongside the furnace, or above it, similarly the
cooling drum or conveyors may be placed either in a horizontal or inclined position,
and either at right angles to or alongside or underneath the furnace.
Further the drying, burning & cooling drums may be grouped in batteries either
side by side or head & tail as most convenient. Or one drying chamber may be
combined with two or more furnaces or cooling apparatus & conversely one furnace &
cooling apparatus may be. combined with two or more drying apparatus. Or the
cooling apparatus described in my specification No. 10764 1887 may be combined
with the drying & burning apparatus herein before described. Or a furnace &
regenerator may be combined with a drying & cooling apparatus, as herein before
described.
By the above described improved process of mechanically forming the slurry into
strips, sticks, or sheets I secure a great uniformity in burning due to the more
regular feed through the furnace than when powder is hurnt. I also effect a great
saving in the labour required as the whole of the operations of drying, burning &
cooling are continuous, and only require supervision. By forming the slurry at once
into a convenient form for burning and grinding I also save considerable expense and
complication, as no slurry crusher or clinker breaker is required.
Having now particularly described &r ascertained. the nature of "my said Inven-
tion, and in. what manner: the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The improved process of forming a coating or coatings of slurry on heated
surfaces by immersing the surface in fluid slurry, withdrawing the same, marking,.
drying & detatching the same substantially as & for the purpose set forth..
2nd. The improved method or process of producing cement by first. forming the
slurry into strips sticks or sheets of regular or uniform transverse sectional, area while.
in a semi fluid state; when in contact with heated surfaces, then drying the same &.
afterwards removing them, subjecting them to intense heat in a revolving cylinder;
drum or furnace; while they are kept relatively in motion, and finally cooling, the.
burnt clinker, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth.
3rd: The employment of one or more cylinders or drums (either cylindrical,
truncated, conical; or corrugated) arranged for the passage of the waste products of
combustion; while the lower surface dips into a trough containing slurry so that a
coating of slurry adheres, is marked into ridges, or left as a sheet, dried, & removed,
substantially as; & for the purposes set forth.
4th. The modifications of the aforesaid revolving drying cylinder, or drum by
which the waste products of, combustión are first conducted through. & then outside
in direct contact with the slurry..
5th. The combination of a revolving drying drum with apparatus for the continuous
supply of slurry, a conveyor, a revolving burning cylinder or furnace,.with or without
spiral lining, a gas producer, &. cooling apparatus consisting either of a cooling drum,
with or without helical projections or a conveyor or series of trucks in a flue provided
with projecting gills for absorbing the radiant heat & giving it up to the, air sub-
stantially as described.
6th. The combination of a revolving drying drum with apparatus for continuous
supply of slurry, a conveyor, a revolving burning cylinder or furnace, a gas producer,
& a regenerator, substantially as described.
7th. The improved method or process of forming slurry while still in a semi-liquid.
L..

page_text: deaning with materials made from purified chemical refuse such as "lime
mud" & the like.
It is obvious that without departing from the nature of my said invention the
various parts may sometimes with advantage be further modified.
For instance :-
With reference to the drying chamber A:-
It may be mounted on a live ring of rollers, or on carriages with two fixed rollers
each.
It may be driven by spur gear or chain gear.
The slurry marker may be fixed in any convenient position, and actuated by
weights instead of springs, and the slurry tank arranged overhead or at the side of
the drum.
The surface of the drum may be corrugated or fluted, and the drum may be a
truncated cone, or a combination of cylinders & truncated cones. The diaphragms
may be stationary and supported on a central frame, suitably cooled & carried by
the brickwork.
The scraper for removing the slurry may have a reciprocating or rotary motion.
The conveyor may be a worm or creeper.
The action of the drying drum may be increased by causing artificial currents of
air surrounding the same, or the heat may be applied direct to the surfaces of the
slurry, the hot gasses passing under a hood in a direction at right angles to the axis
of the drum.
The coating of slurry on the drum may be marked into lengths longitudinally by a
reciprocating or rotary markers alongside the drum & driven at a fixed speed as the
drum revolves.
The drying drum may be in parts provided with internal or external "gills" for
more readily abstracting the heat from the waste gases.
The drying drum may be in continuation of the furnace, and the dried slurry
elevated from the conveyor & delivered into the upper end of the furnace.
The slurry, when removed from the outer surface, may be fed into the interior of
the drum A, & then into the furnace. Spiral projections being provided in the drum
for conveying the slurry.
With reference to the burning furnace B. :-
It may be mounted on carriages provided with fixed rollers with provision for
expansion & driven by applying power to the axles of the rollers, or by spur or chain
gear.
Portions of the burning drum may be used for a drying drum, with slurry tank,
marker, scraper &c. & as herein before described.
The requisite temperature may be produced by the combustion of water gas; crude
creosote or other Hydro-Carbon, either in the form of spray or otherwise, in any of
the well known methods; or by means of powdered fuel fed in with the air necessary
for combustion.
The surface may be polygonal, or may be a truncated cone, with the larger end
either near to, or far from, the point of combustion, or it may be enlarged in any
way at the upper end, so as to hold a larger quantity of the unburnt materials;
or the upper portion of the furnace may be provided with shelves reaching to the
axis of the drum & arranged so as to pick up as much heat as possible & impart it
to the slurry thereon.
With reference to the cooling drum :—
It may be mounted on carriages provided with fixed rollers with provision for
longitudinal expansion and driven by applying power to the axles of the rollers, or by
spur or chain gear.
It may be of polygonal or rectangular cross section and may have a rocking
instead of a rotary motion.
The gas supply for the furnace may he led through a tube up the centre of the
cooling drum, thus becoming heated at the same time as the air for combustion. The
lower end of the gas tube being connected to the gas main by means of a glandular joint.
B

page_text: state into strips, sticks, or sheets, on heated surfaces removeing the same by means
of moving markers & scrapers, drying & burning the same substantially as & for the
purposes set forth.
8th. The combination of a drying floor either rectangular or annular in form, &
provided with moveable slurry supply, markers, scrapers, conveyors &c. with a
revolving furnace, a gas producer, a cooling drum, or conveyor contained in a flue
with gills substantially as described.
9th. The improved apparatus consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to figures 1 to 9, or Fig. 10, or figs. 11 to 1,
or figs. 16 & 17 or figs. 18 to 21, or figs. 22 to 27 or figs. 28 to 30, of the accom-
panying drawings & operating as and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 5th day of April 1889.
FREDERICK WILFRID SCOTT STOKES.
FREDERICK WILFRID SCOTT STOKES.