matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE AND MEANS FOR ARRESTING, CONDENSING, AND PURIFYING NOXIOUS VAPOURS ARISING FROM STREET SEWERS AND SUCH LIKE PLACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Rumbold at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1876.
EDWIN RUMBOLD, of Shadwell, in the County of Middlesex, Wheelwright.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE AND MEANS FOR ARRESTING, CONDENSING, AND
PURIFYING NOXIOUS VAPOURS ARISING FROM STREET SEWERS AND SUCH LIKE
PLACES."
The object of my Invention is the purifying or rendering innocuous the hurtful
vapours arising from the ventilators of street sewers and such like places, at present
a cause of serious injury to health, and I effect this by causing such vapours to be
condensed wholly or in part by the action of water and in such manner that any
vapour which may possibly escape shall by its passage through the water into the
atmosphere be rendered quite harmless.
My improvements consist in the construction of a hollow frame, tubular or other-
wise, of a shape by preference corresponding to that of the ventilator grating to
which it is to be applied, whatever the shape of that ventilator or outlet may be.
This hollow frame is on two or more sides opposite to each other by preference
perforated with a series of holes, and is connected with the water pipes in such
imanner that the force or pressure of the water will cause minute streams or jets of
water to meet or cross each other, or to impinge against each other so as to cause a
spray, by which any noxious air or foetid vapour or steam will be condensed and
thrown down with the descending water; or should any portion thereof ascend it
will in its passage through the spray have been so purified as to be rendered
innocuous and harmless. This hollow frame I place immediately bencath or at
some suitable place beneath the grating.
In some cases I may employ one, two, or more tubes suitably arranged, and each
having its separate inlet, and may provide each such tube, as I may provide the
frame itself, with two or more rows of perforations as may be found most suitable
to disperse the water to the full extent of the sewer outlet.
In some cases I construct the grating itself, or a part or parts thereof, hollow and
perforated, and admit the water thereto in a similar manner to that in which it is
admitted to the frame or tubes, so arranging or placing the perforations at to cause
the issuing streams to intermingle, as herein-before described.

page_text: The perforations need not necessarily be round, they may be slots or slits of such
an extent as may be found most suitable.
Instead of connecting directly with the water supply pipe or pipes I may inter-
pose at any suitable place a reservoir for water, and in any case may use with the
water some soluble disinfectant if deemed expedient.
PROVEMENTS IN CONVERTIBLE SCHOOL DESKS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Macintyre Cameron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1876.
« IM-
ROBERT MACINTYRE CAMERON, of the City and County of Edinburgh.
PROVEMENTS IN CONVERTIBLE SCHOOL DESKS."
My Invention of improvements in convertible school desks has for its object to
simplify and cheapen the construction and render more convenient the adjustment of
the desk in whatever position desired.
According to my Invention the desk is constructed of a board or flap hinged in
front of the top rail or flat part of the desk, in which the ink receptacles are placed,
the said flap being adjustable either to a horizontal position to form a table, or to a
sloping position to form a writing desk, or turned up to form a reading desk, or it
may be dropped so as to hang down out of the way when not required. The desk,
board, or flap is provided with a ledge on the under surface to form a book support;
when used for reading purposes the flap is turned completely upwards to a back-
wardly inclined position and retained by suitable stops.
In order to avoid the liability of pinching the hand in the opening between the
desk flap and the top rail of the desk the flap is so hinged or pivoted as to turn on
its upper edge as a centre by pivots in line therewith received in the end standards,
so that there shall be a close joint in the upper surface of the desk. The adjacent
lower edges of the flap and top rail are bevelled off to allow the flap to hang down
vertically when not in use. To support the flap in a horizontal or sloping position
I employ two swinging bracket armis mounted on vertical pivots near the end
standards at either end of the desk. The ends of these bracket arms have
adjustable blocks or rests to support the flap in the position desired; when not
required these arms are swung back out of the way.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES APPLICABLE FOR THE TEMPORARY REPAIR OF SHAFTS, POLES, AXLETREES, AND SPRINGS OF VEHICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Mayer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1876.
EDOUARD MAYER, of 42, Great Tichfield Street, Cavendish Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanic. "IMPROVED APPLIANCES APPLICABLE FOR
THE TEMPORARY REPAIR OF SHAFTS, POLES, AXLETREES, AND SPRINGS OF
VEHICLES."
The appliances are mainly composed of two long and narrow metal plates
pierced with several holes, and curved slightly on the outside, and hollowed on the
inside, the two plates being bound together by two riveted hinges. At the side of
the rivet of each hinge is a hinge piece, also riveted by the side, and having at its
top a square-headed screw which is tightened or pressed close to the shaft or
other fractured part of a vehicle by means of a T-shaped key. The point of
this screw lodges by the aid of the pressure in the holes of the plates before
mentioned.
The apparatus is composed entirely of metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILITARY SADDLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marcus Briscoe and Alexander
Ormond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June
1876.
ROBERT MARCUS BRISCOE, of the Junior United Service Club, Charles Street, in
the County of Middlesex, Captain, late of the 15th Hussars, and ALEXANDER
ORMOND, of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Bagot Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Serjeant-Major, late of the 15th Hussars. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MILITARY SADDLES."
Our Invention consists of the several improvements herein-after described in
military saddles, whereby increased strength, reduced weight, economy of manu-
facture, and greater efficiency in the saddle are secured.
We make the front fork or arch of the saddletree of one piece of oak, instead of
several pieces, as usual, the said solid fork or arch being cut out of the natural
elbow of the oak, or from the root of the oak in such a manner that the direction of
the fibre shall coincide or nearly coincide with the curvature of the said fork or
arch. After the front fork or arch has been thus cut from the oak we treat it by
sonking it for 48 hours or thereabouts in horse's urine. By this treatment the
wood is much toughened, and the small wood worm destroyed. The front fork or
arch is connected to the side boards in the usual way.
We turn up or slightly curve the rear ends of the side boards of the saddletree,
instead of making the said ends flat, as usual.
We prefer to make the said side boards of beech. By the turning up or slightly
curving of the rear ends of the side boards they do not press upon the back of the
horse to the same extent as when made flat.
We fasten the saddle to the horse by means of two girths, which are made to
cross one another under the horse's belly. By this arrangement the tightening of
the saddle may be more readily effected than when the ordinary girth is used, and
the breastplate and crupper are not required.
Instead of fastening the shoe cases to the saddle by straps passed through the
hind fork of the saddletree we make slots in the rear ends of the side boards of the

page_text: saddle tree, and pass the straps of the shoe cases through the said slots so as to
connect them to the side bars.
We line the pannels of the saddletree with felt, whereby the ordinary numnah is
dispensed with.
By constructing military saddles according to our Invention the said saddles are
made considerably lighter than ordinary military saddles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Augustus Walkington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1876.
JOHN AUGUSTUS WALKINGTON, of Bath Cottage, Harrogate, in the County of
York, Skate Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention consists in an improved swivelling or angling motion arranged to
permit the converging or diverging of the roller axes in plan, to oither right or left,
without rocking or tilting the foot board, but by simply increasing the weight on
the side of the foot on the inside of the curve it is desired to describe.
This is accomplished by passing the roller axles through inclined slots or planes in
elevation lettered in the bracket a in Figs. 1 & 7, on the Sheet of Drawings;
these inclined slots in both front and back brackets rise towards the centre of the
foot as shewn; the roller axes are held in the lower part of the slot and parallel
to one another by means of an elastic cushion or adjustable spring c in the higher
end of slot in bracket, when weight on the foot board is equally distributed
on either side. When it is desired to describe curves or figures the weight on the
foot board is increased on the inside edge of the curve or figure it is desired to
describe, when the axes overcome the resistance of the cushions or springs on the
same side on which the pressure of the foot is increased, and their centres on this
side approach each other in the inclined slots due to the assistance of the inclines,
and the mechanical advantage of the leverage being lengthened or increased on the
inside of the curve described by the axles.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, longitudinal section of bracket and elastic cushion. 2, end elevation of
same. 3, inverted plan of same.
4, longitudinal section of bracket and adjustable spring. 5, end elevation of same.
6, inverted plan of same.
7, part side clevation and part longitudinal section of complete roller skate.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, & 7, the letters refer to the following parts, bracket casting
secured to foot board y; b, inclined slots or planes for the roller axes to swivel in
when the weight on each side of foot board is unequally distributed; c, elastic cushions
or springs which maintain the roller axes parallel when the weight on the foot board
is equally distributed on both sides; e, axles on which the rollers run; f, rollers;
g, foot board, Figs. 4, 5, & 6. The letters refer to the same parts as above, excepting
adjustable plug or set screw.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR WEARING APPAREL.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aspinall Thiodon and John Pago
Hubbard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December
1876.
ASPINALL THIODON and JOHN PAGE HUBBARD, of the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR WEARING APPAREL.'
رو
This Invention relates to fastenings for wearing apparel, and consist of a strip or
piece of riband elastic or elastic webbing, upon each end of which is placed a buckle
constructed in the following manner :-
-The buckle consists of three or more cross
bars, through the openings between which bars and over and under the said bars
the elastic web or riband is interlaced, or said clastic web or riband is attached
directly to a cross bar of the buckle, and on the outer edge of the buckle and on the
under side thereof are two hooks or teeth.
In using the buckles and elastic strip or piece as a fastening for a "stock" or
neck band the stock will be placed around the neck, and the fastening, with the
clastic web or riband in a stretched condition, will be applied so that the hooks or
teeth on the buckles will engage with or take into the material or loops or hooks
thereon, and the contraction of the elastic, which will be exerted when the fastening
is left in position, will hold or bind the parts together, and this fastening is appli-
cable, as will be readily understood, to various articles of wearing apparel, such as
gloves, collars, and for gartering hose and the like.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Boyce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1876.
CHARLES BOYCE, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Anchor Smith. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ANCHORS."
My Invention relates to anchors, in which the cross is connected to the shank by
a joint, which anchors are commonly called portable anchors.
In the ordinary method of constructing the said anchors the cross referred to is
connected to the shank by the end of the latter being forked; the middle of the
cross is embraced by the arms of the fork, and a pin passing through the said fork
and cross connects the two parts together, and the cross turns upon the said pin.
When great strain is put on an anchor of the kind described the forked arın of the
shank is apt to give way, and the remedying of this defect is the principal object of
my Invention.
I construct the joint by which the cross and shank are connected in the following
manner: I dispense with the fork on the end of the shank, and make the said
shank of nearly the same thickness at its end as at its middle, the said end being of
a circular figure, and of somewhat larger diameter than the middle of the shank. I
make the cross stronger at its middle part, and cut or form a slot in the said middlo
part of the size and shape proper to receive the circular end of the shank, and to
permit of the ready turning of the cross upon the said circular end of the shank.
The said circular end of the shank is inserted in the said slot in the cross, and a
pin is passed through them, by which they are connected together, and upon which
pin the cross turns.
An anchor joint constructed in the way last described is very strong, and not
liable to the injury to which joints of the ordinary construction are liable when
strained.
My Invention consists further in adding to the shackle end of tho anchor and
immediately below the stock two projections or spurs. These spurs are situated
respectively on opposite sides of the shank, and in the same plane as the cross
or arms of the anchor, that is, at right angles to the stock; these spurs constitute
as it were a miniature cross or pair of arms near the stock end of the shank; they
are slightly curved upwards, that is, in the same direction as the cross arms, and
the distance from the extreme end of ono spur to that of the other is about one-half
.

page_text: of the distance between the extreme ends of the arms. The said spurs have a figure
somewhat resembling that of the ordinary palm or fluke. When the anchor is drawn
along one of the said arms enters the ground, and has an action similar to that of
one of the ordinary arms. The holding power of the anchor is consequently much
increased; the said spurs also prevent the ship with a long range of chain from
dragging her anchor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE This
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Baker at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1876.
WILLIAM BAKER, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
PRODUCTION OF IRON AND STEEL."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
This Invention relates to the treatment of cast iron when in a molten condition
in order to effect the entire or partial separation of the phosphorous contained
therein, and consists in the employment of chlorine, which by being injected into or
by being brought into contact with the molten cast iron effects the separation in
part or practically entirely of the phosphorous from the impure cast iron.
In carrying out this Invention I inject or pass into or bring in contact with tho
fluid molten cast iron chlorine in a gaseous form, and I prefer to submit the molten
cast iron to the action of chlorine before it has been subjected to the action of air, as
for example, in the Bessemer process or in the ordinary puddling process or to other
decarburizing processes.
Although I have mentioned the employment of chlorine gas, chlorine in con-
junction with other gases may be employed, but I prefer to employ chlorine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN SPRINGS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Temple at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1876.
GEORGE TEMPLE, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer to Edgar Allen
and Coz., Well Meadow Steel Works. IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY
AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN SPRINGS EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to improvements in buffers for railway and other purposes,
and in the construction of springs for the same, which springs may be also applied
to many other purposes, such improvements having for their objects obtaining
simplicity of construction generally and a greater amount of clasticity in the
spring.
In carrying out this Invention as applied to the construction of the buffer case
(which may be made of any suitable material such for example as wrought iron, cast
iron, steel, or malleable cast iron), I reserve the usual method of making buffer cases
and secure the plunger which is of a circular or other convenient shape to the
timber or framework of the vehicle. The head which also forms the plunger case
is made to slide easily over the fixed plunger, and between such head and the end
of the plunger within same (& which I prefer to make solid or in one piece) is placed
the spring or springs. Through the centre of the head is rivetted or otherwise
secured a tie bolt, which passes through the solid end of the plunger, and also serves
to keep the spring or springs in position, it is secured on the inside of the plunger
by a split cottar or other equivalent contrivance, and is of sufficient length to
allow of the desired amount of action.
The springs are of the kind known as circular dished or cushion springs, and aro
either forged or made from plate or sheet steel of either tapered or of uniform
section, and are provided with a central hole for the passage of the tie bolt. Each
spring in order to secure great elasticity is divided into any required number of
wings by slots in the circumference and reaching towards the centre bole, and the
wings may be bent alternately up and down, and the centre may be made flat or
otherwise. One or more springs of similar construction may be added to each
principal spring as back plates where additional strength is desired.
I prefer to arrange the springs in pairs with the concave sides opposite each other,
and between each principal spring there may be placed a plate of steel or other

page_text: suitable material as a friction plate. instead of allowing the springs to work upon
each other. These springs may be used in connection with draw bars and bearing
springs, and for various other purposes where springs are required. If desired
my arrangement of buffer cases may be used with the ordinary conical or volute
spring.
The fixed plunger may be constructed with 'a rin or flange forming a recess for
the reception of the springs.
AN IM- PROVED METHOD OF AFFIXING ADHESIVE STAMPS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by Arthur Whitcombe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1876.
ARTHUR WHITCOMBE, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester. "AN IM-
PROVED METHOD OF AFFIXING ADHESIVE STAMPS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
The stamps being seperated in rows as printed in the sheet perpendicularly are
wound round a disc of suitable size as shewn in the Drawing hereunto annexed
forming part of this my Specification (leaving one obtruding), which is enclosed in a
metal drum case or hollow wheel of same size, allowing the space required for
stamps, on the outside of which is registered the number of stamps contained, this
drum case or hollow wheel has an opening sufficient for the easy passing of one
stamp; the diuin case or hollow wheel is fixed by brackets or otherwise to a small
table or stamping board, in which immediately under the projecting stamp is
inserted a small cistern filled by a sponge saturated with water, over which a
hinged flap or press is placed, leaving a space of about three-sixteenths of an inch
in depth One half of the flap or press is gently pressed upon the stamp and
sponge, when by the movement of a lever attached to the disc holding the stamps
the projecting and damp'd stamp is passed on to the letter or paper placed on the
table. When the other half of hinged flap or press furnished with a sharp edge on
the side next the sponge, and being immediately over the perforated part of the
stamp is pressed upon the letter or paper which may then be withdrawn. The
lever is balanced by weight, and on being released by the hand returns to an
upright position where it is caught by a small projecting pin attached to the disc,
by which it brings forward another stamp. The operation of affixing a stamp may
be effected in four seconds.
The machines can be made to contain any number of stamps, may be attached to
any table or shelf, and are made to contain and affix postage and receipt stamps,
may be made in any metal, in large sizes in wood.
ARTHUR WHITCOMBE. (L.S.)
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Sealy Allin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1876.
SAMUEL SEALY ALLIN, of 71, Cadogan Place, in the County of Middlesex.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES."
The Invention relates to that description of skate used on rinks, artifical ice,
or other smooth surface, and is designed for the purpose of enabling the user thereof
to perform with ease any movement or gyration desired on surfaces of limited area
or to attain a high speed with little exertion.
The improvements consist in first mounting the axles of the rollers or runners
front and back to the stock of the skate by means of jointed vertical studs, the joints
of which permit the lower pendant portions thereof to move in a direction trans-
verse to the stock, these lower pendant portions form pivots and carry the axles of the
rollers which turn on them as cross heads and are free to revolve in a direction
parallel to the length of the stock; but in order to govern and guide these motions
(viz.),the transverse motion of the pendant portions of the studs and the revolution,
of the axles round their pivots so that the rollers situated at each end of the said
axles will adjust their positions readily and with the greatest nicety to the varying
pressures of the foot, and assume the positions necessary for describing the desired
curves, I secure to the stock at each side of each jointed vertical stud inclined guide
curves in character approaching that of an epicyloidal or ellipse. In contact with
the axles I employ springs which exert a pressure thereon, which in their normal
state maintain the said axles in a position directly transverse to the length of the
stock, and will also cause such axles to resume such said position after each diver-
gence therefrom, and immediately the pressure on the rollers is uniform, set screws
or other equivalents are so arranged in connection with the springs that their
flexible pressure on the axles of the rollers can be increased or diminished at pleasure
according to the requirements of the skater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TABLE AND OTHER LIKE KNIVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lamb Hancock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1876.
JAMES LAMB HANCOCK, of 118, Shacklewell Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TABLE AND OTHER
LIKE KNIVES."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cleaning table and
other like knives, and consists in mounting or fitting withing a casing two or more
drums or discs to rotate horizontally. The drums or discs of each pair, if more
than one pair be fitted, are provided with cow hair or horse hair, and combined or
not with leather or other soft yielding material for operating in combination with
emery or other powder for cleaning and polishing the blades of the knives which
are fitted in between the drums or discs.
The handles of the knives are held firmly in sockets provided on the outside of
the casing, to which sockets, clips, sliding rings, screws, or springs are fitted for the
purpose. One or both of the drums or discs of each pair is composed of sections,
which are hinged at the meeting edges in order that each section may rise and fall,
and adjust itself to the thickness of the blade, over or under which the drum or disc
passes, the sections being held to the centre eye or square, by which they are
rotated as a disc by radial arms to which the sections are connected. The pressure
upon the blade is thus uniformly distributed, and an equal cleaning takes place
from the toe to the heel of the blade.
The drums can be rotated by a crank handle on the vertical shaft, or the vertical
shaft by bevil gearing from the side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER RAISING APPARATUS FOR TABLE FOUNTAINS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1876. A communication from
Otto Gleisle, residing at Pforzheim, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER RAISING
APPARATUS FOR TABLE FOUNTAINS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES." A cominunication.
My apparatus has for its object the raising of water by means of air pressure.
The said Invention may be carried into practice as an ordinary water pump, as a
fire engine, or as a rooin fountain.
I provide a case or box for receiving the whole apparatus. In this case is arranged
on each side a cylinder, and each cylinder has two valves. Those valves are fixed
in trunks of pipes. Some of the said valves lead outward whilst others unite the
cylinders with the air chambers. On the said case or box rest two blowers, which by
means of tubes are in combination with the cylinders and through pipes and valves
are in communication with the outer atmosphere. The said case is placed in the
reservoir from which the water is to be raised. If by the blower the air is pressed
on the water in the corresponding cylinder one valve is closed and the water is
by ineans of the other valve forced into the air chamber and therefrom into the
raising tube. If the pressure ceases the second or last-named valve prevents the
return of the water contained in the air chamber, whilst the blower ascends in
order to draw a new quantity of air through the pipe; the first-named valve is
opened by the pressure of the outer water for admitting the latter into the cylinder,
and the above-described action is repeated..
In carrying my Invention into practice the blower need not be placed immediately
on the casing, but the same may be removed from the latter to any distance, both
parts being then united by pipes or hose. The air case and ascending pipe may
also be removed from the cylinder and united therewith by pipes or hose.
Although my Invention may be employed for water elevators of all kinds, it is to
be employed by preference for a room fountain. The blower, noved by clockwork,
is contained in a small case, which may be made to represent a house, and is in
communication with the air vessel and the ascending pipe by a hose of caoutchouc.
The air vessel may also be dispensed with, but in such case the continuous air
pressure is lost and the water is raised with an intermittent action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES AND LADDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Oswald Murry and James
Moss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September
1876.
GEORGE OSWALD MURRY, of Gunnersbury, in the County of Middlesex, and
JAMES Moss, of Witham, in the County of Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
AND LADDERS."
Our Invention relates to fire escapes and ladders, and consists in the employment
of an extensible frame constructed on the principle of the lazy-tongs, to support
the canvas tube or shoot of the escape, or the rungs of the ladder as the case
may be.
The advantages of the Invention as applied to a fire escape are that the escape
is considerably lighter and less cumbrous, and may therefore be transported where
required with greater speed, which is an important point in cases of emergency
where life is endangered by delay in conveying the escape to the locality of the fire.
It is also less expensive to construct, and being capable of contraction within the
space a few feet it requires less room when housed.
According to our Invention the fire escape is constructed of a base or frame
mounted on wheels, upon which is mounted two side frames composed of levers
jointed together on the principle of the lazy-tongs, the said side frames being
braced together by cross bars at the joints of the levers forming a ladder for the
firemen to ascend. These frames are so mounted on the base that when they are
extended to their utmost length they reach to the greatest height to which the
escape is required to be elevated, and are slightly inclined to admit of the escape
being planted against the wall of a building in the usual way. To the joints of
these side frames are connected half hoops to carry the usual canvas bag or shoot
for the descent of the persons escaping.
The apparatus is elevated or lowered by means of a screw shaft worked by a
crank handle, and mounted in the base frame, the said screw shaft working through
a nut which travels along it, and is fixed in a cross bar sliding in guides in the base

page_text: frame, which cross bar unites the front limbs of the two sets of lazy-tongs composing
the side frames, the rear limbs being jointed to the base. In this way the side
frames can be extended or contracted in the well known manner of lazy-tongs in
order to elevate or lower the shoot; when lowered the shoot being flexible collapses
into a small space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ASBESTOS PAPER AND MILLBOARD
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Wotherspoon, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ASBESTOS PAPER AND MILLBOARD."
Sealed the 14th October 1876, and dated the 15th August 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wotherspoon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1876.
JAMES WOTHERSPOON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASBESTOS PAPER AND
MILLBOARD."
paper and
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of asbestos
millboard. Such paper and millboard consist of fibres of asbestos. or amianthus
compacted together into sheets, and so produced, either by the hand or machine
processes of making paper or millboard.
The object of this Invention is to cause the asbestos fibres to cohere with greater
tenacity and to work easier in paper or millboard machines or apparatus than when
made after the manner of making ordinary paper or millboard, and it consists in
the introduction or use with the pulp or fibres of a material which not only has the
quality herein-before mentioned, but also is more or less capable of resisting the
action of heat.
The substances used under this Invention for effecting the object herein-before
mentioned are the alkaline and earthy salts, and especially the tungstate of soda.
The proportion of the salts or tungstate of soda used in the manner herein-before
described is variable, and depends upon the quality of the asbestos or amianthus
employed.

page_text: Another part of the Invention consists in the mixture or combination with
asbestos of the fibres of other substances, such as flax, hemp, tow, jute, or others of
analogous quality, the effect of which is to bind or to cause the asbestos to cohere or
be more compacted together. These fibrous substances may be mixed or combined
with asbestos in variable proportions.
6
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING AND SUBMERGED SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1876. A
communication from abroad by Joseph Marie Juvenal and Pierre Adolphe
Gravot, both of Paris, France.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING AND SUBMERGED SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN
THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING THE SAME." (A communication to
me from abroad by Joseph Marie Juvenal and Pierre Adolphe Gravot, both of
Paris, France).
According to this Invention the bow or front part of the boat, ship, or other
vessel is made in the form of a cone, and the sides tapering from front to back or
stern. A conical propelling screw is placed on the cone, and penetrates during its
revolution horizontally into the water like a gimlet or auger; this cone screw
propeller is mounted on a shaft, which is caused to revolve by any suitable motor.
The friction due to the resistance of the water in front will be thus transferred
into tractive force, and the friction and resistance of the water against the sides
acting from the rear to the front will be thus transformed into tractive force.
Instead of one cone screw in front there may be a series or system of cone
screws combined. The outer front end of the propeller shaft may be provided with
a cushion or buffer similar to a railway carriage buffer.
A boat or vessel of this description may be formed with a compressed air chamber
(similar to the air vessel in a fish), and thus be used for submarine propulsion at
any desired depth.
ROLLER SKATES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Keel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1876.
GEORGE KEEL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
ROLLER SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object the affording facility for describing curves at
the will of the skater without the necessity for locking or crainping the axles of the
rollers, or in any way altering their position as regards the stock, which in this.
improved skate is rigidly secured to the axles. By this improved arrangement I am
enabled to produce a skate which not only affords greater safety to the wearer, but
by being of a much more simple construction can be made more economically than
the ordinary roller skates provided with adjustable axles.
According to my Invention I rigidly secure to the under side of the stock near
to the toe and heel thereof metal brackets or supports within which each axle is
carried, the said axles being fixtures, and having the rollers running loosely thereon.
These axles in lieu of being straight or at right angles to the centre line of the
stock from end to end are slightly bent inwards or towards each other horizontally
at their outer portions, so as to form one or more angles, a short length in the
middle of each axle being left straight or at right angles to the centre line of the
stock. The said axles, although thus angled or bent in a horizontal plane, are per-
fectly horizontal from end to end. On the central straight portion of each of these
axles there is mounted loosely a roller having its periphery by preference slightly
rounded, and on each angular portion of the axles there are also mounted loosely
side by side other rollers having by preference slightly rounded peripheries, but the
diameters of these rollers on each side of the central and largest roller is graduated
so that the outside rollers are the sinallest.
Whilst skating in a straight direction the skater by keeping the skates upright
will run only upon the central or largest rollers, but by inclining the skate and axles
bodily to either side more or less his weight will be borne by the smaller rollers,
which being mounted on permanently converging portions of tho axles will cause
the skater to describe a curve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHI- ING, BRUISING, OR GRINDING GRAIN, MINERALS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1876. A communication from
abroad by Frederick Steimmig, of Ebenfurth, in the Empire of Austria.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHI-
ING, BRUISING, OR GRINDING GRAIN, MINERALS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES." A
communication.
These improvements relate to machinery for crushing, bruising, or grinding grain,
bones, minerals, or other substances, but more especially for crushing or bruising
grain. I construct such machinery with a ring-shaped stone mounted on a horizontal
shaft, and so arranged as to rotate vertically with one of its sides opposite to a
fixed crushing piece; substances introduced between the fixed crushing piece and
the side of the rotating crushing ring will therefore be subjected to a crushing,
bruising, or grinding action. The said crushing piece is so arranged on a slide rest
that it can be adjustably fixed at any suitable distance from the rotary crushing
ring. The crushing surfaces of the rotary ring and of the fixed piece are suitably
hewn or dressed, the latter piece preferably in parallel lines of any number and in
any direction desired. An opening to admit the material to be crushed is also
arranged in the fixed piece.
The rotary ring can be driven at any suitablo speed, and the substances to be
crushed are admitted above, between it and the fixed crushing piece, by means of a
hopper or shoot, or in any other suitable manner, the crushed product escaping at
the bottom.
If desired, both the side surfaces of the rotary ring may be utilized for crushing
purposes by using the fixed crushing pieces, one at each of the opposite sides of the
rotary ring.
In constructing the rotary ring according to this Invention it is not necessary to
use natural stone, as artificial stone or the material from which the well known
emery wheels are made may be used in its stead. The fixed crushing piece need
not necessarily be made of any kind of stone, as chilled cast iron or other suitable
material may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR HEATING WATER, FOOD, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Neville Sawkins, of no fixed residence, but at
present of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR HEATING WATER, FOOD, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES.”
aled the 19th May 1876, and dated the 2nd March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Neville Sawkins at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1876.
JAMES NEVILLE SAWKINS, of no fixed residence, but at present of 23, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR HEATING
WATER, FOOD, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for heating water, food,
and other substances, and relates to a portable vessel and cover so arranged that
the cover may be removed from the vessel, and when reversed in position serve by
suitable legs to support the vessel, so that a small space shall be left between the
bottom thereof and the cover to enable the latter to be used as a receiver for spirit,
which, when ignited, will effect the warming of the contents of the vessel. For this
purpose the vessel may be formed of any suitable shape, preferably in the form of a
The
truncated cone the base of which forms the upper edge or lip of the vessel.
cover is made to fit the edge or lip of the vessel, and has an annular projection
around it which serves to obtain a secure seat for it when reversed, the recess in
the middle of the cover serving to receive a ring or bale by which it may be held
in removing it from the vessel. The legs or supports are fixed to the under or
inner side of the cover, and stand at or about right angles thereto, and are formed
preferably curved on their inner faces in order the more securely and firmly to
support the vessel when warming the contents thereof.
CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Stevens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1876.
MATTHEW STEVENS, of Bath, in the County of Somerset.
CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The improvements have for their object the prevention of down draught and
consequent return smoke in chimnies, and consist in the application to chimney tops
as at present constructed or specially constructed for the purpose, whether of metal
or other material, of a fan of metal or other convenient material set horizontally,
and rendered capable of revolving within and at or near the top of the chimney
top, and so arranging blades of said fan that warm air and smoke shall cause the
fan to revolve, and the smoke to pass.
The improvements can be performed very conveniently by making the top and
fan of metal. The fan may have five blades feathered at such an angle as to be
about three inches apart, and mounted on a pin working on a top and bottom stay
fixed within the chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOCAL CLOSETS AND THE TREATMENT OF EXCRETA."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Conway Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1876.
<<
CONWAY SCOTT, of Grovefield, in the County of Down, in Ireland, Civil Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOCAL CLOSETS AND THE TREATMENT OF EXCRETA."
My Invention relates to dry closets, night stools, pails, pans, or other vessels
employed for the reception of fecal excretions and urinary discharges from the
human body in or about houses, offices, and other buildings; and its object is to
facilitate the removal of such excretions and discharges, and the separation and
treatment of the solid and liquid portions thereof so as to reduce the most fertilizing
constituents to a small bulk with as little loss and delay as possible.
For these purposes I attach to or introduce within the closet, night stool, pail,
pan, or other vessel employed as above mentioned an impermeable bag, into which
the excreta and discharges fall, having a mouth which may be securely closed
during the removal of the contents in or from such closet, night stool, pail, pan, or
other vessel, in order to prevent the escape of any of the excreta or discharges collected
therein.
The liquid portion of the contents is to be poured off and the solid portions which
remain may be removed to a drying room and mixed up and dried with ashes,
earths, or other substances either in the bag or after being emptied out of it. The
bag may then be cleansed and dried for further use.
The liquid portion when poured off may be evaporated, and the residuum either
mixed with the solid portion or otherwise employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Howitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1876.
WILLIAM HOWITT, of Ilford, in the County of Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
SKATES."
In constructing roller skates according to this Invention I employ six rollers,
arranged three in front and three at the back of the footstock of the skate near
each extremity thereof. The middle roller of each set of three is formed cylindrical
and straight with rounded edges, and the other two rollers of each set is similarly
formed and arranged one at each side of the aforesaid cylindrical roller, and an
important feature in this Invention consists in mounting each set of rollers on an
axle so formed as to incline the said outer rollers which are smaller in diameter in
an inclined position suitable for enabling the skate to move in a curved direction,
either to the right hand or to the left as desired, that part of the axle of each centre
roller is made at right angles to the centre line of the footstock. These axles with
their rollers are fixed to and move with the footstock as it is rocked or tilted or
kept horizontal according to the direction in which it is desired to move or propel
the skate. The action of a skate thus constructed is as follows:-To move the
skate in a straight line the two middle rollers of each set are brought into action,
the footstock in this case being horizontal or nearly so. But on requiring to propel
the skate in a curved direction the skater by exerting side pressure on the foot-
stock brings the front and back outermost inclined rollers of each set into contact
with the surface skated upon, and thus causes the skate to move in a curved
direction, and upon the side pressure being removed the contact of the aforesaid
inclined rollers will be removed and the skater be enabled again to go straight
forward, or by exerting pressure on the opposite side of the footstock bring the
outer inclined rollers at this side into action, and thus cause the skate to move in an
opposite curved direction as desired. By this arrangement the necessity for employ-
ing springs as usually practised to return the foot stock to the horizontal position is
entirely dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FASTENING THE FRAMES ON TRAVELLING BAGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1876. A communication from
Huppe and Bender, residing at Offenbach, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR FASTENING THE FRAMES ON TRAVELLING BAGS." A communication.
This Invention has for its object to fasten in a more easy and firm manner the
frames on travelling bags, by which the frame is not as hitherto sewed to the bag,
but pressed by its edges round the bag edges.
.
In practising this Invention the frame of the travelling bag has its edges bent
over. The edges of the bag are provided with a cord sewed thereon, and aro
placed in the groove formed by the bent edges of the franc. The latter are pressed
round the edges of the bag by means of an apparatus having a hook worked by a
lever. The said bag and frame are brought to the said apparatus and the lever is
moved downwards, by which movement the sliding hook is raised and compresses
the bent edge of the frame round the edge of the bag.
A NEW METHOD OF TREATING NITRATED ALKALIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM NONDELIQUESCENT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1876. A communication from
abroad by Adolphus William Wahlenberg, of Stockholm, Sweden.
PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London. "A NEW METHOD OF TREATING
NITRATED ALKALIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM NONDELIQUESCENT."
A communication from abroad by Adolphus William Wahlenberg, of Stockholm,
Sweden.
According to this Invention nitrated alkalies are mixed with hydrocarbons
not liquifying at ordinary temperatures, such as stearine, paraffin, and such
analogous substances. When such hydrocarbon is in the solid state at ordinary
temperature it must be made liquid by heating before mixing with the nitrated
alkalies, which thereby are to be made nondeliquescent. The nitrated alkalies thus
impregnated do not imbibe moisture from the air, and may be employed to
compounds of an explosive nature with great security and advantage.