MAKING AND WORKING A MANUFACTURE FOR APPLING A METHOD OF CASTING AND FORMING METALLIC SUB- STANCES INTO VARIOUS FORMS AND SHAPES, WITH IMPROVED CLOSENESS AND SOUNDNESS IN TEXTURE
Year: 1819

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HOLLINGRAKE, of Manchester, in the County of Palatine of Lancaster,
Mechnic, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of May,
in the fifty-ninth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said James
Hollingrake, my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Hollingrake, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "MAKING AND WORKING A
MANUFACTURE FOR APPLING A METHOD OF CASTING AND FORMING METALLIC SUB-
STANCES INTO VARIOUS FORMS AND SHAPES, WITH IMPROVED CLOSENESS AND SOUNDNESS
IN TEXTURE;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that if
I, the said James Hollingrake, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that
then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by
the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that my said Invention and improvement consists of
making and working a manufacture for applying a method of casting and
forming metallic substances into various forms and shapes with improved
closeness and soundness in texture; and which I produce and effect by
making moulds. of iron or other suitable materials adapted to the form and
dimensions of the article required to be made, and into which iron or
other mould I introduce iron or other suitable pistons or moving plugs
properly fitted in the moulds, and each piston of such an area as shall at least
be equal to each of the same. ends of any required casting or body to be made,
and which pistons or moving plugs must be brought either simultaneously or
separately to press upon the lower and upper surfaces of any quantity of fluid
metallic substance that is intended to be formed into one body, before which
I place a sufficient quantity of metal in any proper furnace, pot, or cruisable
to be melted, and when it is so reduced into a proper fluid state I then
pour or introduce into a suitable mould placed in a vertical position a suffi-
cient quantity of such fluid metal; and when it is so introduced into the
mould, and then by means of a rapid, continued, and adequate mechanical
pressure acting on the lower and upper pistons or moving plugs I cause the
fluid metal to be compressed into a much less compass or space than it would
have naturally assumed by its own gravitation under any state of ordinary
contraction; and thus I produce a peculiar soundness of external surface, and
an uniform closeness of texture commensurate to the force or power applied
and conveyed to such pistons or moving plugs, and which pressure may be
continued until the fluid metal is sufficiently fixed and fully set into its required
form, or to any stage of desired contraction. Various methods, machines, and
contrivances familiar to any competent workman may be used for this object
of compressing metal from a fluid state into any prácticable degree of con-
sistency, closeness, or solidity in suitable moulds, with their pistons and moving
plugs, with more or less effect, as the nature and extent of the operation
requires. The application of any of the well-known mechanical powers, the
screw, the wedge, the the lever, the rack and pinion, the hydromechanical
press, or simple weights, may be brought to act either separately or unitedly
on the pistons or moving plugs in the iron or other suitable moulds; and one
or more of which powers must, however, be either jointly or separately applied
to the pistons or plugs of every mould before my improved method and process
of casting can be effectually used and employed. Founders and others who
are engaged in the making and working metallic substances which are to be
cast into forms or bodies by the ordinary means of casting metallic substances,
know the great difficulty and uncertainty constantly experienced in procuring

page_text: sound bodies on their external surfaces, much less through the whole material
or mass of which any cast body may be composed. My Invention and im-
provement in the method of casting metallic substances not only obviates and
removes the great general imperfections in metal casting, but insures a sound-
ness of surface and a closeness of texture hitherto unknown and unpractised
until the period of my Invention; and it will be found to be of great value
and advantage in the making of cannon and ordnance, of plates and ingots,
for rolling or otherwise, of cylinders, cones, bars, and various other articles, and
of such shapes and dimensions and of such metallic substances as can advan-
tageously be constructed and made by the application and use of my improved
method of casting metals.
In witness whereof, the said James Hollingrake, party hereto, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and nineteen.
O

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HOLLINGRAKE, of Manchester, in the County of Palatine of Lancaster,
Mechnic, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of May,
in the fifty-ninth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said James
Hollingrake, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Hollingrake, my exors,
admors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "MAKING AND WORKING A
MANUFACTURE FOR APPLING A METHOD OF CASTING AND FORMING METALLIC SUB-
STANCES INTO VARIOUS FORMS AND SHAPES, WITH IMPROVED CLOSENESS AND SOUNDNESS
IN TEXTURE;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that if
I, the said James Hollingrake, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that
then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by
the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that my said Invention and improvement consists of
making and working a manufacture for applying a method of casting and
forming metallic substances into various forms and shapes with improved
closeness and soundness in texture; and which I produce and effect by
making moulds of iron or other suitable materials adapted to the form and
dimensions of the article required to be made, and into which iron or
other mould I introduce iron or other suitable pistons or moving plugs
properly fitted in the moulds, and each piston of such an area as shall at least
be equal to each of the same ends of any required casting or body to be made,
and which pistons or moving plugs must be brought either simultaneously or
separately to press upon the lower and upper, surfaces of any quantity of fluid
metallic substance that is intended to be formed into one body, before which
I place a sufficient quantity of metal in any proper furnace, pot, or cruisable
to be melted, and when it is so reduced into a proper fluid state I then
pour or introduce into a suitable mould placed in a vertical position a suffi-
cient quantity of such fluid metal; and when it is so introduced into the
mould, and then by means of a rapid, continued, and adequate mechanical
pressure acting on the lower and upper pistons or moving plugs I cause the
fluid metal to be compressed into a much less compass or space than it would
have naturally assumed by its own gravitation under any state of ordinary
contraction; and thus I produce a peculiar soundness of external surface, and
an uniform closeness of texture commensurate to the force or power applied
and conveyed to such pistons or moving plugs, and which pressure may be
continued until the fluid metal is sufficiently fixed and fully set into its required
form, or to any stage of desired contraction. Various methods, machines, and
contrivances familiar to any competent workman may be used for this object
of compressing metal from a fluid state into any practicable degree of con-
sistency, closeness, or solidity in suitable moulds, with their pistons and moving
plugs, with more or less effect, as the nature and extent of the operation
requires. The application of any of the well-known mechanical powers, the
screw, the wedge, the the lever, the rack and pinion, the hydromechanical
press, or simple weights, may be brought to act either separately or unitedly
on the pistons or moving plugs in the iron or other suitable moulds; and one
or more of which powers must, however, be either jointly or separately applied
to the pistons or plugs of every mould before my improved method and process
of casting can be effectually used and employed. Founders and others who
are engaged in the making and working metallic substances which are to be
cast into forms or bodies by the ordinary means of casting metallic substances,
know the great difficulty and uncertainty constantly experienced in procuring

page_text: sound bodies on their external surfaces, much less through the whole material
or mass of which any cast body may be composed. My Invention and im-
provement in the method of casting metallic substances not only obviates and.
removes the great general imperfections in metal casting, but insures a sound-
ness of surface and a closeness of texture hitherto unknown and unpractised
until the period of my Invention; and it will be found to be of great value
and advantage in the making of cannon and ordnance, of plates and ingots,
for rolling or otherwise, of cylinders, cones, bars, and various other articles, and
of such shapes and dimensions and of such metallic substances as can advan-
tageously be constructed and made by the application and use of my improved
method of casting metals.
In witness whereof, the said James Hollingrake, party hereto, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and nineteen