Improvements in or relating to Machinery employed in the Manufacture of Earthenware and like Sanitary Pipes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Laft, 11th June, 1895-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Machinery employed in the
Manufacture of Earthenware and like Sanitary Pipes.
We REGINALD STANLEY of Nuneaton in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer
and GEORGE BECK of Stockinford near Nuneaton aforesaid Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to machinery employed in the manufacture of earthenware
and like sanitary pipes from clay or other plastic substance and consists of
improvements in the socketing or socket forming portion of such machinery and
also of improved means for balancing or raising and lowering the table or platform
upon which the socket end of the pipe rests as it descends from the die of the
machine.
It has been found that the oil or other lubricant generally used in order to
prevent the clay of the pipe socket adhering to the socket mould often enters the
clay (apparently through flaws or cracks caused by the clay passing over the bend)
and remaining therein prevents the same from being pressed evenly and fairly
together.
Our present invention is intended to obviate this disadvantage by dispensing
altogether with lubricants in the socket mould or using such in very small quantities
say such as would ensue from the use of an oiled rag and substituting therefor a
device for heating the said mould by means of hot water, steam or other fluid.
We also provide in place of the usual chains and balance weights an arrangement
for supporting the table by hydraulic pressure and compensating for the increasing
weight or pressure upon the table whilst the pipe is being pressed from the die.
In carrying out our invention we form an annular closed channel inside each of
the inner and outer socket die rings provided with two or more orifices for the
insertion of pipes conveying hot water, steam or other heating agent from any
convenient source and causing it to circulate inside the walls of the mould the heat
produced thereby tending to prevent the moist clay from adhering when the
socket commences to descend.
In order to enable the inner die ring to be lifted for tipping the moulded pipe,
flexible tubing may be used for conveying the hot water steam or the like.
We also provide means for injecting cold water into the top or outside portion of
die through the annular closed channel with the object of cooling the die and
preventing the clay hardening when pipes are not being made.
We mount the table upon a vertical rod or ram which enters a cylinder suitably.
connected with a head of water of sufficient height to cause the table to be raised
to its proper level after the manner of a hydraulic lift.
The head or column of water may be contained in an upright vessel. provided
with feed and emptying taps (situated preferably at the bottom) and having at the
top (or connected therewith by piping) a valve for escape and admission of air
worked automatically upon the rise and fall of the table as follows: Upon any
stationary portion of the apparatus may be pivotted an upright lever its two ends
being tree and having segmental projections or equivalent means whereby the table
on rising to its full height will strike against one of said projections thereby
actuating the valve and cutting off the supply of air to the water vessel. The table
on descending will cause the water to be forced from the cylinder back into the

page_text: upright vessel, the height of the water increasing in proportion to the increasing
weight of the descending pipe. As the table approaches its lowermost position the
air will become compressed in the top of the vessel or accumulator and act as a
cushion to prevent sudden jarring. The table or a projection thereon will now strike the
other end of the lever thus releasing the compressed air and allowing air to re-enter
when the table rises under pressure of the water after removal of the pipe. A
locking bolt or spring catch or equivalent may be provided for preventing the
table from rising until required and the supply of water to the cylinder from the
vessel or accumulator is controlled or regulated by a suitable hand lever or tap
in the connecting pipe, so that when the table is raised to its full height and
communication with the water vessel then cut off, it remains held in such position
while the socket is being filled, and there may be no necessity to use locking levers
or the like.
As a slight modification we may employ water under considerable pressure for
holding the socket ring close up to the mouth of the die.
Dated this 11th day of September 1894.
POPPLEWELL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.
.
Improvements in or relating to Machinery employed in the
Manufacture of Earthenware and like Sanitary Pipes.
We REGINALD STANLEY of Nuneaton in the County of Warwick Manufacturer,
and GEORGE BECK of Stockingford near Nuneaton aforesaid Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention relates to machinery employed in the manufacture of earthenware
and like sanitary pipes from clay or other plastic substance and consists of improve-
ments in the socketing or socket forming portion of such machinery and also of
improved means for balancing or raising and lowering the table or platform upon
which the socket end of the pipe rests as it descends from the die of the machine.
It has been found that the oil or other lubricant generally used for preventing
the clay adhering to the socket mould often enters the clay, apparently through
flaws or cracks caused by the clay passing over the bend, (and this is especially the
case when using the oil in the quantity necessary for preventing adhesion of the clay
to a cold mould), such oil remaining in the clay and preventing its becoming pressed
into a homogeneous mass.
Our present invention is intended partly to obviate this disadvantage by dispensing
altogether with lubricants in the socket mould or using merely an oiled rag or the
like, and substituting therefor a device for heating the said moulds by steam, hot
water, or other means.
We also provide in place of the usual chains and balance weights an arrangement
for supporting the table by hydraulic and pneumatic pressure combined and com-
pensating for the increasing weight or pressure upon the table whilst the pipe is
being pressed from the die.
In describing our invention we shall refer to the accompanying sheets of drawings
on which
Figure 1, Sheet 1, shows a section of our improved socket mould,
Figure 2, Sheets 1 and 2, (divided for convenience in drawing) represents a side
view of a complete pipe made according to our invention, and Figure 3, Sheet 3, a
side view of the lower part of the same, showing clearly the automatic action of the
balancing device.

page_text: hydraulically, the whole arranged and operated substantially in the manner
described in the foregoing Specification and as shown by the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 11th day of June 1895.
POPPLEWELL & Co.,
7 & 8 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: (Fig. 2. Sheets 1 and 2) bolted together as shown by long rods 9 g, guided in
suitable blocks h secured upon the steam cylinder i. The upper crosshead e
through which the upper end of the piston rod (or an extension thereof) k is
capable of passing is provided with a bolt suitably guided and made to enter a
slot m in said piston rod when desired by raising a handle or lever n, through a
system of connecting rods, cranks, and levers o p q r s. The lower crosshead f
also has a bolt t worked by handle u for bolting it when desired to the rod or
ram Q.
The action of the crossheads is as follows. When the table is in its lowermost
position and is about to rise again after the weight of the completed pipe has been
removed, the top crosshead e is bolted to the piston rod k by raising the handle n,
and the lower crosshead is connected in a similar manner with rod Q by bolt t
worked by handle u.
When the table has risen as high as it will go under the pressure of the water
upon the ram or rod Q, the steam supply is then turned on so as to raise the
piston rod still higher with considerable force, and the table and lower crosshead
being connected therewith are also raised at the same time.
We are aware that steam jacketted brick and other moulds have been in use for
the purpose of liberating the clay contents more freely, and we do not lay claim
to the sole use of these, but we believe that hitherto the application of heated
moulds to the socket forming portion of pipe making machines or pipe mills has not
been used.
By the means described in this Specification a more perfect socket is obtained,
both as regards finish and shape as well as by reason of absence of oil and other
flaws, than by means hitherto employed. We are enabled to firmly mould the
socket part of the pipe with a finished shape, at no matter what amount of
pressure is used, with very slight lubrication as suggested, the socket is easily
withdrawn from both parts of the socket mould, and requires very little or no
fettling or sponging.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In machinery for manufacturing earthenware and like sanitary pipes, the
application of heated moulds to the socketting or socket forming portion of such
machinery for the purpose of preventing the clay or like plastic substance from
adhering when the pipe commences to descend substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2. In machinery for manufacturing earthenware and like sanitary pipes, forming
an annular closed channel inside each of the inner and outer socket die rings (or
one of them only) and connecting the same with a supply of steam, hot water, or
other heating agent, for the purpose and substantially in the mauner herein before
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
3. In machinery for manufacturing earthenware and like sanitary pipes the use
of combined hydraulic and pneumatic apparatus for raising and lowering the table,
consisting of an upright vessel such as T Figure 3, suitably connected with a
water or other liquid supply, and provided at its upper end with a tap or valve (or
connected therewith by piping) for escape and admission of air, controlled
automatically upon the rise and descent of the table, by means of a lever such
as Y furnished with tappets or in other equivalent manner substantially as
herein before described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. The combination with hydraulic apparatus, or with such apparatus as is
mentioned in Claim 3, of a pair of crossheads rigidly connected together, the upper
one capable of being bolted as required to the steam piston rod (or an extension
thereof) and the lower one to the rod or ram supporting the table, so as to give a
final pinch or pressure to the die by steam power, after it has been raised

page_text: In carrying out our invention we form an annular closed channel A B inside each
of the inner and outer socket die rings CD respectively provided with two or more
orifices E E and F F' for the insertion of pipes G G G conveying steam (or if
desired hot water, air or the like) say at the point H from any convenient source
and causing it to circulate inside the walls of the mould, the heat produced thereby
tending to prevent the moist clay from adhering when the socket is filled and the
table commences to descend.
We prefer to make the sides of the mould taper shaped, and we make a groove I
in the die ring C for taking a projecting shoulder or rib K upon the lower ring D
and thus producing a tight joint and preventing the formation of a fringe.
In order to enable the inner die ring to be lifted for tipping the moulded pipe, a
piece of flexible tubing L is employed for conveying the steam or other heating
agent from the point H to the two channels A and B of the die rings C and D.
To prevent the retention of air in the socket mould which would of necessity
prevent the clay from completely filling it and thus the socket from attaining its
proper shape, small tapered holes O are bored through the thickness of the outer
die ring so as to allow a small stream of clay to escape therefrom and also any air
that may have become imprisoned within.
The die ring C is suspended in the usual manner from the mouth of butt die M,
and leaves a space N when the pipe descends for passing a cutting wire across the
top of the pipe.
We mount the table P upon a vertical rod or ram Q which enters a cylinder R
connected by pipe S to a column of water of sufficient height to cause the table P
to be raised to its proper level after the manner of a hydraulic lift. The head or
column of water is contained in an upright vessel T provided with feed and emptying
taps U V, and having inserted at the top a pipe W connected with a valve X for
escape and admission of air worked automatically upon the rise and fall of the
table P as follows,
We pivot an upright lever Y centrally or thereabouts upon a bell-crank device Z
connected with valve X, as shown in side view, Figure 3, the ends of said lever
being free and furnished with segmental projections or tappets a a or similar means
whereby the table P in rising to its full height will strike against one of said
projections a a, thereby actuating the valve X and cutting off the supply of air to
the water vessel T.
The table on descending will cause the water to be forced from the cylinder R
back through the pipe.S into the upright vessel T the height of the water increasing
in proportion to the increasing weight of the descending pipe. As the table P
approaches its lowermost position the air will become compressed in the top of the
vessel P and act as a cushion to prevent sudden jarring. The projecting part of
the table P will now strike the projection a upon the lower end of the lever Y, thus
releasing the compressed air and allowing air to re-enter as soon as the table rises
under pressure of the water after removal of the moulded pipe. A spring catch e
with handle c or equivalent device may be provided for preventing the table from
rising until required and the supply of water to the cylinder R from the vessel or
accumulator T is controlled or regulated by a suitable hand lever or tap d in the
connecting pipe S so that when the table is raised to its full height and communi-
cation with the water vessel then cut off, it remains held in such position while the
socket is being filled and there may be no real necessity for using locking levers or
the like.
"
In Figure 2 we have shown an arrangement which we prefer to adopt in
connection with the water balance, but which is not absolutely necessary for its
successful working, namely, a pair of crossheads, similar to those described and
claimed in the Specification of Patent No. 23,177 granted to Reginald Stanley
dated 16th December 1892, the object in the present instance being to give a final
powerful pinch or pressure of the two parts of the mould together so as to squeeze
out any clay or debris from the joint and allow the table to be raised: curately t
its full height and bolted there. We provide therefore two crossbeads e and f