IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING POWER AND IN REGULATING, MEASURING, AND REGISTERING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I Jonn
MACINTOSHI, of Bedford Square, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Macintosh, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Macintosh, my exors,
adfiiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said John Macintosh, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
AND MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING POWER AND IN REGULATING, MEASURING, AND
REGISTERING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, that I, the said John Macintosh, should cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully aud at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Macintosh, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say-
My Invention consists, first, of improvements in furnaces for " "obtaining
power." Figure 1 shews the section of a furnace constructed according to my
Invention. These improvements consist of so arranging the furnace of a steam
boiler that the steam thereby obtained may be used for giving motion to one
engine, and the expanded air and products of combustion may be used for
giving motion to a second engine, thereby making the most advantageous use
of the fuel employed. The boiler shewn is a tubular one, but this may be
varied, so long as the ash-pit and fire-place are closed, and admit of the air
for combustion being forced in by suitable blowing apparatus. a is the fire-
place; b, the ash-pit, which is supplied with air at the tube c from any suitable
blowing apparatus; d is a close chamber into which the expanded air and
products of combustion are received from the fire, and they are conducted off
by the pipe e, to give motion to an engine; by this arrangement not only will
the power of the steam gencrated by the heat of the fuel be obtained for a
separate engine, and the expanded air and products of combustion be obtained
separate for working another engine, but the chimney or funnel may be
dispensed with in ships or vessels propelled by machinery, as the heated
products having been thus used may be let off at any convenient position near
the line of floatation of the vessel.
The second part of my Invention consists of improvements in machinery
for obtaining power for propelling vessels, and also carriages. Figure 2
is a plan; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section; and Figure 4 is à transverse
section of a vessel having this part of my Invention applied. In the vessel is.
to be formed a long cistern or vessel a, a, which is 'to contain water or other
liquid. is a steam chest, having four or other number of trunks, or outlets c, c,
in each of which is a flexible partition d, d; the lower parts of these trunks or
outlets are below the water line in the vessel a, a, the outlet of each trunk
being above the water line in the vessel a, a, so that when not in action the
trunks or outlets will be full of water, which will raise the flexible partitions to the
upper surface of the trunks or outlets. e, e, are valves opening into the trunks;
and I prefer for this purpose flexible valves, such as were described in my
former Specification. They consist each of a flexible substance capable of closing
the opening, and by their bending they are moved progressively off the opening

page_text: by cranks or by sliding rods, or otherwise. When it is desired to propel
forward, steam being admitted into the steam chest, the two valves at the after
part of the steam chest will be alternately opened and closed, the effect of
which will be that the water in those trunks will be forced out alternately into
the space occupied by the cistern or receptacle for the water or other fluid,
and thus will the vessel be propelled forward. When stern motion is required
the two other valves are to be used, and the stem valves kept closed. In each
case the water will flow back thro' the valves f into the respective trunks as
soon as their respective valves are closed, and thus be again ready to be
propelled out. I would remark, that although I prefer the use of steam, other
elastic fluid, such as air, may be used in place thereof; and in place of having
only two trunks in either direction from the steam chest, other numbers may
be employed; and although I have only shewn the machinery as applied to a
ship or vessel, the same may in like manner be applied to carriages on
wheels.
The third part of my Invention has for its object improvements in machinery
for obtaining power for propelling vessels and carriages, and consists of a mode
of expelling air by means of high pressure steam, and consists of employing a
series of trunks or pipes below the water line, or it might be in another part of
the vessel, each trunk or pipe having a series of openings for admitting a flow
of air into the trunk or pipe. Figure 5 shews part of a section of a vessel
having one such trunk or pipe applied, (but other numbers may be used,) a
being a steam chest arranged with a valve to admit of a flow of steam into the
trunk or pipe 6; and c, c, are a series of openings with fixed inclined guards
d, d; at the outer end of this pipe or trunk is a valve opening outwards, but
closing when the outward jet ceases to flow out. Now, supposing that steam
is admitted from the chest into the pipe or trunk the air therein will be forcibly
expelled, and thus propel the vessel, and a continuous supply of air will be
kept up to the trunk or pipe by means of the openings, the inclined guards
over such openings c, c, aiding in obtaining the desired result. Any desired
number of these pipes or trunks may be used, and for obtaining stern way
similar pipes or trunks will be required opening out at the bow of the vessel.
In like manner may carriages be propelled by applying similar pipes or trunks,
and permitting steam to flow from a boiler in the carriage, the propelled
air acting in this case against the outer air in place of against the water.
The fourth part of my Invention consists of improvements in obtaining
power for preventing the recoil of guns. Figure 6 shews the section of a gun
boat with a gun a, which has a cylinder 6 affixed at its outer end, the object of
which is, that the discharging of the gun shall cause a vacuum in the cylinder b,

page_text: so that the air pressing at the back of the cylinder towards the vacuum will
cause the going back of the gun to be resisted in proportion to the vacuum
obtained in such cylinder by the rush of the charge outwards from the
gun.
The fifth part of my Invention consists of a mode of obtaining power for
propelling a gun boat. Figure 7 shows a section of a gun and boat arranged
according to this part of my Invention. On the fore part of the gun is to be
fixed a cylinder a, having formed thereon a cone b, the larger open end of
which is backwards, and there are openings into the cylinder a at c, c. The
effect of this arrangement will be that on discharging a quantity of powder
in the gun the rush outwards will have the effect of propelling the gun boat,
the power being heightened by the effect of the air rushing into the cylinder
through the cone 6; and in order to keep up a continuous succession of
discharging of the guns I construct cartridges sufficiently long to nearly fill
gun, and I make such cartridges with numerous compartments connected
by a match or fuze, so that the powder in the compartments will be discharged
in succession. The cylinder a and cone 6 are to be removed when the gun is
required for action and not for propelling, and then it may have a suitable
cylinder applied and fixed, as described in respect to the previous figure, so as
to prevent recoil.
the
The sixth part of my Invention consists of a mode of obtaining power.
Figure 8 shews a vertical section, and Figure 9, a horizontal section of
machinery according to this part of my Invention. a is a fixed outer cylinder,
having an outlet valve b; within this cylinder the cylinder c (fixed on the
axis d) works, and in the cylinder c three are two or, it may be, other number
of enclosed channels or passages e, e, passing from the axis d to the periphery
of the cylinder c, and they then incline towards another part of the periphery
of the cylinder c, and open out from it into the space between the cylinder a
and the cylinder c, and in the inclined ends of the passages there are flexible
partitions e', e', fixed. The axis d is made partly hollow, and is surrounded by
a steam chest f; and two valves g, g, serve to admit steam into or shut it off
from the two passages in the shaft or axis, and thus will steam be alternately
caused to act on the two clastic partitions, and propel the fluid behind them
outwards, the fluid entering behind the other flexible partition when the other
is being acted on by steam. Thus, supposing the compartment in the cylinder
a to be filled with steam at one pressure, and higher pressure steam be
admitted through the axis, the same in rushing through the passages in
;succession, and driving out the lesser pressure steam by the flexible partitions,
will give motion to the axis, and the steam in the cylinder a will be kept

page_text: down to its desired working pressure by the weighted valve b, and the steam
passing from such valve may be employed for working another engine. Although
I have described this engine as being worked by steam, it is evident that other
fluid may be employed.
I will now describe the seventh part of my Invention. Figure 10 shews a
section of a pipe having apparatus therein for regulating the supply of gas and
other fluids or liqids, and consists of a mode of using a flexible valve for this
purpose. a is a partition in a tube b, having an opening c, over which a
flexible valve & works, and may be put in action by any suitable apparatus. I
use in this case a lever e, attached to one end of the valve, the other end of the
flexible valve being fixed to the partition. f is another partition, having an
opening which is closed by a flat valve 9; the fluid or liquid flowing through by
the valve will act thereon, and if it comes with too much pressure it will
force open that valve and close the flexible valve, no action taking place on the
valve g without its being transmitted to the flexible valve; the pressure
tending to close the valve g being regulated by acting on the axis of the lever
in any convenient manner. Figure 11 shews an apparatus for measuring
fluids and liquids. a is a flexible tube, having an opening b at one side, the
end c being closed and made flat, as shewn. d, d, d, are three cones carried by
the axis c, each cone moving on its own axis d'. The effect of the flow of liquid
or fluid through the flexible tube will be that the same will be distended behind
one of the rolling cones, and as one of the rolling cones goes out of action the
other comes into action, so that there will at all times be a closed portion of
the tube under a cone; and thus the quantity from the commencement of
the tube to the passing off of a cone being known, a recording apparatus being
applied to the axis will record the quantity which has passed, and this will be
the case whether the pressure of the liquid or fluid is the cause of motion of
the cones, or the axis receives motion from
any suitable power.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the details, so long as the peculiar character of any part
of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is,―
First, the so arranging the furnaces of steam boilers that the steam may be
used for giving motion to one engine, and the expanded air and products of
combustion may give motion to another engine.
Secondly, I claim the mode of obtaining power applicable to propelling
vessels and carriages, as described in respect to Figures 2, 3, and 4.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of obtaining power applicable for propelling
vessels and also "carriages, described in respect to Figure 5.

page_text: Fourthly, I claim the mode of obtaining power for preventing the recoil of a
gun, as described in respect to Figure.6.
Fifthly, I claim the mode of obtaining power for propelling gun boats,
described in respect to Figure 7.
Sixthly, I claim the mode of obtaining power, described in respect to
⚫Figures 8 and 9.
Seventhly, I claim the mode of regulating the supply of fluids and liquids by
means of a flexible valve, as described in respect to Figure 10.
And, eighthly, I claim, the mode of measuring the quantity of fluid or
liquid passing through a flexible tube or pipe, as described in respect to
Figure 11.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Macintosh, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
JOHN (L.S.) MACINTOSH.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid John Macintosh came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.