AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING BOILER OR SIMILAR TUBES IN THE PLATES OR PIECES BY WHICH THEY ARE SUPPORTED, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tully, of Kennington Park, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
SECURING BOILER OR SIMILAR TUBES IN THE PLATES OR PIECES BY WHICH
THEY ARE SUPPORTED, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tully at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1879.
WILLIAM TULLY, of Kennington Park, in the County of Surrey, Engineer. "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING BOILER OR SIMILAR TUBES IN THE PLATES
OR PIECES BY WHICH THEY ARE SUPPORTED, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My. Invention relates to an improved implement or apparatus for securely fas-
tening the ends of boiler or other tubes within the apertures provided for them in
the plates or other pieces which are designed to hold the said tubes in the position
they are to occupy, the said apparatus operating in a very effectual manner to so
expand the end of the tube within the plate or other piece that a joint is made
which is perfectly steam and water tight. The said apparatus will also serve for
securing rings or ferrules in tubes, plates, or the like.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a cylinder of metal open
at one end: Within this cylinder I insert a cone shaped piece of metal or device
which I will hereinafter call a mandrel, and which is constructed as follows, that is
to say: It is circular in transverse section, and tapers gradually from near its lower
to its upper end. The lower or widest end is furnished with a circular disc or plate
of leather, india-rubber, or other suitable material, to prevent the escape of fluid
between the interior surface of the cylinder and the lower end of the mandrel in
the operation of the said apparatus, or instead of the leather or similar material I
may employ expansion rings of metal. Above the upper or smallest part of the
said mandrel there is a chamber or receptacle designed to contain water or other
fluid, as hereinafter explained. The said mandrel and chamber are preferably formed
in one piece. The mandrel is hollow, and is provided at its lower end with a valve
to afford communication between the interior of the mandrel and the aforesaid
•

page_text: cylinder within which it works. A rod passes through the aforesaid chamber, and
one end thereof extends through a stuffing box provided in a cap or cover screwed
upon the upper part of this chamber. The other end of the said rod passes into the
mandrel, and is provided with leather or other suitable material to cause it to fit
tightly to the interior surface of the mandrel, and prevent the escape of fluid when
it is working. This end of the rod forms a plunger, and is provided with one or
more suitable valves to allow of the passage of water or other fluid in the direction
required, but not in the other direction. At the lower end of the mandrel a
chamber is provided by turning out the metal so as to leave a space of greater cir-
cumference than that above it. The upper end of the said rod is attached to a lever
or other suitable appliance so connected and arranged that the rod may thereby be
readily caused to move to and fro.
At the open or upper end of the aforesaid cylinder I provide movable lugs or
pieces which are arranged to slide laterally within dovetail grooves or openings cut
in this end of the cylinder to receive them. The said lugs or pieces are each pro-
vided with a projecting flange at their upper end, and their other or lower portion
may be made round, square, oval, or of any other suitable shape. The portion of
these movable lugs or pieces below the flange fits within the end of the tube to be
expanded, and it is their outward lateral movement, effected as hereinafter explained,
which expands and secures the tube in place.
The chamber above the mandrel is supplied with a sufficient quantity of water,
oil, spirit, air, gas, steam, or other suitable fluid to cause the mandrel to rise when
the said fluid passes from this chamber to the lower part of the aforesaid
cylinder.
The apparatus as above described is designed chiefly to be used with a liquid, but
such slight modifications as would be necessary to adapt it for steam, air, or gas
will be readily understood without further description.
The water or other liquid having been supplied within the said chamber, the
lever or other appliance connected with the upper end of the aforesaid rod is
operated, causing the latter to work to and fro and force some of the liquid at
each downward stroke through the valve at the lower end of the mandrel into the
cylinder. Great pressure is thereby exerted upon the lower end of the mandrel,
which gradually rises at each downward stroke of the rod. The inner surface of
each of the aforesaid movable lugs or pins conforms to a portion of the exterior
surface of the mandrel with which they are in contact, and by reason of the
tapering or conical shape of the latter they are forced out laterally with great power
as the mandrel rises. The outer surface of the movable lugs or pieces being within
the end of the tube to be expanded, the latter is thus subjected to an enormous
pressure and cannot fail to be firmly united to the plate or other piece. When this
has been done the apparatus may be released from the tube by pressing down the
aforesaid rod into the lower chamber until the end of the said rod comes in contact
with the valve in the lower end of the mandrel. The rod then holds this valve
open, and the mandrel can be easily pushed down to its original position, the liquid
flowing back through the said valve into the lower chamber, and thence to its
original position in the upper chamber where it remains ready for the next
operation. It will be understood that as the mandrel is pushed down its pressure
is removed from the movable lugs or pieces, and that of the latter from the interior
of the tube, whereupon the apparatus may be withdrawn.
:-
In some cases I modify the construction of the apparatus as follows, that is to
say I make the cylinder open at both ends, and provide a solid mandrel which is
arranged to project from the lower end of the cylinder, the said movable lugs or
pieces being also placed at the lower end. In this modification the upper or
pumping chamber will not be formed in one piece with the mandrel, but will be
screwed or otherwise securely fastened to the upper end of the cylinder, and the
power of the liquid will be exerted to force the mandrel outward, but in a contrary
direction to that in which it travels in the apparatus first herein described.

page_text: In some cases I may provide a passage for the return of the liquid from the.
cylinder to the upper chamber by making an aperture through the metal forming
the wall of the said upper chamber, and through a portion of that of the hollow
mandrel when the latter is used. This obviates the necessity of using the lower
chamber hereinbefore mentioned. When this aperture is employed I provide a
valve at its upper end which is closed when the apparatus is at work, and opened when
it is desired to remove the pressure of the mandrel from the movable lugs or
pieces.
The said improved apparatus may be made of steel, iron, brass, copper, hard
white metal, phosphor bronze, or any other metal suitable for the purpose. It may
also be made in all desirable sizes, one apparatus being suitable for a number of
different diameters of tubes.
Instead of the movable lugs or pieces above described I may use knuckle joints
or any other suitable contrivance so arranged that the pressure of the moving
mandrel will force them outward laterally.

page_text: ་
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Tully in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
April 1880.
WILLIAM TULLY, of Kennington Park, in the County of Surrey, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING BOILER OR SIMILAR TUBES IN THE
PLATES OR PIECES BY WHICH THEY ARE SUPPORTED, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PUR-
POSES."
My Invention relates to an improved implement or apparatus chiefly designed
for securely fastening the ends of boiler or other tubes within the apertures pro-
vided for them in the plates or other parts which are to hold the said tubes in the
position they are to occupy in a steam-boiler or other apparatus.
My improved implement is also applicable for securing rings or ferrules in tubes,
plates, or the like.
It is also applicable for expanding metal rings of any kind whatever may be the
object of such expansion.
In the accompanying Drawings,-
Figure 1 is a plan of one form of my improved apparatus, and
Figure 2 is a longitudinal central section of the same.
Figure 3 is a side elevation, and
Figure 4 is a longitudinal central section of a modified form of my improved
apparatus.
Figure 5 is a transverse section on the line x, x, Figure 4 shewing the expanding
lugs or segments in their normal position, and
Figure 6 is a similar section shewing the said lugs expanded.
Figure 7 is an end view of the mandrel employed in the said apparatus.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section shewing a modified construction of the appa-
ratus shewn in Figure 4.
Figure 9 is a side elevation, and
Figure 10 is a longitudinal central section of another modified form of my
improved apparatus.
Figure 11 is a central longitudinal section of a further modified form of the same
hereinafter described.
Figure 12 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 13 is a central longitudinal section, and
Figure 14 is a transverse section on the line y, y, Figure 12, shewing a modified
form of the mandrel and adjacent parts, and the segments or lugs provided with
anti-friction rollers.
Figure 15 is a longitudinal section, and
Figure 16 is a transverse section of the same on the lines z, z, shewing a mandrel
provided with a hexagonal stem adapted to fit a correspondingly shaped cylinder,
as hereinafter described.
Figure 17 is an elevation, and
Figure 18 a longitudinal section of an apparatus for expanding small rings or
tubes constructed according to my Invention.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings.
I will first describe my improved implement or apparatus as constructed to be
operated by hydraulic power. The construction which I prefer to adopt for
general use is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings which I now proceed
to describe.
A represents a strong metal cylinder which is made in three parts or sections
a, b, c, the end of the rear section a being screw-threaded to receive a cover a pro-
e is
vided with a central aperture for the passage of a rod d hereinafter described.
a mandrel having a conical end e', as shewn, which works within the cylinder. The
section c of the cylinder is provided with three or more movable lugs or pieces f
which are designed to move laterally, that is to say, at right angles to the axis of

page_text: the cylinder A. Each lug or piece f is formed with a flange rim or shoulder f', and
with a dovetail projection f (see Figure 1), these projectious being designed to fit
into corresponding recesses made in the forward end of the section c of the cylinder.
The lugs or pieces f are so constructed that they form segments of a circle, and
when not expanded fit closely together so that a cylindrical piece is provided with
an annular projecting flange at the rear thereof, as shewn in Figure 1, and with a
central aperture within which the taper or conical end e¹ of the mandrel e works to
cause the segments f to separate or slide outward laterally. The cylindrical piece
formed by the three segments f is designed to be inserted within the end of a
boiler tube, and the annular rim f¹ will abut against the outside of the tube, thus
forming a support for the implement and preventing the entrance of the same into
the tube farther than is required. The section a of the cylinder A has a chamber
a¹ which is supplied with a liquid to operate as hereinafter explained, and the
metal forming the front portion of this section is bored centrally to receive the
forward end of the rod d, and also a plug as provided with a valve a³; within the
forward end of the rod da central aperture d' is provided which is in communi-
cation with a tube d³ that extends down into the liquid contained in the chamber
a'; in the aperture d' a valve d³ is fitted. The valves a³ and d³ allow the liquid to
pass forward from the chamber a¹, but will not permit the return of any liquid. A
ring d of leather, india-rubber, or other suitable material is fitted over a screw-cap
d³ screwed upon the forward end of the rod d, and is designed to fit closely to the
walls of the cylindrical aperture in which it slides. Two channels g, g', are pro-
vided in the metal forming the forward part of the cylinder-section a. One of
these channels g leads into the rear end of the chamber b¹, and communicates with
the chamber a¹; the other channel g' also communicates at its rear end with the
chamber a', and is continued forward through the side or wall of the cylinder-
section b, and at its front end communicates with the forward end of the chamber
b¹ of the cylinder-section b. At the front end of the section a there is a channel or
space, the metal in front of which forms a covering 62 at the rear of the chamber b¹,
the said space being in communication through the aperture h with the chamber 61
excepting when this aperture is closed, as hereinafter described; the other aperture
h¹ in the covering 62 forms a continuation of the channel g. There is also a channel
h² in the side or wall of the cylinder-section b, which channel communicates at its
front end with the front part of the chamber b¹, as shewn, and at its rear end with
the channel or space h*.
In the operation of this apparatus it is necessary when communication is open
through the channel g between the chambers a¹ and 6', and through the aperture h²
between the space h* and the chamber b¹, that the communication between the
chambers a¹ and 6' through the channel g' and between the space h* and the
chamber b' through the channel h should be closed, and vice versa; therefore, for
opening and closing the communication as may be desired, I provide screw-plugs
i and surrounded by a leather ring or other suitable packing material at i* in
the walls of the cylinder, and furnished with heads to enable them to be easily
manipulated; or I may employ any other suitable devices for this purpose.
At about the centre of the cylinder-section b I provide a diaphragm or partition
63 having a central aperture for the passage of the rear part 2 of the mandrel e.
Upon the end of this part e² I arrange a disc e³, made of steel or other suitable
material, and the front and rear faces of which are each furnished with a disc of
leather or similar material e, es. The discs e³, e, e, are secured to the rear part e
of the mandrel by means of a screw e6, as shewn, or in any other suitable manner.
When the lugs or segments fare caused to slide outward by the mandrel they
necessarily become separated, consequently there are then three or more openings or
spaces between the segments, so that there will be corresponding portions
of the internal surface of the tube not in contact with any portion of the
segments funless the said segments are caused to have a slight rotation. I there-
fore provide the internal surface of the cylinder section c with spiral grooves or
channels corresponding with projections e* provided upon the surface of the

page_text: conical or tapered portion of the mandrel e, and the said mandrel is provided with
a feather or key es which slides freely in a key way or channel e in the part 6 of
the cylinder, but prevents any rotary movement of the said mandrel when moved
longitudinally; or the said mandrel may be provided with any other suitable device
to prevent such rotary movement. Therefore whenever the mandrel is forced forward
the section c has imparted to it a slight rotary movement in which the segments f
participate. By means of this arrangement the whole of that portion of the internal
surface of the tube which is around the lugs or segments f is operated upon by the
latter when they are expanded.
A lever or handle k is connected to the rear end of the rod d in such a manner
that the said rod may turn independently of the same, so that whatever may be the
position in which the apparatus is employed the said rod may be caused to occupy
such a position that the aforesaid tube d² will dip into the liquid in the chamber a¹
and will permit such liquid in and by the reciprocating movements of the rod d to
be drawn through the same, and be forced forward into the chamber h*, but will
prevent any entrance of air into the said chamber. The lever k is connected at
with a link k², which is attached at k³ to a lug or ear aº capable of turning on the
cover a* of the cylinder; or the said lever may be otherwise adjustably connected
with the said cylinder.
h
The operation of the apparatus above described is as follows, that is to say:-When
water, oil, or other suitable liquid is placed within the chamber a¹ and the cylindrical
piece formed by the lugs or segments f is inserted within the end of the tube to be
expanded, the two screw-plugs i are turned so as to leave the channel g¹ and the
aperture open, and the two plugs i are turned so as to close the channels g and
h³. The lever k is then operated to and fro, moving the rod d forward and back-
ward alternately. At each backward movement of the rod some of the liquid in
the chamber a passes through the pipe d² and aperture d¹ and by the valves d³
and as into the space h*, whence it passes into the chamber 61 through the aperture
h and forces forward the mandrel e. At the same time the liquid displaced in front
of the disc et passes back through the channel g¹ into the chamber a¹. When the
expansion of the tube has been effected, the plugs are turned to close the channel
gland aperture h, and the plugs i are turned to open the channels g and h². The
lever is then operated as before, and liquid is forced in the same manner as above
described from the chamber a¹ into the space h*, but as the aperture h is now closed
it cannot enter the rear part of the chamber b', but the channel h² being open the
liquid passes through the same to the forward end of the said chamber, that is to
say, to the space in front of the disc e. The liquid displaced from the rear end of
the chamber b¹ passes through the aperture' to the channel g and thus into the
chamber a¹. The mandrel is thus withdrawn, leaving the lugs or segments of free
to converge or slide inward laterally. The apparatus may then be removed from
the tube and is ready to be inserted within another tube. Instead of employing
separate plugs for the passages g, g, h, h², I in some cases arrange the plugs for
controlling the apertures h, h², in such a manner that they will also control the
apertures g, g¹, thereby dispensing with the plugs in the latter.
By reason of the grooves c* and projections e* the mandrel receives a slight
movement of rotation, as above explained, so that the tube end is expanded evenly
and any projections in the metal are pressed out, and a firm and close joint is made
all around the end of the tube. Any other suitable means for causing the sections
f to rotate may be employed.
It will be seen that whether the mandrel is to be forced forward or withdrawn
the lever k and the rod d are operated in precisely the same manner, the only parts
requiring adjustment being the screw-plugs and . The sections a and b are
connected by being screwed together, and the section c is screwed to the section b
but is free to rotate with the segments f in their turning movement. Instead,
however, of screwing the parts b and c together, I may employ screws which enter
slots in the section b, which slots are made of sufficient length to allow this section
to rotate the required distance.

page_text: The construction of the apparatus may be modified as shewn in Figures 3, 4, 5,
6, and 7, in which m represents a metal cylinder open at one end; within this
cylinder I insert a mandrel e which is constructed as follows, that is to say :-It is
circular in transverse section, and tapers gradually from near its front to its rear
end. The front or large end is furnished with a circular disc or plate n of leather,
india-rubber, or other suitable material, to prevent the escape of liquid between the.
interior surface of the cylinder and the front end of the mandrel in the operation
of the said apparatus; or, instead of the leather or similar material, I may employ
expansion rings of metal. At the rear of the said mandrel there is a chamber or
receptacle e designed to contain water or other liquid; the said mandrel with the
part containing the said chamber are preferably formed in one piece. The mandrel
e is hollow, and is provided at its front end with a valve n' to afford communi-
cation between the interior of the mandrel and the cylinder m within which it
works. A rod d passes through the chamber eº, and one end thereof extends
through a stuffing box provided in the cap or cover a screwed upon the rear end
of the part enclosing the chamber e°; the other end of the rod à passes into the
mandrel and is provided with leather or other suitable material to cause it to fit
tightly to the interior surface of the same and prevent the escape of liquid when it
is working. This end of the rod d forms a plunger, and is provided with a valvo
d to permit the passage of liquid in a forward but not in a backward direction.
The rear end of the rod d is attached to the lever k or other suitable appliance so
connected and arranged that the said rod may thereby be readily caused to move
to and fro.
At the open or rear end of the cylinder I provide the movable lugs or segments f
which are constructed and arranged to slide laterally in dovetail grooves, and are
provided with a projecting flange f¹, all as hereinbefore described. The portion of
these movable lugs or segments in front of the flange fits within the end of the
tube to be expanded.
The chamber e° in the rear end of the mandrel is supplied with a sufficient
quantity of water, oil, spirit, or other liquid to cause the mandrel to move back-
ward when the said liquid passes from the chamber to the front part of the
cylinder m.
Both forms of the apparatus above described are designed chiefly to be used with
a liquid; but such slight modifications as would be necessary to adapt them for the
employment of steam, air, or gas, instead of water or other liquid will be readily
understood without further description.
The water or other liquid having been supplied within the chamber e°, the lever
or other appliance connected with the rear end of the rod d is operated, causing
the latter to work to and fro and force some of the liquid at each forward stroke
through the valve n' at the front end of the mandrel into the cylinder m. Great
pressure is thereby exerted upon the front end of the said mandrel which gradually
recedes at each forward stroke of the rod d. The inner surface of each of the
movable lugs or seginents of conforms to a portion of the exterior surface of the
mandrel with which they are in contact, and by reason of the tapering or conical
shape of the latter they are forced out laterally, as shewn in Figure 6, with great
power as the mandrel recedes. The outer surface of the movable lugs or pieces
being within the end of the tube to be expanded, the latter is thus subjected to an
enormous pressure and cannot fail to be firmly and closely fitted and united to the
plate or other piece.
I provide a passage for the return of the liquid from the cylinder m to the
chamber e by making a channel o through the hollow mandrel, as shewn in
Figure 4. A valve or tap o' is provided at the rear end of the channel o, which
valve is closed when the apparatus is at work and opened when it is desired to
remove the pressure of the mandrel from the moveable lugs or segments.
In some cases I may dispense with the channel o and provide at the front end of
the inandrel e a chamber by turning out the metal so as to leave a space of greater
circumference than that behind it. When this is done the apparatus may be released

page_text: from the tube by pressing forward the rod d into the said forward chamber until
the end of the rod comes in contact with the valve n in the front end of the
mandrel e; the rod d then holds this valve open, and the mandrel can be easily
pushed forward to its original position, the liquid flowing back through the said
valve in the forward chamber and into the rear chamber, where it remains ready for
the next operation. It will be understood that as the mandrel e is pushed forward
its pressure is removed from the movable lugs or segments f and that of the latter
from the interior of the tube, whereupon the apparatus may be withdrawn with
the utmost ease.
Instead of the sliding lugs or segments f I may use an expanding device formed
of knuckle-joints or any other suitable contrivance so arranged that the pressure of
the moving mandrel will force the same outward laterally.
In Figure 8 of the Drawings I have shewn a modified construction of the appa-
ratus, in which instead of expanding the segments f by a taper mandrel I
employ an expanding nut f' whose screwed outer surface engages with the corre-
spondingly screwed interior of the segments f. By turning this nut when the
segments are inserted in the tube-end the said segments will be expanded, and in
order to then impart a rotary movement to the same I provide the mandrel e with
a spiral groove at e¹ into which fits a projection on the portion m* of the cylinder
m, so that when the rod d is reciprocated by the handle the said mandrel will
have an endwise movement imparted to the same and, through the grooves and
projections, will impart a rotary movement to the cylinder-segments f.
Figures 9 and 10 shew an apparatus constructed according to my Invention in
which I operate the aforesaid mandrel by means of a screw instead of by hydraulic
or pneumatic power. In this case I provide a cylinder A in two sections b, c. The
lugs or segments f are attached to the front section c, and this section is attached
to the section behind it in the manner previously described and as shewn in Figures
1 and 2. The front section c is grooved, and the mandrel e is provided with pro-
jections, as herein before described. The rear portion of the mandrel e is provided
with internal screw-threads at e7; into this threaded portion I pass a screw, bolt, or
rod p; this rod is passed through the head or end p₁ of the cylinder, and is pro-
vided with a collar p² between the end of the mandrel e and the rear end of the
cylinder. When the said screw-rod p is turned the mandrel is caused to advance
or recede; the rear part of the rod p is made square or of other suitable shape to
receive a spanner, handle, lever, wheel, or other suitable device, by means of which
to apply power to the said rod to turn the same.
In Figure 11 I have shewn an improved method of expanding and clamping the
segments firmly in the end of a tube previous to exerting excessive pressure upon
the same by the screw-rod p. For this purpose I employ a screw-rod p³ which is
passed through the screw p and is provided with screw-threads at p which engage
with screw-threads in the mandrel. The front end of this screw p³ is inclined or
tapered, as shewn, and when screwed forward by a wrench, spanner, or other imple-
ment tends to expand the expanding mandrel e, thereby extending or causing a
preliminary lateral movement of the segments f so as to hold the apparatus firmly
in position in the tube, the further expansion of whose end is then produced by
turning the screw p. I may sometimes provide for applying the preliminary
pressure in this apparatus by hydraulic or pneumatic power by means of a pump
arranged in any convenient position. I may also in some cases employ a similar
preliminary expanding device in connection with the apparatus shewn in Figures 1
and 2, the end wise movement of the rod p³ in this case being preferably produced by
hydraulic power.
In Figures 12, 13, and 14 I have shewn a slightly modified construction of the
apparatus illustrated in Figures 9 and 10. According to this modification I employ
a triangular or three sided mandrel e adapted to expand the segments f. In these
Figures I have also shewn the segments provided with rollers f³ on their periphery
to diminish the friction between the same and the tube and facilitate the turning of
the said segments. Instead of forming the mandrel cylindrical or triangular, as

page_text: above described, I in some cases form the same with five, seven, or more sides as
desired.
Figures 15 and 16 shew another modification of my Invention in which the rear
end of the mandrel is hexagonal or similarly formed and fits a correspondingly
shaped hole in the casing b. In this case the mandrel is not turned automatically
during its forward movement; but when desired the segments may be rotated by
applying to the hexagonal or other shaped exterior of the casing b a spanner or
other suitable device whereby the whole apparatus will be turned in the tube
wherever it is placed.
With suitable modifications which will be apparent without description the
apparatus constructed as last herein described may be employed for securely holding.
wheels, pulleys, and similar articles in lathes or other like machines. Instead of
employing a screw, as above described, I in some cases form on, or arrange in
connection with, the lever a cam or excentric which when the said lever is raised
and lowered will effect the necessary movements of the mandrel e, as herein before
described; or I may use a series of toggle-arms similar to those used in toggle-
presses, and which will cause the longitudinal adjustment of the said mandrel when
pressure is applied to such toggles.
A small apparatus constructed according to my Invention, and chiefly designed
to be used for expanding very small tubes of brass or copper, or finger and other.
rings, is illustrated in Figures 17 and 18. In this modification I provide a cylinder
A, through the rear end of which passes a screw-rod q provided with a wheel q¹ or
other suitable appliance at its end for screwing and unscrewing the same; this rod
q extends into the cylinder A, and is secured to the rear end of the mandrel e which
is circular in transverse section and tapers gradually towards its front. The front
part of the cylinder A is cut out as shewn to receive the end of three or more
expanding pieces f which fit together and form a hollow cone-shaped piece. The
pieces are held together by means of a collar or cap r screwed upon the forward
end of the cylinder A; or the said pieces may be provided with a dovetail
extension as described with reference to Figures 1 to 7. The mandrel e enters the
hollow space between the pieces f and exerts great force upon the latter, pressing
them outward when the rod q is screwed forward. When the rod q is screwed
backward the pressure is removed from the pieces f, and they may be removed from
the tube or other object operated upon.
Either of the forms of my improved apparatus may be made of steel, iron, brass,
copper, hard white metal, phosphor-bronze, or any other metal suitable for the
purpose. They may also be made in all desirable sizes, one apparatus being suitable
for a number of different diameters of tubes.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and shown how the same may
be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice, I wish it understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise arrangement or relative position of the parts of
my apparatus as shewn in the accompanying Drawings, but may vary the same to
suit the requirements of particular cases. For instance, the forcing devices may be
arranged nearer to or farther from the mandrel, and the bydraulic or pneumatic
part of the apparatus may be separate from the cylinder or case enclosing the
inandrel and connected thereto by suitable tubes. And the details of the said
apparatus may be varied with regard to the form or number of the segments, the
means for rotating the mandrel, and the provision of rollers on the mandrel, and in
other particulars which will not involve a departure from the essential features of
my Invention. And I further wish it understood that I do not claim the employ-
ment of hydraulic or pneumatic or other means for applying pressure for the
expansion of tubes or for similar purposes irrespective of the devices hereinabove
specified, but I claim,-
1
First. In an apparatus for expanding boiler-tubes or for similar purposes a
mandrel fitted within a cylinder or case, and arranged and operating under hydraulic,
pneumatic, or other pressure in combination with segments or other suitable devices
formed and arranged to be inserted within the end of the tube or other article, and

page_text: to move laterally therein and cause the expansion of the same by the action of the
said mandrel, as above set forth.
Second. In an apparatus for expanding boiler-tubes or for similar purposes a
mandrel provided with a conical end (and with or without the devices for causing
its rotation) in combination with the movable segments or other suitable devices,
and arranged within a cylinder or case to be operated by hydraulic or pneumatic
power exerted upon it through the medium of the reciprocating rod actuated by a
lever or other device, as above described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the
Drawings.
Third. In an apparatus for expanding boiler-tubes or for similar purposes the
combination with the conical mandrel arranged within a cylinder or case, and the
segments provided with projecting flanges of the reciprocating rod provided with
a valve and adapted to force forward the liquid contained in a chamber to act upon
the mandrel, and the arrangement of the ports or passages controlled by screw-
plugs or otherwise, substantially as above described with reference to Figures 1
and 2 of the Drawings.
Fourth. In an apparatus for expanding boiler-tubes or for similar purposes a
hollow conical mandrel provided with a chamber to contain liquid which in the
reciprocating movement of the rod is forced forward into the front end of a cylinder,
and causes the said mandrel to be forced back to expand the inovable lugs or
segments, substantially as described with reference to Figures 3 to 7 of the
Drawings.
Fifth. The combination with the cylinder carrying the moveable lugs or segments
the hollow conical mandrel and the reciprocating rod for forcing the liquid forward
into the said cylinder of the channel extending through the said mandrel, and
provided with a valve or plug by which the flow or passage of the fluid through
the said channel is controlled, substantially as above set forth and for the purposes
specified.
Sixth. The modification of my Invention whereby I provide for the preliminary
expansion or adjustment of the segments or other expanding devices in my
improved apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Tully, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
TI זזז
זזזזז
WILLIAM TULLY. (L.S.)
(ལ་༥)