Improvements in Electric Welding or Metal Working Apparatus.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Welding or Metal Working Apparatus.
.
We, ARTHUR FRANCIS BERRY, of the Globe Works, Woodfield Road, Harrow
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, and REGINALD JOHN
WALLIS-JONES, of 36, Great George Street, in the City of Westminster, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In electric welding or metal working apparatus as heretofore constructed, it
has been usual to so arrange the several coils or parts (hereinafter called coils)
of the secondary winding in which low tension currents of large quantity are
generated, that they are at varying distances from the primary winding of the
transformer and are of different length, so that they are not equally efficient in
the generation of the secondary current; they also differ in resistance unless their
cross sections be correspondingly increased-necessitating the use of more copper
in their construction; and the current density or strength produced in the several
coils is not uniform.
Now this invention has reference to a construction of electric welding or metal
working apparatus wherein the several coils constituting the secondary winding
of the transformer are so constructed and arranged that they are equally distant
from and are similarly arranged in close proximity to the primary winding and
are of equal length and cross section, so that electric currents will be efficiently gene-
rated in them, the density or strength of current will be the same in each and the
amount of copper or other metal required for their construction will be reduced
to a minimum, whereby a welding machine having a high efficiency can be con-
structed at less cost and of less weight and size than heretofore.
For this purpose the transformer is constructed with a secondary winding com-
posed of a number of similar single coils or loops of equal length, cross section
and shape, arranged side by side and so as to surround, or nearly surround, in
a uniform manner, a longitudinal or axially arranged primary winding, the
several secondary coils being connected in parallel by their two ends to the two
platens of the electric welding or like apparatus. The secondary coils are pre-
ferably each made of circular shape of copper tape with its ends bent outward
and connected to the platens, as by burning or casting, either direct or through
two bars or blocks of copper of large cross section and common to the two sets
of coil ends, the primary winding being of cylindrical shape, arranged to extend
co-axially through the secondary coils, and provided with a suitable core.
The primary winding and iron core of the transformer may advantageously be
constructed in one or other of the ways described in the Specifications of former
Patents Nos. 2801 and 9457, both of 1897, granted to one of us, viz. the said
Arthur Francis Berry, and with or without special cooling means.
In one construction of electric welding or like apparatus according to this
invention, the secondary coils are suspended by their ends from the two platens
of the welding or like machine so as to hang in parallel vertical planes and have
a common axis, and the primary coil, of cylindrical shape, is arranged horizontally

page_text: and co-axially within the secondary coils, the iron core consisting of a number of
radial laminated plates of straight strips of soft iron shaped and arranged around
the primary and secondary coils substantially as described in the said former
Specification 9457 of 1897, or 2801 of 1897. Pipes of spiral, zig-zag or other
shape and traversed by water or other fluid, may be arranged longitudinally
between the radial plates for the purpose of cooling the transformer when this
may be necessary.
The platens or secondary poles are provided with suitable metal clamping
devices for holding the pieces of metal to be welded, and in connection therewith
there are provided suitable pressure devices such as levers, screws, hydraulic jacks
or fluid pressure motors to enable the clamping devices to be moved towards each
other so that the pieces of metal to be welded can be forced together when heated
by the passage of the electric current, as in electric welding machines of the
Thomson type. The clamping devices and attached parts may, when necessary,
be suitably cooled (as for example) by the passage of water through the copper
blocks in contact with the metals to be welded.
improvements in Electric Welding or Metal Working Apparatus.
We, ARTHUR FRANCIS BERRY, of the Globe Works, Woodfield Road, Harrow
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Electrical Engineer, and REGINALD JOHN
WALLIS-JONES, of 36, Great George Street, in the City of Westminster, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
In electric welding or metal working apparatus as heretofore constructed, it
has been usual to so arrange the several coils or parts (hereinafter called coils)
of the secondary winding in which low tension currents of large quantity are
generated, that they are at varying distances from the primary winding of the
transformer and are of different length, so that they are not equally efficient in
the generation of the secondary current; they also differ in resistance unless their
cross sections be correspondingly increased-necessitating the use of more copper
in their construction; and the current density or strength produced in the several
coils is not uniform.
Now this invention has reference to a construction of electric welding or metal
working apparatus wherein the several coils constituting the secondary winding
of the transformer are so constructed and arranged that they are equally distant
from and are similarly arranged in close proximity to the primary winding and
are of equal length and cross section, so that electric currents will be efficiently
generated in them, the density or strength of current will be the same in each,
and the amount of copper or other metal required for their construction will be
reduced to a minimum, whereby a welding machine having a high efficiency can
be constructed at less cost and of less weight and size than heretofore.
For this purpose the transformer is constructed with a secondary winding com-
posed of a number of similar single coils or loops of equal length, cross section

page_text: and shape, arranged side by side and so as to surround, or nearly surround, in
a uniform manner, a longitudinal or axially arranged primary winding, the
several secondary coils being connected in parallel by their two ends to the two
platens of the electric welding or like apparatus. The secondary coils may be
each made of circular shape of copper tape or strip with its ends bent outward
and connected to the platens, as by burning or casting, either direct, or through
two bars or blocks of copper of large cross section and common to the two sets of
coil ends; or the secondary coils may be made in one piece as a grid-like casting
which can afterwards be bent to a nearly circular shape with solid outwardly bent
ends, which can be arranged for in the casting and which serve for attachment
to the platens. The primary winding may be of cylindrical shape, arranged to
extend co-axially through the secondary coils, and provided with a suitable core.
The primary winding and iron core of the transformer may advantageously be
constructed in one or other of the ways described in the Specifications of former
Patents Nos. 2801 and 9457, both of 1897, granted to one of us, viz. the said
Arthur Francis Berry, and with or without special cooling means.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying illustrative drawings show one con-
struction of electric welding or like apparatus according to this invention, Fig.
being a front view partly in longitudinal section, Fig. 2 an end view, partly in
cross section, and Fig. 3 a plan.
In this apparatus, which constitutes an automatic welder, a a are the secondary
coils of the transformer suspended by their ends b and c from the two platens d
and e of the welding or like machine so as to hang in parallel vertical planes and
have a common axis. Each coil a is made of copper strip bent to a circular shape
so as to form nearly a complete turn, and has its two ends b and c bent as shown
and connected respectively to two copper bars ƒ and g of large cross section which
are in turn connected to the platens d and e respectively. In lieu of making
the secondary coils separately as shown in Fig. 2, they may be made in one piece
as a grid-like casting as shown in edge and face view in Figs. 4 and 5 respectively,
the said casting being bent to a nearly circular shape and its ends b and c con-
nected direct to the platens d and e.
h (Figs. 1 and 2) is the primary coil of the transformer, made of hollow cylin-
drical shape and arranged horizontally and co-axially within the secondary coils a.
The iron core of the transformer consists of a number of radial laminated plates i of
straight strips of soft iron shaped and arranged radially around the primary and
secondary coils h and a respectively, substantially as described in the said former
Specification No. 9457 of 1897. The transformer is arranged within the hollow stand j
below the top thereof carrying the platens d and e and attached parts. Pipes
of spiral, zig-zag or other shape, and traversed by water or other fluid. may be
arranged longitudinally in the spaces between the radial plates i, as described
in the said former Specification No. 9457 of 1897, for the purpose of cooling the
transformer when this may be necessary.
The platens or secondary poles d and e are provided with suitable metal clamp-
ing devices and m for holding the pieces of metal to be welded, and in con-
nection therewith there are provided suitable pressure devices, such as levers,
screws, hydraulic jacks or fluid pressure moters, as well understood, to enable
the clamping devices to be moved towards each other so that the pieces of metal
to be welded can be forced together when heated by the passage of the electric
current, as in electric welding machines of the Thomson type. In the example
shown, the clamping device m is fixed and the other one is arranged to be moved
towards it by a spring o acting through a lever p and link q, and from it by
operating the said lever by hand in an opposite direction to the spring. The
clamping devices and attached parts may, when necessary, be suitably cooled, as
for example by the passage of water through the copper blocks in contact with
the metals to be welded, as well understood.
The circuit of the primary winding of the transformer may be opened by an auto-
matically acting switch or by a hand switch, when the heated metal under treat-

page_text: ment has been upset to a sufficient extent. Fig. 6 shows partly in longitudinal
section and partly in side elevation, a known construction of automatic switch
for the purpose mentioned, wherein the switch lever r for completing the circuit
of the primary winding is normally held in the closed position, against the action of
a springs by a movable abutment & made in the form of a blade that is normally
held over a similar blade u on the short arm of the switch lever by a lever w,
the lever w and blade t being held in the operative position by a spring . Con-
nected to the tubular pivot z of the lever p is a lever arm z₁ that bears against
a roller carried by a lever w. The arrangement is such that when the ends of
the pieces of metal under treatment becomes upset in consequence of the heat
and pressure to which they are subject the lever p will turn slightly under the
action of the spring o and through the pivot z, lever arm z¹, and lever w will move
the abutment t from above the blade and allow the switch lever to be auto-
matically opened by the spring s. 2 is a plunger extending through the tubular
pivot and adapted to act upon the short arm of the switch lever r so that the latter
can be closed by hand.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. An electric welding or metal working apparatus wherein the several coils
constituting the secondary winding of the transformer used therein are so con-
structed and arranged that they are equally distant from and are similarly arranged
in close proximity to the primary winding and are of equal length and cross section,
substantially as described for the purposes specified.
2. In electric welding or metal working apparatus, a transformer constructed
with a secondary winding composed of a number of similar single coils or loops
of equal length, cross section and shape, arranged side by side and so as to surround
or nearly surround, in a uniform manner, a longitudinal or axially arranged
primary winding, the several secondary coils being connected in parallel by their
ends to the two platens of the apparatus, substantially as described.
3. An electric welding or metal working machine constructed, arranged and
operating substantially as heretofore described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
That this and lave of Jonna 1000