IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING APPARATUS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66,Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING APPARATUS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Samuel Munson Longley and Andrew
Conkey Getty, both of Hudson, in the State of New York, United States
of America.
Sealed the 4th September 1866, and dated the 24th March 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th March 1866.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved apparatus for hoisting, and
has for its object to provide means better adapted to the economical
application of power for lifting heavy weights than any apparatus now
known.
The first improvement consists in the employment in combination with two

page_text: chain wheels of different diameters or a differential pulley and a chain
working thereon of the following arrangement of gearing :-In the frame
which carries the axle for the chain pulleys a second axle is mounted in
bearings. The chain wheels turn freely on their axle, and to them is affixed
so as to turn with them a large spur wheel, or the three may be cast
together. On the second and lower axle is keyed inside of the frame a pinion
which gears into the spur wheel, and outside of the frame a rope wheel is
keyed to the same axle. The chain passes over the larger chain pulley,
thence down and around an ordinary sheave block, and up over the smaller
chain pulley, and it then has its ends joined. The operation would be the
samo without uniting the ends of the chain, the only object of which is to
shorten the amount of chain requisite to lift a given distance. The rope
wheel is formed of radial arms terminating each in a V end to receive and
bito the rope which is of the proper size to fit therein, and of a suitable length
to operate the apparatus where it may be located. It will bo understood
that if a weight be attached to the block, and power applied to the rope
to pull the latter, the pinion will drive the spur wheel which, carrying
with it the double chain wheel, will cause the chain to be taken up faster
than it is let out (or down), the consequence of which is the elevation of the
sheave block (carrying the weight to be raised), each revolution of the chain
wheels elevating the block a distance equal to the difference between the
circumferences of the two chain wheels.
As a modification of the above the frame of the apparatus is made of two
side pieces, each in the form of a cross, the arms of which are united by cross
pieces. An upper shaft, fixed or keyed in the sides of the frame so that it
shall not rotate, carries a single and a double or differential chain pulley
which are independent of each other, and are loose on the shaft. Both pullies
are provided with spur wheels, that of the single pulley being much smaller
than the spur wheel of the differential pulley. The chain by which tho single
pulley and its attached spur wheel are rotated is to be long enough to reach
the operator.
An under shaft having its bearings in the frame carries two
spur wheels of different diameters, which respectively engage the spur wheels
of the chain pulleys and transmit the hauling motion from the single pulley
to the differential pulley and thence to the chain carrying the load. The
pulleys constituting the differential pulley are of unequal diameter, as in the
first described arrangement, and rotate together with their spur wheel. A
chain which may be continuous passes around these pulleys and carries a
sheave, as before described, to whose block is attached a hook for carrying the
load to be lifted by the apparatus.

page_text: A further modification of the double or differential chain pulley arrangement
consists in applying to the pulley a worm wheel which is driven by a worm
that may be thrown in and out of action at pleasure. In a frame or sheave
block, made with a suspending book, bearings are provided for the shaft which
carries the differential pulley and its worm wheel, and rotates with them..
There are also other bearings in a yoke, the arms of which project from the
upper part of the frame. These bearings receive a rotating shaft situated at
right angles to the other shaft, and carrying a worm or endless screw, which
gears with the worm wheel. The worm wheel shaft has also secured on one
end a power wheel for giving motion to the apparatus. The bearings of the
worm shaft are fitted with loose circular bosses connected with each other by
two levers and a cross bar, and in these bosses the shaft revolves out of the
centro of the same, making the said bearings excentric, by which means the
worm may be either let into or taken out of gear with the worm wheel by
moving up or down the levers. Over the differential or double-grooved pulley
passes the hauling chain which carries the travelling sheave block with the
load to be raised. Projecting from the interior of the frame is a guard over-
lying the grooves of the differential pulley to prevent the chain from "over-
riding" the studs or projections in the grooves, or running out of its proper
channel, and thereby preventing the sudden jolting of the weight, and con-
sequent straining of the chain by the slipping of the links.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, Gled
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th September 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Alfred
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special licence that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should

page_text: and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTING APPARATUS," being
a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that
1, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under ny, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention relates to a hoisting machine, apparatus, or tackle designed
to be either portable or permanent, and applicable to the raising or lowering
of goods or materials in ships, warehouses, or elsewhere.
In carrying out the object of the Invention the gain derivable from
differential pulleys operating a lifting rope or chain is combined with or
augmented by a novel system of gearing to which the power is applied for
operating the pulleys.
The first part of the Invention consists in combining within a sling or other
frame on a cross shaft differential pulleys, and a spur wheel united so as to
rotate together, and a second shaft carrying a power wheel and pinion meshing
into the spur wheel.
The second part of this Invention is embodied in arranging on the same
shaft that carries the united differential pulleys and spur wheel, the power
wheel and pinion made to rotote independently of the pulleys, and in gear
with a spur wheel on a second shaft that carries a pinion operating the spur
wheel of the pulley shaft.
The third part of the Invention consists in substituting a worm for the spur
wheel connected with the differential pulleys and an endless screw for the
pinion in gear with the worm wheel, the screw being on a transversely
arranged power shaft and made capable of being thrown in or out of gear at
pleasure.
The nature of the Invention having been specified its description with
reference to the accompanying Drawing will be proceeded with.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a hoisting machine or apparatus con-

page_text: structed according to this Invention, and Fig. 2 an edge view of the same,
like letters referring to like parts; Fig. 3 is a side view of a modification of
the same Invention, and Fig. 4 a sectional elevation thereof, taken as denoted
by the line x, x, in Fig. 3, similar letters referring to corresponding parts;
Figs. 5 and 6 are views at right angles to each other of the same Invention
under a further modification, like letters indicating like parts.
In Figures 1 and 2.of the Drawing A is the frame of the machine tackle
or apparatus. In this frame are mounted two shafts a and b, one of which, a,
is made fast in the frame A, and the other 6 to turn in bearings formed in the
frame. On the shaft a are hung, so as to turn freely thereon, two united chain
wheels c, d, of ordinary construction and different diameter, forming what are
known as differential pulleys, the peripheries of which are adapted to receive
a lifting rope or links of a chain B. On the shaft a is also bung so as to turn
freely a spur wheel C, which it is proposed to make solid or all in one piece
with the chain wheels c and d, the whole of said wheels c, d, and C 'turning
loosely within the frame A. Meshing into the spur wheel C is a pinion D,
made fast within the frame A to the loose shaft b, which also has keyed to it
outside the frame a power wheel E that is operated or set in motion by an
endless rope G of proper thickness to fit into the ends of the arms of the
wheel E, where the wheel is of such construction and of a suitable length to
work the apparatus wherever it may be located. The chain B it may be
observed is first passed over the pulley c, then down and round an ordinary
sheave block F, from whence it is passed up and round the pulley d, and
afterwards its suspended ends are united or not, as deemed advisable.
Supposing the apparatus to be attached by a hook or otherwise above, and
a weight or load to be secured to the hook of the sheave block F below, then
by pulling in the appropriate direction on the rope G the wheel E in turning
causes the pinion D to drive the wheel C, and with the latter the chain
pulleys c and d, and thus the chain B is set in operation and caused to lift the
block F with its load by reason of the difference in diameter of the pulleys,
the chain being taken up by c faster than it is let out or down by d. The
sheave block is thus elevated at each revolution of the wheels c and d a
distance equal to the difference between the circumferences of c and d. On
changing the run of the rope G the action will be reversed and the block with
its load lowered.
"
-power of
By employing gear in connection with the differential pulleys the-
the machine may be considerably augmented or diversified, thus the wheels
or pinion and wheels C and D may be changed for others of different relative
diameters, to vary the speed of the apparatus to adapt it to different kinds of

page_text: work.
Various changes also may be made, as, for instance, in the form of the
frame which carries the gear in the construction of the power rope wheel, if
rope be used, chain being equally applicable and in the gear itself. Thus, as
in Figures 3 and 4, not only may the frame be modified, but the fast shaft a
may be made to carry loosely on it, but detached from each other, both the
united differential pulleys c and d and the power wheel E worked by an
endless rope or chain G, and the wheel may have cast on or secured to it a
pinion D, which meshing into a spur wheel fast on the loose shaft b causes a
pinion H on the last-named shaft to givo motion to the differential pulloys by
its gear with a second spur wheel I made fast to those pulleys, and thus a
large increase of power will be obtained to operate the lifting chain B and its
sheave block F, or where less power and more speed is required the order of
the gear may be reversed. The pulleys c and d and wheel E round which
respectively the two chains B and G are passed may be made with suitable
projections in their grooved peripheries to take hold of the links of their
chains.
Again, instead of having as in the last described modification the
differential pulleys with their spur gear and power wheel with its gear all on
the same shaft, a system of gear as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 may be
used. In these Figures the frame A is made to carry on its shaft a the
differential pulleys c, d, and in place of an ordinary spur a worm wheel C fast
to or cast with them. The frame A is made with a guard e arranged to lie over
the differential pulleys to retain in its place and in gear with the pulleys tho
lifting chain B which carries the sheave block F. The frame is also so
formed or extended as to accommodate a second or operating shaft 6 arranged
however, in this instance, at right angles to the lifting shaft a, and provided
with an endless screw D, which meshing into the worm wheel C serves to
drive the latter and the differential pulleys connected therewith. The screw D
is operated by a power wheel E mado fast to this second shaft band worked by
an endless rope or chain G. The bearings of the shaft 6 in the frame A or
its extension are preferably not of a fixed or permanent character, but consist
of bosses united by levers 9 and cross bar h, and through which the shaft b
is made to pass excentrically, so that by turning up or down the levers 9 the
screw D is thrown in or out of gear with the worm wheel C. The object of
this arrangement is to vary in a quick and simple manner the speed of the
apparatus to suit different kinds of work, thus by operating the differential
pulleys through the worn wheel C and screw 1), a slow powerful motion is
obtained for lifting great weights, but on disconnecting the screw and hauling

page_text: direct on the lifting chain B a much quicker action is procured for lifting
lesser ones.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in
Hoisting Apparatus," as communicated to me from abroad, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First, the combination of devices substantially as represented in Figures
1 and 2, and embracing the differential pulleys c, d, and spur wheel C with
their shaft a and pinion D, with its shaft and power wheel E.
Second, the combination of differential pulleys and their spur wheel with
power wheel and pinion on the same shaft, and pinion and wheel on a secondary
shaft essentially as represented in Figures 3 and 4.
Third, the differential pulleys and worm wheel on the one shaft in combina-
tion with an endless screw on a separate shaft hung and arranged for operation,
substantially as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.B.)