IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES APPLICABLE TO ALL MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AS WELL AS TO ALL TWINERS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau, of 338, Rue Saint
Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Mechanician, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES APPLICABLE TO ALL MACHINES FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,
AS WELL AS TO ALL TWINERS."
Sealed the 26th June 1866, and dated the 24th April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Marie Ryo-
Catteau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th April 1866.
I, JOSEPH MARIE RYO-CATTEAU, of 333, Rue Saint Martin, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES APPLICABLE TO ALL MACHINES FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AS
WELL AS TO ALL. TWINERS," to be as follows:-
My new system of spindles, applicable to all machines for spinning,
doubling, and twining or twisting, is calculated to effect considerable improve-
ments in the manufacture of textile fabrics by economising labour and by
the production of a superior quality of work.

page_text: The construction and action of my improved spindles as used for a throstle
or a doubling frame are as follows:-The rod or spindle proper extends from
the footstep to the top of the bobbin or spool, and is provided with a groove of
about one-third of its entire length. Loose upon this spindle is placed a short
tube passing through and revolving in a brass bush of the spindle rail; and to
the end of this tube immediately above the brass bush is secured by screws
the boss of the flyer, whilst the bobbin itself is fixed to the spindle. To the
end of this flyer tube below the spindle rail is fixed the pulley through which
motion is communicated to the spindle, the boss of the flyer and the boss of
the pulley forming collars on the tube above and below the spindle rail,
thereby preventing it moving upwards or downwards. At a certain distance
below the flyer tube is a second similar tube, which I will call the bottom
tube, fitting like the flyer tube easy upon the spindle. The upper part of
this bottom tube is furnished with a stud or pin, the inner end of which takes
into the groove in the spindle, and the outer end into a helicoidal groove or
inclined plane formed between two short ferules, one of which reaching down-
wards is secured on the neck of the bush of the pulley, and the other reaches
upwards to the neck of a sliding bush which fits loose on the upper end of
the bottom tube. The two ferules are kept at the proper distance from each
other by means of a connecting tube of larger diameter, the upper end of
which is screwed to the boss of the pulley, and the lower end upon an enlarged
part of the sliding bush. The connecting tube surrounds and covers the two
ferules forming the helicoidal groove, and effectually excludes dust and dirt.
The lower end of the bottom tube passes through a steel bush, upon which it
rests by means of a collar, and which steel bush is retained on the bottom
tube from below by a loose collar secured by set screws to the end of the
bottom tube. The steel bush is held between the forked end of a long lever
by means of two set screws which serve as fulcrum. The long arm of this
lever has its fulcrum on the frame of the machine, whilst its short forked arm
carries a roller at its end and rests upon a heart eccentric which is loose on
its shaft, and which can be put into and out of gear by a clutch box and
lever. The rotation of the heart eccentric, communicates an oscillating motion
to the lever, and through it to the tube which carries the stud, and which
stud is now caused to ascend and descend in the helicoidal groove already
mentioned. Near its lower end the spindle carries a small pulley, round
which passes a small cord; one end of it is attached to the frame, and from
the other end is suspended a small weight. The friction of this cord has a
constant tendency to retard the movement of the spindle and of the bobbin
or spool fixed upon it. The footstep of the spindle is let into the rail, which

page_text: I
by its upward and downward motion lifts and lowers the spindle and causes
the thread to wind itself uniformly upwards and downwards on to the bobbin
or spool. Through the ascending and descending movement of the pin of the
bottom tube in the helicoidal groove the flyer and the bobbin are at a given
moment united as it were, and made to revolve together at the same velocity,
whereby the twist of the thread is produced, whilst at another moment
the movement of the flyer and that of the bobbin are independent of each
other..
the spindle,
If the frame to which my improved spindle is applied is arranged for
doubling or twining thread already spun with twist only one set of feed rollers
is required. In this case the ascending and descending movement of the
bottom tube with its pin must be regulated to correspond with the speed of
the feed rollers. The driving pulley as well as the flyer and the connecting
tube being all one with the flyer tube, all these parts perform the same
number of revolutions. The spindle, and therefore the bobbin or spool, as
well as the bottom tube, whose pin or stud takes into the slot in
perform likewise the same number of revolutions together. When the
bottom tube neither ascends nor descends all the various parts of the spindle
without distinction revolve at the same velocity. When, however, it is forced
upwards or downwards by the motion of the lever and the heart eccentric, and
the pin thereby caused to ascend or descend in the helicoidal groove, then
the speed of the spindle and bobbin is retarded and less than that of the
flyer, and the number of their revolutions exactly equals the number of times
the bottom tube with its pin has ascended and descended in the inclined plane
or groove. Tho difference in the rotation between the two corresponds to the
length of thread wound on to the bobbin, and which has to be furnished by
the feed rollers, whose speed is calculated accordingly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 31st July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPII
MARIE RYO-CATTEAU, of 333, Rue Saint Martin, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Mechanician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES APPLICABLE TO ALL MACHINES FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AS
WELL AS TO ALL TWINERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals; should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My new and improved construction of spindles, which is applicable to all
machines for spinning, doubling, twining, or twisting, is calculated to effect
considerable improvements in the manufacture of textile fabrics by economising
labour and by the production of a superior quality of work.
In order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe the same, reference
being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, the same letters and figures denoting similar parts in the
several Figures.
Fig. 1 represents an end elevation of a throstle frame to which my
improved spindles are applied; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same; and
Fig. 3 is a vertical section through line 1, 2,. of Fig. 2. The Figs. 1, 2,
& 3 are drawn to a scale of of the natural size. Fig. 4 represents a
sectional elevation of one of my improved spindles, and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8,
& 9 are detached views of parts of the spindle. Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9
are drawn to a scale of of the natural size. In Fig. 2 only two spindles
are shown, but it is evident that any desirable number of spindles can be
used. The several driving belts, as well as the wheels composing the gearing

page_text: for transmitting motion and giving the requisite speed to the several parts of
the machine, are indicated in red lines in Figs. 1 & 3, as is also the thread,
which is represented as being wound upon the bobbins in Figs. 2, 3, & 4.
It is not necessary to enter into the details of the construction of the
machine itself, whose general arrangement will be seen from the Drawing,
and I now proceed to describe the principal subject of my Invention, namely,
the spindle, and the manner in which its functions are performed.
Fig. 4 represents a vertical section of my improved spindle complete, with
the various parts of which it is composed ready for work; Fig. 4b is a
detached view of the spindle proper or rod A of the spindle, with the
longitudinal groove B cut into it. Upon the rod A is slipped the tube C,
which passes through the brass step X of the rail E. To the upper end of
tube C is secured by screws the socket D of the flyer G. A short distance
below the tube C is the second tube F (seen in elevation and section detached
in Fig. 5), into the upper end of which is screwed the small pin or stud K,
whose inner end reaches into the groove B of spindle A, whilst its outer end
passes into the space or groove formed between the helicoidal planes of the
tubes H & I (shown unrolled in Fig. 9). The tube H, see Figs. 4 & 6,
is fixed to the boss of pulley L, and tube I, see Figs. 4 & 7, is fixed to the
socket M. The two parts H & I are combined and formed into one by the
ferrule or box N, one end of which is secured by screws to the larger boss of
pulley L, and the other end to the enlarged part of socket M, as shown in
Fig. 4. Another object of the ferrule N is to box in and protect the inclined
planes from dust. The form of the curves being helicoidal it follows that
their development must be rectilinear, as seen in Fig. 9, where the space or
groove formed between the two parts H & I, through which the stud K
has to travel from the lower part of the helicoidal groove to the upper part of
the same, is clearly seen. The stud K must have sufficient play in the groove
to permit of its moving freely through the same, as shown at K, K', K",
Fig. 9. Towards its lower end-the tube F is formed with a collar W, which
rests against a steel socket d fitting easy upon the lower end of the tube F,
and retained upon the same by a small bush fixed with set screws. The steel
socket d is connected. with forked part of the long lever f, whose point of
oscillation is at e, see Figs. 1 & 3, by two screws, see. Fig. 4, diametrically
opposite each other. This lever f carries at its end a small roller h, which
rests constantly upon the heart eccentric 9 turning loosely on shaft i, with
whose motion it can at will be connected or disconnected by means of a clutch
box arrangement; this clutch box consists of a disc j keyed on shaft i, and
which can be moved to and fro by the lever t. A stud fixed to this disc is in

page_text: this manner caused to enter or withdraw itself from a corresponding hole or
recess formed in the heart eccentric. The small pulley P fixed towards the
lower end of the spindle A has for its object to act as a slight friction
apparatus; a small cord attached with one end to the frame, and having a
small weight suspended from the other end, is for this purpose passed round
the pulley P, and the friction thereby exerted constantly tends to retard the
motion of the spindle A and of the bobbin R, which is attached to and revolves
with the spindle. The foot of the spindle A rests in the footstep / (see
Figs. 3 & 4), which is let into the bar Q, which by its to-and-fro motion in
a vertical direction permits the thread to wind itself uniformly in an upward
and downward direction upon the bobbin. The manner in which the to-and-
fro motion of the bar Q is produced is sufficiently indicated by my Drawing;
it may besides vary according to the description of bobbin which is used for
spinning or doubling, therefor if bobbins are used such as are shown in the
Drawing it will suffice to give the bar Q a to-and-fro motion more or less
rapid, but whose course must correspond with the length of the bobbin
between its two flanges. If the thread has to be spun or doubled upon spools
of greater length it is clear that the extent of to-and-fro motion must
necessarily correspond with this length; therefor for a throstle bobbin or
spool the bar Q would at first have a slight to-and-fro motion, which during a
certain time would continue to increase in extent, and finally remain uniform
until the bobbin were completely formed.
I will now proceed to describe the manner in which my improved spindle
produces the winding on and giving torsion at the same time. These effects
are produced by certain combinations in my spindle which permit of the
bobbin and flyer being at a given moment made into one and caused to
revolve together at the same speed, whereby the torsion of the thread is
produced, whilst at another moment the motion of the flyer is made inde-
pendent of that of the bobbin. This result is obtained through the rise and
fall of the pin K along the helicoidal groove formed by the parts H & I, as
I will now further explain. If the machine is intended simply for twisting
thread already doubled one set of cylinders r, s, as shown in Figs. 2 & 3,
is necessary, and the speed of the rise and fall of the tube F, which carries
the stud K, must be regulated in direct proportion with the speed of the
rollers r, s. The small pulley L, flyer G, ferrule or box N which covers the
parts H & I, and. the socket M are all united with the tube C, and con-
sequently perform the same number of revolutions as tube C. On the other
band the spindle A with bobbin R, as well as the tube F, whose stud K enters
into the slot B of spindle A, are united together and perform the same

page_text: number of revolutions. When the tube F remains stationary with regard to
its rise and fall all the various parts composing the new spindle perform the.
same number of revolutions together; if, however, this same tube F is either
raised or lowered by the action of the lever f, which latter receives its oscil-
lating movement from the heart eccentric 9, then the 'speed of spindle A
and tube F becomes slower, and the number of revolutions by which the
speed of the spindle A and tube F is reduced is exactly equal to the
number of times the tube F has risen and fallen. In other words, supposing
the pulley L performs 6,000 revolutions in two minutes, the tube or box N as
well as the flyer G will likewise perform 6,000 revolutions provided the tube
E with stud K have during the same time ascended and descended* the
helicoidal groove three times, and the spindle A, bobbin R, & tube F will.
also have made 6,000 revolutions, less three revol., or 5,997 revol'. These
three revolutions less are employed for winding on the bobbin a certain length
of thread supplied by the rollers r, s, and it is therefore necessary that the
speed of the rollers be regulated in such a manner that the said length of thread.
furnished by the rollers be equal to that absorbed by the bobbin; and this
being the
case the thread is not in the slightest degree damaged in being wound
round the bobbin.
.
The practical working of my machine has satisfactorily proved that the
most delicate threads of wool can without breaking be spun, twisted, and
wound on the bobbins. In case of the breaking of a thread the ends can
be reunited with the greatest ease. By means of the levert the motion of
the heart eccentric and consequent rise and fall of tube F is arrested, and at.
the same time the attendant takes hold of the box N, and thereby stops the
flyer G, whereupon the joining of the ends is effected without hindrance and
without in the slightest degree interfering with the functions of any other part
of the machine.
The machine receives its motion through the pulley A' on the shaft a¹ of
the lower cone B¹. Upon this shaft is keyed the long sheet-iron drum C¹,
from which the spindles are driven by cords. At one end the shaft a' carries
the worm gearing into the worm wheel d¹ on the inclined shaft c, to which
is keyed the pinion e', which drives wheel f¹, keyed on the roller shaft r¹. At
one end of the shaft g¹ of the upper cone D¹ is keyed the pinion h¹, and
through the combination of gearing indicated by red lines the desired speed
is obtained by the pulley E¹, and communicated by a belt to the pulley F¹ on
shaft k, and the pulley G', which is fixed on shaft k¹, transmits motion to the
pulley H on shaft i, and thereby to the heart eccentric g, which through the
levers produce the rise and fall to that part of the spindle mechanism which

page_text: effects the winding on as above described. The rise and fall of the rail Q
which carries the spindles is effected from the shaft g', which through inter-
mediate worm wheel gear causes the shafts o¹ & p² to rotate. The heart
eccentric (Figs. 2 & 3) acting upon the lever q¹ gives it an upward and
downward action, which is transmitted by means of chains passing over
pulleys v, v, &z, on shafts p¹ to the rail Q.
=
In order to maintain the circumferential speed of the forming bobbin or
the winding on of the thread uniform, the strap of the two cone pulleys B¹
& D¹ is moved backward & forward by means of the strap fork P¹ screwed
to the bar M', which latter moves between the friction rollers t, t, & u, u².
This is effected from the shaft g', and through the agency of the counter-
weight S¹ and chain, which latter winds itself off and on on the lower part of
the pulley. L'.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that
what I claim as the Invention to be secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
:
Firstly, the principle of automatically retarding the motion of the spindle
A and bobbin K (see Fig. 4 of Drawings) in the manner and for the purposes
substantially as described.
Secondly, the ascending and descending or to-and-fro motion of the tube F
(see Fig. 4 of Drawings) in combination with two or more helicoidal
planes, which to-and-fro motion resolves itself into a uniform rotating move-
ment inverse to the movement of the flyer in the manner and for the purpose
substantially as described.
Thirdly, the application of a clutch box or starting and stopping apparatus
in combination with the forked lever f (see Figs. 1, 2, & 3 of Drawings)
for enabling the attendant to reunite the broken thread, in the manner
substantially as described.
9
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Marie Ryo-Catteau, have hereunto s
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of July, in the year
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
of our
JOSEPH MARIE RYO-CATTEAU. (L.s.)
い