IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, GEORGE HENRY TAYLOR, of Molyneux Place, Water Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my invention.
for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention comprises improved arrangements in constructing the firebox of
steam generators and attaching secondary vessels to utilise the otherwise waste
heat. The fuel is converted into gas in the central part of firebox and combustion
takes place in a chamber formed between the gas producer and outer casing. The
heat after passing through the heating tubes passes through another vessel in which
the feed water is heated. In commencing operations a fire is lighted on the fire-
grate in the ordinary way and is increased as quickly as practicable to a thick layer
of incandescent fuel. The gas which is then produced passes through the conduits
to the lower part of the combustion chamber which surrounds the gas producer.
According to one arrangement the gas passes into conduits which are formed in
the firebrick lining of the producer and it is thereby conducted to the lower part of
the combustion chamber where each conduit supplies two jets of gas. In this
arrangement the whole of the interior or producer portion of the firebox is made of
firebrick or other fire resisting material built up in sectional parts and domed over.
In another arrangement the gas is led off by a central uptake the lower part of
which has an annular water casing, the remaining length being in the water space
above the bottom tube plate. From the upper end of said uptake the gas is
conveyed by branch pipes to the outside of the steam generator shell and thence by
other pipes down to the combustion chamber.
The gas is fired at the various ports or jets in the lower part of the combustion
chamber, air to support combustion being admitted close to each gas inlet. The
products of combustion rise upwards and pass through tubes in the upper portion
of the steam generator. The heated gases may then be led off to the chimney or to
a secondary vessel through which the heated gases pass on their way to the
chimney.
The gas producer may be worked under pressure by any suitable steam jet
blower. The admission of air to the combustion chamber is regulated by valves
and may be assisted by the blast from the steam jet blower taken from under the

page_text: firegrate. Openings are formed in the casing of firebox for firing doors and in the
firebox foundation plating for clinker doors, which doors require to be well fitted
so as to be air tight when closed.
In working my combination of secondary vessels with steam generators, the.
water enters at or near the bottom end of secondary vessels, and each pair of
vessels is connected by a tube which leads from the water level of steam generator
to secondary vessel. The secondary vessels may be arranged to have the outer
annular groups of tubes for downcast draught and a central tube for upcast draught,
or the central part may also be filled with tubes for upcast draught, or the heated
gases may pass outside the tubes and the water inside.
Dust boxes are formed at the top of the steam generators and secondary vessels,
and at the bottom of 'secondary vessels, which are provided' with doors for cleaning
out the dust, and with necessary chimney damper arrangement. The gas conduits
on outside of steam generator are coated with composition to prevent radiation of
heat, and suitable cleaning doors are attached at the elbows or bends. The supply
of gas is regulated by the steam blower and chimney draught, a thick bed of fuel
being always maintained in the producer.
And in order that my Invention may be understood I will now describe it with
reference to the three sheets of Drawings accompanying this specification like
reference numbers being used to denote the same or similar parts where repeated on
the various diagrams.
Figure 1 is a vertical section taken through the firing door of brick lined
producer, and figure 2 is a vertical section through two of the gas conduits. Figure 3
is a plan on line A. B. and figure 4 is a plan on line C. D.
Figure 5 is a vertical section taken through the firing door of water cased
producer. Figure 6 is a plan on line E. F. Figure 7 is a plan on line G. H. and
figure 8 is a plan on line I. K.
Figures 9 to 14 shew various combinations of such steam generators with
secondary vessels, as applied where considerable power is required.
Gas is produced in the central retort 1, and conveyed by conduits 2, to the
inlets 3, in the lower part of combustion chamber 4, and air enters close to the gas
inlets at 5, suitable cleaning doors 6 being provided in gas conduits. The products
of combustion pass upwards and through the tubes 7, and into the dust.box 8.
From thence the heat may be led into a chimney 9, or by branch 10, into an
ordinary chimney, or through the secondary vessels as hereinafter described. The
water space 11, has a firebrick lining 12 below it, and a firebrick mouthpiece 13 for
stoking through. The lower part of combustion chamber is lined about one foot in
height with firebricks 14. The central or inner lining 15, and gas conduits of
producer indicated on sheet 1, are entirely of fire resisting material.
The firebox may stand upon a cast iron bedplate 16, which forins the hearth of
gas producer, and is plated at the bottom, or the outer casing of the firebox may be
continued down to the bottom or floor level. The firebars 17 are supported by
bearers 18. The clinker doors 19 have suitable crossbars and fixing screws. The
steam jet blower 20 may be fixed where shewn or in any convenient place near to.
A close fitting firing door is attached to the casing at front end of mouthpiece 13.
The hopper and valve 21 shewn on figures 5, may be used as an alternate method
for feeding the fuel through the uptake 22, still retaining the mouthpiece 13. Water
from the firebox casing 23 to producer, casing 11, circulates through a number of
tubes 24, which are fitted with caps 25. The said tubes 24 have perforations at
26, through which the sediment in water casings is also washed out.
Figure 9 shews two steam generators 27 connected by tubes 10 to secondary
vessel 28 which is filled with heating tubes. The waste heat being led from the
bottom of said vessel into the flue 29 and thence to any ordinary chimney
Figures 10 and 11 shew 4 generators 27 connected by tubes 10 to one secondary
vessel 28 which is filled with heating tubes the waste heat being led from the
bottom to an ordinary chimney. Figures 12 and 13 shew four generators 27
connected by tubes 10 to secondary vessel the annular part 30 of said vessel being

page_text: filled with heating tubes and the waste heat escaping by an upcast tube 31.
Figure 14 shows four generators 27 cach connected by tubes 10 to a secondary
vessel 28 filled with heating tubes, the said vessels being connected at bottom by
tubes 29 to an upcast flue 31 or to any ordinary chimney.
The water casing 11 of the gas producer 1 shewn on figure 5 may be made a few
inches less in depth, and the brick lining 12 below said casing may be increased in
depth so as to coincide with the depth of fuel, leaving a space of about an inch
between the lower edge of water casing and upper edge of brick lining, and thereby
forming an annular outlet for the gas to escape into the surrounding combustion
chamber, where jets of air are admitted to support combustion as previously
described.
The outer casing of the firebox is of greater diameter in circular or greater width
in rectangular forms than the casing of the steam generator above or beyond the
firobox, whereby I provide for a large and sufficient grate surface and so ensure an
abundant supply of gas, whether for vertical or horizontal generators, and whether
for circular or rectangular forms of producers and fireboxes.
The drawings herein given illustrative of my Invention have reference to vertical
generators, but it is obvious that the gas producer and combustion chamber may be
made of rectangular form, when applied to horizontal tubulous boilers.
The stoking
hole 13 and clinker doors 19 may be placed at any convenient angle from centre
line of generators to suit position of coal bunkers. In starting the producer the
smoke may be allowed to pass through the uptake 22, the valve 21 being open, or
through the gas conduits 2, until the fire is ready for making gas. The upper plate
of box 8 has holes through which to pass a flue brush when cleaning the tubes 7.
The heated gases from connections 10 may be turned into the secondary vessel
through the top of upper box instead of into the side in which case although upper
tube plate of said vessel may be lower than the upper tube plate of steam generator
the water level in each may coincide. In working these generators at high pressures
where superheating the steam is undesirable the upper heat box of generators may
be lowered so as to be covered with water the upper end of outer casing being
domed for steam space above said heat box. In the arrangement just named the
heated gases may be taken off by horizontal connections to secondary vessels, or
passed into a chimney in the centre of dome the details of which are well understood
by boiler makers.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my invention and explained
the best means I am acquainted with of performing the same I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not restrict myself to the precise details shewn on the accompanying
drawings but I claim as my Invention
First. Constructing steam generators so that the fuel is converted into gas in the
central part of the firebox and the combustion chamber is formed between the
producer and the outer casing of firebox.
Second. Grouping such steam generators round secondary vessels which are in
communication with them and in which the waste gases are used to heat the feed
water.
In Witness whereof I the said George Henry Taylor hereunto set my hand
and coal this 10th day of October in the wear of our Lord one thousand sight

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