Improvements in or applicable to Apparatus for Heating and Circulating Water for Domestic and other Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1895-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Apparatus for Heating and
Circulating Water for Domestic and other Purposes.
We, JAMES SMITH and WILLIAM HENRY STANFIELD, of the Firm Smith
and Stanfield of 60 Mottram Road, Stalybridge, in the County of Chester,
Plumbers, Glaziers, Gas and Water Fitters &c., do hereby declare the nature of
the said invention, to be as follows:-
:-
Our invention relates to an improved combination and arrangement of apparatus
for heating and circulating hot water for baths, lavatories and other domestic uses,
and also for warming purposes, by which improved apparatus hot water can be
taken directly from the boiler, the return hot water passing to the hot water
cylinder, or the hot water from the boiler may be taken wholly or in part directly
to the hot water cylinder.
The circulating pipes will have to be arranged according to the rooms or
buildings to be supplied with hot water, or to be warmed, but as an example we
will describe our improved apparatus as applied to a three storey building having
two roonis on the ground floor and two rooms over those in the ground floor in each
storey above.
The cold water supply cistern is at the top corner of one of the top rooms being
kept supplied from the service pipe by a ball tap.
From the bottom of the cold water cistern there is a pipe extending to nearly
the bottom of the hot water cylinder (which may be in a corner on the ground
floor) this cold water pipe passes up the centre of the interior of the hot water
cylinder the long axis of which is vertical and ends below the top of the inside of
the hot water cylinder in a cap perforated with holes to distribute the cold water
downwards.
From the top of the hot water cylinder there is a pipe which when the pressure
is excessive will discharge into the cold water cistern.
There is a branch pipe from the bottom of the hot water cylinder having a
cock by which water may be drawn from it and by which the cylinder may be
emptied.
There is a pipe from the side near the bottom of the hot water cylinder passing
to the boiler (generally in the kitchen range) and the hot water pipe from the
boiler passes upwards for a short distance and then horizontally and then turns
upward vertical. On this first part of the hot water pipe from the boiler there is a
branch having a weighted safety valve, and a cock to draw water from it and for
testing purposes.
There is a branch also of the hot water pipe from the boiler that passes directly
into the side of the hot water cylinder and this branch has a safety or regulating
valve, upon it, by which the water from the boiler may be made when required to
pass wholly or in part directly to the hot water cylinder.
The hot water pipe ascends to the highest room in the building and its upper or
open end may discharge into the cold water cistern if there is any obstruction to its
return in its passage to the hot water cylinder.
The return pipe for hot water may commence at a branch bend say at the top
floor and descend to the side of the hot water cylinder.
Hot water may be taken by branch pipes to a bowl or wash stand in each room

page_text: or to supply a bath, or by a branch from the hot water pipe from the boiler it may
be made to pass through coils or grids of pipes for warming purposes, and return
to the return hot water water pipe, there being a cock in the branch to regulate
the supply to the warming apparatus.
There is a branch on the side of the hot water cylinder having openings closed
by plugs or caps to provide against excess of pressure in the case of stoppage of
pipes by frost, and by means of which the cylinder may be supplied with water
when the supply pipe is frozen.
Our improved arrangement is especially useful for regulating the hot water
circulation for keeping the boiler in use when effecting repairs and in case the hot
water cylinder and circulating pipes get frozen as direct communication can be
made in a short circuit, between the boiler and hot water cylinder, and the hot
water cylinder when its cold water supply of water is cut off by frost, may be kept
supplied through the openings provided in the side of the hot water cylinder and
thus explosions and damage to the boiler may be prevented.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of February 1895.
Improvements in or applicable to Apparatus for Heating and
Circulating Water for Domestic and other Purposes.
We, JAMES SMITII and WILLIAM HENRY STANFIELD, of the Firm Smith
and Stanfield of 60 Mottram Road, Stalybridge, in the County of Chester,
Plumbers, Glaziers, Gas and Water Fitters &c. do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to an improved combination and arrangement of apparatus
for beating and circulating hot water for baths, lavatories and other domestic
uses, and also for warming purposes, by which improved apparatus hot water can
be taken directly from the boiler, the return hot water passing to the hot water
cylinder, or the hot water from the boiler may be taken wholly or in part directly
to the hot water cylinder.
The circulating pipes will have to be arranged according to the rooms or
buildings to be supplied with hot water, or to be warmed, but as an example we
will describe our improved apparatus as applied to a three storey building having
two rooms on the ground floor, and two rooms over those in the ground floor in each
storey above.
The cold water supply cistern is at the top corner of one of the top rooms
being kept supplied from the service pipe by a ball tap.
From the bottom of the cold water cistern there is a pipe extending to nearly
the bottom of the hot water cylinder (which may be in a corner on the ground
floor) this cold water pipe passes up the centre of the interior of the hot water
cylinder the long axis of which is vertical and ends below the top of the inside
of. the hot water cylinder in a cap perforated with holes to distribute the eold
water downwards.
From the top of the hot water cylinder there is a pipe which when the
pressure is excessive will discharge into the cold water cistern.
There is a branch pipe from the bottom of the hot water cylinder baving a
cock by which water may be drawn from it and by which the cylinder may be
emptied.
There is a pipe from the side near the bottom of the hot water cylinder passing
to the boiler (generally in the kitchen range) and the hot water pipe from the

page_text: boiler passes upwards for a short distance and then horizontally and then turns
upwards vertical. On this first part of the hot water pipe from the boiler there
is a branch having a weighted safety valve, and a cock to draw water from it and
for testing purposes.
There is a branch also of the hot water pipe from the boiler that passes
directly into the side of the hot water cylinder and this branch has a safety or
regulating valve, upon it, by which the water from the boiler may be made when
required to pass wholly or in part directly to the hot water cylinder.
The hot water pipe ascends to the highest room in the building and its upper
or open end may discharge into the cold water cistern if there is any obstruc-
tion to its return in its passage to the hot water cylinder.
The return pipe for hot water may commence at a branch bend, say at the top
floor and descend to the side of the hot water cylinder.
Hot water may be taken by branch pipes to a bowl or wash stand in each
room or to supply a bath, or by a branch from the hot water pipe from the
boiler it may be made to pass through coils or grids of pipes for warming purposes,
and return to the return hot water pipe, there being a cock in the branch to
regulate the supply to the warming apparatus.
There is a branch on the side of the hot water cylinder having openings
closed by plugs or caps to provide against excess of pressure in the case of stoppage
of pipes by frost, and by means of which the cylinder may be supplied with water
when the supply pipe is frozen.
Our improved arrangement is especially useful for regulating the hot water
circulation for keeping the boiler in use when effecting repairs and in case the
hot water cylinder and circulating pipes get frozen as direct communication can
be made in a short circuit, between the boiler and hot water cylinder, and the hot
water cylinder when its cold water supply of water is cut off by frost, may be
kept supplied through the openings provided in the side of the hot water cylinder
and thus explosions and damage to the boiler may be prevented.
Our improved combination and arrangement of hot water circulating and supply
apparatus is particularly applicable as a safety arrangement in frosty weather when
the cold water cistern and hot water cylinder pipes and boiler are liable to get
blocked by ice and will thus if used as arranged and intended, preveut kitchen
boiler explosions and damage and it has a further advantage that the boiler and
hot water cylinder can be kept in use when repairs are required in the service
pipes.
By our improved combination and arrangement (when in its normal state) hot
water can be supplied which passes directly from the boiler, so that heated water
when a fire is first lighted can be obtained almost immediately or much sooner
than by the common arrangement in which the hot water passes from the boiler
directly to the bot water cylinder, and then passes to the service pipe, as in such
cases if the water in the hot water cylinder is cold or cool to begin with, it takes a
considerable time to heat it up to the temperature desired in the service pipes by
such common arrangement of heating apparatus.
The accompanying figure illustrates the application of our invention to supply
rooms with hot water in a house of say three stories having say two rooms on each
Hoor one over the other.
The arrangement shown by this drawing is an example, as the pipes will vary in
arrangement according to the position of the rooms to be supplied, but it will show
how our invention may be applied in all cases.
The supply and circulating pipes are shown apart and the illustration may be
considered diagramatic, as in practice the outflow and return pipes for the heated
water may be close together side by side, but they are shown wide apart in order
that they may be more clearly understood.
a, may represent the kitchen, and b and c, rooms above the kitchen. a', a room
on the same floor as the kitchen, and 61 and c', rooms above a'. In rooms b and c,
there are supposed to be wash stands and d², to be supplied with hot water, and

page_text: there are supposed to be lavatories or wash basins and d', to be supplied with
heated water in rooms a', and e¹, and may also be one (not shown) in room bl.
Room b', is supposed to be a bath room having a bath, and in this room there
is supposed to be a grid of heating pipes, for warming the bath room by hot
water.
f, is the cold water supply cistern at the top of the house in room c, its water
supply from the main is regulated by an ordinary ball tap f1.
The cold water passes from the bottom of the cistern f, by a pipe f³, to a
junction with one side of the hot water cylinder g, near its bottom and then
ascends a vertical pipe f³, in the centre of the hot water cylinder g, to nearly its
top having a cap at its upper end which has small holes in its underside to
discharge the cold water downwards into the hot water cylinder.
From the top of the cylinder g, there is a vent pipe g₁, for air and steam which
ascends to and discharges into the cold water cistern f
From one side of the lower part of the cylinder g, there is a junction for a pipe h,
conveying water to the boiler, in the kitchen fire place, and there is another pipe k,
ascending from this boiler i, which forms the service pipe for heated water to all
parts of the house, this pipe k, supplies by branch pipes k', the wash stands d², d²,
and wash basins d³, d, and the bath .
It also serves by a pipe 1, the grid e, of heating pipes, such service being
regulated by a cock e, the water going through the pipes e, passing by a branch
pipe e, from one end of the grid of pipes e, to the return flow pipe 2.
In the room e, there is a pipe k³, which is a continuation of the hot water service
pipe k, which pipe 3, forms an air and steam vent pipe against excess of pressure
the outlet from this pipe 3, discharging into the cold water cistern.
The hot water service pipe, as shown in the drawing bends to return in
room, and this return flow pipe k, passes back as shown to a junction with the
side of the hot water cylinder y, a little above the junction for the pipe h, supplying
the boiler i.
On the outflow hot water pipe k, there is a vertical branch, as near to the
kitchen fire place as it can be got, upon which there is a scating for a safety valvel,
loaded by preference by weights suspended upon the spindle or top of the valve
such being commonly termed "dead weight safety valves."
On this branch pipe k, there is also a cock m. as a test cock and to draw water
from the service pipe k, as near as can be after leaving the boiler i.
There is a connecting pipe n, between the pipe k, from the boiler and a junction
on the side of the cylinder g, and in this pipe n, there is a cock or regulating
valve n'.
This cock n', is shut in the normal working of the apparatus or it is or may be at
such times more or less open if desired.
On the side of the hot water cylinder g, there is a junction for a casting p,
having an upward aud outward branch, the ends of which are each closed by a
screw plug. The inner ends of both branches communicate with the interior of
the cylinder.
The end of the upper branch pl, is made of funnel form so that water may be
readily poured into it to supply the cylinder when required.
There is a branch at the bottom of the cylinder g, having a cucky, by which
water may be drawn from the cylinder.
It will be obvious that from the arrangement of apparatus described, that water
may be obtained direct from the Loiler
In order to ascertain if the apparatus is clear and unobstructed in frosty
weather, shut the cork al, (it motel and open the cock m, in the pipe under
the safety valve before lighting the kitchen fire, then it water escapes freely from
this cock m, the boiler and pipes between it and the cylinder g, are clear and if
water can be drawn from the cocks supplying the wash stands and wash basins and
bath, or if water can be drawn from the wash stand d, in room, the circulating
pipes and 2, are clear.

page_text: If water cannot be drawn from the service pipes k, above the safety valve l,
then the cock n', between the pipe k, from the boiler i, and the cylinder g, is to
be opened and there will be a circulation of water between the boiler i, and
cylinder g.
If the supply of water is cut off by the frost from the cold water cistern f, then
remove the screw plugs from the branches p' and p², of the casting p, and the
apparatus is then safe, as there is then a free outlet from the cylinder g, and the
kitchen fire may be kept in and it will heat the water which will circulate between
the boiler i, and cylinder g, which may be supplied through the upper branch p',
having the funnel upon it.
In such cases of frosty weather when the cylinder g, is liable to be frozen, the
ball tapf, may be tied up to prevent water from entering the cold water cistern,
then the cock 7, at the bottom of the cylinder g, may be opened to draw water
from it, and then it may be shut when sufficient water has been withdrawn which
can be ascertained by removing the screw plugs in the branches p' and p², of the
casting p, and if the cylinder, is too empty water may be filled in at the funnel
end p, of the casting p, until it escapes from the screw plug p, at the other
branch of the casting p, and if left in this state the kitchen fire may be
used with safety, and the apparatus may be brought to its normal state in a few
minutes when clear of ice and all the pipes are open, and the water can circulate
freely.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination and arrangement of water heating apparatus substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement by which the water which in the normal
working of the apparatus passes directly from the boiler to the service pipes may
when required be made to pass directly from the boiler to the hot water cylinder
substantially as and for the purposes liereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
3. The combination with the hot water cylinder arranged substantially as
described and shown by the drawing of a casting or its equivalent having screw
plugs or taps for giving an outlet from the cylinder and supplying it with water
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawing.
Dated this Twenty-second day of October 1895.,
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.