AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF CLAY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Hill and Robert Tushingham, of Garston,
in the County of Lancaster, Brick Manufacturers and Copartners, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF CLAY FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS."
Sealed the 15th August 1865, and dated the 17th February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Hill and Robert
Tushingham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th February 1865.
We, RICHARD HILL and ROBERT TUSHINGHAM, of Garston, in the County of
Lancaster, Brick Manufacturers and Copartners, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR TREATMENT OF CLAY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS," to be as follows:-
We take clay at any of its stages of treatment in the ordinary way, but
preferably as it is dug from the pits or beds, and mix it with a small quantity
of black-ash waste or soap waste, and afterwards complete the "tempering"
and preparation for moulding as at present; or we moisten or mix clay to
the necessary degree before "tempering" with the liquor of black-ash waste
or soap waste, that is, water in which these substances or either of them
have been washed or soaked.

page_text: paring or treating clay as a
waste, which consisted of-
Carbonate of lime
Hydrate or quick lime
Oxi-sulphide of calcium
Sulphide of calcium
Bi-sulphide of calcium
Sulphate of lime
Oxide of iron
Silica
Charcoal (or coke)
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Hill and Robert Tushingham in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RICHARD
HILL and ROBERT TUSHINGHAM, of Garston, 'in the County of Lancaster,
Brick Manufacturers and Copartners, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Richard Hill and Robert Tushingham, Her special license that
we, the said Richard Hill and Robert Tushingham, our executors, adminis-
brators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Richard Hill and Robert
Tushingham, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION

page_text: OR TREATMENT OF CLAY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the. said Richard Hill and Robert Tushingham,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard Hill' and Robert Tushingham,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
We take clay at any of the stages of its preparation or treatment in the
ordinary way, but preferably as it is dug. from the pits or beds, and mix it
with a small quantity of black-ash waste or soap waste, and afterwards
complete the "tempering" and preparation for moulding in the manner
commonly practised; or we moisten or mix clay to the necessary degree
before tempering with the liquor of black-ash waste or soap water, that is,
water in which these substances or either of them have been washed or
soaked.
By preparing, treating, or mixing clay with two per cent. by measure of
black-ash waste, which consisted of―
Carbonate of lime -
Hydrate or quick lime
Oxi-sulphide of calcium
Sulphide of calcium
Bi-sulphide of calcium
Sulphate of lime
Oxide of iron
Silica
-
Charcoal (or coke)
-
-
-
16-57 per cent.
-
9.25 "
-
- 31.60
"
-
3.15
"
-
-
4.54
"
--
-
4.00
"
-
8.45
"
-
7.00
"
3.84
"

page_text: or treatment of clay, could be burnt in shorter time and that with a smaller
quantity of fuel. A like quantity of soap waste would give somewhat similar
advantages, but we prefer black-ash waste.
When the liquor of either black-ash waste or soap waste, or the liquor of
both mixed, is used, the clay should be prepared or treated with the liquor 5
from the time it is cast from the pits or beds, all through the process of
-"tempering" until the bricks are moulded, and no other water or liquid
should be used.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and particularized
practicable means by which the same may be carried into effect, we would 1
have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the employment of
any particular proportion or per-centage of the substances named; we
would also have it understood that we do not claim for the use of the said
materials or their liquors in the manufacture of fire-bricks; what we claim
is, preparing or treating common clay to be made into bricks by mixing it 1
with black-ash waste or soap waste, or the liquor of these substances.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard Hill and Robert Tushingham,
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
RICHARD HILL.
(L.S.)
ROBERT TUSHINGHAM. (L.S.)