IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS MADE FROM COAL, CANNEL. SHALE. and like MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cleland, of Linacre, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager of Gas Works, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS MADE FROM COAL,
CANNEL. SHALE. and like MATERIALS."
Sealed the 21st January 1876, and dated the 26th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cleland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th October 1875.
I, WILLIAM CLELAND, of Linacre, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager of Gas Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GAS MADE FROM COAL, CANNEL, SHALE, AND THE LIKE MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in or connected with such
condensers or purifiers as are described in the Specification of an
Invention for which I obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent, dated 28th
May 1870, No. 1560, and consists,―

page_text: First. In placing in the vertical pipes of such a condenser or purifier
when used as a primary condenser, what I call a "bottle brush" of
wood, iron, or other suitable material, having its radiating spines, arms,
obstructions, or openings so arranged that the liquors condensing or
falling on or through them shall fall from one to another, and so descend
to the bottom of the "bottle brush" with little risk of the brush being
clogged or choked by the deposit of solid matter from the gas, and so
that the gas may be more thoroughly broken up and brought more
intimately and for a longer time in contact with the gas.
from
Second. In directing on to the above bottle brush the liquors or any
desired part of the liquors produced during the passage of the gas
the retorts to the "brush.' I prefer to do this by placing over the brush
what I call a "drip ledge" or bottle piece, whereby the liquors
descending the interior surfaces of the condenser pipes are caught and
turned on to the brush. Sometimes another throttle piece is placed
below the brush for better regulating the supply and speed of gas and
liquor passing through each "brush" and pipe without the use of
valves as heretofore has been the practice with my primary condenser.
I prefer that neither "brush drip ledge" should be fastened
to the pipe, so that in the improbable event of stopping by napthaline
or otherwise they can be readily withdrawn, cleaned, and replaced.
"
"
nor
"
The effect of the above arrangement of parts is to develope still
further the self-purifying power of crudo gas and the "scrubbing
power of the apparatus; also to improve the quality of the gas and
reduce the need of subsequent "scrubbing" or washing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Cleland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLELAND, of Linacre, in the County of Lancaster, Manager of Gas 3
Works, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-

page_text: ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Cleland, Her special licence
that I, the said William Cleland, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Cleland, my executors,
5 administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS MADE FROM COAL, CANNEL,
SHALE, AND LIKE MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Cleland, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Cleland, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of illustrative Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in or connected with such
condensers or purifiers as are described in the Specification of an Inven-
tion for which I obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent, dated 28th of
May 1870, No. 1560, and consists,―
First. In placing in the vertical pipes of such a condenser or purifier
when used as a primary condenser what I call a "bottle brush" of
wood, iron, or other suitable material, having its radiating spines, arms,
obstructions, or openings so arranged that the liquors condensing or
falling on or through them shall fall from one to another, and so descend
to the bottom of the "bottle brush" with little risk of the brush being
clogged or choked by the deposit of solid matter from the gas, and so
that the gas may be more thoroughly broken up and brought more
intimately and for a longer time in contact with the gas liquor.

page_text: "
Second. In directing on to the above "bottle brush," the liquors or
any desired part of the liquors produced during the passage of the gas from
the retorts to the brush. I prefer to do this by placing over the brush
what I call a "drip ledge" or throttle piece," whereby the liquors
descending the interior surfaces of the condenser pipes are caught and
turned on to the brush. Sometimes another "throttle piece" is placed
below the brush for better regulating the supply and speed of gas and
liquor passing through each brush and pipe without the use of valves as
heretofore has been the practice with my primary condenser.
I prefer that neither brush nor "drip ledge" should be fastened to the
pipe, so that in the improbable event of stoppage by naphthaline or
otherwise they can be readily withdrawn, cleaned, and replaced.
The effect of the above arrangement of parts is to develope still
further the self-purifying power of crude gas and the scrubbing power
of the apparatus; also to improve the quality of the gas and reduce the
need of subsequcent scrubbing or washing.
The Sheet of Drawings herewith contains views of part of one vertical
pipe of a condenser or purifier under my Patent, No. 1560, of the year
1870, and in these views improvements under the above first and second
heads are delineated so far as one working modification is concerned.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a vertical section; and Figs. 3, 4,
and 5 are horizontal sections and views looking downwards respectively
at A, B, C, D, and E, F.
In all the views like letters denote the same parts.
a is the vertical pipe or column of a condenser here shown of cast iron;
it may be made of other suitable material; b shows a door provided (but
not as will be obvious indispensible) for affixing and adjusting the parts
hereafter mentioned; c is the appliance now known as the "bottle
brush" the modification here delineated is built up helically of
radiating flat pieces of timber (other suitable material may be used) in
such manner that the condensed tar, oil, naphtha, ammonia, and other
liquors are frequently interrupted in their descent and made to fall
from one piece to another.
The materials of which the said arms or obstructions are made, as well
as their forms, dispositions, and arrangements may be greatly varied
without departing from my Invention, which consists essentially under

page_text: the first part in introducing obstructions into vertical or nearly vertical
pipes of condensers in such manner that the passing gas is mixed and
kept in contact with the liquors condensed therefrom a longer time than
heretofore has been practicable.
At the bottom (or elsewhere) of the pipe a the bottle brush c is carried
by stout pieces of timber or other material d resting on the throttle
piece e, said throttle piece e being in its turn borne by the ledge f¹ of
the socket on the horizontal pipe or box f. The throttle picce e has
a small aperture e¹ therein to allow outflow of the gas and liquors,
and to facilitate the equal distribution of the gas through the several
pipes of the condenser.
It will be seen that the throttle piece e may be dispensed with, and
when that is done c may rest directly on the ledge f' or may be
suspended as by the ring 9, said ring 9 also serves for withdrawing the
bottle brush c should any unusual circumstance render it necessary to
remove it for cleaning. Cleaning of said bottle brush may however be
effected by admitting steam by itself or along with the gas, care being
taken not to raise the temperature to such. a point as to convert the
tar into pitch.
is the drip ledge under the second head of my Invention for
directing on to the bottle brush c the liquors produced during the
passage of the gas, said drip ledge which rests on pieces of timber or
other material placed on c, or it might be on c direct, is here delineated
as made in one piece, and arranged to be passed in from the top of the
pipe. It may however be made in two or more pieces and passed to
position through the door b.
It is desirable that open space should not be left around the outer
edge of the drip ledge, and between it and the internal surface of the
pipe. For that purpose a luting of suitable cement is usually applied.
When said bottle brush c, drip ledge h, and throttle piccc e are passed
into a pipe of a condenser or purifier from the top a flanged cap for
closing the top is provided.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and par-
ticularized the same in such manner that others will be enabled to carry
my improvements into effect, I claim,-
First. The bottle brush, so called, acting substantially in the manner
and for the purposes described.

page_text: Second. The drip ledge with or without the throttle piece in com-
bination with the bottle brush, all acting substantially in the manner
and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cleland, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the 5
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
W. CLELAND. (L.S.)