IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SURFACE CONDENSERS AND FEED WATER HEATERS, AND IN THE COMBINATION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MARINE PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: Sealed the 29th January 1861, and dated the 19th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Jack and David
Rollo at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th October 1860.
We, JAMES JACK and DAVID ROLLO, both of, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SURFACE CONDENSERS AND FEED WATER
HEATERS, AND IN THE COMBINATION OF CERTAIN PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES ESPECIALLY
ADAPTED FOR MARINE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of "Improvements in the Construction of Surface Conden-
sers" relates, firstly, to the addition of a series of divisional plates to an
ordinary tube or other surface arrangement, so that the cold water can be
forced or passed in a certain direction in one divisional section of the condensers,
and in the opposite direction in another section.

page_text: Secondly, to a surface condenser having flat surfaces as plates or sheets
placed borizontally or otherwise, so that both the steam to be condensed and
the water shall have a spiral or backwards and forwards direction given to
them.
And, thirdly, to a mode of fastening the tubes in a surface condenser, which
we accomplish by using an extra tube plate with apertures, the tubes being
tapered at the ends.
Our "improvements in the feed water heaters" patented by the above-
named James Jack on the 14th day of October 1859, No. 2345, consists of an
arrangement of tubes in a suitable casing, giving greater surface for the action
of the exhaust steam in raising the temperature of the water for supplying
the boilers, and of arranging or connecting the feed water heaters and the
surface condensers together, so that the feed water heaters can be used as part
of the surface condensers.
Our combination of certain parts of steam engines especially adapted
for marine purposes" consist of arrangements or distributions of the various
improvements secured by Patent No. 2345, of date 14th October 1859,
before referred to, and by Patent No. 1674, of date 11th July 1860, both in
the name of James Jack, in connection with the improvements herein-before
mentioned or with part or parts of any of the Inventions described. or men-
tioned, in connection with part or parts of any of the engines at present in use.
Where two compound or high and low pressure cylinder direct-acting vertical
engines are used, we prefer placing the feed water heaters betwixt the con-
densing cylinders on the top of the surface condenser, which latter is affixed
between the connecting rods, the pumps being worked in a line parallel to
the piston rod. Where two ordinary vertical direct-acting engines are used
we prefer placing the feed water heaters at the sides or back of the cylinders
and the surface condensers under the said cylinders, by which means the
pumps can be worked in a direct line with the piston rod. In horizontal
engines we prefer the compound arrangement of high and low pressure cylin-
ders; the feed water heater and surface condenser being placed alongside or
under small space is necessary, and this makes them suitable for ships of war.
Any of these distributions or arrangements can be used with engines at present
in use, such as placing the feed water heaters and surface condensers in the
place or position occupied by the ordinary condenser in side lever engines.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Jack and David Rollo in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
JACK and DAVID ROLLO, both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James Jack and David Rollo, Her special licence that we, the said James
Jack and David Rollo, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said James Jack and David Rollo, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SURFACE
CONDENSERS AND FEED WATER HEATERS, AND IN THE COMBINATION OF CERTAIN
PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MARINE PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Jack and David
Rollo, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Jack and David Rollo, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-
By the various improvements in the construction of surface condensers
and feed water heaters, and in the combination, arrangement, or distribution
of certain parts of steam engines," we produce a motive power machine less
liable to get out of repair, occupying less space, making the boilers more
durable and reducing the risk of explosion to a minimum, and which engines
can be more economically worked, especially as regards fuel, than those at
present in use.

page_text: As our Invention relates more particularly to marine engines we will
describe the various devices as adapted for use on board ship, although any or
every of the parts can be applied to stationary engines, or used on land, and in
all cases be operated by steam or other expansive vapour or fluid.
"
Our Invention of "improvements in the construction of surface condensers'
relates, firstly, to the addition of a series of divisional plates to an ordinary
tube or other surface arrangement, so that the cold water can be forced or
passed in a certain direction in one divisional section of the condenser and in
the opposite direction in another section.
Secondly, to a surface condenser having flat surfaces as plates or sheets 1
placed horizontally or otherwise, so that both the steam to be condensed and
the water shall have a spiral or backwards and forwards direction given to
them.
And, thirdly, to a mode of fastening the tubes in a surface condenser, which
we accomplish by using an extra tube plate with apertures, the tubes being
tapered at the ends or fitted with tapered packing.
To facilitate the description of our improvements we have illustrated the
same by Drawings, which may be considered as forming a part of this Speci-
fication.
In Sheet No. 1 of the Drawings part of Fig. 6 represents a section of a
surface condenser (shewn broken off') having horizontal tubes and divisional
circulation plates, the condensing water being outside and the steam inside the
tubes. a, the casing; b, the divisional plate; c, the tubes; d, the cold water
entrance. The cold water can be admitted and passed from one divisional
section to another by the plates being left a short distance from the tube plates
alternately at the opposite ends, or it may fall into a pocket and be passed
forwards or into the next compartment by a pump, as shewn by the arrows
in the Fig. above referred to. In Fig. 2 is shewn a vertical longitudinal section
of a surface condenser in position, the surface plates or sheets being placed
horizontally; Fig. 3, a vertical transverse section of the same; and Fig. 4, a
section of a similar arrangement with vertical surface plates or sheets. The
same letters of reference indicate like parts in these three views; e, the casing;
f, the surface plates or sheets; g, the steam entrance port; h, the steam
This construction
spaces; i, the condensed steam exit; 3, the water spaces.
of condenser may be made to give the steam either a spiral or backward and
forward, but in all cases a downward direction, the condensed steam being
drawn off and passed through Jack's Patent Feed Water Heater, or directly to
the boilers, the condensing water being circulated from any part by arranging
the pumps. We prefer casting the various parts in segments.

page_text: In Sheet of Drawings No. 5, Fig. 21 represents a section of tubes suitable
for use in a surface condenser with an extra tube plate and tapered packing
constructed according to our Invention; shews the tubes; 1, the inner tube
plate; m, the outer tube plate, which we prefer making of cast iron; n, the
tapered packing of wood or other suitable material. In some cases we dispense
with the tapered packing and secure a tight junction by tapering the ends of
the tubes and bevilling the apertures in one or both of the plates to fit the
same.
Our improvements in feed water heaters, the system of placing the same in
the exhaust passage between the cylinder and the condenser being secured to
the afore-named James Jack on the 14th day of October 1859, and numbered
2345, consists of an arrangement of tubes in a suitable casing giving greater
surface for the action of the exhaust steam, in raising the temperature of the
water for supplying the boilers, and of arranging or connecting the feed water
heaters and the surface condensers together, so that the said feed water heaters
can be used as part of the said surface condensers.
In Sheet No. 1 of the Drawings, Fig. 6 shews a vertical section of an im-
proved construction of feed water heater placed on the one side and above the
surface condenser herein-before described, and forming part of the Fig. just
referred to. In this arrangement the exhaust steam passes outside the tubes
in its passage to the condenser. o represents the casing; p, the tubes; 9, the
water entrance; r, the water exit; the steain exit is formed near the bottom
close to the condenser.
Fig. 5 represents a section of an improved construction of feed water
heater placed on the top of and forming a part of the surface condenser, the
water being in the tubes. The exhaust steam enters at s and passes, as shewn
by the arrows, amongst the tubes t to the condenser at u, from which it is
drawn off in the usual manner by a pump. The cold water enters this con-
struction of condenser at v, and circulates in the spaces w and tubes x, being
finally discharged at y.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 2, Fig. 7 represents a longitudinal section of a
feed water heater in position, and with direct communication to a surface con-
denser; Fig. 8, a plan of the same; and Fig. 10, a vertical section across
ship. In these views the same letters indicate the same parts. a¹ represents
the casing; b, the tubes arranged for the feed water inside the same; c', the
steam space; d, the feed water entrance; e¹, the feed water exit; f¹, the
exhaust steam entrance; g', the steam passage between the feed water heater
and surface condenser; h', the condenser casing; , the tubes shewn with

page_text: condensing water in the same; j', the steam spaces; K', the condensed steam
withdrawal port; P, the cold water supply port; m³, the cold water exit port.
Fig. 11 on the same Sheet of Drawings (No. 2,) represents a vertical section
of an auxiliary boiler with an improved feed water heater on the top of the
same; this boiler is necessary when fresh or distilled water only is used for
feeding the steam generators, and this supply is maintained by exhausting
steam from the auxiliary boiler into the condenser; n shews the boiler proper ;
o', the water space; p³, the steam space; q', the steam outlet; ¹, the steam
entrance into the feed water heater; s', a coiled tube through which the steam
passes on its way to the condenser; t, the steam outlet, which is joined by a
steam pipe u¹, necessary for carrying off the steam generated in the feed water;
v¹, the feed water entrance; w¹, the feed water exit; a, the furnace; y', the
chimney or flue.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 4, Fig. 16 represents a vertical section of two
constructions of feed water heaters placed alongside the cylinders, one arrange-
ment communicating directly, the other by a suitable pipe or connection to
the surface condensers, the said condensers being also shewn in section and
with tubes placed vertically and horizontally, the steam in both the feed water
heaters and condensers being outside the tubes. Fig. 17 represents a vertical
transverse section of an arrangement similar to Fig. 16, the difference being in
the steam spaces, which is on the outside of the tubes in the feed water heater
and inside in the surface condenser. The same or similar parts are indicated
in both views by the same letters. a², the casings; %, the tubes, shewn
shortened to facilitate cleaning; c, the feed water entrances; d, the feed
water exits; e², the exhaust steam entrances to the feed water heaters; f³, the
exhaust steam passages to the surface condensers; 92, the condensers' casings;
h2, the condensers' tubes.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 5, Fig. 18 contains sectional views of two
improved constructions of feed water heaters adapted for marine horizontal
engines, both of which are arranged in connection with surface condensers also
in vertical section, all of the parts being taken athwart ship. Fig. 20 shews
a transverse section of that arrangement in which the feed water heater rests
entirely on the top of the condenser. The same letters of reference indicate
similar parts. represents the casing; 7, the tubes arranged in short lengths
in a compact casing in the one, and in the other consisting of coiled or twisted
pipe placed inside the exhaust steam pipe; ², divisional plates for circulation;
le, the feed water entrances; m², the feed water exits; n², the exhaust steam
entrances to the feed water heaters; o³, the exhaust steam passages to the

page_text: surface condensers; p², the condensers' casings; 92, the condensers' tubes; r,
divisional plates for circulating the cold water; s2, the condensed steam exit;
t, the condensing water entrance; u³, the condensing water exit. Part of
Fig. 19 represents a plan view of a feed water heater with the cover removed,
and of a surface condenser in plan section, the arrangements being in every
respect similar to one of the systems just described and illustrated in Fig. 18.
By injecting a stream of cold water into the exhaust steam spaces in any of
our surface condensers and feed water heaters during the first few strokes of
the engine a ready start is secured. When the feed and condensing waters
are drawn respectively through the feed water heater and surface condenser,
we place between the said feed water heater and surface condenser and the
pumps a regulating valve or tap, so that the spaces are always full, and in like
manner when the feed and condensing waters are forced through the feed
water heaters and surface condensers, we place between the pumps and the sea
or source of supply, or between the pumps and feed water heaters and surface
condensers a regulating valve or tap. We use the air-pumps at present
in use and dispense with auxiliary engines and pumps.
Our "combination of certain parts of steam engines especially adapted
for marine purposes" consists of arrangements or distributions of the various
improvements secured by Patent No. 2345, of date the 14th day of October
1859 afere referred to, and by Patent No. 1674 of date the 11th July 1860,
both in the name of James Jack, in connection with the improvements herein-
before mentioned, and also in connection with part or parts of engines at
present in use. Where two compound or high and low pressure cylinder
direct acting vertical engines are used we prefer placing the feed water heater
betwixt the condensing cylinders on the top of the surface condenser, which latter
is affixed between the connecting rods, the pumps being worked in a line parallel
to the piston rod. Where two ordinary vertical direct-acting engines are used
we prefer placing the feed water heaters at the sides or back of the cylinders,
and the surface condenser under the said cylinders, by which means the pumps
can be worked in a direct line with the piston rod. In horizontal engines we
prefer the compound arrangement of high and low pressure cylinders, the
feed water heater and surface condenser being placed alongside or under small
space is necessary, and this makes them suitable for ships of war.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 1, Fig. 1 represents a plan view; and Fig. 2, a
longitudinal elevation of a pair of inverted cylinder direct-acting compound
arrangement of cylinders on "Jack's patent system," one engine being in
vertical section. A, the high-pressure cylinders; B, the condensing cylinders;

page_text: C, the pumps; the others being on the opposite side of those shewn do not
appear; D, the feed water heaters constructed according to the description
given in Jack's Specification No 2345 of 14th October 1859; E, the surface
condenser fitted between the connecting rods.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 2, Fig. 7 represents a sectional elevation of a
pair of ordinary inverted cylinder direct-acting engines; Fig. 8, a plan view; and
Fig. 9, an end elevation of the same. F shews the steam cylinders; G, the
pumps; the feed water heater H and surface condenser I are arranged
similarly to Fig. 1, Sheet No. 1, just described.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 3, Fig. 12 represents a pair of Jack's patent
compound inverted cylinder direct-acting engines, the one being in elevation,
the other in section; and Fig. 18, a transverse section of the same at Z, Z.
J shews the high-pressure cylinders; K, the condensing cylinders; L, the
pumps fixed between the surface condensers M; these condensers by being
placed under the cylinders receive the exhaust steam direct, as shewn by the
arrows in Fig. 13, at N.;- the cold water. in the condenser is received at no
passed through the tubes n", and finally discharded at n¹. Fig. 14 represents
a view of a pair of engines similar to Fig. 1. Sheet No. 1, the only difference
being in the condenser, which has circular tubes instead, of flat surfaces.
Fig. 15, a transverse section of the condenser; the parts are represented by
the same letters as in Fig. 1.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 4, Fig. 16 represents a longitudinal elevation of
a pair of ordinary inverted cylinder direct-acting engines, and Fig. 17, a
transverse section of a similar arrangement with "Jack's patent compound
cylinders." The same letters apply to both views. O shews the high-pressure
cylinder; P, the condensing cylinders; Q, the pumps, the ordinary air pump
being one; R, the feed water heaters placed alongside the cylinders; S, the
surface condensers placed under and parallel to the feed water heaters and
under and removed larboard or starboard wise from the cylinders.
In Sheet of Drawings No. 5, Fig. 18 represents a longitudinal section, and
Fig. 19, a plan view (one being in section) of a pair of "Jack's high and low
pressure cylinder" horizontal marine engines adapted for war ships. The same
letters indicate the same parts in both views. T represents the high-pressure
cylinders; U, the condensing cylinders; V, the pumps; W, the feed water
heaters placed on the top of the surface condenser X or in the exhaust
pipe Y.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and
the mode of carrying the same into practical use, we would have it distinctly

page_text: understood that we do not confine ourselves to any of the details or sizes laid
down, neither do we confine ourselves to using any of the described arrange-
ments with water or steam on one side of any of the tubes or surfaces in
condensers and feed water heaters, nor to the combinations or constructions of
engines herein described, as such may be variously modified without departing
from the principle or leading features in our improvements, but we claim as
our Invention, and which to the best of our knowledge and belief has not
been hitherto used within the realm,―
Firstly, the addition of divisional plates to ordinary tube or other surface-
condensing arrangement, as shewn in Fig. 6, Sheet No. 1, as and for the
purpose set forth.
Secondly, the construction of surface condensers with flat surfaces, as shewn
in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, Sheet No. 1, as and for the purpose set forth.
Thirdly, the application of an extra tube plate in connection with tapered
packing, or tapering the ends of the tubes, the tapered packing and plates being
illustrated in Fig. 21, Sheet No. 5, as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourthly, the various arrangements or constructions of feed water heaters,
shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, Sheet No. 1, Figs. 7, 8, and 10, Sheet No. 2, Figs. 16
and 17, Sheet No. 4, and Figs. 18, 19, and 20, Sheet No. 5, as means of
more effectually carrying into effect "Jack's feed water heating system
patented on the 19th October 1859, No. 2345.
Fifthly, placing a feed water heater on the top of an auxiliary boiler or
between the said auxiliary boiler and the surface condenser, when such auxiliary
boiler is used for generating steam to maintain a supply of fresh water for
feeding the boilers, as illustrated in Fig. 11, Sheet No. 2.
Sixthly, placing a regulating valve or tap between the condensing water
circulating pumps or feed pumps and the surface condenser or feed water
heater, and between the said circulating pumps and the sea or source of water
supply, as and for the purposes set forth.
Seventhly, the combination and arrangements of feed water heaters, surface
condensers and pumps in connection with the distribution of the various parts
forming the direct-acting engines, shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet No. 1;
Figs. 7, 8, and 9, Sheet No. 2; Fig. 14, Sheet No. 3; Figs. 16 and 17, Sheet
No. 4; and Figs. 18, 19, and 20, Sheet No. 5. as and for the purposes set
forth.
Eighthly, the combination and arrangement of surface condensers and
pumps in connection with the various parts completing the direct-acting
engines, shewn in Figs. 12 and 13, Sheet No. 3, as and for the purposes set
th

page_text: Ninthly, using the air pumps at present in use for drawing or forcing cold
water through surface condensers.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Jack and David Rollo, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirtieth day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
JAMES JACK.
(L.S.)
DAVID ROLLO. (L.S.)