IMPROVEMENTS IN "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF Tow OR OAKUM, AND FOR WINDING OFF, CARDING, AND SPINNING ALL KINDS OF FIBROUS FABRICS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Antoine Frédéric Maigron, of No. 46, Rue Grande
Marengo, in the City of Marseilles, in the Department of the
Bouches du Rhone, in the Empire of France, Mechanician, for the
Sealed the 16th December 1862, and dated the 21st June 1862..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Antoine Frédéric Maigron
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st June 1862.
I, ANTOINE FREDERIC MAIGRON, of No. 46, Rue Grande Marengo in
the City of Marseilles, in the Department of the Bouches du Rhone, in
the Empire of France, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF Tow OR OAKUM, AND FOR WINDING OFF, CARDING, AND
SPINNING ALL KINDS OF FIBROUS FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My improved machine or apparatus is composed of a winding off or
cutting machine, and of a carding and spinning machine. The first.
of these machines is composed of two fluted rollers, receiving and open:

page_text: ing the material, two toothed cylinders which agitate the material pre-
sented to them by the two first mentioned cylinders, two other plain
cylinders, one of which is covered with caoutchouc. (These cylinders
receive the material furnished by the toothed cylinders, and press it
equally over their entire surface), of two cylinders, carrying teeth like
those of a saw, which wind or cut off the material, and, lastly, of two
other cylinders furnished with brushes, which serve to clean the wind-
ing off or cutting cylinders. These cylinders are so arranged that they
may be brought closer together or further apart according to the effect
desired. Motion is transmitted by a fixed pulley on the shaft of the
toothed cylinder; toothed gearing at the other end of the same shaft
sets the winding or cutting off cylinders in motion; these transmit it
by a pinion and endless screw to the fluted cylinders, and to the
cylinders, one of which is covered with caoutchouc, Motion is given to
the cylinders, furnished with brushes by the gearing, of the winding-off
cylinders.
The second or carding machine, which receives the material from the
cylinders carrying the brushes, is composed of an endless metallic cloth,
carried by. two cylinders, one of which receives motion from an arrange-
ment of gearing (it is this cloth which receives the merchandise submitted
to the carding machine, to be afterwards spun or not); of two feeding
cylinders, one of which is furnished in its entire length with rings of
caoutchouc, by the aid of which the pressure on the material to be, carded
is exercised with gentleness.. The axles of the plain iron, cylinder, roll
in bearings resting on india-rubber springs, to assure a reaction with-
out shock; of a small collecting cylinder furnished with a metallic
brush; of a cylinder furnished with oblique points or teeth pressing in
its rotation, the material from the main cylinder, and delivering it to
the collecting cylinder above mentioned, which. restores.it to the large
cylinder; of a main drum or cylinder mounted on the driving shaft,
and furnished with straight teeth or points (this is the principal organ
of the carding machine); of a fly, cylinder, furnished with straight, and
elongated points or teeth; of a combing or doffing cylinder, receiving
the carded material; of a comb carrying roller, with teeth which throw
the material on to a receiver, from, which it escapes by an orifice on
the common tangent of the two small cylinders hereafter mentioned,
between which it is gently rolled or flatted into sliver for spinning; of
the receiver above mentioned; the two small cylinders, also above men-
tioned, one plain the other fluted, and which receive their motion, from

page_text: a pulley on the driving shaft; of cases or can roving frames receiving
the carded material and spinning it by rotation; of a crank, by which
the position of the cases or can roving frames is changed when filled (the
movement of the carriage is given by a pinion attached to the joint of
the crank, and commanding a rack fixed beneath the carriage of the
case or roving frame carrier).
This Invention consists in apparatus by which I regenerate old
cordage, cottons, woollens, and similar material, and is intended
specially for the manufacture of tow, oakum, and analogous material,
and to card and spin all materials capable of undergoing this transfor-
mation. To obtain these results place old cords, for example, on the
fluted cylinders, from thence they will be taken and tossed about by the
toothed rollers, the plain or even cylinders (one of which is covered with
caoutchouc) then receive, press, unite and transmit them to the wind-
ing or cutting off cylinders, which are freed from them by the cylinders
the brushes. This material is then thrown on the endless metallic cloth,
which carries it to the two feeding rollers. The main cylinder or drum
seizes it, and after being successively in contact with all the special
cylinders it is combed, passes under the small cylinders, and falls into
the cases or roving frames to be spun.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Antoine Frédéric Maigron in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTOINE
FREDERIC MAIGRON; of No. 46 Rue Grande Marengo, in the City of
Marseilles, in the Department of the Bouches du Rhone, in the Empire
of France, Mechanician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Antoine Frédéric Maigron, Her special licence,
that I, the said Antoine Frédéric Maigron, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Antoine Frédéric Maigron,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use;

page_text: exercise, and..vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN: MACHINERY OR APPARATUS. FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TOW OR
OAKUM, AND FOR WINDING OFF, CARDING, AND SPINNING ALL KINDS OF FIBROUS FABRICS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Autoine, Frédéric
Maigron, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Antoine Frédéric Maigron, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Sheets of Draw-
ings hereunto annexed, and forming part of this-my Specification, and
to the figures and letters of reference placed thereon:-
22
In Sheet 1 of the Drawings Figure 1 is an elevation of a combination
of my improved machinery, which I term a "regenerating loom," shew-
ing its general arrangement and section (through the line 1, 2,) of the
winding-off and cutting or raveling out machines on the right of the
"carder," and of the " 'spinner on its left. A, endless cloth, con-
ducted by two cylinders. a, a,. (one of which receives motion from the
play of the gearing) on which is placed the old cordage or-rope to be cut
or raveled out, and generally such materials as cannot from their nature
be presented to the carding apparatus of the regenerating loom; B, B',
cylinders fluted circularly, moved by the gearing b, b, and keeping in
order the cords or threads brought by the endless cloth; C, C', toothed
cylinders, cutting or raveling out the material furnished by the cylinders
B, B'; D, large cylinder, furnished with strong points, or teeth comb-
ing the cut or raveled out materials as they are furnished by the
cylinders B; B'; A' endless metal web or wire gauze, conducted by two
cylinders e, e¹, one of which receives motion from the play of gearing d.
This wire gauze receives the materials submitted to the " carder,"
whether to be afterwards spun or not. E, E', feeding cylinders, the
one E being provided throughout its entire length with rings of
caoutchouc by the aid of which the pressure upon the material to be
carded is exercised with gentleness. The axles or spindles of the plain
iron cylinder E¹. roll in bearings resting on springs of caoutchouc, to

page_text: ensure a reaction. without shocks.
The combination- inherent-to-the
working of these cylinders is an important point of my Invention. F,
small collecting or taking-up cylinder, provided with a metallic brush;
g, working cylinder furnished with oblique points, and which during its
rotation takes the material from the main cylinder and presents it to
the cylinder F, which returns it to the main cylinder. H, main
cylinder mounted on the driving shaft x, and furnished with straight
points, being the main organ of the carding apparatus; I, fly cylinder
furnished with long straight points or teeth; K, comb carrying roller
with dog or crotchet teeth; J, combing, cylinder receiving the carded
material. The comb stock roller K throws the material on to a receiver,
from which it escapes by an orifice placed on the tangent common to the
two small cylinders l, m, between which it is gently drawn and pressed,
and forms into slivers to be spun. y, receptacle; l, m, small cylinders,
one plain the other fluted, receiving motion from a pulley on the driving
shaft; n, n, can roving frames, receiving the carded materials and
spinning them by the rotation transmitted by the motion of the gearing,
regulated as shewn, Figure 3. o, crank, by the aid of which the posi-
tion of the can roving frames is changed when they are filled. The
carriage receives motion from a pinion attached to the crank joint, and
commanding a rack P¹ fixed under the carriage of the can roving frames.
S, pulley transmitting motion received from the carding apparatus by
the band T. Figure 2, plan of Figure 1 in its octagonal position;
Figure 3, elevation and section of that part of my regenerating loom
called the "spinner," and having for special object to spin by the rota-
tion of the can roving frames the roving or sliver received from the loom;
u, fixed shaft carrying on the right the driving pulley S, and on the left
two conical fixed cogs gearing one into the pinion V, the other into V¹,
after the change in the position of the can roving frames.
I will now, describe the machine for winding off, cutting, or raveling
out, detached. The winding-off machine, Figures 1 and 2, may be
replaced advantageously by that shewn, Figures 4, 5, and 6 (Sheet 2),
when this operation is to be effected separately, in which case the end-
less cloth A of the previous Figures is suppressed. The cylinders B, B',
circularly fluted are retained, and are indicated by the same letters in
these last Figures; they receive the materials direct and open them.
The cylinders c; c', are also retained with some modifications in their
construction; they serve to agitate the material. Two cylinders d, d',
are added; they are plain, and one of them carries an india-rubber casing.

page_text: This casing or envelope is intended to insure an equal pressure on all
parts of the materials. The large cylinder D is suppressed, and is
advantageously replaced by two cylinders D, D', having saw teeth.
These cylinders cut or ravel out the material. Two other cylinders, pro-
vided with brushes E, E', serve to clean the cutting or raveling out
cylinders, and throw off the materials. ready for carding. Motion is
communicated from the motor by a band to a pulley seated on the axle
of the toothed cylinder B'; the driving gear is at the other end, and gives
movement to the cutting cylinder D; this gives it to the cylinder with
brush E, and by the angular gearing H to the endless screw I, which
gives motion to the plain cylinder C and fluted cylinder A. All the
cylinders drive each other by gearing as shewn in the different Figures,
and I would here observe that with the exception of the cylinders with
brushes, the others may be brought closer or further apart, according
to the material used, or the result desired.
In Sheet 2, Figure 4 is an elevation; Figure 5, plan, and Figure 6 a
profile of my apparatus for making tow or oakum, or winding-off, cutting,
or raveling out all fibrous materials. A, A', fluted cylinders receiving
and opening the material; B, B', toothed cylinders, agitating the
material furnished by A, A'; C, C, plain cylinders, one of which carries
a casing of caoutchouc. These cylinders take the materials furnished
by B, B', and by means of the caoutchouc press them equally on their
entire surface, and then present them to the cylinders D, D¹; D, D¹,
cutting or raveling out cylinders with saw teeth; E, E', cylinders armed
with brushes, serving to clean and free the cutting cylinders; H, pinion;
I, endless screw; F, pulley, receiving motion from the motor by a band,
and mounted on the axle of the cylinder B; G, driving gear, giving motion
to the cylinder D, which communicates it to the cylinder with brush E
by a gearing, and by the pinion H to the endless screw I, which gives
it to the cylinder C and A. The arrangements of machinery or apparatus
above described are specially intended for the manufacture of tow or
oakum and analogous material, and to card and spin all material capa-
ble of passing through this transformation, and particularly old rope or
cordage, cottons, woollens, and similar materials; and I desire it to be
understood that I reserve the exclusive use of my improvements both
for the several applications above mentioned, and all other analogous
purposes. My process differs from all hitherto known, inasmuch as it
permits the winding-off, cutting, or raveling out, the carding and the
spinning of the fibrous or thready materials to be effected collectively,

page_text: and also to wind off and cut or ravel them out only, and that separately,
if desired. To obtain the results indicated in the first case, the arrange-
ment shewn, Figures 1, 2, and 3 (Sheet 1), must be used in the following
manner; Place old cordages, for instance, on the endless cloth A, and
the cylinders B, B', will take and furnish them by degrees to the cylin-
ders C, C', which cut or ravel them out; the cylinder D combs and
delivers the material on the wire gauze A¹³, which brings it again between
the two feeding cylinders. The main cylinder draws it, and after having
been successively in contact with all the special cylinders it is combed
and passes under the small cylinders l, m, falling afterwards into the
can roving frames to be spun.
In conclusion I would observe that I do not confine myself to the
precise details herein given and illustrated in the annexed Drawings,
as such may be modified without departure from my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Antoine Frédéric Maigron, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
A. F. MAIGRON. (L.S.)