Improvements in Type-writers.
Year: 1889

page_text: e decision of the Comptroller-General, of the 19th day of November 1892,
allowed, under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883, an Amendment
of this Specification.
Date of Application, 27th May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1890-Accepted, 12th Apr., 1890
Improvements in Type-writers.
I, JOHN GARDNER of 5 Cross Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Type-
writer Specialist do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to Type-writers and has for its object to simplify their
construction.
:
In a Type-writer constructed according to these Improvements, the letters figures
and other characters of which it is desired to obtain impressions are formed or secured
upon the periphery of a cylinder or segment of a cylinder which is mounted upon a
vertical shaft in such a manner that it is capable of vertical motion upon the shaft but
is compelled to rotate with the shaft. Upon this shaft there is also fixed a small ⚫
pinion into which gears a toothed rack or quadrant operated through a lever by the
type key stems. That part of the lever which is acted on by the key stems is diagonal,
or stepped, so that each type key being equally depressed, the lever will be depressed
for a different distance for each key. "Consequently also, the type cylinder will, be;
rotated through different angles on the depression of different keys. The characters
on the cylinder are arranged in such positions that on the depression of a given type,
key the corresponding letter or character will come into the printing position. To
secure the accurate position of the character for printing, a light rod or finger is fixed
to the lower end of the cylinder shaft and moves therewith.. The lower ends of the
key stems when depressed, pass across the path of this rod so that when the key is.
depressed the rod moves until it comes into contact with the key stem by which it is
stopped just as the corresponding character on the cylinder comes into the position for
being printed.
It is preferred to arrange the types and characters on the cylinders in two or more
fields one below the other so that it becomes necessary to lift or lower the cylinder on
its shaft when certain characters have to be printed. This is accomplished by means
of a vertical lifter operated by lifter keys. Each field of characters is arranged in two
horizontal rows.
Usually, the characters are arranged in three fields of two rows each. Normally,
the upper row of the upper field is in line for printing, but a shift key on being
depressed brings the second row of characters into line. The shift key operates in
each field and is so arranged or has such an attachment that upon the contact of the
finger with the further or the nearer side of any of the type keys, the finger will also
depress the shift key, but if the finger is caused to touch the opposite side of the type
key, the shift key will not be depressed. When the type key alone is depressed a
character in the upper row of that field which is in use will be printed; when the type
key and the shift key are both depressed by the finger, a character in the lower row of
the field will be printed. By this arrangement, it is possible with three fields of
characters, to print six separate characters with each type key.
The prirting characters are by preference inked by means of an inking pad or brush

page_text: so placed that the characters come in contact with it during the angular movements
of the cylinder. An inking ribbon may however be used if preferred.
A shield having a hole large enough to allow the paper to be brought into contact
with one character only, is placed before the type cylinder.
A paper carriage, sliding and obtaining its motion in the usual manner is placed
at the back of the type cylinder. Upon the paper carriage there is mounted a roller
having a guide or guides to press the paper against the roller which, when turned by
hand, coils the paper round it.
The depression of any type key releases a trigger which liberates a spring operating
the impression hammer which forces the paper against the character on the type
cylinder.
Spacing dogs constructed in the usual or other convenient manner, are secure: to
the fulcrum or spindle of the impression hammer, and these, gearing with the teeth
of a rack fixed upon the paper carriage, allow the paper to be fed forward after a
character has been printed.
Dated this 23rd day of Mov A D 1900.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Type-writers.
I, JOHN GARDNER, of Howarth's Buildings, Cross Street Manchester in the County
of Lancaster, Type-writer Specialist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to type-writers and has for its object to simplify the con-
struction and to reduce the cost of such machines.
In a type-writer constructed according to these Improvements the letters, figures
and other characters of which it is desired to obtain impressions when operating the
type-writer, are arranged and formed or secured upon the periphery or surface of a
cylinder or segment of a cylinder which is mounted upon a vertical shaft in such a
manner that it is capable of vertical motion on the shaft but is compelled to rotate with
the shaft. Upon this shaft there is also fixed a pinion which gears into a corresponding
toothed rack or quadrant operated through a lever by the type key stems. That part
of the lever which is acted upon by the type key stems is diagonal, stepped or other-
wise similarly formed, so that each type key being equally depressed, the lever will be
depressed through a different distance by the action of each different key. Consequently
also, the type cylinder will be rotated through different angles on the depression of
different keys and each key will, upon being depressed bring the spot accorded to that
key on the printing surface into a definite position which is the printing point. To
more effectually secure the steady and accurate position of each letter or character for
printing, a light rod or finger is secured to the lower end of the cylinder shaft and
moves therewith. When the operating keys are depressed, the lower ends of the key
stems or projections therefrom pass across the path of the light rod or finger so that
when the key is depressed the rod moves in a circular are until it comes into contact
with the key stem by which it is stopped just as the corresponding character on the
cylinder comes into the position to be printed.
When the machine is constructed to print more than one set of characters, as for
example, the three sets consisting of capital letters, small letters and numerals and
points, each set of characters is arranged in two lines and these two lines constitute
one "field."
In the example given therefore there would be three fields of characters
one below the other and it becomes necessary to bring first, the desired field, and
second the desired line of that field into the printing plane.
Normally the upper line of the field of characters is in the printing plane and this

page_text: upper line will be printed without any other operation than depressing the proper
type key. When it is required to print a character which is in the second line of
the field, a shift key is depressed simultaneously with the type key. The action of
the shift key is to lift the type cylinder or segment so far as to make the second line
come into the printing plane which the first line previously occupied. The second or
the third field may be brought into the printing plane by means of a lifter which
lifts the type cylinder vertically along its spindle, so that in the second and third fields,
the upper line will be printed on depressing a type key alone, and the second
line by simultaneously operating the type key and the shift key as described for.
the first field.
By means of this arrangement it is possible to print with three fields of characters,
six separate characters with each type key.
The characters are by preference inked by means of an inking pad or brush so
placed that the characters come in contact with it and are thereby inked during
the angular motion of the type cylinder. An inking ribbon may however be used
if preferred.
A shield having a hole therein just large enough to allow the paper to be
brought into contact (by the blow of the impression haminer) with one character
only, is placed in front of the type cylinder so that its hole is at the printing
point.
A paper carriage sliding and obtaining its motion in the usual or in any convenient
manner is placed at the back of the type cylinder. Upon this paper carriage there
is mounted a roller having a guide or guides to press the paper into contact with
the roller. The paper is coiled upon the roller for printing.
The depression of the type key releases a trigger which liberates a spring
operating the impression hammer by means of which the impression is made on
the paper.
Spacing dogs constructed as hereinafter described or in the usual or other con-
venient manner are geared with a rack fixed upon the paper carriage to allow the
paper to be fed forward longitudinally after each impression.
I will more particularly describe my invention with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a perspective view;
Figs. 2 and 3 are elevations of alternative forms of the type cylinder ;
Fig. 4 an elevation of the inking pad or brush;
Fig. 4 an elevation of an alternative form of the hammer mechanisın;
Fig. 5 an elevation of the operating key board;
Fig. 6 a plan of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 a partial longitudinal section of the machine showing a different arrange-
ment of the shift key from that represented in Figs. 5 and 6 ;
Fig. 8 a plan of the devices for rotating and locking the type cylinder ;
Fig. 9 is a transverse section of Fig. 10;
Fig. 10 is a partial plan shewing the impression hammer and
Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are details.
In each of the Figures similar parts where they are represented are indicated by
similar letters of reference.
A A are the type keys the stems of which are preferably non-circular in cross
section and pass through holes having corresponding shapes in the plates B C. Each
of the key stems has a limb or extension D. which also passes through the plate C,
and a projection E which comes in contact with the lever F. when the keys are
depressed. The lever F is preferably somewhat U shaped in plan and its upper
surface or the part with which the projections E make contact is inclined or stepped
so that it is normally nearer to those projections E E at one end of the key board
than to those at the other end. If therefore the type keys be depressed to an equal
extent in action, the lever F. will be depressed to a different extent for each key.
Below the lever F there may be mounted a pin or friction bowl G. on the arm Gl
connected to the spindle G³ upon the other end of which there is mounted the

page_text: segment of a toothed wheel H. gearing into the pinion (or segment of a pinion) H¹
secured to the type cylinder or segment I. From this construction and arrangement
it will be evident that for the depression of each type key the type cylinder will be
brought into a different angular position and that a character corresponding to that
on the depressed type key will be brought to the printing point.
The type cylinder or segment is preferred to be constructed as represented in
Fig. 2. where the pinion by means of which it is rotated is cut in the material of
which the cylinder or segment is made. The teeth of the pinion are of such a width
and length as to ensure the segment wheel H' being in gear therewith in any vertical
position of the type cylinder. The return of the type cylinder to its normal position
is secured by the action of a spring which may be connected by a cord J. to the
small grooved pulley J1 (Fig. 2). If it is preferred to make the type carrier
cylindrical, an arrangement similar to that indicated in Fig. 3. may be adopted. In
this case the cylinder is rotated by the quadrant H gearing with H' which is fast on
the type cylinder shaft. This quadrant may have the required motion imparted
to it by means of the small bevil wheels shewn in the figure, one of which is on
the end of the vertical quadrant shaft and the other on the end of the shaft G2.
or it may be rotated by means of a suitable-pinion on the quadrant shaft-gearing
with the quadrant H.
It will be understood that there are four characters engraved on each key as repre-
sented in Fig. 6 when three fields of type are used. These four characters represent
six characters on the type cylinder. Thus taking the key to the extreme left, the
characters engraved on the key are:-S "T 7. The corresponding characters on
the extreme left right of the type cylinder are t s TS 7" the small and large letters
on the type cylinder being represented on the key by the large letter only. The t
is in the first row and the s in the second row of the first field; the T is in the
first row and the S in the second row of the second field and the 7 is in the first
row and the "in the second row of the third field, all these characters being on a
vertical line.
Both the limbs of the key stems pass through the plate C; of these, the vertical
limb simply acts as a guide. The inner limb D of each of the stems of the type
keys, presses upon the quadrant K formed on the end of the lever K' so that the
depression of any of the type keys compels the depression also of the lever K'
(Figs. 4° 9 10 &c.). This lever operates the impression hammer and the paper feed
motion.
It is fulcrumed on the spindle L which has formed upon its farther end the pro-
jection M bearing upon a lever N on the underside of which are the two dogs 0'0',
of these two dogs (which are more fully shown in Figs. 11 and 12) O is fast with
the lever and O¹ is carried on a sliding plate. When the machine is not being
operated, both dogs are vertically one under the other and O' is in engagement with
one of the teeth of the escape wheel P. So soon however as one of the type keys is
depressed, the projection M pushes down the lever N (dotted lines Fig. 11) and thus
pushes the dog 01 out of engagement with the tooth of the wheel P and at the same
time brings the dog O into engagement with the same tooth. When the dog O' is
thus freed it is pulled backwards by the spring N¹ in the position indicated by dotted
lines Figs. 9 and 12 where it is in a position to engage with the following tooth
of P.
As soon as the type key is released, the dog O rises out of engagement with the
teeth of P. and the wheel is rotated by an internal spring until the next tooth catches
the dog O¹ which is forced under the dog O or into the first position. Thus for every
depression of a type key, the wheel P rotates through the space occupied by one tooth.
The motion of P is communicated to the paper carriage by a pinion which
engages with a rack secured to the paper carriage, as in other machines of similar
construction.
On the lever K¹ there is a pin or projection K2 which comes in contact with a
and depresses the lever S which carries a trigger S¹ engaging with a dog T on
the impression hammer lever U (Figs. 9, 10, 13, and 14). The lever S is pressed

page_text: into contact with the pin or projection on the lever K¹ by a light spring. On the
hammer shaft there is a second dog or projection V which engages with the teeth
of the escape wheel P. When the machine is at rest, the dog T (represented as broken
off for the sake of clearness in Fig. 13) is held by the trigger on the lever S so that
the dog or projection V is out of contact with the teeth of the wheel P. On the.
depression of one of the type keys, the trigger is released and the hammer is pulled.
by the spring W so as to make the impression. By this motion the second dog or.
projection on the hammer lever is brought into contact with one of the teeth of the
wheel P. which being instantly released and permitted to feed forward one tooth by
the spacing dogs 001, carries the hammer lever by means of the dog V back to the
first position and thus sets the hammer for the following stroke. It will be understood.
that the spring W is only strong enough to make the blow and not strong enough to
resist the action of the coiled spring in the wheel P.
The hammer or ram is shaped so as to clear the paper carriage, and it is faced
with a comparatively soft material such as indiarubber or cork. It is connected
to the rocking bar X which is cranked as shown in Fig. 10 to clear the framing
and the rack pinion. To this bar there is also connected the release key Y.
When it is desired to feed the paper carriage back by hand, the release key is
pressed forwards whereupon the hammer lever comes into contact with the spring Z.
(which holds the lever N up with the spacing dogs in gear with the teeth of the
wheel P.) and pressing it downwards, permits the dogs to come out of gear and
leaves the escape wheel and consequently also the rack pinion free to rotate with the
motion of the carriage.
Instead of constructing and operating the impression hammer as herein before
described, the construction represented in Fig. 4ª or that shewn in Figs. 15 and 16
may be employed. In Fig. 4 U is the hammer or ram working in bearings in
the bracket 21. On the ram spindle there is a coiled spring 25 which forces the
ram forward when liberated to make the impression. In front of the coiled spring
there is a ring or projection on the ram with which the tip of an arm 22 of the
lever K normally engages. On the ram spindle there is also a projection engaged
by the trigger 24 which is held in contact with the projection by the light spiral
spring connected to the bracket. The tip of the arm 22 carries a pin which, on the
depression of the lever K¹ comes into contact with the trigger 24 and liberates it.
The ram being then free is forced forward by the spring 25 and makes the impression.
The ram is reset by the tip of the arm 22 being again brought into contact with its
projection on the release of the lever K¹ by means of the spring 23 which is of greater
strength than the spring 25 and restores the ram to its first position. In the arrange-
ment represented in Figs. 15 and 16 the shaft L upon which the lever K' is fulcrumed
carries an arm 22 the upper end of which is normally in contact with the vertical limb
of the trigger 24. The end of the horizontal arm of this trigger engages with the
ring or projection of the ram U just in front of the spiral spring 25 so as to
normally hold the ram in the position shown in full lines. When therefore the
lever K is depressed, the trigger is moved into the position indicated in dotted
lines Fig. 15 and the ram is released to make the impression. The resetting.
lever 26 is pivoted on a stud below which the link 27 is connected to it. This link
is also connected with the dog 28 which engages with the teeth of the wheel P.
After an impression has been made the wheel P rotates as hereinbefore described
through the space of one tooth and in doing so carries forward the dog into the
position shewn in full lines in Fig. 16. The motion of the dog is communicated
through the link 27 to the arm or resetting lever 26 which thereby restores the
ram to its normal or first position.
The arrangement of the feeding dogs O and ()' is slightly different to that
shewn in Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12. The dog O is fixed to the shaft L and the
dog O is pivoted just below so as to be capable of moving into the position
indicated by the dotted lines. Normally the dog O¹ is in the position shewn by
the dotted line and it may be provided with a curved slot to limit this motion
by a pin passing through the slot and fixed in the dog O. The light spring 29

page_text: is employed to restore the dog 01, to its former position after the feed has taken
place. The action of the dogs in connection with the wheel P is precisely the
same as bereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12. The
release key Y is fixed upon the shaft L so that by depressing this key the
dogs 0 0 are removed entirely out of engagement with the wheel P. The dog 28
is at the same time moved out of contact with the teeth of the wheel l' by means
of the lever 30 fulcrumed on the shaft L and having its end formed to an eccen-
tric curve so that the downward motion of the lever 30 pushes the dog 28 out of
gear and into the position shewn in full lines Fig. 16. When the dogs are out of
with the teeth of the wheel the paper carriage may be freely moved into any desired
position.
gear
All the second limbs or extensions of the type key stems pass through the plate C
in the arc of a circle as shewn in Fig. 8. This arc is swept through immediately
below the plate (and the bottoms of the limbs D by a finger 1 fix upon the type
cylinder spindle. When a type key is depressed the finger is moved through the arc
until it comes into contact with the depressed limb or stem D where and by which it
is stopped. This arrangement ensures the absolute precision of position of the type
cylinder for printing the required character. As represented in dotted lines in the
figure, the finger 1 has moved into contact with the end key stem and the type
cylinder has moved so as to present one of the characters in the outside vertical row,
and the hammer head has moved forward to make the blow which causes the
impression.
The shift key 4 by means of which the second row of characters in any field is brought
into the printing plane may be constructed as shewn in Figs. 1, 5, and 7, or as shewn
in Figs. 5 and 7 only. The simpler construction is that represented in Fig. 1, also in
Figs. 5 and 7. Taking one field of characters only, the AEIOUYTHRNDWB
are in the upper row on the type cylinder and the characters JQPKXZSGVMFLC
are in the lower row. Of course any other convenient arrangement of the letters may
be adopted. When it is desired to print the A E D W or any letter in the upper row,
the type key is simply struck or depressed. When it is desired to print the JX G or
any letter in the second row, the shift key is depressed simultaneously with the type
key this may easily be done by using the thumb (or another finger) to depress the
shift key while the type key is being struck. If it is desired to construct the machine
in such a manner that a single stroke with one finger will print a character in either
the upper or the lower row of the field, I arrange a lever 2 below the type keys on
which projections 18 are formed in such positions and of such a form that they will
enter holes or slots in the keys or similarly approach them (Figs. 5 and 6). The
lever is connected by a rigid light rod 3 with the shift key 4 so that when the
lever 2 is depressed sufficiently the shift key also will be operated. With this
arrangement, when it is desired to print the S JQ V or any letter in the second row
of the type field, the finger is struck on that part of the key in which the hole or slot
is formed or so that the end of the finger comes into contact with the corresponding
projection 18 on the lever 2 and depresses that lever with the type key and also
consequently depresses the shift key.
As the shift key operates through the lifting motion I will describe them together,
with reference to Figs., 6, and 7.
A bell crank lever 5 pivoted at 6 has its rounded back end under the type
cylinder so that when this part of the lever is raised the type cylinder will be
lifted also. The front upper end of the lever has three notches cut therein or as
many notches as there are fields of type. On an extension 7 of the lever, pro-
jections corresponding to the notches are formed and above these is a detent
normally pressed into engagement with one of the projections so as to lock the
lever in any one position. On the front part of the lever 5 there is fixed a light
handle 9 by means of which the lever may be moved (backward and) forward.
The upper part of each of the notches is formed to an inclined plane as at 10 Fig. 7.
On the stem of the shift key there is formed or secured a pin 11 which normally is at
the summit of one of the inclined planes. On depressing the shift key the pin 11 will

page_text: come into contact with the inclined plane and travelling down it, will move the lever 5.
through a small angle which just suffices to lift the type cylinder through the distance
between the rows of characters of the type cylinder and consequently brings the second
row of the field into the printing plane. When the upper field is required for printing
the lever 5 is in the position represented in full lines in Fig. 7, when the second field
is required the lever is pulled forward by the handle until the second inclined plane is.
under the pin 11; and when the third or lower field is required, the lever is drawn.
forward until the third notch is under the pin 11 or in the position occupied in the
dotted lines in the Figure. In the second and third positions the lever is locked by
the detent 8 and in either of the positions one of the inclined planes will be presented.
to the pin 11, a slight touch of the finger on the detent 8 will release the lever when the
weight of the type cylinder reinforced by a spring 19 will at once restore it to the first.
position.
The type key and the shift key stems are provided with light coiled springs to
restore them to their original positions after they have been operated.
The paper roller is provide.l with clips or paper guides, an it is also provided with
a strip of metal or vulcanite or similar material 14 in front of the roller which acts as
a guide. This strip is preferably caused to approach closely to the paper roller at the
point where the paper enters as shewn in Fig. 4ª.
In using the machine the paper is entirely wound upon the roller which is rotated
by the handle 12. The top edge of the paper having been brought into alignment with
the top edge of the guide 14, the roller is turned so as to unwind the paper until it is.
in the correct position for printing. There may be a ratchet wheel 15 and a detent 16,
the ratchet wlieel being mounted on the paper cylinder shaft. In spacing between.
the lines the operator will turn the handle, when the detent will make a number of
audible clicks and if the operator makes the same number of clicks each time, the
spacing between the lines will be equal.
grooves.
The inking pad or brush 17 is mounted on a strip of metal 20 which fits into,
in the plates B (so that it may be readily removed to be recharged or cleaned.
The printing characters are continuously inked by their to and fro motion in contact
with the inking pad or brush 17.
I am aware that the requisite angular movements of the type wheel segment or cylinder.
in a type-writing machine have been obtained by the co-operation of key levers and a.
vibrating frame or lever, constructed and relatively arranged in such a manner that the
key levers commence to move at different distances from those parts of the vibrating frame
upon which they are relatively destined to act, or strike the lever at different distances from
the fulcrum. I am also aware that in such machines a stop motion consisting of a finger
moving with the type wheel and stops lifted into the path of the stop finger by means of
the key levers, has been employed. I desire it to be understood therefore, that I do not
make any claim to these constructions or arrangements or combinations, and that in
the machines made according to my invention I make use of key stems or the limbs
of key stems and not of key levers, and that my stops are described as forming parts:
of the key stems so that they consequently move therewith. It is only to such machines
that my claims relate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) A type writing machine constructed arranged and operating substantially as.
herein before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
(2) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described the construction
combination and arrangement with the pinion of the type cylinder of a toothed
segment, a rocking shaft carrying the toothed segment, and a diagonal or stepped
lever operated by the type keys, substantially as herein before described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
(3) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the construction
combination and arrangement of a pinion on the type cylinder shaft, a toothed.

page_text: quadrant gearing therewith, a lever carrying the toothed quadrant and a diagonal
or stepped lever operated by all the keys and operating the toothed quadrant lever,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
(4) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the construction
and arrangement of the diagonal or stepped lever operated by different type keys
at different points, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
(5) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described the construction
and arrangement of an angular notched lifting lever and its combination with a
detent or locking device, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
(6) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described; the construction
and arrangement of a lifting lever having an inclined plane or inclined planes
thereon and the combination therewith of a shift key, substantially as and for
purpose hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
(7) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, a shift key adapted
to operate a lifting lever so as to move the type cylinder vertically and to bring
the second row of characters in any field into the printing position, the shift key
being situated in such a position that it may be struck simultaneously with the
type key for printing characters in the second row of a type field substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(8) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the combination
with a shift key constructed arranged and operating as set forth in the preceding
claiming clause of a secondary lever having projections thereon one of such
projections being arranged so that it may or may not be depressed with the
depression of each type key substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
(9) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described the construction and
arrangement of the type key stems in such a manner that all the type key stems
or limbs of all the type key stems pass through holes in a guide plate in such a
manner that any such limb or stem when depressed will be in the path of a finger
or detent, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
(1) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described the combination
with the type key stems or the limbs of the type key stems of a finger or stop
secured on the type wheel shaft and arranged to sweep along and below the stems
or limbs with the motion of the type cylinder so as to be stopped by any depressed
stem or limb, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and as
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(11) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described the combination
with the impression hammer, of a trigger for releasing the hammer, a spring to
cause the blow and a dog engaging with the teeth of the escape wheel the motion of
which resets the hammer, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by
the accompanying drawings.
(12) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the combination
with the impression hammer or ram, of a trigger for releasing the ram, a spring to
cause the blow, an arm on the lever K₁ to release the trigger and reset the hammer,
and a re-setting spring, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by
the accompanying drawings.
(13) In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the combination
with the impression ram of a trigger for releasing the ram, a spring to cause the blow,
a re-setting lever, a dog engaging with the feed wheel and connected to the re-setting
lever, and a lever for liberating the trigger, substantially as herein before described
and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
(14) In a type writing machine such as is herein before described, the combination
and arrangement with a lever depressed by the type keys, of a shait upon which the

page_text: lever is fulcrumed, a fast and loose dog carried on the shaft and gearing with the feed
wheel, and a release key fixed upon the shaft, substantially as hereinbefore described
and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
(16) In a type writing machine the combination with the paper roller of the clips
and guide 14 for ensuring the rolling of the paper upon the roller, substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 26th day of February 1890.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.