Year: 1889

page_text: I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates generally to means for developing motive power from
alternating electric currents.
The said invention consists of improvements more particularly in that class of
alternating current motors in which the armature is wound with a coil or coils short
circuited or connected into a closed local circuit, and is placed within the inductive
action of a field inagnet whose poles are made first north and then south by the
effect of alternating currents derived from any source. In this general class of
notors the reaction set up between the induced currents in the armature (which
currents have a lag or retardation owing to their self induction) and the field
produces continuous rotation by repulsive action. The communicator has discovered
however that when the armature coils are kept on continually closed circuit, and a
single set of energizing coils ouly is employed, supplied by a single alternating
current, that effective rotation may nevertheless be produced if the armature be
brought up to a certain speed.
Briefly the said invention consists in the combination of a set of energizing coils
supplied with an alternating current of substantially the same phase in all the coils,
and a set of coils inductively related to the first and kept in continually closed,
preferably, uncommuted circuit while the motor is running, one or the other or both
sets or system of coils being movable as in ordinary electric motors.
By uncommuted circuit, I mean that the two ends of the coil or coils are
respectively always connected to the same ends or poles of the conducting path over
which their circuit is closed, thus dispensing with the use of a pole changing
commutator by which the portion of the coils in the circuit is constantly reversed.

page_text: The closed circuit is one independent of that over which the inducing current
flows, and is in effect a short or local circuit the currents of which are the induced
currents set up by the field magnet.
The one set of coils supplied with alternating currents are properly wound or
applied to produce poles alternately north and south in a circular field, and the other
set of coils forming the seat of induced currents produced by the first are likewise
wound or connected so as to be capable of developing a series of poles alternately
north and south and preferably of the same number as those of the first named set.
Convenience demands that the closed circuit system of coils should ordinarily be
the movable set and sustain to the other, arranged as a fixed set, the mechanical
relation of the movable armature of the usual electric motor. By adopting this plan
the use of collecting rings or commutating devices may be entirely avoided.
The said invention consists further in regulating an alternating current motor
having a locally closed circuit armature forming the seat of induced currents
developed by an alternating field by varying the resistance in such locally closed
circuit to the passage of the alternating induced currents.
The invention consists also in certain improvements in the general structure of the
motor, and in other features which will be hereinafter particularly described.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figures 1 and 2, are respectively an end and a side elevation of an alternating
current motor supplied with a single set of alternating currents and baving a
constantly closed armature, circuit closed on a local or separate circuit from that
supplying the field magnet.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, illustrate modifications in the disposition of the coils
and poles of the machine.
Figures 9 and 10, show in side and end elevation respectively a mechanism that
may be used for giving initial rotation to the motor.
Figure 11 illustrates a modification which permits electrical actions in the motor
itself to be utilized in starting the motor.
Figure 12 shows in side elevation another form of mechanism to be used. for
starting.
Figure 13 shows in side elevation an automatic mechanism for starting the motor
under one condition of its armature circuits, and changing it to its normal or running
condition when it has acquired a predetermined speed.
Figure 14 is an end elevation of a modified form of motor.
Figure 15, is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 16 illustrates a detail in the construction of the same.
Figure 17, is a diagram of the circuits of the armature of the machine figures 14
and 15.
Figure 18 is an end elevation of one form of mechanism which may be used to
automatically control the resistance in the circuit of the armature coils."
Figure 19, is a diagram of circuits of the armature and connections.
Figure 20 illustrates another form of mechanism for varying the speed of the
arinature.
Figures 21 and 22, illustrate other modifications in the means for governing or
regulating the motor.
In Figures 1 and 2, B is a base supporting the stationary part F, F, which is an
iron ring with projections extending a short distance inward as shown. The ring is
made up of short iron pieces punched to shape and piled up to the desired depth.
The armature core has an equal number of projections which run during revolution
quite near to those on the ring F, F. The armature core is made of laminated iron
or sheet punchings strung on or supported firmly by the shaft in any suitable way.
In fact the same iron.pieces which are punched out of the centre of F, F, may be
used for the armature cores of the motor. The spaces between the projections on the
ring cores F, F, are wound with insulated copper wire for the passage of alternating
current, say of constant potential from mains m, m².
The coils D, D, are connected to the mains or source of alternating currents in any

page_text: desired way in multiple arc or in series. In the drawing they are shown arranged in
multiple arc. Each coil is wound or connected so that between the coils at the parts
having the internal projections consequent poles will be produced by a current of any
given polarity, such poles being alternately north and south proceeding circum-
ferentially as indicated by the letters n, s.
In the form of the invention shown in Figure 1, the armature core is made as a
cylinder and the coils a, upon the same are wound over the outside after the manner
of the coils in.a well known type of dynamo electric machine. The coils are wound in
the spaces between the projections on the armature core.
If there are six polar projections there may be three intersecting coils on the
armature A, and six coils on the field F, F.
The armature may be made up of iron sheets in part and with others of thin steel
intermixed, or may be of thin steel altogether, not too hard, the purpose of this being
to give a leg to the currents in the armature coils. Also the core may be surrounded
with bands of copper in place of the coils. The armature conductors are put on closed
circuit. They should be about equal in conduction to the energising coils D, D, so as
to have a high lag or self-induction.
The shaft is mounted in journals J, J, as usual and has a pulley P, arranged for
delivery of power by belting.
Now if such a structure be connected with a circuit of alternating current as indicated
in the Figure 1, (say of 13,000 alternations per minute) and if current is strong enough
and a fair start be given in either direction to the motor shaft by hand or otherwise it
will, if free to move, gradually increase its speed and (if six poles be used) not cease
to increase until it has attained from 2400 to 2500 revolutions per minute or some-
thing less than 15000- -alternations per minute.
15000
6--number of poles employed
4
or about 3700. If eight poles
15000
8
If four poles exist it is
-1850. After the motor has come up to speed
load may be gradually thrown on and if not excessive will only slightly lower the
speed. If'too great the motor may be brought down to a stoppage.
The explanations of the actions involved is quite complex and difficult to state in a
few words or to give without numerous diagrams of current waves and impulses in each
set of conductors at different positions during revolution.
Suffice it to say that the original movement given to the rotating armature sets up a
magnetic distortion which acting in conjunction with the lag of currents induced in
the coils of the armature by the currents in the outside or stationary coils permits a
strong repulsive action to be exerted between the polar projections and coils when
they are just passing out of juxtaposition, with a weakened repulsive action or even an
attraction when the poles and coils are approaching opposition. This effect is greater
when the speed is high. Hence the torque is greater as the speed rises, especially
when the speed of half full speed has been exceeded. Many arrangements of coils
and cores may be used! In figure 3, the coils are carried on projections on both parts,
one of each being shown in figure 4. The coils on the armature or closed coils may
either be closed singly, or together in series, or in other ways.
Either system of
coils may be the revolving system, or both may revolve oppositely.
The poles of the held magnet being of alternate polarity proceeding circum-
ferentially, the poles of the armature should be at liberty to take on by induction
polarities alternating in sign circumferentially and to develope currents freely in the
armature coils on closed circuit. This is secured when the coils of the armature are
in series circuit with one another by reversely connecting the successive coils as well
understood in the art.
The coils in figure 5 are on projections from the face of a'disc suitably laminated.
Figure 6 shows two such discs facing, one rotary and the other fixed, either of
which carries the closed system of coils or conductors.
Figures 7 and 8, show in elevation an edge view an armature disc built up of coils
in disc or plane at right angles to the shaft which may be run' between two discs such
as Figure 5, stationary in character..

page_text: The motor may obviously be constructed without any commutator or its shaft, and
even without collecting rings especially where the starting of the motor is produced
by an applied mechanism.
By modifications in the circuits and connections of the armature coils and by
applying a suitable commuting or circuit changing device, operated temporarily,
the motor may be made self-starting.
!
I will now proceed to describe some of the many devices that may be used for
bringing the armature up to the speed where it will be picked up by the inducing
field and will increase its speed to a speed determined by the number of alternations
in proportion to the number of poles.
In figures 9 and 10, W is a weight on a string pulling on a cord wound several
times round a small drum E, on the same shaft with a larger drum or gear wheel G,
made in the form of a friction disc for turning a small friction roll R, on the armature
shaft X. A pin p, engaged by a removable catch K, of any kind holds the parts
stationary until it is desired to start the motor. A gap is cut away under the roller
on X, and in the edge of G, to free.it in the position shown. When the wheel G,
rotates by W, falling, engages with R, and turns it. After one or two revolutions of G.
catch R, may be used to stop the wheel Cr, by the pin p, impinging thereon, while the
shaft X, armature A, and roller R, being free to .turn continue to rotate freely.
If alternating current of sufficient power traverses the coils of the motor while this
rotation is given, the current acts to keep up the rotation and increase it up to its
limit. Many other devices for starting might be used and Figures 9 and 10, is
only shown as a type of such construction.
In Figure 11, I show one of the ways in which the armature of the machine itself
may be utilized to start the motor and bring it up to speed after which its armature
circuit is kept closed, and it runs in accordance with the present invention.
In this instance a commutator has its alternate segments connected to the same end
of the armature coils, and one of its brushes a, b, is adjustable in the manner indicated
in connection with brush b. When the brushes are diametrically opposite or in
position so that they will both be in contact with opposite segments simultaneously
for the full time of the travel of the segment under the brush, it is obvious that the
coils will be practically continuously connected through the wire joining the brushes
as. the segments travels under the brushes, suitable provision being made as well
understood in the art to prevent rupture of connection as the dividing points between
the segments pass under the brushes. This may be accomplished by using a double
brush whose collecting extent is greater than the width of the slot or insulating space
between the brushes. At the start brush b, is drawn back so as not to be diametrically
placed with respect to brush a. This has the effect, if the brushes are set properly to
open circuit armature coils for a time when they are approaching juxtaposition with
field coils D. Figure 1, so that repulsion can take place just after they, pass juxta-
position. The motor being given the least rotation will start and gradually increase
its speed. As this occurs I prefer to gradually bring brush b, to the diametrically
position with respect to brush a, when the armature is then completely short circuited
at all tiines. It will soon attain its full speed if it has not before.
'
When the condition of short circuit has been obtained on the commutator it is
obvious that the coils are in practically the same electrical conditon as if their
terminals were permanently joined or as if they were connected to brushes bearing
on continuous rings, which latter manner of connection might in fact be substituted
for that through brushes a, b, as indicated at a¹, b¹.
If such provision be used as a substitute it is only necessary to mount the various
brushes so that they may be raised from contact with their cylinders.
In figure 12, a mechanical device similar to that of Figures 9 and 10, is shown, in
that the propelling device automatically becomes disengaged or ungeared from
the armature when the latter has been mechanically speeded up by the energizing
field.
Here the weight W, carries a rack to gear with the shaft, but the upper end of the
weight or the gear is cut away so that at the completion of the fall permitted to the

page_text: weight the gear will be free from the gear on the shaft and leave the latter free to
rotate under the influence of the current.
In fact the completion of the fall of weight W, may be the means for closing a
switch S, which put current onto the motor and coils from the source m, m². In
general the starting devices when made as in figures 9 and 10, and 12, or any
equivalent therefor, may similarly close a switch upon the exertion of their starting
function.
Figure 13, shows how a centrifugal governor Z, or other speed gear device driven
by the motor shaft in any suitable way may be applied to move the commutator
brush of Figure 11, as the speed increases, or to operate upon other devices to change
the armature from one whose coils are open circuited at certain points to one whose
coils are continually closed. The governor Z, inoves the brush as required to satisfy
the conditions and does it gradually as the speed rises. It might also be made to
throw on the load or shift a belt by an arm f, connecting with the usual devices for
the purpose.
Instead of a stationary external field magnet as hereinbefore described, an internal
stationary field magnet inay constitute the armature. Such a form of machine is
shown in figures 14 and 15. In these figures the armature portion which is the
external circular portion of the machine is provided with a device in the nature of a
commutator which open circuits the coils at certain points of their revolution but
connects them directly together at other points of their revolution.
I have also shown in these and following figures the way of regulating the motor
by varying the resistance of the closed armature circuit in which the induced
currents circulate. It will be obvious that the same means could be applied in the
same way to the other forms of machine herein before referred to or to any other
machines of like character.
Referring to Figures 14 and 15, B, indicates a base plate with journals of any
suitable construction mounted thereon for supporting the shaft of the motor.
P, indicates the pulley attached to the motor itself.
F, F, indicates a laininated iron core fixed in position by attachment to one of the
standards, or by other means, and having an opening through it to form a free
passage for the motor shaft. The part F, may be regarded in the present instance as
the alternating field since it is wound with a coil as indicated in Figure 16,
which coil is put in circuit with the source of alternating currents, such for instance
as wires a, b, when the motor is to be driven. The field F. is similar in form to the
armature of the original form of Siemen's dynamo machine, and is built up of a
series of plates ench of the shape shown in Figure 16, said plates being secured
together by any suitable means as now well understood in the art of construction of
dynamos and motors and being separated from one another if desired by thin
layers of insulating material.
Supported upon a disc D, fixed to the shaft of the machine is a ring I, of magnetic
material having disposed upon it a number of coils A, of insulated wire as shown.
The ring I, is made also of sheets of iron secured together with paper or other
insulation between them so as to form a laminated structure. Any number of coils A,
may be employed as desired. In the present instance six are shown. The ring or
core I, is preferably secured to the disc D, by rods of non-magnetic material extending
from the face of the disc. The coils A, are the closed circuit coils or conductors of
the machine.
By means of a commutator X, suitably applied and connected the circuit of each
pair of coils A, A, in the same diametrical plane is closed as the plane of said coils
come into parallel position with the coil C. The closure of the circuit of said coil is
maintained by the commutator K, until, or until a little after, they reach positions
where their plane is at right angles with that of the coil C.. Any desired connection
of commutator may be used for this purpose. A simple form and a simple connection
for the coils is indicated diagramatically in Figure 17. The commutator is made
with six segments which are connected consecutively to the terminals of the successive

page_text: coils A, A, while the other or remaining terminals of such coils are connected together
as at Z.
If the brushes of the commutator be set properly with relation to the segments, as
can be readily done by the usual means of adjustment, and such brushes B, BI, be
electrically connected with one another to form a closed connection for the coils, the
motor will immediately start into rotation if it be supplied with alternating currents
fed to the coil C, and will increase its speed up to high limits. If it be desired to
limit the speed the closed circuit connection for the closed circuit element of the motor
may have its resistance varied by any desired means, as for instance by a switch
indicated at V, which will open such closed circuit.
f
In the arrangement shown in Figure 14, the opening of the closed circuit at V,
simply substitutes a reactive coil R, which through its reactive or kicking effect in
opposition to the alternating currents in the closed circuit, opposes the flow of the
same and diminishes the speed of the motor. The reactive coil R, also serves to
diminish spark at the contacts V. The coil R, may be of any suitable capacity (as
desired. It might even be so large that the same practical effects could.be obtained
by omitting such coil and allowing the contact V, to entirely open the closed circuit.
The coil R, is however useful in preventing damage by sparking at the contact V.
The contact V, may be operated by a lever L, connected with a centrifugal speed
governor G, of any desired description which, when the speed rises.to a. predetermined
amount will move the lever L, sufficiently to open the contact.
In the operation of the motor under the effect of alternating currents in C, currents
are induced into the closed circuit coils A, when in parallel position with the coils C,
and such currents delivered at the commutator to the brushes B, B1, are permitted to
circulate through the circuit from one brush to the other. Under the reaction set up
between the coils C, and the coils A, the latter at once move so as to bring their
plane out of parallelism with the plane of coils C, and tend to rotate to occupy the
plane lying in a horizontal diameter transverse to the plane of coils C. The action
results in continuous rotation.
.
A form of governor G, suitable. for operating on the lever L, is indicated in
Figure 18. The reactive coil E, operating to oppose the flow of the alternating
current might be simply an artificial resistance without sensible reaction.
When so
modified it would still operate to prevent injurious sparking at the contacts V. Instead
of regulating the operation of the machine by varying the, resistance in the closed
circuit, I may shift the commutator brushes B, B¹, to produce the same effect. This
might be done by suitable link connections from the lever L, as indicated in Figure 20.
The operation would be simply to move the brushes to positions where the coils A, A,
would operate less effectively.
In Figure 21, a more elaborate governing mechanism is shown. In this case the
governor G of any suitable construction has weights W, which as they spread under centri-
fugal force move a double flange clutch or sleeve S, so as to bring one or the other of the
flanges or clutch surfaces into contact with a friction roll H. The latter imparts
movement to a screw T, and worm-wheel X, which in turn moves a switch lever J,
over the contacts of a variable resistance R, interposed in the closed circuit of the
machine. On an increase of speed the roll H, will be revolved in one way by
contact with the outer flange, and on a decrease of speed will be moved in the
opposite direction by the inner flange. By properly organizing the apparatus the
resistance may be increased when the speed rises, and decreases when the speed falls.
slight play of the sleeve S, being allowed without connection of the same with the
roll H, it is obvious that the adjustment will be maintained so long as the speed
remains constant.
Another means of varying the resistance in the closed circuit is indicated in
figure 22. This device consists of a reactive or kicking coil R, the reaction of which
is varied by means of a sheath of good conducting material carried by the arm, and
moved so as to include a greater or less amount of the coil R. When the sheath is
moved over the coil the reaction diminishes and will finally almost disappear owing

page_text: to the presence of the secondary path thus provided by the sheath for currents induced
from coil R. Under this condition current may How more freely on the closed
circuit of the machine, and the speed of the motor will rise.
While I have described one element of the machine only as moving it is obvious
that by suitable mounting the parts of both elements might be made to revolve, or
that the closed circuit element might be stationary and the alternating current inducing
element be made to revolve.
The construction illustrated in Figures 14, 15, and 10 gives an exceedingly cheap,
simple and efficient motor of the kind in which rotation is effected by the repulsion
between an armature on local closed circuit carrying currents induced by a field
magnet connected with an alternating current source.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me
by my foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In an alternating current electric motor, the combination of a field magnet
having a series of poles and wound with coiis connected to an alternating current
source in a manner to produce poles alternately north and south at the same time,
and an armature having a corresponding number of poles, said armature being wound
with coils forming the seat of currents induced by the field magnet and connected
in a continuously closed local circuit, as and for the purpose described.
Second. The combination with an alternating current electric motor composed of a
multipolar alternating field magnet, and an armature having a corresponding number
of poles and wound with coils placed on continued locally closed circu it while the
motor is running, of a mechanical starting device, as and for the purpose described.
Third. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a mechanical pro-
pelling or starting device geared thereto through a gear cut away or reduced so as
to become automatically disengaged from the motor when the latter has been brought
to the desired speed.
Fourth. The combination with an alternating current electric motor, of a propelling
or starting power geared to the motor through a wheel or gear which is provided
with a gap or cut away portion, and a stop for bringing the gear to rest in position
of disengagement, as and for the purpose described.
Fifth. The combination with an alternating current electric motor, of a starting or
propelling device for giving initial rotation to the same, and a switch controlled by
said starting device for turning the energizing current into the motor after the same
has received its mechanical impulse, as and for the purpose described.
Sixth. In an alternating current motor, the combination with the armature coils,
of a commutator having alternate segments connected to the same terminal of the
armature coils, and commutator brushes connected directly, one of said brushes being
adjustable independently of the other.
Seventh. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a mechanical
starting or propelling mechanism, and an electric switch controlled thereby for
connecting the motor to the energizing source when the armature has been speeded.
Eighth. The combination with an alternating current electric motor provided with
starting devices, of a speed guage or governor, and mechanism controlled by said
governor for throwing the work onto the motor when the same has reached the required
speed, as.and for the purpose described.
Ninth. The combination with an alternating current electric motor, of a commutator
connected with the local circuit armature coils for cutting them out of circuit at
predetermined points, a speed guage or governor and mechanism controlled by said
governor for putting the armature coils on continuously closed circuit when the
inotor has reached the required speed.
Tenth. In an alternating current electric motor in which the reaction between an
alternating field and currents induced by such field in a closed circuit armature is
employed as the motive force, a ring or endless structure of iron I, carrying coils A,
operated on closed local circuit.

page_text: Eleventh. In an alternating current electric motor having an alternating field and
a closed circuit conductor the reaction between which and the field produces motive
effects, an external ring I, carrying coils A, on locally closed circuit, and an internal
electro magnet F, carrying coils C, connected to an alternating source, as and for
the purpose described.
Twelfth. In an alternating current electric motor, an alternating current field
coil C, fixed in position as described and wound over a suitable core F, and a
revolvable ring magnet I, carrying the coils which form the circuit for the induced
currents by whose reaction the ring is revolved.
Thirteenth. In an alternating current electric motor having a closed armature
circuit as described forming the path of induced currents by whose reaction motion is
produced, means for varying the resistance to such induced currents for the purpose
of regulating the speed or power of the motor.
Fourteenth. In an alternating current electric motor, the combination with the
closed circuit for the induced currents, of means for varying the resistance to
the induced currents, and a speed governor for adjusting the devices which vary the
resistance.
Fifteenth. The combination substantially as described, of the speed governor, a
double flange disc or clutch S, connected therewith, a roll H, and a screw and worm-
wheel T, X, the worm-wheel X, carrying an arm J, which supports the device for
producing variations in the resistance to the alternating currents.
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.