Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 2nd May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 3rd June, 1887.
I, SAMUEL JONES, of Glandinorwic Slate Works, near Carnarvon in the County of
Carnarvon, Writing Slate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved method or means of constructing or
fastening the corners of school or writing slates for the purpose of making the frames
A number of
stronger, and rendering them less liable to break at the corners.
appliances have been devised for this purpose, which answer with more or less success,
but none of which have yet been generally adopted.
The ordinary method of making the frame is to cut a mortise in one side, and a
tenon on the other which fits into the mortise, and is secured therein, by a pin of wood
or brass hammered or pressed in. The pins at present used to complete the joint of
the frame are thin, and can be driven into position without boring holes right through
the frame. The objections to these thin pins are, that they are so pliable, and with
rough usage, the wood very readily pulls out, or breaks off, leaving them without
support, and the frames are consequently useless.
The object of this invention is to secure the corners of the frames, so that the wood
will not readily break or split. It consists essentially in constructing the frame with
mortise and tenon in the usual way, and strengthening the corner, or making it more
secure by means of a wire of suitable size passed round the corner and secured to the
frame by means of a pin passed through a hole or loop in the end of the wire, and
further in passing through a hole bored through the mortise and tenon-a stud or
rivet sufficiently large to have a good bearing surface against the sides of the hole, and
which will clamp the joint tightly together, so that the tenon will be held by the
pressure of the sides of the mortise upon it.
In carrying out the invention, I form a groove or channel round each corner of the
be
frame into this groove or channel is inserted the wire or binding piece, which
may
of metal, or other suitable material, and of a form and size to suit the corner to which
is applied. The ends of the wire or binding piece are formed with a hole, loop, or
ring or otherwise to receive a pin to secure it in position. When in position in the
frame, metallic or other pins are driven through the wood into the holes or loop in the

page_text: end of the binding piece to secure it in position, and prevent its being pulled out.
Through the tenons and mortise forming the joint of the frames at the corner, I bore
or drill a hole sufficiently large to receive the rivet to be inserted. The rivet is
preferably hollow, and consists of two parts, one of which fits into the other. The
outer part is a tube with dome shaped head of a thin metallic substance, such as brass,
somewhat in the form of a single ended eyelet. The other part, which fits into the
outer one is slightly conical in shape, and the head is made projecting and turned
inwards, so that when the two are pressed tightly together the end of the outer one
will turn out under the head of the other, and thus be securely held and locked in
position. Other forms of rivet may be used, but I prefer that specified above. The
place for the rivet heads may be countersunk, so that they will not project at all,
above the frame of the slate, and the heads may be made flat, dome shaped, or otherwise
as preferred, and so as not to scratch the furniture upon which they may be laid. I
prefer to use but one stud or rivet to secure the tenon of each corner of the frame,
but in some cases two or more may be used, and a thin plate or piece of metal placed
between the rivet head, and the wood of the frame. This would make a strong joint
that would not easily be broken or pulled asunder.
I am aware of a number of appliances in the way of wire and metal connections or
fasteners having been devised for the corners of frames for slates, but of none that will
give such extraordinary strength as this invention, it being very difficult to extract the
wire from the grooves without breaking the frames, or subjecting them to rough usage.
The objection to other methods of wire corner fasteners or connections being that
the projecting points of the wire are only forced down into the wood of the frame, wires
so secured children can easily extract from the grooves or channels by means of pocket
knives or the like.
Dis 1
1000

page_text: I SAMUEL JONES of Glandinorwic Slate Works, near Carnarvon, in the County of
Carnarvon, Writing Slate Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
:-
This invention relates to an improved method or means of constructing or fastening
the corners of school or writing slates for the purpose of making the frames stronger,
and rendering them less liable to break at the corners. A number of appliances have
been devised for this purpose which answer with more or less success, but none of
which have yet been generally adopted.
The ordinary method of making the frame is to cut a mortise in one side and a
tenon on the other, which fits into the mortise, and is secured therein by a pin of wood
or brass hammered or pressed in. The pins at present used to complete the joint of
the frame are thin and can be driven into position without boring holes right through
the frame. The objections to these thin pins are, that they are so pliable, and with
rough usage the wood very readily pulls out or breaks off, leaving them without
support and the frames are consequently useless.
The object of this invention is to secure the corners of the frames, so that the wood
will not readily break or split. It consists essentially in constructing the frame with
mortise and tenon in the usual way and strengthening the corner or making it more
secure by means of a wire of suitable size passed round or through the corner and
secured to the frame in the manner hereafter described.
Referring to the drawings
Figure 1 is a plan of the corner of a frame of a writing or school slate, showing the
wire passed round the corner thereof.
Figure 2 is a plan showing a frame secured by means of a wire passed through the
corners.
Figure 3 shows sections of the rivet. A groove or channel is formed round each
corner of the frame A Figure 1, into this groove or channel is inserted the wire Bor
binding piece, which may be of metal or other suitable material and of a form and size
to suit the corner to which it is applied. The ends of the wire or binding piece are
formed with a hole, loop or ring C, or otherwise to receive a pin to secure it in position.
When in position in the frame metallic or other pins D are driven through the wood
into the holes or loop C in the end of the binding piece to secure it in position and
prevent its being pulled out. Through the tenons and mortise forming the joint of the
frames A at the corner, I bore or drill a hole sufficiently large to receive the rivet to be
inserted. The rivet is preferably hollow and consists of two parts E E¹ Figure 3, one
of which fits into the other. The outer part E is a tube with dome shaped head of a
thin metalic substance, such as brass. The other part E' which fits into the outer one E,
is slightly conical in shape, and the head is made projecting, so that when the two are
pressed tightly together, the end of the outer one will turn out under the head of the

page_text: other and thus be securely held and locked in position. Other forms of rivet may be
used, but I prefer that specified above. The place for the rivet heads may be counter-
sunk so that they will not project at all above the frame A of the slate, and the heads
may be made flat, domeshaped or otherwise as preferred, and so as not to scratch the
furniture upon which they may be laid. I prefer to use but one stud or rivet to secure
the tenon of each corner of the frame, but in some cases two or more may be used, and
a thin plate or piece of metal placed between the rivet head and the wood of the frame.
This would make a strong joint that would not easily be broken or pulled asunder. If
the wire is passed through the corners as shown in Figure 2, then I prefer to provide
the wire B in the form of a pin, one end of which may be pointed, and the other end
provided with a head. A hole is first made through the corner of the frame and the
pin B can then easily be driven through, a portion of the end being allowed to project
from the frame A. This end can then be bent over and driven into the frame. The
place for the pin head may be countersunk so as not to scratch the furniture.
I am aware of a number of appliances in the way of wire and metal connections or
fasteners having been devised for the corners of frames for slates, but of none that will
give such extraordinary strength as this invention, it being very difficult to extract the
wire from the grooves without breaking the frames, or subjecting them to rough usage.
The objection to other methods of wire corner fasteners or connections being, that the
projecting points of the wire are only forced down into the wood of the frame; wires
so secured, children can easily extract from the grooves or channels by means of
pocket knives or the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. The combination with frames of writing and school slates of wires for clamping
and strengthening the corners, such wires being passed round each corner in a groove,
and then firmly secured at each end to a rivet inserted in the frame, substantially as
described.
2nd. The use in writing and school slates of wires or nails, which are passed through
each corner, and one or both of their ends allowed to project from the edge, so that
they can afterwards be bent and driven into the frames to form a clamp.
3rd. The use in writing or school slates of hollow rivets or eyelets for securing the
corners of the frames, so that they will not break or split, substantially as described.
Dated this Thirtieth day of April 1887.