Solici
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
A communication by NEWTON JOHN CAREY, of Jackson, in the County of Jack-
son, State of Michigan, United States of America, Stove Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, & 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both
in the County of Lancaster, 118, New Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, & 322, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement;-
The object of this invention is to provide a magazine heat generator adapted
to the consumption of coal slack, bituminous, and other cheap and low grades
of fuel, with little or no smoke, and to avoid, in a large degree, soot, dirt, and
other disagreeable or objectionable conditions resulting from the use of such
fuel, and which may be adapted to be used alone or attached or connected with
heating or cooking stoves, heating furnaces, boilers, or any other apparatus
where heat is desired.
The invention consists in novel features of construction as hereinafter described
and claimed.
In order that the invention may be fully understood, it will be described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which,
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of the improved heat generator, showing
variations in its structure;
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on line x-x of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section on line y-y of Figure 5.
Figure 5 is a perpendicular section through 2 of Figure 4.
The heat generator is preferably constructed of firebrick or iron walls, shown
in vertical section in Figures 1, 2 and 5, and in horizontal section in Figures 3
and 4, forming a chamber which may be of any cross section in shape, that
which is shown being substantially cylindrical. These walls rest upon a base B,
forming an ash pit B¹. Over the ash pit, and at the bottom
of the chamber, is arranged a grate C supported in any con-
venient manner. A door and draught damper D, leads into the
ash pit, the damper therein being adjustable Outside of the wall A, and a little
distance therefrom, is arranged an outer casing A'. This casing, being united
at the top with the wall at a, and at the bottom with the wall at a', forms between
the wall A and the casing a circumferential air chamber A2. Leading. to this
air chamber is an adjustable draught A3. At a little distance above the grates C,
a perforation exists in both walls A A¹ and a smoke flue B leads from the interior
of the generator to a chimney. It will be noted that the smoke flue has no
communication with the chamber A2 between the walls A A'. The top of the
generator consists of a circumferential ring of cast or sheet metal E, which has
- 1-

page_text: a central perforation E' covered by a substantially air tight cover E². This
perforation, when uncovered, leads directly to the interior of the chamber.
Through the wall A of the chamber is arranged a larger number of small per-
forations leading from the air space between the two walls A A¹ into the
interior of the casing A, and being substantially uniformly arranged on all sides
of the casing. So far the essential features of construction upon which the
operation of this heat generator depends have been described. It is obvious,
however, that observation orifices may be made at F, adapted to be opened and
closed for the purpose of observing and manipulating the burning fuel as may be
necessary, but they form matters of convenience that are not any essential part
of the invention.
Leading from the pipe B2 to the upper portion of the interior of the chamber
made by the wall A a connecting pipe 133 directly connecting the smoke exit
with the top of the interior chamber has been shown. In this may be placed a
damper 6 which operates as a valve so that this orifice may be closed, if desired.
It will be noted that the heat generator has a section of the interior chamber
located below the smoke exit; and this portion will be called the combustion
chamber M. That portion of the interior chamber located above the smoke exit
is termed the coking chamber N.
In operation, fuel is placed in the combustion chamber and lighted in the
usual manner. Then fuel, which may be of soft coal, or soft coal slack, or
analogous material, is filled through the opening into the coking chamber,
which becomes a magazine, said fuel substantially filling said chamber. The
draughts D and A³ are then adjusted so that the draught through the smoke
stack B will draw in air through the grate C, and also air through the multi-
plicity of small holes cc in the wall A, in consequence of the connection made
between these holes and the adjustable damper or draught A3, by means of the
common air chamber A³. Obviously, the two lines of draught, first, through the
ash pit, and thus through the combustion chamber, and that through the small
holes and thus through the coking chamber, can be regulated by the two
draught dampers D and A³. It is further evident that the draught from the
small holes c c is downward through the coking chamber until the air drawn
therefrom reaches the level of the exit of the smoke pipe B³. The burning of
the fuel in the combustion chamber heats up the mass of fuel, and as this mass
of fuel is heated, gas is generated. The generated gas, being combustible, is
burned in consequence of an admixture of air therewith, derived from the small
perforations c c. As the combustion proceeds, more and more of the charge
placed in the coking chamber becomes coked and descends into the combustion
chamber, where it burns without the generation of combustible gases, in conse-
quence of meeting the draught through the ash pit. The unburned residue is
disposed of through grates C by way of the ash pit, in the usual manner.
continued process is, therefore, the burning of coked fuel, in the com-
bustion chamber, the continued descent of fuel, in the process
coking, downwardly through the coking chamber, the generation of gases there-
in, and the burning of those gases by contact with the burning fuel below, and
in consequence of the presence of oxygen derived through the numerous inlet
holes c c.
As already stated, the dampers D and A3 afford means of regulating
properly the amount of air that may be admitted to either chamber.
The
of
The connecting pipe B is for the purpose of drawing off from the top of the
coking chamber such gases as may accidentally accumulate therein, gases of
that character occasionally so accumulating with the tendency, when the cover E
is withdrawn, to escape into an apartment into which the generator is placed.
In addition to what has been hereinbefore described, have been shown in all
of the figures features which more perfectly carry out the process described, but
which are not advisable, except where large masses of fuel are dealt with.
Axially through the combustion and coking chambers, a long, preferably conical,
stand-pipe S, made of appropriate material, the lower end of which is open to

page_text: the ash pit, the upper end being closed off, and the sides perforated with small
holes cc can be inserted. It is obvious that the draught through the ashpit
would rise in this stand-pipe S, and be delivered through the small perforations c¹
into the body of fuel which surrounds it, and thus the delivery of air in thin,
numerous streams, centrally into the body of fuel would be attained, and mixing
air with generated gases materially aided.
In Figure 2 this stand-pipe has been shown surmounted by a hollow yoke L, the
hollow therein communicating directly with the interior of the stand-pipe S,
the yoke carrying a hollow ring L2, and the ring carrying dependent pipes P P.
These also are perforated with small perforations c², and as the interiors of the
depending pipes, the ring, and the yoke L, and that of the stand-pipe all com-
municate, it is obvious that the descending pipes assist further in more completely
mixing the incoming air with the gases in the upper portion of the coking chamber.
Another means which may be used with or without the stand-pipe S consists in
supporting the hollow ring by two short tubes in the upper portion of the fuel
chamber, as shown in sectional Figures 4 and 5, Figure 4 being a horizontal
section through line y-y of Figure 5, and Figure 5 being a perpendicular section
through line z-z of Figure 4.
The tubes R R communicate with the air chamber formed between the
walls A A¹, and also communicate with the interior of the hollow ring R. From
this ring depend pipes P¹ P¹, exactly like those P P of Figure 2, and perforated
in the same manner.
It is therefore obvious that, so far as the principle of the invention is concerned,
the stand-pipe S and the pipes P P and P P1 may be dispensed with, or the
stand-pipe S without the pipes P may be used, or the stand-pipe
with the pipes P, or with the pipes R and P¹, may be used, or the
generator without the stand-pipe S and with the hollow ring R' and the depend-
ing pipes P¹ may be used.
The mode of operation is obvious from the preceding description, it being only
necessary to add that if sufficient air is allowed to enter the draught A3, and thus
mix with the generating gases, those gases will be completely consumed at what
might be termed the top of the combustion chamber. In fact my correspondent
has found that, by practically closing the draught D, he could completely coke
the fuel placed in the coking chamber, burn off the gases in the combustion cham-
ber, and practically deliver the coke, or the most of it, in the absence of the grate,
into the ash pit and unconsumed. It is therefore obvious that practically almost
any degree of combustion relatively can be maintained by manipulating the
draughts.
It is further obvious that the draught damper A³ can be placed in any con-
venient place, and that its location as shown is not material.
The circumferential disposition of a large number of small draught holes lead-
ing into the coking chamber is an essential feature of the invention, and it has
been found that if the holes are large, or if air is permitted to enter upon one
side of the coking chamber, the fuel will burn through at or near the place where
the draught is permitted to enter, and that the balance of the fuel will melt and
stick to the walls where there are no draught holes, and thus be prevented from
descending into the combustion chamber. In this manner, the combustion is
imperfect, and the mechanical operation of the continuous automatic descent of
the fuel is prevented. Also, where the walls A are thick, the holes are preferably
inclined backward, as in this manner they do not clog as readily as if otherwise
disposed, but this is not essential to the principle of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by.
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. In a heat generator, a chamber having an opening at or near the upper end
for the admission of fuel and an opening at or near the lower end for removing

page_text: the unburned residue, an intermediate opening to a draught. chimney, a circum-
ferential series of draught holes in the upper part of the walls surrounding the
chamber and above the opening to the draught chimney, and adjustable draughts
for regulating the supply of the air through the lower portion of the chamber
and the upper portion of the chamber, substantially as described.
2. A heat generator, consisting of a chamber, means for the admission of fuel
at its upper end, means for the withdrawal of fuel at its lower end, a jacket *sur-
rounding the walls of said chamber and extending to or near its upper end and
uniting thereto, and also being united thereto at its lower end, thus forming an
air chamber, adjustable means for admitting air to said air chamber, a multi-
plicity of draught openings through the interior wall to the chamber and above
the smoke draught therefrom, and adjustable means for permitting air to enter
the fuel chamber below the smoke draught therefrom, substantially as described.
3. In a heat generator, the combination of a casing having means for the intro-
duction of fuel at or near one end and means for the withdrawal of unburned
residue at or near the opposite end, an intermediate flue leading to the draught
chimney, an internal air Hue extending above said intermediate Hue, and adapted
to be surrounded by fuel, a multiplicity of draught holes in said air flue, a cir-
cumferential series of draught holes above the intermediate flue in the walls of
the casing, means for regulating the amount of air entering the air flue, and
means for regulating the amount of air delivered by the holes in the casing, sub-
stantially as described.
4. In a heat generator, the combination of a coking chamber having an opening
at or near its upper end for the admission of fuel, an opening at or near the lower
end for the discharge of unburned residue, an intermediate draught flue to dis
charge the products of combustion, and an air tube adapted to be surrounded
by fuel and depending downwardly from the upper end of the generator, and
adapted to discharge air into the fuel above the intermediate draught flue, sub-
stantially as described.
5. The combination, with a shell or casing, and a lining, providing a combina-
tion chamber and a coking chamber, of the air supply flue, the horizontal flue
extending beneath the fire chamber and connected to the air supply flue, and the
vertical air column extending from the horizontal flue through the fire chamber
and into the coking chamber and formed with air holes connecting the interior
of the air column with the surrounding fire and coking chambers, substantially
as described.
6. The combination, with a shell or casing, and a lining, providing a combus-
tion chamber and a coking chamber, of the air supply fiue, the horizontal flue
extending beneath the fire chamber, and connected to the air supply flue, and the
upwardly vertical air column extending from the horizontal flue through the
fire chamber and into the coking chamber, and formed with air holes connecting
the interior of the air column with the surrounding fire and coking chambers, sub-
stantially as described.
7. The combination, with a shell or casing and a lining providing a combustion
chamber and a coking chamber, of the air supply flue, the horizontal flue extend-
ing beneath the fire chamber and connected to the air supply flue, and vertical
air columns extending from the horizontal flue through the fire chamber and
into the coking chamber, having drop flues at their upper ends, substantially as
described..
.1
8. In a heat generator, consisting of a chamber, means for the admission of fuel
at one end, means for the withdrawal of' unburned residue at the other end, with
intermediate smoke flue to discharge the products of combustion, one or more air
tubes adapted to be surrounded by fuel and having openings for the entry of air
into the fuel above the smoke flue, and a multiplicity of air openings in the walls
of the generator, substantially as described.
9. In a heat generator, a chamber having an opening at or near its upper end for
the admission of fuel, an opening at or near the other end for withdrawal of

page_text: unburned residue, an intermediate opening to a draught chimney, and a circum-
ferential series of draught openings between opening for fuel and the draught
opening to the chimney, substantially as described.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.