An Improved Apparatus for Drying or Desiccating Germinating Barley and other Pulverulent Matters.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 5th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 5th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 8th Mar., 1887.
RESERV
An Improved Apparatus for Drying or Desiccating Germinating
Barley and other Pulverulent Matters.
I GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, No. 4, South
Street, Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists of an improved drying apparatus provided with trays and
arranged to cause the gases employed for drying the material under treatment to
return successively through the said material until a sufficient degree of saturation is
obtained for the desiccation of germinating barley or of other pulverulent matters.
The improved apparatus is constructed of superposed trays supported by four
uprights or vertical angle irons. The bottom of each tray is five millimetres thick
and is formed of sheet iron the outer edge of which is cut out so as to form six
circular ares having radii of forty centimetres each and centres arranged at equal
distances upon a circumference whose radius is sixty centimetres. Each tray bottom
is provided with seven perforations one of which is centrally formed and has a
diameter of forty centimetres. The other six perforations are concentric with the
ares forming the periphery of the tray. Upon the central perforation provided for
the passage of the material requiring to be dried upon the upper tray and for its
removal from the lower tray are arranged three small bars bolted under the tray.
These three bars have a small groove allowing of the insertion of the sleeve which
terminates the central pipe. This central pipe is made of perforated sheet iron
arranged in the form of a vertical cylinder having a regular hexagonal base. The
pipes are terminated at their bases by a cylindrical part passing through the central
perforation of the tray. The pipe for the lower tray is provided with a bottom to
prevent the entrance of air from the outside. The pipe of the second tray is on the
contrary closed at the top by a solid sheet iron piece whereby the gases are compelled
to pass through the pipes of the periphery.

page_text: This arrangement may be thus used in an apparatus having a single blower, the
gases being forced to traverse the material requiring to be dried, first in one direction
and then in another until a sufficient degree of saturation is obtained. With regard
to large sized apparatus provided with two blowers the tray subjected to the action of
air from the second blower (temperate or moderately heated gases) has its central
pipe open, so that the two currents may become intermixed and produce a simul-
taneous action upon the upper and subsequent trays. These pipes are rendered
movable, as they have to be withdrawn when the grain is caused to descend from one
story to the story below. Each of the other six perforations in the tray bottom is
provided with a pipe such pipes serving either for the distribution or for the return of
hot or temperate gases traversing the germinated barley. Upon the two (or more)
trays subjected to the action of the whole air forced by one blower, the upper part of
each of the six pipes is closed by means of a cast iron cover upon which is mounted
a frame carrying a grooved pulley. This cover is provided with a central perforation
(which is covered over by a box for preventing grain from passing therethrough)
allowing for the passage of a chain, rope, or galvanized iron wire wound upon the
pulley and serving to move a cylindrical cast iron buffer block having the shape of a
cap resting upon an annular and movable stop made of cast iron and arranged in the
upper part of the pipes. The said stop is rendered movable by means of a cylindrical
spring placed between the pipes and a groove arranged in the thick portion of the
cast iron ring. The latter is thus supported by the spring which bears against the
internal wall of the pipe. The cast iron buffer block makes a tight joint with the
ring.
These blocks are capable of occupying any required vertical position between the
tray over the perforations and the pipe covers and thus they serve to control the
admission of air.
The said blocks are operated at each pipe by means of a cord or rope or of a
galvanized iron wire moving upon the grooved pulley placed upon the cap and upon
two other pulleys arranged in a parallel direction one within the tray and the other
outside, the cord or rope being protected in its passage through the circular chamber
by a small tube. The cord or rope is provided with a counterweight outside the
apparatus.
For trays subjected to the action of gases already made use of and in order to
convey the latter to an upper tray, the six pipes are prolonged and are each connected
to the upper tray by a solid sheet iron pipe. The two pipes placed on each side of
the admission door of a tray are prolonged vertically by means of a solid sheet iron
pipe arranged at the outer side of such admission door. This arrangement allows of
à sufficient space for the passage of the pipe.
A damper is arranged below the tray and below each of the six pipes to allow of
the same being cleaned inside at the same time as the pipes of the upper tray.
The trays are tied or connected together by vertical angle irons. Angle irons are
likewise employed to terminate the lateral faces of each compartment at the top and
at the bottom and they serve to rivet the said faces upon the bottoms of the
trays.
The lateral faces of the trays are formed by perforated sheet iron pieces. The solid
sheet iron parts are jointed to the perforated sheet iron pieces while allowing at each
story for an opening or space which is surrounded by an iron frame upon which closes
a sheet iron door opening sideways.
Around the trays a partition forms the external part of the flue pipe surrounding
the whole apparatus. This partition is provided with doors arranged opposite other
doors. All doors are made of sheet iron opening sideways in the same manner as
ordinary doors. In large size apparatus operated by two blowers, a sheet iron pipe
conveys the temperate or moderately heated air which issues from the top of the stove
upon the tray which it has to supply by a communication through two branch pipes
with the six cast iron elbows of this tray.
The operation of the apparatus having two blowers is as follows:
The outside air is forced by a blower into a pipe, the said air subsequently passing

page_text: around a stove of cast and sheet iron whence as it issues through the upper part
thereof it passes above the dome or cupola of the stove into a double sheet iron pipe
which partly surrounds the two parts of the apparatus to be fed being finally
conducted through the six cast iron pipes beneath the lowermost tray.
A portion of the gases forced through this tray issues after having passed through
the germinated barley out of the central pipe, while the greater portion thereof passes
through the perforated iron sheet forming the periphery of the tray and into the
circular chamber.
The gases having lost in their passage through the grain a portion of their heat,
traverse the latter again in the second tray when returning in an opposite direction.
The temperate gases enter through the fourth tray by means of the six cast iron pipes
arranged under this tray and traverse the barley in the same manner as the hot gases
under the lower tray.
A flue pipe for the vapors having its base cone shaped surmounts the apparatus.
This cone is movable in the fixed flue pipe by means of three counter-weights placed
outside the apparatus in order to allow of access to the tray either for causing the
grain to descend to a lower story or for charging the said tray.
The apparatus provided with a single blower acts as regards the movement of hot
gases in a similar manner to that described with reference to the apparatus provided
with two blowers. All gases forced through the lower tray successively reach after
having passed through the grain the second and following trays.
A staircase giving access to the various storys is arranged to wind outside the
apparatus and has a landing in front of each door. This staircase accomplishes an
entire convolution at each two storys so that the doors of two successive storys are
placed at diametrically opposite points.
In an apparatus operated by means of two blowers the grain is arranged on the
tray and operated upon as follows:
The germinating barley is brought from the airing loft and commences drying
under the action of the blower for hot gases, being subsequently removed to the lower
tray while the upper tray is fed afresh.
The same operation is reproduced for the third tray through which the temperate
gases now commence to pass. A similar operation is again continued in order to
increase by one, every three hours, the number of trays in operation. The various
movements of the barley and its removal from the apparatus is effected through the
central perforations above described, a moveable cone covering the pipe of the tray
which is being loaded prevents the barley from descending upon the other trays.
The malt of the lower tray may be discharged into a truck placed below the apparatus
or into the chamber below the last tray, an endless screw arranged upon the ground
serving to take and convey the malt to a cup or bucket chain used to raise the same
to a degerminating apparatus.
The same mode of operation of the tray applies to apparatus provided with only
one blower.
By the use of this improved apparatus malt is obtained which is completely
disintegrated after having been subjected to a drying process, such malt yielding
easily, according to the nature of the grain used, from 60 to 66 kilos of extract
per 100 kilos of malt employed, which extract is of great value in connection with
the saccharifying apparatus used in breweries.
The facility with which the hot or temperate gases can be used one or more times
after they have been already utilized in one tray allows of their escaping constantly
through the hereinbefore described flue pipe only when nearly the whole of their
useful effect has been obtained these gases cause a constant and direct exchange of
temperature and become cool as they ascend in the direction assigned to them, whilst
the germinated barley becomes heated in descending.

page_text: .
Barley and other Pulverulent Matters.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, No. 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (a communication from abroad by Philippe Lauth, of Carcassonne
(Aude) in the republic of France, Brewer,) and in what manner the same is to
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
--
This invention consists of an improved drying appratus provided with trays and
arranged to cause the gases employed for drying the material under treatinent to
return successively through the said material until a sufficient degree of saturation is
obtained for the desiccation of germinating barley or of other pulverulent matters.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawings in which figure 1 represents a vertical section
of an apparatus constructed according to this invention for drying or desiccating
germinating barley and other pulverulent matters the apparatus being provided with
two blowers and the section being taken on the line A B C D of figure 2 which is a
horizontal section on the line E F G H of figure 1; figures 3 and 4 are sectional
views drawn to a larger scale illustrating the arrangement of the trays through which
the drying gases are introduced into the apparatus; figure 6 is a vertical section of
the drying or desiccating apparatus provided with only one blower, the heating
apparatus being removed; figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 are views of some of the parts
of the apparatus drawn to an enlarged scale. Similar letters in all the figures
represent similar parts.
The improved apparatus is constructed of superposed trays & supported by four
uprights or vertical angle irons u. The bottom of each tray k, is five millimetres
thick and is formed of sheet iron the outer edge of which is cut out as shewn in
figure 2 so as to form six circular ares having radii of forty centimetres each and
centres arranged at equal distances upon a circumference whose radius is sixty
centimetres. Each tray bottom is provided with seven perforations one of which
perforations a, is centrally formed and has a diameter of forty centimetres. The other
six perforations b, are concentric with the arcs forming the periphery of the tray.
Upon the central perforation a, provided for the passage of the material requiring to
be dried upon the upper tray and for its removal from the lower tray are arranged
three small bars d, d, d, figures 3 and 4, bolted under the tray k. These three bars
have a small groove i, allowing of the insertion of the sleeve which terminates the
central pipe a, figure 3. This central pipe a, is made of perforated sheet iron arranged
in the form of a vertical cylinder having a regular hexagonal base. The pipes a,
are terminated at their bases by a cylindrical part passing through the central
perforations of the trays. The pipe for the lower tray is provided with a bottom to
prevent the entrance of air from the outside. The pipe of the second tray is on the

page_text: contrary closed at the top by a solid sheet iron piece a³, whereby the gases are
compelled to pass through the peripheral pipes b.
This arrangement may be thus continued for an apparatus having a single blower,
as represented in figure 6, the gases being forced to traverse the material requiring to be
dried, first in one direction and then in the opposite direction until a sufficient degree
of saturation is obtained.
With regard to large sized apparatus provided with two blowers, as represented in
figure 1, the tray subjected to the action of air from the second blower (temperate or
moderately heated gases) has its central pipe a" open, so that the two currents may
become intermixed and produce a simultaneous action upon the upper and subsequent
trays. These pipes a, are rendered movable, as they have to be withdrawn when the
grain is caused to descend from one story to the story below. Each of the other six
perforations b, in the tray bottom is provided with a pipe c, such pipes serving either
for the distribution or for the return of hot or temperate gases traversing the
germinated barley. The upper part of each of the six pipes c, upon the tray or two
trays subjected to the action of the whole air forced by the blower or blowers, is
closed by means of a cast iron cover c', upon which is mounted a frame carrying a
grooved pulley, as clearly shewn in figures 3 and 4 and in figure 8 which represents
a section of the upper part of one of the pipes c, drawn to a larger scale.
This cover
is provided with a central perforation (which is covered over by a box cl for
preventing grain from passing therethrough) allowing for the passage of a chain r, or
a rope or galvanized iron wire passing over the pulley and serving to move a
cylindrical cast iron block t, having the shape of a cap which bears against an annular
and movable stop t, made of cast iron and arranged in the upper part of the pipes c;
figure 9 represents an elevation of the block t, and movable stop t¹.
The stop, is
rendered movable by means of a cylindrical spring (shewn detached in plan view at
figure 10) placed between the pipe c, and a groove in the cast iron ring t¹. The latter
is thus supported by the spring which bears against the internal wall of the pipe.
The cast iron block t, makes a tight joint with the ring e.
These blocks t, are capable of occupying any required vertical position between the
tray over the perforations b, and the pipe covers c, and thus they serve to control the
admission of the gases.
The block, of each pipe c, is operated by ineans of the chain », (or cord or rope or
galvanized iron wire) moving over the grooved pulley placed upon the cap and over
two other pulleys arranged in a parallel direction one within the tray and the other
outside, the chain being protected in its passage through the circular chamber by a
small tube as shewn in figures 3 and 4. The cord or rope is provided with a counter-
weight outside the apparatus.
For trays subjected to the action of gases which have been already made use of and
in order to convey the latter to an upper tray, the six pipes c, are prolonged and are
each connected to the tray above by a solid sheet iron pipe.
The two pipes placed on each side of the admission door of a tray are prolonged
vertically by means of a solid sheet iron pipe (as shewn in figure 7 which represents
a section of one of these pipes) arranged at the outer side of such admission door.
This arrangement allows of a sufficient space for the passage of the pipe a.
A damper, is arranged below the tray and below each of the six pipes to allow
of the same being cleaned inside at the same time as the pipes of the tray above.
The trays are tied or connected together by vertical angle irons. Angle irons are
likewise employed to terminate the lateral faces of each compartment at the top and at
the bottom and they serve to rivet the said faces upon the bottoms of the trays.
The lateral faces of the trays are formed by perforated sheet iron pieces. The solid
sheet iron parts are jointed to the perforated sheet iron pieces while allowing at each
story for an opening or space which is surrounded by an iron frame upon which closes
a sheet iron door p, opening sideways.
Around the trays a partition s, forms the external part of the flue pipe surrounding
the whole apparatus. This partitions, is provided with doors p², arranged opposite
the doors p. All doors are made of sheet iron opening sideways in the same manner

page_text: as ordinary doors.. In large sized_apparatus operated by two blowers, as shewn in
figures 1 and 2, a sheet iron pipe T conveys the temperate or moderately heated air
which issues from the top of the stove upon the tray which it has to supply by a
cominunication through two branch pipes T¹ with the six cast iron elbows of
this tray.
The operation of the apparatus having two blowers and represented in figures 1
and 2, is as follows:-
The outside air is forced by a blower into a pipe m, figure 2 (the line X Y
representing the axis of the blower); the said air subsequently passes around a
stove M of cast and sheet iron whence as it issues through the upper part thereof it
passes above the dome or cupola of the stove into a double sheet iron pipe which
partly surrounds the two parts of the apparatus to be fed being finally conducted
through the six cast iron pipes h, beneath the lowermost tray.
A portion of the gases forced through this tray issues, after having passed through
the germinated barley, out of the central pipe a, while the greater portion thereof
passes through the perforated iron sheet forming the periphery of the tray and into
the circular chamber.
The gases having lost in their passage through the grain a portion of their heat,
traverse the latter again in the second tray when returning in an opposite direction.
The temperate gases enter through the fourth tray by means of the six cast iron pipes
arranged under this tray and traverse the barley in the same manner as the hot gases
under the lower tray.
A flue pipe C for the vapors having its base cone-shaped surmounts the apparatus.
This cone is movable in the fixed flue pipe by means of three counter-weights placed
outside the apparatus in order to allow of access to the tray either for causing the
grain to descend to a lower story or for charging the said tray.
The arrows marked 1 indicate the direction in which the hot gases travel, and the
arrows marked 2 shew the direction taken by the temperate gases; the arrows marked 3
shew the direction in which the products of combustion pass from the stove.
The apparatus provided with a single blower and represented in figure 6, acts as
regards the movement of hot gases in a similar manner to that described with
reference to the apparatus provided with two blowers. All gases forced through the
lower tray successively reach, after having passed through the grain, the second and
following trays.
A staircase giving access to the various storys is arranged to wind outside the
apparatus and has a landing in front of each toor. This staircase completes an entire
convolution at cach two storys so that the doors of two successive storys are placed at
diametrically opposite points.
In an apparatus operated by means of two blowers the grain is arranged on the
trays and operated upon as follows
The germinating barley is brought from the airing loft and commences drying
under the action of the blower for hot gases, being subsequently discharged therefrom
onto the tray below it while the upper tray is fed afresh.
The same operation is observed with regard to the third tray through which the
current of temperate gases is now passed. The same operation is continued adding
one tray every three hours to the number of trays in operation. The various
movements of the barley and its removal from the apparatus is effected through the
central perforations above described, a moveable cone R covering the pipe a, of the
tray which is being loaded prevents the barley from descending upon the other trays.
The malt of the lower tray may be discharged into a truck placed below the apparatus
or into the chamber below last tray, an endless screw arranged upon the ground
serving to take and convey the malt to a cup or bucket chain used to raise the same
to a degerminating apparatus.
The same mode of operation of the tray applies to apparatus provided with only one
blower.
By the use of this improved apparatus malt is obtained which is completely
disintegrated after having been subjected to a drying process, such malt yielding

page_text: easily, according to the nature of the grain used, from 60 to 66 kilos of extract
per 100 kilos of malt employed, which extract is of great value in connection with the
saccharifying apparatus used in breweries.
The facility with which the hot or temperate gases can be used one or more times
after they have been already utilized in one tray allows of their escaping constantly
through the hereinbefore described flue pipe only when nearly the whole of their
useful effect has been obtained; these gases cause a constant and direct exchange of
temperature and become cool as they ascend in the direction assigned to them, whilst
the germinated barley becomes heated in descending.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
1. In apparatus for drying or desiccating germinating barley and other pulverulent
matters the herein described arrangement of parts whereby the return of the gases is
effected one or more times and when required.
2. The improved apparatus for drying or desiccating germinating barley and other
pulverulent matters Lereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying
drawings.