matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND ARRESTING VENETIAN BLINDS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Bedford Elwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1879.
PAUL BEDFORD ELWELL, of Ryton, in the County of Salop, Engineer.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND ARRESTING VENETIAN
BLINDS."
The ordinary raising cords, instead of passing over pulleys above the blind in
the usual manner, are fastened to and wound on a roller mounted in bearings above
the blind. At one end of the roller, and on the same axis therewith, is mounted a
cone having a helical groove turned or formed therein. A cord is fastened to the
larger end of the said cone, and is wound round the helical groove, and the loose
end of the cord is connected to a hanging weight, which is thus made to balance
the weight of the blind. The said weight may hang in a tube, case, or other guide.
A screw is formed upon any convenient part of the roller spindle, and works
through a suitable fixed screwed part or through a bearing having a tongue piece
gearing into one or more threads of the screw. The said screw is of the same
pitch as the helical groove aforesaid, so that as the roller revolves it is also moved
end ways, carrying the cone with it, and thus the part of the helical groove upon
which the cord is being wound is always kept vertically over the hanging weight, and
the proper winding of the cord is ensured. The raising cords also are thus properly
wound with the coils side by side on the roller. The blind may be raised and
lowered by an independent cord wound round the roller, one of the hanging ends
thereof being used to raise, and the other to lower by; or the blind may be raised by a
cord wound round the roller, and may be lowered by pulling down a cord attached
to the bottom of the blind; or the blind may be raised and lowered by simply
raising and lowering the weight hanging from the cone aforesaid.
The blind being counterbalanced by a weight hanging from a helical groove
formed in a cone, it is obvious that by a proper proportion of the cone the blind
will be equally balanced at any height to which it may be raised (the weight upon
the raising cords, of course, varying with the height), and thus there will be only a
very moderate amount of friction to overcome in raising and lowering the blind,
and the blind will remain at any desired height.
Instead of using the cone aforesaid, the balance weight may be suspended from a
cord wound round a drum or barrel, and the raising cords of the blind be wound

page_text: into helical grooves turned or formed on pulleys shaped as the fusee of a watch or
clock, the said last mentioned pulleys, of course, being upon the roller aforesaid, or
otherwise upon the same axis as the drum, and the drum and pulleys receiving an
endway as well as a rotary movement, as before described. The need for making
these last mentioned pulleys shaped as described will be apparent from the fact
that the leverage of these pulleys must be the inverse of the leverage required in
case of using the cone first described.
AN IMPROVED BRAKE FOR CARTS AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1879.
THOMAS TAYLOR, of Farnworth, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "AN
IMPROVED BRAKE FOR CARTS AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
My improved brake when applied to a cart consists of a shoe or skid which is
fixed to an arm suspended to the underside of the cart and connected by stays to
the axle of the wheels. The shoe or skid is held up under the cart when not in
use, and it is released by hand when required.
When the cart is to be stopped or retarded, the carter draws out the check bar
to release the weight from the horse's back; and when the cart is slightly tipped the
weight is brought on to the shoe or skid which then bears on the road and applies
the requisite friction for stopping or retarding the cart.
The shoe or skid is released by drawing down the front end of the cart to enable
the draw bar to be replaced; this is effected by a lever or other equivalent.
When my improved brake is applied to four wheeled carriages the shoe or skid
must be applied by levers.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUCOSE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Edward Vesey Beanes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1879.
FREDERICK EDWARD VESEY BEANES, of Montlands, Brenchley, Kent.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUCOSE."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention consists in the application of chlorine to bleaching grain (either
whole or ground) for the purpose of producing a light colored glucose.
The chlorine may be used in any form, such as bleaching powder, or dissolved in
water, or otherwise, but I prefer to use it as gas.
The application of the chlorine may be performed in various ways, but I prefer
to employ the following, viz.,-
1st. The grain is soaked in water and the excess allowed to drain away.
2nd. It is next saturated with chlorine until partly bleached.
3rd. Then mixed with water and left to complete the bleaching.
4th. Finally, drained from the water, treated with antichlor to remove any
chlorine remaining, and washed.
The grain may now be converted in the ordinary way, and either treated with
charcoal or not.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN GAS AND OIL OR OTHER LAMP SHADES AND REFLECTORS, OR REFLECTORS AND SHADES COMBINED
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jeffs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1879.
JAMES JEFFS, of 43, Hanover Street, Islington, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN GAS AND OIL OR OTHER LAMP SHADES AND
REFLECTORS, OR REFLECTORS AND SHADES COMBINED."
The object of my Invention is to gather all the shade of light rising from the gas,
oil, or any other burner or substance to throw the said burning or other light down
or around any rooms or places ware the said light is required, either for street or
other lamps, by placeing glass silvered, or otherwise commonly called looking glass,
or tin or any otlier metal or paper, or any other substance that will stand a bright
surface, electro or otherwise, plain or corrugated, coloured or tinted any shade as
may be required to show the largest light; the said glass or metal used to be cut
and fixed together, dividing the chimney, or globe, or lamp into four or more or less
parts, so that the said glasses or metals fixed shall reflect one into the other with
shade or top plates either sloping down or straight out, or otherwise fixed to reflect
the light down into the four or more or less side plates, and by this means shewing
a mutch larger light for use or otherwise; these shades and reflectors are fixed into
metal or other frames, either for the four or more or less side fittings to be used
with or without the top shade, or the shade to be used without the said side wings
made as aforesaid.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR QUICKLY HEATING WATER FOR BATHS AND FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edwin Cooper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1879.
HENRY EDWIN COOPER, of 313, Cambridge Road, E., in the County of Middlesex,
Steam and Hot Water Engineer. "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR
QUICKLY HEATING WATER FOR BATHS AND FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improved construction of apparatus for quickly heating
water for baths and for domestic purposes.
The apparatus consists of a series of tray boxes of any convenient shape arranged
in a superposed manner and connected by short pipes that the whole are in
communication. The tray boxes are arranged within a casing and the upper of the
series is supplied with water by a tap from a regular supply, a ball or valve being
fitted if the supply of water be in quantity. The lower of the series is provided
with a draw of pipe which preferably leads to near the upper part of the casing,
the pipe being brought into contact with the products of combustion from a series
of flames arranged that the flames impinge against the base of the lower box, and
also against and over the others of the series and the short connection pipes that the
heat they contain may all be taken up before any escape can take place. I purpose
to make the lower tray box that it extends to near the four sides of the casing
supposing it to be a square one, and to make the one above with a passage through
the centre, that the products of combustion may travel in a zigzag manner around
and over the edges of the lower box, then over it towards the central space of the
box above, and up and over that box to the one above, which is arranged in a
manner similar to the lower box.
For heating the apparatus by gas jets I purpose employing a blast which being
generated in a separate apparatus enables air to be forced through pipes, and
be burned in combination with coal gas to increase the heating properties of the
same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF FINISHING NUTS AND BOLT HEADS AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fletcher Wiles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1879.
JOHN FLETCHER WILES, of Finch Lane, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PROCESS OF FINISHING NUTS AND BOLT HEADS AND IN MACHINERY TO BE
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Heretofore in finishng nuts and bolt heads it has been customary to plane up the
flats or sides thereof in order to give them an appearance of finish and to make
them of one uniform size. This process of planing is a costly and troublesome one,
generally requiring as many seperate operations as there are sides or flats to a
nut.
For this purpose according to my present Invention instead of planing the sides
or flats on the nut or bolt head I give them the required finish by turning, whereby
I reduce the number of operations and thereby considerably lessen the cost of the
finishing process.
The machinery I employ for this purpose consists of a lathe poppet head pre-
ferably of the ordinary construction carried by suitable framing and having a
shaft or mandril mounted therein.
Upon this shaft or mandril I mount a plate or disc carrying a slide or slides,
and upon such slide or slides I mount a template of the required form. In addition to
this shaped template I employ a plain circular template or disc for the purpose
hereinafter named. Upon the framing of the machine I mount on centres, capable
of adjustment, one or more rollers (or in some cases I may employ pins or studs) to
give the required motion to or guide the templates. _
The cutter or tool is carried by a slide or otherwise in the ordinary manner and
may be traversed by any desired means. The nut or bolt as the case may be is
during the turning operation fixed rigidly to the slide or slides or to some part
carried thereby, and consequently follows the movements of the template.
It will be seen that upon the shaft or mandril being rotated the nut or bolt head
is caused to approach to or recede from the cutter or tool, according to the form of
the template. In order to finish the top ond bottom and chamfer of the nut or
bolt head, I bring the circular template into operation in place of the shaped
one.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1879.
ALFRED CLARKE, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester, Manager of
Works. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE
RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
My Invention consists of the process or combination of processes herein after
described for making the notch part and the tube or barrel of the runner or top
notch from one piece of sheet metal.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the manufacture of a runner for an
umbrella or parasol.
I take strong sheet copper or brass or other ductile metal or alloy having the
thickness of the notch of the finished runner to be made, and I cut from the said
sheet metal by means of a press a ring, the external diameter of which equals
the diameter of the notch to be made. The internal diameter of the said ring, that
is, the diameter of the cut away central portion, is considerably less than the
diameter of the runner tube or barrel to be made. From the inner edge of the said
ring I make the runner tube or barrel by a series of raising and drawing through
processes; that is to say, I place the ring described in the lower die of a pair of
dies or tools worked in a press, and by the operation of the said dies or tools I
displace a portion of the metal at the inner edge of the ring, so as to form on
one of the faces of the said ring a strong annular flange or shoulder. By the use
of other pairs of shaping and drawing through tools the said annular flange or
shoulder, and the inner edge of the ring are further operated upon and a barrel or
tube of the required length made therefrom. A barrel or tube solid to or in one
piece with the ring is thus made. The end of the barrel or tube of the runner is
beaded, and the ring at the head of the tube is converted into the notch ring by
grooving and notching it in the ordinary way. I manufacture top notches in
the manner described with respect to runners. A shorter tube however is required
for the top notch than is required for the runner:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUP- PLYING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1879.
WILLIAM WATSON, of Harrogate, in the County of York, Manufacturing
Chemist. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUP-
PLYING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS,"
The object of my Invention is to provide an effective yet simple and cheap
apparatus for supplying water to steam boilers.
The Invention consists of a metal box or casing which is coupled to the boiler
at its upper end and above the water line by means of a tube or tubes, and at its
lower end below the water line by means of a tube or tubes; also a pipe or other
convenient source is provided for supplying the feed water to the apparatus.
According to one arrangement of apparatus I provide within the casing a plug
of a similar construction to that of an ordinary tap, such plug containing one or
more passages through it, and to which I impart when required a continuous rotary
motion, or a rotary reciprocating motion, or a radial motion. By such motion the
openings or passages in the plug are brought opposite to the various openings into
the tube or tubes through the casing or box. When the passage or passages during
their rotary or radial motion are brought opposite the water supply pipe they are
filled with water, and continuing their course beyond this position the filled
passages are brought under the tube or pipe, which is connected to the boiler above
the water line, and directly opposite the tube or pipe which is connected with the
boiler below the water line. When in this position the water falls from the passage
in the plug into the boiler through the lower pipe or pipes. The plug after this
moves again to the feed water supply, which immediately condenses the steam in
the passage, and fills it again ready to be passed forward into the boiler, as
described.
The herein before mentioned plug may be either conical or cylindrical, and provided
with suitable packing to render it water tight.
Instead of the herein before mentioned plug, to which is imparted a continuous or
reciprocating rotary or a radial motion, when preferred I provide a sliding part
fitted within a metal case or cylinder, this sliding part having one or more passages
of a similar construction to those herein before described.
To the sliding piece is given when required a reciprocating piston like movement,
which brings the passages or openings therein under the water supply tube or pipe,

page_text: from which it is filled with water, and is afterwards carried forward, the water
therein contained passing therefrom into an external box, and thence through
suitable pipe or pipes into the boiler.
The required motion is given to the moving parts of the above apparatus from
some suitable motive power.
MENTS IN BRUSHES AND ELASTIC SCRAPERS KNOWN AS SQUEEGEES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Trotter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1879. A communication from
abroad by Messrs Astenius and Anderson, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of
Sweden.
JOHN TROTTER, of Laurel Lodge, Barnet, in the County of Herts. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN BRUSHES AND ELASTIC SCRAPERS KNOWN AS SQUEEGEES." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Messrs Astenius and Anderson, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom
of Sweden.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in brushes and elastic scrapers
known as squeegees,―
In connection with a long handled scrubbing brush, such as is used for scrubbing
decks, and for many other like purposes, a water box or receiver is provided, and
also a scraping blade or band of vulcanised india rubber; these are both applied
on the top of the brush. The water box is open along the front and the elastic
scraper lies against the open mouth and serves as a valve, opening to admit water,
and closing to prevent its escape. The brush is used in scrubbing in the usual
way, and then afterwards or at any time when it is desired to dry the surface,
the bandle of the brush or implement is turned in the hand and the scraper is
brought into use. It is at first used in the same way as the ordinary well known
squeegee, the elastic blade being made to push the water forward in front of it
along the surface to be dried. In this way the water is collected, and it is then
taken up into the water box or receiver simply by making use of the other side of
the scraper, the operator drawing the implement towards himself. The pressure
applied to the elastic blade or band in this direction causes it to leave the edge of
the water box or receiver whilst at the same time the motion of the scraper over
the surface causes the water to run up its inner face into the water box or receiver.
Immediately the scraper is raised from the surface, the elastic blade or band closes
as a valve against the edge of the water box or receiver and the water is retained.
The water can afterwards be poured into a pail or other convenient receptacle from
a hole provided for the purpose in the end of the water box or receiver which
however the water is only able to reach when the end of the brush is turned down
so as to enable the water to flow. In some cases the improved squeegee consisting
of the elastic blade or band with the water box or receiver suitably mounted with
a handle may be made and employed without the brush.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY BREAD FORK
Year: 1879

page_text: $5
LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Chambers Macdonald, of 19, Denmark Villas,
Brighton, in the County of Sussex, for the Invention of AN IMPROVED
SAFETY BREAD FORK."
Sealed the 30th January 1880, and dated the 11th November 1879.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert Chambers Macdonald
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1879.
HERBERT CHAMBERS MACDONALD, of 19, Denmark Villas, Brighton, in the County
of Sussex. "AN IMPROVED SAFETY BREAD FORK."
This Invention is designed for the purpose of providing an efficient means of
cutting bread with the aid of a fork in a cleanly and safe manner, either on or off a
platter, without danger of cutting the hand or of soiling the bread with the hands
or fingers.
The fork may be made of steel electro plated or other suitable metal, and is
provided with a notched guard, to be fixed or made to fold as desirable. The
handle of the fork may be made of any suitable material and has a deep groove in
the upper surface, near the end where it joins the prongs, to enable the end of the
thumb or forefinger to be placed in it when cutting the bread, so as to obtain a
firm grip.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I now proceed more fully
to describe the same by the aid of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which
the letters in the several Figures represent the same parts.
Fig. 1 represents a general view of the fork; a, a, a, are the prongs; b is the
guard, which may be hinged at 6¹ if desired; c is the handle; and d, the groove in
which the end of the thumb or fore finger is placed when cutting the bread.
Figs. 2 and 3 represent some of the several ways the fork is held when in the
act of cutting bread.
Having now described and illustrated the nature of my Invention, I would have
it understood that what I claim is the using a fork or apparatus for holding bread

page_text: when being cut with safety and without danger of cutting the hand, or of soiling
the bread with the fingers or hand, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert Chambers Macdonald, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
TT A
H. C. MACDONALD. (LS)
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES HEATED BY GAS, OILS, OR SPIRITS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Griffith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1879.
WILLIAM EDWARD GRIFFITH, of Montpelier Road, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES HEATED BY GAS, OILS, OR SPIRITS."
"
This stove consists mainly of the following arrangements:-A lower portion or
stand constructed preferably of cast iron, into which (when gas is used) the gas
supply pipe is introduced, a ring burner preferably arranged on the atmospheric
gas burner system being situated in this lower portion.
Upon this lower portion or stand is fitted the upper part or body of the stove,
which consists of an outer case (made preferably of terra-cotta or fire-clay) closed
at the top, but through this case passes a hot air cylinder or duct (preferably of
terra-cotta or fire-clay) which is open at the top to the apartment or otherwise and
at the lower portion to the stand. This cylinder or duct is at its lower end made
of bulbous form, or enlarged or increased in surface, so as to have the same effect,
as hereafter described.
In action the burners being lighted the heat from same on the bulb portion or
enlarged or increased surface produces in effect a heating portion or chamber. The
fresh air or air from the room passes through the lower inlet opening into the
inner duct or cylinder, and in its passage through the bulb portion or enlarged or
increased surface becomes highly heated, and passes out heated into the room or
apartment. The burnt air and products of combustion of the gas pass upwards
between the outer case and inner part of the stove, and out at an outlet in the
outer case, into a chimney or other convenient exit, the outer surface of the outer
case also forming a heating surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Mann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
HENRY MANN, of the Firm of Henry Mann, Son, & Co., of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchant and Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS."
My Invention relates to the manufacture from grey or undyed materials of cut
pile fabrics. In performing my Invention I prepare a warp with alternate stripes
of yarn spun from silk, wool, linen, cotton, or other fibros; this warp is placed in a
loom, and the weft consists entirely of cotton or other thread. When the fabric is
woven the races formed by the weft floating over the warp are cut in the usual
manner; the fabric is then dyed and finished by any of the well known processes,
and the different shades in the striped pattern are produced by the yarns taking
different shades of colour, according to the nature of the fibre of which they are
composed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR FIXING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Burstow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1879.
EDWARD BURSTOW, of Horsham, in the County of Sussex, and 91, Queen Street,
Cheapside, in the City of London, Architect. "IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS FOR FIXING
THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS."
I construct my improved keys the same as those now in use, except that I pierce
or mortise the key in one or more places, and insert a piece or pieces of wood, with
the grain at right angles to that of the key, that is to say, so that when the key is
in use the grain of the inserted piece or pieces may be end on to the rail and at
right angles to it.
The inserted pieces are made flush, or nearly so, with the surface of the key, and
may be secured and preserved by a coating of marine glue or other suitable
material previous to their insertion, which will also lessen the weakening of the
principal block, which would otherwise bo consequent on its being pierced or
mortised.
The advantage of keys of this construction is that whereas they are as simple to
apply as those of the ordinary kind, and require no special knowledge or care, they
will remain firm in all variations of the weather, and will not become loose when
a hot and dry season follows a wet one, as those now in general use do, because
although the body of the key may shrink, the inserted pieces having their grain
end on to the rail do not shrink in the same direction as the body of the key, and
consequently remain firm.
It may sometimes be advantageous to insert near the thinnest end of the key
(and the keys in common use would be much improved by being treated in the
same way) a piece of stout wire or wood driven transversely through it, so that it
may not interfere with the key being driven into its place, but when that is
accomplished the wire or wood will prevent the key shaking out of the chair should
it ever become loose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR IRONING OR SMOOTHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Atherton Bernard Furlong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1879.
ATHERTON BERNARD FURLONG, of 4, Bernard St., Brunswick Square, London,
W.C., Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR IRONING OR SMOOTHING
WOVEN FABRICS."
I mount a table about thirty inches long by twenty inches in width upon four
legs about two feet and four inches in height. I cover the table first with a
thickness of rubber and cotton cloth upon which I place a hollow roller about seven
inches in diameter, and enough longer than the width of the table to admit of the
roller ends tapering and projecting beyond the sides of the table to form axels.
Axels can be formed by fixing two spokes or pieces of metal crossing each other
with a hole in the centre for an axel. The axel ends work in suitable bearings.
To regulate the amount of pressure which is required by the roller upon the table
bed I place over the said roller an ordinary cross spring, the two ends of which
rests upon the ends of the roller or axels, the said spring receiving its pressure by
a screw the same as is used in ordinary wringing or mangleing machines. At the
lower end of the bearings in which the axels herein before described work, I place
two wheels which run in groves at the bottom of the table or underneath side of
the table. The object of doing which is to enable the roller to be worked backward
and forward upon the top of the table without displacement. This backward and
forward motion of the roller is produced in the following manner, viz.:-I.connect the
afforsaid bearings of the roller by a bent rod in the shape of the letter U with a rod
from the centre or bottom, thus Ų, to a crank wheel or eccentric worked by a
suitable geering, which it will be seen must give a backward and forward motion to
the roller and bearings. This crank wheel or eccentric can be worked by hand or
steam power, the latter is preferable. Now as it is necessary that a roller should
be heated, I do it with gass, steam, or iron heaters. I claim the peculiar bearings
and attachments and the backward and forward motion on a flat surface of the
roller as applied to machinery for ironing or smoothing woven fabrics.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watson and Henry Scarr at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1879.
WILLIAM WATSON, of Linley Hill, in the Parish of Leven, in the County of York,
Farmer, and HENRY SCARR, of Beverley, in the said County, Millwright. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES."
Our Invention consists of a revolving drum containing sliding knives for the
purpose of cutting brands on sheaves to be thrashed out. This drum is used
in combination with a self feeder. The cutting drum and self feeder are both
placed on and driven by a thrashing machine. The band cutter consists of a long
drum in which grooves are cut lengthwise of the drum, and in these grooves are
inserted blades or knives with serrated edges placed at equal distances from each
other. The knives extend nearly from one end of the drum to the other, and the
edges of the knives project above the surface of the druin. These knives are made
to slide from one end towards the other end of the drum whilst the drum is in
motion. This sliding motion is imparted to the knives by means of small pullies,
which are attached to the side of one end of the shank of each knife. This pulley
runs in a cam fixed to one of the arms which carry the cutting drum. In the drum
spikes are fixed to assist in holding the bands whilst being cut. The cutting drum
is carried between two arms which work loosely on bearings placed on the shaft
which drives the cutting drum. The arms extend back behind their bearings, and
are weighted-to counterbalance or nearly counterbalance the weight of the drum.
Power is transmitted by means of a strap or other mechanical contrivance from the
shaft on which the arms rest. The arms carrying the cutting drum are arranged so
that either arm may rise or fall to suit a large or small slieaf, and a suitable
pressure is given to the cutting drum by elastic bands or other means to enable the
knives to cut the bands of the sheaves. The mode of working our Invention is,
that the sheaf is placed on the self feeder which carries it to and under the cutting
drum, a knife of which severs the band of the sheaf,, which is then passed on and
falls down into the thrashing machine to be further dealt with.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BEARINGS FOR THE WHEELS OF VELOCI- PEDES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nahum Salamon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1879.
"
NAHUM SALAMON, of Holborn Viaduct, in the County of Middlesex, Sewing
Machine Factor. AN IMPROVEMENT IN BEARINGS FOR THE WHEELS OF VELOCI-
PEDES."
Hitherto great difficulty has been experienced in excluding fine dust from the
bearings of velocipedes, and a rapid wearing away of the friction surfaces has
consequently ensued.
This has been the more noticeable in the bearings of the hind wheels of bicycles,
the speed of rotation of such wheels from their comparatively small diameter
having in the presence of fine grit induced a rapid cutting action of the contact
surfaces.
For bearings of this class of vehicle a fixed and an adjustable cone are generally
used, the hub of the wheel being made to correspond thereto. The outer ends of
these cones are covered by screw caps which fit onto threaded extensions of the
hub, and inside these caps packing has been applied to ensure a tight fit between
the ends of the cones and the caps. Notwithstanding this and similar precautions
it has been found impossible to exclude fine dust from the bearings.
I now propose as a remedy for this difficulty to form upon the cones an annular
flange or shoulder which will serve as a support for a felt or other washer which is
caused to to bear against the adjacent end of the hub of the wheel. By screwing
up the caps these washers will be tightly nipped between the flanges and the hub of
the wheel, and thus the risk of dust penetrating to the bearing surfaces will be
effectually prevented. These washers will also serve to keep the lubricating
material within the hub of the wheel by tightly closing the bore of the hub at
its opposite ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LENSES FOR MAGNIFYING OR INCREASING AND DISTRIBUTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ferguson the younger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1879.
JAMES FERGUSON, the younger, of Napier Road, in the City of Edinburgh,
North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LENSES FOR MAGNIFYING OR INCREASING AND
DISTRIBUTING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT."
This Invention relates to a peculiar lens or arrangement of lenses forming a
magnifier and light distributor applicable to house and street lamps and other
lights, whether burning gas or oil or any other illuminating substance, and consists
of a magnifying glass or circular lens, either in one piece or made up of several
lenses or segments surrounding or enclosing the light, which is situate inside the
said magnifying globe or combination of lenses. The lens or lenses employed are
convex on the outside, and concave or flat on the inside where the light is burning.
These globes or lenses may be either clear or more or less obscured, and may have a
fluted, chequered, sectional, or ornamented surface, and be coloured or not as
required.
By my Invention I am enabled to magnify, distribute, and increase the
illuminating power of artificial lights of all kinds, thereby effecting a considerable
reduction in the cost of lighting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BEER AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1879. A.
communication from Charles Ross, of Klein-Flottbock, Prussia.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BEER AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH." A communication from Charles Ross, of
Klein-Flottbeck, Prussia.
This improvement in the treatment of beer consists in separating part of the
albumen which is dissolved in the beer by cooling the latter, and by then filtering
the cooled liquid in a manner as will hereafter be described. The purpose of the
Invention is to prevent or diminish the formation of precipitation, i.e., sediment
from the beer when kept bottled.
The process is as follows:-
The beer is cooled sufficiently in a vessel which is closed to the atmosphere
until the separation of the albumen begins, and it is then kept for some time at this
low temperature. From the cooling vessel the beer is led through a pipe to a filter
enclosed in an air tight casing, and which is placed sufficiently below the vessel,
and whilst passing through the filter the separated albumen and impurities which
may be suspended in the liquid aro removed from the latter.
From the filter the beer passes through another pipe upward into a second
vessel or into a bottle filling apparatus, from which it may be drawn off into bottles.
In case the beer is placed under this process of cooling and filtration directly after
the upper fermentation the beer is passed from the filter into the stilling casks,
where it is furnished with new yeast for sedimentary fermentation. To prevent an
escape of the carbonic acid contained in the beer from the latter during the process
of filtration, the filter vessel must be placed sufficiently below the cooler as well as
below the receiving or taking up vessel for the filtered liquid, so that the pressure of
the columns of liquid which rest on the filter are greater than the pressure of the
carbonic-acid contained in the beer. The filter must according to the height of
pressure from the above reason be placed from about twelve to twenty feet below
the cooler and from ten to sixteen feet below the vessel, apparatus, or cask for
receiving the filtered liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUISING AND ROUGH GRINDING MILLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1879. A
communication from Carl Ulbrich, of Chemnitz, in the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUISING AND ROUGH GRINDING
MILLS." A communication from Carl Ulbrich, of Chemnitz, in the German
Empire.
The object to be effected by the machine which is the subject of this Invention
is to bruise and break the grains without producing flour.
The grains are passed from a hopper through a regulating roller on to the incline
of the kenneled surface of a number of troughs placed one beside the other. A
feeding roller which is placed eccentrically to the troughs that is nearer to one side
of the troughs so that the grains are caught directly they enter the trough and are
then moved towards the other side of the troughs, which is made flat and sharp as
a mouth, and at this point a cutting roller is fixed, which is furnished with sharp
saw like teeth which cuts off the parts of the grains which project over the mouth
of the troughs; these parts vary in size according to the full space left between the
troughs and cutting roller. The trough levers are by the working of the cutting
roller kept in rocking motion, in consequence of which the grains assume and
occupy a very regular position in the kennels of the troughs.
The troughs and trough levers which are placed one aside the other, like the
keys of a piano, are turnable on a shaft independently of each other. By means of
an india rubber ball, spring, or spiral springs, each lever receives the necessary
pressure for keeping the grains sufficiently fast against the cutter. This pressure
is adjustable by screws attached to the upright ends of the frame. The supporting
bar prevents the troughs from coming in direct contact with the feeding roller,
whilst the screws attached to the frame of the machine regulate the exact position
of the bar.
The cutting roller, the feeding roller, and the troughs are made of very hard
material as porcelain, chilled cast iron, or cast steel.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING CHINA CLAY, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arther Whitaker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1879.
"AN
JAMES ARTHUR WHITAKER, of Helmshore, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING CHINA CLAY, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES."
China clay before being prepared for use in the manufactures has to be broken up
and ground small.
This has hitherto been effected by hand by means of a hammer or other similar
instrument.
The object of my Invention is to provide a mechanical apparatus for the above
purpose.
A trough is placed in a suitable position, say, over the tank in which the china
clay is to be boiled, the bottom of this trough is formed of open work similar to a
grid, and, by preference, slopes downwards from the sides towards the centre of the
trough. Just above this grid-work bottom is mounted a shaft upon which are fixed
a series of arms in such a position that when the shaft revolves they work between
the bars which form the bottom of the trough.
This shaft may be driven by strap and pulley, but to gain power I prefer to
drive it by means of a pinion on a driving shaft gearing with a large toothed wheel
on the shaft which carries the arms.
It will be evident that when the clay or other substance is fed into the trough
and the arms are set in motion, the lamps will be broken up and fall through the
grid work bottom into the boiling tank or into any other convenient receptacle.
A suitable arrangement of pulleys may also be provided to hoist the clay over
the trough.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hannam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th of August 1879.
JOHN HANNAM, of Gwyddelweru,.in the County of Merioneth, Smith. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
The first part of this invention consists in arranging suitable mechanism by
which an alternate vertical or "up and down" motion is imparted to the dashers
which agitate the contents of the churn in such a manner as that the mechanism
can be disconnected from the churn and dashers with the greatest facility, in order
to clean, fill, empty, or otherwise treat the contents thereof.
The churn tub or vessel I make of the ordinary vertical type, in the interior of
which I arrange one, two, or more dashers, but preferably two (to which number
the following arrangement refers) :-
The rods of the dashers are attached by suitable clips, which can be expeditiously
attached to or discouected from beams of peculiar construction.
To these beams, through suitably arranged cranks and connecting rods, the
necessary up and down motion is imparted by manual or other power. The beains,
cranks, and connecting rods are mounted upon frames, which are quite independent
of the churn itself.
By these means the dashers can be attached to or disconnected from the
uechanism with case, while the contents of the churn can be examined with the
greatest facility.
The second part consists in the construction of the beams to which the dashers
are attached, and which constitutes a great improvement.
Instead of forming the material of which the beams are constructed of uniform
strength throughout their length, I thin down the material between the fulcrum of
the beams and the point at which the connecting rods are attached, until the
requisite spring is given at this point at the return of each stroke. The result
of this improvement is that no jar or shock is experienced at the return of each
stroke, and a quick springing motion is imparted to the dashers, which agitate in
the most perfect manner the contents of the churn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gray and James Ingham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
JAMES GRAY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Reed Maker, and JAMES
INGHAM, of Blackley, in the said County, Reed Maker. " IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS
USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Our Invention consists, firstly, in a method of forming the dents of reeds, whereby
we render then less likely to be cut by the passage of the warp, such cutting
usually taking place at the edges. For this purpose we chamfer them off on one
face from each side, thereof, so that the centre parts constitute comparatively
rounded or flattened surfaces, against which the warp bears, thus avoiding the
cutting action on the edges, and as during the process of weaving the warp is
drawn inward from each side we reverse the faces of the dents at the middle of the
reed, so that the aforesaid rounded or flattened surfaces are presented to the warp
throughout its width.
Secondly. We employ extra short widths of reed, which may be slipped on the
ribs when desired, so as to take the place of or act in conjunction with the main
reed when it has become worn in any parts thereof, which are generally, as is
known, at the sides in the first place. These extra reeds may be of the same pitch
as the main reed, or coarser, as it is well known that the warp on each side is
commonly drawn in between alternate or other intervals of dents, and they may be
secured to the ribs by set screws and slots or by other suitable mechanical
arrangement.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIO
.L SPECIFICATION left by John McCarthy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1879.
JOHN MCCARTHY, of Alexander Place, Stoney Road, North Strand, Dublin, in
the County of Dublin, Ireland, Warehouse Keeper, Custom House Docks.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA."
For this purpose
My said Invention relates to apparatus for saving life at sea.
I construct a cylindrical chamber or vessel closed at one end, of somewhat greater
dimensions in length than in diameter, and within this cylindrical vessel arrange a
second cylindrical vessel of lesser diameter and length so as to provide an annular
space between the two vessels; this annular space I fill with cork or other light
substance.
The cylindrical vessel floats in the water in a vertical position and seats are
arranged within the same. The bottom I make in the form of a truncated cone, to
which I secure a keel, and to the side of the vessel I also suitably attach a rudder
for steering purposes. Rowlocks are attached to the upper edge of the vessel for
use of oars in propelling. The cylindrical chamber or vessel thus constructed I
hang on a hoop of wood of peculiar construction at the extremities of a diameter by
pivots or trunions projecting from it so as to allow the vessel to oscillate freely
within the hoop, and this hoop is again supported in like manner on a second or
outer hoop by pivots, the line of which is at right angles to the first named
pivots.
The vessel suspended thus on two hoops or circles, whose suspending diameters
are at right angles to each other, will always retain a horizontal position however
the horizontality of the hoops or circles may be affected by a rough sea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLIANCES TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beverley and James Clyne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1879.
WILLIAM BEVERLEY and JAMES CLYNE, both of the Town and County of
Aberdeen, North Britain. IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLIANCES TO BOOTS AND
SHOES."
"
"
The said Invention relates to improvements in or appliances for boots and shoes,
and has for its object to preserve the soles and heels thereof from rapid wear.
According to the said Invention a false sole or "preserver" is prepared of india
rubber or other similar or suitable substance of any suitable size, thickness, and
shape, and therein is or are a recess or recesses, preferably two, and curving out-
wards towards the top, these openings being encircled by a groove or grooves.
The preserver " is countersunk around the edge. The ". preserver" is fixed to
the sole of the boot or shoe by fasteners, or borders, or edgings of metal, or by an
outer rim or border of hard rubber, or by an edging of wire web incorporated in
the rubber of the "preserver," or by a combination of hard rubber and wire web.
The fasteners, or edgings, or borders, are placed on the countersunk or thin edge of
the "preserver," and plates are placed in the recesses before named, the said
fasteners, edgings, or borders and plates being secured to the sole by screw nails or
rivets, or the like, passed through the said fasteners and plates and "preserver" and
into the sole of the boot or shoe. Where the fasteners are metal strips or plates
they may be in several lengths placed at a short distance apart to give a yielding
action. By reason of the portions to receive the fasteners and plates being counter-
sunk the material of the "preserver" projects beyond them.
As regards the heels of boots and shoes the material of the "preserver" does not
project above the fastener or fasteners, or securing ribs, or plates of metal, but is
flush with or projects beyond it, elasticity and durability being derived from a
layer of rubber of the desired thickness beneath the metal. The " preservers " for
the heels are fastened by screw nails or the like passed through the fasteners,
rubber, and into the heel, the fasteners being countersunk if desired to receive their
heads.