Improvements in Insecticides and Fungicides.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Insecticides and Fungicides.
I, ALFRED BLACKIE, of 50, Grove Hill Road, Tunbridge Wells, in the County
of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has for its object the production of efficient insecticides and
fungicides in a convenient and advantageous form.
I make from various substances of known value as insecticides or fungicides
new combinations which not only increase their efficacy, but result in concen-
trated preparations, in a convenient form, ready for immediate use, very easily
soluble in water, suitable for transport, which will keep without decomposition or
separation of their ingredients, and which while destructive to insects and fungi
when largely diluted with water, are not injurious to plants or the higher
animals.
In all cases I employ alcohol as one of the ingredients, as besides other pro-
perties alcohol has the quality of maintaining the other ingredients of the different
combinations in the desired condition for their ready and effectual use.
My invention consists in the following combinations:-
1. Soap, alcohol, and the extract of quassia wood.
2. Soap, alcohol and aloes.
3. Soap, alcohol, and sulphide of potassium or sulphide of sodium, or a mixture
of the two.
4. Soap, alcohol, extract of quassia wood and the sulphide of potassium or
sulphide of sodium, or a mixture of the two.
5. Soap, alcohol, aloes, and the sulphide of potassium or sodium, or a mixture
of the two.
The advantages of these several combinations are very considerable and may
be shortly indicated as follows,―
As regards the combinations described under heads Nos. 1 and 2, the soap is
obtained in a concentrated but still liquid or easily soluble state. The aloes and
quassia extract are preserved from decomposition by the preservative action of the
alcohol, while the alcohol acts also an important part, not only as a direct destroyer
of insect life, but also by causing the other ingredients to penetrate the bodies
of insects and more thoroughly saturate fungus growths.
In the combination described under head No. 3, the soap is again obtained in a
concentrated but liquid or easily soluble state, and its permanent combination
in a convenient form with the sulphides of potassium or sodium or a mixture of
the two is effected.
The combination of soap with these sulphides in a concentrated, permanent and

page_text: convenient form is highly desirable for the objects in view, but has hitherto pre-
sented considerable difficulties, either from the product being solid or semi-solid
and so unmanageable, or not sufficiently easily soluble in water, or from the con-
stituents separating on keeping. By my invention these difficulties are overcome.
In the combinations described under heads Nos. 4 and 5, the advantages described
in Nos. 1, 2 and 3 are combined in complete washes of very general application
for destroying insects and fungus pests, and which are in a most convenient form
for immediate use.
I may point out that for certain purposes in the use of insecticides, the presence
of the sulphides hereinbefore mentioned is not desirable. In such cases I use the
combinations No. 1 or No. 2. For other purposes quassia extract or the aloes
may be unnecessary or extravagant in which case I use combination No. 3. In
ye other cases a combination of several of the ingredients is highly desirable
and specially advantageous, and in such circumstances I use combinations No. 4
or No. 5.
In preparing these compounds the proportions of the ingredients may for
different reasons be considerably varied according to the object in view, and no
exact proportions can therefore be given.
The following examples will serve as illustrations, but I do not confine myself
to these proportions,
Nos. 1 and 2. In preparing these combinations I mix, with or without the aid
of heat, about 60 lbs. of soap, preferably a good potash or soft soap, with about
two gallons of alcohol (good methylated spirit being suitable for the purpose).
When making No. 1, I add thereto about 12 gallons of liquid extract of quassia,
(which may be prepared by extracting the bitter from the chips with water and
sufficiently concentrating the liquor, or by dissolving a sufficiency of the pre-
viously prepared highly concentrated extract in water). No exact proportion of
extract can be given here, as extracts vary very much in strength, but sufficient
of the particular extract employed must be added, to impart a decidedly bitter
taste to the wash when diluted to 1 in 50. When making No. 2, I add to the
quantities of soap and alcohol already mentioned a sufficiency of a solution of
aloes, the guide being as before, viz., the taste imparted to the wash when diluted
ready for use.
No. 3. In preparing this combination I mix about 60 lbs. of soap, preferably
potash or soft soap, with about two gallons of alcohol and add about 2 gallons
of a 45% solution of preferably sulphide of potassium, but sulphide of sodium
or a mixture of the two may be used.
No. 4. I proceed as in combination No. 3, and add to the ingredients named
a sufficiency of extract of quassia as described in No. 1.
No. 5. I proceed as in combination No. 3 and add to the ingredients named
a sufficiency of a solution of aloes as indicated in No. 2.
When hard soap is used in making any of the above compounds a more solid
product is the result, but this is in some cases desirable for convenience of trans-
port or other reasons.
For use,
Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5, are to be diluted in the proportion of about 50 parts
of water to 1 part of the manufactured product, and No. in the proportion of
about 100 parts of water to part of the manufactured product.
The different products described may be used alone or in conjunction with other
substances useful as insecticides, and any such substance may be added which
is not found to be incompatible with the other ingredients.
this with dom of T 1007

page_text: Improvements in Insecticides and Fungicides.
I, ALFRED BLACKIE, of 50, Grove Hill Road, Tunbridge Wells, in the County
of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
My invention has for its object the production of efficient insecticides and
fungicides in a convenient and advantageous form.
I make from various substances of known value as insecticides or fungicides
new combinations which not only increase their efficacy, but result in concen-
trated preparations, in a convenient form, ready for immediate use, very easily
soluble in water, suitable for transport, which will keep without decomposition or
separation of their ingredients, and which while destructive to insects and fungi
when largely diluted with water, are not injurious to plants or the higher
animals.
In all cases I employ alcohol as one of the ingredients, as besides other pro-
perties alcohol has the quality of maintaining the other ingredients of the different
combinations in the desired condition for their ready and effectual use.
My invention consists in the following combinations;-
1. Soap, alcohol, and the extract of quassia wood.
2. Soap, alcohol and aloes.
-
3. Soap, alcohol, and sulphide of potassium or sulphide of sodium, or a mixture
of the two.
4. Soap, alcohol, extract of quassia wood and the sulphide of potassium or
sulphide of sodium, or a mixture of the two.
5. Soap, alcohol, aloes, and the sulphide of potassium or sodium, or a mixture
of the two.
The advantages of these several combinations are very considerable and may
be shortly indicated as follows:
As regards the combinations described under heads Nos. 1 and 2, the soap is
obtained in a concentrated but still liquid or easily soluble state. The aloes and
quassia extract are preserved from decomposition by the preservative action of the
alcohol, while the alcohol acts also an important part, not only as a direct destroyer
of insect life, but also by causing the other ingredients to penetrate the bodies
of insects and more thoroughly saturate fungus growths.
In the combination described under head No. 3, the soap is again obtained in a
concentrated but liquid or easily soluble state, and its permanent combination
in a convenient form with the sulphides of potassium or sodium or a mixture of
the two is effected.
The combination of soap with these sulphides in a concentrated, permanent and
convenient form is highly desirable for the objects in view, but has hitherto pre-
sented considerable difficulties, either from the product being solid or semi-solid
and so unmanageable, or not sufficiently easily soluble in water, or from the con-
stituents separating on keeping. By my invention these difficulties are overcome.
In the combinations described under heads Nos. 4 and 5, the advantages described
in Nos. 1, 2 and 3 are combined in complete washes of very general application
for destroying insects and fungus pests, and which are in a most convenient form
for immediate use.
I may point out that for certain purposes in the use of insecticides, the presence
of the sulphides hereinbefore mentioned is not desirable. In such cases I use the
combinations No. 1 or No. 2. For other purposes quassia extract or the aloes
may be unnecessary or extravagant in which case I use combination No. 3. In

page_text: yet other cases a combination of several of the ingredients is highly desirable
and specially advantageous, and in such circumstances I use combinations No. 4
or No. 5.
In preparing these compounds the proportions of the ingredients may for
different reasons be considerably varied according to the object in view, and no
exact proportions can therefore be given.
The following examples .will serve as illustrations, but I do not confine myself
to these proportions,-.
Nos. 1 and 2. In preparing these combinations I mix, with or without the aid
of heat, about 60 lbs. of soap, preferably a good potash or soft soap, with about
two gallons of alcohol (good methylated spirit being suitable for the purpose).
When making No. 1; I add thereto about 12 gallons of liquid extract of quassia,
(which may be prepared by extracting the bitter from the chips with water and
sufficiently concentrating the liquor, or by dissolving a sufficiency of the pre-
viously prepared highly concentrated extract in water). No exact proportion of
extract can be given here, as extracts vary very much in strength, but sufficient
of the particular extract employed must be added, to impart a decidedly bitter
taste to the wash when diluted to 1 in 50. When making No. 2, I add to the
quantities of soap and alcohol already mentioned a sufficiency of a solution of
aloes, the guide being as before, viz., the taste imparted to the wash when diluted
ready for use.
No. 3. In preparing this combination I mix about 60 lbs. of soap, preferably
potash or soft soap, with about two gallons of alcohol and add about 2 gallons
of a 45% or about a 45% solution of preferably sulphide of potassium, but sulphide
of sodium or a mixture of the two may be used.
No. 4. I proceed as in combination No. 3 and add to the ingredients named
a sufficiency of extract of quassia as described in No. 1.
No. 5. I proceed as in combination No. 3 and add to the ingredients named
a sufficiency of a solution of aloes as indicated in No. 2.
When hard soap is used in making any of the above compounds a more solid
product is the result, but this is in some cases desirable for convenience of trans-
port or other reasons.
For use, Nos. 1, 2, 4 and 5, when made in the proportions of the examples given,
will be preferably diluted in the proportion of about 50 parts of water to 1 part
of the manufactured product, and No. 3 in the proportion of about 100 parts of
water to 1 part of the manufactured product. All the examples given may however
be made in a more or less concentrated form and the dilution varied accordingly.
The different products described may be used alone or in conjunction with other
substances useful as insecticides, and any such substance may be added which is
not found to be incompatible with the other ingredients.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
--
1. As a new article of manufacture the combination of soap, alcohol, and quassia
extract substantially as described.
2. As a new article of manufacture the combination of soap, alcohol, and aloes
substantially as described.
3. As a new article of manufacture the combination of soap. alcohol, and
sulphide of potassium or sulphide of sodium or a mixture of the two substantially
as described.
4. As a new article of manufacture the combination of soap, alcohol, quassia
extract, and the sulphide of potassium or sulphide of sodium or a mixture of the
two substantially as described.
5. As a new article of manufacture the combination of soap, alcohol, aloes, and
the sulphide of potassium or sulphide of sodium or a mixture of the two substan-
tially as described;

page_text: 6. The use of one or more of the above described combinations in conjunction
with any other suitable ingredient which may be added substantially as described.
Dated this 10th day of March 1898.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.