AN IMPROVED CHEMICAL MEANS OF APPLYING OR FIXING ON WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS CERTAIN COLOURING MATTERS PRODUCED FROM TAB
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Dugdale Kay, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturer of Patent Fabrics, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED CHEMICAL MEANS OF APPLYING OR FIXING ON WOVEN OR
FELTED FABRICS CERTAIN COLOURING MATTERS PRODUCED FROM TAB."
Sealed the 28th June 1859, and dated the 29th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Dugdale Kay
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1858.
I, RICHARD DUGDALE KAY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer of Patent Fabrics, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHEMICAL MEANS OF APPLYING OR FIXING ON WOVEN
OR FELTED FABRICS CERTAIN COLOURING MATTERS PRODUCED FROM TAB," to be as
follows:-
My improvements are for the direct application of certain colouring
matters employed bitherto only in dyeing, and consist of a means or chemical
method by which the said colouring matters can be fixed upon any fabric
without any dyeing. The said colouring matters are what are employed under

page_text: the name of harmaline, indine, indinine, iodine, &c., and which are prepared
from aniline, a product of tar. The method of fixing or applying the said
colouring matters consist in the employment of them in combination with
albumen prepared from eggs or blood or of caseine, proteine, or any other
soluble matter, capable of coagulating by heat or by contact with a chemical
agent. As the colouring matters that I employ are not all in solution, and
pure water dissolves them only imperfectly, I add a solvent to the liquor, holding
the colouring matter in suspension or to the water that I employ to dilute the
colouring matter if the said colouring matter is very concentrated. And for
the said solvent I make use, in preference to others that might be employed,
of tartaric acid, which gives the best results. I prepare the colour by
dissolving the said colouring matters in the tartaric acid and thickening this
solution with albumen, or any other substances that I have named in lieu of
albumen or with a mixture of these. I print this colour by any of the ordinary
mechanical means known to calico printers on any woven or felted fabric, and
I fix or fasten the said colour- by any of the ordinary means practised by calico
printers for fixing ultramarine blue, &c., that is to say, by exposing the
printed fabric to the action of steam, or by simply passing the said fabric
through boiling. water pure, or water with substances added to it that
coagulate albumen, and in this last case the operation may be performed cold.
And in substitution of the substances specifically named as colouring matters
usually employed, I use other substances analogous that are formed direct
from tar, or that may be prepared from aniline or phenic acid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Dugdale Kay in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
DUGDALE KAY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer of
Patent Fabrics, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second-year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Richard Dugdale Kay, Her special license that I, the
said Richard Dugdale Kay, my executors, administrators, and, assigns, or.

page_text: such others as 1, the said Richard Dugdale Kay, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHEMICAL MEANS OF APPLYING OR
FIXING ON WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS CERTAIN COLOURING MATTERS PRODUCED FROM
TAB," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Dugdale
Kay, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Office
of our Commissioners for Patents for Inventions within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said Richard Dugdale Kay, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):―
My Invention consists in an improved means of applying or fixing on
printing fabrics colouring matters produced from tar and suitable for printing.
Some of the colouring matters which I employ have been called harmuline,
indisine, and fuchsine, although some of these names have been heretofore
applied to colouring matters derived from other substances. My method of
fixing or applying the said colouring matters upon the fabric consists in the
employment of them in solution in combination with albumen, (prepared
from eggs or blood), caseine, protein, lactarine, or any other substance having
similar properties and capable of forming albuminates, caseinates, &c., and as
these colouring matters are not all soluble in water, I dissolve them in oils or
oils and alkalies or tartaric or other vegetable acids, or a mixture of two or
more of these substances; when the colouring matters are thus dissolved and
mixed with the albuminous substances, I apply them to the fabric by means.
of blocks, rollers, or other printing surfaces, and I subject the fabric so
printed (after drying) to the action of steam, or in the place of steam the fabric
may be passed through hot water alone or through water hot or cold con-
taining an acid or a salt, or it may be otherwise subjected to a dry or moist
heat, and when so steamed or heated in every practicable instance, (though it
is not absolutely necessary), it may be passed directly through ammoniacal
water or vapour, which will better develope the color and preserve the
white.

page_text: The following examples will suffice to illustrate my method of preparing
combination of "colour" with other materials to be used according to
Invention -
1st, take 2 oz. concentrated harmaline and dissolve it cold in
8 oz. olive oil, and then add
4
24
""
وو
carbonate of soda crystals dissolved in
water, when the above is well mixed add
14 oz. albumen, and stir till dissolved, and it is then
ready for printing.
2nd, take 28 oz. concentrated harmaline,
21
tartaric acid,
"
560, water, dissolve this by boiling and filter while
warm, allow this to cool, and then add
308 oz. albumen, and stir till dissolved, and this is
also ready for printing.
The above proportions may be varied according to the style of work to
printed, or when oil is used without alkali, and by the said variation or by
slight alteration of the process, any shade of lilac from the reddest to t
bluest may thus be obtained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Dugdale Kay, have here
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of June, One thousan
eight hundred and fifty-nine.
RICHARD DUGDALE KAY. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Richard Dugdale
Kay, in the presence of
J. HARGREAVES KAY,
Solicitor, Blackburn.