matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING SUCH FURNACES WITH FUEL OR OTHER COMBUSTIBLE MATTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harrison Aydon and George Bastall
Jerram at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th September 1866.
We, HARRISON AYDON and GEORGE BASTALL JERRAM, both of Queen Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING SUCH FURNACES WITH FUEL OR OTHER
COMBUSTIBLE MATTERS," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to the employment of fuel, such as
coal, coke, peat, pitch, or other like combustible matter, which is supplied to
the furnace in a highly divided state, and for this purpose we first grind such
fuel into a very fine powder, in which state it is ready for admission to the
furnace; it is then placed in a hopper communicating with the apparatus for
injecting it into the furnace. The apparatus we prefer to employ consists of
an adjustable or fixed nozzle entering into a chamber or passage communicating
with the furnace, into which chamber the fuel from the hopper falls previous
to its being injected into the furnace, and for which purpose we employ a
blast or jet of cold or hot air or superheated steam (at a suitable pressure)
issuing from the nozzle aforesaid. The steam on issuing from the nozzle
will carry with it the coal dust or other powdered fuel which has fallen into
the chamber into the furnace, and thus spread it over the fire, when it will be

page_text: immediately inflamed. Other fuel falling into the chamber will be injected
into the furnace in like manner in any required quantity.
The second part of our improvements consists in introducing the fuel into
the furnace by means of a revolving barrel or shaft (hollow or otherwise)
having a continuous or intermittent motion, and having cast or fixed on to it
lengthwise either plain or curved vanes similar to a fan, and which barrel or
shaft by revolving slowly carries with it and pushes forward the fuel to be
burnt under and into the fire in the front of the furnace, stirring up and
turning over at the same time the incandescent fuel already in the furnace.
The fuel before falling between the vanes to be carried into the fire is passed
between a pair of rollers called "nutting rollers," by which it is made more
equal in size, thereby being easier to force into the furnace. A steam jet may
be introduced above the fire, and the two means of feeding the furnace may
be used conjointly if desired.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Toussaint at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1866.
I, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT, of Barnsbury Road, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CEMENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing cement by combining together
the following ingredients, matters, or substances, namely, freestone, sandstone,"
marble, and other non-argillacious stones that have not been burnt or baked.
I reduce these to a fine powder by any suitable means, and mix one or other or
several of them with any kind of lime and plaster in about equal proportions ;
the plaster to be baked. In using this cement it is mixed with water in a
similar manner to other known cements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Richard Barnes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1866.
I, WALTER RICHARD BARNES, of the Heath Fairlight, Hastings, in the
County of Sussex, Captain in the 2nd Royal Surrey Militia, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire escapes. For this
purpose I employ a sheet of strong wire or other netting of considerable
width and of a length considerably exceeding the height of the houses in the
neighbourhood where the fire escape is to be used. The sheet may either be
in one continuous length or in two or more parts connected together when
required for use; to the corners of this sheet of netting I strongly fix eyes or
other attachments to which chains are secured. When a fire occurs the
adjacent houses on each side of the fire are ascended, and chains are lowered
therefrom; these chains are made fast to the eyes or attachments on the sheet
of netting, which is then by means of the chains hauled up at one end in front
of the burning house and secured by cross bars of iron extending across the
window frames or otherwise, whilst the other end of the sheet is carried off to
a distance so as to form an easy incline down which persons or goods may.roll
without-injury-or-if the space available is not sufficient to form the said easy
incline, then the lower end is in a similar manner lifted by chains let down
from the houses opposite so as to form, as it were, a lap to receive safely

page_text: persons or goods descending the inclined netting. The meshes of the netting
may be so formed as to cause the sheet to sag down slightly at the centre so
that the netting when in use may assume a slightly trough-like form by which
all possibility of persons or goods in descending being injured by falling over
the edges of the sheet is avoided; this arrangement also admits of the sheet
of netting being considerably reduced in width towards the lower end, by
which lightness is secured; the lower end of the netting also where it is at a
safe distance from the fire need not be of metal.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 81st
December 1866.-A communication from abroad by Justin Dubreuil
and Camille Barnard, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR ADVERTISING," a communication to me
from abroad by Justin Dubreuil and Camille Barnard, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of and apparatus for advertising or
exhibiting placards and announcements of all kinds, whereby extended
publicity may be obtained, and consists essentially in the application to
mechanical horses or carriages of a box or case of polygonal, cylindrical, or
other form, and composed of transparent or translucent material, to the
exterior of which are attached the placards or notices to which publicity is to
be given, a light being placed in the interior of the box or case at night
time so as to render the letters easily visible. In addition to the progressive
motion which this advertising transparent box receives in company with the
travelling mechanical horse or carriage, it also receives a rotatory motion
derived from the propelling mechanism of the vehicle, so that the various
advertisements on the sides of the box or case will be displayed in various¯
different directions. The man or boy in charge of the mechanical horse

page_text: or vehicle may, if desired, be concealed in the body of the vehicle, which
can be readily arranged for that purpose. Any of the well-known arrange-
ments of mechanism for propelling a mechanical horse or vehicle may be
employed, such portion of the apparatus not constituting a part of the present
Invention.
<!
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LAYING VENEERS ON TO SUB- PACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Clifton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1866.
I, HENRY CHARLES CLIFTON, of 44, Rahier Street, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LAYING VENEERS ON TO SUB-
PACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of new arrangements or combinations of machinery
for the purpose of laying veneers on to mouldings or other surfaces, and
whereby veneers may be laid with greater advantages and more economically
than by the machinery hitherto employed.
One arrangement or combination consists of an arrangement or combination
of self-adjusting weights and levers so arranged and combined with ordinary
machinery used in the trade as to apply the requisite pressure at one time or
operation over the whole of the surfaces to be united instead of applying the
pressure only to portions of the surfaces at one time..
Another arrangement or combination for the same purpose consists of an
arrangement or combination of a rising and falling bed, whereby the screws
used to give the requisite pressure to the surfaces to be united are put down
at one motion instead of turning each screw separately.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Jackson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1866.
I, MICHAEL JACKSON, of Curtain Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Umbrellas "
relates to silk umbrellas, which are liable to cut and wear into slits at the
central parts of the gore.
The improvement consists in weaving into the piece of silk from which the
gores, which form the covering of the umbrella, are cut a strip of work about
an inch wide, and composed of wool, hair, or other textile material which can
be woven with silk, and will bear greater wear and tear than the more
expensive material. When weaving the piece of silk these strips of the
stronger material are thrown in in the shape of weft at proper and regular
distances apart throughout the piece, the exact distance of the strips from
each other depending upon the size of gores required. It will be found
that gores thus strengthened precisely at the wearing parts will greatly
increase the durability of the umbrella without necessarily increasing its cost.
If desired, threads composed of cotton, flax, wool, hair, or other strong
textile material plaited or covered with silk may be used to form the
strengthening strips.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUES, RESTS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS USED IN PLAYING THE GAME OF BILLIARDS, BAGATELLE, AND OTHER SIMILAR GAMES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pomeroy Dodge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1866.
I, GEORGE POMEROY DODGE, of No. 79, Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUES, RESTS, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS USED
IN PLAYING THE GAME OF BILLIARDS, BAGATELLE, AND OTHER SIMILAR GAMES," to be
as follows:-
The said improvements consist in the application of india-rubber or sub-
stances composed partly of india-rubber to the formation of cues, rests, maces,
and other implements used in playing billiards, bagatelle, pool, or other games
of a like nature.
In the construction of the said implements the india-rubber used is either
vulcanized, mineralized, or otherwise hardened; or the compound substances
known as vulcanite, ebonite, or other combinations are employed. The said
cues may be of the same form as those ordinarily employed, which are generally
made of wood. The butt or end of the cues may be made of any required
weight to suit the style of any player without alteration in its size or form
and without the employment of the ordinary expensive and troublesome pro-
cesses for increasing or diminishing its weight. A highly ornamented and
finished appearance can also be imparted to these ends or butts at a very slight
cost. The cue rests also when formed of india-rubber or its compounds possess
the important advantages of not cutting or injuring the cloth or fracturing
the slates of the table as bappens frequently when metal rests are employed;

page_text: Deither are they so liable to break or so clumsy in form as those made of
wood. The maces formed of india-rubber are also much less liable to break
and in common with the cues and cue rests possess the capability of being
highly ornamented at a slight cost, and of being made of any desired weight
without change of size or form to suit different styles of playing.
The handles of the rests and maces are by preference made of wood and
secured to the ends or heads of the several implements in the usual manner,
though if required they also may be formed of the same material as the said
ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTERED, NUMBERED, AND FIGURED TABLETS, DOOR AND NAME PLATES, LABELS AND SIGNS, SHOW PLATES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mansell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1866.
I, GEORGE MANSELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cabinet
Inlayer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTERED, NUMBERED, AND FIGURED TABLETS, DOOR AND
NAME PLATES, LABELS AND SIGNS, SHOW PLATES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the application of inlaid veneered work wrought
in woods of all descriptions, metals, pearl, ivory, bone, ornamental stones, horn,
tortoiseshell, or any other material capable of the same treatment to the
purposes of making the description of articles enumerated in the title.
The work is performed much in the same manner as buhl work, the letters
or numbers being pierced through the surface by a small bow saw, and the
counterparts in a well contrasted material are secured in the piercings by being
glued or cemented on to the same back plate, after which the surface is
smoothed and glazed with varnish, French polish, or glass. There is thus no
waste, all the parts in two saw-pierced plates or veneers being sufficiently
accurate to admit of interchange; as, for instance, in plates, the one of
rosewood, the other of satinwood, the letters or numbers cut from the one
occupy the piercings cut in the other, and a pleasing contrast is produced,
as well as a highly ornamental effect, at a very small cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN-THE PURIFICATION OF WATER, AND IN THE DISINFECTION AND PRESERVATION OF PUTRESCENT AND PUTRESCIBLE MATTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Kühne, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1866. A communication from abroad by Dr. Willy Kühne, of Berlin,
in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, ADOLPH KÜHNE, of 21, Norfolk Street, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN-THE PURIFICATION OF WATER,
AND IN THE DISINFECTION AND PRESERVATION OF PUTRESCENT AND PUTRESCIBLE
MATTERS," a communication to me from abroad by Dr. Willy Kühne, of Berlin,
in the Kingdom of Prussia, to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the destruction and removal of such organic
impurities as are sometimes contained in water employed for potable and
other purposes, the presence of which might be prejudicial to health, and it
refers also to the disinfection and preservation of putrescent and putrescible
substances, such, for example, as excrements or other refuse, excreta or
products.
My Invention, so far as it relates to the disinfection & purification of water,
consists in the employment of an oxidising substance, such, for example, as
chlorine, or permanganates of the alkaline, or of the alkaline earths, which I
employ in sufficient quantity to destroy any injurious organic matter or product
which may be present therein, and in such cases where an excess of the disin-
fecting material has been employed, in neutralising and destroying such excess
by means of hyposulphite of soda or other deoxidising reagent. The proportions
of the oxidising or disinfecting reagent to be employed will of course be depen-

page_text: dent upon the impurities present, and the amount of the deoxidising reagent
necessary to be used will be proportionate to the excess of the oxidizing
material employed. In some cases I neutralize or acidify the before-mentioned
permanganates, either when in solution or when mixed with water, as I find
it sometimes advantageous so to do..
In order to effect the disinfection of putrescent and to preserve putrescible
matters from decay, as above referred to, I employ a mixture of any of the
permanganates before mentioned and persulphate of iron or other metallic
salts, which I add to and incorporate with the materials under treatment.
The proportions of the materials to be employed will necessarily be dependent
on the degree of putrescent and on the putrescitility of the excreta or other
refuse matters to be treated.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FASTENING APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR BUCKLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cedric Nurse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1866.
I, CEDRIO NUBSE, of Crawford Street, Bryanston Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED FASTENING APPLICABLE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR BUCKLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of a novel fastening which may
be used as a substitute wherever buckles are now used, it is applicable to straps
for securing railway or carriage rugs for travelling bags, portmanteaus, braces,.
or to any article or contrivance to which buckles are ordinarily applied. I
propose to attach to the strap or band, or to the body of a portmanteau, or to
any other article to which buckles are ordinarily applied, a plate of metal
having one or more projections or studs riveted therein, the plate being
concealed under or between the leather or other fabric and being secured
thereto by stitching or sewing, the projection or projections being exposed
above the surface of the fabric through an aperture or apertures cut or
punched out, the heads of the projections being slightly enlarged, the
corresponding extremity of the strap or band, consisting of the tongue or tab, is.
then to be passed through a loop attached or formed in the end of the solid
hidden plate, and then pressed down upon and over the projection or projections,
which enter corresponding apertures in the tongue or tab, and form a flush
surface therewith just filling up the holes hitherto occupied by the buckle

page_text: pin of a buckle fastening and leaving the head of the stud visible; the tongue
is then passed under a further loop or loops to secure the end in a flat position
on the fastener. The enlarged surfaces of the projections prevent any
tendency to the escape of the tab from the fastening, it being necessary to
remove the tab by raising it off the projection when the release of the fastening
is to be effected. These improved fastenings are more easily adjusted than
buckles and present a much neater appearance, there is no necessity to bend
the tab or tongue to the extent required when the buckle is used, and
therefore a tab of leather will last much longer than when secured by a
buckle pin, since the tab is merely adjusted in such position as to register with
the projection or projections, and only requires to be slightly bent, thus
preventing the formation of cracks in leather tabs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LACE MADE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Selby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1866.
I, WILLIAM SELBY, of Nottingham, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
LACE MADE IN TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of lace
made in twist lace machines.
In order to obtain peculiar ornamental effects in laces made in twist lace
machines, in place of using the thick gymping or ornamental extra threads
each of one color, as heretofore, I combine or double two yarns or threads of
two distinct colors, say, for instance, black and white, and then I introduce
and work into the laces made in twist lace machines these doubled thick
gymping or ornamenting threads in place of ordinary one color gymping or
ornamenting threads, or in company with such one color gymping or orna-
menting threads.
This Invention, although peculiarly applicable in the manufacture of silk
laces made in twist lace machines, is also applicable when manufacturing
laces of other materials in such machines.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR FLATTENING HACKLE PINS OR COMB TEETH EMPLOYED IN MACHINES POR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Perry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1866.
I, CHARLES PERRY, of the Firm of John Perry, of Shipley, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Manufacturer of Wool Combing Machines, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
FLATTENING HACKLE PINS OR COMB TEETH EMPLOYED IN MACHINES POR COMBING
WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a lever mounted (by preference) intermediately
betwixt its ends, on a shaft or pivots supported on suitable framing, one end
carrying a swage or hammer and the other a friction roller to rest upon, and
be operated by an eccentric or a cam fixed upon a rotary shaft which is also
supported on the framing. Another swage or anvil is fixed on the framing in
suitable position for the lever swage to act upon or against. The friction
roller is capable of adjustment and the lever so as to regulate the distance of
or from meeting of the swages according to the thickness the pins are required
to be made. By this Invention such pins or teeth are pressed flat instead of
being hammered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lycett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1866.
I, WILLIAM LYCETT, of Sandback, in the County of Chester, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SALT," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the employment and utilization of what is
known as the waste heat combined in or capable of being produced by the
combustion of the mixed gases which escape from blast, puddling, and other
furnaces employed in the production of iron for the purpose of heating and
evaporating saline solutions in order to obtain the salt or chloride of sodium
contained therein.
In carrying out my Invention I collect and conduct such waste gases
under evaporating pans or other heating apparatus or arrangements, and
so construct the fire-place or chamber that air may be admitted in order that
the combustible gases contained in the mixed gases may be burnt, and the
heat thereby produced and given out may be economised and employed for
the production of salt. The construction of the fire-place and the burners
necessary for effecting the combustion of waste gases fro. iron furnaces is well
understood.
AN IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH THE BLEACHING OF FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BLEACHING POWDER, BLEACH LIQUOR, OR SUL- PHURIC ACID
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Dietrich Julius Seitz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1866.
I, CARL DIETRICH JULIUS SEITZ, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH THE BLEACHING OF FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
AND WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BLEACHING POWDER, BLEACH LIQUOR, OR SUL-
PHURIC ACID," to be as follows: -
My Invention consists in combining the bleaching process or processes
with that either of the manufacture of bleaching powder or bleach liquor, or
of sulphuric acid, and thus making use of the same gas twice. While the
chlorine gas which is to be employed in the manufacture of bleaching powder
or of bleach liquor as usual is on its way from the vessels in which it has
been generated to the chambers or boxes in which the bleaching powder is
to be made, or to the vessels wherein bleach liquor is to be made, I bring it
in contact in any convenient vessel with the substances to be bleached, these
substances being dry, damp, or suspended in water or other suitable liquid,
the substances are thereby bleached; after this the chlorine gas, both absorbed
and not absorbed, is conducted to the bleaching powder chambers or boxes,

page_text: or to the bleach liquor vessels in the usual way, and the gas absorbed by the
liquid, and the bleached substance is extracted by applying some exhausting
apparatus. Or instead of chlorine gas I employ sulphurous gas in the same
way for the same purpose, the gas not absorbed being conducted into chambers
for the manufacture of sulphuric acid.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PULLEYS AND LIFTING GEAR FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Andrew. at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1866.
I, THOMAS ANDREW, of Commercial Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PULLEYS AND LIFTING GEAR FOR RAISING AND
LOWERING WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining a two-toothed pinion and cog wheel
to pulley blocks, crabs, and other lifting gear. For example, to the sheave of
a pulley or drum of a crane a cog wheel is attached worked by a pinion con-
sisting of two teeth, bars, or prongs by which the cog wheel can be revolved
either backward or forward, but which sustains a weight until power is
applied to revolve the pinion, inasmuch as the two teeth, bars, or prongs
thereof being levil or in a line with the centre of the said pinion, lock
the cog wheel; the whole can be worked by handle or spocket wheel, as
most convenient, and the power may be increased as desired by ordinary
gearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH AND CHRONOMETER CASES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Adams at the Office'
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1866.
I, THOMAS ADAMS, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH AND
CHRONOMETER CASES," to be as follows :-
Heretofore the front and back covers of watch and chronometer cases have
ordinarily been attached to the body of the case by a hinged joint, and how-
ever well such covers may be fitted they cannot be rendered sufficiently tight
altogether to exclude air and dust.
Now the object of my improvements is so to construct the parts that when
the covers are applied they not only exclude air and dust, but are rendered
fluid-tight and moisture proof. For this purpose, according to one mode of
carrying out my improvements, the jointing of the covers to the body of the
case is dispensed with, the parts which come together being formed with
accurately fitting surfaces. The covers are attached to the body of the case
by a mechanical adaptation and arrangement of the parts known as a
"bayonet joint," so that when the front or back cover is placed in position
and a partial rotation given thereto the cover will be drawn tightly to the
body by means of inclined surfaces formed on one of the parts, or one of the
parts may be formed with curved recesses to receive inclined projections or
bolts upon the other part, the inclined projections being caused to enter the
channels or recesses by giving a partial rotation to one of the parts.

page_text: In some cases I interpose between the surfaces of the covers and cases
which come together a ring of india-rubber (rendered permanently elastic, as
is well understood) or other suitable elastic or flexible material, thus rendering
cases so constructed air and water tight._
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT BLAST FOR SMELTING AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Pickering at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1866.
I, JONATHAN PICKERING, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOT BLAST FOR SMELTING AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-.
The blast is driven from the engine in the usual way through a tube to
which a pipe is connected, this pipe being divided into two branches, the
one is directed to the lower part of a fire enclosed in an oven in order to
supply oxygen for combustion, and the other branch is directed to a flame,
thereby driving a current of heated air similar to that produced by an
oxyhydrogen blow pipe, and so conducted to the blast furnace through a flue.
The heating furnace or oven is provided with a fire door; also valves are
fixed in the said branch pipes to shut when fuel is required. The application
of this hot blast may be used in any description of furnace where intense
heat is required.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREVENTING EGGS OF ALL KINDS PROM SPOILING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1866. A communication from abroad by Jesse Kersey Marsh,
of Terre Haute, in the State of Indiana, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREVENTING EGGS OF
ALL KINDS PROM SPOILING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination of certain chemicals, hereafter
described, which are dissolved in water in order to produce a liquid which will
harden the shell of the egg and render the membrane which encloses the
albuminous portion tough, thereby strengthening the membrane or film which
encloses the yolk, and thus preventing it from becoming settled or mixed
with the white of the egg, thus preserving the egg in a perfect state of
freshness until it may be needed for use.
The following are the chemicals used, and the proportion of each to one
gallon of water:-Take 9 oz. quick (slacked) lime, 3 oz. common salt, 29
grains (apothecaries weight) soda, 15 grains saltpetre, 18 grains cream tartar,
46 grains borax. This liquid is to be put in a tight vessel, open at top; then
spinkle the lime into the liquid till the bottom of the vessel is covered; then
add one layer of eggs; then sprinkle lime again, and so on until the vessel is
full, leaving the liquid one inch above the eggs; then cover the eggs with a
cloth and add a little lime on the top of the cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January 1866.
I, HENRY HARRINGTON, of Highbury New Park, in the County of Middle-.
sex, Ship Constructor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to submerged paddle or pallet wheels for propelling
vessels, which wheels are usually placed horizontally and below the water
line within cases in the vessel and with about one-fifth or sixth part of their
diameter projecting from the side of the ship, and my improvements consist
in applying what may be termed feathering floats or pallets to such submerged
wheels, whereby they are kept constantly at right angles to the vessel's motion
during the time they are projected from the vessel's side and while in the act of
propulsion; this feathering of the floats or pallets also prevents them in a great
measure from carrying round the water with them in their boxes or cases.
The feathering motion may be communicated to the floats or pallets much in
the usual way of feathering the floats of ordinary paddle wheels, each pallet
being mounted on an axis with a crank arm thereon connected with an
eccentric by a rod, as will be readily understood. These submerged wheels
I also furnish with a large hollow centre piece, which displaces water in
the case and gives buoyancy to the wheel; this hollow centre piece must of
course be of considerably smaller diameter than the paddle box or case.
The wheels may be disposed vertically as well as horizontally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hannah White Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
27th December 1866.
I, HANNAH WHITE SHAW, of Dublin, 88, Leinster Road, Rathmines, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES'
WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the outer garments commonly called jackets, and
consists in combining with and applying a burnous hood to the front of an
ordinary jacket, which garment is lined with an inner short jacket, the back
of which keeps the burnous hood in its place. This garment may be made
of any material, and the lining or inner jacket may be made of a material
suitable to the season. This improved garment possesses the advantages of a
jacket with the elegant appearance of the burnous cloak, and it may be made
with or without side seams.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SUSPENDING OR SUPPORTING TROUSERS, AND OTHER LIKE GARMENTS FROM THE PERSON
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1866.
I, JOHN JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Tailor and
Draper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SUSPENDING OR SUPPORTING TROUSERS, AND OTHER LIKE
GARMENTS FROM THE PERSON," to be as follows:-
Trousers and other like garments for covering and protecting the lower
parts of the body and the legs are usually suspended or supported from the
person by one of two methods, modes, or practices, viz., first, from the shoulders,
and, second, from the waist. Complaint is frequently and I believe justly
made of the inconveniences attending both of these methods. To the first,
amongst other objections, it is urged that braces prevent free movement of
the limbs and restrain breathing, and that all the principal garments are
suspended from the shoulders. To the second, that at times the waist fastening
becomes oppressively tight, and that, as ordinarily made, an unsightly gathering
of cloth is visible when the waist fastening is tightened. There are also many
persons who from their form are unable to adopt the waist fastening.
My improved method, which is not open to any of the objections above
mentioned, consists in suspending the class of garments named from a band
or belt fastened underneath the garment around the body, over the haunches,
and just above the bips. The means which I employ for connecting the
garment to the said band or belt consist of tags, hooks, buckles, or like

page_text: fastenings attached to the said band or belt, and of buttons, eyes, or straps
fastened to the garment. Two, more or less, one at each side, when drawn
together and fastened, connect and suspend or support a garment when being
worn in a neat and convenient manner. It will be obvious that the buttons,
eyes, or straps might be fastened to the band or belt, and the tags, hooks,
or buckles to the garment, and that other fastening connections might be
employed,
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBE AND BAR CUTTERS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wolstenholme and Thomas
Pendlebury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th October 1866.
We, JOHN WOLSTENHOLME, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, and
THOMAS PENDLEBURY, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBE AND BAR CUTTERS, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist chiefly in making the centre portion of a wrench
with two projecting parts, into one of which is placed two rollers or a recess to
receive the tube or bar of metal to be cut; on the other side of the same pro-
jecting part is fixed a handle forming one handle of the wrench. On the middle
bar from which the two said projecting parts proceed is placed a sliding block
acted upon by another handle screwed through the other projecting part; the
last-named handle will by being turned by the hand or other appliance cause
the before-named block to advance to or recede from the two rollers before
named as may be required. The said sliding block carries a tool box having
a cutting tool movable in a slot and set fast or loosened by a set screw. The
said tool box has a projecting part in front of the cutting edge of the cutting
tool, also another projecting part which fits into a groove or slot situate in
the before-named sliding block, and is movable on a pin passed through the
same.
The tube or bar to be cut less in diameter is placed against the two rollers
or recess before named, and the cutting tool is pressed against the opposite side

page_text: of the bar or tube, and the said projecting part of the tool box in front of the
cutting edge of the tool is also pressed against the bar or tube to be cut by
means of the handle before named, when by turning the wrench round it cuts
the bar or tube to a less diameter and prepares it for receiving a thread
thereon, whereby the process of filing is dispensed with, and the tube or bar
where required is screwed in a much less time than in the ordinary way.
We also use a circular cutter of the form and for the same purpose as that
for which Letters Patent was granted to John Wolstenholme, No. 3213, and
dated 26th December, 1864, and when a tube or bar is required to be cut in
two or more parts the pin which holds the said tool box is withdrawn and one
of the circular cutters is placed in the slot or groove before named and the
pin replaced; the apparatus can now be used for cutting tubes or bars of
metal into parts.
TS IN THE RAILS OR PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MEANS OF GUIDING AND RETAINING LOCOMOTIVES AND CARRIAGES THEREON FOR OBTAINING ADDITIONAL SAFETY IN TRAVELLING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cooke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May 1866.
I, JOHN COOKE, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMEI TS IN THE RAILS OR
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MEANS OF GUIDING AND RETAINING
LOCOMOTIVES AND CARRIAGES THEREON FOR OBTAINING ADDITIONAL SAFETY IN
TRAVELLING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved arrangements of the rails and surfaces
upon which the wheels of the locomotives and carriages travel, the construction
of the rails forming a tramway with an inside vertical rib or flange for guiding
the wheels, which are formed without any projecting rim or flange, guide
wheels or surfaces being affixed to the under side of the locomotive or carriages
to act against the inner sides or surfaces of the rails or tramways constructed
according to my Invention. I prefer to form the rail as shown at Figure 1
in the accompanying Drawing, which shows a transverse section of the per-
manent way of a railway, a, a, being the metal rails or tramways, firmly
bolted to the sleepers b, b. The vertical flange or rib a' serves to retain the
wheels of the carriages upon the flat tramway or surface a² of the rails a, the
inner sides of the rails a, a, serving as guiding surfaces for guide wheels or
guides fixed to the locomotive or carriages to act against. The rails a, a, may
be reversed when required. Tramways of this character may also be formed
by means of two longitudinal plates of metal, as shown at Figure 2.

page_text: The guiding surfaces may be lubricated by means of lubricating material
supplied thereto from a receptacle attached to the travelling guide. By tho
arrangement of rails and guides in accordance with my improvements great
additional safety is afforded in travelling thercon at high velocity.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Petty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March 1866.
I, ROBERT PETTY, of No. 13, Ford Street, Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Grease Manufacturer, do hereby declaro the nature of the said.
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
ropes. Heretofore it has been usual in the manufacture of ropes of hemp or
other fibro to grease the strands with tallow or rub them with soap. Now I
have discovered that it is an improvement in the manufacture to employ for
this purpose a composition consisting of resin, tallow, soda, soap, and clear
limo water. The following are about the proportions I prefer to employ,
28 lbs. of resin, 3 cwt. of tallow, 1 cwt. of soda, 1½ cwt. of soap, and 112
gallons of clear lime water. These materials are boiled together, and a
composition of the proper consistency obtained. This composition is better
adapted than is tallow or soap for the purpose for which it is used, and it is
also cheaper.
Iм- PROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BUNGS, 'SHIVERS,' PLUGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF A LIKE SHAPE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Cluderay at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th February 1866..
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL CLUDERAY, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Mechanist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BUNGS, 'SHIVERS,' PLUGS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF A LIKE SHAPE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the cutting of what are termed "shivers,"
bungs, and other articles of a like nature by machinery to be described,
instead of turning them by hand as is now customary. For this purpose I
apply to a framework, very similar to those used in drilling machines, a
table capable of sliding vertically by means of a foot lever; this table is
provided with an adjustable jaw to adapt it to receive various widths of
material to be operated upon. From the upper part of the frame a shaft
depends, free to revolve by means of ordinary driving apparatus. To the
lower end of this shaft I secure a slotted disc, to which a tapered or parallel
cutter is secured at any desired distance from the centre of the shaft,
dependant upon the diameter of the article to be cut. The vertical shaft
and cutter being put in motion, the foot lever is depressed, and the material
held by the jaw brought into contact with the cutter, until the same shall
have passed through and effected the desired result.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF FIXING THE COVERS OF GAS RETORTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Roger Stark and
James Woodman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th July 1866.
We, ALEXANDER ROGER STARK, Engineer, and JAMES WOODMAN, Commercial
Agent, both of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF FIXING THE COVERS
OF GAS RETORTS," to be as follows.―
In fastening the covers of gas retorts it is usual to employ a cross bai, the
ends of which are inserted in lugs projecting from the retort, and with a
screw and hand lever in the middle, which screw presses on the centre of
the retort cover. This fastening is somewhat troublesome to apply and
undo, and the pressure of the screw being in the centre of the cover it is
liable to spring off at the circumference, besides which the men are necessi-
tated to be in near proximity to the retort for a considerable length of time
when applying and removing the cover, and therefore subjected to great heat.
According to our Invention we use a cross bar, but which is simply dropped
into two hook-like lugs or projections in the same position as those above
mentioned, but in which our cross bar rotates as in bearings. Near the ends
of the cross bar we apply two cams which take a bearing on the retort cover
when the cross bar is notated, and press the said cover hard up to the retort,
the pressure taking effect near the circumference of the cover. We form a
hole or holes at midlength of the cross bar, into which we insert a rod of
some length, which is used as a lever to rotate the cross bar, it at the same

page_text: time serves to keep the workman at a distance from the retort, as he can lift
the cross bar by the said long rod and reach it into its bearings, into which it
is simply dropped, as before mentioned, and rotated by the leverage of the
long arm or rod a sufficient portion of a revolution to cause the cams to take
effect. The reverse operation serves to remove the pressure from the cover,
which is then free to be removed The cams are rapid in their action, that is
to say, do not require much extent of a revolution (say, one-fifth or sixth) to
bring them to bear; when hard up, however, they arrive at a slow part,
which prevents their retrograde movement.
AN IMPROVED TRAVELLING BAG
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Heusser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July 1866.
I, EDWARD NEUSSER, of 2, Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED TRAVELLING BAG," to be as follows
My Invention consists of an improved travelling bag in which two flaps or
divisions intended to receive fittings are jointed, hinged, or connected at their
lower ends to or with the main frame of the bag, and the flaps or divisions are
connected together at their upper ends by a fastening so constructed as to
form a hinge or Joint when its parts are engaged. A fastening suitable for
the purpose may be constructed by introducing into sockets or staples on the
flaps a removeable pin or bolt forming the axis of the hinge. The flaps or
divisions when fastened at top open and close with the main fiame, and when
open therewith, and yet fastened or hinged to each other at their top ends,
they stand up (preferably in an inclined position) so that their fittings are
presented to view and easily attainable; also surface and space are afforded
for fittings on their inner side. When the fastening is unfastened the flaps
will be separated at their upper edge, and can be turned down on opposite
sides of the bag when desired. I sometimes obtain additional space by forming
a recess or hollow at the bottom of the bag below and between the flaps or
divisions. The bag is especially adapted for receiving toilette fittings or toilette
articles.