matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PEN AND PENCIL HOLDERS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules René Chesneau, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PEN AND PENCIL HOLDERS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jules René Chesneau at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla-
ration, on the 22nd May 1861, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
RENÉ CHESNEAU, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PEN
AND PENCIL HOLDERS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and made solemn declaration that I am the true and first Inventor
thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jules René Chesneau, do hereby declaro
that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the application to pen and pencil holders of a

page_text: printed, embossed, or engraved scale, comprising the multiplication table, and
a calendar of the days of the week, month, and year, their increase and
decrease, the changes of the moon and seasons, the holidays, and other
indications of general utility. These scales, which may be printed or embossed
in any desired color on paper, tissue, sheet wood, leather, or other matters capable
of receiving impressions, are applied to the stalks of the pen or pencil holders
by any convenient fixing process. Or again, they may be printed, embossed,
or engraved directly on the stalks either by transfer, by dies, or by the burin.
If so desired, the arrangement of the multiplication table and calendar may
varied, so as to permit of their being employed separately instead of combined
as above. The scale being applied, the pen or pencil holder is finished off by
polishing, or by a coating of hard varnish, enamel, or glaze, according to the
nature of the material of which it may be composed.
be
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
of carrying it into effect; I declare that what I claim is, the application-as
above described to pen and pencil holders of printed, embossed, or engraved
scales, comprising the multiplication table and calendar, cither separately or
combined, as may be required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Renè Chesneau, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
J. R. CHESNEAU. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER BEASTS OF DRAUGHT AND BURDEN, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE METAL TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1861.
I, WILLIAM EDWARDS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND
OTHER BEASTS OF DRAUGHT AND BURDEN, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE METAL
TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows, that is to say:
My Invention consists in making the aforesaid shoes of metal prepared by
rolling together iron and steel, so that the wearing parts or surfaces of such
shoes will be of steel, and the remainder of iron. I thus obtain a light and
very durable shoe.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FORMING THE LEAVES OF ALBUMS, AND BOOKS FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC: PORTRAITS, AND VIEWS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Schloss at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1861.-A communication from abroad by Simeon Schloss, of
Paris, France.
I, JOSEPH SCHLOSS, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN FORMING THE LEAVES OF ALBUMS, AND BOOKS FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC:
PORTRAITS, AND VIEWS," (communicated to me from abroad by Simeon:
Schloss, of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
In the leaves as now made, the pictures are introduced into, and when
required removed from each leaf through an aperture or space made or
left at the side, top, or bottom, or through a slit made above the top or under
the bottom of the window, or space, made for showing the picture. Now in
this Invention neither such space, aperture, nor slit is made, but the leaves are
so put together that the pictures are introduced and removed through the
windows themselves.
The Invention consists in interposing between two sheets of paper with
windows cut therein, and which are intended to form the front and back of a
leaf of the album, or book, one or two thicknesses of stout paper, equal in
size to the window sheets, but without any parts removed, then in fixing along
the edge of these interposed pieces of paper, and on both sides thereof, a frame
or beading of card, or millboard, or other suitable material-extending inwards
from the edge, only about a quarter of an inch more or less. The two first

page_text: named sheets of paper are next attached to the cardboard frames, and the leaf
for the album or book is complete. The photographic picture is introduced
cornerwise through the window, and is worked into position by pressure of the
finger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE WATER CONVEYANCE AND DELIVERY OF COALS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Greaves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1861.
J, HUGH GREAVES, of 22, Abingdon Street, in the City of Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE
WATER CONVEYANCE AND DELIVERY OF COALS AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the more speedy and economical conveyance
of coals and other materials from the place of their arrival in port to any
depot within reach of water communication, and also for the more speedy and
economical delivery of the same at their destination. And my improvements
consist in the arrangement of a pontoon, vessel, or raft, on which I place one
or more lines of railway suitable for receiving trucks, carts, or waggons, in
which the coals or other materials are placed, and in which they are conveyed
from the place of arrival to that of their destination; and this I effect by
constructing a raft of pontoons or other suitable floating structure, upon which
I place a platform or other suitable framing, and thereon one or more lines
of railway, so as to accommodate the requisite number of trucks, carts, or
waggons. I employ as many of these floating rafts as circumstances may require,
uniting them at their extremities and navigating them by steam or other suit-
able means, as the circumstances of the navigation may require. I further
employ at the wharf or depot one or more slips, as may be necessary, to
accommodate one or more rafts, on each of which slips I place trucks (either

page_text: attached to or detached from the raft or rafts) in sufficient number to sustain
the weight of the raft together with its trucks and freight of goods; these I
cause to be floated over the slip and deposited thereon either by admitting
water into the pontoons or, when convenient to wait, by the reflux of the tide.
The raft with its load is then brought to its intended position at the quay or
wharf by floating it, or should the tide have receded from it, then by mechan-
ical means. When circumstances require that the raft (after it has been
unloaded) should not be detained at the quay or wharf until the tide floats it,
it may be lowered into the water by its own gravity, breaks or other suitable
means being employed for the purpose of checking its descent too rapidly
down the slip. The slip is then ready to receive another raft. The trucks,
carts, or waggons in which the goods are deposited are transferred from the
raft to the wharf by-means of a railway on the quay corresponding to that on
the raft, and from thence are conveyed into the depot, either on the level or
by an incline plane, when it is desirable to shoot them. By the foregoing
arrangements and combinations the transport and delivery of goods will be
greatly facilitated, and the labour and liability to injury greatly diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicolas Auguste Pouard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1861.
I, NICOLAS AUGUSTE POUARD, of Rue de l'Orillon, No. 15, (Mechanician,)
Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing on one of the axles of the locomotive a
toothed wheel (indicated in the accompanying Drawing by the letter A),
having a thread or worm within its nave. This wheel being presented to a
corresponding worm or thread upon the axle, the result will be that the
revolving axle will screw up in an instant, and from loose the wheel will
become fixed, and turning with the axle gear into the wheel B, which is twice
its diameter, and carries at its side a pulley C, having a ring D, which will
hold the end of a chain E, extending from this centre to and fastening upon
a chain beneath the tender, and so on to the end of the train. It becomes
evident that when the wheels turn, the chain E will roll up, advancing from
back to front, and, supposing that the pulley C has 24 inches diameter, in one
revolution thereof the chain E will take a turn of about 72 inches. One
part of the wheel B will be without teeth, and upon reaching this point, the
wheel A will turn alone and the wheel B be arrested. The last carriage of
the train will be provided with a windlass on which the chain E will enroll
from front to rear, and the roller will throw out of gear to facilitate the
unrolling of the chain when drawn forward by the pulley C, a click preventing
unrolling till required, but lifting at the first signal. The chain E carries at

page_text: intervals small chains F, connected to one end of the balance levers G, a
weight being at their other end. When the chain goes from front to rear
the balance levers will be raised by the power of the windlass, and when it is
drawn forward by the pulley C they will fall, and by their leverage turn the
shaft, which by its mechanism puts on the breaks H. I have filed the
annexed Drawings for the purpose of illustrating the Invention; but I claim
the right of modifying the construction of the apparatus during provisional
protection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC CABLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dicey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1861.
I, WILLIAM DICEY, of Waltham Abbey, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPHIC CABLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the covering or protecting of the "core'
which may be either of the ordinary or of any approved construction; and my
Invention consists in effecting or constructing the covering by ribbons or strips
of metal, applied or laid upon the core in a longitudinal direction not perfectly
in line therewith, but with a small amount of uniformly spiral twist around the
core, and with one edge of each ribbon or strip overlapping one edge of the
next or adjoining ribbon or strip. The ribbons or strips may be of copper
or Muntz's metal, or other suitable metal, and three or four may be em-
ployed; it is believed this number will be convenient for ordinary sizes, but
the number may be varied according to circumstances. It is proposed to
secure the ribbons or strips laid as above set forth by two or more narrow
binding strips of metal or other suitable material, also applied spirally, but
in the opposite direction to the first covering, or by a wire, or hempen, or other
convenient binding.
The objects are to secure (more or less, accordingly as the details are
varied) strength, lightness, elasticity, freedom from liability to kinks, and pro-
tection from decay in salt water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND CASES
Year: 1861

page_text: I LETTERS PATENT to Morris Hanff, of Tottenham Street, Tottenham Court
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Fancy Box Maker, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES AND CASES."
Sealed the 25th March 1862, and dated the 18th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Morris Hanff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1861.
I, MORRIS HANFF, of Tottenham Street, Tottenham Court Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Fancy Box Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES & CASES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of boxes & cases of what is usually
termed leather cloth, & of that kind used in the manufacture of cap peaks, in
combination with mountings or framings of metal, gutta percha, or other
suitable material.
This manufacture is principally adapted for collar & such like boxes, but
may be adopted for various kinds of fancy & other boxes or cases.
I form the body, bottom, & top of the cloth material, & connect the bottom
to the body by a metal or other ring or mounting. The bottom drops into

page_text: the mounting & rests on an internal flange, while the body of the box is
tightly inserted above it & held & fixed by the vertical part of the mounting.
The upper end of the body may be stiffened by a binding or lip of metal or
other material. The top or cover is furnished with a mounting similar to the
bottom one in which the cloth material is held, the mounting being fitted to
the lip or upper part of the body to slip on & off with the hold & facility
required. The cloth material mentioned is usually black, but it may be white
or colored as desired, according to the degree of ornament required in the box
or case manufactured. The mountings may be also more or less ornamental,
& perforated, & may be rivetted or otherwise secured if necessary to the cloth
material, to which they impart sufficient stiffness for the boxes required,
although the cloth material has in itself a considerable amount of stiffness.
Boxes of this manufacture may be round, oval, or any other shape desired,
the mountings being suitably prepared therefor. The junction of the material
forming the body may be assisted or formed by the metal mounting, or it may 1
be rivetted, sewn, or cemented. The bottom may also be cemented in to
render the box impervious to moisture.
GLAZING. OR CALENDERING BY STEAM, HORSE, OR WATER POWER, TEXTILE FABRICS WHICH HAVE BEEN WORN, MADE UP FOR USE, OR SEWN TOGETHER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fisken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1861.
I, JAMES FISKEN, of 17, Wharf Road, City Road, London, County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "GLAZING.
OR CALENDERING BY STEAM, HORSE, OR WATER POWER, TEXTILE FABRICS WHICH HAVE
BEEN WORN, MADE UP FOR USE, OR SEWN TOGETHER," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the application of steam, horse, or
water power, to the glazing of textile fabrics which have been worn, made up
for use, or sewn together.
The apparatus is attached to a strong transverse beam or iron rod, which is
elevated from the ground 10 feet and upwards, and consists of an iron suspended
lever about 3 feet & upwards in size, to which a joint is attached about 8 inches
from the top. This lever forms what is called the glazing stick, and at the
lower end a small iron case is made for inserting the pebble or flint which is to
come in contact with the fabrics. It is also perforated with holes so as to
adjust its sweep or stroke, and in any one of these holes there is a horizontal
lever attached, which in its turn is connected with another small horizontal
lever, and which being attached to a crank are all set in motion by steam,.
horse, or water power, and causing the first-named upright lever with the
pebble or stone attached to move backwards and forwards with any amount of
stroke or power it may be necessary to obtain. This lever is made to press

page_text: against a wooden or iron cradle by a compound leverage worked by the foot,
and between the cradle and the pèbble or stone the fabrics to be operated on
are placed, and are kept in their position by the person attending to the
apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WARDROBES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1861. A communication from abroad by Emmanuel Guyennet, residing
at Lyons, in France.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WARDROBES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of wardrobes in such a
manner that the object for which they are employed cannot be known without
previous knowledge, and that their use being so disguised they may be placed
in apartments where wardrobes of ordinary construction would be unsightly or
out of place.
The improvements consist in fixing a frame of any suitable size against a
wall, in which there may or may not be formed a recess, and in hanging to
this frame, by means of hinges, another frame filled in with a picture of any
description, so as to form a door to the wardrobe. This second frame is
imbellished in front, either by carving, gilding, or any other suitable method,
so as to appear as the frame of the before-mentioned picture. In the first-
mentioned frame, which is fixed against the wall, are placed upright spindles,
having arms attached at right angles to them, upon which clothes, &c., may
be hung, which spindles are held in sockets at the bottom of the frame in
which they are free to turn, and are attached to the top of the frame by means

page_text: of spiral springs, in such a manner that when the outer frame with the picture
constituting the door is opened, the spindles are turned round their axis by
the action of the springs till the before-mentioned arms stand out at right
angles, or nearly so, to the plane of the wall, and project out of the wardrobe.
The clothes or other articles may then be hung upon or taken off these arms
with facility, and then by closing the door the same, in pressing against the
arms of the spindles, turns them back into the wardrobe, which when thus
closed appears as a frame picture hung against the wall.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN SEATINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1861.
I, JOHN WILLIAM WILSON, of the Beevor Saw Mills, near Barnsley, in the
County of York, Timber Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN SEATINGS FOR THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in an improved combination and
arrangement of parts forming a vertical steam boiler, and the requisite flues
for conveying the products of combustion to the chimney. In performing my
Invention I make use, by preference, of a revolving fire-grate placed at the
lower part of the boiler; the products of combustion pass upwards through
tubes placed in a cylindrical shell forming the lower portion of the boiler,
between which and the upper portion of the boiler is a chamber which is in
communication with an external flue formed by the brickwork seating; the
upper and lower portions of the boiler are connected by a pipe through which
the water freely circulates, and the space between this pipe and the external
flue, and between the upper surface of the lower portion and the lower surface
of the upper portion of the boiler forms a combustion chamber, a door being
provided to admit air as required; the products of combustion pass from the
combustion chamber and circulate round the boiler, and are conveyed from the

page_text: bottom thereof into the chimney. The door to supply air to the combustion
chamber, the damper in the flue to the chimney, and the hopper plate to
regulate the feed of fuel are or may be acted upon by the pressure of the
steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES AND FOOTWAYS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Jeffreys at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1861.
I, JULIUS JEFFREYS, of Norwood, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF HOUSES AND FOOTWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of street galleries for foot passen-
gers, carried as bridges over crossings, and running along the level of the first
floor of houses, which are rendered thereby available for shops; these galleries
being formed of slabs of glass ground on the face for footing and due opales-
cence, and supported by frames, cross girders, beams, and pillars, all of iron;
the pillars hollow for the descent of water. To throw sideways into the lower
shops, the light descending through the glass footway of the galleries, the whole
of the space close under the glass and between the cross girders is occupied by
a system of oblong metallic reflectors in parallel lines, and pivoted like louvre
boards at their mid ends into the cross girders. The whole system of reflec-
tors lies therefore in one horizontal plane, while each one is tilted transversely
to any inclination. Each reflector is bent transversely to such a parabolic
curve that the rays of light falling upon it through the glass shall be thrown
clear of the reflector next in front of it and against the face of the shop. Its
concave face is coated with planished tin or glass enamel, and is turned house-
ward. All the reflectors are tilted on their pivots simultaneously by means of
rods running between their rows pinned to the lower edge of each, and con-

page_text: +nected to a longitudinal shaft turned on its axes by means of a lever or wheel
in each shop, which may thus be in any degree enlightened or thrown into
shade. This arrangement of parabolic reflectors in parallel rows, forming
together a system lying in a horizontal or inclined plane, is also applicable to
the lighting of houses under other circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING UP OR PACKING CHARGES OR SMALL QUANTITIES OF GUNPOWDER, DRUGS, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bentley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1861.
I, THOMAS BENTLEY, of Margate, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING UP OR PACKING
CHARGES OR SMALL QUANTITIES OF GUNPOWDER, DRUGS, OR OTHER ARTICLES," to be
as follows:-
The first part of this Invention has for its object improvements in the method
of making up or packing charges or small quantities of gunpowder for sale or
use, by which much danger will be avoided, and great convenience realized on
the part both of the vendors and users of gunpowder so packed or made up ;
and part of my Invention also consists in similar methods of making up or
packing drugs in doses, or other articles in small quantities suited to the
purpose for which such articles are required for use or consumption.
For making up or packing charges or small quantities of gunpowder accord-
ing to my Invention, I first prepare an outer case of paper, thin metal, or other
suitable material of a size and shape adapted for the purpose of containing such
a number of separate charges or quantities of gunpowder as may be desired by
the user; as each charge of gunpowder is deposited in the case (when making
up the packet) a thin cover or partition of paper or other suitable material is
placed over it and secured in position, so as to form a division between, and

page_text: thus separate the series of charges contained in the packet from one another,
and each cover or partition may be furnished with a string to withdraw it
from the case, or other means may be employed for removing or displacing the
same as each successive charge is required for use.
In place of forming the cells or compartments of each case or packet one
above the other in succession, as above described, they may be arranged side
by side and of different capacities, so that the contents of any particular com-
partment or cell may be withdrawn and used independently of or without
disturbing the contents of any of the other compartments; and part of such
cells or compartments may be filled with separate charges of shot if desired.
In like manner may drugs in doses, such as Seidlitz or other powders, be made
up or packed in cases, such as before described, and divided into separate cells
or compartments by suitable partitions; and other articles in small quantities
may be similarly made up or packed ready for use or consumption, according
to my Invention, by which improved method of packing articles in small
quantities, much convenience will be derived, and in many cases waste avoided
in the use or purpose for which such articles are required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry Dart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1861.
I, JOSEPH HENRY DART, of 5, Church Court, Clement's Lane, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to bo as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a pulp for the manufacture of
paper from a fibrous material well known and comparatively valueless, also
sufficiently abundant for the purpose. I propose forming this pulp from the
leaves which cover the cars of Indian corn, and which may be obtained in
unlimited quantities. It is to be pulped and bleached by the ordinary known
processes, and used either by itself or mixed with other pulped substances at
present in use, and in such proportions as may be desired for the production
of various qualities of paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING WIND DRAUGHTS AT THE FOOT OF DOORS, AND ALLOWING THEM TO OPEN OVER CARPETS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES WITHOUT THE USE OF RISING HINGES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Anthony Wheeler, of Swindon,. Wiltshire,
Manufacturer of Pastry Powder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREVENTING WIND DRAUGHTS AT THE FOOT OF DOORS, AND ALLOWING THEM TO
OPEN OVER CARPETS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES WITHOUT THE USE OF RISING
HINGES."
Sealed the 24th October 1861, and dated the 21st August 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Anthony Wheeler
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1861.
I, CHARLES ANTHONY WHEELER, of Swindon, Wiltshire, Manufacturer of
Pastry Powder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING WIND DRAUGHTS AT THE FOOT OF DOORS, AND
ALLOWING THEM TO OPEN OVER CARPETS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES WITHOUT THE USE OF
RISING HINGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of two pieces of moulding, the width of the door,
made in any kind of wood or metal, the lower or bottom piece much stouter
and heavier than the upper piece, and attached to each other by cords or
chains, leaving a space between the two pieces of moulding to allow the lower
moulding to rise and pass over the carpet or any other substance the door

page_text: may have to travel over. The upper
The upper piece of moulding is made fast to the
face of the door by screws or nails, or brads, suspending the lower piece of
moulding one-eighth of an inch or more from the floor; and in front of these
mouldings, between them and the door, is a piece of air-tight cloth or india-
rubber or other flexible material the width of the door, which flexible
material is attached to the upper piece of moulding or to the face of the door,
and which rests upon the floor, the lower piece of moulding being suspended
in the manner already described, rises and falls with the opening and shutting
of the door, and presses against the piece of flexible material, preventing any
wind or draught from entering the room.
The doors that this Invention is applied to may be cut as much shorter of
the opening (at the bottom) as the thickness of the carpets, or any other
substance the door has to travel over; and in all cases where this Invention
is applied, the door can be hung with the ordinary butt hinges, saving the
expense of the rising hinges, and the additional cost of labor in fixing them,
and the cutting away the top of the door.
IMPROVED ELECTRIC DANGER SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS AND OTHER COGNATE PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by Frederic. Barnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1861.
I, FREDERIC BARNETT, residing at No. 60, St. Mary Axe, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
ELECTRIC DANGER SIGNALS FOR RAILWAYS AND OTHER COGNATE PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
That accidents and collisions often occur on railroads from the fact of the
insufficient warning to drivers of coming trains at distances to enable the
drivers of engines to diminish their speed when approaching an obstruction.
To meet and remedy this evil, I hereby propose that between all stations on
railways there shall be on each side of the line (for the up and down trains)
tall posts erected, surmounted by round balls or other shaped signals of suffi-
cient size to be seen afar. These signals to work in grooves, and be sustained
in their places each by a catch connected with a galvanic pile or battery; the
communication between the said galvanic pile or battery and the moveable
ball or other shaped signal shall be at the station on either side of the said
post or posts, supporting each a moveable ball or other suitable signal of what-
ever shape, by means of which connection the person at the station or else-
where in charge will be able, by completing the circuit of electricity to cause
these moveable signals to fall (at the distance of many miles) from the upper
to the lower part of the groove on the signal post. Thus during the day

page_text: giving abundant notice to drivers to arrive cautiously, and avoid collisions.
For. night signals, I propose that the same or other similar tall signal posts
shall be surmounted by electric lamps, having the half only clear facing the
arriving train, the other half dark, to avoid misleading trains coming in an
opposite direction. The light side will be constructed of glass of the desired
color, with a reflector behind it. The power of lighting the said lamps will
be in the hands of the manager of the same signals at the stations between
which they will be situated. These lamps, when properly charged, may be
instantaneously lighted at several miles distance, and be burnt till the danger be
passed, and by interrupting the circuit of electricity be as easily extinguished.
This system will equally apply to all cognate purposes. Common lamps
may also be adopted with screens to blind the light to be let fall by electricity.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS COMMONLY CALLED "GINS," FOR CLEANING COTTON FROM SEEDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Platt and William Richardson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th July 1861.
We, JOHN PLATT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, and WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of the same Place, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS COMMONLY CALLED "GINS," FOR CLEANING
COTTON FROM SEEDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in exposing the delivering rollers to the action of a
current of air, whereby they are prevented from "lapping," and the collection
of the material from one or a series of machines is facilitated. To this end
we use a fan which exhausts air from a casing adapted to the said rollers,
and this fan may be employed in conjunction with one machine, or with a
series.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWING LEATHER FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cabourg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1861.
I, THOMAS CABOURG, of 333, Rue Saint Martin, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 42, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWING LEATHER FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, that
is to say-
The object of my Invention consists in the construction of a machine which
will a form a thread upon a continuous length of brass wire, and at the same
time cause it to penetrate by screwing into any portion of leather or such like
material so as to unite them in one. For instance, if it be applied to unite the
upper leather or vamp of a boot or shoe with the sole or soles, it is only requisite
to present the materials to be united to the tapped end of the wire, and the.
rotation caused by the machine will enable it to penetrate (without the necessity
of having any hole 'made) into the leather to be joined, and when sufficient
length is introduced it is by means of mechanism cut close to the edge of the
material. The machine by which this is effected consists of a pulley with a
large groove, upon which the wire to be tapped is wound.. The wire when
uncoiled from the pulley passes through a hollow axle, which gives it a motion
of rotation in a plane perpendicular to the direction of its course when
unwound from the pulley, hence it has imparted to it a progressive spiral

page_text: motion, and in this way enters the tapping plate, and has the thread cut upon
it from the plate. It passes through a guide and then enters into the materials
to be united, and after penetrating them to a sufficient depth it is cut by a
pair of knives, which (by means of the motion of the wire and the disposition
of the knives) give it an oblique cut, so as to form a sharp point upon the
succeeding part of the wire, which enables it to enter more easily the material
when in its turn it is brought into position. The knives are brought into
action by means of a series of levers and treadle, or by any other well-known
means.
The machine is placed upon a frame, and may be worked by hand or other
motive power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS FOR HARNESS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Smithies and John Jackson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
23rd January 1861.
We, DAVID SMITHIES, of Rochdale Road, in the City of Manchester,
Heald Knitter, and JOHN JACKSON, of Holyrood Terrace, Queen's Park, near
the City of Manchester, Salesman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS FOR HARNESS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in dispensing with the knot or knots
forming the eye of the heald, and in so constructing healds that when the eye
and the clasps are worn the threads forming the heald can be moved to displace
the portions that are worn, and replace them by other portions that are not
worn, or the thread forming the eye can be moved separately from the threads
forming the clasps.
A convenient mode of performing our Invention is as follows:-The threads
of which the healds are made are wound on a beam or beams, and divided into
three sets, which are acted upon by the leaves of a loom or other machine, in
which the heald is to be made. The set No. 1 is raised, and Nos. 2 and 8 are
sunk, No. 1 is then secured to a tab.or heading, and Nos.-2-and-8-are-secured
to another tab or to two tabs, they are then crossed to bring No. 1 under
No. 2 and over No. 8; No. 8 passing under No. 1 and over No. 2; No. 3
is then sunk, and Nos. 1 and 2 are raised; No. 3 is then secured to a tab, and
Nos. 1 and 2 to another tab or to two tabs. No. 1 is then folded and secured

page_text: at the other end to Nos. 1 and 2; No. 3 is also folded and secured at the other
end to Nos. 8 and 2, the staves are then applied to complete the heald or
harness for weaving.
IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE DRAUGHT IN OPEN FIRE-PLACES, THE SAME APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO DEADENING OR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN SUCH FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cradock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1861.
I, EDWARD CRADOCK, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Watch-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE DRAUGHT IN OPEN FIRE-PLACES, THE SAME
APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO DEADENING OR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN SUCH
FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is either to increase the draught in open fire-
places, or to put out or deaden fires therein, and I propose to do either by the
same apparatus. I place my apparatus either behind or in front of the
chimney breast. It may consist of an iron plate or blower, having fixed at
the back thereof (near the edges) two racks. A spindle bearing two pinions
is to be supported that the pinions gear into the racks. On one end of the
spindle a pinion is fixed, which gears into a toothed wheel. On the front of
the chimney breast, or of the apparatus, the head of a square spindle slightly
projects. A knob, bent spanner, or other winder will serve to turn this spindle
either way. On turning one way the plate or blower is (by the mechanism
before mentioned) made to descend towards, and if desired, over the grate
even to the hearthstone. When the plate is lowered a little below the mantle-
piece, so as partially to cover the opening of the grate, it acts as a blower, and
causes an increase of draught, if lower still, a greater draught, but if it be
lowered before the bars and below them, it will diminish the draught and

page_text: deaden the fire, if lower still, or to the hearth, it will put the fire out, and also
act as a chimney board, preventing downward draught or fog from entering
the chamber; winding the reverse way causes the plate to rise. Or I may
dispense with the square spindle, toothed wheel, and pinion on the end of the
spindle first mentioned, by placing a nave or boss, furnished with spokes, at
either end of the said spindle, and leave an opening by which the spokes can
be worked by hand, Or the boss may have holes in it, and be worked by a
small lever similar to working a ship's windlass. This opening can be closed
by an ornamented door or other contrivance. Or for kitchens or ordinary
rooms I may place the plate or blower in grooves, pass a chain from its centre
over a pulley (the block being in the chimney breast), draw up the plate, and
fix the chain on hooks, or otherwise. Instead of a plate bars placed horizontally
(as for revolving shutters) may be used, or more than one plate may be
employed, and the plate or plates may be cast to represent ornamental designs
if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING SERRATED SURFACES ON ROLLERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knowles, Peter Aldred,
aud John Haworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th June 1861.
We, THOMAS KNOWLES, Machinist, PETER ALDRED, Licensed Victualler, of
the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and JouN HAWORTH, of
Salford, in the said County, Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING
SERRATED SURFACES ON ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates especially to the rollers of temples used in weaving
fabrics, and consists of a duplex machine with two tools, one at the back, and
the other at the front, the faces of the said tools having surfaces made to
correspond with the design or peculiar form of the serrated surface required
on the rollers. The roller and tools being placed in the machine, a revolving
motion is given to both the tools and roller, and as they come in contact, the
rollers receive the impression from the tools, thus giving or raising the peculiar
serrated surface required.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY BUFFER
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1861.
I, GEORGE WILSON, junior, of Sheffield, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF
RAILWAY BUFFER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct buffers which shall be better
able to sustain the exceptional as well as the ordinary shocks to which they
are exposed, than those in common use. Hitherto it has been the practice to
construct the buffer box of cast iron, which is sufficiently strong to ensure the
stability of the buffer while acting to neutralize a direct thrust or blow; but
when the plungers of such buffers receive an angular blow, to which they are
liable when a train is stopped or retarded in its progress over a sharp curve,
the buffer boxes will not unfrequently break, and render a serious accident
imminent.
To avoid this I propose to form the buffer boxes of wrought iron, and by
preference to make them cylindrical. To the outer end of the box I fit a
gland to receive the plunger of wrought iron, and this gland I secure in
position by means of lateral screws. The inner end of the box I form with a
flange to receive a wrought-iron end plate, which is secured thereto by rivets.
The rod which couples the plunger to the box passes through the centre of
this plate, and it is secured in position by a nut applied to the tapped end
of the coupling rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred James Beer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1861.
I, ALFRED JAMES BEER, of Canterbury, in the County of Kent, Brewer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
VALVES OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the valves of steam and other motive
engines relates to a means of reducing the pressure of steam on the slide valves
of engines, and thereby reducing the friction of the working surfaces, and
consists in constructing on the back of the slide valve a shallow cylinder, which
communicates with the interior of the exhaust port of the valve by means of a
small hole. In this cylinder is fitted a piston, which is secured to the face of
the back plate, and is provided with suitable metallic or other packing, so as
to form a steam-tight joint in the shallow cylinder. The face of the back
plate rests upon antifriction wheels or rollers, which are placed by the sides or
ends of the valve in the steam chest. Steam being admitted to the steam
chest, will act with the same pressure on the back of the back plate, as is due
to the area of the piston in the shallow cylinder, and the back plate being
supported on the antifriction rollers, and properly balanced in the steam chest,
the friction of the working parts or faces of the valve and ports will be
considerably diminished.
In valves of large size it may be necessary to employ two or more shallow

page_text: cylinders of moderate dimensions instead of a single cylinder of an area corre
sponding to the size of the valve.
Any number of antifriction rollers that may be found most convenient may
be employed, and they may be placed in the most convenient part of the
steam chest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Kirkman Bayley, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner; Thomas Harrison, of the same
Place, Carder; William Briggs, of the same Place, Manager; and Robert
Parker, of Atherton, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle and Flyer
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 17th December 1861, and dated the 5th September 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Kirkman Bayley,
Thomas Harrison, William Briggs, and Robert Parker, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th September
1861.
We, JAMES KIRKMAN BAYLEY, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner; TпомAS HARRISON, of the same Place, Carder;
WILLIAM BRIGGS, of the same Place, Manager; and ROBERT PARKER, of
Atherton, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle and Flyer Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,'
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to the machines for preparing called slubbing

page_text: frames, roving frames, and jack frames, and to the machines for spinning
called throstles and mules. The nature of our Invention consists in giving
about twice the usual amount of twist to the roving that is formed on the
slubbing frame, and in driving the spindles by the usual gearing, but we
dispense entirely with the gearing now employed for driving the bobbins,
which aro taken round by the drag of the roving. The bobbins formed on
the slubbing frame are taken to the roving or jack frame and there made to
revolve in order to unwind the whole or the greater part of the twist that had
been given in the previous machine; by this means the roving entering the
drawing rollers is almost or entirely free from twist, and therefore in the best
condition for being drawn in these frames; also the spindles are or may be
driven as usual, and the gearing for driving the bobbins dispensed with; the
bobbins or spools from the roving or jack frames are taken to the spinning
machino and there unwound to remove the twist, as before described. By
means of these improvements the machinery is simplified, the labor of the
attendant is reduced, and a greater amount of work is produced.