Improvements in Attaching Pneumatic Tyres to the Rims of Wheels.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 9th Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Attaching Pneumatic Tyres to the Rims of
Wheels.
We, CHARLES HENRY GUEST and LOUIS BARROW, both of Tower Works,
Tower Road, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Cycle Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the attachment of pneumatic tyres to the rims of wheels
by means of wires passed through the tubular edges of the jackets or covers of
such tyres.
According to our invention each wire instead of being of about the same length as
the tubular passage is made two, three or more times the length, one convolution of
such wire being passed through the tubular edge whilst the other convolution or
In practice
convolutions may be either inside the tubular edge or outside the same.
we find it advantageous to make the wire twice the length of the tubular edge, one
convolution being in the tubular edge and the other outside the same; the ends of
the wire are also connected in such a manner that when the two convolutions are
lying side by side they will have a diameter less than the largest diameter of the
rim. In applying a tyre having such attaching wires the diameter of the
convolution of the wire inside the tubular edge is enlarged at the expense of
the other convolution to such an extent that it will pass over the edge of the rim.
When so passed over it is contracted to less than its normal diameter and the other
convolation is expanded and passed over the rim. When both convolutions are on
the rim and are of the same diameter they cannot slip off the rim when the air-
chamber is inflated.
Instead of connecting the ends as hereinbefore described we leave the same loose
and in this case we pass the convolutions of the wire (preferably three) through the
tubular edge of the jacket, the several convolutions lying one against the other.
In attaching a tyre with this latter form of fastening the projecting ends of
the wire are pushed more or less into the tubular edge of the jacket or cover so as
to increase the diameter of the convolutions of the wire sufficiently to pass over
the outer edge of the rim. After the tyre is placed in position the projecting ends
are pulled to reduce the diameter of the convolutions of the wire sufficiently to
draw the edges of the jacket into the groove or channel of the rim. When the
air-chamber is inflated the jacket will be firmly held without any fastening of the
wire, the pressure of the air-chamber against the jacket producing sufficient friction
to prevent the wires from slipping.
...
ليم
Tahmar 1893
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Attaching Pneumatic Tyres to the Rims of
Wheels.
We, CHARLES. HENRY GUEST and LOUIS BARROW, both of Tower Works,
Tower Road, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention relates to the attachment of pneumatic tyres to the rims of

page_text: Figure represents a section of a rim of a wheel shewing a pneumatic tyre
applied thereto according to our invention by wires having two coils or convolutions:
Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating one of the wires before insertion :
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of the coil after insertion:
Figure 4 is a similar view to Figure 1 but shewing the tyre or jacket
cemented along one edge, the other edge only being secured by means of the two
convolutions of wire:
Figure 5 is a similar view to Figure 1 but shewing the edges secured by wires
having three convolutions:
Figure 6 is a similar view to Figure 5 but shewing the tyre or jacket cemented
along one edge, the other edge being secured by means of the three convolutions of
wire :
Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view of one of the wires having three convolutions,
before insertion :
Figure 8 is a diagram shewing the coil after insertion :
Figures 9 and 10 are diagrams of the coil illustrating how it is manipulated to
attach the tyre to or remove it from the rim of a wheel.
The dotted lines in the coil diagrams Figures 3, 8, 9, 10 indicate the portions of
the coil within the tubular edge or edges of the cover, and the full lines the portions
of the coils outside the cover.
Similar letters in all the figures represent similar or corresponding parts.
a is the rim of the wheel, the inflatable tube or air-bag, and the jacket or
cover formed with tubular edges d in the usual manner.
According to the mode of carrying out our invention shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3
we employ a wire about twice the length of the tubular edge, one convolution being
within the tubular edge d and the other, composed of the ends of the wire, without
the tubular edge.
In order to fix the tyre to the rim a the cover and air-bag having been placed
around the rim the convolution of the wire within one of the tubular edges d of the
cover or jacket c is enlarged at the expense of the other convolution to such an
extent that it can be passed over the edge of the rim. Having been so passed it is
contracted and the ends of the wire without the tubular edge and forming the other
convolution are passed over the rim; the ends of the wire being now drawn
together are hooked or otherwise detachably connected together as shewn at k,
Figure 3. The other edge of the cover is manipulated in a similar manner and
when the two convolutions on each side are on the rim they are of the same
diameter and cannot slip off the rim when the air-chamber is inflated. To remove
the cover it will only be necessary to unhook the wires and loosen the coils.
For connecting the ends of the wires we prefer to employ the arrangement
described in Specification No. 1688 of 1893 but other means of detachably
connecting them may be employed.
In Figure 4 one edge of the jacket is shewn cemented or otherwise suitably
attached to the rim, the other edge being attached by a wire having two convolutions
as described with reference to Figures 1 to 3.
In cases where we attach the tyre by wires having three convolutions as
illustrated in Figures 5, 8, 9, and 10 we take for each edge a wire of a length
slightly greater than three times the circumference of the channel of the rim and
form the same into three coils as is shewn in Figure 7 and pass one end thereof

page_text: through a suitable hole into the tubular edge d of one side of the cover c com-
mencing, say, at e, Figure 8, and carry it around inside the said edge for about one
revolution; the wire is then brought outside the edge d, at say f, and passed about.
half around the outside of the cover c, as shewn at g, until about the point h when
it is again passed through the edge d for a complete revolution, and at i it is again
brought outside the said edge and passed around the outside of the same up to j,
where the two ends of the wires are united together in any suitable manner, such as
by twisting the ends together and then soldering them.
To apply the tyre with its coils in the edges of the cover, the air-tube is placed.
on the rim and the diameters of the two convolutions of the wire inside one of the-
edges are enlarged at the expense of the convolution which is outside the cover (as.
shewn in Figure 9) to such an extent that the two said convolutions can be passed
over the edge of the rim a of the wheel into the channel of the rim. The two.
convolutions having been passed over the edge of the rim, are then contracted to.
less than their normal diameter by enlarging the other convolution, as shewn in
Figure 10, which convolution is then passed over the rim. The other edge of the
cover is then manipulated in a similar manner. On the air-tube being inflated the
three convolutions of the wires will lie side by side, as clearly shewn in Figure 5.
within the rim so that they cannot slip off, the tyre being thereby securely attached
to the rim.
To get at or remove the air-chamber the convolution of the wire outside the.
cover is first enlarged, as shewn in Figure 10, and being slipped over the rim the
other two convolutions of the wire are then enlarged, as shewn in Figure 9, when.
the air-chamber can be removed.
It will be observed that in order to get sufficient slack to take the cover off and.
put it on by means of the arrangement of endless coil herein before described with
reference to Figures 5, 8, 9 and 10 the coil should consist of at least three
convolutions of wire.
In Figure 6 we have shewn our wire with three convolutions as applied to-
one edge of the cover, the other edge being cemented or otherwise attached to
the rim.
Although in practice we have found it advantageous to connect or secure the
ends of the wire as hereinbefore described yet we wish it to be understood that the
ends of the wire may be left loose when about three convolutions of wire at least.
are used as the friction will then be sufficient to secure the wire. In this case the
three convolutions of the coil may be passed through the tubular edge of the cover,
the several convolutions lying one against the other within the tubular edge_and
the ends of the wire may project outside the cover. When the tyre has been.
placed in position the projecting ends of the wire are pulled in opposite directions
to reduce the diameter of the convolutions of the wire sufficiently to draw the
edges of the cover into the groove or channel of the rim, the ends of the wire being
tucked in between the said cover and the rim. When the air-chamber is inflated
the cover will be firmly held without it being necessary to fasten the ends of the
wire, the pressure of the air against the cover producing sufficient friction to
prevent the wires from slipping. In this case the wire we employ is as shewn in
Figure 7 and when passed into the tubular edge of the rim the convolutions lie side
by side as shewn in that figure, the ends of the wire projecting outside the tubular
edge of the cover. Also instead of leaving one complete convolution outside the
cover as hereinbefore described, such convolution may be arranged partly within.
the cover so that only a part of a convolution is outside the cover.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A pneumatic tyre cover having tubular edges in combination with coils of
wire having two convolutions, one of the convolutions of each coil lying respectively
within the tubular edges of the jacket or cover and the other wholly or partly

page_text: without it, the ends of each coil being hooked or otherwise detachably connected
together, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
drawing.
2. A pneumatic tyre cover having one of its edges adapted to be attached to the.
rim of a wheel by a coil of wire having two convolutions, the other edge being
connected or otherwise suitably attached to the rim, substantially as described by
reference to Figures 3 and 4 of the drawing.
3. A pneumatic tyre cover having tubular edges in combination with endless
coils of wire having three convolutions, two of the convolutions of each coil being
respectively within the tubular edges of the jacket or cover and the other
convolution of each coil wholly or partly outside such tubular edge, substantially as
herein before described with reference to Figures 5, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying
drawing.
4. A pneumatic tyre cover having one of its edges adapted to be attached to the
rim of a wheel by a coil of wire having three convolutions, the other edge being
cemented or otherwise suitably connected to the rim, substantially as described by
reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying drawing.
5. A pneumatic tyre cover having a tubular edge in combination with a coil of
wire having about three convolutions of wire at least, the coil being passed through
the tubular edge of the jacket and the free projecting ends lying in the groove or
channel of the rim and being retained in place by friction, substantially as
herein before described.
Dated the 8th day of November 1892
"
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.