IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE KNOWN AS * ECONOMISERS' OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER, OR FOR GENERATING STEAM.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Sykes of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Engineer for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE KNOWN AS
* ECONOMISERS' OR APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER, OR FOR GENERATING
STEAM.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Sykes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1882.
THOMAS SYKES of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE KNOWN AS "ECONOMIZERS" OR APPARATUS FOR
HEATING WATER OR FOR GENERATING STEAM."
My improvements refer firstly to the pipes or tubes used in that class of
apparatus known as " Economizers" employed in heating water used for supplying
steam boilers or for other purposes or for generating steain, and consist in arrange-
ments by which I obtain an increased amount of heating surface and a more rapid
circulation of the water passing through the aforesaid pipes or tubes. For this
purpose instead of using a number of separate single pipes or tubes as heretofore I
use a series of compound pipes or tubes consisting of two or more pipes or tubes
which are formed by casting or otherwise through the interior of which the water
to be heated is caused to circulate.
Upon the extremities of the said compound pipes or tubes I cast or otherwise
attach bosses, sockets faucets or flanges such bosses sockets faucets or flanges being
formed taper or of other suitable form for passing into or being attached to
corresponding sockets or parts formed in or upon the chambers or boxes by means
of which the water is supplied to or taken from the aforesaid pipes or tubes the
aforesaid boxes or chambers also serving to connect the aforesaid pipes together.
In order to remove the soot or other matter deposited upon the external surfaces
of the compound pipes or tubes before named I employ a scraper or scrapers of a
form corresponding to the external contour of the said pipes or tubes such scraper
or scrapers being traversed to and fro longitudinally upon the before named pipes
or tubes by any suitable mechanism,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Sykes in the Great Seal Patont Office on the
12th October 1882.
"
THOMAS SYKES of Manchester in the County of Lancaster Engineer
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE KNOWN AS "ECONOMISKUS OR APPARATUS FOR
HEATING WATER OR FOR GENERATING STEAM
.
My improvements refer firstly to the pipes or tubes used in that class of
apparatus known as "economisers" employed in heating water used for supplying
Steam Boilers or for other purposes or for generating steam and consist in arrange-
ments by which I obtain an increased amount of heating surface and a more rapid
circulation of the water passing through the aforesaid pipes or tubes. For this
purpose instead of using a number of separate single pipes or tubes as heretofore I
use a series of compound pipes or tubes consisting of two or more pipes or tubes
which are formed by casting or otherwise through the interior of which the water
to be heated is caused to circulate. Upon the extremities of the said compound
pipes or tubes east or otherwise attach bosses, sockets, faucets or flanges such
busses sockets faucets or flanges being formed taper or of other suitable form for
passing into or being attached to corresponding sockets or parts formed in or upon
the chambers or boxes by means of which the water is supplied to or taken form
the aforesaid pipes or tubes, the aforesaid boxes or chambers also serving to
connect the aforesaid pipes together. In order to remove the sont or other matters
deposited upon the external surfaces of the compound pipes or tubes before named
1 employ a scraper or scrapers of a form corresponding to the external contour
of the said pipes or tubes such scraper or scrapers being traversed to and fro
longitudinally upon the before named pipes or tubes by any suitable mechanism.
In order that my invention may be more thoroughly understood and more readily
carried into effect 1 will now proceed to more particularly describe the samu
reference being made to the drawings hereunto annexed Fig: 1 is a verticul
side elevation Fig: 2 an end view and Fig: 3 a plan in section taken upon the
line A B of Fig: 1. of so much of what is known as au economiser us is
requisite to illustrate my improvements Figs: 4 and 5 being detached portions
shewn upon an enlarged scale Similar letters of reference are applied to corre-
sponding parts throughout the whole series of figures At, is the onlinary cross
pipe through which the water to be heated is supplied to the horizontal pipes b, such
horizontal pipes supplying water to the vertical pipes c, communicating with a
number of horizontal pipes d, connected together by means of a horizontal pipe o,
which receives the water after passing through the vertical pipes c, as will bo
hereinafter explained. The pipose of the economiser are enclosed within the
lue along which the heated gases employed to heat the water passing through
the vertical pipes e travel in the direction of the arrow C as will be well understood
by persons conversant with "conomisers" It is to the vertical pipes e that my
improvements relate-In the ordinary construction of "economisers" each pipe of
the series of vertical pipes consists of a simple pipe, but I employ a series of
compound pipes in place of the single ones above referred to, by which I am enabled
to obtain an increased amount of healing surface Fig: 4 is a vertical section of
one of the vertical pipes 6, taken at right angles to the plane of Fig 1 and Fig: 5 is
a cross section thereof taken in a plane at right angles to Fig: 4-Through each
of the vertical pipes c 1 form (in this instance) three longitudinal thoroughfares
gg'. y each communicating at the ends with the top and bottom pípés d. b.
These three thoroughfares g. g'. g² constitute separate pipes the outside surfaces of
44
T

page_text: which present a greater area to the heated gases passing along the flue than would
be done by that of a round simple pipe, the internal capacity of which would be
equal to that of the three pipes g. g. g and which said simple pipe would present
a greater amount of obstruction to the gases passing along the flue f-In order to
connect the three thoroughfares g. g. g. of tho compound pipe c to the horizontal
pipes b. d. I form upon the extremities of the pipes c circular extended flanges or
faucets h. j. The circumference of the flange or faucet h upon the lower end of the
pipe c I form conical and upon the lower pipe b I form a corresponding conical
flange or socket to receive the same. The flange or faucet jupon the upper end
of the pipe c and the interior of the flange or collar 7, upon the horizontal pipod to
receive the faucet or flange jare also formed conical-The horizontal pipes & are
provided with the ordinary caps n for closing openings formed in the said pipes d
through which openings the interiors of the pipes c may be examined or cloaned
when desired
Figs G. 7. illustrate another manner of forming the flanges or faucets upon tho
ends of the pipes c In this instance 1 form the flanges or faucets hj upon the
extremities of the pipe c instead of forming the flanges or faucets so as project
beyond the ends of the pipe C as shewn in Fig: 4-I have hitherto shown and
déscribed the vertical compound pipes with their flanges or faucets as being cast
or formed in one piece only, but in some cases I propose to use separate pipes with
faucets or flanges attached thereto as shown in Figs: 8 and 9. Fig: 9 being a section
at right angles to Fig: 8. At n. n. n² are pipes formed by drawing rolling casting
or in any usual manner their extremities boing passed and secured into flanges or
faucets o. p. by screwing brazing swaging or in any other suitable manner, the
flanges or faucets o. p. enabling the separate pipes . n. n² to be secured to the
horizontal pipes b. d in a manner similar to that described in reference to Figs : 1.
2. 3. 4 and 5 If it be thought desirable the flanges or faucets formed upon the
pipes n. nn may project beyond the ends of the said pipes in a similar manner
to those shown at h. j. Fig: 4-1 have hitherto referred to the vertical compound
pipes as being formed with three thoroughfares but it will be readily understood
that the said compound pipes may have two or more thoroughfares formed therein
if desired as shewn in Fig. 10 in which is shown a compound pipe with four
thoroughfares q. q'. q. q. In order to remove the soot or other matter that may
be deposited upon the outside of the vertical pipes c I provide the said pipes
with what are commonly designated scrapers-The edges of such scrapers I form
so as to correspond with the external contour of the vertical pipes before described.
At . 8. are two frames capable of being slidden upward and downward upon
the vertical pipes c by incans of a chain t which passes partially around a
pulley u the ends of the chain t being fastened to rods v. v passing through and
secured to the frames r. 8. respectively Upon the lower parts of the rods v. v
below the frames 2. 8 are mounted cross bars w. respectively through which the
rods v. vare at times capable of being slidden as will be hereinafter described the
aforesaid cross bars w. x being retained upon the rods v. v by means of pins 3.
passing through them-The ends w³. w² . x of the cross bars w z slide in contact
with the vertical pipes c. c². c. c' such pipes acting as guides to the cross bars w. x.
for a purpose which I shall hereinafter point out-The frames 7. 8 are provided
with arms r. s¹ respectively partially embracing the vertical pipes c these arms?. 8'
support the scrapers 1. 2. 3. 4 upon which are formed inclined projecting parts 1º.
2. 3. 4 supported by inclines formed within the arms ra¹ which embrace the
vertical pipes c. The upper and lower ends of the scrapers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I form of
a contour corresponding with that of the portion of the vertical pipes c against
which they rest so that as the said scrapers are traversed to and fro longitudinally
along the pipes c the ends of the said scrapers will remove the soot or other deposit
from the outer surfaces of the said pipes The scrapers 5. 6 acting upon the backs
of the vertical pipes which compose the rows D, E respectively of vertical pipes c
are formed with two projecting parts G. H (shown more clearly in the detached
view Fig: 11) formned as inclines by which they are supported upon the projecting

page_text: arms 8 of the frames r. -To avoid confusion I have shewn the scrapers upon a
few only of the vertical pipes in the various figures of the drawings. At 7. 8
Fig: 12 is shewn a form of scraper which may be used when such scrapers are
applied to a compound pipe having four thoroughfares-The pulley a is rotatud
backwards and forwards alternately in any ordinary manner so as to cause the
frames 7. 8 with their scrapers to be alternately raise and lowered, during such
raising and lowering of the frames r. 8. and their scrapers the cross bars w. x. serve
as guides to keep the frames 7. 8 square with the vertical pipes c when one or other
of the frames 7. 8 descends ono or other of the cross bars w. will arrive in contact
with the lower flanges or faucets h of the vertical pipes cl. c. c. ct upon which they
slide, its descent being thereby arrested and in order that a further descent of the
said frame may take place the rods v v' are made so as to be capable of being slidden
through the cross bars w.. but upon the said frame ascending the cross bar will
be again raised by the pin which passes through the rod of the said frame. The
water to be heated or converted into steam is supplied to the horizontal pipo a by
the pipe at the end a² of the pipe a being closed by a plate the water passes
from the pipe a into the horizontal pipes & the ends b' of which are closed, from the
pipes the water passes into the vertical pipes c and during its passage through
the said pipes becomes heated by the action of the gases passing along the flue in
the direction of the arrow C-The water from the vertical pipes e passes into the
horizontal pipes & the extremities of which are closed but which pipes communicate
with the horizontal pipe c by means of the short vertical pipes through which
the water may pass into the said pipe e from which it may be conducted for any
desired purpose I have hitherto described the compound pipes as being applied to
what are known as "economises" in which such pipes are placed in a vertical
position, but when such compound pipes are used for the purpose of generating
steam they may be placed in a vertical, inclined, or horizontal position as may bo
desired and may be used with or without scrapers-Having thus described and
ascertained the nature of any said invention and the manner in which the same
is to be performed I desire it to be understood that I claim as secured to me under
the above in part recited Letters Patent
Firstly. The use in economisers or apparatus for heating water or for generating
steam, of a compound pipe having two or more thoroughfares through which the
water to bo heated passes, substantially as herein before described and shown
Secondly the use of two or more separate pipes secured into one flange or faucet
at each end substantially in the manner and for the purposo shown and described
in reference to Figs: 8 and 9
In witness whereof I tho said Thomas Sykes have hereunto set my hand
and seal this tenth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty-two