IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF VEGETABLE AND MINERAL COLOURS TO EARTHENWARE AND PORCELAIN
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Adolphe Xavier Okołowicz, of Molenbeck lez
Bruxelles, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF VEGETABLE AND MINERAL COLOURS
TO EARTHENWARE AND PORCELAIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Adolphe Xavier
Okolowicz at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August
1877.
AUGUSTE ADOLPHE XAVIER OKOŁOWICZ, of Molenbeck lez Bruxelles, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF
VEGETABLE AND MINERAL COLOURS TO EARTHENWARE AND PORCELAIN."
My Invention relates to the application of vegetable and mineral colours (under
enamel) to earthenware and to porcelain, white or ornamented and crackled.
Firstly. The clay used should not be so much baked as the clays usually employed
in the manufacture of the earthenwares and porcelains of commerce.
Secondly. The first preparation consists in treating the pieces or articles with
mordants. Acetate of alumina, chloride of tin, and cream of tartar, being colorless
mordants, are preferable.
The application of the mordants is made with alcohol of 40° to 90°, or at a
temperature of from 100° to 150° " Centigrade." In this latter case the vessels con-
taining the mordants are heated either over an open fire, or by steain sent through
pipes in the middle of the liquid, or in other suitable manner.
Thirdly. After the treatment with mordants there are two methods of applying
the colors to the pieces. For most colors steeping in alcohol of from 40° to 90°,
containing the coloring matter, is preferable; essences and ether might be used.
In the second case the operation takes place in water slightly acidulated or
alcoholized, and heated to 150° " Centigrade."

page_text: Fourthly. When the operation of dyeing or coloring is ended the pieces are left
to dry, and then a second baking is necessary, both for the colors and the clay, in
order to thoroughly fix the colors and to harden the earthenware or porcelain.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Auguste Adolphe Xavier Okolowicz in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th February 1878.
AUGUSTE ADOLPHE XAVIER OKOLOWICZ, of Molenbeck lez Bruxelles, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF
VEGETABLE AND MINERAL, COLOURS TO EARTHENWARE AND PORCELAIN."
My Invention relates to the application of vegetable and mineral colours (under
enamel) to earthenware and to porcelain, white or ornamented and crackled.
Firstly. The clay used should not be so much baked as the clays usually employed
in the manufacture of the earthenware and porcelain of commerce.
Secondly. The first preparation consists in treating the pieces or articles with
mordants. Acetate of alumina, chloride of tin, and cream of tartar, being colorless
mordants, are preferable.
The application of the mordants is made with alcohol of 40° to 90°, or at a
temperature of from 100 to 150° "Centigrade." In this latter case the vessels con-
taining the mordants are heated either over an open fire, or by steam sent through
pipes in the middle of the liquid, or in any other suitable manner.
Thirdly. After the treatment with mordants there are two methods of applying
the colors to the pieces. For most colors steeping in alcohol of from 40° to 90°,
containing the coloring matter, is preferable; essences and ether might be used.
In the second case the operation takes place in water slightly acidulated or
alcoholized, and heated to 150° centigrade.
Fourthly. When the operation of dyeing or coloring is ended the pieces are left
to dry, and then a second baking is necessary, both for the colors and the clay, in
order to thoroughly fix the colors and to harden the earthenware or porcelain.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is or may be performed, what I claim as secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the process of applying vegetable
and mineral colours under enamel to earthenware and porcelain by slightly baking
the clay, then treating with inordants, afterwards applying the colours, and finally
re-baking, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Adolphe Xavier Okolowicz, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.