Year: 1845

page_text: date at Westminster, the Sixteenth day of Januar
eight hundred and forty-five.
Whereas the said Letters Patent, and all interest therein, have been
duly assigned to GEORGE BAKER, of 68, Cecil Street, Birmingham,
aforesaid, Wireworker.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by the said George Baker, as such
Assignee as aforesaid, with the Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant
to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
In the Specification inrolled to the said Letters Patent the Invention was
escribed to consist of four parts, but only the first part thereof has been
rought into use, and proved of public utility; the second, third, and fourth
arts of the Invention have not been put into practice; and as it would cost
large sum of money to bring the same into use, and, further, as the extent
f utility is uncertain until such an outlay has been made, it is considered
etter to disclaim all parts of the said Specification which relate to, describe,
nd claim the said second, third, and fourth parts of the said Specification;
or which reasons I, the said George Baker, wish to disclaim, and I do hereby

page_text: disclaim, all parts of the said Specification which relate to, describe, and
claim the said second, third, and fourth parts of the Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Baker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
disclaim, all parts of the said Specification which relate to, describe, and
claim the said second, third, and fourth parts of the Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Baker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
GEORGE (L.S.) BAKER.
This is to certify that George Baker, of Cecil Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Wireworker, Assignee of the Patent of Edwin Lucas, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, has applied to me for
leave to file with you the above-written Disclaimer to a certain Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to the said Edwin Lucas under the Great
Seal, bearing date the 16th day of January, 1845, and to which the Specifica-
tion was duly enrolled; and having considered the said application, and the
objections that were entered thereto, I have granted leave to the said George
Baker to file his said Disclaimer, pursuant to the 5th & 6th William 4th,
cap. 83., and 7 & 8 Viet. c. 69., upon the terms that no action be brought for
any infringement prior to the filing this Disclaimer.
Enrolled the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
LUCAS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Sixteenth day of January, in the eighth year of Her reign.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edwin Lucas, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Edwin Lucas, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edwin Lucas, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Edwin
Lucas, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the above in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, doth nore fully and at
large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edwin Lucas, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:
My improvements consist of,-
Firstly, a machine for making chain of brass or other wire, the said machine
being so constructed that it not only forms the links of the said chain, but
connects the said links together, as herein-after explained.
Secondly, of a machine for making welded iron chain, the said machine
being so constructed that it cuts off, bends, and welds pieces of heated iron so
as to form links and connects the several links together, as herein-after par-
ticularly described.
Thirdly, of a method or methods of constructing chains for cable and other
purposes; also of a method of making the links of ordinary chain by welding
the said links on the side, as herein-after described.
Fourthly, of a method of constructing the links of flat or pit chain herein-
after described.
65
This part of the machine is
not differ in any respect from
Figure 1 represents a side view, and Figure 2 a front view. of my machine
for making chain of brass or other wire; a represents the
feeder" or
apparatus for supplying the machine with wire.
only partially seen in Figure 2, but as it does
the "feeder" commonly used in machines for making hooks and eyes, and
button shanks, and as it constitutes no part of my Invention, I deem a
description of it unnecessary. The said "feeder" is brought into operation by
the cam on the driving or main shaft c, and a stud or projection d on the
face of the said cam operates through the lever e upon the cutter f, by which
the wire is cut off in proper lengths. The wire of which the chain is to be
made is carried by the "feeder" a through the tube g, at the end of which
tube the said wire is cut off by the cutter b; the length of the piece of wire
introduced by the "feeder" at each revolution of the shaft or axis is regulated
by the screw h, so as to be of the exact length necessary to form a perfect
link. The wire is carried so far by the "feeder" through the tube 9. that it
projects a short distance over a peg or a die i, shewn separately in Figure 3;
and a sliding bolt descends in a vertical plane, and presses upon the said wire
so as to hold it between the end of the said sliding bolt and the peg or die i ;
immediately the wire is held on the die i in the manner now described, the
cutter cuts the wire so as to detach a piece of the proper length. When the

page_text: ends of the wire are thus at liberty, the branches of the forceps j, shewn in
dotted lines in Figure 1 and in outline in Figure 3 (the construction and
action of which forceps are herein-after explained), descend and bend the
ends of the wire downwards, that is to say, in a vertical plane; and when the
ends of the said forceps have descended below the said peg or die i, the said
ends of the said forceps move towards each other in a horizontal direction,
and thus bend the ends of the wire round the under side of the said peg or
die, so as to complete one of the two loops, of which each link of the chain in
question is composed. The means by which the several motions now described
are effected are herein-after described fully. The wire is thus bent into the
form represented in Figure 4, the ring of the said bent wire encircles the
peg or die i, and the straight part hangs vertically behind the peg or die k,
(which peg or die, for reasons herein-after explained, has a sliding motion in
the direction of its axis.) It will be observed, by reference to the Figures,
that the said peg or die k is situated in a plane at right angles to that
in which the before-mentioned peg or die i is situated. The second loop
of the link which is situated in a plane at right angles to that of the first, and
which is formed of the straight part of the wire Figure 4, is made by bending
the said straight portion of the wire round the peg or die k. This is effected
by means of mechanism exactly similar in its construction and action to that
by which the first-mentioned loop is formed, but which is situated in a plane
at right angles to that in which the mechanism for forming the first loop of
the link is situated. The said mechanism is clearly seen in Figure 1, and is
herein-after fully described. The link being thus completed, the loop which
was first formed is taken hold of by a pair of pliers 7 (the construction and
action of which are herein-after fully described); and while thus held by the
said pliers, the peg or die k, on which the last formed loop was made, slides
away from the loop which encircles it, and the link is thus detached from the
whole of the mechanism, excepting the pliers which hold one of its loops. By
the means herein-after explained, the pliers while holding the link are made
to turn upon the centre m, and raise the link which they hold until the vertical
loop of the said link enters the slit or division in the peg or die i, Figure 3..
When the upper part of the loop is raised a little above the top of the peg or
die i, as shewn in Figure 5, the motion of the pliers is arrested, and the link
is held in this position until, by further action of the machine, a second piece
of wire is introduced. This second piece of wire, as it slides across the
peg or die (as herein-before explained with reference to the formation of the.
first link), passes through that loop of the first link which is situated in the
slit or division in the peg or die i, Figures 3 and 5. The various parts of the

page_text: machine operate upon the second piece of wire, on which the first formed link
is thus threaded, and produce a second link, and so on, until any required
length of chain is produced.
The construction of the various parts of the machine, and the method by
which they are put in operation, are as follows:-The forceps by which the first
formed loop of each link is made can only be partially seen in the Drawing;
but as they exactly resemble in their construction the forceps by which the
second loop of each link is made, and differ from them but slightly in the
method by which they are operated upon (the former being directly acted on by
the cam n on the shaft, and the latter by the lever o, interposed between the
camp and the said forceps), a description of the forceps by which the last formed
loop of each link is made will render the method of constructing the first formed
loop intelligible. It will be observed in the Drawing, Figure 1, that the forceps
by which the first formed loop is made are situated in a vertical plane, and
that the forceps by which the last formed loop is made are situated in a hori-
zontal plane 9, 2
Figure 1 represent the forceps by which the wire is bent round the peg or
die . These forceps are made to slide forwards (that is to say, in the direc-
tion necessary to bend the wire) by the lever o, and are withdrawn by a helical
spring at the back of the said forceps, but which spring is not seen in the
Drawing. The spring by which the vertical forceps are drawn back is seen
at 7. The lever o of the horizontal forceps q, q, is operated on by the cam p
on the driving shaft c; q', q', are screws by which the exact length of each
side of the forceps may be adjusted. The ends s, s, of the forceps have a
motion independant of the sliding motion already described, that is to say,
they have a motion on the centres or joints t, t; and it is by the combination of
the motion on the centres or joints t, t, with the horizontal sliding motion,
that the ends of the said forceps bend the wire round the peg or die k. The
moveable ends of the forceps have each a shoulder u, u, and it is by these
shoulders coming in contact during the horizontal motion of the forceps with
a fixed obstacle that the said ends of the said forceps are made to turn upon
the centres or joints t, t, and thus bend the wire round the peg or die k. In
order to shew the forceps more distinctly, that part of the mechanism with
which the shoulders u, u, come in contact is not represented in the horizontal
forceps; but it may be seen in the side view of the vertical forceps in the same
Figure. It consists of two bars of iron fixed in a plane parallel to that of the
forceps; the ends of these bars are bent at right angles, as seen in the vertical
forceps at v, so as to enter in the space between the arms of the forceps.
These bars consequently do not affect the motion of the ends of the forceps.

page_text: until the said forceps have been urged so far forward that the shoulders u, u,
come in contact with the bent ends of the said bars. The shoulders u, u,
being thus prevented from advancing, the forceps can only further advance by
the ends s, s, turning upon the centres or joints t, t. ew, are pins which
slide in groves, made in a cap, which cover the forceps q, q. but which is
removed in the Drawing. These pegs by sliding in the said groves prevent
the ends of the forceps from describing any other than the horizontal motion,
until the said ends of the forceps have passed the peg or die k, and are in a
proper position to bend the wire round the said peg or die. The mechanism
by which the wire is held against the peg or die k, while it is being turned
round the said peg or die by the forceps s, s, is as follows:- is a flat bar or
bolt, which slides in a groove made in the parallel arms q. 7, of the forceps, for
the purpose of receiving it. This bar is óperated upon by the lever y, and
the said lever is worked by the cam z, on the driving or main shaft c. When
the straight piece of wire lies across the peg or die k, the cam and
lever y urge the bar or bolt a forwards, and the wire is thereby grasped and
held firmly between the end of the said bar or bolt a and the said peg or die k
until it has been properly bent by the forceps s, s; the cam, changing its
position by the rotation of the shaft c, no longer presses the lever y, which
urged the bolt forwards, and a helical spring (not shewn in the Drawing)
withdraws the said bolt. I have already stated that the link when completed
is taken hold of by the pliers and raised into the slit or division in the
upper peg or die i, see Figures 3 and 5. This is effected in the following
manner The bending of the wire, so as to form the loop on the lower peg
or die, brings down the first formed loop, and causes it to rest on the lower
arm or branch of the forceps 1, and immediately the link is completed the
upper arm or branch of the pliers is depressed by the rod 1 and cam 2; the
link is thus held by its horizontal loop in the pliers 1. The peg or die k is then
withdrawn from the vertical loop by the lever 3 and cam 4, and the pliers and
link are next raised by the descent of the rod 5, operated upon by the cam 6,
the said pliers turning upon a centre or joint at m; that loop of the link
situated in a vertical plane is thus brought into the slit or division in the peg.
or die i, Figure 3 as hercin-before explained.
Having now described the several essential parts of the machine; Figures 1
and 2, as well as the action of the same, I will briefly recapitulate the various
stages in the process of forming each link and connecting it with the one pre-
viously made.
A proper length of wire is introduced into the machine by the
feeder a, and placed across tlie upper side of the peg or die i, see Figure 3.
Tlic descent of the sliding bar or bolt (similar to that shewn horizontally at

page_text: Figure 1) holds the wire on the said peg or die. The wire is next cut off by
the cutter f, and afterwards bent round the peg or die i by the vertical forceps,
the several parts of which exactly resemble the several parts of the horizontal
forceps q. 2, Figure 1. The notion of the vertical forceps is produced by the
cam 7. When one loop of the link is thus formed on the peg or die i, the
straight portion of the wire, of which the other loop at right angles to the
former is to be formed, is situated in a vertical line at the back of the lower
peg or die k, which peg or die is in a plane at right angles to that of the peg
or die ; the sliding bar or bolt a holds the said straight piece of wire against
the die k, and the forceps which formed the first link retire upwards, so that
the partially formed link is held only by the sliding bar or bolt a pressing it
against the peg or die k. These horizontal forceps now come into operation,
and bend the straight portion of the wire round the peg or die k, and thus
form the second loop and complete the link. The said horizontal forceps q, q,
retire, and the pliers are next brought into operation, and take hold of and
raise the link to such a position that the loop, situated in a vertical plane, is
brought into the slit or division in the peg or die i, Fig. 3, but is raised so
high that the upper part of the loop is above the upper surface of the peg or
die i, as shewn in the sketch, Figure 5, and consequently when another portion
of wire is introduced by the feeder into the machine, the said wire, as it passes
over the upper surface of the peg or die i, passes through the link held by the
pliers in the slit or division in the said peg or die. The sliding bar or bolt 5,
Figure 3, now descends to hold the wire on the peg or die i, and the pliers
loose their hold on the first formed link. In the end of the sliding bar or
bolt 5, Figure 3, which holds the wire on the peg or die i, there is a recess
into which that portion of the link which crosses the wire enters, and the said
link is thereby not injured by the said bar or bolt. Each link is formed and
connected with the preceding one in the manner now described, and by the
continued operation of the machine a chain of any length may be produced.
It is scarcely necessary to remark, that the formation of a link is not at all
interfered with by the connection of the wire of which it is made with the link
previously made, as will be seen by tracing the various stages of its formation.
The chain as it is made descends though an opening made for that purpose
in the lower arm of the pliers 7.
Figure 6 represents in end view my machine for making welded iron
chain, and Figure 7 represents a vertical section of the same.
a, a, is the
fixed framing of the machine. b, b, is a frame which has a vertical sliding
motion communicated to it by the cams c, c, and c', c', on the main shaft d.
The cams c, c, act on the antifriction rollers e, e, and thereby raise the said

page_text: g
frame. The following parts of the machine are connected with the sliding
frame b, and consequently move with it, although they have other and inde-
pendent motions, as is herein-after explained, that is to say, the die f, which
forms by its pressure the top of each link, and the mandril g, or dies upon or
around which each link is formed. The mandril g is divided in the middle, as
seen in Figure 6, in order that it may be withdrawn from the link. The two
parts of which the mandril is composed are made to slide horizontally by
means of wedges at h, h, acting on the ends thereof; the said wedges are
operated upon by levers, and the said levers are operated upon by cams on the
main shaft d. The said wedges are withdrawn, and the parts of the mandril g
are made to retire from the link which has been formed thereon by means of
springs. During the final compression of the link the parts of the mandril,
are pressed outwards with such force that the wedges at h, h, cannot be
withdrawn until they are relieved from the pressure. In order to remove the
said wedges, levers on the axes i, i, are made to press upon the ends of the
mandril g by means of cams on the shaft d; and the pressure on the said
mandril being no longer borne by the wedges h, h, the said wedges can be
withdrawn. j, j, are plates which guide the halves of the mandril in their
motions. k, k', Figure 7, are dies of the form shewn in the Drawing, and
which have motion only in a horizontal plane. These side dies are moved or
pressed towards each other by levers, one of which is shewn in the Drawing.
m is the axis of the lever which acts on the die ; these levers are operated
on by cams on the shaft d. n, n, are the bottoms dies, or the dies by
which the lower end of each link is formed. These dies slide on the bed o,
so as to approach each other during the formation of the lower end of the
link, and separate when the link is formed, and allow the said link to descend
between them in the manner herein-after described. The dies n, n, are made
to slide on the bed o by means of the ring p, which surrounds the said bed.
This ring rests on the support q, bolted to the bed of the machine at q', and
has only a rotatory motion around the bed q" as an axis. At two opposito
points on the said ring are circular wedges 2, 2; and when the ring is made to
rotate, so as to bring these circular wedges against the ends of the dies n, n,
the said dies are forced towards cach other until their upper ends come in
contact and form a mould, in which the lower end of each link is formed.
The bed o has a rotatory motion, and also a vertical motion. The rotary
motion, which is limited to a quarter revolution, is communicated to it by a
chain or a rack connected with the shaft r, and operated upon by a lever, the
said lever being put into operation by a cam on the main shaft d; the rotatory
motion of the ring p is communicated thereto by similar means, but the method

page_text: u is a cutter by which
This cutter is rounded
of effecting these motions is so obvious, that the necessary mechanism has
been omitted in the Drawing in order that more essential parts may not be
obscured thereby. The vertical motion of the bed o and the shaft is effected
by the forked lever s and the cam t on the main shaft d.
the iron is cut off of a proper length to form the link.
on its inclined side in order to cut the iron bar of a concave form, and is raised
and depressed by a bell-crank lever v, turning on a joint a, w; one arm only of
this lever is seen in the Drawing, the other arm being in a plane at right angles
to that of the Drawing. The end of the arm which is not seen in the Drawing
acts upon the cutter u, and pressing it forcibly down cuts off the iron. The
lever vis operated upon by the cam a (see Figure 6) on the main shaft.
The action of the various parts of the machine will be best understood
by reference to Figure 7, in which Figure, however, the several dies are
in the positions they occupy at the moment when they complete a link.
On commencing the formation of a link the several parts are in the following
positions, that is to say:-The sliding frame b, Figure 6, and with it the
top die and mandril 9, are raised above the side dies k, . The said
side dies are separated, so that the mandril passes freely up between them.
The bed o has the position shewn in the Drawing, and the bottom. dies n, n,
are partly open. A rod of iron, which has been previously raised to a welding
heat, is introduced into the groove y, and pushed forward until it comes in
contact with the stop y'; the cutter descends and cuts off a sufficient
length for the formation of a link. It has been herein-before explained,
that at the commencement of the formation of a link the mandril g, and
top die f, are raised by the sliding frame b; and it must be remembered
that the said mandril g and top die f are above the piece of iron which has
been cut off. Immediately the iron is cut off, the manilril g descends, and
carrying the rod of iron between the side dies k, k¹, which are separated;
bends it into a horseshoe form, the curved part thereof being pressed into the
lower dies. n, which at the moment close to receive it. The side dies k, k¹, are
now forced together so as partially to bend the straight end of the horseshoe
shaped piece of iron over the top of the mandril g, and the top die f next
descending, the heated iron is powerfully compressed in a die or mould of the
exact form of the intended link, and the form of the said link is thus per-
fected. When the link is completed the side dies.k, k', retire, the mandril g'
opens, and, together with the top die f, is raised by the sliding frame b; the
bed o, ring p, and dies n, n, perform a quarter revolution, and bring the
newly-formed link into a plane at right angles to that in which it was formed;
and in which the various dies are represented in Figure 7. The dies n, n, and

page_text: bed o, together with the link which stands upright on the dies n, n, are then
raised (the descent of the dies m, n, on the bed o being prevented by the
upright sides of the wedges on the ring p), and the rod of iron which is intro-
duced for the formation of another link passes through the last formed link.
The said link is not only supported by the lower dies n, n, but, as it rises, its
top enters the recess 1 in the bottom of the mandril 9, by which it is held
firmly while the rod of iron for the next link passes through it. The said rod
of iron being cut off, the revolution of the ring p and wedges 2, 2, allows the
bottom dies to open, and they and the bed o afterwards descend and leave the
last formed link hanging on the rod of iron in process of being made into a
link; and the said bottom dies n, n, und bed o, together with the ring p and
wedges 2, 2, perform a quarter revolution, and are thus brought again into
the plane in which they are represented in the Drawing in Figure 7. The
descent of the mandril 9 bends the piece of iron introduced into the machine
into a horseshoe form, the bottom dies being at the same time raised by the
revolution of the ring p and wedges 2, 2, the said dies not being perfectly
closed so as to receive the bent part of the horseshoe formed piece of iron until
the said piece of iron has been carried so far down by the mandril g that the
lower end of the last formed link hanging thereon has passed the said dies.
When the said dies are closed, the last formed link hangs in the position repre-
sented by dotted lines at 3. The chain, as it is formed, passes down the tube 4.
Figure 8 represents the dies of a modification of the last described machine.
In this modification the links of the chain are welded on the side.
I have
represented only the most essential parts of the said machine, and shall only
describe the same, as the motions of the several parts are cominunicated to
the said parts by methods differing but slightly from those herein-before
described, and which methods of communicating motion to the said parts aro
well known to persons acquainted with the construction of machines. a, a, is
the rod of heated iron, which is passed under the mandril 6, as seen in the
Drawing. The iron is cut off by the cutter or tool c, which turns upon the
centre or axis d, and its edge, coming in contact during its motion with the
iron a, cuts it off, and afterwards bends it round a pin or axis through the are
represented in dotted lines, and thus gives it the form represented by e.
Figure 9 represents in plan the cutter c and the axis f, around which the
said cutter bends the bar of heated iron. When tho bar is bent into the form
shewn at e, Fig. 8, the cutter c returns, and the axis f is made to slide in the
direction shewn by the arrow, Figure 9, and is thus withdrawn from the bend
in the iron which has been formed around it. The sliding motion of the
axis f is communicated by a forked lever working in the groove f¹. It is

page_text: desirable to give the ends of the rod of iron of which the link for cable chain
is formed a concave form, in order that the said ends may fit accurately against
the cylindrical sides of the bar to which they are welded. To effect this the
edge of the cutter c is made concave, as seen in Figure 9, and a second cutter,
not shewn in the Drawing, cuts that end of the bar of iron first introduced
into the machine of a similar form after the said bar of iron has been placed
in the position shewn in the Drawing Figure 8. After the iron has been cut
and bent by the cutter c, the tool g is brought into operation, and, by turning
upon its centre g', the said tool bends the iron in such a manner that the
branch or portion e passes over the top peg of the mandril. The tool g
then returns, and the top die descends and bends that part of the iron which is
turned over the top peg downwards into a vertical direction, and if I intend
to make a cable chain the bolt or die h is made to advance horizontally, thereby
forcing the said vertical part of the iron round the under side of the peg b. If
I do not intend to make cable chain, the bolt or die h is not used. The top
die and mandril 6 next descend, and the bottom dies h, k, ascending and
closing in the manner herein-before described with reference to Figures 6 and 7,
and the side dies 1, 1, at the same time approaching, the link is compressed into
its proper form. The method of connecting one link with another exactly
resembles that herein-before described, and represented in Figures 6 and 7, and
I therefore deem it unnecessary to describe it again. I prefer communicating
motion to the tools e and g by means of racks engaging in pinions on the axes
of the said tools; but other methods are equally applicable.
Besides the method of making links for cable chain herein-before described,
I sometimes construct the said links in the following manner; that is to say,
I do not force the end of the bar of heated iren of which the link is made
under the top peg of the mandril 6, Figure 8, by means of the die h, but bend
the rod of iron into an elliptical form by means of the machine Figure 8, and
force the side dies 1, 1, so close together that they bring the sides of the ellip-
tical link into contact, and weld them so as to form a solid support between
the ends or loops of the link. And I sometimes form the said links of cable
chain by means of the machine Figures 6 and 7, in which machine the said
links are welded on the end. When, however, I use the machine Figures 6 and 7
for constructing cable chain, I use a mandril similar to that at b, Figure 8, and
also use side dies similar to those at 1, 1, Figure 8. It is obvious that by using
in the machine Figure S a mandril and side dies similar to those represented
by g, h, k, Figure 7, and omitting the use of the die h, Figure 8, the said
machine, Figure 8, will construct a chain having elliptical links, that is to
say, a common chain, in which the links are welded on the side.

page_text: Figure 10 represents a series of tools by which the separate links of flat or
pit chains may be made. These tools may either be worked by hand or
actuated by machinery. a is a bottom die for forming one side of the link,
and a top die for forming the other side. c, c, are two pegs or dies, around
which the two loops of the link are formed. d, d, are two axes carrying
cranks or arms e, e; these axes carry pinions which gear into each other, so that,
by causing one of the axes to rotate in a direction proper to move the crank or
arm through the arc represented in dotted lines, the other crank or arm moves
through the other are represented in dotted lines; and the heated iron being
held down upon the bottom die by the pegs or dies c, c, the cranks or arms
e, e, moving through the arcs aforesaid, bend the ends of the iron round the
said pegs or dies, and the said cranks or arms e, e, being returned into the
position shewn in the Drawing, the top die b descends and compresses the
heated iron between it and the bottom die (the loops being supported by the
pegs or dies c, c), and side dies being made to advance at the same time in
the direction of the axes of the pegs or dies c, c, the link is completed by
the compression of the said top, bottom, and side dies, and the pegs or
dies c, c.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim
exclusive right to-
First, the construction and use of the machine for making chain of brass,
iron, or other wire, herein-before described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4,
and 5, of the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly, the construction and use of the machine for making welded iron
chain, herein-before described and represented in Figures 6 and 7 of the
accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly, the methods of manufacturing chain for cable and other purposes
herein-before described; that is to say, by forming each link of the said chain
of a rod of iron, one end of which is bent across the link, so as to form a cross
or stay bar between the sides thereof; also by making a link by bending a
rod of iron into an elliptical form and forcing the sides of the said elliptically
bent iron into contact, and welding the same so as to form a solid support
between the loops at the ends of the said link, whether the said link be formed
by welding on the end or on the side; also the construction of links of an
elliptical form for ordinary chain, by welding the said links on the side,
as herein-before explained and represented in Figures 8 and 9 of the accom-
panying Drawings.

page_text: And fourthly, the method of manufacturing the links of flat or pit chain
herein-before described and represented in Figure 10 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Lucas, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and forty fiva