IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, FIRE-PLACES, OR APPARATUS USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, and of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, FIRE-PLACES, OR
APPARATUS USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1874.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, FIRE-
PLACES, OR APPARATUS USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:
-
The Invention relates to furnaces, fire-places, and heating apparatus,
to which my improvements are applied for the purpose of utilizing fuel
in the best manner for combustion.

page_text: The apparatus is constructed and applied in such manner that the
draught is increased and the air employed for combustion is heated.
In order to increase the draught a ventilating apparatus or air
circulating apparatus is fitted at one end of the heating flue so that air
is drawn in; or the air may be forced or blown in beneath and through
the grate bars.
The apparatus which I use for increasing the draught is in main
respects similar to the apparatus which I use for heating the air employed
for combustion. A steam nozzle is combined with two or more nozzles
of gradually increasing diameter or sectional area, in such manner that
the steam jet issuing from the first named nozzle shall pass through the
series of other nozzles.consecutively. I call the nozzles of graduated
diameter mixing nozzles because by reason of their increasing diameters
air is drawn into the steam jet and mixed with it, so as to form an air
current or air blast which is discharged through a diverging tube, in such
manner that the velocity of the air is transformed into pressure. This
arrangement is especially applicable for blowing in air through the grates
of hydrogen gas generating furnaces.
My apparatus when used for increasing draft by drawing off the
gases from the flue may be so arranged- as to form a substitute for
or a supplement to a chiminey, it will prevent waste of heat.
The waste heat may be collected and utilized by fitting between the
extremity of the last of the heating flues, and my air apparatus or
ventilator a cooling apparatus in which the air which is to serve for
combustion operates. This cooling apparatus consists of a short tube or
cylinder formed with ribs or corrugations for increasing the surface.
On this tube or cylinder the air or ventilating apparatus is placed, and it
is surrounded by a concentric tubular or cylindrical casing or jacket, a
space being left between such casing and the tube or cylinder within it.
At the lower portion of this space is a communication between it and the
space under the fire-bars, so that all the air drawn in for combustion
between the fire-bars must pass into and through the passage formed
between the short tube or cylinder and its cylindrical casing or
jacket.
.. When the apparatus is applied to steam vessels in which surface
condensers are used and air compressing apparatus is employed, similar
in construction to the ventilating or air apparatus above described and

page_text: formed with steam nozzle, mixing nozzles, and diverging tube so
proportioned that the air is discharged under considerable pressure.
The blast or current delivered by the apparatus is forced through a
condenser whereby the moisture it contains is carried off, leaving only
the high-pressure air which is utilized as an actuating or motive jet..
formed with steam nozzle, mixing nozzles, and diverging tube so
proportioned that the air is discharged under considerable pressure.
The blast or current delivered by the apparatus is forced through a
condenser whereby the moisture it contains is carried off, leaving only
the high-pressure air which is utilized as an actuating or motive jet..
In some cases when my apparatus is only used as an occasional or
incidental auxiliary to the chimney, the diverging tube may be dispensed
with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernst Körting in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th April 1875..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Ernst Körting, Her special license that
I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, FIRE-
PLACES, OR, APPARATUS USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors or.
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
-

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Körting, do hereby declare
he nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
e performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
he following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
Say
The Invention relates to furnaces, fire-places, and heating apparatus,
to which my improvements are applied for the purpose of utilizing fuel
in the best manner for combustion.
The apparatus is constructed and applied in such manner that the
draught is increased and the air employed for combustion is heated.
In order to increase the draught a ventilating apparatus or air
circulating apparatus is fitted at one end of the heating flue, so that air
is drawn or the air may be forced or blown in beneath and through the
grate bars.
:
"The apparatus which I use for increasing the draught is in main
respects similar to the apparatus which I use for heating the air
employed for combustion. A steam nozzle is combined with two or
more nozzles of gradually increasing diameter or sectional area, in such
manner that the steam jet issuing from the first named nozzle shall pass
through the series of other nozzles consecutively. I call the nozzles
of graduated diameter "mixing nozzles," because by reason of their
increasing diameters air is drawn into the steam jet and mixed with it,
so as to form an air current or air blast which is discharged through a
diverging tube, in such manner that the velocity of the air is transformed
into pressure. This arrangement is especially applicable for blowing in
air through the grates of hydrogen gas generating furnaces.
My apparatus when used for increasing draft by drawing off the gases
from the flue may be so arranged as to form a substitute for or a
supplement to a chimney. It will prevent the non-utilization of the
waste heat.
->
The waste heat may be collected and utilized by fitting between the
extremity of the last of the heating flues and my air apparatus or
ventilator a cooling apparatus in which the air which is to serve for
combustion operates. This cooling apparatus consists of a short tube or
0
-

page_text: by means of wings, legs, or feathers; these nozzles are so formed and
arranged that the jet issuing from one nozzle forms the driving jet in
the next succeeding nozzle, and each nozzle is of larger sectional area.
than the immediately preceding nozzle. Each nozzle is tapered towards
its-discharge end, so that the velocity of the air entering it is gradually
increased as it proceeds along the nozzle. By this arrangement all
whirling and recoiling of the air drawn in, which otherwise would
greatly reduce the effect of the apparatus is avoided; c is a diverging
tube for gradually reducing the velocity of the air discharged from the
last mixing nozzle, and converting it into the corresponding pressure by
which the resistance offered by the grate bars and mass of fuel in the
furnace is overcome. When the blower is to be used for forge hearths
the blast must be quite free from moisture resulting from the con-
densation of the steam, and this may be easily effected by connecting
ordinary heating apparatus with the blower to dry the blast; the
simplest arrangement is to use part of the high-pressure steam for
working the- steam blower. For this purpose the steam is led into a
vessel of suitable strength offering large outside surface, along which the
moist air from the blower passes before it comes to the fuel, thus being
dried as the moisture is converted into steam again which travels along
with the air into the fire. The number of mixing nozzles may be varied
according to circumstances and to the size of the apparatus; also the
shape and application of the apparatus may be variously modified.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation of a jet exhausting apparatus L
intended to produce draft in furnaces instead of or in combination with
the ordinary chimney. It is placed with its suction part in the smoke
box or flue of the furnace. The internal construction is similar to that
of: the apparatis shown in Figure 1, the same letters of reference
indicating similar parts...
Figure 4 shows in sectional elevation a modification of this jet
exhausting apparatus L, as illustrated in Figure 3. It is placed in the
flue of a furnace. In this modification however the apparatus is not
worked by a steam jet direct, but by air compressed in a compressing
apparatus M by means of a steam jet. This steam jet air compressing
apparatus is composed of a steam nozzle, one or more mixing nozzles, and
a diverging tube c to convert the velocity of the air into pressure sufficient
to work the exhausting apparatus I, the compressed air is taken through
a pipe into an ordinary surface cooler M. In this Figure the cooler is

page_text: shown by way of example, as a tubular refrigerator, in the pipes of which
cold water is kept circulating; such water enters them at X and leaves
them heated at y. In this cooler the air is cooled and the steam
retained in it is condensed; the condensation water flows out at the
bottom of the cooler. The compressed air then passes through a pipe í
to actuate the exhauster L. This combination or modification is
especially adapted for the purpose of regaining the used or expended
steam in the form of distilled water, so that it may be utilized specially
for feeding the boiler. The arrangement of air compressing apparatus
combined with a cooler may also be employed instead of a direct steam
jet to actuate a blowing apparatus illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, and Figure 6 is a
transverse sectional elevation of my exhausting apparatus described in
reference to Figure 3 placed at the end of a boiler flue as a substitute
for the chimney; of course this is applicable to furnaces other than boiler:
furnaces. The exhausting apparatus is placed in a short upright:
pipe p, and causes when steam is put on a current of air to pass through.
the grate g, and the fuel thereon, the flue f, the boiler t, and the pipe p.
through the exhauster into the open air, u is the steam pipe. To utilize.
all the heat the pipe or flue p is surrounded by a casing 9 open at the
top from which a pipe, passage, or channel, leads under the grate g, the:
fire-door and ash-pit being closed, the air before being drawn through:
the grate has to pass into the casing a through the top opening, and
inside or through the casing along. the hot flue p, and it thus becomes
heated before it reaches the fuel on the grate. The temperature of the
air is raised by increasing the surface of the pipe p by ribs or corrugations
and by extending it longitudinally. Also it is sometimes convenient to
dispose this apparatus horizontally.
The modification or arrangement of apparatus may be so contrived.
that the pipe p shall be left open at the top, and the jet apparatus may
be arranged to act as exhausting and blowing apparatus, at the same
time it draws in the air through the casing q and then blows it under
the grate or fire-bars and directs it into the fuel of the furnace, or the
pipe or flue p may be open and the casing q shut at top x, and the
apparatus may force fresh air through the casing 9, the grate, and -
the flues.
Sometimes the apparatus shown in Figures 3 and 4 may be used in a

page_text: tube then being taken off. and the apparatus placed centrally in or under
the chimney, the large and compact air jet coming out of the last mixing
nozzle will have a much better effect on the draft of the chimney
than the simple steam jet would have when blowing direct into the
chimney.
Wherever in the course of the Specification I use the term air
compressing apparatus I wish it to be understood and implied that its
use is not confined to the compressing of atmospheric air; as it may also
be used as a compressor of any permanent-gas.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner it may be performed, I declare that I claim,
First. The combination with furnaces or fire-places, smiths' hearth's,
or other heating apparatus of a steam jet apparatus composed of a steam
nozzle, and of two or more conical mixing nozzles of the steam jet with
the air or gases drawn in, and of a diverging tubė, all arranged and
constructed in such a manner that the air is forced under the grate or
fire-bars or through nozzles direct into the fuel, and also the combination.
of this blowing apparatus with a steam heating and drying arrangement
for the blast obtained, substantially as described and illustrated in
reference to Figures 1, 2, of the accompanying Drawings.
:
Second. The construction, arrangement, and combination of steam jet
apparatus composed of a steam nozzle, two or more conical mixing
,nozzles of the actuating steam with the air or gases drawn.in, and a
diverging tube or chimney with a furnace in such manner that the
apparatus placed in the flue produces or promotes the draft required for
combustion, substantially as herein-before described and explained in
reference to Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, of the accompanying Drawings.
'
Third. The construction, combination, and application of steam jet, air,
or fluid compressing apparatus with a cooler and blowing or exhausting
jet apparatus for the purpose herein-before set forth, and substantially in
manner herein-before described and illustrated in reference to Figure 4
of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The arrangement and combination of jet blowing or
exhausting apparatus with a heating arrangement for the air required
for combustion by means of hot gases in- the furnace flues, substantially

page_text: as herein-before described and illustrated in reference to Figures 5 and 6
of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
DONAT RUBEN.
E. KÖRTING. (L.S.)