IMPROVEMENTS IN Ов CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF ⚫ BLACKENING' FOR FOUNDRY PURPOSES AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS " PMDLAVED THERE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Pattison, of the City of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, Merchant, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Ов CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF
⚫ BLACKENING' FOR FOUNDRY PURPOSES AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS
"
PMDLAVED THEREBOR
Sealed the 10th September 1870, and dated the 15th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Pattison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th March 1870.
I, FREDERICK PATTISON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE
OF BLACKENING' FOR FOUNDRY PURPOSES AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in inclosing and cooling the hot coke, cinder,
or solid carbon residuum of gas or similar coal and other carbonaceous,
oleaginous, and bitumenous argillaceous minerals, known also by the

page_text: «
66
several terms of boghead or Torbanehill mineral, parrot coal, and shales,
known to be suitable and heretofore used for the making of the said
blacking," termed also moulders' blacking" or "metal founders'
blacking," within close air or nearly air-tight vessels, by preference
made of malleable or cast iron, of a small or convenient and portable
size to contain one or two charges of the still or retort from which the
coke is taken, and having a simple, efficient, and easily removable or
fixable cover, such as used for gas retorts. The red-hot coke, as it is
withdrawn from the still, retort, or coke oven, whether it is made
specially for the purpose or left as a residuum in the making of
illuminating gas, burning and other oils, or tarry and pitchy products
from the said coal or shales, is drawn or filled into the said vessels and
the lids closely fixed down until the coke is cold, when they are opened,
and the coke removed to be ground, sifted, and otherwise treated, as
such cokes (cooled in the open air either with or without the use of
water to assist) were heretofore, and for the manufacture of such
"blackening;" and this Invention which has reference to improvements
on the Invention for which a Patent was granted to Ebenezer Bow,
No. 58, dated 9th January 1855, and now expired, by the said close cool-
ing of the coke, makes much better "blackening" with very little more
expense or labour than has heretofore been made from the coke of the
same and such like materials.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Pattison in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
PATTISON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Frederick Pattison, Her special licence that I,
the said Frederick Pattison, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Frederick Pattison, my executors,

page_text: OB CON-
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
NECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BLACKENING' FOR FOUNDRY PURPOSES AND
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Pattison, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Pattison, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say :-
My said Invention consists in enclosing and cooling the hot coke,
cinder, or solid carbon residuum of gas or smithy coal or other car-
bonaccous, oleaginous, and bituminous argillaceous minerals, known also
by the several terms of boghead or Torbanehill mineral, parrot coal, and
shales, known to be suitable and heretofore used for the making of the
said "blackening," termed also "moulders' blacking," or metal founders'
"blacking," within close air-tight or nearly air-tight vesels, by preference
made of malleable or cast iron of a small or convenient and portable
size, to contain one or two charges of the still or retort from which the
coke is taken, and having a simple, efficient, and casily removable or
fixable cover, such as used for gas retorts. The red-hot coke, as it is
withdrawn from the still, retort, or coke oven, whether it is made
specially for the purpose or left as a residuum in the making of
illuminating gas, burning and other oils, or tarry and pitchy products,
from the said coal or shale, is drawn or filled into the said vessels and
the lids closely fixed down until the coke is cold, when they are opened,
and the coke removed to be ground, sifted, and all otherwise treated, as
such cokes (cooled in the open air either with or without the use

page_text: of water to assist) were heretofore, for the manufacture of such
“blackening;" and this Invention, which has reference to improvements
on the Invention for which a Patent was granted to Ebenezer Bow,
No. 58, dated 9th January 1855, and now expired, by the said close
cooling of the coke makes much better "blackening" with very little
more expense or labour than has heretofore been made from the coke of
the same and such like material.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood
and performed or put into practice, I will now proceed to describe the
several illustrative Figures upon the Sheet of explanatory Drawings
which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the best
modifications and means which I am at present aware of, under which
my improvements may be judiciously carried out into practice, the same
letters being employed to indicate the same or similar parts in all the
Figures.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 are respectively two front views and one side view
of the discharge ends or mouths of two sets of ordinary illuminating gas-
making retorts, or it might be other carbon mineral or shale distilling or
calcining retorts, showing the general side and end view of a wheeled
carriage or barrow, carrying the new enclosing portable box constructed
in accordance with and for carrying out the purposes of my said Inven-
tion; one box shown in front and below each retort of the respective rows
for receiving and enclosing the char or solid carbon left in the retorts
after all the oleaginous gases have been evolved or discharged from the
coal, shale, or other carbonaceous minerals by any of the means in
their distillation or calcination, brought up to a bright red or nearly
white heat. Figures 4, 5, and 6 are respectively an elevation, plan, and
transverse section of the said carriage and enclosing boxes shown in
Figures 1 to 3 to a large scale, and Figure 7 is a plan of the box by
itself with the closing lid on.
Figures 8 and 9 are respectively a side elevation, partly in section,
and a transverse section of one form of an enclosing box and con-
veying wheeled carriage, barrow, or "hutch" combined, shown also
to a large scale constructed in accordance with and illustrative of the
nature and purpose of my said Invention.
Figures 10 and 11 show a transverse section and plan of one form and
construction of an enclosing box in which the materials to be distilled
or treated might be placed before being passed through the retorts, such

page_text: as suitable for the treatment of the dross or small broken up coal, or the
´said bituminous shales or minerals, or their tarry and pitchy residues, or
mixtures of any of these, having the lids put on the boxes either before
or after being charred or calcined; in the former case a hole would
be left in the lid for the gases to escape while being treated in the
retorts.
Referring to Figures 1 to 7, the hot residuary solid carbon char or
coke sinder O, from the two top retorts 1, 2, Figure 1, is or may be
drawn or discharged into two enclosing boxes A', A², and that from the
three under retorts 3, 4, 5, into three similar boxes A³, A', A³, ranged
respectively below their retorts, and carried by the wheelbarrows 5, 5'.
The enclosing boxes A are, by preference, made of wrought sheet iron,
of a size sufficient to hold the whole of the residuary charge of each
retort, with an "angle iron" lip or rim B, all round, to receive and
carry the lid C, which may be simply closed down on the said rim over
the hot char, either partially cooled by being brought under a sprinkling
rose or jet of water or not, as desired, and luted all round the joint at b
with fire-clay; or, in addition, first fixed down to the edges or sides by
the cross bar and screws D, d, Figures 4 and 5, or by sliding bolts c,
indicated in red lines in Figures 6 and 7. The carriages or barrows 5, 5',
for conveying the close boxes are, by preference, made of malleable iron,
with a flat top frame E, either with a single or double steering wheel and
lever arrangement in front F, F¹, or it may be having two pairs of non or
only slightly swivelling wheels F2, F, in which case each pair would
have a drawing and steering lever F³ attached to their axle, to save the
necessity of turning the barrow right round; and the wheels may be
made with plain rims to run upon the road or upon flat rails G with
guiding side edges, as shown at Figures 8 and 9; and when thus made
without swivelling front wheels, the two pairs of wheels F³, F', are pre-
ferred to be placed nearer each other towards the middle of the barrow
frame, as shown in the said Figures 8 and 9, coupling or drawing chains
being attached to the eyes F" of the levers F1 and F³ to connect the
carriages, and convey them away to a place to cool the boxes and coko
in them. In the case in which the boxes A were made separate they
would be removed, and the carriages 5 then brought back to the retorts
with fresh or other sparc empty boxes to be filled, closed, and cooled in
like manner. In some cases, such as where it is preferred to discharge
the coke of two or more charges of retorts into one box, or a box carriage

page_text: as is sometimes done at present in open vessels for the mere conveyance
of the coke away to be cooled in the open air, I make the conveying
carriages E and new or improved close boxes A, by preference, in one,
and of malleable sheet iron, as shown at A*, also at Figures 8 and 9, and
having a rim B made all round the upper edge of the box part, as in the
former separate boxes, Figures 1 to 7, but with the lid, by preference,
made in separate pieces, as C₁, C", C", Figure 8, and luted over the
cross joints with fire-clay, as well as round the edges at b, and
cither fixed down or not, as desired, with cross bars and screws D, d, or
slide bolts c, all as before described in reference to Figures 4 to 7. These
boxes A, A, although described and shown as made of mallcable iron,
rectangular in shape, may be made of cast iron, and polygonal, round, or
oval in shape.
Referring to Figures 10 and 11 in this case, the enclosing boxes A
are made of fire-clay, plumbago, or other well known suitable materials
capable of standing the white heat of retorts or ovens, so that the small
coal, shale, or mineral, or their tarry or pitchy residues (in the manu-
facture of illuminating gas or oils) or mixtures of any of these may be
first put into these boxes A, either open on the top or having a cover C
(made of the same or like material to the box A to stand the same
great heat) with a hole C¹ in it for the escape of the carbonaceous
oleaginous gases while being distilled, calcined, or treated within these
vessels A, which, when removed from the retort or oven with only
the solid carbon residuum O left in them, are closed up by having the
cover C luted down, or having metal or other plugs Cluted into the 1
opening C, and be then transported on carriages, as 5, Figures 1 to 6,
to be cooled with little or no exposure to the air. One form of retort
has been shown dotted in at 1, Figure 10, which might be made of fire-
clay, and long enough to hold several boxes A, which could be pushed
out at the one end as the new charged boxes were pushed in at the
other, or they might be heated for calcining the materials in them on
the flat hearth of an oven or kiln, such as that on which glass-making
pots are heated.
Although only ordinary illuminating gas-making retorts have been
shown, and the coke O from these mainly referred to, it is to be understood
that the said solid carbon residuum from mineral oil retorts, stills, kilns,
or boilers, and others treating the said coals, shales, and minerals are
to be thus closed up and cooled in close vessels free or nearly free from

page_text: air, and that the said carbon coke residues may either be got at and
from gas works and mineral oil works, and others, so treated, or the
said coal, shale, or mineral may be specially calcined for the purpose,
and then so closed and cooled in close vessels, all, in cither case, for
the purpose of being ground and made into "moulder's blacking," either
by itself or mixed with other substances, as otherwise herein described
and heretofore made from other materials or the same materials not so
enclosed while being cooled.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I may observe in conclusion that I do not confine
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
had occasion to delineate, describe, or refer to, as many variations may
be made therefrom without departing from the principle or main features
of my said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is, the enclosing the hot solid carbonaceous
cokes or residua of bituminous and illuminating gas and oil producing
coals, shales, or minerals in close vessels until cooled free from air for
the subsequent purpose of making "moulders' blacking," all substantially
as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Pattison, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
FRED. PATTISON. (L.S.)