IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LOOM-SEWED FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wishart, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, and Peter Cameron, of Paisley, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
Sealed the 6th October 1866, and dated the 11th April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wishart and
Peter Cameron at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th April 1866.
Wė, WILLIAM WISHART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, and PETER CAMERON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LOOM-SEWED FABRICS," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object to simplify and render more efficient the
apparatus used in producing loom-sewed fabrics.
In one modification of the improved apparatus the crescent-shaped bobbin
carriers are shaped to fit and work in segmental annular grooves or recesses
formed in the front of a vertical metal plate, which is fixed upon a frame con-
stituting with it what is termed the "circle frame." The crescent-shaped
carriers have their front surfaces flush with the front surface of the plate, and
they are kept in their places simply by the movable rack plate or notched plate
used for turning or "circling" them by being shifted horizontally from side to

page_text: side by the weaver. In forming the recesses for the carriers a small raised
boss is left in each as a centre for each carrier to turn upon. The bottom
edge of the plate is as usual formed into a series of wedge-shaped points,
which points occur between the carriers, whilst the angular indentations
between the points extend up into the bosses of the recesses, making these
bosses hollow, and as it were cut through on the under side. Each carrier is
fitted with three projecting wires, by means of which the rack plate turns it
in the usual way, one of the wires being longer than the others to receive the
bobbin, and being bent to form a guide for the thread, whilst the bobbin is
prevented from slipping round too easily by a fine wire spring fixed on the
part of the wire that carries it. The bent part of the wire which forms the
guide for the thread has the advantage of holding the thread in a lower
position than the guides hitherto used. The construction herein-before
described allows the carriers to be got more closely together than hitherto,
and it also permits the carrying of the indentations between the points to a
greater height, so that the warp threads can be raised higher. In some cases
two or more circle frames are used, one in front of the other, and are operated
simultaneously or at different times.
Another improvement consists in mounting the circle frame or frames on
springs in order when carried back by the lathe to return a little and thereby
slacken the bobbin threads.
A further improvement consists in combining with the apparatus a bar or
bars with knives or sharp blades or points to be raised by the weaver when
required to cut portions of the threads and form holes in the fabric, the edges of
which are afterwards bound or covered by means of the circling bobbins.
In a second modification the bosses in the recesses for the carriers are made
in separate pieces with flanged portions to hold the carriers in place, and with
strips projecting upwards to fix them by to the plate, it is however preferred
to make these bosses as herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Wishart and Peter Cameron in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
WISHART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and PETER
CAMERON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Manufacturers,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Wishart and Peter Cameron, Her special licence that we, the said
William Wishart and Peter Cameron, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Wishart and Peter
Cameron, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LOOM-SEWED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Wishart and Peter Cameron, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Wishart and Peter Cameron,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention has principally for its object to simplify and render more
efficient the apparatus used in producing loom-sewed fabrics.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing parts of
the loom apparatus for producing loom-sewed fabrics as made with our
improvements.
66
Figure 1 is a face view of a part of our improved circling" frame or
plate, and Figure 2 is a corresponding transverse vertical section, the parts
being represented full size.
In this modification the crescent-shaped bobbin carriers are shaped to fit
and work in segmental annular grooves or recesses z formed in the front of
the vertical metal plate P, which is fixed upon a frame F, constituting with it
what is termed the "circle frame." The carriers x when in their places have
their front surfaces flush with the front surface of the plate P, and they are

page_text: kept in their places simply by the movable rack plate or notched plate R used
for turning or circling them. This rack plate R is made exactly as heretofore,
and is shifted by the weaver in the ordinary way horizontally from side to
side, so as to turn the carriers a by means of its projections and notches,
which act on pins or wires on the carriers x. In forming in the plate P the
recesses for the carriers a, a small raised boss is left in each as a centre for.
each carrier to turn upon, and as a protection for the warp threads raised up.
into the centre. The bottom edge of the plate P is as usual formed into a
series of wedge-shaped points p, which points occur between the carriers x,
whilst the indentations between the points p extend up into the bosses of the
recesses z, making these bosses hollow, and as it were cut through on the
under side. Each carrier x is fitted with three pins or wires for the rack
plate R to turn it by, as herein-before mentioned, and one of these wires is
longer than the others to receive the bobbin 6 carrying the thread with which
the circling action produces a pattern on the fabric. Usually a guide-eye for
the thread is formed in one of the other wires; but in some cases we prefer
to form the guide by bending back, as shown, the wire which carries the
bobbin, closing the bent part with a little solder, this having the advantage of
getting the guide-eye lower than hitherto when circling. The bobbin is pre-
vented from slipping round too easily by a fine wire spring fixed on the wire
carrying it, and entered into the eye of the bobbin. The construction herein-
before described allows the carriers x to be got more closely together, so that
a much greater number than hitherto can be got into a given width of loom,
and it also permits the carrying of the indentations between the wedge
points p to a greater height, so that the warp threads can be raised higher,
which is an advantage. In some cases we use two or more circle frames in
the same loom, one in front of the other, to be operated simultaneously, or at
different times. It is our improved construction which enables us to use two
frames in this way in a practically successful manner. When a single circle
frame is used it is to be mounted in the loom and operated in the same way
as heretofore; but when two such frames are employed they may be con-
veniently arranged in the manner shown in Figure 8, which is a vertical
section of the loom, as taken parallel to the warps. This figure without being
elaborately complete as regards numerous well-known details comprises, we
believe, sufficient indications to enable the practical weaver to understand the
practical application of this part of our Invention. The first or innermost
circle frame 1 may be mounted as heretofore, and it is shown as arranged to
slide on side rods 3, which are connected by cords to weighted levers above,
so as to permit of raising and lowering the frame as required. The frame 1

page_text: open or plain sewing, whilst
or "purl" stitch. For making the
is drawn into its place for operating close against the reed 4, in which
position it is shown, by cords connecting its ends to levers on a rocking
shaft 5, which last is actuated by a treadle, and it is returned to its position
of rest over the breast beam 6 by a pair of cords 7 passing round pulleys to
weights (or weighted levers). The second or extra circle frame 2 is carried
by arms 8 'jointed to a counterweighted lever frame 9 above, and is to be
moved by hand into and out of its position for operating; it might, however,
if preferred, be arranged to move backwards and forwards by means of
treadles and suitable connections. The extra frame 2 is shown in the position
for operating, and when it has to operate, the other frame 1 must be forward
in its place against the reed, otherwise the latter frame would be in the way
of the bobbin threads of the extra frame 2. In a useful application of the
two circle frames the innermost one 1 works "
the other one 2 works a "button-hole
latter stitch a bar 10 is hinged to the inside of the frame F, as shown in
Figure 2, and wires 11 are fixed to this bar, as seen also in Figure 1, for the
bobbin threads to be guided forward by, so that when the bobbins are circled
they may pass through their own loops and form the "purl" or "button-
bole stitch. There is nothing new in making the "purl" by these means,
but we have to mention that we form the wires 11 with an additional bent
portion, seen best in Figure 1, the office of which is to press down the bobbin
threads of the innermost circle frame 1, and prevent their interfering with the
action of the extra frame 2. In general the carriers will not be arranged
so closely together as shown in Figure 1 for the extra frame 2, but in that
Figure we show how closely they can be arranged according to our improved
construction, either for a single frame, or if required for both frames. The
weaver will of course understand that in general the two circle frames will be
arranged to act upon separate lines of the fabric.
A further improvement consists in combining with the apparatus a bar or
bars with knives or sharp blades or points, to be raised by the weaver when
required to cut portions of the weft threads, and form holes in the fabric, the
edges of which are afterwards bound or covered by means of the circling
bobbins. A portion of such a knife bar is shown in Figures 4 and 5, which
are views at right angles to each other. The bar is carried upon the front of
the lathe, being guided in suitable grooves, and cords attached to its ends pass
up to the outer ends of levers overhead, whilst a cord hangs from the inner
ends of the levers, by pulling down which the weaver raises the knife bar, the
lathe being brought forward at the time to bring the points to the proper
Dositions.

page_text: Figure 6 is a front elevation, and Figure 7 is a plan, of one of the bobbin
carriers & detached, and suitable for the construction of plate P, herein-before
described; Figures 8 and 9 are transverse vertical sections through carriers
and parts of the plate P, showing modifications of the mode of fitting these
parts together. In these modifications the bosses occupying the centres of
the carriers x instead of being formed on the plate P are in separate pieces
fixed by screws, either directly to the plate P, as shown in Figure 8, or to a
strip screwed to the plate, as in Figure 9. These bosses are formed with
collars, which hold the carriers in place independently of the rack plate R,
the eyes of the carriers being shaped to fit the collars. We, however, prefer
the simpler construction first herein-before described.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we have to state that we do not restrict
ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated; but that what
we believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to
us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st, the constructing of apparatus for producing loom-sewed fabrics,
substantially in the improved manner herein described and delineated.
⚫ 2nd, the employing of two or more "circle" frames, substantially as
herein-before described.
And, 3rd, the using of a series of knives or sharpened points on a bar or
bars for cutting threads when producing loom-sewed fabrics, substantially as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Wishart and Peter Cameron,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Ninth day of October, in
'the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WILLIAM WISHART. (L.S.)
PETER CAMERON.
(L.S.)