IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: .LETTERS PATENT to Patrick MFarlane, Agent of the City of Glasgow
Bank, Comrie, in the County of Perth, North Britain, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 29th September 1857, and dated the 13th April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Patrick MFarlane at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the
13th April 1857.
I, PATRICK MOFARLANE, Agent of the City of Glasgow Bauk, Comrie, in
the County of Perth, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention consists in means or arrangements by which
a loom is made to supply its shuttle or shuttles with fresh weft when the weft
last placed in the shuttle or shuttles has become broken or exhausted. The
weft to supply the shuttles is placed in a case, which fits into the shuttle or
shuttles used in the loom, and will remain securely in the shuttle while it is
weaving, but is so constructed and arranged as to be easily displaced from the
shuttle and replaced by another weft case. Any convenient number of cases
provided with weft are placed in a suitable receptacle or receptacles, so that
each case in succession can take the place of the one removed from the
receptacle. The receptacle or receptacles containing the weft cases are placed
ou or attached to the framing of the loom opposite the shuttle box or shuttle
boxes. When the absence of the weft is detected by the weft fork, mechanism

page_text: is brought into operation that forces a weft case from the receptacle or
receptacles before mentioned into the shuttle, this act displacing the weft
case at that time in the shuttle, which passes into a suitable box or basket
provided to receive it.
By the arrangements referred to the shuttle or shuttles of a loom are
furnished with weft so long as the supply of weft cases in the receptacle or
receptacles before mentioned is not.allowed to become exhausted.
The second part of the Invention consists in means or arrangements for
stopping a loom when any certain or definite number of warp threads have
broken. In these arrangements each warp thread passes through an eye or
loop, similar to the mails of jacquard harness, and each eye has a small weight
suspended to it. When the warp threads break these weights drop on to a
trough or table placed under them. The trough is balanced, so that when
the number of threads fixed upon is broken, the weight due to them will place
the trough in such a position as will bring in action mechanism that will
release the spring handle and stop the loom.
The third part of the Invention consists in arrangements for indicating and
calling attention to the requirements of each of a number of looms by certain
siguals. This is effected by having each loom conspicuously numbered, and
connected, either electrically or mechanically, with a general index or dial
plate, so placed as to be under the eye of the attendant. This plate is
subdivided into as many distinct dial plates as there are looms connected with
it, each dial plates representing a particular loom being numbered to corre-
spond. Upon each dial plate to be one or more pointers, which being
connected with and actuated by the loom, will shew at a glance by their
position, movement, or absence of movement, when any thing is wrong in the
loom. Or the same result may be obtained by having a series of signals
analogous to those used on board of ship, which each loom itself can display
in the event of the usual incidents in the working of the loom, and which will
at once catch the eye of the attendant.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Patrick M°Farlane, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PATRICK
Macfarlane, Agent of the City of Glasgow Bank, Comrie, in the County of S
Perth, North Britain, send greeting.

page_text: .
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand.eight hundred-and-fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Patrick Macfarlane, Her special license that I, the said Patrick
Macfarlane, my executors, adminstrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Patrick Macfarlane, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Patrick Macfarlane, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the saine was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Patrick Macfarlane, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists, firstly, in means or arrangements by which a
loom is made to supply its shuttle or shuttles with fresh weft when that last
placed in the shuttle or shuttles has become broken or exhausted. The weft
to supply the shuttles is placed in a case, which fits into the shuttle or shuttle
used in the loom, and will remain securely in the shuttle while it is weaving,
but is so constructed and arranged as to be easily displaced from the shuttle
and replaced by another weft case. Any convenient number of cases provided
with weft are placed in a suitable receptacle or receptacles, so that each case
in succession can take the place of theoncremoved from the receptacle. The
receptacle or receptacles containing the weft cases are placed on or attached
to the framing of the loom opposite the shuttle box or shuttle boxes. When
the absence of the weft is detected by the weft fork, mechanism is thereby
brought into operation that forces a weft case from the receptacle or receptacles
before mentioned into, the shuttle, this act displacing the weft case at that
time in the shuttle, which passes into a suitable box or basket provided to
ceive it

page_text: By the arrangement's referred to the shuttle or shuttles of a loom are
furnished with weft so long as the supply of weft cases in the receptacle or
receptacles before mentioned is not allowed to become exhausted."
The second part of the Invention consists in means or arrangements for
stopping a loom when any certain or definite number of warp threads have
broken. In these arrangements each warp thread passes through an eye or
loop, similar to the mails of jacquard harness, and each eye has a small weight
suspended to it. When the warp threads break these weights drop' on to a
trough or table placed before them. The trough is balanced, so that when
the number of threads fixed upon is broken, the weight due to them will place
the trough in such a position as will bring in action mechanism that will
release the spring handle and stop the loom.
The third part of my Invention consists in arrangements for indicating and
calling attention to the requirements of each of a number of looms by certain
signals. This is effected by having each loom conspicuously numbered and
connected, either electrically or mechanically, with a general index or dial plate,
so placed as to be under the eye of the attendant. This plate is subdivided
into as many distinct dial plates as there are looms connected with it, each
dial plate representing a particular loom being numbered to correspond; upon
each dial plate to be one or more pointers, which being connected with and
actuated by the loom, will shew at a glance, by their position, movement, or
absence of movement, when any thing is wrong in the loom. Or the same
result may be obtained by having a series of signals, either visible or audible,
analogous to those used on board of ships, which each loom itself can display
in the event of the usual incidents in the working of the loom, and which will
at once catch the eye of the attendant.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings for the purpose of showing a few samples of the various
modifications under which my improvements may be practically carried out.
Figure 1 is an elevation or side view of a loon exhibiting one of these;
the parts of the loom not essential to the description are omitted. Figure 2 is
an elevation of the same, taken at right angles to Figure 1, looking towards
the front of the loom; Figure 3 is an end elevation, partially in section, of the
frame in which the weft or cop boxes are arranged. This term of "cop box"
I take to include any kind of weft holder that may be found suitable.
Figure 4 is a front sectional elevation, corresponding to Figure 3, and showing
one side of a tier of weft boxes placed one above another; Figure 5 is a plan,
and Figure 6 a longitudinal vertical section of the skeleton shuttle used, in

page_text: which the weft box filled with weft is shown cccupying its place in the
shuttle; Figure 7 is a transverse section of the shuttle and enclosed weft box,
corresponding to Figure 6. Figure S'is an elevation of a portion of a loom,
partially in section, showing another mode of arranging the parts connected
with the weft box frame. Figure 9 is a partially sectional elevation or side
view of another modification in which the weft boxes are arranged in a curved
trough or segmentally-shaped frame. Figure 10 represents another modi-
fication, and is a partially sectional side elevation of a portion of a loom in
which a set of skeleton shuttles are arranged in recesses or shuttle boxes made
in a suitable roller or drum, which are brought in succession opposite the weft
box frame and race, on the same principle as the chambers of a revolver are
brought opposite the barrel. Figure 11 is a transverse vertical section, and
Figure 12 a corresponding longitudinal view, partly in section, of the same.
Figure 1.3 is a front elevation, and Figure 14 a plan, of the upper portion of a
loom, showing another means for the same end, in which the shuttle and its
box are removed and replaced after being refilled with weft and replaced on
the lathe. The Figures 1 to 7, inclusive, illustrate the first system or mode
of effecting this object. Those parts of the loom in ordinary use may here be
very briefly referred to. The fraining A, the fly wheel B, on the main or crank
shaft C, which by means of the connecting rods D gives motion to the swords
E of the lathe F, as also the picking sticks G, are in this modification all
arranged in the usual manner when the pickers act from below; but if the
weft boxes are introduced at the side of the shuttle, as in one of my
fications, the picking would require to be effected from above. The weft
boxes L may be small rectangular cases of tin or other metal, narrower and
shorter at the bottom than the top, and are made to fit a corresponding
vacancy in the skeleton shuttle. The weft boxes are in this first modification
arranged in a light frame M, the front and back of which are formed of sheets
of metal, in which triangular or other shaped openings are made. This
arrangement admits of allowing the boxes to be introduced at any part of the
containing frame M. The weft box frame M is supported by means of
a vertical piece N, which is bolted at its lower end to the loom framing, the
extremities of the horizontal part of the T piece being made to embrace the
sides of the frame M, and secured theretoby pins or other suitable fastening;
to the lower part of the frame M is fitted an external case U, which froin' its
use I term the "depressor." This depressor is free to slide up and down
upon M, and it is fastened by pins or bolts to the forked ends of a bell-crank
lever P, whose fulcrum is a stud P'; fixed to the loom framing. On the lower
extremity of the lever P is a projecting part Q, which is acted upon by a cam
modi-

page_text: Ron the tappet shaft J. The perpendicular arm of the bell-crank lever Pis
drawn towards the back of the loom by means of a spiral spring S, the other
end of which is fastened to a bracket which projects outwards from the side of
the loom. To the lower part of the depressor O are hinged a pair of flaps T,
Figure 3, the bottom of which are made to project inwards, forming a kind of
foot to each of the flaps. This part of the arrangement is clearly shown in
the enlarged sectional end view, Figure 3, in which is also shown the means
for keeping the lowermost weft box suspended over the shuttle box of the
loom; thus, at each side of the weft box holder M, at its lower part, is fixed
a pair of bent springs U; these springs are curved inwards, so as to meet or
nearly meet in the centre of each side of the frame M. The weft boxes L
are made with a pin V, Figures 3 and 6, projecting from each end, and when
one of these boxes drop from the tier to the bottom of the holder M. it is
caught and retained by the pins V on the weft box, falling between the
springs U, which are made sufficiently strong to uphold a single box. An
escapement W, which is actuated by the up-and-down motion of the depressor(),
allows only one box at one time to. drop into the springs, and prevents the
upper tier of boxes falling upon the lowermost box. The depressor is main-
tained in its elevated or normal position, as shown in Figure 2, by means
of a bracket Z, which is carried in the centres a, attached to the frame M.
The point of the bracket forms a kind of latch, which springs into a notch
or catch on the front of the depressor O when raised. From the foot of
this bracket projects a bent arm or lever b, which is taken hold of by the
hook c of the weft fork when not raised, and thus lets off the depressor,
thereby striking the suspended box, Figure 3, into the shuttle, expelling
before it the one previously there into the receptacle made to receive
it in the bottom of the lathe. One end of this cavity e opens into a
pipe, which is carried downwards in an oblique direction through the lathe
batten. At the next stroke of the sword or picking stick G the used weft
box is driven through this pipe e, and falls into a basket or other suitable
receptacle placed beneath. The drawing back of the bell-crank lever P by
the spiral spring S brings the projection at its lower end in contact with the
cam on the tappet shaft, as it rotates; the cam pushes the lever P towards
the front of the loom, which action raises its upper end and with it the
depressor O. Upon the depressor being lifted by the bell-crank lever P, the
latch on the bracket Z again springs into the hole in the face of the depressor,
and the whole of the parts are thus restored to their normal position. The
arrangement of the skeleton shuttle and cop box-used in these improvements
is shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7. There is. au oblong rectangular aperture or

page_text: opening in the shuttle of the size of the weft boxes L. To cach side of the
opening at its ends are fastened a pair of springs g, which are curved inwards
towards the centre of the shuttle, as shown in the transverse vertical section,
Figure 7. When the box containing-the fresh weft is struck into the
shuttle, the springs g-hold it there by the pins Von the weft box, allowing
it in its turn to be pushed through the opening when the box is being
replaced by a fresh one. To prevent the fresh box following the expelled
one, it is in all cases necessary to arrest the latter momentarily after it has
just cleared the shuttle. This is done by the bottom of the recess in the one
case, and the back of the trough, hereafter described, in the other. The pin h
on which the weft cop is placed is jointed or otherwise fixed to the inside
of the weft box, as in the ordinary shuttle. The weft thread is brought up
through an eye in a smallcross bar on the cop box at the free end of the cop
or pirn.
In Figure S is shown another modification for supplying the shuttle with
weft. Corresponding parts of the loom in this and the preceding Figures are
marked with similar letters of reference. The weft boxes L are contained
in a vertical case M, which is supported by a T-shaped piece N, bolted to the
loom framing. At the back of the weft box holder M is a box O, open above
and below immediately over the shuttle box. A plunger P working in the
box O is connected by a handle or rod Q, which works through eyes fixed to
the case or holder M; the upper end of the rod is attached to a link R which
is fastened to a cross bar in the forked ends of the bell crankilever S; or, if
found preferable, these depressors and plungers might have their moving levers
actuated by cams instead of springs. The lever S also actuates a bell crauk
lever. T' (which is carried in brackets fixed to the sides of the holder M.). The
lower end of this bell-crank lever T is bent backwards towards an opening
made in the weft box frame M, and to the end of the lever Tis attached a
wooden block or plunger U, nearly of the size of a cop box, which freely
enters the opening in the weft box holder M. In Figure 8 this arrange-
ment of mechanism is shown in its normal position, that is to say, there is a
weft box L under the plunger P whilst the plunger U fills the opening in the
bottom of the weft box holder M. In this position the weft box L is held by
its retaining springs ready to be pressed down upon the action of the weft
fork into the shuttle at that instant in its shuttle box below. The descent of
the bell-crank lever S draws down the after end of the bell-crank lever T, and
this draws back the plunger.U out of the opening in the weft box holder M,
when of course the pile of weft boxes above the plunger instantly falls to the
bottom of the holder M, so that another weft box is stationed ready for being

page_text: '
'pushed forward into the box O. Upon the lever S being brought back to its
normal position the plunger P is raised simultaneously, and the plunger U is
forced into the opening in the weft box holder and shifts the lowest weft box
from under the rest into the station O.
Still another mode of supplying the single skeleton shuttle with weft is
shown in Figure 9. In this the weft boxes L are arranged in a curved or
segmentally shaped trough M, (or this trough may be straight and inclined
or horizontal), which is open above, and the weft boxes are arranged therein
side by side. At the lower end of the trough M is a vertical box. N, with
a plunger, similar to aud actuated in the same manner as in the last inodi-
'fication. The recessary degree of pressure to maintain.a.supply of boxes in
it so as to press the lowermost of them under the plunger O is regulated by a
lever S, jointed at one end to the standard R; the other end is forked and
presses down the boxes L. A weight T is suspended from the lever S, which
may be regulated in its descent by the curved guide T', shown in red lines or
otherwise, which as the lever sinks increases the pressure as required. Instead
of inserting the weft boxes perpendicularly into the shuttle they may be
introduced laterally or through the side of the shuttle by slightly modifying
the details of the mechanism before described.
In each of the foregoing arrangements of mechanism for supplying the
shuttles with fresh weft the weft box holder may be made to oscillate upon its
points of support, so as to keep in contact a short distance with the lathe, aud
thus afford more time for depositing the weft box in the shuttle.
..Othermodifications are when more than one skeletonshuttleareused. Figure
10 shows one of these. The shuttle boxes are recesses formed in the periphery
of a drum or cylinder A, which revolves on centres Baflixed to the lathe The
: cylinder. A is so arranged that its upper shuttle box for the time is kept by
retaining springs exactly in a line with the shuttle race, so.that this recess
corresponds for the time in all respects to the ordinary shuttle box. Thedrum
Ahas four or other convenient number of shuttle boxes. If the number be four,
as shown in Figure 10, the drum A must start forward a quadrant each time
the weft protector acts. This is effected by mechanism similar to that which
causes the chambers of a "revolver" to start successively into a line with the
barrel.. This drum is supplied with weft in the following way-The case or
bolder C for containing the filled weft boxes is arranged in a vertical position,
and is supported by a T-shaped standard D. The plunger E and other parts
, are arranged and actuated as before described. 1,2,3,4,are the boxes on the
cylinder; and H,acentral space, exactly of thesize of a cop box; 1 is at present
the working box; and 2, the one requiring fresh weft. The boxes in the

page_text: shuttles 3 and 4, as also the cavity H, are filled with false cop boxes, or boxes
having noweft therein... I, I, is a trough or shoot in front of the cylinder A.
The plunger E strikes the fresh weft box into the shuttle 4, and thereby the
empty box previously in 4 into the cavity H, and the empty box in H into
the shuttle 2, and out of the shuttle 2; the spent box formerly in it is pressed
against the back of the trough or shoot I, I, through which it falls down into
the basket, and so on successively throughout the four boxes.
.
In another modification of this part of my Invention the shuttle boxes are
formed in the periphery of a iruncated cone A, Figures 11 and 12, similarly
wrought to the arrangement shown in Fig. 10, excepting that the expelled
boxes fall into the hollow K of the cone A, and through a shoot into a basket
beneath.
Still another modification may be given as a concluding specimen of the
various modes for effecting the same object. This consists of a vertical frame
fixed to the lathe, capable of containing three shuttle boxesone above another.
In this frame are two shuttle boxes, fastened together, and capable of being
shifted upand down in the frame, so that these boxes can come alternately in a
line with the race. The mechanism is brought into action between the weft fork
and these boxes, which makes them each in its turn start into the position of
the working shuttle, while the other, being now out of use, can have its shuttle
supplied with fresh weft at leisure by any of the foregoing means.
Anotberinodificationisshown in Figures 13 and 14. In this arrangementa
pair of shuttles is used. Thus, instead of putting a weft box into the working
shuttle when the weft either breaks or is run out, the shuttle box containing the
shuttle is pushed aside, and simultaneously another, which has been previously
filled with weft, is brought in a line with the shuttle race upon the opposite
side to continue the work. Figure 13 is an elevation, and Figure 14a plan,
of the lathe of a loom arranged according to this modification. The lathe A
has at each end of it an oblong recess cut into its upper surface, forming a
table B, wide enough to hold two shuttle boxes lying side by side. The back
shuttle boxes are attached by means of links to a beam, or equal armed lever D,
Figure 14, the fulcrum of which is a bracket E, bolted to the back of the
lathe. The breast beam G is made with a projecting part H at each end,
forming also a shelf directly under the cop box frame S, aud level with the
table B, at each end of the lathe, into which the shuttle box when slid off the
lathe enters like a drawer into its place. A plunger I moves in this recess
to and fro. The plungers I are attached at the front part to a beam J, the
fulcrum of which is a bracket K. The plungers I give motion to a pair of
loose or detached shuttle boxes L, one of which is always on the lathe inaline

page_text: with the race, and giving and receiving the working shuttle. The other
working shuttle box for the time being is one of the two connected to the
lever D. To the sides of the boxes H are attached small springs M, which
press against the ends of the shuttle boxes L whilst on the shelves H. The
beam J, to which the plungers I are attached, is connected to the weft fork
levers N by means of the links O and studs P. There are two weft forks Q,
one in action and one out of action. Each weft fork indicates for the weft
box nearest it whether the shuttle is in working order. Upon the breaking or
running out of the weft, the fork Q, to the left of Figure 14, through the
lever R, causes the weft fork lever N to move ontwards, and this lever being
linked to the beam J, it moves upon its axis, and the right-hand plunger I
prosses the shuttle box L. off the shelf Hon to the table B of the lathe and into
a line with the shuttle race, and of course simultaneously moves the box C
attached to the lever D) backwards. The moving of the lever D upon its
axis causes the box C attached to its other end to be shifted inwards in a
line with the shuttle race. This movement of the left-hand box C pushes
the shuttle box L off the lathe on the shelf H, there to be leisurely filled
with fresh weft... The ends of the table B and shelf H have small angular
springs, fitting corresponding notches in the ends of the shuttle box solc,
which serve to retain the shuttles in their proper position.
In this modification the weaving is carried on with one of the shuttle boxes
Cattached to the lever D, and with one of the loose boxes L, which are
brought alternately into action, as formerly said, and serve the purpose of the
ordinary shuttle boxes on the lathe. The shuttles are supplied with weft by
means of an arrangement somewhat similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2.
In this case thedepressors are actuated by two bell-crank levers, as in Figures
1 and 2; only instead of the spring, their motion is given directly by two
camsopposite to each other at each end of the tappet shaft. This arrangement
causes the one depressor to rise when the other falls. The same effect may
be obtained in various other ways, a mechanical arrangement being applied to
bring the above motion into action from the lever N of the weft fork motion
on that side of the loom on which the expelled shuttle has just been shelved.
In the present Invention, where the personal attendance of the tenter is in a
great measure dispensed with, it becomes necessary to have some means of
removing what is called the "curl," caused by the breaking of the weft thread
in the shed. This may be effectually done by having a small needle to rise at
each alternate stroke on each edge of the web, round which the returning
weft thread bends. In ordinary cases the needle withdraws perpendicularly,
and of course produces no effect; but when the fork acts, mechanism is brought

page_text: into action, which causes these needles to diverge laterally a short way, and
thus the curled thread is drawn straight.
The next part of my Invention consists of a mode of stopping the loom when
one, two, or more of the warp threads break. This is effected under onc
modification by means of an accurately and delicately balanced beam fitted
below the warp. This beam has at one end of it a gutter or conically-shaped
trough extending across the warp; above this trough and sloping into it is
fitted an inclined plane. In passing the warp threads through the beddles,
slight weights, similar in form to needles, are passed on to the threads.
These weights rest partly on the inclined plane above the trough of the
balanced beams, so as to take off any injurious strain from the warp threads.
Upon the breakage of one, two, or more threads, as predetermined, the weight
or weights fall down the inclined plane and into the trough; the equilibrium of
the beam being thus destroyed, it turns upon its axis and brings into action
the stopping mechanism of the loom.
warp
The next and last part of my present Invention consists of an arrangement
for causing each one of a series of looms to indicate its own incidents, such as
if working or not, et cetera, so that an attendant may see at a glance whether
thewhole of the looms under his or her charge require anything. This improve-
ment may be carried out in various ways, either mechanically, or by signals
visible or audible. One mode consists of a metal dial plate divided into as
many squares as there are looms connected with it. Each of these squares is
numbered, and a corresponding number is placed on the loom. In each of the
squares is one or more small indexes, which are connected by means of a wire
with the moving or other part of the loom, so that whilst the loom is in motion
the indexes vibrate to and fro. The index plate is fitted up in a conspicuous
part of the weaving room, so that the loom tenter can at all times see how the
work is going on. By means of these various improvements the operation of
weaving may be carried on continuously, thereby, effecting not only a great
saving of time but of labour, as a loom tenter can attend to a much greater
number of looms than heretofore.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusiou, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I
consider to be novel and original, and thereforeclaim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-

page_text: First, the system or means of affecting a continuous weaving action in
looms by automatically inserting weft:in cases or cop holders into skeleton
shuttles as required.
Second, the actuation of the stop motion of looms by the fracture or failure
of the warp threads.
Third, the system or means of indicating the stoppage of looms, or pointing
outany other incidental occurrences about the looms that may require attention
by means of indicating dials or other visible or audible signals, as hercin-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Patrick Macfarlane, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
PATRICK MCFARLANE. (L.S.)