Fibrous Substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1887
Complete Left, 7th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 13th Apr., 1883
Fibrous Substances.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAING of 10 Panmure Street, Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, partner of the firm of Laing Brothers and Company, Stobwell Works,
Dundee, aforesaid, Jute Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in connection with frames for
spinning, doubling, twisting or roving jute, flax, hemp, cotton, worsted or other
fibrous substances, has a two fold object and consists as follows:-
First. The Invention relates to improvements in the driving and carrying of flyers
independently of rotating spindles of the kind set forth in the Provisional Specification
of the said William Robert Laing No. 3820 and dated the 14th day of March 1887.
Under the present improvements the hollow neck of the rotating flyer is considerably
elongated and provided with fast and loose pulleys whereby leather or equivalent
straps may be used to drive the same with less slip than is the case with cotton belting
as ordinarily employed. The bearing in which the tube carrying the fast and loose
pulleys rotates may be formed in two portions an upper and a lower portion
respectively. Within the gap situated between these upper and lower portions the
fast and loose pulleys are placed so that the driving strap may be shifted by a beltfork
or its equivalent or by hand to and from one or the other of them as it is required to
stop the flyer or put it in motion. The gap bearings for each rotating flyer are carried
on or formed in one piece with a rail of the frame.
In place of arranging the fast and loose pulleys in a gap they may be attached to
the tube either above or below the bearing, or the loose pulley may run on the bearing

page_text: independently of the tube. An oil cup or cups is or are provided for lubricating the
rotating parts. In frames so constructed the increased speed of the flyers may be
efficiently obtained by increasing the diameter of the driving cylinders but without
accelerating the speed of the driving shaft on which such cylinders are carried. The
lower part of the tube on which the fast and loose pulleys are carried is formed with
a screw for attaching the rotating flyer thereto or it may be otherwise attached.
Secondly. The Invention relates to and consists in applying fast and loose pulleys
to the rotating spindles and flyers of ordinary frames for the purpose of getting rid
of the slip due to the cotton belting ordinarily employed whereby a firmer drive of
the spindle is obtained.
Th: 41
1007
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Petitioner's Agents.

page_text: I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAING of 10 Panmure Street, Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, partner of the firm of Laing Brothers and Company, Stowell Works,
Dundee aforesaid, Jute Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention, which relatos to improvements in connection with frames for
spinning, doubling, twisting, or roving jute, flax, hemp, cotton, worsted or other
fibrous substances, has a twofold object and consists as follows:-
First. The Invention relates to improvements in the driving and carrying of flyers
independently of rotating spindles, of the kind set forth in the specification of the
said William Robert Laing No. 3820 and dated the 14th day of March 1887. Under
the present improvements the rotating or fixed hollow tubular stem or neck of the
rotating flyer is considerably elongated and provided with fast and loose pulleys,
whereby flat leather or equivalent straps may be used to drive the same, and that with
less slip than is the case with round cotton belting as ordinarily employed for driving
spindles with flyers. The bearing, in which the tubular stem or neck carrying the
fast and loose pulleys rotates, or is carried, may be formed in two portions, an upper
and a lower portion respectively. Within the gap situated between these upper and
lower portions constituting the bearing (or the two bearings as these portions may be
properly designated) the fast and loose pulleys are placed and their situation and
arrangement is such that the strap for driving the flyer may be shifted by a beltfork
or its equivalent or by hand to and from the fast and loose pulleys respectively,
accordingly as it is required to drive the flyer or to stop its rotation. The gap
bearings for each rotating flyer may either be carried on, or they' may be formed in
one piece with a rail of the spinning, doubling, twisting or roving frame.
In place of arranging the fast and loose pulleys in a gap they may be carried
on the tube constituting the neck of the flyer either above or below the bearing or
the loose pulley may run upon a projecting collar of the bearing independently of
the tubular stein or neck, or the stem or neck may be fixed, in which case the
flyer and fast pulley revolve together upon it. An oil cup or cups is or are provided
for lubricating the rotating paris. In spinning, twisting, doubling or roving frames
so constructed increased speed of the flyers may be efficiently obtained by increasing
the diameter of the driving cylinders but without accelerating the speed of the
driving shaft on which such cylinders are carried. The lower part of the neck or

page_text: 2
tube on which the fast and loose pulleys are carried is formed with a screw for
attaching the rotating flyer thereto or the flyer may (less conveniently however) be
formed in one piece with the said neck or tube or it may be otherwise attached
thereto.
Secondly. The Invention relates to and consists in applying fast and loose pulleys
to the rotating spindles and flyers of ordinary spinning, twisting, doubling or roving
frames whereby flat belts of leather or other material may be used for driving the
same and the slip due to the cotton belting ordinarily employed is got rid of and a
firmer drive of the spindle obtained.
In order that my Invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
At Figure 1, of the annexed drawings, there is shewn in section one arrangement
of a flyer A, provided with fast and loose pulleys for admitting of the shifting of a flat
leather or other equivalent flat driving belt from the fast to the loose pulley or vice
versa as it is required to drive or to stop the driving of the flyer A¹. The lower driving
pulley A, is shewn as formed in one piece with the tubular stem B, of the flyer but it
may be formed separately therefrom and keyed or shrunk upon the same stem. The
pulley C, is the loose pulley and it revolves round the upper part of the stem B, at
those times when the belt is shifted from the fast pulley A, in order. to stop the
rotation of the flyer. The stem B, revolves in the upper and lower bearings D, which
are attached to the rail of the spinning, twisting, doubling or roving frame, by the
bolts X, shewn in dotted lines passing through the bearing pieces D, their screwed
ends entering tapped holes in the rail M, into and against which they are screwed up
: tight as shewn or one or both of these bearings may form part of the rail. The
bearings may be arranged in any other suitable manner but the arrangements shewn
in Figure 1, is a very convenient one as it enables the flyer and parts to which it is
attached to be easily removed when required and as easily replaced. The pieces D,
constituting the upper and lower bearings are formed with oil cups G, by which oil
is fed to the bearings through the small holes a, Figures 2 to 5, of which Figure 2,
is a plan of the upper bearings shewn at Figure 1, and Figure 3 a plan of the lower
bearing shewn in the said Figure. Figures 4 and 5 are end views of the caps D, of
these bearings. A wad, like a gun-wad or a piece of cloth or other analogous material
is placed in the bottom of the oil cups G, which supplies the oil to the bearings slowly.
but in sufficient quantity for proper lubrication without waste of oil.
At Figure 6, there is shewn a similar view of my improved flyer also arranged for
being driven by a flat belt of leather or other suitable material but in this case the
loose pulley C, in place of revolving directly upon the hollow neck of the flyer as
shewn in Figure 1, is a ring which revolves upon an upwardly projecting collar part
of the lower bearing H, as shewn in the drawing.
The upper pulley A, is in this case the driving pulley, being either formed in
one piece with or attached to the hollow stem of the flyer by a key or by being
shrunk thereon or otherwise attached thereto.
In place of attaching the bearings D, singly to the rail M, they may be cast
together in sets of say, six or other convenient number and bolted in groups to the
rail, the uniting faces of the bearings D, and those of the rail M, being planed to
fit easily and accurately together. The upper and lower bearing pieces D, shewn in
Figures 1, and 6,' may have fitted to them covers Y, in front for enclosing and
protecting the fast and loose pulleys.
In the preceding Figures 1, to 6, inclusive, I have shewn how my improved flyers
with fast and loose pulleys for a flat driving belt are or may be carried in a gap or
double bearing attached to the rail of a spinning, twisting, doubling or roving frame.
My improved flyers provided with such fast and loose pulleys may also be carried in a
single bearing as shewn in vertical section at Figure 7. The flyer A', is shewn
screwed to the lower part of the revolving tubular stem or neck B, but it may be
formed in one piece therewith or otherwise attached thereto and this tubular stem or
reck B, is carried in the bearing piece E, attached to the rail M, by screws K, in the
. same manner as the bearing pieces D, are attached to the rail M, in Figures 1 and 2.

page_text: To the tubular stem or neck B, the fast pulley A, is firmly attached or it may be
formed in one piece therewith and on to the upper part of the stem or neck B, the
loose pulley C, is carried. From the construction shewn at Figure 7, it will be seen
that when the flat belt is upon the fast pulley A, the flyer A, is rotated and that
when it is shifted therefrom to the loose pulley C, the flyer stops.
A modification of the foregoing arrangement is shewn at Figure 8, and in which
the position of the fast and loose pulleys A, and C, is the reverse of that shewn at and
hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 7, that is to say in Figure 8, the upper
pulley A, is the fast pulley being firmly attached to a tubular rotating neck or stem B,
whilst the lower pulley C, is the loose pulley, it rotating when the driving belt is
shifted on to it upon the upwardly projecting collar H, of the bearing. In the
arrangement shown at Figures 7 and 8, it will be observed that the fast and loose
pulleys are situated upon a portion of the tubular neck or stem B, projecting above
the bearings E, but it is to be understood that in lieu of so placing them above the
bearings E, this position may be reversed, that is to say, the tubular neck or stem B,
may be fitted so that its upper part is contained within the bearing E, whilst the fast
and loose pulleys are placed upon that portion of the neck or stem situated between
the underside of the bearing E, and the tops of the flyer A¹. As this modification of
the arrangement shewn at Figures 7 and 8, will be obvious to a mechanician or to any
one skilled in the use of flyers in the operations of spinning, twisting, doubling or
roving frames, I have not thought it necessary to illustrate it by drawings.
According to my Invention fast and loose pulleys may also be applied for the
driving and stopping of rotating flyers without the necessity of the tubular stem or
neck revolving, that is to say, the tubular stem or neck may be fixed to or form part
of an attachment to the rail of spinning, twisting, doubling or roving frames and the
fast pulley may be fixed to the flyer for revolving it on the fixed tubular stem or
neck, and with the loose pulley carried on the said neck. Such an arrangement is
shewn in vertical transverse section at Figure 9, wherein the tubular stem or neck B,
is firmly scrowed into the bearing piece D, and the flyer A', has the fast. pulley A,
formed in one piece with or firmly attached to it. The flyer A', with its fast pulley A,
and the loose pulley C, are kept upon the tubular stem or neck B, by the nut E, or
they may be otherwise suitably retained thereon.
At Figure 10, I have shewn my improved flyer A¹, formed, as it may be, in one
piece with the tubular stem or neck B, and in such way that the fast and loose
pulleys, A, and C, are both arranged below the bearing piece D, and between its
underside and the upper part of the flyer A. In this arrangement a long and steady
bearing is obtained for the flyer neck B, by means of the downward projecting collar H,
on which the loose pulley C, runs.
At Figure 11, on the annexed sheets of drawings, I have shewn my improvements
of applying a flat belt with fast and loose pulleys to the spindles of an ordinary
spinning twisting, roving or doubling frame. In this Figure, the part marked A, is
the ordinary neck rail of such frame and that marked B, is the lower or step rail in
which the lower or step bearing of the spindle C, is carried. Upon the spindle C, are
the fast and loose pulleys D, and E, respectively. Over the fast pulley D, the driving
belt F, is shewn as passing, it being actuated from the driving drum G.
In the upper
part of the fast pulley D, an oil reservoir H, is formed as shewn in the enlarged section
of the spindle C, and the fast and loose pulleys D, and E, at Figure 12. From this
reservoir H, a slot I, leads downwards through which oil descends to lubricato the
loose pulley E, below. Upon the spindle a collar J, is placed to retain the loose
pulley E, in its proper position. When the belt is running on the fast pulley D,
as shewn in hard lines at Figure 11, it drives the spindle but when in the position
shewn in dotted lines in the said Figure, it drives the loose pulley E, and the rotation
of the spindle is accordingly stopped. For the purpose of shifting the driving belt F,
from the fast to the loose pulley the device shewn at Figure 11, may be usefully
employed. This device consists in mounting for each spindle in the frame upon
the shifter rod K, a counterweighted lever L. To the outer end of this lever L, there
is coupled a rod M. From the sides of this rod there project a pair of belt prongs N,

page_text: through or between which the belt F, travels. To the lower part of the rod M, there
is attached a fork piece or treadle O, and when the foot is not applied to the treadle O,
the counterweight P, on the lever L, maintains the rod M, and the prongs N, in the
position shewn in hard lines in Figure 11, that is to say, with the driving belt F,
running upon the fast pulley D. When it is desired to stop the rotation of the
spindle C, by shifting the belt F, to the loose pulley E, this is offecting by applying
the foot to the treadlo O; and forcing it downwards, the effect of. which is to lower
the rod M, and prongs N, into the position shewn in dotted lines at Figure 11, and
consequently to shift the belt from the fast pulley D, to the loose pulley E, which
being effected the driving of the spindle is immediately stopped. Simultaneously
with this shifting of the belt F, the counterweighted lever L, is moved round its axis
upon the shifter rod K, into the position shown in dotted lines at Figure 11, whereby
the counterweight P, is raised as there shewn, so that on releasing the foot from the
treadle O, the counterweight P, by its falling action raises the rod M, and the.
prongs N, into the upper position, thereby shifting the belt F, back again on, to
the driving pulley D, when the rotation of the spindle again takes place.
It is to be understood that whilst in the drawings hereto appended, the flyers are
shewn with solid or spinning legs yet all the driving arrangements equally apply to
flyers either for spinning or roving, in the latter case the legs of the flyers being made
hollow.
It will be observed that in all the arrangements of flyers rotating independently of
their pins or spindles on which the bobbins are carried, hereinbefore described and
shewn upon the annexed drawings the flyers have no bottom bearing and are in no.
way connected to the pins or spindles and that the.bearings are in all cases above the
flyers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In frames for spinning, twisting; doubling or roving fibrous substances, sucli
as jute, flax, hemp, cotton, worsted or their analogues, the construction of the flyers
with fast and loose pulleys whereby they are rendered capable of being driven by
means of a flat belt of leather or other material running on the fast pulley attached to
the flyers or their rotation stopped by the shifting of the said flat belt on to the loose
pulley substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn upon Figures 1 to 10 inclusive
of the annexed sheets of drawings..
2. In frames for spinning, twisting, doubling or roving fibrous substances, such as
jute, flax, hemp, cotton, worsted or their analogues, the construction of the spindles
with fast and loose pulleys thereon whereby such spindles are rendered capable of
being driven by means of a flat driving belt of leather or other material running upon
the fast pulley attached to the spindle or their rotation stopped by the shifting of the
said flat belt on to the loose pulley substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn
at Figures 11 and 12 of the annexed drawings.
Dated this 6th day of February 1888