Improvements in Arrangements or Apparatus for Ventilating Halls, Rooms, Ships, Carriages, or other Interiors.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Mar., 1890-Accepted, 7th June, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements or Apparatus for Ventilating Halls,
Rooms, Ships, Carriages, or other Interiors.
I, DAVID GEORGE HOEY of Commercial Bank Buildings, 8 Gordon Street, Glasgow,
Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to arrangements or apparatus for ventilating halls, rooms
ships, carriages, or other interiors and consists in certain improvements in the
construction and heating of the outlet ventilating shafts, funnels or flues, the appli-
cation of which will give a much greater velocity of vitiated air discharge than can
be obtained from ventilating shafts or funnels as presently constructed and heated,
and to certain improvements in the inlet ventilating arrangements.
Ventilating shafts, funnels and flues, as presently constructed and heated in the
best existing manner, are so arranged that a small central column of air is alone
highly heated by the gas jets or other heating appliance. The consequence of this is
that the much larger body of surrounding air in the funnel, shaft or flue is not
effectively heated and the velocity of ascension or discharge is low and inadequate.
Under my invention the air in the funnel, shaft or flue is highly heated by passing
over a large heating surface or series of surfaces; whilst the great expansion of the
ascending air, attained by this superheating, is conserved, by the method after
described of insulating the heat in the funnel," shaft or flue; the velocity of upward
discharge is therefore very great.
For the inlet of fresh air to the hall, room, ship, carriage or other interior I, in all
cases where it is possible, prefer to use the entering fresh air dado apparatus described
in my prior patent No. 5931 dated 21st April 1888. In this apparatus the entering
fresh air passes from a duct through lateral openings into a dado space where it
becomes diffused and enters the room or other interior without draughts. In cases
where the dado arrangement cannot conveniently be used such as in the small
compartments or interiors of carriages, an arrangement of inlet ventilating apparatus
substantially the same as that hereinafter described may be employed.
In order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereanto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings whereon,
Fig. 1 shows in vertical section one arrangement of an outlet ventilating shaft or
funnel as constructed and heated in accordance with my invention.
Fig. 2 shows in vertical section a different construction of funnel or shaft.
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of a shaft or flue of rectangular formation.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line B, B, fig. 5, of an outlet ventilating funnel
or shaft having four air heating tubes or funnels in it.
Fig. 5 is a reduced sectional plan on the line A, A of the circular shaft or funnel,
fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a view of a railway carriage door partly broken away with an inlet
ventilating arrangement.
Referring to the drawings-
a,
is the main ventilating shaft, funnel or flue used for outlet ventilation, in which
is fitted or suspended a second, preferably, sheet iron funnel or shaft b. The shaft
or funnel b may have a sunlight e, provided with the usual cover or reflector /
attached to it. In the centre of the sunlight is fitted a cone, c, or its equivalent,
preferably, made of or covered with mica, asbestos ; fossil-meal or other non-conducting
material. Round about the base of the cone ca number of small tubes or funnels a
are fitted (or outlet holes may be made in lieu of funnels) which conduct the heated
air and products of combustion focussed or collected in the sunlight directly against

page_text: the erige of the shaft or funnel b and the metal being a good conductor the shaft
soon becomes highly heated throughout its length thus forming a large heating
surface over which the escaping air passes whereby it is greatly expanded and a high
velocity of discharge upwards is produced. If desired the main shaft funnel or
flue a may also be heated in like manner by carrying along the cover or reflector
of the sunlight from the edge of the cone to near the lower end of the shaft, funnel
or flue a as indicated in dotted lines at fig. 1, and there, by means of funnels or
holes as before described, causing the heated air to impinge on said outer shaft,
funnel or fine. The burners of the sunlight e are preferably smoke consuming and
high beat producing.
Instead of or auxiliary to, a sunlight as herein before described the shaft or
funnel may have at its extreme lower edge, as shown at fig. 2, a bent up part
forming a trough, groove or channel ƒ (or it may have a trough shaped piece
attached to it) into which is placed a pipe 9 having gas jeis or an equivalent
heating appliance, preferably smoke consuming and high heat producing, which
acts directly upon the lower part of the shaft and the metal being a good conductor
the shaft soon becomes highly heated throughout its length thus forming a large
heating surface over which the escaping air passes. In this figure the outer enclosing
shaft or funnel a is also shown as being made with a trough f and as being heated
by gas jets in the same manner as the shaft or funnel b.
To conserve the entire heat and expansion of the air in the funnel shaft or flue and
to prevent the heat being communicated to the wood work or other material in its
proximity the method of insulation shown particularly in fig. 2 is provided. The
shaft flue or funnel a is covered on its outside surface with mica or with asbestos
.sheeting or with asbestos paint or any other suitable non-conducting material or
substance n and encased in an outer concentric tabe k which is covered on its inner
surface with mica or with asbestos sheeting or paint or other suitable non-conducting
material or substance; with a clear air space i between the two mica or asbestos
or other non conducting coverings. The cover or reflector of the sunlight fig. 1
may also be covered with mica, asbestos or other non conducting substance if
desired.
As shown at fig. 3 the funnel, shaft or flue instead of being round may be of
rectangular formation, and have the gas jets g or their equivalent arranged around the
four sides or around only two of the sides. The funnel a is, as before, enclosed in an
outer tube provided with the insulating arrangement already described, consisting of
mica, asbestos or other non conducting coverings having a clear air space i between
them. If desired the funnel may be divided by one or more partitions or divisions
and the divisions heated in the manner already described. Circular or rectangular
flues or funnels b, heated in the manner already described, may be fixed in the centre
or other part of the rectangular funnels or flues if so desired.
In figs. 4 and 5 a large outer funnel is shown inside of which is fitted four funnels b,
heated in the manner already described. These heating funnels b may be divided off
from each other by partitions m (shown dotted at Fig. 5) heated or not as desired. o is
a support for the person cleaning the funnel, or attending to the gas jets, to stand
on. p is a hemispherical grating which may be used to enclose the lower end of
the shaft.
Instead of using one or more inner directly heated shafts or tubes b, one or more
metal plates, or other equivalent directly heated surfaces, may be suspended or fitted
in the ventilating shaft or funnel.
In fig. 6 an arrangement is shown for the inlet ventilation of railway or other
carriages. r is a railway carriage door which has the usual hollow body s into which
the window. sinks when let down. On the drawing the window is shown closed.
Entering fresh air is admitted to the body s through an opening s¹ which has,
preferably a deflector or baffle t covering it on the upper side and the baffle is so
shaped or bent down, as indicated, that the entering fresh air shall issue laterally
through the openings left at either side of the deflector or baffle and become diffused
throughout the hollow body s the door in the same manner as in my prior patent

page_text: No. 5931 of 1888. The bo lys thus becomes a reservoir of fresh air. From this
reservoirs the fresh air passes through a flap grating u, hinged at u.u², into the
interior of the carriage. By making the grating u hinged the window can,
at any
time, be lowered by simply lifting or drawing back the grating and allowing the
window to fall into the hollow body or reservoir s. The window may be so fitted that
its lowering will cut off the entry of air through the hollow body or reservoir s.
Instead of the grating u any other covering having numerous holes or perforations may
be used if desired. Instead of having an opening s¹ a number of air inlet holes may
be bored in the lower part of the outer side of the door, in this case a piece of wire
gauze or its equivalent is fitted across the hollow body or reservoirs just above the
holes, as indicated in dotted lines. In some cases it may be found advantageous to
fit one or more entering fresh air reservoirs underneath the seats or in any other
convenient situation within the carriage and the reservoir or reservoirs may be supplied
with fresh air from the compressed air cylinder of the atmospheric brake, if a brake
of this description is fitted to the carriage; or from a cylinder fitted under each
carriage and charged with compressed air by pumping apparatus on the engine or
from compressed air tanks or in other manner. When compressed air is used the air
would preferably be led into the reservoir through one or more nozzles or tubes
having on them taps for regulating the air supply. The compressed air issues from
the tubes or nozzles in small quantities and is deflected or baffled as herein before
described with reference to the door and thus becomes gradually diffused throughout
the reservoir, issuing therefrom without preceptible current or draught. The arrange-
ment of compressed air apparatus is very suitable for underground railways or for
trains travelling through long tunnels. The entering air may be warmed if so desired.
In railway saloon carriages the dado arrangement covered under my prior patent
No. 5931 of 1888 may be fitted at conveniently available parts in or around the
saloon. For the outlet ventilation of railway carriages the arrangement of double
tube illustrated at fig. 1 may be employed with the carriage lamp as a means of
heating.
When it is desired to apply my invention to the ordinary chimneys of fireplaces so
as to increase the rate of upward discharge, a circular, rectangular or other tube, (such
as b) or a metal plate is fitted in the chimney and the heat of the fire is made to
impinge against it. The directly heated tube or plate is so hung or fitted with
reference to the vitiated air, which is preferably brought down from the top of the
room by a tube or equivalent and enters the chimney at the bottom, that this air may
come into contact with the whole heating surface of the tube or plate; if a tube, going
up through as well as around it; if a plate, coming directly into contact with it
over its whole length. The tube or plate may be directly heated by gas jets when the
fire is not used. Instead of having a heated tube or plate in the chimney or flue
the sides of the chimney or flue itself may be directly heated in like manner.
My invention may be used on board ship for the efficient outlet ventilation of
saloons, cabins, state-rooms, berths, engine rooms, stokeholds etc. In this case the
arrangement, herein before described, of an enclosing shaft or funnel, heated or not,
with a superheated tube or funnel fitted or suspended therein may be employed; or,
in the case of steamships, if so desired, instead of, or as an alternative or adjunct
to, the above arrangement an outer concentric tube directly heated and insulated in
the manner herein before described may be fitted round the smoke funnel which may
itself be superheated in like manner and a clear air space left between the funnel and
the concentric enclosing tube for outlet ventilation purposes. Tubes for carrying off
the vitiated air may be led from the different cabins, berths &c. to the annular air
space around the smoke funnel.
The entering fresh air may be conducted down by means of ducts to fresh air
reservoirs arranged at conveniently available parts in or around the saloons, cabins, or
other ship interiors as described in my prior patent No. 5931 of 1888.
It is understood that although I have shown circular and rectangular shafts I do not
confine myself thereto, as the shafts may be triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal or of

page_text: any other desired shape; and the inner shifts may be two or three as well as one or
four or any number desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:―
1. The superheating of the escaping air within an outlet ventilating shaft,
funnel or flue by means of gas jets or their equivalent acting directly upon the
body of the shaft, funnel or flue itself or upon other heating surfaces provided
within it for the purpose, substantially as and for the advantages hereinbefore
set forth.
2. An outlet ventilating shaft, funnel or flue made with or having attached to
it a bent up part or trough or its equivalent, at its lower end, in which the
heating appliance is placed or fitted, substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown.
3. An outlet ventilating shaft or funnel made with or having attached to its
lower end a sunlight provided with a coned or dished part in the centre of the
cover or reflector of the sunlight and with funnels or openings for directing the
heated air and products of combustion against the lower end of said ventilating
shaft or funnel, substantially as herein before described and shown.
4. The combination with an outer ventilating shaft of an inner concentric
directly heated shaft or of a plate or its equivalent, substantially as hereinbefore
described and shown.
5. The combination with an inner directly heated ventilating shaft of an outer
concentric directly heated shaft, substantially as herein before described and shown.
6. The combination with a directly heated ventilating shaft of one or inore
enclosing tubes or shafts lined with mica, asbestos or other suitable non-conducting
material or substance, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
7. The rectangular construction of directly heated shaft, funnel or flue divided or
not by a partition or partitions, substantially as herein before described with reference
to fig. 3 of the drawings annexed.
8. The combination with an outer enclosing shaft, of two or more smaller directly
heated shafts fitted therein and having or not partitions to divide them off from one
another, 'substantially as hereinbefore described and shown.
9. The combination with a steamship funnel, of an outer enclosing directly heated
shaft or funnel, substantially as hereinbefore specified.
10. The inlet ventilating arrangements for railway carriages, substantially as herein-
before described.
Dated this 97th day of Februo 1800
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.