Improvements in or connected with Lamps, Stoves, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1896
Complete Consification Loft 2101
4000
Ond
4007
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Lamps, Stoves, and the like.
I. DANIEL CALVERT, of 14 Commercial Street, Batley, in the County of York,
Artist, Carver, and Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with lamps, stoves, and
the like. Its objects are first, to make the wick more durable without in any way
diminishing its lighting or heating power; and, second, to provide means for
automatically extinguishing the lamps, stoves, and the like whereby there is a
minimum degree of danger of explosion in the event of the lamp, stove, or the like
being carried from place to place or accidentally or otherwise moved, tilted, upset
or raised from the table or support, and at the same time an increased amount of
heat, and light of increased brilliancy and gas like appearance may be obtained
from the wick..
According to this invention the wick of lamps, stoves, and the like. are composed
of asbestos or a combination of asbestos and cotton fibres woven together in the
manner and form of wicks ordinarily used in paraffin and benzoline lamps and
stoves. Or wicks of ordinary construction may be opened out or divided at one
end and strands or pieces of asbestos inserted and secured therein by any con-
venient means.
Or a short piece of wick armed with pieces or strands of asbestos
to form a tip may be wrapped directly round or inserted in the wick tube of the
burner, or the wick may be wholly or partially enclosed in a metal or other gauze
or perforated casing, to be hereafter referred to, which is inserted in or around
the wick tube (which may be slotted or otherwise) of the burner with or without
an additional wrapping of cotton wool or other absorbent material to form a
sponge for raising the oil or spirit to the burning point of the wick by capillary
attraction.
The body of the lamp, stove, or the like is provided internally with a central
(or nearly so) tube hereafter termed a wick containing tube, which passes to the
bottom (or nearly so) of the vessel containing the oil or spirit; or the said wick
containing tube may pass entirely through the oil or spirit vessel. In the latter
case the wick tube proper to be hereafter described may pass up the centre of the
wick containing tube and be made to communicate with the oil or spirit vessel or
feeder. Or the said tube for containing the wick may be arranged at a suitable
distance from the vessel or feeder, and the oil or spirit conveyed to one, two or
more of the said wick containing tubes by means of a pipe or pipes, either with or
without the addition of valves, taps, or forcing apparatus, such as for example
weights or suction appliances, for forcing or raising the oil or spirit to the burning
points. When two or more of these wick containing tubes are arranged on a
pendant, or bracket, or tube, or in clusters, they may be used for household, or
window, or church lighting purposes, and fed from one vessel or receiver.
The wick containing tube or wick tube proper when it passes entirely to the
bottom of the oil or spirit vessel may be perforated for the admission of oil
or spirit to the wick or absorbent cotton or sponge which is placed in the said
tube.
Air to the burner is preferably admitted thereto through a separate tube of
any suitable size and shape which is arranged to pass from any convenient part

page_text: or
of the body or stand of the lamp, stove, or the like to near the wick tube
proper of the burner and within the chimney glass. This air tube may pass
either through the interior of the body or stand of the lamp, stove, or the like or
on the outside thereof. Or the central tube with wick tube proper in its centre
may be employed for the admission of air. By this means the ordinary air holes
may be dispensed with or entirely closed.
The burner I prefer employing is constructed as follows:-
The tube or tubes for receiving the wick, that is the wick tube or tubes proper,
may be either rectangular, or circular when the burner is made say in the Argand
type of burner, and it is, or they are, arranged to pass any suitable and convenient
distance into the before mentioned central or other wick containing tube in the oil
or spirit vessel of the lamp. The wick tube or tubes proper may be slotted or
perforated, or when say of rectangular shape for a flat wick, their side portions
may be removed, and the two end portions may be slotted to permit of the wick in
the lamp beyond the inner end of the wick tube proper being coiled up, through
the centre of which a pin is passed and its ends work or slide in the slotted end
pieces.
.
The wick tube proper may (or may not) also be provided with a tip corrugated
or fluted longitudinally, spirally, helically, or angularly, and a wick constructed as
herein described or of ordinary construction may pass up the inside of the said
tube or be wrapped round its periphery. When wrapped round the periphery or
any portion of the burner it may be preferably though not necessarily so enclosed
in a wire gauze or perforated metal casing of the same shape as the wick tube, and
slotted if desired for the wheel to act on the wick. This gauze or other casing
may be arranged to pass into, or around the wick tube, or be placed on the wick
below the wick tube proper; and when two rectangular wick tubes are employed,
as for instance in a duplex lamp,-then the gauze or other casing may be shaped
somewhat in the form of the letter U and the adjusting arrangement may be
attached to its base. When the ordinary wheel adjusting mechanism is dispensed
with (which I prefer to do, but which is not absolutely necessary to the successful
working of my arrangement) then on the gauze or other casing is provided a lug
or projection which forms a nut for a screw thread formed or cut upon or attached
to the end of an adjusting rod. The adjusting rod may work in and through a
vertical tube provided in the inside of the body of the lamp or wick tube, and
when preferred the screw thread may be arranged to be fixed to the upper end of
the adjusting rod and to slide upon and cover the periphery of the vertical tube.
The adjusting rod is armed at its outer end with a head for regulating the height
of the wick by rotating the adjusting rod and the said rod may also be connected
to and with the flame extinguishing arrangement by any convenient means such as
for example lever or levers, (bifurcated or otherwise), rods, weights, or it or their
equivalents, for imparting a sliding motion to said rod but in such a manner that
the wick adjusting arrangement may be operated independently of the sliding
motion for extinguishing purposes. The adjusting rod may be arranged to slide
as well for adjusting the wick.
The upper portion of the wick tube proper is armed with a projection on each.
end thereof for spreading the flame, or in the case of a round burner at opposite
points. The spreaders may be made to form a part of the wick tube proper by
extending its ends above the burning point, or they may be hinged thereto, as is
the case of some classes of benzoline lamps; in which case they may if desired be
also employed for extinguishing purposes.
In order to arrange for the flame to be automatically extinguished, with or
without altering the position of the wick, in case of accident, or when the use of
the lamp, stove, or the like is not further required, a pair of wings armed at their
base with enlarged flaps or projections (with or without perforations) which form
weights (so that when in their normal position they are closed by their own weight
together over the wick or wicks), as well as are employed for gathering the air.
The said wings are either jointed to the top of the wick tube or tubes proper, or to

page_text: a sliding sleeve or sleeves arranged to the said wick tube or tubes in which case
weights may also be provided for closing (or opening) the winge. Or the
extinguisher may take the form of a shutter pivoted to a sliding sleeve as shown
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me the Sixteenth day of
March 1893, No. 5679, or pivoted directly to the wick tube proper. These said
wings may be arranged to work between the before named spreaders.
The wings or shutters when attached to sliding sleeves and used for burners with
double wick tubes, such as the duplex lamps, may be connected together by any
suitable means such as a connecting bar, as shown in my before mentioned specifi-
cation, or its equivalent, so as to be operated simultaneously by an ordinary
extinguishing lever by hand or by means of one or more forked or other levers
fulcrummed to the burner or lamp body, on say a horizontal rod or rods, actuated
by one or more vertical rod or rods, (working if desired in a tube or tubes, but not
necessarily so), weight or weights, or spring or springs, or two or more of them
combined, or it or their equivalents. Or the wings or shutters may be connected
by a forked or other lever or levers separately with or in combination with the
before named adjusting rod which may either be slotted, hooked, or armed with
a projection or projections for this purpose. Or the said lever or levers for
operating the extinguishing wings may take the form and place of, or be jointed
to the handle or body of the lamp, stove, or the like, and be instantly actuated
by weight or weights or spring or springs when moved by hand, or from the table
or place or point of suspension.
The herein described improvements may, if desired, be applied to and take the
place of parts of the lamp described in my hereinbefore mentioned Specification
No. 5679 of 1893.
DANIEL CALVERT,
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.
Improvements in or connected with Lamps, Stoves,
I, DANIEL CALVERT, of 14 Commercial Street, Batley, in the County of York,
Artist, Carver, and Gilder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with lamps, stoves, and
the like. Its objects are first, to make the wick more durable without in any way
diminishing its lighting or heating power; and, second, to provide means, for
automatically extinguishing the lamps, stoves, and the like whereby there is a
minimum degree of danger of explosion in the event of the lamp, stove, or the like
being carried from place to place or accidentally or otherwise moved, tilted, upset
or raised from the table or support, and at the same time an increased amount of
heat, and light of increased brilliancy and gas like appearance may be obtained
from the wick.
In the drawings hereunto annexed I have shown several examples of how my
invention may be carried into practice, and as far as possible similar parts are
marked with the same letters of reference.
Referring, first, to the wick and its construction which are shown at Figs. 1 to 8
which are respectively elevations and sections.
According to this invention the wicks of lamps, stoves, and the like are composed
of asbestos or a combination of asbestos and cotton fibres as shown at A. Fig. 1,

page_text: woven together in the manner and form of wicks ordinarily used in paraffin and
benzoline lampe and stoves. Or, as at Fig. 2, a wick A of ordinary construction
may be opened out or divided at one end, and strands or pieces of asbestos B
inserted and secured therein by any convenient means. Or as at Fig. 3 a short
piece of wick A armed with pieces or strands of asbestos B to form a tip may be
wrapped directly round or inserted in the wick tube C of the burner; or as at
Fig. 4 the wick A may be wholly or partially enclosed in a metal or other gauze
or perforated casing D to be hereafter referred to, which is inserted in or around
the wick tube C (which may be slotted as shown at Fig. 17 or otherwise) of the
burner with or without an additional wrapping of cotton wool or other absorbent
material E to form a sponge for raising the oil or spirit to the burning point of the
wick by capillary attraction.
At Fig. 5 I have shown pieces of asbestos B inserted in the top of the wick
tube C and a sponge E of absorbent material placed below but touching it to
conduct the oil or spirit up to the asbestos tip.
At Fig. 6 the tip of asbestos B is shown enclosed in a carrier D composed of
metal gauze inserted within a wick tube C.
Fig. 7 shows a wick A inserted in a U shaped carrier D composed of metal
gauze for insertion in the wick tubes of a duplex lamp.
At Fig. 8 the wick A is shown applied to the periphery of an Argand wick
tube C which may (or may not) be corrugated as shown, and the wick is
surrounded by a carrier D of metal gauze.
I will now explain the construction of the lamps and stoves I prefer using, and
the application of the above described wicks thereto, but I would have it distinctly
understood that the above described wicks and carriers may be used with lampa
and stoves of ordinary construction.
The body of the lamp, stove, or the like, hereafter termed the body Fis
provided internally with a central (or nearly so) tube hereafter termed a wick
containing tube G, which passes to the bottom (as at Fig. 17) or nearly so (as at
Fig. 15) of the vessel F' containing the oil or spirit; or the said wick containing
tube may if so desired pass entirely through the oil or spirit vessel. In the latter
case the wick tube proper C to be hereafter described may pass up the centre of
the wick containing tube G and be made to communicate with the oil or spirit
vessel or feeder. Or the said tube for containing the wick may be arranged at a
suitable distance from the vessel or feeder, as at Figa. 20, 23 and 24, and the oil or
spirit conveyed to one, two or more of the said wick containing tubes G by means
of a. pipe or pipes H, either with or without the addition of valves, taps, or forcing
apparatus, such as for example weights or suction appliances, for forcing or raising
the oil or spirit to the burning points.
When two or more of these wick containing tubes are arranged on a pendant as
at Fig. 25 or bracket as at Fig. 21 or on a tube H as at Fig. 24 or in clusters, they
may be used for household, or window, or church lighting purposes, and fed from
one vessel or receiver. The wick containing tube G (and wick tube proper also)
when it passes entirely to the bottom of the oil or spirit vessel may be perforated
as at g.Fig. 17 for the admission of oil or spirit to the wick A or absorbent cotton
or sponge E which is placed in the said tube G.
Air to the burner is preferably admitted thereto through a separate vertical
tube I as at Fige. 15 and 17 of any suitable size and shape which is arranged to
pass from any convenient part of the body as at Fig. 15 or stand J as at Fig. 17
of the lamp, stove, or the like to near the wick tube proper of the burner, or it
may if so desired also pass within the chimney or glass as at Figs. 30, 31 and 51,
where two air tubes I are employed one on each side of the wick tube C, or the
air tube I may be placed in the position shown at Fig. 50. In some cases one or
more air tubes I as at Figs. 46 and 47 may be fixed directly to the wick tube C
and provided with a cap i which conducts the air to the wick. When required the
air tube I may be perforated at its top as at 2 Fig. 30 and a separate opening [*
provided in the body F for the admission of air.

page_text: By admitting air through tube I to the body F not only is the oil kept cooler
that at present, but it is also kept more in contact with the wick, and a more
brilliant light is obtained. This air tube I may pass either through the interior of
the body as at Fig. 15 or stand of the lamp, stove, or the like or on the outside
thereof. Or a central tube K (Fig. 50) contracted at its top with the wick around
or a wick tube proper in its centre may be employed for the admission of air. By
this means the ordinary air holes may be dispensed with or entirely closed, and the
burner made air tight so as not to permit of any vapour or gases arising from the
products of combustion uniting or combining with the oil and exploding.
The burner I prefer employing is constructed as follows:-
The tube or tubes C for receiving the wick, that is the wick tube or tubes
proper, may be either rectangular, or circular when the burner is made say in the
Argand type of burner, and it is, or they are, arranged to pass any suitable and
convenient distance into the before mentioned central or other wick containing
tube G in the oil or spirit vessel of the lamp, that is the body F. The wick tube
or tubes proper C may be slotted as at c Fig. 17 or perforated, or when say of
rectangular shape for a flat wick, their side portions may be removed, as at
Figs. 21 and 22, and the two end portions c¹ may be slotted as at ex Fig. 21 to
permit of the wick in the lamp beyond the inner end of the wick tube proper being
coiled up, through the centre of which a pin c is passed and its ends work or slide
in the slotted end pieces.
The wick tube proper C may (or may not) also be provided with a tip
corrugated or fluted longitudinally, spirally, helically, or angularly, as at Fig. 8,
and a wick constructed as herein described or of ordinary construction may pass up
the inside of the said tube or be wrapped round its periphery.
When wrapped round the periphery or any portion of the burner it may be
preferably though not necessarily so enclosed in a wire gauze or perforated metal
casing D of the same shape as the wick tube, and slotted if desired as at c Fig. 17
for the wheel to act on the wick. This gauze or other casing D may be arranged
to pass into, or around the wick tube, or be placed on the wick below the wick
tube proper; and when two rectangular wick tubes are employed,-as for instance
in a duplex lamp,-then the gauze or other casing D may be shaped somewhat in
the form of the letter U as at Fig. 7 and the adjusting arrangement may be
attached to its base. When the ordinary wheel adjusting mechanism is dispensed
with (which I prefer to do, but which is not absolutely necessary to the successful
working of my arrangement, as may be seen from say Fig. 9) then on the gauze or
other casing is provided one or more lugs or projections L, one lug L is shown at
Fig. 14 and two lugs at Fig. 12, which forms a nut or nuts for a screw thread
formed or cut upon or attached to the end of au adjusting rod N. In the drawings
I have shown the adjusting rod N passing up the centre of the screw M (which is
in tubular form) and fixed to its top. The adjusting rod may work in and through
a vertical tube O provided in the inside of the body of the lamp For wick tube,
and when preferred the screw thread M may as already described be arranged to
be fixed to the upper end of the adjusting rod and to slide upon and cover the
periphery of the vertical tube O. The adjusting rod N is armed at its outer end
with a head for regulating the height of the wick by rotating the adjusting rod
and the said rod may also be connected to and with the flame extinguishing
arrangement by any convenient means such as for example lever or levers
(bifurcated or otherwise), rods QQ weights R, or it or their equivalents, for
imparting a sliding motion to said rod but in such a manner that the wick adjusting
arrangement may be operated independently of the sliding motion for extinguishing
purposes. The adjusting rod may be arranged to slide as well for adjusting the
wick, as at Figs. 30 and 31. O is a tube passing through the stand J in which
rod Q' slides.
In the drawings at the various views I have shown several ways of applying
these levers and rods as for instance at Fig. 9, the lever P is pivoted to the burner
and provided with a bifurcated end which engages with the extinguishers. The

page_text: rod Qis connected at its upper end to the lever P and bent at its lower end q at o
about a right angle to engage with the vertical rod Q' which works through the
stand J and is weighted at its lower end. As soon as the lamp is raised the
weight R falls, carrying with it the rods Q Q' and depresses the outer end of
lever P, thereby closing the extinguishers. At Figs. 12 and 13 the same effect is
obtained by coupling the rods Q' aud N together by a short bar q. In this case
the wick A can be first adjusted by turning the rod N and screw M, and the sliding
motion is afterwards imparted as described for extinguishing purposes. At Figs. 17
and 19 the lever P is capable of being operated by hand.
At Figs. 18 and 19 the lever P is bifurcated at its end and pivoted to the burner.
Rod Qin this instance forming part of the suspension device which passes on to
the double hook S, when the ring Q* is placed upon the lower portion of the
hook, the flame extinguishers are kept open by the end of lever P being drawn
upwards. But when the fixed portion Q** of the suspensory device is raised to
the upper portion of the hook S, the weight R on rod Q at once depresses the outer
end of lever P and closes the extinguishers.
At Fig. 20 the rod N to which the screw M is attached is shown to work by
hand. In this arrangement, as applied to an Argand type of burner, the nut L is
shown in the centre of the burner." At Figs. 23 and 24 a similar hand arrangement
is shown only applied to the outside of the wick tube C.
At Figs. 27, 28, and 29 the lever P is shown to be operated by a lever (which
takes the place of rod Q and therefore is marked with the same letter of reference)
hinged to the handle S' of the lamp. But at Figs. 28 and 29 on the body F being
raised the lever Q which in this case also forms the handle is made to slide. The
weight of handle lever Q depressing the outer end of lever P.
The upper portion of the wick tube proper C is armed with a projection con
each end thereof for spreading the flame, or in the case of a round burner at
opposite points. The spreaders c may be made to form a part of the wick tube
proper by extending its ends above the burning point, or they may be hinged
thereto, as is the case of some classes of bonzuline lamps, as at Fig. 54; in which
case they may if desired be also employed for extinguishing purposes.
In order to arrange for the flame to be automatically extinguished, with or
without altering the position of the wick A, in case of accident, or when the use of
the lamp, stove, or the like is not further required, a pair of wings T armed at
their base with enlarged flaps or projections T (with or without perforations)
which form weights (so that when in their normal position they are closed by
their own weight together over the wick or wicks), as well as are employed for
gathering the air.
The said wings T are either jointed to the top of the wick tube or tubes proper C,
as at Fig. 49, or to a sliding sleeve or sleeves U (as at Figs. 15 and 16) arranged
to work upon the said wick tube or tubes C in which case weights U may also be
provided for closing (or opening) the wings. Or the extinguisher may take the
form of a shutter pivoted to a sliding sleeve as shown in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to me the Sixteenth day of March 1893, No. 5679, or pivoted
directly to the wick tube proper, or to the cap V as shown at Figs. 41 and 42.
The said wings may be arranged to work between the before named spreaders co.
The wings T or shutters close automatically by their own weight on the lamp
being tilted, or on the falling of the lamp. Or they may be attached to sliding
sleeves U and used for burners with double wick tubes, such as the duplex lamps,
and may be connected together as at Fig. 16 by any suitable means such as a
connecting bar U*, as shown in my before mentioned specification, or its equivalent,
so as to be operated simultaneously by an ordinary extinguishing lever by hand or
by means of one or more forked or other levers fulcrummed to the burner or lamp body,
on say a horizontal rod or rods, actuated by one or more vertical rod or rods QQ¹
(working if desired in a tube or tubes, but not necessarily so), weight or weights,
or spring or springs, or two or more of them combined, or it or their equivalents.
Or the wings or shutters may be connected by a forked or other lever or levers P

page_text: separately with or in combination with the before named adjusting rod or rods QQ
which may either be slotted, hooked, or armed with a projection or projections for
this purpose. Or the said lever or levers P for operating the extinguishing wings
may take the form and place of, or be jointed to the handle or body of the lamp,
stove, or the like, as at Figs. 27, 28, and 29, and be instantly actuated by weight
or weights, or spring or springs W, as at Figs. 32 and 33, when moved by hand,
or from the table or place or point of suspension.
Having given a general description of the essential features of my invention and
their application to lamps, stoves, and the like, I will now very briefly give a
description of the varicus views illustrated in the drawings, pointing out what
portions of my invention are applied thereto.
Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional elevations of an ordinary paraffin lamp with wick A
(raised and lowered by an ordinary wheel ✗) enclosed in a metal gauze D, the
lower part of which is filled with cotton wool E to act as sponge for conducting the
oil up to a short piece of wick A in the wick tube C. The wick tube is armed
with spreaders and the wings T are hinged to said spreaders. The wings are
operated as already explained by lever P, rods QQ and weight R. Air is
admitted only to the burner through perforations marked 1. Figs. 48 and 49 are
side and sectional elevations of detail views showing wings T hinged to the wick
tube C.
Figs. 11 and 12 are sectional elevations of an ordinary lamp and Figs. 43, 44,
and 45 sectional elevations and a plan of details showing a shutter T2 hinged to
a weighted lever U¹ which in turn is jointed to the wick tube C. The wick A is
encased in metal gauze D and provided with cotton wool E for absorbent purposes
as already explained. The wick being adjusted in position by the screw M working
in two nuts L fixed to the gauze D and operated by turning the rod N. A sliding
motion for operating the shutter T2 is imparted to the rod N by rod Qas
previously described. Air is admitted only to the burner through perforations
marked 1.
Figs. 13 and 14 are sectional elevations of an ordinary lamp having two wicks
arranged around central air tube I, the body F of the lamp being perforated at f
if so desired for the admission of air. The wicks are adjusted as previously
described by rods N and Q', bar g, screw M and nut L. In this case the rod Q
is prolonged and armed at its upper end with a spreading disc Z, and a spring Z¹
takes the place of the weight R at the lower end. Inside the body F the lower
ends of the wicks may be opened out as shown.
Figs. 15 and 16 are sectional elevations of an ordinary duplex lamp with wick
containing tube G with wick A encased in metal gauze Ď and provided with an air
tube I for cooling and pressure purposes. The wick tubes C in this case being
armed with sliding sleeves U having shutters U¹ hinged thereto and operated
simultaneously by rods QQ,-the latter being attached to the bridge or cross-
piece U2, and weight R. Air is admitted to the burner through perforations 1
and 2 under and in the cap V.
Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation of an ordinary lamp, the body F of which is
provided with a wick containing tube G perforated at g for the admission of oil
to the wick A which is enclosed in the metal gauze D which is slotted at c to
permit of the wick being raised and lowered by the wheel X. An air tube I
is provided within the wick containing tube G to which air is admitted through
the perforations 3 in the stand J below the body F. The air tube in this case
projecting below said body. The burner is armed with spreaders c and wings T
(enclosed within cap V) hinged to wick tube C and operated by hand by lever P.
Air may also be admitted to the burner from below the framing, that supports the
glass, through perforations 1.
Figs. 18 and 19 are sectional elevations of a hanging lamp provided with a
burner, the wick tube C of which is armed with a sliding sleeve U having an
extinguishing wing T weighted at U¹ hinged to it. The action of the bifurcated
lever Pupon the sliding sleeve U has been previously explained.

page_text: Fig. 20 is a sectional elevation of an ordinary lamp body fitted with an
Argand type of burner also of ordinary construction. The body F is mounted upon
the supporting bracket or pipe H. The body F is also fitted with an air tube I for
pressure and cooling purposes, and the wick may be adjusted by rod N, screw M
and nut L attached to the wick carrier. Perforations 1 are provided for the
admission of air to the burner.
Figs. 21 and 22 are elevations of a bracket form of lamp with wick containing
tube G placed at a distance from the oil reservoir F; the oil being passed
from the reservoir F to the wick containing tube G by means of a pipe H.
The pipe H and wick containing tube G are each partially filled with cotton
wool E for conducting the oil to the wick A which is rolled or coiled up as
shown. The sides of the wick tube C being partially removed to permit of
this coiling taking place. The ends of the wick tube C are also slotted at c*
in which is placed a pin c which supports the wick A and permits of it being
kept constantly in contact with the cotton wool E. The wick tube C is provided
with spreaders c, and wings T are hinged to it. The wings are operated by a
bifurcated hand lever P. The wick may be raised and lowered by the ordinary
wheel.
Figs. 23 and 24 are respectively a part transverse section and an elevation of an
arrangement whereby a number of wick-containing tubes G may be connected by
smaller tubes H¹ to a main pipe H, which is made to take the place of an oil
reservoir, and is employed for feeding purposes. The wick A is placed within a
metal gauze D and its height regulated by means of the rod N, screw M and
nut Las previously described. Air may be admitted to the burner through air
passage 1 and perforations 1. This arrangement is suitable for lighting windows,
and any other kind of burner may be used.
Figs. 25 and 26 are respectively a part sectional elevation and an elevation of a
pendant form of lamp, the branches of which are supplied through pipes H from
a central oil reservoir F. The wick containing tube G and pipes H are partially
filled with cotton wool E for conducting the oil to the wick A. The wick A is
enclosed in metal gauze D, and the wick tubes C are armed with spreaders cand
with either the wings T or sliding sleeves U operated by the hand lever P. At
Fig. 26 a duplex burner is shown with sliding sleeves U. The connection between
the inner end of lever P and bridge or cross piece U2 being formed by a rod 14.
Air is admitted to the burners through perforations 1.
Fig. 27 is a sectional elevation of a hand lamp having a wick tube C armed
with spreaders c, and to the wick tube C are also hinged the wings T operated
by a lever Q jointed to the handle S¹ for acting upon lever P as previously
described.
Figs. 28 and 29 are elevations of a hanging lamp having a wick tube C armed
with spreaders c, and wings T jointed to it in such a manner that the bifurcated
lever P may be operated by the handle lever Q as previously described.
Figs. 30 and 31 are sectional elevations of a lamp having two air tubes I
perforated at and provided with an orifice [* for admission of air to the
body F. The air tubes I communicate with the burner, the wick tube C of which
is armed with spreaders c' and the wick A enclosed in metal gauze D and it is
raised and lowered by the sliding or lifting arrangement consisting of the
adjustable rod Q fixed to a lever P which is connected to the wick carrier.
Cotton wool E may be used for absorbent and oil conducting purposes.
Figs. 32 and 33 are sectional elevations of duplex burners, the wick tubes C of
which are armed with sliding sleeves U operated by hand lever P and springs W.
Figs. 34, 35, and 36 are respectively sectional and external elevations of burners,
the wick tubes C of which are armed with spreaders c; the wick A being adjusted
by the ordinary wheel X. The wings T are hinged to or arranged to be placed
on the wick tube C. At Fig. 34 they are jointed to a separate tube which is
placed upon the wick tube, and they are operated by hand lever P. Air passing
through the perforations 1 passes up each side of the wick tube C to the burning

page_text: point, thereby causing a side draught on each side of the flame. This class of
burner, from experiments I have made with it, may be used with safety without a
glass or globe. When an extra cap V' shown in dotted lines at Fig. 36 is employed
having perforations provided at 2 it may be used with a globe only without a
chimney.
Figs. 37, 38, 39 and 40 are respectively side elevations and transverse sections
of wick tubes C capable of being used with oil stoves, said wick tubes being armed
at Figs. 37 and 38 with wings T jointed thereto and operated by hand lever P;
and at Figs. 39 and 40 with a sliding sleeve U armed with a weighted shutter Ui
so that it will close over the end of wick tube C whenever the wheel X withdraws
the wick A within the said tube.
Figs. 41 and 42 are sectional elevations of a cap V showing the wings T jointed
to it instead of to the wick tube C.
Figs. 43 to 45 have been described already.
Figs. 46 and 47 are respectively a side and sectional elevation of a wick tube C
air to the wick A being conducted thereto by pipe I, and cap i.
Figs. 48 and 49 have been described already.
Fig. 50 is a sectional elevation of a lamp having a central air tube K contracted
at its top to which air is admitted through perforations 1 in the stand J. In
addition to which a second air tube, I, fixed to the metal gauze D on the outside
of the wicks A is also employed for conveying air to the outside of the wicks at the
burning point. In this arrangement there are two wicks A united together at the
burning point. The cap and burner armed with wings T jointed to it may be of a
similar construction to those described at Figs. 34 to 36.
Figs. 51 and 52 are sectional elevation and sectional plan on linea a Fig. 51 of
a lamp constructed on a similar plan to that described for Figs. 30 and 31 having
two air tubes I arranged respectively on opposite sides of a wick tube C of a
burner constructed very similar to that already described for Figs. 34 to 36.
The air passes to the tubes I through perforations 1 in the stand J. The wick A
is adjusted by the lifting rod Q.
Fig. 53 is a sectional elevation of a benzoline lamp having a burner armed with
a spreader c and perforated at 5. The wick A passes below the perforated disc 6
into the cotton wool E contained in the body F. In the tube 1 is piston 1³ to
which is connected the rods QQ, the latter of which is weighted at R so that
when ever the lamp is raised and the weight falls, the suction caused by the piston
descending in the pipe I at once extinguishes the flame.
Fig. 54 is a sectional elevation of a hand benzoline lamp provided with a wick
containing tube G filled with cotton wool E for conducting the spirit to the
wick A which is placed in a wick tube C and raised or lowered by wheel X. The
top of the wick tube C is armed with spreaders c, and wings T are jointed to it.
Fig. 55 is a sectional elevation of a benzoline hand lamp provided with a
perforated wick containing tube G filled with cotton wool E for spirit conducting
purposes. The wick tube C being armed with spreaders co.
Fig. 56 is a sectional elevation of a benzoline stand lamp provided with a
wick A to which the spirit is conducted by means of cotton wool E enclosed in
metal gauze D.
Fig. 57 is a sectional elevation of a benzoline lamp having a wick A embedded
in cotton woel E in the ordinary way. The wick tube C being armed with a
perforated cap 5 armed with pins for speedy ignition and dame spreading
purposes. To the base of the body F is hinged a handle lever Q arranged so
that as soon as its free end presses against the projection on the bottom of the
body by the pressure thereof the flame will be extinguished.
Fig. 58 is a sectional elevation of a small benzoline hand lamp of a similar
construction to that shown at Fig. 56. But in this instance the wick tube C is
armed with the flame spreaders c³.
Fig. 59 is a sectional elevation of a lamp such as is used in foundries and
engineering establishments arranged with a burner perforated at 5 and having a

page_text: wick A embedded in cotton wool E in the spout of the lamp and also filling the
body so as to adapt it to the use of benzoline or like spirit. This when armed
with a suitable burner could also be adapted to burn paraffin in a similar manner.
Figs. 60 to 63 are respectively elevations and plans of arrangements of paraffin
burners for stoves in which a series of round or flat wicks A may be used and the
oil conveyed thereto from a suitable reservoir, not shown in the drawings, through
pipes H. At Figs. 60 and 61 four short round asbestos wicks A are employed to
which the oil is conveyed by the pipes H. At Figs. 62 and 63 four short pieces
of flat asbestos wicks A are inserted in the pipes H. A connection with reservoir
and the pipes H being made at 8 in each case.
Figs. 64 and 65 are sectional elevations of burners for paraffin oil lamps fitted
to a wick containing tube G in which a short piece of wick composed partly of
asbestos and partly of cotton fibre,woven together, or ordinary wick A, are fed by
cotton wool E and the flame extinguished by depressing the wick A within the
wick tube C by lever P. The oil is fed to the wick containing tube G by pipe H
from a suitable reservoir.
The herein described asbestos and cotton wick may be made in various forms
and of different sizes and lengths to suit various lamps, and its use is more cleanly
than an ordinary wick, thereby enabling a lighter flame to be obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A wick, for use in oil and other lamps and stoves, composed of strands or
pieces of asbestos and cotton fibre, woven, inserted, or combined together in the
manner substantially as herein described and illustrated.
2. In a lamp such as herein described, the combination of a wick such as A, of
a metal gauze such as D with or without an additional wrapping of wool or other
absorbent material, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
3. In a lamp substantially such as herein described, the combination with the
body F of a wick containing tube such as G and the means substantially such as
herein described for raising and lowering the wick as and for the purposes set
forth.
4. In a lamp substantially such as herein described, the combination of the
body F, wick containing tube such as G, with the tube or tubes such as I for
conveying air to the interior of the body F and to the burner, armed with (or
without) the means substantially such as herein set forth for extinguishing the
flame all as set forth and illustrated.
5. In a lamp substantially such as herein set forth, the combination of a wick
such as A composed of pieces or strands of asbestos, and cotton fibre woven,
inserted, or otherwise cumbined together, enclosed in a metal gauze casing such
as D, with or without an additional wrapping of cotton wool or other absorbent
material, with the means for adjusting the wick in the wick tube, all substantially
as described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 11 to 17 of the accompanying
drawings.
6. In a lamp substantially such as herein described, a wick tube constructed to
receive a wick in a coil and slotted for the wick supporting pin to work in it,
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 21 and 22 of the accompanying
drawings.
7. In lamps substantially such as herein described having one or more wick
containing tubes armed with suitable burners with or without flame extinguishing
appliances arranged at a distance from the reservoir or source of oil supply
through pipes with or without a filling of absorbent material, all substantially as
described with reference to Figs. 20 to 25 and 60 to 63.
8. In lamps substantially such as herein set forth, the wings T having enlarged
bases, said wings being jointed to a wick tube with or without flame spreading
devices, or to a cap such as V, and the means substantially as described and

page_text: illustrated for operating the same, as and for the purposes herein set forth and
illustrated.
9. The arrangement and combination of the various parts herein described for
forming the lamps as a whole substantially as described and illustrated in the
various views of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Thistioth dor of July 1896.
DANIEL CALVERT,
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.