Improvements in Electrical Receiving Instruments and Relays.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 26th June, 1894-Accepted, 28th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Receiving Instruments and Relays.
We, THE PHONOPORE CO. LIMITED, of Faraday House, Charing Cross Road,
in the County of London, and CHARLES ERNEST SPAGNOLETTI, of the same
address, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to electrical receivers and relays so constructed that a
succession of alternating or intermittent currents, direct or induced, of various
frequencies, transmitted along a conducting line, shall cause an armature to give
audible or visible signals, or to effect variations of resistance in a local circuit
arranged for the production of audible or visible signals.
For this purpose, we provide a permanent or electro magnet of considerable
power, preferably of horse shoe form, to the ends of which we attach pole pieces of
soft iron. Round these pole pieces we coil fine insulated wire of resistances suited
to the work to be done by the apparatus. In front of the pole pieces carrying
these coils, which are in the line circuit, or are affected by currents in the line
circuit, we arrange a light armature of iron.
This armature may be pivotted or carried on a spring and may have its one end
fixed to one of the pole pieces. Its other end is controlled by springs, contact
stops, and regulating screws.
A spring fixed on the back of the armature may bear against a pin projecting
from that pole of the magnet to which the armature is not fixed.
The springs and stops are so arranged that the armature can vibrate or tend to
vibrate rapidly, making and breaking contact, or varying resistance by greater or
less pressure on its stops, when they form parts of a local circuit operating as a
relay.
When alternating, intermittent, or induced currents from the line pass through
the coils or induce currents in the coils, the intensity of the magnetic field is varied
and the armature is acted upon and responds to these currents.
The armature may itself form a receiving instrument acting as a diaphragm or
on a diaphragm or its equivalent, producing sounds, or by a reflector giving visible
signals.
The coils, instead of being on the pole pieces of one magnet, may be the coils of
an electro magnet having its poles in contact with the poles of the permanent
magnet or of an electro magnet which may be substituted for it.
Also, the coils instead of being on pole pieces attached to the permanent magnet,
may be on the limbs of the magnet itself. When this, instead of being a permanent,
is an electro magnet, it has to be wound with two coils, one for magnetising it from
a local battery, and one to receive the direct or induced currents from the line.
A third coil may also be employed connecting through a phonopore arrangement
to earth, but this third coil may be dispensed with by connecting to earth one end
of the magnetising coil.
The armature may abut closely against the poles or pole pieces so as to be
moved by the elongation or contraction of the magnet or cores resulting from the
passage of currents through the coils, and the movements of the armature thus
produced may be magnified, mechanically by leverage, or optically by reflection.
In some cases a solenoid may be substituted for the magnet its moveable core
operating as the armature.
The apparatus may be worked with alternating or intermittent currents which

page_text: may be either direct or induced, and it may be used in conjunction with a
phonopore transmitter.
Dated this 5th day of October 1892
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
COME LEIE DIECIFICATION.
_ Improvements in Electrical Receiving Instruments and Relays.
We, THE PHONOPORE CO. LIMITED of Faraday House, Charing Cross Road,
in the County of London, and CHARLES ERNEST SPAGNOLETTI of the same
address, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to electrical receivers and relays so constructed that a
succession of alternating or intermittent currents, direct or induced, of various
frequencies, transmitted along a conducting line, shall cause an armature to give
audible or visible signals or to effect variations of resistance in a local circuit
arranged for the production of audible or visible signals.
For this purpose we employ apparatus of the kind shewn in plan by the
accompanying drawing. We provide a permanent or electro magnet M of con-
siderable power, preferably of horse shoe form, as shewn, having pole pieces of soft
iron attached to the ends of its limbs, preferably in the form of a split iron tubes.
Round these pole pieces, or, it might be, round the ends of the magnet limbs,
we coil fine insulated wire W of resistance suited to the work to be done by
the apparatus. In front of these coils which are connected by the posts or
terminals L' L' to the line, or to a subsidiary line affected by currents in the line,
we arrange a light armature A of iron. This armature may be pivotted at P, as
shewn, or it might be carried on a spring at one end fixed to one of the pole
pieces.
Its other end is controlled or regulated by a spring S bearing against a non
magnetic stud projecting from the pole piece, preferably also by a spring E for
delicate adjustment; at the end of the armature is placed a contact stop C and
regulating screw D. The springs and stops are so arranged that the armature
can vibrate or tend to vibrate rapidly, making and breaking contact, or varying
resistance by greater or less pressure on the contact C. The pivot P being
connected to B and C being connected to B' the posts or terminals of a local
circuit, the apparatus can operate as a relay or it may directly work a suitable
receiving instrument, such as a Morse printer or sounder, included in the circuit.
When alternating, intermittent or induced currents from the line pass through
the coils W or induce currents in the coils, the intensity of the magnetic field is
varied and the armature is acted upon and responds to these currents.
The coils W may be wound in the usual way, or as described in the Specifications
No. 10990 of 1884 and No. 7799 of 1885 with two coils or more, without metallic
connection, the working being effected by induction.
The apparatus may be worked with alternating or intermittent currents which
may be either direct or induced, and it may be used in conjunction with a
phonopore transmitter as described in the Specifications No. 4506 of 1885 and
No. 6397 of 1891.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
An electrical receiver or relay consisting of a magnet carryingi coils in

page_text: combination with an iron armature, adjustable spring, stop, and contact screw,.
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated thin 06th day of June 1804
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.