IM- PROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, E.C., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS."-A communication from
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd December 1859.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER HEATING APPARATUS," (communi-
cated to me from abroad by Lewis Cross, of Rotterdam,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and employment of an expansion
chamber, or apparatus connected through a cold water coil with the hot water
circulation. The expansion apparatus consists of a closed cylinder fitted with
a piston and with a piston rod, the upper end of which passes through the top
of the cylinder and is connected to a strong spring or springs, or to a weight,
or the piston itself may be weighted. The spring keeps the piston at the
bottom of its stroke until the cold water is forced in, as hereafter explained,
to raise the piston and afford space for the expansion required by the heated
water.
The whole object of this Invention is the prevention of the generation of

page_text: steam, and the Inventor finds that he is enabled to heat water to 600° and
upwards, by allowing no space in the apparatus for the water to vaporize.
The whole of the tubes for the circulation of the hot water are completely
filled; connected to them is a pipe leading to a cold water coil, and opening
into the bottom of the cylinder. On heat being applied a certain amount of
expansion takes place, and this is provided for as soon as the pressure thereby
generated overcomes the force of the spring, or the weight on the piston rod,
when the piston rises just sufficient to allow for the expansion of the heated
water. This hot-water heating apparatus may be used in all cases where the
heat from hot water is desirable or applicable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd June 1860.
'TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns; should at any time agree with, and 'no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER HEATING
APPARATUS," (communicated to me from abroad by Lewis Cross, of Rotterdam,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald.
Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next. and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
5 annexed, that is to say: -
.
I
This Invention consists in the construction and employment of an expansion
chamber or apparatus, connected through a cold water coil with the hot water
circulation. The expansion apparatus consists of a closed cylinder fitted with
a piston and with a piston rod, the upper end of which passes through the top
of the cylinder, and is connected to a strong spring or springs or to a weight,
or the piston itself may be weighted. The spring keeps the piston at the
bottom of its stroke, until the cold water is forced in, as hereafter explained;
to raise the piston and afford space for the expansion required by the heated
water. The whole object of this Invention is the prevention of the generation
of steam, and the Inventor finds that he is enabled to heat water to 600° and
upwards, by allowing no space in the apparatus for the water to vaporize.
The whole of the tubes for the circulation of the hot water are completely filled;
connected to them is a pipe leading to a cold water coil and opening into the
bottom of the cylinder. On heat being applied, a certain amount of expansion
takes place, and this is provided for as soon as the pressure thereby generated
overcomes the force of the spring or the weight on the piston rod, when the
piston rises just sufficiently to allow for the expansion of the heated water.
This hot water beating apparatus may be used in all cases where the heat
from hot water is desirable or applicable.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal section of so
much of a hot water heating apparatus as is necessary to the explanation of
this Invention, and Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same.
The same
letters refer to like parts in each Figure. A, A, is a closed cylinder formed of
wrought or cast iron or any other suitable material; B is a piston or ram
working in the cylinder; C is a cup leather round the upper part of the
cylinder against which the piston works; D, D, are rods fitted to the piston or
ram at one end, and to the springs E, E, at the other. These springs work
against a cast iron plate F; G, G, are wrought-iron plates to strengthen the
plate F; II, H, are wrought-iron beams or girders for carrying stay bolts for
the plate F; I, I, I, I, are stay bolts for connecting the top plate F to the
girders H, H; K is the outlet pipe for blowing air out of the cylinder; Lis
the cold water coil, one end of which is in connection with the water circulation
and the other with the expansion cylinder; M, M, aro bolts to connect the
girders I, II, and to support the stays I, I, I, I; N, N, N, N, are nuts for

page_text: regulating the pressure that the springs are required to exert; O is an indian-
rubber ring, to form a cushion for the ram to work against. The operation of
the apparatus is as follows:-On heat being applied to the water a certain
amount of expansion takes place; this forces the cold water contained in tho
coil L into the cylinder A, A, which raises the piston ram B, so far as the
springs E, E, will allow by which means space is given for the hot water in
the circulation to slightly expand, at the same time the pressure.which the
springs exert against. the piston is sufficient to overcome the elastic force of
the water and prevent the generation of steam.
The springs are calculated to
resist a pressure greater than the maximumn which the water could exert.
.. Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not bind myself to the exact
form of heating apparatus described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, nor, to the materials employed in the construction thereof, nor to
the exact form of the different parts, but what I claim is,-
First, the, employment of an expansion chamber or chambers in hot water
beating apparatuses in order to overcome the elastic force of the water and to
prevent the generation of steam..
: Second, the construction of an expansion chamber in hot water heating
apparatuses with a piston working in a cylinder and acted on by a spring or
springs, weight or weights, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
bereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of June in
thio year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
RA BROOMAN. (L.S.)
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)