IMPROVED METHODS OF OBTAINING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND IN THE APPA- RATUS AND BURNERS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: & Son, 123, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "IMPROVED METHODS OF OBTAINING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND IN THE APPA-
RATUS AND BURNERS CONNECTED THEREWITH."-A communication from
abroad by Gustav Arnold Kühne, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th May 1860.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the firm of Hughes & Son, 123, Chancery
Lane, London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED METHODS OF OBTAINING ARTIPICAL LIGHT, AND IN THE APPA-
RATUS AND BURNERS CONNECTED THEREWITH," a communication from abroad by
Gustav Arnold Kühne, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, to be as
follows:-
"
This Invention relates to certain improved methods or arrangements for
producing and consuming 'hydrogen gas, so as to produce a superior light to
that obtained from coal or cannel gas, and at a less expense.
The hydrogen gas is obtained by the decomposition of steam or other well-
known means, and is contained in suitable reservoirs or holders ready for use.
In order to employ this hydrogen gas and cause its complete combustion, it is
supplied by a pipe to the lower end of a tube, above which is a ring connected
to the tube by plates or wires. The said tube is surrounded by a second tube,
leaving a space between them, into which is placed an ordinary cotton wick or

page_text: mesh, which can be moved up and down as required, the space between the
tubes being closed at the bottom. The said tubes are passed through a reser-
voir containing turpentine or ordinary pine oil, or other carbonaceous matter,
which circulates through one or more holes to the wick or mesh, by which the
said carbonaceous matter is absorbed; and after the absorption has taken
place, a third tube is screwed or otherwise fixed to the top of the second tube,
which third tube is terminated by the ordinary or any suitable gas burner. If
the hydrogen gas is now turned on, so as to flow through the inner tube, and
then ignited at the burner, the second and third tubes will become heated and
produce carburetted gas by the evaporation of the oil, or other carbonaceous
matter absorbed in the wick or mesh, which gas is incorporated with the
bydrogen gas, and flowing through the burner feeds the flame and produces a
light of much greater intensity than has hitherto been obtained from any
carburetted hydrogen gas.
If an increased evaporation should be required, additional heat is given to
the second and third tubes by connecting to the third tube a heater to pass
through the flame without diminishing its intensity. If there should be too
great an evaporation, it can be diminished by lowering the wick or mesh, and
in general by raising or lowering the said wick or mesh the proper proportion
of carburetted gas can be supplied to the hydrogen gas, and thereby regulate
the flame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the firm of Hughes & Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery
Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special licence that I, the said
Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should

page_text: and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED METHODS OF OBTAINING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND IN THE
APPARATUS AND BURNERS CONNECTED THEREWITH," a communication to me from
abroad by Gustav Arnold Kühne, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to certain improved methods or arrangements for
consuming hydrogen gas in combination with gas .evolved from heated tur-
pentine, ordinary pine oil, or other combustible fluid, so as to produce a
superior light to that obtained from coal or cannel gas, and at a less expense.
The hydrogen gas is obtained by the decomposition of steam or other well-
known means, and is contained in suitable reservoirs or holders ready for use..
The manner in which this Invention is to be performed will be clearly
understood by referring to the Figures and letters on the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a section of one of the arrangements:
complete, and Fig. 2 a section of a part thereof. In order to employ the
hydrogen gas and cause its complete combustion, it is supplied by a pipe to:
the lower end of a tube a, over the top of which is a ring b connected to the
tube by plates or wires c. The said tube is surrounded by a second tube d,.
leaving a space between them, into which is placed an ordinary cotton wick
or mesh e, which can be made to move up and down as required by an air-
tight screw or rack f; the space between the tubes is closed at the bottom, and
the tube d is soldered or otherwise connected to the tube a. The said tubes a
and d are passed through a reservoir g, and the outer tube d soldered or other-
wise tightly fixed to it. The reservoir is supplied through the opening h with
turpentine, ordinary pine oil, or other carbonaceous matter, which circulates
through one or more holes d² to the wick or mesh, by which the carbonaceous
matter is absorbed, and after the absorption has taken place a third tube i is
screwed or otherwise fastened to the top of the tube d, which tube i is terminated

page_text: '
by the ordinary or any suitable gas burner k. If the hydrogen gas is now
turned on, so as to flow through the inner tube a, and then ignited at the
burner, the second and third tubes d and i will become heated, and produce
carburetted gas by the evaporation of the oil or other carbonaceous matter
absorbed in the wick or mesh; which gas is incorporated with the hydrogen
gas, and flowing through the burner feeds the flame and produces a light of
much greater intensity than has hitherto been obtained from any carburetted
bydrogen gas.
If an increased evaporation should be required, additional heat is given to
the second and third tubes d and i by connecting to the third tube i a
heater m, shewn detached in Fig. 2, and cause it to pass through the flame at n
without diminishing its intensity. If there should be too great an evaporation
it can be diminished by lowering the wick or mesh, and in general by raising
or lowering the said wick or mesh; the proper proportion of carburetted gas
can be supplied to the hydrogen gas, and thereby regulate the flame.
The aforesaid apparatus is shut by the necessary taps or cocks, made of
brass or other suitable metal or material, and the soldered and screwed parts
must be perfectly air-tight.
In the application of this improved method of obtaining artificial light,
round hole and Argand burners, or others of a suitable construction, may be
employed, and the apparatus made of any desired form and size and adpted for
any required number of lights.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim the improved methods of obtaining
artificial light by the combustion of hydrogen gas in combination with the gas
evolved from heated turpentine, ordinary pine oil, or other combustible fluid,
and also the apparatus and burners connected therewith; as all such improve-
ments are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES. (L.S.)