Improvements in the Preparation of Rape, Ravison, and other Seed- meal for Use as Food for Cattle and other Animals, and in the Recovery of a By-product.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 25th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 16th Dec., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Preparation of Rape, Ravison, and other Seed-
meal for Use as Food for Cattle and other Animals, and in the
Recovery of a By-product.
We, ALFRED WILLIAM MACILWAINE, Managing Director of, and JOHN CALEY,
Chemist to, The Hull Oil Manufacturing Company, Limited, of Stoneferry,
Hull, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
This invention relates to the treatment of rape, ravison, dodder and other
seeds of a similar character with a view to rendering the meal, after the extrac-
tion of the oil therefrom, more suitable for use as food for cattle and other
animals.
When rape, ravison, dodder (especially the wild) and other seeds of a similar
nature are treated by the solvent process for the extraction of the oil, the residual
meal is possessed of a bitter flavour or principle. This bitterness although quite
harmless to animals diminishes the market value of the product inasmuch as
it limits the quantity which may successfully be used as an ingredient in a
compound cake or meal.
The object of our invention is to remove this bitter principle and we accom-
plish the same by treating the meal, after passing through the solvent process,
with sufficient water. (preferably at boiling point) to take the bitter principle
into solution. The process may be carried out in an iron tank having a false
bottom composed of perforated plates, the latter being covered with a suitable
filtering or retaining medium, such as canvas.
In the case of ravison, we find that about 80 per cent. by weight of water
is a suitable proportion; but the quantity required will vary to some extent
with the degree of bitterness to be removed and its solubility.
The water having been added, steam is admitted to the mass by a series of
perforated pipes the charge being by preference stirred or agitated at the same
time. This treatment is continued until the bitter principle is taken into
solution by the water. In order to ascertain when the process of extraction is
complete a sample of the meal may be drawn off, the water expressed and the
meal tasted. When it is found that the bitterness has been sufficiently removed,
the steam is shut off and the mass is discharged through an outlet in the
bottom of the tank or otherwise into a pressing machine. This may consist
of a cylinder provided with a perforated bottom covered with filtering material
and a closely fitting piston. The cylinder having been charged, the piston is
allowed to descend gradually with increasing pressure on the meal; the pressure
being continued until the bulk of the moisture is expelled. The meal is then
removed from the cylinder and dried by hot air or other suitable means.
centrifugal machine or hydro-extractor may however be employed to remove
the moisture.
A
The filtrate usually contains, besides the bitter principle, a small proportion

page_text: of carbo-hydrates in solution, and may be evaporated to dryness in a vacuum
pan or by other suitable means.
Dated this 26th day of January 1899.
Improvements in the Preparation of Rape, Ravison, and other Seed-
meal for Use as Food for Cattle and other Animals, and in the
Recovery of a By-product.
We, ALFRED WILLIAM MACILWAINE, Managing Director of, and JOHN CALEY,
Chemist to, The Hull Oil Manufacturing Company, Limited, of Stoneferry,
Hull, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the treatment of rape, ravison, dodder and other
seeds of a similar character with a view to rendering the meal, after the extrac-
tion of the oil therefrom, more suitable for use as food for cattle and other
animals.
1
When rape, ravison, dodder (especially the wild) and other seeds of a similar
nature are treated by the solvent process for the extraction of the oil, the residual
meal is possessed of a bitter flavour or principle. This bitterness although quite
harmless to animals diminishes the market value of the product inasmuch as
it limits the quantity which may successfully be used as an ingredient in a
compound cake or meal.
The object of our invention is to remove this bitter principle and we accom-
plish the same by treating the meal, after passing through the solvent process,
with sufficient water (preferably at boiling point) to take the bitter principle
into solution. The process may be carried out in an iron tank having a false
bottom composed of perforated plates, the latter being covered with a suitable
filtering or retaining medium, such as canvas.
In the case of ravison, we find that about 80 per cent. by weight of water
is a suitable proportion; but the quantity required will vary to some extent
with the degree of bitterness to be removed and its solubility.
The water having been added, steam is admitted to the mass by a series of
perforated pipes the charge being by preference stirred or agitated at the same
time. This treatment is continued until the bitter principle is taken into
solution by the water. In order to ascertain when the process of extraction is
complete a sample of the meal may be drawn off, the water expressed and the
meal tasted. When it is found that the bitterness has been sufficiently removed,
the steam is shut off and the mass is discharged through an outlet in the
bottom of the tank or otherwise into a pressing machine. This may consist
of a cylinder provided with a perforated bottom covered with filtering material
and a closely fitting piston. The cylinder having been charged, the piston is
allowed to descend gradually with increasing pressure on the meal; the pressure
being continued until the bulk of the moisture is expelled. The meal is then
removed from the cylinder and dried by hot air or other suitable means.
centrifugal machine or hydro-extractor may however be employed instead of
the cylinder to remove the greater portion of the moisture.

page_text: vacuum
The filtrate usually contains, besides the bitter principle, a small proportion
of carbo-hydrates in solution, and may be evaporated to dryness in a
pan or by other suitable means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :-
1. The herein described method of rendering rape, ravison and other seed-
meal suitable for use as cattle-food, consisting in treating the meal, after
passing through the solvent process, with water and steam so as to remove
therefrom the bitter principle.
2. Evaporating the filtrate resulting from the process referred to in the pre-
ceding claiming clause and recovering the carbohydrates therein contained.
Talth: 9841
1000
For the Applicants,
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
Chartered Patent Agent, Clun House, Surrey Street, London, W.C.