IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HATCHING AND REARING OVIPAROUS ANIMALS AND REARING OR NURSING INFANTS AND PROPAGATING BACTERIA WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN PART APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: :
LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Hearson of N° 68 Willow Walk in
the County of Surrey Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HATCHING AND REARING OVIPAROUS ANIMALS AND REARING
OR NURSING INFANTS AND PROPAGATING BACTERIA WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE IN PART APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward Hearson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1883.
CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON of N° 68 Willow Walk in the County of Surrey
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HATCHING AND REARING OVIPAROUS
ANIMALS AND REARING OR NURSING INFANTS AND PROPAGATING BACTERIA WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN PART APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES "
:
My invention consists first of improvements in apparatus of the kind described
in the specification of Letters Patent granted to me and bearing date 24th. November
1881 No. 5141. According to the said improvements I form the case of the
apparatus and the flue or chimney through which the products of combustion from
the flame of the lamp pass of fire clay or other refractory material which is an
imperfect conductor of heat and I dispense with the water vessel and divide the
said case into two chambers by means of a horizontal partition of iron or other
good conductor of heat the upper one of which chambers communicates with the
aforesaid chimney and the lower one of which contains the water tray the
receptacle for the eggs to be hatched and the capsule by which the temperature of
the interior of the apparatus is regulated. In the walls of the said upper chamber
and at the lower part thereof a row of holes is formed through which the products
of combustion from the flame of the lamp pass out of the said chamber and in the
walls of the said lower chamber at both the upper and lower parts thereof a row of
holes is formed by which air enters and passes from the said chamber. The said
case is formed in two parts one of which rests on the other and is capable of being
lifted off when it is required to gain access to the interior of the lower chamber.
The burner of the lamp by which the apparatus is heated is mounted on a tube

page_text: which is supported on a spring within the oil vessel of the lamp which spring
when the lamp is placed beneath the flue of the apparatus presses the glass
chimney of the lamp into contact with the lower part of the said fluo thereby
ensuring the passage of the products of combustion through the apparatus The
action of the said apparatus is as follows:-When the lamp is lighted the products
of combustion from the flame pass through the upper chamber until the heat
radiated from the partition dividing it from the lower chamber is sufficient to
cause the expansion of the capsule when the passage of the products of combustion
is diverted or partially diverted as described in the aforesaid specification.
Instead of using a capsule containing a vaporizable liquid for actuating the
mechanism by which the heat is caused to pass through or be diverted from the
apparatus I use in some cases a "thermostatic bar" (that is a bar consisting of two
metals which expand unequally) tho said bar being mounted in the lower chamber
and supporting at its free end the rod by which the lever carrying the damper of
the chimney is actuated. Or any suitable thermostat may be used.
My said improvements consist further of the modification hereinafter described
of the arrangement for heating the water in the tanks of incubators. According to
the said arrangement I dispense with the flues in the tank and place an annular
water vessel outside the case of the apparatus and around the chimney of the
lamp by which the said apparatus is heated the said water vessel communicating
at its upper and lower parts with the said tank and I form openings in the lower
part of the lamp chimney through which openings the products of combustion
pass into the space between it and the inner side of the said annular water vessel
when the damper of the chimney is lowered and the heat of the said products of
combustion thus passes to the water. When the damper is raised the products of
combustion pass by the chimney into the atmosphere and do not host the water.
My invention consists further of improvements in apparatus for use in rearing
chickens and other young birds which apparatus consists of a chamber artificially
beated and communicating with other chambors provided with glazed covers which
chambers communicate with an enclosure open at top to the atmosphere and my
said improvements consist of the arrangement hereinafter described for heating the
first mentioned chamber. I secure in the upper part thereof a box of metal or
other good conductor of heat which box is divided internally by means of a vertical
partition extending from one end to near the other end and has at the former end
two openings provided with short tubes which openings lie one one each side of
the said partition. The said short tubes project from the chamber containing the
box and form the connections between it and the caso of the lamp (herein after
described) by which the said chamber is heated. The said lamp case is of metal
and in tho lower part of it is the lamp which is mounted on a plate hinged or
jointed to one side of the said case and pressed upward by a spring In the upper
part of the said case is secured a block of fire clay or other suitable material baving
passages formed in it for conveying the products of combustion from the lamp to
and from the sheet iron box heroinbefore described and in the upper part of the
said lamp case are also passages for conveying air to the lamp and for conveying
away the products of combustion after they have travelled through the apparatus
as hereinafter described. The air enters the said passages and the products of
combustion pass therefrom through a series of apertures formed one above the
other in the sides of the said case the entering air being deflected as it passes to
the lamp and the products of combustion being guided to the said apertures by
"louvres" or inclined plates arranged in the interior of the said case over the said
apertures. On the interior of the door of the lamp case (which door is hinged at
the lower part) I secure a reflector in such a position with respect to the lamp
burner that when the door is held partly open the image of the flame of the lamp
may be seen in the said reflector. The flame may thus be conveniently inspected.
This arrangement acts as follows:-
Air passes to the lamp through the lower of the apertures in the sides of the case
and from the lamp through one of the passages in the fire clay block and through

page_text: one of the short tubes herein before referred to into the space on one side of the
partition in the metal box secured in the upper part of the chamber hereinbefore
referred to thence to the space on the other side of the said partition through the
second short tube to the other passage in the fire clay block thence into a space
between the said block and the top of the lamp caso thence through the upper of
the apertures in the sides of the case to the atmosphere. The aforesaid metal box
is thus heated by the passage through it of the products of combustion from the
lamp and the chamber in which the box is secured is kept warm by the heat
radiated from the said box. The fire clay block in which the passages for the
products of combustion are formed prevents the heating of the oil contained in the
lamp and prevents loss of heat from the products of combustion passing to the metal
box and the louvres or inclined plates arranged over the apertures in the lamp case
prevent disturbance of the flame of the lamp by currents of air and cause the
entering air to pass to the lamp and the products of combustion to pass from the
lamp case as required
The arrangement of lamp and lamp caso and fire clay block horeiubofore
described is applicable to incubators of the kind described in the aforesaid
specification.
My invention consists further of the modifications hereinafter described of the
apparatus described in my aforesaid specification the object of the said modifica-
tions being to render the said apparatus applicable for use in rearing prematurely
born infants and oviparous animals and in propagating bacteria and the like.
In order to adapt the said apparatus to the rearing of prematurely born infants
I place the tank or water vessel in the lower part of the case leaving passages around
it for the passage of the air entering through and over the tray containing water by
which the air is moistened and I form apertures in the upper part of the sides of the
said case for the escape of the air so passing. In the upper part of the said caso
on suitable bearers I place the cradle for the infant and above the cradle I arrange
the capsule by which the mechanism for regulating the temperature of the apparatus
is actuated. At the side of the said apparatus and projecting from the case thereof
I form an extension of the water vessel in which extension is placed a suitable
vessel containing the infant's food which is thus kept warın. The top of the
apparatus is glazed and is hinged to one of the sides to admit of access to tho
interior of the apparatus.
In order to adapt the said apparatus to the rearing of anakes and the like I
arrange a tray of perforated metal or other suitable material in the upper part of
the apparatus on which tray the snakes are placed the other parts of the apparatus
being arranged as hereinbefore last described.
In order to adapt the said apparatus to the propagation of bacteria and the like.
I place the tank in the upper part of the case and arrange the heating flues in the
lower part of the said tank and above the flues I place a diaphragm of perforated
metal and I form holes in the top of the tank to admit of the insertion of test
tubes containing the said bacteria and the like. The said test tubes may be
supported at the required height in the tank by means of india rubber rings passed
over them and resting on the top of the tank around the holes through which the
tubes are inserted.
My invention consists further in forming the cones and chimneys of lamps used
for heating incubators and for heating generally of fire clay or other suitable
refractory material which is an imperfect conductor of heat. Loss of heat by
radiation is thus avoided and better combustion results than where cones and
chimneys of metal and other good conductors of heat are used.
Where gas is used for heating tho several arrangements of apparatus hereinbefore
described I regulate the heat by increasing or decreasing the amount of gas passing
to the burner iustead of by directing the products of combustion through or away
from the apparatus. In order to govern automatically the increase and decrease of
the supply of gas I connect the lever actuated by the capsule to a valve under
which the gas passes instead of connecting the said lever to the damper of the flue

page_text: or chimney of the lamp as described in my aforesaid specification. The valve I
prefer to use consists of a diaphragm of flexible material placed over the gas
passages and so arranged that when pressed upon by the said lever the passages are
closed the said valve being removed from and held clear of the gas passages by a
spring when the pressure of the lever is removed. In order to prevent the total
extinction of the gas flame when the valve is closed a "bye pass or passage
unaffected by the valve is provided the size of the aperture of which "bye pass
is capable of being regulated by means of a screw.
"
2
The valve herein before described may be actuated by a thermostatic bar instead
of by an expansible and collapsible capsule.
My invention consists further of the means hereinafter described for automatically
causing a bell to be rung or an alarm to be given when the temperaturo
within the aforesaid apparatus for hatching and rearing has risen above a cortain
point.
According to this part of my Invention I place within the said apparatus a
hermetically sealed capsule containing a liquid which boils at a temperature a littlo
above that at which the chamber is required to be kept and I connect the said
capsule with mechanism (such as a clock alarum) for ringing a bell or giving an
alarm which mechanism is started or liberated by the withdrawal of a detent by
the expansion of the capsule.
Or 1 cause the alarm to be given the the closing of the circuit of an electric
battery by the expansion of the capsule an electric bell or alarum being placed
in the circuit of the battery so that the current therefrom when the circuit is
closed causes the bell or alarum to be sounded.
My invention consists further of the means hereinafter described for automatically
ventilating the aforesaid apparatus for hatching and rearing when the temperaturo
has risen above the required point.
According to this part of my invention I mount within the said apparatus a
capsule containing a liquid which boils at a temperature a little higher than that at
which the interior of the apparatus is required to be kept and I connect the said
capsule with a shutter mounted on pivots or otherwise mounted relatively to an
aperture in the said apparatus so that the said shutter is removed from tho said
aperture when the said capsule is expanded and is returned and closes tho said
aperture on the said capsule collapsing.
The arrangement hereinbefore described for causing a bell or alarum to be
sounded and the arrangement for causing a ventilator to be opened are capable of
use in any situation where on a rise of temperature above a certain point an
indication is required to be given or a ventilator is required to be opened.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Edward Hearson in the Patent Office on the 5th May
1884.
CHARLES EDWARD HEARSON of N° 68 Willow Walk in the County of Surrey
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HATCHING AND REARING OVIPAROUS
ANIMALS AND REARING OR NURSING INFANTS AND PROPAGATING BACTERIA WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN PART APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES "
My invention consists first of improvements in apparatus of the kind
described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to me and bearing
date 24 November 1881 N° 5141. According to the said improvements I form
the case of the apparatus and the flue or chimney through which the products of
combustion from the flame of the lamp pass of fire clay or other refractory
material which is an imperfect conductor of heat and I dispenso with the water
vessel and divide the said case into two chambers, by means of a horizontal
partition of iron or other good conductor of heat the upper one of which chambers
communicates with the aforesaid chimney and the lower one of which contains the
water tray the receptacle for the eggs to be hatched and the capsulo by which
the temperature of the interior of the apparatus is regulated. In the walls of the
said upper chamber and at the lower part thereof a row of holes is formed through
which the products of combustion from the flamo of the lamp pass out of the said
chamber and in the walls of the said lower chamber at both the upper and lower
parts thereof a row of holes is formed by which air enters and passes from the said
chamber. The said case is formed in two parts one of which rests on the other
and is capable of being lifted off when it is required to gain access to the interior
of the lower chamber. The burner of the lamp by which the apparatus is heated
is mounted on a tube which is supported on a spring within the oil vessel of the
lamp which spring when the lamp is placed beneath the flue. of the apparatus
presses the glass chimney of the lamp into contact with the lower part of the said
flue thereby ensuring the passage of the products of combustion through the
apparatus.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is an elevation Figure 2 is a plan and
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the improved apparatus hereinbefore described.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts or corresponding
parts in each of the said Figures and in the other Figures of the accompanying
drawings hereinafter referred to
A Aare the two parts of the case of the apparatus B is the lamp and C is the
fluo or chimney through which the products of combustion from the flame of the
lamp pass as hereinafter described The parts A A¹ of the case and the chimney C
are formed of fire clay or other suitable refractory material and the chimney Ċ is
formed separately from the part A and connected thereto by means of a bolt c¹ and
nut c In the part A an opening a' is formed and in the chimney C an opening c³
is formed which openings when the parts A and C are connected as herein before
described form a branch flue by which the interior of the chimney C communicates
with the interior of the upper part A of the case. 6' is the tube on which the
burner of the lamp is mounted and b' is the spring on which the said tube rests
and by which the upper part of the glass chimney 63 of the lamp is pressed into
contact with the lower part of the flue or chimney C. a² is the plate constituting
the partition by which the interior of the case is divided. The said plate bears
against the underside of the flange a* and the space above it constitutes the upper
chamber and that below it the lower chamber. To prevent radiation of heat from
the top of the case I form within it at the upper part of the said upper chamber a

page_text: compartment which I fill with sawdust or other suitable imperfect conductor of
heat a.
The said compartment is formed by a plate of sheet metal or other
suitable material a bearing against a flange as formed within the case which plate
is held in place as hereinafter described. a' a are the holes in the walls of tho
upper chamber through which the products of combustion from the lamp pass from
the said chamber. ua are the holes in the upper part of the lower chamber
and a a are the holos in the lower part thereof the object of which holes as a® is
to provide for ventilation of the lower chamber D is the water tray which is
E is
supported on a flange a³ formed on the inner side of the part A' of the case.
the receptacle for the eggs to be hatched which receptacle rests on the upper part
of the water tray D. The bottom of the said receptacle is formed of perforated
metal e' which is covered with a layer of textile material e². F is a capsule which
is constructed as described in my aforesaid specification and is connected with a
damper G suspended over the chimney C by a rod g¹ jointed to a standard g³ and
carrying a screw g³ which rests on the upper end of a vertical rod f' the lower end
of which rests on the capsule F the arrangement being similar to that described in
the said specification. The partition a and the parts above it are secured in
place as follows:-A tube gis screwed externally at each end and a nut g³ is
screwed onto one of its ends. The end on which the said nut is screwed is then
passed from the interior of the upper part A of the caso through an aperture a' in
the top thereof and the projecting end is screwed into a screwed hole 9° in the
standard g until the nut g³ bears against the innerside of the top of the part A of
the caso which is then inverted and the sawdust a is inserted. The plate a' is then
passed over the tube and placed on the flange as a tubo g' is then passed over the
tube g the plate forming the partition a³ is put in place and the said parts a² g²
and a² are secured by screwing a nut g³ on the end of the tube g. The capsule F
is supported in the lower chamber by a frame f' the upper part of which is screwed
onto the end of the tube g' below the said nut g³.
The apparatus hereinbefore described is used and acts as follows:-The damper G
is adjusted and the water tray E is prepared as described in the aforesaid
specification and on the lamp being lighted the products of combustion from the
flame pass from the chimney C through the flue a¹³ into the upper chamber
whence they pass by the aportures at a The said products of combustion thus
heat the plate or partition a² and the heat absorbed by it is radiated into the lower
chamber and the said products of combustion continue so to pass until the
temperaturo of the said lower chamber is sufficiently raised to cause the expansion
of the capsule F when the passage of the products of combustion is diverted or
partially diverted by the raising of the damper G the action of the said capsulo
and damper being the same in the apparatus hereinbefore described as in that
described in the aforesaid specification.
Instead of using a capsule containing a vaporizable liquid for actuating the
mechanism by which the heat is caused to pass through or be diverted from the
apparatus I use in some cases a "thermostatic bar" (that is a compound bar
consisting of two plates of dissimilar metal which expand unequally the plates
being rivetted or otherwise secured together so as to be incapable of separating on
expanding and contracting) which bar I mount in the lower chamber and support
the rod by which the lever carrying the damper of the chimney is actuated on the
free end of the said bar
This arrangement is illustrated in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings which
is an elevation partly in section of an apparatus of the kind herein before described
with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings showing the
application thereto of the said modification. In the said Figure 4 and in the other
Figures of the drawings hereinafter described where parts are shown which have
been previously described I do not think it necessary in all cases to repeat the
description. They are however marked with the same letters and figures of
reference as those previously used in order that the said parts may be identified
with the previous description:

page_text: 1
H is the thermostatic bar secured at one end to a pillar affixed to the
partition a² and projecting therefrom into the lower chamber the said thermostatic
bar supporting the rod at its free end Washers h² h² are placed between the
bar H and the flange h³ on the pillar ¹ to prevent the passage of heat to the bar
from the partition a³.
Instead of a thermostatic bar any suitable thermostat may be used
My said improvements consist further of the modification hereinafter described
of the arrangement described in my aforesaid specification for heating the water in
the tanks of incubators. According to the said modification I dispense with tho
flues in the tank and place an annular water vessel outside the case of the apparatus
and around the chimney of the lamp by which the said apparatus is heated the
said water vessel communicating at its upper and lower parts with the said tank
and I form openings in the lower part of the lamp chimney through which openings
the products of combustion pass into the space between it and the innerside of the
said annular water vessel when the damper of the chimney is lowered and thus
heat the water in the said annular vessel. When the damper is raised the
products of combustion pass through the chimney into the atmosphere and do not
heat the water.
Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings is a front elevation partly in section of
an incubator of the kind described in the aforesaid specification to which my said
improvements are applied.
I is the annular water vessel 2 are tubes which form the communications
between the said vessel I and the tank of the incubator C is the chimney of the
lamp which is formed of fire clay or other suitable material and is supported on a
flange is formed on the lower part of the outer shell of the said annular vessel I
cc are the openings in the lower part of the said chimney through which openings
the products of combustion pass as herein before described when the damper
suspended over the chimney is lowered b is a bracket secured to the case of the
incubator on which bracket the lamp B is supported.
My invention consists further of improvements in apparatus for use in rearing
chickens and other young birds which apparatus consists of a chamber artificially
heated and communicating with other chambers provided with glazed covers which
chambers communicate with an enclosure open at top to the atmosphere and my
said improvements consist of the arrangement hereinafter described for heating the
first mentioned chamber which is hereinafter termed "the heated chamber."
I secure in the upper part of the said chamber a box of metal or other good
conductor of heat which box is divided internally by means of a vertical partition
extending from one end to near the other end and has at the former end two
openings which openings lie one on each side of the said partition and are provided
with short tubes which project from the heated chamber and form connections
between it and the caso of the lamp (hereinafter described) by which the said
chamber is heated The said lamp case is of metal and in the lower part of it is
the lamp which is mounted on a plate hinged or jointed to one side of the said
case and pressed upward by a spring. In the upper part of the said case is secured
a block of firo clay or other suitable material having passages formed in it for
conveying the products of combustion from the lamp and to and from the sheet
iron box hereinbefore described and in the upper part of the said lamp case are
also passages for conveying air to the lamp and for conveying away the products of
combustion after they have travelled through the apparatus as hereinafter described.
The air enters the said passages and the products of combustion pass therefrom
through a series of apertures formed one above the other in the sides of the said
case the entering air being deflected as it passes to the lamp and the products of
combustion being guided to the said apertures by "louvres" or inclined plates
arranged in the interior of the said case over the said apertures. On the interior
of the door of the lamp case (which door is hinged at the lower part) I secure a
reflector in such a position with respect to the lamp burner that when the door is
held partly open the image of the flame of the lamp may be seen in the said

page_text: -
reflector. The flame may thus be inspected while the wick is being adjusted
without stooping inconveniently. Instead of securing the reflector to the door of
the lamp case it may be secured to the reservoir of the lamp or be otherwise so
arranged in connection with the lamp or the lamp case or lantern that the image of
the flame of the lamp may be seen therein as required
The said improvements are illustrated in Figures 6 to 18 (both inclusive) of the
accompanying drawings Figure 6 of which is a plan and Figure 7 an end elevation
of the entire apparatus Figure 8 a section taken on the line 2 Figure 7 and
Figure 9 a section taken on the line 3 Figure 6. Figure 10 is a side elevation of
the heated chamber shown separatoly from the other parts of the apparatus
Figure 11 is a longitudinal section thereof the section being taken on the centro
line and Figure 12 is a section taken on the line 4 Figure 11. Figure 13 is an end
elevation and Figure 14 is a side elevation of the lamp case Figure 15 is an
elevation thereof with the front removed and Figures 16 17 and 18 are sections
thereof taken respectively on the lines 5, 6 and 7 Figures 13 and 14 showing tho
arrangement of the lamp and parts in the interior of the said case.
J is the heated chamber KK are the chambers with which the chamber J
communicates and L is the chamber with which the chambers K Ķ communicate
kare the glazed sashes forming the roofs or covers of the said chambers KK
and are frames having wire netting stretched over them and forming the cover
of the chamber L. The parts K k¹ L and which constitute no part of my
present invention are formed and connected together and to the part J as shown
in the drawings M is the metal box secured in the upper part of the chamber J.
m' is the partition within the said box N is the lamp case or lantern and m² m³ are
the tubes which communicate with the interior of the said box and form the
connections between it and the said lamp case N. n¹ (see Figures 15 and 17) is the
lamp within the said case or lantern n² is the plate on which the lamp is mounted
and n³ is the spring by which the said plate is pressed upward. The said plate is
jointed or connected at its ends to the lantern by pins n' n' n³ secured to and
projecting from the said plate the pins n n ongaging with holes in one side of the
lantern and the pin n³ engaging with a vertical slot in the other side of the lantern.
n is the fire clay block which rests on a flange n7 formed on the inner side of the
front of the lantern and on a flange n³ formed on the lower part of a partition n
secured in the upper part of the lantern as shown nonaro angle strips secured to
the said partition by which the block n is prevented from shifting n n are
the passages formed in the said block for conveying the products of combustion
from the lamp to and from the box. The space between the back of the lantern
and the partition nº constitutes the passage for air to the lamp and for the products
of combustion therefrom 218 218 are the apertures in the sides of the lantern or caso
by which the air enters and the products of combustion pass from the lantern
and n¹n are the louvres or inclined plates arranged over the said apertures
n¹s is the door of the lantern ne is the reflector on its innerside and n¹ is a glazed
opening in the said door through which the flame of the lamp may be seen.
the upper part of the chamber Ja plate 71 (see Figures 9 and 11) is secured and
the space between the said plate and the roof of the said chamber is filled with
sawdust or other suitable imperfect conductor of heat ³ to prevent loss of heat
from the said chamber by radiation from the roof thereof.
This arrangement acts as follows :—
In
Air passes to the lamp n' through the lower of the apertures 13 13 in the
sides of the case N and from the lamp through the passage n¹¹ in the fire clay
block no and through the tube m³ into the space on one side of the partition m' in
the metal box M thence to the space on the other side of the said partition through
the tube m³ to the passage n in the block n' thence into the space between the
said block and the top of the lamp case thence through the upper of the apertures
13 in the sides of the case to the atmosphere. The metal box M is thus heated
by the passage through it of the products of combustion from the lamp and the
- chamber J is kept warm by the heat radiated from the said box. The fire clay.

page_text: block no prevents the heating of the oil contained in the lamp n' and prevents loss
of heat from the products of combustion passing to the box M and the louvres or
inclined plates n n arranged over the apertures n13 n¹³ in the lamp case prevent
disturbance of the llame of the lamp by currents of air and cause the entering air
to pass to the lamp and the products of combustion to pass from the lamp case as
required. The course of the air and products of combustion passing through the
apparatus as hereinbefore described is indicated by the arrows in Figures 12 and 17.
To insert the lamp in the lantern the spring n³ is compressed and the plate n².
lowered by pressing the pin n downward the lamp is then placed on the said plate
and the pin n³ is released when the lamp is forced upward by the spring and the
glass chimney of the said lamp thereby pressed against the underside of the fire
clay bloch no
'
The arrangement of lamp and lamp case and fire clay block hereinbofore
described is applicable to incubators of the kind described in the aforesaid
specification
My invention consists further in forming the cones and chimneys of lamps used
for heating incubators and for heating generally of fire clay or other suitable
refractory material which is an imperfect conductor of heat. Loss of heat by
radiation is thus avoided and better combustion results than when cones and
chimneys of metal and other good conductors of heat are used.
Figures 19 and 20 are elevations taken at right angles to each other of a lamp
burner provided with a combined cone and chimney of fire clay Figure 21 is a
plan of upperside Figure 22 is a plan of underside and Figures 23 and 24 are
sections taken respectively on the lines 8 and 9 Figuro 21 showing the said
combined cone and chimney separately from the burner. O is the burner P is the
combined cone and chimney the hollow p¹ constituting the cone and the passage p³
the chimney p³ is a recess in which is set a piece of glass or tale or other suitable
transparent or translucent material through which the flame may be seen when the
lamp is burning. The top of the block is made by preference inclined as shown
when the lamp is to be used with apparatus of the kind herein beforo described in
order that close contact of the said block with the flue through which the products
of combustion from the burner are required to pass may be secured by simply
sliding the lamp under the open end of the said flue until the said lamp is tightly
wedged in position under the mouth of the flue the face of which is inclined to
correspond with the inclined top of the block.
My invention consists further of the modifications herein after described of the
apparatus described in my aforesaid specification the object of the said modifications
being to render the said apparatus applicable for use in rearing prematurely born
infants and oviparious animals and in propagating bacteria and the like
;
In order to adapt the said apparatus to the rearing of prematurely born infants
I place the tank or water vessel in the lower part of the case leaving passages
around it for the passage of the air entering through and over the tray containing
water by which the air is moistened and I form apertures in the upper part of the
sides of the said case for the escape of the air so passing. In the upper part of the
said case on suitable bearers I place the cradle or cradles for the infant or infants
and the capsule by which the mechanism for regulating the temperature of the
apparatus actuated. At the sido of the said apparatus and projecting from the
case thereof I form an extension of the water vessel in which extension is placed
a suitable vessel containing the infant's food which is thus kept warm The top of
the apparatus is glazed and is hinged to one of the sides to admit of access to the
interior of the apparatus. This modification of my said apparatus is illustrated
in Figures 25, 26, 27 and 28 of the accompanying drawings Figure 25 being a plan
Figure 26 a side elevation of the said modification and Figures 27 and 28 sections
thereof the sections being taken respectively on the lines 10 and 11 Figure 25.
Qis the case of the apparatus the top of which is formed of glazed frame
hinged thereto R is the tank or water vessel is the flue therein through which

page_text: the products of combustion from the lamp pass 9 2¹ are the spaces for the passage
of air between the said tank R and the case. qq are the apertures in the upper
part of the case for the exit of air S S are the cradles and g³ q³ the bearers which
support them. The mechanism by which the capsule F is caused to actuate the
damper G consists of a rod f¹ bearing at one end against the said capsule and at
the other end against a screw T carried by a lever t¹ which is connected by a rod ta
with a levert to a prolongation t* of which lever ³ the damper C is connected.
The said lever t' and the rod t are supported by and are capable of turning
on centres to to carried by brackets or supports to to and on the said rod f' being
pushed outward by the expansion of the capsule F the said levers are caused so to
turn and the damper G is thereby raised. is the receptacle for the infant's food
and is the extension of the tank R in which extension the said receptacle is
placed the said extension being connected at its upper and lower parts with the
said tank by means of tubes-27. In the bottom of the said extension is an
opening provided with a screw stopper which admits of the tank R being
conveniently emptied when necessary is an opening in the lower part of the
case provided with a door or flap q³ by which air may be admitted to the case
without passing through the water tray D. When the said shutter is closed air
enters the case at the holes 9° 9. U is an instrument for sounding a bell when
the temperature within the case Q has risen above the required degree which
instrument is hereinafter fully described with reference to Figures 29 and 30 of the
accompanying drawings.
In order to adapt the apparatus described in my aforesaid specification to the
rearing of snakes and the like I arrange a floor or tray of perforated metal or other
suitable material in the upper part of the apparatus on which floor or tray the
snakes are placed the other parts of the apparatus being arranged as hereinbefore
last described. This arrangement or modification of my said apparatus is
illustrated in central vertical section in Figure 35 of the accompanying drawings
in which figure V is the floor of perforated metal on which the snakes are placed
and are the supports of the said floor. The passage of the hot air and
products of combustion from the heating apparatus through the flues ¹ in the
tank R is governed by a capsule as described in my aforesaid specification the
capsule being arranged above the floor V
In order to adapt the said apparatus to the propagation of bacteria and the liko
I place the tank in the upper part of the case and arrange the heating flues in the
lower part of the said tank and above the flues I place a diaphragm of perforated
metal and I form holes in the top of the tank to admit of the insertion of test
tubes containing the said bacteria and the like. The said test tubes may be
'supported at the required height in the tank by means of india rubber rings passed
over them and resting on the top of the tank around the holes through which the
tubes are inserted.
This arrangement is illustrated in central vertical section in Figure 36 of the
accompanying drawings in which figure is the said diaphragm W W are the test
tubes and ww the rings surrounding them and by which they are supported.
The capsule (not shown in the drawing) by which the heating of the water in the
tank R is governed is in this arrangement placed in the water in the said tank,
Where gas is used for heating the several arrangements of apparatus hereinbeforo
described I regulate the heat by increasing or decreasing the amount of gas passing
to the burner instead of by directing the products of combustion through or away
from the apparatus In order to govern automatically the increase and decrease of b
the supply of gas I connect the lever actuated by the capsule to a valve under
which the gas passes instead of connecting the said lever to the damper of the flue
or chimney of the lamp as described in my aforesaid specification. The valve I
prefer to use consists of a diaphragm of flexible material placed over the gas
passages and so arranged that when pressed upon by the said lever the passages
are closed the said valve being removed from and held clear of the gas passages by

page_text: a spring when the pressure of the lever is removed. In order to prevent the total
extinction of the gas flame when the valve is closed a "bye pass" or passage
unaffected by the valve is provided the size of the aperture of which "bye pass" is
capable of being regulated by means of a screw.
This arrangement of valve and its connections are illustrated in Figures 37 to 40
(both inclusive) of the accompanying drawings Figure 37 being a plan Figure 38
an elevation Figure 39 a section taken on the line 14* Figure 37 and Figure 40
a section taken on the line 15* Figure 37 Figures 41 and 42 aro details
hereinafter referred to
X is a metal casting (shown separately in plan in Figure 41) in which are formed
the gas passages consisting of a central recess 1 an annular recess 2 a passage
communicating between the said central recess and the inlet pipe 2¹ a passage 4
communicating between the said annular recess and the outlet pipe a passage 5
communicating between the said annular and central recessos 1 and 2 and
constituting the bye pass hereinbefore referred to also a tapped hole 6 in line with
the passage 5 in which hole 6 is a screwed pin 7 by screwing which pin in or out
the mouth of the passage may be more or less obstructed and the quantity of gas
passing thereby regulated 8 is the valve which I make of oiled silk or other flexible
material which is impervious to gas to the upper and undersides of which valve
discs 19 and 10 are cemented the disc 10 being of some slightly yielding material
such as papor. The said valve is shown separately in Figure 42. 11 is a lever
working on centres carried by standards 12 formed on the casting X to outer
end of which lever the rod supporting the damper (illustrated in the accompanying
drawings and hereinbefore referred to) is secured. 13 is a spring by which the
valve 8 is held clear of its seating 14 when not depressed by the said lever
and 15 is a scrow working in the said lever which screw corresponds with the
scrow g³ herein before referred to with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the
accompanying drawings the said screw when the valve is in use bearing on the top
of the rod which rests on and is actuated by the capsule. 16 is a ring by which
the valve 8 is secured in place and 17, 17 are lugs by which the casting X is
secured to the apparatus with which it is to be used.
The action of this arrangement is as follows:-When the parts are in the
position illustrated in Figure 39 the gas entering by the pipe al passes through the
passage 3 into the central recess 1 then over the valve seating 14 to the annular
recess 2 through the passage 4 to the outlet pipe x². When the capsule is expended
the rod resting thereon and bearing against the scrow 15 in the lover 11 is forced
up and that end of the said lever which bears on the valve 8 is depressed and the
said valve is pressed on its seating 14 and the passage of gas as hereinbefore
described is stopped the light at the burner is however not extinguished owing to
the passage of a small quantity of gas from the central recess 1 to the annular
recess 2 through the passage or "byo pass" 5.
In some cases I actuate the valve hereinbefore described by a thermostatic bar
instead of by an expansible and collapsible capsule.
My invention consists further of the means hereinafter described for auto-
matically causing a bell to be rung or an alarm to be given when the temperaturo
within the aforesaid apparatus for hatching and rearing has risen above a certain
point.
According to this part of my invention I place within the said apparatus a
hermetically sealed capsule containing a liquid which boils at a temperature a
little above that at which the chamber is required to be kept and I connect the said
capsule with mechanism (such as a clock alarum) for ringing a bell or giving an
alarm which mechanism is started or liberated by the withdrawal of a detent by the
expansion of the capsule. An instrument for effecting this purpose is hereinafter
described with reference to Figures 29 and 30 of the accompanying drawings
Figure 29 being a plan and Figure 30 an elevation Y is the case of the said
instrument Z is the bell which is struck by the hammer 16 to which vibratory

page_text: motion is communicated by the action of an escape wheel 17 on an escapement 18
secured to a spindle 19 carrying the said hammer to which escape wheel motion is
communicated from a volute spring 20 by a toothed wheel 21 which gears with a
pinion 22 on the axis of the wheel 17. The spring 20 is wound up when necessary
by turning the winged nut 23 which is screwed onto the spindle 24 to which the
spring 20 is affixed and passes through a hollow pillar 25 supporting the bell Z.
The free end of the hammer 16 when the mechanism is not in action rests against
the free end of a spring pin or detent 26 between which spring pin and the outer
side of the case Y is placed a capsule F of the kind described in the aforesaid
specification which capsule is charged with a liquid which boils at the temperature
at which the bell is required to be sounded. The expansion of the said capsule
causing the spring pin or detent 26 to be forced outward clear of the hammer 16.
the bell is rung when the temperature within the case of the apparatus in which
the instrument is placed has risen above the degree at which the liquid within the
said capsule boils which degree of temperature is a little above that required within
the said caso.
Instead of using an instrument or apparatus of the construction hercinbefore
described I in some cases cause the alarm to be given by the closing of the circuit
of an electric battery by the expansion of the capsule an electric bell or alarum
being placed in the circuit of the battery so that the current therefrom when the
circuit is closed causes the bell or alarum to be sounded Or apparatus or
mechanism of any other suitable kind capable of being actuated by or the action of
which may be governed by the expansion and collapsion of a capsule or case
containing a vaporizable liquid may be used.
My invention consists further of the means hereinafter described for automatically
ventilating the aforesaid apparatus for hatching and rearing when the temperature
has risen above the required point
According to this part of my invention I mount within the said apparatus a
capsule containing a liquid which boils at a temperature a little higher than that at
which the interior of the apparatus is required to be kept and I connect the said
capsule with a shutter mounted on pivots or otherwise mounted relatively to
an aperture in the said apparatus so that the said shutter is removed from the
said aperture when the said capsule is expanded and is returned and closes the
said aperture on the said capsule collapsing.
One form of such apparatus is illustrated in plan in Figure 31 of the accompanying
drawings and in section (taken on the line 12* Figure 31) in Figure 32. The said
apparatus consists of a hollow cylinder 27 in one end of which a valve 28 is
mounted on centres 29 29 which valve is kept in position to close the end of the
said cylinder by means of a cord 30 secured at one end to and passed around a
rod 31 which forms the axis of the valve and secured at the other end to a 4
capsule F containing a liquid which boils at the temperature at which the valve is
required to open. The said capsule is secured to a screw 32 passing through the
centre of a frame 33 secured to or formed on the end of the cylinder opposite to
that in which the valve is mounted which screw admits of the required tension
being put on the cord 30. 34 is a spring secured at one end to the cylinder and at
the other to the axis of the valve which spring when free to act opens the valve.
The action is as follows:-On the expansion of the liquid in the capsule F the
cord 30 is relaxed and the spring 34 contracts causing the valve 28 to turn on its
centres and uncover the upper end of the cylinder 27. The position of the valve 28
when partly turned is indicated in dotted lines in Figure 32. On the temperature
within the apparatus to which the valve is applied falling below the point at which
the liquid in the capsule F boils the said capsule collapses and draws down the cord
30 thereby closing the valve 28 and extending the spring 34. The valve is applied
to the apparatus with which it is to be used by securing the cylinder with its open
end over an aperture in the case of the said apparatus
Another arrangement of valve actuated by an expansible and collapsible capsulo

page_text: is hereinafter described with reference to Figures 33 and 34 of the accompanying
drawings in which Figures the application of an automatic ventilator to the
chamber J of the rearing apparatus herein before described with reference to
Figures 6 to 12 of the accompanying drawings is illustrated Figure 33 being a
vertical longitudinal section of the said chamber and Figure 34 a transverse section.
taken on the line 13* Figure 33 In the said arrangement 35 is the valve which is
carried by a lever 36 mounted in bearings 37 on a wooden partition 38 which is
substituted for the metal plate j¹ (see Figures 9 and 11) which valve 35 is arranged.
over an opening 39 in the partition 38 and is raised and lowered according to the
temperature within the chamber J by the expansion and collapsion of a capsule F
acting on the lever 36 through a rod which passes through a tube 40 set in
the box M. In this arrangement the packing of saw dust above the partition
(see Figures 9 and 11) is dispensed with and holes 41 are formed in the upper part
of the chamber J for the escape of air when the valve 35 is raised the air passing
as indicated by the arrows:-
The arrangement hereinbefore described with reference to and illustrated in
Figures 29 and 30 of the accompanying drawings for causing a bell or alarum to
be sounded and the arrangement herein before described with referenco to and
illustrated in Figures 31, 32, 33 and 34 of the accompanying drawings for causing
a ventilator to be opened are capable of use in any situation where on a rise
of temperature above a certain point an indication is required to be given or
a ventilator is required to be opened.
Having thus described the nature of my invention of "Improvements in
apparatus for hatching and rearing oviparous animals and rearing or nursing
infants and propagating bacteria which improvements are in part applicable to
other purposes" and the manner in which tho said invention is to be performed
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details
hereinbefore described as they may be varied without departing from the nature of
my invention but I claim as my said Invention.
First-The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
incubator or apparatus for batching eggs by artificial heat herein before described
with reference to and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying
drawings
Secondly-An incubator consisting of a case divided internally into two
chambers or compartments by means of a partition of metal or other good
conductor of heat the upper chamber or compartment being heated by the passage
to or through it of heated air and the lower one containing the receptacle for
the eggs to be hatched and being heated by radiation from the said partition
substantially as herein before described.
Thirdly The combination with an incubator of the construction referred to in
the last preceding claim of apparatus for automatically controlling the passage of
heat to or through the upper chamber or compartment the said apparatus consisting
of mechanism actuated by a thermostatic bar or by a capsule of the kind described
in my atoresaid specification
Fourthly Constructing lamps for use in hoating apparatus of the kind herein-.
before described; as hereinbefore described with reference to and illustrated in
Figures 3 and 5 of the accompanying drawings that is to say mounting the burner
of the lamp on a tube or case and supporting the said tube or case on a spring as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Fifthly-The improved arrangement herein before described and illustrated in
Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings for heating the water in the tanks of
incubators and apparatus for use in rearing infants and oviparous animals and
propagating bacteria that is to say a water vessel arranged outside the case of the
incubator or other apparatus and in communication with the tank thereof and in
connection with a lamp or other source of heat the heated air and products of
combustion from which are caused to pass in contact with the said vessel when
required substantially as hereinbefore described.

page_text: Sixthly-The improved arrangement herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 9, 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings for heating apparatus for use
in rearing young birds the said arrangement consisting of a box of motal or other
good conductor of heat mounted in the upper part of the chamber to be heated and
divided internally for a portion of its length and connected with a lamp or other
suitable source of heat so that the products of combustion and heated air therefrom
pass into and out of the said box at the same side or end.
Seventhly The general construction and arrangement of parts constituting the
lantern or lamp case for use in heating apparatus for use in rearing young birds,
herein before described with reference to and illustrated in Figures 13, 14, 15, 16,'
17 and 18 of the accompanying Drawings
Eighthly Arranging louvres or inclined plates within the cases of lamps for
heating apparatus for use in rearing young birds as and for the purposes herein-
before described with reference to Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the
accompanying drawings
Ninthly Forming the flues or passages for conveying heat from a lamp to or to
and from apparatus for use in hatching eggs and apparatus for uso in roaring
infants and oviparous animals and propagating bacteria of firo clay or other
imperfect conductor of heat for the purpose and substantially as heroinbefore
described.
Tenthly Arranging a spring beneath a lamp or the support of a lamp used for
heating incubators and apparatus for use in rearing infants and oviparous animals
and propagating bacteria for the purpose and substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 15 and 17 of the accompanying drawings
Eleventhly The arrangement of a reflector in connection with a lamp or the
case of a lamp used for heating apparatus for use in hatching and rearing the
position of the said reflector with respect to tho lamp burner being such that
the image of the flame of the lamp may be conveniently seen therein.
Twelfthly Making the deflecting cones and chimneys of lamps used for heating
of fire clay or other suitable refractory material which is an imperfect conductor
of heat.
Thirteenthly-The modification herein before described with reference to and
illustrated in Figures 25, 26, 27 and 28 of the accompanying drawings of the
apparatus described in my aforesaid specification
Fourteenthly-The arrangement herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 25, 26 and 28 of the accompanying drawings for warming food that is to
say the arrangement outside the case of the apparatus referred to in the last
preceding claim and in communication with the heating tank thereof of a vessel or
extension of the tank formed suitably to receive a receptacle for the food to be
warmed substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifteenthly The use of a capsule of the kind described in the specification
hereinbefore referred to for starting or releasing mechanism by which a bell is rung
or an alarm is given substantially as hereinbefore described
Sixteenthly The 'use of a capsule of the kind described in the specification
hereinbefore referred to for closing the circuit of an electric battery substantially
as hereinbefore described.
Seventeenthly The use of a capsule of the kind described in the specification
hereinbefore referred to for actuating a ventilator
Eighteenthly-The modification hereinbefore described with reference to and
illustrated in Figure 35 of the accompanying drawings of the apparatus described
in my aforesaid specification
Nineteenthly-The modification hereinbefore described with reference' to and
illustrated in Figure 36 of the accompanying drawings of the apparatus described
in my aforesaid specification
Twentiethly The use of a capsule of the kind described in the specification
herein before 'referred to for actuating a gas valve substantially as herein before
described.

page_text: Twenty-firstly-The use of a thermostatic bar for actuating a gas valve of the
kind hereinbefore described with reference to and illustrated in Figures 37 to 40
both inclusive of the accompanying drawings
In witness whereof I the said Charles Edward Hearson have hereunto set my
hand and seal this third day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty four
CHARLES. EDWARD HEARSON (L.S.)