IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, of
the English and Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, France, for the Invention
of Toron
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 15th March 1854.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English and.
Foreign Patent Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in causing a current of cold or
enter a box terminated at its upper part by a grate which may be fixed or
moveable.
The gases of combustion and heated air partly proceed through an opening
in the plate at the back of the box into a chamber of a zigzag or other suitable
shape, and thence into the chimney, and partly direct into the chimney. A.
current of cold air from the exterior of the apartment is made to pass in front.
and behind the zigzag chamber, which air after being heated egresses into the.
apartment by suitable openings.
A, box; C, the ash pan; G, grate set at the upper part of A; B, opening

page_text: through which the external air is made to pass to enter the air box A, and
which is regulated by a key a; F, combustible; I, plate in front of the box
for retaining the combustible; K, chamber having a zigzag or other suitable
form, set behind the grate; L, L, external sides of the zigzag chamber, shut at
top and bottom, serving to heat the air from without introduced through the
openings O, O, to be afterwards discharged into the apartment. The arrows
M, M, shew the direction of the heated gases through the chamber K and
chimney X.
The mode of supplying air to the combustible direct from without may also
be applied to furnaces and other heating apparatus for facilitating the com-
bustion of the fuel at present employed, and also enabling fuel of a poor
quality or refractory combustible, such as anthracite, to be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau in the Great
•. Seal Patent Office on the 15th September 1854.
TO ALL TO, WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,' PETER
ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of the English and Foreign Patent
Office, 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris,
France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of. Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, Her special license,
that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,, the said Peter Armand le
Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, 'should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of. Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next; and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention communicated to
me; and in what manner the same: is to be performed,' to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the Drawing hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
The Invention communicated. to me consists in causing a current of cold
or warm air to enter a box terminated at its upper part by a grate, which
may be fixed or moveable, and which new mode of heating may be rendered
applicable to stoves and furnaces' in general, and also to the stoves and
furnace described in former Letters Patent granted to me; videlicet, first, for
"Improvements in the Construction of Furnaces," and dated the Twenty-ninth
day of June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three; secondly, for Im-
provements in Apparatus for Heating, dated the Twenty-ninth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
1
...The current. of air is directed and regulated, and having no other exit than
through the interstices of the fuel, the required activity of combustion can always
be kept up, by which a greater portion of the smoke and gases is utilized.
".
DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW MODE OF HEATING.
Figure 1, vertical section of an apparatus for heating apartments. A, air box;
C, ash pan; G, grate set at the upper part of A; B, opening regulated by a key
a, through which the external air is made to pass on its way to the air box A;
F, combustible; I, plate in front of the grate to retain the combustible; K,
chamber having a zigzag form set behind the grate; L, mouth of the chamber;
O',.O', O', triangular spaces formed by the sides of the zigzag chamber, &
shut at top and bottom, serving to heat the outer air introduced through the
openings 0, 0, which is afterwards discharged into the apartment. The
arrows M, M, shew the direction of the smoke and heated gases through the
chamber K and chimney X. The gases of combustion and heated air partly
proceed through an opening in the plate at the back of the box into the zigzag
chamber, and thence into the chimney, and partly direct into the chimney. A
current of cold air from the exterior of the apartment is made to pass under the
fuel, and another current of cold air is made to pass through the spaces O', 0¹,
of the zigzag chamber, which latter current of air after being heated egresses.
into the apartment by suitable openings.
Figure 2 is a plan of the grate taken out; the bars b, b, b, seen in plan at

page_text: Figure 6, are set across the frame A, A, A; they may be dependent or inde-
pendent of each other, and are in contact at the ends; T, handle for moving
-the grate.
Figure 3 shews a frame B, B, B, B, on which the grate, Figure 2, is set. The
frame supporting the bars may move over rails on the sides B, B, B, B, or on
"wheels 39, 9, set in them, the axes a, a, of which pass through the sides B of the
frame;,, space outside the grate in which the external air enters through
the conduit pipe D, and where the register or valve y, y, is placed, moveable
at will by means of the rod a. The lower frame B, B, is supported by four
legs P, P, P, P, of which two are shewn in Figure 4, which is a longitudinal
section of the grate.
Figure 5, elevation of a grate bar, which may be solid or hollow. The cold
or warm current of air may enter from outside, from the adjoining rooms, from
the room below, or above, according to circumstances, its entrance being regu-
lated by means of a valve.
.
The sides A', A', Figure 4, are the spaces formed by a double casing set
between the grate and the wall of the chimney, serving to heat the air pre-
viously to its escaping into the room. The fire enters the zigzag chamber K,
Figure 1, shewn separately at Figures 7 & 8, through the opening L, the distance
of which above the fire may vary. Instead of allowing the smoke and gases
of combustion to escape into the chimney at the point M, Figure 1, they may
be made to descend behind the apparatus through the pipe D, Figure 7, as
shewn by the arrows, to heat another plate before passing off into the chimney,
and thus increase the heating surfaces for the air.
The principle of forced and regulated currents of air brought from
outside by pipes set behind or under the grate, as herein-before described,
may be applied to the apparatus described in the Specifications dated the.
Twenty-ninth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three,
for "Improvements in the Construction of Furnaces," and the Twenty-ninth
day of August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, for "Improve-
ments in Apparatus for Heating," to effect therein a more complete combustion.
of fuel.
.
To insure the supply of a regular current of air to furnaces and other
heating apparatus, the air should be received at a certain distance. The
distance of the grate from the body to be heated is determined by the nature
of the fuel. The number of grates may be increased as much as required and
circumstances will permit; they may be separated by fire-brick partitions, and
act conjointly or separately, according as required.
When the grates are separate, it enables one to be cleaned without stopping

page_text: the others. This arrangement is peculiarly suitable for anthracite coal and
other analogous fuel.
The grate with a forced current of air may be employed for bakers ovens,
and enable fuel of the kinds most difficult to burn to be used. It should be set
inside the oven on a level with the hearth, and holes of about three inches in
diameter should be made at the bottom and about half way up both sides of the
oven walls, to give passage to the smoke and gases.
The number of these small openings is proportionate to the dimensions of
the oven; they communicate by means of conduct pipes of equal length with
a main tube placed over the oven and serving as chimney. A key or register
is employed to regulate the draught in each conduct pipe, and when the oven
is sufficiently hot another key serves to stop the main tube air-tight.
Immediately after the fire is lit, the forced current of air is introduced,
which enters a box under the grate to feed the combustion. The door of the.
oven should then be shut air-tight to prevent loss of heat.
And having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into execution, I wish it to be understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details of construction; but what
I claim is,-
First, the supplying a forced and regulated current of air to stoves, as herein-
before described, and referred to in Figure 1 of the Drawing.
Secondly, the construction and application of a zigzag or other similarly
constructed chamber to apparatus for heating apartments, as herein-before
described and referred to in Figures 1, 7, and 8.
Thirdly, the mechanical arrangements for the construction of stoves for
apartments, as herein-before described and referred to in the several Figures of
the Drawing.
Fourthly, the application of mechanical arrangements for supplying a forced
and regulated current of air or a modification thereof to stoves, furnaces, and
ovens, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
L' DE FONTAINE MEREAU. (L.S.)