Method of and Apparatus for Shaping, Ornamenting, and Polishing. Hollow Metallic Bodies.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Aug., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Apparatus for Shaping, Ornamenting, and Polishing.
Hollow Metallic Bodies.
I, WILHELM LORENZ, of Westendstrasse, of 44 Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of
Baden, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to a method of shaping or altering the form of hollow
metallic bodies, such as tubes, cases, vessels &c. both in a radial and an axial direc-
tion and also of ornamenting the surfaces thereof, which consist mainly in acting upon
such bodies by means of a series of tools arranged in a circle and capable of being
moved backwards and forwards in a radial direction while either the tools are rotated
round the body, or the latter is rotated within the tools (or movement may be
imparted to both parts) and at the same time the one or the other part receives an
axial motion.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings shew by way of example an arrange-
ment for carrying out the above described process.
In a disc A which can be moved in an axial direction, are arranged a number of
tools (shaping or polishing tools) a in such manner that they are capable of being
moved in a radial direction towards or away from the centre, for which purpose.they
may be actuated either by a rack 6 and pinion c, or by links d and rotatable ring e, or-
by slots fin a rotatable ring h, into which take studs g on the tool as at Fig. 1, or by
screws and toothed gear kas at Fig. 1a; or by a lever action by means of
pivots o and a rotatable ring p with studs q as at Fig. 1b, or by any other suitable
mechanism.
These tools are all actuated simultaneously by means of a pinion C on a driving
shaft B gearing with a toothed ring on the disc A, which has internal teeth D gearing
with a toothed segment E on the axis of which is a pinion c gearing with the toothed
rack on the tool a. Or the said toothed gear effects movement of the ring e or h
relatively to the disc A on which the tools are mounted and thus imparts motion to
the latter through link d or slot and stud fg.
In the arrangement at Fig. 1b the simultaneous motion of the tools is effected in a
similar manner, namely by the motion of the ring p relatively to the disc A.
In the arrangement at Fig. 1ª the simultaneous motion is effected by a toothed
ring. k driven by a bevil pinion C.
If now the disc A be placed with its central opening over a hollow body.K Fig. 2,
and is moved either by hand or by suitable mechanical devices such as slides,
screws &c. in the axial direction, such as from m to n, and if at the same time the
tools a, are made to approach each other by the rotation of the shaft B, the tools will
be made to alter the form of the hollow body, the configuration imparted to the latter
being dependent upon the description of radial movement imparted to the tools in
relation to the axial motion imparted to the disc A.
Thus, for producing the configuration shewn of the body K for example, starting
from the point m, there is required first a slow forward movement of the disc A with
a rapid radial advance in two steps of the tools to the point m', after which there is a
rapid retreat of the tools with slow forward movement of the disc to the point m², then
the disc advances rapidly with a slow radial advance of the tools to the point n.
From 'n the remainder of the body may either be made of cylindrical form by
advancing the disc A while the tools remain in the position indicated, or it may have
any other form imparted to it, such as that indicated by dotted lines, by a corresponding
inward or outward movement of the tools.

page_text: The rotation of the pinion C can be effected in any desired manner from a rectili-
near or curved guide or template, so that the action of the latter upon the pinion at
every point is made to correspond with the desired configuration of the corresponding
point of the body.
Thus a lever on the shaft B can be acted upon by the said template or by hand, or.
by an eccentric. At Fig. 1 the motion of the pinion C is effected by means of a
slotted arm to which a to and fro motion is imparted and which is connected to the
shaft B by an arm s having a stud entering the slot.
Instead of imparting an axial movement to the disc A as described, it may receive
a rotary motion while the body to he acted upon receives a longitudinal motion; or
the body may be rotated and the disc remain stationary; or both parts may have a.
different rotary motion.
Again, the one part may be rotated and the other moved longitudinally without
changing the radial position of the tools, so that a hollow body is produced having
helical or other shaped flutings as shown for example at Fig. 3; lastly, the rotation
of either part may be entirely omitted, the one part receiving only a longitudinal
motion.*
In the latter case, only changes of form in the transverse section of the body.are
obtained, such as grooves, flutings and the like, which may either be of uniform
depth if the tools receive no radial motion or which may be of variable depth if the
tools are moved radially; sections of this nature are shewn at Figs. 4 and 5. The
acting surfaces of the tools are of course shaped to correspond with the configuration
to be produced.
If the tools of a disc have different radial speeds imparted to them, for example'
by different pitches to the screw i Fig. 1ª, configurations such as those shown at
Figs. 6 and 7 are produced."
If the tools are made to act as above described only against the surfaces of
hollow bodies without otherwise changing their form, the surfaces may be ornamented
with intersecting helical or other lines.
Thus for instance a vase produced in the manner above described can be ornamented
as shewn at Fig. 8, or a conical tube can have a diamond pattern imparted to it as at
Fig. 9.
,1
The disc A can also be arranged with two sets of tools, as at Fig. 10. In this case
the front tools a can be made to effect a preliminary shaping, and the rear ones a
act as finishing tools, or the hollow body may be entirely shaped by the front tools
and be smoothed, burnished or ornamented by the rear ones.
Another arrangement for operating with two sets of tools is shown at Fig. 11.
The rear set of tools a¹ are of circular cross section and rotate round their axes, while
at the same time they are forced forward in a radial direction by springs or other
suitable means. The front set of tools a serve, as before for imparting the general
configuration, while the rear ones a¹ which may have either a smooth, rough or
cutting surface, effect the polishing, milling, or other operation.
The tools a a¹ can be actuated either separately as at Fig. 11, the toothed ring Z,
being driven by the shaft B and the toothed ring Z' by the hollow shaft B' through
toothed gear and C¹.
It will be seen that by the above described method' hollow bodies of any desired
configuration can be formed out of cylindrical or conical tubes, and be provided with
any desired ornamentation such as parallel or helical regular or irregular grooves or
flutings of greater or less depth or with parallel or crossing lines, or undulating
impressions, and the like.
Dated this 28th day of November 1888.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Method of and Apparatus for Shaping, Ornamenting, and Polishing
Hollow Metallic Bodies.
I, WILHELM LORENZ of 44 Westendstrasse of Karlsruhe in the Grand Duchy of
Baden, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a method of shaping or altering the form of hollow
metallic bodies, such as tubes cases, vessels &c. both in a radial and an axial direction
and also of ornamenting the surfaces thereof, which consists mainly in acting upon
such bodies by means of a series of tools arranged in a circle and capable of being
moved backwards and forwards in a radial direction while either the tools are rotated
round the body, or the latter is rotated within the tools, (or movement may be
imparted to both parts,) and at the same time the one or the other part receives an
axial motion.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification shew
by way of example an arrangement for carrying out the above described process.
In a disc A which can be moved in an axial direction, are arranged a number of
tools (shaping or polishing tools) a in such manner that they are capable of being
moved in a radial direction towards or away from the centre, for which purpose they
may be actuated either by a rack 6 and pinion c, or by links d and rotatable ring e,
or by slots fin a rotatable ring h, into which take studs g on the tool as at Fig. 1 or
by screws and toothed gear k l as at Fig. 1; or by a lever action by means of
pivots o and a rotatable ring p with studs q as at Fig. 1' or by any other suitable
mechanism..
These tools are all actuated simultaneously by means of a pinion C on a driving
shaft B gearing with a toothed ring on the disc A, which has internal teeth D gearing
with a toothed segment E on the axis of which is a pinion c gearing with the toothed
rack 6 on the tool a. Or the said toothed gear effects movement of the ring e or
relatively to the disc A on which the tools are mounted and thus imparts motion to
the latter through link d or slot and stud f, g.
In the arrangement at Fig. 1b the simultaneous motion of the tools is effected in a
similar manner namely by the motion of the ring p relatively to the disc A.
In the arrangement at Fig. 1ª the simultaneous motion is effected by a toothed
ring k driven by a bevil pinion C.
If now the disc A be placed with its central opening over a hollow body K Fig. 2,
and is moved either by hand or by suitable mechanical devices such as slides,
screws &c. in the axial direction such as from m to n, and if at the same time the
tools a are made.to approach each other by the rotation of the shaft B, the tools will.
be made to alter the form of the hollow body, the configuration imparted to the latter
being dependent upon the description of radial movement imparted to the tools in:
relation to the axial motion imparted to the disc A.
Thus for producing the configuration shewn of the body K for example, starting
from the point m, there is required first a slow forward movement of the disc A with
a rapid radial advance in two steps of the tools to the point m' after which there is a
rapid retreat of the tools with slow forward movement of the disc to the point m² then
the disc advances rapidly with a slow radial advance of the tools to the point n.
From the remainder of the body may either be made of cylindrical form by
advancing the disc A while the tools remain in the position indicated, or it may have
any other form imparted to it, such as that indicated by dotted lines by a corresponding
inward or outward movement of the tools.
The rotation of the pinion C can be effected in any desired manner from a
rectilinear or curved guide or template, so that the action of the latter upon the pinion
at every point is made to correspond with the desired configuration of the corresponding
point of the body..
Thus a lever on the shaft B can be acted upon by the said template or by hand, or

page_text: by an excentric. At Fig. 1 the motion of the pinion C is effected by means of a
slotted arm to which a to and fro motion is imparted and which is connected to the
shaft B by an arm s having a stud entering the slot.
Instead of imparting an axial movement to the disc A.as described it may receive
a rotary motion while the body to be acted upon receives a longitudinal motion; or.
the body may be rotated and the disc remain stationary; or both parts may have a
different rotary motion. Again the one part may be rotated and the other moved
Jongitudinally without changing the radial position of the tools, so that a hollow body
is produced having helical or other shaped flutings as shewn for example at Fig. 3;
lastly the rotation of either part may be entirely omitted, the one part receiving
only a longitudinal motion. In the latter case, only changes of form in the transverse
section of the body are obtained such as grooves flutings and the like, which may
either be of uniform depth if the tools receive no radial motion or which may be of
variable depth if the tools are moved radially; sections of this nature are shewn at
Figs. 4 and 5. The acting surfaces of the tools are of course shaped to correspond
with the configuration to be produced.
If the tools of a disc have different radial speeds imparted to them, for example,
by different pitches to the screw i Fig. 1, configurations such as those shewn at
Figs. 6 and 7 are produced.
If the tools are made to act as above described only against the surfaces of hollow
bodies without otherwise changing their form, the surfaces may be ornamented with
intersecting helical or other lines. Thus for instance a vase produced in the manner
above described can be ornamented as shewn at Fig. 8, or a conical tube can have a
diamond pattern imparted to it as at Fig. 9.
The disc A can also be arranged with two sets of tools, as at Fig. 10. In this case
the front tools a can be made to effect a preliminary shaping, and the rear ones a¹ to
act as finishing tools, or the hollow body may be entirely shaped by the front tools and
be smoothed, burnished or ornamented by the rear ones.
Another arrangement for operating with two sets of tools is shewn at Fig. 11.
The rear set of tools a¹ are of circular cross section and rotate round their axis, while
at the same time they are forced forward in a radial direction by springs or other
suitable means. The front, set of tools a serve, as before for imparting the general
configuration, while the rear ones a¹, which may have either a smooth, rough or cutting
surface, effect the polishing milling, or other operation.
The tools a a¹ can be actuated either separately as at Fig. 11, the toothed ring Z
being driven by the shaft B and the toothed ring Z by the hollow shaft B¹ through
toothed gear C and C.
It will be seen that by the above described method hollow bodies of any desired
configuration can be formed out of cylindrical or conical tubes, and be provided with
any desired ornamentation such as parallel or helical regular or irregular grooves or
flutings of greater or less depth or with parallel or crossing lines, or undulating
impressions, and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Shaping or altering the form of hollow metallic bodies or ornamenting the
surface thereof by acting thereon with tools capable of advancing and receding in a
radial direction, while at the same time the tools, or the body acted upon are or is
moved in the axial direction of the body, substantially as herein described.
2. The use for shaping or ornamenting bodies as set forth in the preceding claim,
of apparatus constructed and operating substantially as herein described with reference
to the drawings.
Th: 00.
1
Ր A
1 1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.