IM- PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah George Jennings, of Great Charlotte Street,
Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
Sealed the 4th July 1856, and dated the 18th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah George Jennings at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th April 1856.
I, JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS, of Great Charlotte Street, Blackfriars Road,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps. For this purpose
the piston rod has a piston at each of its ends, and, by preference, doubled cup
pistons are used; these pistons work at the two ends of a long barrel or
cylinder. The central part of the barrel or cylinder has a slot at each side,
through which a pin or projection from the piston rod works, and by means of
connecting rods and crank axis, or other suitable gearing, the pump rod receives
its to-and-fro motion; one end of the barrel or cylinder is covered with a
moveable cover; the valve box is formed with or is fixed to the other end of
the cylinder or barrel. From the valve box a pipe communicates with the
covered end of the barrel or cylinder. The valve box is arranged with four
valves, two induction and two eduction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Josiah George Jennings in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSIAH
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Great Charlotte Street, Blackfriars Road, in the County
of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Josiah
George Jennings, Her special licence that I, the said Josiah George Jennings,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Josiah
George Jennings, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Josiah George Jennings, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Josiah George Jennings, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps. For this pur-
pose the piston rod has a piston at each of its ends, and, by preference, doubled
cup pistons are used; these pistons work at the two ends of a long barrel or
cylinder; the central part of the barrel or cylinder has a slot at each side,
through which a pin or projection from the piston rod works, and by means of
connecting rods and crank axis, or other suitable gearing, the pump rod
receives its to-and-fro .motion; one end of the barrel or cylinder is covered
with a moveable cover, the valve box is formed with or is fixed to the other
end of the cylinder or barrel. From the valve box a pipe communicates with

page_text: four valves, two induction and two eduction.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a front view, partly in section, of a pump, combined and
constructed according to my Invention; Figure 2 shews a side view thereof,
partly in section. a, a, is the pump barrel having slots b, b, at its sides; c is a
piston rod having a piston d at each end, and it is preferred that the pistons
should be each formed with double cupped leathers, as is shewn in the
Drawing. The piston rod has necks or projections c¹, c', formed or fixed.
thereon, which pass through the slots b, and their ends are connected to
slings e, e, or forked ends to the rod f, by means of which the piston rod is
raised and lowered by any suitable power; g is the cover of the pump barrel a,
and such cover is fixed by screw bolts and nuts to the upper end of the barrel a,
as shewn; h, h, is the valve box, which might be made with the pump barrel,
but it is preferred to construct it separate, and to apply it to the pump barrel,
as shewn; and it is also preferred to form an air vessel i at the upper part of
the valve box, but I would state that I make no claim to the valve box or to
the air vessel. The valve box is arranged with four valves (two induction
valves and two eduction valves), one induction valve and one eduction valve
for each end of the barrel or cylinder a. The dotted lines in Figure 1 shew
casings over the slings, but open at top, in order that there may be water in
the barrel a between the two pistons therein, by which the slings at all times
work in water. j is the suction pipe to the lower part of the valve box; k is the
induction valve seat for the lower end of the cylinder or barrel a, the water
entering by the passage into the lower one of the pump barrel; m is the seat
of the induction valve for the upper end of the pump barrel a, and the water
ascends a pipe n, which communicates with the covered or upper end of the
barrel a by the passage o, as shewn by the Drawing. On the down stroke,
the water from the lower part of the pump barrel a passes out through the
passage 1, up the rising or connecting pipe p into the upper part of the valve
box, and away through the valve seat q of the eduction valve to the lower part
of the pump barrel. The water in the up stroke passes from the upper end of
the
pump barrel through the passage o, and thence through the eduction valve
at r. The four valves are all arranged to open upwards, as shewn at Figure 2.

page_text: The rising pipes descends into the air vessel i formed at the upper part of the
valve box, as shewn.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any of
the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the precise details shewn and
described; but what I claim is, the mode herein described of combining the
use of two pistons on one piston rod, with a pump barrel and suitable
valve box.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah George Jennings, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
FRED HARRIS.
JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS. (L.B.)