NEW OR IMPROVED MODES OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER AND IN THE MEANS, APPARATUS. OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PART OF BUCH APPARATUS OR MECHANISM BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MEASURING OF FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Robertson, of the City of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
"NEW OR IMPROVED MODES OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER
AND IN THE MEANS, APPARATUS. OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PART
OF BUCH APPARATUS OR MECHANISM BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MEASURING
OF FLUIDS."
Sealed the 12th January 1869, and dated the 14th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents. with his Petition, on the
14th October 1868.
1, JAMES ROBERTSON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "NEW OR IMPROVED MODES OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE
POWER, AND IN THE MEANS. APPARATUS. OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR
PART OF SUCH APPARATUS OR MECHANISM BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MEASURING
OF FLUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This said Invention under the first head or section consists mainly
and generally in new or improved modes of generating and heating
or producing fluid currents for actuating motive power engines generally.

page_text: And under the second head or section this Invention consists in new or
improved modes of transmitting motive power to, in, and through or by
mechanism or engines constructed so as to have one actuating fluid of
cach motor introduced, forced, or injected in the form of a jet or stream
through an annular nozzle or other conduit made so as to draw another
or second fluid or fluids into and through the main duct, or it may be
the partially spent currents of the same actuating fluid or fluids which
have first passed through the motor as the actuating body, but which
have still some force, heat, or other property left which it is or may be
desirable and profitable to utilize either alone or along with the said
secondary induced fluids, or any desired proportion of these and the
partially spent or return currents, and in the directing and applying such
combined or compound currents, all so as to actuate the motive power
engine or mechanism by the force and expansion of such combined
fluid currents (whether liquids as water, or 'the more elastic gaseous
fluids, such as air, steam, or the gaseous products of combustion, are
employed separately or jointly) in each or cither of these cases, and
whether applied to rectilineal, reciprocating, or rotatory classes of
mechanical motors or engines, whether the initial or secondary currents
are produced in generators of the ordinary construction or by the new or
improved modes and means of generating them under the first head or
section of this said Invention.
And under the third head or section this said Invention consists
mainly in new or improved modes of regulating the flow of the
actuating or measured fluids to and from the cylinders of recipro-
cating motive-power engines, fluid meters, or measuring machines, by
forming the ports in and through the working surfaces of the cylinder
and piston so as to form also the induction or eduction valve or valves
and their fluid-tight working surfaces, and by giving the piston an
oscillatory motion on its axis in the well-known and proper sequential
time and relative position to suit that of its own longitudinal reci
procatory motion instead of the separate slide and other valves usually
employed for the like purposes. The parts of this Invention under all
of these heads or sections are susceptible of very many modifications and
adaptations to suit the particular fluids and mechanical construction of
force-generating and transmitting apparatus or engine and the purposes
for which these are to be applied, some modifications only of which it is
considered necessary to herein-after and further describe in order to
provisionally specify the whole nature of the Invention and the means by

page_text: which it is to be carried into effect, all of which improvements forming
this said Invention will make motive-power mechanism or engines con-
structed in accordance therewith more simple both in their construction
and action, all so as to be produced and maintained thereafter in action
at a less cost or more economically respectively and generally than they
have been as heretofore constructed.
This said Invention under the first head or section consists in a mode
of generating a current or motive agent of steam, vapour, or gases, so as
to actuate motive-power engines by which the water or other fluid to be
used or acted upon is for the most part heated by direct contact with the
fuel in a state of combustion or with the heated gases eliminated
therefrom, instead of by transmitting the heat to the water or fluid
through plates, as is done in generating steam in a common boiler. The
water or fluid to be heated to be kept from mixing with the fuel by being
in a state of motion and by having in the duct or channel for the passage
of the fluid to heated, and interposed between it and the heating fuel, a
slanting or "louver board" shaped opening or openings or gratings, the
direct contact of the water or fluid to be heated taking place mainly at
the slanting or "louver board" shaped openings.
One modification or means of generating steam from water under the
first head or section of this said Invention consists in the water being
entered in a jet, jets, or spray under pressure in an upward vertical
direction through an internally conical or trumpet-shaped pipe made
of cast iron or any suitable material, having "cored" or formed in it a
number of openings slanting upwards in the same direction as the
injected water is made to play. The form and size of this conical or
tapering pipe may with advantage be such as the water jets would not
touch when passing up undisturbed by heat; and may be of any
convenient section to fit the position and form these jets assume.
Surrounding this conical jet pipe is formed a furnace of about the same
height as the jet pipe, having an outer casing of brickwork or other
material and one or more firing doors with fire-bars, and openings
for the admission of air to support combustion; the furnace thus formed
to be covered in at the top and surmounted by a vessel into which the
the conical jet pipe is entered and jointed, the same vessel also being
provided with a pipe for carrying off the steam or vapour generated.
The furnace also to be provided with a chimney for carrying away the
smoke and gases, and a damper for regulating the same.
Thus formed,

page_text: on the furnace being charged with burning fuel and heated to a high
temperature, and a jet of water or spray being made to play up through
the inverted conical pipe, the heated gases from the fuel in combustion
come in contact with the spray in motion, and expands it into vapour,
and as it ascends, into steam at a high temperature and in a highly
expansive state in swift motion proportional to the initial force or
motion of the spray or jets and temperature of the furnace, causing it
to enter the pipe or vessel placed in line with and above the current.
The slanting or "louver board" annular or segmental shaped openings
may be formed with such a direction and degree of slant as to balance
the tendency of the spray in motion in a transition state into steam,
from flowing into the furnace through the slanted openings, and also
the tendency of the heated gases in the furnace from flowing into the
inverted conical pipe, or from being induced into the spray or steam,
in which case the spray from the water pipe would be converted into
steam without admixture of gases from the furnace, or the openings
through the conical or trumpet-shaped pipe into the furnace may be so
formed as will induce a portion or all the heated air and gases into the
spray or steam, forming thereby a highly expansive vapour for actuating
motive-power engines generally, in which case no part of the products
of combustion would escape, and there would be no necessity for a
chimney being formed; the water may be forced into the generator,
as described, in jets by the gravitation of an overhead column, or by
forcing pumps of any kind, which may have an air vessel attached to
make it play continuously, or by a Giffard's injector, or other similar
apparatus, and the higher the temperature the water can be forced into
the conical heating pipe so much the greater will be the power of the
heating pipe or generator to convert the water into vapour. Various
modifications can be made of this apparatus as a steam or vapour gene-
rator; the form of the jet or jets of fluid or spray may be circular,
oblong, or any other in section, and the heating pipe formed accurately,
widening out into the form and dimensions the current will assume
to preserve
the requisite or most economical pressure of steam or vapour,
and the "louver board" openings in the sides of the heating duct or
pipe or vessel may be formed by adjustible plates. Instead of the
furnace being formed as described and the water made to ascend it may
be made to descend vertically, or in a horizontal or any other direction
to suit circumstances. Instead also of the heating pipe or duct being
made sufficiently long to convert the spray into steam the heating process

page_text: may
be continued by the current being bent round and diverted through
two or more straight heating pipes, having their straight portions formed
on the same tapering form, and with similar openings for the access
of the heating gases from the furnace. For motive-power engines
intermittent in their action a reservoir of steam or vapour contained in a
vessel jointed to the generating conical pipe would be an advantage,
and may be furnished with a self-opening valve opening inwards. The
heating fuel may be of anything capable in a convenient way of pro-
ducing heat, coal, wood, petroleum oil, or common carburetted hydro-
gen gas; or the apparatus may be used for utilizing the waste gases from
iron smelting, puddling, or other furnaces, and the steam or vapour
generator may be used for generating steam or vapour to actuate any
description of steam engine now in use, as well as to be applied to the
description of steam engines to be hereafter described.
This said Invention under the second head or section consists in
various modes and arrangements of apparatus for directing the force of
steam or vapour from a steam boiler or vapour generator by a jet or
jets to actuate the piston or other equivalent noving parts of motive-
power engines, and to provide in combination therewith a return channel
for the steam or vapour which has passed through the engine back to
the eduction or entrance port of the jet or jets of steam from the steam
generator, and to connect the return channel for the exhaust steam.
or vapour to the pipe from the steam boiler or generator, so that that
part of it which remains in a state of vapour or spray and not condensed
into water by the abstraction of its heat or force by the engine shall
be induced by the jet or jets of steam or vapour from the boiler or
generator, and by its heat re-expanded and sent through the engine
again. The condensed water from the steain in the return channel
to be trapped and led into a reservoir or pipe to be sent in a hot state
by a pump injector or other means or apparatus back to the steam
boiler or vapour generator again to generate steam or vapour for the
engine. The steam or vapour or portion thereof having therefore to
pass several times through the engine before it is condensed into water,
the most suitable form of motive-power engine will be that which will
act with a large volume of steam or vapour at a low pressure.
One modification or means of carrying out the improvements under
the second head of this Invention consists in the impelled part or
mechanical motor which directly receives the force of the vapour being

page_text: in the form of an undershot or overshot water wheel enclosed in a case,
the axis by preference placed horizontally, having an annular induction
port jet piece for the steam or vapour from the boiler connected to
the rim of the case near to its top side, and an exhaust port placed
about a sixth part of the circumference of the wheel or motor through
which "arc channel" the vapour impinges and forces forward the
floats or vanes of the wheel or motor until it reaches the exhaust port.
The vanes of the rotatory wheel or motor may be curved in a radial
direction and formed the full breadth of the wheel, but do not require
to fit the case accurately, and the induction and exhaust ports for the
better guiding of the vapour to and from the vanes may have "louver
board" picces to direct its course. The exhaust and return channel
may be formed in the outer case and be made to serve as a jacket casing
for the case of the motor wheel, or be led round underneath the case in
a circular form and be connected or led close to the circulating inducing
space inside the annular steam jet from the boiler, the lower side of
the return channel being provided with a trap opening or openings for
the water from the condensed steam leading it to a reservoir or pipe
for the supply of the steam generator. On steam being admitted to
the annular space it issues through the annular nozzle in a jet and
is sent with great force on to the vanes of the motor wheel so as to give
it motion, and the exhaust steam or vapour passing round the return
channel is induced in along with the steam from the boiler at or in
the centre of the induction nozzle and jet, and the condensed water is
trapped" off to or for the supply of the steam or vapour generator.
The motion or force communicated to the spindle or axis of the motor
or vane wheel can be connected to any kind of gear or moving piece
for the utilization of the force.
· Various modifications of this description of engine may be made;
instead of one induction jet it may have two or more annular or
otherwise formed induction jets, and may have these so formed as to
give facility for reversing the current of vapour for reversing the motion
of the wheel; or the motion may be reversed by a separate wheel fixed
on the same axis. The vanes also may be variously curved or shaped,
and feathering action may be given to them with advantage. Turbines
generally are a very suitable form of engine for being actuated by this
mode of return currents of steam or vapour, from the current being
allowed to pass through them continuously with only a certain degree

page_text: of retardation in giving its force to the mechanical motor or wheel.
For example in an inward flow (Thompson's) turbine the annular jet
from the boiler can be directed into the motive wheel from its periphery,
and on issuing out from its centre so much of its volume as is not
expended in force and condensed into hot water be led to the annular
induction jet, and passed through the motive wheel again. In a like
way the current or jet from the boiler or generator may be directed to
the centre first, and form thereby an outward flow turbine, the return
current being directed from the periphery of the motive wheel is led to
be entered again at the centre. The water from the condensed steam to
be "trapped" from the turbine casing in either case for the supply of the
boilers as explained. In the same way this mode of utilizing the force
of steam may be applied to reaction turbines in the form known as
Whitelaw's water wheel, but in all these certain modifications have to
be made for the return currents, means of taking off the water from the
condensed steam, and for the proportioning the curve and size of vanes
to the density, speed, and large volume of vapour in motion to be dealt
with. Where great power and and slow angular motion is required in
the motive wheel large diameter will be necessary, and in such cases it
will be an advantage to have a large cylindrical or conical-shaped motor
or wheel with curved vanes fixed on its periphery, and the steam or
vapour from the boiler or generator directed along them by a corre-
sponding large annular jet, or number of small jets, and thence at the
other end of the motor directed back through another and an inner set of
vanės curved in an opposite direction, and as in other modifications so
much of the vapour as is not condensed into water to be induced and
sent through the first set of vanes and round again. The motion may
be reversed when required by setting the current through in a reverse
direction, or may be reversed by separate turbines fixed on the same
spindle, and having separate cases, and all necessary details. In like
manner this mode of utilizing the force of steam may be applied to
vanes, or to a succession of vanes fixed on an axis formed like the vanes
of a windmill, and their motion if necessary be reversed by reversing
the current. In using steam from a common steam boiler or generator
the steam and return steam or vapour before it reaches the motor of the
engine or turbine may be superheated and increased in volume in a
vessel or tapering channel or pipe, by the pipe being led through the
waste heated gases passing from the boiler flues to the chimney, or it
may be, heated and expanded by direct contact by a "louver board"

page_text: opening or openings on the principle of the generator explained under
the first head or section of this said Invention, where the gases are
induced in among the steam, and for gases not condensible into water
a waste pipe would be necessary for their partial escape. In another
form all the waste gases and heated air may be induced in along with
the steam into the engine or turbine, and after actuating the same
returned in a circular channel, having the concave side opens for contact
with the atmosphere for the absorption of oxygen or fresh air, and a
portion of this heated air or current thus returned sent through the
furnace of the boiler to support the combustion of the fuel, and the water
from the condensed vapour may be trapped off for the supply of the
boiler, and in some cases part of the return gases allowed to escape.
Whilst this return mode of utilizing the force of steam or vapour as
described can be wrought with advantage by steam or vapour generated
in any ordinary steam boiler. It is also intended to apply and use
the steam or vapour generator described under the first head or section
of this said Invention for generating the vapour to work these return
current engines or turbines. Where the generators are adapted to take
portion or all of the gases generated in the furnace along with the
steam a portion of the vapour can be returned and re-induced in along
with the vapour from the generator; or a portion can be sent round a
circular channel, with the concave side open to the atmosphere for the
purpose of restoring oxygen or fresh air to it by its absorption from the
atmosphere for the support of combustion in the furnace, whilst the
water from the condensed vapour, gravitating or sent to the bottom of
the return channel by its centrifugal force, is trapped off at this point
into a pipe or channel to be led or forced to the spray jet for feeding
the vapour generator. One injected impellant current and main channel
may in this manner, and by these improvements, be made to actuate
several engines or motors by separate ducts leading to each from the
main. This returned mode of utilizing the force of steam can be applied
with advantage to cylinder engines fitted with reciprocating pistons, and
in one form by connecting the two induction steam ports of the cylinder,
and having formed in them an annular space in the centre or at some
intermediate point in these passages, and having a tubular valve piece
.worked by an eccentric from the crank shaft, or by a "tappet" or other
suitable valve motion; the steam to be admitted from the boiler or
generator into the annular space in which this tubular valve is placed;
this valve is considerably tapered or conical at the ends, fitted accurately

page_text: The water from the condensed
to their respective end scats, and is made slightly shorter than the seat
in which it is placed, so that on being moved to one end which requires
only a very short traverse it opens a passage for the steam for forcing
by an annular jet the piston in one direction, while it establishes an
exhausting inducing action to exhaust out the steam or vapour from the
exhaust side of the piston, or what of it remains not condensed into
water in along with the steam sent by the annular jet into the foreing
side of the piston, and vice versa as the motion of the piston and con-
necting rod and crank goes round.
steam to be "trapped" into pipes or a reservoir in the port passages as
the exhaust steam issues, and the steam admitted into the cylinder to be
sufficiently small in quantity to allow of the engine abstracting in force
such a proportion of heat as will condense it to water. It will be readily
understood that many arrangements of slide and other forms of valves
commonly in use for steam engines will easily effect this action.
Besides being suitable for reciprocating crank engines a useful modi-
fication of this mode of utilizing the force of steam in this way will be
by long cylinders for working hoists and similar machines with the
valve wrought by hand for producing a single traverse of the piston
at a time.
Another improvement under the second head or section of this said
Invention consists in modes of or mechanism for working wheels and
turbines by steam and air combined, or mixtures of steam and gases
by direct single currents; the mechanism being similar to the wheels
and turbines described in connection with the second head or section
of the said Invention, but without the apparatus for causing and
regulating the return currents therein referred to. Where the steam
is generated by any common form of steam boiler all or portion of the
gases produced by the combustion of the fuel can be drawn through the
inducing passage of the steam injector, and thereby increase the volume
and force of the current, or the injector may be placed to induce in
cold air and force or draw all through the boiler furnace, or through a
separate heating furnace to mix with and induce the gases eliminated
by combustion so as to increase the volume and effective power and
driving action of the current to the wheels or turbines, the current
may be sent through a second turbine and more cold air induced. It is
also intended to use the steam or vapour generator described in the first
part of my Invention for generating the motor vapour for transmitting
force to these wheels or turbines.

page_text: Another improvement under the second head or section of this said
Invention consists of a mode of transmitting power to the forms of
rotating wheels and turbines described in connection with the second
head or section of this said Invention, by exhausting pure or atmospheric
air in through these turbines by the exhausting action of inducing
injectors, produced by the means and apparatus for generating and
directing currents described under the first and second heads or sections
of this said Invention. The construction of the motor wheels of the
turbines to be similar to those described, but requiring in some cases
no casing, the surrounding air by flowing inwards into the turbine
causing it to revolve; power may in this way be transmitted to great
distances in mines, factories, and warehouses, and at the same time the
abstraction of the air by the turbines tend to promote ventilation.
Another mode or means of applying the improvements under the
second head or section of this said Invention consists in actuating
motive-power engines by heating water and generating steam in a boiler
similar to the process of generating steam in an ordinary steam-engine
boiler, but instead of the steam being taken or led in pipes to expend
and transmit its force to a piston or any impelled equivalent, draw off
the water in the boiler to propel or actuate engines, returning the same
water again in a continuous stream, and propelling a wheel or turbine
as it passes along the pipe from the egress to the ingress openings or
orifices in the boiler. The wheels or turbines being similar to those
used generally as water-power engines, and somewhat similar to those
described in connection with the second head or section of this said
Invention. The steam being led off to an ijector on or at the ingress
end of the return water pipe at or near the bottom of the boiler to
induce and force back the water into the boiler, and by its action in
this way to maintain the continuity of the current.
In one modification of a motive-power engine for actuating a mechanical
motor analogous to an undershot water wheel enclosed in a case, and
to which the water pipes are connected in a suitable way for the impact
and egress of the water, a vertical dome-shaped boiler is used having an
internal fire-box and funnel at the one side for carrying off the smoke
and gases from the furnace in the ordinary way, and it is further fitted
with safety valve, water gauges, and pressure gauge, as steam boilers of
engines generally are. A water pipe of large dimensions for leading off
the water for the turbine is fitted into the top of the boiler descending

page_text: down below the water line in the boiler to nearly the top of the fire-box
and formed bell-mouthed shaped at the under end, opposite this is
another tube of similar dimensions descending down through the fire-box
beyond the bottom end of the boiler, at the bottom end of which is fitted
a valve opening inwards to the boiler and made self-closing by the
pressure of water in the boiler, to this is coupled an annular steam
water inducing injector, the central space of the injector for the passage
of the water being about the same diameter as the turbine water pipe,
the lower end or discharge end or port of the turbine case is coupled
to the water inducing connection of the steam injector by a bent pipe.
and the central outflow pipe descending from the top of the boiler
down below the water line, is coupled by another bent pipe to the
turbine, which establishes a continuous course, channel, or circuit for
the flow of the water through the turbine. For working the injector
a steam pipe is connected to the top of the boiler and the steam
branch pipe of the injector, and a starting flow-off pipe and cock
is connected to the water return pipe underneath the foot valve and
to the annular steam space in the inducing injector; to increase
the current by the flow of the water in the boiler an annular shell is
placed between the outer shell and the fire-box, so as to make the water
flow down through by the outer shell and ascend up by the fire-box end
in the direction which the turbine flow pipe current goes, the con-
struction of the boiler being generally such as to favor this action, thus
arranged and steam at a high pressure or tension formed in the boiler,
let the flow-off cock be opened so as to start the flow through the turbine
and clear the injector annular space and pipe of water, which done and
the cock suddenly closed, the force of the current in motion through the
turbine pipe starts open the foot. valve and the water partly reduced in
temperature by the abstraction of force in the turbine is again restored
by the stream of steam sent into it to nearly its former temperature and
forced back into the boiler, and the flow motion of the water maintained
through the turbine pipe and turbine, to the axis of which gear of any
kind may be connected. In this mode of utilizing the force of steam'
there will be little loss of water or heat, except what is utilized into force
by the turbine or wheel and what passes off in the waste gases of the
funnel; similar arrangements for working turbines can be made in
connection with Cornish and other forms of boilers.
Another mode or means of applying the improvements under the
second head or section of this said Invention consists in mechanism for

page_text: transmitting motion to water by a jet or jets of steam or steam injector,
and thence to water wheels or turbines, and to pistons or rams for
cylinders for such purposes as hoists and lifts.
One modification consists of an endless annular pipe or channel in
which is cast at one side and somewhat less in diameter a case to receive
a mechanical motor or wheel similar to an undershot water wheel, the
annular pipe entering into and out of this case in a circular and un-
broken course. Into this course or annular channel the water-wheel
formed motor, which is keyed on a spindle and placed in the case in
stuffing-box bushes so as to allow the floats or vanes to work in the
annular channel, accurate fitting not being necessary. Into this
annular channel, at any intermediate point between the induction and
eduction ports of the case, is placed an annular steam injector,
the central space being about as large as the sectional area of the
channel: coupled to this steam injector or steam water lifter is a
steam pipe from any ordinary steam boiler and connected also is a
cold water supply pipe and a feed pipe from the annular channel to
the boiler, as also a waste water pipe carried up above the channel to
give pressure of water in the channel. On the annular channel and
water wheel case being filled with water, and steam admitted to the
injector, the water is set in motion in the annular channel in an endless
and return stream, its centrifugal force drawing the water out of the
water wheel case all except the water that is caused to course round the
channel, and which the floats or vanes of the water wheel dip into, and
the motion of the water in the channel impinging on the vanes or floats
gives the water wheel motion; the waste water is carried up to such a
height as to balance the centrifugal force of the water in motion in the
annular channel, and the supply pipe made to admit sufficient water
to keep the temperature of the water in the annular case sufficiently
cool, a portion of the heated water to be taken away for feeding the
bciler, which portion escapes from the annular channel at a high
pressure caused by the centrifugal force of the water in the channel.
The escape pipe is coupled to the concave side of the annular channel or
to the wheel case, and the water escapes with little force; the quantity
escaping depending on the amount of heat converted into force from the
steam or water. Water wheels and turbines generally may be actuated
in this way, but water wheels as described act and apply in the most
simple way.

page_text: In
In another modification a steam injector is applied to force in water to
a cylinder to give motion to a simple ram like the ram of a Bramah
press, and on the water being allowed to flow out of the cylinder the
ram by its own gravity or by the action of a weight is caused to return
for a fresh stroke. This form of application is chiefly designed for
hoists or lifts, the water possessing a facility for regulation which the
elasticity of steam does not admit of. and the injector a facility for
quick action which is in any other way expensive to accomplish.
another way a small boiler water tank, with feeding gear for the boiler
fitted with regulating cocks, would complete the apparatus. The length
of lift could be increased by chain and pulley blocks or other equivalent
multiplying gear. Instead of a ram a piston may be used in the
cylinder, and the injector made to exhaust the water from the one side
of the piston and force it into the other. The water tank or cylinder
requires a supply of cold water to keep the temperature of the water
down, and the hot water can be used for feeding the boiler.
Another mode of carrying out the improvements under the second
head of this said Invention consists in mechanism and means for the
utilization of the force of air when in process of expansion by heat, and
the mechanism and means being similar to some of the apparatus
described under the first and second heads of this said Invention. \
current of air may be caused to flow up through a conical or trumpet-
shaped heater, as described in the first part of this said Invention, for
generating steam, and the central flow of air allowed to mix with or be
kept separate from the gases issuing from the furnace, and the force of
one or both made to actuate wheels or turbines, portion of the heated air
to be passed round again in a return current for the support of com-
bustion in the furnace, and may be exposed to the atmosphere in a
concave channel open on its concave side to the atmosphere for the
heated air to re-absorb oxygen afresh to render the air more fit for
the furnace. In these improvements the use of the injector and "louver
board" inducing principle or arrangements are adopted for utilizing of
the force of steam or vapour in the same way for maintaining the
currents in motors, as before described, under the first and second heads.
of this said Invention.
Another modification or means of carrying out the improvements
under the second head of this Invention consists in mechanism for
working the condensers of piston reciprocating steam engines in lieu of

page_text: the ordinary air pump, and consisting of a condensing vessel, into
which the exhaust steam from the engine is made to enter, and a thin
stream or jet of cold water made, by preference, to enter in a downward
vertical direction, the opening, oblong or broad, in one direction, and
thin or narrow in the other, to be regulated by an adjustable valve
opening inwards, and loaded by the tension of a strong spring or other
equivalent manner. In the bottom of the condensing vessel and
opposite to the top valve a corresponding valve is placed opening
outwards; this valve, by preference, to be of india-rubber, and of the
form known as "Perreaux's valve," and so placed that the jet or stream
of cold water entering under pressure and motion will play down
through the bottom valve. Underneath the condensing vessel is another
shallow vessel to contain a quantity of water around the foot valve to
act as a water lute, to keep it air-tight and to form a convenient con-
nection to carry off the condensing water. A double-acting forcing
pump or pumps wrought by the engine is provided, and the discharge
pipe, from which is connected to the jet valve chest on the condensing
vessel, so as to discharge through the jet adjustable valve at every stroke
of the engine and pump, an air vessel being provided on the forcing
discharge pipe of the pump to make the current in some degree con-
tinuous; this pump, if requisite, drawing the water from a well, as well
as forcing it into the condenser. Thus arranged, and the engine and
pump set in motion, a broad thin stream of cold water is sent with great
force into the loaded adjustable valve on the top of the condensing
vessel, and down through the condensing vessel out at the foot valve,
condensing the steam from the engine, and inducing with it through
the foot valve the condensed water and air produced by the condensation
of the steam.
Another improved mode, means, and apparatus for condensing the
exhaust steam and discharging the condensing and condensed water of
reciprocating engines, under the second head of this Invention, consists
in using and injecting salt water for condensation, and of retaining a
great part of the water condensed from the steam or vapour caused by
the contact of the steam and salt, water, free or nearly free from salt, to
serve for marine engines in lieu of surface condensers. The condenser
is similarly constructed and wrought to the modification last described.
with the thin broad stream of cold salt water forced down through it,
but having a wall piece or guard formed in the bottom of the condenser

page_text: above the discharge valve around the course of the injected stream or
jet of salt water, and rising up to about a fourth part of the height of
the condensing vessel to form a trap reservoir for the fresh water pro-
duced by condensation. The exhaust steam from the engine or engines
for condensation is admitted in this arrangement at the side of the
vessel, which when cylindrical has an annular or other shaped casing all
round of a series of plates perforated with small holes in zig-zag
position, so as to equalize the force of the steam in process of con-
densation as it advances and before it reaches the jet of water, and to
prevent the current of steam from striking or acting with two great
force at.any one point upon the stream of cold water. As in partial
vacuo the cold water jet in process of being heated will radiate from its
surface cold vapour to the steam in passing down through the con-
densing vessel; the distance and instant of condensation must be an
intermediate point between the annular perforated casing described and
the surface of the jet of water, and an eddying motion produced from
the vapour that proceeds from the cold water, and from the water being
in a state of swift motion downwards a downward direction will be
given to the vapour in process of condensation, which will fall into the
trap reservoir formed in the bottom of the condensing vessel. To
facilitate this action a series of plates are fixed, angularly placed and
slanting downward and, outward close to and all round the jet of salt
water, bevelled or slanting like "louver boards," so as to make the cold
vapour arising from the water meet with its swift motion the vapour in
process of condensation, and further assist the condensed water to settle
down in the trap reservoir, whilst the salt water injection stream from
the force of its motion plays down through the foot valve; the con-
densed fresh water being drawn from the reservoir by the feed pump for
the engine boiler.
Various modifications can be made of this mode and means of con-
densation, and the jet of water instead of passing downwards may be
forced in any direction, and may be passed over curved plates over the
top or sides of the condensing vessel in various ways, to facilitate the
condensation and deposition of the condensed fresh water from the salt
condensing water.
Another improvement under the second head of this said Invention
consists in a mode of applying motive power (such as herein-before
described under the first and second parts of this Invention) to or for

page_text: the purpose of propelling ships or vessels for locomotion on land, and for
the attainment of higher speeds of locomotive engines than has hereto-
fore been attained. For passenger traffic high speed is the chief object,
and lightness being essential to this end, a ship or vessel is formed as
light as is compatible with the strength necessary, and for the smaller
amount of weight to be carried by these improvements. The form of the
vessel is to be nearly a parallelogram in beam or cross section with a
hollow longitudinally channelled bottom, the length and breadth of beam
being great in proportion to the weight to be carried; with two keelsons
with the hollow channel between them, one at each side, and the depth
small. The bows presenting a very slanting surface and the stern
somewhat less so, to the water; when loaded the upper portion of the
longitudinal hollow channel referred to to be out of the water, and free
for the passage of air between portion of the bottom of the vessel and the
water, the sides or parts of the vessel near to and at the outside keilsons
being immersed to a considerable depth for buoyancy. The steam boiler,
boilers, or generators are fitted into the vessel of great "steaming" or
evaporating capacity, but of the lightest construction found suitable.
A boiler of the locomotive engine form, or a generator as described in
the first part of this said Invention, may be the most suitable and is
intended to be used, by preference, placed near the fore part of the vessel,
and from which the steam or vapour is conveyed to one or more large
steam injectors for inducing air in large quantity in and through them,
placed near the bows of the vessel, and down slanting into and entering
the air conduit at the "fore" part of the main channel below the centre
of the vessel. These steam injectors are preferred to be of the annular
form and construction, but other forms of steam jets described in the
second head or section of this said Invention may be employed. The
inducing ends of the injectors open outward in the direction of the
bows of the vessel, and have large conical or bell mouths to receive,
induce, and catch the air. Steam being admitted from the generator to
the injectors a large volumn of air mixed with steam is forced with
considerable speed into and along the hollow channel or course in the
bottom of the vessel, interposing between the bottom of the vessel and
the water, buoys or relieves the bottom surface from the friction of
the water, and the acting currents escaping with great force and volume
at the stern of the vessel, propels the vessel forward by its reaction.
The keilsons or bottom portions of the sides of the vessel and channel
remaining immersed prevents the air and steam current from escaping

page_text: at their sides, and a large quantity of cold air is induced into the
channel at the bows of the vessel which increases the volume and acting
current besides or in addition to what is drawn and forced into it by
the injectors, and this air will principally remain near the surface of
the water, and the heated air and steam risc and keep more to the upper
side of the channel and current. The vessel may be further propelled
by additional injectors placed on deck, large area or volumn both of
inlet at the bows and discharge at the stern of the vessel being necessary
to the success of this improved mode of propulsion. The motion of the
vessel may be reversed by having injectors placed and actuated in
Motion can be
reverse positions at the opposite end of the vessel.
given in a similar direct way by steam and air engines to locomotives
set on wheels placed on rails and on the ground for the attainment of
high speeds.
This Invention under the third head or section consists in improved.
mechanism and arrangements of the ports of reciprocating cyunder,
piston, steam, or fluid power engines, part of which mechanism and
arrangements are also suitable for measuring fluids. One principal
improvement under this head in its simplest form consists of a cylinder
and piston fitted with a strong piston rod continued into a guide for
steadying the rod. The piston is formed somewhat greater in length
than the length of the stroke of the engine, and the cylinder made
correspondingly long in proportion to give room for the piston and end
clearances. The piston may be packed with a ring or rings at or near
to each end, and the cylinder is fitted with covers and stuffing box much
in the usual manner. A strong lateral pin or arm about the same length
as that of the stroke of the engine is fitted into the piston rod; this
arm has formed on its end a spherical ball or knob and fitted upon it
a correspondingly shaped bush, which bush in turn is placed in a hole
or slot in a crank or disc, which is keyed or formed upon the revolving
shaft, usually termed the crank shaft of the engine. The inner surfacc
of this bush is correspondingly spherical and formed in halves to get
on to its scat; its outer surface may be round or square, but must have
room in the hole or slot in which it is placed for a slight play longi-
tudinally in the direction of the length of the crank shaft; the distance
from the centre of this bush to the centre of the crank shaft determining
the throw of the crank, and as usual double this length fixes or forms
the length of the stroke of the engine. The crank and crank shaft thus

page_text: coupled to the piston rod, it will be seen that on the piston being
traversed from the end of the cylinder, besides its longitudinal motion,
the arm fixed in the piston rod passing round with the crank bush and
disc will also impart to the piston a sectional, angular, or turning
reciprocating motion to the piston rod, and corresponding angular
turning or twisting motion between the surface of the long piston and
the internal surface of the cylinder. This sliding twisting motion of the
piston on the surface of the cylinder is made available for the opening
and closing of induction and eduction passages of the steam to and from
the cylinder. The steam passages being formed in the piston and
cylinder no steam slide or other regulating valves or motions are
required for this form of engine, which simplification is the main novelty
and object sought for. In one form of these engines one steam port and
two exhaust ports are placed near to the centre of the length of the
cylinder and in a parallel plane with the cover of the cylinder, their
distances apart and spaces being determined by the extent of twisting
motion given to the piston while they are short in the direction of the
length of the cylinder. Two longitudinal slots or passages are cut in
the piston in suitable positions the full length of the stroke, or nearly
so, opening out to the periphery of the piston, but bent inwards at the
ends where the packing rings of the piston are placed, one passing out
at each end of the piston, and so far in turn, being both steam and
exhaust passages alternately, their distance apart being such as will open
the steam passage and one exhaust passage at the same instant, and
when the piston traverses to the opposite port and end of the cylinder the
steam passage will be opened to it, and the exhaust correspondingly
opened to the other end. In this form of the steam passages there is
little "lap" required or manageable, and the steam is not wrought
expansively, but the motions and positions are suitable for small steam
engines, for donkey feed engines, and pumps for water, air, or gas, the
pumps of which may be wrought direct from the piston rod, and the
same description of passages wrought by the same twisting motion may
be used in the pumps for the induction and exhaust of the fluids, or
ordinary self-opening and closing valves used as may be desired. For
water meters the cylinders would be brass cased, and leather, rubber, or
other packings be used. Both for steam engines, pumps, and water
meters two cylinders may be combined together and connected with
separate discs or cranks set at right angles in many ways, or the
cylinders can be set at right angles and fixed to one crank motion.

page_text: For working steam expansively separate pairs of steam and exhaust
ports are necessary, and the steam passage in the periphery of the piston
instead of being cut nearly the full length longitudinally in the piston,
as already described and explained, is only cut one-third or one-half the
length of the stroke, according to the degree of "cut-off" required,
whilst the exhaust passages can be readily so formed and placed as to be
kept nearly full open for the most part of the stroke. The steam ports
may be made long in the cylinder as well as in the piston. It will
generally be an advantage to work these engines in a horizontal position,
and admit the steam on the under side of the cylinder, so as to allow
the position to lie on the ports and have the tendency to wear coun-
teracted by the pressure of steam in the ports tending to bear up its
weight. This form of engine is also suitable for working by the improved.
mode of utilizing the force of steam by returning the exhaust steam to
the forcing side of the piston, described under the second head or section
of this said Invention, the inducing jets or injectors by preference being
placed in the piston, and the passages formed to suit and be regulated
by being in part passed through the cylinder, while the condensed water
can be taken through the piston rod to the feed pump. In applying
these improvements under the third head to marine engines, high and
low pressure cylinders can be coupled on one piston rod, or the guide
end of the rod can be made available for actuating an air pump or a
forcing pump direct to it.
In coupling two engines at right angles the
centre of the piston rod of one of the cylinders could be formed like a
crank, and the other cylinder fitted with a straight arm, and both coupled
by bushes on to one crank by a crank pin piece.
Another improvement under this third head is for the regulation
of governing the speed of fluid pressure motive-power engines, and
consists in the use of various equivalent forms of small sectional turbine-
formed wheels or discs, or pendulous valve pieces with a slanting
opening or openings of a "louver board" or other equivalent shape
balanced by a spring or by a weighted lever, or in the manner of a
pendulum against the power or "speed flow" of. the actuating fluid
passing through the openings in the piece fitted within the egress pipe,
the openings being reduced in size, or so formed as to contract the
openings or shut off the flow of the fluid current when the speed of the
current gets in excess of its normal motion, and so regulate the speed
of the engines; the centre of oscillation and gravity of the balance

page_text: weight or pendulum may be made to vary by the pressure of the fluid
or steam; the flow of the current in the ingress pipe acting both as a
throttle valve and governor and without being connected by mechanical
gear to the engine. This regulator is enclosed in a case forming part of
the steam or fluid ingress pipe, and will be suitable for marine and other
engines. The weight of the regulating piece or valve may be made to
act simply as a balance weight against the pressure of the current, or
be made to act or beat time as a pendulum by the current being made to
act like an escapement wheel, in which latter form it may be used for
approximately measuring fluids, the pendulum being connected to
indices to register quantities in the usual manner.
The last improvement under this third head is for raising or reducing
the speed of motive engines when the speed required is higher or lower
than what is convenient in these improved or other motive-power engines,
and consists in employing friction wheels on or at the first motion or
crank shaft having the periphery of one of the large ones covered with
leather or such "belting" substance placed in a groove, annular recess,
or seat, one end of the strap being made fast, by preference, into a mortice
and then stretched right round in the direction of motion and strain to
the other end, which is drawn through a transverse slot or slots when
various widths and lengths of stripes are used in the periphery of the
wheel and close to where the first end is fastened, when one strap fills
or completes the circumference, and means taken by a roller or other
"tauting" apparatus to draw up the strap on the inside of the slot, as
the leather or other equivalent strap used stretches in the direction of
the force transmitted, being made to tend or tighten up the strap. The
wheel with which it gears by preference having a plain metallic surface
without leather or other such tensile substance, the leather or other
tensile strap on the one wheel, as explained, gearing with the periphery
of a plain surface wheel in the other by "stiff" rolling or frictional
contact. A convenient arrangement for drawing the wheels in and out
of contact to act as a clutch, and for maintaining the requisite frictional
contact between the wheel surface is obtained by placing an adjustible
eccentric bush in the eye of the driving or driven wheel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ROBERTSON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Robertson, Her special licence
that I, the said James Robertson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Robertson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term-
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MODES OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE MEANS
APPARATUS. OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PART OF SUCH APPARATUS OB
MECHANISM BRING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MEASURING OF FLUIDS,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that. I, the said James Robertson, my exe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Robertson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying thirteen Sheets of Drawings, and to the several figures, letters,
and numerals marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention under the first head or section consists mainly
and generally in new or improved modes of generating and heating, or

page_text: producing fluid currents for actuating motive-power engines generally,
and under the second head or section my Invention consists in new
or improved modes of transmitting motive power to, in, and through,
or by mechanism or engines constructed so as to have one actuating
fluid of each motor introduced, forced, or injected in the form of a jet
or stream through an annular nozzle or other conduit made so as to
draw another or second fluid or fluids into and through the main duct,
or it may be the partially spent currents of the same actuating fluid
or fluids which have first passed through the motor as the actuating
body, but which have still some force, heat, or other property left which
it is or may be desirable and profitable to utilize, either alone or along
with the said secondary induced fluids or any desired proportion of these
and the partially spent or return currents, and in the directing and
applying such combined or compound currents all so as to actuate the
motive-power engine or mechanism by the force and expansion of such
combined fluid currents (whether liquids, as water, or the more elastic
gaseous fluids, such as air, steam, or the gaseous products of combustion,
are employed separately or jointly), in each or cither of these cases,
and whether applied to rectilineal, reciprocating, or rotatory classes of
mechanical motors or engines, whether the initial or secondary currents
are produced in generators of the ordinary construction or by the new
or improved modes and means of generating steam under the first head
or section of my said Invention, and under the third head or section
my said Invention consists mainly in new or improved modes of
regulating the flow of the actuating or measured fluids to and from the
cylinders of reciprocating motive-power engines, fiuid meters, or
measuring machines by forming the ports in and through the working
surfaces of the cylinder and piston so as to form also the induction or
eduction valve or valves (with or without inducing action or positively
spent currents) and their fluid-tight working surfaces, and by giving
the piston an oscillatory motion on its axis in the well known and
proper sequential time and relative position to suit that of its own
longitudinal reciprocatory motion instead of the separate slide and other
valves usually employed for the like purposes. The parts of my said
Invention under all of these heads or sections are susceptible of very
many modifications and adaptations to suit the particular fluids and
mechanical construction of force, generating and transmitting apparatus
or engine, and the purposes for which these are to be applied, all of
which improvements forming this my said Invention make motive-

page_text: power mechanism or engines constructed in accordance therewith
more simple both in their construction and action, all so as to be
produced and maintained thereafter in action at a less cost or more
economically respectively and generally than they have been as hereto-
fore constructed.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood I shall now proceed to describe
the several Figures on the said thirteen explanatory Sheets of Drawings,
all substantially constructed in accordance with and illustrative of the
best modifications and arrangements for practically performing or
carrying the several improvements contained in my said Invention into
effect or practice, which I am at present aware of, and which I have
hereunto appended for that purpose, reference being had to these several
figures and respective letters and numerals marked thereon which so
far as possible are made to represent the same and equivalent or like
parts in all the Figures.
The improvements under the first head or section of my said Invention,
which are illustrative of and herein-after described in reference to the
various Figures on Sheets 1, 2, 3, of the Drawings, consist substantially
of a mode or modes of generating a current of steam, vapour, or gases so
as to actuate motive-power engines, by which the water or other fluid to
be used or acted upon is for the most part heated by direct contact
with the fuel in a state of combustion, or by the heated gases climinated
therefrom, instead of the heat being transmitted through plates to the
water or fluid to be heated, as is done in generating steam in a common
boiler and steam generators heretofore. The water or fluid to be heated
in this new manner is kept from mixing with fuel by being in a state
of motion, and by having in the duct or channel for the passage of the
fluid an opening or openings for the flame or heated gases at a high
temperature to pass through and act on the fluid so as to convert it into
steam or vapour, or to rarify, expand, and increase it in volume, and
thereby accelerate its motion and increase its force. The fluid to be
heated and expanded into steam or vapour is set in motion in the form
of a jet or jets by the gravitation of an overhead column, or by forcing
pumps of any kind, which may have an air vessel attached to make the
jet or jets attached play continuously, or by a Giffard's injector or other
similar apparatus. The efficiency of this new mode of generating steam
or vapour will also be greatly increased by having the water to be acted

page_text: upon at as high a temperature as possible before it is introduced into the
heating furnace; and one convenient mode of heating the water and
obtaining the necessary pressure which I prefer to employ is the use of a
small steam boiler of any ordinary form used for steam engines inter-
posed between the forcing apparatus for the feed water and the
generator, the pressure, motion, or initial force by which the fluid is
made to enter and pass into the heating duct or channel mainly deter-
mining the pressure or force at which the steam or motive fluid is ejected
from the heating pipe.
Referring to Sheet 1, Figures 1 to 24 show sections and elevations of
various modifications of the most suitable forms of the heating channels
for the conversion of the liquid into vapour or water into steam, which is
mixed with the gases from the furnace, and the form of channels and
their nozzles and jets therein shown as intended to act on water only,
and afterwards as I proceed I shall describe the forms of the furnaces
and the position of the heating channels in them. In all the Figures
illustrating these motive fluid generators and throughout all the Draw-
ings hereunto appended, I make black arrows indicate the course of
water currents, blue arrows to indicate that of steam or motive fluid, red
arrows that of the flame or heated products of combustion or gases, and
yellow arrows that of the currents of cold air, where such currents pass,
occur, or are generated, whilst I make darts of these several colours
respectively to indicate the course of return currents of the same kind.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 an external elevation of
a trumpet-shaped heating channel D and small cylindrical jet pipe A,
with a jet of water the current of which is indicated by the black arrows
as being made to enter the jet pipe A at a high pressure, and play in a
small cylindrical jet through the correspondingly shaped nozzle A' across
the space B, B', and through the trumpet-shaped heating channel D, as
indicated by the blue arrows. The jet of water in the space B, B', being
exposed, as herein-after described in reference to the general arrange-
ment of generators shown on Sheets 2 and 3, to the heated gases of a
furnace at a high temperature becomes heated and expanded into steam,
and induces or draws in with it into the channel D the heated gases,
which further expand the combined volume of steam and gases and
accelerates its speed or force and pressure. The heating channel D is
shown as broken off in these Figures, but is continued in the general
arrangements just referred to, and to be herein-after described, when

page_text: placed in a furnace for generating and conveying the motive fluid to impel
motive engines. The diameter or volume of the nozzle and jet A¹
required depends on the pressure and temperature at which it is admitted
and supplied through the pipe A, and the temperature of the furnace
for its power of converting it into steam, and the distance B, B', fixed
between the throat D' or nearest part of the heating channel D depends
on the heating power of the furnace to convert the water into steam,
and the solidity and speed at which the pressure makes the jet to play
across that distance or through the heating channel D. The diameter of
the throat D' should be as small as will allow a sufficient quantity of
the heated gases to pass through it to convert the water into vapour, and
the continuation of the channel D is made to widen out as shown, more or
less as the pressure or force of the motive fluid may be required.
The proportions shown in the Drawings, from Figures 1 to 15, are
suitable generally for generating steam or vapour at low pressures as
for actuating motors or turbines such as herein-after described; smaller
diameters being necessary as higher pressures of vapour are required.
These requirements of proportion are more or less applicable to all the
other forms of jets and heating channels shown in the several Figures,
and I shall therefore in further describing them refer chiefly to their
forms and the direction the currents are made to pass through them.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 an external clevation of
a heating channel and jet pipe; the jet pipe A and the jet nozzle A' being
similar to that shown in Figure 1. The heating channel D is shown
composed in this case of four pieces of tube, the throat picce D' being
Sinaller in external diameter than the internal diameter of the succeeding
tube D, so as to enter into it a short distance and leave an annular
space between the outer and inner circumference or surface of the two
tubes, and in like manner as shown in the Drawings, the same relative
positions and sizes are maintained between the successive pieces D², D³,
and D', so as to leave an annular opening at the end of each piece, as
seen in the section Figure 3. On the jet of water being made to play
through the channel D, as indicated by the black arrows, the heated
gases will not only be induced or drawn in at the mouth of the
throat D', (as shown and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2,) but
at each successive annular opening referred to between the adjacent
pieces D1, D2, D3, and D', as indicated by the red arrows, and further
expand and accelerate the motion of the steam as it passes along the

page_text: channel D. The relative positions of the several pieces of tube com-
posing the heating channel D are maintained by being fixed in the
bracket c, which is adapted by the sole piece c to be fixed inside a
furnace.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation, Figure 6 an external elevation,
Figure 7 a plan, and Figure 8 a sectional plan through a, b, of a
heating channel D composed of one casting, and with a series of
slanting openings d leading from its outer to its inner surface. The
form and angle of these openings in a cross section is shown in the
sectional plan Figure 8, and the whole of the outer surface of this form
of heating channel from the flange D to its lower extremity is to be
exposed to the heated gases of a furnace; and on water at a pressure
being made to pass through the pipe A, and thence upwards, as indicated
by the black arrows, the heated gases from the furnace are induced or
drawn in at or by the openings d, as indicated by the red arrows, and
convert the water into steam, escaping at the top, as indicated by the
blue arrows.
This heating channel is provided with a flange D" for con-
necting pipes to lead the steam or vapour away to actuate motive-
power engines.
For regulating or contracting the jet orifice A' a cylindrical brass
regulating conical tap or regulator C is shown in section in Figure 5,
which has suitable snugs formed upon it for bolting to corresponding
snugs formed on the heating channel D, seen in Figure 6 at e
This
regulator has a branch f formed upon it, to which the water pipe A is
connected, and admits the water to the chamber f' of the regulator C,
which is provided with a sliding key, plug, or tap piece C', working out
through the stuffing box C"; the upper extremity of this tap piece is
made acutely conical, similar to the regulator of a Giffard's injector,
and fits and works into the small opening A', so as to close it entirely, or
by withdrawing the tap to leave it wholly or partially open, so as to
regulate the volume of the jet or quantity of water passing out through
the nozzle A' to be converted into steam. The lower end of the tap
régulator C is shown connected to a regulating lever C wrought on
the fulcrum C³, which can either be regulated by hand or connected
by the jointed end C to any ordinary governor of a steam engine, so
as to regulate the quantity of water and by it the quantity of steam
required. The form of the tap and opening of this regulator C will be
better seen by the enlarged sectional elevation of it shown in Figure 25.

page_text: This form of heating channel D instead of being cast in one piece, as
described in reference to Figures 5 to 8, may be composed of a series of
separate conical castings, so as to give it a similar form.
Figure 9 is a sectional side elevation, Figure 10 a front elevation,
and Figure 11 an end view of a heating channel D provided with a
water pipe A and jet orifice A' in the form of a very narrow slit of the
length, as shown, nearly the breadth of the external aperture or surface
of the heating channel, so as to give a jet in the form of a thin sheet
of water. The heating channel in this case is composed of two rows of
transverse tapering plates D', D2, D3, D', D³, D, and D', on one side of
the jet space, and a corresponding series of plates on the other side of
the jet d', d, d³, d', d³, do, and d; these plates overlap each other,
and spaces are left between them at the under side of each for the heated
gases entering between them, as indicated by the red arrows. These
plates D' to D' and d¹ to have flanges cast upon them at their ends
and are bolted to the side plates D and D; the discharge end has bolted
to it a trumpet-shaped pipe E with an oblong mouth, shown as broken
off, which completes the heating channel. On water being forced
through the pipe A, as indicated by the black arrow, at a high pressure, a
thin sheet or film of water or spray will be ejected up through the space
between the plates composing the heating channel D, and when placed
in a furnace it will induce the heated gases in at the openings between
the plates, as indicated by and at the red arrows, and the steam or
vapour which is ejected through the pipe E, as indicated by the blue
arrows, can be led away to actuate a steam or motive-power engine.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 13 is a partial transverse
section through or on the line a, b, in Figure 12, of another form of the
heating channel. In this case the water pipe A is formed with a small.
cylindrical jet nozzle similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the
space or length of the heating channel D, on the concave and under
side is exposed in a furnace to the action of the heated gases, the heating
channel as will be seen in Figure 12, and is thereafter narrowed into
a throat at D' and continued on in an expanding pipe to carry off the
vapour.
Figure 13 shows the cross section of the heating channel D where
it is open as from B, B', on the under side and formed in the shape of
an inverted U (n) with small rone" or gutter channels formed at
each side of the under edges. On water being made to pass through

page_text: the pipe A as indicated by the black arrows, the nozzle A' is placed to
play into the concave side of the heating channel D, and causes it to
spread and allow of the heating action of the gases to act on a less dense
body of water than is presented in the cylindrical jet so as to be
converted into vapour more readily, although with a somewhat
diminished force owing to the retardation by friction on the sides of the
channel, the passage of the heat, gases, and vapour being indicated by
the red and blue arrows.
Figure 14 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 15, an external elevation
of a jet pipe A and heating channel D, in which the nozzle A' is entered
into the bell mouth of the heating channel D, otherwise the form of
the pipe A, nozzle and heating pipe D is similar to that described in
connection with Figures 1 and 2. In the arrangement shown in
Figures 14 and 15 the jet is not directly latterally exposed to the heated
gases of the furnace, but the gases are induced or drawn in at the bell
mouth of the heating channel D" and with water form a boiler at a very
high pressure, when it expands with a little accession of heat from the
gases into steam and has a great tendency to spread, this arrangement
with a high temperature in the furnace is suitable, the current of the
water, heated gases, and vapour is indicated by the black, red, and blue
arrows.
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation, Figure 17 an external elevation,
and Figure 18 a plan of a heating channel and water pipe with an
annular nozzle, the access or induction current of the heated gases also
to the water as in the form just described only being at the end of the
heating channel D as indicated by the red arrow, and is suitable also for
water at a very high pressure, and with the furnace gases also at high
temperatures. The water is passed through pipe A into the annular
space A3 of the nozzle piece A2, and issues with great force in a thin film
at the annular nozzle A' as indicated by the black arrows inducing in the
heated gases, and the steam generated therefrom mixing with the gases
is ejected through the heating channel D as indicated by the blue arrows.
Figure 19 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 20 an external plan of
the upper part of a furnace in which a forcing jet or nozzle A of the
same form as that described in connection with Figures 16 to 18 is used,
the space into which the water is forced and annular nozzles being seen
in Figure 19, and the branch pipe A seen in Figure 20, the direction of
the water current being indicated by the black arrows. The heating

page_text: channel D is shown passed through the side of the furnace and provided
with a central core piece d" to narrow the throat D', and allow the
steam and gases to take the direct course from the issuing of the annular
jet of water from the nozzle A'. The heated gases are by the curved
branch pipe i led at both ends from the top of the furnace into the
central branch i' to which the water nozzle piece A is fixed, and the
induced in through the pipe i, i, and down through the space in the
centre of the nozzle A³, and thereby made to play with the water into
the mouth of the heating channel D, the course of the heated gases
being as indicated by the blue arrows, and the steam or vapour being
cjected through the channel D as indicated by the blue arrows.
gases
Figure 21 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 22 an external elevation
of a jet pipe A and heating channel D, which is adapted to convert the
water into steam by the exposure of the jet to the heated gases of a
furnace in the space B, B', between the jet nozzle A' and the throat D'
of the heating channel, without inducing the gases from the furnace
along with it or as small a portion thereof as may be found practicable.
For this purpose the throat or narrowest part D' of the heating channel
D, forming the mouth of the channel, is made sharp at the edges, and
tends to divert the heating gases aside instead of inducing them in along
with the water, and the steam generated in the space B, B', as described
in connection with Figures 1 and 2, the course of the currents of water
and steam being indicated as before named by the black arrows and
blue arrows.
Figure 23 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 24 an external elevation
of a heating channel, adapted for being placed in a furnace substantially
as described in connection with Figures 5 and 6, but with openings
adapted for the water jet to play up through it so as to receive or absorb
the heat, without inducing the heated gases, or as small a portion of the
gases as possible, so as to obtain pure steam or steam approximately
pure. For this purpose the small openings d, d, d, at the foot, where
the water will give off very little vapour, are slanted in a downward or
backward direction into the inside of the heating channel D, and the
direction of these openings as they approach the top of the channel are
gradually changed until as shown they are slanted in an upward
direction, but sufficient only to prevent the vapour passing outwards
through these openings, otherwise the form of this heating channel is
similar to that described in connection with Figures 5 and 6, and

page_text: although these various forms of heating channels D have been described
and shown as constructed of iron, they may be constructed of any other
suitable material which would stand the heat, as fire-clay.
Figure 25 is a side elevation, partly in section, and Figure 26 a plan
of a regulator for regulating the quantity or volume of water to be passed
up through these heating channels, similar to that described in con-
nection with Figures 5 and 6. This enlarged view of the regulator is
chicfly given to show an apparatus for disintegrating or breaking up
the jet of water passing up from the nozzle A' into spray, so as to allow
the heated gases to act on it with more heating effect, and consists in
placing sharp pointed needles or breakers in a conical or other holder j¹
a short distance above the nozzle A¹, there being six of these needles or
breakers shown partially entering the current, seen more distinctly in
Figure 26, and the jet striking these in swift motion is effectually broken
up into spray. The needle holder j is fixed on a sliding bar j" which
is adjusted in a slot in the regulator and fixed by a set pin.
Figure 27 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 28 a plan of a similar
jet regulator, the only difference of this regulator from that shown by
Figures 25 and 26 consists in the nozzle A', which instead of being
circular is star shaped, and the sliding tap or key C' correspondingly
shaped as seen in Figure 28, so as to cause the water jet to pass out
Inainly in thin films.
Figure 29 is a side elevation; Figure 30 an edge elevation both partly
in section, and Figure 31 a plan of a similar water jet regulator for the
like purpose, the only difference from that described in reference to
Figures 27 and 28 being in the form of the jet nozzle A' which is oblong
and the point of the tap regulator wedge shaped, so as to cause the
water jet to pass out in a thin film; the object of these different
modifications of the nozzles is to present the jets in as an attenuated
form as possible so as to be more susceptible to the heating action of
the furnace.
Figure 32 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 33 a sectional plan on
Sheet 2 of my Drawings, showing a form of furnace somewhat resembling
the ordinary reverberatory furnace for burning fuel and heating the
air and gases in the furnace to a high temperature to act on jets or
currents of water so as to convert them in their passage through the
furnace into steam combined with gases produced by the air and com-
bustion of the fuel, all in accordance with one modification under this

page_text: first head or section of my said Invention. The form of heating channel
is similar to that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2 on.
Sheet 1 of my Drawings as shown and described in reference thereto.
One water pipe A conveys the water to three jet nozzles A' through;
the cross branch pipe A as indicated by the black arrows, the jets
being made to play across the space or distance B, B', in the furnace
into the three heating channels D, which converge into one channel
or pipe E for conveying the vapour to a motive-power engine, the.
course of the vapour currents being as indicated by the blue arrows,
the red arrows showing the heated gases entering the heating channels.
In this arrangement the furnace is constructed of brick and provided:
with a furnace mouth and doors G, set of furnace bars G', flame
bridge G, chimney G³, and is of the most simple description, but
almost any form of furnace that will consume fuel and heat the gases
economically is also suitable. The chimney G₁ is provided with a,
damper G', which after the furnace is heated and the water made to
play across the furnace (Figure 33) is shut or partially so, so as to
allow the water jets to induce, draw in, or force a portion or all of the
waste heated gases from the furnace as a motive fluid, and thereby
utilize all or nearly all of the heat from the fuel.
Figure 34 is a plan, Figure 35 a front sectional elevation, and Figure 36
a side elevation of a furnace adapted for generating vapour in a heating
channel of the construction described in connection with Figures 5 to 8
on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, the course of the currents of water, heated
gases, and vapour being indicated by the arrows. The furnace is of a
square vertical form composed of brick fitted with a furnace mouth G,
set of fire-bars G' covered in on the top by the plate H, on which the
heating channel D is suspended by the flange D and having a funnel G*.
also fixed on the plate H which is fitted with a damper G*. The
management and action of this furnace is very similar to that just
described in connection with Figures 32 and 33; the vapour generated
is led away from the heating channel D by the pipe E jointed to its
upper flange D³ to any suitable motive-power engine.
Figure 37 is a sectional, elevation, and Figure 38 a plan partly shown.
in section through the line a, b, Figure 37, of a motive fluid generator
in which the form of the heating channel D is similar to that described
in connection with Figures 3 and 4 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings;:.
and the furnace proper is composed of a cylindrical sheet of boiler

page_text: plate I egg-shaped at the top fitted with a furnace door G set of fire-
bars G', funnel G³, and damper G. The water to be converted into
steam or vapour is admitted by the pipe A under pressure into the
chamber A3, and from thence it passes into the coil pipe A" which is
led up near to and opposite the heating channel D, and terminated
in a suitable nozzle A'. The use of the coil pipe A" is to impart a
portion of the heat of the furnace to the water before it reaches the
nozzle A'. The vessel A which has its top end on a level with the
jet nozzle A', is adapted to contain a quantity of water for the purpose
of keeping the coil pipe A" always full of water, and prevent its
becoming injured by the great heat of the furnace when the water is
shut off from the main supply at the pipe A, a cock A³ is provided
for shutting off or regulating the water from the vessel or tank A
into or entering the coil pipe A". The course and action of the currents
of water, heated gases, and vapour are as indicated by the arrows, and
the action and arrangement of this furnace and the heater D is otherwise
similar to that just described (and in reference to Figures 3 and 4).
Figure 39 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 40 a sectional plan
through the line a, b, in Figure 39, of a furnace for generating vapour
by heat from the combustion of carburetted hydrogen (common) gas,
or any suitable combustible gas; the furnace is constructed of cast-iron
cylinders I, lined as shown by fire-brick and fitted with a top plate H;
a heating channel D is shown applied of the same form as that described
in connection with Figures 5 and 6, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings,
suspended by the flange D from the top plate H. The inflammable
gas is admitted by the pipe J¹ which is a continuation of the coil pipe J
outwards. The coil pipe J is provided with a series of jet burners J
throughout its length, similar to the common illuminating gas burner,
as indicated, affixed in the coil pipe J. On gas being admitted to the
coil and ignited at the burners J it heats the furnace in lieu of coal or
other fuel. A small funnel G³ provides an outlet for the waste gases
when the water jet is shut off and damper G' for closing or partially
closing the outlet of the waste gases when the furnace is in action; a
somewhat similar arrangement can be made to generate steam or vapour
in this way by the use of petroleum oil as fuel instead of the gas.
Figure 41 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings is a sectional elevation of an
"iron puddling furnace" with a series of jet-heating channels shown
affixed or arranged and applied in the main chimney G³ for carrying off

page_text: the waste heated gases therefrom; Figure 42 is a sectional plan of the
chimney showing a horizontal section of one of this modification of heat-
ing channels A, A', and D, seen in sectional elevation in Figure 41. The
form of the water jet pipe A, nozzle A', and heating channel D used in
this modification is similar to that described in connection with Figures 1
and 2 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, nine sets of these being ranged or
placed successively over each other in the main chimney G; the whole
nine jets A of the set being supplied from or by one common water
pipe A leading into them placed opposite to the mouths D" of the nine
channels D which are jointed into one common steam or motive vapour
pipe E which is led down to the motor desired. The jets of water thus
being made to play across the space of the chimney B, B', are highly
heated in their course, and induce or draw and force in the heated gases
from the furnace and chimney K into the heaters D, and with them
convert the whole into an elastic motive-power vapour, the course of
these fluid currents being indicated (as in the other modifications) by
the black, red, and blue arrows respectively. In this way, by these my
said improvements, the waste heat from puddling and other furnaces can
be utilized most economically for producing a motive-power fluid.
Figure 43 is a side elevation, and Figure 44 a plan of a furnace and
vapour generating apparatus, designed chiefly for supplying motive
vapour or steam to engines which are intermittent in their action. In
this modification the outer shell I of the furnace is cylindrical, con-
structed of boiler plate lined with fire-brick. having two furnace mouths
or doors G. set of furnace bars G', and a chimney G, and damper G'.
On the top of this furnace is placed the vessel F, to the under side of
which is bolted the heating channel D, inside the vessel F and opposite
the heating channel D is bolted the trumpet-shaped pipe E fitted with
the conical valve f, the regulating rod f' of which works out through
the stuffing box f, the weight of these parts when necessary being borne
up or balanced by the lever " (to which the valve rod is coupled) and
balance weight ""; the heating channel D in this case is similar to
that described in connection with Figures 5 and 6, on Sheet 1 of my
Drawings. On fuel being placed in the furnace and kept in a state of
combustion, and the whole heated to a high temperature, a jet of water
is made to play up the heating channel D and into the trumpet pipe E;
the force of the current raises the valve f, and filling the vessel F passes
out to the motive-power engine by the pipe F¹. If the engine is

page_text: intermittent in its action like a cylinder reciprocating piston steam
engine the large volume of vapour in the vessel F compensates for the
irregularity of the current outwards by receiving into itself the steady
current from the heating channel D. A pipe and cock is provided
for carrying away the condensed water and impurities from the furnace
that deposit "sediment" in the vessel F, and serves also to maintain
regularity of the current from the heating channel D, and as explained
serves to take away the granular impurities from the vapour passing
through the vessel F; the currents of the several fluids being indicated
by the black and coloured arrows respectively, as in the other modifi-
cations. To force a current of air into the furnace to support the
combustion with closed furnace doors an annular injector a is provided
fixed underneath the fire or grate hearth G' to induce and force in cold
air by a jet of steam led from the vessel F by the cock n' and pipe a²;
the form of this jet ejector being similar to that described and shown in
reference to Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings; the damper
and furnace doors when this arrangement is used are closed.
Figure 45 is a sectional elevation, Figure 46 a sectional plan through
the line b. in Figure 45, and Figure 47 is an external end clevation
of a heating furnace for a series of small jet nozzles and heating
chambers, the jet nozzles A' being formed or fitted in the upper side of
the closed vessel A; and the heating and receiving channels Dare
formed in the under side of the vessel F placed as shown, with its under
side "flush with the inside of the top surface of the furnace. These
jet nozzles A', A', are formed similar to that described in reference to
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, but made very short and
small so as to cause each jet to require but little heat to convert it into
steam or vapour. The pipe A leads forward the water to the vessel A*,
from which all the jets issue upwards into and through the small heating
channels D. D. D. into the vessel F; and if the temperature of the
furnace is too low to convert all the jets into vapour, also discharges or
carries a portion in the form of water along with the vapour into the
vessel F. The vapour is caused to issue from the pipe F', and the
water not converted into vapour is led back by the hollow "rone"
ducts b. b. b. b, between the small heating channels D into the main
rone" duct b', and caused to issue out at the pipe b, seen in dotted
lines, and all as seen in the plan in Figure 46, and from whence the
water is again passed through the pumps or other forcing apparatus

page_text: employed through the forcing entrance pipe A again. In this way cold
water on starting can be made to pass through the furnace several times
until it gets to the boiling point, in which state it is sent round in jets
continuously, and only such a quantity of cold water supplied as is
evaporated and made to escape in an elastic current through the pipe F'.
This mode or principle of returning the liquid current is more or less
applicable to all the forms of heating channels described. The furnace
of itself and mode of working it is similar to that described in connection
with Figures 32 and 33 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings, and has an air
forcing pipe jointed underneath the fire-bar (though this is not shown in
the Figures) for working with closed furnace doors. The air may be
induced or forced by a jet of steam or by any suitable means to increase
the intensity of combustion and current of heated gases and motive
vapour.
Figure 48 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 49 an external elevation
of a vertical cylindrical dome-shaped boiler, Figure 49 being shown
at right angles to Figure 48. The boiler I is of the ordinary internal
fire-box dome-shaped form, constructed of boiler plate, having a
cross tube I' inside the fire-box 1. The Drawing will otherwise
explain the general construction of the boiler I sufficiently. The boiler
is fitted with safety valve and all the other ordinary mountings or
fittings, and is filled with water up to the usual water level, and shown
at H. A cock A and jet nozzle A' is fitted inside the cross tube 1',
which is wrought by the rod C"; opposite this jet nozzle the heating
channel D is placed vertically inside the steam space of the boiler 1, with
its throat D' set and opening through the top of the fire-box, and having
its upper end passed through the opening K in the crown of the boiler,
and formed conical on its top end surface d, the opening K bing wider
than the external diameter of the channel D to allow the steam to pass
freely, the channel D being secured in its position by the arms c. A
vessel is mounted on the top of the boiler I, and fitted with a safety
valve L', on the top of which vessel L a stuffing box piece M is fitted
with packing collar M', through which an adjustable pipe piece D works
by the regulating hand gearing N, N', and N. This pipe piece D' has its
lower end made conically to fit the top end of the heating channel D.
and is controlled by the hand joint lever N either by the hand or by the
governor of a motive-power engine. On steam being raised in the
boiler I to an ordinary pressure of about forty pounds to the square inch,
and the cock A opened and the steam-pipe piece D2 raised slightly, the

page_text: steam will pass through the slanting opening d between it and the
heating channel D and adjustable pipe-valve piece D, escaping through
the pipe D, and cause an inducing action up through the heating
channel D and aid the forcing action of the water jet to carry up the
heated gases from the boiler furnace I, while the forcing action of the
jet will enable higher pressures to be reached than attainable by the
simple inducing jet action. In this way I combine my direct acting
method of generating motive vapour with the common boiler.
Figure 50 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement for heating the
water jet from the jet pipe A by waste steam. A cast-iron closed
box Ais placed in the side of the furnace, having coupled to it the
waste or exhaust steam pipe O from an engine, and also the water-
forcing jet pipe A. To the opposite side of the box A next to the
furnace G is fixed a secondary short jet pipe A, leaving the space
B, B, inside the box A" for the jet to play across the box, and form
a partial vacuum, and becoming heated by the steam and thence passing
through the nozzle pipe A across the furnace space B, B', and through
the heating channel D in the form of clastic vapour suitable for motive-
power purposes, a waste water pipe being provided for taking away
condensed water from the box A".
Figure 51 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 52 an external plan of
a form of furnace for utilizing waste steam, and for obtaining steam
free, or approximately free from the gases of the furnace. This furnace
is similar to that described in reference to Figures 34, 35, and 36, and is
litted with the same description of heating channel D, but placed in an
inverted manner or form, the water jet pipe A sending the jet downwards
and the vapour passing out by the pipe E coupled to the pipe D' and
heating channel D. An outer heating channel D" of the same form,
but larger in diameter, is made to surround the main one D to which the
waste steam pipe O is coupled, thus surrounding the main heating
channel D by a zone of steam, and being heated by the furnace its
closer proximity and greater affinity for the water than the gases causes
the steam to be united with the water and to evaporate the water, and
the furnace is provided with a chimney G³ and damper.
Figure 53 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 54 an external plan of
a vessel for containing water for removing impurities from vapour
generated by these several improved generators. It may be made of
any convenient form, or constructed of any suitable material that will

page_text: stand the pressure necessary. This one is shown constructed as a close
vertical cast-iron cylindrical vessel P, to which is connected the steam
or vapour pipe D from the heater and generator, and the steam or
vapour pipe E leading away the vapour to actuate a motive engine.
In order to remove granular particles and other impurities from the
vapour generated a partition H' dips down from the cover H below the
water line 1, 1, in the vessel P, which makes the vapour entering at
the pipe D to pass through the water, and thereby causes it to leave
all or a great portion of its impurities in the water, which get pre-
cipitated to the bottom before the vapour rises on the opposite side
of the partition H' to escape by the pipe E to the engine. A sludge
door is provided at the bottom for removing all deposit as it ac-
cumulates. To keep the water from getting too low in the vessel P
and converted into steam, a small feed pipe is provided, and a
discharge hot water pipe to be led to supply the jet water of the
generators. With a vessel thus coupled to the pipe of the generators
water can be withdrawn to work water engines from a cock, as at Q.
The essential and substantial improvements and features of novelty
comprised under this first part or head of my said Invention as so far
described is or consists in the use of a jet or jets of water or other
liquid, vapour, air, or gas, and causing them to pass or "play"
intermittently or in streams into heating vessels or through channels
or nozzles, and into or through other liquids, air, or gases in a heated
state within or drawn from furnaces, so as to be induced (or drawn in
and forced) to intermingle or combine with the jets and generate a
current by their initial force, which may be assisted by closed furnaces,
and air forced in for the combustion of the fuel, and form a heated
current of clastic fluid to be used for motive-power purposes, and also
in the construction and arrangement of parts of the apparatus or
mechanism and modes of using these for producing and conducting
the said motive fluid, all substantially as herein described; and also in
returning a part of the said initial water or current or produced vapour
condensed to be reheated, as described; and further, also in these
improvements or any of them separately for producing motive vapour,
either in connection with an arrangement of ordinary open furnace or
with closed doors on fire, ash-pit, and damper, and forced air currents,
or currents produced with steam jets to produce forced combustion, all
substantially as described.

page_text: My said Invention under the second head or section consists in various
new or improved arrangements of apparatus for directing the force of
steam or other motive vapour from a steam boiler or vapour generator,
by a jet or jets to actuate the piston or other equivalent moving parts
of motive-power engines, having or providing in combination with
these arrangements a return channel for conducting the steam or vapour
which has passed through the engine back to the induction or entrance
port or nozzle of the jet or jets of steam from the steam generator, thus
connecting the return channel for the exhaust steam or vapour from
the motor, and the pipe from the steam boiler or generator, so that that
part of the exhaust fluid which remains in a state of vapour or spray, and
is not condensed into water by the abstraction of its heat or force by
the engine, shall be induced by the action of the jet or jets of steam or
vapour from the boiler or generator, and by the heat imparted thereto
again expanded and sent through the engine again along with the fresh
motive vapour; the condensed water from the steam in the return
channel being trapped and led into a reservoir or pipe ready to be
sent in a hot state by a pump injector or other equivalent means or
apparatus back to the steam boiler or vapour generator, again to
generate steam or vapour for the engine. The steam or vapour or
portion thereof having as stated to pass several times through the
engine before it is condensed into water, the most suitable form of
motive-power engine is that which will act with a large volume of
steam or vapour at a low pressure.
One modification of and means for carrying out the improvements
under the second head of this Invention consists in the mechanical
motor impelled part of it, which directly receives the force of the
motive vapour, being in the form of an undershot or overshot water
wheel, inclosed in a case with the axis by preference placed horizontally
and having an annular inducing port or jet piece for the steam or
vapour from the boiler to enter, connected to the rim of the case near
to its top side, and an exhaust port placed about a sixth part of the
circumference of the wheel or motor from the former; in passing
through which inlet channel the current of motive vapour or fluid
impinges on and forces forward the floats or vanes of the incased wheel
or motor, until it reaches and escapes at the exhaust port or channel.
The vanes of the rotating wheel or motor may be made curved or
straight, and set in a nearly radial direction and formed the full width

page_text: of the wheel, but not required or made to fit the case accurately, and
these induction and exhaust or return ports or channels for guiding
the vapour to and from the vanes may have "louver board" pieces
to direct and induce the current straight or tangentially through them
and the wheel; and these channels may be formed in the outer case
and be made to serve as a casing or jacket for the main case of the
motor wheel or be led round to the steam inducing jet from the boiler
or generator. The lower side of the return channel being provided
with a trap opening or openings for the water from the condensed steam
being trapped or led to a reservoir or pipe ready for the supplying the
steam generator.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation on Sheet 4
of my Drawings. of a mechanical motor constructed in accordance with
and illustrative of one modification of these improvements under the
second head or section of my said Invention, so as to act on this
induced and return current arrangement or principle, the working parts
in both Figures being shown in section.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 a transverse section of
the inducing jet nozzle and other parts connected therewith, namely, the
induction steam pipe A, annular induction jet nozzle piece A', return
current nozzle piece A, and annular adjustable sliding valve piece A",
as also part of the induction pipe A', which leads forward the motive
vapour to the induction port B' in the case B of the motive wheel C.
The form of the annular inducing nozzle A', which by preference is made
of brass, and shown coloured yellow in Figure 3, will be better under-
stood by referring to the enlarged detail Drawings, Figures 16, 17,
and 18, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings; this form of jet inducing nozzle
I prefer to use as being the best for utilizing the force of steam by this
improved mode.or principle of using return currents, and with slight
modifications I have shown it applied to the various modifications of
motive-power engines, which are actuated by this returned induced
steam current modes of utilizing the force of steam, from Figure 1 on
Sheet 4 to Figure 35, Sheet 6 of the Drawings hereunto appended.
The motive wheel C, as shown in this modification, resembles the form
of an undershot water wheel, and is composed of a centre piece C', two
malleable iron side or end plates C2, C3, bolted to the ends of the centre
piece C, and bound together near their outer rim or inner edge of the
vanes by a circumferential rim or plate piece C³ rivetted in between the

page_text: side plates C and the vanes c, c, c, which are also made of thin iron
plate, and rivetted to the side plates C and to the circumferential
plate C. The space between the vanes c, c, therefore forming a series
of cavities or buckets, which contain the motive vapour in its course
while or as it passes from the induction to the eduction port of the case.
The form of the vanes c, c, may be curved radially, but I prefer them
made straight, and placed as shown, inclined backwards at the points
from the inlet side where the vapour impinges on them, so as to cause
the vapour to pass out at the eduction or exhaust duct or port B more
freely than if left radial. The centre C' of the motive wheel C is fitted
fast on a spindle D which works in the bushes B', B', formed in the sides
of the case B, also supported and working in the bush bracket D', the
sides of the case B and the bush bracket D' being bolted on the top of
the cast-iron water cistern E; the whole of these stationary parts thus
forming a compact and stiff framing for the impelled motive wheel C to
revolve in. The spindle D is also fitted with the belt pulley D², which
by a belt gives off the power transmitted to it. The circumferential rim
plate B of the motive wheel case B, which encloses the motive wheel C.
has formed at its under side the branch pipe connection B, which is
formed to carry off water from the condensation of the steam from the
case B into the cistern E conducted down by the pipe E'. The top section
of this circumferential plate B has formed in it for the course of the
steam or vapour current the induction port B and the exhaust port B.
The induction pipe A is connected to the induction port B, and the in-
duction end of the return steam pipe F is connected to the exhaust port
B³. The induction and exhaust ports B', B, are shown fitted with a
series of thin plates b, b. b, so as to guide on and lead off the motive steam
to and from the vanes c, c, c, of the motive wheel B in thin streams or
layers tangentially, and the ends of the plates bare cut off near to but so
as not to touch the vanes cas the wheel C revolves, space being also left
in the case all round for the vanes c and wheel to revolve; exact or
accurate fitting not being necessary in these "low-pressure" engines.
The return pipe F is shown led from the eduction fo the induction side
of the engine. and has connected to it at the induction side by a branch
connection the escape pipe F' for waste steam, as also the pipe F2 by a
similar branch on the under side of the return steam pipe F. and
opposite the waste steam pipe outlet branch F'. The pipe F, which is
connected to the water cistern E, and to which it leads down the water
formed by condensation in the return pipe F. The pipe F at the

page_text: exhaust side also being connected, as shown to the return pipe F and
water cistern E to take down the water from the condensed steam. The
return pipe F has formed in it an annular trap space F* near the steam
branch pipes A and A' adapted to trap the water from condensation
which adheres to the surface of the pipe, and to direct and conduct it
down through the pipes F and F, and thereby take the water from the
return steam before it enters the nozzle pipe A2, which nozzle pipe is in
this case shown as cast in one piece with the return pipe F; but it might
be formed in a separate piece, as seen in the detached sectional views,
Figures 3 and 4, of the steam inducing nozzle combined with this return
nozzle. The return nozzle piece A has fitted to slide upon it the annular
loose sluice or valve piece A³, seen in Figures 1 and 3, which when
pushed close to the steam injection nozzle piece A' excludes the air, but
when drawn back allows the air to enter at the opening A" at the end
of the return nozzle A, as indicated by the yellow arrows. This slide
valve A may in this way be closed or opened according as the pressure
of the steam or resistance to be overcome by the power of the engine
my require. Thus arranged, and on steam from a steam generator or
boiler being admitted by the pipe A in front, the steam and its annular
nozzle A induces or draws in the air that is in the return pipe F. and
sends a strong current of steam and air in through the pipe A' and
induction port B', guided on to the vanes c of the wheel C in thin™
streams by the plates or "louver boards" b, b, b, so as to impinge on the
vanes c. and impel or force round the motive wheel C, as indicated by
the arrows at c passing out through the exhaust port B in thin streams
between the plates or "louver boards" fitted in this port also, so that as
each vane c comes round to the first plate b the current on the top of
the first plate tends to induce or draw out the layer of steam flowing out
through the space or spaces below it, and so on successively down as
each vane of the wheel passes the exhaust port B", and thereby effectively
exhausts the steam from the cavities or buckets of the wheel before fully
passing this port. The exhaust steam thence passes round through the
return pipe F. as indicated by the blue darts, being partially condensed
into water in its course, but whatever air or steam is not condensed is
induced in through the return steam nozzle pipe A2 of the annular
nozzle injector A' by the initial inducing jet of steam through it, and
sent along with the initial steam from the boiler again to act over the
vanes of the motive wheel C. and so on continuously, the course of the
currents being as indicated by the blue, yellow, and black arrows; the

page_text: water at a high temperature is drawn away to feed the steam generator
or boiler through the water pipe G. the currents of which and motion
of the engine being all as indicated by the darts and arrows as before
named.
Figure 5 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 6 an external
clevation of an impact motive wheel or engine of the same general
description as that just described in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
but designed for greater power and larger in diameter, having also
three inducing steam injectors and corresponding three separate inducing
ports and exhaust ports leading the steam or vapour on, upon, and
out from the motive wheel at separate and at equal distances from each
other into the case. Each inducing nozzle and its induction port induces
the steam from the exhaust port next to it. The same letters refer to
similar parts as in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. Steam is admitted from the
steam generator or boiler by the inlet branch and steam cock A and
pipe A, A, A, to the three annular nozzle steam-inducing injectors
A. A. A', which severally, as explained in connection with Figures 1
and 2, send a current of steam or vapour through the induction port B*
to which it is connected, and to the vanes c, c, c, of the motive wheel C
intervening, and through the exhaust port B, and passing through the
return pipe F, as indicated by the blue darts, and then induced into the
successive induction ports B, 13, and what the inducing nozzle does
not take in escapes by the waste steam pipes F', the condensed water
being trapped by the annular traps F. F, F', in the bent return pipes
F. F. F. by the return water pipes F2, F3, and branch pipe F, to the
water cistern E, the water from which cistern being led to the boiler
by the pipe G. A waste steam pipe E is connected to the top part of
the water cistern E for conveying away the waste steam (if any) which
may pass into the cistern by the branch pipe F3 from the lower return
pipe F. Thus arranged three successive currents of motive vapour are
made to impinge and impell the motive wheel C at three corresponding
sections of its circumference, and thereby by consuming and utilizing
corresponding steam by each inducing injector obtains increased and

page_text: correspondingly greater power than would be obtained from one set of
ports. The course of the currents of steam and water are as indicated
by the arrows and darts.
Figure 7 is an external plan, Figure 8 an elevation partly in section
of a similar motive-power engine to that described in connection with
Figures 1 and 2, but having two steam induction ports B', B', on one
side of the wheel case B, one at the upper, and the other at the under
side, with corresponding escape or exhaust ports B, B2, at the upper and
under sides opposite the induction ports for being used or for making
the vapour current pass from either induction port for the purpose of
reversing the motion of the motive wheel C. The return steam pipes
F, F, are bent round and along at the side of the case B, as seen in plan
Figure 7, and have a separate set of pipes for each pair of induction and
exhaust ports, but otherwise there is no substantial difference in this
engine from that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2, and the
same letters refer to the same parts in each. The branch steam pipe A
has fixed in it the three-way cock A", which by turning the handle on
its key introduces the steam to the top side inducing injector A', or to
the bottom inducing injector A2, which produces corresponding reverse
motions in the motive wheel C. The course of the currents in the
return pipes F, and the flow of the water to the cistern E through the
pipes F and F are as indicated by the arrows. Although the motion of
the motive wheel C is made to reverse the course of the currents of the
steam and water do not reverse in these pipes, one set remains empty
while the others are in action or use, in this way an effective reversing
motion is obtained.
Figure 9 is an elevation of a motive-power engine composed of two
combined motive-power engines, each similar to that described in con-
nection with Figures 1 and 2. The object of this arrangement is to
cause the exhaust vapour from the first motive wheel in the case B to
pass on to actuate the second wheel in the case B" the better to utilize
its force and condense it into water, and thence pass round the return
pipe F back to the inducing steam injector A. The water from the
condensed steam being trapped by the annular trap F' passing down
through the branch pipe F into the cistern E. The two spindles D, D",
of the motive wheels are geared together to the cross shaft D, which
by the three cog wheels indicated by the dotted circles D3, D4, D³, the
cross shaft D being used as the connection for giving out the power of

page_text: the combined engines. The same letters of reference refer to the same
parts as in Figures 1 and 2, and the direction of the motion of the
wheels, and course of the steam, water, and air currents are as indicated
by the arrows.
Figure 10 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 11 an end elevation
partly in section, of a motive-power engine, to be actuated by this
improved return mode of utilizing the force of steam having a motive
wheel similar to an ordinary inward flow water turbine or water wheel.
The steam is admitted by a branch pipe connection A to an annular
steam inducing jet nozzle A' similar to that described in connection with
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, with slight modifications at the point of the inner
casing at a to direct the current of motive vapour through the conical
annular casing A into the motive wheel case B at the annular
space B, B², between the periphery of the motive wheel C and the inner
circumferential surface of the case, and thence inwards to the centre of
the wheel through the curved vanes c of the motive wheel, as indicated
by the arrows seen in Figure 11, and thence again passing from the
centre of the motive wheel C through the central return channel F to be
induced back through the annular channel A and on through the
motive wheel again, as indicated by the blue arrows and darts, the waste
steam escaping by the central orifice or pipe or branch pipe piece F', and
the water from the condensed steam passes down through the branch B
of the case B of the wheel down through the branch pipe E' to the
water cistern E, from which it is fed away to supply the boiler or steam
generator. The motive wheel C is keyed on the spindle D, which works
in the bush bearing B' formed or fixed on the side plate B of the case
and the bush bracket D'. The conical piece C which forms the inner
surface of the annular induction channel A and central return
channel F is composed of thin plates, and is fixed upon and revolves
with the motive wheel C. The power of the engine may be given off
by a belt pulley D or by cog wheels or other gear.
Where the parts are
similar the same letters refer to the same parts as in Figures 1 and 2, and
the direction of the motion of the currents are all as indicated by the
arrows.
!
Figure 12 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 13 an external
elevation of a similar motive-power engine to that described in con-
nection with Figures 10 and 11 with only some different details for
causing it to reverse. The same letters refer to the same parts in cach,

page_text: and the same description answers for both except these reversing details,
which I shall describe. The inducing annular steam nozzle A', A", is
formed double, having corresponding steam branch pipe connections A
and A*, which are joined together with the three-way steam cock A"",
which by turning the key handle shown turns on the steam to either
steam branches A or A*. When the steam is turned on to the branch
steam pipe A and thereby caused to issue from the annular nozzle a, the
direction of the current of steam or vapour is as indicated by the arrows,
and the motion and action similar to that described by Figures 10 and
11. On the steam being turned into the steam branch pipe A* it issues
from the annular nozzle b, and sends the current into the centre of the
turbine and out through the vanes e in the manner of an outward-flow
turbine, and thence round the conical and annular channels B, A,
thus reversing the motion of the motive wheel C. The inner conical
surface and piece of these channels C does not in this modification
revolve with the motive wheel C, and the waste steam escapes by the
central waste pipe F¹.
Figure 14 is a side elevation, partly in section, Figure 15 an end
sectional elevation through the line a--b in Figure 14, and Figure 16
an external end elevation of a motive-power engine, to be actuated
also by the same form of a steam inducing annular nozzle to induce
in the waste or return steam from the exhaust port of the case,
having a reaction motive wheel or mechanical motor similar to the
well known water wheel known.as Whitelaw's water wheel, the con-
struction of this wheel will be readily understood from the sectional
Drawings. The same letters of reference indicate similar parts or parts
serving the same purpose as in Figures 1 and 2. The steam is
admitted from the boiler to the steam branch pipe A and the annular
jet nozzle A', and issues into the centre of the motive wheel C, and
thence issues out at the two jet nozzles c, c, in the periphery of the
wheel C, indicated by the arrows in Figure 15, causing the motive
wheel to revolve by the reaction of the issuing jets of steam, which then
flows into the case B, and passes out by the connected return pipe F
round, as indicated by the arrows, back to the annular inducing jet
nozzle A', and induced in by the jet of steam, and sent though the
motive wheel C again. The condensed water being trapped by the
trap F', is directed and led down through the pipe F into the water
cistern E, the waste steam, or such a portion of the steam as the inducing

page_text: jet nozzle does not induce and send through the motive wheel again,
passes out by the waste pipe F', and the course of the currents are as
indicated by the arrows. Although I have shown only one form of
inducing jet nozzle for taking in exhaust steam or air along with the
steam from the boiler, mainly that of the annular form and jet, which
1 prefer as the best, yet still other forms of jets will serve the same
purpose. And Figure 17 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 18 an
end elevation of a modification, in which the pipe A leads in the steam
from the boiler, and issues it in the form of a cylindrical jet from a
conical nozzle A' in the centre of the large pipe A, which admits the
cold air at A" by the sliding valve piece A", as indicated by the yellow
arrows, while by the branch pipe F the return steam is induced and
forced through the pipe A', as indicated by the blue arrow.
Figure 19 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 20 an end elevation
of another form of inducing jet nozzle to be used for these return steam
motive-power engines, in which the pipe A admits the steam from the
boiler and is formed at its extremity into a cylindrical jet piece A' within
the nozzle piece A, as in the previous modification. The branch pipe A"
admits the cold air when required, controlled by a valve A" and the
pipe F the return steam, the combined current passing out by the pipe
or channel A', as indicated by the blue arrows. Where great power and
slow angular motion is required in the motive wheel large diameters are
necessary, and in such cases a large cylindrical drum or motive wheel
with angularly placed or curved vanes fixed upon its periphery, and
steam or vapour passed along these vanes in a parallel direction to the
axis of the motive wheel in a correspondingly large jet or current, will
produce this result.
On Sheet 5 of my Drawings Figure 21 is an end elevation partly in
section, Figure 22, for the most part, a sectional side elevation through
the line a-a, in Figure 21; and Figure 23 an external plan of a
motive-power engine of this description. A steam pipe A, from a steam
boiler or generator leads the steam to an annular jet nozzle A', into
which the return steam current jet pipe A is entered, fitted with the
annular sliding valve piece A" for regulating the annular opening A" for
the admission of cold air, and the nozzle piece A' is connected to the
motive wheel case B at the induction port B' of the motor. A portion
of the end plate of the case B is shown broken off in Figure 21, and a
portion of the periphery plate B of the case B on the line a-a, Figure 23,

page_text: to show the form of the motive wheel, which is made of one casting,
with sets of arms C, C, and centre C' at each end of the rim plate C",
from which the curved obliquely set vanes c, c, c, project; a portion
also of the rim plate C being broken off to show the arms and rim
plate C in section, with the full breadth of one vane e in its position
when placed in line with and between the induction port B' and exhaust
port B in the case. The motive wheel C is keyed upon the spindle D,
and made to run truly in the bushes B', B', fixed in the ends of the
case B and bush bracket D', and having a pulley D keyed upon it for
giving off its power by a belt, the motive wheel C and its vanes c being
made to revolve freely and out of contact with the case, accurate fitting
not being necessary. The exhaust port B has connected to it the pipe F
for conveying the exhaust steam to the branch pipe F", having a water
trap F and branch F for carrying down the condensed water and waste
steam to the cistern E, the exhaust or return current pipe F being from
the water trap F thence carried round and terminating in the return
current jet pipe A, as explained. A condensed water pipe B and E
conveys the water from condensation in the case B to the cistern E, and
a pipe G is connected to the cistern for leading away the water to the
steam boiler or generator, and the cistern also has connected a pipe E³
for conveying away the waste steam. Thus arranged, and steam being
made to enter by the steam pipe A. a current is caused to pass in a
straight line across the periphery and between the vanes c. c, c, of the
motive wheel C from the induction port B' to the exhaust port B, and
round the return pipe F, the current impinging on the after sides of the
vanes and causing the wheel C to revolve, the motion of the motive
wheel being as indicated by the arrow on the end of the case B in
Figure 21 at c, c, and the course of the fluid currents as indicated by the
blue, yellow, and black arrows. The guiding or "louver board" plates b
in the induction and exhaust ports for retaining the current in direct
line are placed vertically in this modification, as seen in Figure 23 by
the dotted lines b, b, b. It will be readily understood that various
modifications can be made of this form of motive-power engine to be
actuated by return steam currents; and two or more sets of ports can be
formed in the case, or annular ports all the diameter of the case, and
the vanes of the motive wheel may be formed so short as to resemble
the vanes of a windmill. In using steam from a common steam boiler
for these return steam current motive-power engines the steam and
return steam or vapour, before it reaches the motive wheel, may be

page_text: superheated and increased in volume and force in a vessel or tapering
channel or pipe, by the pipe being led through the waste heated gases
passing from the boiler flue or fire-box to the chimney.
Figure 24 is a plan, and Figure 25 a sectional elevation, showing the
jet pipe A passed through the fire-box I of an ordinary vertical dome
boiler I and flue 1" leading to the chimney, controlled by a damper I
between or in its passage from the jet nozzle piece A' and the induction
port B of the motive wheel C. This motive-power engine is otherwise
nearly identical with that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2
on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, and the same letters refer to like parts and
therefore need not be here further described. The course of the currents
are as indicated by the arrows; and the current in the jet pipe as it
passes through the flue I and fire-box I is expanded and correspond-
ingly intensified in force. The steam current also may be expanded by
direct contact with the heated gases in the furnace by having a portion
of the jet pipe A+ formed similar to that shown in Figures 23 and 24 on
Sheet 1 of my Drawings; or portion of the gases may be induced into
the pipe by an inducing jet nozzle A*, as shown in section, Figure 26,
which represents a part of the boiler I where the pipe A' passes through
it or the jet nozzle pipe A* may be formed with a number of
openings d, d, d, as shown in section in Figure 27, by a similar portion
of the boiler I and jet pipe A'; the course of the currents are as
indicated by the arrows. Where any considerable portion of the waste
gases or gases of combustion are induced into the jet pipe A', as
explained, correspondingly large waste pipes, F, F, and E2 have to be
provided. In another form all the waste gases and heated air may be
induced in along with the steam into the motive-power engine to actuate
it, and thereafter returned in a circular channel having its concave side
open for the return or exhaust vapour or gases to come in contact with
the atmosphere for the absorption of oxygen or fresh air; a portion of
the heated current thus returned is sent through the boiler or steam
generator furnace to support the combustion of the fuel, and the water
from the condensed vapour trapped and led off for the supply of the
boiler or generator.
Figure 28 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 29 an external end
elevation of a Cornish boiler having a motive-power engine fixed upon
the top of it, adapted to be actuated by a return current of vapour in
this way, the motive wheel C and all the parts of this engine being

page_text: "
similar, and correspondingly lettered to that described in connection
with Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, need not be here
further described than in reference to the parts of the apparatus for
maintaining and regulating the currents peculiar to this modification of
my said Invention. Steam is conducted from the boiler I through the
vertical steam pipe A to the annular jet nozzle A' connected to the
induction port B' of the engine, and a cock a' and pipe a connected to
the boiler and bent downwards leads steam to an annular jet nozzle a,
similar to the other jet nozzles A', connected to the boiler underneath
the furnace, and to which the return pipe or channel. F is connected.
The boiler is provided with tight furnace and ash-pit doors G, G,
and at the back end of the flue G to that of the furnace I a mouth
casting G, to which the forcing pipe A is connected, terminating in
the bent jet or forcing pipe A. The return current pipe F from the
part F to the part F is formed open on the under side, the transverse
section of this part being as shown drawn to a larger scale in Figure 30,
the space a, b, being open to the atmosphere, and to prevent the con-
densed water which adheres to the surface of the channel or pipe from
dropping out small rone" channels g and gare formed in it; the
return pipe being thence continued on to the annular jet nozzles A' a,
underneath the boiler furnace, as shown and explained. A branch
pipe F traps and leads off the condensed water to the cistern E, which
is provided with a branch pipe G for leading away the condensed water
to the boiler and a waste vapour pipe E2; thus arranged and the steam
from the boiler being admitted to the steam pipes A and a the motion
of the currents are as indicated by the arrows, and motion of the motive
wheel C as the arrows placed upon it. The mixed steam and gases
become greatly expanded in the furnace l' and flue G" and form a
highly expansive vapour at a moderate pressure and in great volume,
which inducing cold air at the opening A", and all impinging against
the vanes of the motive wheel C, causes it to revolve, the pipe F carrying
it back again with its oxygen partially restored to it in passing through
the open channel F to F by exposure to the atmosphere. and its
centrifugal force in passing round the curve retaining it, or most part
of it. in its course. Whilst the return mode of utilizing the force of
steam or vapour as described can be wrought with advantage by steam
or vapour from an ordinary boiler, it is also intended to apply and use
the steam or vapour generator described under the first head or section
of this my said Invention for generating vapour to work these return

page_text: current motive-power engines; portion of the waste gases to be returned
to the generating channel or to the furnace, or portion of the exhaust
vapour can be returned and re-induced to the motive wheel along with
the vapour from the generator.
Figure 31 is a sectional clevation, and Figure 32 an end elevation
cf. a similar motive-power engine to that just described, but instead of
a Cornish boiler being used for generating steam a vapour generator with
duplex furnace I and heating channel D" with angular "louver "-formed
recesses d, d, d, is employed for generating the actuating motive fluid
current much similar in construction to that described in connection
with Figures 51 and 52 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, and the generator
therefore need not be again described. The motive-power engine, all
except that the annular jet nozzles A', A'a, are dispensed with, are the
same as that just described in connection with Figures 28, 29, and 30,
and the same letters of reference refer to similar parts, and therefore
does not require other explanation. The motion of the motive wheel C
is as indicated by the arrows upon it, and the motion of the currents is
as indicated by the black and coloured arrows and darts. This return
mode of utilizing the force of steam can be applied with advantage to
cylinder engines with reciprocating pistons, and in one form by con-
necting the induction steam ports and passages to the cylinder, and
having an annular space formed in the centre or at some intermediate
point in the passage, with a tubular valve piece or annular jet nozzle
at this space, and the steam regulated so as to direct the current by
"tappet," eccentric, or other suitable valve motion, which admits the
steam to the cylinder when the piston gets to the end of the stroke, for
forcing it to the other end of the cylinder, whilst at the same instant
it establishes a connection for causing an exhausting action on the
opposite side of the piston. The steam or vapour, or what of it remains
not condensed into water, is induced in and forced by the jet from the
annular jet nozzle to the forcing side of the piston; as the motion of
the piston and connecting rod traverses, and as the crank and crank
shaft goes round, the water from the condensed steam is trapped in the
passage to a pipe or reservoir, the steam admitted into the cylinder
bing sufficiently small in quantity to allow of the engine for the most
part abstracting or utilizing in force such a proportion of heat as will
condense it into water which can all, or nearly all, be returned to the
boiler

page_text: Figure 33 is an elevation partly in section, and Figure 34 a plan
also partly in section, on Sheet 6 of my Drawings, showing a horizontal
steam engine arranged to be actuated in this way. The sole plate,
crank shaft, fly wheel, crank, and connecting rod are similar to the same
parts in an ordinary high-pressure steam engine, and need not therefore
be described; the steam cylinder and immediate parts, which are large
in proportion to the other parts of the engine, so as to act by a low
pressure of actuating vapour, only requiring description. On steam
being admitted from the boiler to the pipe and cock or valve A and to the
casing J, to produce motion on the piston in the direction of the arrow 1,
the slide valve e is moved by the eccentric e on the crank shaft, until
it admits steam through the passage e' to the annular jet nozzle A',
which induces the exhaust steam from the exhaust or other side of
the piston, causing it to pass through the passage or jet pipe A', and
sends it along with the steam from the boiler through the jet pipe A*
and port B', the water from condensation being trapped by the annular
trap F and diverted down by the pipe F2 to the cistern E. When the
piston in motion in this direction gets to the end of the stroke, the
eccentric e on the crank shaft has moved the slide valve e until the
steam is allowed to pass through the passage el into the annular jet
nozzle a', which is set in the opposite direction to that of the nozzle A¹
and induces out the steam from the cylinder through the port B' and
jet pipe A, as indicated by the blue darts on it, and sends the current
through the jet pipe a', as indicated by the blue arrow placed on it,
through the induction pipe b' at the opposite end of the cylinder B,
and thus giving motion to the piston in the opposite direction, or that
indicated by, the arrow 2. When the current is in motion in this
direction the water from the condensed steam is trapped by the annular
trap F', and led by branch pipe F into the cistern E, the water
from the cistern E being led away by the pipe G to the boiler. A
pipe E is connected to the cistern E to lead away the waste steam
that passes down through the branch pipes and F. The motion of this
engine is otherwise similar to that of an ordinary steam engine, the
eccentric on the crank shaft giving motion to the slide valve e so as
to open and close the passages at the required positions of the piston,
and give continuous action as in ordinary high-pressure steam engines.
Besides being thus suitable for reciprocating crank engines, a useful
modification for utilizing the force of steam in this way is obtained
by long cylinders for working hoists and other similar machines with

page_text: the motion wrought by hand for producing a single traverse or stroke
of the piston at a time.
Figure 35 is a sectional elevation of this arrangement, and as the
cylinder and all the parts are exactly similar to that described in con-
nection with Figures 33 and 34, and the same letters of reference
referring to like parts, the description given in connection with these
is sufficient, the only difference being that instead of the slide valve e
being wrought by an eccentric it is in this case adapted to be worked
by hand. The piston rod of the cylinder is shown fitted with a chain
for working over pulleys in the ordinary manner of piston hoists.
The essential, new, or improved feature of this part of my Invention
consists in returning the steam from the exhaust side of the motive
wheels or pistons in such a way as to cause a portion of it to be induced
by a jet of steam in over again or afresh, by the inducing jets of steam
from the boiler or vapour generator to propel a motive-power engine;
and in combination with this the means for trapping the condensed
water for supplying the boiler or steam generator.
Another improvement under the second head or section of this said
Invention consists in mechanism for working motive wheels and turbines
by steam and air combined or mixed by direct single currents, or a
current only once passed through or over the vanes of an impelled
motive wheel or turbine, the motive wheels with their cases being
essentially of the same construction as those described in connection
with Figures 1 to 16 on Sheet 4, and Figures 21 to 32 on Sheet 5, of
my Drawings, and the same letters of reference refer to like parts in
these Figures.
Figure 36 is a side elevation partly in section, and Figure 37 an
external end elevation of a motive-power engine similar to that described
in connection with Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, but in
place of the return steam pipe F being connected to the exhaust port of
the motive-wheel case, as seen in these Figures, I attach to the exhaust
port B of the motive-wheel case (Figures 36 and 37, on Sheet 6 of my
Drawings) an expanding throat, conical, or trumpet-shaped pipe F for
carrying off the waste steam and air current after it has passed from the
motive wheel of the engine. On steam being admitted from a steam
boiler or generator by the steam pipe A to the annular jet nozzle A'
a large quantity of cold air is induced in at the central opening A".
and passes combined with the steam through the jet pipe A, and

page_text: induction port B, and between the "louver boards" or guiding vanes
b, b, b, in the port B' in thin streams or jets so as to impinge against the
vanes c. c, c, of the wheel C, and give motion to it in the direction of
the black arrow placed upon it at c.
The current is also exhausted
from the vanes of the wheel in thin streams in the exhaust port B³, and
from thence passes into the expanding throat pipe F, which produces
after the current is started an exhausting action, and its increased area
at the discharge, or where it may enter another channel, causes the
current to escape with little force or back pressure on the vanes of the
wheel. Where practicable this pipe should be prolonged in the tan-
gential line of the induction and eduction ports B' and B, in length
about ten times its diameter at the exhaust port B, and its sectional
area at its extremity should be about four times its area at its junction
with the port B: the same exhausting action will be more or less
obtained by bending it upwards or otherwise as indicated by the dotted
lines if its trumpet form be preserved, but the straight form as described
acts with most advantage.
Figure 38 is an elevation partly in section, and Figure 39 a sectional
side elevation, of a motive-power engine also adapted to be actuated by
mixed steam and air passed once through the motive wheel C; the form
of this motive-power engine is with slight modifications that of a up-
ward flow turbine, and similar to that described in connection with
Figures 12 and 13, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, when it is there acting
as an outward-flow turbine; the same letters also refer to like parts,
and need not be here again described. On steam being admitted by the
pipe A to the annular jet nozzle A', the motion of the currents is as
indicated by the coloured arrows, the motion of the motive wheel C
being as indicated by the arrow on the case in Figure 38, and the
exhaust vapour after it has passed through the wheel C escapes by the
trumpet-shaped pipe F connected to the turbine wheel case B.
Figure 40 is a side elevation partly in section, and Figure 41 an end
clevation of a motive-power engine, also adapted to be actuated by mixed
steam and air; the form of the motive wheel in this engine is the same
as that known as Whitelaw's water wheel, and all its parts are similar to
that described in connection with Figures 14, 15, and 16. on Sheet 4 of
my Drawings, except that I have in this modification (Figures 40
and 41), connected to the case B the trumpet-shaped exhaust pipe F;
the same letters indicating the like parts in these Figures, and therefore

page_text: this motive engine need not again be described. The direction of the
currents is as indicated by the coloured arrows, and the motion of the
motive wheel by the arrow on the case B in Figure 41. In these modi-
fications of motive-power engines described in reference to the Figures
on Sheet 6, to be actuated by direct currents of steam and air passed
once over or through the motive wheel, the annular steam inducing
nozzle A', the guiding plates or "louver boards" b, b, b, (in the induction
and exhaust ports B and B, whereby the current is led on and off the
impelled motive wheel,) and the exhausting trumpet-shaped pipe F arc
the novel and essential features in this
The jet
part of
Invention.
my
or current pipe A may be formed long for the transmission of power to
long distances, as steam and air mixed in this way does not condense
readily.
Figure 42 is a side elevation partly in section, showing a motive-power.
engine similar to that described in connection with Figures 36 and 37,
but besides being adapted to be actuated by steam and air mixed as
there described, this modification is also adapted to be in part actuated
by waste gases from a furnace, induced in among the steam and
air in motion to rarify and expand the current, and to increase its
volume and force, the temperature of the waste gases from a boiler
furnace being much higher than steam and air alone mixed in this way.
A vertical dome boiler I of the ordinary description is shown in section
connected to this motive-power engine with the internal fire-box I,
having the funnel 1" led direct to the centre of the annular steam jet
inducing nozzle A', the funnel I being also continued upwards for
carrying away the gases when the engine is not in action, and, provided
with a damper I, for closing when the heated gases are wanted for the
engine. The horizontal flue part of this funnel I" is shown contracted
into a jet pipe A, about one-third part smaller in diameter than the
internal diameter of the annular steam inducing nozzle A', and of its
pipe A, and is led past the issuing annular steam jet of the nozzle A',
as shown; the cold or atmospheric air therefore is first induced in by
the annular steam jet through the annular opening or channel A", and
the current thus formed induces in the heated furnace gases at a point
beyond the steam annular nozzle A', causing increased expansion and
force of the whole motive fluid, which passes in through the induction
port B of the motive wheel C, and impells it round in the direction
indicated by the arrow placed on the case B, the exhaust current

page_text: passing out by the trumpet-shaped pipe F, all as indicated by the
coloured arrows. The annular steam jet nozzle A', current guiding or
"louver board" plates b, b, b, in the induction and exhaust ports B
and B, and the exhausting trumpet pipe F, together with the arrange-
ment for introducing the waste gases at a point in the jet or current
pipe A beyond the annular steam jet nozzle A' are the novel and
essential improvements or features of this part of my Invention. The
course of currents is as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Instead of the
heated gases from the furnace being induced in through the centre of
the steam nozzle A', by the jet pipe A as described in connection with
Figure 42, the heated gases may be induced in at the branch pipe A* b,
and the whole of the area A" of the centre of the steam nozzle A' left
for the induction of cold air.
Figure 43 is an elevation of this arrangement of nozzle A' and
current pipe A', with a branch pipe A 6, and annular nozzle opening a
lor the induction of the heated gases from the furnace, the arrangement
of the steam nozzle A', ports B and B in the case, and trumpet
exhausting pipe F being the same as described in connection with
Figure 42; the course of the currents being as indicated by the coloured
arrows. Instead also of the cold or atmospheric air being induced in
through the centre of the annular steam jet nozzle A' first, as described
in connection with Figures 42 and 43, 1 also induce the heated gases
from the furnace through the centre of this form of annular steam
inducing nozzle, and thereafter induce in the cold air to be expanded by
the combined steam and heated gases.
Figure 44 is an elevation of an annular steam nozzle A', and current
pipe A', in which the heated gases are admitted by the end orifice
marked A band the branch pipe and nozzle used for the induction of
the cold air, marked in this Figure A" and a"; the same arrangement
for the conveyance of the current through the ports B' and B, with
guiding plates b, b, b, and exhausting trumpet pipe F, being with these
retained as the essentially new features of this
part of my Invention.
Although also I prefer to use the annular steam inducing jet nozzle A',
yet with my other improvements of the induction and exhaust ports
B' and B, and "louver boards" or guiding plates b, b, b, in these ports,
and trumpet exhaust pipe F, I also use a small cylindrical steam jet
inducing nozzle A' (in lieu of the annular nozzle A'), similar to that
described in connection with Figure 17 on Sheet 4 of my Drawings;

page_text: the heated gases to be induced by the branch pipe A", instead of.
exhaust steam by the branch marked F, as there described. The modi-
fications of motive-power engines as described in connection with
Figures 1 to 16, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, and Figures 21 to 24, on.
Sheet 5 of my Drawings, are with the modification of the motive current
pipe suitable to be actuated in this way with simple direct currents of
combined steam, atmospheric air, and heated gases passed once over or
through their motive wheels C, and may have several pairs of induction
and exhaust ports B' and B, as described in connection with Figures 5
and 6, or be caused to reverse their action as described in connection
with Figures 7 and 8, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings.
Another improvement under this second head or section of my said
Invention consists in a mode of. transmitting power and actuating
pistons or other equivalent motive parts of motive-power engines, or
rotating wheels or turbines, already in part described in connection with
this second head or section of this my said Invention. By exhausting
pure or atmospheric air in through these motive-power engines by the
exhausting action of inducing injectors, produced by the same means
and apparatus as hercin-before described for generating and directing
currents (under the first and second heads of my Invention), the con-
struction of the motive-power engines being similar to all those described
in connection with the foregoing second part of this Invention, but in
some cases the motive wheels require no enclosing cases, the sur-
rounding air flowing inwards to the turbine motive wheels, and causing
them to revolve; power may in this way be transmitted to great
distances in mines, factories, and warehouses, and at the same time
exhaust away the surrounding air, and tend to promote ventilation.
Figure 45 is a side elevation partly in section, Figure 46 an external
pan, and Figure 47 an end external elevation of exhausting ejector,
and one modification of a turbine, with the pipe connections to show
how this mode of transmitting power may be carried into effect. Where
there is a number of motive-power engines to be actuated from one
main exhausting pipe, I prefer to use a corresponding number of sinall
steam ejectors, instead of one large one, as in cases where one or more
of the engines to be actuated might require to be at rest, a waste of
steam would be. incurred while part only of the engines were at work.
A steam pipe A conveys steam from a steam generator to the two steam
annular jet inducing nozzles A, A', which are similar to those described

page_text: in connection with Figures 3 and 4 on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, the
steam to each being regulated by a stop-cock A, the action of which
exhausts the air from the main exhaust pipe F', and ejects it through
the trumpet-shaped pipes F, F, which are similar to that described in
connection with Figures 36 and 37, which increases the effective action
of the ejectors. Where the steam is generated by a common steami
boiler the effective exhausting action may also be increased, and the
fuel required for the boiler be economised by inducing in the waste
heated gases from the furnace by the pipe 1 and the waste gases jet
pipes A, A; the exhausting action of the steam jet nozzles A' causing
a partial vacuum in the main pipe F', into which, where there is an
opening formed at any point, the atmospheric air will flow in with
considerable force. A turbine wheel C, of the Whitelaw water wheel
form, and similar to that described in reference to Figures 40 and 41
without the case B, is shown as fitted to the pipe F', the air flowing
inwards instead of outwards through the jet openings c of the wheels C,
into the pipe F7, as indicated by the yellow arrows, causes it to revolve
in the direction of the arrow placed upon it. The spindle D of the
turbine wheel C has a band pulley De keyed upon it, and in Figure 45 a
band D³ is shown carried up to a pulley D, through which the power
of the wheel C is transmitted to the shaft of the pulley D, or other
equivalent gear applicable for transmitting the power, as circumstances
may require. Any of the modifications of motive-power engines described
on Sheet 4 of iny Drawings in connection with Figures 1 to 16, on Sheet 5
described in connection with Figures 21, 22, and 23, and on Sheet 6 in
connection with Figures 33, 34, and 35, are all with slight modifications
suitable for being actuated by exhausting action in this way.
For working warehouse hoists an arrangement of cylinder similar to
that described in connection with Figure 35 will with slight modifi-
cations be suitable, but large area for such purposes being required, and
accurate fitting not being necessary, a square form of reciprocating
engine will be found suitable, fitted with a piston, and may be composed
of plates of metal or planks of wood.
For coal mining, quarrying, and similar purposes where portable
motors are required, the connection may be obtained by a flexible hose
pipe and applied to light boring purposes, such as for working a drill.
Figure 48 shows a light turbine made of light tin plate, and similar
to that described in connection with Figures 45 and 46, the spindle D of

page_text: which is here shown fitted with a drill D', and ports c of the wheel C
being left open to the atmosphere.
"
Figure 49 shows a light portable cylinder B adapted to have a piston
and rod actuated for working a jumper " drill D and D', the
exhausting action being regulated by hand by the valve A³ and
handle A which is similar to the working valve of a steam hammer,
the piston and drill being raised by the exhausting action above the
piston in the cylinder B, and the descent caused by the valve being
closed to the pipe F and open to the atmosphere, to allow the piston
and drill to fall by their gravity; a handle D" being provided to turn
round the jumper drill D.
The essential, new, or improved feature of this part of my Invention
is the employment of steam inducing ejectors as described, to actuate
motive-power engines by exhaustive currents or jets; though I prefer
the annular steam inducing jet nozzle A', as described, as the most
efficient for this purpose, yet I may use any of the forms of inducing
jet nozzles described on Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of my Drawings for this
means of transmitting power by exhausting atmospheric air, as
described.
Another mode or means of applying the improvements under the
second head of this my said Invention consists in actuating motive-
power engines by heating water and generating steam in a boiler
similar to the process of generating steam for a steam engine, but
instead of the steam being taken or led in pipes to expand and transmit
its force to a piston, or any impelled equivalent, I draw or take off
the water in the boiler to propel or actuate engines, returning the
same again to the boiler in a continuous or approximately continuous
stream; the steam generated in the boiler to be led off to an injector
at or near the ingress end of the water return pipe to the boiler, to
induce and force back the water into the boiler, and by the action of
the steam in this way maintain the continuity of the impelling water
current. Wheels or turbines similar to those used generally as water-
power engines, connected to and between the egress and ingress end
of the water pipe from and to the boiler, are suitable as motive wheels
for taking the power from the water in motion; by these means and
by suitable means for regulating the returning currents reciprocating
piston motive-power engines under some circumstances and conditions
can also be advantageously actuated in this way.

page_text: On Sheet 7 of my Drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation showing all
the working parts in section, and Figure 2 an external plan, showing
an ordinary vertical dome, and internal fire-box boiler, having a funnel
from the side of the fire-box to convey away the smoke and waste
gases, safety valve, and the ordinary mountings for a steam engine
boiler, and arranged to actuate a motive wheel by water from the
boiler, as described, the motive wheel with its case and parts being
similar to that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2, on
Sheet 4 of my Drawings. A steam pipe A, conveys steam from the
boiler to an annular inducing jet nozzle A', similar in construction
to that described in connection with Figures 3 and 4, on Shect 4 of
my Drawings, the steam pipe A having in it a regulating stop-cock
A The water pipe B is fixed and jointed in the top of the boiler,
descends down into the boiler below the water line, and is carried
round and down as shown, and connected to the induction port B
of the motive-wheel case B2, and the return pipe F is connected to
the exhaust port B5 of the motive-wheel case B', and carried down,
round and up, in an ascending direction, so as to join the annular
inducing jet nozzle A'. The ascending part of the returning water.
pipe F being provided with a cylindrical jet nozzle F', to which the
boiler feed water pipe G and regulating stop-cock G', is connected.
The annular jet nozzle piece A' is carried forward and terminated
in the cylindrical jet nozzle A³, inside a waste steam and water chamber
F, which is provided with a branch pipe F3, to which a closing cock E
and steam and water pipe E' is connected and continued on to discharge
the waste water and steam into the cistern E". The waste steam. and
water chamber F is provided with an expanding throat channel F'
proportioned to the area of the jet nozzle A³, and is set in line and
opposite to it. This throat channel F has cast on its top end a
valve chest F5, which has fitted in it the two self-closing and opening
hinged valves and f', the ascending return pipe Fª being connected
to this chest, and ascending up through the centre of the boiler fire-
box I, as shown, and enters and is jointed in the centre of the crown
of the fire-box plate, and terminated in a jet nozzle F' opposite the
bell mouth of the forcing or eduction water pipe B, the water from
the boiler being prevented from passing down through the pipe E',
by the self-closing valves f and f'. To cause the water to circulate, to
assist the action of the upward current, an annular shell plate H, H,
is placed in the centre of the water space between the fire box plate

page_text: and the outer shell plate, which has the well known effect of causing
a current of water to pass downwards close to the comparatively cold
outer shell plate, as indicated by the arrow, and an upward current]
close to the fire-box, as indicated by the arrows, and thereby gives
a circulating motion in the direction of the current required for the
water passing out at the mouth B" of the eduction pipe B, and slightly
assists the action of the inducing annular steam jet nozzle A'. Thus
arranged and steam generated in the boiler, and the steam cock A
opened, as also the feed water cock G' and waste steam and water
cock E the water from the boiler ascends up through and round the
pipe B to the induction port B' of the wheel case B2, giving motion
to the motive wheel C, and passing from the exhaust port B³, in the
motive wheel case, enters the return pipe F, and round, up, and into
the annular steam inducing nozzle A', as shown, getting its motion.
greatly accelerated by the steam, and thence issuing from the jet
nozzle A³ passes up the throat channel F', and starting up the valves
f and f', ascending up the pipe F, enters the boiler, and issues from
the jet nozzle F, and in this way courses round the pipes as indicated
by the black arrows, and gives motion to the motive wheel C, as
indicated by the arrow on the case B³.
Figure 3 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 4 an external
end elevation of a similar motive-power engine impelled by water,
a common Cornish boiler I being employed to generate steam to
induce back the water and contain the necessary volume of water
for circulating through the pipes and for the generation of steam.
Except in the form of boiler used, and in the disposition of the pipes,
there is no substantial difference in this engine from the one last
described, in reference to Figures 1 and 2, and the same letters of
reference indicate the same or like parts in this modification as in the
previous, and therefore further description is unnecessary,
the slight
differences being evident from the Drawing. Instead of the cylindrical
jet nozzle for admitting the feed water employed in Figures 1 and 2
an annular jet nozzle F¹ is here used; the arrangement of this feed
water nozzle will be better understood from the enlarged external
plan Figure 5, and sectional elevation of it shown in Figure 6, the
fced water is admitted to the annular space of the nozzle Fl by
the water pipe G, and the steam admitted to the annular space of
the steam jet nozzle A' by the branch pipe. A. By this arrangement,

page_text: there is an outer or thin surrounding stream of cold water injected into
the main stream, coursing through the pipes, which, by its close
proximity to the steam nozzle A', does not get time to be raised to
the same temperature as the water in the centre of the moving water
column, until it reaches the steam from the annular jet nozzle A',
and in this way secures greater condensation and better motive effect
and absorption of heat, from the steam, than if the water were admitted
by a cylindrical jet, as described in connection with Figures 1 and 2.
The course of the currents and motion of the motive wheel in this
engine (Figures 3 and 4) are as indicated by the arrows.
Figure 7 is an external elevation, and Figure 8 an external plan of a
common vertical dome steam boiler, similar to that shown in section in
Figure 1, employed to actuate a reciprocating piston motive-power
engine B, the arrangement of which will hereafter be described on
Sheet 12 of my Drawings. The impelling water current is led in this
example near to the bottom of the boiler I by the pipe B direct to the
motive engine, and is shown fitted with a regulating stop-cock, the
return current pipe F ascending up to an equalizing chamber F, "into
which the returning water first enters before it passes down through the
steam inducing injector and injecting throat pipe. The object of this
regulating chamber Fa is to receive the intermittent discharges of
water from the reciprocating engine B'; and as there will always be
steam or vapour, more or less elastic, vapour will collect in the top of
the chamber Fs, and thereby act like an air vessel in the forcing pipe
of a forcing pump, and so tend to equalize the jet passing down through
the nozzle A3 and throat pipe F* into the boiler. By this or similar
means of rendering the exhaust current from reciprocating engines con-
tinuous or approximately so, it is intended to give motion to this or
any ordinary form of water engine.
As the injector pipes and other
parts. are otherwise the same in this engine as those described in con-
nection with the foregoing Figures on this Sheet, and the same letters of
reference referring to like parts, it does not require further description.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 10 an external plan of
a similar common vertical dome boiler to that described in connection
with Figures 1 and 2 and 7 and 8 on this Sheet, with the same or similar
arrangement of steam and water pipes with a return water inducing.
injector arranged to work a water ram B³ working in a cylinder B,
having a chain pulley fitted on the bottom end of the cylinder, and a

page_text: corresponding pulley on the top end of the ram for passing over the
chains to increase its lifting traverse, being the common lifting ram
and appliances of a hydraulic hoist, which need not be here described.
To actuate this reciprocating ram B the steam generated in the
boiler I, and producing a consequent pressure on the water in it, the
water is withdrawn from the boiler by the common three-way cock J,
which allows the water to flow down through the water forcing pipe B
into the cylinder B, and forces up the ram B; on turning round the
handle J of the three-way cock J the communication with the boiler is
closed and a communication established between the pipe B and the
return pipe F, and at the same time the steam cock A being opened
the water flows out of the cylinder B³, and allows the ram B³ to return
by its gravity or by the action of the resistance to the ram. The water
flowing up the return pipe F through the returning injector A¹. As
the arrangement and action of the pipes and injectors are otherwise the
same as that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2, and 3 and 4.
and the same letters of reference referring to like parts, this modification
does not require other description. This arrangement for working rams
and pistons for hoists and similar purposes, from the facility for
regulating.the motions and simplicity, has many advantages which hoists
actuated by steam do not possess.
Figure 11 is an external elevation, similar to that shown in Figures 53
and 54 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, showing an inducing injector A'
and return pipe F connected to it. While these motive-power engines
may as shown be connected to a common steam boiler and the water
returned direct to the boiler, yet they may also be wrought by a separate
vessel filled with water and steam or vapours, or as described in reference
to Figures 53 and 54 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, and the actuating or
inducing steam either generated in a separate common boiler or by one
of my steam or vapour generators described in connection with the first
three Sheets of my Drawings.
The essential improvement or feature of novelty in this part of my
Invention so far described in reference to the various Figures on Sheet 7
consists in withdrawing the water from the boiler or vessel containing
water and steam under pressure, to actuate motive-power engines, and
to induce or force back the water so employed to the boiler or water
reservoir by a steam inducing jet or jets, any known effective form of

page_text: steam injector being available and intended to be used for returning the
water to the boiler or reservoir.
Another part of my Invention under this second head or section, and
somewhat similar to that last described, consists in mechanism for giving
motion to water by steam injectors in a return stream or current to
actuate turbines or motive wheels, or to give motion to a hoist piston
by forcing action on one side of the piston and exhausting action on
the other.
One modification consists in an endless annular pipe or channel, in
which is cast on one side and somewhat less in diameter a case to
receive a motive wheel similar to an undershot water wheel, the annular
pipe or channel entering into and out of the case in a circular and
unbroken course, motion being given to the water to actuate the water
wheel by an inducing and forcing jet of steam or steam nozzle or
injector.
Figure 12 is a side elevation, partly in section, and Figure 13 au
external elevation of a motive-power engine arranged to be actuated in
this way.
The form of the motive-power engine B used is similar to
that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 4 of my
Drawings, which can be referred to. Steam is led from a boiler by the
pipe A to the annular steam jet nozzle A', regulated by the steam
cock A. To the discharge side of the steam injector A' is connected
a segmental pipe B which, as shown, extends, round and is connected to
the induction port B' of the motive engine B2; and to the exhaust port
is connected the segmental return water pipe or channel piece F which
is carried round, as shown, and connected to the inducing side of the
annular steam jet nozzle piece A¹. The jet nozzle piece A', pipe B,
portion of the motive wheel case B2, and the pipe F forming a con-
tinuous circular or annular channel, into which the vanes of the motive
wheel C are free to dip as it revolves. The return pipe F has cast on it
a sole plate for forming a base for the engine, and is provided with a feed
water branch pipe e for carrying away water to feed the steam boiler, a
waste water branch and pipe E', and a water supply jet nozzle F' and
pipe G. Thus arranged, and a small jet of water being made to enter by
the jet nozzle F' until the annular channel and pipe channel B, B, and
F, F, are filled, and thereafter steam admitted to the annular steam jet
nozzle A' through the steam pipe A, motion is given to the water in the
channel in an endless and returning stream, causing it to course through

page_text: the segmental portion of the motive wheel case B2, between the induc-
tion and exhaust ports B' and B, and give motion to the motive wheel C
by impinging on its vanes c. The quantity of water admitted by the jet
nozzle F' should be such as will keep down the temperature of the water
in the endless channel, the waste heated water being conveyed away by
the waste steam pipe E'. The centrifugal force of the current of water
in the channel keeps the water out of the central parts of the motive-
wheel case, and the height of the waste water pipe E' is regulated to
give sufficient head to balance the centrifugal force of the water in
motion. The motion of the engine and course of the currents are all
as indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 14 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 15 an external end
elevation of a cylinder B* fitted with a piston B, arranged to be actuated
by a return water current wrought by a steam injector. The piston
rod B³ and cylinder B is fitted with pulleys for having a hoist chain
passed over them, as described in connection with Figures 9 and 10, and
this part need not again be described. A water pipe G conveys water
to the small tank K, which has on its under side the branch pipe K',
regulated by the trottle valve K, and admits water into the pipe F and
cylinder B until they are filled. In this state with water on both sides
of the piston, on steam being admitted to the annular jet nozzle A', and
the throttle valve K closed, or nearly closed, and one at L open, the
water is drawn out from the top side of the piston B³ and forced into
the under end of the cylinder by the injection nozzle A' until the piston
reaches the top of the cylinder or any intermediate point, as may be
required. On the steam being shut off from the injector A', and the
regulating throttle valve closed, the piston and water in the cylinder will
remain without motion, but on opening the throttle valve K the piston
will descend to the bottom of the cylinder by its own gravity, or be
assisted by the action of the hoist chains over the pulleys, the throttle
valve Lor any equivalent valve affording handy means for regulating the
motion of the piston B". The water tank K is provided with a branch
pipe e for conveying the water in a hot state for feeding the boiler, in
this modification, the heated water ascending up through the branch
pipe K', and the cold water passing down alternately will keep the tem-
perature of the water in the cylinder B sufficiently low for the steam
injector to act. The essential improvement or feature of novelty in this
part of my Invention, as described in reference to Figures 12 to 15 on

page_text: Sheet 7; is the mechanism arranged to actuate motive-power engines by
returning water currents essentially as described.
Another modification of carrying out the improvements under the
second head of this my said Invention, consists in mechanism and modes
for the utilization of waste heat or force from exhaust steam or vapour
from motive-power engines by a current of air heated therefrom, which
current is generated when in process of expansion from the heat utilized,
the mechanism and modes being similar to some of the apparatus
described under the first and second head of this my said Invention.
A current of air may be caused to flow up through a conical or trumpet
shaped pipe or heater, as described in the first part of this Invention, for
generating steam, the central flow of air to be allowed to mix with, or
be kept separate from the steam or vapour or heating media. The heat
or force may be utilized in two ways; first, by causing an exhausting or
condensing action on the piston or equivalent motive parts of motive-
power engines; and, second, by causing the air to be heated to flow into
the boiler or steam generator furnace to support combustion or be caused
to actuate an engine. Where the heated air is not so utilized, the
exhausting or condensing action of the current of air may be increased
by the waste gases being made to flow into the trumpet exhausting pipe
to expand and increase the current of cold air entering at the exhausting
end of the conical heater or exhausting pipe.
The
On Sheet S of my Drawings Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an
exhausting trumpet-shaped pipe or channel adapted for being coupled to
the exhaust steam port of a cylinder reciprocating steam engine for
causing a partial vacuum on the exhaust side of the piston.
apparatus is simply of a round form throughout in transverse section,
except at the branch pipe connections, and therefore does not require a
The exhaust steam pipe or
plan for its form to be easily understood.
port from the engine is connected to the branch pipe A which conveys
the steam into the annular jet nozzle A', which is similar to that
described in connection' with Figures 16, 17, and 18 on Sheet 1 of my
Drawings, but has in this case the central piece adjustable by a lever
and extended down into an induction pipe B for the induction of cold
air, the pipe B being moved up or down through the stuffing box B' by
the hand lever B' so as to close or open' to any required degree the
annular jet nozzle opening A¹. To the jet nozzle piece A is connected

page_text: the trumpet-shaped expanding channel c which opens at the top out to
the atmosphere. The expanding channel C has fitted into it a branch
pipe D, which is shown bent upwards and terminated in a cylindrical jet
nozzle D. This branch pipe is led outwards and connected to the
furnace or waste heated gases flue from the boiler furnace at any con-
venient point for the induction of the heated gases from the furnace
with the expanding channel C. The expanding channel C is further
provided with an annular condensed water trap C', from which the
water as it is trapped is carried away by the branch pipe C which being
in a hot state is advantageously available for being carried away to feed
the steam boiler or generator. The action of the apparatus is as
follows: On steam from an engine being passed through the branch
pipe A and through the annular nozzle A', which may at starting be
advantageously contracted by the sliding induction pipe B being pushed
up by the hand lever B so as to make the issuing jet of steam from
the annular jet nozzle A' issue with considerable force until the air
current is started rightly, causing thereby at first a little back pressure
on the piston of the engine, but as soon as the current is started the
sliding piece B is drawn down to give the steam from the engine free
escape at the annular nozzle A'; the cold air being induced in through
the pipe B ascends up through the expanding channel C in swift
motion, and as it passes the annular jet nozzle A', together with its
motion and refrigerating action, causes a partial vacuum in the exhaust
pipe A and on the piston of the engine, and thereby to some extent
utilize the heat from the waste steam. The exhausting action of the ex-
panding channel C can, when convenient, be increased by a pipe D being
led to the funnel or flue of the boiler, and terminated in a jet nozzle D'
in the expanding channel C. The heated gases being thereby induced
into to the heated air and steam, and being of a higher temperature
than the steam and air in the channel C, further expands it, and increases
the draught and consequent exhausting action, the area at the top end
of the expanding channel C should be of such a proportion as to cause
the mixed steam and air to escape at a slow motion or with little force.
In this arrangement of air exhausting channel a large proportion of the
steam is not condensed into water, but escapes mixed with the air. The
water from condensation in the channel C adhering to the surface of the
channel is in its descent trapped by the annular trap C¹, and conveyed
away by the branch pipe C; the course of the currents is as indicated
by the coloured arrows,

page_text: Figure 2 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 3 a
plan, of an
expanding channel and air jet steam condenser for piston steam engines.
The expanding channel C being shown in section in Figure 3, through
the line 11 in Figure 2, this modification of a steam exhauster or
condenser is adapted to give a more perfect vacuum and more effective
condensation than that described in connection with Figure 1, the air
requiring a forcing pump or other forcing apparatus to give intensity to
the jet or current, and the heat abstracted by the air from the steam is
utilized by leading the air or exhaust current away to the fire-grate of
the steam generating furnace to support the combustion of the fuel.
The exhaust pipe or port of the steam engine is connected to the branch
pipe A, which admits the steam to the condensing chamber A, and the
cold air pipe B, which is carried up through the condensing chamber A",
and terminates in a cylindrical jet nozzle B' opposite the induction
end C of the expanding channel C, is connected to an air forcing pump,
which causes the air to flow through it, and issue from the jet nozzle B'
at a high speed and pressure; the expanding channel C may be, as
explained, led to the boiler furnace to support the combustion of the
fuel. The cold air rushing across the space in the condensing
chamber A, between the nozzle B' and the throat of the inducing
pipe C of the expanding pipe C, has a refrigerating effect, and condenses
or partially condenses the steain, giving to the cold vapour as it
approaches the jet an eddying motion, and causes the water of con-
densation from the condensed steam to pass over the curved surface A*,
and drop from the depending edge A", as indicated by the arrows. The
condensed water is withdrawn by the boiler feed pump through the
branch pipe A; the course of the currents being as indicated by
coloured arrows.
Figure 4 is an elevation, and Figure 5 a plan of another form of air
jet steam condenser, having an initial forced air jet, drawing or inducing
in another at the pressure of the atmosphere to condense the steam,
which arrangement admits of the air pumps or other air-forcing.
apparatus being much smaller compared with those required for working
the modification just described. The branch pipe is connected to the
exhaust pipe or port of a steam engine cylinder, admitting the steam to
the condensing chamber A, and the branch pipe B is connected to the
forcing or discharging pipe of an air pump, forcing in at a pressure of
about twenty lbs. to the square inch section, and into the chamber B³

page_text: from thence it passes through the branch connection B, and issues
from the annular jet nozzle B'. This annular jet nozzle B' is set so as
to give only sufficient arca calculated to the volume of air discharged
through it by the pump to give the requisite pressure, force, or speed
of air jet, the intermediate chamber B acting as a reservoir to com-
pensate for and cause the intermediate discharge of a reciprocating
pump to flow through the nozzle B' in an equable jet of air or nearly so.
The jet of air from the nozzle B' thence flows up through the short
narrow annular space C³ formed between the inner surface of the
expanding pipe C and the outer surface of the short truncated conical
inner expanding pipe piece C', and thence issuing into the main
expanding pipe C. This annular air jet being made to issue or play as
described induces air from the atmosphere up through the central pipe b
and short pipe C into the main expanding pipe C in great volume, so
that there is a great volume of cold air made to play up through the
condensing vessel A and exposed to the steam without any intervening
plate between the annular jet nozzle B' and the induction nozzle C of
the short pipe C, and rendered capable of preserving its course and
motion against the tendency of the vacuum in the condensing vessel A
to draw it inwards, and refrigerating the condensing vessel A2 in its
passage, and condensing the steam introduced into it, the whole large
volume of the air passing up into the expanding pipe C being protected
from being drawn in by the vacuum or partial vacuum thus formed in
the vessel A by the thin annular stream or jet of air issuing from the
annular jet nozzle B'. The portion of the water from condensation that
passes up through the annular space C along with the high pressed
stream of air is trapped by the annular trap C', and led off this the
branch pipe C3, the condensed water from refrigeration in the condensing
vessel A being drawn or led away through the branch pipe A by a
pump or injector to feed the boiler. The heated air passing up through
the expanding pipe C may be utilized by being led to supply the boiler
furnace, or may be with a more contracted channel or pipe made to give
with advantage motion to a turbine, the course of the currents being all
as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 7 in part a sectional plan
of a similar description of condenser to that just described in connection
with Figures 4 and 5 to act with an annular jet of forced air and induced
central column of air from the atmosphere, but instead of the wate

page_text: induced up by the forced jet of air being trapped up in the expand-
ing pipe C, a large annular trap C' surrounding the condensing
vessel A is provided, from which the water escapes by the jet pipe C³,
impelled by the pressure from the inflowing jet of air and water from
the action of the air jet from the annular nozzle B' in through the
annular passage C³. A cock C is kept sufficiently open to allow the
air from the trap vessel C' to escape, but to keep up a pressure in it;
the water escaping by the jet pipe C to the small ejector C" induces out
the water from the refrigerating condensing vessel A" by the branch
pipe A, and causes all the condensed water to escape by the throat
pipe C. The other parts of this condenser being similar to that
described in connection with Figures 4 and 5, and the same reference
letters referring to similar parts, they need not be further described. The
course of the currents is as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 9 a plan, of a similar
condenser to that described in connection with Figures 4 and 5, and 6
and 7, but instead of the air current floating upwards, as in these, it is
here caused to flow downwards, and the water from condensation by the
air jet or current before the nozzle B' and form refrigeration, induced
down together into a trap chamber C' below the condensing chamber A².
The air that passes down through the annular throat C along with the
water into the trap chamber C' is carried away by the pipe c into the
inner air pipe or chamber C', and escaping by the nozzle jet c' into the
expanding air pipe C with great force, increases the speed of the main
refrigerating current; the water from the trap chamber C' is led away by
the branch pipe C The action and other parts of this condenser being
the same as that described in connection with Figures 4 and 5, and 6
and 7, the same letters referring to like parts, they need not be described
again further. The course of the currents being as indicated by the
coloured arrows. A small water pipe a is introduced into the channel A²
to assist the condensation.
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 11 an external plan
of a somewhat similar condenser to that just described, but instead of
high pressed air being passed through the annular jet nozzle B' to
induce in the large central inducing column of air from the atmosphere a
thin annular jet or film of cold water is used, the central column of cold
air in swift motion keeping the small quantity of water used sufficiently
cool to condense the steam, and the annular film or jet of water in

page_text: motion from the jet nozzle B' were exposed to the heat and vacuum of
the condenser, preventing the air from getting into the condenser, this
condenser being as it were a water jet condenser with a core of air to
carry off the heat, so that a greatly diminished quantity of water can be
used compared with the quantity used by the common form of water
condenser, and admits also of the waste heat being utilized in the form
of heated air. The branch pipe A is connected to the exhaust pipe or
port of a steam engine, and the steam admitted to the refrigerating and
condensing chamber A, and water is admitted by the branch pipe B to
the annular jet nozzle B' causing a thin annular jet to flow downwards
across the space from the nozzle B' to the throat C of the chamber
piece C', which is open to the condensing vessel A and thereafter
descending down through the annular space C into the water trap
chamber C, and thence flowing out by the branch pipe C the current
or flow of the water from the annular jet nozzle B' induces a current of
air to pass down through the central air pipe b, which air current passes
down through the centre of the water jet and through the expanding
pipe C, conveying away the waste heat from the refrigerating vessel A,
causing effective condensation and vacuum within it, and thence to the
piston of the engine. To increase the speed and cooling action of the
central current of air through the air expanding pipe C an annular steam
inducing nozzle D with branch pipe D' is provided of a similar form to
that described in connection with Figure 1 on Sheet 8, and the branch
pipe supplied with steam from the boiler; the courses of the currents are
as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 13 an external plan of
another form of combined air and water condenser, whereby a cooling
current of air is made to cool the water as it is ejected from a water jet
condenser, discharging throat pipe or channel, and the swift motion and
heat of the water ejected from the throat or nozzle pipe in the form
of a thin film or spray induces in a large central cooling current of
air, the air thus heated being discharged to the atmosphere or utilized
by being led to the boiler furnace, and the water thus cooled to be
returned and used over again as the cooling condensing media for the
exhaust steam, the external supply of cold water being chicfly such as
will make up for the water carried away in heated vapour by the cooling
air. The steam exhaust pipe or port of an engine is connected to the
branch pipe A, and admits the steam to the chamber A, and the small

page_text: branch pipe B admits cold water to the annular chamber B'. The steam
issuing through the narrow annular throat C induces in the cold water
from the annular chamber B' through the annular nozzle B³, condensing
the steam and forming a vacuum in the chamber As, and being ejected
by the condensing action through the annular throat C with great force
in a thin film, and as it ascends with spray up through the inner
expanding pipe C", and thereafter projected against the inner surface of
the main expanding pipe C, its swift motion and heat inducing in the
air by the pipe b, and ascending up through the throat piece C' and
inner expanding pipe C, and cooling the water in its course, is dis-
charged through the main air expanding pipe C The water thus cooled
adhering to the inner surface of the main cooling channel C falls by
its gravity after its force upwards is expended into the water trap C',
and thence passes into the annular water chamber B through the
openings c, and is re-ejected by the steam along with the cold water
from the pipe B up to the sides of the main channel C to fall down
to the trap C again, and thus a returning stream of condensing water
is provided. An overflow branch pipe C8 is provided for conveying
away the water to supply the steam generator. Although I have shown
these cooling currents of air passing in vertical directions only they
may be made to pass in any other direction. The annular form of nozzle
also, though obviously the best for these condensed currents of air at
different pressures and of water and air combined, a similar combined
action can be carried out with a square or any other form of enclosing
nozzle, or a flat jet in a U-shaped enclosing channel, or instead of one
several jets may be used. The novel and essential improvements in this
part of my Invention are the use of simple air jets, or a combination of
high and low pressure air jets, or of air and water jets, as described, for
utilizing the waste heat from exhaust steam, both for producing a
vacuum or partial vacuum in steam-engine cylinders and for heating a
current of air to be used for assisting combustion in furnaces or other
purpose.
..
Another mode of carrying out the improvements under this second
head of my said Invention consists in mechanism for working the con-
densers of piston reciprocating steam engines in lieu of the ordinary air
pump, and with water only as the condensing and refrigerating media,
consisting of a condensing vessel into which the exhaust steam from the
engine and cold water are made to enter, by preference in a thin stream

page_text: or jet, and in a downward vertical direction, to be regulated by a valve
opening inwards, loaded by the tension of a strong spring or other equi-
valent means, and in the bottom of the condensing vessel and opposite
the top valve a corresponding valve opening outwards is placed so that
the jet or stream of water passing through the top valve will play down
through the bottom one; underneath the condensing vessel a shallow
vessel is placed to contain a quantity of water around the foot valve, to
act as a water lute to keep it air-tight and to form a convenient means
to carry off the condensed and condensing water. A double-acting or
forcing pump is provided wrought by the engine and attached by its
discharge pipe to the jet valve chest in the condensing vessel, so as to
discharge a portion of water through the jet adjustable valve at every
stroke of the engine. The current or jet thus made to play through the
condensing vessel may also be made to flow through in some degree
continuously by having an air vessel placed in the connecting pipe
between the pump and condenser.
Figure 14 is a side sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in
Figure 15, and Figure 15 is in part an external plan and partially a
sectional plan through the line 2-2 in Figure 14, showing a condenser of
this description. The branch pipe A is connected to the exhaust port or
pipe of a steam engine, and the steam admitted to the condensing
chamber A, and water from the forcing pump is admitted by the branch
pipe B into the upper valve chamber B' which has in its under side a
wedge-shaped depending cavity B to the one side of which is fitted
and hinged a valve piece B³3, which has a lever piece cast on it and
is continued back and held close by it by the hinged rod B', which passes
up through a stuffing box into the water chamber B'; on this sliding
rod B is placed a spiral spring B³, which is adjustable to any required
tension by the adjusting screw and hand wheel B, which works through
a stuffing box placed in the cover of the water chamber B'. The end
walls or flanges of the wedge-shaped cavity B, in which the valve B³ is
hinged partly cut away to show the form of the flap valve B³, the air
flanges being continued back beyond the ends of the valve, so that when
it is forced open the only opening formed is a long narrow slit at the
under extremity of the wedge-shaped cavity B seen in plan in Figure 15
by the plan of the under and discharge valve cavity C3 which is the
same in form. This under discharge valve C is fitted with a similar
valve C3, having a hinged rod C fitted with a spiral spring C³, which

page_text: is also adjustable to any required tension for keeping the valve C³
closed by the set screw C in the same way as described for holding in
tension," and for giving opening play to the valve B being preferably
air-tight, the discharge water trap chamber C' has its outflow or discharge
branch pipe C somewhat higher up than the opening of the valve C³ so
as to keep it always water luted should the discharge pipe connected to
the branch pipe C be carried downwards from the condenser. To prevent
the inward rush or flow of the exhaust steam from the branch pipe A
disturbing the flow of the condensing water jet passing down through the
condensing chamber A2 more at one point than another, thin plates a, a,
are placed inside the condensing chamber A2 surrounding the condensing
water jet as shown and interposed between it and the direct play of the
steam current from the steam exhaust pipe A, the arrangement of these
plates being best seen in plan in Figure 15. They are perforated with
small holes in zig-zag positions at all parts except the part opposite the
pipe A, and cause the steam to circulate around the inner surface of the
condensing chamber and issue into the centre of the chamber A² towards
the condensing jet and equally all round it. Thus arranged on steam
being admitted by the branch pipe A from an engine, and water from
reciprocating pump admitted by the branch pipe B, the chamber B', the
valve B³ opens at every stroke of the pump, and a broad thin jet of water
is projected down through the condensing chamber A and into the
wedge-shaped cavity C³, causing the valve C³ to open and let it pass
into the trap chamber C', condensing the steam in the condensing
vacuum chamber A, and inducing by lateral action along with it the
water and air from the condensation of the steam, and by its force after
it passes the discharge valve C³ flows out by the branch discharge pipe C.
The course of the currents is as indicated by the black and coloured
arrows. In this part of my Invention the induction valve B³ and
discharge valve C³ may be of india-rubber, such as known as Prideaux
valve or any other convenient form, and the condensing jet may be
cylindrical or of any other section instead of the thin flat stream used in
the modification.
The essential improvement of this part of my Invention is the use
of a self-opening and closing induction valve for the injection water,
opening into the condensing chamber intermittently or with a pulsating
action by the force of water from a reciprocating pump, and provided
also with a self-opening and closing discharge valve which opens with

page_text: the impact of the water jet projected against it, the condensing water
jet inducing the water and air out of the condensing channel by
lateral action and without the use of an air pump, being a convenient
modification of what is known as a "blow through condenser" for
being wrought by the ordinary double-action water lifting pump by a
steam engine.
Another improved mode, means, and apparatus for the condensation
of the exhaust steam from steam engines for causing an effective vacuum
on the exhaust side of the pistons, and for discharging the condensing
water from condensation consists in using and injecting salt or impure
water for refrigerating and condensing and of retaining a great part of
the water from the condensation of the steam or vapour, free or nearly
free from salt or other impurities to serve for the boilers of marine or
other engines in lieu of surface condensers. This result can with slight
modification be effected by a condenser similar to the one just described
by having a wall piece or guard formed in the bottom of the condensing
vessel above the discharge valve, around the course of the injected stream
of salt or impure condensing water, and rising up above the bottom of
the condensing vessel to about one-fourth part of its height, this part
of the condensing vessel to form a trap reservoir for the water from
condensation of the steam or vapour as it falls down from the refri-
gerating effect of the cold water admitted into the condensing vessel
as in a vacuum or partial vacuum cold water in process of being.heated
radiates cold vapour from its surface. Steam when being admitted and
advancing to the water under this condition must be condensed at some
distance from the cold water surface; the stream or jet of cold water
passing down through the condensing vessel in swift motion projects from
its surface cold vapour in an outward and downward direction, giving
to the vapour in process of condensation a downward eddying motion,
and the water from condensation and vapour from the cold water falling
down will be trapped and collected in the trap chamber formed in the
bottom of the condensing vessel to be exhausted out by the feed pump
of the boilers.
Figure 16 is sectional elevation, and Figure 17 a plan of a condenser
arranged to act on this simple water jet refrigerating principle, in which
there is no lateral exhausting action by the condensing water on the
water or air from the condensed steam. The form of this condenser so
far as the admission of the steam and passage of the condensing water

page_text: through the condensers is concerned is similar to that described in
connection with Figures 14 and 15, and the same letters of reference
referring to like parts, and need not again be described. For effecting
the particular action described, a wall piece A" is fitted to the bottom
and inner surface of the condensing vessel A³, and surrounds the
condensing water jet and discharge valve cavity C³, forming thereby in
the bottom of the condensing vessel the water trap chamber A', which
is provided with a small branch pipe D for the water and air from
condensation being exhausted out by the boiler feed pump. To further
facilitate the refrigerating action of the downward current of con-
densing water, and prevent the condensed water getting in amongst
the condensing water, a series of thin guiding plates or "louver
boards" a', a', a', are made to surround the stream or jet of condensing
water, and cause the cold vapour arising from the surface of the water
to pass out between the spaces between them, to meet the steam as
indicated by the small blue arrows.
The action of this condenser is other-
wise the same as that described in connection with Figures 14 and 15,
and by it, though salt or impure water is used for refrigerating and
condensing, a supply of clean fresh water is obtained from the branch
pipe D for the boiler or boilers. The course of the currents are all as
indicated by the black and coloured arrows. Various arrangements can
be made of this mode and means of condensation, and the jet or jets of
condensing water instead of passing downwards may be passed in any
direction or over curved plates, on the top side of the condensing
vessel, in various ways to facilitate the condensation and deposition
of the condensed pure water from the impure condensing water.
Figure 18 is a sectional elevation through the line 1, 1, in Figure 19,
and Figure 19 is in part a sectional plan through the line 2, 2, in
Figure 18. In this modification of refrigerating and separating condensed
water condenser there are no inlet or outlet valves used to or from the
condensing chamber, the jets of condensing water being so regulated or
proportioned as to play through the condensing chamber, and into and
fill a throat pipe set opposite to it, and by its motion and filling the
discharge throat keep the condensing vessel air-tight. The steam branch
connection A is connected to the exhaust pipe or port of a steam engine,
which admits the steam into the condensing vacuum chamber A², and
the condensing water is admitted by the branch pipe B, from a head or
pressure into the water chamber B'; the bottom plate of the chamber B'

page_text: above the condensing chamber A is shown fitted with nine small
cylindrical jet nozzle picces B2, B2, B3, their nozzles B, B", B", projecting
into the condensing chamber A, their number and positions being
shown in plan by Figure 19. In the bottom of the condensing chamber
and opposite these jet nozzles are placed a corresponding number of
trumpet-shaped discharging throat channels C", C", slightly bell mouthed
but narrow, and of such a diameter at the throat orifices C, C, C, as
to admit of the water jet passing from the jet nozzles B³ to fill them.
These throat channels C open into the water trap chamber C', which
chamber is provided with a branch pipe connection C for conveying
away the condensing water, and the condensing chamber A³, or the
portion of this chamber A' which forms the fresh water trap is provded
with a branch pipe connection D, for being connected to the boiler feed
pump for conveying away the fresh water from the condensation of the
steam. The condensing chamber A2 is also provided with perforated
wall plates a, a, a, to keep the rush of steam from the engine through
the branch pipe A from disturbing the course of the water jet, as
explained in connection with Figures 14 and 15. Thus arranged and
steam entered into the refrigerating chamber A, and water admitted
through the branch pipe B into the water chamber B', the water flows
through the jet nozzles B down through the condensing chamber A³,
refrigerating and, causing the steam to condense and gravitate in the
state of water to the bottom of the condensing chamber, and into the trap
chamber A formed in it by the throat pipes C³, C, C", the condensing
water passing down through the throat channels C", C, C³, into the trap
chamber C', and discharged by the force of the jets by the waste water
branch pipe C, and the fresh water from the condensation of the steam
exhausted out by the boiler feed pump from the trap chamber A² by the
branch pipe connection D.
Figure 20 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 21,
and Figure 21 is in part a sectional plan through the line 2-2 in
Figure 20, of a similar condenser to that described, but instead of the
condensing water jets being made to play through the condenser
vertically they are made to play across and through the condensing
chamber A horizontally, and the water chamber and water traps some-
what differently arranged, there is otherwise no substantial difference
between this condenser and the one just described, and as the same
létters of reference refer to the same parts in each modification it will not

page_text: require to be again further explained; the course of the currents is as
indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 22 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 23,
and Figure 23 is in part an external plan and in part a sectional plan
through the line 2-2 in Figure 22, of a similar condenser to that
described in connection with Figures 18 and 19, but having the jet
discharging throat pieces C³, C³, C³, somewhat differently arranged and
cach mounted with a series of thin conical guiding plates a', a', a¹, on
the "louver board" principle for giving the motion of the cold vapour
arising from the surface of the water jets a downward direction, as
explained in connection with Figures 16 and 17. Otherwise this con-
denser is substantially the same as that described in connection with
Figures 18 and 19, and the same letters of reference referring to like
parts it does not require other description; the course of the currents
being as indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 24 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 25,
and Figure 25 is in part an external plan and in part a sectional plan
through the line 2-2 in Figure 24 of a similar condenser to that
described in connection with Figures 18 and 19, but having the branch
pipe to which is connected the steam exhaust port or pipe of the engine,
formed to pass down through the top condensing water chamber B', and
the steam branch pipe A narrowed into a cylinder jet nozzle A',
where it enters into the refrigerating vacuum chamber A*, the water
from condensation passing down through a throat pipe A placed in
line with and opposite to the steam branch pipe A conveying the
condensed water into the fresh or pure water trap chamber A', which
has formed in it the branch pipe D, which is connected to the feed.
pump or other water feed apparatus for the boilers; the condensing.
water entering by the branch pipe B into the chamber B', and passing
down through the jet nozzle B and the condensing chamber A³, and
through the throat pipe C into the condensing water trap C' escapes by
the branch pipe C. The same letters refer to the same parts as in con-
nection with Figures 18 and 19, and the course of the currents are as
indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 26 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 27, -
and Figure 27 is in part an external plan, and in part a sectional
plan through the line 2-2 in Figure 26. The condensing water in
this condenser is entered under the bottom side of the condensing

page_text: chamber A through the branch pipe B into the chamber B₁ and flows
upwards through the nozzle pieces B, condensing chamber A2, and
throat pipes C³, C³, into the condensing water trap chamber C', and
thence escaping by the branch pipe C. The steam being admitted, as
in the modification of condenser described in connection with Figures 24
and 25, by the branch pipe A and through the jet nozzle A' in a reverse
direction to the condensing jets, the fresh water from condensation
passing down through the throat pipe A³ and out by the branch pipe D
to be led to the boilers. In this modification there are 16 condensing
jet nozzles employed, and the same letters of reference refer to like
parts as in Figures 24 and 25 as in the other modifications, the course of
the currents is as indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 28 is a side sectional elevation, and in part a sectional elevation
through the line 1-1 in Figure 28 of a refrigerating water jet condenser,
in which the condensing water jet is made to pass through the con-
densing chamber over a curved plate, or one-sided duct or channel,
instead of a straight jet or jets free on all sides, as in the other modi-
fications shown on this sheet; otherwise there is no substantial
difference in this modification from these, and the same letters of
reference refer to like parts in each. Steam is admitted by the branch A
into the refrigerating chamber A, and the condensing water is admitted
by the branch pipe B into the chamber B' and issues into the condensing
chamber by the long narrow jet nozzle B, and thence passing over the
curved top plate of the condensing chamber A, as indicated by the
black arrows, enters the long narrow throat C, and passing through its
channel enters the condensing water trap C', and escapes by the branch
pipe C. Thin transverse guiding plates or "louver boards" a' are fitted
under the course of the curved stream or jet of condensing water to
direct inwards the cold vapour arising from the surface, in a similar
way as described in connection with Figures 16 and 17. The condensed
fresh water from the condensed steam is led off by the branch pipe D,
the course of the currents being as indicated by the black and coloured
arrows.
Figure 30 is a sectional elevation of a refrigerating water jet condenser
cylindrical in form, all except the branch pipes, and therefore a plan is
not necessary to explain its construction; its mode of action is similar
to that described in connection with Figures 18 and 19, but having only
one condensing jet nozzle and discharge throat pipe A³. The condensing

page_text: water branch pipe B is connected to an annular injector F, to the
annular space of which a small water pipe is connected from a pump
or other source of supply at a high pressure to induce in the cold water
by the pipe B, and to give where required to the outer ring or part of
the jet a higher speed than the central or induced part from the pipe B
in the same way as explained in using air currents in connection with
Figures 4 to 9, on Sheet 8 of my Drawings, for which effect the jet
nozzle 13 may be formed a little shorter than shown by the Drawing:
The condensing water discharge pipe C is here also provided by an
inducing or water exhausting steam jet nozzle E, having a steam branch
pipe E' for connecting to the boiler, the same letters of reference refer to
the same or like parts as in Figures 18 and 19, and the action is the
same, and need not be described. The course of the currents is as
indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 31 is a sectional elevation of a condenser similar to that
described in connection with Figure 30, but in this example the branch
pipe b of the annular injector F is connected to the steam boiler used
for starting the water current or jet through the pipe B. The branch
discharge pipe C for the condensing is also provided with a hinged
valve and chest, C, such as required when using a condenser of this
description for marine engines, the additional appliances as described in
connection with Figures 30 and 31 being when required applicable to
the other modifications of condensers described in this Sheet of my
Drawings. The essential improvements or new features of this part of
my said Invention (Figures 16 to 31) are the use of a jets or jets of cold
water to refrigerate and condense the steam so as to keep the water of
condensation from the steam separate, or in part separate from the con-
densing water, and the mechanism and modes for effecting this action,
substantially as described for producing a vacuum or partial vacuum to
actuate steam engines, and for obtaining pure water for the boiler.
Another improvement under the second head of this my said Invention
consists in a mode and mechanism for applying motive power, such as
herein-before described under the first and second heads of my Invention,
for the purpose of propelling ships or vessels, and for locomotives on
land, chiefly for lightness and simplicity and for the attainment of
higher speed than has been heretofore reached, particularly for water
conveyance, where higher speeds are still much wanted for passenger
traffic. The locomotive engine for railway carriages is still a very
:

page_text: complicated, cumberous, and expensive machine, and is itself generally
the greater part of the weight it has got to drag along the rails in an
ordinary passenger train, and its great unwcildy weight necessitates
particularly for passenger traffic proportionate weight and strength in
the railway rolling stock to withstand the jolts and concussions it is
necessarily subjected to, as also proportionate great strength, expense,
and great tear and wear in the roadway. For passenger traffic by water
carriage there is not much hope of attaining much higher speeds than is
already obtained with any reasonable expenditure of power without
having the vessels built very light, and for a light draught of water with
also some contrivance to relieve to some extent the bottom of the vessel
from the great friction incurred in a considerable surface passing over
water at a high speed. The means of propulsion I employ is the
reaction of jets of steam and air and also heated gases issuing out into
the open atmosphere, the currents so well mixed with the cold air before
they escape into the atmosphere as to be in large volume and at no
greater speed than is necessary for economical propulsion of the mass to
be propelled. In the generation and management of these currents I
also employ an advancing, exhausting, or suction action in combination
with the receding reacting action of the issuing currents, the mechanism
for producing these being similar to that described in the first and second
parts of this Invention, and particularly with reference to Figures 36
and 43, on Sheet 6 of my Drawings. Of late I have had considerable
experience in the useful application of currents of steam and air gene-
rated in this way, and what may seem chimerical to engineers without
knowledge or experience of these things is nevertheless a useful
mechanical agent for effecting many useful ends.
On Sheet 10 of my Drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation, in
section for the most part; Figure 2, an external or deck plan; Figure 3,
an external elevation of the "bows;" Figure 4, an external clevation of
the stern; Figure 5, a cross section through the line 1-1 in Figure 1, and
Figure 6, a cross section through the line 2-2 in Figure 1 of a vessel
built of steel plates ths of an inch thick, with proportionately light
frames, but having several bulkheads, and all to give the structure
sufficient strength for river traffic; all also of a weight to draw the depth
of water indicated by the Drawings. I do not show the structional
details of the hull, but only or mainly those that are necessary to show
the essential parts of this system of propulsion. The yellow coloured

page_text: space in the centre of the hull longitudinally indicating mainly the pro-
pelling current of air and gases, the spaces H, H, indicating the cabin
and deck, J forming the accommodation for passengers. The steam
boilers I and I are of the locomotive form, but any form that will give
great "steaming" power with little weight being suitable; from these the
steam pipe A, A. A, conveys the steam to the six annular steam jet
nozzles A', 'A', A', A', A', A', which induce in cold air from the "bows"
of the vessel through a corresponding number of channels A", A", A",
A", A, A, extending forward from the nozzles A' in a round form, but
assuming, as shown, a square form, as seen in Figure 3, and larger in
area when they reach the "bows." A corresponding number of jet
pipes A, A, A2, áre shown connected to the nozzles A', which have
formed in them the annular inducing ports a', a', a', a', a', a', for inducing
in the heated gases from the furnace. These annular steam jet
nozzles A', jet pipes A2, and inducing jet nozzles a', are the same as
those described in connection with Figures 36 and 43 on Sheet 6 of my
Drawings; Figure 43 showing the same arrangements as here used in
all its parts. The funnel pipes a, a, a, convey the waste gases to these
inducing nozzles a' by branch pipes a" to each, as shown, and connected
to the inducing nozzles a', and severally to the trumpet-shaped discharge
pipe F, F, F, which open out and discharge the currents of steam, air,
and gases firstly into the concave space F'; F', F', scen in Figure 5, and
thence into the long arched space F" extending underneath the deck
and cabin all the length of the vessel. To give the current thus dis-
charged volume and prevent it getting out to the main channel F at two
high a force and temperature, an oblong space B all the breadth or
beam of the vessel, and extending from the "bows" underneath the
channels A", convey air into the space F' after the currents receive the
waste heated gases; the current also being there induced in by the
discharge from the trumpet pipes F, and this out current issuing from
the concave channel F, as it flows out into the space F', also induces
in the air from the bows underneath the plate C₁, C, so that on all of
the area of the bows of the vessel there is an exhausting or suction
action, and all combining to force the current through the propelling
channel F", as indicated by the arrows, and discharge it at the stern,
thereby propelling forward the vessel as described. A current of air
generated in this way, and to a pressure of about half a pound to the
square inch, has also when so forced into the space below the vessel a
bouying-up tendency, and in the example shown, so great at their

page_text: pressure to bouy-up about one-half the weight of the vessel, and when in
motion proportionally lessens the draught, and so far relieves the hull
from the friction of the water. Instead of the square form of vessel
shown by these Drawings the hull may be formed of the section indicated
by the dotted lines K in Figure 5, which admits of greater strength with
the same materials than the square form; the form or section being sus-
ceptible of many modifications, the square form as shown, however,
giving least resistance to the motion of the vessel. The "bows" of the
vessel, as indicated by Figure 3, present only sharp edges to the water
and air, and the stern, as indicated by Figure 4, also sharp edges or
nearly so, so as to admit of the volume of propelled air to be as large
as practicable when it issues from the stern. At each keelson La
rudder M is fitted, which are arranged to be wrought, coupled together
by one tiller O, or other steering gear.
Figure 7 is an external longitudinal elevation, and Figure S, a deck
plan of a vessel of the common form, with two propelling boilers and
apparatus of a similar description. In this example the propelling
current is conveyed from the annular steam jet nozzle A to the stern of
the vessel in a propelling channel F on deck, and is of a square form
composed on the top and sides of a series of thin plates f³, f, f, which
on the top side are set level to the water line of the vessel, and on the
sides parallel with the midship line of the vessel, exposing therefore to
a direct head wind only the sharp edges of these plates, and necessarily
leaving a space at the edge of cach, which, as shown, are caused to
overlap a few inches like "louver boards," the spaces or openings thus
formed inducing in cold air by the force of the current, as indicated by
the small yellow arrows, and thereby increasing the volume of the pro-
pelling current issuing from the expanding propelling channel F³ at the
stern of the vessel. Cold air is induced in from the bows, in this
example, to the steam annular jet nozzle A' by the channel A", and to
current F by the channel B, otherwise the construction is the same as
described in connection with Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and the same
letters referring to like parts other description is not required. In this
example, however, provision is made for reversing the motion of the
vessel by reversing the motion of the current by a double or reversing
steam annular jet nozzle, as shown in section Figure 9. This nozzle is
the same in form as that described in connection with Figure 35 on
Sheet G of my Drawings, and does not require other description than

page_text: there given to make it understood. By this nozzle the cold air is induced
in by the channel F and forced out by the channel A", which propels
the vessel in the opposite direction or makes more astern.
Figure 10 is a side longitudinal elevation of a vessel propelled in a
similar way to that described in connection with Figures 7 and S, but
instead of an ordinary steam boiler 1 use a jet current vapour generator
for generating the actuating steam or vapour, as described in the first
section of this said Invention in connection with Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of
my Drawings, and therefore details are unnecessary to be given here,
otherwise the arrangements are the same as in Figures 7 and 8, and the
same letters referring to like parts, and need not be described.
On Sheet 11 of my Drawings are Drawings of a locomotive engine for
railway traffic to be actuated in this way, of which Figure 11 is an
external end and smoke box elevation, Figure 12 an external side
elevation, Figure 13 an external fire-box end elevation, and Figure 14
an external plan. The boiler 1 used is a common locomotive boiler, and
the framing H, with its axle boxes, axles, and wheels are also of the
common form at such parts, and do not therefore require any descrip-
tion. The water tank and coal bunker J is also. of the common form,
and does not necessarily require any peculiarity for a locomotive of
this description from that of an ordinary locomotive engine, although
changes both on the framing and other parts, chiefly for the sake of
lightness, could advantageously be made. In this description of loco-
motive dead weight in order to get "bite" on the rails is not necessary,
" bite "
onc object sought in its application being that it may
otherwise injure the rails as little as possible.
forms of parts in use partly that they may be readily understood and
partly to show the adaptation of these parts in use for being used for this
system of propulsion. A steam pipe A conveys the steam from the steam
dome of the boiler I to four annular steam jet nozzles A', A', A', A',
similar to those described and used in connection with Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, and 6 on Sheet 10 of my Drawings, the steam pipe having branches
to each, as shown, the steam being simultaneously admitted and
regulated to all of them by a regulating valve wrought by the handle K
above the fire-box door, which valve and handle are of the ordinary
form used in locomotive engines. Each pair of these nozzles A', A', on
cach side of the centre of the boiler are provided with a suction forward
or
I use these common

page_text: bell mouth piece A" through which cold air is induced with great force
by the steam jet, and ejected through each nozzle by a jet pipe F con-
nected to each, the positions and length of which will be best seen in
plan in Figure 14. A funnel a, seen in Figures 11 and 14, connected to
the top of the smoke box, is bent backwards between each pair of the
steam jet nozzles A', and terminates, as indicated by the dotted lines, at
the same point backwards as the four jet pipes F. Two suction air
spaces A, A, one under cach pair of suction bell mouths A", A",
induce in cold air underneath the jet pipes F, and is induced in by and
meets the joint currents from the jet pipes F and funnel a, all of
which are entered into a large expanding channel F, which, as seen in
Figure 12, extends backwards beyond the boiler fire-box and to the full
length of the carriage, and rests upon the top of the water tank J. This
expanding channel F', into which the joint currents from the four jet
pipes F, funnel a, and air passages A is ejected in large volume at a
high temperature and with great force, is composed of a series of thin
plates placed level longitudinally on the top side and overlapping each
other slightly, but from their general sliding positions allowing a small
space or opening between them, as seen in section by the last four
plates b, b, b, b, above the water tank j, seen in Figure 12, so that on
the top side of this channel F the advancing motion of the locomotive
presents the edges of the thin plate, f, f, to the air and the spaces
intervening between the plates as indicated by the small yellow arrows.
The side plates of this propelling channel F are placed parallel with
the central line of the locomotive, so that they also present their edges
only to the air from the ends of the locomotive. Owing to these being
a smaller forward inclination on the sides they are made fewer in
number than the top plates to allow ingress space between them for
cold air, seen in section in the plan Figure 14, the arrangement for
inducing cold air being nevertheless the same as on the top side. Thus
arranged, and steam admitted by the steam pipe A, an inward flow of
cold air suction or drawing forward action is produced in the bell-
mouthed suction air channels A" and A leading to the annular jet
nozzles A and to the inducing ends of the jet pipes F, as indicated by
the yellow arrows, inducing in also the waste gases through the
funnel a, and, as explained, entering the large expanding channel F
with great force and at a high temperature, and after entering on its
course through the channel F at every successive "louver board" plate
the current induces in an additional quantity of cold air, producing

page_text: therefrom a corresponding suction or drawing forward action, and
increasing the volume of the current, the temperature of the current
diminishing with each accession of volume both from quantity and
expansion, and is finally expelled in large volume and swift motion at
the end of the channel, assisting the forward suction propelling action
by a reacting propelling action, and which when the locomotive is in
motion at full speed escapes from the propelling channel F with little
force.
Figure 15 is a side elevation, Figure 16 a fire-box end elevation, and
Figure 17 a plan of a similar locomotive, but having a double annular
steam jet nozzle A', as explained in connection with Figure 9 on Sheet 10
of my Drawings, for producing reversing action. This difference, and
with the suction channel A" made a little longer, being all the difference
in this modification from the one just described, and as the same letters
refer to like parts, further description is unnecessary. It is also intended
to work or actuate locomotive engines of this description with the most
suitable modifications of my jet steam or water generators, described
under the first head or section of my said Invention. From its lightness
as compared with ordinary steam boilers it possesses peculiar advantages
for being used for purposes of locomotion in this way, as the removal
of dead weight makes this mode of propulsion applicable with more
advantage to inclines and light passenger traflic.
Figure 18 is a side elevation, Figure 19 an end elevation, and
Figure 20 a plan of a light locomotive with a steam generator I
of this description, as described in connection with the first three
Sheets of my Drawings, further description being therefore unnecessary
here. It is shown combined with passenger compartments on the
same frame H and the propelling channel F³ placed on the top of
the passenger compartments L, and in this way a simple and light loco-
motive carriage can be constructed, the course of the currents and
motion of the carriage being as indicated by the arrows, and the main
parts being similar to the other modifications described of these loco-
motive engines, the same letters referring to like parts other description
is unnecessary. An element in the calculation in the utilization of heat
or force applied mechanically in this way is the consideration that whilst
in a common locomotive engine fully one half of the heat or force of the
fuel consumed escapes up the funnel in the state of waste heated gases
and is quite wasted, by this plan the waste gases along with the steam are

page_text: all more or less utilized. The escape of the currents when the locomotive
is in full motion will not be materially much more of a nuisance (if any)
than that from a common locomotive engine, as the quantity in each
case, supposing the power the same, that must escape will be much the
same in both machines. The essential improvements of this part of my
Invention consist in the application of steam jet nozzles for the induc-
tion of cold air and heated gases from the furnace to produce a propelling
current as described, having a suction or induction channel "forward"
of the steam jet nozzles for cold air and successive induction openings
and channels for heated gases after or following the steam jets with
annular or otherwise formed steam jet nozzles, also the particular
arrangements and use of the similar steam jet nozzle A' and the forms of
propelling channels described for vessels and for the locomotives as
described to actuate or propel in either direction by the combined
current of steam, cold air, and gases escaping into the open atmosphere,
the currents being generated and made to act in a forward or backward
direction.
This said Invention under the third head or section consists in
improved mechanism and arrangement of parts of reciprocating piston
steam engines or fluid power engines, part of which mechanism and
arrangements being also suitable for measuring fluids. One principal
improvement under this head or section in its simplest form consists in a
cylinder and piston fitted with a strong piston rod continued into a guide
for steadying the rod, and the piston made somewhat greater in length
than the stroke of the engine and the cylinder made correspondingly in
proportion to give room for the piston and end clearances, and fitted with
covers and a stuffing box for the piston rod much in the usual way. A
strong lateral pin or arm about the same length as the stroke of the
engine is fitted into or upon the piston rod and gives or serves out the
power of the engine to the crank shaft. In one modification this arm
has formed on its end a ball or other spherically formed end, and fitted
upon this a correspondingly formed bush which is placed in a hole or
slot in a crank or disc which is keyed or formed upon the revolving shaft
usually termed the crank shaft of the engine. The inner surface of the
crank pin or arm bush is correspondingly spherical and formed in halves
to get it on to its seat; its outer surface may be round or square but
must have room in the hole or slot in which it is placed for a slight
"play" longitudinally in the direction of the length of the crank shaft,

page_text: the distance from the centre of this bush to the centre of the crank shaft
determining the "throw" of the crank, and as usual double this length
the length of the stroke of the engine. The crank and crank shaft thus
coupled to the piston rod on the piston being traversed from the end of
the cylinder besides longitudinal motion, the arm fixed to the piston rod
passing round with the crank bush also imparts to the piston and piston
rod a sectional, angular, or sectional twisting or turning reciprocating
motion and a corresponding angular turning or twisting motion between
the surface of the long piston and the internal surface of the cylinder.
This sliding twisting motion of the piston on the surface of the cylinder
is made available for opening and closing the induction and eduction
steam passages to and from the cylinder; the steam passages being thus
formed in the piston and cylinder no steam slide or other regulating
valves or motions are required for this form of engine.
The
On Sheet 12 of my Drawings, Figure 1 is an external side elevation;
Figure 2, a sectional plan of the cylinder and external view of the piston
through the steam and exhaust port through the lines 1-1 in Figures 1
and 2; and Figure 4, à longitudinal elevation of the piston through the
line 1-1 in Figure 3. In this modification there is one steam induction
port formed in the cylinder, and two exhaust. ports and two steam
passages only formed in the piston, which last condition forms the dis-
tinctive features of this modification. Steam is admitted to the cylinder
from the boiler by the branch pipe A, the inner end of which A', scen
in Figure 3, forming the steam induction port of the engine.
piston B when in the position shown by Figures 2, 3, and 4, has its steam
passage B' opposite the steam port A', in which state the steam flows in
through the passage B' in the piston, as indicated by the blue arrows
seen in Figures 2 and 4, the passage being, as shown by Figure 4, when
near to the end of the piston diverted inwards to the centre of the piston
and out at the end of it to allow space and body of metal around the
packing ring B³, and in which state the motion of the piston is as
indicated by the black arrow placed upon it in. Figure 2. The exhaust
steam from the opposite end of the cylinder at the same instant entering
in from the cylinder by the similarly formed passage B³, as indicated by
the blue dart, and escaping through the exhaust port A° passes out by
the exhaust branch pipe A, as indicated by the blue darts as seen by
Figure 3. When the piston B in motion, as indicated by the arrow placed

page_text: upon it, advances to the end of the cylinder the passage B' in the piston
gets twisted round by the action of the crank disc arm Dand piston rod C
until the steam enters in by the port A' into the passage in the piston 13
and the passage in the piston B' opens on the exhaust port in the cylinder
seen in Figure 3. becoming thereby an exhaust passage for the steam
from the other end of the cylinder, and when, by the crank or disc E
turning round, the piston gets to the middle stroke or middle of the
length of the cylinder the passage B is in the position in which the
passage B' is shown, and the passage full open upon the exhaust port A¹³
in the cylinder, and so on alternately, the passages B' and B in the
piston becoming alternately a steam induction and eduction passage. In
this modification there is no lap or steam cut off obtained to work the
steam expansively.
Figure 5 is also a plan of Figure 1; and Figure 6 is an end clevation,
the cylinder being shown in section, showing a form of cylinder and
piston somewhat differently arranged in the steam ports and passages,
but otherwise the same as described in connection with Figures 2, 3,
and 4. In this modification there is one steam induction port A' into
the cylinder as in the modification just described, but instead of two
exhaust ports there is only one exhaust port A2, which arrangement of
ports require a pair of steam induction passages B' and B2, and a separate
pair of exhaust passages B and B. The piston of the piston B in both
Figures 5 and 6 is shown as at the end of the stroke, and in Figure 6
the steam port A' is shown opening into the steam passage B in the
piston, and the exhaust port A in the cylinder is shown opening into the
exhaust passage B³ in the piston. The form of the steam passages in
the piston B' and B2 will be seen from Figure 5, which gives an external
plan of the piston, each of the passages opening into one end of the
cylinder underneath the packing ring B in the same way as shown by
Figure 4, and the exhaust passages B and B' shown in section in
Figure 6, are in plan exactly the same as the steam passages B' and B²;
both being arranged to keep the passages full open and with little or no
cut-off or lap to the end of the stroke; otherwise the action of steam
and exhaust ports as the piston is moved and the twisting action given
to thic piston and piston rod C by the arm Das the crank or disc E goes
round, and the action of the steam and exhaust port therefore is the
same as explained in connection with Figures 2, 3, and 4. In the

page_text: modification of steam and exhaust ports in the cylinder and in the
steam passages in the .pistons described in connection with Figures 2,
3, and 4, as also that just described in connection with Figures 5 and 6,
there being no lap on the passages in the piston, if the steam be made to
enter by the exhaust port it will escape as freely by the steam port, and
thereby by simply changing or directing the steam from the boiler to
the exhaust port instead of the induction port it will reverse the action
of the engine. Figure 1 and 6 show this engine. fitted with a common
four-way cock A to effect this action, which on the key being turned
changes the passages of the steam as explained, will effect this reversing
action described. The piston rod C is carried and oscillates in the
guide bush bracket C fixed upon the sole plate G, and the working
arm D which communicates the power of the engine to the crank or
disc E and crank shaft F is cottered into the boss Cs formed on the
piston rod, and on its working, and has formed on it the spherical
bush neck D', and the crank disc E has the hole or slot E' bored in
it into which the bush E formed in halves and turned on its outer
diameter fits the hole E', and turned in its inside to fit the spherical
end D of the arm D works the spherical form of the neck D' and
bush E, accommodating itself and working freely in all the positions
which the arm assumes in its revolutions round with the crank, a
slight traverse being also caused in the bush E in the hole E' in the
direction of the length of the crank shaft which the bush E is formed
to do. The crank shaft is set in the bush bearing bolted to the
sole plate of the engine G, and the outer end length set in bush
bearing F
The crank shaft has keyed on it a fly wheel H, which
completes this form of motive-power engine, the arrows only showing
the motion of the engine in cach modification in one direction, and
the blue arrows showing the steam currents, and blue darts the exhaust
currents correspondingly.
Figure 7 is an external elevation; Figure 8 a plan showing the
steam cylinder in section; Figure 9 showing another and inverted
vertical plan of the cylinder; Figure 10, an end elevation showing the
cylinder in section through the line 1-1 in Figure 8; and Figure 11,
a corresponding inverted sectional elevation through the line 2-2 in
Figure 9 of the cylinder and piston of the engine shown in Figure 9,
similar to that described in connection with Figures 1, 5, and 6, but
arranged to work the steam expansively, this arrangement of ports being

page_text: such as affords ready facility to form them to cut off the steam at any
desired point of the stroke from about one-tenth of the stroke to any
greater fractional part thereof, and having also the driving arm D,
bush F, and crank disc E somewhat differently formed. The steam in
this modification is admitted by the branch pipe A round the passage a
to the port A' underneath the cylinder, seen in section in Figure 10,
and exhausts from the top side of the cylinder by the exhaust port A
and exhaust branch pipe A4, the exhaust port in the cylinder and
exhaust passages B and B in the piston bearing on the top side. The
form of the exhaust passages B and B are seen in the plan Figure 8
given of the cylinder, which, as described in connection with Figures 1,
5, and 6, are formed the full length of the stroke of the engine, and
therefore give for nearly the full stroke a free exhaust for the steam,
the inverted sectional plan of the cylinder and external plan of the
piston B (Figure 9) showing the length and form of the steam ports
longitudinally, and the corresponding inverted sectional elevation
showing the ports in the cylinder and passages in the piston in section
through the line 2-2 in Figure 9. As it will be seen by Figure 9 the
steam passages in the piston are only left open towards the port or ports
of the length of the stroke, in this example about one-half the stroke;
the steam thereafter in its passage to the cylinder is cut off to this
extent, and the steam passage continued underneath the surface of the
piston, as indicated by the dotted lines and dotted arrows shown in the
port B¹.
In this way, as will be readily seen, by shortening the opening
or open part of the steam passages B' and B' in the piston out to the port
in the cylinder the steam cut off will be proportionately shortened, so
that within about the limits stated any degree of cut-off in the length of
the stroke can be effected, shortening the openings in the steam
passages B' and B, as described. The working of the steam ports and
steam passages are otherwise the same as described in connection with
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and the same letters referring to like
parts a further description of this part of this engine is unnecessary;
the motion is as indicated by the arrows, the steam currents indicated by
the blue arrows, and exhaust steam by the blue darts. The arm D in
this example has the spherical end or neck D' loose on its end to allow
the end play to take place in the parallel rent of the arm D, passing
through the spherical end or bush neck D', the crank E being provided
with a movable cover and bolts E³ for giving adjustment for wear, and
for getting in the spherical piece D'.

page_text: .
Figure 12 is an external side clevation, and Figure 13 a plan with
the cylinder shown in section and showing an external plan of the
piston; Figure 14 is an end elevation showing the cylinder with its
steam ports and passages in section through the line 1-1 in Figure 13:
The form of the steam ports in this engine are entirely similar to those
described in connection with Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, but have got
two sets of passages formed in the piston B and in a reverse way to
give reversing action. As these parts are the same and the same
letters of reference referring to like parts they need not again be
described; the ports in the cylinder and passages in the piston shown
out of action being left without letters of reference. Those shown in
action have the same letters in like parts as in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10,
and 11, and the courses of the currents and motion indicated, the
same arrows indicating the motion and the blue arrows and darts the
motion of the currents of steam. In reversing the currents the cylinder
is provided with two slide valves. The slide valve I seen in section
in Figure 14 having the steam port A' open to the casing, and the
slide valve J having the exhaust port A open, giving motion to the
engine accordingly. On the handle K being raised and the slide valve
I and J moved to the opposite ends of their casings, the other set of
ports and passages shown come into action, and the motion of the engine
reversed. The other parts of this engine being similar to those
already described, and the same letters of reference referring to like
parts other description is unnecessary.
All of these modifications of
engines on this Sheet of my Drawings, by making the ports or piston
passages without or with little cut-off of the actuating currents, are
suitable for being wrought or actuated by water or other liquids, and
it is intended to so apply them.
On Sheet 13 of my Drawings Figure 15 is an external plan, and
Figure 16 an external elevation of a combined high and low pressure
engine with cylinders, pistons, and all working details constructed in
this way, having one cylinder A" actuated steam from a boiler or
steam generator, and the exhaust steam from it conveyed to the
induction port of another similar but larger cylinder A, and the
exhaust steam from the larger cylinder A conveyed to a condenser a³,
forming thereby, what is known as a combined high and low pressure
The
engine or a non-condensing and condensing engine combined.
pistons of both cylinders A" and A are fitted on one piston rod C and

page_text: transmit their force through an arm C' to the branch E in the same
way as described in the various modifications of these engines on
Sheet 12 of my Drawings, the twisting or oscillating action thereby
communicated to the piston rod C regulating and working the steam
induction and eduction ports and passages of both cylinders A" and A
simultaneously, the steam ports and passages in the long pistons being
formed the same as described in connection with Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and
11 on Sheet 12 of my Drawings. The steam pipe from the boiler being
connected to the steam branch A formed on the top of the high pressure
cylinder A", and exhausted from it by its under side into the passage G¹
indicated by the dotted lines in the sole plate G, which extends to the
induction port on the under side and into the centre of the condensing
cylinder A, the exhaust port of this cylinder and exhaust branch
pipe A being on its top side and to which the bent pipe M connects
it to the steam branch pipe a of the condenser a³. This condenser is
generally similar in its construction to that described in connection
with Figures 14 and 15 on Sheet 9 of my Drawings, and the same
letters of reference refer to the same parts, only the letters are here
given in italics and need not be otherwise described. The condensing
water is discharged by the branch pipe c; a double acting water pump
is shown connected to the condenser by the pipe B for supplying it
with water and the same rod that works the pump N is extended and
forms the plunger for a feed pump O for the boiler, both being brought
from the piston rod of the cylinders C by an arm P having a double
jointed box by which it works loosely on the piston rod C and held
in its position by the boss of the arm D, and as shown extended and
made to embrace the pump rod N' on which it is keyed; the same
letters refer to like parts in this engine as in Figures 7 and 8 on
Sheet 12. This engine with slight modifications may be used as a
simple condensing engine by substituting for the high-pressure.
cylinder A" a guide for the piston rod or a water pump.
Figure 17 is an external elevation, and Figure 18 an external plan
of a vertical cylinder engine with an air pump N wrought by the
piston rod all fixed on a standard casting G. The form of the cylinder
of this engine and all its working parts are similar to those described in
connection with Figures 7 and 8 on Sheet 12 of my Drawings, and the
same letters of reference referring to like parts. It is further shown
having its exhaust port A³ connected to an air steam condenser a

page_text: similar to that described in connection with Figures 4 and 5 on Sheet 8
of my Drawings: The same letters refer to like parts on it as on
Sheet 8, but are here given in italics, further. description here is
therefore unnecessary. The motion of the engine, is as indicated by
the arrow on the fly wheel H, and the course of the steam and air
currents are as indicated by the coloured arrows.
:
Figure 18, A is an external side elevation, and Figure 19, an external
plain of a combined steam engine and pump or donkey pump," the
steam cylinder A" and all the working parts being similar to that
described in connection with Figures 7 and 8, on Sheet 12 of my
Drawings, and the same letters of reference referring to the same parts
in each. The pump N is also formed with a long piston, and with ports
and passages in it similar to that described as being wrought by steam
in connection with Figures 1, 5, and 6 on Sheet 12 of my Drawings;
the ports and passages being wrought by the same oscillating action of
the engine, and set the opposite way from that of the steam cylinder
ports and passages in the piston, so as to give a suction or induction
action when the steam is forcing in the cylinder A" on the same
side of its piston, and thereby cause the water cylinder to act as a
double-acting pump, the inlet and outlet being as indicated by the
black arrows. This arrangement makes an efficient
valves of any kind, and is suitable for both forcing and exhausting
purposes for liquids, air, or gases, and forms a very simple gas exhauster
for gasworks. Any ordinary form of pump can be and is intended to
be used connected to a continuation of the piston rod C of this form of
steam engine as a donkey pumping engine.
"
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pump
without
יד
Figure 20 is a front external elevation, Figure 21, a side external
elevation, and Figure 22, in part is an external plan, and in part a
sectional plan of a pair of these oscillating and reciprocatory cylinders
combined and connected to one crank shaft to act as a meter for
measuring liquids. The form of the ports and passages in the pistons
used are the same as described in connection with Figures 1, 5, and 6
on Sheet 12 of my Drawings, and the same letters of reference refer to
the same parts in these Figures as in this combination, and do not
require to be otherwise further described. The water enters by the
branch pipe A, and passing through the channels and ports indicated by
the arrows passes out by the exhaust pipe A5. The capacity of
the cylinders being made to any desired aliquot part or understood

page_text: quantity as indicated by an ordinary liquid index through the small
wheel P on the crank shaft gearing into the wheel Q, which has formed
on its spindle the small worm. R gearing with the worm wheel S, to
which an ordinary index can be geared, and forming thereby a complete
water meter. Two cylinders can be coupled in various ways as a
coupled engine, and this also illustrates one way of doing so. The
essential improvements or features of novelty of this part of my
Invention consist in the method of actuating the crank shaft by the arm
for giving an oscillating action to a long piston in which are formed in
part the steam passages to and from the steam or fluid room or space
in the cylinder, instead of the ordinary slide valve, and all in the new
or improved manner, and for the uses and purposes substantially as
described.
Another improvement under this third head is for the regulating and
governing the speed of fluid motive-power engines, and consists in the
usc of various equivalent forms of segmental turbine-formed wheels or
discs, or pendulous valve pieces, with a slanting opening or openings of
a "louver board" shape, or series of small vanes, on which the passing
current of steam or other fluid is caused to impinge, and balanced by
a spring or pendulous acting weighted lever connected to actuate or
shut off a throttling valve or disc, so arranged that when the engine
runs "
away at a speed beyond what is desired, and the steam or
actuating fluid correspondingly increasing in speed or force, this excess
of force will act on the vanes or "louver board" pieces, and so far
overcome the weight of the balancing spring or pendulum as to close
or throttle the passage of the fluid, so as to keep the speed of the engine
at or approximately at the speed or motion required, and that without
any mechanical gear connected to the moving parts of the engine. The
centre of gravity or vibration of the balance weight or pendulum may
be made to vary by the pressure of fluid or steam, and thereby give
more delicate regulating action. This apparatus acts both as a governor
and as a throttle valve suitable for marine and other engines, and the
position which the pendulous balance weight assumes will approximately
indicate the quantity of fluid or steam passing through it.
Figure 23 is a side elevation, Figure 24 a sectional elevation, and
Figure 25, a sectional plan of one modification of a motive-power engine
governor of this description composed of a circular case A with a steam
inlet branch pipe A and an outlet branch A, these branches being

page_text: about the same sectional area as the steam engine steam pipe to which
they are to be applied, and are placed in the steam pipe as part of the
pipe connecting the steam boiler to the engine. The case A is accurately
turned out, having a bush step A' bored in its bottom side, and faced
and fitted with a cover A" on its other side having a stuffing box and
guard A for the spindle of the turbine regulator seen in section in
Figure 25, the case A thus formed being a short cylinder, the circum-
ferential surface of which is bored out as described. It is not necessary
that the bottom and inner surface of the cover be faced, but only the
washer parts of the footstep A' and the inside washer around the bottom
of the stuffing box A³. A brass segmental valve piece B by preference
cast in one piece, and with two pairs of arms B' and B having a central
spindle piece turned to fit the step bush A' and the stuffing box A³
freely, and extending beyond it for the attachment of the pendulous
lever C on which the weight C' seen in Figure 23 is fixed. The armi
and segmental side pieces B', B', of the turbine valve piece B have cast
between them a series of small vanes b, b, b, seen in section in Figure 24,
and the arms B2, B2, have formed on their extremities the circumferential
valve piece B, the whole being "turned up" to fit the case and to
oscillate in it freely, accurate fitting not being necessary. Thus arranged;
and on steam being made to enter by the branch pipe A. and pass out
by the branch A³ so long as the speed of current passing through the
case, as indicated by the arrows, is of such a force as the weight C' on
the pendulum C may be adjusted to, it will remain near a perpendicular
position, as shown in Figure 23, there is no closing motion of the turbine
wheel B. but on the speed of the engine increasing and the current
proportionally increased, the current impinges with greater force against
the obliquely set vanes b, b, b, causing the turbine valve B to cut off the
space at B', and to turn round, as indicated by the dotted lines b' seen in
Figure 24, and narrow or close the branch pipe A, the pendulum C and
weight C assuming the position (or approximately so) shown by the
dotted lines C' seen in Figure 23, and in this way regulate the speed of
the engine. To prevent the pendulum C getting swung round too far, a
pin D is fixed in the case cover A", on which it is arrested when the
branch A is closed by the segmental valve piece B'.
Figure 26 is a similar arrangement of governor to that described in
connection with Figures 23, 24, and 25, but instead of the weighted
pendulum the lever C is kept in tension against the closing action of
the steam current by a "Salters" balance E, this or any other good

page_text: description of spring balance being the most suitable for marine and
other purposes where the position in which the engines are placed may
be unsteady.
For more delicate regulating effect Figure 27 is an external front
elevation, and Figure 28, a transverse sectional elevation of a similar
governor to that just described in connection with Figures 23, 24, and
25. In this arrangement the pendulum C is formed of the section shown
by Figure 28, being a closed vessel with only a small opening from it
through the spindle B" of the turbine valve B into the case A* from the
central chamber C3 in the pendulum as indicated in section in Figure 28.
On this closed pendulum C being first filled with air and then with
water until the central cavity C is full, the air will collect in the manner
of an air vessel on the top of the annular cavity C' and remain in the
state as shown in Figure 28, but on pressure being given to the columu
of water C from the motive fluid inside the case A through the small
hole in the centre of the spindle B³ of the turbine valve B, as shown in
the sectional view Figure 28, the central column of water gets
depressed and the water caused to rise in the annular chamber C', C',
correspondingly, thereby, extending down the centre of vibration of
the pendulum C, every increment of increase of pressure causing the
water to rise further in the annular chamber C', the limit to the exten-
sion downwards of the centre of gravity of the mass of water in the
pendulum being when the water line in the chambers C, C', are on one
level. In this way by the pressure of the steam increasing the length of
the pendulum is proportionally increased.
Figure 29 is a side sectional elevation, Figure 30 a sectional end
clevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 29, and Figure 31 an external
clevation of a modification arranged for the current to actuate the
segmental turbine valve B in line with its axis, instead of crossways as
in the last example, but having also the same arrangement of a series
of vanes b, b, b, and a closing or throttling valve piece B* on the opposite
face and branch of the case A2. The same letters of reference refer to
like parts in this modification, and its action is similar to that described
in connection with Figures 23, 24, and 25, and does not require therefore
to be re-described. The essential improvement of this part of my
Invention is the use of oblique vanes in connection with a motive current;
arranged to work a throttling valve by the impingement of the current on
a vane or vanes, as described.

page_text: The last improvement under this third head or section of my
said Invention consists in the transmission of motion at high speeds
for the motive-power engines herein-before described, by employing
on the engine crank shaft or first revolving shaft a wheel with a
broad rim, having a scat or channel cut in it, in which is placed a
leather belt in one or more breadths, having the one end passed
down through a cross slot in the rim of the. wheel, and secured by a
cotter or other means, and when passed round the rim and down through
the same cross slot as the other end is fastened in and brought down
and round upon a tightening roller placed in the arm or central
part of the wheel, so as to tighten up the belt as it extends in the
direction of the driving motion, which is caused to have a "tauting'
effect on the belt, the driven wheel to be a plain surface wheel and
formed of any suitable metal. In large wheels of this description the
best arrangement is to have the belt put on in two pieces or breadths,
and the cross fastening slot of each belt only formed half the breadth of
the wheel in cach, at different places, so as to have the joints at different
positions.
"
Figure 32 is a side clevation, partly in section, Figure 33 an edge
view, and Figure 34 a plan, partly in section, of a pair of wheels a, b,
formed as described in the main features, the centre arms and rim being
for the most part similar to an ordinary frictional wheel, the arrange-
ment being in this example for placing on the belt in two breadths. A
seat or channel A is cut in the rim nearly at full breadth to about
the same depth as the thickness of the belt, leaving only the small
ledges A', A, at the sides with a slot A half the breadth of the wheel,
and in width sufficient to take in both ends of the covering belt c, onc
end being first put in and fastened by a cotter A'; the other end is
passed round the wheel and down through the same cross slot A³ as
the other end, and wound upon a tightening bolt B, which works in
holes a, a, formed in the double flanges in the arm of the wheel a, and
in this way the belt is drawn on tight on the rim. The other half-
breadth belt e' is similarly fixed and tightened up by the tightening
bolt B', and both fixed so that the motion of the wheel a in transmitting
power from the frictional contact of the belt will tend to draw the slack
into the end to be wound on the tightening belts B and B', the slack
being wound up from time to time on the bolts as the driving action
causes the belt to become slack, the form of the rim of the wheel with
the covering belts put on being seen in Figure 1. Formed in this way

page_text: these wheels transmit the power of the engines with little friction on the
axis bearing, and with very little noise.
The new or improved motive-power engines herein described are
applicable to and are intended to be used for the transmission of motive
power for the various purposes for which stationary, marine, and other
ordinary motive engines have been used heretofore.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be performed or carried
into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion
to describe and delineate, as many variations may be made therefrom
without departing from the main or essential features thereof; neither,
on the other hand, do I claim having invented many of the details of
mechanical constructions and motions which I have had occasion to
describe for the purpose of making my said Invention properly under-
stood by themselves, as many of these have heretofore been used in
various forms of ordinary motive-power engines and machines, except in
so far as these are combined with, form part of, or constitute any of the
several improvements which I believe to be new and original, and there-
forc claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, namely, the construction and arrangement of the
parts of motive-power engines and fluid-measuring machines and their
uses, and modes and means of producing and using the motive fluids for
and through these engines and parts thereof, all substantially in the
new or improved manner herein-before described and distinguished as
forming this my said Invention, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Robertson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
JAMES ROBERTSON. (L.S.)
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Robertson, of the City of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
"NEW OR IMPROVED MODES OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER,
AND IN THE MEANS, APPARATUS, OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PART
OF SUCH APPARATUS OR MECHANISM BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MEASURING
OP FLUIDS."
Sealed the 12th January 1869, and dated the 14th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1868.
I, JAMES ROBERTSON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "NEW OR IMPROVED MODES OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE
POWER, AND IN THE MEANS, APPARATUS, OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR,
PART OF SUCH APPARATUS OR MECHANISM BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MEASURING
OF FLUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This said Invention under the first head or section consists mainly
and generally in new or improved modes of generating and heating
or producing fluid currents for actuating motive power engines generally..
A

page_text: And under the second head or section this Invention consists in new or
improved modes of transmitting motive power to, in, and through or by
mechanism or engines constructed so as to have one actuating fluid of
each motor introduced, forced, or injected in the form of a jet or stream
through an annular nozzle or other conduit made so as to draw another
or second fluid or fluids into and through the main duct, or it may be
the partially spent currents of the same actuating fluid or fluids which
have first passed through the motor as the actuating body; but which
have still some force, heat, or other property left which it is or may be
desirable and profitable to utilize either alone or along with the said
secondary induced fluids, or any desired proportion of these and the
partially spent or return currents, and in the directing and applying such
combined or compound currents, all so as to actuate the motive power
engine or mechanism by the force and expansion of such combined
fluid currents (whether liquids as water, or the more elastic gascous
fluids, such as air, steam, or the gaseous products of combustion, are
employed separately or jointly) in each or either of these cases, and
whether applied to rectilineal, reciprocating, or rotatory classes of
mechanical motors or engines, whether the initial or secondary currents
are produced in generators of the ordinary construction or by the new or
improved modes and means of generating them under the first head or
section of this said Invention.
And under the third head or section this said Invention consists.
mainly in new or improved modes of regulating the flow of the
actuating or measured fluids to and from the cylinders of recipro-
cating motive-power engines, fluid meters, or measuring machines, by
forming the ports in and through the working surfaces of the cylinder.
and piston so as to form also the induction or eduction valve or valves
and their fluid-tight working surfaces, and by giving the piston an
oscillatory motion on its axis in the well-known and proper sequential
time and relative position to suit that of its own longitudinal reci-
procatory motion instead of the separate slide and other valves usually
employed for the like purposes. The parts of this Invention under all
of these heads or sections are susceptible of very many modifications and
adaptations to suit the particular fluids and mechanical construction of
force-generating and transmitting apparatus or engine and the purposes
for which these are to be applied, some modifications only of which it is
considered necessary to herein-after and further describe in order to
provisionally specify the whole nature of the Invention and the means by

page_text: which it is to be carried into effect, all of which improvements forming this
said Invention will make motive-power mechanism or engines constructed
in accordance therewith more simple both in their construction and
action, all so as to be produced and maintained thereafter in action at a less
cost or more economically respectively and generally than they have
been as heretofore constructed.
This said Invention under the first head or section consists in a mode
of generating a current or motive agent of steam, vapour, or gases, so as
to actuate motive-power engines by which the water or other fluid to be
used or acted upon is for the most part heated by direct contact with the
fuel in a state of combustion or with the heated gases climinated
therefrom, instead of by transmitting the heat to the water or fluid
through plates, as is done in generating steam in a common boiler. The
water or fluid to be heated to be kept from mixing with the fuel by being
in a state of motion and by having in the duct or channel for the passage
of the fluid to heated, and interposed between it and the heating fuel, a
slanting or "louver board" shaped opening or openings or gratings, the
direct contact of the water or fluid to be heated taking place mainly at
the slanting or "louver board" shaped openings.
One modification or means of generating steam from water under the
first head or section of this said Invention consists in the water being
entered in a jet, jets, or spray under pressure in an upward vertical
direction through an internally conical or trumpet-shaped pipe made
of cast iron or any suitable material, having "cored" or formed in it a
number of openings slanting upwards in the same direction as the
injected water is made to play. The form and size of this conical or
tapering pipe may with advantage be such as the water jets would not
touch when passing up undisturbed by heat, and may be of any
convenient section to fit the position and form these jets assume.
Surrounding this conical jet pipe is formed a furnace of about the same
height as the jet pipe, having an outer casing of brickwork or other
material and one or more firing doors with fire-bars, and openings
for the admission of air to support combustion; the furnace thus formed
to be covered in at the top and surmounted by a vessel into which the
the conical jet pipe is entered and jointed, the same vessel also being
provided with a pipe for carrying off the steam or vapour generated.
The furnace also to be provided with a chimney for carrying away the
smoke and gases, and a damper for regulating the same. Thus formed,

page_text: on the furnace being charged with burning fuel and heated to a high
temperature, and a jet of water or spray being made to play up through
the inverted conical pipe, the heated gases from the fuel in combustion
come in contact with the spray in motion, and expands it into vapour,
and as it ascends, into steam at a high temperature and in a highly
expansive state in swift motion proportional to the initial force or
motion of the spray or jets and temperature of the furnace, causing it
to enter the pipe or vessel placed in line with and above the current.
The slanting or "louver board" annular or segmental shaped openings
may be formed with such a direction and degree of slant as to balance
the tendency of the spray in motion in a transition state into steam,
from flowing into the furnace through the slanted openings, and also
the tendency of the heated gases in the furnace from flowing into the
inverted conical pipe, or from being induced into the spray or steam,
in which case the spray from the water pipe would be converted into
steam without admixture of gases from the furnace, or the openings
through the conical or trumpet-shaped pipe into the furnace may be so
formed as will induce a portion or all the heated air and gases into the
spray or steam, forming thereby a highly expansive vapour for actuating
motive-power engines generally, in which case no part of the products
of combustion would escape, and there would be no necessity for a
chimney being formed; the water may be forced into the generator,
as described, in jets by the gravitation of an overhead column, or by
forcing pumps of any kind, which may have an air vessel attached to
make it play continuously, or by a Giffard's injector, or other similar
apparatus, and the higher the temperature the water can be forced into
the conical heating pipe so much the greater will be the power of the
Various
heating pipe or generator to convert the water into vapour.
modifications can be made of this apparatus as a steam or vapour gene-
rator; the form of the jet or jets of fluid or spray may be circular,
oblong, or any other in section, and the heating pipe formed accurately,
widening out into the form and dimensions the current will assume
to preserve the requisite or most economical pressure of steam or vapour,
and the "louver board" openings in the sides of the heating duct or
pipe or vessel may be formed by adjustible plates. Instead of the
furnace being formed as described and the water made to ascend it may
be made to descend vertically, or in a horizontal or any other direction
to suit circumstances. Instead also of the heating pipe or duct being
made sufficiently long to convert the spray into steam the heating process

page_text: may be continued by the current being bent round and diverted through
two or more straight heating pipes, having their straight portions formed:
on the same tapering form, and with similar openings for the access
of the heating gases from the furnace. For motive-power engines
intermittent in their action a reservoir of steam or vapour contained in a
vessel jointed to the generating conical pipe would be an advantage,
and may be furnished with a self-opening valve opening inwards. The
heating fuel may be of anything capable in a convenient way of pro-
ducing heat, coal,, wood; petroleum oil, or common carburetted hydrogen
gas; or the apparatus may be used for utilizing the waste gases from.
iron smelting, puddling, or other furnaces, and the steam or vapour
generator may be used for generating steam or vapour to actuate any
description of steam engine now in usc, as well as to be applied to the
description of steam engines to be hereafter described..
This said Invention under the second head or section consists in
various, modes and arrangements. of apparatus for directing the force of
steam or vapour from, a steam boiler or vapour generator by a jet or
jets to actuate the piston, or other equivalent moving parts of motive-.
power engines, and to provide in combination therewith a return channel
for the steam or vapour which has passed through the engine back to.
the eduction or entrance port of the jet or jets. of steam from the steam
generator, and to connect the return channel for the exhaust steam
or vapour to the pipe from the steam boiler or generator, so that that
part of it which remains in a state of vapour or spray and not condensed
into water by the abstraction of its heat or force by the engine shall
be induced by the jet or jets of steam or vapour from the boiler or
generator, and by its heat re-expanded and sent through the engine.
again. The condensed water from the steam in the return channel
to be trapped and led into, a reservoir or pipe to be sent in a lot state
by a pump injector or other means or apparatus back to the steam.
boiler or vapour generator again to generate steam or vapour for the
engine. The steam or vapour or portion thereof having therefore to,
pass several times through the engine before it is condensed into water,
the most suitable form of motive-power engine will be that which will
act with a large volume of steam or vapour at a low pressure.
Que modification or means of carrying out the improvements under
the second head of this Invention consists in the impelled part or
mechanical motor which directly receives the force of the vapour being

page_text: in the form of an undershot or overshot water wheel enclosed in a case,
the axis by preference placed horizontally, having an annular induction
port jet piece for the steam or vapour from the boiler connected to
the rim of the case near to its top side, and an exhaust port placed
about a sixth part of the circumference of the wheel or motor through
which "arc channel" the vapour impinges and forces forward the
floats or vanes of the wheel or motor until it reaches the exhaust port.
The vanes of the rotatory wheel or motor may be curved in a radial
direction and formed the full breadth of the wheel, but do not require
to fit the case accurately, and the induction and exhaust ports for the
better guiding of the vapour to and from the vanes may have "louver
board" pieces to direct its course. The exhaust and roturn channel
may be formed in the outer case and be made to serve as a jacket casing
for the case of the. motor wheel, or be led round underneath the case in
a circular form and be connected or led close to the circulating inducing
space inside the annular steam jet from the boiler, the lower side of
the return channel being provided with a trap opening or openings for
the water from the condensed steam leading it to a reservoir or pipe
for the supply of the steam generator. On steam being admitted to
the annular space it issues through the annular nozzle in a jet and
is sent with great force on to the vanes of the motor wheel so as to give
it motion, and the exhaust steam or vapour passing round the return
channel is induced in along with the steam from the boiler at or in
the centre of the induction nozzle and jet, and the condensed water is
"trapped "off to or for the supply of the steam or vapour generator.
The motion or force communicated to the spindle or axis of the motor
or vane wheel can be connected to any kind of gear or moving piece
for the utilization of the force.
Various modifications of this description of engine may be made;
instead of one induction jet it may have two or more annular or
otherwise formed induction jets, and may have these so formed as to
give facility for reversing the current of vapour for reversing the motion
of the wheel; or the motion may be reversed by a separate wheel fixed
on the same axis. The vanes also may be variously curved or shaped,
and feathering action may be given to them with advantage. Turbines
generally are a very suitable form of engine for being actuated by this
mode of return currents of steam or vapour, from the current being
allowed to pass through them continuously with only a certain degree

page_text: of retardation in giving its force to the mechanical motor or wheel.
For example in an inward flow (Thompson's) turbine the annular jet
from the boiler can be directed into the motive wheel from, its periphery,
and on issuing out from. its. centre so much of its. volume as. is not
expended in force and condensed into. hot water be led to.the annular
induction jet, and passed through the motive wheel again. In a like
way the current or jet from the boiler or generator may be directed to
the centre first, and form thereby an outward flow turbine, the return
current being directed from the periphery of the motive wheel, is led to
be entered again at the centre: The water from the condensed steam to
be "trapped" from the turbine casing in either case for the supply of the
boilers as explained. In the same way this mode of utilizing the force
of steam may be applied to reaction turbines in the form known as
Whitelaw's water wheel, but in all these certain modifications have to
be made for the return currents, means of taking off the water from the
condensed steam, and for the proportioning the curve and size of vanes
to the density, speed, and large volume of vapour in motion to. be dealt
with. Where great power and and slow angular motion is required in
the motive wheel large diameter will be necessary, and in such cases. it
will be an advantage to have a large cylindrical or conical-shaped motor
or wheel with curved vanes fixed on its periphery, and the, steam or
vapour from the boiler or generator directed along them by a corre-
sponding large annular jet, or number of small jets, and thence at the
other end of the motor directed back through another and an inner set of
vanes curved in an opposite direction, and as in other modifications so
much of the vapour as is not condensed into water to be induced and
sent through the first set of vanes and round again. The motion may
be reversed when required by setting the current through in a reverso
direction, or may be reversed by seperate turbines fixed on the same
spindle, and having separate cases, and all necessary details. In like
manner this mode of utilizing the force of steam may be applied to.
vanes, or to a succession of vanes fixed on an axis formed like the vanes
of a windmill, and their motion if necessary be reversed by reversing
the current. In using steam from a common steam boiler or generator
the steam and return steam or vapour before it reaches the motor of the
engine or turbine may be superheated and increased in volume in a
vessel or tapering channel or pipe, by the pipe being. led through the
waste heated gases passing from the boiler flues. to the chimney, or it
may be heated and expanded by direct contact by a "louver board,"

page_text: opening or openings on the principle of the generator explained under
the first head or section of this said Invention, where the gases are
induced in among the steam, and for gases not condensible into water
a waste pipe would be necessary for their partial escape. In another
form all the waste gases and heated air may be induced in along with
the steam into the engine or turbine, and after actuating the same
returned in a circular channel, having the concave side opens for contact
with the atmosphere for the absorption of oxygen or fresh air, and a
portion of this heated air or current thus returned sent through the
furnace of the boiler to support the combustion of the fuel, and the water
from the condensed vapour may be trapped off for the supply of tho
boiler, and in some cases part of the return gases allowed to escape.
Whilst this return mode of utilizing the force of steam or vapour as
described can be wrought with advantage by steam or vapour generated
in any ordinary steam boiler. It is also intended to apply and use
the steam or vapour generator described under the first head or section
of this said Invention for generating the vapour to work these return
current engines or turbines. Where the generators are adapted to take
portion or all of the gases generated in the furnace along with the
steam a portion of the vapour can be returned and re-induced in along
with the vapour from the generator; or a portion can be sent round a
circular channel, with the concave side open to the atmosphere for the
purpose of restoring oxygen or fresh air to it by its absorption from the
atmosphere for the support of combustion in the furnace, whilst the
water from the condensed vapour, gravitating or sent to the bottom of
the return channel by its centrifugal force, is trapped off at this point
into a pipe or channel to be led or forced to the spray jet for feeding
the vapour generator. One injected impellant current and main channel
may in this manner, and by these improvements, be made to actuate
several engines or motors by separate ducts leading to each from the
main. This returned mode of utilizing the force of steam can be applied
with advantage to cylinder engines fitted with reciprocating pistons, and
in one form by connecting the two induction steam ports of the cylinder,
and having formed in them an annular space in the centre or at some
intermediate point in these passages, and having a tubular valve piece
worked by an eccentric from the crank shaft, or by a "tappet
or other
suitable valve motion; the steam to be admitted from the boiler or
generator into the annular space in which this tubular valve is placed;
this valve is considerably tapered or conical at the ends, fitted accurately

page_text: to their respective end scats, and is made slightly shorter than the seat
in which it is placed, so that on being moved to one end which requires
only a very short traverse it opens a passage for the steam for forcing
by an annular jet the piston in one direction, while it establishes an
exhausting inducing action to exhaust out the steam or vapour from the
exhaust side of the piston, or what of it remains not condensed into
water in along with the steam sent by the annular jet into the forcing
side of the piston, and vice versa as the motion of the piston and con-
necting rod and crank goes round. The water from the condensed
steam to be "trapped" into pipes or a reservoir in the port passages as
the exhaust steam issues, and the steam admitted into the cylinder to be
sufficiently small in quantity to allow of the engine abstracting in force
such a proportion of heat as will condense it to water. It will be readily
understood that many arrangements of slide and other forms of valves
commonly in use for steam engines will easily effect this action..
Besides being suitable for reciprocating crank engines a useful modi-
fication of this mode of utilizing the force of steam in this way will be
by long cylinders for working hoists and similar machines with the
valve wrought by hand for producing a single traverse of the piston
at a time.
Another improvement under the second head or section of this said
Invention consists in modes of or mechanism for working wheels and
turbines by steam and air combined, or mixtures of steam and gases
by direct single currents; the mechanism being similar to the wheels
and turbines described in connection with the second head or section
of the said Invention, but without the apparatus for causing and
regulating the return currents therein referred to. Where the steam
is generated by any common form of steam boiler all or portion of the
gases produced by the combustion of the fuel can be drawn through the
inducing passage of the steam injector, and thereby increase the volume
and force of the current, or the injector may be placed to induce in
cold air and force or draw all through the boiler furnace, or through a
separate heating furnace to mix with and induce the gases eliminated
by combustion so as to increase the volume and effective power and
driving action of the current to the wheels or turbines, the current
may be sent through a second turbine and more cold air induced. It is
also intended to use the steam or vapour generator described in the first
part of my Invention for generating the motor vapour for transmitting
force to these wheels or turbines.

page_text: Another improvement under the second head or section of this said
Invention consists of a mode of transmitting power to the forms of
rotating wheels and turbines described in connection with the second
head or section of this said Invention, by exhausting pure or atmospheric
air in through these turbines by the exhausting action of inducing
injectors, produced by the means and apparatus for generating and
directing ourrents described under the first and second heads or sections
of this said Invention. The construction of the motor wheels of the
turbines to be similar to those described, but requiring in some cases
no casing, the surrounding air by flowing inwards into the turbine
causing it to revolve; power may in this way be transmitted to great
distances in mines, factories, and warehouses, and at the same time the
abstraction of the air by the turbines tend to promote ventilation.
Another made or means of applying the improvements under the
second head or section of this said Invention consists in actuating
motive-power engines by heating water and generating steam in a boiler
similar to the process of generating steam in an ordinary steam-engine
boiler, but instead of the steam being taken or led in pipes to expend
and transmit its force to a piston or any impelled equivalent, draw off
the water in the boiler to propel or actuate engines, returning the same
water again in a continuous stream, and propelling a wheel or turbine
as it passes along the pipe from the egress to the ingress openings or
orifices in the boiler. The wheels or turbines being similar to those
used generally as water-power engines, and somewhat similar to those
described in connection with the second head or section of this said
Invention. The steam being led off to an ijector on or at the ingress
end of the return water pipe at or near the bottom of the boiler to
induce and force back the water into the boiler, and by its action in
this way to maintain the continuity of the current.
In one modification of a motive-power engine for actuating a mechanical
motor analagous to an undershot water wheel enclosed in a case, and
to which the water pipes are connected in a suitable way for the impact
and egress of the water, a vertical dome-shaped boiler is used having an
internal fire-box and funnel at the one side for carrying off the smoke
and gases from the furnace in the ordinary way, and it is further fitted
with safety valve, water gauges, and pressure gauge, as steam boilers of
engines generally arc. A water pipe of large dimensions for leading off
the water for the turbine is fitted into the top of the boiler descending

page_text: down below the water line in the boiler to nearly the top of the fire-box
and formed bell-mouthed shaped at the under end, opposite this is another
tube of similar dimensions descending down through the fire-box
beyond the bottom end of the boiler, at the bottom end of which is fitted
a valve opening inwards to the boiler and made self-closing by the
pressure of water in the boiler, to this is coupled an annular steam
water inducing injector, the central space of the injector for the passage
of the water being about the same diameter as the turbine water pipe,
the lower end or discharge end or port of the turbine case is coupled
to the water inducing connection of the steam injector by a bent pipe,
and the central outflow pipe descending from the top of the boiler
down below the water line, is coupled by another bent pipe to the
turbine, which establishes a continuous course, channel, or circuit for
the flow of the water through the turbine. For working the injector
a steam pipe is connected to the top of the boiler and the steam
branch pipe of the injector, and a starting flow-off pipe and cock
is connected to the water return pipe underneath the foot valve and
to the annular steam space in the inducing injector; to increase
the current by the flow of the water in the boiler an annular shell is
placed between the outer shell and the fire-box, so as to make the water
flow down through by the outer shell and ascend up by the fire-box end
in the direction which the turbine flow pipe current goes, the con-
struction of the boiler being generally such as to favor this action, thus
arranged and steam at a high pressure or tension formed in the boiler,
let the flow-off cock be opened so as to start the flow through the turbine
and clear the injector annular space and pipe of water, which done and
the cock suddenly closed, the force of the current in motion through the
turbine pipe starts open the foot valve and the water partly reduced in
temperature by the abstraction of force in the turbine is again restored
by the stream of steam sent into it to nearly its former temperature and
forced back into the boiler, and the flow motion of the water maintained
through the turbine pipe and turbine, to the axis of which gear of any
kind may be connected. In this mode of utilizing the force of steam
there will be little loss of water or heat, except what is utilized into force
by the turbine or wheel and what passes off in the waste gases of the
funnel; similar arrangements for working turbines can be made in
connection with Cornish and other forms of boilers.
Another mode or means of applying the improvements under the
second head or section of this said Invention consists in mechanism for

page_text: transmitting motion to water by a jet or jets of steam or steam injector,
and thence to water wheels or turbines, and to. pistons or rams for
cylinders for such purposes as hoists and lifts.
One modification consists of an endless annular pipe or channel in
which is cast at one side and somewhat less in diameter a case to receive
a mechanical motor or wheel similar to an undershot water wheel, the.
annular pipe entering into and out of this case in a circular and un-
broken course.
Into, this course or annular channel the water-wheel
formed motor, which is keyed on a spindle and placed in the case in
stuffing-box bushes so as to allow the floats or vanes, to work in the
annular channel, accurate fitting not being necessary. Into this
annular channel, at any intermediate point between the induction and
eduction ports of the case, is placed an annular steam injector,
the central space being about as large as. the sectional area of the
channel; coupled to this steam injector or steam water lifter is a
steam pipe from any ordinary steam boiler and connected also is a
cold water supply pipe and a feed pipe from the annular channel to
the boiler, as also a waste water pipe carried up above the channel to
give pressure of water in the channel. On the annular channel and
water wheel case being filled with water, and steam admitted to the
injector, the water is set in motion in the annular channel in an endless
and return stream, its centrifugal force drawing the water out of the
water wheel case all except the water that is caused to course round the
channel, and which the floats or vanes of the water wheel dip into, and
the motion of the water in the channel impinging on the vanes or floats
gives the water wheel motion; the waste water is carried up to such a
height as to balance the centrifugal force of the water in motion in the
annular channel, and the supply pipe made to admit sufficient water
to keep the temperature of the water in the annular case sufficiently
cool, a portion of the heated water to be taken away for feeding the
boiler, which portion escapes from the annular channel at a high
pressure caused by the centrifugal force of the water in the channel.
The escape pipe is coupled to the concave side of the annular channel or
to the wheel case, and the water escapes with little force; the quantity
escaping depending on the amount of heat converted into force from the
steam or water. Water wheels and turbines generally may be actuated
in this way, but water wheels as described act and apply in the most
simple way.

page_text: In another modification a steam injector is applied to force in water to
a cylinder to give motion to a simple ram like the ram of a Bramah
press, and on the water being allowed to flow out of the cylinder the
ram by its own gravity or by the action of a weight is caused to return
for a fresh stroke. This form of application is chiefly designed for
hoists or lifts, the water possessing a facility for regulation which the
clasticity of steam does not admit of, and the injector a facility for
quick action which is in any other way expensive to accomplish. .In
another way a small boiler water tank, with feeding gear for the boiler
fitted with regulating cocks, would complete the apparatus. The length
of lift could be increased by chain and pulley blocks or other equivalent
multiplying gear. Instead of a ram a piston may be used in the
cylinder, and the injector made to exhaust the water from the one side
of the piston and force it into the other. The water tank or cylinder
requires a supply of cold water to keep the temperature of the water.
down, and the hot water can be used for feeding the boiler.
A
Another mode of carrying out the improvements under the second
head of this said Invention consists in mechanism and means for the
utilization of the force of air when in process of expansion by heat, and
the mechanism and means being similar to some of the apparatus
described under the first and second heads of this said Invention.
current of air may be caused to flow up through a conical or trumpet-
shaped heater, as described in the first part of this said Invention, for
generating steam, and the central flow of air allowed to mix with or be
kept separate from the gases issuing from the furnace, and the force of
one or both made to actuate wheels or turbines, portion of the heated air
to be passed round again in a return current for the support of com-
bustion in the furnace, and may be exposed to the atmosphere in a
concave channel open on its concave side to the atmosphere for the
heated air to re-absorb oxygen afresh to render the air more fit for
the furnace. In these improvements the use of the injector and "louver
board" inducing principle or arrangements are adopted for utilizing of
the force of steam or vapour in the same way for maintaining the
currents in motors, as before described, under the first and second heads
of this said Invention.
Another modification or means of carrying out the improvements
under the second head of this Invention consists in mechanism for
working the condensers of piston reciprocating steam engines in lieu of

page_text: the ordinary air pump, and consisting of a condensing vessel, into
which the exhaust steam from the engine is made to enter, and a thin
stream or jet of cold water made, by preference, to enter in a downward
vertical direction, the opening, oblong or broad, in one direction, and
thin or narrow in the other, to be regulated by an adjustable valve
opening inwards, and loaded by the tension of a strong spring or other
equivalent manner. In the bottom of the condensing vessel and
opposite to the top valve a corresponding valve is placed opening
outwards; this valve, by preference, to be of india-rubber, and of the
form known as "Perreaux's valve," and so placed that the jet or stream
of cold water entering under pressure and motion will play down
through the bottom valve. Underneath the condensing vessel is another
shallow vessel to contain a quantity of water around the foot valve to
act as a water lute, to keep it air-tight and to form a convenient con-
nection to carry off the condensing water. A double-acting forcing
pump or pumps wrought by the engine is provided, and the discharge
pipe, from which is connected to the jet valve chest on the condensing
vessel, so as to discharge through the jet adjustable valve at every stroke
of the engine and pump, an air vessel being provided on the forcing
discharge pipe of the pump to make the current in some degree cou-
tinuous; this pump, if requisite, drawing the water from a well, as well
as forcing it into the condenser. Thus arranged, and the engine and
pump set in motion, a broad thin stream of cold water is sent with great
force into the loaded adjustable valve on the top of the condensing
vessel, and down through the condensing vessel out at the foot valve,
condensing the steam from the engine, and inducing with it through
the foot valve the condensed water and air produced by the condensation
of the steam.
Another improved mode, means, and apparatus for condensing the
exhaust steam and discharging the condensing and condensed water of
reciprocating engines, under the second head of this Invention, consists
in using and injecting salt water for condensation, and of retaining a
great part of the water condensed from the steam or vapour caused by
the contact of the steam and salt water, free or nearly free from salt, to
serve for marine engines in lieu of surface condensers. The condenser
is similarly constructed and wrought to the modification last described,
with the thin broad stream of cold salt water forced down through it,
but having a wall piece or guard formed in the bottom of the condenser

page_text: above the discharge valve around the course of the injected stream or
jet of salt water, and rising up to about a fourth part of the height of
the condensing vessel to form a trap reservoir for the fresh water pro-
duced by condensation. The exhaust steam from the engine or engines
for condensation is admitted in this arrangement at the side of the
vessel, which when cylindrical has an annular or other shaped casing all
round of a series of plates perforated with small holes in zig-zag
position, so as to equalize the force of the steam in process of con-
densation as it advances and before it reaches the jet of water, and to
prevent the current of steam from striking or acting with two great
force at any one point upon the stream of cold water. As in partial
vacuo the cold water jet in process of being heated will radiate from its
surface cold vapour to the steam in passing down through the con-
densing vessel; the distance and instant of condensation must be an
intermediate point between the annular perforated casing described and
the surface of the jet of water, and an eddying motion produced from
the vapour that proceeds from the cold water, and from the water being
in a state of swift motion downwards a downward direction will be
given to the vapour in process of condensation, which will fall into the
trap reservoir formed in the bottom of the condensing vessel.
To
facilitate this action a series of plates are fixed, angularly placed and
slanting downward and outward close to and all round the jet of salt
water, bevelled or slanting like "louver boards," so as to make the cold
vapour arising from the water meet with its swift motion the vapour in
process of condensation, and further assist the condensed water to settle
down in the trap reservoir, whilst the salt water injection stream from
the force of its motion plays down through the foot valve; the con-
densed fresh water being drawn from the reservoir by the feed pump for
the engine boiler.
Various modifications can be made of this mode and means of con-
densation, and the jet of water instead of passing downwards may be
forced in any direction, and may be passed over curved plates over the
top or sides of the condensing vessel in various ways, to facilitate the
condensation and deposition of the condensed fresh water from the salt
condensing water.
Another improvement under the second head of this said Invention
consists in a mode of applying motive power (such as herein-before
described under the first and second parts of this Invention) to or for.

page_text: the purpose of propelling ships or vessels for locomotion on land, and for
the attainment of higher speeds of locomotive engines than has hereto-
fore been attained. For passenger traffic high speed is the chief object,
and lightness being essential to this end, a ship or vessel is formed as
light as is compatible with the strength necessary, and for the smaller
amount of weight to be carried by these improvements.
The form of the
vessel is to be nearly a parallelogram in beam or cross section with a
hollow longitudinally channelled bottom, the length and breadth of beam
being great in proportion to the weight to be carried; with two keelsons
with the hollow channel between them, one at each side, and the depth
small. The bows presenting a very slanting surface and the stern
somewhat less so, to the water; when loaded the upper portion of the
longitudinal hollow channel referred to to be out of the water, and free
for the passage of air between portion of the bottom of the vessel and the
water, the sides or parts of the vessel near to and at the outside keilsons
being immersed to a considerable depth for buoyancy. The steam boiler,
boilers, or generators are fitted into the vessel of great "steaming" or
evaporating capacity, but of the lightest construction found suitable.
A boiler of the locomotive engine form, or a generator as described in
the first part of this said Invention, may be the most suitable and is
intended to be used, by preference, placed near the fore part of the vessel,
and from which the steam or vapour is conveyed to one or more large
steam injectors for inducing air in large quantity in and through them,
placed near the bows of the vessel, and down slanting into and entering
the air conduit at the "fore" part of the main channel below the centre
of the vessel. These steam injectors are preferred to be of the annular
form and construction, but other forms of steam jets described in the
second head or section of this said Invention may be employed. The
inducing ends of the injectors open outward in the direction of the
bows of the vessel, and have large conical or bell mouths to receive,
induce, and catch the air. Steam being admitted from the generator to
the injectors a large volumn of air mixed with steam is forced with
considerable speed into and along the hollow channel or course in the
bottom of the vessel, interposing between the bottom of the vessel and
the water, buoys or relieves the bottom surface from the friction of
the water, and the acting currents escaping with great force and volume
at the stern of the vessel, propels the vessel forward by its reaction.
The keilsons or bottom portions of the sides of the vessel and channel
remaining immersed prevents the air and steam current from escaping

page_text: at their sides, and a large quantity of cold air is induced into the
channel at the bows of the vessel which increases the volume and acting
current besides or in addition to what is drawn and forced into it by
the injectors, and this air will principally remain near the surface of
the water, and the heated air and steam rise and keep more to the upper:
side of the channel and current. The vessel may be further propelled;
by additional injectors placed on deck, large area or volumn both of:
inlet at the bows and discharge at the stern of the vessel being necessary,
to the success of this improved mode of propulsion. The motion of the;
vessel may be reversed by having injectors placed and actuated in
reverse positions at the opposite end of the vessel. Motion can be,
given in a similar direct way by steam and air engines to locomotives.
set on wheels placed on rails and on the ground for the attainment of
high speeds.
This Invention under the third head or section consists in improved
mechanism and arrangements of the ports of reciprocating cylinder,
piston, steam, or fluid power engines, párt of which mechanism and
arrangements are also suitable for measuring fluids. One principal
improvement under this head in its simplest form consists of a cylinder
and piston fitted with a strong piston rod continued into a guide for
steadying the rod. The piston is formed somewhat greater in length
than the length of the stroke of the engine, and the cylinder made
correspondingly long in proportion to give room for the piston and end
clearances. The piston may be packed with a ring or rings at or near
to each end, and the cylinder is fitted with covers and stuffing box much
in the usual manner. A strong lateral pin or arm about the same length
as that of the stroke of the engine is fitted into the piston rod; this
arm has formed on its end a spherical ball or knob and fitted upon it.,
a correspondingly shaped bush, which bush in turn is placed in a hole
or slot in a crank or disc, which is keyed or formed upon the revolving
shaft, usually termed the crank shaft of the engine. The inner surface
of this bush is correspondingly spherical and formed in halves to get
on to its seat; its outer surface may be round or square, but must have
room in the hole or slot in which it is placed for a slight play longi-
tudinally in the direction of the length of the crank shaft; the distance
from the centre of this bush to the centre of the crank shaft determining
the throw of the crank, and as usual double this length fixes or forms
the length of the stroke of the engine. The crank and crank shaft thus..

page_text: coupled to the piston rod, it will be seen that on the piston being.
traversed from the end of the cylinder, besides its longitudinal motion,
the arm fixed in the piston rod passing round with the crank bush and
disc will also impart to the piston a sectional, angular, or turning
reciprocating motion to the piston rod, and corresponding angular
turning or twisting motion between the surface of the long piston and
the internal surface of the cylinder. This sliding twisting motion of the
piston on the surface of the cylinder is made available for the opening.
and closing of induction and eduction passages of the steam to and from
the cylinder. The steam passages being formed in the piston and
cylinder no steam slide or other regulating valves or motions are.
required for this form of engine, which simplification is the main novelty
and object sought for. In one form of these engines one steam port and.
two exhaust ports are placed near to the centre of the length of the
cylinder and in a parallel plane with the cover of the cylinder, their
distances apart and spaces being determined by the extent of twisting
motion given to the piston while they are short in the direction of the
length of the cylinder. Two longitudinal slots or passages are cut in
the piston in suitable positions the full length of the stroke, or nearly
so, opening out to the periphery of the piston, but bent inwards at the
ends where the packing rings of the piston are placed, one passing out
at cacli end of the piston, and so far in turn, being both steam and
exhaust passages alternately, their distance apart being such as will open
the steam passage and one exhaust passage at the same instant, and
when the piston traverses to the opposite port and end of the cylinder the
steam passage will be opened to it, and the exhaust correspondingly
opened to the other end. In this form of the steam passages there is
little "lap" required or manageable, and the steam is not wrought
expansively, but the motions and positions are suitable for small steam
engines, for donkey feed engines, and pumps for water, air, or gas, the
pumps of which may be wrought direct from the piston rod, and the
same description of passages wrought by the same twisting motion may
be used in the pumps for the induction and exhaust of the fluids, or
ordinary self-opening and closing valves used as may be desired. For
water meters the cylinders would be brass cased, and leather, rubber, or
other packings be used. Both for steam engines, pumps, and water
meters two cylinders may be combined together and connected with
separate discs or cranks set at right angles in many ways, or the
cylinders can be set at right angles and fixed to one crauk motion.

page_text: For working steam expansively separate pairs of steam and exhaust
ports are necessary, and the steam passage in the periphery of the piston
instead of being cut nearly the full length longitudinally in the piston,
as already described and explained, is only cut one-third or one-half the
length of the stroke, according to the degree of "cut-off" required,
whilst the exhaust passages can be readily so formed and placed as to be
kept nearly full open for the most part of the stroke. The steam ports
may be made long in the cylinder as well as in the piston. It will
generally be an advantage to work these engines in a horizontal position,
and admit the steam on the under side of the cylinder, so as to allow
the position to lic on the ports and have the tendency to wear coun
teracted by the pressure of steam in the ports tending to bear up its
weight. This form of engine is also suitable for working by the improved
mode of utilizing the force of steam by returning the exhaust steam to
the forcing side of the piston, described under the second head or section
of this said Invention, the inducing jets or injectors by preference being
placed in the piston, and the passages formed to suit and be regulated
by being in part passed through the cylinder, while the condensed water
can be taken through the piston rod to the feed pump. In appyling
these improvements under the third head to marine engines, high and
low pressure cylinders can be coupled on one piston rod, or the guide
end of the rod can be made available for actuating an air pump or a
forcing pump direct to it. In coupling two engines at right angles the
centre of the piston rod of one of the cylinders could be formed like a
crank, and the other cylinder fitted with a straight arm, and both coupled
by bushes on to one crank by a crank pin piece.
Another improvement under this third head is for the regulation
or governing the speed of fluid pressure motive-power engines, and
consists in the use of various equivalent forms of small sectional turbine-
formed wheels or discs, or pendulous valve pieces with a slanting
opening or openings of a "louver board" or other equivalent shape
balanced by a spring or by a weighted lever, or in the manner of a
pendulum against the power or "speed flow" of the actuating fluid
passing through the openings in the piece fitted within the egress pipe,
the openings being reduced in size, or so formed as to contract the
openings or shut off the flow of the fluid current when the speed of the
current gets in excess of its normal motion, and so regulate the speed
of the engines; the centre of oscillation and gravity of the balance
}

page_text: weight or pendulum may be made to vary by the pressure of the fluid
or steam; the flow of the current in the ingress pipe acting both as a
throttle valve and governor and without being connected by mechanical
gear to the engine. This regulator is enclosed in a case forming part of
the steam or fluid ingress pipe, and will be suitable for marine and other
engines. The weight of the regulating piece or valve may be made to
act simply as a balance weight against the pressure of the current, or
be made to act or beat time as a pendulum by the current being made to
act like an escapement wheel, in which latter form it may be used for
approximately measuring fluids, the pendulum being connected to
indices to register quantities in the usual manner.
The last improvement under this third head is for raising or reducing
the speed of motive engines when the speed required is higher or lower
than what is convenient in these improved or other motive-power engines,
and consists in employing friction wheels on or at the first motion or
crank shaft having the periphery of one of the large ones covered with
leather or such "belting" substance placed in a groove, annular recess,
or seat, one end of the strap being made fast, by preference, into a mortice
and then stretched right round in the direction of motion and strain to
the other end, which is drawn through a transverse slot or slots when
various widths and lengths of stripes are used in the periphery of the
wheel and close to where the first end is fastened, when one strap fills
or completes the circumference, and means taken by a roller or other
"tauting" apparatus to draw up the strap on the inside of the slot, as
the leather or other equivalent strap used stretches in the direction of
the force transmitted, being made to tend or tighten up the strap. The
wheel with which it gears by preference having a plain metallic surface
without leather or other such tensile substance, the leather or other
tensile strap on the one wheel, as explained, gearing with the periphery
of a plain surface wheel in the other by "stiff" rolling or frictional
contact. A convenient arrangement for drawing the wheels in and out
of contact to act as a clutch, and for maintaining the requisite frictional
contact between the wheel surface is obtained by placing an adjustible
eccentric bush in the eye of the driving or driven wheel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Robertson in the Great Scal. Patcut Office
on the 13th April 1869..
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,. I, JAMES
ROBERTSON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain,.Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October; in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-eight; in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and. successors,
give and grant unto. me, the said James Robertson, Her special licence
that I, the said James Robertson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as- I, the said James Robertson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, 'use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MODES OF OBTAINING AND TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE MEANS,
APPARATUS, OR MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR, PART OF SUCH APPARATUS OR
MECHANISM BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MEASURING OF FLUIDS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Robertson, my exc-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,.
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to.
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Robertson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying thirteen Sheets of Drawings, and to the several figures, letters,
and numerals marked thereon, that is to say
My said Invention under the first head or section consists mainly
and generally in new or improved modes of generating and heating, or

page_text: producing fluid currents for actuating motive-power engines generally,
and under the second head or section my Invention consists in new
or improved modes of transmitting motive power to, in, and through,
or by mechanism or engines constructed so as to have one actuating
fluid of cach motor introduced, forced, or injected in the form of a jet
or stream through an annular nozzle or other conduit made so as to
draw another or second fluid or fluids into and through the main duct,
or it may be the partially spent currents of the same actuating fluid
or fluids which have first passed through the motor as the actuating
body, but which have still some force, heat, or other property left which
it is or may be desirable and profitable to utilize, either alone or along
with the said secondary induced fluids or any desired proportion of these
and the partially spent or return currents, and in the directing and
applying such combined or compound currents all so as to actuate the
motive-power engine or mechanism by the force and expansion of such
combined fluid currents (whether liquids, as water, or the more elastic
gaseous fluids, such as air, steam, or the gascous products of combustion,
are employed separately or jointly), in each or cither of these cases,
and whether applied to rectilineal, reciprocating, or rotatory classes of
mechanical motors or engines, whether the inital or secondary currents
are produced in generators of the ordinary construction or by the new
or improved modes and means of generating steam under the first head
or section of my said Invention, and under the third head or section
my said Invention consists mainly in new or improved modes of
regulating the flow of the actuating or measured fluids to and from the
cylinders of reciprocating motive-power engines, fluid meters, or
measuring machines by forming the ports in and through the working
surfaces of the cylinder and piston so as to form also the induction or
eduction valve or valves (with or without inducing action or positively
spent currents) and their fluid-tight working surfaces, and by giving
the piston an oscillatory motion on its axis in the well known and
proper sequential time and relative position to suit that of its own
longitudinal reciprocatory motion instead of the separate slide and other
valves usually employed for the like purposes. The parts of my said
Invention under all of these leads or sections are susceptible of very
many modifications and adaptations to suit the particular fluids and
mechanical construction of force, generating and transmitting apparatus
or engine, and the purposes for which these are to be applied, all of
which improvements forming this my said- Invention make motive-

page_text: power mechanism or engines constructed in accordance therewith
more simple both in their construction and action, all so as to be
produced and maintained thereafter in action at a less cost or more
economically respectively and generally than they have been as hereto+
fore constructed.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood I shall now proceed to describe
the several Figures on the said thirteen explanatory Sheets of Drawings,
all substantially constructed in accordance with and illustrative of the
best modifications and arrangements for practically performing or
carrying the several improvements contained in my said Invention into
effect or practice, which I am at present aware of, and which I have
hereunto appended for that purpose, reference being had to these several
figures and respective letters and numerals marked thereon which so
far as possible are made to represent the same and equivalent or like
parts in all the Figures.
The improvements under the first head or section of my said Invention,-
which are illustrative of and herein-after described in reference to the
various Figures on Sheets 1, 2, 3, of the Drawings, consist substantially
of a mode or modes of generating a current of steam, vapour, or gases so
as to actuate motive-power engines, by which the water or other fluid to
be used or acted upon is for the most part heated by direct contact
with the fuel in a state of combustion, or by the heated gases climinated
therefrom, instead of the heat being transmitted through plates to the
water or fluid to be heated, as is done in generating steam in a common
boiler and steam generators lieretofore. The water or fluid to be heated
in this new manner is kept from mixing with fuel by being in a state
of motion, and by having in the duct or channel for the passage of the
fluid an opening or openings for the flame or heated gases at a high
temperature to pass through and act on the fluid so as to convert it into
steam or vapour, or to rarify, expand, and increase it in volume, and
thereby accelerate its motion and increase its force. The fluid to be
licated and expanded into steam or vapour is set in motion in the form
of a jet or jets by the gravitation of an overhead column; or by forcing
pumps of any kind, which may have an air vessel attached to make the
jet or jets attached play continuously, or by a Giffard's injector or other
similar apparatus. The efficiency of this new mode of generating steanr
or vapou will also be greatly increased by having the water to be acted-

page_text: upon at as high a temperature as possible before it is introduced into the
heating furnace; and one convenient mode of heating the water and
obtaining the necessary pressure which I prefer to employ is the use of a
small steam boiler of any ordinary form used for steam engines inter-
posed between the forcing apparatus for the feed water and the generator,
the pressure, motion, or initial force by which the fluid is made to enter
and pass into the heating duct or channel mainly determining the
pressure or force at which the steam or motive fluid is ejected from the
licating pipe.
Referring to Sheet 1, Figures 1 to 24 show sections and elevations of
various modifications of the most suitable forms of the heating channels
for the conversion of the liquid into vapour or water into steam, which is
mixed with the gases from the furnace, and the form of channels and
their nozzles and jets therein shown as intended to act on water only,
and afterwards as I proceed I shall describe the forms of the furnaces
and the position of the heating channels in them. In all the Figures
illustrating these motive fluid generators, and throughout all the Draw-
ings hereunto appended, I make black arrows indicate the course of
water currents, blue arrows to indicate that of steam or motive fluid, red
arrows that of the flame or heated products of combustion or gases, and
yellow arrows that of the currents of cold air, where such currents pass,
occur, or are generated, whilst I make darts of these several colours
respectively to indicate the course of return currents of the same kind.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 an external elevation of
a trumpet-shaped heating channel D and small cylindrical jet pipe A,
with a jet of water. the current of which is indicated by the black arrows
as being made to enter the jet pipe A at a high pressure, and play in a
small cylindrical jet through the correspondingly shaped nozzle A¹ across
the space B, B', and through the trumpet-shaped heating channel D, as
indicated by the blue arrows. The jet of water in the space B, B', being
exposed, as herein-after described in reference to the general arrangement
of generators shown on Sheets 2 and 3, to the heated gases of a furnace at
a high temperature becomes heated and expanded into steam, and induces
or draws in with it into the channel D the heated gases, which further
expand the combined volume of steam and gases and accelerates its
speed or force and pressure. The heating channel D is shown as broken.
off in these Figures, but is continued in the general arrangements just
referred to, and to be herein-after described, when placed in a furnace for

page_text: generating and conveying the motive fluid to impel motive engines.
The diameter or volume of the nozzle and jet A' required depends on the
pressure and temperature at which it is admitted and supplied through
the pipe A, and the temperature of the furnace for its power of con-
verting it into steam, and the distance B, B', fixed between the throat D¹
or nearest part of the heating channel D depends on the heating power
of the furnace to convert the water into steam, and the solidity and
speed at which the pressure makes the jet to play across that distance
or through the heating channel D. The diameter of the throat D₁
should be as small as will allow a sufficient quantity of the heated gases
to pass through it to convert the water into vapour, and the continuation
of the channel D is made to widen out as shown, more or less as the
pressure or force of the motive fluid may be required.
The proportions shown in the Drawings, from Figures 1 to 15, are
suitable generally for generating steam or vapour at low pressures as
for actuating motors or turbines such as hercin-after described; smaller
diameters being necessary as higher pressures of vapour are required.
These requirements of proportion are more or less applicable to all the
other forms of jets and heating channels shown in the several Figures,
and I shall therefore in further describing them refer chiefly to their
forms and the direction the currents are made to pass through them.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 an external elevation of
a heating channel and jet pipe; the jet pipe A and the jet nozzle A¹ being
similar to that shown in Figure 1. The heating channel D is shown
composed in this case of four pieces of tube, the throat piece D' being
smaller in external diameter than the internal diameter of the succeeding
tube D, so as to enter into it a short distance and leave an annular
space between the outer and inner circumference or surface of the two
tubes, and in like manner as shown in the Drawings, the same relative
positions and sizes are maintained between the successive picces D, D³,
and D, so as to leave an annular opening at the end of each piece, as
seen in the section Figure 3. On the jet of water being made to play
through the channel D, as indicated by the black arrows, the heated
gases will not only be induced or drawn in at the mouth of the
throat D', (as shown and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2,) but
at each successive annular opening referred to between the adjacent,
pieces D', D, D, and D', as indicated by the red arrows, and further
expand and accelerate the motion of the steam as it passes along the

page_text: channel D. The relative positions of the several pieces of tube com-
posing the heating channel D are maintained by being fixed in the
bracket c, which is adapted by the sole piece c to be fixed inside a
furnace.
}
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation, Figure 6 an external elevation,
Figure 7 a plan, and Figure S a sectional plan through a, b, of a
heating channel D composed of one casting, and with a series of
slanting openings d leading from its outer to its inner surface. The
form and angle of these openings in a cross section is shown in the
sectional plan Figure S, and the whole of the outer surface of this form
of heating channel from the flange D² to its lower extremity is to be
exposed to the heated gases of a furnace; and on water at a pressure
being made to pass through the pipe A, and thence upwards, as indicated
by the black arrows, the heated gases from the furnace are induced or
drawn in at or by the openings d, as indicated by the red arrows, and
convert the water into steam, escaping at the top, as indicated by the
blue arrows. This heating channel is provided with a flange D' for con-
necting pipes to lead the steam or vapour away to actuate motive-
power engines.
For regulating or contracting the jet orifice A' a cylindrical brass
regulating conical tap or regulator C is shown in section in Figure 5,
which has suitable snugs formed upon it for bolting to corresponding
snugs formed on the heating channel D, seen in Figure 6 at e. This
regulator has a branch f formed upon it, to which the water pipe A is
connected, and admits the water to the chamber f¹ of the regulator C,
which is provided with a sliding key, plug, or tap piece C', working out
through the stuffing box C"; the upper extremity of this tap piece is
made acutely conical, similar to the regulator of a Giffard's injector, and
fits and works into the small opening A', so as to close it entirely, or by
withdrawing the tap to leave it wholly or partially open, so as to regulate
the volume of the jet or quantity of water passing out through the
nozzle A¹ to be converted into steam. The lower end of the tap
regulator C is shown connected to a regulating lever C wrought on
the fulcrum C3, which can either be regulated by hand or connected
by the jointed cnd C to any ordinary governor of a steam engine, so
as to regulate the quantity of water and by it the quantity of steam
required. The form of the tap and opening of this regulator C will be
better seen by the enlarged sectional clevation of it shown in Figure 25.

page_text: This form of heating channel D instead of being cast in one piece, as
described in reference to Figures 5 to S, may be composed of a series of
separate conical castings, so as to give it a similar form.
Figure 9 is a sectional side elevation, Figure 10 a front elevation,
and Figure 11 an end view of a heating channel D provided with a
water pipe A and jet orifice. A' in the form of a very narrow slit of the
length, as shown, nearly the breadth of the external aperture or surface
of the heating channel, so as to give a jet in the form of a thin sheet
of water. The heating channel in this case is composed of two rows of
transverse tapering plates D', D, D', D', D', D', and D, on one side of
the jet space, and a corresponding series of plates on the other side of
the jet d', d, d³, d*, d³, do, and d; these plates overlap each other,
and spaces are left between them at the under side of each for the heated
gases entering between them, as indicated by the red arrows. These
plates D' to D and to have flanges cast upon them at their ends,
and are bolted to the side plates D and D; the discharge end has bolted
to it a trumpet-shaped pipe E with an oblong mouth, shown as broken
off, which completes the heating channel. On water being forced
through the pipe A, as indicated by the black arrow, at a high pressure, a
thin sheet or film of water or spray will be ejected up, through the space
between the plates composing the heating channel D, and when placed
in a furnace it will induce the heated gases in at the openings between
the plates, as indicated by and at the red arrows, and the steam or.
yapour which is ejected through the pipe E, as indicated by the blue
arrows, can be led away to actuate a steam or motive-power engine..
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 13 is a partial transverse
section through or on the line a, b, in Figure 12, of another form of the
heating channel. In this case the water pipe A is formed with a small
cylindrical jet nozzle similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the
space or length of the heating channel D, on the concave and under
side is exposed in a furnace to the action of the heated gases, the heating
channel as will be seen in Figure 12, and is thereafter narrowed into
a throat at D' and continued on in an expanding pipe to carry off the
vapour.
Figure 13 shows the cross section of the heating channel D where
it is open as from B, B', on the under side and formed in the shape of
an inverted U (n) with small "rone" or gutter channels formed at
cach side of the under edges. On water being made to pass througli

page_text: the pipe A as indicated by the black arrows, the nozzle A' is placed to
play into the concave side of the heating channel D, and causes it to
spread and allow of the heating action of the gases to act on a less dense
body of water than is presented in the cylindrical jet so as to be
converted into vapour more readily, although with a somewhat diminished
force owing to the retardation by friction on the sides of the channel, the
passage of the heat, gases, and vapour being indicated by the red and blue
arrows.
Figure 14 is a sectional clevation, and Figure 15, an external elevation
of a jet pipe A and heating channel D, in which the nozzle A' is entered
into the bell mouth of the heating channel D, otherwise the form of
the pipe A, nozzle and heating pipe D is similar to that described in
connection with Figures 1 and 2. In the arrangement shown in
Figures 14 and 15 the jet is not directly latterally exposed to the heated
gases of the furnace, but the gases are induced or drawn in at the bell
mouth of the heating channel D" and with water form a boiler at a very
high pressure, when it expands with a little accession of heat from the
gases into steam and has a great tendency to spread, this arrangement
with a high temperature in the furnace is suitable, the current of the
water, heated gases, and vapour is indicated by the black, red, and blue
arrows.
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation, Figure 17 an external elevation,
and Figure 18 a plan of a heating channel and water pipe with an
annular nozzle, the access or induction current of the heated gases also
to the water as in the form just described only being at the end of the
heating channel D as indicated by the red arrow, and is suitable also for
water at a very high pressure, and with the furnace gases also at high
temperatures. The water is passed through pipe A into the annular
space A³ of the nozzle piece A2, and issues with great force in a thin film
at the annular nozzle A' as indicated by the black arrows inducing in the
heated gases, and the steam generated therefrom mixing with the gases is
ejected through the heating channel D as indicated by the blue arrows.
Figure 19 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 20 an external plan of
the upper part of a furnace in which a forcing jet or nozzle A² of the
same form as that described in connection with Figures 10 to 18 is used,
the space into which the water is forced and annular nozzles being seen
in Figure 19, and the branch pipe A seen in Figure 20, the direction of
the water current being indicated by the black arrows.
The heating

page_text: channel D is shown passed through the side of the furnace and provided
with a central core picce d" to narrow the throat D', and allow the
steam and gases to take the direct course from the issuing of the annular
jet of water from the nozzle A'. The heated gases are by the curved
branch pipe i led at both ends from the top of the furnace into the
central branch to which the water nozzle piece A² is fixed, and the gases
induced in through the pipe i, i, and down through the space in the
centre of the nozzle A2, and thereby made to play with the water into
the mouth of the heating channel D, the course of the heated gases
being as indicated by the blue arrows, and the steam or vapour being.
ejected through the channel D as indicated by the blue arrows.
Figure 21 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 22 an external elevation
of a jet pipe A and heating channel D, which is adapted to convert the
water into steam by the exposure of the jet to the heated gases of a
furnace in the space B, B', between the jet nozzle A' and the throat D
of the heating channel, without inducing the gases from the furnace
along with it or as small a portion thereof as may be found practicable.
For this purpose the throat or narrowest part D' of the heating channel'
D, forming the mouth of the channel, is made sharp at the edges, and
tends to divert the heating gases aside instead of inducing them in along.
with the water, and the steam generated in the space B, B', as described:
in connection with Figures 1 and 2, the course of the currents of water.
and steam being indicated as before named by the black arrows and
bluc arrows.
Figure 23 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 24 an external elevation
of a heating channel, adapted for being placed in a furnace substantially
as described in connection with Figures 5 and 6, but with openings
adapted for the water jet to play up through it so as to receive or absorb
the heat, without inducing the heated gases, or as small a portion of the
gases as possible, so as to obtain pure steam or steam approximately
pure. For this purpose the small openings d, d, d, at the foot, where
the water will give off very little vapour, are slanted in a downward or
backward direction into the inside of the heating channel D, and the
direction of these openings as they approach the top of the channel arc
gradually changed until as shown they are. slanted in an upward-
direction, but sufficient only to prevent the vapour passing outwards.
through these openings, otherwise the form of this heating channel is:
similar to that described in connection with Figures 5 and 6, and

page_text: although these various forms of heating channels D have been described
and shown as constructed of iron, they may be constructed of any
other suitable material which would stand the heat, as fire-clay.
Figure 25 is a side elevation, partly in section, and Figure 26 a plan of
a regulator for regulating the quantity or volume of water to be passed
up through these heating channels, similar to that described in con-
nection with Figures 5 and 6. This enlarged view of the regulator is
chiefly given to show an apparatus for disintegrating or breaking up
the jet of water passing up from the nozzle A' into spray, so as to allow
the licated gases to act on it with more heating effect, and consists in
placing sharp pointed needles or breakers in a conical or other holder j
a short distance above the nozzle -A', there being six of these needles or
breakers shown partially entering the current, scen more distinctly in
Figure 26, and the jet striking these in swift motion is effectually broken.
up into spray. The needle holder j is fixed on a sliding bar j" which
is adjusted in a slot in the regulator and fixed by a set pin.
Figure 27 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 28 a plan of a similar
jet regulator, the only difference of this regulator from that shown by:
Figures 25 and 26 consists in the nozzle A', which instead of being.
circular is star shaped, and the sliding tap or key C₁ correspondingly
shaped as seen in Figure 28, so as to cause the water jet to pass out.
mainly in thin films.
Figure 29 is a side elevation; Figure 30 an edge elevation both partly:
in section, and Figure 31 a plan of a similar water jet regulator for the
like purpose, the only difference from that described in reference to
Figures 27 and 28 being in the form of the jet nozzle A' which is oblong
and the point of the tap regulator wedge shaped, so as to cause the
water jet to pass out in a thin film; the object of these different
modifications of the nozzles is to present the jets in as an attenuated
form as possible so as to be more susceptible to the heating action of
the furnace.
Figure 32 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 33 a sectional plan on
Sheet 2 of my Drawings, showing a form of furnace somewhat resembling
the ordinary reverberatory furnace for burning fuel and heating the
air and gases in the furnace to a high temperature to act on jets or
currents of water so as to convert them in their passage through the
furnace into steam combined with gases produced by the air and com-
bustion of the fuel, all in accordance with one modification under this.

page_text: first head or section of my said Invention. The form of heating channel
is similar to that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2 on
Sheet 1 of my Drawings as shown and described in reference thereto.
One water pipe A conveys the water to three jet nozzles. A' through
the cross branch. pipe A' as indicated by the black arrows, the jets
being made to play across the space or distance B, B', in the furnace
into the three heating channels D, which converge into one channel
or pipe. E for conveying the vapour to a motive-power engine, the
course of the vapour currents being as indicated by the blue arrows,
the red arrows showing the heated gases entering the heating channels.
In this arrangement the furnace is constructed of brick and provided
with a furnace mouth and doors G, sct of furnace bars G', flame
bridge G, chimney G, and is of the most simple description, but
almost any form of furnace that will consume fuel and heat the gases
economically is also suitable. The chimney Gs is provided with a
damper G, which after the furnace is heated and the water made to
play across the furnace (Figure 33) is shut or partially so, so as to
allow the water jets to induce, draw in, or force a portion or all of the
waste heated gases from the furnace as a motive fluid, and thereby
utilize all or nearly all of the heat from the fuel.
Figure 34 is a plan, Figure 35 a front sectional elevation, and Figure 36,
a side clevation of a furnace adapted for generating vapour in a licating,
channel of the construction described in connection with Figures 5 to S
on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, the course of the currents of water, heated
gases, and vapour being indicated by the arrows. The furnace is of a
square vertical form composed of brick fitted with a furnace mouth G,
set of fire-bars G' covered in on the top by the plate H, on which the
heating channel D is suspended by the flange D' and having a funnel G
also fixed on the plate H which is fitted with a damper G'. The
management and action of this furnace is very similar to that just
described in connection with Figures 32 and 33; the vapour generated
is led away from the heating channel D by the pipe E jointed to its
upper flange D to any suitable motive-power engine.
Figure 37 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 38 a plan partly shown
in section through the line a, b, Figure 37, of a motive fluid generator
in which the form of the heating channel D is similar to that described
in connection with Figures 3 and 4 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings;
and the furnace proper is composed of a cylindrical sheet of boiler

page_text: plate I egg-shaped at the top fitted with a furnace door G set of fire-
bars G¹, funnel G³, and damper G. The water to be converted into
steam or vapour is admitted by the pipe A under pressure into the
chamber A, and from thence it passes into the coil pipe A" which is
led up near to and opposite the heating channel D, and terminated
in a suitable nozzle A'. The use of the coil pipe A" is to impart a
portion of the heat of the furnace to the water before it reaches the
nozzle A'. The vessel A which has its top end on a level with the
jet nozzle A', is adapted to contain a quantity of water for the purpose
of keeping the coil pipe A" always full of water, and prevent its
becoming injured by the great heat of the furnace when the water is
shut off from the main supply at the pipe A, a cock A³ is provided
for shutting off or regulating the water from the vessel or tank A
into or entering the coil pipe A". The course and action of the currents
of water, heated gases, and vapour are as indicated by the arrows, and
the action and arrangement of this furnace and the heater D is otherwise.
similar to that just described (and in reference to Figures 3 and 4).
Figure 39 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 40 a sectional plan
through the line a, b, in Figure 39, of a furnace for generating vapour
by heat from the combustion of carburetted hydrogen (common) gas,
or any suitable combustible gas; the furnace is constructed of cast-iron
cylinders I, lined as shown by fire-brick and fitted with a top plate H;
a heating channel D is shown applied of the same form as that described
in connection with Figures 5 and 6, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings,
suspended by the flange D from the top plate H. The inflammable
gas is admitted by the pipe J' which is a continuation of the coil pipe J
outwards. The coil pipe J is provided with a series of jet burners J
throughout its length, similar to the common illuminating gas burner,
as indicated, affixed in the coil pipe J. On gas being admitted to the
coil and ignited at the burners J it heats the furnace in lieu of coal or
other fuel. A small funnel G³ provides an outlet for the waste gases.
when the water jet is shut off and damper G' for closing or partially.
closing the outlet of the waste gases when the furnace is in action; a.
somewhat similar arrangement can be made to generate steam or vapour
in this way by the use of petroleum oil as fuel instead of the gas.
Figure 41 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings is a sectional elevation of an
"iron puddling furnace" with a series of jet-heating channels shown
affixed or arranged and applied in the main chimney G³ for carrying off

page_text: the waste heated gases therefrom; Figure 42 is a sectional plan of the
chimney showing a horizontal section of one of this modification of heating
channels A, A', and D, seen in sectional clevation in Figure 41. The
form of the water jet pipe A, nozzle A', and heating channel D used in
this modification is similar to that described in connection with Figures 1
and 2 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, nine sets of these being ranged or
placed successively over each other in the main chimney G; the whole
ninc jets A' of the set being supplied from or by one common water
pipe A leading into them placed opposite to the mouths D" of the nine
channels D which are jointed into one commion steam or motive vapour
pipe E which is led down to the motor desired. The jets of water thus
being made to play across the space of the chimney B, B', are highly
heated in their course, and induce or draw and force in the heated gases
from the furnace and chimney K into the heaters D, and with them
convert the whole into an elastic motive-power vapour, the course of
these fluid currents being indicated (as in the other modifications) by
the black, red, and blue arrows respectively. In this way, by these my
said improvements, the waste heat from puddling and other furnaces can
be utilized most economically for producing a motive-power fluid.
Figure 43 is a side elevation, and Figure 44 a plan of a furnace and
vapour generating apparatus, designed chiefly for supplying motive vapour
or steam to engines which are intermittent in their action. In this
modification the outer shell I of the furnace is cylindrical, constructed
of boiler plate lined with fire-brick, having two furnace mouths or
doors G, set of furnace bars G', and a chimney G³, and damper G*. On
the top of this furnace is placed the vessel F, to the under side of which
is bolted the heating channel D, inside the vessel F and opposite the
heating channel D is bolted the trumpet-shaped pipe E fitted with the
conical valve f, the regulating rod f' of which works out through the
stuffing box f, the weight of these parts when necessary being borne
up or balanced by the lever f" (to which the valve rod is coupled) and
balance weight f; the heating channel D in this case is similar to
that described in connection with Figures 5 and 6, on Sheet 1 of my
Drawings. On fuel being placed in the furnace and kept in a state of
combustion, and the whole heated to a high temperature, a jet of water
is made to play up the heating channel D and into the trumpet pipe.E;
the force of the current raises the valve f, and filling the vessel F passés
out to the motive-power engine by the pipe F. If the engine is

page_text: intermittent in its action like a cylinder reciprocating piston steam
engine the large volume of vapour in the vessel F compensates for the
irregularity of the current outwards by receiving into itself the steady
current from the heating channel D. A pipe and cock h is provided
for carrying away the condensed water and impurities from the furnace
that deposit "sediment" in the vessel F, and serves also to maintain
regularity of the current from the heating channel D, and as explained
serves to take away the granular impurities from the vapour passing
through the vessel F; the currents of the several fluids being indicated
by the black and coloured arrows respectively, as in the other modifi-
cations. To force a current of air into the furnace to support the
combustion with closed furnace doors an annular injector a is provided
fixed underneath the fire or grate hearth G' to induce and force in cold
air by a jet of steam led from the vessel F by the cock a' and pipe a³;
the form of this jet ejector being similar to that described and shown in
reference to Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings; the damper
and furnace doors when this arrangement is used are closed.
Figure 45 is a sectional elevation, Figure 46 a sectional plan through
the line a, b, in Figure 45, and Figure 47 is an external end elevation
of a heating furnace for a series of small jet nozzles and heating
chambers, the jet nozzles A' being formed or fitted in the upper side of
the closed vessel A2; and the heating and receiving channels D are
formed in the under side of the vessel F placed as shown, with its under
side "flush" with the inside of the top surface of the furnace. These
jet nozzles A', A', are formed similar to that described in reference to
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings, but made very short and
small so as to cause each jet to require but little heat to convert it into
steam or vapour. The pipe A leads forward the water to the vessel A²,
from which all the jets issue upwards into and through the small heating
channels D, D, D, into the vessel F; and if the temperature of the
furnace is too low to convert all the jets into vapour, also discharges or
carries a portion in the form of water along with the vapour into the
vessel F. The vapour is caused to issue from the pipe F, and the
water not converted into vapour is led back by the hollow "rone "
ducts b, b, b, b, between the small heating channels D into the main
"rone" duct b', and caused to issue out at the pipe b, seen in dotted
lines, and all as seen in the plan in Figure 46, and from whence the
water is again passed through the pumps or other forcing apparatus
S

page_text: employed through the forcing entrance pipe A again. In this way cold
water on starting can be made to pass through the furnace several times
until it gets to the boiling point, in which state it is sent round in jets
continuously, and only such a quantity of cold water supplied as is
evaporated and made to escape in an elastic current through the pipe F¹.
This mode or principle of returning the liquid current is more or less
applicable to all the forms of heating channels described. The furnace
of itself and mode of working it is similar to that described in connection
with Figures 32 and 33 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings, and has an air forcing
pipe jointed underneath the fire-bar (though this is not shown in the
Figures) for working with closed furnace doors. The air may be induced
or forced by a jet of steam or by any suitable means to increase the
intensity of combustion and current of heated gases and motive vapour.
Figure 48 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 49 an external elevation
of a vertical cylindrical dome-shaped boiler, Figure 49 being shown
at right angles to Figure 48. The boiler I is of the ordinary internal
fire-box dome-shaped form, constructed of boiler plate, having a
cross tube I inside the fire-box I. The Drawing will otherwise
explain the general construction of the boiler I sufficiently. The boiler
is fitted with safety valve and all the other ordinary mountings or
fittings, and is filled with water up to the usual water level, and shown
at II. A cock A and jet nozzle A' is fitted inside the cross tube I,
which is wrought by the rod C₁; opposite this jet nozzle A' the heating
channel D is placed vertically inside the steam space of the boiler I, with
its throat D' set and opening through the top of the fire-box, and having
its upper end passed through the opening K in the crown of the boiler,
and formed conical on its top end surface d, the opening K bing wider
than the external diameter of the channel D to allow the steam to pass
freely, the channel D being secured in its position by the arms c. A
vessel L is mounted on the top of the boiler I, and fitted with a safety
valve L', on the top of which vessel L a stuffing box piccc M is fitted
with packing collar M', through which an adjustable pipe piece D works
by the regulating hand gearing N, N', and N2. This pipe piece D has its
lower end made conically to fit the top end of the heating channel D,
and is controlled by the hand joint lever N either by the hand or by the
governor of a motive-power engine. On steam being raised in the
boiler I to an ordinary pressure of about forty pounds to the square inch,
and the cock A opened and the steam-pipe piece D2 raised slightly, the

page_text: steam will pass through the slanting opening & between it and the
heating channel D and adjustable pipe-valve piece D, escaping through
the pipe D, and cause an inducing action up through the heating
channel D and aid the forcing action of the water jet to carry up the
heated gases from the boilor furnace I, while the forcing action of the
jet will enable higher pressures to be reached than attainable by the
simple inducing jet action. In this way I combine my direct acting
method of generating motive vapour with the common boiler.
Figure 50 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement for heating the
water jet from the jet pipe A by waste steam. A cast-iron closed
box A is placed in the side of the furnace, having coupled to it the
waste or exhaust steam pipe O from an engine, and also the water-
forcing jet pipe A. To the opposite side of the box A next to the
furnace G³ is fixed a secondary short jet pipe A, leaving the space
B", B, inside the box A" for the jet to play across the box, and form
a partial vacuum, and becoming heated by the steam and thence passing
through the nozzle pipe A across the furnace space B, B', and through
the heating channel D in the form of elastic vapour suitable for motive-
power purposes, a waste water pipe h being provided for taking away
condensed water from the box A.
Figure 51 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 52 an external plan of
a form of furnace for utilizing waste steam, and for obtaining steam
free, or approximately free from the gases of the furnace. This furnace
is similar to that described in reference to Figures 34, 35, and 36, and is
fitted with the same description of heating channel D, but placed in an
inverted manner or form, the water jet pipe A sending the jet downwards
and the vapour passing out by the pipe E coupled to the pipe D' and
heating channel D. An outer heating channel D³ of the same form,
but larger in diameter, is made to surround the main one D to which the
waste steam pipe O is coupled, thus surrounding the main heating
channel D by a zone of steam, and being heated by the furnace its
closer proximity and greater affinity for the water than the gases causes
the steam to be united with the water and to evaporate the water, and
the furnace is provided with a chimney G and damper.
Figure 53 is a sectional elovation, and Figure 54 an external plan of
a vessel for containing water for removing impurities from vapour
generated by these several improved generators. It may be made of
any convenient form, or constructed of any suitable material that will.

page_text: stand the pressure necessary. This one is shown constructed as a closo
vertical cast-iron cylindrical vessel P, to which is connected the steam
or vapour pipe D from the heater and generator, and the steam or
vapour pipe E leading away the vapour to actuate a motive engine.
In order to remove granular particles and other impurities from the
vapour generated a partition H¹ dips down from the cover H below the
water line 1, 1, in the vessel P, which makes the vapour entering at
the pipe D' to pass through the water, and thereby causes it to leave
all or a great portion of its impurities in the water, which get pre-
cipitated to the bottom before the vapour rises on the opposite sido
of the partition H¹ to escape by the pipe E to the engine. A sludge
door P is provided at the bottom for removing all deposit as it ac
cumulates. To keep the water from getting too low in the vessel P
and converted into steam, a small feed pipe is provided, and a
discharge hot water pipe to be led to supply the jet water of the
generators. With a vessel thus coupled to the pipe of the generators
water can be withdrawn to work water engines from a cock, as at Q.
"
The essential and substantial improvements and features of novelty
comprised under this first part or head of my said Invention as so far
described is or consists in the use of a jet or jets of water or other
liquid, vapour, air, or gas, and causing them to pass or "play
intermittently or in streams into heating vessels or through channels
or nozzles, and into or through other liquids, air, or gases in a heated
state within or drawn from furnaces, so as to be induced (or drawn in
and forced) to intermingle, or combine with the jets and generate a
current by their initial force, which may be assisted by closed furnaces,
and air forced in for the combustion of the fuel, and form a heated
current of clastic fluid to be used for motive-power purposes, and also
in the construction and arrangement of parts of the apparatus or
mechanism and modes of using these for producing and conducting
the said motive fluid, all substantially as herein described; and also in
returning a part of the said initial water or current or produced vapour
condensed to be reheated, as described; and further, also in these
improvements or any of them separately for producing motive vapour,
either in connection with an arrangement of ordinary open furnace or
with closed doors on fire, ash-pit, and damper, and forced air currents,
or currents produced with steam jets to produce forced combustion, all
substantially as described.

page_text: My said Invention under the second head or section consists in various
new or improved arrangements of apparatus for directing the force of
steam or other motive vapour from a steam boiler or vapour generator,
by a jet or jets to actuate the piston or other equivalent moving parts
of motive-power engines, having or providing in combination with
these arrangements a return channel for conducting the steam or vapour
which has passed through the engine back to the induction or entrance
port or nozzle of the jet or jets of steam from the steam generator, thus
connecting the return channel for the exhaust steam or vapour from
the motor, and the pipe from the steam boiler or generator, so that that
part of the exhaust fluid which remains in a state of vapour or spray, and
is not condensed into water by the abstraction of its heat or force by
the engine, shall be induced by the action of the jet or jets of steam or
vapour from the boiler or generator, and by the heat imparted thereto
again expanded and sent through the engine again along with the fresh
motive vapour; the condensed water from the steam in the return
channel being trapped and led into a reservoir or pipe ready to be
sent in a hot state by a pump injector or other equivalent means or
apparatus back to the steam boiler or vapour generator, again to
generate steam or vapour for the engine. The steam or vapour or
portion thereof having as stated to pass several times through the
engine before it is condensed into water, the most suitable form of
motive-power engine is that which will act with a large volume of
steam or vapour at a low pressure.
One modification of and means for carrying out the improvements
under the second head of this Invention consists in the mechanical
motor impelled part of it, which directly receives the force of the
motive vapour, being in the form of an undershot or overshot water
wheel, inclosed in a case with the axis by preference placed horizontally
and having an annular inducing port or jet piece for the steam or
vapour from the boiler to enter, connected to the rim of the case near
to its top side, and an exhaust port placed about a sixth part of the
circumference of the wheel or motor from the former; in passing
through which inlet channel the current of motive vapour or fluid
impinges on and forces forward the floats or vanes of the incased wheel
or motor, until it reaches and escapes at the exhaust port or channel,
The vanes of the rotating wheel or motor may be made curved or
straight, and set in a nearly radial direction and formed the full width

page_text: of the wheel, but not required or made to fit the case accurately, and
these induction and exhaust or return ports or channels for guiding
the vapour to and from the vanes may have "louver board" pieces
to direct and induce the current straight or tangentially through them
and the wheel; and these channels may be formed in the outer case
and be made to serve as a casing or jacket for the main case of the
motor wheel or be led round to the steam inducing jet from the boiler
or generator. The lower side of the return channel being provided
with a trap opening or openings for the water from the condensed steam
being trapped or led to a reservoir or pipe ready for the supplying the
steam generator.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation on Sheet 44
of my Drawings, of a mechanical motor constructed in accordance with
and illustrative of one modification of these improvements under the
second head or section of my said Invention, so as to act on this
induced and return current arrangement or principle, the working parts
in both Figures being shown in section.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 a transverse section of
the inducing jet nozzle and other parts connected therewith, namely, the
induction steam pipe A, annular induction jet nozzle piece A.', return
current nozzle piece A, and annular adjustable sliding valve piece A³,
as also part of the induction pipe A', which leads forward the motive
vapour to the induction port B' in the case B of the motive wheel C.
The form of the annular inducing nozzle A', which by preference is made
of brass, and shown coloured yellow in Figure 3, will be better under-
stood by referring to the enlarged detail Drawings, Figures 16, 17,
and 18, on Sheet 1 of my Drawings; this form of jet inducing nozzle.
I prefer to use as being the best for utilizing the force of steam by this
improved mode or principle of using return currents, and with slight
modifications I have shown it applied to the various modifications of
motive-power engines, which are actuated by this returned induced
steam current modes of utilizing the force of steam, from Figure 1 on
Sheet 4 to Figure 35, Sheet 6 of the Drawings hereunto appended.
The motive wheel C, as shown in this modification, resembles the form
of an undershot water wheel, and is composed of a centre piece C', two.
mallcable iron side or end plates C, C, bolted to the ends of the centre
piece C', and bound together near their outer rim or inner edge of the
vanes by a circumferential rim or plate piece C³ rivetted in between the

page_text: side plates C and the vanes c, c, c, which are also made of thin iron
plate, and rivetted to the side plates C and to the circumferential
plate C. The space between the vanes c, c, therefore forming a series
of cavities or buckets, which contain the motive vapour in its course
while or as it passes from the induction to the eduction port of the case.
The form of the vanes c, c, may be curved radially, but I prefer them
made straight, and placed as shown, inclined backwards at the points
from the inlet side where the vapour impinges on them, so as to cause
the vapour to pass out at the eduction or exhaust duct or port B³ more
freely than if left radial. The centre C' of the motive wheel C is fitted
fast on a spindle D which works in the bushes B', B', formed in the sides
of the case B, also supported and working in the bush bracket D', the
sides of the case B and the bush bracket D' being bolted on the top of
the cast-iron water cistern 1; the whole of these stationary parts thus
forming a compact and stiff framing for the impelled motive wheel C to
revolve in. The spindle D is also fitted with the belt pulley D³, which
by a belt gives off the power transmitted to it. The circumferential rim
plate B of the motive wheel case B, which encloses the motive wheel C,
has formed at its under side the branch pipe connection B³, which is
formed to carry off water from the condensation of the steam from the
case B into the cistern E conducted down by the pipe E'. The top section
of this circumferential plate B has formed in it for the course of the
steam or vapour current the induction port B' and the exhaust port B³.
The induction pipe A* is connected to the induction port B', and the in-
duction end of the return steam pipe F is connected to the exhaust port B³.
The induction and exhaust ports B', B³, are shown fitted with a series of
thin plates b, b, b, so as to guide on and lead off the motive steam to and
from the vanes c, c, c, of the motive wheel B in thin streams or layers
tangentially, and the ends of the plates are cut off near to but so as
not to touch the vanes c as the wheel C revolves, space being also left
in the case all round for the vanes c and wheel to revolve; exact or
accurate fitting not being necessary in these "low-pressure" engines.
The return pipe F is shown led from the eduction to the induction side
of the engine, and has connected to it at the induction side by a branch
connection the escape pipe F" for waste steam, as also the pipe F by a
similar branch on the under side of the return. steam pipe F, and
opposite the waste steam pipe outlet branch F. The pipe F², which is
connected to the water cistern E, and to which it leads down the water
formed by condensation in the return pipe F. The pipe F at the

page_text: exhaust side also being connected, as shown to the return pipe F and
water cistern E to take down the water from the condensed steam. The
return pipe F has formed in it an annular trap space F near the steam
branch pipes A and A' adapted to trap the water from condensation
which adheres to the surface of the pipe, and to direct and conduct it
down through the pipes F2 and F, and thereby take the water from the
return steam before it enters the nozzle pipe A, which nozzle pipe is in
this case shown as cast in one piece with the return pipe F; but it might
be formed in a separate piece, as seen in the detached sectional views,
Figures 3 and 4, of the steam inducing nozzle combined with this return
nozzle. The return nozzle piece A* has fitted to slide upon it the annular
loose sluice or valve piece A³, seen in Figures 1 and 3, which when
pushed close to the steam injection nozzle piece A' excludes the air, but
when drawn back allows the air to enter at the opening A" at the end
of the return nozzle A, as indicated by the yellow arrows. This slide
valve A' may in this way be closed or opened according as the pressure
of the steam or resistance to be overcome by the power of the engine
my require. Thus arranged, and on steam from a steam generator or
boiler being admitted by the pipe A in front, the steam and its annular
nozzle A' induces or draws in the air that is in the return pipe F, and
sends a strong current of steam and air in through the pipe A* and
induction port B', guided on to the vanes c of the wheel C in thin
streams by the plates or "louver boards" b, b, b, so as to impinge on the
vanes c, and impel or force round the motive wheel O, as indicated by
the arrows at c passing out through the exhaust port B in thin streams
between the plates or "louver boards" 6 fitted in this port also, so that as
cach vanc c comes round to the first plate the current on the top of
the first plate tends to induce or draw out the layer of steam flowing out
through the space or spaces below it, and so on successively down as
each vane of the wheel passes the exhaust port B, and thereby effectively
exhausts the steam from the cavities or buckets of the wheel before fully.
passing this port. The exhaust steam thence passes round through the
return pipe 1', as indicated by the blue darts, being partially condensed
into water in its course, but whatever air or steam is not condensed is
induced in through the return steam nozzle pipe A of the annular
nozzle injector A' by the initial inducing jet of steam through it, and
sent along with the initial steam from the boiler again to act over the
vanes of the motive wheel C, and so on continuously, the course of the
currents being as indicated by the blue, yellow, and black arrows; the

page_text: or boner through the water pipe
of the engine being all as indicated by the darts and arrows as before
named.
Figure 5 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 6 an external
elevation of an impact motive wheel or engine of the same general
description as that just described in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
but designed for greater power and larger in diameter, having also
three inducing steam injectors and corresponding three separate inducing
ports and exhaust ports leading the steam or vapour on, upon, and
out from the motive wheel at separate and at equal distances from each
other into the case. Each inducing nozzle and its induction port induces
the steam from the exhaust port next to it. The same letters refer to
similar parts as in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. Steam is admitted from the
steam generator or boiler by the inlet branch and steam cock A' and
pipe A, A, A, to the three annular nozzle steam-inducing injectors
A', A', A', which severally, as explained in connection with Figures 1
and 2, send a current of steam or vapour through the induction port B
to which it is connected, and to the vanes c, c, c, of the motive wheel C
intervening, and through the exhaust port B³, and passing through the
return pipe F, as indicated by the blue darts, and then induced into the
successive induction ports B", B, and what the inducing nozzle docs.
not take in escapes by the waste steam pipes F', the condensed water
being trapped by the annular traps F', F, F', in the bent return pipes
F, F, F, by the return water pipes F, F, and branch pipe F, to the
water cistern E, the water from which cistern being led to the boiler
by the pipe G. A waste steam pipe E is connected to the top part of
the water cistern E for conveying away the waste steam (if any) which.
may pass into the cistern by the branch pipe 13 from the lower return
pipe F. Thus arranged three successive currents of motive vapour arc
made to impinge and impell the motive wheel C at three corresponding
sections of its circumference, and thereby by consuming and utilizing
corresponding steam by each inducing injector obtains increased and

page_text: correspondingly greater power than would be obtained from one set of
ports. The course of the currents of steam and water arc as indicated
by the arrows and darts.
Figure 7 is an external plan, Figure 8 an elevation partly in section
of a similar motive-power engine to that described in connection with
Figures 1 and 2, but having two steam induction ports B', B*, on one
side of the wheel case B, one at the upper, and the other at the under
side, with corresponding escape or exhaust ports B3, B5, at the upper and
under sides opposite the induction ports for being used or for making
the vapour current pass from either induction port for the purpose of
reversing the motion of the motive wheel C. The return steam pipes
F, F, are bent round and along at the side of the case B, as seen in plan
Figure 7, and have a separate set of pipes for each pair of induction and
exhaust ports, but otherwise there is no substantial difference in this
engine from that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2, and the
same letters refer to the same parts in each. The branch steam pipe A
has fixed in it the three-way cock A, which by turning the handle on
its key introduces the steam to the top side inducing injector A', or to
the bottom inducing injector A2, which produces corresponding reverse
motions in the motive wheel C. The course of the currents in the
return pipes F, and the flow of the water to the cistern E through the
pipes F and F are as indicated by the arrows. Although the motion of
the motive wheel C is made to reverse the course of the currents of the.
steam and water do not reverse in these pipes, one set remains empty
while the others are in action or use, in this way an effective reversing
motion is obtained.
Figure 9 is an elevation of a motive-power engine composed of two
combined motive-power engines, each similar to that described in con-
nection with Figures 1 and 2. The object of this arrangement is to
cause the exhaust vapour from the first motive wheel in the case B to
pass on to actuate the second wheel in the case B" the better to utilize
its force and condense it into water, and thence pass round the return
pipe F back to the inducing steam injector A¹. The water from the
condensed steam being trapped by the annular trap F passing down
through the branch pipe F into the cistern E. The two spindles D, D",
of the motive wheels are geared together to the cross shaft D, which
by the three cog wheels indicated by the dotted circles D', D', D³, the
cross shaft Du being used as the connection for giving out the power of

page_text: the combined engines. The same letters of reference refer to the same
parts as in Figures 1 and 2, and the direction of the motion of the
wheels, and course of the steam, water, and air currents are as indicated
by the arrows.
Figure 10 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 11 an end elevation
partly in section, of a motive-power engine, to be actuated by this
improved return mode of utilizing the force of steam having a motive
wheel similar to an ordinary inward flow water turbine or water wheel.
The steam is admitted by a branch pipe connection A to an annular
steam inducing jet nozzle A' similar to that described in connection with
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, with slight modifications at the point of the inner
casing at a to direct the current of motive vapour through the conical
annular casing A into the motive wheel case B at the annular
space B, B2, between the periphery of the motive wheel C and the inner
circumferential surface of the case, and thence inwards to the centre of
the wheel through the curved vanes c of the motive wheel, as indicated
by the arrows seen in Figure 11, and thence again passing from the
centre of the motive wheel C through the central return channel F to bo
induced back through the annular channel A and on through the
motive wheel again, as indicated by the blue arrows and darts, the waste
steam escaping by the central orifice or pipe or branch pipe piece F, and
the water from the condensed steam passes down through the branch B³
of the case B of the wheel down through the branch pipe E to the
water cistern E, from which it is fed away to supply the boiler or steam
generator. The motive wheel C is keyed on the spindle D, which works
in the bush bearing B' formed or fixed on the side plate B of the case
and the bush bracket D'. The conical piece C which forms the inner
surface of the annular induction channel A and central return
channel F is composed of thin plates, and is fixed upon and revolves
with the motive wheel C. The power of the engine may be given off
by a belt pulley D or by cog wheels or other gear. Where the parts are
similar the same letters refer to the same parts as in Figures 1 and 2, and
the direction of the motion of the currents are all as indicated by the
arrows.
Figure 12 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 13 an external
clevation of a similar motive-power engine to that described in con-
nection with Figures 10 and 11 with only some different details for
causing it to reverse. The same letters refer to the same parts in each,

page_text: and the same description answers for both except these reversing details,
which I shall describe. The inducing annular steam nozzle A', A", is
formed double, having corresponding steam branch pipe connections A
and A, which are joined together with the three-way steam cock A¹¹¹,
which by turning the key handle shown turns on the steam to either
steam branches A or A*. When the steam is turned on to the branch
steam pipe A and thereby caused to issue from the annular nozzle a, the
direction of the current of steam or vapour is as indicated by the arrows,
and the motion and action similar to that described by Figures 10 and
11. On the steam being turned into the steam branch pipe A* it issues
from the annular nozzle b, and sends the current into the centre of tho
turbine and out through the vanes c in the manner of an outward-flow.
turbine, and thence round the conical and annular channels B³, A",
thus reversing the motion of the motive wheel C. The inner conical
surface and piece of these channels C does not in this modification
rovolve with the motive wheel O, and the waste steam escapes by the
central waste pipe F¹.
Figure 14 is a side elevation, partly in section, Figure 15 an end
sectional elevation through the line a-b in Figure 14, and Figure 16
an external end elevation of a motive-power engine, to be actuated
also by the same form of a steam inducing annular nozzle to induce
in the waste or return steam from the exhaust port of the case,
having a reaction motive wheel or mechanical motor similar to the
well known water wheel known as Whitelaw's water wheel, the con-
struction of this wheel will be readily understood from the sectional
Drawings. The same letters of reference indicate similar parts or parts
serving the same purpose as in Figures 1 and 2. The steam is
admitted from the boiler to the steam branch pipe A and the annular
jet nozzle A¹, and issues into the centre of the motive wheel C, and
thence issues out at the two jet nozzles c, c, in the periphery of the
wheel C, indicated by the arrows in Figure 15, causing the motive
wheel to revolve by the reaction of the issuing jets of steam, which then
flows into the case B, and passes out by the connected return pipe F
round, as indicated by the arrows, back to the annular inducing jet
nozzle A', and induced in by the jet of steam, and sent through the
motive wheel C again. The condensed water being trapped by the
trap F, is directed and led down through the pipe F into the water
cistern E, the waste steam, or such a portion of the steam as the inducing

page_text: jet nozzle does not induce and send through the motive wheel again,
passes out by the waste pipe F¹, and the course of the currents are as
indicated by the arrows. Although I have shown only one form of
inducing jet nozzle for taking in exhaust steam or air along with the
steam from the boiler, mainly that of the annular form and jet, which
I prefer as the best, yet still other forms of jets will serve the same
purpose. And Figure 17 is a sectional side clevation, and Figure 18 an
end elevation of a modification, in which the pipe A leads in the steam
from the boiler, and issues it in the form of a cylindrical jet from a
conical nozzle A' in the centre of the large pipe A², which admits the
cold air at A" by the sliding valve piece A³, as indicated by the yellow
arrows, while by the branch pipe F the return steam is induced and
forced through the pipe A', as indicated by the blue arrow.
Figure 19 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 20 an end elevation
of another form of inducing jet nozzle to be used for these return steam
motive-power engines, in which the pipe A admits the steam from the
boiler and is formed at its extremity into a cylindrical jet piece A' within
the nozzle piece A2, as in the previous modification. The branch pipe A"
admits the cold air when required, controlled by a valve A³ and the
pipe F the return steam, the combined current passing out by the pipe
or channel A*, as indicated by the blue arrows. Where great power and
slow angular motion is required in the motive wheel large diameters are
necessary, and in such cases a large cylindrical drum or motive wheel
with angularly placed or curved vanes fixed upon its periphery, and
steam or vapour passed along these vanes in a parallel direction to the
axis of the motive wheel in a correspondingly large jet or current, will
produce this result.
On Sheet 5 of my Drawings Figure 21 is an end elevation partly in
section, Figure 22, for the most part, a sectional side elevation through
the line a-a, in Figure 21; and Figure 23 an external plan of a
motive-power engine of this description. A steam pipe A, from a steam
boiler or generator leads the steam to an annular jet nozzle A', into
which the return steam current jet pipe A2 is entered, fitted with the
annular sliding valve piece A³ for regulating the annular opening A" for
the admission of cold air, and the nozzle piece A' is connected to the
motive wheel case B at the induction port B of the motor. A portion
of the end plate of the case B is shown broken off in Figure 21, and a
portion of the periphery plate B² of the case B on the line a-a, Figure 23,

page_text: to show the form of the motive wheel, which is made of one casting,
with sets of arms C2, C, and centre C' at each end of the rim plate C³,
from which the curved obliquely set vanes c, c, c, project; a portion
also of the rim plate Cs being broken off to show the arms and rim
plate C in section, with the full breadth of one vane c in its position
when placed in line with and between the induction port B' and exhaust
port B³ in the case. The motive wheel C is keyed upon the spindle D,
and made to run truly in the bushes B', B', fixed in the ends of the
case B and bush bracket D', and having a pulley D keyed upon it for
giving off its power by a belt, the motive wheel C and its vanes c being
made to revolve freely and out of contact with the case, accurate fitting
not being necessary. The exhaust port B³ has connected to it the pipe F
for conveying the exhaust steam to the branch pipe F', having a water
trap F and branch F for carrying down the condensed water and waste
steam to the cistern E, the exhaust or return current pipe F being from
the water trap F thence carried round and terminating in the return
current jet pipe A², as explained. A condensed water pipe B³ and E¹
conveys the water from condensation in the case B to the cistern E, and
a pipe G is connected to the cistern for leading away the water to the
steam boiler or generator, and the cistern also has connected a pipe E³
for conveying away the waste steam. Thus arranged, and steam being
made to enter by the steam pipe A, a current is caused to pass in a
straight line across the periphery and between the vanes c, c, c, of the
motive wheel C from the induction port B' to the exhaust port B³, and
round the return pipe F, the current impinging on the after sides of the
vanes and causing the wheel C to revolve, the motion of the motive
wheel being as indicated by the arrow on the end of the case B in
Figure 21 at c, c, and the course of the fluid currents as indicated by the
blue, yellow, and black arrows. The guiding or "louver board" plates b
in the induction and exhaust ports for retaining the current in direct
line are placed vertically in this modification, as scen in Figure 23 by
the dotted lines b, b, b. It will be readily understood that various
modifications can be made of this form of motive-power engine to be
actuated by return steam currents; and two or more sets of ports can be
formed in the case, or annular ports all the diameter of the case, and
the vanes of the motive wheel may be formed so short as to resemble
the vanes of a windmill. In using steam from a common steam boiler
for these return steam current motive-power engines the steam and
return steam or vapour, before it reaches the motive wheel, may be super.

page_text: heated and increased in volume and force in a vessel or tapering channel
or pipe, by the pipe being led through the waste heated gases passing
from the boiler flue or fire-box to the chimney.
Figure 24 is a plan, and Figure 25 a sectional elevation, showing the
jet pipe A passed through the fire-box I2 of an ordinary vertical dome
boiler I and flue I" leading to the chimney, controlled by a damper Is
between or in its passage from the jet nozzle piece A' and the induction
port B of the motive wheel C. This motive-power engine is otherwise
nearly identical with that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2
on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, and the same letters refer to like parts and
therefore need not be here further described. The course of the currents
are as indicated by the arrows; and the current in the jet pipe as it
passes through the flue I" and fire-box I is expanded and correspond-
ingly intensified in force. The steam current also may be expanded by
direct contact with the heated gases in the furnace by having a portion
of the jet pipe A* formed similar to that shown in Figures 23 and 24 on
Sheet 1 of my Drawings; or portion of the gases may be induced into
the pipe by an inducing jet nozzle A', as shown in section, Figure 26,
which represents a part of the boiler I where the pipe A* passes through
it; or the jet nozzle pipe A' may be formed with a number of
openings d, d, d, as shown in section in Figure 27, by a similar portion
of the boiler I and jet pipe A*; the course of the currents are as
indicated by the arrows. Where any considerable portion of the waste
gases or gases of combustion are induced into the jet pipe A', as
explained, correspondingly large waste pipes, F³, F2, and E have to be
provided. In another form all the waste gases and heated air may be
induced in along with the steam into the motive-power engine to actuate
it, and thereafter returned in a circular channel having its concave side
open for the return or exhaust vapour or gases to come in contact with
the atmosphere for the absorption of oxygen or fresh air; a portion of
the heated current thus returned is sent through the boiler or steam
generator furnace to support the combustion of the fuel, and the water
from the condensed vapour trapped and led off for the supply of the
boiler or generator.
Figure 28 is a sectional side clevation, and Figure 29 an external end
elevation of a Cornish boiler having a motive-power engine fixed upon
the top of it, adapted to be actuated by a return current of vapour in
this way, the motive wheel C and all the parts of this engine being

page_text: similar, and correspondingly lettered to that described in connection
with Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, need not be here
further described than in reference to the parts of the apparatus for
maintaining and regulating the currents peculiar to this modification of
my said Invention. Steam is conducted from the boiler I through the
vertical steam pipe A to the annular jet nozzle A¹ connected to the
induction port B' of the engine, and a cock a' and pipe a connected to
the boiler and bent downwards leads steam to an annular jet nozzle a,
similar to the other jet nozzles A', connected to the boiler underneath
the furnace, and to which the return pipe or channel F is connected.
The boiler I is provided with tight furnace and ash-pit doors G, G,
and at the back end of the fluc G" to that of the furnace I' a mouth
casting G, to which the forcing pipe A is connected, terininating in
the bent jet or forcing pipe A. The return current pipe F from the
part to the part F is formed open on the under side, the transverse
section of this part being as shown drawn to a larger scale in Figure 30,
the space a, b, being open to the atmosphere, and to prevent the con-
densed water which adheres to the surface of the channel or pipe from
dropping out small "rone" channels g and g' are formed in it; the
return pipe being thence continued on to the annular jet nozzle A¹ a,
underneath the boiler furnace, as shown and explained. A branch
pipe traps and leads off the condensed water to the cistern E, which
is provided with a branch pipe G for leading away the condensed water
to the boiler and a waste vapour pipe E; thus arranged and the steam
from the boiler being admitted to the steam pipes A and a² the motion
of.the.currents are as indicated by the arrows, and motion of the motive
wheel C as the arrows placed upon it. The mixed steam and gases
become greatly expanded in the furnace I' and flue G" and form a highly
expansive vapour at a moderate pressure and in great volume, which
inducing cold air at the opening A", and all impinging against the
vanes of the motive wheel C, causes it to revolve, the pipe F carrying it
back again with its oxygen partially restored to it in passing through
the open channel F to F by exposure to the atmosphere, and its
centrifugal force in passing round the curve retaining it, or most part
of it, in its course. Whilst the return mode of utilizing the force of
steam or vapour as described can be wrought with advantage by steam
or vapour from an ordinary boiler, it is also intended to apply and uso
the steam or vapour generator described under the first head or section
of this my said Invention for generating vapour to work these return

page_text: current motive-power engines; portion of the waste gases to be returned
to the generating channel or to the furnace, or portion of the exhaust
vapour can be returned and re-induced to the motive wheel along with
the vapour from the generator.
Figure 31 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 32 an end elevation
of a similar motive-power engine to that just described, but instead of
a Cornish boiler being used for generating steam a vapour generator with
duplex furnace I and heating channel D³ with angular "louver "-formed
recesses d, d, d, is employed for generating the actuating motive fluid
current much similar in construction to that described in connection
with Figures 51 and 52 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, and the generator
therefore need not be again described. The motive-power engine, all
except that the annular jet nozzles A', A'a, are dispensed with, are the
same as that just described in connection with Figures 28, 29, and 30,
and the same letters of reference refer to similar parts, and therefore
does not require other explanation. The motion of the motive wheel C
is as indicated by the arrows upon it, and the motion of the currents is
as indicated by the black and coloured arrows and darts. This return
mode of utilizing the force of steam can be applied with advantage to
cylinder engines with reciprocating pistons, and in one form by con-
necting the induction steam ports and passages to the cylinder, and
having an annular space formed in the centre or at some intermediate
point in the passage, with a tubular valve piece or annular jet nozzle
at this space, and the steam regulated so as to direct the current by
"tappet," eccentric, or other suitable valve motion, which admits the
steam to the cylinder when the piston gets to the end of the stroke, for
forcing it to the other end of the cylinder, whilst at the same instant
it establishes a connection for causing an exhausting action on the
opposite side of the piston. The steam or vapour, or what of it remains
not condensed into water, is induced in and forced by the jet from the
annular jet nozzle to the forcing side of the piston; as the motion of
the piston and connecting rod traverses, and as the crank and crank
shaft goes round, the water from the condensed steam is trapped in the
passages to a pipe or reservoir, the steam admitted into the cylinder
bing sufficiently small in quantity to allow of the engine for the most
part abstracting or utilizing in force such a proportion of heat as will
condense it into water which can all, or nearly all, be returned to the
boiler.

page_text: Figure 33 is an elevation partly in section, and Figure 34 a plan
also partly in section, on Sheet 6 of my Drawings, showing a horizontal
steam engine arranged to be actuated in this way. The sole plate,
crank shaft, fly wheel, crank, and connecting rod are similar to the same
parts in an ordinary high-pressure steam engine, and need not therefore
be described; the steam cylinder and immediate parts, which are large
in proportion to the other parts of the engine, so as to act by a low
pressure of actuating vapour, only requiring description. On steam being
admitted from the boiler to the pipe and cock or valve A and to the
casing J, to produce motion on the piston in the direction of the arrow 1,
the slide valve e is moved by the eccentric e on the crank shaft, until
it admits steam through the passage e¹ to the annular jet nozzle A',
which induces the exhaust steam from the exhaust or other side of
the piston, causing it to pass through the passage or jet pipe A', and
sends it along with the steam from the boiler through the jet pipe A*
and port B, the water from condensation being trapped by the annular
trap and diverted down by the pipe F to the cistern E. When the
piston in motion in this direction gets to the end of the stroke, the
eccentric e on the crank shaft has moved the slide valve e until the
steam is allowed to pass through the passage e" into the annular jet
nozzle a', which is set in the opposite direction to that of the nozzle A¹
and induces out the steam from the cylinder through the port B' and
jet pipe At, as indicated by the blue darts on it, and sends the current
through the jet pipe a, as indicated by the blue arrow placed on it,
through the induction pipe b' at the opposite end of the cylinder B,
and thus giving motion to the piston in the opposite direction, or that
indicated by the arrow 2. When the current is in motion in this
direction the water from the condensed steam is trapped by the annular
trap F', and led by the branch pipe F into the cistern E, the water
from the cistern E being led away by the pipe G to the boiler.
pipe E is connected to the cistern E to lead away the waste steam
that passes down through the branch pipes f and F. The motion of this
engine is otherwise similar to that of an ordinary steam engine, the
eccentric on the crank shaft giving motion to the slide valve e so as
to open and close the passages at the required positions of the piston,
and give continuous action as in ordinary high-pressure steam engines.
Besides being thus suitable for reciprocating crank engines, a useful
modification for utilizing the force of steam in this way is obtained
by long cylinders for working hoists and other similar machines with
A

page_text: the motion wrought by hand for producing a single traverse or stroke
of the piston at a time.
Figure 35 is a sectional elevation of this arrangement, and as the
cylinder and all the parts are exactly similar to that described in con-
nection with Figures 33 and 34, and the same letters of reference
referring to like parts, the description given in connection with these
is sufficient, the only difference being that instead of the slide valve e
being wrought by an eccentric it is in this case adapted to be worked
by hand. The piston rod of the cylinder is shown fitted with a chain
for working over pulleys in the ordinary manner of piston hoists.
The essential, new, or improved feature of this part of my Invention
consists in returning the steam from the exhaust side of the motive
wheels or pistons in such a way as to cause a portion of it to be induced
by a jet of steam in over again or afresh, by the inducing jets of steam
from the boiler or vapour generator to propel a motive-power engine;
and in combination with this the means for trapping the condensed
water for supplying the boiler or steam generator.
Another improvement under the second head or section of this said
Invention consists in mechanism for working motive wheels and turbines
by steam and air combined or mixed by direct single currents, or a
current only once passed through or over the vanes of an impelled
motive wheel or turbine, the motive wheels with their cases being
essentially of the same construction as those described in connection
with Figures 1 to 16 on Sheet 4, and Figures 21 to 32 on Sheet 5, of my
Drawings, and the same letters of reference refer to like parts in these
Figures.
Figure 36 is a side elevation partly in section, and Figure 37 an
external end clevation of a motive-power engine similar to that described
in connection with Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, but in
place of the return steam pipe F being connected to the exhaust port of
the motive-wheel case, as seen in these Figures, I attach to the exhaust
port B of the motive-wheel case (Figures 36 and 37, on Sheet 6 of my
Drawings) an expanding throat, conical, or trumpet-shaped pipe F for
carrying off the waste steam and air current after it has passed from the
motive wheel of the engine. On steam being admitted from a steami
boiler or generator by the steam pipe A to the annular jet nozzle A'
a large quantity of cold air is induced in at the central opening A",
and passes combined with the steam through the jet pipe A, and

page_text: induction port B', and between the "louver boards" or guiding vanes
b, b, b, in the port B' in thin streams or jets so as to impinge against the
vanes c, c, c, of the wheel C, and give motion to it in the direction of
the black arrow placed upon it at c. The current is also exhausted
from the vanes of the wheel in thin streams in the exhaust port B³, and
from thence passes into the expanding throat pipe F, which produces
after the current is started an exhausting action, and its increased area
at the discharge, or where it may enter another channel, causes the
current to escape with little force or back pressure on the vanes of tho
wheel. Where practicable this pipe should be prolonged in the tan-
gential line of the induction and eduction ports B' and B, in length
about ten times its diameter at the exhaust port B, and its sectional
area at its extremity should be about four times its area at its junction
with the port B³; the same exhausting action will be more or less
obtained by bending it upwards or otherwise as indicated by the dotted
lines if its trumpet form be preserved, but the straight form as described
acts with most advantage.
Figure 38 is an elevation partly in section, and Figure 39 a sectional
side clevation, of a motive-power engine also adapted to be actuated by
mixed steam and air passed once through the motive wheel C; the form
of this motive-power engine is with slight modifications that of a up-
ward flow turbine, and similar to that described in connection with
Figures 12 and 13, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, when it is there acting
as an outward-flow turbine; the same letters also refer to like parts,
and need not be here again described. On steam being admitted by the
pipe A to the annular jet nozzle A¹, the motion of the currents is as
indicated by the coloured arrows, the motion of the motive wheel O
being as indicated by the arrow on the case in Figure 38, and the
exhaust vapour after it has passed through the wheel C escapes by the
trumpet-shaped pipe F connected to the turbine wheel case B.
Figure 40 is a side clevation partly in section, and Figure 41 an end
clevation of a motive-power engine, also adapted to be actuated by mixed
steam and air; the form of the motive wheel in this engine is the same
as that known as Whitelaw's water wheel, and all its parts are similar to
that described in connection with Figures 14, 15, and 16, on Sheet 4 of
my Drawings, except that I have in this modification (Figures 40
and 41), connected to the case B the trumpet-shaped exhaust pipe F;
the same letters indicating the like parts in these Figures, and thereforo

page_text: this motive engine need not again be described. The direction of the
currents is as indicated by the coloured arrows, and the motion of the
motive wheel by the arrow on the case B in Figure 41. In these modi-
fications of motive-power engines described in reference to the Figures
on Sheet 6, to be actuated by direct currents of steam and air passed once
over or through the motive wheel, the annular steam inducing nozzle A',
the guiding plates or "louver boards" b, b, b, (in the induction and
exhaust ports B and B³, whereby the current is led on and off the
impelled motive wheel,) and the exhausting trumpet-shaped pipe F are
the novel and essential features in this part of my Invention. The jet
or current pipe A' may be formed long for the transmission of power to
long distances, as steam and air mixed in this way does not condense
readily.
Figure 42 is a side elevation partly in section, showing a motive-power
engine similar to that described in connection with Figures 36 and 37,
but besides being adapted to be actuated by steam and air mixed as
there described, this modification is also adapted to be in part actuated
by waste gases from a furnace, induced in among the steam and
air in motion to rarify and expand the current, and to increase its
volume and force, the temperature of the waste gases from a boiler
furnace being much higher than steam and air alone mixed in this way.
A vertical dome boiler I of the ordinary description is shown in section
connected to this motive-power engine with the internal fire-box 1,
having the funnel I" led direct to the centre of the annular steam jet
inducing nozzle A', the funnel I" being also continued upwards for
carrying away the gases when the engine is not in action, and provided
with a damper I, for closing when the heated gases are wanted for the
engine. The horizontal flue part of this funnel I" is shown contracted
into a jet pipe A2, about one-third part smaller in diameter than the
internal diameter of the annular steam inducing nozzle A', and of its
pipe A, and is led past the issuing annular steam jet of the nozzle A',
as shown; the cold or atmospheric air therefore is first induced in by
the annular steam jet through the annular opening or channel A", and
the current thus formed induces in the heated furnace gases at a point
beyond the steam annular nozzle A', causing increased expansion and
force of the whole motive fluid, which passes in through the induction
port B of the motive wheel C, and impells it round in the direction
indicated by the arrow placed on the case B, the exhaust current

page_text: passing out by the trumpet-shaped pipe F, all as indicated by the
coloured arrows. The annular steam jet nozzle A', current guiding or
"louver board " plates b, b, b, in the induction and exhaust ports B'
and B, and the exhausting trumpet pipe F, together with the arrange-
ment for introducing the waste gases at a point in the jet or current
pipe A beyond the annular steam jet nozzle A' are the novel and
essential improvements or features of this part of my Invention. The
course of currents is as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Instead of the
heated gases from the furnace being induced in through the centre of
the steam nozzle A', by the jet pipe A as described in connection with
Figure 42, the heated gases may be induced in at the branch pipe A² 6,
and the whole of the area A" of the centre of the steam nozzle A¹ left
for the induction of cold air.
Figure 43 is an elevation of this arrangement of nozzle A' and
current pipe A, with a branch pipe A3 b, and annular nozzle opening a"
for the induction of the heated gases from the furnace, the arrangement
of the steam nozzle A¹, ports B' and B³ in the case, and trumpet
exhausting pipe F being the same as described in connection with
Figure 42; the course of the currents being as indicated by the coloured
arrows. Instead also of the cold or atmospheric air being induced in
through the centre of the annular steam jet nozzle A' first, as described
in connection with Figures 42 and 43, I also induce in the heated gases
from the furnace through the centre of this form of annular steam
inducing nozzle, and thereafter induce in the cold air to be expanded by
the combined steam and heated gases.
Figure 44 is an elevation of an annular steam nozzle A¹, and current
pipe A, in which the heated gases are admitted by the end orifice
marked Ab and the branch pipe and nozzle used for the induction of
the cold air, marked in this Figure A and a"; the same arrangement.
for the conveyance of the current through the ports B and B³, with
guiding plates b, b, b, and exhausting trumpet pipe F, being with these
retained as the essentially new features of this part of my Invention.
Although also I prefer to use the annular steam inducing jet nozzle A',
yet with my other improvements of the induction and exhaust ports
B' and B, and "louver boards" or guiding plates b, b, b, in these ports,
and trumpet exhaust pipe F, I also use a small cylindrical steam jet
inducing nozzle A¹ (in lieu of the annular nozzle A'), similar to that
described in connection with Figure 17 on Sheet 4 of my Drawings;

page_text: the heated gases to be induced by the branch pipe A", instead of
exhaust steam by the branch marked F, as there described. The modi-
fications of motive-power engines as described in connection with
Figures 1 to 16, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, and Figures 21 to 24, on
Sheet 5 of my Drawings, are with the modification of the motive current
pipes suitable to be actuated in this way with simple direct currents of
combined steam, atmospheric air, and heated gases passed once over or
through their motive wheels C, and may have several pairs of induction
and exhaust ports B' and B³, as described in connection with Figures 5
and 6, or be caused to reverse their action as described in connection
with Figures 7 and 8, on Sheet 4 of my Drawings.
Another improvement under this second head or section of my said
Invention consists in a mode of transmitting power and actuating
pistons or other equivalent motive parts of motive-power engines, or
rotating wheels or turbines, already in part described in connection with
this second head or section of this my said Invention. By exhausting
pure or atmospheric air in through these motive-power engines by the
exhausting action of inducing injectors, produced by the same means
and apparatus as hercin-before described for generating and directing
currents (under the first and second heads of my Invention), the con-
struction of the motive-power engines being similar to all those described
in connection with the foregoing second part of this Invention, but in
some cases the motive wheels require no enclosing cases, the sur-
rounding air flowing inwards to the turbine motive wheels, and causing
them to revolve; power may in this way be transmitted to great
distances in mines, factories, and warehouses, and at the same time
exhaust away the surrounding air, and tend to promote ventilation.
Figure 15 is a side elevation partly in section, Figure 46 an external
pan, and Figure 47 an end external elevation of exhausting ejector,
and one modification of a turbine, with the pipe connections to show
how this mode of transmitting power nay be carried into effect. Where
there is a number of motive-power engines to be actuated from one
main exhausting pipe, I prefer to use a corresponding number of small
steam ejectors, instead of one large one, as in cases where one or more
of the engines to be actuated might require to be at rest, a waste of
steam would be incurred while part only of the engines were at work.
A steam pipe A conveys steam from a steam generator to the two steam
annular jet inducing nozzles A; A', which are similar to those described

page_text: in connection with Figures 3 and 4 on Sheet 4 of my Drawings, the
steam to each being regulated by a stop-cock A", the action of which
exhausts the air from the main exhaust pipe F, and ejects it through
the trumpet-shaped pipes F, F, which are similar to that described in
connection with Figures 36 and 37, which increases the effective action
of the ejectors. Where the steam is generated by a common steam
boiler the effective exhausting action may also be increased, and the
fucl required for the boiler be economised by inducing in the waste
heated gases from the furnace by the pipe I and the waste gases jet
pipes A, A2; the exhausting action of the steam jet nozzles A' causing
a partial vacuum in the main pipe F, into which, where there is an
opening formed at any point, the atmospheric air will flow in with
considerable force. A turbine wheel C, of the Whitelaw water wheel
form, and similar to that described in reference to Figures 40 and 41
without the case B, is shown as fitted to the pipe F, the air flowing
inwards instead of outwards through the jet openings c of the wheels C,
into the pipe F, as indicated by the yellow arrows, causes it to revolve in
the direction of the arrow placed upon it. The spindle D of the turbine-
wheel C has a band pulley D keyed upon it, and in Figure 45 a band D³
is shown carried up to a pulley D, through which the power of the
wheel C is transmitted to the shaft of the pulley D, or other equivalent
gear applicable for transmitting the power, as circumstances may require.
Any of the modifications of motive-power engines described on Sheet 4
of my Drawings in connection with Figures 1 to 16, on Sheet 5
described in connection with Figures 21, 22, and 23, and on Sheet 6 in
connection with Figures 33, 34, and 35, are all with slight modifications
suitable for being actuated by exhausting action in this way.
For working warehouse hoists an arrangement of cylinder similar to
that described in connection with Figure 35 will with slight modifi-
cations be suitable, but large area for such purposes being required, and
accurate fitting not being necessary, a square form of reciprocating engine
will be found suitable, fitted with a piston, and may be composed of
plates of metal or planks of wood.
For coal mining, quarrying, and similar purposes where portable
motors are required, the connection may be obtained by a flexible hose
pipe and applied to light boring purposes, such as for working a drill.
Figure 48 shows a light turbine made of light tin plate, and similar
to that described in connection with Figures 45 and 46, the spindle D of

page_text: which is here shown fitted with a drill D', and ports c of the wheel C
being left open to the atmosphere.
"
Figure 49 shows a light portable cylinder B adapted to have a piston
and rod actuated for working a jumper" drill D and D', the
exhausting action being regulated by hand by the valve A5 and
handle A which is similar to the working valve of a steam hammer,
the piston and drill being raised by the exhausting action above the
piston in the cylinder B, and the descent caused by the valve being
closed to the pipe F and open to the atmosphere, to allow the piston
and drill to fall by their gravity; a handle D being provided to turn
round the jumper drill D.
The essential, new, or improved feature of this part of my Invention
is the employment of steam inducing ejectors as described, to actuate
motive-power engines by exhaustive currents or jets; though I prefer
the annular steam inducing jet nozzle A³, as described, as the most
efficient for this purpose, yet I may use any of the forms of inducing
jet nozzles described on Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of my Drawings for this
means of transmitting power by exhausting atmospheric air, as
described.
Another mode or means of applying the improvements under the
second head of this my said Invention consists in actuating motive-
power engines by heating water and generating steam in a boiler
similar to the process of generating steam for a steam engine, but
instead of the steam being taken or led in pipes to expand and transmit
its force to a piston, or any impelled equivalent, I draw or take off
the water in the boiler to propel or actuate engines, returning the
same again to the boiler in a continuous or approximately continuous
stream; the steam generated in the boiler to be led off to an injector
at or near the ingress end of the water return pipe to the boiler, to
induce and force back the water into the boiler, and by the action of
the steam in this way maintain the continuity of the impelling water
current. Wheels or turbines similar to those used generally as water-
power engines, connected to and between the egress and ingress end
of the water pipe from and to the boiler, are suitable as motive wheels
for taking the power from the water in motion; by these means and
by suitable means for regulating the returning currents reciprocating
piston motive-power engines under some circumstances and conditions
can also be advantageously actuated in this way.

page_text: On Sheet 7 of my Drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation showing all
the working parts in section, and Figure 2 an external plan, showing
an ordinary vertical dome, and internal fire-box boiler, having a funnel.
from the side of the fire-box to convey away the smoke and waste
gases, safety valve, and the ordinary mountings for a steam engine
boiler, and arranged to actuate a motive wheel by water from the
boiler, as described, the motive wheel with its case and parts being.
similar to that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2, on
Sheet 4 of my Drawings. A steam pipe A, conveys steam from the
boiler to an annular inducing jet nozzle A', similar in construction
to that described in connection with Figures 3 and 4, on Sheet 4 of
my Drawings, the steam pipe A having in it a regulating stop-cock
A The water pipe B is fixed and jointed in the top of the boiler,
descends down into the boiler below the water line, and is carried.
round and down as shown, and connected to the induction port B
of the motive-wheel case B³, and the return pipe F is connected to
the exhaust port B³ of the motive-wheel case B', and carried down,
round and up, in an ascending direction, so as to join the annular
inducing jet nozzle A'. The ascending part of the returning water
pipe F being provided with a cylindrical jet nozzle F', to which the
boiler feed water pipe G and regulating stop-cock G', is connected.
The annular jet nozzle piece A' is carried forward and terminated
in the cylindrical jet nozzle A³, inside a waste steam and water chamber
F, which is provided with a branch pipe F, to which a closing cock E
and steam and water pipe E' is connected and continued on to discharge
the waste water and steam into the cistern E". The waste steam and
water chamber F is provided with an expanding throat channel F
proportioned to the area of the jet nozzle A³, and is set in line and
opposite to it. This throat channel F has cast on its top end a
valve chest F³, which has fitted in it the two self-closing and opening
hinged valves fand f', the ascending return pipe F being connected
to this chest, and ascending up through the centre of the boiler fire-
box I, as shown, and enters and is jointed in the centre of the crown
of the fire-box plate, and terminated in a jet nozzle F7 opposite the
bell mouth of the forcing or eduction water pipe B, the water from
the boiler being prevented from passing down through the pipe E,
by the self-closing valves fand f¹. To cause the water to circulate, to
assist the action of the upward current, au annular shell plate H, H,
is placed in the centre of the water space between the fire box plate

page_text: and the outer shell plate, which has the well known effect of causing
a current of water to pass downwards close to the comparatively cold
outer shell plate, as indicated by the arrow, and an upward current
close to the fire-box, as indicated by the arrows, and thereby gives
a circulating motion in the direction of the current required for the
water passing out at the mouth B" of the eduction pipe B, and slightly
assists the action of the inducing annular steam jet nozzle A'. Thus
arranged and steam generated in the boiler, and the steam cock A
opened, as also the feed water cock G¹ and. waste steam and water
cock E the water from the boiler ascends up through and round the
pipe B to the induction port B' of the wheel case B, giving motion
to the motive wheel C, and passing from the exhaust port B, in the
motive wheel case, enters the return pipe F, and round, up, and into
the annular steam inducing nozzle A', as shown, getting its motion
greatly accelerated by. the steam, and thence issuing from the jet
nozzle A³ passes up the throat channel F', and starting up the valves
fand f, ascending up the pipe Fe, enters the boiler, and issues from
the jet nozzle F, and in this way courses round the pipes as indicated
by the black arrows, and gives motion to the motive wheel C, as
indicated by the arrow on the case B².
Figure 3 is a sectional side elevation, and Figure 4 an external
end clevation of a similar motive-power engine impelled by water,
21 common Cornish boiler I being employed to generate steam to
induce back the water and contain the necessary volume of water
for circulating through the pipes and for the generation of steam.
Except in the form of boiler used, and in the disposition of the pipes,
there is no substantial difference in this engine from the one last
described, in reference to Figures 1 and 2, and the same letters of
reference indicate the same or like parts in this modification as in the
previous, and therefore further description is unnecessary, the slight
differences being evident from the Drawing. Instead of the cylindrical
jet nozzle F for admitting the feed water employed in Figures 1 and 2
an annular jet nozzle F is here used; the arrangement of this feed
water nozzle will be better understood from the enlarged external
plan Figure 5, and sectional clevation of it shown in Figure 6, the
feed water is admitted to the annular space of the nozzle F by
the water pipe G, and the steam admitted to the annular space of
the steam jet nozzle A' by the branch pipe A. By this arrangement

page_text: there is an outer or thin surrounding stream of cold water injected into
the main stream, coursing through the pipes, which, by its close
proximity to the steam nozzle A', docs not get time to be raised to
the same temperature as the water in the centre of the moving water
column, until it reaches the steam from the annular jet nozzle A',
and in this way secures greater condensation and better motive effect
and absorption of heat, from the steam, than if the water were admitted
by a cylindrical jet, as described in connection with Figures 1 and 2.
The course of the currents and motion of the motive wheel in this
engine (Figures 3 and 4) are as indicated by the arrows.
Figure 7 is an external clevation, and Figure 8 an external plan of a
common vertical dome steam boiler, similar to that shown in section in
Figure 1, employed to actuate a reciprocating piston motive-power
engine B, the arrangement of which will hereafter be described on
Sheet 12 of my Drawings. The impelling water current is led in this
example near to the bottom of the boiler I by the pipe B direct to the
motive engine, and is shown fitted with a regulating stop-cock, the
return current pipe Fascending up to an equalizing chamber F, into
which the returning water first enters before it passes down through the
steam inducing injector and injecting throat pipe. The object of this
regulating chamber F is to recieve the intermittent discharges of
water from the reciprocating engine B'; and as there will always be
steam or vapour, more or less elastic, vapour will collect in the top of
the chamber F, and thereby act like an air vessel in the forcing pipe
of a forcing pump, and so tend to equalize the jet passing down through
the nozzle A³ and throat pipe into the boiler. By this or similar
means of rendering the exhaust current from reciprocating engines con-
tinuous or approximately so, it is intended to give motion to this or.
any ordinary form of water engine. As the injector pipes and other
parts are otherwise the same in this engine as those described in con-
nection with the foregoing Figures on this Sheet, and the same letters of
reference referring to like parts, it does not require further description.
.
Figure 9 is a sectional clevation, and Figure 10 an external plan of
a similar common vertical dome boiler to that described in connection.
with Figures 1 and 2 and 7 and 8 on this Sheet, with the same or similar
arrangement of steam and water pipes with a return water inducing
injector arranged to work a water ram B³ working in a cylinder B³,
having a chain pulley fitted on the bottom end of the cylinder, and a:

page_text: corresponding pulley on the top end of the ram for passing over the
chains to increase its lifting traverse, being the common lifting ram
and appliances of a hydraulic hoist, which need not be here described.
To actuate this reciprocating ram B³ the steam generated in the
boiler I, and producing a consequent pressure on the water in it, the
water is withdrawn from the boiler by the common three-way cock J,
which allows the water to flow down through the water forcing pipe B
into the cylinder B, and forces up the ram B3; on turning round the
handle J of the three-way cock J the communication with the boiler is
closed and a communication established between the pipe B and the
return pipe F, and at the same time the steam cock A
water flows out of the cylinder B2, and allows the ram
gravity or by the action of the resistance to the ram.
up the return pipe F through the returning injector A¹. As the
arrangement and action of the pipes and injectors are otherwise the
same as that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2, and 3 and 4,
and the same letters of reference referring to like parts, this modification
does not require other description. This arrangement for working rams
and pistons for hoists and similar purposes, from the facility for
regulating the motions and simplicity, has many advantages which hoists
actuated by steam do not possess.
being opened the
B³ to return by its
The water flowing
Figure 11 is an external elevation, similar to that shown in Figures 53
and 54 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, showing an inducing injector A' and
return pipe F connected to it. While these motive-power engines may
as shown be connected to a common steam boiler and the water returned
direct to the boiler, yet they may also be wrought by a separate vessel
filled with water and steam or vapours, or as described in reference to
Figures 53 and 54 on Sheet 3 of my Drawings, and the actuating or
inducing steam either generated in a separate common boiler or by one
of my steam or vapour generators described in connection with the first
three Sheets of my Drawings.
The essential improvement or feature of novelty in this part of my
Invention so far described in reference to the various Figures on Sheet 7
consists in withdrawing the water from the boiler or vessel containing
water and steam under pressure, to actuate motive-power engines, and
to induce or force back the water so employed to the boiler or water
reservoir by a steam inducing jet or jets, any known effective form of

page_text: steam injector being available and intended to be used for returning the
water to the boiler or reservoir.
Another part of my Invention under this second head or section, and
somewhat similar to that last described, consists in mechanism for giving
motion to water by steam injectors in a return stream or current to
actuate turbines or motive wheels, or to give motion to a hoist piston by
forcing action on one side of the piston and exhausting action on the
other.
One modification consists in an endless annular pipe or channel, in
which is cast on one side and somewhat less in diameter a case to
receive a motive wheel similar to an undershot water wheel, the annular
pipe or channel entering into and out of the case in a circular and
unbroken course, motion being given to the water to actuate the water
wheel by an inducing and forcing jet of steam or steam nozzle or
injector.
Figure 12 is a side clevation, partly in section, and Figure 13 an
external elevation of a motive-power engine arranged to be actuated in
this way. The form of the motive-power engine B used is similar to
that described in connection with Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 4 of my
Drawings, which can be referred to. Steam is led from a boiler by the
pipe A to the annular steam jet nozzle A', regulated by the steam
cock A. To the discharge side of the steam injector A¹ is connected
a segmental pipe B which, as shown, extends round and is connected to
the induction port B' of the motive engine B; and to the exhaust port
is connected the segmental return water pipe or channel picce F which
is carried round, as shown, and connected to the inducing side of the
annular steam jet nozzle piece A¹. The jet nozzle piece A', pipe B,
portion of the motive wheel case B, and the pipe F forming a con-
tinuous circular or annular channel, into which the vanes of the motive
wheel C are free to dip as it revolves. The return pipe F has cast on it
a sole plate for forming a base for the engine, and is provided with a feed
water branch pipe e for carrying away water to feed the steam boiler, a
waste water branch and pipe E¹, and a water supply jet nozzle F¹ and
pipe G. Thus arranged, and a small jet of water being made to enter by
the jet nozzle F until the annular channel and pipe channel B, B, and
F, F, are filled, and thereafter steam admitted to the annular steam jet
nozzle A through the steam pipe A, motion is given to the water in the
channel in an endless and returning stream, causing it to course through

page_text: the segmental portion of the motive wheel case B2, between the induc-
tion and exhaust ports B' and B³, and give motion to the motive wheel C
by impinging on its vanes c. The quantity of water admitted by the jet
nozzle F¹ should be such as will keep down the temperature of the water
in the endless channel, the waste heated water being conveyed away by
the waste steam pipe E. The centrifugal force of the current of water
in the channel keeps the water out of the central parts of the motive-
wheel case, and the height of the waste water pipe E' is regulated to
give sufficient head to balance the centrifugal force of the water in
motion. The motion of the engine and course of the currents are all
as indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 14 is a sectional side clevation, and Figure 15 an external end
clevation of a cylinder B fitted with a piston B³, arranged to be actuated
by a return water current wrought by a steam injector. The piston
rod B³ and cylinder B is fitted with pulleys for having a hoist chain
passed over them, as described in connection with Figures 9 and 10, and
this part need not again be described. A water pipe G conveys water
to the small tank K, which has on its under side the branch pipe K',
regulated by the trottle valve K², and admits water into the pipe F and
cylinder B until they are filled. In this state with water on both sides
of the piston, on steam being admitted to the annular jet nozzle A', and
the throttle valve K closed, or nearly closed, and one at L open, the
water is drawn out from the top side of the piston B3 and forced into
the under end of the cylinder by the injection nozzle A' until the piston
reaches the top of the cylinder or any intermediate point, as may be
required. On the steam being shut off from the injector A', and the
regulating throttle valve closed, the piston and water in the cylinder will
remain without motion, but on opening the throttle valve K the piston
will descend to the bottom of the cylinder by its own gravity, or be
assisted by the action of the hoist chains over the pulleys, the throttle
valve L or any equivalent valve affording handy means for regulating the
motion of the piston B³. The water tank K is provided with a branch
pipe e for conveying the water in a hot state for feeding the boiler, in
this modification, the heated water ascending up through the branch
pipe K', and the cold water passing down alternately will keep the tem-
perature of the water in the cylinder B² sufficiently low for the steam
injector to act. The essential improvement or feature of novelty in this
part of my Invention, as described in reference to Figures 12 to 15 on

page_text: Sheet 7, is the mechanism arranged to actuate motive-power engines by
returning water currents essentially as described.
Another modification of carrying out the improvements under the
second head of this my said Invention, consists in mechanism and modes
for the utilization of waste heat or force from exhaust steam or vapour
from motive-power engines by a current of air heated therefrom, which
current is generated when in process of expansion from the heat utilized,
the mechanism and modes being similar to some of the apparatus
described under the first and second head of this my said Invention.
A current of air may be caused to flow up through a conical or trumpet-
shaped pipe or heater, as described in the first part of this Invention, for
generating steam, the central flow of air to be allowed to mix with, or
be kept separate from the steam or vapour or heating media. The heat
or force may be utilized in two ways, first, by causing an exhausting or
condensing action on the piston or equivalent motive parts of motive-
power engines; and, second, by causing the air to be heated to flow into
the boiler or steam generator furnace to support combustion or be caused
to actuate an engine. Where the heated air is not so utilized, the
exhausting or condensing action of the current of air may be increased
by the waste gases being made to flow into the trumpet exhausting pipe
to expand and increase the current of cold air entering at the exhausting
end of the conical heater or exhausting pipe.
On Sheet 8 of my Drawings Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an
exhausting trumpet-shaped pipe or channel adapted for being coupled to
the exhaust steam port of a cylinder reciprocating steam engine for
causing a partial vacuum on the exhaust side of the piston. The
apparatus is simply of a round form throughout in transverse section,
except at the branch pipe connections, and therefore does not require a
plan for its form to be easily understood. The exhaust steam pipe or
port from the engine is connected to the branch pipe A which conveys
the steam into the annular jet nozzle A', which is similar to that
described in connection with Figures 16, 17, and 18 on Sheet 1 of my
Drawings, but has in this case the central piece adjustable by a lever
and extended down into an induction pipe B for the induction of cold
air, the pipe B being moved up or down through the stuffing box B' by
the hand lever B so as to close or open to any required degree the
annular jet nozzle opening A'. To the jet nozzle piece A is connected

page_text: the trumpet-shaped expanding channel c which opens at the top out to
the atmosphere. The expanding channel C has fitted into it a branch
pipe D, which is shown bent upwards and terminated in a cylindrical jet
nozzle D. This branch pipe is led outwards and connected to the
furnace or waste heated gases flue from the boiler furnace at any con-
venient point for the induction of the heated gases from the furnace
with the expanding channel C. The expanding channel C is further
provided with an annular condensed water trap C', from which the
water as it is trapped is carried away by the branch pipe C which being
in a hot state is advantageously available for being carried away to feed
the steam boiler or generator. The action of the apparatus is as
follows-On steam from an engine being passed through the branch
pipe A and through the annular nozzle A', which may at starting be
advantageously contracted by the sliding induction pipe B being pushed
up by the hand lever B² so as to make the issuing jet of steam from
the annular jet nozzle A¹ issue with considerable force until the air
current is started rightly, causing thereby at first a little back pressure
on the piston of the engine, but as soon as the current is started the
sliding piece B is drawn down to give the steam from the engine free
escape at the annular nozzle A'; the cold air being induced in through
the pipe B ascends up through the expanding channel C in swift
motion, and as it passes the annular jet nozzle A', together with its
motion and refrigerating action, causes a partial vacuum in the exhaust
pipe A and on the piston of the engine, and thereby to some extent
utilize the heat from the waste steam. The exhausting action of the ex-
panding channel C can, when convenient, be increased by a pipe D being
led to the funnel or flue of the boiler, and terminated in a jet nozzle D¹
in the expanding channel C. The heated gases being thereby induced
into to the heated air and steam, and being of a higher temperature
than the steam and air in the channel C, further expands it, and increases
the draught and consequent exhausting action, the area at the top end
of the expanding channel C should be of such a proportion as to cause
the mixed steam and air to escape at a slow motion or with little force.
In this arrangement of air exhausting channel a large proportion of the
steam is not condensed into water, but escapes mixed with the air. The
water from condensation in the channel C adhering to the surface of the
channel is in its descent trapped by the annular trap C', and conveyed
away by the brauch pipe C2; the course of the currents is as indicated
by the coloured arrows.

page_text: Figure 2 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 3 a plan, of an
expanding channel and air jet steam condenser for piston steam engines.
The expanding channel C being shown in section in Figure 3, through
the line 1-1 in Figure 2, this modification of a steam exhauster or
condenser is adapted to give a more perfect vacuum and more effective
condensation than that described in connection with Figure 1, the air
requiring a forcing pump or other forcing apparatus to give intensity to
thic jet ör current, and the heat abstracted by the air from the steam is
utilized by leading the air or exhaust current away to the fire-grate of
the steam generating furnace to support the combustion of the fuel.
The exhaust pipe or port of the steam engine is connected to the branch
pipe A, which admits the steam to the condensing chamber A², and the
cold air pipe B, which is carried up through the condensing chamber A²,
and terminates in a cylindrical jet nozzle B¹ opposite the induction
end C³ of the expanding channel C, is connected to an air forcing pump,
which causes the air to flow through it, and issue from the jet nozzle Bi
at à high speed and pressure; the expanding channel C may be, as
explained, led to the boiler furnace to support the combustion of the
fuel. The cold air rushing across the space in the condensing
chamber A², between the nozzle B' and the throat of the inducing
pipe C of the expanding pipe C, lias a refrigerating effect, and condenses
or partially condenses the steam, giving to the cold vapour as it
approaches the jet an eddying motion, and causes the water of con-
densation from the condensed steam to pass over the curved surface A',
and drop from the depending edge A, as indicated by the arrows. The
condensed water is withdrawn by the boiler feed pump through the
branch pipe As the course of the currents being as indicated by
coloured arrows.
Figure 4 is an elevation, and Figure 5 a plan of another form of air
jet steam condenser, having an initial forced air jet, drawing or inducing
in another at the pressure of the atmosphere to condense the steam,
which arrangement admits of the air pumps or other air-forcing
apparatus being much smaller compared with those required for working
the modification just described. The branch pipe is connected to the
exhaust pipe or port of a steam engine cylinder, admitting the steam to
the condensing chamber A, and the branch pipe B is connected to the
forcing or discharging pipe of an air pump, forcing in at a pressure of
about twenty lbs. to the square inchi section, and into the chamber B

page_text: from thence it passes through the branch connection B', and issues
from the annular jet nozzle B'. This annular jet nozzle B is set so as
to give only sufficient arca calculated to the volume of air discharged
through it by the pump to give the requisite pressure, force, or speed
of, air jet, the intermediate chamber B' acting as a reservoir to com-
pensate for and cause the intermediate discharge of a reciprocating
pump to flow through the nozzle B' in an equable jet of air or nearly so.
The jet of air from the nozzle B' thence flows up through the short
narrow annular space C³ formed between the inner surface of the
expanding pipe C and the outer surface of the short truncated conical
inner expanding pipe piece C', and thence issuing into the main
expanding pipe C. This annular air jet being made to issue or play as
described induces air from the atmosphere up through the central pipe b
and short pipe C' into the main expanding pipe C in great volume, so
that there is a great volume of cold air made to play up through the
condensing vessel A and exposed to the steam without any intervening
plate between the annular jet nozzle B' and the induction nozzle Cs of
the short pipe C, and rendered capable of preserving its course and
motion against the tendency of the vacuum in the condensing vessel A³
to draw it inwards, and refrigerating the condensing vessel A2 in its
passage, and condensing the steam introduced into it, the whole large
volume of the air passing up into the expanding pipe C being protected
from being drawn in by the vacuum or partial vacuum thus formed in
the vessel A by the thin annular stream or jet of air issuing from the
annular jet nozzle B'. The portion of the water from condensation that
passes up through the annular space C³ along with the high pressed
stream of air is trapped by the annular trap C', and led off this the
branch pipe C, the condensed water from refrigeration in the condensing
vessel A² being drawn or led away through the branch pipe As by a
pump or injector to feed the boiler. The heated air passing up through
the expanding pipe C may be utilized by being led to supply the boiler
furnace, or may be with a more contracted channel or pipe made to give
with advantage motion to a turbine, the course of the currents being all
as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 7 in part a sectional plan
of a similar description of condenser to that just described in connection
with Figures 4 and 5 to act with an annular jet of forced air and induced
central column of air from the atmosphere, but instead of the water

page_text: induced up by the forced jet of air being trapped up in the expand
ing pipe C, a large annular trap Csurrounding the condensing
vessel A is provided, from which the water escapes by the jet pipe C³,
impelled by the pressure from the inflowing jet of air and water from
the action of the air jet from the annular nozzle B' in through the
annular passage C³. A cock C' is kept sufficiently open to allow the
air from the trap vessel C' to escape, but to keep up a pressure in it;
the water escaping by the jet pipe C to the small ejector C induces out
the water from the refrigerating condensing vessel A by the branch
pipe As, and causes all the condensed water to escape by the throat
pipe C. The other parts of this condenser being similar to that
described in connection with Figures 4 and 5, and the same reference
letters referring to similar parts, they need not be further described. Tho
course of the currents is as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 9 a plan, of a similar
condenser to that described in connection with Figures 4 and 5, and 6
and 7, but instead of the air current floating upwards, as in these, it is
here caused to flow downwards, and the water from condensation by the
air jet or current before the nozzle B' and form refrigeration, induced
down together into a trap chamber C' below the condensing chamber A*.
The air that passes down through the annular throat C³ along with the
water into the trap chamber C' is carried away by the pipe c into the
inner air pipe or chamber C', and escaping by the nozzle jet c¹ into the
expanding air pipe C with great force, increases the speed of the main
refrigerating current; the water from the trap chamber C is led away by
the branch pipe C. The action and other parts of this condenser being
the same as that described in connection with Figures 4 and 5, and 6
and 7, the same letters referring to like parts, they need not be described
again further. The course of the currents being as indicated by tho
coloured arrows. A small water pipe a is introduced into the channel A
to assist the condensation.
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 11 an external plan
of a somewhat similar condenser to that just described, but instead of
high pressed air being passed through the annular jet nozzle B' to
induce in the large central inducing column of air from the atmosphere a
thin annular jet or film of cold water is used, the central column of cold
air in swift motion keeping the small quantity of water used sufficiently
cool to condense the steam, and the annular film or jet of water in

page_text: motion from the jet nozzle B' were exposed to the heat and vacuum of
the condenser, preventing the air from getting into, the condenser, this
condenser being as it were a water jet condenser with a core of air to
carry off the heat, so that a greatly diminished quantity of water can be
used compared with the quantity used by the common form of water
condenser, and admits also of the waste heat being utilized in the form
of heated air. The branch pipe A is connected to the exhaust pipe or
port of a steam engine, and the steam admitted to the refrigerating and
condensing, chamber A², and water. is admitted by the branch, pipe. B to
the annular jet nozzle B' causing a thin annular jet to flow downwards
across the space from the nozzle B' to the throat C of the chamber
picce C', which is open to the condensing vessel A² and thereafter
descending down through the annular space C³ into, the. water trap
chamber C, and thence flowing out by the branch pipe C the current
or flow of the water from the annular jet nozzle B¹ induces a current of
air to pass down through the central air pipe b, which air current passes
down through the centre of the water jet and through the expanding
pipe C, conveying away the waste heat from the refrigerating vessel. A,
causing effective condensation and vacuum within it, and thence to the
piston of the engine. To increase the speed and cooling action of the
central current of air through the air expanding pipe C an annular steam
inducing nozzle D. with branch. pipe D' is provided of a similar form to
that described in connection with Figure 1 on Sheet 8, and the branch
pipe supplied with steam from the boiler; the courses of the currents are
as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Figure 12 is a sectional. clevation, and Figure 13 an external plan of
another form of combined air. and water condenser, whereby a cooling
current of air is made to cool the water ás. it is ejected from a water jet
condenser, discharging throat pipe or channel, and the swift motion and
heat of the water ejected from the throat or nozzle. pipe in the form
of a thin film or spray induces in a large central cooling current of
air, the air thus heated being discharged to the atmosphere or utilized
by, being led to the boiler furnace, and the water thus cooled, to be
returned and used over again as the cooling condensing media for the
exhaust steam, the external supply of cold water being chiefly such as
will make up for the water carried away in heated, vapour by the cooling
air. The steam exhaust pipe or port of an engine is connected to the
branch pipe A, and admits the steam to the chamber A3, and the small

page_text: branch pipe B admits cold water to the annular chamber B'. The steam
issuing through the narrow annular throat C induces in the cold water
from the annular chamber B' through the annular nozzle B', condensing
the steam and forming a vacuum in the chamber A, and being ejected
by the condensing action through the annular throat C³ with great force
in a thin film, and as it ascends with spray up through the inner
expanding pipe C, and thereafter projected against the inner surface of
the main expanding pipe C, its swift motion and heat inducing in the
air by the pipe b, and ascending up through the throat piece C' and
inner expanding pipe C, and cooling the water in its course, is dis-
charged through the main air expanding pipe C. The water thus cooled
adhering to the inner surface of the main cooling channel C falls by
its gravity after its force upwards is expended into the water trap C',
and thence passes into the annular water chamber B through the
openings c, and is re-ejected by the steam along with the cold water
from the pipe B up to the sides of the main channel C to fall down
to the trap C again, and thus a returning stream of condensing water
is provided. An overflow branch pipe C is provided for conveying
away the water to supply the steam generator. Although I have shown
these cooling currents of air passing in vertical directions only they
may be made to pass in any other direction. The annular form of nozzle
also, though obviously the best for these condensed currents of air at
different pressures and of water and air combined, a similar combined
action can be carried out with a square or any other form of enclosing
nozzle, or a flat jet in a U-shaped enclosing channel, or instead of one
several jets may be used. The novel and essential improvements in this
part of my Invention are the use of simple air jets, or a combination of
high and low pressure air jets, or of air and water jets, as described, for
utilizing the waste heat from exhaust steam, both for producing a
vacuum or partial vacuum in steam-engine cylinders and for heating a
current of air to be used for assisting combustion in furnaces or other
purpose.
Another mode of carrying out the improvements under this second
head of my said Invention consists in mechanism for working the con-
densers of piston reciprocating steam engines in lieu of the ordinary air
pump, and with water only as the condensing and refrigerating media,
consisting of a condensing vessel into which the exhaust steam from the
engine and cold water are made to enter, by preference in a thin stream

page_text: or jet, and in a downward vertical direction, to be regulated by a valve
opening inwards, loaded by the tension of a strong spring or other equi-
valent means, and in the bottom of the condensing vessel and opposite
the top valve a corresponding valve opening outwards is placed so that
the jet or stream of water passing through the top valve will play down
through the bottom one; underneath the condensing vessel a shallow
vessel is placed to contain a quantity of water around the foot valve, to
act as a water lute to keep it air-tight and to form a convenient means
to carry off the condensed and condensing water. A double-acting or
forcing pump is provided wrought by the engine and attached by its
discharge pipe to the jet valve chest in the condensing vessel, so as to
discharge a portion of water through the jet adjustable valve at every
stroke of the engine. The current or jet thus made to play through the
condensing vessel may also be made to flow through in some degree
continuously by having an air vessel placed in the connecting pipe
between the pump and condenser.
Figure 14 is a side sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in
Figure 15, and Figure 15 is in part an external plan and partially a
sectional plan through the line 2-2 in Figure 14, showing a condenser of
this description. The branch pipe A is connected to the exhaust port or
pipe of a steam engine, and the steam admitted to the condensing
chamber A, and water from the forcing pump is admitted by the branch
pipe B into the upper valve chamber B' which has in its under side a
wedge-shaped depending cavity B2 to the one side of which is fitted
and hinged a valve piece B³, which has a lever piece cast on it and
is continued back and held close by it by the hinged rod B', which passes
up through a stuffing box into the water chamber B'; on this sliding
rod B' is placed a spiral spring B³, which is adjustable to any required
tension by the adjusting screw and hand wheel B, which works through
a stufling box placed in the cover of the water chamber B. The end
walls or flanges of the wedge-shaped cavity B, in which the valve B is
hinged partly cut away to show the form of the flap valve B', the air
flanges being continued back beyond the ends of the valve, so that when
it is forced open the only opening formed is a long narrow slit at the
under extremity of the wedge-shaped cavity B seen in plan in Figure 15
by the plan of the under and discharge valve cavity C which is the
same in form. This under discharge valve C is fitted with a similar
valve C³, having a hinged rod C* fitted with a spiral spring C³, which

page_text: is also adjustable to any required tension for keeping the valve C³
closed by the set screw C in the same way as described for holding in
"tension," and for giving opening play to the valve B being preferably
air-tight, the discharge water trap chamber C¹ has its outflow or discharge
branch pipe C somewhat higher up than the opening of the valve C' so
as to keep it always water luted should the discharge pipe connected to
the branch pipe C be carried downwards from the condenser. To prevent
the inward rush or flow of the exhaust steam from the branch pipe A
disturbing the flow of the condensing water jet passing down through the
condensing chamber A more at one point than another, thin plates a, a,
are placed inside the condensing chamber A³ surrounding the condensing
water jet as shown and interposed between it and the direct play of the
steam current from the steam exhaust pipe A, the arrangement of these
plates being best seen in plan in Figure 15. They are perforated with
small holes in zig-zag positions at all parts except the part opposite the
pipe A, and cause the steam to circulate around the inner surface of the
condensing chamber and issue into the centre of the chamber A towards
the condensing jet and equally all round it. Thus arranged on steam
being admitted by the branch pipe A from an engine, and water from
reciprocating pump admitted by the branch pipe B, the chamber B', the
valve B opens at every stroke of the pump, and a broad thin jet of water
is projected down through the condensing chamber A and into the
wedge-shaped cavity C, causing the valve C to open and let it pass
into the trap chamber C', condensing the steam in the condensing
vacuum chamber A, and inducing by lateral action along with it the
water and air from the condensation of the steam, and by its force after
it passes the discharge valve C³ flows out by the branch discharge pipe C.
The course of the currents is as indicated by the black and coloured
arrows. In this part of my Invention the induction valve B³ and
discharge valve C³ may be of india-rubber, such as known as Prideaux
valve or any other convenient form, and the condensing jet may be
cylindrical or of any other section instead of the thin flat stream used in
the modification.
.The essential improvement of this part of my Invention is the use
of a self-opening and closing induction valve for the injection water,
opening into the condensing chamber intermittently or with a pulsating
action by the force of water from a reciprocating pump, and provided
also with a self-opening and closing discharge valve which opens with

page_text: the impact of the water jet projected against it, the condensing water
jet inducing the water and air out of the condensing channel by
lateral action and without the use of an air pump, being a convenient
modification of what is known as a "blow through condenser" for
being wrought by the ordinary double-action water lifting pump by a
steam engine.
Another improved mode, means, and apparatus for the condensation
of the exhaust steam from steam engines for causing an effective vacuum
on the exhaust side of the pistons, and for discharging the condensing
water from condensation consists in using and injecting salt or impure
water for refrigerating and condensing and of retaining a great part of
the water from the condensation of the steam or vapour, free or nearly
free from salt or other impurities to serve for the boilers of marine or
other engines in lieu of surface condensers. This result can with slight
modification be effected by a condenser similar to the one just described
by having a wall piece or guard formed in the bottom of the condensing
vessel above the discharge valve, around the course of the injected stream
of salt or impure condensing water, and rising up above the bottom of
the condensing vessel to about one-fourth part of its height, this part
of the condensing vessel to form a trap reservoir for the water from
condensation of the steam or vapour as it falls down from the refri-
gerating effect of the cold water admitted into the condensing vessel
as in a vacuum or partial vacuum cold water in process of being heated
radiates. cold vapour from its surface. Steam when being admitted and
advancing to the water under this condition must be condensed at some
distance from the cold water surface; the stream or jet of cold water
passing down through the condensing vessel in swift motion projects from
its surface cold vapour in an outward and downward direction, giving
to the vapour in process of condensation a downward eddying motion,
and the water from condensation and vapour from the cold water falling
down will be trapped and collected in the trap chamber formed in the
bottom of the condensing vessel to be exhausted out by the feed pump.
of the boilers.
Figure 16 is. sectional elevation, and Figure 17-a plan of a condenser
arranged to act on this simple water jet refrigerating principle; in which
there is no. lateral exhausting action by the condensing water on the
water or air from the condensed steam:. The form of this condenser so
far as the admission of the steam and passage of the condensing water

page_text: through the condensers is concerned is similar to that described in
connection with Figures, 14 and 15, and the same letters of reference:
referring to like parts, and need not again be described. For effecting
the particular action described, a wall piece As is fitted to the bottom
and inner surface of the condensing. vessel A, and surrounds the
condensing water jet and discharge valve cavity C,, forming thereby in
the bottom of the, condensing vessel the water trap, chamber, A,, which
is provided with a small branch pipe D for the water and air from.
condensation being exhausted out, by the boiler feed pump. To further
facilitate the refrigerating action of the downward current of con-
densing water, and prevent, the condensed, water getting in amongst
the condensing water, a series of thin guiding plates, or "louver
boards" a, a, a, are made to surround the stream or jet of condensing
water, and cause the cold vapour arising from the surface of the water
to pass out between the spaces between, them, to meet the steam as.
indicated by the small blue arrows. The action of this condenser is other-
wise the same as that described in connection, with Figures 14. and 15;
and by it, though salt or impure water is used for refrigerating and
condensing, a supply of clean fresh water is obtained from the branch
pipe D for the boiler or boilers. The course of the currents are all as.
indicated by the black and coloured arrows. Various arrangements can
be made of this mode and means of condensation, and the jet or jets of
condensing water instead of passing downwards may be passed, in any
direction or over curved plates, on the top side of the condensing
vessel, in various ways to facilitate the condensation and deposition
of the condensed pure water from the impure condensing water..
Figure 18 is a sectional elevation through the line 1, 1, in Figure 19,
and Figure 19 is in part a sectional plan through the line 2, 2,. in
Figure 18. In this modification of refrigerating and separating condensed
water condenser there are no inlet or outlet valves used to or from thic
condensing chamber, the jets of condensing water being so regulated or
proportioned as to play through the condensing chamber, and into and
fill a throat pipe set opposite to it, and by its motion and filling the.
discharge throat keep the condensing vessel air-tight. The steam branch
connection, A is connected to the exhaust pipe or port of a steam engine,
which admits the steam into the condensing vacuum chamber A², and
the, condensing water is admitted by the branch pipe B, from a head or
pressure into the water chamber B₁; the bottom plate of the chamber B¹

page_text: above the condensing chamber A is shown fitted with nine small
cylindrical jet nozzle pieces B, B2, B3, their nozzles B3, B³, B, projecting
into the condensing chamber A, their number and positions being
shown in plan by Figure 19. In the bottom of the condensing chamber
and opposite these jet nozzles are placed a corresponding number of
trumpet-shaped discharging throat channels C³, C³, slightly bell mouthed
but narrow, and of such a diameter at the throat orifices C, C, C, as
to admit of the water jet passing from the jet nozzles B to fill them.
These throat channels C³ open into the water trap chamber C, which
chamber is provided with a branch pipe connection C for conveying
away the condensing water, and the condensing chamber A, or the
portion of this chamber A which forms the fresh water trap is provided
with a branch pipe connection D, for being connected to the boiler feed
pump for conveying away the fresh water from the condensation of the
steam. The condensing chamber A is also provided with perforated
wall plates a, a, a, to keep the rush of steam from the engine through
the branch pipe A from disturbing the course of the water jet, as
explained in connection with Figures 14 and 15. Thus arranged and
steam entered into the refrigerating chamber A, and water admitted
through the branch pipe B into the water chamber B, the water flows
through the jet nozzles B3 down through the condensing chamber A2,
refrigerating and causing the steam to condense and gravitate in the
state of water to the bottom of the condensing chamber, and into the trap
chamber A formed in it by the throat pipes C, C, C', the condensing
water passing down through the throat channels C³, C3, C³, into the trap
chamber C, and discharged by the force of the jets by the waste water
branch pipe C, and the fresh water from the condensation of the steam
exhausted out by the boiler feed pump from the trap chamber A by the
branch pipe connection D.
Figure 20 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 21,
and Figure 21 is in part a sectional plan through the line 2-2 in
Figure 20, of a similar condenser to that described, but instead of the con-
densing water jets being made to play through the condenser vertically
they are made to play across and through the condensing chamber A
horizontally, and the water chamber and water traps somewhat differently
arranged, there is otherwise no substantial difference between this con-
denser and the one just described, and as the same letters of reference
refer to the same parts in each modification it will not require to be

page_text: again further explained; the course of the currents is as indicated by the
black and coloured arrows.
Figure 22 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 23,
and Figure 23 is in part an external plan and in part a sectional plan
through the line 2-2 in Figure 22, of a similar condenser to that
described in connection with Figures 18 and 19, but having the jet
discharging throat pieces C³, C3, C³, somewhat differently arranged and
each mounted with a series of thin conical guiding plates a², a', a³, on
the "louver board" principle for giving the motion of the cold vapour
arising from the surface of the water jets a downward direction, as
explained in connection with Figures 16 and 17. Otherwise this con-
denser is substantially the same as that described in connection with
Figures 18 and 19, and the same letters of reference referring to like
parts it does not require other description; the course of the currents
being as indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 24 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 25,
and Figure 25 is in part an external plan and in part a sectional plan
through the line 2-2 in Figure 24 of a similar condenser to that
described in connection with Figures 18 and 19, but having the branch
pipe to which is connected the steam exhaust port or pipe of the engine,
formed to pass down through the top condensing water chamber B', and
the steam branch pipe A narrowed into a cylindrical jet nozzle A',
where it enters into the refrigerating vacuum chamber A, the water
from condensation passing down through a throat pipe A³ placed in
line with and opposite to the steam branch pipe A conveying the
condensed water into the fresh or pure water trap chamber A*, which
has formed in it the branch pipe D, which is connected to the feed
pump or other water feed apparatus for the boilers; the condensing
water entering by the branch pipe B into the chamber B', and passing
down through the jet nozzle B and the condensing chamber A*, and
through the throat pipe C³ into the condensing water trap C' escapes by
the branch pipe C. The same letters refer to the same parts as in con-
nection with Figures 18 and 19, and the course of the currents are as
indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 26 is a sectional elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 27,
and Figure 27 is in part an external plan, and in part a sectional
plan through the line 2-2 in Figure 26. The condensing water in
this condenser is entered under the bottom side of the condensing

page_text: chamber A through the branch pipe B into the chamber B' and flow's
upwards through the nozzle pieces B, condensing chamber A, and
throat pipes C³, C³, into the condensing water trap chamber C', and
thence escaping by the branch pipe C. The steam being admitted, as
in the modification of condenser described in connection with Figures 24
and 25, by the branch pipe A and through the jet nozzle A¹ in a reverse
direction to the condensing jets, the fresh water from condensation
passing down through the throat pipe A³ and out by the branch pipe D
to be led to the boilers. In this modification there are 16 condensing
jet nozzles employed, and the same letters of reference refer to like
parts as in Figures 24 and 25 as in the other modifications, the course of
the currents is as indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 28 is a side sectional elevation, and in part a sectional elevation
through the line 1-1 in Figure 28 of a refrigerating water jet condenscr;
in which the condensing water jet is made to pass through the con-
densing chamber over a curved plate, or one-sided duct or channel,
instead of a straight jet or jets freo on all sides, as in the other modi-
fications shown on this sheet; otherwise there is no substantial
difference in this modification from these, and the same letters of
reference refer to like parts in each. Steam is admitted by the branch A
into the refrigerating chamber A², and the condensing water is admitted
by the branch pipe B into the chamber B' and issues into the condensing
chamber by the long narrow jet nozzle B³, and thence passing over the
curved top plate of the condensing chamber A, as indicated by the
black arrows, enters the long narrow throat C³, and passing through its
channel enters the condensing water trap C¹, and escapes by the branch
pipe C. Thin transverse guiding plates or "louver boards" a' are fitted
under the course of the curved stream or jet of condensing water to
direct inwards the cold vapour arising from the surface; in a similar
way as described in connection with Figures 16 and 17. The condensed
fresh water from the condensed steam is led off by the branch pipe D,
the course of the currents being as indicated by the black and coloured
arrows.
Figure 30 is a sectional elevation of a refrigerating water jet condenser
cylindrical in form, all except the branch pipes, and therefore a plan is
not necessary to explain its construction; its mode of action is similar
to that described in connection with Figures 18 and 19, but having only
onc condensing jet nozzle and discharge throat pipe A³. The condensing

page_text: water branch pipe B is connected to an annular injector F, to the
annular space of which a small water pipe 6 is connected from a pump
or other source of supply at a high pressure to induce in the cold water
by the pipe B, and to give where required to the outer ring or part of
the jet a higher speed than the central or induced part from the pipe B
in the same way as explained in using air currents in connection with
Figures 1 to 9, on Sheet 8 of my Drawings, for which effect the jet
nozzle B³ may be formed a little shorter than shown by the Drawing.
The condensing water discharge pipe C is here also provided by an
inducing or water exhausting steam jet nozzle E, having a steam branch
pipe E' for connecting to the boiler, the same letters of reference refer to
the same or like parts as in Figures 18 and 19, and the action is the
same, and need. not be described. The course of the currents is as
indicated by the black and coloured arrows.
Figure 31 is a sectional clevation of a condenser similar to that
described in connection with Figure 30, but in this example the branch
pipe b of the annular injector F is connected to the steam boiler used
for starting the water current or jet through the pipe B. The branch
discharge pipe C for the condensing is also provided with a hinged
valve and chest C, such as required when using a condenser of this
description for marine engines, the additional appliances as described in
connection with Figures 30 and 31 being when required applicable to
the other modifications of condensers described in this Sheet of my
Drawings. The essential improvements or new features of this part of
my said Invention (Figures 16 to 31) are the use of a jets or jets of cold
water to refrigerate and condense the steam so as to keep the water of
condensation from the steam separate, or in part separate from the con-
densing water, and the mechanism and modes for effecting this action,
substantially as described for producing a vacuum or partial vacuum to
actuate steam engines, and for obtaining pure water for the boiler.
A
Another improvement under the second head of this my said Invention
consists in a mode and mechanism for applying motive power, such as
herein-before described under the first and second heads of my Invention,
for the purpose of propelling ships or vessels, and for locomotives on
land, chiefly for lightness and simplicity and for the attainment of
higher speed than has been heretofore reached, particularly for water
conveyance, where higher speeds are still much wanted for passenger
traffic. The locomotive engine for railway carriages is still a véry'

page_text: complicated, cumberous, and expensive machine, and is itself generally
the greater part of the weight it has got to drag along the rails in an
ordinary passenger train, and its great unweildy weight necessitates,
particularly for passenger traffic proportionate weight and strength in
the railway rolling stock to withstand the jolts and concussions it is
necessarily subjected to, as also proportionate great strength, expense,
and great tear and wear in the roadway. For passenger traffic by water
.carriage there is not much hope of attaining much higher speeds than is
already obtained with any reasonable expenditure of power without
having the vessels built very light, and for a light draught of water with
also some contrivance to relieve to some extent the bottom of the vessel
from the great friction incurred in a considerable surface passing over
water at a high speed. The means of propulsion I employ is the
reaction of jets of steam and air and also heated gases issuing out into
the open atmosphere, the currents so well mixed with the cold air before
they escape into the atmosphere as to be in large volume and at no
greater speed than is necessary for economical propulsion of the mass to
be propelled. In the generation and management of these currents I
also employ an advancing, exhausting, or suction action in combination
with the receding reacting action of the issuing currents, the mechanism
for producing these being similar to that described in the first and second
parts of this Invention, and particularly with reference to Figures 36
and 43, on Sheet 6 of my Drawings. Of late I have had considerable
experience in the useful application of currents of steam and air gene-
rated in this way, and what may seem chimerical to engineers without
knowledge or experience of these things is nevertheless a useful
mechanical agent for effecting many useful ends.
On Sheet 10 of my Drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation, in
section for the most part; Figure 2, an external or deck plan; Figure 3,
an external elevation of the "bows;" Figure 4, an external elevation of
the stern; Figure 5, a cross section through the line 1-1 in Figure 1, and
Figure 6, a cross section through the line 2-2 in Figure 1 of a vessel
built of steel plates ths of an inch thick, with proportionately light
frames, but having several bulklicads, and all to give the structure
sufficient strength for river traffic; all also of a weight to draw the depth
of water indicated by the Drawings. I do not show the structional
details of the hull, but only or mainly those that are necessary to show
the essential parts of this system of propulsion. The yellow coloured

page_text: space in the centre of the hull longitudinally indicating mainly the pro-
pelling current of air and gases, the spaces H, H, indicating the cabin
and deck, J forming the accommodation for passengers. The steam
boilers I and I are of the locomotive form, but any form that will give
great "steaming" power with little weight being suitable; from these the
steam pipe A, A, A, conveys the steam to the six annular steam jet
nozzles A', A', A', A', A', A', which induce in cold air from the "bows"
of the vessel through a corresponding number of channels A", A", A",
A", A", A", extending forward from the nozzles A' in a round form, but
assuming, as shown, a square form, as seen in Figure 3, and larger in
area when they reach the "bows." A corresponding number of jet
pipes A2, A2, A2, are shown connected to the nozzles A', which have
formed in them the annular inducing ports a', a', a', a', a', a', for inducing
in the heated gases from the furnace. These annular steam jet
nozzles A', jet pipes A, and inducing jet nozzles a', are the same as
those described in connection with Figures 36 and 43 on Sheet 6 of my
Drawings; Figure 43 showing the same arrangements as here used in
all its parts. The funnel pipes a, a, a, convey the waste gases to these
inducing nozzles a¹ by branch pipes a" to each, as shown, and connected
to the inducing nozzles a', and severally to the trumpet-shaped discharge
pipe F, F, F, which open out and discharge the currents of steam, air,
and gases firstly into the concave space. F', F', F, seen in Figure 5, and
thence into the long arched space F³ extending underneath the deck
and cabin all the length of the vessel. To give the current thus dis-
charged volume and prevent it getting out to the main channel F at two
high a force and temperature, an oblong space B all the breadth or
beam of the vessel, and extending from the "bows" underneath the
channels A", conveys air into the space F after the currents receive the
waste heated gases; the current also being there induced in by the
discharge from the trumpet pipes F, and this out current issuing from
the concave channel F, as it flows out into the space F', also induces
in the air from the bows underneath the plate C, C2, so that on all of
the area of the bows of the vessel there is an exhausting or suction
action, and all combining to force the current through the propelling
channel F, as indicated by the arrows, and discharge it at the stern,
thereby propelling forward the vessel as described. A current of air
generated in this way, and to a pressure of about half a pound to the square
inch, has also when so forced into the space below the vessel a bouying.
up tendency, and in the example shown, so great at their pressure to
F

page_text: bouy-up about one-half the weight of the vessel, and when in motion
proportionally lessens the draught, and so far relieves the hull from the
friction of the water. Instead of the square form of vessel shown by
these Drawings the hull may be formed of the section indicated by the
dotted lines K in Figure 5, which admits of greater strength with the
same materials than the square form; the form or section being sus-
ceptible of many modifications, the square form as shown, however,
giving least resistance to the motion of the vessel. The "bows" of the
vessel, as indicated by Figure 3, present only sharp edges to the water
and air, and the stern, as indicated by Figure 4, also sharp edges or
nearly so, so as to admit of the volume of propelled air to be as large
as practicable when it issues from the stern. At cach keclson La
rudder M is fitted, which are arranged to be wrought, coupled together
by one tiller O, or other steering gear.
Figure 7 is an external longitudinal elevation, and Figure 8, a deck
plan of a vessel of the common form, with two propelling boilers and
apparatus of a similar description. In this example the propelling
current is conveyed from the annular steam jet nozzle A to the stern of
the vessel in a propelling channel Fon deck, and is of a square form
composed on the top and sides of a series of thin plates f, f³, f, which
on the top side are set level to the water line of the vessel, and on the
sides parallel with the midship line of the vessel, exposing therefore to
a direct head wind only the sharp edges of these plates, and necessarily
leaving a space at the edge of each, which, as shown, are caused to
overlap a few inches like "louver boards," the spaces or openings thus
formed inducing in cold air by the force of the current, as indicated by
the small yellow arrows, and thereby increasing the volume of the pro-
pelling current issuing from the expanding propelling channel 13 at the
stern of the vessel. Cold air is induced in from the bows, in this
example, to the steam annular jet nozzle A¹ by the channel A", and to
current F by the channel B, otherwise the construction is the same as
described in connection with Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and the same
letters referring to like parts other description is not required. In this
example, however, provision is made for reversing the motion of the
vessel by reversing the motion of the current by a double or reversing
steam annular jet nozzle, as shown in section Figure 9. This nozzle is
the same in form as that described in connection with Figure 35 on
Sheet 6 of my Drawings, and does not require other description than

page_text: there given to make it understood. By this nozzle the cold air is induced
in by the channel F and forced out by the channel A", which propels
the vessel in the opposite direction or makes more astern.
Figure 10 is a side longitudinal elevation of a vessel propelled in a
similar way to that described in connection with Figures 7 and 8, but
instead of an ordinary steam boiler I use a jet current vapour generator
for generating the actuating steam or vapour, as described in the first
section of this said Invention in connection with Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of
my Drawings, and therefore details are unnecessary to be given here,
otherwise the arrangements are the same as in Figures 7 and 8, and the
same letters referring to like parts, and need not be described.
On Sheet 11 of my Drawings are Drawings of a locomotive engine for
railway traffic to be actuated in this way, of which Figure 11 is an
external end and smoke box elevation, Figure 12 an external side
elevation, Figure 13 an external fire-box end elevation, and Figure 14
an external plan. The boiler I used is a common locomotive boiler, and
the framing H, with its axle boxes, axles, and wheels are also of the
common form at such parts, and do not therefore require any descrip-
tion. The water tank and coal bunker J is also of the common form,
and does not necessarily require any peculiarity for a locomotive of
this description from that of an ordinary locomotive engine, although
changes both on the framing and other parts, chiefly for the sake of
lightness, could advantageously be made. In this description of loco-
motive dead weight in order to get "bite" on the rails is not necessary,
one object sought in its application being that it may "bite" or
otherwise injure the rails as little as possible. I use these common
forms of parts in use partly, that they may be readily understood and
partly to show the adaptation of these parts in use for being used for this
system of propulsion. A steam pipe A conveys the steam from the steam
dome of the boiler I to four annular steam jet nozzles A', A', A', A',
similar to those described and used in connection with Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, and 6 on Sheet 10 of my Drawings, the steam pipe having branches
to cach, as shown, the steam being simultaneously admitted and
regulated to all of them by a regulating valve wrought by the handle K
above the fire-box door, which valve and handle are of the ordinary
form used in locomotive engines. Each pair of these nozzles A', A', on
each side of the centre of the boiler are provided with a suction forward

page_text: bell mouth piece A" through which cold air is induced with great force
by the steam jet, and ejected through each nozzle by a jet pipe F con-
nected to each, the positions and length of which will be best seen in
plan in Figure 14. A funnel a, seen in Figures 11 and 14, connected to
the top of the smoke box, is bent backwards between each pair of the
steam jet nozzles A', and terminates, as indicated by the dotted lines, at
the same point backwards as the four jet pipes F. Two suction air
spaces A, A, one under each pair of suction bell mouths A", A",
induce in cold air underneath the jet pipes F, and is induced in by and
meets the joint currents from the jet pipes I and funnel «, all of
which are entered into a large expanding channel F³, which, as seen in
Figure 12, extends backwards beyond the boiler fire-box and to the full
length of the carriage, and rests upon the top of the water tank J. This
expanding channel 1, into which the joint currents from the four jet
pipes F, funnel a, and air passages A is ejected in large volume at a
high temperature and with great force, is composed of a series of thin
plates placed level longitudinally on the top side and overlapping each
other slightly, but from their general sliding positions allowing a small
space or opening between them, as seen in section by the last four
plates b, b, b, b, above the water tank j, seen in Figure 12, so that on
the top side of this channel F the advancing motion of the locomotive
presents the edges of the thin plate fff, to the air and the spaces
intervening between the plates as indicated by the small yellow arrows.
The side plates of this propelling channel Fare placed parallel with
the central line of the locomotive, so that they also present their edges
only to the air from the ends of the locomotive. Owing to these being
a smaller forward inclination on the sides they are made fewer in
number than the top plates to allow ingress space between them for
cold air, seen in section in the plan Figure 14, the arrangement for
inducing cold air being nevertheless the same as on the top side. Thus
arranged, and steam admitted by the steam pipe A, an inward flow of
cold air suction or drawing forward action is produced in the bell-
mouthed suction air channels A" and A leading to the annular jet
nozzles A' and to the inducing ends of the jet pipes F, as indicated by
the yellow arrows, inducing in also the waste gases through the
funnel a, and, as explained, entering the large expanding channel F
with great force and at a high temperature, and after entering on its
course through the channel F3 at every successive "louver board" plate
the current induces in an additional quantity of cold air, producing

page_text: therefrom a corresponding suction or drawing forward action, and
increasing the volume of the current, the temperature of the current
diminishing with each accession of volume both from quantity and
expansion, and is finally expelled in large volume and swift motion at
the end of the channel, assisting the forward suction propelling action
by a reacting propelling action, and which when the locomotive is in
motion at full speed escapes from the propelling channel F with little
force.
Figure 15 is a side elevation, Figure 16 a fire-box end elevation, and
Figure 17 a plan of a similar locomotive, but having a double annular
steam jet nozzle A', as explained in connection with Figure 9 on Sheet 10
of my Drawings, for producing, reversing action. This difference, and
with the suction channel A" made a little longer, being all the difference
in this modification from the one just described, and as the same letters
refer to like parts, further description is unnecessary. It is also intended
to work or actuate locomotive engines of this description with the most
suitable modifications of my jet steam or water generators, described
under the first head or section of my said Invention. From its lightness
as compared with ordinary steam boilers it possesses peculiar advantages
for being used for purposes of locomotion in this way, as the removal
of dead weight makes this mode of propulsion applicable with more
advantage to inclines and light passenger traffic..
Figure 18 is a side elevation, Figure 19 an end elevation,, and
Figure 20 a plan of a light locomotive with a steam generator I
of this description, as described in connection with the first three
Sheets of my Drawings, further description being therefore unnecessary
here. It is shown combined with passenger compartments. on tho
same frame H and the propelling channel F placed on the top of
the passenger compartments L, and in this way a simple and light loco-
motive carriage can be constructed, the course of the currents and motion
of the carriage being as indicated by the arrows, and the main parts being
similar to the other modifications described of these locomotive engines,
the same letters referring to like parts other description is unnecessary.
An element in the calculation in the utilization of heat or force applied
mechanically in this way is the consideration that whilst in a common
locomotive engine fully one half of the heat or force of the fuel consumed
escapes up the funnel in the state of waste heated gases and is quite
wasted, by this plan the waste gases along with the steam are all more or

page_text: less utilized. The escape of the currents when the locomotive is in full
motion will not be materially much more of a nuisance (if any) than
that from a common locomotive engine, as the quantity in each case,
supposing the power the same, that must escape will be much the same
in both machines. The essential improvements of this part of my
Invention consist in the application of steam jet nozzles for the induction
of cold air and heated gases from the furnace to produce a propelling
current as described, having a suction or induction channel "forward "
of the stoam jet nozzles for cald air and successive induction openings
and channels for heated gases after or following the steam jets with
annular or otherwise formed atcam jet nozzles, also the particular
arrangements and use of the similar steam jet nozzle A' and the forms of
propelling channels described for vessels and for the locomotives as
described to actuate or propel in either direction by the combined
current of steam, cold air, and gases escaping into the open atmosphere,
the currents being generated and made to act in a forward or backward
direction.
This said Invention under the third head or section consists in
improved mechanism and arrangement of parts of reciprocating piston
steam engines or fluid power engines, part of which mechanism and
arrangements being also suitable for measuring fluids. One principal
improvement under this head or section in its simplest form consists in a
cylinder and piston fitted with a strong piston rod continued into a guide
for steadying the rod, and the piston made somewhat greater in length
than the stroke of the engine and the cylinder made correspondingly in
proportion to give room for the piston and end clearances, and fitted with
covers and a stuffing box for the piston rod much in the usual way. A
strong lateral pin or arm about the same length as the stroke of the
engine is fitted into or upon the piston rod and gives or serves out the
power of the engine to the crank shaft. In one modification this arm
has formed on its end a ball or other spherically formed end, and fitted
upon this a correspondingly formed bush which is placed in a hole or
slot in a crank or disc which is keyed or formed upon the revolving shaft
usually termed the crank shaft of the engine. The inner surface of the
crank pin or arm bush is correspondingly spherical and formed in halves
to get it on to its seat; its outer surface may be round or square but must
have room in the hole or slot in which it is placed for a slight "play"
longitudinally in the direction of the length of the crank shaft, the

page_text: distance from the centre of this bush to the centre of the crank shaft
determining the "throw" of the crank, and as usual double this length
the length of the stroke of the engine. The crank and crank shaft thus
coupled to the piston rod on the piston being traversed from the end of
the cylinder besides longitudinal motion, the arm fixed to the piston rod
passing round with the crank bush also imparts to the piston and piston
rod a sectional, augular, or sectional twisting or turning reciprocating
motion and a corresponding angular turning or twisting motion between
the surface of the long piston and the internal surface of the cylinder.
This sliding twisting motion of the piston on the surface of the cylinder
is made available for opening and closing the induction and eduction
steam passages to and from the cylinder; the steam passages being thus
formed in the piston and cylinder no steam slide or other regulating valves
or motions are required for this form of engine.
On Sheeet 12 of my Drawings, Figure 1 is an exterual side elevation;
Figure 2, a sectional plan of the cylinder and external view of the piston
through the steam and exhaust port through the lines 1-1 in Figures 1
and 2; and Figure 4, a longitudinal elevation of the piston through the
line 1-1 in Figure 3. In this modification there is. one steam induction
port formed in the cylinder, and two exhaust ports and two steam passages
only formed in the piston, which last condition forms the distinctive
features of this modification. Steam is admitted to the cylinder from the
boiler by the branch pipe A, the inner end of which A', seen in Figure 3,
forming the steam induction port of the engine. The piston B when in
the position shown by Figures 2, 3, and 4, has its steam passage B'
opposite the steam port A', in which state the steam flows in through
the passage B' in the piston, as indicated by the blue arrows seen in
Figures 2 and 4, the passage being, as shown by Figure 4, when near to
the end of the piston diverted inwards to the centre of the piston aud'
out at the end of it to allow space and body of metal around the packing
ring B³, and in which state the motion of the piston is as indicated by
the black arrow placed upon it in Figure 2. The exhaust steam from
instant entering in from
the opposite end of the cylinder at the same
the cylinder by the similarly formed passage B, as indicated by the blue
dart, and escaping through the exhaust port A passes out by the exhaust
branch pipe A, as indicated by the blue darts as seen by Figure 3.
When the piston B in motion, as indicated by the arrow placed upon it,

page_text: advances to the end of the cylinder the passage B' in the piston gets
twisted round by the action of the crank disc arm D and piston rod C
until the steam enters in by the port A' into the passage in the piston B
and the passage in the piston B' opens on the exhaust port in the cylinder
seen in Figure 3, becoming thereby an exhaust passage for the steam
from the other end of the cylinder, and when, by the crank or disc E
turning round, the piston gets to the middle, stroke or middle of the
length of the cylinder the passage B2 is in the position in which the
passage B is shown, and the passage full open upon the exhaust port As
in the cylinder, and so on alternately, the passages B and B in the
piston becoming alternately a steam induction and eduction passage. In
this modification there is no lap or steam cut off obtained to work the
steam expansively.
Figure 5 is also a plan of Figure 1; and Figure 6 is an end clevation,
the cylinder being shown in section, showing a form of cylinder and
piston somewhat differently arranged in the steam ports and passages,
but otherwise the same as described in connection with Figures 2, 3,
and 4. In this modification there is one steam induction port A' into
the cylinder as in the modification just described, but instead of two
exhaust ports there is only one exhaust port A2, which arrangement of
ports require a pair of steam induction passages B' and B2, and a separate
pair of exhaust passages B³ and B. The piston of the piston B in both
Figures 5 and 6 is shown as at the end of the stroke, and in Figure 6 the
steam port A' is shown opening into the steam passage B2 in the piston,
and the exhaust port A² in the cylinder is shown opening into the
exhaust passage B³ in the piston. The form of the steam passages in
the piston B and B will be seen from Figure 5, which gives an external
plan of the piston, cach of the passages opening into one end of the
cylinder underneath the packing ring B in the same way as shown by
Figure 4, and the exhaust passages B and B shown in section in
Figure 6, are in plan exactly the same as the steam passages B' and B³,
both being arranged to keep the passages full open and with little or no
cut-off or lap to the end of the stroke; otherwise the action of steam
and exhaust ports as the piston is moved and the twisting action given to
the piston and piston rod C by the arm D as the crank or disc E goes
round, and the action of the steam and exhaust port, therefore is the
same as explained in connection with Figures 2, 3, and 4. In the

page_text: modification of steam and exhaust ports in the cylinder and in the
steam passages in the pistons described in connection with Figures 2,
3, and 4, as also that just described in connection with Figures 5 and 6,
there being no lap on the passages in the piston, if the steam be made to
enter by the exhaust port it will escape as freely by the steam port, and
thereby by simply changing or directing the steam from the boiler to
the exhaust port instead of the induction port it will reverse the action
of the engine. Figure 1 and 6 show this engine fitted with a common
four-way cock A to effect this action, which on the key being turned
changes the passages of the steam as explained, will effect this reversing
action described. The piston rod C is carried and oscillates in the
guide bush bracket C¹ fixed upon the sole plate G, and the working
arm D which communicates the power of the engine to the crank or
disc E and crank shaft F is cottered into the boss C formed on the
piston rod, and on its working, and has formed on it the spherical
bush neck D', and the crank disc E has the hole or slot E' bored in
it into which the bush E formed in halves and turned on its outer
diameter fits the hole E', and turned, in its inside to fit the spherical
end D of the arin D works the spherical form of tlic neck D' and
bush E, accommodating itself and working freely in all the positions
which the arm assumes in its revolutions round with the crank, a
slight traverse being also caused in the bush E in the hole E' in the
direction of the length of the crank shaft which the bush E is formed
to do. The crank shaft is set in the bush bearing bolted to the
sole plate of the engine G, and the outer end length set in bush
bearing F The crank shaft has keyed on it a fly wheel II, which
completes this form of motive-power engine, the arrows only showing
the motion of the engine in each modification in one direction, and
the bluc arrows showing the steam currents, and blue darts the exhaust
currents correspondingly.
Figure 7 is an external clevation; Figure 8 a plan showing the
steam cylinder in section; Figure 9 showing another and inverted
vertical plan of the cylinder; Figure 10, an end elevation showing the
cylinder in section through the line 1--1 in Figure 8; and Figure 11,
a corresponding inverted sectional elevation through the line 2-2 in
Figure 9 of the cylinder and piston of the engine shown in Figure 9,
similar to that described in connection with Figures 1, 5, and 6, but
arranged to work the steam expansively, this arrangement of ports being

page_text: such as affords ready facility to form them to cut off the steam at any
desired point of the stroke from about one-tenth of the stroke to any
greater fractional part thereof, and having also the driving arm D,
bush F, and crank disc E somewhat differently formed. The steam in
this modification is admitted by the branch pipe A round the passage a¹
to the port A' underneath the cylinder, seen in section in Figure 10,
and exhausts from the top side of the cylinder by the exhaust port A
and exhaust branch pipe A5, the exhaust port in the cylinder and
exhaust passages B' and B2 in the piston bearing on the top side. The
form of the exhaust passages B³ and B' are seen in the plan Figure 8
given of the cylinder, which, as described in connection with Figures 1,
5, and 6, are formed the full length of the stroke of the engine, and
therefore give for nearly the full stroke a free exhaust for the steam,
the inverted sectional plan of the cylinder and external plan of tho
piston B (Figure 9) showing the length and form of the steam ports
longitudinally, and the corresponding inverted sectional elevation
showing the ports in the cylinder and passages in the piston in section
through the line 2-2 in Figure 9. As it will be seen by Figure 9 the
steam passages in the piston are only left open towards the port or ports
of the length of the stroke, in this example about one-half the stroke;
the steam thereafter in its passage to the cylinder is cut off to this
extent, and the steam passage continued underneath the surface of the
piston, as indicated by the dotted lines and dotted arrows shown in the
port B. In this way, as will be readily seen, by shortening the opening
or open part of the steam passages B' and B in the piston out to the port
in the cylinder the steam cut off will be proportionately shortened, so
that within about the limits stated any degree of cut-off in the length of
the stroke can be effected, shortening the openings in the steam
passages B and B², as described. The working of the steam ports and
steam passages are otherwise the same as described in connection with
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and the same letters referring to like
parts a further description of this part of this engine is unnecessary;
the motion is as indicated by the arrows, the steam currents indicated by
the blue arrows, and exhaust steam by the blue darts. The arm D in
this example has the spherical end or neck D' loose on its end to allow
the end play to take place in the parallel rent of the arm D, passing
through the spherical end or bush neck D', the crank E being provided
with a movable cover and bolts Es for giving adjustment for wear, and
for getting in the spherical piece D¹.

page_text: Figure 12 is an external side elevation, and Figure 13 a plan with
the cylinder shown in section and showing an external plan of the
piston; Figure 14 is an end clevation showing the cylinder with its
steam ports and passages in section through the line 1-1 in Figure 13.
The form of the steam ports in this engine are entirely similar to those
described in connection with Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, but have got
two sets of passages formed in the piston B and in a reverse way to
give reversing action. As these parts are the same and the same
letters of reference referring to like parts they need not again be
described; the ports in the cylinder and passages in the piston shown
out of action being left without letters of reference. Those shown in
action have the same letters in like parts as in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10,
and 11, and the courses of the currents and motion indicated, the
same arrows indicating the motion and the blue arrows and darts the
motion of the currents of steam. In reversing the currents the cylinder
is provided with two slide valves. The slide valve I seen in section
in Figure 14 having the steam port A' open to the casing, and the
slide valve J having the exhaust port A* open, giving motion to the
engine accordingly. On the handle K being raised and the slide valve
I and J moved to the opposite ends of their casings, the other set of
ports and passages shown come into action, and the motion of the
engine reversed. The other parts of this engine being similar to those
already described, and the same letters of reference referring to like
parts other description is unnecessary.
All of these modifications of
engines on this Sheet of my Drawings, by making the ports or piston
passages without or with little cut-off of the actuating currents, arc
suitable for being wrought or actuated by water or other liquids, and
it is intended to so apply them,
On Sheet 13 of my Drawings Figure 15 is an external plan, and
Figure 16 an external elevation of a combined high and low pressure
engine with cylinders, pistons, and all working details. constructed in
this way, having one cylinder A" actuated by steam from a boiler or
steam generator, and the exhaust steam from it conveyed to the
induction port of another similar but larger cylinder A, and the
exhaust steam from the larger cylinder A" conveyed to a condenser a²,
forming thereby what is known as a combined high and low pressure
engine or a non-condensing and condensing engine combined. The
pistons of both cylinders A" and A" are fitted on one piston rod C and

page_text: transmit their force through an arm C to the branch E in the same
way as described in the various modifications of these engines on
Shect 12 of my Drawings, the twisting or oscillating action thereby
communicated to the piston rod C regulating and working the steam
induction and eduction ports and passages of both cylinders A" and A
simultaneously, the steam ports and passages in the long pistons being
formed the same as described in connection with Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11
on Slicet 12 of my Drawings. The steam pipe from the boiler being
connected to the steam branch A formed on the top of the high pressure
cylinder A", and exhausted from it by its under side into the passage G
indicated by the dotted lines in the sole plate G, which extends to the
induction port on the under side and into the centre of the condensing
cylinder A, the exhaust port of this cylinder and exhaust branch
pipe A being on its top side and to which the bent pipe M connects
it to the steam branch pipe a of the condenser a². This condenser-is
generally similar in its construction, to that described in connection
with Figures 14 and 15 on Sheet 9 of my Drawings, and the same
letters of reference refer to the same parts, only the letters are here
given in italics and need not be otherwise described. The condensing
water is discharged by the branch pipe c; a double acting water pump
is shown connected to the condenser by the pipe B for supplying it
with water and the same rod that, works the pump N is extended and
forms the plunger for a feed pump O for the boiler, both being brought
from the piston rod of the cylinders C by an arm P having a double
jointed box by which it works loosely on the piston rod C and held
in its position by the boss of the arm D, and as shown extended and
made to embrace the pump rod N¹ on which it is keyed; the same
letters refer to like parts in this engine as in Figures 7 and 8 ou
Sheet 12. This engine with slight modifications may be used as a
simple condensing engine by substituting for the high-pressure
cylinder A" a guide for the piston rod or a water pump.
Figure 17 is an external elevation, and Figure 18 an external plan
of a vertical cylinder engine with an air pump N wrought by the
piston rod all fixed on a standard casting G. The form of the cylinder of
this engine and all its working parts are similar to those described in
connection with Figures 7 and 8 on Sheet 12 of my Drawings, and the
same letters of reference referring to like parts. It is further shown
having its exhaust port A connected to an air steam condenser

page_text: similar to that described in connection with Figures 4 and 5 on Sheet S
of my Drawings. The same letters refer to like parts on it as on
Sheet 8, but are here given in italics, further description here is
therefore unnecessary. The motion of the engine is as indicated by
the arrow on the fly wheel II, and the course of the steam and air
currents are as indicated by the coloured arrows.
Figure 18, A is an external side elevation, and Figure 19, an external
plain of a combined steam engine and pump or donkey pump," the
steam cylinder A" and all the working parts being similar to that
described in connection with Figures 7 and 8, on Sheet 12 of my
Drawings, and the same letters of reference referring to the same parts
in each. The pump N is also formed with a long piston, and with ports
and passages in it similar to that described as being wrought by steam
in connection with Figures 1, 5, and 6 on Sheet 12 of my Drawings;
the ports and passages being wrought by the same oscillating action of
the engine, and set the opposite way from that of the steam eylinder
ports and passages in the piston, so as to give a suction or induction
action when the steam is forcing in the cylinder A" on the same
side of its piston, and thereby cause the water cylinder to act as a
double-acting pump, the inlet and outlet being as indicated by the
black arrows. This arrangement makes an efficient pump without
valves of any kind, and is suitable for both forcing and exhausting
purposes for liquids, air, or gases, and forms a very simple gas exhauster
for gasworks. Any ordinary form of pump can be and is intended to
be used connected to a continuation of the piston rod C of this form of
steam engine as a donkey" pumping engine.
Figure 20 is a front external elevation, Figure 21, a side external
elevation, and Figure 22, in part is an external plan, and in part a
sectional plan of a pair of these oscillating and reciprocatory cylinders
combined, and connected to one crank shaft to act as a meter for
measuring liquids. The form of the ports and passages in the pistons
used are the same as described in connection with Figures 1, 5, and 6
on Sheet 12 of my Drawings, and the same letters of reference refer to
the same parts in these Figures as in this combination, and do not
require to be otherwise further described. The water enters by the
branch pipe A, and passing through the channels and ports indicated by
the arrows passes out by the exhaust pipe A³. The capacity of
the cylinders being made to any desired aliquot part or understood

page_text: quantity as indicated by an ordinary liquid index through the small
wheel P on the crank shaft gearing into the wheel Q, which has formed
on its spindle the small worm R gearing with the worm wheel S, to
which an ordinary index can be geared, and forming thereby a complete
water meter. Two cylinders can be coupled in various ways as a
coupled engine, and this also illustrates one way of doing so. The
essential improvements or features of novelty of this part of my
Invention consist in the method of actuating the crank shaft by the arm
for giving an oscillating action to a long piston in which are formed in
part the steam passages to and from the steam or fluid room or space
in the cylinder, instead of the ordinary slide valve, and all in the new
or improved manner, and for the uses and purposes substantially as
described.
66
Another improvement under this third head is for the regulating and
governing the speed of fluid motive-power engines, and consists in the
use of various equivalent forms of segmental turbine-formed wheels or
discs, or pendulous valve pieces, with a slanting opening or openings of
a "louver board" shape, or series of small vanes, on which the passing
current of steam or other fluid is caused to impinge, and balanced by
a spring or pendulous acting weighted lever connected to actuate or
shut off a throttling valve or disc, so arranged that when the engine
"
runs away at a speed beyond what is desired, and the steam or
actuating fluid correspondingly increasing in speed or force, this excess
of force will act on the vanes or "louver board" pieces, and so far
overcome the weight of the balancing spring or pendulum as to close
or throttle the passage of the fluid, so as to keep the speed of the engine
at or approximately at the speed or motion required, and that without
any mechanical gear connected to the moving parts of the engine. The
centre of gravity or vibration of the balance weight or pendulum may
be made to vary by the pressure of fluid or steam, and thereby give
more delicate regulating action. This apparatus acts both as a governor
and as a throttle valve suitable for marine and other engines, and the
position which the pendulous balance weight assumes will approximately
indicate the quantity of fluid or steam passing through it.
Figure 23 is a side elevation, Figure 24 a sectional clevation, and
Figure 25, a sectional plan of one modification of a motive-power engine
governor of this description composed of a circular case A2 with a steam
inlet branch pipe A and an outlet branch A, these branches being

page_text: about the same sectional area as the steam engine steam pipe to which
they are to be applied, and are placed in the steam pipe as part of the
pipe connecting the steam boiler to the engine. The case A is accurately
turned out, having a bush step A' bored in its bottom side, and faced
and fitted with a cover A" on its other side having a stuffing box and
guard A for the spindle of the turbine regulator seen in section in
Figure 25, the case A thus formed being a short cylinder, the circum-
ferential surface of which is bored out as described. It is not necessary
that the bottom and inner surface of the cover be faced, but only the
washer parts of the footstep A' and the inside washer around the bottom
of the stuffing box A³. A brass segmental valve piece B by preference
cast in one piece, and with two pairs of arms B' and B having a central
spindle piece turned to fit the step bush A' and the stuffing box A³
freely, and extending beyond it for the attachment of the pendulous
lever C on which the weight C' seen in Figure 23 is fixed. The arm
and segmental side picces B', B', of the turbine valve picce B have cast
between them a series of small vancs b, b, b, seen in section in Figure 24,
and the arms B, B, have formed on their extremities the circumferential
valve piece B', the whole being "turned up" to fit the case and to
oscillate in it freely, accurate fitting not being necessary. Thus arranged,
and on steam being made to enter by the branch pipe A and pass out
by the branch A so long as the speed of current passing through the
case, as indicated by the arrows, is of such a force as the weight C' on the
pendulum C may be adjusted to, it will remain near a perpendicular
position, as shown in Figure 23, there is no closing motion of the turbine
wheel B, but on the speed of the engine increasing and the current
proportionally increased, the current impinges with greater force against
the obliquely set vanes b, b, b, causing the turbine valve B to cut off the
space at B', and to turn round, as indicated by the dotted lines & seen in
Figure 24, and narrow or close the branch pipe A, the pendulum C and
weight C assuming the position (or approximately so) shown by the
dotted lines C¹ seen in Figure 23, and in this way regulate the speed of
the engine. To prevent the pendulum C getting swung round too far, a
pin D is fixed in the case cover A", on which it is arrested when the
branch A³ is closed by the segmental valve piece B'.
Figure 26 is a similar arrangement of governor to that described in
connection with Figures 23, 24, and 25, but instead of the weighted
pendulum the lever C is kept in tension against the closing action of
the steam current by a "Salters" balance E, this or any other good.

page_text: description of spring balance being the most suitable for marine and
other purposes where the position in which the engines are placed may
be unsteady.
For more delicate regulating effect Figure 27 is an external front
elevation, and Figure 28, a transverse sectional elevation of a similar
governor to that just described in connection with Figures 23, 24, and 25.
In this arrangement the pendulum C is formed of the section shown by
Figure 28, being a closed vessel with only a small opening from it
through the spindle B' of the turbine valve B into the case A from the
central chamber C³ in the pendulum as indicated in section in Figure 28.
On this closed pendulum C being first filled with air and then with
water until the central cavity 03 is full, the air will collect in the manner
of an air vessel on the top of the annular cavity C¹ and remain in the state
as shown in Figure 28, but on pressure being given to the column of
water C³ from the motive fluid inside the case A through the small
hole in the centre of the spindle B' of the turbine valve B, as shown in
the sectional view Figure 28, the central column of water C³ gets
depressed and the water caused to rise in the annular chamber C, C,
correspondingly, thereby extending down the centre of vibration of
the pendulum C, every increment of increase of pressure causing the
water to rise further in the annular chamber C₁, the limit to the exten-
sion downwards of the centre of gravity of the mass of water in the
pendulum being when the water line in the chambers C³, C', are on one
level. In this way by the pressure of the steam increasing the lenght of
the pendulum is proportionally increased.
Figure 29 is a side sectional elevation, Figure 30 a sectional end
elevation through the line 1-1 in Figure 29, and Figure 31 an external
elevation of a modification arranged for the current to actuate the
segmental turbine valve B in line with its axis, instead of crossways as
in the last example, but having also the same arrangement of a series
of vanes b, b, b, and a closing or throttling valve picce B on the opposite
face and branch of the case A2. The same letters of reference refer to
like parts in this modification, and its action is similar to that described
in connection with Figures 23, 24, and 25, and does not require therefore
to be re-described. The essential improvement of this part of my Invention
is the use of oblique vanes in connection with a motive current, arranged
to work a throttling valve by the impingement of the current on a vane
or vanes, as described.

page_text: The last improvement under this third head or section of my
said Invention consists in the transmission of motion at high speeds
for the motive-power engines lierein-before described, by employing
on the engine crank shaft or first revolving shaft a wheel with a
broad rim, having a scat or channel cut in it, in which is placed a
leather belt in one or more breadths, having the one end passed
down through a cross slot in the rim of the wheel, and secured by a
cotter or other means, and when passed round the rim and down through
the same cross slot as the other end is fastened in and brought down
and round upon a tightening roller placed in the arm or central
part of the wheel, so as to tighten up the belt as it extends in the
direction of the driving motion, which is caused to have a "tauting"
effect on the belt, the driven wheel to be a plain surface wheel and
formed of any suitable metal. In large wheels of this description the
best arrangement is to have the belt put on in two pieces or breadths,
and the cross fastening slot of each belt only formed half the breadth of
the wheel in each, at different places, so as to have the joints at different
positions.
Figure 32 is a side elevation, partly in section, Figure 33 an edge
view, and Figure 34 a plan, partly in section, of a pair of wheels a, b,
formed as described in the main features, the centre arms and rim being
for the most part similar to an ordinary frictional wheel, the arrange-
ment being in this example for placing on the belt in two breadths. A
seat or channel A is cut in the rim nearly at full breadth to about
the same depth as the thickness of the belt, leaving only the small
ledges A, A, at the sides with a slot A half the breadth of the wheel,
and in width sufficient to take in both ends of the covering belt c, one
end being first put in and fastened by a cotter A'; the other end is
passed round the wheel and down through the same cross slot A³ as
the other end, and wound upon a tightening bolt B, which works in
holes a, a, formed in the double flanges in the arm of the wheel a, and
in this way the belt is drawn on tight on the rim. The other half-
breadth belt c¹ is similarly fixed and tightened up by the tightening
bolt B', and both fixed so that the motion of the wheel a in transmitting
power from the frictional contact of the belt will tend to draw the slack
into the end to be wound on the tightening belts B and B', the slack
being wound up from time to time on the bolts as the driving action
causes the belt to become slack; the form of the rim of the wheel with
he covering belts put on being seen in Figure 1. Formed in this way

page_text: these wheels transmit the power of the engines with little friction on the
axis bearing, and with very little noise.
The new or improved motive-power engines herein described are
applicable to and are intended to be used for the transmission of motive
power for the various purposes for which stationary, marine, and other
ordinary motive engines have been used heretofore.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be performed or carried
into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion
to describe and delineate, as many variations may be made therefrom
without departing from the main or essential features thereof; neither,
on the other hand, do I claim having invented many of the details of
mechanical constructions and motions which I have had occasion to
describe for the purpose of making my said Invention properly under-
stood by themselves, as many of these have heretofore been used in
various forms of ordinary motive-power engines and machines, except in
so far as these are combined with, form part of, or constitute any of the
several improvements which I believe to be new and original, and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, namely, the construction and arrangement of the
parts of motive-power engines and fluid-measuring machines and their
uses, and modes and means of producing and using the motive fluids for
and through these engines and parts thereof, all substantially in the
new or improved manner herein-before described and distinguished as
forming this my said Invention, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Robertson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
20, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.
JAMES ROBERTSON. (L.S.)