AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND GRINDING TO POWDER STONE AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING AND MIXING CLAY, PEAT, FUEL, OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR SURFACING ROADS.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Stone, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR BREAKING,
CRUSHING, AND GRINDING TO POWDER STONE AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING AND MIXING CLAY, PEAT, FUEL, OR OTHER
LIKE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR SURFACING ROADS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Stone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1878.
I, ROBERT STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND GRINDING TO POWDER STONE AND OTHER
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING AND MEXING CLAY, PEAT, FUEL;
OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES AND FOR SURFACING Roads," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to an improved machine for breaking, crushing,
and grinding to powder stone and other similar substances, also
applicable for grinding and mixing clay, peat, fuel, or other like sub-

page_text: '
stances, and is so arranged that the substances or materials may be
withdrawn or discharged from the machine in different stages, that is to
say, in the case of stone breaking and crushing, the stones can be broken
or crushed and discharged in sizes suitable for macadamising roads or in
pebbles, or gravel, or powder during the same operation or separately.
Olay, peat, fuel, and other similar substances may be treated in like
manner.
A modification of this machine may be used for surfacing or levelling
roads by grinding or rasping the surface material of which such roads
are composed.
A machine constructed according to this Invention consists of a
hollow conical casting, the outside surface of which is set off in
graduated steps having a slight incline. The surface of each step is
roughed or corrugated so that it has a bighting edge. Each step
being roughed or corrugated to a coarser degree as the steps ascend.
The bottom step is provided with a metal frame or guard, and each step
is provided with a door or discharge spout so arranged that they can
be opened or closed as required. These doors deliver the material into
the interior of the casting. Surmounting this hollow conical casting is
a second casting of great weight, which fits over and covers the first-
mentioned casting. The interior of the second casting is fitted with
graduated steps to take on to the before-mentioned steps in the first
casting. These steps are also roughed or corrugated in manner similar
to those before mentioned. This second casting is surmounted by a
hopper and runs on a vertical shaft, which is so arranged that the
spaces between the steps of the two castings can be regulated according
to the requirements of the substance or material to be treated: The
upper casting is made to rotate with considerable speed round the first-
mentioned casting.
The material under treatment being fed into the hopper and from
thence to the graduated steps of the castings, descends between them
and undergoes the process of breaking, crushing, and grinding to powder,
according to the different steps or grades it passes.
The material can be withdrawn or discharged at any stage through
the trap or shoot in connexion with the several steps.
The top or rotating casting may be caused to rotate by any suitable
means, such as spur gearing, belts, or any mechanical power,

page_text: By this machine any substance or material may be reduced from bulk
to the finest powder, or the machine may be used as a mixing machine
for clay, peat, fuel, mortar, or other like substances, as will be under-
stood.
A modification of this machine may be used for surfacing or levelling
roads, and consists in mounting by a suitable frame on wheels, a metal
block or casting, having its under surface roughed or rasped in manner
similar to the before-mentioned steps of the pulverising machine. This
metal block or casting is made to rotate rapidly by any suitable
mechanical means over the surfaces of roads, whether of timber or stone
setts, or otherwise. The rotation of the block will level or do away with
any inequalities in the surface of the road caused by unequal wear or
unsound material, as is well understood.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Stone in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
STON 1 Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Robert Stone, Her special licence
that I, the said Robert Stone, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Stone, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Ohannel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND GRINDING TO POWDER STONE AND OTHER
BIMILAR SUBSTANCES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING AND MIXING CLAY, PEAT,
FUEL OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES, AND FOR SURFACING ROADS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Stone, my executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Stone, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to an improved machine for breaking, crushing,
and grinding to powder stone and other similar substances, and is also
applicable for grinding and mixing clay, peat, fuel, or other like sub-
stances, and is so arranged that the substances or materials may be
withdrawn or discharged from the machine in different stages, that is to
say, in the case of stone breaking and crushing the stones can be broken
or crushed and discharged in sizes suitable for macadamizing roads, or
in pebbles or gravel or powder during the same operation or separately.
Clay, peat, fuel, and other similar substances may be treated in like
manner.
A. modification of this machine may be used for surfacing or levelling
roads by grinding or rasping the surface material of which such roads
are composed.
A machine constructed according to this Invention consists of a
hollow conical casting, the outside surface of which is set off in
graduated steps having a slight incline. The surface of each step is
roughed or corrugated so that it has a bighting edge, each step being
roughed or corrugated to a coarser degree as the steps ascend. The
bottom step is provided with a metal frame or guard, and each step is
provided with a door or discharge spout, so arranged that they can be
opened or closed as required. These doors deliver the material into the
interior of the casting. Surmounting this conical hollow casting is a
second casting of great weight, which fits over and covers the first-
mentioned casting. The interior of the second casting is fitted with
graduated steps to take on to the before-mentioned steps in the first
casting. These steps are also roughed or corrugated in manner similar
to those before mentioned. This second casting is surmounted by a

page_text: spaces between the steps of the two castings can be regulated according
to the requirements of the substance or material to be treated. The
upper casting is made to rotate with considerable speed round the first-
mentioned casting.
The material under treatment being fed into the hopper and from
thence to the graduated steps of the castings descends between them and
undergoes the process of breaking, crushing, and grinding to powder,
according to the different steps or grades it passes.
The material can be withdrawn or discharged at any stage through the
trap or shoot in connexion with the several steps.
The top or rotating casting may be caused to rotate by any suitable
means, such as spur gearing, belts, or any mechanical power.
The before-going being the nature, object, and purposes of this
Invention I will now proceed to describe more in detail how the same
may be carried into practical effect, and for that purpose I have here-
unto attached a Sheet of Drawings that will enable any practical
mechanic to understand the principle of my Invention and carry the
same practically into effect. Like letters and figures on the various
views in the Drawings denote similar parts.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus, constructed according
to my Invention, for breaking, crushing, and grinding to powder
materials; Figure 2 is an outside part plan of same.
Figure 8 is a plan of apparatus for surfacing or levelling roads and
like purposes; Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of same.
Upon reference it will be seen that my improved apparatus for
breaking, crushing, and grinding to powder materials consists of a
hollow conical casting A, the outside surface of which is set off in
graduated steps B, B², B³, B³, B', having a slight incline. The surface
of each step is roughed or corrugated so that it has a bighting edge,
each step being roughed or corrugated to a coarser degree as the steps
ascend, that is, the step B' is corrugated to break the material, B³ to
reduce it to a finer degree, B³ to reduce it further, and B² to reduce it
again, so that if after being reduced by B it passes away as powder into
the tray or guard C. Each step is provided with a door or discharge

page_text: spout D, D¹, D³, D³, D', so arranged that they can be opened or closed
as required. These doors deliver the material into the interior of the
casting A or on the tray C. Surmounting the casting A is a second
casting E which fits over and covers the casting A. The interior of the
casting E is fitted with graduated steps G, G1, G2, G3, G4, to come over
the steps B, B³, B³, B³, B'. The steps G are also roughed in manner
corresponding to the steps B. The casting E is surmounted and
steadied by a hopper F which also serves, in the case shown in the
Drawings, as a socket for the casting E to revolve in. The casting E
is fitted with antifriction rollers H and scrapers I, the former to ease
the friction and the latter to clear the material from the tray O, which
tray is fitted with a suitable delivery spout. The casting E is caused to
rotate by means of the strap K. In some instances the casting E may
revolve on a vertical shaft so arranged that the spaces between the
steps of the castings E and A can be regulated according to the
requirements of the material under treatment. The casting E may
be
made to rotate with considerable speed by any mechanical arrangement
as will be understood.
The material under treatment is fed into the hopper F, and from
thence passes between the graduated inclined steps G and B of the
castings E and A, and gradually undergoes the process of breaking,
crushing, and grinding to powder, according to the different steps or
grades it passes. The material can be withdrawn or discharged at any
stage through the traps or shoots D.
By this machine any substance or material may be reduced from
bulk to the finest powder, or the machine may be used as a mixing
machine for clay, peat, artificial fuel, or, other like substance, as will be
understood.
The apparatus shown at Figures 3 and 4 consists of a frame.a
mounted on wheels b and carrying a metal block or casting c, having its
under surface roughed or rasped in manner similar to the steps of the
before mentioned pulverizing machine. The metal block or casting c is
made to rotate rapidly by any suitable mechanical means over the
surfaces of roads, whether of timber, cr stone sets, or otherwise. The
rotation of the block c will level or do away with any inequalities in the
surface of the road caused by unequal wear or unsound material, as is
well understood.

page_text: This apparatus can also be used for surfacing blocks of stone, or for
facing the walls of buildings, and many other like purposes.
Having now described and ascertained the nature, object, and
purposes of this my Invention and explained how the same may be put
into practical effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact style or dimensions of the apparatus shown in the
Drawings, as the same may be considerably altered without departing
from my Invention, but what I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid is,―
Firstly. A machine (for breaking, crushing, (and grinding to powder
stone and other similar substances, also applicable to grinding and
mixing clay, peat, fuel, or other like substances, and for crushing and
grinding bones, grain, and all materials requiring such treatment)
consisting of a hollow conical casting with graduated roughed steps,
surmounted by a second casting with corresponding steps as shown
at A, B, E, and G, of the accompanying Drawings, substantially in the
manner set forth.
Secondly. The apparatus for surfacing roads, blocks of stone, fronts of
buildings, and other similar purposes, consisting of the rotating block c,
as shown in the Drawings at Figures 3 and 4, substantially as set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Stone, have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.