Improvements in Explosion or like Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 26th Aug., 1899
Improvements in Explosion or like Engines.
I, PAUL LAIR, of Lotbiniere, County of Lotbiniere, Province of Quebec, Canada,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:--
My invention relates to improvements in engines, and has particular relation
to the class known as explosive engines:-
The objects of my invention are to provide a device of this character in which
the motive power is furnished by the explosion of gas generated from low-grade
oils. A further object is to provide such device with mechanism for accurately
mixing and feeding low-grade oils to the explosion chamber. A further object
is to provide such device with mechanism for automatically regulating the
amount of oil for generating purposes, thus controlling the speed of the engine.
A further object is to provide such device in which the explosion is made with
absolute certainty. A further object is to provide such device for keeping the
exterior of the explosion chamber from becoming heated. A further object is
to provide such device with means for carrying off the exploded gas from the
explosion chamber. A further object is to provide a governor which is accurate
in its operation and by means of which the supply of oil to the mixing chamber
may be regulated. A further object is to provide such device with accurately
operating valves for feeding the gas to the explosion chamber and for passing the
exploded gas from said chamber. A further object is to provide a device which
is durable in construction and which can be operated in simple manner and
without danger to the operator.
To these ends my invention consists in the improved construction and com-
bination of parts hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the
claims.
In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference indicate
similar parts in all of the figures.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved engine.
Figure 2 is a rear view of the same.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the upper portion of my device.
Figure 4 is a vertical cross sectional view of the same.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section taken through the explosion chamber, showing
the mechanism for causing the explosion of the gas.
Figure 6 is a view partly in section, showing the oil feeding and mixing
mechanism.
Figure 7 is a sectional view taken on line 7-7 of Figure 6.
Figure 8 is an elevation showing the means for regulating the oil supply.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of the governor, showing it in its closed position.
Figure 10 is a plan view showing the governor in its open position, operating
to stop the supply of oil.
Figure 11 is a view showing the cam for operating the oil controlling valve
and plunger.

page_text: A designates an engine, suitably mounted on the base a.
Mounted in bear-
ings a secured to the top of the base a, is the shaft a having the balance
wheels a secured thereto outside of the base a. a designates the piston rod, the
lower end of which is mounted on the shaft a¹ and having at its upper end the
piston head a³, which is mounted to be slidable vertically in the cylinder or
explosion chamber a. These parts may be of any approved form but are prefer-
ably made as shown in the drawings.
As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the exterior of the explosion chamber is pro-
vided with horizontal flanges or ribs a', extending entirely around the chamber,
each rib being provided with openings a8. These ribs are enclosed by a casing a³,
said casing having the opening a
To one side of the casing a³, and within an encircling band a¹¹, I mount a
rotary fan B, the bearing. of which is secured to the side of the base. The fan
is rotated by means of a small roller b¹ mounted on the fan shaft, the position
of the roller being such that a tight frictional contact will be had between the
peripheries of the roller and the balance wheel a³.
The fan B being mounted in the opening 2 formed in the casing a of the
same size as the inner circumference of encircling band a", any rotation of the
balance wheel, will cause the fan to be rapidly rotated, drawing the outer cold
air into the opening a¹ and forcing the air inward and upward through the
openings, around the exterior of the explosion chamber and out through
opening, thus serving to prevent heating of the combustion chamber and the
danger of the explosion of the gas in the explosion chamber.
The upper end of the explosion chamber a is closed by means of the top C,
which is secured in position by means of bolts extending into the ribs. The
top C is provided with an opening c formed at one side of its center which open-
ing leads into a lateral channel to the outlet end of which is secured pipe .
A spring actuated valve serves to close the opening c, the valve being adapted
to be operated at certain periods as hereinafter set forth. As the opposite side
of the center of the top (', a second opening ct is formed, said opening having con-
nection with a channel a leading through the top in a direction opposite to that
of the channel el, the openings and channels being so arranged that communica-
tion between them can only be had through the explosion chamber a. A spring
actuated valve is provided for closing the opening . The opening forms
the inlet for the gas while the opening e forms the outlet for the exploded gas.
To one side of the top (, I secure, by suitable bolts, an extension D, provided
with the channel extending therethrough, said channel forming a continuation
of the channel. At suitable distances in the vertical portion of the channel d,
I place suitable perforated, cone-shaped air and oil mixers did, said mixers
being held in position by means of collar 2 placed in said channel between
the mixers. A plunger is mounted centrally in said channel d passing
through said mixers, said plunger being provided, at a suitable distance from
its top, with a valve, the valve and plunger being held in their upper position
by means of spring № located between the lower face of the valve and the upper
mixer d. Projections ad extend laterally from the extension I) at points near
its top and bottom, said projections being provided with openings for a
purpose to be hereinafter described.
A top E is removably secured to the extension D at its top, and is provided with
a central opening e, the lower end of which is contracted, as shown at e' for the
purpose of forming a valve seat. A tubular extension e2 is secured to the top E
at its lower end, the extension e extending downward into the upper end of the
channel, the lower end of the channel forming a valve seat e³ against which the
valve is adapted to normally rest, the upper end of the plunger dextending
into the opening in the extension, this construction preventing the plunger and
its valve from passing out of its central position.
A plunger e is mounted in the opening e, a stuffing box é located at the upper
end of the top, serving to close the opening yet allowing of the vertical move-

page_text: ment of the plunger. The plunger has its upper end screw-threaded for the
reception of an adjusting nut e, the purpose of which will be hereinafter
described.
The plungere has its diameter reduced for a portion of its length, as shown
at e', and has its lower end cone-shaped to form the valve adapted to normally
rest on the valve seat e¹.
Mounted within the openings, and having a vertical movement therein,
is a rod the upper end of which is bent at an angle as shown in Figure 4, the
end of the rod being provided with a kerf 0 which is adapted to normally rest
on the top of the plunger e, the rod being held in this position by means of the
spring elf
The rod below the lower projection is provided with a fixed collar ela,
having its front face provided with an inclined way e¹³. Mounted on the rod e',
below the collar e¹2 is a sliding collar e, the front face of which is provided with
the inclined way el, the two inclined ways els es being arranged at opposite
angles, as best shown in Figure 8.
Located at the front of the collars e¹2 ¹ and between the inclined ways e13, e¹³, is
a roller 16 mounted on a pivot e¹7 secured to one end of a link e18, the opposite
end of said link being pivotally connected to one end of a bell crank lever el
pivotally connected to the extension 1), said lever having its opposite end
bifurcated to engage with the valve below spring 7 located thereon to normally
hold the valve closed.
It will be apparent from this construction that if any upward pressure is applied
to the sliding collar e¹ the rode will be moved upward by reason of the roller c
engaging with the fixed collar e, and this upward movement of the rod will
cause the kerfed end of the rod to engage with the adjustable nut on the
plunger e, raising the plunger e and lifting the valve e off its seat el, allowing
the liquid that may be in the opening e to pass downward into the extension e²,
where it is held by the valve . Upon releasing the pressure on the sliding
collar e the spring el will cause the rod to move downward, thus engaging
with the top of the plunger et and forcing it downward. This downward move-
ment of the plunger and the valve es at its lower end, causes a pressure to be
applied on the liquid in the extension which is forced downward opening the
valve and allowing the liquid in the extension to pass downward into the
mixing chamber e20, where it is associated with air which enters through open-
ings formed in the walls of the mixing chamber 2, the valve having in
the meantime been forced downward on its seat, preventing the further passage
of the liquid to the extension e² until the valve is again lifted from its seat and
the operation repeated.
When the liquid has passed into the mixing chamber 20 and becomes associated
with the air, it passes downward through the mixers did where the thorough
mixing causes the liquid to be formed into a vapor which passes downward and
into the explosion chamber a when the valve has been opened, as hereinafter
described.
F designates an oil receptacle, within which the oil is retained, and from
which it passes into the opening e, through tube f connected to the top E at one
side. A valve f¹ is placed at the inner end of the tube to prevent the return of
the oil to the tube f. A stop-cock f2 is inserted in the tube to cut off the supply
of oil, when the engine is not running.
While I have described the oil receptacle shown in Figure 3 of the drawing,
yet in view of the fact that to obtain the best results, I start the engine with
a light volatile oil such as gasoline, and after the engine has been completely
started, change to a denser oil, such as refined petroleum or coal oil, I prefer to
make the receptacle as shown in Figure 6, where the receptacle is divided into two
parts by means of the partition f each part being provided with an opening
leading into the tube f, each opening being provided with a stop-cock f
It will be apparent that when the valve 3 of the plunger c is raised, the slight

page_text: back pressure against the oil in the opening e, caused by the shape of the upper
face of the valve 8, will exert itself against the valve and close it against its
seat f, preventing the flow of oil into the opening e, the compressed oil serving
to hold the valve f in place until the downward movement of the plunger e will
serve to release this pressure and allow the valve f¹ to leave its seat, the oil
resuming its flow into the opening c. While such back pressure is formed, yet
there is a sufficient space between the periphery of the valve es and the opening e
to allow of the passage downward through this space, of a sufficient amount of
oil to allow of the working of the engine, the partial compression of the oil
above the valve 8, aiding in the forcing of the oil through this space.
In the rear of the top C, and mounted in suitable bearings g I mount a longi-
tudinal shaft G, to one end of which I mount the sprocket wheel g¹ adapted to
be driven by, the sprocket a mounted on the shaft a', through the medium of
sprocket chain g2 adapted to be kept taut by means of the adjustable roller g
secured to the side of the casing. The sprocket wheels g' and a¹³ are so arranged
that two revolutions of the sprocket wheel a causes one revolution of the sprocket
wheel g', for a purpose hereinafter described.
An eccentrically mounted cam gt is mounted on the shaft G, in rear of the
valve, upon which is adapted to ride, the rear end of lever g pivotally mounted
in bearing g secured to the top C. The front end of the lever g is bifurcated
as at g the ends being adapted to engage with a suitable stop 8 secured on the
valve ³.
It will be apparent that when the cam y revolves, the rear end of the lever g³
will be raised, thus forcing downward the valve 3 against the action of the
spring mounted on the valve c, thus opening the valve while the rear end of
the lever is in its raised position. As the cam g' turns, the lever will be
released from the raising action of the cam and the spring will close the valve
and keep the rear end of the lever g5 in engagement with the upper face of the
cam g³.
Near the front end of the shaft G, is secured a cam g', its face having the
form shown in Figure 11. An arm glo having its rear end bent upwardly as at gl
is pivotally mounted in a bearing g secured to the rear of the extension D, the
said upwardly bent portion g" being adapted to rest against the face of the cam g".
The free end of the arm to is mounted in an opening 3 formed in the rear face of
the sliding collar c¹.
From this construction it will be apparent that as the shaft G revolves, carry-
ing with it the cam g', the arm g" will be rocked on its pivot and cause a corre-
sponding movement of the sliding collar ", which in turn operated the plunger c
as hereinafter set forth. It will be seen that the arm g10 is moving practically
all the time, but such movement has no effect on the plunger except when the
rod reaches a point near its top or bottom limit of movement. This allows of
a steady movement of the operating parts and prevents any danger of accidents
caused by the sudden movement of any of the parts.
The operation of the construction as above set forth would be as follows:- -
The oil receptacle F, shown in Figure 6, having been filled with the gasoline
and the less volatile oil, the stop-cock f to the gasoline portion of the receptacle,
is opened, the gasoline flowing downward into the opening e. The balance
wheels a are then rotated, by any suitable means, causing the piston a to be
operated, and also causing the shaft G to be rotated, which in turn operates the
plunger as hereinbefore set forth. The piston head a fitting the cylinder or
explosion chamber a closely, when moving downward forms a vacuum in the
chamber a which serves to draw the valve off of its seat against the action of
the spring which is formed of sufficient power to keep the valve on its seat,
when no heavy pressure is exerted to draw the valve off of its seat.
The opening
of the valve allows of the entrance of the vapor (formed by the mixing of the
air and gasoline as hereinbefore described) into the explosion chamber. This
vapor is introduced while the piston head is being moved downward, the valve cª

page_text: immediately closing upon the return movement of the piston. As the piston
moves upward, the vapor is compressed, and when the piston has reached its
upward limit of movement, the vapor is exploded by means hereinafter described,
the expanding vapor forcing the piston downward, but without opening the
valve by reason of the fact that no vacuum is formed at this period of the
operations. When the piston has reached its lower end, the lever is operated
upon by the cam g' and opening the valve through which the exploded vapor
passes during the upward movement of the piston, the spring returning the
valve to its seat as the cam g* revolves, the valve being closed when the piston
reaches its upward limit of movement.
As the shaft G makes but one revolution while the shaft a revolves twice, it
will be seen that the valves will be operated but once during two complete
movements of the piston, the operation of the valves being at the time the piston
is in the following positions:-The first downward movement of the piston serves
to open the valve c for the inlet of the vapor; the upward movement which follows
compresses the vapor; the second downward movement is caused by the exploding
of the vapor, and the ensuing upward movement, by reason of the opening of the
valve forces the exploded vapor out through outlet pipe . The force exerted
by the explosion of the vapor is sufficient to cause the balance wheels to make
two complete revolutions between each explosion.
After the machine has started, the stop-cock f² to the gasoline portion of the
oil receptacle F is closed and the stop-cock f of the heavier oil portion is opened,
the heat generated by the several explosions being sufficient to warm the top C,
aiding in the forming of the vapor from the heavier oil.
In producing the explosion of the vapor after it has been compressed in the
explosion chamber 6, I preferably make use of the electric spark emitted on the
contact of positive and negative poles located within the explosion chamber, the
current to produce which is derived from a cell battery located at some suitable
point, the wires leading therefrom being connected to the engine at suitable
points as hereinafter described. The mechanism used for producing the spark
at the proper time is best shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5, and is as follows:
H designates a shaft, extending from the side of the engine, through the casing
and into the explosion chamber, and is revolubly mounted in a suitable elongated
bearing, secured in the casing and to the walls of the explosion chamber. The
outer end of the shaft is provided with a wheel having notches formed on its
outer face for the reception of one end of a pawl which is pivotally mounted
on one end of a lever pivotally connected to the end of the shaft H. An arm
is pivotally connected to the lower end of the lever h³, the rear end of said arm
being pivotally connected to the face of a disk g located on the end of the shaft G
in such manner that as the shaft G revolves, carrying with it the disk g, the
lever h will be rocked on its pivot, causing the pawl, which is held in engage-
ment with one of the notches 2 by suitable means, such as spring ho, to turn
the wheel a suitable distance, and then return to its former position, the wheel
being held against any backward movement by the engagement in one of the
notches of one end of a suitable bar secured to the casing.
To hold the shaft in its proper position a collar 8 is provided, said collar being
secured in position against the inner end of the elongated bearing h. The inner
end of the shaft H is provided with a disk h° to the face of which are secured
pins ho corresponding in number and position to the notches on the wheel h¹.
It will be apparent from this construction, that as the shaft G makes one com-
plete revolution, the shaft H will make a revolution equal to the distance between
the pins h10.
To the rear of the casing, and on a plane with the shaft H, I secure a plate "
having an extension secured to the walls of the explosion chamber a. The
plate and extension are provided with a central opening h13 which leads into the
explosion chamber. Secured to the rear face of the plate ", but insulated there-

page_text: from by suitable insulation 4, is a plate h¹³ to the center of which is secured a
tube within which is secured a finger h, the front end of which extends
through opening 3 into the explosion chamber where it is adapted to come in
contact with the pins 10 as the shaft H is rotated. One of the wires from the
battery 18 is secured to the rear end of the finger 1, the other being connected
to some suitable part of the engine, preferably the bearing h.
From this it will be apparent that the front end of the finger
form the respective poles of the circuit, and that as the shaft
spark will be emitted whenever the finger " and one of the pins
each other.
and the pins
H is rotated, a
contact with
As there is a direct connection between the movement of the piston and the
movement of the shaft H, by means of shaft a¹, sprocket a¹³, sprocket chain g²,
sprocket wheel gl, shaft G, disk gl, arm h³, lever h, pawl h³, and wheel ', it will
be apparent that the spark can only be produced at the instant when it is required,
thus preventing any danger from a premature explosion of the vapor.
It will be apparent that the amount of fluid admitted to the mixing chamber,
will be regulated by the length of the stroke of the plunger e', the stroke of the
plunger being regulated by the position of adjusting nut e, it being obvious that
as the distance between the lower face of the adjusting nut ef and the upper end
of the plunger e increases. the length of stroke of the plunger will decrease.
thereby decreasing the supply of fluid in the mixing chamber. Therefore, when
the adjusting nut e6 has been adjusted to the proper point, the amount of fluid
passed into the mixing chamber will not vary, excepting under certain circum-
stances which I will now proceed to describe:
It is obvious that the adjusting nut e will be adjusted to a point where the
length of the stroke of the piston will pass sufficient fluid into the mixing chamber,
to cause the engine to operate the connected machinery when in use. When the
machinery is stopped, or when used in connection with machinery such as a
planer where the power needed is increased and diminished intermittently, it
will be apparent that when the need of power is diminished, the engine will be
driven at an increased speed, and at such times it is desired that the supply of
fluid to the mixing chamber should be decreased, and this is accomplished by
means of the device applied to the lower end of the rod e, best shown in Figure 9.
The collare being fixed on the rod, it is obvious that when the roller e¹6 is
raised it will raise the rod e, and to raise the roller c¹ the collar is provided
as hereinbefore described. As long, therefore, as the roller remains in one fixed
position, the rod e" will be raised to the same height with each revolution of the
shaft and the amount of fluid passed into the mixing chamber will be the same
with each stroke of the plunger e'. If, however, the roller (16 is moved toward
the right, the sliding collar will be moved upward a greater distance on the
rod before the top of the roller c¹ will contact with the inclined way, and,
as the sliding collar el has a fixed vertical movement, the iod will not be
moved the full length of its stroke, and will therefore shorten the stroke of the
plunger e, allowing of the passage of a less quantity of fluid.
It will be apparent, that if the roller el be moved a sufficient distance toward
the right, the contact between the top of the roller el and the inclined way
will be made at such a point as will prevent the rod e from having any upward
movement, or not sufficient to raise the plunger from its seat, in which case there
will be no inlet of fluid into the mixing chamber, no vapor being formed and
the engine stopped in its movement, until more fluid is introduced.
It will be apparent therefore, that if the amount of fluid passed into the mixing
chamber, can be automatically regulated, the engine can be regulated to run
at any desired speed by means of the regulating, by the adjusting nut e, of the
approximate amount of fluid passed into the mixing chamber, and the regulation
of this amount by means of the automatic moving of the roller to the right as
the speed increases. This automatic movement is caused by means of a governor
which I will now describe, and its connecting parts.

page_text: J designates a governor, mounted on the shaft a¹ in connection with spokes
of one of the balance wheels a³.
Mounted on the shaft a¹ and having a movement longitudinally of said shaft,
is a collar j, having an enlarged flange j'. The collar jis provided with radially
extending lugs extending from opposite sides of the collar, said lugs being
adapted to ride in grooves formed in the circumference of a loose collar j
mounted to revolve on the collar j. The grooves extend diagonally across the
circumference of the collar jt, as best seen in Figure 10, and it will be apparent,
that, by reason of the lugs riding in said grooves, if said collar j be rotated,
the lugs will be moved longitudinally of the axle, and move the collar j and
flange in the same direction.
A flange is formed on the loose collar j, to the side of which are pivotally
connected the inner end of arms. The outer end of arms are pivotally con-
nected to weights pivotally connected on opposite sides of the collar, by
means of arms ja pivotally connected at one end to the spokes of the balance
wheel and each having its other end secured to the weight
By this construction it is evident that as the wheel revolves, the weights j
will be forced outward by centrifugal force, the movements of the weights out-
ward being in the form of a tangent, by reason of its being connected by means
of arms to the flange j and spokes of the wheel a³. As the weights move
outward, the flange is rotated, causing the collar j to move inward toward the
base .
To prevent the weights from moving outward excepting when the
wheels a are revolved at great speed, I connect to the rim of the wheel a³ and
the weight a strong spring 19, best shown in Figure 9.
A vertical rod 10 mounted in suitable bearings, is located at the side of
the engine the rod 10 being provided at a suitable point, with an inwardly extend-
ing bifurcated arm 2, the bifurcated end of the arm being adapted to loosely
embrace the shaft a¹, between the base and the flange of the collar j, the
arm being held against movement on the rod 10 by means of set screwj¹³.
The upper end of the rod jo is provided with an inwardly extending arm j,
the inner end of which is adapted to rest against the lower end of the bell-crank
lever e¹9
By this construction, it will be readily understood, that as the speed of the
balance wheels a³ increases and the governor to act, the arm will be moved
inwardly, turning the rod 10 which in turn moves the arm 4 inwardly and
moving the lower end of the bell-crank lever e¹ toward the right. As the link 18
is secured to the bell-crank lever, this movement of the governor will cause the
roller el to be moved to the right, with the result as herein before described.
The rod can also, if desired, be rotated by means of lever 15 secured thereto,
said lever having a handle j¹6.
The moving of the bell-crank lever has also the effect of increasing the tension
of the spring, thus requiring a greater vacuum in the explosion chamber a
to open the valve c
The operation, it is thought, has been clearly indicated above and it is there-
fore not repeated, as the description is such as to make a repetition entirely
superfluous.
The advantages of this construction are many, and include the absolute freedom
from any danger of premature explosion, there being no spark of any kind about
the engine at any time excepting at the moment when its use is required, and
then at the point where needed.
The opening of the inlet valve, by the vacuum formed in the explosion chamber
is a great advantage inasmuch as the fluid which is in mixing chamber, will be
drawn downward, together with the air which is drawn in through the openings
to the mixing chamber, and both be rapidly formed into vapor as it is being
drawn through the heated top. This enables me to use a less volatile oil than
gasoline, decreasing the cost of running and also the danger of explosion.
The regulating of the supply of fluid to the mixing chamber, forms an efficient

page_text: means for keeping the engine running at a steady speed, thus increasing the uses
to which the engine may be put. The ability to stop the engine by moving the
handle places the running under perfect control at all times and the stopping
will be easily accomplished by simply turning off the supply of fluid.
While I have herein shown and described an engine which is neat and attrac-
live in its appearance, durable in its construction and simple in its operation,
it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise construction shown
and described, but claim the right to use any and all equivalents, to the end that
I may be protected to the fullest extent in the benefits which may accrue by reason
of my improvements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A vapor engine comprising an explosion chamber; a piston in said explosion
chamber means for introducing vapor to said chamber at regular intervals;
and means for exploding said vapor in said chamber at a predetermined period in
the movement of said piston.
2. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber: a piston in said explosion
chamber; means for introducing vapor to said chamber at regular intervals;
and means for exploding said vapor in said chamber at a predetermined period,
said vapor introducing means and said exploding means being actuated by the
movement of the piston.
3. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston movable in
said chamber; a vapor-forming chamber, means for introducing vapor from said
vapor-forming chamber to said explosion chamber; means for exploding said
vapor and means for passing the exploded vapor from said explosion chamber.
4. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston movable in
said chamber; a vapor-forming chamber; a vacuum operated valve between said
vapor-forming chamber and said explosion chamber; means for exploding said
vapor; and means for passing the exploded vapor from said explosion chamber.
5. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston movable in said
chamber a vapor-forming chamber; a vacuum operated valve between said
vapor-forming chamber and said explosion chamber, means located without said
explosion chamber, for regulating the movement of said valve; means for explod-
ing said vapor in said explosion chamber; and means for passing the exploded
vapor from said explosion chamber.
6. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston in said chamber;
a vapor-forming chamber; means for introducing oil to said vapor-forming
chamber; a valve between said vapor-forming chamber and said explosion
chamber; means for exploding said vapor; and means for passing the exploded
vapor from said explosion chamber.
7. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston in said
chamber: a vapor-forming chamber: means for introducing oil to said vapor-
forming chamber in regulated quantities; a valve between said vapor-forming
chamber and said explosion chamber; means for exploding said vapor; and
means for passing the exploded vapor from said explosion chamber.
8. A vapor engine comprising an explosion chamber: a piston in said chamber:
a vapor-forming chamber; means for introducing oil to said vapor-forming
chamber in automatically regulated quantities; a valve between said vapor-form-
ing chamber and said explosion chamber; means for exploding said vapor: and
means for passing the exploded vapor from said explosion chamber.
9. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber: a piston in said
chamber a vapor-forming chamber: means actuated by the movement of said
piston, for passing the oil into said vapor-forming chamber in automatically
regulated quantities: a vacuum operated valve between said vapor-forming
chamber and said explosion chamber; means for exploding the vapor in said

page_text: explosion chamber at a predetermined period in the movement of said piston; and
means for passing the exploded vapor from said explosion chamber.
10. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston in said
chamber; means for introducing vapor in said chamber at regulated intervals;
means, actuated by the movement of said piston, for exploding said vapor at a
predetermined period of the movement of said piston; and means for passing the
exploded vapor from said explosion chamber.
11. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston in said
chamber; means for introducing vapor in said chamber at regular intervals;
means for forming a spark in said chamber at a predetermined period in the
movement of said piston; and means for passing the exploded vapor from said
explosion chamber.
12. A vapor engine, comprising an explosion chamber; a piston in said
chamber; a vapor-forming chamber; means for introducing oil to said vapor-
forming chamber, means for automatically regulating the amount of oil intro-
duced to the vapor-forming chamber; a valve between said vapor-forming
chamber and said explosion chamber; means for exploding said vapor in said
explosion chamber; and means for passing the exploded vapor from said explosion
chamber.
13. The combination with a vapor engine having an explosion chamber; of
means for cooling the sides of said explosion chamber.
14. The combination with a vapor engine having an explosion chamber; of
means for passing a current of cold air around the sides of said chamber.
15. In a vapor engine, the combination with a vapor-forming chamber; of
means for introducing oil to said chamber in a regulated intermittent manner;
mixers located in said chamber; and means for combining air with said oil before
passing through said mixers.
16. In a vapor engine, the combination with a vapor-forming chamber; of
means for introducing oil to said chamber in a regulated intermittent manner;
and means for introducing air to said chamber, the oil inlet being arranged below
the air inlet.
17, In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top, having a longitudinal opening; an inlet for oil into
said opening; and means for passing the oil in said opening to said chamber in a
regulated manner.
18. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger valve in said opening;
an inlet for the oil; and means for actuating said plunger in a regulated inter-
mittent manner, whereby the oil will be passed from said opening into said
chamber.
19. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; a
valved inlet for the oil; and means for actuating said plunger in a regulated
intermittent manner.
20. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-form-
ing chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; a valved
inlet for the oil; said inlet being regulated by the back pressure developed in
said opening; and means for actuating said plunger in a regulated intermittent
manner.
21. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-form-
ing chamber of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an inlet
for the oil; means for actuating said plunger in an intermittent manner; and
means for regulating the stroke of said plunger, whereby the amount of oil passed
from the opening may be regulated.
22. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening an

page_text: inlet for the oil; and means actuated by the movement of the engine for regulat-
ing the length of stroke of said plunger, whereby the oil will be passed from said
opening in regulated quantities.
23. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; and means actuated by the movement of the engine for auto-
matically regulating the length of stroke of said plunger.
24. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening, said opening having an outlet
provided with a valve seat; a plunger in said opening, said plunger having a
valve at its lower end; an inlet for the oil; and means for actuating said
plunger, whereby said valve will be removed from its seat and allow of the passage
of oil during a portion of its movement.
25. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension, having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger; and means actuated by the
engine for imparting movement to said rod.
26. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently; and means
actuated by the engine, for imparting movement to said rod.
27. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently; means for
imparting movement to said rod in one direction; and means for returning said
rod to its initial position.
28. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently; means
for imparting a movement to said rod in one direction; and a spring for return-
ing said rod to its initial position.
29. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently; a fixed
collar on said rod; a sliding collar on said rod; means for making a contact
between said fixed and said sliding collars at a predetermined period in the move-
ment of said sliding collar; and means for imparting a movement to said sliding
collar.
30. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently; a fixed collar
on said rod; a sliding collar on said rod below said fixed collar; means for impart-
ing a movement to said sliding collar; and means for making a contact between
said fixed and sliding collars at a predetermined period in the movement of said
sliding collar.
31. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently, said rod
having a fixed and a sliding collar; means for imparting movement to said sliding
collar and means for automatically forming a contact between said fixed and said
sliding collars, the point of contact being determined by the movement of the
engine.
32. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently, said rod
having a fixed and a sliding collar; a roller movable between said fixed and said

page_text: sliding collars; forming a contact, the movement of said collar being regulated
by the movement of the engine; and means for imparting a movement to said
sliding collar.
33. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension, having a vapor-
forming chamber; of a top having an opening; a plunger in said opening; an
inlet for the oil; a rod adapted to move said plunger intermittently, said rod
having a fixed and a sliding collar; a contact roller between said fixed and said
sliding collar; an arm connected to said sliding collar and adapted to move the
same in said rod; and means for imparting an oscillating movement to said arm.
34. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension, having a vapor-
forming chamber; and mixers located in said chamber; of a top having an open-
ing provided with a contracted lower end, forming a valve seat; a plunger valve
located therein and adapted to normally rest on said valve seat; a supplemental
chamber formed below said contracted lower end of said opening; means for
normally closing said supplemental chamber; and means for lifting said plunger
from off its valve seat, whereby oil from said opening will pass into said supple-
mental chamber.
35. In a vapor engine, the combination with an extension, having a vapor-
forming chamber; and mixers located in said chamber; of a top having an open-
ing provided with a contracted lower end, forming a valve seat; a plunger valve
located therein and adapted to normally rest on said valve seat; a supplemental
chamber formed below and contracted lower end of said opening, the lower end
of said chamber having an opening; a valve for normally closing upon said
valve seat; and means for lifting said plunger from its valve seat, whereby oil
from said opening will be passed into said chamber, and be discharged therefrom
by the downward movement of said plunger.
36. A vapor engine comprising an explosion chamber; a piston located in
said chamber; means for introducing vapor to said explosion chamber; means
for exploding said vapor; and means actuated by the movement of said piston,
for passing the exploded vapor for said explosion chamber.
37. A vapor engine comprising an explosion chamber; a piston located in said
chamber; means for introducing vapor to said explosion chamber; means for
exploding said vapor; an outlet port for the exploded vapor; and a valve, operated
by the movement of said piston, for opening said outlet port, at a predetermined
period in the movement of said piston.
38. In a vapor engine, the combination with an explosion chamber; and a
piston located therein, said piston being adapted to rotate a balance wheel; of
means actuated by said balance wheel; for injecting cold air around the outer face
of said explosion chamber.
39. In a vapor engine, the combination with an explosion chamber; and a
piston located therein, said piston being adapted to rotate a balance wheel; of
a fan, actuated by said balance wheel for injecting cold air around the outer face
of said explosion chamber.
40. In a vapor engine, the combination with an explosion chamber; of a
piston located therein, said piston being adapted to rotate a balance wheel; a
casing surrounding said explosion chamber; and a fan actuated by the move-
ment of said balance wheel, adapted to inject cold air between said casing and the
outer sides of said explosion chamber.
41. In a vapor engine, the combination with an explosion chamber: a piston
located therein, said piston being adapted to rotate a balance wheel; webs formed
on the outer side of said casing, said webs having openings and a casing sur-
rounding said webbed explosion chamber; of a fan adapted to inject cold air
into the space around said explosion chamber and within said casing.
:
42. In an engine, the combination with an explosion chamber, having a piston
located therein; of means actuated by said piston for forming a spark in said
chamber at a predetermined period in the movement of said piston.
43. A spark former for engines, comprising a disc having contact points, located

page_text: within the explosion chamber; means for rotating said disc; a finger in said
chamber adapted to contact with said contact points; and means for establishing
an electrical circuit when said contact points and said finger are brought into
contact.
44. A spark former for engines, comprising a disc, having contact points,
located within the explosion chamber; means actuated by the movement of said
piston for actuating said disc; a finger in said chamber adapted to contact with
said contact points successively; and means for establishing an electrical circuit
when said contact points and said finger are brought into contact.
45. A spark former for engines, comprising a disc, having contact points located
within the explosion chamber; means for imparting a step-by-step movement to
said disc; a finger in said chamber adapted to contact with said contact points
successively; and means for establishing an electrical circuit when said contact
points and said finger are brought into contact.
46. A spark former for engines, comprising a shaft mounted to extend into the
explosion chamber; a disc having contact points located at the end of said shaft ;
means for rotating said shaft intermittently; a finger extending into said
chamber and having its front end within the path of movement of said contact
points; and means for forming an electrical circuit when said contact points
and said finger are brought into contact.
47. A spark former for engines, comprising a shaft mounted to extend into the
explosion chamber; a disc, having contact points, located at the inner end of
said shaft; a ratchet wheel mounted at the outer end of said shaft; a pawl adapted
to actuate said ratchet wheel; means, actuated by the movement of said engine,
for imparting motion to said pawl; a finger extending into said chamber and
having its front end within the path of movement of said contact points; and
means for establishing an electrical circuit when said contact points and said
finger are brought into contact.
48. A spark former for engines, comprising a shaft mounted to extend into the
explosion chamber; a disc having contact points located at the inner end of said
shaft; a pawl and ratchet wheel mounted at the outer end of said shaft; a lever,
connected to said shaft and to said pawl; an arm pivotally connected to said lever
and adapted to impart a reciprocatory movement to said lever; means for impart-
ing movement to said arm; a finger extending into said chamber and having its
front end within the path of movement of said contact points; and means for
establishing an electrical circuit when said contact points and said finger are
brought into contact.
49. A spark former for engines, comprising a disc having contact points located
within the explosion chamber, said disc being connected to one of the poles of an
electric battery; means for imparting a rotary movement to said disc; and a
finger extending into the path of movement of said contact points, said finger
being connected to the opposite pole of said electric battery.
50. A spark former for engines, comprising a dise having contact points located
in the explosion chamber; means for imparting rotary movement to said disc;
a plate secured within the wall of said explosion chamber, said plate having an
opening a finger connected to said plate; but insulated therefrom, extending
through said opening into said chamber and in the path of movement of said con-
tact points; and means for establishing an electrical circuit when said contact
points and said finger are brought into contact.
51. In an engine having an explosion chamber and also having means for
introducing the explosive into said explosion chamber; of a governor attached
to said engine; and means for connecting said governor with said explosive-
introducing means whereby the introduction of the explosive will be regulated
by the movement of said governor.
52. A governor for engine comprising a collar slidably mounted on the shaft
of the engine: a loose collar mounted on said collar; means for imparting
rotary movement to said loose collar; and means connecting said loose collar and
a

page_text: said slidable collar, whereby when said loose collar is rotated said slidable collar
will be moved longitudinally on said shaft.
53. A governor comprising a collar slidably mounted on the shaft of the
engine; a loose collar mounted on said slidable collar; arms pivotally connected
to the spokes of the balance wheel; weights fixedly connected to the free ends of
said arms;
arms pivotally connected to said weights and to said loose collar
whereby rotary movement of the wheel will cause said weights to move outwardly
by centrifugal force, thereby imparting rotary movement to said loose collar;
and means for converting said rotary motion of a said loose collar to a longitudinal
movement of said sliding collar.
54. A governor comprising a collar slidably mounted on the shaft of an
engine; a loose collar mounted on said slidable collar; grooves formed on said
loose collar and extending from one side to the other thereof; lugs formed on said
slidable collar and extending into said grooves; and means for imparting a
rotary movement to said loose collar.
55. In a vapor engine, the combination with vapor-forming chamber; a valve
located between said explosion chamber and said vapor-forming chamber; of a
governor, actuated by the movement of said engine; and connection between said
governor and said valve, whereby said valve will be held against movement when
the movement of said governor becomes accelerated.
Dated this 17th January 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.