matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOG OR ALARM SIGNALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING FOG OR ALARM SIGNALS TO THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Boughton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1870.
I, HARRY BOUGHTON, of Edgbaston, in the County of Warwick,
Writing Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FOG OR ALARM SIGNALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING
FOG OR ALARM SIGNALS TO THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
fog or alarm signals, and of the improved construction of apparatus
herein-after described for attaching fog or alarm signals to the rails of
railways, which apparatus may be used by the guard or other person
on a train in motion for attaching a signal to the rail, or may be used
by a policeman or other person not on a train for the purpose of attaching
a signal to the rail. I attach to the bottom of the fog or alarm signal
a plate having on its under side a spring clip of such a size and figure
that when depressed upon a rail it expands sufficiently to pass over and
clip under the head of the rail. This spring clip may either be made
with the case of the fog signal or be made separately and attached to
an ordinary fog signal. The said plate carrying the spring clip or

page_text: the fog signal itself is provided with two strips of lead or soft metal
for connecting it to the apparatus for attaching or fixing the signal to
the rail.
The said apparatus consists of a tube of somewhat larger diameter than
the signal.
The said tube contains in its interior guides on opposite
sides for the purpose of guiding a frame in which the signal is carried.
This frame is surmounted by a rod of greater length than the tube, the
said rod terminating in a handle. The said tube is fixed in the floor
of the guard's van, and it extends downwards vertically from the said
floor to a point a little above the head of the rail.
In using the said apparatus the signal with its spring clip is attached
to the carrying frame of the apparatus by means of the strips of soft
metal described. The carrying frame is inserted in the tube and
depressed by means of the handle down the guides in the tube. As
the signal approaches the rail the carrying frame is suddenly depressed
and withdrawn, by which means the spring clip underneath the signal is
made to pass over and grip the head of the rail, and the carrying frame
separates from the signal by the yielding of the strips of soft metal.
In this way the signal may be attached to the rail while the train is in
rapid motion.
The apparatus described by be used by policemen and others not
the mail
MENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR ORDNANCE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wightwick Rendel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th May 1870.
I, GEORGE WIGHTWICK RENDEL, of Elswick Works, Newcastle-on-
$6 IMPROVE-
Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
MENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cartridges for
ordnance. I introduce into the cartridges flame ducts or passages
consisting of tubes sufficiently closed at the ends to prevent the
intrusion of the powder. The flame ducts or passages may be formed
in compressed powder, or in cardboard, or other suitable material. They
are so situate within the cartridges as to be surrounded by the charge
at the ends as well as at the sides. To keep the flame ducts or passages
supported by strings or wires from
in their places they are steadied or
the sides or ends of the cartridges. In some cases I apply two or more
flame ducts in each cartridge.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by Edward Buss,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DOOR LOCKS AND LATCHES," to be as
follows:-
In door locks of the present construction it is necessary to turn a
lever or a handle partly round in order to disengage the latch bolt from
the retaining notch plate; now this Invention consists in dispensing
with the preliminary operation of turning the lever or handle partly
round, and in so constructing the spindle of the lock that by pushing it
slightly towards the door the latch bolt is liberated from the catch plate
and the door is consequently at liberty to be opened.
In carrying this Invention into operation the spindle is connected to
the latch bolt by a bent lever or other equivalent to transmit the motion

page_text: of the one to the other, and a handle is placed at each end of the spindle
so that the door can be opened from either side. The handles and latch
bolt are or may be brought back to their original positions after the
door is opened or closed by springs, and the latch bolt may be acted
upon by the ordinary wards and key of the lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE KNIVES AND FORKS, BUTCHERS', SPEAR, DAGGER, BOWIE, AND OTHER KNIVES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joel Lister at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1870.
I, JOEL LISTER, of the Firm of Lister and Knowles, of No. 45, Duke
Street Moor, Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
TABLE KNIVES AND FORKS, BUTCHERS', SPEAR, DAGGER, BOWIE, AND OTHER KNIVES,"
to be as follows:-
I form the blade and fork tangs to pass cach through the handle,
with the width thereof considerably greater than their thickness to fit
corresponding holes formed for them through the handles to prevent
turning of the blades in the handles, such tangs being also formed of
the same or about the same width and thickness from end to end
thereof, and by preference they are secured to the handles by being
formed at the outer end with a screw to receive a nut which may be
ornamental and form part of the end of the handle, or the parts may
be secured together by other moveable means to enable the blade or
fork and handle to be readily separated, or the blade or fork partially

page_text: drawn out from the handle for facility of cleansing, or the tang may be
rivetted, or it may be secured to the handle by a suitable cement and
may not pass entirely through the handle.
I also form the bolsters as part of the handles or of the scales of
wood, bone, stag, or other horn, ivory, carthenware, china, or other 5
suitable non-metallic substance carved, moulded, or otherwise, having
form or ornamentation to such handles.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES FOR BEDSTEADS, TABLES, STANDS, CHAIRS, SEATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1870.
I, HENRY TYLOR, of Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Iron Bedstead Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES FOR BEDSTEADS, TABLES,
STANDS, CHAIRS, SEATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a certain arrangement and combination of
jointed bars, rails, struts, or supports forming the framing of bedsteads,
tables, stands, chairs, seats, and other similar articles whereby they are
rendered more easy of disconnection and of folding up for packing and
for transport than those usually made.
The Invention consists in pivotting, swivelling, or jointing the side
upright or diagonal bars, rails, struts, or supports to intermediate and
transverse upright or diagonal bars, rails, struts, or supports, the trans-
verse bars being jointed at or about the centres of their lengths as well
as the side bars in such a manner that when spread or opened out
they form a frame for supporting a sheet, board, seat, table top, or other

page_text: object according to the purpose for which such article is intended; the
sheet, board, seat, table top, or other object being held thereon or thereto
by pins, hooks, claws, or other appliances either forming part of such
frame or attached to it as found most convenient.
The article when folded up somewhat resembles a bundle of sticks and
occupies very little space. In the case of a camp or croquet stool or
seat when the article is folded up the sheet or sacking can be rolled
round it and secured in any suitable manner, and can be carried in the
hand or in any other convenient way.
Im. PROVEMENTS IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING FURS AND PROTECTING THEM FROM THE RAVAGES OF INSECTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Herbert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1870.
I, HENRY HERBERT, of No. 2, Charterhouse Buildings, in the City of
London, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "Im.
PROVEMENTS IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING FURS AND PROTECTING THEM FROM THE
RAVAGES OF INSECTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in boxes for containing
furs and protecting them from the ravages of insects. I make for this
purpose a cylindrical box of pasteboard or of a veneer of wood covered
with paper with a suitable end and lid. Within this box I fix a vencer
of cedar wood in such manner as completely to line or cover the
cylindrical sides; and I also fix circular discs cut from veneers of cedar
wood to the bottom and to the interior of the lid of the box, so that as
it were a very light inner box of cedar wood veneer is formed.
In some cases I make boxes of square or other form with an inner
surface of cedar wood veneer similarly applied. Although I prefer to

page_text: protect the cedar wood with an outer covering of pasteboard or veneer
of common wood, yet should a very light box be required the cedar
wood may be protected externally by a woven fabric or paper cemented
directly upon it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO- DUCING END AND COVER PAPERS FOR BOOKS IN ORDER TO RETAIN BRILLIANCY OF SURFACE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander William
Bain
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd February 1870.
I, ALEXANDER WILLIAM BAIN, of 51 and 52, Frith Street, Soho, in
the County of Middlesex, Marble Paper Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO-
DUCING END AND COVER PAPERS FOR BOOKS IN ORDER TO RETAIN BRILLIANCY OF
SURFACE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce end and cover papers, both
marbled and coloured, in a permanent glazed state ready for the binder,
the glazed surface being retained after the papers are pasted in or upon
the books instead of losing their lustre as is at present the case. It also
saves the trouble and expense of facing the papers up.
I prepare the marbled and coloured papers in the ordinary manner,
and paste or otherwise secure them upon the surface of a second paper,
and when thoroughly dry I polish or face up the surface according to
the ordinary methods.

page_text: The result of my improvement is, that I am enabled to supply book
binders with end and cover pieces or with sheets of marbled or
colored papers which will retain the brilliancy of lustre after they are
pasted on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTING OF FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, AND BANDS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Brierley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1870.
I, JOHN HENRY BRIERLEY, trading under the Firm of Walsh &
Brierley, at 58, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTING OF FASTENINGS FOR
BRACES, BELTS, AND BANDS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
I will describe my Invention for the ornamenting of fastenings for
braces by means of two metal plates hinged or jointed together, having
teeth in the back plate and a plain plate in the front without any
ornamental design, with the exception of that part which I will describe
as the hook portion, making what would be known in the trade as a
lever buckle. I then make use of a peice of leather, silk, or any other
textile fabric, and form it into the shape of the upper part of the front
plate of the lever buckle, and on this material so formed I print in ink,
gold, silver, or any other color the initials, name, or address of any firm,
or any other printed matter or ornamentation or design that may be

page_text: required. I then cut out of metal a plain or ornamental frame having
small projecting points in six or eight different parts of the frame. I
then insert the material bearing the printed matter or other design as
before mentioned into the frame, and place it upon the front portion
of the lever buckle, securing it to the same by means of the small t
projecting points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PURIFICATION OF GAS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1870.
I, THOMAS GRAY, of New Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PURIFICATION OF GAS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel process for purifying gas as it comes
from the retort from the impurities contained therein. The principal
object of my improved process is to eliminate from the gas the napthaline,
and which when in a gaseous form frequently passes through the
ordinary purifier into the mains or pipes and condenses therein. The
solid substance thus deposited on the pipes creates an obstruction to the
flow of the gas, and its removal therefrom is a troublesome operation
which has frequently to be repeated. At the same time that I eliminate
the napthaline I am enabled also to lay hold of the carbonic acid and
sulphur contained in the gas.

page_text: My Invention is based upon the use of some chemical substance
which has a strong affinity for the napthaline, and which will seize hold
of this latter substance and hold it in solution or a liquid state so
that it may be drawn off with facility from the purifiers. I find that
most of the liquid hydrocarbons are capable of dissolving and absorbing
the napthaline, but as an example I use either spirit of turpentine or
liquid paraffine. I add any convenient quantity of the hydrocarbon
spirit to a solution of caustic soda or other alkali which has an
affinity for carbonic acid, and to this may be added other chemical
ingredients for taking up the sulphur and other impurities, as is well
known. On passing the gas through this compound liquor the
napthaline and other impurities will be absorbed, the napthaline
remaining in solution, so that when the liquid is fully charged with
napthaline it may be drawn off and fresh liquor run into the purifier.
I sometimes use milk of lime in combination with the liquid
hydrocarbon, but it will then be advisable to keep the liquid in a
state of agitation, so as to prevent the lime from sinking to the
bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING INDIA-RUBBER TIRES, AND TIRES OF ANY COMPRESSIBLE MATERIALS TO WHEELS OF BICYCLES, VELOCIPEDES, Bath Chairs, AND OTHER LIGHT WHEELS FOR LOCOMOTION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1870.
I, JOHN WILKINS, of Oak Street, Wolverhampton, County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIXING INDIA-RUBBER TIRES, AND TIRES OF ANY COMPRESSIBLE MATERIALS TO
WHEELS OF BICYCLES, VELOCIPEDES, Bath Chairs, AND OTHER LIGHT WHEELS
FOR LOCOMOTION," to be as follows:-
:―
*
The objects of this Invention are, firstly, to secure an india-rubber
tire upon and round the rim or tire of the wheel, so that it shall be
grip'd or locked in its position in every direction at subdivided points,
and thus afford a cheek to the rubber tire, and prevent its slipping or
springing off the wheel; secondly, to admit the easy removal of the
rubber tire from the wheel, so that it may be used either with the rubber
tire upon it or not as required; and, thirdly, to enable any person
without difficulty to put or fix a new rubber tire upon the wheel when
required.

page_text: Fig. 10, section of rubber tire, full size, cut parallel on its cir-
cumference.
Fig. 11, section of the half round rubber tire placed upon the metal
clip upon the wheel tire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Nicholson and John
Ward Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th May 1870..
We, JOSEPH NICHOLSON, of Shoreditch, and JOHN WARD JONES, of
Stoke Newington, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR
WINDOWS, DOORS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of
fastenings suitable for being applied to the sash frames of windows
in order to secure them together, applicable also as fastenings for
bolting or securing doors of every description. Such fastenings are
also applicable for other purposes where folding, sliding, or other parts
require to be held or locked securely together.
In constructing window fastenings in accordance with our Invention
dovetail or T shaped projections are formed upon plates which can be
screwed or otherwise fixed to the sash frames, so that when the window.
is closed the dovetail or T shaped projections come opposite to each.
other, so that a groove or slotted slide corresponding in form with the

page_text: projections upon the two sashes may be slid over and thus couple
the two projections together and thereby prevent the sashes from being
raised or lowered until the slide is withdrawn. The slide may be
secured in position to fix the sashes firmly together by a thumb screw,
spring bolt, or otherwise, and means are provided for retaining the slide
when withdrawn in combination with one of the fixed projections or
sash frames in order that it may not be detached therefrom. The form
of the parts may be reversed, female dovetails being substituted for the
male dovetails fixed to the sashes as previously described, the slide in
this case being made in the form of a male dovetail to slide into and
combine the two female dovetails upon the sashes together. It will be
evident that fastenings of this description may be readily applied for
securing doors of every description, or as a fastening for other purposes
where hinged, sliding, folding, or other parts require to be bolted or
secured together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Loader at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1870.
I, JOHN LOADER, of No. 5, Upper Clifton Strect, Worship Square,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of cartridge suitable
either for central-fire cartridges or for pin cartridges, and consists in
making the base or butt of hard but ductile metal or alloy in the form of
a disc having a projecting hollow central boss on each side or face.
Round the inner boss there is fitted the rear end of the shell or cartridge
case, which may be made of sheet metal, paper, or other suitable material,
but must be formed with an internal flange which fits round the before-
mentioned inner boss. Upon this flange there is next deposited a ring
of xylonite plastic rubber or indurated or other suitable material which
shall be sufficiently yielding to form a gas-tight packing between the end
of the cartridge case and the butt. The edges of the inner boss are now

page_text: turned over outwards by any well-known method so as to secure firmly
together the packing ring and case to the butt. The priming or
detonating powder is deposited in the interior of the outer hollow pro-
jection or boss, and a protecting thin metal cap or cover is placed over it
and secured in its place by turning down inwardly the edges of the hollow
boss so as to cause them to partially lap over the said cap, when the
cartridge will be ready for filling in the ordinary or other manner.
The cartridge herein-before described is intended for central-fire, but
it is obvious that by placing the priming in a position to be acted upon
by the ordinary pin the same general construction will apply to pin
cartridges.
In some cases the entire butt may be composed of xylonite horn,
stout hide, vulcanite or hardened rubbers, in lieu of metal or alloy, and
the case may be secured to the same by any suitable cement or adhesive
material, such as a solution of xylonite or caoutchouc for example,
or the butt may be formed and united to the case by casting and
subsequent compression.
AN IMPROVED VALVE APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO VESSELS FOR CONTAINING PETROLEUM AND OTHER VOLATILE OILS AND SPIRITS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Funck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1870.-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Meissner, Ackermann, and Company, of New York, in the United
States of America.
I, GEORGE HENRY FUNCK, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
VALVE APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO VESSELS FOR CONTAINING PETROLEUM AND OTHER
VOLATILE OILS AND SPIRITS," being a communication to me from abroad by
Messieurs Meissner, Ackermann, and Company, of New York, in the
United States of America, to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement of valve mechanism
applicable to vessels for containing petroleum and other volatile oils and
spirits, and which when closed renders such vessels perfectly air and
vapour tight, whilst when opened it affords a ready mode of withdrawing
the liquid contained in the vessels.
The apparatus consists of a compound tube, the upper portion of which
is of smaller diameter than the lower, the junction of the two tubes being

page_text: effected by means of a flange or collar. Below this flange or collar is
placed a cup-shaped valve, the upper portion of which is furnished with
a flange or collar. A spiral or other suitable spring is placed below the
flange or collar of the valve, the lower portion of the spring being
secured to the lower tube, and the upper portion thereof pressing against
the lower surface of the valve flange or collar. A suitable washer is
placed on the under side of the flange or collar by which the two tubes
are connected, so that upon the upper face of the valve being pressed
against the same by the upward pressure of the spring, as in the normal
position of the apparatus, a perfectly air and vapour tight joint is
produced. In order to open the valve and enable the liquid to be
withdrawn from the vessel to which the apparatus is applied, a pin or
rod having a crook or projection thereon should be passed through the
upper tube on to the cup-shaped valve, and the latter depressed thereby.
The valve is retained in such depressed position by means of the crook
or projection on the pin or rod, and which crook or projection is
passed through a slot or aperture formed in the lower tube for that
purpose, and the upper part of which slot or aperture against which the
said crook or projection rests, is above the superior face of the valve
when the latter is depressed. Upon the pressure being removed from
the valve the latter returns to its normal position by reason of the
upward action of the spring, thus rendering the vessels to which the
apparatus is applied perfectly air and vapour tight, and ensuring safety
in the transit thereof.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATING COMPOSITION AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hopes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1870.
I, THOMAS HOPES, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
LUBRICATING COMPOSITION AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is intended principally for the purpose of lubricating
shafts and bearings, but is also applicable for the lubrication of other
moving parts of machinery.
The lubricating composition is composed of oil, tallow, flour of
brimstone and lampblack, in about the following proportions:-I take
about one hundredweight of tallow and having melted it, I add thereto
about four gallons of rape oil, ten pounds of flour of brimstone, and
five pounds of lampblack, and having mixed and stirred the same well.
together I allow the compound to cool and it is then ready for use.
The lubricator which I employ with this composition consists of
a vessel to contain the latter placed above the shaft or other part to

page_text: be lubricated, and having a tube extending downwards from the bottom.
Through this bottom tube passes a wick of cotton which conducts the
lubricating composition from the vessel to the shaft or other part to be
lubricated. The upper part of the wick is suspended on a hook or
spike inside the vessel, so that the height of the wick can be regulated,
and the wick conducts the lubricating compound to the shaft as it
is required, so that there is no waste and no more of the lubricating
material than is necessary can escape from the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Asker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1870.
I, GEORGE ASKER, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Glover,
Hosier, & Shirt Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT FRONTS," to be as follows (that is
to say):
This Invention has for its object an improved method of making
detached shirt fronts whereby they can be worn on both sides, to effect
which I make both sides of fine material and the stud holes are all
worked on both sides, so that when one side is soiled the front can be
turned and worn on the other side, thus effecting a saving in washing
and also making the front last twice the usual time. With colored
fronts I purpose using two distinct patterns so as to afford an entire
change of appearance. And a further change can be effected by
making the two sides of the front different in form, that is to say, one
side plaited and the other side plain. These fronts can be made in
any shape and with or without neck bands.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEAT CHARCOAL.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Antoine Ritterbandt, of 40, Eastbourne.
-
Terrace, Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEAT CHARCOAL.".
Partly a communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Passedoit,
of Torreblanca, Spain.
Scaled the 20th September 1870, and dated the 17th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Antione Ritter-
bandt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th June 1870.
I, LOUIS ANTOINE RITTERBANDT, of 40, Eastbourne Terrace, Hyde
Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEAT CHAR-
COAL," (partly a communication to me from abroad by Jean. Baptiste.
Passedoit, of Torreblanca, Spain, and partly my own Invention), to be
as follows:-

page_text: This Invention is for improvements upon an Invention for which a
petition was lodged, and a Complete Specification filed the 29th March
1870, No. 919, and it consists in the manufacture as herein-after men-
tioned of a fuel having either crude peat or unwashed carbonized
peat as its basis. The crude peat or unwashed carbonized peat, which
may be used alone or mixed with other combustible materials, having
been pulverized, and then mixed with pitch or tar in the manner
described in the Specification aforesaid with reference to carbonized
peat, is then moulded into any desired form, and, finally, after being so
moulded, is baked in furnaces similar to those used in the manufacture
of fuel known in France as "charbon de Paris” or aggloniérés.”
In this state it may be used as a fuel for culinary, metallurgical, and
other purposes.
FACILITATING THE MOUNTING A HORSE, OR VELOCIPEDE, OR BICYCLE, OR OTHER VEHICLE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Kenney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1870.
I, CHARLES KENNEY, of Glen Savage, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "FACILITATING
THE MOUNTING A HORSE, OR VELOCIPEDE, OR BICYCLE, OR OTHER VEHICLE," to be as
follows:-
An instrument which is attached to the foot by means of a strap or
band of steel, iron, or other suitable material round the heel of the boot,
which is secured in its position by a strap under the foot and across the
instep. The adjustable step is secured on the said strap or band of
iron by pivots, and is adjusted to its positions by springs. It is so
formed that when it is required for mounting it descends beneath the
sole of the foot perpendicularly so as to form a pedestal or step upon
which you can raise yourself upon one leg the required height, and
when not required for use it turns round the heel of the boot and the
step or pedestal turns up along by the calf of the leg out of the way of
everything. It is kept in its position by springs in such a manner that

page_text: when not required for mounting it adjusts itself to every position of
the foot and leg, so that you can run and jump without any incon-
venience, and when mounted on the bicycle it turns up along the calf
of the leg until required to dismount or mount again. It is adjusted to
either position by a single movement of the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1870

page_text: ´PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Abraham Lee and Edward
Sweetapple at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th November 1870.
We, JAMES ABRAHAM LEE, of the Severn Iron Works, Lydney, in the
County of Gloucester, and EDWARD SWEETAPPLE, of the Eynsham Paper
Works, near Oxford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus employed
in the preparation of materials for the manufacture of paper. When
paper is made from wood, straw, and such like materials after the usual
process of boiling with alkali the material has to be washed, bleached,
and beaten. These operations are performed by engines having tanks
in which the materials are suspended in water. A circular flow around
the tank is maintained by means of a drum revolving on a horizontal
axis and partially immersed in the water. This drum carries blades
and there is a box or frame containing blades fixed at the bottom of
the tank. In the washing and bleaching operations the weight of the
drum is sustained so as to take it off the box or frame of blades, but in

page_text: beating the drum is allowed to bear upon the fixed blades with a con-
siderable pressure.
The materials as they come from the boiler contain
lumps which should be broken up in order that the bleaching may be
effectually accomplished.
In order that this may bo rapidly effected we according to our Inven-
tion combine rollers with such engines. The rollers may be either
horizontal or vertical, but we prefer vertical rollers. We use two pairs
of such rollers and set them just in front of the drum of the engine so
that the material as it circulates around the tank passes between them.
The rollers of each pair are made with projections and hollows working
the one into the other and by these the lumps of the material are crushed
or pounded. The rollers are rotated at such a speed and are so set that
the circulation of the materials in the tank is not seriously checked by
them. The adjacent rollers of the two pairs are set close together, but
their projections and hollows do not enter the one into the other. They
are driven at different surface speeds so that any of the material which
passes between is submitted to a friction sufficient to break up the
lumps. When such apparatus is used less boiling and bleaching material
is required and the resulting material is consequently of better quality,
and fibre of greater length and strength is obtained.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POWER TO FIXED, LOCOMOTIVE, AND ASCENSIONAL MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
July 1870.-A communication from abroad by Alfred François
Osselin, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POWER TO FIXED, LOCOMOTIVE, AND
ASCENSIONAL MACHINES," a communication to me from abroad by Alfred
François Osselin, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
This new motor is the practical application of a law discovered by the
author of the Invention the subject of this Specification, and which he
terms "the law of differentials," this application extends to every pro-
duction of power, fixed, locomotive, or ascensional.
The characteristic properties of this motor, termed by the Inventor the
“dynamogène,” and which distinguish it from all others are,—
1°. That it is independent of any fulcrum outside the body of which it
determines the movement, that is to say, the power of the motor acts

page_text: -
immediately upon one of the points of this body, for example, in its
application to locomotion driving wheels are not required, and therefore
the hitherto important question of adhesion need not be considered; this
applies also to ships, the use of the "dynamogène" dispensing with
paddle wheels, screw, or any kind of propeller.
2°. The motive power is independent of any chemical phenomena, this
power termed "differential" being the resulting force of a succession of
phenomena of a physical nature the regulation and combination of which
constitute the Invention.
3°. In every case the maximum expenditure cannot exceed the equi-
valent of the passive resistances and therefore from an economical point
of view the "dynamogène". is a motor the expense of which is limited
to the preservation of the rubbing surfaces.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR GUN CARRIAGES, CARTS, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Holmes and Arthur
Holmes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd September 1870.
We, HERBERT HOLMES and ARTHUR HOLMES, of Derby, in the
County of Derby, and of 38, Margaret Street, London, in the County
of Middlesex, Carriage Builders, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR GUN CARRIAGES, CARTS,
AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
Our improvement relates to a special construction of steel or iron
wheels suitable for gun carriages, carts, and other vehicles which are
subject to bearing great weights and to rough usage.
The improvement consists in forming the wheel in sections. Each
section is composed of three, four, or more spokes bolted, rivetted, or
welded to a segment of the tyre and a segment of the nave.
The tyre
is preferably of T shaped steel or iron, and the spokes are secured to the
web or rib while the flat or convex part forms the tread or rolling surface.
The nave is composed of a ribbed socket or box for the axle to pass
through, and rings or blocks, preferably of wood, rest against the rib and
are firmly bolted thereto by bolts or pins which are passed through the

page_text: nave segments. The nave segments have flanges on them which are
The webs
embraced by a ring or rings shrunk or otherwise fitted on.
of the tyre segments are connected by fish plates or clips.
Wheels made according to our Invention are of greater strength than
usual with less weight of material, they ensure a certain amount of 5
elasticity for withstanding shocks and concussions over rough roads, and
in cases of repairs they present greater facilities than in wheels otherwise
constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STORING PETROLEUM AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE OR EXPLOSIVE LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Burney and Charles
Ingall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th July 1870.
We, GEORGE BURNEY and CHARLES INGALL, both of Millwall, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STORING PETROLEUM AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE
OR EXPLOSIVE LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in storing petroleum and
other inflammable liquids by which all vaporization of such liquids is
prevented, the method of storing being such that the warehouse con-
taining the said liquids may be employed for general purposes without
danger of explosion. For this purpose we employ a warehouse, the
paved or other floor of which is situate below the level of the ground,
and is inclined or formed with suitable channels leading into a main
passage for conveying to a well provided for the purpose any Liquid
escaping by an accidental leakage from the tank in which it is stored.
The tanks containing the said liquid we dispose at suitable distances
apart and away from the walls of the cellar or warehouse, so as to
permit of free ventilation around and between said tanks throughout,

page_text: The spaces between the tanks we cover entirely with plates resting on
the tops of the tanks, and cover the whole with a layer of earth of con-
siderable depth serving as a solid floor for the upper part of the ware-
house, which may be used for general purposes without endangering
the volatile liquids stored beneath. The tanks may be filled or emptied
of their contents through trunks provided on their top surfaces, her-
metically sealed and covered by the layer of earth above-mentioned,
contained in suitable lifting trays; or a slab of stone may be used for
the purpose; or there may be pipes leading down to the lower parts of
the tanks and projecting from their top surfaces, said pipes being closed
hermetically and covered with earth as before..
Petroleum has before been stored either without any precautions, or in
tanks surrounded by water, but this. latter method has the disadvantage.
of allowing the oil escaping by a leak to rise to the surface, where
it readily vaporizes and ignites, but by our improved method of storing
the whole of the liquid is kept perfectly cool by the superposed layer
of earth, which effectually prevents any atmospheric influence, and any
liquid which may be spilt in filling or emptying the tanks is readily
absorbed thereby. The earth or sand moreover forms a ready and
abundant means of extinguishing the petroleum should it be accidentally
ignited.
AN IMPROVED MIXTURE FOR PRESERVING MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, Game, Cheese, and OTHER LIKE. EDIBLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gostwyck Gard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th July 1870.
I, WILLIAM GOSTWYCK GARD, of Breaston, in the County of Derby,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MIXTURE FOR PRESERVING MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, Game, Cheese, and OTHER LIKE.
EDIBLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for preserving animal food generally, but
more particularly butchers' meat, from flyblows in summer, and preserve
it sweet at such seasons, but is equally adapted for preserving meat at
other seasons for many weeks or months.
The means by which I propose to accomplish this object are as
follows: I form a mixture of alum of commerce or its equivalent with
chloride of sodium or the ordinary salt of commerce or its equivalent, in
the proportion of about two and a half pounds of alum to one hundred
pounds of salt, and dissolve in about two hundred and ninety pounds of
water, thus forming a strong solution or mixture, and into this mixture

page_text: I steep for a few minutes the
preserved, and then hang it up.
meat or other edible intended to be
Meat thus treated I have found keep
sweet for a considerable length of time, the juices being perfectly
retained therein.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING ON SECRET CORRESPONDENCE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Seelie Greenhow and
George Onley Gooday at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th October 1870.
We, JOSEPH SEELIE GREENHOW and GEORGE ONLEY GOODAY, both of
Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING
ON SECRET CORRESPONDENCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention of an improved method of and apparatus for carrying
on secret correspondence, the same being specially applicable for use in
connection with postal cards and other media of communication which
would otherwise disclose the nature of the information sent. It is also
applicable to the purposes of secret book-keeping.
A plate of metal or of any other suitable material is perforated with
slots or apertures of any desired number, size, and shape. This per-
forated plate is laid upon the card or paper on which it is intended the
message shall be written, and the words forming the message or com-
munication are written on the spaces left uncovered by the slots or
perforations. The plate is then removed, and the spaces between the

page_text: words already written are filled up with words or sentences having no
connection or sequence with those previously used, thus forming a
composition having no intelligible coherence. A plate perforated in
a similar manner to that before mentioned should be in the possession
of the recipient of the communication, who upon laying the plate upon
the card or paper will at once have the message or communication
presented to his view. It is obvious that this Invention admits of plates
being constructed with an endless variety of slots or apertures, so that
no two pairs or sets of plates shall be similarly perforated.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLES, SHAFTS FOR MACHINERY, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Robert Dossetor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1870.
I, DANIEL ROBERT DOSSETOR, of Russell Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLES, SHAFTS FOR MACHINERY, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved modes of making round iron axles,
shafting, and other similar articles, for the purpose of ensuring less
liability to fracture than with those made in the ordinary manner.
In one arrangement I construct the axle or shafting of two tubes
and a solid core, fitting tightly in and on each other, in order to secure
immunity from breakage by the improbability of a flaw occurring in
each of the three parts in the same section, and I make the inner tube
of a different quality of iron from the outer one and the core to obtain
additional mutual support.
In other cases I use more than two tubes, and a core and construct
the shaft of as many tubes in and on each other as may be required.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING OR SHIELDING SOLDIERS IN BATTLE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Marsden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August.
1870.
I, JOSEPH MARSDEN, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING OR SHIELDING SOLDIERS IN BATTLE," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists principally of a series of shields of sheet or
plate steel to be carried by the men and so arranged that when in line
or other military formation the said shields can be placed in front of the
men and connected together, so as to form a complete screen or breast-
work, the shields being perforated so that the rifles of the men can be
passed through and fired.
The shields, which are slightly convex in horizontal section, are to be
made of steel, about three-eighths of an inch thick and about two feet
wide, those for the front rank men being about three feet six inches
high, whilst those for the rear rank men are only about two feet if the
formation of the men is four deep, but about two feet six inches when
the formation is only two deep.

page_text: The front rank shields are provided with spikes only at the bottom,
whilst the rear rank shields are provided also with legs to raise them to
the necessary height. All the shields are provided with diagonal stays
or struts at the back. The legs, and also the diagonal stays or struts, are
made to slide telescope fashion, and are fixed when adjusted by means of
a screw or nut.
The shields are each perforated with a round hole to admit the barrel
of a rifle, above which is a vertical slot for taking aim. The port holes
or perforations will also serve as fixed rests for the rifles, so as to enable
the men to take a more precise and steady aim. The shields are carried
by slings from the shoulders in such a way as not to impede the action
of the soldier in manœuvring, and they can be slung either behind or
before, so as to form a protection in retreating or advancing.
When the men have taken up their required position in line or
otherwise the shields are fixed upright or nearly so in the ground before
them, and supported by the diagonal stays or struts at the back. The
shields are each provided with lateral pins and staples or other suitable
contrivances, so that as rapidly as they are placed in position they are
each secured to the other, so as to form one continuous breastwork or
shield from one end of the line to the other; and I prefer that these
connections should be made partly of india-rubber or elastic material so
as to yield slightly to the shock of the enemy's bullets without
breaking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILT AND FORGE HAMMER HEADS, AND IN HURSTS AND TAIL HOOPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Eaton Lee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
June 1870.
I, JOSEPH EATON LEE, of Oughtibridge, near Sheffield, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILT AND FORGE HAMMER HEADS, AND
IN HURSTS AND TAIL HOOPS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the manufacture of hammer heads, hursts,
and tail hoops, used for the purposes of tilting and forging steel and iron.
Hammer heads, hursts, and tail hoops are at present made of wrought
iron, their construction absorbing much time, labor, and expence ;
further, being made by hand labor, and on account of the many pieces
welded together, they cannot be produced twice alike as regards size and
so forth, and much adjusting and loss in working has to take place
before the aforesaid implements are ready for work. Now the improve-
ments have for their object the removal of the above defects, and consist

page_text: in manufacturing the above mentioned implements of malleable iron.
The improvements may be carried into effect by making patterns in
metal or wood of the implements, and castings made therefrom, such
castings being made malleable by the ordinary process at present in
use.