IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Edward Asquith, of Leeds, and Frederic
Alexander Greenwood, of Bradford, both in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING SILK,
COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 1st October 1872, and dated the 5th April 1872.
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Asquith and
Frederic Alexander Greenwood at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their. Petition, on the 5th April 1872.
.
We, SAMUEL EDWARD ASQUITH, of Leeds, and FREDERIC ALEXANDER
GREENWOOD, of Bradford, both in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates, first, to an improved device to be applied to a
spinning machine for simultaneously drawing and spinning roving into
yarn or thread, and laying it evenly on a bobbin.

page_text: Our device consists of an outer ring surrounding the bobbin, and
having a flange at top, on which a spiral worm or screw-thread is
formed. Within this ring a tube is fitted to rotate around the bobbin.
The inner tube carries a drawing roller provided with spur teeth to gear
with the spiral worm or screw-thread, whereby the roller is slowly
revolved on its own axis at the same time that it is carried round the
bobbin by the rotation of the inner tube. The roller may have an
angular groove in it to grip the roving, which is led direct thereto from
the holding rollers, and is caused to partially encircle the roller by a
suitable pressing or guide wheel, the yarn passing thence direct onto
the bobbin. The outer ring may also be made to rotate for the purpose
of varying the draft, but the same end may be attained by altering the
speed of the holding rollers. By the combined rotation of the drawing
roller on its own axis and around the bobbin, which also rotates by the
drag of the yarn, the roving is simultaneously drawn and spun into
thread and wound on the bobbin.
Another improvement in spinning machinery consists in applying a
disc or collar on the spinning spindles between the bobbins and the lifter
rail, with which the disc is free to rise and fall at the same time that it
revolves with the spindle, so as to rotate the bobbin by the friction of
the surface on which it rests. This improvement is intended to assist
the ordinary flier in spinning a soft thread or yarn or one composed of
short fibres, which would be liable to break if the bobbin were caused to
rotate solely by the drag of the thread or yarn in winding on the bobbin.
The amount of drag required may thus be regulated to a nicety by the
ordinary appliance.
In drawing rovings of short stapled wool, which have no twist in
them, we employ metal rollers with smooth surfaces and of small
diameter, so that the bite of the one pair of rollers (when the two pairs
are placed close together) will not be more than, say, three-fourths of
an inch from the bite of the other pair. One pair is made adjustable to.
suit the different qualities of material to be drawn, and the rollers of
each pair are geared together, the two pairs being driven independently.
A grooved guide roller is mounted in the framing between the drawing
rollers and the flier or spinning device to assist by its rotation in
conveying the yarn to the flier whilst the required twist is being put
in it

page_text: Another part of our Invention relates to an improvement in the
twisting apparatus described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to us, bearing date April 10th, 1871, No. 947. We dispense
with the rear or eccentrically bored spindle, as described in one part
of said Specification, and employ only the short spindle, to which is
attached the twister. This twisting device is placed between pairs of
holding and drawing rollers with the extremity of the twister close up
to the latter, so as to twist the roving as near as may be required to the
bite of the drawing rollers, according to the quality of the fibre.
In combination with the twisting device we employ a second pair of
drawing rollers to still further attenuate the roving, which passes thence
to the spinning spindle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Edward Asquith and Frederic Alexander
Greenwood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th October
1872.
!
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
EDWARD ASQUITH, of Leeds, and FREDERIC ALEXANDER GREENWOOD,
of Bradford, both in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Samuel Edward Asquith and Frederic
Alexander Greenwood, Her special licence that we, the said Samuel
Edward Asquith and Frederic Alexander Greenwood, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel
Edward Asquith and Frederic Alexander Greenwood, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, AHD OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Samuel Edward.
Asquith and Frederic Alexander Greenwood, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Edward Asquith and
Frederic Alexander Greenwood, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say)
.
Our Invention consists, first, in an improved device for simultaneously
drawing and spinning roving into yarn or thread, and laying it evenly
on the bobbin or spindle without the use of a flyer; and, secondly, in
improvements which may be applied either in a separate spinning
machine or to a condenser carding engine, and are intended to spin a
soft thread or yarn, or one composed of short fibres.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows a central vertical
section of the device constituting our first improvement; Figure 2
being a plan of same; and Figure 3 part of a spinning frame with the
improved spinning device attached thereto.
a represents an outer ring surrounding the bobbin b, as shown, and
having a flange cat top, on which a flat spiral screw thread c¹ is cut.'
Within this ring a tube d is fitted to rotate around the bobbin carrying a
drawing roller e provided with spur teeth e¹, or having a pinion keyed on
its axis to gear with the screw thread c¹. This roller e has an angular
groove e² in its periphery to grip the roving, which is led direct thereto
from the holding rollers f, as seen in red lines, the roving being caused
to partially encircle the same by a suitable pressing or guide roller
mounted above it, and turning freely on its axis; or the roving may be
passed twice round the roller g if found desirable, in which case the
roller would be made without the groove e², provision being made to
prevent the contact of the convolutions of roving. The outer tube a is
fixed to the framing of the machine, and the tube d caused to rotate by
g

page_text: a belt from the main cylinder h on the wharve d'. By the rotation of
tube d the drawing roller e is carried round the bobbin at the same time
that it is caused to be slowly revolved on its own axis by its connection
with the screw thread c', whereby the roving is simultaneously drawn
and spun into yarn, which is wound on the bobbin b. The outer ring a
may also be made to rotate if desired for the purpose of varying the
draft, but the same end may be attained by altering the speed of the
holding rollers f. The bobbin in this case is not driven, but is rotated
together with the spindle i, on which it is fixed by the drag of the yarn
in winding on. The spindle and bobbin rotate and move up and down
together, the spindle being made to run very lightly and mounted in
movable bearings operated by the ordinary means to give the necessary
traverse, as is well understood.
Figure 4 represents a cross section of parts of a machine with the
improvements constituting the second part of our Invention applied
thereto, which are especially designed for spinning short stapled wool
or other fibrous substances, and may be applied either in a separate
spinning machine or to a condenser carding engine.
and
A is the cylinder for giving motion to the spindles B of bobbins C.
The roving or sliver k to be spun is delivered by the motion of the
surface rollers D, and led through the holding rollers 7, thence passing
through a twisting device situated between the holding rollers
drawing rollers m. The said twisting device is an improvement on that
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us, and
bearing date April 10th, 1871, No. 947. We dispense with the rear or
eccentrically bored spindle, as described in one part of said Specification,
and employ only the short spindle, to which is attached the twister.
Said twister consists of a piece of wire n formed with an eye or eyes, as
shown, attached to the face of a pulley o mounted to rotate in a bearing,
and driven by a belt. The journal of the pulley o is bored centrally for
the passage of the roving, which is led through the same to the eyes of
twister n. The eye nearest the pulley o is concentric therewith, whilst
the other at the extremity is in the same line, but at right angles to the
first, so that the roving in passing through the latter will be twisted
thereby sufficiently to enable it to be attenuated to the desired extent
by the drawing rollers m. Or the twister may be of the form shown
detached at Z, the eye x being with or without an opening at one side to
admit the roving. The extremity of the twister is placed close up to the

page_text: on,
drawing rollers m, so as to twist the roving as near as may be required
to the bite of said rollers, according to the length of the fibres of the
material acted the rollers m running at a greater surface speed than
rollers l. The distance of the twister from rollers m may be adjusted
by shifting the bearing p, which is secured to the framing by screw
bolts passing through slots in the bearing. In combination with this
twisting device we employ a second pair of drawing rollers q mounted
in bearings fixed on the frame, so as to be readily adjustable to the
desired distance from rollers m, the rollers q being run at a greater
surface speed than rollers m, so as to obtain a double draught whereby
the roving is still further attenuated, which we are enabled to do with
very short fibres by the aid of the twist imparted by twister n. From
rollers the roving passes over a guide roller s, having a groove to
receive the roving, whose office is merely to assist the roving in its
passage to the flier, for which purpose the roller may be driven from
the main cylinder at about the speed at which the roving moves, or it
may run loose in its bearings. In either case it is mounted so as to
be easily removed out of the way when changing the bobbins.
We have also shown in this machine a device which may be applied
to the spindles of other machines. It is designed to assist the flier of a
throstle or spinning frame in spinning a soft thread or yarn, or one com-
posed of short fibres, which would be liable to break if the rotation of the
bobbin were caused entirely by the drag of the thread in winding on the
bobbin, and is more particularly intended to be used in spinning wool. t is a
disc or collar placed between the lifter rail u and bobbin C. It is provided
with a screw t¹, the end of which is received in a longitudinal groove in
the spindle B to permit of its up-and-down movement with the lifter
rail whilst it is caused to rotate with the spindle B. The amount of
drag required may by this means be easily regulated by the ordinary
drag appliance v, the rotation of the bobbin being assisted by the
friction between it and the surface of the disc t on which it rests.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim as our
Invention to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
1st. The device arranged, applied, and operating substantially as
Jacamiland and shown in noforanas to Rivuras 1 2 and 3 of the Drawings

page_text: for drawing and twisting or spinning roving into yarn or thread, and
winding it on a bobbin or spindle without the aid of a flier, as set
forth.
2ndly. The twisting device mounted and operated and placed between
pairs of holding rollers and drawing rollers m when combined or used
in connection with a second pair of drawing rollers q, substantially as
and for the purpose herein set forth and shown in the Drawings.
3rdly. The sliding disc or collar t placed on the spinning spindle
between the lifter rail and the bobbin for the purpose of assisting the
rotation of the bobbin, substantially as hercin-before set forth and shown
in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Edward Asquith, for
myself and on behalf of the said Frederic Alexander Geeenwood,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 2nd day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two.