matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A SELF-ACTING RAILWAY BRAKE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Caswell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1875.
I, SAMUEL CASWELL, of Euston Square, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SELF-ACTING
RAILWAY BRAKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of a self-acting brake
which falls into action by its own gravity upon a weighted lever being
released by the driver of the train, thus dispensing with signalling the
brakesman; or in the event of any part of the train becoming detached
the break action is instantaneously applied to such detached portion, and
the number of carriages or trucks so detached is indicated upon a disc
under the eye of the driver.
Upon the axle of the carriage or truck is fixed a friction wheel, and
in the periphery of the said friction wheel is a space for the reception of
a bolt actuated by a weighted lever having two arms, to one of which
arms said bolt is attached. A friction band is passed under the friction
wheel and is secured at one end to the bed of the carriage, and at the

page_text: .
other end to the second arm of the weighted lever, and in said band is a
slot through which the bolt passes into the space in the friction wheel
by the action of the lever. A chain is attached to the weighted end of
the lever and carried over rollers to the driver.
When the brake is not in use the weighted end of the lever is
suspended by the chain, and when the chain is released or broken the
brake is immediately applied by the action of the weight.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henclade Courtenay at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd April 1875.
I, ROBERT HENELADE COURTENAY, of 4, Meyrick Road, Clapham
Junction, Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR," to be as follows:--
This Invention has for its object the increase or multiplication of
magnetic power, by which means electricity is the initial power or prime
mover of other powers, such as air and water.
The improved induction coil for which Provisional Protection was
granted on the 23d of June, 1874, to me, is further improved by the
following means:-Having formed either by junction or bending a
piece of iron into a U shape I place across the two limbs and at any
convenient distance apart one or more induction coils, each one being in
itself an electro-magnet with north and south poles, and so arranged
that similar poles are placed on the same side, the ends of the coils

page_text: being connected with springs attached to the conductors by insulated
binding screws, so as to allow all or any of the coils to be employed at
discretion. Each compound magnet arranged as described is worked
with a quantity arrangement of clectricity, one element of the battery
to one coil preventing as far as possible counter currents.
AN IMPROVED ÅLARE APPARatus for Steam AND OTHER PRESSURE GAUGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th September 1875.-A communication from
abroad by Robert William Neech, residing at Paris, in the Republic
of France.
'
I, EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.O.S., of 67, Chancery
Lané, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ÅLARE APPARatus for Steam
AND OTHER PRESSURE GAUGES," being a communication to me from abroad
by Robert William Neech, residing at Paris, in the Republic of France,
to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in the application to steam and other pressure
gauges of an electro-magnetic arrangement, by means of which any
given pressure may when attained be indicated by a bell or other suitable
signalling apparatus.
The accompanying Drawing represents an application of the Invention
to a maramator of the Bonedon tume

page_text: a is the outer case with its dial and index b, c; d is a plate of ivory,
glass, or other insulating material secured to the dial 6, and provided
with two flexible metallic contact pieces e, e¹, the upper extremities x, x,
of which are tipped with platinum or other inoxidable metal. Con-
ductors g, h, are connected with the base plate d, d, of these contact à
picces, and communicate with the corresponding poles of a voltaic
battery set in any desired situation in connection with an electro-
magnetic bell arrangement. The base plate d is provided with adjusting
screws 2, z, by means of which the contact pieces e, e¹, can be set in
such a position as to complete the circuit on the arrival of the index at
any given division of the dial. Thus, in supposing that there be required
a maximum pressure of 6 lbs., the adjustable base plate would be so
set that on the point of the index reaching the división No. 6 the
tail piece thereof would bring together the tips of the contact
pieces e, e¹, and thus completing the circuit set in motion the alarm
bell.
-
AN IMPROVED SMALL MACHINE FOR MOWING AND REAPING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1875.-A communication from abroad by Antoine
Petillat, of Vichy (Allier), in the Republic of France, Agricultural
Implement Maker.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert & Company, of
67, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SMALL MACHINE
FOR MOWING AND REAPING," a communication to me from abroad by
Antoine Petillat, of Vichy (Allier), in the Republic of France,
Agricultural Implement Maker, to be as follows:
The principal parts of the improved machine are a fly wheel or drum
on a vertical axis, arms at the top carrying blades with rakes for
collecting the cut grass or wheat, a small wheel or sill adapted to the
inside gliding on the ground to carry the weight, and a regulator serving
to adjust the height of the cut; also earth boards fixed or pivoted for
stopping and turning the cut grass or wheat, and a rake for sheaving.
The blades are double edged for cutting in either direction.

page_text: The machine is worked by running on a pair of main carrying wheels
actuating certain gearing on the axle, and there are lever and clutch
arrangements of the gearing for throwing into or out of gear as required
the working of the drum, or moving the rake and earth boards, or for
shifting the sheaving rake from one side to the other.
In using the machine there is no necessity to commence the work by
hand, as with the ordinary larger machines, and as it works to either the
right or the left it allows of returning on the same line without being
obliged to go round the field.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND TREADLES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Moore Clements at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1875.
I, JAMES MOORE CLEMENTS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND TREADLES
FOR THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :—
I make the needle arm of the machine work vertically in a slot in the
framing of the machine. Near to the driving wheel and upon the shaft
of the machine, I fix an eccentric disc, and connect the needle arm with
the disc by means of a joint screw and strap. The revolving looping
hook I make with a spring piece at the rear side to slightly retain the
cotton as it passes off the hook, and I also make the feed cam or
eccentric upon the body of the hook, instead of on the shaft as before. I
also make a protruberance with a slot in the front part of the body of
the hook so as to guide the point of the needle into its correct position,
thereby preventing the point of the hook striking the needle or passing
so far from it as to miss the loop. Upon the end of the needle arm I fix

page_text: a spring lever, catch, or sliding piece, slotted or otherwise for the
purpose of entering into the long eye of a needle, such as is described in
a former Patent granted to me on the 4th day of Sept., 1872, and
numbered 2636.
My improvements in treadles consist in making the side or upright
parts and the brace and foot piece with hinges to fold up, so that the
whole parts may be put away in a small compass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS KNOWN AS AMERICAN ORGANS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Théophile Rousseau, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, American Organ
Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
KNOWN AS AMERICAN ORGANS."
Sealed the 9th November 1875, and dated the 11th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Théophile
Rousseau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th May 1875.
I, AUGUSTE THEOPHILE ROUSSEAU, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, London, American Organ Builder, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL INSTRU-
MENTS KNOWN AS AMERICAN ORGANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in musical instruments known as
American organs, consists in applying to the well known American
organ the following improvements,―

page_text: Firstly. In providing these instruments with a small auxiliary
bellows regulator in communication with the valves of the aspiration
chest, so that when the auxiliary bellows is closed the aspiration valve
forming the communication with the notes is also closed. As the auxiliary
bellows is open to the air the atmospheric pressure has a tendency to
close it, and it is either kept entirely open by a stop or regulated by a
lever worked by the knee of the operator. The novelty of this part of
the Invention consists in this combination applied to the American
organ. I prefer to have two of these combinations, one for the treble,
one for the bass, so that the instrument is then capable of producing
loud sounds in the bass, and soft in the treble, or vice versa.
Secondly. In applying to the American organ a mechanism by which
certain notes can be repeated. I do this by a barrel or drum from the
projecting ends, of which are stretched as many parallel cords as I desire
to strike upon the lever to act upon the notes, the barrel or drum being
turned either by mechanism actuated by a spring, or worked in any
appropriate manner in conjunction with the treadles of the instrument.
When the repetition of the notes is to take place by means of a stop I
make the upright lever, which is provided with an incline plane, como
in contact with another inclined plane connected with the note, and
which is then thrown into position for the revolving barrel to act upon
the notes, and repeat each note that the finger of the operator presses
down.
1
Thirdly. In the mechanism for operating the levers at the ends of the
stop. These levers generally act upon inclined planes or hinges, but in
my improvements I replace these by articulated joints, and I take an
inclined piece of wood, of about two inches square, supported on an
iron stand; to each side of this inclined piece of wood are fixed the bent
levers, which are articulated to the stops, and to the other mechanism
of the organ to be actuated by the stops.
1
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR 'PULLING' OR REMOVING THE HAIR FROM CONY OR OTHER SKINS OF ANIMALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Knowelden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1875.
I, WILLIAM KNOWELDEN, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR 'PULLING' OR REMOVING THE HAIR FROM CONY OR OTHER SKINS OF
ANIMALS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to a new or improved machine for "pulling "
or removing the hair from cony or other skins of animals.
According to my Invention I employ a cylinder running at a high
rate of speed over or against a blunt knife or edge of metal or other
substance which meets its circumference (by preference) at its lowest
point. Beneath this knife or edge is another cylinder or roller revolving
slowly in the opposite direction. This last mentioned cylinder carries
round with it an endless band of canvas, leather, wirework, or other
suitable material, and upon this endless band the skins from which the
hair is to be removed are carried towards and past the knife or edge.
The knife and endless band are so set in relation to one another that the

page_text: skins as they are carried along and round the lower cylinder just touch
the knife edge so that the hair on the slowly travelling skins is inter-
cepted and raised up thereby, when they are immediately caught and
extracted by the upper cylinder, which as before described is kept
running at a high speed against the said knife edge. The skins whilst
being operated upon are held down in position on the endless band by
guide lines or a network web of wire or other material, and after passing
the knife edge and being "pulled" are passed back to the operator by
the endless band to be removed, examined, and if necessary resubmitted
to the process.
The skins are fed on to the endless band by two feed:
rollers.
The upper roller may have either a hard and smooth surface, or may be
covered with india-rubber, gutta percha, cork, leather, wire brush work,
or other suitable clastic or non-elastic material, and may be roughed,
or fluted, or corrugated either in a line with its axis or diagonally or
spirally.
The knife or edge may either be fixed so that the upper cylinder will
be constantly acting against it, or it may have a reciprocatory motion.
given to it so that the cylinder will strike it at each advance and so meet
and extract the hair raised by it.
At some point between the feed rollers and knife edge I place a
picker or carding roller so as to act on the skins when in position
on the endless band, by which means the skins are carded on their way
to the "pulling" roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS WORKED BY COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER FLUID, AND APPLIED TO THE SHEARING OR CUTTING OF THE WOOL OR HAIR OF ANIMALS, PART OF SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO DIRECT ACTING PUMPING MACHINERY AND TO ROCK DRILLS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Honorable Robert Flower
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th March 1875.
I, the Honorable ROBERT FLOWER, of Durrow, Queen's County,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS WORKED BY COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER FLUID,
AND APPLIED TO THE SHEARING OR CUTTING OF THE WOOL OR HAIR OF ANIMALS,
PART OF SAID IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO DIRECT ACTING PUMPING
MACHINERY AND TO ROCK DRILLS," to be as follows:-
:―
According to this Invention I apply compressed air, steam, or other
fluid under pressure, to the working of cutters or shears for cutting,
shearing, or shaving sheep, or other animals.
The operator holds the apparatus in his hand. The apparatus consists
of a small cylinder fitted with a long piston, which for parts of its length,
and at or about the middle of its length, is cut or notched out, so as to
have a face formed on which the slide valve works. Ports are formed
therein for admitting the compressed fluid to each end of the piston and
for passing off the exhaust. The slide valve is worked by a rod or

page_text: tappets, which at or towards the end of each stroke come in contact
with the cylinder ends or with any other part of same. The piston rod
passes out fluid tight at the front end, and has a pin which works in a
slot formed in the crank end of the moving cutter or cutters, the
stationary blade or body of the shears being fastened to the cylinder.
The compressed fluid is admitted to the cylinder by a hose or pipe from
an air compressing apparatus or a steam boiler. If a number of my
shearing apparatus are worked together I prefer to supply them from
one common reservoir, which may be charged, say with compressed air,
by a compressing pumping apparatus worked by steam, hose, gear, or
manual or other power.
The cylinder constructed as described may also be applied to direct
eating numns and to wool dmills
IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR PREVENTING RADIATION OF HEAT IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Beamish and Charles
Mason at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st September 1875.
We, ABRAHAM BEAмISH and CHARLES MASON, both of Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR
PREVENTING RADIATION OF HEAT IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER SURFACES," to be
as follows:-
In covering boilers to prevent the radiation of heat two systems have
been chiefly in vogue,—
1st. Lagging or covering with laths of wood set close together, with or
without a layer of felt or other non-conductor beneath.
2nd. Covering the boiler all over with a composition.
Both these systems have decided disadvantages; the first in that
should a leak occur the place cannot be discovered without stripping
the boiler, as the water trickles down under the lagging; the second in
hat (especially with marine boilers) the composition is very apt to

page_text: crack and fall off, so much so that it frequently happens on the return
from a voyage that the greater portion of the boiler is bare of com-
position. Now our Invention consists in a combination of the two
systems, so as to obtain the advantages of both with the disadvantages of
neither.
In carrying out our Invention we commence by covering the surface
to be protected from radiation of heat with the composition in the
ordinary manner. We make the last coating however rather thicker
than usual, and while it is still plastic we press into it laths of wood,
such as ordinary lagging is composed of, placing them a distance
about equal to their own width apart. We then adjust the lagging
hoops, and when these are fixed tight, smooth off the composition to
level with the laths.
2nd. Instead of the ordinary rigid mode of fixing the lagging hoops by
a screw and nut, which frequently results in their bursting asunder or the
thread drawing from expansion and contraction of the boiler, we place
a volute spring between the bracket, stay, or lug, and the nut, so that if
any great strain comes upon the hoop by expansion of the boiler, the
spring will give and allow the cross section area embraced by the hoop
to increase in size. Should a leak occur with our lagging, the water or
steam oozes through the composition and appears on the surface, usually
slightly lower than but contiguous to the exact locality of the leak. A
single piece of lagging with circumjacent composition is usually all that
need be disturbed (sometimes not even as much as that); the leak is
caulked, the composition and lagging replaced, and the thing is done;
whereas with ordinary lagging it is usually necessary entirely to strip
the boiler, one piece of lagging being irremovable without serious
disturbance to the others.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BEARINGS FOR USE IN MILLS, FORGES, AND TIN OR OTHER WORKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1875.
I, PETER JONES, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN IMPROVEMENT IN BEARINGS
FOR USE IN MILLS, FORGES, AND TIN OR OTHER WORKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improvement in the construction of
bearings, the same being especially applicable to the bearings used in
mills, forges, and tin or other works.
The Invention has for its objects the attainment of a much greater
durability in the wear of the bearings, and the incorporation with the
bearings of effective means of absorbing or retaining any lubricative oil
or material which may be supplied to the bearing.
The Invention consists in drilling or otherwise forming in the inner
face of the brass or metal bearings suitable holes or slots, and in filling
these slots flush with the inner face of the bearings with any suitable
hard wood with the grain running at or nearly at right angles to the
face of the bearings. The Invention thus consists materially in the

page_text: combination of the wood thus applied with brass or metal bearings, and
it has been found from experiment that such combination gives results
as to durability in comparison with the use of other bearings in the
proportion of three to one.
The employment of this bearing improves the neck of the roll or the a
journal of the shaft by closing the grain of the metal, which causes
much less friction and brings the journals or bearings to a much smoother
surface.
AN IMPROVED BUTTER DISH OR RECEPTACLE FOR BUTTER, SUGAR, MARMALADE, BISCUITS, OR OTHER TABLE ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Green at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
August 1875.
I, GEORGE GREEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BUTTER DISH OR RECEPTACLE FOR BUTTER, SUGAR, MARMALADE, BISCUITS, OR
OTHER TABLE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to the construction of butter dishes or of
receptacles or holders for butter, marmalade, or sugar, and of biscuit
boxes, and other domestic or table articles, and according to onc
modification the Invention consists in the combination with the butter
dish or receptacle of a fixed metallic or other rim and a removable
sliding cover or lid, the latter being provided with a carrier or support
when required for a knife, or spoon, or other table requisite.
The metallic or other rim is suitably affixed to the butter dish or other
receptacle with plaster of Paris or otherwise, and it is made with a hole
or is provided with an inner tube or socket. The under part of the lid
or cover is provided with a suitable centre or pin which fits in this hole,

page_text: tube, or socket, so that the cover or lid can be slid sideways with the pin
as a centre when it is required to get at the contents of the dish or
other receptacle. The cover or lid is only intended to be entirely
removed for the purpose of cleaning.
In a second modification of the Invention the metallic or other rim
is dispensed with, and the socket for the pin is made in the glass or
other material of which the article is made during its manufacture by a
suitable projection affixed to the plunger used in the moulding of the
article.
In each modification in the articles requiring it the sliding lid is
provided with a bifurcated knife or spoon carrier or support.
The main objects of the improvements are to avoid the soiling of the
table cloth by depositing the cover or lid or the knife or spoon of the
butter dish or other article thereon, which parts frequently have some
of the contents adhering to them, and to render such articles more
compact and self contained.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF WOOD FROM DECAY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th August 1875.-A communication from abroad by Doctor Jean
Mancion, of Rome, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE
PRESERVATION OF WOOD FROM DECAY," to be as follows :-
-:
This Invention consists in preserving timber from decay by injecting
into the pores of the wood various solutions of chemical substances,
which by reacting on each other in the pores of the wood form insoluble
compounds which will preserve the wood from decay or from the attacks
of destructive insects.
The chemical substances employed for this purpose are sulphate of
iron, arsenic acid, and phenic acid dissolved in water, and used in about
the following proportions. Two separate solutions are made as follows:-
1, sulphate of iron, kilos. 2.097, dissolved in 100 litres of water; 2,
arsenic, kilog. 0.045801, and phenic acid, kilog. 0:37878, dissolved in 100

page_text: litres of water. The timber is impregnated first with the solution of
sulphate of iron, and then with the arsenio phenic solution. The
chemicals may be injected into the wood in the usual way, or by any
known process.
The result will be that an insoluble and antiseptic
salt, the arsenio phenate of iron, will be produced in the pores of the
wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING AND INDICATING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED OVER BY VEHICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: ****
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1875.
•
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Fellow of the Royal Society, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING AND INDICATING THE DISTANCE
TRAVELLED OVER BY VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object providing simple and efficient means
of measuring and indicating the distance travelled over by public
conveyances, so as to enable the driver, conductor, or other attendant to
ascertain the total amount or fare to be paid according to the mileage,
and also admit of the passengers verifying or checking the same with
facility. In order to effect this object I employ at any convenient part
of the vehicle a dial or face which is graduated in two circles or series to
indicate miles and fractions of a mile, and is provided with two hands,
viz, a long one and a short one, the latter pointing to the mile index,
and the former to the index for fractions of a mile after the manner of
the hour and minute hands of a clock.

page_text: These hands are actuated from the wheel or axle of the vehicle by a
train of spur wheels or other suitable gearing, the dimensions of the
several wheels of which are so proportioned as to cause the mile hand to
pass from one division to the other whilst the vehicle is travelling the
distance of one mile, and the fractional hand to perform a complete
revolution around the dial or face in the same period.
I also propose to employ in connection with the before mentioned
apparatus cards or tickets representing the dial or face in miniature, any
suitable number of which are to be carried by the conductor or other
person in charge of the vehicle who is to deliver one to each passenger
on entering after puncturing or marking the inner and outer circles of
the card or ticket in accordance with the position of the hands on the
face or dial of the vehicle. When the passenger wishes to alight it is
simply necessary to compare his card or ticket with the present position
of the hands on the dial or face in order to ascertain the exact distance
which he has travelled, and the fare to be paid accordingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Noble's AND KINDRED COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walton Whitehead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st May 1875.
I, HENRY WALTON WHITEHEAD, of Holbeck, in the Parish of Leeds,
in the County of York, a Partner in the Firm of Taylor, Wordsworth,
& Co., of the same Place, Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Noble's AND KINDRED
COMBING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable to Noble's or kindred combing
machines, and consists in the application of a flat steel spring attached
to the fixing which carries each pair of drawing-off rollers. To this
spring is attached a bell which gives an alarm when struck by a pin or
other contrivance fixed on to the shaft of one of the drawing-off rollers,
the pin being at such a distance from such spring as to clear it when
the sliver is being drawn off properly, but should the sliver break down
and cause a lap, or should any other irregularity occur in the sliver,

page_text: whereby the rollers will be forced wider apart than ordinary the pin will
communicate with the bell spring. The same pin or a cam may by
communication with a lever be made to lift a catch or sneck so as to
allow a spring to throw off the belt from the fast pulley to the loose
pulley and stop the whole machine.
AN IMPROVED FOUNTAIN PEN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Saunders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1875.
I, CHARLES SAUNDERS, of the Town and County of Southampton,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FOUNTAIN PEN," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to an improved fountain pen of simple con-
struction and not liable to get out of order.
According to my Invention the supply of ink is contained in the
holder or handle of the pen, which is hollow and closed at top by a cap
or cover, in which is a small air hole. The ink is conveyed to the nib
by a grooved plug or stem only when air is admitted to the ink
reservoir through this air hole which is closed by a spring valve
connected to a rod extending down the holder to the point where the
thumb and fingers hold the same in writing. This rod is contained in a
tube or space in the handle separate from the ink reservoir, and it

page_text: terminates in a projection passing through a slit in the handle and
serving as a thumb piece to enable the valve to be opened to admit air
to cause a flow of ink to the nib when required. In this manner the
flow of ink necessary to write with may be easily regulated. The parts
may be readily removed from the handle for cleaning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING TOGETHER PARTS OF DRIVING STRAPS, BANDS, OR BELTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Talputt Stoneham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1875.
I, JAMES TALPUTT STONEHAM, of West Gorton, Manchester, in the
5 County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING TOGETHER PARTS OF DRIVING STRAPS, BANDS,
OR BELTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide means for securing together
the parts composing straps, bands, or belts, so that by the use of these
O the necessity of overlapping portions of the straps, belts, or bands as at
present used is dispensed with; also greater facility is afforded for
effecting connection (and disconnection if need be), and at the same
time in the case of breakage mending can be readily effected. Hence by
this Invention great facility of construction and economy of material
are obtained.
The means I adopt are mainly as follows:-The ends of the parts are
simply brought together end to end, and then fastened by means of
pieces of metal which have sharpened ends turned in at such angle as

page_text: will cause said pieces when inserted to securely bite or grip into the
material, such pieces of metal being capable of being released with
facility, although if desired where facility of disconnection is not sought
after the ends may be rivetted or turned so as to be fixed fast to the
material.
The pieces of metal above referred to may be used for repairing straps,
bands, or belts at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Broadfoot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
February 1875.
I, JAMES BROADFOOT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved and simplified construction of
watercloset and comprises two modifications.
In one modification suitable for houses or ships the bottom and outlet
of the closet basin is cemented into the top of a hemispherical metal
shell, which is bolted to a reverse hemispherical part formed at the top
of the soil pipe. The valve or closing detail is a segmental spherical shell
inside of the spherical casing and closing up against the top opening
into the casing. The valve is formed with trunnions turning in sockets
or stuffing boxes, and one of which has fixed on it externally a crank or
lever for moving the valve.
In the second modification which is more especially designed for ships,
the rnnew nort of the valve casing is the same as in the first modification.

page_text: and is fitted with a similar segmental spherical valve. The mouth or
top of the soil pipe is enlarged to receive a second valve, which is however
arranged so as to require no additional joints in the casing. An
inclined valve seat is fixed down on flanges or snugs formed for it inside
the casing or enlargement, and a flap valve is fitted to close against the
under side of the valve seat, being placed before the seat is inserted, and
being fixed on a horizontal spindle introduced through a stuffing box.
The spindle has a crank on it, and both it and that of the upper valve
are actuated by means of the same main lever, being formed or fitted with
pins which are entered into cam slots in the main lever. These cam
slots are made with concentric inoperative parts, disposed so that one
valve does not open until the other is quite closed.
If preferred the lower valve may be made like the upper one, but
AN IMPROVED HORSE-SHOE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1875.-A communication from abroad by Auguste
Barennes, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for " AN IMPROVED HORSE-SHOE," a communication to me
from abroad by Auguste Barennes, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
An important objection to the shoes by which the hoofs of horses,
mules, and other beasts of burthen are protected is that of lessening the
confidence of the animal from the facility with which it slides about and
falls when the shoe is a little worn, and the pain resulting from the
violent shocks thus undergone.
The object of the improved horse-shoe, herein-after described and shown
in plan and section, Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing,
is to prevent slipping and sliding by giving a better adhesion of the foot
of the animal upon the ground, and preserving it from a too violent con-

page_text: cussion upon any soil or roadway. This improved horse-shoe has the
same outer form as those in ordinary use, differing therefrom only on its
outer surface, which has in the middle and extending its entire length a
chamber, groove; or cavity of a dovetail shape, as shown, Fig. 3 of the
Drawing._In_this_groove is set, by pressure, a piece of india-rubber,
gutta percha, cork, or other analogous material-This-operation_takes
place after the shoe is nailed on. The object of giving to the groove
this dovetail shape is that it may firmly hold the material set in it,
and therefore the preparation of this groove is an important feature of
the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Apperly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1875.
I, JAMES APPERLY, of Dudbridge, Stroud, in the County of Gloucester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a large heating surface in
steam boilers, and thereby to effect an economy in the fuel consumed in
the furnaces of such boilers. This I accomplish by dividing up the
water space by means of parallel flues which extend from the fire-place
to the chimney, and are made by preference of flanged plates rivetted
together so as to constitute deep narrow water chambers with closed ends
and bottom, but open at top to the water and steam space of the boiler,
and having a capacity about equal to the flues. These flues are closed
at top by the top flanges of the plates or by angle iron interposed between
them, and they are or may be open at bottom to an ash chamber
extending the whole length of the body of the boiler. The deep narrow
water chambers which extend from end to end of the boiler will rest on

page_text: transverse water chambers constructed of boiler plate and connecting
with the longitudinal chambers by tubes or otherwise, so as to maintain
an efficient circulation throughout the boiler.
The Invention applies to boilers of various forms or wherever ample
space above the longitudinal water chambers can be provided for the
steam as it is generated to ascend. The crown of the boiler may be
strengthened by means of transverse plates set vertically and riveted to
the plates which form the outer skin of the boiler.
The above described arrangement of boiler, by admitting of the dust or
particles of fuel carried forward by the currents of flame and heated
gases depositing in a receptacle prepared for the purpose, ensures the
maintenance of the flues in a clean and efficient state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING OR SEPARATING LIQUIDS OR MOISTURE FROM SEMI-FLUID, PLASTIC, OR SOLID SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1875.
I, JOHN HILL, of Blantyre Street, Dresden, Stoke-on-Trent, in the
County of Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING OR SEPARATING
LIQUIDS OR MOISTURE FROM SEMI-FLUID, PLASTIC, OR SOLID SUBSTANCES OR
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object the treatment of any semi-fluid
substance or material or mixture of liquids and solids, the primary or
especial purposes being the treatment of clay by separating water
therefrom for potters' use, and the separation of the solid and liquid
portions of sewage and sewer refuse. For these purposes I employ a
cast iron or metal tube of conical or tapering form, and an archimedean
screw likewise of conical or tapering form within the tube, the screw
is made to revolve, the tube being fixed, or both may be made to revolve.
The tube is grooved longitudinally for passage of the liquid or moisture,
and is perforated at the bottom of the grooves.

page_text: The materials or substances to be treated are fed in at the larger
end of the tube, the liquid or moisture passes off by the above mentioned
grooves and perforations, and the solid is evacuated at the smaller end of
the tube.
I employ two or more thicknesses of cotton or other cloth or fabric as
a lining against the interior of the tube, such lining being spread over,
but not lining the grooves or perforations.
I sometimes intend employing an outer skin or tube about four inches
larger in diameter than the grooved tube (like a vessel or ship with two
skins or steam jacketted cylinder), so as to apply a jet of steam between
the two skins to clear the grooves and perforations, and to preserve the
cloth with a branch or outlet for the escape of the liquid or moisture at
the bottom, and a branch or inlet at the top for the supply of the steam,
each to be furnished with a cock or valve to shut or open alternately.
At the small end of the tube where the solid is evacuated I propose to
fit a sluice valve or slide running in two grooves in order to regulate the
size of the aperture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERPETUAL CALENDARS OR ALMANACKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by Johann Fisslthaler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1875.
I, JOHANN FISSLTHALER, of No. 24, Northampton Square, Clerken-
well, in the County of Middlesex, Watchmaker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PERPETUAL
CALENDARS OR ALMANACKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in perpetual calendars or
almanacks, which are applicable to pencil cases, penholders, walking
sticks, cigar cases, purses, lockets, watch cases, and clocks, umbrellas,
and any other article of daily or other use; also may be applied to pipes,
cigar holders, match boxes, and such like articles.
I will explain my Invention by describing its application to a locket,
purse, or other flat article. I insert in a locket a plate having on its
surface engraved or printed a table representing the days of the month
in vertical columns, and arranged in such a manner that by simply
pushing or changing the day of the week which are engraved or printed
on separate tablets or small bars, or I can use a roller whereon the date

page_text: and the day of the week is indicated, and this being continually per-
formed gives perpetually the date, day, and month of the year.
When this Invention is carried out in reference to circular or other
shaped articles, such as penholders and such like, the calendar is printed
or engraved on some clastic or limp material, or on metal or glass tubes,
and a collar is made to move up or down, as occasion may require.
On the tube is engraved the days of the week, and the collar is either
pushed up or down, according to the day of the week.
This calendar may be set for a day, week, or month, as may be desired,
shewing both the day of the week and the month.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DISSOLVING SNOW IN PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bickerton and John
Wormald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th December 1875.
We, JOSEPH BICKERTON, of Richmond Hill Iron Works, Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, and JOHN WORMALD, of Eton Street,
Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR
DISSOLVING SNOW IN PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES AND OTHER PLACES," to be as
follows:-
"
The object of this Invention is to speedily and effectually remove
snow from the surface of the ground, and dispose of the same while yet
on the spot; and to accomplish this a machine (herein-after termed
'digester ") somewhat of the configuration of a "tank water cart" is
constructed, having connected with it or fitted to it a furnace, flues, and
smoke pipe, all of such shape and dimensions as circumstances and
locality shall decide, but by preference the furnace is placed at the back
end or tail of the digester and on the inside, such furnace being attended
to and fired from the outside at the rear.

page_text: The flue passes from the furnace to and connects with the smoke
pipe, which is placed in a convenient position so as not to interrupt the
proper filling and working of the digester.
Fuel bunkers and ash pan form part in the construction of the
machine, and mud doors inserted in suitable places for the better
convenience in cleansing when desired. Outlets are provided at the
sides and bottom, if necessary, with cocks or hose attached for passing
off the contents from the digester.
The working or action of the digester is as follows:-The fire having
been lighted and the snow collected towards the sides of the thoroughfare ]
or ground that has to be cleared, the snow is lifted by shovels or
otherwise and deposited in the digester from the top (part of which
uncovers) in the manner that mud, dust, &c., is collected.
The snow on falling upon the enclosed furnace and flue or flues is
immediately dissolved, and the machine passing slowly along by horse 1
power or otherwise will thus be the effectual means of clearing the
surface of snow by digesting it on the spot, and thereby prevent
accumulation and itsconsequent dirtiness and obstructiveness, together
with the expense and inconvenience attendant in getting clear of the
fall.
2
The water resultant upon the dissolving of the snow will be got rid of
while the machine is continuing its way and collecting, and be available
for cleansing purposes by the inhabitants along the route, and when not
thus required can be discharged down the gullies by the way. The
snow is therefore not required to be carted away and deposited else- 2
where as at present, but will be completely collected and finally dealt
with at one and the same time.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Standring Hall and
James Hobson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd March 1875.
We, SAMUEL STANDRING HALL, of the Firm of Robert Hall, of Bury,
in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, and JAMES HOBSON, of
the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to those looms in which two or more
shuttles are applied at cach side of the loom, and it consists of an
improved pick and pick weft motion, and a pick and pick picking
motion combined together and acting from the shuttles on both sides of
the loom.
Our improved mechanism for working the picking motion consists of
a finger working on the swell of the shuttle which is to be picked over,
and of a short spring jointed lever or finger which comes in contact with
a pin when the shuttle has to be picked over; this pin is in a double-
jointed lever which lets down a latch that is in the picking shaft, and

page_text: comes in contact with a nose which is on the fly wheel and causes the
shuttle to pick over.
The mechanism for working the pick and pick weft motion is as
follows: A small rod is connected to the double spring-jointed lever
above referred to'; to this rod is jointed a lever working from the centre.
This lever acts on a finger which is worked up and down by a positive
lever working from the side of the lay sword. There is a short lever
which comes in contact with the finger above mentioned, which when
the shuttle is being picked over on the same side stops the loom if the
weft is broken. The weft passes round a side motion finger and draws
the catch off the knocking-off lever, this side motion finger answers the
purpose of the ordinary weft fork. On the knocking-off shaft is a lever
which carries the catch that is drawn off by the weft. The side motion
finger is supported in an arm fixed to a second shaft, and on the axle of
the side motion finger is a second finger which works the knocking-off
catch. The side motion finger is lifted out of the cloth by a lever acted
upon by the lay sword, and a rod connected to a short lover on the
second shaft above referred to. The side motion finger is pressed towards
the reed to be ready for the next pick by a weight.
By means of these improvements if the weft is broken any where in
passing through the shed the loom will be stopped in the same shed as
the weft is broken in, thereby avoiding the necessity of turning back to
find the broken end. This combined pick and pick motion and weft
motion cnables any length of pattern to be wovon, as the requisite parts
are brought into position for picking over when there is a shuttle in the
compartment of the shuttle box that is brought in line with the shuttle
race.