IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PUMPING.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Peers Scott, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer and Exporter of Machinery, for, the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR
PUMPING.".
-A communication from abroad by John Haag, of
Augsburg, in the Kingdoni of Bavaria, Machinist and Tube Manu-
facturer.
Sealed the 22nd January 1875, and dated the 10th August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Peers Scott at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th August 1874.
I, JOHN PEERS, SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engincer and Exporter of Machinery, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, APPLICABLE
ALSO FOR PUMPING," a communication to me from abroad by John Haag, -
of Augsburg, in the Kingdom of Bavaria, Machinist and Tube Manu-
facturer to be as follows:-

page_text: The oscillating cylinder is provided with hollow trunnions, in which and
in the bearings are ports for the ingress and egress of the steam or water.
The piston working in the cylinder is connected direct to the crank shaft.
The ordinary valves are dispensed with. The variable expansion gear
for regulating the speed of the engine according to its load consists of a
curved valve fixed on a centre, which valve is made to partially closo
the admission port by the governor acting on a system of levers.
When these improved engines are used for pumping, the crank shaft
is driven by steam or other power, and the piston becomes the plunger
for raising or forcing the liquid to be pumped.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Peers Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PEERS SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Exporter of Machinery, send greeting.
•
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Peers Scott, Her special licenco
that I, the said John Peers Scott, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Peers Scott, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PUMPING," being a
communication to me from abroad by John Haag, of Augsburg, in the
Kingdom of Bavaria, Machinist and Tube Manufacturer, upon tho
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Peers Scott, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Peers Scott, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say) :—
This improved motive-power engine may be worked by steam or water.
The oscillating cylinder is provided with hollow trunnions, in which and
in the bearings are ports for the ingress and egress of the steam or water.
Tho piston working in the cylinder is connected direct to the crank shaft,
and the ordinary valves are dispensed with.
The variable expansion
gear for regulating the speed of the engine according to its load consists
of a curved valve fixed on a centre, which valve is made to partially
close the admission port by the governor acting on a system of levers.
When these improved engines are used for pumping, the crank shaft
is driven by steam or other power, and the piston becomes the plunger
for raising or forcing the liquid to be pumped.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying two
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is an elevation in section of an improved horizontal
motive-power engine or pump; Fig. 2, a plan in section; Fig. 3, a cross
section; and Fig. 4, another elevation in section of the same. a is the
foundation plate, in which are cast the bearings for the trunnions 6 of
the oscillating cylinder c; d is the piston; and e, the piston rod which
is connected direct to the crank shaft f, supported in bearings fixed to
the foundation plate.
In the trunnions 6 are two slots 6', which are divided by the mid-
feather b³, and in the bearings in which the trunnions work are three
slots; the centre one is marked a' and the outer ones a³. The ports a'
and a are in communication with the admission and exhaust passages.
The lower face of the trunnions and the upper part of the bearings form
the valves, and the seating is kept steam or water-tight by set screws 6³
acting on the steps 6ª,

page_text: When the machine is used as a motive-power engine the steam or
wator is admitted at a', as shewn in Fig. 3, and after passing through
the ports a¹ and b' it enters the trunnions b, and is conveyed, say, to the
back of the piston d in the cylinder c. When the piston is traversing
from one end of the cylinder to the other the oscillation of the trunnions t
causes the ports to be gradually opened for admitting the full supply of
steam or water, and the exhaust ports are also opened for carrying off
the exhaust through a pipe connected to the opening a' in Fig. 3. When
the piston arrives at the end of the cylinder the ports are brought again
into the position shown in Fig. 4, and as soon as the crank shaft has 1
turned its centre the ports are reversed to admit the steam or water to
the other side of the piston, and thereby to bring it back to the point
from whence it started. A fly wheel may be applied on the crank shaft
to assist it in turning over the centres, and when the engine is used for
pumping a driving pulley or wheel is fixed to the crank shaft, and the 1
piston then becomes a plunger for drawing or forcing the liquid to bo
pumped or exhausted.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent two sectional clevations of a vertical motive-
power engine or pump constructed according to these improvements.
The various parts of the machine are similar to those before described, 2
and they are marked with corresponding letters of reference. The modo
of operation of the parts does not need to be repeated.
On Sheet 2, Fig. 7, is a horizontal motive-power engine constructed
in the manner described in reference to Fig. 1, on Sheet 1, to which the
improved variable expansion gear for regulating the speed according to
the load is applied; Fig. 8 is a transverse section; Fig. 9, a side view of
the governor; Fig. 10 is a plan of the engine; and Fig. 11, a front view.
of the expansion gear. 9 is the spindle of an ordinary ball governor,
which spindle is driven from the crank shaft by a strap and pulley and
bevel gear, as shewn in Figs. 9 and 11; h, h, are the governor balls
connected as usual to the sliding bush g' on the spindle 9 in the lower
part of the sliding bush; g' is an annular recess, in which the lever i
fits. To this lever is suspended the link j, which is connected below to
the upper end of the slotted lever k, fitting on a square block mounted
on a fixed stud 2. To the lower end of the slotted lever & is jointed the
link m, the other end of which is connected to the lever n fixed to the
end of the spindle n¹ of the segment expansion valves n², which vibrato
in the passage a³ in the foundation plate a. The upper end of the slotted

page_text: lever is also connected by the link o to the sliding block f' fitting in
the frame f, which is cast of the same piece as the pulley fs for driving
the governor. The expansion valves n² consist each of a segment con-
nected by steady pins to a casting keyed on the spindle n' and pressed
outwards by a spring, as shewn in Fig. 8. As the expansion valves
vibrate on their spindle they cover and uncover the passages a³, which
admit the steam or water to the cylinder, and the amount of vibration
is first determined by the position of the sliding block f¹ in the frame ƒª,
but the variations in the cut-off are also regulated by the governor
according to its load in the following manner :-When the load increases
and the speed of the engine is reduced the governor balls collapse and
lower the end of the lever i. The slotted lever is thus lowered, thereby
increasing the length of its lower arm. This increased length of lever
causes the expansion valves to remain open longer than before, thus
admitting more steam or water to the cylinder until the engine regains
its proper speed. The contrary action takes place when the engine is
running too fast. The eccentric f' on the crank shaft f, see Fig. 10, is
for driving the force pump p.
Figs. 12 and 13 are two views of a vertical double-action motive-power
engine or pump constructed according to this Invention. a is a wall
plate, which is cast with the bearings for the crank shaft and for the
trunnions of the cylinders c, c, and with the passages for admitting and
exhausting the steam or water. In this instance the cylinders are shewn
of different diameters, and the piston rods e of both cylinders are con-
nected to the same crank shaft f. The larger cylinder may be the
motive power for working the plunger in the smaller cylinder, which
would then act a pump. The cylinders may both be of the same
diameter if preferred, and the engine instead of being placed vertically,
as shewn, may be placed horizontally or at any angle.
These improved engines are applicable for all stationary and marine
purposes, and the double-acting engines aro particularly suitable for
working steam fire engines. In some cases a three-throw crank shaft
may be used with a large cylinder for acting on the middle crank and
two smaller ones for the outside cranks.
The facility with which these engines can be adapted to work with
either steam or water renders them of particular service to millowners
and to those who employ water as motivo power, for when the supply of
water fails the same engine may be driven by steam,

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of the Invention and described the
manner of performing the same, as described to me by the within-named
John Haag, I declare that I claim,―
First. The improved oscillating engines, described and shewn in the
Drawings, and particularly the arrangements of the ports in the trunnions 5
of the cylinder and in the bearings in which the trunnions oscillate.
And, Secondly. The improved arrangement of machinery for governing
the speed of motive-power engines according to the load, as shewn and
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pcers Scott, have hereto set 1
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of February One thousand
cight hundred and seventy-five.
JOHN P. SCOTT. (L)