CERTAIN COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING METALS AND METALLIC ARTICLES FROM OXI- DATION, AND FOR COATING SLATE, BRICKS, POTTERY, AND CERAMIC WARE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING METALS AND METALLIC ARTICLES FROM OXI-
DATION, AND FOR COATING SLATE, BRICKS, POTTERY, AND CERAMIC WARE."-
A communication from abroad by Camille, Baroness de Lavenant, residing
at Paris, France.
Sealed the 29th December 1863, and dated the 2nd July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1863.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING METALS AND METALLIC ARTICLES
FROM OXIDATION, AND FOR COATING SLATE, BRICKS, POTTERY, AND CERAMIC WARE,"
to be as follows :-
By combining various solvents with a crystal base, and by the addition of
coloring matters, I have obtained a product which preserves from oxidation
cast and wrought iron and other metals, solidifies them, and preserves their
natural tint, or imparts to them any color or varied shade. I proceed to

page_text: describe the base of this composition, at first colorless, to be applied on metal,
preserving to the metal its natural color, then colored to impart any desired
shade to the metal coated with it.
1. Composition which I term base colorless with a crystal base.-I take
680 parts of crystal or glass, 250 parts of minium, 80 parts of sub-carbonate
of potass, and 100 parts of borax.
2. Composition of a blue color.- Same substances and in the same propor-
tions as for the colorless base, but with the addition of ten parts of cobalt or
with binoxide of copper or steel.
3. Composition of a red color.-Same substances as for the colorless base, the
proportion of sub-carbonate is increased and of minium diminished, and there
are added to the base five parts of copper turnings or filings, previously
immersed in white Burgundy vinegar, then dried, or with the addition of ten
parts of protoxide of copper stirred in with a copper rod. I take a plate of
cast iron, cover it with white Burgundy vinegar, and leave it for three days;
I then gather the rust or oxide, dry it and mix it with a greater or lesser
proportion of the colorless base, according to the deeper or lighter shade
required.
4. Composition of a green color.-Same substances and in the same.pro-
portions as for the colorless base, with about three and a half parts of sulphate
of copper added.
5. Composition of a yellow color.-Same substances and in the same
proportions as for the colorless base, except that borate of iron is substituted
for the borax.
6. Composition of a jet black color.-Same substances and in the same
proportions as for the colorless base, with the addition of pounded iron scale.
7. Composition of a silver color.-Granules of virgin silver dissolved in
nitric acid precipitated by aqua regia, then mixed one-fifth with four parts of
borax. For this operation wood, glass, porcelain, or earthenware vessels only
should be used.
The various substances are weighed, broken up, mixed, and placed in a
crucible previously submitted to the action of fire in an oven or furnace. The
crucible is covered with coke, and after a given time, depending upon the
weight of the crucible, it is withdrawn from the fire; the matter fully fused,
after being stirred with an iron rod to render it more malleable, is run out
upon a metal plate with raised edges, and previously heated and allowed to
cool; the matter is next broken, pulverized, and ground up with water, and is
now ready for application. It is spread on or applied with more or less water
by a brush or by dipping, or it is sifted over the article. The articles are nex

page_text: baked in a muffle or stove hermetically closed. The oven is heated with coke,
and the gases should completely surround the muffle. The oven should be
heated with wood, where in the preparation of the composition to complete the
grinding fat oils have been used to render it more supple. In order to obtain
all possible shades the same result is attained by the means hereafter
explained. The substances are ground to powder with turpentine and spread
with copal varnish. A first coat of the base ground with water is applied, it
is allowed to dry without being fired. A second coat of the color prepared
with oil or fatty matter is applied, and allowed to dry. The article is then
baked, and to obtain a better glaze a coat of the colorless base may be applied
over all either before or after baking.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 31st December 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN COMPOSITIONS FOR PROTECTING METALS AND
METALLIC ARTICLES FROM OXIDATION, AND FOR COATING SLATE, BRICKS, POTTERY,
AND CERAMIC WARE," (communicated to me from abroad by Camille, Baroness
of Lavenant, residing at Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the sanie was to be performed, and cause

page_text: the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
By combining various solvents with a crystal base, and by the addition
of coloring matters, I have obtained a product which preserves from oxidation
cast and wrought iron and other metals, solidifies them, and preserves their
natural tint, or imparts to them any color or varied shade. I proceed to
describe the base of this composition, at first colorless, to be applied on metal,
preserving to the metal its natural color, then colored to impart any desired
shade to the metal coated with it.
1. Composition which I term base colorless with a crystal base.-I take
680 parts of crystal or glass, 250 parts of minium, 80 parts of sub-carbonate
of potass, and 100 parts of borax. This composition serves as the base of all
the others.
2. Composition of a blue color.-The same substances and in the same
proportions as for the colorless base, but with the addition of 10 parts of cobalt
blue or with binoxides of copper and steel.
3. Composition of a red color.-The same substances as for the colorless
base, the proportion of sub-carbonate is increased and of minium diminished,
and there are added to the base five parts of copper turnings or filings pre-
viously immersed for 24 hours more or less in white Burgundy vinegar, then
dried, or with the addition of ten parts of protoxide of copper, stirred in with a
copper rod. I take a plate of cast iron, cover it with white Burgundy vinegar
and leave it for three days. I then gather the rust or oxide, dry it, and mix it
with a greater or lesser proportion of the colorless base according to the deeper
or lighter shade required.
⚫ 4. Composition of a green color.-The same substances and in the same pro-
portions as for the colorless base, with about three and a half parts of sulphate
of copper added.
5. Composition of a yellow color.-The same substances and in the same
proportions as for the colorless base, except that borate of iron is substituted
for the borax.
6. Composition of a jet black color.-The same substances and in the same
proportions as for the colorless base, with the addition of pounded iron
scale.
7. Composition of a silver color.-Granules of virgin silver dissolved in

page_text: nitric acid precipitated by aqua regia, then mixed one-fifth with four parts of
borax. For this operation wood, glass, porcelain, or earthenware vessels only
should be used.
8. Composition of a grey color.-680 parts of the colorless base, 10 parts of
carbonate of lead, 10 parts of oxide of copper, and 30 parts of phosphate of lime
precipitate.
9. Composition of a brilliant dark color.-3,000 parts of the colorless base;
20 parts of phosphate of iron, and 10 parts of borax.
10. Composition of a white color.-450 parts of the colorless base, 280 parts
of chalk, or 50 parts of phosphate of lime precipitate, and 5 parts of boric
acid.
11. Composition of a bronze color.-680 parts of the colorless base, 20 parts
of cyanide of iron, 10 parts of arsenite of copper, 10 parts of carbonate of soda,
and 5 parts of minium.
12. Composition of an olive color.-300 parts of the colorless base, 10 parts
of chloride of mercury, and 10 parts of phosphate of potassium.
The various substances are weighed, broken up, mixed, and placed in a
crucible previously submitted to the action of fire in an oven or furnace. The
crucible is covered with coke, and after a given time, depending upon the weight
of the crucible, it is withdrawn from the fire. The matter fully fused after being
stirred with an iron rod to render it more malleable is run out upon a metal
plate with raised edges and previously heated and allowed to cool, the matter
is next broken, pulverized, and ground up with water, and is now ready for
application. It is spread or applied with more or less water by a brush or by
dipping, or it is sifted over the article. The articles are next baked in a muffle
or stove hermetically closed. The oven is heated with coke, and the gases
should completely surround the muffle. The oven should be heated with wood
where, in the preparation of the composition to complete the grinding, fat oils
have been used to render it more supple.
In order to obtain all possible shades the same result is attained by the
means hereafter explained. The substances are ground to powder with
turpentine and spread with copal varnish. A first coat of the base ground
with water is applied; it is allowed to dry without being fired. A second coat
of the color prepared with oil or fatty matter is applied and allowed to
dry. The article is then baked, and to obtain a better glaze a coat of the
colorless base may be applied over all either before or after baking.
As minium has a tendency to dissolve too rapidly, to precipitate without mixing,
and to spread over the bottom of and crack the crucible, it may be dispensed
with in the composition of the colorless base, and the base may be formed of

page_text: the following ingredients:-1,360 parts of crystal or glass, 180 parts of potass,
400 parts of borax, and 400 parts of carbonate of soda; or 680 parts of crystal
or glass, 160 parts of tartar, 80 parts of nitre, and 200 parts of borax.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself to the
particular proportions herein-before stated of the ingredients of my compo-
sitions, and that I claim the various compositions formed substantially as
herein-before described for protecting metals and metallic articles from oxida..
tion, and for coating slate, bricks, pottery, and ceramic ware,
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of December One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.