IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE STOVES.
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Doulton and Wilton Parker Rix, both of the
Lambeth Pottery, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, for an Invention of
LETTERS PATENT to Henry Doulton and Wilton Parker Rix, both of the
Lambeth Pottery, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CLOSE STOVES.'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Doulton and Wilton
Parker Rix at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January
1881.
HENRY DOULTON, and WILTON PARKER RIX, both of the Lambeth Pottery,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF:
CLOSE STOVES.".
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of close
stoves.
The stove may advantageously be formed of fire clay ware, glazed or unglazed.
It consists of several superposed rings forming chambers.
The lowest of these chambers contains the fire box and ash grate, which may be
closed entirely by tightly fitting doors carrying a valve to regulate the supply of
air to the fire and give a slow combustion, or the stove may be otherwise heated
and worked without these additions in the ordinary way.
That part of the lowest chamber not occupied by the fire box forms a receptacle
for air to be heated by contact with the exterior of the fire box, which air may be
supplied from the exterior or interior of the building, as circumstances will
permit.
The heated fumes arising from the fire are conducted through an opening in the
top of the lowest chamber into a second chamber, the connection between the two
being conveniently made by means of a sand luted joint.
The second chamber is supported over the lowest chamber on the top of a
perforated edge or gallery, and the air from the room or building passes through
the perforations between the top of the lowest and the bottom of the second
chamber. The air so entering becoming heated rises (with the other heated air
brought from below) through an air shaft carried up the centre of the second
chamber.

page_text: This air shaft communicates with a second perforated gallery above, also open to
the air of the room.
In the interior of the second chamber is also fixed a diaphragm so arranged as
to cause the heated fumes to pass around the interior of the chamber before finding
an exit.
A series of chambers similar to the second, as many as may be convenient, can be
placed over it, the heated fumes circulating within through the whole series until
they reach the flue. The air passing in at the various perforations becomes warmed
and rises up the air shaft, and escapes into the room through openings provided at
the top of the stove.
The parts of the stove can be readily separated and removed, and the number of
chambers can be increased at pleasure according to the size of the space to be
heated.
Or the fire box is built up of a number of vertical sections containing air
passages, and arranged round to enclose it. These sections are of such a form that
when brought together at their longitudinal edges they enclose spaces forming
channels parallel to the air passages by which the fumes from the fire pass. These
smoke channels are connected at the top with the interior of the fire box, and at
the bottom with a smoke flue which has an exit to the chimney. While the
smoke passes down these channels formed between the air pipes, air being
introduced through openings at the base, passes upward through the air pipes, and
out at openings at top into the room or space to be heated. The fire can be fed
from the front or from the top.
The sections may be of any number sufficient to enclose the fire, and may be of
any fire standing material. The fire may be conducted either up or down the fire
channels.
Or the stove is divided into four longitudinal chambers by plates or diaphragms
laid across the interior of the stove. In the lowest section is contained the fire box,
and at the back of this an air chamber having an opening below from the outer air
and an opening above leading the air into the second section or chamber. The
second section has a pipe passing through it, which leads the smoke and fumes
from the fire box into the third section. The third section has an air pipe passing
through it, which conducts the hot air from section 2 into section 4, which last
section has openings perforated to allow the heated air to escape in to the room.
Section 3 has also an opening which allows the smoke to pass into the chimney.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Doulton and William Barker Rix in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th July 1881.
HENRY DOULTON and WILTON PARKER RIX, both of the Lambeth Pottery,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CLOSE STOVES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of close
stoves.
The stove may advantageously be formed of fire clay ware glazed or unglazed.
It consists of several superposed rings forming chambers.
The lowest of these chambers contains the fire box and ash grate, which may be
closed entirely by tightly fitting doors carrying a valve to regulate the supply of
air to the fire and give a slow combustion, or the stove may be otherwise heated
and worked without these additions in the ordinary way.
That part of the lowest chamber not occupied by the fire box forms a receptacle
for air to be heated by contact with the exterior of the fire box, which air may
be supplied from the exterior or interior of the building as circumstances will
permit.
The heated fumes arising from the fire are conducted through an opening in the
top of the lowest chamber into a second chamber, the connection between the two
being conveniently made by means of a sand luted joint.
The second chamber is supported over the lowest chamber on the top of a
perforated edge or gallery, and the air from the room or building passes through
the perforations between the top of the lowest and the bottom of the second
chamber. The air so entering becoming heated rises (with the other heated air
brought from below) through an air shaft carried up the centre of the second
chamber.
This air shaft communicates with a second perforated gallery above also open to
the air of the room.
In the interior of the second chamber is also fixed a diaphragın so arranged as to
cause the heated fumes to pass around the interior of the chamber before finding
an exit.
A series of chambers similar to the second, as many as may be convenient, can be
placed over it, the heated fumes circulating within through the whole series until
they reach the flue. The air passing in at the various perforations becomes warmed
and rises up the air shaft, and escapes into the room through openings provided at
the top of the stove.
The parts of the stove can be readily separated and removed, and the number of
chambers can be increased at pleasure according to the size of the space to be
heated.
The stove described above is represented by Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the annexed
Drawings.
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section; Figures 2 and 3 are horizontal
sections taken respectively on the lines A, A, and B, B, in Figure 1, and Figure 4
is a vertical section on the line C, C, in Figure 2.
a and a¹ are two rings or pieces together constituting the lower chamber of the
stove, which is for convenience made in two parts. The fire box is constructed
within this chamber; it is enclosed by the side slabs a², a², and the back a²*, and
in front are the doors a³, a³; a* is the fire grate; a³ is a grating in front of the
fire, and a is a drawer for ashes. A limited amount of air to support combustion.
is admitted by a regulator in the bottom door; a' is a space surrounding the fire

page_text: box, and to this space when convenient air may be admitted from the exterior of
the building; or in other cases the air of the room may be permitted to enter it.
The air so entering the space a7 issues by apertures in the top of the piece a¹ on
either side of the fire box; b, b, are the intermediate chambers of the stove; these
are similar the one to the other, and the number employed may be varied. The
lower chamber b is supported upon the top of a gallery as formed around the top
of the piece a'. There is an opening in the top of a¹ for the escape of the products
of combustion from the fire box, and this opening. corresponds with an opening in
the bottom of the chamber b., This latter, opening is surrounded by a ring or
flange b' projecting downwards; and entering a sand trough a by which a'smoke
tight joint is made; 62 is a central passage through the chamber b by which the
air ascending from the lower chamber and entering by the perforations in the
gallery as is able to pass up within the stove. The products of combustion
entering by the bottom of the chamber b escape by the opening 63 in the top of the
chamber; b is a partition within the chamber b compelling the products of
combustion to pass around the chamber on their way from the inlet at the bottom
to the outlet at the top; 65 is a sand trough upon the top of the chamber 6 similar
to the sand trough a; be is a gallery around the top of the chamber b which
an upper chamber rests. This upper chamber may either be another quite similar
chamber bor a chamber b× slightly differing therefrom, and adapted to be
connected with a chimney at b**. There is no opening 63 in the top of the
chamber bx, but except as stated it resembles the chambers b. The stove is closed
at the top by a cover c. The current of warmed air ascending the central air shaft
issues from the apertures in the gallery of the uppermost chamber of the stove, or
there may be apertures in the cover.
upon
In some cases we vary the form of this stove in such manner as to permit of
the fire being continuously and automatically fed from an upright shaft rising from
the top of the fire box, and containing a store of fuel.
Figures 5 and 6 are vertical sections of such a stove, and Figures 7, 8, and 9 are
horizontal sections. The latter sections are taken respectively on the lines a, a,
b, b, and c, c, in Figures 5 and 6, and the former are taken respectively on the
lines d, d, and e, e, in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The central air trunk of the stove is here made of such large diminsions that it
can receive the fuel shaft d within it. The fuel shaft is adapted to the top of the
fire box with a sand joint, and at its other or upper end it is closed air tight by a
cover. There are some other differences in the details of construction of this stove;
the form as seen in plan is approximately hexagonal. The fire box sections are
somewhat differently arranged, and the back of the fire box is a moulded piece
containing the outlet passage within it, and provided with a sand trough for
forming a joint with the section above. The sections b are formed with the outlet
flue passage vertically over the inlet, and the partition is placed obliquely to
correspond. Also to avoid increase in the general dimensions of the stove the
parts in which the flue passages are contained are permitted to project to some
extent, thereby breaking the regularity of the hexagonal form; in all other material
respects this stove is similar to that shown by the Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Also according to our Invention we construct stoves in the manner following:-
The fire box is built up of a number of vertical sections containing air passages,
and arranged round to enclose it. These sections are of such a form that when
brought together at their longitudinal edges they enclose spaces forming channels
parallel to the air passages, by which the fumes from the fire pass. These smoke
channels are connected at the top with the interior of the fire box, and at the
bottom with a smoke flue, which has an exit to the chimney. While the smoke
passes down these channels formed between the air pipes, air being introduced
through openings at the base passes upward through the air pipes, and out at
openings at top into the room or space to be heated. The fire can be fed from the
front or from the top. The sections may be of any number sufficient to enclose

page_text: the fire, and may be of any fire standing material. The fire may be conducted
either up or down the fire channels.
Figure 10 is an elevation partly in section of a stove of this construction in
which the draft in the smoke passages is in a downward direction; Figure 11 is
an horizontal section of this stove taken on the line a, a, in Figure 10.
a is the base supporting the bottom section b of the stove, in the centre of which
there is an ash receptacle b'. Around the centre cavity is the annular smoke
chamber 6, which is connected with the chimney by a passage at the side. c is
the fire grating supported upon the bottom section b; the vertical sections d, d,
also stand upon the section b; they surround the fife grating, and enclose the fire
box all round excepting at the front, where are the doors e, e, giving access to the
fire. The sections d, d, contain air passages d', 'd, and they fit together so as to
enclose other passages d², d², for the smoke or products of combustion. ff, is the
top or head of the stove; it has channels moulded in it by which the products of
combustion can pass from the fire box or central space into the passages d², d², and
also other channels which serve as outlets for the air ascending the passages d', d';
the air enters the passages d¹ by the channels 63, 63, in the bottom section b; it is
warmed in ascending these passages and then escapes into the room, as already
described. In the bottom section b there are also other channels coinciding with
the descending smoke passages d², and putting them into communication with the
smoke chamber 62 and with the chimney.
In some cases, as already stated, we vary the construction of these stoves so that
the draft may be upward in the smoke passages.
Figure 12 is an elevation, partly in section, of a stove so constructed; Figures 13
and 14 are sections, the former taken on the line b, b, in Figure 14, and the latter,
one half on the line c, c, and the other half on the line d, d, in Figure 12. The
section in Figure 12 is taken on the line a, a, in Figure 14.
In this stove the fire box receives a closely fitting cover of metal or other fire
standing material at the top. The side sections d, d, at the lower part are moulded
with channels to admit the products of combustion from the fire box into the
ascending passages d², d². The bottom section b is formed with an annular
chamber 6x, which is perforated around the sides for the admission of air, and has
openings in the top corresponding to the air passages d', d', in the side sections d.
The top or head f is annular, and receives a perforated cover fl through which the
warmed air escapes into the apartment, channels being moulded in the section f to
permit the air ascending the passages d¹ to issue beneath the cover. The top or
head falso has a flue passage f2 moulded in it, and there are also channels by
which the smoke passes from the ascending smoke passages d², d² into the flue
passage f; communication is made from the flue passage f2 with a chimney.
We also, according to our Invention, construct stoves on another system of a
casing divided into chambers by transverse plates or diaphragms.
The stove is divided into, say, four longitudinal chambers by plates or diaphragms
laid across the interior of the stove. In the lowest section is contained the fire
box, and at the back of this an air chamber having an opening below from the
outer air and an opening above leading the air into the second section or chamber.
The second section has a pipe passing through it which leads the smoke and fumes
from the fire box into the third section. The third section has an air pipe passing
through it which conducts the hot air from section 2 into section 4, which last
section has openings perforated to allow the heated air to escape in to the
room; section 3 has also an opening which allows the smoke to pass into the
chimney.
Figure 15 is a vertical section of a stove of this construction; Figure 16 is an
horizontal section taken on the line b, b, in Figure 15%; and Figure 17 is an
horizontal section taken on the line c, c, in Figure 15. The line a, a, in Figures 16
and 17 is that on which the section represented by Figure 15 is taken.
a, a, is the base of the stove, and b, b, its outer casing; c, c, c; are three interior
plates or diaphragms by which the interior of the body of the stove is divided into

page_text: separate chambers; d is a vertical partition dividing off the fire box e from an air
chamber at the back; air has free admission from the room to this chamber by
the openings f¹; g, g, g, are the doors by which access is given to the fire; h is the
grating which supports the fire. The second section or chamber i of the stove is
an air chamber, and is in communication with the chamber f by the passage f²;
jis a pipe passing through the section i of the stove and conducting the products
of combustion from the fire box into the third section or chamber .. This is a
smoke chamber and is in connection with a chimney by a passage k¹. The upper-
most section of the stove again forms an air chamber, and it communicates with
the air chamber i by the pipe m. The air heated by its passage upwards through
the stove escapes into the room by the apertures .
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, we would have it understood that we claim :-
First. The construction of close stoves with a series of separate superposed rings
or sections forming chambers and containing smoke and air passages, substantially
as described in respect to Figures 1 to 9 of the annexed Drawings.
Second. The construction of a close stove with the fire box enclosed by sections
containing and fitting together to form upright passages for the conveyance of
smoke and air, substantially as described in respect to Figures 10 to 14 of the
annexed Drawings.
Third. The construction of close stoves with chambers one over the other, the
alternate chambers being connected into separate systems for the passage of smoke
and air, substantially as described in respect to Figures 1 to 9, and 15, 16, and 17
of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Wilton Parker Rix, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
HENRY DOULTON.
Per H. L. Doulton.
W. P. RIX.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)