Improvements in Apparatus for Use in. Circulating Water or other Substance for Heating Railway Carriages, Signal Cabins, Yachts, Dwelling Houses, and other Structures, and in Spanners to be Used in Connection therewith.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 14th June, 1887.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in. Circulating Water or other
Substance for Heating Railway Carriages, Signal Cabins, Yachts,
Dwelling Houses, and other Structures, and in Spanners to be
Used in Connection therewith.
I, JOHN KING of 24 Benson Street, Liverpool, Heating Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
To any part of an apparatus for circulating water or other substance for heating
purposes I fix or attach as a Compensator and Fill-pipe by means of a Tee-piece or
otherwise a Reservoir, Cylinder, or Tube of larger diameter than that through which
the water or other liquid in the Apparatus is circulated. If a tube, which I prefer, be
used I reduce one end to the same size as that of the branch of the Tee-piece to which
it is attached, and I screw one end of the branch of the Tee-piece with a right-hand
thread and the end of the Compensator with a left hand thread or, vice versa, and
couple them together with a coupling tapped right and left hand threads to correspond
with the threads on the ends of the Tee-piece and Compensator; but if it be found
necessary or desirable in some cases to use a closed Cylinder or Tank it may be
connected to the tubes of the Apparatus by means of a piece of piping and couplings
in which case I fix a short length of pipe at or near the top of the cylinder with a
plug or cap thereon; the other end of the tube I also reduce to a small size, say about
one and a quarter inches in diameter, so as to enable the Compensator to be very
readily and perfectly closed by means of a plug or cap. In the making of the joints
I run the coupling on both threads at once and for this purpose in order to secure
absolute tightness I use Spanners or Tongs of a special construction to pull up the
couplings or plugs and to hold the tubes. The Spanners or Tongs are made of steel,
or cast steel, but they may be made of other metal or metals, combination of Metals,
or alloys, each with a handle two-feet six inches long or thereabouts and with jaws or
a fork at the end of a size conveniently to admit of the couplings or tube for which it
is intended to be used. The jaws are of unequal lengths, and the longest one is
provided with a moveable tooth, placed in a hole, made in the jaw to receive it, and
the jaws are placed in a position in relation to the handle, best calculated to give the

page_text: greatest power, and to catch and hold the coupling or tube, and release it at once
when desired. The tooth of the Spanner is male of tempered steel, and when worn
or broken, may be removed, and sharpened, or replaced by a new one at a trifling
cost; it may however be made of other kinds of steel, metal or alloys. I do not
confine myself to the foregoing description of Spanner absolutely for it is obvious that
it might be made with jaws of equal lengths and with one or more than one tooth
placed in either or both jaws and of the same or of different sizes, to suit different
sized piping or couplings. In an ordinary arrangement of an apparatus the filling
pipe is no larger, but frequently much less, than the tubes forming the apparatus, and
there is, therefore, no reserve supply of water to replace that natural waste which
takes place in process of working; by my invention this defect is remedied by a tube
of three inches in diameter or thereabouts which is used, as a combined compensator
and filling pipe, for an apparatus constructed of tubes of one and a quarter inches in
diameter or thereabouts. There would be no circulation of water through it and as
the supply of water circulating through the tubes of the apparatus became short, that
which the compensator contained would be drawn down and into circulation: its place
being taken by the air or the gas liberated from the water. I prefer to make the
length of the compensator sufficient, to extend from below the level, to above the level
of the Boiler or Coil forming the Heater, up to the
proper level in the space allowed
for the expansion of the water, or other liquid, but it may be of shorter length, with
a piece of piping connected at either end or both ends.
In the accompanying drawings my said invention is illustrated:-Fig. 1. is a
diagram showing position of compensator:-a, is the compensator, b, is the cap or
plug for closing the compensator and fill pipe; c, is the tee piece connecting the
compensator to the apparatus; d, is the boiler or furnace; e, is the tube for expansion;
f, is the flow pipe of the apparatus; g, is the return pipe; h, is the smoke flue.
Fig. 2. shews the head or fork of a spanner or tong; a, is the tooth inserted in the
head or fork; b, is the head; c, is the handle.
Fig. 3. shews a tooth for use in a spanner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The application of one or more compensators and fill pipes combined as herein
described, to Hot Water Heating Apparatuses.
2. The design and construction of the Spanner or Tong.
3. The angle of the jaws in relation to the handle.
4. The moveable steel or other tooth or teeth as described, used in the making of
the joints thereof, and its application for other purposes.
Dated this 10th day of Annil 1007