IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Chadwick, of Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, Tin Plate Worker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATORS."
Sealed the 28th May 1858, and dated the 26th February 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Chadwick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1858.
I, WILLIAM CHADWICK, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Tin Plate
Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VENTILATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improving the ventilation of dwelling houses,
churches, chapels, and manufactories or other buildings, by means of a
revolving spiral vane or worm working in a case and attached to a spindle,
which is supported in any convenient part of the chimney, or flue, or roof of
the building to be ventilated. . In some cases two or more vanes or worms
may be used to the same ventilator. The case in which the vane or worm is
placed may be surmounted by a hood with vanes and perforations of the
ordinary construction; this hood when used is attached to the spindle of the
.worm.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Chadwick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CHADWICK, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Tin Plate Worker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Chadwick, Her special licence that I, the said William Chad-
wick, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Chadwick, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Chadwick, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Chadwick, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
The nature of my Invention of improvements in ventilators consists in an
improved mode of constructing and applying revolving spiral vanes or worms
to the chimneys, flues, or roofs of dwelling houses, churches, chapels, manu-
factories, ships, and railway carriages, or other buildings, for the purpose of
improving the ventilation thereof.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon:-
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section, and Figure 2 a plan, of my

page_text: improved ventilator; the Drawing represents a ventilator suitable for a
chimney top. a is the case to which are fixed the foot step b, and the bearings
c, supporting the spindle d; to this spindle are fixed the vanes or worm e, and
the hood f, which is of the usual construction, having vanes and perforations
as shewn in Figure 1. The Drawing represents a ventilator with four vanes e,
but I wish it to be understood that a greater or less number of vanes may be
used according to the size of the ventilator, and the purpose for which it is
intended. The mode of operation is as follows:-As soon as a fire is lighted
in the fire-place in connection with the chimney or flue furnished with my
improved ventilator, the heat of the fire rarifies the air in the chimney and
causes an ascending draft, which draft or current of air, acting on the vanes e,
causes them to rotate; the action of the wind on the vanes of the hood tends
also to make the hood f revolve, and as the hood and the vanes are both fixed
to the spindle d, it is evident that the combined action of the two keeps the
vanes in motion. The effect of this rotary motion is to draw the smoke up
the chimney, thereby effectually preventing the accumulation of soot in the
chimney, or on the vanes of the ventilator. When these improved ventilators
are used to supply fresh air and remove vitiated air from apartments or
buildings, or from the holds of ships, I apply two ventilators furnished with
vanes, which are inclined in contrary directions, so that when the ventilators
revolve, one of them supplies fresh air, while the other removes or carries off
the vitiated air. In large apartments or buildings several ventilators may be
applied. I would also remark that the fresh air instead of being forced into
the apartment or building by a ventilator as above described may be supplied
through any suitable openings.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First, the improved mode of constructing ventilators as described.
And, secondly, the application of ventilators having vanes or worms, which
are inclined in contrary directions to supply fresh air, and remove vitiated air
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Chadwick, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
WILLIAM CHADWICK. (L.S.)