IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL, TUBES AND CYLINDERS to be as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: I FRANK ELMORE (Francis Edward) of 359 Clapham Road in the County of
Surrey, Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL, TUBES AND CYLINDERS to be
as follows:-
"
This invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of metal
tubes and cylinders and to further improvements upon the invention set out under
the specifications of applications for Letters Patent made by me No 1737 dated
the 7th day of February 1885 and No 4499 dated the 11th April 1885.
Copper tubes are now made by placing a cast block or cylindric piece of copper
upon a mandril and then drawing the block and mandril through successive and
reducing draw plates or dies until the copper block or cylindric piece covers the
mandril and is brought to a tube of the size desired.
The object of this invention is to economise time and expense in the drawing
process in the manufacture of such tubes and to obtain such tubes of better quality
and this is effected as follows:-
The cylindric piece of copper or brass or other metal to be dealt with, is according
to this invention brought upon the mandril core or rod by electro-deposition to
thickness as required in substantially the manner as set forth under the specifications
of my said Patents before referred to but said cylindric copper piece is produced
upon the core mandril or rod of greater length than is practicable under the
process hitherto in vogue but is not effected upon the whole length of the core or
mandril and by this means and consequent upon the greater length of the copper
piece or sleeve to be manipulated the successive operations of drawing out the tube
will be less than has hitherto been practicable and the quality of copper is finer
and more uniform than can be obtained by the old process of casting the block or
cylindric piece of copper.
To further particularize:-The core mandril or rod having the deposited copper
piece or sleeve thereon is passed through a draw plate or die which will lengthen
out the copper so as to cover the whole length of the mandril and bring the whole
to a uniform section and render it to a smooth and bright surface and at same
077

page_text: time so loosen the sleeve upon the core, mandril or rod as to allow of the said core,
mandril, or rod being removed when the tube is finished.
Or to produce the tube or cylinder, the copper may be deposited as before
described and the mandril or core be mounted in a lathe (where if necessary it may
bave a cut taken off) and a small roller is to be pressed against the copper sleeve
piece in its longitudinal direction which will have the effect of expanding the
metal and forming the tube or cylinder required.
Or the mandril with its deposited metal sleeve may be taken as it leaves the
depositing bath and be employed as one of a pair of rolls and be rotated in close
longitudinal surface contact with the other roll of the pair (a burnished steel or
iron roll) which will have the effect of expanding the sleeve of deposited metal.
Or the mandril with its deposit may be beaten with mallets to loosen the parts
or be placed on a wooden vibrating table as at present practiced for loosening cast
drawn tubes from their mandril.
The tubes so produced can then be passed through a draw plate or other device
to straighten surface and finish the same and the ends be finished as desired.
To make lengths of corrugated tube for steam boilers condensers or heating
apparatus and so forth a core piece is prepared with a screw formed series of
corrugations, or a spiral so that the deposit of copper may be brought thereon as
before described for forming the tubes and after the deposited portion has been
duly treated the core will be loosened and screwed out from the so formed tube.
Dated this 18th day of July 1885

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Metal Tubes and
Cylinders.
I FRANK ELMORE (Francis Edward) of 359 Clapham Road in the county of
Surrey Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of metal
tubes and cylinders and to further improvements upon the invention set out under
the specifications of applications for Letters Patent made by me N° 1737 dated
the 7th day of February 1885 and No 4499 dated 11th April 1885.
29
Copper tubes are now principally made by casting a block or cylindric piece of
copper, boring or turning the same, and placing it upon a mandril, these blocks
being known in the trade as "uses "and the nose or end of the "use " is beaten
down over the shoulder of the mandril to form a retaining collar of the "use
which binds around the shoulder of the mandril to prevent the copper being pulled
off the mandril during the process of drawing. The "use" and mandril is then
drawn through successive and reducing draw plates or dies with frequent annealings
until the copper block or cylindric piece covers the mandril, and is brought to a
tube of the size required. I am aware that it has been proposed to manufacture
copper tubes by the combination of the processes of electro-deposition and drawing
down by rollers or dies and therefore I do not claim that per se.
The cylindric piece of copper or brass or other metal to be dealt with is according
to this invention deposited upon the mandril core or rod by electro deposition to
the thickness required in substantially the manner set forth under the speci-
fications of my said patents before referred to, but so that the metal deposited
forms a collar or turned down lip over the shoulder or end of the mandril as
hereinafter more particularly described.
In the drawings annexed hereto Fig. 1 is a side view of a mandril a with the
cylindric piece of metal b brought thereon by electro-deposition ready for the
drawing process, and said mandril is shewn with a centre axle c thereto which may
be part of the mandril or be capable of being removed as required. This axle c
(movable or not) is provided for the subsequent process of mounting the mandril
with the drawn tube or cylinder thereon for treatment in finishing the same tube
or cylinder and in the process of removing the tube from the mandril by surface
rollers as will be further described.
The cylindric piece b may be deposited upon greater length of the mandril a
Fig. 1 than is shown.
Figs. 2 and 3 represent a mandril made in parts that is the part a is removable
from the continuation piece a¹ which said piece al has a reduced end a fitted with
screw nut d for holding the two parts of the mandril together during the process
but allowing of the parts to be readily separated.
The mandril portion a upon which is shown the cylindric piece b will occupy
much less space in the depositing bath than would the whole mandril and greater

page_text: quantity of work can be done at one time. The axle c is removable and provided
as required in the subsequent treatment.
In Fig. 4 is shown a length of corrugated tube as made according to this
invention for steam boilers condensers or heating or cooling apparatus and so forth.
The core piece or mandril is prepared with a screw formed series of corrugations
or a spiral so that the deposit of copper may be brought thereon as before
described, or as described in the specification of my prior application No 4499
dated 11th April 1885 the cores may be made of metal having a varying degree of
expansion at different temperature to that of the deposited metal. These corru-
gated tubes or cylinders may according to the said prior patent be made with
flanged ends as required.
To remove the mandril or core from either the straight drawn cylinder or tube
or from the corrugated lengths of tube according to this invention the mandril or
core is mounted on its axle c or will be mounted in a lathe so as to have a motion
communicated thereto and a roller or edge runner mounted in a holder and free to
turn is to be pressed against the deposited and drawn or deposited and finished
tube or sleeve piece and be traversed from end to end of the tube or cylinder which
will expand the deposited metal so as to free the same from the mandril or core.
This surface contact pressure for freeing the mandril or cores or cylinders and
tubes may be effected by a cylinder or roll (burnished steel or iron roll) or rolls
mounted or rotated in longitudinal surface contact with the electro-deposited
cylinder or tube the rolls being mounted and rotated as pairs or as sets so there
will be thus effected the expanding of the depositing metal-Such rolls must
however have corresponding grooves or corrugations or projections corresponding
to the deposited tubes or cylinders.
The known process of freeing the mandril may however be used that is by
beating with wooden mallets or by the employment of a wooden vibrating table
upon which the mandril with the so formed tube or cylinder will be placed, and
be vibrated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and particulars of
my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare
that what I claim is :-
Firstly. The manufacture of tubes substantially as herein described and illus-
trated in the drawings annexed by employing a divided mandril such as a a¹ and
a deposited length of copper as b which is extended and made to cover the part of
the mandril previously uncovered.
Secondly. The use in the manufacture of tubes or cylinders by electro-deposition
of metal and the drawing process of a mandril such as a with axle c the said
mandril with the formed tube or cylinder being mounted and rotated in surface
contact with a roller or roll or rolls so as to free the tube or cylinder from the
mandril as herein set forth.
Thirdly. The manufacture of corrugated or spiral tubes or cylinders flanged or
not as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fourthly. In the manufacture of tubes and cylinders by electro-deposition of
metal and the drawing process the mandril constructed of the parts a a¹ a² attachi-
able and removable as and for the purpose herein set forth.
WALTER A. BARLOW,
Applicant's Agent.