A SMOKE AND HOT AIR CONDUCTOR
Year: 1884

page_text: DAVID RAINÉ Draper 355 Bolton Road Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster
do hereby declare the nature of the above invention for A SMOKE AND HOT AIR
CONDUCTOR to be as follows:
. .:
1.1
J
In describing the above, I may say that the invention is the result of many
years study and experiment. And I claim to have made an Important Scientific
Discovery.
The Smoke and Hot Air Conductor consists of a system of pipes or flues so
arranged, that instead of the smoke from a fire taking a direct upward course and
out at the chimney, it can be made after it has gone a certain distance upwards in
one flue, to pass down another flue, and up again in a third. For instance, I fix an
ordinary fire grate, in the centre, or any other part of a room. the Flue which I
shall call No 1 consists of a range of pipes securely fastened together at the ends,
of a given size say 9th × 9th. This flue to be fixed over the grate, in an upright
position for receiving the smoke, the height for this to go must be determined by
the height of the room or building.
No 2 Flue is for the smoke to pass down, and must be connected to No. 1 at the
top, by a semicircular bend, the length from top to bottom of No. 2 flue to be
determined by the requirements of the draught.
No. 3 flue is for the Smoke to pass up after it leaves No. 2 and must be connected
at the bottom 'with No 2 with a bend as before. This flue can be connected at the
top with a chimney, and if the chimney has an ordinary good draught, you may
light a fire and the smoke will pass up and down the flues as if it took a direct
upward 'course.
As a proof of this I may say that I have had a fire burning for a number of days
in an attic, which I use as a workshop the smoke pases up No. 1 flue as high as
the room will allow, then it passes down No. 2 flue, which is carried into the room
below, ten feet below the fire, and then up No. 3 flue, which I connect with a
chimney, and as far as I have been able to prove the longer the flues the keener
the draught.
Such is a general description of the Smoke and Hot Air Conductor. There are
a number of details which I have not fully worked out. The two leading ideas with
me has been, how to utilize the heat which escapes up our chimneys
"which
Sir Wm. Armstrong says amounts to nearly 9/10 of the heat which is contained in
coal" and, how to get rid of the smoke,

page_text: No. 2 flue acts as a seive to separate the smoke from the heat, so that nearly all
the heat from a fire may be utilized instead of the greater part going up the
chimney, and by lighting a fire on the ground floor in an ordinary sized house and
passing the flues up and down the rooms, the heat from that fire would be utilized
to warm the whole house.
Engine fires where a great heat is required for producing steam the Conductor
would effect a great saving in fuel, of course a re-construction of the Boiler would be
required. The present system of a boiler from 30 to 50 feet in length, fixed in a
longitudinal position, with a tall chimney at the end of it, being about the most
wasteful one that could be devised.
->
By constructing a boiler so that the flues could pass up and down it, we get the
maximum of heat with the minimum of waste. A small blast might be required to
regulate the heat but the cost of that would be a trifle in comparison to the amount
saved. Where a great heat is maintained as in the case of engine fires, the greater
part of the smoke would be consumed in its passage through the flues.
Having thus far described the Conductor as to its heat saving qualities, I will
.now describe how it may be applied for the purpose of doing away with the smoke
nuisance.
°
Whether a system of underground draughts can be arranged to carry off the
smoke of our large towns and cities something in the same way as sewage is dealt
with, I dont know. If that could be done by creating draughts strong enough to
collect it together, and destroy it, either by the action, of fire or water, we should
soon. see an end of the smoke nuisance and chimneys would cease to exist as there
would be no more work for them to do.
The subject has long occupied my mind and whilst I beleive that it is possible so
to dispose of the smoke nuisance, I have at present no means of ascertaining as to
how far it would be practical. .
If the experiments of underground draughts were tried and proved to be practical,
by the use of compressed Air machines and other appliances, the underground
draughts not being required to be much below the surface, Then, the Conductor
could be applied by carrying the No. 2 flue low enough, so that the No. 3 could
empty itself into the underground draught. we should then be within a measurable
distance of accomplishing what must appear to all to be a very desireable result.
In conclusion it will be seen that my invention contemplates dealing with the
whole subject of coal burning, and the removal of the smoke nuisance, and whilst
the difficulties are many and seem insurmountable, I beleive they will disappear as
we approach them with determination, and perseverance, and although to speak
about London or Manchester existing without a chimney to be seen, inay appear
to be utopian, yet as in the case of sewage that which can be accomplished on a
small scale is equally capable and more so of being accomplished on a larger one.
: Dated this 141. JT...: 1001

page_text: I DAVID RAINE of 255 Bolton Road, Over Darwen in the county of Lancaster,
Draper, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for." A SMOKE AND
HOT AIR CONDUCTOR," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is by my smoke and hot air conductor, to utilize
what is now considered waste heat from the consumption of fuel in domestic fires,
stovės, steam, boilers and other furnaces, also to burn and purify the smoke arising
therefrom and also to dispense with the mill chimneys now in use,
Fig 1 is an elevation in section of a house shewing my smoke and hot air
conductor applied thereto, the fire being in the top room or attic.
Fig 2 is an elevation in section of a house shewing my smoke and hot air
conductor applied thereto the fire being in the bottom room.
Fig 3 shews my invention applied for carrying off the smoke from steam boiler or
other furnaces to a chimney or to a general main shaft or tunnel connected to
chimneys outside a town, so dispensing with the numerous chimneys now employed.
Fig 1. A is a fire place or stove of any description sufficiently closed above the
fire at B to give the required draught according to the construction and height of
the chimney C. D are the conductor pipes which are suitably jointed the pipes
pass upwards then downwards into the room or rooms below, then upwards to the
chimney at E, forming a syphon or double syphon as required, the greater portion
of the smoke is burnt in the pipes, producing extra heat with which the room or
rooms below are heated, by this arrangement the smoke and heat circulate freely
through the syphon and pass into the ordinary chimney greatly condensed and
purified.
>
•
Fig 2, A is the fire on the ground floor or bottom room, C is the chimney and D
are the conductor pipes, which heat the rooms in the upper stories of the house and
burn the smoke as before described.
Fig 3. A is a vertical boiler with syphon or double syphon conductor flues, or
pipes D, so consuming most of the smoke and utilizing all the heat therefrom, by
thus constructing the flues of the boiler on the syphon principle I obtain a
maximum of heat with a minimum of smoke, the smoke left unconsumed passes
out at the top of the boiler and away in the conductor either to an ordinary
chimney or to a smoke shaft underground connected to one general shaft or tunnel
which is constructed to carry off the whole of the smoke of the furnaces in the
town to chimneys some distance out of the town constructed so as to give the
necessary draught, or if needed a blast may be used at any convenient point to
create the required draught,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The use and employment of smoke and hot air conductors for consuming the
smoke and utilizing the waste heat from domestic fires, stoves, steam boilers and
other furnaces with or without
without chimneys as shewn and described.
14
"
... be
47