Improvements in Spinning, Doubling, Twisting, or Winding. Hemp and other Vegetable Fibres, and in Means or Apparatus employed therein.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spinning, Doubling, Twisting, or Winding. Hemp
and other Vegetable Fibres, and in Means or Apparatus employed
therein.
A communication from abroad by JAMES PIM STRANGMAN, of Sarno, in the
Province of Salerno, in the Kingdom of Italy, but at present residing at
28, Rue Desbordes Valmore, Paris Passy, France, Gentleman.
I, ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, in the County of
London, Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the process of spinning or winding
and subsequent winding of the manufactured yarn of hemp, flax, jute, China grass,
rhea and other vegetable fibres and has for its object the production of a yarn
of a more uniform quality by improving the spinning qualities of the fibre which
contributes to even drawing, causing a yarn to be produced more free from
"beads" or "snarls" than has hitherto been attained by the ordinary systems
of spinning such fibres, at present in general use; my present invention has also
for its object, when spinning or winding certain classes of yarns, the dispensing
with the reeling process by making a cop of yarn suitable for employment in
weaving, doubling or twisting direct from the bobbin or other form upon which
the yarn has been spin, the yarn when necessary being dried in transit from
the spinning bobbin or form to the cop or winding machine by passing over or
around a heated cylinder or by being passed between a series of heated cylinders,
or by any other well-known or convenient means at present in use for the drying
of similar yarns.
The invention consists in passing the rove through a diluted solution of soap
or a diluted saponaceous mixture I prefer using for my solution, soap made
with vegetable oils, as olive, palm, cotton seed or cocoa nut oils, I place my
solution in the water or liquid trough of the spinning frame and heat the
soap or saponaceous solution to a suitable or the required temperature, by
means of closed steam pipes or by gas or any other efficient known method of
heating.
The rove passes as in spinning by the ordinary methods at present in use
through the solution in the liquid or water trough, of the spinning frame, on its
way to the retaining rollers of said frame, thence to the drawing rollers, and
through the thread plate to the flyer, and on to the bobbin, pirn or other form,
of wood, metal or other suitable material, upon which the yarn is spun, while
passing through the soap or saponaceous solution in the water or liquid trough
of the spinning frame the vegetable or other oils, in said solution, combine with
the natural oil contained in the fibre of the rove in process of being spun, this
natural oil is often deficient in quantity, the alkali contained in the soap solution
emulsifies these combined oils thus improving the spinning qualities of the fibres in
process of being spun. It has however been found by experience that in order
properly or sufficiently to emulsify these oils, an excess of alkali is sometimes
required and that this excess of alkali has a detrimental effect upon the yarn, I
therefore neutralise this excess of alkali, or effect a decomposition of the soap
solution remaining in the rove, by means of a jet drop spray or stream of a highly
diluted acid solution, preferably made from acetic or other vegetable acid, this
stream jet drop or spray being caused to fall upon the rove as it issues from the
water or liquid trough, or any required quantity of this acid solution may be caused
to drop, fall upon or be conveyed to, or upon, the retaining, or upon the drawing
rollers, so that this acid solution is forced into the centre of the rove, by means of

page_text: the pressure of the aforesaid rollers; after leaving or passing from the drawing
rollers the rove passes through the thread plate to the flyer thence to the bobbin
pirn or other form in wood, metal or other suitable material upon which it is spun
or converted into yarn. In order to remove any excess of alkali, oils or acid which
may remain in the yarn being spun and which substances may be considered to
produce a detrimental effect upon the yarn I wash the material upon the bobbin,
pirn or other form whilst in the process of spinning into yarn, this I accomplish by
means of jets, streams or sprays of water or other liquid issuing at a suitable or
efficient pressure from a tube or tubes placed in front of the spindle, say, along or
parallel to the "splash board" of the spinning frame or I place the tube or tubes
at the back of the spindles or a tube or tubes at back and front of the spindles, or
in other desired position horizontal or vertical to effect the object of washing the
yarn whilst in the process of being.spun.
These water or liquid tubes may be made movable, that is to say, so arranged
to follow the building motion of the spinning frame, so that the water or liquid
can be directed against any desired portion of the yarn being spun.
These water tubes may be placed in either a horizontal or vertical position, or be
otherwise conveniently placed.
Dated the 11th day of January 1893.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spinning, Doubling, Twisting, or Winding Hemp
and other Vegetable Fibres, and in Means or Apparatus employed
therein..
A communication from abroad by JAMES PIM STRANGMAN, of Sarno, in the
Province of Salerno, in the Kingdom of Italy, but at present residing at
28, Rue Desbordes Valmore, Paris Passy, France, Gentleman.
1, ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, in the County of
London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
ود
This invention relates to improvements in the process of spinning or winding and
subsequent winding of the manufactured yarn of hemp, flax, jute, China grass, rhen
and other vegetable fibres and has for its object the production of a yarn of a more
uniform quality by improving the spinuing qualities of the fibre which contributes
to even drawing, causing a yarn to be produced more free from "beads" or
"snarls than has hitherto been attained by the ordinary systems of spinning such
fibres, at present in general use, my present invention has also for its object, when
spiuning or winding certain classes of yarns, the dispensing with the reeling process
by making a cop of yarn suitable for employment in weaving doubling or twisting
direct from the bobbin or other form upon which the yarn has been spun, the yarn
when necessary being dried in transit from the spinning bobbin or form to the cop
or winding machine by passing over or around a heated cylinder or by being passed
between a series of heated cylinders, or by any other well known or convenient
means at present in use for the drying of similar yarns.
The invention consists in passing the rove through a diluted solution of soap or
a diluted saponaceous mixture I prefer using for my solution, soap made with
vegetable oils, as olive, palm, cotton seed or cocoa nut oils, a convenient solution
for this purpose may be prepared by adding 8 oz. of such soap to one gallon of
water suitably warmed, I place my solution in the water or liquid trough of the
spinning frame and heat the soap or saponaceous solution to a suitable or the
required temperature, by means of closed steam pipes or by gas or any other
efficient known method of heating.

page_text: The rove passes as in spinning by the ordinary methods at present in use through
the solution in the liquid or water trough, of the spinning frame, on its way to the
retaining rollers of said frame, thence to the drawing rollers, and through the
thread plate to the flyer, and on to the bobbin, pirn or other form, of wood, metal
or other suitable material, upon which the yarn is spun, while passing through the
soap or saponaceous solution in the water or liquid trough of the spinning frame
the vegetable or other oils, in said solution, combine with the natural oil contained
in the fibre of the rove in process of being spun, this natural oil is often deficient
in quantity, the alkali contained in the soap solution emulsifies these combined oils
thus improving the spinning qualities of the fibres in process of being spun. It
has however been found by experience that in order properly or sufficiently to
emulsify these oils, an excess of alkali is sometimes required and that this excess of
alkali has a detrimental effect upon the yarn. I therefore neutralise the excess
of alkali, or effect a decomposition of the soap solution remaining in the rove, by
means of a jet, drop, spray, or stream, of a highly diluted acid solution, preferably
of acetic or other vegetable acid, this stream, jet, drop, or spray, being caused to
fall upon the rove as it issues from the water or liquid trough, or any required
quantity of this acid solution may be caused to drop, fall upon or be conveyed to or
upon the retaining, or upon the drawing rollers, so that this acid solution is forced
into the centre of the rove, by means of the pressure of the aforesaid rollers;
after leaving or passing from the drawing rollers, the rove passes through the
thread plate to the flyer thence to the bobbin pirn or other form in wood, metal or
other suitable material upon which it is spun or converted into yarn.
A convenient strength for the acid solution is constituted by the addition of
1 lb. of commercial acetic acid to 4 gallons of water, using it (say) at a temperature
of about 80° Fah.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The figure shews a section of part of a frame, such as is used in spinning
hemp, or other vegetable fibres, whilst for doubling or twisting the apparatus will
be subject to alteration of parts to fit it to perform the desired operation and to
this ordinary apparatus I have added the improvements described that is to say :-
a is an ordinary water or liquid trough, 6 is the rove passing through it to the
retaining rollers &', 'and thence to the drawing rollers c, c'.
From these rollers the rove passes to the thread plate d and therefrom to the
flyer e or equivalent spinning doubling twisting or winding device and onto a
bobbin e, pirn or other form of support upon which the yarn is wound.
fis à source of supply of highly diluted acid in stream, jet, spray or drops from
which it drops or is delivered into the nip of the rolls b', for pressure into the
rove. is another source of such acid liquor, which may be used if desired for
delivery onto the surface of the roller c'. In order to remove excess of alkali, oils
or acid which may remain in the yarn being spun and which substances may be
considered to produce a detrimental effect upon the yarn I wash the material upon
the bobbin e pirn or other form whilst in the process of spinning into yarn this I
accomplish by means of jets streams or sprays of water or other liquid issuing at a
suitable or efficient pressure from a tube or it may be tubes placed in rear of the
spindles say along or parallel to the "splash board" i of the spinning frame or I
may place the tube or tubes at the back of the spindles or a tube or tubes at back
or at back and front of the spindles or in other desired position horizontal or
vertical to effect the object of washing the yarn whilst in the process of
being spun.
h¹ is a conduit to supply the standards h.
These water or liquid tubes may be made movable, that is to say, so arranged to
follow the building motion of the spinning frame so that the water or liquid can be
directed against any desired portion of the yarn being spun.
These water tubes may be placed in either a horizontal or vertical position or be
otherwise conveniently placed.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I
claim is :-
In the spinning, doubling, twisting or winding of hemp, flax, jute and vegetable
fibres requiring similar treatment.
1. The application of a highly diluted solution of a suitable acid in the form of
stream, jet, drops, or spray, to the rove as it passes from the liquid trough and so
that by the action of the retaining rollers or the drawing rollers or both of sets of
rollers, said acid solution shall be forced into the substance of the rove, as and for
the purpose set forth.
2. The method of and means for effecting the application of washing or other
liquid to the yarn on, or adjacent to, the bobbins, pirns, or other equivalent forms
of support for the same, during the spinning, doubling, or twisting of hemp or
other vegetable fibres, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The application to the rove, as it passes from the liquid trough to the
retaining rollers or the drawing rollers, of a jet, stream, spray or other divided
ferm of supply of highly diluted acid liquor, so that as such rove, is submitted to
the pressure of said rollers, the acidified liquor becomes forced into the texture of
the rove, in combination with the application of and means for applying washing
or cleansing or treating liquid to the yarn being spun, doubled, twisted; or wound
whilst it is adjacent to, or being wound upon the bobbin, pirn, or other equivalent
form of holder, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth and illustrated by
the drawing.
4. The treatment of the rove as it passes through the trough with a diluted
solution of soap or a diluted saponaceous or equivalent liquor (such as indicated
herein) and in a more or less heated state and the application to the rove, as it is
in course of passage from said liquid to the retaining rollers or the drawing rollers
of a suitable jet, stream, drops, or spray of highly diluted acid liquor which by
the pressure of said rollers is driven into the substance of the rove, in combination
with the application of liquid for the purpose of washing or treating the yarn under
manufacture whilst on or adjacent to the bobbin, pirn or equivalent form of support
for same, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated the 20th day of September 1893.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.