Improvements in or connected with Velocipede and Analogous Brakes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1896
Complete Consification Loft 2nd Le 4007
10th Cond
1007
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Velocipede and Analogous
Brakes.
We, ERNEST RICHARD ROYSTON and FREDERICK JOHN PICKERING CHEESBROUGH,
both Engineers, and of 15 Water Street, Liverpool, do hereby declare the nature of
this Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to brakes for velocipedes, and has more particularly
for its object to provide improvements in brakes for velocipedes in which the handle
bars or tubes are bent or curved; it being understood, however, that certain of
the improvements are also, in part cr in whole, applicable to velocipedes having
handle bars which are otherwise formed.
Under one part of this Invention, in a brake or brake mechanism, we employ
a flexible connection, as a cord, chain, or articulated line of connections, or a com-
bination thereof, extending down the handle bar and fork tubes, between a loose
actuating handle on the handle bar, and the braking block or device which is
brought into contact with the tyre, or other part to be braked; while the handle
is adapted to receive rotatory movement on the handle bar by the mere twist or
turn of the wrist, and to be moved longitudinally, through an incline, or part of
a screw (or a complete screw) of comparatively short pitch or inclination (i.e. an
inclination which enables the longitudinal movement to be obtained without undue
friction or power), giving less than the full movement of the brake block required,
by such single turn or twist of the wrist; and in connection with this mechanism
we introduce in said connection, between the actuating part and the brake block
or device, a means or mechanism by which a greater movement of the brake block
or device than that given to the actuating part is obtained, so that a small move-
ment of the actuating part such as can be given to it by the mere play or twist
of the wrist (i.e. a single twist) acting through an incline, can move the brake
block the full required amount, and effect the complete braking action upon the
wheel; which, in the case of pneumatic tyres, is relatively large.
By the mere turning of the loose handle, by the twist or turn of the wrist, say
to the extent of one-fourth or one-third of a revolution, the handle will be moved
horizontally on the handle bar (or a nut or other device connected with it will be
moved), and this, acting through the intermediate connections, and the movement
increasing device or mechanism, imparts to the brake block or device a movement
greater than that of the handle; viz., the full movement required.
In some cases where the movement of the brake block or device is not so large,
or where the inclined or threaded part is disposed and arranged suitably, as here-
after described, the arrangement and combination of parts specified herein may
be employed without the movement increasing means or mechanism, and the
actuating or moving parts adapted to operate the brake block direct, or through
a lever thereon, which may be mounted with its fulcrum suitably placed to give
an increased movement of the block, or a movement equal to that of the
connections.

page_text: In one form of device for moving the handle longitudinally on its tube bar,
the front part of the handle is provided (preferably at as large a radius as possible)
with an inclined edge by which a large nuvement will be given for a given amount
of rotary movement; this incline being adapted to work upon a fixed roller on
the handle bar; and in some cases the ineline is of differential (i.e. not even)
inclination, being steeper or of greater pitch at the part which first comes into
action, and brings the brake into action contact and braking action; and then
beyond this it is of less inclination or pitch, whereby more power is obtained to
overcome the greater resistance when the brake is put "hard on." By this latter
construction also it enables, in many cases, the direct applying of the brake (i.e.
without increasing mechanisms) to be effected in a practical manner, and without
undue power being used, or straining of the parts. In these constructions a
spring may be used to bring the parts back to the normal position, or they may be
moved back by hand. As a modification of this arrangement of actuating parts,
an incline may be provided by making the back edge or end of the handle bar
tube inclined, in connection with which acts a roller or the like on the inside of
the handle at its outer end.
Regarding the movement increasing mechanisms referred to, one form of such
a mechanism consists of a laxy-tongs device, this being placed inside the handle
bar tube, and having one end connected to the brake cord or other connecting
means, and the other fixed, while the handle is connected with one of its joints,
and so that when the handle is moved out, the tongs are drawn together giving
so much increase of movement as there are sets of bars or levers in the device.
Or, in lieu of this a lever with different lengths of arms, or a differential pulley,
may be used.
In some cases the cord or other connections may be placed and work outside
the handle bar and fork tubes, or part one way, and other parts another; in which
case (as also in the "inside" arrangement) the connections would be guided over
pulleys or guides, and supported at the turns and bends in the handle and the
vertical parts.
Another form of such a mechanism consists of a pulley which is fixed and moves
with the handle (say to its end inside), the end of the cord connection being fixed
to the handle bar and passed over the pulley. A modification of this consists of
a pulley or pulleys on the handle, and a pulley or pulleys fixed in the handle bar
tube over which the cord passes. By this a greater amount of movement of the
cord and brake block are effected.
. Another modification or form and arrangement of movement increasing
mechanism consists of a rack and toothed roller pinion working in connection
with it, and disposed within the handle bar tube, one part being held and the other
carried inside the handle. The pinion is small and has connected with it a
larger pulley over which passes, or to which is fastened, the connecting and
actuating cord. By actuating the handle as herein described, the rotation of the
pinion is effected, and an increased movement of the pulley and cord or con-
nection is effected. The rack may be moved and the pinion and wheel fixed; or,
the rack may be fixed and the pinion and wheel moved. As a modification of
this the pinion and wheel may be equal, or nearly equal in size. This, and other
means or mechanisms directly connected with and operating the cord or other con-
nection may, according to this invention, be actuated by a rotary handle as
described, or, they may be actuated by a lever handle such as described, or by
any suitable hand operating means.
In a further modification or arrangement and construction under this Invention,
we arrange and combine with the handle, handle har, and a cord, articulated, or
flexible connections, a lever adjacent to the handle-which is fixed in this case-
and hinged or fulcrumed at or near the inner end of the handle; and from this
point the lever passes through and into the handle bar tube, and to the end the
cord or connection is fastened. The cord passes hence over a pulley in the tube
behind the lever-say in the handle end, or a plug or block held on or in the end

page_text: of the tube, thence to the brake block or parts of the connections therewith; or
it may be passed over this pulley and over a pulley on the lever end as well, when
greater movement of cord or the like is required. In action, by pulling the handle
part of the lever towards the handle with the fingers, the brake is applied by
tension being put upon the cord or connections. The lever may be supported by
an attachable bracket or by a fixed bracket or part on and projecting from the
handle bar tube. In a modification of this arrangement and combination, the
lever may be mounted or fulcrumed at the outer or back end of the handle, and
its end connected directly to the cord passing through the end of the tube; or, it
may operate a pulley at this end, over which the cord is passed, the end of the cord
being fixed at a suitable point. In this case a plug or cap on the tube end will
conveniently support the lever.
In the arrangements thus far described certain specific combinations and dis-
positions of parts have been described, but it is to be stated that, under this Inven-
tion, in these, one or more of the features of one arrangement may be used in
connection with another, and differently combined and disposed according to the
difference in arrangement of the special applications, and to suit different forms
of brakes and velocipedes to which they are applied.
Dated this 22nd day of Santambor 1900
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicants' Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Velocipede and Analogous
Brakes.
We, ERNEST RICHARD ROYSTON and FREDERICK JOIN PICKERING CHEESBROUGH,
both Engineers, and of 15 Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention has reference to brakes for velocipedes, and has more particularly
for its object to provide improvements in brakes for velocipedes in which the handle
bars or tubes are bent or curved; it being understood, however, that certain of
the improvements are also, in part or in whole, applicable to velocipedes having
handle bars which are otherwise formed.
Under one part of this Invention, in a brake or brake mechanism, we employ
a flexible connection, as a cord, chain, or articulated line of connections, or a com-
bination thereof, extending down the handle bar and fork tubes, between a loose
actuating handle on the handle bar, and the braking block device which is
brought into contact with the tyre, or other part to be braked; while the handle
is adapted to receive rotatory movement on the handle bar by the mere twist or
turn of the wrist, and to be moved longitudinally, through an incline, or part of
a screw (or a complete screw) of comparatively short pitch or inclination (i.e. an
inclination which enables the longitudinal movement to be obtained without undue
friction or power), giving less than the full movement of the brake block required,
by such single turn or twist of the wrist; and in connection with this mechanism
we introduce in said connection, between the actuating part and the brake block
or device, a means or mechanism by which a greater movement of the brake block
or device than that given to the actuating part is obtained, so that a small move-
ment of the actuating part such as can be given to it by the mere play or twist

page_text: of the wrist (ie. a single twist) acting through an incline, can move the brake
block the full required amount, and effect the complete braking action upon the
wheel; which, in the case of pneumatic tyres, in relatively large.
By the mere turning of the loose handle, by the twist or turn of the wrist, say
to the extent of one-fourth or one-third of a revolution, the handle will be moved
horizontally on the handle bar (or a nut or other device connected with it will be
moved), and this, acting through the intermediate connections, and the movement
increasing device or mechanism, imparts to the brake block or device a movement
greater than that of the handle; viz., the full movement required.
In some cases where the movement of the brake block or device is not so large,
or where the inclined or threaded part is disposed and arranged suitably, as here-
after described, the arrangement and combination of parts specified herein may
be employed without the movement increasing means or mechanism, and the
actuating or moving parts adapted to operate the brake block direct, or through
a lever thereon, which may be mounted with its fulcrum suitably placed to give
an increased movement of the block, or a movement equal to that of the
connections.
In one form of device for moving the handle longitudinally on its tube bar,
the front part of the handle is provided (preferably at as large a radius as possible)
with an inclined edge by which a large movement will be given for a given amount
of rotary movement; this incline being adapted to work upon a fixed roller on
the handle bar; and in some cases the incline is of differential (i.e. not even)
inclination, being steeper or of greater pitch at the part which first comes into
action, and brings the brake into action contact and braking action; and then
beyond this it is of less inclination or pitch, whereby more power is obtained to
overcome the greater resistance when the brake is put "hard on." By this latter
construction also it enables, in many cases, the direct applying of the brake (ie.
without increasing mechanisms) to be effected in a practical manner, and without
undue power being used, or straining of the parts. In these constructions a
spring may be used to bring the parts back to the normal position, or they may be
moved back by hand.
Regarding the movement increasing mechanisms referred to, one form of such
a mechanism consists of a laxy-tongs device, this being placed inside the handle
bar tube, and having one end connected fo the brake cord or other connecting
means, and the other fixed, while the handle is connected with one of its joints,
and so that when the handle is moved out, the tongs are drawn together, giving
so much increase of movement as there are sets of bars or levers in the device.
Or, in lieu of this a lever with different lengths of arms, or a differential putley,
may be used.
In some cases, the cord or other connections may be placed and work outside
the handle bar and fork tubes, or part one way, and other parts another; in which
case (as also in the "inside" arrangement) the connections would be guided over
pulleys or guides, and supported at the turns and bends in the handle and the
vertical parts.
Another form of such a mechanism consists of a pulley which is fixed and moves
with the handle (say to its end inside), the end of the cord connection being fixed
to the handle bar and passed over the pulley. A modification of this consists of
a pulley or pulleys on the handle, and a ulley or pulleys fixed in the handle bar
tube over which the cord passes. By this a greater amount of movement of the
cord and brake block is effected.
Another modification or form and arrangement of movement increasing
mechanisma consists of a rack and toothed roller pinion working in connection
with it, and disposed within the handle bar tube, one part being held and the other
carried inside the handle. The pinion is small and has connected with it a
larger pulley over which passes, or to which is fastened, the connecting and
actuating cord. By actuating the handle as herein described, the rotation of the
pinion is effected, and an increased movement of the pulley and cord or

page_text: connection is effected. The rack may be moved and the pinion and wheel fixed; or,
the rack may be fixed and the pinion and wheel moved. As a modification of
this the pinion and wheel may be equal, or nearly equal in size. This, and other
means or mechanisms directly connected with and operating the cord or other con-
nection may, according to this invention, be actuated by a rotary handle as
described, or, they may be actuated by a lever handle such as described, or by
any suitable hand operating means.
In a further modification or arrangement and construction under this Invention,
we arrange and combine with the handle, handle bar, and a cord, articulated, or
flexible connections, a lever adjacent to the handle-which is fixed in this case-
and hinged or fulcrumed at or near the inner end of the handle; and from this
point the lever passes through and into the handle bar tube, and to the end the
cord or connection is fastened. The cord passes hence over a pulley in the tube
behind the lever say in the handle 'end, or a plug or block held on or in the end
of the tube, thence to the brake block or parts of the connections therewith; or
it may be passed over this pulley and over a pulley on the lever end as well, when
greater movement of cord or the like is required. In action, by pulling the handle
part of the lever towards the handle with the fingers, the brake is applied by
tension being put upon the cord or connections. The lever may be supported by
an aftachable bracket or by a fixed bracket or part on and projecting from the
handle bar tube. In a modification of this arrangement and combination, the
lever may be mounted or fulcrumed at the outer or back end of the handle, and
its end connected directly to the cord passing through the end of the tube; or, it
may operate a pulley at this end, over which the cord is passed, the end of the cord
being fixed at a suitable poiut. In this case a plug or cap on the tube end will
conveniently support the lever.
In the arrangements thus far described certain specific combinations and dis-
positions of parts have been described, but-it is to be stated that, under this Inven-
tion, in these, one or more of the features of one arrangement may be used in
connection with another, and differently combined and disposed according to the
difference in arrangement of the special applications, and to suit different forms
of brakes and velocipedes to which they are applied.
In the annexed drawings which illustrate the invention, Figure 1 is a plan
shewing the handle and handle bar tube, and parts connected with it; and Figure 2
is a front elevation of the handle bar and its stem. Figure 3 is an elevation
shewing the brake mechanism connected with the lower part of the front fork
tube, and Figure 4 is a view of the differential incline device or cam, laid out flat.
Figures 5 and 6 are sectional views shewing two modifications, wherein a motion
increasing device, respectively consisting of a laxy tongs device, and a pulley device,
are employed; and Figure 7 is a view of the cam or incline device laid flat.
Figure 8 is another modification wherein the actuation of the brake is effected
through a lever, instead of an incline device.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1 to 4, a is the handle; e is the handle
bar tube; is the brake block; and is the connection. bis the inclined device
or cam, fixed on the outside of the inner end of the handle, by which longitudinal
motion is imparted to the handle when revolved; and c is a roller fixed on
the handle bar e, against which the edge of the cam b works, and by which the
resistance against which the cam act, is provided. d is a roller fixed within the
handle bar tube e, which leads the connection o round the angle where it passes
from the tube c to the stem f. g is a lever carrying the brake block i, it being
carried by a bracket h attached to, or on the fork head. To the inner end of this
lever the connection o is attached. is a spring fixed on h, and connected at its
end to the brake: and by it the brake block i is lifted off the tyre k, the connec
tion iis kept tight, and the whole mechanism. retained in the normal position of
rest.
The inclined device or cam 6 has, at different parts of it, differential inclines,
namely, a part , which is of a steep inclination--and may be called the non-active

page_text: part and a part 62 which may be called the active part, of a comparatively slight
or gradual inclination. By the part b¹, the brake block i will be just about brought
onto the tyre when the bend or angle where the two inclines merge or meet
comes upon the roller c. By the part 62, the brake block i will, when this part
is in action upon the roller c, be pressed "hard on" the tyre; and being of com-
paratively slow rise or incline, greater power is afforded, and enabled to be brought
to play when such greater power is required. In lieu of making the incline 62 of
uniform inclination as shewn, it may be made of gradually decreasing inclination
in the direction of ascension, as shewn by the dotted lines, in which case the rise
would be represented, when laid out flat, by a curve. Stops 63 and 4 are provided
at the bottom and top of the inclines 61 and 62, respectively. These stops limit
the movement of the cam and handle in both directions.
The connection o conveniently consists of fine stranded steel or iron wire, and
is attached to the end of the handle a by an eye-bolt a If desired, however, it
may consist of a suitable small link chain, or a sprocket chain, or other suitable
flexible or articulated connection; or partly of flexible portions, where flexibility
is required, namely at the bends, and partly of rigid wire or bar, where the direction
of movement is straight.
The action of the brake mechanism is, that by the rotation of the handle a by
a simple turn or twist of the wrist, at first a quick and relatively large longitudinal
movement of the handle a. is produced; this part of the stroke requiring only a
comparatively small part of the total possible movement capable of being produced
by the simple play of the wrist, to bring the brake block on to the wheel tyre k.
Then, by the further rotation of the handle, the block is pressed "hard on
the tyre, when the effective braking action takes place. By this major portion
" to
of the available stroke of the actuating part, and play of the wrist, being reserved
for the latter portion of the braking action, in conjunction with the relatively
small inclination or rise of this part 62, great power is provided for applying the
brake effectively, and consequently, in action, a powerful braking effect is
obtained.
Referring now to the modification shewn in Figure 5, by this modification a
large amount of movement of the brake block i, by a small amount of rotation
of the handle-namely, by the simple turn of the wrist, is obtained, and at the
same time a powerful effect is produced, through a lazy tongs device b, introduced
between the actuating handle and the connection o. The levers or arms of this
device are designated 1, and there are two complete sets of these levers or arms;
and hence the total extension or contraction of the whole, would be equal to twice
that of one of said sets; and thus, by this means, the movement of the connection o,
and the brake block, would be double that of the longitudinal movement of the
handle a. The outer end of the device is held within the end of the tube e, by
the joint pin at m, and a cross bar ml supporting said pin; while the handle a is
connected in the central point pin n of the levers, through a link p, which is
fastened to the end of the handle by a nut p. The connection or cord o is secured
to the inner end joint of the device. The inclined device or cam b in this case will,
as stated, and as shewn, have a comparatively small rise or inclination, say about
equivalent to the part 62 of the cam above described; but of course, if desired, it
could also be provided with a small quick rise at the commencement or foot,
equivalent to the portion above referred to, to take up slack or any small stretch
in the connections or parts.
In action, by turning the handle a, the levers 7 are drawn in through the link
with the result that the total movement to the cord o, as stated, will be double that
P
of the longitudinal movement given to the handle, and the pin
m.
In some cases, the upper end of the incline is cut away at b as shewn in Figure 7,
the recess thereby formed constituting, in conjunction with the roller c, a means
of holding the cam and handle in the "hard on
37
position.
In the modification shewn in Figure 6, the increased movement is given to the
cord o, and brake, by a pulley r connected to the handle m by a jaw and by

page_text: fixing the end o' of the cord to the handle tube e-say by a rivet o-and passing
the brake cordo over the pulley. The longitudinal movement of the handle a,
in this case, is produced by the cam or incline device b, as above described. By
this means, by a given longitudinal movement of the handle a, produced by its
rotation, twice the amount of movement is imparted to the cord o, and brake
block, through the bodily movement of the pulley wheel r.
In the modification shewn in Figure 8, the handle a is fixed on the tube e, and
is consequently not a movable handle; and motion is imparted to the cord o,
through an actuating lever s, which is carried from the end of the tube e by a
ring and a projection or bracket thereon; the joint of the lever with this
bracket forming the fulcrum of the lever. The short arm of this lever is con-
nected with the cord or other connection o, through the motion increasing device,
which, in the case shewn, is of the lazy tongs type shewn in and set forth with
reference to Figure 5; and this short end is also connected with the central pin n
of the device by links o, while the outer extremities of the lazy tongs or levers l
are carried by a cross bar m' fixed in the ring s, similarly as set forth with reference
to Figure 5."
The long arm of the lever s will be disposed directly under the handle a, so
as to be grasped by the fingers, in the same way as the ordinary brake levers of
bicycles are now grasped and worked. That is, when the brake is to be applied,
the long arm of the lever is gripped by the fingers, and pulled up towards the
handle a.
In this modification, the connection of parts is not necessarily limited to the
use of lazy tongs, but may he effected through a pulley as described, or other
suitable connection.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
ciaitis:
1. A velocipede or like brake, comprising an actuating handle or lever, a cord or
flexible connection between said handle or lever and the brake proper, and a motion
increasing device, interposed between said handle or lever, and the cord or con-
nection, by which by a comparatively small movement of said handle or lever, a
large movement of the brake and cord or connection is obtained; substantially
as set forth.
2. In a velocipede or like brake a rotative handle, a cam or inclined device on
the outside of the inner end thereof, and a resistance roller or part on the handle
bar tube, against which the said cam or incline device acts, whereby longitudinal
movement to the handle on the handle bar or tube is given, and a cord or other
suitable connection connecting the handle, with the brake block or other braking
device; for the purposes set forth.
3. na velocipede or like brake, a rotative handle in the handle bar or tube, and
a cam or incline device acting in connection with said rotative handle, having a
differential incline or pitch at different parts; whereby a varied rate of longitudinal.
movement of the handle on the handle bar or tube, for a given amount of rotative
movement thereof is produced: for the purposes specified.
4. In a velocipede or like brake, a brake actuating mechanism comprising a
handle moved longitudinally by the rotation thereof, a lazy tongs device disposed
within the end of the handle bar tube, and connected with the handle end, and
an internal connection or cord connected with said lazy tongs; substantially as set
forth with reference to Figure 5.
5. In a velocipede or like brake, a brake actuating mechanism comprising a
handle moved longitudinally by the rotation thereof, a pulley disposed within the
andle bar tube,and connected with the end of the handle, and an internal cord
or connection fastened internally to the handle bar tube, and passing over said
pulley: substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 6.
6. In a velocipede or like brake, a brake actuating mechanism comprising a

page_text: handle moved longitudinally by the rotation thereof a differential inclined cam or
device on the outside of the inner end of said handle, and an internal cord or
suitable connection, connected to the outer end of the handle; substantially as
set forth with reference to and shewn in Figures 1 and 4.
7. In a velocipede or like brake, the actuating parts er means consisting of the
combination of parts arranged, constructed, and adapted to operate, particularly
as set forth with reference to and shewn in Figure 5; Figure 6; and Figure 8,
respectively, of the drawings.
Dated this 21st day of June 1897
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.