matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED OIL CAN
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1879. A communication
from abroad by Edwin Dawson, of Lille, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED OIL CAN." [A coin-
munication from abroad by Edwin Dawson, of Lille, France.]
Oil cans as hitherto made have allowed more oil to be discharged than necessary.
The oil can which forms the subject of the present Invention overcomes this
defect. It is constructed and works as follows:-
A rod is pushed down by the thumb acting upon a button on the top of the said
rod, the can being held by the handle. The descent of the rod causes a piston to
descend in a cylinder. In this movement the piston forces through an aperture
leading to the outlet tube or spout the oil contained in a cavity or recess of the
piston. The quantity of oil discharged depends therefore upon the length of the
piston's travel. This travel may be regulated by adjusting a pin in the rod, which
is formed with holes for the purpose. Or the regulation can be otherwise effected,
for example, by a screw nut upon the rod, or the button itself may be a screw nut.
When the thumb ceases to press upon the button, the piston being acted upon by
a spring returns to its normal position; in ascending it draws from the body of the
can a fresh supply of oil into the cylinder, which in its turn will be forced into the
spout or outlet tube when pressure is applied to the button. A ball or other valve
which may be fitted with a spring prevents the re-entry of air by the outlet tube
or spout when the piston ascends.
By constructing oil cans as above described there can be no accidental escape of
oil, and even if the can be upset, no oil will escape.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHIDE OF ZINC
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cawley at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 17th March 1879.
JOHN CAWLEY, Chemist, of 468, New Cross Road, Deptford, in the County of
Kent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHIDE OF ZINC."
The improvement consists in the substitution of a direct method of formation of
the sulphide from its constituents in lieu of the ordinary method of producing it in
the wet way.
The zinc is volatilized in a crucible or other suitable vessel, and the zinc vapour
passes therefrom into a chamber whose temperature is slightly higher than the
boiling point of sulphur.
The zinc vapour is brought into contact with an excess of sulphur vapour, and
the vapours of zinc and sulphur unite with incandescence in the proportion of
equivalent to equivalent, as represented by the equation Zn + S = Zn S.
The resulting sulphide is precipitated in the combination chamber in the form of
a white impalpable powder providing the above chamber be kept at a temperature
slightly above the boiling point of sulphur.
If the temperature be higher, a highly crystalline substance is produced which as
a pigment does not possess so great a covering power or body as when the combina-
tion chamber is maintained at the temperature above specified.
The sulphur must be supplied in excess, but no deterioration of the product results
from this, since the excess above that required to form Zn S passes over to a
condenser wherein it is condensed and may be used over again.
As a source of zinc vapour the metal itself may be employed, or a mixture of its
oxidised compounds with carbonaceous matter, which by heating will yield zinc
vapour.
As a source of sulphur the free sulphur may be employed, or any of its compounds
which yield sulphur on the application of heat.
The improvement consists then in bringing the vapour of zinc into contact with
an excess of sulphur vapour, thereby insuring the formation of a definite sulphide
and avoiding the presence of metallic zinc in the products, which would render it
valueless for application in the arts; and in removing the excess of sulphur by
maintaining the combination chamber at a temperature above the condensing point
of sulphur.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1879.
JOHN CLOUGH, of Groove Mill, near Keighley, in the County of York, Spinner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES.”
The object of my Invention is to arrange what are commonly known as the front
rollers in machines used for spinning wool, silk, mohair, or other fibrous substances,
in such a manner that I am enabled to have the carriers in close proximity to the
back of the said roller, also to facilitate the lappings being gathered from the rollers,
and the piecing of the yarn when broken.
I accomplish my object in the following manner :-I mount the series of ordinary
front bottom rollers which I call the drivers, and which are made of such a diameter
and mounted in such a position on the spinning frame that the same are in close
proximity to the carriers. In front of these rollers I place another series of rollers
which are additional, by which means the lappings can be more easily taken from
the rollers, and the piecing of the broken yarn facilitated. Above each pair of the
before mentioned rollers I mount the ordinary top rollers, the circumferences of which
are in contact with the circumferences of the bottom rollers, so that when the
machine is put in motion the first named series of rollers will cause the additional
and top rollers to revolve, and the material that is being manipulated will pass
from the carriers between the rollers to the bobbins on the spindles.
MENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR LIFTING TURNIPS AND SIMILAR ROOTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Soutar Bisset at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1879.
" IMPROVE-
THOMAS SOUTAR BISSET, of the Firm of J. Bisset and Sons, Agricultural Imple-
ment Makers, of Blairgowrie, in the County of Perth, North Britain.
MENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR LIFTING TURNIPS AND SIMILAR ROOTS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of implements for lifting turnips
in an improved and simple manner.
The implement as made with the improvements is mounted on two pairs of
wheels, the forward pair running on cranked axles formed at the bottoms of vertical
bars, which at their upper ends are fixed to a transverse horizontal bar itself fixed
to the forward end of a beam or fore-and-aft bar. The beam is pivoted near its
middle to a pair of curved bars extending above the beam towards the rear, and at
their after ends these curved bars rest on the axle of the hind wheels, this axle
being cranked and having a hand lever fixed to it, and adjustable in connection
with a notched plate for setting the wheels relatively higher or lower, and thereby
lowering or raising the beam, and altering the depth at which the operating parts
work. The part of the beam between the pivot and the axle of the hind wheels is
of a zig-zag form in plan, and it is continued under the axle, and has a pair of
handles fixed to it at the back end. Inclined bars having rooting knives formed
or fixed at their lower ends are adjustably attached at opposite sides of the imple-
ment to the zig-zag part of the beam. The rooting knives are of curved forms
adapted to the shapes of the turnips, and for cutting off the small roots, the after
knife being made of additional length for cutting off the centre root. It is an
important advantage that the pivoting of the beam to the frame bars of the hind
wheels allows the beam with the rooting knives to oscillate and be moved laterally
by the attendant to suit the varying positions of the turnips. In addition, the
rooting knives are formed with forwardly projecting curved horns or feelers, which
by encountering the turnips thereby guide the rooting knives and control the
oscillating movements, and these feelers are also inclined downwards to clear away
the weeds and other obstructions in front of the knives.
For cutting off the turnip tops there may be combined with the other parts either
an adjustable horizontal V-shaped knife, combined with a bent-pronged fork, and
with guide rods and a guide plate or shovel for moving the tops to one side; or a
pair of knife-edged horizontal discs arranged to slightly overlap, and made free to
rotate by contact with the turnip tops.
A GAUGE FOR MEASURING AND MARKING AIM LINES ON THE BACKSIGHT SIGHTING BAR OF MILITARY RIFLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Percy Miller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1879.
HERBERT PERCY MILLER, of 15, Craven Terrace, Hyde Park, County of Middlesex.
"A GAUGE FOR MEASURING AND MARKING AIM LINES ON THE BACKSIGHT SIGHTING
BAR OF MILITARY RIFLES."
The novelty of this Invention consists in an arrangement by the use of which
vertical aim lines can be measured and marked on any part of the backsight sighting
bar of a rifle.
The guide for making the lines is placed in a square oblong metal frame 1 by
inch, and is drawn backwards and forwards horizontally by means of a set screw.
passed through the short sides of the frame taking up the guide.
One of the long sides of the frame is cut away so that the guide when in its place.
projects inch beyond the square of the frame.
A scale is engraved on the frame divided into twenty-fifths of an inch, which
shows how far the guide is moved when the screw is turned. An arrow shows the
centre of scale, and from this arrow measurement is taken by drawing the guide to
the right or left as may be required.
In use the gauge is placed over the sighting bar of the rifle, and with a pencil or
some pointed instrument a line is drawn down by the side of guide, and over this
line aim is taken direct at the object intended to be struck instead of having to
make allowance for the pressure of wind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING PLATES, ANGLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF STEEL, IRON, OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Devonshire Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1879.
JOHN DEVONSHIRE ELLIS, of the Atlas Works, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS FOR ROLLING
PLATES, ANGLES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF STEEL, IRON, OR OTHER METALS."
My Invention has for its object the adaptation of cast steel rolls to the purpose
of rolling plates, angles, and other articles of steel by hardening the surface of such
rolls in the manner and by the process hereinafter stated. The roll is cast or
forged either plain or grooved, as may be required, in steel made either in the
crucible or by the Bessemer, Siemens, or other suitable process, and is either taken
in the rough or turned to the required dimensions or nearly so, and then cemented
or converted by placing it in a suitable furnace, and sorrounding it with charcoal
or other substance used in case-hardening or converting. The furnace is kept at a
red heat a sufficiently long time to harden the surface to any depth that may be
required, and is then allowed to cool gradually.
If required, only a portion of the surface of the roll may be hardened, by
protecting the part required to be left soft from the action or influence of the
converting material by means of clay or other suitable non-converting material.
Rolls made in the manner stated may also be used for rolling iron or other
metals, and if in use the hardened part should wear away a fresh hardened surface
can be obtained by repeating the above process.
By converting the surface of the roll after it is cast there can be obtained a
tough strong roll with a surface much harder than can be produced by any other
process hitherto in use.
AN IMPROVED AIRTIGHT MANHOLE FLAP AND FRAME FOR COVERING OVER SHAFTS TO DRAINS, SYPHONS, AND GREASE RECEIVERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Torrington Angell, of 144, Fulham Road, Brompton,
London, for the Invention of" AN IMPROVED AIRTIGHT MANHOLE FLAP AND
FRAME FOR COVERING OVER SHAFTS TO DRAINS, SYPHONS, AND GREASE
RECEIVERS."
Sealed the 16th March 1880, and dated the 20th September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Torrington Angell at
" AN
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1879.
ARTHUR TORRINGTON ANGELL, of 144, Fulham Road, Brompton, London.
IMPROVED AIRTIGHT MANHOLE FLAP AND FRAME FOR COVERING OVER SHAFTS TO
DRAINS, SYPHONS, AND GREASE RECEIVERS."
An improved airtight manhole flap and frame for covering over shafts to sewers,
syphon traps to drains, or for any other purpose whatsoever where flaps and frames
are necessary for the purpose of getting access to works of any description situated
underground, and by their situation are liable to get injured by water, damp, or dust,
and where it is necessary from time to time to examine, inspect, or repair such
works. This flap and frame is particularly adapted for covering over syphon traps,
grease receivers, and inspection pipes to the drains of domestic houses, where in
confined vaults and areas it is necessary for the shafts built round such syphons,
grease receivers, and inspection pipes should be kept airtight. The frame of the
manhole consists of two parts, namely, an outer or principal frame, to which the
flap or lid is hinged and fastened, and an inner frame or rim running parallel with
the inner sides of the main frame upon which the flap or lid rests when closed;
this rim is shaped on its upper edge, and presses tightly upon a strip or tube of
india rubber, felt, or any other pliable and airtight substance fixed in a groove
formed by two projecting flanges running parallel with each other round the under
side of the flap. The same effect is also produced by fixing the indiarubber, etc., in
a groove formed in the frame, and a V shaped flange projecting from the under side
of the flap or lid. I propose making these flaps and frames of cast iron, but they
can also be made of wrought iron, steel, gun, or any other metal.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR RECEPTACLES USED FOR CONTAINING AND PRESERVING ALIMENTARY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND FLUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henderson William Brand at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1879.
HENDERSON WILLIAM BRAND, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR RECEPTACLES USED FOR CONTAINING AND PRESERVING
ALIMENTARY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND FLUIDS."
"
The main object of my Invention is to provide simple and efficient means for
hermetically closing receptacles and thereby preserving the contents thereof. The
receptacles are preferably made of glass, although they might be made of other
materials, such as earthenware, and one great object in having them in glass is that
the contents may be seen, and purchasers consequently see the goods they are
buying.
The Invention primarily consists in boring an aperture or apertures through the
neck and stopper of the bottle or other receptacle, or in making slits or recesses in
the corresponding surfaces of the neck and stopper in such manner that the
apertures, or slits, or recesses being brought to correspond with one another, a com-
munication is formed between the interior of the receptacle and the external
atmosphere, but by slightly turning the stopper in the neck the aforesaid communi-
cation is closed. Or according to another arrangement I form the plug with a
small hole through it which is afterwards filled with a small plug.
The bottle or other receptacle is filled with contents to be preserved, whether those
contents he essences, fruits, soups, or other substances, and stoppered, the apertures
being brought to correspond with one another, and consequently the contents of
the receptacle are in communication with the atmosphere by means of the aforesaid
apertures. The receptacles are then placed in a vessel containing water or other
liquid; when the liquid is water and the substance to be preserved is essence of
beef, the temperature raised to say 212° Fahrenheit, the steam and gases and
animalcula or animal germs contained in the substances in the interior then escape
by the apertures. As soon as complete exit thereof has taken place the stopper is
slightly turned and the passage to the atmosphere is closed. The stopper may
then if desired be coated with metal, paint, or other suitable composition, or capsuled,
and it is finished ready for packing or otherwise.
Bottles made in the manner before described are also applicable for holding
aerated liquids, the contents of which need not all be drawn off at one and the
same time.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WATER COLOUR PRINTING TRANSFER INK FOR PRODUCING MULTIPLE COPIES OF DRAWINGS, DESIGNS, OR LETTERPRESS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Gestetner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1879.
" A NEW
OR IMPROVED WATER COLOUR PRINTING TRANSFER INK FOR PRODUCING
MULTIPLE COPIES OF DRAWINGS, DESIGNS, OR LETTERPRESS."
DAVID GESTETNER, of New North Road, in the County of Middlesex.
According to this Invention I produce a water colour printing transfer ink for
printing drawings, designs, or letterpress on paper or other suitable material, and
capable of being transferred on to any of the well known flexible copying pads
now in use, and from which multiple copies are obtained. The improved ink or
colour is composed of a mixture of a water colour, such as is sometimes used for
printing purposes, and a strong aniline solution, or I may use the strong solution
of aniline, to which I add glycerine; this latter may be applied to the roller during
printing; or according to this Invention I make the printing transfer ink in either
of the following ways and in about the following proportions:

page_text: The improved ink is applied to the letterpress or engraved block or plate in the
ordinary way, and then struck off, and the impression obtained can be transferred
on to a flexible copying pad, from which multiple copies may be produced in the
same way as when the original is produced by means of a pen.
By means of this Invention I am enabled to supply printed designs, drawings, 5
or letterpress, from which multiple copies may be obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Speight and David Speight at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd January 1879.
JOSEPH SPEIGHT and DAVID SPEIGHT, both of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS."
Tramways constructed in the manner hereafter described become thorough
compact masses of work, being bound together in such manner as to ensure a
greater solidity, durability, and that will bear the wear and tear of heavy traffic.
In the ordinary mode of construction adopted on tramways one line of rails is
independent of the other, and has to depend upon the paving for support and for
retaining the rails at the proper gauge.
According to our arrangement we provide chairs having a large area of base or
foundation plate so as better to resist pressure. Within these chairs the longitu-
dinal beams or sleepers are placed, on the top of which the lines of rails are fitted
and secured.
In order to retain the required gauge of rails and properly to support them
independently of the paving we provide tie rods which couple the chairs of one
line of rails with those of the other, by which means the rails can be adjusted and
retained at any desired gauge.
The advantages of this mode of construction are
Simplicity of construction.
Simplicity of construction.
Uniform bearing.
Rails can be easily replaced at little cost.
The correct, complete, and thorough security of gauge obtained with this system
of tie rods and chairs.
Economy of construction.
Comparative noiselessness secured by the running of tram cars, avoiding the
vibration, which is a serious drawback to (exclusively) iron tramways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CLEANING OF KNIVES AND FORKS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1879.
WILLIAM HENRY ROBINSON, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE CLEANING OF KNIVES
AND FORKS."
The said machine consists of two or more circular discs of wood or other material,
with a square hole in the centre of each disc of a convenient size to fit on a spindle
or axle, the said discs are placed on the said spindle in a vertical position and
parallel to each other, the adjacent opposite surfaces of the discs are covered with
leather, felt, or other suitable substances, or a combination of such substances. The
said spindle or axle is constructed so as to be square where the discs fit on it, and
round in the spaces between the discs. At one end of the spindle or axle a
moveable handle or crank is fitted for the purpose of working the machine, and at
the other end of the spindle or axle a round brush is attached.
The apparatus so constructed is placed in a suitable frame of wood, or other
inaterial, and may be enclosed in a case of wood or other material, but if enclosed,
convenient slots or holes are made in the case through which the blades of the
knives to be cleaned are passed.
Care must be taken when placing a knife in the machine to be cleaned, that the
back or blunt part of the blade of the knife rests against the spindle or axle, and
the motion of the handle or crank, and consequently of the discs themselves must
be in the direction against the sharp edge of the knife, that is from the sharp edge
to the blunt or back part of the blade.
The discs are kept in position by means of washers and pins fitted to the spindle
or axle.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING THE ECONOMICAL COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL IN FURNACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1879.
THOMAS EDWARD WILSON, of Lille, in the Republic of France, Engineer. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROMOTING THE ECONOMICAL COMBUSTION OF THE
FUEL IN FURNACES."
My Invention relates to the furnaces of steam generators, and is also applicable
to some other furnaces wherein it is desirable to effect the perfect combustion of the
fuel with a minimum emission of smoke. I arrange a series of louvre plates below
the furnace grate, which plates divide the current of air into a number of streams,
and direct such streams of air upwards through the grate. In the arrangement which
I now prefer each plate is hinged by its upper edge, or by its upper end, to the
undersides of the fire bars, or of certain of the fire bars, or to suitable bearers, and
all the plates are connected together by means of a chain, or of links or parts, so
that all the plates may be simultaneously caused to assume the angle which may be
considered to be the most suitable. The plates vary in depth, the deepest plate
being at the rear end of the arrangement. The plates are caused to incline towards
the front end of the furnace. The air flowing into the space below the furnace is
directed by the plates upwards and through the grate and fuel. The arrangements
for inclining the plates, or for varying their inclination, may be dispensed with, and
the plates be permitted to hang vertically, and be suspended otherwise than from
their upper edges or ends, and may incline backwards instead of forwards.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL WINE, SPIRIT, OR LIQUEUR STAND
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Williams and
Albert Barker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June
1879.
WILLIAM FREDERICK WILLIAMS, of Numbers 3, 4, and 5, Little Windmill Street,
in the County of Middlesex, and ALBERT BARKER, of 144, New Bond Street, in the
said County of Middlesex, Silversmiths. AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL WINE,
SPIRIT, OR LIQUEUR STAND."
"
•
This Invention relates to a wine, spirit, or liqueur stand, of such a construction
that although the bottles or decanters are visible they and their stoppers are so
secured that they cannot be removed without the stand being unlocked, when the
action of a spring releases the bottles or decanters.
One method of carrying out our Invention is as follows:-The stand, which is
made of wood, metal, or other suitable substance, is of a cruetstand pattern having
a pillar in the centre. To the top of this pillar are fixed projecting pieces of auch a
number and size as to be directly over the several stoppers of the bottles or
decanters in the stand when it is locked. The stand is attached to a base, but is
free to revolve on it. To the under surface of the bottom part of the stand is fixed
a stud, which works in a segmental slot in the base, In this slot there is placed a
spring against which the stud presses in such a manner that when the spring is
compressed, the bolt of a lock in the base penetrates into a slot in the stand, so
fixing the stand in such a position that the bottles or decanters are under the pro-
jecting pieces on the pillar. On the bolt of the lock being withdrawn, the pressure
of the spring against the stud causes the stand partially to revolve and the bottles
or decanters are removed from under the projecting pieces on the pillar so that they
can be taken from the stand.
We can also construct the stand in the form of a tray; at each end of the tray aro
uprights having segmental slots in their upper ends. A hood shaped piece forms the
cover of the stand which prevents the extraction of the bottles or decanters or their
stoppers. This cover works in the two slots and in such a manner that when the
stand is locked it is directly over the stoppers of the bottles or decanters, so that
they cannot be withdrawn from the stand. In the cover there is a lock having
Dice 0.71

page_text: long bolts which catch in slots in the uprights of the stand so fixing the cover.
On pressing the stud of the lock the bolts are released and the cover slids back in
the slots so that it no longer stands over the bottles or decanters, which may then
be removed from the stand. The stud which releases the bolts can be locked as in
the case of ordinary travelling bags. The same mode of construction can be 5
applied to cases for holding cigars or for other similar purposes.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MAKING UP OR UNITING BLOCKS OF WOOD FOR THE USE OF ENGRAVERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Ingram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1879.
WILLIAM JAMES INGRAM, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster, Gentleman.
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF MAKING UP OR UNITING BLOCKS OF WOOD FOR THE
USE OF ENGRAVERS."
It is well known that when blocks of large size are required for wood engravers,
they have to be prepared by fitting together permanently two, four, or more pieces.
When such blocks are required to be engraved expeditiously, the pieces to form a
block are first temporarily fitted together to receive the drawing. They are then
detached, and the pieces are placed in the hands of several engravers. When the
engraving is complete the pieces are assembled and secured together in place by
glue, and by screws and nuts, the screws being inserted into holes drilled longitu-
dinally and transversely from the inner edges of the pieces to recesses cut in the
back of the pieces. The screw nuts being inserted into these recesses are tightened
up, and thus the composite block is held together by the combined action of glue
and screws and nuts.
This structure necessitates the employment of careful workmanship, and the block
thus formed is of no service after the required impressions from the engraving have
been obtained.
I now propose, in preparing composite divisible blocks, to fit the pieces
together with the same accuracy as heretofore, so as to obtain close fitting
butt joints, and to secure the pieces in place by means of a clamping frame. This
frame will be suitably shaped to receive the block, and provided with tightening
screws for propelling clamping strips forward within the frame, and thereby binding
together the pieces composing the block. The clamping frame will conveniently be
formed with a bed plate to receive the wood block, and of a depth sufficient to take
a firm hold of the block.
While the pieces composing the block are firmly held together in the frame the
drawing is to be made on the block, and the preparatory work of the engraver over
the joints of the block is to be effected.
This being done the block is to be released, and its component parts may be
delivered to different engravers, who, working simultaneously thereon, will quickly
complete the engraving of the block. The detached pieces being then brought
together, they are to be again secured in the clamping frame, and an impress of the

page_text: block may then be taken for electro-typing or other use. A reproduction of the
block having been obtained, I now propose to utilize the block by cutting away the
engraving and producing a new face thereon ready to receive a fresh drawing and
engraving. In this way I am enabled to use the block again and again until its
reduced thickness renders it of no further service for the engraver.
APPARATUS FOR TESTING INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alex Bernstein at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1879.
ALEX BERNSTEIN, of the City of Berlin, German Empire.
APPARATUS FOR TESTING INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object to determine the flashing point of inflammable
liquids, such as petroleum, &c., that is to say, the temperature at which they give off
inflammable vapour.
For this purpose a vessel filled with the liquid to be tested is closed hermetically
with a lid on which is a pipe with a nozzle closed by a stop cock. At the bottom of
the vessel is a bent tube the end of which rises up some distance above the vessel,
and which has just below the bottom of the vesssl a branch also leading up to the
top of the vessel where it is open; at such branch the main tube has a two way cock
so arranged that when turned in one position it closes the communication between
the tube and the vessel and opens that between the tube and its branch, while in
another position it closes the branch and opens the communication between the tube
and the vessel. The vessel. has a thermometer by which the temperature of the
liquid can be observed and a bracket attached to it carries a small lamp the flame of
which is just opposite the before mentioned nozzle. This apparatus is inserted in
an open tank filled with water heated by a lamp or other suitable means and
provided with a thermometer for observing the temperature of the water, and with
an agitator for rendering the temperature uniform throughout. The communication
between the vessel and its tube being closed by the cock, the tube is filled with
water, and the water in the tank is heated until the thermometer of the closed
vessel indicates that the liquid within it has been raised to a certain predetermined
temperature. The cock in the bent tube is then turned so as to close the branch
and open communication with the vessel, and the cock of the nozzle having been
opened more water is poured into the open upper end of the bent tube, so that by
the pressure thus exerted at the bottom of the liquid in the vessel the vapour if
an accumulated in the upper part thereof are forced out through the nozzle and
are brought in contact with the flame of the lamp, and thus it will be readily
ascertained whether at the beforementioned predetermined temperature the liquid
gives off inflammable vapour.
A METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF MAGNESIA-HYDRATE OF MAGNESIA (MG O + MG O H).
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1879.
A communication from Theodor Korndorff, of Leopoldshall, German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin.
"A METHOD OF
MANUFACTURE OF MAGNESIA-HYDRATE OF MAGNESIA (MG O + MG O H)." A com-
munication from Theodor Korndorff, of Leopoldshall, German Empire.
This Invention relates to an improved method of manufacturing magnesia-
hydrate of magnesia (Mg O + Mg OH), and consists in mixing together in
equivalents the lye of chloride of magnesium evaporated to about 45 degrees of
Beaumé with hydrate of lime or limestone (carbonate of lime) to a pap; heating
the same in a reverberatory furnace to a weak red heat, and lixiviating the chloride
of calcium by water, a chemical combination of magnesia and hydrate of magnesia
(Mg O + Mg OH) being thereby produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING MATTRASSES, SEATS, AND COUCHES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Alexander and Thomas Wathen
Dunn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January
1879.
ALFRED ALEXANDER and THOMAS WATHEN DUNN, both of Bradford on Avon,
in the County of Wilts. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING MATTRASSES, SEATS, AND
COUCHES."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in spring mattrasses, scats, and
couches.
For these purposes we employ as springs rings of vulcanised india-rubber. We
arrange these springs around the sides of the frame of the mattrass, seat, or couch,
securing them to the frame in any convenient manner. We pass rods through the
rings and attach to the rods, the netting, webbing, or fabric which is to form the
foundation for the bed, or the support for the cushion, or seat, or elastic back of a
chair or couch.
Spring mattrasses may be made in this way for bedsteads of all sorts.
In some cases we dispense with the rods and attach the netting or fabric directly
to the vulcanized india rubber rings.
As a substitute for rings we can employ vulcanized india rubber bands doubled
into a loop, the ends being attached to the underside of the frame, and the loop
being brought round to tho upper side and there being connected with the webbing
or foundation fabric.
We sometimes reverse the arrangement and attach straps or cords to the frame
on either side, and couple such straps or cords together in the middle by means of
vulcanised india rubber rings or bands.
The elasticity may be increased if need be by introducing other india rubber rings
or bands on either side of the centre coupling ring or band. The straps or cords
may have laths of wood attached to them.
Folding trestle beds may be made in a similar mauner with spring mattrasses or
foundations to support the bedding, the india rubber rings however being applied
in this case on one side only. Similarly folding seats may be provided with elastic
foundations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TURKISH CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Hildebrandt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1879. A communication from
abroad by Sigmund Loewy and Simon Lubosch, both of Berlin, in Germany.
ALBERT HILDEBRANDT, of Bow Chambers, in the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TURKISH CARPETS AND SIMILAR FABRICS." A communication
from abroad by Sigmund Loewy and Simon Lubosch, both of Berlin, in
Germany.
The method hitherto followed in the manufacture of Turkish carpets and similar
fabrics has usually been to tie in an upright warp, ends of colored threads of wool
to form the pattern in the pile, and to put in and beat up into the warp a weft
thread when a row of such ends were tied in.
The new and improved method is as follows :-
A warp is formed by placing small groups of threads at intervals, varying with
the length of the pile required. Into this warp, weft of the color and quality required
to form the pile in the fabric is introduced in such order and succession as required
by the pattern. This fabric is cut up into strips parallel to the warp threads along
the centres of the spaces left between each group of warp threads, thus producing
strips consisting of a series of thread ends held together by a few warp threads,
which strip may be doubled up in the direction of the short threads, so that all the
ends point one way somewhat like a brush, or resembling in some degree the
material used in the manufacture of chenille. These strips are now used as weft
in any suitable warp and manner, care being taken that the loose thread ends stand
out of the warp, which is easily done by means of a broad brush. A binding weft
is put in after each strip or at intervals. It will be seen that if the colors have
been used in proper succession, according to the desired pattern in the making of
these strips or weft threads, the pattern will now be produced in due order.
A NEW OR IMPROVED VEHICLE OR APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS AND THE LIKE BY DAY AND NIGHT IN THE STREETS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Olga de Pankratieff at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1879.
OLGA DE PANKRATIEFF, of No. 6, Rue Chateaubriand, Paris, France, Spinster.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED VEHICLE OR APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISEMENTS
AND THE LIKE BY DAY AND NIGHT IN THE STREETS."
This Invention relates to a new or improved vehicle or travelling apparatus for
exhibiting advertisements and the like by day and night in the streets, and it
consists of a suitably shaped body or receptacle mounted on wheels, and capable of
being drawn by horses or impelled by hand. The four sides of this vehicle or
apparatus are fitted with panes of glass, in order that the advertisements, pictures,
drawings, or the like, which are placed at the back of these panes of glass may be
rendered visible from the outside.
In order to render the advertisements or the like luminous and casily visible
during the night, or in the day during a fog or dull weather, I place within the
vehicle or apparatus a reservoir or holder containing gas, and I connect the same
with a suitably arranged row or rows of burners placed outside or inside the vehicle
or apparatus, according to circumstances.
The advertiseinents, pictures, drawings, or the like, which may be drawn or
printed on cardboard or paper, or on other suitable materials, are placed behind the
panes of glass, so as to be sheltered from rain or dust, and protected from other
injury; or they may be photographed or stained on the panes of glass, or otherwise
contrived.
Reflectors may be placed laterally to the advertisements, pictures, or the like,
and in such a manner that if it be desired the gas lights when placed outside shall
not be seen by the public.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOVELS, SPADES, SIFTERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1879.
WILLIAM YOUNG, of No. 4, Summerville Road, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey, Lamp Maker. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SHOVELS, SPADES, SIFTERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention consists in manufacturing shovels and spades and other similar
articles with a double inclined plane and receptacle for retaining the dirt, dust, or
other material or substance being taken up or sifted.
The said shovel, spade, or other article can be made of any material and of any
shape to suit the particular object for which it is to be used, the inclined plane being
always retained.
My Invention can be manufactured in the shape of an ornamental hand shovel,
and the same without the handle can be used and applied to many useful purposes;
it will be observed that whatever article or substance is being shovelled up, the
same remains in the receptacle or well, and thus, whether it is crumbs or any other
substance, it cannot fall or go back again.
By reason of the inclined plane coal, ashes, or other substance can readily be taken
up and sifted, the dirt being retained in the receptacle under the sifter; in such
cases the receptacle is covered by a sifter placed on the top.
The essential feature of my Invention consists in the inclined plane, which is
adapted to any shovel, spade, or other similar article, by means of which any
substance is readily taken up and prevented from falling out again.
The Invention may be applied in a variety of ways; such, for instance, it can be
used as or in lieu of a crumb-brush by sliding the shovel along the table cloth; the
small particles or crumbs are taken up by the inclined plane, and received into the
receptacle without fear of falling out.
When this Invention is applied for digging purposes, I make the inclined plane
shorter, and I put corrugations just a little above the said inclined plane.
NEW OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FORCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hardinge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th June 1879. A communication from
abroad by D. Joaquin Dieguez y Romera, of Madrid, Spain.
JAMES HARDINGE, of 28, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, in the City of London,
Editor and Proprietor of "The Inventors' Record and Industrial Guardian." "NEW
OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FORCING LIQUIDS." A
communication from abroad by D. Joaquin Dieguez y Romera, of Madrid, Spain.
The object of this Invention is the construction of hydraulic apparatus with an
invariable initial power for raising or forcing a column of water to any given height,
that is, to any possible pressure of atmospheres.
This Invention combines the following conditions:-A simple and plain construc-
tion of apparatus, consisting of two cylinders with double pistons, which by the
combination of their valves cause the ascending liquid column to remain always in
equilibrium and compensated, so that the power applied is constantly equal to the
quantity of liquid to be raised, and to any possible height. The apparatus is com-
posed of two equal cylinders, each divided by a diaphragm; the two upper and
lower parts have their respective curbs, in order to adapt to the lower end a kind
of sieve or sifter to prevent the pistons corresponding to these parts from being
damaged, and for stuffing round the rods, in order to avoid infiltrations, while leaving
them liberty of motion. Each cylinder contains inside two pistons; the upper
piston is hermetically adjusted with friction; the upper and lower pistons are
united by a common rod to impart motion to theol.
In the middle part of each division of the cylinder formed by the diaphragm is
opened a section on each side, the one to receive the liquid by means of a tube
placed for that purpose with its valve, the other to drive out, also by means of a
tube, the air compressed by the upper portion when put in motion.
Each rod is provided with a connecting rod, which receives the movement trans-
mitted by a lever of the first class, to the upper ends of which are adapted two
connecting rods, receiving also the motion transmitted by two eccentrics fixed on
the motive axis; at the centre of this axis is fixed a toothed wheel which engages
with the pinion, at the end of which a fly wheel is adapted; finally, at the opposite
end of that axis is fixed a crank, by means of which the power is transmitted. The
discharge tube is jointed, uniting the two cylinders in one tube.

page_text: From this combination of the two cylinders with their respective double pistons
it results that when the apparatus is put in motion the valves of the lower pistons
float on the surface, and let the quantity of liquid to be raised pass, and depositing
it on the flat surface of the upper pistons in passing through the outlet tubes in the
above mentioned sections, so that the equilibrium of the liquid vein gravitates
exclusively on the upper pistons, which in their ascension alternately fill the
discharge tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Winby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1879.
WILLIAM EDWARD WINBY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in constructing
the rails of tramways and parts connected with the said rails, the principal object
of my said Invention being to prevent, in a simple and efficient manner, the
paving stones of the tramway next the rails from sinking below the level of the
said rails. I make the tramway rail of three parts, namely, of the rail proper
rolled of the required sectional figure, and of two rolled angular shaped side wings
or cheeks, which constitute the chair or support for the rail proper. The said
angular side bars or cheeks are furnished with horizontal base plates, and the tops
of the vertical parts of the said side bars or cheeks are furnished with projections,
which fit into recesses or grooves rolled on opposite sides of the body of the rail.
The three parts described may be bolted together where they meet if thought
desirable.
When the three parts of the compound rail are put and fixed together the
paving stones on either side the said rail are supported on the upper sides of the
horizontal base plates of the angle bars or cheeks of the said rail, and the said
stones are by these means securely maintained at or about the level of the wearing
surface of the rail.
When the angular or side bars and rail proper are secured together, as described,
the said angular or side bars are so placed that the terminal ends of each adjacent
bar do not come in contact. The rail is thereby perfectly fished without the use of
fish plates and bolts.
At the base of the compound rail a cross bar is laid on the ballast. This cross
bar is furnished with projections which fit against the outer edges of the horizontal
base parts of the angular bars or cheeks, and between the said combined angle bars
or at the middle of the compound rail. .The cross bar described are laid at the
required intervals to keep the corresponding rail in gauge or in the same line.