IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1855

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лиш
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th May 1855.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 32, Essex Street, Strand,
London, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," a com-
munication, to be as follows; and consists, firstly, in a looper of a novel kind,
operating in combination with a needle to form a stitch with a single thread;
secondly, in a certain method of operating the needle in connection with the
aforesaid looper to throw the thread over its point; thirdly, in certain mecha-
nical means by which the said method of operating the needle is accomplished;
fourthly, in an improved feed motion for moving the cloth in the line of
the seam to receive the successive stitches.
A needle with an eye near the point carries the thread through the cloth to
form a loop on the under side near the point of the looper, which consists of a
piece of straight metal, except at one end, where it is slightly curved and
pointed. Immediately after the needle begins to rise & leave the thread
slack, it also begins to turn on its centre or axis towards the point of the
looper, & as it continues to rise it draws the thread in the form of a loop over

page_text: the looper, which without detaining the loop merely keeps it open, & in posi-
tion for the needle to pass through in its next descent. As tension is produced
on the thread by the descent of the needle, the loop is drawn over & off the
looper. The looper is placed parallel or nearly so with the needle, and below
the table or bed of the machine, with its point downwards. It is held stationary
by a spring in a cavity of a block of metal, or in the stand of the machine.
The axial motion of the needle is effected by the needle holder turning freely
in a socket attached to the slide, with a shoulder above and below, to prevent
it moving longitudinally without the slide; and on one side it carries a pin,
which, during the descent of the needle, passes under a spring secured to the
guide head in which the needle slide works, and is by that means caused to
work close to the said guide; but as the needle rises, this pin passes up the
inclined part of the spring, & is thus thrown forward & caused to turn the
needle. Before the termination of the ascent of the needle, the pin passes
under & within a stationary inclined or curved piece, & by it is thrown back
again into contact with the guide, thus turning back the needle.
The material is confined to the table by a spring clamp, attached to the side
of the head or other fixed portion of the machine, & terminating with a
broad shoe or base, to bear upon the material to be sewed all round the needle,
which is intended to work through an opening in the shoe. Another opening
is made in the shoe for the feeding dog to work through, which consists of a
piece of metal, having a serrated face, and attached to or forming part of a bar
suspended from the arm of a lever, whose fulcrum is a pin secured conveniently
in a fixed part of the machine. Near the middle of its length the feed bar
works within a forked guide attached to the spring clamp, to which is fitted
an adjusting screw to control the movement of the feed bar away from the
needle.