IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OPENING, DIVIDING, AND INCORPORATING SOLID, LIQUID, AND AERIFORM MATTERS; AND ALSO FOR THE EVAPORATION AND DISTILLATION OF FLUIDS, AND THE ACCELERATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes
and Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OPENING, DIVIDING, AND
INCORPORATING SOLID, LIQUID, AND AERIFORM MATTERS; AND ALSO FOR THE
EVAPORATION AND DISTILLATION OF FLUIDS, AND THE ACCELERATION OF
CHEMICAL PROCESSES."-A communication from abroad by Charles
T...
14
Timming of Austria
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st October 1872.
I, EDWARD Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OPENING, DIVIDING, AND
INCORPORATING SOLID, LIQUID, AND AERIFORM MATTERS; AND ALSO FOR THE
EVAPORATION AND DISTILLATION OF FLUIDS, AND THE ACCELERATION OF CHEMICAL
PROCESSES," a communication to me from abroad by Charles Julius
Schultze, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, to be as follows:-
:-
In the interior of a stationary cylinder or vessel which can be closed
at the top and bottom is fixed a smaller cylinder open at the top and

page_text: bottom, the distance of the two open ends from the top and bottom
of the outer cylinder depending on the nature of the matters to be
treated, and in the centre of the internal cylinder there is a shaft
carrying at the bottom a short worm or archimedian screw, and above
a number of arms or beaters of a spiral or other required shape, and
the shaft, which works in stuffing boxes at the top and bottom of the
outer cylinder is turned and stopped by means of a fast and loose pulley.
At the upper end of the internal cylinder there is a stationary disc
having on it a number of pins or projections leading outwards, and to
the shaft is fixed a similar disc having pins or projections, which as the
shaft and disc revolve can pass between the pins or projections on the
stationary disc.
The solid or liquid matters to be opened, agitated, and incorporated,
are placed in the outer cylinder and revolving motion given to the shaft,
worm, arms, and moveable disc; the worm and arms raising the matters
through the internal cylinder to the two dises, which pass them by
means of the pins or projections again into the outer cylinder, the
matters during the operation having been subjected to a continual
opening, agitating, and incorporating action, and the matters can be
circulated through the internal cylinder and between the discs as often
as required.
Between the stationary disc air, steam, or gas can be injected in order
to effect evaporation and distillation, and this injection can also take
place in the internal cylinder, and cold air can be injected between the
discs or into the cylinder to cause refrigeration, but for evaporating,
distilling, or refrigerating the revolving shaft, worm, and spiral and
other arms may be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special licence
that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR OPENING, DIVIDING, and INCORPORATING SOLID, LIQUID, AND
AERIFORM MATTERS; AND ALSO FOR THE EVAPORATION AND DISTILLATION OF
FLUIDS, AND THE ACCELERATION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES," a communication
to me from abroad by Charles Julius Schultze, of Vienna, in the
Empire of Austria, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and causo
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Figure on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thercon (that is to say) :—
This Invention consists in effecting a circulation of the treated
matters within two vessels, the circulation being more or less con-
tinuous, and having more or less speed as required; and in one vessel
the matters to be treated are raised by suitable arrangements, and in the
other they fall, and the machinery is adapted for mixing, incorporating,
evaporating, distilling, and refrigerating, and steam, air, or gas can be
injected when required.
One arrangement of this improved machinery is represented in the
vertical section on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and consists
of a comparatively large vessel or cylinder a supported by brackets

page_text: and beams b, and having a cover c and bottom d, and in the interior
of this vessel is fixed a similar cylinder e open at the top and bottom;
the distance of the two open ends from the top and bottom of the outer
vessel depending on the nature of the matters to be treated, the distances
being regulated by the screws and nuts g, and in the centre of the
internal cylinder there is a shaft carrying at the bottom a short
worm or archimedian screw i, and above a number of arms or beaters k
of a spiral or other required shape; and the shaft which works in stuffing
boxes l, m, at the top and bottom of the outer vessel a is turned and
stopped by fast and loose pulley n, o. To the upper part of the internal
cylinder, and also to the outer vessel is fixed a disc p, having on it a
number of pins or projections q leading outwards, and to the shaft is
fixed a similar disc r having arms & leading to pins or projections t
which as the shaft and disc revolve can pass between the pins or pro-
jections on the stationary disc.
The solid or liquid matters to be opened, agitated, and incorporated,
are placed in the outer vessel a, and revolving motion given to the
shaft h, worm i, arms or beaters k, and the moveable disc 1,
the worm,
and arms raising the matters through the internal cylinder to the two
discs, which pass them by means of their pins or projections again into
the outer vessel a, the matters during the operation having been sub-
jected to a continuous opening, agitating, and incorporating action, and
the matters can be circulated through the internal cylinder and between
the discs as often as required.
Below the stationary disc or between the two discs air, steam, or gas
can be injected in order to effect evaporation and distillation, and this
injection can also take place in the internal cylinder.
The treated matters are lifted by the worm i from the bottom of the
outer vessel into the internal cylinder e, where they are divided and
incorporated by the different arms, and then driven towards the under
side of the moveable disc, and the arms & of which throw the matters
between the two discs, where the pins or projections still further mix or
incorporate them, and then drive them into the concentric space of the
exterior vessel, where they fall to be lifted, divided, and incorporated
again, and so on as often as required.
For matters not required to be divided the arms and worm may be
dispensed with, and then the circulation and mixture is effected by the

page_text: injection of air, steam, or gas, and the thin layers on the stationary disc,
and the formation of the matters into drops when fluids are used, allow
a rapid and complete distillation when heat is introduced, and a speedy
and energetic refrigeration when cold air is injected. It will be readily
seen that this improved apparatus can be employed for mixing and
incorporating solid, liquid, and acriform matters, for refrigerating,
evaporating, and distilling, and also for assisting chemical processes
which are accelerated when the matters are intimately mixed and
incorporated.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said In-
vention as communicated to me from abroad, I claim the improved
machinery for opening, dividing, and incorporating solid, liquid, and
acriform matters; and also for the evaporation and distillation of fluids,
and the acceleration of chemical processes, substantially as herein
described and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of April One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-three.