Improvements Rubber Hose or Tubing.
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements Rubber Hose or Tubing.
I, James Yate JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RUBBER HOSE OR TUBING " which Invention has been communicated to me
from abroad by John Haven Cheever of the City of New York United States of
America Manufacturer of India Rubber goods to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to hose or tubing of india rubber and fibrous fabric
embedded therein and is particularly useful in connection with hose for air or
vacuum brakes on railway cars although not limited to such use.
The object of the Invention is to render the hose or tubing more durable and
less liable to accidental rupture from rotting of the. fibrous fabric.
The Invention or a part thereof has also for its object to protect the exterior
rubber sheath from injury and to facilitate handling.
The hose as heretofore made has consisted of three tubular layers united by
vulcanization. The inner tube or lining of the hose has been of rubber. The
second layer or tube has been composed of a sheet of fibrous fabric coated with
rubber and wrapt one or more times around the lining or inner tube. The third or
outer layer has been a rubber tube like the lining but usually of less thickness.
The strength of the hose resides mainly in the fibrous fabric. The rubber
renders the hose impermeable and also protects the fabric from the action of air
and moisture. Notwithstanding however the fact that the fabric is completely
covered both inside and outside with the tubular layers of rubber, it is still liable
to lose its strength by decay. If a small crack or other imperfection exist, as it
often may in some part of the rubber cover or rubber lining it gives access of
moisture to the fabric. The capillary attraction of the fibres composing the fabric
causes the moisture to be absorbed and distributed.
Although the fabric may be wrapped several times upon the lining the moisture
is carried by capillary attraction through all the windings Decay soon follows and
extends not to one only but to all the windings of fibrous fabric. It gradually
also develops lengthwise of the hose until the strength of the latter is destroyed
or impaired for a considerable space around the original crack or imperfection.
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page_text: The hose therefore although apparently unchanged is liable if subjected to pressure
to break or burst at any moment.
The importance of insuring against such ruptures in brake tubes which very
probably would occur under circumstances wherein they would be followed by a
destructive accident is sufficiently apparent. It is obvious also that in many other
uses the danger to life or property likely to follow the rupture of hose or tubing
may be very great.
The object of the present Invention is to prevent or reduce the liability of
danger due to the occurrence of such accidents.
It consists in providing the hose or tubing with two distinct tubular layers of
fibrous fabric separately wrapped or wound upon the interior layers or tubes and
in interposing between the said tubular layers of fabric an impervious tube or
tubular layer of india rubber so as wholly to separate or isolate the two fibrous
fabrics from each other. The hose is provided as heretofore with a tubular lining
of rubber and a tubular cover also of rubber.
The effect of the improvement is that if either lining or outer cover should
perchance admit moisture to the fibrous fabric beneath, the intermediate tube
would effectually prevent the same from passing to the second layer of fibrous
fabric.
. It is evident that more than two tubular layers of the wrapped fabric of fibrous
material could be used each separated from the adjacent one by an interposed
impervious tube of rubber.
In manufacturing the improved hose or tubing, the inner tube or lining of rubber
is first formed by wrapping a sheet or sheets of rubber prepared for vulcanization
around a mandrel. The inner fabrous layer is then applied. It is formed of a
sheet of cotton cloth or canvass coated with the valcanizable rubber compound and
wrapt around the rubber tube or lining as often as desired. The intermediate tube
or layer of rubber which is to isolate the two layers of fibrous fabric ia formed by
wrapping a sheet of the prepared rubber around the fibrous fabric just applied.
Next the second tube or tubular layer of fibrous fabric is formed of a sheet of
rubber conted cloth or canvass wrapped around the intermediate rubber tube.
Lastly the outer tube or cover of rubber is formed of a sheet of that material
wrapt around the fibrous fabric last applied.
After the five layers of tubes have all been formed one upon the other, the hose
is vulcanized in the usual way.
It is calculated to make either of the two layers or tubes of fibrous fabric
sufficiently strong to resist the whole pressure to which the hose will probably be
exposed.
In order to protect the rubber hose when exposed to handling especially by
greasy hands, it is provided with a close fitting fibrous envelope or jacket of yarn
or thread knitted or woven, or knitted and woven upon the hose or tube after it
has been vulcanized.
In carrying out this portion of the Invention the hose after it has been formed
either in the manner herein before described or in any other suitable way is placed
in a knitting, or weaving and knitting machine and the fibrous envelope (usually
of cotton or linen) is knit or woven and knit tightly around it.
This part of the invention is applicable not only to hose constructed as herein
described but to any hose formed of fibrous fabric and rubber.
The improved hose described may be used without the protecting envelope or
jacket of fibrous material.
Do
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page_text: "
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RUBBER HOSE OR TUBING which Invention has been communicated to me
from abroad by John Haven Cheever of the City of New York United States of
America Manufacturer of India Rubber Goods and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This Invention has reference to hose or tubing of india rubber and fibrous fabric
embedded therein and is particularly useful in connection with hose for air or
vacuum brakes on railway cars although not limited to such use.
The object of the Invention is to render the hose or tubing more durable and less
liable to accidental rupture from rotting of the fibrous fabric.
The invention or a part thereof has also for its object to protect the exterior
rubber sheath from injury and to facilitate handling.
The hose as heretofore made has consisted of three tubular layers united by
anization. The inner tube or lining of the hose has been of rubber. The
und layer or tube has been composed of a sheet of fibrous fabric coated with
rubber and wrapped one or more times around the lining or inner tube. The
third or outer layer has been a rubber tube like the lining but usually of loss
thickness.
The strength of the hose resides mainly in the fibrous fabric. The rubber renders
the hose impermeable and also protects the fabric from the action of air and
moisture Notwithstanding however the fact that the fabric is completely covered
both inside and outside with the tubular layers of rubber, it is still liable to lose its
strength by decay. If a small crack or other imperfection exist, as it often may, in
some part of the rubber cover or rubber lining it gives access of moisture to the
fabric. The capillary attraction of the fibres composing the fabric causes the
moisture to be absorbed and distributed.
Although the fabric may be wrapped several times upon the lining the moisture
is carried by capillary attraction through all the windings. Decay soon follows
and extends not to one only but to all the windings of fibrous fabric. It gradually
also developes lengthwise of the hose until the strength of the latter is destroyed or
impaired for a considerable space around the original crack or imperfection. The
hose, therefore, although apparently unchanged is liable, if subjected to pressure, to
break or burst at any moment.
The importance of insuring against such ruptures in brake tubes which very
probably would occur under circumstances wherein they would be followed by a
destructive accident is sufficiently apparent It is obvious also that in many other
uses the danger to life or property likely to follow the rupture of hose or tubing
may be very great.
The object of the present Invention is to prevent or reduce the liability of
danger due to the occurrence of such accidents.
It consists in providing the hose or tubing with two distinct tubular layers of
fibrous fabric separately wrapped or wound upon the interior layers or tubes and
in interposing between the said tubular layers of fabric an impervious tube or

page_text: tubular layer of India rubber so as wholly to separate or isolate the two fibrous
fabrics from each other The hose is provided as heretofore with a tubular lining
of rubber and a tubular cover also of rubber.
The effect of the improvement is that if either lining or outer cover should
perchance admit moisture to the fibrous fabric beneath the intermediate tube would
effectually provent the same from passing to the second layer of fibrous fabric.
It is evident that more than two tubular layers of the wrapped fabric of fibrous
material could be used each soparated from the adjacent one by an interposed
impervious tube of rubber.
.
In manufacturing the improved hose or tubing the inner tube or lining of rubber
is first formed by wrapping a sheet or sheets of rubber prepared for vulcanization
around a mandril The inner fibrous layer is then applied It is formed of a sheet
of cotton cloth or canvass coated with the vulcanizable rubber compound and
wrapped around the rubber tube or lining as often as desired The intermediate
tube or layer of rubber which is to isolate the two layers of fibrous fabric is formed
by wrapping a sheet of the prepared rubber around the fibrous fabric just applied
Next the second tube or tubular layer of fibrous fabric is formed of a sheet of
rubber coated cloth or canvass wrapped around the intermediate rubber tube
Lastly the outer tube or cover of rubber is formed of a sheet of that material
wrapped around the fibrous fabric last applied.
After the five layers or tubes have all been formed one upon the other the hose
is vulcanized in the usual way,
It is calculated to make either of the two layers or tubes of fibrous fabric
sufficiently strong to resist the whole pressure to which the hose will probably be
exposed.
"
In order to protect the rubber hose when exposed to handling, especially by
greasy hands, it is provided with a close fitting fibrous envelope or jacket of yarn
or thread, knitted or woven, or knitted and woven upon the hose or tube after it
has been vulcanized.
In carrying out this portion of the invention the hose after it has been formed,
either in the manner hereinbefore described or in any other suitable way, is placed
in a knitting, or weaving and knitting machine, and the fibrous envelope (usually
of cotton or linen) is knit or woven and knit, tightly around it.
This part of the invention is applicable not only to hose constructed as herein
described, but to any hose, formed of fibrous fabric and rubber.
The improved hose described may be used without the protecting envelope or
jacket of fibrous material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The vulcanized rubber hose or tubing comprising distinct wrappings of
fibrous fabric in sheets with an interposed impervious tube or tubular layer of
rubber completely isolating one sheet or wrapping from the other, said hose or
tubing being further provided with a lining of rubber and also with an exterior
rubber covering substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. The hose or tubing of fibrous fabric embedded in vulcanized rubber,
provided with a separable but close fitting fibrous envelope of knit thread or yarn
or its equivalent substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated the eighth day of August 1885.