IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING STOVES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Eggar, of Aldershot, in the County of Hants,
Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
COOKING STOVES."
Sealed the 24th May 1878, and dated the 27th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Eggar at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1877.
FREDERICK EGGAR, of Aldershot, in the County of Hants, Architect. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING STOVES."
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a cheap and efficient stove, suitable
for use in club houses, hospitals, workhouses, and barracks.
The cooking stoves hitherto employed in such places have required a large ex-
penditure of fuel which was due to the principle of their construction.
I now propose to form around the fire-place (both at the sides and back) a water
chamber which will constitute a boiler for the supply of hot water, or it may be a
portion only of such boiler. The fire-place I line with fire-brick, and close the top
with a plate, which extends from end to end of the stove. In rear of the fire-place
and boiler I arrange a series of ovens which are isolated from each other by flues, so
arranged as to allow of the heated gasses from the fire-place passing over and under
them on their way to the chimney, the opening to which is controlled by a damper.
These ovens may either extend from one side of the stove to the other, or by means
of a vertical division plate running longitudinally of the stove; they may be con-
tracted in their depth to provide for the formation of hot closets on the opposite side
of the stove to that at which access is gained to the ovens.
Provision is made for causing the heated gasses to take a zig-zag course when
that is desired, over the ovens and hot closets, and thus to increase the heat of
the top plate, which I utilize for boiling pots and kettles.
In some cases I propose to substitute for some or all of the hot closets an extension
of the boiler lengthwise of the stove, and I then make a central flue through the

page_text: boiler to near the end thereof for the better heating of the same. This flue will open
into the fire-place, and terminate somewhat short of the boiler end, and conduct
the hot gases either to the top or underneath the boiler to permit of their tra-
versing over or around the boiler before escaping at the chimney.
For military use, the stove may be mounted on wheels, and fitted with a
stage or receptacle near the fire-door for containing fuel. In such case there
would also be required a smoke box and a funnel, the latter being hinged to
allow of its folding back out of the way of any obstruction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Eggar in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th May
1878.
FREDERICK EGGAR, of Aldershot, in the County of Hants, Architect.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING STOVES."
"IMPROVE-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a cheap and efficient cooking
apparatus or stove, suitable for use in club houses, hospitals, workhouses, barracks,
public institutions generally, and for private dwellings.
The cooking stoves hitherto employed in such places consume a larger quantity
of fuel than is justified by the results produced in cooking. This is due to the
defective principle upon which such stoves are constructed.
In carrying out my Invention, I construct the cooking stoves according to
the special uses for which they are intended, providing in one case a comparatively
large amount of baking space, in another case a large capacity for steaming or boiling
food, and in another a comparatively large water heating space where baths and a
laundry are required to be supplied with hot water.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shown three arrangements of the cooking
stove to illustrate these special requirements, but in each example it will be seen
that an extended hot plate is provided, and upon this cooking may be carried on, or
articles already cooked can be kept hot.
In Sheet I., of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional
elevation of my improved cooking stove, in which the facility for baking is most
prominent.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same, showing the doors for giving access to
the ovens.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of the opposite side of the stove.
Fig. 4 is a sectional plan of the stove taken in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan taken at the line 3, 4, of Fig. 1.
And, Fig. 6 is a top view of the stove showing the hot plate, and its removable
fittings.
A is the fire-place or furnace situate at one end of an oblong rectangular chamber
constituting the outer case of the stove; around this fire-place is formed, at the

page_text: sides and back, a water chamber constituting a boiler B for the supply of hot water
or steam necessary for use in cooking. At the back of the fire-place or furnace a
lump of fire-brick C is placed extending from side to side of the stove, thereby securing
greater heat, and also preventing an undue reduction in the temperature of the first
of a set or series of ovens D, D, which are situate in rear of the fire-place.
The fire-place is shut in by a strong door projecting forward sufficiently to admit
of an inside casing to prevent any undue loss of heat in the front. In this door is
nade a ventilating slide just beneath the furnace bars, to admit air and regulate the
draught.
Underneath the furnace will be an ash pan fitted accurately to slide in and out
when required. By this arrangement, all escape of ashes and dust into the room is
prevented. Above the furnace door I propose to fix a smaller door, opening inde-
pendently of the one below it. This arrangement will serve to admit fuel without
opening the door below.
The entire surface of the stove is covered by a cast-iron plate E, E, which forms,
with the top of the ovens, an air chamber F for the distribution of heat, and for
securing a high and uniform temperature over the surface of the top plate.
The Drawing shows two ovens D, D, isolated from each other by and sur-
rounded by flues, so arranged as to allow the heated gases to pass from the
fire-place, over, under, and around them in their passage to the chimney, the
openings to which are controlled, and the heat regulated by one or more dampers
as may be required, and according to the size of the apparatus. These ovens and
the flues surrounding them, will be extended from one end of the stove to the
other and so divided that the heat shall be equalized around them.
The size of the ovens can be reduced, and the number increased or diminished.
The ovens are closed in front by strongly made doors, and accurately fitted to prevent
loss of heat, regulating slides being introduced to allow for the escape of steam and
reduction of temperature, when necessary.
The boiler is made of strong wrought-iron plates of greater or less thickness,
according to the capacity of the chamber and the heat required. These boilers may
be either welded or rivetted together, and fitted with apparatus for opening at top
and bottom, for cleaning. Provision will be made for causing the heated gases to
take a zig-zag course through the air chamber beneath the top plate, whereby the
heat may be increased for the purpose of boiling pots and kettles placed on the
surface. The top plate is made of cast or wrought iron, and fitted with a ring im-
mediately over the furnace; by this means vessels may be placed in more direct
contact with the fire, as may be necessary for frying and other purposes.
It is also fitted with square plates, as shown in the Drawing. These latter will
be moveable, but so fitted that smoke from the furnace doos not escape, the object
of these plates being to allow for the expansion of the plate, when heated, and also
to facilitate the removal of the soot and dust resting on the top of the ovens and
boiler.
For the supply of fresh water, an iron pipe is inserted at the back corner of the
boiler, and extending from thence under the top plate to the back end of the stove,
outside of which is a stop-cock and union joint, to which may be attached a supply
cistern, with ball-cock, or pipe, or hose, extending to any distance that may be
necessary for obtaining the supply of water.
At the opposite corner of the boiler another pipe is inserted, to allow for the ex-
pansion of water or the escape of steam when the water is heated to that temperature.
This pipe will be made to extend to the flue or chimney; and at various distances
stop-cocks or taps will be introduced for the purpose of utilizing the hot water or steam
for cooking in vessels sunk into or placed on the top plate, as hereafter explained.
This arrangement of supply and draw-off pipes, I have not thought necessary to
show in all the Drawings, as the means of carrying it out will be obvious to every
competent workman, and modifications will be required to suit special circum-
stances.

page_text: In Sheet II. of the Drawings I have shown a stove of greater capacity for cooking
than that just described, Fig. 7 being a sectional plan view, and Fig. 8 a top view of the
stove; in this case the boiler B is shown as at the back, and one side only of the
fire-place A, and at the opposite side of the fire-place a steamer G is situated.
In rear of this steamer are two others, which lie abreast of the oven D, and a
hot chamber H, which hot chamber is situate in rear of the oven. These steamers
consist of water chambers containing perforated vessels or strainers which are
supplied with steam, as required, from the boiler B. They are closed by covers G¹, G¹,
which provide ready access to the interior, in other respects the stove will be
constructed in a manner similar to that described with reference. to Sheet I., there
being, however, an air chamber in this case between the boiler and the oven.
In Sheet III. of the Drawings I have shown in longitudinal sectional elevation at
Fig. 9, and in plan view at Fig. 10, a modified arrangement of my improved stove,
in which the boiler is extended, and takes the place of the hob closets, the disposi-
tion of the ovens being similar to that shown at Fig. 1. The air space or horizontal
flue immediately below the hot plate, is in this place divided longitudinally, as shown
by the dotted lines x, x, in Fig. 10, and dampers are provided as at y, z, for shutting
off or changing the direction of the flow of the heated gases.
The boiler B, it will be seen, extends rearwards to near the end of the stove, and
a ziz-zag flue B¹ is made through it, into which the heated gases are diverted when
required by the damper Z. These gases passing thus through the boiler, proceed in
the direction of the arrows under the boiler to the exit pipe B².
When baking is required as well as a supply of hot water, the damper Y is raised,
and the heated gases will flow over and under the ovens, as well as through and
under the boiler.
If, however, a large supply of water is required, the damper Y is closed, and the
action of the heat is then concentrated upon the boiler. The above-described
arrangement will leave the hot plate free for use for cooking and heating purposes.
For military use, field manoeuvres, or other purposes where the use of a portable
cooking stove is desired, I mount the stove on a carriage with low wheels, with a
stage running around for carrying fuel or fittings required for working it. In such
cases the smoke box will be placed at the end of the stove, surmounted by a chim-
ney, the latter being hinged to allow of its being folded back over the top of the
stove when travelling.
The stoves, both fixed and portable rest on a wrought or cast iron bed plate to
which the sides are securely fixed. They are not liable to get out of repair, and the
great expense of setting in brickwork is done away with.
Having now set forth the nature of the said Invention of "Improvements in the
construction of cooking stoves," and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent, I claim, arranging cooking stoves with a hot plate extending over the fire-
place, and in rear thereof, and in combination with such hot plate, baking, boiling
and steaming chambers, over, between, and around which the heated gases of com-
bustion are conducted, as described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Eggar, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.