A Machine for Manufacturing Conical Wooden Rings or Bushes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 17th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left. 17th Feb. 1893-Accepted. 13th May. 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Machine for Manufacturing Conical Wooden Rings or Bushes.
I, ADRIEN ALBERT COLLET, of 2 Rue de Berne, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to a machine for manufacturing and sizing in a single
operation conical wooden rings, more particularly the conical rings or bushes
employed for lining the screw-holes of railway-rail-flanges or chairs.
These rings which have hitherto been turned out of wooden bars can by my
invention be manufactured from scraps or pieces of refuse or waste wood, previously
cut by any suitable means into small cubes or prisms of convenient dimensions ;
such cubes or prisms being then by my machine manufactured by a single operation
into rings or bushes conical on their exterior and interior, and having the required
dimensions and cone.
The machine consists of a kind of lathe having a fixed and a movable head-stock
supporting shafts which correspond exactly and turn in the same direction and with
the same speed.
The shaft of the fixed head-stock carries a spring-point or centre and two or
more grippers. The shaft of the movable head-stock carries a tool or centre-bit,
the end of which forms the centre of the bit during the exterior turning of the
ring, and this centre bit is adapted to cut the hole or conical boring of the ring in
one passage.
Between the head-stocks is a carriage provided with a rack in which gears a
pinion keyed on the shaft of a lever operated by hand or preferably automatically
as hereinafter described.
The carriage carries a slide on which is fixed the tool-holder of a tool serving to
turn the exterior of the ring to be made. The slide is connected to another slide
adapted to move over a bar, one end of which is jointed to a bracket and the other
end of which works over a screw in another bracket. This screw allows of
regulating at will the inclination of the bar and consequently the inclination of
travel of the tool. This tool is regulated, with relation to the block of wood to be
turned, by operating a screw which causes the first named slide to approach or
recede for the purpose of adjusting or placing the wood block from which the
conical ring is to be made. A guide is fixed on the carriage.
On the carriage is also mounted a bracket with a split ring. The split ring, of a
size to receive the wood block when it is turned on the exterior, is confined in the
bracket by tightening a bolt which nevertheless allows it a certain elasticity owing
to radial grooves being formed in the bracket.
The movable head-stock is alternately moved in a rectilinear direction by the
following arrangement of mechanism.
Behind and parallel with the bed of the lathe I arrange a shaft provided with a
speed cone and an endless screw which drives a helicoidal wheel which is loose on
a transverse shaft with which it gears by means of a friction cone. On the shaft
is keyed a cam over the curvilinear contour of which rolls a roller carried by a
lever. This lever is fixed to a shaft which carries a pinion geared with a rack
under the movable head-stock.
Thus the continuous movement of the cam-shaft transmits a reciprocatory
movement to the movable head-stock. The tool of this head-stock is revolved in
the direction of rotation of the centre of the fixed head-stock by means of a band
passing over one of the pulleys on the shaft of the said tool.

page_text: The gearing of the helicoidal wheel with the cone is effected by springs located
in the boss of the latter and its disengagement is effected by operating a lever.
The continuous movement of the cam-shaft is converted into a reciprocating
movement on the shaft of the gear-wheel which gears with the rack of the carriage
by the connection of a lever keyed on the end of the cam-shaft with a lever on the
shaft of the said gear-wheel.
I can employ any suitable arrangements, for expelling the turnings, such for
example, as a small air-pump, the piston of which is connected to the carriage so as
to project a jet of air during the advance of the carriage or during its return; or I
can employ an air-accumulator giving intermittent and automatic air-jets.
The permanent contact of the roller lever with the curvilinear contour of the
cam is insured by the application of a counterweight which is suspended on the end
of a cord, the other end of which is attached to the movable head-stock. The cord
is guided in the groove of a roller supported in a bracket on the lathe-bed.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-
At the commencement of each operation the movable head-stock is situated at its
farthest position on the right hand side and the shafts of the head-stocks as well as
the shaft of the endless screw are in movement. The workman places the cube of
wood to be turned against the guide, between this guide and the centre of the
fixed head-stock, so that the faces of the cube are flush with the sides and top of
the guide. The movable head-stock advances from right to left, as well as the
carriage, until the cube is centred upon the point of the fixed head-stock and
secured upon the grippers of the latter. The cube which has left the guide is in
position to be turned with the centre of the fixed head-stock and the tool carried
by the latter. The carriage moves back from left to right and during the passage
the other tool turns the outside of the cube to the required cone at this moment
the split ring clamps the object thus turned until it leaves the centre of the fixed
head-stock meanwhile pushing the turned object over the moving tool carried by
the fixed head-stock, the effect of which is to bore out and complete the ring. As
the latter tool is conical the hole which it forms is also conical.
The carriage moves back from right to left until the ring which is being made is
brought against the nose of the fixed head-stock in order to remove the said ring
from the split ring. The made ring then falls and the workman operates on
another cube of wood.
These various movements are made very rapidly in succession and the workman,
so to speak, has only just sufficient time to replace one cube of wood by another.
If it is desired to turn the front face of the ring, a transverse cutter is arranged
on the tool-holder and moves with the said tool.
Dated this 17th day of May 1909
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Machine for Manufacturing Conical Wooden Rings or Bushes.
I, ADRIEN ALBERT COLLET, of 2, Rue de Berne, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to a machine for manufacturing and sizing in a single
operation conical wooden rings, more particularly the conical rings or bushes
employed for lining the screw-holes of railway rail-flanges or chairs.
These rings which have hitherto been turned out of wooden bars can by my
invention be manufactured from scraps or pieces of refuse or waste wood, previously
cut by any suitable means into small cubes or prisms of convenient dimensions;

page_text: such cubes or prisms being then by my machine manufactured by a single operation
into rings or bushes conical on their exterior and interior, and having the required
dimensions and cone.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by refereuce to the accompanying drawing, in which :-
:-
Figure 1 is a front elevation and Figure 2 is a plan of the improved machine
for manufacturing conical rings or bushes :
Figures 3 and 4 are vertical sections on the line 1-2 of Figure 2, shewing
respectively the side view of the parts, one on the right hand and the other on the
left hand of the line of section :
Figure 5 shews on an enlarged scale the manufactured ring; the dotted lines
representing the cubical piece of wood from which it is made:
Figure 6 shews a modification in which the carriage and the headstocks herein-
after described are mounted on one side of the bed:
Figure 7 shews front and side views of a special tool for turning the exterior
of the wooden ring.
The machine consists of a kind of lathe and comprises feet a, a bed b, and two
head-stocks c, c. These head-stocks support shafts which correspond exactly and
turn in the same direction and with the same speed. The head-stock c is fixed
and the head-stock is adapted to slide along the bed.
The shaft of the head-stock c is terminated by a spring-point or centre and two
or more grippers. The shaft of the movable head-stock c¹ carries a boring tool
or centre-bit d, and this tool is adapted to cut the hole or conical bore of the ring
in one passage.
Between the head-stocks the bed receives a carriage e provided with a rack el
in which gears a pinion keyed on the shaft f¹ of a cranks' operated by hand or
preferably automatically as hereinafter described.
The carriage e carries a slide j on which is fixed the tool-holder of a tool i
serving to turn the exterior of the ring to be made. This tool is constructed of a
strip of curved steel but preferably of a steel ring mounted by means of a set-
screw on a support 4 (Figure 7). By this arrangement when the working part of
the steel ring ceases to cut the ring is adjusted so as to bring a sharp edge
opposite the piece of wood to be turned, thus avoiding the necessity of frequently
sharpening the tool. The slide is connected to another slide k adapted to move
upon a bar ¹, one end of which is jointed to a bracket and the other end of
which works over a screw in another bracket 1. This screw allows of
regulating at will the inclination of the bar k¹ and consequently the inclination
of travel of the tool i. This tool is regulated, with relation to the block of wood
to be turned, by operating a screw which causes the slide j to approach or recede.
A guide y is fixed on the carriage e for the purpose of adjusting or placing the
block of wood from which the conical ring is to be made.
On the carriage e is also mounted a bracket h having a split ring h. The split
ring h', of a size to receive the block of wood when it is turned on the exterior, is
confined in the bracket by tightening a bolt h², a certain elasticity being,
however, allowed by the radial grooves formed in the bracket h.
The head-stock c¹ is alternately moved in a rectilinear direction by the following
arrangement of mechanism.
Behind and parallel with the bed 6 of the lathe I arrange a shaft v provided
with a speed-cone v and an endless screw which drives a helicoidal wheel r which
is loose on a transverse shaft o, with which it gears by means of a friction coner.
On the shaft is keyed a cam over the curvilinear contour of which rolls a
roller carried by a lever . This lever is fixed to a shaft o' which carries a
pinion geared with a rack n on the underside of the head-stock c¹.
Thus the continuous movement of the cam-shaft o transmits a reciprocatory
movement to the head-stock c¹. The tool d of this head-stock is revolved in the
direction of rotation of the centre of the fixed head-stock c by means of a band
passing over one of the pulleys on the shaft of the said tool d.

page_text: The gearing of the helicoidal wheel with the cone is effected by springs
located in the boss of the latter and its disengagement is effected by operating a
lever R.
The continuous movement of the shaft o is converted into a reciprocating
movement by a crank s keyed on the end of the shaft o and communicating motion
through a connecting rod to a crank s ou the shaft of the gear-wheel ƒ which
engages with the rack of the carriage e.
I can employ any suitable arrangements for expelling the turnings resulting
from the working of the tools i and d, such for example, as a small air-pump t,
the piston of which is connected to the carriage e so as to project a jet of air
during the advance of the carriage or during its return; or I can employ an air-
accumulator giving intermittent and automatic air jets.
The carriage e and the head-stocks c, c may advantageously be arranged at
the side of the bed (Figure 6) in which case the turnings fall direct onto the
ground and do not interfere with the movement of the carriage e and of the head-
stock c and further the necessity of a blower is dispensed with. The letters of
reference in this figure are the same as those referring to similar parts in
Figures 1 to 4.
The permanent contact of the lever having the roller with the curvilinear
contour of the cam 2 is insured by a counterweight p suspended on the end of a
cord p', the other end of which is attached to the head-stock c'. The cord p' is
guided in the groove of a roller p² supported in a bracket p³ on the lathe-bed b.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-At the commencement of each
operation the head-stock c¹ is situated at its farthest position on the right hand
side and the shafts of the head-stocks c, c' as well as the shaft of the endless
screw are in movement. The workman places the cube of wood to be turned
against the guide q between this guide and the centre of the head-stock c so that
the faces of the cube are flush with the sides and top of the guide. The head-
stock c advances from right to left, as well as the carriage e, until the cube is
centred upon the point of the head-stock and secured upon the grippers of the
latter by the head of the tool d. The cube which has left the guide g turns with
the point of the head-stock e and the tool d. The carriage e moves back from left
to right and during the passage the tool i turns the outside of the cube to the
required cone at this moment the split ring / clamps the object thus turned until
it leaves the point of the fixed head-stock c, the turned object being pushed over
the moving tool d which bores out and completes the ring. As the tool d is conical
the hole which it forms is also conical.
C
The carriage moves back from right to left until the ring is brought against the
nose of the fixed head-stock in order to remove the said ring from the split ring h.
The finished ring then falls and the workman operates on another cube of wood.
These various movements are made very rapidly in succession and the work-
man, so to speak, has only just sufficient time to replace one cube of wood by
another.
If it is desired to turn the front face of the ring, a transverse cutter is arranged
on the tool-holder d and moves with the said tool.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A machine for manufacturing conical wooden rings or bushes comprising a
lathe bed having thereon a fixed head-stock with point or centre and grippers, a
movable head-stock with boring tool and a carriage carrying the tool for turning
the exterior of the ring, a guide and a split ring, the latter being adapted to
remove the wooden block from the point or centre and grippers after it has been
turned externally and to present this block to the boring tool which forms the
internal conical bole, the rotary movements of the point and grippers and of
the boring tool being effected at the same time and in the same direction and the

page_text: to-and-fro movements of the movable head-stock and of the carriage being effected
together and produced either automatically or by hand, and a blower for blowing
aud driving out the turnings resulting from the operation of the machine,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
2. A machine for manufacturing conical wooden rings or bushes constructed as
herein before described essentially characterised by the simultaneous rotations in
the same direction of the point or centre in the fixed head-stock and of the boring
tool in the movable head-stock and also by the alternate rectilinear movements of
the movable head-stock and of the carriage with the tool, the whole in combination
with a suitable blower for driving out or removing the turnings resulting from
the turning and drilling of the conical rings, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. A machine for manufacturing conical wooden rings or bushes in which there
are mounted at the side of the lathe bed a fixed head-stock with a point or centre
and grippers, a movable head-stock with boring tool and a carriage carrying the
tool for turning the outer surface of the ring or bush, a guide and a split ring,
the latter being adapted to remove from the point or centre and grippers the
wooden block after being turned externally and to present this block to the tool
which forms the internal conical hole, the rotary movements of the point or centre
and grippers and of the boring tool operating at the same time and in the same
direction and the two-and-fro movements of the movable head-stock and of the
carriage taking place together automatically substantially in the manner herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. A machine for manufacturing conical wooden rings or bushes in which the
points turn together and in the same direction with or without the longitudinal
movement of one of the head-stocks and of the tool carriage and with or without
a blower.
5. In a machine for manufacturing conical wooden rings or bushes constructed
as herein described the use of the improved tool illustrated in Figure 7 mounted
eccentrically with relation to the ring to be turned whereby only a partial rotation
of such tool is necessary to replace a worn part by a sharpened part, substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 17th dow of Fahru 1002
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.