IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS. FOR FIRING BRICKS, EARTHENWARE, CHINA, POTTERY, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Clement Robey, of Sunnybank, in the Parish
of Wolstanton, in the County of Stafford, General Agent, Edward
Banks and Thomas Forester, both of Hanley, in the Parish of
Stoke-upon-Trent, in the said County of Stafford, Potters, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS.
FOR FIRING BRICKS, EARTHENWARE, CHINA, POTTERY, AND SUCH LIKE
SUBSTANCES." Partly a communication from abroad by De Bettignies
Brothers of St. Amand. in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clement Robey, Edward
Banks, and Thomas Forester at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th March 1873.
I, CLEMENT ROBEY, of Sunnybank, in the Parish of Wolstanton, in
the County of Stafford, General Agent, EDWARD BANKS and THOMAS
FORESTER, both of Hanley, in the Parish of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the
said County of Stafford, Potters, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS

page_text: FOR FIRING BRICKS, EARTHENWARE, China, POTTERY, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES,”
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct kilns or ovens for firing
bricks, earthenware, and such like materials in such a manner that the
heat shall be better distributed throughout the oven, and be better
utilized than in existing ovens, whereby a very great saving in fuel is
effected.
In the Drawing hereunto annexed Figure 1 shews a vertical section,
and Figure 2 a horizontal section of a kiln or oven constructed according
to our Invention; the left-hand portion of Figure 2 shews the oven
bottom or floor; the right-hand portion is a section taken under the
oven bottom, and shews the flues in the chamber below. In these
Figures Frepresents the fire-hole of the oven, the heat from which goes
first into what is called the bags, which is a flue or chimney, of which
there are 9 in the oven, although there may be more or less according
to size of oven, going up the inside a few feet to carry up the heat, as
marked A. There is then a flue marked O, which goes from bag to bag
all round under the oven bottom, and from which there are circular flues
marked r.
There is also the flue marked H, which also carries a portion
of the heat from the bags to the centre flue or pipe hole G, where all
meet, carrying heat up the centre of the oven. K represents the top
of the oven where there is an iron door, which may be opened or closed
at pleasure, opend to cool the oven when fired, or closed to prevent
the heat escaping. The heat will then be drawn downwards and passes
through the flues marked C into a large circular flue E, which is under
the flue H, and will pass off therefrom into a chimney stack or shaft.
It will thus be seen that the heated gases from the fire-holes circulate
in numerous ascending and descending currents throughout the interior
of the oven, there being ascending currents from the central flue G,
and from the numerous flues just inside the oven walls and descending
currents in the intermediate space, consequently the heat will be well
distributed throughout the entire oven and be all utilized, thereby
effecting a great saving in fuel as well as in the wear and tear of
ovens.
The improvements above described may readily be applied to existing
he simnly taking out the ordinary bottoms and reconstructing

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Clement Robey, Edward Banks, and Thomas
Forester, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th September
1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CLEMENT
ROBEY, of Sunnybank, in the Parish of Wolstanton, in the County of
Stafford, General Agent, EDWARD BANKS and THOMAS FORESTER, both
of Hanley, in the Parish of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the said County of
Stafford, Potters, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Clement Robey, Edward Banks, and Thomas
Forester, Her special license that we, the said Clement Robey, Edward
Banks, and Thomas Forester, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Clement Robey, Edward Banks, and
Thomas Forester, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS OR OVENS FOR FIRING BRICKS,
EARTHENWARE, CHINA, POTTERY, AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES," the result partly
of communication from abroad made to us by De Bettignies Brothers,
St. Amand, in the Republic of France, and partly of Invention and
discovery made by ourselves, upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Clement Robey, Edward Banks, and Thomas Forester, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
kilns or ovens for firing bricks, earthenware, china, pottery, and such
like substances.
In order to obtain a more equable distribution of the heat within the
kiln the heated products from the fires are caused to enter partly by
the "bags" or side flues and partly by an opening in the centre of the
bottom or floor. These currents rise and intermingle; they impart a
portion of their heat to the kiln and its contents and then descend, and
an escape is provided for them by intermediate openings in the bottom
or floor ranged around the central inlet opening.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and

page_text: What we claim is the construction of kilns in such manner that the
heated products from the fires enter both centrally and circumferentially,
and escape by intermediate openings in the bottom or floor, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Forester, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.