Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Buildings or Fabrics Formed of Plates of Cement, Plaster, Stone, and the like, Laid Edgewise.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Nov., 1892-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Construction of Buildings or
Fabrics Formed of Plates of Cement, Plaster, Stone, and the like,
Laid Edgewise.
I, OTTO BÖKLEN, of Lauffen, on the Neckar, Wirtemberg, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the building of single or double walls of solid
or cellular cement plaster or stone plates placed edgewise, and a suitable manner
of connecting or strutting them in such a way that the whole wall is guarded
against cracking as well as bending.
This invention is also admirably suitable for building flat or domed, single or
double ceilings or bridges with straight or curved plates.
On the accompanying drawings-
Figures 1 to 13 show my fastener in its application to single and double vertical
walls, and to flat or domed ceilings.
For single walls, Figures 6 to 7", my fastener consists essentially either-
a) Of hollow clamps with disc shaped projections (Figures 6 and 7), which are
inserted in recesses in the plates and thus facilitate the exact fitting together of
'the plates, that is to say, the production of perfectly level or curved outerside to
the walls;
b) Of flat clamps with thickened or hooked ends (Figures 7 and 7) which are
inserted in the joints in the longitudinal direction of the plates, for which suitable.
recesses are then made in the plates.
When building these walls, pins are passed through these clamps, and are:
attached to each other by means of wire or bar iron for the purpose of fastening
the separate plates firmly in their positions to each other, at least for such a time
until the cement mortar has completely set. These ties or struts can then be
removed and the holes filled up with cement. If desirable, the ties may also be
allowed to remain and be employed as supports for the plaster.
In double walls, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8, the following may be employed for
fasteners. a. Double clamps with discs of the kind shown in Figure. 5 the ends of
which embrace both walls between each two discs, and are also tied between both
walls by means of wire or hoop iron. If these walls are intended to be transport-
able as a whole, it is preferable to place plates above and below, and to connect
them also with this fastening. If the walls are intended to be permanently fixed
the lower plates may be dispensed with, and the upper ones do not need to be tied,
as friction and the weight of the beams or rafters resting thereon afford sufficient
security for their remaining firm. The clamp ties placed between the two walls
are omitted. . Single, double or elbowed double clamps with thickened, disc shaped
or hooked ends are shown in Figures 11, 114, 11, 12, 12 and 12B, which are
employed in the manner shown in Figures 3 and 8 in such a way that one end is
placed in one wall and the other end in the other wall and cemented in. According
to whether the double wall is to resist cracking or bending (from wind pressure)
these clamps are inserted horizontally or obliquely. The elbow clamps 11 or 12B
are employed at the angles of the wall.
For domes, bridges, ceilings and the like, the clamps shown in Figures 11, 114,
12 and 12 may be employed and may be inserted vertically or obliquely and
cemented or built into with masonry. Such domes have a very great solidity when
the room is otherwise also suitably constructed.
The upper and lower walls may be regarded as binding pieces and the clamps as

page_text: fillings, as in the case of a bridge, so that the dome offers a very great resistance
to bending, that is to say, a corresponding supporting capacity, Figures 9 and 10.
It is very advantageous both for walls, as well as domes and ceilings, to employ
cellular flat or curved cement or plates, Figures 13 and 134, the cells being turned
to the inside so that the smooth surface faces outwards. The thickness of the
walls is thereby considerably increased without increasing the weight to any very
considerable extent, and consequently the capacity of resistance both to cracking
as well as bending is enlarged. Naturally my arrangement of clamps may also be
employed for various other purposes such, for instance, as building vaults,
canals, etcetera.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. In building single or double walls of cement or plaster blocks, stone plates
and the like, placed edgewise, connecting the same in such manner, that in the case
of (a) single walls, the clamps employed, as shown in Figures 7 and 74, are tightly
connected with one another by means of pins passed through the same and ties,
this fastening being allowed to remain until the mortar or cement has set, (b) in
double walls, Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5, tieing the double clamp, Figure 5, between
both walls and allowing such fastening to remain.
2. In double walls for bridges, domes, flat roofs and the like, connecting both
parts of the wall by means of single, double or elbowed clamps, the ends of which
are thickened, hooked or provided with small discs, Figures 11-12B, one end of
such clamps being always cemented or built into one part of the wall, the clamps
being arranged horizontally, obliquely or vertically (Figures 3, 8, 9 and 10) in
such a way that they may be regarded as the panels of a bridge for instance, of
which the two walls form the binding pieces, and resist cracking or bending when
suitably loaded.
3. In carrying out the mode of building described in Claim 1 or 2, the use of
cellular cement, or plaster plates (Figures 13 and 134) in which the cells are
turned inwards, or stand when placed together with the cells inwards.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1892.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.