IMPROVE- MENTS IN TUYERES FOR FURNACES AND FORGES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Worcester, of Stoke, near Coventry, in
the County of Warwick, Druggist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TUYERES FOR FURNACES AND FORGES."-A communication from
abroad by John Bayliss, of New York, in the United States of
America.
Sealed the 11th December 1868, and dated the 15th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Worcester at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th June 1868.
I, FREDERICK WORCESTER, of Stoke, near Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Druggist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR FURNACES AND FORGES," (a communi-
cation,) to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of
parts herein-after described for heating the air blast to be supplied to
the tuyere and for maintaining a circulation of water through the tuyere
for the purpose of keeping the said tuyere cool.
One part of the said Invention consists in combining an air chamber
with the tuyere, which air chamber is heated by the furnace or forge
fire with which the tuyere is used, the inner tube of the said tuyere

page_text: opening into the said air chamber. At the front and lower side of
the air chamber the tuyere is fixed, and at the back and middle of the
said air chamber an induction pipe communicating with the bellows
or blower is fixed. The air passing through the said induction pipe
impinges upon the front of the air chamber which is exposed to the
heat of the furnace or forge fire, whereby the temperature of the said
air is raised on its way to the tuyere.
Another part of the said Invention consists in the combination of
a water reservoir with the air chamber described for supplying water
to the tuyere in the said chamber for keeping the said tuyere cool. The
said water reservoir is fixed at the back of the air chamber and com-
municates by means of pipes with the upper and lower parts of the
water space of the tuyere. By the circulation of the water through
the tuyere it is effectually kept cool. In order to reduce the tempera-
ture of the water in the reservoir and at the same time to heat the air
entering the air chamber herein-before described a box or drum is fixed
in the said reservoir, the said box or drum being heated by the water
in the said reservoir. At one end of the box or drum the induction
pipe opening into the air chamber of the tuyere is fixed, and at the other
end another pipe is fixed communicating with the bellows or blower.
By the passage of the cold air through the heated box or drum the.
said air is heated before it enters the air chamber, where it is still further
heated previous to its escape through. the. tuyere into the fire of the
furnace or forge. The tuyeres may be arranged to blow the blast in
a. horizontal or vertical plane or in any intermediate plane.
The said Invention is especially applicable to smiths' forges but
may also be applied to furnaces in general.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters, Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Worcester in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM, THESE. PRESENTS SHALL, COME, I, EREDERICK
WORCESTER, of Stoke, near, Coventry, in the County, of, Warwick,
Druggist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most, Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her.
Letters, Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Worcester, Her
special licence that I, the said Frederick Worcester, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick
Worcester, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR FURNACES AND FORGES," a communication
to me from abroad by John Bayliss, of New York, in the United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Frederick Worcester, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Worcester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The said Invention consists of the arrangements or combinations of
parts herein-after described for heating the air blast to be supplied to
the tuyere, and for maintaining a circulation of water through the
tuyere for the purpose of keeping the said tuyere cool.
One part of the said Invention consists in combining an air chamber
with the tuyere, which air chamber is heated by the furnace or forge
fire with which the tuyere is used, the inner tube of the said tuyere
opening into the said air chamber. At the front and lower side of the
air chamber the tuyeré is fixed and at the back and middle of the
said air chamber an induction pipe communicating with the bellows
or blower is fixed. The air passing through the said induction pipe
impinges upon the front of the air chamber which is exposed to the
heat of the furnace or forge fire, whereby the température of the said
air is raised on its way to the tufere.

page_text: Another part of the said Invention consists in the combination of
a water reservoir with the air chamber described for supplying water to
the tuyere in the said chamber for keeping the said tuyere cool. The
said water reservoir is fixed at the back of the air chamber and com-
municates by means of pipes with the upper and lower parts of the
water space of the tuyere. By the circulation of the water through the
tuyere it is effectually kept cool. In order to reduce the temperature
of the water in the reservoir and at the same time to heat the air entering
the air chamber herein-before described a box or drum is fixed in the
said reservoir, the said box or drum being heated by the water in the
said reservoir. At one end of the box or drum the induction pipe
opening into the air chamber of the tuyere is fixed, and at the other
end another pipe is fixed communicating with the bellows or blower.
By the passage of the cold air through the heated box or drum the said
air is heated before it enters the air chamber, where it is still further
heated previous to its escape through the tuyere into the fire of the
furnace or forge. The tuyeres may be arranged to blow the blast in a
horizontal or vertical plane or in any intermediate plane.
The said Invention is especially applicable to smiths' forges but may
also be applied to furnaces in general.
Having explained the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed
to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner
in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in perspective a tuyere constructed according to
the said Invention, the tuyere being arranged to blow in a horizontal
plane, and Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same;
Figures 3 and 4 represent in perspective a tuyere constructed according
to the said Invention, the tuyere being arranged to blow in a vertical
plane; Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same, and
Figure 6 is an elevation of the tuycre detached from the air chamber.
The same letters of reference are employed to indicate the same parts
in each Figure of the Drawing.
b
a is the hollow tuyere the chamber or space 6 being for the purpose
of allowing a circulation of water through it, but tuyeres of other forms
may be used in combination with my Invention d and e are pipes com-
municating with the chamber b, of the fuyere, the pipe d being for
conveying the water to the said chamber b, and the pipe e for the escape
of the steam or heated water from the tuyere. The said pipes d, e,

page_text: open into the reservoir & so as to cause a continuous passage of the water
from the said reservoir to the tuyere and thence back to the reservoir.
The tuyere a in Figures 1 and 2 is shown as arranged with its mouth
or orifice to blow in a horizontal direction, and thus when the said
tuyere is situated within the furnace to blow in a plane directly over
the fire-grate thereof, but in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, the tuyere is
arranged with its mouth to blow in a vertical direction directly
through the furnace fire; 9 is an air chamber or box shown in
Figures 1 and 2 nearly of a square shape but with an inclined side
marked from the tuyere a up towards the rear end of the said chamber
or box. The tuyere a is placed and secured within the front end of the
chamber or box g, and arranged for its inner tube to communicate by
means of the pipe with the interior of the said chamber g. In
Figures 3, 4, and 5, the air chamber or box g is made of a rectangular
shape and surrounds or encloses the tuyere placed vertically therein.
The mouth of the tuyere projects above the top plate of the box g
where it is formed with inclined sides m; j is a pipe situated near the
bottom of the air chamber g in Figures 3, 4, and 5, the said pipe opening
at one end into the tuyere and at the other end into the box or chamber g;
o is a pipe secured in the air box or chamber g and arranged to
communicate with suitable apparatus for producing a blast of air.
p (Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6) is a cover plate to the bottom of the tuyere a
when arranged to blow in a vertical plane; q is a lever or handle
attached to the cover p and jointed at under the box g. By means
of this handle the cover p may be opened to allow any cinders which
may have accumulated within the pipe of the tuyere to be discharged
or removed therefrom.
a
It will be seen by reference to the Drawing that the air blast on
passing from the induction pipe o impinges on that part of the air
chamber g which is exposed to the greatest heat of the furnace or forge
fire. The said air is thereby heated before it passes to the tuyere a and
independently of the said tuyere. By the use of the heated blast the
consumption of the products of combustion of the furnace or forge fire
is greatly increased and a greater amount of heat generated than is
produced by the ordinary mode of passing the air blast directly through
the tuyere. In the reservoir 8 (Figures 1 and 2) used for supplying
water to the tuyere a for cooling it is an air box or drum t, the said
air box or drum being immersed more or less as may be desired in the

page_text: water in the said reservoir; u is a pipe opening into the air box or
drum t, and u is another pipe leading out of the said box or drum, and
communicating through the pipe o with the air chamber g. To the
pipe the air blast is connected, the water in the reservoir 8 is heated
by its circulation through the heated tuyere a. By means of the heated
air box or drum t within the reservoir s, the air blast as it passes through
it is heated before the said air blast enters the chamber g, where it is
still further heated before it escapes through the tuyere to the furnace
or forge fire. The heat abstracted from the air box or drum t by the
passage of the air blast through it keeps the water in the reservoir &
cool.
Figures 7 and 8 represent in longitudinal section on a larger scale
modifications of the tuyere and air chamber or box represented in
Figures 1 and 2, and also exhibit details of construction of the said
tuyere and chamber which it is preferred to use; Figure 9 is a horizontal
section of the same taken through the tuyere, and Figure 10 is also a
horizontal section taken on the line x Figure 7.
In the arrange-
ment, Figure 7, the pipe o for introducing the blast into the heated air
chamber or box g is situated under the pipe j for conveying the heated
air from the chamber to the tuyere a, the said pipe j being curved, its
upper end being situated near the top of the air chamber g. The blast
introduced by the pipe o is thus made to circulate about the heated
chamber or box g before it escapes by the pipe j to the tuyere a.
The said blast is thereby more effectually heated than if it were allowed
to pass directly into the tuyere. In Figure 8 the induction pipe o
for the blast is situated above the pipe j for conveying the heated blast
to the tuyere; d, e are the pipes for maintaining a circulation of water
through the tuyere as herein-before described.
The manner in which it is preferred to construct the parts of the
tuyere and air chamber is as follows:-The induction pipe o is made
in one piece with the back plate of the air chamber g. The tuyere
consists of a tube a provided with flanges which are bolted by the screw
bolts 2 to the outer end of the air chamber g (see Figure 9) the water
chamber 6 of the tuyere being formed by the outer end of the pipe j
and the said tube a. The pipe j is bolted to the tube a of the tuyere
by screw bolts and flanges at 3. The sides of the front part of the air
chamber g are made hollow, as seen in Figure 10, for the purpose of
increasing the heating surface of the air chamber. The junctions of

page_text: the parts of the tuyere are made tight by cement or other packing. By
making the parts of the tuyere in the manner last described the inner
and outer tubes when worn may readily be removed and replaced by
When the improved tuyeres are used with forge fires it is
preferred to make a vertical flue over the air chamber g for the purpose
of directing the heated air from the hearth of the forge over the said
air chamber. The heating of the air chamber by the waste heat of
the forge fire is thus greatly facilitated.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of the said
Invention, but I claim as the said Invention of improvements in
tuyeres for furnaces and forges,-
Firstly. The combination with a tuyere or tuyeres of an air chamber
or box constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Passing the air blast before reaching the tuyere or tuyeres
through a water reservoir employed for producing a circulation of water
through the said tuyere or tuyeres, substantially as and for the purpose
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination of the hollow tuyere (or tuyeres) a
reservoir 8, and water and steam pipes d, e, with the air chamber g
and parts connected therewith, substantially as and for the purpose
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Worcester, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
30 Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
FREDERICK WORCESTER. (L.S.)