IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING BORE HOLES OR WELLS, AND IN PUMPS TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PÄTENT to Frederick Warner, of Jewin Crescent, in the
City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTING BORE HOLES OR WELLS, AND IN PUMPS TO BE USED THEREWITH,
Sealed the 9th March 1869, and dated the 12th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Warner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th September 1868.
I, FREDERICK WARNER, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING BORE HOLES OR WELLS, AND IN PUMPS TO BE USED
THEREWITH, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing bore
holes or wells, and in pumps to be used therewith, and for other
purposes.
In constructing bore holes or wells I bore or form in the earth by
means of an auger or other tool a hole several inches in diameter in the
usual way, lining the hole with a metal tube as I proceed to prevent the

page_text: sides of the hole falling in. I work in this way until the water bearing
stratum is arrived at. I then put down the suction pipe of the pump
and draw up out of the earth the outer tube so as to admit of the earth
being closely rammed in around the upper part of the suction pipe. In
this manner I am able to make a close well with the bore hole sufficiently
large for the auger or tool conveniently to work and yet to avoid the
inconveniences which result from the suction pipe being unnecessarily
large.
In the pump which I employ in combination with bore holes or wells
constructed as above described and for other purposes, the pump barrel
which has the suction valve at its lower end is enclosed in an outer
chamber of cylindrical or other form which is closed both at the top and
bottom. The suction pipe is connected with this chamber at a point
intermediate of its height so that the lower part of the chamber always
contains water in which the suction valve is immersed, so that the pump
cannot loose its water and the suction valve is kept in order. As the
pump barrel always contains more or less water as soon as the bucket is
worked up and down in the barrel some of the water passes to its upper
surface and 'makes a tight joint even should the fit of the bucket be
imperfect. The upper part of the chamber containing the pump barrel
over the connection with the suction pipe forms a vacuum space which
serves to maintain a uniform and constant flow in the suction pipe and
when the pump ceases to work continues to cause percolation of water
into the well.
In some cases I arrange the pump as a force pump by closing in the
barrel at the top immediately over the delivery pipe, and I render the
flow continuous through the delivery pipe by causing the pump rod to
act as a plunger in the down stroke. I make this plunger hollow so that
it may serve as an air vessel to regulate the flow.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Warner,, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Warner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as-I, the said Frederick Warner,.my executors,
administrators, and. assigns, should at any time agree with,. and no
others,.from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully. might make,. use, exercise, and
vend within the United Kingdom. of. Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,,an Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTING BORE HOLES OR. WELLS, AND IN PUMPS TO BE USED THEREWITH, AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"" upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick Warner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their; or one of their hands and seals, should par--
ticularly describe and: ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and
in what manner the same was to be-performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said.Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW. YE,. that I, the said Frederick Warner; do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed;. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof,. that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing bore
holes or wells and in pumps to be used. therewith, and for other.
purposes.
In constructing bore holes or wells I bore or form in the earth by
means of an auger or other tool a hole several inches in diameter in the
usual way, lining the hole with a metal tube as I proceed to prevent the
sides of the hole falling in. I work in this way until the water bearing
stratum is arrived at. I then put down the suction pipe of the pump
and draw up-out of the earth the outer tube so as to admit of the earth
being closely rammed in around the upper part of the suction pipe. In
this manner I am able to make a close well with the bore hole sufficiently
large for the auger or tool conveniently to work and yet, to avoid the
inconveniences which result from the suction pipe being unnecessarily.
large.

page_text: I proceed as follows:-At the place where he wen is required
in the ordinary manner with a bit, by preference not less than 4 inches
in diameter, and if the well is to be more than 20 or 30 feet deep I prefer
to commence with a larger bit. I continue to bore so long as the falling
in of the sides of the hole causes. no impediment to the progress of the
work; but when this commences to be the case I take up the tool and
insert into the hole a lining tube open at its lower end, and in the usual
way I press this down into the hole as far as it will go, taking care not
to use so much pressure as will buckle or injure the tube. I then
recommence boring with a boring bit of such a size, as will just pass
easily down through the lining tube, and so I continue boring as before
until inconvenience is again experienced from the falling in of the sides,
when I introduec a second boring tube inside the first, pressing it down as
far as it will go, as before; then I recommence boring, and so. I continue
to work until the water bearing stratum is reached, and it will rarely
happen that more that two lining. tubes will be required. When the
desired depth is attained after taking up the boring tool, I insert the
'suction pipe for the pump into the bore hole; this pipe neod rarely be
larger than one inch and a quarter internal diameter; it is perforated at
its lower ond with numerous small holes, say, for the first four feet of its
length; when the suction pipe has been inserted I proceed to draw the
lining tubes, and they may be re-used an indefinite number of times,
besides which the drawing of these tubes admits of the mouth of the
well being closed in air-tight around the suction pipe by simply ramming
in the surface soil, and this I now proceed to do, taking care to press the
earth in as solidly as possible around the suction pipe so as to exclude the
air from the hole which is essential to the proper working of the well, for
where the strata yields, water but slowly it is necessary that the suction
pipe should be able to exhaust the water crevices or channels in its vicinity.
Before commencing to ram a little hay or straw may be put into the hole
around the suction pipe so as to prevent as far as possible the earth from
falling into the hole. By working in this manner I am able to produce a
closed well by the use of boring tools of a conveniently large size, and
which produce a useful water-containing cavity around the suction pipe,
whilst at the same time the suction pipe, which is the only permanent
pipe employed,, I am able to make of small size, and so both inex-
pensive and free from the practical objections which attach to the use of
a suction pipe of large diameter. I also am able to fill easily the lower
part of the suction tube with a filtering material previously to inserting it

page_text: into the bore hole;. this is an advantage in many loose and sandy soils,
and ensures a pure supply of water.
In the pump which I employ in combination with bore holes or wells
constructed as above described and for other purposes the pump barrel
which has the suction valve at its lower end is enclosed in an outer
chamber of cylindrical or other form, which is closed both at the top and
bottom. The suction pipe is connected with this chamber at a point
intermediate of its height so that the lower part of the chamber always
contains water in which the suction valve is immersed, and in some cases
is made sufficiently long so that the bucket is also immersed when the
handle is at rest, so that the pump cannot lose its water and the suction
valve is kept in order. As the pump barrel always contains more or less
water as soon as the bucket is worked up and down in the barrel some of
the water passes to its upper surface and makes a tight joint even should
the fit of the bucket be imperfect. The upper part of the chamber con-
taining the pump barrel over the connection with the suction pipe forms
a vacuum space which serves to maintain a uniform and constant flow in
the suction pipe and when the pump ceases to work continues to cause
percolation of water into the well tube.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a pump thus constructed. a is a chamber
closed both at the top and bottom, and into which the barrel 6 of the
pump is inserted so that the suction valve b¹ at its lower end is nearly at
the bottom of the chamber. The barrel is formed in one piece with the
head of the pump, and this has the delivery spout upon it and receives a
cap c carrying the pump lever, which by a bucket rod is connected with
the bucket d in the usual way. The suction pipe e is connected with the
vessel a at a point intermediate of its length so that the lower part a' of
the chamber serves as a water-containing vessel, keeping the suction
valve 6 constantly immersed and causing a small quantity of water
O always to remain in the barrel however long the pump may be out of usc,
then whenever the pump is again set to work as soon as the bucket is
forced down to the bottom of the barrel some of this water passes to the
upper side of tho bucket and makes an air-tight joint, causing the pump
at once to suck even though the fit of the bucket may be imperfect.
5 At the same time the upper part a³ of the chamber a serves as an air or
vacuum vessel in connection with the suction pipe, in which it serves. to
maintain a uniform flow; this space a is partially expanded at cach

page_text: up stroke of the bucket, and during, the down stroke it serves to receive-
any water which the suction pipe may deliver. When the pumping
ceases the vacuum in this chamber a still continues to draw water up.
the suction pipe until it is supplied, and so a small store of water is pro-
vided which is at once available on recommencing to pump..
Figure 2 is a vertical section of a pump constructed in a similar
manner but differing somewhat in form, no further detailed description of
it is necessary as the explanation already given in respect to Figure 1 will
apply to it. In some cases I arrange the pump as a force pump by.
closing in the barrel at the top immediately over the delivery pipe, and
I render the flow continues through the delivery pipe by causing the
pump rod to act as a plunger in the down stroke;. I make this plunger
hollow so that it may serve as an air vessel to regulate the flow..
Figure 3 is a vertical section of a force pump thus constructed.. The
barrel 6 of the pump as before is made to dip down nearly to the bottom
of a chamber a, into which the suction pipe e enters at a point inter-
mediate of its length; the bucket rod fis however made of considerably
larger diameter than before so that it may act as a plunger; with this
object it passes through a cup leather or stuffing box in the cap c. Also,
in place of forming a delivery spout upon the head of the pump a. con-
nection is made with the ascending or delivery pipe or main; in this.
way the pump is made to discharge water both at the up and down
stroke and so to maintain a nearly uniform flow through the delivery
main or pipe; at the up stroke the bucket lifts water in the usual way, and
at the down stroke the connecting rod or ram entering the closed barrel
expels water from it through the delivery main. The ram is made
hollow, and the water from the barrel is free to enter it, so that it may
serve as an air vessel and equalize any inequalities of pressure in the
barrel.
Figure 4 represents a pump similar to that shown in Figure 3, but of
a somewhat different form.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim
is, the constructing bore holes or wells as herein set forth by the use of
boring tools and lining tubes, and by then inserting the suction pipe,
withdrawing the lining tubes, and ramming in the earth around the
suction pipo as above described.

page_text: I also claim the constructing pumps to be used with such bore holes or
wells and for other purposes with a chamber surrounding the pump barrel
as above described, serving both to retain constantly a small quantity of
water in the pump barrel for the immersion of the suction valve and
buckets, also to form a vacuum space in connection with the suction
pipe.
I also claim the arranging such pumps to work as force pumps by
closing the barrel at the top immediately over the delivery pipe and
causing the pump rod to act as a plunger, as above described.
year of our
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Warner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of March, in the
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.