CONSTRUCTION OF TIRE FASTENINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Carlton, of New Swindon, in the County
of Wilts, Engineer, for the Invention of
CONSTRUCTION OF TIRE FASTENINGS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
Sealed the 9th July 1875, and dated the 3rd May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Carlton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd May 1875.
I, SAMUEL CARLTON, of New Swindon, in the County of Wilts,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIRE FASTENINGS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide suitable means or appliances
for so connecting the tires with the rims of the wheels of engines,
carriages, or other rolling stock of railways, or of other similar vehicles,
as to preclude the possibility of such tires dropping off or leaving the
wheels in case of a breakage or running loose upon, or in any manner

page_text: moving away from the wheels to which they are fixed, thereby occasion-
ing accidents or casualties calculated to involve injury to, or loss of life
and property.
To this end I construct a ring, herein-after called the key
ring, made of iron or other suitable metal, and having two annular lips
or lugs to it formed so that the one shall fit into a corresponding recess
or groove in the tire and the other into a like recess in the rim of the
wheel proper.
These lips or lugs, and the recesses or grooves into which
they fit, being either straight or bevelled, as the occasion may require it.
I fix this key ring by either of the two following methods:
By the first method I spring the key ring into the tire and fix it in its
place by means of an annular wedge shaped key, herein-after called the
wedge, or by a series of segmental wedges. The annular wedge or
segmental wedges I fasten in such a manner that having entered the
thick part thereof first I hammer or press down the lap of the tire upon
the thin part so that the thick part of the wedge is placed in contact withi
the bottom of the recess in the tire. In lieu of a wedge shaped annular
key or segmental wedges a straight or flat annular key or a series of flat
segmental keys may be inserted in the place thereof and fastened by
means of bolts or screws.
By the second method of securing the key ring in its place I make a
number of segmental cuttings in the edge of the key ring and corre-
sponding cuttings or slots in the lap of the tire; thus allowing the key
ring to fall through these segmental slots in the tire into the groove or
recess provided for the lug or lip of the key ring. Having thus
inserted the key ring into the groove or recess I turn the same round so
as to cause the projection left upon the tire to come opposite the pro-
jection left upon the key ring, and by this means fix the key ring
sideways. I also cut or saw the key ring radially through so as to be
able to pass it over the axle of the wheel and fit it in its place without
removing the wheel from its axle, and within two or more of the slots or
apertures made in the lap of the tire I fix wedge shaped pieces of iron
or other suitable material, and by this means prevent the key ring from
turning and the tire from shifting upon or flying off the wheel, even
though a breakage were to occur, it being understood that no less than
two wedge shaped pieces identical in size and shape with the segmental
apertures or slots are to be fixed therein, to wit, one on either side of the
radial cutting. Within the outside of the key ring itself I provide a
circular groove so as to enable me to hammer or fuller the ring against

page_text: the edge of the tire and into the recesses, slots, or apertures herein-before
referred to.
By means of the arrangements described I am enabled to remove or
extract the key ring at any time without any damage accruing there-
from to the tire or to the wheel proper; in the first arrangement by
putting the wheel in a lathe and cutting out the key ring; in the second
by taking the segmental wedges out of their slots or apertures and
turning round the key ring. I also adapt the key ring constructed in
accordance with my Invention to every description of wheels, whether
old or new, by suiting the shape of the lips or lugs of the key ring to
the cross section of the periphery of the wheel to which I intend to
apply my herein-before described Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Carlton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CARLTON, of New Swindon, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Carlton, Her special licence
that I, the said Samuel Carlton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Carlton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIRE FASTENINGS," upon the condition (amongst
|· others) that I, the said Samuel Carlton, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Carlton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of
Drawings:-
The object of this Invention is to provide suitable means or appliances
for so connecting the tires with the rims of the wheels of engines,
carriages, or other rolling stock of railways, or of other similar vehicles
as to preclude the possibility of such tires dropping off or leaving the
wheels in case of a breakage, or running loose upon, or in any manner
moving away from the wheels to which they are fixed, thereby occasion-
ing accidents or casualties calculated to involve injury to, or loss of, life
and property. To this end I construct a ring, herein-after called the
key ring, made of iron or other suitable metal, and having two annular
lips or lugs to it formed so that the one shall fit into a corresponding
recess or groove in the tire, and the other into a like recess in the rim of
the wheel proper; these lips or lugs, and the recesses or grooves into
which they fit, being either straight or bevelled, as the occasion
may require it. I fix the key ring by either of the two following
methods:
By the first method I spring the key ring into the tire and fix it in its
place by means of an annular wedge shaped key, herein-after called the
wedge, or by a series of segmental wedges. The annular wedge or
segmental wedges I fasten in such a manner that having entered the
thick part thereof first I hammer the lap of the tire upon the thin part
or press it thereon so that the thick part of the wedge is placed in
contact with the bottom of the recess in the tire. In lieu of a wedge
shaped annular key or a series of segmental wedges a straight or flat
annular key or a series of flat segmental keys may be inserted in the
place thereof and fastened by means of bolts, pins, rivets, or similar
appliances.
By the second method of securing the key ring in its place I make a

page_text: sponding cuttings or slots in the lap of the tire; thus allowing the key
ring to fall through these segmental slots in the tire into the groove or
recess provided for the lug or lip of the key ring. Having thus inserted
the key ring into the groove or recess I turn the same round so as to
cause the projection left upon the tire to come opposite the projection
left upon the key ring, and by this means fix the key ring sideways. I
also cut or saw the key ring radially through so as to be able to pass it
over the axle of the wheel and fit it in its place without removing the
wheel from its axle; and within two or more of the slots or apertures
made in the lap of the tire I fix wedge shaped pieces of iron or other
suitable material, and by this means prevent the key ring from turning
and the tire from shifting upon or flying off the wheel even though a
breakage were to occur, it being understood that no less than wedge
shaped pieces, identical in size and shape with the segmental apertures
or slots, are to be fixed therein, to wit, one on either side of the radial
cutting. Within the outside of the key ring itself I provide a circular
groove so as to enable me to hammer or fuller the ring against the edge
of the tire and into the recesses, slots, or apertures hercin-before referred
to. In some cases I also insert one or several pieces of wire at the
bottom of the groove or slot made within the tire so as to preclude all
damage while the lap of the tire is being pressed or hammered down.
By means of the arrangements described I am enabled to remove or
extract the key ring at any time without any damage accruing there-
from to the tire or to the wheel proper; in the first arrangement by
putting the wheel into a lathe and cutting out the key ring; in the
second, by taking the segmental wedges out of their slots or apertures
and turning the key ring round. I also adapt the key ring constructed
in accordance with my Invention to every description of wheels, whether
old or new, by suiting the shape of the lips or lugs of the key ring to the
cross section of the periphery of the wheel to which I intend to apply
my herein-before described Invention.

page_text: annular wedge shaped key; A being the rim and body of the wheel; B,
the tire; C, the key ring; and D, the wedge shaped key. Figure 2-is
part of a side view of a similar wheel, in which a series of segmental
wedge shaped keys D¹, D', is substituted for the annular key D,
Figure 1.
In Figures 3 and 4 I have shewn on an enlarged scale two cross
sections of a tire and rim joined together by means of a key ring C
constructed according to my Invention furnished with two lips a, b,
entering into corresponding recesses made in the tire and rim respectively,
and fastened by means of an annular wedge or a series of segmental
wedge shaped keys D, such key or keys being shewn in Figure 3 in the
position occupied on entering it or them, and in Figure 4 with the lap E
of the tire hammered or fullered thereon. The wedge or wedges D are
shewn bevelled in Figures 3 and 4, with the thick end entered first; but
one annular flat key or several segmental flat keys may be substituted
therefor and retained in their places by means of bolts, pins, rivets, or
similar appliances.
In Figure 5 I have shewn part of a side view, and in Figure 6 part of
a cross section of a wheel furnished with a key ring constructed accord-
ing to my Invention, with a number of segmental cuttings in the edge.
thereof and corresponding cuttings in the edge of the tire. The key
ring being radially cut through is passed through the segmental slots or
recesses in the tire into the grooves provided for receiving the lips or
lugs a, b, of the key ring. It is then turned round so that the pro-
jections F left in the key ring come opposite those left on the tire, and
by this means it is fixed sideways. Within the segmental slots or recesses
G I either insert key rings corresponding to the size and shape of these
slots, or else I fill the same up with molten lead or with any other
suitable metal in either liquid or solid state.
In Figure 7 I have shewn a cross section of a wheel where the key
ring C is furnished with an exterior annular groove or recess H, shewn
in clevation in Figure 5, enabling me to caulk or fuller the key ring into
its proper place between tire and rim instead of having to fix it by means
of separate wedges or infusions of metal, as in Figures 5 and 6.
In Figures 8 and 9 I have shewn in two cross sections part of a wheel
with my annular key ring sprung into the recesses provided for it in the
tire B and the rim A. (Figure 8), with the lap E of the tire hammered

page_text: or pressed down upon the key ring directly, whereby the ring is firmly
fixed in every way (Figure 9). Similarly two views of part of one and
the same wheel are shewn in Figures 10 and 11, in which arrangement
I introduce a wire or several wires W within the groove provided in the
tire B for receiving the key ring, such wire or wires being intended to
act as a cushion and protect the ring from such damage or injury as
might at times accrue to it from the operation of hammering the lap E
of the tire thereupon; Figure 10 representing the section of the tire
before, and Figure 11 after the lap E has been hammered down. In the
construction shewn in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 there is no need of
hammering the tire down all round, but only at intervals, and in order
to take the tire off the wheel the wheel need only be put into a lathe;
and the lap E which had been hammered or pressed down be cut close
to the key ring.
•
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and illustrated
the same in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not claim the use of rings for securing tires to wheels,
neither do I claim the use of wedges for such purpose, both of these
appliances having been in use heretofore, but what I do claim is,―
First. The use or employment of a key ring furnished with annular
lips or lugs and secured to the rim and tire of a wheel jointly by an
annular wedge shaped key, or a number of segmental wedge shaped keys,
in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth and illustrated in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Secondly. The use or employment of an annular flat key or a series of
segmental flat keys fastened by pins, bolts, rivets, or similar appliances
upon a key ring constructed according to my Invention in the manner
and for the purpose herein set forth.
Thirdly. The mode or manner herein described and illustrated in the
annexed Sheet of Drawings of securing a key ring, constructed accord-
ing to my Invention, in its place by hammering or pressing the lap of
the tire thereupon.
Fourthly. The use or employment of a wire or several wires within
the slot or groove made in the tire for receiving the key ring constructed
according to my Invention, in the manner and for the purpose herein
set forth and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.

page_text: Fifthly. The use or employment of a key ring, with projecting lips
made to come opposite similar projections in the lap of tho tire, in the
manner and for the purpose herein set forth and illustrated in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Carlton, have hereunto 5
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
J. C. TAITE,
13, Porchester Place,
Oxford Square,
London.
SAMUEL CARLTON. (L.s.) .