Improvements in the Process or Method of Casting Plates for Use as Elements in Secondary Batteries, and in ApparatusTION
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in the Process or Method of Casting Plates for
Use as Elements in Secondary Batteries, and in Apparatus
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent
Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OR METHOD OF
CASTING PLATES FOR USE AS ELEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR OR IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, & communi-
cation to me from abroad by Charles Francis Brush, of Cleveland, United States of
America, Electrical Engineer, to be as follows:-
Part of my invention relates to the Process or Method of Casting Plates for use
as Elements in Secondary Batteries, and is illustrated in Fig. 1* of the drawings,
in which is shown a sectional elevation of a furnace and bath with a mould therein,
used in executing my process.
In order to obtain a large surface area, the platos, usually of lead or an alloy
thereof, or of material capable of being "formed "as it is called, are provided with
thin projecting leaves arranged in close proximity to each other, and it has been
found nearly if not quite impossible, by the usual mode of casting, to cause the
metal to flow as freely and fully as desired into the small cavities of the mould in
which the projecting leaves are formed. The amount of metal required to fill the
minute parts of the mould is so small that it is chilled by contact with the sides of
the mould cavities before they are entirely filled. And the fruitful cause of defective
castings is the dross and other impurities which are formed or which accumulate on
the surface of the metal. As it is nearly impossible to entirely remove such
impurities in ordinary modes of casting they are liable to be carried sometimes into
the mould with the good metal, and wherever they lodge they form holes or defective
places.
The object of my invention is to remedy these and other defects in the present
methods of casting, more particularly as regards the class or kind of articles referred
to, and to produce such castings complete and sound, as near as may be, in all their
parts and free from holes and other defects, and consists in the method substantially
as hereinafter described and claimed.

page_text: In the drawing A represents the walls of a suitable furnace; B represents an
iron vessel for containing the molten lead; and C a jointed and divided mould
closed and submerged in the molten metal preparatory to executing the subsequent
steps of the process.
In carrying out my process I take a suitable jointed or divided mould (such as
may, by the use of proper mechanism, &c., while closed, be immersed in a bath of
molten metal, and opened and closed quickly while therein and quickly removed),
and having heated it to the requisite temperature, which is somewhat below the
melting point of the metal to be cast, I apply to its inner surface a suitable
lubricant, such as will prevent the casting from adhering to the mould. The mould
is then tightly closed, in which condition it is dipped or immersed into a bath of
the molten metal, from which the casting is to be made, such bath having a
sufficient depth to submerge the mould therein. As soon as the mould is thus
submerged, its jointed or divided parts are separated or moved apart, so as to
provide for a practically unimpeded flow of the molten metal along between the
projecting parts which there may be in the contiguous inner faces of the mould, or
along over the projecting parts on one or more faces. Preferably, I so make the
mould that when thus opened or its parts are separated, an inflow of metal takes
place from all sides along the lines or planes of division; but this is not essential,
as useful results will follow even if the filling of the mould be done from one or
two open sides or ends. In this regard, the chief feature of importance is the
separation of the opposite parts of the mould, one from another, for the ready
and rapid flow of the metal over the projecting parts of either or any mould face,
whereby the receiving capacity of the mould is increased over and above what it
would be if the mould were kept closed, and the metal is quickly supplied and at a
good casting heat readily and rapidly enters, or on the reclosing of the mould is
pressed into the small cavities or interstices of the mould face or faces so as to
ensure a good casting. And it is a still further characteristic feature or result of
this method or process of casting that more metal is admitted between the walls of
the mould than is essential for the formation of the casting, and hence I am never
short of a sufficient quantity or supply; but so much as does not go into the casting
to be made is excluded or forced out on the reclosing of the mould, which is done
by suitable mechanism while the mould is still submerged, and ordinarily as soon
as it is filled, and this latter work will usually occupy but the fractional part of a
second. The mould is then withdrawn and opened and the casting removed, and
as a result of the operation described, it will be found that the metal has filled or
flowed into the small interstices or between the leaves or other projecting parts,
and that a more perfect and complete casting has been produced than in such work
has heretofore been attainable. Čare must be taken that the mould, either in being
artificially heated before submersion in the molten metal or while it is in use, be
kept at a temperature below the melting point of the metal to be cast therein; for
otherwise, the film or fin of metal enclosed between the meeting faces of the joints
of the mould, when the latter is re-closed, would not solidify, and in such case some
or all of the metal enclosed within the mould and not yet solidified, would be liable
to run or leak out when the mould is withdrawn from the bath, with the result of
producing a defective casting. But the mould should be hot enough to avoid
danger from a too rapid chilling of the metal as it flows in when the mould is
opened, which, if it occurred, would be liable to prevent the proper flow of the
metal into the small cavities or interstices at all points, particularly in a casting of
considerable lateral size, and still further would interfere with the re-closing of the
mould.
By thus closing the mould and then submerging it in the bath I prevent any
dross, slag, or other impurities which float on the surface of the molten metal, from
entering the mould; but as regards this feature of the submergence of the mould
in the metal, it is only necessary that the joints to be opened be so far or so
completely beneath the surface of the metal as that no dross or other surface
impurity shall flow in, or if any does flow in the relatively large proportion of good

page_text: clean metal, which does flow in, shall be so great that when the mould is re-closed
the excess of metal then driven out or excluded shall wash or drive out any dross
or other impurity so admitted, with the result of a casting of good clean metal.
The mould on being re-closed, is withdrawn, opened and the casting is removed
in any suitable way and the operation is repeated; and it may be added that the
work of submerging, opening and closing and withdrawing the mould should be
performed very rapidly so that the mould will not become too highly heated by the
metal of the bath. As regards the opening and closing of the mould, it is not
material whether the mould be made in two or more parts, nor whether such parts
be so connected as to open and close by a hinge joint or by a direct motion of one
or more parts to and from one or more other parts which I have up to this point
described, the closing of mould before submergence as an element of the present
process; it is still true that this feature may be dispensed with, particularly if the
surface of the bath be kept clean or practically clean of dross or similar impurities,
or if means be added for preventing the same, if present, from entering the mould
to any injurious or deleterious extent. In such case the mould may be submerged
while open, so that as its open sides are depressed beneath the surface of the bath,
the metal will flow in as above described. The mould should, however, be regulated
as to temperature as above-stated; should be immediately closed after proper
submergence and promptly removed as already set forth. And this method of
casting, namely, by submergenco of a divided or jointed mould in a bath of molten
metal in such manner that the opposite parts or cavity walls thereof being
separated, the molten metal may flow freely therein, followed by a prompt closing
of the mould, and its immediate removal from the bath, is included herein as a part
of my present invention; and this process may be usefully employed in the making
of castings generally, by which I mean without limitation as to shape or without
reference to the presence of projecting parts on the walls of the mould cavity. And
in this connection it may be still further added that in consequence of the admission
in either case of more metal into the mould than is requisite for the formation of
the casting therein, and of the exclusion of the excess on the re-shutting of the
mould, not only is the metal pressed into the cavities or interstices, but the outgoing
stream of metal is cut off so as to pack the joints by a film or fin of metal which is
solidified by the closing thereon of the meeting walls of the mould along the plane
of the joint of the closing parts; simultaneously with the completion of the casting
by pressure or by the quantity of the metal itself. And this solidification of such
film is effected in consequence of the fact already stated that the temperature of the
mould is kept below the melting point of the molten metal itself.
Part of my invention relates to moulds for casting plates to be used as elements
in Secondary Batteries, and is illustrated in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a
perspective view of my double mould for casting plates with leaves or projections
on each side thereof, the mould being shown open and resting on its stand;
Fig. 2 is a similar view of a mould for casting single plates, i.e., plates having
leaves or projections on one side only.
Fig. 3 is an edge view to an enlarged scale of my mould, it being represented as
closed by full lines and slightly opened by broken lines for the purpose of
illustrating the locking device.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of one-half of my mould, on the same scale as Fig. 3,
showing the inner face of the mould.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of one-half of my mould, the scale being somewhat
reduced, showing the outside thereof.
Fig. 6 is a detached view, on a still more enlarged scale, showing in section
portions of the mould shown in Fig. 4, the section being taken on line c, x, Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section on the line y, y, Fig. 4, of the mould, the end bar,
having therein a part of filling head, being shown in section.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of one of the hinges.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view showing a modified form of one of the strips.

page_text: Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of one of the halves of the mould for casting
single plates.
Fig. 11 is an inverted sectional view similar to that of Fig. 7, showing a modi-
fication of the transverse grooves.
Figs. 12 to 14 are diagramatic views illustrating the operation of the locking
bar.
My invention relates to a mould for executing the process of casting above
referred to, by the submergence of a jointed or divided mould in a bath of molten
metal, separating the parts of the mould and allowing the metal to flow freely
therein, and then closing the mould still submerged, whereby the difficulties
heretofore encountered in producing castings having their leaves or projections on
one or both sides are practically obviated.
The flask is composed of two parts, each part consisting of the frame or mould
carrier, and the mould proper. The frame or carrier A, is a rectangularly shaped
casting and is braced or strengthened by three or more longitudinal bars a, see
Fig. 5, cast in one piece with the frame. The lower transverse bar a of the frame is
sloped downward from the outside of the carrier so as to enter the molten metal
with a wedge-like action and thereby avoid, to a great extent, any splashing of the
molten metal when the flask is suddenly plunged therein. On the lower transverse
bar are cast two projecting arms or lugs a², which form the continuations of the
wedge like bar a. In the lower ends of these bars are arranged the hinges to be
hereinafter described, by which the two parts of the flask are hinged together. On
the upper cross bar of the carrier are cast two curved arms or lugs a³, through
which passes the handle a, by which the flask is manipulated. At intervals along
the inside of each of the longitudinal bars of the carrier A are formed short bosses
or projections at and on these bosses rests the mould proper which is held in place
by bolts a, see Fig. 6, passing through the longitudinal bars and the bosses
therein, and screwing into the back of the mould proper. These bosses keep the
mould B away from the carrier A, and allow a free access of the molten metal to all
parts of the flask, thereby ensuring an equal expansion of all parts, and preventing
to a great extent any warping and twisting of any of the parts.
One-half of the mould proper B, consists of an outside frame, whose inner edges
form the outer walls of the matrix, and a series of longitudinal steel strips properly
spaced or separated forming the matrix itself.
The outside frame is made in four pieces b, b¹, b², b³, the bars b and b¹, Fig. 4,
forming the top and bottom, and the bars 62 and 63 the sides of the mould. The
upper bar bis recessed longitudinally at 6 on the inner surface to form one-half of
a filling head and this recess is connected with the matrix of the mould by slots b³,
more fully shown in Fig. 7. Thus provision is made to supply the loss arising from
shrinkage during the solidification of the casting. The lower cross bar 6 has
formed thereon two projecting lugs 6%, which are recessed at b7 on their inner
surfaces, said recesses opening at their inner ends into the matrix. In these
recesses are formed lugs on the cast plates, by which they can be carried or to
which handles or other devices may be attacked.
The matrix or middle part of the mould is made up of a large number of steel
strips c, arranged longitudinally within the frame. The steel strips c are bevelled
off at on one side for about half their width to give the draft necessary for
withdrawal of the leaves of the casting from, between the strips c. The bevel c²
⚫ on the strips is formed by grinding, and the grinding should be effected with the
strips lying in a plane parallel to the axis of the grinding wheel, so that the
minute grooves, indicated by fine lines on the bevelled surface in Fig. 7, which are
inevitably produced in any grinding operation will be transverse to the length of
the strips and will lay in planes parallel to the direction in which the casting is
withdrawn, consequently the metal which will flow into these grooves in casting
will not present any hindrance to the easy withdrawal of the casting, as would be
the case were these grooves formed longitudinally in the bevelled portions of the
strips. These strips c are separated or held apart to form spaces or grooves

page_text: between them, into which the molten metal can flow, by brass strips c¹ having a
thickness corresponding to the thickness of the leaves to be cast, and a width equal
to the unbevelled portion of the steel strips c. In place of using the brass strips c¹
for separating the strips c and forming the bottom of the spaces between them,
these strips c may be made thicker, and the upper part thereof on one side be so
cut or ground away as to form a shoulder c', see Fig. 9, the bevel c being formed
above said shoulder as clearly shown.
To brace, if need be, the leaves of the casting formed in the spaces between the
strips, the strips c are notched as c³, at equal intervals along their length. These
notches c³, are V shaped and of a width greater than the distance between two
adjoining strips c, and form, when, the strips are put in position to form the matrix,
a continuous groove across the mould, see Fig. 4.
The ends of the strips c are also bevelled off at ce for about one-half of their
width, and form in connection with the end bars b and b¹, a channel at each end
of the mould, along which the metal can flow. The upper one of these channels is
connected with the recess b, forming part of the filling head by the notches 65, and
thus form a passage along which the metal in the filling head can flow to the upper
ends of each one of the spaces between the strips c. And, further, these channels at
each end of the mould form a transverse leaf at each end of the completed casting
of considerable thickness, which brace the longitudinal leaves at their ends, and
protect them from accidental injury.
Through the body, or unbevelled portion of the strips c, through the brass
strips c¹, and through the side bars 62 and 63, are bored holes through which pass
rods c, threaded at their ends, and on these rods are screwed the cap nuts c³, fitting
into the enlarged portion of the holes in the side bars. These nuts force and hold
the strips and side bars firmly together, thus forming what is practically a solid
plate of metal, having formed on one side thereof a series of narrow longitudinal
grooves tapering from the top to the bottom, and also two, three, or more wider
transverse grooves similarly tapered. The. end bars b and b' are secured to the
parts above described by screws passing through their ends into the side bars bª
and b, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 4. The steel strips e are arranged
together with their bevelled sides facing outward from the centre towards both
sides, the flat sides of the two central strips being placed together, as shown in
Fig. 6, so that, as the contraction of the metal in cooling is always from the outside
towards the centre, the leaves of the casting between the strips will be drawn away
from the straight side of one strip towards the bevelled side of the next strip
towards the centre, by the contraction of the web portion of the casting, thus
facilitating the easy withdrawal of the casting from the mould. The ends of the
steel and brass strips c and c¹, and the side bars b² and b³, are notched at their ends
near the lower edge thereof to receive a tongue or rib be, Fig. 7, on the inside edges
of the top and bottom bars b and b¹, thus forming a lock to keep the parts in
position and support the ends of the steel and brass strips c and c².
The half of the mould thus far described is used in casting both of the double
plates, see Fig 1, and the single plates, see Fig. 2.
In casting double plates, or plates having leaves or projections on both sides
thereof, I employ, as the other half of the mould, a half mould S, nearly similar to
the half mould B in its construction. The differences are as follows:-the lugs &
are not recessed, but are plain, serving simply as covers for the recesses 67, in the
lugs 6 of the half mould B, the whole of the handle or lug of the casting being
formed in the recess 67, and to provide ribs or fins to which can be attached some
device for extracting the casting from the mould B. The transverse leaves in this
half of the casting project upwardly, and which would in such case correspond with
the leaves formed in the notches c³, are now projected upwards to a greater height,
so that such added projection may be utilized as a means for taking hold of the
casting and lifting it out by suitable grippers. The construction, by which this
greater height of projecting leaf is secured, is represented by an inverted section of
a portion of the upper half S of the mould in Fig. 11, where s¹ shows a suitable

page_text: depth of notch or recess transversely across the steel strips, said notch extending
also into the brass separating strips, for the making of fins on the upper side of the
casting, enough higher than those on the lower side to provide for the gripping and
lifting function referred to. There will therefore be formed in this upper half S
of the mould, a casting having a series of longitudinal leaves and a series of
transverse bracing leaves, but these latter will extend over the longitudinal leaves
in the shape of ribs or fins, which will serve as parts to which the gripping and
lifting device can be attached. These deepened grooves or notches &¹ may be
formed in both halves of the mould, but it is not necessary, as by lubricating that
half of the mould having the deepened grooves or notches a little more freely than
the other half, the casting will, on opening the mould, draw from the half S, and
adhere with greater tenacity to the other half B of the mould.
I will next describe the construction of the other half E, Fig. 2, used in casting
single plates, i.e., plates with leaves or projections on one side only. This second
half E consists of a smooth, flat plate of metal having the same shape and size as
the mould B, but having cut transversely across its face a series of grooves e
preferably corresponding in size and location to the grooves formed in the mould B,
by the notches c³ in the strips c. In these grooves e are formed fins or ribs on the
back of the plate by which the plate can be drawn from the mould B, the gripping
and lifting device above referred to being attached thereto for this purpose. These
fins or ribs are to be cut off after having served their intended purpose. A recess e¹,
corresponding in location and size to the recess b' of the other half mould, is also
formed in this plate E, and connected with the upper groove e by notches et, Bee
Figs. 2 and 10, the two recesses e¹ and b when closed forming the complete filling
head. The lugs e³ are not recessed, but are plain, performing the same functions
as the lugs 8 of the half S.
Both the half moulds S and E, are secured to a carrier frame similar to the
frame A in its form and construction in the same manner as the half mould B.
These carrier frames are hinged together at their lower ends by any suitable hinge
formed in or attached to the lugs a³, but I prefer the form of hinge which I will
now describe, reference being had to Fig. 4, and Fig. 8, of the drawing.
As some of the parts of the flask are larger than others, and consequently will
expand more when the mould is heated, provision must be made to compensate for
this unequal expansion, and so ensure a perfect fitting of the two parts of the mould
when closed in the molten metal, and to this end one of the arms or lugs a³ on each
carrier A is bored out to just receive the pintle a. The other arm of each carrier
is bored to receive and allow considerable play to a sleeve a7, Fig. 8, which
will fit closely around the pintle a. This sleeve is held adjusted within the opening
in the arm a³, by set screws a³. As the parts of the hinge should be drawn so
closely together as to prevent any metal from flowing into the parts of the hinge,
I brace them against any inward flexure by placing a piece of pipe a³, Fig. 4 and
Fig. 8, through which the pintle a can pass, between the two inside arms of the
hinge. As this piece of pipe is of a size equal to the normal distance between the
two inside arms a³, the parts of the hinge can be tightly drawn together without
any danger of breaking or bending the arms. The outside parts of the hinge are
protected by a washer a¹º, Fig. 8, held in place by the nut a", at the end of the
pintle.
To prevent the metal from spurting up when the two parts of the flask are
suddenly brought together in the molten metal, a guard f of sheet metal is attached
to the upper cross bar of one of the carriers, and is provided with notches into which
fit the bars a of the other half of the carrier. The web or plate, on which the thin
leaves or projections are formed in casting, is formed by making the outside
bars, b, 61, 62, and 63, slightly higher than the top edges of the strips c, but this
increase in elevation of the outside bars may be very slight, and in fact may be
wholly omitted, as there will always, in the use of this mould, be a small amount
of metal caught between the perimeters of the two moulds when they are closed in
the molten bath, consequently, as the two moulds never come into absolute contact

page_text: when in use, a web will be formed inside of the mould. This metal, so caught
between the two parts of the mould, is prevented from escaping from the slight
opening between them by the sudden cooling of the metal caught between the edges
of the mould as above described, the chilled metal acting as a dam or packing to
prevent the metal inside of the mould from escaping.
In the operation of casting, the mould is opened and closed while in the molten
metal, and immediately withdrawn therefrom; therefore, to hold the parts of the flask
closed while being withdrawn, and until the metal has set, wrist pins a¹³ and a¹,
see Fig. 3 and Fig. 12, are attached to each of the arms a³. On these pins on each
side of the handles I place the locking bar d, just before the mould, which is tightly
closed and swung from the handles as, is dipped into the bath. This bar is so placed,
see Fig. 12, that the pin & rests against one of the wrist pins a¹³, the flat portion d'
of the bar à resting on the same pin; the pin a¹ on the other handle resting at the
same time in the straight slot d, at the other end of the locking bar. The flask is
now immersed in the bath, and is then opened, which opening may be effected by
allowing the two halves of the mould to swing from each other by gravity when
their lower pivoting point strikes the bottom of the bath tank, or by hand, or they
may be forced apart by suitable mechanism provided for the purpose. This opening
movement of the parts of the flask draws one of the pins a" into the curved slot d³, and
this end of the locking bar drops until the pin a lies in the upper part of the curved
slot d², Fig 13, the pin al having been pressed by the same movement of the parts
of the flask against the pin d on the locking bar D, now the closing of the parts of
the flask causes the pin a to push against the sides of the curved slot d³, holding
the locking bar stationary while the pin als slides inward along the flat part d³,
until it reaches the vertical part d', when this end of the locking bar drops down
the pin a enters the recess d³, see Fig. 14.
The vertical part d*, and the outer wall of the recess d³, preferably form an are
of a circle whose radius is equal to the distance between the outside of the pins a¹³
and a, and whose centre is located a little below the slot d³, so that as the outer
end of the locking bar drops down, the pins are drawn slightly towards each other
by the part d', and the outer wall of the recess d³, with a wedging action. It will
be observed that this locking bar in connection with the pins on the handles not
only serves as a lock but also prevents too great a separation of the parts of the
mould when in the molten metal.
In Figs. 1 and 2, the flask containing double and single moulds is shown open
and resting on a stand G on which the flasks are deposited on being taken from
the metal bath. The flask is closed when lifted from the molten metal and is
deposited on a stand G, the pintle of the hinge being placed in the hooks g secured
to the posts g', the flask is then allowed to lean against the support g², next one
part of the flask is drawn away from the other and is laid down on the top of the
stand. This part of the flask should be that one to which the casting adheres
when the flask is opened so the casting may be more easily seized and drawn from
the mould. After the casting is withdrawn the flask is cooled down to the proper
temperature, water being applied with a sponge for that purpose. For catching the
water which flows off the mould during the cooling operation a pan g³ is placed on
the stand and the half flask lies in said pan, when it is lowered on to the table, I
connect the pan g³ with a waste basin 9, arranged under the stand, by a pipe g³.
After the mould has been properly cooled, a suitable lubricant is applied, and the
mould is again in condition for use.
I do not herein limit myself to a hinge or jointed flask, but consider it within
the scope of my invention to so connect the two parts of the flask that they may
be moved towards and from each other in a direct line, or they may be so jointed
at either side or at the top in place of being jointed at the bottom. Such substitute
means for operating flasks being well known in the art.
It is obvious that strips c, instead of being arranged longitudinally, may be
arranged transversely in connection with suitable filling heads in the surrounding
bars without any substantial departure from the construction above described.

page_text: While I have described the locking mechanism with some particularity, I do not
wish to be understood as confining myself to the particular construction shown and
described, the essential features of the locking bar being such that when placed
upon projecting parts of a closed mould, it is moved into a locking position by the
opening of the parts of the mould, and automatically shifted to a locking position
so as to lock the parts together when the mould is closed, and for this purpose the
forms and arrangement of the slots, lugs, &c., may be varied at pleasure, provided
the function and mode of operation remains substantially unchanged.
Part of my invention relates to apparatus for manipulating the moulds in
casting. Fig. 1a, is a side elevation of my apparatus showing its position in lifting
the mould from or depositing it on a mould supporting table; Fig. 2a is a side
elevation of my apparatus having a mould attached thereto and suspended over a
bath of molten metal; Fig. 3ª is an enlarged view showing the standard and its
connections, on which the operating lever is mounted; Figs. 4, 5, and 6ª, are enlarged
detail views of the clutch mechanism used in lifting, opening and closing the mould,
and shows said clutch in different operative positions; Fig. 7a is a detail view of
one-half of the clutch mechanism, the supporting arm being shown in section.
This part of my invention relates to an apparatus for effecting the various
manipulations to which a mould is subjected in carrying out the various steps of
my improved process, as above described, which consists in general terms in
immersing a hinge or jointed mould while tightly closed in a bath of molten metal
separating the parts of the mould so as to admit the molten metal, closing the
mould while submerged and then withdrawing the mould. After the mould is
withdrawn from the bath, it is deposited on a suitable table disengaged from the
clutch mechanism so that it can be opened and the casting withdrawn.
The lever A is pivoted on a pin a, mounted at its ends in the arms a¹³, of a
swinging frame A¹; the lever being held centrally within this frame by flanged
collars a³, surrounding the pivot pin a, and arranged on each side of the lever and
between the arms a' of the swinging frame This frame A¹ is pivoted at tho end
opposite the lever to the upper ends of the arms of the forked frame A by a rod a³,
and this forked frame is vertically pivoted by its pin a* on the end of the
standard A³, so as to rotate on said pivot. By this construction I am enabled not
only to move the lever vertically up and down, but also to swing it back and forth
longitudinally of itself and to turn it around longitudinally. The purposes of such
movements being hereinafter stated.
To the forward end as of the lever A is attached a rod or bar a projecting
upward and backward from the end a³, and upon this rod a® is adjustably secured
by a collar and set screw as the weight or weights a?. To hold this rod a in
proper position with relation to the pivot of the lever, brace rods aº and a¹º are
secured to the lever A, back of the pivot and support the rod aº at the middle and
end thereof. The function of the weight will be stated hereafter. To the lever A,
on each side of its pivotal point, are attached one or more stops a¹¹, which, by
abutting against the standard A³, prevent too great a vertical movement of the
lever. On the under side of the lever and forward of its pivotal point is attached
a hook a¹, and to this hook the weight a¹³, which is provided at its top with a
swivelling stirrup a¹, is to be attached at certain times during the manipulation of
the lever for a purpose to be hereinafter set forth. Near the forward end of the
lever and on one side thereof is attached a friction roller als which runs in a slotted
standard c, secured to the top of the furnace C containing the bath of molten
metal.
To the extreme forward end of the lever A, is pivoted by a pin a16, the supporting
arm b, which is provided with ears b¹, extending upwards on each side of the end
of the lever, and through which passes the pivot pin a¹. These ears 6 form broad
bearing faces and thereby prevent any sidewise oscillation of the arm b, and the
parts connected thereto. Near its lower end this arm b is provided with two
horizontal slots 63, through which pass the pins 63, which also pass through the
lugs 64, of the cylindrical pieces of metal 6, and serve as pivots therefore. The

page_text: adjacent ends of these lugs are curved to form cam surfaces for a purpose hereinafter
stated. The curvature of these cam surfaces is determined by the arc of a circle
whose centre is located at the centre of a knob or projection ba, on the periphery
of the block b. In the cylindrical blocks b, are formed V shaped radial slots bº,
into which pass the handles b7, of the two parts E¹, of a flask E; and these handles
are locked and held within these radial slots by bell crank levers 68, one on each end
of the blocks bo, provided with hooks at one end to catch under the handles b', when
they enter the slots 6º. The outer ends of each pair of levers 68, are united together
by a bar b, thereby ensuring a simultaneous movement of the hooks at each end of
the blocks. To the arm b, above the slots 63, are provided the dogs 610, which are
provided with hooks b¹¹, at the inner side of their outer ends. These hooks b¹¹ at a
certain point in the operation of this device, catch into grooves e, which may be
formed in the outside walls of the mould or in the plate secured on the outsides of
the mould, and of the top thereof, and thereby hold the parts of the mould together,
and furnish a means for lifting the mould from the bath. These dogs 610, are held
in operative positions, and are operated by a spring 8.
The operation of my device is as follows: And in this description I will start
with the mould in a closed condition and resting on the stand D, Fig. 1a, located in
convenient proximity to the furnace C, and within the sweep of the forward end of
lever A. The mould being closed and in an upright position, a workman raises the
handle end of the lever A, thereby lowering the end a³ of the lever, and with it
the blocks 6%, into the slots 6º, of which pass the handles 67, of the mould. In
entering these slots the handles 67 strike and push aside the hooked ends of the bell
crank levers be, and when the handles b' have reached the bottom of the radial
slots 6º, the hooked ends of the levers 68 will drop back into place under the
handles b', and securely lock them in the slots as shown in Fig. 4º. After the
mould has been securely caught in the blocks 65, the swivel stirrup a¹, of
the previously attached weight a¹³, is turned to disengage it from the hook a¹¹, on
the lever A. The sole function of this weight a¹³, being to counterbalance the
weight.a, when the mould is not attached to the lever, and for this purpose it is to
be hooked on to the lever. When the flask is disengaged from the lever, and is to
be unhooked as just stated when the lever and flask are again connected. When
the handle end h, of the lever A, is near or below a horizontal plane passing
through the pivot a, the weight a acts on that side of the pivot. The mould
having been secured in the blocks 65, and the weight a having been disengaged
from the lever A, the workman depresses the end h of the lever A, thereby lifting
the mould from the stand D, and swings the mould around by turning the lever A
on its vertical pivot at, in the standard A', over the furnace C. During this
movement the weight of the mould is counterbalanced wholly or in part by the
weight a', and the mould is held closed by its own weight, as the handles b' of the
mould are further apart than the distance between the slots 6 in the blocks 65,
when said blocks are hanging loose and disengaged from the handles of the mould E.
For it will be observed that the blocks b have a limited range of downward swing
motion on the pivot pins b³, so that the two parts of the mould will be closed
together before the contiguous eccentric or cam faces of lugs 6 come in contact. But
it should also be added that when this clutch and lifting mechanism is disengaged
from the mould, so that such eccentric faces may come in contact with each other,
such contact will take place before the open ends of the slots 6º pass out of proper
position to slip rendily on to the handles 67, as above described. The feature last
referred to, however, is not necessary provided other means be employed, manual
or otherwise, for guiding the slots 6, on to the handles b'. The outer end h, of
the lever A is now raised, care being taken to guide the friction roller a¹ into. the
slot in the standard c, on the furnace, and as this friction roller a15 moves down the
nearly vertical slot in c, it causes the lever A to swing backward slightly on the
pivot a³, of the swinging frame A¹, and consequently the mould descends into the
bath in a practically straight line of motion. As the lever A approaches a hori
zontal position, the weight a' acts more nearly in the vertical line of the pivot a

page_text: and when the lever has reached such a position that the bottom of the mould is
about entering the metal in the bath, the weight a' has ceased to act on the handle
side of the pivot and commences to act on the other side thereof, thereby aiding
the workman to force the mould into the molten metal, this assistance being very
useful, as the molten metal by reason of its great specific gravity will buoy up the
mould with considerable force. The mould is thus pushed down by the movement
of the lever until it reaches the bottom of the vessel containing the molten metal.
During the above described operation, while the mould is suspended in the blocks b³,
the blocks are held so far apart by the handles of the mould that the pins b³ are
in the outer end of the slots b², and the adjacent cam surfaces on the lugs 64, are not
in contact, and the lugs b incline upwardly from the horizontal plane, passing
through the centre of the blocks 65, all as shown in Fig. 4. The mould having
reached the bottom of the vessel containing the molten metal, the downward
movement of the end as of the lever is continued, forcing the lugs b' down toward
and beneath a horizontal position, and tending thereby to force the blocks 65 apart,
but this tendency is resisted by the handles of the mould, which are held together
by the pressure of the metal against its sides, consequently the adjacent surfaces of
the lugs b come together at that point of their surface nearest the centre of the
blocks b, the pins 63 sliding inwards in the slots 62 of the piece or arm b. During
a further downward movement of the arm b, the cam surfaces of the lugs b roll
on or against each other, and as the points of greatest eccentricity of the cam
surfaces approach each other, the blocks, and with them the handles of the mould,
will be forced apart, thus opening the mould as shown in Fig. 5. The position of
the parts when the mould is thus fully opened is clearly shown in Fig. 5, the
mould being opened to its greatest extent when these parts of the adjacent cam
surfaces on the lugs b, which have the greatest eccentricity, are in contact with
each other, and are on or near the horizontal plane passing through the centres of
the blocks 65, as shown. The flask now being opened, and the metal having filled
all its parts, it is now necessary that the mould should be closed while submerged
in the molten metal. This can be done in two ways: First, the workman can
reverse the movement of the lever A, that is, pull down or depress the handle end h,
thereby raising the forward end a, and its attachments, and this upward movement
of a³, will reverse the movements of the blocks b, and will draw the parts of the
mould together, and by continuing the lowering movement of the handle end h, the
mould will be drawn out of the molten metal and can then be swung around on to
the stand D. The movements of the parts thus far described is closely analogous
to the ordinary toggle movement. But it is desirable in some cases that the closing
of the mould should be effected as quickly as possible after it is opened, and that
it should be held more tightly closed than can be. done by the blocks 66 alone.
Therefore instead of reversing, i.e., raising the forward end of the lever which will
require more time than the mould should be allowed to remain open, I prefer to
continue the downward movement of the forward end of the lever a³, and its
attachments after the mould is fully opened and the parts are in the position shown
in Fig. 5*, and by this continued downward movement the lugs 6 will be depressed
still further from the approximately horizontal position in which they were when
in contact, and as they turn on the handles b', as a pivot they will tend to separate,
but this separation will be arrested by the pins b³, striking against the outer
ends of the slots in the arm b, and therefore a further downward movement will
draw the lugs together and consequently close the mould. It is apparent that if
the handle end were now depressed to raise the mould from the bath, that the
mould would be again opened and the metal re-admitted; but, to prevent this
re-opening of the mould, I employ the hooked dogs 610, hereinbefore mentioned.
During the movements of the parts from the position shown in Fig. 4° to that shown
in Fig. 5, the tension of the spring s has kept the free ends of dogs in contact with
the blocks 65, but at the point shown in Fig. 5, and the spring has reached its
normal position and will resist any further spreading of the dogs. During the
movement of the end aº of the lever and its connections from the position shown in

page_text: Fig. 5 to that shown in Fig. 6ª, the rounded ends of the dogs 610 strike on the
top part of the mould and sliding outwardly thereon, are further spread apart
against the tension of the spring s. When the mould has been completely closed
by the downward movement above described, by which the mould was closed, the
dogs 610 have been spread to such an extent that their hooks 6" can be forced by
the spring & down over the edge of the mould and into the groove e, and the mould
will be held tightly closed by said hooks. I prefer this downward movement for
closing the mould, as it takes much less time than is required to close the mould
by reversing the movements as above described, and it is important to close the
mould as quickly as possible after it is opened, as before stated.
I have described the downward movement of the end a³, of the lever and its
attachments as though it was intermittent or step by step, but in actual operation
this downward movement is continuous and rapid from the time the mould is over
the bath until it has been submerged, opened and closed, the whole operation
usually occuping not more than a fractional part of a second.
As soon as the mould is closed and locked the handle end of the lever is pulled
down, thus raising the mould from the bath, the mould being sustained and held
closed during this upward movement by the hooked dogs 610, and as soon as it has
been raised sufficiently to disengage the friction roller a from the slot in the
standard c, the lever is turned horizontally until the mould is over the stand D, on
which it is deposited. As soon as the mould rests upon the stand, the end a³ of the
lever is slightly depressed so that the hooked dogs can be disengaged from the
groove e, then the handles be of the bell crank levers 6s are raised, swinging the
hooks at the other end of said levers from under the handles of the mould when
the end a³ of the lever and its attachments can be lifted away from the moulds,
but before this is done the weight a should be again attached to the lever.
I have found in practice that the hooked dogs 610 are liable in some cases to
allow the parts of the mould to move slightly apart when the mould is lifted, and
that in consequence of such opening some of the metal in the mould escapes. To
remedy this defect I use a locking bar D, see Figs. 4, 5, and 6ª,
It is obvious that any suitable divided or jointed mould having suitable handles
may be used with the above described apparatus, and I do not therefore limit
myself to any particular form of mould.
In so far as relates to a mechanism in which the mould shall be re-closed by a
continuation of the movement which opened it, it will be observed that this result
is produced by what may be termed a toggle joint which passes the centre, that is
to say, one in which the outward or spreading movement of the toggle arms (which
in this case are lettered 6) at first act to push the two halves or parts of the mould
apart, and then, after the point of greatest distension is passed or after their centres
of motion pass below a line joining their pivotal points (here lettered 67), such
toggle arms act to draw the two halves or parts of the mould together. But as
regards this feature, I do not limit myself to any particular form or construction of
toggle arms or toggle joint, and include herein the known substitutes and the
mechanical equivalents thereof, such as are adapted, by a continuous movement to
give first a spreading and then a closing effect. And when this construction and
operation are adopted, the presence of the locking mechanism described, or a
suitable substitute therefore, such as will prevent the re-opening of the mould as
it is lifted from the bath, becomes important. In other words the lock should be
such that the toggle arms then cease to act as a toggle, and become simply a
means of lifting; and to this end any suitable lock may be employed, adapted to do
the work specified in substantially the manner indicated.

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OR METHOD OF
CASTING PLATES FOR USE AS ELEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES, AND IN APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREFOR OR IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, a communication to me
from abroad by Charles Francis Brush, of Cleveland, United States of America,
Electrical Engineer, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
Part of my invention relates to the Process or Method of Casting Plates for use
as Elements in Secondary Batteries, and is illustrated in Fig. 1* of the drawings,
in which is shown a sectional elevation of a furnace and path with a mould therein,
used in executing my process.
In order to obtain a large surface area, the plates, usually of lead or an alloy
thereof, or of material capable of being "formed" as it is called, are provided with
thin projecting leaves arranged in close proximity to each other, and it has been
found nearly if not quite impossible, by the usual mode of casting, to cause the
metal to flow as freely and fully as desired into the small cavities of the mould in
which the projecting leaves are formed. The amount of metal required to fill the
minute parts of the mould is so small that it is chilled by contact with the sides of
the mould cavities before they are entirely filled.
And the fruitful cause of
defective castings is the dross and other impurities which are formed or which
accumulate on the surface of the metal. As it is nearly impossible to entirely
remove such impurities in ordinary modes of casting they are liable to be carried
sometimes into the mould with the good metal, and wherever they lodge they form
holes or defective places.
The object of my invention is to remedy these and other defects in the present
methods of casting, more particularly as regards the class or kind of articles
referred to, and to produce such castings complete and sound, as near as may
be, in all their parts and free from holes and other defects, and consists in the
method substantially as hereinafter described and claimed.
In the drawing A represents the walls of a suitable furnace; B represents an
iron vessel for containing the molten lead; and C a jointed and divided mould
closed and submerged in the molten metal preparatory to executing the subsequent
steps of the process.
In carrying out my process I take a suitable jointed or divided mould (such as
may, by the use of proper mechanism, &c., while closed, be immersed in a bath of
molten metal, and opened and closed quickly while therein and quickly removed),
and having heated it to the requisite temperature, which is somewhat below the
melting point of the metal to be cast, I apply to its inner surface a suitable
lubricant, such as will prevent the casting from adhering to the mould. The
mould is then tightly closed, in which condition it is dipped or immersed into a
buth of the molten metal, from which the casting is to be made, such bath having a
sufficient depth to submerge the mould therein. As soon as the mould is thus
submerged, its jointed or divided parts are separated or moved apart, so as to
provide for a practically unimpeded flow of the molten metal along between the
projecting parts which there may be in the contiguous inner faces of the mould, or
along over the projecting parts on one or more faces. Preferably, I so make the
mould that when thus opened or its parts are separated, an inflow of metal takes
place from all sides along the lines or planes of division; but this is not essential, as

page_text: useful results will follow even if the filling of the mould be done from one or two
open sides or ends. In this regard, the chief feature of importance is the separation
of the opposite parts of the mould, one from another, for the ready and rapid flow
of the metal over the projecting parts of either or any mould face, whereby the
receiving capacity of the mould is increased over and above what it would be if the
mould were kept closed, and the metal is quickly supplied and at a good casting
heat readily and rapidly enters, or on the reclosing of the mould is pressed into the
small cavities or interstices of the mould face or faces so as to ensure a good
casting. And it is a still further characteristic feature or result of this method or
process of casting that more metal is admitted between the walls of the mould than
is essential for the formation of the casting, and hence I am never short of a
sufficient quantity or supply; but so much as does not go into the casting to be
made is excluded or forced out on the reclosing of the mould, which is done by
suitable mechanism while the mould is still submerged, and ordinarily as soon as it
is filled, and this latter work will usually occupy but the fractional part of a second.
The mould is then withdrawn and opened and the casting removed, and as a result
of the operation described, it will be found that the metal has filled or flowed into
the small interstices or between the leaves or other projecting parts, and that a
more perfect and complete casting has been produced than in such work has
heretofore been attainable. Care must be taken that the mould, either in being
artificially heated before submersion in the molten metal or while it is in use, be
kept at a temperature below the melting point of the metal to be cast therein; for
otherwise, the film or fin of metal enclosed between the meeting faces of the joints
of the inould, when the latter is re-closed, would not solidify, and in such case some
or all of the metal enclosed within the mould and not yet solidified, would be
liable to run or leak out when the mould is withdrawn from the bath, with the
result of producing a defective casting. But the mould should be hot enough to
avoid danger from a too rapid chilling of the metal as it flows in when the mould
is opened, which, if it occurred, would be liable to prevent the proper flow of the
metal into the small cavities or interstices at all points, particularly in a casting of
considerable lateral size, and still further would interfere with the re-closing of the
mould.
By thus closing the mould and then submerging it in the bath I prevent any
dross, slag, or other impurities which float on the surface of the molten metal, from
entering the mould; but as regards this feature of the submergence of the mould
in the metal, it is only necessary that the joints to be opened be so far or so com-
pletely beneath the surface of the metal as that no dross or other surface impurity
shall flow in, or if any does flow in the relatively large proportion of good clean
metal, which does flow in, shall be so great that when the mould is re-closed the
excess of metal then driven out or excluded shall wash or drive out any dross or
other impurity so admitted, with the result of a casting of good clean metal.
The mould on being re-closed, is withdrawn, opened and the casting is removed
in any suitable way and the operation is repeated; and it may be added that the
work of submerging, opening and closing and withdrawing the mould should be
performed very rapidly so that the mould will not become too highly heated by
the metal of the bath. As regards the opening and closing of the mould, it is not
material whether the mould be made in two or more parts, nor whether such parts
be so connected as to open and close by a hinge joint or by a direct motion of one
or more parts to and from one or more other parts which I have up to this point
described, the closing of mould before submergence as an element of the present
process; it is still true that this feature may be dispensed with, particularly if the
surface of the bath be kept clean or practically clean of dross or similar impurities,
or if means be added for preventing the same, if present, from entering the mould
to any injurious or deleterious extent. In such case the mould may be submerged
while open, so that as its open sides are depressed beneath the surface of the bath,
the metal will flow in as above described. The mould should, however, be regulated
as to temperature as above-stated; should be immediately closed after proper.

page_text: submergence and promptly removed as already set forth. And this method of
casting, namely, by submergence of a divided or jointed mould in a bath of molten
metal in such manner that the opposite parts or cavity walls thereof being separated,
the molten metal may flow freely therein, followed by a prompt closing of the mould,
and its immediate removal from the bath, is included herein as a part of my present
invention; and this process may be usefully employed in the making of castings
generally, by which I mean without limitation as to shape or without reference to
the presence of projecting parts on the walls of the mould cavity. And in this
connection it may be still further added that in consequence of the admission in
either case of more metal into the mould than is requisite for the formation of the
casting therein, and of the exclusion of the excess on the re-shutting of the mould,
not only is the metal pressed into the cavities or interstices, but the outgoing
stream of metal is cut off so as to pack the joints by a film or fin of metal which is
solidified by the closing thereon of the meeting walls of the mould along the plane
of the joint of the closing parts; simultaneously with the completion of the casting
by pressure or by the quantity of the metal itself. And this solidification of such
film is effected in consequence of the fact already stated that the temperature of
the mould is kept below the melting point of the molten metal itself.
Part of my invention relates to moulds for casting plates to be used as elements
in Secondary Batteries, and is illustrated in the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a
perspective view of my double mould for casting plates with leaves or projections
on each side thereof, the mould being shown open and resting on its stand;
Fig. 2 is a similar view of a mould for casting single plates, i.e., plates having
leaves or projections on one side only
Fig. 3 is an edge view to an enlarged scale of my mould, it being represented as
closed by full lines and slightly opened by broken lines for the purpose of illustrating
the locking device.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of one-half of my mould, on the same scale as Fig. 3,
showing the inner face of the mould.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of one-half of my mould, the scale being somewhat
reduced, showing the outside thereof.
Fig. 6 is a detached view, on a still more enlarged scale, showing in section
portions of the mould shown in Fig. 4, the section being taken on line x, x,
Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section on the line y, y, Fig. 4, of the mould, the end bar,
having therein a part of filling head, being shown in section.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of one of the hinges.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view showing a modified form of one of the strips.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of one of the halves of the mould for casting
single plates.
Fig. 11 is an inverted sectional view similar to that of Fig. 7, showing a
modification of the transverse grooves.
Figs. 12 to 14 are diagramatic views illustrating the operation of the locking
bar.
My invention relates to a mould for executing the process of casting above
referred to, by the submergence of a jointed or divided mould in a bath of molten
metal,. separating the parts of the mould and allowing the metal to flow freely
therein, and then closing the mould still submerged, whereby the difficulties
heretofore encountered in producing castings having their leaves or projections on
one or both sides are practically obviated.
The flask is composed of two parts, each part consisting of the frame or mould
carrier, and the mould proper. The frame or carrier A, is a rectangularly shaped
casting and is braced or strengthened by three or more longitudinal bars a, see
Fig. 5, cast in one piece with the frame. The lower transverse bar a of the frame
is sloped downward from the outside of the carrier so as to enter the molten metal
with a wedge-like action and thereby avoid, to a great extent, any splashing of the
molten metal when the flask is suddenly plunged therein. Ou the lower transverse

page_text: bar are cast two projecting arms or lugs a³, which form the continuations of the
wedge like bar a. In the lower ends of these bars are arranged the hinges to be
hereinafter described, by which the two parts of the flask are hinged together. On
the upper cross bar of the carrier are cast two curved arms or lugs a³, through
which passes the handle a³, by which the flask is manipulated. At intervals along
the inside of each of the longitudinal bars of the carrier A are formed short bosses
or projections a, and on these bosses rests the mould proper which is held in place
by bolts A", see Fig. 6; passing through the longitudinal bars and the bosses
therein, and screwing into the back of the mould proper. These bosses keep the
mould B away from the carrier A, and allow a free access of the molten metal to
all parts of the flask, thereby ensuring an equal expansion of all parts, and
preventing to a great extent any warping and twisting of any of the parts.
One-half of the mould proper B, consists of an outside frame, whose inner edges
form the outer walls of the matrix, and a series of longitudinal steel strips properly
spaced or separated forming the matrix itself.
The outside frame is made in four pieces b, 61, 62, 63, the bars 6 and 6', Fig. 4,
forming the top and bottom, and the bars 62 and 63 the sides of the mould. The
upper bar bis recessed longitudinally at 6' on the inner surface to form one-half of
a filling head and this recess is connected with the matrix of the mould by slots 6º,
more fully shown in Fig. 7. Thus provision is made to supply the loss arising
from shrinkage during the solidification of the casting. The lower cross bar
has formed thereon two projecting lugs 6, which are recessed at 6' on their inner
surfaces, said ręcesses opening at their inner ends into the matrix. In these
recesses are formed lugs on the cast plates, by which they can be carried or to
which handles or other devices may be attacked.
The matrix or middle part of the mould is made up of a large number of steel
strips c, arranged longitudinally within the frame. The steel strips e are bevelled
off at c² on one side for about half their width to give the draft necessary for
withdrawal of the leaves of the casting from between the strips c.
The bevel c
on the strips is formed by grinding, and the grinding should be effected with the
strips lying in a plane parallel to the axis of the grinding wheel, so that the
minute grooves, indicated by fine lines on the bevelled surface in Fig. 7, which are
inevitably produced in any grinding operation will be transverse to the length of
the strips and will lay in planes parallel to the direction in which the casting is
withdrawn, consequently the metal which will flow into these grooves in casting
will not present any hindrance to the easy withdrawal of the casting, as would be
the case were these grooves formed longitudinally in the bevelled portions of the
strips. These strips c are separated or held apart to form spaces or grooves between
them, into which the molten metal can flow, by brass strips c¹ having a thickness
corresponding to the thickness of the leaves to be cast, and a width equal to the
unbevelled portion of the steel strips c. In place of using the brass strips c¹ for
separating the strips c and forming the bottom of the spaces between them, these
strips c may be made thicker, and the upper part thereof on one side be so cut or
ground away as to form a shoulder c', see Fig. 9, the bevel c being formed above
said shoulder as clearly shown.
To brace, if need be, the leaves of the casting formed in the spaces between the
strips, the strips c are notched as e³, at equal intervals along their length. These
notches are V shaped and of a width greater than the distance between two
adjoining strips c, and form, when, the strips are put in position to form the
matrix, a continuous groove across the mould, see Fig. 4.
The ends of the strips c are also bevelled off at c for about one-half of their
width, and form in connection with the end bars b and b', a channel at each end of
the mould, along which the metal can flow. The upper one of these channels is
connected with the recess b', forming part of the filling head by the notches 6, and
thus form a passage along which the metal in the filling head can flow to the upper
ends of cach one of the spaces between the strips c. And, further, these channels
at each end of the mould form a transverse leaf at each end of the completed casting

page_text: of considerable thickness, which brace the longitudinal leaves at their ends, and
protect them from accidental injury.
Through the body, or unbevelled portion of the strips c, through the brass
strips c, and through the side bars 6 and 63, are bored holes through which pass
rods c, threaded at their ends, and on these rods are screwed the cap nuts c, fitting
into the enlarged portion of the holes in the side bars. These nuts force and hold
the strips and side bars firmly together, thus forming what is practically a solid
plate of metal, having formed on one side thereof a series of narrow longitudinal
grooves tapering from the top to the bottom, and also two, three, or more wider
transverse grooves similarly tapered. The end bars 6 and 61 are secured to the
parts above described by screws passing through their ends into the side bars b²
and 63, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 4. The steel strips c are arranged
together with their bevelled sides facing outward from the centre towards both
sides, the flat sides of the two central strips being placed together, as shown in
Fig. 6, so that, as the contraction of the metal in cooling is always from the outside
towards the centre, the leaves of the casting between the strips will be drawn away
from the straight side of one strip towards the bevelled side of the next strip
towards the centre, by the contraction of the web portion of the casting, thus
facilitating the easy withdrawal of the casting from the mould. The ends of the
steel and brass strips c and c¹, and the side bars 63 and 63, are notched at their ends
near the lower edge thereof to receive a tongue or rib 68, Fig. 7, on the inside edges
of the top and bottom bars 6 and b', thus forming a lock to keep the parts in
position and support the ends of the steel and brass strips c and c'.
The half of the mould thus far described is used in casting both of the double
plates, see Fig. 1, and the single plates, see Fig. 2.
In casting double plates, or plates having leaves or projections on both sides
thereof, I employ, as the other half of the mould, a half mould S, nearly similar to
the half mould B in its construction. The differences are as follows:-the lugs 8
are not recessed, but are plain, serving simply as covers for the recesses 67, in the
lugs of the half mould B, the whole of the handle or lug of the casting being
formed in the recess 67, and to provide ribs or fins to which can be attached some
device for extracting the casting from the mould B. The transverse leaves in this
half of the casting project upwardly, and which would in such case correspond with
the leaves formed in the notches c³, are now projected upwards to a greater height,
so that such added projection may be utilized as a means for taking hold of the
casting and lifting it out by suitable grippers. The construction, by which this
greater height of projecting leaf is secured, is represented by an inverted section of
a portion of the upper half S of the mould in Fig. 11, where s¹ shows a suitable
depth of notch or recess transversely across the steel strips, said notch extending
also into the brass separating strips, for the making of fins on the upper side of the
casting, enough higher than those on the lower side to provide for the gripping and
lifting function referred to. There will therefore be formed in this upper half S of
the mould, a casting having a series of longitudinal leaves and a series of transverse
bracing leaves, but these latter will extend over the longitudinal leaves in the shape
of ribs or fins, which will serve as parts to which the gripping and lifting device
can be attached. Theɛo deepened grooves or notches s¹ may be formed in both
halves of the mould, but it is not necessary, as by lubricating that half of the
mould having the deepened grooves or notches a little more freely than the other
half, the casting will, on opening the mould, draw from the half S, and adhere with
greater tenacity to the other half B of the mould.
I will next describe the construction of the other half E, Fig. 2, used in casting
single plates, i.e., plates with leaves or projections on one side only. This second
half E consists of a smooth, flat plate of metal having the same shape and size as
the mould B, but having cut transversely across its face a series of grooves e
preferably corresponding in size and location to the grooves formed in the mould B,
by the notches es in the strips c. In these grooves e are formed fins or ribs on the
back of the plate by which the plate can be drawn from the mould B, the gripping

page_text: and lifting device above referred to being attached thereto for this purpose. These
fins or ribs are to be cut off after having served their intended purpose. A recess 8',
corresponding in location and size to the recess 6 of the other half mould, is also
formed in this plate E, and connected with the upper groove e by notches e', see
Figs. 2 and 10, the two recesses &¹ and b' when closed forming the complete filling
bead. The lugs e³ are not recessed, but are plain, performing the same functions
as the lugs 8 of the half S.
Both the half moulds S and E, are secured to a carrier frame similar to the
frame A in its form and construction in the same manner as the half mould B.
These carrier frames are hinged together at their lower ends by any suitable hinge
formed in or attached to the lugs a², but I prefer the form of hinge which I will
now describe, reference being had to Fig. 4, and Fig. 8, of the drawing.
As some of the parts of the flask are larger than others, and consequently will
expand more when the mould is heated, provision must be made to compensate for
this unequal expansion, and so ensure a perfect fitting of the two parts of the mould
when closed in the molten metal, and to this end one of the arms or lugs a² on each
carrier A is bored out to just receive the pintle aº. The other arm of each carrier
is bored to receive and allow considerable play to a sleeve a', Fig. 8, .which will fit
closely around the pintle a. This sleeve is held adjusted within the opening in the
arm a³, by set screws a³. As the parts of the hinge should be drawn so closely
together as to prevent any metal from flowing into the parts of the hinge, I brace
them against any inward flexure by placing a piece of pipe aº, Fig. 4 and Fig. 8,
through which the pintle a can pass, between the two inside arms of the hinge.
As this piece of pipe is of a size equal to the normal distance between the two
inside arms a², the parts of the hinge can be tightly drawn together without
any danger of breaking or bending the arms. The outside parts of the hinge
are protected by a washer a¹, Fig. 8, held in place by the nut a¹¹, at the end of
the pintle.
To prevent the metal from spurting up when the two parts of the flask are.
suddenly brought together in the molten metal, a guard f of sheet metal is attached
to the upper cross bar of one of the carriers, and is provided with notches into
which fit the bars a of the other half of the carrier. The web or plate, on which the
thin leaves or projections are formed in casting, is formed by making the outside
bars b, 61, 62, and 63, slightly higher than the top edges of the strips c, but this
increase in elevation of the outside bars may be very slight, and in fact may be
wholly omitted, as there will always, in the use of this mould, be a small amount
of metal caught between the perimeters of the two moulds when they are closed in
the molten bath, consequently, as the two moulds never come into absolute contact
when in use, a web will be formed inside of the mould. This metal, so caught
between the two parts of the mould, is prevented from escaping from the slight
opening between them by the sudden cooling of the metal caught between the edges
of the mould as above described, the chilled metal acting as a dam or packing to
prevent the metal inside of the mould from escaping.
In the operation of casting, the mould is opened and closed while in the molten
metal, and immediately withdrawn therefrom; therefore, to hold the parts of the flask
closed while being withdrawn, and until the metal has set, wrist pins a¹³ and a",
see Fig. 3 and Fig. 12, are attached to each of the arms a³. On these pins on each
side of the handles I place the locking bar d, just before the mould, which is tightly
closed, and swung from the handles as, is dipped into the bath. This bar is so
placed, see Fig. 12, that the pin d rests against one of the wrist pins a¹³, the flat
portion d¹ of the bar d resting on the same pin; the pin a¹ on the other handle
resting at the same time in the straight slot d³, at the other end of the locking bar.
The flask is now immersed in the bath, and is then opened, which opening may be
effected by allowing the two halves of the mould to swing from each other by
gravity when their lower pivoting point strikes the bottom of the bath tank, or by
hand, or they may be forced apart by suitable mechanism provided for the purpose.
This opening movement of the parts of the flask draws one of the pins a¹ into the

page_text: curved slot ³, and this end of the locking bar drops until the pin a¹* lies in the
upper part of the curved slot d², Fig 13, the pin a³ having been pressed by the same
movement of the parts of the flask against the pin d on the locking bar D, now
the closing of the parts of the flask causes the pin a to push. against the sides of
the curved slot d³, holding the locking bar stationary while the pin a¹³ slides in ward
along the flat part d', until it reaches the vertical part d', when this end of the
locking bar drops down the pin a¹³ enters the recess d³, see Fig. 14.
The vertical part d', and the outer wall of the recess d³, preferably form an arc
of a circle whose radius is equal to the distance between the outside of the pins a¹³
and a, and whose centre is located a little below the slot d³, so that as the outer.
end of the locking bar drops down, the pins are drawn slightly towards each other
by the part d, and the outer wall of the recess d³, with a wedging action. It will
be observed that this locking bar in connection with the pins on the handles not
only serves as a lock but also prevents too great a separation of the parts of the ▸
mould when in the molten metal.
In Figs. 1 and 2, the flask containing double and single moulds is shown open
and resting on a stand G on which the flasks are deposited on being taken from
the metal bath. The flask is closed when lifted from the molten metal and is
deposited on a stand G, the pintle of the hinge being placed in the hooks g secured.
to the posts g', the flask is then allowed to lean against the support g², next one
part of tho flask is drawn away from the other and is laid down on the top of the
stand. This part of the flask should be that one to which the casting adheres when
the flask is opened so the casting may be. more easily. seized and drawn.from-the-
mould. After the casting is withdrawn the flask is cooled down to the proper
temperature, water being applied with a sponge for that purpose. For catching
the water which flows off the mould. during the cooling operation a pan g³. is placed:
on the stand and the half flask lies in said pan, when it is lowered on to the table,
I connect the pan g³ with a waste basin g', arranged under the stand, by a pipe g³.
After the mould has been properly cooled, a suitable lubricant is applied, and the
inould is again in condition for use.
I do not herein limit myself to a hinge or jointed flask, but consider it within
the scope of my invention to so connect the two parts of the flask that they may be
moved towards and from each other in a direct line, or they may be so jointed at
either side, or at the top in place of being, jointed at the bottom. Such substitute
means for operating flasks being well known in the art.
It is obvious that strips c, instead of being arranged longitudinally, may be
arranged transversely in connection with suitable filling, heads in the surrounding
bars without any substantial departure from. the construction aboved described.
While I have described the locking mechanism with some particularity, I do not
wish to be understood as confining myself to the particular construction shown
and described, the essential features of the locking bar being such that when placed
upon projecting parts of a closed mould, it is moved into a locking position by the
opening of the parts of the mould, and automatically shifted to a locking position
so as to lock the parts together when the mould is closed, and for this purpose the
forms and arrangement of the slots, lugs, &c., may be varied at pleasure, provided
the function and mode of operation remains substantially unchanged.
Part of my invention relates to apparatus for manipulating the moulds in casting,
Fig. 1, is a side, elevation of my apparatus showing. its position in lifting the mould
from or depositing it on a mould supporting table; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of my.
apparatus having a mould attached thereto and suspended over a bath of molten
metal; Fig. 3 is an enlarged view showing the standard and its connections, on
which the operating lever is mounted; Figs. 4º, 5º, and 6ª, are enlarged detail views
of the clutch mechanism used in lifting, opening and closing the mould, and shows
said clutch in different operative positions; Fig. 7 is a detail view of one-half of
the clutch mechanism, the supporting arm being shown in section.
This part of my invention relates to an apparatus for effecting the various
manipulations to which a mould is subjected in carrying out the various steps of

page_text: my improved process, as above described, which consists in general terms in
immersing a hinge or jointed mould while tightly closed in a bath of molten metal
separating the parts of the mould so as to admit the molten metal, closing the
mould while submerged and then withdrawing the mould. After the mould is
withdrawn from the bath, it is deposited on a suitable table disengaged from the
clutch mechanism so that it can be opened and the casting withdrawn.
The lever A is pivoted on a pin a, mounted at its ends in the arms a', of a
swinging frame A¹; the lever being held centrally within this frame by flanged
collars a³, surrounding the pivot pin a, and arranged on each side of the lever and
between the arms a' of the swinging frame This frame A¹ is pivoted at the end
opposite the lever to the upper ends of the arms of the forked frame A² by a rod a³,
and this forked frame is vertically pivoted by its pin a* on the end of the
standard A³, so as to rotate on said pivot. By this construction I am enabled not
only to move the lever vertically up and down, but also to swing it back and forth
longitudinally of itself and to turn it around longitudinally. The purposes of such
movements being hereinafter stated.
To the forward end as of the lever A is attached a rod or bar a projecting
upward and backward from the end a, and upon this rod at is adjustably secured
by a collar and set screw as the weight or weights a. To hold this rod a in
proper position with relation to the pivot of the lever, .brace rods aº and a¹º are
secured to the lever A, back of the pivot and support the rod a6 at the middle and
end thereof. The function of the weight will be stated hereafter. To the lever A.,
on each side of its pivotal point, are attached one or more stops a", which, by
abutting against the standard A³, prevent too great a vertical movement of the
lever. On the under side of the lever and forward of its pivotal point is attached
a look a¹; and to this hook the weight a¹³, which is provided at its top with a
swivelling stirrup a, is to be attached at certain times during the manipulation
of the lever for a purpose to be hereinafter set forth. Near the forward end of the
lever and on one side thereof is attached a friction roller a¹s which runs in a
slotted standard c, secured to the top of the furnace C containing the bath of
molton metal.
:
To the extreme forward end of the lever A, is pivoted by a pin a16, the supporting
arm b, which is provided with ears 6', extending upwards on each side of the end
of the lever, and through which passes the pivot pin a¹. These ears 6¹ form broad
bearing faces and thereby prevent any sidewise oscillation of the arm b, and the
parts connected thereto. Near its lower end this. arm b is provided with two
horizontal slots 62, through which pass the pins b³, which also pass through the
lugs b, of the cylindrical pieces of metal 65, and serve as pivots therefore. The
adjacent ends of these lugs are curved to form cam surfaces for a purpose herein-
after stated. The curvature of these cam surfaces is determined by the arc of
a circle whose centre is located at the centre of a knob or projection 61%, on the
periphery of the block 65. In the cylindrical blocks 65, are formed V shaped radial
slots be, into which pass the handles b', of the two parts E¹, of a flask E; and these
handles are locked and held within these radial slots by bell crank levers 68, one
on each end of the blocks b³, provided with hooks at one end to catch under the
handles 67, when they enter the slots 6º. The outer ends of each pair of levers 68,
are united together by a bar 6º, thereby ensuring a simultaneous movement of the
hooks at each end of the blocks. To the arm b, above the slots 62, are provided
the dogs 610, which are provided with books 611, at the inner side of their outer
ends. These hooks 6" at a certain point in the operation of this device, catch into
grooves e, which may be formed in the outside walls of the mould or in the plate
secured on the outsides of the mould, and of the top thereof, and thereby hold
the parts of the mould together, and furnish a means for lifting the mould from'
the bath. These dogs 610, are held in operative positions, and are operated by
a spring 8.
The operation of my device is as follows:- And in this description I will start
with the mould in a closed condition and resting on the stand D. Fig. 1ª. located
:

page_text: in convenient proximity to the furnace C, and within the sweep of the forward end
of lever A. The mould being closed and in an upright position, a workman raises
the handle end h of the lever A, thereby lowering the end as of the lever, and with
it the blocks 6, into the slots 66, of which pass the handles b', of the mould. In
entering these slots the handles 6' strike and push aside the hooked ends of the bell
· crank levers 68, and when the handles 67 have reached the bottom of the radial
slots bo, the hooked ends of the levers 68 will drop back into place under the
handles b', and securely lock them in the slots as shown in Fig. 4º. After the
mould has been securely caught in the blocks 6, the swivel stirrup a", of the
previously attached weight a¹³, is turned to disengage it from the hook a¹³, on
the lever A. The sole function of this weight a¹³, being to counterbalance the
weight a', when the mould is not attached to the lever, and for this purpose it is
to be hooked on to the lever when the flask is disengaged from the lever, and is to
be unhooked as just stated when the lever and flask are again connected. When
the handle end h, of the lever A, is near or below a horizontal plane passing
through the pivot a, the weight a7 acts on that side of the pivot. The mould
having been secured in the blocks 65; and the weight a having been disengaged
from the lever A, the workman depresses the end h of the lever A, thereby lifting
the mould from the stand,D, and swings the mould around by turning the lever A
on its vertical pivot a', in the standard A7, over the furnace C. During this
movement the weight of the mould is counterbalanced wholly or in part by the
weight a', and the mould is held closed by its own weight, as the handles b7 of
the mould are further apart than the distance between the slots be in the blocks b",
when said blocks are hanging loose and disengaged from the handles of the mould E.
For it will be observed that the blocks 65 have a limited range of downward swing
motion on the pivot pins 6³, so that the two parts of the mould will be closed
together before the contiguous eccentric or cam faces of lugs b* come in contact. But
it should also be added that when this clutch and lifting mechanism is disengaged
from the mould, so that such eccentric faces may come in contact with each other,
such contact will take place before the open ends of the slots 66 pass out of proper
position to slip readily on to the handles b', as above described. The feature last
referred to, however, is not necessary provided other means be employed, manual or
otherwise, for guiding the slots 66, on to the handles b. The outer end h, of the
lever A is now raised, care being taken to guide the friction roller als into the slot
in the standard c, on the furnace, and as this friction roller a¹ moves down the
nearly vertical slot in c, it causes the lever A to swing backward slightly on the
pivot a³, of the swinging frame A', and consequently the mould descends into
the bath in a practically straight line of motion. As the lever A approaches a
horizontal position, the weight a' acts more nearly in the vertical line of the
pivot a, and when the lever has reached such a position that the bottom of the
mould is about entering the metal in the bath, the weight a³ has ceased to act on
the handle side of the pivot and commences to act on the other side thereof, thereby
aiding the workman to force the mould into the molten metal, this assistance being
very useful, as the molten metal by reason of its great specific gravity will buoy up
the mould with considerable force. The mould is thus pushed down by the move-
ment of the lever until it reaches the bottom of the vessel containing the molten
metal. During the above-described operation, while the mould is suspended in the
blocks 6, the blocks are held so far apart by the handles of the mould that the
pins 6 are in the outer end of the slots 62, and the adjacent cam surfaces on
the lugs 6*, are not in contact, and the lugs b* incline upwardly from the horizontal
plane, passing through the centre of the blocks 6, all as shown in Fig. 4. The
mould having reached the bottom of the vessel containing the molten metal, the
downward movement of the end a³ of the lever is continued, foreing the lugs b*
down toward and beneath a horizontal position, and tending thereby to force the
blocks b apart, but this tendency is resisted by the handles of the mould, which are
held together by the pressure of the metal against its sides, consequently the
adjacent surfaces of the lugs b* come together at that point of their surface nearest

page_text: the centre of the blocks 63, the pins 63 sliding inwards in the slots 6 of the piece or
arm b. During a further downward movement of the arm b, the cam surfaces of
the lugs b roll on or against each other, and as the points of greatest eccentricity
of the cam surfaces approach each other, the blocks, and with them the handles of
the mould, will be forced apart, thus opening the mould as shown in Fig. 5º. The
position of the parts when the mould is thus fully opened is clearly shown in Fig. 5ª,
the mould being opened to its greatest extent when these parts of the adjacent cam
surfaces on the lugs 6', which have the greatest eccentricity, are in contact with
each other, and are on or near the horizontal plane passing through the centres of
the blocks b, as shown. The flask now being opened, and the metal having filled
all its parts, it is now necessary that the mould should be closed while submerged
in the molten metal. This can be done in two ways: First, the workman can
reverse the movement of the lever A, that is, pull down or depress the handle end h,
thereby raising the forward end a³, and its attachments, and this upward movement
of a³, will reverse the movements of the blocks 65, and will draw the parts of the
mould together, and by continuing the lowering movement of the handle end h,
the mould will be drawn out of the molten metal and can then be swung around on
to the stand D. The movements of the parts thus far described is closely analogous
to the ordinary toggle movement. But it is desirable in some cases that the closing
of the mould should be effected as quickly as possible after it is opened, and that it
should be held more tightly closed than can be done by the blocks 65 alone. There-
fore instead of reversing, i.e., raising the forward end of the lever which will
require more time than the mould should be allowed to remain open, I prefer to
continue the downward movement of the forward end of the lever a, and its
attachments after the mould is fully opened and the parts are in the position shown
in Fig. 5, and by this continued downward movement the lugs b' will be depressed
still further from the approximately horizontal position in which they were when
in contact, and as they turn on the handles b', as a pivot they will tend to separate,
but this separation will be arrested by the pins 63, striking against the outer ends
of the slots b³ in the arm b, and therefore a further downward movement will draw
the lugs together and consequently close the mould. It is apparent that if the
handle end h were now depressed to raise the mould from the bath, that the mould
would be again opened and the metal re-admitted; but, to prevent this re-opening
of the mould, I employ the hooked dogs 610, hereinbefore mentioned. During the
movements of the parts from the position shown in Fig. 4 to that shown in Fig. 5*,
the tension of the spring 8 has kept the free ends of dogs in contact with the
blocks 6, but at the point shown in Fig. 5º, and the spring has reached its normal
position and will resist any further spreading of the dogs. During the movement
of the end a of the lever and its connections from the position shown in Fig. 5° to.
that shown in Fig. 6, the rounded ends of the dogs 610 strike on the top part of
the mould and sliding outwardly thereon, are further spread apart against the
tension of the spring 8. When the mould has been completely closed by the down-
ward movement above described, by which the mould was closed, the dogs 610 have
been spread to such an extent that their hooks b¹ can be forced by the spring s
down over the edge of the mould and into the groove e, and the mould will be held
tightly closed by said hooks. I prefer this downward movement for closing the
mould, as it takes much less time than is required to close the mould by reversing
the movements as above described, and it is important to close the mould as quickly
as possible after it is opened, as before stated.
I have described the downward movement of the end as, of the lever and its
attachments as though it was intermittent or step by step, but in actual operation
this downward movement is continuous and rapid from the time the mould is over
the bath until it has been submerged, opened and closed, the whole operation
usually occupying not more than a fractional part of a second.
As soon as the mould is closed and locked the handle end of the lever is pulled
down, thus raising the mould from the bath, the mould being sustained and held
closed during this upward movement by the hooked dogs 610, and as soon as it

page_text: has been raised sufficiently to disengage the friction roller a¹³ from the slot in the
'standard c, the lever is turned horizontally until the mould is over the stand D, on
which it is deposited. As soon as the mould rests upon the stand, the end a³ of
the lever is slightly depressed so that the hooked dogs can be disengaged from the
groove e, then the handles 6 of the bell crank levers 68 are raised, swinging the
hooks at the other end of said levers from under the handles of the mould when
the end as of the lever and its attachments can be lifted away from the moulds,
but before this is done the weight a¹ should be again attached to the lever.
I have found in practice that the hooked dogs 610 are liable in some cases to
allow the parts of the mould to move slightly apart when the mould is lifted,
and that in consequence of such opening some of the metal in the mould escapes.
To remedy this defect I use a locking bar D, see Figs. 4ª, 5ª, and 6ª.
It is obvious that any suitable divided or jointed mould having suitable handles
may be used with the above described apparatus, and I do not therefore limit.
myself to any particular form of mould.
In so far as relates to a mechanism in which the mould shall be re-closed by
a continuation of the movement which opened it, it will be observed that this
result is produced by what may be termed a toggle joint which passes the centre,
that is to say, one in which the outward or spreading movement of the toggle arms
(which in this case are lettered b') at first act to push the two halves or parts of the
mould apart, and then, after the point of greatest distension is passed or after their
centres of motion pass below a line joining their pivotal points (here lettered b),
such toggle arms act to draw the two halves or parts of the mould together. But
as regards this feature, I do not limit myself to any particular form or construction
of toggle arms or toggle joint, and include herein the known substitutes and the
mechanical equivalents thereof, such as are adapted, by a continuous movement to
give first a spreading and then a closing effect. And when this construction and
operation are adopted, the presence of the locking mechanism described, or a
suitable substitute therefore, such as will prevent the re-opening of the mould as it
is lifted from the bath, becomes important. In other words the lock should be such
that the toggle arms then cease to act as a toggle, and become simply a means of
lifting; and to this end any suitable lock may be employed, adapted to do the work
specified in substantially the manner indicated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is.
1. The herein described method of casting metals, which consists in submerging
a jointed or divided mould in a bath of molten metal, allowing the mould to fill
while two or more of its opposite walls or parts are separate, and then closing the
same while still submerged, substantially as set forth.
2. The herein described method of casting metals, which consists in submerging
a tightly closed jointed or divided mould in a bath of molten metal, separating the
opposite parts thereof, and re-closing the same while still submerged, substantially
as set forth.
3. In the process of casting by the submergence of a jointed or divided mould in
the molten metal, the combination of the following steps: first, the heating of the
mould to a point above that at which the metal flowing therein on or after
submergence would chill too rapidly, but below the melting point of such inflowing
metal; second, submerging the mould in the molten metal; third, allowing the
mould to fill while two or more of its opposite parts are separated; fourth, closing
the same while still submerged; and fifth, withdrawing the same from the molten
metal, substantially as set forth.
4. In the process of casting by submergence of a jointed or divided mould in
the molten metal, the combination of the following steps: first, the heating of the
mould substantially as described; second, submerging the closed mould substantially
as described; third, opening and filling it, substantially as described; fourth,
re-closing the same, excluding surplus metal, and packing the joints with chilled

page_text: metal, substantially as described; and fifth, withdrawing the same from the molten
metal, substantially as set forth.
5. In the process of casting by the submergence of a jointed or divided mould in
the molten metal the process of simultaneously pressing the molten metal into the
smaller cavities of the mould, expressing the excess of metal and packing the joint
or joints of the re-closed mould by clamping the meeting walls of the mould on to
and so chilling a film of metal between such walls on the closing movement of
the previously separated parts of the mould while still submerged, substantially as
set forth.
6. In the process of casting by the submergence of a jointed or divided mould
in the molten metal, the method of packing the joint or joints of the mould by
closing the meeting walls thereof on a film of the escaping metal, and simultaneously
solidifying such film by the lower temperature of such walls before the emergence
of the mould from the bath, substantially as set forth.
7. In a mould for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frame and a
series of spaced strips arranged within said frame, the frame and strips constituting
the casting faces or walls of the mould, substantially as set forth.
8. In a mould for casting metals, the combination of surrounding frame and
series of properly spaced strips arranged longitudinally within said frame, each
strip being notched at one or more points as at c³, along its face edge, substantially
as set forth.
9. In a mould for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frame and
a series of transversely bevelled strips arranged within said frame, the frame
and strips constituting the casting faces or walls of the mould, substantially as set
forth.
10. In a mould for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frame, a
series of transversely bevelled and notched strips arranged within said frame, and
a series of narrow strips arranged between and separating the other strips,
substantially as set forth.
11. In a mould for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frame con-
sisting of top, bottom and side bars, the top bar being provided with a longitudinal
filling head recess and slot connecting said recess with the matrix of the mould,
a series of transversely bevelled and notched strips arranged within the frame, and
a series of narrow spacing strips, substantially as set forth.
12. In a mould for casting metals, the combination of a surrounding frame
consisting of top, bottom and side bars, the top bar having a longitudinal recess
and slots connecting said recess with the upper transverse groove in the matrix,
and the lower bar having recessed lugs connecting with the lower transverse groove
of the matrix, a series of strips being transversely bevelled on their sides and ends,
and a series of narrow spacing strips, substantially as set forth.
13. A mould for casting metals consisting of two parts hinged or jointed
together as described, each of said parts having a series of transverse and longi-
tudinal grooves formed in its surface, the transverse grooves in one part being
somewhat deeper than the like grooves in the other part, substantially as set forth.
14. A mould for casting metals, consisting of two parts hinged or jointed
together as described, one of said parts having a series of transverse and longi-
tudinal grooves in its surface and the other part having transverse grooves,
substantially as set forth.
15. A mould structure, the casting faces of which are composed wholly or in
part of parallel or approximately parallel strips, having bevelled sides, said strips
being arranged with their bevelled sides facing in opposite and outwardly directions,
substantially as set forth.
16. The combination of the two parts of a flask, each part being provided with
two perforated lugs, one of said lugs on each part having an adjustable sleeve
within its perforations, and a pintle, substantially as shown and described.
17. The combination of the two parts of a flask, each part being provided with
two perforated lugs, one of said lugs on each part having an adjustable sleeve

page_text: within its perforations, a pintle passing through the perforations and sleeves of the
lugs of each part, and a pipe extending between the inside lugs, and surrounding
the pintle, substantially as shown and described.-
18. The combination of the two parts of a flask having arms with pins therein,
a locking bar D, having at one end the pin d, the plain portion &, the vertical
part d', and recess d³, and at the other end the horizontal slot d², and the vertical
and curved slot d³, said parts being constructed and arranged, substantially as
shown and described.
19. In combination with the two parts of a divided mould a locking mechanism
'suitably constructed to permit of the opening of the mould and thereby be shifted
to a locking position, and to automatically lock the mould in a closed position on
the closing thereof, substantially as set forth.
20. In combination with the two parts of a divided mould, a locking mechanism
suitably constructed to permit of the opening of the mould and thereby be shifted
to a locking position, to limit the opening movement, and to automatically lock
the mould in a closed position immediately on the closing thereof, substantially as
set forth.
21. An apparatus for manipulating jointed or divided moulds in casting metal
having in combination a mechanism for taking hold of the opposite parts of said
mould, mechanism for lowering and raising the mould, and mechanism for opening
and closing the mould, substantially as set forth.
22. An apparatus for manipulating jointed or divided moulds in casting metal
having in combination a mechanism for taking hold of the opposite parts of said
mould, mechanism for moving the mould vertically and-horizontally, and mechanism
for opening and closing the mould, substantially as set forth.
23. An apparatus for manipulating jointed or divided moulds in casting metal
having in combination mechanism for taking hold of the opposite parts of said
mould, mechanism for lowering and raising the mould, mechanism for opening and
closing the mould, and mechanism for locking the mould when closed, substantially
as set forth.
24. An apparatus for manipulating jointed or divided moulds in casting metals
having in combination mechanism for taking hold of the opposite parts of the
mould, mechanism for raising and lowering the mould, and mechanism for opening
and closing the mould, all constructed and arranged to be operated by a continuous
movement in one direction, substantially as set forth.
25. An apparatus for. manipulating jointed or. divided moulds in casting metal,
having in combination mechanism for taking hold of the opposite parts of the
mould, mechanism for raising and lowering the mould, mechanism for opening and
closing the mould, and mechanism for locking the parts of the mould when closed,
all constructed and arranged to be operated by a continuous movement in one
direction, substantially as set forth.
26. The combination of the parts of a jointed or divided mould, provided with
suitable handles, two pivotally mounted blocks provided with radial slots, and a
catch device for holding the mould handles in said slots, and mechanism connected
to said blocks, whereby the mould may be raised and lowered, and opened and
closed, substantially as set forth.
27. The combination of the parts of a jointed or divided mould, provided with
suitable handles, a pair of pivotally mounted blocks provided with radial slots, and
a catch device for holding the mould handles in said slots, a pair of pivotally
mounted hooked dogs, and mechanism suitably connected with said blocks and
dogs, whereby the mould may be raised and lowered, opened and closed, and locked
when closed, substantially as set forth.
28. The combination with a bath of molten metal for the casting of metals by
the submergence of a mould therein, and a lever mechanism for the raising and
lowering of the mould, a weight a suitably arranged to counterbalance wholly or
in part the weight of the mould before submergence, but to aid submergence as the
latter takes place, substantially as set forth.
.

page_text: 29. The combination of the handles of a jointed or divided mould, the lever A,
the arm b pivoted to the end of said lever and provided with horizontal slots, the
cylindrical pieces 65 having radial V shaped slots 66 and provided with lugs b*
having cam-shaped ends, said lugs b being pivoted in the horizontal slots in the
arm b, and the hooked bell crank levers be, substantially as set forth.
30. The combination of the lever A, the arm b pivoted to the end of said lever,
and provided with horizontal slots 63, and the hooked spring dogs 610, the cylindrical
pieces be having radial V shaped slots 66, and provided with lugs b' having cam-
shaped ends, said lugs being pivoted to the arm ò in the slots b, the hooked bell
crank levers 68, and a divided or jointed mould provided with suitable handles and
having the groove or notch e, substantially as set forth.
31. In combination with the halves or parts of a divided mould, and with a
lowering mechanism for immersing the same in a bath of molten metal, a toggle
joint mechanism suitably arranged to open and re-close the mould, without stopping
the lowering mechanism, substantially as set forth.
32. In combination with the halves or parts of a divided mould, and with a
lowering mechanism for immersing the saine in a bath of molten metal, a toggle
joint mechanism suitably arranged to open and re-close the mould, with out
stopping the lowering mechanism with mechanism for preventing the re-opening of
the inoulds as they are lifted from the bath, substantially as set forth.
H. J. HADDAN.
By Herbert & Co., Agents,
67, Strand,