Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT TO Jonn menry Jonson,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONE AND OTHER
HARD SUBSTANCES." -A communication from abroad by Hugh Juno
Browne; of Melbourne; in the Colony of Victoria, Merchant, and
Arthur Hope; of Prahram; in the same Colony, Engineer.
Bealed the 13th June 1871, and dated the 18th March 1871:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th March 1871.
I; JOHN HENRY JOHNSON; of 47; Lincoln's Inn Fields; in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman; do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING
STONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES;" a communication from abroad by Hugh
Juno Browne, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria; Merchant, and

page_text: follows:-
This Invention relates to certain arrangements of stone-breaking
machinery for preparing metal for roads, the said machinery not only
breaking the stones, but also, if desired, cubing or squaring the same,
the result being obtained by the aid of two sets of jaws, one serving to
break irregularly, and the other serving to break the stone into the form
of cubes.
According to one mode of carrying out this Invention two fixed jaws
are employed, disposed one above the other, which are secured in
position by wedges; and opposite these are two moving jaws. The stone
to be operated upon is fed in the usual well known manner into the
space between the upper pair of jaws, and having been reduced in size
by their action it falls into a space or receptacle, from which it descends
into the space between the lower pair of jaws, and is by their action
forced through orifices or dies formed in the lower fixed or cubing jaw,
and passes away in the cubic form through a shoot, the screenings and
dust being led away clear of the gauge metal by means of a second
shoot. A pall or palls prevents the stone escaping from the action of the
lower moveable jaw, whilst it allows the screenings to escape. The
upper moving jaw is worked by a cam movement or knuckle joint acted
upon by a guide block or its equivalent. A buffer spring draws the jaw
back after each forward motion. The guide block also, by its action
upon toggles, gives the forward motion to the lower jaw, the backward
motion being produced by the action of buffer springs. It will be
observed that in the upward movement of the guide block the action of
the upper part of the toggle causes a check after the forward motion of
the upper jaw, whilst the motion of the lower jaw is backward. The
guide block is worked by a connecting rod or link attached to a crank
shaft, upon which are fitted a fly wheel and fast and loose pullies. As ;
the dust has a tendency to accumulate behind and fill up the space in
which the palls in the lower moveable jaw work, cores are put in, which
afford relief and escape for such dust. If desired, power may be applied
to the upper portion of the machine only, which portion may be worked
separately from the cubing process. In cases where the form of the
broken stone is not a material consideration it will be found most
effectual and economical, requiring much less power than is usually
required to drive stone-breaking machines as previously used, and may.

page_text: also be worked by a lever of the first order. This application of power
may also, by placing the connecting rod in an upright position, be made
to work a double set of jaws in the same frame, one pair being placed at
each end of the frame. The size or gauge of the broken stone to be
produced by this machine may be regulated by means of bushes fitted
into the frame and having shifting plates fitted on the resisting side of
the lever; these plates being introduced diminish, and when withdrawn
increase the size of the metal, thus producing the same effect which is
now obtained by the use of toggles of different sizes:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the 'conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 16th September 1871:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47; Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman; send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors;
give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special
license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said John Henry Johnson;
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with;
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise;
änd vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
the Channel Islands; and Isle of Man; an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING STONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES;'
a communication to me from abroad by Hugh Juno Browne; of
Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria, Merchant; and Arthur Hope, of
Prahran; in the same Colony; Engineer, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and
in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same
;;

page_text: to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thercon (that is to
say):
The said Invention relates to certain improvements upon and additions
to the machinery or apparatus for which Letters Patent were granted to
me, on behalf of Eli W.
Blake, of New Haven, in the County of New
Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States of America, bearing
date the Fourteenth of June One thousand cight hundred and fifty-
eight, No. 1346, and has for its object the preparing of road metal, the
improved machinery not only breaking the stones, but also, if desired,
cubing or squaring the same, the result being obtained by the aid of
two sets or pairs of jaws, the one serving to give the primary break, and
the other serving to complete the operation by breaking the stone into a
cubical form.
According to one arrangement of the improved machinery two pairs
of jaws are employed disposed one above the other, one jaw being fixed
and the other moveable in each pair. The fixed jaws are secured in
position by wedges, and opposite to these are the corresponding moving
jaws. The stone to be operated upon is fed into the space between the
upper pair of jaws, and having been reduced in size by their action it
falls thence into the space between the lower pair of jaws, and is by
their action broken across at right angles, and forced through orifices or
dies formed in the lower fixed jaw, which the Inventors call the cubing
jaw, and passes away in the cubic form through a shoot, the screenings
and dust being led away clear of the cubed and gauged metal by means
of a second shoot. One or more palls prevent the stone escaping from
the action of the lower moveable jaw, whilst at the same time allowing
the screenings or smaller fragments to escape. The upper moving jaw
is worked by a cam movement, acted upon by a guide block or its
equivalent; a buffer spring draws the jaw back after each forward
motion. The guide block also by its action upon toggles gives the
forward motion to the lower sliding jaw, the backward motion being
produced by the action of buffers, springs, an air cylinder, or other

page_text: appliance. It will be observed that in the upward movement of the
guide block the action of the upper part of the higher back toggle
causes a check after the forward motion of the upper jaw, whilst the
motion of the lower jaw is backward. The guide block is worked by a
connecting rod or link attached to a crank shaft, upon which are fitted
fly wheels and fast and loose pulleys. As the dust has a tendency to
accumulate behind and fill up the space in which the palls in the lower
moveable jaw work, cores are put in, which afford relief and escape for
such dust. If desired power may be applied to the upper portion of
the machine only, which portion may be worked separately from the
cubing process.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a side elevation of one arrange-
ment of the improved stone-breaking and cubing machine; Figure 2 is
a longitudinal vertical section of the same, taken through the centre
thereof; Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the same machine, taken
along the line 1-2, in Figure 2; and Figures 4, 5, and 6 are separate
details of the fixed and moveable jaws of each pair..
A, A, is the main frame of the machine; B, the driving shaft, working
in bearings in the said framic, and provided with a pair of fly wheels C, C,
and the ordinary fast and loose driving pulleys D. A crank E on the
driving shaft gives motion to a connecting rod or link F, which is
coupled at its lower end by the pin G to the guide block H, the said
block thus receiving a vertical reciprocating motion from the crank.
On the left-hand side of the guide block (looking at the Drawing,
Figure 2,) and near its upper end there abuts the cam end of a toggle I,
the opposite end of which bears against the back of the moveable jaw of
the upper pair of jaws. This jaw K vibrates on the centre L, carried in
suitable bearings in the side of the frame, and is situate opposite to its
corresponding fixed jaw K', which is secured in its place between the
sides of the frame by means of wedge pieces M (Figure 2). The faces
of the jaws K, K', are grooved, as shewn in the detail horizontal
section at Figure 4, in order to facilitate the fracture of the stones.
On the right-hand side of the. guide block H,. and opposite to the

page_text: toggle I, there abuts one end of another toggle I', the opposite end of
which exerts its thrust against the fixed portion A¹ of the framing, as
is clearly shewn in Figure 2. Immediately beneath the upper. pair of
jaws K, K', there are fitted the, lower. pair of jaws N, N¹, of which N is
the sliding jaw, and N¹ the fixed or cubing jaws. The moveable jaw N
slides to and fro with its acting face always parallel, or nearly so, to
the face, of the fixed jaw N', it being actuated by the pair of parallel
toggles O, O, bearing against the guide, block H, and the back toggles
P and I bearing against the stationary part A¹ of the frame. The. fixed
or cubing jaw N¹ is secured by wedges Q, Q, (Figure 3) into. recesses in
the sides of the frame, and has orifices or dies a, a, made therein, as
shewn clearly in the detail, Figure 5, through which orifices or dies the
cubed road metal is thrust, as herein-after explained. On the face of
the moveable jaw N, and in positions corresponding to the openings
in the fixed jaw, are formed a series of projections or swells 4, b,
(Figure 6), which break and force the stone through the orifices, or
dies a, a, in the fixed jaw N'. A set of projecting ribs c, c, (Figure 3)
stand out from the face of the fixed jaw N¹, and work into corresponding
grooves in the moveable jaw N, so as to form a guide for the stone to
such jaw when working, as is clearly, shewn in Figure 3. In order
to prevent the stone from escaping the action of the jaw N by dropping
down beyond it, there is attached to the lower portion of the face of the
said jaw one or more palls or catches d; d, shewn at Figure 2, and in
front elevation in the details, Figure 6. These catches d each work
in a recess behind, as shewn in Figure 2, and in order. to prevent any.
accumulation of stone dust in such recesses apertures or cores are formed
therein to allow of its escaping freely. The return or. back stroke, of the
upper moveable jaw K is accomplished by means of the india-rubber-
spring. R, the back stroke of the lower moveable jaw N being effected by
means of the air cylinder R¹ (shewn in Figures 1 and 3, but omitted in
Figure 2), which is connected with the moveable jaw N by the rods x, x,
and the cross head W, for which may be substituted buffers or springs.
The action of this machine is as follows: The stone to be operated
upon is fed in between the two upper jaws, and having been reduced in
size by their combined action, it falls between the two lower jaws, and
by the action of the moveable, jaw. N is forced through the orifices or
dies a, a, in the fixed jaw N¹, and passes away in the cubed form through
the shoot T, the screenings and dust being separated from the gauged or

page_text: cubed metal by the screen at e, and conveyed away by the separate
shoot U. During the upward movement of the guide block H the
action of the upper part of the toggle I' causes a check after the
forward motion of the upper jaw K, whilst the motion of the lower
jaw N is backwards, the two pairs of jaws being made to open and close,
not simultaneously, but alternately.
In Figure 2 there is shewn the lower jaw worked on the down stroke
of the guide block H, and the upper jaw worked on the up stroke of the
same block.
This action may obviously be reversed if desired.
Figure 7 is a sectional detail of the back portion A¹ of the frame
shewing the application thereto of the adjusting wedges g, g, worked
by screws and nuts h, h, for regulating the positions of the bearing or
abutment pieces i, i, against which the rear ends of the toggles I' and P
exert their thrust. By this arrangement the machine may be regulated
so as to break the stones to any desired size, the jaws being thereby
caused to, work nearer to, or further from each other.
Figure 8 is a sectional view of a modified form of motion for working
the jaws. The lower jaw is worked by toggles 0, 0, whilst the upper
jaw is worked by inclines i, i, on the guide block H.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation shewing the mode of applying power
when the upper pair of jaws only are employed without the cubing
process. In cases where the form of the broken stone, mineral, or other
substance is not a material consideration this arrangement will be found
most effective and economical, requiring less power than is usually
required to drive. this class of machinery as heretofore arranged. It
may also, be worked by a lever of the first order. This mode of applying
the power may also be applied for working a double set of jaws in the
same frame, one pair being situate at each end of the frame. In
Figure 9, the moveable jaw K is worked direct by a toggle acted upon
by a vibrating lever H working on a fulcrum %, and actuated by a link
or connecting rod F from the crank E on the main driving shaft B.
The size or gauge of the broken stone or other substance to be
produced by this machine, may be regulated by means of bushes fitted
into the frame, and having packing or filling plates on the resisting
side of the lever. These plates being introduced diminish, and when
withdrawn increase the size of the metal, thus producing the same
cffect which is now obtained by the use of toggles of different sizes.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 illustrate in detail this arrangement. V repre-

page_text: sents one of a pair of sliding bushes which support the fulcrum k of the
lever H, and are carried in slots in the frame. On the resisting side
of these bushes there are fitted one or more, as the case may be) thin
plates 1, 1, which diminish the size of the stone by bringing the jaws
nearer together, although the throw of the moveable jaw remains
unaltered. The introduction or removal of these plates, in order to
regulate the action of the machine, is much more readily effected than
the changing of the toggles as is usually done.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I lay no claim
to the use of moveable and fixed jaws combined with toggle joints for
the purpose of breaking stones for road metal, neither do I confine or
restrict myself to the precise modes of carrying out this Invention as
herein set forth and illustrated by the Drawings, as it is obvious that
slight variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
essential features of the said Invention; but what I do olaim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part reoited Letters
Patent is,―
First. The combination in stone-breaking machinery of two pairs of
jaws, the one for the preliminary reduction of the stone, and the other
for breaking the same into cubes suitable for road metal, substantially
as herein-before described.
Second. The use in a stone-breaking machine of a fixed jaw having
orifices or discs therein in combination with a sliding jaw for the purpose
of gauging or cubing the stones, substantially as hercin-before described.
Third. The peculiar combination of guide block, toggles, and cam
action for working conjointly a breaking jaw and a cubing jaw, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourth. The combination of guide blocks and inclined surfaces with
toggle joints for the purpose of actuating breaking and cubing jaws in a
stone-breaking machine, substantially as herein-before described.
Fifth. The peculiar combination of a vertical oscillating lever worked
by a crank, cam, or excentric, with a toggle joint or joints receiving
their thrust directly from the boss of such lever, as and for the purpose
herein-before described and illustrated by Figure 9 of the Drawings
annexed.

page_text: Sixth. The use of removeable filling pieces or plates combined with
adjustable bushes carrying the fulcrum of the actuating lever for the
purpose of regulating the size of the broken stones produced in stone-
breaking machines, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated
by Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of
September One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)