An Improved Construction of Kiln for Firing Articles Made of or from China, Earthenware, and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 29th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Construction of Kiln for Firing Articles Made of or
from China, Earthenware, and the like.
We, HENRY EMERY, Potter's Manager and JAMES EMERY, Potter's Fireman,
both of Albert Terrace, Wolstanton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This our invention has reference to an improved construction of kilns for the
firing of articles made of or from china, earthenware and the like materiais, the
object of our said invention being to secure an even distribution of heat throughout
such kilus, and to economise fuel and labour.
In carrying our said invention into practice we make such muffle kilns of any
suitable shape and size with inner walls of fire-brick, or fire-brick quarries, and
outer walls of ordinary brick-work surmounted by a chimney or stack of ordinary
brickwork and suitable height and thickness or thicknesses, tapering towards its
summit similar in external configuration to the chimnies of enamelling, hardening
on, lustre and majolica kilns as usually erected.
The floor of the firing-chamber or box in which articles are placed to undergo
the process of firing we make square or rectangular in plan view, but preferably
rectangular, and in or against either of the side walls of such kilns we erect four
separate fire-holes or mouths, which fire-holes we line with fire-brick or other
suitable refractory material, the space beneath the floor of the firing-chamber we
divide into flues or passages by any suitable number of walls, or walls and pillars
of fire-brick or other suitable material of suitable thickness, such walls extending
from side to side of the bottom of such kilns, and from the oven bottom to the
underside of the floor of the firing chamber so as to support such firing-chamber
floor, and form flues or passages beneath same.
At that end of the firing-chamber opposite to the entrance thereto we form a
flue of any suitable width, preferably from three to four inches wide in kilns of
ordinary size by means of a fire-brick or other suitable wall extending from one
side of the kiln to the other side, and from the bottom of the kiln up to the crown
of the firing-chamber, that part of the wall beneath the floor of the firing-chamber
having any suitable number of holes or apertures formed through same to permit a
portion of the flame and gases generated to pass into such flue, by thus arranging
the various flues we are enabled to obtain a more even distribution of heat
throughout such kilns, the firing chamber and flues being encased by ordinary
brickwork of suitable thickness or thicknesses.
The upper surface of the horizontal or nearly horizontal bottom of each kiln
being level with or a suitable distance above the fire-grates, and lined or covered
with fire-bricks, fire-brick quarries or other suitable material of the necessary
thickness, the floor of each kiln we build or erect a suitable distance above the
kiln bottom of or from fire-brick quarries or other suitable material, the said floor,
the walls and the curved ceiling or top of the firing chamber we build of or with
fire-brick quarries, or other suitable material or materials, against the outer surface of
the side walls of such firing chambers we erect fire-brick or other division walls of any
suitable size, corresponding in number and in line with, or a continuation of the
walls, or walls and pillars which are beneath the floor of the firing chamber, and
extend from the bottom of the kiln, against the sides of the firing chamber to and
over the top or crown of same, so that after a fire-brick or other wall of suitable

page_text: thickness, or a covering of fire-brick or other suitable quarries has been built
against, such division walls, the spaces between such fire brick walls of the firing
ehamber, the outer walls, and the division walls will form flues for conducting the
flame and gases generated around the firing chamber of such kilns.
When fuel on the fire-grates of such kilns is lighted, the heat and smoke or
gases generated on such fire-grates pass upward through the vertical, or nearly
vertical flues in the front wall of such kilns which are directly above the inuer end
of the fire-grates, over the top or crown of the firing chamber, down the flues at
the back of such chamber into the continuation of such directly fired flues beneath
the floor, of the said firing-chamber, where it is disseminated and passes through the
apertures or openings in the division walls into the flue adjoining beneath the floor
of the firing chamber, from which latter flues the smoke or smoke and gases
generated pass upward through vertical or nearly vertical flues at the back of the
firing chamber, and through vertical or nearly vertical flues in the front wall of
the kiln between the directly fired flues above the inner ends of the fire-grates to
the top or crown of the firing chamber, from whence such smoke and gases pass.
upward through suitable apertures into the chimney or stack.
Te A1005
JOHN NEWTON,
Longport, Staffs, Agent for Applicants,
An Improved Construction of Kiln for Firing Artioles Made of or
from China, Earthenware, and the like.
We, HENRY EMERY, Potters' Manager and JAMES EMERY, Potters' Fireman
both of Albert Terrace, Wolstanton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This our invention refers to kilns used for firing articles made of or from china,
earthenware and the like material, the object of this invention being to obtain an
equable diffusion of heat through the several flues of such kilns, and to save fuel,
material, labour and time.
Such improved muffle kilns we make of any suitable shape and size with inner
walls of fire-brick or fire-brick quarries, and outer walls of ordinary brickwork,
surmounted by a chimney or stack of brickwork or other suitable material of
suitable height and thickness or thicknesses, and tapering towards its summit
similar in configuration to the chimnies of enamelling, hardeuing-on, lustre or
majolica-kilns as usually erected. We build or construct the floor of the firing-
chamber or firing-box of such improved kilns square or rectangular in plan view;
but preferably rectangular, the space beneath such fire-brick floor we divide into a
suitable number of flues or passages by a suitable number of brick-walls, or walls
and pillars of fire-brick or other suitable material and thickness, such walls, or
walls and pillars extending from side to side of the bottom of such kilns, and from
the oven bottom to the underside of the fire-brick floor of such firing-chamber.
At that end of the firing-chamber opposite to the entrance thereto a flue of any
suitable width may be formed, from three inches to four inches wide in kilns of
ordinary size by means of a fire-brick or other suitable wall extending from one
side of the kiln to the opposite side, and from the kilu bottom to the crown of the
firing-chamber, that part of such wall which is beneath the floor of the firing-
chamber having any suitable number of holes or apertures formed through same to
permit a portion of the flame and gases generated to pass into such flue. The upper
surface of the horizontal or nearly horizontal bottom of such kilns may be level

page_text: སྡུས་པ
reprostoration & Kun of orummary size with our pre-noles
or fire-mouths constructed according to our invention.
Figure 2 represents a transverse sectional elevation of the kiln shewn at Figure 1.
on the line y-y.
Figure 3 represents a sectional plan view of the kiln shewn at Figures 1 and 2
taken on the line x-x.
The firing-chamber or firing-box a having walls, and ceiling or crown 6 of fire-
brick or fire-brick-quarries is surrounded by a fire-brick or other wall C, between
such walls we erect a suitable number of fire-brick division walls d in line with the
fire-brick or other walls e beneath the floor a² of the firing-chamber, and extending
from the kiln bottom against each side wall b to and over the top or crown of such
chamber. The space between such walls b, c and division walls d forming flues g
for conducting the flames and gases generated on the fire-grates around the firing-
chamber a into the flues beneath the floor of the firing-chamber formed between
the walls e erected or built upon the fire-brick or other oven bottom b³.
When fuel on the fire-grates i of such kilns is lighted, the heat and smoke or
gases generated on such fire-grates pass upward through the flues g which are
directly above the inner end of the fire-brick lined, or other suitable fire-grates i
which may be erected in or against either side wall of such kilns, over the top or
crown b of the firing-chamber down through the flues g on the opposite side of
such firing-chamber into the continuation g³ of such flues beneath the floor a³ of the
firing-box of such kilns, where it disseminates through the apertures or openings e*
in the division walls e into the adjoining flues g beneath the said firing-chamber
floor, from which latter flues the smoke, or smoke and gases pass upward through
flues g in the front and back walls of the firing-chamber a between the directly
fired flues g into a chimney or stack, a portion of the heat and smoke generated on
the fire-grate adjacent to the fire-brick or other wall 62 passes through holes or
apertures 6 in such walls beneath the oven floor a³ into the flue g formed between
such wall and the wall and passes directly upward through openings or
apertures into the aforementioned chimney or stack.
We wish it to be understood that there should be a directly fired flue similar to
that indicated by the reference letter g, and an adjacent communicating flue similar
to that indicated by the reference letter g' to each fire-mouth, a flue (shewn in
dotted lines) similar to 96 may be formed at that end of each of such kilns which is
opposite to the entrance to the fire-box of such kilns.

page_text: The drawings hereto annexed are drawn to scale, of an inch equalling one
foot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is,
1. In the construction of kilus of ordinary size for use in firing articles made of
or from china, earthenware or the like material with four fire-mouths or firing-
holes suitably arranged in or against either of their side walls, a.directly fired flue,
and an adjacent or exit flue to each fire-mouth, such directly fired flues and
adjacent flues being built or arranged against each side of and over the top or
crown of such kilns, the adjacent or exit flues communicating with the directly
fired flues through openings or apertures formed in the several fire-brick or other
division walls beneath the floor of the firing-chamber of such kilns as herein
substantially described, set forth and illustrated on the drawings hereunto
annexed.
2. In the construction of kilns of any suitable size for use in firing pottery-ware,
the floor of the firing-chamber or firing-box of each kiln being rectangular or
square in plan view, having any suitable number of fire-mouths or firing-holes
arranged in or against either of their side walls, a directly fired flue and an adjacent
or exit flue to each fire-mouth, such directly fired flues and adjacent flues being built
or arranged against each side of and over the top or crown of such kilns, the
adjacent or exit flues communicating with the directly fired-flues through openings or
apertures formed in the several fire-brick or other division walls beneath the floor
of the firing-chamber of such kilos similarly arranged to the kiln shewn on the
drawings hereto annexed, and herein substantially described and set forth.
3. The construction of kilus of any suitable size for use in firing pottery-ware
having the floor of their firing-chamber rectangular or square in plan view, and
their several flues and fire-mouths similarly arranged to that of the kiln illustrated
on the drawings annexed and herein substantially described.
Doted this 10th day of I-1000
JOHN NEWTON,
Longport, Staffs, Agent for Applicants.