IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING AND DRYING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING AND DRYING APPARATUS." A communi-
cation from abroad by Charles Gibbons Till, of Brooklyn, New York, United
States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1881.
<<
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING AND DRYING
APPARATUS." [A communication from abroad by Charles Gibbons Till, of Brooklyn,
New York, United States of America.]
These improvements relate to evaporating and drying apparatus for congealing
or reducing liquids into a semi-liquid state or jelly. It is often very desirable in
order to obtain a certain result that the liquid should be subjected to different
degrees of heat at certain stages in its congelation, and these improvements are
designed to provide means for effecting this object.
To this end the said improvements comprise the combination with a pipe or
conduit, preferably of circuitous form, through which liquid may be made to pass,
of a series of jackets surrounding portions of the same, and means whereby degrees
of heat may be maintained in some or all of the said jackets from the others. The.
means for maintaining the heat in the jackets may consist of a main steam-pipe,
branch pipes extending therefrom to the several jackets, and cocks for controlling
the amount of steam which shall pass through the branch steam-pipes from the
main steam-pipe. The pipe or conduit for the liquid may consist of parallel straight
sections and connecting elbow sections, and the jackets may surround the straight
sections exposed, so that they may be detached to facilitate the cleaning of the pipe
or conduit. The elbow sections of the pipe or conduit for the liquid are made
readily detachable from the straight sections to facilitate the cleaning of the
straight sections while they remain in their proper places with the jackets upon

page_text: them. The jackets may at their ends be provided with stuffing boxes, through
which the straight sections may work when varying in length through variations
of temperature. As it is sometimes desirable that certain of the jackets should be
connected continuously around the elbow sections of the pipe or conduit for the
liquid, so as to effect the uniform heating of a portion of the said pipe or conduit
for the liquid, the said improvements further comprise the combination with the
pipe or conduit for the liquid, and the jackets surrounding the straight sections
thereof, of bends, preferably detachably connected to adjacent ends of said jackets,
and so constructed that when disconnected from said jackets they may be moved
far enough away from the jackets to afford access to the joints between the elbow
sections and the straight sections of the pipe or conduit for the liquid for the
purpose of detaching its elbow sections.
It is often desirable to introduce steam or air into the pipe or conduit for the
liquid, to aid in passing the liquid or contents through the same, hence the said
improvements further comprise the combination with said pipe or conduit of
pipes for supplying steam or air thereto for the aforesaid purpose. When air is
used it may be serviceable for drying or absorbing moisture from the contents.
In order to provide for cooling the contents of the pipe or conduit for the liquid
after congelation, there are combined with the said pipe or conduit pipes for
supplying water to the jackets surrounding said pipe or conduit.
Any suitable means may be employed to indicate the heat in the several jackets,
and any suitable steam trap may be used in connection with the jackets.
It
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a pipe or conduit through
which the liquid to be treated is passed by means of a pump or other means.
consists of straight parallel sections, elbow connecting pieces extending from one
to another of the same alternately. at reverse ends and nuts for securing the
elbow connecting pieces to the straight sections. These nuts operate in conjunction
with right and left hand screw threads on the straight sections and elbow
connecting pieces, so that any of the latter may be removed without disturbing
the straight sections. Hence provision is afforded for cleaning the straight
sections while they are in place. This pipe or conduit may be made of any
desirable length, and of metal or other suitable material.
I provide jackets which also may be made of metal or other suitable material,
and consist of cylinders surrounding the straight sections of the pipe or conduit,
and having closed ends. These jackets are furnished at their ends with stuffing-
boxes, through which the sections of the pipe or conduit may move in expanding
or contracting without entailing leakage.
A main steam pipe leads from a steam boiler or generator. Preferably it will be
arranged above the straight sections of the pipe or conduit, branch steam-pipes
extend from the main steam-pipe to the several jackets. Each of these branch
steam-pipes is provided with a cock, whereby the quantity of steam which passes
through the same into the jacket with which it connects may be regulated. Steam
gauges of any appropriate form are connected, one with each of the jackets, for
indicating the pressure of steam therein, so that the temperature in each may be
ascertained. These gauges are arranged where they may be readily seen by a
person in charge of the apparatus standing in front of the pipe or conduit.
Each jacket may be provided with a steam trap for letting off water formed
from condensed steam, but several of the jackets may be connected to a single
steam-trap. Preferably these traps are arranged near the back portion of the
apparatus, and the bottom or the whole of the jacket is inclined, so that the water
formed by condensation will drain from it into the traps.
It may be desirable that a considerable length of the pipe or conduit shall be
continuously subjected to a uniform heat, hence certain of the jackets are connected
by bends and nuts. These bends and the jackets have respectively left and right
hand screw threads, and the nuts are provided with both left and right-hand screw-
threads. Hence by turning the nuts the bends may be attached or detached.
These bends are so constructed that they may, when detached from the jackets, be

page_text: moved far enough away from them to afford access to the nuts connecting the elbow-
sections to the straight-sections of the pipe or conduit. When a number of jackets
are thus connected it is only necessary that one branch steam-pipe shall lead to
them, and one trap be connected with them. Connecting pipes may, in some cases,
be used in lieu of these bends. A pipe is provided with a cock and leads to the
pipe or conduit for conveying steam or air thereto, when desirable to use it for
aiding in passing material through the same. When the steam or air is injected
at an angle to the course of the liquid, it will spray the same, and thereby facilitate
its being rapidly heated. When air is used it will be serviceable for absorbing and
carrying off moisture from the contents of said pipe or conduit. A pipe is provided
whereby water may be circulated through the jacket for cooling their contents.
The jackets will have to be connected to admit of this, and the steam pipes and
pipes leading to the traps will have to be closed by cocks or otherwise.
By this Invention the liquid passing through the pipe or conduit may be
subjected to any desired degree of heat at any stage in its passage, and this is very
advantageous in evaporating certain liquids so as to produce desired results, as also
in drying certain articles.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th January 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING AND DRYING
APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Charles Gibbons Till, of Brooklyn,
New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates to improvements in evaporating and drying apparatus for
congealing or reducing liquids to a semi-liquid state or jelly. It is often very
desirable in order to obtain the desired result that the liquid should be subjected
to different degrees of heat at certain stages in its congelation, and these improve-
ments are designed to provide means for effecting this object.
To this end the said Invention comprises the combination with a pipe or conduit,
preferably of circuitous form, through which liquid may be made to pass, of a series
of jackets surrounding portions of the same, and means whereby different degrees
of heat may be maintained in some or all of the said jackets as compared with the
others. The means for maintaining the heat in the said jackets may consist of a
main steam-pipe, branch pipes extending therefrom to the several jackets, and
cocks for controlling the amount of steam which shall pass through the branch
steam-pipes from the main steam-pipe. The pipe or conduit for the liquid may
consist of parallel straight sections and connecting elbow sections, and the jackets
may surround the straight sections and leave the elbow sections exposed, so that
they may be detached to facilitate the cleaning of the pipe or conduit. The elbow
sections of the pipe or conduit for the liquid are made readily detachable from the
straight sections to facilitate the cleaning of the straight sections while they remain
in their proper places with the jackets upon them. The jackets may at their ends
be provided with stuffing boxes through which the straight sections may work
when they vary in length by reason of variations in temperature. As it is some-
times desirable that some of the jackets should be connected continuously around
the elbow sections of the pipe or conduit for the liquid so as to effect the uniform
-heating of a portion of the said pipe or conduit for the liquid, the said Inven-1
tion further comprises the combination with the pipe or conduit for the liquid, and
the jackets surrounding the straight sections thereof, of bends, preferably detachably
connected to adjacent ends of the said jackets, and so constructed that when
disconnected from the said jackets they may be moved far enough away from the
jackets to afford access to the joints between the elbow sections and the straight
sections of the pipe or conduit for the liquid, for the purpose of detaching its elbow
sections.
It is often desirable to introduce steam or air into the pipe or conduit for the
liquid to aid in passing the liquid or contents through the same, hence the said
Invention further comprises the combination with the said pipe or conduit of pipes
for supplying steam or air thereto for the aforesaid purpose. When air is used it
may be serviceable for drying or absorbing moisture from the contents.
In order to provide for cooling the contents of the pipe or conduit for the liquid
after congelation, there are combined with the said pipe or conduit pipes for
supplying water to the jackets surrounding the said pipe or conduit.
Any suitable means may be employed to indicate the heat in the several jackets,
and any suitable steam traps may be used in connection with the said jackets.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 represents a plan or top view partly in section of an apparatus
embodying my improvements.

page_text: Figure 2 represents in section a modification of that part of the apparatus at
which the liquid to be treated is introduced.
A, A1, A2, designate a pipe or conduit through which the liquid to be treated is
passed by means of a pump or other means. This conduit consists of the straight
parallel sections A, the elbow connecting pieces A' extending from one to another
of the said straight sections alternately at reverse ends, and the nuts A² for securing
the said elbow connecting pieces to the straight sections. These nuts operate in
conjunction with right and left hand screw-threads on the straight sections and
elbow connecting pieces, so that any of the latter may be removed without
disturbing the straight sections; hence provision is afforded for cleaning the
straight sections while they are in place. The said pipe or conduit may be made
of any desirable length, and of metal or other suitable material.
B, B, designato jackets, which also may be made of metal or other suitable
material, and consist of cylinders surrounding the straight sections A of the pipe or
conduit and having closed ends. These jackets are furnished at their ends with
stuffing boxes B' through which the sections A of the pipe or conduit may move
in expanding or contracting without entailing leakage.
C designates a main steam pipe communicating with a steam boiler or generator,
this pipe is preferably arranged above the straight sections of the pipe or conduit,.
but is shewn in the Drawing as arranged beyond the elbow connecting pieces for
the sake of clearness. C¹, C¹, designate branch steam-pipes extending from the.
said main steam pipe to the several jackets B. Each of these branch steam pipes
is provided with a cock C, whereby the quantity of steam which passes through
the same and into the jacket with which it communicates may be regulated.
D, D, designates steam gauges of any appropriate form connected one with each
of the jackets B for indicating the pressure of steam therein, so that the temperature
in each may be ascertained. These gauges are so arranged that they may be
readily seen by a person in charge of the apparatus standing in front of the pipe
or conduit.
Each jacket may be provided with a steam trap for letting off water formed
from condensed steam, but as shewn in the Drawing three of the jackets may be
connected to a single steam trap E. These traps are preferably arranged near the
rear portion of the apparatus, and the bottom or the whole of the jacket is inclined,
so that the water formed by condensation will drain from it into the traps.
It may be desirable that a considerable length of the pipe or conduit A, A1, A2,
shall be continuously subjected to a uniform heat, hence some of the jackets B may
be connected by bends B and nuts B³. These bends and the jackets have
respectively left and right handed screw threads, and the nuts B³ are provided
with both left and right handed screw-threads. Hence, by turning the said nuts
the bends may be attached or detached. These bends are so constructed that they
may, when detached from the jackets, be moved far enough away from them to
afford access to the nuts A2 connecting the elbow sections A to the straight
sections A of the pipe or conduit A, A1, A2 Where a number of jackets are thus
connected it is only necessary that one branch steam pipe C shall lead to them,
and one trap E be connected with them. Connecting pipes H may in some cases
be used in lieu of these bends B²:
F designates a pipe provided with a cock F and leading to the pipe or
conduit A, A', A2, for conveying steam or air thereto when desirable to use it for
aiding in passing the material through the same. When the steam or air is
injected at an angle to the course of the liquid, as shown at Figure 2, it will spray
the same and thereby facilitate its being rapidly heated. When air is used it will
be serviceable for absorbing and carrying off moisture from the contents of said
pipe or conduit.
G designates a pipe whereby water may be circulated through the jackets B for
cooling their contents. The jackets must be connected to admit of this circulation,
and the steam pipes and pipes leading to the traps E must be, closed by cocks or
otherwise

page_text: By this Invention the liquid passing through the pipe or conduit may be
subjected to any desired degree of heat at any stage in its passage; this is very
advantageous in evaporating certain liquids so as to produce desired results, as also
in drying certain articles.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. The combination with a pipe or conduit of circuitous or other form
through which liquid may be caused to pass, of a series of jackets surrounding
portions of the said conduit, and means whereby different degrees of heat may be
maintained in the said jackets, substantially as above set forth and for the purpose
specified.
Second. The combination with a pipe or conduit through which liquid may be
caused to pass, of jackets surrounding portions of the said conduit, a main steam
pipe, branch pipes leading from the latter to the jackets, and cocks for controlling
the quantity of steam passing through the said branch pipes, substantially as above
set forth and for the purpose specified.
Third. The combination with a pipe or conduit composed of straight sections
and elbow sections through which liquids may be caused to pass, of jackets
surrounding portions of the said conduit, the elbow sections of the latter being so
connected to the said straight.sections that they may be detached to facilitate the
cleaning of the said straight sections while in place with the jackets upon them,
substantially as above set forth.
Fourth. The combination with a pipe or conduit composed of straight sections
and elbow sections through which liquid may be caused to pass, of jackets
surrounding the said straight sections and bends between the said jackets, the said
bends being so constructed that when detached from the jackets they may be
moved away from them to afford access to the joints between the straight sections
and elbow sections of the said pipe or conduit, substantially as above set forth and
for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The combination with a pipe or conduit composed of straight sections and
elbow sections through which liquid may be caused to pass, of jackets surrounding
the straight sections and provided at their ends with stuffing boxes so as to permit
the independent movement of the straight sections within them without entailing
leakage, substantially as above set forth.
Sixth. The combination with a pipe or conduit through which liquid may be
caused to pass, of a pipe or pipes for conveying steam or air thereto, substantially
as set forth.
Seventh. The combination with a pipe or conduit through which liquid may be
caused to pass, and the surrounding jackets, of a pipe or pipes for conveying water
to the said jackets for cooling the contents of the said pipe or conduit, substantially
as above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.