IMPROVEMENTS IN PILED FABRICS AND IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING THE SAME PROAL
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Holt, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PILED FABRICS AND IN THE METHOD OF
WEAVING THE SAME
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Holt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1882.
JOHN HOLT of Bolton in the County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN PILED
FABRICS AND IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING THE SAME
"
This invention relates principally to the manufacture of piled fabrics with a
long pile say from 3 to 4 inches or more so as to form a rug or mat which when
scoured and finished or dyed has the appearance of a skin rug or mat.
The same fabric may also be made so as to form a sofa or bed cover, or may be
made in the piece and used for other purposes.
In weaving my improved rug or mat I use two warps wound upon separate
beams one for the ground and one for the pile.
The warps are each drawn into separate healds which may be of any number
required according to the description of the ground or pile.
The beams are each provided with the ordinary weighting motions.
The beam containing the pile warp has a letting off motion consisting of a wheel
placed in front of the loom and connected by a chain or intermediate wheels to the
beam so that when the wheel is turned forwards by hand a quantity of yarn is let
off which is taken up by a falling rod working in a diagonal slide in a bracket
fixed to the frame work of the loom.
In weaving my improved pile fabric I first weave a certain number of picks of
plain or other cloth interweaving both ground and pile warps with the weft and
then stop the loom raising the pile warp only.
I now by means of the motion above named let off a certain length of pile warp
(say about six or eight inches) the "slack" of such warp being taken up by the
falling rod before mentioned which hangs on the pile warp.
I now cause a shed to be lifted of the pile warp only, and insert beneath the pile
warp in front of the reed a metal rod, and bring it forward so as to take up the

page_text: yan let off the pile beam and draw it into loops, and I fix the rod on two studs or
pins one at each side of the loom, placed at the distance from the reed that is
required for the length of the loop.
I then weave a sufficient number of picks to fasten both warps together, and
then cut the loops which form the pile.
When the distance required between each row of pile has been woven I insert
the rod again and proceed as before.
This fabric when scoured and finished will present the appearance of a skin rug,
and may be either finished white or dyed to any desired color, or it may be woven
from colored yarn if preferred.
The length of the pile and the distance of the rows of pile from each other may
be varied according to the effect desired to be produced and instead of a plain or
rep ground a twilled or other fancy ground may be woven if preferred, in which
case more healds will be required for the ground warp as will be well understood
by any ordinary weaver.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Holt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th May
1883.
JOHN HOLT of Bolton in the County of Lancaster IMPROVEMENTS IN PILED
FABRICS AND IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING THE SAME
This invention relates principally to the manufacture in the power loom of piled
fabrics with a long pile say from three to four inches or more so as to form a rug
or mat which when scoured and finished or dyed has the appearance of a skin rug
or mat.
The same fabric may also be made so as to form a sofa or bed cover or may be
made in the piece and used for other purposes.
My improved method of weaving such fabrics will be readily understood on
reference to the annexed drawing and the following explanation thereof.
The drawing represents a section of so much of a power loom as is necessary for
the illustration of my invention. a, a is part of the frame of the loom and b, 6 c, o
are the two warp beams.
In weaving my improved rug or mat I use a power loom having two warps
wound upon separate beams one b, 6 for the ground and one c, c for the pile.
The warps are each drawn into separate healds d, d and e, e which may be of
any number required according to the description of the ground or pile.
The beams b,b and c, c are each provided with the ordinary weighting motions
which are not shown on the drawing.
The beam c, c containing the pile warp has a letting off motion consisting of a
wheelf, f placed in front of the loom and connected by a chain g, g or intermediate
wheels to the beam, so that when the wheel is turned forwards by hand a quantity
of yarn is let off which is taken up by a falling rod h, h working in a diagonal slide
or slot i, in a bracket k, k fixed to the frame work of the loom.
In weaving my improved pile fabric I first weave a certain number of picks of
plain or other cloth interweaving both ground and pile warps with the weft and
then stop the loom raising the pile warp only.
I now by means of the motion above named let off a certain length of pile warp
(say about six or eight inches) the "slack" of such warp being taken up by the
falling rod h, h before mentioned which hangs on the pile warp.
I now cause a shed to be lifted of the pile warp only, and insert beneath the pile
warp in front of the reed a metal rod 1, 1, and bring it forward so as to take up the
yarn let off the pile beam, and draw it into loops, and I fix the rod in front of two
studs or pins one at each side of the loom placed at the distance from the reed that
is required for the length of the loop.
I then weave a sufficient number of picks to fasten both warps together and
then cut the loops which form the pile.
When the distance required between each row of pile has been woven I insert
the rod again and proceed as before.
This fabric when scoured and finished will present the appearance of a skin rug,
and may be either finished white or dyed to any desired color or it may be woven
from colored yarn if preferred.
The length of pile and the distance of the rows of pile from each other may
be varied according to the effect desired to be produced and instead of a plain or
rep ground a twilled or other fancy ground may be woven if preferred, in which
case more healds will be required for the ground warp as will be well understood
by any ordinary weaver.

page_text: f
Having now described the nature and object of my said invention together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect I wish it to be understood that I claim as my invention
First the improved pile fabric woven as hereinbefore described, and
Secondly I claim the improved method of weaving the same in a power loom as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawing annexed.
In witness whereof I the said John Holt have hereunto set my hand and seal
this twenty second day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand oight
· hundred and eighty three