of Earthenware, including Bricks, Pipes, and Tiles. FURNACE FOR BURNING DROSS OR SLACK IN THE FIRING OF ALL KINDS OF EARTHENWARE, INCLUDING BKS P
Year: 1885

page_text: of Earthenware, including Bricks, Pipes, and Tiles.
I JOHN CLARK BELFIELD of Prestonpans, in the County of Haddington, Potter,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for FURNACE FOR BURNING DROSS
OR SLACK IN THE FIRING OF ALL KINDS OF EARTHENWARE, INCLUDING BRICKS,
PIPES, AND TILES, to be as follows:-
This Furnace is constructed for the burning of all descriptions of Earthenware,
Bricks, Pipes, Tiles, including Glazing, Enamelling &c, by means of Dross or Slack
of a low quality, instead of by good Coal as hitherto, The accompanying Plans,
illustrate, the construction, and nature of my said invention. This Furnace is
built with a very low Inside Arch (B.) Figs 6. 7. & 8. and the Furnace proper is
broader than the Furnaces, in common use. Over the Furnace is built an inverted
Hopper (M.) Fig. 7. the top of which, is shielded by an Iron Plate, the mouth of
this Hopper, is closed by a sliding Fireclay Cover (N) Fig. 7. behind the Hopper,
and controlled by a sliding door, is the opening of the passage (G) Fig. 7. & 8. for
the Secondary Air Supply. This passage runs back, over part of inside arch, then
seperated into two branches which pass round walls of inside arch, along the
bottom of the Furnace, where they reunite, and a passage is carried backwards,
and upwards, opening at (C) (Figs 6. & 7.) immediately behind the Furnace.
This Furnace is started as an ordinary furnace, and, when in full fire the
Hopper. 1 (M) Fig. 7. is filled with Dross. As the amount of air admitted at the
Furnace, is not sufficient to consume the gas produced, it is on leaving the Furnace,
supplied with a regulated amount of heated air from the opening of the secondary
air passage (C) Fig" 6. & 7. thorough combustion then takes place and the Gas
burns with a clear flame, this flame divides, part ascends the upward Flue and part
passes along bottom Flue, towards the centre opening or openings.
This Furnace is a most economic Furnace in the following three respects.
First. In kind of Fuel required.
Second. In quantity of fuel consumed;
Third. In thoroughly consuming gas produced.
First. Economy in kind of fuel
This furnace has been constructed for the use of Dross, or Slack, of a low quality
in the firing of all kinds of Earthenware &c. whereby a saving of fifty per cent.
on cost of fuel is effected.
Second. Economy in quantity of fuel.
The sliding cover (N) Fig. 7. on top of Hopper prevents the escape of gas,

page_text: ordinary opening on top of common Furnace is prevented. It likewise prevents
the rush of cold air into the Kiln which so reduces the heat in Kilns fired by
ordinary furnaces whenever the fire falls below the arch. Thus by using all gas
generated, and by excluding the cooling draught, a material saving in quantity of
fuel is effected.
Third. In thoroughly consuming gas produced.
By the arrangement of passages for Secondary Air Supply, the air admitted for
the proper combustion of the gas, is thoroughly heated, and under control as to
amount admitted. In this way the gas is burned to the greatest advantage, and
the flame always maintained pure.
When applied to down draught, or Kilns, without bottom flues, the air passage
(for secondary air) as shewn in Fig 2. & 3. is placed over inside arch (B) the air
thereby being heated before mixing with the gas as it ascends the upward flue.
DHL:inth dow of Ontaban 1905

page_text: of Earthenware, including Bricks, Pipes, and Tiles.
Í JOHN CLARK BELFIELD, of Prestonpans, in the County of Haddington, Potter,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention of a FURNACE FOR BURNING DROSS,
OR, SLACK, IN THE FIRING OF ALL KINDS OF EARTHENWARE, INCLUDING BRICKS,
PIPES, AND TILES, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My invention relates to Furnaces, which are applicable to all descriptions of
Kilns, Muffles, &c. The said Furnaces, are constructed, for the burning, or firing,
of all kinds of Earthenware, Bricks, Pipes, Tiles &c, including Glazing, Enamel-
ling etc, by means of Dross, or Slack, of a low quality, instead of by good Coal as
hitherto. The construction and nature of my said Invention, is illustrated by the
accompanying drawings, in which, Figure 1. is a ground plan, at floor level, as
applied to Kilns, without, Bottom Flues. Figure 2. is a vertical section on
line (A¹ A¹) Figure 1. Figure 3. is a vertical section on line B¹ B¹ Figure 1.
Figure 4. is a vertical cross section of Furnace, on line M. M. Figure 2, and P. P.
Figure 7. this section being common to both. Figure 5. is a front elevation of
Furnace. Figure 6, is a ground plan, at floor level as applied to Kilns, with Bottom
Flues; Figure 7. is a vertical section on line A' A Figure 6. Figure 8. is a
vertical section, on line B¹ B¹ Figure 6. dotted lines, shewing formation of Air
passages.
According to my invention the Furnace A. Figures 1. 2. 6. & 7. is wider than the
furnaces in common use, and the back part, is covered either by a Fireclay Block,
or, Arch, H. Figures 2. 4. & 7. and the inside arch B. Figures 2. 3. 7. & 8. is
built on the same level.
The front of the Furnace is built in the form of an inverted hopper F. Figure 2.
and M. Figure 7. the top of this hopper, or furnace, is shielded by an Iron Plate,
and the mouth of the hopper is closed by a sliding Fireclay Cover, E. Figures 2. 4.
& 5. and N Figure 7.
Behind the hopper, and controlled by a sliding door, is the opening to the air
passage, G Figures 2. & 7. for the secondary air supply. This large air passage,
when the Furnace is applied to Kilns with Bottom Flues, runs back as shewn
in Figure 7. over part of inside arch, then seperates into two branches, which pass
round walls, of inside arch, as shewn by the dotted lines in Figures 6. 7. & 8. along
bottom of furnace where they reunite, and a passage, is carried backwards and
upwards, opening at C. Figures 6. & 7.
When the Furnace is applied to down-draught, or Kilns without Bottom Flues,
the air passage G. Figures 2. & 3. for secondary air supply, is placed over the inside
arch of the Kiln, and taken directly through the wall of the Kiln.
When in operation, this Furnace is started as an ordinary furnace, and as the
fires are gradually made up, the front is closed, spaces being left for the primary
air supply, the fuel is fed through the mouth of the Hopper F. Figure 2. & N
Figure 7. (The cover E. Figures 2. 4. & 5. & N Figure 7 being pushed aside, and
replaced at each firing) When in full fire, the Hopper is completely filled with

page_text: fuel, and the furnace now acts as a gas producer. As the amount of Air admitted
through the furnace, is not sufficient for the proper combustion of the gas pro-
duced, a secondary supply of air, which in it's passage round the hot brickwork, is
heated to a high degree, is admitted to the Kilo, through the secondary air passage C,
Figures 6. & 7. and G. Figure 2. thorough combustion then takes place, and the
gas burns, with a clear flame.
In Kilns with Bottom Flues, the flame divides, part ascends the upward flue,
and part passes along flues E. E. Figures 6. 7. & 8. towards the centre opening or
openings.
The sliding cover E. Figures 2. 4. 5. & N Figure 7. on top of furnace, prevents
the escape of gas, generated, in Hopper, and likewise, prevents the rush of cold air
into the Kiln, whenever the fire falls below the arch.
Having now particularly described, and ascertained, the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is,-
First. In the firing of all descriptions of Earthenware etc, including, Glazing,
& Enamelling, the construction of the Furnace A. with the inverted Hopper, and
cover for same, as, and for, the purposes herein described, and represented, by the
accompanying drawings,
Second. The construction of furnaces, with passages or air flues, for secondary
air supply, as, and, for, the purposes herein described, and represented, by the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this
at Mainh 1000