IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT BY MEANS OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS, AND FOR GENERATING AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Apps, of 433, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Optician, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING
LIGHT BY MEANS OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS, AND FOR GENERATING AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Apps at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1881.
ALFRED APPS, of 433, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Optician. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT BY MEANS OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS,
AND FOR GENERATING AND MEASURING SUCH CURRENTS."
The object of the first part of this Invention is to secure increased facilities for
obtaining a correct measurement of the currents passing through an induction coil,
primary, or other magnetic or induction apparatus, by the attachment of a special
dynamometer constructed with guage, and indicating in customary measurements
of force the maximum power or variations of the currents or charges.
The dynamometer is of the spring balance type, and is constructed with two
flattened arms jointed at about one quarter part (of the whole length) distant from
one end. In the central part is fixed a tube containing a spiral spring, which may
be forced up by a regulating screw, and a little pin projecting from the end of the
spring indicates in ounces and pounds the tension required to press inwards the
longer ends of the two arms; these arms are slotted out and placed on the top of
the rheotome, which has been previously adjusted to the thickness of the guage;
then by screwing up the tension screw the force required to separate the studs of
the rheotome is indicated on the scale through which the little pin of the tension
spring passes. A screw at the shorter ends of the arms prevents them from opening
far enough to derange the spiral spring.
The rheotome described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me in 1867,
No. 177, is the most convenient form to use for this object, but others may be
employed in connection with the special dynamometer.

page_text: The second part of this Invention consists of the multitubular form and make
of magnet and of conductor contained within the inductor, securing better insulation
than heretofore, whether solid or fluid, both of the magnets proper and its sur-
rounding and internally contained currents or charges, which is also applied
vertically or at right angles to the first order of parts when the currents or charges
pass in annular planes alternately with dividing facilities and in multiple current
in secondary, tertiary, or further formations, whether the effect be continuous or
vibratory and intermittent. Prolongations of insulators at the extremities of the
inductor proportioned to the tension of the discharge in the terms of three quarters
of that total are employed in the case of high potential for increased insulation,
but not necessarily in the third part of this Invention.
The third part of this Invention relates to the separation or arrangement of the
currents or charges in the parts of the conductors in or about the induced field, and
the utilization of the discharges to produce heat or light in passing through rods,
filaments, tubes, or plates of carbon or carbonized material or other conductor
placed between two holders, the lower being stationary and the upper drawn down
by gravitation, and making by solid or fluid means a good metallic connection, the
moving holder being held so as to secure the requisite axes of the parts.
A glass plate sustains the rods and forms the base on which a glass container is
fixed by triple contacts, and a means providing for regulating the gaseous condition
of the interior.
When the lamp is first lighted the oxygin is consumed, but the three contacts
not binding the lamp too closely the vacuum is never perfect.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
56
the said Alfred Apps in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July 1881.
ALFRED APPS, of 433, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Optician. 'IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT BY MEANS OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS,
AND FOR GENERATING AND MEASURING SUCH CURRENTS."
First. The object of this Invention is to secure increased facilities for obtaining
a correct measurement of the currents passing through an induction coil, primary, or
other magnetic or induction apparatus, by the attachment of a special dynamometer
constructed with guage, and indicating in customary measurements of force the
maximum power or variations of the currents or charges.
Second. This part of the Invention consists of the multitubular form and make
of magnet and of conductor contained within the inductor, securing better
insulation than heretofore, whether solid or fluid, both of the magnets proper and
its surroundings, and internally contained currents or charges, which is also applied
vertically or at right angles to the first order of parts when the currents or charges
pass in annular planes alternately with dividing facilities, and in multiple current
in secondary, tertiary, or further formations, whether the effect be continuous or
vibratory and intermittant. Prolongations of insulators at the extremities of the
inductor proportioned to the tension of the discharge in the terms of three-quarters
of that total are employed in the case of high potential for increased insulation,
but not necessarily in the following third part of this Invention.
Third. The Invention relates to the separation or arrangement of the currents or
charges in the parts of the conductors in or about the induced field, and the
utilization of the discharges to produce light in passing through rods, filaments,
tubes, or plates of carbon or carbonized material or other conductor placed between
two holders, the lower one being stationary, and the upper drawn down by
gravitation, and making by solid or fluid means a good metallic connection, the
moving holder being held so as to secure the requisite axis of the parts.
In order that the Invention may be well understood and explained in detail I
have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings on which letters of reference are
marked on corresponding parts on all the Figures alike.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents in elevation the improved construction of dynamometer
arranged according to the first part of my Invention.
In this Figure a is the primary or other coil, electrical or magnetic, but if the
magnetic power be produced by other means, then the apparatus to measure and
regulate the action is equally applicable. b is an iron core opposite to which is the
solid iron cylinder c or other suitable magnetic body fixed to the plate spring d.
This spring plate is pulled or drawn away from the core by means of the tension
screw e turned by its insulated head e'. The platinum studs.f, g, are by this means
brought into contact in manner similar to that described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me A.D. 1867, No. 177.
In order to know the force with which the studs f, g, are pressed together the
dynamometer h is employed; it is of the spring balance kind, and is constructed
with two flattened arms i, j, jointed at about one quarter part of the whole length
distant from one end at k.
In the central part of the dynamometer h is fixed a tube 7 containing a spiral
spring which is forced up by a regulating screw l. A little pin projecting from

page_text: pounds the tension required to press inwards the longer ends of the two arms i, j.
These arms are slotted out and placed over the top of the rheotome, which has been
previously adjusted to the thickness of the guage m; then by screwing up the
tension screw the force required to separate the studs f, g, of the rheotome is
indicated on the scale (marked on the tube ) by the pin of the spiral spring before
mentioned; the screw O at the shorter ends of the arms i and j prevents them
from opening far enough to derange the said spiral spring.
Figure 2 represents a transverse section of the magnet and coil of the multi-
tubular form herein before referred to, and which forms the second part of my
Invention. The diameters of the combined circles may be of any convenient
dimensions, but the solid or fluid insulation of the several iron wires at p will be
the same in all, and when of larger size the space s or any similar space must
be filled in with copper or other good conducting wire properly insulated, as
already described herein, at the usual angle to give the maximum effect. The
current passing through s will produce a magnetic effect in the iron wire s¹ contained
within it, and the current circulating outside p will produce a similar effect. When
the currents pass in annular planes alternately, the vertical application consists of
the inductive effect of a current passing through the core c, as shown at Figure 3,
acting upon a similar coil in a vertical plane at right angles to the axis of p and S,
Figure 2, the currents passing through alternating series, and acting inductively
upon those contained between. The division of the effects consists of arranging
the connections to the wires so that two or more of C, Figure 3, are joined in
multiple arc or current in whatever formation these conductors may be in reference
to any primary or initial current or charge both for a continuous current and for
intermittent currents or charges. The prolongations of the insulators for either
of the sets of conductors will be understood on reference being made to Figure 4,
in which r, r', represents a tube of insulating substance. Then assuming that the
tension of the discharge be equal to the resistance of 12 inches of air in a straight
line, the distance 7, 8, and r1, 8', will be four inches each.
Third. The Invention consists of separating and utilizing the currents produced
by the series of conductors described in Figures 2 and 3, and the further formations
of induction wires and currents superimposed horizontally or vertically arranged
in the manner described, the limit of the induced field of the combined series
alone necessarily determining the number of the parts and currents or charges.
The apparatus by which I accomplish the production of light, to which I do not
limit myself, will be understood on reference to Figure 5, in which t is a closed
vessel; u and u¹ are two holders, the holder u being stationary, and the holder u¹
movable, being drawn down by gravitation, and making by preference a fluid
contact in the iron tube v. The rod w has a platinum stud screwed into the end
at w', by which good contact is made with the mercury contained in the said
tube w.
A light guide rod x moving in a suitable guide maintains the proper axes
of the parts during the descent of the holder u¹ in relation to u. The glass plate y
sustains the rods and fittings, and forms a convenient base. A ring holder y' with
lugs and suitable screws fixes down the vessel to the glass base plate. The other
details are of suitable size and character to facilitate the passage of currents
through any carbon or other conducting matter at z. The oxygen is consumed
quickly on passing a current through z, and after this the change in the condition
of is very small, but slight changes may arise from the joint between the base
plate and vessel not being quite perfect.
A card or glass reflector A is placed over the apparatus.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood in conclusion that
I do not wish to confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, as such
details may be varied without departing from the essential features of the Invention,
therefore what I claim as new and as of my Invention is,-
First. The arrangement of a spring dynamometer substantially of the form
described in connection with the rheotome for measuring the force required to

page_text: separate the platinum studs when strained by turning the insulated milled head c¹
Figure 1.
Second. The circular arrangement of the magnet wires, as indicated and described
at Figure 2 of the Drawings, together with the application of the conductors in
connection therewith.
Third. The arrangement, substantially as described, of the vertical conducting
wires as referred to herein, and as described in connection with Figure 3 of the
Drawings annexed.
Fourth. The prolongation of the insulators, as described herein and shown at
Figure 4 on the Drawings annexed, and
Fifth. The contact mechanism of the rod w in the iron tube v, and the apparatus
for maintaining the axial arrangement in the manner as herein substantially
described and shewn at Figure 5 of the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Apps, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this the Twenty first day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
ATTN
ALT
ת.
ALID. (L.S.)