IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING OR AREFYING APPARATUS FOR MEAT AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges of the firm of Brydges & C°
Engineers and Patent Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str: in the City of
Berlin and German Empire for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING
OR AREFYING APPARATUS FOR MEAT AND OTHER MATERIALS." Communicated
to him by David Grove, Sanitary Engineer, of the City of Berlin and German
Empire aforesaid
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1883.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & C° Engineers & Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str: in the City of Berlin and German Empire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING OR AREFYING APPARATUS FOR MEAT AND OTHER
MATERIALS a communication to me by David Grove, Sanitary Engineer, of the
City of Berlin and German Empire aforesaid
"
"
This invention relates to improvements in drying or arefying apparatus for meat
and other substances. or materials.
The object of this said invention is to dry or arefy meat and other substances in
a rapid, rational manner by employing heated air.
The meat or other material to be dried is turned or shifted in such manner that
a thoroughly equable drying or arefaction is attained and all adhesion to the
shelves or sieves prevented.
The furnace or air heating apparatus is located so low beneath the ground or
flooring that the drying or arefying chambers can be served with falicity. [sic]
The combustion chamber above the firebars is surrounded by walls of tire-proof
clay or other suitable refractory material which said walls are held by suitable
cast iron plates. These said walls of refractory material are provided with four
canals or flues for introducing air into the combustion chamber.
This said air passes through the canals or flues becomes heated through contact
with the hot walls of the said canals or flues and passes through suitable openings
in the upper canal or flue into the combustion chamber and thus serves to so
promote the combustion of the inflammable gases present in this said chamber
that perfect combustion ensues and all smoke is prevented. The sliding doors to
the furnace and ash pit are arranged to shut air tight and are further so arranged
that they can be readily slid in each direction in order to be able to regulate the
amount of air introduced into the furnace. The products of combustion stream
through cast iron pipes or tubes, which are provided with suitable ribs or pro-
jections in order to increase the heating surface, into the flue and so to the

page_text: Chimney. The end flanges of the aforenamed ribbed pipes or tubes are so supported
in suitable bearings filled with fine sand that the said tubes or pipes can readily
expand and still preserve a smoke tight joint.
The junction of the pipes or tubes in the heating compartment is made by
carefully planing the flanges and screwing them up tight against asbestos or other
suitable packing. Suitable cleaning doors or openings are arranged in the flue
and also at the ends of the aforenamed pipes or tubes.
The drying or arefying chambers are situate above the heating chamber. Cast
iron supports are connected to the upper cast iron frame and form in connection
therewith the framework in which the surrounding sheet metal walls and the
separate arefying or drying chambers are attached. The outer walls or casing are
provided with a suitable covering of nonconducting material in order to prevent
radiation.
The floor or bottom of the drying or arefying chambers are composed of zinc
galvanised corrugated sheet iron, sheet zinc or other suitable material.
The longitudinal walls are made of perforated sheet metal in order to permit
the heated air to enter and also to leave the said arefying or drying chambers
with facility after having. operated on the meat or other material to be dried or
subjected to arefaction.
The spaces between the outer longitudinal walls and the perforated sheet metal
walls serve to facilitate the circulation of the heated air.
The exterior cold air descends on the longer sides of the heating chamber
through suitable gratings becomes heated by coming in contact with the large
heating surface of the ribbed tubes or pipes and flows upwards over the somewhat
inclined ceiling of the heating chamber to the inlet intermediate space. The inlet
and outlet spaces are separated from the heating chamber by perforated sheet
metal walls.
Bracket like projecting sheets of metal are arranged in the inlet space in order
to distribute the heated air equably in all the drying or arefying chambers. The
heated air enters from the inlet space through the perforated sheet metal wall into
the drying or arefying chambers and passes through the opposite perforated
metallic wall into the outlet space and from thence to the flue or chimney. The
temperature of the heated air is not more than 60° Centigrade or 140° Fahrenheit
and is controlled by a suitable thermometer.
The meat or other material to be dried or subjected to arefaction is first hacked
or reduced and is then spread in suitable thickness on suitable wire sieves or
perforated slides.
These said wire sieves or slides are moved slowly forward from one end of the
apparatus to the other by means of suitable chains passing over chain wheels
secured to suitable shafts or axles so that a continuous operation is attained.
Projecting knives placed at a suitable angle to each other are attached to the roof
of each drying or arefying compartment in order to communicate a slight movement
to the meat or other material treated in order to attain the correct drying or
arefaction of the same and to prevent the material sticking to the wire of the
sieves or shelves. The axles or shafts to the chain wheels are connected to the
driving drum and each of the said shafts can be coupled or uncoupled as may be
requisite.
The size of the present apparatus is such that 2 cwts: of meat can be dried or
arefied per hour but it is evident that the apparatus can be made in any desired
size for larger or smaller factories or establishments.
This calculation is based on the supposition that fresh meat is reduced 75 per
cent (that is to say 100 lbs of fresh meat gives 25 lbs of meat after having passed
the drying or arefying chambers) and that the cold air contains about 0,0093 K°
moisture pro ☐ meter.
The said axles or shafts to the chain wheels can be driven by means of bevel
wheels or any other suitable device.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th July 1883.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & Co Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str: in the City of Berlin and German Empire-
." IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING OR AREFYING APPARATUS FOR MEAT AND OTHER
MATERIALS a communication to me by David Grove Sanitary Engineer of the
City of Berlin and German Empire.
"
This invention relates to improvements in drying or arefying apparatus for meat
and other substances or materials-The object of this said invention is to dry or
arefy meat and other substances in a rapid, rational manner by employing
heated air.
The meat or other material to be dried is turned or shifted in such manner that
a thoroughly equable drying or arefaction is attained and all adhesion to the
shelves or sieves prevented. The accompanying drawings show an apparatus for
drying or arefying meat, consisting of an air heating arrangement, the drying or
arefying chambers placed or fixed immediately above the said air heating arrange-
ment and the mechanical arrangements for operating the said apparatus. Figure 1
is a section of the apparatus on the line CD in Figure 2-Figure 2 is a longitudinal
section on the line A B in Figure 4-Fig: 3 is a cross section on the line G. H in
Fig 4. Fig 4 is a plan of the apparatus. Fig: 5 is a front elevation showing
the mechanical arrangement for moving the shelves or sieves in the arefying or
drying apparatus. Fig: 6 is a cross section of Fig: 4 on the line E. F. Fig: 7 is
a section of the sieves.
The furnace or air heating apparatus Z is located so low beneath the ground or
flooring that the drying or arefying chambers M can be served with facility. The
combustion chamber above the fire bars is surrounded by walls of fireproof clay or
other suitable refractory material which said walls are held by suitable cast iron
plates.
These said walls of refractory material are provided with four canals or flues 1,
2, 3, 4 for introducing air into the combustion chamber. This said air passes
through the canals or flues in the direction given by the arrows, becomes heated
through contact with the hot walls of the said canals or flues and passes through
suitable openings in the upper canal or flue 4 into the combustion chamber and
thus serves to so promote the combustion of the inflammable gases present in this
said chamber that perfect combustion ensues and all smoke is prevented. The
sliding doors to the furnace and ash pit are arranged to shut air tight and are
further so arranged that they can be readily slid in each direction in order to be
able to regulate the amount of air introduced into the furnace. The products of
combustion stream through cast iron pipes or tubes a a¹, b b, c c¹ which are
provided with suitable ribs or projections in the direction given by the arrows in
order to increase the heating surface, into the flue and so to the chimney. The
end flanges of the aforenamed ribbed pipes or tubes a a, b b, c c² are so supported
in suitable bearings h filled with fine sand that the said tubes or pipes can readily
expand and still preserve a smoke tight joint Fig: 2-4.
The junction of the pipes or tubes in the heating compartment is made by
carefully planing the flanges and screwing them up tight against asbestos or other
suitable packing. Suitable cleaning doors or openings are arranged in the flue and
also at the ends of the aforenamed pipes or tubes.
The drying or arefying chambers M are situate above the heating chamber.

page_text: Cast iron supports G are connected to the upper cast iron frame H and form in
connection therewith the framework in which the surrounding sheet metal walls
and the separate arefying or drying chambers M are attached. The outer walls or
casing K are provided with a suitable covering of nonconducting material in order
to prevent radiation. The floor or bottom L of the drying or arefying chambers M
are composed of zinc galvanised, corrugated sheet iron, sheet zinc or other suitable
material.
The longitudinal walls N are made of perforated sheet metal in order to prevent
the heated air to enter and also to leave the said arefying or drying chambers with
facility after having operated on the meat or other material to be dried or
subjected to arefaction.
The spaces A B between the outer longitudinal walls and the perforated sheet
metal walls N serve to facilitate the circulation of the heated air.
The exterior cold air descends on the longer sides of the heating chamber
through suitable gratings g, is heated by coming in contact with the large heating
surface of the ribbed tubes or pipes a a¹, b b, c c¹ and flows upwards over the
somewhat inclined ceiling of the heating chamber to the inlet intermediate space A.
The inlet and outlet spaces A. and B are as stated separated from the heating
chamber by perforated sheet metal walls N.
Bracket like projecting sheets of metal or other suitable material d d are
arranged in the inlet space in order to distribute the heated air equably in all the
drying or arefying chambers M. The heated air enters from the inlet space A
through the perforated sheet metal N into the drying or arefying chambers M and
passes through the opposite perforated metallic wall N into the outlet space B and
from thence to the flue or chimney. The temperature of the heated air is not more
than 60° Centigrade or 140° Fahrenheit and is controlled by a suitable thermometer.
The meat or other material to be dried or subjected to arefaction is first hacked or
reduced and is then spread in suitable thickness (generally about inch) on
suitable wire sieves or perforated slides P.
These said wire sieves or slides P are moved slowly forward from one end of the
apparatus to the other by means of suitable chains R passing over chain wheels S
secured to suitable shafts or axles T so that a continuous operation is attained.
Projecting rows of knives V placed at a suitable angle to each other are attached
to the roof of each drying or arefying compartment in order to communicate a
slight movement to the meat or other material treated and in order to attain the
correct drying or arefaction of the same and to prevent the material sticking to
the wire of the sieves or shelves. The axles or shafts T to the chain wheels S are
connected to the driving drum and each of the said shafts can be coupled or
uncoupled as may be requisite.
The size of the present apparatus is such that 2 cwt of meat can be dried or
arefied per hour but it is evident that the apparatus can be made in any desired
size for larger or smaller factories or establishments.
This calculation is based on the supposition that fresh meat is reduced 75 per
cent (that is to say 100 lbs of fresh meat gives 25 lbs of meat after having passed
the drying or arefying chambers) and that the cold air contains about 0,0093 K°
moisture per ☐ meter.
The said axles or shafts to the chain wheels can be driven by means of the bevel
wheels as shown or any other suitable device may be employed.
Having now described my said invention and the manner of carrying the same
into effect I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the special
form of the parts or the special arrangement of the same as these can be varied
without departing from the tenor of my said invention, what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is :-In a drying or arefying apparatus for meat and
other materials.
C
cr
1. The arrangement and employment of the ribbed tubes or pipes a a¹, bb',
the end flanges of which are so bedded in fine sand that the said pipes or tubes
can readily expand and still retain a smoke tight joint in order to attain a heating

page_text: or superheating of the air employed in the arefying process in such manner that
the meat or other substance in the arefying or drying chambers M is deprived of
its moisture substantially as set forth in the foregoing specification and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
2.-The combination of the ribbed tubes or pipes a a', bb' c c' the end flanges of
which are bedded in fine sand or other suitable material with the bottoms or
floors L to the drying or arefying chambers M and with the said arefying chambers
substantially as set forth in the foregoing specification and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
3.-The arrangement application and employment of the chains R and the chain
wheels S attached to the shafts or axles T which said chains are moved so slowly
by means of suitable motive power that the meat or other substance placed on the
sieves or shelves carried by the endless chains R is thoroughly dried or arefied by
passing once through one of the said arefying chambers for themselves alone or in
combination with the rows of knives V which are arranged in a slanting or
inclined position to each other at the upper part of the arefying chambers in order
to accomplish a slow turning of the meat or other substance and thus prevent the
same from adhering to the surface of the sieves or shelves substantially as set
forth in the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
4. The arrangement application and employment of the intermediate spaces,
chambers or passages A. B on each side of the drying or arefying apparatus which
said spaces are provided with perforated walls N and whereby one of the sa
spaces acts as inlet space and is provided with suitable shelves or projecting pa
so that the heated air is equably distributed in the various drying or arefyrg
chambers and after having operated on the meat or other substance, escapes into
the second space and from thence to the chimney substantially as set forth in the
foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
5. The arrangement application and employment of the drying or arefying
chambers M, the spaces or passages A and B for the introduction and escape of the
heated air for themselves and in combination with the canals provided with
suitable gratings for the admission of cold air and with the arrangement of the
canals 1, 2, 3, 4 of the heating apparatus substantially as set forth in the foregoing
specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
6. The general combination arrangement and construction of the parts of the said
drying or arefying apparatus substantially as set forth in the foregoing specification
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
'
In witness whereof I the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty third day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
Witnesses:
ARTHUR BACRMANN.
ANTHONY STEFFEN
EDWIN A BRYDGES (L.S.)