Improvements in Baths.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Baths.
A communication from GEORGE BOOTH, of 165, York Street, in the City of
Toronto, County of York, Province of Ontario, Canada, Coppersmith.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of
Middlesex, M.I.M.E., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained.in
and by the following statement :—
The object of the invention is to construct a cheaply made but practicable
indestructible bath tub, and it consists essentially of a bath tub composed of a
casing made of light sheet steel or such other light sheet metal as has a perfectly
smooth surface, the said casing being lined with copper, aluminium, or other light
flexible metal, hammered, rolled or pressed into close contact with the smooth
inner surface of the casing, the said bath tub being preferably made in three
sections, each section having an outwardly projecting flange formed on it to corre-
spond with the flange on the section against which it abuts.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the improved bath tub a portion of one of its
legs and top-being broken away to expose the formation of the flanges and joints
between the sections.
Figure 2 is a sectional end view through X Y.
Figure 3 is an enlarged view showing the formation of the joints between the
sections.
Figure is an enlarged view showing the manner in which the inner lining is
forced through the holes in the top flange of the outer casing.
In the drawing A represents the centre or body section of the bath tub, B the
head section, and C the foot section. The outer casing of each section is preferably
made of light sheet steel, as the surface of sheet steel is perfectly smooth, so that
the inner lining.a can be hammered, rolled or pressed into close contact with its
outer casing A.
This inner lining A is made of copper, aluminium, or other light flexible metal.
By using metal like sheet steel with an absolutely smooth surface, I am able to
use an extremely thin lining a which enables a highly finished bath to be produced
at a low price and which will be very light and portable. It may be mentioned
here that it will not be possible to obtain the advantages of this invention with an
outer casing, made of. cast metal, .as owing to the shape of the bath the inner
surface of the casting could not be made sufficiently, smooth to receive the lining.
Before fitting the linings into the bath, great care must be taken to see that the
inside surface of the casing is made perfectly clean, as the slightest piece of dirt
would destroy the perfect contact between the lining, a and the casing which is
necessary to enable the using of extremely thin material which is employed for the
lining.
It will be observed on reference to Figure 2 that the top edges of the bath tub
are-bent inwardly so.that the natural spring of the lining, a has a tendency to hold
the said lining closely against the outer casing b. Another advantage of this form
is that it will deflect. inwardly any water that may be splashed upon the sides so

page_text: that it will fall back in the top instead of falling outwardly onto the floor. A
flange D is formed around the top edge of the bath tub. The flange thus formed
ou the casing 6 has a series of holes d made in it. The lining a is likewise flanged
and is secured to the casing b by being forced through each of the holes d. Care
must be taken to use a pointed or otherwise shaped punch which will force the
material of the lining a through the holes d without carrying away any of the
material (see Figure 4). In this way the lining a is kept in position and held
closely to its casing 6 keeping the lining and casing together before the top is
joined, so that the lining will not separate from its casing while being handled or
in transportation.
In order to still further assist in holding the lining a in its position against its
casing ba capping f is provided which is secured in position by screws E passing
through the holes d. This capping also covers any rough edges which may be
formed by flanging the lining a thereby protecting the bather from being scratched
or otherwise inconvenienced.
The end flanges G formed on the section A correspond with the flanges formed
on the head and foot section and all the flanges are made in the same way as the
flanges D. The head section B is secured to one end of the section A by the
bolt H and the foot section C is secured to the opposite end of the section in a
similar manner, the flanges of these sections butting and bolted together forming
substantial joints between the sections. These joints may be made water tight by
any suitable means, but it is preferred to fit in each joint, after it is made, with
solder or similar material.
It may be mentioned that the bath tub made of a light steel metal casing, lined
with copper, aluminium or other light flexible metal, hammered, rolled or pressed
into close contact with its outer casing, makes a practicably indestructible bath tub
which will always remain smooth and hard, as the lining fits the casing so tightly
and closely that it cannot be bruised.
As the seams of the bath tub made in three sections would be very unsightly
and as it is not desirable to encase a metal bath tub with wood, feet I are provided
having legs J extending over and around the flanges and secured to the bath tub
immediately over and hiding said flanges. These legs not only hide the unsightly
seams, but also serve to strengthen the bath tub and enable it to be made of very
light material.
Sometimes a lining of asbestos or other nonconducting material is inserted
between the outer easing and the inner lining, in order to retain the heat of the
water in the bath. It is absolutely necessary to make this effective that the inner
lining shall be pressed into close contact with the nonconducting material, which
latter must be in close contact with the inner surface of the outer casing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of smooth sheet
metal casing having a lining of copper, aluminium, or other light flexible metal
hammered rolled or pressed into close contact with its outer casing substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
2. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of a smooth
sheet metal casing having a lining of copper aluminium or other light flexible metal
hammered rolled or pressed into close contact with its outer casing in combination
with the capping extending over and secured to the upper edges of the bath tub.
3. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of a smooth
sheet metal casing having a head central and foot sections each section having a
lining of copper, aluminium or other light flexible metal the central section having
an outwardly turned flange at each end and the head and foot sections corre-
sponding flanges to allow the sections being securely fastened together substantially
as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 4. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of a smooth
sheet metal casing having a head central and foot sections each section having a
lining of copper, aluminium or other light flexible metal the central section having
an outwardly turned flange at each end and the head and foot sections corre-
sponding flanges and having perforations in the flanges to allow of their being
securely fastened together substantially as and for the purpose specified.
5. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of a smooth
sheet metal casing curved in cross-sections so that its upper edges incline inwardly
a lining of copper aluminium, or other light flexible metal being hammered rolled
or pressed into close contact with its outer casing substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
6. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of three flanged
smooth sheet metal sections lined with copper aluminium or other light flexible
metal hammered rolled or pressed into close contact with the outer casing and
secured thereto by forcing the lining through holes made in the flanges, of the outer
casing substantially as and for the purpose specified.
7. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of three flanged
smooth sheet metal sections lined with copper aluminium or other light flexible
metal hammered rolled or pressed into close contact with its outer casing in com-
bination with a capping extending over and secured to the flanges formed on the
upper edges of the bath tub substantially as and for the purpose specified.
8. As an improved article of manufacture a bath tub composed of three flanged
smooth sheet metal sections lined with copper aluminium or other light flexible
metal hammered rolled or pressed into close contact with its outer casing and secured
thereto by forcing the lining through holes made in the flanges of the outer casing
in combination with a capping extending over and secured to the flanges formed
on the upper edges of a bath tub, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
9. In combination with a bath tub made in three sections joined by flanges of
féet having legs extending over and around the said flanges and secured to the
bath tub immediately over and hiding the said flanges substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
10. A bath tub composed of a sheet metal outer easing having a lining asbestos
or other non conducting material inserted between the outer casing and the inner
easing of copper aluminium or other light flexible material which latter is in
contact with the inner surface of the enter easing,