Improvements in Water Closet Apparatus, and in the Mode of Connecting Pipes.
Year: 1885

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Closet Apparatus, and in the Mode of
Connecting Pipes.
I, WILLIAM BRUCE, of 1, Sciennes Hill Place, Edinburgh, in the county of
Mid-Lothian, Clerk to the Works, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSET APPARATUS AND IN THE MODE OF CON-
NECTING PIPES, to be as follows, and as shewn on the accompanying sheet of
Drawings, and Copy sent herewith:-
The object of this invention is to obtain a larger surface of water in the basin,
and a greater depth of water than is contained in any previous "Washout" water-
closet apparatus.
The connection of the pipes, and earthenware apparatus is improved, by using a
faucet connection with packing between the earthenware bead and ring, which is
secured, and compressed together by means of screwed bolts passing through the
ears of two rings.
Fig. 1. on the accompanying sheet of drawings, and copy,-is a plan of water
closet apparatus; shewing the top rim, louver fans, horn for service pipe connection,
and front of discharge pipe.
Fig. 2. is an elevation of water closet apparatus, and front part of trap; having
side feathers and shelf for supporting the basin of apparatus.
Fig. 3. is a plan, and section on line C. C. Fig. 5. which shew the shelf for basin
on top of trap; The broken lines indicate a shelf to the right, or left hand, for
supporting the basin as may be required when the trap must be set at an angle to
meet the soil pipe connection. This figure also shew the tail of trap, and a branch
connection for ventilation pipe, to the right-hand side of trap; the said connection
will also be made on the left-hand side of trap, or on the centre, when the basin is
set at an angle.
Fig. 4. is a section on line A. A. Fig. 5. and shew the perforated flushing rim,
the discharge opening at front of basin, the surface and depth of water in the basin
and the shelf for supporting basin on top of trap, with section of trap, centre web
and bottom flange. The broken lines indicate the shelf and side feathers when the
trap is placed at an angle.
Fig. 5. is a section of the water-closet apparatus, and shew the flushing part of
rim by means of the broken lines,-The water inlet at back, the frame with louver

page_text: fans, the water in basin and trap, the soil and ventilation pipe connections of trap,
with the bottom sole and supporting feathers of trap.
+
The mode of connecting the pipes to the earthen ware is shewn on the soil pipe
of apparatus. The soil pipe may be of iron, brass, copper, or lead with a faucet as
shewn by c. having a flange for bearing of ring b. The space between earthen-
ware bead and top flange of faucet will be firmly packed with suitable material.
The ring a. being made in two halves, is placed together, and secured to ring b.
by means of screwed bolts, having heads and nuts, or thumb screws:-these bolts
pass through ears which will be formed on the rings; and instead of using ring b.
ears can be formed on the flange of faucet c.— -which is preferable :-and secured
to ring a. on the same principle as described for the connecting of both rings.
This mode of joint is applicable to all kinds, and size of pipes ;-and the security
consists in the shoulder of faucet resting firmly against the spigot bead, and by
means of the screwed bolts causing ring a. to compress the packing against the
spigot bead.
Fig. 6. is a full-size section of the water-way, frame and louver fans on line B. B.
Fig. 5.
The frame and louvers are so constructed that they can be removed from
the basin of apparatus :-the said frame and louvers are made of iron, brass,
copper, gunmetal, or earthenware, finished with a metallic surface, or enamelled,
which is preferable, with either material.

page_text: Improvements in Water Closet Apparatus, and in the Mode of
Connecting Pipes.
I, WILLIAM BRUCE, of 1, Sciennes Hill Place, Edinburgh, in the county of Mid-
Lothian, clerk to the works, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSET APPARATUS AND IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING
PIPES, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
For the purpose of cleaning and flushing of "Washout" Water Closet apparatus,
I form a large water-way at the back of basin, which conducts the flushing liquid
towards the bottom of basin; said liquid, or water is discharged into the basin,-
passing through louver-shaped-fans; said louvers are made, fitted and shaped to
give the water, or other liquid the necessary direction for cleaning and washing
out the whole basin, and forcing out all the water and any other substance out of
the basin, and over the discharge breast into the trap below.
By the arrangement of louver-shaped-fans guiding the discharge of water when
flushing the basin,-I obtain a great flushing power with a small quantity, thereby
driving out a deeper body of standing water, and any other substance out of the
bottom of basin.
The arrangement of large water-way with louver-shaped discharge openings, has
the advantage of retaining, and diminishing the velocity of the latter part of the
discharge into basin, of each flush, thereby, allowing the water to settle down in
the bottoin of basin, level with the discharge breast above trap.
When omitting the flushing rim of basin, I attach a common three-way-fan
with, or without, a jet discharge at the top of the louver-fans, or water-way at
back of basin, for the purpose of flushing and washing the sides of basin between
water line and rim. No claim is herein inade for said three-way-fan.
When forming the joint or connection of service pipe to the inlet, or supply
horn of basin, I insert the end, or bend on end of service pipe into the supply horn
on back of basin; said pipe or bend having a flange, or shoulder extending in
diameter untill said flange is nearly equal to the external diameter of the
horn on back of basin; and over said flange, or shoulder on end of pipe, or bend,
I place a socket of india-rubber, or other suitable material;-but preferably a soft
lead, or other soft metal faucet or socket, which is soldered to the bend or pipe, at
the flange herein before described; and said soft metal socket is compressed into
the groves formed on the outside of inlet horn-connection of basin, by means of
tongs, specially made for the purpose, which embraces the full circumfercence of
the aforesaid soft metal faucet, compressing it into the groves all round the pipe
formation, or horn at the back of said basin, and thereby, making a perfectly air,
and water-tight joint;-The aforesaid bend or pipe,-also the faucet, will be
bedded with soft material all round the pipe horn of basin.
When forming the joints at outlet end of water closet trap, I make a projecting
fillet all round the outlet end of stoneware, or fireclay trap, and over said projecting
fillet, I place a faucet,. or socket; and the space between the internal diameter of

page_text: faucet, and external diameter of trap connection, I pack with a composition, or
preparation consisting of rosin, linseed oil, hard or soft paraffin, "prepared or
unprepared," and cork sawdust, or cork broken up any other way; or, alternately,
said composition or preparation is composed of black pitch, linseed oil, hard and
soft petroleum, and cork sawdust, or cork broken up in any other way; or mixed
with any other suitable material, or liquid to preserve the cork from decay, and form-
ing a soft elastic and plastic packing between the aforesaid projecting fillet on outlet
end of trap and the packing ring-which is made in two halves, or pieces, and
inserted between the external diameter of trap, and the internal diameter of the
aforesaid metal faucet.
On the side of the aforesaid metal faucet, I form ears, or projections with holes
for bolts; and on the packing ring, made in two pieces, or halves, I form corre-
sponding ears with holes for bolts, and through said holes in the ears of faucet and
ring, I place screwed bolts, with heads and nuts, or thumb-screws: and when the
nuts, or thumb-screws are screwed on to the bolts, the packing ring is thereby
compressed, or forced against the packing between said ring and the projecting
fillet on end of trap, and by the same pressure, the shoulder of the aforesaid
faucet is drawn tightly up against the end of trap, or pipe connection of trap,
thereby making a perfectly air and watertight joint.
To the shoulder of the aforesaid faucet is soldered,-
,- or connected,-the waste,
or soil pipe leading from water closet trap. The joint is readily disconnected when
required, and the packing retains its soft elastic nature, liable to yield, and still
remaining perfectly air, or water-tight under heavy pressure.
As a modification of the aforesaid joint, with projecting fillet all round the
external diameter of trap, or pipe connection;-I form a short faucet, or socket
with a splayed, bevelled, or shaped projection all round the external diameter of
said faucet, or socket, and over, or around said projection on faucet, I place a
ring, formed of two pieces,-having two splayed, bevelled, or shaped webs, or
flanges corresponding to the splayed and shaped projecting part of faucet, or
socket-When forming this joint; I place the socket, or faucet over the pipe con-
nection of trap, having the aforesaid projecting fillet, and against the splayed,
or shaped end of faucet, I bed, or place a soft washer, or ring; and said washer, or
ring is bedded, or fitted against the side of the aforesaid projecting fillet on end of
trap, or pipe connection, then I place the two half-rings round and over the
splayed and shaped part of said faucet, and over the said soft ring, or washer; and
by means of screwed bolts passing through the ears formed on the half-rings,
I draw, or compress these half-rings towards each other and thereby compressing
the soft washer against the projecting fillet formed on the end of trap, or pipe
connection, and by the same screwing, or compression,-the shoulder of faucet, or
socket is drawn up tightly againt the end of trap, or pipe connection.
A piece of pipe can be made with each faucet, or socket, when said faucets, or
sockets are made of iron or other similar material. When the faucets, or sockets
are made of brass, lead, or other similar material for connection to soil, waste, or
ventilation pipes made of lead, brass, copper, or similar material,—the shoulder of
said faucets, or sockets are prepared for a soldered joint, or connection made with
suitable metal.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood in every detail, I have
annexed to this specification the accompanying sheet of drawings, and I now refer
to the Fig's. thereon.
Fig. 1, is a longitudinal section of water-closet basin and trap, shewing the inlet
horn connection of water-way at back of louver-fans.-A, is the water line in
basin; B, is the louver metal fans in a frame, having a side fan and jet at the top;
and said frame,-with fans,-is fixed and held in its proper position by means of
a wedge-fillet inserted on top of frame; C, is the water-way at back of louver-fans
and basin; D, is the bend on end of pipe, at supply pipe connection,-to back of
basin; E, is the soft lead, or other soft metal, or india-rubber socket, compressed

page_text: into the groves ou pipe connection, or horn of basin; F, is the ventilation pipe
off tail end of trap; G, is the outlet pipe connection at tail end of trap, and
shewing the joint or connection as herein before described.
Fig. 2, is an elevation of Fig. 1, on B—B.
Fig. 3, is a section of Fig. 1, on A-A, shewing the louver-fans in frame at back
of basin: the broken lines at side of trap indicates a web and shelf for supporting
the basin to either the right, or left-hand side; said side web and shelf is made on
traps which require to be set at an angle to suit the connection of soil; waste, or
ventilation pipes.
Fig. 4, is a longitudinal section of water-closet apparatus, having the louver-fans
fixed, formed and made of the same material as the water-closet basin. A¹, is the
water line in basin; B', is the louver-fans at back of basin; C', is the water-way
at the back of said louver-fans; D¹, is a three-way-fan fixed to the basin below the
run for washing and flushing the sides of basin and face of louver-fans; E¹, is the
ventilation pipe connection off trap, with the projecting fillet formed on the end of
pipe connection, as hereinbefore described. F, is the outlet end of trap with the
aforesaid fillet for joint connection.
Fig. 5, is a plan shewing the top of water-closet apparatus as shewn, and
described at Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
Fig. 6, is a section on C-C, Fig. 4,-shewing the louver-fans at back of basin
and the three-way-fan above louvers, also a section of the trap with supporting
web and sole.
Fig. 7, is a horizontal section on D-D, Fig. 4; A2, is the waterway at back of
basin; B, is the louver-fans and discharge openings at back of basin; C, C², is
the discharge circled breast of basin above the connection to trap;-which is also
applicable to Fig. 1, D-D. D', indicates the pipe connection to trap below the
discharge breast.
Fig. 8, is a longitudinal section shewing part of the outlet end of a trap with
ventilation connection. A', is the tail end of trap; B³, is the soil, or waste pipe
leading from the discharge end of trap; C³, is the fillet formed on outlet end of
trap, or pipe formation; D³, is the socket, or faucet; E³, is the packing compressed
between projecting fillet on end of trap and the packing ring; F³, is the ears on
end of faucet, with holes for bolts; G³, is the meeting and overlapping ears of
packing ring, with holes for bolts and nuts, all as hereinbefore described.
The aforesaid faucet D³, is made of any suitable material, seperate from the soil
pipe B, and connected thereto with solder, or other suitable material. When the
soil pipe B³, is made of iron, the aforesaid faucet will also be made of iron,-the
proper shape and form, with ears and holes for bolts, to form the joint as
hereinbefore described. H, shews the modified faucet, with external projection
all round the outer end, said projection being splayed, bevelled, shaped and made
so as to allow the ring 13, to draw up the shoulder of faucet against the end of
pipe formation on trap,-when actuated by means of the screwed bolts,-
compressing the narrow flange of ring against the splayed projection on end of
faucet, while the broader Hange of ring compresses a soft washer against the
projecting fillet, on end of pipe formation. The aforesaid faucet is made of gun-
metal, brass, lead or other suitable material, with or without a short piece of pipe ;
or said faucet is formed on the end of pipes made of iron or other suitable
material.
Fig. 9, is a cross section of pipe on E-E, Fig. 8,-shewing how the two-balf-
rings are connected and compressed on and around the top of faucet; A*, is a
section of the pipe formation; B, B, is the end of faucet at H³, Fig. 8. C', C*, is
the flanged ring made in two pieces and drawn together by means of the screwed
bolts passing through the ears, as shown.
-
Fig. 10, shews the packing ring in two halves, with overlapping ears at the
joints and plain ears at each side with holes for bolts.
Fig. 11, is a side elevation of the packing ring made in two halves and is shown
by this Fig. placed together.

page_text: The mode of connecting pipes,-hereinbefore described,-at ventilation, and soil
pipe connection is applicable to all joints of iron, or metal pipes, seperate from the
water-closet connections; where it is desirable to make a perfectly gas, and water-
tight joint capable to resist a heavy pressure; and which can be disconnected and
taken seperate without breaking, or damaging in any way the faucets, or spigot
ends of connected pipes,-all as shewn on the drawings herewith.
The water-closet apparatus, including basin, trap and louver-fans can be made
of fireclay; or any suitable metal, or composition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improved means of cleaning, flushing, and retaining a deep body of
water in the bottom of water-closet, after flushing the basin:-by discharging the
water into said basin, passing through louver-shaped-fans, or openings at the
flushing inlet or water-way: said fans to be placed in a portable frame, or formed
in the inaterial of said basin :-all as illustrated on the accompanying drawings,
and substantially as described herein before.
2. The connecting and jointing of metal, or composition pipes to the water-
closet pipe connections, all as shewn, and illustrated on the drawings, and sub-
stantially as described herein before.
3. The pipe connections, and packing as described; and shewn at soil, or waste
outlet of trap; to be applicable to the connecting, or jointing of metal, or
composition pipes seperate from the water-closet apparatus, and substantially as
described hereinbefore.