IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Zuill Kay, of the Firm of Thomas Edington
and Sons, of the Phoenix Iron Works, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH PIPE JOINTS."
Sealed the 13th May 1873, and dated the 16th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Zuill Kay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1872.
I, JOHN ZUILL KAY, of the Firm of Thomas Edington and Sons, of
the Phoenix Iron Works, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Improve-
MENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PIPE JOINTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to pipe joints, and has principally for its object
to meet in better modes than those hitherto in use certain requirements
and difficulties occurring in the laying of comparatively large cast-iron
pipes for the conveyance of water, sewage, or gas. The improvements
are at the same time more or less applicable with pipes of different sizes
and materials.
One improved joint comprised in the Invention is designed to admit of.
two pipe lengths connected by it, being inclined towards each other to a

page_text: limited extent in any direction. The spigot is formed with a slight
enlargement, which is turned of a spherical shape, and the faucet is bored
or turned internally to fit that part of the spigot which extends from the
widest part of the spherical enlargement to the end. A groove is formed
inside the faucet just beyond the fitting part last referred to, and when
making the joint lead is run into this groove, by preference through a
hole formed through the faucet, and shapes itself upon the after part of
the spherical enlargement of the spigot, so as to combine with the inner
part of the faucet to make a complete ball and socket joint with the
spigot. The outer edge of the lead ring is of smaller diameter than the
widest part of the spigot, and thus prevents the spigot from being with-
drawn.
In a second joint admitting of angular adjustment a spherical or sphe-
roidal surface is formed on the spigot, and a slightly conical surface
is formed inside the faucet. A narrow groove is formed in the widest
part of the spigot, and in this groove there is put a ring of a yielding
material, such as vulcanised rubber. The two pipe lengths are held
together by collars put on each length in halves, and connected by
long bolts, springs being interposed between the collars and the nuts or
bolt heads to allow of the angular adjustment.
A third joint is designed so that it can be caulked or made tight from
the inside, which arrangement will avoid the expence and delay of
making large excavations required round the pipes for making outside
joints, and is applicable with any pipes large enough to admit a workman
inside of them. The spigot is made without the common bead or slight
enlargement at its end, but an equivalent contraction is formed inside
the faucet at or near its end to retain the packing material when intro-
duced from the inside between the spigot and the faucet. This joint
may be modified by forming a bead or enlargement on the spigot at a
little distance from its end, and if the contraction in the faucet is made
a little distance in from the end the joint may be packed either from the
inside or from the outside, or from both. The bead on the spigot may
be made narrow and rounded, and the contact surface of the faucet
slightly conical to admit of the pipe lengths being slightly inclined to
each other. The internal parts of the joint may be filled up with
cement to form a surface flush with the internal surface of the pipe.
A fourth joint is designed like the third for being made from the
inside. The pipe ends are both slightly enlarged, and are formed with

page_text: flanges entering inwards. These flanges are notched to receive bolts by
which they are fixed together, the heads and nuts being inside in the
spaces formed by the enlarged ends within the flanges. Rubber or other
yielding material or cement may be applied between the flanges, and the
internal spaces may be filled up with cement flush with the internal
surface of the rest of the pipes. Man-holes may be provided in some of
the pipe lengths to give easy access to the internal joints.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Zuill Kay in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ZUILL KAY, of the Firm of Thomas Edington and Sons, of the Phoenix
Iron Works, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send.
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Zuill Kay, Her special licence
that I, the said John Zuill Kay, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Zuill Kay, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED
with Pipe Joints," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Zuill Kay, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in.
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said John Zuill Kay, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panping Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to pipe joints, and has principally for its
object to meet in better modes than those hitherto in use certain require-
ments and difficulties occurring in the laying of comparatively large cast-
iron pipes for the conveyance of water, sewage, or gas. My improve-
ments are at the same time more or less applicable with pipes of different
sizes or materials.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing
various modifications of my improved pipe joints. In these Drawings
the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
Each Figure is a longitudinal section as through the axial line of the
pipes, and in Figures 4 to 7, which represent pipes of larger diameter
than those shown in the other Figures, the sides are shown at less than
their proper proportionate distances apart, in order to save space whilst
delineating them on a large and distinct scale.
One of my improved joints, shown in Figure 1, is designed to admit of
two pipe lengths 1, 2, connected by it, being inclined towards each other
to a limited extent in any direction, as indicated by the dotted lines.
The spigot is formed with a slight enlargement 3 which is turned of a
spherical shape, and the faucet 4 is bored or turned internally to fit that
part of the spigot 3 which extends from the widest part of the spherical
enlargement to the end. A groove 5 is formed inside the faucet 4 just
beyond the fitting part last referred to, and when making the joint lead
is run into this groove 5, by preference through a hole 6 formed through
the faucet, and shapes itself upon the after part of the spherical enlarge-
ment 3 of the spigot, so as to combine with the inner part of the faucet
to make a complete ball and socket joint with the spigot. The outer
edge of the lead ring in the groove 5 is off smaller diameter than the
widest part of the spigot 3, and thus prevents the spigot from being
withdrawn. When running the lead into the groove 5 a temporary
packing of clay and rope yarn is applied beyond the groove between the
spigot and faucet to retain the lead until it sets.

page_text: When a greater amount of flexibility is required than the arrangement
shown in Figure 1 admits of, I employ the modification shown in
Figure 2. Both the adjacent pipe lengths 1, 2, are formed with
spherically shaped spigot ends 3, and are connected by a short jacket 7
5 which is formed with two spherical recesses to fit the spherical spigots 3,
and which is put on in halves that are bolted together when on.
Wrought iron rings 8 are shrunk on to further secure the two halves of
the jacket 7, and the joints may be made tight by introducing rubber,
lead, or other suitable material either into a groove 5 formed in the
jacket, or into a groove 9 formed in the spherical spigot 3.
In another joint admitting of angular adjustment, and shown in
Figure 3, a spherical or spheroidal surface is formed on the spigot 3, and
a slightly conical surface is formed inside the faucet 4. A narrow groove 9
is formed in the widest part of the spigot, and in this groove there is put
a ring of a yielding material, such as vulcanised rubber. The two pipe
lengths 1, 2, are held together by collars 10 put on each length in two
halves, and connected by long bolts 11, springs 12 of rubber or steel
being interposed between the collars 10 and the nuts 13, or bolt heads 14,
to allow of the angular adjustment.
My improved joint, shown in Figure 4, is designed so that it can be
caulked or made tight from the inside, which arrangement will avoid the
expence and delay of making large excavations required round the pipes
for making outside joints, and is applicable with any pipes large enough
to admit a workman inside of them. The spigot 3 is made without the
common bead or slight enlargement at its end, but an equivalent con-
traction 15 is formed inside the faucet 4 at or near its end to retain the
packing material when introduced from the inside between the spigot
and faucet. This joint may be modified, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, by
forming an enlargement 16 or bead 17 on the spigot 3 at a little dis-
tance from its end; and if the contraction 15 in the faucet 4 is made a
little distance in from its end the joint may be packed either from the
inside, or from the outside, or from both. The bead 17 on the spigot 3
may be made narrow and rounded, and the contact surface 15 of the
faucet slightly conical to admit of the pipe lengths being slightly inclined
to each other. The internal parts of the joint may be filled up with
cement, as shown, to form a surface flush with the internal surface of
the pipe.

page_text: My improved joint shown in Figure 7 is also designed for being made
from the inside. The pipe ends 18 are both slightly enlarged, and are
formed with flanges 19 entering inwards. These flanges 19 are notched
to receive screw bolts 20, by which they are fixed together, the heads
and nuts 21 being inside in the spaces 22 formed by the enlarged ends 18
within the flanges 19. Rubber or other yielding material or cement may
22 may be
be applied between the flanges 19, and the internal spaces
filled up with cement flush with the internal surface of the rest of the
pipes. Man-holes may be provided in some of the pipe lengths to give
easy access to the internal joints.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to
the precise details herein described or delineated, but that what I believe
to be novel and original and claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The forming of the outer retaining part of the socket of a flexible
pipe point by running lead into a groove formed for the purpose in the
faucet, substantially as herein-before described.
2. The forming of a double joint or double jointed flexible connection
for pipes by means of a jacket applied in halves over spherically ended
spigots on the adjacent pipe lengths, as herein-before described with
reference to Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
3. The forming of spigot and faucet joints so as to be packed internally
as herein-before described with reference to Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the
accompanying Drawings.
4. The connecting of pipes by means of an internal flanged joint, sub-
stantially such as is herein-before described with reference to Figure 7 of
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Zuill Kay, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.