Tools for Forming the same.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1888
Specification Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888
Tools for Forming the same.
I, ANDREW NEVVA RANKIN, of the town of Jamaica, State of New York, United
States of America, lawyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements on the cold-packed pipe-joints and methods
of producing the same patented to me in Great Britian, No. 10,700, dated
August 21st, 1886; also, for tools for forming my improved cold-packed pipe-
joints. In the patent aforesaid, I have described, and claimed, a pipe-joint wherein
a band of lead is cast around the spigot end of an iron pipe, whereby a perfect con-
nection between said pipe and band is provided. The present invention has for its
object an improvement on the said packing-ring; an improvement upon the device
for upsetting the said packing-band, and, also, an improvement whereby provision is
made for longitudinal expansion of a line of so-joined pipes-producing what may be
called a slip-joint.
The accompanying three sheets of drawings will form a part of this specification.
On sheet one of the drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal view of my
improved band of lead and the fimproved pipe-joint thereby produced. Fig. 2 is a
perspective view (partly in section) of the improved lead band packing.
Reference being had to said sheet one of the accompanying drawings and to the
letters marked thereon, A, A', indicate adjacent sections of pipe partly broken away.
The section A is provided with a bell, B, or a sleeve, at one end, and a spigot (not
shown) at its opposite end; and the section A' is provided with a spigot end, &, and a
bell, or sleeve, (not shown) at its opposite end.
D indicates a packing-ring, or band, made of lead, or other soft metal, and is
provided with an annular inwardly-projecting flange, a, at one end, which is equal, or
nearly equal in width to the thickness of the metal of the pipe, so that when the ring,
or band, is applied to the spigot end of the pipe it will cover, or nearly cover, said end
and form a tight joint, or fit, upon it (but not to interfere with the bore of said pipe)
and between the periphery of the spigot and the inner wall of the bell of an adjacent.
[Q71

page_text: pipe, or a sleeve. At the opposite end of the packing-ring, or band, is formed a
rebate b, in its inner wall, which affords an annular projection e, designed to be upset
to form a tight joint, or fit, at that end of the ring, or band, by impact against the
inner wall of the bell, or sleeve.
The packing-ring, or band, is shrunk upon the spigot end of the pipe-as set forth
in my other patent. The means, or tools, employed for moulding the ring, or
band, and upsetting it will presently be fully set forth, and thereupon claims will be
made herein and as part of this my application for Letters Patent.
Referring still to sheet one of said drawings, E designates the upsetting device
which will herein presently be described, but a suitably-constructed calking-iron
may safely be used-as the upsetting operation occurs within the bell, or sleeve,
and remote from its mouth, or rim, which prevents crystallization of the lead
packing.
Between the annular inwardly-projecting flange a, of the packing-ring, or band, D,
and the base of the bell, or sleeve, there is a space or chamber d, to allow for the
longitudinal expansion and contraction of the line of pipe, so connected, when the
same is subjected to extreme variations of temperature. The fluid contained in
the pipes continually fills said space, and by its pressure upon the lead-covered end of
the spigot tends to keep it firmly in its seat.
In some climates, the spigot end of the pipe with its packing-ring D, covering the
end, may be inserted in the bell, or sleeve, and form a solid joint therein, without
allowing said chamber to be formed at the end of the annular inwardly projecting
flange a of the packing-ring, or band.
The packing-ring, or band, D, is of considerably less width than the depth of the
bell, or sleeve, and thereby permits deflections or variations in the allignment of the
pipes without affecting the joints.
In the said patent issued to me by Great Britian, No. 10,700, dated August 21st,
1886, aforesaid, I have claimed to employ a tool, in connecting the spigot end of the
pipe to its companion section, by which the lead band is upset against the inner walls
of the bell of the companion section, whereby a close fit between said lead band and
socket is provided.
In the present instance, I desire protection for certain tools, or devices, by which I
am enabled to expeditiously and satisfactorily-1st: Cast a lead band, as already herein
described, upon the spigot end of the pipe; 2nd: Effectually and speedily upset the
rebate b, already described, of said lead band so as to form a close contact between
said lead band packing and the walls of the companion section's bell, or of a sleeve;
and, 3d: To cast said lead band upon the spigot end, with its annular inwardly-
projecting flange a, in such a manner as to provide a space between the said inwardly-
projecting flange a of the lead band and the base of a bell, or sleeve, so that a slip-joint
is provided which allows longitudinal expansion and contraction of a line of pipe so
joined, with extreme variations of temperature.
The objects of my present invention have been already herein above set forth
sufficiently in the foregoing statements; and the invention which I desire to have
protected by Letters Patent consists of the features defined in the claims at the end of
this specification.
Referring to sheet two of the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
specification, Figure 1ª is a cross section of the mould, whereby the lead band is cast
upon the spigot end of the pipe-the pipe in said view being shown at A.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a section of pipe within the mould in
position latter, also, being in longitudinal section, in which it has cast the lead band
on the pipe end.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal view of a section of pipe provided with a soft-
metal band a. Fig. 3º, and all following, are found on sheet three of accompanying
drawings.
Figure 4ª is an end view of the improved device for upsetting the rebate b, already
described, of the soft-metal band a, against the inner walls of a bell or of a sleeve,
to form therewith a perfect connection, or fit.

page_text: Figure 5 is a side elevation of the improved upsetting device shown in figure 4.
Figure 6' is a fragmentary section of fig. 4d, showing the manner of connecting
the several parts of said upsetting device together.
Figure 7s is a longitudinal view of two sections of pipe provided with a joint made
as herein described, and having the upsetting device in position.
Figure 8 is an end view of my improved device for producing the space between
the end of annular inwardly-projecting flange a of the lead packing-ring, or
hand, and the base of the bell, or a sleeve; the pipe A in said view being in cross
section.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of parts of two sections of pipe, showing
the device in position, whereby the space is provided between the end of the annular
inwardly-projecting flange a of the lead packing-ring, or band, and the base of a bell,
or of a sleeve.
Figure 10 is a side elevation of the device last mentioned; and
Figure 11 is a side view of a ring, or other suitable device, which is used for
compressing the limbs of said space-forming implement when it is to be withdrawn
from the pipes.
C
Referring to sheet two of the accompanying drawings, letter A indicates the iron
pipe sections, and B the mould for casting the soft-metal band a' upon the spigot end
of the pipe section. The mould B may be made of any suitable material, and as
shown it is formed in two sections, hinged together and is secured in position around
the end of the pipe by means of a suitable thumb-screw b. Letter Urepresents a
hinged ring made of brass, or any other suitable material, which is adapted to be
placed around the pipe end, and to be partly enclosed by the rear portion of the
mould B. The interior surface of this hinged ring C is provided with a suitable
lining, or packing, preferably of asbestos, marked c the object of which is to prevent
the melted soft metal from escaping from the interior of the mould B between said
hinged ring and the surface of the pipe. The ring C is also made in sections and
hinged in order to be easily placed upon the pipe end, and removed therefrom.
Upon the outer front surface of said hinged ring C, or upon the inner surface of the
mould B, at its rear side where it overlaps said hinged ring C, there is also provided
a lining, or packing, marked d preferably of asbestos, the purpose of which is to
prevent the melted soft metal from escaping between said mould B and said hinged
ring C, as as shown in figure 2b. The front of the mould B projects within the line
formed by the inner circumference of the pipe A at its end, when said mould B is
placed in position upon the pipe end. This portion of the mould B is marked e on
sheet two of the accompanying drawings. It will be observed, by reference to
figure 2b, that the part e of the mould B is not in contact with the end of the pipe
section. A portion of the space thus left is occupied, when the mould B is in
position for casting the lead band a², by a disk forming part of a spring-plug D.
This disk is marked fin the drawings, and its function is to overlap the end of the
pipe A, as stated, in order that when the soft-metal in a melted condition is being
cast, around the pipe, it cannot escape. As said disk only partly overlaps the end
of the pipe section, the melted soft metal flows around the pipe end, and occupies a
space not taken up by said disk; by this means the soft metal band a¹ is caused to
partly envelop the end of the pipe, as shown at g of fig. 2. At the back of the
mould the ring C extends sufficiently beyond the offset upon the interior surface at
the rear of the mould B to prevent the soft metal band a' coming in contact with the
surface of the pipe at that point. This is the principal function of the hinged ring (;
and by this means I am enabled to so cast the soft metal band a¹ upon the pipe,
and, that, for a small distance at its rear it will have no contact, whatever, with
the surface of the pipe. The purpose of this peculiarity of the band a¹ will be
presently explained.
The spring plug D is placed in the end of the pipe preliminary to affixing the
mould in position, and in addition to the disk fit comprises a series of springs h,
with or without supporting inside plugging. After the soft metal band a
.

page_text: has been cast and the mould B removed from the pipe end the spring plug D
is also easily removed, as will be obvious from an inspection of fig. 2b of the drawing.
In figure 3 the pipe A is shown provided with the soft metal band a¹ cast upon it
by means of the moulding devices just described. It will be noticed, that, said 'soft
metal band a partly overlaps the end of said pipe section, and for a short distance at
its rear it is not in contact with the pipe surface.
In figure 7 I show the companion sections of pipe which illustrate the appearance
of my joint when it has been perfected by means of the tools, which will now be
described. In this view the soft metal band a¹ is in position upon the pipe end, and
the device by which the upsetting operation has been performed has not been
removed. This view also shows the space between the base of the bell, or of a sleeve,
and the end of the lead-covered pipe spigot-which provides for longitudinal expansion
and contraction of a line of pipe, making a slip-joint. This space I have marked k,
and the manner in which it is provided will be presently explained. By referring to
this view, fig. 78, it will be noticed that the soft metal band a' has been compressed,
or compacted, by the action of the upsetting device, or by a suitably constructed
calking-iron, so that its rear end is snugly in contact with the wall of the bell, or
sleeve, and no longer shows the rebate; whereas previously it was not in contact with
either the surface of the spigot or with the wall of the bell, or sleeve--as shown in
fig 3°. It will also be noticed that the outer end of the spigot of the pipe
by the soft metal band a¹; this result having been attained in the aforesaid mould,
and by properly upsetting.
covered
The tool, or device, by which I perform the upsetting operation is shown in
figures 4, 5, and 6'. (Although I do also use a suitably-constructed calking-iron.)
This tool, or device, is formed in sections, so that it may be readily placed upon the
pipe and removed therefrom. It comprises the main portion and the front-
extension m, which latter portion is provided upon its edge with serrations n,
in order that it may more effectually and speedily perform the function required.
The sections of this upsetting device are connected together by the following means,
viz Upon one section of the rear part there is formed, integral therewith, lugs or
ears of the form shown in fig. 5, having the hammering surfaces curved and
terminating in flat surfaces as shown at p. Upon the companion section there are
formed lugs which are slotted, as shown in fig. 6'. The rear ends of the lugs are
rounding, as shown in fig. 5°. These part sections are held together by screw-bolts r,
smaller in cross section than the slots in the lug q, the parts are tightened by
means of the screw bolts r, the effect being to slightly throw apart the sections of
serrated side-extension m, and thereby enlarge the circumference of the serrated
calking tool. This will be found necessary, in the calking process, in order that the
rear end of the soft metal band a¹ may be uniformly acted upon-especially that part
which does not adhere to the spigot.
The tool, or device, whereby the space between the base of the bell, or sleeve, and
the front end of the packing band a¹ is provided for the purpose of permitting
longitudinal expansion and contraction, a slip-joint, is shown in figures 8, 91, 10, and
11. Thereby the ring, s, is composed of a number of segmental parts which are
caused to envelop one another, as shown in dotted lines in fig. 8. Each segmental
section is provided with a lug, v, to which one of the bars, t, is secured. Instead of
the bar being formed independent of the segmental section and secured thereto, said
section may be made integral with the bar. The rear ends of the bars, t, are connected
to the spring-plates u, so that the tendency of the bars is to spring outward at their
front ends, which carry the segmental ring, while the joint is being formed and
enables compression for their removal. The ring s, in position, within the pipe end,
bears upon the extreme surface or end of the soft metal band, a¹, and also against the
base of the bell, or of a sleeve, as shown in fig. 9. The ring, or other suitable
device, shown in fig. 11', marked X, is employed to facilitate the removal of the
device now being described from the pipe after the formation of the joint between
the pipe sections. In the use of the device just described, as before stated, it is

page_text: placed in the spigot end of the pipe which is clothed with a soft metal band, a², and
it will then occupy the position with reference to the spigot, and bell, or sleeve, of
the companion section of pipe, when the spigot is entered into the bell, or sleeve,
shown in fig. 9. In this position of the tool, the upsetting, or calking, is performed,
preferably, by the implements shown in figures 4, 5, 6, (but I may instead use a
suitably-constructed calking-iron) and after the manipulation has been accomplished
the space-forming device is removed by moving the ring X, or any other suitable
device, toward the front of said space-forming device, being toward the segmental
ring, s, the effect of which is to compress the spring-joined bars, t, and contract the
segmental ring, s, so that it may be readily caused to assume a diameter less than the
bore of the pipe, and thereby permit its ready withdrawal from the perfected joint.
The joint as thus formed, as will be obvious from an inspection of fig. 9₁ is
provided with a space between the base of the bell, or of a sleeve, and the end of
the soft-metal band a¹, I thus afford a very effective slip-joint, since it is obvious
that, thereby, there is room for the pipe sections to longitudinally expand or contract.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be perfornied, I declare that what I
claim is :
First A metallic packing-band having an annular inwardly-projecting flange
on one end, and a rebate in its inner wall on the opposite end-substantially as
described.
Second A metallic packing-band having an annular inwardly-projecting flange
on one end, and a rebate in its inner wall on the opposite end, in combination with
the spigot end of a pipe upon which said band is shrunk, and its extreme end covered,
and the bell of an adjacent pipe, or of a sleeve-substantially as described.
Third A metallic packing-band having an annular inwardly-projecting flange on
one end and a rebate in its inner walls on the opposite end, in combination with the
spigot end of a pipe upon which said band is shrunk, and its extreme end covered,
a bell of an adjacent pipe, or a sleeve, and a fluid-chamber between the base of
the bell, or of a sleeve, and the inner end of the packing-band-substantially as
described.
Fourth A mould for casting a soft-metal band upon the spigot end of a pipe
section, comprising the sectional portion B, the hinged-ring C, and suitable packing
placed between said ring and mould, and said ring and pipe section-substantially
as described.
Fifth The mould B, and ring C, the said mould having an inwardly-projecting
front, which when the mould is placed in position upon the pipe end extends below
the line of the bore of the pipe, combined with the disk, f, secured within the bore of
the pipe between the front of the mould and the end of the pipe, all the parts being
adjusted so that the soft-metal band, a', may be formed to overlap the front end of
the pipe section, and, also, be separated a short distance at the rear from the pipe
surface, enabling the calking to act thereon against the inside of the bell, or of a
sleeve, without disturbing the adhesion by shrinking of the balance of the soft-metal
band to the spigot-substantially as described.
Sixth The mould B provided with packing at its rear combined with the
hinged-ring C, likewise provided with packing, the hinged-ring arranged to extend
sufficiently within said mould, whereby the soft-metal band, a¹, at its rear end will not
come in contact with the pipe surface-substantially as described.
Seventh-The mould B having an inwardly-projecting front portion combined with
the hinged-ring C, and spring-plug D, the latter comprising a disk, f, of less diameter
than the external diameter of the pipe end, and springs, h, whereby a line of
soft-metal packing is provided from the point of calking to the base of the bell, or of
a sleeve-substantially as described.
Eighth The sectional serrated upsetting device, herein described, comprising a
rear portion,l, and a front portion, m, the former provided with lugs, o, and its

page_text: companion section with lugs, , being slotted, and having an inclined under surface,
and adapted to receive screw-bolts-substantially as described.
Ninth The sectional device, comprising the rear portion, 7, and front-exton-
sion, m, the latter provided upon its edge, n, with serrations-substantially as
described.
Tenth The serrated sectional upsetting device, provided with lugs, o, whose
rear ends are curved and terminate in a vertical plane, and with slotted lugs, q, whose
terminations are rounding, and whose lower surfaces are inclined from the front to
the rear, combined with screw-bolts having a smaller cross-section than the slots q-
substantially as described.
Eleventh A tool, or device, for forming a space between the base of the
bell of one section of pipe, or of a sleeve, and the soft-metal-clothed spigot end of
its companion section, comprising a segmental expanding and collapsible ring,
a series of bars, t, and spring-plates connecting the rear ends of said bars-
substantially as described.
Twelfth The segmental expanding and collapsible ring, the sections whereof
are provided with lugs, a series of bars secured to said segmental sections at their
front end, and having their rear ends attached to spring-plates--substantially as
described.
Thirteenth-The tool, or device, whereby a space may be formed between the base
of a bell of one section of pipe, or of a sleeve, and a soft-metal-clothed end of
the spigot of its companion section, comprising a collapsible and expanding
segmental ring, bars connected to said segments, or integral therewith, spring-plates
at the rear ends of said bars, and the ring X, or its equivalent-substantially as
described.
Dated January Thirteenth AD eighteen hundred and sights aight