Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1899
Complete Specification Laft 711 1
1000
mavure of this invention to be as follows;
When anhydrous sulphurous acid, along with dried oxygen or air, is passed
over chlorides roasted above their melting point, under proper conditions,
5 sulphates are produced, and chlorine is liberated.
The action which takes place, in the case of sodium chloride, for instance,
is represented by the equation.
2 Na Cl + SO2 + 20 = Na₂ SO₁ + 2 Cl.
In order to approach this result most nearly, it is necessary to have a con
0 tinuous excess of oxygen, or air, and by carrying out the operation at a low
speed, and offering the largest possible surface to the acid gases, to give the
fullest opportunities for the production of sulphates and chlorine in point of
both time and space.
In order to convert the chloride, for instance sodium chloride, into the
corresponding sulphate, and chlorine, I cause sulphurous acid, warmed by the
heat generated in its production, or by artificial means, together with oxygen,
or air, to act directly on the red hot chloride, whereby the corresponding sulphate,
and chlorine, are obtained if the operation proceeds slowly.
Since chlorides easily melt at a red heat, unfavourably influencing the course
of the action, I add to the chloride a small percentage of moist clay in order
to check the fusion, and then dry the paste, after moulding it in suitable forms,
a porous mixture being thus obtained, eminently suitable for the action in
view. Substances of similar nature can be used instead of clay.
In order to purify the liberated chlorine from the oxychlorides of sulphur
produced, it may be passed before use through concentrated sulphuric acid, or
even through water.
The sulphates obtained can be used either directly, or be brought into suitable
form by dissolution and crystallisation, or in any other convenient manner.
Mixtures of different chlorides can also be used in the process.
Ready prepared sulphuric anhydride with oxygen, or air, can be used in the
process instead of a mixture of sulphurous acid and oxygen, or air.
If it is desirable to limit the excess of oxygen, or air as much as possible in
order to obtain a gas richer in chlorine, it is advantageous to add to the chlorides
substances acting as contact materials, for example metallic oxides, such as
copper oxide, ferric oxide, crushed quartz, or the like, or sulphates such as blue
vitriol, green, vitriol, or the like, as well as the clay, for retarding fusion.
Dated this 22nd day- of July 1899.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Sulphates and of Chlorine.
I, ADOLF CLEMM, Ph. D. of 38, Kaiserring, Mannheim, in the German Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
When anhydrous sulphurous acid, along with dried oxygen, or air, is passed
over a chloride or over chlorides heated to above its or their melting point,
under proper conditions sulphates are produced and chlorine is liberated.
The action which takes place, in the case of sodium chloride, for instance, is
represented by the equation
2 Na Cl + SO₂ + 20
=
Na₂ SO₁ + 2 CI.
In order to approach this result most nearly it is necessary to have a con-
tinuous excess of the dried oxygen, or air, and by carrying out the operation
at a low speed, and presenting the largest possible surface to the acid gases, to
give the fullest opportunities for the production of sulphates and chlorine in
point of both time and space.
In order to convert the chloride (for instance sodium chloride) into the
corresponding sulphate, and chlorine, I cause dry or anhydrous sulphurous acid,
warmed by the heat generated in its production or by artificial means, together
with dried oxygen, or air to act directly on the red hot chloride, whereby if
the operation proceed slowly the corresponding sulphate, and chlorine are
obtained.
Since chlorides easily melt at a red heat, unfavourably influencing the course
of the action. I add to the chloride a small percentage of moist clay in order
to check the fusion, and then I dry the paste, after moulding it into suitable
forms, a porous material being thus obtained, eminently suitable for the action
in view. Substances of similar nature can be used instead of clay.
In order to purify the liberated chlorine from the oxychlorides of sulphur
produced, it may be passed before use through concentrated sulphuric acid, or
even through water.
The sulphates obtained can be used either directly, or be brought into suitable
form by dissolution and crystallisation, or in any other convenient manner.
Mixtures of different chlorides can also be used in the process.
Ready prepared sulphuric anhydride with dried oxygen, or air, can be used
in the process instead of a mixture of sulphurous acid and dried oxygen, or air.
If it be desirable to limit the excess of oxygen or air, as much as possible in
order to obtain a gas richer in chlorine it is advantageous to add to the chloride
or chlorides, a substance or substances, acting as contact material, for example
metallic oxides, such as copper oxide ferric oxide, or the like, or sulphates, such
as blue vitriol, green vitriol, or the like, as well as the clay or similar substance
for retarding fusion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
1. The manufacture of sulphates and chlorine by passing anhydrous sulphurous
acid with dried oxygen or air, or ready prepared sulphuric anhydride with dried
oxygen, or air, over a chloride or chlorides heated to redness the fusion of these
at this temperature being checked in the manner herein before described by the
addition of clay or similar substance.

page_text: The manufacture of sulphates and chlorine by passing anhydrous sulphurous
acid with dried oxygen or air, or ready-prepared sulphuric anhydride with dried
oxygen or air, over a chloride or chlorides heated to redness, the fusion of these
at this temperature being checked by the addition of clay or similar substance
and with the addition of infusible contact materials as hereinbefore explained.
Dated this 7th day of March 1900.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX.
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.