IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OF SEWAGE AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE THEREFROM, ALSO IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF NOXIOUS VAPOURS FROM CHEMICAL AND OTHER WORKS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Baggeley, of Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF SEWAGE AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE THEREFROM, ALSO
IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTLY APPLICABLE
TO THE TREATMENT OF NOXIOUS VAPOURS FROM CHEMICAL AND OTHER
WORKS"
Sealed the 2nd April 1878, and dated the 7th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. Henry Baggeley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1878.
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
THEREFROM, ALSO IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF NOXIOUS VAPOURS FROM CHEMICAL AND OTHER
WORKS."
This Invention relates to a continuous process for the treatinent of sewage and
the manufacture of manure therefrom, whereby the pollution of rivers is avoided,
all nuisance arising from the sewage is prevented, and the conversion of the sewage
into a valuable manure is effected in an expeditious and economical manner.
In carrying out my said Invention, I employ at the discharge mouth of the sewer
an elevating wheel provided with wirework or perforated buckets on the rim, and
rotated by steam power. As fast as the sewage is discharged from the sewer it is
elevated by the said wheel, and the fluid matter allowed to flow off through the
perforated buckets, whilst the solid portion is discharged into a spout which conveys
it into a closed drying chamber. This chamber I prefer to construct of fire slabs,
and along the bottom thereof work a series of scrapers, carried by one or more
endless travelling belts or chains passing over and actuated by pullies driven by the
prime mover.
Underneath this drying chamber there are provided one or more flues for drying

page_text: the sewage, the heat employed being the waste heat from the furnace of the boiler
which drives the engine.
The vapours arising from the sewage in the process of drying pass off into a pipe
or conduit forming a condenser composed of porous material of any suitable
description, but I prefer to use for that purpose the peculiar porous material herein-
after described.
The said condenser is kept cool by being immersed wholly or partially in the
waste water drained from the sewage.
The vapours on their way through the condenser are completely condensed and
form liquid ammonia, which flows out at the opposite end of the condensing pipe
into any convenient receiver.
The solid matter inside the drying chamber is thoroughly dried by the time it has
been drawn from one end to the other by the scrapers, and is continuously dis-
charged in a dry state through an opening in the bottom of the said chamber to be
packed into bags for the market as a valuable manure.
The porous material which I prefer to use in the construction of my condenser
consists of the following ingredients, in or about the proportions herein given,
namely,―—
Ground waste marble
Ground flint
Ground "Cork-stone"
Whiting
Fire clay
Ground Cornwall stone
1
part by weight
6
parts
"
دو
"
"
"
رو
"2
"
"
"
"
2
ور
رو
"
These materials are to be well mixed together, and sufficient water is to be
added thereto to reduce the mass to a plastic condition, from which the condensing
pipes are moulded or shaped in any well-known manner.
By my continuous process of treating sewage I dispense entirely with depositing
tanks heretofore employed, thus obviating the collection of large quantities of sewage,
and I convert it into a valuable dry manure as fast as the liquid sewage is received
at the out fall.
The porous condenser herein-before referred to may be usefully applied to the
condensing of the noxious waste vapours arising from chemical and other works.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Baggeley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th August
1878.
"
⚫ IM-
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist.
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
THEREFROM, ALSO IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF NOXIOUS VAPOURS FROM CHEMICAL AND OTHER
WORKS."
My said Invention relates to a continuous process for the treatment of sewage,
and for the manufacture of a dry manure therefrom, whereby the pollution of rivers
is avoided, all nuisance arising from the sewage is prevented, and the conversion of
the sewage into a valuable manure is effected in an expeditious and economical
manner.
In carrying out my said Invention I employ at the outfall or discharge mouth of
the sewer an elevating wheel of any convenient width and diameter, according to
the amount of sewage to be treated, and the proportion of solid matter contained
therein. This elevating wheel is provided round its periphery with a number of
wirework or perforated buckets acting as scoops, and it is rotated by steam power at
such a speed as will ensure the elevating to a higher level of all the strained solid
matter as fast as it is discharged at the outfall. The effluent fluid matter is allowed
to flow off through the said wirework, or perforated buckets, whilst the solid
portion of the sewage is discharged by the buckets into a convenient inclined spout,"
which directs it into a closed drying chamber. This chamber I prefer to construct
of fire slabs, and along the bottom thereof I cause to travel a series of scrapers carried
by one or more endless travelling belts or chains, passing over and actuated by
pullies driven by the prime mover. The length of this drying chamber will greatly
depend upon the amount of solid matter to be dried, and on the time required for
effecting its dessication.
st
Underneath the floor of the said drying chamber I construct one or more flues
arranged somewhat after the well-known fashion, adopted for permanent brick
kilns for the purpose of drying the solid portion of the sewage, the heat employed
being by preference the waste heat from the furnace of the boiler which drives the
engine.
The vapours arising from the solid portion of the sewage in the process of drying.
pass off by a pipe or pipes into a conduit forming a condenser or condensing
chainber, which is composed of porous material of any suitable description, but I
prefer to use for that purpose the peculiar porous material herein-after described.
The said condenser is closed to the atmosphere, and is kept cool by being
immersed wholly or partially in the effluent or waste water drained from the
sewage.
The vapours on their way through the condenser are completely condensed and
form liquid ammonia, which flows out at the opposite end of the condensing conduit
or chamber through an overflow discharge, or may be drawn off at intervals through
a pipe and stop-cock into any convenient receiver or receptacle.
The solid matter inside the drying chamber is thoroughly dried by the time it
has been drawn from one end to the other of such chamber by the scrapers, and is
continuously discharged in a dry state through a discharge opening situate at or
near the end of the said chamber farthest from the feeding end, and made in the
bottom of the said chamber.
This dried material is to be packed into bags for the market, and forms a valuable
manure, which may also, if desired, be made into fire bricks by being moulded and
burnt, in which case I should add thereto a small proportion of clay.
The porous material which I prefer to use in the construction of my condenser

page_text: consists of the following ingredients in or about the proportions herein-after given,
namely,
Ground waste marble
Ground flint
"
1 part by weight
6 parts
Ground Cork stone"
Whiting
Fire clay
Ground Cornwall stone
"
"
3
" . "
"
8
"
"
"
4
"
'"
"
2
"
"
"
These materials are to be well mixed together by grinding or otherwise, and
sufficient water is to be added thereto to reduce the mass to a plastic condition,
from which the condensing pipes or chambers are moulded or shaped in any well-
known manner, and burnt for a period of about 60 hours in any well-known kiln
suitable for the purpose.
The liquid portion of the sewage after it has been strained by passing through the
straining buckets or scoops of the elevating wheel, is filtered and purified by being
caused to percolate through a filtering porous wall, built or constructed of bricks,
blocks, or slabs of the porous material herein-before described, and forming a dam
or barrier to the stream of liquid sewage. After it has passed through this porous
wall the liquid sewage will be found to be clear and deodorised, and in a fit state
for being discharged into any natural streami or river without poluting the same.
The slime which deposits on the face of the porous filtering wall can be readily
removed at suitable intervals by means of scrapers.
The condenser of porous material herein-before referred to may obviously be
usefully applied to the condensing of many of the noxious waste vapours arising
from chemical and other works.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is,
First. The continuous process for treating sewage, and the particular combination
of appliances employed therefor, whereby the sewage is received at the outfall into
elevating straining buckets or scoops; the solid portion is then and there discharged
into a drying chamber, along the floor of which it is traversed by mechanical
scrapers, and discharged in the form of a dry manure, whilst the vapours are con-
densed by entering a porous condenser, and the effluent liquid is purified by perco-
lation through a porous filtering wall, the whole being combined and arranged so as
to operate in a continuous manner, substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The application and use, for the purposes specified, of condensing
chambers and filtering walls, composed of the peculiar porous material herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Baggeley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight
Witness,
EDWIN P. ALEXANDER,
HENRY BAGGELEY. (L.S.)
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
14, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane,
W.C.