CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING 'CARPETS OR OTHER LOOPED FABRICS."
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Moxon, of Rochdale, 'in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, and John Clayton, of the same Place, Carpet
Manager, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING 'CARPETS OR OTHER LOOPED FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION :left by the said William Moxon and John
Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 13th June 1855.
We, WILLIAM Moxon, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
and JOHN CLAYTON, of the same Place, Carpet Manager, do hereby declare
the nature of our 'said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING CARPETS OR OTHER LOOPED FABRICS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention applies solely to such looms in which looped fabrics are
woven, and wherein wires are employed for the formation of the loop. It
consists in a novel arrangement of apparatus for the insertion of the wire, and
in its withdrawal after the loop has been made.
This is effected by means of a small drum or pully, round which the wire
coils (which requires to be suitably tempered), and which pully is worked by
means of a ratchet and ratchet wheel, the treaddle or lever of which is actuated
by a suitably shaped cam fixed on the common tappet shaft of the loom.
When the loop has been made and the wire is still in it, a small stud or pin
upon the treaddle falls into a recess in the cam and draws down the ratchet,
which turns the ratchet wheel (to which is attached the drum or pulley), and,
consequently; in causing the drum to revolve: will-withdraw the wire from the
loop and coil it round the drum. It is then thrown out again from the pulley

page_text: or drum by similar means for the formation of the next loop. Or the same
effect may be obtained by means of two rollers placed under and upon the
wire, so that upon their being caused to revolve, the wire will be withdrawn or
thrown out as required
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Moxon and John Clayton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
Moxon, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, and JOHN
CLAYTON, of the same Place, Carpet Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date. the Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of
ar of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Moxon and John Clayton; Her especial license that we, the said
William Moxon and John Clayton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Moxon, and John Clayton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,, the Channel Islands,..and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS
OR OTHER LOOPED FABRICS," upon the condition, amongst others, that we, the
said William Moxon and John Clayton; by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, should particularly describe. and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal. Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Moxon and John Clayton
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Our improvement applies solely to those looms in which looped fabrics are
woven, and wherein wires are employed for the formation of the loop, and
consists in a novel arrangement of apparatus for the insertion of the wire
and its withdrawal after the loop has been made...
This is effected by means of a small drum or pulley, round which the spring

page_text: attached to the wire coils, which requires to be suitably tempered, and which
pulley may be worked, by means of a ratchet and ratchet wheel, the treddle or
lever of which is actuated by a suitably shaped cam fixed on the common
tappet shaft of the 'loom. When the loop has been made and the wire is still
in it, a small stud or pin upon the treddle falls into a recess in "the cam and
draws down the ratchet wheel (to which is attached the drum or pulley), and,
consequently, in causing the drum to revolve will withdraw the wire from the
loop. It is then thrown out again from the pulley, or drum by similar means.
for the formation. of the next loop. Or the same effect may be obtained by
means of two rollers placed under. and upon the wire, so that upon their being
caused to revolve, the wire will be withdrawn or thrown out, as required. .
In order that this Invention may be the better understood and explained
in detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawing, having marked-on
the several Figures shewn the same letters of reference on corresponding parts.
of the machinery or apparatus. Figs. 1, 2, and 3. are made upon a scale
of about one, and a half inches to the foot; Fig. 4 being made to a scale of
about a quarter real size, or about three inches to the foot. Fig. 1 repre-
sents a front elevation of the framing of an ordinary carpet loom having these
improvements attached; Fig. 2 exhibits a side elevation of the same; Fig. 3
represents a plan or top view of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4. exhibits elevations of
the drum or pulley, its side or covering plate being removed to illustrate more
clearly the universal joint...aa, represents the framing, of the machine or
apparatus; and 6, the pulley or drum enclosed in a casing or flanches 6', 6', by
the action of which drum this Invention is chiefly effected; c is a cam, which
imparts motion to the pulley or drum 6 through appropriately arranged system
of leverage, actuating the rack d and pinion e; f and f¹ represent the wires;
and g, g, the metal bands or springs which attach the wires f and f¹ to the
drum or pulley b; on the tappet.shaft h is likewise secured the cam j, which,
through any appropriate arranged leverage, communicates motion to the
channel or slide piece k, secured upon the covering plate 6¹ of the pulley or
drum bat proper. intervals..
1.
In the manufacture of looped fabrics, to which this Invention is peculiarly
applicable, wires are employed, and, being inserted between the warps of the
material manufactured, are beaten up by the advance of the slay with the
loops formed by the succeeding pick, whereby great regularity in the manu-
facture is ensured, and a considerable saving in the material is effected. It is
the particular. method of inserting these wires between the "shed," and with-
drawing them from the perfected loop, that constitutes this Invention;. It may
be here necessary to remark, that although in the Drawing but two wires are

page_text: shewn, one actuated from either side of the machine or apparatus, any desired
number of wires may be similarly employed; or loose wires may be adapted in.
such a manner, that when placed within the shed that portion of the band or
wire which' encircles the drum or pulley may become detached from the wire.
in the "shed," and at its next "throwing out'
" or advance may
"take up "or
withdraw a different wire from that left in the "shed," the band or wire
encircling the drum of course in this instance being furnished with a hook or
any other mechanical equivalent suitably arranged for the purpose of taking
hold of and withdrawing the wires. Should the fabric under manufacture be
of extra breadth, requiring a longer wire; and consequently a drum-or pulley
of greater diameter, it would be advisable to place the drum or pulley nearer
to the general framing of the-machine or apparatus and above the level of 'the
"shed," so that the wires may be thrown out from beneath the pulley or drum
instead of from the upper part; as shewn in the Drawing. In some instances
it might be preferable to serve or "throw out" the wires from one side of the
machine or apparatus, but-in, the accompanying Drawing we have illustrated
the mode which we prefer of effecting this Invention. In Fig: 3% the two
wires and fare represented as being in the relative position which they
would bear to each other at the "beating up." of a fresh formed loop in the
manufacture under operation; motion being continuéd and 'imparted from the
driving pulley m along its shaft to the pinion n, is then'transferred to the carrier
wheel' o, and through it to the spur wheel. p, which drives the tappet: shaft ;
the "slay" having now "beated up," it is necessary to withdraw the hinder
wire f, which is effected by the continued revolution of the tappet shaft h,
causing the cam c to elevate the connecting arm c¹ with its vertical lever.c",
and thus throw up the segmental rack d, which, giving a rotary motion to the
pinion e, causes the revolution on the same shaft 'of' tlie drum or pulley b
enclosed in its outer casing '; this has the effect of winding on to the drum b
the band g of the wire f; and thus causing its withdrawal from the completed
loop of the fabric. At this point a second.motion is caused to act. On the
tappet shaft h the small cams j, j, are secured (the description of the action of
one of them will here be sufficient). The wire f¹ being withdrawn, the projecting
piece of the cam j now-operates upon the bowl of the lever, always kept by
suitable means pressed against the periphery of the cam j; the lever in con-
sequence forces upwards the rod j³, and thus throws over the lever, having
secured at its upper end the connecting link ", the opposite end' of the link
being attached to the end of the channel or slide piece k. By this means the
position of the end of the channel or slide piece is altered or thrust slightly
back; the effect" of. which is; that the wire f; when again thrown out: or
"

page_text: advanced, caused by the continued revolution of the cam c, and the reverse
action of the rack d and pinion e, assumes an angular direction sufficient to
avoid the perfected fabric, but so as to enter between the open shed. The
motions of the loom still continuing, the pick is made, the slay beats up, and
the wire f¹ is again encircled by the perfected loop; similar but alternate
motions take place on the opposite side of the loom, and the same end is
effected with the wire f. Thus, by such continuous withdrawal and insertion
of the wires, each loop of the fabric under manufacture is woven over a wire,
thereby ensuring considerable evenness and regularity of manufacture. The
causing of the slide or channel piece slightly to diverge from its position
incurs the necessity of employing a universal joint in connection with the
pulley or drum; on reference to Fig. 4, this arrangement will be readily
understood. a³ represents the covering plate of the pulley removed, so as to
expose the interior arrangement of the pulley or drum b and its encircling
band or spring g; the shaft 3 of the pinion e is secured in its position by the
two standards c³, c³, but it will be observed that the divergence of the channel
or slide piece k will be readily allowed by the action of the universal joint d³
and the round shifting pin or finger e³, secured at the bottom of the covering
plate a³. In Fig. 3 the dotted lines represent the wire after having been
withdrawn from the manufactured loop presented at an angle as within the
"shed" preparatory to being again "beaten up."
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which
the same may be put into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly under-
stood that we claim the novel application, employment, and use of a drum or
pulley in connection with the "wires," for the purpose of withdrawing and
replacing or throwing out such wires as are employed in the weaving of carpets
or looped fabrics, as well as the general arrangement of the machinery or
apparatus used in conjunction therewith, as herein set forth and described,
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Moxon and John Clayton,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
WILLIAM MOXON. (L.S.)
JOHN CLAYTON.
(L.S.)

page_text: the Matter of a Patent granted to WILLIAM Moxon, of Rochdale,
in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, and JOHN CLAYTON, of the
same Place, Carpet Manager, for their Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS OR OTHER LOOPED
FABRICS," bearing date the Thirteenth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five, to which a Specification was duly filed,
and which said Letters Patent have become partly vested in
REGINALD STEVENSON DAVIES, of No. 8, Delahay Street, Westmins-
ter, Gentleman, by Indenture of Assignment, bearing date the Third
day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
AIMER proposed to be entered by the said William Moxon and John
layton and Reginald Stevenson Davies, pursuant to the Statutes in that
se made and provided.
EREAS in the said Specification we, the said William Moxon and
Clayton, stated, that "any desired number of wires may be similarly
loyed, or loose wires may be adapted in such a manner, that when placed
in the shed, that portion of the band or wire which encircles the drum

page_text: "or pulley may become detached from the wire in the 'shed,' and at its next
throwing out' or advance may take up' or withdraw a different wire
from that left in the shed, the band or wire encircling the drum, of
course, in this instance, being furnished with a hook, or any other mecha-
"nical equivalent suitably arranged, for the purpose of taking hold of and
withdrawing the wires."
And we also stated, that "in some instances, it might be preferable to serve
'throw out the wires from one side of the machine or apparatus," which
statements were made in error; for which reason we, the said William
Moxon, John Clayton, and Reginald Stevenson Davies, are desirous of
disclaiming, and we do hereby disclaim the parts of the said Specification
which consist of the following words:" Any desired number of wires may be
similarly employed, or loose wires may be adapted in such a manner, that
"when placed. within, the shed, that.. portion of the band or wire which
encircles the drum. or pulley may become detached from the wire in the
shed, and at its next throwing out' or advance may take up' or with-
"draw a different wire from that left in the shed,' the band or wire
encircling the drum, of course in this instance, being furnished with a hook,
"or any other mechanical equivalent, suitably arranged for the purpose of
taking hold of and withdrawing the wires;" and also the words, "in some
"instances it might be preferable to serve or throw out' the wires from one
"side of the machine or apparatus."
2
In witness whereof, we have. hereunto set our hands and seals, this
'Fifteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
TULT THAN MOKON

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my Fiat, giving leave to the above-mentioned William
Moxon, John Clayton, and Reginal Stevenson Davies, to file in the Great Seal
Patent Office with the Specification to which the same relates, the above-
written Disclaimer.
HENRY S. KEATING.
Temple, 12th June, 1857.