IMPROVEMENTts in the Manufacture of AERATED AND OTHER WATERS
Year: 1874

page_text: - LETTERS PATENT to William Adolphus Ross, of Belfast, in the
County of Antrim, in Ireland, Acrated Water Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTts in the Manufacture of AERATED AND OTHER
WATERS."
Sealed the 26th February 1875, and dated the 23rd December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Adolphus
Ross at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd December 1874.
I, WILLIAM ADOLPHUS Ross, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
5 in Ireland, Aerated Water Manufacturer, do hereby declaro the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED
AND OTHER WATERS," to be as follows:―
Instead of the wooden or leaden cistern hitherto commonly used for
storing the water with which aerated and other flavoured, syruped, or
O medicated beverages are manufactured, I employ a cistern or water
reservoir constructed with double walls of slate, copper, or other material,

page_text: being a good conductor of licat, and having an interval between tho
inner and outer walls to receive ice or other refrigerating substance or
substances, whereby the water in the cistorn or reservoir may be cooled
before being used in the manufacture. I also employ a pipe or vessel
containing ice or iced water or other refrigerating substanco or sub-
stances through which I pass the pipe conveying the gas from the
generator to the purifier for the purpose of cooling the gas.
And in order to prevent the impregnation or contamination of the
manufactued waters by poisonous or deleterious matters evolved by the
action of the acid or corrosive materials upon the vessels or pipes used
in the process of the manufacture of the purification of the gases I
employ apparatus which is altogether or practically non-corrodent, being
constructed either solely of glass, porcelain, earthenware, gutta percha,
india-rubber, or ebonite, or of one or more of the same materials in con-
nection with lignum vitæ, or other acid resisting substance, or with
metallic substances plated or coated with silver, naptha, petroleum, or
other acid resisting substance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Adolphus Ross in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ADOLPHUS Ross, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Iroland,
Acrated Water Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twonty-third day of December, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Adolphus Ross, Her
special licence that I, the said William Adolphus Ross, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Adolphus Ross, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of

page_text: Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AERATED AND OTHER
WATERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Adolphus Ross, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to bo
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Adolphus Ross, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the samo
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:-
-
This Invention relates to the apparatus which is employed in the
manufacture of acrated and other waters used or administered as
agrecable or medicinal beverages, and consists in the first place in the
construction of a cistern or water reservoir of slate or other material,
which is a good conductor of heat, and having double walls with intervals
between them to receive and contain ice or other refrigerating substance or
substances, whereby the water in the cistern or reservoir is cooled before
being used in the manufacture of the aforesaid beverages; and also in
the construction of a cylinder, box, or vessel to receive and contain ico
or iced water and other refrigerating substance or substances, and
through which the pipe to convey tho gas from the generator to the
purifier is passed for the purpose of cooling the gas.
And in the next place in the construction of non-corrodent vessels,
tubes, or pipes, to be used in the process of the manufacture of the puri-
fication of the gases and liquids, such vessels, tubes, or pipes, being
made either solely of glass, porcelain, carthenware, gutta percha, india-
rubber, or ebonite (sometimes called vulcanite), or of one or more of the
same materials in connection with lignum vitæ, or other substantially or.
actually acid resisting substance or substances, or with metallic substances
plated or coated with silver, naptha, petroleum, or other substantially or
actually acid resisting substance or substances in order to prevent the
impregnation or contamination of the aforesaid beverages by poisonous

page_text: or deleterious matters evolved by the action of the acid or the other cor-
rosive materials.
The cistern or water reservoir is built or put together in the ordinary
way, the interval between the inner and outer walls, being about three
inches in width. This interval is filled with ice or brinc, composed of a
mixture of ice and salt, or other refrigerating substance or substances.
I make one of the inner walls extend at one of its extremities across the
interval, and attach or coment it to the outer wall to which it extends,
so as to break the circuit of the interval; and in order still further to
lower the temperature of the refrigerating substance or substances, and
consequently of the water within the cistern or reservoir, I may intro-
duce by a pipe entering through the outer wall at one side of the lino
of contact between it and the extended extremity of the inner wall,
and close or near to the bottom of the cistern, a stream of cold or iced
water or brine which flows in the interval round the cistern and passes
out again by a pipe through the outer wall at the other side of the line of
contact between it and the extended extremity of the inner wall, and
close or near to the top of the cistern.
And in order to cool the carbonic acid gas as it passes from the
generator, so that it may not heat and soften, or injure or destroy the
gutta percha, india-rubber, ebonite, or other tubes, pipes, or vessels, by
which it is afterwards conveyed, received, or contained, I attach to or fix
about the pipe conveying such gas out of the generator, cylinder, box,
or vessel which I fill through a port or aperture in the top or near to the
top in the side, icc or iced water or brine or other refrigerating substance 2
or substances, or I cause a stream of cold or iced water or brine
to enter such cylinder, box, or vessel, by a pipe in, at, or near to the
bottom thereof, to flow through the same and pass off by a pipe in, at, or
ncar to the top thereof, or both ice and a stream of cold or iced water or
brine may be employed for the purpose of cooling such gas.
3
In carrying out that part of my said Invention which consists in the
construction of non-corrodent vessels, tubes, and pipes, to be used in the
process of the manufacture or the purification of the gases and liquids
I pass
the carbonic acid gas after being cooled by means of the apparatus
and substance or substances lastly hercin-before described, through gutta 8
percha tubes or pipes to the bottom of the purifier and thence to the
receiver or gas holder, and under and into a dome covered and lined or

page_text: sheeted or coated with gutta percha, and I use another gutta percha
tube or pipe to convey the gas from under the dome to the cylinder
which I construct of the ordinary shape and materials, but plate
internally with silver, naptha, or petroleum, or with gutta percha, or
other acid resisting material or substance; or merely using such cylinder
by way of a casing or frame, I insert within it a large glass tube or
barrel embedded and closed in at cach end with india-rubber or gutta
percha; and I coat the agitator which works inside the cylinder with
silver or gutta percha, or other acid resisting material or substance, or
with an enamel of glass, porcelain, or carthenware. I do not however.
confine myself to the use of tubes nor of domes covered and lined or
shected or coated, nor of cylinders of copper plated internally, or
cncasing a glass tube or barrel, as hercin-before described. I can and
may, if and when desired, construct the tubes of any of the other
materials herein-before mentioned, in addition to that already described,
or of metallic substances cnamelled, plated, or coated with any of the
same materials, or with silver, naptha, petroleum, or other acid resisting
substance; and I can and may, if and when desired, construct the dome
wholly of glass, porcelain, earthenware, or ebonite (sometimes called
vulcanite), or of metallic substances enamelled, plated, or coated with
any of the same materials in addition to that already described, or with
india-rubber, or with silver, naptha, petroleum, or other acid resisting.
substance. And likewise I can and may, if and when desired, construct
the cylinder wholly of any of the materials herein-before mentioned,
or of any other combinations of the same materials in addition to those
already described.
my
It is. not necessary to illustrate with Drawings that part of said
Invention which I have lastly herein-before described, inasmuch as I do
not adopt or claim novelty of any form or disposition in the apparatus
used by me, but in order that my said cistern or water reservoir and the
cylinder, box, or vessel, by which I am enabled to cool the gas passing.
from the generator may be severally and more fully understood I shall
now proceed to refer to the Drawings on the Sheet hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference being used throughout the first and second
Figures to indicate the same or corresponding parts of said cistern or
water reservoir.
Fie L is a plan of a double walled cistern or water reservoir, showing

page_text: interval, and joined to or touching the outer wall; and also the inlet and
outlet pipes for tho introduction and discharge of a stream of cold or iced
water or brinc.
Fig. II. is a vertical section of the cistern or water reservoir upon the
line A, B, on Fig. I.
Fig. III. is a vertical section of the cylinder, box, or vessel, attached
to or fixed about the pipe convoying the gas from the generator and
showing the inlet and outlet pipes for the introduction and discharge of
a stream of cold or iced water or brine.
]
a is the cistern or water reservoir; b, b, b, b, are the outer walls; and
c, c, c, c, the inner walls of the same, having one of the inner walls
extended at one extremity c¹ across the interval, and joining or touching
the outer wall on the opposite side thereof; d is the interval between
the outer and inner walls; e is the inlet pipe for the introduction
of a stream of cold or iced water or brine; and is the outlet pipo 1
for the discharge or overflow of the said stream; and is the bottom
of the cistern or water reservoir; m is the pipe which conveys the
carbonic acid gas from the generator; " is a leaden cylinder, box, or
vessel, attached or fixed upon the pipe m for the purpose of applying
refrigeratives to cool the gas before reaching the tubes, pipes, or vessels, 2
herein-before mentioned and described; is the inlet pipe for the intro-
duction of a stream of cold or iced water or brine; and a is the outlet
pipo for the discharge or overflow of the said stream.
8
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed I would have it to be understood 2
that I do not claim the production of an improved quality of acrated
waters or other beverages, nor the use of cisterns or water reservoirs
and refrigerators, nor of the several materials and substances hercin-
before mentioned, except when the same are specially manufactured
and prepared, or constructed and employed as herein-before described; 3
nor do I claim the use of tubes, domes, cylinders, and other pipes and
vessels used in the manufacture of aerated and other waters; nor of
any of the separate mechanical parts which form the apparatus used by
mc, but I claim,―
First. The use of refrigerating annaratus constructed and omnlowad

page_text: Secondly. The construction and application of refrigerating apparatus,
such as aro shewn in the several Drawings hereunto annexed in the
manner and for the purposes hercin-before described.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting tho
refrigerating apparatus constructed and applied, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described and illustrated in
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fourthly. The manufacture of an improved quality of acrated and
other waters by using water and gas refrigerated or cooled and employed
substantially as herein-before described.
Fifthly. The manufacture of an improved quality of aerated and other
waters by using non-corrodent apparatus constructed and employed sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Sixthly. The use of non-corrodent materials and substances, such as
are herein-before mentioned, applied substantially in the manner and for
the purposes herein-before described.
And, Seventhly. The combination and arrangement of materials and
substances constituting the apparatus constructed and applied sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Adolphus Ross, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-first day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.