IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS, AND KEEPING OUT WET FROM DOORS AND WINDOWS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Young, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND ALSO IN
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS, AND KEEPING OUT WET FROM DOORS
AND WINDOWS,"
Sealed the 12th August 1859, and dated the 26th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with .his. Petition, on the
26th May 1859.
I, JOHN YOUNG, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND
ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DRAUGHTS, AND KEEPING OUT WET FROM DOORS
AND WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in locks consist, firstly, in making a moveable stump on
the bolt of the lock, which moveable stump, after it has been disengaged from
the tumblers by the shooting of the .bolt turns upon its joint, and prevents the
bolt from being withdrawn, until by the action of the key it is restored to the
proper position. If, by the action of a false key, or otherwise, the stump is
moved too far, it acts as a detector.

page_text: My improvements in locks consist, secondly, in fixing a plate above the key
hole in the inside of the lock, the edge of the said plate being of a semicircular
figure, and formed into a series of steps corresponding to the gating of the key.
The said plate forms an additional security, and enables me to dispense with
some of the tumblers ordinarily employed.
In making knobs for locks and latches according to my Invention, I make
the body of the knob, by the process of raising or otherwise; and placing the
said body in a mould, I cast the neck and shoulder upon the body of the knob.
The knob is finished by turning in the ordinary manner.
My Invention consists, lastly, in placing thin metal plates or strips in the
top, bottom, or sides of doors and casements, the said plates being capable of
retiring into or being projected out of the edges of the doors or casements.
The said plates or strips are so connected with the knob or bolts of the door
or casement, that on turning the said knob in the direction proper to open
the door or casement, the said plates or strips are withdrawn into the edges of
the door or casement which may now open freely. On turning the knob in
the opposite direction, when the door or casement.is closed, the strips or plates
are projected, and by closing up the space between the door or casement, and
the top, bottom, or side of its frame, prevent the occurrence of draughts
or the entrance of wet. The last-described apparatus may be made self-
acting,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
YOUNG, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for: Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Young, Her special licence that I, the said John Young,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns; should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS, AND IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR
PREVENTING DRAUGHTS, AND KEEPING OUT WET FROM DOORS AND WINDOWS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Young, ny executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Young, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement thereof, that is to say :-
My improvements in locks consist, firstly, in making a moveable stump on
the bolt of the lock, which said moveable stump after it has been disengaged
from the tumblers by the shooting of the bolt, turns upon its centre, and
prevents the bolt from being withdrawn, until by the action of the key it is
restored to the proper position, as herein-after particularly explained, and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of the interior of a lock, constructed
according to this part of my Invention, the bolt of the lock being withdrawn ;
and Figure 2 represents the same with the bolt shot; Figures 3, 4, and 5
represent portions of the same as herein-after explained. The same letters
indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. a is the bolt of the
lock, shewn separately in front and side elevation in Figure 4, near the end
of which bolt I place a stump 6, the said stump turning on a joint at con
the said bolt; d are the tumblers of the lock, the bottom one d' of which has
the form represented in Figure 3, and carries at its end a pin e, upon which the
end of the arm f of the stump is fixed, and the said stump connected to the
said tumbler d². The tumblers d turn upon a centre at g, and the tumbler d'
slides upon the bolt a. The said bolt a and tumbler d are guided in their
motion by a pin h working in a slot i in the said bolt and tumbler, as shewn
in Figure 3, which said Figure 3 represents a portion of the lock with the
tumblers ḍ removed; a side elevation of the tumbler d² is represented in
Figure 5. The tumblers d are pressed down after the bolt has been shot by
the springs k, as represented in Figure 2. When the bolt a has been shot
by the key shewn separately in Figure 6, and the stump 6 disengaged from

page_text: b
the slots in the tumblers d and d³, the said stump turns upon its joint e,, and
assumes the position represented in Figure 2, the end of the said stump bearing
against the ends of the tumblers d. To withdraw the bolt the key is inserted
and turned in a proper direction. The first action of the key is upon the
tumbler d², the said tumbler being slightly withdrawn, by which motion the
stump 6 is turned upon its centre, and becomes parallel or nearly parallel with
the edge of the said tumbler d³. By further turning the key, the tumblers d.
are raised to the respective heights proper to bring the slots in the said.
tumblers opposite the stump b, when the said stump enters the said slots, and
the bolt may be withdrawn as seen in Figure 1. If a false key or other
instrument be inserted in the lock, the said stump 6 will be moved either too
far or not sufficiently far to bring the said stump opposite the slots in the
tumblers d, and the bolt a cannot be withdrawn. In addition thereto the said
stump acts as a detector, for when the stump 6 has been brought, by the
action of a false key, into the position represented in Figure 3, the tumbler d'
is at the same time partly withdrawn, and on inserting the true key it strikes
against the edge of the said tumbler, as indicated in dotted lines at m, in.
Figure 3, and is prevented from entering the recess d³ of the said tumbler d²..
In order to withdraw the bolt when the tumbler d' is in the position repre-
sented in Figure 3, the key is turned and strikes against the part n of the said
tumbler, and the said tumbler is thereby re-shot, and the stump 6 brought into
the position represented in Figure 2. By now turning the key in the oppo-
site direction, the bolt a can be withdrawn. The stump 6 is preserved in the.
positions represented in Figures 2 and 3, by the spring o bearing against one or
other of the sides of the bevilled end of the arm f of the stump.
b
My improvements in locks consist,s econdly, in fixing a plate above the key-
bole in the inside of the lock, the edge of the said plate having a nearly semi-
circular figure, and one face of the said plate is formed into a series of steps
corresponding to the gating of the key. The said plate forms an additional
security, and enables me to dispense with some of the tumblers ordinarily
employed.
'
Figures 6 and 7 represent in front elevation and horizontal section re-.
spectively, a lock_constructed according to this part of my Invention. The
same letters are employed to indicate the same parts in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9,
and 10.
a is a plate of metal placed above the keyhole 6 of the lock; the edge of
the said plate has a nearly semicircular opening c, in which opening the key
represented separately in Figure 8 works. One of the faces of the said
plate a is made with a series of steps d, as represented, corresponding to the

page_text: gating of the key, and in which steps the lower half e of the key works. The
said plate a is shewn separately in front elevation in Figure 9, and in vertical
section in Figure 10. f is the bolt of the lock, and g is a stump on the said
bolt; h is the tumbler of the lock, by raising which by the part i of the key.
until the narrow part k of the slot therein comes opposite the stump g, the
bolt can be shot, as is well understood. The bolt f is represented shot in
Figures 6 and 7. Although in the lock represented in Figures 6 and 7, I
have shewn one tumbler only used in connection with the stepped plate a, yet
more than one tumbler may be employed where greater security is required.
When the stepped plates a are to be used with locks of large size, I prefer
to make the said plates mainly of iron, and to insert a brass or other suitable
metal plate across that part of the said stepped plate which is situated near
the keyhole. In making the said stepped plates I cast, or otherwise form
plates of iron of the shape represented in front elevation in Figure 11, and end
clevation in Figure 12 of the Drawing, leaving a depression along the
middle of the said plate, into which depression I insert and fix, by soldering or
rivetting, a brass or other plate m, as represented in Figures 13 and 14;
Figure 13 representing the opposite side of the plate, Figures 11 and 12,
and Figure 14 a vertical section of the same.
My improvement in the manufacture of metal knobs for locks and latches
consists in making the body of the said knobs by the process of raising in dies
or otherwise, and placing the said body in a mould, casting thereupon
the neck, shoulder, and flange of the said knob. The knob is finished by
turning in the ordinary manner.
Figure 15 represents in elevation a body of a knob to be used in carrying
this part of my Invention into effect, the said body having been formed by
raising in dies or otherwise. I take the body, Figure 15, and placing it in a
sand or other mould, cast upon the said body a shoulder, neck, and flange of
the form represented in elevation in Figure 16. Figure 17 represents a
section of a finished knob made according to my Invention, the shoulder,
neck, and flange having been cast upon the body of the knob as explained.
As the process by which the body of the knob, Figure 15, is formed, and that
by which the neck, shoulder, and flange are cast thereon, do not differ from
the processes commonly employed for similar purposes, I do not think it
necessary to describe the said processes.
My Invention consists, lastly, in placing thin metal plates or strips in the
top and bottom or top or bottom of doors and casements, the said plates being
capable of retiring into or being projected out of the edges of the doors or
-case ments.
The said plates may be, so connected with the ordinary knob or

page_text: bolt of the door or casement (or an independent knob or bolt on the door or
casement), that on the turning of the said knob in a proper direction to open
the door or casement, the said plates or strips are withdrawn into the edges of
the door or casement which may now open freely. On turning the knob in
the opposite direction when the door or casement is closed, the strips are
projected, and by closing up the space between the door or casement and the
top and bottom of its frame, prevent the occurrence of draughts or the
entrance of wet. This part of my Invention may be made self-acting, and
I have represented in Figures 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the accompanying
Drawings, self-acting mechanism attached to a door for the purpose of with-
drawing the strip or plate from the flooring or framing of the door, and
projecting the said strip or plate into the said flooring or framing as the door
is opened and closed. From the description and representation of the said
mechanism, the manner of applying my Invention to casements. will readily be
understood.
Figure 18 represents a front elevation of a portion of a door to which my
Invention is applied, the said mechanism being made to close the space
between the bottom of the door and flooring of the room when the door is
closed; Figure 19 represents an edge view of the same; Figure 20 represents
a horizontal section of the same taken through the line a, Figure 18, a portion
of the framing of the door being also shown in section in the said Figure 20;
and Figure 21 represents a portion of my Invention as herein-after explained.
The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in Figures
18, 19, 20, and 21. is a strip or plate of metal running the whole or nearly
the whole length of the bottom of the door c. In the floor of the room,
immediately underneath the bottom edge of the said plate b, I make a groove
or opening of the required depth, but by preference I insert in the said flooring
a plate d, having a groove e therein, into which the plate 6 is projected, as
herein-after explained, and thus prevents the entrance of draughts or wet
underneath the said door. The upper edge of the said plate 6 works in a
plate fattached to the door, and the said plate 6 is guided in its motion by
rods (one only of which marked g is seen in Figure 19) at the opposite edges
of the door. The said rods g work in slots in the door. One end of the said
rods turns upon the pin or rod h running along the door, and the other end is
connected to the sliding plate 6 by the screws k, k, entering the ends of the
rods. The said plate 6 is made self-acting, that is to say, projecting into the
groove e in the plate d on the closing of the door, and withdrawn therefrom
'on the opening of the door in the following manner:- is a connecting rod
connected at its lower end to the plate b, and at its upper end to the arm m
b

page_text: fixed to the disc n, the said disc n turning on a centre at o. Projecting from
the said disc n is a pin p, which enters a slot q in the lower edge of the latch
case, or lock and latch case r, the said pin entering a hole s in the latch bolt t.
The plate 6 is represented in the Drawing withdrawn from the floor, and when
in this position the said plate 6 is retained in its place, and the latch bolt ţ pre-
vented from being shot by the action of its spring by the following mechanism:―
For the purpose of more readily illustrating the action of my Invention, I
will assume that the door is closed, and that the plate 6 is projected into the
groove e. On the turning of the knob u to open the door, the said knob acts
upon the bolt t in the ordinary manner, and withdraws the latch from its
staple. On the sliding of the latch bolt t, the pin p is moved thereby, and the
disc n made to turn upon its centre, and through the arm m and connecting
rod 1, to raise the plate 6 into the position represented in the Drawing, and
the door can now be opened. On loosing the knob u, the bolt t is prevented
from being shot, and the plate 6 projected downwards by a pin v (see Figure 20),
entering a hole w in the interior face of the plate or disc n. The plate n is
represented separately in Figure 21, the said. Figure 21 showing the side of
the said plate opposite to that represented in Figure 18. Proceeding from
the side of the door c is a small bolt x, sliding against the plate y fixed to the
edge of the door, one end of which said bolt æ is jointed at z to the lever 1,
the said lever turning on a centre 2, and the longer arm of the said lever
carries at its end the pin v, which engages in the hole w in the disc n, as
before explained. The said pin v is pressed into the hole w, and the sliding
bolt a projected from the side of the door by the spring 3, as represented in
Figure 20. When the door is closed the end of the bolt a strikes against the
rebate 4 on the door framing 5, and thereby forces the said slide into the door.
The pin is thereby withdrawn from the hole in which it was engaged; the
disc n being now at liberty to move, is turned upon its centre by the pressure
of the latch bolt t and the weight of the plate b, and the said plate 6 projected
into the groove e in the plate d. The latch bolt t engages with its staple, and
fastens the door. The said plate 6 is thus raised from and projected into the
flooring of the room or other place every time the door is opened and closed.
The plate 6 may be provided with springs so as to force down the said plate
whenever it is at liberty to move. When the space between the top of the
door and framing of the said door is required to be closed, the said top of the
door is provided with a plate similar to the plate b, and connected to the disc n
by a connecting rod and arm, similar to the connecting rod 1 and arm m, the
said additional arm being situated on the opposite edge of the disc n to that
on which the arm m is situated. When a plate or strip is used both at the
b

page_text: top and bottom of the door, the said plates are withdrawn from and projected
into the grooves in the framing and floor of the room simultaneously.
Although I prefer to use and have described my Invention as carried into
effect by the use of plates or strips of metal placed at the top and bottom of
the door, yet strips of wood or other rigid material may be used in place of the
said metal plates or strips. When it is wished to make the plates or strips at
the top and bottom of the door independent of the motion of the ordinary door
knob, the pin p, bolt x, and parts connected therewith are dispensed with, and
a knob fixed rigidly to the axis of the disc n, by turning which knob in a
proper direction the plates or strips can be withdrawn from and projected into
'the grooves at pleasure. The strips are preserved in their raised position by
the friction of a spring washer pressed against the interior surface of the disc
or plate n, or by any other convenient means.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim
as my Invention,-
Firstly, the improvement in locks herein-before described and represented
in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and. 5 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say,
making a moveable stump on the bolt, which said moveable stump, after it has
been disengaged from the tumblers by the shooting of the bolt, turns upon a
centre, the said stump being turned into such a position that the bolt cannot
be withdrawn until by the action of the key the said stump is restored to its
proper position, the said stump acting also as a detector.
Secondly, the improvement in locks herein-before described and represented
in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say, fixing a plate above the keyhole in the interior of the lock, the
edge of the said plate having a nearly semicircular opening therein, and one
face of which said plate is formed into a series of steps corresponding to the
gating of the key, and in which said steps a portion of the key engages and
works, the said stepped plate forming an additional security, and permitting
'some of the tumblers ordinarily employed to be dispensed with.
Thirdly, the improvement in the manufacture of knobs for locks and latches,
herein-before described and represented in Figures 15, 16, and 17 of the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making the said knobs by forming the
body of the same by the process of stamping or raising, or otherwise, and
casting upon the said body the shoulder, neck, and flange of the knob.
Lastly, the apparatus hercin-before described and illustrated in Figures 18,

page_text: 19, 20, and 21 of the accompanying Drawings for preventing draughts and
keeping out wet from doors and windows, that is to say, an apparatus con-
sisting essentially of strips or plates placed at the top and bottom, or top or
bottom of the door or window, the said strips or plates being so connected
with the ordinary knob or bolt, or an additional and independent knob or bolt
on the door or window, that the said strips or plates can be withdrawn from
or projected into grooves or openings in the framing of the door or window,
and thus prevent the occurrence of draughts or entrance of wet through the
said door or window.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Young, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN YOUNG. (L.S.)