Improved Fabric suitable for Use in Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 25th Aug.. 1894-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Fabric suitable for Use in Pneumatic Tyres.
1, ISABEL SMITH of 205 Brunswick Street, Chorlton on Medlock, Manchester,
Householder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a woven fabric or cloth suitable for use in pneumatic
tyres; the fabric may be made as follows:-
I prefer to make this fabric in wide pieces made up of several strips or sections
into which when finished the fabric may be cut or divided, the fabric as made being
in a single piece consisting of alternate breadths of closely woven and loose
material each breadth of the closely woven material being approximately double
the width of the loose material although these proportions may be varied if
required. prefer to weave the fabric "on the bias" the selvedge lying at a
considerable angle to the length of each strip or section. The fabric is made
substantially as two sets of threads woven in the usual manner in the close portion
but lying loosely across each other at right angles in the loose portion of the fabric,
one set of threads say the warp lying parallel with the selvedge and the other set,
the woof, lying at right angles across these. Each portion of the fabric may be
made of any desired width and closeness or looseness of texture but in the loose
parts of the fabric I prefer as above stated to have the threads quite loose and
merely lying across each other but to place them over and under each other for
what I may call one stitch or line at suitable intervals say about or ths of an inch
apart. This arrangement without interfering with the freedom of the threads in
adapting themselves to the various strains they have to withstand keeps them more
correctly in their proper positions. Nevertheless the whole of the loose portion
may be made if desired by simply crossing the threads. The tension on warp and
woof may be equal or the fabric so woven that all the threads both ways stand an
equal amount of tension.
I prefer to employ a good quality of yarn in making this material say for
preference three or four ply yarn of best Sea Island cotton.
Die 2nd day of lul 1801
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Fabric suitable for Use in Pneumatic Tyres.
I, ISABEL SMITH, of 205 Brunswick Street, Chorlton on Medlock, Manchester,
Householder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to a woven fabric or cloth suitable for use in pneumatic
tyres; the fabric may be made as follows:-
I prefer to make this fabric in wide pieces made up of several strips or sections
into which when finished the fabric may be cut or divided, the fabric as made being
in a single piece consisting of alternate breadths of closely woven and loose
material each breadth of the closely woven material being approximately doubl.:
the width of the loose material although these proportions may be varied it

page_text: required. I prefer to weave the fabric "on the bias" the selvedge lying at a
considerable angle to the length of each strip or section. The fabric is made
substantially as two sets of threads woven in the usual manner in the close portion
but lying loosely across each other at right angles in the loose portion of the fabric,
one set of threads say the warp lying parallel with the selvedge and the other set,
the woof, lying at right angles across these. Each portion of the fabric may be
nade of any desired width and closeness or looseness of texture but in the loose
parts of the fabric I prefer as above stated to have the threads quite loose and
merely lying across each other but to place them over and under each other for
what may call one stitch or line at suitable intervals say about for th of an inch
apart. This arrangement without interfering with the freedom of the threads in
adapting themselves to the various strains they have to withstand keeps them more
correctly in their proper positions. Nevertheless the whole of the loose portion
may be made if desired by simply crossing the threads. The tension on warp and
woof may be equal or the fabric so woven that all the threads both ways stand an
equal amount of tension.
I prefer to employ a good quality of yarn in making this material say for
preference three or four ply yarn of best Sea Island cotton.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 shows upon a large scale a fabric woven according to this invention in
which the loose portion is divided at intervals by Inying the threads under and over
each other so as to form as it were a series of ridges and furrows.
Figure 2 is a similar view but in this case the loose portion of the fabric is left
with the threads simply lying under and over so the loose portion is not divided
as in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a view upon a much smaller scale of a piece of the fabric showing
the arrangement of the different sections.
Like letters represent like parts throughout the drawings.
A represents the selvedge which may be made in the ordinary manner and
would lie along the side of the piece of fabric, the length of which would be in
the direction of the double arrow shown in Figure 1. 1 represents the close
portion of each strip or section and C the loose portion the dot and dash lines in
Figure 3 indicate where the fabric would be cut to divide it into the separate strips
each strip being adapted to form the ring or band required in one tyre or if made
long enough it might serve for more than one tyre.
The closely woven portion 13 may be woven in any desired manner but in the
loose portion C the upper threads D lie quite loosely over the lower threads E, the
threads E lying at right angles to the threads D and the two sets of threads being
in the loose portion C in no way connected together excepting at the junction
lines F in Figure 1 where each upper thread is passed underneath one of the under
threads and euch under thrend is passed over one of the upper threads, thus forming
as it were a row F of looped stitches which divides the loose portion into a series
of perfectly loose portions or ridges G Figure 1 and tight portions or furrows F.
In Figure a portion of the top row of threads D is removed at H to show
the threads E underneath lying substantially at right angles to the remaining
threads D.
In Figure 2 the formation is the same as in Figure 1 but the loose portion C is
not divided into ridges and furrows as in Figure 1 the top threads D extending
without interruption from I to 1 and the bottom threads E extending similarly
without interruption from I to 1, but approximately at right angles to the
threads D.
In use upon the tyre the strip or section of fabric after it has been severed on
the lines of Figure 3 is brought round and its ends joined so as to form a
complete ring the direction indiented by the double arrow in Figure 3 indicating
the length of the strip and the direction of the circumference of the wheel.
will therefore be seen that the threads D and E lying across each other at right
angles present when in position in the tyre equal angles to the direction or plane
It

page_text: of the circumference so that an equal amount of strain will be placed upon each
set of threads when the tyre is inflated and the loose portion of the fabric will
give or stretch freely in either direction to a limited extent only, the stretch in one
direction being obtained by contraction in the opposite direction. Thus, suppose
the tyre stretch in the direction of the circumference of the wheel the loose
portion of the fabric will be contracted in a direction perpendicular thereto so that
the cross diameter of the tyre would be reduced and similarly if the cross diameter
of the tyre were extended the length of the fabric in the direction of the circum-
ference of the tyre would at that portion be contracted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. A material for use in pneumatic tyres consisting of a fabric woven in the
piece with alternate portions or sections such as B and C the one woven closely and
adapted to be cut or divided as on the lines & Figure 3 and the other consisting
only of loose threads crossing each other and interlaced at intervals as at
substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 3 of the drawings.
2. A material for use in pneumatic tyres consisting of a fabric woven in the
piece with alternate portions or sections such as B and C the one woven closely and
adapted to be cut or divided as on the lines Figure 3 and the other consisting
only of loose threads crossing each other substantially as described and illustrated
in Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
3. A material for use in pneumatic tyres consisting of a fabric woven with
alternate close and loose portions or sections arranged in strips on the "bias" or
angularly to the direction of the length of the fabric.
4. The improved material for use in pneumatic tyres substantially as described.
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
D
1