Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Mar., 1887
Complete Left, 3rd Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 13th Jan., 1888
We, ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK, of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co., of Union
Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, and
ARTHUR COLLINGS WELLS, of Ogden Street, Manchester, aforesaid, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
The self generating gas burner according to our invention which is to be combined
with arrangements for supplying the same with oils or combustible liquids under
pressure is similar to that described in a Provisional specification filed with an
application for a Patent No. 15,328 and dated the 24th day of November 1886 by
Roughsedge Wallwork one of the present applicants.
Our invention has for its object combinations and arrangements for supplying oils
or combustible liquids to the burner under pressure designed more especially to make
the combination or combinations more portable.
One modification of our invention consists of a cistern for oil or combustible liquid,
a cylinder arranged within the cistern for a ram which has a toothed rack formed on
one side to gear with a pinion on a short shaft in bearings on a bracket forming part
of or being attached to the cistern.
This short shaft has one end of a coiled spring secured to it, the other end of which
is secured to the frame or bracket, and the short shaft has a square on its end for a
key, by which it can be rotated, to wind up the ram and draw oil from the cistern
through a valve (closing against its return) into the ram cylinder or barrel and thus
winding up the coiled spring at the same time.
The reaction of this spring forces down the ram and the oil from it through a valve
(which closes against its return) into an air tight tube or cylinder in which there is a
tube from the burner which descends nearly to the bottour of the air tight tube so that
the oil can enter its oven lower end.

page_text: The oil in the air tight tube compresses the air in it, which compressed air
reacts to keep the supply passing to the burner steady, and will continue the supply
for a time, say during the time the ram is being wound up again, after it has
descended.
If desired the short shaft having the pinion for the toothed rack may be geared
with a separate shaft for the coiled spring by a "fusee" and chain or equivalent
arrangement to equalize the pressure of the spring.
According to another modification of our invention two or more rams and ram
cylinders are used supplied from the same cistern, and each ram is actuated and has
pressure put upon it by a shaft, spring, pinion and toothed rack as in the first modifi-
cation described.
Each ram will supply the burner alone or both will supply it at the same time and
one will continue the supply while the other is being wound up.
If desired the same supply arrangements are or may be used for two or more
burners.
Another modification of our invention consists of a closed air tight cistern.
The tube to the burner descends to nearly the bottom of the cistern.
Air is forced into the cistern by a pump to give the required pressure to force the
oil from the cistern up the tube to the burner.
If desired the oil is or may be arranged to pass a regulator valve to keep the delivery
pressure uniform.
Dated this Seventh day of March 1887

page_text: Improvements in Combined Self Generating Gas Burners, and
Arrangements for Supplying the same with Oils or Combustible
Liquids under Pressure, which Arrangements are also Applicable
to other Oil Burners.
We ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK, of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co., of Union
Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder and
ARTHUR COLLINGS WELLS, of Ogden Street, Manchester, aforesaid, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The self generating gas burner according to our invention, which is to be combined
with arrangements for supplying the same with oils or combustible liquids under
pressure, is similar to that described in a complete specification filed in application for
à Patent No. 15,328 and dated the 24th day of November 1886, by Roughsedge
Wallwork, one of the present applicants.
Our invention has for its object combinations and arrangements for supplying oils
or combustible liquids, to the burner under pressure, designed more especially to make
the combination or combinations more portable.
One modification of our invention consists of a cistern for oil or combustible liquid,
a cylinder arranged within the cistern for a ram, which has a toothed rack formed on
one side, to gear with a pinion on a short shaft, in bearings on a bracket forming part
of or being attached to the cistern. This short shaft has one end of a coiled spring
secured to it, the other end of which is secured to the frame or bracket, and the short
shaft has a square on its end for a key, by which it can be rotated to wind up the ram
and draw oil from the cistern, through a valve (closing against its return) into the
ram cylinder or barrel, and thus winding up the coiled spring at the same time.
The reaction of this spring forces down the ram and the oil from the ram cylinder
through a valve (which closes against its return) into an air tight tube or cylinder in
which there is a tube from the burner which descends nearly to the bottom of the air
tight tube so that the oil can enter its open lower end.
The oil in the air tight tube compresses the air in it, which compressed air reacts to
keep the supply passing to the burner steady and will continue the supply for a time,
say during the time the ram is being wound up again after it has descended.
If desired the short shaft having the pinion for the toothed rack may be geared with
a separate shaft for the coiled spring, by a
"fusee" and chain or equivalent arrange-
ment, to equilize the pressure of the spring.
According to another modification of our invention two or more ranis and ram
cylinders are used, supplied from the same cistern, and each ram is actuated and has
pressure put upon it by a shaft, spring, pinion and toothed rack, as in the first
modification described.

page_text: Each ram will supply the burner alone, or both will supply it at the same time, and
one will continue the supply, while the other is being wound up.
If desired the same supply arrangements are or may be used for two or more
burners.
Another modification of our invention consists of a closed air tight cistern.
The tube to the burner descends to nearly the bottom of the cistern.
Air is forced into the cistern by a pump to give the required pressure to force the
oil from the cistern up the tube to the burner.
If desired the oil is or may be arranged to pass a regulator valve to keep the
delivery pressure uniform.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, part of the side of the oil cistern being supposed broken
away, to show some of the interior parts, on the line A-B fig. 2, in section.
Fig. 2 is a plan view.
Fig. 3 and fig. 4, are elevations partly in section both taken in a plane at a right
angle to the line AB, fig. 2.
The figs. 1 to 4 inclusive illustrate our double ram modification.
Fig. 5 is an elevation in section the plane of which section is in the line A-B.
fig. 6.
Fig. 6 is a plan view.
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate our single ram modification.
Fig. 7 is an elevation showing our single ram modification, combined with the self
generating burner, with the ram at its lowest or inward position which is the position
in which the rams are shown in figs. 1 and 5.
a, is the cistern which is or may be made of any suitable material, as shown, it is
supposed to be made of sheet metal.
The upper end of the cistern is attached to a cast metal lid or cover b, and to this
lid or cover the internal parts are attached, so that by removing the lid or cover all
the interior parts are withdrawn from the cistern u.
There are brackets a¹, formed upon or attached to the sides of the cistern at its
upper end, for two handles or levers a², on each side, each lever being jointed to the
bracket at a³.
These lever handles a², are shown hanging vertically in figs. 1 and 5.-When in use
they are lifted to the horizontal position, the form of the brackets a preventing them
from lifting higher so that they then form two handles on each side, for one man in
front and another in the rear, to carry the whole apparatus about where required.
In the modification shown by figs. 1 to 4 inclusive there are two ram cylinders c
and in the modification shown by figs. 5 and 6, there is one ram cylinder c.
These cylinders are formed by preference of wrought metal tubing.
At the upper end they are held and kept central by entering a socket formed in
the underside of the cover or lid b, and at the lower end they make a joint with a
plate d, the joint being made by a ring d' of lead or other suitable material placed
between the plate d, and the lower end of the tube c.
The plate d is drawn up firmly against the end of the tubes or ram cylinders c, by
bolts passing from the plate d, to the lid b.
Within or upon the plate d there are valves and valve passages, namely.-
There is an inlet valve 3 in the plate for each ram cylinder for oil to pass from the
cistern a into the ram cylinder c, the valves closing against the return of the oil.
There is also a passage in the plate from each ram cylinder, to an outlet valve d
(one for each ram cylinder) these valves allow oil to pass from the ram cylinders c,
but prevent its return.--There is a screw plug do in the plate d over each outlet
valve d through which access is gained to the valves.
There are passages d' in the plated from the upper or delivery side of the two
valves to a boss which is jointed with the lower end of a tube e, the upper end of
which is secured in the cover b, this pipe or tube e conveying the oil from the ram
cylinders to the burner.
In each ram cylinder c there is a ram f, formed by a bar with four ribs in its
lengthway (see figs. 2 and 6).

page_text: The lower end
of the ram is cylindrical and fits nearly close to the interior of the
packing ring of leather or other suitable material
and screws passing through the ring and screwing
Any other suitable packing arrangement may be
ram cylinder c, and it has a
secured to it by a metal ring
into the end of the ram.
employed.
The face of one longitudinal rib of each ramis toothed and gears with a pinion g
secured on a short shaft g¹ (one for each ram) having its bearing formed by a
bracket g secured to the underside of the lid by a screw g³ (see fig. 3).
The outside end of each shaft g' has one end of a strong spiral spring 9* secured to
it by a screw, hook or other means, and the other end of the spring is secured by a
bolt to the lid (see fig. 3).
The outer end of each shaft g' has a square formed upon it and it comes opposite a
hole formed in the side of the cistern a, through which hole a key can be inserted
upon the said square and thus the shaft g¹ can be rotated.
The longitudinal ribs upon the ram fit or may fit, and pass through a hole in
the lid, and under the lid, there is a bracket secured, or projections are cast on
the lid to carry the axis of a pulley, which comes against one rib of the ram fas
shown, and guides it in its movements and takes any lateral strain consequent upon
the action of the toothed wheel 9 upon the toothed rack.
There is a recess formed in the lid 6 which is covered by a metal web b¹ of fine
mesh, and upon this web the oil is poured which is to pass to the cistern a and thus
all lumps and impurities in the oil are retained upon the surface of the web b¹, and
can be readily removed.
There is a similar web of wire work d³ secured by a ring d to the underside of the
plate so as to still further filter the oil before passing through the inlet to the
ram cylinders.
By rotating the shafts g' the springs are wound up and the rams fat the same
time, the rams drawing in oil from the cistern a into the ram cylinders c.
The reaction of the spring g through the shaft g', wheel g and toothed rack, forces
down the ram and thus the oil from the ram cylinder c, up the pipe e with sufficient
pressure to the burner.
Both rams are not wound up at the same time and are not intended to arrive at
the bottom simultaneously, but one in advance of the other, so that one may be wound
up before the other has arrived at the bottom of its cylinder c, thus there will be a
continuous and uninterrupted supply of oil to the burner.
In the modification of single ram shown by figs. 5 and 6, the construction of the
parts are as described in reference to the modification shown by figs. 1 to 4 inclusive,
except that only one ram is used and that the pipe e through which the oil passes
from the passages in the plate d is within a larger pipe el which is secured to the lid b
as shown so as to be air tight.
When the ram begins to force the oil from its cylinder c it cannot pass into the
annular space e' left between the two pipes e and e¹ without compressing the air
therein, so that when at work the upper part of the annular space e² is filled with
compressed air, which, when oil ceases to pass through the valve d' will force the oil
in the annular space e up the outlet tube e and the quantity of oil thus expelled is
sufficient to supply the burner while the ram is being wound up.
In fig. 7 the cistern a, is shown with the ram fin its lowest position and the supply
pipe e from the cistern is shown connected with the burner h.
There is a cock upon the supply pipe e near the top of the cistern, and there is
or may be a swivel e to which a short pipe e passing to the burner is jointed so that
the burner may
be used in the vertical position as shown in full line, or in the
horizontal position, as shown in dotted line.
The burner shown in fig. 7, is one similar to that illustrated by figs. 15 and 16 of
the said Complete Specification of Roughsedge Wallwork Number 15,328 A.D. 1886.
Fig. 8. is a sectional elevation illustrating the mode of carrying our invention into
effect when air is used as an elastic medium for forcing the oil out of the cistern to
the burner instead of springs.

page_text: The air is imprisoned or enclosed within the cistern above the oil or combustible
liquid, and it is the expansive pressure of such imprisoned or enclosed air, or other
elastic fluid, that forces the oil out of the cistern.
The oil or combustible liquid is or may be first placed in the lamp cistern leaving
sufficient space within the cistern for air, then the air or other clastic fluid is pumped,
or otherwise forced, in to the cistern until the required maximum pressure is attained
to supply oil to the burner or burners.
Or air is or may be forced or pumped into the closed cistern until the required
minimum pressure is attained, and then oil is pumped or forced in, to further compress
the air or elastic fluid to the maximum pressure but leaving a sufficient space for the
air or elastic fluid. If the air imprisoned or enclosed within the cistern is not allowed
to escape a fresh supply of oil or combustible liquid is or may be forced or pumped
into the lamp cistern, thus again compressing the elastic fluid to its previous
maximum without adding any more thereto, and this may be repeated as long as
required, if there is no loss of air pressure.
Or when the closed cistern is empty of oil or combustible liquid, but full of air
or other clastic fluid at ordinary atmospheric pressure, oil or combustible liquid is
or may be pumped or otherwise forced in, when it will compress the imprisoned or
enclosed air to give the required pressure for forcing a part of it out to the burner.
When the oil or combustible liquid used, is of greater specific gravity than water,
and sinks therein, a certain quantity of water may be first forced into the closed
cistern filled with air but otherwise empty to give the minimum pressure and then oil
or combustible liquid may be forced in afterwards to the required extent (which will
float above the oil) to further compress the elastic fluid to the required maximum
extent.
When the oil or combustible liquid is of less specific gravity than water and floats
upon it, then water to a certain depth is or may be forced into the closed cistern, that
is, so much water as will compress the imprisoned air or elastic fluid in the cistern to
give the minimum pressure, then oil or combustible liquid is pumped or forced in;
the pipe from the burner within the cistern in this case only descending to a level,
just above that of the water, so as to be supplied with oil only.
Or both oil or other combustible liquid and air or other clastic fluid are or may be
pumped or forced into the closed cistern or vessel at the same time, the elastic fluid
in quantity sufficient to give the maximum pressure, space enough being left within
the vessel for the imprisoned elastic fluid.
When imprisoned or enclosed air or elastic fluid is used in the lamp cistern
according to our invention, for forcing out the oil or combustible liquid to the burner,
the larger the space for air or elastic fluid left within the lamp cistern, at the maximum
working pressure, and the more uniform will be the pressure at which the combustible
fluid will be supplied to the burner or burners.
A cistern of the shape shown by fig. 8, that is, about 21 inches deep and 1.5 inches
average internal diameter, will give space for enclosed air at a maximum pressure
of 25 to 35 lbs. per square inch (which air may be forced in by a hand pump in a
few minutes) and oil or combustible liquid to supply a large burner equal to
2500 candles for four or five hours, and for a small burner equal to 1000 candles
for seven or eight hours, without further addition of oil or air, or further attention
except an occasional regulation of the cock supplying oil to the burner or burners.
In the illustration shown by fig. S, a is the lamp cistern; el the pipe from the
cistern to the burner, e³ the cock for regulating the supply of oil or combustible
liquid to the burner; e the pipe within the cistern open thereto at its lower end and
extending nearly to the bottom of the interior of the cistern a. i is a cock for
drawing off air or elastic fluid; j is a pressure guage which is or may be used for
showing the pressure of the elastic fluid within the cistern,-k is a cock for emptying
the cistern.
The pump for forcing in air, or other elastic fluid, or oil or other combustible
liquid, may be placed in any convenient position outside or inside the cistern and
attached thereto.

page_text: It is shown in the illustration with the pump barrel within the cistern a,
the upper end of the pump barrel being attached to the upper end of the cistern.
The pump is or may be of any suitable construction but as illustrated the lower
end of the barrel within the cistern has a clack valve attached which will open
from the pump barrel and allow fluid to pass therefrom to the cistern and then close
by a spring.
The piston of the pump is made with an opening or openings within it closed by
a leather flap clack, or other valve, to allow fluid to pass during the upstroke and
then close during the down stroke, thus forcing the fluid below the piston from the
pump barrel into the cistern u.
The upper end of the piston rod of the pump works through a gland packing .
The casting for the gland is connected with the upper end of the pump barrel,
and it has a branch which is or may be screwed to be coupled with the screw
coupling of a flexible hose or other pipe .
The pump handle 18 is at the upper end of the piston rod 13, and when worked up
and down, air will be forced in, and when the free end of the flexible or other pipe
is placed in a bucket or other vessel m, containing oil or combustible liquid, such
liquid will then pass from the bucket or other vessel to the lamp cistern.
There is a clack valve at the free end of the flexible or other pipe which closes
against the return of fluid passing into the pipe.
In the aforesaid Complete Specification No. 15,328, A.D. 1886, air is mentioned as
a means of forcing the oil from the lamp cistern to the burner or burners, but the
air in that case proposed to be used, is air not imprisoned and separated from its
source of supply, but air constantly being supplied to the cistern and kept at
uniform pressure or thereabouts during the whole time the lamp burner is in
operation.
The air or other elastic fluid herein before referred to and employed as and for the
purpose hereinbefore explained, is elastic fluid imprisoned and enclosed within the
lamp cistern, and separated from its source of supply while the lamp is burning, and
diminishes in pressure as the combustible liquid is consumed.
Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation and fig. 10 is an end elevation showing an arrange-
ment of pressure regulating valve, which is or may be used combined with lamp
cisterns, where the combustible liquid is forced from the cistern to the burner by
compressed imprisoned or enclosed air or other elastic fluid.
a, is part of the top of the cistern is a casting which has a boss upon it for the
end of the pipe e to screw in, which descends nearly to the bottom of the inside of
the lamp cistern.
The boss is or may be screwed upon its exterior for a screw nut n¹ to secure the
casting n to the upper end a of the cistern, there being a washer above the screw
nut and a ring n of lead or other suitable soft metal which can be compressed to
some extent by the screw nut to make an air tight joint between the casting n and
end of the cistern a.
Any other convenient mode of securing the casting to, and making a joint between
it and the end of the cistern, may be used, if preferred.
There is a passage n³ in the casting from the pipe e to a valve p, the seating p' of
which is screwed into the casting n, as shown, and there is a passage n* above the
valve p to the pipe e¹ leading to the burner.
Above the valve p there is a diaphragm
of leather or any suitable flexible
material, the margin of which is secured to the casting n by a ring p³ and screws p
passing through holes in the ring p³ and diaphragm p².
The valve spindle på passes through the centre of the diaphragm p² and there is a
disc pe both above and below the diaphragm between which and against a collar p
on the valve spindle the diaphragm is secured by a screw nut p³ screwing upon the
spindle.
The valve spindle passes through a slot or hole in a weighting lever the fulcrum
end of which passes into a slot q in a part p' ascending from the ring p³, the upper
part of which slot q' forms the fulcrum rest for the lever q.

page_text: The ring p³ on the fulcrum side of the lever q is screwed by a bolt p* to a
projection from the casting n, to better resist the action of the lever q.
This lever is loaded to the required extent by a weight or spring, that is, so as to
resist the pressure of the liquid acting upon the valve and its diaphragm p² and
keep the valve open sufficiently to allow combustible liquid to pass to the burner at
about the required pressure.
The upper screwed end of the valve spindle p enters a screwed boss in a
wheel ".
The boss of this wheel can slide freely up and down in a hole in the boss of the
bow between the two sides of the ring p³ and thus allows the valve p to open
and close.
When required the wheel can be rotated to screw and draw the valve close
against its seating and thus stop the supply of combustible liquid and the outlet from
the cistern.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
1. The combination of a ram and cylinder or rams and cylinders with a spring
or springs for supplying oil to lamp burners, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
2. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for supplying oil or com-
bustible liquid to burners, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7, of the drawings, and also by figs. 5, 6 and 7 of the
drawings.
3. The combination of a closed lamp cistern for oil or combustible liquid with
compressed imprisoned or enclosed air or other clastic fluid separated from its source
of supply, for forcing the combustible liquid from the cistern to the burner or burners,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The combination of a pump with a closed lamp cistern for forcing air or other
elastic fluid, or oil or other combustible liquid, or elastic fluid and combustible or
other liquid, the elastic fluid being enclosed in the lamp cistern and separated from
its source of supply, substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. The combination and arrangement of lamp cistern, pump and means of supplying
it with compressed air or other elastic fluid, and combustible or other liquid, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by fig. 8 of
the drawings.
6. The combination of a pressure regulator with a lamp cistern where imprisoned
compressed air or other elastic fluid is used for forcing the combustible liquid from
the cistern to the burner, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.
1 11
T
1007
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.