IMPROVE- SEANTRACITEIDE OF ANIMAL CHARCOAL AND IN THE TREATMENT PROVISIONAL
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John William Ingham of Violet Street, Devons Road
Bow in the County of Middlesex Chemist for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
SEANTRACITEIDE OF ANIMAL CHARCOAL AND IN THE TREATMENT
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Ingham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1882.
JOHN WILLIAM INGHAM of Violet Street Devons Road Bow in the County of
Middlesex Chemist "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANIMAL CHARCOAL
AND IN THE TREATMENT OF THE PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THAT MANUFACTURE"
This Invention relates to the increased production of Ammonia or of Ammoniacal
compounds resulting from the distillation of bones in the manufacture of Animal
charcoal and consists in causing the volatile products of the distillation of the
bones to pass direct from the retort in which such distillation has been effected
and in conjunction with steam into an apparatus which I designate a Sasifier
consisting of retorts chambers or pipes maintained at an elevated temperature and
containing when advisable what is known as Soda Lime whereby an increased
quantity of Ammonia and Ammoniacal products are obtained.
The Ammonia or the ammoniacal products thus resulting are caused to come in
contact with Sulphuric acid in order that Sulphate of Ammonia may be obtained.
The noncondensible products and gases are conducted by preference to a
gasometer and there stored and ready for use either for the purpose of Lighting or
heating.
A further part of my Invention consists in the employment of what is known as
Ivory Black mixed with water (in place of the lime now usually employed) as a
lute for the retaining or preventing the escape of the products of distillation
through the doors of the retorts employed in the manufacture of animal charcoal.
A further part of my Invention consists in the employment of a flange of
vulcanized India Rubber placed upon the lid of the canisters used for the reception
of the animal charcoal when taken out of the Retorts. By this means a close joint
is effected and the admission of air to the charcoal presented or in place of the
India Rubber flange a water joint may be used for the same purpose.
ر

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said John William Ingham in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th May 1883.
JOHN WILLIAM INGHAM of Violet Street Devons Road Bow in the County of
Middlesex Chemist "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANIMAL CHARCOAL
AND IN THE TREATMENT OF THE PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THAT MANUFACTURE "
This Invention has for its especial object the increased production of Ammonia
or of Ammoniacal compounds resulting from the distillation of bones in the
manufacture of Animal Charcoal and consists in causing the volatile products of
the distillation of the bones to pass direct with the least possible amount of
condensation from the retort or retorts in which such distillation has been effected
and in conjunction with steam into an apparatus which I designate a Gasifier
consisting of retorts chambers or pipes maintained at an elevated temperature and
containing what is known as Soda Lime whereby the nitrogenous organic matter is
converted into ammonia and the tarry or oily matters are converted into a permanent
gas so that an increased quantity of Ammonia and Ammoniacal products are
obtained by a direct process.
The Ammonia or the Ammoniacal products thus resulting may be caused to come
into contact with sulphuric acid in order that Sulphate of Ammonia may be
obtained whilst the residual products and gases pass by preference to a gasometer
and are there stored ready for use for lighting or heating or other purpose.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing represent front and back elevations
of an apparatus by which this part of my Invention may be carried into effect.
The Gasifier is shewn as being in duplicate so that the volatile products may be
received thereinto from two benches of retorts but it will be understood that it may
be arranged singly or otherwise and with any number of retorts or vessels in each
as may be convenient-The benches of retorts are indicated at A and B and the
"Gasifier" or apparatus in which the volatile products are treated according to my
Invention is marked C. The said Gasifier is shewn in vertical section in Figure 3-
The said Gasifier has a number of retorts or vessels e¹ eª eª f¹ƒ³ fa gl g³ which are
kept at an elevated temperature by means of furnaces at d-The pipes h¹ h³
respectively lead into the retorts e¹ f' from the mains ab of the benches of
retorts A and B. Pipes or passes i are provided which give communication through
the retorts e e e³ g² g¹ on the one hand and through the retorts f' ƒ ƒ³ g² g¹ on
the other hand-Into each of the retorts e¹ eª f¹ få g² steam jets or branch pipes j
from the steam pipe j pass, the said jets being provided with regulating taps by
which the steam can be allowed to pass into the retorts of the Gasifier in quantities
greater or less according to the nature of the bones in the carbonizing retorts and
the amount of moisture they contain-The steam may be generated in any
convenient or suitable place and let into the steam pipe j.
During the normal working of the Gasifier the volatile products from the bench A
pass through the pipe h¹ to the retort e¹ thence to the retort e thence to the
retort and thence to the retort g³ where they meet the products from the
bench B which products have passed by the pipe h³ into the retort f1 thence into
the retort thence into the retort f* and thence into the retort g2-From the
retort g the products pass into the retort gl and from this they are drawn by an
exhauster 2 through a pipe or pipes into a saturater or saturaters m as hereinafter
described.
Valves are provided at 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 and 9 which can be closed or opened
to cut off or regulate the flow of the Goo Balaging the wa

page_text: cut off from the retorts e e e and the said retorts can then be opened and
recharged during the operation of distillation the Gas which is generated in the
bench A being carried into the retorts f¹ f f g g¹ with the gas generated in the
bench B through the branch pipe k the valve 9 of which is only opened when one
or other of the series of retorts e¹ e e³ or fi ƒ ƒ³ is being recharged-Similarly
the retorts ff f³ may be recharged by closing the valves 3 and 8 and opening
the valve 9-and then the gas generated in the bench B passes by the pipe k with
the gas generated in the bench A through the retorts e¹ e³ e³ g² g¹. To charge the
retorts g g it will be necessary to close the valves 2. 3. 5 and 6 and to open the
valves 1 and 4. Owing to the treatment of the volatile products of distillation in
the Gasifier as aforesaid the nitrogenous organic matter is converted into ammonia
and the tarry and oily matters are converted into permanent gas so that the said
tarry or oily matters when so converted form no impediment to the direct manu-
facture of Ammoniacal compounds for which purposes the gases are drawn by the
exhauster through the pipe 1 and into a vessel or saturator as at m containing
say sulphuric acid so that the ammonia may form sulphate of Ammonia whilst the
remaining permanent gas resulting from the tarry and oily matters passes off by a
pipe n to a Gasometer or other place for lighting heating or other purpose.
I have shewn two pipes leading from the retort g¹ the second pipe leading to a
saturator and Gasometer as in the case of the other pipe but one pipe or more than
two may be employed as may be convenient.
By the hereinbefore described direct process I not only obtain a larger percentage
of aminonia from the bones but I also effect a considerable saving of fuel.
A further part of my Invention consists in the employment of what is known as
Ivory Black mixed with water (in place of the lime now usually employed) as a
lute for retaining or preventing the escape of the products of distillation through
the doors of the Retorts employed in the manufacture of Animal Charcoal.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is-
First The improvements in the manufacture of Animal Charcoal and in the
treatment of the products resulting therefrom consisting in passing the volatile
products of distillation direct from the retort or retorts in which the distillation is
effected into and through a retort or retorts or vessel or vessels containing Soda
lime and constituting what I have herein before termed a Gasifier in which an
elevated temperature is maintained and to some or all of which steam is admitted
whereby the Ammonia or Ammoniacal compounds and permanent Gas can be
obtained by a direct process substantially as herein before described
Second In the manufacture of Animal Charcoal the employment of Ivory Black
mixed with water as a luting for the doors of the retorts for the purpose herein before
described.
In witness whereof I the said John William Ingham have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal this tenth day of May One thousand
JOHN WILLIAM INGHAM (L.S.)