IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION REGULATING THE FUEL
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Carter, of No. 42, Lombard Street, in the
City of London, Gentleman, and Henry Cyrus Symons, of No. 52, Castle
Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Carter and
Henry Cyrus Symons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th December 1854.
We, GEORGE CARTER, of No. 42, Lombard Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, and HENRY CYRUS SYMONS, of Castle Street, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR SUPPLY-
ING AND REGULATING THE FUEL, AIR, WATER, AND STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object increasing the evaporative power and
strength of steam boilers; with apparatus for the better regulation of the various
operations, and for preventing derangement or explosion, and a more perfect
supply and combustion of the fuel in the furnaces for evaporating, distilling,
and heating.
It consists, firstly, in constructing the boiler so as to give greater strength
and more caloric surface, by means of plates or rods passing through the boiler

page_text: plate, such plates being joined to other pièces, forming a cross; or the cross
may be in a solid piece and rivetted to others, or intermediately, by curved or
angular pieces.
Secondly, connecting the internal valves of the feed pump attached to the
boiler to an external rod or lever, whereby in case of derangement they may
be started with facility to continue the constant supply of water.
Thirdly, to indicate the quantity of water, a tube passes through a hole or
stuffing box, having on one end a steam whistle and on the other a float, which
may move the tube and allow the steam to escape through an opening therein,
and in connection with the steam whistle. When preferred to place the indi-
cator or water guage outside the boiler, a communication is made with a water
vessel, to which is attached a beam or spindle, having an arm thereon to indi-
cate the water level, or to actuate a slide or cock, which on being opened
allows the steam to escape through a whistle.
Fourthly, to indicate and regulate the pressure of steam, a tube sliding
through a stuffing box or hole, and having one end inside and the other outside,
made steam-tight, and pressed by a spring or other instrument, will cause a
sliding motion as 'the steam pressure varies. By connecting this tube with the
damper, the draught and heat of the furnace is regulated.
Fifthly, a dangerous steam pressure is prevented by the application of the
expansive properties of metal in such a manner as to heat over the fire, and
passing through the boiler and water a rod, which on being expanded by over-
heating, causes the loose end of rod to press a lever, which then opens a safety
valve.
Sixthly, in supplying fuel to the fire by means of fire bars, having one edge
resting on centre bearings and the other edge moveable, which on being raised
forces the fuel upon the adjoining bars. By alternately raising and depressing
the bars in succession, the fuel is forced forwards and consumed. The fire
bars are connected underneath with gearing, which may be worked by manual
or machine power.
a
Seventhly, in admitting air into any desirable part of a furnace through
series of metal or fire-ware plates, rings, tubes, or discs, having groves or
channels on their sides for the air to traverse, and be emitted from their ends
or edges in numerous jets. The air may enter the channels direct from the
exterior edges, or first pass through a main air passage formed by the series
of rings.
Eighthly, in an improved apparatus for allowing the air to enter freely for a
certain period after fireing, and then to shut it off gradually. This is effected
by means of a valve checked in its closing by the friction of a spring or other

page_text: instrument acting upon a counterweight; or the valves may be connected to a
lever fixed upon a beam which supports two vessels, the upper one being filled
with matter capable of descending by its gravity through an adjustable orifice
(sand or fluid may be advantageously used), and falling gradually into the
lower vessel, and after a certain pause gradually turns the beam and closes
the valve; for the next opening of the valve the same process will be repeated,
by turning the beam until the lower or filled vessel reaches the upper side.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Carter and Henry Cyrus Symons in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
CARTER, of No. 42, Lombard Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, and
HENRY CYRUS SYMONS, of No. 52, Castle Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said George Carter and Henry Cyrus Symons, Her special licence that
we, the said George Carter and Henry Cyrus Symons, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Carter and Henry
Cyrus Symons, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND
FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AND REGULATING THE FUEL, AIR,
WATER, AND STEAM," upon the condition (amongs others) that we, the said
George Carter and Henry Cyrus Symons, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Carter and Henry Cyrus
Symons, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in-what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object increasing the evaporative power and
strength of steam boilers, with apparatus for the better regulation of the
various operations, and for preventing derangement or explosion, and a more
perfect supply and combustion of the fuel in the furnaces for evaporating,
distilling, and heating.
It consists, firstly, in constructing the boiler so as to give greater strength
and more caloric surface, by means of plates or rods passing through the boiler
plate, such plate being joined to other pieces, forming a cross; or the cross may
be in a solid piece, and riveted to others, or intermediately, by curved or angular
pieces.
Secondly, connecting the internal valves of the feed pump attached to the
boiler to an external rod or lever, whereby in case of arrangement they may
be started with facility to continue the constant supply of water.
Thirdly, to indicate the quantity of water, a tube passes through a hole or
stuffing box, having on one end a steam whistle and on the other a float, which
may move the tube, and allow the steam to escape through an opening therein
and in connection with the steam whistle. When preferred to place the indi-
cator or water gauge outside the boiler, a communication is made with a water
vessel, to which is attached a beam or spindle, having an arm thereon to indi-
cate the water level, or to actuate a slide or cock, which on being opened
allows the steam to escape through a whistle.
Fourthly, to indicate and regulate the pressure of steam, a tube sliding
through a stuffing box or hole, and having one end inside and the other outside,
made steam-tight, and pressed by a spring or other instrument, will cause a
sliding motion as the steam pressure varies. By connecting this tube with the
damper, the draught and heat of the furnace is regulated.
Fifthly, a dangerous steam pressure is prevented by the application of the
expansive properties of metal in such manner as to heat over the fire, and
passing through the boiler and water a rod, which on being expanded by
over-heating, causes the loose end of rod to press a lever, which then opens
a safety valve.
Sixthly, in supplying fuel to the fire by means of fire bars, having one edge
resting on centre bearings and the other edge moveable, which on being raised
faces the fuel upon the adjoining bars. By alternately raising and depressing
the bars in succession, the fuel is forced forward and consumed. The fire bars
are connected underneath by gearing, which may be worked by manual or
machine power.

page_text: Seventhly, in admitting air into any desirable part of a furnace through a
series of metal or fire-ware plates, rings, tubes, or discs, having grooves or
channels on their sides for the air to traverse, and be emitted from their ends
or edges in numerous jets. The air may enter the channels direct from the
exterior edges, as first pass through a main air passage formed by the series
of rings.
Eighthly, in an improved apparatus for allowing the air to enter freely for
a certain period after fireing, and then to shut it off gradually. This is effected
by means of a valve checked in its closing by the friction of a spring or other
instrument acting upon a counterweight; or the valve may be connected to a
lever fixed upon a beam which supports two vessels, the upper one being filled
with matter capable of ascending by its gravity through an adjustable orifice
(sand or fluid may be advantageously used), and falling gradually into the
lower vessel, and after a certain pause gradually turns the beam and closes
the valve; for the next opening of the valve the same process will be repeated
by turning the beam until the lower or filled vessel reaches the upper side.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we shall proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a section of boiler plate; Figure 2 is a plan of the same;
Figure 3 shews a section of iron in various forms; Figure 4 is a section of
marine or tubular boiler; Figure 5 shews a plan of a tube; Figure 6 is a
section of the same; and Figure 7 shews a section of a corrugated tube.
In each of these Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same
parts. The iron is strengthened and the heating surface increased by the
projections, crosses, or ribs b, and the corrugations c, which are not continued
to the edge of the plate, to allow for the lap d and rivet e. Figure 3 shews
the manner of joining the plates a, a, to the curved piece f and angular piece g.
To unite these pieces to plates at right angles, we employ malleable cast iron,
moulded to the shape of such pieces, and rivetted in the same manner as angle
iron. The tubes h have ribs bor corrugations e, which are not continued to the
ends i, j, and this plain edge allows for closely fitting the hole in the boiler
plate a, and fixing with rings in the usual way; or the holes in the boiler plate
may be of the shape of the tube, with the wedge rings to correspond for fixing.
kis the furnace, surrounded by the plate a, and heat conductors b; l is the ash-
pit, with a recess at m, m, to protect the bearings of the fire bars, hereafter
described. The ribs b may be of any convenient form, and those on one side

page_text: of the plate may be placed across those on the other side. Instead of ribs b
for increasing the heating surface, a series of spils or cones may be used.
Under the head of our Invention, we claim the use of the iron herein-
before described, and the employment of malleable cast iron in the construction
of steam boilers.
Figure 8 shews a section of the gear for moving the valves of the feed
pump; Figure 9 is a plan of the same. a is the handle; b is a spindle,
which passes through a stuffing box in the valve box c; d is a beam, fixed
on the spindle b; e is a slot on the spil of the valve f, and to which the
beam d is attached. It frequently happens that the steam boiler becomes
deficient of water in consequence of the stopping or sticking of the valves f, f;
then, instead of opening the box c, we merely press down the handle a, when
the internal beam & lifts or opens the valve f; to shut the valve we push
up the handle a. In this manner the water is regulated. The gear for
moving the valves may be modified to suit the construction of the valve box.
Sometimes the handle is merely a rod placed directly above or below the
valve, and when the rod is moved it will open or close the valve, as required.
Care must be taken to make the rod or spindle air-tight where it passes
through the stuffing box.
Under the head of our Invention, we claim the use of a spindle rod or
other instrument to move at pleasure the valves of pumps.
Figure 10 shews a section of a gauge for indicating the height of water in
a steam boiler. a is the boiler plate; b, the float; c, a balance weight, sus-
pended from a chain d, passing over a wheel in the usual manner; e is a
whistle on the top of the tube f, the bottom of which is closed by a screw g,
and the top is open to the whistle e; the steam can only enter into the tube
through the holes h, and will blow the whistle in escaping through it, to indi-
cate that the water in the boiler is low; when the water raises the float b, the
holes h pass outward through the stuffing box, and the steam cannot enter
through them to blow the whistle. The screw 9 is for setting the float to
blow the whistle, to the height of the water required.
Under this head of our Invention, we claim the use of a sliding tube, or
an aperture therein, to permit the passage of the steam to blow the whistle.
Figure 11 shews a front elevation of a water gauge; Figure 12 is an end
view of the same; or shews the vessel or case, suitably connected with the
boiler by a steam and a water pipe or passage, so that the level of the water is
the same in both boiler and case; b is the float, which is moved up or down
by the water, and the arm c gives motion to the spindle d and lever c, which

page_text: moves the slide fover the steam port or passage g, and shuts off the steam.
The apparatus is represented with the float and water low, and the steam
passes through the port g, pipe h, and whistle i, causing a sound to indicate the
water is low. Outside the case, on the spindle d is a pointer j, which shews
the water level. This pointer is a sufficient indication, until the water, from
any negligence or accident, is too low or too high, when the whistle is sounded
by the opening of the steam passage g. This apparatus may be placed within
the boiler and the case dispensed with by passing the end of the axis d
through the boiler plate, and fixing the pipe h with the steam passage g at a
proper distance from it. To support the inner axis of the spindle d, a bracket
or bolt may be fixed in the boiler.
Under this head of our Invention, we claim the apparatus herein described,
or any modification thereof.
Figure 13 shews a section of a pressure gauge, and. when constructed on
a larger scale, a damper regulator. a is the case, with a cover b, through
which slides a tube c, of vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic material; the
ends of the tube are lapped over a solid metal cap d at top, and a ring e at
bottom; the laps are firmly secured by the cap f and ring 9 being bolted to
the corresponding cap d and ring e. h is a bolt which joins the caps d and f,
and the bolt extends through the ring g, which has a cross piece to take the
pressure of the nut i; this nut forces the ring g downward, which keeps the
tube c in place. j is a ring to prevent the collapse of the tube c, and to take
the pressure of the spiral spring . The ring j is fixed to the case a by rods
1,1; the spiral spring presses on the ring g, and keeps the sliding tube in the
case until the pressure of the steam forces it outward. On the cap f is fixed
a pointer m, which points to the scale n. The action of the steam pressing on
the top of the tube d causes the tube c to ascend; the spring g is thereby com-
pressed or shortened to a degree corresponding with the pressure of the steam.
The greater the pressure of the steam, the higher the tube c ascends, and shews
any variation by the scale n. The tube c may be placed in the steam boiler
or
and the case a dispensed with,
water gauge, Figures 11 and 12.
the tube may be placed in the case a of th
We do not confine ourselves to the shape
or position of the spring, provided it presses the tube c inward.
To regulate the damper of a furnace, a chord or chain o is attached to the
rod or bolt h, and passes over the pulleys p, p, to the damper q, which will fall
or be shut by the rising of the tube c, and be opened when the spring k presses
in the tube c; the damper 9 will sometimes require to be counterbalanced by
a weight, which may be attached to the chord.

page_text: Under this head of our Invention, we claim the apparatus and its combina-
tions, as herein-before described.
Figure 14 is a safety apparatus to prevent explosion. a is the boiler; b, a
steam pipe with a chamber c. This chamber contains a hollow sphere or safety
valve a, of vulcanized india-rubber or other flexible material. The sphere d
has a neck e, which is capped over, and firmly fixed to the metal case f and
chamber c. g is a pipe for supplying mercury, water, or other fluid to fill the
sphere d and case f; h is a slide, which on being opened will allow the fluid to
escape through the opening i; j is the slide rod connected with the lever k;
Z is a lever, with the end attached to the heat conductor m, which is fixed
to the boiler plate a; n is a part of the heat conductor, surrounded by water.
The following is the action of the apparatus through the pipe 9; the fluid
is forced by a pump until the surface of the sphere d closely adheres to the
chamber c, so that no steam can escape between them. In this state it remains
until the slide h is opened, when the steam forces out the fluid and collapses the
sphere d, which allows a sudden escape of the steam through the pipe, thus
preventing explosion. The water in the boiler acts upon that part of the heat
conductor n, and keeps it at a proper temperature; but if the water becomes
dangerously deficient, the heat conductor is over-heated by the fire acting upon
the part m, which will expand, and the loose end will press against the lever l,
putting in motion the lever k and slide h, which on being opened permits the
escape of the fluid within, and opens the pipe 6 for the steam in the boiler
to escape freely. When the water in the boiler not deficient, there may still
be a dangerous steam pressure from some other cause; to prevent this danger,
the steam indicator or regulator, Figure 13, may be arranged to open the
safety valve or sphere d, Figure 14, by connecting another slide, similar to h,
to the top of the indicator e, Figure 13, by a chain or lever.
Under this head of our Invention, we claim the apparatus herein described,
with the combinations and applications to which it is adapted.
Figure 15, Plate 2, shews a longitudinal section of a self-feeding furnace;
Figure 16 is a plan of the same; Figure 17 shews a front view; and Figures
18 and 19 is the frames and machinery for working the fire bars. In each of
these Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts. a is the
boiler; b, the furnace; c, the ash-pit; d, the fire bridge; e, e, shews the axis
of the series of fire bars, which are arranged in two sets f and g, and are in
one piece, but here represented broken, to shew the parts below. The bearings
for the axis e, e, are the hollow fire bars h, h, (which are prevented from over-
heating by a stream of air passing through them (on the principle after

page_text: described, and shewn by Figure 22); or the axis of the fire bars may rest on
a frame and be fitted into a recess m, m, in the boiler, Figure 4. The arms
i, i, of the fire bars f, f, are moved together by a frame j, which receives
motion from the lever k; the inner end of the frame j, which receives motion
from the lever k, the inner end of the frame j is supported by a link l.
When the lever is forced inward, the motion allows the fire bars f to drop,
and then the furnace is nearly level. The corresponding gear or arms m, m,
of the fire bars g, g, frame n, lever o, and link p, on being forced outward, raises
the bars g, g; the bars g, g, then force the fuel on to the bars f, f. Continuing
the motion of the cam A would make the bars g, g, to fall; then the bars f, f,
would rise and force the fuel into the bars g, g, and so on, repeatedly feeding
the fuel, and likewise stirring it to effect a more rapid combustion. The edge
of the fire bars being the arch of a circle, keeps them always the same space
apart, and thus prevents the fuel falling through. The air passages to the
under side of the fuel are between the edges of the fire bars, and through
holes or slots on their faces to any required extent. Motion may be given to
the lever and o by suitable on the shafts r, s, and worked by hand for
small furnaces. For large furnaces we prefer to work the apparatus by steam
power, and in steam vessels, or where many furnaces are near together,
employ a separate engine and boiler for that purpose. The steam power is
communicated by the connecting rod t to the handle or lever u, on which is a
catch, to give a ratchet motion to the wheel won the shaft x. The shafts
x, r, and s have their bearings in the frames 18 and 19. Outside the frame 18
is a cam A on the shaft x, which raises the arm B, fixed on the shaft r,
which carries the lever k, and depresses the arm C, fixed on the shaft s, which
carries the lever o. The handle u has a slot D, which allows the connecting
rod t to be placed nearer the centre of the wheel, for feeding the fuel faster,
and to be removed towards the end to feed it slowly. The hopper plate E, on
which the stoker throws the fuel, is placed between the frames 18 and 19.
In Figures 20 and 21 is shewn a frame a, to support the fire bars b, b, of
wrought or cast iron. When the top of the bars b, b, is burnt away, they may
be inverted, and the part c placed upward. The bars b, b, are retained in
place by the frame d, which is secured to the frame a by the bolt and nut f;
the bolt hole of f is a slot, which allows the frame d to be pushed up when
it is required to change the bars b, b.
Under this head of our Invention, we claim the apparatus herein described.
Figure 22 shews a section of fire brick or lumps with the air channels or
passages. a is the body of the brick; b, the air channels, formed by the ribs

page_text: or ridges c; the air can enter at the side d, and take the direction shewn by
the arrow, whereby it will infringe against the ribs c, c, and become highly
heated, at the same time the lump or bar is reduced in temperature, which
makes it more durable. If the air passed through in a direction at right
angles to d, e, it would form a series of jets, and be heated in proportion to the
length of the ribs c. Figure 23 shews the ribs arranged to admit the air in jets.
This arrangement, for obtaining large internal surface for cooling the iron
and heating the air, we apply to the fire bars n, n, of the furnace b, Figure 15.
Figure 23 shews a modification of this principle. The ribs c do not come
between each other, as in Figure 22, but are closer together, and make the air
channels 6 smaller, as may be seen at B, B, in Figure 29.
a
To improve the combustion of small furnaces, we prefer to apply the air
channels as is represented in Figure 24, which is a section of a fire bridge;
and Figure 25 shews a flue or back end view of the same. A, A, are pieces
or plates of iron or fire lump with air channels d, d, formed by the ribs or pro-
jections C, C; the air enters below the bridge, and the direction it takes is
shewn by the arrow. In passing between the ribs C', C, and through the air
channels b, b, the air is heated, and the plates a cooled and made more durable.
The bearing bar d supports the plates a and fire bars c. In some furnaces
we find the gaseous products of combustion are liable to pass into the flue
without being sufficiently heated or mixed with the atmospheric air, in which
case we prefer the following arrangement, wherein Figure 26 shews a section
of plates a, forming fire bars and bridge; and Figure 27 is a flue or end view
of the same. A, A, shews the plates; b, b, the air channels; c, c, the ribs or
projections. The arrow shews the passage for the air which is heated in
passing the ribs c¹, c, and finally leaves the plates through the channels b, b.
The bearing bar d supports the plates A, A, and the solid fire bars e, e; the
space f, f, is to bring the gases into a through mixture with the jets from the
channels b, b.
Under this head of our Invention, we claim the furnace bridge, plates, or
bars with the air channels herein described.
In furnaces of moderate size, which are intended to be fed at intervals with
à large supply of coals each time, we employ a valve for regulating the air
in the following manner:-
a
Figure 28 shews the main air passage which may lead to the fire bridge
of Figure 24. is the valve for closing the passage; c is a chord or chain
connected to the drum or axis d, on which is fixed a toothed wheel e, gearing
into the pinion of the axis g, on which is fixed a wheel h, with a chord or

page_text: chain i, to suspend a weight j; k is a spring with the loose end pressing on
the wheel h. The following is the action of the apparatus:-The valve 6 is
pulled open by the stoker, and allowed to close of itself by the weight j, which
gives motion to the wheels which winds up the chain c; the time will be regu-
lated by the pressure of the spring k on the wheel h. In this way the valve
will be gradually closed. We prefer, however, that the air should not be
checked so quickly, but the air passage allowed to be fully open for a certain
time, and then gradually closed. This latter arrangement is shewn in Figure
29, which is a front sectional view; and Figure 30 is a plan of the same. All
the parts are indicated by the same letters of reference. d shews the case
which may be a fire door; E, E, are air passages in the case d; f is a
circular valve to cover the holes E, E, but here represented open; the valve
f is fixed on a beam or axis g. h and i are two similar vessels, with a
communication between them by the holes j, regulated by a screw k in the
base, which is fixed on the axis g. On the face of the case d is a pin,
supporting a lever m, with a weight n on one end, and a roller o on the
other; the roller presses against a rib or inclined plane p on the valve f.
The shutting of the valve is performed as follows:-The upper vessel or box h
contains sand, which falls through the hole j into the lower box i; if the sand
is regulated is to fall through the hole in ten minutes, it will take about half
that time before enough sand can enter the box i and weigh it down, which is
then done gradually, and carries with it the valve f, closing the air passages
E, E, and thus prevents any further ingress of the air. The turning or shutting
of the valve is retarded by the weight n pressing the roller o against the in-
clined plane p; the operation is repeated by turning the box i, which now
contains all the sand upwards, when it will again fall through the hole j, but
into the box h, and thus shut the valve, as before. We sometimes employ the
valve b, Figure 28, and connect the chain to the arm or lever s, Figures 29
and 30. When the valve is shut, the plates a, which face the fire, become
heated, and this heat is transmitted to the air, when it passes through the
channels b, b. The plates a rest on the lower side of the frame d, and are
kept in place by a bolt passing through them and the frame at t. We some-
times employ corrugated iron u, u, of the cast-iron plates a, a.
We would have it understood that we do not claim the supplying of air to
furnaces through a self-closing valve, which is not new; but what we claim is,
the apparatus herein-before described for that purpose.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention for Improvements in
Boilers and Furnaces, and in the Apparatus for Supplying and Regulating the

page_text: Fuel, Air, Water, and Steam, and the manner of performing the same, we
would have it understood that we make our claim as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Carter and Henry Cyrus
Symons, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.
GEO. CARTER.
(L.S.)
HENRY CYRUS SYMONS. (L.S.)