IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Cornelius, of Old Town Street,
Plymouth, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER."
Sealed the 27th August 1853, and dated the 20th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Cornelius
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th June 1853.
T, RICHARD CORNELIUS, of Old Town St., Plymouth, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER" to be as follows:-
My Invention to facilitate the production of butter is by passing hot
or cold water through the entire churn in metal or other tubes,
thereby giving it the required temperature necessary for its production
at all seasons of the year.

page_text: WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Ifer reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Richard Cornelius, Ifer special licence
that I, the said Richard Cornelius, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Cornelius, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Richard Cornelius, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Cornelius, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
•
My Invention to facilitate the production of butter is by passing hot
or cold water through the entire churn in metal or other tubes,
thereby giving it the required temperature necessary for its production
at all seasons of the year.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, shows a plan in section of a churn constructed according
to my Invention; Figure 2, is a longitudinal section; and Figures 3,
and 4, are two transverse sections taken respectively through the churn
and through the wheel which circulates the water through the beater
In each of these Figures the same letters are used to indicate the same

page_text: parts. a, is the cistern in which the churn b, stands. The churn and
cistern are of an ordinary construction, and may be varied in details.
c, is the beater, which I prefer to be of metal, and made hollow to
admit of the passage of water through it. The form of beater shewn
is that which I prefer, and consists of a bent tube, with the alternate
spaces c', stopped with metal or other material, but the form of the
beater may be varied so long as it is hollow to admit of the passage of
water through it to give warmth to or to abstract heat from the cream,
according to the season and temperature of the surrounding atmosphere
at the time. d, is a wheel of a sort of volute interior, as shewn, so that
it will, in revolving, take up water and deliver it continuously to the
hollow beater, through which it will flow and run off through the open-
ings in the hollow tube e, at the end of the churn. The beater receives
motion by the handle h, on the axis of the wheel d, which axis is
hollow, and has openings into it at the centre of the wheel, and this
axis at its other end is screwed into the end of the beater.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that what
I claim is, the constructing or arranging of the beaters of churns in
such manner that water may be caused to flow through the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Cornelius, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 18th day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
25
Witness,
RICHARD CORNELIUS. (L.S.)
EDWIN BASTARD WHIPPLE,
Gibbons St.,
Plymouth.