IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES" Communicated to him from abroad by Daniel Alfred Schuyler
and Frank Goodyear Waterhouse both of New York in the County and
State of Now Vark United States of Amarine
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1882.
"IMPROVE-
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
MENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES" (A Communication to me from
abroad by Daniel Alfred Schuyler and Frank Goodyear Waterhouse both of
New York in the County and State of New York, United States of America)
The first part of this Invention relates to a novel arrangement of the armature
coils in a dynamo electric machine and a new plan of connecting the coils to one
another and to the commutating devices of the machine.
The invention consists in dividing the coils or helices on the armature into sets
of four the coils in each set being disposed symmetrically with relation to one
another, in such a way that each coil of a set is placed at an angle of 90 degrees
from its two neighbouring coils in the same set and diametrically opposite to the
remaining coil of the set. If the armature contained S bobbins or coils there would
be two sets of coils of 4 bobbins each and the bobbins or helices of one set would
be placed between bobbins or helices of the other. If the armature be divided
into 12 bobbins, its bobbins would be arranged in 3 sets, and any 3 contiguous
bobbins would belong each to a separate set or group but in every case the bobbins
of each group would be spaced and disposed with relation to one another in the
mauner already described. Each set or group is provided with a separate com-
mutator ring or cylinder, and one end of each helix or bobbin in a set is connected
to a separate plate or segment of the coininutator. With the arrangement of field
of force poles herein indicated diametrically opposite bolibins would be connected
to diametrically opposite segments. The remaining ends of the coil are bunched or
in permanent electrical connection with one another.

page_text: Commutator brushes are so applied, or the segments of the commutator are of such
length that each bobbin or helix is connected to the commutator or brush during
its movements from one neutral point to the other, the length of time during which
it shall be in circuit and during which it shall be cut out or disconnected at the
neutral point, being a matter to be determined by trial. Excellent results are
however obtained by keeping the coil connected through approximately 135 degrees
of revolution as it passes from one neutral point to the other. The armature coils
may consist of any desired number of bobbins capable of division by the factor,
but excellent results are obtained by the use of 8 bobbins divided with two sets
of each, each set being suitably connected to the segments of an independent
commutator ring in the manner to be described, said commutator ring being provided
with the ordinary positive and negative collecting brushes.
The bed plate of the machine supports ordinary field of force magnets joined by
the ordinary pole pieces between which and a similar pole piece on the other side of
the machine revolves the armature of the machine mounted on a shaft. The
armature may be a ring armature of the well known form wound with S independent
bobbins divided into 2 sets of 4 bobbins each.
There are two metal connecting rings or plates one for each set of coils, said rings
or plates being of any desired form and suitably connected to the armature shaft
so as to revolve with it.
There are say 4 bobbins or helices in the same set on the revolving armature
and corresponding quadrantal segments in one ring of the commutator to which
segments the same ends of the bobbins are connected in any of the well known
ways for instance through the hollow armature shaft. The remaining free ends of
the bobbins are merged in the common electrical joint or connection by being
connected to a ring.
The bobbins of one set are disposed symmetrically with relation to one another
and occupy positions upon the ring at angles of 90 degrees from one another. They
revolve in the ordinary way between curved pole pieces so that the single bobbin
or the two bobbins to one side of a neutral line will be generating current of one
polarity while the bobbin or bobbins on the opposite sides will be generating current
of the opposite polarity. The remaining 4 bobbins of the arinature are located
symmetrically with relation to one another and to the first set of bobbins. They
are connected in the same manner as the first set to a common ring or connection
and to the segments of an independent commutator displaced with relation to the
commutator of the first set by an angle of 45 degrees. If the armature contain
12 bobbins, each set of four would be connected in a similar way to its independent
commutator which together with the set of connected bobbins would in this case
be displaced from its neighbouring set by an arc of 30 degrees as will be readily
understood.
The double commutator brushes of one commutator cylinder are electrically
connected to one another in the well known way.
If the first named armature coils thus connected to one another and to the
commutator revolve between two curved pole pieces of field of force magnets two
opposite coils will when generating current at all, be generating currents of opposite
polarity and will be connected simultaneously to the opposite brushes.
While
either pair of opposite bobbins is passing from one neutral point to the other and
is generating current, the other pair will for a portion of the time be cut out, their
time of cut out being while the first named pair is at the centre of its arc of
revolution passing from one neutral point to the other and for a space on each side
of that centre.
In the arc of revolution immediately succeeding and preceding the neutral point,
each bobbin will simultaneously with a bobbin at right angles thereto be connected
to the same commutator brush, one of the two bobbins thus simultaneously
connected being just about to leave the brush at one neutral point and the other
having just left the neutral point and begun to generate current.
The length of time during which a single bobbin is connected to a brush and

page_text: during which two contiguous bobbins are simultaneously connected to a brush,
obviously depend upon the length of the commutator segments and the compass
of the brushes. It is found that good results are attained by constructing and
proportioning the parts of the commutator so that each pair of opposite bobbins is
in circuit alone during say 45 degrees of revolution at the centre of the arc of
revolution in which current is taken from it, two bobbins being connected simul-
taneously in the remaining portion of the are. Under such an hypothesis it would
be necessary to so construct the commutator that each segment should be connected
to a commutator brush through an are of revolution of 135 degrees. Each bobbin
would then be in circuit with its opposite bobbin only in the central 45 degrees of
its circular path opposite the commutator brushes. In the 45 degrees preceding
the central portion of the whole arc, it would be connected simultaneously with
the bobbin ahead of it to the commutator brush. In the 45 degrees following the
central portion it would be connected simultaneously with its following bobbin.
If the commutator be so constructed that the segment will be connected through
a longer are, the arc in which it and its joined bobbin will be connected to the
outside circuit independently of the contiguous bobbin of the set will be shorter.
There is however no limitation as to any particular proportions. In the operation
of the machine it will be readily understood that the circuit of but a single pair
of bobbins is broken at a time and that it is practically impossible to interrupt
the current generated in more than one bobbin at the same time since it is
impossible to so construct the parts that the opposite plates of the commutator
shall leave their brushes at exactly the same moment. In practice one will leave
at an instant before the other, but the current from the bobbin whose plate remains
for the instant connected is not broken at the same time because the current finds
a path through the common neutral connection to that bobbin of its set which is
for the time being generating an opposite current. It will be observed also that
this arrangement of the bobbins the total current generated or supplied by the
machine is never interrupted at the commutator and the formation of large and
injurious sparks is impossible. With two or more sets of bobbins in the armature
the same considerations apply to each set. The current generated to the two sets
may be collected in any desired manner. If the segments of one commutator or
ring is displaced from those of the other by an angle equal to the relative displace-
ment of the two sets the brushes of the two rings are set on the same line. The
brushes may however, be displaced the breaks in the two commutator rings then
being in line with one another.
The construction and mounting of the brushes is a matter of choice.
When the independent sets of + are connected for supplying an intensity current
the positive brush of one cominutator is connected to the negative brush of the
next.
By this arrangement the efficiency of the machine in the practical operation
of running a number of electric lamps in series is greatly increased. If quantity
effects are desired the two positive brushes are connected to one another and also
the two negative. If desired two brushes broad enough to cover both commutator
cylinders may be employed instead of the 4 brushes just described.
The connections of the field of force magnets and the commutator are made in
the ordinary way.
The lower cominutator brushes are connected to one end of the field magnet
coils, the other end of the latter being connected to a binding post for one terminal
of the general or working circuit the upper brushes being connected to the other
terminal of said circuit.
This part of the Invention is readily applicable to other forms of machine besides
ring arinature machines and may be readily applied to machines already built, it
only being necessary to apply a suitable commutator and make the connections
thereto in the manner described.
This part of the Invention is not limited to what are known as Dynamo Electric
Machines or self accumulators as it may also be applied to that class of machines

page_text: in which the field of force is maintained by permanent magnets or by electric
magnets energized by a current independent of that generated in the armature.
All the coils of the armature may even be included in the 4 separate bobbins
using of course only the commutator cylinder with its 14 plates or segments.
It is generally preferable however to divide the coils into sets of bobbins of
four each.
Another part of this Invention consists of an arrangement of Dynamo Electric
Machine in which the armature coils are stationary instead of movable, the
armature alone moving in the space between the ordinary field of force poles.
By a suitable modification of the machine a working current that is for all
practical effects, a current continuously in the same direction, may be obtained
without the use of a commutator.
This part of the Invention embodies as its three elements,-
1 Field of force magnets of any ordinary or suitable construction.
2nd Stationary coils of wire wound or placed over the spaces between field.
of force poles of opposite polarity, and transversely to the line joining said poles.
3rd An armature or armatures of some magnetic material alternately introduced
beneath the coils and withdrawn by any suitable mechanical means, the parts
being so disposed with relation to one another that the armature when in position
beneath the coils shall connect or bridge the space between two pole pieces of
opposite polarity; these three elements being combined in the special manner to be
set forth.
The armature is constructed and moved in such a way that it shall be introduced
gradually and with comparative slowness into the space between the pole pieces
of opposite polarity so that the change of magnetic condition or intensity beneath
the stationary coils being slow, very little if any current shall be set up in said coils,
but that it shall be suddenly withdrawn from the position in which the space beneath
the coils and between the field poles is completely bridged this producing a sudden
and violent current in the coils of great intensity with relation to that produced
by the introduction of the armature so that the forner will in effect constitute
the working current and if the successive introductions and withdrawals of tho
armature recur with sufficient rapidity a practically continuous working current
will be produced of a polarity due to the withdrawals of the armature.
The curved pole pieces of field force magnets of any desired construction may be
permanent magnets, but are by preference Electro magnets energized either from
an independent source of electricity, or by the currents produced in the machine
itself, after the well known manner said currents being converted before they
pass to the field magnets into currents of the same direction by the use of a
commutator.
These pole pieces are connected by plates of some non-magnetic material which
serve to support and hold stationary coils in position over the field of force spaces
between the pole pieces and which are secured in place to the field of force magnets
themselves by any suitable means or are supported and mounted in any other
proper manner.
The said stationary coils are wound continuously over the two field of force
spaces and transversely to the line joining the field of force poles, the layer of
wire over said spaces being substantially parallel to the armature axis and there-
fore passing through the plane of rotation of the armature at right angles thereto in
the same way as if they were wound over said armature from end to end in the
ordinary way. Their ends are connected in any of the usual ways either to the
proper ends of other coils, so as to reinforce the currents in the latter, or are
led to a commutator for straightening the currents produced in said coils, or
in case alternating currents are desired they are carried directly to the working
circuits.
Two armatures are connected to the shaft by spokes and a hub of some non-
magnetic material and are revolved with the shaft The machine is operated in
the usual manner by the application of any suitable power to give continuous

page_text: rotation to the shaft so that the armatures are alternately introduced into and
withdrawn from the circumferential spaces between the field poles causing currents
of one polarity to be produced in the coils as they approach the point where they
are midway between the poles and currents of the opposite polarity as they pass
away from that point.
It is obvious that a larger or smaller number of field of force magnets might be
employed.
Eight magnet poles disposed alternately north and south, would give eight field
spaces allow of the employment of four coils or helices. Said coils could be woundl
in any desired order or combination over the field of force spaces; four field poles
may be employed and the four coils be wound over the spaces between the pole
pieces and the four armatures act as before to set up alternate currents in said
helices as they alternately lap, and are withdrawn from the spaces between the
edges of the pole pieces and beneath the coils when it is desired to commutate the
currents from the stationary coils there may be metallic discs as many in number
as there are free ends of the stationary coils and which revolve with the armature
shaft and are insulated from said shaft and from one another with a corresponding
number of stationary brushes supported in any suitable manner which bear upon
the discs as they revolve and to which the free ends of the stationary coils are to
be connected in any desired order according to the effects which it is desired to
produce. From the insulated dises separate wires lead to the separate commutator
segments or plates of the commutator proper which latter is provided with the
usual collecting brushes.
The wire from any disc is insulated in the usual way from the other disc at the
point where it passes through them.
In order to set up in the coils currents that are for all practical effects all in the
same direction armatures may be used having their forward ends curved gradually
inwards so that the space beneath the coils is gradually bridged by the material of
the armature and the condition of complete bridging being reached by degrees
comparatively no effect is produced in the coils.
As the armature passes on however, the bridging portion of the same, that is the
portion included between the opposite outer points of the two armatures is
abruptly withdrawn and a sudden change of magnetic condition being produced
an intense current is set up.
If the movements be sufficiently rapid the latter currents will follow one another
with sufficient rapidity to produce a practically continuous current of one polarity.
It is obvious that this construction of armature and this mode of operation
might be applied to other constructions of machine.
It is apparent that other forms of field magnets and other shapes of field magnet
poles may be used without departing from the spirit of the Invention and also
that other forins of armature may be employed and that said armature may be
inade to move in other ways and on other lines for the purpose of introducing it
into and withdrawing it from the field spaces beneath the coils.
A simple form of magneto machine adapted to produce either alternating or
continuous currents is as follows:
Standards or uprights of non-magnetic material support both the armature shaft
and the field of force magnets. Four such magnets may be conveniently employed
said magnets being arranged parallel to one another and to the shaft of machine
and provided with inwardly projecting pole pieces.
The armature consists of a core of iron wound in the ordinary manner with
coils of wire the ends of which are carried through the shaft of the machine to any
ordinary commutator. The core forms the shaft of the machine and is therefore
parallel to the magnets. It is provided with radial pole extensions which pass in
close proximity to the pole pieces of the magnet when the shaft revolves. The
polarities of the field magnets are opposite alternately. In one position of the
armature the pole pieces at one end of the machine act together inductively upon
the armature shaft with a polarity the opposite from those at the other and the

page_text: poles at the two ends conspire to make the armature a magnet with a south pole
at the right and a north pole at the left.
As the armature revolves the extensions pass around to a position where both
south poles at the right hand end of the machine will act in conjunction with
the two north poles at the opposite end to reverse the polarity of the armature.
In these movements of the armature a current of a certain polarity will be set up
as is well understood and during the next quarter revolution of the armature its
polarity being reversed again a current of the opposite polarity will be produced
in its coils. Owing to the arrangement of the parts the inductive action upon
the armature is very strong while moreover the construction is exceedingly
simple.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
23rd December 1882.
33
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES A Communication to me
from abroad by Daniel Alfred Schuyler and Frank Goodyear Waterhouse both of
New York in the County and State of New York United States of America
The first part of this invention relates to a novel arrangement of the armature
coils in a dynamo electric machine and a new plan of connecting the coils to one
another and to the commutating devices of the machine.
The invention consists in dividing the coils or helices on the armature into sets
of four, the coils in each set being disposed symmetrically with relation to one
another in such a way that each coil of a set is placed at an angle of ninety
degrees from its two neighbouring coils, in the same set, and diametrically opposite
the remaining coil of the set. If the armature contained eight bobbins or coils,
there would be two sets of coils of four bobbins each and the bobbins or helices
of one set would be placed between bobbins or helices of the other. If the armature
be divided into twelve bobbins, its bobbins would be arranged in three sets, and
any three contiguous bobbins would belong each to a separate set or group, but in
every case the bobbins of each group would be spaced and disposed with relation
to one another in the manner already described. Each set or group is provided
with a separate commutator ring or cylinder, and one end of each helix or bobbin
in a set is connected to a separate plate or segment of the commutator. With the
arrangement of field of force poles herein indicated diametrically opposite bobbins
would be connected to diametrically opposite segments. The remaining ends of the
coils are bunched, or in permanent electrical connection with one another.
Commutator Brushes are so applied, or the segments of the commutator are of
such length that each bobbin or helix is connected to the commutator brush during
its movements from one neutral point to the other, the length of time during which
it shall be in circuit, and during which it shall be cut out or disconnected at the
neutral point, being a matter to be determined by trial.
It has been found however,
that excellent results are obtained by keeping the coil connected through approxi-
mately 135 degrees of revolution as it passes from one neutral point to the other.
The armature coils may consist of any desired number of bobbins capable of
division by the factor 4. It has however been found that excellent results are
obtained by the use of 8 bobbins divided with two sets of 4 cach, each set being
suitably connected to the segments of an independant commutator ring in the
manner to be described, said commutator ring being provided with the ordinary
positive and negative collecting brushes.
In the accompanying drawing, figure 1 is an elevation of a machine enbodying
this invention.
Figure 2 illustrates the manner of dividing and connecting the bobbins to one
another and to the commutator.
Figure 3 shows the 4 bobbins of a single set only, as connected to one another
and to the commutator.
Figure is an end view of the commutator segments and the brushes applied
thereto so as to preserve the connection between each pair of collecting brushes
on the same side of the commutator and the segment connected to a bobbin
during about 135 or 140 degrees of revolution of the bobbin, and to also preserve
the general continuity of the current collected from the inachine.

page_text: Figure 5 illustrates one method that may be employed for connecting the
brushes and commutator of one set of armature bobbins to the brushes of
another set so that the current from the two sets shall be combined for tension.
Figure 6 is an end view of the commutator of the machine.
Referring to figure 1, K represents the bed plate of the machine, supporting
ordinary field of force magnets, two of which only are shown at L, M, joined by
the ordinary pole piece N, between which and a similar pole piece on the other side
of the machine revolves the armature of the machine mounted on a shaft. The
armature itself is in the present instance supposed to be a ring armature of the
well known form wound with 8 independent bobbins divided into 2 sets of
4 bobbins.each.
T and W indicate two metal connecting rings or plates one for each set of coils,
said rings or plates being of any desired form and suitably connected to the
armature shaft so as to revolve with it. The posts upon which the armature shaft
is mounted are indicated by the numeral 7, while O indicates the commutator of the
machine.
Referring to figure 3, A, B, C, D, represent the four bobbins or helices in the
same set on the revolving armature and a, b, c, d, corresponding quadrantal
segments in one ring of the commutator O, to which segments the same ends of
the bobbins are connected in any of the well known ways. In the present case, as
indicated in Figure 1, the connections from the bobbins are taken through the
hollow armature shaft. The remaining free ends of the bobbins are merged in the
common electrical joint or connection by being connected to a ring W,
The bobbins A, B, C, D, of one set are disposed symmetrically with relation to
one another and occupy positions upon the ring at angles of ninety degrees from
one another. They revolve in the ordinary way between curved pole pieces, such
as are indicated in Figure 2. by the letters N, S, so that the single bobbin, or the
two bobbins to one side of a neutral line will be generating current of one polarity,
while the bobbin or bobbins on the opposite sides will be generating current of the
opposite polarity. The remaining four bobbins of the armature are located
symmetrically with relation to one another and to the first set of bobbins A, B, C, D,.
They are indicated in Figure 2 by the letters E, F, G, H, and are connected in the
same manner as the first set to a common ring or connection T, and to the segments
of an independent commutator displaced with relation to the commutator of the
first set by an angle of 45 degrees as indicated by the dotted lines figures +
and 6 which lines show the position of the insulating space between the segments.
If the armature contains 12 bobbins, each set of four would be connected in a
similar way to its independent commutator, which together with its set of
connected bobbins would, in this case, be displaced from its neighbouring set by an
are of 30 degrees as will be readily understood.
In figure 4, 5, 5 and 6, 6, represent the double commutator brushes of one
commutator cylinder 5, 5, being electrically connected to one another in the well
known way, and constituting for instance the negative brush and 6, 6, the
positive brush.
If the first named armature coils A, B, C, D, thus connected to one another and
to the commutator revolve between two curved pole pieces of field of force magnets
two opposite coils B, D, or A, C, will, when generating current at all, be generating
currents of opposite polarity and will be connected simultaneously to the opposite
brushes. While either pair of opposite bobbins as for instance the pair B, D,
is passing from one neutral point to the other and is generating current, the other
pair A, C, will for a portion of the time be cut out; their time of cut out being
while the first named pair B, D, is at the centre of its arc. of revolution passing
from one neutral point to the other and for a space on each side of that centre as
will be seen by a consideration. of the conditions.
In the are of revolution immediately succeeding and preceeding the neutral point,
cach bobbin B, or D, will simultaneously with a bobbin A, or C, at right angles
thereto be connected to the same commutator brush one of the two bobbins thus

page_text: simultaneously connected being just about to leave the brush at one neutral point
and the other having just left the neutral point and begun to generate current.
The lengths of time during which a single bobbin is connected to a brush and
during which two contiguous bobbins are simultaneously connected to a brush
obviously depend upon the length of the commutator segments and the compass of
the brushes. It is found that good results are attained by constructing and pro-
portioning the parts of the commutator, so that each pair of opposite bobbins is in
circuit alone during say 45 degrees of revolution at the centre of the arc of
revolution in which current is taken from it, two bobbins being connected
simultaneously in the remaining portion of the are. Under such an hypothesis it
would be necessary to so construct the commutator that each segment should be
connected to a commutator brush through an arc of revolution of 135 degrees.
Each bobbin would then be incircuit with its opposite bobbon only in the central
45 degrees of its circular path opposite the commutator brushes. In the 45 degrees
preceeding the central portion of the whole arc, it would be connected simultaneously
with the bobbin ahead of it to the commutator brush. In the 45 degrees following
the central portion it would be connected simultaneously with its following bobbin.
This will be readily seen from a mathematical consideration of the conditions.
If the commutator be so constructed that a segment will be connected through a
longer arc, the arc in which it and its joined bobbin will be connected to the outside
circuit independently of the contiguous bobbins of the set will be shorter. There
is however no limitation as to any particular proportions. In the operation of
the machine it will be readily understood that the circuit of but a single pair of
bobbins is broken at a time and that it is practically impossible to interrupt the
current generated in more than one bobbin at the same time, since it is impossible
to so construct the parts that the opposite plates of the commutator shall leave
their brushes at exactly the same moment. In practise one will leave at an
instant before the other, but the current from the bobbin whose plate remains for
the instant connected is not broken at the same time, because its current finds
a path through the common neutral connection to that bobbin of its set which is
for the time being generating an opposite current. It will be observed also, that
with this arrangement of the bobbins the total current generated or supplied by
the machine is never interrupted at the commutator and the formation of large and
injurious sparks is impossible. With two or more sets of bobbins in the armature
the same considerations apply to each set. The current generated in the two sets
may be collected in any desired manner. If the segments of one commutator ring
are displaced from those of the other by an angle equal to the relative displacement
of the two sets the brushes of the two rings are set on the same line as indicated.
The brushes may however, be displaced the breaks in the two commutator rings
then being in line with one another.
The construction and mounting of the brushes is a matter of choice.
་
In Figure 5 is shown the manner in which the independent sets of four are
connected for supplying an intensity current. The positive and negative brushes
of the separate commutators are indicated by the usual signs + and and the
positive brush of one commutator is connected to the negative brush of the next.
By this arrangement the efficiency of the machine in the practical operation of
running a number of electric lamps in series is greatly increased. If quantity effects
are desired the two positive brushes are connected to one another and also the
two negative. If desired two brushes broad enough to cover both commutator
cylinders may be employed instead of the 4 brushes just described. The connections
of the field of force magnets and the commutator are made in the ordinary way.
As indicated in Figure 1, the lower commutator brushes are connected to one end
of the field magnet coils the other end of the latter being connected to a binding
post for one terminal of the general or working circuit, the upper brushes being
connected to the other terminal of said circuit.
This part of the Invention is readily applicable to other forms of machines
besides ring armature machines and may be readily applied to machines already

page_text: built, it only being necessary to apply a suitable commutator and make the con-
nections thereto in the manner described.
This part of the invention is not limited to what are known as dynamo electric
machines or self accumulators as it may also be applied to that class of machines
in which the field of force is maintained by permanent magnets or by clectro-
magnets energized by a current independent of that generated in the armature.
All the coils of the armature may even be included in the 4 separate bobbins,
using of course only the one commutator cylinder with its 4 plates or segments;
it is generally preferable however to divide the coils into sets of bobbins of four
eucli.
Another part of this Invention consists of an arrangement of dynamo electric
machine in which the armature coils are stationary instead of movable, the armature
alone moving in the space between the ordinary field of force poles. By a suitable
modification of the machine a working current that is for all practical effects, a
current continuously in the same direction may be obtained without the use of a
commutator
This part of the invention embodies as its three elements.
1 Field of force magnets of any ordinary or suitable construction.
2nd Stationary coils of wires wound or placed over the spaces between field of
force poles of opposite polarity, and transversely to the line joining said poles
3rd An armature or armatures of some magnetic material alternately introduced
beneath the coils and withdrawn, by any suitable mechanical means the parts being
so disposed with relation to one another that the armature when in position beneath
the coils shall connect or bridge the space between two pole pieces of opposite
polarity these three elements being combined in the special manner to be set
forth.
The Invention further consists in constructing or moving the armature in such a
way that it shall be introduced gradually and with comparative slowness into the
space between the pole pieces of opposite polarity so that the change of magnetic
condition or intensity beneath the stationary coils being slow, very little if any
current shall be set up in said coils, but that it shall be suddenly withdrawn from
the position in which the space beneath the coils and between the field poles is
completely bridged this producing a sudden and violent current in the coils of great
intensity with relation to that produced by the introduction of the armature so
that the former will in effect constitute the working current and if the successive
introductions and withdrawals of the armature recur with sufficient rapidity, a
practically continuous working current will be produced of a polarity due to the
withdrawals of the armature.
Figure 7 illustrates in side view and partial vertical section so much of a
dynamo electric machine constructed according to this invention as is necessary to
an understanding of its novel principles.
Figure S is a side view of a modification.
Figure 9 shows a modification adapted for the production of continuous currents
without the use of a commutator.
Figure 10 illustrates a construction of device to be employed when it is
desired to commutate the currents from the stationary coils. Referring to Figure 7
N. S. indicate the curved pole pieces of field of force magnets, of any desired
construction, which may be permanent magnets, but are by preference electro
magnets energised either from an independent source of electricity, or by the
currents produced in the machine itself, after the well known manner, said currents
being converted before they pass to the field magnets into currents of the same
direction by the use of a commutator B B represent plates of some non-
magnetic material, which serve to support and hold stationary coils CC in
position over the field of force spaces between the poles N. S and which are
Secured in place to the field of force magnets themselves by any suitable means or
are supported and mounted in any other proper manner.
The coils C, C, are wound continuously, over the two field of force spaces and

page_text: transversely to the line joining the field of force poles, the layers of wire over said
spaces being substantially parallel to the armature axis and therefore passing
through the plane of rotation of the armature at right angles thereto in the same
way as if they were wound over said armature from end to end in the ordinary
way. Their ends are connected in any of the usual ways either to the proper ends
of other coils, so as to reinforce the currents in the latter, or are led to a commutator
for straightening the currents produced in said coils or in case alternating currents
are desired they are carried directly to the working circuits. These being details
well known and understood in the art, and capable of many well known and obvious
variations need not be herein particularly described.
The revolving shaft of the machine is shown in section at E, F F aro
armatures connected to said shaft and revolved therewith by spokes and a hub of
some non-magnetic material and are revolved with the shaft.
The machine is operated in the usual manner by the application of any suitablo
power to give continuous rotation to the shaft E so that the armatures F are
alternately introduced into and withdrawn from the circunferential spaces between
the field poles causing currents of one polarity to be produced in the coils C, C, as
they approach the point where they are midway between the poles, and currents of
the opposite polarity as they pass away from that point.
It is obvious that a larger or smaller number of field of force, magnets might be
employed.
Eight maguet poles disposed alternately north and south, would give eight field
spaces and allow of the employment of four coils or helices like Č C. Said coils
could be wound in any desired order or combination over the field of force spaces.
In figure S is illustrated a machine in which four field poles are employed. The
coils C, C, D, D, are wound over the spaces between the pole-pieces as indicated,
and the four armatures F, F, H, H, act as before to set up alternate currents in
said helices as they alternately lap and are withdrawn from the spaces between the
edges of the pole pieces and beneath the coils.
Figure 10 illustrates a device that may be employed when it is desired to
commutate the currents from the stationary coils; M, M, M, M represent metallic
dises of which there may be as many as there are free ends of the stationary coils,
and which revolve with the armature shaft, and are insulated from said shaft and
from one another.
N N N N represent stationary brushes supported in any suitable manner
which bear upon the discs as they revolve, and to which the free ends of the
stationary coils are to be connected in any desired order according to the effects
which it is desired to produce. From the insulated dises separate wires P P lead
to the separate commutator seginents or plates of the commutator proper which
latter is provided with the usual collecting brushes.
The wire P from any disc is insulated in the usual way from the other discs at
the point where it passes through them.
In Figure 9 is shown a form of armature adapted to set up in the coils C C
currents that are for all practical effects all in the same direction.
The armatures moving in the direction of the arrow, their forward ends are
curved gradually inwards as shown, so that the space beneath the coils is
gradually bridged by the material of the armature and the condition of
complete bridging being reached by degrees comparatively no effect is produced in
the coils.
As the armature passes on however, the bridging portion of the same that is
the portion included between the opposite outer points m m of the two armatures
is abruptly withdrawn, and a sudden change of magnetic condition being produced
an intense current is set up.
If the movements be sufficiently rapid the latter currents will follow one another
with sufficient rapidity to produce a practically continuous current of one polarity.
It is obvious that this construction of armature and this inode of operation
might be applied to other constructions of machine.

page_text: It is apparent that other forms of field magnets and other shapes of field magnet
poles may be used without departing from the spirit of the invention and also
that other forms of armature may be employed and that said arinature may be
made to move in other ways and on other lines for the purpose of introducing it
into and withdrawing it from the field spaces beneath the coils.
The invention consists thirdly in a novel and simple form of magneto-electric
machine adapted to produce either alternating or continuous currents is as
follows.
Figure 11 is an end view of the armature and the field of force magnet pole-
pieces.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machine.
Figure 13 is a longitudinal section of the machine the field magnets being
removed.
Standards or uprights of non-magnetic material ff, support both the armature
shaft and the field of force magnets in the manner shown. Four such magnets
are employed in the machine here indicated, said magnets being arranged parallel
to one another and to the shaft of the machine and provided with inwardly
projecting pole pieces g g all as shown.
The armature consists of a core of iron k, wound in the ordinary manner with
coils of wire, the ends of which are carried through the shaft of the machine as
indicated in Figure 13 to any ordinary commutator t. The core forms the
shaft of the machine and is therefore parallel to the magnets h. It is provided
with radial pole extensions which pass in close proximity to the pole pieces of
the magnet, when the shaft revolves. The polarities of the field magnets are as
indicated by the letters n, 8 Figures 10, 11, and 12. In the position, of the
armature shown in Figure 12 the pole pieces g, g, at one end of the machine act
together, inductively upon the armature shaft with a polarity n the opposite from
those at the other, and the poles at the two ends conspire to make the armature a
magnet with a south pole at the right and a north pole at the left.
As the armature revolves its extensions pass around to a position where both
south poles at the right hand end of the machine will act in conjunction with the
two north poles at the opposite end to reverse the polarity of the armature. In
these movements of the armature a current of a certain polarity will be set up, as is
well understood and during the next quarter revolution of the armature its polarity
being reversed again, a current of the opposite polarity will be produced in its coils.
Owing to the arrangement of the parts, the inductive action upon the armature is
very strong, while moreover the construction is exceedingly simple.
Having now described the nature of this invention and in what manner tho
same is to be performed I declare that I claim as the Invention communicated
to me.
First:—The combination with four armature bobbins disposed symetrically with
relation to one another in a field formed by a positive and a negative pole piece, of
a commutator cylinder provided with separate plates or segments to which the
same ends of the bobbins are separately connected, positive and negative collecting
brushes bearing on said cylinder, and a common ring or electrical joint to which the
other ends of the bobbins are connected substantially as described with reference
to Figures 1 to 6.
Second-An armature whose bobbins are divided into two or more independent
sets of four bobbins, the bobbins in each set being disposed symetrically with
relation to one another, a commutator ring or cylinder for each set to the segments
of which the free ends of each set are connected and a cominon electrical joint or
connection for the other ends of the set all arranged and combined in the manner
set forth with reference to Figures 1 to 6.
Third The combination of two field pole pieces, two or more sets of armature
bobbins each set consisting of 4 bobbins symmetrically disposed with relation to one
another, two or more independent commutator rings or cylinders one for each set,
to the segments of which the bobbins are separately connected, a common joint or

page_text: electrical connection for one end of the bobbins in each set and independent positive
and negative collecting brushes for the cylinders; the positive brush on one
cylinder being connected to the negative brush of another all as set forth with
reference to Figures 1 to 6.
Fourth-The combination of two or more field of force poles, stationary coils
wound or applied in the manner shown and described so as to be immediately over
the magnetic field between the field poles and so that the wires run at right angles
to the line joining said poles and parallel to the shaft of the machine substantially
as described with reference to Figures 7 to 10.
Fifth The combination of the field of force poles, coils wound over the spaces
between the poles as described and at right angles to the line joining them and an
armature having a forward inwardly curving extension, and adapted to be
alternately introduced into and withdrawn from the circumferential spaces between
the poles and beneath the stationary coils substantially as described with reference
to Figure 9.
Sixth-The combination substantially as described of the field magnets / parallel
to the shaft and polarized in the manner described and the armature magnet h
forming a portion of the armature shaft and provided with the radial extensions 2
substantially as described with reference to Figures 11, 12 and 13.
In witness where of I the said Peter Jensen have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twenty third day of December in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
PETER JENSEN (L.S.)