IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING, TRANSFERRING, REDUCING, ENLARGING, AND DRAWING PROPORTIONATE DISTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Plaister Harriss-Gastrell, formerly of Stanley Hall,
Wakefield, in the County of York, but now of the Devonshire Club, St James's
Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING, TRANSFERRING, REDUCING, ENLARGING, AND
DRAWING PROPORTIONATE DISTANCES" A communication from abroad by
Eugène Mouton, of Rue de Clichy, Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Plaister Harriss-
Gastrell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February
1877
JAMES PLAISTER HARRISS-GASTRELL, formerly of Stanley Hall, Wakefield, in the
County of York, but now of the Devonshire Club, St James' Street, in the County
of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING, TRANSFERRING,
REDUCING, ENLARGING, AND DRAWING PROPORTIONATE DISTANCES A communi-
cation from abroad by Eugène Mouton, of Rue de Clichy, Paris, Fiance
This Invention relates to improvements in instruments, which I term "Mouton
nomometers," for measuring the proportions in one direction, or both, in height (or
length) and width of any object, and by means of one prime mover, obtaining in
1eduction or enlargement to any degree, according to the size of the instrument
used, the same proportionate distances, whether it be for drawing from life or
model, or foi modelling from a drawing, or for constructing, or for reducing or
increasing drawings, models, and the like It can also ascertain and apply
Similarly depth or perspective for diawing and perspective for out-of-door sketching,
and it performs all analogous operations depending upon the law of proportions in
the arts, sciences, manufacturers, and trades.
The Mouton nomometer is either simple or double in measuring, or double in
Bimultaneously reducing or enlarging, or double in both ways, and therefore
quadruple, and shows as simple one set of proportionate measures to be transferied,
reduced, or enlarged, or drawn, or as double in measuring, or as quadruple, two
sets of proportionate measures to be transferied, reduced, or enlarged, or drawn ;
Pavice 871

page_text: and moreover, in the double or quadruple form of two sets offers a ready method or
ascertaining a third set of proportionate measures
"
The simple "Mouton nomometer is contained in one of its positions within a night
angled isosceles triangle, in which the equal sides are represented by a vertical bar
and a horizontal bar, iiveted or so attached as to be moveable at the point of the 5
right angle
At equal distances bars are alanged vertically and horizontally, parallel
respectively to the aforesaid vertical or horizontal bar, and each set is gradually
shortened, so that the points at which they meet shall touch an imaginary hypo-
thenuse of the said tangle These bais are inter-attached by rivets or otherwise
at the points of intersection The points on the hypothenuse are the points for
measuring By moving one of the bais all the other are proportionally moved,
and thus reduction or enlargement can be obtained of proportionate distances, and
the instrument can be adjusted for taking measures within its capacity, according
to size, this instrument can also be used for diawing in transfer, reduction, or
enlargement of proportionate distances, both parallel lines and concentre cucles, or
parts of cncles, and also for cutting out in the same ways
Two sets of measures can be taken on this instrument by using some of the
And the vertical
points, for one as length and the rest for the other as width
bais need not all be complete in length
The double Mouton nomometers, which measures two sets of proportions, as
length and width, and offers a ready method of ascertaining a thud set as deptlı,
and which transfers, reduces, or enlages all three sunultaneously, is the union of
two simple nomometers in one by making the aforesaid horizontal bui one of the
equal sides of the triangles common to both, and using the whole, or a section
thereof, either with bars, all complete in length, or with bars some of them incom-
plete in length, and uniting in one set the two sets of vertical bars
The double Mouton nomometer, which measures one set of measures but gives
simultaneously a reduction or enlargement thereof, is the union of two sumple
nomomcters in one by making the aforesaid vertical hai one of the equal sides of
the tangle common to both, and uniting in one set the two sets of horizontal bais,
either with vertical hais, all complete in length, or with vertical bais, some of them
incomplete in length.
The quadruple Mouton nomometer is formed either by adding this method of
simultaneous reduction or enlargement to each part by the double measuring
instrument when whole, or when in sections by continuing the vertical bais as fu
below the bottom horizontal bar as they are each of them above the top houzontal
bai, and similarly continuing on the other side of the vertical bars the horizontal
bars as fat as they are each of them distant from the vertical bars on the one side
in the double micasuring instrument, which is thus converted into a quadruple
instrument
When the Mouton nomometer is intended to be of general application the bais
may intersect each other at equal distances, but for special objects the instruments
may be constructed with bars, either vertical or horizontal, at unequal distances
It is to be remniked that the fine the bais, or the fewer the bars, or the greater
then distance apart, the larger will be the capacity of an mstiument for reduction
or enlargement
1
A graduated scale giving movement of top horizontal bar can be placed on a
vertical bar, or vice versa Beads or 11ngs, or equivalent devices, are used to denote
the points observed by placing then on the knobs or points, or equivalent devices,
at the ends of the bais, and the said ends can be set with appliances for writing oi
cutting out
The instruments can be provided with clips or fastenters to fix them when
necessary in a certain position, there can also be provided, for ascertaining inter-
mediate points, a tape measure fixed at one end, and with a weight at the other,
running through rings at the ends of the bais, or one or more lazy tongs held in
place the said knobs or points with wues vanously coloured at the points of

page_text: intersection, or, when a chip or fastenci can be used, an elastic tape measure fixed at
each exticinity, and there can be superposed or inserted on an instrument similai
arrangements for measuring other proportions, such as those of the head, etc, on an
instrument adjusted for the human body
In one form of these instruinents there are four vertical bais attached to nine
honzontal bars at right angles, united or otherwise attached, so as to be moveable at
the points of intersection The first vertical bar is made the standard of height, and
the fourth vertical bar is placed at a sufficient distance to represent the standard of
width, the top horizontal bar is then made to project to the night beyond tho
vertical bars to a distance equal to the standard of height Each succeeding bai 15
decreased in length so as to touch the imaginary bypothenuse of the tangle, of
which the said top bai is one of the oqual sides, and cach succeeding vertical bai is
made to project beyond the top horizontal bar by as much as its point of intersection
on said bai is distant from the end of the said bai, at which is placed the fust
vertical bar, the points of the vertical bais touclung the imaginary hypothenuse of
a tangle of which the projection of the last vertical bar, and its distance from the
end of the top horizontal bar as aforesaid, are the equal sides
The points of the horizontal bars are used to take the proportions in longth o
height, and the points of the vertical bais to take those in width. The instrument
being adjusted to the height the width is observed without moving the bais, and
the instrument thus measures and transfers and by one pume mover obtains a
simultaneous reduction or enlargement of height or width
When the vertical and horizontal lines for diawing the object are thus obtained,
the points of intersection for obtaining the proportionate depth or prospective can
be found by lines parallel to the width giving hypothenuse To these instruments
can be added handles for convenience of holding and manipulation, and they can be
set m a stand or on a rod and pedestal, they can also be provided with a tiellis
sight or other sight, or with tubes or telescopes Moreover they can be used not
only in drawing and landscape sketching, but also in connection with the camera
lucida or camera obscura
Another double form of the Mouton noniometer is made by union at the apex of
two single misti unients, uniting in one bar the top or longost horizontal bai, or each,
and also the first or longest vertical bai of cach, but one of the two simple instiu-
ments is shorter than the other in such a proportion as may be determined with 01
without a sliding or telescopic arrangement lengthening the bais, and thus reducing
the proportion to the longei insti ument
A graduated sliding on telescopic arrangement can be added to one set of bars in
each instrument, and thus to the honzontal bais of an instrument with a coire-
sponding arrangement attached to the vertical bars of the second instrument in a double
instrument for the purpose of increasing the enlarging or reducing capacity of the
instrument, this sliding or telescopic aliangement adds to each bai a proportionato
fraction or multiple of its own length, and hence the instrument is no longer acting
within an isosceles triangle, but has, in addition to an increasing or decreasing
bypothenuse, another increasing or decreasing side In this manner a larger lange
of enlargement or reduction of proportionate distances can be obtained By
graduating the sliding on telescopic arrangement for the longest horizontal bar, and
affixing rings to each such arrangement, and when necessary nnning a 10d through
them, and attaching it to the lower end of the longest vertical bai, all such airange-
ments can by one movement be pulled out to the required distance, and similaily
those of the second instrument in a double instrument can be pulled out, and the
two rods can be made to act together
The sliding or telescopic arrangements can be held in their place by clips or
springs or equivalent devices, and in the doublo nomometer, which gives simul-
ancously a reduction or enlargement, the horizontal bars on the left side of the
vertical bars could be arranged similarly to shorten to about one-fourth of the
ength of each, whilst those on the 11ght side should be arranged to extend as
bove.

page_text: The instruments can be made of any suitable materials, and some of them
nt any rate can have the bars made of glass, or perhaps toughened glass, with
the advantage of being transparent, and thus allowing points in graduated scales to
be more readily noted, and recorded especially in intermediate spaces of the instru-
ments Scales in arcs or other wise can be attached to any instrument as may be
desirable.
Of all the forms of instruments of general application skeleton instruments can
be made of as few bars or legs as possible, and the intermediate points obtained by
the aforesaid tapes or lazy tongs or equivalent devices, and for instance, from the
simple Mouton nomometer a multiple proportioned compass of Luge range can be
made, and a skeleton instrument can be combined with the fuller instrument by
making some of the bars iemovable
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Plaister Harriss-Gastiell in the Great Seal Patent Offee on the
8th August 1877.
JAMES PLAISTER HARRISS-GASTRELL, formerly of Stanley Hall, Wakefield, in the
County of York, but now of the Devonshire Club, St James' Street, in the County
of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING, TRANSFERRING,
REDUCING, ENLARGING, AND DRAWING PROPORTIONATE DISTANCES" (A commum-
cation from abroad by Eugène Mouton, of Rue de Clichy, Paris, France)
This Invention relates to improvements in instruments, which I term a Mouton
nomometer, for measuring the proportions in one direction, or both, in height or
length and width of any object, and by means of one prime mover obtaining in
reduction or enlargement to any degree, according to the size of the instrument
used, the same proportionate distances, whether it be for drawing from life oi
model, or for modelling from a diawing, or for constructing or for reducing or
It can also ascertain and apply similaily
increasing diawings, models, and the like
depth or perspective for drawing and perspective for out-of-door sketching, and it
pei forms analogous operations depending upon the law of proportions in similai oi
proportionate triangles
The Mouton nomometer is either simple or double in measuring, or double in
simultaneously reducing, or enlarging, or double in both ways, and therefore quad-
ruple, and shows as simple one or two sets of proportionate measures to be
a double in measuring or as
transferred, reduced, or enlarged or diawn, or as
quadruple two (or three or four) sets of proportionate ineasures to be transferred,
reduced, or enlarged or diawn, and, moreover, in the double or quadruple form of
two sets offers a ready method of ascertaining a third set of proportionato
measures These instruments are constructed to mark equal or unequal distances
between fixed point carriers on between renovable point calliers, or to mark
adjustable distances between sliding point carers, or to mark any or all of
these, or to maik any or all of these as lines instead of points
The simple. Mouton nomometer is contained in one of its positions within
the whole or the half of a night-angled isosceles triangle, in which the equal
e.des are represented by a vertical bai and a horizontal bai pivoted at the point of
the right angle
If the instrument be in a whole isosceles triangle, and without adjustable dis-
tances, then at equal (or unequal distances), bais, rods, or wires are arranged veiti-
cally and houzontally parallel respectively to the aforesaid vertical or horizontal
bar, and each set is gradually shortened, so that the points at which they meet
shall touch an imaginary hypothenuse or base of the said triangle, and they are
These bars, &c, are inter-
pivoted to the vertical or horizontal bar respectively
attached by rivets or otherwise at the points of intersection, or are held in position

page_text: at intersection of the central parallel bar The points on the hypothenuse or base
are the points for measuring By moving one of the bars all the others are pro-
portionally moved, and thus reduction or enlargement can be obtained of propor-
tionate distances, and the instrument can be adjusted for taking measures within
its capacity, according to size Each bar in an instrument of equal distances can
carry a wire at night angles to the plane of the triangle instead of a point, so as to
give parallels, or in a plane parallel to the tangle a wue can be carried under the
hypothenuse as though ngs on the outside aims, and parallel wues can bé
similarly canned at the points of intersection or at intermediate parallel points, and
the former anangement is likewise applicable to instruments of unequal distances,
and the points of such wires can be used for measuring distances for reducing and
enlarging This form of the instruments can also be used for diawing in tiansfel,
reduction, o en lugement of proportionate distances, both parallel lines and con-
centric circles or parts of circles, and also for cutting out in the same ways
Two sets of measures can be taken on this instrument by using half or some of
the points for one as length, and the rest for the other as width Such instruments
can be constructed in more or less of a skeleton, provided the law of similaı and
proportionate tangles be observed Thus for obtaining the movement the essential
parts are a pan of crossed levers, or (the half thereof, namely) the two equal arms
and the parallelogram on the perpendicular or crossed levers (or sliding rods at equal
distances from apex) from aim to aim along the base or parallels to the base To
some skeleton forms lines radiating from the apex can be attached as bais, 1ods,
wies, or elastic threads, &c A scale is added on the perpendicular of the tiangle
by fixing to a bai the central apex in the base or hypothenuse, and sliding thereon
oi therein a slide attached to the apex at that perpendicular of the exterior triangle,
and graduating the bar to show proportionate parts This bat may be continued
beyond the latter apex, so as to form a haudle, and on the said slide a clamp may
be fixed to keep the instrument stiff when requied, and graduated scales can be
placed at other points as on a vertical bar to show angular movement of top
horizontal bar, or vice versa, or on an aic at said perpendicular to show angular
movement
For instruments of fixed bais and the like, colours, beads, rings, or equivalent
devices can be used on the points to denote those observed, and the bars and the
like can be replaced by holders set with appliances for making on cutting out
In instruments of fixed bais an elastic tape or other device as a fine lazy tongs can
be stretched along the base or hypothenuse from aim to aim for the observation of
intermediate points attached or not to other fixed points in the base Moreover,
there can be superposed or inserted on some instruments similai ariangements for
measuring other pioportions, such as those of the head on an instrument adjusted
for the human body, and for convenience of holding and manipulation there can
be added handles, feet, stands, and the like, as may be requisite, and also tiellis or
other sights
The double "Mouton nomometer," which measures two sets of proportions in two
different directions as length and width, and offers a cady method of ascertaining
a thud set as depth, and which transfers, reduces, or enlarges all three simul-
taneously has two forms, and is either the union of two simple "nomometers" in
one by making the aforesaid horizontal bar one of the equal sides of the triangle
common to both, and using the whole or a section thereof either with bais all com-
plete in length, or bais, soine of them incomplete in length, and uniting in one set
the two sets of vertical bais, and taking the one measure on the one set and the
second measure on the other set, or it is the union of two simple "nomometers "at
the perpendicular, and therefore at right angles in the plane of their bases to each
other at a common perpendicular in which the two measures are taken, one on each
If in this latter double instrument wies be carried at right angles instead of points
on each of the two, then a contracting and expanding trellis work will be obtained,
in which also lines radiating from the centre can be airanged And if similar wires
be held on the bars across from one radiating base to the next base, and parallel to the

page_text: diagonals of the square tiellis work, then other expanding and contracting figures
can be obtained, and if such wies be fixed to bais in the one base, and allowed
to slide though ungs in bars in the other base at any angle that may be required,
then yet other figures can be contracted or expanded of four sides, or if parts of
the radiating bases be used, of five to eight sides
"
The double "Mouton nomometer," which measures one set of measures but gives
simultaneously a reduction or enlargement thereof, is the union of two simple
nomometers in one by making the aforesaid vertical bar one of the equal sides
of the triangle common to both, and uniting in one set the two sets of horizontal
bars either with vertical bars all complete in length or with vertical bars, some of
them incomplete in length
A graduated scale shows the proportion of the simultaneous enlargement or
reduction, and by contracting the measuring side that enlargement can be propor-
tionately increased, or by expanding it the reduction can be cared furthei
The quadruple "Mouton nomometer " is formed either by adding this method of
simultaneous reduction or enlargement to each part of the first described form of
the double measuring instrument when whole or when a sections by continuing the
vertical bais as far below the bottom horizontal bar as they ue each of them above
the top horizontal bai, and similarly continuing on the other side of the vertical bars
the horizontal bars as far as they are each of them distant from the vertical bars
on the one side in the double measuring instrument, which is thus converted into a
quadruple instrument
The multiple form of nomometer is the double form giving four aims repeated, so
as to give eight, sixteen, &c, or with a simple one added to give six, ten, &c,
radiating arms
When the "Mouton nomometer "of fixed bais is intended to be of general
application, the bais may intersect each other at equal distances, but for special
objects the instrument may be constructed with bans either vertical or horizontal at
unequal distances
It is to be remarked that the finer the bais, or the fewer the bais, on the greater
then distance apart, the larger will be the capacity of an instrument of the same
extreme base or hypothenuse for reduction or enlargement As an example of an
instrument of fixed bais for special application, and assuming the ordinary pio-
portions of the human body to be contained within an oblong of eight parts by two
parts, and that these two parts are divided into thee equal parts, an instrument of
eight pants would be united to an instiumont of two such paits divided into thirds,
the longer base giving height and the shorter base giving width, and the whole
reducing or enlarging both sets of proportions by the one prime movei and in the
same ratio or for the same purpose, an instrument of fixed bais with nine horizontal
bais at night angles to four vertical bais is thus constructed The first vertical bai
19 inade the standard of height, and the fourth vertical bai is placed at a sufficient
distance to represent the standard of width, the top horizontal bar is then made
to project to the night beyond the vertical bais to a distance equal to the standard
of height Each succeeding bai is decreased in length so as to touch the imaginary
hypothenuse of the tangle of which the said top bai is one of the equal sides, and
each succeeding vertical bai is inade to project beyond the top horizontal bai by as
much as its point of intersection on said bai is distant from the end of the said bar
at which is placed the fist vertical bai, the points of the vertical bars touching the
imaginary hypothen use of a triangle, of which the projection of the last vertical
bar and its distance from the end of the top horizontal bar as aforesaid are the
equal sides
.
The points of the horizontal bars are used to take the proportions in length or
height, and the points of the vertical bars to take those in width The instrument
being adjusted to the height, the width is observed without moving the bais, and
the instrument thus measures and transfers, and by one prime mover obtains a
simultaneous reduction or enlargement of height and width
A graduated sliding or telescopic arrangement can be added to some forms of

page_text: instruments for the purpose of increasing the enlarging or reducing capacity of the
instrument This sliding or telescopic arrangement consists of rods within tubes or
equivalent ordinary devices, and adds to each bar a proportionate fraction or
multiple of its length by pioportionately increasing one side of the similar and
pioportionate triangles as well as then bases By attaching a bar or 10d to point
of the unchanging short side at the base and threading it to the tubes or rods or
bais of the telescopic arrangement, and by graduating the prolongation of the longest
side, all the telescopic sides can be by one movement lengthened to any requited
fraction or multiple.
I now proceed to describe with the aid of Drawings some typical forms of these
instruments
Figure 1 represents a simple instrumeut with removable wires carrying the points
in the hypothenuse ADC, with the equal arms A B and B C, pivoted in B
beneath the clamp and in the slide which travels along the graduated bar D E.
This bar ends in a handle F, the short arms G D, and H D, pivoted at G and H
complete with B G, and B H, the parallelogram in which the fourteen wires are set
and of which the apex D is fixed to the end of the bai DE In B G and BH
are horizontal slots, and fourteen vertical holes for pins to fix the flattened and
pierced ends of the wires In G D and HD are likewise horizontal slots with
vertical rivets or the like to mark off the exact space through which each wire
must be passed The wues, holes, and spaces, are all three numbered alike for each
position, and cach wie is of the exact length to project its point into the hypo-
thenuse, A C and D likewise carry points in the hypothenuse
•
The instrument can be set to a limited number of unequal distances, and with
sufficient approximation for certain purposes to any unequal distances within the
stretch of the hypothenuse A C The wires can be variously coloured, to facilitate
remembiance of observed points Two such simple instruments united at right
angles into one compound instrument at the common perpendicular by the bar
D E, cquue that the said bar D E should be square, and slotted with two slots at
right angles to each other, and that the two slides and clamps should become one
Joint, slide, and clamp to work both sets of wies simultaneously By substituting
bars, ananged to cariy wies at right angles to the plane of each triangle, a trellis
work expanding from a central set of squares to a boundary of the square of the
hypothenuse stretch is obtained Three or more sets of such simple instruments
combined with the requisite similar adjustment at the perpendicular DE, make
multiple forms By using two halves with fixed bars or rods of such a kind of
instrument as Figure 1, combined at right angles into the bar D E, similar results
can be obtained Radiating lines of wires or of elastic threads, with hooks to hook
on to points of intersection, can be added to centre of tellis work in each form
of instrument Moreover, by converting the common perpendicular D E into a
10d threading the bars of a compound instrument of two half simple ones, an in-
strument is obtained which will measure in any two directions in the same plane,
at any angle to each other The bars are attached to sliding blocks on DE and a
cncle of degrees can be used as a foot at D Similarly, by suppressing DE with
its scale, a like result can be obtained from the double instrument with moveable
wires, the two wholes being centred at B and D If a scalo be required it can be
placed upon a soparate upright, and applied when necessary But corresponding
points, at equal distances from the centre on each arm, cannot both be taken in this
form
Figure 2 represents a simple instrument reduced to a skeleton of crossed levers
acting within a triangle, with radiating lines as elastic threads added from centre B
to the points of the lazy tongs in the hypothenuse If wires are used to radiate
from B, then they would project to the arc A PC At GH and Q R such olastic
threads can also be stretched, or strings weighted can be substituted The scale on
DE would show angles and angular distances, or a scale of degrees on an arc at B
can be used.
Figure 3 represents an instrument with adjustable bars to measure any

page_text: unequal distances within its hypothenuse stretch A B C and G D II, with
DE are the skeleton of Figuie The parallel square bar T K is rather longer
than the extreme stretch of the hypothenuse, and the one L N is rather shorter
than it At G and H are slides iunning on LN and attached to GD, HD,
which are united at D, and there fixed to IK At B is a similar slide on the
square vertical bar D E, to which A B and C B, are fixed The bai LN, will
remain parallel to I K as B is shd up and down At A and C are similar slides
with points worked by A. B and B C At I and K are the extreme stationary
points Similar slides are attached in L N and I K to other bars, of which the
six darker shaded, Q, R, G, D, U, V, and H, C, are fixed to the upper part and the
others to the lower part of the slides They are thus separated vertically by a
distance equal to the thickness vertically of the slides At the points of inter-
section with AG, CD, DH, HC, those eight bars are pivoted to A G, GD,
DH, and HC respectively, by a pivot uniting a punt of blocks, through the upper
of which passes the upper bai, and through the lower of which passes the lowe
bar, each block becoming a slide on its own bar Hence the eight bus between
the parallels are adjustable, and are adjusted by pushing the sliding blocks up and
down the fixed bais above mentioned To obtain this result I also use the
mechanical equivalent of a pivot, uniting two square blocks travelling in slotted
bars I place two or three points on the slides of the hypothenuse, and I set such
slides to project then points, either in the plane or at right angles to the plane of
the triangle ABC
An equivalent form is obtained by placing one or two sets of crossed levers
between the parallel bais, as in Figure 5, 017
By a simple adjustment at BN and D the two halves can be made to tuin as
adn, so as to act at right angles, or at any angle to each other
And by canying
wies at night angles to the planes of the tangles in the slides, on the hypothcnuscs
of a double instrument, an adjustable expanding tiellis work is obtained, and in
the indiating double instrument en expanding network of various figuies 19
obtained
Figure 4 shows the application of expanding trellis work to contours and negular
outlines Longer wies are used, and then these are pushed forward to fit to the
contour, as in the dotted lines At such a distance from the said points of contact
with the contour as shall correspond to the length of wie within the tellis before
the pushing out, I attach the said wires to the vertical ones so that these vertical
ones shall move them backwards or forwards in proportion to the expansion or con-
tiaction requined The black dots at points of intei section show the places of such
attachment, for which I use a 1ng soldered to the horizontal wine or an equivalent
device I reverse the operation for testing a contour from a drawn outline by
attaching the wies over the outline
I have described certain forms by which an expanding notwork is obtained, and
in which the network is in a plane at 1ight angles to the plane of the triangles used
for the movement, but the plane of the network may be by adjustment in a
parallel plane, and by placing the actuating tangles at vertical edge, horizontal
edge respectively may also be in the same plane At P of section is the ing R
afhsed to wue at P, which may be a permanent bxture, or may be clipped temporarily
on At 16 is the bai A, C, passing through a slide T which cannies wie in ing R, and
similaily at 17 is the bai passing through 17 and C in a slule Tcanying we mning R
Figure 5 shows a modification of Figure 3, in which the perpendiculai is replaced
by parallel uprights at the extremities of the base, and the parallel bar is placed at
the apex of the isosceles triangle A further modification of this is to place one set
instead of the two sets of crossed levers between parallel bars, the hypothenuse bar
being fixed to the uprights, and the movable bai being held parallel by sliding
blocks in slots of the uprights
"
Figure 6 shows a network of equal distances in which the equal aims of the
actuating tangles are suppressed, and only the lazy tongs of the hypothenuse
retained AC and BD are fixed slotted cross bais In BD slide pins at E and F

page_text: attached to the lazy tongs above the cross bar which canes under the cross bai
parallel bars on wies in iings at the outer points of intersection, and which travels
in the line of the cross bar by pins in the slot of the inner points of intersection
An independent lazy tongs is similarly ananged with parallel wies along BD,
and the two are made to work all four arms in the same duection from or to the
centic by means of bais connecting the fist innci points of intersection of the A C
lazy tongs with the first pans of outer points of intersection of the BD lazy tongs,
as shown in the enlarged sketch Figure 6
To manipulate, two handles can be used at E and F This trellis work can also
be set in a solid square with points projecting for taking distances outside the
square, and also with longer wues for taking regular contours
Figure 7 represents a multiple parallel ruler for drawing equidistant parallel lines
in which sliding rods are held in revolving rings on the crossed levers at equal
distances from the centre of intersection I, and in oblong blocks sliding in a slot of
the bai AC The bar AC may be replaced by parallel bars at the boundary of the
largest oblong The rods can be continued beyond the square as far as may be
required The sliding oblong blocks, as in all such cases, can be auanged to
under lap each other so as to increase the closeness of the shutting up I apply a
similar mechanical anangement fitted with appliances for making to a hand
multiple ruler, and also to the 'forms" of ruling machines. A single parallel iuler
on the same plan has the advantage of having the ruling edge always on the same
oblong
Figure 8 represents the plan of a hand multiple ruler enclosed or not in a box,
allowing marking points and rolleis to project beyond plane of its bottoin to which
a lid is fitted in a slot of the side AD, a block with handle G slides attached to
the lever AF, pivoted at II to the lever BE, pivoted at B to the corner. The
parallel bais slide in the sides AB and DC and the internal division IK, and are
held, as in Figure 7, by the crossed levers Rollers or wheels are sunk at commers
o an AB, and appliances for marking in ink or otherwise are attached to the said
bais in the section DC and IK The slot in which G slides is graduated at a scale
for setting the apparatus Another form is with one long aim pivoted at C and
projecting at A into handle, and having movement towards B
In the manner herein-before described such iuling instruments can be constructed
with adjustable appliances, as for instance by replacing evolving rings by the
double blocks, connecting cross levels to 1ods, and setting the iods in parallel
uprights instead of in the perpendiculai
Figure 9 shows how multiple instruments can be applied to measure, and then
reduce o enlarge irregular outlines AC, BD, EF, and GH are the base bats with
adjustable travelling points worked by then respective tangles. In Figure a part
of the outline uns on the radiating arms, but in Figure b no part comes on the
adu The dotted lines give the outline, the other lines are the wies from arm to
alm
Figure 10 represents in section another arrangement of the attaching of lever
bars to blocks in the adjustable instruments
A is the hypothenuse bai, and B the marking points on the block CD, EF,
which is slotted to allow level bai to enter and press the bat A The lever bar is
ounded off, and a pin GH holds it in the centic With this attachment the lever
bars can be crossed close to each other, or as far apart as may be requisite by deter-
mining the position of the
gloove KL
Another method of connecting the bais to the slide is shown in Figure 11, where
the bar is torminated by an upright bar of the height of the slide holding top and
bottom flat pieces pivotted to the slide at K and L, and of sufficient length to give
play 100m between bai and slide
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to he performed, I declare that I clann,―
Fustly. The several improvemonts herein set forth and substantially shown in
•

page_text: the annexed Drawings, in instruments for measuring, transferring, reducing,
enlarging, and drawing proportionate distances.
Secondly The apparatus, shown in Figure 1, of the annexed Drawings, as and
for the purposes described.
Thirdly. The apparatus, shown in Figure 2, as a modification of Figure 1, acting
as and for the purposes described
Fourthly I claim the arrangement of appliances as apparatus to be used singly
or combined, as herein described or referred to, and substantially as shown in
Figures 3 to 10 of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Plaister Harriss-Gastiell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-seven
J P. HARRISS-GASTRELL. (L.S)