Improved Apparatus for Spinning, Doubling, Twisting, or Reeling Yarns, Threads, and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Oct. 1893-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Spinning, Doubling, Twisting, or Reeling
Yarns, Threads, and the like.
I GEORGE BARKER of 77 Colmore Row Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Consulting Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention as com-
municated to me from abroad by Louis Francis Weiss of Cairo Street in the City
and County of Worcester State of Massachusetts Forman and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The aim of this invention is to improve the apparatus for spinning doubling
twisting or reeling yarns threads and the like and to this end, the invention consists
of the apparatus described in this Specification, and illustrated in the accompanying
two sheets of drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is a section of one-half of the spinning-frame of a spinning or twisting
machine, with my invention in use,
Fig. 2 is an enlarged section of the top of the spindle and its appurtenances,
Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the part I term the cover or upper friction-
ring,
Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the part I term the spindle-collar or the lower
friction-ring,
Fig. 5 is a section of the bolster on line 5-5 of Fig. 2,
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the adjustable cup carried by the traverse-rail, and
Fig. 7 is a view on an enlarged scale illustrating the construction of the hook or
eye; the figures of the second sheet being on an enlarged scale relatively to
Sheet 1.
The practical machines for spinning or twisting, which are to-day in use, are
generally of the ring or flier pattern.
In these devices, the material or materials to be spun or twisted are held at a
point, which may be the top rolls, or feeding-device, or any point in the travel of
the material or materials beyond the top rolls, or feeding device.
This stationary point is usually the crockery bearing to which the material or
materials is or are led from the top rolls or feeding device.
The spinning or twisting is done substantially between the point at which the
material or materials leave the top rolls or feeding device, and the spinning or
twisting point, which may be considered the usual hook or eye.
In these machines, the material or materials in the operation, will describe or
generate a conical surface, the apex of the cone being the stationary point, and the
base of the cone, the circle described by the spinning point; or, in other words,
each section of the material or materials between these points will be moved in a
circle.
This will cause the material or materials to fly away from the axial line of such
cone by the centrifugal action, and this causes the material or materials to spread
or throw out during the operation.
Further, the ends of the fibres of the material or materials, instead of tending
normally to be "licked in," will tend to fly out, due also to the rapid movement
through the air.
This centrifugal action and the resistance of the air produces a strain on the
material or materials, and this strain increases, of course, as the speed of the spindle
increases, and as the radius of the movement of the twisting point increases.
This strain is the limit of speed at which the spinning or twisting machine, as
ordinarily organized to-day can be run.
These disadvantages in the art of spinning or twisting, as practised to-day, arise

page_text: from the facts that a large portion of the material or materials is moved through
the air during the spinning operation, and thereby put under strain; and also from
the fact that the spinning or twisting point is generally moved in a circle.
By my device, I lead the material or materials preferably in a straight line from
the stationary point to the spinning or twisting point, and revolve the receiving or
winding-up bobbin around, and synchronously with the spinning or twisting point,
and lead the material or materials outwardly from the spinning or twisting point to
the receiving bobbin.
This will keep the material or materials, while being spun or twisted, and
especially from the stationary point to the spinning point, in a straight line, and,
hence, there will be no centrifugal action or air-resistance on the material or
materials while the same is or are being twisted or spun. Further, it will be seen
that only a very slight portion of the material or materials is directed out of this
path or from the spinning or twisting point to the bobbin, and that this is after
the material or materials have received all their spinning or twisting.
Also it will be seen that the material or materials are led from the spinning or
twisting point in a horizontal line commencing at the centre of the spindle.
This gives absolutely the shortest distance between the spinning and twisting
point and the receiving bobbin that can be obtained.
In practice this distance is about one-half the width of the receiving bobbin.
This distance will be less than the length of the fibres used to form the material or
materials, and hence there will always be a number of complete fibres between the
spinning or twisting point and the receiving bobbin.
This is important, as it is well known that the fibres of the material or materials
to be spun or twisted can be pulled apart much easier than they could be broken.
By my improved device, a length always shorter than the length of the fibres,
is moved out of the axial line, and, hence, the fibres will not tend to be pulled
apart.
By my device, the material or materials is or are only directed out of the axial
line after the spinning or twisting operation has been performed, and then on the
line of a radius which is the line of strain.
By my improved device, I have found that the speed of the spinning or twisting,
as carried out thereby, is limited only to the speed at which the parts can be
run, and is not limited by any strain put on the material or materials.
As before stated, the stationary point, to which I have referred, may be
considered the usual guiding mouth of the ordinary piece of porcelain or crockery,
and the spinning or twisting point may be considered as the eye or hook, or any
equivalent therefor.
The spinning or twisting of the material or materials takes place also between
the stationary point and the point at which the material or materials leave the
top rolls or feeding device, but, as in the old machines, the material or materials
between the stationary point and the point at which the same leave the top
rolls, is in one line, there will be no centrifugal action between these points, either
in the old machines, or in my improvement.
In some machines, the material or materials is or are led directly from the
feeding device to the spinning or twisting point. In this instance, the point at
which the material or materials leaves or leave the feeding device may be
considered the stationary point, as I use that term.
In the old machines for flier or ring spinning, the bobbin is given a drag, and
does not turn quite as fast as the spindle itself.
This difference tends to take some of the twist out, which is given to the
material or materials between the stationary point and the spinning point.
In the carrying out of my invention, I move the receiving bobbin around the
spinning or twisting point, and in unison therewith, thus keeping all the twist put
in between the stationary point and the spinning or twisting point, intact.
Also, at the same time, I give the receiving bobbin a sufficient rotation on its
own axis, to wind.

page_text: Thus, in the winding operation, instead of taking out the twist, I keep all the
twist that is put in between the spinning or twisting point and the stationary point.
This is an important point in actual practice over the ordinary methods, as I do
not lose the number of turns necessary to wind the spun or twisted material or
materials on the bobbin.
I have shown in the drawings one-half of the usual double spinning-frame, it
being understood, of course, that my machine can be made double or single, as
desired.
Referring now to the drawings, and in detail 10 represents the usual outside
framing of the spinning or twisting machine, and 11 represents the usual framing
in which the spinning or twisting parts of the machine are mounted.
Between the frames 11 may be mounted, in the usual manner, the bolster-rail 12,
the traverse-rail 13, and the step-rail 14.
The traverse-rail 13 is supposed to be moved up and down, as the machine
operates, in any of the usual manners, as by the usual heart-shaped cams, which
mechanism is not necessary here to show or describe, the same being so well
understood in spinning or twisting machinery, and as my invention calls for no
departure from the same.
In the drawings, I have shown only one spindle, it being understood that my
invention, of course, is applicable to any organized spinning or twisting machine.
15 represents the usual spool, from which the material to be spun, can be drawn,
and, of course, two or more spools may be mounted in the usual manner, so that a
number of threads can be drawn in for a twisting or spinning operation, or the
materials may be fed in by any suitable means.
16 and 17 represent the usual set of top-rolls, which may be mounted in the usual
roll-frame 18, and between these rolls, the material or materials are drawn, in the
usual manner, the rolls being driven in the usual manner so as to unwind the
material or materials from the spool or spools.
19 represents the usual driven shaft, which driven at a high rate of speed to
impart motion to the various spindles; and on this shaft 19 may be mounted the
usual drum 20, and from this drum 20, the usual quarter-turned belts 21 may be
led to the whirls or pulleys 26 of the spindles.
In the step-rail 14 may be mounted any of the usual or approved form of steps,
as the screw 22, which may be tapped into the rail 14, and which may have a
nut 23, whereby the step can be adjusted.
The spindle which I use is peculiarly made, and is designated by the numeral 24
on the drawings.
This spindle 24 may have the usual bearing or point 25, which fits into the
step 22. The spindle 24 is made hollow at its upper portion, and the upper end is
internally screw-threaded as at 24°, and screwed therein is the reduced externally
screw-threaded end of the spindle extension 27, which spindle-extension 27 carries
a part which I call the spindle collar 28.
In this spindle collar 28 is mounted an upright shaft 29, which I call the
receiving bobbin spindle; and it will be noticed that this bobbin-spindle 29, is
mounted eccentrically to the centre of the spindle 24, and that the distance
between the centre of the spindle 24 and the bobbin-spindle 29 is enough to allow
the bobbin 31 to move freely around the hook or eye, as hereafter described.
This shaft 29 constitutes the receiving bobbin support, and, of course, any other
equivalent device could be used therefor.
The spindle-collar 28 may have a counter-weight 30 placed on the same, as
shown, so that this counter-weight will tend to counter-act the weight of the
bobbin-spindle 29, and of the bobbin 31.
The spindle proper is slotted below the whirl 26, as at 32, and fitting on the
spindle is the collar 33, which collar 33 has pins or screws 34, which extend in
through the slots 32, as shown.
The spindle 24, the spindle extension 27 and the spindle collar 28 are bored or
made hollow in the centre, as shown, and fitting in the hole thus formed, is a part

page_text: which I term the hook-spindle 35, which carries at the end thereof, the hook or
eye 36.
This hook or eye 36 is slightly off-set on one side as at 36%, as shown in Fig. 7,
so that the thread can be led to the eye or hook in an exact axial line with the
hook-spindle 35.
The screws or pins 34, which pass through the collar 33 and the spindle slots 32
are rigidly and securely fastened into the hook-spindle 35, whereby the hook-
spindle and hook, and the collar 33 will turn synchronously with the spindle 24.
Mounted in the traverse-rail 13 is a cup 37, which is cut away as at 37° to allow
the collar 33 to fit loosely into the same; and the lower part of this cup 37 is
threaded as at 38, and fits into the traverse-rail 13, and a check-nut 39 may be
threaded on the lower end of the cup 37, as shown.
Mounted in the cut-away portion 37° of the cup 37 is a packing 40 against which
the collar 33 rests.
The top of the cup 37 is cut away, as shown, to allow a clip 41 to fit into the
same, and over the collar 33; and this clip may be secured to the cup 37 by means
of a screw as 42.
By this means, it will be seen that the hook spindle 31 is connected to the
traverse rail 13, so that as the traverse-rail 13 is automatically raised and lowered,
as before described, the hook spindle 35, will also be raised and lowered, the
collar 33 revolving in the cup 37 and on the packing 40; and it will be seen that
the hook-spindle can be adjusted relatively to the traverse-rail 13, by revolving
or turning the cup 37, and that the cup 37 can be secured in this adjusted position
by means of the nut 39.
The bolster-rail is nicely bored out in line with the step and traverse-rail, to
accommodate the bolster 43.
This bolster 43 has a vertical groove 44 cut in the lower part of the same, and
fitting into this vertical groove 44 is the end of the screw 45, which is tapped into
the bolster-rail, as shown."
The lower part of the hole in the bolster-rail is screw threaded, and tapped
into this screw-threaded portion is the nut 46, which bears on a shoulder 47 of the
bolster.
It will be seen that the bolster is kept from turning by means of the screw 45,
but that the same is vertically movable, and that the same can be adjusted vertically
by means of the nut 46, for a purpose hereafter described.
The spindle-extension 27 is nicely fitted or journalled in the bolster 43, as
shown.
The upper part of the bolster 43 is formed into a cup, as at 48, as shown, and
the top edge of this cup is made flaring, as at 49, and fitting into this flaring
portion is a piece of cloth or tape, or other suitable material 50, which is nicely
fitted into the same, and which, thereby, forms a tapered annular cup or friction-
ring.
The spindle collar 28 does not touch the cloth bearing on the cup, which is used
for a friction bearing for the lower end of the bobbin.
Arranged under the spindle-collar 28 and in the bottom of the cup 48 is a
packing 51, which supports the collar 28, as shown.
Arranged above the bobbin and hook is a part which I term a cover as 52.
This cover 52 has extended ears as 53 through which a pin 54 passes, the pin 54
also passing into the ear 57 of the adjustable piece 55, which has a slot as shown,
through which slot, a screw 56 passes, and is tapped into the frame 11.
By this means, the cover or cap 52 and the piece 55 can be adjusted relatively to
the bobbin.
It will be seen that the piece 55 has a projection 54° against which the ears 53 of
the cover 52 bear, and limit the downward movement of the cover.
The cover 52 is under-cut as at 58, as shown, and is outwardly tapered; and
fitting into this under-cut portion is a piece of cloth or other suitable material 59,
which is outwardly turned or bent as at 59°, to form a tapered or annular edge

page_text: opposite to the cloth 50, and this piece of cloth thus forms the upper friction-
ring.
It will be seen that this annular edge extends slightly down below the edge of the
cup 52, whereby the shoulder 59° will, to some degree, yield.
This piece of cloth or bearing 59 is held in place in the cover 52 by means of a
circular piece of wire 60, which may be snapped or sprung into place in the under-
cut portion of the cover 52, as shown.
It will be seen that the diameter of the upper and lower friction-rings is
greater than the diameter of the bobbin, whereby the shoulders of the bobbin,
mathematically speaking, will only touch the cloth bearings or the friction-rings at
a single point or line, whereby the drag will be very delicate and nice. Only one
friction-ring need be used to turn the receiving bobbin on its axis to wind. The
machine shown can be arranged to use only the upper or only the lower friction-
ring, if desired. By lowering the bolster, the lower friction ring can be rendered
inoperative. By raising the piece 55, the upper friction ring can be rendered
inoperative.
Thus, either friction ring can be used at pleasure.
Thus, it is within the scope of my invention to use a single device for turning the
receiving bobbin, and the same can be arranged either above or below the bobbin.
or in any position, as desired; but in most cases, where high speed is desired, it
is desirable to have both friction-rings, as the same will also act to steady or guide
the bobbin, and to prevent any undue outward throw of the same from the centrifugal
action.
Mounted or arranged in the centre of the cover 52 is the usual porcelain or
crockery bearing 61, which is arranged so as to be exactly in the axis of the spindle
or hook-spindle 35, and a slot as 62 is cut through the cover 52, and through
the crockery-piece 61, as shown, so that the material or materials can be easily
inserted.
With my machine, thus organized, the operation is as follows:
The receiving bobbin is mounted so as to be perfectly free to turn on the bobbin
spindle 29, and the under shoulder of the bobbin is set to bear on the lower
cloth bearing 50, and the top of the bobbin is arranged to bear on the upper
bearing 590.
This will give the receiving bobbin the desired drag, as hereafter described.
The thread is led from the spool through the usual top rolls, down through
the crockery piece 61, in through the hook 36, and then to the receiving
bobbin.
Now the machine is started, and driven in the usual manner.
This will cause the
material or materials to be slowly unwound from the spool or spools, and paid out
to the hook 36.
As the machine is operated, the hook 36 will be rotated at a high rate of speed,
and the bobbin spindle will be moved on a circle about the hook, synchronously
with the revolution of the hook, and a twist will be put in the material or materials
at every revolution of the spindle.
It will be seen that the twist is substantially put into the material or materials
between the top rolls and the hook 36, and it will be seen that this portion of the
material or materials, which is being twisted, is not moved or rotated about a circle,
but is kept in a line, whereby the twisting or spinning is imparted to the material
or materials without moving the same out of line.
Thus, the twist is given without any of the disadvantages incident to the old
methods. As the receiving bobbin revolves around its circle or orbit, the shoulders
of the same, bearing on the cloth bearings, will tend to give the bobbin an
independent movement of rotation upon the bobbin spindle.
This tendency will be regulated by the pressure which the receiving bobbin
exerts on its cloth bearings, and, of course, will vary as the speed varies.
This will tend to wind or draw the material or materials through the hook 36
from the top rolls, and will give the material or materials their desired drag,

page_text: whereby, after the spinning or twisting has been completed, the material or
materials will be wound up on the receiving bobbin.
It will be seen that only a very small portion of the material or materials is
moved out of line; that is, the portion between the hook 36 and the bobbin, and it
will also be seen that this portion is only thrown out of line after substantially all
the twisting or spinning operation has been completed.
When it is desired to remove the bobbin, all that is necessary is to throw the
cover 52 up, when the bobbin can be taken off its spindle, and removed from the
machine, and another one substituted.
When it is desired to adjust the pressure that the cloth bearings exert upon the
shoulders of the bobbin, the same can be nicely done by adjusting the cover 52 up
or down by the means before described; and again, when it is desired to adjust the
lower cloth bearing or friction-ring, the same can be done by adjusting the nut 46,
which will move the cup 51 up or down, as desired, and after this adjustment has
been given, the step may be adjusted, if desired, so as to accommodate the
adjustment which has been given to the spindle.
cup
The hook can be adjusted relatively to the traverse-rail by means of the 37
and the nut 39, as before described.
When it is desired to remove the entire spindle from the framing, the same can
be very nicely done by turning the clip 41 so as to release the collar 33, and
loosening the screw 45, when the entire spindle and bolster can be drawn out through
the bolster-frame and the traverse-rail.
"
I have used the term << receiving-bobbin " and " receiving bobbin support)
broadly, and mean to include thereby, any receiving device or its support to which
the material or materials can be directed from the spinning or twisting points and
received therefrom. A reel would be such a device.
The mounting and arrangement of the bobbin and its support can, of course, be
altered without departing from my invention.
While it is preferred to lead the material or materials directly in a horizontal line
from the spinning or twisting point, it is obvious, of course, that this line need not
be horizontal, and that the support for the receiving device or bobbin could be
arranged above or below the spinning or twisting in any desired manner, and the
material or materials led in an inclined or tortuous line thereto from the spinning or
twisting point provided the receiving device or bobbin and its support is arranged
to revolve around the line or orbit of the spinning or twisting point, which in the
machine shown, is the axial line of the spindle, this being what I term "with and
around the spinning or twisting point."
Any desired means for drawing the material or materials away from the spinning
point may be used; the particular means shown and described is the ring or rings
against which the bobbin bears so as to be revolved on its own axis to wind. It is
preferred to cause the receiving device or bobbin to move to accomplish this result,
although, of course, this term is to be construed broadly so far as the scope of my
invention is concerned.
It is understood, of course, that the machine herein described may be varied
and modified, and that my invention may be applied to substantially any spinning
spindle that exists to-day.
It is also understood that my invention can be applied to any kind of spinning
or twisting where any number of strands are used, or to any kind of spinning
or twisting where only a single strand is used.
As before stated, I have found out in practical experiments that the speed of
my improved device is limited only to the speed at which the parts can be run,
and there is no centrifugal action or pull on the material or materials, during
the spinning or twisting operation.
It will be seen that the essence of my invention lies in the fact that the
receiving bobbin support revolves around and with the spinning or twisting point,
and so far as this idea is concerned, it is not absolutely necessary that the
spinning or twisting point should turn axially, but that is the preferred way.

page_text: Also, i have found in the course or my experiments that material or
spun or twisted by my improved method are very superior, as all the ends or
strands are
"licked in," which I attribute to the fact that there is not much
tendency for the same to fly out from the axial line.
The details of the parts herein shown and described may be greatly varied
by a skilled mechanic without departing from the scope of my invention as
expressed in the claims.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The apparatus herein described and shown for spinning or twisting material
or materials.
2. An apparatus for spinning or twisting material or materials by keeping the
material or materials in substantially a straight line between the stationary
point and the spinning or twisting point, substantially as described.
3. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the spinning or
twisting point, the receiving bobbin support mounted to turn with and around
the spinning or twisting point, and means for drawing the material or materials
away from the spinning or twisting point, substantially as described.
4. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the rotating spindle,
a receiving bobbin support mounted eccentrically to, and carried by said spindle,
a hook or eye mounted with said spindle and rotating therewith, means for
raising and lowering said hook, the material or materials being led outwardly
from the hook or eye, and means for drawing the material or materials in this
path, substantially as described.
5. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the revolving spindle,
a receiving bobbin mounted eccentrically to and carried by said spindle, a twisting
or spinning hook or eye mounted with said spindle and revolving therewith, the
material or materials being led outwardly from the hook or eye to the bobbin, and
means for giving the receiving bobbin an independent rotation on its own axis
for winding, substantially as described.
6. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the revolving spindle,
a receiving bobbin mounted eccentrically on said spindle, a hook spindle fitting
into said main spindle, and turning therewith, said hook spindle being capable
of an independent axial movement relatively to the main spindle, the material
or materials being led outwardly from the hook spindle to the receiving bobbin,
and means for giving the receiving bobbin an independent rotation on its own axis
to wind, substantially as described.
7. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the revolving spindle,
the hook or eye mounted to turn therewith, the receiving bobbin mounted eccen-
trically to and carried by said spindle, the material or materials being led outwardly
from the hook or eye to the receiving bobbin, and a single friction-ring or two
friction-rings as desired, against which the receiving bobbin bears as the same is
revolved by the spindle, whereby the bobbin will have an independent movement
of rotation on its own axis, substantially as described.
8. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the revolving spindle,
the hook spindle mounted so as to turn therewith and capable of an independent
axial movement relatively to the main spindle, the traverse-rail connected to raise
and lower said hook spindle, the receiving bobbin support mounted eccentrically to
said hook spindle and to turn with the main spindle, and means for drawing the
material or materials outwardly from the spinning or twisting point, substantially
as described.
9. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the main spindle, the
hook spindle carried axially therewith, and the receiving bobbin spindle carried by
the main spindle eccentrically to the hook spindle, of the cover constituting a
friction-ring for the bobbin, said cover being hinged so that the same can be lifted

page_text: up, and the bobbin removed from the receiving bobbin spindle, substantially as
described.
10. The combination in a spinning or twisting machine of the main spindle
carrying the spinning or twisting point, of the receiving bobbin spindle or support
mounted eccentrically to, and carried by the main spindle, a counter-weight also
carried by the main spindle for the purpose of counter-balancing the weight of the
receiving bobbin spindle and the receiving bobbin, and means for drawing the
material or materials from the spinning or twisting point to the receiving bobbin,
substantially as described.
Du this 19th dow of Ontahou 1002
GEORGE BARKER.