matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING STEAM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dundus Scott-Moncrieff
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November
1880.
WILLIAM DUNDAS SCOTT-MONCRIEFF, of No. 9, Barton Street, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING
STEAM."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for raising steam, and
consists of an improved and practical method of applying heat so as to avoid the
I
combustion of fuel in steam boilers on a large commercial scale. For this purpose
first heat a mass or masses of a suitable material, preferably cast-steel, to a high
temperature in a furnace, and then place the heated mass or masses into one or
more tubes or flues within the boiler, withdrawing them when cooled, and repeating
the process as often as may be necessary to obtain motive power for locomotive or
other purpose.
MENTS IN NECK-TIES OR SCARVES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Arthur Malam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1880.
JAMES ARTHUR MALAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN NECK-TIES OR SCARVES."
"IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is to form a neck-tie or scarf which will have the
appearance of being tied in a knot, but which is made of a perfectly flat piece
folded over a wire frame, from which it can be easily detached, and can be
reversed; or if made of washable material can be readily washed and ironed.
The frame is made of wire bent to the required form, and soldered together at
the points of junction.
The knot of the neck tie or scarf is made of a doubled piece of material about
eleven inches long, and two inches wide, having projecting from the centre at one
side a tab about two inches long, and about the same width, but slightly tapered;
this is placed over the wire frame, and the tab being folded down over the front of
the frame it is fastened thereto by means of a small stud, which passes through the
centre of the material, and through the tab (both being provided with stud holes
for that purpose), and through a ring or loop in the wire frame, so as to fasten the
whole together, and the ends are then folded over in front so as to form the
appearance of a knot.
This is held in its place by means of a long strip of the material, about eighteen
inches long, and (say) three quarters of an inch wide, made from a piece about
twice that width and doubled.
This piece is fixed by a button or stud to the centre of the collar of the shirt at
the back, and each end is brought forward, passed through a loop in the back of
the wire frame, and hitched onto a sharp point to prevent it from slipping.
It will thus be evident that each tie is composed of two pieces perfectly flat, and
that the same wire frame may be used for any convenient number of ties or
scarves,
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES TO BE EMPLOYED IN MAKING HARD STEEL, SOFT STEEL, AND HOMOGENEOUS IRON."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Thomas and David Thomas
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1880.
"
SAMUEL THOMAS and DAVID THOMAS, both of Trowell, in the County of
Nottingham. IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES TO BE EMPLOYED IN MAKING HARD
STEEL, SOFT STEEL, AND HOMOGENEOUS IRON."
Our improved furnace is constructed at the sides, front, and back of water
boshes, connected together so as to allow of a current or currents of cold water to
pass through them; at one end of the furnace is a space for fuel, and at the opposite
end of the furnace is a chamber heated from the flues of the furnace; this chamber
contains pipes through which a blast of hot air is forced, the blast entering the
furnace at the sides, end, and top. The fuel chamber is supplied with a blast of
cold air from underneath the fire bars. The top of the furnace is arched in with
firebrick, and the whole of the walls are of fire brick enclosed in cast iron plates
bolted together and provided with openings closed by doors or cover plates; the
bottom of the furnace is of cast iron plates, upon the underside of which jets of
water play. A furnace so constructed we line with powdered flint at the sides
and on the bottom to a suitable depth, and upon this we place scrap iron and pig
iron in suitable proportions to make hard steel or fine grain iron, and pig iron to
make soft steel.
IN SCREWING TACKLE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Causer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1880.
WILLIAM GEORGE CAUSER, Mechanical Engineer, of Brougham House,
"IMPROVEMENTS
Queenshead Rd., Handsworth, in the County of Staffordshire.
IN SCREWING TACKLE."
My Invention relates to stocks & dies employed in screwing various descriptions
of metal tubes and bolts, and also to the dies employed in ordinary screwing
machines.
In my Invention I use cylindrical dies, upon the periphery of which threads are
cut after the manner of those in the ordinary die stock, which threads are suited
to the tube or bolt the said dies are intended to operate upon. On the upper
surface of the dies are recesses into which pieces are inserted, partly engaging with
the dies and partly with the body of the stock, in order to fix the dies when
operating on their work, the whole being secured in position by means of a cover
plate & bolts passing through the dies & plate.
By preference I use two dies only with each stock, each of the said dies having
three or four threaded parts on its circumference, and being, therefore, capable of
cutting three or four sizes of tubes or bolts.
Also I use an adjustable arrangement of guide with this stock, the object being
to avoid as far as possible all loose dies & guides. The adjustable guide referred to
consists of two angular pieces of metal, so formed as to keep the die stock true and
square with the tube or bolt to be operated upon, & at the same time adjustable
to suit the varying diameters of the tubes or bolts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of THE TERMINAL ORNAMENTS OF METALLIC, BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF METALLIC FURNITURE."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Heath and Rowland Francis
Heath at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December
1880.
ALFRED HEATH and ROWLAND FRANCIS HEATH, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
THE TERMINAL ORNAMENTS OF METALLIC, BEDSTEADS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
METALLIC FURNITURE."
In the ordinary method of making the said terminal ornaments, the terminal
spherical part and the bulbous top of the pillar to which it is affixed, are made
from discs of sheet metal by the process of spinning, the two parts being connected
together by a neck made by casting, and finished by turning and screwing; the
parts being connected by a screwed pin taking into the screwed cast neck.
According to our Invention we make the spherical part of the ornament of two
hollow hemispheres, joined by burnishing the edge of one of the hollow hemispheres
over the edge of the other. The hollow hemisphere, which, in the finished
ornament, is presented to the bulbous top of the pillar, is provided with a neck
having the figure of the upper half of the neck of the finished ornament. The
bulbous part of the ornament, which fits on the top of the pillar, is made by
stamping and spinning; a disc of sheet metal is first formed by stamping into a
cup having a half neck similar to the half neck on the spherical part of the
ornament, and by the process of spinning the cup described is formed into the
required bulbous part of the ornament which fits on the top of the pillar.
In the half neck, formed in the spherical part of the ornament, a short piece of
strong tubing is brazed or soldered, and a screw thread is cut in the interior of this
tube.
In putting the parts together the two half necks are presented to each other, a
short protruding portion of the screwed tube in the upper half neck entering the
lower half neck, and the connecting screw pin is passed through the bulbous part
and made to engage in the concave screw in the half neck of the spherical part.
By driving home the said screw pin the parts are securely connected together.

page_text: Although, for convenience of description, we have described our Invention with
reference to terminal ornaments composed of spherical and bulbous parts, yet our
Invention is applicable to the manufacture of the said ornaments of all shapes
which can be produced by stamping and spinning.
By our improvements, great economy is effected in the manufacture of the said
terminal ornaments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DUMPING BOATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1880. A communication
from abroad by Nathan Barney, of Bergen Point, in the State of New Jersey,
United States of America.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lano, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF DUMPING BOATS." [A communication from abroad by Nathan Barney, of
Bergen Point, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to simplify and cheapen the construction of
dumping boats, whereby the liability to get out of repair, and the cost of labor for
working the boat, will be greatly reduced.
To this end the boat consists of two water tight compartments of suitable section
to form a receptacle for the material to be dumped. These compartments are
pivotted to opposite sides of a series of cross beams, which carry a platform or
deck. The end plates of these compartments are provided with cog teeth, which,
as the bottom is opened or closed, engage with each other, and guide the parts in
their proper position. These end plates carry lugs or projections, which engage
with projections on sliding bolts placed one at either end of the boat, and serve to
maintain the compartments either in the closed or open position, as required.
Each of these sliding bolts has a few teeth formed thereon, which take into pinions
keyed at the opposite ends of a rock shafts carried longitudinally of the boat, and
to which motion is communicated by a lever permanently attached thereto, or in
any other convenient manner. The rocking of this shaft will serve to disengage
the lugs or projections, and allow the bottom of the boat to open to discharge the
contents. When the load is discharged the buoyancy of the compartments will
cause the bottom to close automatically, and it is then secured by the sliding bolts
ready to receive another charge.
SECURING WHEELS TO AXLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Foster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1880.
DAVID FOSTER, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
SECURING WHEELS TO AXLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention relates to improvements in securing wheels to their axles.
This Invention relates, firstly, to that construction of wheel and axle in which
the axle is screwed or chased, and in which a "nut "is employed, my Invention
dispensing with the employment of a
"nut 37 ΟΙ "lock nut."
My Invention consists, firstly, in cutting a thread in or screwing the boss of the
wheel in which the axle is secured, thus dispensing with the "nut"
nut."
or " lock-
•
The axle and the boss of the wheel can be of ordinary form, the axle being
screwed or chased at the front or back of the wheel seat, and the said wheel being
screwed or chased in the front or back of the boss thereof for the reception of the
said axle. In carrying this part of my Invention into effect the hole in the boss of
the wheel and the axle will be taper or parallel, and the axle and a part of the boss
of the wheel will be threaded, screwed, or chased, the one fitting into the other, the
axle and the wheel boss will be grooved longitudinally to receive a key or keys,
and a key or keys of ordinary construction will be employed therewith in combi-
nation with the screwed or chased axle and the screwed or chased wheel boss for
the purpose of firmly securing the wheel to the axle.
My Invention consists, secondly, in securing wheels to axles by a method which
dispenses with screwing the axle and boss of the wheel, or screwing the axle and
employing a nut, that is to say, the axle and the hole in the boss of the wheel are
of circular form, and I make a key way or groove longitudinally through the boss
of the wheel, and employ therewith an ordinary koy, and I make in the boss of the
wheel a circumferential groove or key way (in the centre of the length of the boss
or otherwise). Upon the axle I form or fit a projection in length and height corre-
sponding to the length and depth of the circumferential groove in the boss. In
fitting together the axle and wheel I enter the axle in the boss with the projection
thereon in the longitudinal groove or key way, and when the said projection is

page_text: opposite the circumferential groove in the boss I rotate the axle so that the said
projection thereon enters the said circumferential groove in the boss of the wheel,
whereby the axle is held in position.
I then insert the ordinary key in the longitudinal groove or key way in the boss,
which acts on the axle and boss to prevent the axle from turning round in the boss,
and firmly secures the axle in the boss. The circular axle can be flattened or
grooved for the reception of the key, as is ordinarily done.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR ROCKETS, SQUIBS, AND OTHER FIREWORKS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Brock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1880.
CHARLES THOMAS BROCK, of South Norwood, in the County of Surrey,
Pyrotechnist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES FOR ROCKETS, SQUIBS, AND OTHER
FIREWORKS."
Heretofore cases for rockets and squibs and other like fireworks have been made
by hand. The small socket attached to a rocket case for the purpose of holding the
rocket stick has been tapering in character. This has rendered it necessary that
cach socket should be separately made, and a want of absolute uniformity has thus
been unavoidable, leading to unsteadiness in the flight of the rockets caused by ill
fitting sticks. The objects sought to be attained by my Invention are a greater
uniformity in the sizes and economy in the production both of rocket and squib
cases and of the socket attached to the former, and also a greater steadiness and
certainty of direction in the flight of rockets.
I have devised means for making cases for rockets, squibs, and other fireworks by
machinery, and I am thus enabled largely to reduce the cost of production by
manufacturing cases in greater lengths than is otherwise possible, and afterwards
cutting them up to the single lengths required. As to rockets, I substitute straight
sockets of suitable diameter made in like manner and cut into suitable lengths for
the hand made tapering sockets which have hitherto been employed, the end of the
socket stick which is to be inserted in the socket being shaped so as precisely to fit
the interior of the straight socket. By the employment of the straight socket as
before described, the rocket stick is held and kopt parallel throughout to the rocket
case.
By preference I employ a square stick, the end which is to be inserted in the
socket, being made circular by machinery. The use of the straight rocket and the
employment of machinery enables me to adjust the stick to the socket with an
exactness not hitherto found possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROCKING OR OSCILLATING HORSES OR CHAIRS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1880.
EVAN DAVIES, of the City of Chester, Plumber. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ROCKING OR OSCILLATING HORSES OR CHAIRS, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The Invention relates to those kinds of rocking or oscillating horses and chairs
more especially used for nursery and similar purposes, and fixed upon rocking or
oscillating rods or bars, in lieu of the ordinary cradle or rockers.
To effect the improvements I attach the horse or chair, or other form of carrier,
by means of pin joints to one or two upright rods or bars, by preference to two.
The bottom or other ends of these bars are affixed by like pin joints to the main
framing of the apparatus. In front and rear of these rocking rods or bars are one
or more strong spiral or other springs, attached at one end to the rods or to the
horse or chair, and at the other end to the main framing aforesaid, or to a suitable
bracket attached thereto.
To prevent any accident to the rider in case of the breakage of a spring, I encase
the spiral or other springs in a tube or case firmly attached to the hook or rod at
one end, and which tube or case has at the other end a small opening for the
connecting rod only of the spring to pass through, so that in case the spring breaks
the thick end of the connecting rod or broken portion of the spring comes up to
the end of the tube or case, which thus forms a dead stop, and so prevents the
horse or chair from falling forwards or backwards beyond such dead stops so
formed.
More than one horse or chair, or a combination of both, may be fitted to the one
framing, and more than one pair of springs may be employed, and other variations
may be made without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention,
which mainly consists in the application of the safety apparatus before described.
IMPROVED TYPE COMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING MACHINE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Hilfiker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1880.
ARNOLD HILFIKER, of Sun Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED TYPE COMPOSING AND DISTRIBUTING MACHINE."
"AN
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved type composing and
distributing machine, which is simple in its action, easy to manipulate, not liable
to get out of order, and which occupies but little space.
In carrying out my Invention I provide an inclined channel or trough, the
upper end of which is open to the "formes" containing the type to be distributed.
Into this channel or trough the type fall by their own weight, and come against a
spring and a stop. I provide a combination of mechanism consisting of a lever
and spring, a bell crank or knee lever and a lifter, and a number of buttons or
keys, and by operating the required button or key corresponding with the first
type in the channel or groove the said type is raised over the herein before described
stop, and falls by its own weight into a slide or shoot in communication with a
number of inclined tubes or channels placed one above the other, one for each type,
and the proper button being pressed the type will pass into its corresponding tube,
and so on, the tubes being of sufficient length to contain the required number of
type for use, but the capital letters are conveyed into a separate box. Each of
the said inclined tubes is provided near its lower end with a stop for the type.
It is to be understood that the person distributing the type reads from a paper
printed from the "forme" of type which is to be distributed, and as an additional
precaution to ensure accuracy I provide a mirror, in which the type to be dis-
tributed are reflected as they come forward.
For composing each of the said inclined tubes or channels is provided with a
hole opposite the stop in the tube, and by passing any suitable instrument into the
tube containing the letters, one of which is required, the first type therein is lifted
over the stop and falls forward by its own weight into a vertical slide or shoot,
provided at its lower part with a spring lever fixed on an axis, the other end of
the axis carrying a lever, the free end of which bears against the tail of a spring
catch gearing into the teeth of a ratchet toothed rack on a receiving "stick;" the
weight of the falling type moves the spring lever, and the type falls into the
receiving "stick." The said spring lever in moving operates the other lever, which

page_text: moves the catch out of the teeth of the rack, and the receiving "stick" is moved
forward the required distance or space for one type, and the parts retake their
normal position ready for the next type. The capital letters are placed by hand
in the vertical slide, which is left open at the top for that purpose. The receiving
"stick" being full is removed and replaced by another, and the type set up in the
receiving "stick" is removed and placed in the "forme" in the ordinary
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BENDING AND TWISTING THE ARMS OF PULLIES, DRUMS, OR WHeels of WroughT IRON OR OTHER Metal
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James and John Jackson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1880.
THOMAS JAMES, Secretary to the Reading Iron Works, Limited, and JOHN
JACKSON, Foreman in the employ of the said Company, of Reading, in the County
of Berks. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BENDING AND TWISTING THE
ARMS OF PULLIES, DRUMS, OR WHeels of WroughT IRON OR OTHER Metal.”
This machine is arranged and constructed so as to bend each arm of a pulley,
drum, or wheel into such a shape that the radial parts may form one half of two
consecutive arms, as well as the segment of the circle between them. The arm
so bent would thus bear a resemblance to the letter V, having the top ends of such
letter connected by the arc of a circle.
In addition to the bending of the arm, as above described, the machine is
arranged so as to twist the radial portions of such arm. The material of which
these arms is constructed heing of half round, flat, or other section.
The nachine is constructed so as to bend and twist the arms either cold or hot.
The bending operation is performed by one, two, or more rolls. Two or more of
these rolls are fixed in a frame which has a motion round a fixed centre.
The corners of the arın are bent by means of this frame, which causes one of the
rolls to roll the arın between it and another roll, which is situated upon the axis
of motion.
The bending of the circular are between the straight portions of the arm is
accomplished by the arm being passed between the rolls before mentioned, and
over a third, the frame carrying the first set being at the time held in a fixed
position.
'
The third roll is capable of adjustment so as to roll the circular part of the arm
to any desired radius.
In order to twist the straight portion of the arms, the arms are fixed together
after they have been bent, and the straight portion being held in a vice or clip
(which is fixed to a sliding standard), the curved portion being at the same time
gripped by another vice or clip, which is capable of being revolved through a
portion of a circle.
The grip or vice last mentioned is then turned through a portion of a circle and
so twists the arm. This grip or vice receives its motion from the frame carrying
the rolls, or it may be actuated by a separate lever wheel or other mechanical
device.
A METHOD OF PRODUCING IN GLASS AN IMITATION OF TORTOISE-SHELL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Adolphus Wittmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1880. Partly a
communication from abroad by Francis Pohl, of Silesia, in the Empire of
Germany, Chemist.
SIDNEY ADOLPHUS WITTMANN, of No. 42, Great Marlborough Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Glass Merchant. "A METHOD OF PRODUCING IN GLASS
AN IMITATION OF TORTOISE-SHELL." [Partly a communication from abroad by
Francis Pohl, of Silesia, in the Empire of Germany, Chemist.]
This Invention consists in producing in glass an imitation of tortoise shell.
In carrying out the said Invention a bulb is blown of a dark brown glass, and
another of a light brown glass, and the said bulbs are broken into fragments of
various sizes, or several bulbs of different shades of brown are blown and broken
into fragments. A bulb of plain glass is then blown, and the upper part is cut off
from the lower part which adheres to the blow pipe. While the said plain glass
bulb is being blown another blower blows another bulb of plain glass, and dips it
in and rolls it among the fragments of brown glass aforesaid, which are thereby
caused to adhere to the said bulb. The bulb with the fragments adhering thereto
is then inserted in the cut off portion of the first named plain glass bulb and the
two are blown together. The whole is then rewarmed and swung and drawn out
as one bulb and treated in the manner ordinarily practised in preparing glass for
the manufacture therefrom of vessels and other articles, and the required vessels or
articles are formed from the bulb so prepared in the ordinary manner.
When the fashioning of the vessels or articles is completed they are coated or
painted with a solution of chloride of silver and yellow ochre or with other suitable
materials for producing a yellow stain and afterwards fired.
IMPROVED BRAKE FOR CARRIAGE WHEELS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Griffiths at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1880.
JAMES GRIFFITHS, of Ludlow, in the County of Salep, Carriage Builder.
IMPROVED BRAKE FOR CARRIAGE WHEELS."
AN
This Invention relates to improved brake-mechanism which is especially
applicable to carriages having two or four wheels.
The improved brake-mechanism is intended to be actuated by the foot, the
treadle or part upon which the foot acts forming the fore-end of a lever, and
projecting up through a retaining notch or slot in the body of the vehicle in a
convenient position for the application of the foot. The machine may however
be actuated by hand, the fore end of the lever being suitably shaped.
The rear part of the lever which extends beneath the body of the vehicle is
pivoted near its rear end to a support or bracket rising from the axle centrally
of its length, and its rear extremity is jointed to or connected with a spring
which extends across between two supports rising from the axle just on the inner
side of or adjacent to the springs by which the body of the vehicle is supported.
The brake-spring extends beyond each of such supports, and at each such projecting
part or end it is formed as or fitted with a brake-block, the blocks being arranged
so as to exert pressure upon the stocks of opposite wheels.
"
The action of the improved brake mechanism is as follows:-The brake-blocks
are put-on" the stocks of the wheels by depressing the lever by the foot or
otherwise until a catch immediately under the treadle engages with the underside
of the notch or slot through which the lever passes; by these means the brake is
automatically kept in action as long as is desired. This depression of the lever
raises the centre of the spring, and consequently depresses its ends and the brake-
blocks upon the stocks of the wheels.
The pressure exerted by the brake-blocks
is relieved when desired simply by depressing the lever so as to release its catch
from the detaining-notch, and it may be graduated to any desired extent by varying
the pressure of the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND ASSORTING TEA
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Whyte at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1880.
DAVID WHYTE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Tea
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND ASSORTING TEA."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of machinery
or apparatus for cutting tea for assortment, specially designed to simplify such
machines or apparatus, and render them more efficient in their action than as here-
tofore constructed.
The improved machine or apparatus consists under one modification of a large
vertical cylindrical vessel with a wooden or metallic case, and fitted with a wire
cloth bottom somewhat like a sieve, into which the tea to be cut or treated is
placed, and subjected to a rubbing or grinding process by means of one, two, or
more horizontal wooden or metal arms, also covered with wire cloth (but preferably
of a coarser mesh) on their lower surface, between which and the wire cloth bottom,
with which these arms are kept in contact, the tea is rubbed, and thereby cut to
the desired degree of fineness. These horizontal revolving arms are fitted radially
round a central vertical spindle, and extend out to near the inner periphery of the
containing cylindrical vessel; and this vertical spindle is carried and made to
revolve in bearings formed in supporting cross bars or beams fitted below the wire
cloth botton and across the upper edge of the cylinder. This spindle and its
horizontal arms are preferably driven by means of a bevil pinion on the vertical
shaft in gear with a bevil pinion on a horizontal spindle, carried in bearings over
the cylinder and actuated by a hand crank, or it may be by a pulley driven by a
belt from a motive power shaft. The horizontal revolving rubbing or grinding arms
are kept pressed in contact with the wire cloth bottom of the cylindrical vessel by
means of a spiral, or bow, or other spring or springs, or by weights, or simply by
the weight of the arms themselves when these are made of metal. The tea, which
is fed in by band or through a hopper, when partially ground or cut between the
wire cloth rubbing surfaces, falls through the meshes of the wire cloth bottom
into any ordinary receiver placed underneath, whence it may be removed at
convenient intervals.
In a second modification of the improved apparatus the rubbing, cutting, or
grinding surfaces formed by the bottom of the vessel and the revolving arms are

page_text: made of perforated or honey-combed iron or steel plates, or the bottom of the
vessel only may be made of a perforated plate, and the revolving arms made of
wood or metal covered with wire cloth, or vice versa; in any case the tea to be
treated being fed in and cut between the rubbing surfaces, and falling through the
perforated bottom as in the previous modification described, the arrangement of
driving mechanism being also substantially the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRESSING TABLES AND WASHING STANDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Siegenberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th September 1880.
LEWIS SIEGENBERG, of Upper Holloway, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRESSING TABLES AND WASHING
STANDS."
The object of this Invention is so to construct dressing tables and washing
stands of the better class that they may be readily taken to pieces for convenience
of packing, and when put together will be stronger and more rigid than those
made in the ordinary manner, and will also have a handsomer appearance.
To this end I form the top frame and top, which latter may be of wood or
marble, as preferred, in the usual manner, and I secure to the top frame the legs,
foot board, and other parts as hereafter described. The front legs I form of metal
(preferably of brass) and hollow, and I connect them to the top frame and foot
board by means of bolts inserted from the bottom and passing through the foot
board, hollow legs, and the bottom rail of top frame. The bolts are provided with
nuts, by which the parts may be drawn tightly together. The back legs I mako
of wood, and provide them with lugs or ears of metal, by which they may be
secured to the foot board and top frame by thumb screws.
In adapting my Invention to what are known as "duchesse" dressing tables the
drawers and looking glass are formed in one piece, and separately from the tablo
top. This part of the table is provided on its underside with slotted projections,
which enter and pass through slots in the table top, and receive wedges, by which
the drawers and glass are secured to the table top. The looking glass alone may
be secured in the same manner, if desired, to the table top.
The back piece of the washing stand I form of looking glass, which is mounted
in a suitable frame. This frame has projecting pieces, by which it may be secured
to the table top in the manner described above, or which may be secured to the
top frame by thumb screws.
The remaining portions of the washing stand will be constructed as before
explained.
When required to be packed the parts can be readily disconnected, the legs
being placed inside the top frame, which will be placed upon the foot board with
the other parts laid flat above it, the whole being secured together by straps or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Jones, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS FOR
NAVIGABLE VESSELS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1880.
CHARLES JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
MENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS."
"IMPROVE
In the event of the submerged screw propeller of a steam ship having a broken
blade it is at present the practice to place the ship in graving dock, either to
fit on a new screw or to burn on a fresh blade piece. This practice entails detention
of the steamer and considerable loss to the owner.
Now the object of my Invention is to so construct screw propellers that in the
event of a blade or blades being carried away, pitted, broken, or worn out, it or
they can be renewed as easily when the vessel is afloat as when in dock.
For the above purpose I make each blade of the propeller in two or more lengths,
counting from the boss to the tip. The said lengths are formed with flanges, or
equivalent devices, and are connected together by screwed bolts and nuts, or other
suitable securing agents.
As it usually happens that only the tip or tips of a blade or blades is or are
broken or worn out, such tip or tips can easily be replaced on propellers constructed
under my Invention without dry docking the steamer.
It will be evident that my Invention is applicable to screw propellers generally
of the many shapes that have been used, whether of uniform or varying pitch.
SPRING GLOVE FASTENER."
Year: 1880

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Edward Wiley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
SPRING GLOVE FASTENER."
<< A
I take a piece of wire made of any suitable metal, and bend it to the form of a
safety pin with a catch. Buttons or studs may be fixed to the catch.
Any number of catches can be used by continuous links added, so as to form a
chain, the hooks being put on one side and the catch on the other, making a series
of fastenings adapted to supply the place of any number of buttons on gloves or
on other articles of dress where it is desirable to dispense with button holes.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Wiley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty, A.D.
5 Witness,
J. W. MILLIGAN,
36, Lancaster St.,
Birmingham,
Secretary.
WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ruddiman Johnston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1880.
THOMAS RUDDIMAN JOHNSTON, of 3, Grove Park Terrace, Chiswick, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in warming the carriages of
railway trains. For this purpose I employ steam taken from the boiler of the.
locomotive. Close to the boiler is a screw valve for regulating the amount of
steam used for warming the carriages, and beyond it a reducing valve for reducing
the steam pressure, say, to 30 lbs., or to any other desired pressure. An iron pipe
is carried along the bottom of every carriage, and from it branches go into each
compartment. In each compartment is a heater or heaters, to the interior of which
steam is to be admitted. The sides of these heaters are of sheet copper corrugated,
so as to give an extended heating surface. The heaters are preferably secured to
the floor below the seats of the carriages, so as to be out of the way. Two branch
pipes from the main steam pipe are connected to each heater, one to admit steam
to the heater from the pipe, the other to permit the steam which has passed
through the heater to return back into the steam pipe. Where each branch pipe
is led off from the steam pipe a three way cock is placed. By turning these cocks
the steam can either be caused to pass through the heater or can be shut off from
the heater, and allowed to pass forward unimpeded along the steam pipe; or the
three way cocks might be dispensed with, and the steam be at all times, when the
warming apparatus is in use, caused to pass in succession through all the heaters
in a train of carriages. The steam pipe fixed along each carriage has at its ends a
length of flexible pipe secured to it, carrying one half a coupling, so that the length
of steam pipe on one carriage may be coupled up to the length of steam pipe on the
next carriage; and similarly the first carriage is coupled up to the steam supply
pipe from the boiler of the locomotive.
If the condensed water is allowed to blow off at the end of the train a single
pipe along each carriage would answer.
If the condensed water has to return to the tender, piping would be laid down
one side of the train and back the other side, branches going up to the heaters.
At the last carriage the two india rubber pipes might be coupled together, on a
D...9.11

page_text: cross pipe with two three way cocks at each end of every carriage might be used
to complete the .circuit.
Four heaters might be used in each compartment placed below and at the ends
of the two seats, or two heaters, or a single heater, might be placed in the centre
below each seat.
Or the heaters might be placed in the centre of the floor running the width of
the carriage, and might be arranged to act as foot warmers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAMPLE CASES FOR TRAVELLERS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CASES OR BOXES FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander James Eli and Philip
Hargan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1880.
ALEXANDER JAMES ELI, of No. 8, Grafton Place, Euston Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Publisher, and PILLIP HARGAN, of Thanet House, Bromfelde Road,
Clapham, in the County of Surrey, Publisher. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAMPLE CASES
FOR TRAVELLERS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CASES OR
BOXES FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
Our Invention has for its object the construction of sample and other cases or
boxes in such a manner that although compact and portable when shut, they are
capable of being opened out and placed in such a manner as to stand upon a table
or counter self sustained at an angle of forty five degrees, or at any other desired
angle, and conveniently to expose the articles contained therein to view.
We so construct such cases that either one, two, three, or four sides thereof is or
are permanently fixed, being attached to such fifth side by hinges so as to fall back
when opened. The sixth side, which forms the lid or doorway, is attached to one
fixed side in such a manner that when opened it can be moved through an angle
of 270 degrees, or thereabouts, falling back from the front of the box, and in that
position it is temporarily fixed by suitable catches, clasps, or bolts, and thus
becomes convenient strut to support the upper end at a suitable and convenient
angle (usually 45 degrees), while the foot or lower end rests on the table or counter.
When required to be fitted with a handle we form a recess in that side of the
case or box where the handle is required, the handle being flexible and having
suitable elastic appliances, whereby the handle falls into such recess out of the way
when the hand is withdrawn therefrom.
Such cases or boxes are capable of being made ornamental in form and otherwise,
and may be variously fitted and arranged either as travellers' sample cases, book or
reading stands, or for any other of the obviously numerous uses to which this our
Invention is adaptable, such as albums, music cases, and the like.
THE ALPHABETICAL PUZZLE, CHIEFLY ADAPTED FOR AN EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Richard Hall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1880.
CLEMENT RICHARD Hall, of Smallheath, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. "THE ALPHABETICAL PUZZLE, CHIEFLY ADAPTED FOR AN EDUCATIONAL
PURPOSE."
The object of this Invention, first, is to facilitate the teaching of the alphabet and
spelling to young children, and the acquisition of language, and to other purposes of
education, utility, and amusement. It consists ossentially of a simple and
economical arrangement, the which I will hereinafter describe, wheroby a simple
word or words formed by the combination of detachable or loose letters can be
displayed so that the attention of young people are attracted more agreeably and
the purpose effected with greater facility than by the olden method.
In carrying out this Invention, practically, I propose to employ a serios of blocks
of wood, or other suitable material, in form square or quadrilateral, although I do
not confino myself to this precise form. Upon each plano or surface of block I
illustrate with a letter, capital or small, so that each block receives six letters, in
all twenty six, so that I construct six independent alphabets; these are placed in a
box or case indiscriminately. When desired to spell a certain word at the upper-
most line of the case, one or more of the blocks are abstracted from the lower
part, thus allowing space for the removal of the other letters until reaching and
completing the word.
By another mode I propose to illustrate the blocks with selections from the animal
and vegetable kingdom, having one subject upon each surface, together with the
first letter indicative of the name of same, so that by taking one block with one
letter and illustration to form a word, and then a second letter also illustrated, and
so on until the word is completed. I prefer to arrango the blocks so that a capital
or a small letter of the same denomination shall be exhibited.
In arithmetic it assists the teacher and imparts knowledge the pupil.
It is obvious that it is possible to effect various changes in the combination or
arrangement of letters, words, or sentences, or parts, so that familiarity is obtained
with expressions in a language by this principle, vis., arranging the said blocks to
read the alphabet six ways, to spell words from one to five syllables, to spell words
with meanings, and sentences, employing stops, commas, colons, semicolons, &c.
This principle I propose also to employ as an advertising medium.
The introduction or illustration of localities, figures, music, colors, or, as above
described, selections from the animal and vegetable kingdom, &c., &c.,
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henderson, junior, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1880.
_JAMES HENDERSON, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
manner,
This Invention has for its object to construct steam boilers in an improved
and especially so as to be heated in an economical and satisfactory manner
by means of quickly burning fuel, such as chips or waste wood, megass, paddy
husk, and the like. The improved boilers are also well adapted for being heated
by coal or ordinary fuel, and are better adapted than many existing kinds of
boilers for using water containing sedimentary matter.
In carrying out the Invention a cylindrical drum or shell placed with its axis
horizontal forms the back end of the boiler and has united to the front upper part
of it one or more comparatively long cylindrical shells or tubes made with
hemispherical, or dished, or flat front ends. The furnace is placed beneath the
front end or ends of the long shell or shells, and the fire gases proceed thence under
the long shell or shells to the drum, and pass through tubes fixed through the drum
at the part beneath the long shell or shells and inore or less at the sides. As the
more intense heat will act on the front ends of the long shell or shells it is expected
that the water in the boiler will circulate in such a way that matters suspended in
it will become deposited in the bottom part of the drum at the back end, where no
injury can arise from overheating, and if necessary such circulation may be
promoted by leading one or more pipes from a suitable part of the drum forward
towards the furnace, and connecting the front end or ends of such pipe or pipes to
the long shell or shells.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBRES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Walsh and John Farran at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1880.
JAMES WALSH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and
JOHN FARRAN, of Darwen, in the County aforesaid, Mill Manager. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBRES."
The object of this our said Invention is by the use of improved apparatus to
secure equal tension or lightening of the breaking off chain, whereby uniform tension
on the yarn is secured, the cop being wound ovenly, that is to say, it has not
bard and soft parts as heretofore.
According to this our Invention we attach by stud to the ordinary trail lever a
curved or eccentric lever connected with the "backing off chain." There is also an
ante friction bowl or pulley, in such position as that during the traverse of the
carriage the curved lever is brought in contact with the pulley or bowl referred
to, the curved or eccentric lever being thereby operated so that the "backing off
snail" is pulled over, and the slack of the backing off chain is taken up, ensuring
the regular formation of the cop.