Improvements in the Means and Apparatus for Heating and Ventilating Railway Carriages.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1892-Accepted. 24th Sept., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means and Apparatus for Heating and
Ventilating Railway Carriages.
I ROBERT BELL of 29 Lynedoch Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Doctor of Medicine and a Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians and
Surgeons, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention which relates to improvements in the means and apparatus for
heating and ventilating railway carriages, has for its objects to provide a simple,
efficient, and cheap apparatus to supply fresh atmospheric air in a warm, heated or
cooled condition, or at its own temperature, as distinct from heating and cooling air
which is already vitiated, my arrangement also being effected without giving any
draughty effects.
In describing my invention I will refer to the accompanying drawings in which
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are sectional elevations of part of a railway carriage
showing various modifications of my said invention.
Referring to the said drawings, I suitably mount or otherwise attach or fix
underneath the carriage a length of metal or other piping A. or it may be a
wooden conduit, in which the air is heated before passing to the compartments
which it does by means of the branch pipes or outlets a, one, two or more of which
pass into each compartment, said ontlets a may be arranged as shown in Figure 1
that is to say cach compartment is provided with one outlet pipe a the top end of
which is provided with a suitable register grating and if desired a wire gauze dust
guard, or as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4 in which case there would be two outlets a
one underneath each seat as shown so as to cause the heated air to impinge against
the undersides of the seats and be thereafter diffused throughout the whole
compartment.
As shewn in Figure 1 the supply of air to be heated in the pipe A. (which has its
one end closed, preferably, by means of a tapped plug or screwed cover) is obtained
by means of the forward movement of the train causing a quantity of the atmo-
spheric air to pass down the upright supply pipe B, the said supply pipe being
connected at its lower end to the main pipe A, and provided at its top end above
the carriage roof with a suitable T shaped piece & having one way acting valves or
shutters CC, mounted within or connected to it in such a manner as only to
permit of one valve C being opened when the train is going in the direction of
arrow 1, and the other valve C is closed so as to cause the air which passes
through the valve C to pass down the pipe B which is preferably provided with a
suitable regulating cock D. Or as shewn in Figure 21 may dispense with
the upright pipe B, T shaped piece, and regulating cock D, in which case I
mount the one way acting valves or shutters C, C', at either end of main pipe A
which is preferably bent downwards or provided with bent pieces as shown so as to
the better catch the current of air when the train is in motion.
Or as shown in Figure 3, I may employ the upright pipe B, and regulating
cock D and provide the top end of pipe B with a suitable revolving bell mouth
piece F having a vane so as to always keep the bell mouth pointing in the right
direction. Or as shown in Figure 4, I may employ in lieu of the T piece band
valves C, C, or revolving mouth piece F, a revolving fan arrangement G, con-
sisting of a light circular fan g which is mounted on the top end and partly inside the
stationary month piece of the upright pipe B; the said fan is made of any
suitable shape and material and is mounted as to be revolved by the air currents
and so force a quantity of air down the pipe B into main pipe A and also owing to

page_text: the fan revolving any foreign matter, such as dust, insects, and such like are
prevented from entering the pipes. Also by the arrangement shown in Figure 4
the circulation of air will more or less be kept up when the train is at a standstill,
by means of the draughts and currents of air which generally prevail at railway
stations driving the fan and forcing the air into the pipes. It will be noticed
that Figure 4 shows a ventilating or cooling arrangement only as hereinafter
described.
In either of the foregoing arrangements the air after being admitted to the main
pipe A is heated there by means of a small steam pipe E, which extends the whole
length of the train and is supplied with steam, which may be either live or exhaust
from the engine, and which after passing through the various lengths of pipes gets
free egress at the rear end of the train, thus removing all danger from pressure.
The amount of steam supplied by the pipe E, and therefor the amount of heat to
the carriages being regulated through the medium of a suitable cock on said pipe,
inside the cab of the engine and under the control of the engine-driver. The said
steam pipe E is preferably made up of lengths of pipe, one length being provided
for each carriage, as shown, and suitably connected to each other by means of
couplings, flexible joints or otherwise, so as to allow the steam to pass from the
engine to the rear end of last carriage, and in so doing heat the air in the various
pipes A before the said air passes into the compartments.
In warm weather when the air in the carriage does not require heating but
requires ventilating, my apparatus may be used for such by merely shutting off the
supply of steam from the engine, and by so doing only allow the ordinary
atmospheric air to pass in through the pipes A, and branches a, to the various
compartments of the train.
Or when desired to use my apparatus for ventilating purposes alone, I may
dispense with the use of the steam pipe E and its connections.
Also in accordance with my invention as regards its use for ventilating purposes
in which it is desired to cool the air before passing it into the compartments I may
suitably mount an ice chamber H, (as shown in Figure 4) or it may be a cold water
chamber, so as to cause condensation or evaporation to take place, the said chamber
is preferably mounted near the junction of the two pipes A and B, and so arranged
that the air has to pass through this chamber before reaching the main pipe A,
which is further kept cool, as well as the upright pipe B, by means of an absorbent
jacket of soft material J, which obtains its moisture from the condensed or melted
ice or water in the chamber H, by means of the ends of the jacket dipping into
j
the chamber or by means of small supply pipes j; the said arrangement will be
very suitable for hot climates and may be used in combination with any of the air
entering arrangements shown in the drawings. Also if desired I may employ two
upright supply pipes and air entering devices, one being arranged at either end of
each carriage.
The said arrangements are such that a train fitted with any of my apparatus for
heating would have each carriage supplying itself with a supply of atmospheric air,
so as to be heated in the pipes A before passing into the compartments, by the
steam pipe E. Or if the arrangement was for ventilating, each carriage would
be supplying its various compartments with the atmospheric air. Or if pro-
vided with an ice or water chamber, the compartments would be supplied with
cooled air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1st. In heating railway carriages, the arrangement and combination of a heating
pipe A having branches a one or more upright pipes B with regulating cock D
one way acting valves C C¹ and a steam pipe E, as shewn in Figure I whereby
fresh atmospheric air in a heated condition is supplied.
2nd. In heating railway carriages the arrangement and combination of a heating

page_text: pipe A, branches a, one way acting valves C, C and steam pipe E, as shewn in
Figure 2 whereby fresh atmospheric air in a heated condition is supplied.
3rd. In ventilating railway carriages, the arrangement and combination of
pipe A, branches a, and one way acting valves C and C' either with or without the
upright pipe or pipes B and regulating cock D whereby fresh atmospheric air is
supplied.
4th. In heating railway carriages the arrangement and combination of a heating
pipe A, having branches a, an upright pipe B with regulating cock D revolving
bell mouth piece F, and vane and a steam pipe E, as shewn in Figure 3, whereby
fresh atmospheric air in a heated condition is supplied.
5th. In ventilating railway carriages, the arrangement and combination of a
pipe A having branches a, an upright pipe B having cock D, and a revolving bell
month piece F having vane f, whereby fresh atmospheric air is supplied.
6th. In heating railway carriages, the arrangement and combination of a heating
pipe A having branches a an upright pipe B, with cock D and a revolving
fan 9. and steam pipe E whereby fresh atmospheric air in a heated condition is
supplied.
7th. In ventilating or cooling railway carriages the arrangement and combination
of a pipe A having branches a, and upright pipe B with cock D, an air entering
device, an ice or water chamber H, and an absorbent jacket J as shewn in Figure 4,
whereby fresh atmospheric air, in a cooled condition, is supplied.
Dated thin with IT..1 1000
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.
JOHNSONS,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.