matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORN AND SEED DRILLS AND MANURE DISTRIBUTORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Willoughby and Samuel
Willoughby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th November 1871.
We, JOSEPH WILLOUGHBY, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Engineer, and SAMUEL WILLOUGHBY, of Stonehouse, in the said County,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORN AND SEED DRILLS AND MANURE
DISTRIBUTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain combinations and arrangements of
mechanism whereby corn, seed, or manure, can be delivered and distri-
buted with great regularity, and at any desired speed.
One or more troughs, bins, or receptacles upon travelling wheels are
employed as in the corn and seed drills and manure distributors
ordinarily employed, the same having depending therefrom one or more
tubes, in the interior of which respectively is placed an archimedean
screw.

page_text: requisite form, or may be constructed in the same manner as the spiral
brushes in general use for cleansing the flues of multitubular boilers, or
may be formed of one or more tubes wound around a central bar.
The necessary rotary motion for the screws is derived from one or
more of the travelling wheels of the implement, and the speed at which
the screws shall rotate is governed and regulated by simple methods of
adjustment of wheel arrangements which are well known and under-
stood. The speed at which the screws rotate together with their
diameter and pitch, which are regulated according to the result desired
to be attained, determine the quantity of corn, seed, or manure which
is to be delivered in a given time, such regulation being affected by
arrangements which are well known and understood.
The corn, seed, or manure is conducted to the ground by means of
cups and tines, or by other well known methods.
When manure being sown broad cast is found to become compressed
and hard by passing through the tubes, a breaking cage or disintegrator
having motion derived from one or more of the travelling wheels of the
implement is placed under the tubes to receive the manure as it falls,
and to scatter the same.
AN IMPROVED HEAD REST FOR PROMOTING THE COMFORT OF RAILWAY PASSENGERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Buckland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1871.
I, CHARLES BUCKLAND, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorganshire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
HEAD REST FOR PROMOTING THE COMFORT OF RAILWAY PASSENGERS," to be as
follows:-
Railway passengers experience great discomfort from inability to
obtain any support to the head without subjecting it to the unpleasant
vibration of the carriage, which renders reading not only unpleasant but
prejudicial to the sight, and is a great obstacle to the obtaining of
refreshing sleep.
.
My novel apparatus, which I propose to term the railway passengers
sleeping and reading suspender, is intended to obviate the discomfort
above signalized, and is composed essentially of a piece of padded cloth
or other suitable material shaped to give comfortable support to the head,
and of an elastic suspender at each end of this piece for suspending it
from hat rail or other convenient point above the seat of the carriage.

page_text: T
Fig. 1, of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings shows in plan and side
view an apparatus embodying my Invention, a indicating the padded
head rest; b, elastic webbing; c, suspension straps or bands; d, hook
to be passed into one or other of the holes e. to suspend the apparatus at
any desired height; or any suitable means may be adopted to fix the
apparatus in position. Fig. 2, front view of same, with suspenders passed
over hat rail of railway carriage, as used by passenger whilst in a sitting
position. Fig. 3 illustrates the method of using apparatus by passenger
when sleeping or in a recumbent position.
The elasticity need not necessarily be given as indicated by b; the
straps or suspenders may themselves be wholly elastic or have a metal,
an india-rubber, or any suitable spring at any convenient part thereof.
The head of the passenger being thrown back on to the head piece a
will no longer be subject to vibration but experience simply a gentle
swaying motion when the lateral jerks of the carriage become violent,
and the motion will be so gentle that a sleeper will scarcely be awakened
by the stoppage of the train, a great boon to night travellers over long
distances.
וח
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC SIGNALLING Apparatus
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander Lyttle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th June 1871.
-
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER LYTTLE, of the Grove, Hammersmith, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC SIGNALLING Apparatus," to be
as follows:-
I provide the instrument known as the single needle with a case,
the front of which is made of light resonant wood, like the belly of a
violin. To the top of this case I attach a stem, like the shank or stem
to which the strings of a violin are fastened. If, however, the case is
made long enough the stem can be dispensed with. To this stem or to
the top of the case at the middle I attach two strings or wires which
pass vertically down the front of the case and at such distance on either
side of the needle indicator that the indicator shall strike them on its
movements to either side. The pegs by which these strings should be
tuned may be either at the top or bottom of the case or top-of the
stem. Messages can thus by signalled by sound or by sight and sound
together.

page_text: In order to counteract the effects of moderate atmospheric or earth
currents, for which purpose the dial is now generally made rotary, I
provide one or two permanent magnets, which on being shifted to
suitable positions around the coils inside or outside the case are able
to correct the disturbing deflections.
A needle or light lever striking one or two wires (one of the two
acting as back-stop) strained against a sounding box or case can on
the same principle be employed to signal messages. by the Morse code
of long and short beats. In that case, and wherever the reading is to be
by sound only, no provision need be made for reading by sight. When
the reading is to be only by sound, the case and wire or wires had better
be horizontal, and the coils can be made rotaray or otherwise moveable
for the correction of disturbing deflections.
E
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR Traction Engines and Waggons
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Burton and Robert
Weston Burton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st March 1871.
We, ROBERT BURTON and ROBERT WESTON BURTON, both of the
Steam Plough Works, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF WHEELS FOR Traction Engines and Waggons,” to be as follows :—
The purpose of this Invention is to construct road wheels in such
manner that the bearing portion of the wheel shall always take a
flattened shape, and so increase the bearing surface in contact with the
road or land on which it is moving, which is important, especially in
the case of driving wheels. To effect this we make a wheel, mainly
of two discs or parts, secured together by an outer or ring plate; and
in the space between these two parts we fix a cam to the axle which does
not revolve. The cam is so shaped that radial arms which work in
guides through the outer ring plate are caused as they approach a
vertical position' under the axle, to move inwards towards the centre, and
thus as the wheel revolves a flattened part is constantly formed on the
outer periphery in contact with the road. The sliding arms cach carry

page_text: a friction roller, working against the fixed cam, and at their opposite
ends they may be connected by links, or they may carry separate plates
or shoes.
When required to obtain a greater hold of the road than can be got
with flat surface plates, we use corrugated plates, rivetted or otherwise
secured to the bars or links connecting the radial sliding arms. Such
wheels may be constructed with steel or india-rubber springs or buffers,
so connected to the fixed cam as to act between the axle and the bearing
surface of the wheel.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING WOOL AND OTHER FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1871.—A communication from abroad by Leon Allart,
of Roubaix, Nord, France, Manufacturer.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declaro the nature of tho said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF
AND APPARATUS FOR DYEING WOOL AND OTHER FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has reference to an improved process of dyeing wool
and other filamentous materials when in the form of slivers or threads,
whereby regular alternating bands of different colours are produced
thereon, which in the ulterior operations of spinning and weaving
become thoroughly disseminated throughout the fabric, producing a
clouded appearance of great uniformity.
The process is carried out by means of an apparatus of very simple
construction, which permits of the operation of dyeing being carried on
in an ordinary bath, without in any way increasing the labour beyond
that required for dyeing in uniform colours.

page_text: The apparatus consists of two open frames having transverse bars at
distances apart in the form of gratings, the bars and spaces of the one
frame being made to correspond exactly with those of the other frame.
These frames are placed one on cach side of a sheet metal plate having
precisely similar bars and spaces, round which plate the wool or other
material to be dyed is in the first instance wound in a direction trans-
versely to the said bars. The frames having been placed over the plate
so that the bars and spaces of each frame exactly overlie those of the
plate they are tightened down by bolts and nuts so as to nip the wool
firmly between the bars. The combined apparatus together with the
wool is then steeped in an ordinary bath for dyeing of any desired
colour, whereupon those parts of the wool situated in the spaces between
the bars will take up the dye, while those parts which are covered by
the bars will remain intact, and will consequently retain their original
colour, and by this means bands of colour will be produced upon the
wool or other fibre as before stated. The parts of the wool or other fibre
covered by the bars may either be of the natural colour of the fibre, or if
desired the wool or other fibre may in the first instance be dyed of a
uniform light tint before being subjected to the above process, so that
the parts covered by the bars may be of such light tint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY SLABBING AND BLOOMING IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dorrell and John Frederick
Rudge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th May 1871.
We, JOHN DORRELL, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Iron Roller, and JOHN FREDERICK RUDGE, of Swan Inn, Smethwick,
in the County of Stafford, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
SLABBING AND BLOOMING IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
FOR
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
machinery for slabbing and blooming iron and steel, by which improve-
ments puddled balls of iron and steel are squeezed and rolled into slabs
or blooms, thoroughly worked, and having good sides and square ends
which slabs roll into bars having good square ends with little or no
waste.
The said machinery made according to our Invention consists essentially
of the following construction and arrangement of parts. We mount
upon a horizontal shaft a large or principal roll having deep bell-mouthed
corrugated flanges, and provided with transverse ribs on the barrel part.
An eccentrically fixed concave guard or plate having corrugations on

page_text: its concave surface is fixed near the said roll in such a position that
the ball or iron or steel to be operated upon, when thrown between the
flanges of the roll is carried against the said guard and is rolled and
squeezed between the barrel and flanges of the roll and the said guard.
As the ball passes the lower end of the guard it is brought against an
upcast roll, between which and the principal roll it is operated upon.
The ball is made to rotate much quicker by the said upcast roll, but
its descending motion is continued owing to the superior velocity of the
principal roll. The ball on leaving the upcast roll in the form of a
cylindrical bloom passes sideways between a bottom roll and the
principal roll, by the action of which it is compressed into a slab or
mould ready to be rolled into a forge or puddled bar. The principal
roll is kept to its working bearing by means of a weighted lever, and
the upcast roll has no adjustment, that is, its axis turns in stationary
bearings.
When it is wished to produce blooms for narrow bars and billets we
bearings.
When it is wished to produce blooms for narrow bars and billets we
substitute longer principal and upcast rolls and dispense with the
bottom roll.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR PRESSING COTTON OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Olpherts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1871.
I, RICHARD OLPHERTS, of Ardee House, Ardee, in the County of
Louth, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR PRESSING COTTON OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows :—
The object of my Invention is to obtain increased speed, more parti-
cularly at the commencement of the pressing operation, while having
great power to overcome the increased resistance towards the end of the
operation.
My improvements consist in combining the principle of the alternately
right and left handed tangent screws and nuts as explained in the Pro-
visional Specifications lodged by me on the 22nd May 1871 (No. 1369)
and 10th June 1871 (No. 1539) respectively, with two followers or rams
working in opposite directions from the opposite ends or sides of the
press.

page_text: In carrying out the Invention I prefer to arrange the press
horizontally, and I either provide the beams of the two followers or
rams with separate tangent screw shafts and nuts, or I make the
longitudinal screws which pass through the beams right handed at one
end and left handed at the other to take into corresponding female
screws in the beams, so that when the tangent screw shaft is made to
rotate the two followers are caused to approach each other, pressing
the cotton or other substance between them. I thus obtain double the
pressing speed that is obtained with only one follower. If desired two
or more presses, each provided with two followers, may be arranged in
line so as to be worked simultaneously from the same tangent screw
shaft or shafts. A third follower may be used for each press working
at right angles to the other two followers.
1
In- PROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS FOOD
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Fennelly, of Wellington Chambers,
London Bridge, in the City of London, for the Invention of “In-
PROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS FOOD."
Scaled the 1st August 1871, and dated the 27th February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Fennelly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th February 1871.
I,' RICHARD FENNELLY, of Wellington Chambers, London Bridge,
5 in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES FOR USE AS FOOD," to
be as follows :-
:-

page_text: substance to be preserved is placed into a vessel capable of sustaining
considerable pressure, and brine or other suitable preservative Quid is
then run into the vessel. Afterwards the vessel is closed and its
contents are subjected to pressure by forcing in brine or preservative
fluid by means of a force pump, or it might be by putting the vessel
in communication with an elevated cistern containing the brine or
preservative fluid; or the pressure of steam might he employed, the steam
being caused to act on a piston resting on the surface of the brine. If
desired, the vessel after it has had the meat or animal substances placed
into it may be closed air-tight and then be exhausted of air previous to
allowing brine or preservative fluid to fill the vessel, and to subjecting
the contents of the vessel to pressure in the ways above described.
The meat or animal substance after being impregnated with pre-
servative fluid, as above described, is removed from the vessel and a
fresh quantity of meat or animal substance may then be treated in a
similar manner.
By the arrangements above described meat and animal substances
may with great rapidity be impregnated with preservative materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Jacob Brandt and Robert Lehr, both of
Baltimore, Maryland, and Charles George Fisher, and Theodore
C. Brecht, both of Washington, District of Columbia, all in the
United States of America.
Sealed the 25th July 1871, and dated the 16th May 1871.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 16th May 1871, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
5
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.

page_text: and exhaust port G, over which the main valves E, E, slide, the steam
being alternately admitted and exhausted as shown by the arrows,.
Figure 2.
The upper valves L¹ serve the same purpose as cut-offs,
excepting that they and the main steam valves are operated by the
steam itself instead of having to be operated by a starting bar as is
usual in other engines. On the upper side of the valves is arranged
a pin k upon which is placed the vibrating lever K, to the end of
which is attached the rod 1, and fastened to this is the starting lever
moving in the arc of a circle. The exhaust steam passes out through
the opening g, Figure 3, under the valves E and through the passage
running around the inside of the steam chest to the general opening or
outlet g¹.
By this arrangement the steam chest is kept heated a
great deal longer than it would otherwise be, thereby preventing
condensation. The steam is admitted to the steam chest through the
opening in the side thereof. The steam ports shown are very much
shortened, and the steam enters the cylinder much hotter than in the
usual construction of engines. The piston journal D' is extended on
cach side of the cylinder, and to the end thereof is attached a crank D²
on the pin of which the connecting rod H is fitted connecting direct to
the main crank i on the main shaft I, which is journalled in a suitable
bearing on the pedestal or pillow block. Upon this shaft I is placed a
pulley or other suitable gearing by which it may be connected to any
machinery to be driven.
•

page_text: Tenth. The arrangement of the valves E, E, pivot k, vibrating lever K,
and one common starting lever as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
Witness,
E. C. JACKSON.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Campbell Morfit at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April
1871.
I, CAMPBELL MORFIT, of Baltimore, Maryland, United States of
America, but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
** IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME," to be as
follows:-
:-
The Invention consists in the manufacture of superphosphate of lime
from cither natural or artificial di-phosphate of lime, thereby insuring
a product of very superior quality at the lowest possible cost of time,
labor, and money.
The mode of carrying my Invention into effect is as follows:-I take
the di-phosphate of lime in powder or pulp, and let it drop into a
mixing mill simultaneously and coequally with the chemical equi-
valent proportion of sulphuric acid which is requisite to convert it
wholly into bi-phosphate of lime, that is, the two ingredients should
enter the mixer as coincident and continuous thin streams; and then
the revolving stirrer kept in motion by steam or other power will

page_text: incorporate them thoroughly. The mixed mass then passes out through
an opening near the bottom into a steeply inclined gutter, which
leads into board or brick work enclosures. It then remains in these
receptacles until sufficiently hard and dry to be powdered for market.
The use of the neutral or di-phosphate of lime as basis material
is most advantageous in many particulars, more especially docs it
économise acid, the required proportion of this latter being only
about 0.32 of dry sulphuric acid (SO 3), or its equivalent in weaker
acid for every 1.00 of di-phosphate of lime.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mackay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1871.
I, WILLIAM MACKAY, of 76, De Gray Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in anchors consists in lessening the
weight by doing away with the stock, and consequently the cost of
construction, at the same time having more holding power by reason of
the anchor having four flukes or trees instead of two, as at present
in use.
In order that my Invention may be properly understood, reference is
made to the annexed Drawings, where Fig. 1 represents the anchor
laying flat, Fig. 2, a side view, and Fig. 3, a plan.
When the anchor is dropped, two of the flukes or trees a take firm
hold of the ground and buries the whole of the crown 6 into the earth,

page_text: and as soon as the earth reaches the level of the crown 6 the top flukes a
shewn more particularly in Fig. 2 acts as a second holding power, and
the more the strain on the anchor the greater in the holding power and
impossible to fold; the cable is shackled on the shackle c, as in ordinary
anchors; d is the fish shackle.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING AIR, GAS, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1871.- A communication from abroad by Albin Peters,
of Moscow, Russia.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING,
FORCING, AND EXHAUSTING AIR, GAS, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS," a com-
munication, to be as follows:-
The centrifugal pumps and fans hitherto employed effect but slight
results, but by this Invention I am enabled to construct an apparatus
which meets all requirements, as will be evident from the following
description:The apparatus for raising, forcing, and exhausting fluids
hitherto in use have been constructed with a view to draw in the air or
other fluid towards the centre of a wheel and to expel the same by
centrifugal force at the periphery of the said wheel.
The reverse,
however, takes place in my improved apparatus, as the gas or other fluid
is drawn or sucked in by buckets or scoops placed at the periphery of
a drum, and is driven therefrom to the centre of the same. The drum

page_text: is firmly secured to a shaft which is supported in a bearing on the bed
of the apparatus and extends through a stuffing box in the case of the
drum. The said shaft is driven by a strap or belt passing over a pulley
fixed on the shaft, so that the air or fluid is drawn by the buckets
or scoops of the drum, and is forced through channels connected with
the latter towards a vacuum space in the centre of the drum, and
thence towards the outlet pipe. The case in which the drum is arranged
is hermetically closed. The buckets have pointed edges and are curved
towards the periphery so that they do not exert any back pressure. The
sectional shape of these buckets is not necessarily rectangular, but may
be round, oval, or otherwise, and their number depends upon the size
and power of the apparatus. This power must not be too small when
the apparatus is to be applied to the raising of liquids, as otherwise an
irregular action would be unavoidable. If this apparatus has to raise
the liquids to a considerable height it will be necessary to place an air
valve in the inlet pipe, and to observe that before the action commences
the apparatus is filled with the liquid which is to be raised.
If this improved apparatus is intended only for drawing and forcing
air and gas its construction may be somewhat simplified by making the
buckets shallower. The air enters through apertures in the case and is
drawn by the buckets of the drum and forced through the drum towards
the outlet pipes.
If, however, this apparatus is intended to serve as an exhauster, the
drum in the aforesaid simple form is to be placed in a hermetically
closed case with a suction tube. The size of the tubes or pipes in all
the modifications of the apparatus must be large enough to prevent
excessive friction in the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Archibald Mallock at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th July 1871.
I, HENRY ARCHIBALD MALLOCK, of Harley Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Captain in the Bengal Staff Corps, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS,"
to be as follows:-
Overland electric conductors used for telegraphic purposes are usually
constructed of thick iron wire. It is well known that copper is a much
better conductor of electricity than iron, and that the reasons for using
the latter for overland telegraphic wires are its greater strength and
cheapness than copper and the great liability of the latter being stolen
in exposed situations, as a copper wire of sufficient strength to resist
the tensile strain to which it would be subjected between the supporting
posts would be valuable and in fact worth stealing, while an iron wire
of the same dimensions is not of sufficient value to induce any one to
steal it.

page_text: My improved electric conductor is composed of a single copper wire
round which any convenient number of iron wires (say six) are wound
or twisted so as to form a strand.
In order to prevent any local electric action between the two metals
the copper wire is to be coated or covered with tin or other suitable
metal previous to its being covered with the iron wire. The strand
when completed may be protected from oxidation by being coated
externally with tin or other suitable metal or alloy by the ordinary
galvanizing process, or it may be painted, varnished, or covered with
some other protecting covering which will prevent the oxidation of the
metal.
IMPROVED HYDRAULIC MAINS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COAL GAS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Whitehead and William
Foster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th December 1871.
We, JOSEPH WHITEHEAD and WILLIAM FOSTER, both of Blackburn,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED HYDRAULIC MAINS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
COAL GAS," to be as follows:-
:-
The object of this Invention is to do away with the dip during the
time the gas is being evolved from the retorts but to employ it when the
retorts are being charged and discharged.
Instead of placing the ends of the pipes from the retorts in stationary
liquids contained in ordinary circular mains, as at present, we employ
rectangular mains; and place in each main moveable troughs containing
water or liquid for the ends of the pipes to dip in, each trough being
made of the length required for each bed of retorts whether fives or
sevens. Each trough has at each longitudinal side four grooved wheels
or rollers placed on vertical bars or guides fixed to the sides of the main,

page_text: so that the trough can be raised for the dip and lowered when the gas is
being evolved.
$
In one arrangement for raising and lowering the troughs we employ
below each trough two cross bars fixed to the sides of the main, the bars
having in the middle bearings carrying a shaft, to which are fixed arms
or lifters with steeled ends in contact with steel bars at the bottom of
the trough, and to the shaft is fixed a-crank connected by a rod to
one arm of a two-armed lever, working on a stud bolted to a standard
fixed to the top of the main, the lever being worked by a rod and
handle at the front of the bed of retorts. When one arm of the lever
is pulled by the rod and handle it raises the crank by means of the
connecting rod, and turns the shaft and lifters to raise the trough to
give the dip to the pipes from the retorts, but when the movement of
the lever is reversed the trough is lowered to allow the bottom of the
pipes to be out of the liquid, and for preventing any escape of gas from
the main the rod connected to the crank passes through a dip pipe.
When desired, instead of the crank and connecting rod we fix on the
shaft a chain wheel connected by a chain to the top lever, or we fix
studs to the bottom of the troughs and connect them by chains to
overhead pulleys.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd November 1871.-A communication from abroad by George
Grant, of Dunedin, New Zealand.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS,"
a communication to me from abroad by George Grant, of Dunedin,
New Zealand, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
apparatus for disengaging ships' boats from their lowering tackle,
whereby greater simplicity of construction and certainty of action are
obtained than by the various boat lowering apparatus hitherto adopted.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a ball and a
socket, or male and female figures of any number of sides locked into
each other by means of a suitable lever or levers attached to the sockets
and connected together at the end by means of a chain or rod which can

page_text: be instantaneously slipped or detached, thereby releasing the balls from
their sockets. One of these sockets is to be fitted underneath the thwart
of the boat at either end by means of suitable bolts, the main bolt passing
through the bottom of the socket, and downwards to the keel to which
it is fastened, thereby throwing the whole weight of the boat and its
contents when suspended upon the keel. The ball is held in the socket
by means of the top end of the lever, the lower end of which reaches to
near the bottom of the boat, and is connected by means of a chain or rod
with the other set of the apparatus attached in a similar manner to the
other extremity of the boat. Both sets of apparatus being thus con-
nected can instantaneously be disengaged by slackening the end of the
chain which is attached to the end of one lever, and passes over a small
pulley attached to the other lever. The end of this chain when locked
is secured to a pin or cleat fixed to the boat. The balls when disengaged
remain attached to the blocks of the ship's davits.
The above description applies to the mode of attaching such apparatus
underneath the thwarts of a boat, but it may be fixed on or above the
thwarts, or on any other part where sufficient purchase and solidity can
be secured.
For boats of diffunt in
IM- PROVEMENTS IN. COFFINS, AND IN THE MODE OF FASTENING THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Scruton at the Office
⚫ of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1871.
'
I, THOMAS SCRUTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN. COFFINS, AND IN THE MODE OF FASTENING THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to the shell or inner coffin.
This may be made in any of the usual shapes, but in the lid or upper
surface of the said shell I insert a sheet of glass, so that the face or
other desired part or parts of the dead person may be seen although
actually enclosed in the shell. This, as will be readily understood, will'
be of great advantage, inasmuch as by this means the corpse may be
safely viewed after death for as long a period as may be desired; and
again in hot weather or when decomposition has commenced the
corpse may be immediately after death placed in the shell and yet be
visible, the said shell being made air-tight by any suitable means.
'
The second part of my Invention relates to the outer coffin. As
now made the lid of a coffin is secured thereon by means of common

page_text: screws, but in my improved coffin I fasten or secure one side of the lid
thereto by means of two or more hinges of suitable size and shape, and
the other side thereof by means of spring latches; or, if desired, by a
lock and key, the object being that the lid of the said outer coffin can
be casily opened, and the face of the corpse seen through the glass in 6
the lid of the shell, as herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1871.
I, WILLIAM CLAY, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Iron
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GAS FURNACES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of gas furnaces
relates to that class of furnaces which is usually termed regenerator
furnaces in which the heated gases evolved from the fuel in the fire-
place or from combustible gases used for heating the furnaces are
caused to pass through regenerators or chambers where they part with
a great portion of their heat, which is afterwards taken up by air or
gas which is passed through such chambers in the opposite direction.
In regenerator furnaces as now constructed the regenerator chambers
are placed either below or on a level with the furnaces to be heated, and
I have found that the parts or openings connecting the regenerator
chambers with the furnace are very liable to be clogged or stopped up

page_text: by dust, slag, or other matters, and that such clogging or stoppage of the
ports necessitates frequent repairs, and therefore a stoppage of the
operations of the furnaces and a consequent loss of time and a con-
siderable outlay for repairs.
To obviate these disadvantages and inconveniences I construct and
arrange the regenerator chambers above the level of the ports or
openings communicating with the furnace or heating chamber, and
therefore any dust, cinders, slag, or debris that is liable to accumulate
in the regenerator will fall down below the ports, and may be removed
with facility from time to time without arresting the operations of the
furnace. Moreover, by thus diminishing the liability of the ports to
get clogged they may be made much smaller and more numerous than
usual, and a better and more intimate admixture of the air and gases
may therefore be effected. I find it convenient, however, to construct
openings in the walls of the regenerator chambers opposite the ports.
These openings are provided with doors or stoppings which may be
easily removed for the purpose of keeping the ports clear of dust, ashes,
and slag which would otherwise accumulate in this part of the furnace.
The regenerators are arranged in pairs on each side of the furnace, and
the air and gases are passed alternately through these two sets of
chambers, which are each provided with dampers or valves to regulate
the draft and flow of the air and gases. The gas regenerators are both
connected with a common gas flue provided with slides or valves, by
means of which the direction of the flow of the gas may be reversed at
pleasure. A sufficient draft to draw the air and the gas in the direction
required may be produced by means of a tall chimney, or a blast of air
may be forced into the regenerator by means of a fan or other suitable
apparatus, or an artificial draught may be produced by means of a jet of
steam if required.
CERTtain Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE SETTING UP OF SAID BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Moorhouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1871.
I, SAMUEL MOORHOUSE, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Chester,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTtain Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN THE
SETTING UP OF SAID BOILERS," to be as follows :—
The Invention is designed for the purpose of economizing fuel in the
generation of steam in boilers, and is divided into two parts.
The first of which consists in placing within the cylinderical chambers
of the boiler, immediately behind the fire bars, an elongated chamber or
receptacle for water which forms the bridge of the fluc, and placed in
such a position within the flue that between the inner surface of the
flue and the outer surface of the elongated chamber an annular space
is formed, the connection between the inner chamber and the boiler
being effected by means of pipes which form thorougfares for the
circulation and passage of the water, the contraction and expansion
caused by the varying heat the said chamber is subjected to is provided

page_text: for through the medium of an expansion joint, which may be con-
structed as an ordinary disc expansion coupling in the under junction
pipe or by means of elbow junction pipes one above and the other below,
at the two ends thereof or by other equivalent, the space below the fire
bars being built in with fire bricks.
Secondly. The improvements consist in contracting the space for
radiation of heat in the flue below the boiler; for this purpose about two-
thirds of the space of the said under flue is built in (that is) onc-third.
on either side, so as to form a central passage, the said space built in
being from the base of the flue upwards within a short distance of the
bottom of the boiler, the central one-third space being covered or bridged
in with portable plates, so that the space thus contracted will effect a
thorough concentration of the radiation of heat to the bottom of the
boiler. The plates bridging in the central space are readily removed,
allowing thereby a clear passage from end to end for the purposes of
cleaning and inspection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GYM- NASTIC APPLIANCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF AND MODES OF PROPELLING MERRY- GO-ROUNDS OR ROUNDABOUTS, POLYCYCLES, OR CARRIAGES AND ROCKING MACHINES FOR EXERCISE AND RECREATION
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1871.
I, JOHN Cox, of Gorgie Mills, in the County of Edinburgh, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GYM-
NASTIC APPLIANCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF AND MODES OF PROPELLING MERRY-
GO-ROUNDS OR ROUNDABOUTS, POLYCYCLES, OR CARRIAGES AND ROCKING MACHINES
FOR EXERCISE AND RECREATION," to be as follows:-
The nature of my "improvements in gymnastic appliances" consists
in making "merry-go-rounds" or "roundabouts," whether supported on
pivots or wheels floating or otherwise, and also carriages, so that oars
or poles may be used for their propulsion against fixed points, knobs, or
rollers, and used in a similar way as in rowing a boat, rowlocks being
attached to the machine or carriage, and the oars or poles being worked
against the fixed points, knobs, or rollers, fixed on the ground or other-
wise, and thus allow the machine to be propelled by a similar action to
the rowing of a boat, but with this advantage that there is no slip of
the oar.
Also in cases where the centre shaft of the merry-go-round is

page_text: stationary, I fix a toothed or friction wheel on the shaft, or it may be
on the ground whether the shaft revolve or not, and by means of suitable
shafting connected with crank or lever motion I propel the machine
when upon it and not as is generally done when upon the ground.
By these methods of propulsion persons can propel themselves whilst
upon the machine. Instead of the toothed or friction wheel on the
centre shaft of the merry-go-round, a wheel with knobs or fixed rollers
attached to the circumference may be substituted, so that the oar motion
towards the centre may be adopted. I also attach flaps of wood or other
contrivance which will catch the wind when the machine goes one way,
but which will close or not catch the wind so much on the return side
against the wind, and thus the machine will be propelled like a wind-
mill when there is a breeze. The propelling of merry-go-rounds by
means of oars which may dip in water as well as when pushed against
fixed points is a novel feature of this part of my Invention.
My improvements in rocking machines consist in placing curved
flanges on the bottom, so that the machine rests as it were on the
concave circumference of two segments of a flanged wheel which are to
be guided upon a railway, sufficiently long and wide in the guage as is
necessary, and in this way a large number of persons may sway or rock
themselves upon a machine having a large radius, and the seats on
which they may work on an axle or pivot, so as to keep them horizontal..
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED SCENT BOTTLES, LOCKETS, AND NEEDLE CASES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Jacob at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1871.
I, ALFRED JACOB, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Wholesale Manufacturing Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED SCENT BOTTLES, LOCKETS, AND
NEEDLE CASES," to be as follows: :-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of
combined scent bottles and lockets, or scent bottles, lockets, and needle
cases, substantially in the following manner :—
In constructing a combined scent bottle and locket according to my
Invention I make the sides of the outer metallic case of the said article
of a box or trough form, the said sides being hinged together. The
sides of the case when shut upon one another enclose between them a
combined scent bottle and locket, the said bottle and locket being hinged
to the case by the joint pin which joints the sides of the case together.
The scent bottle is closed by a hinged lid. On the outer sides of the scent
bottle are frames in which miniatures, photographs, or ornaments may
be
placed, the said frames being provided with sliding covering plates, by

page_text: raising which the miniatures, photographs, or ornaments may be exposed
to view. The interior of the box or trough sides of the case may also be
provided with frames to contain miniatures, photographs, or ornaments.
In constructing a combined scent bottle, locket, and needle case
according to my Invention, I joint or hinge to the case in the manner
before described a scent bottle, needle holders, and locket frames. In
this arrangement I make the scent bottle of less width than that herein-
before described, and at its ends I arrange tubular or other shaped
holders for containing needles, the outer sides of the said scent bottle
and needle holders being furnished with frames for receiving miniatures,
photographs, or ornaments. Or in place of combining the locket frames
directly with the scent bottle and needle holders, the said locket frames
may be contained in the box sides of the case.
I do not limit myself to the shape of the lockets, scent bottles, or
needle holders, nor to the material of which they are made. I prefer
however to make them of metal. When the scent bottles are made of
glass or some non-metallic material, a metallic socket to receive the
scent bottle is jointed to the outer case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CLEANSING HIGH-PRESSURE FILTERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1871.
I, THOMAS CHARLES PEARSON, of Openshaw, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CLEANSING HIGH-PRESSURE FILTERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates partly to improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to Samuel Norton on the Twenty-
ninth day of June One thousand eight hundred and seventy, Number
1849, for "An Improved and Combined Hydraulic Filter and Double
Valve Tap," and partly to an improved construction of reversible filter
applicable to being affixed to any ordinary cock or water supply pipe,
and consists in the use and application of a metallic vessel of any suitable
shape, but by preference of a cylindrical form, with semi-spherical ends,
constructed in two parts screwed together for the convenience of intro-
ducing and changing the filtering material, this vessel having both of its
extremities fitted with a perforated annular grid or sieve surrounding

page_text: a deflecting plate, against which the water is compelled to play in
entering the filter by a tube affixed to the cock or other vessel from
which the water to be filtered is supplied, and to deposit the major
portion of its impurities into a cavity beneath such annular grid or sieve
previous to entering the filtering vessel. This filtering vessel is further
fitted with screws of the same size and pitch at each end in order that
a spout or bib may be screwed on to either end whilst the other end
is screwed on to one of Norton's Patent double valve taps, to enable
filtered water to be drawn off from the bib or spout on the top of such
filter, or unfiltered water from the ordinary bib or spout of such double
valve tap; or this filtering vessel may be screwed in an upright position
to any ordinary cock or be connected by union joints to any water
supply pipe, and thus filter the water passing through such cock or pipe.
To remove the impurities lodged in the cavities beneath the annular
grids or sieves, and to cleanse the contents of the filtering vessel, it is
only necessary to unscrew it, and to screw such filter and bib on the
reverse way, when the impurities contained beneath the perforated
annular disc or sieve will first be washed away together with the im-
purities lodged in the filtering material, and the vessel will then filter
the water passing through it equally well in such reversed position.