IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PACTURE OF WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER FRAMES SUITABLE FOR GLAZING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Pim Jackson and Albert Jackson, both of 2,
Ashley Place, Bristol, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER FRAMES SUITABLE FOR
GLAZING."
Sealed the 28th December 1860, and dated the 18th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Pim Jackson and
Albert Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th July 1860.
We, SAMUEL PIM JACKSON and ALBERT JACKSON, both of 2, Ashley Place,
Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER FRAMES SUITABLE
FOR GLAZING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of window.
sashes, casements, and other frames suitable for glazing.. In the manufacture
of window sashes and other similar frames, metal bars, rolled or otherwise,
formed with a rabbit or rabbits to receive glass, have frequently been employed,
but the forming the joints between the bars (where they cross or abutt the one
on the other) by hand labor is expensive. Now, according to this Invention
the sash bars (or bars on which rabbits to receive glass are formed) are

page_text: notched or cut out as is required to make such joints by means of circular
cutters, such as have heretofore been used for cutting the teeth of spur wheels
and for other purposes. Each circular cutter is mounted on an axis, and is
driven at a considerable velocity; its periphery corresponds in form with the
notch or cut it is required to make, and cutting teeth are formed on it. The
metal bars to be presented to the cutters are supported on suitable tables or
supports, and their position thereon is adjusted so that the cut may be made
in the position required. Tho table or support is capable of moving to and
from the cutter, or the cutter may be made to approach the table if preferred.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Pim Jackson and Albert Jackson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, SAMUEL
PIM JACKSON and ALBERT JACKSON, both of 2, Ashley Place, Bristol, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Samuel Pim
Jackson and Albert Jackson, Her special licence that we, the said Samuel Pim
Jackson and Albert Jackson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Samuel Pim Jackson and Albert Jackson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WINDOW
SASHES, CASEMENTS, AND OTHER FRAMES SUITABLE FOR GLAZING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Samuel Pim Jackson and Albert Jackson,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Pim Jackson and Albert
Jackson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of window
sashes, casements, and other frames suitable for glazing. In the manufacture
of window sashes and other similar frames, metal bars, rolled or otherwise,
formed with a rabbet or rabbets to receive glass, have frequently been employed,
but the forming the joints between the bars (where they cross or abut the one
or the other) by hand labor is expensive. Now, according to this Invention
the sash bars (or bars on which rabbets to receive glass are formed) are
notched or cut out as is required to make such joints by means of circular
cutters such as have heretofore been used for cutting the teeth of spur wheels
and for other purposes. Each circular cutter is mounted on an axis, and is
driven at a considerable velocity; its periphery corresponds in form with the
notch or cut it is required to make, and cutting teeth are formed on it.
The metal bars to be presented to the cutters are supported on suitable
tables or supports, and their position thereon is adjusted so that the cut may be
made in the position required. The table or support is capable of moving to
and from the cutter; or the cutter may be made to approach the table, if
preferred.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed
more fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a side and edge view of a rotatory steel cutter A, No. 1,
suitable for and such as is used by us for cutting the notches in iron or other
metal sash or window bars (rolled or formed to a suitable section), where
such bars are required to cross or intersect each other, as is shewn at
Figure 2, where two portions of two sash or window bars of suitable section
are shewn to cross each other, each bar being similarly cut with a notch a, a,
but the notches in the two bars Y, Z, are formed in the opposite edges, that
in the bar Y being formed in the front edge of that bar, and that in the bar Z
being formed in the back edge of that bar, and these cuts are made with the
cutter A, No. 1. In addition to the notches a, a, angular grooves b, b, are formed
on each side of each bar Y and Z by a revolving cutter A, No. 4, such as is
shewn at Figure 3; by these cuts a, a, and b, b, the two bars will go
together and form the joint shewn at Figure 2. This cutter not only cuts

page_text: out the angular groove, but by its cutting edge at the periphery equalizes
the thickness of the bars as they are passed under the cutter.
In forming bevils at the ends of bars, where such ends are required to butt
together, we employ a rotatory cutter such as is shewn at A, No. 5, Figure 4.
When making mitred or inclined ends to metal sash bars, such as is shown
at Figure 7, a rotatory cutter A, No. 3, such as is shewn at Figure 5, is
employed. When making part of a dovetailed joint to a metal sash bar, such as
is shewn at Figure 10, a rotatory cutter A, No. 2, such as is shewn at Figure 8,
is used. The male part of the dovetail shewn at Figure 11 is formed by the
rotatory cutter A, No. 6, Figure 9. The preparatory cutting of the ends of the
bars, Figures 10 and 11, is first performed by the cutter A, No. 3. The dove-
tail is then finished by hand, by making the male and female parts slightly
inclined at their edges to fit into each other. The cutter Figure 5 is used
when making mitred ends where dovetailed joints are not required.
The arrangement of machinery for employing such descriptions of cutters
when carrying out our Invention may be greatly varied, but that which we use
is shewn in Figures 12 and 13, which represent a side and end elevation.
This arrangement of machinery for the most part consists of an ordinary
planing machine, which is somewhat modified in order to receive and to
work rotatory cutters such as are above described, and the same is further
modified in order that the sash bars may be moved in a suitable manner to
be cut by such rotatory cutters. C, C, is the framing of the machine; D is
the sliding bed, which is moved to and fro by chain E in the ordinary
manner. On the surface of the bed D are dovetails d, d, to which the
central block cheeks, and parts which carry the sash bars are made fast by
screw bolts and nuts e, e, in the ordinary manner.
The two cheeks f, f, are supported on pins or projections g, g, in the
central block h; and such cheeks are arranged to move to and from the central
block by means of a screw i, by these means two sash bars j, j, are held securely
one on each side of the central block h, consequently when the bed D is moved to
and fro, those bars will be presented to the rotatory cutter A, which for the
time is being used in the machine, and which is keyed on the shaft or axis 1,
which receives motion from a pinion m on the axis or shaft n, which axis n
receives motion by a chain wheel o and a chain which are put in motion by
the chain wheel p on the main or driving axis or shaft of the machine. The
axis, the chain wheel axis or shaft n, and the gearing for giving motion there-
to are carried by the frame 9, which is capable of being adjusted in respect
to its position on the upright part of the framing C, which carries it, and

page_text: such adjustment is by means of the two screws r, r, actuated when neces-
sary by the shaft or axis s and wheels t, t, such screws passing through female
screws or nuts at the back of plate v, on which the frame 9 is capable of sliding
transversely, and is caused to do so when required by the screw w, which
passes through a female screw or nut at the back of the frame q.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we would have it understood that what we claim is, the cut-
ting iron or other metal sash or window bars by means of revolving cutters,
and thereby forming joints as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Pim Jackson and Albert Jackson,
havo hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second day of Decem-
ber, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
SAMUEL PIM JACKSON. (L.S.)
ALBERT JACKSON.
(LS.)