AN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT OF PAPER FOR THE SUBSTITUTION OF THIS LATTER INSTEAD OF THE CARDS OF JACQUARD LOOMB
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Luigi Saccardo, of Schio, Venetia, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT OF PAPER FOR
THE SUBSTITUTION OF THIS LATTER INSTEAD OF THE CARDS OF JACQUARD LOOMB."
aled the 19th April 1861, and dated the 13th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Luigi Saccardo at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1860.
I, LUIGI SACCARDO, of Schio, Venetia, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENT
OF PAPER FOR THE SUBSTITUTION OF THIS LATTER INSTEAD OF THE CARDS OF JACQUARD
Looms," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in applying to jacquard looms, instead of the endless
chain of pasteboard pattern cards, stout endless paper, provided besides with
the holes for the needles and the guide points with holes arranged in such
manner as to allow the paper to bend or fold in the direction of its breadth
and at suitable distances apart for the purpose of compensating the hydro-
metric effects exerted on it by the atmosphere. The perforation of the endless
paper is effected by the same machine that is generally made use of for
piercing the ordinary jacquard cards, the piercing plate and punches of
which machine require to be arranged according to the size and disposition of
the perforations to be punched out in the paper, which latter is wound off
from a roller and is at each stroke drawn forward by means of blunt conical
[Price 8d.]

page_text: guide points projecting from the under side of the free ends of two sets of
forked levers, the latter receiving a curvilinear reciprocating motion so as
alternately to cause each set of guide points to introduce itself from above
and nearly in a vertical direction in the guide holes, which together with the
other holes are at each stroke of the punches punched out in the paper, and
which guide points in receding draw with them the paper at the required
distance for allowing the next stroke of the punches to take place. The cur-
vilinear reciprocating motion is imparted to the two sets of forked levers by
means of the cranks of a horizontal axle revolving in suitable bearings in the
frame of the machine, the said cranks being situated alternately and in oppo-
site direction to each other on this axle so as to act on the said levers
simultaneously, but in opposite directions, while suitable pressing springs acting
on these levers serve to regulate their motion. The Invention further relates
to a mechanical arrangement for applying the above-mentioned perforated end-
less paper, instead of the endless chain of pattern cards, to the jacquard loom,
which mechanism is to replace the perforated prism or cylinder of the jacquard
press, and is composed of a suitable number of light rings provided round
their periphery with a groove, which rings are allowed to glide or revolve on
brackets encircled by them, the said brackets being connected to a cross bar
the ends of which are held by two hangers which are allowed to glide up, and
down in slots in the sides of the press; these rings serve for carrying the per-
forated paper, the latter being dragged forward or backward, as will be
required, in a similar manner as has been above described; viz: by means of
two sets or series of blunt conical points projecting from the under side of the
free ends of two series of forked levers, the latter receiving an alternate curvi-
linear reciprocating motion by means of the cranks of a crank axle and by
suitable pressing springs in such manner that always one only of the said two
series of guide points is inserted at full depth in the corresponding guide holes
of the paper, so that at each pick these guide points cause the paper to move
for the required distance. The paper passes between metallic plates forming
two series, the one situated above the other, both series being provided with
perforations arranged according to those of the paper, which latter glides over
the lower series of plates whereas through each of the holes of the upper series
passes a vertical wire, the upper end of which is bent into a hook and takes
into a hole provided in a corresponding horizontal blade, one end of which
forms a spring and is fixed in a plate forming a vertical side of the frame of
the mechanism, whereas the other end of this blade is bent at right angles so
as to form an elbow or knob and passes through a corresponding perforation
of a perforated vertical plate, the perforations of which correspond exactly with

page_text: the points of one of the jacquard needles, in such manner that when one of
the wires falls into a hole of the paper, and consequently the projecting knob
of the corresponding blade is in its depressed position, the corresponding
jacquard needle is allowed to enter freely into the hole of the plate which is
exactly opposite this needle, whereas, on the contrary, if the wire should rest
upon an unpierced part of the paper the blade is lifted up by this wire so as
to cause the projecting knob of the blade to prevent the corresponding
jacquard needle from entering into the plate hole through which this blade
passes. At each stroke of the press the paper moves for the required distance,
in the manner as has been described, the above mentioned blunt conical guide
points of the two series of levers entering into the corresponding guide holes
of the paper; to the crank axle by which these levers receive their recipro-
cating curvilinear motion is fixed a pinion, the teeth of which at the receding
motion of the press takes into the upper indentations of a rack which is
allowed so far to shift position as, during the next advancing motion of the
press, to disengage from the teeth of the pinion, this latter being regulated in
its revolution by means of proper spring stops; on the other hand as it is
sometimes required for one or more picks that the paper should move back-
ward instead of forward, the rack may be lifted so much as to allow that
during the receding motion of the press and pinion the teeth of this latter
may take into the indentation situated at the under side of the rack, so as to
cause the pinion to revolve in the opposite direction of that above described,
and thus cause the paper to be pushed backward instead of being dragged
forward by the guide points. Besides at each throw of the press the set of
rings with their supports and the lower series of perforated plates are caused
to rise so as to cause the paper to lift all those wires which were resting on
unpierced parts thereof, which wires at their turn by means of their cor-
responding blades push back the corresponding jacquard needles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Luigi Saccardo, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LUIGI
SACCARDO, of Schio, Venetia, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her

page_text: reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Luigi Saccardo, Her special licence that I, the said Luigi Saccardo, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Luigi
Saccardo, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS AND
ARRANGEMENT OF PAPER FOR THE SUBSTITUTION OF THIS LATTER INSTEAD OF THE
CARES OF JACQUARD LOOME," upon the condition (amongst other) that I, the
said Luigi Saccardo, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Luigi Saccardo, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:--
My Invention consists, first, in an improved mode of forming and employing
(as a substitute for the ordinary cards of jacquard looms) an endless paper
card perforated with holes in a peculiar manner so as to admit of a reduction
in the size of the holes composing the pattern, and to compensate for the
contraction and expansion of the paper produced by hygrometric changes of
the atmosphere.
Secondly, in constructing the batten or rocking frame with levers and guide
pins (used in combination with guide holes in the endless card), and with an
apparatus or frame employed instead of the ordinary square perforated cylinder
or roller of jacquard looms.
In order that my said Invention may be better understood, I will now refer
to the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, the same letters indicating corresponding parts in the
Drawings.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is an elevation of the batten constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 2 is a view of a part of the same, the side framing being
removed; Figure 3, Sheet 2, is a front view of a part of the apparatus;
Figure 8, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal elevation of the batten, with parts removed

page_text: to show its construction more clearly; Figure 11, Sheet 4, is an elevation of
the apparatus for punching holes in the endless card; Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,
& 10, are details of construction herein-after described.
Figure 4,
I will now proceed to describe the first head of my Invention.
Sheet 3, represents the end of a portion of a stout sheet of paper of good
quality, being 20 inches in width, corresponding with card board cards for
800 needles. This paper is provided with seven rows D, E, F, G, H, I, J,
of oblong holes g, b, d, c, e, f, h, i, Figure 4, and made in a longitudinal
direction by the machine itself, which serves to pierce the holes of the pattern
and the guide holes. The centre of each space a', a, a, a, a, a, separating
the oblong holes is provided with a guide hole t, 1, 12, 13, 14, 15. The rows of
holes composing the pattern are set in the same order as that in the cards of
the jacquard loom, with this difference, however, that each row is divided into
two equal parts, so that a row of eight holes in a jacquard is reduced, on the
paper card, to two rows of four holes each.
Supposing the hygrometric action of the atmosphere produces an expansion
of the sheet of paper in the ratio of oth of an inch on the whole of its
breadth, that is to say, the extent of the diameter of a hole y, and the width
of a space y', Figures 3 and 4,) the guide points 92, 93, 9º, g², g¹º, g¹, g¹,
Figure 3, (the last three Figures not being shown) which, by the action of the
springs q, Figure 1, exert a certain pressure on the small tongues or narrow
parts a, a, a, a, a, a, a', called compensators, on which the points bear,
will compel these tongues or parts to bend more and to sink imperceptibly into
the grooves of the ring U, so as to divide the length of th of an inch into
small portions, which cannot therefore have any prejudicial effect. If a con-
traction takes place in the width of the paper, the compensators or tongues
will be compelled, by the drawing in of the remainder of the sheet, to modify
their curves, and to oppose the action of the spring q, Figure 8, to avoid being
forced in.
A³, Figure 1, represents the roller on which is wound the sheet of paper
which is to be submitted to the piercing operation; its length is 20 inches,
if it is to be used for a loom of 800 needles. The sheets of paper are nearly
of the same breadth as those of the cardboard cards of the jacquard looms.
The diameter of the holes composing the pattern is th of an inch, and the
space between each hole is th of an inch. By reducing the size of the
holes to the above dimensions, a row of 68 holes occupies less space than 136
holes of the ordinary jacquard cards. Figure 11, Sheet 4, represents the paper-
piercing apparatus, which is similar to that at present in use.
To move the paper according to the progress of the piercing operation, I

page_text: proceed as follows;-Figure 10, Sheet 2, is a plan of the steel plate H, which
is formed with an equal number of holes and spaces u, as the pattern paper
represented by Figure 4.
B, Figure 9, Sheet 4, are blades carrying the punches passing into the holes
of the plate H to pierce the paper, in the same way as in the ordinary jacquard
loom. The number of spaces distributed on that blade is dependent on the
number of holes required in the card to be manufactured. The punches corre-
sponding to the oblong holes A2, B2, Figure 10, must be movable, in order that
one or the other may be used according as the paper is pierced with 4 or 6
lines of holes. This machine will be able to produce all sizes of cards, provided
the number of spaces and lines of holes composing the machine be equal to the
total number of partitions or spaces and lines of holes necessary to compose
the largest card in use.
The apparatus which causes the paper to travel is similar to that which, in
the batten of my improved apparatus, causes the paper to travel underneath,
with this difference only, that in this arrangement the wheel T is put in motion
by a lever rod Q, and the apparatus works only in one direction. Q3 is the
lever, provided at the lower end with a rack Q3 giving motion to the pulley T,
and to the apparatus R, T, M, which causes the paper to move forward; this
lever is set in motion either by the hand or by any other convenient means.
B, Figure 9, represents a view in elevation of that part of the press which
pierces the paper. In order to work this machine, the workman having
drawn the necessary composing springs, and by that means prepared the
plate B, presents for the piercing operation the punches (only required for the
stroke) which he holds in his hand; he then bears on the treadle which sets
in motion the lever, and thus effects the lowering of the plate B with the
punches with which the paper is to be pierced. The card being pierced the
workman allows the treadle or lever to follow the motion of the counterweight
and thereby cause the apparatus to take its primitive position, when the punches
will be disengaged from the holes they have made in the paper. He then
raises the rack Q and causes it to catch in the teeth of the wheel T, by which
it receives a half revolution. The apparatus R, T, M, put in motion by the
wheel T, draws along the sheet of paper Z, and the space formed in the paper
card makes room for another to be perforated by the next movement obtained as
herein-before stated. To ensure the regularity of the work it is desirable that
the piercing of each piece of paper should be continued without any long
interruption, and that the air in the workroom should be subjected as little as
possible to sudden or great hygrometric variations. The endless sheet of
paper thus arranged is supported upon the grooved rings U, Figures 1, 2, and 3,

page_text: carried on three rollers or cylinders z. The grooves in the rings correspond
exactly when underneath the seven compensators of the endless card; it should
The
be borne in mind that I am still referring to looms with 800 needles.
six conical guide pins g², g³, g, g'. g, g, of the three forked levers M6, M*, M2,
and the guide pin g of the lever M, occupy fully the same number of paper
guide holes. The six guide pins g', g³. g. g, g12, and g, of the three forked
levers M, M3, M', and the guide pin g' of the lever M7, also occupy an equal
number of holes. If the apparatus R, T, M, Figure 8, be put in motion, the
cranks n, n, n, n, will ascend and describe a curvilinear reciprocating motion,
and draw with them the levers M, M, M2, M8, to disengage their guide pins
g³, g³, go, g², go, g", g, from the guide holes which they occupied fully, and the
other cranks m, m, m, m, descend and describe a similar movement towards
the left, allowing the guide pins g, g³, g³, 97, 9¹º, g¹³, g', to occupy in their turn-
and fully the guide holes which they had in front, and they finally draw along
the sheet of paper and the grooved rings, U, and cause them to advance one
step or space, at the same time the first guide pins g³, g³, gº, g², go, g¹¹, g¹¹, will
have advanced towards the right, and will be placed in the same position
occupied before. by the other points' g', g³, g, g, g¹³, g¹, (Figures 12 & 13 not
being shown). The axle R must be placed at a convenient height, so as to
prevent the two rows of guide pins from being simultaneously placed fully in
their corresponding guide holes. There is only one guide hole in action at a
time in the longitudinal direction of the paper. The paper in passing over the
rings will not meet in its course any prejudicial friction..
1
In describing the second head of my Invention I refer to a loom as a
model with 800 needles. A. Figures 1, 3, and 8, frame supporting all the
parts composing the batten; B, Figures 2 and 9, bands or blades, called
repellers, having their right ends formed with an elbow r, and twisted in the
middle, and their left extremities are riveted on rows of small elastic. steel
tongues V. Figure 9 shows some of these blades seen underneath.
tendency of the tongues is always to cause the elbowed end r to bear on the
lower edges of the square holes of the plate G, Figures 2 and 3, through which
holes they pass. To the small hole w is adapted the bent end of the iron
wire d, which I call a needle.
The
I, Figures 2, 3, and 6, six guide plates, perforated on their lower surface,
Figure 8, with a number and arrangement of holes corresponding exactly with
those on the plate H, Figure 10, less, however, the oblong holes A2, B2. The
diameter of these holes should agree with the size of the needles d. This
plate serves as a guide to the lower extremity of the needles d, which pass
through it. S, Figures 2, 3, and 8, are plates of metal or other suitable

page_text: substance, provided with the same number and arrangement of holes as the
plate 1, with, however, this difference, that the diameter of the holes agrees
with the diameter of the holes shown in Figure 10. These six plates $ are
firmly soldered to the iron bar, S, and form but one piece with the two
supports c, Figures 1, 3, and 8.
U, Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8, are seven rings, having a wide and deep
groove, and are supported and guided by the grooves in the three rollers z,
which are themselves held by the frame c, Figures 1, 3, and 8. This frame,
connected by the cross-piece S¹. has a slight ascending and descending motion
at the same time it has a sliding motion on the external sides of the frame A,
and slides in four guides c³, c. V are two iron bars firmly fixed to the
frames of the jacquard apparatus at the exact point of meeting of the lower
-parts of the two rollers s, having their axes soldered in the bearers c..
G represents six metallic plates, perforated with 864 square holes, corre-
sponding exactly with the needle points of the jacquard machine, against
which these holes and the elbows r with which these holes are provided, have
to act. These six plates at their upper part are bent at right angles, and
fixed at G', and by this means they form the upper side of the batten, whilst
at the lower part they are bent and screwed at G2 to form half of the lower
side of the batten.
H, H2, Figure 1, are two right-angled cross-bars, firmly fixed at their
extremities to the frame A; they serve to keep together the metallic bars W,
placed one upon the other, and between each of which is a row of steel
tongues V.
Q, Figures 2, 3, 6, & 8, an iron frame, serving to hold suitably the part
of the lever M, which is provided with springs q. This frame Q is firmly
fixed at its extremities to the frame A.
R, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 8, is an axis, provided with light cranks; this axis
is supported by the frame A, and is provided with the toothed wheel T and
pulley c, Figure 8, which in the weaving of shawls serves for the unrolling
operation. The wheel T is provided with twelve teeth and two pins. b,
Figures 3 and 8. The latter are pressed by the spring X, Figure 1 serving to
keep the wheel T and the axis R in the position fixed by the rack N. To
avoid confusion, the spring X has not been drawn in Figures 3 and 10.
M1, M2, M3, M', M5, M6, Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8, are six forked levers,
provided with springs q, and conical guide pins, having very large bases, and
also a kind of groove or fork (distinctly shown at Figure 6), which enables
them to take hold of the cranks which carry and direct them.
N2, Figures 1, 7, and 8, rod, riveted to the spring o', & by the supporting

page_text: rod N³ to the other spring o²; this rod N2 has at its end the rack N, which is
provided on the side pointing towards the apparatus with an edge piece b², b³,
which is rigid from the point c up to the point e, and flexible at its other part.
These two springs o, o¹ are riveted on the other rod L, which is held and
directed by two slots made in the support t, which is firmly fixed to the frame
of the jacquard loom. At the lower end of the rod L is attached a string
within the reach of the workman's hand, on which he bears to cause the return
of a card; Figure 1 represents the apparatus showing this operation; it is
necessary, therefore, to bear in mind that the natural position of the rack N is
not that shown in this Figure, but it should be above the wheel T, where it
remains as soon as the weaver releases the string, which he keeps hold of until
he has allowed the rod L to follow the ascensional impulse of the spring h.
The batten being thus constructed, is put in motion as follows:-
First, before the weaver bears on the treadle the whole of the apparatus
shown by the Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, & 8 (which I call batten by reason of its
being fixed on the same frame, which in the ordinary jacquard is called a
batten, and in substitution of the square roller which carries all the cards) is
placed as near as possible to the wooden board carrying the needles p, p, p,
of the jacquard loom. The elbows r, (Figure 1, parts of the repellers or
blades B,) being raised by the needles of the batten not having met with no
holes in the paper Z, are exactly opposite as many jacquard needles, which
they hold back whilst the other elbows of the repellers, the needles of which
have met with holes in the paper, rest on the lower edges of their respective
square holes of the plate G, and allow the corresponding jacquard needles to
pass freely through these square holes, preserving at the same time their
primitive position. Therefore all the hooks of the jacquard loom which belong
to the needles pushed back by the raised elbows will not have any hold on the
grating, and all the other hooks belonging to the needles which have passed
freely through the holes of the plates G may at the required moment hook into
the grating.
Secondly, when the weaver bears on the treadle, the batten recedes from
the plate of the jacquard needle, and consequently the needles which are
pushed back return to their primitive positions. The two rollers » escape
from the action of the bars V (fixed to the jacquard loom), and descend along
the inclined planes V', permitting at the
descend by sliding through the slides c².
the supports c), the rollers z, the rings U
the paper Z on the rings U, follow therefore the same motion; so that between
the points of the needles d, d, d, and the sheet of paper there is a space of
same time the two supports c to
The cross-piece S¹ (forming part of
which are carried by the latter, and

page_text: about 10th of an inch. The guide pins g², g, g, g, g¹º, g, g¹, follow the
paper in its motion, and occupy fully the same guide holes at the same time as
the guide pins g', Iª, I³, Iº, 9¹², g¹³, g, preserve their position by being connected
with the levers M³, M³, M³, M', which are prevented from descending
by the cranks m, m, m, m, on which they bear, Figure 2. Then the
tooth of the wheel T, Figures 1 and 8, meets the tooth e of the rack N,
(that is when the rack is above the wheel T,) then the tooth meets the
tooth e, and so on, up to the number of six teeth, when the edge b², b³, is no
more in contact with the wheel T, and permits the rack lever N1, N2, to follow
the movement of the springs o', o, and to escape entirely out of the line of the
wheel T until it meets with a stop T', which prevents it from moving.
All the
Thirdly, when the weaver releases the treadle the batten is made to move
according to the direction of the jacquard needle plate. The wheel T passes
behind the edge 62, 63, of the rack N without meeting any impediment, and is
retained in its position by the spring X pressing on two pins b. The
rollers s ascend on the inclined planes V', and raise the supports c with the
cross-piece s', the cylinders z, the rings U, and the paper Z, which will present
on meeting the needle points d the newly arrived card. On account of this
progressive movement all the needles d meeting the paper are made to recede
and raise the repellers or blades to which they are attached.
other needles meeting with holes keep their primitive position.
levers M5, M³, M', M', offer only the slight pressure of the springs
paper, and consequently recede without any effort. The front of the batten is
composed of the perforated plate G and elbows r of the repellers; these
elbows in passing through the holes strike with the elbows (which are raised
by the needles d) against the points of the jacquard needles corresponding to
them, and allow to pass through the holes all the other points of the jacquard
needles corresponding to the holes occupied by the repellers which have kept
their primitive positions.
r
The
to the
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein-before described; what I claim as new and
intended to be protected by the herein in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
Firstly, the forming an endless sheet of paper with a system of perforations
to compensate for the contraction and expansion thereof caused by the
hygrometric variations of the atmosphere, and employing it as a substitute for
cardboard cards in jacquard looms, as herein before described, and shown in
Figures 1, 3, 4, and 11 of the Drawings.
Secondly, the construction and employment of a batten with levers M₁

page_text: provided with guide pins g and frame, with rings U for carrying the endless
paper card, as hereinbefore described, and shown in the various Figures of
the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Luigi Saccardo, have hereto set my
hand and scal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
LUIGI SACCARDO. (L.s.)