matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th August 1862.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren House, near Crickhowell, in the
County of Brecon, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND PREPARING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is, first, to obtain a better drag to the
thread or yarn whilst being wound on to the bobbins in preparing and
spinning fibrous substances. For this purpose whilst the flyer has motion
given to it by a band, as is well understood, and the bobbin is capable of being
drawn round by the act of winding thereon, such motion to the bobbin is retarded
by its friction on a spindle, the lower surface of the bobbin resting on a sup-
porting base carried by the spindle, and by adjustable weighted or other pressure
applied to such spindle; or the bobbin may be fixed upon the spindle, and
the spindle retarded as before mentioned; but in all cases I make the spindle
to be driven by the flyer, or the flyer by the spindle, so that one may partako
of all the inequalities of motion in the other.
My Invention relates, secondly, to the use of a shield or protector applied
to flyers in spinning and preparing frames, for the purpose of preventing
entanglement of the fibres of yarn proceeding from the delivery rollers
with those of the yarn upon the bobbin where such yarn is wound on.

page_text: This shield consists of a thin plate of metal or other substance attached to the
flyer eye, and having a hole in it through which the yarn passes from the
outside of the flyer on to the bobbin by which the loose transverse fibres of the
yarn proceeding from the delivering rollers to the flyer eye will have the
shield interposed between them and the fibres of the yarn upon the bobbin,
consequently no entanglement of these two sets of fibres.can ensue.
cases I lengthen the shield upwards from the flyer eye in a direction towards
the delivery rollers, in order to prevent entanglement, such as I have described
when the bobbin is lifted by the copping rail nearer to the delivery rollers.
Instead of a circular shield a short tube placed at right angles or thereabouts
to the flyer leg may be used.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE REFRIGERATION OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Samuels Campbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
April 1862.
I, ARCHIBALD SAMUELS CAMPBELL, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE REFRIGERATION OF LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the refrigeration of liquids, and this effect is
produced by means of the cold produced by rapid evaporation. The apparatus
by which the Invention may be carried out in an economical and effective
manner consists in the employment of a number of horizontal tubes fitted at
each end into a plate forming one side of a chamber, into one of which chambers
the liquid to be cooled enters, whilst from the other or opposite chamber the
cooled liquid passes out; the whole is made to rotate over a reservoir of water,
so that the tube will be successively immersed, and the cold produced by the
evaporation of the water outside the tubes, effects the desired refrigeration
of the liquid. within them. By the adoption of a current of air produced by
means of fans the evaporation may be greatly accelerated.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING, COVERING, OR PROTECTING SHIPS' BOTTOMS; APPLICABLE ALSO FOR COATING OR COVERING RAILWAY SLEEPERS, TELEGRAPHIC WIRES, AND OTHER SURFACES, AND LIKEWISE AS A CEMENT, AND AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR METAL FOR CERTAIN CONSTRUCTIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Dodson, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1862.
I, ARTHUR JOHN DODSON, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOSITION FOR COATING, COVERING, OR PROTECTING SHIPS' BOTTOMS; APPLICABLE
ALSO FOR COATING OR COVERING RAILWAY SLEEPERS, TELEGRAPHIC WIRES, AND
OTHER SURFACES, AND LIKEWISE AS A CEMENT, AND AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR METAL FOR
CERTAIN CONSTRUCTIVE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is an improved composition for coating,
covering, or protecting ships' bottoms; applicable also for coating or covering
railway sleepers, telegraphic wires, and other surfaces, and likewise as a
cement and as a substitute for metal in certain constructive purposes.
My Invention consists in the manufacture of a composition suitable for the
foregoing purposes, by combining pulverised slate with vegetable or mineral
pitch. Instead of using the slate pulverized, I sometimes take it in an other-
wise considerably reduced or divided condition.
The proportions I mostly recommend, without, however, restricting myself
thereto, are as follows:-Two-thirds slate to one-third pitch. I sometimes
combine tar with the pitch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW COCKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Thomson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1862.
I, DAVID THOMSON, of Grosvenor Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCREW COCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the arrangement of the valve gear in screw
cocks, in such a manner that the joint between the thrust collar on the screw
spindle and the surface of the valve-box cover is rendered more or less per-
thus
fectly water-tight, both when the valve is closed and when it is open,
enabling me to dispense entirely with the packing and gland usually employed
for rendering the passage of the screw spindle through the valve box water-
tight. For this purpose I arrange a spring in such a manner in connection
with the valve spindle, that the thrust collar is always pressed with such force
against an accurately fitting seat on the valve-box cover, that the joint
between the surface of the thrust collar and that of its seat is always more or
less perfectly water-tight.
The manner of applying this spring to the screw spindle may be variously
modified; thus in one arrangement I place the spring inside that part of the
valve box which is ordinarily employed as the stuffing box, and I cause it to
press against a collar secured on the screw spindle; or I arrange the spring
so as to press against the under surface of the thrust collar, attaching it for

page_text: that purpose in any convenient manner to the inside of the valve box; or I
place the spring in the socket into which the lower end of the screw spindle
fits, and cause it to press such lower end upwards; or I arrange it in any
other suitable manner.
The meeting surfaces of the thrust collar on the screw spindle and its seat
may be formed in any suitable manner for making a water-tight joint when
pressed together, as before described. Thus these surfaces may be flat and
accurately ground together, or the one may be convex and the other concave,
or they may be conical, or they may be formed in any other suitable manner
so as to fit accurately together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS, SUITABLE FOR HATS, BONNETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Staunton Cahill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1862.
I, CHARLES STAUNTON CAHILL, of No. 9, Gerrard Street, River Terrace,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FELTED FABRICS, SUITABLE FOR HATS, BONNETS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of felted
fabrics and in covering hats, bonnets, and other articles with felting materials.
or with flock.
The first part of my Invention consists in the method of preparing felted:
fabrics, and I prepare such felted fabrics by taking a "body," "foundation," or
"form," of suitable shape, made of paper, paper pulp, calico, linen, or other-
woven fabric, and applying to it a coating of varnish, shellac, india-rubber in
solution, size, glue, or other suitable adhesive material, upon which I apply a.
sufficient quantity of ground or properly prepared flock, wool, silk, cotton, or
other suitable fibrous material, which is then pressed and worked to a proper'
surface, and if not of sufficient substance an additional coat or coats of the
adhesive material may be applied, and additional quantities of the felting or
other materials may be added.
My Invention also relates to the means employed for depositing the felting,

page_text: flock, or other materials upon hats, bonnets, or other articles. The hats,.
bonnets, or other articles are fixed upon drums or spindles, which are caused
to rotate at a proper speed by means of suitable mechanism. Outside these
drums or spindles are placed hollow drums or cylinders made with wood or
metal frames, which are covered with calico, liuen, canvass, wire gauze, or
other suitable fabric. These drums revolve in a contrary direction and at
right or oblique angles to the spindles carrying the hats, bonnets, or other
articles. The felting, flock, or other materials are placed within this outer
drum or cylinder, and as it rotates the materials are dispersed and float about
within the cylinder, when, as they come in contact with the hats, bonnets, or
other articles covered with the adhesive material, they attach themselves to it,
and continue to do so until the article is covered. The process of varnishing
or covering with adhesive material and applying the felt being repeated until
sufficient substance has been obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CLEANING ORGANIC MATTER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Théophile Moison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1862.
I, FRANÇOIS THEOPHILE MOISON, Chemist, 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROCESS OF CLEANING ORGANIC MATTER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the treatment of organic matter, more particularly
wool and other fibrous materials charged with fatty and oleaginous or resinous
substances, whereby I separate the said fatty, oleaginous, or resinous sub-
stances from such fibrous or other matter. For this purpose I place the
organic matter in a vessel where it may be subjected to pressure, and then
force through it, by means of a pump or by hydrostatic pressure, a current of
bisulphuret of carbon or other volatile hydrocarbons, which dissolve the greasy
substances and carry them off with it in a separate receiver, where by means
of heat I separate the one from the other, and, subsequently, in order to free
the organic matter from the volatile oil which may have been absorbed in the
mass, I cause it to be traversed by a current of heated air put in motion by a
force pump or an ordinary fan.
IMPROVE-- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Searle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th-
November 1862.
I, THOMAS JOHN SEARLE, of 4, Darnley Road, Hackney; in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE--
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be
as follows:-
Of
any suitable materials and to any required dimensions I form a circular
or other shaped framework, and on one or more parts of the same I raise or
make to any required size and in any convenient position a sectional chamber
or chambers, the same being a part or parts of a circle. I provide an axle
and fix the same transversely in or near the centre of the framework. The
chamber or chambers are constructed of metal or of any other suitable
material, and if two are used, are fixed right and left of the centre, or other-
wise the acute angles of the same are fixed conjointly to, over, and around a
part or parts of the axle or otherwise, and each chamber is made air and
water tight. Inside of each of the chambers fixed to and radiating upon the
axle or other provided axle there is a single, or if two chambers, a conjoint
movable limb; the same is made practically to fit and act water-tight in the
interior section of the chamber or chambers, a curved rod or rods enters the
chamber or chambers through a water-tight package, and the end or.ends of the
same are fixed to the movable limb or limbs, and it passes through a suitable
aperture or apertures into the chamber, or from one chamber into the other

page_text: chamber, as may be required for the purpose of conveying the motive power.
The movable limb or limbs radiate or swing to and frovinside the chamber or
chambers on the axle or other provided axle. Suitable valves are provided in
any suitable part of or in any convenient position contiguous to the chamber
or chambers, and connected with the same for the ingress or egress of
the water or other fluids. Valves may be inserted in the movable limb
or limbs if from position or construction used it is necessary. A lever or
levers of suitable construction exterior of the chamber or chambers is fixed on
or radiates on a part of the axle and moves the axle, or is fixed on or moves
another provided axle to communicate motion either direct to the axle and
limb or limbs aforesaid, or to the rod or rods, and is fixed thereto in any
suitable way and part as may be required; any other suitable gear may be
adopted and used with the apparatus described. The apparatus also may be
constructed for a force pump, a carriage engine, or a hand engine, by affixing
suitable additional apparatus or means thereto. The intire apparatus may be
fixed in any suitable position; in the above description it is vertical. The
motion of the fluids may be either in unity or otherwise. The curved rod or
rods, also the axle or axles used, may enter the chamber or chambers at any
required part of the same. The intire apparatus may be constructed either
single or otherwise, to suit the special purpose required.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SLEEVE TIE OR FASTENER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Walsham and Josiali
Walsham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th May 1862.
We, ROBERT WALSHAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Stamper and Piercer, and JOSIAH WALSHAM, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Stamper and Piercer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED SLEEVE TIE OR FASTENER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a sleeve tie or fastener for supporting or holding
up the sleeves of dresses, the said sleeve tie or fastener being constructed in
the following manner :-To each end of a piece of elastic webbing of rather
more than an inch long we attach a metallic hook, one of the said hooks
having a loop fixed to it, into which loop the other hook may be inserted at
pleasure. In using our sleeve tie or fastener the elastic webbing is passed
under the sleeve, and the hook on one end of the webbing being made to
engage with the loop on the other hook the sleeve is gathered up and secured
on or near the shoulder. On removing the hook from the loop the sleeve is
loosed, and the sleeve tie or fastener may be removed. The metallic hooks
at the ends of the webbing may be variously constructed, and have different
ornamental patterns.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REFINING OILS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Anthony Pols at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1862.
I, JOHN ANTHONY POLS, of Nye's Wharf, Grand Surrey Canal, Old Kent
Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REFINING OILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved method of refining oils. In the case
of rape, olive, or cotton seed oil, I mix with it American potas, quicklime, and
white vinegar to a strength of 36 Beaumè; after subjecting the oil to this
solution it is filtered through charcoal, sawdust, and salt. By this process I
produce a good oil for burning. For machine oil I use a solution of chloride
of lime of the strength of 20 degrees, with 2 to 3 degrees of sulphuric acid.
By this process, after filtration, I produce a bright oil free from grit, and not
to be affected by cold.
In the case of castor oil, in 100 pounds of oil I mix 3 pounds of animal
charcoal and carbonate of magnesia. After washing and filtering I mix with
the oil half an ounce of the oil of bitter almonds. By this process I make
castor oil bright and free from taste and smell.
In the case of cod-liver oil; I use a solution of carbonate of potas of
36 degrees Beaumè, and I make this oil perfectly free from taste and smell.
I do not require the use of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION BEAR SKIN CAPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Müller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
March 1862.
I, HENRY CHARLES MÜLLER, of Russell Place, New North Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Furrier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IMITATION BEAR SKIN CAPS,"
to be as follows:-
I take racoon skins, and dye them jet black to the root, then shape the skin
and form the imitation bear skin cap of any suitable shape, with the skin so
disposed and arranged that the hair in its natural position inclines or stands
upwards. I now treat the skin with a strong solution of linseed water,
combing and brushing it well, and training the hair in the reverse direction to
its natural inclination, causing it to fall down and stand straight out from the
cap, which then presents a perfect imitation of the real bear skin cap.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th Sep-
tember 1862.
I, THOMAS EDWARDS, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF PREPARING FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to find a cheap and efficient substitute for
raw or unmanufactured cotton. To this end I take linen and cotton rags, and
having carefully sorted them I submit them to a series of operations whereby
they will be reduced to a state of separate filaments. The first operation to
which I propose to submit the rags after sorting them is to a beating or
tearing action in a machine constructed on the principle of the machine well
known in the cotton and woollen trade as the "devil." In this machine the
woven threads will be torn, asunder and brought to a state of loose filaments.
These filaments I conduct to a carding engine for the purpose of carding out
the same, and reducing them to a state of fine fibres. The carding operation
may be repeated until fibres of the requisite fineness are obtained, and I then
convert the product into rovings which will admit of being spun in the usual
way of spinning cotton.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knowles, James Houghton,
William Knowles, and William Houghton, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th April 1862.
We, THOMAS KNOWLES, JAMES HOUGHTON, WILLIAM KNOWLES, and
WILLIAM HOUGHTON, of Gomersal, in the County of York, Machine Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of looms wherewith change shuttle
boxes and jacquard engines are employed in the weaving of fancy woollens or
other heavy fabrics; and because of the great size and strength required in
such looms, and consequently great weight of the lathe "going part,'
"working parts" of the loom, which, when in motion, cannot readily be
stopped without producing a sudden shock to the loom, so that when the
weft breaks, or becomes used up, the loom will run one, two, or more revo-
lutions, picks, or changes, without any weft being introduced. And here-
tofore on such occurrence, the loom has had to be reversed or turned
backward to the broken pick, or where the weft ceased to be introduced, and
in doing which the various parts became relatively deranged, and required
re-arranging. Now to avoid reversing the loom we apply a catch box and
apparatus or mechanism so arranged as to temporarily disconnect the lathe or
going part of the loom from the different apparatus which gives motion to the
shuttle boxes and the jacquard engine, and also so connect the shuttle boxes
and jacquard engine or the apparatus by which they are actuated, that they

page_text: can be turned back simultaneously by hand whilst the going part of the loom
remains stationary, by which means we can readily put all the parts right or
in proper relative position again.
AN IM- PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF GAS BURNERS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Eaton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1862.
I, JOHN EATON, of King's Norton, in the County of Worcester, Chandeliér
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF GAS
BURNERS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to gas burners of the kind commonly called argand
burners, and to such other burners for illuminating purposes as have an
annular figure. The said burners are ordinarily made with a body of brass
and have a ring-like plate of iron inserted in their upper side, in which plate
holes are drilled for the passage of the gas.
My Invention consists in making the said burners from small iron tubing.
In making the said burners according to my Invention, I bend a piece of iron
tubing into the form of a ring and join the ends together by brazing. The
said ring is supported by the pipe conveying the gas, which pipe is brazed to
the ring either at the point where the ends of the tube are joined or at any
other part. On the upper side of the tubular ring holes of the requisite size are
drilled for the passage of the gas. The small iron tubing I employ may either
be of a cylindrical figure or flattened; glass chimneys or globes of the ordinary
kinds are employed with gas burners made according to my Invention.
IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENTS FOR JOINING THE SAW PLATES OF VENEER AND OTHER SAWS CONSTRUCTED IN SEGMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fear, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1862.
I, WILLIAM FEAR, junior, of the City of Bristol, Veneer Cutter, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENTS FOR
JOINING THE SAW PLATES OF VENEER AND OTHER SAWS CONSTRUCTED IN SEGMENTS,"
to be as follows:-
Where the edge of one saw plate abuts against the other I make an orifice,
part of which shall be through one plate, and the other part through the
other, into this orifice I fit a copper or other suitable bolt which is passed into
the orifice, and then the thin end is flattened out, so as to rivet and secure the
bolt firmly in its place, whereby any two abutting plates are kept fast held
together, and the ends of the rivet may be made flush with the surface of the
saw plate or other plate, and will in wear always keep flush. Or instead of
the aforesaid means I can use a screw in an orifice of suitable size. Or in
some cases I might even use screwed or rivetted junction plates at the points
of junction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1862.
I, HORATIO WHITE, of 13, Mornington Place, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to men's shirt collars, and consists in attaching
the band to the collar in such a manner that the collar can be arranged for
one or more styles or fashions. This is effected in the manner shewn in the
accompanying Drawing.
Fig. 1 represents a cross section of the collar, with the band C, D, opened
out; A, C, is one half of the collar, with square edges, as shewn in the
elevation Fig. 4; C, B, the other half of the collar as shewn in elevation
in Fig. 8; and Fig. 2 represents the inside of the collar, shewing the
band C, D. From this it will be seen that the band C, D, is common to
both, and is brought into use simply by bending the band to the opposite side
of the collar to that which is required.
collar is turned down, we obtain another
may be thus obtained with the same collar.
Again, if one of these halves of the
kind of collar; a variety of changes
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Savage at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1862.
I, FREDERICK SAVAGE, of the St. Nicholas Iron Works, Lynn, in the
County of Norfolk, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in traction engines. In
arranging traction engines, it is desirable that the driving wheels should be
capable of being separately thrown in and out of gear with the crank shaft of
the steam engine, so that the machine may be able to turn readily. The
clutches now commonly used for this purpose are so formed that they cannot
be thrown out without shutting off the steam and stopping the engine.
According to my Invention I form in the following manner the clutches
through which the driving wheels are actuated :-I make the teeth of the
clutch which engage the one with the other inclined at their sides in place of
straight as is usual, so that the incline of the teeth may give the clutch a
slight tendency to come out of gear; I also make the teeth of the clutch
much more numerous than is usual for an ordinary traction engine. I com-
monly employ about sixteen teeth, whereas the ordinary clutch has but two
or three. I find that it is best not to form the teeth of the two clutch plates
exactly in the same manner, but that the teeth on one of the plates should be
(although inclined) flat both on their sides and ends, whilst the teeth of the
other plate are curved or convex at their sides. From this construction it.

page_text: results that although the clutch plates have but a very slight tendency to
separate when they are held in close contact, as soon as the plates are slightly
separated this tendency is increased. This construction also allows the clutch
to be readily thrown in when the engine is running; it is also very convenient
to employ clutches such as above described when two speeds of gear are used 5
in the traction engine, so that the gear may be changed without shutting off
the steam.
ROVEMENTS IN MAKING BOXES, AND PREPARING SHEETS FOR SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Whytock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
August 1862.
I, ANDREW WHYTOCK, of No. 12, Little Saint Andrew Street, Upper Saint
Martin's Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING BOXES, AND PREPARING SHEETS FOR
SAME," to be as follows:-
The boxes being of iron, coated with other metal or plain, I place a
board of wood inside, in order to give stability and strength to the box,
more especially at its top and bottom. Sometimes I line it with boards all
round. When desired the wood gives great facility in attaching the top sheet
to the rim of the box, and the bottom sheet to the body of the box, by means
of nails, which when cone-headed gives to box the appearance of being strongly
rivitted.
In preparing sheets for making boxes, it is at present usual to pass them
several times between what is called tinman's rollers, curving them each time
in opposite directions and ultimately flattening them as nearly as possible.
My Improvement consists in having more than one set of rollers, in order
that the several curvings and ultimate flattening may be done at once. The
machine to affect this will require sundry screws and guides.
I also propose to affect the several curvings and ultimate flattening of
the sheets by means of drawing them through a channel made for them by
means of bars, guides, or rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Vacher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1862.
I, FRANCIS VACHER, of Parliament Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTING PLAYING CARDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements relating to the orna-
mentation of playing cards, in order to give the edges of the pack a rich and
chaste appearance, in lieu of the plain white edges at present exposed.
I propose to take the packs of cards after they have been completed by the
ordinary processes of manufacture to place them in a suitable press, and to
scrape their edges in order to produce a smooth surface thereon, after which
the edges are to be sized and then glaired or treated with albumen, and
covered with gold or silver leaf, after which the surfaces are to be burnished.
I also propose to apply bronzes in powder or leaf of any desired color to the
edges of the packs after the requisite adhesive preparation. The edges may
then be burnished. The bronze may be of a variegated color or mixture.
I also propose to ornament the edges of the cards by coloring them in order
to present an uniform body color or a variegated or sprinkled surface, which
may then be burnished in the ordinary manner.
Or the colors may be
applied in stripes or sections so as to present a series of colors around the edges,
if each end and each side of the pack were colored in relatively corresponding
positions and widths of col rs, they would when packed always present the

page_text: same appearance or register of stripe. Or one or more sections or divisions
may be covered with a stripe of gold or silver leaf or bronze, or the sides
and ends of the packs may be gilt or silvered, or bronzed and colored respectively
as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATING CIRCULAR KNITTING FRAMES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1862.
I, GEORGE CHAPMAN, of Rutland Street, Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATING CIRCULAR KNITTING
FRAMES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rotating circular knitting
frames. In the manufacture of knitted fabrics, doubled yarns or threads are
often used consisting of different colors in the same thread; and heretofore it
has been usual, first, to double such yarns or threads in a separate machine,
and then to use the doubled thread in a knitting machine. Now, my Invention
consists in applying to circular rotating knitting frames apparatus suitable for
doubling yarns or threads at the same time that the knitting machinery is
producing its work, and for delivering such doubled thread to the needles of
the knitting frame. For this purpose two or more yarns or threads of different
colors on bobbins or in the form of cops are introduced, so that these threads
or yarns may be doubled as they proceed to the needles of the knitting
machine, the proper motions to the doubling apparatus being obtained from the
knitting frame or from a separate axis.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FOLDING ENVELOPES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rest Fenner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1862.
I, REST FENNER, of 7, Red Lion Court, Fleet St., Envelope Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR FOLDING ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a plunger working in a folding box and attatched
to a suatable cam by means of a rod. Attatched to this rod are various arms
which respectively actuate levers attatched to the gumming plunger, the
stamping plunger, the lever for opening the folding box, and the feeding
carriage; in the interior of the folding box are weighted bell-crank levers for
inclining the flaps of the envelope after the first desent of the plunger.
The mode of operation is as follows:-An envelope blank is fed upon the
feeding carriage, the plunger begins to desend, and the carriage is drawn in
until it is over the folding box, the gumming plunger desends and presses
the envelope blank upon a suatable gummer placed beneath it, at the same
time the stamping plunger is raised, and on its liberation desends with a blow
in consequence of a weight fixed upon it, thereby stamping the blank, the
plunger still desends and creases the blank, forcing back in its desent the bell-
crank levers which project into the folding box. The plunger is then with-
drawn and the flaps being inclined together by the bell crank levers coming

page_text: into play the plunger again desends and finishes the folding of the envelope,
laying the flaps down in their proper places by means of fingers placed inside
the plunger, the plunger is again withdrawn, the box opens, the envelope
drops out, and the feeding carriage runs out ready for another blank to be fed
upon it.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PROTECTING BEER AND OTHER FLUIDS FROM THE DIRECT ACTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of
the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1862.
I, ALFRED FORD, of the Priory, Battersea, in the Coy. of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF PROTECTING BEER AND OTHER FLUIDS FROM THE DIRECT ACTION OF
ATMOSPHERIC AIR," to be as follows, to be as follows:-
I place within a cask or vessel, or any appliance of any kind capable of
protecting the same, a sac or cylinder made of a light flaccid waterproof. material,
or air-tight substance, having one end fixed to the corresponding end or head
of the cask or vessel, and having one or more apertures corresponding to the
bunghole or taphole respectively, the edges of such opening or openings in
the sac or cylinder being elongated outwards, so as to overlap the edges of
the corresponding opening or openings in the cask or vessel, the other end
and sides of the sac or cylinder to be fixed or not to the cask or vessel, as
experience may determine best calculated to fulfil the object of my Invention.
I then place the fluid I wish to protect within such sac or cylinder, allowing
the air admitted through an opening or openings in the cask or vessel to act
only on the outer surface of such sac or cylinder, thereby adapting it to the
contained fluid, and keeping up the necessary pressure to secure the free
ejection of such fluid.

page_text: My improvements consist in placing beer or other fluids within a water-
proof or air-proof sac or cylinder, as described, so that no portion of such fluids
may come in direct contact with the inner side of the cask or vessel, and allowing
the air to act on such fluids indirectly only, by exerting its pressure upon the
outer surface of such sac or cylinder, thereby adapting it to the volume of its
contents, whereas in former methods having the same object, the sae or bag
has been placed external to the fluids, acting only as a diaphragm between it
and the inner surface of the cask or vessel.
A NEW MEDICINAL PREPARATION FOR INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL APPLICATION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Sirou, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August 1862.
I, JEAN SIROU, of Castel Sarrazin, in the Department of Tarn-et-Garonne,
in the Empire of France, Contractor of Public Works, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MEDICINAL PREPARATION FOR INTERNAL
AND EXTERNAL APPLICATION," to be as follows:-
The liquid forming the subject of my Invention will afford almost imme-
diate relief in cases of headache, cramps in the stomach, colic, bruises, cuts,
burns, female complaints, diseases of children, such as worms and convulsions,
and many other complaints, it will also preserve the hair. It is composed of
the following plants culled when at maturity, and in possession of all their
aroma, both flower and leaf being used unless one or other be specially indi-
cated 1, mentha viridis; 2, artemisia foliis pinnatifidis; 3, hypericum per-
foratum; 4, lavandula spicata; 5, achillea millefolium; 6, hypericum fuga
dæmonum ; 7, plantago arenaria; 8, hyssopus officinalis; 9, thymus serpillum;
10, thymus vulgaris; 11, teucrium foliis cordatis undulatis; 12, artemisia
absinthium; 13, salvia officinalis; 14, foeniculum officinale; 15, anethum
foeniculum; 16, apium petroselinum; 17, borrago officinalis; 18, lilium
candidum; 19, flores sambuci; 20, spirea ulmaria; 21, flores tiliæ parvi-
floræ; 22, flores rosarum centifoliarum; 28, flores citri medicæ; 24, rosma-
rinus officinalis,; 25, verbena officinalis; 26, santolina; 27, angelica;
28, lythrum salicaria; 29, anthemis pyrethrum. I place the flowers and
leaves above enumerated in a glass vase or bottle, mixing them in about equal

page_text: portions, I then press them gently down with tho hand, and pour upon them
as much wine-brandy as will cover them, close the vase or bottle, and leave
the whole to macerate and steep at an ordinary temperature during thirty
days, when I filter, and the liquid is ready for use. It may be applied with
a linen rag or sponge to the skin, or rubbed in, or it may be taken internally,
one large tablespoonfull to an adult, and a teaspoonfull to a child. If possible
the whole of the above-named plants should be used, but the absence of one
or two will but slightly affect the medicinal properties of the liquid.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL METALLIC PILLARS FOR BEDSTEADS, COTS, COUCHES, TABLES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Key and Ebenezer Hoskins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
14th August 1862.
We, JOHN KEY and EBENEZER HOSKINS, of the Firm of Key, Hoskins,
and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Metallic Bedstead
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL
METALLIC PILLARS FOR BEDSTEADS, COTS, COUCHES, TABLES, AND OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in manufacturing the said metallic pillars by casting,
as herein-after explained.
We will describe our Invention with reference to the manufacture of an
ornamental pillar. We make a mould in cast iron or other suitable material,
the said mould having internally the figure of the ornamental pillar to be
made. The said mould is made in two or more pieces. We place a rod or
tube of iron or a plain pillar in the axis of the mould, and pour into the
mould plaster of Paris or other mixture or composition which will dry or set
hard. There is thus made a core, which we place in another mould of the
same figure as that in which the said core was made, but somewhat larger in
diameter. We pour melted metal into the last described mould so as to fill
up the space between the said mould and the core with the said melted metal.

page_text: A hollow metallic pillar, having the same ornamental figure as the interior of
the outer mould, is thus produced.
In making plain metallic pillars according to our Invention we proceed in
the manner described with reference to an ornamental pillar, excepting that
we use moulds having a plain instead of an ornamental figure.
Plain and ornamental pillars may be made according to our Invention of
any metal or metallic alloy which can be cast in a mould, but we prefer to
.employ brass or zinc, or alloys composed of zinc and lead.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD ON TO BOBBINS OR SPOOLS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Gerrard Fitton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1862.
I, EDWARD GERRARD FITTON, of Ardwick, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD ON TO BOBBINS OR SPOOLS,"
to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to machines for the before-mentioned purpose,.
known as hand-spooling machines, and in which, as hitherto constructed, each
machine has one spindle only carrying the bobbin or spool on which the yarn
or thread is wound; the thread during the winding-on being guided and.
traversed alternately from one end to the other of the bobbin as it revolves
with the spindle, so as to be wound on in regular adjacent coils, and at the
same time pressed closely down, so as to preserve a smooth and even surface.
My Invention consists, first, in a novel combination and arrangement of
mechanism, whereby the action, which in the ordinary machine drives the
single spindle and regulates the winding on and pressing down, as above, of"
the thread on a single spool or bobbin is applied to two or more spindles, and
the spools or bobbins thereon in the same machine, by which means the-
operative is enabled to attend simultaneously to the winding-on of as many.
spools or bobbins as there are spindles in the machine instead of to one only.
Secondly, in the application of a spring to each guide or presser used for

page_text: guiding and pressing down the yarn--or thread, whereby the necessity of
pressing the guide by hand is obviated.
Thirdly, in an arrangement of mechanism, wherein a series of pins on one
or more vertical bar or bars raised and lowered by levers or other convenient
means act simultaneously on the guides or pressers, so as to lift and hold them 5
up, as required.
Fourthly, in the application of an eye to the guide or presser to prevent
the yarn or thread flying off, and to increase the drag or friction on the
threads in passing to the bobbin or spool.
Fifthly, in the application and arrangement of mechanism, wherein a lever,
brought into action by the foot of the attendant, moves one or more sliding
bar or bars to which a doffer plate is attached, so as to push the bobbins
off the spindles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING OR HEATING FLUIDS OR LIQUIDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pontifex at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1862.
I, CHARLES PONTIFEX, junior, of 55, Shoe Lane, in the City of London,
Coppersmith and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING OR HEATING FLUIDS OR LIQUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the arrangement and application of a hollow disc
or a series of hollow discs or cases of circular or other form, with or without
the addition of a division plate therein, such hollow discs or cases being
contained in a conical or other shaped vessel placed either in a horizontal or
vertical position; cold or heated fluid or liquid enters the apparatus at either
end of a central connecting pipe or passage, and after passing through the
series of discs or cases it is discharged at the opposite end of the central pipe
or passage. These discs or cases are supported within a conical or other
shaped vessel, and the fluid or liquid to be cooled or heated is passed through
the containing vessel and through openings formed through the discs or cases
until the required temperature is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING IRON PLATES AND IN UNITING AND FIXING ARMOUR PLATES ON SHIPS AND OTHER STRUC- TURES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bedford Clapperton Trevelyan
Pim and George Fawcus at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 10th February 1862.
We, BEDFORD CLAPPERTON TREVELYAN PIM, of the Junior United Service
Club, Saint James's, Commander in the Royal Navy, and GEORGE FAWCUS, of
North Shields, in the County of Northumberland, Ship Builder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING IRON
PLATES AND IN UNITING AND FIXING ARMOUR PLATES ON SHIPS AND OTHER STRUC-
TURES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in uniting iron plates to one another by means of
double shafted keys or rivets, which we drive into dovetail grooves formed in
each of the plates to be united. The double shafts are united and form but
one piece by means of a web, which, when the parts are in position, comes in
the same plane as the seam between the two plates. The grooves may be of
the regular angular dovetail, or they may be circular or of any other suitable
form, but of course must correspond with that of the key.
When for the purpose of uniting armour plates, and fixing them to any
structure, we form one or more slots through the key or rivet at that part
which, when in position, will come behind the structure to which the plates
are to be fixed, and we insert pins into the said slots. In addition to this
means of fastening, or in substitution for it, we sometimes taper off the double-
shafted key or rivet into one shaft at the point, thread it, and after passing it
through a hole in the framework of the structure, fasten up by a nut.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1862.
I, FRANCIS SPENCER, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to that part of the loom known as the letting-
off motion, or the mechanism for unwinding the yarn off the warp beam, and
it consists in supporting the warp beam upon rollers, to which a positive
uniform motion is given at every pick, or after every two or more picks; the
motion for the rollers may be derived from the tappet shaft or other con-
venient part of the loom, and as the surface of the warp bears on the rollers it
is evident that the motion given to the rollers will unwind a uniform quantity
of the warp threads, notwithstanding the gradual reduction of the diameter of
the warp on the beam. In order to prevent the slipping of the warp beam a
weight may be suspended to a band passing over the ends of the beam.