IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents,
of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRUSHES," which invention has been communicated to me from abroad by Andrew
Albright of Newark, New Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturer, to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of brushes, and
consists in a novel method of and means for securing the bristles to the handle of
the brush, whereby the former are effectually retained in position; and in a novel
construction of the end of the handle to which the bristles are secured, whereby
the brush is dense and compact through its entire lower portion, leaving no space
at the upper end of the wooden stock in which oil or paint may accumulate.
The handle of the brush is made preferably of wood and of any desired con-
figuration. The upper end of the handle is slit, to receive a metallic plate, the
lower corners of which after the insertion of the plate, are bent around on opposite
sides of the handle whereby the plate is firmly secured in position, the upper and
side edges of said plate project & suitable distance beyond the handle according
to the size of the brush to be manufactured.
Upon the upper end of the handle and enclosing the lower portions of said plate
is applied a base molded in position and of suitable outline, according to the
character of the brush to be produced. The rubber of this base will form a thin
film over the upper end of the handle and a. suitable distance down the sides of
the same.
The said base not only forms a foundation for the bristles of the brush,
but serves to effectually prevent the loosening or withdrawal of said plate. The
next step in the process of manufacturing the brush is the securing of the bristles
upon said base.
According to one method practiced in the manufacture of the brush, I take the
bristles and after arranging them in regular order between two strips, I immerse
their lower ends in a rubber solution contained in a suitable receptacle. The
bristles will be arranged between said strips in a layer of suitable thickness and
.

page_text: upon their withdrawal from the receptacle it will be found that their lower ends
are thoroughly coated with and connected by the rubber whereby the row or layer
of bristles are formed into a continuous strip. Upon the removal of the layer of
bristles from said receptacle the rubber on their lower ends is exposed to the
atmosphere until it has become sufficiently hardened to permit of its being handled
without inconvenience, whereupon it is wound around and around said plate until
a sufficient quantity of the bristles have been applied to form the brush, the lower
edge of the rubber enclosing the lower ends of the bristles resting upon said base.
The bristles are wound upon said plate, and after a sufficient amount of the bristles
have been applied to form the brush a piece of cloth soaked in rubber solution will
be wrapped around the base and so much of the bristles as were covered with the
rubber solution. The rubber cloth is pressed" neatly around said base and after-
wards a strip of rubber is wrapped about the cloth projecting a short distance
above and below its upper and lower edges, whereupon the brush is subjected to
heated dies which will exert a pressure upon the rubber strip and consolidate said
base, the rubber at the lower end of the bristles, the cloth and strip, forming a
solid foundation which will effectually hold the bristles in position and will not be
affected by moisture.
"
may as a modification take a proper quantity of bristles and enclose them
within an elliptically shaped band so as to give them form and thereupon immerse
the lower ends of the bristles in a receptacle containing rubber in solution, allowing
the bristles to remain in the solution until their lower ends have become thoroughly
coated by the rubber; after which the bristles are withdrawn and allowed, preferably,
to partially dry and are then inserted over said metallic plate, the lower edge of
the coated bristles resting upon said, base. After this the strip of rubber cloth and
strip of rubber are applied around the base and the lower ends of the bristles as
before described, whereupon the rubber parts of the brush are subjected to the
action of the 'dies in the usual manner, whereby said parts become consolidated
and effectually secure the bristles. In either case the bristles are thoroughly
connected and when the lower end of said bristles carrying the rubber solution are
applied to said base and the rubber cloth and strips of rubber are wrapped around
the latter and the whole subjected to heat and pressure, the bristles will be secured
in a very effectual manner.
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Rubber may be employed, to secure the bristles together and to the handle. The
bristles are dipped in a hard rubber solution and upon their removal from the said
hard rubber solution, they are placed upon, a suitable steam table for. the purpose of
solidifying the rubber. After the rubber on the bristles has become hardened, the,
base of the bristles will be, again dipped in a hard, rubber solution and, will be
placed upon the upper end of the handle, which has been previously dipped in, the
same solution, after which the upper portion of the handle, and the base of the
bristles will be wrapped as above and the brush finished, in a suitable die subjected
to heat and pressure. The rubber on the base of, the bristles, and that on the
handle together with said strips become solidified, and, welded, together under the
action of the dies, so that when the brush is completed the bristles will be effectually,
secured together and to the handle.
The impervious character of the, hard rubber, will render, it, desirable for some
styles of brushes, but the soft rubber; may be used; in other. kinds without.
detriment.
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page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents,
of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES,"-
which invention has been communicated to me from abroad by Andrew Albright
of Newark, New Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturer,-and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
--
1 -
1
The invention relates to Improvements in the manufacture of Brushes, and
consists in a novel method of and means for securing the bristles to the handle of
the brush, whereby the former are effectually retained in position; and in a novel
construction of the end of the handle to which the bristles are secured, whereby the
brush is dense and compact through its entire lower portion, leaving no space at
the upper end of the wooden stock in which oil or paint may accumulate, all as
hereinafter particularly described and pointed out in the claims. The invention
will be more fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings forming
a part of this application, in which drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation of a,
brush constructed according to my invention; Figure 2 is a central vertical section
of same through the line a - b of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side view of the handle
of the brush before the bristles are applied; Figure 4 is a sectional view on the
line c
-d of Figure 3; Figure 5 is a central vertical transverse section of the
handle on the line e
- f, of Figure 3 after the rubber base hereinafter described
has been applied around the upper end of the wooden stock; Figure 6. is a
sectional view on the line g -h of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a view illustrating one
part of the process hereinafter described whereby the rubber in solution is applied
to the lower ends of the bristles forming the brush; Figure 8 is an edge view of a
partially completed brush illustrating the manner of applying the bristles to the
handle; Figure 9 is a detached view of a strip of rubber cloth and Figure 10 is a
similar view of a strip of rubber used in the manufacture of the brush as herein-
after explained; Figure 11 is a view partly in section of a nearly completed brush
made according to a modification of the process of manufacturing the brushes
illustrated in the foregoing figures; Figure 12 is a sectional view on the line -- j.
of Figure 11; Figure 13 is a central, vertical, transverse section on the line k
of Figure 11; Figure 14 is a view illustrating the method of applying the rubber.
solution to the lower ends of the bristles of the brush shown in Figures 11, 12
and 13; Figure 15 is a side elevation of a modified form of brush constructed
according to the invention; Figure 16 is a central vertical section on the line m, n,
of Figure 15; Figure 17 is an enlarged detached view of the same; Figure 18 is a
transverse section on the line op of Figure 15; Figure 19 is a detached broken
view of the steam table hereinafter referred to upon which the bristles carrying the
hard rubber solution at their base is placed, and Figure 20 illustrates the process
of dipping in a hard rubber solution the bristles shown in Figure 19 and the.
shank end of the handle of the brush preparatory to applying the former upon the
latter and then wrapping the joint thus formed with strips of rubber such as those.
indicated in Figures 9 and 10,

page_text: Referring to the drawings A denotes the brush-handle which will usually be of
wood and of any desirable configuration. The upper end of the handle A is slit to
receive the metallic plate B, the lower corners C of which after the insertion of the
plate are bent around on opposite sides of the handle, as indicated in Figures 3
and 4, whereby the plate is firmly secured in position; the upper and side edges
of the plate B project a suitable distance beyond the handle according to the size
of the brush to be manufactured. Upon the upper end of the handle or stock A
and enclosing the lower portions of the plate B is applied a base D molded in
position and of suitable outline according to the character of the brush to be
produced. The rubber of the base D will form a thin film over the upper end of
the stock A and a suitable distance down the sides of the same. The base D not
only forms a foundation for the bristles of the brush, but serves to effectually
prevent the loosening or withdrawal of the plate B. The next step in the process
of manufacturing the brush is the securing of the bristles upon the base D and
this I accomplish by the method illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 inclusive or that
illustrated in Figures 11 to 14 inclusive. According to the method practiced in
the manufacture of the brush illustrated in Figure 1, I take the bristles lettered E
and after arranging them, in, regular order between two strips F, G, I immerse
their lower ends in a rubber solution contained in a.receptacle H, as. indicated in
Figure 7. Any suitable means may be substituted for the strips F, G, these being
shown merely to illustrate one method of holding the bristles while their lower
ends are treated in the rubber solution. It will be understood of course that any
suitable length of the bristles E may be treated in the rubber solution at one time,
according to the size of the receptacle H and the convenience of the operator. The
bristles E will be arranged between the strips F, G, in a layer of suitable thickness
and upon their withdrawal from the receptacle H it will be found that their lower
ends are thoroughly coated with and connected by the rubber whereby the row or
layer of bristles are formed' into a continuous strip as indicated with sufficient
accuracy in Figure 8. Upon the removal of the layer of bristles from the
receptacle the rubber on their lower ends is exposed to the atmosphere until it
has become sufficiently hardened to permit of its being handled without incon-
venience, whereupon it is wound around and around the plate B until a sufficient
quantity of the bristles have been applied to form the brush, the lower edges of
the rubber enclosing the lower ends of the bristles resting upon the base D. The
process of winding the layer of bristles E upon the plate B is shown in Figure 8,
and after a sufficient amount of the bristles have been applied to form the brush a
piece of cloth J soaked in rubber solution will be wrapped around the base D and
so much of the bristles E as were covered with the rubber' solution from the
receptacle H. The rubber cloth J is pressed neatly around the base D and after-
wards a strip of rubber K is wrapped, about the cloth J projecting a short distance
above and below its upper and lower edges, whereupon the brush is subjected to
heated dies which will exert a pressure upon the rubber strip K and consolidate
the base D, the rubber at the lower ends of the bristles, the cloth J and strip K,
forming a solid foundation which will effectually hold the bristles in position and
will not be affected by moisture. It will be noted that the strip of bristles
closely impinges the sides of the metallic plate B and that when the pressure is
completed but an insignificant space is formed at the upper end of the handle A.
-
In the modification illustrated in Figures 11 to 14 inclusive the handle A,
plate B and base D are exactly the same as the similarly lettered' devices in
Figures 1 to 8 inclusive, the only difference between the modification and the'
brush illustrated in Figure 1 being that in the former I take a proper quantity of
bristles E and enclose them within an elliptically shaped band L so as to give them
form and thereupon immerse the lower ends of the bristles in a receptacle con-
taining rubber-in solution, as indicated in Figure 14, allowing the bristles to remain
in the solution until their lower. ends have become thoroughly coated by the
rubber; after-which the bristles are withdrawn and allowed; preferably, to partially
dry and are then inserted over the metallic plate B, as shown in Figure 13, the

page_text: lower edge of the coated bristles resting upon the base D. After this the strip of
rubber cloth J and strip of rubber K are applied around the base D and the lower
ends of the bristles E as before described and as indicated in Figure 11;. whereupon
the rubber parts of the brush are subjected to the action of the dies in the usual
manner; whereby said parts become consolidated and effectually secure the bristles.
In Figures 11 and 12, the position of the parts J, K, shown is that they assume
when first placed upon the base D and before the dies for compressing and con-
solidating the parts have been applied.
It will be observed that the effect of the rubber solution in either one of the
processes hereinbefore described is to thoroughly connect the bristles, and that
when the lower end of said bristles carrying the rubber solution are applied to the
base D and the parts J, K, are wrapped around the latter and the whole subjected
to heat and pressure, the bristles will be secured in a very effectual manner.
In Figures 15 to 20 inclusive I illustrate a brush and the process of making it
in which rubber is employed to secure the bristles together and to the handle A
In this process the bristles E are dipped in a hard rubber solution in like manner
as the bristles illustrated in Figures 7 and 14 are dipped in soft rubber, and upon
their removal from the said hard rubber solution they are placed upon a suitable
steam table M for the purpose of solidifying the rubber as indicated in Figure 19,
in which N denotes the rubber upon the base of the bristles. After the rubber on.
the bristles E has become hardened the base of the bristles will be again dipped
in a hard rubber solution and will be placed upon the upper end of the handle A.
which has been previously dipped in the same solution, after which the upper!
portion of the handle and the base of the bristles. will be wrapped with strips J, K,
and, the brush finished in a suitable die subjected to heat and pressure, as is the
case with the brushes illustrated in Figures 1 and 11. The rubber on the base of
the bristles and that on the handle A together with the strips J, K, become
solidified and welded together under the action of the dies, so that when the brush
is completed the bristles will be effectually secured. together and to the handle A.
In the manufacture of the brushes illustrated in Figures 1 and 11 a soft rubber
solution. may be used, and, as aforesaid, a hard rubber solution is employed in
manufacturing the brush illustrated in Figure 15. I have thus specified the method
of manufacturing both classes of brushes without departing from the scope of the
invention sought to be protected hereby. The impervious character of the hard
rubber will render it desirable for some styles of brushes; but the soft rubber may
be used in other kinds without detriment.
I do not limit my invention to any particular form of the plate B, or base D, or
to any specified manner of applying the rubber solution to the lower ends of the
bristles, nor to the composition of the rubber solution, since it is plain that these
may be modified without departing from the spirit of my invention. Any solution
may be used in the receptacle H which will resist the action of moisture and firmly
secure the lower ends of the bristles in the manner specified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The process herein before described of making brushes, which consists in
connecting the bristles together at one end by a rubber solution and then applying
them to the brush handle; substantially as set forth.
Second. The process of making brushes herein before described consisting in
(1) immersing the lower ends of the bristles in a rubber solution, (2) applying the
bristles to the brush handle, (3) wrapping the lower ends of the bristles and the
upper end of the handle with a strip of rubber, and (4) subjecting the whole to
pressure in heated dies; substantially as set forth.
Third. The process hereinbefore described of making brushes, which consists in
(1) arranging the bristles in a layer or strip and immersing their lower ends
in a rubber solution, (2) winding the layer of bristles upon the brush handle

page_text: (3) applying an exterior layer of rubber over the base of the bristles, and (4) sub-
jecting the whole to heat and pressure; substantially as set forth.
Fourth. A brush having its bristles secured together at their lower end by a
rubber solution substantially as set forth.
Fifth. In a brush the handle having at its upper end the thin plate B, in com-
bination with the proper quantity of bristles having their lower ends secured by
a rubber solution, the plate B being centrally within the bristles; substantially as
set forth.
Sixth. In a brush, the handle A carrying at its upper end the rubber base D, in
combination with the proper quantity of bristles having their lower ends secured
together by a rubber solution, the rubber coated ends of the bristles being secured
to the base D; substantially as set' forth.
Seventh. In a brush the handle carrying upon its upper end a rubber base and
a central projection extending therefrom, in combination with the bristles E having
their lower ends secured by a rubber solution, and with an exterior layer of rubber
covering the base D and the lower ends of the bristles, substantially as set
forth.
.
Eighth. In a brush, the bristles having their lower ends connected by a rubber
solution and secured to the brush handle by heat and pressure substantially as
set forth.
Ninth. In a brush, the bristles E having their lower ends secured by rubber
solution and applied to the brush handle and enclosed by an exterior strip of rubber,
the whole being subjected to heat and pressure.
Tenth. The handle A, rubber base D and plate B, in combination with the layer
of bristles E having their lower ends secured by a rubber solution, the layer of
bristles being wound around the plate B and the whole secured by an exterior strip
of rubber.applied by heat and pressure substantially as set forth.
011
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