Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Nov., 1886.
Complete Left, 14th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 16th Aug. 1887.
FRANCIS HOWLETT and WILLIAM HENRY VENABLES Engineers-both of Atlas
Works, Woodfield Road Harrow Road, London, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:—
"
This invention relates to an improved method of attaching mixing Knives or
Blades to the shafts or axles of Pugging and Mixing Machines, more particularly
such as are commonly used for preparing clay for Brick and Tile making purposes, but
it is also applicable to all that class of mixing machines in which mixing or stirring
blades are attached to a shaft or shafts revolving in a cylinder or casing, or the casing
revolvs round the shaft.
The shaft or axle may be of various sectional forms, but by preference of a square
or hexagonal section.
The Knives or blades which may be of cast or wrought iron steel or other suitable
material, are formed with a jaw or boss at one end, of size and form corresponding to
the section of the shaft.
This jaw is formed like the jaw of an ordinary spanner so that it will clip the shaft
in the same way that a spanner clips a nut. Projections or recesses or both are formed
upon the two faces of the jaw, or by preference projections upon one face and
corresponding recesses upon the other.
The Knives are placed upon the shaft in such a way that no two adjacent Knives
point in the same direction and having the projections upon the jaw of one Knife
towards the recesses upon the jaw of the adjacent one.-The Knives are then moved
together by sliding them longitudinally upon the shaft so that the projections upon
the jaw of one Knife fall into the recesses upon the adjacent one and thus all are
firmly locked upon the shaft.

page_text: The end Knives are fastened by nuts or keys or other simple means.
When it is desired to fix the Knives at a greater distance apart upon the shaft
collars or distance pieces are used corresponding in form to the jaws of the Knives and
having similar projections and recesses. These collars may be of any width and one
or more may be placed between the Knives.
By forming the Mixing Knives or Blades in the way described they may be fixed
upon shafts in various positions and their number and arrangement may be varied
from time to time.
Dated thin 15th days of Nawaban 1986

page_text: We, FRANCIS HOWLETT and WILLIAM HENRY VENABLES, both of the Atlas Works,
Woodfield Road, Harrow Road, Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers &c.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to an improved Method of Attaching Mixing Knives or Blades
to the Shafts or Axlos of Pugging and Mixing Machines, more particularly such as are
commonly used for preparing clay for brick and tile making purposes; but it is also
applicable to all that class of Mixing Machines in which mixing or Stirring Blades are
attached to a shaft or shafts revolving in a cylinder or casing or the casing revolves
round the shaft.
The Shaft or Axle may be of various sectional forms, but by preference of a Square
or Hexagonal Section. The Knives or Blades which may be of cast or wrot Iron,
Steel, or other snitable material, are formed with a Jaw or Boss at one end, of size
and form corresponding to the section of the shaft.. This Jaw is formed like the Jaw
of an ordinary spanner, so that it will clip the shaft in the same way that a spanner
clips a nut.
Projections or recesses or both are formed upon the two faces of the Jaws, or by
preference, projections upon one face and corresponding recesses upon the other.
The Knives are placed upon the shaft in such a way that no two adjacent Knives
point in the same direction, and having the projections upon the Jaw of one Knife
towards the recesses upon the Jaw of the adjacent one. The Knives are then moved
together by sliding them longitudinally upon the shaft so that the projections upon the
Jaw of one Knife fall into the recesses upon the adjacent one, and thus all are firmly
locked upon the shaft. The end Knives may then be fastened by nuts or Keys or
other simple means.
When it is desired to fix the Knives at a greater distance apart upon the shaft, we
make use of collars or distance pieces, corresponding in form to the jaws of the Knives,
and having similar projections and recesses. These collars may be of any width, and
one or more may be placed between the Knives.
By forming the Mixing Knives or Blades in the way we have described, they may
be fixed upon the shaft in various positions and their number and arrangement may be
varied from time to time.
Figures 1 & 2. represent a shaft of square section fitted with Knives or Blades upon
our improved system.
Figs. 3 & 4. represent a shaft of Hexagonal section fitted with Knives or Blades and
having collars or distance pieces between the Knives.
Fig. 5 represents a Knife or Blade of cast metal.
Fig. 6 represents a Knife or Blade and Collar of forged metal.
Figs. 7 & 8 represent Collars or Distance Pieces for placing between the Knives.

page_text: In Figs. 1. 2. 3. & 4. A is a shaft such as is commonly used for pugging and
mixing machines, having towards one end a collar, H, and towards the other end a
nut, C, Key D, or other convenient means for tightening up the Knives. B. B. are
the Mixing Knives or Blades, and E. E. are the Collars or Distance Pieces. F. F. are
the projections upon the Jaws of the Knives and Collars and are more clearly shown
in Figs. 5. 6. 7. & 8.
The Knives are first placed loosely upon the shaft, each one pointing in the desired
direction, and when all are in position, the Nut C. Fig. 2. or Key D. Fig. 4. is
tightened up, and all will be tightly locked in place. One or more Collars, E. E. may
be placed between the Knives as in Fig. 4.
By our improved method of fixing the Knives, if it is desired to remove or alter
the position of one or more of the Knives or to introduce one or more collars in place
of Knives, it is only necessary to loosen the nut C. (or Key_D) and to slide the
Knives a little way longitudinally upon the shaft, when any one Knife can be removed
without removing any of the others, and the strength of the shaft is not reduced by
drilling or punching holes or cutting away any portion of it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is
The improved method of fastening the Knives or Blades upon the shaft A of
Pugging and Mixing Apparatus, substantially as herein set forth and described.
L 14 daw of Jul 1887
.