IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING CANDLES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING CANDLES."-A commu-
nication from abroad by Henry Ryder and Horatio Leonard, both of.
New Medford, County of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, in the
United States of America.
Sealed the 22nd June 1860, and dated the 11th January 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th January 1860.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING CANDLES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention of improved apparatus for. moulding candles is
to obtain a candle-moulding apparatus by which the candles may be readily
withdrawn from the moulds, and also one by which the lower orifices of the
moulds may be readily packed or closed, and also opened without disfiguring
or marring the tip of the candles. The Invention is more especially designed

page_text: for the manufacture or moulding of paraffine candles, or those made from any
stock that is liable to adhere to the moulds, and is frangible and consequently
difficult to withdraw therefrom, and also liable to be disfigured at the tips,
when the moulds are plugged or stopped at their lower orifices in the usual
way.
The Invention consists, firstly, in the employment or use of a receiver or
trough made separate from the body of the mould or series of moulds, so that
it may serve as a means for admitting of the application of sufficient power
to withdraw the candles from the whole scries of moulds simultaneously, or at
one operation by simply raising or lifting the trough or receiver.
The Invention consists, secondly, in the employment or use of springs pro-
vided with india-rubber or other proper clastic material adapted as a packing
to the lower orifices of the moulds, so that these orifices may, by a simple
adjustment of the springs, be readily closed, and also readily opened without
injuring the tips of the candles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward. Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from, time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING CANDLES," being a commu-
nication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and

page_text: seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause.
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked, thereon (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention of improved apparatus for moulding candles
is to obtain a candle-moulding apparatus, by which the candles may be readily
withdrawn from the moulds, and also one by which the lower orifices of the
moulds may be readily packed or closed, and also opened, without disfiguring
or marring the tip of the candles. The Invention is more especially designed
for the manufacture or moulding of paraffine candles, or those made from any
stock that is liable to adhere to the moulds, and is brittle in its nature, and
consequently difficult to withdraw from the moulds, and also liable to be
disfigured at the tips of the candles when the moulds are plugged or stopped
at their lower orifices in the usual way.
The Invention consists, firstly, in the employment or use of a receiver or
trough, made separate from the body of the mould or series of moulds, so that
it may serve as a means for admitting of the application of sufficient power
to withdraw the candles from the whole series of moulds simultaneously or at
one operation by simply raising or lifting the trough or receiver. The
Invention consists, secondly, in the employment or use of springs provided
with india rubber or other proper elastic material adapted as a packing to
the lower orifices of the moulds, so that these orifices may by a simple adjust-
ment of the springs be readily closed, and also readily opened, without
injuring the tips of the candles.
t
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal vertical
section of the improved apparatus taken in the line a, a, of Fig. 2; Fig. 2
is a transverse vertical section of the same taken in the line y, y, of Fig. 1;
Fig 3, an inverted plan of a portion of the apparatus; similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures. A, A, repre-
sent two uprights or end pieces which are connected near their lower ends,
by a horizontal beam or plank B, and connected near their upper ends by a
horizontal metal plate C. To the under side of the beam or plank B there is
attached longitudinally and centrally a beam or plank D at right angles;

page_text: the above named parts form the framing of the apparatus. E represents a
series of candle moulds, which are of the usual form, and may be constructed
of the usual material, (viz.) tin or sheet metal. These moulds are fitted in the
plank and plate B, C, of the framing in two parallel rows, and the lower
parts of the moulds extend through the plank B a sufficient distance to
expose their tips a. The upper ends of the moulds are provided with flanges b,
which are fitted in the plate C, and serve to sustain the moulds in the framing.
On the plate C a strip of india-rubber F or other suitable elastic material is
placed. This strip of india-rubber is of equal length and width with the
plate C, and it has circular openings ċ made in it to coincide. with the
upper ends or orifices of the moulds E. On the strip of india-rudder 'F à
metal plate G is secured. This plate also has openings made in it coinciding
with the upper orifices of the moulds, but these openings are somewhat larger
in diameter than the openings c, the latter being equal in diameter to the
interior of the moulds E, while the former are sufficiently larger to admit the
lower ends of short tubes e, which project from the bottom of a receiver or
trough H, the tubes c, resting on the india-rubber F at the edges of the
openings c. The receiver or trough H may be of a quadrilateral oblong
form, with slightly inclined sides and made of cast iron; the tubes e are
equal in number to the number of the moulds, and so disposed as to coincide
with them when placed on the india-rubber F. The tubes all communicate
with the interior of the receiver or trough, and they may slightly exceed in
their internal diameter the moulds E, and openings c, of the rubber F. The
tubes e are firmly pressed down on the rubber F, by means of keys f, which
_pass_horizontally through slotted uprights g, attached to the upper part of
cach upright A, and bear on flanges h, h, at the ends of the receiver or trough
as shewn clearly in Fig. 1. The keys f being taper of course force or press
down the receiver or trough, and press the bottoms of the tubes on the rubber
F, forming tight joints between the tubes and the moulds.
To the under side of the plank D flat springs I are attached by pivots i, each
pivot passing through the ends of two springs, as shown clearly in Fig. 3. . On
the upper side of each spring, at its free or disengaged end, à piece of india-
rubber j, or other suitable elastic material, is placed. The springs I are of such
a length, and they are attached to the plank D at such points, that the rubberj
of each spring may be adjusted 'under the lower orifice of each mould, and
made to form a tight packing for the same, the elasticity of the springs
keeping the rubber pressed snugly against the orifices, the springs being con-
structed or arranged with a view to this end. By adjusting the springs I, or

page_text: 5
turning them to the right and left on their pivots i, the lower orifices of the
moulds may be opened and closed.
The wicks k may
be adjusted in the moulds E in the usual manner, or in
any proper way, and the upper end of the wicks suspended on rods as usual,
the rods / being fitted in bearings m longitudinally over the receiver or trough H.
The lower ends of the wicks kare permitted to project below, the lower orifices
of the moulds E.: When the wicks k are properly adjusted in the moulds E,
and the lower orifices of the same are closed by adjusting the springs I, so that
the rubber will press against their lower orifices, the melted material is
poured into the receiver or trough H, the latter being previously secured on
the top of the framing, so that its tubes e will be snugly pressed on the
rubber F at the edges of its openings c, by driving home the keys f. The
moulds E are filled, and the receiver or trough H wholly or partially so, and
when the stock is cold the keys f are removed or knocked out from the slotted
uprights g, and the rubber stoppers or packing j are removed from underneath
the lower orifices. of the moulds, and by means of levers or any suitable con-
trivance applied to the receiver or trough H, the latter may be raised, and on
being elevated, it will draw the candles from the moulds, it being understood
that the substance in the moulds and that in the receiver or trough are united
or form a common mass; and hence the stock or substance in the moulds will
be withdrawn as the receiver or trough is elevated.
When the candles are
withdrawn from the moulds E, the former are severed from the mass of the
stock at the lower ends of the tubes e, and the superfluous stock or substance
in the receiver or trough being then removed the latter is secured on the
framing as before, the lower orifices of the moulds closed by the rubber
packing j, and the operation repeated.
From this description it will be seen that the candles may be readily with-
drawn from the moulds, as a requisite power may be applied to the receiver or
trough H, and in consequence of stopping or packing the lower orifices of the
moulds by the rubber packing j attached to the springs I the tips of the
candles will not be marred or disfigured, as has hitherto been the case by the
insertion of wooden or other plugs, which are not only difficult to withdraw on
account of their swellings by the absorption of the warm stock or melted
material, but are also liable to disfigure the tips of the candles.
Having now described this Invention of improved apparatus for moulding
candles, and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, as
communicated to me by my foreign correspondent as aforesaid, 1 claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,―

page_text: First, the mode herein set forth of constructing and adapting the receiver or
trough H.
Second, the mode herein set forth of packing the ends of the moulds (viz.)
by means of india-rubber or other proper elastic material, and also the use of
the springs I for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)