IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City
of Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CORN
AND OTHER GRAIN, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from
abroad by Abel Mariotte, Achille Mariotte, and E. Boffy, all of Paris, in tho
Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN, AND APPARATUS THERE-
FOR." (A communication from abroad by Abel Mariotte, Achille Mariotte, and
E. Boffy, all of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
"
This Invention relates to a novel application and use in mills for grinding corn
and other grain of flat milling discs of hard or hardened metal (cast in a piece),
and to a method or process of grinding by such means.
The complete grinding requires two pairs of discs at least; the first pair has its
working surfaces more or less coarsely grooved.; the last pair is formed with
smooth surfaces traversed by radiating grooves serving for the disengagement of
the ground material.
When the grinding is effected with more than two pairs of discs, the inter-
mediate pair have their working faces more finely grooved than the first pair, as
they have to operate on more finely divided or smaller particles.
The first or the succeeding intermediate milling discs may be utilised as first or
head inill stones to commence the operation if the grooves be large enough to
operate on the grain under treatment.
The purpose of the first pair of discs is to open and to crack the grain generally
along the crease where the dust lodges, and from which it is usually a matter of
great difficulty to remove it. Very little flour is obtained at this first operation,
only about 11 to 1/ now cont

page_text: The bruised material thus produced having been purified by bolting or dressing,
and by fanning from the dust the small quantity of flour, the skin or husk and the
beards of the grain is again operated on by the same first mill discs placed nearer
together, or by the succceding mill discs provided with finer grooves.
The attached semolina-bran (le sous attachès de semoule) is successively separated
from the stripped semolina, the groats or middlings (gruaux) and the flour, and is
repeatedly taken up again until its complete detachment from the gerins and
'farinaceous particles is attained.
The semolina and groats nearly absolutely freed from germs and bran is finally
passed to the smooth or last mill discs, which transform it into flour, from which
the fine bran termed "tailings" (queus de mouture) is climinated.
This last operation of the conversion into flour of the semolina and groats or
middlings (gruaux) produced by the preceding bolting or dressing and grinding
operations may be effected by smooth cylinders or rolls combined with the first and
intermediate mill discs.
The grooves in the mill discs are arranged in such manner that tho grains which
lodge therein become, under the influence of the draught created by the centrifugal
force, placed lengthways in the grooves, from whence they emerge about one half
their former size. In this way the grains are cut or split along the crease which
is the section of least resistance, almost without production of waste flour.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which is appended by way
of illustration to indicate more clearly the general nature of the Invention,-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section showing the general arrangement of a mill with a
pair of discs according to this Invention, the working faces of the discs being
supposed to be flat; they may however be slightly conical. Their axis also instead
of being vertical may be horizontal, and in such case the two mill discs may turn
in opposite directions. The running mill, disc is keyed on its axis, and may be
brought nearer the stationary mill disc, according to the size of the grain to be
treated, and according to the particular stage of the operation at which the
regrinding of the semolina-bran or of the semolina and groats or middlings
(gruaux) is effected.
Fig. 2 shews an arrangement in which there are two pairs of mill discs, the first
being grooved to effect the crushing of the grain and its successive regrindings,
the second effecting the regrinding of the semolina and groats or middlings, and
being formed of smooth sectored dises with radiating disengagement channels.
Fig. 3 shews an arrangement in which there are three pairs of mill discs, those
of the middle being grooved more finely than the first.
Fig. 4 shews on the face of a mill disc the direction and the progressive
graduation of the grooves in depth and in width. Their direction may be
approximately radial or parallel to several radii, similar to the grooves of ordinary
mill stones. The section of the grooves, whether large or small, may be semi-oval
or stepped, but always with a rounding off at the edges, successively becoming flat
faces, or smooth sectors with edges rounded or depressed along the grooves or
disengagement channels.
Figs. 5, 5bis, 6, and 7 shew sections of such grooves, the edges of which are
always united and rounded, grooves of semi-oval section being preferred.
Fig. 8 shows the face of a mill disc with smooth sectors separated by radiating
disengaging channels. These sectors have the edges of the channels rounded off
and slightly depressed.
By the application of apparatus according to this Invention there is obtained a
large yield of flour of first qualities without heating, a saving in motive power, and
the avoidance of stone dressing and other causes of stoppage.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th June 1882.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN, AND APPARATUS THERE-
(A communication from abroad by Abel Mariotte, Achille Mariotte, and
E. Boffy, all of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
FOR.
This Invention relates to a novel application and use in mills for grinding corn
and other grain of flat milling discs of hard or hardened metal (cast in a piece),
and to a method or process of grinding by such means.
The complete grinding requires two pairs of discs at least; the first pair has its
working surfaces more or less coarsely grooved; the last pair is formed with
smooth surfaces traversed by radiating grooves serving for the disengagement of
the ground material.
When the grinding is effected with more than two pairs of discs the inter-
mediate pair have their working faces more finely grooved than the first pair, as
they have to operate on more finely divided or smaller particles.
The first or the succeeding intermediate milling discs may be utilised as first or
head mill stones to commence the operation if the grooves be large enough to
operato on the grain under treatment.
The purpose of the first pair of discs is to open and to crack the grain generally
along the crease where the dust lodges, and from which it is usually a matter of
great difficulty to remove it. Very little flour is obtained at this first operation
(say only about 1 to 1 per cent.).
The bruised material thus produced (having been purified by bolting or dressing
and by fanning from the dust the small quantity of flour, the skin, or husk, and
the beards of the grain) is again operated on by the same first mill discs placed
nearer together, or by the succeeding mill discs provided with finer grooves.
The attached semolina-bran (le sou attachè à la semoule) is successively separated
from the stripped semolina, the groats or middlings (grunux) and the flour, and is
repeatedly taken up again until its complete detachment from the germs and
farinaceous particles is attained.
The semolina and groats nearly absolutely freed from germs and bran is finally
passed to the smooth or last mill discs, which transform it into flour, from which
the fine bran termed "tailings" (queus de mouture) is eliminated.
This last
operation of the conversion into flour of the semolina and groats or middlings
(gruaux) produced by the preceding bolting or dressing and grinding operations
may be effected by smooth cylinders or rolls combined with the first and inter-
mediate mill discs.
The grooves in the mill discs are arranged in such manner that the grains which
lodge therein become under the influence of the draught created by the centrifugal
force placed lengthways in the grooves, from whence they emerge about one half
their former size. In this way the grains are cut or split along the crease, which
is the section of least resistance, almost without production of waste flour.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical section
shewing the general arrangement of a mill with a pair of discs according to this
Invention, and Fig. 2 is an elevation at right angles to Fig. 1 of the same. K is
the lower mill disc, and J the upper one. The latter is mounted on the vertical
otating spindle G, which is driven in any convenient manner, such as by bevil
wheels, and the fast and loose pulleys H, H. The spindle is carried at its lower

page_text: end in the adjustable footstep D, which is moveable in a boss or recess C in the
bracket B, and can be raised and lowered by the lever L, screw link T, and hand
wheel M to bring the acting faces of the rotating and the stationary discs within
the desired distance of each other, according to the size of the grain to be treated,
and to the particular stage of the operation at which the regrinding of the semolina-
bran or of the semolina and groats (gruaux) is effected. The material to be ground
is fed through channels a, a, in the upper disc. The Drawing shews the working
faces of the discs as flat; they may however be slightly conical. Their axis also
instead of being vertical may be horizontal, and in such case the two mill dises
may turn in opposite directions.
Fig. 3 shews an arrangement in which there are two pairs of mill discs according
to this Invention, the first J, K, being grooved to effect the crushing of the grain
and its successivo regrindings, the second J, K¹, effecting the regrinding of the
semolina and groats or middlings, and being formed of smooth sectored discs with
radiating disengagement channels.
Fig. 4 shews an arrangement in which there are three pairs of mill discs J, K,
J, K, and P, Q, those of the middle being grooved more finely than the head
discs.
Fig. 4 shews on the face of a mill disc examples illustrating the direction and
the progressive graduation of the grooves in depth and in width. Their direction
may be approximately radial or parallel to several radii, similar to the grooves of
ordinary mill stones. The section of the grooves, whether large or small, may be
semi-oval or stepped, but always with a rounding off at the edges, successively
becoming flat faces or smooth sectors with edges rounded or depressed along the
grooves or disengagement channels.
Figs. 5, 5, 6, 6b, 7, and 7 are sections of several kinds or forms of grooves,
some of which are shewn in plan in Fig. 4a, and marked with corresponding
figures; the edges aro always united and rounded, grooves of semi oval section
being preferred.
Fig. 8 and 8 shews the face of a mill disc with smooth sectors separated by
radiating disengaging channels. These sectors have the edges of the channels
rounded off and slightly depressed.
By the application of apparatus according to this Invention there is obtained a
large yield of flour of first qualities without heating, a saving in motive power,
and the avoidance of stone dressing and other causes of stoppage.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would have it
understood that what is claimed as secured to me under the Letters Patent herein-
before first in part recited is,-
1. In apparatus for grinding grain the use as above set forth of flat metallic
hard or hardened grinding discs, such as J, K, Fig. 1, the same being each cast in
a single piece with pronounced grooves formed and arranged substantially as
shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 5 or Figs. 6, or Fig. 5b or Fig Ge
such grooves being separated by narrow uniform ridges with slightly rounded
edges, and designed chiefly to effect preliminary bruising and cleaning without
producing much waste flour.
2. Effecting in the same apparatus wherein the grain has been treated, as
referred to in Claim 1, its further treatment between discs furnished with means
for causing them to approach one another, so as to retake successively the bruised
grain, and by successive operations completely detach from it the bran and the
oily germs, whilst at the same time still producing flour in only small quantity,
but of fine quality, substantially as described.
3. The use in combination of two pairs of grinding discs, substantially as
described with reference to Fig. 3 to effect the completo grinding, the first pair
being caused to effect the bruising and cleaning of the grain, then the taking up
again of the bruised grain for the purpose of separating as far as possible the bran
from the flour, and the second pair of discs being provided with surfaces such as

page_text: described with reference to Figs. 8 and 8, so as to complete the grinding, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated.
4. The use for treating grain by successive stages of an arrangement of three
pairs of discs, the discs constituting the second pair being grooved more finely
than the first pair, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 4
of the Drawings.
5. In apparatus for grinding grain the use as and for the purposes hereinabove
set forth of discs of the several constructions described and shewn in the Drawings,
Figs. 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7bis, and 8.
6. The hereinbefore described process of grinding by stages, whereof the first is
simply a cleaning operation, those following being repeated and preparatory for
obtaining the groats to be transformed into white flour, and the last operation
being effected (by grinding discs or smooth cylinders) on products mostly farinaceous,
and offering little resistance.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.