Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1887.
Complete Left, 25th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st July, 1887.
We, JOHN HOLT, of 158 Manchester Road Oldham, mechanic, WILLIAM SCHOFIELD,
of 158 Manchester Road Oldham, foreman mechanic, and WILLIAM SCHOFIELD, of
Wards Buildings Deansgate Manchester, yarn agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to mules employed for the spinning of yarn, and have for
object the reduction of the drag or friction on the yarn when the carriage or draw-
frame is extended to a distance from the rollers, for the purpose of lessening breakage
of yarn during spinning, to enable a higher speed to be run, or to facilitate the lower
qualities of material being spun.
In the spinning mules as ordinarily constructed the carriage or draw frame travels
during operation a distance usually about.64 inches-from the rollers delivering the
fibre to be spun, and as this carriage recedes horizontally or thereabouts, the angle of
the yarn, under operation, extending from the nip of the rollers to the spindle tip is
continually changing. This angle is the greatest when the carriage is at its extreme
distance approaching then much nearer the right angle than at any other time, and
the inclination of the spindle being fixed there is thus a varying drag or friction of the
yarn upon the spindle tip or point.
This drag or friction, being at the maximum at the position named, accounts
sufficiently for the observed fact that there is usually the largest amount of breakage
accompanying such position.
To remedy the effect of this variable angle of the yarn to the rollers, and to
accomplish our improvements, we construct the slips, ways, or rails, upon which the
wheels of the carriage or draw-frame run, in the form of inclines, straight or in curves
is required, in such manner that the carriage during its outward travel is tilted so that
he angle formed by the thread of yarn and the spindle may be kept nearer to the
constant during the whole of the journey, which tilting operation will be reversed
during the return journey.

page_text: Either the slips or ways, upon which the front or back set of wheels travel, may be
inclined for this purpose, or both. sets of slips or ways may be inclined, in reverse
directions, for this purpose...
Although we prefer, as probably being the simplest mode of carrying out our
invention, the inclining of the slips or ways, we do not confine ourselves to this
particular mode of accomplishing the object in view, as the same may be done in
connection with the horizontal slips, by means of cams, lovers, or other mechanical
motion, geared up in connection with the carriage, whereby as the wheel turns
during the outward travel the carriage frame containing the spindles is tilted in
manner like unto the former case.
Variations in detail may be made without departing from the peculiar character of
the invention, which consists in tilting the body of the carriage or draw frame of a
mule, or the spindles therein, during the outward travel of the same from the rollers,
for the purpose of keeping nearer to the constant the angles of the spindles in relation
to the stretch of yarn from the rollers, at every position of their journey.
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64, Barton Arcade, Manchester,
Agent.
We, JOHN HOLT, of Oldham, mechanic, WILLIAM SCHOFIELD, of Oldham, foreman
mechanic, and WILLIAM SCHOFIELD, of Manchester, yarn agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The improvements relate to mules employed for the spinning of yarn, and have for
object the reduction of the drag or friction on the yarn when the carriage or draw-
frame is extended to a distance from the rollers, for the purpose of lessening breakage
of yarn during spinning, to enable a higher speed to be run, or to facilitate the lower
qualities of material being spun.
In the spinning mules as ordinarily constructed the carriage or draw-frame travels
during operation a distance-usually about 64 inches--from the rollers delivering the
fibre to be spun, and as this carriage recedes horizontally or thereabouts, the angle of
the yarn under operation, extending from the nip of the rollers to the spindle tip is
continually changing. This angle is the greatest when the carriage is at its extreme
distance approaching then much nearer the right angle than at any other time, and the
inclination of the spindle being fixed there is thus a varying drag or friction of the yarn
upon the spindle tip or point.

page_text: This drag or friction, being at the maximum at the position named, accounts suffi-
ciently for the observed fact that there is usually the largest amount of breakage
accompanying such position.
To remedy the effect of this variable angle of the yarn to the rollers, and to accom-
5plish our improvements, we construct the slips, ways, or rails, upon which the wheels of
the carriage or draw-frame run, in the form of inclines, straight or in curves as required,
in such manner that the carriage during its outward travel is tilted so that the angle
formed by the thread of yarn and the spindle may be kept nearer to the constant during
the whole of the journey, which tilting operation will be reversed during the return
journey.
Either the slips or ways, upon which the front or back set of wheels travel, may
be inclined for this purpose, or both sets of slips or ways may be inclined, in
reverse directions, for this purpose. Although we prefer, as probably being the
simplest mode of carrying out our invention, the inclining of the slips or ways, we
do not confine ourselves to this particular mode of accomplishing the object in view, as
the same may be done in connection with the horizontal slips, by means of
or other mechanical motion, geared up in connection with the carriage, whereby as
cams, levers,
the wheel turns during the outward travel the carriage frame containing the spindles
is tilted in manner like unto the former case.
Variations in detail may be made without departing from the peculiar character of
the invention, which consists in tilting the body of the carriage or draw-frame of a
mule, or the spindles therein, during the outward travel of the same from the rollers,
for the purpose of keeping nearer to the constant the angle of the spindles in relation
to the stretch of yarn from the rollers at every position of their journey.
But that the improvements may be better understood, we will by the aid of the
accompanying drawings proceed more fully to describe means employed by us.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1, and 2, shew portions of mule spinning apparatus arranged in accordance
with our invention, partly in end elevation, and partly in section.
The same letters indicate corresponding parts wherever they occur.
Fig. 1, represents mainly the draw-frame when in the position nearest the rollers
delivering the fibre to be spun, and Fig. 2, is the same portion of the machinery when
it has travelled to its extreme outward journey.
a, a, is the base or body of the draw-frame, b, b, the framing carrying the journals
for the axles of the wheels which enable the travelling machinery to run to and fro,
and c, c, are the slips, ways, or rails upon which the aforesaid wheels run. d, d, shews
a spindle in position, and is one of the delivery rollers.
the slips, ways, or rails, are of two kinds.
In the example shewn
c, being formed or placed horizontally with
the floor line or line of travel of the draw-frame, and c' in the form of an incline. The
front or outer wheels running upon the horizontal slips, ways, or rails c, and the back
or inner wheels running upon the inclines c', which may be either straight as shewu
or curved.
Now hitherto both these wheels have run on slips, ways, or rails, which are placed
about horizontally, or give to the spindles or draw-frame a fixed relative position or
inclination during the horizontal journey to and fro, and it will readily be seen that
the line of yarn e, d', forms, when the draw-frame is close in, a certain acute angle
with the perpendicular line e, g, which angle, as the draw-frame takes its outward
journey, is increased, and when at the extreme, as in Fig. 2, is most nearly approached
to a right angle. At the same time the obtuse angle formed by the spindle d, and
the yarn line e, d', is in like manner reduced, and this also most nearly approaches the
right angle, at the position shewn in Fig. 2; so that the fixed relative position or
inclination of the spindles induces a varying angle and consequently varying friction
in relation to the yarn.
By the employment of the inclined slips, ways, or rails, straight or curved, and
which form part of our invention, the inner wheel is lowered as the carriage draws
outward, and the angle formed by the spindle d, and the yarn line d', e, is kept nearer

page_text: to the constant, or if requisite, practically constant at all parts of the journey to and
fro. It will readily be seen that the object to be attained by our invention is the
modification of the varying angle of the line of yarn with the line of spindle, which
prevails under the present method, so that by varying the inclination of the spindles,
the relative angle of the yarn with the spindle may be nearer the constant, or if
requisite may be made practically constant at all parts of the journey; and that such
may be attained by other equivalent mechanical means than inclined or curved slips,
ways, or rails, and also that the inclined or curved slips inay be applied to both front
and back wheels if desirable.
The equivalent mechanical means which may be employed for this purpose are such
as a cam or crank motion applied to the axle of one or both wheels, or geared up
therewith, whereby the framing b, b, and thus the body of the draw-frame, may be,
either at one or both ends, alternately raised and lowered in relation to the wheel-
axle or axles, so as to give the requisite varying inclination of the spindle d, in its
outward and inward travel.
The amount of oscillation or tilt to be given to the spindles or draw-frame may be
varied, as also may all the mechanical details without departing from the peculiar
character of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :—
1. The alternate raising and lowering or tilting of the front or back, or both portions
of the draw-frame of a mule for spinning, during its travel to and fro, for the purpose
of varying the inclination of the spindles, so that they shall remain nearer to, or at a
constant angle with the line of yarn, stretching therefrom to the delivery rollers, at
the different positions of the travel of such draw-frame, whether by the use of inclined
slips, ways, or rails, straight or curved, or other mechanical means, substantially as
herein shewn and described.
2. The employment of inclined slips, ways, or rails, curved or straight, for the special
purpose, and in manner substantially as herein shewn and described.
3. The employment of cams, cranks, or similar mechanical devices for the purpose
of raising and lowering, or tilting the front, back, or both portions alternately, of a
mule draw-frame, for the special purpose and in manner substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd day of May 1887.
WILLIAM GADD, C.E.,
64, Barton Arcade, Manchester,
Agent.