Screwed Articles from Bars or Rods.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 17th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 8th Feb., 1887.
Screwed Articles from Bars or Rods.
I, CHARLES PEACH, of 102 London Street, Derby, in the County of Derby,
Advertising Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more particularly to that class of machines by which a long
rod or screw-stock is formed into a number of screws, although it is applicable, at
least in part, to machines for making other articles.
Heretofore it has been customary to turn down the end of a rod or screw-stock
for a suitable length to the diameter desired for the screw-shank, then to thread the
shank thus formed, and finally to sever the rod, leaving a portion of the original size
of the stock attached to the shank for the head of the screw.
In Letters Patent of the United States, No. 299,477, granted to the said Allen
Johnston May 27th, 1884, a machine is shewn in which the shank of a succeeding
screw is turned down while the turned-down portion at the end of the rod
threaded and while the cutting-off tool is severing the rod or screw-stock behind the
screw at the end of the rod.
being
Machines constructed in accordance with the present invention have an operation
so far similar to the machine described in said patent that tools operate or may
operate simultaneously at more than one part of the rod or screw-stock; but they
possess, also, important points of difference, as hereinafter explained.
Instead of having one tool act upon the end of the rod or stock and others upon
the part which forms the succeeding screw, a series of two or more tools are arranged
to act upon the rod or stock at different points removed one or more screw's length
from the end. This series may be composed of unlike tools-as, for example, one or
more turning-down and one or more threading tools; or it may consist of like tools-
as, for example, two or more turning-down or shaping tools. The severing or cutting-off

page_text: tool is placed beyond the series of forming tools, so that the screw is complete, all but
severing, before it reaches the cutting-off tool, and the latter can be brought into
operation at the same time with the other tools, and may finish its operation before the
other tools.
Instead of using a single chuck and having the series of tools to act upon the
portion of the rod or screw-stock which projects beyond the chuck, two or more
chucks are employed, so that the rod or screw-stock is supported adjacent to each tool,
or adjacent to such tools, as may be desired, or on opposite sides of one or more tools,
which therefore act upon the rod or stock between the chucks; also, a chuck is
arranged to support and apply power to the rod between the tools.
For threading the rod or stock at a suitable distance from the end, instead of at the
end itself, a tool is used to groove the rod or screw-stock, the cutters or chasers of the
die are drawn inward so as to enter said groove, and the die is then made by a move-
ment lengthwise of the rod or screw-stock to cut the thread for the desired distance.
The cutters or chasers are then withdrawn a sufficient distance for the head of the
screw to pass.
For reducing or turning down the rod or stock to form the shank of each screw, a
series of tools are employed, each successive tool reducing the part turned down by
the preceding one, and each tool operating, first, by a movement inward toward the
rod or screw-stock to bring it into action, then lengthwise of the same to turn down
the rod for the desired distance, then outward to remove it from action and allow it to
be brought into position for turning down another screw-shank.
It is evident that the movements lengthwise of the rod or screw-stock can he given
by movements of the cutting-tools over the rod, or by the movements of the rod past
the tools. Both movements have heretofore been used in screw-machines, and parts
of the invention can be carried into effect with either. Heretofore, however, the
longitudinal movements have been intermittent. To give a specific illustration: if the
rod is fed forward against, say, a turning-down tool, its forward motion is arrested
when a suitable distance is turned down, in order to allow other operations to take
place. An important feature of the present invention is the continuous feeding of
the rod or screw-stock. The tools which act upon a considerable length of the rod by
a movement lengthwise of the same-such as the turning-down and threading tools
may therefore have simply a transverse movement on the machine-frame, the
longitudinal movement in cutting, as well as the ordinary advance of the rod or
screw-stock, being effected by the continuous feed-motion of the rod. The cutting-off
tool when in action is given a longitudinal motion at the same speed as the rod or
screw, so as to cut square across the same.
A new feed mechanism for advancing the rod or screw-stock by the revolution of a
leading-screw has been devised and forms part of the invention. The invention
further comprises certain other particular constructions, combinations, and arrange-
ments, as hereinafter set forth.
The following is a description of what is considered the best mode of applying the
principle of the invention.
A main frame supports the different rotatory and reciprocating parts. On the top of
the frame are mounted castings in which are journalled spur wheels carried by a
chuck shaft supported by the said bearings and by an end bearing. Each spur
wheel
with
gears a corresponding gear wheel formed in one piece with the head of a
chuck journalled in the beforenamed casting. Each casting has a cap which forms a
housing to the spur wheels carried by the chuck shaft and to the chuck head. In each
chuck head are a series of spring chuck jaws formed by slitting a tubular turning of
suitable shape at one end for a portion of its length. The outer surfaces of the jaws
are inclined and the inner surface of the chuck head is correspondingly inclined so
that by moving the chuck jaws endwise they will be drawn together or allowed to
separate according to the direction of motion.
A spiral compression spring surrounds a ring to which the chuck jaws are attached
and is interposed between a shoulder on the inside of the chuck head and a nut on
the said ring so that its tendency is to draw the chuck jaws to the left and cause them

page_text: to press upon the rod or screw-stock from which the screws are to be made. Screws
prevent the chuck jaws from turning in the head of the chuck. The last chuck at the
end of the frame is reversed.
The spiral compression spring is held between shoulders on the chuck jaws and in a
hollow screw tapped into the chuck head. The chucks serve to communicate power
to the rod or stock as well as to support and guide it. The opening through the
chuck is square to admit of the square rod or stock being fed forward through the
series of chucks by a leading screw fastened in axial line on the end of the chuck
shaft. The outer end of the leading screw is journalled in a standard braced by tie
rods upon which a carriage slides. The carriage has a divided nut each part of which
is held in guides on said carriage and is provided with a pin projecting into a cam
slot in a pivotted disc so that by turning said dise the two parts of the nut can engage
or disengage with the leading screw.
The carriage is provided with an adjusting screw for inserting and securing a new
rod or stock and pressing same against its predecessor being operated on.
The rod or stock is reduced to the proper diameter by (say) four turning-down
tools, each held in a clamp on a carrier connected by a tongue and groove with a slide
for adjustment by means of a screw tapped into the tongue on the slide which is
mounted in ways on the main frame and is reciprocated across the latter by means of
a cam groove on a drum and a bent lever engaging therewith which is fulcrummed on
a stud on the frame. The long arm of the lever has a projection carrying a roller
running in the cam groove and the short arm is connected by a screw journal pin
with a block fitting and sliding within an elongated recess in the bottom of the before
named slide.
As the slide moves inward the turning-down tools come into contact with the rod
or screw-stock at the end of what is to be a screw. The slide and turning-down tools
are then held stationary while the rod or stock is fed past them the required distance,
whereupon the slide and the tools are withdrawn and held away until the feed of the
rod has brought the end of what is to be a succeeding screw opposite each tool. The
successive actions of the tools on each portion of the rod reduce it to the required
diameter, leaving a sloping shoulder at each end of the reduced portion.
The rod or stock is next acted on by two turning-tools, one serving to square the
shoulder on the under side of the head and the other to turn a groove between the
point of one screw and the head of the next. If a sloping shoulder should be preferred
the former tool would be omitted.
Both these tools are held in a clamp on a carrier connected by tongue and groove
with a cross slide and adjusted by a screw. The cross slide is mounted in ways
on a longitudinal slide which latter is mounted in ways on the machine frame.
The cross slide is moved across the frame by a cam groove on the before named drum
and by a bent lever fulcrummed on a stud secured to the machine frame. A pin
in the long end of a bent lever passes through a slot in the frame and engages
with the said cam groove. The other end of the lever arm engages with a block held
in a groove in the cross slide. The vibration of this bent lever moves the cross slide
across the frame but does not interfere with the movement parallel with the rod or
stock because of this last named block sliding in its groove. The longitudinal slide
is moved by means of a cam groove on a second drum so shaped as to move it to the
right at the same speed as the rod or stock is fed by the leading screw so that the two
last named tools have no longitudinal but only a transverse movement relatively to the
rod or stock.
The tools are moved inward when the proper parts of the rod or stock come opposite
them and at the same time are moved longitudinally of the machine. When they
have finished their action they are withdrawn, the movement of the longitudinal slide
is reversed, and they are returned to act again upon a succeeding portion of the rod.
The next operation in the formation of the screw is to thread the shank. The die
for this purpose is composed of three cutters or chasers (sharpened at their inner
ends) which slide radially, or nearly so, in an annular disc holder. This holder fits
within a caging fastened by a bracket to the machine frame. The inner periphery of

page_text: the casing is concentric at points to form a bearing for the holder and is eccentric at
other points to form inclines whereby the die cutters or chasers are pressed inward
when the holder is turned to the left.
At the inner edge of each cutter is a projection or pin which overlies an incline on
the back of the casing. When the holder is turned to the right the projection or pin
rides over the incline and moves the cutter outward. The rotation of the holder is
controlled by a cam through a lever arm, a weight, and a link. The lever arm is
fastened by screws on the face of the holder and the weight is adjustably secured
on the said arm. The link passes through a hole in the longitudinal slide and also
through a guide slot in the main frame. While the die is cutting the thread the
weight holds down the lever arm, keeping the cutters or chasers in contact with the
rod or stock.
When the thread has been cut the desired distance a projection strikes the end of
the aforesaid link, lifts the said lever arm, and turns the holder so as to open the die.
This projection holds up the said weight until the head of the screw has passed the
cutters. It then allows the weight to fall and draw the cutters inward, the points of
the cutters entering the groove which has been turned by one of the two aforesaid
tools. The further advance of the rod or stock causes the cutting of a new screw
thread to begin.
An adjustable stop fastened to the machine frame by a set screw supports the
aforesaid weight and determines the depth of the cut or the diameter of the opening
between the cutting edges of the die. After the thread has been cut it only remains
to sever the newly-formed screw and to give the proper shape to the head of one
screw and the point of the succeeding screw. This is done by a cutting-off tool held
in a clamp on a carrier mounted on a cross slide and adjustable by a screw. This
cross slide is mounted in ways on the before described longitudinal slide and is moved
transversely thereon by means of a cam groove on the before second named drum and
a lever fulcrummed on a stud on the machine frame. The longer arm of this lever is
provided with a pin which engages in the said cam groove and the shorter arm is
connected with the last named cross slide by a circular head and a block which
receives said head and works in a groove in the cross slide. When the cutting-off tool
is moved inward it is carried with the longitudinal slide at the same speed as the rod
or screw-stock, so that its movement with respect to the latter is simply across the
same. It acts simultaneously with the two before mentioned tools and could of course be
carried by the same slide although it is preferred for mechanical reasons to use two slides.
The aforesaid drums and cam are fixed on the cam shaft which receives motion from
the chuck shaft so as to gear down by a train of gearing.
The operation of the machine is as follows:
A rod or screw-stock having been placed with one end in the chuck at the left end
of the machine and the other in the cup end of the adjusting screw and the latter
adjusted to take up any slack between the old and new rods after the nut has been
closed on the leading screw and the several tools properly set and adjusted, the
machine is started. The carriage which at this time is near the left end of the leading
screw is drawn forward by the rotation of the said screw and pushes the rod or stock
through the series of chucks and past the various tools while the rod or stock at the
same time is revolved continuously. The chuck-jaws expand and contract, as required
by any slight variations in the diameter of different parts of the rod or screw-stock.
This rod may be considered as divided into certain lengths, from each of which a
screw is to be formed. Each such screw's length has the portion for the shank
turned down or reduced in diameter to a certain extent by the first turning-down tool,
then to a greater extent by the successive turning-down tools, until the last or fourth
tool gives it the diameter which the shank is to have. The turning-down tools operate
by motions, first, transverse to the rod to bring them into action, then lengthwise
of the same to turn it down for the desired distance, and, lastly, transverse again to
put them out of action, the transverse motion being a reciprocation given to the first
named slide by the first named cam groove through the lever; the lengthwise niové-
ment being the continuous feed of the rod or stock,

page_text: Each screw's length
then subjected to the action of the before named two tools,
the former of which turns a squared shoulder at the inner end of the screw shank. The
latter turns a groove at the point of the same for facilitating the threading operation.
These tools act solely by transverse motions imparted by the second named cam
through the lever, the longitudinal motion of the rod or stock being compensated for
by the reciprocation of the longitudinal slide by means of the first cam groove on the
second drum. Each shank is then threaded by the cutters. These cutters, which
have been held away from the rod by the inclines in order to allow the head of the
preceeding screw to pass, are drawn into the groove at the point of the screw by the
action of the other inclines when the holder is turned by the weight drawing down
the lever arm on the release of the link by the projection on the cam actuating the
cutters. As the rod or stock is fed forward they cut the thread thereon.
The pitch of the thread is determined by the rapidity of the feed movement.
To change the pitch it is only necessary to change the leading-screw, the nut, and the
cutters and pitch of the first cam on the second drum. When the thread has been cut,
the lever-arm is lifted, by the cam actuating the cutters acting upon the link, and turns
the holder so that the cutters are drawn away from the rod or stock by the inclines, in
order to allow the head of the screw to pass.
The completed screw is severed from the rod or screw-stock by the cutting-off tool
which, like other two tools, lias, with respect to the rod, transverse movements only.
The severed screws are pushed from the last chuck and drop on an incline, which
conducts them into a trough, in which the turnings from the various tools also
collect.
It is evident that little or no time is wasted in this machine, the turning-down tools not
having to wait for the threading tool, nor the latter for the former, nor either of them
for the shaping and cutting-off tools.
By the use of a number of turning-down tools, the reducing operation is accom-
plished much quicker than with one alone, and can be performed on a long shank in
the same time as the threading operation, even when the latter extends but a fraction
of the length of the shank.
The chuck-jaws shewn are adapted for a square rod; but it is evident that these and
also the style of chuck can be modified to suit various shapes and sizes of rod.
The machine is principally designed to make long screws or bolts, and it is for this
reason that the turning-down tools have been given in effect a movement lengthwise
of the rod or screw-stock. The machinery shewn in the patent above referred to is
more particularly designed for making short screws.
A cutter or cutters can be used to make pointed screws if desired, and the cutters
may be so arranged as to make a double screw, that is, instead of a head at one end,
a blank in the middle of two threads.
POPPLEWELL, COLTON & Co.,
17 & 18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery for Making Screws or other Turned or
Screwed Articles from Bars or Rods.
I, CHARLES PEACH, 102, London Street, Derby, in the County of Derby, Advertising
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, (a communication to me from abroad by Allen Johnston, of Otumwa, in
the County of Wapello, and State of Iowa, United States of America) :-
This invention relates more particularly to that class of machines by which a long
rod or screw-stock is formed into a number of screws, although it is applicable, at
least in part, to machines for making various other articles from bars or rods.
Heretofore it has been customary to turn down the end of a rod or screw-stock for
a suitable length to the diameter desired for the screw-shank, then to thread the shank
thus formed and finally to sever the rod, leaving a portion of the original size of the
stock attached to the shank for the head of the screw.
In United States' Letters Patent No. 299,477 granted to the said Allen Johnston
and bearing date the 27th day of May, 1884, a machine is shown in which the shank
of a succeeding screw is turned down while the turned-down portion at the end of the
rod is being threaded and while the cutting-off tool is severing the rod or screw-stock
behind the screw at the end of the rod Machines constructed in accordance with the
present invention have an operation so far similar to the machine described in said
patent that tools operate or may operate simultaneously at more than one part of the
rod or screw-stock but they possess, also, important points of difference, as hereinafter
explained.
First, instead of having one tool act upon the end of the rod or stock and others
upon the part which forms the succeeding screw, a series of two or more tools are
arranged to act upon the rod or stock at different points removed one or more screw's
length from the end. This series may be composed of unlike fools-as, for example
one or more turning-down and one or more threading tools; or it may consist of like
tools-as for example, two or more turning-down or shaping tools. The severing or
cutting-off tool is placed beyond the series of forming-tools, so that the screw is
complete, all but severing, before it reaches the cutting-off tool, and the latter can be
brought into operation at the same time with the other tools, and may finish its
operation before the other tools.
Second. Instead of using a single chuck and having the series of tools to act upon
the portion of the rod or screw-stock which projects beyond the chuck two or more
chucks are employed, so that the rod or screw-stock is supported adjacent to each tool,
or adjacent to such tools, as may be desired, or on opposite sides of one or more tools,
which therefore act upon the rod or stock between the chucks; also one or more
chucks are arranged to support and apply power to the rod between tools.
Third. For threading the rod or stock at a suitable distance from the end, instead
of at the end itself, a tool is used to groove the rod or screw-stock, the cutters or

page_text: chasers of the die are drawn inward so as to enter said groove, and the die is then
made by a movement lengthwise of the rod or screw-stock to cut the thread for the
required distance. The cutters or chasers are then withdrawn a sufficient distance for
the head of the screw to pass.
Fourth. For reducing or turning down the rod or stock to form the shank of each
screw, a series of tools are employed, each successive tool reducing the part turned
down by the preceding one, and each tool operating, first, by a movement inward
toward the rod or screw-stock to bring it into action, then lengthwise of the same to
turn down the rod for the desired distance, then outward to remove it from action and
allow it to be brought into position for turning down another screw-shank.
Fifth. It is evident that the movements lengthwise of the rod or screw-stock can
be given by movements of the cutting-tools over the rod, or by the movements of the
rod past the tools. Both movements have heretofore been used in screw-machines,
and parts of the invention can be carried into effect with either. Heretofore the
longitudinal movements have been intermittent. To give a specific illustration: if the
rod is fed forward against, say, a turning-down tool, its forward motion is arrested
when a suitable distance is turned down, in order to allow other operations to take
place. An important feature of the present invention is the continuous feeding of the
rod or screw-stock. The tools which act upon a considerable length of the rod by a
movement lengthwise of the same-such as the turning-down and threading tools-
may therefore have simply a transverse movement on the machine-frame, the longi-
tudinal movement in cutting as well as the ordinary advance of the rod or screw-stock,
being effected by the continuous feed-motion of the rod. The cutting-off tool when in
action is given a longitudinal motion at the same speed as the rod or screw, so as
to cut square across the same.
Sixth. A new feed mechanism for advancing the rod or screw-stock by the
revolution of a leading-screw has been devised and forms part of the invention. The
invention further comprises certain other particular constructions, combinations, and
arrangements, as hereinafter set forth.
The following is a description of what is considered the best mode of applying the
principle of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which
form a part of this specification.
25 66 22
Figs. 1 and 1 together constitute a sectional plan of a screw-machine constructed in
accordance with the invention; Figs. 2 and 2ª, a longitudinal sectional elevation of the
same; Fig. 3, an elevation, partly in section, of the right end of the machine, as seen
in Figs. 1 and 2ª Fig. 4, a cross-section, substantially on line "
and 2, in elevation, looking to the left; Figs 5, 6, and 7, similar views on lines
26 "," y ""." and "." respectively; and Figs. 8 and 9 developements on a plane
surface of the grooved peripheries of two-cam drums, forming part of the machine.
w," ," Figs. 1
"
The frame A supports the different rotatory and reciprocatory parts. The chuck-
shaft B carries a number of spur-gears 1, which are journalled each in a casting 2 on
the top of the frame A and serve to support the chuck-shaft, as well as to receive
motion from it. At 10 the chuck-shaft is journalled in a box on the machine-frame.
Each gear meshes with a corresponding gear formed in one with the head 3 of a
chuck, which chuck-head is journalled in the same casting 2, as the gear which drives
it. Each casting 2 has a cap 70 which forms a housing to the gear 1 and chuck-head 3.
In each chuck-head are a series of spring-chuck jaws 4, formed by slitting a tubular
turning of suitable shape at one end for a portion of its length. The outer
surfaces of the jaws are inclined, and the inner surface of the chuck-head is corre-
spondingly inclined, so that by moving the chuck-jaws endwise they will be drawn
together or allowed to separate according to the direction of motion.
A spiral-compression-spring 5, surrounds the ring 6, to which the chuck-jaws are
attached, and is interposed between a shoulder on the inside of the chuck-head and the
nut 7 on said ring, so that its tendency is to draw the chuck-jaws to the left and
cause them to press upon the rod or screw-stock C. Screws 8 prevent the jaws from
turning in the head of the chuck. The last chuck shown at the right of Fig. 1" is
reversed. Its spiral compression-spring-5 is held between shoulders on the chuck-

page_text: jaws and in the hollow screw 7, tapped into the chuck-head. The chucks serve to com-
municate power to the rod or stock, as well as to support the same at intervals and to
guide it. As shown, the opening through the chuck is square, (see Figs. 3, 5, and 6)
so as to fit the rod or screw-stock, which, as shown, is square in cross-section. The
rod or screw-stock C is moved through the series of chucks at a uniform speed by means
of the leading-screw D. This screw is fastened on the end of the chuck-shaft or it
may be geared to it so that their axes coincide and the outer end is journalled in the
standard 9. This standard is braced by the tie rods 11, upon which the carriage E
slides. This carriage is provided with a divided nut 12, each part of which is held in
guides on said carriage, and is provided with a pin 13 projecting into a cam-slot in
the pivotted disk 14, so that by turning said disk the two parts of the nut can be moved
into and out of engagement with the leading-screw.
The carriage E is provided with an adjusting-screw F which is turned back for
inserting a new rod or screw-stock, and turned forward in order to press the front of
the new rod against the rear of the one already in the machine. The outer end of the
rod or screw-stock turns within a cylindrical recess in the end of the adjusting-screw,
or on a centre.
The rod or screw-stock is reduced to the proper diameter by the four turning-down
tools, 16, each held in a clamp 17 on a carrier 18 connected by a tongue and groove
with the slide G, so that it can be adjusted thereon by means of the screw 19, tapped
into the tongue on the slide G. The slide G is mounted in ways of the frame A. It
is reciprocated across the frame by means of the cam-groove 20, in the periphery of
drum H, and the bent lever 21. This lever is fulcrumined on the stud 22, screwed
fast in frame A. The longer arm has a projection 23, provided with a roller, which
fits within the cam groove 20. The other or shorter arm is connected by the screw-
journal pin 24 with the block 25, fitting and sliding within an elongated recess in the
bottom of the slide G. The slide G is moved inward, so that the turning-down tools 16
come into contact with the rod or screw-stock at the end of what is to be a screw.
The slide and turning-down tools are then held stationary while the rod or stock is fed
past them the required distance, whereupon the slide and the tools are withdrawn and
held away until the feed of the rod has brought the end of what is to be a succeeding
screw opposite each tool. The successive actions of the tools on each portion of the
rod reduce it to the required diameter, leaving a sloping shoulder at each end of the
reduced portion, as shown.
The rod or stock is next acted on by the two-turning down tools 27 and 28, the
former serving to square the shoulder on the underside of the head and the latter to
turn a groove between the point of one screw and the head of the next. If a sloping
shoulder should be preferred the former tool would be omitted.
groove
Both tools are held in a clamp 29, on a carriage 30 connected by tongue and
with the cross-slide I, and adjustable by means of the screw 31. The cross-slide I is
mounted in ways of the longitudinal slide K, which latter is mounted in ways of the
machine-frame. The slide I is moved crosswise of the frame by the cam-groove 32
in drum H, and the bent lever 33, fulcrummed on the stud 37, tapped into the
machine-frame. A pin 34, in the end of the longer lever-arm passes through a slot
in the frame A, and is acted upon by the walls of cam-groove 32. The other lever-
arm is shaped as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1A, the dish-shaped head 35 fitting in a
circular hole in the block 36, which is held in a groove in the slide 1. The vibration
of the lever moves the slide I crosswise of the frame, but does not interfere with the
movement parallel with the rod or screw-stock, because the block 36 can slide in the
groove in which it is placed. The slide K, and with it, of course, the slide I, mounted
thereon, is moved longitudinally by the walls of cam-groove 38 acting upon the pin 39,
which is fastened in the slide K, and passing through a slot in the machine-frame enters
said groove.
The cam-groove 38 is formed in the periphery of the drum L. The groove is so
shaped that the slide K is moved to the right at the same speed that the rod or stock
is fed by the leading-screw D), so that the tools 27 and 28 have no longitudinal bụt
only a transverse movement relatively to the rod or screw-stock.

page_text: The tools are moved inward when the proper parts of the rod or stock come opposite
them, and at the same time they are moved longitudinally of the machine. When
they have finished their action, they are withdrawn, the movement of the slide K is
reversed, and they are returned to act again upon a succeeding portion of the rod.
The next operation in the formation of the screw is to thread the shank. The die
for this purpose is composed of three or more cutters or chasers 40, (sharpened at
their inner ends) which slide radially, or nearly so, in the annular disk-holder 41. This
holder fits within a casing, 42, fastened by a bracket to the machine-frame. The inner
periphery of the casing is concentric at the points 43, to form a bearing for the holder,
and is eccentric at the points 44, to form inclines, whereby the die cutters or chasers
are pressed inward when the holder is turned to the left, as shown in Fig. 4.
At the inner edge of each cutter is a projection or pin 45, which overlies an
incline 46, on the back of the casing, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4. When the
holder is turned to the right, the projection or pin rides over the incline and moves
the cutter outward. The rotation of the holder is controlled by the cam M, through
the lever-arm 47, the weight 48, and the link 49. The lever arm 47 is fastened by
screws on the face of the holder, and the weight 48 is adjustably secured on said arm.
The link 49. passes through a hole in the slide K, and also through a guiding-slot in
the frame A. While the die is cutting the thread the weight holds down the lever-
arm, keeping the cutters or chasers in contact with the rod or screw-stock. When
the thread has been cut the desired distance, the projection 50 strikes the end of the
link 49, lifts the lever-arm 47, and turns the holder so as to open the die. This
projection 50 holds up the weight until the head of the screw has passed the cutters.
It then allows the weight to fall and draw the cutters inward, the points of the cutters
entering the groove which has been turned by the tool 28. The further advance of.
the rod or screw-stock causes the cutting of a new screw-thread to begin. An adjust-
able stop 51, fastened to the machine-frame A by the set-screw 52, supports the
weight 48 and determines the depth of the cut or the diameter of the opening between
the cutting-edges of the die.
After the thread has been cut it only remains to sever it from the newly formed
screw and to give the proper shape to the head of one screw and the point of the
succeeding screw. This is done by the cutting-off tool 53 held in the clamp 54 on
the carrier 55, mounted on the cross-slide N, and adjustable by means of the screw 55.
The cross-slide N is mounted in ways of the longitudinal slide K and is moved
transversely thereon by means of the cam-groove 56 in the periphery of drum L and
the lever 57 fulcrummed on the stud 58 on the machine-fraine. The longer arm of
the lever is provided with a pin 59, which is engaged by the cam-groove 56, and the
shorter arm is connected with the cross-slide N by the circular head 60 and the
block 61, which receives said head, and slides in a groove in the cross-slide.
When the cutting-off tool is moved inward, it is carried with the slide K at the
same speed as the rod or screw-stock, so that its movement with respect to the latter is
simply across the same. It acts simultaneously with the tools 27 and 28 and could of
course be carried by the same slide, although it is preferred for mechanical reasons, to
use two slides, as shown. It will be observed that the last chuck of the series is
reversed, so as to hold the screw in close proximity to the cutting-off tool.
The drums H, L and cam M are fixed on the cam-shaft P, which receives motion
from the chuck-shaft B through a train of spur-gears, which reduces the speed in
transmission. A pinion 62, fast on the chuck-shaft engages the large wheel 63, loose
on the fixed stud 64, and a pinion (not shown) on the hub of the large wheel 63
engages the large wheel 66, fast on the cam-shaft. Motion is communicated to the
chuck-shaft from the belt-pulley 67, which runs loosely on the stud 64, through the
pinion 68, fastened to said pulley, and the large gear 69, fast on the chuck-shaft. The
object of this is to secure a greater steadiness of motion.
The operation of the machine is as follows:
A rod or screw-stock having been placed with one end in the chuck at the left hand
of the machine and the other in the cup-end of the adjusting-screw F, and the latter
having been turned forward, so as to take up any slack between the old and new rods

page_text: after the nut 12 has been closed on the leading-screw D, and the several tools properly
set or adjusted, the machine is started. The carriage which at this time is near the left
end of the leading-screw D, is drawn forward by the rotation of said screw and pushes
the rod or screw-stock through the series of chucks and past the various tools, while
the rod or stock at the same time is revolved continuously. The chuck-jaws expand
and contract, as required, by any slight variations in the diameter of different parts. of
the rod or screw-stock. This rod may be considered as divided into certain lengths,
from each of which a screw is to be formed. Each such screw's length has the portion
for the shank turned down or reduced in diameter to a certain extent by the first
turning-down tool, then to a greater extent by the successive turning-down tools,
until the last or fourth tool gives it the diameter which the shank is to have. The
turning-down tools 16 operate by motions, first, transverse to the rod to bring them
into action, then lengthwise of the same to turn it down for the desired distance, and,
lastly, transverse again to put them out of action, the transverse motion being a
reciprocation given to the slide G by the cam 20 through lever 21, the lengthwise
movement being the continuous feed of the rod or screw-stock. Each screw's length
is then subjected to the action of tools 27 and 28, the former of which turns a squared
shoulder at the inner end of the screw-shank. The latter turns a groove at the point
of the same for facilitating the threading operation. The tools 27 and 28 act solely by
transverse motions imparted by the cam 32 through lever 33, the longitudinal feed of
the rod or screw-stock being compensated for by the reciprocation of the slide K, by
means of the cam 38. Each shank is then threaded by the cutters 40. These cutters
which have been held away from the rod by the inclines 46 in order to allow the head
of the preceding screw to pass, are drawn into the groove at the point of the screw by
the action of the inclines 44, when the holder 41 is turned by the weight 48, drawing
down the lever-arm 47, on the release of the link 49, by the projection 50 of cam M.
As the rod or stock is fed forward, they cut the thread thereon. The pitch of the
thread is determined by the rapidity of the feed movement. To change the pitch it is
only necessary to change the leading-screw D, the nut 12, and the cutters 40, and the
pitch of the cam 38. When the thread has been cut, the lever-arm is lifted by the
cam M acting upon link 49 and turns the holder so that the cutters are drawn away
from the rod or stock by the inclines 46, in order to allow the head of the screw
to pass.
The completed screw is severed from the rod or screw-stock by the cutting-off
tool 53 which, like the tools 27 and 28, has, with respect to the rod, transverse
movements only.
The severed screws are pushed from the last chuck and drop on the incline 71, which
conducts them into the trough 72, in which the turnings from the various tools are
also collected. I can also arrange a chuck and tools to point the finished screw.
It is evident that little or no time is lost in this machine, the turning-down-tools
not having to wait for the threading-tool, nor the latter for the former, nor either of
them for the shaping and cutting-off tools.
By the use of a number of turning-down tools, the reducing operation is accomplished
quicker than with one alone, and can be performed on a long shank in the same time
as the threading operation, even when the latter extends but a fraction of the length
of the shank.
The chuck-jaws shown are adapted for a square rod; but it is evident that these
and also the style of chuck can be modified to suit various shapes and sizes of rod.
The machine is principally designed to make long screws or bolts, and it is for this
reason that the turning-down tools have been given in effect a movement lengthwise of
the rod or screw-stock. The machinery shown in my patent above referred to is more
particularly designed for making short screws.
Modifications can be made in details without departing from the spirit of the
invention, and parts of the invention can be used separately. For example, so long as
one or more of the essential principles set out in the first part of this specification, or
the substance of one or more of the combinations hereinafter set forth is or are
employed, it is immaterial how much the-machine is otherwise varied, it not being

page_text: intended to limit the invention, say, to a special chuck or special feed mechanism, or a
particular mode of or mechanism for bringing the tools into action, or to particular
forms of tools, except where such particular arrangements may be necessary in order
to accomplish the objects of a claim, or where the same are definitely pointed out as
essential thereto.
The term "screw's length" as herein employed, is designed to include generally the
length of the articles made. It is evident that the invention, at least in part, could be
used in hand-machines as well as those in which the operations are entirely automatic.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1st. In combination with the chuck or chucks for revolving a long rod or screw-
stock and a cutting-off tool for severing the articles formed therefrom, a series of two
or more tools placed one or more screw's length apart inside the cutting-off tool, so
that two or more tools of said series may act successively upon each article and
simultaneously upon two or more of the articles between the cutting-off tool and the
rear end of the rod or stock, substantially as described.
2nd. In combination with the chuck or chucks and a cutting-off tool, a series of
tools for turning-down and threading successive portions of a long rod or stock, said
tools being placed inside the cutting-off tool, so that the successive lengths of the rod
or stock are turned down and threaded before reaching the cutting-off tool, sub-
stantially as described.
3rd. The combination, with a series of tools and feed mechanism for advancing the
rod or stock to be operated upon by said tools, of a chuck or chucks placed between
the rods for communicating power to the rod or stock between the tools, substantially
as described.
4th. The combination of a series of chucks arranged in line, feed mechanism, and
a series of tools, substantially as described.
5th. The combination of a series of chucks arranged in line, the feed mechanism,
and the turning-down, threading, and cutting-off tools, substantially as described.
6th. The combination, with a chuck or chucks for holding and revolving a rod or
screw-stock, of a tool for cutting a groove in said rod or stock and cutters or chasers
for threading said rod or stock beginning with said groove, substantially as
described.
7th. The combination with a chuck or chucks and a series of turning-down tools
placed one or more screw's lengths apart, of operating mechanism for feeding the rod
or screw and for moving said tools, said mechanism bringing the tools into and out
of action by transverse motions and causing them to reduce the rod or stock for the
required distance by a lengthwise movement, and to advance the rod or stock, so that
the same portion may be acted upon successively by said tools, substantially as described.
8th. The combination with a chuck or chucks, a tool, such as a turning-down or
threading tool, for cutting by a movement. lengthwise of the rod, and a cutting-off
tool, of feed mechanism for advancing the rod continuously, so that it is fed against
the first-named tool when the latter is in action, as well as advanced to bring a new
portion of the rod in position to be acted upon, said cutting-off tool when in action
being moveable with said rod, substantially as described.
9th. The combination, with a chuck or chucks, one or more turning-down tools, a
threading-tool, and a cutting-off tool, of continuously-operating feed mechanism
and means whereby the tools can be brought into and put out of action, substantially
as described.
10th. The combination, with a series of chucks and feed mechanism for advancing
a rod or screw-stock continuously through said chucks, of a series of turning-down
tools moveable transversely, die cutters or chasers moveable transversely, and a
cutting-off tool moveable both transversely and longitudinally, substantially as described.
11th. The combination with a chuck or chucks, of a rotatory leading-screw and
a carriage engaging said screw for feeding the rod or screw-stock through the chuck
or chucks, substantially as described.

page_text: 12th. The combination, with a chuck or chucks for rotating a rod or screw-stock
and one
or more tools for acting upon the said rod or screw-stock, of a feed
mechanism comprising a rotating leading-screw and a carriage engaging the same for
advancing the rod or stock, substantially as described.
13th. A series of chucks arranged in line and comprising each a rotatory head,
chuck-jaws in said head, and a spring tending to draw the jaws together, substantially
as described.
14th. The combination of a series of chucks, the parallel driving shaft, the leading-
screw, and the feed-carriage engaging said screw for advancing the rod or stock
through said chucks, substantially as described..
15th. The combination, with a series of chucks and a series of tools placed one or
more screw's lengths apart and arranged between the chucks, of automatic mechanism
for rotating the chucks for feeding the rod or screw-stock and for operating the tools,
substantially as described.
16. The combination, with a chuck or chucks of two or more turning-down tools
and a threading-tool for operating successively upon the same portion of a rod or
screw-stock and simultaneously upon three or more different portions, substantially
as described.
17th. The combination, with a chuck or chucks, and continuously-operating feed
mechanism, of a turning-down tool moveable transversely to the axis of the chuck,
and a shouldering-tool moveable both transversely and longitudinally, substantially as
described.
18th. The combination, with a series of chucks and mechanism for feeding a rod
or stock continuously, of a series of turning-down tools moveable transversely and
a shouldering-tool moveable both transversely and longitudinally, substantially as
described.
19th. The combination with a series of tools for acting successively upon the same
portion of a rod or stock and simultaneously upon different portions, of mechanism
for rotating the rod or stock and for supporting and guiding the same between the
tools, substantially as described.
20th. The herein-described improved machine for making screws from a long rod
or screw-stock, the same comprising, in combination, the following elements: a frame,
a chuck-shaft, a cam-shaft, connecting-gearing, a series of chucks arranged in line, a
leading-screw, a feed-carriage, the series of turning-down tools, the shouldering and
grooving tools, the threading-tool, the cutting-off tool, the cams, and the devices
intermediate the cams and said tools, substantially as described.
21st. The improved method or process of forming screws from a rod by the three
following steps or operations: first, reducing the rod at proper intervals to form the
shanks of the screw; second, threading the screws; third, continuously feeding
the rod through the machine while said operations are being performed, substantially
as described.
22nd. The improved art, method, or process of making screws from a rod consisting
of the following steps or operations: first, reducing the rod at proper places to form
the shanks of the screws; second, threading the screws; third, cutting off the screws,
said three steps being performed simultaneously, substantially as described.
23rd. The improved art, method, or process of making screws from a rod, consisting
of the following steps or operations: first, reducing the rod at proper places to form
the shank of the screw; second, squaring the screw-blank under the head; third,
threading the screw; fourth, cutting off the screw, said operations being performed
simultaneously, substantially as described.
CHARLES PEACH.
Per Popplewell, Colton, & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.