CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING THREADS AND YARNS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Hacking, of Bury, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING THREADS AND
YARNS."
Sealed the 28th April 1857, and dated the 14th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Hacking at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1856.
I, JOSEPH HACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING THREADS AND
YARNS," to be as follows:-
Theso improvements in machinery for brushing sized threads or yarns, to
add lustre and finish. thereto, consist in a series of brushes mounted upon end-
less belts or straps passing over pulleys keyed on shafts revolving in bearings
supported by suitable framework, by which the brushes are brought in
contact with the threads or yarns, spread and stretched upon two or more
rollers in a traversing frame (tension to the yarn or thread being imparted by
means of screws, weighted levers, or other agents), and also containing other
two or more rollers, which are at liberty for facilitating the removal of the

page_text: finished thread or yarn, and for putting unfinished threads or yarns thereon, so
that when the thread or yarn under the operation of finishing is completed on
the first-mentioned rollers, it is traversed from contact with the brushes, and
unfinished yarn or thread on the latter mentioned rollers is brought by the
traversing frame into position for being operated upon by the brush or brushes,
or the motion of the brushes is caused by mounting them upon reciprocating
levers and connecting rods wrought by cranks and excentrics.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the 'said Joseph Hacking in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPU
HACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Hacking, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Hacking, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Hacking, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR DRESSING, POLISHING, AND FINISHING THREADS AND YARNS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Hacking, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner. the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed. in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Hacking, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My said Invention relates to the machinery employed in dressing, polishing,
and finishing sized threads or yarns, for imparting lustre and finish thereto, and
consists,
First, in connecting a series of brushes to a belt or strap, guided by a
plate, by which means more friction is obtained between the brush and
the thread or yarn than when circular brushes are used, as heretofore.
Secondly, in imparting a reciprocating motion to the brush when acting on
the threads or yarns to be dressed, polished, and finished.
Thirdly, in an improved arrangement of rollers on which the skeins or hanks
of thread or yarn are distended.
And, fourthly, in an improved compound machine for dressing, polishing,
and finishing yarns or threads.
And in order that the said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings appended
hereunto, which represent certain forms of machinery under which my improve-
ments may be advantageously carried out in practice.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation, shewing a series of brushes connected to a
belt or strap, passing over the pulleys a, a, keyed on the shafts b, b, which
revolvo in suitable bearings. c, c, are rollers, for spreading and distending
thereon the sized yarn or thread, which rollers are placed in a traversing
frame, and held in proper tension by the machinery herein-after described in
reference to Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5; d is a contact plate or plates, to bring the
brushes e, e, e, e, in proper position and contact with the thread or yarn spread
upon the rollers c, c.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of a horizontal thread-polishing machine; and
Fig. 3, a ground plan of the same. a, a, are the main pieces of framework;
b, b, are the cross rails; c, c, is the driving shaft (suitably mounted in pedestals
and steps), carrying the fast and loose pulleys d, d. Upon the shaft c is keyed
a spur wheel, which gears into two other spur wheels on the shafts and g.
At each end of the shaft f are small cranks or excentrics, attached to con-
necting rods h, h, which are suitably connected to the levers i, i. On the
shaft g, at each end, are keyed circular discs, having inserted therein crank
pins or studs j,j, which impart motion horizontally, by the connecting rods k, k,
to the levers i, i, the lower ends of which are attached to oscillating levers !,
on each side of the machine. To the upper ends of the levers i, i, is secured
the reciprocating brush A. m, m, are two horizontal guide rods, fixed to the

page_text: frame a, a; n, m, n, is a transversing frame, to carry the rollers o, o, o', o', on
which is placed and distended the thread or yarn to be operated upon. The
pedestals supporting the yarn rollers o', o', are fitted to sliding racks p, gearing
in pinions on the shaft g, supported in suitable brackets r, r; two of the said
racks being under the framing n, n, operate on the roller bearings through
slots s, s, whilst the two others are placed on the higher side of the framing n, n.
t, t, are ratchet wheels, keyed on the shaft 9, 2. and are actuated by the hooked
rods or catches u, u, attached to weighted levers w, w, to impart due and proper
tension to the thread or yarn spread upon the rollers o, o'; r is a shaft, mounted
in bearings fixed to the guide rods m, mn, and upon the shaft æ are keyed two
pinions, which gear in racks fixed to the traversing frame n, n, for sliding the
yarn or thread spread upon the rollers o, o, o', o, into the proper position for
being operated upon by the brush A. When the operation is completed, the
rollers are moved laterally in the direction of the arrow, and the finished yarn
is taken off the rollers, and unfinished yarn is put on to be similarly operated
upon. Motion to the shaft is given by a winch or crank handle y. 1 is a
bevil pinion, keyed on the shaft c, gearing into the wheel 2 on the shaft 3,
having thereon a bevil pinion 4, gearing in the wheel 5, on the rollers o, o, for
imparting motion to the yarn or thread while it is being operated upon by the
brush A.
Fig. 4 is an end sectional elevation of an upright compound machine for
dressing, polishing, and finishing threads and yarus; and Fig. 5, a side elevation
of the same.
The working of this machine is as follows:-a, a, aro two strong frames,
bolted and connected together by cross rails b, b, or other suitable stays; c, c,
are pedestals and steps, carrying the shaft d. upon the ends of which are keyed
pulleys or discs e, e, (on the periphery of e, e', the driving belt is placed) having
inserted therein crank pins or studs f. f, attached to the connecting rods 9, 9.
each carrying a cross head h and slide block i, working between the slides j.j.
To the cross heads h, h, are fixed two curved brushes, which when in motion
alternately act upon the yarn stretched upon the rollers n and n', which are
mounted on the two traversing frames I, 1, each of the said frames being hinged
at m on one of the four corners of the machine. The lower rollers n', n', are
suspended in the slide brackets o, o, having racks secured thereto, and gearing
into pinions p, p, keyed on the shaft q, for raising the roller n' when required.
The roller n' is held in position by a catch r, acting on the ratchet wheels,
which is also keyed on the shaft q. To the ends of the slide brackets o. o.
are cast projecting loops, for the reception of the hooked rods t, t, which are

page_text: keyed upon the shafts v, v. The ends of the shafts v, v, work in the levers
1, 2, which are keyed on the shafts w, w, oscillating in bearings attached to
the framework a, a. The levers u, u, are suitably weighted, so that when
in connection with the slide brackets o, o, due and proper tension may bo
given to the yarn spread upon the rollers n, n, n¹, n', as seen in Fig. 4. A
handle and fly wheel are keyed on the screwed shafts a, a, to work in brass
nuts at the ends of the levers u, u, to facilitate the engaging and disengaging
of the hooked rods t, t, to and from the slide brackets o, o, when required.
y is a small pulley, keyed on the shaft d, from which a belt drives the pulley
z, keyed upon the shaft 1, on which are keyed the pinions 2, 2, which gear
in the wheels 3 (connected to the frames 1, 1,) and upon the axis of which
is keyed a pinion 4, gearing into the wheel 5, fixed to and imparting motion
to the rollers n, n', on which the yarn is spread. On each side of the machine,
when in operation, one traversing frame with its bank of thread or yarn is in
contact with the reciprocating alternate acting brushes k, and one traversing
frame is at liberty for facilitating the removal of finished thread or yarn and
putting unfinished thread or yarn thercon, so that when the thread or yarn
on the traversing frame in contact with the brush is finished it is traversed
therefrom, and the latter traversing frame, with the unfinished thread thereon,
is brought in position to be operated upon by the reciprocating brush or
brushes put in motion by the driving belt on the pulley e, as before stated.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to
the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many deviations may be mado therefrom without departing from
the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the application of a series of brushes connected to a belt or strap,
and guided by suitable plates, to machines for dressing, polishing, and finishing
threads and yarns, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 1.
Secondly, imparting a reciprocating motion to the brush employed in
machines for dressing, polishing, and finishing threads and yarns, as shewn
and described in reference to Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Thirdly, the improved arrangement of rollers on which the skeins or lanks
of thread or yarn are distended, and the machinery for moving them laterally,
as shown and described in Figs. 2 and 3.

page_text: And, lastly, the improved compound machine for dressing, polishing, and
finishing threads and yarns, and particularly the mode of binging the frames
of the rollers on which the threads and yarn are distended, as shewn and
described in Figs. 4 and 5.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Hacking, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JOSEPH HACKING. (L.B.)