IMPROVEMENTS IN HORTICUL TURAL BUILDINGS OR GLAZED STRUCTURES FOR HORTICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Richardson, of Darlington, in the County
of Durham, Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORTICUL
TURAL BUILDINGS OR GLAZED STRUCTURES FOR HORTICULTURAL AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 16th July 1867, and dated the 2nd February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Richardson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd February 1867.
I, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of Darlington, in the County of Durham,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OR GLAZED STRUCTURES FOR HORTICULTURAL
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements in horticultural buildings or glazed structures for
horticultural and other purposes refer to the efficient ventilation thereof, and
liave especial regard to the requirements of such buildings or structures when
of that character of construction which provides for their easy erection and
removal. For this purpose an open space is left between rectangular glazed
or other:frames or sides by means of which ventilation is obtained for the
interior. of the buildings or structures arranged to be covered, or for a time
partly covered by one or more rectangular glazed moveable frame or frames,
which when closed can rest upon the sides of the said open space, and when
open be entirely raised above but still parallel with these sides at a distance
of a few inches, which distance may be regulated to more or less according to
the amount of ventilation required from time to time, an open space being

page_text: thus left for the admission or escape of air on every side of such moveable
rectangular frame, and at the same time a protection being formed against
rain, wind, or a direct current of air entering the building or structure. Instead
of one open space several open spaces may be used closable as described.
To attain this object the upper ends of two or more arms of iron or other
material (such arms being of corresponding lengths one with the other) are
fixed at a distance apart at or near one outer edge, and the same number of
such arms at or near the other outer edge of the moveable rectangular frame,
the lower ends of such arms being fixed to the sides of the first-named open
space at a suitable distance below the level of the upper ends of the same, all
such arms being parallel with each other, and the fixing of their upper and
lower ends being in every case with a moveable joint. The position of these
arms is in an oblique direction with the moveable rectangular frame when
closed, which frame is opened for the purpose of ventilation by turning the
arms in an upward direction upon the joints or axes at the lower ends, this
being effected by one or more of the arms being extended below the joint at
the lower end as a lever or handle, or by being fixed upon a rod or shaft in
place of the joint or joints before described, such rod or shaft being made to
turn as an axis, and extended if required so as to open or close a number of
moveable rectangular frames by a handle, lever, or other arrangement for
turning such rod or shaft; a gutter piece may be used to protect the ventilator
space when open.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Richardson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
RICHARDSON, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, Builder, send
greeting.
:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Richardson, Her special licence that I, the said William
Richardson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the
said William Richardson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree. with, and no others, from time to time and at all times

page_text: thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might:
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain'
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS OR GLAZED STRUCTURES FOR HORTI-
CULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Richardson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should'
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed.
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-..
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Richardson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
My said improvements in horticultural buildings and in glazed structures
for horticultural and other purposes refer to the construction of the same in
manner hereafter described, whereby effectual and readily adjustable venti-
lation is provided in and for the same; and so that the rain and direct or
downward currents of: air may be hindered from entering the interior of such
buildings, tlie said improvements having special regard to the requirements of
such buildings or structures when of that character of construction which
provides for their easy erection and removal. With the views and intentions
aforesaid I construct such buildings or structures of glazed or other frames or
equivalent members so placed and fitted together as that an open space or
open spaces shall be left between such frames or members in order that by
means of such open space or spaces ventilation for the interior of such
buildings can or may be obtained by providing such space or spaces with one
or more glazed or other moveable frames or members capable of being raised
or lowered as may be desirable for the purpose of creating ventilation
openings that can be closed or partly closed as may be requisite, such moveable
frames when closed resting upon, against, or near the frames or sides to the
open space or spaces, and when open being raised above these sides at the
distance of a few inches or other convenient extent, which distance may be
regulated so as to be more or less according to the amount of ventilation from
time to time required, an open space being thus left for the admission or escape
of air on every side of such moveable frame or member, and at the same time
a protection formed against rain, wind, or a direct or downward current. of air
into the building or structure. The upper ends of two or more arms of iron
or other material (such arnis being of corresponding length one with the other).

page_text: are fixed at a distance apart at or near one outer edge, and. the same number:
of such arms at or near the other outer edge of the moveable frame or frames,:
member or members, the lower ends of such arms being fixed to the sides of..
the first-named open space at a suitable distance below the level of their
upper ends, áll such arms being parallel with each other, and the fixing of their
upper and lower ends being in every case with a moveable joint. The position
of these arms is in an oblique direction with the moveable frame or member:
when closed (their shape being straight or otherwise as desired), the said
frame being opened for the purpose of ventilation by turning the arms in an
upward direction upon the joints or axes at their lower ends, this being
effected by one or more of the arms being extended below the joint. at the.
lower end as a lever or handle, or by being fixed upon a rod or shaft.in. place
of the joint or joints before described, such rod or shaft being made to turn as
an axis, and extended if required so as to open and close a number of
moveable rectangular frames simultaneously by a handle, lever, or other
arrangement for turning such rod or shaft.
And in order that my said Invention may be more fully understood and readily:
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the arrangements I prefer to adopt,
which I shall do by referring to the Drawing accompanying these Presents by
the words, figures, and letters marked thereon and herein referred to,' that is
to say:
DESCRIPTION. OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 is a section through parts of the glazed moveable rectangular frames,
shewing a side view of the apparatus for opening the same. a, a, a, a, a, are
the parts of the said moveable frames; b, b, b, b, are parts of the sides forming
the open space for ventilation covered by the said moveable frame; c, c, are
the arms of iron or other material fixed as before described for opening the
said moveable frames; these arpis may be reversed to lift the said frames in
the opposite direction if preferred. d is the rod or shaft forming an axis for
one or more of the said arms for opening the same; e, e, are pieces of zinc,
sheet iron, or other suitable material fixed across from side to side of the open
space,
and may
be as wide as required, turned up at the lower edge to form a
gutter, and are for protecting from the rain the parts exposed when the
moveable frame is opened. The dotted lines shew the moveable frame and
arms as opened for ventilation.
Fig. 2 is a section taken in the opposite direction of the parts shewn in
Fig. 1, and the letters and dotted lines refer to the same parts, as before
described.

page_text: Fig. 3 is a section of a horticultural building with this Invention applied
thereto, two of the moveable rectangular frames marked a being arranged to
cover one open space for ventilation and shewn closed. The dotted lines shew
the same open, the upper one being opened to a further extent than the lower one.
Handles or levers for turning the rods or shafts which open a number of the
same simultaneously regulated by curved bars are also shown.
Fig. 4 is part of a front elevation of Fig. 8, shewing two pairs of the
moveable rectangular frames a closed.
Fig. 5 is a section of a different variety of horticultural building with this
Invention applied to the roof. The ventilator or moveable rectangular frame
a at the left-hand side is shewn open, and at the right-hand side closed; handles
or levers for turning the rods or shafts (which may be made to open a number
of the same simultaneously) regulated by curved bars are also shewn.
Fig. 6 is part of a front elevation of Fig. 5, shewing two of the ventilators
or moveable rectangular frames a closed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I
claim the Invention the nature and character whereof is set forth in the outset
of this my Specification thereof, that is, by the words preceeding the words
"And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood" but with this
reservation, that I do not claim the constituent parts of the herein described
buildings or structures considered per se and apart from the purposes of my
said Invention, nor do I make any claim to the use of frames or members
ranged in such order as to leave air spaces between them, or the provision of
coverings for such air spaces of the nature of hinged flaps or doors which upon
being opened to the full extent fall back away from such spaces, leaving them
wholly unprotected from rain and direct or downward currents.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Richardson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
WILLIAM RICHARDSON. (L.B.)
Witness,
WILLIAM FOTHERGILL.