Distillation of Oil-yielding or Carbonaceous Minerals.
Year: 1885

page_text: S
.Distillation of Oil-yielding or Carbonaceous Minerals.
We, ALEXANDER NEILSON, of Inkermann, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Oil-works Manager, and JAMES SNODGRASS, of the same place, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING AMMONIA IN CONNECTION WITH THE DISTILLATION OF OIL-YIELDING.OR
CARBONACEOUS MINERALS," to be as follows, that.is to say. :-
Our said Invention has for its object to obtain an increased quantity of ammonia
in connection with the distillation of oil-yielding or carbonaceous minerals such as
shales, coal, and the like.
1
Our Invention is conveniently and advantageously applicable to vertical retorts
of a kind of which large numbers are in use; and in carrying it out we work each
retort with separate complete charges and after having distilled off 'the whole or
larger quantity of the oil in the ordinary way we cause air along with steam to be
introduced into the retort and discontinue all external heating or at any rate do
not increase the external heat acting on the retort. The introduction of air in
this way causes the combustion of the carbonaceous matter remaining in the retort,
and the production of increased heat, the result of the action being that a con-
siderable quantity of ammonia is produced or evolved in addition to that yielded
during the primary distillation.
The air and steam may be introduced in separate jets, or a jet of steam may be
arranged to carry in air through one or more suitable nozzles. We prefer to have
the air and steam mixed prior to or during their introduction. Our Invention is
applicable to horizontal as well as to vertical or inclined retorts; but in all cases
we prefer to introduce the air and steam at a part of the retort as distant as possible
from the outlet pipe by which the vapors and gases pass off to the condensers.
Instead of causing the air and steam to act as herein before described in the retort
or vessel in which the primary distillation is conducted, they may be made to act
in a separate vessel or chamber into which the materials are transferred after having
undergone the primary distillation, but no heat requires to be applied externally to
such separate vessel or chamber.
.:תנית'
A-100-
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.

page_text: '
Improvements i Оргалит Штопта д соппоспов WITH CHO
Distillation of Oil-yielding or Carbonaceous Minerals.
We, ALEXANDER, NEILSON, of Inkermann, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Oil-work Manager, and JAMES SNODGRASS, of the same place Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
'
Our said Invention has for its object to obtain an increased quantity of ammonia
in connection with the distillation of 'oil-yielding or carbonaceous minerals, such as
shales, coal, and the like,
Our Invention is conveniently and advantageously applicable to vertical retorts
of a kind of which large numbers are in use; and in carrying it out, according to
one modification, we work each retort with separate complete charges, and after
having distilled off the whole or larger quantity of the oil in the ordinary way we
cause air along with steam to be introduced into the retort and discontinue all
external heating, or at any rate do not increase the external heat acting on the
retort. The introduction of air in this way causes the combustion of the car-
bonaceous matter remaining in the retort, and the production of increased heat, the
result of the action being that a considerable quantity of ammonia is produced or
evolved in addition to that yielded during the primary distillation.
The air and steam may be introduced in separate jets, or a jet or jets of steam
may be arranged to carry in air through one or more suitable nozzles. We prefer
to have the air and steam mixed prior to or during their introduction. Our
Invention is applicable to horizontal as well as to vertical or inclined retorts; but
in all cases we prefer to introduce the air and steam at a part of the retort as
distant as possible from the outlet pipe by which the vapors and gases pass off to
the condensers.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood we hereunto append two sheets of explanatory
drawings to be hereinafter referred to and showing apparatus for applying our
improvements.
Figures, 1, and 2, on sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings are vertical sections
showing the upper parts of two varieties of vertical retorts such as are in use for
distilling shale. Figures, 3, 4, and 5, are enlarged views of the injecting nozzle which
we prefer to employ, figure, 3, being an end elevation, figure, 4, a longitudinál
section, and figure, 5, a side elevation. Figure, 6, on sheet, 2, of the drawings is a
vertical section of another arrangement of retorts which may be used in carrying
out our Invention. In these drawings the same reference numerals are used to
mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
The retorts, 10, shown in figure, 1, are of a kind having outlets at or near their
lower ends for the passage of the vapors and gases to the condensers. We introduce
the air and steam by means of nozzles, 11, fixed at the outer ends of pipes, 12,
entering the sides of the retorts close to their tops. We prefer to employ jets of

page_text: high-pressure steam to inject the necessary amount of air, whilst we also provide
for utilising any waste or exhaust steam or other soft or low-pressure steam, the
low-pressure steam being supplied by pipes, 13, and the high-pressure steam by
smaller pipes, 14. The high-pressure steam enters each nozzle, 11, by a central
small jet pipe, 15, which projects into the conical cavity of the nozzle, and the
low-pressure steam enters that cavity by a lateral inlet, 16, whilst openings, 17, for
the entrance of air are formed in the outer end of the nozzle. The air inlets, 17,
can be more or less closed by a valve, 18, formed like a cap and with a handle, 19,
this cap being held on the nozzle by screw pins, 20, entered through slots in the
sides of the cap.
In the modification shown in figure, 2, the nozzles, 11, are fixed to the tops of the
retorts, 10, so as to be directed downwards; it is however immaterial whether the
nozzles are vertical, inclined or horizontal..
Each
Instead of causing the air and steam to act as hereinbefore described in the retort
or vessel, 10, in which the primary distillation is conducted, they may be made to
act in a separate vessel or chamber, 21, such as is shown in figure, 6, and into which
the materials are transferred after having undergone the primary distillation, but
no heat requires to be applied externally to such separate vessel or chamber.
upper retort or vessel, 10, is made with an inclined bottom and an outlet, 22, for
the partly spent shale such outlet being closed with a door or cover, 23, whilst the
primary distillation is in progress; an outlet pipe, 24, for the vapors and gases
being also provided. Each lower retort or vessel, 21, which may be constructed of
either firebrick or castiron, is made with an inlet, 25, provided with a door or
cover, 26, at the top, and with an outlet, 27, at the bottom for discharging the ashes
or exhausted residues, such outlet being provided with a cover, 28. The nozzle, 11,
for injecting air and steam is applied with its pipe, 12, near the bottom outlet, 27,
of each lower retort or vessel, 21, and the outlet, 29, for the vapors and gases
evolved in the retort or vessel is arranged at the top in communication with a
pipe, 30; for leading the vapors and gases to condensers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
The treating of oil-yielding or carbonaceous minerals in separate complete charges
in each retort, and in two stages; the oil or most of it being distilled off in the
ordinary way during the first stage, whilst during the second stage, the materials
being in the same vessel or transferred to another vessel, air and steam are injected
for the purpose of burning the remaining carbonaceous matter and distilling off the
ammonia without the aid of additional external heat, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
T1000
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicants' Agent.