Improvements in Liquid Fuel and other Injectors.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Nov., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Liquid Fuel and other Injectors.
I, WILLIAM DANDISON, of 5 West Street, Finsbury Circus, in the City of
London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel and other injectors.
In carrying it into effect, I provide a hollow casing or injector-body which
preferably tapers internally towards its nozzle. This casing is fitted with an
internal concentric tube also tapered on its outer face to correspond. This tube is
hollowed to receive steam and perforated to deliver it in jets. The liquid fuel is
delivered through the side of the casing about half way along its length. Behind
this orifice through which the said fuel is delivered there is a ring on the internal
face of the casing. An intermediate tube is provided which is adapted to slide
axially to and fro in the casing by an outside ring on it which ring is packed to fit
pistonwise in the first mentioned ring as a cylinder. These two rings are behind
the fuel delivery and the intermediate tube is long enough to be moved forward
past it up to the nozzle for the purpose of regulating or even cutting off the supply
thereof. Any suitable device may be made use of for adjusting the position of
the intermediate tube. I propose to use an outside handwheel carrying an internal
worm gearing in a worm wheel upon the said tube. The rear end of the latter is
screwed to work in a socket in the rear of the injector.
The air is admitted axially through the injector. The nozzle through which the
mixed air steam and fuel are expelled is contracted near the nozzle of the injector
casing, then expanded and lastly terminates to an oval hole.
Dated this 29th day of August 1893.
°
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Liquid Fuel and other Injectors.
1 WILLIAM DANDISON, of 5 West Street, Finsbury Circus, in the City of
London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in liquid fuel and other injectors. It is
hereinafter specified as made and used for injecting liquid fuel, but it is to be under-
stood that although this may be its principal object, it is not confined to it inasmuch
as it is applicable to all injectors in which one fluid is required to inject, two others
comminuting them and thoroughly mixing up their molecules during their passage
through the injector.
In carrying it into effect, I provide a hollow casing or injector-body which,
preferably, tapers internally towards its nozzle. This injector-body is fitted with
an internal concentric tube also tapered on its outer face to correspond. This tube
is hollowed to receive steam and perforated to deliver it in jets. The liquid fuel
[Price &d l

page_text: is delivered through the side of the casing about half way along its length. Behind
the orifice through which the said fuel is delivered there is a ring on the internal
face of the casing. An intermediate tube is provided which is adapted to slide
axially to and fro in the casing by an outside ring on it which ring is packed to fit
pistonwise in the first mentioned ring as a cylinder. These two rings are behind
the liquid fuel orifice and the intermediate tube is long enough to be moved forward
past up to the nozzle for the purpose of regulating or even cutting off the supply.
Any suitable device may be made use of for adjusting the position of the inter-
mediate tube. I propose to use an outside hand wheel carrying an internal worm
gearing in a worm wheel upon the said tube. The rear end of the latter is screwed
to work in a socket in the rear of the injector-body.
The air is admitted axially through the injector-body. The nozzle through
which the mixed air, steam and fuel are expelled is contracted near the nozzle of
the injector-body, then expanded and lastly terminates in an oval mouth.
In order that the invention and the means of carrying it into practical effect
may be thoroughly understood, I will now describe it and them in detail, referring
in so doing to the accompanying figures which are to be taken as part of this
Specification and read therewith.
Figure 1 is a side elevation.
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional elevation on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an inverted plan of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a plan of the injecting jet.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a modification.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4 the hollow casing or injector-body consists of two
portions a and b which have formed in them all the ports which are necessary to
the present invention.
The portion a is a flanged tube, c being the tube and d its flange. The tube
projects centrally from one side of the flange at right angles with it, the bore of
the tube being continued through the flange to the opposite side of it where it is
provided with a trumpet shaped mouth. The bore of the tube, excepting the
mouth, is parallel and provides the axial port of the injector. The outer face of
the tube is tapered for a reason which will appear in its place. e is an annular
port formed in the substance of the tube c parallel with its axis and extended in
the same direction into the flange à for about half the distance through the latter.
The mouth of the annular port e is closed by a ring f which is perforated with a
series of equidistant holes the bores of which are aligned with the port e.
The
latter tapers outwards from its mouth for more than half its length, thereby
increasing in sectional area as it approaches its supply port and also rendering
desirable a corresponding degree of taper in the concentric surrounding organs of
the injector. The holes f' deliver in the same plane as the tube e, in other words
they are flush with each other. 9 is a pipe making tight connection with the
flange d. This connection is shown as at the edge of the flange and in a direction
parallel with the faces of the latter, but it may be varied as may be required. The
bore of the pipeg is considerable compared with the volume of fluid which it is
intended to convey, but its diameter is rendered necessary by the presence of an
internal pipe described further on, which it surrounds for the whole of its length.
The bore of the pipe g is, because of the position of the latter prolonged into the
flange d for a short distance. is a port from such prolongation running in a
direction approximately parallel with the axis of the tube c. The internal pipe
above referred to, i, is continued concentrically through the prolongation of the
bore of the pipe 9, its hore being, in its turn, led on through the flange in the
direction of the concentric port e and made to communicate with it by a port e¹.
This port is provided with a controlling valve e² which can be adjusted from the
outside without interfering with any other adjustable organ of the invention. The
one illustrated is a wheel valve but the invention does not limit us in respect of
the type of valve, but only in respect of its adjustability from the outside
independently of any other adjustment required by the invention. It is to be noted

page_text: that the flange d is enlarged where necessary to make room for the ports and valve
specified. is a ring on the inner face of the flange d. The function of it is
described further on.
Near
The portion bis tubular in plan, but, unlike the tube e already described, it is of
varying diameter internally. One end of it is provided with a flange 6 of the
same diameter as the flange d, while the other is contracted to fit, and to corre-
spond with in respect of diameter, the inner end of the nozzle, as explained at
length further on. The object of the flange is to provide for the two portions a
and being held together by nuts and bolts in the manner illustrated. The
flanged end of the portion fits snugly over the ring j. For the purpose of
providing room within the portion b for all the internal organs of the injector, two
extensions are formed upon it. Through one of these, the port already described
as starting in the flange d from the prolongation therein of the bore of the pipe g,
is continued in a direction more or less parallel with the axis of the tube c.
the top of the said extension it is turned abruptly towards the said tube around
which it becomes annular, and is then led forward towards the nozzle b³ of the
portion b. The terminal portion or front end of the annular portion of the port h
converges towards the axis of the injector and stands in front of the series of
holes for the double purpose of directing the fluid which flows along it into the
injector nozzle, towards the said axis and in front of the jets of fluid issuing from
the said holes. The oblique side of this terminal portion of the port h also
serves as a seating for a regulating tube described further on. Further, the said
port is provided at the junction of the straight and annular portions of it with a
controlling valve h² which can be adjusted from the outside of the injector inde-
pendently of any other adjustable organ of it. Subject to this, the type of valve
as well as its position, may be varied. k is the regulating tube already referred to.
It is circular in cross section and tapers in elevation from a diameter at its rear
equal to that of the internal diameter of the ring to one at its front end corre-
sponding with the seating h¹ above described. Further, it is concentric with the
axis of the injector. Its function is to regulate the sectional area of the annular
portion of the port h at any point between closure and full open inclusive. The
necessary to and fro motion of the tube k is derived from the engagement of a male
screw thread fast upon it with a female one k³ on the inner face of the ring j.
I do not confine myself to the relative positions of these two threads for it is evident
that as far as their functions are concerned their respective positions might be
reversed, the female thread being on the inside of the duly enlarged end of the
tube c, and the male thread on the duly reduced outside of the ring. The circular
motion of the tube in either direction necessary to impart the desired to and fro
motion above mentioned is imparted to it by means of a worm * engaging in a
worm wheel ko which is fast upon the outside of the ring. Both screw threads k², k³
and worm wheel are in planes at right angles with the axis of the tube k. The
worm works within the second of the above mentioned extensions of the portion b
where it is held fast to the end of an axis ke which passing out through a stuffing
box is provided with an external hand wheel, or its equivalent, by means of which
the position of the regulating tube can be adjusted from the outside of the injector
independently of any other adjustable organ thereof. A suitable internal cavity k
is provided for the worm wheel . The cavity k is shut off from the annular
port h and a suitable guide for the to and fro motion of the tube k provided by
means of a ring fast upon the outside of the tube and a second, l, opposite to it
fast upon the inside of the portion of the injector-body. The latter ring is drawn
deeper than its fellow because the ring I must pass over the ring l without opening
communication between the said port h and cavity k'. For this purpose, the
and the internal one provided
respective external surface carried by the tube
by the injector body are packed together after the manner of a piston to its
cylinder.
The nozzle of the injector is of special contour. Its inner end m is circular in
cross section and fits to the nozzle b³ of the portion 6 making a continuous bore
b

page_text: therewith. The bore of the nozzle is circular in cross section and of an unvarying
diameter for nearly half its length when it begins to assume an oval contour until
its mouth m' is, in plan, a flattened oval and, in elevation an are having its radius
near the middle of the injector. The device by which the injector nozzle is connected
to the portion of the injector-body consists of a female thread in the rear end of
the nozzle engaging with a male thread on the nozzle 63 of the said portion, but
this may be varied.
When the injector constructed as above described is to be used to inject liquid
fuels it is connected and works as follows. Steam is supplied to the pipe and the
liquid fuel to the pipe g. The fuel therefore jackets the steam and is heated by it.
As soon as the valves e² and 2 are opened, the rush of the steam through the
boles induces the fuel through the port h and the air through the port c into the
circular portion of the injector nozzle, where both air and fuel are thoroughly
comminuting and mixed up with each other ready for combustion, and from which
they are injected into the furnace through the oval mouth m². The quantity of
fuel as well as the rate at which it is induced into the nozzle is regulated by
adjusting the portion of the regulating tube k with reference to its seat ¹.
Under certain circumstances it is inconvenient to have the mechanism for
adjusting the position of the tube k worked from the side of the injector after the
manner illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3. To meet the requirements of such
circumstances, I construct the injector as shewn in Figure 5.
One practical
advantage of the construction illustrated therein is that the hand wheel of the
mechanism for adjusting the position of the regulating tube is at an increased
distance from the fire, and will therefore keep cooler than when it stands in the
position illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3. Referring to Figure 5, c¹ is the central
tube. It is parallel throughout. It may be parallel throughout as shewn, or have
a trumpet shaped mouth as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. It corresponds with the
tube c of Figures 1 and 3 as far as providing the axial port of the injector. The
outer shell of the annular port e for the passage of the injecting fluid is provided
by the regulating tube k'. This is made fast by its rear end to an annulus e fast
on the tube c'. The screw threads 2, 3 are cut, the former upon the periphery of
the annulus 2 and the latter in the socket j' of a flange d. The socket j' and
flange d' correspond so far to the ring and flange d respectively of Figures 1 to 3.
The external hand wheel for adjusting the position of the regulating tube is fixed
upon the outer end of the tube c which is prolonged outwards through a stuffing
box in the socket j' for that purpose.
are made longer than
prolonged through the
The pipes g and i are
The injector-body, the tube c¹ and the regulating tube
illustrated in the previous construction. The tube is
flanged to receive the handwheel of the regulating tube.
led into the injector-body through a suitable enlargement of the latter near its
flange instead of through the flange d'. The pipe i is continued through the
port and an internal enlargement of the injector-body into a chamber ³ with
which the annular port e communicates by ports e in the regulating tube k¹. Both
the regulating tube k¹ and the tube c' pass through the front of the enlargement
above mentioned and as it is provided with a suitable stuffing box it discharges the
functions of the two rings l, of the said previous construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The combination of injector-body, nozzle joined thereto immediately in front
of the planes in which the liquid fuel, steam and air ports terminate, the cross
section of the said nozzle being a circle where it joins the injector-body and
gradually merging into a flattened oval at its opposite end the longer diameter of
the said oval being longer than the diameter of the said circle.
2. The combination with an injector-body, of a nozzle characterised by a clear
and unobstructed way and by a cross section which is a circle where the said section

page_text: joins the injector-body, said circle being then coincident with one including
the annular fuel port and gradually merging into a flattened oval at the opposite or
outer end, the longer diameter of the said oval being longer than the diameter of
the said circle.
3. The combination of the central air port, annular steam port surrounding the
shell of the said air port, annular liquid fuel port surrounding the shell of the steam
port, converging as to its front end towards the axis of the injector and adjustable
in respect of its sectional area by a tube having axial motion to or from an internal
seating.
4. The combination of central and axial air port, annular steam port surrounding
the shell of the said air port, annular liquid fuel port surrounding the shell of the
steam port, converging as to its front end towards the axis of the injector and
adjustable in respect of its sectional area by a tube having axial motion to and from
an internal seating forming part of the said fuel port and a controlling valve on
each of the said fuel and steam ports.
5. The combination with the injector-body of steam supply pipe, liquid fuel
supply pipe annular to and surrounding the latter up to their joint entrance into
the said body, and ports for steam and liquid fuel divergent from the said entrance
and converging again into concentric annular ports in the same respective positions
and cocks controlling them.
6. The combination with a hollow injector-body of a concentric annular port
adapted to deliver liquid fuel into the nozzle, at an angle with its axis an internal
concentric tube forming by its outer face the inner side of the said port and capable
of motion in either direction parallel with the axis of the injector-body, a seating
on the inner face of the said body opposite the front end of the said tube, internal
surface on the said body and external surface on the said tube the latter fitting
pistonwise to the former, a screw thread upon the tube engaging with a second
screw thread in the said body, both threads about the axis of the latter, and
toothed gear between the tube and an external handwheel or its equivalent.
7. The combination of injector-body consisting of two portions a flanged tube
and a concentric barrel, the tube providing a central axial port and having a con-
centric port formed within its sides and extended into the flange, a port in the
flange, a second one annular to and surrounding it, a port connecting the said port
in the flange with the above mentioned concentric port and a valve controlling it,
a port in the flange from the annular port above mentioned, an annular port formed
by an axially adjustable tube and the concentric barrel, a port connecting the last
mentioned annular port and the one from the annular port in the flange, a valve
controlling it, external devices for adjusting the two valves and the adjustable tube
independently of each other and a nozzle characterised by a clear and unobstructed
way and a cross section which is a circle where the said section joins the barrel of
the injector-body, said circle being then coincident with one including the outer
port in said barrel and gradually merging into a flattened oval at the opposite end,
the longer diameter of the said oval being longer than the diameter of the
said circle.
8. The combination in an injector, of an annular port concentric with the axis
of the injector adapted to deliver the injecting fluid, a central and axial port, an
outer annular and concentric port, an adjustable tube adapted to close the said outer
annular and concentric port, port-controlling valves and external devices for
adjusting the said tube and valves independently of each other.
9. The combination of injector-body consisting of a tube flanged at one end and
a flange having a central socket axially aligned with the said tube, a tube providing
the axial port of the injector, a concentric regulating tube, external to the said
tube and forming with it a concentric port for the passage of the injecting fluid, a
closed junction between the said tubes near their rear ends, devices for imparting
a to and fro motion in an axial direction with reference to an internal seating
opposite the front end of the concentric regulating tube, said seat being formed in
the port for the fluid to be injected, a port delivering into the last mentioned port

page_text: and a further port jacketted by the last mentioned port and adapted to deliver into
a central chamber with which only the concentric port for the injecting fluid
otherwise communicates.
10. The general construction of injector adjustable in respect of the supplies of
the injecting agent and of the fluid to be injected as set forth.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1893.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.