TROUTINE MANORACTURE OR SOAD
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Fergusson Wilson and George Payne, both
of Sherwood Works, Battersea, in the County of Surrey, for the Inven-
tion of TROUTINE MANORACTURE OR SOAD"
led the 25th September 1863, and dated the 17th July 186
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Fergusson Wilson
and George Payne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th July 1863.
We, GEORGE FERGUSSON WILSON and GEORGE PAYNE, both of Sherwood
Works, Battersea, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of soap.
The improvements are applicable when employing caustic alkali and acid,
fatty, or oily matters in the manufacture of soap.
And in order that the nature of the Invention may be clearly defined, it is
desirable to state that in the Specification of a Patent granted to Messrs. Wilson
Gwynne and Wilson, dated the 10th October 1845 (No. 10,870) a process of
making of soap is described wherein the liquid product obtained by pressing
distilled acidified fatty matters is employed: also that in the Specification of a
Patent granted to Messrs. Wilson and Austen, dated the 3rd October 1856, (No.
2319,) the making of soap from fatty matters by the use of carbonated alkalies
and heated steam is described: also that in the Specification of a Patent granted

page_text: to John Talbot Pitman, dated the 20th March 1858 (No. 588) (being a com-
munication from Campbell Morfit) the making of soap by combining oleic acid
and carbonated alkalies and mixing them by a mechanical stirrer heated by dry
steam is described: also that in the Specification of a Patent granted to Georgo
Tomlinson Bousfield, dated the 18th November 1861, (No. 2863) (being a
communication from Campbell Morfit) improvements in making soap when
using carbonated alkalies and oleic acid are described; and it should also bo
further stated that the employment of caustic alkalies and acid, fatty, or oily
matters has been long practised when making soap in the ordinary manner at
the ordinary temperatures.
Now our Invention consists in the manufacture of soaps by combining
caustic alkalies with acid, fatty, or oily matters at high temperatures accom-
panied by mechanical stirring. The temperature is preferred to be about 320°
of Fahrenheit, and although various acid, fatty, or oily matters may be used, it
is preferred to employ those obtained by what is known as the water saponifi-
cation process, or those produced when only a small quantity of sulphuric acid
has been used in their manufacture.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Fergusson Wilson and George Payne in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 16th January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
FERGUSSON WILSON and GEORGE PAYNE, both of Sherwood Works, Battersea,
in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said George Fergusson Wilson and George Payne, Her special
licence that we, the said George Fergusson Wilson, and George Payne, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George
Fergusson Wilson, and George Payne, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that we, the said George Fergusson Wilson and George
Payne, our executors or administrators by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the George Fergusson Wilson, on behalf of
myself and the said George Payne, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of soap.
The improvements are applicable when employing caustic alkali and acid,
fatty, or oily matters in the manufacture of soap.
And in order that the nature of the Invention may be clearly defined, it is
desirable to state that in the Specification of a Patent granted to Messrs.
Wilson, Gwynne, and Wilson, dated the 10th October 1845, (No. 10,870,) a
process of making soap is described, wherein the liquid product obtained by
pressing distilled acidified fatty matters is employed. Also that in the Specifi-
cation of a Patent granted to Messrs. Wilson and Austin, dated the 3rd
October 1856, (No. 2819,) tho making of soap from fatty matters by the use
of carbonated alkalies and heated steam is described. Also that in the
Specification of a Patent granted to John Talbot Pitman, dated the 20th
March 1858, (No. 588,) (being a communication from Campbell Morfit) the
making of soap by combining oleic acid and carbonated alkalies, and mixing
them by a mechanical stirrer heated by dry steam is described. Also that in
the Specification of a Patent granted to George Tomlinson Bousfield, dated
the 18th November 1861, (No. 2863,) (being a communication from Camp-
bell Morfit) improvements in making soap when using carbonated alkalies
and oleic acid are described. And it should also be further stated, that the
employment of caustic alkalies and acid, fatty, or oily matters has been long
practised when making soap in the ordinary manner at the ordinary tem-
peratures.
Now our Invention consists in the manufacture of soaps by combining
caustic alkalies with acid, fatty, or oily matters at high temperatures, accom-
panied by mechanical stirring. The temperature is preferred to be about
320° of Fahrenheit, and although various acid, fatty, or oily matters may be
used, it is preferred to employ those obtained by what is known as the water

page_text: saponification process, or those produced when only a small quantity of
sulphuric acid has been used in their manufacture.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, we will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
In making the finer classes of soap, such as those used for the toilet, and,
in fact, for all classes of soap, we prefer to employ the oily or fatty acids pro-
duced by what is known as the water saponification, though other oily or fatty
acids may be used. In making the better classes of soap, we employ at the
rate of about 8 cwt. of oily or fatty acid to about 4 cwt. of soda lye (specific
gravity 1.35). These matters are introduced at a temperature of 260° Fahren-
heit or upwards simultaneously into the pan or vessel when the stirrer or
agitator is at work. We find in practice this temperature makes good soap, and
that temperatures exceeding 320° Fahrenheit are liable to darken the color of
the soap; whilst, when using temperatures below 260°, the saponification is
liable to be imperfect. The stirring and mixing is to be continued till the
whole becomes a smooth homogeneous paste or compound, when it is to be
framed in the usual well-known manner. When stronger soap is desired the
alkali is to be increased, and if the price of the soap is to be reduced or
cheapened, silicate of soda or hyposulphites, or other matters may be added,
and cocoa-nut oil and its acids may be used to enable the soap to contain
more water.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Fergusson Wilson, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
GEO. F. WILSON. (L.S.)