IMPROVE- MENTS IN COKE OVENS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COKE OVENS."-A Communication from abroad by Frederic
Ten Thin Lomoning of Annars France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd December 1864.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a circular multiple oven in manner
hereafter described. The object is to unite a quantity of ovens in a small
space, and to so arrange them that each of the ovens shall converge to the
centre of the building in order that the heat of the united ovens may be equal
for each of them. Each separate oven participates in the heat of its neigh-
bours. The flame from each oven is divided by flues spread over each side of
its walls, and produces a great heating surface upon and under the sole of the
The number of converging ovens is not limited, but depends upon the
diameter to be given to the structure, but 28 ovens arranged in the same
structure will yield a great quantity of coke with a considerable saving in
labour.

page_text: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the multiple oven, and Figure 2
represents two different horizontal sections and a plan of the same. The
centre of the apparatus is formed by a cylindrical brick structure a covered
by a casing 6 of refractory material. The casing 6 and structure a are pro-
longed horizontally below the ovens to form a foundation 6. About 8 or 9
inches more or less from the casing b is a crown d, also of refractory material.
This crown is terminated at bottom by the sole f of the ovens.
The sole
fthus forms a circular bottom or platform of refractory material arranged
above the circular foundation 6', leaving between them a space for allowing
passage to the flame and gases from the ovens as hereafter described. As all
the ovens converge to the centre, the side fire-brick walls c, c, have a slightly
radial inclination which diminishes a little the breadth of the oven towards the
bottom. The sole f is supported by partitions g, h, and intermediate parti-
tions . The partitions 9 are radial, and arranged exactly under the middle
of each oven. The partitions on the contrary follow the direction of the
inner walls of each oven, and terminate at a certain distance from the outer
wall in order to allow of free communication between the flue formed by each
partition g and h, and by the partitions h and i. The utility of this
arrange-
ment is hereafter explained. The ovens are arranged as follows:-The side
walls c, c, are connected by an arch j. The bottom of the oven is closed by
the crown d. The entrance to the oven is closed by a door k, of cast iron
lined with fire bricks. Each door is provided with a sight hole which is
hermetically closed when the operation of combustion has been properly
regulated. The doors are coupled on uprights m, that is to say, the hinges
of two adjoining doors are pivoted or hinged on the same upright. The
bottoms of the uprights are embedded in the ground and they are all connected
at the upper part of the ovens by a belt n formed of iron bands fixed to the
uprights by screws. The sole f is on a level with the ground, to facilitate the
discharge. At the spring of the arch of each oven flues o, o, o¹, 'o³, are arranged
longitudinally which pass downwards between the walls c, c, and are directed
into the large lower flue formed between the partitions g, h, and i; these
latter terminate between the two crowns b, il, and communicate in pairs with
the chimney p. The flues o, o, are arranged so as to receive in pairs and
from each side the flame from the oven in connection therewith. The flues
0¹, o, owing to the radial narrowing of the brickwork are arranged alter-
nately so that the flame of each oven is received in each alternate flue and
alternately from each side. The flame from each oven passing by the flues
connected therewith enters between the walls c, c, descends under the sole f
and passes by the large flue between the partition h and the partition i, at

page_text: the side of which it keeps in order to pass between the partitions h and g.
The flame afterwards rises to the bottom of this last flue, passes between the
crowns b and d into a flue which leads it into the flue q communicating with
the chimney. The flue q is provided near its back end with an air hole or
damper to regulate the admission of air into the oven to diminish or increase
the draught as required; this air hole may be closed by a brick or a metal
plate. The tops of all the arches are covered in with brickwork to form a
sort of platform over the whole surface of the ovens, and on the centre of this
platform the chimney is erected. About the middle of the length of each
oven a hole s for charging the oven is formed in the arch and in the brick-
work. This hole is closed by a cover t. All the holes s are formed at an
equal distance from the centre, and rails are placed at each side of the holes
to support the wagons which supply the ovens with coal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term thercin expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS," (communicated to me
from abroad by Frederic Jean François Laumonier, of Angers, France, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Archibald Brooman,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to

page_text: be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Richard Brooman, do hereby
'declare the 'nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is'
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in constructing a circular multiple oven in manner
hereafter described. The object is to unite a quantity of ovens in a small
space, and to so arrange them that each of the ovens shall converge to the
centre of the building in order that the heat of the united ovens may be equal
for each of them. Each separate oven participates in the heat of its neigh-
bours. The flame from each oven is divided by flues spread over each side of
its walls, and produces a great heating surface upon and under the sole of the
oven. The number of converging ovens is not limited, but depends upon
the diameter to be given to the structure, but 28 ovens arranged in the
same structure will yield a great quantity of coke, with a considerable saving
in labour.
'
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the multiple oven, and Figure 2 repre-
sents two different horizontal sections and a plan of the same. Figure 3 is
an external elevation; Figures 4 and 5 show on a larger scale the arrange-
ment of the doors of the ovens and the uprights which support them; Figure 6
is a transverse section showing the arrangement of the ovens and their flucs.
The centre of the apparatus is formed by a cylindrical brick structure a,
covered by a casing 6 of refractory material. The casing 6 and structure a
are prolonged horizontally below the ovens to form a foundation b¹. About
8 or 9 inches more or less from the casing 6 is a crown d also of refractory
material; this crown is terminated at bottom by the solef of the ovens. The
sole f thus forms a circular bottom or platform of refractory material arranged
above the circular foundation 6', leaving between them a space for allowing
passage to the flame and gases from the ovens as hereafter described. As all
the ovens converge to the centre the side fire-brick walls c, c, have a slightly
radial inclination, which diminishes a little the breadth of the oven towards
the bottom. The sole f is supported by partitions g, h, and intermediate parti-
tions i. The partitions 9 are radial and arranged exactly under the middle of
each oven, (see the portion of Figure 2 comprised in the angle or segment
A, O, B.) The partitions h on the contrary follow the direction of the inner
walls of each oven and terminate at a certain distance from the outer wall in

page_text: order to allow of free communication between the flue formed by each parti-
tion g and h, and by the partitions h and i. The utility of this arrangement
is hereafter explained. The ovens are arranged as follows:-The side walls c, c,
are connected by an arch j. The bottom of the oven is closed by the crown d.
The entrance to the oven is closed by a door & of cast-iron lined with fire-
bricks; each door is provided with a sight hole l, which is hermetically closed
when the operation of combustion. has been properly regulated. The doors
are coupled or uprights m, that is to say the hinges of two adjoining doors
are pivoted or hinged on the same upright. The bottoms of the uprights are
embedded in the ground, and they are all connected at the upper part of the
ovens by a belt n, formed of iron bands fixed to the uprights by screws, (sec
Figures 3 and 4.) The sole f is on a level with the ground to facilitate the
discharge. At the spring of the arch of each oven flues 0, 0, 0¹, o¹, are arranged
longitudinally, which pass downwards between the walls c, c, and are directed
into the large lower flue formed between the partitions g, h, and i; these
latter terminate between the two crowns b, d, and communicate in pairs with
the chimney p. The flues o, o, (see Figures 1 and 6, and the portion of
Figure 2 comprised in the angle or segment A, O, C,) are arranged so as to
receive in pairs and from each side the flame from the oven in connection
therewith. The flues o¹, o', owing to the radial narrowing of the brickwork
are arranged alternately so that the flame of each oven is received in each
alternate flue and alternately from each side. The flame from each oven
passing by the flues connected therewith enters between the walls c, c, descends
under the sole f, and passes by the large flue between the partition h and
the partition i, at the side of which it keeps in order to pass between the
partitions h and g; the flame afterwards rises to the bottom of this last flue,
passes between the crowns b and d into a flue which leads it into the
flue 9 communicating with the chimney. The flue q is provided near its
back end with an air hole or damper r to regulate the admission of air into
the oven to diminish or increase the draught as required. This air hole
may be closed by a brick or a metal plate. The tops of all the arches are
covered in with brickwork to form a sort of platform over the whole surface
of the ovens, and on the centre of this platform the chimney is erected.
About the middle of the length of each oven a hole s for charging the
oven is formed in the arch and in the brickwork; this hole is closed by a
cover t. All the holes s are formed at an equal distance from the centre, and
rails are placed at each side of the holes to support the wagons which supply
the ovens with coal.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not claim arranging
a series of ovens radially round a common centre or chimney, but that I
claim constructing circular multiple coke ovens as herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of June, One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-five.