IMPROVEMENTS IN CON- DENSERS.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CON-
DENSERS.
"
Sealed the 24th September 1872, and dated the 14th June 1872.
.PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1872.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONDENSERS," to be as follows :—
These improvements have for their object to reduce the quantity of
condensing water hitherto required for producing a good vacuum in
jet condensers, and further to enable jet condensers to draw up the
greater part of the condensing water while remaining accurate in their
working.

page_text: First. By introducing a fixed central rod or spindle in the water
nozzle giving the water jet an annular form, and thereby considerably
increasing the outside surface of the jet exposed to the exhaust steam,
reducing at the same time its thickness, and avoiding thus an internal
body of cold water passing the apparatus without serving for condensing
the steam.
Second. By combining two condensers, the steam passing from one
to the other, and as it will meet in the first one with only little water
this water will be brought to a very high temperature, and may be used
for feeding the boiler; the remaining and not condensed steam will
pass into the second condenser, where it has to find the necessary quantity
of water to produce a good and effective vacuum. This vacuum will be
transferred through the first condenser on the piston of the engine just
as if there had been only one condenser. Both condensers may be air
pump condensers, or one may be a jet condenser and the other provided
with an air pump, or both may be jet condensers.
If the first condenser is a jet condenser the cold water jet has to be
a central one, cither solid or annular, being surrounded by the exhaust,
and the condensing nozzle must be made with holes in its lower part, or
must be cut or slotted or made with an opening to allow the steam not
condensed with the cold water jet to escape into the second, condenser,
the water jet alone passing the narrow throat of the condensing nozzle,
and entering the diverging tube, whence it escapes into the open air or
into any vessel or receiver. The combination also may be made such
as to take the water leaving the second condenser with the usual tempera-
ture to the first condenser, where it receives an additional heating by
the exhaust... The steam then goes from the first to the second con-
denser, and the. water flows the opposite way, that is to say, from the
second to the first. In this manner the same vacuum may be obtained
as with ordinary condensers with about only half of the condensing
water used by the latter, allowing thus of à considerable reduction in the
dimensions of the cold water pump, the boiler being thus fed with much
hotter water.
In order to make iet condensers suitable for drawing un thè maior

page_text: nozzle extending deeply into the interior of the condensing nozzle, and
provided with a mouth much. smaller in bore than the throat of the
condensing nozzle. This central nozzle is connected either with a high
level reservoir or with a pump continuously forcing a small water jet
through the apparatus.
Supposing now the water level to be below the apparatus the velocity
of the condensing water entering into the condensing nozzle would not
be sufficient to overcome the counterpressure of the atmosphere, but by
means of the small auxiliary water jet which streams out with very great
velocity, the velocity of the main jet, it will be increased so much in the
lower part of the nozzle that it will be sufficient for the discharge into
the atmosphere.
Where a pump is applied to furnish the whole quantity of condensing
water, and this pump is connected with the engine, it may prove very
useful to connect the above-mentioned central nozzle with the fresh
steam from the boiler, putting however a cock or valve between them.
Then just before starting the engine this cock or valve will be opened,
and the steam rushing through the apparatus will draw up the water and
exhaust the air in the cylinder, afterwards, the engine being started and
the pump working, the cock or valve is shut again.
Instead of one central nozzle two may be applied, one inside the
other, one or either of them connected with fresh steam, and the other
with the small force pump or with the high level reservoir both ex-
tending deeply into the condensing nozzle. With this arrangement of
nozzles I draw the majority of condensing water up by means of the
small water jet as described above, and I also establish a vacuum in
the apparatus, and draw the water up before the engine is started, as
before described.
"

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Ernst Körting, Her special license that
I;. the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS,” upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ernst Körting, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Körting, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompany.
ing Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
•
These improvements have for their object to reduce the quantity of
condensing water hitherto required for producing a good vacuum in
jet condensers and further to enable jet condensers to draw up the
greater part of the condensing water while remaining accurate in their
working.
The reducing of the quantity of condensing water is carried into
effect,―
First. By introducing a fixed central rod or spindle in the water
nozzle so as to give the water jet an annular form and thereby to increase
considerably the outside surface of the jet exposed to the exhaust steam,
thus at the same time the thickness of the jet is reduced and I avoid the

page_text: evil of an internal body of cold water passing the apparatus without
serving for condensing the steam.
Second. By combining two condensers, steam passing from one to the
other, and as in the first condenser the steam will meet with only a
little water, this water will be brought to a very high temperature and
may be used for feeding the boiler; the remaining and non-condensed
steam will pass into the second condenser, in which it will have to find
the necessary quantity of water to produce a good and effective vacuum.
This vacuum will be transferred through the first condenser on the
piston of the engine just as if there had been only one condenser. Both
condensers may be air pump condensers, or one of them may be a jet
condenser, and the other of them provided with an air pump, or both
may be jet condensers.
If the first condenser is a jet condenser the cold water jet has to be
a central one, either solid or annular, being surrounded by the exhaust,
and the condensing nozzle must be made with holes in its lower part
or must be cut or slotted or made with an opening to allow the steani
not condensed with the cold water jet to escape into the second con-
denser, the water jet alone passing the narrow throat of the condensing
nozzle and entering the diverging tube, whence it escapes into the open
air or into any vessel or receiver. The combination also may be such
as to take the water leaving the second condenser with the usual tem-
perature to the first condenser, where it receives an additional heating
by the exhaust. The steam then goes from the first to the second
condenser and the water flows the opposite way, that is to say, from the
second to the first. In this manner the same vacuum may be obtained
as with ordinary condensers with about only half of the condensing
water used by the latter, thus allowing of a considerable reduction in
the dimensions of the cold water pump, the boiler therefore being fed
with much hotter water.
In order to make jet condensers suitable for drawing up the major
part of the condensing water I form the herein-before mentioned fixed
rod or spindle tubular or hollow so that it shall serve as a nozzle
extending deeply into the interior of the condensing nozzle and provide
it with a mouth much smaller in bore or sectional area than the throat
of the condensing nozzle. This central nozzle is connected either with
a high level reservoir or with a pump continuously forcing a small water
jet through the apparatus.

page_text: Supposing now the water level to be below the apparatus the velocity
of the condensing water entering into the condensing nozzle would not
be sufficient to overcome the counterpressure of the atmosphere, but
by means of the small auxiliary water jet which streams out with very
great velocity, the velocity of the main jet will be increased so much.
in the lower part of the nozzle that it will be sufficient for the discharge
into the atmosphere.
When a pump is applied to supply the whole quantity of condensing
water and this pump is connected with the engine it may be very useful
to connect the above-mentioned central nozzle with the fresh steam from
the boiler, but care must be taken to place a cock or valve between
them. Just before starting the engine this cock or valve will be opened,
and the steam rushing through the apparatus will draw up the water
and exhaust the air in the cylinder, after which the engine being started
and the pump working the cock or valve is shut again.
.
Instead of one central nozzle two may be applied one inside the other,
one or either of them being connected with fresh steam, and the other'
with the small force pump or with the high level reservoir, both
extending deeply into the condensing nozzle. With this arrangement
of nozzles I draw the greater part of the condensing water up by means
of the small water jet as above described, and I also establish a vacuum
in the apparatus and draw the water up before the engine is started as
hofove dosorihód

page_text: nozzle c, thus exposing by means of its annular form a large surface to
the steam entering into the said nozzle e through the passage d. The
exhaust steam will be condensed on the surface of the water jet and
therefore a vacuum is produced in the nozzle e, and will be maintained
by the continuous combining of steam and water. The vacuum is
transferred upon the piston of the engine or the vessel in which the
vacuum is to be made. The water jet having passed the nozzle e enters
the narrow throat of the diverging tube f made in one piece with the
condensing nozzle e, and the sectional area of this narrow throat is only
very little larger than the sectional area of the jet when leaving the
water nozzle b, so that it is quite filled up by the water jet and the
air contained in the water and in the steam. The water jet then
flowing through the diverging tube ƒ converts its velocity into pressure
again so that it thus becomes enabled to leave the condenser without
requiring any other means of pushing or forcing it out against the
pressure or resistance of the atmosphere.
In case no head of water is at disposal and the condensing water
has to be drawn up by the condenser, then the spindle g which always
extends far into the condensing nozzle e is bored through, and a jet of
water or steam is discharged with high pressure through this opening
into the nozzle e and the throat of the diverging tube f. This jet of
water or steam imparts a new impulse and an increase of velocity to
the jet of condensing water, which enters already with a certain velocity
into the nozzle by means of the vacuum produced therein, and this new
impulse and the heating of the jet in case the auxiliary jet was steam
only takes place where the condensation of the exhaust. has already
been finished. This impulse and the resulting velocity are sufficient
to enable the water to leave the apparatus against the resistance of
the atmosphere, notwithstanding it had been drawn up from a lower
level.
There is a great advantage in causing the bored rod or spindle to
extend far beyond the mouth of the water nozzle, because the com-
mingling of the exhaust and water jet begins at the moment the water
jet leaves the mouth of the water nozzle, and it is naturally an advantage
for the exhaust to meet the water as cold as possible. Now if the jet
discharged out of the bored spindle were fresh steam this steam would
heat the water jet, but if this heating takes place where the conden-
sation of the exhaust has already been finished, that is to say, nearly
•

page_text: at the end of the condensing nozzle, then it will remain without any
prejudicial influence on the vacuum and on the condensation of the
exhaust.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a jet condenser constructed on the
same principle but intended for large engines. The water jet is much
enlarged in condensing surface by combining it with the exhaust inside
as well as outside, and by making the annular passage of the water jet
very thin, increasing at the same time the diameter of the ring propor-
tionally. The throat of the diverging tube is also made annular by
fitting a central body n into the diverging tube, of which the increase
in area is obtained by gradually diminishing the area of the said body.
The letters of reference in this Figure, the same as those in Figure 1,
mark similar parts to those indicated by the same letters of reference in
Figure 1.
n is a central piece fitted to the diverging tube in order to make its
narrowest part annular. The working of the apparatus, Figure 2, is in
every respect similar to the apparatus, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a jet condenser in which the cou-
densing surface of the water is increased by increasing the distance from
the discharge mouth of the water nozzle to the throat of the tube f. In
order to keep the jet of water in its straight direction guiding nozzles m
are interposed between the parts b and f, the number of which nozzles
may be varied according to the size of the apparatus. The same letters
of reference as those in Figure 1 mark similar parts to those marked by
such letters in Figure 1. The water jet may be solid or it may be made 2
annular by fitting a spindle into the water nozzle, as in Figure 1.
.. The working of the apparatus is the same as before explained in
reference to Figure 1.
.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement of the jet con-
denser intended to be used in combination with another condenser, 3
either jet condenser or air pump condenser, for the purpose of reducing
the quaniity of condensing water by imparting to it n hinhos tamanna

page_text: The working of the apparatus is as follows:-The vacuum produced in
the second condenser draws the steam with great power out of the
opening h, and causes it to pass with great velocity the condensing
nozzle e, in which it is brought into combination with the cold water jet
discharged out of the nozzle b; this water jet must be only very small
compared with the quantity of steam, and on its way to the nozzle fit
will therefore be brought to a very high temperature. The remainder
of the steam not condensed with this water jet escapes into the second
condenser through the opening h, and the water jet being kept in its
direction by the guiding nozzles m in case the distance from the discharge
mouth of the water nozzle e to the throat of the diverging tube ƒ was
great will leave the apparatus in the same manner as explained before.
The water jet may be solid or it may be made annular by means of â
fixed spindle fitted into the water nozzle, and in case of the water having
to be drawn up the spindle must be bored for passing a jet of water or
steam with high pressure. This combination of two condensers may be
advantageously arranged in such manner that the water from the second
and last condenser afterwards passes through the first one where its
temperature is much increased, and the exhaust not condensed in the
first condenser escapes into the second where it is entirely condensed and
the vacuum is produced. The water discharged out of the first con-
denser may be used with great advantage for feeding the boiler by reason
of its high temperature.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation representing a jet condenser which
combines in a single apparatus the two condensers herein-before men-
tioned. The same letters of reference as in Figure 4 represent similar
parts.
k is the condensing nozzle of the last condenser; i is the passage for
the exhaust into this condensing nozzle; h is a passage through which
the exhaust not condensed in the first or heating condenser is conveyed
to the second, or definitive, or last one.
The working of this apparatus is as follows:-The exhaust from the
engine passes through the opening c into the condensing nozzle è, where
it combines with the water jet discharging from the nozzle k, and is
there condensed as far as the temperature of the water allows. If the
length of the nozzle e is considerable the straight direction of the water
jet is maintained by fitting the nozzle with guiding nozzles m, m.. The

page_text: ·
water jet then leaves the apparatus through the diverging tube f, and the
exhaust steam not yet condensed passes through the passage / and the
passage into the nozzle k where it meets the cold water jet streaming
out of the nozzle b, and as a great amount of the steam has been con-
densed already in the nozzle e a very good vacuum is obtained with
comparatively little cold water, and the water being discharged out of
the tube with high temperature can be used with great advantage for
feeding the boiler.
.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. The construction and employment of jet condensers provided
with a fixed central spindle either solid or bored through in the water
nozzle extending far beyond the mouth of the water nozzle into the
condensing nozzle for the purpose of increasing the condensing surface
of the water jet and of serving as a guide in its straight direction,
substantially as herein-before described in reference to Figure 1.
Second. The construction and employment of jet condensers with
arrangements for forming the narrowest passage or throat of the
diverging tube annular as well as the mouth of the water nozzle, and to
allow the exhaust steam to commingle with the annular water jet, both
inside and outside of its annular body, for the purpose of increasing the
cooling surface of the water jet, substantially as hercin-before described
in reference to Figure 2.
Third. The construction and employment of jet condensers provided
with guiding nozzles to secure the straight direction of the water jet
between the discharge of the water nozzle and the narrowest passage or
throat of the diverging tube, substantially as described with reference to
Figure 3.
Fourth. The arrangement of jet condensers interposed between the
vessel in which a vacuum or partial vacuum must be obtained and the
last condenser so as to allow the steam not condensed in the first con-
denser to pass into the second one, substantially as described in reference
to Figure 4.
Fifth. The construction and employment of a combination of two
jet condensers in one apparatus so as to compel the steam coming from
the vessel in which a vacuum is to be obtained to meet in the first

page_text: condenser the water already heated in the second one, and to allow the
steam not condensed in the first condenser to pass into the second con-
denser where the vacuum is produced, the first condenser serving as a
heater of the condense water by the exhaust itself, substantially as
herein-before described in reference to Figure 6.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
0 Witness,
W. ROER.
E. KÖRTING. (L.S.)