IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORE, AND FOR SEPARATING CRUSHED ORES AND
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Reuben Krom, of New York City,
in the County and State of New York, in the United States of
America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORE, AND FOR SEPARATING CRUSHED ORES AND
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Stephen Reuben Krom at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 26th March 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STEPHEN
REUBEN KROM, of New York City, in the County and State of New
York, in the United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORE, AND FOR SEPARATING CRUSHED
ORES AND ANALOGOUS FINE AND GRANULAR MATERIAL OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC
A

page_text: Figures 1ª and 1º give two views of certain removable and exchange-
able picces, usually termed shimming picces; and Figure 1° shows a
section through one of certain hollow washers or breaking cups employed
Figures 1º and 1º give two views of certain removable and exchange-
able picces, usually termed shimming pieces; and Figure 1° shows a
section through one of certain hollow washers or breaking cups employed
under the nuts to be broken when the strain is excessive.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in these
Figures wherever they occur.
I make the stout framing A', A2, etc., in several parts capable of being
readily separated for more convenient transportation.
In some situations it is important to be able to transport the machines
at short intervals over bad roads, and sometimes even on the backs of
animals. The division of the framing into four parts in connection with
my means of connecting them for use affords an important advantage in
this repect. B; B, arc longitudinal through bolts provided with nuts
and with hollow washers 6₁ of thin cast iron indicated in section in
Figure 1, and in elevation in Figure 1. In case of an extraordinary
strain in consequence of receiving a hammer head, drill points, or the
like, into the crusher the hollow washers still further insure against a
breakage of any important part by providing breaking places additional
to the peculiar provisions to be described below. The crushing of these
washers b', which may be employed at both ends or at either end of the
machine, will relieve the strain, and prevent the fracture of the more
important parts. The jaw C is held back to a tight bearing on the
double toggle D, D, by means of one or more rods F connecting it with
a cross bar through the medium of a sufficient mass of rubber G. A
thumb nut f allows the tension of this rubber G to be varied. The
toggles D, D, are operated from the stout cranked shaft H by a con-
necting link I, which carries also breaking cups m conveniently placed
to crush whenever the resistance becomes too great. It is at these points
rather than by a break of the hollow washers 6¹ that I prefer the
machine to yield whenever the resistance becomes too great. The strain
on thic cups m is gentle in comparison with that on the washers b₁, and
a cheap and easily replaceable hollow casting may be employed, so as to
allow the fracture to be repaired with little expense, and only a few"
moment's delay. The link I is equipped with boxes to embrace the
crank, the construction causing the strain or crushing to be felt
cutirely in the up motion, the breaking cups m are mounted above the
cap or binder; but the breaking cups might by a slight modification of

page_text: the construction be placed under the lower box, so as to serve in
receiving the strain, and allowing the parts to yield in the opposite
direction if the other parts should be modified so as to involve a strain
in that direction, as here shown. The upward movement of the link I
induces the closing of the jaw C by acting on the double toggle D, D.
The construction of these parts is such as allows a considerable variation
in the extent of motion of the jaw by simply removing the toggle
pieces D, D, and introducing others which are differently formed on
their rolling faces.
In Figure 2 it will be seen that the small bead d at each end of these
parts is simply to support the weight, and maintain the proper position
of the toggle pieces. The end strain is all received on the rolling sur-
faces D¹, D'. These may be portions of true cylinders, or they may be
variously modified. On removing the thumb nut f, and thus liberating
the rod F, the jaw C may be swung forward sufficiently to allow the
toggle pieces D' to be successfully displaced, and others substituted. If
the substituted toggle pieces be longer or shorter than those removed,
but with the same form of the ends, the jaw C will vibrate to about the
same extent as before; but its mean opening will be greater or less
than before. If with the same length of the toggle pieces D a different
form of their rolling ends D¹ be adopted the motion of the jaw C from a
given vertical movement of the link I will be greater or less. By pro-
viding several sets of toggle pieces, each differing a little from the others,
I can with little labor or delay vary sufficiently the action of the machine
to adopt it to all ordinary varieties of work.
I propose to compensate for the gradual wear which is inevitable on
the face of the crushing jaw C, and of the adjacent surface, by substi-
tuting successively longer toggle pieces D, D. Another plan, which I can
substitute or use in connection, is to introduce shimming pieces in the
joint between the stout end pieces A¹, A³, and the adjacent side frames A.
Figures 1° and 1 show two views of one of the shimming pieces.
When it becomès necessary to compensate for wear I slack the nuts b
and remove the shimming pieces, and again set up the nuts when the
framing will be found contracted by the thickness of the shimming
picces, and the jaw C will in consequence work correspondingly closer.
In practice I propose to introduce three or more shimming pieces
in each joint, and remove them one at a time as it becomes necessary.

page_text: I form the breaking cups 6' and m of cast iron. A sufficient stock
being provided they are to be successively introduced after removing
the fragments of the preceding cup. The depth of each cup m should
be somewhat greater than the whole motion of the link I, so that in
case of the crusher being tightly filled with an unyielding material
the link I may,
after the fracture of the cups m, stand idly resting
on the cross bar or stop A³, and allow the crank to play idly around
without causing any motion to the jaw C.
Another good plan would be to make the holes through the flange
of the cap so as to allow the nut which rests on the breaking cup to pass
completely through when the cup is broken, thus allowing the link to
fall away completely.
The bolts B connecting the sectional framing may be very readily
applied and removed, and by their position they receive the strain,
directly relieving the framing of most of the strain due to ordinary
arrangements. This construction also enables me to make a very light
frame in comparison to the plan of making the frame of one solid
casting.
The frictional connection of the fly wheel may be also sometimes
available by slipping around when for any reason all the other safe-
guards fail or do not become effective in time.
The second part of the Invention applies to machinery for crushing
by means of rollers instead of levers. I have devised means for making
rollers efficient and durable in the crushing of very intractable material.
The rollers may be used to further crush the granulated or finely broken
material from the lever machine above described, or they may be used
independently.
The Invention relates to the surfacing with rings of hard materials,
to gearing the rollers from opposite ends, to means for conveniently
adjusting the distance of the axes of the rollers as they become smaller,
provisions for conveniently turning off the surfaces, the construction
of the framing for strength, and conveniently putting together and
taking apart, and provisions for allowing the rolls to yield apart when
they receive material which cannot be crushed, or when the strain
becomes too great.
The entire machine is planned with a view to great efficiency, with
moderate expense, and limited bulk and weight.

page_text: The following is a description of what I consider the best means of
carrying out this part of the Invention:-
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 4 is a side view, and Figure 5
is a front view of the entire machine.
Figure 6 is a front view of the main portion of the machine as
provided with an attachment arranged according to my Invention
for turning off the working surfaces of the rolls; Figure 7 is a cross
section through the front portion of the machine and attachment;
and Figure 8 is a sectional view showing the construction of the
rolls; it is a section in the plane of the axis.
Similar letters indicate like parts in these Figures 4 to 8 inclusive.
A is a cast-iron bed supported firmly on a foundation of timber
or other suitable material; A³, A³, are stout movable frames adjustable
in position thereon by the aid of bolts a, a, standing in long slots
in the lower portion, as will be readily understood. These adjustable
frames or housings A² and A² support the axes of rolls M, and by.
reason of one of them being changeable in position may adjust the
distances of the axes apart, as may be required; B, B, are the stout
shafts which support the rolls M. They are mounted in the housings
A¹, A², as shown, and each carries on an overhanging end a stout
gear wheel B¹, B¹. These rolls are arranged so that their gear wheels
stand on opposite ends. They may be thus much larger than would
be practicable if they were made to mesh directly together. The
driving shaft C receives motion by means of a pulley c actuated
by a belt, not represented, from a steam engine or other motor. The
driving shaft C carries two stout spur gear wheels C¹, C²; one of
these, C², meshes directly into one of the gear wheels B³, and con-
sequently drives directly one of the rolls. The other and corresponding
gear wheel C¹ meshes into a corresponding gear wheel D¹ which is
mounted loosely on an adjustable pivot D, and meshes into and drives
the other gear wheel B¹ which is fixed on the shaft of the other roller.
Thus the two rolls M, M, are turned towards each other with a strong
and steady motion precisely as if they geared together, but with the
advantage of having larger gear wheels, and consequently a larger
leverage and less strain on the teeth, and a degree of adjustability :
toward and from each other which would not be otherwise attainable..

page_text: When the rolls are required to be drawn together it is accomplished
by first lowering the adjustable loose gear D¹, and moving one of the
housings A² into the required position by screwing up the nuts on the
bolts E, E. The strain is received on stout bolts E, E, which extend
directly through and across between the housings A¹, A², and are pro-
vided with stout nuts. They are threaded for a sufficient distance to.
allow of all the adjustment which may be necessary.
In the act of adjusting the rollers as above described or immediately
afterward, and before the machine is used, the nuts on the bolts E, E,
must be also adjusted. The hold by means of the bolts a is slight.
I prefer to set down the nuts on these bolts lightly, so that in case
of any great strain when the hold, by means of the stout bolts E, E,
is relaxed the housings A2, A2, may slip apart. I provide for this
yielding of the bolts E, E, by placing under cach of the nuts on the
bolts E, E, hollow and weak washers of cast iron, as shown by Figure 1º,
and described in treating of the first part of the Invention. These
washers marked G are sufficiently strong to bear all the strain to which
the machine may be properly subjected; but in case a very extra-
ordinary strain is thrown on the machine by reason of something
harder than the rock, the quartz or ore getting between the rolls
M, M, the washers G will crush or break and allow one of the
housings to move on the bed A, and consequently let the rollers
M, M, separate. After such an occurrence the machine will of course
be incapable of proper action until it is again adjusted, and new
washers G supplied; but this can be done in a few minutes with
little labor or skill.
In many cases it will be desirable to place stout springs behind the
housing A, as shown in Figure 4, by E. For this purpose I have con-
structed a nest of steel springs capable of bearing a load of about 15
tons, and yet having motion left to yield enough when a greater strain
is put on the rolls. In practice when the springs are used the nuts (e)
are placed on the bolts E so as to allow the housings A² to be placed at
a proper distance from the others A¹. Then the nuts (el) are screwed
up, compressing the springs until the housings remain firm in position"
under all ordinary work; but when undue strain comes on the rolls the
springs will yield.
I can construct the rolls M, M, of chilled iron, franklinite, or various:
other materials at the surface, but I will describe them as of cast steelt

page_text: forgings, which I find by trial is perfectly practicable and prefer. They
may have various degrees of hardness imparted by the ordinary or any
suitable processes; but I will describe them as being of steel in its
ordinary condition due to moderately rapid cooling. The periphery is in
the form of a solid ring of the proper width. Its exterior is cylindrical
and its ends or edges plain, but its inner surface is bored or otherwise
produced with a slight taper in two directions. The material is thickest
in the middle, and is thinner towards each end. M is the surface ring.
It is supported on nearly the whole of its double tapering inner face or
faces by means of the two tapering rings M², M². The latter are secured
by keys or feathers, so that they are compelled to revolvo with the
shaft B, and are nicely finished around their peripheries to match the
respective inclined surfaces on the interior of the surface ring M. The
under rings M1, M2, are drawn firmly together by bolts m, having their
heads and nuts sunk in the rings as represented in Figure 8. To increase
the firmness with which the rings can be put together I have cut the
rings through at one side so that when they are drawn together they
will spring enough to tighten on the shaft.
-
If a high degree of hardness is imparted to the surface ring M it will
increase its durability in crushing quartz or other refractory materials,
but it will interfere with the process of turning, which I will now
describe-H is a temporary frame which is bolted in place on the front
of the housing A². This temporary frame H carries all the mechanism
for a slide rest I, which receives proper tools with points of hardened
steel adapted to cut into the hard ring M and turn it off true. I can if
preferred carry on this slide rest a revolving stone of very hard grit or
any other approved means of treating hard surfaces, but I will describe
the mechanism briefly as carrying simply turning tools:-I is the slide
rest, and i, i, are tools carried therein. Each tool may be set forward by
the aid of a screw, as represented, or it may be simply driven forward
by a blow of a hammer or other means to the right spot, and there held
by the cross pieces and bolts represented. J is an actuating screw
actuated by a wheel J', which is mounted on the overhanging end, and
may be turned by hand when required.
In the regular operation of the machine I introduce the gear wheel K¹
fixed to a pulley K* and mounted on the pin k, which is supported as
represented on the removable frame H. This pulley K² is driven by a
nrraow belt, not represented, from one of the shafts B of the large ger

page_text: wheels B', as will be readily understood. In the operation of the turning
of the rolls the machine must be driven by a smaller pulley from the
main shaft, or by slowing the engine, or by other means so as to revolve
the rolls at a very moderate rate of speed. The feed screw J gives a
slow traverse to the tools i, i, across the face of the ring M so as to turn
it off in the same manner as any ordinary lathe work with these two
plain simple tools i mounted side by side on the same slide rest, the first
to remove the main portion and prepare the surface for the better action
of the other. The necessity of thus using two tools becomes greater in
proportion as the chances are increased of finding very hard crystals or
other flinty matter embedded in the rolls. The material of the surface
portion of the rolls M, M, may be formed by casting, forging, or any
approved method. I can turn both rings M, M, by placing the
mechanism H, I, successively on the front and back of the machine.
It is practicable to make the surfaces of my crushing rolls of Martin,
Bessemer, or similar steel rings or bands, manufactured in the same
manner as locomotive tires or car wheel tires, or they may be forged
bands.
The Martin steel as already manufactured for me for this purpose
produces a material which is hard and tough, but not so hard as to
prevent fitting and turning true whenever worn by use.
The third part of the Invention relates to mechanism for separating.
I have devised means whereby mineral and earthy material of different
kinds may be separated rapidly by means of their differing specific
gravities even when the differences are but slight. I use intermittent
jets or puffs, which agitate the granular matter on the perforated bed
and allow it in moving forward thercon to separate by the difference in
specific gravity, the heavier masses sinking and the lighter rising under
the peculiar conditions thus induced. I discharge the lighter material
over a dam or obstruction into one vessel or receptacle, while the heavy
material is conducted down into another and is discharged from such
other passage slowly, holding the passage always filled to hold back a
proper accumulation of material at the top. Some of these above-named
features have been before known and approved.
My Invention relates to details of the mechanism by which I increase
the efficiency of the machine with a given expenditure of power and a
given area of perforated bed, and by which I am able to act with the

page_text: highest degree of efficiency with varying speeds of the machine, and am
also able to better protect the mechanism from dust, &c., and to better
regulate or graduate the discharge of the material.
Experiment has demonstrated that increasing the suddenness of the
upward stroke of the bellows, and introducing the ore on the ore bed
very close to such bed, or, as I prefer to term it in an under current, has
the effect to avoid the necessity for a great length of the perforated bed.
I am able to separate the ore or other granular material on a very
short length, and consequently can with a given area of space occupied
by the machine greatly increase what may be termed the width of the
ore bed, so that its width, considered relatively to the motion of the
granular matter thereon, is much greater than its length.
My improvements are intended to increase the efficiency and perfec-
tion of the separation, and to overcome difficulties which have been
heretofore experienced. One of the difficulties has been a tendency of
the air to blow upward through or past the layer of material at the
edges. The air seems to find an easier passage along the smooth side of
a gate or enclosing surface than through the more sinuous spaces
through the centre of the same layer. It is a frequent occurrence to
find the material along each edge blown up more violently than upon
the other portions of the layer. I have overcome this by simple and
novel means, have devised means for increasing the suddenness with
which the air is thrown up through the bed, have arranged to interpose
a valve between a continuous blowing means and the bed in a position
practically nearer to the bed than in any former machine; have devised
means for closing the valve more promptly and completely; have
provided a capacious chamber for the air close to the valve, which serves
to equalize the flow of the air from the blowing means, and increase the
vigor of the intermittent jets; have devised a new form for the delivery
passage or passages which graduates the delivery from the different
portions of the ore bed, and have provided means for more delicate and
convenient variations of the rate of delivery. I have constructed several
machines containing these improvements differently carried out. I will
first describe the simplest.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 9 is a vertical section; Figures
9° and 9' represent a portion thereof, which I term the ore bed. Figure
0 i a longitudinal section, and Figure 9' is a plan view: Figure 10 is

page_text: general perspective view of the entire machine, with the end case open.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all these Figures.
A, A, is a fixed framework carrying the different working and other
parts of the machine; D is a hinged door to cover the working. parts at
the end.
T' is a trip wheel; B is a device for giving intermittent puffs of air,
and which is here shown as of bellows form; I is said bellows shaft or
rocking shaft; S is a contractile spring; L is an arm which takes hold
of the bellows shaft I. This arm carries a roller, against which the trip
wheel Tacts.
W is a ratchet wheel to give a comparatively slow motion to a rich
ore delivery or discharging device, and which is here represented as a
corrugated roller R; O is the ore bed; C is the cavity for rich ore or the
heaviest granular matter to flow slowly down; G is the gate to regulate
the delivery of ore on the bed O; G¹ is a gate to regulate the depth of
ore on the ore bed and the overflow of tailings; H is the hopper, in
which to introduce the orc or other granular material to be separated;
T is the trip shaft.
Y', Y, are the front and rear plates or sides of the fixed framework
forming the cavity C; V, V, are the valves which receive the air into the
space above the bellows B; Z is a piece of soft leather or other tight
and flexible material, which prevents the escape of air at the rear of the
bellows. The front of the bellows is made to run in nearly air-tight
contact with the curved rear face of the longitudinal picce Ys. Ore being
placed in the hopper H, and the mechanism being set in motion, as cach
projection on the trip wheel T¹ comes in contact with the roller on the.
lever L, said lever is thrown back, and the bellows B is carried down.
The moment the projection on the trip wheel passes the roller on the
lever L the spring S quickly carries the lever and bellows back to their
original position, and forces the air above through the ore bed O, and
agitates the ore lying thereon. Each puff of air tends to lift the lighter
portion to the surface, and allow the heavier portion to sink to the
bottom. The lighter portion is thrown to the surface, and carried
forward over the gate G', while the heavy or rich ore works downward ;.
it sinks as fast as room is made by the displacement of ore at the
bottom.

page_text: inner or supporting sheet may be varied within considerable limits,
according to the uses for which the machine is intended. For most
purposes hard brass is the best material for the wire. By this my
improved ore bed I am enabled to effect a more perfect separation and.
to "concentrate" in a shorter distance, expending the force employed
on a greater width of ore bed relatively to the travel of ore over it,
instead of wasting it over a long ore bed.
The discharging passage is peculiarly formed to equalize the descent.
of the heavy material and make it correspond with the quantity of
heavy material which is separated along each portion of the hollow bars
of the bed. The heavy matter will usually become separated as soon.
as the material descends from the hopper and reaches the bed O; and
I have in some experiments made my discharge for the heavy particles
more rapid near the hopper H or gate G, but I consider it an advantage
to make the most rapid descent of the heavy particles near or at the
front gate G¹, for the reason that it obviates the danger of ore.
accumulating at the front gate G² and being lost in the overflow of
tailings. In other words I have discovered that it is desirable to
discharge more rapidly from the front or advanced portions of the bed
than from the back or first portions thereof, and I effect these ends by
giving an oblique form to the back of the discharging passage, so that
the material is largely supported by the bounding walls of the passage
on that side while it is free to descend vertically on the front side.
The resistance from the mutual friction of the granular particles
tends to hold back on the central portions and back portions in
addition to the retardation due to the oblique position of the back,
while the particles at the immediate front of the passage experience
none of this retardation and descend with the most freedom. The
descent therefore is unusually rapid at the front. A single discharging
wheel controls the discharge from the passage from the entire bed.
.
For some uses I propose to employ two ore beds, one delivering its
tailings upon the other with two discharge rollers, two ratchet wheels,
and two pawls. They may be on the same end or on opposite ends of
the machine, and in either case they are separately adjustable; so that
when it is desirable to discharge more heavy material from the first
bed without affecting the discharge from the second it is necessary
simply to change the extent of the motion of the pawl which works.

page_text: the first discharging wheel, or in case of the gearing, if employed,
change the size of the wheels. By means of this double discharge I
can make two complete separations, so as to divide the matter into
three separated quantities or sorts in a single machine: This is
obviously important in cases where there may be two kinds of metals,
as for example lead and zinc mingled with the lighter earthy matter.
With such double discharge as with the single the form of cach
discharge should be as here shown, that is to say, the front overhung
and the back shelving, so as to partially support the material.
My means for regulating the motion of the discharge roller is shown
very fully as applied to a single discharging wheel in Figure 10. The
trip wheel T¹ has a radial slot which carries an adjustable pin, and this
pin carries the pawl P which at each reciprocation induced by the crank
motion of the adjustable pin takes or engages in fine teeth on the surface
of the large wheel W. I have represented these teeth as being quite
coarse, but they may be graduated to any degree of fineness, or what is
preferable in some cases, I have two or more of these toothed wheels
of different sized teeth. By this means the action of the device may be
controlled with almost mathematical nicety in a great variety of inter-
mediate positions:
I overcome the difficulty due to the blowing of the air idly upward
along the edges by obstructing the air along those lines. The gate G
which controls the discharge from the hopper H might be simply a
plane plate made sharp at its lower edge. I prefer to retain a sharp
edge at the bottom, though this is not very important; but whether
sharpened or not I bend the lower edge forward so as to describe a quick
curve as shown. The granular material spreads itself on the upper side
of this curve, and the air in consequence is no longer liable to blow
upward with extra force along the face of the gate. I make an over-
hanging in the opposite direction at the upper edge of the back of the
adjustable gate G₁ which controls the discharge of the light material.
The bend or overhanging backward near the upper edge produces an
effect somewhat different from that of the curve at the other, the
receiving end of the bed, but agreeing in its result; it prevents the too
violent blowing upward of the air. The extent of the curvature and
overhanging of the gates may be varied somewhat, but I prefer the form
represented; it serves to prevent the undue blowing up. I avoid any

page_text: such evil at the sides of the bed by providing a plane portion or strip
which is unperforated along each edge.
It will be understood that the forms and proportions of the parts may
be varied somewhat, but I have found that the success of the separation
is dependent on nice conditions, particularly with some material. I
have given the best proportions known to me.
My ore bed may be used with water instead of air as the fluid which
is thrown up intermittently through the ore bed to effect the separation:.
The remaining Figures represent certain modifications of the
mechanism which are under some circumstances preferable.
Figure 11 is an end elevation of an entire machine, the door at the.
end standing open with a portion of the framing broken away; Figure 12
is a cross section of the same.
Figure 13 is an end elevation with the door or hinged part thrown
open; Figure 14 is a portion of a longitudinal section; and, Figure 15
is a cross section, all showing still another modification. Similar letters
of reference indicate corresponding parts in all these Figures.
I will describe in detail only the last modification :—
Referring to Figures 13, 14, and 15, A, A, is a fixed framework; T is.
a main driving shaft; and C is a trip wheel fixed thereon which operates
the valve for inducing the puffs, and also the pawl for operating the
delivery. D is the valve, it is fixed on arms D₁ which extend from a
rocking shaft d governed by an arm D² which is fixed on an overhanging
end of the shaft, as will appear further on; I is the ore bed.
The air for my puffs is furnished by a blower, air pump, or other
efficient means for inducing a sufficiently strong pressure. The blowing
means, not represented, forces the air through a pipe U¹ into a capacious
chamber U which is near the bed I. The valve D controls the passages.
between this chamber U and the interiors of the several hollow bars in ..
the bed. The valve is a long flat strip of wood or metal made true and-
straight on the upper surface, and fitted air-tight to the valve seat D³, :
and preferably faced with rubber or analogous soft material which
allows it to strike suddenly at rapidly recurring intervals without injury.
and with little noise. The valve opens downward, admitting compressed.
air from the reservoir U into the space P immediately above the valve.
)

page_text: which is merely a channel extending along the ends of the hollow bars
in the bed, and without any room for expansion and softening of the
shock; the air darts directly into the hollow bars, and upward and
outward therefrom through the perforations. The construction provides
the smallest possible space between the valve and the hollow bars of the
bed. The reservoir U by the elasticity of the air therein equalizes the
action so that the flow through the passage U may be constant, or
nearly so, while the discharge through the valve D is opened and closed
at rapidly recurring intervals, preferably at the rate of four hundred and
fifty to five hundred, or even more per minute.
I open
the valve by the percussion of a moving weight and make the
action thereby unusually rapid and efficient. The several projections on
the trip wheel C alternately depress and liberate a roller G which turns
on a pin fixed in the hammer F. This latter slides in the fixed
guides a, a, so that it can move only in a vertical direction, and is
pressed upward with a graduated force by means of the spiral spring E,
which surrounds its lower end and acts against a collar fixed in variable
positions by means of a nut e and a jam nut which holds it securely in
position. When it is desired to increase the force of the ascent of the
hammer F it is necessary simply to unscrew the jam nut and depress the
nut e, then tighten the jam nut again. The upper end of the hammer F
is provided with a cushion f of leather, raw hide, rubber, wood, or any
substance which allows the hammer to impart its velocity to the
lever D³ with slight noise. At each passage of a tooth on the trip
wheel C the hammer rises actively, and striking the lever D² opens the
valve D in opposition to the tension of a spring O, which immediately
afterward closes the valve D again. There is an adjustable stop A
correspondingly cushioned and adjustable by means of a screw thread
and jam nut, as will be readily understood, which arrests the motion of
the lever D² when the hammer tends from any cause to open the valve
too wide. I prefer to adjust the nut e on the hammer F, so that the
spring E tends to throw the hammer actively upward to a position very
close to, but not quite touching, the lever D². The hammer rises above
that position at each blow, but only by its momentum, and the spring E
offers no resistance to the descent of the lever D² again. The descent
of the lever, and consequently the closing of the valve, is effected with
sufficient force and rapidity by the tension of the spring O, which is
adjustable in force by means of the nuts 01, 0%, on the threaded rod

page_text: represented. When it is desired to close the valve D more rapidly the
nuts O¹, 0², are screwed upward on the rod, thereby causing the spring O
to be drawn, down with more force. It will be understood that the
nuts O¹, 0², act on the opposite faces of a suitable boss or arm on the
framework A. of the machine.
It is important that the force of the puff be sufficient, and that the
puffs be sharply made, but it is not absolutely essential to success that
the valve be opened by percussion. The percussion opening is very
important where, from crude driving power or from other cause the
motion is irregular, because however slowly the machine may operate
the percussion opening will always operate with the same suddenness and
sharpness; and as the valve shutting is effected with springs it will
always shut with equal speed, and the variation will be all in the length
of time during which the valve remains shut, which is not important,
except in economy of time, so long as it is sufficient to allow the
material to fall after each puff. Where the speed may be steady, as
when a separator is driven by a well regulated engine, the valve may be
opened by the projections on the trip wheel C, as shown in Figures 11
and 12, and 'the machine will be simpler. The other features of the
Invention are not affected by this substitution of one opening device for
another in different cases.
Figure 11 shows how, by means of the nuts as shown, the extent of
opening of the valve may be graduated with any desired degree of
nicety.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
carrying the same into practice, I would have it understood that in the
first part of the Invention, Figures 1, 2, and 3, I claim,-
1. The arrangement of the tie bolts B in or parallel to the line of
the strain, as herein specified.
2. The sectional framing A, A', A³, and longitudinal tie bolts B in
combination with each other, and with the other operative parts C, D,
I, H, of an ore crushing machine, as specified.
3. The hollow washers 6' on the tie bolts B, in combination with the
stout framing A, A1, A2, and with the parts C, D, I, H, as specified.
4. The breaking cups m in combination with the link I and con-
nections D, D, to the crushing jaw C, as specified.
T

page_text: 5. The adjustable toggles D, D, in combination with the crushing
jaw C, and link I, as specified.
6. The crushing machine described operating by a vibrating jaw Ơ,
and having the two sets of breaking cups m and 6¹ so arranged that the
breaking of either set will relieve the machine from over strain as 5
herein specified.
7. In an ore crushing machine the frictional connection of the fly
wheel, as shown in Figure 3 of Sheet 1, for the purpose specified.
In the second part of the Invention, Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, I
claim,―
8. The housings A', A³, fixed slightly on the supporting bed A. and
held together by the direct bolts E, E, attached in the manner and
arranged substantially as and for the purposes set forth..
1
9. The hollow fragile washers G serving, as represented, relatively
to the crushing rolls and housings A³, A³, adapted to move apart, as 1
specified..
10. The adjustable gear wheel D' arranged and serving as represented
relatively to the adjustable crushing rolls M with gears B¹ at opposite
ends, and the actuating shaft G and gears C¹ and C³.
11. The hard surface ring M having a double taper on its inner face, 2
and supported, as shown, by the under rings M³, M², and holding
means m, the whole being constructed and matched together to form a
hard surface roll, as specified.
12. The slits or open spaces in the said under rings M¹, M³, adapted to
allow of their expanding and contracting slightly to accommodate 2
themselves to the bearings both on their outer and inner faces in combi-
nation with the bevelled outer ring M, shaft B, and suitable securing
means m, as specified.
13. The removeable slide rest I and guiding frame H with the proper
holding bolts arranged relatively to the crushing rolls M, the housings 3
A¹, A, and their holding or tie bolts E, E, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
In the third part of the Invention I claim,-
14 Introducing the material upon the ore bed in a thin stratum close

page_text: 15. Traversing the material across the perforated ore bed transversely
to the length of the machine, that is to say, extending the bed longi-
tudinally of the length of the framework and causing the material to
traverse across its narrowest dimensions, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
.
16. In combination with a perforated separating bed and a device for
producing intermittent puffs to effect the separation of the granular
substance on the bed a rotating or travelling delivery device, arranged
to regulate the discharge from the passage which carries off the heavier
grades or particles passed below the separating bed, substantially as
specified.
17. The positive discharging means R, Y¹, or their equivalents, con-
trolling the discharge of the heavy material from a separating bed by a
positive motion, as specified.
18. The roller R arranged and operating as represented relatively to
the discharge passage, for the purposes set forth.
19. So gearing the mechanism or devices which induce the intermit-
tent puffs and the device which regulates the discharge of the heavier
material that said devices are made to work at certain determined
velocities to each other during all variations in the general speed of the
machine, essentially as and for the purposes set forth.
Referring to the form shown in Figures 9, 92, 9, and 10, I claim,-
20. In combination the ore bed O with its feeding and discharging
devices the adjustable oscillating bellows B, the trip wheel T and its
connections and suitable means for varying the rate of discharge through
the passage C, all arranged for joint operation substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
21. In combination with the perforated bed O and with means for
introducing and removing the material, as specified, the bellows B
mounted on a rocking shaft I and operated by an adjustable vibrating
motion, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
22. The trip wheel T¹ arranged and operating relatively to the
bellows B and to the perforated bed 'O and its connections, as and for
the purposes set forth.
23. The spring S arranged and operating relatively to the intermittent
puffing means B, and the bed O, and the hopper H, so as to puff the air.

page_text: pawl P, and adjustable crank pin to allow a delicate adjustment of the
velocities, as specified.
33. The curve or lip extending forward from the lower edge of the
delivering gate G on the hopper into and under a quantity of the material
on the bed, as and for the purposes specified.
34. The backward curve or overhang of the delivering gate G¹ at the
front of the ore bed extending into and covering a quantity of the
material on the bed, as and for the purposes specified.
Referring to the form shown in Figures 13, 14, and 15, I claim,-—
35. The poppet valve D faced with soft material operating in com-
bination with an ore bed and constant blowing means, as specified.
36. The arrangement of the valve D along the bottom of the narrow
space P communicating directly with the bed so as to work the valve in
close contact with the bed, as specified.
37. The hammer F, operating as represented, to open the valve D by
percussive action in combination with the ore bed, as set forth.
38. The spring O arranged and operated as represented relatively to
the valve D, and to an ore bed, and suitable blowing means.
39. The chamber V between the pipe V₁ and valve D in combination
with an ore bed and blowing means, as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Reuben Krom, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
5
Witness,
WILLIAM CLARK DEY,
No. 16, Murray St.,
New York City.
STEPHEN REUBEN KROM.
(L.S.)