IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Hamilton Emery, of New York in the State
of New York, one of the United States of America for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Hamilton Emery at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1883.
ALBERT HAMILTON EMERY, of New York in the State of New York, one of the
United States of America IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES
The invention relates chiefly to beam scales in which the weights and the load to
be weighed are suspended from opposite ends of the beam or on each side of the
centre thereof.
A second or supplemental beam termed the indicator beam is connected centrally
with the main beam preferably through a fulcrum block common to both, so as to
partake of the movement of the main beam while it is relieved of any bending
effect from the load or weights and is thereby permitted to show with great
accuracy the angular deflection of the beam caused by inequality in the weight and
load. The beam or beams are mounted upon the supporting pillar or standard
through the medium of one or more thin flexible metallic plates.
An indicator rod is provided having greater angular motion than the beam with
which it is connected.
The beam is further provided with sliding weights for balancing the scale or for
weighing small loads or smaller fractions than the main or suspended weights may
serve to indicate.
The scale beam carries a pair of horizontal rods fixed to the fulcrum block or
central part and to the respective ends of the beam and carrying small sliding
weights for accurate balancing or for weighing light loads.
The load platform and the platform or bars or frames for supporting the main
weights are suspended from the beam by thin flexible plates, preferably by means
of clamp plates and screws or pins, and in order to prevent any considerable
deflection of the said flexible suspension plates by the tipping of the load platform
caused by the placing of a load thereon out of the centre the suspension rod of the
platform is connected to the attaching block of the aforesaid flexible suspension
plate by means of a secondary flexible plate or other suitable joint.
The indicator rod having greater angular motion than the beam is provided with
Ch •
071

page_text: sliding weights for the accurate ballancing of the scale or for weighing very light
loads. The said indicator rod also carries a supplemental platform suspended from
it by thin flexible plate connections and employed to receive very light loads. The
block by which the flexible suspension plate of the supplemental platform is
connected to the supplemental beam or indicator rod is adjustable on the said
indicator rod to admit of changing its leverage effect upon the beam and in order
to increase the sensitiveness of the scale the suspension attachment of the supple-
mental platform is at a point above the centre of motion of the supplemental beam
or indicator rod from which it is suspended.
By the use of a supplemental beam or indicator rod having much greater motion
than the main load and weight beam and connected thereto, or to a beam moving
in unison therewith by flexible attachments and suspending a supplemental load
platform from said indicator rod, a combination is provided of two load platforms
on separate beams and a weight supporting appliance interposed between said load
platforms by unequal leverage connections so that while the loads on the main
platform may be equal to or greater or less than the weights which balance the
same, those on the secondary platform are much less than the weights which balance
them and are small relatively to the load on the main platform thus adapting the
scale to weigh widely different loads with the same weight or series of weights
with great delicacy and exactness.
An adjustable or variable friction brake is provided to regulate the freedom of
movement of the scales as may be required.
In its most complete and elaborate form the scale is constructed with a frame
From the
consisting of horizontal flanges at top and bottom connected by a web.
upper flange rises a short standard to which the beam is fulcrumed by a flexible
plate. The weights are of peculiar construction and are suspended by a number
of rods arranged at such relative distances from the fulcrum that suitably
proportioned weights on each rod will have ten-fold the value of the weights on
the rod next preceding. Cones or projections are provided on the rods for the
reception of the weights, the weights being supported when not in use by frames
constructed with independent supports by which the weights will be applied or
removed separately and in succession by a vertical movement imparted to the
weight frame by suitable levers and connections. The weight frames consist each
of two or more bars connected by a cross-head and aro supported by adjustable
friction brakes in any position in which they may be set. An indicator attached
to each weight frame shows the number or value of weight applied to the beam.
One or more suspension devices are applied to the load end of the beam with
weight supporting frames and levers and connections so arranged that by a vertical
movement of the weight supporting frames the weights may be successively
removed, producing the same balancing effect as the application. of weights to the
other end of the beam. The load platform is supported within a frame guided in
a vertical path by stay-rods with their plate connections. Between the platform
and its supporting frame are buffer springs adapted to take up any shock caused
by the sudden deposit of a load on the platform also to permit a slight horizontal
movement of the platform and restore it to its normal position. A stop on the
bed plate supports the platform when it is loaded in excess of the proper capacity
of the scale.
A hydraulic brake is provided to check the too free motion of the scale to any
extent desired, by the friction of liquids forced from one chamber to another by
pressure diaphragms connected by moving heads, adjusting screws and springs to
the beam.
The scale is also adapted for testing the strength of materials either by tension
or compression, for which purpose it is provided with suitable holders for connecting
specimens at one end to the beam and at the other end to a straining appliance
operated by worm gearing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Albert Hamilton Emery in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th December 1883.
ALBERT HAMILTON EMERY of New York in the State of New York one of
United States of America, "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES
دو
The Invention relates chiefly to beam scales in which the weights and the load
to be weighed are suspended from opposite ends of the beam or on each side of the
centre thereof.
A second or supplemental beam, termed the indicator beam is connected centrally
with the main beam preferably through a fulcrum block common to both so as to
partake of the movement of the main beam while it is relieved of any bending
effect from the load or weights and is thereby permitted to show with great
accuracy the angular deflection of the beam caused by inequality in the weight and
load. The beam or beams are mounted upon the supporting pillar or standard
through the medium of one or more thin flexible metallic plates.
An indicator rod is provided having greater angular motion than the beam with
which it is connected.
The beam is further provided with sliding weights for balancing the scale or for
weighing small loads or smaller fractions than the main or suspended weights may
serve to indicate.
The scale beam carries a pair of horizontal rods fixed to the fulcrum block or
central part and to the respective ends of the beam and carrying small sliding
weights for accurate balancing or for weighing light loads.
The load platform and the platform or bars or frames for supporting the main
weights are suspended from the beam by thin flexible plates, preferably by
means of clamp plates and screws or pins, and in order to prevent any con-
siderable deflection of the said flexible suspension-plates by the tipping of the
load platform caused by the placing of a load thereon out of the centre the
suspension rod of the platform is connected to the attaching block of the aforesaid
flexible suspension plate by means of a secondary flexible plate or other suitable
joint.
The indicator-rod having greater angular motion than the beam is provided with
sliding weights for the accurate balancing of the scale or for weighing very light
loads. The said indicator-rod also carries a supplemental platform suspended from
it by thin flexible plate connections and employed to receive very light loads.
The block by which the flexible suspension plate of the supplemental plat-form is
connected to the supplemental beam or indicator rod is adjustable on the said
indicator rod to admit of changing its leverage effect upon the beam and in order
to increase the sensitiveness of the scale the suspension attachment of the
supplemental platform is at a point above the centre of motion of the supple-
mental beam or indicator rod from which it is suspended.
By the use of a supplemental beam or indicator rod having much greater motion
than the main load and weight beam and connected thereto, or to a beam moving
in unison therewith, by flexible attachments and suspending a supplemental load
platforin from said indicator rod, a combination is provided of two load platforms
or separated beams and a weight supporting appliance interposed between said load
platforms by unequal leverage connections so that while the loads on the main
platform may be equal to or greater or less than the weights which balance the
same, those on the secondary platform are much less than the weights which
balance them and are small relatively to the loads on the main platform, thus

page_text: adapting the scale to weigh widely different loads with the same weight or series
of weights with great delicacy and exactness.
An adjustable or variable friction brake is provided to regulate the freedom of
movement of the scales as may be required.
In its most complete and elaborate form the scale is constructed with a frame
consisting of horizontal flanges at top and bottom connected by a web. From the
upper flange rises a short standard to which the beam is fulcrumed by a flexible
plate. The weights are of peculiar construction and are suspended by a number of
rods arranged at such relative distances from the fulcrum that suitably proportioned
weights on each rod will have ten fold the value of the weights on the rod next
preceding. Cones or projections are provided on the rods for the reception of the
weights, the weights being supported when not in use by frames constructed with
independent supports by which the weights will be applied or removed separately
and in succession by a vertical movement imparted to the weight frame by suitable
levers and connections. The weight frames consist each of two or more bars
connected by a cross head and are supported by adjustable friction brakes in any
position in which they may be set. An indicator attached to each weight frame
shows the number or value of weights applied to the beam.
One or more suspension devices are applied to the load end of the beam with
weight supporting frames and levers and connections so arranged that by a vertical
movement of the weight supporting frames, the weights may be successively
removed producing the same balancing effect as the application of weights to the
other end of the beam. The load platform is supported within a frame guided in
a vertical path by stay rods with thin plate connections. Between the platform
and its supporting frame are buffer springs adapted to take up any shock caused
by the sudden deposit of a load on the platform, also to permit a slight horizontal
movement of the platform and restore it to its normal position. A stop on the
bed-plate supports the platform when it is loaded in excess of the proper capacity
of the scale.
A hydraulic brake is provided to check the too free motion of the scale to any
extent desired, by the friction of liquids forced from one chamber to another by
pressure diaphragms connected by moving heads adjusting screws and springs to the
beam.
The scale is also adapted for testing the strength of materials either by tension
or compression for which purpose it is provided with suitable holders for connecting
specimens at one end to the beam and at the other end to a straining appliance
operated by worm gearing.
And in order that the said Invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying Drawings more fully
to describe the same.

page_text: construction also illustrating the invention.
Figure 10 is a plan or top view of the same.
Figure 11 is an end elevation thereof.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation on a larger scale of the bydraulic brake
attachment connected with the centre of the beam.
Figure 13 is a plan of said hydraulic brake attachment.
Figure 14 is a transverse section of the friction-clamp employed to support and
retain the weight supporting frame in any position in which it may be set.
Figure 15 is a front sectional elevation of the said clamp.
Figure 16 is an elevation of one half of a two part weight showing detached
portions of the weight suspension rod and of the two bars or members of the
weight supporting frame.
In Figures 1 to 8 inclusive 1 represents a standard or pillar and 2 a beam
supported by a thin flexible fulcrum-plate 3, the lower edge of which is clamped
between a block 4 and the upper part of a pillar 1 while the upper edge of said
plate is clamped between the block 5 and a projecting lug or fulcrum block 6
either formed in one piece with the beam 2 or rigidly attached thereto by
screws 8.
Recesses or rabbets of the requisite depth to receive the edges of the plate are
formed in the blocks 4 and 5 or in the block 6 and the top of the pillar 1. as pre-
ferred, 7.7. are screws by which the blocks, 4. 5. are clamped tightly upon the
plate 3. This mode of setting the thin flexible fulcrum plate is described and
claimed in another application of even date herewith.
To the extremities of the beam 2 are fixed lugs 9. 10. for the attachment of the
suspension rods 11. 13 which carry the weight platform 12 and load platform 14.
The upper end of the suspension rod of the weight platform 12 is pivoted by a
screw 15 to plates or blocks 15 between which are clamped the lower edges of the
thin flexible plates 15b The upper ends of the latter are clamped by a plate 16.
The platform 12 is thus allowed to swing in either direction. The load plat-
form 14 is suspended from the end of the beam by flexible compression plates 16ª
clamped by plates 16b to the end of the beam and supporting clamp plates 16° to
which a short suspension bar 13° is pivotted by a screw 17. The lower end of the
bar 13 is pivotted by screw 17" to clamp plates 18 connected by thin flexible
plates 19 with a second pair of clamp plates 18" from which the main suspension
bar 13 of the platform is hung by a screw 20.
This manner of making the suspension bar in two sections, 13. 13ª with a flexible
connection between them, will be seen to permit the platform 14 to tip under an
unequal load so as to cause the load to hang with the centre of gravity always
directly beneath the plates 100 with very slight deflection of the said plates the
main deflection being in the plates 19. This insures greater accuracy in weighing
than if the angular motion of the suspension bar 13 were transmitted to the
plate 16º
21 represents a secondary beam rigidly attached at its centre to the fulcrum
block 6 so as to move in unison with the main beam 2 without being affected by
the bending of the latter under a load. The beam 21 may carry an adjustable tare
weight 41 for balancing the scale and counterbalancing a scoop or other vessel
placed on the platform 14 to contain any article to be weighed. 41° represents a
small weight for use for fractional weighing in connection with the graduations
shown at the upper edge of the beam 2 in Figure 1.
22 represents a light beam or rod suspended by means of a thin plate
connection 23 to a lug 24 projecting from the top of a pillar or standard 25. The
rod 22 carries an adjustable counterbalance weight 26 from which projects upward
a stud 27 carrying a weight 28 which is set up or down to vary the effect it will
produce under a deflection of the rod 22. The rod 22 is adjustable lengthwise in
the bracket 29 to which its suspension plates 23 are attached and is secured by a
set screw 29. Said bracket holds also thin plates 30 which connect the said

page_text: rod 22 at a short distance from its fulcrum with the end of the beam 21 which
corresponds with the weight end of the beam 2 so that a depression of the weight
end of the beam 2 will elevate the free end of the rod 22 to an extent as much
greater as the distance from the fulcrum plate 23 to the end of the rod 22 is greater
than the distance between the fulcrum plates 23 and 30. The indicator rod carries
a sliding tare or balancing weight 22ª.
31 represents a bracket fitted to slide on the indicator rod 22 and secured in any
position to which it may be adjusted by a set screw 32. The bracket 31 projects
upward and horizontally as clearly shown in Figure 1 and receives at its upper
part a clamp plate 33 secured by screws 34 and serving to fix the upper ends of
thin flexible plates 35. 35. which are held at their lower ends between clamp
plates 36 having the form of an inverted U extending down on each side of the
beam 21 and clamping between their lower extremities thin plates 37 which aro
also clamped between plates 38 to which the suspension rod 39 of the small load-
platform 40 is hung.
A slotted guide 42 projects upward from the beam 21 so as to embrace the
indicator rod 22 near its extremity without contact the said rod being notched or
recessed as shown in Figure 2 so that the parts will be retained in their proper
relative positions while the rod is allowed free vertical motion within proper limits.
43 is an indicator plate projecting upward from the end of the beam in proximity
to the end of the rod 22 and graduated as shown in Figure 1 to show the degree
of deflection of the rod.
44. 44. are longitudinal rods fixed at their respective ends in the central fulcrum
blocks 5 and 6 and the platform suspension blocks 9. 10. at the extremities of the
beam. On the rods 44 are sliding weights 45. 46. 46" for the delicate balancing of
the scale. The small weights 46. 46 are preferably made of aluminium or other
light material for very accurate adjustment. Graduations may be provided as
shown at 47 to enable the use of the light weights 46 for very delicate and
accurate weighing of loads either on the supplemental platform 40 or the main
platform 14.
The play of the beam is limited by the contact of set screws 61. 62 on the
beam 21 with shoulders 63. 64. on the pillar 25.
As this scale is frictionless, it is extremely sensitive. To adapt it for more
convenient use in cases where extreme sensitiveness is unnecessary or undesirable
and to cause it to come more promptly to rest, a friction brake is provided,
consisting of an elastic bar 48 screwed to the pillar 1 at 49. 49. and provided
between these points of attachment with a set screw 50 by which the pressure of
the screw or stud 51 against the fulcrum block 6 of the beam is regulated as
required.
In the illustration here given the weight and load platforms are shown as
suspended at equal distances from the supporting fulcrum of the beam. This is
not essential to the invention. The weight platform may if preferred be suspended
at a less distance from the fulcrum so that a smaller weight can be used to indicate
a given load or vice versa. In practice it is proposed to suspend the two platforms
at such relative distances that by transposing the weight and the load the weight
may be increased in value tenfold.
The scale is adapted for use in testing the tensile strength of threads or fibres as
shown in Figure 1 by providing a clamp or holder 52 fastened by a screw 53 to
the beam and a drawing clamp 54 below attached to a screw stem 55 guided by a
cross head 56 and studs 57 and drawn down by a worm wheel 58 and endless
screw 59 operated by a crank 60 as shown more particularly in Figure 4. By this
means the draft on the thread can be gradually increased so as to maintain the
beam in its central position as indicated by the rod 22 while weights are added to
the platform until the maximum strain is reached.
The advantages in the use of thin plate fulcrums in fibre testing are several among
which may be mentioned that they are frictionless, of great delicacy of action and

page_text: obviate all liability to derangement of the parts by the shock produced by the
breaking of a specimen.
By suspending the small platform 40 from a point above the centre of motion
of its rod or beam 22 it is caused to exert an increasing leverage as the rod
descends and a decreasing leverage as it ascends. This increases the sensitiveness
of the scale to any desirable extent which may be modified by the vertical
adjustment of the weight. 28.
In the scale shown in Figures 9 to 16 inclusive, 61 represents a bed on which
are erected standards 62. 62. supporting the stationary scale-frame which consists
of a vertical web 63 with horizontal flanges, 64. 65. at top and bottom. A short
standard 66 supports the fulcrum block 67 of the beam 68 through the medium of
thin flexible plates 69, the edges of which are set in suitable gauging notches or
recesses and clamped by blocks 70, 71. secured to the standard 66 and fulcrum
block 67 respectively. The described method of attaching the thin flexible plates
to the standard and fulcrum block is preferred, but these parts may be connected
in any other suitable manner without departing from my invention.
The beam is limited in its play by set screws 72. 73, abutting against shoulders
74. 75 on a pillar or standard 76 near the weight end of the beam. To a lug or
bracket projecting forward from the top of the pillar 76 are clamped by a plate
and screw 77 thin plate connections 78 for the suspension of a horizontal indicator
rod 79 which latter is fitted within a bracket 80 to one end of which the lower
edges of the plates 78 are clamped while to its other end are clamped thin flexible
plates 81 connecting the heel of the rod with the weight end of the beam 68 as
shown. The standards 66 and 76 may be formed in one with the frame 63. 64, 65
or either or both may be attached thereto by screws or other means as preferred.
The projecting rear end of the rod 79 carries a sliding block 82 adapted to be
set nearer to or farther from the fulcrum and carrying a vertical stud 83 which
may be screw threaded and supports a counterbalance weight 84 adjustable up or
down to regulate the sensitiveness of the scale. The free end of the rod works in
a slotted guide 85 without contact and in front of a graduated indicator plate 86,
both attached to the beam 68.
On the indicator rod is a sliding weight, 87, for use in approximately balancing
the beam.
Sliding weights 88, 89. 90 on bars 91. 92, fixed to and moving with the main
beam are used for more delicate balancing. One of these weights (90) is made of
aluminium or other light material for very accurate balancing. The sliding tare
weight may if preferred be fitted upon the main beam as shown at 93. Any of
these weights may be used for ordinary weighing by graduating the beam or the
bar on which they slide.
A counterweight especially designed for weighing purposes is shown at 94 sliding
on a graduated bar 95. The said bar has a second set of graduations 97 in
connection with which an aluminium or other light weight 96, is used, the relative
proportions of the weight and graduations being such that in weighing, ten main
divisions of the scale 97 with weight 96 equal one of the scale 95 with the
weight 94. Shelves 98. 99 are provided at the respective ends of the beam for the
reception of heavy weights. 100.
The mode of forming fulcrums and connections by means of thin flexible plates
is illustrated by the main fulcrum of the scale at 69 in Figure 9. These plates
whether they are to bear a strain of tension or of compression are clamped to the
parts which they are to connect by suitable plates preferably fixed by screws.
Where the thin plates have to resist a strain of compression either the clamp plates
or the parts to which they are affixed are notched or recessed to the requisite
depth to admit the edges of the thin plates and as such thin plates are previously
prepared of an accurately uniform width, the depth of the notches or recesses
constitutes a gauge for accurately and readily setting the thin plates to a proper
depth to secure them while leaving a slight space between the surfaces of the parts
which they connect. The thin flexible plates and the clamp plates and screws or

page_text: other devices by which they are attached will be hereinafter referred to collectively
under the term "thin plate connections." Such thin plate connections are described
and claimed in another application of even date herewith.
101 represents the load platform supported within a frame consisting of a
bottom 102 and cross head 103 connected by rods 104. The platform rests on the
bottom 102 of its frame through the medium of spring buffers 105 to prevent the
communication of any jar to the scale in putting on a load. A central buffer or
stud 106 which projects through the bottom of the frame and settles on a stationary
stop 107. in the event of the platform being overloaded prevents the overstraining
of the scale from this cause. The springs 105 and buffer 106 also allow a slight
lateral movement of the platform 101 without overstraining the scale or moving
the bottom plate 102. The platform frame is suspended flexibly from the end of
the beam 08 by a link 108 and thin plate connections 109 and is secured against
horizontal movement without any interference with its proper vertical motion by
bars 110. 111 attached by thin plate connections 112 to the base 61 and the top 64
of the scale frame and to the bottom 102 and top 103 of the platform frame.
113 represents a load or weight placed on the platform 101.
114 is a small load platform suspended from the indicator rod 79 by a rod or
frame 115 and thin plate connections 116 attached to an upwardly projecting
bracket 117.
118. 119. 120. 121. are a series of weight rods suspended from the beam 68 at
regular intervals by thin plate connections 122. These suspended rods are con-
structed with equidistant collars 123 for the support of weights 124 of peculiar
construction, any number of which are caused to rest on the said collars and
thereby to bear on the beam 68 at the will of the operator.
For applying and removing the weights, vertically moving frames are provided,
each consisting of two bars 125, 125. connected by a cross head 126 and fitted to
slide up and down in suitable openings in the flanges 64, 65, of the scale frame.
This vertical sliding movement is communicated by levers 127. 128, 129. 130
connected to the respective cross heads 126 by links 131. To sustain the weight
frames and their superincumbent weights in any position in which they may be
set, friction clamps or holders are provided, each consisting of a pair of bars 132
constructed with cavities which together form round openings fitting over the
bars 125 and provided with packing rings 133 of leather or other elastic material
inserted in annular grooves within the cavities as shown in Figures 14 and 15.
The two parts of the holder are fastened together by screws 134 by means of
which they may be tightened upon the bars 125 of the weight frame, so as to cause
the packing rings to press with any necessary friction on the said bars to prevent
them from moving by their gravity and that of the weights. The holders are
secured to the flange 65 of the scale frame by bolts 135 and nuts 136. Figure 14
shows a transverse section of one of the friction holders and Figure 15 an elevation
of the inner face of one member thereof with one of the attaching bolts and
nuts and a fragment of one bar of the weight-supporting frame. To adapt the
weight supporting frame 125 to deposit the weights 124 on the collars 123 of the
suspension rods separately and in succession by a vertical movement, the bars 125
are provided with conical collars 137 slightly closer together than the collars 123
on the weight suspending rods. When the weight supporting frame 125 is in its
highest position all the weights will be supported by the collars 137 out of contact
with the rods suspended from the beam. On lowering the frame 125 the upper-
most weight will first be deposited on its collar 123 and by continuing the
movement the next will be deposited and so on until the desired number of weights
are made to hang on the beam. The number of weights hanging on the beam rod is
thus determined by the position of the supporting frame 125. This position is shown
by an index 138 attached to the weight frame and an indicator plate 139 on the top
flange 64 of the scale frame. The figures on the indicator plate show the number
and value of the weights bearing on the beam. The construction of the weights is
shown in Figure 16 which represents one half of a weight with fragments of the

page_text: two bars 125 of the weight frame and of the weight suspension rod 121. The
frame 125. 125 is here shown lowered so as to deposit the weight on the collar 123.
The weights are made in two parts for convenience in applying them around the
suspension rods 121 and the bars 125 of the supporting frames and fixed together
by screws. The conical form of the collars 137 causes them in lifting the weights,
to centre them so that they will move up and down without touching the
suspension rods. When lifted by the frame rods 125 they rest on the flat
shoulders at the base of the cones. The collars 123 of the suspension rods may
have a form similar to the collars 137 but they are preferably made flat as shown
in Figure 16. The weight supporting frame and weights at the extremity of the
beam where the flanges 64, 65 project beyond the web 63 are shown in transverse
position instead of longitudinal as the others. Their position in this respect is
immaterial. One of the weights of the end series is omitted in Figure 11 to
expose the collars 123 and 137 of the rod 121 and the end frame 125. In practice
the relative distances of the weight suspension rods 118. 119, 120, 121. and the
gravity of the weights applied thereto will be so proportioned that one of the
weights on the rod 119 will be equivalent to ten on the rod 118, one on the
rod 120 equivalent to ten on the rod 119 and so on. To this end the weights of
the first rod 118 may be made of aluminium or other light material and the other
weights of bronze or other heavy material of different sizes. Thus the several
weights of the rod 118 may be equivalent to grains on the load platform 101,
those of the rod 119 to decigrams on said platform, those of the rod 120 to
hectagrains, and those on the rod 121 to kilograms.
These weight rods may be placed nearer to or farther from the fulcrum or each
other, and the weights may have any other proportions so as to give the weights
any desired ratio of effect.
The sliding counter-weight 94 with its graduations 95 on the beam is shown as
equivalent to the series of weights of the rod 118 so that if the scale be balanced
with the weight 94 at zero, which is the left extremity of the scale, then the
sliding of the weight to number 10 (the position shown at Figure 9) will be
equivalent to depositing the entire first series of weights on their suspension
rod 118. These equivalent weights may be used either in conjunction or separately
as preferred.
With the fulcrum distances arranged as here shown a load on the secondary
platform 114 will have ten-fold the effect on the weights of a load on the plat-
form 101. The fulcrum distances may be so proportioned as to make the relative
effect of load on the two platforms as one hundred to one or in any other desired
ratio.
At 140 is shown a pair of weight rods suspended from the platform end of the
beam by thin plate connections 141 and adapted to carry a series of counter-
weights 124 equal in value to the weights of the rod 121 at the other end of the
beam
These rods are constructed with cones and shouldered collars similar to those on
the weight supporting rods 125. The normal position of the counterweights 124°
is hanging on the beam. For the purpose of weighing they are raised from their
collars in succession by an upward movement of a central rod 125ª by means of an
operating lever 130* connected with said rod by a link 131* It will be evident
that if the scale be balanced with all the counterweights resting on the collars of
the suspending rods 140 a weight on the platform 101 can be balanced by the
lifting of a suitable number of the weights on the said rods 140. Heavy weighing
can thus be effected without additional pressure on the beam.
As the end of the indicator-rod 79 under the proportions here shown, has a
motion about ten times as great as the ends of the beam, the movement of the
latter in use is scarcely perceptible, but even a slight springing of the beam night
produce a perceptible effect on the delicate indicator.
By providing as above described for balancing a considerable part of the load by

page_text: the removal of weights from the platform and any material springing of the beam
may be avoided.
To check the motion of the beam and bring it to rest quickly the scale is
provided with a variable hydraulic brake constructed as shown in Figures 12 and
13 with a stationary abutment 142 recessed above and below and fixed by two or
more bolts 143 to the top 64 of the frame. Liquid chambers are formed by
covering the cavities or recesses in the abutment with diaphragms 144 secured at
their peripheries by rings 145 and at their centres to heads 146. The heads 146
are connected by set screws 147 and elastic arms 148 to a bar 149 which is
attached by a thin plate connection 150 to a lug 151 on the fulcrum block 67 of
the beam. The liquid chambers are connected by a contracted duct 152 commu-
nicating with which is an orifice 153 employed for filling the chambers and closed
by a plug 154. The oscillation of the beam will be resisted by the friction of the
liquid passing through the duct 152 and this resistance can be varied if required by
changing the size of the duct or by moving the plate connection 150 farther from
or nearer to the centre of motion of the beam.
A fibre testing device is applied to the beam consisting of a bracket 155 for
attaching the upper end of the thread and a screw rod 156 for drawing it; said rod
being guided by a cross head 157 to which it is rigidly attached sliding on rods 158.
The screw 156 is moved either up or down as required by the rotation of the
nut 159 which is formed with a worm on its periphery gearing with a screw-crank-
shaft 160 to turn it in either direction. The combined worm wheel and nut 159 is
confined between the flange 65 and a transverse bar 159b screwed at its ends to
the longitudinal plates 159 which are fastened to the flange 65 and constitute the
bearings of the screw shaft 160. The screw 156 is guided by the apertures in the
flange 65 and in the transverse bar 159b so as to secure it against horizontal
movement. The mode of using the device to test a strain of tension is illustrated
in Figure 9. For a strain of compression, the specimen to be tested is placed
between the cross head 157 and the beam 68 and the crank is turned in the proper
direction to force the screw 156 upward instead of drawing it downward as for a
tensile strain. For testing a tensile strain the scale is balanced with the weights
at the weight end of the bean off and those at the load end on and the strain is
measured by adding weights to the weight end of the beam or removing them from
the load end. For testing a strain of compression the scale is balanced with the
weights in a reversed position and the weights are used in the reverse manner.
By applying the specimen at the midlength of one arin of the beam the strain is
readily ascertained, being precisely double the value of the weights which may be
used.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the mode in which
the same is carried into effect I would have it understood that what I claim is :--
1st In a beam scale with appliances for suspending its weight and load on
opposite sides of the fulcrum, the beam supported and attached to its pillar or
standard by a thin plate or plates clamped at either or both ends substantially as
set forth.
2nd The combination of a main beam and an indicator beam suitably connected
at or near the supporting fulcrum, and independent at the ends to relieve the
indicator beam from the effect of the bending of the main beam by the weight or
load.
3rd The combination of the main beam 2, the secondary beam 21, and the
indicator rod 22 as berein set forth, the main beam carrying the load or weight
and the secondary beam connecting with the indicator for the purposes explained.
4th The combination of the beam 2 one or more supporting pieces 5, 6, the two
weight rods 44 and the two suspension blocks 9. 10. as and for the purposes set
forth.
5th The suspension rod or rods for a weight or load platform connected to the
scale beam by one or more thin flexible plates clamped thereto substantially as set
forth.

page_text: 6th. The suspension rod or rods for a weight or load platform connected to the
scale beam by means of a suspension screw or pin, thin flexible plate or plates and
clamp plates substantially as set forth.
7th In a balanced scale the combination with the beam 2 of the suspension
rod 13 thin compression plates 16ª and attaching clamp plates 16b 16° as and for
the purposes set forth.
8th The bar 13 connected by thin flexible plates to the beam and by a flexible
joint to the suspension bar or chains of the platform 14 as and for the purposes set
forth.
9th The combination of the two load platforms 14 and 40 with the two beams 2
and 22 arranged with suitable weight connections substantially as set forth.
10th The combination with a main beam or beams of a load platform at one side
of the fulcrum a weight rod or rods at the other side of the fulcrum, an indicator rod
connected with the weight end of the main beam or beams, and a platform suspended
from said indicator rod substantially as set forth.
11th In combination with the main beam 2, the sliding connection 31, adjustably
suspending the load platform 40, and the rod or beam 22 substantially as set
forth.
12th A platform suspended from a scale beam or indicator rod by a thin plate or
plates clamped to the said beam or rod at a point above the centre of motion of
said beam or rod to increase the sensitiveness of the scale.
13th The combination with the indicator rod of the bracket 31, projecting above
said rod to afford an elevated point of suspension for the swinging platform 40, as
and for the purposes explained.
14th The combination with a beam scale having thin plate fulcrum connections
of the fibre testing devices, constructed and applied as herein set forth.
15th The scale frame constructed as herein described with top and bottom
flanges 64. 65. and a connecting web 63.
16th The combination of the flanged frame 63. 64. 65. supporting standard 66
supporting plate or plates 69, and beam 68 substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
17th A scale beam provided with one or more weight rods constructed with
cones or projections for the independent support of any desired number of weights
as set forth.
18th A weight rod constructed with suitable cones or projections in combination
with two or more weights resting independently on said cones or projections and
not on each other.
19th In combination with a scale beam a moveable weight supporting bar or frame
having suitable projections to support a plurality of weights and apply them in
succession to the beam, substantially as set forth.
20th The combination of a suspension bar or rod and a weight supporting bar or
frame each having suitable projections so that a movement of the weight supporting
bar or frame relatively to the beam or suspension rod will cause a successive
application or removal of the weights.
21 The construction of the weight supporting bar or frame and the suspension
rods with cones or projections at different distances asunder so as to cause a
successive application or removal of the weights as explained.
22nd The construction of the weight supporting frame with bars 125, 125.
connected by a cross head 126 as described.
23 The combination of the weight supporting frame or frames 125, 126 with
the doubly flanged guiding frame 63. 64, 65. as and for the purposes set forth.
24th The combination with the weight supporting frame 125. 126 of the link or
links 131 and lever 127, for operating the same as explained.
25th The combination of the weight supporting frame 125, 126 index 138 and
index plate 139 as set forth.
26th The two part weight 124, constructed and connected as and for the purposes
set forth.

page_text: 27th The combination with the weight supporting rods or frames 125. 126 of a
friction brake 132 bearing on the weight rods or on a moving part connected
therewith to retain the frames in any position in which they may be set.
28th The combination of the flange 65 bolts, 135 clamp screw 134, friction
bars 132 and contained packing 133, with the weight bar or frame, as and for the
purposes set forth.
29th The combination of a series of weight supporting frames and suspension
rods with suitable weights and a beam, the whole arranged in certain proportions
substantially as herein set forth.
30th The combination with the platform 101, and its suspending frame 102,
103, 104 of the bars 110, 111 connected by thin plates to the platform frame and
to the scale frame as described for the purposes set forth.
31 The combination of the platform 101, suspension frame 102. 103. 104 buffer
springs 105 and stop 106, 107. as and for the purposes set forth.
32 In a beam scale a weight support connected to the beam at the load side of
the fulcrum and separate from the load-platform to enable the counter balancing of
a load on the platform by the removal of weights as set forth.
33rd In combination with a scale beam and a suspended load-platform, a
suspension weight rod located on the load platform side of the beam fulcrum, and a
series of weights supported on a moveable frame adapted to apply or remove the
weights separately and in succession as explained.
34th In a scale constructed with thin plate fulcrum connections a hydraulic brake
operating substantially as herein set forth.
35th In combination with a scale beam, the hydraulic brake constructed sub-
stantially as herein described with two liquid chambers and a pair of diaphragıns
arranged to force liquid from one chamber to the other by a movement of the
bean in either direction.
36th The testing device consisting of the screw rod, 156 worm nut 159,
screw 160, cross head 157, and guide 158 in combination with the frame 63. 64. 65
scale beam 68, and a suitable attaching device 155 substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
37th A scale or weighing machine constructed and operating substantially as
herein shown and described.
In witness whereof I the said Albert Hamilton Emery have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eighth day of November in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
ALDENT TT ILMOIT
דמיוהד