CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLS AND MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, ALSO IN ROLLS AND MACHINERY FOR SHAPING OR FASHIONING IRON FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEREMIAN
BROWN, of Kingswinford, in the County of Stafford, Roll Turner, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Third day of July, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the eleventh year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jeremiah Brown, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial license, full.
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Jeremiah Brown, my
exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jeremiah Brown,
my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLS AND MACHINERY USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF IRON, ALSO IN ROLLS AND MACHINERY FOR SHAPING OR FASHIONING IRON FOR
VARIOUS PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that
I, the said Jeremiah Brown, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Iler said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully an at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jeremiah Brown, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of an improved squeezing machine, that is,
a machine for squeezing and rolling puddled balls of iron; secondly, of a
machine for doubling and piling iron, and for other purposes; and, thirdly, of
improved rolling machinery for rolling iron for the various purposes herein-
after enumerated.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved machine for squeezing
and rolling puddled balls of iron; Figure 2 represents a vertical section of the
same through the line a, Figure 1; and Figure 3 represents an end view of
the rollers and the pinions thereon, and the pinion by which the same are
driven. This machine consists of three rolls a, b, c, placed in the relative
situations shown in the section Figure 2. The lower roll 6 differs from the
others in having at each end an outside collar d, between which collars the
other rolls work; the roll a is capable of adjustment by the screws 'e, e, and
the roll c is capable of yielding if the ball of iron introduced be larger than
is suited to the rolls. ff, are three-threaded screws, one of which presses at
cach end of the axis of the roller c; pinions g, g, on the said screws engage
in the toothed wheel h; i is a lever attached to the toothed wheel h; j is a
weight on the said lever. When the ball of iron introduced between the rolls
is larger than the said rolls are calculated to receive, tho pressure of the said
ball on the roll c causes the screws f,f, to retire; when, by the partial rotation
of the rolls, the ball of iron is reduced in size and the pressure on the rolls is
diminished; the weight j, acting through the lever i and wheel h, produces the
rotation of the screws f, f, and the advance of the roll c.
The rolls are repre-
sented in Fig. 2 in the position which they occupy when the ball of iron k has
been rolled and squeezed and is about to fall from the said rolls; after the said
ball has fallen from the said rolls, and the said rolls have performed about
one-fifth part of a revolution, they are fitted to receive another ball of iron.
The ball of iron falls on the bed plate 1 of the machine, and it is then pressed
endwise, or in the direction of its length, by the following mechanism :-m
is a crank on the axis of the lower roller; this crank is connected by the rod

page_text: n with the bell-crank lever o, and by the operation of the said crank m the
ball of iron is compressed between the vertical arm p of the said bell-crank
lever and the holster q. It will be seen by reference to Figure 3 that all the
rolls revolve in the same direction. Figure 4 represents an end elevation,
Figure 5 a side elevation, and Figure 6 a plan of the machine, to the
operation of which the bloom of iron produced in the squeezing machine
herein-before last described is subjected. This machine consists of three rolls
, s, t, which differ in their construction from ordinary rolls in the following
respect: Instead of constructing a series of flanges or collars on one of the
said rolls, which said flanges or collars enter corresponding grooves in the
adjoining roll, I arrange the said flanges or collars and grooves in the manner
represented in the Drawing, that is to say, I construct one of the two flanges
or collars between which the iron is confined as it passes between the rolls on
one of the said rolls, and I construct the other of the said flanges or collars
on the other roll, each of the said flanges or collars entering a corresponding
groove in the adjoining roll, that is to say, instead of constructing both the
flanges in question on one roll and both the grooves on the other, I make one
of the said grooves and one of the said flanges or collars on each of the said
rolls. The method of driving the said rolls does not differ from the method of
driving rolls commonly employed. u is a camb on the axis v; this axis is driven
by the toothed wheel w on the said axis, engaging in the pinion a on the axis
of the middle rolls; y is a pair of shears situated with respect to the rolls
, s, t, in tle position represented in the Drawing. The said camb u acts on
the arm y¹ of the moveable blade of the said shears. z is a crank on the axis
v, which crank is connected by means of the rod 1 with the bell crank 2. On
the base of the machine 3 is a rod connected with the bell crank 2, which rod
slides on the base of the machine. The end of the said rod 3 is connected
with the vertical arm 4, which said arm is of the form shown in the Drawing.
The operation of this machine is as follows:-After the bloom of iron has
fallen from the squeezing machine herein-before described, it is introduced
between the the rolls s, t, at the place marked 5, it is returned between those
portions of the rolls marked 6, and being taken hold of by the workman is
allowed to fall on the arm 4 by the operation of the camb u the shears y are
opened, and the bloom of iron resting on the arm 4 is carried between the
blades of the shears y; on the closing of the shears the bloom of iron is divided
into two pieces, one of which rests on the arm 4, and the other is held by the
workman. The part of the bloom resting on the arm 4 is carried by the motion
of the said arm opposite that part of the rolls marked 5, and the workman
Ilacing the other part of the said bloom on the former, the two are introduced

page_text: between the rolls, and in passing between the same are welded together. This
process may be repeated if the iron has not suffered too great a reduction
of temperature, that is to say, the bloom may again be divided and the two
pieces again passed through the rolls and welded together. The iron
may afterwards be passed through the rolls at the places marked 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, or rolled into suitable sizes and forms by being passed between other
rolls.
My machinery for making vice pins, that is to say, the blanks from which
the screws of vices are made, consists of three sets of rolls. In the first
machine or set of rolls, the head and collar of the said vice pin are partially
formed; and in the second machine or set of rolls, the said head and collar are
completed; in the third machine or set of rolls, the cylindrical part of the
said vice pin is formed. Figure 7 represents an end view, and Figure 8 a
side elevation of the machine, to the operation of which the piece of heated
iron of which the vice pin or blank is formed is first subjected. It consists of
three rolls 12, 13, 14, of the form shown in Figure 8, and placed in the re-
lative situations shown in Figure 7. The top roll 12 is capable of adjustment
by means of a balance lever 15, under each neck of the top roll 12, Fig. 7, and
the screws 16, 17, and pinion 18, Figure 8. The said adjusting mechanism
does not differ from that commonly employed for similar purposes, and I
therefore do not deem it necessary to describe the same. The upper roll 12
is slightly excentric on its axis. A portion of the upper roll 12 is cut
away so as to admit of the heated iron being introduced at the ends of the
said rolls; and in order to facilitate the introduction of the said iron, the pressure
on the axis of the said roll 12 is removed by turning the pinion 18, and the
said roll is lifted up by the balance 15 as soon as the iron is introduced; the
roll 12 is pressed down by turning the pinion 18; as the revolution of the rolls
continues, the pressure on the roll 12 is increased, and when the roll 12 is
brought into contact with the rolls 13, 14, the top roll 12 is raised, and the
partially formed vice pin or blank removed. During the removal of the said
partially formed pin, the said rolls are brought to rest by being thrown out of
gear with the driving machinery. The partially formed vice pin is now heated
again, and is introduced into another machine, which exactly resembles, both
in construction and operation, the machine last described, excepting that the
grooves in the rolls are made smaller and more accurate, in order that they
may further diminish the size of the head and collar of the said vice pin, and
complete the same. A portion of the iron intended to form the cylindrical part
of the vice pin is unacted upon by the rolls, by which the head and collar are
formed, and the said portion of the iron is formed into the cylindrical part of

page_text: the vice pin by the operation of the third machine, which machine exactly
resembles that herein last described, excepting that the rolls have such a form
as is proper to form the said cylindrical portion of the vice pin. I prefer
working the rolls of the three machines used for making vice pins at a velocity
of about fifty revolutions per minute. The iron should be heated before being
introduced into each machine, or oftener, if necessary. I sometimes also form
vice pins in the following manner, that is to say, I take a cylindrical piece
of iron, and wrap round one end thereof a piece of iron of the form repre-
sented in section in Figure 9, which said iron, when wrapped round the
cylindrical piece, forms an imperfectly shaped head and collar. The partially
formed vice pin is then heated and introduced into the machine, Figures 7
and 8, and by the operation of the said machine the said vice pin is finished.
I form pins or bolts consisting of a cylindrical roll having a hexagonal or
other shaped head (as represented in Figure 10), in the following manner,
that is to say, I take iron which has been rolled of a hexagonal figure,
as represented by the external line of Figure 11, or of the figure which it is
intended the head of the said bolt shall have, and subject the said iron to the
operation of rolls similarly arranged to those represented in Figures 7 and 8;
the said rolls however are each furnished with a deep groove of a width equal
to the depth of the head of the bolt to be formed, so that when the said hexa-
gonal iron is being reduced by the operation of the said rolls to a cylindrical
form, a portion of the said hexagonal iron enters the said grooves, and is con-
sequently marked upon.
Figures 12, 13, and 14 represent my method of producing hollow cylinders
of iron for burrs or nuts, screw boxes, and gun barrels. I take two segments
of the form represented by 19, Figure 13, and place the said segments together
in the position represented at 20, Figure 14; I then take two skelps of the
form represented in section in Figure 12, and wrap the said skelps round the
said segments in the manner represented in Figure 14. The method by which
I wrap the said skelps round the said segments is as follows:-I bend the skelp
Figure 12 into the form represented at 21, Figure 13, by passing it between
rolls, and complete the closing of the said skelps either by hand or by passing
them between rolls. When the said skelps have been wrapped round the
segments in the manner represented in Figure 14, the whole is raised to a
welding heat and passed between rolls, by which the whole is welded
together.
Figures 15, 16, and 17 represent hollow cylinders, made by welding
together a greater number of segments and skelps than I use in the method
last described. I prefer the use of the greater number of segments and skelps

page_text: in making hollow cylinders of large size. I make hexagonal or other nuts
for screws by taking a hollow cylinder of iron made by the methods herein last
described, or otherwise, and after heating the same, I introduce a mandril in
its interior; I then subject it to the action of a pair of rolls, by which a hexa-
gonal or other figure is communicated to its outside, as represented in Figure 11,
I. then cut the said iron into proper lengths so as to form hexagonal or
other nuts.
-
Figure 18 reprents a pair of rolls for forming vice moulds; Figure 19
represents a vice mould, the section of which, as may be observed in the said
Figure, is not square but oblong. A series of taper grooves are formed on the
said rolls, Figure 18, by which a taper rod of iron is produced, which rod
however is square in section, but by passing the said rod between the said rolls
at the part marked 22, the said rod is flattened. In making small vice moulds,
I sometimes so form the grooves on the rolls as to form a series of the said
taper vice moulds joined together, the small end of one joining the large end of
the other, or otherwise, and afterwards cut the same into proper lengths. In
addition to the use of the rolls herein-before described, and represented in
Figures 4, 5, and 6, of the accompanying Drawings, for the purpose of doubling
or piling iron, I also use rolls of that construction for rolling rods or strands of
iron, and for rolling generally. And in addition to the use of the series of rolls
herein-before described, and represented in Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying
Drawings, for making vice pins or blanks, and for making bolts, as herein-
before described, I also use a similar arrangement of rolls for making taper
screw boxes from pieces of the hollow cylindrical iron herein-before described,
and represented in Figures 14, 15, 16, and 17 of the accompanying Drawings,
or from pieces of hollow cylindrical iron otherwise produced.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as
my Invention,
Firstly, the method of squeezing or compressing balls of iron, herein-
before described, and represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, by subjecting the said balls of iron to the action of
three excentric rolls rotating in the same direction.
Secondly, the method of doubling or piling blooms of iron, herein-before
described, and represented in Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the accompanying Drawings,
that is to say, by cutting through the said blooms of iron, after the same have
been passed between the rolls, and piling or placing the two portions of the
bloom on one another, and welding the same together by passing the same
between the rolls while at a welding heat, whether the said processes of

page_text: dividing and piling be performed once or oftener on the said blooms of iron,
also the use of the series of rolls of the construction, herein-before described,
and represented in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying Drawings, for making
rods or strands of iron.
Thirdly, the method of forming vice pins or blanks heroin-before described,
and represented in Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying Drawings, that is
to say, by the action of three suitably formed rolls revolving in the same
direction; also the use of similarly arranged rolls for making pins or bolts and
screw boxes, as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the methods, herein-before described, and represented in Figures
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 of the accompanying Drawings, of forming hollow
cylinders of iron to be used for the purposes herein-before enumerated, that
is to say, by combining and welding together suitably formed skelps and
segments; also the method, herein-before described, of rolling iron for making
hexagonal or other burrs or nuts.
Fifthly, the method of making vice moulds by rolling, herein-before
described, and represented in Figures 18 and 19 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jeremiah Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and font night
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid Jeremiah Brown came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Third day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-eight.