Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Barrels.
Year: 1891

page_text: ate of Application, 15th Sept., 1891--Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Barrels.
I, JAMES PLEUKHARP, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at
No. 80 West Third Avenue, in the City of Columbus, County of Franklin and
State of Ohio, one of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of my invention is the manufacture of tight or liquid barrels which
shall be standard, that is, which shall be alike in every particular, holding always
a given number of gallons liquid, and of a given height, diameter, bilge, &c. Thus
any one element from one barrel may be replaced by a like element from another
barrel.
This barrel is to be entirely a machine made barrel. The staves of which it is
composed are formed from sawed stock rounded on the outside so as to make a
round external surface to barrel, left square on the inside, making a polygonal
internal surface, chamfered and crozed at the end so as to receive the barrel head,
and beveled or jointed on the edges so as to form up into a perfect barrel without
listing or lagging. The stave is further provided with a dowel and dowel hole
for the purpose of forming and truing. It also materially strengthens the barrel.
Heretofore all tight or liquid barrels have been made of staves of various widths,
which after being set up to an approximate given diameter and trussed, are then
set over fires and warped, they are then crozed, chamfered, and squared, thus set
up in cylindrical form, and the heads put in and hoops put on by hand. To
obviate any leakage caused by differences in diameters (due to staves being of
various widths) thin strips are placed between the staves called lagging, when
the trusses are removed and hoops put on. By this way of making barrels the
staves must necessarily be put under severer strains at some places than at others,
also as the staves are warped hollowing on the inside, the strain of the barrel is
left entirely upon the hoops.
With my standard machine stave no setting over fires or warping is necessary,
the staves being of uniform width at end or bilge or any other point, a given
number of staves will always form a barrel of given diameter. The exterior
surfaces of the staves being parts of a complete and perfect cylinder before they
are set up in barrel or cylindrical form, no trussing is needed to form the barrel.
The staves may be, and are, crozed and chamfered before setting up into barrel
form. The staves may be and are jointed so as to give a perfect barrel form and
the hoops may be driven on without causing unequal strain or necessitating the
use of lagging; and, finally, the staves being left square or straight on the
inside, they form a polygonal internal surface, the staves keying into each other,
thus making a much stronger barrel, and because of increased thickness at their
longitudinal centres, and squareness of pressure, a stronger stave is the result than
that obtained by warping.
The object in the use of the dowel is to prevent slipping in and out of the staves
past each other, it also increases the resistance of the stave against any sudden
shock (which often causes leakage).
In the drawings-
Figure 1 is an edge view of a stave of my invention.
Figure 2 is a front view of the said stave.

page_text: Figure 5 is a side view of a barrel embodying my invention, parts being broken
away.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section on the line 6-6 of Figure 5.
The staves, A, of which my barrel is composed are in longitudinal section of
uniform thickness from end to end, and taper slightly in width for a short distance
from each end, according to the required bilge of the barrel. In cross section they
increase in thickness from the edges to the middle, being straight on the inside
and curved on the outside, the degree of curvature corresponding with the diameter
of some element in the bilge of the completed barrel, preferably medial of the end
and inmost hoops. An advantage is gained by the slightly polygonal character of
the barrel under the end hoops, they being made to bind tighter at the edges
than in the middle of the staves. Each end of the stave is chamfered at, , and
crozed at a.
The stave midway of its ends is provided in one edge with the dowel pin, D,
and its other edge with the opening, d, so that when the barrel is set up the dowel
of one stave will enter a corresponding opening in the adjacent stave.
The edges
of the stave are beveled alike.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
As an improved article of manufacture, a standard barrel, composed of a given
number of staves, each stave being the counterpart of the other and in longitudinal
section of uniform thickness from end to end, and tapering slightly in width from
the middle towards each end, and having the ends crozed and chamfered, and
having the edges similarly beveled and having the inner surface between the edges
straight, and the outer surface curved to correspond approximately with the
circumference of the barrel, and having a dowel projected from one edge and a
corresponding opening in the opposite edge, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Dated this 15th day of September 1891.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.