IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GARDEN FRAMES AND LIGHTS, AND GREENHOUSES FOR PRESERVING PLANTS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lendall, Foreman to Messieurs W. S.
Boulton and Company, of Rose Lane Works, Norwich, in the
County of Norfolk, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF GARDEN FRAMES AND LIGHTS, AND GREENHOUSES FOR
PRESERVING PLANTS."
Sealed the 15th May 1874, and dated the 20th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lendall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1873.
I, JAMES LENDALL, Foreman to Messrs. W. S. Boulton and Company,
of Rose Lane Works, Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF GARDEN FRAMES AND LIGHTS, AND GREENHOUSES FOR PRESERVING
PLANTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to garden frames and lights, both fixed and
portable, and also to greenhouses for preserving plants, and has for its
object the construction of the same in such a manner as to admit of the

page_text: parts of which they are composed being transmitted separately and
readily put together, as required, also to afford increased facilities for
attention to plants contained therein and for ventilating.
And my Invention consists in making the lights in two or more rows
on the roof, each light being capable of being raised, and if necessary of
being turned over on a hinge joint so as to be either partially or entirely
opened as may be required. For this purpose the hinge joint consists of
two members, one of which is fixed to a part of the framework of the
garden frame, or to the framework of the roof of the greenhouse, and
the other to the upper part of the frame of the light; the said two
members being connected as required by a pin. At the top of the roof
where two lights meet there are four members of two hinge joints held
by one pin.
In order to set the lights open, as required, for ventilating and
attendance, an iron set open for each light is jointed at one end to the
frame of the roof, and has holes formed in it by means of which a light
can be kept open to any required extent by a pin passed through one of
the said holes, and an eye fixed to the frame of the light.
Gearing or other apparatus can be applied for opening the lights
simultaneously for ventilating.
The lights can be removed, as required, by taking out the pins which
connect the members of the hinge joints. This mode of constructing
19
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said James Lendall in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
LENDALL, Foreman to Messrs. W. S. Boulton and Company, of Rose
Lane Works, Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, send greeting.
ย
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Lendall, Her special
licence that I, the said James Lendall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Lendall, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF GARDEN FRAMES AND LIGHTS, AND GREENHOUSES FOR PRESERVING
PLANTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Lendall, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Lendall, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :-
My Invention of " Improvements in the Construction of Garden
Frames and Lights, and Greenhouses for Preserving Plants" relates to
garden frames and lights both fixed and portable, and also to greenhouses
for preserving plants, and has for its object the construction of the same
in such a manner as to admit of the parts of which they are composed
being transmitted separately and readily put together, as required, also
to afford increased facilities for attention to plants contained therein,
and for ventilating.
And my Invention consists in making the lights in two or more rows
on the roof, each light being capable of being raised, and if necessary
of being turned over on a hinge joint so as to be either partially or
entirely opened, as may be required. For this purpose the hinge joint
consists of two members, one of which is fixed to a part of the frame-
work of the garden frame or to the framework of the roof of the green-

page_text: house, and the other to the upper part of the frame of the light; the
said two members being connected, as required, by a pin. At the top of
the roof where two lights meet there are four members of two hinge
joints held by one pin.
In order to set the lights open, as required, for ventilating and
attendance an iron "set open" for each light is jointed at one end to the
frame of the roof, and has holes formed in it by means of which a light
can be kept open to any required extent by a pin passed through one of
the said holes, and an eye fixed to the frame of the light.
Gearing or other apparatus can be applied for opening the lights
simultaneously for ventilating.
The lights can be removed, as required, by taking out the pins which
connect the members of the hinge joints. This mode of constructing
greenhouses may also be applied to greenhouses with roofs of three
quarter span or of full span.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed
by the aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented
different applications of the Invention to the purposes above referreed to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents the Invention applied to a plant preserver or green-
house with a lean-to roof or covering; Fig. 2 shews the same applied to
a three quarter span roof; and Fig. 3 represents a full span roof.
Fig. 4 shows a house with a frame composed of wood and glass built
on a brick wall.
Figures 5 and 6 represent in front and side elevation on an enlarged
scale the mode of constructing the hinge joints which are adapted to
connect the lights with the roofs or framework, in the manner herein-
after described. In these several Figures the same letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.
A, A, are the hinge joints (shewn in detail in Figures 5 and 6) which
allow of the lights B, B, below them being turned up and laid back on
the row above them, or of being raised only a limited distance, as
required. One member a of the hinge joint is fixed to the framework,
and the other member 6 has the light fixed to it, and the two members
are connected together by the pin D. At the upper part of the roof

page_text: where two lights meet, as shewn at E, there are four members a and b
of two hinge joints connected together by one pin D.
In order to raise the lights only a limited distance as required for
ventilation and attendance straps or iron "set opens" F, F, are adapted,
as shewn in the Figures, to keep the lights raised and open to the
distance required by means of pins passed through holes in the iron
straps; these iron straps or set opens may be fixed or pivotted either
to the framework or to the lights.
"
Fig. 7 represents a structure with two lights fitted so as to admit of
the light on one side of the hinge joint at the apex of the roof being
turned over and made to rest on the other light.
By means of the arrangements and construction represented and
described, the several parts of the structures may be prepared ready to
be put together, as required, and when put together will afford every
facility for attention to the plants from without in the smaller sizes, and
give the best method of ventilation for all sizes. It will also be obvious
that this mode of construction will admit of the structures being widened
by making the lights in two or more rows on the roofs.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim
as of my Invention is, the adaptation and application to garden frames
and lights and greenhouses of hinge joints, whereby the lights may be
made in two or more rows on the roofs, and may be readily raised and
opened, as required, for ventilation and attendance, whereby also the
parts may be prepared and put together, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lendall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
J. D. PAUL,
Iron Founder,
Rose Lane Works,
Norwich.
JAMES LENDALL. (L.8.)