Lamps or other Electrical Apparatus.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1887
Complete Left, 19th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 4th May, 1888
Lamps or other Electrical Apparatus.
FREDERICK CARRINGTON PHILLIPS of 2 Victoria Mansions, Westminster in the
County of Middlesex Electrical Engineer and HUGH ERAT HARRISON of same
address Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
-
This invention relates to the mechanism generally called the cut-out which is used
in connection with electrio arc lamps or other electrical apparatus & whereby the
main current in the lamp or other apparatus is automatically shunted or provided
with a path when the difference of potential in the lamp or apparatus becomes too
great as for instance when the are in an arc lamp becomes abnormally long.
According to this invention two electromagnets are used one of which is wound
with wire that is connected in series circuit with the arc or main current flowing
through the lamp or apparatus, this magnet will hereinafter be called the series
magnet.
The second electromagnet, hereinafter called the shunt magnet is wound with
wire that is connected in shunt to the main current flowing through the lamp or
apparatus.
The series magnet has a movable armature, which, when not attracted by it, is held,
by gravity or a spring either against the armature of the shunt magnet or against a
contact piece through which contact piece the lamp or apparatus has its current shunted
into a new path.
The shunt magnet has also a movable armature which when not attracted to it may
act as a stop to the armature of the series magnet so as to prevent it from coming
against the contact described above.
The armature of the shunt when attracted comes against a contact piece & thereby
momentarily performs the same function of short circuiting or shunting the main
current in the lamp or apparatus as the armature of the series magnet.
When the lamp or apparatus is in normal working, the series magnet holds its
armature away from contact with either the armature of the shunt magnet or its own
contact piece.
At the same time also, the armature of the shunt magnet is held by gravity or a
spring against a stop & in such a position as to prevent the armature of the series

page_text: magnet in case of its becoming released-from coming against its contact
contact piece.
If now the difference of potential in the arc or apparatus becomes too great the
current that passes through the wire of the shunt magnet will become sufficiently great
to cause the shunt magnet to attract its armature which will then momentarily shunt the
main current, this will cause the armature of the series magnet to be released & to
come against its contact piece whereby the shunting of the main current will be
permanently effected until by reason of the normal path for the main current being
restored the series magnet attracts its armature from its contact piece and thereby
reestablishes the normal state of things & at the same time the armature of the shunt
magnet will be permitted to move back to its former position of rest.
When the supply of current to the lamp or apparatus. is interrupted the armature
of the series magnet will be released & will come against the armature of the shant
magnet which will prevent it from coming against its contact piece.
Improvements in the Safety mechanism or Cut-out of EICCCTTC ATC
Lamps or other Electrical Apparatus.
FREDERICK CARRINGTON PHILLIPS of 2 Victoria Mansions Westminster in the
County of Middlesex Electrical Engineer and HUGH ERAT HARRISON of the same
address Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the mechanism generally called the cut-out which is used
in connection with electric arc lamps or other electrical apparatus & whereby tho main
current in the lamp or other apparatus is automatically shunted or provided with a
path when the difference of potential in the lamps or apparatus becomes too great, as
for instance when the are in an arc lamp becomes abnorinally long.
According to this invention two electro magnets are used one of which is wound
with wire that is connected in series circuit with the arc or main current flowing
through the lamps or apparatus, this magnet will hereinafter bo called the series
magnet.

page_text: The second electro magnet hereinafter called the shunt magnet is wound with
wire that is connected in shunt to the main current flowing through the lamp or
apparatus.
The series magnet has a movable armature which when not attracted by it, is held
by gravity or a spring either against the armature of the shunt magnet or against a
contact piece, through which contact piece the lamp or apparatus has its current shunted
into a new path.
The shunt magnet has also a movable armature which when not attracted to it may
act as a stop to the armature of the series magnet so as to prevent it from coming
against the contact described above.
The armature of the shunt when attracted comes against a contact piece and
thereby momentarily performs the same function of short circuiting or shunting
the main current in the lamp or apparatus as the armature of the series magnet.
When the lamp or apparatus is in normal working, the series magnet holds its
armature away from contact with either the armature of the shunt magnet or its own
contact piece.
At the same time also, the armature of the shunt magnet is held by gravity or a
spring against a stop and in such a position as to prevent the armature of the series
magnet in case of its becoming released-from coming against its contact piece.
If now the difference of potential in the arc or apparatus becomes too great the
current that passes through the wire of the shunt magnet will become sufficiently
great to cause the shunt magnet to attract its armature which will then momentarily
shunt the main current, this will cause the armature of the series magnet to be released
and to come against its contact piece whereby the shunting of the main current will
be permanently effected until by reason of the normal path for the main current being
restored the series magnet attracts its armature from its contact piece and thereby
re-establishes the normal state of things and at the same time the armature of the
shunt magnet will be permitted to move back to its former position of rest.
When the supply of current to the lamp or apparatus is interrupted, the armature
of the series magnet will be released and will come against the armature of the shunt
magnet which will prevent it from coming against its contact piece.
Having thus described the nature of our invention we will proceed to describe its
operation by means of the diagrammatic drawing annexed.
At M is shewn the series magnet with its armature A.
At m is shewn the shunt magnet with its armature B.
The armatures A and B are held away from their respective magnets by gravity or
springs.
The contact pieces P and p. are connected together and to one end of a resistance R.
The other end of the resistance R is connected to one terminal of the lamp or
other apparatus.
The other terminal of the lamp or apparatus is connected to the iron of the
magnets M and m.
The shunt wire of the magnet m is connected to the terminals of the lamp or other
apparatus in suitable manner as shown.
The wire wound on magnet M the series magnet, is connected between the terminals
of the lamp or apparatus in such manner that the main current will flow through it,
as for instance one end is connected to one end of the resistance R and the other
end is connected to the carbon electrode or other electrode in the lamp or apparatus
as shewn.
The drawing shows the mechanism in a position of rest and with no current flowing
through it.
The armature A rests on B by the pegs which is rigidly fixed in armature A.
If current be sent through the lamp or apparatus it will flow through the wire or
coil of the magnet M through the electrodes E, E and through the iron of the
magnets M and m and the armature A will be raised.
If now the difference of potential in the lamp or apparatus exceeds a certain limit
the magnet m will become sufficiently strong to attract its armature B against the

page_text: eontact piece p, and will thereby complete the shunt circuit through the resistance R
this will cause the armature A to drop or be pulled against the contact piece P, which
it is free to do since the armature B being against or near the contact piece p will not
be in the way of the peg s.
The resistance of R is made of appreciable magnitude and to bear a certain
relation to the resistance of the wire on M so that when a short circuit is again
established through M it may become sufficiently strong to attract its armature
away from the contact piece P and thereby throw the lamp or apparatus into operation
again.
It will be evident that the pegs may be dispensed with and a hole made in the
armature A in such manner that when the armature B is against or nearly against
the contact piece p the armature A may be free to drop down without coming against
the armature B.
Having thus described the nature of our invention and the manner of performing
the same we would have it understood that we claim :-
1. The application and use of a series magnet for the purpose of effecting the
making or breaking of a short circuit of a lamp or other electrical apparatus in
combination or conjunction with a shunt magnet for causing and permitting the said
magnet to perform its short circuiting function and of at certain other times preventing
the series magnet from performing such short circuiting function.
2. The combination of a series magnet and a shunt magnet with contacts P and p
the armature of the series magnet being made with a hole or slot or provided with a
peg substantially as described and shown.
3. The combination of a series magnet and a shunt magnet with a resistance R
substantially as described and shewn.
4. The combination of parts constituting the improved safety mechanism or "cut
out" for electric arc lamps or other electrical apparatus constructed arranged and
operating as hereinbefore described with reference to and illustrated by the drawing
annexed.
Dated this 19th day of March 1888.