A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM AND HEATING WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HEARN, of Southampton Street, Pentonville, in the Parish of Saint James,
Clerkenwell, and County of Middlesex, Engineer, and WILLIAM DAVIES, of
Upper North Place, Gray's Inn Road, in the Parish of Saint Pancras, and
County of Middlesex, Plumber, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letter's Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the first year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said William
Hearn and William Davies, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that' we, the said William Hearn and William Davies, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Hearn and William Davies, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick
upon Tweed, our Invention of "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM AND HEATING
WATER OR OTHER FLUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that we, the said William Hearn and William Davies, or one of us, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Hearn and William Davies, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and
the following description thereof (that is to say):
Figure 1 is a side view; Figure 2, an end or front view, and Figure 3,
the opposite end view of a waggon tilt steam boiler, for supplying steam to
steam engines, or for other purposes, having our said improvements or appa-
ratus attached to it. A, in Figures 1 and 2, is a metal box rivetted to the
front end of the boiler, and opening into it. B, B, &c. are metal pipes, or tubes,
with flanches at their ends, secured to the box by screwing, rivetting, or
otherwise. These pipes or tubes descend from below the level of the water in
the boiler and pass underneath it through the fire-place; they then ascend and
enter the back end of the boiler, above the level of the water contained within
it, where they are likewise secured by flanges, screwed or rivetted. By this
means a rapid circulation of the water is produced as it is heated in passing
through the fire, it entering at the lower ends of the pipes, and passing off
heated into the boiler at their upper ends, and at the same time giving off the
steam generated thereby. C, in Figure 1, is a metal plate pierced with holes
which is secured at both ends to the boiler, and is placed in a diagonal situation
opposite to the upper ends of the pipes or tubes B, B, &c. Its use is to cause the
water which comes over with the steam to be separated from it, and be thrown
downwards into the water again, whilst the steam is thereby rendered purer.
Figure 4 is an under view, showing the bottom of the boiler, and the pipes or
tubes B, B, &c. underneath it. Figure 5 is a side view of another waggon tilt
steam boiler, shewing another arrangement of the pipes or tubes B, B, &c.
Here the two external ones proceed as above described from the box A,
and as shewn in the under view, Figure 6, and pass underneath the bottom of
the boiler, but instead of passing to the opposite end of it, they are turned
sideways, and pass into the boiler at its sides, above the level of the water in it.
The two pipes or tubes next to them likewise proceed from the box A, but
enter the back end of the boiler, above the level of water, in the manner
first described, whilst the middle pipe or tube B, proceeds from the box A a
certain distance underneath the bottom of the boiler, and then returns and

page_text: enters the boiler at its front and above the level of the water. Figure 5
likewise exhibits another pipe or tube B, proceeding from the back end of the
boiler, passing underneath it, and then arising and entering its front end above
the level of the water. Figure 7 is a front end view of the boiler, Figure 5,
and Figure 8 is a back end view of it. Figure 9 is a transverse section
through the boiler, shewing the metal diagonal plate C perforated with holes.
Figure 10 is a side view of a cylindrical boiler, with hemispherical ends. B, a
metal pipe or tube proceeding from the lower part of the front end of the
boiler, below the level of the water, passing underneath the boiler through the
fire-place, and entering the back end of it, above the level of the water. C is
the diagonal metal plate. Figure 11 is a back end view of the boiler,
Figure 10. Figure 12 is an elevation of the front of a marine boiler, com-
posed of six boilers, arranged side by side; Figure 13, the back view thereof,
and Figure 14 is a side view of it. A, in Figures 12 and 14, is the metal
box; B, B, the pipes or tubes descending from the box B, passing through the
fire-places underneath the boilers, and arising and entering the backs of them
above the level of the water. The pipes or tubes may, however, occasionally
proceed from the front of the boilers themselves, and not from the box A. In
Figures 1, 3, 5, 7, and 8, D represents the upper parts of the pipes or
tubes B,B, &c. shewn separately on a larger scale in Figure 15, as being forme
of copper tinned inside, or any other fit and proper metal, also tinned inside,
less liable to corrosion than iron or copper alone, and fitted by means of screws
or otherwise to the other parts of the pipes with the intention of rendering
them less liable to corrode by the action of the heat or steam. Instead of
steam boilers the above may be used for the purpose of heating water, by
filling them nearly or entirely therewith, and in order to convey hot water for
the purpose of heating baths, or for any other use, we affix to the boiler by
means of a flanch a metal pipe E, Figure 5, with a stop-cock F, and an air
pipe G, likewise furnished with a stop-cock; the pipe E being led to the
baths or other vessels requiring to be heated. In the case of conveying steam
for heating vapour baths or other purposes, we affix upon the top of the boiler
an upright metal pipe H, Figure 16, having a valve upon its top opening
upwards, and also a pipe I, for the purpose of conveying the steam to the
vapour baths or other vessels. Figure 17 represents an open boiler, having a
pipe or tube B proceeding from its lower part, and passing underneath the
boiler, it enters at its upper part, being also passed through the fire-place
beneath the boiler. Figure 18 represents a similar boiler, furnished with four
similar pipes or tubes, of which three B, B, B, are shewn. Figure 19 is

page_text: another similar boiler, with three pipes or tubes, two of which are shewn
at B, B; 'all three are seen in the plan of it, Figure 20; here the pipes or
'tubes, 'instead of passing straight upwards, as in Figures 17 and 18, are curved
and pass obliquely upwards, entering the boiler at a tangent, whereby they
will give a circular movement or stirring action to the substances to be boiled,
as particularly in the case of soap boiling, boiling palm oil, or other oils. As
the rapid action or circulation produced in these arrangements must necessarily
carry off" much of the heat from the furnace, so it will be desirable to supply it
with hot air. This may be effected by dividing the brick flues passing along
the sides of the boilers in the midst, by means of metal plates, as is seen in
Figure 2, at J, J, and which said plates will licat the cold air entering from
without, through apertures made in the flues, and which is then to be conveyed
into the ash-pit, and passing througli the bars of the grate will greatly increase
the perfect combustion of the fewel, and convert the smoke into flame, previous
to its entering the flues and the stack or chimney; the ash-pit being of
'course shut by means of doors. The brickwork setting of the different boilers
is shewn in the Figures; Figure 21, being the front end of boiler Figure 5.
'Additional hot air may likewise be procured when necessary by forming the
sides of the fire-place of iron plates and making flues in the brickwork outside
of them, into which air may be admitted at the back end of the boiler, and be
likewise conveyed into the ash-pit under the grate, as before mentioned.
Register plates or slides should also be provided at the back entrance of the
hot air flues, to regulate or shut off the air occasionally, as in case of burning
coke or anthracite, or coal without bitumen, affording no flame, the air would
be rather prejudicial than useful. The steam boilers must be provided with
guage pipes, for ascertaining the quantity of water contained therein, supply
pipes, expansion and vacuum valves, and the other usual appendages to steam
boilers, but which not being new, need not be more particularly described
herein. We do not mean or intend hereby to claim as our Invention any of
the various parts of which the boilers may be composed, which are already
known or in use, but only our modes of using them. `Nor do we mean to limit
ourselves to the employment of any particular metal or metals, or combinations
of metals in the construction thereof, but to use any which are fit and proper
for the purpose. We do, however, hereby claim the use of the metal pipes or
tubes B, B, &c. proceeding from the lower parts of the boilers, below the level of
the water or other fluids contained therein, passing through the fire underneath
the boilers, and entering them above, either in the water in the open boilers, or
above the level of the water in the steam boilers, or into the water in the

page_text: boilers for heating water for the supply of baths, or other purposes. We like-
wise claim the mode of heating air for promoting the burning of the smoke and
kindling it into flame before it enters the flues, stack, or chimney, and whether
applied to our boilers or to any others.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Hearn and William Davies,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of February,
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.