IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND IN THE PROCESS THEREFor
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rudolf Edward Frank of Red Cross Street in the City of
London for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF
GLASS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES AND IN THE PROCESS THEREFor"
A com-
munication from Luigi Micciullo known as Dominique Scotellari of Rossano
in the Kingdom of Italy.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rudolf Edward Frank at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1882.
RUDOLF FRANK of Red Cross Street in the City of London,
IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE PROCESS
"
THEREFOR A communication from Luigi Micciullo known as Dominique Scotellari
of Rossano in the Kingdom of Italy.
This invention in copying and multiplying works of art and others on glass,
china, tiles, or other vitreous objects or metals to be ornamented.
With a sensitive varnish of adhesive properties the object or surface to be
ornamented is covered and the transparent pattern, picture, design, or object to be
reproduced is placed against the varnished surface, when the light will make an
impression upon the varnish; after a few minutes it is removed and oxides or
colors are applied in the ordinary way and will adhere more or less according
to the degree to which the adhesiveness of the varnish has been more or less
affected according to lights and shades in the picture design etc to be reproduced.
The varnish may be composed of yellow gelatine, gum tragacanth and quince
seeds mixed with rain water and chrome salts, such as bichromate of potash, added
to sensitize it.
"
These oxides are now protected by a coat of thick turpentine such as is known
in France as terebenthine grasse" and the other superfluous parts of the varnish
removed by immersion for 24 hours, more or less in water acidulated with
vinegar or other acid. The object under treatment is then dried touched up and
further coloured with metallic oxides if desired, and fired in a kiln.

page_text: Copies of works of art and the like, such as portraits on glass (whether seen by
transparency or by reflection) and either fired or not, whether they are drawn
from nature, or a copy of photographs or of other designs, are with advantage
produced by making two or more fac simile copies as above described, the said
copies being exactly fitted one over the other. Two copies are sufficient in most
cases. Upon one of these enamels, metallic oxides or other suitable colors may
be applied or it may be touched up and after the colours are fired the second copy
is placed over the coloured one so that all details and contours register exactly in
both pictures, and consequently appear as a single image to the eye The two
copies are united either by joints, by leads or framing or they may be cemented
together or fired with a flux applied at the edges so that the two being as it were
welded together form a single piece; this may be effected simultaneously with
the firing.
Where a simple ornamental design, or ornamented surface without figures &c is
desired, it can be obtained upon glass and other articles by applying a varnish
composed of asphaltum, pitch or an equivalent material dissolved in spirits of
turpentine to which sulphuric ether is added. The plate is then dried and the
design applied or formed in the varnish and the plate &c treated with fluoric acid
and water, then washed in water and the varnish removed as will be readily
understood.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Rudolf Edward Frank in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th June 1883.
i
RUDOLF EDWARD FRANK of Red Cross Street in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN
THE PROCESS THEREFOR" A communication from Luigi Micciullo known as
Dominique Scotellari of Rossano in the kingdom of Italy.
()
This invention relates to improvements in copying and multiplying works of art
and others on glass, china, tiles, or other vitreous objects or metals to be
ornamented.
With a sensitive varnish of adhesive properties the object or surface to be
ornamented is covered and the transparent pattern, picture, design, or object to
be reproduced is placed against the varnished surface where the light will make an
impression upon the varnish; hardening. the lighter parts and leaving the dark
parts soft; after a few minutes it is removed and oxides or colors are applied-in
the ordinary way, say as follows:-
The finely pulverized colors or enamels are taken up (in a dry state) by a brush,
applied to the parts where they are required, which can be clearly distinguished in
the layer of varnish on the article to be ornamented.
:
The colors, enamels or metallic oxides adhere more or less according to the
degree to which the adhesiveness of the varnish has been affected that is to say
according to lights and shades in the picture, design etc. to be reproduced, or
according to whether the varnish has hardened more or less.
The varnish may be composed of yellow gelatine, gum tragacanth, and quince-
seeds mixed with rain water and chrome salts, such as bichromate of potash, added
to sensitize it.
The composition of the varnish may greatly vary and has to be adapted to the
weather, the state of the atmosphere, and similar conditions; for normal conditions -
it may be prepared by mixing the said ingredients in the following proportions:
500 parts
Filtered water
Gelatine
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Rudolf Edward Frank in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th June 1883.
i
RUDOLF EDWARD FRANK of Red Cross Street in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF GLASS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IN
THE PROCESS THEREFOR A communication from Luigi Micciullo known as
Dominique Scotellari of Rossano in the kingdom of Italy.
"
")
This invention relates to improvements in copying and multiplying works of art
and others on glass, china, tiles, or other vitreous objects or metals to be
ornamented:
With a sensitive varnish of adhesive properties the object or surface to be
ornamented is covered and the transparent pattern, picture, design, or object to
be reproduced is placed against the varnished surface where the light, will make an
impression upon the varnish; hardening. the lighter parts and leaving the dark
parts soft; after a few minutes it is removed and oxides or colors are applied-in
the ordinary way, say as follows:-
The finely pulverized colors or enamels are taken up (in a dry state) by a brush,
applied to the parts where they are required, which can be clearly distinguished in
the layer of varnish on the article to be ornamented.
:
The colors, enamels or metallic oxides adhere more or less according to the
degree to which the adhesiveness of the varnish has been affected that is to say
according to lights and shades in the picture, design etc. to be reproduced, or
according to whether the varnish has hardened more or less.
'
The varnish may be composed of yellow gelatine, gum tragacanth, and quince-
seeds mixed with rain water and chrome salts, such as bichromate of potash, added
to sensitize it.
'
The composition of the varnish may greatly vary and has to be adapted to the
weather, the state of the atmosphere, and similar conditions; for normal conditions -
it may be prepared by mixing the said ingredients in the following proportions:-
Filtered water
Gelatine
Gum tragacanth
Quince-seeds
Chromo-salt (in crystals)
500 parts
1 part
10 parts
3 parts
40 parts
If the atmosphere is very dry the quince-seeds may be replaced by sugar,
glucose, or honey; or these latter substances may be used in addition. As a
substitute for gum tragacanth, gum arabic may be used in the proportion of say
13 parts.
-
It may, here be repeated that these proportions are merely approximate as no
absolute rule can be laid down as to the exact preparation of the varnish which
will have to be varied as directed by experience according to the conditions of the
light, the degree of dryness of the air and other conditions, but practice will
readily suggest what is requisite, to those skilled in kindred processes.
When the oxides have been applied, they are protected by a coat of thick
turpentine such as is known in France as "terebenthine grasse" attenuated, if
required, by common turpentine and the other superfluous parts of the varnish

page_text: (viz the proportion of acid therein) may be varied within reasonable limits and
determines the length of time which the immersion has to last. The more acid in
the bath, the shorter the immersion, the weaker the bath the longer the immersion
has to be.
The object under treatment is then dried touched up and further coloured with
metallic oxides if desired, and fired in a kiln.
1
Copies of works of art and the like, such as portraits on glass, (whether seen by
transparency or by reflection) and either fired or not, whether they are drawn from
nature, or a copy of photographs or of other designs, are with advantage produced
by making two or more fac simile copies as above described, the said copies being
exactly fitted. one over the other. Two copies, whereof one at least is transparent;
are sufficient in most cases. Upon one of these, the enamels, metallic oxides or
other suitable colors may be applied, or it may be touched up, after the colours
are fired the second copy is placed over, the coloured one so that all details and
contours register exactly in both pictures, and consequently appear as a single
image to the eye. The two copies are united either by joints, by leads, or framing,
or they may be cemented together, or, especially if of glass, fired with a flux
applied at the edges, so that the two being fused together; form a single piece; this
may also, when practicable, be effected by the firing which fixes the colours.
"The manner of uniting the plates by the interposition and fusion of a flux is the
one which is preferable, it may with or without slight modification be employed
for uniting plates produced by processes other than herein described.
:
7
Where a simple ornamental design, or ornamented surface without figures &c
is desired, it can be obtained upon glass and other articles by applying a varnish
composed of asphaltum; pitch or an equivalent material dissolved in spirits of
turpentine to which sulphuric ether is added! The plate is then dried, and the
design applied or forms naturally in the varnish and the plate &c is then treated
with fluoric acid and water, mixed in suitable proportions, then washed in water
and the varnish removed as will be readily understood.
:
This manner of proceeding produces plates &e which have a "frosted" or
"crackled" appearance, that is to say, they appear, as if covered by numerous vein-
like grooves or marks.
The varnish for this purpose may consist of:-
Asphaltum
Spirits of turpentine
Sulphuric ether
€ 1.
100 parts
50 parts
50 parts
These proportions may however vary considerably, and according to their
variation will produce a different design.
The sulphuric ether may be replaced by light naptha or by benzoline.
The component parts of the varnish do not enter into chemical combination,
but merely. become mechanically mixed. The mixture is applied to the article by
means of a brush or a pad similarly to "stippling." By this means tlie non-volatile
fatty component parts of the varnish adhere in flakes or patches to the article and
protect it, and the fluoric acid attacks only the parts not so protected and thereby
the design is produced.
Having now described the nature of the said invention as communicated to me
and the manner of performing the same I wish it to be understood that what I
claim and desire to protect under the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is :-
First: A sensitive adhesive varnish consisting essentially of water, gelatine, gum,
quince-seeds or their equivalent, and chrome salt, prepared substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
Second: The process for producing pictures patterns or designs upon glass, china,
pottery or other vitreous substances or metal by applying a sensitive adhesive varnish,
followed by enamels, metallic oxides, or other suitable colours, the latter being then
protected by a suitable coating whilst the varnish is removed from the unprotected

page_text: parts, and subsequently firing the articles in a kiln or furnace substantially as
described.
Third: The ornamenting of plates or articles of glass, china, or other material
by producing upon the surface thereof. a frosted" or "crackled" appearance by
first covering it with a suitable varnish and then immersing it in a bath of fluoric
acid substantially as described.
-
Fourth-The varnish for making articles with a "frosted" or "crackled ".
appearance consisting of asphaltum, turpentine and sulphuric ether or their
equivalents, substantially as set forth.
Fifth-The uniting of ornamental plates of glass and the like by the inter-
position of a flux, and fusion, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Rudolf Edward Frank have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twelfth day of June in the year of Our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
RUDOLF EDWARD FRANK (LS.)