Improvements in Machines for Dosing or Charging Bottles and other Vessels.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Mar., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 8th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1898
BACKAL DIECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Dosing or Charging Bottles and other
Vessels.
We, AUGUSTUS PEARCE BLAXTER, AUGUSTUS PEARCE BLAXTER the younger,
and GEORGE WILLIAM CHALONER, trading as Barnett & Foster, all of Niagara
Works, Eagle Wharf Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to improvements in machines for filling bottles and other
vessels with a definite and pre-arranged quantity of liquid and is more particularly
intended and designed for injecting known doses of aerated or carbonated"
beverages into dark or opaque vessels which would otherwise have to be charged
by guess work owing to the difficulty or impossibility of watching the progress
of the filling or charging operation and checking or arresting it at the desired
moment.
An important feature of our invention is that it allows of the required doses
of the aerated or carbonated liquids to be manipulated without serious or appreci-
able loss of gas with its attendant depreciation of quality and in many cases
probable formation of foam or froth. Such loss of gas is prevented by the
maintainance of a top pressure on the surface of the measured dose of liquid
throughout its passage from the aerating or carbonating cylinder or other
charging apparatus to the bottle or other vessel intended to finally receive and
contain it. In carrying our invention into practical effect we provide a cylinder of
known capacity and fit the interior of the same with a pressure tight piston free
to move in an axial direction along the said cylinder in the manner to be herein-
after described. We provide suitable means to limit the stroke of the said piston
so that the quantity of liquid discharged from the cylinder by the movement
of the piston may be adjusted to any required amount less than that amount
discharged by the full stroke of the piston. We connect the said piston in any
suitable manner with a second piston moving in unison with the first piston
within a cylinder having a cross section of lesser area than has that already
described. Each cylinder is open to the atmosphere at one end and they are
so arranged that when the piston of one is moving outwards towards its open
end that of the other one is moving inwards towards its closed end. The
closed end of each cylinder is provided with suitable valves or cocks,
or other suitable devices by means of which communication may be established
with one or other of two parts or ways, to two separate vessels. In the case of the
cylinder of lesser sectional area these two vessels are respectively the upper part
of the apparatus containing the store of carbonated liquid under pressure intended
to be measured and a receiver charged with carbonic acid gas (or such other gas
as may be suitable) at a pressure greater than that at which the liquid to be
measured is charged. In the case of the cylinder of greater sectional area these

page_text: two vessels are respectively the lower part of the said apparatus containing the
store of carbonated liquid under pressure and the bottle or other vessel designed
to receive the measured dose of liquid. Communication with this last vessel-
the bottle or the like-may be by way of any suitable filling and stoppering or
corking machine as may be necessary to effect the sealing or closing of the mouth
of the charged bottle. It will be understood that to such filling and stoppering
or corking machine the device forming the subject of our invention will in most
cases be fitted. The said valves, cocks or other suitable devices are so arranged
that they may operate simultaneously or successively in any convenient manner
so as to effect the proper working of the device as hereinafter described.
On communication-by means of the said valves cocks or other suitable
devices being made between the store of carbonated liquid and the eylinder of
greater sectional area, and between the cylinder of lesser sectional area and the
gas space above the level of the liquid in the said store of carbonated liquid the
larger piston is driven outward along its cylinder and with it the smaller piston
is driven into its cylinder the gaseous contents of which are thereby propelled
through the intervening connecting pipes into the store from which the charge of
carbonated liquid was drawn. As will be readily understood this movement is
due to the difference in area of the two pistons which are both subject to the
same pressure per square inch. At this stage the larger or measuring cylinder
is charged with a given quantity of the carbonated liquid.
On the valves cocks or other suitable devices being operated so as to cut off the
communication with the store of carbonated liquid last described and to establish
communication with the other two vessels, named gus at high pressure is admitted
behind the smaller piston which is thereby moved forward and with it the
larger piston driving before it the charge of carbonated liquid into the bottle or
other vessel placed to receive it.
On the valves cocks or other controlling devices being returned to their first
described position in which both cylinders are connected with the store of
carbonated liquid the return stroke is effected in the manner already described.
It will be seen that the smaller cylinder may be considered to be a motor cylinder
which "exhausts" into the store from which the liquid to be measured is drawn.
In practice the areas of the two pistons and the difference in pressure per square
inch between the pressure of the carbonated liquid and the pressure of the store
of gas at high pressure may be so adjusted that the high pressure gas exhausted
from the smaller cylinder will when expanded to the lower pressure of the
carbonated liquid occupy approximately the space of the charge of carbonated
liquid withdrawn. It will be understood that when the proportions of area and
pressures are so arranged no other means of maintaining the pressure of or on the
carbonated or other liquid to be measured and bottled will be required.
This invention may obviously be applied to the dosing of bottles or other
vessels with liquids other than carbonated beverages. In such case the liquid
will be contained within a closed receiver and subjected to a top pressure of air
or gas sufficient to drive it into the larger or measuring cylinder in the manner
described. A notable application of our invention in this way is the syruping of
bottles to be afterwards filled up with aerated water. When it is desired to
avoid the effect that a quantity of dead" or unaerated syrup has upon the quality
of aerated water mixed with it in the bottle the syrup itself may be carbonated
or aerated in the receiver from which it is drawn by the measuring apparatus
described.
The use of such high pressures in aerating water would therefore be unnecessary
and a saving in bottles effected.
AUGUSTUS P. BLAXTER
AUG. P. BLAXTER, JUNE..
G. W. CHALONER.

page_text: Improvements in Machines for Dosing or Charging Bottles and other
Vessels.
We, AUGUSTUS PEARCE BLAXTER, AUGUSTUS PEARCE BLAXTER, the younger,
and GEORGE WILLIAM CHALONER, trading as Barnett & Foster, all of Niagara
Works, Eagle Wharf Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, &c., do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in machines for filling bottles and other
vessels with a definite and pre-arranged quantity of liquid and is more particularly
intended and designed for injecting known doses of aerated or "carbonated
beverages into dark or opaque vessels which would otherwise have to be charged
by guess work owing to the difficulty or impossibility of watching the progress
of the filling or charging operation and checking or arresting it at the desired
moment.
An important feature of our invention is that it allows of the required doses
of the aerated or carbonated liquids to be manipulated without serious or appreci-
able loss of gas with its attendant depreciation of quality and in many cases
probable formation of foam or froth. Such loss of gas is prevented by the
maintenance of a top pressure on the surface of the measured dose of liquid
throughout its passage from the aerating or carbonating cylinder or other
charging apparatus to the bottle or other vessel intended to finally receive and
contain it.
In carrying our invention into practical effect we provide a cylinder of
known capacity and fit the interior of the same with a pressure tight piston free
to move in an axial direction along the said cylinder in the manner to be herein-
after described. We provide suitable means to limit the stroke of the said piston
so that the quantity of liquid discharged from the cylinder by the movement
of the piston may be adjusted to any required amount less than that amount
discharged by the full stroke of the piston. We connect the said piston in any
suitable manner with a second piston moving in unison with the first piston
within a cylinder having a cross section of lesser area than has that already
described. Each cylinder is open to the atmosphere at one end and they are
so arranged that when the piston of one is moving outwards towards its open
end that of the other one is moving inwards towards its closed end.
The closed end of each cylinder is provided with suitable valves or cocks
or other suitable devices by means of which communication may be established
with one or other of two ports or ways to two separate vessels. In the case of the
cylinder of lesser sectional area these two vessels are respectively the upper part
of the apparatus containing the store of carbonated liquid under pressure intended
to be measured and a receiver charged with carbonic acid gas (or such other gas
as may be suitable) at a pressure greater than that at which the liquid to be
measured is charged. In the case of the cylinder of greater sectional area these
two vessels are respectively the lower part of the said apparatus containing the
store of carbonated liquid under pressure and the bottle or other vessel designed
to receive the measured dose of liquid. Communication with this last vessel-
the bottle or the like-may be by way of any suitable filling and stoppering or
corking machine as may be necessary to effect the sealing or closing of the mouth
of the charged bottle. It will be understood that to such filling and stoppering
or corking machine the device forming the subject of our invention will in such
cases be fitted.

page_text: The said valves, cocks or other suitable devices are so arranged that they may
be operated simultaneously or successively in any convenient n.anner so as to effect
the proper working of the device as hereinafter described.
On communication-by means of the said valves cocks or other suitable
devices-being made between the store of carbonated liquid and the cylinder of
greater sectional area, and between the cylinder of lesser sectional area and the
gus space above the level of the liquid in the said store of carbonated liquid, the
larger piston is driven outward along its cylinder and with it the smaller piston
is driven into its cylinder the gaseous contents of which are thereby propelled
through the intervening connecting pipes into the store from which the charge of
carbonated liquid was drawn. As will be readily understood this movement is
due to the difference in area of the two pistons which are both subject to the
same pressure per square inch.
.
At this stage the larger or measuring cylinder is charged with a given quantity
of the carbonated liquid.
On the valves cocks or other suitable devices being operated so as to cut off the
communication with the store of carbonated liquid last described and to establish
communication with the other two vessels named, gas at high pressure is admitted
behind the smaller piston which is thereby moved forward and with it the
larger piston driving before it the charge of carbonated liquid, into the bottle or
other vessel placed to receive it.
On the valves cocks or other controlling devices being returned to their first
described position in which both cylinders are connected with the store of
carbonated liquid the return stroke is effected in the manner already described.
It will be seen that the smaller cylinder may be considered to be a motor cylinder
which "exhausts" into the store from which the liquid to be measured is drawa.
In practice the areas of the two pistons and the difference in pressure per square
inch between the pressure of the carbonated liquid and the pressure of the store
of gas at high pressure may be so adjusted that the high pressure gas exhausted
from the smaller cylinder will when expanded to the lower pressure of the
carbonated liquid, occupy approximately the space of the charge of carbonated
liquid withdrawn. It will be understood that when the proportions of area and
pressure are so arranged no other means of maintaining the pressure of or on the
carbonated or other liquid to be measured and bottled will be required.
This invention may obviously be applied to the dosing of bottles or other
vessels with liquids other than carbonated beverages. In such case the liquid
will be contained within a closed receiver and subjected to a top pressure of air
or gas sufficient to drive it into the larger or measuring cylinder in the manner
described. A notable application of our invention in this way is the syruping of
bottles to be afterwards filled up with aerated water. When it is desired to
avoid the effect that a quantity of "dead" or unaerated syrup has upon the quality
of aerated water mixed with it in the bottle the syrup itself may be carbonated
or aerated in the receiver from which it is drawn by the measuring apparatus
described. The use of such high pressures in aerating water would therefore be
unnecessary and a saving in bottles effected.
And in order that our invention may be more fully understood and carried
into effect we have appended hereto one sheet of drawings of which Fig. 1 is an
elevation and Fig. 2 a vertical section of an apparatus constructed according to
our invention. The remaining figures show the controlling valve or cock in
detail.
The measuring cylinder A is of known capacity and is preferably constructed of
glass (as shewn) in order that the proper working of the apparatus may be at
all times seen by the operator. It is fitted with a pressure tight piston B the
movement of which is limited by a stop C which consists of a screw spindle or stem
passing through a pressure tight stuffing box in the end of the smaller
cylinder D. The position of this stop may be adjusted by screwing it inwards
or outwards through the fixed nut E by means of the hand wheel shewn. It
"
motor
23

page_text: E
will be understood that the more the said stop C projects, by reason of the said
adjustment, into the cylinder D the shorter will be the stroke of the piston B
because of the earlier contact of the smaller piston F carried at the other ex-
tremity of the same piston rod G as the piston B. The smaller piston F fits the
bore of the cylinder D which is mounted in line with the cylinder A, and an
opening as at H is made in the wall of the cylinders to establish communication
with the atmosphere so as to permit of the free working of the pistons.
Each cylinder has to be connected alternately with one of two pipes for the
purpose already described. This connection we prefer to effect by means of the
plug cock shewn in both the figures already referred to and also at Figs. 3, 4, & 5.
It will be seen that the plug of this cock is provided with two V shaped passages
each of which controls one of the cylinders A, D. These passages are shewn at
Fig. 4 which consists of two cross sections of the plug. From this figure it
will be seen that a quarter turn of the plug serves to reverse the connections of
hoth cylinders simultaneously. The passages in the cock are marked 1 to 6;
1 communicates with the large cylinder and 4 with the smaller cylinder. In one
extreme position the plug connects the passage 1 with the liquor supply by way
of the passage 3, and the passage 4 with the upper part of the same vessel by
way of the "exhaust" passage 5. In the other extreme position of the plug the
passage 1 is connected with the bottle or other vessel to receive the measured
charge by way of the passage 2; and the passage 4 with the supply of gas at high
pressure by way of the passage 6.
The apparatus is attached to the filling machine that it is to supply by means
of a suitable bracket or other support J and the connection 2 connected to the
filling head of such machine by means of a pipe. Connections 3 and 5 are con-
nected respectively to the lower and upper parts of the store of carbonated liquor
and connection 6 to the supply of high pressure gas. The plug of the cock may be
operated by hand or by connection with any suitable moving part of the filling
machine to which the apparatus is attached.
We may here point out that for measuring doses of liquids other than aerated
or carbonated liquor the apparatus employed and its operation will be the same
as described excepting that atmospheric air under pressure may be used as the
motor fluid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner it is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: —
1. A machine or apparatus for dosing or charging bottles or other vessels with
known and pre-arranged quantities of carbonated or other liquors under pressure
consisting of two cylinders of different sectional area fitted with pistons moving
together combined with a valve or cock for controlling the inlet and outlet to
the cylinders substantially as described.
2. In a machine or apparatus for dosing or charging bottles or other vessels
with known and pre-arranged quantities of carbonated liquors the use of high
pressure carbonic acid or other gas as a motor fluid and the discharge or
exhaust" of the same into the vessel containing the carbonated liquid yet to be
bottled substantially as described.
Dated thin Dichth
T
1000
AUGUSTUS P. BLAXTER.
AUG. P. BLAXTER, JUNR.
G. W. CHALONER.