matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FORM OF ROTARY ENGINE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Snell Chenhall at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1880.
JOHN SNELL CHENHALL, of 55, Castle St., in the City and County of Bristol,
Gloucester, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED FORM OF ROTARY ENGINE."
I use a square or round chambered annular cylinder encircling the shaft and
enclosing its main bearings. It has a steam chest and slide valve; a revolving
piston in direct connexion with the shaft; a moving abutment working horizontally
in a line with the main shaft. The abutment is driven by suitable levers in
connexion with main shaft, or by steam suitably applied. The cylinder chamber
may be square, round, or other form.
The whole forms a new rotary engine, and is driven by steam, gas, water,
compressed air, or other motive force, as is most convenient or economical, and may
so be called either a steam engine, gas engine, water engine, air engine, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FISH PLATES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1880. A communication
from abroad by William Butcher, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FISH PLATES." A communication from abroad
by William Butcher, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to fish plates for connecting the ends of rails for railways,
and it has for its object imparting a certain amount of lightness and elasticity to
the said plates by making them of a peculiar shape as hereinafter described,
whereby the bolts are rendered less liable to become loosened by the vibration of
the traffic, and a more durable and efficient joint is produced than by the systems
heretofore employed, whilst at the same time a considerable saving is effected in the
cost of the metal required for the manufacture of the plates.
The essential feature of the Invention consists in the use of elastic fish plates
provided with webs, by means of which a more powerful tightening is obtained at
the extremities of the plate than at the middle, and a firmer joint is thereby
produced between the rails, whilst a sufficient bearing is obtained against the
upper and lower portions of the rail.
In carrying out this Invention the improved fish plates are so constructed as to
gradually diminish in thickness from the middle part of their length towards their
extremities, being also formed with parallel webs at their upper and lower edges,
which webs are of uniform depth and thickness throughout their length, and form
the bearings, surfaces, or points of contact between the fish plate and the rails. In
consequence of the elasticity imparted to the plates by means of this arrangement,
the bolts nearest to the extremities of the plates being tightened upon the thinner
portion of the plates are prevented from becoming loosened, and a similar effect is
obtained but in a less degree in the case of the bolts situate near the middle part
of the fish plates. The bolts are passed through the body of the fish plate in the
space between the webs, so as to ensure the rigidity of the joint, and thereby
prevent injurious shocks to the rolling stock and unsteadiness in the rails.
Independently of the advantages in the construction and security of the joints, a
considerable saving is found to be effected in the material employed, by reason of
the reduction of weight in the improved fish plates,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MOULDING BY HAND BRICK EARTH FOR BRICKS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hambrook Dean, of Sittingbourne, in the County
of Kent, Brick Maker, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN MOULDING BY HAND BRICK EARTH FOR BRICKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hambrook Dean at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1880.
GEORGE HAMBROOK DEAN, of Sittingbourne, in the County of Kent, Brick
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MOULDING BY HAND
BRICK EARTH FOR BRICKS."
Apparatus employed in moulding by hand brick earth for bricks is usually
formed of wood lined with metal. Such apparatus is found weighty and generally
cumbrous in use, and is readily destroyed, besides being costly. The object of my
Invention is to obtain strong, light, and durable apparatus for the purpose, and
such as will facilitate the operation of moulding.
For this purpose I form the side portions of the mould of steel rolled or formed
with flanged or broad top and bottom outer edges, so as to be comparatively thin
at the parts between these top and bottom edges, and these side parts are extended
somewhat beyond each end connecting piece, and the end pieces are flanged for
connection with the projections to the side picces.
By these flanged or broad top and bottom pieces with the projecting ends,
increased facility is afforded for the better handling of the parts of the moulding
apparatus.
The bottom plate or "stock" is also formed of steel plate raised to the figure or
device desired to be impressed on one surface of the brick or the "frog."
By these means cheap and durable apparatus for the purpose is obtained, which
by its lightness greatly facilitates operating with it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINERY FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Spivey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1880.
2
THEOPHILUS SPIVEY, of Birstal, near Leeds, in the County of York. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINERY FOR WEAVING."
Firstly. This Invention has special reference to the slot formed in the needles
employed in jacquard machinery. These slots which receive the jack hooks soon
wear longer or get enlarged by the frictional contact of the jack's hook sliding up and
down therein. To remedy this, I insert within the slot of the needle A (see Fig. 1)
a looso pieco B bearing against the spiral spring C, so that as the end of the loose
piece is worn by the frictional contact of the jack hook D, the spring forces the
loose piece up against the jack hook and the slot is thereby always of one uniform
length.
Secondly. The Invention relates to the construction of a new joint for joining
jack books and jack levers, and is illustrated in Fig. 2 of the accompanying
Drawings, G being the jack hook having a V or dovetail hollow part to receive
the corresponding shaped part H of the jack lever. The part H can only be
inserted laterally or sideways into the hollow formed in the jack hook.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR COATING METAL AND OTHER SURFACES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO FACIAS AND SIGN BOARDS AND FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Longman Switzer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1880.
THOMAS LONGMAN SWITZER, of Newport, Isle of Wight. "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR COATING METAL AND OTHER SURFACES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO
FACIAS AND SIGN BOARDS AND FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to produce a fine and durable enamel-like coating
on metal or other surfaces, combining also the advantage of elasticity, thus obviating
the liability to fracture.
According to this Invention I prepare the sheet iron or other surface as follows:-
The surface is first well cleaned from rust or dirt or any other extraneous substance.
This may be done by scouring with sand. It is then in a perfectly dry state coated
with what is commonly called "enamel dial varnish," or an admixture of other
varnishes, sometimes with and sometimes without the enamel dial varnish, according
to the nature of the work; it is then baked in a stove; one or more coats of
ground colours having been put on it, it is baked after each coat. All colours
cannot be worked in the same way, as some will require more care in the baking.
Colours such as blue, green of different shades, and purple colours, such as lake, will
require less heat or they will fly, but red, black, chromes, and white will stand a
much higher heat. White lead should not be used, but zinc white, and no other white
unless to mix with other colours.
A thin coat of varnish or an admixture of varnishes having then been put on,
the plate is baked again, and when quite hard placed on a flat surface and smoothed
with fine pumice stone and water; it is now ready to receive any further coats of
colour required, or it may have another course of varnishing and baking first.
The colours should be obtained dry and be ground very fine, as it will save time
in getting up the work and look better, but every coat should be carefully sand-
papered and dried before putting on the next. The colours should be mixed with
linseed oil, turpentine, varnish, or an admixture of varnishes, and sufficient sugar
of lead to dry the same. However it sometimes is necessary to omit the use of oil
altogether.
Should any of the colours work cloggy or woolly, less oil and more varnish should
be used, at the same time reducing the amount of sugar of lead.
Spirits of wine should be sometimes used instead of spirits of turpentine.
Lastly, a coat of varnish or varnishes should be applied and the plate then baked
once more.
The work may, if desired, be finished by hand, polishing with rotten stone and
oil (coach polishing), but this is somewhat expensive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOPS AND COVERS FOR MUSTARD AND PEPPER BOTTLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Miller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1880.
THOMAS MILLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOPS AND COVERS FOR MUSTARD AND PEPPER BOTTLES."
The part of this Invention referring to mustard pots consists in forming the
top or stopper with a conical base, the mount on the neck of the bottle or the neck
of the bottle itself being formed to receive the conc; at the lower end of the cone is
attached the spoon, and any required ornament is fixed upon the top of the stopper,
so that in serving the mustard this ornament answers for the spoon handle, and the
conical form of the stopper enables it to fall into position when the spoon is replaced
in the bottle.
The improvement in pepper tops consists in forming the upper surface without
the usual perforations, but making perforations in the sides only of the pepper top,
and thus enabling any required ornament to be attached to the upper surface of
the pepper top without interfering with the egress of the pepper, at the same time
the ornament being kept from contact with the pepper.
PISTONS AND STUFFING BOXES FOR PISTON AND OTHER RODS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN WATTS, of Broad Weir Engine Works, Bristol.
PISTONS AND STUFFING BOXES FOR PISTON AND OTHER RODS."
The object of this Invention is, first, to obtain a tight joint between pistons
and the cylinders in which they work, without excessive friction being occasioned
between the two as the piston works to and fro. For this purpose I form the
piston of two short cylinders, which are of less diameter than the interior of the
cylinder in which the piston is to work, and which are capable of sliding
telescopically one over the other; each short cylinder at one end has a flange
projecting outwards from it, which fits loosely against the interior of the cylinder
in which the piston is to work. One short cylinder is by a disc fixed to the piston
rod; the other short cylinder is carried by a disc which is capable of being slidden
along the piston rod. Around the exterior of the inner one of the two short
cylinders are placed a number of rings of vulcanized india rubber, or such like
elastic material, separated one from the other by flat.rings of sheet metal.
ring of vulcanized india rubber and of sheet metal fits loosely over the exterior of
the short cylinder, and against the interior of the cylinder in which the piston is
to work. The moveable disc of the piston and short cylinder carried by it are by
means of nuts screwed on to the piston rod, or by other means moved towards the
fixed disc of the piston; the elastic rings are thereby compressed and made to bulge
outwards, and fit and press to any desired extent against the interior of the cylinder
in which the piston works.
Each
The above way of forming pistons with an elastic packing is applicable for the
pistons of air pumps, and of other pumps or meters or engines in which the elastic
material of the packing will not be subjected to so high a temperature as to be
injured by it.
In the same way the packing of stuffing boxes may be composed of a number of
rings of elastic material, separated one from the other by flat rings of sheet metal,
and the elastic rings may by compression be caused to press against a piston or
other rod or plunger to obtain a tight joint without excessive friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDS FOR MAKING CASTINGS IN IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Crosthwaite at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1880.
JOSEPH CROSTHWAITE, of Borrowstouness, in the County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Iron Founder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOULDS FOR
MAKING CASTINGS IN IRON OR OTHER METALS."
The said Invention relates to improvements in the construction of moulds for
making metal castings, such as furnace pans, jaw-boxes, baths and cisterns, columns
and pipes, gutters and connections, coping, railing bars, sash-weights, and castings
of a similar kind, and has for its object so to construct the said moulds that they
may be used repeatedly, instead of it being necessary as is at present the case to
make a new mould for each casting. According to the said Invention the mould is
made of gannister cement, or sand and cement, or plumbago, or such other
refractory material, or mixture of such materials, as will give a smooth, compact,
and coherent body for the surface of the mould. The said material is confined or
protected in an iron, steel, or other metal box or case, the said metal extending
over the face joints of the box and abutting closely against the edge of the pattern,
thereby entirely dispensing with the necessity for a sand facing joint. Both the
drag" or under part and the top part may be formed as described, or one only
(either of them) may be so formed. The core as well as the outer mould, or either
the one or the other, may be formed in the manner herein before described. The
'gits" in furnace-pan moulds or the like may be formed of ordinary moulding
sund in a loose "git" piece passing through the mould made according to this
Invention.
**
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer William Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1880.
EBENEZER WILLIAM HUGHES, of No. 19, the Grove Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention has for its object to enable a fly or driving wheel to be constantly
revolved without other motive power than gravitation and centrifugal force. For
this purpose I construct a frame consisting of two vertical plates secured to a bed
plate opposite to and parallel with one another. Upon the inner side of each plate.
are cast or formed two projecting rings concentric with one another. Preferably
these rings are circular. A space is left between the two vertical plates, and in this
space is received the fly or driving wheel; the axis of the wheel is carried by
bearings which are received in horizontal slots in the two vertical plates on a level
with the centre of the concentric rings, and extending outwards from this centre.
Means are also provided for sliding the bearings along these horizontal slots towards
and from the centre of the concentric rings, and by this means the driving power
of the wheel can be adjusted. The power of the wheel will be increased by moving
its axis away from the centre of the concentric rings, and decreased by moving it
towards this centre. In the fly or driving wheel four, or it might be other number,
of radial slots are formed; these slots may be straight or somewhat curved. In
each of the slots is an axle box or bearing with a short axle passing through the
box or bearing, and having a solid roller on each of its projecting ends; these
rollers are received in the annular spaces between the concentric rings on the two
side plates, and as the fly or driving wheel revolves they travel round in the space
between these concentric rings, and when the axis of the wheel is eccentric to the
centre of the concentric rings their bearings move inwards and outwards along the
radial slots in the wheel. The rollers act as weights, and it will be seen that when
the axis of the wheel is eccentric to the centre of the concentric rings there will
always be a preponderance of weight on one side of the axis, so that into whatever
position the fly wheel may be turned it cannot be in a state of rest and must revolve.
Motion may be transmitted from the fly or driving wheel or from its axis to other
machinery in any ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GARTERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morgan Richards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1880.
JOHN MORGAN RICHARDS, of Charlotte Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GARTERS,”
This Invention relates to improved galvanic or electric garters for the cure or
alleviation of gout, rheumatic, and neuralgic pains, and for subduing cramp and
stiffness of the joints.
The improved garter of this Invention consists of a cotton or silk webbing or
fabric provided with suitable fastenings, and of a strip of metallic braid, for
instance gold braid, having at frequent intervals narrow strips of another metal,
such as zinc, for instance, lapped round it, the braid with the zinc strips so applied
being affixed to the inner surface of the garter, and secured thereto by rivetting,
and by cementing with a cement or substance not liable to be affected by the heat
and moisture of the leg, such as asphaltum, for instance. The metallic braid extends
nearly the whole length of the garter, and being pliable readily adapts itself to the
shape of the leg, whilst the strips of zinc being narrow and crossing the braid
transversely with certain intervals between do not materially stiffen the garter or
render it uncomfortable to wear.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND DISTILLING WATER FOR FREEZING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georg Friedrich Reinhold Lauth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1880.
GEORG FRIEDRICH REINHOLD LAUTH, of West Brompton, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND DISTILLING
WATER FOR FREEZING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention has for its object the more perfect and economical purification and
distillation of water for conversion into transparent ice, for feeding steam boilers,
drinking, and other purposes, than has hitherto been attained by the ordinary
means.
It consists in passing water, either in a filtered or a natural state, into a cylinder,
where it is utilised to cool and condense steam of, say, 30 lbs. pressure obtained from
a steam boiler. By this steam the water is heated to the point of evaporation and
passes into a second cylinder, where the organic impurities contained in the water
settle to the bottom. As soon as this cylinder is filled a self acting valve closes the
inlet pipe thereto until it again requires to be filled. After the impurities in the
water have settled to the bottom of this cylinder the water flows off into a third
cylinder, where steam taken from the exhaust pipe of the engine is employed to
heat the water as much as possible, which is then conducted into a fourth cylinder
where its remaining impurities are again allowed to settle, the water thus purified
being pumped into the steam boiler as feed water to be evaporated and condensed
as follows:-
Steam of about 56 lbs. pressure (more or less) is conducted into a worm pipe
contained by a cylinder, and from this pipe passes into a second cylinder containing
a smaller cylinder, through which cooling water is running; this water condenses
the steam to water, which, from time to time, is allowed to run into the first
cylinder where it surrounds the worm pipe containing the fresh stream from
the boiler, cooling the steam to some extent, and being itself brought again to
evaporation.
A valve is now opened in the top of the first cylinder for allowing impure gases
to escape, and being then closed again, the water is drawn off into the coil or worm
pipe of a third cylinder, this coil or worm pipe being surrounded by cooling water,
which cools the condensed steam sufficiently to allow of its being used for freezing
or other purposes.
In order to obtain the ice in a transparent condition all air is drawn out of the
steam water by means of suitable air valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1880.
JAMES BROWN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, Coachbuilder.
** IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING MACHINES."
This Invention, which has for its object improvements in machines for turning
or shaping wood, is especially applicable to the turning or shaping of oval, elliptical,
or other surfaces irregular in form, such, for example, as the spokes of carriage and
other wheels, and it consists of a framing whereon is mounted two pillow blocks
supporting a shaft, on which the cutting apparatus is carried. This apparatus
consists of a disc, around the periphery of which a series of curved cutting tools are
secured. The disc is caused to travel backwards and forwards on its shaft by
means of a second or screw shaft alternately actuated for that purpose in a right or
left hand direction by means of a change spur wheel and pinions. At each end of
the main framing a head is provided, in the upper part of which the articles to be
turned are adjusted, and firmly secured in the ordinary manner, whilst in the lower
part of the head a duplicate model or gauge of the article to be produced is held.
A wheel or disc carried on a shaft hung in brackets from a shaft passing through the
centre of the frame bears against the model or pattern, and the said wheel or disc
being also connected to the disc carrying the cutting tools the effect is that when the
machine is in motion the tools are caused to produce from the rough wood carried
in the upper part of the heads a fac-similie of the model or pattern secured in the
lower part. The heads are furnished with back balance weights to keep the wood
in contact with the cutting tools, and the driving of the machine is effected from a
shaft at the lower part of the framing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE TUNS, CASKS, OR BARRELS USED IN BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, AND IN THE WINE TRADE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1880. A communication
by Dr. Carl Stahlschmidt, of Aachen, in the German Empire.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the Scandinavian
Patent Office, under the Firin of L. A. Groth & Co., No. 2, Finsbury Pavement,
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF THE TUNS, CASKS, OR
BARRELS USED IN BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, AND IN THE WINE TRADE."
A communication by Dr. Carl Stahlschmidt, of Aachen, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the preparation of the tura
casks, or barrels used in breweries, distilleries, and the wine trade, the object being
to impregnate the wood in an improved manner, so that the contents of such tuns,
casks, or barrels shall not be injuriously affected, at the same time that the wood
is preserved.
In carrying the Invention into practice, the staves of the barrels, and so forth, if
old, are scraped and cleaned up; or on the other hand, the new wood is subjected
to a heating treatment interiorly, either by means of fire directly, or by hot air,
until the outsides of the staves are warm to the hands. Melted paraffin is then to
be cast in or poured over the casks, the warmed wood whereof will readily absorb
the paraffin, which will fill cleanly into the grooves.
Barrels and the like so impregnated are very easy to clean, will not require to
be trimmed as heretofore, will not develope any bad smell, and will after washing
and cleaning present a good face to the liquor, and further impregnation will not be
requisite, although by heating up the wood again as before described in two or
three years time, the paraffin will again be melted and come out of the pores of the
wood, resurfacing the staves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HOLDING UP SKIRTS OF DRESSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Godfrey Gumpel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1880.
CHARLES GODFREY GUMPEL, of No. 49, Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR HOLDING UP
SKIRTS OF DRESSES."
My Invention relates to apparatus or appliances for holding up skirts of dresses,
which I construct in the following manner:-I bend a metal rod or strong wire into
the form of a hook, the point of which I widen either by forming the end of the
wire into a flat loop or by fixing on it a jaw which may be covered with caoutchouc,
leather, or other somewhat yielding material. On the shank of the hook I pivot a
lever or arin, the end of which is widened or provided with a jaw like that at the
end of the hook, and this lever or arm is acted on by a spring which causes its jaw
to close against the inside of the jaw of the hook. To this lever or arm I attach
the suspending cord, which may be guided through an eye formed on the shank of
the hook above the fulcrum of the lever or arm.
When it is desired to hold up a skirt the lever or arm is pressed inwards so as
to open its jaw from that of the hook, and a portion of the skirt is introduced into
the hook between the jaws which the spring tends to close together. The weight
of the skirt then bearing on the hook puts on the suspending cord a tension
which, tending to close the jaws together, causes them to grip the fabric firmly
between them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith Scarborough and
Joseph Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th
November 1880.
THOMAS SMITH SCARBOROUGH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
and JOSEPH MOORE, of the same Place, Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS."
Pickers in ordinary use have been hitherto composed of buffalo hide entirely.
In our improved picker the formation is of iron and packed with buffalo hide or
sizing. The advantage of these improved pickers is that they are more durable,
and that the whole of the picker, as hitherto, need not be renewed, only the
packed portion which receives the tip of the shuttle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FLUE CLEANERS AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1880. A communication
from abroad by Robert Atherton, Will Hague, and Henry Ridgway, all of
Paterson, State of New Jersey, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FLUE CLEANERS AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS." -A communication from
abroad by Robort Atherten, Will Hague, and Henry Ridgway, all of Paterson,
State of New Jersey, United States of America.
The Invention relates to steam flue cleaners for cleaning the flues of a steam
boiler when the latter carries any desired pressure of steam. The fluc cleaner
consists of a pipe connected at one end with a boiler, and provided at the other end
with a cylindrical chamber containing a jet wheel and a perforated partition for the
passage of steam, which in escaping from the pipe impinges on the liclical blades of
the jet wheel, which imparts to the steam a rotary motion similar to that of a rifled
projectile. The said jet wheel is mounted loose on a pin screwed into the partition
of the chamber, so as to permit or prevent the revolution of the jet wheel as may be
desired. The cylindrical chamber is open at the end, and provided with a collar or
rose bead, which when using the flue cleaner is set on the end of the flue, and
which has a grooved surface in order to admit air into the flue besides steam when
attracted by the escape of steam. The flue cleaner is also furnished with a handlo
and a stop cock for interrupting or establishing at will the communication
between the steam chamber and the supply pipe. The flue cleaner can also be used
for extinguishing fire by means of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Percival George Acres and
William Freeman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th
November 1880.
PERCIVAL GEORGE ACRES, Manager, and WILLIAM FREEMAN, Boot Manufacturer,
both of Leicester, in the County of Leicester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Our Invention, which relates to improvements in machines connected with the
manufacture of boots and shoes, has for its objects to combine in one machine the
two distinct operations of sewing and stitching the soles of boots and shoes, which
operations have hitherto been effected by the aid of two separate machines, and
to produce double lock stitches, whereas in the machines now employed the
stitches are those known as loop or chain stitches.
The means we employ for carrying our Invention into practical effect consist of
a cam-shaped lover or needle holder, to which the needle, which is of curved or
bow shape, and resembling somewhat a shoemaker's awl, is secured, and by making
this needle of the curve or bow-shape we are enabled to stitch and sew those parts
of the boot or shoe which till now could only be accomplished by hand labour.
This cam-shaped lever or needle holder is mounted in bearings fixed to the base
plate of the machine, its needle being above and entering the usual opening or
orifice in the needle or cloth plato. To this cam-shaped lever a connecting rod has
one of its ends attached eccentrically, while the other end is secured to the rocking
bar of the machine, which drives it and the cam-shaped lever and needle holder.
By means of our Invention wo aro enabled to sew and stitch the boot or shoe all
round, while existing machines only stitch the fore part; it will also sew and stitch
from the welt the same as if done by hand, while other machines only stitch from
the sole of the boot or shoo.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF TEXTILE DRIVING BELTS OR BANDS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Birkmyre, of Port Glasgow, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF TEXTILE DRIVING BELTS OR BANDS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Birkmyre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1880.
HENRY BIRKMYRE, of Port Glasgow, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE DRIVING BELTS OR
BANDS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of textile
driving bolts or bands, that is to say, of driving belts or bands woven from threads
or yarns of flax, hemp, jute, wool, or other fibres, has for its object to produce a belt
or band of great longitudinal strength with a saving of material. The flax, hemp,
juto, wool, or other yarn, which may be composed either of a single thread or of a
number of threads stranded or twisted together, is warped in the usual manner and
then woven in a loom with four, six, eight, ten, twelve, or any desired greater
number of leaves, heddles or healds, the fabric in the process of weaving being
twilled in the direction of its length. After being woven the fabric is stented or
stretched, and preferable tarred, after which it is ready for employment as a
driving belt or band.
In the process of weaving adopted under this Invention, the warp and weft are
preferably in the proportion, by weight, to each other of seven parts of warp to one
part of weft, but a greater or lesser relative proportion of the warp and weft may
be adopted.
By this means a fabric of great longitudinal strength is produced, and economy
of material in the transverse threads or weft of the fabric effected.
AN IMPROVED PACKING, MORE PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR STEAM JOINTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1880. A communication from
Conrad Schwanitz, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany,
Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor. AN IMPROVED PACKING, MORE PARTICULARLY
ADAPTED FOR STEAM JOINTS." (A communication from Conrad Schwanitz, of
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.)
This Invention consists in manufacturing a packing composed of india rubber and
asbestos.
According to this Invention the plates or discs of which the packing is made are
covered on one or both sides with asbestos. In cases where the packing is required
for joints subject to a very high steam pressure one or more additional discs may
be employed; the intermediate one or ones may be of any suitable packing
material.
The said packing made as above is particularly applicable for steam packing
on account of its durability, the asbestos preventing the washers from sticking to
the flanges of the steam pipes, and being a bad conductor of heat protects the india
rubber from ignition, at the same time the rubber imparts sufficient elasticity to
the washers to ensure in all cases a steam tight joint, even when the flanges of the
pipes do not fit well.
It is known that when rubber is used alone for steam packing it is soon decomposed
by the heat, thus causing the joints to leak, and further, the washers burn or melt
into the flanges, so that when the pipes require new packing the Hanges have to be
cut asunder. On the other hand washers made entirely of asbestos require close
fitting flanges, owing to the asbestos not yielding sufficiently.
By combining india rubber and asbestos as above mentioned a perfectly elastic
as well as fire proof packing is produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OCEAN STEAMERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James George Skelton Anderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1880.
JAMES GEORGE SKELTON ANDERSON, of No. 4, Upper Berkeley Street, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OCEAN
STEAMERS."
My Invention relates to the construction of ocean steamers in such a manner that
'whilst they are under ordinary circumstances conveniently arranged for transport
of passengers and goods, they can in case of war be made available for purposes of
attack and defence with comparative safety to the vessel and crew. For this
purpose I construct on each side of the vessel a water tight bulk head at some
distance from the outer sides of the vessel, so as to provide a clear passage from end
to end, or for the greater part of the vessel's length. From this passage lateral
openings, that can be secured by watertight doors, are made into the several cabins,
berths, or other compartments or passages within. In case of war, I fill these
passages with wool, cotton, coals, or other material suitable to serve as a protection
against shot, and in order to diminish the risk of such material being set on fire by
shells or otherwise, I arrange along the passages pipes by which water can be
injected into the body of the protective material so as to moisten it. Should the
external shell of the vessel be penetrated or damaged, the interior bulk heads, which
are arranged to be throughout accessible from within, can be tightly closed so that
the interior of the vessel is kept clear of water.
To provide for the case of accident to the rudder, and to facilitate manoeuvring, I
arrange in addition to the ordinary rudder a rudder at the bow, and in order to get
space for such a rudder I incline the stem of the vessel forwards at the bottom, thus
providing a certain amount of dead wood, in an opening in which the additional
rudder is accommodated; or otherwise the bow rudder may be made in the form of
two leaves folding close against the sides of the bow, or into recesses provided there
for their reception.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POLES FOR THE GAME OF LAWN TENNIS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Young Dickinson, of Enbridge, Newbury, in
Berkshire, for an Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN POLES FOR THE GAME OF
LAWN TENNIS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert Young Dickinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880.
HERBERT YOUNG DICKINSON, of Enbridge, Newbury, in Berkshire.
MENTS IN POLES FOR THE GAME OF LAWN TENNIS."
IMPROVE-
My improvements consist in the novel method of tightening or loosening the net
used in the game of lawn tennis in order to obviate the present very inconvenient
mode. For this purpose I insert into the top of the pole (A) an iron pin (B),
which revolves in a socket drilled or otherwise bored into the top of the pole for
its reception; D, D, is a band of metal placed round the top of the pole. Attached
to the pin B.is an arm or lever E, E', hinged at F, which grips B at C, C; G is a
knob or handle used for turning round the pin B by the lever; H is a peg on the
lever E¹. The top rope of the net is fastened to the pin B by the hook I or in any
other suitable manner,
such as by passing it through a hole drilled in B for the
purpose. When the lower arm E' of the lever is raised the whole forms a powerful
lever to turn round the pin B and so to tighten the rope. If the reverse process is
required the action will be reverse. When the rope is tightened (or slackened)
sufficiently, the peg H on the lever is inserted into one of the holes J, J, J, drilled
for the purpose in the band D, thus holding the rope tight at the point required, or.
I use any other method for holding the pin B fast in its position, such as the
ordinary "pall" of a winch. In some cases I affix the lever E, E¹, to the top of the
pin B.
1
At the foot of the pole I place a piece of flat iron, somewhat in the shape of a
spade, which is pressed into the ground, and by its shape prevents the pole from
turning.
I also sometimes use in the rope at the top of the net one or more strands of wire
which serve to provent the rope to a certain extent from stretching.

page_text: Having now described my Invention and the manner of carrying the same into
effect, what I claim and desire to have protected by Letters Patent is,―
The method of easily tightening or slackening the rope of lawn tennis nets by
the means described in the foregoing Specification.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day
of November, One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elie Pascal Lacoste at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1880.
ELIE PASCAL LACOSTE, of Bordeaux, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ANTI-FRICTION BEARINGS."
The object of this Invention is to diminish the loss of motive power by reducing
the resistance due to the friction of a body rotating in a block or support by
introducing between these two parts an appropriate number of cylindrical rollers
either smooth surfaced or grooved.
In the accompanying Drawing I shown two different methods of constructing
my improvements; in Figs. 1 and 2 this system is applicable to coach wheels
turning on a fixed axle; A, B, is the fixed axle in which is cut a circular
groove; D is the rotating hub in which a similar groove is also cut, its width
and depth being absolutely the same as those of the groove in the axle. In
the space formed by the junction of these two grooves I place a certain number of
rollers in steel or other hard material, which can be maintained at proper distances
apart either by means of a ring common to all or by any other appropriate
means.
Fig. 3 represents a second mode of construction wherein the rollers instead of
being smooth surfaced, as in the case above mentioned, are grooved lengthwise on
their entire surface, and the bottoms of the grooves in the axle and in the hub are
also grooved in a corresponding manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOL-WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1880. A communi-
cation from Richard Franz, Manufacturer, of Crimmitschau, Kingdom of
Saxony.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 109-110, Gneisenau-
strasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOL-WASHING MACHINES."
A communication from Richard Franz, Manufacturer, of Crimmitschau, Kingdom
of Saxony.
The improved wool-washing machine forming the subject matter of this Invention
consists in the first place of a system of two or more rollers pivotted in two disks
or systems of arms fixed on a rotating shaft. This shaft is mounted in bearings
capable of sliding in vertical guides; or the said bearings may be stationary, while
the pivots of the rollers are free to slide in radial slits cut into the said disks or
arms. When the system of rollers rotates, each roller while passing through the
lower part of its course rolls on a perforated false bottom arranged in the trough
of the machine and covered to a certain height by the lie or wash-liquor. The wool
spread out on the said false bottom is thus pressed and washed by the rollers.
Between the latter, arms or forks are fixed which push the wool forward.
The second part of the machine consists of a rake composed of a frame to which
is attached a number of cross-bars, each of these bars being provided with a row of
broad teeth or pegs. The said frame is suspended by means of suitable bearings to
two or more cooperating crank-shafts of equal throw, which, when rotating
together, cause the rake to be moved in such a manner that all points of the same
describe circles of equal size. This rake pushes the wool onward and completes the
washing of the same.
Near the rear end of the machine another rake, also provided with a number of
rows of teeth and constituting the third part of the machine, carries the wool
upward on an inclined part of the false bottom and delivers it to a pair of
wringing-rollers. This rake is connected with and operated in a suitable manner
by the first rake.
ROVEMENT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1880.
WILLIAM DAVIES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
IN WINDOW BLIND ROLLER FURNITURE."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention has reference to improvements in the furniture for blind rollers
whereby I am enabled to dispense with the blind cord racks entirely, thus effecting
a considerable saving in blind fittings with less complication of parts.
My Invention refers in particular to the fittings at the cord end of the blind
rollers, which are made as follows:-The slotted bracket for carrying the cord end of
the roller is made of an angular shape, i.e., I extend its base, which is usually secured
to the window frame, over the top of the cord sheave, and I attach to its underside
a single or double spring carrying a projection or projections which press upon or
against the cord, forcing the cord against the sheave and preventing the roller from
turning unless the cord be drawn either way. Or the spring itself may be attached
to the present bracket and carried to a convenient position to impart the necessary
pressure to the cord and sheave with the same result, or a weight might be used
instead of the spring. In either case the effect produced is that of a brake upon
the blind cord pressing it against the sheave. It will be clearly seen that the brake
may be made to bear in one place or several places, or as a semicircular cap over
the top of the cord and sheave, and may be either in conjunction with or separate
from the carrying bracket, i.e., the spring brake might be applied directly from the
top or other part of the window frame.
The friction upon the cord is much lessened by the use of a small wheel or wheels
connected to the spring, and the action is rendered still more noiseless by covering
the wheel or face with rubber or other soft material.
A spiral or other spring will answer the same purpose of pressing the cord
against the sheave so as to prevent the roller from turning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES FOR THE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Phillips, of Leeds, in the County of York, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES FOR THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1880.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS, of Leeds, in the County of York.
WINDOW SASHES. AND FRAMES FOR THE SAME."
"
'IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of my Invention is to render cleaning of windows from the outside
unnecessary, and the turning or reversing of the sashes may be effected by
unskilled persons. The sashes at the same time are free and easy to move up and
down, and so constructed as not to admit draught or dust.
"
The window frame is of ordinary construction, but for the purpose of applying
to admit of a
my Invention I provide a vertical groove in each "sash stile
round or other metal rod (which is hollow by preference) to a suitable extent of its
depth. These rods are pivotted on pins in the centres of the sash stiles, and so
arranged that they may be moved outwards carrying the rods clear of the grooves,
and into recesses or slots prepared to receive them in the "pulley stiles." When
in this position the sashes are free to be reversed, being supported on the centre
pins of the rods, so that the outside may be turned inwards to any convenient
position.
t
In my improvements all staff and parting beads are dispensed with.
The weights are attached by ordinary means to the vertical rods.

page_text: b and c, or drawn into the same, substantially as and for the purposes herein set
forth.
Second. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the
improvements in window sashes and frames for the same, substantially as herein
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Phillips, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS. (L.S.)