matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MENTS IN LIFE BUOYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Barron Rodway at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1878.
HENRY BARRON RODWAY, of Torquay, in the County of Devon:
MENTS IN LIFE BUOYS."
" IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to the construction of buoys for saving life at sea. I make
a buoy for this purpose in the form of a cylinder, which may be of thin sheet metal,
thin wood, or papier maché, well varnished, or of other suitable water-tight material,
combining lightness with sufficient stiffness to maintain the shape. On this cylinder
I fix two flexible bands forming loops, through which the person using the buoy can
thrust his arms.
The cylinder being charged with air or gas has sufficient buoyancy to keep the
person afloat.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Barron Rodway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th February 1879.
HENRY BARRON RODWAY, of Torquay, in the County of Devon.
MENTS IN LIFE BUOYS."
"IMPROVE-
I make
My Invention relates to the construction of buoys for saving life at sea.
a buoy for this purpose as shewn by the perspective view, Fig. 1, of the accompanying
Drawings. It consists of a closed cylinder A, to which is attached a flexible strap B.
The cylinder is made preferably of tin plate, soldered at the jointings, and painted
or japanned to protect it from oxidation, and the strap is attached to it by ligatures
near the ends, as shewn in Fig. 1.
I find practically that a cylinder having a diameter of 4 to 5 inches, and a length
of 14 to 16 inches, weighing in all about a pound and a half, is sufficient for floating
a person, while it is of a form conveniently portable, and such that a number of
buoys can be easily stored in accessible positions in vessels, available for the pre-
servation of passengers and crew in case of accident.
The strap B, arranged as shewn, whilst it affords means of retaining hold of the
buoy gives facilities for applying the buoy to float the person in various attitudes, as
illustrated by Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5. Of these, Fig. 2 shews the buoy placed on the
back between the shoulders, with the strap passed round the neck in front, the
limbs being left free and unimpeded for swimming.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew upright positions of resting, the buoy being held in front of
the breast, or placed at the back of the neck.
Fig. 5 shews the person resting or swimming on his back, the buoy being held
at the lower part of the breast, whilst its strap passes round the back of the neck.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I make no general claim
to the application of a hollow vessel filled with air as a life buoy, but claim, the
use of a life buoy consisting of a closed metal cylinder provided with a flexible
strap, constructed and arranged substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Barron Rodway, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STENCIL PATTERNS FOR THE ORNAMENTING OF GLASS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Thomas Samuel, of Montreal, Canada.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
STENCIL PATTERNS FOR THE ORNAMENTING OF GLASS AND OTHER MATERIALS." [A
communication from abroad by Thomas Samuel, of Montreal, Canada.]
The object of this Invention is to produce in an economical manner the protecting
surfaces required in the process of ornamenting glass and other materials by means
of the sand blast. These protecting surfaces may be made either of wood, of
prepared india-rubber or gutta percha, or equivalent tough material, which will
resist the action of the sand blast, and permit of being used over and over again
without material deterioration.
In carrying out this Invention the design to be executed, say, upon glass is first
drawn on the wood or other protecting material employed, the thickness of such
material varying according to the requirements of the case, that is, whether the
glass or other material is flat or curved.
The pattern in the case of a wood protecting surface is then cut out, or if a
compound of india-rubber and sulphur, or of gutta percha and sulphur, is used, it is
first applied and made to fit the surface of the material to be operated upon, and
then steamed to vulcanize and make it hard, then the pattern is drawn upon it and
cut out with a band or hand saw as in the case of wood. The pattern made out of
either of these materials is then placed on the glass or other material to be
ornamented, and held there while a sand blast is in action. The portion of the
glass or other material exposed by the wood or other pattern used is by the action
of the sand passing through the pattern cut away, and the pattern is reproduced.
Thus any pattern desired can be done in this way either on a small or large scale.
One of the great advantages of these patterns over all others is, they are not
liable to slip off the surface of the glass while grinding as metal patterns are liable
to do, and that they require no fastening, being merely held in their place by the
and. They are also lasting, and in comparison to paper are as about seven is to six
hundred.

page_text: In many designs, positives and negatives can be used to form the whole design,
the positive being applied to one side of the glass, and the negative to the other side.
This will admit of the production of two different styles of work on the same sheet
of glass.
The great advantage of this process in ornamenting glass or other materials is the
simplicity, durability, quickness, and cheapness with which it can be performed, no
skilled labour after the design is made being required.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Tweedale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Emil Schmidlin, of Paris, France.
EDMUND TWEEDALE, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manager. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES.". A com-
munication from abroad by Emil Schmidlin, of Paris, France.
This Invention is designed to effect the self-acting lubrication of the whole of the
spindies simultaneously and continuously. The labour, waste of lubricant, and
damage to the yarn consequent in the oiling of the spindles separately is avoided.
According to this my Invention I affix to the rail or to the collar carrying the
spindles opposite to and in connection with the footstep (or other part to be lubri-
cated) of each spindle a 1 pipe, and such pipes are connected with each other by
tubes of vulcanized india-rubber, flax, or by lead or other flexible metal. An oil
vessel or reservoir supplies the oil to the pipes or tubes and spindles, and there may
be one of such reservoirs or supplies at each end of the frame or machine. A tap
midway the length or at the end of the frame, and connected with the main pipe, is
used for the purpose of drawing off the oil when necessary. There is likewise pro-
vided a piston and cylinder, by means of which pressure may be put on the oil
contained in the reservoir tubes or pipes so as to use the whole (or as nearly as may
be) of the oil contained in the reservoir tubes or pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAM AND FOR PRO- DUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wortley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1878.
ROBERT WORTLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Minder of Self-acting
Mules. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAM AND FOR PRO-
DUCING MOTIVE POWER."
The water from a lodge is conveyed by pipes into a well about 20 feet below the
level of the lodge, into which is inserted the lower end of a pipe of 32 feet high,
equal to the pressure of one atmosphere, the upper end of which pipe is placed in a
cistern; this cistern is in communication above and below by pipes and valves with
a second cistern, in which is a float. The lid of the second cistern is in communi-
cation with the cylinder of a steam engine. The lower end of the second cistern is
in communication through a valve with the hot well and with the lodge. When
the water from the first cistern enters the second cistern the float rises, and the
water from the lodge keeps the well at the same level. When the steam from the
cylinder of the steam engine enters the second cistern it lowers the float and drives
the water into the hot well and back into the lodge; the steam from the second
cistern then passes through the top valve into the first cistern and is there condensed;
the partial vacuum thus formed then raises more water from the well, and the
operations are repeated as before.
In the lid of the first cistern is a pump to draw off the air, and this pump is
used to fill both the cisterns with water on commencing work.
Between the lodge and the well is a turbine, or water wheel, or other hydraulic
engine to make use of the fall of water between the two levels.
A FIRE-EXTINGUISHING LIQUID
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Coll Taylor, of the City of Manchester, Merchant, for
the Invention of "A FIRE-EXTINGUISHING LIQUID." A communication from
abroad by Coll Taylor, junior, of Algiers, North Africa.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Coll Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1878.
COLL TAYLOR, of the City of Manchester, Merchant. "A FIRE-EXTINGUISHING
LIQUID." A communication from abroad by Coll Taylor, junior, of Algiers, North
Africa.
I take a vegetable plant growing wild in Algiers and other hot countries, and
known by the name of séné, and boil such plant in water, and so produce a valuable
decoction for extinguishing fires.
This fire-extinguishing liquid is perfectly harmless, giving off no offensive or
deleterious fumes in use; it can be employed with the ordinary fire-engine, and its
properties are not impaired by lapse of time or change of climate.

page_text: SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Coll Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th September
1878.
COLL TAYLOR, of the City of Manchester, Merchant. "A FIRE-EXTINGUISHING
LIQUID." A communication from abroad by Coll Taylor, junior, of Algiers, North
Africa.
I take a vegetable plant growing wild in Algiers and other hot countries, and
known by the name of séné, and boil such plant in water, and so produce a valuable
decoction for extinguishing fires.
I find that one pound of the plant by weight boiled in a gallon and a quarter of
water until reduced to one gallon produces a good result, but I do not confine myself
to these proportions.
In some cases it might be more convenient to have a stronger solution and to
dilute the same with water when required to be used.
An approximately similar result can be produced by steeping the plant in water
of a lower temperature than the boiling point, but this I should consider to be a
modification of my Invention.
This fire-extinguishing liquid is perfectly harmless, giving off no offensive or
deleterious fumes in use; it can be employed with the ordinary fire-engine, and its
properties are not impaired by lapse of time or change of climate.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, together with the best methods with which I am acquainted for carrying the
same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim the production of
a fire-extinguishing liquid, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Coll Taylor, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
COTL TAVAD
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878. A communication
from abroad by Charles Casimir Barton, of Rochester, Manufacturer, and
Jonathan Burns West, of Genesco, Machinist, both in the State of New York,
United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS." [A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Casimir Barton, of Rochester, Manufacturer,
and Jonathan Burns West, of Geneseo, Machinist, both in the State of New York,
United States of America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in water meters, by which great simplicity,
cheapness, and efficiency are attained.
In practising the said Invention I use a cylinder having a removable section at
one end, by which its interior may be reached, the said section being packed when
in place.
In the cylinder rests a piston composed of two or more discs having external
packing rings, which are expanded by springs. The water drives this piston forward
and backward as the valves are shifted.
In the front end of the said cylinder are two chambers denominated the induction
and eduction chambers, which are separated by a vertical cross partition, and into
these chambers open the induction and eduction water pipes. Outside of these
two chambers is a discharge chamber, which covers both.
In the opposite walls of the said induction and eduction chambers are formed
ports or valve openings, one in each chamber opening into the cylinder, and the
other opening into the discharge chamber. From the bottom of the discharge chamber
I arrange one or more water passages extending longitudinally under the cylinder
its whole length, and opening into the rear end of the said cylinder behind the
piston.
Inside the said cylinder is pivoted the long arm of a swinging weight, the said
weight being a roller, or having end rollers turning on a pivot. The piston lies

page_text: behind the weight, and is connected thereto by a chain or other flexible connection.
On the same pivot as the arm of the weight turns an excentric bearing or loop,
through the opening of which the arm of the said weight passes.
To the opposite sides of the excentric bearing, and above the axis of the same,
the valve rods are pivoted; these valve rods extend longitudinally through the walls
of the induction and eduction chambers. That passing through the induction
chamber has a single valvo situated between the walls of the said chamber; that
passing through the eduction chamber has two valves, which rest outside the walls
of the said chamber; these valves are made to cover the ports or valve openings of
the aforesaid induction and eduction chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS, IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palliser at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1878.
WILLIAM PALLISER, of No. 21, Earls' Court Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Knight. "IMPROVEMENTS, IN PROJECTILES."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of chilled projectiles intended for pene-
tration of armour plates and other defences, in such a manner as to obtain the
hardness necessary for penetration, combined with strength and tenacity to resist
fracture. For this purpose, according to one method, I provide a chill mould for the
whole projectile, and in this mould I cast the head of the projectile of the hard
mottled iron usually employed for chilled shot which becomes chill-hardened
throughout its substance.
Before the head portion has set I pour upon it iron of a softer and more tenacious
quality, which though cast in a chill undergoes chill-hardening only to a limited depth
from its surface.
In order to determine accurately the point of junction of the two metals, which
should lie on the cylindrical part of the projectile near the springing of the curve of
the head, it is advantageous to provide through the side of the mould at the desired
level an overflow hole through which overplus of the first poured metal can escape,
the said hole being stopped before pouring the second metal.
By the means above described I produce a composite projectile of which the head
is chill-hardened throughout its substance, giving great penetrating power, and
of which the hinder part is chilled only on the surface to a limited depth, and
possesses great strength and tenacity to resist fracture caused by the shock of
impact.
According to another method, I cast the head part of the projectile, as before, of
the hard mottled iron in a chill mould, casting its mouth with a projecting lip
enclosing a ring of wrought iron or steel cast in it. I then separately cast the body
Din 31

page_text: of the projectile of cast iron or cast steel, or I forge it of iron or steel with a pro-
jecting lip on which I cut a screw thread, and having cut a screw thread in the
above-mentioned ring of the head, I screw the body thereto, thus forming a composite
projectile having a chill-hardened head suited for penetration, and a strong tenacious
body to resist fracture.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COILING Hoors or IRON, STEEL, OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Stapleton Adshead at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1878.
HENRY STAPLETON ADSHEAD, of Sandbach, in the County of Chester. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COILING Hoors or IRON,
STEEL, OR OTHER METALS."
This Invention relates to the coiling of bale hoops or other similar metal hoops
for the convenience of packing and transport, instead of doubling or bending thein
backwards and forwards, as usually practised, such doubling or bending of the hoops
having a tendency more or less to take the "nature" out of the metal, and to
render the hoops more liable to break at the doubled or bent parts, whereas when
the hoops are coiled they are more compact, more readily handled, and easier to tie
into bundles and pack, at the same time that the metal is not in any way weakened
or deteriorated by bending or otherwise.
The coiling machine consists principally of a disc of the diameter of the inside of
the desired coil, and fully of the thickness of the breadth of the hoop to be coiled.
This disc has several notches or openings in its circumference, into one of which the
end of the first hoop to be coiled is inserted, and after a few turns of the disc as
many hoops are fed in successively at intervals as will bring the coil up to the
outside diameter required.
To prevent the hoops from slipping off the disc hinged semicircular doors fas-
tening with a catch are closed in at the sides over the disc and the surrounding
space to be occupied by the coil. These doors are hung on a circular frame plate,
having a flange round it the depth of the thickness of the disc (or rather more) so
as to form a kind of cylindrical box round the disc, space being allowed between
the two for the required depth or thickness of the coil. Beneath this frame is a
roller regulated by a lever and weight for pressing the hoop against or towards the
disc.
The disc is mounted upon a shaft which is driven at the opposite end, the bearings
being upon a pillar or standard to which the frame plate is bolted. The hoops are

page_text: passed in one after the other whilst the disc is kept revolving until the required
thickness of coil has been formed.
The half-round doors are then opened and the coil is removed and either tied at
once with wire or otherwise secured.
The coils may he either packed separately or a certain number of them tiod 5
. together into a bundle of convenient size for packing and transportation.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE EXHAUST STEAM OF HIGH-PRESSURE ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Antoine Sacrè at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1878.
EDWARD ANTOINE SACRE, of Parliament Street, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE EXHAUST
STEAM OF HIGH-PRESSURE ENGINES."
The object of this Invention is to utilize the exhaust steam given off by high-
pressure engines by consuming it in the furnaces of such engines, and employing it
as a means for quickening the combustion of the fuel in the furnaces of such
engines. To this end having separated from the exhaust steam any water which
may have come over with it I lead it to a superheater, preferrably a coil of copper
pipe situate in the furnace, and from this coil I lead the now superheated steam
through the fire and discharge it in ascending jets into the ash-pit. The coil of
copper pipe terminates in a pendant pipe, closed at bottom and having lateral
openings for the escape of the steam. This tube may be fitted externally with
inverted conical deflectors in order to direct the issuing steam upwards and cause it
to enter the furnace between the fire-bars where it will be consumed.
A modification of this arrangement is to connect the pendent tube of the super-
heater with a system of hollow fire-bars, such bars being pierced laterally with
holes for discharging the superheated steam in the form of jets into the fire. The
fire-bars may be conveniently arranged in concentric rings around a central box or
socket into which the pipe of the superheater fits, such bars being in communi-
cation with the central box and serving to distribute the superheated steam as it is
delivered from the superheater over the whole surface of the fire-place. The exhaust
steam used in this manner will not only be silently disposed of but will effect a
material economy in the firing of steam boiler furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Allhusen, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SODA."
2
Sealed the 12th November 1878, and dated the 30th July 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Allhusen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1878.
ALFRED ALLHUSEN, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA."
"
My Invention relates to the manufacture of carbonates of soda by the process
generally known as the Le Blanc process, and has for its object an improved system
of furnacing the materials employed, and known as sulphate of soda, carbonate of
lime, and coal, in a revolving furnace.
According to my Invention I divide the operation into two distinct stages, in the
former of which the most considerable portion only of each of the three materials is
introduced in proper proportions into the furnace, and subjected to the action of
heat, afterwards the remaining and much smaller portions of each of the three
articles, also in proper proportions, two of them, viz, coal and limestone, having
been previously partially subjected to the influence of heat, are charged into the
revolving furnace, and the furnacing operation is then completed.
By this means, and in consequence of the increased solubility of the residue, I am
enabled to obtain a high per-centage of bicarbonate of soda from the raw materials
[ employed in the revolving furnace.

page_text: evaporating power required without causing the "black ash" or crude soda to be of
bad quality or difficult to dissolve.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I believe to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, the improved system of furnacing in a revolving
furnace the materials employed in the manufacture of soda, and known as sulphate
of soda, carbonate of line, and coal, in which the operation is divided into two
distinct stages, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Allhusen, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
ALFRED ALLHUSEN. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE TOP ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Mason and Joseph
Holding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December
1878.
WILLIAM FREDERICK MASON, of Cheadle Heath, in the County of Chester, and
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO THE TOP ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING MACHINERY."
Our Invention relates to the top-rollers employed in mules, drawing-frames,
roving-frames, and other machinery employed in the spinning of fibrous materials.
Previously to our said Invention such rollers have been covered with leather which
has been wrapped around them and fixed by means of cement. According to the
first part of our Invention we puuch or otherwise form rings or washers of leather,
buffalo-hide, paper, paste-board, felt, or other similar material, and thread these rings
upon the rollers so as to form coverings or envelopes for the acting parts of the
rollers. In some or in all cases we compress these rings between collars and nuts,
so as to close the joints and to impart a suitable density to the coverings. The
coverings so applied may be turned up to true cylindrical forms, and be re-turned
when they become uneven or untrue through wear. In the second place we cover
the said rollers with paper papier maché, either coiled upon the rollers, and
pasted, or cemented, or coiled, moulded, or formed into cylindrical envelopes which
are cemented or secured on to the rollers. We may also turn or "true up" the
said paper papier maché coverings. In the third place we cover the said rollers
with cylindrical envelopes formed of thin steel, brass, or other suitable metal. Each
roller is turned down or formed of lesser diameter than the internal diameter of the
envelope, with the exception of collars which are left at or about each end of the
roller, and which collars are of a diameter to fit the interior of the cylindrical
envelope. The said envelope is thus supported at each end by the said collars, the
intermediate hollow space being intended to permit the envelope to yield to some
extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASES FOR PACKING WINE OR OTHER BOTTLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hurst at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1878.
WILLIAM HURST, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASES FOR PACKING WINE OR OTHER BOTTLES."
The object of this Invention is to construct packing cases for wine or other
bottles in such a way as to dispense entirely with the use of straw or other similar
packing material, and at the same time to hold the bottles perfectly secure without
any danger of breakage.
The packing case is constructed in the same manner as any other square case, as
far as the outside is concerned, vizt., of sides, ends, bottom, and lid, and is made of
about the same depth as the height of the bottles to be packed.
The internal arrangement of the case is the part to which my Invention relates,
and is constructed as follows:-Inside the bottom of the case is a second thickness of
wood (which I call a "false bottom "), which is pierced with a round hole to receive
the base of each bottle, and which is somewhat larger in diameter than the size of
the bottle to allow for the insertion of the cylinder herein-after described.
At a convenient distance from the bottom a division is fastened in the case
parallel to the bottom, and covering the entire area, thereby greatly increasing its
strength, and is pierced with a series of round holes (one for each bottle) corre-
sponding with and situated perpendicularly over the holes in the false bottom; the
distance at which the division is placed between the lid and the bottom is governed
by the shape and size of the bottles to be packed.
A cylinder of any suitable strong light material (wood being preferred) is then
fastened into and extends from each of the holes in the said division to the corre-
sponding holes in the false bottom, by which means a cylindrical cell or compartment
is formed in which the bottles are placed singly, thereby keeping them separate

page_text: and preventing them from moving laterally. The case is then secured by nailing
or otherwise fastening on the lid or cover, which will effectually prevent the bottles
from moving vertically, and they are then perfectly secure from injury.
The case can be made to hold any number of bottles, and may be made for any
size or shape of bottle to be packed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUET AND OTHER FRAMES FOR HOLDING BOTTLES OR VESSELS."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Franz Gösser, of No. 36, Delancey Street, Camden Town,
i.
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUET
AND OTHER FRAMES FOR HOLDING BOTTLES OR VESSELS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Franz Gösser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1878.
FRANZ GÖSSER, of No. 36, Delancey Street, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUET AND OTHER FRAMES FOR HOLDING BOTTLES
OR VESSELS."
Cruet and such like frames as at present constructed are liable to have the upper
surface of their bottom plate scratched and otherwise disfigured, and in the case of
plated goods to have the plating at the part under each cruet bottle or other
vessel quickly removed by the action thereon of the bottom of the cruet bottle or
other vessel by which the bottom plate becomes unsightly, and it is common to
hide the injury produced by the use of a covering of ornamental paper and other
materials.
The object of the Invention is to remedy this evil by applying to the bottom
plate under the centre or other part of each cruet bottle or vessel to be carried
thereby, a projection, or raised surface, or additional piece, or there may be more
than one of them, so that the bottom of each cruet bottle or other vessel applied
thereto, instead of resting immediately on the surface of the bottom plate, will rest
on these raised portions or additional pieces, and in the case of silver-plated goods I
form these raised or additional pieces of silver, so that in cleaning they may always
retain the same appearance with the other parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKER SPINDLES FOR LOOMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Albert Bright and Joseph
Holding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February
1878.
-
JOHN ALBERT BRIGHT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, and JOSEPH
HOLDING, of Manchester, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKER
SPINDLES FOR LOOMS."
=
Our Invention relates to the spindles upon which slide the pickers employed in
looms for weaving, and has for its object to reduce the friction and to dispense with
the necessity for the application of lubricant to such spindles, or to reduce the
quantity of lubricant required.
In the first place we employ spindles made or composed of glass, or partly of glass
and partly of iron, steel, or other suitable metal or material.
In one arrangement the spindle consists of an iron bar in which two, three, or
more recesses are formed, and of glass rods which are cemented into or secured in
the said recesses, so that when the spindle is in use the picker slides in contact with
the glass. The said iron bar may be cast or rolled, or be formed by other suitable
means.
'
In some cases a bar may be provided with only a single glass rod or strip. We
may employ sheaths extending some distance from each end of the spindle, and
enclosing the said spindle and the glass rods or strips, to secure or to aid in the
securing of the said rods or strips to the bar or foundation.
•
In the second place we employ glass enamelled metal spindles.
In the third place we employ metal spindles formed with slots passing through
the spindles, so that air can flow through the spindles, and thereby tend to keep
them cool.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Mérat at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1878.
ERNEST MÉRAT, of Rue de Provence, 41, Paris, France, Merchant. "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR EXHIBITING COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENTS."
In all advertizing boards or frames hitherto used the sole object has been to
indicate a certain number of commercial or other addresses, generally in the
neighbourhood, without leaving any indication in the hands of the person reading
them, by which he may remember the shop or firm whose advertizement he has
read.
This system did not completely answer the purpose in view, as it was only useful
in the case when the person reading the advertizement could go at once to the
shop or place of business indicated, and if by chance he took several addresses at
the same time, there was great possibility of confusing one with the other.
The object of this Invention is to remedy these inconveniences and to help the
person's memory who by my system finds small business or address cards arranged
conveniently in compartments, which cards may be taken by the public from the
frame, whereby the address or speciality may be remembered and referred to.
These compartments are arranged in such a manner that only one card may be
taken or withdrawn at a time, which is effected by a mechanism constituting one
of the essential features of my Invention.
The frame containing the cards is capable of various arrangements.
According to one arrangement, at the upper part of a frame, which I call
"advertizement frame," may be written, ("Commercial houses recommended to the
public,") and at the lower part may be written, "These cards are at the disposal of
the public."
The frame is divided into several compartments separated from each other by
vertical uprights.
The cards in each compartment rest on two inclined supports fixed to the back
of the frame, and supported in front by a small horizontal bar of wood and by a
hook, which is unhooked when the cards are to be put in their place.

page_text: The cards in front of each compartment are a little higher than the others by
reason of the inclined supports, which facilitates their extraction or withdrawal
one by one.
A small bar of wood acted upon from behind by a spiral spring, thicker at the
back than at the front, constantly presses the cards against the hook and against
the wooden bar.
The unequal force of the spring is necessary so as to obtain a constant pressure of
the cards against the hook.
The depth of the frame is calculated so that it may contain about 100 cards in
each compartment, which latter may be of various sizes to receive cards of different
Bizes.
These frames may be exposed in waiting rooms, hotels, railway stations, and
generally in all public places, interiorly as well as exteriorly.
The cards taken by the public may be replaced by cards supplied by the
advertizers to the employés of the company.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ILLUMINATING OBJECTS TO BE PHOTOGRAPHED, AND THE INTERIOR OF PUBLIC AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Vander Weyde, of Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ILLUMINATING
OBJECTS TO BE PHOTOGRAPHED, AND THE INTERIOR OF PUBLIC AND OTHER
BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 13th August 1878, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, and
dated the 2nd Fehm
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Vander Weyde at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1878.
HENRY VANDER WEYDE, of Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex.
" AN
IMPROVEMENT IN ILLUMINATING OBJECTS TO BE PHOTOGRAPHED, AND THE
INTERIOR OF PUBLIC AND OTHER BUILDINGS."
My Invention relates to an improvement in illuminating the subject to be
photographed, and the interior of buildings by the electric or other powerful
artificial light, and consists in an improved arrangement whereby the rays diverging
from the source of light are collected into a parallel or converging beam of light, as
required for the purpose of photography, without the aid of a lens as heretofore
used, and the illumination is wholly or almost entirely obtained by reflected light,
the direct rays from the source of light being completely or for the most part inter-
cepted.
My Invention consists in the employment in combination with the electric or
other artificial light of a parabolic or other concave reflector of comparatively large
size, in the focus of which the light is placed, and a shield or screen of opaque or
semi-translucent material placed on the opposite side of the light to the reflector.

page_text: The shield or screen is made as small and placed as close to the light as possible,
in order to intercept as little as possible of the reflected light, and the interior
surface may be polished, and of flat, concave, or other form best adapted to reflect
the rays of light which it intercepts towards the reflector.
In illuminating public buildings the reflector would be formed by the dome-shaped
ceiling or roof, or by hangings of light colored blinds or curtains arranged in a
convex form, the light being placed in the focus of the reflector, and the direct rays
intercepted by a screen, as before described.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR THE PRESERVATION AND CURING OF MEAT, POULTRY, BACON, HAM, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF FOOD, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAUSAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silvester Fulda at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1878.
SILVESTER FULDA, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist. "AN IMPROVED
COMPOUND FOR THE PRESERVATION AND CURING OF MEAT, POULTRY, BACON, HAM,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF FOOD, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR THE PRESERVATION
OF MEAT USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAUSAGES."
My Invention consists in preserving the above articles by means of a composition
consisting of the following ingredients, and composed of the following proportions,
applied in the manner herein-after described; I mix together,-
lb. alum.
lb. crystal silicate of potash.
lb. borax.
lb. cream of tartar.
6 oz. glass gall
2 lbs. caustic lime; and
1 lb. sulphate of soda.
I then dissolve the whole of the above ingredients with 8 lbs. of cold water, which
has been previously boiled.
I slack the caustic lime, using only the clear water resulting therefrom, and not
the lime itself. I then dissolve the crystals with that water and let the whole
stand for 4 hours, and then dilute the same with pure water so as to bring it to a
strength of from 4° to 8° on Beaumé's hydrometer, according to the temperature of
the atmosphere:
In the manufacture of sausages I introduce 4 oz. of the above liquid to every

page_text: cwt. of meat, mixing it with it during the chopping process, which will preserve
the meat for a great length of time.
In preserving other articles of food, such, for instance, as joints of meat, poultry,
and the like, the same result can be obtained by coating the object requiring to be
preserved with my liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWEED WATERPROOF GARMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Currie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1878.
WILLIAM CURRIE, of the Caledonian Rubber Works, Edinburgh, Scotland.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TWEED WATERPROOF GARMENTS."
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of waterproof garments com-
posed of a fabric or material that will remain soft and pliable in any temperature,
and also an improved mode of finishing garments made from such fabric or
material.
The only method hitherto known and practised for thoroughly vulcanizing
waterproof fabrics or garments has been found to be inapplicable to tweeds or
woollen goods, by reason of the high temperature required for the purpose, which
would destroy or greatly injure such fabrics.
Now my Invention consists in first spreading the india-rubber on a thin cotton
fabric to form a coating of the required thickness thereon; this coating is afterwards
vulcanized by steam in the usual manner, and the woollen material of which the
garment is to be made is then united to the coated cotton fabric, thereby forming a
vulcanized fabric or material suitable for making into garments. This compound
fabric is composed of a woollen fabric on one side and a cotton fabric on the other
side, with a coating or film of india-rubber vulcanized by steam uniting the two
fabrics, and this compound fabric is made into the garment required, which
garment is also lined with a loose lining of woollen, cotton, or other suitable
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Richards, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
"
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Richards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th March 1878.
WILLIAM RICHARDS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IN AND RELATING TO BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS.
"
"IMPROVEMENTS
In fire-arms, as ordinarily constructed, the breech is apt to blow open, or at least
a portion of the force of the gases to escape between the breech and face; it is to hold
the barrels more securely, and to. avoid this defect that this my Invention is
designed.
It consists,―
1st. In fastening the barrels by means of a circular tumbler fastening the
extended rib on the side and front, or either of them, of the lower portion.
2nd. This tumbler is worked underneath the break-off by means of the lever that
is usually employed to open the gun.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Richards in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
September 1878.
WILLIAM RICHARDS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
IN AND RELATING TO BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
In fire-arms, as ordinarily constructed, the breech is apt to blow open, or at least
a portion of the force of the gases to escape between the breech and face; it is to
hold the barrels more securely and to avoid this defect that this my Invention is
designed.
It consists,-
First. In fastening the barrels by means of a circular tumbler fastening the
extended rib on the side and front of the lower portion, or on either of them.
2nd. This tumbler is worked underneath the break-off by means of the lever that
is usually employed to open the gun.
In the Drawings,-
Fig. 1 shows the breech and lock of a gun, full size, opened to receive a cartridge;
Fig. 2, plan of samo; Fig. 3, longitudinal vertical section of same, with stock
removed; Fig. 4, view of circular tumbler. In these A, A, are the barrels ; B,
extended rib; C, break off; D, circular tumbler; E, lever working the tumbler.
Having now described my Invention, and the mode of carrying out the same, I
claim as new and as my Invention protected under the herein-before in' part recited
Letters Patent,-
1. The mode of fastening the barrels herein described by means of a circular
tumbler or its mechanical equivalent, fastening the extended rib by interlocking
with its lower portion or any suitable attachment thereto.
2. The apparatus for holding the barrels of breech-loading weapons, substan-
tially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Richards, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
WILLIAM RICHARDS. (L.S.)
Witness,
JOHN O. O'BRIEN,
Clerk to Wm. P. Thompson & Co.,
British and International Patent Agents,
6, Lord Street,
Liverpool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES, LATHES, AND OTHER MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mayhew Bear and Thomas
Roylance at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December
1878.
"
THOMAS MAYHEW BEAR and THOMAS ROYLANCE, both of Colchester, in the
County of Essex, Sewing Machine Makers. IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING BICYCLES,
TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES, LATHES, AND OTHER MACHINES, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention consists in an improved method and apparatus for driving
bicycles, tricycles, and other velocipedes, such improvements being also applicable
for driving lathes and other machines requiring to be driven by manual power, the
object of the Invention being to supersede the use of the ordinary cranks, and to
obtain greater power.
We will describe our Invention as applied to a bicycle.
Instead of employing cranks on the axle as hitherto we fix on each end of the
axle a disc, which may be either toothed, roughened, or smooth; against the
periphery or side of each of these discs works a clutch operated by a lever to
which the clutch is pivotted, the inner end of the levers being pivotted to
the axle.
By this construction if the outer end of the said lever be pressed down by the
foot of the rider the clutch will grip and move round the disc and drive the
machine. Suitable means, such as a spring, are provided for raising the lever after
the pressure of the foot is removed.
Instead of a clutch a self winding band can be employed.
It will be understood that this arrangement may be applied to driving lathes and
other machinery operated by foot or hand.
IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING LETTER PAPER FOR TRANSMISSION BY POST
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thomas Drawbridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1878.
JOSEPH THOMAS DRAWBRIDGE, of Haverstock Hill, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING LETTER PAPER FOR TRANSMISSION BY POST."
My Invention relates to improved means of securing letter paper for transmission
by post without the use of a separate envelope, whereby most of the conveniences of
a post card are obtained without its objectionable publicity, and the Invention con-
sists in cutting letter paper with a projecting flap at the right hand side of the sheet,
or of the second sheet where the paper is doubled as in ordinary. This flap is at
the middle of the height of the sheet, and extends for a third of said height, so
that when the sheet is folded in three, i.c., folded at two places opposite the top and
bottom ends of this flap, and the top end inserted in the bottom end of the sheet, or
vice versa, the flap may then be folded down over all, and being gummed like that
of an ordinary envelope it secures the contents from inspection.