Improvements in or relating to Food for Cattle.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th July, 1894
<Complete Specification Left, 8th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 15th June, 1895
Improvements in or relating to Food for Cattle.
I, ARMAND MICHEL MILLOT, Manufacturer, of 6, Boulevard Victor Hugo,
St. Quentin, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention to be as follows:-
Various foodstuffs, for instance bran, are at present used in a pulverulent
condition, for feeding animals, which method has the following drawbacks, among
others;
1. It is necessary, to measure or weigh off the ration every time before giving it
to the animal, otherwise one does not know what quantity is given.
2. The storage of provisions in a pulverulent condition requires considérable
space.
3. Moisture penetrates easily into the heaps, and spoils certain parts.
To avoid these drawbacks, I produce an agglomerate or cake from the pulverized
or pulverulent provisions.
After many trials I have found, that bran, which seems to be difficult to
agglomerate, may be converted into solid fodder cakes of uniform weight, by
strongly compressing it either in a hot condition, or mixed with a suitable quantity
of water or binding liquid.
I prefer, to employ a hydraulic press, and to work on a mixture of various
foodstuffs, which may be prepared from the husks or pods of suitable plants, leaves,
twigs, bark, herbs, grass, waste materials from flour mills, the preparation of malt
and other industries, and mixed in a suitable manner.
In this manner, I may produce economical rations which are easily handled and
unite all the ingredients necessary for a perfect food. For instance, a good fodder
cake may be prepared from the following materials—
Straw from cereals
Husks or pods of pulse
ditto of rapeseed
Leaves of trees, cut and dried
Bran of wheat
Peas or beans
-
Maltsters' waste (germillons)
Sesame cakes
Arachis cakes
-
17 kilos.
-
15
"
-
15
"
-
15
"
-
50
,,
45
"
-
18
"
10
"
15
By suitable division and compression the mixture is converted into cakes,
weighing about 2 kilogrammes each and containing as much nutriment as about
300 kilos. of hay.
The proportions of each mixture should be chosen in such a manner, as to
combine a suitable quantity of proteids, with a corresponding quantity of mineral
matter, fatty matter, and carbohydrates, according to the desired result, or the
special object, for which the fodder is to be used.
Deted this 20th dow of Tuns 1901
FAIRFAX & WETTER
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, ARMAND MICHEL MILLOT, Manufacturer, of 6 Boulevard Victor Hugo,
St. Quentin, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Various foodstuffs, for instance bran, are at present used in a pulverulent
condition, for feeding animals, which method has the following drawbacks, among
others;
1. It is necessary to measure or weigh off the ration every time before giving it
to the animal, otherwise one does not know what quantity is given.
2. The storage of provisions in a pulverulent condition requires considerable
space.
3. Moisture penetrates easily into the heaps, and may spoil them.
To avoid these evils, I produce an agglomerate or cake from the pulverised or
pulverulent provisions.
After many trials, I have found, that bran, which seems to be difficult to
agglomerate, may be converted into solid fodder cakes of uniform weight by
strongly compressing it either in a hot condition, or mixed with a suitable quantity
of water or other binding liquid.
I prefer to employ a hydraulic press, and to work on a mixture of various
foodstuffs, which may be prepared from the husks or pods of suitable plants, from
leaves, twigs, bark, herbs, grass, from the bye-products of flour mills, malt
factories, starch and sugar-factories, and of other industrial establishments, said
materials being suitably cut or ground before they are mixed together.
In this manner, I may produce economical rations which are easily handled and
unite all the ingredients necessary for a perfect food. For instance, a good fodder
cake may be prepared from the following materials :—
Straw from cereals
Husks or pods of pulse
ditto
of rapeseed
Leaves of trees, cut and dried
Bran of wheat
Peas or beans
Maltsters' waste (germillons)
Sesame cakes
Arachis cakes
17 kilos.
-
15
"
-
15
"
->
15
'33
50
"
45
18
"
10
33
15
Leaves of the following trees (among others) may be used in the above mixture:
Lime, poplar, maple, willow, plantain, alder, elm, chestnut, plum, apple, pear,
hornbeam, and wild cherry-tree.
By suitable division and compression, this mixture is converted into cakes
weighing about 2 kilogrammes each and containing as much. nutriment as about
300 kilos. of hay.
The proportions of each mixture should be chosen in such a manner, as to
combine a suitable quantity of proteids, with a corresponding quantity of mineral
matter, fatty matter and carbohydrates, according to the desired result or the
special object, for which the fodder is to be used.

page_text: The number of cakes, which should be given to each animal, depends, of course,
on the size and nature of the same and can be easily regulated; for instance ten
cakes are usually suitable for an ox, while five are sufficient for a colt.
. Instead of the seed cakes mentioned above, similar oily vegetable matter may
be employed, and one or more of the components included in the above example
may be omitted.
In the accompanying drawings;
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a hydraulic press and accessories suitable for the
manufacture of fodder-cakes according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same at right angles to Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is a plan of the press.
a represents a mixing apparatus with double bottom and double sides, arranged
so as to form a heating jacket. This apparatus contains an ordinary stirrer and
scraping or collecting knife, and is heated by steam, so as to raise the contents to
the desired temperature, usually between 70 and 100° C.
.
From the mixing apparatus the raw material is allowed to drop through a
funnel b into a measuring apparatus c, of known construction, which may be set in
motion automatically or by hand, so as to deliver into the feed-pipe of the press
the raw material in definite quantities, in order to obtain cakes of constant weight
and volume. d is a regulating slide or collar applied to a vertical feed-tube
which conducts the raw material from the hollow cross-head or top of the
hydraulic press to the moulding box h. The said slide and feed tube are so
arranged, that after withdrawal of the slide, the said tube is caused to rise and
penetrate into the hollow cross-head, thereby releasing the top of the moulding
box and allowing the mould to be emptied and refilled.
h represents a strong moulding box, which may be fixed or movable, and may
have a rectangular or other suitable cross section. In the example shown by
the drawing its internal dimensions are 40 x 40 centimetres.
The moulding box is surrounded on all sides by a heating jacket e fed with
steam, in order to maintain the material at a high temperature.
f indicates an ordinary hydraulic press-piston, adapted to compress the
agglomerate in the mould and to lift it out of the same, when it has to be
removed.
g is a heating apparatus, heated on three sides by a steam jacket and open on
the fourth side, said apparatus serving to receive and heat the metal plates to
be used for impressing on the cake of foodstuff, while in the mould, the desired
pattern, trade mark, or design. These plates may have ribs or partitions which
cut into the cake deep lines, to facilitate its subsequent division into two or more
parts. For instance, if it is desired to produce fodder cakes of 20 x 40 centimetres,
each one of the said moulding plates has a sharp-edged rib or knife across its
centre, so that, after the cake has been taken out of the mould, it may be easily
divided into two equal parts.
Although the jackets are preferably heated by steam, hot water or other suitable
means may be employed, and the temperature should correspond to a maximum of
assimilability of the alimentary mixture.
The hydraulic pressure is preferably produced in two stages, by means of two
sets of plungers working at different pressures and delivering the pressure-water to
an accumulator before it reaches the press. The operation may commence with a
pressure of 100 atmospheres and finish with a pressure of 200 atmospheres.
In the drawings s indicates a steam pipe coming from the boiler, s, a steam pipe
leading fresh steam to the mixer a, r, a return pipe for the steam which has passed
through the heating jacket of the mixer a, r, the return pipe from the heating
jacket e, & the steam pipe to the heating apparatus g, r, the return pipe from the
same, wa water pipe for supplying the mixer a with water, if desired.
The drawing also indicates (in dotted lines) water pipes for supplying the
cylinder with high-pressure water, but as the construction of the pressure pumps
and accumulator or regulator is similar to that in other hydraulic presses, these

page_text: parts and their connections need not be described or shown in detail. The same is
the case with the general construction of the hydraulic press.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. The manufacture of fodder cakes from bran, alone or in mixture with husks,
dried leaves or other foodstuffs in a finely divided condition, by the simultaneous
application of heat and pressure, substantially as described.
2. The manufacture of fodder cakes from bran or husks, dried leaves or similar
dry foodstuffs and seed cakes or other oily vegetable matter in a finely divided
condition, by the simultaneous application of heat and pressure, substantially as
described.
3. Compressed fodder cakes composed of a mixture of bran, pulse, seed cakes
and dry leaves, pods or husks in a pulverised or finely divided condition,
substantially as described.
4. The use of a hydraulic press in combination with artificially heated mixing
apparatus, measuring apparatus, and an artificially heated pressure mould, for
producing fodder cakes from a dry mixture of vegetable foodstuffs in a pulverised
or finely divided condition, substantially as described.
Dated this 6th day of April 1895.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London, Agents.