Improvements in or relating to Lamps for Lighting Purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Lamps for Lighting Purposes.
We, FRANCIS BEAUFORT PALMER, of 5, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of London, Barrister at Law, and GEORGE EDWARD GOURAUD, of Little
Menlo, Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Colonel, late of the United
States Army, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to an improved construction and arrangement of
combined reflector, lamp or lamps, and shade or shades whereby a room or other
apartment or a table or counter or other limited space can be illuminated in a
pleasing and effective manner by reflected light instead of by direct light from
the lamp or lamps, and the amount of light so reflected can be readily varied or
shut off, or nearly so, according to requirement, without its being necessary for
this purpose to operate a switch, or switches in the case of an electric lamp or
electric lamps, or a tap or equivalent device in the case of a gas or oil lamp or
lamps.
According thereto there is used in conjunction with a suitable reflector, one
or more lamps.and one or more opaque or partially opaque shades that encloses or
enclose the lamp or lamps except at a part or parts opposite the reflector, the
reflector and shade or shades being so mounted and arranged that the distance
between them can be varied at will so that by bringing the reflector and shade
or shades with enclosed lamp or lamps together, the reflection of light from
the reflector can be shut off or reduced to a minimum, and by moving the reflector
and shade or shades apart to different extents, the amount of reflected light can be
easily varied to suit requirement.
As will be obvious such an arrangement can be constructed in various forms.
Thus, when there are two or more lamps, each lamp may have a separate shade, or
one shade may enclose all or several of the lamps; the shade or shades may be
movable to and from the reflector with or independently of the lamp or lamps;
or the lamp or lamps with shade or shades may be stationary and the reflector
alone movable. Also the arrangement may be such that the light of the lamp
or lamps can be reflected downward, or in a horizontal, or in an inclined
direction.
•
In one arrangement, specially suitable for lighting a table, counter or other
limited space; the reflector comprises a flat or nearly flat sheet or plate of circular
or other shape suitable for suspension from a ceiling or bracket or arm and
provided or not with a depending rim, the underside of the sheet or plate and the
inner side of the rim, when used, having a white or a tinted or coloured or metallic
surface or being otherwise adapted to reflect light. Below the reflector are several
electric incandescent lamps carried by a suitable frame or holder suspended by a
cord or other connection with pulleys in such a manner that the frame or holder
with lamps hang below the reflector and can be easily raised and lowered. The
suspending cord or connection may conveniently enclose the wires carrying the
electric current to and from the lamps. Each lamp is separately surrounded by

page_text: an inverted conical opaque shade of cardboard, celluloid or other material that
is closed at its lower end and open at its upper end and of a height sufficient to
prevent the light from the lamp falling directly on the table, counter, or other
space to be lighted, and each shade has a white or other internal reflecting
surface from which light will be reflected obliquely on to the reflector above. The
arrangement is such that when the lamps and shades are raised so that the top
edges of the shades closely approach the reflector whilst the lamps are burning,
very little or no light falls on the table, counter or other space from the reflector,
and by pulling down the lamps and shades to a greater or less extent, more or less
light will be reflected in a downward and outward direction from the reflector on
to the table, counter or other space to be lighted. The under or reflecting surface
of the reflector may be flat or of conical, pyramidal or other shape designed to
efficiently reflect in a more or less lateral and downward direction the rays of light
thrown thereon by the lamps.
In a modified arrangement, for use with incandescence or other gas lamps,
the reflector is formed with openings above the burners for the escape of hot
gases and products of combustion. The arrangement in other respects may be
similar to that described for the electric lamps.
Improvements in or relating to Lamps for Lighting Purposes.
We, FRANCIS BEAUFORT PALMER, of 5, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of London, Barrister at Law, and GEORGE EDWARD GOURAUD, of Little
Menlo, Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Colonel, late of the United
States Army do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to an improved construction and arrangement of
combined reflector, lamp or lamps, and shade or shades whereby a room or other
apartment, or a table or counter or other limited space can be illuminated in a
pleasing and effective manner by reflected light instead of by direct light from
the lamp or lamps, and the amount of light so reflected can be readily varied or
shut off, or nearly so, according to requirement, without its being necessary for
this purpose to operate a switch or switches in the case of an electric lamp or
electric lamps, or a tap or equivalent device in the case of a gas or oil lamp or
lamps.
According thereto there are used in conjunction with a suitable reflector, one
or more lamps and one or more opaque or partially opaque shades that encloses or
enclose the lamp or lamps except at, a part or parts opposite the reflector, the
reflector and shade or shades being so mounted and arranged that the distance
between them can be varied at will so that by bringing the reflector and shade
or shades with enclosed lamp or lamps together, the reflection of light from
the reflector can be shut off or reduced to a minimum, and by moving the reflector
and shade or shades apart to different extents, the amount of reflected light can be
easily varied to suit requirement.
As will be obvious such an arrangement can be constructed in various forms.
Thus, when there are two or more lamps, each lamp may have a separate shade, or

page_text: one shade may enclose all or several of the lamps; the shade or shades may be
movable to and from the reflector with or independently of the lamp or lamps;
or the lamp or lamps with shade or shades may be stationary and the reflector
alone movable. Also the arrangement may be such that the light of the lamp
or lamps can be reflected downward, or in a horizontal, or in an inclined.
direction.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying illustrative drawings show one arrangement
of combined reflector, lamps and shades according to this invention and specially
suitable for lighting a table, counter or other limited space.
In this arrangement the reflector 1 comprises a flat or nearly flat sheet or plate
of card-board or other suitable material of circular or other shape convenient for
suspension from a ceiling or bracket or arm and provided or not with a depending
rim 1, the underside of the sheet or plate and the inner side of the rim, when
used, having a white or a tinted or coloured or metallic surface or being other-
wise adapted to reflect light. Below the reflector are several electric incandescent
lamps 2 carried by a suitable frame or holder 3 suspended by a cord or other
connection and pulleys in such a manner that the frame or holder with lamps hang
below the reflector and can be easily raised and lowered. The suspending cord
or connection may conveniently enclose the wires carrying the electric current to and
from the lamps 2. In the example shown, the reflector 1 is suspended by cords 4
from a movable rose or centre piece 5 provided with bearing 6 for guide pulleys 7,
and the lamp holder 3 is carried by two cords 8 that enclose the lamp conductors
and pass freely through the movable rose 5 and each of which passes over a guide
pulley 9 journalled in bearings on a ceiling rose 10 and under one of the guide
pulleys 7 on the rose 5 and is secured to a fixed centre piece 11. The arrangement
is such that when the lamp holder 3 is raised or lowered the reflector 1 is
simultaneously lowered or raised.
Each lamp 2 is separately surrounded by an inverted conical opaque shade 12
of cardboard, celluloid or other suitable material that is closed at its lower end
and open at its upper end and is of a height sufficient to prevent the light from
the lamp falling directly on the table, counter, or other space to be lighted.
Each shade has a white or other internal reflecting surface from which light will
be reflected obliquely on to the reflector 1 above.
As will be seen the arrangement is such that when the lamps 2 and shades 12
are raised so that the top edges of the shades closely approach the reflector 1
whilst the lamps are burning. very little or no light will be reflected onto the
table, counter or other space from the reflector, and by pulling down the lamps
and shades to a greater or less extent, more or less light will be reflected in a
downward and outward direction from the reflector on to the said table, counter
or other space to be lighted. The under or reflecting surface of the reflector 1
may be flat as shown, or of conical, pyramidal or other shape designed to efficiently
reflect in a more or less lateral and downward direction the rays of light thrown
thereon by the lamps. Also instead of the reflector being held horizontally, as
shown, it may, when desired, be held in an inclined position, as indicated in
dotted lines in Fig. 1, so as to reflect light in a more or less lateral and downward
direction.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing a modified arrangement suitable for use with
incandescence or other gas lamps. In this arrangement the reflector 1 is formed
with an opening above the lamp burner, or above each lamp burner if there be
more than one burner, for the escape of hot gases and products of combustion. The
arrangement in other respects may be similar to that described for the electric
lamps. In the particular example illustrated in Fig. 3, a single gas lamp 2ª
carried by a fixed wall bracket 13 is emploved, the reflector 1 being alone movable
and carried by cords 4 that pass over guide pulleys 14 and are connected to a
counter weight 15. The opening in the reflector above the lamp is or may be fitted
with a chimney 16 made of opaque material and provided with a cap 17 arranged

page_text: to permit the hot gases and products of combustion to escape but to prevent the
emission of light therethrough.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
1. The combination of a reflector, 'one or more lamps, and one or more opaque
or partly opaque shades that encloses or enclose the lamp or lamps except at a
part or parts opposite the reflector, the reflector and shade or shades being sō
mounted and arranged that the distance between them can be varied at will so that
by bringing the reflector and shade or shades together, the reflection of light
from the reflector can be shut off or reduced to a minimum and by moving the
reflector and shade or shades apart to different extents, the amount of reflected
light can be readily varied to suit requirement, substantially as described.
2. Combined reflector, lamp or lamps and shade or shades arranged and operating.
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown in Figs.
and 2, and in Fig. 3 of the drawings annexed.
1
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
W. LLOYD WISE,
40, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.