Improvements in or relating to Smoke Consuming Furnaces.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Smoke Consuming Furnaces.
I, PAUL CORNELIUS, of 32, Schonhauser Allee, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
-
The object of my invention is to so arrange a furnace as to burn low grade
fuel, such as wet bituminous coal, earthy bituminous coal, wet saw dust, tan, peat
and so on as completely as possible and to consume the smoke.
I attain this object by introducing a mixture of hot compressed air and finely
divided or vaporized liquid fuel through a series of hollow and on the top side
perforated grate bars upwards into the layer of burning and glowing low grade
fuel. The pressure of the mixture will then enable the latter to penetrate even
a thick layer and prevent the coals and slag cinders from clogging or jamming.
The heat of the mixture will increase that of the fire and the finely divided or
vaporized liquid fuel contained in the mixture will be ignited at the glowing
low grade fuel and help it to burn. The poorer the low grade fuel, the more
liquid fuel in the finely divided or vaporized state will have to be added to the hot
compressed air in order to assist in the combustion of the low grade fuel. It will
also render the layer of glowing coals and slag cinders porous and thereby provent
them from clogging or jamming. When in the mixture the air and the liquid fuel
stand in the proper proportions to each other and when the quantity of mixture intro-
duced into the fire is regulated in correspondence with the nature of the low
grade fuel on the grate, all smoke will be consumed and a complete consumption
of the fuel will be obtained.
For the purposes above mentioned I provide the furnace of a steam boiler or
any other furnace with an arrangement comprising a line of air heating pipes
laid in a channel leading to the chimney and in flues or channels and in the
smoke chamber of the furnace, a device for injecting liquid or vaporized liquid
fuel into the heated air, a blower or compressor for sucking in the mixture
and discharging it under pressure into the fire and a series of hollow and per-
forated grate bars replacing the common fire bars or the steps of a slanting grate
either wholly or partly.
Near the steam boiler is arranged the inlet for fresh air to the heating piping,
which leads the air first through the fume or smoke channel between the steam
boiler and the chimney, then through the one side flue, the smoke chamber and
the other aide flue of the steam boiler to the blower. On its way through the
course of piping the air will become heated, so that it arrives at a very high
temperature at the blower. An injecting device of any known construction is
provided for introducing a regulated quantity of liquid or vaporized liquid fuel
into the hot air. The injecting device should be so arranged, that it will divide
the liquid fuel finely and mix it thoroughly with the hot air. The temperatura
of the hot air may be so regulated, that the injected liquid fuel will be vaporized.
Before the liquid fuel is injected it may also be vaporized in some known, manner,
for example by leading it through a line of piping running parallel to the afore-
said piping. After the mixture of hot air and finely divided or vaporized liquid

page_text: fuel has entered the blower, it will be discharged by the latter under a certain
pressure into the main pipe and the side branches leading to the chambers of
the fire grates. Here the mixture is distributed into perforated grate bars which
may be tube-shaped or box-shaped or into tube-shaped perforated grate bars altermat
ing with ordinary grate bars as the case may be, and rom there forced through holes
in streams into the fire. I generally supply the whole of the air required for the
combustion through the arrangement described, but where it is so preferred, a
part of the air may be introduced in the ordinary manner from without through
the spaces between the grate bars.
As already mentioned, the fire grates may be constructed in either of the ways
herein described. The front ends of the tube-shaped perforated grate bars or
of the box-shaped perforated grate-bars may rest in suitable recesses of the front
plate. The grate bars may be in two halves united by suitable sleeves or other
means or they may be made in one piece for the whole length. Their closed back
ends may be fitted into suitable holes of the angle piece, or they may be supported
in some other manner. The hollow grate bar may be stiffened by means of a
rib if desired.
In cases, where slanting grates are employed, they will have to be arranged in
a similar manner, either by inserting tube or box-shaped perforated grate bars
in steps, or by shaping the steps similar to tubes or boxes and providing them
with holes at the top side.
The blower is assumed to be driven from a steam-engine by means of a counter
shaft. It may, however, be driven from an electro-motor, a shafting or otherwise.
It may also be replaced by a compressor so as to attain a higher pressure of the
mixture on entering the fire.
The injecting device may be placed behind instead of before, the blower or com-
pressor.
The arrangement as above described and shown may be applied to any furnace.
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE TUTTICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Smoke Consuming Furnaces.
I, PAUL CORNELIUS, of 32 Schonhausser Allee, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
The object of my invention is to so arrange a furnace as to burn low grade fuel,
such as wet bituminous coal, earthy bituminous coal, coal-dust, wet saw dust, lan,
peat and similar substances, as completely as possible, and to consume the smoke.
According to my invention I introduce a mixture of hot air under pressure and
finely divided or vaporized liquid fuel through a series of hollow and perforated
grate-bars, said mixture being directed upwards into the layer of burning and
glowing or red-hot low grade solid fuel. The pressure under which the said
mixture is injected enables it to penetrate even a thick layer of solid fuel and
prevents the coals and slag or cinders from clogging or becoming massed or
jammed between the grate bars. The heat of the mixture will increase that of
the fire and the finely divided or vaporized liquid fuel contained in the mixture
will be ignited by the glowing fuel and promote its combustion. The poorer
the fuel, the more liquid fuel in a finely divided or vaporized state will have to

page_text: be added to the hot compressed air in order to assist in the combustion of the
said fuel. The jets of heated air and automized or vapourized fuel will also render
the layer of glowing or red-hot coals and slag or oinders porous, and thereby
constitute an adilitional means for preventing them from clogging or becoming
jammed By regulating the quantity of mixture introduced into the fire, and the
proportion of air and liquid fuel comprising said mixture in accordance with the
nature of the fuel on the grate, all smoke will be consumed and a complete con-
sumption of the fuel will be attained
For these purposes I provide the furnace for a steam boiler or for other purposes
with an arrangement comprising heating pipes haud in the smoke chamber and in
the flues and channels leading to the chimney, a blower or compressor for drawing
in the heated air and delivering it under pressure to the fire, means for actuating
Baid blower or compressor, a device for injecting liquid or gaseous fuel into the
compressed and heated air, and a series of hollow and perforated tubular or
box shaped grate bars replacing the common fire bars or grate bars either wholly or
partly
And in order that my invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect, I will describe the same more fully with reference to the accompany-
ing drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a ground plan of a steam boiler plant to which my invention is
assumed to be applied
Figure 2 is a vertical cross section of the same taken on the line y-x in
Figure 1
Figure 3 is a cross section of a fire grate consisting entirely of perforated tubular
grate bars
Figure 4 is a cross section of a fire grate consisting entirely of perforated box
or channel shaped bars
Figure 6 is a cross section of a fire grate consisting partly of ordinary fire
bars and partly of perforated tubular bars
Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal section of a fire grate, showing a perforated
tubular grate bar in elevation.
Figure 7 is a ground plan of the fire grate, of which Figure 5 is a cross section
on an enlarged scale.
Figure 8 is an end view of a perforated box or channel grate bar, and
Figure 9 is a cross section of such a bar provided with a rib d
In all the figures like letters of reference indicate similar parts,
Near the steam-boiler A 18 arranged the inlet I for admitting fresh air to the
heating pipes K, which serve to convey the steam through the flue or smoke
channel B between the steam boiler and the chimney D, then through one of the
latéral flues L, the smoke chamber M, and the other lateral flue L of the steam
boiler, to the blower G During its passage through the pipes K, the air will
become heated, so that it arrives in a highly heated state at the blower G An
injecting device H of any suitable known construction is provided for introducing
a regulated quantity of liquid vaporized or gaseous fuel inte the hot air This
injecting device is so arranged that it will finely divide the liquid fuel and dis-
tribute it evenly in the air supply
The temperature of the hot aut may be so regulated that it will cause the
vaporization of the injected liquid fuel; or such vaporization may be effected
in any well known manner before the said liquid fuel is injected, for example
by conveying it through a series of pipes running parallel to the aforesaid pipes K
After the mixture of hot air and finely divided or vaporized liquid fuel has entered
the blower, it is discharged by the latter under a certain pressure into the main
pipe C and the side branches N leading to the chambers P of the fire-grate Q, Q.
Here the mixture is distributed into the perforated grate-bars, which may be
the tubular bars a illustrated in Figure 3 or the box-shaped bars b illustrated
in Figure 4, or into perforated tubular grate-bars a which are arranged with
ordinary grate-bars as illustrated in Figures 6 to 7, as the case may be. From

page_text: the grate bars the air is forced in diverging streams through the holes into the
fue, as indicated approximately by the dotted lines in Figures 3 to Owing
to the high temperature and highly inflammable character of the mixture, it will
be ignited immediately and increase the heat of the fire Owing to its pressure
it will be able to force its way through the layer of burning and glowing fuel
and thereby prevent the fuel and slag or cinders from caking and cooling down.
For the same reason the mixture will also facilitate the utilization of low grade
fuel by maintaining the temperature at a high paint by penetrating the fuel in
all directions
As already mentioned above, the fire grates Q Q may be constructed in either
of the ways illustrated by Figures 8 to 9. The front ends of the perforated
tubular bars a or of the perforated box shaped bara b, may rest in suitable
recesses in the front plate k The grate bars a or b may be in two halves
united by suitable sleeves or other means, or they may be made in one piece for
the whole length. Their closed rear ends may be fitted into suitable holes of an
angle piece m, or they may be supported in any other manner vv denote ordinary
fire-bars arranged between the perforated hollow bars a. Figure 9 shows an
example of a perforated box shaped bar provided with a stiffening rib d.
In cases where sloping or step grates are employed, they are arranged in a
similar manner, either by inserting tubular or box-shaped perforated grate-bars
in steps, or by shaping the steps similar to tubes or boxes and providing them
with holes in their upper surfaces
The blower G 18 assumed to be driven from a steam-engine E by means of a
counter shaft F. It may, however, be driven from an electro-motor, of from
any convenient shafting, or otherwise In lieu of an ordinary blower an air-pump
or other compressor may be employed, so as to attain a higher pressure of the
gaseous mixture on meeting the solid fuel.
The injecting-device may be placed behind instead of before the blower or
compressor
The arrangement as above described and shown may be applied to any furnace
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I decolare that what I
claim in a smoke consuming, furnace 18:-
1 The combination with a inlet for fresh air, of air heating pipes arranged
in the smoke channel of the chimney and in the flues of the furnace, a blower
connected to the end of said heating pipes, an injecting device placed on the
Junction between said heating pipes and said blower and arranged for intro-
ducing liquid or gaseous fuel, a series of perforated hollow bars replacing several
or all the fire bara and distributing the compressed mixture of hot air and fuel
into the fire, and a piping between said blower and said perforated pipes, sub-
stantially as described
2. The combination with an inlet for fresh air, of air heating pipes arranged
in the smoke channel of the chimney and in the flues of the furnace, a blower
connected to the end of said heating pipes, means for driving said
blower, an injecting device placed at the junction between said heat-
ing pipes, and said blower and arranged för introducing liquid or
gaseous fuel, a Beries of perforated tubular or box shaped bars
placing several or all of the fire bars and distributing the compressed mixture
of hot air and fuel into the fire, and a piping between, said blower and said
perforated tubular or box-shaped bars, substantially as described
re-
3 The combination with an inlet for fresh air, of air heating pipes arranged
in the smoke channel of the chimney and in the flues of the furnace, a com-
pressor attached to the end of said heating pipes, an injecting device placed at the
junction between said heating pipes and said compressor and arranged for intro-
dücing liquid or gaseous fuel, a series of perforated tubular or box shaped bars
replacing several or all the fire bars and distributing the compressed mixture of

page_text: hot air and fuel into the fire, and a piping between said compressor and said
perforated bara, substantially as described
4. The combination with an inlet for fresh air, of air heating pipes arranged
in the smoke channel of the chimney and in the flues of the furnace, á com-
pressor attached to the end of said heating pipes, means for driving said compressor,
an injecting device placed at the junction between said heating pipes and said
compressor and arranged for introducing liquid or gaseous fuel, a series of
perforated tubular or box shaped bars replacing several or all the fire bars and
distributing the compressed mixture of hot air and fuel into the fire, and a
piping between said compressor and said perforated bars, substantially as described.
6. The means for facilitating the use of low grade fuel and consuming the
smoke, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the annexed
drawings.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C, Agents for the Applicant.