IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS USED THEREIN OF SIZING, DRYING, AND WARPING OR BEAMING OF WORSTED, WOOL, OR OTHER WARPS OR THREADS, AND PARTICULARLY OF WHAT ARE KNOWN IN THE TRADE AS TENDER OR VERY FINE WORSTED OR WOOL WARPS"
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Chris Anderson, of 4, Osborne Terrace, Leeds, in the
County of York, Stuff Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS USED THEREIN OF SIZING, DRYING,
AND WARPING OR BEAMING OF WORSTED, WOOL, OR OTHER WARPS OR
THREADS, AND PARTICULARLY OF WHAT ARE KNOWN IN THE TRADE AS
TENDER OR VERY FINE WORSTED OR WOOL WARPS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Chris Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1881.
CHRIS ANDERSON, of 4, Osborne Terrace, Leeds, in the County of York, Stuff
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS USED THEREIN
OF SIZING, DRYING, AND WARPING OR BEAMING OF WORSTED, WOOL, OR OTHER
WARPS OR THREADS, AND PARTICULARLY OF WHAT ARE KNOWN IN THE TRADE
AS TENDER OR VERY FINE WORSTED OR WOOL WARPS.'
"
My Invention consists, firstly, of an arrangement of sizing trough and rollers, and
of the covering of the working surface of such rollers with india rubber for the
purpose of applying the size to the threads of a warp, and may be described in the
following manner:-A size trough of sufficient dimensions for the work required
is provided and partially filled with size of a proper consistency, and over and with
partially immersed periphery in the said size is placed an india rubber covered
roller in such a manner that without being totally immersed in the size by its
revolution, the said roller may be wetted with the same over its entire peripheral
Burface or such portion. as may be required by the work to be done. Over this
said roller, and having its axis in the same vertical plane and its peripheral surface,
which is also covered with india rubber, in contact with that of the aforesaid roller,
is placed a generally similar roller, to the aforesaid sizing roller, and the two
rollers are pressed together with sufficient force for the purposes of the work. The
threads of the warp to be sized are properly led between these rollers, and in this
manner by the revolution of the same are properly wetted with the size which is
by them taken from the trough before named, the quantity of size left in the warp
being regulated by the pressure of the said rollers.
The second part of my Invention consists in an arrangement of revolving drying
frame, and of carriers placed on the same for supporting the fresh sized warps until

page_text: they are partially or wholly dried, and of the particular conformation and nature
of the surface of such carriers which I find necessary for the prevention of their
own clogging with size taken by them from the sized warps, and for the prevention
of the breakage of the threads of warp by the adhesion of the same to the said
carriers, and this part of my Invention may be described as follows:-
I provide a large approximately cylindrical generally open revolving frame, and
longitudinally on its peripheral surface at sufficient intervals I place linear fixed,
rounded, hard, polished surfaces generally, by preference, consisting of fixed small
copper or brass tubes for the purpose of supporting the threads of a warp clear of
any other part of the said frame, so that the threads of warp on leaving the frame
after being dried are enabled to crack off the set or congealed size which has
adhered to the carriers, and leave them clean for a repetition of the drying process
as the revolution of the said frame progresses. I place this said drying frame in a
hot room or in a current of hot dry air for the purpose of accelerating the drying
process.
The third part of my Invention consists of an arrangement for opening or
separating the sized threads from each other previous to beaming or in the operation
of beaming the warp for the loom or for other purposes, and is accomplished by
two small rollers, which may roll on the peripheral surfaces of each other, or may
be supported separately, the axes being placed approximately in the same vertical
plane. Each alternate thread is led over the upper surface of the periphery of
the upper roller and under the lower surface of the periphery of the under roller,
the rollers being revolved by the progressive motion of the threads, and thus the
friction of the contact of the dividing medium with the threads being reduced to a
minimum, almost the whole of the strength of the threads is left for overcoming
the adhesion by reason of the said size of each thread to its immediate neighbour.
In cases where, by reason of the quantity of size left in a warp to be dried, or
for other reasons, the size in a warp may not be quite dry on leaving the drying
frame aforesaid, I use a fixed frame in a hot room having rollers provided with the
carriers before named, so that a warp may continue to travel in hot air without
breakage until its size is sufficiently congealed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Chris Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th July
1881.
CHRIS ANDERSON, of 4; Osborne Terrace, Leeds, in the County of York, Stuff
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS AND APPARATUS USED THEREIN
OF SIZING, DRYING, AND WARPING OR BEAMING OF WORSTED, WOOL, OR OTHER
WARPS OR THREADS, AND PARTICULARLY OF WHAT ARE KNOWN IN THE TRADE
AS TENDER OR VERY FINE WORSTED OR WOOL WARPS."
My Invention consists, firstly, of an arrangement of sizing trough and rollers,
and of the covering of the working surface of such rollers with india rubber for
the purpose of applying size to.the threads of a warp, and may be described in the
following manner :-A size trough of sufficient dimensions for the work required
is provided, and partially filled with size of a proper consistency, and over and with
partially immersed periphery in the said size is placed an india rubber covered
roller in such a manner that without being totally immersed in the size by its
revolution the said roller may be wetted with the same over its entire peripheral
surface, or such portion as may be required by the work to be done: Over this
said roller, and having its axis in the same vertical plane, and its peripheral
surface, which is also covered with india rubber, in contact with foot of the
aforesaid roller, is placed a generally similar roller to the aforesaid sizing roller,
and the two rollers are pressed together with sufficient force for the purposes of the
work. The threads of the warp to be sized are properly led between these rollers,
and in this manner by the revolution of the same are properly wetted with the
size which is by them taken from the trough before named, the quantity of size
left in the warp being regulated by the pressure of the said rollers.
For purposes of economy in first cost I construct the said india rubber covered
rollers with iron shafts or cylinders having brass ends inserted in such a manner
that the said india rubber covering overlaps the said iron cylinder and brass ends
for the purpose of excluding the moisture of the size from contact with the said
iron, and preventing the admixture of oxide of iron with the size in the said
trough.
.
The second part of my Invention consists in an arrangement of revolving
drying frame, and of carriers placed on the same for supporting the fresh sized
warps until they are partially or wholly dried, and of the particular conformation
and nature of the surface of such carriers which I find necessary for the pre-
vention of their own clogging with size taken by them from the sized warps, and
for the prevention of the breakage of the threads of warp by the adhesion of the
same to the said carriers, and this part of my Invention may be described as
follows:-
-
I provide a large approximately cylindrical generally open revolving frame, and
longitudinally on its peripheral surface, at sufficient intervals, I place linear fixed,
rounded, hard polished surfaces, generally by preference consisting of fixed small
copper or brass tubes, for the purpose of supporting the threads of a warp clear of
any other part of the said frame, so that the threads of warp on leaving the frame
after being dried are enabled to crack off the set or congealed size which has
adhered to the carriers, and leave them clean for a repetition of the drying process,
as the revolution of the said frame progresses. I place this said drying frame in
a hot room or in a current of hot dry air for the purpose of accelerating the drying
process.
The operation of opening or separating the sized threads from each other
previous to beaming, or in the process of beaming the warp for the loom, or for
other purposes, is accomplished by two small rollers which may roll on the
peripheral surfaces of each other, or may be supported separately, the axes being
placed approximately in the same vertical plane. Each alternate thread is led
over the upper surface of the periphery of the upper roller, and under the lower

page_text: surface of the periphery of the under roller, the rollers being revolved by the pro-
gressive motion of the threads, and thus the friction of the contact of the dividing
medium with the threads being reduced to a minimum almost the whole of the
strength of the threads is left for overcoming the adhesion by reason of the said
size of each thread to its immediate neighbour.
In cases where by reason of the quantity of size left in a warp to be dried or
for other reasons the size in a warp may not be quite dry, on leaving the drying
frame aforesaid I use a fixed frame in a hot room having rollers provided with the
carriers before named, so that a warp may continue to travel in hot air without
breakage until its size is sufficiently congealed.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents a vertical section through the
whole of the apparatus and drying room which forms the subject of my Invention,
and a represents the warp roller or cheese, or sectional roller, placed on a suitable
shaft, which is provided with a brake drum, chain, lever, and weight marked
respectively a¹, a², a³, a¹. The line b with arrows represents the threads of warp
in its progress through the apparatus, and the directions of their motion; c is the
upper india rubber covered roller mentioned, and c¹ the lower one, which revolves
in the size and trough d, the shaded part in the section of c and c¹ representing the
india rubber covering. The levers e with sector plate e¹ are provided for the
purpose of applying the pressure aforesaid between the rollers c and c¹.
The aforesaid revolving drying frame is shewn by f, and the carriers on the
same for the warp threads by f¹, which are arranged round the frame as shewn.
For the completion of the drying process the rollers f² with carriers in sufficient
number are mounted in the hot room g, which is provided with a ventilating
shaft g¹ for carrying off the moist air. Steam pipes for heating purposes are shewn
by h. and the frame i bears the roller ¹, the separating rollers 2, 2, and the warp
beam 3, which is revolved by the drum and strap is driven by power drum 2.
The lever j with guide pulley and sector plate 2 is provided for the purpose of
tightening and slackening the driving belt or strap 15, and thus starting or stopping
the working of the whole apparatus, which is actuated by the warp b being drawn
through by the beam is.
-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which it may be applied, I now proceed to say that
what I claim to be secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters
Patent is,―
First. The use of india rubber covered sizing rollers placed and working in the
manner described and shewn.
Secondly. The partially immersed position of the said india roller, and the
carrying of the threads of warp to be sized over the said under roller, and between
the upper and under roller, as shewn and described.
Thirdly. The construction of the sizing rollers with iron bodies or cylinders and
brass ends and pivots.
Fourthly. The large sized drying frame having carriers, as shewn and described,
and the warp carriers on all rollers, separately or collectively.
Fifthly. The general arrangement and combination of the parts of my said
Invention, substantially as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Chris Anderson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
AHDIN
ANDERSON
CHR
IDIN
RSON.