IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR SAWING AND CUTTING SUGAR
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR SAWING AND CUTTING SUGAR."-A communication
T
of Bruscole Bolaium
Sealed the 15th July 1864, and dated the 19th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th January 1864.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SAWING AND CUTTING SUGAR," to be as
follows:-
By this Invention I am enabled to perform in one machine three operations
which have hitherto not been effected without the employment of two or three
separate machines or apparatuses. This machine is constructed as follows:-
At one side thereof there is a fly wheel worked by hand or otherwise, and
with teeth cast on its inner circumference acting on a bevil wheel fixed on an
axle; this axle carries one of two pulleys round which an endless band saw
passes, kept in place by a guide. The revolution of the fly wheels thus imparts
motion to the saw, which divides the loaf of sugar into slices of the desired
thickness. Instead of an endless band saw, a saw with a to-and-fro movement

page_text: On leaving the circular
cutter worked by a bar,
may be employed. Other teeth on the axis of the fly wheel gear into a bevil
wheel, which transmits motion to an endless screw, working in its turn a toothed
wheel on the same shaft as six ratchets, more or less; these ratchets carry
endless belts passing between circular saws, which act at right angles to the
band saw, and divide the slices of sugar into blocks as they are led up against
the saws by the belts. To prevent the blocks of sugar getting out of place I
cover them with a plate with slots therein for the passage of the saws; this
plate is caused to press upon the blocks by springs. The tension of the belts
and of the endless band saw is regulated by screws.
saws the sugar comes below a guillotine, chopper, or
which receives motion from a lever. On the driving axle of the machine is a
socket, which carries a conical tooth or projection; the lever just mentioned
also carries a tappet arranged so that when the projection carried by the axle
comes against it at each revolution it shall be lowered; this downward move-
ment is consequently imparted to the lever and the bar which works the
chopper, the blocks of sugar which come from the circular saws are thus cut
into pieces of uniform size. In order to give the pieces of sugar the dimen-
sions usually employed in commerce, I arrange the parts in such manner that
the chopper or cutter only descends once for every four revolutions of the
driving axle; I obtain this result in the following manner:-Outside the
projection before mentioned as being on the axle is a second projection, which
on receiving motion takes into recesses in the periphery of a wheel; on this
wheel is a metal band with parts, cut away so as to form two curved bands,
each tapered off at one end, into the spaces between the bands a hooked rod
takes, working from a fixed point, and acting by pressure on the first-named
projection. The wheel has eight divisions, and it is only when the second
projection takes into four of the recesses, and causes the wheel to make a semi-
revolution, that the hooked rod can take into one of the spaces between the
bands; in taking into the space it acts by pressure on the socket of the first-
named projection, which is arranged only to come against the tappet on the
lever, when it is caused, to turn by the hooked rod, it is therefore only at the
next meeting that the effect of the two projections, and consequently that of
the chopper, will be, produced. When at the next revolution the projection
which takes. into the, recesses in the wheel shall have caused the wheel to
advance, the hooked rod will have been forced out of the space between the
bands by rising up the tapered end, it will thus allow the first-named pro-
jection to turn without coming in contact with the tappet on the lever until
the driving axle shall have performed four revolutions.
The most convenient method of employing this machine is to fix it on a

page_text: table furnished with a slide placed under the machine for receiving so much
of the sugar as is necessarily reduced to powder by the saws, or if it is not.
convenient to fix the machine on a table a receptacle for the powdered sugar.
may be fitted to it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD-
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,.
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
SAWING AND CUTTING SUGAR," (communicated to me from abroad by Leon
Gauchez, of Brussels, Belgium,) upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
By this Invention I am enabled to perform in one machine three opera-

page_text: tions which have hitherto not been effected without the employment of two
or three separate machines or apparatuses. This machine is constructed as
represented in side view in Figure 1, and in front view in Figure 2, of the
accompanying Drawings.
At one side thereof there is a fly wheel A, worked by hand or otherwise, and
with teeth b, b, cast on its inner circumference acting on a bevil wheel C fixed
on an axle D. This axle carries one of two pulleys E, E, round which an
endless band saw J passes, kept in place by a guide G. The revolution of the
fly wheel thus imparts motion to the saw, which divides the loaf of sugar into
slices of the desired thickness. Instead of an endless band saw, a saw with
a to-and-fro movement may be employed.
Other teeth K¹ on the axis of the
fly wheel A gear into a bevil wheel K, which transmits motion to an endless
screw L, working in its turn a toothed wheel L' on the same shaft as six
ratchets I, more or less. These ratchets carry endless bets H, passing between
circular saws O, O, which act at right angles to the band saw, and divide the
slices of sugar into blocks as they are led up against the saws by the belts H.
To prevent the blocks of sugar getting out of place I cover them with a
plate N, with slots therein for the passage of the saws; this plate is caused
to press upon the blocks by springs M. The tension of the belts H and of
the endless band saw J is regulated by screws U and V respectively. On
leaving the circular saws 0, 0, the sugar comes below a guillotine, chopper, or
cutter P, worked by a bar S, which receives motion from a lever Q. The
arrangement of apparatus for actuating the chopper or cutter P will be
understood by the detached view, Figure 3. On the driving axle of the
machine is a socket, which carries a conical tooth or projection R'; the lever
Qalso carries a tappet R, arranged so that when the projection R' comes
against it at each revolution it shall be lowered. This downward movement
is consequently imparted to the lever Q and the bar S, which works the
chopper; the blocks of sugar which come from the circular saws O, O, are
thus cut into pieces of uniform size. In order to give the pieces of sugar the
dimensions usually employed in commerce I arrange the parts in such manner
that the chopper or cutter only descends once for every four revolutions of the
driving axle. I obtain this result in the following manner :-Outside the
projection R¹ is a second projection Z, also on the driving axle of the
machine, which on receiving motion takes into recesses Z' in the perephery of
a wheel W; on this wheel is a metal band, with parts cut away, so as to
form two curved bands X, X, each tapered off at one end as shown; into the
spaces between the bands a hooked rod takes, working from a fixed point V¹,
and acting by pressure on the projection R'. The wheel W has eight

page_text: divisions, and it is only when the projection Z takes into four of the recesses
Z, and causes the wheel W to make a semi-revolution, that the hooked rod
can take into one of the spaces between the bands X, X; in taking into the
space it acts by pressure on the socket of the projection R¹, which is arranged
only to come against the tappet R on the lever when it is caused to turn by
the hooked rod. It is therefore only at the next meeting that the effect of
the two projections, and consequently that of the chopper, will be produced.
When at the next revolution the projection Z shall have caused the wheel W
to advance, the hooked rod will have been forced out of the space between
the bands X, X, by rising up the tapered end, it will thus allow the projec-
tion R to turn without coming in contact with the tappet R until the driving
axle shall have performed four revolutions.
The most convenient method of employing this machine is to fix it on a
table furnished with a slide placed under the machine for receiving so much
of the sugar as is necessarily reduced to powder by the saws, or if it is not
convenient to fix the machine on a table a receptacle for the powdered sugar
may be fitted to it.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, constructing
machines for sawing and cutting sugar, in which the sugar loaf is acted upon
by saws and a chopper or cutter, all arranged and actuated substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard. Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.