IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Jackson, of 21, West Grove, St. John's Hill,
Battersea, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS."
Sealed the 15th March 1861, and dated the 14th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1860.
I, JOHN JACKSON, of 21, West Grove, St. John's Hill, Battersea, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the rendering lamps more suitable for
burning the heavier hydrocarbons which do not burn well or freely in lamps as
now constructed. For these purposes in constructing an argand lamp to burn
the heavier hydrocarbons, the outer or inner burner or wick tube has plates or
pieces of metal affixed to it at the lower end, which descend into and nearly
to the bottom of the vessel containing the heavy hydrocarbon. By these
means the heat of the burner is conducted down, and the heavy hydrocarbon
is warmed, so that such fluid is conducted more freely to the flame by the
wick. In constructing flat pipe-wicked lamps, the under side of the cap which
carries the pipe for the wick, and which is screwed or fixed on to the upper
part of the vessel which contains the supply of hydrocarbon, has similar plates
or pieces of metal affixed or applied to it, which descend nearly to the bottom
of such vessel; spaces are left between the plates or pieces of metal in
order that the heavy hydrocarbons may get freely to the wicks.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JACKSON, of 21, West Grove, St. John's Hill, Battersea, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Jackson, Her special licence that I, the said John Jackson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Jackson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands,_and_Isle_of_Man,_an_Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Jackson,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Jackson, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the rendering lamps more suitable for
burning the heavier hydrocarbons which do not burn well or freely in lamps as
now constructed. For these purposes in constructing an argand lamp to burn
the heavier hydrocarbons, the outer or inner burner or wick tube has plates or
pieces of metal affixed to it at the lower end, which descend into and nearly to
the bottom of the vessel containing the heavy hydrocarbon. By these means
the heat of the burner is conducted down, and the heavy hydrocarbon is warmed,
so that such fluid is conducted more freely to the flame by the wick. In con-
structing flat pipe-wicked lamps the under side of the cap (which carries the
pipe for the wick), and which is screwed or fixed on to the upper part of the

page_text: vessel which contains the supply of hydrocarbon, has similar plates or pieces
of metal affixed or applied to it, which descend nearly to the bottom of such
vessel; spaces are left between the plates or pieces of metal in order that the
heavy hydrocarbons may get freely to the wicks.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a section of the upper parts of an argand lamp without the
vessel which contains the hydrocarbon.
a is the wick which descends down the wick tubes e, and is capable of being
raised or lowered by the axis b, on which there is a pinion which gears in the
rack c, in like manner to that heretofore resorted to in raising wicks in like
constructions of lamps. The gallery which carries the shade and the chimney
embraces a screw d, so that by turning the gallery it is caused to rise or fall
according to the direction in which it is turned. The wick tubes e are con-
nected to the tube f by connecting pieces g, fixed at intervals apart so as to
admit air to pass freely between the wick tubes and the outer tube f; h, h, are
two pieces of metal which are fixed below the wick tubes, and descend down
to nearly the bottom of the vessel containing the heavy hydrocarbon, so that
the beat of the upper part of the lamp is conducted down into and acts on the
hydrocarbon in the vessel. In the lower plate i there is a small hole or boles.
Figure 2 shews a section of the upper parts of another lamp in which a flat
wick a is used, and it is similarly provided with two plates or pieces of metal
h, h, which descend nearly to the bottom of the vessel containing heavy hydro-
carbon. In each case the plates or pieces of metal h, h, are at such a distance
apart, and spaces are left between them as to admit of the heavy bydrocarbon
passing freely to the wick.
What I claim is the construction of lamps with pieces or plates of metal
h, h, descending into the hydrocarbon vessel, as herein explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Jackson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOHN JACKSON. (L.S.)