Improvements in the Process of Drying or Burning Bricks, Pipes, Tiles, and other Goods in "Clamps," Kilns, and other Works, and in Apparatus for Effecting the same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 24th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Drying or Burning Bricks, Pipes,
Tiles, and other Goods in "Clamps," Kilns, and other Works, and
in Apparatus for Effecting the same.
I, WALTER SMARTT, of Buckhurst Hill, in the County of Essex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:―—
This invention is intended to prevent or reduce the escape to the surrounding
atmosphere of smoke, gases and other objectionable matters from, and to more or
less prevent the passage of rain and other matters to, bricks, fuel and other goods
and materials during the process of drying or burning in clamps kilns or other
works.
I place over the whole or a portion or portions of the clamp, or over the
openings through which the objectionable matters pass from the kiln or works, a
roof or covering which with the other parts of the invention may be weighted,
clamped, bolted, or otherwise secured, to any clamp, kiln, or works against injury
by wind or from other cause.
I prefer to make the covering of a framework of iron, covered with corrugated
sheets of iron, and I prefer to make all parts of my invention so bolted, clamped,
or otherwise connected together, and to the clamps, kilns, or works, as to be
readily placed and secured together, and in their position, or separated and
removed.
I make the covering sloping in one or more directions to throw off rain and
other matters, and to cause the smoke, and other objectionable matters, to pass to
one or more escape openings, which, for convenience, I prefer to be near the sides
or ends. At the openings I place flues or channels, which I prefer to be vertical
and of iron, and of ample height and diameter. In or in connexion with the flues,
and preferably at or near their base, I place a tray or receptacle, which I prefer to
be of net or open work, in which may be placed coke, or other more or less porous
filtering material, which may be moistened, or mixed with any suitable deodorizing
or purifying preparation or ingredients.
In, or in connexion with, the fluc, and preferably next to the above tray, I place a
fire-place or furnace, and next to the fire-place or furnace, I arrange for a vessel of
deodorizing or purifying preparation to be placed, if found necessary.
The covering may be made of any suitable height, and the flues may be of any
suitable size. The position of the purifying apparatus may be varied, to enable
the heat from the bricks, fuel, and other goods and materials, to be used, or for
other purposes.
As fires in clamps gradually change their positions, the covering for clamps, if
not large enough to cover the clamps, may, together with their Hues, and other
attachments be made movable in one piece, or in sections, on roller slides or other-
wise, to avoid the labor of taking them to pieces. The covering may be made to extend
more or less over the fresh placed bricks, at the extending end of the clamp, and to
thus more or less render unnecessary the placing the usual boards over them.
I prefer the invention to stand on a clamp on which iron or other plates may be
placed, to bear the weight, and to facilitate the moving of the apparatus, and,
when used with kilns or other works, I prefer to clamp, bolt, or otherwise secure
the apparatus in a more or less firm manner to the walls, but the support may be
supplied separately from the clamp, kiln, or works. When used with clamps,
which frequently are very large, it may often be found cheaper, and more con-
venient, to dispense with more or less of the framework, and to support the sheets
of iron on bricks or other supports, piled or placed at suitable distances.

page_text: The invention may be considerably varied in methods of application, and in
materials, form, and construction, to adopt it to the various circumstances under
which it may be used. I so place the porous or filtering material, as to cause the
smoke and other matters to be more or less purified in passing through it. The
fire may be so placed as for the smoke and matters to pass through or into it, or to
circulate more or less closely round it. The vessel of purifying material or
preparation, I so place in the flue or channel, through which the smoke and other
matters pass, as to cause the latter to be influenced as much as possible.
When there is sufficient heat to cause the smoke and gases and other matters to
rise freely and there is nothing noticeable which is objectionable except bad
odours. A deodorizing preparation placed in the vessel provided as above for that
purpose, with neither fire nor porous material, may be sufficient. When the fire in
the clamp or kiln is first lighted, or when the smoke does not rise freely, the
purifying fire will mostly be useful. I prefer to have the porous preparation or
inaterial always in the tray, or receptacle provided for that purpose, and which
should be of open work, to allow such matters to pass through, and to change the
said porous preparation or material for fresh, when found necessary.
I place doors, and other appliances, as may be found necessary, to enable the
interior to be inspected, or to enable the invention and the clamps, kilns, works,
and their contents, with their connections to be properly attended to and worked.
I prefer generally to have the tray charged with a porous material, moistened or
mixed with a purifying preparation; and the fireplace or furnace charged with a
strong clean bright fire, preferably of a smokeless fuel, and the upper vessel
charged with a deodorizing or purifying preparation or material, so as to prevent
all sinoke and other objectionable matters, but frequently it will not be necessary
to use all the methods of purification, and at times possibly not cither.
Dated 22nd November 1890.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Process of Drying or Burning Bricks, Pipes,
Tiles, and other Goods in "Clamps," Kilns, and other Works, and
in Apparatus for Effecting the same.
I, WALTER SMARTT of Buckhurst Hill in the County of Essex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to such operations as the drying and burning of bricks,
pipes tiles, fuel, refuse from dust bins, and other matters and operations of an
analogous nature; and its object is to improve the drying or burning and to collect
and operate upon, the gaseous and floating emanations therefrom, so as to destroy
them or to render innocuous the residuary gases previously to their passing away
into the atmosphere, and thus cure or abate the nuisance which usually results
from such operations.
In this Specification the word "goods" is intended to include bricks, pipes, tiles,
fuel, refuse and other matters capable of being manipulated in the manner
described or referred to; and the word "gases" is intended to include smoke,
Carbonic acid, carbonic oxide, sulphuretted hydrogen, and other gases, fumes and
deleterious vapours and emanations; and the word "burning is intended to
include also drying.
In carrying out my invention I provide and fit a suitable roof or cover,
preferably formed of corrugated sheet iron, with all necessary framing for
supporting the same. When the covering is fitted to a kiln or analogous structure
it may be supported by the walls, either permanently or temporarily; in the

page_text: latter case one covering may be used alternately for two or more of such kilns or
other structures.
When fitted to a clamp or similar works, the covering is preferably made move-
able, so as to be placed over that part of the clamp which is burning, and be
moved as required. The covering or coverings is or are sometimes extended more
or less horizontally or vertically so as to protect the sides and ends of the clamp,
and especially the end where the new goods are being placed to protect the same
from wind and rain, which impede the satisfactory burning and increases the gases,
or for other purpose.
The covering may be supported by suitable provisions resting on the clamp, or it
may be supported by supports reaching to the ground and fitted with wheels
running on rails or their equivalent, or the rails may be fitted to raised supports
for the same purpose, the wheels or rollers in this case being attached to the
covering.
The covering protects the goods from rain and snow and collects the rain or
melted snow for use (if required) by means of gutters or channels fitted to the
covering, leading to drains and reservoirs provided for the purpose.
The two ends of the covering or roof are enclosed, whereby the covering is
rendered suitable for collecting the gases, and if the edge of the covering be made
to fit somewhat close round the burning portion of the clamp the suction caused by
my invention will tend to improve the burning, and decrease the time required for
burning, and economise the fuel as well as lessening the quantity of gases thrown
off or produced.
At one or more parts of the covering, one or more flue or flues, or channel or
channels, is or are fitted, having an opening or openings thereto from the space
enclosed by the covering. At or near these openings, or in connection with the
flues, I fit filtering appliances, preferably of one or more thicknesses of woven or
porous material, or a wire or open work, or perforated metal receptacle, in which
coke or other suitable material, together with any suitable deodorizing, disinfecting,
or purifying preparation or ingredient may be placed for collecting soot and other-
wise rendering the gases innocuous. The soot may from time to time be cleared
from the appliances, which, when necessary, may be temporarily removed for that
purpose, the soot forming a valuable material in various manufactures, and for
gardening purposes.
I fit in the flue one or more furnace or furnaces for the purpose of inducing an
outward current, and heating the gases in their passage to the outer air, whereby
the same are deprived of deleterious properties. The combustion and destruction
may generally be increased by admitting suitable quantities of fresh air, preferably
hot air, to the furnace and gases.
Suitable doors and other appliances, as the circumstances of each case may
require, are fitted to the covering and to the apparatus generally, for the purpose
of inspecting the same and adapting the method of procedure working or manage-
ment to the character of the goods and gases and to the general requirements and
circumstances.
In some cases, when necessary, I place above or beyond the furnace or furnaces,
absorbent chemicals, or destructive preparations, for the purpose of still further
purifying the emanations.
The invention generally may be varied to enable the great heat from the fuel
and goods to be used for drying and other purposes.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascer-
tained, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts; and which drawings are intended
to illustrate one method of carrying out my invention.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation, illustrating the application of my invention to
a clamp.
Fig. 2 is a back view taken from the extending end 6 of the clamp.
17:

page_text: Fig. 4 is a front view of the roof and flue.
Fig. 5 is a section of the flue on the line 3-4 of Figs. 3 and 4.
a a represents an ordinary clamp of bricks as usually arranged for burning. bis
the extending end of the clamp, where the unburnt bricks are added for burning.
c is the delivery end of the clamp, from which the burnt bricks are removed.
e is the roof or
dd are supports for a tramway, upon which the wheels g g run.
covering supported by the wheels gg. f is the flue fitted to the roof e, for
collecting and rendering innocuous the gases collected under the roof or
covering e.
The eaves of the roofe are fitted with gutters for collecting the rain water 1
falling upon the roof. These gutters are fitted with vertical pipes (not shown in
the drawings) for conveying the rain water to tubs or other receptacles for storing
the same for use, as required. k is an opening, which may be covered with wire
work or perforated metal, through which the gases pass into the lower part of the
flue f. m is a movable tray or basket, which is filled with porous materials, such as
coke, ashes, broken bricks, salt, or other filtering and purifying material.
n is
The bottom of the tray m is made of perforated metal or wire work, to permit
the gases to pass through and mingle with the coke and other materials.
a grating forming the bottom of the ashpit under the furnace o. m² is a door to the
lower chamber, n¹ is a door to the ashpit, and o¹ is the furnace door. 02 is the dead
plate over the front of the bars. is another perforated plate upon which a
movable perforated tray may be placed, containing disinfecting or other purifying
preparations, when necessary.
A
When fitting my invention to kilns and other works, I sometimes usc
descending fluc, leading from the roof or covering to an under ground passage, and
build the ascending fine and purifying apparatus at a convenient distance from the
kiln or other works, in connection with the underground passage. One purifying
apparatus may thus be adapted to receive the gases arising from one, two, or more
kilns, or other works to which my invention may be applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In combination with clamps, kilns and other works for drying or burning
bricks, pipes, tiles, and other goods, and operations of an analogous nature as afore-
said, the application and use of a covering or roof, and other attachments, for
collecting and otherwise treating the gases, so as to collect or destroy the floating
emanations therefrom, and render the residuary gases more or less innocuous and
for other purposes, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In combination with operations and apparatus as aforesaid the application and
use of filtering, heating and disinfecting apparatus, for screening and otherwise
purifying the gases produced by the aforesaid operations and thereby arresting the
deleterious portions of the emanations, and rendering the residuary gases more or
less innocuous substantially as hercinbefore described.
Dated 22nd Avonast 1801
GEO. DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.