for the Cutting of Hair, Grass, and for other like Purposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: for the Cutting of Hair, Grass, and for other like Purposes.
We, THOMAS LOVELL PHIPPS and WILLIAM BURMAN both of Ryland Road,
Edgbaston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPPING
OR SHEARING MACHINES OR APPLIANCES, FOR THE CUTTING OF HAIR, GRASS AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be follows:-
My invention has for its object principally to simplify the construction, and to
render more efficient clipping or shearing machines or appliances to be used in
the clipping or shearing of horses and other animals, for the cutting of human
hair for hairdressers' use, and also for the cutting of grass and hedges and for
various other purposes; and my said invention consists in so arranging the parts,
that the lever which carries the combined head or cap has a hanging bush upon
which the other lever turns, which last named lever caries upon its underside a
stud which engages in an inclined slot in the top cutter plate for giving the
necessary reciprocation to the cutter in which it engages-Roller bearings are
situated on the underside of each end of the cap, and which rollers take their
bearing on the top plate, so as to reduce frictional contact, and render the cutters
or clippers easier to work.
The cutters consist of two plates having preferably serrated edges both at front
and back-The upper plate has a long slot cut about its middle in the longer
direction, while inclined transverse slots are situated on both sides of the before
named slot, and through which said middle slot or hole the central affixing pin
passes in connecting the lower plate to the casing or lever cover as hereinafter
described-This movable plate has provided at its outer ends with guide slots
wherein guide and fixing studs carried on the underside of the cover passes.
The casing or covering carried by the left hand lever has a central hollow bush
or sleeve depending from its underside, and upon this bush the fulcrumed end of
the other lever turns, which said end carries a stud, which engages with one of the
inclined cross slots in the movable cutter plate-The other inclined slot is simply
to take the place of the first named, on the plate being reversed.
The case or cover is provided at its ends, with fixed studs or pins which pass
through the guide slots at the ends of the movable plate, and terminate, or take
C
Pine 71

page_text: into holes in the bottom plate; and situated near these studs, are cross depressions
or seats with square or V bottoms, wherein anti-friction rollers work, which
rollers come in direct contact with the under surface of the top or movable cutter,
so as to reduce the frictional contact between the opposed surfaces.
The rollers are kept in their places or to their seats by slightly gathering the
surrounding metal over the sides of the rollers.
A central screw pin passes through, and is attached to the under plate, and
also passes through the slot in the upper plate and through the hollow bush of
the cover, to the top side thereof; and to the terminal end of this screw pin, a
fly nut screws, which binds the whole of the parts together and gives the requisite
tension or pressure to the cutting plates for the free and perfect action of the
machine.
By constructing and arranging the parts of clippers as before described, there
is little liability of the parts becoming deranged in consequence of the formation
and disposition of the parts and the bearing surfaces-and moreover the clippers so
constructed are more durable than those of the ordinary kind.
Instead of the extended surface rollers being disposed between the top cutter.
and the underside of the covering cap as described additional long cross rollers may
also be placed between the fixed and movable cutter so as to reduce the friction
between them-In this latter case the rollers rest upon a yielding part or seat
to allow the cutters to lie perfectly flat one upon the other so as not to impair
their efficiency in cutting.

page_text: Cupping or shearing machines or Appliances
for the Cutting of Hair, Grass, and for other like Purposes.
We, THOMAS LOVELL PHIPPS and WILLIAM BURMAN both of Ryland Road,
Edgbaston near Birmingham in the County of Warwick Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPPING OR
SHEARING MACHINES OR APPLIANCES FOR THE CUTTING OF HAIR, GRASS AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention has for its object principally to simplify the construction, and to
render more efficient, clipping or shearing machines or appliances to be used in
the clipping or shearing of horses and other animals, for the cutting of human hair
for hair dresser's use, and also for the cutting of grass and edges and for various
other purposes; and our said invention consists in so arranging the parts, that the
lever which carries the combined head or cap, has a hanging bush upon which the
lower lever turns, which last named lever carries upon its underside a stud, which
engages in an inclined slot in the top cutter plate, for giving necessary reciprocation
to the cutter in which it engages. Roller bearings are situated on the underside
of each end of the cap, and which rollers take their bearing on the top plate, so
as to reduce frictional contact, and render the cutters or clippers easier to work.
The cutters consist of two plates having preferably serrated edges both at front
and back The upper plate has a long slot cut about its middle in the longer
direction, while inclined transverse slots are situated on both sides of the before
named slot and through which said middle slot or hole the affixing pin passes in
connecting the lower plate to the casing or lever cover as hereinafter described-
This movable plate has provided at its outer ends with guide slots wherein guide
and fixing studs carried on the underside of the cover, pass.
The casing or covering carried by the left hand lever, has a central hollow bush
or sleeve depending from its underside; and upon this bush, the fulcrumed end of
the other lever turns, which said end carries a stud, which engages with one of the
inclined cross slots in the movable cutter plate-The other inclined slot is simply
to take the place of the first named, on the plate being reversed.
The case or cover is provided at its ends with fixed studs or pins which pass
through the guide slots in the ends of the movable plate, and terminate or take
into holes in the bottom plate; and situated near these studs, are cross depressions
or seats with square or V bottoms, wherein anti friction rollers work, which said
rollers come into direct contact with the under surface of the top or movable
cutter, so as to reduce the frictional contact between the opposed surfaces.
The rollers are kept in their places or to their seats by slightly gathering the
surrounding metal over the sides of the rollers,

page_text: A central screw pin passes through, and is attached to the under plate, and also
passes through the slot in the upper plate, and through the hollow bush of the
cover, to the top side thereof; and to the terminal end of this screw pin, a fly nut
screws, which binds the whole of the parts together, and gives the requisite
tension or pressure to the cutting plates for the free and perfect action of the
machine.
By constructing and arranging the parts of clippers as before described, there is
little liability of the parts becoming deranged, in consequence of the formation
and disposition of the parts and the bearing surfaces; and moreover, the clippers
so constructed are more durable than those of the ordinary kind.
Instead of the extended surface rollers being disposed between the top cutter
and the underside of the covering plate as described, additional long cross rollers
may be placed between the fixed and movable cutter, so as to reduce the friction
between them In this latter case, the rollers rest upon a yielding part or seat, to
allow the cutters to be perfectly flat one upon the other, so as not to impare their
efficiency in cutting.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing
the manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 is a plan of upper side of a hair clipper or hair clipping machine
provided with improvements made according to our invention, the left hand side of
the cap of the clipper is broken off in order to exhibit the long roller which is
interposed between the underside of the cap and the upper side of the top cutter
plate Figure; 2 is a transverse vertical section on the dotted lines A B figure 1,
and figure 3 is a longitudinal section on the dotted lines C D figure 1. Figure 4
is a transverse section taken through the clipper cap on the dotted lines E F
figure 1-Figure 5 shows a longitudinal vertical section of the combined cap and
handle separately-This view shows clearly the hanging bush or cylinder, and
also the long roller recesses or seats-Figure 6 is an underside view of the said
combined cap and handle-Figure 7 shows one of the long rollers separately-
Figure 8 is a plan of the top cutter plate, exhibiting the reversable inclined slots
wherein a stud on the underside of one of the levers takes, for giving the
necessary reciprocation of the top cutter plate over the fixed bottom cutter plate-
Figure 9 is another form of clipper, and shows the application of long rollers, where
the covering cap or head is separate from the handle or handles.
Figures 10 to 18 both inclusive, show plans, elevations and sections of the
means employed in securing and keeping the long rollers within their recesses.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the Drawing.
a a² is a combined cap and handle, the former of which is provided with a
hanging bush or cylinder a³, around or upon which, the second handle 6 turns
as a centre or fulcrum.
The said bush a³ in order to relieve friction, may be surrounded or encircled
upon its outside, by a roller or ring-a' are roller seats or recesses wherein long
anti friction rollers cc work, and which, said rollers are disposed between the
underside of the cap a, and the top surface of the upper cutter plate d, which
latter is provided with reversable oblique or inclined slots d³ d² wherein the pin 6*
carried by and on the underside of the lever b, works, in order to impart to the
said cutter, its necessary reciprocation over the lower cutter.
By arranging the oblique slots d³ d² in duplicate, and out of the same straight
line, the top cutter plate admits of being reversed or turned round, on the teeth of
the front cutting edge becoming injured or blunted by wear-Thus the teeth
of the front edge admit of being replaced by the teeth, at the back edge, which
latter have been sharpened by the frictional contact of the adjacent cutter plates,
during the process of clipping.
a¹ a¹
are studs on the underside of the cap a which pass through the end gaps
or slots d³ of the plate d, and take 'loosely into holes e² in the bottom cutter e to

page_text: admit of lateral adjustment is a central screw pin with a square ended. shoulder
at its bottom end, and wormed at its top end, which said screw pin passes! through
the cutter plates through the hole or eye in the cap depending bush, and is secured
at its top or upper end by a fly nut g; thus by the screwing up of the said nut,
the requisite tension and cut is put upon the cutters.
The rollers care held within their sockets or seats arby slightly closing or
spreading the surrounding metal of the open top, over or partially over the front
of a roller, thereby retaining the said roller within its seat or socket, which is
formed or sunken on the underside of the cap; so that when the parts of the
clipper are taken to pieces, the anti friction surfaces or rollers are prevented from
becoming displaced or falling from their sockets.
Figure 10 shows a roller secured in its recess as by drawing or bulging the
metal surrounding the sides, over the top of the roller at several points, and
marked a-In figure 11 the metal of the top walls of the roller socket is closed
or gathered in over the ends instead of over the sides..
Figure 12 represents another form for keeping the roller c in its place-This
roller has stud ends marked c², and it is over these ends that the metal a® is
drawn.
In figure 13 the roller is retained by a cross pin c³ lying within a groove c¹
in the middle part of the roller-This cross pin is fixed and the roller retained
within its socket by closing the metal a over the pin ends or over the pin sides.
In figure 15 the roller recess a³ is drilled transversely, nearly across the metal of
the cap, so as to make an open and closed end with the metal at the open top
slightly overhanging the recess-The overhanging metal in this case forms the
means for preventing the roller from becoming detached from its socket.
On the roller being placed in position, through the open side shown in figure 16,
and on the introduction of the roller figure 17, the metal a at the open end is
closed, with a dirt excluding washer in front of roller end, as shown at figure 15-
Figure 18 is an end view exhibiting the overhanging open top.
By employing long rollers as described, both friction and wear is relieved, and
the contact surfaces on which the rollers work, are unimpared or uncut by
constant wear,
In figure 9 the cap or cover is made separate from the handle or lever, and the
long anti friction rollers disposed between its underside and the top cutter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
First. In hair and other clipping machines-Interposing long anti friction
rollers or short cylinders between the underside of the cap or handle, or combined
cap and handle, and the upper side or face of the top cutter, for decreasing
frictional contact between the bearing surfaces and working parts substantially
as described and illustrated.
Secondly. Making roller sockets or recesses on the underside of the clipper cap,
or combined cap or handle, wherein long rollers or cylinders disposed between the
said cap and top cutter plate, work, substantially as described and illustrated.
Thirdly. Holding anti-friction rollers or short cylinders within their bearing or
socket recesses, by closing or drawing the metal surrounding the said seats slightly
over the tops of the rollers, or over the ends of the rollers, or over the ends of cross
bars which cross the rollers, or over the ends of rollers in which the tops of the
socket recesses overhang the rollers, substantially as described and illustrated.
Fourthly. The combination with the cap a or combined cap or handle a² of a
hollow bush or cylinder a³, around which the secondary handle b turns as a centre
or fulcrum, and through which the binding or tightening screw pin ƒ passes,
substantially as described and illustrated.

page_text: Lastly. The combination of two inclined or oblique slot holes d' d², disposed
out of the same straight line, which admit of the reversability of the plate when
the teeth on either one or other of the two sides require to be changed, substantially
as described and illustrated.
THOMAS LOVELL PHIPPS.
WILLIAM BURMAN.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for the Applicants.