CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM CAMPIN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of January (1846), in the ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Frederick William Campin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Frederick William Campin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said Frederick William Campin,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, and also in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney,
Sark, and Man, the Invention, communicated to me from abroad, of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Frederick William
Campin, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in

page_text: writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick William Campin, hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described in
and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of a portion of a passenger carriage
constructed according to the said Invention; and Figure 2, another sectional
elevation, shewing more clearly the internal arrangements. The propelling
apparatus consists, firstly, of springs A, A, to the ends of which are attached
conical screws V, V, which press upon the wheels, by the reaction of which
springs, combined with the weight of the vehicle to be propelled, the centre of
gravity is changed, and motion produced; and, secondly, of a set of pneumatic
helicondal fly wheels, or air turbines, by the aid of which the motion so
acquired and the adhesion of the wheels are kept up. The principle on which
the former portion of the Invention depends will be understood by reference
to the Diagram, Figure 7. Let P represent the primary force, and R the
secondary force; then, if both these forces are equal, and they are greater than
a third force, suspended at T, motion will ensue; and if, instead of a straight
lever, an endless chain is made use of, and P is fixed, then, on turning, the
action will become constant as long as R is free to act through the piece O.
The maximum effect will be always in a ratio with the suspended mass. Should
the two forces (P and R) not be in exact equilibrium, either on account of
the load being insufficient or of any irregularities of the ground, a third force
may be applied at M.
Figure 5 shews how the principle thus demonstrated is practically applied.
When the detent D is set free, the piece O ascends, and the springs are
loosened, and the conical screw with which those springs are furnished cause
them always to act on the same particular part of the wheels, and hence
the effect which is produced. The handle h (see Figure 2), connected with
m, m, raises the fulcrum on the right or on the left, so that the motive
power, coming from underneath through the medium of the piece o, may meet
the reaching motion backward or forward. The helicondal fly wheels, or
air turbines, are shewn in Figure 3. The spokes, it will be observed, of the
two wheels intersect one another, that is to say, those of one wheel take into
the spaces between those of the other wheel. They act on each other

page_text: through the agency of the air which is condensed in their semi-horns (the
form assumed by the spokes), and are made to revolve in the same plane by
straps connected with the helixes.
In Figures 4 and 6 the Invention is shewn as applied to marine propelling.
The hull of the ship serves in this case the office of the piece o, in Figures 1,
2, and 7; or the apparatus may be enclosed in a case, so constructed as to be
supported upon its fulcra. D and X shew the first arrangement of the springs
combined with the beam, which acts as the detent. The racks at the bottom
are merely introduced to shew by their small range of action the advantage
gained by the substitution of the helixes. In the semi-plan, Figure 6, q, q,
are throttles made in the bow, in order to force the air to be condensed upon
the paddles b, b, (see Figure 3; this air reacts afterwards at Z, enters the
turbines by the motion of the flaps, and produces two artificial wind spouts,
which may be moderated to any extent desired by side valves.
Aud having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,-
First, the mode of propelling by means of springs with conical screws acting
directly on the wheels of vehicles in combination with the weight of such
vehicles, as before described and exemplified.
And, second, the employment of pneumatic helicondal fly wheels, or air
turbines, in connection with the means first herein claimed, as also before
described and exemplified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Campin, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
F. W. (L.S.) CAMPIN:
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that the Instrument aforesaid was stamped,
according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign
of His late Majesty King George the Third.