Ax IMPROVED JACKET OR PROTECTOR FOR METALLIC AND OTHER VESSELS AND STRUCTURES CONTAINING SOLID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS OR GASES, TO PREVENT RADIATION OF HEAT FROM OR COMMUNICATION OF HEAT TO SUCH VESSELS AND STRUCTURES."
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Bevan, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Watch Manufacturer, and Abel Fleming, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "Ax IMPROVED
JACKET OR PROTECTOR FOR METALLIC AND OTHER VESSELS AND STRUCTURES
CONTAINING SOLID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS OR GASES, TO PREVENT RADIATION
OF HEAT FROM OR COMMUNICATION OF HEAT TO SUCH VESSELS AND STRUCTURES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Bevan and Abel
Fleming at the Office of the Commissioners of Patenis, with his Petition,
on the 2nd January 1865.
We, EDWARD BEVAN, of Birkenhead, in the County of 'Chester, Watch
Manufacturer. and ABEL. FLEMING. of Liverpool. in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED JACKET OR PROTECTOR FOR METALLIC AND OTHER VESSELS AND STRUC-
TUBES CONTAINING SOLID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS OR GASES, TO PREVENT RADIATION OF
HEAT FROM OR COMMUNICATION OF HEAT TO SUCH VESSELS AND STRUCTURES," to he
as follows:
Our improved jacket or protector is applicable to all kinds of vessels and
structures, those which are or can be closed, as well as those which have
openings, to the air, and it may be used over or to protect the whole or a part
only of vessels and structures, the objects being in prevent or retard loss or
[Price 8d.]

page_text: waste of heat. by radiation, and to insulate" vessels or structures containing
substances or fluids at temperatures either above or below that of the atmos-
phere so as to preserve them for a length of time at or near the same tempera-
tures and in the same conditions as they were when placed in the said vessels
or structures. As instances of application where the temperature is above,
and it is desirable that it should be kept above that of the atmosphere, we
mention steam and hot water boilers or vessels, blast and other furnaces, and
vessels for domestic purposes; and where the temperature is below, and it is
advantageous that it should be kept below that of the atmosphere, we name
ice safes and wine coolers. To prevent or retard radiation and penetration of
heat from or to vessels and structures it has been the practice hitherto to
interpose between an inner and outer vessel and between inner and outer
walls, or between the walls and an outer casing of a structure some palpable
substance, such as charcoal, brick dust, or ivory, which is not a good conductor
of heat. After lengthened experiments we have found that it is unadvisable
to use palpable substances, and our Invention consists in jacketting or protect-
ing vessels and structures either wholly or partially, as may be necessary, by
atmospheric air or other gaseous fluids, preferably, not in communication with
the external air. To keep the inner and outer vessels and the structures and
casings apart small pieces of earthenware or other non-conductor of heat are
used. Where the temperatures are high and fluctuating one or more small
openings to the air might be left in the outer vessel or casing, and such
openings could be provided with safety valves to open outwards and inwards
so as to allow for increase or decrease of pressure of the said jacket or protector
of atmospheric air or other gaseous fluids.
The following description of the means of carrying our Invention into effect
in cylindrical metallic vessels, such as could be used for domestic purposes,
for preventing or retarding the radiation of heat from warm water will clearly
point out practical means which will enable any mechanician to understand
our, Invention, and to carry it into practice in any of its applications. The
cylindrical metallic vessel for containing the hot water is placed within another
and larger cylindrical vessel of metal or other material, preferably of like
outline of form, but is not allowed to touch the same, there being interposed
between the said vessels small separating pieces of porcelain or other material
or substance not good heat conductors. The annular space between the
vessels at their mouths is fitted with a ring of india-rubber or some of its
compounds, or timber or other materials, so as to join the vessels and to
enclose in the space between them the jacket of atmospheric air or othe
gaseous fluids. The lid of this surrounded vessel is made of two thicknesses

page_text: of metal or other material with a space between them for air or other gaseous
fluids, and a ring of india-rubber or other material is fitted to the edges of the
annular space therein; it, the united and jacketted lid, may be attached to
the outer or inner cylindrical vessel by a hinge or other usual means, and
when closed secured in any ordinary manner. Of course if any gaseous fluid
other than air should be used as the jacket or protector, the india-rubber or
other rings would require to be fitted in air-tight, but when atmospheric air
is used one or two small openings would not be objectionable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
BEVAN, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Watch Manufacturer. and
ABEL FLEMING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming, Her special licence that we, the said Edward
Bevan and Abel Fleming, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns. should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "AN IMPROVED JACKET OR PROTECTOR FOR METALLIC AND OTHER
VESSELS AND STRUCTURES CONTAINING SOLID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS OR GASES, TO
PREVENT RADIATION OF HEAT FROM OR COMMUNICATION OF HEAT TO SUCH VESSELS AND
STRUCTURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edward
Bevan and Abel Fleming, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming,
lo hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our improved jacket or protector is applicable to all kinds of vessels and
structures, those which are or can he closed. as well as those which have
openings to the air, and it may be used over or to protect the whole or a part
only of vessels and structures, the objects being to prevent or retard loss or
waste of heat by radiation, and to "insulate" vessels or structures containing
substances or fluids at temperatures either above or below that of the aimos-
phere so as to preserve them for a length of time at or near the same tempera-
tures and in the same conditions as they were when placed in the said vessels
or structures. As instances of application where the temperature is above,
and it is desirable that it should be kept above that of the atmosphere, we
mention steam and hot water boilers or vessels, blast. and other furnaces. and
vessels for domestic purposes, and where the temperature is below, and it is
advantageous that it should be kept below that of the atmosphere. we naine
ice safes and wine coolers. To prevent or retard radiation and penetration of
heat from or to vessels and structures it has, been the practice hitherto in
interpose between an inner and outer vessel, and between inner and outer
walls, or between the walls and an outer casing of a structure some palpable
substance, such as charcoal. brick dust, or ivory, which is not a good conductor
of heat. After lengthened experiments we have found that it is unadvisable
to use palpable substances, and our Invention consists in jacketting or protect-
ing vessels and structures either wholly or partially, as may be necessary, by
atmospheric air or other gaseous fluids, preferably not in communication with
the external air. To keep the inner and outer vessels and the structures
and casings apart, small pieces of earthenware or other "non-conductor" of
heat are used. Where the temperauires are high and fluctuating one or more
small openings to the air might, he left in the outer vessel or casing, and such
openings could be provided with safety valves to open outwards and inwards
so as to allow for increase or decrease of pressure of the said jacket or protector
of atmospheric air or other gaseous fluids.
✓
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings contains several views (not drawn to
the same scale) of a few of the vessels and structures to which our improved
heat and anti-heat jacket or protector is or can be applied. Thus, Fig. 1
shews a transverse section of part of a steam or hot water boiler marked a;
b the brick setting; c a covering of metal or other material between which
and the boiler a there is a space for the air or gas jacket or protector; e are

page_text: pieces for supporting the cover c. In ordinary practice one or two small
openings might or would be made in the cover c to allow the air as it increased
or decreased in pressure above or below that of the atmosphere to escape or
enter. Safety valves which are well understood might however be used. Fig. 2
is a vertical transverse section of a blast furnace f. wiili cover g. and air or gas
space; of course openings would be left for the inyeres and for tapping:
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a metallic vessel such as could be used for domestic
purposes; i is the outer vessel. j the inner one. separated from by the porcelain
or metal pieces : 1 is the unter, and the inner part of the lid connected by
hinge and fastened at ; p is the handle. q are the air or gas jacket or protector
spaces. One or more small openings should be made in the lid and body of
the vessel. It will be seen that the under edge of the lid is convex, and the
upper edge of the body concave, and this is so that the vessel may be as near
as possible air-tight. In some cases india-rubber, timber. or other easily
compressible material might be used at the junction of the body and lid.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a "tin can" constructed according to our Inven-
tion; it is nearly the same in its general features as Fig. 3. the principle
difference being in the lid, which in Fig. 4 is removeable; Fig. 5 is a transverse
section of a steam or water pipe r. surrounded by a square wooden case ».
between which and the steam pipe there is a space for the air or gas jacket.
or protector; is a carrying and separating piece: Fig. 6 is a vertical and
transverse section of a steam engine cylinder t, and steam supply pipe .
surrounded by casing or covering, and leaving space for air or gas y; Fig. 7
is a longitudinal section of an ice safe or wine cooler a, the outer wooden
case with hinged cover b' is the inner and smaller vessel, also with a hinged
cover. These two vessels are separated from each other by wood, clay, or
glass pieces c'.
In the foregoing, and in all applications of our Invention, it is advantageous
and desirable that the air or gas jacket or protector should be kept still or
quiet.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and particularly
set forth the application of the same for different purposes, we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves to any exact form, material, shape,
or dimensions of any of the parts herein mentioned, nor do we confine our-
selves in the application of our Invention to the vessels or structures named,
nor to the use of any particular kind or kinds of gas or gases for jackets or
protectors, as it will be clearly seen that atmospheric air is the most con-
venient and economical.

page_text: What we claim as our Invention is, the use or employment of atmospheric
air or gas, whether mixed or separately, and applied to the whole or a part of
a vessel or structure for the purpose herein set forth.
'
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Bevan, for myself and the said
Abel Fleming, have hercunio set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth
day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five
In the presence of
JOHN THOMSON KING,
Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
EDWARD BEVAN. (L.S.)