IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WORSTED. YARNS FOR DYEING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ingham and Edward Ingham, of Bradford, and
Benjamin Ingham, of Halifax, in the County of York, Dyers and
Finishers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WORSTED.
YARNS FOR DYEING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ingham, Edward
Ingham, and Benjamin Ingham at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th June 1857.
We, JOHN INGHAM and EDWARD INGHAM, of Bradford, and BENJAMIN
INGHAM, of Halifax, in the County of York, Dyers and Finishers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
WORSTED YARNS FOR DYEING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a means or method of preventing worsted" yarns
from twisting, curling, cockling, shrinking, or blistering, in, by, or through
the process of dyeing, which they are now subject to, and which is very
objectionable in the process of manufacturing such yarns into fabrics, and also
in the fabrics themselves.
We place the hanks of yarn upon a stretching frame, or any apparatus.
constructed so that the yarns can be stretched or distended thereon; we then.
submit them to the action of boiling water or steam whilst in that distended.
state, by which means or process we find that all tendency to twist, curl,"
cockle, shrink, or blister is entirely removed or prevented. The said yarns.

page_text: may then be scoured and dyed in the usual manner, and retain the straight
state of fibre so desirable to both the manufacturer, the merchant, and the
public.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said John Ingham,
Edward Ingham, and Benjamin Ingham in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
INGHAM and EDWARD INGHAM, of Bradford, and BENJAMIN INGHAM, of Halifax,
in the County of York, Dyers and Finishers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Ingham, Edward Ingham, and Benjamin Ingham, Her special
licence that we, the said John Ingham, Edward Ingham, and Benjamin
Ingham, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said John Ingham, Edward Ingham, and Benjamin Ingham, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from.
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WORSTED YARNS FOR DYEING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Ingham, Edward
Ingham, and Benjamin Ingham, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Ingham, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Ingham and Edward Ingham, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists of preventing worsted yarns from twisting, curling,

page_text: cockling, shrinking, or blistering, in, by, or through the process of dyeing, to
which they are now subject, and which is very objectionable in the process of.
manufacturing yarns into fabrics as well as to the fabrics themselves.
We place the hanks of yarn upon a stretching frame, or any apparatus.
so constructed that the yarns can be stretched or distended thereon; we then
submit them to the action of boiling water or steain whilst in that distended
state, by which we find that all tendency to twist, curl, cockle, shrink, or blister
is entirely removed or prevented. The said yarns may then be scoured and
dyed in the usual manner, and retain the straight state of fibre so desirable
to both the manufacturer, the merchant, and the public.
Our Invention will be fully understood by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, which shews the manner we carry our said Invention into
practical effect. Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a stretching frame or
apparatus which we employ for stretching or distending hanks of yarn; and
Fig. 2, an end elevation of the same, partly in section, in order to shew the
construction thereof.
.
The parts marked A, A¹, are two iron beams or pieces of cast metal, and
faced or covered on each side with wood to prevent the yarns from touching
the iron when the apparatus is in use. The parts lettered B are arms or pins
of wrought iron, which pass through and are fixed in the said beams, having
bobbins or hoops of wood or other material to prevent contact of the iron
with the yarns when placed thereon. C, C, are two screw shafts, one end of
each formed into a neck capable of working or rotating in the bottom beam A;
the other ends or screw parts passing through and working in screw boxes or
nuts fixed in the upper beam A¹. D, are portable handles or levers for
working the screw shafts; E, are feet or stands attached to the bottom beam,
for supporting the apparatus; and F, are hanks of yarn placed on the arms,
and which are stretched and distended by means of the screw, as will be
readily understood. The apparatus with the yarn stretched thereon. is then,
by the aid of a crane or other contrivance, lifted by the loop G and placed in
a cistern or pan of boiling water, where it is allowed to remain about ten or
fifteen minutes; it is then taken out and allowed to cool, when the screws are
slackened and the banks of yarn removed; after which process we find that
such yarn has no tendency to twist, curl, cockle, blister, or shrink, when
afterwards submitted to the processes of scouring and dyeing. Or, instead of
placing the yarns, thus distended, in boiling water, they may be placed in a
steam box or vessel made steam-tight, and subjected to the action of steamı,
which will produce the desired effect of preventing the twisting, &c. of the
yarns; but we find in practice that in some cases the colors given to them

page_text: afterwards are not so bright as when submitted to boiling water; we therefore
prefer boiling the yarns.
We have herein described the apparatus and process which we employ, and
which we consider the best adapted for the purpose, yet other forms or con-
struction of apparatus may be employed; for instance, the apparatus may be
constructed of two circular frames or bosses, with radial arms to hold the
yarns, and placed at proper distances on a central screw for distending them;
or instead of a screw or screws, levers may be employed, or the apparatus may
be in the form of a reel, having expanding wings for stretching or distending
the yarns when placed thereon; or an apparatus formed of two wings joined
together in the middle and placed at an angle to each other, having arms for
holding the yarns. We have experimented with many forms of apparatus,
but find the one herein described to answer best.
Having, thus fully described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we would have it distinctly
understood. that we do not confine ourselves to the particular form or con-
struction of apparatus as herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified
without departing from the spirit of the Invention; but we claim the pre-
paring worsted yarns for dyeing by stretching or distending the banks, and
consequently the fibre of the yarn, by any of the forms of apparatus herein
described or their equivalents, and subjecting the same to the action of boiling
water or steam whilst in that distended state, as herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Ingham, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Ingham and Edward Ingham, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Benjamin Ingham, in
the presence of
BENJAMIN INGHAM. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Benjamin Ingham, in
the presence of
BENJAMIN INGHAM. (L.s.)
WTASKER, Patent Agent,
Halifax.