IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FABRIC OR MATERIAL USED FOR BOLTING OR SIFTING FLOUR AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lewis John Thomas Howard and Lewis Howard,
both of West Street, Green Street, Bethnal Green, in the County of
Middlesex, Sieve Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FABRIC OR MATERIAL USED FOR BOLTING OR SIFTING FLOUR AND OTHER
MATTERS."
Sealed the 24th July 1860, and dated the 13th February 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lewis John Thomas
Howard and Lewis Howard at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th February 1860.
We, LEWIS JOHN THOMAS HOWARD and LEWIS HOWARD, both of West.
Street, Green Street, Bethnal Green, in the County of Middlesex, Sieve.
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE FABRIC OR MATERIAL USED FOR BOLTING OR SIFTING FLOUR AND;
OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows:-
We prepare the fabric or material for bolting cloths by weaving it of glazed.
cotton thread. These cloths are woven of a cylindrical form, and in order, to.
prevent them rending we dispose a combination of threads together, or, it may
be a stronger thread, at distances of about an inch apart, both in the warp.
and weft, which prevents the cloth splitting beyond those points. The cloth, i
when woven, we subject to a dressing operation, using a solution of gum and
[Price 8d.1

page_text: turmeric, which fixes the thread of the fabric. For other sifting purposes, we
weave the cloth of the same material, either in the form of the articles for
which it is to be used, or they may be cut from a fabric so formed and applied
to the sieves or sifters. We also dress the fabric with gum, as before.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Lewis John Thomas Howard and Lewis Howard in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th August 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LEWIS
JOHN THOMAS HOWARD and LEWIS HOWARD, both of West Street, Green
Street, Bethnal Green, in the County of Middlesex, Sieve Makers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Lewis John Thomas Howard and Lewis Howard, Her special
licence, that we, the said Lewis John Thomas Howard and Lewis Howard,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Lewis John Thomas Howard and Lewis Howard, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United.
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FABRIC OR MATERIAL USED FOR
BOLTING OR SIFTING FLOUR AND OTHER MATTERS." upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Lewis John Thomas Howard and Lewis Howard,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
-tain the nature of the said Invention and in what mauner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Lewis John Thomas Howard and
Lewis Howard, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):

page_text: purpose,
Fabrics used for sifting and separating materials, and for bolting cloths, it
is well understood, should possess uniformity of texture, and be little subject
to fraying or clogging, which is often the case with the fabrics ordinarily used.
In order to obviate such defects we employ a particular kind of thread in
weaving such fabrics which has not been heretofore in use, for the
whereby the fabric produced is much better adapted for the purposes of
sifting and bolting flour and other matters, and more durable than bolting
cloths usually manufactured. We also improve and strengthen such cloths by
increasing or thickening the warp and weft threads at distances, say, of an
inch apart, and we further fix the threads of the fabric by a solution of
gum.
In the manufacture of fabrics for these purposes we employ as the weft and
warp glazed cotton threads, such as well known under the denomination of
sewing cotton. These we arrange and weave in the ordinary manner, using
thread of a strength and size according to the nature of the fabric to be
These fabrics may be woven in the double or cylindrical formn in
which they are used as bolting cloths, or in a flat web, and afterwards cut
therefrom, and applied to the bolting machine, or for the purposes of sieves,
as may be required.
woven.
We manufacture fabrics of glazed cotton thread, either plain or strengthened
at points about an inch apart, in order to prevent them rending beyond those
points. If to be so strengthened, we simply introduce two or three coarser
threads at those points, or we traverse the shuttle two or three times in the
same shed to produce the strengthening parts of the weft, while the warpis
similarly strengthened by passing two, three, or more of the warp threads of
the same fineness, or, coarser, through the same heddle at the points desired.
To prevent clogging the reed of the loom, instead of passing these additional
threads through the same opening therein, they may be distributed through
two or more openings, so that there would be but a double quantity of warp
through two or three adjoining openings of the reed at the points of the fabric
to be strengthened.
more.
gum.
Having woven the fabric of glazed cotton thread, we then proceed to dress
it with a solution of gum, using about one pound of gum to every gallon of
water for the dressing of coarse cloths, but for fine cloths we dilute it a little
We also mix about one ounce of turmeric with the solution of
The fabric is immersed in this solution, and, after having removed all super-
fluous solution, it is stretched and dried in a suitable frame, or otherwise,
when it is fit for use. The fabric so manufactured is of hard firm texture,
is little subject to fraying or clogging while in use, and is moreover of a
durable, and consequently inexpensive character.

page_text: Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of perform
ing the same, we declare that what we claim as our Invention, to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the manufacture of
bolting or sifting cloths or fabrics of glazed cotton thread, as also the treatment
of such fabrics with a solution of gum, as herein described.
In witness whereof we the said Lewis John Thomas Howard and Lewis
Howard, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this. Thirteenth day
of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight, hundred and
sixty.
L. J. T. HOWARD. (L.S.)
LEWIS HOWARD, JUN. (L.S.)