Improvements relating to Fire-places for Pottery and other like Kilns.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1804
Complete Specification Left, 25th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 27th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
:
Improvements relating to Fire-places for Pottery and other like
Kilns.
We WILLIAM HASSALL, Earthenware Manufacturer, of Shelbrooke House,
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County of Leicester, and HERBERT WALTER SANSOM
of 10 Oxford Street in the Town and County of Nottingham, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to fireplaces for pottery, brick, terra cotta, and other
like kilns, or ovens, and has for its object to improve the construction thereof.
It may be used in connection with, or as an addition to, the invention described in
the Specifications and drawings of the Patent dated the 15th day of May 1889,
and numbered 8111.
In carrying out this invention, we construct, at the back of the fireplace, an air
chamber having the bottom built in the shape of an arch, and composed of ordinary
arch firebricks, leaving spaces between the ends of the bricks through which air
may pass, so as to mix with the gases arising from the combustion of the fuel,
and thereby consume them. These spaces we arrange at alternate distances from
the back or front, so as to form a zig-zag in plan, thereby allowing the arch bricks
to be thoroughly bonded together. Pieces may be cut off from the bricks, so as to
allow the more ready passage of air, but we prefer to leave the spaces between the
ends of the bricks, as greater stability is thereby insured to the arch. The top of
the airchamber is formed by the fire-hole arch, and the front and back may be
built up of solid firebricks.
The front upper part of the fireplace we form of a thin wall of firebrick on
either side, held in position by a cover-piece in such a way as to leave a space
between the outside of each wall and the permanent work of the oven. 'This
space serves as a passage for air to the air chamber, or hollow bridge, at the back
of the fireplace, and also prevents the fire-brick sides of the feed hole from
becoming overheated. The fronts of these spaces may be closed up, or the
admission of air may be regulated by valves according to the amount of air required
to clear the fire and burn the smoke. Holes may also be left through the side
walls of the upper part of the fireplace, near the front, in order to clear away the
accumulation of smoke.
A door may be used to close the front of the fireplace, and it may either be
raised or lowered vertically by means of a chain and balance-weight, or slide
sideways on a convenient.frame.
The sides of the fireplace in the lower part, may be constructed with ordinary
"square" firebricks, leaving a space at the back, and also spaces between the
joints of the bricks, through which air may be passed to the burning fuel, thereby
keeping it alive; the air for this purpose may be taken either from the ash-pit, or
from the front of the kiln, or in any other convenient manner.
The ash-pits may also be closed up, or the admission of air regulated by
convenient doors or plates.
By means of this new construction of fire-place, we can burn fine and cheap fuel
with less cost and better results than can be obtained with large coal in ordinary
fireplaces, and at the same time the smoke will be consumed.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1894.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Fire-places for Pottery and other like
Kilns.
We WILLIAM HASSALL, Earthenware Manufacturer, of Shelbrooke House,
Ashby-de-la-Zonch in the County of Leicester, and HERBERT WALTER SANSOM
of 10 Oxford Street in the Town and County of Nottingham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to fire places for pottery, brick, terra cotta, and other
like hilus or ovens, and has for its object to improve the construction thereof.
It may be used in connection with, or as an addition to, the invention described in
the Specification and drawings of the Patent dated the 15th day of May 1889,
and numbered 8111.
In carrying out this invention, we construct, at the back of the fireplace, an air
chamber having the bottom built in the shape of an arch, and composed of
ordinary arch firebricks, leaving spaces between the ends of the bricks, through
which air may pass, so as to mix with the gases arising from the combustion of the
fuel, and thereby consume them. These Spaces we strange at alternate distances
from the back on front, to as to form a zigzag in plan, thereby allowing the arch
bricks to be thoroughly handed together. Pieces may be cut off from the bricks,
so as to allow the more ready passage of air, but we prefer to leave the spaces
between the ends of the bricks, as greater stability is thereby ensured to the arch.
The top of the air chamber is formed by the firehole arch, and the front and back
may be built up of solid firebricks.
The front upper part of the fireplace we form of a thin wall of firebrick on
either side, held in position by a cover piece in such a way as to leave a space
between the outside of each wall and the permanent work of the oven.
This
space serves as a passage for air to the air chamber or hollow bridge at the back
of the fireplace, and also prevents the firebrick sides of the feed hole from
becming overheated. The fronts of these spaces may be closed up, or the
admission of air may be regulated by valves, according to the amount of air required
to clear the fire and burn the smoke. Holes may also be left through the side
walls of the upper part of the fire-place near the front, in order to clear away the
accumulation of smoke.
A door may be used to close the front of the fireplace, and it may either be
raised or lowered vertically by means of a chain and balance weight, or slide side-
ways on a convenient frame.
66
The sides of the fireplace in the lower part may be constructed with ordinary
square" firebricks, leaving a space at the back, and also spaces between the
joints of the bricks, through which air may he passed to the burning fuel, thereby
keeping it alive. The air for this purpose may be taken either from the ashpit or
from the front of the kiln, or in any other convenient manner.
The ashpits may also be closed up, or the admission of air regulated, by
convenient doors or plates.
By means of this new construction of fire place we can burn fine and cheap fuel
with less cost and better results than can be obtained with large coal in ordinary
fireplaces, and at the same time the smoke will be consumed.
In the accompanying six sheets of drawings we have shown various plans for
carrying out our invention;--thus,in Sheet I we have shown, at Fig. 1, a vertical
longitudinal section taken through the centre of a fireplace or furnace; Fig. 2 is a
transverse section on the line; and Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line ==,
both of Fig 1.

page_text: In all the sheets of drawings, the same letters will refer to the same or corre-
sponding parts; thus, J will in all cases refer to the permanent brickwork of the
kiln, the furnaces which wear out being built up or rebuilt in spaces or arches in
the usual way, as required. The furnaces will of course be provided with charging
doors, as L, which may be hinged, or sliding, and also with fire or clinker
doors L, more or less inclined grates Q, and ashpits Q*, which may be open or
closed as desired.
Gare the side walls of the furnace, and G* may represent the flue opening.
D is an arch built at the back of the furnace over the Aue hole. D¹ is the back
wall of the furnace, and D² the back wall of the setting, these two walls being
placed at some distance apart so as to form an air space D. In the side walls G
are passages F, which serve to connect the space D with the open air, so that air
can pass into the space D*, where it becomes more or less heated, and thence
through openings E (formed in the arch D in any convenient manner, so as not to
weaken the arch) to the flue hole, where it meets the products of combustion
proceeding from the fire, and produces perfect combustion. Holes K may be left
through the walls G, and connecting with the passages F, in order that air may
enter, so as to clear or drive away any smoke that may collect in the upper part of
the furnace, which we term the feed hole.
Air is also introduced into the furnace by means of the openings N in the side
walls, which openings are in connection with a passage or passages O, leading from
the front of the setting, or an air space may be arranged behind these openings,
the air being drawn from the front through the passage P shown in dotted lines.
The openings N may be formed by setting the firebricks a slight distance apart.
All the air openings may be provided with means by which they may be closed,
when necessary.
For convenience of description, we may here remark, that we will call the
arch D and its accessories "the hollow perforated arched bridge D."
In Sheet 11, Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation; Figure 5 is a transverse
section on the line and Fig. 6 a transverse section on the line, Fig. 4, of
a modification in the construction of the furnace.
In this case, the air for the space D is taken in through a passage S, which is
left between the cover piece R and the top of the arched setting, in addition to
the passages F, the entrance to the passages being regulated in any convenient
manner.
The passages
are formed in the permanent brickwork J, instead of in the
lining, as in the former case.
In Sheet III, we have shown a front elevation of a modified form of furnace, at
Fig. 7, and a longitudinal sectional elevation at Fig. 8.
In this case, the passages F are dispensed with, and an air opening S made
between the cover piece R and the top of the setting. From this passage the air
passes into the furnace, and then through an opening in the top of the front
wall I of the air space D*.
The arch bricks may be formed as shown in the detached view Fig. 9, the grooves
in the bricks forming the air passages. Or the bricks may be formed with holes
through them.
The side wall bricks may be made with rebates formed in them, of lesser or
greater depth, as may be desired.
The air for the sides may be taken from the ashpit by means of the passage P.
It will be obvious that the sides may consist of perforated firebrick slabs, instead
of bricks.
Sheet IV shows the application of our invention to such furnaces as have the
firebars set at a greater angle than in the previous arrangements, Fig. 10 being a
longitudinal sectional elevation, and Fig. 11 a transverse section on the line,
Fig. 10.
In this modification, the front ends of the fire bars are raised to the level of the
bottom of the feedhole, and supported at the top, and near the bottom, by two

page_text: bearer bars, the firebars themselves reaching to within some 8 or 10 inches of the
bottom of the ash-pit. V, thus leaving an opening through which dross and dirt may
be removed. The front of the ashpit is closed up by means of the moveable
plate V, which rests upon the brickwork bracket, and fits up to the top bearer
bar, the admission of air being regulated by the plate V, having a projection on
the inner side, which may be inserted into certain holes on the plate V, and thereby
he raised or lowered, according to the amount of air required.
The hollow perforated arched bridge D is built as in Sheet 1, except that in
every other course there are two air spaces E; this method being employed in
cases where there is more room, and a larger quantity of air is required. The air
spaces Fare arranged in much the same manner as in Sheet 11, the cover piece R
however being fixed dead up to the permanent arch.
The fronts of the air spaces may be closed, or regulated in any convenient
way.
The walls of the feed hole are built solid, without any perforations, but of
course there might be one or more perforations in each wall, if desired.
The perforated sides are built of bricks having holes N cut through the same,
the air going along passages O to an air chamber behind each side, and thence
hrough perforations N. Sliding quarries L may be used to close the front of the
feed-hole. (Any other method may of course be substituted.)
This pattern of firehole might be used without the perforated sides, the air to
the burning fuel being passed between the bars only.
In Figs. 12 and 13. Sheet V, we show our invention as applied to a pottery
kiln in which the furnace is ted downwards through hole 11, which is closed by
moveable cover 1..
Dis the perforated arched bridge constructed as in Sheet IV.
The air is admitted through a passage S, and travels down to the perforations
in the bridge, the quantity being regulated by a sliding quarry.
The perforated sides are built of bricks, with pieces cut away from them, thus
forming, when the bricks are in position, air spaces N.
The ashpit may be closed by means of a plate laid over the opening on the fluor
level.
Sheet VI shows our invention in connection with the kiln shown and described
in Specification of Patent No. 8111 of 1889, in which there is a supply of hot air
from a central air chamber within the kiln to the replaces, to assist combustion,
Fig. 14 being a longitudinal vertical section, and Fig. 15 a transverse section on
the liner Fig. 14.
In this case, our new construction of perforated bridge is shown in combination
with perforated sides in the lower part, which are built of bricks of the same
pattern as in Sheet. 111, the permanent work, however, being cut away behind the
perforated sides, in such a manner as to leave passages for air to get to all the
perforations, and thereby allow of the perforated linings being the same thickness
of brick as the rest of the linings.
The air supply to the perforated bridge is shown in somewhat the same manner
ns in Specification No. 8111 of 1889, namely, downwards through an opening or
groove in the permanent arch J, onto the top cover, where it spreads sideways,
and then downwards again to passages on each side, to the space D°. The front
part of the linings of the feedhole is built solid to the permanent work of the kiln,
and is provided with a sliding door L, a moveable plate V also closing the
ashpit.
We may here remark that we reserve to ourselves the right to modify our
invention on the lines indicated, though in all modifications we prefer to admit air
to the fuel in the lower part of the fireplace, in order to stimulate combustion, and
to supply air through the hollow perforated arched bridge, to complete the
oxidation of the smoke and gases, thereby getting the full heating effect from the
fuel. We also prefer, where possible and convenient, to envelop the portions of
the firehole which are subjected to the most intense heat, with an air space, in order

page_text: to preserve the brickwork as much as possible, passing the air used for this purpose
forward to the firchole, to assist combustion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. In fireplaces for pottery, brick, terra cotta, and other like kilns or ovens, the
use of a hollow perforated arched bridge constructed in the manner herein described,
forming an air chamber from and through which air may be passed to the burning
gases.
2. In combination with a hollow perforated arched bridge, the use of perforated
sides in the lower part of the fireplace, through which air may be passed from
suitable passages or chambers to the burning fuel, as and for the purpose set
forth.
3. Constructing the front upper part of the fireplace so as to leave air spaces
between the linings and the permanent work of the kiln, in order to prevent the
linings from becoming over-heated, and at the same time to serve as air passages to
the perforated bridge, us and for the purpose set forth.
4. In combination with the hollow perforated arched bridge, the hot air supply
to the various parts of the fire-place from a central air chamber within the kiln, as
shown and described.
5. The general arrangement, construction, and combinations of parts, as shown
and described with reference to the accompanying drawings, or any mere
modifications thereof.
1 1007
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.