matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELBARROWS AND HAND TRUCKS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Storer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1871.—A communication from abroad by Adam Scott Cameron, of
the City of New York, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN STORER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WHEELBARROWS AND HAND TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
1
The said Invention consists, first, in constructing the frames of wheel-
barrows and hand trucks, of tubular pieces of iron or other hard metal.
The sides of the frame and handle parts are made of two tubular pieces,
the said side pieces being connected together by two or more tranverse
tubular pieces. The ends of the said transverse tubular pieces pass
through holes in the side tubular pieces, and the said side and transverse
pieces are secured together by means of tie rods passed through the
transverse pieces and screw nuts screwed on the ends of the said tie
rods. The ends of the transverse pieces are shaped to the curvature of
the side pieces through which they pass: The body box or pan of the
wheelbarrow is made of sheet metal secured to the frame by rivets or
bobts.

page_text: The said Invention consists, secondly, in constructing in the following
manner the hubs of the wheels of wheelbarrows, the frames of which
are made as before described. The hub is made of a metallic tube of
a length nearly equal to the distance between the side tubular pieces
of the frame. The said hub is provided with bushes at each end, and is
supported on a fixed shaft, the said shaft being connected directly to the
tubular side pieces of the frame or to lugs secured to the said side pieces
by cross bolts. On the rotation of the wheel its hub works upon the
fixed shaft, the bushes at the ends of the hub bearing directly upon the
said shaft.
The said Invention consists, thirdly, in making the side bars of the
frame and the handles of wheelbarrows and hand trucks of one con-
tinuous tubular piece of iron or other hard metal. For this purpose a
piece of tubing is taken of a length suitable to form the side bars and
handles, and also an arch or connecting piece at the wheel end of the
frame, the said arch connecting the front ends of the side pieces together.
The said tubular piece is bent into the required shape in the usual way.
The wheel of the wheelbarrow works in the arch described and the
summit of the said arch also serves to support the front of the body
pan or tray of the wheelbarrow. The side pieces of the frame thus-
made are strengthened by transverse braces. The axis or hub of the
wheel turns in boxes or bearings fixed to the sides of the frame, the
body pan or tray of the wheelbarrow is secured to the frame by bolts
or rivets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CREEL FRAMES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Webb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1871.
I, THOMAS WEBB, of Bridgenorth, in the County of Salop, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CREEL
FRAMES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of creel
frames, such as are used in looms for the manufacture of carpets for
instance, whereby a great saving of time is effected in changing the
bobbins. It consists in dispensing with the usual creel peg or bobbin
spindle and its bearing in the creel bar, and in providing a small wire
or rod for the bobbin to work against instead, placed across the creel
frame in front of each bobbin, which is held against the said rod or wire
by the tension of the weights hung on the yarn, the bobbin resting on
a cross bar as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACture and PreparATION OF YARN FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aspden Pickup Dickinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th May 1871.
I, ASPDEN PICKUP DICKINSON, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACture and PreparATION OF YARN FOR WEAVING,
AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the winding frame
and with the winding operation entirely in the preparation of the yarn for
weaving. This is effected principally by so altering the "twist mule,"
or "ring frame," as to enable such machine to make a much larger
cop than usual, such cops being made upon tubes or spools without
heads or flanges.
I prefer to use the machine known as the "ring frame" instead of the
"twist mule" to put in the required twist, such machine being merely
altered so as to allow of making a much larger cop than usual, as I
have found that the use of this frame will obviate entirely the un-
evenness of the thread caused by the vibration of the mule carriage,

page_text: and make a much better thread, and by so altering the frame and
making large cops on spools without heads or ends I am enabled to
dispense entirely with the winding operation.
Having thus made the cops of the required size and form (instead of
taking them to the winding frame as usual to be rewound) I place the
said cops direct into a new form of creel of the warping or beaming
machine, such creel being so constructed and arranged that the yarn
can be drawn off the end of the spools without the spools revolving.
My improved creel is constructed as follows:-The standards of the
creel instead of being straight as usual are curved to about one-third
of a circle, and the pegs upon which the spools are mounted project
radially from the same, so that they are all inclined towards the centre
of the back reed of the warping or beaming machine. These pegs arc
formed with a spring (somewhat like an ordinary shuttle peg) to hold
the spools and prevent them from revolving, and the threads cach draw
off the ends of their spools in radiating lines towards the back reed.
The spools may be made concave instead of cylindrical, so as to prevent
the cop from being pulled off bodily.
By the use of this process and improved mechanism I-am-enabled
to retain the numbers or counts of the yarn as spun (atmospheric
influence only excepted), thereby causing the yarn to retain more of
its elasticity than was formerly the case, thus both improving and
increasing the production, and at the same time I economize both time,
labor, and expense by abolishing the operation of winding, and hence
saving the expense of the winding machine.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING RECIPROCATING INTO ROTARY MOTION IN STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th April 1871.-A communication from abroad by James
Harrod, of Union Township (Rinehart Post Office), County of
Auglaize, and State of Ohio, United States of America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING RECIPROCATING
INTO ROTARY MOTION IN STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new mode of applying steam and other
motive power to cranks for rotating driving shafts or for converting
reciprocating into rotary motion, and consists in attaching to the piston
rod of a steam engine, or to a reciprocating rod actuated by any other
motive power, a cogged rack which engages with a rolling pinion wheel,
the said wheel being rolled between the said rack and a stationary rack,
and connected with the driving crank by a rod pivoted to its centre,
as shown in the annexed Drawing, which shows the improvements as
applied to the piston rod of a steam engine.

page_text: A is the cylinder; B is the piston; O is the piston rod; D is a cogged
rack attached to and moving with the piston rod; E is a pinion wheel;
F is a stationary cogged rack. As the piston rod is moved or reciprocated
the pinion wheel rolls between the two racks D and F. G is a rod
which connects the pinion wheel with the crank II of the driving shaft. {
The racks are so arranged that the vertical motion of the pinion wheel
is equal to the diameter of the circle described by the crank pin I. The
pinion revolves on a pin or pivot through its centre to which the rod is
attached.
Figure 2 is a modification of Figure 1 having an additional pinion 1
and movable rack. J is a movable rack, the lower end of which is
pivoted to the pinion E and receives a longitudinal motion as the
pinion E is rolled up and down on the stationary rack F. K is a pinion
which is pivoted to the end of the pitman G and is rolled up and down
on the stationary rack F by the rack J. The rack of the piston rod D 1
and also the movable rack J work in sliding contact with the stationary
upright L.
I do not confine myself to any particular application of this device,
but design it for all the purposes for which it may be-adapted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howard Blamires and
Harry Marsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th March 1871.
We, THOMAS HOWARD BLAMIRES, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, and HARRY MARSDEN, of the same Place, Woollen Spinners and
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a prior Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to the said Harry Marsden, dated April 25th A.D. 1864,
No. 1039, which consists in the application of a creeper to the delivery
end of the scribbler, and a carriage to reciprocate under it, on which is
another creeper and a roller with rotary motion, the said carriage creeper
being arranged to receive the partially carded fibre in folds as delivered
to it by the first creeper, and the roller to wind the same in the folded
state and thereby to form a lap or roll of the said carded fibres, which
lap or roll is thence transferred or removed to the feeding end of another
carding engine.
In the Specification and Drawings of the aforesaid Patent it is shewn
and described that the said carriage creeper is caused to move at right

page_text: angles to the direction of the motion of the first creeper for the purpose
of crossing or the better mixing of the fibres.
Now in the carding of some kinds of wool or other fibrous substances
it is found desirable not to thus cross the fibres but to keep them in the
same straight direction, and for this purpose we construct and arrange
the creeper and roller of the carriage so as to move in the same direction
or parallel with the first creeper, whereby the partially carded wool or
other fibres are laid in the same direction when wound upon the rollers
as they were in when leaving the doffer and when laid upon the first or
conducting creeper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR Baking Bread and BISCUITS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Kaiser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1871.
I, FRANÇOIS KAISER, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Baker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OVENS FOR Baking Bread and BISCUITS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing ovens in the manner herein-
after described in order thoroughly to utilize the heat of their
furnaces.
as to
In constructing an oven according to my Invention I form the top
and bottom of the oven of iron plates set in brickwork, so
constitute therewith a horizontal rectangular chamber in which the
bread and biscuits are baked, access to the said chamber being gained
by means of lateral openings closed by iron doors. At the front of the
oven I build two furnaces over which I prefer to mount a cylindrical
steam boiler, so that the flame from the furnaces may impinge on the
bottom of the said boiler. From the furnaces the heat passes through
horizontal pipes placed a short distance below the bottom or floor of

page_text: the oven to an uptake at the back thereof, thence through pipes in the
upper part of the oven to a horizontal flue passing around the boiler
(where a boiler is combined with the oven), and thence through a
return flue above the top of the oven to a chimney at the back thereof.
Although I have described the use of two furnaces, several furnaces
or a single furnace only may be used, and although I prefer to combine
a steam boiler with the oven, in order to utilize the heat of the furnaces
as far as possible, the said boiler may be dispensed with, in which case
the heat passing from the front ends of the pipes in the oven enters
directly into the return flue herein-before referred to.
A second oven or drying chamber may if desired be constructed
between the top of the oven and the return flue herein-before referred to.
AN IMPROVED COUPLING FOR CARRIAGE SHAFTS OR POLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell Taber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1871: A communication from abroad by Isaac R.
Potter, of Dartmouth, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, JOHN RUSSELL TABER, of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COUPLING
FOR CARRIAGE SHAFTS OR POLES," a communication, to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to a contrivance for securing the shafts
or poles of carriages, carts, waggons, and other horse vehicles, in such
a manner that the shafts or pole cannot be accidently detached from the
vehicle.
.
The said coupling has a clip which is placed upon the axletree, and
secured thereon by a plate and two screw nuts. On the front side
of this clip there is a pair of jaws, between which is inserted the
end of a metal tongue or plate to which the shaft or pole is fastened.
This metal tongue has a pin or bolt passed through it or projecting
on each side; one of the jaws has a hole and the other a slot to

page_text: receive the said pin, the said slot being extended to the top of the jaw.
The latter has a shoulder on its outer side projecting towards the other
jaw, and the space between them is equal to the width of a projection
on the under side of the metal tongue, while the space between the
two jaws within this shoulder is much wider than the part of the
tongue enclosed between them.
This peculiar construction allows the shaft or pole to be readily
connected or disconnected, as follows:-The shaft must be held up
either perpendicularly or obliquely to a horizontal. position to allow
the tongue to be inserted within the jaws behind the shoulder, one
end of the pin dropping into the aforesaid slot with the other end
opposite the hole in the other jaw. Then the tongue is moved laterally
to insert the pin in this hole, the pin in the slot being long enough to
permit this lateral adjustment. The projection on the tongue will then
be opposite the opening at the front of the jaws, and the shaft or pole
may therefore be dropped into a horizontal position, the projection on
the tongue then preventing any lateral movement of the tongue between
the jaws.
If the shaft is to be detached, it is turned up till the projection
on the tongue is above the shoulder of the jaws, then moved laterally
to draw the nin out of the hole and then lifted out of the jaws.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEARING REINS AND CRUPPERS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hatfield Gossip at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1871.
I, GEORGE HATFIELD GOSSIP, of Haggerstone Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEARING REINS AND CRUPPERS FOR HORSES
AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in bearing reins and cruppers,
whereby certain inconveniences and disadvantages connected with such
articles as previously constructed are obviated.
Bearing reins and cruppers have hitherto been formed of materials of
a rigid nature, whereby great and unnecessary distress and pain have
been inflicted upon animals to which they have been applied.
Under the present Invention bearing reins and cruppers are con-
structed of a compound nature, so as to give them sufficient elasticity
to prevent the evils before mentioned. This is effected by inserting in
the straps, of which bearing reins and cruppers are formed, pieces of
india-rubber, vulcanised or not, or other suitable elastic material or

page_text: materials. The same may be inserted at any convenient part or parts
of the articles to which they are applied, thus giving sufficient liberty,
play, and ease to the head and tail of the horse or other animal, whilst
at the same time the efficiency of the articles for the respective purposes
of restraint and firmness remains unaffected.
As a modification of this Invention elastic pieces may be connected
with the pad or saddle to which the bearing rein and crupper may be
attached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXPANSION VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Francis Ommanney
and Henry Routledge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th February 1871.
We, FREDERICK FRANCIS OMMANNEY, of the Firm of Ommanney
and Tatham, and HENRY ROUTLEDGE, both of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXPANSION VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improved expansion or cut off valve
whereby the amount of steam admitted to the cylinder of a steam engine
is regulated in proportion to the load. In applying our Invention to a
steam engine with a slide valve we make the back of the slide valve
with a cylindrical shell, in which a hollow cylinder is fitted, the steam
ports in the hollow cylinder and in the cylindrical shell are diagonal,
and corresponding openings are made opposite the ports to make it into
a perfect equilibrium, cut off, or expansion valve. Both portions of the
valve are moved to and fro by eccentrics or other equivalents as usual,
but the hollow cylinder has a partial rotary motion imparted to it by
levers and rods actuated by the governor, in addition to the end to-and-

page_text: fro motion.
By this arrangement [as the governor balls expand the
hollow cylinder is turned partly round so as to bring the edges of the
diagonal ports earlier in contact, thereby cutting off the steam earlier
and reducing the speed of the engine, but if the governor balls collapse
the hollow cylinder is moved in the contrary direction, thereby cutting &
off later and increasing the speed of the engine.
The above details must be varied according to the peculiar construc-
tion of the valves to which our improvements have to be applied.
Our Invention consists also in giving motion to the expansion valve
by means of two discs on the spindle of the governor, acting alternately 1
when required on a friction wheel which is connected by shafts and
gearing to the spindle of the expansion valve.
AN IM- PROVED STOVE FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS."
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Smith, junior, of Barnard Castle, in
the County of Durham, Machinist, for the Invention of "AN IM-
PROVED STOVE FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS."
'
Scaled the 9th February 1872, and dated the 18th September 1871.

page_text: declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the
following statement, reference being made to the accompanying &
Drawings:-
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the stove.
Fig. 8
Fig. 2
"
a plan section through a
"
-
-> - a.
a front elevation of one of the plates of the fire-box
(D³ to D¹).
a side elevation of Fig. 2.
Fig. 3
"
Fig. 9
Fig. 4
"
a section of Fig. 2 through a
-
a.
وو
Fig. 10
a front elevation of one of the plates forming the
heating tubes (D³ to D³).
a section of Fig. 4 through a
"
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
"
a side elevation of Fig. 4.
"
وو
a.
a front elevation of tubes when tubes are circular.
a side elevation of Fig. 6.
The aim and design of this Invention is to heat as great an amount
of air as possible with a small amount of fuel, and to effect this by a 1
simple and economical construction. And this Invention effects this,
1st, by presenting a large amount of heating surface to the external air;
2nd, by an arrangement of the heating surface that enables the air to
be heated rapidly; 3rd, by casting the stove in sections.
In order to increase the area of the heating surface of the stove the
heated air and products of combustion from the fire-box B are made to
pass through a number of tubes or flues (N, N,) which are placed hori-
zontally between the firc-box (B) and the smoke box C, and which may
be of any shape or form (as shewn in their front elevations, Figs. 4
& 6). The tubes or flues N, N, are thus heated and assist in heating
the external air, which rises through the passages P, P, (Figs. 4, 6, & 8).
The tubes are placed near each other so as to cause the air between
them to be heated rapidly. The heating surface is also increased by side
plates D, D. The plates D' to D³ have an arch K at the bottom.
The plate D³ dispenses with the arch K so as to form an enclosure for
the firc-box on that side. The tubes or flues N, N, extend from D³
to D, the space between the plates D₁ and D2 forming the smoke
box C. The products of combustion after passing the smoke box C

page_text: (L.S.) WILLIAM SMITH, JUNIOR.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS FOR DAMPING AND DRYING YARNS, COPS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gratrix and Christopher
Gratrix at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st November 1871.
We, JOHN GRATRIX, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, and CHRISTOPHER GRATRIX, of the same Place, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OR METHODS FOR DAMPING AND DRYING YARNS, COPS, AND OTHER ARTICLES,
AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR," to be as follows :-
Our Invention consists of an improved method or methods for
damping and drying yarns, cops, or any other article.
We provide an air-tight vessel into which we place such articles we
may desire to operate upon. We fix a vacuum pump in a convenient
position, by which we extract all the air from said vessel containing the
articles. We work such vacuum pump and create a vacuum (not only in
the vessel) "but in every part of the articles contained in such vessel.
The liquid we desire to damp such articles with is then admitted into
the vessel, and from the absence of air "instantly" and thoroughly

page_text: impregnates the articles contained in the vessel. We then take off the
vacuum pump and apply a force pump under pressure until the most
difficult articles are penetrated and the most delicate without any
injurious effects.
AN IMPROVED SEED PLANTER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charles Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1871.-A communication from abroad by William
L. Seward, of Washington, District of Colombia, in the United
States of America.
I, THOMAS CHARLES PEARSON, of Openshaw, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SEED PLANTER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of a machine
suitable either for manual or horse labor, and is designed to plant seeds
of various kinds in one or more rows, and to cover the earth over such
seeds by one and the same operation, and consists of a frame mounted
in the form of a barrow and running upon one or more wheels, and
in the use and application of one or more vertical hoppers of any
convenient shape, into which the seed to be planted is placed, and to
which hopper a revolving motion is imparted either by a belt driven
from one of the wheels or axles of the. machine, or the motion may
be communicated by spur gearing or by a worm and worm wheels.

page_text: The bottom of this hopper is perforated with holes arranged in a circle,
and proportioned to the size of the seeds to be planted; and such
perforated bottom revolves in contact with a stationary plate in which
is situated a single hole communicating with a tube which conducts
the seeds into the drill or groove formed in the earth by the lower
extremity of such tube, which is suitably shaped for the purpose, and
has flukes or ears affixed at each side, and extending backwards to
cover such drill or groove and seeds deposited therein as the machine
advances. A stationary brush fixed inside the hopper prevents more
than one seed lodging in each of the holes of the perforated bottom
as it revolves over the hole in the stationary plate, and thus only one
seed at a time is allowed to pass through. A roller working at the rear
end of the machine is adjustable in height for regulating the depth of
the drill; and it will be readily apparent that by the use of different
sized holes in the bottom of the hopper, or by the application of false
bottoms to the hopper pierced with different sized holes, that seeds of
various sizes and kinds may be planted by this machine, the velocity of
the hopper being regulated according to the distance at which it is
desired to drop the seeds apart.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OP ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1871.—A communication from abroad by Thomas
H. Wagstaff, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
OP ENGINE FOR RAISING WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of two cylinders sur-
mounting and opening into a channel plate. In each of said cylinders
is a piston connected through its rods and links to either end of a
walking beam for producing a steady continuous discharge of water.
By means of a peculiar arrangement of valves and tappets steam is
alternately let into each cylinder on top of the piston, forcing it down
and expelling the water from its under side through the channel plate
and discharge pipe.

page_text: As the piston approaches the bottom of the cylinder the steam
induction pipe is antomatically closed, and the piston uncovers the
ports of side pipes leading from lower part of cylinder down into the
channel plates, when the steam in the cylinder is condensed by contact
with the cold water and a vacuum established in the cylinder, when the
piston is forced up by a column of water entering through the foot valve
forcing down the other piston, and expelling the water from the other
cylinder by means of the walking beam and its attachments. The steam
after the first stroke is completed is chiefly used to fill the cylinders for
creating a vacuum after they are emptied of their water, which fills them
by atmospheric pressure as described.
It also consists in a new and peculiar arrangement of the air and steam
valves, and mechanism for operating them; also in the arrangement of
the ports in the lower part of the cylinders for opening communication
between the steam in the cylinders and the water in the channel plate
at the completion of the downward stroke, thereby rapidly condensing
the steam and creating a vacuum, when a column of water raises the
piston and fills the cylinder in the manner described.
The air and steam valves are so arranged and operated that but a
very small amount of steam is required to be used in forcing down the
pistons and expelling the water under the pistons, as it is greatly
assisted by the upward pressure of the column of water raising the other
piston.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COMPOUND KNIFE HANDLES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Beral Bertram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1871. - A communication from abroad by Frederick
Moritz Beral Bertram, residing in the City of Hamburg, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
I, LEOPOLD BERAL BERTRAM, of Chippenham Road, St. Peter's Park,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COMPOUND
KNIFE HANDLES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," being a communication to me
from abroad by Frederick Moritz Beral Bertram, residing in the City of
Hamburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction
of compound knife handles, the same being also applicable to the
handles of daggers, stilletoes, and other articles, whereby the utility
thereof is greatly increased. On one or both sides of the handle and
forming part thereof is or are placed a box or boxes closed by the side
or sides of the handle, or some part or parts thereof, and which is or
are provided with a hinge joint or joints, or otherwise attached to or

page_text: .
rendered capable of being attached to or connected with the handle,
thus serving the purpose of a lid or lids to the box or boxes. The lid or
lids is or are capable of being closed or opened by means of a spring
stud or spring studs, or by any of the other well-known arrangements
adapted for such purposes.
The box or boxes so constructed and
arranged may be employed for various purposes, such as holding matches
or fusees, snuff, or tobacco.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1871.-A communication from abroad by Cyprien
Marie Tessié du Motay, of Paris, France, Chemist.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to the production of chlorine in a continous
manner by the following process:―
1st. Binoxide of manganese slightly heated in a retort or other vessel
in contact with hydrochlorine acid produces, as is well known, chlorine,
which separates from the water, and chloride of manganese which
remain in the vessel, thus Mn0'+2 HCl=2HO+Mn Cl+Cl.
2ndly. The chloride of manganese thus produced is heated to a dull
red in earthen retorts or other apparatus, and is decomposed by a current
of steam into hydrochloric acid and sesqui-oxide of manganese, but
when the steam is mixed with a quantity of air or oxygen sufficient

page_text: for the complete oxidation of the sesqui-oxide there is at once produced
a mixture of chlorine and hydrochlorine acid, and the peroxide of man-
ganese resulting can be used for a fresh production of chlorine, but in
this case the whole of the hydrochloric acid resulting from the
decomposition of the chloride of manganese is not transformed into
chlorine. In order to prevent the loss of hydrochloric acid it is
sufficient to dispense with the steam, and to cause either air simply or
oxygen to pass through the chloride of manganese. From this results
the complete transformation of the hydrochloric acid into chlorine and
thic continuous regeneration of oxide of manganese, as experiment has
proved. MnCl+0=MuO+CI.
From the above it will be percived that by causing the simultaneous
arrival in convenient proportions upon binoxide of manganeso heated to
a dull red in retorts or similar vessels of a mixture of gaseous hydro-
chloric acid and air or oxygen a continuous production of chlorine
with a constant quantity of binoxide of manganeso which is ever
regenerated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Vosper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1871.
I, HERBERT VOSPER, of Southsea, in the County of Hampshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
The object of my Invention is to work the slide valves of steam
engines direct from the piston.
To carry out my improvements the steam ports are placed near the
ends of the cylinder and the ends of the slide valve work directly over
the steam ports. Each end of the slide valve is furnished with a rod or
tappet passing through the steam port beneath it and projecting a short
distance inside the cylinder, and the steam ports are made of sufficient
length to allow of the play of the rods or tappets. When steam is
admitted at one end of the cylinder and causes the piston to arrive at
nearly the end of its stroke it strikes against and moves one of the rods

page_text: or tappets which moves the slide valve, thereby cutting off the steam
from one port and admitting it at the other, and driving back the piston,
which on arriving at the other end of its stroke strikes the rod or tappet
at the other end of the slide valve, thus reversing the action of the slide
valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, AND SHAPING STONE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ellicott Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1871.
I, JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES, of No. 12, Buckingham Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING, DRESSING, AND SHAPING STONE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object "Improvements in Machinery and
Apparatus for Cutting, Dressing, and Shaping Stone."
In order to produce a moulding on stone I first bring the stone
approximately to the required form by means of punch-like cutters
fixed in a holder. The holder is mounted on an axis which is caused
to vibrate rapidly through a small are by an eccentric or otherwise
whilst the stone is carried past it, as is described in the Specification
of a Patent granted to me and dated the 25th day of May, in the year
1868, No. 1718. I then complete the work by means of template like
tools made to the contour of the moulding, these tools I prefer to be
of chill cast iron; they are mounted in a holder in such a way as to

page_text: be capable of adjustment, and have a short vibratory motion commu-
nicated to them to and from the stone in a direction inclined to the
face.
I sometimes provide two tables or plates to carry the stones so as
to avoid loss of time when one table has passed under the tool, the
next table with another stone or stones follows, whilst the first is
Where
brought back ready to again pass the tool for another cut.
the work is circular I mount the stone on a turntable which is slowly
rotated in front of the vibrating tool, which with its driving gear is
mounted on a frame capable of traversing in guides to and from the
work. I sometimes give to the tool or tools a rectilinear motion in
place of the short vibration about an axis by means of a central
eccentric roller or cam rocking between two sectors or a modification
of the toggle joint, or the cutter holder may be actuated by a crank
or cranks and arranged to make its vibratory motion between guides
which can be set to any inclination to the face of the stone. The holder
with its guides and driving gear are all mounted in a sliding frame
which can be moved to and from the work or traversed over its face.
The cutter holder may carry more than one cutter or set of cutters, and
one or other of the cutters or sets of cutters may be brought into work
by altering the inclination of the holder. These constructions admit
of the stone being worked on two faces, say, first on a horizontal face
and then on a vertical face.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR TRAMWAYS AND RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1871.
I, THOMAS SCOTT, of Edinburgh, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS FOR
TRAMWAYS AND RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing rails suitable for tramways
and railways in the following manner:-I form each length of rail
hollow of either wrought or cast metal, the shape of which in transverse
section is somewhat like the letter U inverted, the top being formed flat
and with a deep groove or channel along its entire length, and with
transverse corrugations on the surface at one side of the aforesaid groove
or channel.
I also form the edges of the rail with projecting feet or flanges, to
enable the rail thus formed to be bedded and fixed to the framework or
metal of the road or way, to give to the rails a firm and steady bearing
to support the weight that is intended to move over them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd October 1871.-A communication from abroad by Henry
Petitpierre, of 13, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS," to
be as follows :—
This Invention of improvements in steam boilers relates, first, to the
application of a differential valve to limit the pressure in a pipe contain-
ing superheated steam, or steam at a higher pressure than that in the
boiler; secondly, to the application in a steam pipe of an injector for
varying the temperature of the steam, and imparting thereto any degree
of moisture desired.
The said injector is applicable to any pipe receiving steam from a
boiler or steam generator. The differential return valve which is placed
on the superheating tube is made to open inwards from the tube to the
generator, and if the pipe, boiler, or chamber in which it is applied

page_text: cannot sustain a pressure greater than P for example, the excess of
pressure is allowed by the aid of the valve to pass off into a chamber or
capacity also containing steam, but at a lower pressure, P 1 for example,
whereby accidents may be prevented from excessive pressure in the
pipes or boiler without wasting the excess of pressure by allowing the t
team to pass off into the atmosphere, as by conveying it into a second
boiler it may be utilized as required. With this object the valve is so
arranged as to present a lesser surface on the side of the tube to that
communicating with the boiler, receiving the excess pressure.
It will be understood that this valve may be adapted to all kinds of 1
superheating or other apparatus employed for increasing the pressure of
steam above that of the boiler. The valve thus serves as a pressure and
temperature regulator, possessing the advantage of preventing all waste,
inasmuch as it conveys to the steam' in one boiler the steam at a higher
pressure which it has.allowed to escape from the other boiler or pipe. 1
The action of the valve is entirely automatic, and it requires no super-
vision.
The advantage derivable from the use of the injector before mentioned
is that supposing a boiler or steam pipe should from any cause produce
steam too dry or of a higher temperature than is required, by its aid the 2
temperature may be regulated to any desired extent, and water in a
finely subdivided state introduced. The injector should take the water
from the boiler which produced the steam, or in any case water whose
temperature does not exceed 212 degrees. .
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON GRATINGS FOR AFFORDING LIGHT AND VENTILATION
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ashford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1871.
I, CHARLES ASHFORD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Iron Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON GRATINGS FOR AFFORDING LIGHT
AND VENTILATION,” to be as follows (that is to say) :—
Gratings for affording light to cellars and other erections or confined
places have heretofore been made of common cast iron, and heavy in
proportion to obtain strength, and as a consequence they not only
obstruct the light, but from the exposed position and rough usage they
are subjected to are frequently broken and rendered useless for the
purposes intended. And my improvements consist in casting such
gratings from iron which admits of being annealed in a suitable furnace,
using by preference for this purpose lorn and hematite iron, and which
from the process of annealing possesses all the fibrous strenght of
hammered wrought iron. And by the use of such iron I am enabled to

page_text: cast the frames for receiving such gratings in an expanded form at the
back, but from its malleable condition the frame may be closed or
brought together by hammering or otherwise, so as to engage the axes of
the frame, thus ensuring great security at this important part, and so also
by the staple or other means for connecting a chain or chains or loops
to hold down the front edge the toughness or tenacity of the metal I
purpose using affording additional strength.
And my improvements also apply to the casting of ventilating or
grated iron bricks, and other like articles where strength and lightness
of structure is required.
By my improvements I am not only enabled to produce such gratings
much lighter than ordinarily made, but with greatly increased strength,
thereby ensuring durability with the increase of light
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR PISTONS, RAMS, PISTON RODS, AND OTHER RODS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scaife and Thomas Carr
Younger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th February 1871.
We, JOHN SCAIFE and THOMAS CARR YOUNGER, both of Leeds, in the
County of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR PISTONS, RAMS, PISTON RODS, AND OTHER RODS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of cotton, woollen, or flax
refuse of any kind for the manufacture of our improved packing, that is
to say, we use cotton, cotton flocks, woollen, woollen flocks, cotton,
woollen or flax waste, cotton, linen, or woollen rags, any of them
separately, or mixed and combined with each other.
The mode of manufacture which we prefer is the following :-We
form external cases of any of these materials by the ordinary process of
weaving, knitting, or felting; we fill the cases with any of the materials
referred to, and put the said cases into moulds of the proper form
suitable for the varied sizes of packing required; we subject the moulds
containing the packing to pressure, cither hydraulic or otherwise, until

page_text: the proper form and compactness has been acquired by the packing.
We sometimes dispense with the external cases referred to, and form the
packing in the moulds under pressure without using tho casing; or wo
sometimes form the packing in the external cases without using the
moulds.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING RAILS FOR RAILROADS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gilbert and Thomas
Atkinson Ellis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd January 1871.
We, GEORGE GILBERT, of 23, Grove Road, Holloway, and THOMAS
ATKINSON ELLIS, of 20, High Holborn, both in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING RAILS FOR RAILROADS," to be as follows:-
Our improvement relates to a new or improved mode of constructing
rails for railroads, and consists in forming and fitting a steel cap upon
the central body of an iron rail in place of the present mode of making
the rail wholly of steel or wholly of iron. The cap or rounded portion
which is acted upon by the wheels of wagons and carriages having a
suitable cavity formed to receive the iron part of the rail; the two
are driven together and secured by wedges, screws, pins, or other
means.
Instead of making the aforesaid cap of steel it may be made of
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1871..
I, JULIUS HALL, of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to secure and fasten the sashes of
window frames that it is not possible to open the window from the
outside, even if by accident the usual latch fastener has been left
unclosed.
The mode of construction is as follows:-One end of an ordinary lever
spring is fixed in the usual way to the under side of the lower sash plate,
the other end of said spring bearing against and being actuated by the
bottom of the catch, which latter is on the upper side of the plate pulled
back by hand when it is desired to open the window. When the
window is closed the bolt on coming into contact with the plate on the
upper sash shoots into the latter and closes the window, which cannot

page_text: then be opened without the catch on the inside and the bolt in con-
nection with it being pulled back.
By this means whether the window latch or fastener be closed or not
the window can never by any chance remain insecure after the top and
bottom sashes have come in contact, and it will be as impossible without 5
pulling back the catch to open the window from the inside.