AN IMPROVED FILE-WHEEL FOR GRINDING CUDDS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugénie Dufriche-Miroude, of Boulevard Saint Denis
1, at Paris, for an Invention of AN IMPROVED FILE-WHEEL FOR GRINDING
CUDDS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugénie Dufriche-Miroude at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1883.
EUGENIE DUFRICHE-MIROUDE, of Boulevard Saint Denis 1, at Paris, AN
IMPROVED FILE-WHEEL FOR GRINDING CARDS,
These file-wheels for grinding cards are based upon the system of filing hooks
for card-clothing by means of steel blades prepared for the purpose, and mounted
in different ways upon drums or rollers.
The said file-wheels, by the arrangement of their blades, allow of giving to the
extremity of the hooks, without heating them, three different bevils or chamfers;
the first determining the length of the hooks, and which length is obtained by the
passage of the file-wheel, which cuts them all to the same length, the two others
being likewise obtained by the same file-wheel, at the time when its cutting edges
penetrate between the rows of teeth or pins. (pions)
The principal arrangement of these file-wheels may consist of two modifications:
the first consists of a roller of cast iron or wood, covered with wedge-shaped steel
blades, which are fixed on the roller perpendicularly to its axis, and in such manner
that, all the rows of the hooks of the card clothing pass through the space between
the cutting edges of the blades.
A regular arrangement of alternate blades forming a diagonal, or more correctly
speaking a spiral around the roller, is often used for row of hooks corresponding to
a width of blades.
These independent and alternate blades are constructed in two different ways,
according to the work they have to do. The first, made of steel, are tempered,
ground, cut and magnetized on both sides of the angle forming the cutting edge,
again magnetized before they are mounted, and re-magnetized during the working
by means of an electric battery. The second, also of steel, are tempered, magnetized
and out on one side only of the angle forming the cutting edge, the other side is
covered with emery.

page_text: The second modification consists of an iron roller, forming an axis, on which are
fixed, closely one against the other, disc-shaped blades working in the same way as
the independent and alternate blades.
These disc-shaped blades are of two different kinds: 1st. The blades cut on both
sides of the cutting edge, are tempered, ground and magnetized. 2ndly. The blades
tempered, ground and magnetized, but cut on one side only, the other side being
covered with emery; these blades or discs may, however, be made entirely of
leather covered with emery, or other material having suitable grinding properties.
The magnetization of these disc-shaped blades is effected before they are fixed
upon the roller, and goes on increasing through the working of the file-wheel.
The rollers of the file-wheels, during the grinding of the cards in the direction
of the length of the hooks, receive two movements: the one, a rotary motion around
their axis, and the second, a horizontal rectilinear motion in the direction of the
said axis; this motion is obtained by means of a cam, and a spring produces a
horizontal to and fro movement which causes the cutting parts of the file wheel to
pass upon the ends of the hooks. For the lateral grinding of the hooks which
produces the cutting edges, the horizontal to and fro movement obtained by the
cam is dispensed with, the file-wheel then receives only its rotary motion, and
each series of blades penetrating between the rows of teeth or pins (pions) grinds
the wire, thus giving it a chamfer or bevil on each side of the point. The filed
cards are ground by being placed upon the moveable rollers already in use. .
The plates, caps and all pieces which are to be ground cross wise are fixed upon
drums of a large diameter; they are placed in a direction parallel to the axis of
the drum and are held by means of a screwed plate and a small roller producing
a slight tension. The magnetization of all the blades in these file-wheels results
in the increase of the pressure existing between the cutting edges of the file-wheel
and the wires to be ground.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Eugénie Dufriche-Miroude in the Patent Office on the 28th May.
1884.
EUGÉNIE DUFRICHE-MIROUDE, of Boulevard Saint-Denis, 1, at Paris AN
IMPROVED FILE-WHEEL FOR GRINDING CARDS
t
These file-wheels for grinding cards are based upon the system of filing the
hooks, dents or teeth of card clothing, by means of steel blades prepared for the
purpose, and mounted in different ways upon drums or rollers.
The said file-wheels, by the arrangement of their blades, allow of three different
bevils or chamfers being given to the extremity of the hooks, dents or teeth without
heating them; the first determining the length of the hooks, dents or teeth, and
which length is obtained by the passage of the file-wheel which cuts them all to.
the same length, the two others being likewise obtained by the same file-wheel
at the time when its cutting edges penetrate between the rows of dents or teeth
(pions).
These file-wheels may be constructed in two different ways. One arrangement.
consists of a roller of cast iron or wood, covered with wedge-shaped steel blades.
which are fixed on the roller perpendicularly to its axis; and in such manner that
all the rows of the hooks, dents or teeth in the card-clothing pass through the space
between the cutting edges of the blades.
A regular arrangement of alternate blades forming a diagonal; or more correctly'
speaking, a spiral around the roller, is often used for rows of hooks, dents or teeth;
corresponding to a width of blades.
These independent and alternate blades are constructed in two different ways,
according to the work they have to perform. The first, made of steel, are tempered,
ground, cut or shaped, and magnetised on both sides of the angle forming the
cutting edge, again magnetised before they are mounted, and re-magnetised during.
the working, by means of an electric battery. The second, also of steel; are
tempered, magnetised and cut or shaped on one side only of the angle forming the
cutting edge; the other side is covered with emery.
The other of the two methods of construction consists of an iron roller, forming.
an axis, on which are fixed closely one against the other, disc-shaped blades,
working in the same way as the independent and alternate blades.
These disc-shaped blades are of two different kinds: 1, The blades cut or
shaped on both sides of the cutting edge, are tempered, ground and magnetised:
2ndly. The blades tempered, ground and magnetised, but cut or shaped on one side
only, the other side being covered with emery. These blades or discs may, however,.
be made entirely of leather, covered with emery, or other material having suitable
grinding properties.
The magnetisation of these disc-shaped blades is effected before they are fixed
upon the roller, and goes on increasing through the working of the file-wheel.
The rollers of the file-wheels during the grinding of the cards in the direction of
the length of the hooks, dents or teeth, receive two movements, the one a rotary
motion around their axis, and the second a horizontal rectilinear motion in the
direction of the said axis. This motion is obtained by means of a cam, and a
spring produces a horizontal to and fro movement, which causes the cutting parts
of the file-wheel to pass upon the ends of the hooks, dents or teeth.
For the lateral grinding of the hooks, dents or teeth, which produces the cutting
edges, the horizontal to and fro movement, obtained by the cam, is dispensed with,
the file-wheel then receives only its rotary motion, and each series of blades

page_text: penetrating between the rows of dents or teeth, (pions) grinds the wire, thus giving
it a chamfer or bevil on each side of the point.
The fillet cards to be ground are placed upon the moveable drums already
in use.
The plates, caps, and all pieces, which are to be ground crosswise are fixed upon
drums of a large diameter. They are placed in a direction parallel to the axis of
the drum and are held on one side by means of a screwed plate, and on the other
by a small roller producing a slight tension. The magnetisation of all the blades
in these file-wheels results in the increase of the pressure existing between the
cutting edges of the file-wheel and the wires to be ground.
**Referring to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings:-
Figs, 1, 2 and 3 are respectively a front elevation, a side elevation, and a plan
of an arrangement of file-wheel having alternate blades.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are respectively a front elevation, a side elevation, and a plan of
an arrangement of file-wheel having disc-shaped blades.
Fig. 7, shews sections of blades of file-wheels at present in use.
Fig. 8, shews the form of blade fitted to the alternating blade file-wheel in
accordance with this invention.
Fig. 9, represents one of the disc shaped blades which are shewn mounted in
Figs. 4, 5 and 6.
Fig. 10, is a section of a disc-shaped blade cut or shaped on one of its sides only,
the other side being covered with emery.
In the whole of the figures of the drawing similar letters of reference indicate
like parts.
A, is the shaft carrying the roller B, on which are mounted the blades C; D is
the cam which, upon being rotated, in conjunction with the action of the spring E,
produces a horizontal to and fro movement of the file-wheel, thus causing the
cutting parts of the same to pass upon the ends of the hooks, dents or teeth, which
go to form the cards F. G, are plates screwed down so as to hold the card on to the
drum H.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim :-
1. The improved construction of file-wheels for grinding cards, substantially as
herein described and as shewn in the drawings.
2. The method of and means for operating the file-wheels for grinding cards,
substantially as hereinabove described and illustrated in the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Eugénie Dufriche-Miroude have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Nineteenth day of May in the year 1884.
EUGENIE DUFRICHE-MIROUDE
L.S.
Witness:
ALBERT CAHEN
Civil Engineer
of Boulevard Saint-Denis 1 at Paris
ROODE
('S'T)