in Machinery to be Used in the Manufacture of the same.
Year: 1885

page_text: in Machinery to be Used in the Manufacture of the same.
We GEORGE HOOKIIAM of Nos 7 and 8 New Bartholomew Street Birmingham
in the County of Warwick Manufacturer and WILLIAM HENRY TONKS of the firm
of William Tonks and Sons of Moseley Street Birmingham aforesaid Manufacturers
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LINES
OR CORDS FOR SUSPENDING PICTURES WINDOW-SASHES AND CHANDELIERS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
THE SAME" to be as follows:-
In making according to the said invention a line or cord for suspending pictures
window-sashes and chandeliers and for other purposes we prepare a line of hemp
or cotton or other strong vegetable fibre either by twisting or plaiting. We make
the said hemp or fibrous line waterproof or nearly waterproof by impregnating it
with wax or paraflin or other waterproof material or composition. We cover the
said water proofed line (which we will hereinafter call the solid core) with a helical
coil of annealed or soft wire preferably of copper or brass. Where great strength
with small diameter is required the solid core may have twisted.fino wire in its
axis or be made wholly of wire. The covering of the said solid core with wire is
effected by the machinery hereinafter described. Where it is wished to lacquer
the covering wire we prefer to cover the solid core with a tape or strip of woven
fabric saturated with india rubber or other like waterproofing material prior to
coating the said core with wire. The said covering of tape prevents the wax or
paraffin being forced from the solid core and coating the wire more or less and also
forins an additional protection to the solid core against moisture.
Where it is desirable to form a screw attachment at the end of the line we
employ a hollow or tubular core formed of a compact helix or coil of steel or other
strong wire and around this hollow or tubular core we plait or braid as tightly as
is practicable strands of hemp or cotton or other strong vegetable fibre which we
water proof as herein before described and then cover with a coil or compact helix
of (preferably) brass wire. The cord or line thus made is hollow and consists
of two concentric helices of wire with a braided or plaited waterproof fibrous tube
between them.

page_text: The line or cord made as first described can be conveniently tied in a knot for
the purpose of suspending pictures and for various other purposes by stripping off
the wire for a short distance and tying a knot in the fibrous or solid core and the
cord made in the modified manner last described affords by virtue of its hollow
metallic core a convenient means of effecting the suspension of chandeliers and
other articles where a screw attachment is necessary or desirable.
The machine we employ for effecting the coiling of the wire consists of the
machine described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to one of us
namely George Hookham dated 24th March 1876 N° 1271 with the following
modification.
The core passes through an axial hole in a tapering or conical nozzle and the
wire to be coiled on the core is not bent solely by pressure on the core but is bent
nearly to the required degree on the extremity of the said nozzle and passing from
thence to the core receives its final bending by pressure on the core... By the action
of the machine described the coiling of the wire is effected with greater regularity
than when the bending of the wire is wholly effected on the core.

page_text: in Machinery to be Used in the Manufacture of the same.
We GEORGE HOOкнAм of N° 7 and 8 New Bartholomew Street Birmingham
in the County of Warwick Manufacturer and WILLIAM HENRY TONKS of the firm
of William Tonks and Sons of Moseley Street Birmingham aforesaid Manufacturers
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LINES
OR CORDS FOR SUSPENDING PICTURES WINDOW SASHES AND CHANDELIERS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
THE SAME" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In making according to the said invention a line or cord for suspending pictures
window sashes and chandeliers and for other purposes, we prepare a line of hemp
or cotton or other strong vegetable fibre either by twisting or plaiting. We make
the said hemp or fibrous line waterproof or nearly waterproof by impregnating it
with wax or paraffin or other waterproof material or composition. We cover the
said waterproofed line (which we will hereinafter call the solid core) with a helical
coil of annealed or soft wire preferably of copper or brass. Where great strength
with small diameter is required the solid core may have twisted fine wire in its
axis or be made wholly of twisted wire.
The covering of the said solid core with wire is effected by the machinery
hereinafter described.
Where it is wished to lacquer the covering wire we prefer to cover the solid core
with a tape or strip of woven fabric saturated with india rubber or other like
waterproofing material prior to ccating the said core with wire. The said covering
of tape prevents the wax or paraffin being forced from the solid core and coating
the wire more or less and also forms an additional protection to the solid core
against moisture.
Where it is desirable to form a screw attachment at the end of the line we
employ a hollow or tubular core formed of a compact helix or coil of steel or other
strong wire and around this hollow or tubular core we plait or braid as tightly as
is practicable strands of hemp or cotton or other strong vegetable fibre which we
waterproof as herein before described and then cover with a coil or compact helix
of (preferably) brass wire. The cord or line thus made is hollow and consists of
two concentric helices of wire with a braided or plaited or twisted waterproof
fibrous tube between them.
The line or cord made as first described can be conveniently tied in a knot for
the purpose of suspending pictures and for various other purposes by stripping off
the wire for a short distance and tying a knot in the fibrous or solid core; and the
core made in the modified manner last described affords by virtue of its hollow
metallic core a convenient means of effecting the suspension of chandeliers and
other articles where a screw attachment is necessary or desirable.
The machine we employ for effecting the coiling of the wire consists of
the machine described in the specification of Letters Patent granted to one of us

page_text: namely George Hookham dated 24th March 1876 N° 1271 with the following
modification.
The core passes through an axial hole in a tapering or conical nozzle and the
wire to be coiled on the core is not bent solely by pressure on the core but is bent
nearly to the required degree on the extremity of the said nozzle and passing from
thence to the core receives its final bending by pressure on the core. By the action
of the machine described the coiling of the wire is effected with greater regularity
than when the bending of the wire is wholly effected on the core.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents in clevation a line or cord
for suspending pictures window sashes and for other purposes constructed according
to one part of this invention. The said cord or line consists of a solid core of
hemp or cotton or other strong vegetable fibre marked a the said core being made
either by twisting as represented in the Drawing or by plaiting. The said core a
is made waterproof or nearly waterproof by impregnating it with wax or paraffin
or other waterproof material or composition. The waterproofed core a is covered
with a helical coil of annealed or soft wire marked b the said helical metallic
covering b being made by preference of copper or brass wire. By the combination
of the solid waterproofed core a with the helical wire covering b a cord or line is
produced which can be conveniently tied in a knot for suspending pictures and
for various purposes by stripping off the wire covering b for a short distance and
tying a knot in the fibrous or solid core a. By the waterproofing of the core a
and covering it with a helical wire covering the said core is preserved from the
action of atmospheric air and moisture and consequently from decay.
Instead of using a solid core a of fibrous material as represented strands of wire
similar to those of which a wire rope is made may be used for making the solid
core, or the fibrous core a may have twisted fine wire in its axis.
By making the solid core solely of metallic strands instead of fibrous strands or
of fibrous strands combined with metallic axial strands as described increased
strength is imparted to the line or cord. Figure 2 represents a line or cord made
as herein before described with respect to Figure 1 excepting that the solid fibrous
core a is covered with a tape or strip of woven fabric c saturated with india rubber
or other like waterproofing material before the said core is covered with the helical
wire b. This construction of line or cord permits the covering wire b to be lacqured
without injury to the line or cord as the covering of the tape c prevents the wax
or paraffin or other waterproofing material being forced from the solid core a and
coating more or less the covering wire b with the said wax or paraffin. The
said covering of tape c also forms an additional protection to the solid core a
against moisture.
The covering of tape c may be used either with a solid fibrous core or with a
core formed solely of wire or partly of fibre and partly of fine wire.
Figure 3 represents a line or cord constructed according to this invention having
a hollow or tubular core the said line or cord being suitable for forming a screw
attachment for the suspension of the balance weights of chandeliers and for the
suspension of other bodies; & is the hollow or tubular core made of a compact
helix or coil of steel or other strong wire; e is the tube of hemp or cotton or other
fibrous material around the tubular core d the said tube e being made by plaiting
or braiding or twisting and afterwards waterproofed as herein before described with
respect to the fibrous core a; b is the helical wire covering of the plaited or braided
or twisted fibrous tube e. It will thus be seen that the line or cord Figure 3
consists of two concentric helices of wire d, b with a braided or plaited or twisted
waterproofed fibrous tube e between them.
In effecting the attachment of this line or cord to the chandelier or other
article a screw hook or a screw pin on the chandelier may be screwed into the
hollow core d.
Figure 4 represents the tapering or conical nozzle which we apply to the wire
coiling machine herein before referred to the said tapering or conical nozzle being
made according to this invention.

page_text: g is the hollow tapering or conical nozzle of the machine through the axial hole
in which nozzle the core a on which the wire b is to be coiled passes; h is the
tapering or conical end of the nozzle. The wire b is first.bent nearly to the
required degree on the conical extremity h of the nozzle g as represented and
passing from thence to the core a receives its final bending by pressure on the
core a. The coiling of the wire b is by the use of the conical nozzle g, h effected
with greater regularity than when the bending of the wire is wholly effected on
the core a.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as the said invention of "Improvements in lines or cords for suspending pictures
window sashes and chandeliers and for other purposes and in machinery to be used
in the manufacture" of the same
First Making the said lines or cords of a solid core of hemp cotton or other
strong vegetable fibre either twisted braided or plaited, waterproofing the said core
and covering it with a helical coil of wire or making the solid core wholly of
twisted wire or partly of twisted wire and partly of fibrous material, the said
core in the latter case being waterproofed and in both cases covered with a helical
coil of wire as herein before described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawing.
Secondly-Covering the solid core with a waterproofed tape or strip of woven
fabric before covering it with the helical coil of wire for the purpose and sub-
stantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying
Drawing.
Thirdly Making cords or linos suitable for the suspension of articles such for
example as chandeliers of two concentric wire helices baving a braided or plaited
or twisted waterproofed fibrous tube between them substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawing.
Lastly-The improved nozzle herein before described and illustrated in Figure 4
of the accompanying Drawing to be used in machinery for coiling helical coils of
wire upon cores of fibrous material or other cores for the production of lines or
cords.
D