CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURED PATTERNS OR DESIGNS ON WARPS OF CARPETS, VELVETS, OR OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ABE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURED PATTERNS OR DESIGNS ON WOVEN FABRICS OR OTHER PLANE SURFACES
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MATHEW
COCHBAN, of 60, High Street, in the Town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, North
Britain, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twentieth day of April, in the
eleventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her Heirs & successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Mathew Cochran, Her especial license,
sole privilege & authority, that 'I, the said Mathew Cochran, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Mathew Cochran, my
exors, admors, & assigns, should at any time agree with, & no others, from
time to time & at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURED PATTERNS OR DESIGNS ON WARPS OF
CARPETS, VELVETS, OR OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ABE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTION OF COLOURED PATTERNS OR DESIGNS
ON WOVEN FABRICS OR OTHER PLANE SURFACES;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Mathew Cochran, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe &
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited. Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being had thereto, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Mathew Cochran, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are described and
ascertained by the Drawings hereunto annexed and forming part hereof, &
the words following, that is to say:
My Invention relates to certain arrangements of machinery or apparatus in
connection with a Jacquard machine as applied for the purposes of weaving,
or a modification thereof, or with a simple and lashes, as employed in harness
weaving, or other apparatus capable of working or producing patterns, whereby
I am enabled of impress or otherwise produce coloured patterns on yarns
made up into warps or webs for the manufacture of carpeting, tapestry,
figured velvets, and other like fabrics, having the warp raised into loops or
pile, or into figures of any other form, with greater facility & economy than by
the ordinary processes hitherto in use for the purpose. Parts of the said appa-
ratus, or a modification thereof, are also applicable to the printing or producing
of coloured patterns on woven fabrics & other plane surfaces. The chief
points or heads of my Invention are as follows:-
First, the colour apparatus for containing the different colours to be applied
to the material to be printed or coloured..
-
2nd, the machinery or apparatus for immersing the yarn of warps or webs
in the different colours, and also for imprinting the colours upon cloth or
other close textured materials.
3rd, the arrangement and "reading in" of the pattern on the Jacquard
machine, or in the simple and lashes, or other apparatus which may be used
for working or producing the pattern.
4th, the arrangement or arrangements of parts connecting the immersing
or imprinting apparatus of the machinery employed to work the pattern...
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures and
Drawings hereunto annexed.
:
In the sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed Figure 1 represents a front
elevation of my machinery or apparatus as fitted with a Jacquard machine for
the imprinting or colouring of yarns formed into warps or webs. Fig. 2 is a
side or longitudinal elevation of the same. The main framing of the machine
consists of two cast-iron or other side frames A, A, connected by suitable end
frames & cross bars, so as to form a long rectangular erection for the support

page_text: The
of the Jacquard machine, the imprinting apparatus, &, the yarn beams. The
cross beam B, B, working the.impressers, pistons, or plungers (see Fig. 3) is
fitted with grooves on its ends to slide vertically upon feathers cast on the
iuner sides of the four pillars C, C, C,.C, forming, the front ends of the main
frame of the: machine, & is suspended by the three chains or cords D, D, D,
passing over, and attached to suitable pulleys, carried by the upper horizontal
shaft. E, E, which. works in pedestals set on the top of the two side frames.
The elevation & depression of the cross beam B, B, is accomplished by means
of the small chain pulley F fast on a short stud shaft carried by the side frame,
& fitted with a hand lever G. The chain H of this pulley passes upwards
to the pulley I on the extremity of the, shaft E, E, to the periphery of which
pulley it is attached. The connection of the cross beam B, B,. with the
three chains. or cords D, D, D,, is obtained by the heavy cast-iron cross
beam K, K, suspended a few inches above the lower impressing beam, the two
beams being connected by four bolts L, L, L, L, which are screwed into the
lower beam, their upper ends passing through the upper one, & having nuts.
on their extremities, by which the upper beam is suspended. The machine is
represented in the two views Figs. 1 & 2, as arranged to print one or a series.
of warps from one yarn beam M, the shaft of which is carried in pedestals
bolted to the top of the projecting brackets of the two side frames.
colour apparatus consists of, a series of deep and narrow boxes corresponding.
to the number of colours intended to be used at once in the production of the
required pattern. In the front elevation Fig. 1, N, N, are the colour boxes,
set in five divisions. across the machine, eight in each division. They are
supported upon a flat plate, carried. by cross beams O, O, bolted at their ends.
to the two side frames, & further supported by diagonal bars P, P, from the
base. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of one colour box.. Fig. 6, is a plan of
one division of eight, & Fig. 7 is a transverse section of a single box.
colour box is completely isolated from its neighbour at the top by their division,
pieces of metal or other substance standing up a little above the level of each
box. A small guide pulley Q, Q, is fitted to revolve upon a stand. at each
end of the box near the bottom, & beneath these pulleys is passed a narrow
elastic band attached at R to the under side of the printing table S of the box.
A third pulley T is fitted near one end of the box at the surface, & over this
pulley the band is continued, & finally attached to the side rods. U, U, set to slide
on each side of the printing table S.; or it may be fastened to the straight-
edges on each side of the box. At the point V in this band is attached a short.
colour band of soft absorbent material, which receives a supply of colour from
the bottom of the colour box by passing round one of the pulleys Q, which is
Each

page_text: also covered on its periphery with a band of soft material. The same fittings
& connections are attached to the whole of the colour boxes, & the supply
of colour necessary for printing the yarn is obtained as follows:--Each of the
side rods U, U, or the sliding straight-edges of the colour troughs, is attached
to a short roller fitted to revolve loosely in barings carried by the back side
frame of the machine, immediately opposite the end of the range of colour
boxes. Motion is given to this rod from any convenient part of the machine,
so as to cause it partially to revolve, drawing forward the feeding bands charged
with colour, which are thus made to deposit a supply of colour upon the
printing tables S, whose surface is made absorbent to receive it; or, instead of
this self-acting arrangement, the feeding bands may be moved by hand when
necessary. The separate division of the colour boxes admits of a great variety
of arrangements of the colours, as any single one may be removed or shifted
to another position. The yarn on the beam M to be printed passes in the
direction indicated by the arrows beween two tension rollers carried in bearings,
sliding in the curved grooves of the front ends of the side frames; it then
passes in divisions beneath a grooved roller X, revolving loosely in barings
immediately in front of the printing apparatus, and thence beneath the faces
of the rows of impressers Y, and immediately over the surface of the ranges
of the colour boxes. The impressers, of which a front & side elevation is
given in Fig. 8, are arranged in rows corresponding to the colour boxes, each
row containing a number corresponding to the extent of the pattern, or what,
in harness weaving, is termed the number of cords in a tye. A series of
slotted supporting brackets Z, Z, are cast on or attached to the under surface
of the cross beam B, B, the distance between each bracket being equal to the
width of each transverse division of the colour. These brackets are each
slotted through at equal distances, corresponding to the rows of impressers,
and through these slots are passed a series of thin metal bars a, a, each bar
being in one piece across the whole breadth of the machine. Another cross
bar b, b, is bolted by its ends to the single frames immediately below the
impressing cross beam B, B, and has bolted upon its upper surface a set of
notched bars c, c, placed in rows to correspond with the rows of impressers Y,
one of which fits into each notch of the bars, & is supported therein by the
angular position clearly represented in Fig. 3. The impressers Y, of which
there are here represented twenty-six in length between cach transverse
division of the colour boxes, are each composed of a thin strip of metal, to the
lower end of which a broad knob or face of metal, or other material employed
for giving the impression, is attached. The lower ends of the stems of the
impressers fit in between a set of light cylindrical bars d, d, passing entirely.

page_text: across the machine, & having their extremities fixed in end pieces cast on a
fixed cross beam e, e. The bars d, d, serve as guides for the impressers in a
longitudinal direction; and a series of flat bars placed longitudinally a little
above them act for the same purpose transversely. The connection between
the impressers and the pattern apparatus of the Jacquard machine consists of a
series of cords or wires f, connected by loops at 9 with the cords of the
Jacquard; ono being attached to each impresser. The Jacquard apparatus is
worked by a lever handle place in any convenient position upon the framing,
and attached to the actuating levers h, h, working the card apparatus k, as is
well understood. The machine, constructed as herein described, then operates
in the following manner :-The colour boxes being placed upon their supporting
table or plate on the projecting portion of the front ends of the frame 1, are
slided into their places beneath the impressers by the hand wheel m, the spindle
of. which passes beneath the sliding table of the boxes, and carries a pinion
gearing with a toothed rack formed on or attached to the bottom surface of
the table. The Jacquard apparatus is then brought into action in the ordinary
manner by the lever handle before referred to herein, by the motion of the
holy-board and the barrel n of the machine. The card which is in action at
the time upon the barrel n then acts (according to the colours for which it is
cut) upon such of the impressers as corresponds to the colour indicated upon
the card. The action of the Jacquard holy-board upon the connections of the
impressers now draws forward in the direction of the arrows such of the
impressers as are required, according to the colours of the pattern. In this
way the stems of the impressers are removed from their containing notches in
the fixed bars c, c, so as to hang by their curved upper ends of the stems upon
the bars a,. a. The impressing action is now commenced by turning the winch
handle G a short distance in the direction of the arrow, thus allowing the
supporting chains or cords D, D, D, to unwind themselves from the pulleys,
& permit of the descent of the cross beam B, B, carrying with it the
impressing bars a, a, which act upon the angular shoulders p, p, of such of the
impressers as have been withdrawn from their notches, & press them down
upon the threads of yarn beneath their faces, after which the heavy upper
beam K, K, is permitted to slide smartly down its suspending bolts L, L, L, L,
upon the impressing beam to add its weight to the impression. In this way
the yarn is pressed upon the printing tables S, and receives a mark of the
colours. upon such table, the size of impression being regulated by the width
of the table.. After the impression a reverse motion of the winch handle o
raises the impressing beams; and such of the. impressers as have been in
action are raised from the printing tables by the upward & side pressure of.

page_text: the bars a, a, upon the under side of the curved tops of the stems, which are
thus forced back into their original notches in the'fixed bars c, 'c, ready for the
action of the succeeding card of the pattern. After each of the cards of the
series of colours has passed, an impression being given to each set of impressers,
a new portion of yarn is now submitted to the action of the impressers, the
lower of the two tension rollers between which the yarn passes from its beam
M being moved round a little by the action of the connecting rod g,
jointed to the end pulley of the shaft E, E, upon the ratchet whcel on
the extremity of the roller. According to the process herein-before
described, it will be seen that the yarn will be marked with touches of
different colours not in immediate contact or in close succession, but in
rows corresponding to the arrangement of the colour troughs & impressers,
that is, in the 'present instant, in rows half an inch' 'apart, and red,
green, or blue, according to the particular trough into" which 'it has been
immersed. This arrangement' would produce no regular design "if" the
pattern was put on the Jacquard machine in the usual manner, but by the
plan I have adopted the various parts of the pattern are produced in perfectly
regular order, and the uncoloured spaces which appear at first are exactly'filled
up as the action of the machine proceeds. "In order to do this the pattern
cards or the lashes, as the case may be, are not arranged in simple succession,
as is uniformly done in weaving patterns, but are disposed in the order in
which the colour troughs are placed. For example, the ordinary system 'of
arrangement is to place the cards for the various colours of the first line of 'the
pattern (as painted upon design paper) immediately following each other;
those of the second line next, and so on; but in my arrangement, supposing
seven colours to be used;"& the order 'of the colours to be red, green, blue,
yellow, brown, purple & pink, & that each line upon which the apparatus
operates at once is separated from its neighbour by a vacant space of equal
size, then the red card or lash of the first line of the pattern will be followed
by the green card or lash of the third line." Next in order comes the blue card
of the fifth line, then the yellow card of the seventh line, then the brown
card of the 'ninth line, then the purple card of the eleventh line, & lastly
the pink card of the thirteenth line. Thus all the colours, which may be at
work at once, take effect' on different lines of the pattern separated' by alternate
lines, in which there is for the time no action; but after each stroke' of
the impressing apparatus the yarn is moved forward half an inch, or just
so much as will suffice to bring the omitted lines directly over the colour
troughs, and 'under the corresponding row of the impressers, which in this
manner fill up at the next stroke all the vacant spaces, & advance a row of
.

page_text: colour marks (the pink ones) in a new line of the pattern. The second
impression then forms the red of the second line of the pattern, the green-of
the fourth line, the blue of the sixth line," the yellow of the eighth line;' the
brown of the tenth line; the purple of 'the twelveth 'line; '& the pink of the
fourteenth line. In this way the process is carried-on-until the whole-pattern
is completed, & by successive movements 'the same figures are repeated. as
required: Thus the principle of my 'system is, that the spaces left between
the lines on which the impressers operate at each stroke shall be equal to
these lines either singly or multiplied any given number of times, & that the
cards of the Jacquard' machine, or the lashes of' a"drawing simple; should be
arranged to correspond" with the size of the intervals. Thus if the colour
troughs and immersing apparatus bé so constructed as to make marks"half an
inch long, with spaces of one inch 'between; then the arrangement of the
cards or lashes' would be the red card of the first line followed by the green
card of the fourth line, and so on. Each colour in this case would be working
on the third line of the "pattern in advance of the next colour on the one
side, & on the third line behind the next colour on the other side, leaving' &
space of two lines between, but all in succession working on every line of the
pattern until the whole is filled up. The same principle may be carried
out to any extend, so as to make the intervals between the working lines
twice, thrice, or any number "of times broader than the spaces coloured at
each stroke' of the machine; & this expansive 'power' is of great consequence
in rendering my Invention applicable to various manufactures; for carpet
patterns or other large figures, the first arrangement is, perhaps, most suitable,
is in such cases the lines being broad; the immersing apparatus is large in' its
details '& easily workable. In the printing for fine fabrics; as figured velvets
for fancy vestings; in which the marks must be small, the latter-mentioned
plan will be more convenient, if not absolutely necessary, to allow the whole
machinery to combine the requisite accuracy of effect with freedom of action.
Although I have herein-before explained that the different colours of the
pattern are each worked by a separate card cut" for one colour only, it is
evident that one card may be made to act upon the whole of the colours
employed by cutting a series of rows" of holes in it to correspond to the
whole of the colours, the principal of the "reading in" being identical with
that of the former arrangement of separate cards.
wan
In order to produce coloured patterns on woven fabrics or other close textures,
or plane surfaces; parts of the machinery.herein-before described require some.
modification. The faces of the impressers must be formed of some absorbent
material capable of taking up the colouring matter and applying it by a second

page_text: movement to the surface to be printed, and the shape of the faces must be
modified according to the impressions they are intended to make. Thus they
may be made round, square, or diamond-shaped, or in the form of an asterisk
or star, or any other suitable form. The colour cases are to be placed above
and clear of the surface to be printed, provision being made for sliding them
under the impresser faces in order that the latter may receive the colour;
and also for sliding them back to permit of the impression of the colour upon
the material to be printed. In such an arrangement the cross pressing beam
first brings down the impressers according to the pattern into the. colour
troughs; an upward movement of the beam then raises the impressers just so
far as to allow of the retrograde motion of the colour cases, after which the
beam again descends upon the surface to be printed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same may be performed or carried into effect, I do hereby
declare that I do not confine myself to the details thereof so long as the
peculiar character of my Invention be retained. But what I do claim as my
Invention is,-
1st, the arrangement of a colour apparatus for printing various materials, as
herein-before described..
2nd, the production of coloured patterns or designs on yarn or threads by
immersion into colour in place of impressing colour on the surface of yarn;.
as is now performed with blocks and rollers, & by other modes hitherto
in use.
3rd, the arrangement & construction of the immersing apparatus by
which the said apparatus is made workable in connection with a Jacquard
machine, or the ordinary drawing simple employed in harness weaving,.or
any other apparatus capable of working or producing patterns, as herein-before
described.
4th, the system or arrangement of operating of each row of the impressors.
by means of a separate card, as herein-before mentioned.
5th, the method or arrangement of printing different colours at once of
different lines of the pattern by the use of cards perforated with several rows.
of holes, each row for a separate colour or colours of the design, together with
a modification of the pattern cards or lashes employed for such purpose, as
herein-before described.
6th, the method of printing cloth or other close-textured materials or plane
surfaces with various colours at once of separate lines of the pattern, as herein-
before mentioned.
7th, the printing of cloth or other close-textured materials with types or

page_text: impressers of any desired figure, and according to any pattern by means of
the machinery or apparatus herein-before described as the immersing apparatus,
as well as the attachments connecting the said immersing apparatus with a
Jacquard machine or a simple & lashes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mathew Cochran, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
MATHEW COCHRAN. (L.s.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid Mathew Cochran came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.