IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, EARTHENWARE ARTICLES AND CEMENT
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Starling Chemist of Erith and Edwin
Albert May Gentleman of Belvedere both in the County of Kent for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES,
PIPES, EARTHENWARE ARTICLES AND CEMENT"
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Henry Starling &
Edwin Albert May at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
17th January 1883.
JOHN HENRY STARLING; Chemist of Erith and EDWIN ALBERT MAY, Gentleman,
of Belvedere both in the County of Kent "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, EARTHENWARE-ARTICLES AND CEMENT,"
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of bricks,
tiles, pipes, earthenware articles and cement the object being to employ the
dredgings of rivers, docks, harbours and wharves and such like alluvial deposit and
to obtain a mixed material which may for the production of bricks tiles, pipes and
earthenware articles be moulded dried and fired yielding an earthenware material
of fine texture, strength and color and in the case of the cement with quick drying
and hardening qualities.
The dredgings or alluvial deposits are taken out, and if there be much silt or
sand the same is to be washed out and then to the dredgings is to be added about
ten per cent of chalk. This mixed dredgings will be placed in a pugging
and be pugged and then be removed for moulding and chalk. The moulding
operation will carried out in ordinary or well known manner according to the
articles bricks, pipes, tiles, terra cottas, ornaments and so forth which are to be
produced.
For terra-cotta materials and earthenware articles the percentage admixture
of chalk will be reduced and range according to required color and texture
between five and ten per cent the lower percentages of mixture giving material of
greater density and less friability For bricks and articles of higher porosity the
[Prine 1

page_text: higher percentage of chalk admixture will be employed and in some cases there
will be a further admixture of sand of from two or four percent The firing of the
moulded articles will effected at a bright red hent to a white heat.
In producing the cement the admixture of chalk will range from fifty to seventy
five per cent and the pugging will be carried out until the material has the con-
sistency of dough, it will then be balled and dried and burnt in any ordinary
cement furnace.
The higher percentages of admixture of chalk will give a cement of greater
hardness and quicker drying quality.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Starling & Edwin Albert May in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th July 1883.
JOHN HENRY STARLING of the Avenue Erith Chemist and EDWIN ALBERT MAY
of Belvedere Gentleman both in the county of Kent IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS TILES PIPES EARTHENWARE ARTICLES AND CEMENT
This invention relates to certain improvements in the manufacture of bricks
tiles pipes earthenware articles and cement the object being to employ the
dredgings of rivers docks harbours and such like alluvial deposit and to obtain a
mixed material which may for the production of bricks tiles pipes and earthenware
articles be moulded dried and fired yielding an earthenware material of fine texture
strength and colour and in the case of the cement with quick drying and hardening
qualities
The dredgings or alluvial deposits are taken out and if there be much silt or
sand more than required the same is washed out and then to the dredgings is
added about ten per cent of chalk. These mixed dredgings and chalk aro placed
in a washing mill then thoroughly washed together and allowed to subside the
water is drained off thereby removing the salt if there be any and then the residue
is placed in a pugging mill and pugged and then removed for moulding. The
moulding operation will be carried out in any ordinary or well known manner
according to the articles bricks pipes tiles terra cottas ornaments and so forth which
are to be produced.
For terra cotta materials and earthenware articles the percentage admixture of
chalk will be reduced or augmented and range according to required colour and
texture between five and twenty per cent (the lower percentages of mixture giving
material of greater density and less friability).
For bricks and articles of higher porosity the higher percentages of chalk admixture
will be employed and in some cases there will be a further admixture of sand of
from two to eight per cent.
The firing of the moulded articles will be effected at from a bright red heat to
a white heat either with firing in the composition or plain according to requirements

page_text: that is with breese or other carbonaceous matter intermixed with the clay or burnt
without such further mixture.
In producing the cement the admixture of chalk will range from fifty to seventy
five per cent and the pugging will be carried out until the material has the
consistancy of dough it will then be balled and dried and burnt in any ordinary
cement furnace.
The higher percentages of admixture of chalk will give a cement of greater
hardness and quicker drying qualities.
The removal of salt from the substance when obtained from a saline source may
be well and advantageously removed by well washing with a large amount of
water allowing the mixture to settle and tapping off the water this process is
repeated if the removal of salt is not effected by the first operation.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention we
claim :-
The improvements in manufacture of bricks tiles pipes and earthenware articles
and cement from dredgings of rivers docks harbours wharves and such like alluvial
deposits either alone or in admixture with chalk and silicious material according
to requirements as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof we the said John Henry Starling and Albert Edwin [sic] May
have hereunto set our hands and seals this seventeenth day of July in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-three.