IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND TEMPERING BAYONET BLADES, FILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughborough Park,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND TEMPERING BAYONET BLADES, FILES, AND
OTHER ARTICLES."-A communication from abroad by Hervey Waters,
Sealed the 14th June 1864, and dated the 23rd December- 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd December 1863.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND TEMPERING BAYONET BLADES, FILES,
AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
For drawing the blades from the bar or blank I use a pair of chilled cast-iron
rolls having each a concentric surface for about half of their circumference
and the other half falling below, so as to admit between them tongs or some
other suitable instrument for holding, carrying, and presenting the work so as
to be properly seized by the rolls as their full surfaces approach each other in
revolution. In these concentric surfaces are modelled or turned to match each
other a suit of grooves proper for forming from the bar or blank by successive
passes the shape of the blade desired. And one feature of the Invention
consists in combining with these rolls an automatic machine for handling the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: blank and presenting it successively to the several grooves. This is accom-
plished by using tongs, towards which the working surfaces of the rolls
revolve, and which are furnished with a lock so as to hold the blank by such
part as is not to be worked in the rolls. These tongs work in a light carrying
frame, which slides with the tongs forward and back on a way, and the way is
on a carriage, which traverses in a cross direction so as to bring the way with
the tongs and its frame to the line of the several grooves in the suite, the
carriage being furnished with a suitable rack or index worked and held by
pawls so as to determine its position. Upon the bottom roll is a cam working
a lever, to which lever is attached a frame having in it a long groove at a
right angle to the line of movement of the frame and parallel to the axis of
the rolls, and upon the carriage is hung a horizontal lever, which lever has a
pivot working in the groove above described. This horizontal lever being
jointed by a connecting rod to the tongs frame will thus work the tongs to
and from any one of the suite of grooves by the controlling action of the
cam when not otherwise controlled by the action of the rolls, the tongs being
worked forward by a spring or weight, but negatively controlled by the cam,
and worked backward positively by the cam (when moved without a blank),
the cam and levers being so proportioned as to have the tongs in their back-
ward movement correspond, as nearly as may be, with the rate of movement
of the periphery of the rolls. But the connections between the levers are
such as to allow of some rendering of the parts, so as to avoid violence between
the positive action of the cam and the positive action of the rolls on the work,
it being quite impractical to make the two motions to correspond exactly or
very nearly. Moreover, the tongs and tongs frame are so constructed and
arranged with the tongs way and a supplemental sliding rod that the tongs are
turned one way during their forward motion to the rolls, and the other way
during the next forward movement alternately, which turning is accomplished
by a system of levers, the impelling one of which works in a serpentine groove
during the lateral movement of the carriage from groove to groove, the lateral
movement of the carriage being imparted and determined by a system of
pawls, as before stated, and the motive ones of the system being worked
forward by a crank or eccentric on the end of the bottom roll through a
compound bent lever so constructed as to render, in case of an accident or
obstruction, and worked backward by the grooved frame before mentioned as
it brings back the tongs. This effect, however, is by the construction and
mode of operation made conditional upon the position arrived at by the tongs
in their forward movement, so that if there be any failure of the tongs to
carry the piece forward to the gauge, now about to be described, the machine

page_text: will not carry forward the carriage, but will return the tongs and piece to the
same groove until the desired position is reached. This gauge is a long rule
reaching from end to end of the rolls supported at its ends, and held slightly
below the line of contact of the two rolls, so as to maintain its parallelism
with the rolls, and yet be capable of being worked backward and forward. It
is carried forward between the blank part of the rolls by a weight or spring
and is brought back by the bottom roll, which strikes by shoulders near its
surface, and nearly in line with that part of the rolls which first seizes the
work. Moreover, there is upon the longs a collar or stop, which comes against
this gauge when the tongs are quite forward, by means whereof the roll is
made to carry back the tongs and blank a short distance before the rolls bite
upon the blank, thus insuring the proper relation of action of the several
grooves in the suite to one another, and to that part of the blank not covered
by the rolling and held by the tongs. This automaton of course must pause
when the work is finished, so as to allow the piece to be taken from the tongs
and the carriage to be returned to its normal position, which are done by the
hand of the operator, and for this purpose the cam lever is caught by a hook,
so as to prevent the forward movement of the tongs, which would otherwise
take place by reason of the spring or weight, as before described. This hook
is arranged so that at every extreme backward movement of the tongs it may
catch up the impelling lever. but upon the cam working and controlling that
lever there is a secondary cam properly placed, and upon the hook a sliding
bolt so arranged that if the bolt be moved forward from its normal position it.
will be impinged upon by the secondary cam. and the hook cast off while
allowing the lever to follow forward past the hook on the first cam mentioned.
This bolt is at the convenient control of the operator, and when he desires the
machine to work it is kept forward from its normal position, otherwise not.
That the carriage may be returned to its place the pawls are lifted from the
rack and the turning lever from the serpentine groove. The grooves of the
suite used in the rolls for bayonets, and which it is contemplated to use in
rolling files and other articles, have a concentric termination towards the small
end, which is found to be much more simple and practical than when the taper
holds throughout the length of the working grooves. Of course the finishing
passes will always have eccentric grooves throughout if the work calls for it,
but for the purposes of the most rapid drawing the concentric terminations are
preferable.
For modelling the grooves for bayonets in a chilled roll a lathe is used
having the roll to turn on its own journals regularly as for round rolls, and
the concentric parts are turned in the same way except that for economy of

page_text: time the roll is moved rapidly past the tool when not in action, that is,
over those parts of the roll where there is not any cutting done by the tool.
On one of the necks of the roll is a gear for driving it, and the lathe is also
furnished with a strong rest on which the tool is made fast in the usual way,
forming the grooves by the form of the tool. In rolling bayonets it is usual
to use a blank of such size as will make the largest part of the blade, and
for the small parts it is drawn down. To model the grooves with the
concentric terminations as above named it is found best to turn first the suit
of grooves for drawing down concentric throughout the same, as if intended to
draw down the whole piece, and then proceed to form the shapes desired for
the blade at the ends of the grooves which first take hold of the blade in
rolling, and as the first groove will be but one reduction from the original size
only a short part of the ultimate form will be approximated, the second groove
being still smaller will take more approximate form, and so on, obtaining
more and more of the desired form and allowing less and less of concentric
drawing, so that by the time the necessary size is obtained for the small end
there will remain to be done by the finishing passes the shaping of the small
end and the correction of the main part of the blade only. After the
concentric grooves are turned in order to model the forms desired in them
there is used on the gear which drives the roll suites of cams, one suit being
for the purpose of working wedges behind the rest to give the desired move-
ment to the rest for turning the eccentric forms, another suite is used for
working the tool laterally, the rest and back wedge being so arranged as that
the rest may work laterally without in any way changing the relation of the
tool to the axis of the roll, using with these several movements such formed
tools as will with the motions give the desired forms. In addition to these
motions it is sometimes necessary to use a tool stock supplementary to the
rest, so as to turn the tool at the same time that it cuts its own form in a curved
line upon the surface and eccentrically to the axis of the roll. Moreover, it is
sometimes found convenient to turn the tool upon an axis in a supplementary
tool stock, so as to form concentric grooves in the mere act of turning, the
taper and form being conditioned upon the relation of the figure of the tool
to the axis upon which it turns.
In the continuation of the forging and for the purposes of swaging off in
forging bayonets and other similar work it is contemplated to use a common
cccentric hammer with some novel appurtenances instead of a drop hammer
as is frequently practised, and for this purpose the construction is as follows.
videlicit, the connecting rod instead of being jointed to the die should be
detached in so far as to allow the connecting rod to work forward without

page_text: carrying forward the die, but so as always to bring back the die after it is
thrown forward, (or the die may be brought back by a string,) the die being
provided with a suitable shoulder to receive the end of the connecting rod
upon it, and the end of the connecting rod being jointed to a lever. The
connection is by the lever made or broken at pleasure as far as throwing
forward the die is concerned, but the die always returns with the connecting
rod. If the eccentric runs slowly the die holds on to the work too long, if it
runs quickly it will be found difficult for the operator to make a blow exactly
at pleasure. To obviate these difficulties this new mode of operation has
been invented, videlicit, upon the eccentric shaft is a cam turning uniformly
with it. This cam actuates a lever which has a jointed attachment to the
end of the pitman or connecting rod, so that when the lever is permitted to
work down upon the cam by means of a spring or weight it will as it descends
bring the end of the pitman upon the shoulder of the die and carry it forward
(the cam being in proper relation to the eccentric for that purpose), and the
die will thus be brought to its work. The cam is duly formed to act upon
the lever so that after the blow is struck it will by positive action take off
the pitman from the shoulder and return it to its original position. Now this
lever at its extreme backward movement is caught by a spring hook and
held there so that it cannot go down again, but this spring hook is furnished
with a bolt or latch, and the cam is furnished with another cam upon it or
moving in conjunction with it, to the action of which the bolt or latch may be
brought so as to have the secondary cam unhook the lever and get the blow
when wanted. The bolt or latch is brought into position by a catch so
arranged as that it, the catch, shall be disengaged at substantially the same
time the hook is and this bolt or latch being always held to its normal
position by a spring will. when the catch is disengaged, move instantly out of
the track of the secondary cam, and the hook being held to its normal position
by a spring will be quite sure to catch up the lever at its extreme backward
movement, and thus hold the connection broken between the connecting rod
and the die as far as any forward movement is concerned. It will be
observed that this adjunct to the eccentric hammer is somewhat complex, but
it will also be observed that none of this complexity enters into the arrange-
ment by which the labour of the blow is performed, all that remains sub-
stantially as before, the new device indicating when the work shall be done
and limiting it to a single blow. If, however, more than one and less than
any given number of blows be desired, it will at once be seen that by slight
changes any desired number may be determined. For giving to bayonets
with facility and certainty a uniform temper I use for heating to harden a

page_text: suitable furnace and pan for holding and heating some suitable medium.
Lead will do well. When the lead is melted in the pan I introduce into it
a propeller with a casing and sort of trough (the propeller being sustained
and driven by motive power from without), and so cased as to generate a
current through the trough, the whole having such relation to the pan as that
the current which passes one way through shall return the other way through
the pan, and around and outside of the trough, so that the lead in its back-
ward passage shall pass over all the heating surface of the pan before coming
to the propeller: now the propeller renders the whole medium homogeneous
by its stirring action and then projects it in a current into and through the
trough. In this current the blade is immersed to heat with the heaviest and
next the propeller, so that the most heat will be obtained where there is the
most metal to heat. By this mode of operation all the medium passes over
all parts of the heating surface, taking up heat from all parts where the heat
is greater than its own, and after being made quite homogeneous by the
propeller passing the entire length of the blade. imparting to it of the heat so
taken up quite uniformly, and yet the heat being always greatest in the medinm
at that portion of the trough where the blade is heaviest. For quenching
the blade when properly heated I use any suitable liquid as a cooling medium
with pan propeller, with casing, and the trough, but outside the pan a cooler,
all in a similar manner to the heating. but conversely, the cooler being in place
of the fire, and the medium being coldest where the blade is heaviest. When
water only is used for quenching it is most convenient to introduce a jet of it
at low temperature somewhere between the trough and pan where the current
is towards the propeller, and by which the jet will in circulation become
uniformly incorporated with the mass, and then pass the blade cooling it.
uniformly, the trough being provided at that end where it delivers into the
pan with a waste pipe or wier so as to pass off as much semi-heated water as
there is of the cool water flowing in. For drawing the temper of bayonet
blades and other like articles requiring like temper the same arrangement
precisely will do that is used in heating to harden. A less degree of heat of
course will be necessary, and in some cases it will be well to use metals
flowing with a low heat, and where it is desirable to draw the temper but
little, after hardening it is convenient to use as a medium atmospheric air
but when this is used of course it must be substantially enclosed throughout
When the pieces to be tempered are of such figure as to be heaviest at the
two ends and lightest in the middle the currents must be modified accordingly
and so of any other similar irregularity.
In some cases it may be desirable to harden most intensely where the work

page_text: is thickest, and this result may be obtained by concentrating a superabundance
of heat upon the thick part and conversely in the cooling process. So also
if it be desirable to draw the temper lowest at any particular point a super-
abundance of heat may be thrown there. And thus by suitably modifying
the apparatus to any particular manufacture the workman will be able to
control the result to any desired extent.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special license that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FORGING AND TEMPERING BAYONET BLADES
FILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES," a communication to me from abroad by Hervey
Waters, a person resident at Northbridge, Massachusetts, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
For drawing bayonet blades and similar articles from the bar or blank I
use a pair of chilled cast-iron rolls, having each a concentric surface for about
one half of their circumference and the other half falling below, so as to admit
between them tongs or some other suitable instrument for holding, carrying
and presenting the work so as to be properly seized by the rolls as their full
surfaces approach each other in revolution. In the use of these rolls it is
important to have the mill with the bed plate and housings so organized as
that the rolls, either or both, may be taken out and put in with facility. To
this end I form the bed plate for supporting the housings, journal stands, &c.,
entirely in one piece, which I place over a pit having walls constructed of
masonry for purposes to be hereafter described.
For a general description of the mill reference may be had to Figures 1, 2,
and 3, which are respectively a plan, and front, and end elevations thereof.
a is the bed plate; b, the roller stands fixed thereupon; c, bolts passing up
through the bed piece and stand; d, nuts upon the bolts, this stand, bolts,
and nuts constituting the housings of the rolls; e, e, are the rolls; g, boxes
for the top roll, the journal boxes for the bottom roll being formed integral
with the stands; h is a connecting tie for the tops of the stands. For the
purpose of removing the rolls from the housings the nuts d are unscrewed
from the bolts c and the bolts lowered into the pit so far down as to allow the
rolls, either or both, to be taken out in front of the stands, which will be
entirely open after the bolts are lowered. In some cases it may be necessary
to raise the boxes of the top roll in order to allow of its removal, and in order
to allow the removal of the bottom roll it may be necessary to raise the top
roll with its boxes. This may be accomplished by turning back the adjusting
screws i. Through each of these screws there is a central hole in the direction
of its length through which pass long bolts j, screwed into the boxes g, having
their heads with collars resting upon the heads of the adjusting screws
Reaching across from one to the other of these bolts, and extending beyond,
there is a yoke k, to the ends of which are attached by means of bails and
adjustable connections, boxes I, supporting the top roll by pivots at either end
thereof; consequently, by turning back the screws with these connections the
top roll and the boxes will be carried up equally. One advantage of this
method of suspending the top roll is that the roll may be kept snug to its
bearing in its boxes, so as to prevent slamming when the rolls strike upon
their work; another is, it leaves the roller necks or journals in plain view, so
that their condition as to lubrication may be always observed.

page_text: Upon the adjusting screws i are nuts for the purpose of taking up any
play or slack in the screws. Upon the tops of the holis e is made fast the
graduating plate m, upon which are adjustable stops n to facilitate the adjust-
ment of the rolls by the levers o. In the use of this housing with full rolls
working in trains, this method of suspending the top roll is inadmissible, but
the rolls may be suspended in the usual manner. In applying the power to
drive matched die rolls, it is very important so to arrange the gears and shafts
as to allow of considerable variation of axial distance of the rolls without
essentially changing the pitch lines of the gears, and at the same time to avoid
as much as possible any spring or yield of the parts which is apt to take place
immediately upon the bite of the rolls, whereby a change of relation of
the dies takes place, engendering crooks and other faults in the work produced.
besides producing unnecessary wear upon the dies. To these ends the mill is
arranged as represented in the Drawings. p is the driving shaft, upon which
is a pinion working into a gear upon the bottom roll, as will be seen; there is
also upon this same driving shaft a gear working into and driving a similar
gear upon a secondary driving shaft q. having upon it a pinion working into
and driving a gear upon the upper roll, as will be seen. Each of these driving
shafts is supported at the driving ends thereof by boxes attached to the stands
of the housings, and they have their axes severally very nearly in a horizontal
plane with the axes of the rolls which they drive. Both the driving shafts
have their other ends supported by the stand r. Morcover, if the top roll
works freely in this kind of mill, the heavy side of it moving downward as it
approaches its work is liable to gravitate forward, causing the gears to back
lash, consequently as the rolls bite upon their work the top roll will pause
while the gears change to the working side, thus crooking the work and pro-
ducing other difficulties. This change of relation in the rolls will be con-
siderably greater when one roll is geared directly from the other than when
geared as represented in the Drawings, but to avoid this altogether I place a
counterpoise upon the gear of the top roll. This mill is arranged to be
driven by a belt working directly upon a fly pulley, having its journals working
in boxes upon the two stands s, and having its axis in line with the driving
shaft p. Upon the shaft with this pulley and integral with it is a clutch
coupling, having its fellow upon the driving shaft p, where it is arranged to
work in and out by means of the fork t. Connected with this fork by the
fulcrum upon which it works are two levers for the purpose of working the
clutch in either direction by the foot. This integral coupling and shaft is
bored through centrally in the direction of its length and counterbored within
the clutch so as to carry within it the male part of a friction connection, the

page_text: female part being in the end of the driving shaft. p. and within the fellow of
the clutch before mentioned. To the male part of this connection is attached
a rod extending quite through the shaft of the fly and projecting slightly
beyond the end of it, where it may be acted upon by the arm u. This arm is
made fast to a fulcrum bar, which is so bent as to extend as a lever around
the fly, to the neighbourhood of one of the levers attached to the fork t. This
fly runs with great rapidity, so that if the clutch were thrown in by the fork t.
with the mill at rest, the parts would be greatly injured in overcoming the
inertia of the material. To avoid this the operator places his foot upon the
lever under and about the fly, and by his own gravity forces up the friction
connection so as to generate thereby motion in the mill. and then with his
other foot works in the clutch by means of the fork t. When it is desirable
to stop the mill it may be done immediately by placing the foot on the long
lever attached to the fork 1. if the rolls be not upon their work. taking out the
clutch and forcing it back into the friction ring r. attached to the stand r. In
the concentric surfaces of the rolls are modelled or turned to match cach
other a suit of grooves proper for forming from the bar or blank by successive
passes the shape of the blade or other article desired, and one feature of my
Invention consists in combining with these rolls an automatic machine for
handling the blank and presenting it successively to the several grooves. This
automatic machine is constructed and arranged mostly in connection with and
upon a table, which table is attached to the two stands b of the mill by arms
extending from the journal boxes. Some of the parts working in connection
with the automaton are arranged upon the rock shaft y. which has its boxes in
the stands b, and some others are upon the guide bar z, which is attached to
the bolts c of the housings. In using this automaton, tongs or other holding
devices are employed, towards which the working surfaces of the rolls revolve,
and which are furnished with a lock so as to hold the blank by such part as
is not to be worked in the rolls. These tongs work in a light carrying frame
which slides with the tongs forward and back on a way, and the way is on a
carriage which traverses in a cross direction so as to bring the way with the
tongs and its frame to the line of the several grooves in the suit, the carriage
being furnished with a suitable rack or index worked and held by pawls so as
to determine its position. Upon the bottom roll is a cam working a lever, to
which lever is attached a frame, having in it a long groove at a right angle to
the line of movement of the frame and parallel to the axis of the rolls, and
upon the carriage is hung a horizontal lever, which lever has a pivot working
in the groove above described. This horizontal lever being jointed by a con-
necting rod to the tongs frame will thus work the tongs to and from any one

page_text: of the suit of grooves by the controlling action of the cam when not otherwise
controlled by the action of the rolls, the tongs being worked forward by a
spring or weight but negatively controlled by the cam and worked backward
positively by the cam (when moved without a blank), the cam and levers
being so proportioned as to have the tongs in their backward movement
correspond as near as may be with the rate of movement of the periphery
of the rolls. But the connections between the levers are such as to allow
of some rendering of the parts, so as to avoid violence between the positive
action of the cam and the positive action of the rolls on the work, it being
quite impractical to make the two motions to correspond exactly or even
very nearly. Moreover, the tongs and tongs frame are so constructed and
arranged with the tongs way and a supplemental sliding rod that the
tongs are turned one way during their forward motion to the rolls and
the other way during the next forward movement alternately, which
turning is accomplished by a system of levers, the impelling one of
which works in a serpentine groove during the lateral movement of the
carriage from groove to groove, the lateral movement of the carriage being
imparted and determined by a system of pawls, as before stated; and the
motive ones of the system being worked forward by a crank or eccentric on
the end of the bottom roll, through a compound bent lever so constructed as
to render in case of accident or obstruction, and worked backward by the
grooved frame before mentioned as it brings back the tongs. This effect, how-
ever, is by the construction and mode of operation made conditional upon the
position arrived at by the tongs in their forward movement, so that if there be
any failure of the tongs to carry the piece forward to the guage, now about to
be described, the machine will not carry forward the carriage, but will return
the tongs and piece to the same groove until the desired position is reached.
This guage is a long rule reaching from end to end of the rolls, supported at
its ends and held slightly below the line of contact of the two rolls, so as to
maintain its parallelism with the rolls and yet be capable of being worked
backward and forward. It is carried forward between the blank part of the
rolls by a weight or spring, and is brought back by the bottom roll which
strikes by shoulders near its surface, and nearly in line with that part of the
rolls which first seize the work. Moreover, there is upon the tongs a collar
or stop which comes against this guage when the tongs are quite forward, by
means whereof the roll is made to carry back the tongs and blank a short
distance before the rolls bite upon the blank, thus insuring the proper relation
of action of the several grooves in the suit to one another, and to that part of
the blade not covered by the rolling and held by the tongs. This automaton

page_text: of course must pause when the work is finished, so as to allow the piece to be
taken from the tongs and the carriage to be returned to its normal position,
which are done by the hand of the operator, and for this purpose the cam
lever is caught by a hook, so as to prevent the forward movement of the tongs
which would otherwise take place by reason of the spring or weight, as before
described. This hook is arranged so that at every extreme backward move-
ment of the tongs it may catch up the impelling lever; but upon the cam
working and controlling that lever, there is a secondary cam properly placed
and upon the hook a sliding bolt so arranged that if the bolt be moved
forward from its normal position it will be impinged upon by the secondary
cam, and the hook cast off, while allowing the lever to follow forward past the
hook on the first cam mentioned. This bolt is at the convenient control of
the operator, and when he desires the machine to work it is kept forward
from its normal position, otherwise not. That the carriage may be returned
to its place the pawls are moved from the rack and the turning lever from the
serpentine groove. For a better understanding of the mode of operation of
this contrivance reference may be made to Figures 4, 5, and 6, which are
respectively a plan, a front, and an end elevation thereof, some of the details
of which will be more fully shown in Figures hereafter to be mentioned.
a is the table attached to the stands of the mill, as before mentioned, upon
which the automaton is constructed and arranged; b', the tongs furnished with
a lock; c', tongs frame; d', the bar constituting the way on which the tongs
frame slides; e being the auxiliary way to prevent the longs frame from
turning on the bar d¹, both of which ways are supported in and carried by the
traverse carriage of the machine. This traverse carriage slides with two
bearings on a bar g' (attached to and supported by the table), so as to
maintain its proper relation to the rolls, and it is kept from turning upon said
bar by means of a gib attached to the forward arm of said carriage, nearly
under where the tongs frame is seen, and working in a groove in the under
side of the forward part of the table toward the rolls, where two dotted lines
are shewn parallel to the axis of the rolls in Figure 4. is the index rack
attached to the traverse carriage, by which the system of pawls works and
determines its position; and j' are the impelling pawls of the system; k¹ is a
stationary pawl or dog working or acting upon the same index rack, there
being another stationary pawl or dog in this system, not easily distinguishable
in Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the Drawings, but readily seen at in Figure 7,
which is an enlarged plan showing more clearly this traverse carriage with its
rack and system of pawls, together with some other parts, to which reference
will hereafter be made; m³ is the impelling and controlling cam of the

page_text: tongs frame c¹; upon the
', supporting a bar or
automaton, and it is fixed upon the bottom roll of the mill; n' is the impelling
lever made fast at its lower end upon the rock shaft y of the mill, and having
its upper end jointed to the connecting rod o' (in a manner to be hereafter
described), and working by a shoe or projection near its middle upon the
impelling cam m'. To the other end of the connecting rod o' is jointed the
grooved frame p'; this grooved frame is supported by two bearings and worked
upon the bar q, and it is kept from turning upon said bar by the grooved
stand at its other end. In the groove of this frame works a box s¹ (seen
clearly in Figure 7) upon the pivot of the horizontal lever which is pivotted
to and works upon the traverse carriage f. To the other end of this lever
is pivotted a connecting rod a connecting it to the
rock shaft y and made fast thereto are two arms ¹,
roller, and jointed by means of a stand; made fast to the bed piece a of the
mill is an adjustable gripe w¹; to this gripe are made fast the two ends of
the rubber or gutta percha springs ', having their middles looped about the
bars supported upon the arms v. Upon the connecting rod o¹, and so fitted to
slide easily thereupon, is a long sleeve '; there is also upon said connecting
rod a spiral spring z¹, one end pressing against the sleeve y', the other against
a collar made fast by a set screw and adjustable upon the connecting rod o¹
This spring has sufficient strength to carry back the tongs of the machine
when not controlled by the action of the rolls upon the piece in the tongs, but
will render to the action of the machine to considerable extent if necessary.
Upon the sleeve there is fitted a sort of box or muff a, to which the
impelling lever n' is jointed. To the same box is jointed a sort of nippers
about the handles or levers of which is a rubber spring b²; these nippers take
into a neck or score turned about the sleeve y', and are there held by the loop
spring b with sufficient force to ensure the proper backward movement of the
tongs in the working of the machine, but in case of any accident connected with
the tongs in their movement these nippers will be forced out of the score in
the sleeve by the positive action of the cam and slide forward upon the sleeve;
but as the cam revolves it will be returned to the score by the action of the
spring, thus preventing any ruin of the parts which might otherwise take
place by the positive action of the cam. Upon the bar d' and made fast to it
are two short arms carrying the supplemental sliding rod c²; to this same bar
d is also made fast the short arm (seen clearly in Figure 5), which has a
jointed connection to the arm e made fast upon a short rock shaft ; to the
other end of this rock shaft is attached an arm with a wrist working into
the serpentine groove in the sliding plate g, which sliding plate will be here-
after again referred to. Sliding with the tongs frame upon its way is a sort

page_text: of link fitted to turn loosely upon the shank or barrel of the tongs frame
concentrically to the axis of the bar d. Through this link and sliding
upon the supplemental bar c is a bushing, upon which is pivotted one
end of a connecting rod, the other end of which is pivotted to an arm
upon the tongs, by means of which the tongs can be turned by and with
the bar at whatever position they may be upon the bar. Thus it
will be seen by reference to Figure 5 that when the wrist of the arm
is at either of the lower curves of the serpentine groove, the arm upon the
tongs to which the small connecting rod is jointed will stand perpendicular,
and when in the upper curve, the same arm will be horizontal. Now the
distance laterally from the lower to the upper curve in this serpentine groove
is the same as the distance from centre to centre of the adjacent grooves of
the series upon the rolls of the mill, consequently the blank or piece in the
tongs will be turned ninety degrees of a circle, first one way and then the other,
in its progress from groove to groove. On the bottom roll of the mill is
screwed the crank piece or eccentric, and working loosely upon it is a cross
piece, to which is jointed a connecting bail ; this bail slides freely upon a
connecting rod working and jointed to the arm ; this arm is pivotied to the
table a', and has extending from it and permanently attached to it the arm m
extending outward and upward. Jointed to the same axis with is a bent
lever, having an arm extending outward and upward, as seen at n². Another
arm extends nearly at right angles to n, and carries the pawl, and extending
in the same direction from the axis as the arm last mentioned, but nearly
beneath it, is a long arm carrying the pawl j. Around the two arms m² and
which extend outward and upward of this system of levers, is a rubber spring
of sufficient strength to so bind this system of levers that for all practical
purposes in the working of the machine they constitute a bent lever with a
single arm connecting with the eccentric . its other two arms working the
impelling pawls, by the positive action of the eccentric upon the end of
the roll. But in case of any accident or obstruction to the traverse carriage
or other parts therewith connected, whereby the carriage cannot traverse upon
its ways, the rubber spring will yield, and thus prevent any ruin to the parts
which might take place if the connecting frame to the impelling pawls were
rigid and unyielding. It will be observed that the piece k sliding freely upon
the connecting rod can work the bent lever just described only in one
direction, but it will work it in one direction by means of the connecting rod
in the following manner-Upon the groove frame p' is screwed a small
adjustable stand o. To this is pivotted a latch, seen at p², Figure 6, and
represented by dotted lines in the plan, Figure 4. This latch has a stop in

page_text: one direction; against which it is kept by a spring, but it can swing around in
the other direction when the power of the spring is overcome. The pivot by
which the pawl à' is attached to its impelling lever. extends upward, so as to
nct upon the latch. Now if the grooved frame p¹ in its forward movement
gets so far forward as that the end of the latch shall be carried past the
extended pivot of the pawl and escape by it by means of the spring
presenting it in the inclined position represented by the dotted lines in the
plan, Figure 4. the groove. frame carrying the latch in its backward movement
will move back the impelling pawl i¹ so as to escape by and take hold of
another tooth of the index rack, and at the same time disengaging the
stationary dog (in the manner which will be readily understood by
inspection of Figure 7). the arm 12 of the compound bent lever carrying back
the connecting rod, which it may do if the crank be properly placed in
relation to the impelling cam, so that the crank in its continued movement
will impel the bail against the adjustable nut seen upon the connecting rod
impelling it, and consequently the traverse carriage in the desired direction.
If the latch does not escape by the extended pivot, the carriage will of course
not be fed forward. At p² may be seen the guage bar or long rule, which is
supported and slides in the ways q. q. attached to the guide bar z. This
guide bar is bent around in the manner of a staple extending forward over
the rock shaft y, where the two ends of the staple are connected across by the
small rod r. Jointed upon this rod 2. so as to turn freely on it, are two
sockets, s², and upon the rock shaft extending over its entire length
between the two stands of the mill, and fitted to turn loosely upon two
bearings, is a shell 2. Into this shell are screwed two arms ³, w³, extending
upward, and having their upper ends working loosely in the sockets ², by
means of which the parallelism of the guage bar is maintained, and also by
means of which it is carried forward to its position between the 'rolls, when
necessary, and kept from between the rolls when necessary. Upon the rock
shaft y, and made fast to it underneath the shell , at about midway between
the two ends, is a short double arm 3. In one end of this double arm is an
adjusting screw, the point of which bears upon the under side of the shell
at times. To the other end of the arm is jointed a gripe, represented in the
sectional elevation, Figure 8. This gripe holds looped rubber springs, in a
manner similar to that described as existing at 1, and shewn plainly in
Figure 8. These rubber springs are looped about small rollers y. In Figure 5
the rollers without the springs are shown. These springs bind the shell down
upon the point of the adjusting spring with sufficient force to bring
forward the guage bar by means of the arms 1. the same time that the

page_text: impelling lever n¹ brings forward the tongs, both of which arrive between the
rolls of the mill at the same time. Upon the bottom roll of the mill at 22, z²,
are two shoulders working against shoes upon the guage p², and upon the
tongs carrying the bar to be rolled is an adjustable stop a. and on the arrival
of the tongs and guage between the rolls this stop is against the guage p
presenting the blank between the rolls when the shoulders z strike the guage
and carry it back, and with it the tongs and the blank. until the blank is
seized by the rolls, after which the tongs will be carried back by the action of
the rolls upon the work, leaving the guage at the control of the roll, which
will be carried back by it, and held back by the concentric surface of the roll
bearing against the shoes of the guage after their escape from the shoulders,
until the rolls pass so far around as to open again upon their blank sides, at
which time the impelling lever will have reached its extreme backward move-
ment, when the point of the adjusting screw we will have been brought up to
its bearing upon the under side of the shell, whereby the guage will be kept
back until the next forward movement of the impelling lever n'. Upon the
impelling lever n', and nearly opposite the projection which works into the
cam m', is a shoulder or catch b. At c is another catch or hook upon a
frame, which is jointed to the adjusting plate d. This hook frame is actuated
by a spring e, and is so placed and arranged as that it will catch up the
impelling lever at its extreme backward movement. Upon this same hook
frame is a sliding bolt f, connected by a rod and jointed to the three-armed
lever g. This three-armed lever has a common fulcrum in the stands h³,
which stands extend downwards from the table of the automaton. is an
arm made fast to one end of the shaft, which hangs and turns on the arms
of the table, and made fast to the other end of the same shaft is a short arm h³,
which is jointed by a connecting rod to another of the three arms of the
lever g. There are also made fast upon this shaft, near its bearings in the
arms of the table, two other arms, which extend upwards and take into
recesses upon the under side and near the ends of this sliding plate g². m³ is
a spring, having one end made fast to the table of the automaton, and the
other end jointed and connected by a rod to the same arm of to which is
connected the sliding bolt f. This arm serves as a starting lever, and when
it is depressed by the operator it will bring out the sliding plate g with the
serpentine groove upon the wrist of the arm, and at the same time cramp
the spring m³ by the three-armed lever g, and carry forward the bolt f. It
will also bring back the stop lever n³, which is jointed by a screw upon the
top of the sliding plate g², when by the means of a spring made fast to the
adjustable plate o³ the forward end of the stop lever will be thrown upon a stop

page_text: as seen by the dotted lines upon the plate o, which will keep out the sliding
plate g, and consequently keep forward the bolt f. Upon the cam m' there
is a secondary cam p³, so placed in relation to the primary cam as that it shall
impinge upon the bolt (while so kept forward) when the lever n¹ is at its
extreme backward movement, and cast off the hook c3 from the catch b³, thus
allowing the impelling lever n' to work down by its shoe upon the cam m¹
from the force of the spring a¹, bringing forward the tongs with the guage and
the piece to be rolled, presenting the blank between the rolls in the position
represented in the Drawings in Figures 4, 5, and 6. After the blank is seized
by the rolls, and during the action of the rolls upon it, the piece and tongs will
be controlled by the rolls, and if the rolls move the piece with the tongs faster
than is called for by the action of the cam, the tongs are so constructed that
they can slide back in the tongs frame, cramping the spiral spring upon the
shank of the tongs. If this yielding is not suflicient, it will take off the shoe
of the impelling lever n' from the cam, overcoming the tension of the spring ..
If, on the other hand, the action of the rolls upon the piece do not move the
tongs as fast as is called for by the action of the cam, the spring z¹ will be
contracted, allowing the connecting rod o' to slide out through the sleeve and
muff, so that the nut seen upon the end of the connecting rod will open out
from the sleeve and from the muff to which the impelling lever n' is jointed.
After the rolls have passed the work from between them, the several parts
will resume and continue their functions, as heretofore described, the groove
frame carrying back the latch, which by its inclination and movement
will carry back the impelling dogs. taking hold upon another tooth of the
rack, and relieving the stationary dog k¹, and by the revolution of the crank j²
the impelling pawls will be forced forward, carrying the next tooth of the
rack up against the stationary dog with the sliding frame, tongs, &c., and
presenting the blank to the second groove of the series, while at the same time
the arm will pass to an upper curve of the serpentine groove, thus turning
the tongs ninety degrees of a circle, and with them the blank, so as that the
rolls shall act upon it in another direction at each successive pass, first one
way and then the other, until the work is finished. At the last backward.
movement of the tongs the trip q", which is attached to the tongs frame, im-
pinges upon the tripping lever, jointed to the adjustable plate o³, casts off
the end of the stop lever n from the shoulder upon the adjustable plate o³,
allowing the adjustable plate g to move backward by the power of the
spring m³, taking the serpentine groove from the wrist upon the arm,
moving back the slide boli f' so as not to be impinged upon by the secondary
cam, and thus allowing the hook c³ to catch and hold back the impelling lever,

page_text: and thus arrest the action of the automaton. Moreover, as the spring, by its
power, brings back the lower arm of the three-armed lever g, it will move
in the opposite direction the upper arm of the lever g". This upper arm
extends slightly above the plane of the table of the automaton, and it is so
formed as to catch upon a hook jointed to the stationary dog 1', as shewn
clearly in Figure 7, thus drawing away clear from the rack the stationary
dogs. Now this stationary dog is immediately under the impelling pawl i
and has upon its upper side a long shoulder, and as the stationary dog is
carried back it takes with it that end of the impelling pawl which works
immediately upon the rack by catching upon a pivot or button which is upon
the pawl extending downwards so as to be caught upon the long shoulder,
carrying back also the working end of the stationary dog ¹ by catching upon
a pivot turned up upon an arm which extends beyond the end of the dog
which works immediately upon the rack, so that all the dogs and pawls are
thus taken clear of the rack, and the serpentine groove moves clear from the
arm by the single action of the spring m", when the stop lever is tripped
from its shoulder at the last backward movement of the automaton, as
described, leaving everything in such condition as that the operator may, after
removing the finished work from the tongs, by taking hold of the handle at
the end of the slide bar d', move back the traverse carriage to its normal
position. As the traverse carriage comes back to its place it impinges upon
the end of the strut t³, casts off the hook from the upper arm of the lever h³,
thus allowing the system of pawls and dogs to come to their working position,
which they do mostly by the power of the spring which actuates the stationary
dog k, when the machine will be in its normal position. The system of levers
to which the impelling pawls are attached being jointed to the table so as to
work quite freely, and the piece which slides freely upon the connecting
rod making some little friction, will be liable sometimes to place the pawls
in a false position, and it is found convenient to attach to one lever of the
system a spiral spring of sufficient power to overcome the slight friction of k²
upon the connecting rod and to keep that arm of the lever which carries the
impelling pawl ' against the stop 3 adjusted to the proper position. There
is also another light spiral spring, as may be seen, attached at one end to the
pivot, which connects the strut to the hook which is jointed to the stationary
dog, and the other end to the stud upon which the strut slides, so as to
draw the strut and with it the hook toward that point in the carriage which
impinges upon the strut as it returns to its normal position, as before described.
As the traverse carriage is moved away from its normal position after having
made its first and before making its second pass, this spring brings the hook

page_text: again upon the upward arm of the lever g, and at the same time, by its
inclined action, it will bring down the stationary dog upon that tooth of the
rack which is immediately acted upon by the impelling pawl i, and as the tooth
passes it and is brought up against the dog k¹ it will fall behind the tooth, so
that the traverse carriage will be locked in both directions by the two sta-
tionary dogs. Upon one of the arms of the table is secured a finger plate v
extending outward, and so shaped as to form one side of the serpentine
groove at the first curve and upward to the middle of the second curve. This
plate being connected firmly to the table of the automaton of course does not
move away with the sliding plate g³, but will always keep the arm of the tongs
upright when the traverse carriage is in its normal position. Upon the other
arm of the table is another similar finger plate w³ remaining stationary with
the table to act in a similar manner when the tongs shall have arrived at the
last pass.
The grooves of the suit used in the rolls for bayonets, and which it is
contemplated to use in rolling files and other similar articles, have a concentric
termination towards the small end, which is found to be much more simple
and practical than when the taper holds throughout the length of the working
grooves. Of course the finishing passes will always have eccentric grooves
throughout if the work calls for it; but for the purposes of the most rapid
drawing the concentric terminations are preferable. This feature is supposed
to be new as well as useful. For a better understanding of the character of
this system of grooves reference may be made to Figure 9 of the Drawings,
which represents the cylindrical working surfaces of the two rolls reduced to
a horizontal plane, B representing the bottom roll and T the top roll, the
Figures 1, 1, denoting the two grooves working in conjunction for the first pass;
Figures 2, 2, the grooves for the second pass, and so on up to the Figures
9, 9, which represent the finishing pass for forming a bayonet blade; 10, 10;
shews another finishing pass for the same as 9, 9, to be used in some cases, as
will be hereafter explained. The dotted lines at 3, 3, in the first pass, shew
in section respectively the form and depth of the groove from the surface of
the roll at the heel of the pass, where the work is first seized by the rolls, and
at y³, y, is represented by dotted lines the forms in section of the grooves at
about the point there indicated, and which they hold to the end of the groove:
23, 2, show respectively a section of the second pass, and so on through the
series, the dotted lines everywhere indicating sectional forms of the grooves at
about the points where such lines are located; but in the 10th groove of the
bottom roll the dotted lines a', a', represent the outlines of the edges of a
bayonet blade. The full lines b*, b*, &c., represent the points to about which

page_text: a blank would reach, when drawn in this system of grooves, in its progress
from groove to groove, and it will be observed that in all cases these points
reach beyond the dotted lines, where the grooves are always concentric, the
concentric termination getting shorter and shorter as the work progresses,
while the approximate form gets longer and longer, so that, at the same time
that that part towards the point is being reduced in size the other part is
being perfected in form, the finished form running the entire length of the
parts 9, 9. As a matter of economy it is found useful to use two finishing
passes in a suit of grooves for rolling bayonet blades, it being desirable to give
a more perfect finish at the last pass than at the preparatory passes of the
work. When the grooves are new the blade is finished entirely at the 9th
pass of this system of grooves, but as this pass becomes rough from use, the
work is finished in the 10th groove, going from the 8th groove to the 10th
groove, slipping over the 9th groove. This is accomplished by removing the
finger plate, seen in Figure 5, and substituting in its place another finger
plate having its form, at the end towards the serpentine groove, of a more
acute angle, so as it shall require to turn the tongs, a lateral movement of the
traverse carriage, through twice the distance required by . This form is
indicated by dotted lines in Figure 5; and for the index rack used in the first.
instance, having nine teeth, with equal spaces, corresponding with the space in
the grooves to the rolls, another is substituted, having also nine teeth, seven of
the spaces being equal to each other, and the eighth space being equal to two
of the other spaces.
But the ninth tooth. beyond the large space, has its
upper portion cut entirely away, so as not to reach above the stationary
dogs, and consequently not within the reach of the impelling pawl .
Moreover, there is placed upon the traverse carriage a rack having a single
tooth in such position that it will be reached by the impelling
backward movement as the blank comes out of the rolls at the eighth pass:
and as that arm of the bent lever which carries is twice as long from its
fulcrum as the arm carrying it, the traverse carriage will be carried through
twice the distance by jl as by i', and the ninth tooth of the rack beyond the
broad space will come up between the two stationary dogs. It is further
necessary, in making this change, to remove the adjustable plate o and the
stop lever n³ to a position nearer to the starting handle a distance equal to
the distance, between the grooves in the rolls. When the character of the
work requires it, guides may be placed upon the guide bar to insure the
proper entrance of the blank to the grooves.
pawl at its
For files of some kinds and other like articles it will be better to guage
from the forward end of the piece than from that end by which they are held

page_text: to be presented. In such case the guage bar, furnished with suitable stops,
should be upon the other side of the rolls, and instead of placing guides on
a guide bar it will be better to put them on the guage bar. Moreover,
when the length of the part to be rolled is short in comparison to the
part remaining in form of the bar or blank, as in files and the like, it
will be best to dispense with the secondary bar for turning the work, and
with the tongs frame, making the connection from the horizontal lever t
direct to the shank of the tongs or other holding device and turning the
same by a hollow cylinder through which the shank can slide, but in
which it cannot turn, the turning connection being directly to the cylinder.
For modelling the grooves for bayonets in a chilled roll, a lathe is used
having the roll to turn on its own journals regularly as for round rolls, and
the concentric parts are turned in the same way, except that for economy of
time the roll is moved rapidly past the tool when not in action, that is, over
those parts of the roll where there is not any cutting done by the tool. On
one of the necks of the roll is a gear for driving it, and the lathe is also
furnished with a strong rest on which the tool is made fast in the usual way,
forming the grooves by the form of the tool. In rolling bayonets it is usual
to use a blank of such size as will make the largest part of the blade, and for
the small parts it is drawn down. To model the grooves with the concentric.
terminations as above named, it is found best to turn first the suit of grooves
for drawing down concentric throughout, the same as if intended to draw
the whole picce, and then to proceed to form the shapes desired for the
blade at the ends of the grooves, which first take hold of the blank in rolling,
and as the first groove will be but one reduction from the original size, only a
short part of the ultimate form will be approximated, the second groove being
still smaller will take more approximate form, and so on, obtaining more and
more of the desired form, and allowing less and less of concentric drawing, so
that by the time the necessary size is obtained for the small end, there will
remain to be done by the finishing passes the shaping of the small end and
the correction of the main parts of the blade only. After the concentric
grooves are turned, in order to model the forms desired in them there is used
on the gear which drives the roll suits of cams, one suit being for the purpose
of working wedges behind the rest to give the desired movement to the rest
for turning the eccentric forms, another suit is used for working the too!
laterally the rest and back wedge being so arranged as that the rest may work
laterally, without in any way changing the relation of the tool to the axis of the
roll, using with these several movements such formed tools as will with the
motions give the desired forms. In addition to these motions it is sometimes

page_text: necessary to use a tool stock supplementary to the rest, so arranged as to turn
the tool upon an axis in the tool stock, and thus form concentric grooves in the
merc act of turning. the taper and form being conditioned upon the relation
of the figure of the tool to the axis upon which it turns. For a better under-
standing of this lathe and its mode of operation reference may be had to
Figures 10, 11, and 12, which are respectively a plan, a front, and an end
elevation of the lathe; c' denotes the main frame of the machine, which for the
sake of firmness is cast in a single piece; d', d', bolts, which for still greater
firmness are passed through the two ends of the frame c' and screwed fast in
place, after the roll e and the rest are put in position; g is the driving
pulley made fast to the shaft with which it runs, and on the same shaft arc
made fast the two gears h' and i'. On one end of the clutch shaft is the
gear turning loosely upon it and driven by h, and carrying with it one part
of the clutch coupling 1. On the other end of the shaft and turning loosely
upon it. is the gear m³, carrying with it one part of the friction coupling n, the
other part of both couplings being fitted with splines upon the shaft i so as to
slide without turning upon the shaft. The two wheels and m' are of equal
diameter, and unequal,, the driver being much the smaller of the two.
Made fast upon the clutch shaft is the driving gear o of the train, through
which is communicated to the driving gear p' upon the end of the roll power
for working the roll e upon its journals; q' is a bar fitted to slide through
the two ends of the main frame of the lathe, and having made fast to it the
fork extending into the groove of the sliding part of the coupling n'; another
fork is fitted loosely upon the shaft q, and kept up snugly against a
collar screwed fast upon the same shaft by a pretty strong spiral spring upon
the shaft q' as seen in the Drawing. This fork s extends into the groove of
the sliding part of the clutch coupling 1. Into one end of this sliding bar q
is fitted the adjustable bolt t, and bearing against the other end of the sliding
bar q is a pretty sirong spring u' attached to the frame c of the lathe. Upon
the arms of the driving wheel p', at any point convenient for the time being, is
placed a cam or inclined plane, so as to impinge upon the adjustable bolt a
little preceding in time as to the rotation of the roll that period when the
portion of the roll upon which it is desirable to make a cut with the tool
upon the rest arrives thereat, by which means the sliding bar q' will be
carried on end forcing outward the spring u and disengaging the friction
coupling n, and locking the clutch coupling . At about the time the
clutch is fully locked, a latch made fast upon a shaft extending through
the frame c (and fitted to turn loosely therein) falls by the weight of the
Jever made fast to the other end of the shaft between the hub of the fork

page_text: and the main frame of the machine, thus maintaining in connection two parts
of the clutch ', and while so connected the roller will be driven through the
train by means of the gear hapon the first driving shaft. Upon the same
driving gear p' is fixed the trip at such point as will lift up the lever w
and take out the latch immediately upon the arrival of the roll at such position
in rotation as carries the part upon which the cut is being made past the
tool, when the spring will force apart the clutch and bring into action the
friction coupling n', when the roll will be driven with accelerated motion
through the train by the driving gear, thus working slowly during the cut
and rapidly while no cut is being made by the tool. The rest consists of
two parts, both of which have a bearing upon the main frame of the machine
at either end, so connected that the part which carries the tool may slide
forward upon the other part and upon the frame of the machine by means of
two inclined planes or wedges attached to the feeding or adjusting rod y which
is drawn in end by means of the nut and screw upon the end thereof when it
is desired to bring the tool up to its work, the other part of the rest being kept
firmly against a gib or friction plate z by the weight a acting by its lever
and connecting rod through the bent lever b, bearing at one end against the
bar c, near its middle, and this bar bearing by two points against the
adjustable stays or stops d, d, made fast to that part of the rest. The gib z'
bears against the compound wedge e, e, which bears against shoulders upon the
main frame c at points near the ends of the rest, thus keeping the rest firm
upon the two ends of the main frame, and parallel to the axis of the roll.
f, f, are two slides to be adjusted against the shoulders of the roll to support
it in position endwise, and against which the journals of the roll are kept
firmly by means of the boxes g, g, adjustable by wedges, as seen in the
Drawing. Upon the forward part of the rest the tool is screwed fast, resting
back against a shoulder as seen, and it is forced up against its work by
means of the nut upon the rod y', the rear part of the rest remaining
permanently in position against the gib . In modelling irregular grooves
suits of cams are placed upon the rim of the driving wheel p', between the
ledges shown in the Drawing, and fastened with bolts through the slots there
seen. The general construction of these cams may be seen at Figures 13
and 14. Figure 13 exhibits the construction for working upon the wedge so
as to drive forward the tool; Figure 14, a construction for working back the
wedge so as to bring back the tool. Their specific forms, proportions, and
locations must be such in relation to the wedge and roll as to produce the
desired line of cut upon the roll eccentrically to its axis or centre by the tool,
which cut may take place while the rest with the tool is being driven forward

page_text: by the wedge, or while the wedge is being withdrawn and the tool moving
backward, or while the tool is at rest, the gib z being kept from moving in
end by means of the stay pieces . . bearing and sliding against the sides of
the frame, will prevent the wedge in its movement from imparting any lateral
motion to the rest. so that the cuts will be in a right line about the roll.
although eccentric to its axis. When it is desired to make cuts in other than
right lines, whether concentrically to the axis of the rolls or otherwise, there
should be affixed to the short neck of the roll a cam, ring, or collar, having
grooves in which cams can be made fast by means of bolts in slots, and corre-.
sponding nearly in size with the groove, which may be seen upon the nave of
the driving wheel p'. Upon either end of the tool rest should be placed an
adjustable shoe . upon which the cam should work. These cams may be of
the general construction shewn in Figure 13. Their specific form and position
should be such as to produce the desired line of cut upon the roll by working
in end the rest in their action upon the two shoes .. alternately, which it
will be seen may take place independent of the action of the wedges behind
the rest. It will be seen that in the arrangement of the mill the rolls are so
geared as to have the long neck of each at the opposite ends of the mill. This
arrangement renders it practical to turn the rolls in the lathe in a similar
manner, using the long neck for the driving gear in both rolls, and com-
mencing the cut at the point, and going towards the heel, which could not be
done if the long necks were arranged at the same end of the mill. Therefore
it follows that the general proceeding for turning either roll will be the same.
The tools with which the grooves are cut have a profile by which the form of
the grooves is more or less modified in all or nearly all cases in the process of
modelling the grooves, and where the sectional figure is irregular two tools are
required for turning the two grooves in the upper and lower roll, which,
although similar to each other in figure or profile, must be the converse of each
other when considered upon their face or cutting side. For example, it will be
observed that in the suit of grooves represented in Figure 9 the grooves 1, 1, in
both rolls are similar, varying in form and construction only in the fact that
in B for a short space between y and there is a short cut made for the
purpose of approximating in form to the rib upon one side of a bayonet, all
parts of both grooves with this single exception being cut with the same tool
and in the same manner, the roll being first turned concentrical upon its face,
and then the groove turned concentrically in both cases through its whole
length. Then for enlarging the groove from y" to the heel end, the same tool
is used in both cases, placing a cam of the general construction shewn in
Figure 13 upon the driving wheel of the lathe, in such position and of such

page_text: form as shall carry forward the tool from y³ to the heel end sufficiently to
make the desired enlargement as the cut progresses. Another cam of the
construction shown in Figure 14 is placed upon the driving wheel of in such
position as will draw back the wedge behind the rest before the full part of
the roll comes round to the tool, leaving the tool to pass on clear of the
concentric portion which is already finished, until it arrives at the heel of the
roll. where it should be so adjusted as to make a cut answering, as far as it
goes, the form of the cam which works up the wedge, and at each revolution
the artizan works forward the tool by the adjusting screws. thus making
successive cuts until the enlargement reaches back to or to the point
desired. Thus far both grooves are formed in precisely the same manner, but
the cut for the rib of the bayonet in B is afterward made with a tool having
a profile of the form represented at the bottom of the sectional figure. This
tool is worked out and in in the same manner as in making the enlargement
just described. using two cams as hefore, but the one driving forward the
wedge more obtuse than before. But going to the next groove 2. 2, of the
series it will be observed that the grooves are similar in form, but are the
converse of each other. All that part of the grooves in both from the point
end to the dotted line, which is concentric. may be cut with the same tool.
They should both be enlarged to some degree with the same tool and with
the same cam from at or about the dotted lines to the heel end of the pass,
similar to the process in 1. 1. after which the tool having a profile of nearly the
form indicated by the dotted lines at the heel is worked in with a still quicker
or more obtuse cam. But it will readily be seen that although one cam will
in this case serve for both grooves. there must be two tools, both alike in
profile, but each the converse of the other. Coming now on to the third pass
the proceeding is varied. but the rule is similar to the first pass. Up to the
point where the dotted lines are seen. both grooves are the same, and that
portion from the dotted line to the heel of the roll is enlarged with the same
tool and in the following manner-The cams for working the wedges behind
the rest are dispensed with. but other and suitable cams are used, one upon
the cam ring, at the short end of the roll, the other upon the nave of the
driving wheel, adjustable shoes, as at ³, being placed at either end, and the
cams located at such points as that one may impinge upon its shoe while the
tool passes that portion of the groove which it is desired to enlarge, the other
so as to impinge upon its shoe while the tool passes the blank part of the roll.
This latter-named cam should have its shoe so adjusted that it shall bring
the tool exactly into the line, where it will pass into the concentric groove
previously cut. The other cam should have its shoe so adjusted as that

page_text: the cam shall impinge upon it upon the arrival of the tool at the heel
end of the groove. The artisan then at the next revolution of the roll
sets out this shoc to the extent proper to produce a single cut of the
tool, which he repeats at each revolution, enlarging the groove in its
breadth, but not in its depth, by which the form of the section will be
flattened at its bottom, but retain the same curve at the sides, as indicated
by the dotted lines towards the heel of the third groove in T. The
two sides of the grooves are formed in the same manner by reversing the
position of the cams, afterwards dispensing with the side cams just described,
the heel of the groove is depressed somewhat, and somewhat modified in form
by a tool having a profile, represented by the dotted lines at the extreme end of
the groove, using the back wedges of the rest as heretofore described, the rib
being worked in No. 3 (B) the same as in No. 1, but with a more acuic cam,
consequently of greater length. For the pass 4, 4, the proceeding is the same
as with 2, 2, but with an additional combination. The central dotted lines
of the groove represent the size and profile of the tools used. but it will be
observed that the dotted lines represent the opening at the heel as considerably
larger. This is accomplished with the same tool, using the side cams upon
the adjustable shoes of the rest, in conjunction with the eccentric cams
behind the rest, thus enlarging the groove at the same time its depth is
increased. No. 5. 5, is modelled similarly to 3, 3; No. 6, 6. and 8, 8, similar
to 4, 4. For modelling the ninth pass. which is the finishing pass, further
modifications are, necessary. In B the groove is commenced by turning
concentrically upon the roll through its whole length, with a tool having the
form in profile represented by that portion of the dotted line between the two
long dotted lines at a, a, in the pass 10, 10, near the point of the bayonet:
then using a suit of suitable cams upon the wedges behind the rest, and a tool
with a thin end and acute from back, the groove is worked down to the bottom
to the desired depth for giving the desired height of rib upon the back of the
blade; then with a suit of cams having a quicker movement for the cut, a
tool having the profile and size indicated by the dotted lines nearest to but
not at the heel end, is worked into the roll, but this must be done in such
manner as that no part of the groove lying between the dotted line last
mentioned and the point of the bayonet shall be cut away to such extent
as to ruin the tapering form afterwards to be modelled thereby, using a
supplementary tool stock in a manner to be now described. For the better
understanding of this tool stock, reference may be had to Figures 15 and 16,
which are respectively fragmentary representations of a plan and elevation
of portions of the lathe and roll, with the cam ring and the neck thereof, with

page_text: the supplementary tool stock, representing the manner of its use and its
position. Figure 17 is a diagram, showing, in connection with the tool to be
used, the position of the axis relatively to the tool upon which it is made to
work or turn in modelling the groove. is the stand in which the tool
stock 15 is fitted to turn; this stand is screwed fast to the rest f, which must
be so modified as to admit it in the manner represented in the dotted lines in
Figures 15 and 16, where a portion of the stand surrounding the pivot of the
tool stock is seen extending forward underneath the front part of the roll;
m³ is the tool, shewn in full size in Figure 17. The axis upon which the tool
stock turns should be (in relation to the tool and the groove to be worked) in
a line with the point indicated at the crossing of the lines; n5, o5, the circular
part of the profile of the tool, as shewn by the representation of the tool in
full lines, forming one side of the groove towards the heel of the bayonet, the
full part of the circular line p representing the other side of the groove, the full
line q³, q, representing the surface of the roll, and the short full line parallel
thereto, and touching the point of the tool representing the bottom of the
groove, the circular part of the profile of the tool, as shewn by the representation
of the tool in dotted lines, forming one side of the groove, and the full part of
the circular line representing the other side of the groove at the point end
of the bayonet. To obtain the position of the point indicated for the axis at
the crossing of the lines and o, draw the two sections of the bayonet just
referred to upon the line q, q, representing the surface of the roll, and common
to both sections; draw another line at right angles to it, which line should
be common to and upon which both sections should be drawn centrally
therewith; draw the dotted line sparallel to the last-mentioned central line
at a distance from it equal to half the breadth of a bayonet at the point repre-
sented in the section towards the heel of the bayonet, then with one leg of a
dividers at that point of each section to which the point of the tool is represented
as coming in this Diagram find the position upon the lines, at which circle's
described from the positions indicated will touch or cross it and cross each
other. From these centres, through that crossing, produce the line n and o³
to a convenient extent; then with one leg of a dividers at the crossing of n
and o describe a portion of a circle with a radius equal to the distance
from the line of the axis of the tool stock to the centre of the pivot, upon
which the connecting rod u works and turns; then the distance between the
crossing of with n and o will be the distance through which the pivot of
the connecting rod u should traverse while the surface of the roll in which
the groove is to be modelled travels a distance equal to the distance in the
length of the bayonet blade from one of the sections to the other of the sections

page_text: first drawn from the line q, and represented in B from the point of the blade
down to the sections represented by the dotted line nearest towards but not at
the heel of the blade. And if there be placed upon the cam ring k³ a cam of
proper proportions, and there be attached to the connecting rod u, by a pivoted
connection on slide with shoes extending out, one of which may be worked
by the cam, so placed as to turn the tool from the position indicated in the
Diagram by the dotted lines to that indicated by the full lines, which is
equal to the distance between and o during the travel of the roll from
point to point, as before described, the necessary position for modelling one
side of the groove will be obtained. Then by means of another cam upon
the other side of the cam ring , and made to operate upon the other shoe of
the slide us, and placed to act while the tool passes the blank part of the roll,
the tool will be returned to its normal position, so that by another revolution
the same motion can be obtained by the first-mentioned cam. In this
proceeding the main rest of the lathe when properly adjusted remains
fixed, except the forward portion of it, which, with the stand and sup-
plementary tool stock, are fed forward by the screw and inclined planes, as in
other cases, the groove being formed, as will be seen, partly by the shape of
the tool and partly by the mere act of turning and swinging upon its axis in
the tool stock. When one side of the groove is formed the other side is
formed in a similar manner, but conversely. li will be observed that in this
proceeding the rolls must be necessarily scarred towards the point of the
bayonet, but as those scars fall only upon the outside of the dotted lines a, a,
no injury to the work produced arises therefrom. The portion of this groove
from the dotted line near the heel to the dotted line at the heel is finished out
with a tool after the manner of finishing out the heels of the grooves 6 and 8,
and at the bottom of the rib the groove is finished with a hand tool. For
modelling the rib upon T to form the flute upon the face of the bayonet, a
tool is used having a profile, indicated by the dotted lines near that end of the
rib represented by the circular line. This tool is made to cut eccentrically as
desired, using a suit of cams and the wedge e behind a rest; a portion of the
rib lying beyond the circular termination, shewn upon the Drawing towards
the heel, is then cut down to a plane with a tool having a straight line of
edge, leaving the end of the rib of an imperfect form, which is afterwards
perfected by a tool represented in plan and elevation in Figure 18, being a
tool stock, which may be attached permanently to the rest of the lathe.
The tool is fitted to turn in the stock by means of a handle attached to it,
as shewn in the Drawing; y is another handle attached to a screw, which
also turns in the stock w upon an axis in the same line of the axis upon

page_text: which the tool a turns. In the other end of the screw from the handle y³ is
bored a step, into which the end of the tool is pivoted. The upper half
of the cylindrical tool is cut away to its centre, as represented in the section
of it shewn in the Figure, as turned up ninety degrees of a circle from its
normal position at . The end of this tool has a profile just like one half of
the tool with which the rib is turned, and is set in a corresponding position on
the rest; the roll is turned to the desired position in the lathe, and held
permanently there, when the operator taking the handle y turns the screw
half a revolution, and allows it to remain there; then with the adjusting
screw of the latter he sets the rest with the tool forward to the proper position
to make a cut, which he does by taking hold of the handle made fast to the
tool, and turning the tool up a little more than ninety degrees of a circle;
he then returns the handle y to its normal position, and afterwards the
tool to its normal position, when he again screws forward the tool for
another cut, turns over the handle y, turns the tool as before, and so on
until the end of the rib is cut into the segment of a sphere, he then in the
same manner, but conversely, cuts the other side of the rib. Or the apparatus
may be so modified as to cut the whole end of the rib to a segment of a
sphere by turning the tool one hundred and eighty degrees of a circle.
Any remaining imperfection is then worked off with the tool having a straight
line of edge. The groove 10, 10, being the same as the groove 9, 9, is
worked in a similar manner. The groove 7 in B has the greater portion of it
formed in a manner similar to the grooves 9 and 10, it has, however, a
concentric termination beyond the dotted line farthest towards the end of the
blade, and it varies from the other grooves of similar form in having never
been turned entirely through the extent of the surface of the roll. The
backward cam shewn at Figure 14 being so placed as to commence moving
back the wedge behind the rest at the desired position, which is nearly in this
suit of grooves, the point indicated by the dotted line towards the point of the
bayonet, and the forward cam, Figure 13, being placed so as to set forward
the tool again in passing the blank part of the roll, which is just the reverse
of the manner of turning the pass 1, 1; but the tool is worked laterally by
the other set of cams working upon their shoes, as first described at groove 3,
the difference being that in 7 the tool is being withdrawn and the groove
getting more shallow as it increases in breadth, while in 3 it does not change.
The corresponding groove 7 in T is worked towards the point in the same
manner as in B. A concentric cut is then made in a similar manner to the
cuts in 9 and 10, but with a quicker cam, so as that the cut shall not be

page_text: made through the entire length of the pass, but so as to form a rib, as
indicated at the dotted lines near the circular termination of the rib, but not
so small a circle in section as in 9 and 10. The end of this rib and the heel
of this pass are worked in the same manner as in 9 and 10, with the tool
represented in Figure 18; another tool, having in profile a straight line of
cut is then used with a forward and back movement of the wedge behind the
main rest f', commencing the cut a little beyond the concentric groove
working in and out during the cut, and finishing it before reaching the
circular termination of the rib, as seen in the Drawing. The wedge e, e,
seen in Figure 10, is of two parts, and so constructed that the part upon
which the cams act directly may work within the other, which for the time
being remains stationary with the frame c', or the two parts of the wedge
may be made fast together, and both worked together. The two parts
having different angles of inclination will produce different lines of concen-
tricity by the same cams, thus obtaining the desired results with fewer suits
of cams.
In the continuation of the forging and for the purpose of swageing off in
forging bayonets and other similar work it is contemplated to use a common
eccentric hammer with some novel appurtenances, instead of a drop hammer
as is frequently practised, and for this purpose the construction is as follows,
viz. The connecting rod instead of being jointed to the die should be
detached in so far as to allow the connecting rod to work forward without
carrying forward the die, but so as always to bring back the die after it is
thrown forward (or the die may be brought back by a spring) the die being
provided with a suitable shoulder to receive the end of the connecting rod upon
it and the end of the connecting rod being jointed to a lever. The connection
is by the lever made or broken at pleasure as far as throwing forward the die is
concerned, but the die always returns with the connecting rod. If the eccentric
runs slowly the die holds on to the work too long, if it runs quickly it will
be found difficult for the operator to make a blow exactly at pleasure.
To obviate these difficulties this new mode of operation has been invented,
viz. Upon the eccentric shaft is a cam turning uniformly with it, this cam
actuates a lever which has a jointed attachment to the end of the pitman or
connecting rod, so that when the lever is permitted to work down upon the
cam by means of a spring or weight it will as it descends bring the end
of the pitman upon the shoulder of the die and carry it forward (the cam
being in proper relation to the eccentric for that purpose) and the die will
thus be brought to its work. The cam is duly formed to act upon the lever

page_text: so that after the blow is struck it will by positive action take off the pitman
from the shoulder and return it to its original position. Now this lever at its
extreme backward movement is caught by a spring hook and held there so
that it cannot go down again, but this spring hook is furnished with a bolt or
latch and the cam is furnished with another cam upon it or moving in conjunc-
tion with it, to the action of which the bolt or latch may be brought so as to
have the secondary cam unhook the lever and get the blow when wanted. The
bolt or latch is brought into position by a catch so arranged as that it. the catch,
shall be disengaged at substantially the same time the hook is, and this bolt or
latch being always held to its normal position by a spring will, when the catch is
disengaged, move instantly out of the track of the secondary cam, and the hook
being held to its normal position by a spring will be quite sure to catch up
the lever at its extreme backward movement, and thus hold the connection
broken between the connecting rod and the die so far as any forward move-
ment is concerned. It will be observed that this adjunct to the eccentric
hammer is somewhat complex: but it will also be observed that none of this
complexity enters into the arrangement by which the labor of the blow is
performed. All that remains substantially as before, the new device indicating
when the work shall be done and limiting it to a single blow. If, however,
more than one and less than any given number of blows be desired, it will at
once be seen that by slight changes any desired number may be determined.
For a better understanding of these appurtenances reference may be had to
Figure 19, which is a side elevation, and Figure 20, which is a front elevation
of these contrivances, there being shewn below the elevation in Figure 20
a fragmentary plan of some of the mechanism. a is the main frame of
the machine; b, the driving pulley, serving as a fly; c, the eccentric shaft;
do, do, do, connecting rods; e", e", e, e, slides with dies attached; f, f, &c.,
stationary dies made adjustable by means of screws in all directions. Through
the connecting rods are mortices. through which pass hooks or arms extending
from the slide e", so as always to bring back the die by the slide at each back-
ward movement of the connecting rod; is the main cam, and han
auxiliary cam fixed upon it, and turning uniformly with it; 6 is an arm or lever
actuated by the main cam made fast upon the shaft . Upon the same shaft
is another arm k, and when a single hammer only is used this arm is made
fast upon the shaft 6, having its outer end connected to the outer end of the
connecting rods do, and furnished with a stout spring 10; m" is a strut, having
a shoulder or catch near its upper end, upon which the armrests by the
force of the spring 16. The lower end of the strut is jointed to an adjustable

page_text: plate, and furnished with a spring n. which bears it up to its position
under i connecting with m". so as to turn with it, is an arm extending
upwards, so that the sliding bolt of may pass through it and through the
strut, and having in each a bearing in which it can slide freely. This
bolt is furnished with a stop collar made fast with a set screw upon it,
and between the stop collar and the strut is a spiral spring bearing the
collar up against the arm: p" is a rock shaft, upon which is made fast. the
arm q. and upon this arm within a mortice is jointed the latch . There is
also made fast upon this rock shaft an arm s, to which is connected the
lever. The latch is furnished with a spring af made fast. upon q, which
bears it up against a stop on q. This rock shaft should have one of its
arms furnished with a spring and stop to maintain it. in its normal position
when not acted upon by the lever tf, but so that the operator can turn it away
from the strut by depressing the lever . thus bringing the latch against the
bolt of, and thrusting it forward so as to be impinged upon by the auxiliary
cam . which will swing out the strut m" removing its shoulder from under i.
which by the power of the spring m will be made to follow down upon the
cam . when the cam through its connections will bring the outer end of
the connecting rod upon the shoulder of the slide e, when by the revolution
of the eccentric the slide with the die will carry down the shoulder upon its
work. giving the desired blow, and in the continuation of the revolution the
connecting rod will draw back the slide by the hooked arm while the cam g
raises up the lever to its normal position. and the strut. m will by the power
of the spring he returned to its normal position, because that notwith-
standing the operator shall still continue to keep the lever depressed the bolt of
will escape from the latch at the same time or immediately after the time
that the shoulder upon m is clear of the lever . and the spiral spring upon
the bolt of will return it to its normal position, and the spring n will return the
catch to its normal position. as before described, overcoming the power of
the lighter spring by the pressure of the bolt upon the latch . When
the operator takes his hand from the lever . the rock shaft p will return to
its normal position, clearing the latch from the bolt, when the latch will be
returned to its normal position by the power of the spring . When it is
desired to work a gang of two or more hammers from a single eccentric shaft
and with a single set of cams with the apparatus working directly upon them
the modification will be different from the method employed, whereby a single
hammer is used. When more than one hammer is used in the same con
nection, the arm should be made to turn freely upon the arm, and

page_text: stop 2 should be made fast upon j, so that may rest back against it in onc
direction, each one of the gang or series being furnished in the same manner
with its own arm and stop and with its own spring, like 16, bearing upon it in
the same manner, and each should be furnished with a hook n attached by a
pivot to the frame of the machine, and furnished with a spring to bear it up
upon the catch at the end of . The arms should be loose also upon the
rock shait q, and furnished with a stop made fast upon the shaft, similar to z.
This arms should extend out over n, so that when the lever is depressed
it will cast off the hook n from the arm k. It should also be furnished with
an adjustable screw coming down upon its stop made fast to q, so that at the
same time the hook n is relieved from the rock shaft will be turned,
throwing forward the bolt, and producing the same motions as in the single
machine, letting down the arm upon the cam by the power of the spring
acting upon the particular arm detached from the particular hook acted upon,
bringing its particular connecting rod upon its particular slide carrying down
the die, and returning it in the same manner described in the single machine,
but producing no movement of the other dies with their connection in the
gang, the arm of all the others being kept in their normal position by their
respective hooks n².
;
In giving to bayonets with facility and certainty a uniform temper, I use
for henting to harden, a suitable furnace and pan for holding and heating some
suitable medium. Lead will do well. When the lead is melted in the pan
1 introduce into it a propeller with a casing and sort of trough (the propeller
being sustained and driven by motive power from without), and so cased as to
generate a current through the trough, the whole having such relation to the pan
as that the current which passes one way through the trough shall return the
other way through the pan, and around and outside of the trough, so that the
lead in its backward passage shall pass over all the heating surface of the pan
before coming to the propeller. Now the propeller renders the whole medium
homogeneous by its stirring action, and then impels it in a current into and
through the trough. In this current the blade is immersed to heat, with the
heaviest end next the propeller. so that the most heat will be obtained where
there is the most metal to heat. By this mode of operation all the medium
passes over all parts of the heating surface, taking up heat from all parts
where the heat is greater than its own, and after being made quite homogeneous
by the propeller passing the entire length of the blade, imparting to it of the
heat so taken up quite uniformly, and yet the heat being always greatest in
the medium at that portion of the trough where the blade is heaviest. For

page_text: quenching the blade when properly heated I use any suitable liquid as a
cooling medium with pan, propeller with casing, and the trough, but outside
the pan a cooler, all in a similar manner to the heating, but conversely; the
cooler being in place of the fire, and the medium being coldest where the
blade is heaviest. When water only is used for quenching, it is most con-
venient to introduce a jet of it of low temperature somewhere between the
trough and pan where the current is towards the propeller, and by which the
jet will in circulation become uniformly incorporated with the mass, and then
pass the blade, cooling it uniformly, the trough being provided at that end
where it delivers into the pan with a waste pipe or weir, so as to pass off so
much semi-heated water there is of the cool water flowing in.
For drawing the temper of bayonet blades and other like articles requiring
like temper, the same arrangement precisely will do that is used in heating to
harden. A less degree of heat of course will be necessary, and in some cases it
will be well to use metals flowing with a low heat, and where it is desirable to
draw the temper but little after hardening, it is convenient to use as a medium
atmospheric air, but when this is used of course it must be substantially enclosed
throughout. When the pieces to be tempered are of such figure as to be
heaviest at the two ends and lightest in the middle, the currents must be
modified accordingly; and so of any other similar irregularity. In some cases
it may be desirable to harden most intensely where the work is thickest,
and this result may be obtained by concentrating a superabundance of heat
upon the thick part, and conversely in the cooling process. So also if it be
desirable to draw the temper lowest at any particular point, a superabundance
of heat may be thrown there; and thus by suitably modifying the apparatus to
any particular manufacture, the master will be able to control the result to any
desired extent.
For a better understanding of this mode of operation, reference may be had
to Figures 21, 22, and 23, which are respectively a plan, front elevation, and
side elevation; and Figure 24, which is a sectional view of the heating furnace
with its appurtenances, the whole being modified more particularly for tem-
pering bayonet blades. is the furnace, furnished with a suitable chimney,
and if need be with a wind box e under the grate of the furnace, into which
blast may be introduced; is a pan, resting upon the brickwork of the
furnace in such manner as to have nearly its entire outer surface exposed to
the action of the fire which is upon the grate beneath it. In this pan is the
heating medium. When this heating medium is in a fluid state, the propeller
with its casing and trough, through which and by which the proper circulation

page_text: of the heating medium is to be secured and maintained, is introduced into it by
taking hold of the lever, and raising it with its balancing weight, so as to move
down the sliding frame z. sliding upon ways (permanently attached to the outer
casing of the furnace), and taking with it the propeller with the apparatus for
giving motion to it, and with its casing and trough, all of which are attached
to, where it is suitably secured or made fast. The casing and trough, when
introduced into the pan. should leave a space between the casing and trough,
so that the heating medium, which by the motion of the propeller shall be
made to flow upward through the openings a, a, and to flow out through the
horizontal troughs b, b, may return between the trough and the pan to the
central openings in the casing of the propeller near the lowest bottom of the
pan, the sides of the troughs and the ends of them which are at the openings a
rising above the heating medium, so that the medium must pass out at the
opposite ends of the trough from which it enters. Into the current of the
heating medium flowing through these troughs bayonet blades may be plunged
with their heaviest ends towards the apertures d', a. If need be, the lower
journal box of the propeller, represented and seen at c, Figure 22, may be
provided with an inner passage, as represented by the dotted lines, through
which water may be made to flow by attaching a flexible ingress pipe to one
of the nipples represented upon the box and a flexible egress pipe to the
other; this will relieve the journal from any injury which may be occasioned
by having too much heat communicated to it from the heating medium.
Figures 25 and 26 are respectively a plan and elevation representing a
modification of this principle for the purpose of quenching bayonet blades or
other articles when it is desired to use a stratum of oil upon the top of the
cooling medium through which they may be plunged, and shewing also a
manner by which two or more pans or vats may be worked in connection with
one cooling apparatus. d. d, are the outer pans; e, e, the inner ones, there
being a space between the two all round and at the bottom through which
the cooling medium may flow; f. f. is a pipe over which water may be
made to flow for the purpose of cooling the medium passing within the pipe.
Branches g, g, towards one end of this pipe pass through the outer pan
towards the top of the vessel, and communicate with the inner one, while the
branches, h, from the other end of the pipe communicate at its bottom
with the outer pan. Each of the branches h is furnished with a stop-cock;
each of the pans is furnished with a propeller driven by and upon the shaft i
and each may be furnished with a thermometer having its bulb in the cooling
medium in the pans. Above the propeller with its casings, and towards the

page_text: bottom of the inner pan, is a disk full of holes, and through the sides of the
inner pan, towards its top, are provided holes, and through the bottom of
the inner pan, which constitutes a part of the casing to the propeller, is a
central hole. The holes in the upper casing of the propeller being at the
outer sweep of the propeller, it (the propeller) will, by its motion, force up
the cooling medium through the small holes of the disk plate, out through the
holes towards the upper part of the inner pan, and down between the two
pans through the central hole at the bottom of the inner pan, thus keeping up
the circulation without disturbing the stratum of oil on top of the cooling
medium. But in using the apparatus, if the cooling medium becomes heated
to a greater degree than is desirable, the cock h may be opened, when a cir-
culation may be induced through the pipe f, thus reducing its temperature
to the desired degree.
Figure 27 shows a plan and elevation of a modification when water only is
used for quenching, consisting of an outer pan or vat 7, having in it a
partition running nearly its whole length, and furnished with a propeller so
cased and worked as to induce a circulation, indicated by the arrows. is
a supply pipe furnished with a cock; F, a waste weir; m, a thermometer.
The work is plunged in the long open space between the partition and the
side of the trough with the thickest or heaviest end towards that end of the
space where the current enters it from the propeller and at the opposite end
from the weir; this temperature may be modified by so adjusting the cock as
to admit more or less water.
Having thus described the nature of the said improvements, and means
which I find to answer well in carrying the same into effect, I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown and
described, as these may be varied; but what I do claim, is,
The arrangement and construction of the rolling mill, substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
Combining with a rolling mill an automatic mechanism for presenting the
work to the rolls, substantially as described.
The system of grooves having concentric terminations to the shaping
portions whereby the work is shaped and drawn. substantially as described.
The lathe, substantially as described, for modelling eccentric irregular
grooves in rolls by the combined action of the lathe and the cutting profile
of the tool.
The auxiliary, mechanism of the crank hammer or hammers, arranged to
operate substantially as described.

page_text: s described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this 22nd day of June, 1864.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)