CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES APPLIED TO WINDOWS, DOORS, AND SHUTTERS
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
COTTERILL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the ninth year' of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edwin Cotterill, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority
that I, the said Edwin Cotterill, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edwin Cotterill, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES APPLIED TO
WINDOWS, DOORS, AND SHUTTERS," part of which have been communicated to me
by a certain foreigner residing abroad, and part invented by myself; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Edwin Cotterill,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
anniear

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edwin Cotterill, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
The Invention consist, firstly, of an improved door lock; secondly, of
improved door latches; thirdly, of improved. door bolts; fourthly, of an
improved axis for doors, or for windows opening in the manner of doors;
fifthly, of an improved adjusting spindle for door knobs; sixthly, of improved
door springs; seventhly, of an improved sash fastener; eighthly, of an
improved rack pulley; ninthly, of an improved night bolt; tenthly, of an
improved padlock; eleventhly, of an improved door knocker; twelfthly, of
an improved door bell; and lastly, of an improved roller for roller blinds.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 represent one of my improved locks.
Figure 1 represents a plan of the case and parts of the lock; Figure 2 repre-
sents a plan of the whole of the parts excepting the back plate of the lock,
which is removed in order to exhibit the mechanism. Figure 3 represents a
plan of the lock bolt; and Figure 4 represents a side view of the same.
Figure 5 represents a plan of the latch bolt and its springs; and Figure 6
represents a side view of the latch bolt. Figure 7 represents the key. a, b, c,,
are spring tumblers, which resemble in their action those of ordinary locks;
the projections a, b, c, of the said tumblers, when the several parts of the,
lock are in the positions represented in Figures 1 and 2, prevent the shooting
of the lock bolt by being opposed to the projections d, e, of the said lock bolt
(see Figures 3 and 4). The case of the lock is so formed, that when the lock
bolt, Figures 3 and 4, is laid therein the sides of the said case form guides or
supports in which the said bolt slides. By reference to Figure 2, in which the
lock bolt, Figures 3 and 4, is represented by blue lines in its place in the lock,
the manner in which it slides in the case f will be evident. 9, 9, is a groove.
formed in the middle and through the whole length of the lock bolt, Figures 3
and 4, in which groove the latch bolt, Figures 5 and 6,, slides. The position
of this bolt in the lock is represented by red lines in Figure 2. m, m,
Figure 5, are helical springs, which throw out the latch bolt, Figures, 5 and 6;
i is a spring on the latch bolt, which when on the said bolt is, withdrawn,
slides in the small groove in the lock bolt, Figures. 3 and 4, and when the
said latch bolt is thrown out the said spring presses against the interior of the
receiving box or box staple, into, which both bolts enter. Since both the lock
bolt and latch 'bolt shoot into the same receiving box or box staple, and since

page_text: the latch bolt slides within the lock bolt, the said latch bolt would not be in
contact when shot out with the said box staple, by the thickness of that part of
the lock bolt in which it slides (see the dotted line, Figure 4), it is therefore
necessary to introduce the spring i, which by its elasticity gives as it were the
requisite additional thickness to the latch bolt when shot out to bring it in
contact with the said box staple j. Figures 1 and 2 is the spindle of the door
knob; this spindle carries an arm or plate k, on which is fixed the roller ..
When the latch bolt, Figures 5 and 6, is put in its place, it is supported and
guided by the lock case and the lock bolt, (see Figure 2, in which the said-
latch bolt is represented in red lines.),1, 1, Figures 5 and 6, are two projec-
tions on the under side of the latch bolt. When the door knob and spindle j
are turned, the roller comes in contact with one of the projections 1, 1, and
pressing against the said projection withdraws or forces the latch bolt back.
When the hand is removed from the door knob the elasticity of the helical
springs m, m. (which had been compressed when the bolt was withdrawn) again-
forces the said bolt, and roller , and spindle j into the position shewn in the
Drawing. The two projections 1, 1, being exactly alike, and similarly situated
on opposite sides of the bolt, the said bolt is withdrawn whichever way the
door knob or handle is turned. The helical springs m, m, bear against two;
projections on the lock plate or cover. The position of these projections when
the lock plate is in its place is indicated at n, n, in Figure 2. When the key,.
Figure 7, is introduced into the lock and turned in the direction indicated by the
arrow, Figure 1, the tumbler a is raised and the tumblers b, c, depressed, and
the projections a, b, c, of the said tumblers, which, in the position represented
in the Drawing, prevent the motion of the lock bolt, by being opposed to the
sides d', e¹, of the projections d, e, are so far removed from the projections
d, e, to which they were opposed, that they no longer prevent the motion
of the bolt, and the key pressing against the projection o of the lock bolt.
shoots it forward. During the shooting forward of the bolt, the projec-
tion d of the bolt passes under the projection a¹ of the tumbler a, and the.
projection e of the bolt passes above the 'projections b, c, of the tum-
blers b, c.
When the bolt has been shot forward the tumbler a descends
and the tumblers b, c, ascend, and the projection a¹ of the tumbler a is.
opposed to the, end d" of the lock bolt, and the projections 6', c¹, of the
tumblers b, c, are opposed to the side e¹¹ of the projection e, and the with-
drawing of the bolt from the staple is prevented. When the key is turned in
the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow in Figure 1 the tumbler a;
is again raised and the tumblers b, c, depressed, and the key pressing against;
the projection o¹ of the bolt forces it back, or withdraws it from the staple p.

page_text: Figure 1 is a small bolt, which moves in a vertical direction, that is to say,
in a direction at-right angles to the direction of the motion of the lock and
latch bolts. This bolt, is connected with a knob on the outside of the lock
case through a slot in the said lock case. When by pressing on the said
knob the small bolt p.is depressed, the projection p¹ on the said bolt is brought
opposite the projection 7 of the latch bolt, Figures 5 and 6, and the said latch
bolt is locked, that is to say, it cannot be withdrawn from its staple by a
person external to the room on the door of which the lock is placed. By
raising the knob of the bolt p, the latch bolt, Figures 5 and 6, is again
unlocked.
Figure 8 represents one of my improved latches. a, a, is the plate of the
latch; b, is the latch, which turns upon the axis c, fixed on the latch plate a;
The position of one of
The axis d carries two
d is an axis, on each end of which a knob is affixed.
these knobs is indicated in the Drawing by a red line.
curved arms or levers e, e. fis a roller on the lever or latch b; g is a helical
spring, partly contained in the case h. The said spring presses against the
latch b, and tends to keep it in the position represented in the Drawing.
When the knob of the axis d is turned in either direction, one of the curved
arms or levers e, e, depresses the roller f, and with it the end of the latch to
which it is affixed. The depression of that end of the latch occasions the
elevation of the other end, and releases the latch from the catch in which it
was previously engaged. The raising of the latch compresses the spring g,
and when the hand is removed from the knob, the elastic force of the said
spring depresses the end of the lever on which it operates, and brings the
several parts into the positions represented in the Drawing. This latch may
be locked or fastened, so that it cannot be raised by a person outside of the
room to the door of which it is affixed, by the bolt represented at h. This
bolt when moved horizontally to the left, by pressure of the finger upon the
projection h¹, is brought under the end 6 of the latch, and prevents the
motion of the said latch.
- Figure 9 represents, partly in horizontal section, one of my improved bolts,
and Figure 10 represents, in plan, a portion of the same. It consists of a case
a, in which the bolt 6 slides. c, c¹, are two slots in the case a. Through the
slot c the knob d is connected with the bolt b. The use of the slot c¹ is herein-
after explained. e is a wedge attached to the end of a rod f. This rod slides
in the tube g (passing through the knob ;) its motion is in a line at right
angles to that of the bolt's motion. The end of the wedge e is introduced into
a slot, b¹ in the bolt 6, which slot is represented in the Drawing by dotted lines
The wedge e also passes through the slot c¹ in the case a. That end of the

page_text: slot 6 against which the inclined surface of the wedge bears has the same.
inclination as the said inclined side of the wedge. By pressing on the knob h¹
the wedge e is pressed into the slot 6 of the bolt b, and the inclined side of
the wedge working against the inclined edge of the said slot 6 causes the
bolt 6 to move in a direction from left to right, and consequently to be with-
drawn from the staple in which it was engaged. On ceasing to press the
knob the elastic force of the spring i brings the several parts into the
positions represented in the Drawing. This bolt may be locked or fastened
so that it cannot be opened by a person outside of the room, to the door. of
which it is attached. The action of this part of my improved bolt will be best
understood by reference to the plan. Figure 10, 6 represents the end of the
bolt, and a the case of the said bolt; m represents a small bolt, which is con-
nected with the study on the outside of the case through the slot k. The
small bolt has motion in a direction at right angles to the direction of the
motion of the large bolt 6; 1 is a recess in the large bolt b, into which, when
the said bolt is withdrawn from its staple in the manner herein-before
explained, the projecting part m² of the small bolt m enters, and the said end
of the small bolt offers no obstruction to the motion of the large one. When
the stud j is pressed so as to bring the projecting end m¹ of the small bolt m
opposite that part of the large bolt 6 marked b¹, the said large bolt b can no
longer be moved.
Figure 11 represents one of my improved lift latches, which is suitable for
doors opening either on the right or on the left. a, a, represents a continuous
metallic plate, to which the latch 6 is jointed, and to which the guide c of the
latch is also attached. The middle part of the plate a, which connects the
ends of the said plate together, is so narrow. (as seen by the dotted lines
representing its breadth) that it does not interfere with the action of the
thumb lifter (such as is represented in Figure 16), which is used to lift the
latch 6, the said latch being broader than the middle part of the plate a.
c is a screw on which the latch 6 rests, and 6 is a hole in which the screw c
is put when it is intended to use the latch 6 on a door which opens on the
right. The latch in Figure 11 is represented in the position which it occupies
on a door opening on the left,. in which position the screw c is required to
arrest the latch when it has so far descended as to have acquired a horizontal
position. When the latch, Figure 11, is turned round, so as to assume the
position it would have on a door opening on the right, the latch would be
altogether inverted, and the screw c in the inverted position of the latch would
prevent the latch b' from raising above a horizontal position. The screw c is
therefore, in the case supposed, removed from the hole in which it is screwed,

page_text: as represented in the Drawing, and introduced into the hole 6', which is now
below the latch, and the said screw again forms a support for the latch. The
figure of the latch being the same both on its upper and lower edges, the
moving of the screw is the only change necessary to adjust the latch either to
a right or left handed door. A small bolt d, by being pushed into the recess d'
in the guide c, bolts the latch.
Figure 12 represents another of my improved lift latches, the back of the
case being removed in order to shew the interior of the same. a is a latch of
the form shewn in the Drawing; this latch turns upon the axis b. c is the
axis to which the knob used in lifting the latch is attached; d is a plate affixed
to the said axis c; e is a stud or pin on the plate d, which stud or pin, when
the latch is in the position shewn in the Drawing, is opposed to a projection f
on the under side of the latch a; g is a small lever turning on an axis affixed
to the lock case; one end of this lever bears against a pin or stud h on the
under surface of the latch a, and the other end, when the several parts of the
latch are in the position shewn in the Drawing, bears against the stud or pin e
on the plate d. When the knob of the axis c is turned in the direction
indicated by the arrow, the stud e presses against the projection f on the latch a
and raises the said latch; and if the said knob is turned in the direction
opposite to that indicated by the arrow in the Drawing, the stud e raises that
end of the small lever g, against which it presses and depresses the other end
of the said lever; the depressed end of the said lever bearing against the stud h
of the latch depresses the same and thereby raises the latch, that is to say,
whichever way the knob of the latch is turned the said latch is raised. When
the hand is removed from the knob, the spring i brings the latch back into the
position shown in the Drawing. j is a stop to limit the motion of the latch;
k is a small bolt, which may be moved horizontally by a stud on the outside of
the case. When pushed to the left, the said bolt enters a recess in the latch,
and thereby prevents the motion of the latch; when by moving the bolt to
the right the said bolt is withdrawn from the recess in question, it no longer
interferes with the motion of the said latch. This method of locking or
preventing the motion of the said latch so nearly resembles the methods
herein-before described with reference to the lock, Figures 1 and 2, and the
latches, Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, that I deem a more particular description
unnecessary.
.
Figure 13 represents a view of the end of the latches a, a, Figures 12 and
14, and of the staple in which the said latches engage.
Figure 14 represents a modification of the latch last described. a is the
latch connected with the circular plate b; the said latch and plate are repre-

page_text: sented in the Drawing in red lines. c is a projection on the under side of the
plate b; and d is a pin or stud, also on the under side of the said plate b; e is
the axis to which the door knob is attached; this axis carries two arms or
levers ff. 9 is a lever turning on an axis affixed to the latch case; one end
of this lever bears against the projection c of the plate 6; the other end of the
said lever is immediately under the arm or lever f of the axis of the door knob,:
The arm or lever f¹ of the said axis bears against the projection d of the plate b..
When the door knob and axis e are turned in the direction indicated by the
arrow in the Drawing, the arm f¹ of the said axis e depresses the pin or stud d,.
and thereby produces the partial rotation of the plate 6 and raises the latch a.
When the hand is removed from the door knob the spring h brings the several
párts into the position in which they are represented in the Drawing. If the
door knob and axis e are turned in a direction opposite to that indicated by the
arrow in the Drawing, the arm or lever f depresses that end of the lever g.
with which it is in contact, and consequently raises the other end of the said
lever; the raised end of the said lever 9 bearing against the projection c;
produces a partial rotation of the plate b, and thereby raises the latch a;. the
latch a may be bolted by a small bolt at a¹. As the action of this bolt exactly
resembles that of several bolts herein-before particularly described I do not
deem a description of it necessary.
Figure 15 represents another of my improved door latches. a, a, is the case.
of the latch, the form of which is such that it constitutes a guide or support in
which the bolt 6 slides; c is the axis to which the door knob is attached; d is.
a plate attached to the axis c; this plate carries an axis e, on which the roller f
works. g, g', are projections on the under side of the bolt 6; if the door knob
is turned in the direction indicated by the arrow in the Drawing, the roller f.
presses against the projection g and forces back the bolt b; if the (loor knob is.
turned in the direction contrary to that indicated by the arrow in the Drawing,
the roller presses against the projection g¹ and forces back the bolt 6, that is,
to say, whichever way the door knob is turned the bolt 6 is forced back or:
withdrawn from its staple. When the hand is removed from the door knob
the helical springh (shown in dotted lines) brings the several parts into the
positions shown in the Drawing. The spring / bears against a projection on.
the top plate of the case; the position of this projection is indicated in dotted.
lines at i. The end 6¹ of the bolt b is inclined, as seen in the Drawing..
Figure 16 represents my improved thumb latch, to be used either in con-
nection with the ordinary latch, or with the latch represented in Figure 11.
This thumb latch differs from the ordinary thumb latch only in respect of the
position of the thumb plate a, which in the ordinary thumb latch is situated in

page_text: the same line as the arm or lever b, or very nearly so. In my improved thumb
latch the thumb plate â is situated in a line at right angles to that of the arm
or lever b, as represented in the Drawing.
Figure 17 represents an instrument or apparatus to be attached to doors or
to windows opening in the manner of doors, that is to say, turning on a vertical
axis. a is a case to be let into the floor of the room or the bottom of the window
frame; b is a bolt, sliding in the case a, and carrying at one end the roller c;
this bolt is urged forward by the helical spring d. e is the axis of the door
or window, on the lower end of which axis the indented wheel f is fixed.
When the axis is turned, by the opening of the door or window, the roller c
is pressed into the indentations on the wheel f, and if the said window or door
be left open at any angle at which the roller c is situated in one of the said
indentations, the said window or door will be retained in that position with a
force dependant on the strength of the spring d.
Figure 18 represents my improved adjusting spindle for door locks and
latches, that is to say, a spindle which can be lengthened or shortened, so
as to suit doors of different thicknesses. a represents the square spindle,
which has a cylindrical opening through the whole or part of its length..
This cylindrical opening is furnished with a concave thread, which corresponds
to the convex thread on the screw b. The square spindle a passes through
a square opening in the neck of the knob c into the interior of the said
knob; by turning the screw b, it may be made to enter a greater or less
distance into the spindle a, and carrying with it the knob c, that part of the
said spindle a which is external to the said knob is lengthened or shortened.
Figure 19 represents one of my improved arm springs for doors. In the arm
spring; as commonly made, the spring, by the elasticity of which the arm is
made to close the door, is connected at one end with an axis attached to the
door frame, and at the other directly with the said arm. In my improved arm
spring the coiled spring is connected at one end with an axis (shewn in the
Drawing in dotted lines), and the said axis is affixed to arms on the plate a, which
said plate is attached to the door frame. The other end of the said spring is
connected with a spring box 6, and the arm c is attached to the said spring box.
Figure 19, A, represents a side view of the incline d, Figure 19, on which
incline the roller e, Figure 19, rolls. When the door is closed the roller e
rests in the depression on the top of the inclined plane. Instead of affixing
a roller at the end of the arm in my improved arm spring, and causing
the said roller to roll on a plane inclined or otherwise, as herein-before
described, I sometimes connect the end of the said arm directly to the door, as
represented in Figure 20, in which Figure a represents the arm; b, the joint

page_text: which connects the said arm a with the plate c, which said plate is fixed on the
door. When the end of the arm is thus fixed to the door it is necessary to
construct the said arm in such a manner that it may lengthen or shorten. The
construction by which this may be effected. is. represented at d, e.. d is a
tube into which the arm a enters, and by sliding in which the said arm is
virtually lengthened or shortened; e is a helical spring, which is placed on the
tube d, and which presses against the bottom of the said tube and the end of
the arm a.
Figure 21 represents my improved door bolt. This door bolt fastens the
door, to which it is attached in two places, that is to say, there are two bolts
moving in lines at right angles to one another, and both bolts are shot out at
the same time. a and b are the bolts, sliding in grooves or guides formed by
the case c; d is an axis, to which the knob or handle for bolting the door is
attached; e, e, are two cranks affixed to the said axis d; f, f, are links con-
necting the bolts a, b, with the cranks e, e¹. When the knob or handle affixed
to the axis d is turned in the direction indicated by the arrow in the Figure the
motion of the cranks e, e¹, and connecting links f, f, withdraws the bolts a, b,
from their staples. On turning the knob or handle in the direction contrary to
that indicated by the arrow in the Figure the bolts a and b will be again shot.
out into the position represented in the Drawing. The bolt a shoots into a
staple in the door case, and the bolt 6 shoots into a staple in the floor; the bolt b
may, however, be placed on the upper side of the case and may be made to shoot
upwards, in which case it will shoot into a staple in the top of the door case.
Figure 22 represents a plan, and Figure 23 an elevation, of an improved
door spring. a is an arm or lever, attached by a joint 6 to the case c; the
said case is let into the floor of the room, to the door of which the spring is
attached. The end of the lever a has a semicircular form, as shewn in Figure.
22, and each end of the arms or branches a¹, a¹¹, forming the semicircle, is
inclined, as represented in Figure 23. d is the axis of the door; e is an arm or
lever, attached to the lower end of the said axis; f is a roller working on the
semicircular end of the arm or lever a; g is a helical spring, which presses the
arm or lever a upwards. The inclined and curved arms a¹, a", on which the
roller f works being pressed upwards against the said roller, the several parts
can only be in equilibrium when the roller f is at the bottom of the said.
inclines a¹, a", that is to say, when it is upon that part of the arm or lever a:
marked h.
When the door is opened in either direction the roller f in rolling on the
inclined surfaces of a', a", and by depressing the same, compresses the spring 9,
the reaction of the said spring pressing the incline a' or a¹¹ against the said

page_text: roller tends to bring it again to the part marked h, and consequently to close
the door working on the axis d.
Figure 24 represents my improved sash fastener. a is an arm or lever,
turning upon a joint or axis b, this axis is supported on one of the window
sashes c by the support d. e is a roller supported by a frame f on the
other window sash g. The several parts of the window fastener are
represented in the Drawing in the positions which they occupy when the
window is fastened. When the window is unfastened the lever a is in a
vertical position, the curved end a¹ being held by the curved spring h.
When the lever a is in a vertical position the sash c may ascend or the sash g
may descend. When the sashes are in the position shewn in the Drawing,
that is to say, when the window is closed, the lever a may be brought from its
vertical position into the position shewn in the Drawing, in which position the
hooked or carved end a', by bearing against the roller e, prevents the opening
of the window. The lever a is held in its position by the arm i, the end of
which, when the lever is in a horizontal position, falls, into a notch in the said
lever and prevents its motion. In order to raise the lever a into a vertical
position and thereby unfasten the window, it is necessary to raise the arm i out
of the notch in the lever a. This may be done by raising the rod j attached
to the arm i. The said arm i may be raised and the lever a lifted into a vertical
position by grasping at the same time between the forefinger and thumb the
end of the lever a and the end of the rod j.
Figure 25 represents my improved rack pully for window blinds. a is a
metal plate to be attached to the window frame; b is a rack attached to the
back of the plate a; c is the pully over which the blind cord passes. This
pully is attached to a metal plate d, the edges of which are bent so as to
clip the edges of the plate a, the plate d thereby slides on the plate a. e is
a spring attached to the back of the plate d, and which passes through a slot
made in the whole length of the rack b. The broad end of the spring e engages
in the teeth of the rack b. f is a knob which is connected with the spring e;
by pressing this knob the spring e can be disengaged from the rack b. In
order to tighten the blind cord it is only necessary to depress the knob c', which
will cause the pully c and plated to descend; the spring e prevents the return
of the plate d. In order to raise the said plate d it is only necessary to press
the knob f, when the spring e will be disengaged from the rack b, and the
pully c and plated may be raised.
.
Figure 26 represents an improved door spring to be used in place of the
common arm spring. a is a hollow cylinder which slides on the plate 6; the
said plate 6 is attached to the door. A helical spring is contained partly in the

page_text: cylinder a and partly in the hollow piston c. d is a connecting link, serving to
connect the piston c with the knuckle e attached to that side of the door hinge
f which is fixed to the door case. The force of the spring in the cylinder a
and piston c is determined by causing the cylinder a to slide to a greater or
less distance from the door hinge f, and thereby compressing the said spring
to a greater or less degree. The screw g serves to adjust the position of the
cylinder a. h is a guide in which the cylinder a slides. When the door is
opened the piston c is forced in the cylinder a, and the spring contained therein
is compressed, and by its reaction tends to close the door.
Figure 27 represents another of my improved door springs to be used in
place of the common arm spring. a is a cylinder which is let into the door
frame in a horizontal position; this cylinder contains a spring, and is furnished
with a hollow piston a', as in the door spring last described. b is a lever
jointed at c to the cylinder a; d, d', are rollers on the ends of the lever b; the
roller bears against the door, and the roller d' bears against the hollow
piston a'.
When the door is opened the long arm of the lever 6 moves in the
direction indicated by the arrow in the Drawing, and the short arm of the
said lever presses the hollow piston a' into the cylinder a and compresses the
spring contained therein. The spring by its reaction tendes to bring the lever b
into the position shewn in the Drawing, that is to say, to close the door.
Figure 28 represents my improved night bolt. a is a spring bolt fixed on
the door on the inside of the room; this bolt, instead of shooting into an
ordinary staple, shoots on the closing of the door behind the vertical bolt b, the
inclined end of the bolt a sliding over the inclined side of the bolt 6. The
position of the bolts represented in the Drawing is that which they occupy
when the door is closed. It will be seen by reference to the Drawing that
the bolt a cannot shoot so far forward as to bring its end in contact with the
side of the case c, (the end of the bolt is represented in dotted lines) so long
as the bolt 6 is in the position represented in the Drawing. The cord d
passes to the bedside or to some distant part of the room, and when by
pulling the said cord the bolt b is raised, the bolt a shoots forward until its
end (shown in dotted lines) comes in contact with the side of the case c. The
door may now be opened, for there is nothing opposed to the passage of the
bolt a out of the case c. After the bolt has been raised and the bolt a shot
into the position last described, it is no longer necessary to hold the cord d,
for the projecting part a' of the bolt a has passed under the lower end of the
bolt b, and prevents its descent. When the door is opened the bolt a in
passing out of the case c allows the bolt to descend, and when the door is
closed again the inclined edge of the bolt a passes over the inclined side of the

page_text: bolt b, and shooting behind the said bolt 6, the several parts again assume the
position shewn in the Drawing.
Figure 29 represents, in plan, a door spring which may be easily connected
with or detached from the door at pleasure. It consists of a spring coiled in a
spring box, which spring and spring box are let into the upper part of the door
frame, a cord or tape wound round; the said spring box is connected with the
top of the door, and when the door is opened the said tape by uncoiling itself
from the spring box winds up the spring in the interior thereof, and when
the door is let at liberty the reaction of the said spring again coils up the tape
on the spring box and closes the door. a represents a fixed axis, to which
one end of the coiled spring is attached; the other end of the said spring is
connected with the spring box b, the interior upper edge of which is furnished
with the teeth c, c. d is a pinion fixed on the support e; f indicates in dotted
lines the outer case on which the tape is coiled; the toothed wheel g is fixed
on the under side of the top of the said case f; the pinion d engages both with
the wheel g and the teeth c, c. By the opening of the door and the uncoiling
of the tape from the outer casef, the said case is made to rotate, and its motion
is communicated through the pinion d to the spring box b; the spring in the
said spring box becomes thereby coiled up, and by its reaction tends to close
the door. A metal loop h at the end of the tape or cord may be attached to
the door or detached from it at pleasure by being placed on the pin i on
the top of the door or removed therefrom.
Figures 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36 represent my improved padlock.
Figure 30 represents a plan, and Figure 31 a vertical section of the principal
parts of the same. a, Figure 30, represents a circular bed, having a circular
groove 6 formed thereon; the said circular groove, it will be observed in the
Drawing, is not continuous, being interrupted by the small radial bars c, c, c;
it will further be observed that the said bars c, c, c, are each furnished with a
transverse groove or slit, and that if each of the said bars were pushed to a
particular distance from the centre of the bed a, the grooves or slits in the
said bars may be made to correspond with the circular groove 6 in the bed a,
and that in that case the said circular groove would be continuous. d, Figure 31,
is a circular plate which turns on the axis e. This plate has a projection
or rim f, which exactly corresponds with, and when the said plate d is pushed
down on the axis e enters into the groove in the bed a. The circular
projection or rim f is, however, not continuous, but is cut away or interrupted,
as shewn in the plan, Figure 32. Were it not for the interruptions in the said
projection or rim f it could only enter the groove in the bed a when the
bars c, c, were pushed out, so as to make the said groove continuous, but being.

page_text: b
cut away in places which correspond to the bars c, c, the plate d.can be pushed
down the axis e, and the projection or rim f enter the groove 6 when the bars
are in the position shown in Figure 30, but the said plate & cannot turn
round until the bars c, c, are pushed out, in the manner herein-before described.
When the key, Figure 36, is placed upon the axis e and pushed down thereon,.
the inclined edges c¹ of the bars c enter the depressions & in the said key, and
the said depressions are of such different depths, that when the key is pushed:
as far as it can be on the axis e, the bars c, c, are severally pushed out to the
distance necessary to bring their grooves in connection with the groove on the.
bed a, and make the said groove continuous; on turning round the key, Figure 36,
the whole of the parts shown in Figures 30 and 31 excepting the plate d,
Figure 31, may be turned round, when the key is withdrawn from the axis e, the
bed a and plate d are so situated with regard to each other, that the inter-
ruptions in the rim or projection f are directly over the bars c, c, and the said:
bars are immediately forced inwards into the positions represented in Figure 30.
by the helical springs g. 9; the groove 6 being no longer continuous, the bed a
and plate & are locked together, that is to say, one cannot rotate without the,
other. The whole of the mechanism, Figures 30 and 31, is introduced into a
case, of which the front is represented in Figure 33. The back of the said case;
is a flat plate screwed thereon; the three pins h, h, h, of the plate d (see also:
Figure 32) pass into the three holes i, i, i, in the case, Figure 33, and hold:
the said plate while the bed a with the bars c, c, c, and springs g can turn,.
when the key is introduced on the axis e, through the keyhole 7. k, Figures:
31 and 35 is a rim on the bottom of the bed a; this rim is not continuous, but.
is cut away at the part marked l. m, Figure 35, is the shackle of the lock.
(shewn also separately in Figure 34), which slides in the neck of the case.
b
Figure 33, n is a projection on the said shackle, which when the lock is:
locked is within the rim k of the bed a, but which when the key is introduced:
and the bed a turned so as to bring the opening 7 opposite the said projection!
may pass out of the said rim, and the shackle will consequently slide in the necki
of the case, Figures 33 and 35. The staple or other fastening which has beeni
introduced into the hollow n¹ of the shackle m may now be withdrawn. The:
shackle m is prevented from being withdrawn altogether from the lock by two:
studs o, o, which being fixed on the shackle at a distance from each other greater.
than the width of the opening of the rim k, cannot pass out of that opening.
Figure 37 represents my improved door knocker, by which a person on the
outside of a building or apartment may work a knocker situated in the inside
of the same. a is an axis passing through the door b; c is a wheel placed on
the axis a on the outside of the door; d is a knob or handle by which the

page_text: wheel c and axis a may be turned; e is a wheel on that end of the axis a
which is situated in the interior of the hall or apartment to which the door.
belongs; this wheel has two teeth or inclines, as shewn in the Drawing. fis
the knocker, jointed to the door at f', a projection 9 on the under side of the
When the wheel c is
same rests against the inclines or teeth of the wheel e.
turned by a person outside of the building or apartment, the inclines or teeth
of the wheel e are brought under the projection g of the knocker f, and raise-
the said knocker into the position shewn in the Drawing; as the said teeth or
projections pass from under the projection g, the knocker f is pressed forcibly
against the knob h by the spring i, and a loud noise is produced. It is evident
that the knocker f will strike the knob h twice during each revolution of the
wheel c.
Figure 38 represents my improved door bell, by which a person situated on
the outside of a building or apartment may ring a bell in the interior of the
same. The parts situated on the outside of the door exactly resemble those of
my improved door knocker as seen in the Drawing. A pinion 6 on that end
of the axis a situated on the interior side of the door engages in a wheel c.
d, d, are a series of inclined teeth on the wheel c; e is a lever turning on an
axis e; one end of this lever carries the hammer f; as the teeth d, d, pass
under the short arm of the lever e, they bring the said lever into a nearly
vertical position, and thereby remove the hammer f to a distance from the
bell g. As the inclines d pass from under the end of the lever e, a spring in
the box e" brings the lever e into the position shewn in the Drawing, in taking
which position the hammer strikes the bell g. The said hammer strikes the
said bell three times during each revolution of the wheel outside the door.
Figure 39 represents my improved roller for roller blinds. a is a rod which
slides in the tube b so as to shorten or lengthen the blind roller, of which the
said rod and tube form a part. The position of the rod a in the tube b may be
fixed by the screw nut c; d, d', d³, are three cylindrical blocks to which the
blind is attached; e, f, are brackets which support the blind roller; g is a cone
in the interior of the block d, which cone is pressed into the conical cavity in
the said block by the spring e¹; the square end of the cone g is inserted in a
square hole in the bracket e; the cone g consequently cannot turn, and the
friction between it and the conical cavity in the block d causes the said block
and the other parts of the roller to turn stiffly, and thereby prevent the running
down of the blind by its own weight. That end of the roller which is supported
in the bracket f is cylindrical, and consequently turns in the said bracket.
The roller is turned for the purpose of raising and lowering the blind in the
following manner :-One end of a blind cord is coiled around the receiving

page_text: box h, and the other end of the same cord is coiled in the opposite direction
around the receiving box i, the middle portion of the said cord hanging down
in a loop of a depth convenient to be taken hold of. By pulling one side of
the said loop the blind may be wound up, and by pulling the other side of the
said loop the blind may be pulled down.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise methods of carrying out my Invention herein-
before described, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my said Invention; but I claim,-
Firstly, the general arrangement of the parts of a lock in which the latch
bolt of the said lock slides within the lock bolt of the same, herein-before
described, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, of the accompanying
Drawings.
•
.
Secondly, the arrangement of those parts of a lock by which the withdrawing:
of the latch bolt is effected, herein-before described, and represented in Figures
1, 2, 5, and 6 of the accompanying Drawings; also the application of the same..
to a chamber latch or lock, as herein-before described, and represented in:
Figure 15 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly, the construction of a plate latch in which curved arms or levers.
attached to the axis of the door knobs raise the said latch by the turning of
the said knobs; also the use of a helical or coiled, spring in the construction.
of plate latches, as herein-before described, and represented in Figure 8 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly, the construction of bolts withdrawn from their staples by the action.
of a wedge moving in a line at right angles to the motion of the said bolts, as
herein-before described and represented in Figures 9 and 10 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fifthly, the construction of a lift latch and the method of adapting the same
to doors, opening either on the right or left, as herein-before described, and,
represented in Figure 11 of the accompanying. Drawings.
Sixthly, the construction of a thumb lifter to be used with lift latches, in:
which the thumb plate of the said lifter is situated at right angles to the lever
of the same, as herein-before described, and represented in Figure 16 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly, the construction of lift latches, in which the motion of the door
knob and axis, when the said knob and axis are turned in one direction, is.
communicated directly to the said latch, and when the said knob and axis are
turned in an opposite direction the said motion is communicated to the said

page_text: latch through a small lever, so as to reverse the direction of the same, that is
to say, to produce the lifting of the latch in whichever way the said knob and
axis are turned; also the form of the end of the latch and receiving box for
the same, herein-before described, and represented in Figures 12, 13, and 14
of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighthly, the construction of an axis for doors, or for windows opening in the
manner of doors, in which a bolt pressed by a spring into indentations on the
periphery of a wheel on the said axis holds the said doors or windows open at
any desired angle, as herein-before described, and represented in Figure 17 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Ninthly, the construction of an adjusting door spindle, by introducing a screw
into the said hollow and square spindle, the said screw as it advances or recedes
in the said spindle carrying with it the said knob, and thereby vertually.
lengthening or shortening the said spindle, as herein-before described, and
represented in Figure 18 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenthly, the construction of arm springs for closing doors, by attaching the
arm of the same to a spring box instead of directly to the spring, the said
spring box being connected with the said spring; also the inclined plane and
indentation on the door on which the roller of the said arm rolls and rests;
also the attaching of the arm directly to the door and the introduction of a
telescope slide with a spring therein into the said arm, as herein-before
described, and represented in Figures 19, 19 A, and 20 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Eleventhly, the particular arrangement of the parts of a double-acting door
spring, herein-before described, and represented in Figures 22 and 23 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Twelfthly, the methods of constructing door springs, herein-before described,
and represented in Figures 26 and 27 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirteenthly, the method of constructing sash fasteners, herein-before
described, and represented in Figure 24 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourteenthly, the construction of rack pullies for window blinds, in which
the rack is situated on the back of the frame of the said rack pulley, and the
method of releasing the spring from the same, herein-before described, and
represented in Figure 25 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifteenthly, the general arrangement of the parts of a door bolt, by which
two bolts are simultaneously shot out in directions at right angles to each
other, herein-before described, and represented in Figure 21 of the accompany-
ing Drawings.
Sixteenthly, the method of constructing and applying a door spring to a

page_text: door, herein-before described, and represented in Figure 29 of the accompany-
ing Drawings.
Seventeenthly, the construction of a padlock, in which the mechanism for
locking the same consists of a rim or circle in one part thereof, turning in a
groove in another part thereof, the said rim or circle being interrupted or cut
away in certain places, and the said groove, in which the said rim or circle
turns, being also interrupted by a series of bars moving radially, notches or
indentations being cut in the said bars, which, when the key is introduced,
are made to coincide with and make continuous the said groove, and thereby
allow of the rotation of the said rim or circle, as herein-before described, and
represented in Figs. 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36, of the accompanying
Drawings, and the application of the same principle of construction to every
kind of lock.
Eighteenthly, the attaching of knockers and bells to the inside of doors, the
said knockers being knocked, and the said bells being rung by parts or
mechanism on the outside of the said doors, as herein-before described, and
represented in Figures 37 and 38 of the accompanying Drawings.
Nineteenthly, the construction of a roller for roller blinds, which may be
lengthened or shortened by one part of the same sliding in the other; also the
use of a double receiving box for winding and unwinding the cord by which
the blind is raised and lowered, as herein-before described, and represented in
Figure 39 of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Cotterill, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.