IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS, FOR INDICATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Newton Gisborne, of No. 445, West Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and Electrician, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS, FOR INDICATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM
A "
Sealed the 24th November 1865, and dated the 31st May 1865.!
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Newton
. Gisborne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his.
Petition, on the 31st May 1865.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of No. 445, West Strand, in the County o
Middlesex, Engineer and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PRESSURE
OF STEAM OR LIQUIDS IN GUAGES, AND FOR SIGNALLING," to be as follows:-
pressure
My Invention consists of an apparatus to give motion to a hand or pointer
on the face of a dial having letters or other indications thereon by the
of steam or liquid through tubing in communication with a corrugated*
chamber of an instrument similar in its substantial construction to an aneroid
barometer. As the pressure is increased the chamber is expanded, and motion
is communicated to the hand or pointer, and so if the pressure in the chamber

page_text: be diminished motion is communicated to the hand or pointer in a manner
similar. The motion is given by the increased or diminished expansion of the
chamber, so as to act on the parts connected with the hand or pointer, as in an
aneroid barometer. For the purpose of signalling the signs are marked on
the face of the dial, and the hand or pointer caused to move thereto by the
pressure imparted. The main difference between the ordinary aneroid
barometer and my Invention is, that the hand or pointer of the aneroid
barometer is acted on by the pressure of the atmospheric air in the corrugated
chamber, and the hand or pointer of my Invention is acted on by the pressure
of steam or liquid in the corrugated chamber. The corrugated chamber of
my Invention is composed of the same materials as the chamber of the
ordinary aneroid barometer, videlicet, of a composition of zinc and tin.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederic Newton Gisborne in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIC
NEWTON GISBORNE, of No. 445, West Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Electrician, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Frederic Newton Gisborne, Her special licence that I, the said
Frederic Newton Gisborne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Frederic Newton Gisborne, my executors, admin-
istrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might, make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE
PRESSURE OF STEAM OR LIQUIDS IN GUAGES, AND POR SIGNALLING," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederic Newton Gisborne, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing, under my, or their,
or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederic Newton Gisborne, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of an apparatus to give motion to a hand or pointer
on the face of a dial having letters or other indications thereon by the pressure
of steam or liquid through tubing in communication with a corrugated
chamber of an instrument similar in its substantial construction to an aneroid
barometer. As the pressure is increased the chamber is expanded, and
motion is communicated to the hand or pointer, and so if the pressure in the
chamber be diminished motion is communicated to the hand or pointer in a
manner similar. The motion is given by the increased or diminished ex-
pansion of the chamber, so as to act on the parts connected with the hand or
pointer, as in an aneroid barometer. For the purpose of signalling the signs
are marked on the face of the dial, and the hand or pointer caused to move
thereto by the pressure imparted. The main difference between the ordinary
aneroid barometer and my Invention is, that the hand or pointer of the
aneroid barometer is acted on by the pressure of the atmospheric air in the
corrugated chamber, and the hand or pointer of my Invention is acted on by
the pressure of steam or liquid in the corrugated chamber. The corrugated
chamber of my Invention is composed of the same materials as the chamber
of the ordinary aneroid barometer, videlicet, of a composition of zinc and
tin.
...
Fig. I. represents the pressure guage, which is somewhat similar in the con-
struction to an improved aneroid barometer; the internal pressure of steam or
liquids, or external pressure caused by partial internal vacuum acting upon
the corrugated metal chamber A in such manner that the strong spring B,
resting upon the centre of the chamber at b; maintains the lever C in its
normal position. The crank shafting D, D, attached to the lever C, acts upon
the draw chain. E around a-drum upon the axle F, which carries the
pointer G; steam liquids or air entering the chamber A by the pipe H, H,
having to overcome the resistance of the chamber A and spring B, thus
indicate by the pointer Ġ the amount of resistance, as indicated upon the
graduated dial J, J.
Fig. II., in connection with Fig. I., represents the manner in which
such metallic chamber or guage is adapted for signalling purposes, K
being by preference an india-rubber ball, or any other suitable air chamber

page_text: enclosed in a cylinder L; a tube from the inside thereof leads to the entrance
pipe H, H, of the metallic chamber A. Upon the ball K the piston M is
gradually advanced by the screw tube N by turning the handle O, and the air
or fluid within the ball thus being forced within the metal, chamber. causes the
pointer G to move at pleasure. It will be observed that a branch pipe or
pipes may leave the tube H, H, at the cocks P, P, P, and thence proceed to
other metal chambers, by which means one ball or communicating apparatus
may act simultaneously upon several pointers. By using conducting pipes
of equal lengths or different sizes these several pointers (the chambers A, and
spring B being of nearly equal resistances) will move in unison.",
Fig. III. represents a shutter signal as described on Sheet I., Fig. VI., in the
Specification of my Patent No. 3208, for "communicating signals," the
motive or lifting power in this instance being an air chamber in lieu of an
electro-magnet, A being the shutter situated so as to stand at right angles to
the dial plate B, B, when pressed upon by the lever C, so soon as its opposite
and weighted extremity is raised by the pressure of air within the partly
collapsed india-rubber_ball (or corrugated metal chamber) D.
Fig. 4 represents a step-by-step movement to be acted upon either by an elec-
tro-magnet A, A, as in the Specification of my Patent No..210, for "signalling
on board ship," or by a corrugated metal chamber or india-rubber ball B in
the present Drawing. The novelty in this movement is that there are two
wheels C and D upon the axis which carries the pointer (or a wheel disc,
polygon, or cylinder), with teeth cut in contrary directions when the lever
E, E, or shaft F is raised, the knive-pointed lever G pushes the wheel Cone
tooth, but by the same movement the stop H checks the sudden forward move-
ment of the pointer by catching the wheel D at the termination of each one
step movement. When the lever or shaft E, E, and F falls the spring drops
into the wheel C; J represents the pointer axis following the frictional
movement of the knife-blade lever upon its return, while the hooked stop K
falling into the wheel O brings the wheel, C home to knife-blade lever G,
and thus by a double-lock movement of the pointer axis, viz., the one as it
has advanced a step and the other when it is at rest, secures perfect uniformity
of action.
;
Fig. V. represents the call whistle and reply to each signal transmitted, A
being the whistle made upon the well-known principle of the steam.whistle,
jointed at B over the mouth-piece C, so that it can be turned over or, to one side
when the mouth-piece is, being used to blow a whistle at the other end of the
tube, and replaced by the action of the spring D.
Fig. VI. represents a plan for blowing a whistle at either end of one tube

page_text: only; A is the whistle at one end, and the Drawing shews how to blow a
more distant whistle; B and B¹ is the main tube, having a passage C through
the piston D., When you push upon the communicating knob E you press upon
the air chamber or ball F, which causes the piston D to depress the spiral
spring G until the air escapes through the egress pipe H into the main tube
B', the main tube B being at the same time closed by the back of the piston
D; the air can thus only travel'in one direction, and towards the more
distant whistle, where a similar apparatus repeats the signal through the'
passage way C when the piston D has been returned to its normal position by
the spiral spring G. Sometimes I dispense with a reply whistle, and simply
use a pressure knob and air ball to inject temporarily a little more air into the
signal-communicating tube, and thus cause a visible movement of the pointer
in the communicating instrument, and sometimes I use the first inflation of
the air chamber in the indicator or more distant apparatus to trip or release a
spring bell, or to ring an electric bell by contacts.
Fig. VII. is the front view of a dial plate communicator adapted for household
use, and Fig. VIII. a transverse section of the same; A being a knob which
depresses a screw 'shaft B' upon the air chamber C, the dial plate being
marked and graduated in accord with the position of the pointer, and the
pressure thus obtained being in accord with the movement of an indicator, as
in Fig. I.
Fig. IX. is a small box A, containing two air chambers B, B, which are
pressed against by the lever C, and thus act through two tubes upon two
metallic chambers, as in Fig. I.; this box being placed over an engine shaft,
so that the makepiece thereon D acts upon one side or other of the lever C,
according to the directive movement of the engine, and thus indicates its
speed, and whether going ahead or astern, upon the metallic chamber, as in
Fig. I., placed upon the bridge of a steamer, or as advisable.
Fig. X. shews a similar arrangement for indicating the position of the
helm, B, B, being the two air chambers placed on either side of the lever C,
attached to the shaft D in the box A; E being a screw slide for altering the
position of the balls B, B, in reference to the pressure of the lever C, when
the arm F is acted upon by a pin attached to the rudder head or shaft, and
working in the fork of said arm as substantially set forth in my Patent
No. 210, herein-before referred to.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
claim any of the parts taken separately; but that what I claim as my Invention
are the combinations for indicating the pressure in guages and for signalling

page_text: purposes, as herein-before described, with such variations in detail as may be
convenient without departing from the nature of my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Newton Gisborne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
above-named Frederic Newton
Gisborne, in the presence of
CHAS. ROBERTS,
Clerk to Mr. H. Wickens, Sol.,
4, Tokenhouse Yard,
Bank.