Improvements in Means for Effecting Magnetic Transmissions.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Aug., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 28th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 13th Aug.. 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Effecting Magnetic Transmissions.
We, GUSTAV ENGISCH, of Tours-de-Peilz, Switzerland, Electrician, and THEOFILE
KONIG, of Schuhmacher Strasse No. 6, Strassburg, in the Alsatia, German Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is based upon the discovery that a magnet can be divided into
two parts which present such a particular and specific relation to each other that
the movement of one causes a corresponding movement of the other, irrespective
of where or at what distance apart the parts may be placed.
For the purpose of constructing instruments corresponding to each other, double
pointers, or pole needles, of uniform thickness, weight, and length, are made out
of loadstone of high magnetic properties, and are mounted on a metallic spindle.
The points of these needles adjust themselves to north and south. Two other
pointers, made of aluminium or nickel, may be, in addition, provided upon the
metallic spindle so as to point to east and west respectively.
This invention may be practically carried out as follows:-
Either of the needles is set in motion at a time predetermined between two
persons, or if the needles are to be regularly used between two persons, a call-bell,
or other signal, is provided on the apparatus in such a manner that, as the needle
is moved, the bell is mechanically sounded, or the apparatus may be inserted in
the electric circuit of an alarm. By moving the pointer so as to touch a contact
piece (the other wire being connected with the spindle on which the needle is
connected) the alarm will be made to sound. After the person called has
answered the sigual, the apparatus is operated in such a manner that the pole needle
pointing to north is, through the medium of a small metallic rod, directed upon
letters, or figures, which are arranged around the needle. The pole needle on the
apparatus of the person called will then follow the movements of the callers needle
thus repeating to the person called the words, or signs, which the caller produces
upon the sister apparatus as in existing pointer, or needle, telegraphs. It is
obvious that such an apparatus if inserted in an electric circuit as above mentioned
may also be used for making and breaking an electric circuit which again acts
upon other devices so that by such means for instance shots in mines can be fired.
from a distance, or machinery can be stopped and started from a distance, and
similar operations performed.
In constructing instruments of this kind the utmost care is necessary, as the
slightest inaccuracy is apt to disturb the magnetic conditions and prevent the.
apparatus from acting properly.
The simplest method of carrying this invention into practice is as follows.
A steel rod is so shaped as to be capable of being divided into two equal parts.
These parts are joined together and forced against each other, and simultaneously
magnetised, the extremities only being hardened. Subsequently the halves are,
separated, and upon each half a piece of brass corresponding to the removed steel,
portion is put in its place, so that two needles are formed each of which consists

page_text: half of steel and half of brass. Needles thus made on the principle hereinbefore
explained become corresponding needles.
In order to enable the needles to be operated at considerable distances apart
frictional resistance should be reduced as much as possible and the needles be
arranged to oscillate in a vacuum.
Dated this 31st day of August 1807
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
secting magnetic Transmissions.
We, GUSTAV ENGISCH, of Tours-de-Peilz, Switzerland, Electrician, and THEOFILE
KONIG, of Schuhmacher Strasse No. 6, Strassburg, in the Alsatia, German Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement:-
This invention is based upon the discovery that a magnet can be divided into
two parts which present such a particular and specific relation to each other that
the movement of one causes a corresponding movement of the other, irrespective
of where or at what distance apart the parts may be placed.
The invention is illustrated by Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
For the purpose of constructing instruments corresponding to each other, double
pointers (e, Fig. 1, 2, 3), or pole needles, of uniform thickness, weight, and
length, are made out of the same piece of loadstone of high magnetic properties
or of the same piece of magnetic iron or steel and are mounted on the metallic
spindles of the transmitting and of the receiving instrument. For this purpose
the piece of loadstone, after being brought into cylindrical form, is cut into halves,
each half being a cylinder of the same diameter but of half length. The points
of these needles adjust themselves to north and south. Two other pointers, made
of aluminium or nickel, may be, in addition, provided upon the metallic spindle
so as to point to east and west respectively.
Either of the needles is set in motion at a time predetermined between two
persons, or if the needles are to be regularly used between two persons, a call-
bell, or other signal, is provided on the apparatus in such a manner that, as the
needle is moved, the bell is mechanically sounded, or the apparatus may be inserted
in the electric circuit of an alarm. By moving the pointer so as to touch a con-
tact piece (the other wire being connected with the spindle on which the needle
is connected) the alarm will be made to sound. After the person called has
answered the signal, the apparatus is operated in such a manner that the pole
needle pointing to north is, through the medium of a small metallic rod, directed
upon letters, or figures, which are arranged around the needle. The pole needle
on the apparatus of the person called will then follow the movements of the
caller's needle thus repeating to the person called the words, or signs, which the
caller produces upon the sister apparatus as in existing pointer, or needle, tele-
graphs. It is obvious that such an apparatus if inserted in an electric circuit
as above mentioned may be also used for making and breaking an electric circuit
which again acts upon other devices so that by such means for instance shots in
mines can be fired from a distance, or machinery can be stopped and started from
a distance, and similar operations performed.
In constructing instruments of this kind the utmost care is necessary, as the

page_text: slightest inaccuracy is apt to disturb the magnetic conditions and prevent the
apparatus from acting properly.
The simplest method of carrying this invention into practice is as follows.
A rod of loadstone or magnetic steel or iron is so shaped as to be capable of
being divided into two equal parts. The cut is best made as a cross-cut dividing
the long shaped piece into equal parts. These parts are joined together and forced
against each other, and simultaneously magnetised once more, the extremities
only being hardened. Subsequently the halves are separated, and upon each half
a piece of brass corresponding to the removed steel portion is put end to end in
its place, so that two needles are formed each of which consists half of steel and half
of brass. Needles thus made on the principle hereinbefore explained become
corresponding needles.
In order to enable the needles to be operated at considerable distances apart
frictional resistance should be reduced as much as possible and the needles be
arranged to oscillate in a vacuum.
The instrument is suitable for both transmitting and receiving. It consists of
a box preferably made of copper, (a, Fig. 1) at the bottom of which there is a zinc
plate or two plates one superposed over the other. The needle holder is fixed
on this plate and a cylinder c of ebonite rests on it supporting at its top a disc
of aluminium d and a dial, over which swings the needle e', with its pointer
indicating a letter or a number. The general construction of the needle will
easily be understood by Fig. 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. A receiving and transmitting apparatus for telegraphic purposes without
wire, whose principal element consists of a magnetic needle consisting of a corre-
sponding half of the same piece of loadstone, divided in two parts, one destined
for the receiving, the other for the transmitting instrument, substantially as
described.
2. For a constructional modification of the instrument described, the combination
of the copper box (a), the zinc plate (b) and the aluminium disc (d) and the needle,
substantially as described.