Year: 1887

page_text: I, WILLIAM HENRY MOORE of 28 Denmark Hill in the County of Surrey
Cheesemonger do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to prevent the bursting
of water pipes by frost.
For this purpose I connect the pipe with a chamber of larger dimensions than the
pipe and within this chamber I provide a ball or bag of india rubber charged with
air. The ends of the pipe enter the chamber at its extremities and between them is
a space which receives the air ball or bag. The ball or bag is held between two metal
shields which stand in front of the extremities of the pipes within the chamber. The
shields serve to prevent the ball or bag being displaced or injured by anything which
passes in the pipes and also to ensure that the ball or bag remains in such a position
that the water way is kept free. When the water expands on freezing the air in the
ball or bag is compressed and the pipe remains uninjured.
In some cases I provide two or more balls or bags in the same chamber.
Dated the 14th dox of October 1887
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus to Prevent the Bursting of Water
Pipes by Frost.
1, WILLIAM HENRY MOORE, of 28 Denmark Hill, in the County of Surrey,
Cheesemonger, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to prevent the bursting
of water pipes by frost.
For this purpose I connect the pipe with a chamber of larger dimensions than the
pipe and within this chamber I provide a ball or bag of india rubber charged with
air. The ends of the pipe enter the chamber at its extremities and between them is
a space which receives the air ball or bag. The ball or bag is held between two metal
shields which stand in front of the extremities of the pipes within the chamber. The
shields serve to prevent the ball or bag being displaced or injured by anything which
passes in the pipes and also to ensure that the ball or bag remains in such a position
that the water way is kept free. When the water expands on freezing the air in the
ball or bag is compressed and the pipe remains uninjured.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section and Figure 2 is a transverse section of an
expansion apparatus arranged in accordance with my invention. Figure 3 is a
longitudinal section and Figure 4 is a transverse section showing the apparatus in
a modified form.
In Figure 1 a a² are the water pipes entering and leaving the apparatus. b is the
cylindrical body of the expansion chamber. c¹ care its ends fixed upon the pipes a
and a² and soldered into their places. dis a stout ball or bag of vulcanized india
rubber containing air and hermetically sealed. The bag is kept in place between the
shields a ax which close the ends of the pipes a¹ and a³ and prevents the ball or
bag obstructing the passages by which the water passes to and from the pipes.
61 61 are ribs formed or fixed within the expansion chamber 6 to ensure a clear
water way.
In Figures 3 and 4 the construction is similar but in this case there is no passage
through the apparatus which is intended to be applied as a blind branch upon the
water pipe.
The distances between the apparatus may be varied according to circumstances but
where complete protection to a fully exposed pipe is required it will be suitable to
provide an apparatus for each ten feet of pipe.

page_text: This apparatus will also be found of great service in preventing shock when taps
are suddenly closed.
It is not essential that lead should be used in the construction of the apparatus, it
may also be made in iron and other materials.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
Apparatus substantially as described to prevent the bursting of water pipes
by frost.
.