MOULDING OR CUTTING MACHINERY."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Llewellyn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1879.
THOMAS LLEWELLYN, of Carmarthen, South Wales.
MOULDING OR CUTTING MACHINERY."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD
This Invention relates to certain improvements in wood moulding or cutting
machines, the object being to overcome certain difficulties connected with wood
moulding by machinery as at present, by the employment and adaptation of many
new and original points to ensure the greatest efficiency in working with the least
amount of skilled labour; each part being arranged upon the simplest principle
possible so that a person almost unacquainted with machinery may have thorough
control.
The table of this machine is almost similar to the present moulding machine
tables, except that the end is prepared to receive a movable instead of a fixed
carriage for the cutter shaft, that is to say, the carriage in which the bearings
carrying the cutter spindles slide instead of being fixed at each end to the frame in
an upright position, is fixed at the top with a pivot and allowed to move freely
from side to side at the bottom in a radial slot where it may be secured in any
position by a fly nut, thus allowing the spindle while working to be moved to any
angle within the compass of the slot, and consequently obliging the cutters to form
a similar angle with the face of the table; this is done by means of a worm
working into a toothed quadrant and turned by a hand wheel in front of the
machine.
The object of this motion or movement is to bring the projecting cutters to an
uniform length in making a bevelled moulding so that the resistance occasioned by
cutting may be reduced as much as possible, and avoid what is too common, the
longest and consequently the weakest cutter having the deepest cut to take, thereby
increasing the leverage against the driving power and causing the cutters to vibrate
and so leave the surface of their work rippled and uneven.
The vertical shaft is made so that a large or small spindle may be fixed into it
having a socket for that purpose at the top; this is to allow of different cutter
blocks being used, either the small circular one or the ordinary square block. The
spindle is arranged to rise and fall above the worm quadrant and directly in the
centre of the carriage.
A groove on top of table is made to guide a squaring fence for various work.
The top part of fence instead of being rigid, as in the present form of fences, is
made in three parts, viz., a body of cast iron, which is secured to the table by bolts

page_text: and two loose wings which are secured to the body by fly nuts and studs that may
be moved along the slot in the body so that either of the wings may be brought
forward at will; their faces where attached to the body being of equal angles with
each other so that the working faces of each wing are always parallel or in a line
with the corresponding wing, thus acting as a perfect rise and fall corresponding to
the depth of the proposed cut.
These wings are made of cast iron, planed on the front or working face and also
on the faces in contact with the body, and are furnished with springs so adjusted as
to keep down the work.
The body of the fence is furnished with two slots so as to allow of being freely
moved backwards and forwards as required for any great difference in the size of
cutters.
When sweep work is required to be done another form of wing is substituted,
which instead of being solid has the working face formed of spring steel of such a
thickness only as to perfectly fiexible so that it may be bent into the arc of a
circle.
The bending of this plate to the required curve is accomplished by having a long
hinge at the outer end of it, which hinge has a slot in it almost the whole length to
accomodate the stud and fly nut which are fixed to the movable pivot in the
back stiff plate of the wing which is in contact and secured to the body of fence.
Another improvement is the use of a guard plate, which besides being useful in
enclosing all but the actual space required for cutting contact with the work when
small work is to be done, is also most effectual in preventing accidents to those
engaged in working it.
This guard is also of spring steel and being under one eighth of an inch in thick-
ness does not take up any more room or necessitate a longer cutter than the actual
thickness; it is secured to the body of the fence by a long vertical stud having two
nuts which are screwed in opposite directions, respectively against the upper and
underside of a fork piece which is secured to the plate itself behind and of sufficient
length in the forks to allow a backward and forward adjustment as may be required
to follow the position of the wings.