IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING AND MAKING ICE, AND IN PUMPS AND STOPCOCKS FOR USE THEREWITH OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1879

page_text: *
LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REFRIGERATING AND MAKING ICE, AND IN PUMPS AND STOPCOCKS FOR USE
THEREWITH OR OTHERWISE." A communication from abroad by John George
Wolf, of New York, United States of America, Machinist,
Sealed the 7th October 1879, and dated the 7th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1879.
“
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVE
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING AND MAKING ICE, AND IN PUMPS AND
STOPCOCKS FOR USE THEREWITH OR OTHERWISE." A communication from abroad
by John George Wolf, of New York, United States of America, Machinist.
The Invention consists in the combination of a refrigerating chamber or store
room with a tank filled with non-congealable liquid forced by a pump through a
coil placed in the said chamber, and kept at a low temperature by means of a
vapour expander, or a chamber surrounded by the liquid in the tank, and com-
municating through a pipe with a second pump which draws fluid from the said
vapour expander, and forces it through a coil placed in a trough or condenser, and
surrounded by cold water; said coil being partly filled with a volatile liquid, a
quantity of which passes through a stopcock into a pipe leading into the vapour
expander, where it evaporates, and thereby extracts heat from the surrounding
liquid in the said tank. Also in the construction of the pump for forcing the fluid
through the condenser, and capable of being applied also for other purposes; said
pump consisting chiefly of two single acting pistons rigidly attached to the ends
of a common piston rod, and working in two barrels, which open towards the
centre of the pump into a common chamber into which the driving gear is placed,
consisting either of a shaft with eccentric, or a shaft with crank and connecting rod,
or of any other suitable device; the shaft being continued through a stuffing box

page_text: in one side of the chamber in order to receive motion in any ordinary way. Also
in the construction of a stop-cock, or the combination of a shell provided with a
tapering seat closed at one end, a plug fitting into said seat, a screw ring fitting
into a screw socket in the open end of the seat and acting on the plug, and a cap
for closing the open end of the seat. The vapour expander may be made annular
or of any other suitable shape, and the liquid in the tank kept in motion by
revolving screw blades, or otherwice. Instead of one pump, two or more may be
used for exhausting the vapour expander, and compressing the fluid in the
condenser. The water in the latter may also be kept cool by conducting the
vapours from the vapour expander through a subsidiary coil situated in the con-
denser, and a filter may also be inserted into the tube which leads from the
expander to the pump.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th November 1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING AND MAKING ICE, AND IN PUMPS AND
STOPCOCKS FOR USE THEREWITH OR OTHERWISE." A communication from abroad
by John George Wolf, United States of America, Machinist.
This Invention consists in the combination with a refrigerating chamber or store
room of a tank filled with a non-congealable liquid, a coil leading from said tank
through the chamber or room, a vapor expander located within said tank, a comID-
bined exhaust and injection pump connected with said vapor expander, a vapor
condenser connected with said exhaust and injection pump, and a combined liquid
exhaust and supply mechanism connected with the tank, so that by the action of
the exhaust and injection pump a volatile liquid can be alternately compressed and
expanded, whereby the temperature of the non congealable liquid in the tank
is lowered, and then by circulating this cold liquid through the coil in the
refrigerating chamber or store room, the desired refrigerating effect is produced;
further, in a gas expander made annular in form so as to increase the cooling
surface, and in the combination with this annular expander of an agitator which
acts on the non congealable liquid in the tank containing the expander; also in the
combination with the gas expander, the condensing coil, and the combined exhaust
and injection pump of a reservoir adapted to contain the volatile liquid, and to
furnish a fresh supply of such liquid when required; further, in the combination
with the gas expander, the condensing coil, and the combined exhaust and injection
pump of one or more filters to retain such impurities as may become mixed with
the volatile liquid; also in the combination in a pump of two pistons, a rod which
forms a rigid connection between said pistons, an eccentric or crank working
between the two pistons, two cylinders (one for each piston) which emanate from a
closed box or chamber serving to protect the eccentric, and a suction and discharge
chamber arranged in the outer end of each of said cylinders, so that when a
revolving motion is imparted to the eccentric both pistons receive a reciprocating
motion, one to produce a suction, and the other an outward force, and vice versa ;
and a pump is obtained which can be used with great advantage for exhausting
and compressing gas, or for pumping water or other liquids; also in the com-
bination in a stop cock of a shell provided with a tapering seat closed at one end,
a plug fitting said seat, a screw ring fitting into a screw socket in the open end of
the seat and acting on the plug, and a cap for closing the open end of the seat, so
that when the plug has been adjusted and the cap applied all leakage of gas or
liquid is effectually prevented.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing in which Fig. 1
represents a side elevation of a refrigerator constructed according to this Invention;
Fig. 2 is a similar view partly in section; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section
in the plane x, x, Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a horizontal section in the plane y, y, Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a plan of the refrigerating apparatus as applied to a store room, railroad
car, or vessel; Fig. 6 is a transverse section of the stop cock; Fig. 7 is a horizontal
section of the same; Fig. 8 is a transverse section of the gas expander; Fig. 9 is a
detached section of the pump as arranged for pumping liquids. Similar letters
indicate corresponding parts.
In the Drawing the letter A designates the provision chamber of a refrigerator
or a room the temperature of which is to be lowered. In the top of this chamber
is situated a tank B made of sheet metal or other good conductor of heat, and filled
with a noncongealable liquid, such as a mixture of water and glycerine. A tightly
fitting cover C serves to close the chamber A, and a suitable door gives access to
-
•

page_text: its interior. In the tank B is placed the vapor expander D, which is made annular
in cross section, as shown in Fig. 8, and of such a form that when the tank is filled
.with liquid said expander is completely submerged, allowing the said liquid to come
in contact with its bottom, its sides, its ends, and also with its inner wall, thereby
materially increasing its cooling surface. In the example shown in the Drawing
the expander is made circular in cross section, but it can be made oval, shaped,
or in any other form suitable for the purpose.
The expander connects by a pipe E with the suction chamber of a double acting
pump G, the discharge chambers of which connect by a pipe F with a coil H, the
end of which rises up and connects by a tube I with the expander. A stop cock i
regulates the flow of the fluid from the coil H to the tube I. The coil H is situated
in a condenser K, which is filled with cold water. The pump G is double acting,
and motion is imparted to its piston or pistons by means of a shaft
which is
geared together with a shaft 'n carrying a hand wheel m by means of cog
wheels p. 9:
0,
On the shaft o is mounted an eccentric disk ", which serves to transmit motion
to the plunger of a pump L, the suction chamber of which connects by a pipe 8
with a coil u, which is situated in the chamber A and communicates with
the bottom part of the tank (see Fig. 13), while from the discharge chamber
of said pump a pipe extends into the upper part of the tank. B. The
coil H is charged to about one fifth of its capacity with a volatile liquid,
such as common ether, methylic ethor, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, cyanogen,
sulphurous oxide, &c., &c., the vapors of which can be condensed by a com-
paratively moderate pressure, and the rapid expansion and evaporation of which
absobs a considerable quantity of heat, and consequently produces a great decrease
in the temperature of such bodies from which the heat is abstracted. When the
pump G is started the liquid is driven into the expander, in which at the same
time a partial vacuum is created, causing the liquid to evaporate. The vapors
thus created are forced back into the coil H and towards the tube I. The stop
cock in this tube is so adjusted that the vapors while passing through the coil H
will be compressed and condensed into a liquid state, and a small jet of this con-
densed liquid escapes through the tube I into the expander. On reaching the
expander this condensed liquid is again rapidly evaporated, and a large quantity of
heat is abstracted from the liquid surrounding the expander D. By continuing the
operation of the pump G the temperature of the liquid in the tank B can be rapidly
brought down below the freezing point of water, and if desired several degrees
below zero of Fahrenheit; and the temperature of air in the chamber A is rapidly
lowered by contact with the bottom and sides of the tank B, and also by the
cooling effect of the coil u, through which the cold liquid from the tank is caused
to circulate by the action of the pump L. For the purpose of producing ice the
tank B is provided with traverses for the support of cans M, which are filled with
water. In a short time this water freezes, and a considerable quantity of ice can
be produced in a short time. A dripping pan N prevents the condensed water
which forms on the bottom of the tank B by a pipe w (Fig. 3); and the water in
this tank is kept cool by throwing from time to time junks of ice into it, so that
the condensation of the volatile liquid in the coil H is facilitated. Through the
tank B and through the inner space of the expander D extends a shaft a³, on which
are mounted fan wheels b', which serve to agitate the non congealable liquid in
said tank and to bring the whole mass of said liquid in contact with the walls of
the expander.
If the apparatus is to be used simply for the production of ice the tank B can be
placed in any convenient position, its sides being protected by a jacket of a suitable
non conductor of heat, so that the same are not influenced by the heat of the
external atmosphere.
In applying the apparatus to an ordinary refrigerator it is essential that the
pump G. shall be so constructed that it can be easily turned by hand, and
that the temperature in the provision chamber can be kept down by setting

page_text: said pump in motion from time to time. A few strokes of the pump produce
the desired effect. If the apparatus is to be used for cooling store rooms,
railroad cars, or vessels, it is preferred to use two pumps G (Fig. 5), which
are operated by a steam engine G° and a water pump L, which is also
operated from said engine. The pumps G serve to draw the vapors from the
expander, and to condense the same in the coil H, whence the liquid is driven back
into the expander, while the pump L serves to draw the cold liquid from the tank B,
and to force the same through the coil u in the store room. In this case the vapors,
on being drawn from the expander, are passed to a coil H*, which is situated in the
condenser K, so as to keep the water in this condenser cool. The pump G, which
is to be used for the volatile liquid, is constructed with two pistons N, which work
in cylinders O, and are rigidly connected by a rod P (Fig. 2). The cylinders O
enianate from a closed case Q, from one side of which extends the shaft o. On the
inner end of this shaft is mounted a crank e', which connects by a rod f¹ with the
piston rod P. Instead of using the crank e¹ and rod f' however a simple eccentric
e (Fig. 9) may be used, which is situated between and acts on shoulders f° formed
on the piston rod P. By turning the shaft o in either direction, a reciprocating
motion is imparted to both pistons N. In the outer end of each of the cylinders O
is formed a suction and discharge chamber g', provided with a suction valve h' and
discharge valve i, so that by the action of one piston the liquid or, fluid is drawn
into its cylinder, while at the same time, by the action of the other piston, the liquid
or fluid is forced out of its cylinder, and vice versa. By these means a pump is
obtained, which is of particular advantage for pumping gaseous fluids, since the
crank or eccentric e' is enclosed in the case Q, and there is but one stuffing box in
the bearing of the shaft o, which can easily be kept tight. If the pump is to be
used for water or other similar liquids, the inventor arranges the suction and
discharge valves in the manner shown in Fig. 9, but if the pump is to be used for
volatile liquids or gases, the suction and discharge chambers in the ends of tho
cylinders are separated from each other by partitions, and the valves are arranged
as shown in Fig. 2. The stop cock i, which serves to control the flow of the con-
densed liquid from the coil H to the expander is constructed in the manner shown
in Figs. 6 and 7. It is composed of a shell k¹, provided with a tapering seat ',
closed at the bottom and open at the top, and a plug m³, which is ground into said
seat and has three ways n', o', (see Fig. 7), while the shell is provided with two
channels p, q, running at right angles to each other, the channel p¹ being placed in
the line of the tube I, while the channel q¹ connects by a pipe with a reservoir
R, which contains a supply of the volatile liquid that is used in the apparatus. In
the open end of the seat is a screw thread to engage with a corresponding thread
on the edge of a disk 8', which serves to hold down the plug in the seat with the
requisite amount of pressure. After the plug has been adjusted in the required
position the open end of the seat is covered by a cap t¹, which screws on the shell
as shown in Fig. 6, and is provided with a suitable packing, so that the escape of
gas is effectually prevented. If it is desired to supply the coil H with fresh liquid,
the pump G is stopped, and the cock u in the pipe 1 is opened, and the operation
of introducing a fresh supply of liquid is materially facilitated. During the opera-
tion of the apparatus the volatile liquid sometimes takes up dust, sand, or other
impurities from the parts with which it comes in contact, and in order to retain
such impurities one or more filters v' are applied. These filters consist of boxes of
metal, which are filled with loose cotton or other equivalent material. In the
example shown in the Drawing one such filter forms a portion of the pipe E (see
Fig. 2), but the form of such filter and its position may be changed to suit circum-
stances.

page_text: pump connected with said vapor expander, a vapor condenser connected with said
exhaust and injection pump, and a combined liquid exhaust and supply mechanism
connected with the tank, substantially as and for the purpose shown and
described.
2. The combination with the annular gas expander of a series of agitators,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination with the gas expander, the condensing coil, 'and the com-
bined exhaust and injection pump of a reservoir adapted to contain a supply of
volatile liquid, and connected to the condensing coil, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
4. The combination with the gas expander, the condensing coil, and the com-
bined exhaust and injection pump of one or more filters, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
5. The combination in a pump of two pistons, a rod which forms a rigid con-
nection between said pistons, an eccentric or crank working between the two
pistons, two cylinders (one for each piston), which emanate from a closed box or
chamber, serving to protect the eccentric, and a suction and discharge chamber
arranged in the outer end of each of said cylinders, substantially as and for the
purpose, described.
6. The combination in a stop cock of a shell provided with a tapering seat, closed
at one end, a plug fitting said seat, a screw ring fitting into a screw socket in the
open end of the seat and acting on the plug, and a cap for closing the open end of
the seat, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, A.D. 1879.