IMPROVEMENTS IN PAD- LOCKS, AND IN RIM AND MORTISE LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Dugmore, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Lock Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAD-
LOCKS, AND IN RIM AND MORTISE LOCKS AND LATCHES."
Sealed the 26th September 1879, and dated the 1st April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Dugmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1879.
GEORGE DUGMORE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Lock Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAD-LOCKS, AND IN RIM AND MORTISE LOCKS AND
LATCHES."
I construct the body and ears of a padlock in one piece by casting the same in a
mould or by stamping it in suitable dies. In the former case any cast metal except
common cast iron may be used, and in the latter case any suitable wrought metal,
but preferably Bessemer steel. The cap-plate is let in to the body and is held by
rivets cut out of the solid metal of the body, a shoulder being thus formed at the
base of each rivet, and also by having the inner edge of the body riveted over the
plate. When the cap-plate is fixed in this manner it is impossible to insert a chisel
edged instrument under the plate to wrench it off. The eye end of the shackle is
flattened on one side, and a piece of metal is formed solid to the body and extends
transversely thereof at the top, and is shaped on one side so as to form with the
flattened part of the shackle (when the shackle is closed) a wedge shaped opening
to receive a correspondingly shaped end of a vertical bolt. When the shackle is
closed for locking the padlock the vertical bolt is first shot up by the key and the
wedge shaped end is forced into the recess formed between the eye end of the
shackle and the solid piece of metal facing it. A stump upon the tail of the
horizontal bolt gears into a vertical slot in the tail of the vertical bolt, and when
the vertical bolt is at its highest position the stump is opposite to a horizontal slot
in the tail of the vertical bolt, and the horizontal bolt is then shot into the spoon
end of the shackle. The padlock is thus double locked, being held by the wedge
shaped end of the vertical bolt as well as by the horizontal bolt, and the vertical
bolt cannot be forced down until the horizontal bolt has been forced back, as the
stud of the horizontal bolt is within the horizontal slot of the vertical bolt when
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page_text: the padlock is locked. The horizontal bolt may be geared in the usual manner and
the vertical bolt simply held by a spring, the end of which bears in a niche when
the vertical bolt is in its top or bottom position, the end of the spring being shaped
to readily move out of either niche as the bolt is moved by the key.
The novelty in the construction of mortise and rim locks and latches consists in
stamping out the case and fore-plate in one piece in suitable dies. I prefer to
make the case and fore-plate thus stamped out in Bessemer steel, but any suitable
wrought metal may be used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Dugmore in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
September 1879.
GEORGE DUGMORE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Lock Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAD-LOCKS, AND IN RIM AND MORTISE LOCKS AND
LATCHES."
I construct the body and ears of a padlock in one piece by casting the same in a
mould or by stamping in suitable dies. In the former case any cast metal except
common cast iron may be used, and in the latter case any suitable wrought metal,
but preferably "Bessemer" steel. The cap-plate is let into the body and is held by
rivets cut out of the solid metal of the body (a shoulder being thus formed at the
base of each rivet) or by semi-circular rivets formed against the body, and also by
having the inner edge of the body rivetted over the edge of the plate. When the
cap-plate is fixed in this manner it is impossible to insert a chisel-edged instrument
under the plate to wrench it off. The eye end of the shackle is flattened on one
side and the inner surface of the ear nearest to the centre of the padlock is shaped
on one side so as to form with the flattened part of the shackle (when the shackle
is closed) an opening to receive a correspondingly-shaped end of a vertical bolt.
When the shackle is closed for locking the padlock the vertical bolt is shot up by
the key and the bolt-end is forced into the space formed between the eye-end of
the shackle and the metal facing it. The spoon-end of the shackle is plain, as
according to this part of my Invention the locking of that end is rendered
unnecessary. The vertical bolt is geared and worked by means of ordinary lever-
lock mechanism. Special mechanism is provided to prevent the bolt being pushed
down by an instrument otherwise than the proper key. This mechanism consists
of a base-plate upon which the bolt and levers are carried, the bolt being provided
with slotted holes at its connection with the plate and lock case so as to be capable
of sliding vertically thereupon. The base-plate is also capable of sliding vertically
within the lock-case. If when the padlock is locked pressure is put upon the bolt
to force it down the bolt moves down a very short distance carrying with it
(through the medium of the lever stump and fulcrum stud) the base-plate, the only
pressure against this movement being occasioned by the lever springs. A small

page_text: bell-crank is fulcrumed within the lock case, one arm gearing into the tail-end of
the base-plate. As the base-plate is pressed down the other arm of the bell-crank
moves into a niche formed in the tail of the bolt and offers a firm resistance to any
further downward movement of the bolt, thus preventing undue strain upon the
lever stump and fulcrum stud. In case the bolt should remain in the position to
which it may be forced the key will move it again into the proper position for
unlocking. The special mechanism just described for preventing the bolt being
improperly forced down is of course applicable for preventing a bolt locking into
the spoon end of the shackle from being improperly forced back.
The novelty in the construction of mortise and rim locks and latches consists in
stamping out the case and foreplate in one piece in suitable dies. I prefer to
make the case and fore-plate thus stamped out în “Bessemer" steel, but any suitable
wrought metal may be used.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention I will proceed to particularly
describe the manner of performing the same so far as relates to the improved con-
struction of padlock, with reference to the accompanying Drawings and the letters
of reference marked thereon. The method of stamping out in one piece the body
and ears of a padlock, and the case and fore-plate for mortise and rim locks and
latches, will be readily understood by persons skilled in the forging of metal in dies,
and does not therefor require illustration.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved construction of padlock with the
cap-plate removed; Figure 2 is a vertical section on line x, x, of Figure 1, but
shewing the cap-plate also in section; Figure 3 is a plan with the shackle removed;
Figures 4 and 5 are detached views of parts of the mechanism. The same letters
of reference occurring upon any of the views indicate corresponding parts. A, A,
is the body or case; B, B, are the ears cast or stamped out solid with the body. If
stamped out of course the parts to receive the shackle must be cut out. C is the
cap-plate. The cap-plate C is let into the body A, A, and rests upon shoulders at
the bases of the rivets a, a, etc. The said shoulders are formed by cutting away
the metal around the rivets to the depth of the cap-plate below the front edge of
the body; or (and preferably) the rivets may be formed, as shown at a¹, Figure 1ª,
with shoulders, as at 61, and corresponding semi-circular parts cut out of the edge
of the cap plate. The rivets are in one piece with the body and stand up slightly
above the body before being riveted into the countersunk holes of the cap-plate.
Besides being held by the rivets a, a, etc., the cap-plate has the inner edge b, b, b, of
the body (which is somewhat raised to admit thereof) riveted over the cap-plate,
the cap-plate being chamfered to form a recess to receive the riveting. The cap-
plate being thus fixed it is impossible to insert a chisel edged instrument under it
to wrench it off: The eye-end of the shackle is flattened along the side c and
preferably also along the side d. The side e of the ear on the right of Figure 1 is
flattened and shaped so as to form with the side c of the eye-end of the shackle
(when the shackle is closed) an opening to receive the correspondingly shaped
end E of a vertical bolt F. A small snug or block of metal f is cast or formed in
the position shown to give additional bearing for the end E. The shackle-pin is
screwed into the front side of the ear and is plain half way into the other side of
the ear, the hole to receive it extending only so far into the ear. Four little niches,
as shewn at p, are punched into the metal round the eye under the counter-sunk
head of the pin by means of a square punch, and the head is riveted into the
counter-sunk part and into the niches, thus being prevented from being turned by
a screw driver in case of a groove being cut in for a screw-driver. The spoon-end
of the shackle is made quite plain, as, according to this part of my Invention, it is
found unnecessary to lock this end. G is a base-plate, and H a set of ordinary
lock-levers. The base-plate G is shewn distinctly by the detached view, Figure 4,
and the bolt F by Figure 5. The levers H are centred upon the stud
fixed to or
formed solid with the base-plate G, and the bolt F slides upon the said base-plate G,
boing guided by the stud g and also by a stud h, and having slotted holes, as shewn,
to admit of its vertical sliding motion. The bolt F is kept back against the base-

page_text: plate G and the back of the body or case by means of the levers H and a large-
headed screw in the top of the stud h. The levers H are actuated and the bolt F
moved in the usual way for lever locks. The base-plate G is held to the back of
the body or case by the stud-pins with large heads i, i, and the holes in the base-
plate are slotted to admit of a slight vertical sliding of the said base-plate. At the
tail end of the base-plate G is a bell-crank J, one arm of which gears into a niche m
in the base-plate, and the other end is formed to gear into a niche n in the tail of
the bolt F. If pressure is brought to bear on the bolt F (by a person attempting
to force open the lock) the bolt is moved slightly downwards carrying with it
(through the medium of the stump k, levers H, and stud g) the base-plate G.
During this downward movement the only pressure upon the stump k arises from
the lever spring. As the base-plate G moves downwards the bell-crank J is moved
so as to throw the outer end into the niche n in the bolt, and thus offers a firm
resistance to any further downward movement of the bolt, and prevents undue
strain upon the lever stump and fulcrum stud.
In case the bolt should remain in the position to which it may be forced the key
coming against the part o of the base-plate returns the base-plate, levers, and bolt
to their proper position for unlocking, the bell-crank J being moved at the same
time to throw the arm out of the niche n. It is preferred to cast the studs solid
with the lock case so as to prevent their being driven in from behind.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, and particularly described
the manner of performing the same, I declare that I do not limit myself in the case
of illustration to the exact configuration of parts as shown, as such is not necessary
to the carrying out of my Invention; but what I claim as my Invention and desire
to secure by Letters Patent is,―
1st. Forming the body and ears of a padlock in one piece by casting the same in
a mould or by stamping in suitable dies, substantially as herein described.
2nd. Letting the cap-plate of a padlock into the body and retaining it in position
therein, substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shewn by the
Drawings.
3rd. Locking the eye-end of the shackle of a pad-lock constructed with solid
ears, substantially as herein described and shewn.
4th. The mechanism for preventing strain upon the stump and lever stud of my
improved padlock, or of a padlock having a bolt locking into the spoon end of a
shackle, in case of any person attempting to unlock the padlock by forcing the bolt
thereof, substantially as herein described and illustrated by the Drawings.
5th. Forming the case and fore-plate of a mortise or rim lock or latch in one
piece by stamping out a piece of metal in suitable dies.
In witness whercof, I, the said George Dugmore, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Assoc. M. Inst. C.E.,
Patent Office,
Wolverhampton.
GEORGE DUGMORE. (L.S.)