IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN GRINDING OR ABRADING THE TREADS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY WHEELS AND OTHER CYLINDRICAL CONICAL AND CONOIDAL BODIES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Powley Alexander of 36 Southampton Buildings
in the County of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN GRINDING OR ABRADING THE TREADS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY WHEELS
AND OTHER CYLINDRICAL CONICAL AND CONOIDAL BODIES a communication
to him from abroad by Augustine W. McIntyre of Chicago, Illinois in the
United States of America
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edwin Powley Alexander at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1883.
EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER of 36 Southampton Buildings in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN GRINDING OR ABRADING THE
TREADS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY WHEELS AND OTHER CYLINDRICAL CONICAL
"
AND CONOIDAL BODIES a communication to me from abroad by Augustine
W. M'Intyre of Chicago Illinois in the United States of America
This Invention relates more particularly to certain peculiar constructions and
arrangements of mechanism for facilitating and expediting the operation of grinding
or trueing the peripheries or treads of railway and tramway car wheels and has for
its chief objects :-
First. To furnish improved mechanism whereby the work can be placed
accurately in position and be securely sustained during the grinding operation.
Second. To provide means for imparting a uniform steady revolution to the object
to be ground. Third. To improve the mechanisn for sustaining and operating the
grinding or cutting wheels. Fourth. To furnish mechanism for automatically
compensating for the wearing away of the grinding wheels and thus keeping the
same constantly up to their work. Fifth. To provide the grinding or cutting
wheels with improved hoods and exhaust apparatus whereby the dust from the
work and the wheels may be collected and withdrawn and the liability of accident
from the bursting of carelessly placed wheels shall be avoided and Sixth. To
...

page_text: improve the construction of the grinding wheels and the means for centering and
securing the same on their mandrels.
These several objects of invention are accomplished by the mechanism hereinafter
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the explanatory sheets of drawings hereunto annexed the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a plan view with parts removed of a machine especially
suited for the grinding of car wheels and adapted to operate with four pairs or sets
of abrading wheels.
Figure 2 (Sheet 2) is a view in vertical section on line ab of figure 3 of the
axle bearing its housing and means for adjusting the same.
Figure 3 is a corresponding view in vertical section on line c-d of figure 2.
Figure 4 is a detail outer side view of one of the housings of the work holding
standards.
Figure 5 is a view in vertical section similar to figure 2 but showing the bearings
in position to receive the axle of the car wheels.
Figure 6 is a view in inner side elevation of one half of the machine.
Figure 7 is a side view partly in section of the screw jack and friction gear of
the mechanism for revolving the work.
Figure 8 is a plan view of the friction gear detached.
Figure 9 (Sheet 1) is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section on
line ef of figure 10.
Figure 10 is a corresponding view in vertical transverse section on line g- of
figure 9.
Figure 10 is a detail view partly. in vertical section of the conical friction
clutch.
Figure 11 (Sheet 2) is a view, in side elevation of a standard and wheels for
sustaining one pair of grinding wheels one wheel being removed and the hood of
the other being shown in vertical section.
Figure 12 is a corresponding view in front elevation of a standard and mechanism
for sustaining one pair of grinding wheels.
Figure 13 (Sheet 3) is a detail plan view of the cam-gear or pattern apparatus of
a shape especially adapted for grinding car-wheels.
Figure 14 is a corresponding view in vertical section on line i—k of figure 13
showing also adjacent parts.
Figure 15 is a corresponding view in vertical section on line -m of figure 14.
Figure 16 is a detail view partly in plan and partly in horizontal section of the
mechanism for compensating for the wear of the grinding wheels.
Figure 17 is a view in section on line no of figure 16.
Figure 17 is a view in vertical section on line p-q of figure 17.
Figure 18 is a view in section on line -s of figure 16.
Figure 18 is a detail of a portion of figure 16.
Figure 19 is a detail view in vertical longitudinal section of an emery grinding
wheel showing the manner of attaching the same.
Figure 20 is an inner side view of a portion of the emery wheel.
;
Figures 21 and 22 are respectively views in vertical-longitudinal and vertical
transverse section of a modified construction of bearing for the mandril of the
grinding wheels.
Figure 23 is a detail view of a modified form of pattern device and adjacent
parts.
Figure 24 is a detail plan view of the same.
Figure 25 is a detail view in vertical transverse section of the articulated joint
of the exhaust pipe.
Figure 26 is a detail view partly in plan and partly in horizontal transverse
section of a portion of the exhaust apparatus.

page_text: Figure 27 is a detail view in side elevation of a portion of the exhaust
apparatus.
Figure 28 is a detail view in section on line t-u of Figure 29 of a cut-off which
may be applied to limit automatically the travel of the main carriage.
Figure 29 is a corresponding view in section on line vw of figure 28.showing
the main spindle and portions of the cut-off in elevation.
Figure 30 is a plan view of one of the jaws of the cut-off and
Figure 31 is a view in side elevation of the cut-off mechanism to limit the travel
of the. main table.
Although in the annexed drawings the invention is illustrated as applied to
the grinding of railway car wheels it is to be distinctly understood that the
improvements specified are in many cases applicable also to the cutting abrading or
polishing of other cylindrical conical and conoidal bodies of metal wood stone or
the like materials.
A designates the bed plate or base of the machine to which between the four
sets of grinding wheels are secured the work holding standards A' by means of the
set bolts 1 which enter the T shaped channels 1º in the base. By this construction
the standards one or both can be readily adjusted to accomodate cylindrical bodies
of different lengths. The standards A¹ which are hollow castings are each provided
at the top with the extension 2 the side ledges 3 and the central slot 4 and upon
the top of these standards rest the housings A2 which have the flanges 5 adapted
to embrace the ledges 3 and thus retain the housings securely upon their seats.
The bottom of each of the outer flanges 5 is formed of a detachable strip attached
by means of screws and between these flanges and the corresponding ledges are
placed the friction key strips 5* which are rendered adjustable by means of set
screws and serve to compensate for any wear of parts and retain the housings
firmly upon the standards. From the base of each housing depends a cylindrical
extension 6. which passes through the slot 4 of the standard and bears a threaded
lug 7 through which extends the spindle A³ journalled at its ends in the top of the
standard. The spindles A³ are furnished as shown with suitable wrench-bars by
turning which the housings can be moved upon the standards and cylinders of
different diameters can thus be readily presented to the action of the cutting tools
upon one side of the machine. In the cylindrical extensions of the housings are
fitted the threaded sleeves 8 through which pass the spindles 9 to the top of which
are keyed the bottom pillow blocks 10 upon which rest the ends of the axle of the
cylinder to be ground. The tops of the housings are cut out as shown and within
the spaces thus formed rest the side pillow blocks 11 which are adjusted by means
of the set screws 12 and guided by the flanges 13; each of the housings is provided
upon its outer side with a trough shaped head or extension 14 containing the
mechanism for centering the cylinders preparatory to the adjustment of the pillow
blocks or bearings. The enlarged end 15 of the head 14 is perforated to receive
the plain cut away end of the short screw block 16 securely held therein. Over
the threaded portion of each screw block 16 fits an interiorly threaded screw
nut 17 provided upon its face with the loose annular friction plate 18 adapted to
bear against the end of the axle and prevent its longitudinal displacement. This
screw block 16 is furnished with a central perforation having screw threads in
reverse of those on its exterior and in this perforation fits a correspondingly
threaded pointed centre pin 19 which passes through a perforation in the screw
nut 17 and which is provided with the spline or key 20 adapted to fit a
corresponding groove in the screw nut so that the two shall turn together. On
the outside of the base standards A¹ below the flanges 5 may be fitted a scale or
division if desired to enable the more accurate and ready adjustment of the axles
of the work at right angles to the base standards.
In order to place the work as for example a pair of car wheels in position upon
the base standards preparatory to the grinding operation two moveable rails 20°
(figures 1 and 6) are provided at the front of the machine up which the wheels are
rolled until their axle comes to rest upon the iron shod wooden blocks 21 on the

page_text: extensions 2 of the base standards A¹. The pillow blocks sustaining the bearings
are now in the position shown in figure 5 of the drawings and from the wooden
blocks 21 the axle is rolled upon the bottom pillow blocks elevated to receive it.
The bottom pillow blocks are next lowered by their jacks or spindles until the
centre holes of the ends of the axle are opposite the conical points of the steel
centre pins 19 when by turning the screw nuts 17 backwards towards the ends 15
of the housings the centre pins by reason of their reversed threads are caused to
advance and enter the centre holes of the axle. By this means the axle is
accurately centred. This done the pillow blocks are moved up by their set of
screws until the axle is securely held in the bearings when the screw nuts 17 are
turned in reverse direction thereby causing them to withdraw the pins from the
centre holes and to force the annular friction plates 18 against the ends of the axle.
The car wheels will thus be securely held in position to be ground and by turning
the spindle A³ the wheels can be presented to the action of the grinding wheels
located upon one side of the machine.
✓
The mechanism for imparting motion to the body to be ground is illustrated in
figures 1, 6; 7, and 8 of the drawings where it is shown as applied to a machine
for grinding car wheels. It consists essentially of a train B of friction rollers or
pulleys which is caused to operate upon the treads of the wheels by means of a
lifting jack B¹. Three friction pulleys 22, 23 and 24 are shown although it is
obvious that more or less may be employed. These pulleys which are formed of
alternate discs of rubber-cloth and rubber firmly clamped by screws 25 between
the metal plates 26 are sustained between the journal arms 27.
The upper
pulley 22 is keyed to the shaft B2 which passes loosely through the enlarged
upper ends of the arm 27 extends from side to side of the machine and is
supported by the journal standards 28 which are bolted to the base plate of the
machine. This shaft B is provided at one end with a worm wheel 29 which
receives motion from a worm gear on the counter shaft 30 which is journalled in
the standards 31 and is driven by the pulley 32 suitably connected by a belt to the
overhead shaft. The pulley 23 is journalled in the oblong slots or bearings 33 of
the arms 27 and similar slotted bearings 34 are formed for the axle of the pulley 24.
At the base of the slotted bearings 34 are held the moveable journal blocks 35
which are adjusted by means of the set screws 36 and thus serve to keep the
pulleys pressed firmly together. The lower ends of the arms 27 are connected to the
yoke 37 attached to the top of the rod 38 which is held in a manner free to slide
within a socket in the screw headed standard 39 which is hinged by trunnion
bearings to the base 40 of the jack. Around the screw threaded standard 39 fits
the interiorly threaded casing 41 the enlarged upper portion 42 of which contains
the rubber cushion 43 and is covered by the cap 44 which fits around the rod 38
below the yoke 37 and above the disc 45. The casing 41 is provided with the
hand wheel 46 for operating the same. When a pair of car wheels has been placed
in position to be ground and motion is to be imparted thereto the hand wheel 46 is
to be turned until the casing 41 is lifted sufficiently to force the pulley 24 against
the perimeter of the wheels to be operated upon and as this pulley receives motion
through the train B from the shaft B2 it will cause the wheels to revolve. The
function of the rubber cushion 43 is to maintain a constant pressure of the friction
pulley upon the car wheel despite any slight irregularities of the latter and the
reduction of the wheel in the grinding operation. The screw jack is for convenience
placed within a pit below the base of the machine and although one jack and
friction train only are illustrated in the drawings it is obvious that if desired for
certain classes of work more may be employed. From the above described
construction it will be apparent that whatever may be the diameter of the wheel
or cylinder to be ground the friction roller 24 can be readily forced against the
same by means of the lifting jack and by applying the motive power to the
perimeters instead of to the centres as heretofore of the bodies to be ground a
uniform rate of surface speed in a given time is imparted to bodies of different
diameter without the labour and loss of time incident to the changing of gear

page_text: wheels of pulleys and the like in order to attain the maximum speed for abrasion.
A further and important advantage of this construction is that it secures a uniform
smooth motion without vibrations or sudden jerks of the work which occur when
cog gearing is employed and which produce corrugations or irregularities upon the
surface of the body in the grinding or polishing operation.
It will be understood that when the work is once set in the standards and the
friction driving mechanism is made to bear against the periphery thereof that said
standards and driving mechanism remain stationary until the grinding is finished
save only for such slight adjustment of the driving mechanism to and from the
work as may be necessary from time to time to ensure proper frictional contact
with the periphery thereof. In other words since the standards and driving
mechanism remain at fixed relation to each other a perfectly uniform rotation is
imparted to the work so that at all stages of the grinding process the same number
of lineal feet in any given' period is subjected to the action of the abraders. The
driving power being applied to the periphery of the work as described necessarily
rotates it at a regular unvarying speed.
The mechanism by which the four sets of grinding wheels are sustained and
operated rests upon four separate main standards C two at the front and two at
the back of the machine as indicated in figure 1 of the drawings. As the operating
mechanism of each set of grinding wheels is with the exceptions to be hereinafter
noted exactly the same a description of the mechanism of one set will serve for all.
The base A of the machine beneath the main standard C is provided with the
T shaped slots or channels 50 within which rest the heads of the adjusting screw
bolts 51 which pass through the bottom flange 52 of the main standard. On the
base between the slots 50 is bolted the rack bar 51° over which fits the chamber 52°
formed in the main standard. In the front of the standard C are formed the
lugs 53 in which is journalled the cog wheel C¹ which meshes with the rack 51º.
Around the axle of this cog wheel and within the journal lugs 53 fits the yoke 54
of the lever 55 and to this yoke is pivotted as shown a double pointed dog or
pawl 56 which engages with the teeth of the cog wheel. From this construction
it will be seen that when it becomes necessary to remove either of the main
standards C towards the work to be ground the nuts of the adjusting bolts 51
must be first loosened and the dog or pawl 56 is thrown over upon the side of the
lever 55 next the standard (see figure 9) or in reverse position to that shown in
the drawing Figure 11. Now by operating the lever 55 the dog causes the cog to
rotate which meshing in the fixed rack bar forces the standard to advance and
when thus brought to the desired position it is secured there by means of the
adjusting bolts. To retract the main standard the above operation is of course
reversed. The top of the main standard C which is cut away as shown is provided
at each side with the ledges 57 the rails or shears 58 and the inclined guide
ways 59 and from end to end of this standard extends the main screw threaded
feeding shaft or spindle C³ the smooth portions of the ends of which are journalled
in suitable bearings 60 and 61. The bearing 60 is countersunk as shown to permit
the insertion of a wrench bar over the squared end of the spindle and to the
bearing 61 is secured an annular cap 62 which fits around the reduced portion of
the spindle and guards the same from longitudinal displacement. Upon the rails
or shears 58 of the main standard C rests. the main table D which is furnished at
each side of its bottom with the longitudinal guide ways or grooves 63 adapted to
move upon these rails and the flanges 64 which embrace the ledges 57.
bottoms of the flanges 64 are formed as shown of detachable strips 65
securely held in place by set screws. The top of the main plate D is provided
with the inclined or dovetailed guide ways 66 which extend across the main
table at right angles to the rails 58 of the main standards C. Upon these.
guide ways 66 is sustained the slide rest carriage E which is preferably
formed of separable parts securely bolted together the lower portion 67 (Figures 10;
11 and 12) of this carriage is provided upon each side with the dependent dovetail
flanges 68 and 69 which embrace the guide ways 66 of the main table and between
The

page_text: the flange 69 and the corresponding guide way is inserted the friction strip 70
which is adjusted by means of set screws in order to compensate for wear of parts
and thus secure accurate movement of the slide rest carriage. The upper portion 71
of the slide rest carriage is a hollow yoke shaped casting and within its two
sides 72 and 73 is placed the lower slide rest F which carries the grinding wheel G.
The bottom of the slide rest F is formed with the dependent dovetail flanges 74
which fit over the dovetail guide ways 75 on the top of the lower portion 67 of
the slide rest carriage and between one of the flanges 74 and its guide way is
placed an adjustable friction strip 76 (figure 12). The upper portion of the slide
rest carriage is provided at its top with the dovetail guide ways 77 (Figure 10)
over which fit the dependent flanges 78 of the upper slide rest F which carries the
grinding wheel G'. This slide rest F¹ is formed in two separable parts 79 and 80
clamped together by means of the set screws 81 which pass through the oblong
slots 82 of the part 79 and into the projections 83 on the top of the part 80. To
the underside of the part 79 is bolted the threaded lug 84 (figure 9) through
which passes the adjusting screw 85 which extends without the side of the
. portion 80 and is furnished with a suitable hand wheel for operating the same.
The purpose of this construction of the upper slide rest is to allow a slight
independent longitudinal movement to be given to the upper grinding wheel in
order to bring the same into accurate alignment with its companion wheel below.
This as will be readily seen can be effected by turning the hand wheel of the
adjusting screw 85 until the two grinding wheels G and G¹ are accurately aligned
when the set screws 81 will firmly clamp the two parts of the upper slide rest
together. The slide rests F and F are each provided with the bracket arms 86
the expanded ends 87 of which are bored out to constitute the journal bearings for
the mandrels 88 of the grinding wheels G and G. The mandrels 88 are secured
in their bearings by jam nuts 89 at their inner ends and are each driven by a
pulley 90 which receives motion from a belt leading to the overhead shaft.
For some classes of work as for example calender rolls having highly polished
surfaces spring seated bearings for the spindles 88 will be used to avoid any
possible vibration of the grinding or polishing wheels. This form of bearing is
illustrated in the detail views figures 21 and 22 Sheet 3. The expanded ends 87
of the arms 86 are each bored out and provided with the seats T in which rest the
slide plates t bearing the rubber cushions t¹ the pressure of which is regulated by
means of the adjusting screws t. Between each set of rubber cushions t' and
resting thereon is the rubber cylinder t³ which fits over the journal box t through
which passes the spindle 88. This journal box t has one end formed with the
flange to to fit over an enlargement on the spindle 88 and with the flange to of
greater diameter than the bore of the end 87 of the bracket arm and has its
opposite end fitted with a flange or ring t7 of greater diameter than the bore of the
cover plate to which is bolted to the end 87 of the arm.
A suitable lubricating device consisting of the oil reservoir T¹ the drip cup T
and delivering and discharge tubes are preferably used with this improved form of
bearing. The spindles of the grinding wheels are thus held in such manner as to
be able to yield in a radial direction to compensate for possible vibration of the
slide rest but are guarded securely against any longitudinal movement by the
flanges of the journal boxes.
It will be noticed from the foregoing description that the grinding wheels of
each set are brought into exact vertical alignment with relation to the bearings of
the work holding standards so that their points of contact with the work shall
always be equidistant from the horizontal plane passing through the axis of the
work as sustained in its bearings. This feature is of especial importance since by
such arrangement the abrading wheels are caused to operate in unison upon coequal
sections of the body upon which they are acting whether it be a plain cylinder or
conical or conoidal or composite as in the case of a car wheel tread. If this
symmetry in arrangement of the grinding wheels were not carefully observed the
machine could not be adapted to the great variety of work as specified, because in

page_text: adjusting one of the wheels to the surface to be reduced the other moving in
unison therewith would not take the same adjustment with respect to such surface
unless said wheel were in exactly like relation to the said surface and its axis.
Inasmuch as the adjustment of the wheels to and from the surface to be abraded
is effected automatically as hereinafter described the significance of this precision
in the arrangement of the wheels symmetrically becomes even more manifest as
indeed it is the only means by which an automatic adjustment to work of greatly
varying contour can be effected with certainty.
In order to bring the grinding wheel in proper relative position for preliminary
contact with the work the slide rests F and F are provided respectively with the
dependent threaded lugs f and fi which move in the cut away spaces of the upper
and lower portions of the slide rest carriage E through which pass the threaded-
spindles F and F³. These spindles are journalled as shown in the top front and
rear ledges of the upper and lower portions of the slide rest carriage and each is
provided near its end with the friction cone f' over which fits the conical bore of a
worm wheelf as clearly shown in the detail view figure 10. Connected to or
formed integral with the worm wheel is the threaded nut f having its outer ⚫
surface in shape of a hand wheel for convenience in operating the same; meshing
with the worm wheels fs are worm gears on the vertical shaft f* the lower end of
the said shaft being journalled in the lower portion of the slide rest carriage and
its upper end being furnished with a suitable hand wheel.
The shaft F is braced about its middle by the journal bracket f³ attached to
the upper portion of the slide rest carriage E and upon this shaft is also keyed the
spring seated friction disc or plate M¹ the function of which will hereinafter
appear.
In order to operate both of the spindles F2 and F3 simultaneously and to the
same extent by means of the shaft F the threaded nuts fare turned sufficiently
to force the worm wheels f3 into firm frictional contact with the cones f2 when by-
revolving the hand wheel of the shaft the spindles F2 and F3 will move the slide
rests F and F as desired. It will be noticed that by withdrawing either of the
worm wheels f³ from contact with its cone f the corresponding spindle will be
thrown out of gear and can then be operated if desired by a key crank passed over
the squared end; or either spindle may be operated independently by the shaft F
by throwing the friction surfaces of the other out of gear. This feature is of
especial importance in accurately adjusting the positions of the grinding wheels at
the beginning of the operation. The mechanism for operating the grinding wheels
is shown in the accompanying drawings as of a construction especially suited to
the grinding of car wheels. This therefore will first be described and the slight
modifications requisite to adapt the same to the grinding of other irregular and of
plain cylindrical bodies will be subsequently indicated'
Within the cut away space in the top of the main standard C and upon the
inclined guide ways 59 rests the pattern slide H having upon its sides the inclined
grooves 91 which fit over the guide ways 59 and retain the pattern slide securely
in place thereon. To the bottom of this pattern slide is attached by screw bolts a
threaded collar 92 having preferably an exterior sleeve of babbit metal which fits
over the main spindle C. The upper surface of the pattern slide H is depressed as
shown and within the space thus formed is held by set screws the toothed pattern
cam H the construction of which is best illustrated in the detail views figures 13;
14, and 15 of the drawing. This cam consists of the base plate 93 to which is
screwed the cam faced plates 94 and 95 the shape of which is determined by that
of the cylindrical body to be ground being more or less curved as may be the
perimeter of such body. These cam plates 94 and 95 are fixed at such distance
apart as to form the cam groove 96 and upon the top of the plate 94 and preferably
formed integral therewith is the cam rack bar 97 which conforms to the shape of
the cam plate beneath it. Within the cam groove 96 travels the plain end of the
shaft I which is furnished with the pinion 98 meshing in the rack bar 97 and with
a flanged glide sleeve 99 adapted to move in the oblong transverse slot 100 formed

page_text: in the top of the main table D. Within the depressed portion of the top of the main
table D and around the shaft I is held the collar 101 which is screwed to the under-
side of the slide rest carriage E. The shaft I as clearly shown in figure 10 passes
through the slide rest carriage and carries at its top the hand wheel I' and about
midway its length the worm wheel 102 keyed thereto. From the above construction
it will be seen that if motion is imparted to the shaft I either by turning the hand
wheel I in the direction of the arrow figure 10 or by the worm wheel 102 the
pinion 98 will be forced to traverse the rack bar 97 the plain end of the shaft will.
travel in the tram groove 96 the main table D and the mechanism sustained thereby
will be moved longitudinally and at the same time since the shaft I is free to move
in the slot 100 of the main table the slide rest carriage E will receive a motion at
right angles to that of the main table D. Hence it is apparent that the course
followed by the grinding wheels will describe a curve corresponding exactly with
that of the cam groove of the pattern cam. In the drawings the pattern cam is
shown as of a shape or adapted for the grinding of car wheels and the grinding
wheels during their operation will accordingly follow the contour of such wheels.
In order to impart a constant movement to the shaft I and consequently to the
grinding wheels from the source of power a worm shaft K is arranged to mesh with
the worm wheel 102. This worm shaft passes through the slide rest carriage E
the side 72 of which bears the journal block 103 and the swinging journal
cover 104 figure 11 each having double journal seats or bearings for the worm
shaft and the side 73 of which is provided with a bracket 105 carrying the swivel
journal bearing 106 of the worm shaft K. The purpose in thus journalling the
worm shaft is to enable the same to be placed in or out of gear with the worm
wheels 102 as it is desired to move the shaft I by power or by hand and this can
readily be done by shifting the shaft from one to the other of the bearings in the
journal block 103 and cover 104. Motion is imparted to the worm shaft K by
means of the speed pulley 107 driven by the belt 108 from the speed pulley 109
which with its connected band pulley 110 is sustained by the journal brackets 111
attached to the main table D. The band pulley 110 receives motion from the band
pulley 112 on the short shaft 113 which is sustained by the journal standards 114
and is driven by the belt 115 from the main shaft B2 (Figure 1). In order to keep
a constant tension of the belt 108 connecting the speed pulleys 107 and 109 there
is attached to the side 73 of the slide rest carriage E a pivot pin 120 upon which
is sustained the bell crank lever 121 carrying upon one arm the idler 122 which
bears against the belt 108 and upon the other arm a weight 123. This belt
tightener serves effectually to prevent the slackening of the belt 108 when the slide
rest carriage E is moved forward. In figures 23 and 24 is illustrated a modified
form of pattern mechanism. In this construction the pattern cam consists of a
conoidal body X of a shape determined by that of the body to be ground and
provided with a continuous spiral groove around its perimeter. This cam body X
is keyed to the main feeding shaft which in this instance is plain and is guarded
from longitudinal displacement by the yokes x which depend from the pattern
slide H and fit around the shaft C³. To the bottom of the slide rest carriage E is
screwed the bracket X' which passes through the oblong slot a¹ of the main table D
and between the arms of which is journalled the tracing wheel X* which enters the
spiral groove in the conoidal body X. Through the front of the main standard B
which is cut away for its admission projects the guide cam plate X³ sustained by
the bracket 2. By revolving the shaft the tracing wheel is caused to move
along the spiral groove of the conoidal body and in so doing describes a course in
accordance with the shape of such body which is pre-determined by the contour of
the surface to be ground. The tracing wheel imparts movement to the main table
and slide rest carriage as does the shaft I heretofore described. From the foregoing
description it is apparent as already stated that by substituting pattern cams
of different shapes the grinding wheels can be automatically moved in any desired
direction with respect to the axis of the cylinder to be ground. If now a plain
cylinder of uniform diameter is to be ground the necessary movement of the

page_text: grinding wheels along the same can be effected either by the use of a straight rack
bar upon the pattern slide or by dispensing with the pattern plate and the shafts I
and K and moving the main table D by means of the main feed spindle C² the main
table and the pattern slide being in such case suitably connected together by
a coupling pin.
In figures 28, 29, 30 and 31 of the drawings is shown the preferred manner of
connecting the main table D with the main spindle C³ especially when long plain
cylinders such as shafting calender rolls or the like are to be ground or polished.
It will be readily understood that in operating upon this class of work the main
standard or beds C upon each side of the machine will be preferably formed in one
as indicated by dotted lines-in figure 1 so that the grinding wheels can be given a
much longer travel. It is also advantageous especially in grinding long plain
cylinders to arrest the movement of the main table D automatically at any desired
point. This is accomplished by the mechanism now. to be described.
Around the main spindle C clasps a divided segmental screw nut the halves 8 of
which are attached to the enlarged ends of the clutch arms 8' which are pivotted
upon the bolts & passing through the plates S, the flanges s' of which are bolted as
shown to the underside of the main table D. The plates S are held securely
together by the tie bolts so and within these plates and between the arms 8¹ is
placed the disc S¹ which is keyed to the spindle sand is provided with the cam
slots through which pass the pins 87 attached to the arms 8¹. The spindle S*
which is journalled in the plates S has keyed upon its ends the levers S³ and from
the foregoing construction it will be seen that by turning either of these levers a
partial revolution will be imparted to the disc S₁ which will cause the pins 87 to
ride up in the cam slots 8 and thus elevate the free ends of the arms s' and
lift the segmental nut out of the gear of the main spindle and arrest the
movement of the main table. In order to elevate the clutch arms &¹ automatically
at any desired point a threaded cam nut S' is fixed at such point upon the main
spindle. This nut is provided with the enlarged cam face 8 and the reduced split
back portion 8 having dependent ears which may be drawn together by the
clamp 810 in order to guard cam nut from displacement on the spindle. Now when
the main table D in its travel across the main standard or bed reaches the point at
which its movement is to be arrested the lever S³ rides upon the face of the cam
nut and thus automatically disconnects the segmental nut from the main- spindle
and brings the main table to rest. In grinding plain cylinders the main table D
and slide rest carriage are to be connected together by means of the coupling
pin 114 Figure 12 which will prevent the transverse movement of the slide rest
carriage.
The mechanism for automatically compensating for the wearing away of the
grinding wheels and keeping the same fed constantly up to the work is illustrated
in detail in figures 16, 17, 17" 18 and 18 of the drawings.
To the underside of the top of the slide rest carriage E are attached the journal
brackets 150 which sustain the flanged tubular shaft M carrying upon its front end
the friction wheels 151. This friction wheel is held upon its shaft by a set screw
in such manner that its position thereon can be varied at pleasure and it bears
upon the top of the friction disc M² which is pressed upward by the spiral spring 152
and is keyed to the shaft F*.
Within the tubular shaft M and in a manner free to slide therein rests a portion
of the shaft M² provided with the groove 153 adapted to receive a corresponding
key of the tubular shaft so that the shaft M2 will communicate its movement to
the shaft M irrespective of its position therein. The shaft M² projects into and is
journalled in the extension 154 of the tubular casing M³ and carries upon its end
the worm wheel 155 which moves within the enlargement 156 of the casing. The
casing M³ has a bore of varying diameter within which is sustained the shaft 157
of what I designate the compensating roller M. The shaft 157 is guarded against
longitudinal movement by reason of its enlarged part bearing against the contracted
bore of the casing and by the screw cap 158 of the casing within which the conical

page_text: end of the shaft revolves. On this shaft is formed the worm gear which meshes
with the worm wheel 155. Upon the front side of the casing M³ is formed the
pillow extension 159 the chamber of which exceeds the bore of the casing to the
centre of which it extends. Within the chamber of this extension rests the journal
block 160 which constitutes half the bearing for the journal of the shaft 157 and
back of this journal block and bearing against the same is the spiral spring 161 the.
tension of which can be adjusted by means of the screw cap 162. The casing M³
is braced at one end by the dependent bracket 163 which carries the slide rod 164
sustained by the standard 165 bolted to one of the dust collecting hoods to be
hereinafter described and is braced centrally by the bent T shaped slide bracket 166.
The head of this bracket 166 is bolted as shown to the casing M³ and its end moves
between guide strips upon the side 72 of the slide rest carriage and is slotted to
receive the adjusting screw 167 (figure 11) which clamps the end and thus retains
the casing M³ and compensating roller M in any desired position. The operation
of the compensating mechanism is as follows.
When at the outset the grinding wheels have been adjusted into proper contact
with the body to be ground and revolution has been imparted to the body as
beretofore described the compensating roller M* which is midway between the
grinding wheels G and G' is brought to bear lightly upon the revolving body just
below the upper grinding wheel in the space cut thereby and is there retained by
clamping the adjusting screw 167. The contact between the revolving body and
the compensating wheel at this time is not quite sufficient to cause the latter to
move. If now however the grinding wheel becomes worn away to such an extent
that it fails to cut, say for example the wear is ✓ of an inch the diameter of
the body being ground is at its point of contact with the compensating roller
proportionately larger and the pressure between the two becomes so great as to
cause the compensating roller to revolve. The revolution of this roller imparts
motion to the worm wheel 155 the shafts M2 and M the friction wheel 151 the
friction disc M¹ the shaft F and the spindles F2 and F3 and thus cause the slide
rests and their grinding wheel to advance until the latter again cut into the
revolving body and reduce its diameter sufficiently to prevent its moving the
compensating roller. This operation is repeated as often as the grinding
wheels become appreciably worn. As the motion of the compensating roller is
communicated to the slide rest by means of the worm gears and friction wheels
the speed of the motion is greatly diminished and the sensitiveness of the roller is
correspondingly increased. The speed transmitted can be varied at pleasure by so
adjusting the friction wheel 151 upon its shaft as to cause it to travel on
the friction disc M at different distances from the centre. The hoods to which the
dust exhausting apparatus is connected consist each of a cast iron casing P which
fits around the grinding wheel and is sustained by means of the standard 2 affixed
to the outer arm of the slide rest. The cover 2 of the casing is removeable to
allow the insertion of the grinding wheel and is held in place by screws.
In the
under side or bottom of the casing P is placed an adjustable dust hopper P¹
carrying the set screw p² which passes through the slot p³ of the cover and by
means of the set screw the mouth of the hopper is fixed in close proximity to the
body being ground and thus readily collects the sparks and dust. In the top of
the casing P as shown in figure 11 is placed the hinged valve 2 which fits snugly
the walls of the casing and is operated by the thumb screw p³. The purpose of
this valve is to compel the entire exhaust to be drawn from the bottom of the
casing where the dust deposited and to this end the position of the valve is
changed as the grinding wheel wears away. The upper and lower casings P are
connected together by means of the exhaust pipe po which extends from the
angular bottom of one casing to that of the other. This pipe is connected to the
casing by suitable pivotted joints and has at its middle a telescopic joint in order
to allow the independent movement of the slide rests. To the inner side of the
lower casing P is attached the flexible exhaust pipe P2 which connects with the
pipe P³ leading to an exhaust fan or blower. By this construction of hood and

page_text: exhaust mechanisin the particles of dust and metal are readily collected and
withdrawn.
A further advantage of the hoods is that they serve to prevent accidents from
the breakage of wheels which are defective or have been carelessly fixed to their
shafts.
In figures 25, 26 and 27 is shown in detail a modified form of exhaust pipe
connection especially adapted for use where the grinding wheels travel from end to
end of a long carriage bed or main standard.
་
To the base A .of the machine about midway of the long table indicated by
dotted lines in figure 1 of the drawing is fixed the standard 171 to which is
connected or formed integral therewith the elbow pipe 172. To one of the
branches 173 of this elbow is attached by a cone joint 174 the discharge pipe 175
leading out from the machine and to the other branch 176 is attached the pipe
section 177 having arms or branches 178 to which are connected the flexible
pipe 179 leading each to a set of wheels. The pipe section 177 is provided with
the conical end 180 which enters the conical bored end of the branch 176 and
with flange 181 which fits over the flange 182 and is held thereon by means of the
ring 183 screwed to the flange 181. Between the flanges 181 and 182 is placed
the rubber ring 184 which retains the parts in proper bearing contact. In the end
of the elbow pipe 172 is placed an injector 185 of suitable construction having a
cone valve 186 to control the action of the same. The pipe section 177 is thus
free to turn so that the injury of the flexible tubes by kinking as the grinding
wheels travel from side to side of the machine is avoided.
The improved construction of grinding wheels and the mandril for sustaining
the same is illustrated in the detail view 19 and 20 of the drawings.
Centrally of the inner side of the emery wheel G and fixed thereto in the process
of moulding the wheel is the depressed flange plate g the sides of which may be
slightly inclined. In this wheel are also moulded the metal tubes g¹ preferably
three or four in number the bores of which lie below the plate g having
perforations to correspond therewith: The expanded g³ of the mandrel 88 is
provided with threaded perforations corresponding in number with the tubes of
the emery wheel G and its periphery is adapted to fit snugly within the flanged
plate g.
In order to attach the grinding wheel to the mandrel the plate g is placed over
the end g³ and through the metal tubes gl'are passed the bolts g having threaded
ends to receive the clamp nuts 95. Upon the outside of the wheel G is placed the
washer go and it will be seen that by turning the clamping nuts g the wheel is
firmly and accurately secured to the expanded end of its mandrel.
Grinding wheels of emery or corundum as ordinarily made are furnished with a
central hole in which fits the reduced end of a mandrel upon which the wheel is
retained by means of a washer forced, directly against the body of the wheel.
A great difficulty experienced in attaching to a mandrel a wheel of such con-
struction arises from the liability to crush the texture of the wheel by forcing the
washers too tightly thereon. On the other hand if the washers be not clamped
sufficiently tight the centrifugal force exerted upon the wheel will be sustained at
its centre by the mandrel instead of being borne by the washers from points nearer
the periphery and it will readily be seen that under such conditions the tendency
of the wheel to burst when revolving at a high rate of speed is much increased.
Effort has been made to avoid this by making the washers very broad and thus
increasing their bearing surface but this has the disadvantage of diminishing the
effective size of the wheel.
By the said improved construction of wheel its most accurate centering and
secure attachment is obtained and at the same time its grinding capacity is in effect
increased by the reduction of the size of the washer. The washers which bear
firmly against the ends of the metallic tubes can be forced to the extreme without
danger of crushing the texture of the wheel and the clamping bolts and flanged
plate also aid in sustaining the wheel securely in exact position.
---

page_text: Having now. described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim is :-
First. In a grinding machine the combination with the grinding mechanism of
the means for adjusting, and sustaining the work on its journals in position to be
ground substantially as described.
Second. The mechanism herein described for centreing the work to be ground
upon the work holding standards.
Tbird. The combination with the work holding standards and with the laterally
adjustable housings having adjustable bearing blocks sustained therein.of the main
standards carrying the grinding mechanism said main standards being adjustable to
and from the work holding standards substantially as described.
Fourth. The means heretofore described for imparting uniform rotation to the
work being ground by contact with the periphery thereof.
'
Fifth. The combination with the work holding standards and with the carriage
of two grinding or cutting wheels sustained substantially as described and adapted
to move in unison said wheels being arranged at equal distance from the horizontal
plane passing through the axis of the work as sustained in its standards.
Sixth. The combination with the main standards of the improved mechanism
substantially as shown and described for sustaining and moving and adjusting the
grinding wheels.
Seventh. The combination with two grinding wheels sustained and adapted to
move in unison substantially as before described of the pattern surface arranged and
adapted to direct the movement of said grinding wheels substantially as set forth.
Eighth. In a grinding machine the combination with the grinding wheels of
compensating mechanism substantially as set forth for automatically advancing
said grinding wheels as they become worn away substantially as described.
Ninth. The improved enclosing hoods and exhaust mechanism for the grinding
wheels constructed substantially as described.
Tenth. The improved means substantially as herein described for connecting the
grinding wheels to their mandrels.
In witness whereof I the said Edwin Powley Alexander have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty sixth day of November in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.