IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND GLAZING OF. ROOFS IN HORTICULTURAL AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND IN THE VENTILATION OF THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Barham; of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND GLAZING OF.
ROOFS IN HORTICULTURAL AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND IN THE VENTILATION
OF THE SAME."
Scaled the 12th January 1877, and dated the 30th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Barham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1876.
HENRY BARHAM, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND GLAZING OF ROOFS IN HORTICULTURAL AND OTHER STRUCTURES,
AND IN THE VENTILATION OF THE SAME.'
ور
My Invention relates to all kinds of glass roofs or large "skylights" and horti-
cultural buildings, and is designed to enable workmen to construct, repair, or glaze
such roofs and buildings from the.interior without the use of putty, any one or more
panes or sheets of glass being capable of removal for the purpose of repairs or
cleaning, and others inserted without disturbing the rest.
The Invention also relates to a more perfect means of ventilation and economy in
construction.
My Invention consists,-
First. In the use of peculiarly formed clips and holders for securing and supporting
the panes or sheets of glass, and in the peculiar method in which these clips and
holders are used.
Seconly. In forming the ridge roll in the manner herein-after described, so as to
form a movable joint or hinge in conjunction with wing pieces or slips, by which
means the same can be elevated at their outer edge longitudinally, thus forming
ventilators when desired.
And, Thirdly. In canting the plate of the side frames, forming thereby eavesboard
and cornice, as herein-after described.
My first improvement consists in the employment or use of bifurcated clips, made
of copper or other metal in conjunction with other pieces of metal, which I call
holders," by which the panes or sheets of glass are held securely in their position
Price Bdl

page_text: when placed upon horizontal bars, supported on common rafters in the usual way;
these clips are made by cutting a piece of sheet copper or other metal to the shape
shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings; this is then bent to the form
shown at a in Figure 2, which represents the clip in side view. The "holders" b
are cut also from sheet metal in the form shown in Figure 3. The rafters may be
4 feet apart, and horizontal bars running in the way of a common "purline" will
extend the whole length of the roof or intended glazed portion or skylight," and
may be about two inches by one inch in section, secured to the rafters by screws at
distances suiting the length or dimensions of the sheets of glass, and allowing the
glass to overlap at each bar about a quarter of an inch. The clips before described
are placed one at each corner of the glass, and each clip holds or secures by its
bifurcated and turned up end two panes or sheets and the other part of the clip,
passing in under the glass is itself secured by the "holding" piece before shown.
The bifurcation and peculiar form of the upper part of the metal clip allows it to
accommodate itself to and equally and effectually press upon both sheets, whether
they agree exactly in thickness or not. Between the "clips" and in the lap of the
glass are inserted slips of metal of the same thickness as that of which the clips are
made of the form shown at Figure 4, the projection d being bent down at right
angles; these form stops or conductors for carrying off the condensed vapours.
My second improvement consists in the peculiar construction of the ridge, whereby
a perfect and extensive ventilator is obtained throughout the entire length of the
building, if required, by forming the "roll" on top of the ridge piece of sheet metal
or galvanized iron bent in the hollow form shown in section, Figure 5, which being
fastened to and along the top of the ridge piece, forms on each side of it a scroll to
receive a similar scroll formed along one edge (as shown in Figure 6) of a metal
strip or wing piece, thus forming a hinge for the wing piece to work upon, and
allow it to be elevated at its outer edge to any required extent by means of levers
(or otherwise) fixed and worked on the inside of the building, as the case may
require.
My third improvement consists in canting the plate of the side framing to the
angle to suit the pitch of the roof, forming thereby the eavesboard, on which the
bottom ends of the lowest panes or sheets of glass are secured; the front of it can
also be made to form a bold cornice, and the inside may be hollowed out to fit the
top rail of the side lights, which obviates the necessity of a stop bead, shown in
Figure 7 as shown.
To assist in removing a pane of glass a small tool or instrument of thin metal, &c.
formed as shown in Figure 8, may be used, the end c being slipped down between
the glass, the edge being formed by turning down a portion, which when it passes
outside beyond the lower end of the glass to be removed, springs up and catches
the edge of the glass, and then by the handle it is drawn up above the lap.
I am aware that pieces of bent metal have been used before for securing or
holding panes of glass in repairs, but in all such cases they were bent in an
form, and a pane or sheet of glass could not be withdrawn on the inside and another
inserted, and one pane was dependent on the one below it, but never used or formed
in such a manner that one clip holds the corners of two panes, and to permit of the
glass being removed from the inside and replaced without disturbing others.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Barham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th April
1877.
HENRY BARHAM, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND GLAZING OF ROOFS IN HORTICULTURAL AND OTHER STRUCTURES,
AND IN THE VENTILATION OF THE SAME."

page_text: My Invention relates to all kinds of glazed roofs or skylights, horticultural and
other buildings, such as photographic studios, and has for its object to enable the
workman, both in constructing and repairing such roofs and buildings, to glaze the
same from the interior without the use of putty, and to readily remove one or more
panes of glass for repairs or cleaning and replace them by others without disturbing
the remainder.
The Invention is also designed to ensure more perfect ventilation, and effect an
economy in the cost of construction.
My Invention consists, 1stly, in the employment of the bifurcated clips, as hereafter
described, in conjunction or not with other pieces of metal called "holders" to retain
the panes of glass securely in position.
My Invention consists, 2ndly, in the peculiar construction of the ridge of the roof,
whereby perfect ventilation is obtained throughout the entire length of the building
if required. I form the "roll" on top of the ridge piece of sheet metal bent to a
hollow form, and fastened along the top of the ridge piece, so as to form on each side
of it a spiral chamber or scroll, in which flaps or wing pieces of metal having a
similar scroll are received and work as on a hinge.
"
My Invention consists, 3rdly, in "canting" the "plate" of the side frames of a
conservatory or horticultural building to suit the angle or pitch of the roof, forming
thereby the eavesboard, upon which the bottom ends of the lowest panes of glass are
secured; the front of this can be made also to form a bold cornice, and the under
side may be hollowed out to fit the top rail of the side lights, which will obviate the
necessity of a stop bead.
In order that my Invention may be more readily understood I will proceed to
describe it in detail with reference to the various Figures of the accompanying
Drawings, in which the same parts are indicated by the same letters of reference.
Figure 1 represents in perspective a bifurcated clip as used when the panes
butt" or touch only at the sides without overlapping (as shown in Figures 11 and
12), but when the sides of the panes overlap the clips need not be bifurcated, as the
single clip holds the two thicknesses of glass quite securely.
"
Figure 2 shows one of the holders by which the clips are secured in place, the
said holders being themselves screwed or otherwise fixed to the horizontal bars
of the roof.
The clips are cut out of sheet copper or other metal to the shape shown in
Figure 3, and then bent to the form shown in Figure 1.
Figure 4 represents a modification consisting of a clip and holder combined, or
made of one piece of metal. In this case the part a is longer than in Figure 3, and
is bent down, as shown, to form a holder, which is secured to the bar of the roof,
as in the former case. I prefer this combined clip and holder as being simpler.,
Figure 5 shows the way in which the clips are fixed and hold the panes. The
clips A are attached to horizontal bars B fixed on the rafters C of the roof, and
running in the manner of a common purlin the whole length of the roof or skylight,
or glazed portion; these bars B would be fixed at distances suiting the dimensions
of the panes of glass, allowing the bottom edge of one pane to overlap the pane next
below about a quarter of an inch. The clips A are placed at the lower corners of
the panes D, and each clip holds or secures by its bifurcated and turned up end two
adjacent panes of glass. The clip passes between the lap of the panes, as shown,
and is itself secured to the bar B by the holder E before mentioned, or by a screw
only if it is made in the combined form, Figure 3. The bifurcation and peculiar
form of the upper part of the clip allows it to accommodate itself to and press upon
effectually both adjacent panes, whether they are of exactly equal thickness or not.
The method of fixing the panes from the interior will be readily understood. The
one pane overlaps the other about a quarter of an inch just above the bar B. Two
clips A are inserted, one at each of the lower corners of the pane to be fixed, and the
holder-E-is-screwed-to-the bar-B,-as-shown.-
In the lap of the glass between the clips I insert a strip of metal of the same
thickness as the metal of the clips, and of the shape shown in Figure 6; to serve as

page_text: a "stop" or conductor for carrying off the condensed vapor from inside the roof; it
consists simply of a flat piece of sheet metal F, with a part f turned down at right
angles to catch against the upper edge of the under pane of glass, and keep the stop
in place, see Figure 6*.
The second part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 7, 8, and 9. Figure 7
represents a cross section of the ridge roll or double scroll shaped metal for the top
of the ridge of the roof; Figure 8 shows the same attached to the ridge piece, with one
flap or wing piece fitted in place; and Figure 9 shows a cross section of one wing
piece separately. The ridge roll G as well as the wing pieces H (one at either side
of G) extend the whole or any part of the length of the roof. The ridge roll G is
made of sheet metal or galvanized iron, and has its edges bent to the scroll form
shown in Figure 7, and it is secured to the ridge I, as shown. The wing pieces H,
also of sheet metal, have a corresponding scroll along one edge, which embraces or
locks into the scrolled edge of the ridge roll G, as shown in Figure 8, so as to form
a rain-tight joint, and a hinge upon which the flap or wing piece may move when
raised to the position shown in dotted lines. The wing pieces may be made in
several lengths, and may be elevated from the interior by any convenient means,
such as levers, or swing brackets, or other contrivances fixed and working within
the building. These wing pieces cover longitudinal openings left in the roof between
the upper panes D and the ridge I. C is a rafter.
The third part of my Invention is illustrated in Figure 10, which represents a
cross section of the canted plate of the side framing of a horticultural building,
and shows how the same is made to form the eavesboard and cornice, and a stop
for the top rail of the side lights. K is the canted plate; L, the cornice; M, the
hollow stop; C is the lower end of a rafter.
Figures 11 and 12 are perspective views of portions of glazed roofs with my
improvements applied, the one being a circular and the other a straight roof, the
clips A being shown in their proper places, and the flaps or wings H in the closed
position.
Figure 13 shows in perspective a tool or instrument that may be conveniently
used in removing a pane of glass; it consists of a flat piece of thin sheet metal Ň,
having one end n turned up, as shown, and provided with a handle O at the under
side. In use the end n is inserted (from the interior) between the lap of the glass
at the lower end of the pane to be removed (baving first removed the stop F and
unfastened and shifted the clips and holders to the right and left of the said pane)
until the upturned edge n clears the edge of the pane, when it springs up and
catches the edge. The pane may then be easily drawn upwards clear of the "lap,"
and dropped out below the bar B. Another pane may be inserted by proceeding in
the reverse way.
I am aware that pieces of bent metal have been used before for securing panes of
glass in repairs, but in all such cases they were bent of an ∞ form, and a pane
could not be withdrawn from the inside and another inserted where such might be
used for glazing purposes, each pane being dependent on the one below it, but such
bent hooks were never formed and used as herein described, so that one clip holds
the corners of two panes, or fixed to horizontal bars, or so disposed as to permit
the glass to be removed from the interior and replaced without disturbing the other
panes.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The bifurcated clips in combination with the holders (or the combined clips
and holders), constructed and applied substantially as and for the purpose herein
specified.
2nd. The ridge roll and the flap or flaps, both made of the scroll form shown, and
connected together thereby, so as to form a hinge for each flap to work upon, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 3rd. The "canting" of the plate of the side framing, as described, and the forming
an eavesboard and cornice thereof, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Barham, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this 26th day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
HENRY BARHAM. (L.S.)