Improvements in Gas, Petroleum, or Mineral-oil Motors.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 6th Nov., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas, Petroleum, or Mineral-oil Motors.
I, LOUIS MARTHA of 03 Avenue Bosquet, Paris, France Inventor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention concerns a new arrangement enabling the total or partial
effectuating of the cooling of the cylinder or cylinders of a gas or mineral-oil
motor by utilizing the operation of the carburation of the air, a system which
simplifies the machine, at the same time ensuring the production of a gaseous
mixture which is perfectly homogeneous, which is an essential condition to
avoid failures. Certain parts of this invention may be generalized and applied
to actual systems of motors in which the cooling is obtained by a covering of
water.
In order to make my invention properly understood I have represented in the
annexed drawing a type of compound petroleum motor to which my system is
applied.
Naturally, I do not limit myself to any particular kind of motor, and the one
I have represented is only as an example to show clearly the practical application
of my invention.
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of a type of motor constructed according to my
system.
Fig. 2 also represents this motor in a longitudinal plane section.
Fig. 3 represents an end view.
Fig. 4 shows the detail of the valve for the admission of the petroleum or
gas into the carburating canal.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section showing another arrangement of the cylinder
covering.
Fig. 6 is a section according to 6-6 of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 shows the development of the cylindrical surface of a cylinder furnished
with another covering arrangement.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal broken section of a modified cylinder for a petroleum
motor and Fig. 9 is a transversal section following the line 2-2 of Fig. 2.
In the type of motor represented the two cylinders A are placed end to end
united by a moulding or casing a where the crank-shaft 1 turns acted upon by
the connecting rods 6 of the two pistons B B. Only one cylinder is completely
represented.
Each cylinder is furnished externally with a continued winglet C forming a
Screw the ensemble of which is covered with a metallic sheet c which thus con-
stitutes a helicoidal canal around the cylinder.
This canal is connected by one of its extremities with a box D communicating
with the interior of the cylinder by means of an admission valve d and by the

page_text: other extremity, it communicates with the atmosphere by means of an opening c¹
whose mouth may be regulated with an appropriate arrangement ³.
the
At a certain point, for instance, two or three spires after the opening
helicoidal canal communicates through the medium of a valve E either with a tank of
mineral-oil under pressure or with a gas conduit if the motor is worked by gas.
This valve may be worked at convenient moments in any suitable ways. In
case the motor is destined to be worked by ordinary mineral oil whose density
is from 800 grammes upwards, it is indispensable to make use of a breech in
which a chamber or canal is made into which the mineral oil injections are
made. As it is in the breech that the highest temperature is found, a good
reduction into gas is easily obtained. The exhaustion of the motor draws the
gas from the breech by the helicoidal canal where it completes its mixture with
the air, as indicated in the course of this subject. It is evident that to put the
motor to work mineral essence must be used for a few minutes and when the
motor is considered sufficiently heated the feeding is continued with oil.
In the type of motor represented in the annexed drawing a gearing F wedged
upon the driving shaft works the wheels f f each of which are furnished with
a cam which acts upon the escape valve G and the admission valve E for the
petroleum or gas; this mode of command may vary and I do not limit myself
to any particular arrangement.
The working takes place as follows:-
After each period of exhaustion, that is to say, during the period of compres-
sion the valve E is opened under the influence of the cam f¹ by means of a lever e
and allows a certain quantity of mineral oil or gas to escape which enters the
helicoidal canal, this quantity varies according to the time of opening the valve;
the command of this latter is therefore established in consequence.
During the time of compression, explosion and expulsion, the mineral oil in
contact with the hot sides of the canal produces gas, or if the motor is worked
by gas this latter has commenced to mix up with the air in the canal when a
new period of exhaustion is produced, the piston sucks by means of the valve
the air and the gasified petroleum or the gas contained in the helicoidal canal,
thus causing an influx of air at the extremity of the latter at c¹.
The gas and the air are therefore exhausted and obliged to run over the long
circuit of the helicoidal canal and during this course are blended together, they
constitute a perfect explosive mixture which arrives at the box D) and from there
to the interior of the cylinder through the valve d.
We can understand that this circulation of air joined to the cooling resulting
from the evaporation of the liquid, if the motor is worked with mineral oil, pro-
duces the refrigeration of the cylinder. We remark that the gaseous mixture
has been borne to a certain temperature during its course around the cylinder
and that its volume has consequently increased; if it were introduced such as
it is into the cylinder, the whole power of the machine would not be utilized;
with a view to remedying this inconvenience the gaseous mixture before arriving
at the box D traverses a series of tubes H refrigerated by water or by a radiator.
In the type of motor represented in the drawing, I can make use of the enclosed
space comprised between the two pistons to produce compressed air by utilizing
the anterior faces of these latter. This compressed air may escape by a conduit a¹
and be directed into the mineral oil-reservoir which keeps this liquid under
pressure. If the mineral-oil is not put under pressure it is placed in an elevated
reservoir.
The regulating of the pressure is obtained by the piston rod which is threaded
at its joining point 68; this chasing permits the varying of the volume in the
part of the cylinder where the compression is operated.
I declare that I reserve to myself the right of varying, in any suitable way,
the general arrangement I have just described.
Thus in motors of a certain power where the cooling resulting from the cir-
culation of air and from the evaporation of the petroleum might not be sufficient,

page_text: I shall arrange the helicoidal canal only on a part of the length of the cylinder,
on the other part, the cylinder will be furnished with circular winglets con-
stituting several circular canals put into connection by openings i i-made in
the winglets (Figs. 5 & 6). Water would be made to circulate in these canals;
this water covering would naturally be arranged at the side of the breech of the
cylinder where the explosion is produced.
There is also another arrangement that I could advantageously make use of
in the place of my helicoidal canal; it is to place longitudinal wings on the
cylinder to cover the whole with an envelope, so as to constitute a series of canals
parallel and longitudinal communicating alternatively by their contrary extre-
mities, thus assuring a long course for the gas. Such an arrangement is repre-
sented by Fig. 7, the outside covering being removed and the cylindrical
surface being supposed to be laid open; as in the case of the helicoidal canal,
this arrangement may be varied in a similar manner with a view to realizing
the complementary cooling by the water. It may, in fact, be employed solely
for the cooling by the water with ordinary motors.
We can understand that these cooling arrangements are much superior to the
actual systems with which the cylinders are cooled by a covering of water com-
prised between two cylindrical surfaces.
I might also arrange along the whole length of the cylinder a helicoidal canal
with water alternating with the carburation canal, I might also utilize for
the same purpose two superposed or concentric helicoidal canals; consequently
I do not limit myself to any special arrangement. In any case, the helicoidal
canal may allow of impediments.
Finally I do not limit myself to any particular kind or type of motor, my
system being evidently applicable in every case.
Moreover, I reserve the rights of using my system of helicoidal canal as a
simple and separate carburator and in utilizing the interior cylinder as an escape
pot; this carburator is evidently applicable to any motor.
Finally I reserve the rights of applying to motors cooled solely by water,
my system of circular canals communicating by openings such as that repre-
sented by Figs. 5 and 6 as forming part of the cylinder cover. In all the arrange-
ments it is not necessary that the outside edge of the winglets be cylindrical
it may evidently be of any form, for instance square; the sheets covering them
must then adopt a consequent shape.
In order to permit the use of thick oils, I have the petroleum injecting tube,
Figs. 8 and 9, that is to say, the part of the tube comprised between the admission
valve for the petroleum and the helicoidal channel, passed into the bulk of the
breech of the cylinder, that is to say at the point where the temperature is
highest; the thickest oils can thus be evaporated and gasified.
It is to be noticed that at the moment the motor is started, the cylinder breech
not being heated yet, the evaporation of the oil cannot take place; in this case,
it suffices to start by means of petroleum essence of an inferior density and as
soon as the motor is heated, we continue with the thick oil.
I have shown, as an example, in the Figs. 8 and 9 the way in which I arrange
the cylinder of a petroleum motor.
The petroleum arrives through the valve E into the channel K made in the
bulk of the cylinder breech; this channel K may of course be of any shape
whatever; in the arrangement I have shown it is formed of rectilineal channels
easy to be executed; it continues by a channel k generally arranged according
to a generator of the cylinder and which ends in the helicoidal channel C; in
the type represented it has been supposed that the cylinder was partly cooled by
water if this arrangement did not exist there would be no channel k, the
helicoidal channel extending along the whole length of the cylinder.
The admission of air is placed at a proper point of the course of the channel,
for instance K to K8.

page_text: I do not limit myself to any particular arrangement of the injecting channel
passing into the breech and the cylinder, this channel may adopt a course in
any line whatever. I reserve, moreover, the right of combining the channel
passing into the breech and the cylinder with an exterior channel as in the type
of motors which have to work with essences of a small density.
A cock properly arranged would allow the liquid to pass either into the first
or into the second channel; owing to this arrangement the same motor may be
worked by thick or thin oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a gas or mineral oil motor, the use of a helicoidal canal arranged around
the cylinder communicating by one extremity with the cylinder admission valve,
by the other extremity with the atmosphere, and at one point between the extre-
mities with a mineral oil reservoir or a gas conduit and this with the aid of a
valve commanded at a proper moment and in a suitable manner, the carburation
of the air and the gaseous mixture being operated in the said canal and this operation
having as a result the cooling of the said cylinder owing to the circulation of
air caused, to which is added the cooling due to the evaporation of the mineral-
oil if the motor is worked by this liquid, as has been explained above and specified
according to annexed drawings.
2. In combination with the system of helicoidal canal forming the object of
Claim 1, a refrigerator serving to cool the gaseous mixture which heats and
consequently, augments in volume by circulating in the said canal around the
cylinder.
3. In a gas or mineral-oil motor, the use of a helicoidal canal fixed around the
cylinder, on a certain part of its length, the other part of the cylinder being
furnished with circular winglets covered with an envelope and forming a series
of circular canals put into communication by alternate openings made in these
winglets, the helicoidal canal serving as carburator at the same assuring the
refrigeration of the cylinder, and the circular canals serving only for the com-
plementary cooling by a water current, as has explained above and as shown
in the annexed drawing.
4. In a gas or mineral-oil motor, the use of two helicoidal canals in juxta-
position superposed or concentric the one being utilized for the cooling of the
cylinder by water circulation and the other serving as carburator as before
explained.
5. A system of carburator consisting of a canal arranged round a cylinder
serving as escape pot, as already described.
6. In a petroleum or mineral oil motor the arrangement of a cylinder cover
destined to assure a cooling by water, consisting of circular winglets forming
part of the body of the cylinder, covered with a circular envelope thus constituting
a series of circular canals put into communication by means of alternate orifices
made in the winglets as already explained and shown in the annexed drawing.
7. In a gas or mineral-oil motor, the arrangement consisting in placing upon
the cylinder a series of winglets following generators, so as to constitute a series
of longitudinal parallel canals communicating alternatively by their contrary
extremities, thus assuring a long course, this long canal being utilized either as
carburator co-operating so to the refrigeration of the cylinder or simply as a
water refrigerator as already explained and described.
8. In a motor driven by petroleum or mineral oils the arrangement shown in
Figs. 8 and 9 which consists in having passed into the bulk of the breech and
that of the cylinder, the petroleum injecting channel and this with the purpose
of facilitating the evaporation and the reduction of thick oils into gas as described.

page_text: 9. The ensemble and detailed combinations as described above and as shown in
the annexed drawings.
L. DUVINAGE,
Agent for Applicant.