IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacques Rives, of 53, Boulevard St. Martin, Paris;
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
for the Invention of
Sealed the 25th January 1856, and dated the 24th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jacques Rives at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1855.
I, JACQUES RIVES, of 53, Boulevard St. Martin, Paris, do hereby declaro
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING " to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting for the ordinary jacquard cards plates
of thin metal, with as many holes through them as there are needles in the
jacquard apparatus. When a set of cards is to be made to produce some
required pattern, a sufficient number of these perforated plates are jointed
together, in the manner in which cards are usually connected, and all the holes
in the plates are closed, by pasting paper over them, or by dipping them into a
bath of a suitable cement or otherwise; then the chain of cards is placed over
a. barrel, similar to the cylinder of the jacquard machine, and opposite the holes
in the barrel there are a series of punches set in a frame, and the workman
opens such of the holes as are required to be open by striking the heads of the
corresponding punches with a tool which he holds in his hand, and when one

page_text: card is completed the barrel is turned partly round, and the holes of the next
card are similarly opened. A pattern surface produced as above described may
also be used to make and intercept metallic contact when using electro-magnets
for selecting the warp threads, as has been proposed.
The Invention also consists in the use of jacquard needles with slots formed
in them, through which the hooks belonging to the other needles pass, by
which arrangement the needles may be placed more closely together than is
otherwise possible.
The Invention also consists in a method of regulating the tension on the
warp threads and the take-up of the work. To regulate the tension on the warp
threads, they are passed round a pulley to which a weight is attached; as the
warp is worked up the weight is raised, but when it gets to a certain height
it acts on a lever, and removes a stop from the teeth of a wheel fixed on the
axis of the warp beam, and the weight then draws off the warp; but to prevent
the weight from falling suddenly, there is a screw wheel fixed on the axis of
the warp beam, into which a screw gears, on the axis of which is a fly, which
by the resistance which it offers prevents the warp beam from moving rapidly.
To produce the take-up of the work, a screw wheel is fixed on the axis of
the work beam, and on the axis of the screw which gears into it a ratchet
wheel is keyed. This ratchet wheel is driven by a click or driver, which
receives motion by coming into contact with parts in connection with the
batten. The position of the driver when it is so moved (and therefore the
amount of motion communicated to the work beam) is regulated by a feller,
which bears against the work on the beam. To the top of the batten is hinged
a lever, the lower end of which comes in contact with the driver, before
mentioned. The batten receives motion from a crank,. but between the crank
and the batten a spring is interposed, so that if the take-up is not sufficient
the batten springs back. The crank which works the batten is also con-
nected to an intermediate point of the lever which works the driver, so that
this point of the lever always receives the full motion from the crank. From
this it will be seen that when the take-up of the work is too slow the batten
springs back, carrying with it- the centre, to which the lever which gives
motion to the driver is attached, but an intermediate point of this lever
receives the full motion from the crank; therefore the lower end of the lever
moves through a greater space than usual, therefore more motion than usual
is given to the driver, and therefore the take-up is accelerated and a com
pensation is effected.

page_text: i
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jacques Rives in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JACQUES
RIVES, of 53, Boulevard St. Martin, Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Jacques Rives, Her special licence that I, the said Jacques Rives,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jacques
Rives, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jacques Rives,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jacques Rives, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention consists in substituting for the ordinary jacquard cards plates
of thin metal, with as many holes through them as there are needles in the
jacquard apparatus. When a set of cards is to be made to produce some
required pattern, a. sufficient number of these perforated plates are jointed
together, in the manner in which cards are usually connected, and all the holes
in the plates are closed, by pasting paper over them, or by dipping them into
a bath of a suitable cement or otherwise; then the chain of cards is placed
over a barrel, similar to the cylinder of the jacquard machine, and opposite the
holes in the barrel there are a series of punches set in a frame, and the work-
man opens such of the holes as are required to be open by striking the heads

page_text: of the corresponding punches with a tool which he holds in his hand, and when
one card is completed the barrel is turned partly round, and the holes of the
next card are similarly opened. A pattern surface produced as above described
may also be used to make and intercept metallic contact when using electro-
imagnets for selecting the warp threads, as has beeii proposed.
The Invention also consists in the use of jacquard needles with slots formed
in them, through which the hooks belonging to the other needles pass, by which
arrangement the needles may be placed more closely together than is otherwise
possible.
The Invention also consists in a method of regulating the tension on the
warp 'threads and the take-up of the work. To regulate the tension on the warp
threads; they are passed round a pulley to which a weight is attached; as
the warp is worked up the weight is raised, but when it gets to a certain
height it acts on a lever, and removes a stop from the teeth of a wheel fixed
on the axis of the warp beam, and the weight then draws off the warp; but to
prevent the weight from falling suddenly, there is a screw wheel fixed on. the
axis of the warp beam, into which a screw gears, on the axis of which is a fly,
which by the resistance which it offers prevents the warp beam from moving
rapidly.
To produce the take-up of the work, a screw wheel is fixed on the axis of
the work beam, and on the axis of the screw which gears into it a ratchet
wheel is keyed. This ratchet wheel is driven by a click or driver, which
receives motion by coming into contact with parts in connection with the
batten. The position of the driver when it is so moved (and therefore the
amount of motion communicated to the work beam) is regulated by a feeler,
which bears against the work on the beam. To the top of the batten is hinged
'a 'lever, the lower end of which comes in contact with the driver, before men-
tioned. The batten receives motion from a crank, but between the crank and
the batten a spring is interposed, so that if the take-up is not sufficient the
batten springs back. The crank which works the batten is also 'connected to
an intermediate point of the lever which works the driver, so that this point
of the lever always receives the full motion from the crank. From this it will
be seen that when the take-up of the work is too slow the batten brings back,
'carrying with it the centre, to which the lever which gives motion to the 'driver
is attached, but an intermediate point of this lever receives the full motion
from the crank; therefore the lower end of the lever moves through a greater
space than usual, therefore-more motion than usual is given to the driver, and
therefore-the-take-up is accelerated and a compensation is effected.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a number of cards a, a, of thin metal plate, having as
many holes e, e, punched in each of them as there are needles in the jacquard
apparatus.. A number of these perforated plates are then jointed together
in the ordinary manner or with hinges, and all the holes e, e, are closed,.
either by pasting paper over them, or by dipping them into a bath of mastic
or other suitable material. The mastic I prefer to employ consists of"
resin and yellow wax melted together in equal proportions, with sufficient
earthy matter (such as red ochre) added, to give it the necessary stiffness
to resist the action of the needles. To cover the chain of plates a, a,
with the cement, I form them into a spiral A and dip them into the
bath V, Figure 3, filled with the melted cement. The chain of cards A,
with the holes e closed in either of the ways before described, is 'then
placed over the barrel M (Figure 2), similar to the barrel of the jacquard
apparatus, in which there are as many holes as there are holes in the
cards a. Opposite each of the holes there is a punch n'; 'these punches 'are
mounted in a frame m, which permits them to slide up and down 'freely,
and they are sustained in their highest position springs. The workman
then opens such of the holes as are required to be open by striking the
heads T of the corresponding punches with the tool p which he holds in his
hand, and when the holes in one card have thus been punched out, the
barrel M is turned partly round and the holes in another card similarly opened;
or in place of using the cards a, a continuous sheet of thin metal may be used,
as 'shewn at Figure 4. Thus it will be seen that these cards can be used for
making any pattern whatever, and that they can be used again and again for
other patterns by merely pasting paper over them, or dipping them in cement,
and opening such of the holes as are required to be open. For using pattern
surfaces produced as above described for making and breaking metallic con-
tact when using electro-magnets for selecting the warp threads, I employ a
metallic cylinder M, Figure 5, in connection with one pole of the battery,
around which the endless belt of metal E, similar to that shewn at Figure 4,
passes; and there are a series of levers R, with small points on their 'ends, as
shewn, in connection with one of the wires from the electro-magnet. In this
way the electro-magnets will be brought into the circuit when the points on

page_text: the ends of the levers R rest on the cylinder M, and the circuit will be broken
when they are passing over the cards a, since the cards a are insulated by the
cement or other suitable material.
The next part of my Invention consists in the use of jacquard needles with
slots formed in them, through which the hooks belonging to the other needles
pass. Figure 6 shews two needles E, E, formed in this manner. In each of
the needles E, E, there is a hole T, through which the hooks c (belonging to
those needles) pass; and there are slots T¹in the needles E, made to permit
the hooks c¹ belonging to other needles to pass through them, and move freely
without moving the needles E. The needles E, E, are also made narrower
between the slots, so that other hooks c¹ can pass up between the two needles
and move freely when operated on by their own needles, without moving the
needles E, E. One of the hooks c, c², c¹¹, is shewn separately at Figure 7.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of a jacquard apparatus adapted to my improve-
ments. B, B, is a frame; and A, A, are transverse bars, which carry the needles
uu, which are supported at their ends by plates c, c, fixed to the bars A, A;
at the top of the frame B is hinged the lever P,. which carries the card.
cylinder e, e; at the bottom of this lever there is a slot d, d', in which the
roller o fixed to the rod E works. The rod E moves up and down in suitable
guides. On the axis of the roller o is fixed the connecting rod n, hinged to
the lever L, so that when the lever L is raised it. raises the roller o, which
slides in the groove d, d', in the lever P, and since the groove is inclined to
the direction of the movement of the roller o, it causes the card cylinder e to
come in contact with the needles u, u. On the card cylinder e is fixed a
wheel a, in which there are six notches 7, 7¹; into these notches a. spring
catch F fixed on the lever P enters, and prevents the card cylinder from
turning. To this wheel a there are also fixed six pins i, . To the frame. B
When the lever L
is hinged a hook c', which takes hold. of these pins i, .
is raised, and the card cylinder e caused to come. against the needles u,. u, all
the needles that are opposite the open holes in the card on the card cylinder
will remain in the same place as before; but all those opposite the closed
holes will be moved back, and in consequence also the hooks which pass
through them. As the rod or lifting bar E continues to ascend, it carries with
it the cross piece E¹, on which there are projections fixed,, which take into the
books of all those needles which retained their first position, and raise them,
and in consequence the warp threads fixed to them; at the same time the
click c¹ passes from the peg i to the peg ¹, and the end, of the spring catch F
coming against the inclined surface N, releases the card cylinder, and permits:

page_text: it to turn, when the lever L descends and forces. the frame P.into its original
position.
The next part of my Invention consists in a method of regulating the tension
on the warp threads and the take-up of the work. Figure 9 is a side view of
the apparatus I use for this purpose. The warp threads n as they come from
the warp beam A pass round the cylinder R, to which there is a weight P
attached, and there is another roller R¹ to keep the threads n parallel on each
side of the roller R, whatever the diameter of the warp beam may be. On
one end of the warp beam A there is a wheel C with notches in it, into which
the end of the lever B enters, and prevents the warp beam A from turning; as
the warp threads n are worked up, they raise the roller R, and when the
roller R is raised to a certain height its axis comes against the end of the
lever B, and releases the warp beam A, and allows the roller R to descend,
and the warp beam A to turn round until the end of the lever B enters the
next notch in the wheel C; and to prevent the roller R from descending
suddenly, there is a screw wheel fixed on the end of the work beam A, into
which a screw gears, on the axis of which there is a fly V, so as to prevent the
work beam A moving too rapidly. To produce the take-up of the warp there
is a screw wheel fixed on the axis of the work beam A', and on the axis of the
screw which gears into it there is a ratchet wheel keyed, which is driven by
the click or driver d, hinged to the spring m on the arm u', which turns on a
centre at q. Motion is communicated to the driver d by the end of the slot
in the link g, hinged to the end of the lever u", coming against the stud r,
fixed on the driver d. The lever u" is hinged at o¹ to the top of the batten T,
and there is a connecting rod T¹ fixed to the lever u at the point t, which
receives motion from the crank D. On the batten T there is fixed a piece p,
in which there is a hole through which the connecting rod T¹ passes, and on
the connecting rod T there is a spiral spring s, which bears against the screw
nut E on the connecting rod T2, and the piece p on the batten T. It will be
seen from this arrangement that every time that the beat-up takes place the
lever u is moved forward, and in consequence the driver d, and so causes the
take-up of the work, and when the batten moves back, the spring m moves
the driver d back into its original position. The amount of motion given to
the driver and consequently to the work beam, is regulated by the link o, in
which there is a right and left handed screw, which screws on to the ends of the
rods h, h'. The rod h is hinged to the feeler u, which bears against the work.
As the work beam A¹ becomes larger from the taking-up of the work, it moves
back the lever u, and in consequence brings the stud » on the driver d further

page_text: from the batten, and thus there will be less motion given to the driver d, and
consequently to the work beam A².
Since it is impossible that the work beam can be arranged to take up
exactly the amount of work made, I always arrange that the work beam shall
take up less than this amount; hence the batten will not be able to travel
the full distance from the accumulation of the work, and will spring back, the
springs giving way, and since the lever u" is hinged to the batten at o, and the
connecting rod T¹ at the point t, the point t in the lever u will always receivo
the same motion from the crank D; hence, if the batten does not move the full
distance, the lower end of the lever u will be moved a greater distance, and
hence there will be greater motion given to the driver d, and hence to the
work beam A', so that when once the take-up of the work has been regulated
by the screw o, so as not to take up quite the amount of work made, the
machine by its own movement will always regulate itself so as to take up
exactly the right amount of work.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jacques Rives, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
L. D'AUBREVILLE,
Civil Engineer.
J. RIVES.
(L.8.)