IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR REAPING OR CUTTING CROPS OF CORN, OR OTHER CROPS TO THE CUTTING OF WHICH REAPING MACHINES ARE APPLICABLE
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to CHARLES PHILLIPS, of the City and County
of Bristol, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR REAPING OR CUTTING CROPS OF CORN,
OR OTHER CROPS TO THE CUTTING OF WHICH REAPING MACHINES
ARE APPLICABLE."
Scaled the 9th April 1858, and dated the 3rd November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Phillips at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd November 1852.
I, CHARLES PHILLIPS, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR REAPING OR CUTTING CROPS OF CORN, OR
OTHER CROPS TO THE CUTTING OF WHICH REAPING MACHINES ARE APPLICABLE"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of two parts, one of which is designed to aid
in forming a better sheaf than has yet been made by machinery or by
the aid of machinery; the other part is designed to raise beaten down
or laid corn, and bring it into a position, with respect to the machine
more favourable to its being cut and further correctly disposed of.

page_text: To aid my description, I shall annex a drawing to this my Provisional
Specification, and the cutting apparatus will be considered to occupy
that part of the machine that it occupies in the machine generally called
Hussey's Reaping Machine, but the position in which I shall show my
improvements will be better suited to the mode of cutting for which I
obtained Letters Patent on or about the Twentieth of May in the year
1841, than it will be to the mode of cutting called Hussey's..
To be more in accordance with English practice and custom in the
management of horses, the drawing will represent the machine con-
structed to be drawn from the opposite side to that from which the
machines called Hussey's have generally, if not always, been drawn, and
the position of the wheel that imparts operative motion to the cutting
apparatus (and in the case of my improvements to other parts of the
machinery) will, though not shown in the drawing, be considered to be
similarly altered with respect to the machine, and, of course, the position
of the standing corn with respect to the machine will be on the opposite
.side to that where it would be in the machine called Hussey's. The
horse or horses, when drawing, will move in advance of the machine,
and will draw from the opposite side of it to that on which the corn
stands, the wheel that imparts operative motion to the machinery being
on the same side as that from which the horse or horses draw. Refe-
rence being had to the drawing, the direction in which the machine
moves when working will be seen. It is indicated by the arrow num-
bered 1, and the motion is in the direction in which that arrow points.
In all machines for reaping in which the corn has been continuously
carrried away as it has fallen from being cut, the sheaf has been badly.
formed, and where (as in the case of the machine called Hussey's) the
corn has been allowed to accumulate in or on a receptacle, and has
been removed therefrom at intervals by direct or indirect manual opera-
tion, no persons (or, if any, but few,) have been able to acquire sufficient
skill to remove it from the receptacle and deposit it in as favourable a
state for making a good sheaf as that in which it was whilst lying
there. Now I have discovered, that if the corn, as it falls from being
cut, be received in or on a suitable receptacle, and allowed to accumulate
there, and be carried away therefrom at intervals, by the action of

page_text: suitable apparatus actuated by the progressive motion of the machine,
it may be deposited in a very favourable state for making a good sheaf;
and in this discovery consists, in part, the former mentioned part of my
Invention. I therefore claim doing this, as my Invention, irrespective
of each and all the arrangements of mechanism by which it may be
effected; and I make this claim in this broad and general way because
these arrangements of mechanism admit of exceedingly numerous varia-
tions, many of which would be immediately suggested to the mind of
any person who saw either of them in use, or who either saw or heard
the above general description; and consequently, with a less broad and
general claim than this, the protection of Letters Patent would be but
little more than no protection at all. But though I make this claim,
I shall describe some of the arrangements of mechanism that I consider
to be best suited to perform this part of my Invention, and then, as it is
possible, whilst so many persons are directing attention to the improve-
ment of reaping machines, that some one may have made mechanism
whereby this part of my Invention may be performed, I shall make a sepa-
rate claim to each of the arrangements of mechanism that I shall describe.
One of my arrangements of mechanism for performing this part of
my Invention, and the one that I shall the most minutely describe, it
being that which I consider to be the best, is an endless web, moving
on suitable rollers, the top surface of the web moving backward, or in
the opposite direction to that in which the machine is progressively
moved, and the bottom surface moving in the opposite direction to
that in which the top surface moves, it being, when so moving, in the
act of returning, to become again the top surface on which the cut corn
is carried from the part of the machine where it has been cut. In the
drawing hereto annexed, the motion of this web will be seen. The
top surface, which carries the cut corn, moves in the direction in which
the arrows numbered 2, and 3, point; and the bottom surface, which
is the surface returning, to perform again the act of carrying corn,
moves in the direction in which the arrows numbered 4, and 5, point.
Such webs as these are used in wool-carding machines for the pur-
pose of conveying the wool to the carding parts of the machine. Now,
my Invention with respect to this web, as applied to machinery for

page_text: .
cutting corn, consists in causing it to move intermittingly, and at cach
of its motions to convey an accumulated quantity of cut corn to the
back part of the machine, or to any part suitable for its (the corn's)
being discharged therefrom.
When the corn has been thus conveyed to the back part of the 5
machine, it may be discharged from it many ways, but I prefer a second
endless web, to be used in the manner that I shall hereafter describe,
which will be better understood by reference to the herein-before named
drawing.
To make the whole more intelligible, I shall first make some remarks 1
on the drawing.
The drawing is intended to represent a sectional elevation of the
machine, the plane in which the section is made being a vertical plane,.
in the direction in which the machine is moved when working, that
direction being, as has been already observed, that in which the arrow 1
numbered 1, points.
Many parts of the machine are absent, owing to its being shown in
section, and other parts are omitted, but all are shown that aro either
necessary or desirable in this my Provisional Specification.
Letters and figures are used in this drawing to indicate the parts 2
referred to. In most instances the letters are used alone, but in a few
instances (these being they in which the letter is used several times,*
to indicate several distinct but similar parts) letters are used in con-
junction with figures.
In each instance, where it is convenient to place the letter so used 2
on the part it indicates, it is placed there, but in a few instances this
is not convenient, and in each of these instances the letter so used is
placed at a distance from the part it indicates, and is connected with it
by a dotted line, the letter being at one end of that line and the part
indicated at the other end of it. These dotted lines will be easily dis- 8
tinguishable from other dotted lines that will hereiu-after be described.
The parts shown in section are indicated in the customary manner, by
parallel lines, except when these parts are too minute to be so indicated,
and in each of these cases it is obvious from the description of the part
that it must be in section, it being plain, from the general description, 8

page_text: and from the parts shown, and the parts omitted, that something more
than half the machine is shown, and something less than the whole
of certain rods, herein-after to bo described, that are fastened to the
before-named endless web, as a part of the means by which that web
is caused to be moved. Some parts are shown in the drawing the
views of which are intercepted by other parts; where this is done, the
parts so shown are shown in the manner customary in these cases,
namely, by dotted lines, and where it occurs it will readily be under-
stood. For the sake of brevity of description, I shall sometimes use
expressions the literal signification of which will be that the indi-
cating letters, and indicating letters and figures to be used, as has
been before described, are parts of the machine; but where I use such
expressions, or expressions of like purport, it is to be understood that
not the letters nor the letters with figures are the parts, but that the
parts referred to by such expressions are those on which the letters or
the letters with figures are placed, or with which they are connected by
dotted lines, in the manner before described.
The drawing is drawn to a scale, the scale being an inch to a foot.
Having given this explanation of the drawing, which I have done
for the purpose of removing all objections to my description that may
be founded on want of correctness or explicitness, I shall now pro-
ceed to describe more exactly my method of performing my Invention
by means of an endless web, or by a plurality of such webs.
Reference being now had to the drawing, the cutting parts of the
machine will be immediately under the letter A, but as no part of my
present Invention has anything to do with improvement of the mode
of cutting, I shall altogether omit the delineation of these parts.
The principal endless web is indicated by the letter a, which is
placed on it at four points. This web is seen edgewise in the drawing,
and is shown by the brown line on which the letter a, is four times
placed. 6, 6, , and b', are four rollers, each crossing the machine at a
right angle to the line in which it is progressively moved, and sus-
pended in bearings in the sides of the machine, suitable for allowing
its easy rotation; the use of these rollers is to carry the endless web a,
and allow it easy revolving motion. c, and c, are three rods seen

page_text: endwise, and to be considered as shown, in section, though too minute
to be so shown according to the customary method. These rods cross
the web a, at right angles with its progressive and its revolving lines
of motion, and should be securely fastened to it throughout their
lengths. The web a, should extend nearly from one side to the other
side of the machine, but should be just so much narrower, and only
as much narrower, as would allow the three rods c, c, and c, to move
as closely to the sides of the machines as they could do to move freely,
and with sufficient of their ends projecting beyond the edge of the web
to be taken hold of by the hooks herein-after to be described. It is
by these rods, c', c², and c³, that it is intended that the hooks just now
named should move the web a. d, is a rod at the forward end of
which is one of the hooks that has just now been mentioned.
There are two of these rods, one moving in the manner herein-after to
be described, close to the side of the machine, on that side that is shown
in the drawing, and the other, which is not shown in the drawing,
moving simultaneously with it, in a manner precisely similar, close to
the other side of the machine.
These rods are each pinned or bolted, at the opposite end of each to
that where its hook is, to another rod, similar to the rod marked e; but
that to which the rod d, is pinned or bolted being beyond the rod
marked e, and in close proximity with that side of the machine where
the rod d, is, it would not be shown by the mode in which mechanical
drawings are made, that is, the view of it is intercepted by the rod e,
owing to mechanical drawings being made as if the view of each part
was in a line parallel to the line of view of every other part. This
rod d, and the similar rod on the other side of the machine, are so
pinned or bolted each to its rod, similar to the rod e, as to form with it
a moving joint, like that by which the rod f, hereafter to be described,
is shown to be connected with the rod e, and cach moves backward and
forward by means some of which have yet to be described, each
having projecting from it, near where its hook is, a pin, which guides it
by moving in a groove, that groove being marked i, on the side of the
machine that is shown, and so marked at three points, namely, at each
end of the groove and near its middle.

page_text: The hook at the end of the rod d, whilst moving forward, passes
over the end of the rod c', c², or c³, whichever may be in the situation to
be so passed, which, by its shape (the shape of the hook), it will be seen
to be intended so to do, and in like manner passes the similar hook that
is on the similar rod on the other side of the machine; but as these
rods move backward, each of the hooks takes hold of the end of the rod
that it passes whilst moving forward, and by acting on that rod (the
rod c', c, or c), when moving backward, they cause the endless web a, to
move in the manner in which it has before been described to move.
The further means of producing this motion, its extent, and its object,
will hereafter be more fully described. f, is another rod, which is pinned
or bolted to the rod marked e, in a manner by which a moving joint or
hinge is formed, as will be sufficiently plainly seen in the drawing.
This rod, f, has a bar marked g, so attached to its forward end that it,
(the bar marked g,) which in the drawing is seen endwise, crosses the
machine at a right angle. One end of this bar moves in the grooves
marked m', m², and m³, and the length of the bar itself is such, that the
other end of it moves in similar grooves on the other side of the machine.
In the frame of the machine, on each side, is a part which I call a
point, it being similar to, and for a somewhat similar purpose as, the
parts called points in the permanent way of railways. In railways these
points are used to direct railway vehicles on to either of two lines, where
two lines branch off from one. There is one only of these points in the
drawing, it is marked n, and will be seen to be pinned or bolted at its
forward end to the frame of the machine, its opposite end resting on
the side of the groove, at the point where the grooves, m', and m³,
meet in the groove, m². It is so pinned as to allow its backward or
pointed end to be raised. Its own weight retains it in the position
shown, and causes it to return to that position after it has been passed
by the end of the bar g, which passes it in the manner that I shall now
proceed to describe. The rod f, moving backward, the end of the
9, will pass along the groove m', and by continuance of that back-
ward motion to the intended point, by means that will herein-after be
described, the end of the bar g, will (passing the point n,) pass into the
groove m²; then the rod f, being caused to return to the position
bar

page_text: shown in the drawing, the point n, will intercept the return of the end
of the bar g, through the groove m', and will cause it to return by
way of the groove m'. The use of the rod f, and of the bar g, will bo
described with the uses of the two parts next to be described.
h, is a web of canvass, or other suitable material, shown edgewise in
the drawing; it is fastened throughout its length to the bar g, and its
extent across the machine should each way be the same as that of the
endless web a.
To the whole length of the bottom edge of the web h, is fastened a
flexible weight, of the same length as that web, marked k.
This weight
is shown endwise in the drawing, and may be made of vulcanized
Indian-rubber, filled with shot, of the kind that are used in the guns of
sportsmen. Now it is obvious, that if corn fall on to the endless web a,
as it would do by being cut, and if the weight k, descend on to it, and
in this state the web a, and the weight k, more simultaneously, and at
the same or nearly the samo velocity, in the direction in which the
web a, has been described to move, the corn that would be thereby held
betwixt the two (the endless web a, and the weight ,) would be
conveyed towards the back part of the machine. The method by which
this motion of the weight 2, the cut corn, and the endless web a, is
produced, I shall explain next after I have described another part of
the apparatus that is concerned in producing that motion.
1, is a bar extending across the back part of the machine; it is shown
endwise in the drawing, and is supported in bearings at each end of
it, suitable for allowing it to rotate. To this bar 1, about the middle of
it, is fastened, by a fixed joint, the rod e, and toward each end of it, and
just within the frame of the machine, are two other similar rods, fastened
to it by similar fixed joints. To the rod e, is attached the rod f, by a
moving joint, as has been described. The other two rods fastened to
the bar, are attached by similar moving joints, one of them to the
rod d, and the other to the rod corresponding to the rod d, on the side
of the machine not shown in the drawing.
.
These three rods fastened to the bar 1, are all of the same dimen-
sions. The moving joint, at the opposite end of each to that at which
it is fastened to the bar 1, is in each the same distance from the bar 1,

page_text: that it is in the other two; and all three being fixed to the bar /, in
the same plane, one only is seen in this view, according to the method
of making mechanical drawings, and one being absent, owing to the
machine being shown in section. The one seen is the middle one, the
one that has been described as marked with the letter e. Now the
bar 1, being caused to take the rotary motion, that would cause the
moving joints at the ends of the three rods fixed to it to describe cach
the segment of a circle, represented by the dotted lines B, C, D; the
rod f, the rod d, and the other rod, before described, similar to the
rod d, would move simultaneously backward; the hook of the rod d,
and the hook of the other rod similar to the rod d, would take hold of
the rod c', and by this means the endless web a, would be caused to
move backward, and at the same time the rod f, with the bar g, would
draw the weight k, and with it the corn lying on the web a. The
rod d, and the similar rod to it, would cause the rod c', to take the
place of the rod c; the rod c³, to take the place of the rod c³; and
the rod, to take the place of the rod c', had left; and at the same
time that this motion of these three rods, and the consequent motion of
the endless web a, were completed, the ends of the bar 9, would be,
one end in the groove m², and the other end in the corresponding
groove on the other side of the machine. The motion of the corn
backward would in distance be the same as the distance from the rod c',
to the rod c; and the position of the weight k, would then be that
which would be caused by its free suspension from the bar g, by the
web h. This rotation of the bar 1, being then reversed, and the
moving joints at the ends of the three rods fixed to it being thereby
caused to describe the before-mentioned segment of a circle, represented
by the dotted line B, C, D, in the reverse course to that of those letters,
that is, reversely to its former motion, all the parts that have been
described in the former motion, except the endless web a, and the
three rods c', c, and c, would return to the position shown in the
drawing, and the whole of them would be in a correct position to
commence conveying away a fresh quantity of the cut corn. My
method for imparting the motion to the bar 7, will be by machinery
or apparatus by which it shall be communicated from the wheel, that

page_text: is absent from the drawing, owing to its being sectional. This wheel
would be outside the frame of the machine, and by it I should impart
motion to all the other machinery, as well as to the bar 1. The
methods by which this motion may be imparted to the bar 1, are
numerous, and some of them so obvious that it cannot be necessary
for me to describe any of them in my Provisional Specification. The
wheel on which the machine moves that is shown in the drawing, is
the one towards the standing corn, and it is placed within the frame, to
avoid its running on that corn. Its position within the frame renders
the roller b³, necessary, to clear it (the wheel) of the endless web a.
I shall now describe my method of discharging the corn from the
machine, part of the apparatus for which is another endless web,
marked in two places with the letter o. This web is of the same width
as the endless web a, and its edges range with the corresponding edges
of the web a. It is of course shown edgewise, as the web a, is.
This web o, is carried on the two rollers p', and p², and fixed to it.
Across its whole width are strips of wood, metal, or other sufficiently
firm material. These strips stand perpendicularly to the face of the
web, and are seen endwise in the drawing.
There are twenty-eight of them in the drawing, all of which are
marked with the letter r.
Now it is obvious, that if the rollers p', and p², be so geared to the
roller, that they shall rotate in the same direction as it does, and
rotate when it rotates, and rest when it rests, (all of which may
obviously be done,) the cut corn that is conveyed from the front of
the machine by one motion of the bar 1, will, by the next motion of that
bar the same way, be conveyed on to the upper edges of the strips r, on
the upper side of the endless web o. Then, if the rake t, be made to
move to and fro across the machine in a manner similar to that in which
the bar g, moves backward and forward, and, whilst moving toward the
standing corn, be made to move at the elevation at which it is shown in
the drawing, and move that way whilst the endless webs a, and o, are
moving, and then be made to de-cend, so that the points of its teeth shall
bo below the level of the top edges of the strips 1, and, whilst the endless
webs a, and o, are at rest, be made to cross to the other side of the ma-

page_text: chine with the points of its teeth throughout this returning passage below
the level of the top edges of the strips r, it will, if it be made to move
the requisite distance each way, rake all the corn off the strips r, either
on to the ground on the side of the machine that has been cleared of
corn, or into any receptacle that may be suitably attached to that side
of the machine. That all this may be done is obvious, and therefore not
desirable to be shown here; but I will remark here, that I consider a
better sheaf would be formed by the corn being raked into a receptacle,
and discharged therefrom during the return of the rake to the side of
the machine where the standing corn is, than would be formed by its
being raked direct off the strips r, on to the ground.
I have now described the method that I consider to be best for per-
forming the first part of my Invention, and have described it, I conceive,
as fully as can be required for the purposes for which a Provisional
Specification is intended. I may have described it more fully than
necessary, and if so, I must plead for my excuse, that at present no
established rules, that I am aware of, exist on this point.
My Invention, as I have said, may be performed in a great variety of
ways; and to show this, I shall give a general but not minute description
of two other methods, my motive for which will be principally to show
that with a less broad and general claim than the one I make, I should
have but little of that protection that is due to a first Inventor. One of
theso methods would be by two platforms, placed much in the same
position as the platform that receives the cut corn is, in the machine
called Hussey's, one of them being placed over the other, and the top
one resting on the bottom one.
The manner in which I should use these platforms would be, by
suitable machinery, actuated by the progressive motion of the machine,
to draw back, at regular intervals, the platform that at each interval was
uppermost, discharge the corn from it, and then slide it under the other
platform, then, by the same machinery, draw back the other platform,
discharge the corn, and slide it under the one from which the corn had
been just before discharged, and thus, by the alternate loading and dis-
charging, deposit the corn on the ground or into a receptacle from which
it would be discharged on to the ground in a state ready to be bound

page_text: up into a sheaf, or into sheaves. By the other method that I shall
describe, I should fix a platform to the machine, for the cut corn to fall
on, over the back edge of which the ears of corn should project, and then,
by means of two rods, each actuated as the rod f, in the drawing is, or by
some similar method, and each guided similarly to the method by which
that rod is guided, the end of one of these rods passing to the under
side of the cars of corn, and that of the other to the upper side, with
suitable contrivances to each, something like the bar g, to take hold of
the corn below the cars, I should draw the corn to the back part of the
machine, and deposit it there, to be discharged whilst the rods were
returning to fetch another quantity of corn. The form of the bar g,
would not be a good form for being readily disengaged from the corn,
but there are other forms that are suitable that would readily suggest
themselves to the minds of most persons.
I shall now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, 1
namely, that which is designed to raise beaten down or laid corn, and
bring it into a position, with respect to the machine, more favourable to
its being cut and further correctly disposed of.
Reference being had again to the drawing, q, is one of a series of bars
projecting from the machine, in advance of the cutters, about parallels
with the surface of the ground, or, I will say, projecting horizontally, as
that expression (though incorrect on ground inclining in the direction
of the machine's progressive motion) will better suit my further de-
scription, and will be quite as well understood.
According to the method of making mechanical drawings, one only
of these bars is shown, but to each of the others there are similar ap-
pendages to those that will be described as acting with this, to produce
the effect sought. These bars should project from the front of the
machine at intervals of six or nine inches, or, speaking of the machine
called Hussey's, they should project from every alternate or every third s
pair of cutters, it being necessary, or at least highly desirable, that one
should project from each of the outside pairs of cutters. In a line
directly behind the bar q, is an upright bar, markeds, which is one of a
series of upright bars, in which series each bar of it corresponds with a
bar of the series of which the bar q, is one, as the bar s, corresponds

page_text: with the bar q. One only of these bars is shown in the drawing, for the
same reason that one only of that series is shown of which the bar 9, is
one. Now, in each of the horizontal bars is a pulley, marked u', and at
the top of each of the upright bars is a similar pulley, marked u³, except
that at the outside of the machine this pulley, marked u², and at all
intermediate places situated at the top of the bar of the series of which
the bar s, is one, is better here to be placed on the frame of the machine,
the frame is shown in the drawing on one side only (the side toward
the standing corn), and there the pulley referred to, corresponding in its
uses with the pulley u³, is shown, marked u³; near the bottom of each of
the upright bars is a larger pulley, marked v. Each pair of bars (and
by a pair I mean one horizontal bar, and the upright bar that is
directly behind it,) is provided with an endless cord, marked, excepting
the outside one, at three points with the letter u, the outside one being
marked with the letter a, at two points. Each of these cords passes
round its larger pulley v, then, crossing itself, passes in one direction,
namely, forward and somewhat downward, round its pulley u', and in
the other direction, namely, upward and somewhat backward, round, in
the case of all the intermediate pulleys, its pulley u², and in the outside
one, round the pulley . One continuous spindle, marked y, supported
in suitable bearings, passes through the pulley v, and all the pulleys in
its series, and this spindle, being driven by suitable means from the
wheel that it has been before said gives motion to all the machinery,
gives motion to the pulley v, and all the other pulleys in its series. These
pulleys are driven in the direction that would cause the endless cords to
run in that direction in which the arrows marked 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10,
point. Now, it is evident, without further description, that the action of
these cords will raise the beaten down or laid corn; and it is equally
evident, that if they be made to run with sufficient velocity, they will
cause the corn to incline in the direction suitable for its falling, when
cut, on to the endless web a. These endless cords, may be made of any
suitable material, but at present I know nothing more suitable than
hemp, which should be so spun, and the strands so twisted, as to give
the greatest unevenness that can be given to the surface of the cord.
The whole of this apparatus should be fixed to the machine so that it

page_text: may be easily attached and detached, as it would be only an useless
encumbrance, when cutting crops the whole of which were standing
upright.
I shall now state distinctly what I claim as my Invention,
Firstly, I claim as my Invention the construction of a machine for
reaping or cutting corn or other crops, wherein the corn or crop cut
shall be allowed, as it falls from being cut, to accumulate in or on a
suitable receptacle, and shall be removed therefrom either by an inter-
mitting motion or intermitting motions of apparatus or machinery
actuated by the progressive motion of the machine; or by an intermitting
action or intermitting actions on-it (the corn or other crop cut and so
accumulated) of continuously moving apparatus or machinery actuated
by the progressive motion of the machine; or by an intermitting action.
or intermitting actions on it (the corn or other crop cut and so accumu-
lated) of any combination or combinations of continuously moving and
intermittingly moving apparatus or machinery actuated by the pro-
gressive motion of the machine. But with reference to this claim, I
will remark, that in the specification of the Letters Patent granted to
me in the month of July in the year 1848; I described an intermitting
action of rakes, for discharging grass from a reaping machine by the
progressive motion of the machine, but the intermitting action in that
case was both unavoidable and undesirable, and was made rapid, to avoid
accumulation of the cut grass, it was in fact for the purpose of dispersion,
instead of accumulation and collection, and it is only intermitting action
or intermitting actions for the purposes of accumulation and collection,
or for either, that I claim as my present Invention.
བ་
Secondly, I claim as my Invention the construction of a machine for
reaping or cutting corn or other crops, in which an endless web is made
to move intermittingly, for the purpose of allowing quantities of cut
corn or other crops to accumulate on it, and when these quantities are
so accumulated, then, for the further purpose of conveying them to a
suitable part of the machine, to be discharged therefrom; and I claim
this as my Invention, whether the web be actuated by the progressive
motion of the machine, or by direct or indirect action of a person or
persons attending the machine.

page_text: Thirdly, I claim as my Invention the construction of a machine for
reaping or cutting corn or other crops, in which strips of wood, metal,
or other suitable material are used, to support the corn or crop cut, from
the surface of a web, so that it (the corn or crop cut) may be cleanly
raked from the web without damage to the surface of it (the web), from
the action of the teeth of the rake.
Fourthly, I claim as my Invention the construction of a machine for
reaping or cutting corn or other crops, in which two or more shifting
platforms are used, for the corn or other crop to fall on when cut, one
placed over the other or others, and in which machine the cut corn or
other crop that shall have accumulated on the upper or uppermost
platform shall be discharged therefrom, or preparation be made for its
being so discharged by it, the upper or uppermost platform being
withdrawn from above the other or the others, and in which, when the
cut corn or other crop has been discharged, the platform from which it
was discharged shall be made to slide under the other or the others, to be
there ready to receive a fresh quantity of corn or other crop, as soon as
the platform or platforms above it shall be withdrawn, for the purpose
of being discharged of the cut corn or other crop that shall have accu-
mulated on it or them; and I claim this as my Invention, whether the
platforms be actuated by the progressive motion of the machine, or by
direct or indirect action of a person or persons attending the machine.
Fifthly, I claim as my Invention the construction of a machine for
reaping or cutting corn or other crops, in which the cut corn or other
crop shall fall on to a platform or other suitable receptacle, and be
withdrawn therefrom by the action of two or more rods, connected to,
and forming part of, the machine, with suitable contrivances at their
ends for taking hold of the cut corn or other crop above and below it;
and I claim this as my Invention, whether the rods so used be actuated
by the progressive motion of the machine, or by direct or indirect action
of a person or persons attending the machine.
Sixthly, and finally, I claim as my Invention the construction of a
machine for reaping or cutting corn or other crops, in which cords suit-
ably attached and supported are made to pass under beaten down or laid

page_text: corn or other crops, and by running, as herein-before described, upward
and backward, at a suitable angle, are made to raise the corn or other
crop, and place it at a suitable inclination for falling as would be
desirable when cut.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Charles Phillips, in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 3rd May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES PHILLIPS, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Third Day of November in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Charles Phillips, Her special licence, that I, the
said Charles Phillips, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Charles Phillips, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel, Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR
MACHINERY FOR REAPING OR CUTTING CROPS OF CORN OR OTHER CROPS TO THE
CUTTING OF WHICH REAPING MACHINES ARE APPLICABLE," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Phillips, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Phillips, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the

page_text: following statement, reference being had to the drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures thereon written.
These said drawings will represent two distinct machines, each of
which will represent one of two methods by which I propose to perform
my Invention.
All the drawings are made to a scale of an inch to a foot, and the
dimensions and proportions of the various parts are those that I now
consider to be the best, but trial (for which at present I have not had
sufficient opportunity) may show that some of the dimensions and pro-
portions will be better to be varied from those shown in the drawings.
The letters and figures used to indicate the parts shown in the drawings
will be, in most instances, placed on the parts they indicate, but in some
instances this cannot be done without making the parts thereby indi-
cated less intelligible; and where this is the case, the letters and figures
will be placed at a distance from the parts indicated, and will be con-
nected with them in each of such cases by a black dotted line. The
position of parts that are hid from view by other parts is shown by black
dotted lines, but these are so easily distinguishable from the before-
named black dotted lines, that neither can be mistaken for the other,
especially by persons accustomed to mechanical drawings. Where, in
any of the drawings, red dotted lines are used, it will be to show a posi-
tion of parts in which those parts sometimes are different from the
position shown by the finished drawing. Where, in any of the draw-
ings, blue dotted lines occur, these will be to show the position and
configuration of parts that are better, for distinctness, or for some other
reason, not to be shown by a finished drawing thereof.
Figure 1, is a plan of the first machine that I shall describe.
Figure 2, is a sectional elevation, the section being a vertical plane in
the line A, B, shown in Figure 1, the parts shown by this elevation
being those on that side of the line A, B, in Figure 1, on which those
letters (the letters A, and B,) are placed. Figure 3, is an elevation,
showing those parts that are on the opposite side of the line A, B,
Figure 1, to that on which the letters A, and B, and the parts shown
by Figure 2, are.
The direction in which the machines move when at work, is indi-
cated by an arrow placed over each of the Figures 1, 2, and 3, and is

page_text: that in which the arrows point. The back part of the machine is in-
tended to be held up and supported when at work, and the machine
guided by a person at the handles that form the backward extremity of
the machine; there are two of these handles, of which one only is
shown in Figures 2, and 3, but both are shown in Figure 1. The
machine is intended to be drawn from the side to the left hand of the
person who follows and guides it, that being the side that will be cleared
of corn, whilst the standing corn will be to the right hand of that person.
The draught should be some distance in advance of the machine, and
should be by trace gear attached to the machine at or near the point
indicated by the letter A, in Figure 3, all the parts marked in any way
with the letter a, are framework a', being that part of the framework
that contains the cutting apparatus, to be made of cast iron or other
suitable material; a³, is the main framework of the body of the machine,
which I consider to be best made of cast iron; a", shown in Figures 1,
and 8, is a bracket or support, for which cast iron will be most suitable,
giving a bearing, in which rotates one end of the shaft, to which are
keyed, or otherwise securely fixed, the bevel pinions 6, and c, through
which motion is given to the cutting apparatus, the other end of that
shaft having its bearing on the lower part of the framework a¹; a', is
the back part of the framework of the machine, which will be best
made of wood, and is intended to be shown as so made in the drawings.
The parts marked with the letter d, are the two wheels on which the
machine moves, d', being the one to the left hand of the person who
guides the machine; it is placed outside the framework a², and is the
one by which working motion is given to all the machinery; &, is the
wheel to the right hand of the person who guides the machine, it does
no more than help to support and carry the machine, and is placed
inside the framework a², to avoid its running in the standing corn;
these wheels d', and d², I consider to be best made of cast iron, as I
do all the other parts that are shown in the drawings of the same colour.
e, is a bevel wheel seen in Figure 1, by the rim of the whcel d'. The
angle on which the wheels d', d', the bevel wheel e, a spur wheel f
hereafter to be described, and a pulley g, also hereafter to be described,
řevolve in a fixed axle fastened to and holding together the two sides
of the machine, by the two pieces of framework a². The bevel wheel

page_text: e, drives the bevel pinion b, and, through and by means of its shaft, the
bevel pinion c; and the bevel pinion c, working into and driving the
bevel pinion c', which it is shown to drive in Figures 1, and 3, gives
working motion to the cutting apparatus; this cutting apparatus being
the same as that for which I obtained Her Majesty's Royal Letters
Patent bearing date at Westminster, May the Twentieth, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-one, and being, from
the juncture of the bevel pinion c, with the bevel pinion c³, the same as
that described in the Specification of those Letters Patent, inrolled
November the Twentieth in that year, with the difference only that the
number of cutters now shown in the drawings hereunto annexed is
greater than the number shown in the drawings annexed to that Specifi-
cation. I shall not further describe them here. f, is a spur wheel, shown
in Figure 8, but hid in Figure 1, by the spur wheel h, hereafter to
be described, to which it gives motion; this spur wheel f, is next,
towards the middle of the machine, to the carrying wheel d', and ver-
tically under the spur wheel h. g, is a pulley, shown in Figures 1, and 3,
with a groove round its edge, suitable for carrying and actuating a cord,
gutta percha, or gut driving-band; g', g', is another pulley, shown in
Figures 1, and 8, which is driven by the pulley g, by means of a driving-
band, as shown in the drawings, g², shown in Figures 1, and 3; g³, shown
in Figures 1, and 2; and g', g', 9, and g', shown in Figure 1, are other
pulleys, with their edges grooved similarly to the pulley g; each of these
is carried and supported on a spindle, with the pulley g', by suitable
upright standards, in the manner and position shown in the drawings.
The pulleys g', g, g', g', g, g', and g', are keyed, or otherwise secured, to
the spindle that passes through all their centres; and therefore, when the
pulley g', rotates, all the others of necessity rotate with it. At the top
of the standards that carry and support the pulleys g³, g³, gʻ, g³, gº, and
g', and on the two parts of the framework a², are other grooved edged
pulleys, marked g³, 9º, g", 9", 9", and g¹³; g³, and 9's, being on the
framework; g, being on one side of the machine, and 9", on the other
side, the intermediate pulleys, 92, 91, 9", and 9", being on the standards.
Horizontally from the under part of the framework a', in the man-
ner shown in the drawings, and directly forward from each of the
BO

page_text: pulleys g², 9, 9', 9',9%, and 9', passes a bar with a pulley (as shown
in the drawings). In the end of each these pulleys, being those
marked g, g,g", 9", 9", and 9", the pulleys 9,9", 9", 9", g¹³, and g¹³,
and the pulleys 9", g¹³, g¹, g¹³, g¹³, and 9", are all loose, or free to run, by
the action of the cords, now about to be described, that pass round them.
Round the pulley 9', passes an endless cord, which, crossing itself in
the manner shown in Figure 3, passos round the pulleys 9", and 98,
and in the same manner passes another endless cord round the pulleys
9', g, and go; another endless cord round the pulleys g', g", and g";
another endless cord round the pulleys g', g, and g¹²; and another
endless cord round the pulleys g', 9", and gs. Now it is obvious, that
that carry the pulleys
as the machine progresses, the horizontal bars
g", g¹³, g¹, g¹³, g¹³, and 9", will pass under beaten down or lodged corn,
and, by the action of the cords passing round these pulleys and upward
and backward from them, the corn will not only be raised, but a
backward inclination will be given to it, so that it will fall in the
direction desired, when cut.
Having described all that is necessary with reference to the cutting
of the corn, and also described my mode of raising beaten down or
lodged corn, I shall now proceed to describe my mode of collecting the
corn into quantities suitable for sheaves, and of removing it, and of
discharging it from the machine. A', A2, A3, and A+, are four rollers
that rotate on axes, bearings, or journals, projecting from their ends,
the axis, bearing, or journal at each end of each roller passing through
and moving in a suitable bearing in the framework of the machine.
B', and B, and two similar rollers, with similar axes, bearings, or
journals, and similarly moving and supported. These rollers are
represented in the drawings as made of wood, that being the more
convenient for giving a sectional view of them, but I consider that they
would be better made of tin plate, as the rollers used in cotton mills
are made. They extend across the machine from the framework on
one side, of the framework on the other side, with only space enough
at each of their ends to allow of their rotation freely. The roller A+,
and the roller B2, have, outside the framework, on the side towards the
standing corn, a crank on the axis of each; the crank i', being that on

page_text: the axis of A, and the crank, ², being that on the axis of B²; the
crank pin of each is the same distance from the axis of its roller as that
of the roller is; and a connecting rod j', connects these crank pins, so
that they shall always be the same distance asunder as the axes to
which the cranks are fixed are; then, on the other end of the axes of
these rollers, A+, and B³, are other similar cranks outside the frame-
work, on the side of the machine cleared of corn. These cranks are
marked is, and i', and must be fixed at quadrature or at a considerable
angle with the cranks i, and, and so fixed, also, that when their
crank pins are connected by the connecting rod j³, they will be the
same distance asunder as the axes to which the cranks are fixed arc.
Thus geared together, it is evident that the rollers A', and B², when
either rotates, must cause the other to make the same number of rota-
tions, and in the same direction. For the purposes of this Invention, the
rollers A, and B, should be of the same diameter, and the other rollers
may all be of the same diameter, as shown in the drawings. D, is an
endless web, moving on the rollers A', A², A³, and A', surrounding A', A²,
and A', and supported on its outside by A³, which is used to clear it of
the wheel d. E, is another endless web, moving on and surrounding
the rollers B', and B. The endless web D, should extend as far as
it can do across the machine, allowing space sufficient at each edge for
the ends of the rods (hereafter to be described) by which it is moved
to project as much as will be required for the purpose for which they
are intended; and the web E, should extend the same distance across
the machine as the web D, does. Their extent across the machine is
shown in Fig. 1; they are shown edgewise in Figures 2, and 3.
I will here explain, that by an endless web I mean not only a woven
fabric, but any other texture or construction that may be made to move
as these webs, D, and E, are represented to move, and in the same or
similar manner to perform that which they are designed to perform.
Webs shown edgewise, and cords, and driving bands, are in all the
drawings shown by brown lines; and where the view of any of these
is intercepted by other parts, their course is shown by the brown
lines being broken or dotted. Across the endless wcb D, sewn, or
otherwise secured into its texture, are the three rods, k', k², k³, dividing

page_text: that web, or nearly as may be, into three equal parts; each end of
these rods projects as far beyond the edge of the web as it can do, to
clear the framework. Across the endless web E, are a series of strips
of sheet iron, wood, or other suitable material, standing edgewise from
the surface of the web, and numbered consecutively from No. 1, to
No. 28. The height of these strips is shown in Figure 2, and their
extent across the machine is shown in Figure 1. When corn
is being cut by the machine, and the webs D, and E, are stationary
with reference to the machino, it will accumulate on that part
of the web D, that extends in an inclined direction upward from
the roller A', to the roller A³, the ears of corn, when the straw is not
very long, reaching to, or nearly to, the roller A, and reaching a little
beyond that roller when the straw is long. Then, if the web D, be
made to move at intervals, so that its upper surface moves backward,
and moves at each interval the distance from one to another of the
rods that crosses it, the web E, will move an equal distance in the same
time, and will move in the same direction, this being caused by the
wcb D, driving the roller A, and thereby also driving the roller B².
The first of these motions, if the corn move with it, will cause the
corn to move from the inclined to the horizontal part of the web D, the
second motion will cause a second accumulation of corn to undergo
the same change of position, and the corn first moved will pass off the
web D, on to the strips that stand edgewiso across the web E, and by
each repetition of this motion each successive accumulation of corn will
be similarly affected.
I shall now describe how these motions of the webs and of
the corn are to be produced. On the wheel h, shown in Figure 3,
is a crank pin, at the point marked 2, in that wheel; and on the
toothed rack 7, shown in Figure 8, is another crank pin, at the
point marked 8, in that rack. These two crank pins are connected
together by the connecting rod m, the length of which is shown in
Figure 3. By each rotation of the wheel h, the rack I, is made to
move to and fro through the space of a sixth of a circle, and the rack 1,
driving the rack n, is made to move to and fro through a semi-circle.
The rack n, and the rods or levers o', and o³, being fixed to the bar p'

page_text: which is supported in plummer blocks on each side of the machine, on
the framework a', each rotation of the wheel 1, causes the ends of the
rods or levers o', and o³, to move to and fro in the course of the semi-
circle shown by the red line drawn from the end of the rod or lever o³.
To the rod or lever o', are bolted, so as to form a hinge-like moveable
joint, the rods q', and q², these three parts all being shown in Figure 3;
and to the rod or lever o², are similarly bolted the rods &³, ', these three
parts being shown in Figure 2. In the framework a³, on each side of
the machine, is a long opening or slot, in which is written the word
(slot) in Figures 2, and 3. Through these openings or slots passes a
pin, in each, one pin from the forward end of the rod q', through that
shown in Figure 8, and one from the forward end of the rod g', through
that shown in Figure 2. These openings or slots, by means of the pins
that pass through them, serve to guide the ends of the rods q², and g.
These parts are all similarly constructed on both sides of the machine,
but are more fully shown in and will be better understood by Figure 2.
At the forward end of each of the rods q³, and q', is pivotted a hook, in
a manner that will be readily understood by reference to Figure 2; these
hooks, as the rods 77, and q', pass forward, rise and pass over the ends
of either of the rods k³, k³, or ³, that may have last passed the roller A³;
but in returning, the hooks take hold of the rod that is there situate,
and, by means of it, cause the webs D, and E, to move, the upward sur-
face of each moving backward through the same space as that through
which the rods k', k², and ke, move.
If the accumulated corn would pass up the inclined part of the
web D, without the help of anything more than the motion of the
web itself, all further apparatus for that purpose would be super-
fluous, but as it will not do so, a further apparatus is necessary,
and this I shall now describe. From the inner surface of each
of the frameworks a², project, at right angles from the surface, the
two flanges r, and ; the whole of ', is shown on both sides
of the machine, in Figure 1, and the backward extremity of 13, is
seen on both sides of the machine, in Figure 1. These flanges are
about an inch wide, as will be seen by Figure 1. In Figure 2, r, and
, are both wholly shown, and in this Figure the course each takes is

page_text: shown. From the backward extremity or 7, on each side of the ma-
chine, extending to 72, as shown in Figures 1, and 2, but more plainly
in Figure 2, is the point 8, similar in its construction and operation to
the parts called points in railways. This point on each side of the
machine is pivotted at its forward end, the backward end being free to
rise, and falling on to r³, by its own weight; these points will be better
understood by reference to Figure 2, than they will be by any further
explanation. To the forward extremity of the rods q', and q, is fixed
the bar t, extending across the width of the machine, and rising at its
extremities whilst the machine is in the position shown in the drawings;
on the backward end of the flanges 3, suspended from the bar t, by
the pendent web G, is a flexible weight, u, which I should recommend
to be made of vulcanized India-rubber tube divided at frequent inter-
vals into cells, and cach cell filled with shot. The web G, and the
flexible weight u, should extend across the machine the same distance
each way that the webs D, and E, do. The bar t, the web G, and the
flexible weight u, are shown separate from the other parts of the machine
by Figure 4, which represents them as they would be seen from the front
of the machine. By the crank pin on the spur wheel h, performing half
a revolution, and the consequent motion of all the parts forming the con-
nexion betwixt it and the bar t, taking place, the bar t, would pass over
the points s, on to the flanges, and thence on to the forward end of
the flanges; and whilst here, the flexible weight u, would have
descended on to the corn accumulated on the inclined part of the
web D, and thus that corn would be held or griped, and by the com-
pletion of the revolution of the crank pin of the spur wheel h, and all
the other consequent motion, it (the corn accumulated) would be
carried on to the upper horizontal surface of the web D; and by the
next revolution of the spur wheel h, and all the motion consequent
thercon, it (the corn accumulated, and thus far carried backward,) would
be carried further backward, on to the strips that cross the web E.
The next apparatus to be described is that by which the corn is
removed from the web E. It is discharged therefrom on the side of
the machine that has been cleared of corn; and this is effected by a
rake passing from the other side of the machine to this side, with its

page_text: teeth below the upper edges of the strips on the web E, and returning
with its teeth elevated above the height at which the corn lies on those
strips. The fixed square frame a', has its sides that cross the machine
made of angle iron, whilst the sides that are in the direction in which
the machine moves are made of flat iron: the construction of these
parts will be better understood by reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, than
they will be by description. a, is a square frame that moves to and
fro across the machine in the frame a. this frame, as, carries a rake,
the teeth of which are raised and depressed by partial rotation on the
spindle v. To this spindle v, are fixed the teeth of the rake, a rod
carrying a counterpoise to the teeth of the rake, which should as nearly
as possible balance them, and two snugs, by which the spindle v, is
made partially to rotate, thereby causing the teeth of the rake and
the counterpoise to be alternately tipped up and depressed. A bar,
marked 1, crosses the frame a, lengthwise, and supports the teeth of
the rake, so that they cannot be depressed below the level at which
they are required to be, when raking the corn off the web E; and the
part of the frame a, that is towards the side of the machine that is
cleared of corn supports the rod that carries the counterpoise, and
prevents the teeth of the rake being elevated above the intended level.
That part of each of the teeth of the rake that projects direct from the
spindle v, is marked 2, (this part is seen in Figure 1). The part of
cach tooth that acts on the corn is marked 3, (this part is seen in
Figure 2). The snug that tips the teeth up is marked 4; the rod
that carries the counterpoise is marked 5; the counterpoise is
marked 6; and the snug that tips the counterpoise up, and depresses
the teeth, is marked 7. The rake, with the spindle, counterpoise, teeth,
and snugs, is shown separately from the other parts of the machine, at
Figures 5, and 6, these Figures representing it as it would be seen by
a person following the machine. Figure 5, shows the teeth in the
depressed position; Figure 6, shows them in the elevated position;
w, is a segment of a circle, somewhat exceeding a semicircle fixed (at
the centre of the circle of what the segment is a part, and outside the
framework a', towards the standing corn) to the bar p; 2, is a loose or
free running pulley, shown in Figure 2; 3, is another pulley of the same

page_text: kind, shown in Figures 1, and 2; 23, is another such pulley, shown in
Figure 1; but the view of it is intercepted in Figure 2, by the pulley ²;
2, shown in Figures 1, and 2, is another such pulley; 2", shown in
Figures 1, and 2, is another such pulley; and a, in Figures 1, and 3,
is another such pulley. The circular segment u, has two cord grooves
round its circular edge, as will be seen by reference to Figure 1; and
each of the pulleys a, a, a, a, a, and as, has a cord groove round its
edge. The position and dimensions of this segment and these pulleys
will be better understood by reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, than
they will be from any further description that can be given. To the
extremity, marked 1, (seen in Figures 1, and 2,) of the segment, and
in the groove nearer to the framework a', is fastened one end of a
cord, which, passing round the edge of the segment, passes first
over, then behind, and then under the pulley x', thence over the
pulley, round the pulley a", on the side of it toward the stand-
ing corn, and thence to the point marked 8, on the frame a, to
which the other end of it is fastened; and to the other extremity,
marked 2, (seen in Figure 2,) of the segment w, and in the groove
nearer the standing corn, is fastened one end of another cord, which,
passing over the pulley ³, passes on the side towards the standing
corn, round the pulley, and thence round the pulley a", to the
point marked 9, on the frame a, to which its other end is fastened.
By this arrangement of apparatus, whilst the crank pin on the
spur wheel h, performs half its revolution from the position shown in
Figure 8, the frame a", and the rake it carries, will be drawn to the
side of the machine that is cleared of corn, and at the completion of
this motion the teeth of the rake will be tipped up by the action of the
roller y', on the snug marked 4, and whilst the crank pin on the spur
wheel h, performs the other half of its revolution, the frame as, and the
rake it carries will be drawn back to the side of the machine where the
standing corn is, and at the completion of this motion, the teeth of the
rake will be depressed by the action of the roller y, on the snug marked
7. By the apparatus last described, the corn will, with no more ma-
chinery, be raked from the web, E, on to the ground; I should prefer its
being raked into a receptacle fixed to the machine, and thence dis-

page_text: charged on to the ground; but not having completed the arrangement
of any contrivance for doing this, I cannot describe it at this time, in
conjunction with anything described in this Specification. In the ma-
chine last described, as well as in the machine that remains to be
described, the space the machine will traverse, to deposit a quantity of
corn, may be increased by using a spur wheel of larger diameter, instead
of the wheel marked h, and may be decreased by using a wheel of
smaller diameter, but if a number of wheels are provided for this purpose,
the centre pin on which they rotate must be made to shift up and down
in the framework a², and the crank pin in all must be the same distance
from the centre. In that part of the drawings that represents the ma-
chinery showing another variation of this Invention, Figure 7, is a plan,
and Figure 8, a sectional elevation of the same kind as Figure 2. I
shall omit to show an elevation of the same kind as Figure 3, it being
sufficient, for the purposes of such an elevation, to remark, that the
framework would be altered from Figure 8, in the same manner as that
in Figure 8, is altered from that in Figure 2; the part that gives
bearing to the shaft, which in Figures 1, and 3, have the bevel pinions
b, and c, fixed to it, can in this case have its fixture only to the axle on
which the carrying wheels rotate, and it is thus shown in Figure 7.
In Figure 7, I show that part only of the apparatus that is intended to
raise beaten down corn that is connected directly with the outside of
the machine; but in Figure I show that apparatus as it is shown in Fi-
gure 2. (I consider this latter explanation necessary to prevent mistake).
Remarking that the cutting apparatus is the same as that in the machine
already described, and that the apparatus for raising beaten down corn
is also the same, I shall further remark that the apparatus for drawing
back and discharging the cut corn is the same, up to the bar Pi I shall
therefore omit all lettering and figuring from the prime mover or carrying
wheel on the cleared side of the machine, and shall mark the bar corre-
sponding with the bar p, with the letter p. The rods or levers o', and o²,
are similar to those so marked in Figures 1, 2, and 3, the only difference
being that they are longer. The rods q' and ' are attached to the
outside of the rods or levers o', and o³, instead of the inside, as in the
machine before described; and the rods and g', are in this machine on

page_text: inside of the rods or levers o', and o²; these rods g², and g', instead of drawing
an endless web, cause a platform, hereafter to be described, to traverse to
and fro. All these rods, g', g, g, and g', are somewhat varied in confi-
guration from the similar rods in the other machine. The carrying wheels
are smaller in this machine than in the other; consequently, all the other
wheels being of the same size, the corn will be delivered at the end of
shorter spaces. The part which I shall mark a³, in Figure 8, is a bracket,
fastened to the front of the framework, and to the axle of the carrying
wheels, and the use of this part is to give a bearing to the axle b, without
its passing through the wheel d, &c.; no such bracket is required on
the other side of the machine, as the wheel d, &c. is outside. The frame-
work A, is a fixed platform, shown in Figures 7, and 8; and B, a moving
platform, shown in Figures 7, and 8. The platform B, is part of a
cylinder, but the construction and shape of both these platforms will be
better understood by inspection of the drawing than it can be from
description. The platform B, admits of being moved round the axle b,
so as to occupy the position shown by red dotted lines, and it returns
to its place, and is retained there by means of the counterpoises c',
and c²; rª¹, 2ª², and 2, are flanges, similar in other respects, but differing
in position from the flanges marked with the letter r, in the
other machine, the indicating letters and figures in this case being
placed in Figure 8, at the forward extremity of each flange. These
flanges. are the same on both sides of the machine, and are intended
to serve the same purposes on both sides. C, is a traversing plat-
form hinged, to the rods q, and q', at their forward extremity.
This platform is shown as made with an iron frame, covered with
sheet iron. This platform being hinged to the rods 9, and g', it is
plain, that, if not prevented, it would lie on the rods g, and g', in any
position that they can take in the machine; but at each of the lower
corners of the platform C, is a roller, c', which runs on the flange
and on a short arm projecting from the side of the frame; at each end
of the platform C, is another roller, c²; and whilst both these rollers aro
between the flanges, and, it is obvious that the platform C, must
remain at the inclination shown in the drawings. At the forward
extremity of the rods q', and q³, is the bar t, similar to the bar t

page_text: in the other machine. From it, by the web G, is suspended the
flexible weight ut, similar to the flexible weight u, in the other machine.
The flexible weight u, is suspended nearer to the bar t, in this than
in the other machine; and the web G, after going to or round the
flexible weight u, passes backward, and is fastened to a rod cross-
ing from the rod g, to the rod g. It is by the backward portion
of the web G, that the traction of the flexible weight u, is effec-
ted. From the iron frame at each end of the platform C, and
near the rollers c', and c², as will be seen in Figure 8, projects a
segment of a circle, on which the bar t, will fall, should the various
apparatus already described with reference to this machine be put
in motion without corn being received on the platform C, and, by
means of these segments, will the bar t, in this case be prevented
from getting betwixt the flanges 12, and 7. Now, if the bar p,
be made to perform its half rotation, by which the rods or
levers o', and o², would be moved forward into the direction opposite
to that shown in the drawings, the front edge of the platform C, would
push the platform B, into the position shown by the red dotted lines;
and if corn were lying on the platform A, and B, that part of it that
was on the platform B, would then be on the platform C, and the bar
t, and flexible weight u, would descend on to it; then by the bar, 1",
making the half rotation back to the position shown in the drawing, the
corn, griped betwixt the platform C, and the flexible weight u, would be
carried backward; but as the platform C, could not continue to lie on
the rods g', and g', its back edge would heave the rods q', and ', up;
and the corn, being thus released, would fall on to the web K, whilst
the bar t, would pass the point s, and thus bo prevented returning to its
bearings on the segments near the rollers c', and c, till it had again
traversed the flange r'. The web K, is an endless web, running on the
rollers m', and m², on the end of the bar p, outside the framework, is
a pulley marked '; this pulley, by ratchet gear that will be understood
better from the drawings than from description, moves when the rods
g', g², g³, and g', are moving forward, but remains stationary when these
rods are moving backward; by a crossed driving band, the pulley x',
drives the pulley z², and thus causes the bevel wheel ', to drive the
.

page_text: bevel pinion; this causes the upper surface of the web K; to move;
whilst the rods q', q, q, and q', are moving forward, that surface of the
web, it will be seen, will run from the right-hand side to the left-hand
side of the machine, and thus, whilst the rollers g', f, g³, and g', are
moving forward, will deposit the corn that has been left on it on the
ground at the left-hand side, the side that has been cleared of corn.
Figure 9, represents a view, from the front of the machine, of the bart,
the web G, and the flexible weight u, as these parts are described with
reference to Figures 7, and 8. Should the falling cars of corn be found,
in either of the machines described, to be conveyed away when they
ought not to be, by falling across either of the bar t, this may be pre-
vented by a surface extending upwards from the bar through the same
length that the web G, extends. This surface I should prefer being
transparent, for which wire gauze would be well suited.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the various improvements are to be performed, I would
remark, that I do not confine myself to the precise details used, so long
as the peculiar mode of action of any of my improvements be retained.
And I will further remark, that when I made the first great and broad
claim with which the claims in my provisional specification commenced,
I then believed that the state of Invention as it then was would allow
me a right to that claim; and feeling sure of this, I omitted to claim
details that I then believed and still believe to be new; but as I
have since discovered that I cannot maintain a right to that claim, I
shall now make some claims that I then omitted to make, confining
myself, nevertheless, strictly to those that I then so far described as is
required to be done in a provisional specification, and to such things as
I still believe to be new.
many
I claim as my Invention allowing the corn to fall, as it is cut, on
to a web in a stationary state or condition, with reference to the
other parts of the machine, and removing it from the part of the
machine where it falls, by an intermitting motion of the web, effected
by the progressive motion of the machine, or by a person attending the
machine.
I claim also as my Invention the passing of the platform C, as do-

page_text: scribed with reference to Figures 7, and 8, under the accumulated corn,
for the purpose of removing it.
I claim a platform thus used with a flexible weight to clamp or hold
the corn to it.
And I also claim it, if used with an unyielding bar, to clamp or hold
the corn, or with teeth projecting from or through into the corn.
I also claim as my Invention griping or clamping the corn in the
manner in which, in the first described machine, it is griped or clamped
betwixt the flexible weight u, and the web D, and in the second described
machine betwixt the flexible weight u, and the platform C. I consider
this clamping or griping over and under as the best method, it being that
by which the fallen corn may be best prevented from trailing after that
which is intended to be removed; therefore I lay special claim to this
under and over mode of clamping; but I claim as my Invention also,
(believing it to be altogether new,) the clamping or griping the corn
on any opposite sides, whereby the corn so clamped or griped may be
lifted, provided the clamping or griping be effected by instruments
actuated by the progressive motion of the machine.
I also claim as my Invention the combination of a web with strips
fixed across it with a rake, in such a manner that the rake can clear the
web of corn lying on it, without its teeth touching the web.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Phillips, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of May in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
CHARLES PHILLIPS. (L.S.)
Witness, SAM WILSON.