IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATING OR CONCENTRATING ALKALINE LIQUORS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAUSTIC SODA, CAUSTIC POTASH, SODA ASH, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, ALSO FOR HEATING OF BOILING AND REFRIGERATING SOLUTIONS IN BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, CHEMICAL, ANd other ManufacTORIES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Marmaduke Moore, of Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATING OR CONCENTRATING ALKALINE LIQUORS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAUSTIC SODA, CAUSTIC POTASH, SODA ASH, AND OTHER
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, ALSO FOR HEATING OF BOILING AND REFRIGERATING
SOLUTIONS IN BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, CHEMICAL, ANd other ManufacTORIES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
"
caled the 4th February 1873, and dated the 7th August 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Georgo Marmaduke
Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th August 1872.
I, GEORGE MARMADUKE MOORE, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATING OR CONCENTRATING ALKALINE
LIQUORS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAUSTIC SODA, CAUSTIC POTASH, SODA ASH, AND
OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, ALSO FOR HEATING OR BOILING AND REFRIGERATING
SOLUTIONS IN BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, CHEMICAL AND OTHER MANUFACTORIES, AND
IN THE APPARETUS EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new process of evaporating or concentrating
alkalino lavom in the manufacture of caustic soda caustic notash soda

page_text: ash, and other similar substances, and consists in fitting the furnaces
or pans (of any known form) used in the evaporation of alkaline liquors
with perforated earthenware, or metallic tubes or pipes, through which
hot air is driven from a superheater by pressure from fans or other
suitable mechanical medium. The superheated air is driven broadcast
through the liquor to be treated, and passes away with the waste gases
through the ordinary flue. This process is in contradistinction to the
usual practice of heating for evaporating or concentrating purposes by
radiation from pipes or flues, but may be used as an auxilliary to that
process. In this case the pipes or tubes may be first led through the
fire-place, where the air contained in the pipes becomes heated, the air
is then driven through perforated pipes into the furnace or pan con-
taining the material to be treated.
Solutions in breweries, distilleries, chemical, and other manufactorics
may be treated as above-described.
After the application of hot air driven by pressure through pipes into
solutions, cold air may be driven through perforated pipes for re-
frigerating purposes, so as to reduce the solutions rapidly to or below
atmospheric temperatures.
My Invention being the application of hot and cold air under pressure
as described, for the purpose of evaporating or concentrating and
refrigerating alkaline liquors and solutions in breweries, distillerics,
chemical, and other manufactories, with a view to economize heat and
time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Marmaduke Moore in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 6th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
MARMADUKE MOORE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of August, in the year:
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-

page_text: sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Marmaduke Moore, Her special
licence, that I, the said George Marmaduke Moore, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Marmaduke Moore, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATING OR CONCENTRATING ALKALINE
LIQUORS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAUSTIC SODA, CAUSTIC POTASH, SODA ASH, AND
OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, ALSO FOR HEATING OR BOILING AND REFRIGERATING
SOLUTIONS IN BREWERIES, DISTILLERIES, CHEMICAL, AND OTHER MANUFACTORIES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR,” upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Marmaduke Moore, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing. under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
O Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Marmaduke Moore, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
5 in and by the following statement :—
My Invention relates to a new process of evaporating or concentrating
alkaline liquors in the manufacture of caustic soda, caustic potash, soda
ash, and other similar substances, and consists in fitting the furnaces
and vats or pans (of any known form used in the evaporation of alkaline
O liquors) with perforated earthenware or metallic tubes or pipes, through
which hot air is driven from a superheater by pressure from fans or
other suitable mechanical medium. The superheated air is driven
broadcast through the liquor to be treated, and passes away with the
waste gases. This process is in contradistinction to the usual method
5 of heating for evaporating or concentrating purposes by radiation from
pipes or flues, but it may be used as an auxilliary to that process. In
this case the pipes or tubes may be first led through the fire-place,
where the air contained in the pipes becomes heated. The air is then

page_text: driven through perforated pipes on to the liquor, or into the vat or pan
containing the material to be treated.
Solutions in breweries, distilleries, chemical, and other manufactorics
may be treated as above-described.
After the application of hot air driven by pressure through pipes
into solutions, cold air may be driven through perforated pipes in a
similar manner on to or into the liquor for refrigerating purposes, so
as to reduce the solutions rapidly to or below atmospheric temperature.
To carry my Invention into practise, the following may be taken as
an example, although the arrangement may be varied to suit con-
tengencies. I form a coil, layer, or layers of earthenwaro or metal
piping, which can be placed in any furnace already built, or in applying
this process a furnace may be built in any form to suit it. This coil
or layer of piping is connected at one end to a blower, or to a pipe
leading to a blast from a fan or air pump. The other end is connected
to a perforated pipe placed in or over the pan or vat containing the
liquor or solution to be treated. The fan or blowing apparatus being
put into operation a current of air is driven through the coil or layer
of piping in the furnace, and becoming heated in its transit is then
driven through the perforated pipe into the pan or vat into or upon the
liquor or solution to be treated. The heated air being driven broadcast
into or upon the liquor or solution becomes saturated or charged with
moisture, passes away and thus evaporates or concentrates the liquor or
solution. In some instances it may be found convenient to use heated
air driven broadcast into or upon the liquor or solution as an auxilliary
to evaporating by furnace, as at present practised, thus economising
waste heat from such furnace. The hot air may be driven into or upon
the same liquor heated by the furnace, or into a separate or adjacent
pan or vat of liquor. After evaporation or concentration cold air may
be driven broadcast in a similar manner through the liquor for cooling
and refrigerating purposes.
The beforegoing being the nature, object, and purposes of this
Invention, what I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid is, the application and use of hot and cold air under
pressure, and expelled broadcast through perforated pipes as described,
for the purpose of evaporating or concentrating and refrigerating
alkaline liquors and solutions in breweries, distillerics, chemical, and

page_text: other manufactories, with a view to economise heat and: time, sub-
stantially as hercin set forth.
F
In witness whereof, I, the said George Marmaduke Moore, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Fourth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
GEORGE MARMÁDUKE (L.s.) MOORE.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.