IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henderson, William Henderson, and Thomas
Bagley, of the City of Durham, Carpet Manufacturers, and Samuel
Holdsworth, of the same Place, Engineer to Messieurs Henderson and
Company, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henderson, William
Henderson, Thomas Bagley, and Samuel Holdsworth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th June 1859.
We, JOHN HENDERSON, WILLIAM HENDERSON, and THOMAS BAGLEY, of the
City of Durham, Carpet Manufacturers, and SAMUEL HOLDSWORTH, of the
same Place, Engineer to Messrs. Henderson and Company, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
One part of our said Invention consists of an improved clutch for driving or
giving motion to a loom. We construct our improved clutch (which we call a
safety clutch) so that it shall be capable of applying the amount of force or
power requisite for giving motion to a loom when it is in proper working order
or condition, and no more, in order than when the shuttle not boxing or any
other accident shall cause any impediment or obstruction to the working of
the loom or any increased resistance to the working shall be occasioned, one
of the clutch discs will give way or recede from the other disc, or be thrown

page_text: out of gear, and revolve without giving motion to the other disc and loom,
and so avoid injury to the loom by breakage or otherwise. For this purpose
we construct each of the discs of our clutch with teeth projections or corru-
gations upon its face so as to fit into the recesses upon the face of the opposite
disc constructed in a similar manner, and so that when the discs are held with
their faces in contact with each other, rotary motion given to one of the discs
shall be communicated to the other. We apply a spring at the back of one
of the discs of the clutch so as to force the faces of the discs together, and
keep them in gear whilst the loom is working. The spring is made to apply
sufficient force to keep the faces of the discs together and the clutch in gear
whilst the loom continues in proper, working order, and does not require the
application of more than the ordinary amount of driving power. The driving
or propelling side or surface of each of the teeth, projections, or corrugations
upon the face of a disc is made with such an angle with respect to the face
of the disc upon which it is placed, and the force applied by the spring is so
regulated that the driving sides or surfaces of the projections when the faces
of the discs are in gear, and the clutch is in action, shall be capable of applying
the requisite driving power for giving motion to the loom without the clutch
being thrown out of gear and no more, and if the resistance to the working of
the loom be increased, the spring and the disc attached to it give way and
recede so as to allow one of the discs to rotate without giving motion to the
other. This clutch may also be applied to other parts of a loom in order
to prevent breakage or injury. The clutch may also be applied to other
descriptions of machinery for similar purposes.
Another part of our Invention consists of improvements in preventing the
rebound of the shuttle in a loom. For this purpose we employ a spring or
springs which are brought into action by the momentum of the shuttle in
entering the shuttle box when the shuttle acting upon a lever causes the
spring or springs to come into such a position as to prevent or check the
rebound of the shuttle when the ordinary means have failed to prevent the
rebound. The ordinary means employed for this purpose frequently fail to
effect the object, particularly when a loom is worked at great speed, and
therefore we have devised this portion of our improvements for the purpose of
providing additional security against the injurious effects frequently resulting
from the rebound of a shuttle.
Another part of our said Invention consists of a mode of keeping the heads
of the wires used in a terry loom in an erect or vertical position when loose
wires are used for weaving terry or pile carpets or other terry fabrics. It is
found in practice when using flat or thin wires in such looms that they are apt

page_text: to turn or fall down upon their sides instead of standing upon their edges.
And also that in using round wires, the projections at the heads of such wires
are apt to fall or turn aside instead of standing up vertically. In both cases
when the projections at the heads of the wires fall or turn much out of their
proper vertical positions, the hook or catch for drawing the wires out of the
cloth fails to obtain such a hold of the projection or head of a wire as to draw
it out of the cloth. To prevent this we employ a small bar or instrument
which is passed through openings in the heads of the wires, and holds them in
an erect or nearly erect position. The heads of the wires as they are intro-
duced into the shed pass on to the bar at its fore end next to the lay, and
they slide along the bar towards its opposite end as the wires are carried-
along by the working of the loom to the place where they are to be with-
drawn. A wire having arrived at that position, the hook or catch pushes
the bar slightly forwards (towards the lay) so as to allow of the wire being
withdrawn when the hook or catch takes hold of the head of the wire, and
draws it out of the clotb. We furnish the bar with a spring to prevent it
from being forced too far forward when the hook or catch comes into contact
with it, and also enable it to act better in keeping the wire heads in their
proper positions. We also attach a small projection or check upon the
framing to prevent the bar from slipping too far in the contrary direction.
The bar is not fixed to any part of the loom, but merely lies in the openings
in the wire heads, and it may be made to suit different descriptions of wire
heads.
Another portion of our Invention consists of apparatus for stopping the
action of à terry loom, when from any cause the loom fails to draw out a wire
which ought to be withdrawn. For this purpose we place a wire stopper at
each side of the cloth in the loom close up to the place at which each of
the wires is intended to be drawn out of the cloth. If a wire when it comes
in its turn to the place at which it, ought to be withdrawn happens from any
cause not to be drawn out, it will in its further progress occasioned by the
take-up inotion of the cloth upon the cloth roller come into contact with one
or both of the wire stoppers, each of which is connected with mechanism, by
which the loom will be caused to stop.
Another portion of our Invention relates to the transferring each of the
terry or pile wires in a loom to the front part of the work for re-insertion in
the shed after it has been drawn out of the cloth by a hook or other instru-
ment, also to the working of the oil brush in a terry or pile loom, and to the
tightening of the weft. Instead of lifting the point or end of the wire when
drawn out by the hook over the heads of the wires still remaining in the cloth,

page_text: as is usually done, we draw the wire further away from the cloth, so that the
point or end of it may be quite clear of the heads of the wires remaining in
the cloth. The point or end of the wire then rests upon a guard or plane at
the side of the cloth along which it can pass towards the opening in the shed
into which it is to be introduced. Through this plane is a groove or slot, in
which a pusher or instrument works for pushing the wire forward to the
opening in the shed, when pushed forward opposite to this opening, it is ready.
for insertion in the shed. The said pusher or instrument may be placed at
the sde of the guard or plane instead of working through a groove in it.
When the wire has advanced a little way into the shed, this pusher returns
from the front to the other extremity of the groove, in doing which it comes
in contact with the pin attached to the brush, which oils the wires, and causes
the brush to make part of a revolution upon its axis, and brings it into the
proper position for coming into contact with the wire to be nextly drawn, and
by these means the oil is applied properly to each wire. The saine movement
carries the brush back out of the way of the hook during the time in which
the latter is in the aet of taking hold of the head of a wire to withdraw it.
When the hook has withdrawn the wire head beyond the plane where the
brush presses against a wire, the pusher goes forward a little to allow the
brush to be drawn by a spring or weight attached to it against the wire, which
thus gets oiled throughout its whole length except upon its head. As soon as
the wire is fully drawn out of the cloth, the pusher commences to push the
point or end of it forward to the open shed as before described. For the
purpose of directing the point of the wire in the proper manner for entering
the shed, we employ an instrument to receive and support it in the proper
position for effecting that object, and along which instrument the wire passes
into the shed. This instrument is made also to act as a weft tightener. The
last-named operation is effected by the weft being carried by the shuttle past
the weft tightener into the shuttle box beyond it, and as the shuttle box is
carried by the ley in beating up the work in the direction which tightens the
weft it becomes tightened accordingly. To provide against the shuttle being
stopped in its progress towards the shuttle box striking against the weft
tightener, the latter is made to lift on a pivot, by which means the shuttle is
enabled to raise the weft tightener if driven against it, and pass underneath it,
and so prevent breakage occurring.
Another part of our Invention consists of a mode of constructing the lever,
which is employed either by itself or in conjunction with another lever for
inserting and withdrawing terry or pile wires in a loom in weaving Brussels
carpets or other terry or pile fabrics. This lever we construct with a curved

page_text: slot, in which slot works the pin or pulley attached to the crank or tappit for
giving motion to the lever. We make or adjust the direction and extent of
the curvature of this slot, so that the lever in withdrawing a wire from the cloth
shall draw it out more slowly at the commencement of the operation when the
cloth has the greatest hold upon the wire with a gradually increasing motion as
the wire becomes moved more free from the cloth, and so as to come to a stand
still or nearly so, whilst the hook or wire holder is being detached from the
head of the wire. This hook or wire holder is connected with the lever
employed for inserting and withdrawing the wires, and is put in motion'
by it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henderson, William Henderson, Thomas Bagley and
Samuel Holdsworth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HENDERSON, WILLIAM HENDERSON, and THOMAS BAGLEY, of the City of
Durham, Carpet Manufacturers, and SAMUEL HOLDSWORTH, of the same Place,
Engineer to Messieurs Henderson and Company, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent, under
the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland bearing date the Eighth day of
June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine,
did grant unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns, the sole privilege
to make, use, exercise, and vend, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES,"
within the said United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, during the term of fourteen years thence ensuing,
upon condition, amongst other things, that we, the said John Henderson,
William Henderson, Thomas Bagley, and Samuel Holdsworth should, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or the hand and seal of
one of us particularly ascertain and describe the nature of our said Invention,.
and the manner in which it is to be performed, and cause the same instrument
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Henderson, William Henderson,
Thomas Bagley, and Samuel Holdsworth, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, to

page_text: be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following Specification
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings (that is to
say)-
One part of our said Invention consists of an improved clutch for driving
or giving motion to a loom. We construct our improved clutch (which we
call a safety clutch), so that it shall be capable of applying the amount
of force or power requisite for giving motion to a loom when it is in proper
working order or condition, and no more, in order that when the shuttle not
boxing or any other accident shall cause any impediment or obstruction to
the working of the loom, or any increased resistance to the working shall be
occasioned, one of the clutch discs will give way or recede from the other
disc, or be thrown out of gear and revolve without giving motion to the other
disc and the loom, and so avoid injury to the loom by breakage or otherwise.
For this purpose we construct each of the discs of our clutch with teeth,
projections, or corrugations upon its face so as to fit into the recesses upon
the face of the opposite disc constructed in a similar manner, and so that
when the discs are held with their faces in contact with each other, rotary
motion given to one of the discs shall be communicated to the other. We
apply a spring at the back of one of the discs of the clutch so as to force the
faces of the discs together and keep them in gear whilst the loom is working.
The spring is made to apply sufficient force to keep the faces of the discs
together, and the clutch in gear whilst the loom continues in proper working
order, and does not require the application of more than the ordinary amount
of driving power. The driving or propelling side or surface of each of the
teeth, projections, or corrugations upon the face of a disc is made with such an
angle with respect to the face of the disc upon which it is placed, and the
force applied by the spring is so regulated that the driving sides or surfaces of
the projections when the faces of the discs are in gear, and the clutch is.
in action shall be capable of applying the requisite driving power for giving
motion to the loom without the clutch being thrown out of gear and no more.
And if the resistance to the working of the loom be increased, the spring and
the disc attached to it give way and recède so as to allow one of the discs to
rotate without giving motion to the other. This clutch may also be applied
to other parts of a loom in order to prevent breakage or injury. The clutch
may also be applied to other descriptions of machinery for similar purposes.
Our improved clutch is shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawing, in which similar parts are marked with similar letters of reference.
Figure 1 is a front view of the improved clutch with some of the ordinary
parts of a loom attached to it; Figure 2 is a face view of one of the discs of

page_text: the clutch shewing the teeth or corrugations. A (Figure 1) is the driving
shaft; B is one of the discs of the clutch keyed fast on to the shaft A, which
shaft is driven by the fast pulley C; D is the other disc of the clutch keyed
fast to the pinion E; F is a volute spring placed on the shaft A, and backed
up with check nuts G, G1, which spring is made sufficiently strong to keep
the discs together, and so give motion to the loom. The power of the spring
can be regulated by the check nuts G, G1. The disc D, pinion E, and
spring F, are all mounted on the shaft A, so that when the clutch is not in
action the shaft A will turn freely within them without giving motion to the
disc D or pinion E; H is part of the spur wheel for driving the crank shaft
of the loom; J (Figures 1 and 2) is a small spring fixed on the disc of
the clutch B, and which spring is so made as to fit into the teeth or corruga-
tions of that disc, so that if the discs become separated it slips in and keeps
them apart until lifted out by the person in charge. The breadth of the
pinion is made greater than that of the spur wheel, in order to compensate for
or allow of the motions of the pinion along the shaft A, when the clutch is
brought into or thrown out of action. The same clutch may be applied to
other descriptions of machinery in which it may be desirable to provide for
a similar description of safety against accident.
Another part of our Invention consists of improvements in preventing the
rebound of the shuttle in a loom. For this purpose we employ a spring or
springs which are brought into action by the momentum of the shuttle in
entering the shuttle box, when the shuttle acting upon a lever causes the
spring or springs to come into such a position as to prevent or check the
rebound of the shuttle when the ordinary means have failed to prevent
the rebound. The ordinary means employed for this purpose frequently fail
to effect the object, particularly when a loom is worked at great speed, and
therefore we have devised this portion of our improvements for the purpose
of providing additional security against the injurious effects frequently resulting
from the rebound of a shuttle.
This part of our improvements is shewn in Figures 3, 4, and 5, in which
similar parts are marked with similar letters of reference. Figure 3 is a back
view of the shuttle box; Figure 4 is a transverse section taken through the
dotted line a, b, Figure 3; Figure 5 is a longitudinal section taken through
the dotted line c, d, Figure 3. A is a spring bolted to the back of shuttle box,
having the point of it immediately behind the lever B, which lifts the stopper,
but in such a position that the lever B will not touch the spring unless it shall
be driven back by the swell further than is necessary to allow the shuttle to
pass; C is the lever or swell as at present used. The Drawings show the

page_text: position of the stop lever D when the shuttle is at rest in the shuttle box.
The application of the spring A is not to put any additional pressure upon the
swell C, unless it shall be driven out to such an extent as to leave space for
the shuttle to rebound from the picker in the box into which it has just been
driven before the swell C could regain its proper position after the passage of
the shuttle. But when the swell C is driven too far back by the force of the
shuttle by reason of the loom being driven at a great speed or otherwise. the
spring A causes the swell more speedily to regain its proper position for
preventing the rebound of the shuttle. These springs are applied to each
shuttle box in addition to the springs now in use.
Another part of our said Invention consists of a mode of keeping the heads
of the wires used in a terry loom in an erect or vertical position when loose
wires are used for weaving terry or pile carpets or other terry fabrics. It is
found in practice when using flat or thin wires in such looms, that they are
apt to turn or fall down upon their sides instead of standing upon their edges,
and also that in using round wires the projections at the heads of such wires
are apt to fall or turn aside instead of standing up vertically. In both cases
when the projections at the heads of the wires fall or turn much out of their
vertical positions, the hook or catch for drawing the wires out of the cloth
fails to obtain such a hold of the projection or head of a wire as to draw it
out of the cloth. To prevent this we employ a small bar or instrument which
is passed through openings in the heads of the wires, and holds them in an
erect or nearly erect position. The beads of the wires as they are introduced
into the shed pass on to the bar at its fore end next to the lay, and they slide
along the bar towards its opposite end as the wires are carried along by the
working of the loom to the place where they are to be withdrawn; a wire
having arrived at that position, the book or catch pushes the bar slightly
forward (towards the lay) so as to allow of the wire being withdrawn, when
the hook or catch takes hold of the head of the wire and draws it out of the
cloth. We furnish the bar with a spring to prevent it from being forced too
far forward when the hook or catch comes into contact with it, and also enable
it to act better in keeping the wire heads in their proper positions; we also
attach a small projection or check upon the framing to prevent the bar from
slipping too far in the contrary direction. The bar is not fixed to any part of
the loom, but merely lies in the openings in the wire heads and it may be
made to suit different descriptions of wire heads.
We have in Figures 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawings shewn how
this part of our Invention may be carried out in practice. Figure 6 is an end
view of the heads of a set of wires as they appear at one side of the loom

page_text: whilst the wires remain in the fabric which is being woven in the loom;
Figure 7 is a side view of the head of one of the wires on that side which is
towards the front, when it is in the cloth shewing a section of the bar A in the
eye of the wire; Figure 8 is a plan or top view of the heads and portions of
the wires in the positions in which they are placed when in the cloth, but they
are shewn in the Figure without the cloth.
In these Figures similar parts are marked with similar letters of reference.
A is the moveable bar by means of which the wires are to be kept in their
proper positions; B is a check fastened to the framework of the loom. The
bar A is passed through the heads of the wires until one end of it reaches the
check B), as shewn in Figures 6 and 8. In order to prevent the bar from
slipping out in the direction of the lay, a small spring C is placed in a slot in
the bar, which spring presses against the cross bars in the eyes of some of the
wires, and keeps the bar in its proper position. When a wire has been
introduced into the shed by any apparatus convenient for that purpose, and by
means of a guide which conducts the wire into the open part of the shed we
give the guide a movement towards the fell of the cloth so as to pass the eye
of the wire into the small end of the bar A, upon which it is driven further
when it is beaten up by the action of the batten. As the weaving proceeds,
the wires pass successively along the bar A until they reach the end next to
the check B, when a hook or catch passes in front of the head of the wire
taking into the eye, and at the same time driving the bar out of the eye, so as
to allow the wire to be drawn out of the cloth. The check B is kept suffi
ciently low to allow the hook to pass over the top of it, when it comes to take
hold of the head of the wire in order to draw it.
Another portion of our Invention consists of apparatus (which may be
called a wire stopper) for stopping the action of a terry loom, when from any
cause the loom fails in proper time to draw out a wire which ought to be with-
drawn. For this purpose we place a wire stopper at each side of the cloth in
the loom close up to the place at which each of the wires is intended to be
drawn out of the cloth. If a wire when it comes in its turn to the place at
which it ought to be withdrawn happens from any cause not to be drawn out,
it will in its further progress occasioned by the take up motion of the cloth
upon the cloth roller come into contact with one or both of the wire stoppers,
each of which is connected with mechanism by which the loom will be caused
to stop.
In Figures 9, 10, and 11, of the said Drawings we have shewn our wire
stopper, together with portions of a loom sufficient to shew the arrangement
and application of the wire stopper or apparatus for stopping the loom if the

page_text: wire by any means 'is not withdrawn from the cloth. In these last-mentioned
Figures similar parts are marked with similar letters of reference. Figure 9
is a vertical section of a part of a terry loom with our wire stopper attached
to it; Figure 10 is a front view of part of a terry loom with the same wire
stopper attached to it, some of the parts being shewn in dotted lines); and
Figure 11 is a plan or top view of a portion of the same loom with the wire
stopper attached to it, some of the parts being shewn in dotted lines. A, A1,
are levers, placed on each side of the cloth, and close to it, as shewn on
Figures 10 and 11, fixed on the shaft B, placed under the cloth, and supported
by brackets C, C1, fixed to the framework D of the loom. A lever E, with
holes to allow of the traverse being lengthened or shortened, as the case may
require, is also fixed upon the shaft B; from that lever a small link F gives
motion to a lever G, (also provided with holes to regulate the traverse, which
is fixed upon the shaft H; this shaft is also supported from the framework
of the loom by parts not shewn on the Drawing. On the shaft H another
lever J is fixed, and attached to this lever is a link K, communicating with
the catch lever L. It will be obvious, upon inspecting these Figures, that if
the levers A, A 1, be forced back by pressure against the upper end of either
of them, the catch lever L will be set free or disengaged from the pin n. As
soon as that takes place, the spring M impels the small lever N forward, which
movement has the effect of releasing the starting lever Q from the notch O,
and by that means throwing the belt from the fast to the loose pulley, and
thus stopping the loom.
Another portion of our Invention relates to the transferring each of the terry
or pile wires in a loom to the front part of the work for reinsertion in the shed
after it has been drawn out of the cloth by a hook or other instrument. Also,
to the working of the oil brush in a terry or pile loom, and to the tightening
of the weft. Instead of lifting the point or end of the wire when drawn out
by the hook over the heads of the wires still remaining in the cloth, as is done
in some description of looms, we draw the wire further away from the cloth,
so that the point or end of it may be quite clear of the heads of the wires
remaining in the cloth. The point or end of the wire then rests upon a guard
or plane at the side of the cloth, along which it can pass towards the opening
in the shed into which it is to be introduced. Through this plane is a groove
or slot, in which a pusher or instrument works for pushing the point of the
wire towards the opening in the shed, and when pushed forward opposite to
this opening, it is ready for insertion into the shed. The said pusher or
instrument may be placed at the side of the guard or plane instead of working
through a groove in it. When the wire has advanced a little way into the

page_text: shed, this pusher returns from the front to the other extremity of the groove,
in doing which it comes in contact with the pin attached to the brush which
oils the wires and causes the brush to make part of a revolution upon its axis,
and brings it into the proper position for coming into contact with the wire to
be nextly drawn out, and by these means the oil is applied properly to each
wire. The same movement carries the brush back out of the way of the hook
during the time in which the latter is in the act of taking hold of the head of
a wire to withdraw it. When the hook has withdrawn the wire head beyond
the plane where the brush presses against a wire, the pusher goes forward a
little to allow the brush to be drawn by a spring or weight attached to it
against the wire, which thus gets oiled throughout its whole length, except
upon its head.
As soon as the wire is fully drawn out of the cloth, the pusher
commences to push the point or end of it towards the open shed, as before.
described. For the purpose of directing the point of the wire in the proper
manner for entering the shed, we employ an instrument to receive and support
it in the proper position for effecting that object, and along which instrument.
the wire passes into the shed. This instrument is made also to act as a weft
tightener; the last named operation is effected by the weft being carried by
the shuttle past the weft tightener into the shuttle box beyond it, and as the
shuttle box is carried by the lay in beating up the work in the direction which
tightens the weft, it becomes tightened accordingly. To provide against the
shuttle being stopped in its progress towards the shuttle box by striking
against the weft tightener, the latter is made to lift on a pivot, by which means.
the shuttle is enabled to raise the weft tightener if driven against it, and pass
underneath it, and so prevent breakage occurring.
We have in Figures 12, 13, and 14, shewn this portion of our Invention as
attached to a terry loom; similar parts in these Figures being marked with
similar letters of reference. Figure 12 is a front view with portions of the
loom (partly in section) to which these improvements are attached; Figure 13.
is a side view of the same improvements with portions of the loom (also partly
shewn in section) to which the improvements are attached; and Figure 14 is
a plan or top view of the same improvements, together with portions of the
loom to which they are attached. A is a plane fixed to the framework of the
loom, in which is cut a slot B (Figure 14); in this slot a lever or pusher C.
works; D is a pin fitted into a double or bell crank lever E working in a
bracket F, also fitted to the framework of. the loom, at the upper end of one:
arm of the bell crank lever E. The circular oil brush G has a circular rack
fixed at one side of it, and it is mounted upon a pin upon which it is capable
of turning. The catch N is mounted upon a pin attached to an arm secured to

page_text: the frame of the loom; H is a small weight placed upon the other arm of the
bell crank lever E, in order to press the brush G against the wires W. A
cam J is fixed upon the tappit shaft S (Figure 13), one end of bar K is
jointed to the pusher C, the other end of which bar passes through a bearing
in the frame in which it works, one end of a spiral spring L is attached
to the framing of the loom at M. The other end of the spring L is
attached to the arm T projecting from the bar K, so as to cause the truck or
bowl V to be pressed against the periphery of the cam J. It will now be
observed that as the cam revolves in the direction shewn by the arrow (in
Figure 13), it will give alternating motions to the pusher C for the purpose of
carrying the point of a wire towards the open shed and then returning, so as
to be ready to carry the point of the next wire in like manner. When the
pusher is pressed against the pin D in the cranked lever E, the point of the
catch N, which acts upon the circular rack O, causes the brush to make part
of a revolution.; P is an instrument to receive and support the wire in a
proper position as it is being inserted into the shed. This instrument also acts
as a weft tightener. The last named operation is effected in the following
manner: The weft is carried by the shuttle through the opening shewn in
Figure 13, and marked Q, and as the shuttle box is carried by the lay in
beating up the work in the direction of the cloth, it becomes tightened
accordingly, as shown in Figure 14. In order to prevent breakage the
instrument P is made to work on a pivot R, so that if by any means the
shuttle should get stopped in its progress to the shuttle box in the space Q,
the lay in beating up the work would cause the shuttle to raise the instrument
P, and so prevent any damage. The position of the pusher C as shewn in
Figures 12 and 13, is its position when the hook has taken hold of the head
of the wire and is drawing it out of the cloth, and the pusher C has advanced
a little, in order to allow the brush to press against the wire for the purpose of
oiling it as it is being withdrawn. The pusher C is also ready the instant the
wire is drawn from the cloth and clear of the heads of the wires remaining in
the cloth to push the end of the wire into a recess in the instrument P for
reinsertion into the shed, which operation is effected the cam J giving
motion to the pusher, as herein-before described. The pusher in returning so
as to be ready to take out the wire nextly to be withdrawn, is made to recede
a little further back than is shewn in the Drawings, so that the hook can
advance and take hold of another wire without coming in contact with the
pusher C or the oil brush G. The instrument P as shewn in the Drawing is
for weaving what is commonly known as double shed, or for putting the wire
into the shed and throwing the shuttle with the back shoot simultaneously;.

page_text: should it be required to weave what is known as single shed, we alter the
instrument P as shewn by dotted lines.
Another part of our Invention consists of a mode of constructing the lever
which is employed either by itself or in conjunction with another lever, for
withdrawing or for inserting and withdrawing terry or pile wires in a loom in
weaving Brussels carpets or other terry or pile fabrics. This lever we construct
with a curved slot, in which slot works the pin or pulley attached to the crank
or tappit for giving motion to the lever. We make or adjust the direction
and extent of the curvature of this slot, so that the lever in withdrawing a
wire from the cloth shall draw it out more slowly at the commencement of the
operation, when the cloth has the greatest hold upon the wire with a gradually
increasing motion as the wire becomes more free from the cloth, and so as to
come to a standstill or nearly so whilst the hook or wire holder is being
detached from the head of the wire. The hook or wire holder is connected
with the lever employed for inserting and withdrawing the wires and is put in
motion by it.
In Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 of the said accompanying Drawings we
have shewn how this part of our Invention may be performed, and in these
Figures similar parts are marked with similar letters of reference. Fig. 15
is a front view of one half of a carpet loom, shewing the side of the loom at
which the terry wires are introduced, also shewing a slotted lever constructed
according to our Invention for withdrawing the terry wires. Figure 16 is an
enlarged view of the slotted lever shewn in Figure 15.
Figure 15 shews how the curved slotted lever is used or applied in conjunc-
tion with a lever D, by means of which the wires are drawn out. The slotted
levers used in withdrawing the wires in looms of this description have hitherto
been made with straight slots, and in withdrawing the wire out of the cloth,
they have produced an irregular motion of the wire, quich at, or soon after
the commencement, then decreasing, and afterwards increasing in speed. In
order to avoid the disadvantages resulting from this arrangement, we make
the slots of our levers curved instead of straight, thus causing the motion of
the wire at the commencement to be comparatively slow, and gradually
increasing. The curved slotted lever is mounted upon a pin at its lower end in
the usual way, and is actuated by the revolution of the tappit plate B and the
stud C for working the slotted lever A. At the time when the drawing out
of a wire is commenced, the stud C is about in the position within the curved
slot shewn in Figure 16, and as the drawing out proceeds, the stud is carried
up towards the top of the slot, gradually increasing the motion according to
the lesser or greater amount of curvature given to the slot, and after the stud

page_text: has reached the top of the slot the motion is still more rapid, until the wire is
nearly withdrawn, when the speed gradually decreases, until the wire is drawn
quite out of the cloth. The further revolution of the tappit plate B carries the
stud C round to the position shewn in Figure 16, bringing the lever into the
proper position for drawing out another wire. The curved slotted lever is
connected with the lever D for withdrawing the wire, by means of an adjusting
link provided with a right and left-hand screw E, so as to regulate the traverse
of the lever B as may be required.
In Figure 17 we have shewn another slotted lever with a curved slot,
which may be employed in conjunction with a lever, such as lever D, in
Figure 15, not only for drawing out the wires but also for inserting them into
the shed, the neck of this lever being shortened for enabling it to effect that
object. The curvature of the slot in this lever is such, as to fit it for weaving
carpets with what is called double shed and two shoots to the wire.
In Figure 18 we have shewn another slotted lever with a curved slot, which
may be employed in conjunction with a lever, such as lever D, Figure 15, not
only for drawing out the wires, but also for inserting them into the shed, the
neck of this slotted lever being shortened in a similar manner to that shewn
in Figure 17, and the curvature of the slot being made such as to fit the lever
for weaving carpets with what is called single shed with two shoots to the
wire, 'or with double shed and three shoots to the wire. In each of these
cases the top of the lever D is supposed to be connected with suitable apparatus
for withdrawing, or for withdrawing and inserting the wires, as the case may be.
In Figure 19 we have shewn another slotted lever with a curved slot, and
the lever so constructed as to enable it to be used in withdrawing and inserting
wires in the same way as the slotted lever shewn in Figure 18, but without
the aid of a lever such as D, in Figure 15, the top of the lever in Figure 19
communicating directly with the apparatus for withdrawing and inserting the
wires in lieu of the top end of the lever D.
Having now fully described the nature of this our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we declare that we do
not intend to claim any of the mechanical parts of the machinery before
described, separately or apart from the application and combination thereof,
as herein-before described, as being any of our Invention, and that we do
claim as of our Invention.
First, the combination of parts or mode of constructing a clutch, which we
call a safety clutch, for driving or giving motion to a loom or other description
of machinery, as herein-before described.
Secondly, the application of an additional spring or additional springs to a

page_text: shuttle box, for the purpose of preventing, or assisting in preventing the
rebound of the shuttle, as herein-before described.
Thirdly, the application of a loose bar passing through the heads of terry
wires in combination with the other parts described for keeping the heads of
the wires used in a terry or pile loom in an erect or proper position, as herein-
before described.
Fourthly, the combination of parts constituting what we call a wire stopper,
for stopping a terry or pile loom when one of its terry wires is not withdrawn
in proper time, as herein-before described.
Fifthly, the combination of parts for transferring the terry wires as they
are withdrawn from the cloth in a pile or terry loom to the front of the work
for insertion into the open shed, also for working the oil brush, and for
tightening the weft, as herein-before described.
Sixthly, the mode of constructing a lever, which is employed for with-
drawing, or for inserting and withdrawing terry wires in a terry loom with a
curved slot in such lever, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bagley, on behalf of myself
and of the said John Henderson, William Henderson, and Samuel
Holdsworth, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day
of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred..
and fifty-nine.
THOMAS BAGLEY. (L.S.)