AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR COOLING OR WARMING MILK AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Thomas Bond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1883.
FRANCIS THOMAS BOND, of Gloucester in the county of Gloucester, Doctor of
Medicine, AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR COOLING OR WARMING MILK AND OTHER
LIQUIDS
The appliance to which this invention refers is of three forms. The first of these
forms I construct as follows: I make a vessel of any shape, but preferably
cylindrical, of sheet metal, as thin as is consistent with strength, closed at the
bottom and open at the top. In the bottoin of this vessel I fix a tap, and to the
upper part of the wall of the vessel, both on the inside and the outside thereof, I
adapt a gallery, so that one gallery shall run round the upper part of the wall of
the vessel on the outside thereof, and the other on the inside. In the outer wall of
the outer gallery, and also in the inner wall of the inner gallery, I perforate a
number of holes, in such a way that the holes in each gallery shall form a ring
around the vessel and shall also be on the same level with and at equal distances
from one another. The size and number of the holes will vary with the size of
the vessel and with the amount of liquid to be dealt with, it being understood that
the smaller their size and the nearer they are together the more effective they
will be
The operation of this vessel will be as follows: if it be desired to cool or heat a
liquid, such as milk, such liquid may be led by a pipe or other convenient means
into either of the two galleries, whence it will pass through the holes in the side of
the gallery on to the corresponding surface of the vessel, down which it will trickle
in streams, which will unite to form a thin sheet of liquid if the surface over
which they flow be first uniformly moistened. If water at an appropriate
temperature be then led into the other gallery it will in the same way trickle in
a thin sheet down the other surface of the vessel, and will, by the conducting
power of the metallic wall which separates the two liquids, either raise or lower, as
the case may be, the temperature of the milk or other liquid on the other surface
of the wall. The liquid flowing down the outer surface of the vessel may when it
arrives at the bottom thereof be collected in a gallery running around the vessel and
be conducted thence away by a pipe or spout: that flowing down the inner surface
may be collected in the interior of the vessel or be allowed to flow away directly
by the tap.
The second form of my appliance I construct as follows: instead of making the
wall of the vessel herein before described of a single sheet of metal I make it of two
sheets, separated from one another by a short and equal distance on all sides, so as
to form an annular chamber, which chamber I close at the bottom and top in an
air tight manner. In the outer wall of this chamber, as near the bottom as

page_text: possible, I make a hole, and in the same wall, as near the top as possible, but on
the opposite side of the vessel to the first hole, I make a second hole; and to these
holes I adapt pipes, so that water can be led into the annular chamber by the pipe
at the lower part thereof and, after filling the chamber, may flow off by the pipe at
the upper part thereof. I then adapt two galleries to the upper part of the vessel,
the one to the outer surface of the annular chamber, and the other to the inner
surface, and I perforate them in each case with a ring of holes, as hereinbefore
described. The liquid to be cooled or heated may then be led into each of the two
galleries and will trickle down both surfaces of the annular chamber, and may be
collected in a gallery on the outer side thereof, and in the cavity of the vessel from
the inner surface, as hereinbefore described. The advantage of this arrangement
over that before described is that double the extent of surface available in the first
form of vessel may be obtained and the cooling or heating effect of the arrangement
thereby proportionately increased.
The foregoing two forms of my appliance can only be conveniently employed
where water can be led into the vessel from a tank or service supplied under
pressure. Where such supply is not available or convenient I construct my
appliance in a third form, so as to allow it to be fed with water by hand. For
this purpose, instead of adapting a pipe to the bottom of the annular chamber on
the outside, I make a hole at the bottom of the inner wall of the annular chamber
on the opposite side of the vessel to that on which the outlet pipe is fixed. I then
attach a pipe or piece of elastic tubing to the outlet pipe, sufficiently long to reach
below the bottom of the vessel, which for this purpose should be placed somewhat
above the ground. If water be then poured into the cavity of the vessel until the
latter be full, the water will at the same time rise in the annular chamber until it
reaches the outlet, when it will flow down the outlet pipe, and a siphon being
thus formed the water will continue to flow until the chamber is exhausted. The
rate of flow may be regulated by adapting a cock to the outlet pipe, and if water
be supplied to the vessel again before exhaustion of the siphon takes place, the
action may be kept up continuously. In this form of my appliance I do not adapt
a gallery to the upper part of the inner surface of the annular chamber, as this
surface is not available for the application to it of a liquid for purpose of being
cooled or heated, in consequence of its being necessarily in contact with the water
used for effecting this object.
Where it is desired to store milk or other liquids at a given temperature the
vessel so constructed is well adapted for the purpose, as such liquids can be kept
continuously at any temperature between the freezing and the boiling points by
allowing water at the temperature required to flow over the outer surface of the
vessel.
In order to delay the course of the liquids flowing down the two surfaces of the
vessel, and thus to facilitate the interchange of temperature between them, stops,
in the shape of metallic ribs, may be attached to these surfaces. These ribs may
be fixed either horizontally or obliquely, and may be continuous or interrupted.
The same effect may also be obtained by corrugating the wall of the vessel hori-
zontally, by which latter device also, as well as by vertical corrugation, the relative
amount of surface to the size of the vessel may be increased: or by covering the
outer wall of the vessel with a jacket of linen or other fabric, down which the
liquid will flow more slowly than over the smooth surface of the vessel. This
latter device has the advantage of helping to lower the temperature of the liquid
by the heat abstracted by evaporation when the conditions of the external air are
favourable for this result.