IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY AND IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER TURPOSES.
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Silvanus Phillips Thompson of University College,
Bristol, Doctor of Science, and Professor of Experimental Physics in the said
University College for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC
MACHINERY AND IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN CONNECTION THEREWITH OR FOR
OTHER TURPOSES.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Silvanus Phillips Thompson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1883.
SILVANES PHILLIPS THOMPSON of University College, Bristol, Doctor of Science,
and Professor of Experimental Physics in the said University College.
IN
DYNAMO-ELECTRIC
MACHINERY AND 13
"
MENTS
CONNECTION THEREWITH OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
APPARATUS FOR
IMPROVE-
USE
IN
My improvements relate to dynamo-electric machines to serve as generators of
electric currents or as electric motors. Under the term dynamo-electric machines I
include that class sometimes called magneto-electric machines wherein the field
magnets are permanently magnetised. Some of the said improvements are also
applicable to other motors such as gas, steam, and water engines.
-
The first part of my improvements relates to a dynamo-electric generator
of a novel type having no commutator, pole-changer, collector, or collector-
brushes. In all dynamo-electric generators hitherto known either the armature
with its coils, or the field magnet, or both, have been caused to rotate. Hence in
all such machines, commutators or collectors involving sliding contacts have been
used, with many attendant disadvantages. Even in those cases where the armature
coils are fixed, and the field maguct rotates alone, sliding contacts are inevitable
except in the cases where permanent magnets are employed. In my improved
machines the field magnets, however excited, are fixed; the armature coils are also
fixed, their cores being sometimes constructed with iron, sometimes without iron.
Instead of rotating either of these I rotate between them inductors which may
consist partly of iron or other maguotic metal, and partly of non-magnetic or of

page_text: non-metallic matter. The rotating inductors consist, in some cases, of wheels,
drums, discs, or rings carrying upon or in them, masses of iron or other metal to
act inductively. These masses are oblique, coiled, rolled, laminated, solid hollow
or curved according to circumstances. They are, during their rotation, magnetised
by passing near the poles of the field magnets and thus made to act inductively
upon the armature coils. In some cases the rotating inductors take the form of
pole-pieces of peculiar construction. In some cases they consist of iron wires in
bundles. 1 group them variously according to the number of poles of the field
maguets and coits in the armatures. I sometimes employ two or more sets of
inductors in one machine. In some cases I construct my armature coils so that
they also rotate, and I then employ sliding contacts; and I sometimes wind the
armature coils partly with iron wire and partly with copper. The rotating drum
or disc on, or in, which the inductors are fixed" may serve as the driving pulley of
the machine.
1
The second part of my improvements relates to the means for regulating and
governing dynamo-electric machines, used as electric motors, and is applicable to
electric motors of different types, including those of the type described in the
specification of my former letters patent granted to me, and dated the 27th day of
October A.D. 1882. No 5122. These improved meth of governing the speed of
motors comprise, the periodic cutting of the current eit..er in the armature coils or
in those of the field magnet, the periodic introduction of a fixed resistance into the
circuit either of the armature or of the field magnet, the periodic alteration of the
resistance of the armature or field magnet, the periodic introduction into the
armature coils or those of the field magnet of a counter-electro-motive force; a
periodic short circuiting of part of the coils either of the armature or field magnet,
a periodic closing or opening of a shunt circuit wound in such a direction is to
oppose the magnetism of either the armature or the field magnets. They also
comprise the production of a relative motion between the armature and the
commutator or between the commutator and the brushes, or between the brushes
and the armature, or between the brushes and the field magnets. In one method
of governing I alter the positions of the field magnets or of their pole pieces, or of
the coils which magnetise them; and in some cases for regulating the power of
motors, 1 control the magnetism of the field magnets by introducing across their
terminals as a shunt, a variable resistance to be operated as hereinafter described,
or by introducing a
.i teaser circuit. In some cases I wind the field magnets
with double shunt coils and introduce a variable resistance into one or both
shunts.
These various methods of controlling or regulating the mutual action and
reaction of the armature and field magnets are to be effected automatically by the
machines in one of the following ways, namely, either by a centrifugal governor
like that of an ordinary steam-engine, or by centrifugal governors dependent upon
the greater or less pressure exerted upon end bearings by a sliding weight or heavy
mass whirled round upon the axis of the motor: or by centrifugal governors
consisting of mercury enclosed within a rotating cup: or by dynamometrical
governors of the type which will now describe.
The principal of the dynamometrical governors which are one of the features of
my present improvements consists in the application to the purpose of governing
dynamo-electric machines, of those instruments known as dynamometers and
hitherto employed almost exclusively for the purpose of measuring the force or
thrust transmitted from one part of a machine to another.
employment of dynamometrical, instead of centrifugal governors, I attain a better
I find that by the
and more constant regulation of speed, since a dynamometrical governor causes the
power supplied to be always proportional, within certain working limits, to the
load. I take as the type of my dynamometrical governor the apparatus known
as the
morin dynamometer".
dynamo-electric machine may be employed when the said machine is being used
A morin dynamometer applied to the axle of a
as a generator, to regulate the supply of steam to the steam engine, or may be

page_text: employed when the machine is being used as a motor to regulate, in any one of
the previously specified ways, the supply of electric energy. Other dynamometers
may be similarly applied as governors to operate the controlling mechanism. ln
some places I employ strap dynamometers like those of Siemens. In other cases
where the driving is effected by direct gearing I employ dynamometers consisting
of a loose pulley or face plate like the face plate of a shaft coupling rigidly fixed
upon the driving or driven axis and connect it elastically to an arm or wheel
attached to the axis of the dynamo (or motor), and cause the angular or torsional
advance of one part beyond the other to affect or adjust the regulating mechanism.
In some cases I arrange the dynamometrical governor so that it gives the commu-
tator an angular displacement relatively to the armature, or gives the brushes an
angular displacement, altering their lead. In some cases the dynamometrical
governor causes the armature and commutator, or either of them, to slide along
the axis, and if the commutator be constructed with oblique segments this motion
will procure the desired alteration in lead at the brushes. In dynamo electric
machines used as generators the introduction of a dynamometrical driving pulley
upon the axis of the armature may be made to produce an automatic adjustment
of the brushes in proportion to the work of the current, or to work any other kind
of automatic regulator.
I find that some forms of my governing apparatus are better suited to
distribution of electric energy at a constant potential and others to distribution
with constant intensity of current. Moreover some of them are better adapted
than others to series wound machines, and others to shunt wound machines.
For the better knowledge of the actual currents produced and employed I use
improved measuring instruments consisting of modified taugent galvanometers;
the needle of my instrument consists of a number of parallel strips of steel
pivotted upon an axis perpendicular to the strips but lying in the same plane
with them. This needle I enclose within a cage of wires or strips of copper
through which the currents pass, and I read the indications of the needle by a
light straight index moving on a scale drawn with oblique lines making equal
parts at the straight edge of the scale which lies perpendicular to the position of
rest of the needle. I sometimes employ controlling magnets in conjunction with
the said galvanometers.
My improvements also comprise an instrument or apparatus measuring the
amount of current that has passed in a given time, or the amount of electric energy
that has been delivered by the current. In this instrument I employ a double
train of wheels actuated by a weight, or a spring, or by the current itself, and
controlled by the electric mechanisin to alter the tension of a spring so as to cause
it at every instant to balance the attraction between the parts of the electri
mechanism. The electric mechanism if employed for measuring current only, will
be a main circuit solenoid (or electro magnet) with a core of soft iron or hard steel
one of the two being movable: If used for measuring potential only, a shunt
circuit solenoid with a core of soft iron or hard steel, one of the two being
movable; if for measuring electric energy a pair of solenoids one of them being in
the main circuit, the other a shunt. The inovable part in any case will be so
mounted that by its motion in obedience to the greater force, either of the spring
or of the electric attraction, it lets off either train of wheels, causing the opposing
force of the spring to be increased or diminished to an exact balance. By recording
the position of the other end or of any suitable intermediate point of the spring
upon a rotating drum independently regulated, a continuous graphic record of the
integral consumption of current, or of the work done by the dynamo electric
machine, may be obtained. In some cases I employ the mechanism of the dynamo
electric machine itself to effect a similar result, by adapting the dynamometrical
governor to move a pencil over a sheet of paper moving on a rotating drum whose
5 speed of motion is at every instant proportional to that of the machine, and so I
obtain a graphie tracing as required. The former of these improved instruments

page_text: is applicable generally to an electric meter; the latter as a meter of the mechanical
work of the machine to which it is applied.
My dynamometrical governors are peculiarly well adapted, from their rapidity
of action, to be placed upon steam engines when used for driving dynamo-electric
machinery or for other purposes requiring great steadiness in work. If on the
axis of a steam engine beside the fly wheel a second loose-running fly wheel be
placed as a driving pulley, and connected elastically and dynamometrically with
the first, the angular displacement of the one relatively to the other will measure
the load at every instant, and may be made to work an equilibrium valve or to
alter the lap or lead of an ordinary double slide valve, or control a throttle valve,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Silvanus Phillips Thompson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th September 1883.
SILVANUS PHILLIPS THOMPSON of University College, Bristol, Doctor of Science
and Professor of Experimental Physics in the said University College,
" IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINERY, AND IN APPARATUS FOR USE
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
My improvements relate to dynamo-electric machines to serve as generators of
electric currents, or as electric motors. Under the term dynamo-electric machines
I include that class sometimes called magneto-electric machines wherein the field-
magnets are permanently magnetized.
One part of myimprovements relates to a dynamo-electric generator of a novel type
having no commutator, pole-changer, collector, or collector-brushes. In all dynamo-
electric generators hitherto known, either the armature with its coils, or the
field-magnet, or both, have been caused to rotate. Hence in all such machines,
commutators or collectors involving sliding contact have been used, with many
attendant disadvantages. Even in those cases where the armature-coils are fixed,
and the field-magnets rotate, sliding contacts are inevitable except in the cases
where permanent magnets are employed. In my improved machines, the field
magnets, however excited, are fixed, the armature-coils are also fixed; they being
sometimes constructed with iron cores, sometimes with non-metallic cores.
Instead of rotating either of these parts, I rotate between them inductors which
may consist partly of iron or other magnetic metal, and partly of non-magnetic or
of non-metallic matter. The rotating inductors consist in some cases, of wheels,
drunis, dises or rings carrying upon, or in, them masses of iron or other metal to
act inductively. These masses are oblique, coiled, rolled, laminated, hellowed or
curved, according to circumstances. They are. during their rotation, magnetized
by passing near the poles of the field-magnets, and are thus made to act inductively
upon the armature-coils. A simple form of this dynamo-electric machine is shewi
in Figures 1, 2, and 2 of the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure is a front elevation of the said machine
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the inductor-drum, and
Figure 2 is a right hand side elevation of the said machine
The remaining figures are hereinafter described
Ris a drum or stout dise of wood, papier maché, or other non-conducting
substance. In this drum or dise are fixed the inductors r, r, which, in this
particular example, are only two in number, and are made of thin sheets of iron
suitably clamped together in two bundles. This drum, as shewn in Figure 1, is
mounted on an axle driven by means of a pulley P. In this example, the field-
magnet M has two poles and there are two armature-coils A, A When the
inductor-drum rotates, the inductors, though they do not come into actual contact
with the poles either of the magnet or of the armature, make magnetic connection
between the said poles. For instance, the inductor r, in the position shewn in
Figure 2, connects the upper armature-pole with the left hand pole of the field-
magnet; the field-magnet and armature poles are shewn in dotted lines in this
figure. A quarter rotation of the said drum would change the position of the
nductor so that the same upper armature-pole would be magnetically connected
with the right hand magnet-pole. As the right and left hand magnet-poles are
espectively of opposite signs, one being a north pole, the other south, the
assage of the inductors from one position to the other during rotation will induce

page_text: alternate currents in the armature-coils. It is obvious that dynamo-electric
machines may be constructed of a similar kind having a larger number of poles
and inductors. The inductors may have various forms; they should not be made
of solid iron on account of liability to heating, but of lamina of iron, or of iron wire
in bundles, or of iron filings enclosed in cases. The grouping and form of the
inductors will depend on the number of poles of the field-magnets and coils of the
armature. I sometimes employ two or more sets of inductors in one machine, fixed
to one or more rotating drums.
In some cases I employ the rotating drum or disc, on, or in, which the inductors
are mounted, as the driving pulley of the machine.
I am aware of a suggestion made by a Mr. W. E. Sawyer in or about the
year 1881 for a machine called a distributor wherein a central boss with projecting
faces of solid iron was to be caused to rotate between the poles of two sets of fixed
electro-magnets, and I do not consider such machine to constitute any part of my
invention.
Another part of my improvements relates to means for regulating and governing
dynamo-electric machines used as electric motors, and is applicable to electric
motors of different types, including those of the type described in the specification
of my formed Letters Patent dated the 27th day of October, A.D. 1882, N° 5122, as
well as other motors in which ring armatures or armatures of other kinds are used.
My improved methods of regulating the speed of motors comprise :-
First. The alteration of the resistance in the circuit of the armature or of the
field-magnet.
Secondly. The introduction, into the armature-coils or those of the field-magnet,
of a counter electromotive force.
Thirdly. The closing or opening, or variation, of a shunt circuit wound in such
a direction as to oppose the magnetism of either the armature or the field-magnets.
Fourthly. The production of a relative motion between the armature and
commutator or collector.
Fifthly. The production of a relative motion between the brushes and the
field-magnets.
Sixthly. The production of a relative motion between the armature and brushes,
when the former is fixed.
Seventhly. The production of a relative motion between the commutator or
collector and the field-magnets, when the latter rotaic.
Eighthly. In some cases the speed of the motor is regulated by controlling the
magnetism of the field-magnets by introducing across their terminals, as a shunt, a
variable resistance to be operated as hereinafter described.
Ninthly. In some cases I wind the field-magnets, whether fixed or rotating, with
n circuit. which branches into two equal coils, through each of which a part of the
main current passes (but in opposite directions), a variable resistance being
introduced into one or both of these roils; this arrangement may be called a
differential field-magnet.
The first of these methods is illustrated by the diagram Figure 3, wherein Mis
the magnetizing coil and C the device for altering the resistance of that part of the
circuit. Different kinds of devices may be used at C, such as a contact spring
whose pressure is varied, a pair of blocks of hard carbon, the contact resistance
hetween them varying with pressure, or some device such as that shewn in sectional
elevation in Figure 6, which consists of a column or series of cakes or slabs of
hard gas-carbon or other suitable material loosely resting one upon another
enclosed in a frame or box of non-conducting material such as slate, and provide
with metal connections which can be pressed with greater or less force agains
the said column or series of slabs so as to bring the surfaces of the said slabs inte
more or less intimate contact. In some cases I connect the terminals of the
contact C, Figure 3, with a shunt of high resistance. To effect the aim of the
second method, the terminals of the contact may be connected with the poles o
a secondary battery. Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the eighth method, wherei

page_text: the amount of resistance offered by the device C in the shunt circuit determines
the current flowing through M. The third method is illustrated by the diagram
Figure 5, wherein S and M represent the shunt and main circuits and the
variable resistance.
It is evident that adjustments of the nature of those specified might be made in
many cases by hand, and as such, some of them have already been used, but the
aim of this part of my prescut Invention is to make electric motors self-regulating,
the various methods of controlling the mutual action and reaction of the armature
and field magnets being effected automatically by the motors, so that they shall
run at a uniform speed when supplied with an electric supply either at a uniform
potential or with a uniform current, according to circumstances. If a motor is not
to race when the load is removed therefrom, the mechanism must be so arranged
that the mutual attraction between the armature and field-magnet shall be either
lessened in amount or diminished in duration automatically. Also, if the load is
increased, which would tend to make the motor move more slowly, the amount of
duration of the mutual attraction must be correspondingly increased automatically.
In my present Invention the motors themselves effect the regulation in one or
other of the previously specified nine methods by means of one of the following
kinds of mechanism, that is to say:—By a centrifugal governor like that of an
ordinary steam-engine, or by a centrifugal governor not like that of an ordinary
steam engine, but depending upon the greater or less pressure of a sliding weight
or of a heavy mass attached to a spring, and whirled around upon the axle of the
motor. Or by a dynamometrical governor of the type hereinafter described.
Figures 10 and 11. illustrate the application of centrifugal governors like those
of ordinary steam-engines. Figure 10 represents in side elevation a governor G
placed on the axle of a vertical motor M; the rising of the governor-balls serves,
by means of a lever L, to operate a variable resistance C, like that above described.
as used at the points marked C in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Figure 11 illustrates by a
side elevation the application of a governor of this class to alter the relative
position of the armature A and the commutator Q of one of the motors described
in my said former specification: the commutator being, in this case, cut with
spiral divisions and mounted on a square part of the axle so that it will rotato
therewith but can be caused to slide upon the said axle by the action of the
governor. The result of such automatic sliding will be to alter the effective lead
of the brushes B. In another form of motor I employ four or more brushes B
attached to a circular frame of ebonite or other non-conducting material, as
shewn in Figure 12, the commutator C being a simple one of two parts, spirally
cut, and attached to a rotating armature or electro-magnet such as is shewn in
perspective in Figure 13. A centrifugal or dynamometrical governor is applied to
draw the frame which holds the brushes, forward along the axle, or to rotate it, so
as to vary the lead as required.
In
I also employ centrifugal governors of another class, not like those of ordinary
steam-engines, and in these cause the pressure of a heavy mass, fixed on a spindle
or at the end of a spring and whirled around therewith, to exert a varying pressure
upon the end of a carbon resistance-box similar to that shown in Figure 6 and
already described. Two such governors are shown in Figures 14 and 15.
Figure 14, which is a plan, the variable resistances Care attached to the ends of a
cross-spindle, and the heavy balls B are partly supported by the springs S S. In
Figure 15, which is also a plan, the heavy masses H are attached to stiff springs S
which give them an initial prossure against the variable resistances C; this pressure
on rapid rotation is lessened. In this form of governor any sudden alteration of
the load of the motor will, in consequence of the inertia of the masses 11, produce a
more instantaneous change in the resistance than could be effected by an ordinary,
centrifugal governor.
I sometimes apply a centrifugal or dynamometrical governor to the arrange-
ment shewn in Figure, which represents in side elevation a device for cutting
off the current, or short circuiting it, or for throwing in a resistance or a counter

page_text: electromotive force periodically once every revolution of the motor. The metal
cylinder G is divided by an oblique cut or slot into two parts which are insulated
from one another, and a brush 15 is pressed against the cylinder. If the brush B
constitutes one pole of a circuit, the current which it supplies will be cut off during
a fraction of the revolution, or during the period that it is not in contact with
that portion of the cylinder G which is connected with the circifit. The duration
of the cutting off of the supply is altered by shifting the brush B along, or by
shifting the commutating cylinder G along its axis. Either of these actions may
be effected by mechanism. In those cases where 1 apply, as the mechanism for
doing this, a centrifugal governor like those shewn in Figures 10 and 11, I do not
however cut off the current or introduce a fixed resistance periodically, as these
applications of this device are not new, but I introduce periodically by the same
mechanism a counter electromotive force; the two parts of the obliquely cut
cylinder G being connected together through a suitable secondary battery.
The principle of the dynamometrical governor which is one of the features of
my present improvements consists in the application, to the purpose of governing
dynamo-electric machines, of those instruments known as transmission dynamo-
meters and hitherto employed almost exclusively for the purpose of measuring the
force or thrust transmitted from one part of a machine to other. I find that,
by the employment of dynamometrical instead of centrifugal governors, 1 attain a
better and more constant regulation of speed, since a dynamometrical governor
causes the power supplied to be always proportional (within certain working
limits) to the load, and when the load is changed does not need to wait until the
velocity changes, before it acts. I take as the type of my dynamometrical
governor the apparatus known as the "Morin dynamometer." A Morin dynamo-
meter applied to the axle of a motor may thus regulate in any one of the
previously enumerated ways the supply of electric energy. Other transmission
dynamometers may be similarly applied. as governors to operate the controlling
mechanism.
In cases where the driving is effected by direct gearing, I apply the angular or
torsional advance of one part of the dynamometer beyond the other to affect or
adjust the regulating mechanism. One way of securing automatic regulation is
illustrated in plan in Figures 8 and 9 in which is the driver pulley and A the
rotating armature (or in some cases the rotating field-magnet) of the motor. A is
not connected rigidly to the axle but slides upon a screw S, resembling the screw
of an archimedean drill, cut or formed on the axle. It is kept pressed toward one
end thereof by the spiral springs shewn in Figure 9. The angular thrust exerted
by the rotating armature A, and the reaction of the driver pulley P will cause A
to advance a certain distance along the axle, which distance increases with the
load. This advance of the armature along the axle may be made to effect an
automatic regulation precisely as the centrifugal governors above described, by one
or other of the methods already explained of altering the resistance, circuiting,
relative position of parts, and so forth.
The movement of the armature along its axle due to the dynamometric arrange-
ment just above described, is, in some cases, applied to operate a variable resistance
such as has been previously herein described. This may be affected by the
application of a lever like that shown at L, Figure 9, which communicates its
movement to the carbon column and varies the resistance thereof. In some cases
the driver pulley of the motor is mounted upon a similar screw and controlled by
a spring, the armature being, in this case secured to the axle.
I sometimes arrange the dynamometrical governor so that it gives the commu-
tator an angular displacement relatively to the armature. or gives the brushes an
angular displacement thereby altering their lead. In some instances the dynamo-
metrical governor causes the armature and commutator, or either of them, to slide
without twist, or with only small twist, along the axis, and if the commutator be
constructed with oblique seguents as described in my said former specification,
his motion will procure the desired alteration in lead at the brushes.

page_text: I also employ strap-dynamometers like those of Siemens, as shewn, in one form,
in Figure 16, which is a side elevation and wherein A is the driver pulley of the
motor and B the pulley that is driven. The belt passes between the two pulleys E
and which are supported on a frame R. A strong spring S opposes the
tendency of the belt to tighten on the side next F. The movement of the frame R
to the right or left is then nearly proportional to the load, and may be applied as
before to control automatically any of the previously specified devices for
regulation. In the Figure it is applied to vary the pressure of a variable
resistance C such as has been already described, the resistance-column C being
mounted in a spring steel framework D. Any other strap-dynamometer may be
similarly applied.
I am
aware of the suggestion made in the specification of Letters Patent
N° 2830 of 1882 to regulate a motor by periodic alteration of resistance or by
periodic shunting of the current effected by a centrifugal governor like an ordinary
steam-engine governor, and I am also aware of the suggestion in the same Letters
Patent of an arrangement and apparatus for altering the relative positions of the
commutator and of a Pacinotti ring armature, and I do not consider these specific
suggestions as forming any part of my present improvements.
Having thus fully described my said invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I Claim:-
First. In a dynamo-electric generator, the combination of rotating inductors
with fixed armature-coils, and field-magnets, substantially as set forth for the
purposes above specified.
Second. The use of a centrifugal governor like an ordinary steam-engine
governor to effect automatic regulation of an electric motor either by varying the
amount or duration of a counter electromotive force, or by varying the relative
position of commutator and field-magnet, substantially as described with reference
to Figure 11, or by altering the resistance in a differential electro-magnet wound
with two equal coils, all substantially as set forth.
Third. The use of a centrifugal governor not like that of an ordinary steam-
engine, but constructed substantially as described with reference to Figure 14 or
to Figure 15 of the drawings, to effect automatic regulation of an electric motor
by (a) varying the amount of duration of an interposed resistance, or, (6) by
varying the amount or duration of an interposed counter electro-motive force, or,
(e) by varying the current through a shunt circuit in which a variable resistance
is introduced, or, (d) by varying the resistance in a differential electro-magnet
wound with two equal coils, all substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The use of a dynamometrical governor, substantially such as described
with reference to either of the modifications shewn in the drawings, to effect
automatic regulation of an electric motor by any of the methods a, b, c, or d.,
enumerated in the preceding claim, or by altering the relative positions of the
armature, commutator-brushes, and field-magnets or any of them, all substantially
as set forth.
In Witness whereof I the said Silvanus Phillips Thompson have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty seventh day of September in the year of Our Lord,
one thousand eight hundred and sights thre
"SILVANUS PHILLIPS THOMPSON: (L.S.)