IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING NUT AND BOLT BLANKS AND RIVETS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR MAKING NUT AND BOLT BLANKS AND RIVETS
A
communication from abroad by Alfred Marland and Thomas Neely-both
of Pittsburgh, in the County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1882.
»
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of 53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING NUT AND BOLT BLANKS
AND RIVETS [A communication from abroad by Alfred Marland and Thomas
Neely-both of Pittsburgh in the County of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America.]
This Invention relates to nut machines of the class which are adapted to cut
blanks of proper length from a bar or rod and compress them in a suitable forming
die and at the same time axially punch the blanks in the line of the length of the
bar or rod from which they are cut and transversely to the plane of the cut and
then automatically discharge the completed product from the forming die.
The present machine is composed of a forming die and four principal tool carrying
parts, vis―two cross heads carrying hollow compressing mandrels (through which
mandrels the puuches are adapted to move), a cross head carrying the main punch
and the transversely moving knife, all of which are preferably operated through
connecting rods, yokes and levers from suitably constructed and arranged cams upon
a single main driving shaft.
The Invention consists in giving to these parts of the machine certain individual
and relative movements whereby the nuts are more perfectly formed and the
machine rendered inore efficient for its purpose than heretofore.

page_text: The die block in which is placed the forming die in which the blanks aro
compressed shaped and punched is fixed transversely upon a suitable frame near one
end thereof, and between the die block and the front end of the frame is placed
the cutting bar or knife and in front of that a sliding cross hend. The cutting bar
is formed with a large opening or cut away place, and in one side of this opening is
formed the cutting or knife edge-which is in line with the forming dic, and the
knife is givon a transverse movement against the front face of the die block by
means of a lever which is pivoted at one side of the frame and is moved by a cam
upon the end of the main shaft which is mounted at the rear end of the frame.
The cutting har is also forined in line with the die with an opening in which a
hollow auxiliary mandrel is placed. This mandrel is given a backward and forward
movement by means of the cross head above mentioned which is reciprocated in
guides in the frame by cams upon the main shaft moving in yokes connected by
rods to the ends of the cross head. Besides the reciprocating movement given by
the cross head, the auxiliary mandrel receives a lateral movement by the entting
bar, the mandrel being placed and held in the opening thereof. In order to
accommodate this lateral movement and at the same time to connect the maudrel
to the cross head, so that the movement of the cross head will be communicated to
the mandrel, the cross head is formed with an elongated opening and the top and
bottom of said opening with elongated gutters, and the head of the nuxiliary
mandrel is formed with collars which fit upon the ways formed by said gutters.
In the hollow auxiliary mandrel is placed a headed punch which is moved
through the mandrel for the purposes hereinafter described, and in the elongated
opening in the cross head is also placed a collared feed tube which is yoked to the
hollow mandrel and is thus moved laterally with the mandrel so as to register at
the proper time with the die for feeding the rod or bar of iron to the machine.
Behind the die block is a cross head which carries the main hollow mandrel, and behind
that another crosshead which carries the main punch, which latter moves through
the said main mandrel. The first of these two cross heads receives reciprocating
motion by means of connecting rods and yokes embracing cams upon the innin
shaft, and the other cross head also receives reciprocating motion by means of a
yoke (which is preferably made integral with the cross head) embracing a cam
upon the main shaft.
The operation is as follows:-
The blank bar is passed through the feed tube into the forming die and then cut
transversely by the knife. The auxiliary mandrel with the punch, and the main
mandrel with its punch, are caused to enter simultaneously at opposite ends of the
forining die before the cross hend which carries the auxiliary mandrel and feeding
Lube, reaches the end of the movement, but at different speed so that the innin
punch will be forced through the hollow mandrol and the two punches be made
to pierce the blank from opposite directions towards the centre while the mandrels
compress the ends.
After the punches have met in the middle of the blank the main punch follows
the auxiliary-punch on its withdrawal far enough to remove the intermediate
fin or thin pieco of metal, thus making a perfect and unobstructed hole through
the nut.
The nut having now been cut, compressed and punched, and the auxiliary mandril
and punch withdrawn from the dic, in order to remove the nut from the die, the
main mandril is caused to move still further forward in the die a sufficient distance
to push the nut out of the die. It will be understood that at the time the main
mandril is moving forward to expel the nut, the knife is moved back so that the
cut-away portion thereof will come in position to permit the nut to come out of
the die and fall below the machine. It will also be understood that at this time
the main punch is being withdrawn from the nut and from the mandril. The nut
having now been completed and cleared from the forming-die, the main mandril is
brought rapidly back to place so that all the parts are at their original position
again ready to repent the operation
•

page_text: In order that nuts of different sizes and forms may be produced by this machine
I provide interchangeable dies of different sizes and forms and interchangeablo
mandrils to correspond and in order that nuts of different thicknesses may be made
I provide collars to be placed upon the main punch of different lengths, or any
similar device might be used for this purpose to cause the crosshead carrying the
main mandril to have greater or less movement for the thickness of nut desired to
be made.
This machine can be used for the manufacture of boiler, tank and other kinds of
rivets and also for making bolt blanks. When it is desired to change the inchine
for making rivets, and bolt blanks, it is only necessary to take out both of the
punches, change the forming-dic for one of cylindrical form of the proper diameter
for the size of rivet or bolt blank desired, cut the form of head required on the
auxiliary mandril which must be of cylindrical forin as also must be the main
mandril which regulates the length of feed and delivers the product from the die.
The front part of the forming-die must be enlarged so as to allow the head to be
male as large and of any shape desired and the mandril must of course be
correspondingly enlarged.
The main mandril is at no time entirely withdrawn from the forming-die but at
all times forms a stop to regulate the feed of the rod or bar so that the blanks will
always be uniform and of just the right length.
By displacing the material of the blank for forming the central opening through
the nut instead of punching the material out, a great saving of material is gained;
besides this method facilitates the conformation of the exterior of the blank to the
walls of the die. But the auxiliary punch may be dispensed with if it is desired
to punch the metal out of the blank instead of forming the opening by displacing
the metal. In making nuts or bolts of large size two knives operating from
different sides of the machine may be used for severing the blanks from the rod
or bar.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the anid Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th October 1882.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE
Middlesex, Patent Agent,
CLARK of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING NUT AND
BOLT BLANKS AND RIVETS." A communication from abroad by Alfred Marland
and Thomas Neely, both of Pittsburgh, in the County of Allegheny and State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
This Invention relates to nut machines of the class which are adapted to cut
blanks of a proper length from a bar or rod and compress them in a suitable
formning die, and at the same time axially punch the blanks in the line of the
length of the bar or rod from which they are cut and transversely to the plane
of the cut, and then automatically discharge the completed product from the
fortning-dio
The present improved machine is composed of a forming-die and four principal 1
tool carrying parts vis: two cross hends carrying hollow compressing mandrels
(through which mandrels the punches are adapted to nove) a cross-head carrying
the main punch, and the transversely moving knife, all of which are prefembly
operated through connecting-rods, yokes and levers from suitably constructed and
arranged cams upon a single main driving shaft.
The Invention consists in giving to these parts of the machine certain individual
and relative movements whereby the nuts are more perfectly formed, and the
machine rendered more oflicient for its purpose than heretofore. The Invention
also consists of the details of construction and of the combinations and arrangements
of the parts all as hereinafter more fully described
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a plan view of the improved nut
machine. Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof. Figure 3 is a central longitudinal
sectional elevation on the line xx of Figure 1. Figure is a cross sectional
elevation on the line y y of Figure 1. Figure 5 is a cross sectional elevation on
the line of Figure 1. Figure 6 is a sectional elevation on the line
Figure 1 and Figures 7 8 and 9 are detail views showing respectively an end
elevation of the auxiliary mandrel and punch and feeding tube yoked together; a
side elovation of the forming-die, and an end view of the main mandrel and punch
all removed from the machine.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
of
The frame work A may be of any suitable construction for carrying the moving
parts of the machine. In and near one end of the frame work is journaled the
main shaft B and upon the frane-work and near the other end thoreof is secured
the die-block C, in which is placed the forming-die c in which the blanks are
compressed, shaped and punched. Between the dic-block C, and the front ond of
the frame work, that is, the end opposite to the one in which the main shaft is
journalled is placed the cutting bar or knife D, and the sliding cross-hend E. The
cutting bar is formed with the large opening or cut-away placu d, and in one side
of this opening is formed the cutting or knife edge d', which is in line with the
forming-dio c, as shown in Figure + and the knife is given a transverse movement
against the front face of the die-block C by means of the pivoted lever I which is
moved by the cam G fixed upon the end of the main shaft. The cutting-bar is
also formed in line with the die e, with the opening c in which the hollow auxiliary
mandrel H is placed. This mandrel is given a backward and forward movement
by means of the cross hend E which cross-hond is reciprocated by the cams E¹. E¹

page_text: upon the inain shaft moving in the yokes I I, which are connected to the ends of
the cross-head by the connecting rods e. e.
Besides the reciprocating movement which the cross-head E, gives to the
mandrel H the same is given a lateral movement by the cutting-bar the mandrel
being placed and held in the opening c² thereof. In order to accommodate this
lateral movement and at same time to connect the mandrel to the cross-head so that
the movement of the cross-head will be communicated to the mandrel, the cross-
head is formed with the elongated opening f, and the top and bottom of said
opening with the elongated gutters f',' and the head H' of the mandrel is formed
with the collars h, h, which fit upon the ways f" f" formed by said gutters as shown
in Figure 6.
In the hollow inandrel H is placed the headed punch J, which is moved through
the mandrel for the purposes hereinafter described, and in the elongated opening in
the cross head is placed the collared feed tube J' which is yoked to the mandrel H
by the yokej and is thus moved laterally with the mandrel so as to register at the
proper time with the die c, for feeding the rod or bar of iron to the machine.
Between the die block C, and the main shaft B is placed the cross-head K which
carries the inain hollow mandrel and the cross-head L, which carries the main
punch which latter moves through the said main mandrel. The cross head K is
given a reciprocating motion by means of the connecting rods kk' and the
yokes K' K, which fit over the cams M. M upon the shaft and the cross-head L is
given a reciprocating notion by means of the yoke L' (which is preferably made
integral with the cross head) placed over the cam N upon the main shaft
"
The cams M, M, G, and E' E' are constructed and arranged with respect to
other parts to operate them as follows: The blank bar is passed through the feed-
tube into the forming die c and then cut transversely by the knife D. The
mandrel H, with the punch J and the mandrel k with its punch are caused to
enter simultaneously at opposite ends of the forming die before the cross-head E
reaches the end of the movement but at different speed so that the punch will be
forced through the hollow mandrel and the two punches be made to pierce the
blank from opposite directions towards the centre while the mandrels compress
the ends. After the punches have met in the middle of the blank, the punch
follows the punch J on its withdrawal far enough to remove the intermediate
fin." This punch, in conjunction with the punch J, pierces the blank, forming
an axial opening through it by displacement of the metal of the blank in the line
of the feed and at right angles to the plane of the cutting of the blank from the
rod. At this time the two mandrels are approaching each other with great force,
compressing the blank end wise, causing it to be shortened and expanded and to
take the outline of the walls of the particular form of die being used. After the
ends of the punches have met in the blank, in order to reinove any fins or thin
pieces of metal which otherwise would remain in the nut at the place of meeting,
I prefer to so construct the cains M M as to cause the main punch to follow
the auxiliary punch a sufficient distance as it recedes to break out such fins or
thin pieces of metal, thus making a perfect and unobstructed hole through the nut.
The nut having now been cut, compressed, and punched, and the auxiliary
mandrel H, and punch J withdrawn from the die, in order to remove the nut from
the die the main mandrel is caused to move still further forward in the die a
sufficient distance to push the nut out of the die. It will be understood that at
the time the main mandrel is moving forward to expel the nut the knife is moved
back so that the cut-away portion d, thereof will come in position to permit the
nut to come out of the die and fall below the machine. It will also be understood
that at this time the main punch is being withdrawn from the nut and from the
mandrel. The nut having now been completed and cleared from the forming-die
the main mandrel k, is brought rapidly back to place so that all the parts are at
their original position again ready to repeat the operation.
In order that nuts of different sizes and forms may be produced by this machine
I provide interchangable dies of different sizes and forms and interchangable

page_text: mandrels to correspond; and in order that nuts of different thicknesses may be
made I provido collars, to be placed upon the punch between the cross-heads K
and L as shown at p, of different lengths, or any similar device might be used for
this purpose to cause the cross-head K to have greator or less movement for the
thickness of nut desired to be made.
This machine can be used for the manufacture of boiler, tank and other kinds of
rivots, and also for making bolt blanks. When it is desired to change the machine
for making rivets and bolt blanks, it is only necessary to tako out both of the
punches, change the forming-die for one of cylindrical form of the proper diameter
for the size of rivet or bolt blank desired, cut the form of head required on the
auxiliary mandrel which must be of cylindrical form as also must be the main
mandrel which regulates the length of foed and delivers the product from the die.
The front part of the forming-die must be enlarged so as to allow the head to bo
made as large and of any shape desired and the mandrel must of course bo
correspondingly enlarged.
The main mandrel k, is at no time entirely withdrawn from the forming-dio but
at all times forms a stop to regulate the feed of the rod or bar so that the blanks
will always be uniform and of just the right length.
By displacing the material of the blank for forming the central opening through
the nut instead of punching the material out, a great saving of material is gained;
besides, this method facilitates the conformation of the exterior of the blank to
the walls of the die. But the punch J may be dispensed with if it is desired to
punch the metal out of the blank instead of forming the opening by displacing the
inetal.
In making nuts or bolts of large size two knives operating from different sides
of the machine may be used for severing the blanks from the rod or bar.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner of performing the
sume 1 declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is
1st The combination with the stationary forming die c of the knife bar D,
punches H., and hollow mandrels H, k, arranged and operating together as
described.
2nd The combination with the stationary forming die c, of the knife D, having
the cut away part movable in front of the die c after the nut is formed, and the
mandrel movable forward through the die to force the nut into said cut away
part as described.
3rd The mandrel k having its movement limited and confined within the
forming die e to serve as a stop and support for the blank as described.
4th The combination with the knife D provided with the openings cd, and
cutting edge d' the lever F, and cam G, of the mandrel II, the cross-head E, rods cc,
yokes II, and cans E¹ E¹ ns and for the purpose specified.
5th The cross-head E, provided with the opening f, gutters and ways
in combination with the collared feed tube J and the mandrol El, having head H¹
and collars, said tube and mandrel being yoked together, for the purpose
specified.
Gth The combination with the cross hend K carrying hollow mandrel kand
the cross-head L, carrying punch l, of the connecting rods k', yoke K' L' and
cnus M. N ns and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof I the said Alexander Melville Clark have hereunto set
my hand and soul this fourteenth day of Ontahan ATY 1005)