A NEW SYSTEM OF BURNER FOR LAMPS, CALLED THE PYRO-PNEUMATIC BURNER
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Castel, Merchant, and Frederic Mauricheau
Beaupré, Doctor, of Marseilles, in the Department of Bouches du Rhône,
Empire of France, and No. 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, 'for
the Invention of "A NEW SYSTEM OF BURNER FOR LAMPS, CALLED THE
PYRO-PNEUMATIC BURNER."
Sealed the 24th July 1855, and dated the 2nd February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Castel and Frederic
Mauricheau Beaupré at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd February 1855.
We, JULES CASTEL, Merchant, and FREDERIC MAURICHEAU BEAUPRÉ, Doctor,
of Marseilles, in the Department of Bouches du Rhône, Empire of France,
and No. 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF BURNER FOR LAMPS, CALLED, THE
PYRO-PNEUMATIC BURNER," to be as follows, viz. :-
This system of burners is mainly distinguished by several novel forms of
the wick tube or burner part, on which the round or rose-like wick of oil lamps
is fixed. We make this part cither tapering outwards near the top, or else it
is made conically, tapering from the bottom towards the top, the main object

page_text: of both these modes of construction being to insulate the wick completely from
the current of air, so as to prevent it from being cliarred, and cause it to be fed
without development of smoke with any kind of vegetable or mineral oil. There
is also near the top of the tube a series of holes, for establishing a proper level
of the oil inside and outside the tube. This pyro-pneumatic burner may
either be used so as to produce a columnar flame, or with a damping disc fitted
to it, so as to spread the flame and increase its intensity. There is also a
metallic cap which may be adapted to the 'burner so as to obtain a suitable
compression of air; this cap may be adjusted higher or lower, according to the
intensity of light it is desired to produce.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jules Castel and Frederic Mauricheau Beaupré in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 1st August 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JULES
CASTEL, Merchant, and FREDERIC MAURICHEAU BEAUPRÉ, Doctor, of Marseilles,
in. the Department of Bouches du Rhône, Empire of France, and of No. 32,
Essex Street, Strand, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the.
said Jules Castel and Frederic Mauricheau-Beaupré, Her special licence that
we, the said Jules Castel and Frederic Mauricheau Beaupré, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Jules Castel and
Frederic Mauricheau Beaupré, our executors, administrators; and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW
SYSTEM OF BURNER FOR LAMPS, CALLED THE PYRO-PNEUMATIC BURNER," " upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jules Castel and Frederic
Mauricheau Beaupré, by an instrument in writing under our hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jules Castel and Frederic Mauri-
cheau Beaupré, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :---
This system of burners is mainly distinguished by several novel forms of the
wick tube or burner part, in which the round or hose-like wick of oil lamps is
fixed or contained. In the present improved system, this part is either made
to taper outwards near the top, or else it is made conical, tapering from the
bottom towards the top, the main object of both these modes of construction
being to insulate or protect the wick completely from the current of air, so as
to prevent it from being charred, and cause it to be fed without producing
smoke with any kind of vegetable or mineral oil. There is also near the top
end of the tube a series of holes, for establishing a proper level of the oil inside
and outside the tube. This pyro-pneumatic burner may be used so as to produce
a columnar flame, or with a damping disc fitted to it, so as to spread the flame
and increase its intensity. There is also a metallic cap which may be adapted
to the burner so as to obtain a suitable compression of air, and this cap may
be set higher or lower, according to the intensity of light it is desired to
produce.
:
Having thus briefly set forth the nature of our Invention, we will now
proceed to describe the manner in which the same may most suitably be
applied and modified so as practically to obtain the best results, and for this
purpose we have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings shewing various forms
of the pyro-pneumatic burner.
..
Fig. 1 represents the pyro-pneumatic burner as adapted to an oil lamp.
Fig. 2 shews another variety of the same burner to be applied to burners now
in use.
The wick tube A is surrounded by a cone B, which directs the current of
air upon the flame, at the same time heating the current, and thus-using all
the oxygen it contains and rendering combustion perfect. The outer edge of
the burner is made tapering outwards at C, and the inner edge is made
tapering inwards, as shewn at E, so as to protect the wick from the current of
air, and also reflect the same on the outer cone B, from which it is sent back
upon the flame. The level of the oil in the wick tube, as fixed by openings D,
is at a suitable distance below the top, 13-16ths of an inch, say, so that the
wick need not be raised much above the tube for burning well, and a bright
columnar flame is thus obtained.
Fig. 3 represents an application of the pyro-pneumatic lamp to be used
both for heating and lighting purposes. This caloriferous lamp consists of a

page_text: spherical or oval capacity or bulb a, that is, flat at the top, and has a chimney e,
upon which a kettle may be put for boiling. In the inside of said capacity
there is a concave plate b, whose edge is slightly bent or curled up all round,
and at the lower end there is a reflecting cone c, for mixing the air and guiding
it, so as forcibly to impinge upon the plate b. This caloriferous lamp is
supported by a suitable stand d, which also contains the oil reservoir, etc.
Fig. 4 shews a lamp constructed upon the same principle as Fig. 3; a
caloriferous part being added, for the purpose of burning grease or other
similar substance. For this purpose, we form round the reflecting cone a, two
cavities or cells b, c, one of these being for the grease, and the other for the oil:
The oil is merely to be used at the beginning for melting the grease, and when
this has been effected the tap f is shut, so as to turn off the oil.
Fig. 5 represents a caloriferous apparatus constructed according to our
improved system for heating, lighting, and cooking food or other articles. In
this arrangement, the heat of the flame is taken up by the concave plate a,
which heats and brings into ebullition the water in the reservoir 6, and the
steam thus generated causes the alimentary or other substances contained in
the kettles c to be boiled or digested for use. The compartments e round the
boiler b may be used as stoves. There is also a suitable opening provided for
feeding the boiler.
Fig. 6 shews the same apparatus as Fig. 3, with the addition of a boiler a,
which is placed inside the bulb, so as to touch the heating plate. The caloric
is conducted by means of two pipes b, d, to the reservoir c, which is for heating
the lower parts.
Fig. 7 represents the same apparatus as Fig. 3, shewing the way in which
the lamp may be suspended from the ceiling by means of a chain and suitable
pendentives v, v.
Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 represent several uses to which the improved lamp
may be applied with advantage..
Fig. 8 shews a distilling apparatus which is worked by the improved lamp,
and may be used for lighting & warming the saloons and cabins of a vessel,
and also for distilling salt water for consumption on board.
.
This apparatus consists of two cylindrical capacities A, B; A containing the
heating part, and B the parts for cooling and filtering; e is the heating part,
from which four tubes d, d, d, d, branch off; these tubes diverge and then unite
again above the level of the water into one chimney c. The distilling apparatus
is enclosed in the wooden casing A, which is lined with wool or other non-
conducting substance; it consists of an outer casing a and an inner casing b,
which surrounds the tubes d; d, so as to bring the small quantity of water thus

page_text: exposed to ebullition soon. The spaces in the inner and between the inner
and outer casing communicate with each other by means of openings o at the
lower part of the same. f is the steam pipe which leads the steam into the still
worm in the refrigerator B where it is condensed; the fresh water thus con-
densed passes into the first filter i, through which it filters downwards, and
may still further be purified by passing upwards through the second filter j, to
be finally drawn off through the tap k. A siphon tube g passes from the
refrigerator into the distilling vessel, so as to establish a continuous circulation
and distillation of the refrigerating liquid. The refrigerator is filled by means
of a tube l, which reaches down to its bottom, so as to give a constant supply
of cool salt water. m is an overflow tap; n, opening for taking out the salt;
r is a stopper hole for feeding water in when the operation is begun with.
Fig. 9 shews an apparatus for lighting and warming railway carriages. The
lamp is here supported under a spherical or other suitable capacity a, from
which a pipe c branches off, that passes round the waggon and returns to said
capacity; there is also a stopper hole at the upper portion of said capacity,
by which the bulb & pipe are filled with water.
Fig. 10 represents another apparatus for lighting and warming any kind of
vehicles. This apparatus differs from the one represented at Fig. 9 by having
the lamp at the end; if the heat thus obtained by either apparatus be not
strong enough, another small additional tube may be applied inside or along-
side the tube b, Fig. 10, or c, Fig. 9, for conducting the hot air. When
the hot air tube is inside the water tube, the cold air is made to enter the
tube at some suitable point 1, and being warmed in the tube leaves it through
two suitable openings 2, 2.
Fig. 11 represents an apparatus for heating baths in a very short time.
This apparatus consists of a globular or other kettle a, containing water which
is heated by one or more of my improved lamps, contained in a suitable water-
tight vessel under the water. The air necessary for combustion is introduced
into this vessel by means of pipes c, c, which rise above the surface of the
water. The water in the kettle a, becoming heated and expanded, escapes into
the bath through the pipe d, and thus warms the same, and the cold water
rises into its place by the plunging pipe e.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which
the same is or may be carried into effect, we wish it to be understood that
what we claim as novel, and therefore being secured to us by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, a pyro-pneumatic lamp burner, which is characterized by a cone B
Fig. 1 and 2, fixed above it, which reflects the air that has been retained and

page_text: heated by the concave shape of the burner-tubing C, E; this lamp also burning
oils and greases without smoke or smell, the level of the oil and the end of the
wick being placed low enough for the reflected air to impinge upon the flame
and not upon the wick.
Second, combining with or applying to said lamp various caloriferous
apparatus for the purposes above set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jules Castel and Frederic Mauricheau
Beaupré, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 31st day of
July, in the year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
FREDERIC MAURICHEAU BEAUPRÉ. (L.B.)