Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Sept., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 21st Feb., 1898-Acoepted, 23rd Sept., 1898
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, GEORGE CROYDON MARKS, Consulting Engineer, of 18, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, London, W.C. (a communication from Albert Gallatin Corre,
Capitalist, of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America), do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My present invention is an improvement upon that form of type writer dis-
closed in Patent No. 23935/96 and while I have adhered in the present machine to
the general principle of operation as disclosed in said patent I have greatly,
simplified the construction and lessened the number of parts.
The series of type bars are arranged converging horizontally towards the print-
ing point and they are reciprocated by the manipulation of the key levers which
are connected by links to pivoted bell crank levers. The connection between the
type bars and the upper ends of the levers is made simply by inserting the hooked
end of the type bars into the openings in the levers, and the type bars are easily
detached. This connection is a direct one no rivets or pins being necessary in
either the lever or the type bar.
I have improved the manner of guiding and supporting the type bars, my object
being to insure perfect freedom and ease of movement of the bars and to secure
absolute accuracy in the alignment of the printing.
The type bars at their rear ends rest upon cross rods. These cross rods extend
between the upwardly extending posts of a cradle frame, which frame is pivoted
to the stationary framework and is adapted upon the depression of certain keys
at each side of the machine to shift the upper series of type bars out of and the
lower series of bars into line with the printing point to change from upper to
lower case printing.
The type bars merely rest loosely upon these cross rods, and these rods taken
with the bell crank levers connected to the type bars at their front ends con-
stitute the sole support of the said type bars.
The rear heads of the type bars lie in a group between the converging sides of
the type guiding frame. In my present construction I depend upon this frame
entirely for the proper guiding of the type to the printing point and for this
purpose the sides of the frame are extended forward far enough to include between
them the rear ends or heads of the type bars so that whenever a type bar is moved
it will be guided by this frame towards the printing point. The shifting tongue
used in my former patent I employ in the present case but in this instance I
The converging sides
mount it loosely upon the cross bars of the cradle frame.
of the guiding frame are sufficiently far apart to permit a loose assembling of the
type bars so that free lateral play will be allowed and all possibility of the type
bars sticking will be avoided. The proper lateral guiding of the type bars is
insured by the converging sides of the guiding frame in connection with the shift-
ing tongue as above indicated and the guiding in a vertical direction is afforded

page_text: by the converging upper and lower walls of the guiding frame. The upper wall
is extended forward in the form of a cover for the guiding frame and this cover
confines the type against vertical displacement or jumping out of place while at
the same time allowing sufficient vertical play to insure perfect freedom of move-
ment of the type bars.
When a key is depressed the type bar slides freely and loosely over the cross
bar and it can have both lateral and vertical play within certain bounds until
the head of the type bar strikes the converging walls of the guiding frame and the
side of the shifting tongue wlien the bar will be directed accurately to the printing
point.
The converging guiding sides are flared at their forward ends to provide addi-
tional room laterally for the type bars. The cover is pivoted to the guiding frame
the pivots passing through ears struck out from the converging guiding walls and
through ears on the cover. The cover is held down in place by its spring arms
which have indents to engage depressions in the outer sides of the guiding frame.
The shifting tongue has elongated openings to receive the cross rods while an
upper circular opening in the tongue engages the upper rod this construction
affording sufficient looseness for the free working of the shifting tongue.
The guiding frame has a pivotal action independent of the cradle frame. Its
converging sides are extended forward outside of the posts of the cradle frame
and are pivoted on the extended ends of one of the cross rods, springs serving
to hold the frame normally up opposite the printing point by drawing down upon
the hooked forward extensions of the frame. The lower ends of the springs are
attached to the cradle frame. By pressing down upon the rear end of this type
bar guiding frame, the printing point and the last letter printed may be fully
exposed and then by removing the pressure the guiding frame will rise auto-
matically to normal position.
.
The movement of the guiding frame is stopped by a projection thereon engaging
an adjustable washer or disc.
The top plate of the guiding frame carries the guides for directing the ribbon
from the spools in front of the printing point.
frame thus serves to lower the ribbon from the printing point and no separate
The depression of the guiding
carrier is needed for the ribbon the pivoted guiding frame answering all the
requirements as a ribbon guide and displaceable support.
The movement of the cradle frame is limited by discs adjustably carried by a
screw stud depending from the arms of the cradle frame, said stud passing through
an opening in the comb plate so that the discs can strike upon the upper and
lower faces of the said plate.
The finger pieces or keys are secured to the upturned ends of the key levers by
the sheet metal shanks of the keys being bent around the reduced ends of the
key lever.
The carriage of the platen is of special construction. It comprises one piece of
sheet metal struck up to provide the end frames or brackets and the horizontal con-
necting bars leaving an open centre. One edge of the forward bar is turned up
for strengthening the frame. The frame also has a number of ears struck up
thereon for supporting the parts hereinafter referred to.
The platen has a plurality of flat faces and it is supported by the upturned end
frames. One frame having a notch to permit the removal of the platen journal,
said journal being engaged by a retaining fork which is screwed in place, the same
screw passing through the paper shelf and into an ear struck up on the carriage
frame. The other end of the shelf is screwed to a similar ear on the other end
frame of the carriage.
The platen carriage is guided by the front edge of its front bar fitting under a
plate on the carriage bed.
The rear bar of the carriage has the escapement rack bar riveted thereto.
I provide two sets of spring pressure rollers to act in conjunction with the platen,
one set being carried by arms on a cross rod of the carriage frame said

page_text: being under tension of springs. The other set of rollers is carried by small spring
frames supported by the paper shelf pivotally. The paper scale is carried adjust-
ably on arms pivoted on the cross rod and said scale is spring pressed.
The paper clips are supported slidably by engaging the rear bar of the paper. shelf
and also by engaging the cross rod of the platen carriage for which purpose the
clips, which are made of sheet metal, are struck up with ears to engage the cross
rod.
The line space mechanism is substantially the same as that disclosed in my
former patent with the few exceptions hereinafter noted.
The ratchet wheel is adapted to be engaged by a pawl pivoted to a space frame
which is journalled on the cross rod of the platen carriage, a spring being used
to hold the pawl to its work. The frame is operated from the line space key
through intermediate mechanism which includes a lever arm and the rock shaft
which has lever arms projecting rearwardly therefrom so as to project under the
front bar of the space frame. The rock shaft has its journal pins dropped into
open sockets formed on the ribbon spool supports.
The line space regulator is struck up and bent into shape from a single piece
of sheet metal. It is journalled on the shaft of the platen, and has a guard to
shield a portion of the ratchet teeth from the stroke of the pawl so that only a
part of the pawl's movement will be effective in turning the platen but when the
regulator is pressed forwardly the guard will be thrown below the pawl tooth and
said-pawl will be active on the ratchet teeth throughout its whole movement.
The lower end of the regulator is forked to provide stops by striking against the
cross rod and a spring portion of the regulator places the same under sufficient
tension to remain in either position.
The space frame has the rearwardly extending arm as in my former construction
which is engaged by a bell crank lever to operate it automatically, when the
carriage is returned forcibly to the right by a rod striking a stop which is adjust-
able on a rack bar on the fixed frame.
In stamping out the platen carriage an ear is formed for the automatic space,
lever. The detent for the platen consists of a spring pressed lever carrying a
roller to bear on the ratchet teeth. The escapement mechanism is substantially
like that disclosed in my former patent consisting of two pawls and a wiper with
its inclined edge bearing on pins of the pawls.
The wiper in the present instance is pivoted to an ear cast on the supporting
bed of the carriage and it is connected with the arm of a rock shaft by spring
link instead of being operated by direct contact with the said arm. The rock
shaft is operated through the lever arm thereon from the space bar extending
under the key levers.
The tension on the keys is varied by a spring connected to the wiper arm, the
other end of the spring being carried by a clip adjustable in a slot in the back
plate of the machine, the lower edge of the slot being toothed and the clip.
having a tooth to engage the same.
The clip is provided with studs fitting on the inner and outer sides of the back
plate to guide it in its movement.
As in my former patent a special key designated as the carriage release is pro-
vided having a greater dip than the other keys so that upon its depression the
wiper will be moved to such a position that both pawls will be released from
engagement with the rack bar and the carriage will be free to run towards the
left until the pawls are allowed to drop into engagement again with the rack bar
or until the end of the run is reached. I provide as in my former case a yield-
ing support for the pawls so that when the freely moving carriage is arrested the
shock will be taken up by said support. This is an arm pivoted to an ear or boss
cast on the under side of the bed frame of the carriage; a spring holds it normally
in position against a stop on the cross bar of the bed frame.
This arm also has a horizontal extension in the path of stops carried on the
cross rod of the platen carriage between the ears of the paper clips so that the paper

page_text: clips will be prevented from crossing the printing point by the stops striking
this extension. The stops also act as the means for arresting the movement of
the carriage to the left by striking the extension.
In order to lock the key levers when the end of the line is reached to prevent
further printing I provide an arm on the space rock shaft extending rearwardly
into proximity to the hooked end of a lever which is pivoted to the comb bar. This
lever has a weighted end which holds its hooked end out of line with the arm
but when the carriage reaches a certain point the finger on the carriage engages
the spring extension of the locking lever and moves the hook over the arm so that
this arm cannot rise and consequently the key levers cannot be operated.
The finger is pivoted to an ear which is struck out of the paper clip. When
therefore the paper clip reaches the printing point the keys will be locked to
prevent further printing."
The finger also operates the bell hammer. The spring drum is connected with
the carriage by a band which has a loop at its end to engage a hook' struck up
from the carriage frame.
The "carriage return" mechanism is substantially the same as that formerly
used by me consisting essentially of arms having finger pieces and connected with
a rock shaft which has a depending arm connected by a link with the bell crank
pivoted under the machine frame, the long arm of said bell crank extending to
the rear and being connected through a link with an arm connected with the rack
bar of the carriage.
The means for winding up the spring drum consists of a disc having a roughened
periphery to be grasped by the thumb and fingers and a ratchet and pawl. The
disc fits closely to the back plate and the carriage return arm can move across
the rear face thereof.
Dated 1. 99...1 Contamhom 1907
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents..
I, GEORGE CROYDON MARKS, Consulting Engineer, of 18, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, London, W.C.. (a communication from Albert Gallatin Corre,
Capitalist, of Cincinnatti, Ohio, United States of America), do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My present invention is an improvement upon that form of type writer dis-
closed in Patent 23935/96 and while I have adhered in the present machine to the
general principle of operation as disclosed in said patent I have greatly simplified
the construction and lessened the number of parts.
In the drawings,
Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine.
Figure 2 is a central vertical section.
Figure 3 is a side view of the machine with the casing removed.
Figure 4 is a rear view of the machine.
Figure 5 is a plan view of the platen carriage bed showing also the escapement
and attached parts.
Figure 6 is a detail view of the platen carriage stripped of some of its attach-
ments illustrating the connections to the wiper lever and the escapement.

page_text: Figure 7 is a detail plan view of the type bar guide frame.
Figure 7 is a detail sectional view of the shifting tongue.
Figures 8 and 9 are detail views relating to the platen and adjacent parts.
Figure 10 is a view of a detail.
Figures 11 and 12 are detail views of the spring support for the pressure roller.
Figures 13 and 14 are details relating to the platen carriage.
Figure 15 is a detail view of the line space mechanism.
Figures 16, 17 and 18 are views of details.
Figure 19 is a detail view of one of the pivot posts.
Figure 20 shows the connection between the carriage and the band of the spring
drum.
Figures 21 and 22 shows the construction of the ribbon spools.
Figure 23 is a detail view of a clip for holding the glass key top to the key
levers.
Figure 24 is a similar view of a slightly different form of this clip.
The series of type bars a are arranged converging towards the printing point
and they are reciprocated by the manipulation of the keys 3, the levers 1 of which
are connected by links 12, 13, to the bell crank levers 8 and 9 pivoted to posts 10
and 11 (Fig. 2). The connection between the type bars and the upper ends of
these levers is made simply by inserting the hooked ends of the type bars into the
openings in the levers, and the type bars are easily detached. This connection is
a direct one no rivets or pins being necessary in either the lever or the type bar.
I have improved the manner of supporting and guiding the type bars my object
being to insure perfect freedom and ease of movement of the bars and to secure
absolute accuracy in the alignment of the printing.
The type bars at their rear ends rest loosely upon cross rods, the one marked a¹
supporting the upper series of lower case bars while the bar a supports the lower
series of bars. These cross rods extend between the upwardly extending posts 31
of the cradle frame 28, which frame is pivoted at 45 to the stationary frame work
and is adapted upon the depression of the keys 36 at each side of the bank keys to
shift the upper series of type bars out of and the lower series of bars into line with
the printing point to change from upper to lower case printing.
The type bars merely rest loosely upon these cross rods a¹ and a² and these rods
taken with the bell crank levers connected to the type bars at their front ends con-
stitute the sole support of the said type bars.
The rear heads of the type bars lie in a group between the converging sides 53
of the type guiding frame which is carried directly by the cradle frame instead of
independently as before.
In my present construction I depend upon this frame entirely for, the proper
guiding of the type to the printing point and for this purpose the sides 53 of the
frame are extended forward far enough to include between them the rear ends or
heads of the type bars so that whenever a type bar is moved it will be guided by
this frame towards the printing point. The shifting tongue 55 used in my former
case I employ in the present case but in this instance I mount it loosely upon the
cross bars aa² of the cradle frame. The converging sides 53, 53 are sufficiently
far apart to permit a loose assembling of the type bars so that free lateral play
will be allowed and all possibility of the type bars sticking will be avoided. The
proper lateral guiding of the type bars is insured by the converging sides 53, 53,
of the guiding frame in connection with the shifting tongue as above indicated
and the guiding in a vertical direction is afforded by the converging upper and
lower walls 53, 53, of the guiding frame.
The upper wall 531 is extended forwardly in the form of a cover 53 for the
guiding frame and this cover confines the type against vertical displacement or
jumping out of place while at the same time allowing sufficient vertical play to
insure perfect freedom of movement of the type bars.
When a key is depressed the type bar slides freely and loosely over the cross
bar a or a and it can have both lateral and. vertical play within certain bounds

page_text: until the head of the type bar strikes the converging walls of the guiding frame
and the side of the shifting tongue when the bar will be directed accurately into
its place. The converging guiding sides 53 are flared at 53* to provide additional
room laterally for the type bars. The cover 53 is pivoted to the guiding frame
the pivots passing through ears 53" struck out from the converging guiding walls,
Figures 1 and 7 and through ears on the cover. The cover is held down in place
by its spring arms 53b which have indents to engage depressions in the outer
sides of the guiding frame. By this cover access may be had to the type bars for
cleaning.
The shifting tongue has elongated openings to receive the cross rods a² a while
an upper circular opening in the tongue engages the upper rod, this construc-
tion affording sufficient looseness for the free working of the shifting tongue.
The guiding frame has a pivotal action independent of the cradle frame. Its
converging sides 53 are extended forward outside of the posts 31 and are pivoted
on the extended ends of the cross rod a¹, springs b serving to hold the frame
normally up opposite the printing point by drawing down upon the hooked for-
ward extensions 61 of the frame. The lower ends of the springs are attached to the
cradle frame Figures 2 and 3. By pressing down upon the rear end of this type
bar guiding frame, the printing point and the last letter printed may be fully
exposed and then by removing the pressure the guiding frame will rise automati-
cally to normal position.
The movement of the guiding frame is stopped by a projection C thereon engag-
ing an adjustable washer or disc d, Figure 3. A lug 164 Fig. 18, on the opposite
side of the frame from that shown in Figure 3 limits the downward movement of
the type bar guiding frame.
The top plate of the guiding frame carries the guides d', e, for directing the
ribbon from the spools 77 in front of the printing point.
The depression of the guiding frame thus serves to lower the ribbon from the
printing point and no separate carrier is needed for the ribbon the pivoted guide
frame answering all the requirements as a ribbon guide and displaceable support.
The pivot posts 10, 11 of the bell crank levers are carried by the cross bar 15
of the cradle frame, and the arms 35 connect this cross bar with the keys 36. The
keys 36 are placed under variable tension through the springs 25, the links 26
and the screws 27, Figure 2 at the front of the machine.
The movement of the cradle frame is limited by discs 50 adjustably carried by
screw studs depending from the arms 35 of the cradle frame said studs passing
through openings in the comb plate 48 so that the discs can strike upon the upper
and lower faces of the said plate.
A locking lever 38, Figure 2, is used to hold the cradle frame in position for
printing with upper case type.
The finger pieces or keys are secured to the upturned ends of the key levers by
the sheet metal shanks f of the keys Figure 17 being bent around the reduced ends
of the key lever.
The carriage of the platen is of special construction. As shown in Figure 14 it
comprises one piece of sheet metal struck up to provide the end frames or
brackets 85 and the horizontal connecting bars 86 leaving an-open center g. One
edge of the forward bar 86 is turned up for strengthening the frame as shown at h.
The frame also has a number of ears struck up thereon for supporting the parts
hereinafter referred to. The platen K as shown in Figures 6 and 8, has a plurality
of flat faces and it is supported by the upturned end frames 85.
One frame having a notch i to permit the removal of the platen journal, said
journal as in Figure 13, being engaged by a spring retaining fork which is
screwed in place as shown in Figures 1 and 13 the same screw passing through
the paper shelf 96 and into an ear struck up on the carriage frame. The boss
is bevelled to permit the platen to be removed, Figure 1.
The other end of the shelf is screwed to a similar car on the other end franie
of the carriage. The platen carriage runs on a roller frame 151 as in my former

page_text: construction and it is guided by the front edge of its front bar 86 fitting under
a plate m on the carriage bed. The rear bar 86 of the carriage has the escapement
rack bar riveted thereto.
on a
I provide two sets of pressure rollers in the present construction, one set 92,
Figures 2, 4 and 8 being carried by a shaft n supported by arms o pivoted
cross rod of the carriage frame, said arms being under tension of the springs p¹
connected with links which are adjustable by the screws 23 carried by the rear
bar of the paper shelf.
The other set of rollers 921 Figures 2, 4 and 11 are carried by small frames g
pivoted on a shaft g² held in ears q' struck out of the paper shelf, springs q being
arranged to press the frames so that the rollers will be forced against the platen.
The paper scale 94 is carried adjustably on arms 941 pivoted on the cross rod of
the platen carriage and the scale is pressed against the platen by the spring 95
held by loops 951 pressed out of the paper shelf, Figures 2, 4 and 9. The paper
scale may be adjusted by the slot and screw connection as indicated in Figure 9.
The paper clips 91 are supported slidably by engaging the rear bar of the
paper shelf and also by engaging the cross rod of the platen carriage for which
purpose the clips which are made of sheet metal are struck up with ears 9211 to
engage the cross rod.
The line space mechanism is substantially the same as that disclosed in my
former patent with the few exceptions hereinafter noted.
The ratchet wheel is adapted to be engaged by the pawl 100 pivoted to the
frame 105 which is journaled on the cross rod of the platen carriage, a spring 107
being used to hold the pawl to its work. The frame 105 is operated from the
line space key through the key lever 144, the line 144*, the lever arm 145 and
the rock shaft 146 which has lever arms 146 projecting rearwardly therefrom
so as to project under the front bar of the frame 105 so that when the key is
depressed the frame is operated to lift the pawl and turn the platen.
The shaft 146 is simply arranged by having its journal pins, Figures 1 and 10
dropped into open sockets formed on the posts 71 which support the ribbon
spool shafts.
The shaft is held from displacement by clips s reaching therecver.
The line space regulator 117 (Figs. 1, 2, 3 & 15) is struck up and bent into shape
from a single piece of sheet metal. It is journaled on the shaft of the platen, and
has a guard 117 arranged when the regulator is adjusted rearwardly, to shield.
a portion of the ratchet teeth from the stroke of the pawl 100 so that only a part
of the pawls movement will be effective in turning the platen but when the
finger piece 1171 of the regulator is pressed forwardly the guard 117* will be
thrown below the pawl tooth and said pawl will be active on the teeth throughout
its whole movement.
The lower end of the regulator is forked to provide stops 102 which by striking
against the cross rod and a spring portion 102 of the regulator places the same
under sufficient tension so that the same will remain in either of its adjusted
positions.
The space frame 105 has the rearwardly extending arm 108 as in my former
construction which is engaged by the hell crank lever 109 to operate it automa-
tically when the carriage is returned forcibly to the right. This is done by the
rod 110 Figure 4 striking the stop 111 which is adjustable on the rack bar 112.
An adjustable stop 110 on the rod is locked by a nut 110". This is convenient
for assembling.
In stamping out the platen carriage an ear 109 is formed for the lever 109 as
in Figure 14. A stop 1091 is also formed on the platen carriage for the lever 109.
The detent for the platen consists of a spring pressed lever carrying a
roller to bear on the ratchet teeth. This lever is carried by a stud 163 held
by the nut 1631 in the slot 851, Figure 14, so that the arm which carries the
roller can be moved backward or forward in order that the flat surfaces of the
roller may be brought parallel with the type face.

page_text: The escapement mechanism is substantially like that disclosed in my former
patent consisting of the two pawls, 131, 132, and the wiper 135 with its inclined
edge bearing on the pins 133, 134, of the pawls.
The wiper in the present instance is pivoted to an ear cast on the supporting
bed of the carriage and it is connected with the arm. 141 of the rock shaft 142 by
a link 143 instead of being operated by direct contact with the said arm.
The rock shaft is operated through the lever 142 thereon from the bar 142ª
extending under the key levers.
The tension on the keys is varied by a spring 135* connected to the wiper arm 138
the other end of the spring being carried by a sliding pawl 147 adjustable
in a slot in the back plate 126 of the machine, the lower edge of the slot being
toothed and the sliding pawl having a tooth 126 to engage the same.
The sliding pawl is provided with studs 126 fitting on the inner and outer sides
of the back plate to guide it in its movement and by raising the finger piece 127
the sliding pawl is lifted out of engagement with the teeth and may be moved in
either direction to increase or decrease the tension on the keys.
As in my former patent a special key designated as the " carriage release'
is provided, having a greater dip than the other keys so that upon its depression
the wiper will be moved to such a position that both pawls will be released from
engagement with the rack bar and the carriage will be free to run towards the
left until the pawls are allowed to drop into engagement again with the rack bar
or until the end of the run is reached. I provide as in my former case a yielding
support for the pawls so that when the freely running carriage is arrested the
shock will be taken up by said support. This is an arm 131 (Fig. 6) pivoted
at 131 to an ear or boss cast on the under side of the bed frame of the carriage,
a spring 131 holds it normally in position against a stop 160 on the fixed cross
bar 161 of the bed frame.
This arm also has a horizontal extension 131 in the path of stops u carried
on the cross rod of the platen carriage between the ears of the paper clips so that
the paper clips will be prevented from crossing the printing point by the stops
striking this extension. The stops also act as the means for arresting the move-
ment of the carriage to the left by striking the extension.
In order to lock the key levers when the end of the line is reached to prevent
further printing I provide an arm 1611 on the rock shaft 142 extending rear-
wardly into proximity to the hooked end of a lever U which is pivoted to the
comb bar 4. This lever has a weighted end which holds its hooked end out of line
with the arm 1611 but when the carriage reaches a certain point the finger w,
on the carriage, engages the spring extension X of the locking lever and moves
the hook over the arm 1611 so that this arm cannot rise and consequently the key
levers cannot be operated.
It often happens that in operating the machine the arm 1611 is raised at the
time when the finger w comes in contact with the top of the spring. If this
spring was not made sufficiently elastic for the barrel spring contained in 128
to overcome its flexibility the rack would be prevented from advancing and the
letters would keep on piling up by reason of the arm 161 rubbing against
the end of the catch U. Owing to the greater strength of the spring contained
in 128, the weaker spring X is caused to deflect and upon the arm 1611 being
released the tension of the spring X causes the catch U to snap over the arm 1611
and prevents its rising, and consequently stopping the keys from being depressed.
The finger w is pivoted to an ear y which is struck out of the paper clip.
When therefore this paper clip reaches the printing point the keys will be locked
to prevent further printing.
The finger we also operates the bell hammer w Figure 4 which is pivoted at w
to the bracket w³.
The spring drum 128 is connected with the carriage by a band 128 which has
a loop at its end to engage a hook 128 struck up from the carriage frame.
This loon 128h is secured on the end of the band by a shoot motal ali 100b

page_text: Figure 20 which is of T form the part a¹ being bent over the meeting ends of
the loop while the side portions b₁ are bent over the main part. The band is held
in the contracted space formed by the converging upper and lower walls of the
clip by simply doubling the end of said band to form an enlarged or wedge shaped
end c¹.
The tape or band is guided to the spring drum through a bracket or guide 128°
Fig. 5, which is formed of sheet metal with a guide opening at one end the other
end or foot being secured to the cross bar on the carriage bed.
The "
"
carriage return mechanism is substantially the same as that formerly
used by me consisting essentially of the arms 121 having finger pieces and
connected with a rock shaft 121 which has a depending arm 120 connected by
a link with the bell crank 119 pivoted under the machine frame, the long arm of
said bell crank extending to the rear and being connected through a link 122
with an arm 115 connected with the rack bar of the carriage.
The means for winding up the spring arm consists of a disc 124 having a
roughened periphery to be grasped by the thumb and fingers and a ratchet 125
and pawl 127. The disc fits closely to the back plate and the arm 115 can move
across the rear face thereof.
The type pass through the wire shield 30 when they leave the guiding frame
and this shield keeps the ribbon off of the platen.
The pivot posts 10, 11, of the bell crank levers are as shown in Figure 19
knurled at their lower ends thus providing a series of longitudinal corrugations
and these posts are simply forced into the cross bar 15 of the cradle frame. This
same method of attachment is employed between the lower end of the spool
shaft 71, Figure 3, and the miter gear 1411 and it is found that this connection
is strong and obviates entirely the necessity of using pins or other fastening
means. As shown in Figure 2 the springs c which act upon the type levers are
held by an inverted U shaped bar 142. Within this bar another bar 142° is
placed with its open side uppermost and the right angular extensions of the
springs project through these bars. This construction gives an extended bearing
to the springs so that they will be prevented from tilting or turning under
pressure.
The key levers at their rear ends are notched and they engage the comb bar 4,
a stop rod X¹ extending under the said rear ends to insure the proper position of
the levers.
-
The ribbon spools are of special construction as shown in Figures 21 and 22
they comprise sheet metal heads which are struck up with flanges e and flat
portion's the latter forming rests or bearings for the sheet metal back plates gl
which are dished or bent at their edges and the flanges el are turned over into
engagement therewith.
In the cavity ¹ of the heads a spring ring is placed through which extends
the end of the sheet metal sleeve which connects the heads, said sheet metal
sleeve fitting with its main part within an opening in the metal backing portion
and having a shouldered bearing against the spring ring which determines
the relative location of the parts. The sleeve has its reduced ends extending
through openings in the sheet metal heads and these projecting ends firmly engage
said heads thus securely binding the parts together. The ring serves to space the
discs of the spool the proper distance apart and to afford a shoulder for rivetting
over the end of the tube or sleeve.
The sleeve itself is formed of sheet metal pressed into cylindrical form, and this
provides a split cylinder which will hold to the spool shaft or spindle by its
friction and this frictional hold on the spindle is increased by the spring portion 71
struck up out of the sleeve.
The position of the ribbon spools on the spindles is determined by spring ring
stops m fitting in grooves in the spindles. This forms a simple stop and may
be used at other points on the machine.
The shifting tongue is formed of two thicknesses of metal which are brought

page_text: I
together so that the two lips of these thicknesses are brought into contact.
prefer to make these two metal parts of different thicknesses so that the sound
wave lengths will be different and the vibrations of one will neutralize the vibra-
tion of the other. This has the effect of deadening the sound. As shown in
Figure 7 I may make the two thicknesses of metal forming the tongue by fold-
ing the metal back upon itself.
This same principle is carried out in connection with the converging walls and
cover of the type guiding frame. That is the guide frame is lined with a thin
sheet of metal 551 as shown in Figure 7 and this has the effect of deadening the
sound.
As shown in Figures 23 & 24 the clip f previously mentioned which holds the
key tops to the key levers is provided with two spurs or projections f¹ which are
embedded in the glass key top, the said glass being cast into connection with the
said spurs. The clip has also a turned over lip f which prevents the glass from
running down into the slot of the clip.
The lower split portion of the clip embraces the upturned end of the key lever
and thus holds the key tops securely thereto.
As shown in Figure 23 I prefer to slot the shank or body part of
the clip which is punched out cross wise of the clip at f This is
done so as to prevent breaking of the glass by allowing the metal piece to
spring in case of variation of the key tops."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1-The type writing machine herein described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
2-As a means for guiding a loosely supported group of type bars having free
play, a guiding frame composed of top, bottom and side walls all converging
towards the printing point together with a shifting tongue arranged in the group
of type bars and dividing up the guiding space as shown and described herein.
3 A type writer comprising the sliding type bars, a pivoted cradle frame
carrying said bars loosely to have free play and the type bar guiding frame carried
by the cradle frame and movable therewith.
4-In combination with the type bar guiding frame carried by a rocking cradle
frame and receiving the type bars loosely to allow them free play, the shifting
tongue carried by the cradle frame and extending into the guiding frame which
frame has upper, lower and side walls as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
5 In connection with the cradle frame carrying the type bars loosely to have
free play, the type bar guiding frame carried by and pivoted to the cradle frame
and the ribbon guides carried by the said pivoted type guiding frame as described
herein and shown in the accompanying drawings.
6-A type writer carriage struck up of one piece with upturned end frames,
with front and rear bars leaving an open space and with ears to support the
various parts as described and shown.
In connection with the platen, the two sets of presser rollers one set being
carried on spring pressed arms pivoted on a cross rod of the platen carriage while
the rollers of the other set are journalled in spring pressed carriers which are
journalled in ears struck out from the paper shelf.
8-As a means for regulating the amount of movement of the line space
mechanism, the regulator arm 117 pivoted on the shaft of the platen and having
a guard 117 for the pawl 100, a fork 102 acting as a stop against a cross rod of
the platen and a spring portion 102 to control the stop.
9 As a means for adjusting the key tension, the spring 135* connected to the
arm of the wiper and to a clip 147 having guiding studs to fit on the opposite
sides of the back plate which is slotted to receive the clip, said clip having a finger

page_text: piece and a tooth to engage teeth on the slotted edge of the back plate as
described and shown.
10 In connection with the pawls 131, 132 of the carriage escapement and with
the wiper, the yielding support for the pawls and the stop 131° for the carriage
on the said yielding support as described and shown.
11 The locking means for the key mechanism comprising the lever U having
a spring extension X adapted to be struck by a projection on the paper carriage
to force the lever into engagement with an arm 161 on the rock shaft 142 which
is connected with the keys.
Dated this 21st day of February 1898
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham; Agents.