Improvements in the Manufacture of Horseshoe and other Nails, Rivets, Bolts, and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Aug. 1891-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Horseshoe and other Nails,
Rivets, Bolts, and the like.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ CHAVANE FRÈRES (Joseph Marie
Edmond Chavane and Paul Francois Xavier Chavane), of 5, Rue Guilhem;
Paris, France, Manufacturers.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:--
This invention has for object the formation of the heads of horseshoe nails and
analogous articles by means of improved machines that operate by upsetting and
it is applicable to all machines of this kind.
One of the improvements consists in upsetting the iron intended to produce the
head in two pressing operations. This portion or piece of iron, which is too long
to be upset by one operation without bending, is held by dies or matrices in front
of other matrices which are designed to form the neck of the horseshoe nail.
These matrices together form a square hole whose sides are equal to those of the
piece of iron.
Into this hole there enters a punch, of the same dimensions, which
compels the iron to become shorter by swelling it into the space or hollow designed
to form the neck; after this pressing operation the punch retires and moves to one
side to allow of the advance of another punch which completes the upsetting
operation. This latter punch has a recess or hollow of the shape of the desired
top of the head.
If it is desired to produce nails with heads of other shape, such as square or
round, it is only necessary to alter the form of the matrices and punches
accordingly.
A machine according to this invention, comprises a cam consisting of two rollers.
At each movement of one roller a lever jointed at its lower part is pushed by this
roller. The return of the lever after being pushed is ensured by means of a spring
jointed to the head of the lever by a connecting rod which causes it to constantly
bear against the cam. This lever pushes a kind of piston which slides in a guide
and is connected to the lever by a strap and follows the lever in its oscillations.
The piston pushes, and draws back, slide blocks that at their ends carry two
punches. At the first push a slide block carrying a small punch, is situated on the
extension of the piston; this small piston exerts its pressing action and retires,
following the cam; at this moment a box containing the slide blocks moves out of
its position to bring the second punch on to the extension of the piston. Mean-
while, the matrices have retired so as to leave the way free for the punch.
After this second pressing operation, the box returns in order to replace the small
punch in front of, or opposite to, the piston to commence another nail.
In order to obtain the return of each slide block after its pressing operation, the
piston carries a stud, the slide blocks have each a chamber in which the end of the
piston enters or engages and above this chamber each slide block forms a kind of
hook hooking on to the stud.
When the displacement takes place, the two slide blocks are at rest, and present.
their hooks to the stud, so that there is always one which is hooked on, the other
being free. When the piston pushes a slide block, the latter is hooked onto the
stud for the return movement, and after this return movement, and the dis-
placement has taken place, the stud leaves the slide block that it has just
moved back, and after the displacement it is situated in the hook of the other slide
block.

page_text: In order to effect the displacement of the punches, there is provided a com-
bination of levers actuated by a hollow eccentric. The box is enclosed in its
supports, which serve as guides, being in the grooves forined underneath the box.
This box has an arm carrying a stud which receives the motion of the levers.
This motion is imparted by the eccentric or lever jointed to the cap or casing by
its roller, and causes the stud to oscillate. The stud is fixed to a lever acting upon
another lever and imparts its oscillations to it; this lever is keyed on a shaft
carried in poppet heads. This shaft at its opposite end carries another lever, that
acts upon a stud, and by this means causes the box to slide in its bearings. The
two studs are retained by nuts and are situated in grooves formed in the levers so
as to obtain a perfect regulation of the travel of the box. The length of the
punches being variable according to the pressure desired, there is provided in the
slide blocks, at the hidden end of the punches, a sort of wedge with a countersunk
head; this wedge has a screw-threaded tail-piece, and it can be caused to move
up or down by means of a nut, whereby the punches can be made longer or shorter
as desired.
Another part of the invention has for object to upset a piece of metal which is
very long in relation to its section, without bending the same, and by this means to
make heads as large as may be desired. This method consists in upsetting the
metal by degrees, and keeping it straight in relation to its axis by means of dies.
Two similar matrices, one opposite to or against the other, form a hollow or space
between them which corresponds to the shank and neck of the nail. The portion
forming the shank, is placed in the groove of the matrice, and the end or portion
designed to form the head, projects out for the length to be upset. This being the
case, if a die be brought into operation, having a hole corresponding to the section
of the metal to be upset, and having a depth equal to the length that projects, less
the desired amount of shortening, and if said die be caused to push until it meets
the matrix, the metal will swell in the matrix uniformly about its axis without
being able to bend in the portion held by the die.
After this, if a second die, having a hole of less depth than the first, be brought
into operation so as to compress again, the metal will become still shorter by
swelling in the matrix. The same takes place with the other dies. Similar
operations take place to form the heads of other nails.
If it be required to make rivets, bolt heads, heads of screws, and the like, the
matrices and the dies will be suitably formed for the purpose, the operations being
effected in the same way.
In one machine according to the invention, there are five dies. In order to
utilize to advantage the successive upsetting operations, the matrices are arranged
at the circumference of a horizontal plate capable of step by step rotation about
its axis. Above this plate there is a kind of plunger operated by a circular
eccentric and containing the five dies. During the stoppage of the plate, the
plunger descends and the dies effect the upsetting. If the dies are guided in such
a manner as to cause their axes to correspond to the axes of the matrices and of the
metal to be upset, it will be impossible to make the heads crooked. To this end,
the matrices are arranged in holders arranged in pairs in such a manner as to apply
the matrices one against the other as already mentioned, and they form a cylindrical
part which fits in a cavity formed in the die holders. The dies thus placed in the
axis of the matrices, cannot deviate during the upsetting operation since the
operation is effected whilst the matrices are engaged in the cavity. The nail
blanks move vertically down to the matrices, the shank enters the matrices, and is
detached from the others by a knife carried by the slide block. The blank held in
the matrices is drawn by the latter according to the movement of the plate, it stops
and waits for another advance, during which time the blanks arrive and fill the
following matrices, and so on.
A second advance brings the first blank to a determined point where it is
subjected to the first upsetting operation, another advance brings it to a second
point to undergo the second upsetting operation, and so on at each advance.

page_text: When the head is finished another advance takes place bringing the nail to a
point where the plunger carries two wedges which in descending between the
matrix holders, separates them; the nail ought then to fall of its own accord
between the matrices and pass into an opening below. If the nail adheres to the
matrices when the plate advances, the nail meets a piece which prevents its passage
and compels it to fall.
After this, the matrix holder which was moved apart, moves together again by
its friction against the wall of the chamber in which the plate is situated, this
chamber being formed with a widened part to permit of this operation. While the
machine is working, there are always five blanks which receive the pressure of the
dies, so that a finished nail falls at each advance of the plate. The machine is
driven by means of two pulleys (one loose and one fast) mounted on a shaft
carrying a flywheel and a pinion. This pinion drives two gear wheels of the same
diameter the upper one being carried by the shaft and imparting its motion to it.
The shaft carries the circular eccentric that actuates a plunger to which vertical
movement is imparted by a piece sliding about the central shaft of the plate, for its
friction against the framing, a collar or sleeve at its upper end slides about a fixed
rod. The eccentric carries two rollers of the same diameter on the same shaft as
the pressing part, in order to diminish friction and to keep the eccentric of the
diameter necessary for the travel of the plunger.
At the part of the plunger where the die holders. are situated, there are screws
which serve, some for fixing the dies in their positions, and others for fixing the
pressure screws that regulate the dies.
The upper shaft carries, at its end opposite to the gear wheel, a hollow eccentric
which by means of the roller imparts a to and fro movement to the carriage
carrying the tongs that by a combination of levers move the blanks forward. The.
lever carrying the roller receives movement from the eccentric and transmits it to
the other lever. The first lever is split to enable the exact position of the second
lever to be regulated, this position being variable according to the length of the
blanks. The second lever has a groove at its end in which at the desired point a
bolt is fixed for communicating the oscillation and the necessary travel to another
lever. This last lever has a groove corresponding to that of the second lever in
which the stud slides. As the blanks are of different lengths, the carriage must
perform a greater or less travel. To vary the travel, the stud is fixed more or less
to the left or to the right. The last lever passing behind the second lever has a
return in the hollow of the framing to give movement to the carriage. This
carriage is jointed to the last lever by a connecting rod jointed to tongs, causing
them to open or close by the gearing of the teeth. When the connecting rod rises,
it causes the tongs to open, the extent of opening being limited by the contact of
the tooth; as the movement of the connecting rod continues, the carriage is drawn
along, and slides in its guides. When the connecting rod descends, it causes the
tongs to close, and seize and draw along the blank.
The lower shaft carries a kind of endless screw for causing the plate to advance
by the wheel on its shaft. This part differs from a screw by the fact that its
thread, instead of being distributed uniformly over the whole circumference for
giving to the wheel a continuous circular motion, has its inclination on a part of the
circumference and the other portion of the thread turns in a plane so as to render
the wheel stationary, whereby an intermittent circular movement is given to the
wheel which it transmits to the plate.
In order that the teeth of the wheel shall gear well with this thread, they have
the shape of a lozenge the inclination of the faces of which is determined by that of
the thread.
The central shaft of the plate rests by its pivot in the step-bearing, passes through
the framing, and its upper portion is held in a bearing.
For
During the upsetting operation it is advantageous that the matrices should fit
accurately one against the other so as to avoid the formation of fins or burrs.
this purpose, five levers, by means of pressure screws, strongly compress the five

page_text: parts of the matrices under the dies; after this operation the five levers loosen the
matrices so as to leave them free during the advance of the plate. In order to
give these five levers, oscillations about the studs, they are first connected together
by the connecting rods, and the movement is produced by a cam by means of a
lever that has a tooth, which is hooked by a sliding piece and gives to it a to and
fro movement; this sliding piece is connected to a lever by a mortice and its to and
fro motion produces the oscillations of the levers.
As already stated, the blanks move vertically downwards; the first one enters in
the matrices, and is detached by a knife which is carried and operated by the slide
block. This slide block has a to and fro movement produced by a cam actuating
a lever acting on a slide block by a tooth; this slide block carries a pressure screw
serving to regulate the arrival of the knife against the support. If the blanks are
made of flat iron which must be reduced to square form before upsetting, the slide
block and the support are provided with tools arranged for such a crushing
operation.
Dated this 20th day of October 1890.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Horseshoe and other Nails,
Rivets, Bolts, and the like.
A communication from abroad by LA SOCIÉTÉ CHAVANE FRERES (Joseph
Marie Edmond Chavane and Paul Francois Xavier Chavane), of 5, Rue
Guilhem, Paris, France, Manufacturers.
1, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for object the formation of the heads of horseshoe nails and
analogous articles by means of improved machines that operate by upsetting and it
is applicable to all machines of this kind.
One of the improvements according to this invention consists in upsetting, by
two successive pressing operations the portion of a piece of iron intended to produce
the head of a nail. This portion or piece of iron, which is too long to be upset by
one operation without bending, is held by dies or matrices in front of other matrices
which are designed to form the neck or head of the horseshoe nail. These
matrices together form a square hole whose sides are equal to those of the piece of
iron. Into this hole there enters a punch of the same dimensions as the hole,
which compels the iron to become shorter by swelling it into the space or hollow
designed to form the neck or head; after this pressing operation the punch retires
and moves to one side to allow of the advance of another punch which completes
the upsetting operation. This latter punch has a recess or hollow of the shape of
the desired top of the head.
If it is desired to produce nails with heads of other shape, such as square
or round, it is only necessary to alter the form of the matrices and punches
accordingly.
In the annexed drawings there is shewn a machine constructed according to this
invention.
Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 1, are respectively a plan and an elevation of the framing
and some of the main parts of the machine.
Fig. 3 Sheet 2, is a section on the line B G of Fig. 1 the framing being
removed.
Fig. 4 Sheet 2 shews a piece of iron rod in the matrices or female dies before the
first pressing operation is effected by a punch E.

page_text: Fig. 5 Sheet 2, shews the piece of iron rod after the first pressing operation, the
punch E being still in its forward position.
Fig. 6 Sheet 2, shews the head of the finished nail held between the female
dies D and the finishing punch F these parts being shewn in the positions they
occupy at the end of the pressing operation.
Fig. 7 Sheet 2, shews certain levers H and H¹ hereinafter described for
effecting the movement of the punches.
The remaining figs. are hereinafter referred to.
cam.
The machine comprises a cam I provided with two rollers J, J which act in
succession against a lever K, and push this lever to the left. The return movement
of the lever is effected by means of a spring G which is jointed to the head of the
lever by a connecting rod L and causes the lever to constantly bear against the
This lever K, which is pivoted at its lower end, pushes a plunger M which
slides in a guide N and is connected to the lever by a strap O so as to follow the
lever in its oscillations. The plunger imparts a to and fro motion to slide
blocks P, P' which at their other or free ends carry two punches E & F respec-
tively. At the first push or movement of the plunger to the left, the slide block P
carrying the punch E, is brought into action and then retires, following the cam;
at this moment a box Q containing the slide blocks P P¹ moves laterally to such
an extent as to bring the second punch F into position for use. Meanwhile the
matrices C at the front of the dies D will have moved apart so as to leave a free
way for the punch F which is then moved forward to perform the second pressing
operation, and complete the head of the nail as shewn in Fig. 6. After this second
pressing operation, the box returns to its first position in order to replace the
punch Ein front of, or opposite to, the plunger M for heading another nail.
In order to ensure the return of each slide block to its proper position after its
pressing operation, the plunger M is provided with a stud R and the slide blocks
have each a chamber in which the end of the plunger enters or engages and
above this chamber each slide block is recessed to form a kind of hook that engages
with the stud.
When the displacement of the box Q takes place, the two slide blocks are at
rest, and present their hooked or recessed parts to the stud, so that there will
always be one which will be in position to engage with the stud, the other being
free. When the plunger pushes a slide block, the latter will be hooked on to the
stud for effecting the return movement, and after this return movement has been
effected, the displacement takes place, the stud leaving the slide block that it has
just moved back and engaging with the other slide block.
In order to effect the lateral displacement of the punches, there is provided an
arrangement of levers actuated by an eccentric S. The box Q, which is guided
in its lateral motion by bars or guides T T, has an arm U carrying a stud V which
receives the motion of the levers. This motion is imparted by the eccentric S to
a roller Z carried by a lever X jointed to the cap Y or casing, and causes the studi
to oscillate. This stud is fixed to the lever X and acts upon another lever H to
which it imparts its oscillations. This lever H is keyed on a shaft 2 carried in
bearings 3. This shaft 2 at its opposite end carries another lever H' that acts
upon the stud V, and by this means causes the box to slide laterally in its guides T.
The two studs 1 and V are retained by nuts and are situated in grooves formed
in the levers so as to obtain a perfect regulation of the travel of the box. In
order to vary the length of the punches according to the pressure desired, there is
provided in each slide block, at the fixed end of the punch carried thereby, a wedge
with a countersunk head. This wedge has a screw-threaded tail-piece, and can be
caused to move up or down by means of a nut, so that the punch can be made
longer or shorter as desired.
Another part of this invention has for object to upset a piece of metal which is
very long in relation to its cross section, without bending the same, and by this
means to make heads as large as may be desired. This method consists in

page_text: upsetting the metal by degrees, and keeping it straight in relation to its axis by
means of dies. Two similar matrices, one opposite to or against the other, form a
hollow or space between them which corresponds to the shank and neck of the nail
say a horse shoe nail. The portion of a piece of metal to form the shank of the
nail, is placed in the hollow or space between the two matrices, and the end or
portion designed to form the head, projects outward to form the length to be upset.
This being the case, if a die be brought into operation, having a hole corresponding
to the section of the metal to be upset, and having a depth equal to the length that
projects, less the desired amount of shortening, and if said die be caused to act
against the projecting end of the metal until it meets the matrices, the metal will
swell in the matrices uniformly about its axis without being able to bend in the
portion held by the die.
After this, if a second die having a hole of less depth than the first, be brought
into operation the metal will become still further compressed and shortened by
swelling in the matrices. The same takes place with the other dies when more
than two are used. Similar operations take place to form the heads of other
nails.
If it be required to make rivets, bolt heads, heads of screws, and the like, the
matrices and the dies will be suitably formed for the purpose, the operations being
effected in the same way.
Sheets 3, 4 5 and 6 of the annexed drawings illustrate a machine for carrying
out these improvements.
On Sheet 3, Fig. 1 shews a female die M containing the blank I. The portion
to form the shank of the nail is placed within so as to fill the groove of the
die, and the end of metal to constitute the head projects outward with the length
to be upset.
Fig. 2 shews the female die M upon which the first punch A is supposed to have
descended and caused the metal rod to swell in the die, this constituting the first
upsetting operation.
Fig. 3 shews the effect of the second upsetting operation, caused by the punch A
which has a cavity of less depth than that of the punch shewn in Fig. 2 in order to
increase the swelling or upsetting of the metal rod.
Figs. 4 and 5 shew the effect of the third and fourth upsetting operations effected
by punches having cavities of different depths.
Fig. 6 shews the head of the finished nail after upsetting by the last punch.
Figs. 2* 3* 4* 5* 6* are views illustrating the successive upsetting operations for
the manufacture of nails of other forms.
Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 4 are respectively an elevation and a plan of the machine.
Figs. 3 and 4 Sheet 5 are respectively a side elevation and a section on the
lines A B and C D of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 Sheet 6 is a horizontal section on the line EF Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of the framing and shews a plate carrying female
dies mounted upon a shaft provided with a special driving wheel as hereinafter
more fully described.
Fig. 7 shews details of construction of the carriage carrying the jaws which move
the blanks forward into the upsetting machine.
Fig. 8 shews in elevation & section, the carriers of the female dies, and the
punches.
In this machine, five punches only are shewn, but it will be evident that
according to the nature of the article to be produced a greater or smaller
number of punches can be used by modifying the framing and the plunger
carrying the punches.
In order to utilize to advantage the successive upsetting operations, the
matrices are arranged at the circumference of a horizontal plate E capable of step
by step rotation about its axis 9 (Fig. 5 Sheet 6). Above this plate there is a
kind of plunger F operated by an eccentric G and containing the five dies. During

page_text: the stoppage of the plate E, the plunger F descends, and the dies carried thereby
effect the upsetting. If these dies are guided in such a manner as to cause their
axes to correspond to the axes of the matrices M and of the metal to be upset, it
will be impossible to make the heads crooked. To this end, the matrices M are
placed in holders as shewn in Fig. 8 Sheet 6, arranged in pairs in such a manner
as to apply the matrices one against the other as already mentioned, and formed
with a cylindrical part C which fits in a cavity B formed in the corresponding die
holder D, when this holder is lowered. The dies thus placed in the axis of the
matrices, cannot deviate during the upsetting operation, since this operation is
effected whilst the upper ends of the several matrices are within the cavity B of
the several die holders. The nail blanks I (Fig. 7) move vertically down to the
matrices at J (see Fig. 5); the lowermost shank enters the space between the
matrices, and is detached from the others above by a knife, carried by a slide
block K. The blank held in the matrices is moved thereby according to the
movement of the plate E into the position N, in which it dwells for a short time
during which time the next blank is lowered and fills the following matrices, these
operations being repeated. The second advance movement brings the first blank
to a determined point O where it is subjected to the first upsetting operation; the
next advance movement brings it to another point P to undergo the second
upsetting operation, and so on at each advance, the head being finished in the
position Q.
When the head is thus finished another advance takes place bringing the nail to
the position R where the matrix holders are separated by the descent of two
wedges carried by the plunger F. The finished nail ought then to fall of its own
accord between the matrices and pass into an opening below. If however the nail
should adhere to the matrices when the plate E advances, it will meet a pro-
jection S which will prevent its passage and compels it to fall. After this the two
parts of the matrix holder which were moved apart will be moved together again
by friction against the wall of the chamber in which the plate E rotates. This
chamber which is for the greater part of the same diameter as the plate, is
enlarged at R (Fig. 5) to allow of the moving apart of the matrix holders and
assumes again its smaller or normal diameter at R' in order to compel the two
parts of the matrix holder to again approach each other.
After the machine has been in operation a short time there will always be five
blanks being operated upon by the punches carried by the plunger F, so that a
finished nail will drop at each forward movement of the plate E.
The machine is provided with two pulleys viz. a loose pulley 1 and a fast
or driving pulley 1¹, both mounted on a shaft 2 carrying a flywheel 3 and a
pinion 4.
This pinion drives two toothed wheels 5, 51 of the same diameter, the upper
one riz. 5, being carried by a shaft 6 to which it imparts its motion. This shaft 6
carries the eccentric G for actuating the plunger F. The vertical movement of
the plunger F is ensured by a piece 8 which is capable of sliding around the central
shaft 9 of the plate E and then by friction against the framing at the points 10
and 11. The piece 8 is provided with a collar or sleeve 12 at its upper end capable
of sliding about a fixed rod 13. The eccentric G carries two rollers 15 of the same
diameter on the same shaft and at the pressing part (see Fig. 4 Sheet 5) in order
to diminish friction and to keep the eccentric of the diameter necessary for the
travel of the plunger.
At the part of the plunger F where the die holders are situated, there are set
screws 16 some of which serve to fix the dies A in position and others to fix the
pressure screws H that regulate the position of the dies.
The upper shaft 6 carries at its end opposite to the gear wheel 5¹, a cam 17
(Fig. 3, Sheet 5,) which, by means of roller 18 imparts a to and fro movement to
a carriage 19 carrying jaws 27 which by an arrangement of levers 20 & 21 move
the blanks forward. The lever 20 which carries the roller 18 receives movement

page_text: through such roller from the cam 17 and transmits it to the other lever 21. The
lever 20 is bifurcated at its free end 22 to enable the exact position of the second
lever 21 to be regulated, this position being variable according to the length of
the blanks.
The second lever has a slot 23 at its end in which, at the desired point, a
stud T is fixed for communicating the necessary travel to another lever 24. This
last lever has a slot corresponding to that in the second lever in which the stud T
slides. As the blanks are of different lengths from time to time the carriage 19
must be capable of making a correspondingly greater or less travel. To vary the
travel, the stud T is fixed more or less to the left or to the right as indicated in
dotted lines in Fig. 3 Sheet 5. The lever 24 passes behind the lever 21 and has a
return or projecting part working in the hollow of the framing to give movement
to the carriage 19. This carriage (see Fig. 7 Sheet 6) is jointed to the lever 24 by
a connecting rod 26 jointed to the jaws 27 which are geared together at 28 so as to
open or close at the same time. When the connecting rod 26 rises, it causes the
jaws to open at U, the extent of opening being limited by the contact of the jaws
at V; as the movement of the connecting rod continues, the carriage is drawn
along, and slides in its guides 29. When the connecting rod descends, it causes the
jaws to close and seize and draw along the blank I.
The lower shaft 6' carries a kind of endless screw 7 for driving the wheel 30 on
the shaft 9 for the purpose of causing the plate E to rotate. The thread of this
screw 7 (see Figs. 1 & 6 Sheets 4 & 6) instead of being uniformly inclined to the
axis of the shaft through its length so as to give to the wheel 30 a continuous
rotary motion, is inclined for a part only of each turn, the other portion of the.
thread being in a plane at right angles to the axis of the shaft. By this arrange-
ment the wheel 30 will be held stationary during a portion of each rotation of the
shaft, and an intermittent rotary movement will be given to the wheel 30 and
thence to the plate E through the shaft 9.
In order that the teeth of the wheel may gear in an advantageous manner with
this thread, they have the shape of a lozenge (see Fig. 6) the inclination of the
faces of which is determined by that of the thread.
The central shaft 9 carrying the plate E is supported at its lower end in a step
bearing 32; it passes through the framing V, and at its upper end is supported
laterally in a bearing 33.
During the upsetting operation it is advantageous that the matrices should fit
accurately one against the other so as to avoid the formation of fins or burrs. For
this purpose, five levers X disposed around the plate E and each carrying a pressure
screw y serve to tightly force together the two parts of each of the five matrices
under the dies of the plunger E during each upsetting operation, after each of
these operations the five levers loosen the matrices so as to leave them free during
the advance or partial rotation of the plate E. In order to turn these five levers
about their fulcrums, they are connected together by connecting rods 34, and
movement is imparted to them from a cam 35 by means of a lever 36 provided with
a tooth 37 that engages with a sliding piece 38 to which it gives a to and fro
movement; this sliding piece 38 is connected to a lever X' by a pin and slot
connection 39 so that its to and fro reciprocating motion causes an oscillating
movement of the levers.
As already stated, the blanks I from the carriage 19 move vertically downwards
at the point J; the first one enters the matrices M at this point, and is detached
by a knife carried and operated by the slide block K (Fig. 5 Sheet 6). This slide
block has a to and fro movement imparted to it by a cam 40 which actuates a
lever 41 provided with a tooth 42 that engages with and operates the slide block.
This slide block carries a pressure screw 43 that serves to regulate the arrival of
the knife against the support 44. If the blanks are made of flat iron which must
be reduced to square form before upsetting, the slide block K and the support 44
are provided with suitable tools arranged to effect such a crushing operation.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The hereinabove described improvements in the manufacture of horseshoe and
other nails, rivets, bolts and the like, from metal blanks, by subjecting such blanks
to successive upsetting or pressing operations by means of punches and fixed
matrices or by means of a plunger carrying a number of punches and working in
conjunction with a movable plate carrying a number of correspondingly arranged
matrices; these several parts being combined and operating substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described with reference respectively to the examples illus-
trated in the drawings annexed.
2. Imparting an intermittent rotary motion to the movable plate carrying the
matrices referred to in the preceding claim, by means of an endless screw 7 having
a screw thread of the peculiar form described and gearing with a wheel having
lozenge shaped teeth substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and
shewn in Figs. 1 and 6 of Sheets 4 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
3. The improved machines for the manufacture of horseshoe and other nails,
rivets, bolts and the like, constructed arranged and operating substantially as
herein before described with reference respectively to and shewn in Figs. 1 to 7
inclusive of Sheets 1 and 2; and in Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive of Sheets 4, 5 and 6 of
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of August 1891.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.