Improvements in Smoke Preventing and Consuming Devices for use in connection with Steam-boiler and like Furnaces.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
[Communicated from abroad by ALBERT FREEMAN, of 203, Broadway, in the City
of New York, County and State of New York, United States of America,
Gentleman.]
Improvements in Smoke Preventing and Consuming Devices for use
in connection with Steam-boiler and like Furnaces.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention has relation to means for consuming the combustible products
of combustion of coal, its object being to provide a simple device for supplying
oxygen in sufficient quantities and at a proper temperature to effect a perfect
combustion in the fire-box, and while, as shall be subsequently explained, the
invention is particularly applicable for use in connection with locomotive boiler
furnaces, at the same time it may be used efficaciously in conjunction with
stationary and other furnaces.
According to the invention, as it is illustrated upon the drawings, a construc-
tion is provided in which atmospheric air is delivered in the fire-box substantially
in the center of the flame region, and being thoroughly commingled with the
gases and solid products of combustion, causes their consumption, provision
being made for the air being heated prior to its delivery. The main tuyeres,
through which the air is introduced, are located below the rear lower edge of
the usual igniting fire-brick arch, which extends across the fire-box above the
grate-bars, and which is separated from the flue-sheet by a small space to permit
the cinders carried upward by the draft to escape from the top thereof. The
tuyeres project well into the fire-box and across the said space between the said
arch and flue-sheet and are furnished at their ends with outlets for discharging
air in front of said space, whereby it ultimately follows the path of the products
of combustion and passes therewith in front of and over the forward edge of the
arch into the chamber thereabove. The tuyeres, by means of which the air is
introduced, consist of water-jacketed tubes, the water-chambers therein com-
municating with the water-leg of the boiler. The air is preferably heated by
the waste non-combustible products of combustion in the extension front of the
boiler, and is conducted through a suitable conduit to a manifold located outside
of and beyond the fire-box, and from which the tuyeres project through the
water-leg under the arch. Steam injectors are provided for inducing the hot
air to pass through the tuyeres. By this arrangement, the air is first pre-
heated to a relatively high temperature and then delivered into the fire-box
without taking any heat from the boiler. Upon entering the fire-box, it is raised
to an igniting temperature by the incandescent arch and being thoroughly
commingled and mixed with the carbon and gases from the burning coal, causes
their complete consumption. Consequently, the carbon and gases being con-
sumed before they enter the boiler tubes, the heat units are substantially all
absorbed by the boiler, with the effect of greatly increasing the steaming qualities
CD

page_text: thereof. By introducing the air in front of the space which separates the arch
from the flue-sheet, the air is caught up, as previously stated, by the products
of combustion, and swirled around therewith, and carried up and over the arch
and thereby prevented from passing directly through the lower tubes of the
boiler, and at the same time, the space permits sufficient non-combustible pro-
ducts from the incandescent bed of fire next the flue-sheet to pass through the
lower tubes to heat them to the proper temperature.
The water-jackets for the tuyeres are tapering and provide for the discharge
or escape of steam, to prevent its pocketing, and also permit the discharge of
sediment, which otherwise might settle in the jackets.
In addition to the main tuyeres thus described, this invention contemplates
the employment of a plurality of supplemental tuyeres, communicating with
air-ducts or hollow stay-bolts projecting through the door-end of the fire-box
and located between the door and the crown-sheet. These tuyeres are preferably
hung loosely upon headed bolts so that they may be removed when burned out,
and their nozzles are downwardly inclined to direct a current of air towards the
center of the flame region. And for the purpose of preventing the air admitted
through the last-mentioned tuyeres from hugging the crown-sheet, the fire-box
may be equipped with supplemental arches depending from the crown-sheet
and extending from side to side of the fire-box. The said arches are preferably
made of any material which may be heated to incandescence or to a temperature
sufficient to ignite the gases.
In some locomotives, where the fire-box is long and shallow, the curved
brick arch and the tuyeres projecting from the flue-sheet may be omitted, and
a sufficient number of nozzles or tuyeres hung upon the back-sheet; and, again,
where the brick arch and tuyeres projecting thereunder are sufficient to cause
the perfect combustion of the gases and carbon, the depending arches and the
nozzles hung upon the back-sheet may be dispensed with. The best results,
however, are obtained where they are used in conjunction, provided the quantity
of air admitted through them is properly regulated.
Of the drawings:-
Figure 1 represents a locomotive equipped with the invention, the fire-box
being shown in longitudinal section.
Figure 2 represents a transverse section through the extension front of a
locomotive:
Figure 3 represents a longitudinal section therethrough.
Figure 4 represents a horizontal section through the fire-box below the arch
and shows the arrangement of tuyeres and the manifold connecting therewith.
Figure 5 represents an enlarged vertical section through one of the tuyeres and
its adjacent parts.
Figure 6 represents an enlarged section of one of the supplemental tuyeres
and its connecting hollow stay-bolt.
Figure represents a section on the line a-a of Figure 6.
Upon the drawings is shown a locomotive having a fire-box 1, boiler-tubes 2,
water-leg 3, grate-bars 4, flue-sheet 6, outer wall 12, back-sheet 26, and boiler-
head 27. The boiler tubes project through the boiler to the diaphragm 9 in
front of which there is an extension 8, and a stack 10, the steam exhaust-pipe 11
being located below the stack, as shown in Figure 3. Projecting across the
fire-box from side to side, is an arch 5, separated from the flue-sheet by the
space 7, said arch being made of fire-brick or other material capable of being
heated to incandescence.
The rear part of the arch is at a plane parallel with or slightly below the
lower fire-tubes, so that the incombustible products of combustion resulting
from the incandescent bed of coals at the rear of the fire-box may pass upward
through the space to heat the lowest tubes, said space also permitting the removal
of einders which are carried upward by the draft and lodged upon the top of
the arch,

page_text: Located outside of the outer wall 12 of the water-leg is a pipe or manifold 13,
supported by any suitable devices and having a plurality of pipes or joints 14
which connect with a similar number of tuyeres 16, which enter through the
water-leg into the fire-box. Said tuyeres or nozzles project across the space T
below the rear lower end of the arch, and their ends are some distance in front
of said end of the arch, as shown in Figures 1 and 5. The outer ends of said
tuyeres are fixed in the wall 12 by upsetting or expanding them. The tuyeres
project through elliptical openings 19 in the flue-sheet and surrounding them
are water-jackets 17 whose inner ends are formed with seamless inwardly pro-
jecting flanges 18, tightly secured on the projecting ends of the tuyeres by
expanding the latter.
The outer ends of the jackets are secured to the flue-sheet by stay-bolts or
other suitable means, and hence the annular compartments in the jackets
communicate with the water-leg whereby water can freely circulate through
them. The said water-jackets are shown in Figures 4 and 5, as elliptical in cross-
section, they may however be of circular cross-section. They taper towards
their closed ends to prevent the pocketing of steam and to permit the discharge
of the sediment which might otherwise be deposited in them.
Hence the jackets not only protect the tuyeres from the heat which is usually
most intense below the arch, but also furnish a greater heating surface for the
boiler, so that a higher pressure of steam may be obtained, other conditions
being equal, than heretofore.
The air is admitted through said tuyeres into the fire-box to furnish oxygen
for the consumption of the free carbon and the gases distilled during the com-
bustion of the fuel, and is pre-heated, prior to its delivery to the manifold, by
a heater located in the extension S. The heater consists of a plurality of straight,
parallel jointed pipes 20, arranged on the extension front on both sides thereof in
the path of the non-combustible products of combustion which pass through the
boiler tubes, and said pipes 20 are connected by a transverse pipe 21. The end
of the pipe of one of the series extends through the shell of the boiler to the
atmosphere, while the end of the other series of pipes connects with a conduit 23,
leading into the manifold 13. Said conduit is located entirely outside of the
boiler, and it and the manfold are covered or protected by a thick layer of
asbestos or other suitable non-heat-conducting material.
By this construction and arrangement of parts, the air is highly heated and
is discharged through the tuyeres or nozzles into the fire-box in the flame region
and in front of the rear lower end of the arch, being caught up by the rising
products of combustion and carried therewith in front of and over the front
end of the arch, whereby all the combustible products of the initial combustion
are consumed before they reach the boiler-tube.
To induce a current of air from the heater through the manifold, a series of
injectors 41 is employed and connected with a live-steam pipe 40, leading from
the boiler.
Leading through the water-leg at the front of the boiler and projecting
through the back-sheet 26 and the boiler-head 27, are a plurality of hollow
stay-bolts or conduits 25, arranged in a horizontal line in a plane between the
loor and the crown-sheet. Above each stay-bolt, a bolt 28 is passed through
the water-leg and on its inner end is formed a head 29, beveled as at 30 at an
cute angle to the back-sheet. Upon each of these bolts is hung a tuyere 31 of
he shape shown in Figs. 6 and 7. At its rear end, each tuyere is elliptical so
that its lower portion fits around the end of the stav-bolt 25 which is extended
short distance through the back-sheet into the fire-box. The upper portion of
he rear end of the tuyere is internally beveled to wedge tightly between the
ead 29, and the back-sheet, and the weight of the tuyere is sufficient to hold it
gainst vertical movement, lateral movement being prevented by the engagement
herewith of the projecting end of the hollow stay-bolt. The sides 33 of each
uyere are substantially parallel, the bottom wall extending straight inward as

page_text: at 35, and then downward, as at 36, while the top-wall 34 is downwardly inclined
its entire length, whereby there is formed a large inner chamber 20 with a
contracted nozzle 21, substantially equal in internal diameter to the hollow
stay-bolt. By constructing the supplemental tuyeres in this way, a large body
of air is always confined in the chamber 37 and is highly heated before its
delivery from the nozzle 38.
It will be seen that although the tuyeres 16 and the tuyeres 31 project in
opposite directions, they do not interfere with the natural draft of the furnace:
but, on the contrary, they induce a whirling motion to the products of combus-
tion and cause. their being thoroughly mixed with the air. To prevent the air
from hugging the crown-sheet, arches 39, 39, are placed in the fire-box, as shown
in Figure 1, being detachably secured in place by any suitable means, and
depending from the crown-sheet to deflect the air downwardly therefrom.
As previously stated, either set of tuyeres may be used separately, or they
may be employed conjointly where one set does not furnish sufficient oxygen.
And in case the fire-box is too shallow for the arch 5, the arches 39, 39, which
depend from the crown-sheet and cause the ignition of the air and gases, may
be employed alone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:-
-
1. A smoke consuming device comprising a firebox having an arch extending
from side to side thereof one or more water-jacketed tuyeres projecting under
the rear end of the arch to deliver air into the flame region and cause it to be
carried with the products of combustion under and over the front end of the
arch substantially as herein described and shewn.
2. A smoke consuming device comprising a fire-box having an arch extending
from side to side thereof, one or more water jacketed tuyeres projecting under
the rear end of the arch to deliver air into the flame region and cause it to be
carried with the products of combustion under and over the front end of the arch
and a series, of injectors arranged so as to induce a current of air from a heater
to apply the said tuyeres substantially as herein described and shewn.
3. A smoke-consuming device, comprising a fire-box having an arch extending
from side to side thereof, one or more water jacketed tuyeres projecting under
the rear end of the arch to deliver air into the flame region and cause it to be
carried with the products of combustion under and over the front end of the arch,
and one or more supplemental tuyeres at the opposite end of the fire-box for
delivering additional air downwardly towards the said flame region, thereby
causing a thorough mixing of the air with the combustible products of combus-
tion, substantially as herein described and shewn.
4. A smoke-consuming device, comprising a fire-box having an arch separated
at its rear end from the flue-sheet of the boiler, and one or more water jacketed
tuyeres or nozzles through which air is introduced into the fire-box, said nozzles
being located below the said rear end of the arch, and being sufficiently long to
project beyond the same to cause the air admitted through them to be caught by
the rising currents of the products of combustion and carried under and over the
front end of the arch, substantially as herein described and shewn.
5. The combination with a locomotive boiler furnace having a fire-box with
an arch extending from side to side thereof of water jacketed tuyeres extending
through the water-leg below and forward beyond the rear end of said arch, a
manifold located outside the fire-box and communicating with said tuyeres, an
air-heater located in the path of the products of combustion, and a conduit for
delivering air from said heater to said manifold, whereby air heated to a high
temperature is delivered by the nozzles under and in proximity to the arch.
and being caught by the products of combustion is carried upward therewith and
around the front end of the arch, substantially as herein described and shewn.

page_text: 6. The combination with a fire-box, of one or more hollow stay-bolts passed
through the boiler-head into the fire-box between the door and the crown-sheet,
uyeres in said fire-box for directing the air from said stay-bolts towards the
center of the flame region, and one or more arches depending from the crown-
sheet substantially as herein before described and shewn.
7. The combination with a fire-box, of a hollow stay-bolt passed through the
water-leg, a headed bolt arranged above said stay-bolt, and a tuyere hung
loosely upon the headed bolt to communicate with the hollow-stay-bolt, sub-
stantially as herein described and shewn.
8. The combination with a fire-box, of a tuyere for introducing air into said
fire-box, and a tapering water-jacket enclosing said tuyere substantially as herein
described and shewn.
9. The combination of a firebox having an incandescible arch with a vertical
passage way adjacent to the flue sheet a series of tuyeres or air tubes arranged
under the arch and projecting from the flue sheet in a direction towards the front
edge of the arch with an independent water jacket for each tube the said water
jackets being separated so as not to obstruct the vertical passage way substantially
as herein described and shewn.
10. The combination with a firebox and boiler having a water leg of a nozzle
or tuyere projecting inwards through the water leg beyond the inner wall thereof
to introduce air into the firebox and mix it with the products of combustion said
tuyere or nozzle having its outer end secured in the outer wall of the said water
leg and having a tubular water jacket covering the said tuyere or nozzle the
inner end of the water jacket being secured to the inner end of the tuyere and
its outer end secured to the inner wall of the water leg so as to allow water
from the boiler to circulate in the annular space between the tuyere and the
jacket substantially as herein described and shewn.
D
ami. Tak day of December 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.