IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS FOR GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Garland of West Kirby in the County of
Chester, Engineer and Richard Bennett of Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Grain Agent for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS
FOR GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert Garland and
Richard Bennett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd
November 1882.
HERBERT GARLAND of West Kirby in the County of Chester, Engineer, and
RICHARD BENNETT of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Grain Agent,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS FOR GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
"
Our Invention relates principally to apparatus adapted to be employed in the.
loading discharging and transference of grain but may also be adapted for other
like uses.
In our Improved apparatus a revolving tube or casing provided with an
interior screw or worm rosts upon or is entered within the bulk or mass of grain
and withdraws therefrom tho grain and delivers it to an elevator which we prefer
should consist of a travelling chain of buckets. To give more time for the
emptying of the buckets we employ guide pullies which cause the buckets when
delivering to move diagonally towards the hopper or shute whereby we are enabled
to run the elevator at a greater speed and thereby to raise a larger quantity of
grain in a given time than the ordinary form of elevator. We also prefer to use a
second set of guide pullies to bring the descending chain of buckets into
parallelism with the ascending chain. This part of our Invention is applicable to
elevators not provided with the aforesaid tube. The said revolving tube is
provided with scoops or buckets which take up the grain as the tube revolves and
deliver the grain through openings into the interior of the tube such openings
being preferably provided with gratings to exclude foreign substances likely to
interfere with the action of the apparatus. The said scoops are preferably binged
or are provided with hinged flaps so that their capacity may be regulated. The

page_text: inner end of the said tube is hinged to the framing of the machine or is
connected therewith by means of an universal joint. In the case of a portable
machino provided with motive power the said framing is mounted upon wheels and
carries a steam engine which actuates the tube and the elevator. The revolving
tube is by preference made in connected sections so that it can be lengthened or
shortened and is so sustained as that the outer end can be raised and lowered.
The said elevator delivers the grain into a hopper provided with a shuto or
directly into a shute whereby the grain may be conveyed into a store or into sacks.
For loading into carts the said apparatus may be provided with an adjustable
platform carrying a sack holder and weighing machine so that the sacks may be
filled, weighed and transferred to the cart. We prefer that the top of the upright
frame of the apparatus shall sustain a tank of water surmounted by a baffle below
which the end of the smoke pipe discharges in order that sparks may be arrested
and quenched.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert Garland and Richard Bennett in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd May 1883.
:
HERBERT GARLAND of West Kirby in the County of Chester, Engineer, and
RICHARD BENNETT of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Grain Agent,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELEVATORS FOR GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
uses.
"
Our Invention relates principally to apparatus adapted to be employed in the
loading, discharging and transference of grain but may be adapted for other like
In our improved apparatus a revolving tube or casing provided with an
interior screw or worm rests upon or is entered within the bulk or mass of grain
and withdraws therefrom the grain and delivers it to an elevator which we prefer
should consist of a travelling chain of buckets. To give more time for the
emptying of the buckets we employ guide pullies which cause the buckets when
delivering to move diagonally towards the hopper or shute whereby we are enabled
to run the elevator at a greater speed and thereby to raise a larger quantity of
gmin in a given time than the ordinary form of elevator. We also prefer to use a
second set of guide pullies to bring the descending, chain of buckets into
parallelism with the ascending chain. This part of our invention is also applicable
to elevators not provided with the aforesaid tube. The said revolving tube is
provided with scoops or buckets which take up the grain as the tube revolves and
deliver the grain through openings into the interior of the tube.
But in order that our invention may be fully understood we will refer to two
sheets of drawings which we have attached hereunto and which are illustrative of
the apparatus we have devised for use in the carrying into effect of our invention.
In sheet 1 of the said drawings Fig 1 represents a side elevation and Fig 2 a
sectional plan of the apparatus, these drawings being made to a scale of about
five-eighths of an inch to the foot. In the said Figs a is a carringe suitably
mounted upon wheels and provided with a steam engine 6 and a steam generator c.
A hopper & is sustained above the boiler upon four columns e and is also secured
to the upper end of the upright casing f of an elevator. In some cases we fix a
water tank above the hopper and carry the smoke pipe through or bring the end
of it above this tank using a baffle plate to deflect sparks downwards to the water.
The lower end of the said elevator is mounted upon a casing 9 which encloses the
bottom bucket wheel of the elevator and part of the driving gear of the revolving
tube h. The casing g and the inner end of the said tube are represented in section
on a larger scale by Fig 3 and a cross section of the tube by Fig 4. The said tube
consists of a cylindrical shell made of steel plates or of other suitable metal or
material. The said tube is by preference made in short sections which are provided
with end flanges h. in order that two or more of the sections may be readily bulted
or connected together the number of sections so connected being capable of
variation to suit the requirements. One such section appears in Fig 3. Each
section is provided with an internal worm or screw i which does not revolve within
the tube as in ordinary grain worms but is fixed by its periphery to the shell of
the tube. The worm is formed around a central shaft or tube i¹. and the inner
end of this is secured to an armed wheel which is fixed to the shell of the tube.
The said shaft is connected by means of an universal coupling & with a short shaft
which is provided with a spur wheel which is driven by a pinion which is upon a
shaft m which revolves in bearings in a frame which is mounted on the top of the
casing g. The shaft m is connected by bevel or mitre wheels with a cross shaft n
upon which is a pulley o which is connected by means of a driving belt with a

page_text: driving pulley p which is fixed upon a shaft which is geared with the engine crank
shaft. It will be seen that a revolving motion is transmitted from the engine to
the tube h. The arrangements and proportions of the shafts gearing and pullies
may be varied as desired or to suit varying requirements. The universal coupling
permits the tube to be worked at an inclination from the horizontal line when
necessary. The tube is connected with the casing g by means of a double link "" which
is centered to the casing at a point in line with the centre of the universal coupling
and is secured to a circular frame q which is provided with rollers within which the
tube revolves. The tube can be raised into an inclined position by means of a rope or
chain, which is attached by one end to the frame q. Each section of the tube is
provided with a lifting scoop or bucket 8 or with two or more scoops or it may be
in some cases that one or more of the sections nearest to the elevator may not be.
provided with scoops. Opposite to each scoop is an opening in tho tube so that as
the tube revolves in the direction indicated in Fig 4 any substance say for oxample
grain received into the scoop is emptied through such opening into the tube and it
will be seen that by reason of the interior worm the grain will be gradually carried
towards the elevator until it is discharged from the tube into the casing g. The
said openings in the tube sections may be provided with gratings to exclude
foreign substances likely to interfere with the action of the apparatus. We also
find it advantageous to provide a hinged flap or door which opens inwards to
admit of the passage of the grain into the tube but closes as the opening is moving
downwards to prevent the outflow of the grain. We may hinge the scoops to the
tubes or provide the scoops with hinged back plates or flaps in order that their
capacity may be regulated. The grain discharged into the casing g is taken up by
the buckets u of the elevator and is thereby conveyed to the higher elevation and
discharged into the hopper d whence it is discharged through the shute v into sacks
or other receptacles, or the elevator may discharge directly into a sbute which
delivers the grain into sacks, carts or receptacles or into store. In the example the
apparatus is provided with a platform w upon which the grain may be received
into sacks which may be weighed and transferred into carts or wagons. Any
ordinary or suitable elevator or lifting apparatus may be used in connection with
the tube but we prefer the special arrangement illustrated in Fig 1 wherein it will
be seen that the bucket chains pass over supplementary pullies x and x¹. The
pulley & deflects and inclines the emptying bucket towards the hopper the pulley ²
being used simply to bring the chain into parallelism with the ascending chain.
It will be seen that by the use of the pulley the bucket is kept longer in a
position to discharge clear into the hopper so that the elevator may be run faster
than would be possible without this arrangement. It will be understood that
there is a set of pullies on each side of the elevator that is to say to act on each
chain. The apparatus in the form illustrated is particularly intended to draw
grain from a heap or mass and to deliver it in the manner described. For this
purpose the tube may be raised into an inclined position and the apparatus moved
into position close to the mass. The tube may then be allowed to rest upon the
grain and when it is caused to revolve it will withdraw and deliver the grain and
may be allowed to sink into the mass or may be lowered at intervals as required.
In some cases the tube is arranged to be inclined or to be capable of being
inclined at an angle below the horizontal. The drawings on sheet 2 illustrato
such an arrangement as applied on ship board to raise grain from the hold. In
this example the tube h is hinged by its upper or inner end to a bracket projecting
from the clevator casing and delivers the grain into a shute which leads into the
said casing. The lower or outer end of the tube rests upon or in the grain to be
raised. When necessary the tube is lengthened by the addition of one or more
sections. In Fig 6 two tubes and two elevators are supposed to be working on
opposite sides of the keelson or screw shaft casing of the vessel. Instead of the
chain of elevator buckets shewn in Fig 5 we may cause the tube h to discharge
into a receptacle capable of being hoisted and emptied. We do not confine ourselves
to the use of a carriage on wheels nor to the portable nature of the apparatus nor

page_text: to the combination with the apparatus constituting the invention of a steam engine
and generator.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of our said invention and
the manner in which and the means whereby we propose to carry the same into
practical effect we would have it to be understood that we claim :-
First The apparatus substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated
heroinbefore and in and by the accompanying drawings:
Secondly a carriage provided with an engine and with a steam gonerator and an
elevator which latter is supplied by means of a revolving tube provided with a
fixed internal screw or worm and with scoops the whole acting substantially as and
for the purposes set forth and indicated.
Thirdly a revolving tube to which is fixed a screw or worm and which is
provided with scoops which take up substances and discharge them through
openings into the tube which passes them on and discharges them from one end
substantially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated.
Fourthly The combination of the tube h with the elevator substantially as and
for the purpose set forth and indicated.
And lastly the employment of additional pullies or wheels for deflecting the
buckets of an elevator towards the hopper or shute into which they discharge
substantially as set forth and indicated with reference to Fig 1 of the attached
drawings
In witness whereof I the said Herbert Garland for myself and on behalf of
the said Richard Bennett have hereunto set my hand and seal this first
day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
eighty-three
Signed, sealed and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton St, Manchester.
HERBERT GARLAND (L.S.)