Apparatus for Mixing Difficultly Miscible Liquids or Liquefied Matters.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 20th July, 1899-Accepted, 26th Aug.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Mixing Difficultly Miscible Liquids or Liquefied
Matters.
I, MATHIEU JULIEN, of 208 bis, Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, France, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for effecting the intimate and permanent
mixture, under the effect of high pressure and impact or shock, of liquid, semi-
liquid, or liquefied matters which by reason of their difference of nature or
density are difficultly miscible as for example the admixture of milk with butter
fat which has undergone a preliminary separation from the ordinary constituents
of butter, for the purposes of conservation, or for mixing the constituent elements
of artificial butter namely oil, margarine, and milk, so as to form a homogeneous
product closely resembling natural butter.
The invention consists in the combination with jet mixing apparatus here-
after referred to, of a preliminary mixing apparatus which is interposed between
the pumps supplying the constituents of the mixture and the jet mixing
apparatus by which the intimate molecular admixture of the difficultly miscible
matters brought about by the effect of violent impact or shock produced by the
projection of the said matters in the form of fine jets and under very high pres-
sure meeting each other or a point of impact at a very high velocity so as to
break them up and bring the matters into intimate molecular contact with each
other.
The said preliminary mixing apparatus consists of a hollow casing or cylinder
traversed longitudinally by a rapidly revolving shaft furnished with projecting
perforated pallets which work in circumferential grooves or between internal
projections formed on the interior of the casing, the portion of the shaft within
the casing and on which the pallets are formed being of flattened or other section
such that it will itself act as a pallet and give passage in the longitudinal
direction to the matters under treatment, which are supplied to the casing at the
one end by the pumps and are projected by the pallet portion of the shaft into the
path of the perforated pallets working in the grooves or spaces between the
internal projections of the casing. The fluids are thus caused to traverse the
holes in the pallets and are subjected to the action of the whole of the pallets
in succession whereby they are brought into a condition of more intimate admix-
ture before passing out at the opposite end of the casing to the final jet mixing
apparatus above referred to.
This mixing apparatus consists essentially of a piston acting as a regulating
valve and traversing a cylinder connected with a pipe through which the con-
stituents of the mixture are forced under high pressure by separate pumps of
relative capacities for delivery corresponding to the required proportions of
the constituents in the mixture, the piston being formed of two parts of different
diameters passing through cup leathers and glands at the opposite ends of the
cylinder so as to leave the piston exposed to pressure in one direction. This
pressure is balanced by the stress of a spring regulated according to the pressure

page_text: at which the mixer is required to work. The part of the piston of smaller
diameter is tubular and has two or more minute radial emission orifices leading
into its bore. When the pressure in the cylinder acting on the effective area of
the part of larger diameter is sufficient to overcome the stress of the spring the
emission orifices are brought into communication with the interior of the cylinder
so as to give passage to minute jets of the mixture contained in the cylinder.
These jets meet and strike against each other with great force within the bore
of the piston and by the violent concussion thus produced the molecules become
so intimately mixed as to form a kind of emulsion of which the constituent liquids
are no longer separable. The length of the cylinder is sufficient to admit of the
necessary play of the piston under the limited variations of pressure due to the
pulsating action of the pumps. Should the pressure, however, fall below the
predetermined limit the piston will be moved by the spring so as to cut off the
connection of the orifices with the cylinder and so arrest the mixing action until
the necessary pressure has again been reached. The orifices may be mere needle-
holes about one-thirty second of an inch in diameter, the diameter of these
orifices being necessarily limited in view of the high pressure acting on the
cupped leather past which the orifices work and the large delivery of small orifices
under high pressures. It has been found that a pressure in the cylinder of about
250 atmospheres gives jets of sufficient velocity to produce a shock of the
violence required to bring about an intimate admixture.
The product of the mixing action may be cooled and solidified by being dis-
charged through a finely-perforated distributor or rose immersed in a receptacle
containing fresh water at a temperature of 3° to 5° C. (35° to 40° F.). The
cooled and solidified product rises to the surface, is collected, and finally kneaded
or worked up to form a solid mass by any suitable means such as usually
employed for working butter as it leaves the churn.
Dated this 9th day of November 1898
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.
Apparatus for Mixing Difficultly Miscible Liquids or Liquefied
Matters.
I, MATHIEU JULIEN, of 208bi, Faubourg St. Denis, Paris, France, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for effecting the intimate and permanent
mixture, by the effect of violent impact or shock, of liquid, semi-liquid, or
liquefied matters which by reason of their difference of nature or of density
are difficultly miscible or which after being mixed are liable to separate. The
apparatus is primarily designed for effecting the admixture, with a view to the
restoration of preserved butter to its pristine condition, of milk with butter fat
which has been previously separated by melting and subsidence from the con-
stituents the presence of which would militate against its conservation, the
apparatus being also designed for mixing together the constituents of artificial
butter, viz, oil, margarine, and milk, so as to form a homogeneous product
closely resembling natural butter.
The invention consists in the combined employment of a rotary mixing
apparatus whereby a churning together and a more or less intimate mixture of

page_text: the liquids is effected, and of a jet mixing apparatus, receiving the partially
mixed liquids from the first mentioned apparatus and whereby the difficultly
miscible matters are subjected to violent impact or shock produced by fine jets of
the partially mixed matters projected at a very high velocity and under very high
pressure, meeting each other or a point of impact in such manner that the
intimate molecular admixture of the different liquids is brought about.
The apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of
this specification wherein Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of the rotary
mixing apparatus. Figure 2 is a central longitudinal section of the impact
pulverizer and mixer, and Figure 3 is a plan and Figure 4 a cross section thereof
on line 44 Figure 2.
The rotatory mixer consists of a hollow casing A traversed by a rapidly revolving
shaft B B mounted in suitably packed bearings on the ends of said casing and
furnished with perforated pallets C which work between internally projecting
circumferential ribs D formed on the interior of the casing A, the portion B'
of the shaft on which the pallets C are formed being of flattened or other section
such that it will itself act as a pallet and give passage in the longitudinal
direction to the fluids to be mixed, which are forced by the pumps into one end
of the casing through the inlet a and are projected by the pallet portion B' of
the shaft into the path of the perforated pallets C working in the grooves or
spaces between the ribs D whereby the fluids are churned up and mingled
together by being caused to traverse the holes c of the pallets, the fluids in pass-
ing longitudinally through the casing being subjected to the action of all the
pallets in succession and finally passing at the outlet a to the cylinder of the
impact mixing apparatus hereafter described. The purpose of the above described
rotary mixing apparatus is to bring the fluids into a inore or less intimate state
of admixture before being presented to the jet apparatus so as to ensure con-
stancy of the final product.
The above described rotary mixing apparatus is interposed between the pumps
and the final mixing apparatus hereafter described, the pumps being in sets
those of each set delivering simultaneously and being of relative capacities corre-
sponding to the intended proportions of the constituents of the intended mixture
and the several sets being worked in rotation by eccentrics from a common shaft
all the pumps delivering the liquids to be mixed, at a pressure of about 250 atmo-
spheres, into the pipe leading to the inlet al of the cylinder A.
The jet mixing device consists essentially of a piston D' traversing a cylinder E
connected at F with the pipe leading from the outlet a¹ of the preliminary
mixing cylinder A. The piston is formed of two parts D' d of different diameters
passing through leather packings and glands g, G G¹ at the opposite ends of
the cylinder so as to leave the piston exposed to pressure over the area of surface
presented by the shoulder at . This pressure is balanced by the stress of a
spring H regulated according to the pressure at which the mixer is required
to work. For this purpose the spring H is compressed between a fixed cross-
head I and a movable crosshead J against which the piston D¹ abuts, the spring
being coiled about a guide tube K carried by the crosshead and sliding through
the crosshead I, and crosshead J being fitted to slide on guide rods L
by which the crosshead I is connected to a fixed abutment on the
cylinder E with facility of adjustment by screw nuts to enable the
initial compression of the spring to be regulated, the motion of the sliding cross-
head in the forward direction being limited by shoulders on the guide rods.
The part of the piston of smaller diameter, is tubular and has two or more
minute radial emission orifices m (of about one-thirty second of an inch diameter)
leading into its bore M. When the liquid pressure in the cylinder acting on the
effective area of the shoulder is sufficient to overcome the stress of the spring H,
the piston is moved longitudinally so that the emission orifices m are brought
into communication with the interior of the cylinder E and give passage to
minute jets of the mixture contained in the cylinder. These orifices m being

page_text: diametrically opposite or radial and in the same transverse plane, the jets meet
and strike against each other with great force within the bore M of the piston
and by the violent concussion thus produced, the liquids become pulverized,
their molecules becoming so intimately mixed as to form a kind of emulsion of
which the constituent liquids are no longer separable. The length of the cylinder
is sufficient to admit of the necessary play of the piston under the limited
variations of pressure due to the pulsating action of the pumps. Should the
pressure, however, fall below the predetermined limit, the stress of the spring will
prevail and the piston will be moved until the orifices m pass beyond the pack-
ing g so that connection of the orifices with the cylinder will be cut off and the
action will be arrested until the necessary pressure has again been attained, the
piston thus acting the part of a regulator valve.
The product of the mixing action may be cooled and solidified by being dis-
charged through a finely perforated distributor or rose immersed in a receptacle
containing fresh water at a temperature of 3° to 5° C. (35° to 40° F.). The cooled
and solidified product rises to the surface, is collected, and finally kneaded or
worked up to form a solid mass by any suitable means such as usually employed
for working butter as it leaves the churn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The employment, in combination with apparatus such as described, for effect-
ing by violent impact or shock the intimate and permanent mixture of difficultly
miscible liquids or liquefied matters such as specified, of rotary mixing apparatus
constructed and operating as described and interposed between the impact or jet
mixing apparatus and the pumps by which the liquids to be mixed are supplied.
Dated this 20th day of July 1899.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.