IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING METALLIC PIPES, RETORTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Robinson, of the Dial Iron Works, Kings-
winford, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING METALLIC PIPES, RETORTS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES."
Sealed the 13th February 1866, and dated the 29th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
August 1865.
I, GEORGE ROBINSON, of the Dial Iron Works, Kingswinford, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING METALLIC PIPES, RETORTS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in con-
structing moulds for casting metallic pipes, retorts, and other articles, by which
said improvements great facility in the production of the moulds for casting
large metallic pipes and similar articles is secured.
My Invention is especially applicable to moulds for casting hollow articles,
but may also be applied to moulds for casting solid articles.
In making a mould according to my Invention for casting a socket or other
pipe of cast-iron or steel, or other metal, I proceed as follows:---I take a metal
moulding box,of the required length, the said moulding box being divided
longitudinally into two halves. One of the said halves of the moulding box
may be made of a series of short lengths, which are hinged or jointed to the
other half of the moulding box; or the hinged or jointed part of the mould

page_text: may be in one piece. I build up one upon another in the interior of the said
moulding box a series of short hollow cylinders or rings made of sand or loam,
or sand and other mixture dried in the usual way, the hinged short lengths of
the half moulding box being closed and fastened upon the other half moulding
box as the moulding box is filled with the said short hollow cylinders of sand or
loam. The interior of the moulding box is made a little larger than the short
cylinders or rings of sand or loam in order that they may be fixed straight or in
a line with the axis of the moulding box, and after the short cylinders of sand
or loam have been adjusted concentrically they are secured in their places by
ramming a little sand between the said short cylinders and the interior of the
moulding box. When the series of short cylinders or rings of sand or loam
have been built up in this way in the moulding box, the inner surfaces of the
said short cylinders constitute the outside of the mould of the pipe to be cast.
In the axis of the moulding box a central core of sand or loam of the ordinary
construction is fixed, and in the annular space thus formed the pipe is cast in
the usual way. The interior of the moulding box may be planed or bored out,
and the short hollow cylinders of sand or loam made exactly to fit the said
moulding box. The short cylinders of sand or loam forming the outside of the
mould are thereby brought to coincide with one another, and their adjustment
is rendered unnecessary. I cast the pipes in the moulding box vertically or
in any other way, the ordinary appliances being used. The moulds for casting
retorts and other hollow articles are constructed in the manner herein described
with respect to a mould for casting pipes, excepting that the parts have the
required form of the article to be cast.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Robinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ROBINSON, of the Dial Iron Works, Kingswinford, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Robinson, Her special licence that I, the said George Robinson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George

page_text: Robinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDS FOR CASTING METALLIC PIPES, RETORTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Robinson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said George Robinson, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in con-
structing moulds for casting metallic pipes, retorts, and other articles, by which
said improvements great facility in the production of the moulds for casting
large metallic pipes and similar articles is secured.
My Invention is especially applicable to moulds for casting hollow articles,
but may also be applied to moulds for casting solid articles.
In making a mould according to my Invention for casting a socket or other
pipe of cast iron or steel or other metal I proceed as follows:-I take a metal
moulding box of the required length, the said moulding box being divided
longitudinally into two halves. One (or both) of the said halves of the mould-
ing box may be made of a series of short lengths which are hinged or jointed
by pins or clamps to the other half of the moulding box. Or the hinged or
jointed part of the moulding box, as well as the fixed part, may each be made
in one piece or length. I build up one upon another in the interior of the
said moulding box a series of short hollow cylinders or rings made of sand,
or loam or sand, and other mixture dried in the usual way, the length or
lengths of the half moulding box being closed and fastened upon the other
half moulding box, as the moulding box is filled with the said short hollow
cylinders of sand or loam. The interior of the moulding box is made a little
larger than the short bollow cylinders or rings of sand or loam, in order that
they may be fixed straight or in a line with the axis of the moulding box, and
after the short cylinders of sand or loam have been adjusted concentrically,
they are secured in their places by ramming a little sand between the said

page_text: short cylinders and the interior of the moulding - box.
When the series of
short cylinders or rings of sand or loam have been built up in this way in the
moulding box, the inner surfaces of the said short cylinders constitute the
outside of the mould of the pipe to be cast. In the axis of the moulding box
a central core of sand or loam of the ordinary construction is fixed, and in the
annular space thus formed the pipe is cast in the usual way. The interior of
the moulding box may be planed or bored out or otherwise made true, and
the short hollow cylinders of sand or loam made exactly to fit the said mould-
ing box. The short cylinders of sand or loam forming the outside of the mould
are thereby brought to coincide with one another, and their adjustment is
rendered unnecessary.
I cast the pipes in the moulding box vertically or in
any other way, the ordinary appliances being used. The moulds for casting
retorts and other hollow articles are constructed in the manner herein described
with respect to a mould for casting pipes, excepting that the parts have the
required form of the article to be cast.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a mould and moulding
box for casting a socket pipe, constructed according to my Invention, a pipe
being represented in the said mould, the central core being omitted; Figure 2
is a cross section of the same; and Figures 3 and 4 are portions of the
same. The said moulding box consists of a hollow metallic cylinder of a
diameter somewhat greater than the pipe to be cast in it, the said moulding
box being divided longitudinally into two halves marked respectively a and b,
(see the section Figure 2). The half box a is made up of a series of twelve
or more or less than twelve short lengths or pieces, and the other half box b
which constitutes the permanent or fixed half is made as long as the pipe to
be cast, or it may be made in two or more pieces or lengths. Both halves of
the moulding box are provided with flanges marked respectively a³, b³, by
passing joint pins c through the holes in the said flanges, and cotters through
the said pins c, the halves of the moulding box may be fastened or fixed
together as illustrated in Figure 2.
In fitting the moulding box, a, b, to cast a pipe therein, I build up in the
interior of the box a series of short hollow cylinders or rings made of sand, or
loam, or sand and other mixture dried in the usual way. These short hollow
cylinders or rings are marked d in Figures 1 and 2; and one of the said
short hollow cylinders or rings is represented in elevation and section in
Figure 4. As the moulding box is filled with the short cylinders d, the short

page_text: lengths or pieces of the half box a are closed upon the said short cylinders d,
and fastened to the other half box 6 by the joint pins and cotters represented
in Figure 2. After the mould has been built up of the proper length, the end
piece e, in which the socket of the pipe is cast, is fixed to the top of the mould.
The interior of the moulding box a, b, is made a little larger than the short
hollow cylinders or rings d, in order that the said rings may be adjusted con-
centrically in the axis of the moulding box, the said short cylinders or rings d
being afterwards fixed in their places by ramming a little sand between them
and the interior of the moulding box. Or the interior of the moulding box
may be planed or bored out or otherwise made true, and the short hollow
cylinders or rings d made accurately to fit the said moulding box. Their
adjustment in the box is thereby rendered unnecessary. When the series of
short cylinders or rings d of sand or loam have been built up in the interior
of the moulding box a, b, in the manner represented in Figure 1, a central
core of sand or loam constructed in the ordinary way is introduced and fixed
in the axis of the box, a sufficient annular space being left between the said
core and hollow cylinders and rings d, in which to cast the pipe. The
mould thus made consists on its outside of the inner surfaces of the hollow
cylinders or rings d of sand or loam, and on its inner side of the central core
of sand or loam described.
The annular space which is left between the core and short cylinders or
rings d is represented in the Drawing filled with a metallic pipe marked f.
The moulding box is supported on the bottom plate h, and is fixed vertically,
by preference, during the casting of the pipe therein, the ordinary appliances
being used.
Instead of joining the halves a, b, of the moulding box together by joint
pins and cotters c, c, as represented in Figure 2, the two halves may be hinged
to one another in the manner represented in cross section in Figure 5, where
i is the fixed half of the moulding box, and k the moveable half hinged at I, I,
to the fixed half; each of the short lengths or pieces of the moveable half k is
made in two pieces which respectively turn upon the hinges 1, 7, at the opposite
sides of the fixed half i. Or the short lengths of the moveable half may be
made in one piece and hinged at one side to the other half, the two halves
when brought together being fixed by cross pins and cotters or clamps or
5 cramped. The short lengths of the moveable half of the box in this case
constitute lids or doors. Or the two halves of the moulding box may be
cramped or clamped together in the manner represented in cross section in
Figure 6, where m, n, are the two halves of the moulding box, and othe
clamps or cramps fixed to the half m.

page_text: When the two halves have been put together after the introduction of the
short hollow cylinders of sand or loam, pins or wedges are placed between the
ends of the clamps o and flanges p on the half box n, so as to fix or clamp
the two halves or portions of the halves together.
In Figures, 5 and 6 the outside of the mould formed by the short hollow
cylinders of sand or loam is marked d, and the pipe in the mould is
marked f.
Although I have described the moveable half of the mould as being made
of twelve or other number of parts or lids, yet the said moveable half may be
made in one length or piece.
In making moulds for casting retorts and other hollow articles, they are
constructed in the manner described and represented with reference to a mould
for casting pipes, excepting that the parts of the moulding box, rings, and core
have the form of the article to be cast. When solid articles are to be cast,
the central core is omitted.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented in the Drawing,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention ;
but I claim as my Invention the improvements in moulds for casting metallic
pipes, retorts, and other articles herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making the said moulds in a moulding
box divided longitudinally into two halves, between which halves of the
moulding box a series of short hollow cylinders or suitably shaped rings of
sand or loam, forming the outside of the mould, are enclosed, each of the said
halves of the moulding box being made either in one piece or length, or of a
series of short pieces or lengths, hinged, jointed, clamped, or otherwise fixed
together.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Robinson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
GEORGE ROBINSON. (L.S.)