IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WASHING OF ROOTS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Patterson, of Beverley, in the County of
York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CHURNING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WASHING OF ROOTS
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 5th May 1857, and dated the 12th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1856.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CHURNING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WASHING
OF ROOTS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus which may be used either for
churning or for washing roots and other substances, and consists of a vessel
for containing the milk (if used as a churn, or the washing liquid or water, if
used as a washing machine), such vessel being mounted in any convenient
manner to enable it to be shaken or agitated in such a way as to cause the
fluid contained therein to rush or flow violently backwards and forwards in the
vessel, thereby producing the desired churning or washing effect.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Patterson in the Great Seal Patent Oflice on the
12th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PATTERSON, of Beverley, in tho County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer Letters
Patent, bearing date. the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Patterson, Her special license that I, the said John Patterson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Patterson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during tho
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CHURNING, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE WASHING OF ROOTS AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Patterson, by an instrument in writing under my band and seal, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to bo performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Oflico within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Patterson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to bo particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an apparatus which may be used either for
churning or for washing roots and other substances, and consists of a vessel
for containing the milk (if used as a churn, or the washing liquid or water,
if used as a washing machine), such vessel being mounted in any convenient
manner to enable it to be shaken or agitated in such a way as to cause the
fluid contained therein to rush or flow violently backwards and forwards in the
vessel, thereby producing the desired churning or washing effect.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall

page_text: refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a longitudinal vertical section of my
washing apparatus, suitable for washing roots or other similar substances;
Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same; and Figure 3 is a transverse
vertical section of the apparatus. The substances to be washed are contained
in the loose box A, which fits easily inside the tub or vessel B containing
water. The bottom of the box A is made in the form of a grating, so as to
admit the water contained in the vessel B to flow freely therein amongst the
roots or other substances to be washed. A space is left between the bottom
of the box A and the vessel B to allow the dirt or earthy matter to sett'e
therein when removed from the roots.
The vessel B is fitted with two axles C. C, by which it is supported on tho
rockers D, D; these rockers are connected by rods E, so as to keep them
parallel to each other. The curve of the rockers is formed with a radius
greater than the distance from the axles to the working surface, for the
purpose of imparting a rising and falling motion to the vessel, in combination
with the horizontal motion produced by pushing it to and fro by hand or
mechanical power.
This vibrating or pendulous motion of the apparatus
causes the water contained therein to be violently agitated amongst the roots
or other substances in the box A, and thereby effectually removes the dirt
therefrom. When the substances have been well washed, the water may be run
off through the plug hole F, and the box A is then raised out of the vessel B.
In small machines this may be effected without any mechanical purchase, but
in large machines I propose to use a winch G, which is carried in uprights II,
fixed to one end of the vessel B. The upper extremities of these uprights
carry the ends of a guide roller I, for guiding the threo chains or ropes K, K,
and L, a similar roller being fitted on to corresponding uprights M at the
opposite end of the vessel, for guiding the chains or ropes K, K. The centre
portion of the barrel of the winch is of larger diameter than the rest of it, as
is clearly shown at N (Figure 3). The object of this enlargement is to enable
one end of the box A to be elevated quicker than the other, so that when
lifted out of the vessel B the box will be in an inclined position, and will
allow the roots or other substances to discharge themselves through the hinged
discharge door O, which opens by the pressure of the roots against it. The
chain L is attached to the end of the box which is to be the most elevated,
and therefore it is wound round the large part of the barrel, whilst the two

page_text: other chains K are connected to the opposite end of the box, and are wound
round the smaller parts of the barrel. It thus follows that the chain L will
bo wound up the quickest, and will consequently elevate that end of the box
higher than the discharge end. A ratchet and detent P serves to hold the
box suspended during the time its contents are being discharged. Q, Q, are
inclined boards, fixed into the top of the box A to prevent the water from
splashing out during the working of the machine; a mouth or opening, how-
ever, is left between them for the introduction of the substances to be washed.
When used as a clothes-washing machine or for churning, the loosa inner
box A is dispensed with.
Figure 4 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the vessel B adapted
for washing clothes; Figure 5 is a plan of the same, and Figure 6 is a
transverse vertical section thereof. I have not shewn the rockers in these
views, as they are precisely similar to those illustrated by Figures 1, 2, and 3.
In the bottom of the vessel B are arranged a number of vertical pins R, R,
for holding the clothes, which are placed loosely between them, as represented
in Figure 5. A lid S is placed on the top of the tub or vessel B to prevent
the water splashing over the sides, and a longitudinal projecting rib T on the
under side of the lid rests upon the tops of the pins R, for the purpose of
preventing the clothes being washed off. The violent agitation of the water
against the clothes, produced by the rocking motion of the tub or vessel B
(imparted through the haudlo U), and the constant friction of the clothes
against the bottom and sides of the vessel, effectually cleanses them in a very
short space of time. When used as a churn the apparatus may be of the
same construction as the clothes-washing machine; tho pins, though not
absolutely necessary in churning, may be used, if preferred. The rockers
herein-before referred to may, if found desirable, be placed above the vessel
to be agitated, such vessel being suspended from rockers working upon over-
head supporting beams, in place of resting upon the rockers, as shown in the
Drawings.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or inain features of my said Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the berein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the application and use of

page_text: a vessel mounted upon or suspended from two or more pairs of rockers for the
purpose of churning milk or of washing various substances, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Patterson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
JOHN PATTERSON. (L.B.)
JOHN PATTERSON. (L.B.)