CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF GIVING AN INDEPENDENT MOVING POWER TO ALL MACHINES BY MEANS OF HYDRAULICK ENGINES, AND ALSO OF CONSTRUCTING AND EMPLOYING SEPARATELY SEVERAL OF THEIR PART3, SUCH AS WHEELS PISTONS, AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING FRICTION, UPON NEW PRINCIPLES
Year: 1801

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
GASTON JOHN BAPTISTE Count de THIVILLE, of Piccadilly, in the County of
Middlesex, do send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of February,
in the forty-first year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Joseph
Gaston John Baptiste Count de Thiville, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, His special licence that I, the said Joseph Gaston John Baptiste Count
de Thiville, my executors, adininistrators, and assigns, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all His
Colonies and Plantations abroad, ny Invention of "CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF
GIVING AN INDEPENDENT MOVING POWER TO ALL MACHINES BY MEANS OF HYDRAULICK
ENGINES, AND ALSO OF CONSTRUCTING AND EMPLOYING SEPARATELY SEVERAL OF THEIR
PART3, SUCH AS WHEELS, PISTONS, AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING FRICTION, UPON
NEW PRINCIPLES;" in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Joseph Gaston John Baptiste Count de Thiville, under
my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Gaston John Baptiste Count de Thiville, do hereby declare that my
said Invention consists in the application of certain hydrostatical principles not
at all or but little known till now, which, contrary to the laws of statics in solid
bodies, give to incompressible fluids the property of rising almost spontaneously
above the place from which they have fallen. Without accounting for the
causes, I will confine myself to effects, founded on experiments, and give some
specimens of these principles, and of the consequences resulting therefrom:-
Let Fig. 1 be an empty tube, and stopped at bottom or top air tight. If it is
immersed into water, and suddenly opened, the fluid will rise to a, fall to b,
rise again to c, and so on till it fixes itself at d, which is the level of
the fluid. Let Fig. 2 be a vertical section of a chest fastened in a large
reservoir or pond; let the front part a, b, revolving in i, be in the
position i, 2; if it falls suddenly in i 8, the water will rise above its level,
and a portion will flow out of the chest. Let the front part a, b, in the
situation i 4, be counterpoised by a pendulum V, O, in such a manner that
either at work or at rest the gravity of V, O, be in the same constant ratio
with the gravity of a, b, then the least possible power impelling on O will
communicate motion to a, b, by the rods B and X, which have a common
centre at V. If the motion is alternate and regular, a, b, going up and down
from 3 to 5, the water will rise as before, and enter an upper reservoir, q;
besides, the front part a, b, striking or impelling on the surface of the fluid at r,
will form a wave, which will be able to raise a body, Y, immersed at some
distance, and the water withdrawing will abandon the body to its own weight,
which effect may be productive of a power. If the waste is prevented from
going out of the chest by the front part being lengthened as at c, this fron
part being alternately and gradually loaded with and unloaded from the weight
of water will produce a gradual and disposable power, which will be still
greater if the chest be situated out of the reservoir, and communicating with
it by its back part only. If an empty vessel, K, intercepts that communication,
the valve at 7 being suddenly opened, the water will rise to 9; if 7 be shut,
and the valve-6 opened at the moment; the front part a, b, falls from i 2 to i 3,
-9 will fall in 8, and so on; so that if a body is immersed in the vessel K it
will produce power by going freely up and down. Let a chest, Fig. 3, with an
aperture, x, in its circular bottom, be placed in a reservoir; if that chest be
suspended like a pendulum at A, or bearing like a cradle on fixed beams, a, b,
or like a mangle on the top of rollers, c, d, without centres; if I move the
chest alternately and regularly in any of those manners or otherwise, the
water will alternately rise out of the chest and enter the upper reservoirs, y and

page_text: 2. If the surrounding water be found an obstacle to the motion, the chest
may be placed out of the reservoir, and be supplied by a syphon above,
or a flexible pipe. under the chest, as seen at q and f, Fig. 5, that pipe
corresponding with the aperture x, Fig. 3. Four or more of these chests,
a, Fig. 4 may likewise be established on a floating circular timber work, with
apertures at ; the intervals 6 between the chests being empty and inac-
cessible to the water, as seen in the section, Fig. 4, No. 2, then, if a
circular and alternate motion from 1 to 2 round the point A be given, the
water will rise, and flow in the parts c, which belong to an upper reservoir, 'd.
Let Fig. 5 be a chest with flat or circular bottom, hanging at y to a beam
y, z, turning at X upon standards B; atz hangs another chest, P, ten feet high,
and only a few inches thick, immersed in the water; X y being to X z as one
to ten; if A contains one hundred cubic feet of water, P ought to contain
little less than ten feet, the bottom of A being nearly level to the surface 1 of
the reservoir. If the water enters gradually in A, the chest will descend to O,
and raise P to S. P being suspended at x, and so contrived that its upper
part when filled be somewhat heavier and when empty somewhat lighter that
its underpart, the consequence will be that when P is disengaged it turns at X,
discharges its water into R, and takes again its former upright situation. But
it must be observed that of whatever materials P may be constructed it must
lose a great part of its weight when in water, for instance, one hundred pounds.
In order to remedy that real disadvantage, I fix in the building a vessel, 1, con-
taining one hundred pounds of water, on a surface only a few inches deep; to
that vessel is fixed an upright pipe 2, united by a flexible pipe at 3 to another
pipe 4, tied upon the part X z of the beam; another pipe 5, containing one
hundred pounds of water, is fastened to the curved part of the beam; by that
means the gravity which P loses, gradually entering into water, is repaired gra-
dually by the water entering the pipe 5, so that an inverse ratio subsists con-
stantly between P and 5. When A is arrived and fastened at O, the sluice or
shuttle a, of the reservoir, and that 6, of the chest, is opened, the front part T,
Figs. 5 and 6, upon which the water acts by its lateral pressure, being dis-
engaged, falls with an increasing power. According to what has been said at
Fig. 2, a rope or chain c, fixed in K, turns a wheel H, by means of a hook i,
which catches the teeth of a ratchet m; one of the vessels 5, is raised in 1,
turns in x, and makes the same effect as P, Fig. 6. Applications --If I can
raise a large quantity of water, for instance, at the height of one foot only,
by the means seen in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, I can employ this water as an
immediate power acting on a common water wheel; but the power which
I can derive from the gravity of A, Fig. 5' being in the order of an arith-

page_text: metical progression, cannot act on machinery but by the mediate assistance
of P, which raises the water to nearly five feet; I dispose, accordingly, an
overshot breast wheel, Figs. 7, 8, and 9, in such a manner that the water be
conveyed in one or two rows of buckets l, by one single or double trough b;
the water enters the buckets at ; they are situated contrary to the usual way,
and their lower part is narrower than the upper part, as seen in Fig. 9; the
side parts are bevelled or inclined, so as to leave between them an interval a,
Fig. 9, by which the water is discharged when each bucket is arrived at X,
Fig. 7, only, which disposition increases considerably the power of the wheel.
But in order to produce the best effect the resistance arising from friction
ought to be reduced as much as possible. To that effect, let A, Fig. 7, 8, and
10, be a chest traversed by the gudgeon b, of a wheel; to that gudgeon is
fixed a hollow cylinder d; if the chest is filled with an incompressible fluid,
and if, besides, the cylinder displaces a volume of that fluid equal to the
weight which in the usual way is supported by the gudgeon, that weight will
be totally transported from the gudgeon to the fluid, and the friction arising
from gravity will be totally reduced. Instead of the cylinder d being fixed to
the axis, it may be independent; the iron axis or even the wooden axletree in
that case turning on its periphery, as seen in A 2 and A 8, Fig. 8 and 11. If
a wheel is revolving horizontally like a mill stone, the cylinder ought to be
fixed either at the under part or at the top of the axis. These wheels, which-
ever of them I employ, must be provided with a cog wheel which turns a
pinion, the axle of which is a crank, or another pinion with teeth upon half
part only of its circumference, which teeth, catching alternately the upper and
under teeth of a double rake, gives the vibration to the chests or front parts by
rods; which means are already well known. The power which is destined to
put in motion these different machines, described in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6,
ought to be considered only as a regulator, which gives the necessary velocity,
engages and disengages at pleasure by any known means, and increases the
effect in giving a regular and isochronal motion.
-In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth
day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight-hundred

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fifth day of March, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Joseph Gaston John Baptiste Count
de Thiville came before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped accord-
ing to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.