CERTAIN IMPROVE MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING COTTON-OR OTHER FIBROUS
Year: 1848

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ERMEN'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I; GODFREY
ANTHONY ERMEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner;
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria," by 'Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster the Eighth day of February, in the eleventh year of Her reign, and in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, did; for
Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the said Godfrey
Anthony Ermen, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Godfrey Anthony Ermeni, my executors, 'administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I; the said Godfrey' Anthony Ermen, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my "Invention of ***CERTAIN IMPROVE
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING COTTON-OR OTHER FIBROUS

page_text: SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said Godfrey Anthony Ermen, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Godfrey Anthony Ermen, do hereby declare that the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the
following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
My Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Twisting Cotton or other
Fibrous Substances relate principally to machinery employed for slubbing,
roving, doubling, and spinning, or any other twisting process wherein spindles
are used; and consist,
First, in the construction and application to such machinery of a certain
novel and improved form or description of bearing bolster, or collar and step,
together with an improved form or construction of support rail or plate for the
same, the bearing or bolster, and rail or plate, being so constructed and ar-
ranged as to allow of the said bearing or bolster inclining its vertical central
line parallel to the central line of the spindle (which passes through it),
by the impulse of the spindle alone or otherwise, and also to revolve or
oscillate.
Secondly, in the construction and application of the aforesaid machinery of a
certain novel and improved form or construction of drag plate or friction
plate, to be formed with or attached to the above-mentioned bearing bolster or
collar, and so constructed and arranged as to be capable of inclining horizontally
at right angles to the central line of the spindle (which revolves within its
centre) by the mere impulse of the spindle or otherwise.
My improvements will be better explained, and the method of carrying the
same into practical effect readily understood, by referring to the Drawing
accompanying these Presents, which is full size, and has figures and letters of
reference marked thereon corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof Fig. 1 is an elevation of an ordinary throstle spindle and flyer,
shewing one method of applying my Invention thereto; and Fig. 2 is a section
shewing more clearly the formation or construction of the drag plate or
friction plate and tube. Fig. 3 is a plan or horizontal view of the bolster or

page_text: bearing; and Fig. 4 a similar view of part of the support rail or plate. Fig. 5
is an elevation of the throstle spindle and flyer, shewing another arrangement
of bearing or bolster, and friction plate or drag plate; and Fig. 6 is an elevation
of a "mule-spindle," shewing a further modification of the bearing or bolster,
and also a different form or construction of support or rail. In Fig. 1, the
line a, b, c, continued in the direction of the dotted line d, e, f, forms a circle.
This circle a, b, c, d, e, f, takes the outline or greatest circumference of a side
view of a globe or ball, whose upper pole is at e, and whose lower pole is at b.
This globe or ball is perforated with a hole of any required diameter, from 6 to e.
9, 9, represents a support rail or plate. This support rail or plate is perforated
with a circular opening h. This opening h may have one or more diameters,
that is, the same may be either bored straight through the rail, or tapered or
curved (as represented in the Drawing); but the greatest diameter thereof
must be less than the greatest diameter of the above specified globe or ball
a, b, c, d, e, f. The upper plate i, in Fig. 6, is constructed exactly in a similar
manner, but inverted. Now take the ball a, b, c, d, e, f, with the spindle
passing through it, and drop it into the spindle 7 of the support or rail g, g,
and it will be obvious that the globe or ball will acquire the double property
of inclining its perpendicular line parallel to the centre line of the spindle, and
also of revolving round its centre according to the impression or impulse given
to it. The plate i, Fig. 6, is applied above the greatest diameter of the globe,
for the purpose of holding down the ball in cases where it may be required.
j,j, is the foot rail, the step kc, and its support 7, and both constructed after the
same principlo laid down above, the ball acquiring the same property of
inclining its vertical line, and also revolving round its centre, according to the
impulse or impression given it. The support is fastened with a set screw,
like any other common spindle step, into the foot rail j, j. In Fig. 1 the
circular dotted lines a, c, the horizontal lines m, m, and the vertical dotted lines
n, n, compose part of the globe, and which part has to be taken therefrom,
leaving a central part, which is a tube (see n, n, Fig. 2), whilst the lines m, m,
represent a straight or curved surface at right angles to the poles of the globe,
and to the central line of the tube. The straight or curved surface m, m, at
right angles to the central line of the globe, may or shall be formed in any
part of the globe betwixt its two poles 6 and e, by taking away some of the
required segments of the globe, as exhibited in. Figs. 1 and 2; and also this.
straight or curved surface at right angles to the central line of the globe may
or shall be formed at its upper pole or above its upper pole, and firmly con-
nected thereto, as represented by the ball o, Fig. 5. The small projections

page_text: p. p, of the ball Fig. 1; have corresponding slots left in the plate or sup-
port 9, 9 (see Fig. 4); and these projections. merely serve to prevent the
ball or bolster from being raised out of its place by any accident during the
working thereof. The shape of the plate g, g, and of the foot rail j, j, or of
the lower part of the bolster ball, or the footstep and its supports, may be
altered; but those parts upon which the properties above specified depend
form the subject.of the present Invention:
•
.1
Having now, described the nature and object of my said improvements, toge-
ther with the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark,
in conclusion, that I claim as my Invention;
. First, the.construction.of a bearing bolster or step, and its application to
spindles for spinning;, doubling, roving, or any twisting process, which bearing
shall have the. property of inclining its central line parallel to the central line
of the internal shaft or spindle,. by the impulse of that shaft or spindle or
otherwise, and. also of. revolving, which two properties are given to the bearing
bolster or step. by assuming its original figure. to be that of a ball, and by 'sup-
porting this ball in or by any point, line, or place, or points, lines, or places,
betwixt its lower pole and its greatest circumference..
...Secondly, I claim the construction of a bearing support, drag plate, or friction
plate, and its application to the. particular purposes of spinning, doubling,
roving, or twisting of any kind, which bearing support, drag plate, or friction
plate shall have the property of .inclining horizontally at right angles to the
central line of the shaft or spindle (which revolves within its centre), by the
mere.impulse of the spindle or otherwise, which property is given to the said
bearing support, drag plate; or. friction plate by assuming its original figure to
be that of a ball, which ball is either furnished with a plate at or above its
upper pole at right, angles. to the central line or its perforated centre; or;
secondly, which ball is.deprived. of some part of its upper hemisphere, by which
means this plate or. bobbin bearing.is formed, and which ball is supported in
or by any point, line, or place, or points, lines, or places, betwixt its lower pole
and its greatest circumference.......
"
. Thirdly, I claim. the construction of a bearing bolster or step, &c. of both
improvements combined, which bearing bolster or step, &c. shall have the pro-
perty of both improvements combined, this being obtained by supporting the
ball-shaped bearing bolsteri or step, with its friction plate and tube, by a
number greater than one of points or lines, or any suitable quantity of
surface.
"
"
Fourthly, I claim any mode of 'supporting and fastening that will allow the

page_text: bearing bolster or step, as qualified by the above-specified claims, to incline its
perpendicular line, and also to revolve.
In witness whereof, I, the said Godfrey Anthony Ermen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-eight..
GODFREY (L.S.) ANTHONY ERMEN.
Taken and acknowledged by Godfrey
Anthony Ermen, at Frankfort /Mayn,
in the Kingdom of Germany, this this
Thirty-first day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and forty, before me,
CHRISTIAN KOCH, (L.S.)
Her Britannic Majesty's Consul.