An Improved Spring Appliance for Harness, Road and other Vehicles, and for other Purposes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Sept., 1889
Complete Specińcation Left, 17th June, 1890-Accepted, 19th July, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Spring Appliance for Harness, Road and other Vehicles,
and for other Purposes.
I, CLEMENT ARTHUR HILL of 114 Industry Road Darnall Sheffield in the County
of York Clerk do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "AN IMPROVED
HARNESS, ROAD
"
SPRING
PURPOSES to be as follows:-
APPLIANCE FOR
AND
OTHER
VEHICLES
AND
FOR
OTHER
This invention relates to an improved spring appliance for attaching to light
and heavy vehicles or harness for the purpose of assisting the movement of the said
vehicles and for avoiding the sudden jerk often caused in starting under the present
system of harnessing the principal object being to make the work easier for the beast
of burthen and consists primarily of a spiral spring or springs of a requisite strength
The said spiral
and movement according to the vehicle and the weight to be drawn.
spring may be made open to compress or contract or close to withdraw or expand as
hereafter described.
In order to effect the object of the appliance by the spiral spring to compress I
form a frame of semi-tubular or other shape or a complete tube having one end closed
as required in the inside of which the spiral spring works upon a sliding bar or pin
in the centre of this frame or tube one end of the bar or pin passing through one
end of the frame or tube. The spring is compressed between one end of the frame
or tube and one end of the centre pin or bar which has a nut or other stop at this
end and the compression is effected by the frame or tube and the sliding bar being
pulled from opposite ends. These outer ends of the said frame or tube and sliding
bar may be made to form an eye or hook to receive the harness attachments or the
outer end of the frame may be open and expanded a sufficient width to admit the end
of a leather trace which would be secured to the apparatus by a screw pin passing
through holes in each side of this end of the frame and through an eye formed in the
end of the trace to receive this screw pin. In the case of the frame or tube being
made to affix to the vehicle the said frame or tube would be formed with flanges and
holes or otherwise for the purpose of affixing it to the said vehicle and in such a
case if found desirable the sliding bar could pass through both ends of the frame or
tube abutting a sufficient distance through or beyond the same to admit of the
compression of the spring without the result of withdrawing the end of the sliding
bar out of the frame.
This spiral spring to compress may also be affixed to the vehicle by brackets one
at each end of the spring the sliding bar upon which the spring works passing through
holes in each end of these brackets.
If found desirable two or more spiral springs may be used together the frames in
connection with which being joined by a swivel or loose joint arrangement or
otherwise.
This spiral spring to compress may also be used in conjunction with an ordinary
shaped carriage spring in manner following:-I affix the carriage spring at the
centre of the same to the cross-piece or bar at the bottom of the shafts or to which
in the case of a four-wheeled vehicle the traces are usually attached. Between each
end of the long spring and the said cross piece I insert a spiral spring. I then
pass pins or bolts of a requisite length through holes in the crosspiece down the
centre of the spiral springs and through holes in each end of the long spring on
the outside of which these pins or bolts are secured by a screw nut or otherwise
the other ends of these screw nuts or bolts forming eyes or hooks for the chain or
Traces to be attached to or if necessary a swivel arrangement may be formed at
the said ends instead..

page_text: An arrangement of frame or tube adapted to affix to the cross piece of a vehicle
the spiral spring being compressed by pins or bolts and the long spring being
dispensed with may also be used.
The nut or other stop which secures the spiral spring to the sliding bar may
be made of a suitable shape to fit and slide inside or upon the frame or tube thereby
keeping the spring in proper position. In the case of a semi-tubular frame or a
tube arrangement being made use of the nut would be circular and by turning in
the frame or tube would act in the place of a swivel in addition to keeping the
spring in proper position or the latter object may be attained by the use of a different
arrangement of frame such as two tubular parts sliding into or upon each other which
compress the springs between the closed ends of the said parts the opposite ends
being open and to which are attached the harness or a swing arrangement of
frame for the sliding bar upon which the spring works to swing loose in the frame.
could be adapted thereby doing away with the necessity of a guiding arrangement for
the sliding bar as provided by the sliding nut as the proper working position of the
said sliding bar would be determined by the action of the pull or draw upon the
same.
The spiral spring to compress may also be constructed to work upon the outside as
well as in the inside of a frame arrangement or upon a bar or tube if found
desirable.
In all the foregoing cases the apparatus may be put together in such a manner
that the spring may be easily removeable for the purpose of inserting new springs
thus obviating the expense of a new frame when the spring is worn out.
The open spiral spring may also be made to contract inside a frame as required by
means of an arm or lever attachment which when applied bears against the end of
the outer ring of one end of the spiral spring the said end being bent out to fit
or rest against the arm or lever the other end of the spiral spring being bent
likewise to bear against an abutment in the frame so that contraction is effected
at both ends of the spring simultaneously the said contraction acting upon each
end of the spiral spring in opposite directions. This said arm or lever may work in or
through a slot in the frame and may form at the outer end an eye or hook for
the harness attachment. The frame itself can be made of any suitable shape for
attaching or affixing to any kind of vehicle.
In the construction of the close spiral spring to withdraw or expand I form a frame
or tube as required in the inside or upon the outside of which the close spiral spring
is made to expand. The spring is expanded by being pulled from the one end by the
frame or tube to which it is attached and from the other end by a bar or other
attachment passing through a hole or slot in the opposite end of the said frame or
tube. The outer ends of this said frame or tube and centre or sliding bar may be
made to form an eye or hook to receive the harness attachinents or the outer end of
the frame may be opened a sufficient width to admit the end of a leather trace which
would be secured to the apparatus by a screw pin in the manner already described for
the open spiral spring. Where the frame or tube arrangement was made to affix to
the vehicle it would be forined with flanges or holes for the purpose of so affixing
it. This expanding spiral spring may also be affixed to the vehicles by brackets one
at each end of the spring which would be affixed at one end to a sliding bar and
at the other end to a bracket the said sliding bar passing through holes in each
of these brackets.
The close spiral spring may also work by being withdrawn from each end upon the
outside of a bar or tube round which the spring is twisted the said bar or tube
having a slot from side to side at each end through which said slots are passed the
ends of the spiral spring after being carried round the outside ends of the bar or
tube to form a loop, the said ends of the spiral spring which pass through these slots
terminating just beyond the outside of the coil of the spring at the point where it is
turned up to form a loop or these said ends may be continued round the bar or tube
or carried up outside the end of the same to form a double loop. The spring can
only be pulled so far open as a check is imposed when the part which passes inside

page_text: the slot is pulled against the extremity of the said slot. If desirable one end of the
spiral spring could be inade fast to one end of the tube or bar which could then be
made to form an eve or hook at that end.
If found desirable two or more expanding spiral springs may be used together
the frames in connection with which being joined by a swivel or other arrange-
ment as described for the open spiral spring.
The expanding spiral spring may also be used in conjunction with an ordinary
carriage spring which is affixed to the crosspiece of the vehicle at the centre of the
same as previously described. To each end of this carriage spring is affixed one end
of a closed spiral spring the other ends of the spiral springs having attached a bar or
pin forming at the outer end an eye or hook or other arrangement to receive the trace
end or barness attachments. This arrangement may be affixed behind the crosspiece
of the vehicle or to the front side of the same as described.
An arrangement of frame or tube adapted to affix to the crosspiece of the vehicle
for the expanding spiral spring to work in, the long spring being dispensed with,
may also be used.
By preference in each case the expanding spiral spring may be affixed to the frame
bar or tube in such a manner that the said frame bar or tube whichever is used may
serve to act as a stop or check to prevent the said spring being pulled out beyond its
strength or beyond a requisite movement of expansion. Or, an ordinary close single
or double spiral spring having self or other loop or hook ends, but without being
affixed to a frame bar or tube as aforesaid may be used.
The essential feature of this invention is the use and application of the spiral spring
which may be made of any required size and strength or to any shape or section and
of any required material the frames or attachments used in connection herewith being
likewise of any required shape and material. It is further provided that the different
arrangements for fastening the apparatus to the vehicle itself may be so devised and
made that it may be easily attached and detached by means of an arrangement of
holes and pins or catches or otherwise in order to obviate the necessity of taking out
the bolts or screws or whatever may form part of the affixed fastenings.
This invention may be made for attaching or affixing to all kinds of traces hame-
chains britchbands backbands collar or pole straps or any other necessary part of
harness and may be adapted to railway waggons tram-cars vans drays lurries
carts waggons carriages and other required vehicles drawn by animal steam or
other power, and may also be applied to dog chains and similar articles.
Dated this 16th day of September 1889.
GARLICK & MCGOWAN,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Spring Appliance for Harness, Road and other Vehicles,
and for other Purposes.
I CLEMENT ARTHUR HILL of 114 Industry Road Darnall Sheffield in the County of
York do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "AN IMPROVED SPRING
APPLIANCE FOR HARNESS ROAD AND OTHER VEHICLES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an "Improved spring appliance for attaching to harness
and vehicles to assist the movement of road and other vehicles and for neutralising
the sudden shocks to which the draught animals are ordinarily exposed when starting
or stopping the same, and for other purposes. In the construction of this invention
I utilize mainly a compound or combination spiral spring or springs as hereinafter
described, and I may also in some cases make use of a simple spiral spring working
either by compression, contraction or extension. I may also use these said springs
in combination with an ordinary curved plate spring as shewn. I affix or attach

page_text: the different forms and combinations of springs 'in connection with suitable frames,
cases and contrivances according to the various specific applications of the said springs
as herein described.
The action of the specified forms and combinations of springs in the case of being
attached to the draw gear is to exert a strong continuous pressure upon the load or
upon the vehicle and by distributing the movement of starting over a longer period
of time renders the work of moving the load or vehicle easier and also avoids the
sudden jerk caused in starting under the ordinary system of harnessing. When
applied to the backing gear these springs neutralise the sudden shock to the draught
animal and the vibrating strain on the vehicle when the carriage is brought to a
sudden stop.
This invention is designed to attach chiefly between the harness and the vehicle
and may be attached or affixed to all kinds of traces, hame chains, to the hames
themselves, breeching straps, backbands, collar or pole straps and chains or to any
convenient part or parts of the harness and draw gear, or it may be attached or affixed
to any kind of vehicle to which the harness is connected.
This invention is adapted to carriages, cars, vans, lorries, carts, waggons and
vehicles of every description drawn by animal, steam or other power. This appliance
may also be used for affixing to dog chains and also to any kind of chains for reducing
the strain upon the same, especially in the case of dead weights being connected
thereto.
In the construction of patterns shown in Figs. 1 to 17 inclusive I make use of the
compound or combination spiral spring as hereinafter specified and illustrated for the
following reasons:--
A more elastic movement is obtained than with a simple spring.
The combination in one or more springs of the compression and extension action in
a direct line preserves the integrity and elastic quality of the springs in a greater
degree than is the case with the simple spring whatever devices may be employed to
protect the same. This is on account of the reflex action obtainable by the springs
acting one against the other in the manner shewn.
Greater force or power and precision of action is obtainable with the compound or
combination arrangement than with a simple spring of the same core diameter and
gauge of wire, as the combination movement of the same acts as a compelling,
controlling, and equable force. A spring constructed in this manner will therefore do
its work better and last longer thau a simple spring.
With regard to Figs. 18 to 27 inclusive I may make use of the simple open or close
With reference
spiral spring or the compound or combination springs at discretion.
to Figs. 27 to 35 I utilize a simple spiral spring working by contraction from each
end as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shews the compound arrangement which works by withdrawing the slide
or draw rod A at each end, the said rods working inside the tube B, the spring C
being wound round the outside of the tube and passing through slant slots D in
the tube and holes in the said rods. The sketch shows the compound arrangement
of spring, the middle portion of which works on the extension principle by the pull
on the draw rods and compresses the end portions simultaneously in proportion to the
pulling strain on the said rods.
The extreme limit of action of the spring is determined when the open portions are
closed up against the stop constituted by the collar E which is made fast to each end
of the tube. If found desirable the spring may be covered by a thin tube of some
light material which would be fastened on to the collars at each end of the apparatus.
This figure shews the application of a compound spring which consists in the
operation of the extension portion in the middle of the apparatus and the compression
at each end; but in this and all other patterns the form of the compound or
combination spring may also consist in the one part being extension and the other
part compression as illustrated in Fig. 6 the proportion of each being regulated as
found desirable. This combined action may also be obtained by the use of separate
close and open springs in combination as shewn at Fig. 8 and other illustrations, this

page_text: also applies to all patterns in connection with which the combination action is made
use of as found convenient in the construction of the different arrangements.
Fig. 2 shews the tube B belonging to above having slant slots D and hole for the
pin which fastens the collar E. This collar may also be fastened to the tube in any
other convenient manner.
Fig. 3 shews the collar E.
Fig. 4 shews the plan of the draw rod the end of which may form an eye or hook
or swivel attachment to receive the harness conuections.
Fig. 5 shews precisely the same arrangement as Fig. 1 except that the stop at each
end of the spring is secured in a different manner, wiz. :-by the end of the spring
being turned in through the tube and slide or draw rods which have slots to allow
for their proper working.
Fig. 6 shews the compound spring working on the outside of two half tubes F,
which slide into each other the section of which is shewn at Fig. 10. The spring
is twisted round the outside of the tubular parts and passes through holes in both
sides of one of the said parts. It is coiled at one end in the form of an open
spring and at the other end in the form of a close spring. When the said tubular
parts are withdrawn from each other the close portion of the spring is extended and
compresses the open portion against the lugs or stops G. The opposite end of the
spring being secured by passing it through a hole H in the hook or eye or in any
other convenient manner.
Fig. 7 shews a compound spring working on the outside of a semi-tubular frame
at one end of which is a swivel link for the harness connection the other end being
open to admit a draw bar which works the spring in precisely the same manner as
shewn at Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 shews at one end the form of close and open spiral springs working in
combination and at the other end one form of the compound spring. Hook pins I,
connected with the eyes on the outside of the apparatus engage with the end coil of
the close portions which when withdrawn extend the same and compress the open
parts against the closed ends of the tube. The said ends of the tube may be closed by
means of screw caps J or otherwise. The compound spring may also be secured to the
draw pins by being passed through holes in the said pins similarly as shewn in
connection with Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 shews the same tubular arrangement of apparatus as Fig. 6 in the inside
instead of upon the outside of which the compound or combination form of spring
works. In this case the apparatus has a hook pin inserted through the outer end the
hook portion being affixed in the inside of the same and is coupled with the end coil of
the extension spring as shewn in Fig. 11 which when extended compresses the open
portion against a stop K secured in the inside of the other tubular part of the apparatus
as shewn. The opposite end of the spring being secured to its part in any convenient
manner. The adaptation of the compound or combination spring in this manner
secures a light apparatus which is in a compact tubular form and also affords a cover
for the spring.
Fig. 10 shews the tubular cover arrangement in section.
Fig. 11 shews the combination form of spring working inside a semi-tubular frame
suitable for attaching to leather traces and the like. One end of the arrangement is
expanded or bent out flat at each side to a sufficient width to receive the end of a
leather trace which may be secured by a bolt and nut L or by a screw pin as shewn
in Fig. 12. The slide or draw rod terininates at the outer end with an eye, hook or
swivel attachment to receive the end of a chain and may have a hook in the inside to
engage with the close portion of the spring or any other suitable device may be made
use of for the said connection, the other end of the spring being secured to its place as
shewn or in any convenient manner.
The advantages of this semi-tubular frame arrangement are neatness, strength and
elegance of appearance.
This arrangement is also very easily attached to a leather trace for which it is
especially adapted. The sides of this frame being in a semi-tubular form offer great

page_text: resistance to pressure and the frame is much stronger than if made with straight
sides. If desired the two sides of the frame may be inade to meet forming a kind of
split tube.
Fig. 12 is a pattern designed to attach to hame chains, to the wings of the hames or
to chain and other traces and the like. It is precisely similar to Fig. 11 except that
the attachment at the open end is different. The said attachment forms an eye or
hook or swivel arrangement to receive the end of a chain or otherwise and is made to
fit into the open end of the frame to which it is secured by a screw pin L which
passes through corresponding holes in the said attachment and open end of the
frame as shewn.
Fig. 13 is an arrangement having the outside frame formed in one piece with closed
ends and having straight parallel sides. In this case a slide nut M with projections
which work in slots in the frame, has attached thereto a hook which is coupled with
the end coil of the closed spring. The draw bar A is screwed or otherwise secured to
the hook nut and when the same is pulled out the hook arrangement of the said nut
extends the coils of the closed spring and compresses the open one. Other suitable
devices may also be employed for attaching and keeping the spring or springs in
position.
Fig. 14 is a plan of Fig. 13 shewing slot N.
Fig. 15 is a form of frame consisting of two or more bars O having at each end a
plate P for holding the bars in position, projecting a little above and below the said
bars are sinall flanges Q being part of the plates having holes for screws or bolts by
which this appliance can be affixed to the vehicle. Working in the said frame on the
top and bottom har is a slide hook arrangement M, having attached to the centre
thereof a rod, which engages with the end coil of the close spring. One end of this
rod passes through one of the plates P. The outer end being bent to form an eye or
hook to receive the end of a chain or trace, the inner end being attached to a slide as
aforesaid. This pattern would be useful for affixing to road vehicles of almost any
description and also to railway waggons and carriages.
Fig. 16 is an arrangement on the same principle as the foregoing patterns but the
spring or springs work inside a tube and is useful for affixing permanently to vehicles,
railway waggons and the like. The ends of this tube are closed or covered in by
brackets R fitting on to and secured on each end which also form flanges or ears on
each side below the tube, having holes through which to pass bolts or screws for
affixing the apparatus in its desired position. Any compound or combination spring
arrangement shewn or described may be affixed inside this pattern in any convenient
manner.
Fig. 17 shews an end section of this arrangement.
An arrangement similar to Fig. 16 but with only one affixing socket or flange which
is made fast round the middle of the tube may be utilized for affixing to broughams
and other carriages where the apparatus has to be affixed to the splinter bar. In
this arrangement one end of the tube would be closed excepting for a hole to pass
the slide bar through, the other end of the tube or case would be open to admit the
spring but could be closed up by a screw cap.
The compound spring is applied to this pattern in any convenient manner.
A covered arrangement of frame with affixing brackets to affix to vehicles in the
same manner as Fig. 16 but made in one piece with an open side at which is inserted,
the spring, the said open side being placed against the part of the vehicle may also be
made use of in connection with the compound and combination form of spiral spring.
The utility of the cover arrangement is that it keeps out dust etc. and preserves the
inside parts from the action of the weather. But in cases where a very cheap appliance
is desired this compound spring may be affixed to vehicles simply by two brackets one
at each end of the spring, the slide or draw rod working through holes in each of these
brackets, the close portion of the spring being affixed at one end in any convenient
manner to the bracket. It may however be found desirable to cover the majority of
the patterns described and for that purpose any pattern may have a thin.tubular cover
made of some light material.

page_text: Fig. 18 shews the side elevation of a tubular socket arrangement for affixing to the
splinter bar of a vehicle. Either the simple compression or extension or any form of
compound or combination spiral spring may be used in connection with this pattern.
This arrangement has a flange S through which are holes for screws to be inserted in
order to affix this apparatus. At the part which constitutes the flange is a core T
corresponding to the diameter of the slide bar or pin A for same to pass through. At
one side of the flange is a tube of a requisite size for the desired spring to work in,
having the end Y where the spring is inserted open, the other side forming a taper
socket to fit into the splinter bar. The open end may be covered by a screw cap. In
the case of a simple compression spring being used, the draw pin may be secured
behind the spring by a circular screw nut which compresses the spring against the
inside of the tubular part in the vicinity of the flange. When an extension or
compound spiral spring is used the same may be connected to its parts in any convenient
manner. For instance the screw cap which covers the open end may have affixed in
the inside a hook or eye to serve as a coupling for the end of the said extension or
compound spring.
Fig. 19 shews an end view of Fig. 18.
A tubular arrangement to affix to the front side of the splinter bar or to the front
of the vehicle may also be made use of in connection with any form of spiral spring
described. This arrangement is somewhat similar to the preceding one being a flanged
tubular arrangement by which said flange it is affixed to the vehicle. The inside of
this arrangement is however of a parallel diameter throughout on both sides of the
flange, being open at that end which is placed against the vehicle so as to adinit the
spring. The other end of this apparatus is closed but has a hole for the slide or draw
bar to work through.
Fig. 20. This figure shews a tubular case which is connected with a pivot arrange-
ment so as to leave the spring at liberty to work free at any angle. With regard to
this pattern I may use either a single spiral spring to compress or extend or a
compound or combination spring.
Fig. 21 illustrates a spring chain arrangement. This arrangement consists of a
series of frames somewhat resembling flat chain links (or said links or frames may
he of any adaptable pattern) having a hole at one end and an attachment at the other.
Through this said hole is passed a slide bar upon which the spring works inside the
frame. That end of the slide bar abutting beyond the outside of the frame is con-
nected with the attachment which forms the connection between the frames, which
said connection may be in the form of a swivel or loose joint arrangement. Either
the simple compression or extension or the compound or combination spiral spring
may be used, in this manner either separately or any one kind of spiral spring
described may be affixed in alternate links of the chain. That is to say I may make
a chain arrangement as specified in connection with which I may use the simple com-
pression spring, suitable devices being employed for keeping it and the draw bar in
position. Or I may also alternate the application of any two or the three kinds of
springs by affixing the same alternately inside the links of the chain, or if desired I
may for instance vary the construction of this arrangement by applying any form of
spiral spring described to alternate or to any greater or less number of the links or
parts of the chain to suit the purpose for which the spring chain arrangement may be
used, and in connection with which purpose it may be considered desirable to vary its
construction. The intermediate links in which one or other kind of spring is not
affixed could he made smaller than those in which the spring is affixed and also need
not be of the same pattern of link. The denomination "spring chain arrangement
as regards this pattern is meant to refer to any of the arrangements specified or other-
wise indicated in which two or more links or parts of the chain arrangement have
affixed therein one or other kind of spiral spring described. This spring chain
arrangement may take the form shewn at Fig. 21 or be of any pattern coming within
the denomination "chain arrangement" to which it may be convenient to apply the
springs as shewn and described. The spring chain may be advantageously used in
place of the hame chains now in use which are attached to the hames or wings of the

page_text: .
hames on the horse collars and which are generally used for heavy draught purposes.
This arrangement is capable of a diversity of applications and may be used for
britching and shunting purposes and sling gear work generally, or any other specific
purpose. In the other arrangements designed to attach to hamnes it is frequently
difficult where a strong spring is required to construct an apparatus of sufficiently
limited dimensions not to interfere with the free action of the horse, as a cumber-
some apparatus is liable to bruise the sides of the horse by falling between it and the
shafts.
Figs. 22 & 23 shew a combination spring attachment to affix to the splinter bar of
a vehicle or in any other desirable manner. In this arrangement I use a curved plate
spring U consisting of one or more leaves similarly as shewn, in combination with a
simple compression or extension or a compound or combination form of spiral spring
as previously described. This figure shews the curved spring affixed at its centre to
the splinter bar of the vehicle by a bolt V and at each end of this spring between it
and the splinter bar is placed a simple, compound or combination spiral spring being
secured in their place in any convenient manner. The whole is operated upon by
draw pins which in the case of simple open spiral springs being used causes each end
of the plate spring to compress the intermediate spiral spring. The action of the
simple extension spiral springs is to expand from the ends of the plate spring to which
they are attached. In this case a sufficient distance has to be allowed between the
ends of the plate spring and the splinter bar for the requisite movement of the springs
or this arrangement may be affixed to the front side of the splinter bar. In the case
of the compound or combination spiral spring being used as an intermediate, the close
portion is conveniently attached to the ends of the plate spring and the draw pins,
the open portions of the said spiral springs being compressed against the splinter
bar. If desired the spiral springs used in connection with this arrangement may be
covered by a telescopic tube for the purpose of protecting and better keeping the
springs in position. This combination arrangement will be found very useful for
attaching to country carts and the like and also for heavy weights, in connection with
lorries &c. and may be affixed underneath the body of the vehicle or in any other
convenient position.
Fig. 24 shows the adaptation of the compound spring fixed inside the frame of the
undercarriage of a vehicle. The simple compression or extension spiral spring may
also be used in the same manner. This sketch shews at W an arrangement of draw
pin for the trace attachment and at X an arrangement of draw pin for the shaft to
work the spring. It also shews here the combination draw and buffer spring J¹. The
several forms of springs may be placed inside a suitable case or frame of any required
pattern and these suitably affixed in the frame of the undergearing of the vehicle or
à separate frame for the spring to work in may be dispensed with and suitable devices
employed for securing the draw bar and spring in their place, with the addition of a
stop plate for the said springs to abut against. These arrangements can be affixed
for the spring to work at any given angle.
Fig. 25 shews a combination form of spiral spring working inside a case or frame
made in any suitable shape or section for attaching at Z to the end of a carriage shaft.
The other end of the apparatus is to be connected to the vehicle and may take any
desirable form. Although the compound spring. is shewn in this figure a simple
extension or compression spring may be used. In the case of a simple compression
spring suitable guide arrangements would be made use of to keep the draw bar and
spring in position, as for instance' a slide nut formed to suit the required section of
frame or case.
Fig. 26. is like the preceding one except that it has the addition of an open spiral
spring to act as a buffer spring at J¹. The draw spring may take the form of a
simple compression or extension or of a compound or combination spiral spring.
Fig. 27 is similar to Fig. 26 except that the buffer spring J' is affixed inside the
frame or case and is compressed by the backward movement of the draw bar between
the nut or washer and the end of the frame.
Figs. 25, 26 and 27 may be affixed to the shafts of any kind of vehicle to which it

page_text: may be found desirable to apply them. The connections for attaching the same to the
vehicle will vary accordingly.
Fig. 28 shews the plan of an arrangement composed of a short spiral spring fixed,
vertically between two wooden, blocks which blocks are held in position by means of:a
top and bottom plate bolted together; fixed on the bottom plate is a hook arm or
lever having a flat base upon which is cast a tube round which the said spring fits.
The top plate has cast to it a projection which fits into the tube.
The said spring is open and each end is bent and projects beyond the spring. The
ends of this spring catch against projections on the top plate and on the base of the
hook or arin so that when the hook arm working at the bottom of the frame is
puiled, it causes the spring to contract, thus giving a similar action to a spring placed
in a horizontal position. This arrangement is fitted in the frame of the undercarriage
of vehicles, and may be inverted, and the hook arm or lever work from the top of the
frame if desired.
Fig. 29 is a front view in elevation of Fig. 28 shewing the spring A¹, top plate B¹,
and bottom plate C, and the hook or eye D¹, also the catch pin E' on the top plate
for holding the spring A¹.
Fig. 30 is a front elevation shewing the spring with the bent ends F¹.
Figs. 31 and 32 shew the wood blocks G¹.
Fig. 33 shews the arrangement which is first enclosed in a case H¹ let into a
splinter bar of a vehicle to which this pattern may be otherwise conveniently
affixed.
Fig. 34 shews the same arrangement inside a case H¹ which has a square key A'
at the bottom of the same designed to drop into corresponding holes in the ends of a
swingletree and the like purposes; other practicable devices may be employed for
securing the apparatus under similar requirements.
Fig. 35 shews a section or plan of case adapted to affix to the sides of a shaft or .
underneath the body of a vehicle.
It is obvious froin the manifold applications of this invention that the springs,
frames, cases and connections constituting the different forms of the appliance will
require to be varied in size and strength and the whole must therefore be in conformity
with the specific purpose or purposes to which it is intended to apply the different
arrangements.
As regards the spiral springs used I may make them from steel of a round, square,
or any other adaptable section and as regards the shape of the said spiral springs
although I have shewn in the drawings only the circular or round pattern, I may also
make them of an oval, cone or any other practical pattern; the frames cases and
connections belonging to the same being varied in construction relatively so as to be
adapted for aud suit the particular shape of the spring or springs used. The frames,
cases and connections themselves may be made of any required material. It is further
provided that the different arrangements for fastening to the vehicle may be so
devised and made that they can be easily attached and detached by means of an arrange-
ment of holes and pins or catches or otherwise; in order to obviate the necessity of
taking out the bolts or screws which may form part of the affixed fastenings.
Although in this specification the special utility of the different patterns of frames
and cases are indicated I may construct and use the berein specified arrangements of
this invention severally and collectively in any way that may he deemed expedient for
the various specific purposes named.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The compound close and open spiral spring, and the use in combination of close
and open spiral springs substantially as described and shewn for the purposes
named.
2. The application of the compound and combination spiral springs in conjunction
with the specified connection arrangements or any suitable form of frame, case, or

page_text: attachments for attaching or affixing to any required part of the harness or draw
gear and also for permanently or otherwise affixing or attaching to the required part
of any kind of vehicle or its connections.
3. The use at discretion of a simple compression or extension or of a compound or
combination spiral spring or springs in connection with patterns shewn at Figs. 18
to 27 inclusive or any other similar arrangement.
4. The use in connection with a plate spring similarly as shewn. The said plate
spring consisting of one or more plates or leaves of a simple extension or com-
pression or of a compound or combination spiral spring or springs at discretion.
5. As a feature of novelty the use of simple compression, extension, compound and
combination springs in the variations and connections substantially as described with
regard to the arrangement denominated "A spring chain arrangement'
for any
desired purpose.
"
6. The use of simple compression, extension, compound and combination spiral
springs with or without interposed buffer springs aflixed inside the undercarriage of
vehicles designed for either the trace or shaft attachment substantially as shewn at
Fig. 24 and described.
7. The use of a draw spring for affixing to the end of vehicle shafts as shewn at
Figs. 25 to 27 and described with or without an interposed buffer spring. Also the
application of this principle of combination draw and buffer springs for trucks and
railway waggons and carriages and like uses.
8. The use of circular or other slide nut arrangements and similar devices for
keeping the spiral spring or springs and draw bar in proper position when and where
desirable.
9. The application of a simple spiral spring made to contract by the operation of an
arm or lever connection substantially in the manner described and shewn at Figs. 28 to
35-affixed inside the undercarriage of a vehicle, to the shafts and underneath the body,
and at or in the splinter bar of a vehicle and in fact generally in conjunction with any
suitable form of case, frame or attachments for affixing in the required position to
any kind of vehicle, also in a suitable form of case similarly as shewn at Fig. 34 for
attaching or affixing to swingle-trees and the like.
10. The exact forms and designs of cases, frames and covers described and shewn
as adapted for the specific application of a spring apparatus to harness and vehicles
for the purposes named, the desirable limit of action of the springs connected with
which can be governed by the limits imposed upon the said springs in the construction
of the frames, cases and connections and in the devices employed in the affixture of
the same.
11. The use of oval, cone or other shaped spiral springs in conjunction with suitable
frames cases and connection arrangements if, when and where desired for the purpose
named.
12. The use of the apparatus as applied to chains lifting dead weights &c.
1
GARLICK & MOGOWAN,
Agents for the Applicants.