PROCESS FOR MAKING BREAD
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Crum and Charles Paul, both of Hudson,
in the County of Columbia, and State of New York, for the Invention
of "PROCESS FOR MAKING BREAD."
Sealed the 18th April 1856, and dated the 16th November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Crum and Charles
Paul at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th November 1855.
We, CHARLES CRUM & CHARLES PAUL, of Hudson, in the County of
Columbia, & State of New York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "PROCESS FOR MAKING BREAD" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in taking the dough after being mixed & kneaded
in the usual way for making bread, & keeping it in fermentation for six
hours or more, until it has reached the acetous state, & become unfit for use
in the ordinary process; we then take the dough in such acetous state, add
to it one-fifth of its weight of dry fresh flour, & without any additional water
mix & break it rapidly & very thoroughly through rollers, cut & pierce it in
the cutting machine, & after a slight fermentation, say, 30 to 40 minutes,
according to the temperature of the room, in the open air, bake it in a quick
oven, which must be ventilated by an open door or other apparatus to admit
& discharge the air freely. By this process we have succeeded in making a new

page_text: & superior article of bread. We use in making the dough about 95 lbs. of
water to 200 lbs. of flour, & from this weight make usually 282 lbs. of baked
bread. This Invention may be applied to all kinds of flour of which bread is
made.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Crum and Charles Paul in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
CRUM and CHARLES PAUL, both of Hudson, in the County of Columbia, and
State of New York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Charles Crum and Charles Paul, Her special licence that we, the
said Charles Crum and Charles Paul, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Crum and Charles Paul,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "PROCESS FOR MAKING BREAD," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles Crum and Charles Paul,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Crum and Charles Paul, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in taking the dough after it has been mixed and
kneaded in the usual way for making bread, and keeping it in fermentation
for about six hours or more, until it has reached the acetous state, and become

page_text: unfit for use in the ordinary process, when we add to it one-fifth of its
weight of dry fresh flour, and without any additional water mix and break it
rapidly and very thoroughly through rollers, cut and pierce it in a cutting
machine, or by other means, and after a slight fermentation in an uncovered
state exposed freely to the air, say, for thirty (30) to forty (40) minutes,
according to the temperature of the room, to raise it, bake it in a quick oven,
which should be ventilated by an open door or other means of admitting and
discharging the air freely. By this process a superior article of bread is
produced. We use in making the dough about ninety-five (95) pounds of
water to two hundred (200) pounds of flour, and from this weight make
usually two hundred and eighty-two (282) pounds of baked bread. The
Invention is applicable in making bread from any kind of flour of which bread
may be made, producing the same beneficial result in the use of all kinds.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said Invention of
process of making bread, we desire it to be distinctly understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise details herein described, as such may be
varied or modified without departing from the principle of action thereof; but
we claim as new, and of our Invention, the process of allowing the dough to
ferment till it passes into the acetous state, then reviving it by working and
breaking into it fresh dry unfermented flour, afterwards cutting and piercing it,
and raising it while exposed freely to the air, and baking in an open or freely
ventilated oven, substantially as herein described; and this we claim in its
application to wheat flour, or any other flour of which bread may be made.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Crum and Charles Paul, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six (1856).
Witness,
C. H. PAUL
CHARLES CRUM. (Ls.)
CHARLES PAUL.
(L.S.)