matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING 'TILTS' FOR CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Hudson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1868.
I, ISAAC HUDSON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-ACTING 'TILTS' FOR CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER RECEPTACLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of tilting barrels or other
receptacles containing liquor by self-acting means as the liquor is drawn
therefrom, and the improvements consist in supporting the barrel on a
swivel stand and connecting the hind portion of the barrel or other
receptacle by means of a hook and chain to a quadrant secured to or
forming the end of a lever which is supported on a shaft, rod, or pivot
that forms the fulcrum of such lever, the projecting end of which on the
opposite side of the fulcrum being supplied with an adjustable counterpoise
suitable to barrels or vessels of any capacity, the weight of the coun-
terpoise representing about three-fourths of the liquor in the barrel,
thus after a quarter of the quantity of liquor has been drawn off the

page_text: balance end of the lever proportionately descends, thereby tilting the
barrel, the elevation of which, and the depression of the lever counter-
poise as such liquor is withdrawn, preventing the same being agitated
or disturbed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND DRYING CHAMBERS OR SHEDS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mansfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1868.
I, WILLIAM MANSFIELD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND DRYING CHAMBERS OR SHEDS TO BE USED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY," to be
as follows:-
My Invention has reference to such kilns for burning bricks and other
articles made of clay as consist of a series of ovens arranged in an
annular form, the flues conveying the waste heat and products of com-
bustion from the several ovens being arranged in the form of radii, and
communicating with a central or other stack or shaft. In the ordinary
method of constructing the said kilns the annular space between the
ovens and the central stack is usually filled up with earth, the radial
flues described passing to the central stack under the earth in the said
annular space.

page_text: My Invention consists in making the said annular space between the
ovens and the stack into a series of chambers, under which the flues
from the ovens pass and heat the said chambers by the waste heat from
the ovens. I employ these chambers as drying sheds or drying chambers
for drying the bricks or other articles preparatory to burning. Entrance
is gained to the said chambers or sheds either from the top or by
horizontal passages from the ovens. In using my improved kiln and
drying chambers or sheds the workman makes and stacks the bricks or
other articles in one of the said chambers or sheds near the oven that
has been last fired, and from which the burnt bricks have been removed,
and as the annular ovens containing bricks are fired in succession so the
workman follows, filling the successive drying chambers or sheds with
bricks. By the time the firing has arrived at the oven near which the
first drying chamber or shed was filled with bricks the bricks in the said
chamber or shed are sufficiently dry to be put in the oven and burned.
The making and drying and burning of the bricks or articles is thus a
continuous operation performed in the series of drying chambers or sheds
and annular ovens. When from the nature of the ground level or other
cause it is more convenient to obtain access to the drying chambers or
sheds by horizontal passages instead of from the roofs of the chambers
or sheds it is necessary to make an opening or passage in the inner wall,
or side of each oven opposite to the passage ordinarily made in the outer
wall or side. After the bricks or articles in the drying chamber or shed
have been transferred to the adjacent oven the said inner passage is
closed until the burning process is completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Christopher Leaver at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th July 1868.
I, JOSEPH CHRISTOPHER LEAVER, of Number 6, Queen Street Place,
Upper Thames Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the sleepers on which the rails rest
flexible so that they may readily accommodate themselves to changes of
gradient and inequalities in the ground on which they are laid, and give
a more equally distributed bearing on the ground, and I accomplish this
by supporting the rails on longitudinal sleepers which are made flexible
in the direction of their length in the manner herein-after described.
The said longitudinal sleepers are constructed as follows:-Bars of
wood, iron, or other suitable substance, as long as the width of the longi.
tudinal sleeper, are placed side by side. Two or more sets of holes
are bored through these bars in the direction of the length of the
longitudinal sleeper, through which wires are passed so as to string the

page_text: bars firmly together. At intervals antar is made long enough to be
carried across from the sleeper of one line of rails to that of the other,
so as to connect them, that is, at the intervals one end of a long bar
forms a part of the sleeper of one line of rails, and the other end forms
a part of the sleeper of the other line of rails. Where the materials
are sufficiently cheap all the bars may be carried across from one line
of rails to the other, in the same manner as those above described as
being carried across at intervals. The formation of the sleepers as above
described renders them flexible in the direction of their length sufficient
for the purposes above mentioned. The rails may be bolted on to the
sleepers, but I prefer to interpose a light bar of oak or some tough wood
running in the direction of the rails between the rails and the sleepers.
A railway supported on sleepers constructed in the manner above
described is particularly adapted for a line where cheapness is a great
desideratum and the traffic is light. It is also well adapted for temporary
lines as it accommodates itself very readily to the inequalities of the
ground on which it is laid, is very light, and can be easily taken to pieces
and refixed.
AN IMPROVED SPIRIT LEVEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Lewis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th January 1868. - A communication from abroad by
H. G. Julian, of New York, United States of America.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM LEWIS, of 15, Langham Place, in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SPIRIT LEVEL," a communication, to be as follows:-
a'
The object of this Invention is to construct a spirit level in such a
manner that it will shew either a base perpendicular or any degree
between the base and perpendicular at the option of the operator.
In constructing a spirit level according to my Invention I place on
or affix in any suitable way to the base line in a perpendicular position
a circular dial marked with the degrees of the circle. Behind this dial
plate is affixed a circular piece of glass, through which the movements
of the spirit are distinctly seen, shewing the angles or degrees. The
degrees on the dial plate being marked from right to left and from left
to right, commencing at 0 and running to 90, are so placed that the
level is found when the spirit marks 0, and when it marks 90 the

page_text: perpendicular is shewn. The intermediate degrees or angles are found
when the spirit marks between either of those points. The cavity
behind the glass is partly filled with spirits of wine or any other
suitable liquid. In the manufacture of my improved spirit level I use
brass or any other suitable material.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR OBTAINING CRYSTAL BROCATEL COLORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl: Edward Schwartz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th June 1868..
I, CARL EDWARD SCHWARTZ, of 18, Aske Street, Hoxton, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR OBTAINING CRYSTAL BROCATEL
COLORS," to be as follows:
I prepare my new crystal brocatel colours from mica (biotet muscowit),
also called cat-seloer. For this purpose I take the raw material, which
when mixed with earthly or iron particles I. break into pieces and purify
by digestion or boiling in hydrochloric acid.. It is next freed by washing
from any acid. that may adhere to it and then dried. The mica thus
purified I expose to a red hot heat until it has acquired a beautiful.
silvery glitter.. It is then ground. down when in a wet state between:
millstones or crushed under. rollers, or put into a stamping mill in a dry
state and brused into variously sized. lamina, which are sorted by being:
passed through a sieve or sifting machine, and numbered according to
the different sizes. The silver colour thus obtained may be variously
tinted by a combination with different colours, from which purpose I.

page_text: employ not only vegetable but also mineral and animal colouring
matter, in some cases obtaining these results by re-exposing the mica
to heat with the admixture of metallic oxyds and their salts, in other
cases by applying the said admixture to the raw material during its
primary stage of exposure to heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON, STEEL, AND SUCH LIKE SURFACES, AND PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THEM FROM THE CORROSIVE ACTION OF SEA OR SALT WATER, AND THE OXIDIZING INFLUENCES OF DAMP AIR, WET, AND MOISTURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cane Coombe and
John Poole at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th March 1868.
We, JAMES CANE COOMBE, of Charles Street, Wellington Road,
Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, and JoпN POOLE, of
31, Riley Street, Chelsea, in the said County, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING
IRON, STEEL, AND SUCH LIKE SURFACES, AND PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THEM
FROM THE CORROSIVE ACTION OF SEA OR SALT WATER, AND THE OXIDIZING
INFLUENCES OF DAMP AIR, WET, AND MOISTURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in coating the said surfaces while hot or
heated with a solution of copal or any resinous gum insoluable in
water and spirits of wine; the said solution thus applied is intended to
be used as a "priming" before painting. Applied alone it will protect

page_text: and preserve the said surfaces from the corrosive action of sea or salt
water and from the oxidizing influences of damp air, wet, and moisture.
Applied between the said surfaces and the paint it will act as a non-
conductor and prevent any galvanic action between the latter and the
former or between the paint and the metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF INFLAMMABLE GAS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Hirzel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1868.
I, HEINRICH HIRZEL, Professor of Chemistry, of Leipzig, in the
Kingdom of Saxony, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF INFLAMMABLE GAS, AND IN APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of illuminating gas from
petroleum and petroleum residue, and consists in certain mechanical
arrangements for pumping such petroleum and petroleum residue in a
continuous jet into retorts heated to a red heat.
In order that the nature of this Invention may be clearly understood,
I will in the following description refer to the annexed Drawings, in
which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts of the
apparatus represented.
Figure 1 is a front view, Figure 2 a top view, and Figure 3 a vertical
section of the apparatus.
A is a bench of retorts; B is a reservoir or cistern provided with a
cover and destined for the reception of the petroleum oil or residue used

page_text: for the production of gas; C are pumps which feed the retorts, one
pump being provided to each retort. Each pump is furnished with a
water-tight piston D, the rod of which is attached to a cord E which
passes round pulleys in combination with the clockwork mechanism F,
and held in a vertical position by a guide; the clockwork F being wound
up raises the piston, when the oil flows from the cistern B into the
barrel G. The pump rod is charged with weights, and when the clock-
work is set in motion the piston forces the oil through the feed tubes H
into the retorts, which are heated to a red heat in an uniform and
continuous jet; the wings I serve to regulate the descent of the piston
rod, or the same may be effected by means of ordinary clockwork with
pendulum and escapement, as well understood. The clockwork can be
stopped at any moment it may be desired to cease working the retort.
The tubes H communicate with the pump barrel, the return of the oil
being prevented by a suitable valve. To prevent the hardening of the
petroleum in cold weather the cistern B is surrounded by a fluc con-
nected with the furnace, so that by opening a damper the hot air from
the furnace is made to circulate round the cistern.
The pump may also be constructed in such a manner that the
reservoir is a vessel by itself independent of the pump and connected with
the latter by a tube, through which tube the barrel G is filled with
petroleum. In this case no inlet or outlet valve is required, the
-connecting pipe having a tap for filling the pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING STANDS FOR CULINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Greville Conyers
Hudson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 12th February 1868. A communication from
abroad by Charles Henry Hudson, of No. 43, Cortlandt Street, in
the City and State of New York, in the United States of America.
I, WALTER GREVILLE CONYERS HUDSON, of No. 38, Barbara Street,
Arundel Square, Barnsbury, in the Parish of Saint Mary, Islington, and
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING STANDS FOR CULINARY PURPOSES," (commu-
nicated to me from abroad by Charles Henry Hudson, of No. 43, Cortlandt
Street, in the City and State of New York, in the United States of
America,) to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of "revolving"
stand to be used either in the ovens of cooking stoves, or before a
kitchen fire where inequality of heating obtains, and where it is requisite
to shift the article baking or roasting from that part of the oven or fire
where the heat is excessive, so as to be enabled to bake or roast
uniformly.

page_text: The construction of this "revolving" stand will be more readily
understood by reference to the accompanying Drawing and to the
figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 a sectional elevation shewing the stationary disc A, and
revolving disc B; C, the baking dish in which the article to be cooked
is placed; D, projections of any required number attached to the outer
rim of the revolving disc B, enabling the cook to turn the baking
dish to any required position; E, a pin rivetted into the stationary
disc A, and upon which the disc B revolves.
Figure 2-a plan shewing in dotted lines the stationary, and in full
lines the revolving discs and projections thereto attached.
F, F, F, three feet for the purpose of raising the stationary disc from
the hot plate G, thereby enabling the heat to more freely surround
the article placed on the revolving stand; H, perforations in the
stationary and revolving discs; and J, recesses; theso perforations and 1
recesses being also for the purpose of allowing the heat from the hot
plate G to come into contact with, and spread uniformly over the
article to be baked, and which can be placed upon the revolving disc B,
.without the intervention of a baking pan or other utensil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES TO BE USED IN METALLURGIC OPERATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Yates at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1868..
I, WILLIAM YATES, of Duke Street, in the City of Westminster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES TO BE USED IN METALLURGIC OPERATIONS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of " Improvements in the Furnaces to be used in. Metal-
lurgic Operations" relates more particularly to those furnaces in which
iron and steel are operated upon, and consists in constructing such
furnaces or protecting their inner surfaces by lining in such a manner
that they will be better able to resist the great heat to which such
furnaces are exposed in metallurgic operations..
In constructing a new furnace, say a rotary puddling furnace, I form
the cylinder of a suitable number of wedge-shaped bars of malleable
cast iron, steel, or wrought iron, which are secured in place either by
being placed inside a casing made of sheet iron or by means of metal*
bands or rings, or in any other convenient manner, or the wedge-shaped
bars may be attached or fixed to end plates made of malleable cast iron

page_text: or steel, in which are made openings for obtaining access to the interior
of the cylinder. Bessemer converting vessels, the hearths of puddling
furnaces, and other parts of furnaces used in metallurgic operations may
be also made of a number of blocks or bars of iron or steel of suitable
shape secured together in any convenient manner, and will be found
to resist perfectly the action of the molten metal.
I also propose to line puddling or other furnaces with bars or blocks
of malleable iron or steel in place of the lining now used, and which it
is well known is quickly worn away by the heat of the molten metal
and becomes incorporated with the metal which is thereby much
deteriorated in quality, whereas according to my improvements I do not
find it necessary to employ any brick or earthen lining as is now the
case.
In order to keep these iron furnaces moderately cool a current of air
or water may be made to flow through the blocks, which may be con-
structed hollow for the purpose, or in the case of a cylindrical or rotary
mechanical puddling machine the lower part of the cylinder may be
made to dip in water as it rotates. Or if preferred the cylinder may be
kept cool by allowing water to drop thereon as it rotates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING WATER FOR CONSERVATORIES, BATHS, AND PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warren at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1868.
I, FREDERICK WARREN, of Birmingham, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR HEATING WATER FOR CONSERVATORIES, BATHS, AND
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
1. I construct the boiler or heater by making a ring of tubular metal.
This forms the base of the apparatus; and into this ring I make an
opening for the inward flow of the water; and I also place in this ring
any desirable number of tubes so arranged as that they shall converge
into a centre and connect with another ring or chamber at any required
distance from the base. Into the upper ring or chamber I make an
opening for the outlet or flow of the heated water through a tube
attached thereto. I do not confine myself to this particular shape, for
I find that the principle works with a series of converging arms direct
from the base to the centre at any desirable point above it, a form I use
by preference in some cases.

page_text: 2nly. I construct a stove or casing of metal. I line this casing with
fine bricks or other suitable material; I then leave a space where
necessary between the one which constitutes the fire chamber. This
chamber I make sufficiently large to allow of the boiler or heater being
suspended or fixed therein; and, by preference, I use perforated bricks
where required, together with the perforated plates as arranged upon
"Smith's principle of combustion." Having inserted or fixed the boiler
or heater in this chamber, I cover it over as far as practicable with fire
-bricks or other suitable matter, thereby leaving an opening for the
escape of the products of combustion. I do not claim any exclusive
right to the use of fire bricks perforated or otherwise, but to the con-
struction of a stove in which to place my boiler or heater so that I
can secure -the effective action of the fire directly from below and by
reverberation from the top and sides.
3. When desirable I make the top or cover of this stove to be the
bottom of a cistern, through which I cause the chimney pipe to pass. By
-putting water into the cistern I can, in the first place, economise the
waste heat from the fire chamber and obtain the humidity required in
greenhouses, &c.; (secondly) by connecting this water cistern with
inflow to the boiler, I can obviate the very undesirable necessity for:
bringing a stream of cold water into a heated chamber, and thereby I
can increase the rapidity with which a warm bath can be obtained when
the apparatus is applied to that effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-SLIDE GASELIERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles, Joyner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1868.
I, CHARLES JOYNER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-SLIDE GASELIERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to sliding gaseliers in which water is employed
to prevent the escape of gas between the fixed and sliding tubes of
the gaselier. In gascliers of the kind described the water evaporates
of gas
and requires replenishing from time to time, otherwise an escape
occurs. As it is not possible to sec in sliding gaseliers as ordinarily
constructed the height at which the water is situated in the tubes, it
is necessary for the sake of security to pour water in the open top of
the sliding tube more frequently than would be necessary if the height
of the water could be seen. By constructing sliding gaseliers according
to my Invention it can readily be seen when water is required.
My Invention further prevents the escape of gas should the sliding
tube of the gaselier fall by the breaking of the chain of one of the
balance weights.

page_text: My Invention consists, firstly, in adding to the top of the sliding
tube of the gaselier a glass vessel open at bottom and top and joined
water-tight at its bottom to the expanded top of the sliding tube. The
said vessel is fitted to the expanded top of the tube by the edge of
the latter being burnished over a flange at the base of the said vessel,
a washer of vulcanized india-rubber or other soft material being placed
between the glass and metal. As the level of the water can be seen
through the glass vessel it is known by simple inspection of the gaselier
when it requires water. So long as the top of the water is seen in the
glass vessel there is no danger of escape of gas, but whenever water is
not seen in the glass vessel water should be poured into the sliding tube.
My Invention consists, secondly, in fixing a shoulder at the bottom
of the fixed tube of the gaselier, and forming a shoulder at the top of
the sliding tube. Should the chain of one of the balance weights break
the sliding part of the gaselier cannot pass from off the fixed tube.
When the sliding tube has descended the full length of the fixed tube
the shoulder at the bottom of the latter comes in contact with the
shoulder on the top of the former, and the sliding part of the gaselier is
supported and a joint formed which prevents the escape of gas.
In- PROVED MACHINERY FOR WASHING CASKS AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwin Hickling at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HICKLING, of Spittlegate, in the County of
Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVED MACHINERY FOR WASHING CASKS AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improved machinery for the purpose of
washing or cleaning casks, barrels, and such like articles by causing
them to revolve round a central axis, and also to receive a rotary
motion on their own axes, thus giving them a double rotary motion
and cleansing them with the aid of water and any suitable agitating
internal agents.
The machine consists of a foundation carrying two standards, in the
upper portion of which are bearings in which the main shaft revolves.
The main shaft consists of a wrought-iron bar which revolves
horizontally in the bearings. In the middle of the said shaft (that is
to say at equal distances from the two bearings above mentioned)
two arms project at right angles from the said shaft and on opposite

page_text: sides thereof. Upon each of these is arranged a cage or apparatus for
holding the casks to be washed. These cages are free to revolve on
the said arms, and are caused to revolve by means of the following
mechanism-On one of the standards carrying the main shaft is
fixed a bevel pinion through the centre of which the main shaft revolves
without moving the pinion, and on the bottom of each cage is fixed
a bevel wheel which gears with the said fixed pinion. When the main
shaft is caused to rotate the cages are carried round and are also
caused to revolve on the arms which carry them by means of the
bevel gearing. The casks can be fixed in the cages by any suitable
means. By these means a double rotary motion is given to the casks.
Each cask requires to be supplied with water and either a chain or
small stones or gravel to effect the complete cleaning of the interior
thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS IN FINE PARTICLES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF FINE PARTICLES IN POWDER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bridge Cowell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1868.
I, HENRY BRIDGE COWELL, of 4, Compton Street, Balls Pond,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION
OF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS IN FINE PARTICLES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF FINE PARTICLES IN POWDER," to be as
follows:-
The object of the Invention is to afford facility for the distribution of
fine particles of water or other liquid, or of solid in powder, and it is
particularly applicable to the distribution of such matter on the surface
of the leaves and other parts of plants in greenhouses or conservatories,
and other places, as also for other uses. For this purpose the matter
to be distributed is placed in a trough in which is supported the axis of
a rotatory brush or a series of brushes by rotating which by a handle
or otherwise the matter in the trough is taken up, and then by the

page_text: edge of a plate, which may be capable of adjustment in bearing upon
the surface of such brush as it revolves, the matter so taken up from the
trough is spirted or thrown forwards in quantities dependent on the
position of the edge of the plate in bearing upon the brush. The brush
or brushes may be applied in the form of an endless band.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dickinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th January 1868.
I, THOMAS DICKINSON, of Lancaster, in the County of Lancaster,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended principally to be applied to taps for
drawing off water where owing to the height of the cistern or reservoir
above the tap (or to other similar causes), there is a considerable pressure
of water. It is well known that under such circumstances when the
tap is suddenly closed and the flow of water stopped it causes a great
concussion and rattling, and sometimes even the bursting of the pipe,
and it is to remedy this defect and inconvenience that the present
Invention is designed.
The Invention consists in attaching to the rear end of the tap (at
the point of its connection with the feed pipe) a hollow vessel of a
globular or other suitable form, into which the lower end of the feed
pipe projects, dipping nearly to the bottom thereof. The upper part
of this vessel above the level of the discharge opening will always

page_text: contain air, which will act as an elastic cushion or buffer and prevent
or greatly diminish the concussion which would otherwise occur on
the sudden shutting of the tap and consequent sudden stoppage of
the descending current of water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1868.
I, JOHN YOUNG, of Stewarton, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to an improved arrangement or con-
struction of certain parts of machines used for washing clothes has for
its object the effecting of economy in the quantities of soap or other
substance employed for effecting the cleansing.
In place of constructing these machines with an outer case containing
a ribbed washing basket or frame, the washing liquid communicating
and filling the space between the washing basket and outer case to
the same level in both as heretofore, the ribs having spaces between
them, the use of the outer casing is dispensed with, and the basket
is formed with the ribs placed close together the joints between the
ribs being water-tight so that no more washing liquid is necessary
than that which is placed in the basket or vessel itself. The water-

page_text: tight basket or vessel may or may not be provided with a valve cock
or other means for drawing off the liquid when necessary. The washing
action is produced by the employment of a vibrating, reciprocating,
or revolving frame, slab, or plate, the under side of which carries the
clothes over or across the ribs which constitute the basket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES, WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER COOKING STOVES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick James Baynes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th January 1868.
I, FREDERICK JAMES BAYNES, of Holloway Terrace, Holloway Road,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER COOKING STOVES," to be as follows:-
In the use of kitchen ranges a considerable difference exists in the
quantity of fuel being consumed at different times, but as kitchen ranges
are at present arranged they are comparatively useless for heating the
ovens and boilers to them except when the fire-place or box to them is
well charged, or when considerably more fuel is being consumed than
is necessary simply for the heating of such ovens and boilers.
The object of my Invention is to render the use of a comparatively
small quantity of fuel effectual for these purposes. In order to this
whilst the upper front bar or bars may be arranged as heretofore to "fall
down," the lower front bars or a porton of them are connected together
into a frame, which is capable of turning on centres at the upper end
of it, so that the bars carried by such frame may be turned inwards to or

page_text: about at a horizontal line, and in that position form a bottom to support
a small quantity of fuel near the upper part of the range, and admit
of the heat from such fuel passing freely and effectively under the "top
plate "to the boiler on one side and to the oven on the other side, and
then when it may be desired to have a larger fire for roasting or other-
wise the frame with its bars may be turned down, so that the frame of
such bars may then hang in a vertical position to form the front of the
fire with the fuel resting on the ordinary bottom bars as in other ranges,
or vice versa. This frame with its bars may be moved by a shifting
lever handle passed into a socket or otherwise, and be held in either
position by a drop catch or other suitable stop, and the action of the
lever or other moving instrument may release the catch. By these
means great economy of fuel may be effected. The improvements are
also applicable to other cooking stoves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS FOR DIS- TRIBUTING CORN, SEED, MANURE, AND WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bonnall, of Grantham, in the County of
Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS FOR DIS-
TRIBUTING CORN, SEED, MANURE, AND WATER."
Sealed the 12th January 1869, and dated the 15th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bonnall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th July 1868.
I, JOHN BONNALL, of Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLS
FCR DISTRIBUTING CORN, SEED, MANURE, AND WATER," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in drills for distributing
corn, seed, manure, and water; and the Invention relates, firstly, to
improvements in chain drills for distributing corn, seed, or manure,
and consists in the employment of springs to carry or act upon one

page_text: set of the pulleys around which the chains which supply the corn, seed,
or manure to the guide boxes pass, such pulleys being thrown out of
action when desired by means of levers, cams, or excentrics acting
upon each of the springs separately, whereby any of the chains may
be thrown out of action as desired. This part of the Invention also
consists in the employment of a chain transversely of the machine for
feeding the corn, seed, or manure to the guide boxes; and in order that
one or more of the guide boxes may be put out of action when desired
I employ a series of slides to shut off the communication between the
seed box and the chain. I also in some cases employ screws for feeding
the seed, corn, or manure to the guide boxes, such screws being formed
of a coiled thread fixed at one end on its shaft or axis, and acted upon
at its other end by a screw or by other suitable means, so as to render
it capable of adjustment as required. When distributing liquid manure
or water I employ a tank or reservoir, which is slung by means of
universal joints on an axle or frame passing over the top thereof, and
I supply the liquid manure or water to the coulters or other distributors
by atmospheric pressure created within the tank or reservoir by means
of an air pump or pumps worked from any suitable part of the drill,
a suitable safety valve being employed to regulate the pressure of the
air within the tank or reservoir to the desired amount. For distributing
liquid manure I prefer to cause the air to enter the tank or reservoir
at or near the bottom thereof, so as to agitate the manure. I employ
cocks or valves to regulate the flow of the liquid manure or water from
the distributers.
The above apparatus may be used in connection with the corn, seed,
or manure drill before described and form part of the same machine,
or it may be mounted on a separate frame if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ADJUSTABLE PRESSURE ON ROLLERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FINISHING OF TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sievwright and George
Worrall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th October 1868.
We, WILLIAM SIEVWRIGHT, junior, of Prinlaws, in the County of
Fife, North Britain, and GEORGE WORRALL, of Dundee, in the County
of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ADJUSTABLE
PRESSURE ON ROLLERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FINISHING OF TEXTILE
MATERIALS OR FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists essentially of an improved method of producing
pressure upon rollers used in machinery applicable to the manufacture.
and finishing of textile fabrics. This is effected by means of an improved.
arrangement and construction of levers in which the pressure is pro-
duced by means of a weight, and rendered elastic by the introduction
of a metal spring in contradistinction to levers in which the pressure.
is produced by means of a weight only, or by means of a compressed.
spring.

page_text: The arrangement of levers according to this Invention is as follows:-
A stud is fixed to any convenient part of the framing of the machine in
which the levers are to be applied. The projecting end of the stud is or
may be made forked, and to it is centred a bell-crank lever having a
long and a short arm; the weights. are attached to the long arm, and the
short arm is connected to a spindle which slides in one end of a hollow
socket. The spindle is prevented from dropping out of the socket by a pin
passing through the end of the spindle, and on the spindle a helical or
spiral spring is placed, so that when the weight is applied to the long arm
of the bell-crank lever the helical or spiral spring is compressed between
the head of the spindle which is attached to the short arm of the lever
and the end of the hollow socket in which the spindle slides. The other
end of the socket is tapped to receive a screwed rod which carries one of
the bearings of the roller, or the rod may be made so as only to impart
the pressure to the bearing..
The advantage claimed for the arrangement of levers constituting this
Invention is that the pressure applied to the roller is. always known and
may be easily adjusted so as to be the same upon any number of
rollers, while at the same time the pressure is rendered elastic by the.
introduction of a helical or spiral spring, as. herein-before described..
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING OR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF SMOKE FROM STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND COLLECTING FOR UTILIZATION THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Murray and Oliver
Harling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st October 1868.
We, JOHN MURRAY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Designer,
and OLIVER HARLING, of Thwaites, near Keighley, aforesaid, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING OR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF SMOKE
FROM STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES, AND COLLECTING FOR UTILIZATION
THE WASTE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in the application and use of a fan placed in
any convenient part of or in connection with the flue leading from the
boiler or furnace to the chimney, and placed so that it will produce a
draught to draw away the smoke and gases therefrom, and force the
same through or into water supplied to a tank or vessel placed in the
bottom of the chimney or flue. One or more jets of steam are to be
inserted into the flue or pipe leading from the furnace to the fan, and
from the fan to the water tank. Also a rose water jet or perforated ball
is to be inserted into the chimney or its flue at any desirable distance

page_text: above the water tank so as to obtain a shower or spray of water to cool
the gases or vapours that arise from the water tank. By this means the
smoke or solid products of combustion will be condensed and lodged in
the water tank, and may be drawn or run off into another tank or tanks
placed either inside or outside the chimney or flue as most convenient,
and from which the said products may be collected, to be afterwards
utilized or applied to any useful purposes to which they may he found
suitable, and are thereby prevented from escaping into the atmosphere.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS AND LAND CARRIAGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George James at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1868.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE JAMES, of Queen's Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS
AND LAND CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of and apparatus for
propelling ships or vessels and land carriages whereby steam power is
dispensed with and atmospheric pressure substituted therefor.
According to this Invention it is proposed to mount upon the vessel
or carriage to be propelled a hollow chamber provided with five tubular
branches, one of which is centrally placed in the front of the chamber,
two are situate at right angles thereto (one on each side), and two more
are situate in the rear of the chamber branching therefrom on each side
at an angle of sixty degrees from the longitudinal centre line of the
chamber. Each of these branches are open to the atmosphere, and within
each there is fitted an air-tight piston. The two rear pistons operate as
the drivers or propellers, as herein-after described, whilst the other pair of

page_text: side pistons serve to compensate the back pressure of the atmosphere
against the front piston when a vacuum is established by means of an
air pump or otherwise inside the said chamber, these side pistons being
connected by suitable means, herein-after described, with the front piston.
On producing this vacuum inside the chamber the whole of the pistons
are forced inwards with a pressure equivalent to that of the atmosphere
upon their areas, and this pressure against the propelling pistons is
transferred by suitable means to a central driving rod or pusher which
works through air-tight packing in the centre of the front piston and
has a head formed thereon which bears or pushes against a fixed stop
or obstruction secured to the framing of the vessel or carriage, as the
case may be, and thus urges it along by the sole action of the atmo-
spheric pressure upon the two propelling pistons. As it is necessary
that the connections between the propelling pistons and the driving rod
as well as the connections between the lateral compensating pistons and
the front piston be in the direction of the arc of a circle, it would be
impracticable to employ an ordinary rigid piston rod, and therefore it is
proposed to employ a number of disjointed or disconnected short lengths
of rods which are fitted to work easily inside curved guide pipes or tubes,
but between the several contiguous ends of these short rods a space is
left which is to be filled in with any good non-compressible fluid. By
this means a species of flexible piston rod is obtained which is both
simple in its construction and efficient in action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING COMBS OR REEDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Robinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1868.
I, MATTHEW ROBINSON, Machinist at Howard and Bullough's, Globe
Works, Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING COMBS OR REEDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of combs or reeds in which
the dents are placed between the coils of coiled springs, and consists in
placing the dents between the coils by improved self-acting mechanism.
The two coiled springs for holding the upper and lower ends of the
dents of each comb or reed are fastened to a slide having a traversing
motion imparted to it by means of a screw or rack and pinion, and
each dent before it is cut from the flat wire passes between metal
plates extending across the springs, but partially closed at the bottom
by their own elasticity. At the lower ends of the plates there are.
two or more openings near which there are two or more fingers fixed
to a vibrating shaft so that when the fingers are in their highest
positions they shall be without the plates, but as they pass downwards

page_text: enter the openings and pass through them transversely. The traversing
of the slide and coiled springs and the up-and-down movements of
the fingers work in unison, that is, there is an up-and-down movement
for each coil, and after the dent is cut from the flat wire it falls to
the bottom of the space between the plates and then the fingers press
it through the partially closed bottom and between a coil of each of
the two springs and as the slide is traversing onwards another dent
is cut and falls downwards and is pressed between another coil of
each of the two springs and so on continuously until the comb or
reed is completed.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING OR MAKING UP INDIGO BLUE OB PREPARATIONS OR COMPOUNDS OF INDIGO FOR THE MARKET
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phillips Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1868.
I, PHILLIPS SPENCER, of the Town and County of the Town of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING OR MAKING UP INDIGO BLUE OB
PREPARATIONS OR COMPOUNDS OF INDIGO FOR THE MARKET," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prepare or make up indigo for the
market in such manner that its use for laundry or other like purposes
may be exceedingly simple.
My Invention consists in spreading the indigo upon sheets of paper,
linen, calico, or other like material, instead of making it up into balls or
"thumbs," as heretofore. In making use of the indigo thus prepared or
made up, a slip of the sheet is cut off and put in the water, the size of
the slip being regulated according to the quantity of water employed.
The sheet will be marked off to show the amount required for one gallon
of water or other quantity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR PROTECTORS FOR SEWING NEEDLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Jules Colette at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1868.
I, GUSTAVE JULES COLETTE, of 104, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR PROTECTORS FOR SEWING NEEDLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in holders or protectors
for sewing needles.
I construct the improved holder or protector for sewing needles of two
caps of ivory, hard wood, or other material, and to the edge of each cap I
attach three elastic bands, and the bands pass from one cap to the other
and connect them together. The holder or protector is applied by
drawing the two caps apart a distance exceeding the length of the
needle, and then placing one of the caps over the head and the other
over the point of the needle, allowing the bands to draw the caps together
as far as the length of the needle will admit.

page_text: The great utility of this improved holder or protector results from its
construction admitting it to be applied to the sewing needle without
removing the needle from the work. I make the two caps of different
sizes, and into the longer I insert a piece of cork or similar soft material
to receive the point of the needle and protect it from injury.