Improvements in or appertaining to Organs.
Year: 1894

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or appertaining to Organs.
I, ROBERT HOPE-JONES M.I.E.E. of 55 and 57 Argyle Street, Birkenhead in
the County of Chester, Consulting Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to producing tone suitable for use in organs, harmoniums
and the like, to regulating or steadying the supply of air necessary to the same, to
certain modifications in the form and arrangement of organ pipes now commonly in
use and to bringing into or out of play and conveniently controlling such and similar
pipes, reeds or other apparatus for producing musical sounds.
Hitherto it has been the practice to construct reeds or reed organ pipes in two
manners, that is to say, either of tongues which, being carried by the pressure of a
current of air, strike against and close more or less perfectly an opening communicating
with a pipe or resonant column of air, or with tongues which, being carried in a similar
manner by the pressure of a current of air, pass freely into the opening
communicating with the pipe or resonant column of air in such manner as partially
to close the same. Now I find it advantageous to make reeds of a different
construction in which either a motor or its equivalent, upon which a varying
pressure of air exerts its force, is so arranged that it is thrown into vibration and
so connected with a slide, roller, or other form of valve, that it conveniently
divides a stream of air into a series of puffs, or in which a valve tongue or its
equivalent is placed within or in direct communication with a column or resonant
body of air, the said tongue being lifted off its seat by the air entering the pipe
foot, or to make a combination of either of these arrangements with the other, or
with flue or reed pipes of ordinary construction.
As examples of the manner in which this part of the invention may be carried
into effect, but without in any way binding myself only to these examples, I will
describe the following applications.
First an ordinary disc valve controlling the admission of air under pressure to the
air column or other form of resonator, may be attached to a diaphragm or motor,
the inner or valve side of this diaphragm being in communication with the air
under pressure at the foot of the pipe, while the outer side, that is the side more
remote from the valve, is in pneumatic connection with the air column, the valve
and diaphragm tending to move in one direction, namely, in such manner as to close
the valve upon its seat, by the introduction of a spring or other device; so that
when wind is admitted to the foot of the pipe, the pressure on one side of the
diaphragm opens the valve against the pressure of the spring and that of the wind
on the surface of the said valve; this sends a puff of wind into the tube or
resonating chamber, thus lowering the pressure in the cavity above the foot, and
upon the valve side of the diaphragın, and at the same time increasing the pressure
on the other side of the said diaphragm; the valve now closes and the cycle oi
operations is repeated.
In another modification I may make use of a double valve, which, being operated
by a suitable motor or diaphragm, causes the air in a chamber, to which one or
more resonators may be attached, to be alternately compressed and rarified.
This form of reed may readily be adopted for striking tongues, bells, or other
producers of sound.
In another modification, an ordinary reed organ pipe may be supplied with one of

page_text: my improved reeds or valves, by hanging the tongue or valve upon the opposite
side of the plate or reed from that usually adopted. Thus in an ordinary reed the
tongue is hung upon what I may call the wind side of the reed or plate, so that the
wind from the wind chest strikes upon the tongue and forces it against the reed.
Now, with my improvement the tongue or valve is hung upon the pipe side of the
reed or plate, so that the wind first passes through the reed or plate and then
strikes the tongue or valve, which latter is, as previously explained, actually in, or
in direct communication with, the vibrating column of air.
In another modification, the tongue or valve may lie upon an opening or reed
in the bottom or foot of the pipe, the air passing vertically up through the reed
or plate and then striking the valve or tongue. With this arrangement, I prefer to
place the valve or tongue upon a wire or spindle, and to form a preferably conical
opening at a suitable point in the foot of the pipe and to place a second valve
or equivalent upon the spindle, both valves moving together, so that when the
chief valve or tongue is lifted the second one enters or approaches the conical
passage and restricts the area through which the wind must pass, thus momentarily
reducing or restricting the passage of air while the chief valve or tongue is off
its scat.
In another modification, I apply the valve or tongue to the inside of a flue or
reed pipe at a suitable point or points, say for instance at the node or nodes and
introduce one or more supplementary or extra currents of air to operate these
valves or tongues.
In the case of stopped and open flue organ pipes, I sometimes find it highly
advantageous to greatly increase the length of the flue and of the lip of the pipe.
To accomplish this end, the part or parts of the pipe which contain a resonant
column of air, may be supported above or united to the languid or to the foot of
the pipe or both of these by means of brackets or supports, the length of which
may if desired be varied, or partly by this means, placed either within or outside
in such manner that the length of the flue or wind passage may be increased. The
languid of the pipe may, by means of a central screwed pivot, or by a sliding
arrangement be made capable of adjustment.
In the case of circular pipes, the diameter of the languid and that part of
the foot which forms the other boundary of the flue may with advantage be made
smaller than the diameter of the lip of the body of the pipe and the surfaces
so tapered as to cause the wind in ascending towards the lip of the pipe to
expand in a conical form. A similar arrangement may be made in the case of
rectangular or triangular pipes. This arrangement may for the sake of variety
be sometimes reversed and the body of the pipe made smaller than that part
which forms the flue.
Arrangements may be made by means of which the vibratory puffs of air
escaping to the atmosphere on the outer side of the lip of a flue pipe may be
caused to set up or augment the vibrations within a secondary organ pipe or
resonator.
In order to secure a steady supply of wind for such reeds and pipes and to avoid
the fluctuations in pressure caused by the inertia and momentum of the weights
usually placed upon wind reservoirs and bellows, such weights may be caused to act
upon the said reservoirs or bellows through the medium of springs or pueumatic
motors or any combination of these, undue oscillation being if necessary damped
or prevented by an air or other resistance.
In connection with the above and of organs hitherto constructed, no system of
ready control of the pedal organ stops and couplers has been made to give the
organist complete and satisfactory command of the tone and combinations of tone
given by the pedal keys at all times and under all possible conditions without
encountering the large expense involved in carrying out the inventions set forth in
my Patent Specifications Nos. 15461 of 1890 and 18073 of 1891. Now this
control can be effected in an economical manner and the manual stops aud couplers
may be or may not be operated simultaneously with those of the pedal department

page_text: by making use of one or more simple or compound tumbler or other keys or
equivalent devices placed in positions convenient to the performer, preferably
between the keyboards, one movement of the said simple or compound key being
arranged by means of electric contact or other similar device to control the pedal
stops and couplers, another movement of the key or a part of the same being
arranged to control the manual stops and couplers, and the third movement of the
key being made to control simultaneously both manual and pedal movements.
Though these tumbler and other keys have been designed principally with the
objects above set forth, they may with advantage be utilised for controlling other
parts or combinations of other movements in organs.
Dated this 19th day of November 1894.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or appertaining to Organs.
I, ROBERT HOPE-JONES, M.I.E.E. of 55 and 57 Argyle Street, Birkenhead
in the County of Chester, Consulting Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to producing tone suitable for use in organs, harmoniums
and the like, to regulating or steadying the supply of air necessary to the same, to
certain modifications in the form and arrangement of organ pipes now commonly in
use and to bringing into or out of play and conveniently controlling such and similar
pipes, reeds or other apparatus for producing musical sounds.
Hitherto it has been the practice to construct reeds or reed organ pipes in two
manners, that is to say, either with tongues which, being carried by the pressure of
a current of air, strike against and close more or less perfectly an opening communi-
cating with a pipe or resonant column of air, or with tongues which, being carried
in a similar manner by the pressure of a current of air, pass freely into or through
the opening communicating with the pipe or resonant column of air in such manner
as partially to close the same. Now I find it advantageous to make reeds of a
different construction in which either a motor or its equivalent, upon which a
varying pressure of air exerts its force, is so arranged that it is thrown into
vibration and so connected with a slide, roller, or other form of valve, that it
conveniently divides a stream of air into a series of puffs, or in which a valve or its
equivalent is placed within or in direct communication with a column or resonant
body of air, the said tongue being lifted off its seat by the air entering the pipe
foot, or to make a combination of either of these arrangements with the other, or
with flue or reed pipes of ordinary construction.
As examples of the manner in which this part of the invention may be carried
into effect, but without in any way binding myself only to these examples, 1 will
describe the following applications.
The invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which―
Figures 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 20 are sectional elevations of varied forms of (what I
call) a diaphone.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a diaphone arranged to set up an alternating
blast of air.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of a new form of reed.
Figure 6 is a section along Z Y Figure 6.
Figure 9 is au elevation partly in section of one arrangement by which tongues,
bells or other producers of sound may be struck or operated.

page_text: Figures 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are improved forms of flue pipes,
Figures 11 and 12 are plans of Figures 11 and 12 respectively.
Figures 16 and 17 are elevations of bellows showing how the weights may be
spring connected.
Figure 18 is a fragmentary view of the bellows showing the weights spring
connected and furnished with a pneumatic vibration damper.
Figure 19 a sectional elevation of one form of my improved composition key.
Figure 19 is a reversed plan of Figure 19.
Figure 198 is a fragmentary elevation of Figure 19.
Figure 21 is an improved form of pipe used in connection with an alternating
blast of air.
Figures 22 and 22ª are elevation and plan of another form of composition key.
In Figure 1, A is a pipe from the reservoir from which air under pressure is
received into the chamber B, the quantity of air being regulated by the throttle
valve a. C is a motor connected to the valve D by the wire or spindle d, the said
wire passing through a leather purse E, made air-tight by the leather lock nuts e
and rigidly fixed by lock nuts to a spring F which is in turn fixed to the block F¹
and having a weight F2 attached to the opposite end. G is a chamber into which
air passes from the chamber Band from this into the tube, or resonating chamber H,
g is a passage from the chamber G through which air may pass to or from the back
or inside of the motor C.
The action of this diaphone is as follows:-
Wind under pressure from the reservoir enters the pipe A and may be regulated
by the throttle valve a, and passes into the chamber B, causing the notor C to be
pressed back, thereby opening the valve D, the air passes through the chamber G
to the tube or resonating chamber H, in the meantime the pressure in the chamber B
is reduced momentarily, and at the same time the pressure of the air in the passage g
and the back or inside of the motor C is raised. These causes together with the
tendency of the spring F which is to keep the valve D on its seat, overcome the
force which opened the valve D and allow it to close. The parts are then in
the position for the cycle of operations to be repeated. The weight F' on the end
of the spring F is such that its weight or its distance from the fixed point may
be regulated so that the natural vibrations of the spring shall more or less
synchronize with the required number of puffs of air in the tube or resonating
chamber.
Figure 2 is a form of diaphone in which A is the wind pipe, a the throttle valve,
B the wind chamber, C the motor, D a grid valve, d the wire or spindle, F is a
helical spring, is a regulating screw, G is the chamber through which the air
passes to the tubes or resonating chambers H and H, G is the passage through
which the air passes to the back of the motor C, I and l'are grid valves or shutters
connected to the stops, and are such that they may close or open either or both of
the ranks of pipes H or H¹ to the wind.
The action of this form of diaphone is the same as that described in Figure 1
with the exception that it has a helical spring F inside the chamber B and a
screw in order that the tension may be regulated, also a grid or slide valve
instead of a disc valve. This figure is shown having two ranks of pipes H and H',
these are opened and closed to the chamber G by grid valves or shutters I and I¹
by the organist in a convenient manner.
Figure 3, the part and action of this form of diaphone are similar to that of
Figure 1, excepting that the valve D is of roller form having a piece of leather or
other suitable material attached to it, the said roller D rolling over the opening D',
thereby rolling the leather on and off itself, to this is a helical spring F connected
so as to keep the roller against the face of the opening D', this opening may be of
any suitable dimensions, for instance if the opening is very long a small movement
of the roller will suffice to open and close the valve, the tension on the spring F
may be regulated by the thumbscrew f.

page_text: Figure 4, is another modification of the diaphone which is arranged for the most
part similar to that of Figure 1, but there is a second valve D2 which admits air
into the chamber J which is connected to the atmosphere or a vacuum pump.
One object of this form of diaphone is to obtain an alternating blast of air which
may be readily adopted for striking tongues, bells or other producers of sound, and
its action is as follows:-
The air under pressure enters at A, passes into the chamber B and operates the
motor C, thereby opening the valve D and closing the valve D²; during the time
the valve D2 is closed the pressure is raised in the chamber G, also in the passage g
and the back or inside of the motor C, the result being the air in the chamber B
may if desired be momentarily reduced while the pressure at the back of the
motor is increased, also with the aid of the spring F the valve D is closed and D*
opened, the air under pressure in the chamber G passes through the valve D² into
the chamber J and atmosphere. If the chamber J is connected to a vacuum pump,
the air in the chamber G will be reduced to a pressure below that of the atmosphere.
As soon as the valve D is returned to its seat the parts will be in position for
another cycle of operations thereby keeping up a continually alternating blast of
air in the chamber G to which there may be several connections to sounding boards,
special forms of resonators, to tongues, bells etcetera.
Figures 5 and 5 show a method by which the diaphone may be attached to the
ordinary flue pipe ; D is the valve mounted on a wire or spindle d, which is held
in position by the bearings K in the springs k, the tension of the lower of these
springs may be regulated by drawing in or out the rod L.
The action of this form of diaphone is such that the air under pressure in the
pipe M raises the valve D, and momentarily reduces the pressure below the valve,
aud increases it above so that the valve returns to its former position and is again
ready to be raised by the increased pressure of air, thus sending puffs of wind into
the tube or resonating chamber.
The above action depends largely upon the sonorous vibrations excited in the air
contained in the pipe by the flue mouth and these latter vibrations again are
greatly influenced by the air puffs passing through the diaphone valve.
Each one
re-acts upon the other so that the flue mouth and the regulation of the diaphone valve
may be so altered that the tone emitted by the two in combination is greater than
the sum of tones given by each producer of sound acting separately. A diaphone
valve may be obviously be combined in a similar manner with an ordinary reed
pipe.
Figure 6 is a modification of the reeds used in ordinary reed organ pipes, where N
is the reed, O is a plate to which the tongue P is attached, O is in turn fixed to the
reed N. The novelty of this form of beating reed consists in so placing the tongue
that the stream of wind carries it off its seat instead of forcing it against such
seat. The action is as follows, the tongue P being normally held against the
plate P, wind under pressure being admitted throws the tongue P off the plate O,
thus increasing the pressure inside the reed N and possibly momentarily reducing
it outside, thereby allowing the tongue P to return to its normal position, in this
way the tongue is kept vibrating and a series of puffs of wind admitted to the tube
or resonating chamber. This "retreating reed" as I term it may be looked upon
as a diaphone where the tongue P performs the office of both motor and valve.
Figure 7 is a form of diaphone shown attached to the bottom of a pipe and is
similar in construction to that described in Figure 5, D is a valve attached to a
spindle d, to this is attached a second valve D3 which rises with the valve D, so as
to close or partly close a conical opening D and its action is as follows:-
Wind under pressure entering the pipe M passes through the conical opening D
into the chamber B and raises the valve D, the pressure in the chamber Q is
increased at the same time the valve D³ is raised so as to close or partly close the
opening D, thus reducing the pressure in the chamber B which allows the valve to
fall to its normal position, this action is continued and allows a series of puffs of
air to the tube or resonating chamber X.

page_text: Figure 8 represents a form of diaphone where two valves are used in order to
obtain a different quality of tone and a large opening to the tube or resonating
chamber and its construction is similar to that of Figure 1 excepting that this is
shown as part of the pipe and that there is a second valve D' opening out of the
chamber B into the chamber G, also there is a diaphragm motor in place of the
bellows motor.
Its action is as follows:-
The compressed air entering the foot of the pipe M. passes into the chamber B
and acts with a force upon that side of the valve D³ which is exposed to the
chamber B, also upon the diaphragm C, thus opening the valves D and D and
admitting compressed air into the chamber G, the passage 9 and the back of
the diaphragm C at the same time momentarily reducing the pressure in the
chamber B, thereby overcoming the momentum of the spring F, and the
valves D and D close, this cycle of operations is repeated and intermittent puffs
of air are admitted to the tube or resonating chamber X. The tension on the
spring F may be regulated by the lock-nuts or other form of adjustable joint and
its period and regularity of vibration by applying a weight as described in
Figure 1.
Figure 20 is a form of diaphone in which the parts are similar to those described
in Figure 1, excepting that valve D is connected to the end of the motor C. Its
action is exactly the same as that of Figure 1.
Figure 9 shows one form by which the striking of tongues, bells or other
producers of sound may be performed. Referring to the drawing, C' is a wind
motor, F³ is a spring tending to keep the motor closed, R is the bell, R' the hammer,
is the spring wire or rod connecting the hammer to the motor, r¹ is the block which
the hammer strikes over. Its action is as follows:-
The alternating blast of air is connected with the back or inside of the motor C³
(alternating blast of air produced by a diaphone as described in Figure 4) and its
pressure varies in such a way that the spring F3 closes the motor when the wind
pressure is at a minimum, thus giving the rod r and the hammer R₁ a back and
forward movement striking the bell at each forward movement over the block r.
It is clear that there are other ways by which the bell ringing etcetera may be
produced, for instance the pressure of the spring may cause the hammer to strike
the bell etcetera and the wind pressure to cause the return movement of the
hammer; or an ordinary pianoforte or other striking action may be used and may
be operated by puffs of air pressure only from any other form of diaphone, use
being made of a constant exhaust through a small hole.
Figure 10; this modification of my invention consists in placing in an ordinary
flue or reed pipe at a suitable point or points, say for instance at the node or nodes,
a valve or tongue, to introduce one or more supplementary or extra currents of air
to operate these valves or tongues.
Referring to the drawing, X is the resonating chamber of an ordinary flue pipe,
D is a valve to admit the extra current of air to the resonating chamber X, C' is
a diaphragm connected to the valve D. F is a spring also connected to the
valve D, to the other end of this is attached a regulating screw f. S is a passage
from the foot of the pipe or any other air supply. It has the following action,
there is a constant supply of air to the passage S and it is well known that the
pressure of air at the node of a flue pipe is continually altering from high to
lower pressure, so that when the pressure is highest the diaphragm C¹ is pressed
out, at the same time opening the valve D, thereby admitting a current of air from
the passage S, when the pressure is reduced the spring F closes the valve D. This
cycle of operations continues and admits puffs of air to resonating chamber. When
desired the diaphragm C¹ may be omitted and the valve D be placed on the outer
side of the pipe and within the chamber S.
Figures 11, 11, 12, 124. In the case of stopped and open flue organ pipes,
I sometimes find it advantageous to greatly increase the length of the flue T and of
the lip T of the pipe. To accomplish this end, the part or parts of the pipe t,

page_text: which contain a resonant column of air, may be supported above or united to the
languid or to the foot of the pipe or both of these by means of brackets or
supports t, the length of which may if desired be varied, or partly by this means,
placed either within or outside in such manner that the length of the flue or wind
passage T may be increased. The languid 3 of the pipe may, by means of a
central screwed pivot or by a sliding arrangement be made capable of
adjustment.
Figure 13. In the case of circular pipes, the diameter of the languid t³ and that
part of the foot to which forms the other boundary of the flue may with advantage
be made smaller than the diameter of the lip T of the body of the pipe and the
surfaces so tapered as to cause the wind in ascending towards the lip of the pipe to
expand in a conical form. A similar arrangement may be made in the case of
rectangular or triangular pipes. This arrangement, Figure 14, may for the sake of
variety be sometimes reversed and the body of the pipe t made smaller than that
part which forms the flue T¹ and languid 3 of the pipe. These are so tapered as to
cause the wind to strike the lip T.
Figure 15, shows how arrangements may be made by means of which the
vibratory puffs of air escaping to the atmosphere on the outer side of the lip U of
a flue pipe X may be caused to set up or augment the vibrations within a
secondary organ pipe or resonator X2.
Figure 21 is a form of stopped pipe that may be used in connection with an
alternating blast of air, its construction is similar to an ordinary stopped pipe with
the exception that the space usually occupied by the flue, is in the present pipe
covered by parchment To or other suitable material.
The action of the pipe is as follows:-
The alternating blast of air entering the pipe operates upon the parchment To
causing the same to vibrate thereby increasing the vibrations of the air in the
resonating chamber, this giving a different tone.
In order to secure a steady supply of wind for such reeds and pipes and to avoid
the fluctuations in pressure caused by the inertia and momentum of the weights
usually placed upon wind reservoirs and bellows, such weights may be caused to
act upon the said reservoirs or bellows through the medium of springs, undue
oscillation being if necessary damped or prevented by an air or other resistance.
Figures 16, 17, 18 show arrangements by which this may be performed, V are the
ordinary organ bellows. V₁ are the weights which keep up the pressure of wind in
the bellows, V2 are springs placed between the bellows and the weights, V³ are
pneumatic coverings. In another form which is not shown in the drawings the
weights are placed upou a board or plank having springs between it and the upper
part of the bellows.
In connection with the above and of organs hitherto constructed no system of
ready control of the pedal organ stops and couplers has been made to give the
organist complete and satisfactory command of the tone and combinations of tone
given by the pedal keys at all times and under all possible conditions, without
encountering the large expense involved in carrying out the inventions set forth in
my Patent Specifications Nos. 15461 of 1890 and 18073 of 1891. Now this control
can be effected in an economical manner and the manual stops and couplers may be
or may not be operated simultaneously with those of the pedal department by
making use of one or more simple or compound tumbler or other keys or equivalent
devices placed in positions convenient to the performer, preferably between the
keyboards, one movement of the said simple or compound key being arranged by
means of electric contact or other similar device to control the pedal stops and
couplers, another movement of the key or a part of the same being arranged to
control the manual stops and couplers, and the third movement of the key being
made to control simultaneously both manual and pedal movements.
Though these tuinbler and other keys have been designed principally with the
objects above set forth, they may with advantage be utilised for controlling other
parts or combinations of other movements in organs.

page_text: Figures 19, 19 19 B show the construction of one form of such compound key.
It has three movements, first, the key Y may control the manual stops, second the
key W the pedal stops and couplers, third, the centre key Z controls both, each of
the keys W and Y are carried by a inetallic strip w¹y' respectively, to the end of
each of these is a wire or other conductor which forms part of the circuit of an
electro-magnet, said magnet operating in turn the manual and pedal stops. ¹ is a
metallic plate containing two platinum points 2 which correspond to two similar
points w² and y² or the strip w¹ y, to this plate is a wire conductor z which forms
the return circuit for both the electro-magnets. The key is fixed to a strip z³
but has no electric connection.
I will now describe the action of this composition key, if the organist wishes a
series of manual stops he presses the key Ỷ which completes the circuit of the
electro-magnet operating the manual stops; if he requires suitable pedal stops and
couplers he presses the key W; if on the other hand he requires both the manual
and pedal stops, it is only necessary to press the key %, this completes both circuits
and operates both electro-magnets.
Figures 22 and 22 illustrate a form of electrical composition key, used for
similar purposes, but in some cases may be found more convenient to that described
by Figures 19, 19, 19. For instance, where there are one or more organs at a
distance, this form of key may be used to connect them to the one console.
In describing the keys, or more strictly the portions of the key, W and Y control
the pedal and manual stop respectively, Z controls both, w² and y² are platinum
points which make contact with the pieces. is a spring operating against the
collar 28, this normally keeping the key out of contact with the pieces ², and its
distance regulated by the nuts 27, the key is normally held in position with regard
to the spindle 25 by the spring 2³.
I will now describe the action of this form of composition key. If a series of
manual stops are required, the organist presses the portion of the key Y to the
position shown in dotted lines; if on the other hand he requires a series of suitable
pedal stops and couplers he presses the portion W; if he requires both manual and
pedal he presses the centre portion Z and makes contact with y2 and 2, the
connection between the contact pieces and the electro-magnets may be made in a
similar manner to that described in Figures 19, 19 and 19B.
In this invention I do not in any way bind myself to these particular designs of
diaphone, for it is clear that they may be considerably multiplied without departing
from the principle of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A diaphone or device for producing tones suitable for use in organs or the
like in which a valve or valves controlling the admission of air to a pipe is thrown
into vibration by a motor substantially as described.
2. The various forms of diaphone substantially as described and illustrated in the
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 20.
3. The combination of an alternating or intermittent blast of air such as produced
by the aforesaid diaphone for operating bells and other similar producers of sound
appertaining to organs substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 9.
4. A reed having its tongue or valve placed on that side of the plate or seat more
distant from the active wind supply substantially as described and illustrated in
Figures 5, 6, and 6*.
5. Improvements in or appertaining to organ pipes substantially as described and
illustrated in Figures 11 to 15.
6. The combination of a diaphone valve or valves with a flue or reed pipe
substantially as described and illustrated in connection with Figure 10.
7. In the construction of organ bellows, the use of springs between the weights
and body of the bellows,

page_text: 8. The composition keys substantially as described and illustrated by Figures 19,
19A, 19, and 22, 22ª.
9. For the better control of an organ, the use of simple or compounded keys
capable of three movements, the first controlling the tone of a manual, the second
providing a suitable bass on the pedals and the third accomplishing both of these
objects, substantially as described.
Dated this 10th day of September 1895.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.