matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CORKS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Cartwright at the Office
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1859.
I, GEORGE CARTWRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CORKS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the avoidance of the use of corkscrews in
drawing corks from bottles and jars. With this view I pass through a cork
a loop of string, riband, or wire, securing the same; when either of the two
first materials are employed on the under side of a blank or washer of metal,
bone, horn, wood, or other suitable material at the bottom end of the cork or
by a simple knot. The string, riband, or wire protruding through the top of
the cork in the form of a loop, affords a ready means, by the insertion of a
penknife, pencil, key, or small stick of any kind, of pulling out the cork
without a screw, consequently avoiding the loss of time and waste of corks
contingent upon the present method of opening bottles; for my improved
corks after having been used for certain kinds of wines, beer, soda water, or
other fluids inoperative upon the cork, are again fit for use.
When wire is
used for the loop, the mode of securing it is by means of a washer or blank as
already described, or simply by twisting up the ends at the bottom of the cork ;
no obstacle is offered to the corking of bottles, as the loop of string or riband
will not be in the way at all, and the wire will admit of being hammered quite
flat and opened out again when it may be required to draw the cork. There

page_text: may be various ways of inserting the wire through the cork, but that which I
find the best is to insert two ends of wire separately, and at some little distance
apart, through the cork from the top, and twisting the ends together at the
bottom of the cork, thus secure the wire from repassing through the cork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ecroyd, John Dodgeon,
and Jonathan Heyworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd December 1859.
We, EDWARD ECROYD, of Limefield, in Little Marsden, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, JouN DODGEON, of Burnley, in the said County,
Machinist, and JONATHAN HEYWORTII, of Little Marsden aforesaid, Power-
loom Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of an improved mode of working the swivels
or vibrators employed for weaving plain selvedges on twilled fabrics. Wo
cause the said swivels or vibrators to work upon a rod extending across the
loom below the warp, or upon studs placed for the purpose, the said rod and
studs being fixed at any suitable position to the framework of the loom. The
swivels or vibrators are made to vibrate in the usual manner by passing each
yarn thread of the warp through two or more healds, according to the kind of
twill, but by causing them to work upon a rod or studs we obtain great
steadiness and certainty of action. By placing the swivels or vibrators at any
desired place betwixt the selvedges, plain stripes may be woven parallel with
them.
Secondly, of an improved variable tappet for altering the depth of the shed."
The tappet is of the ordinary shape, but instead of fixing it at once upon the
tappet shaft we cause the hole in the boss to fit the exterior of an eccentric,

page_text: the latter being fixed to the tappet shaft. By changing the position of the
eccentric within the boss of the tappet, and afterwards fixing it with a set
screw or key, we obtain corresponding changes in the depth of the shed.
This improved variable tappet is applicable to looms where two or more tappets
are employed.
Thirdly, of certain arrangements for giving an oscillating motion to a
temple or bar extending across the loom below the cloth. To the said bar
or temple is fixed one or more adjustable levers or fingers, which are acted
upon by levers or inclines connected to the lay or lathe, so that at every beat
the bar or temple shall be slightly raised, by which means we obtain a better
cover of the cloth.
Fourthly, of an improved mode of connecting the ends of the check strap.
Each end is bent where it passes over the picker spindle, so that a short
piece of leather may be attached to it between the bend, the other end of the
short piece passing through the end of the shuttle box, fixed either with or
without a spring in any convenient manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE BARS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by James Rothwell Rostron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
August 1859.
I, JAMES ROTHWELL ROSTRON, of Edenfield, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE
BARS" to be as follows:-
My improvements in furnace bars consist in applying to them a coating or
covering of fire-clay, whereby they are protected from the heat of the fire. I
make these coverings of a suitable thickness on the upper part to afford
strength and substance suitable for the purpose, and so as to extend down-
wards on one or both sides of the bar. I make the iron bars comparatively
thin to render them light, and afford room for substance in the fire-clay
material without much increasing the breadth of the bars. These coverings
I make of the full length of the bar, or they may be made in short lengths
and applied continuously; holes may be made through the side flanges of the
fire-clay coverings, and through the bars so as to fix them by through pins.
I manufacture these coverings in the ordinary way of making & burning
articles of fire-clay.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS CAPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Aldrich at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1859.
I, EDWARD HENRY ALDRICII, of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LADIES' DRESS CAPS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to improvements in ladies' dress caps,
with the view of obviating the necessity of uniting the materials by stitching
or sewing as at present, so as to simplify the manufacture thereof, consists in
securing the ordinary materials, such as lace or otherwise, to the common
bobbin net or other similar foundations by the employment of cements or
other adhesive substances through the medium of heat and pressure by
suitable blocks or otherwise, and attaching flowers or other ornamentation
thereto by metallic ties or fastenings.
THE TREATMENT OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER RAGS AND WASTE OF FIBROUS SUBSTANCES SO AS TO OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Earnshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1859.
I, GEORGE EARNSHAW, of Horbury near Wakefield, in the County of York,
Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
TREATMENT OF WOOLLEN AND OTHER RAGS AND WASTE OF FIBROUS SUBSTANCES SO
AS TO OBTAIN USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to reducing such substances to a powder or "dust,"
which dust may be used in various manufactures, and consists in subjecting
such substances to the action of a grindstone or other rough surface in motion;
the rags or other fibrous substances being supplied and held thereto by feed
rollers. The grindstone, or other rough surface, is kept true and clean by
running two stones in contact with each other, as described in the Specification
of a Patent granted to William Muir, and dated March 12th, 1853, No. 621,
or by applying a scraper, or brush, or other suitable means. .
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRT FRONTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1859.
I, FREDERICK JOHN JONES, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRT FRONTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to those shirt fronts known as "dickeys," and consists
in a new arrangement of neckband and collar, which also affords the means of
securing the false front on the neck of the wearer. From the centre of the
front of the neck a band is carried to such an extent on one side as to reach
about the middle of the back of the neck, and is a simple band; a button or
stud should be attached at its end. From the front and on the opposite side
the same band, carrying a collar or not, according to the taste of the wearer,
is carried completely round the back of the neck, and then over the part of
the band first mentioned round to the front, and then secured by button or
stud. A button-hole is cut in the "collar" band, through which the button
on the other part of the band is passed, to keep the band or band and collar
neat and in place at the back of the neck.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE AND VACUUM GAUGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1859.
I, JAMES WEBSTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE AND VACUUM GAUGES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to pressure and vacuum gauges, and consist,
firstly, in the manufacture by electro-deposition or otherwise, and application
of a metallic tube corrugated in circular lines, equally susceptible of elonga-
tion and contraction. Secondly, of imparting a correct motion to gauges, by
means of an arrangement in connection with the horizontal bar and segmental
rack, which said arrangement consists of a ring or link connection in lieu of
the ordinary ball joint.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS, GOODS, AND MINERALS, AND ALSO IN THE APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brennand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1859.
I, JOHN BRENNAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF
PASSENGERS, GOODS, AND MINERALS, AND ALSO IN THE APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to a new mode of constructing vehicles for
carrying passengers, by making, forming, or constructing them of sheet metal,
and of a circular or cylindrical form, with the axle passing through or under-
neath the centre of the body, the wheels being recessed into the sides in order
to gain the full width from outside to outside of the wheels for inside space.
The body is carried low so as to be near the ground, and may be fitted to
carry a great number of passengers in a short length by arranging the seats
in tiers one above another, which construction of vehicle may be propelled by
steam or drawn by horses, or by both powers combined.
Secondly, to a new mode of constructing wagons for carrying minerals or
goods of any kind, by making them of sheet metal of a circular or cylindrical
form, the wheels being recessed into the side, and the body being close to the
ground, by which means a greater weight than at present can be carried
without taking up a greater length or width, and a stronger wagon obtained
with less bulk and weight.

page_text: Thirdly, my improvements relate to a mode of assisting "steam carriages," by
constructing them with rods worked directly by steam cylinders, and striking
or pushing on the ground at a suitable angle, or by the use of levers of wood
or metal applied to the backs of the wheels in such a manner as that, when
motion is given to them they will lift the wheels forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frost at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1859.
I, CHARLES FROST, of Sun Tavern Fields, St. George's-in-the-East, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
electric telegraph cables. For this purpose the telegraphic conductor or con-
ductors are first coated with gutta percha or other insulating material as
heretofore, and then surrounded with rings of metal, which are slipped over
the conductor or conductors while open, and then closed thereon by suitable
nipping instruments.
Between the metal rings are introduced rings of cork or other elastic
material, so that the metal rings nowhere come immediately in contact the
one with the other. To complete the cable, a covering of hemp or other
fibrous material is put on over the rings either spirally or otherwise.
By the use of metal rings, as before described, the conductor or conductors
are effectually protected from damage, and at the same time a very flexible
cable is obtained. The rings also prevent the covering of hemp or other
material from pressing on the conductor or conductors which are thus left
entirely free from the exterior covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Swan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September.
1859.
I, HENRY SWAN, of 5, Bishopsgate Street Without, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC
PICTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stereoscopes and stereoscopic
pictures. Heretofore it has been usual in the construction of stereoscopes to
employ prisms or lenses of the samo magnifying power opposite each of the
eyes, and to use them in conjunction with pictures, in which the two views
forming the stereoscopic combination are of equal size. Now, according to my
Invention I construct stereoscopes with prisms or lenses of different magnifying
powers, that is to say, the prism or lens opposite one eye exceeds in magnifying.
power the prism or lense opposite to the other eye, and I use such instruments.
in conjunction with pictures in which the two views forming the stereoscopic
combination are of different sizes, corresponding with the different powers. of
the prisms or lenses opposite the two eyes, and these pictures, according to my.
Invention, I connect together by attaching them both in suitable positions to
the same mounting. In this manner, by the use of the large picture only, I
am enabled to obtain stereoscopic effect combined with minuteness of detail,
such as a large picture alone can give; and am also enabled to arrange the
instrument in a form which is much more convenient than that of the instruments
heretofore employed for viewing large pictures. In some cases I construct

page_text: instruments having one prism or lens only, the large picture being then seen
without the aid of a prism or lens.
Magnifying mirrors may be employed in place of prisms and lenses, but not
IMPROVEMENTS IN WADS FOR PROJECTILES, AND IN PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1859.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of Bessborough Gardens, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WADS FOR PROJECTILES, AND IN PROJECTILES TO BE USED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My said Invention has reference to that description of projectile (whether
solid or hollow in the interior) which is used with rifled guns, and is manu-
factured of an elongated form, or is diminished or tapered in its diameters or
transverse dimensions from its greatest diameter or transverse dimension
towards its tail end, and is used with a wad upon its tail end or hinder
portion.
And my said Invention consists in constructing the said wads of a metallic
case or covering, enclosing a series of equal, separate, and easily and uniformly
separable portions or pieces, held together by and within it, or enclosing a ring
or rings of gutta percha, hemp, cotton, or any fibrous or other suitable
material, or enclosing sawdust, bran, or other suitable granular vegetable
material, or enclosing chalk, sand, or other earthy powder or material. This
covering serves not only to ensure uniformity of manufacture and to prevent
charring of the contents, but further, when the projectile leaves the muzzle
of the cannon, this covering is intended to burst and allow the separable

page_text: portions of the other materials at once easily and uniformly to quit the
tail end of the projectile, and not by failure in this respect to cause an
improper or indirect effect upon its flight. The metal case or covering may
extend so as completely to inclose the wad, or only to cover the exterior
surfaces, which will bear or rub against the bore of the cannon, or otherwise
only partially to cover the wad according to the mode of making the same, or
according to the material employed. In any case I prefer to make annular
or other flutings or grooves or swells or bosses upon the metal case upon and
all round its external surface, and to cover such flutings, grooves, or swells
with grease or other antifriction material. The case or covering may be
made with partial cuts or divisions to assist or permit of the separation of the
parts.
And my said Invention consists in constructing the hinder portions of such
projectiles with a slight recess forming a shoulder against which the wad is
intended to fit so as to ensure its lying perfectly true and square upon or at
right angles to the axis of the projectile, or with small ribs or rings around
that portion on which the wad is to fit, instead of or in combination with such
recess, so as temporarily to hold it in its place during the act of loading, and
until the cannon is fired, and also to hold it square upon the projectile, such
ribs or rings nevertheless not obstructing the twisting movement of the
projectile within the wad.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING SUGAR CANES AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1859.-A communication from Saint Jean Thérése, residing
at Lamentin, Martinique, French Colony.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent Agents,
128, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING
SUGAR CANES AND OTHER MATERIALS," a communication from Saint Jean Thérése,
residing at Lamentin, Martinique, French Colony, to be as follows:-
I fix upon a platform or foundation a strong framework of wood or metal,
having bearings for the shafts of the crushing cylinders, and also for the main
driving shaft, which latter is divided in the centre, and furnished with two
cranks. Upon the shafts of the two lower cylinders toothed wheels are fixed
in the usual manner, geared into another wheel on the top cylinder shaft, at
the end of which is a large toothed wheel geared into a pinion on the driving
shaft, the cranks of which are connected by rods to a double set of compound
levers, which are again connected to long levers at each side or end of the
apparatus. The aforesaid long levers are acted upon alternately either by
hand or power, giving motion to the intermediate levers and cranks, the effect
of which is transmitted by means of the gearing to the crushing cylinders,
which act effectively either by the power of two men or by any other equi-
valent obtained by water or any other motive power.
PREVENTING OSCILLATION OF THE LAST CARRIAGE OF A RAILWAY TRAIN, AND GIVING RIGIDITY AND STEADINESS THROUGHOUT THE TRAIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Furey Tourrier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1859.
I, JEAN FUREY TOURRIER, of 41, Manchester Street, Manchester Square,
(W.) in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "PREVENTING OSCILLATION OF THE LAST CARRIAGE OF A RAILWAY
TRAIN, AND GIVING RIGIDITY AND STEADINESS THROUGHOUT THE TRAIN," to be as
follows, and done according to the plan herewith given:
The annexed plan represents the under part of a railway carriage, and a
plan for preventing the oscillation of the last carriage of a railway train, also
to give rigidity & steadiness throughout the train.
Oscillation shall be prevented by placing the action of drawing at the two-
third back or thereabouts of the carriage, and a secondary or slight action of
drawing at the one-third front or thereabouts of the same carriage; the
whole connected by chains or rods with the shackles now in use. The rigidity
and steadiness shall be obtained by coupling chains, fitting so as to be assist-
ant to the shackles and supporters to the carriage in case of need in unforseen

page_text: fixed, receiving the chains or rods provided with a catch to the chains or rods,
as indicated in the plan-a rod at that part would be necessary; No. 3, chains
or rods connecting 1-2, to iron bar 4; No. 4, iron bar connecting the whole
action by chains or rods to the shackles. This bar to be provided with springs
which are only brought to action when springs Nos. 1 & 2 are in full tension.
No. 5, coupling chains as they are in use at present; No. 6, coupling chains
as they must be on this last carriage and throughout the train to prevent
oscillation, separation, to assist shackles, &c., and give rigidity.
In- PROVED STEERING APPARATUS FOR SHIPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tenwick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1859.
I, JOHN TENWICK, of Clarendon Street (Albion Foundry), Portsmouth,
Hampshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVED STEERING APPARATUS FOR SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain new mechanical arrangements by which
the operations of turning the rudder partly round and locking the same at each
change of position thereof may be effected in a simple and efficient manner,
and, further, the rudder post by this Invention has free liberty of vertical move-
ment in the event of the rudder striking against or upon any hard substance,
thus preventing injury thereto. The mechanism consists of the following
parts, that is to say :-Within a hollow casting, which is to be secured to the
deck of the vessel, I arrange horizontally a worm wheel, the teeth of which
are so formed as to gear into and actuate right and left handed worms placed
at opposite sides or edges of said worm wheel, said worms being respectively
fixed upon revolving spindles, upon one end of each of which a spur wheel is
fixed and gears into a larger spur wheel, upon the opposite end of the axis or shaft
whereof the tiller is fixed. The axis of the before-mentioned worm wheel is
formed hollow, and such part receives the upper part or head of the rudder
post, which should be so formed, as also the part of the worm wheel through
which it passes, as to admit of the post moving vertically through the same;
the horizontal movement of the rudder being effected by the axis of the worm

page_text: wheel working in a circular hole or bearing in the before-mentioned hollow
casting. There is a pointer on the head of the rudder post, and a divided
index plate beneath, so that the helmsman can at all times ascertain the relative
position of the rudder with the vessel or ship. A steering apparatus thus
constructed is easy to work in consequence of the rudder being always
dead locked by the right and left handed worms and worm wheel above-
mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hosking, of No. 5, Catherine Terrace, Gates-
head-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, and Thomas Cock, of Cleator
Moor, near Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES."
Sealed the 21st April 1859, and dated the 1st February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hosking and Thomas
Cock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st February 1859.
We, JOHN HOSKING, of No. 5, Catherine Terrace, Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the
County of Durham, and THOMAS COCK, of Cleator Moor, near Whitehaven,
in the County of Cumberland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the inversion of the ordinary draught in
furnaces or fire-places.
This is accomplished by closing the back of the furnace where the bridge
is ordinarily placed, and also by closing the ash-pit where the draught is
usually admitted to the grate. The ordinary fire-door is dispensed with, and
the doorway thus becomes the opening for the admission of the draught,
which will pass down between the fire-bars to the ordinary flue leading to the

page_text: chimney, thereby effecting a more complete combustion of the fuel, and conse-
quent diminution of smoke. The ordinary fire-door may be retained, but
used only as a damper or regulator for the admission of air.
In the case of furnaces for steam boilers, or where heavy firing is required,
we prefer to use tubular bars, through which water may circulate or the feed
water be supplied.
The same principle may be also applied to other fire-places by closing up
the ordinary opening to the chimney over the fire-place, and making an opening
into the chimney underneath the grate.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF MACHINERY FOR DRAWING OR EXTRACTING THE GAS, FLAME, OR SMOKE FROM FURNACES, AND FORCING THE SAME INTO THEM OR INTO THE CUPOLA, TO BE USED AS BLAST OR FUEL FOR MELTING IRON OR MINES OF ANY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Adams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1859.
I, EDWARD ADAMS, of the Stanton Iron Works, in the County of Derby,
Furnace Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE EMPLOYMENT OF MACHINERY FOR DRAWING OR EXTRACTING THE GAS, FLAME,
OR SMOKE FROM FURNACES, AND FORCING THE SAME INTO THEM OR INTO THE
CUPOLA, TO BE USED AS BLAST OR FUEL FOR MELTING IRON OR MINES OF ANY
DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of machinery for drawing or
extracting the gas, flame, or smoke from furnaces, and forcing the same into
them or into the cupola, to be used as blast or fuel for melting iron or mines
of any description, by which I effect a considerable saving in the consumption
of fuel from the means heretofore in use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ORNAMENTING METAL PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1859.
I, EDWIN SMITH, of the Marble Works, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ORNAMENTING METAL PIPES OR TUBES, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new mode of ornamenting or decorating metal
pipes or tubes, suitable for gasfittings and other purposes where ornamental
pipes or tubing may be advantageously employed. According to this Invention
it is proposed to ornament metal pipes or tubes by engraving or cutting orna-
mental designs upon their surfaces by the aid of a self-acting screw-cutting
lathe or other similar mechanical contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING IN, TWISTING, OR LOOMING TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abel Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1859.
I, ABEL JONES, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING IN, TWISTING, OR LOOMING TEXTILE
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Instead of passing or drawing the yarn, thread, or warp through the eyes of
the healds by hand, as hitherto adopted, I effect the same by machinery or
apparatus. I place the reed in front of the healds, with a dividing apparatus
below it, acted upon by change wheels, so that the divisions of movement will
correspond with the spaces of the reed. The drawing in of the yarn through
the healds is effected by a triangular motion, worked by a shaft acting on
mechanical fingers which push hooks through the eyes of the heald. When the
yarn is placed on the hooks, they are drawn back again, drawing the yarn
with them, which yarn is afterwards passed through the reed by a self-acting
hook, the said fingers and hooks being connected with the dividing apparatus,
all the movements being perfectly self-acting, and working with exactness and
rapidity. Or instead of the triangular motion, I can use a cam or any similar
mechanical contrivance.
A SELF-HEATING IRONING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1859. A communication from abroad by Charles Jean Eugene Baptiste
Cailloué, of Paris, Barrister.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 52, King William Street, in the City of Lon-
don, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A SELF-HEATING IRONING APPARATUS," communicated to me
from abroad by Charles Jean Eugene Baptiste Cailloüé, of Paris, Barrister,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that particular class of ironing implements known
and distinguished as "box irons," and consists, first, in so constructing the same
as that it shall have two working surfaces, either of which may be used as
desired; and secondly, in heating the same by means of a spirit lamp con-
nected thereto and movable therewith. The following is the construction of
the said ironing apparatus proposed to be used in lieu of the ordinary "box-
irons," that is to say, I form a hollow rectangular shaped casting of metal,
two opposite sides whereof are formed smooth and flat, the other two sides
have openings formed therein to admit air thereinto to support combustion of
the flame of a lamp, the wick of which is placed therein, said lamp being at
the outside of one end of the aforesaid hollow casting. The ends of this casting
are embraced by a handle capable of revolving on or around axes fixed or
connected to the ends of said casting, so that as the heat from the flame
therein imparts such heat to the uppermost surface of the said hollow casting,

page_text: this surface may be turned downwards (the handle being kept vertical) and used,
whilst the other surface, which is now uppermost, becomes heated; and when
the lowermost surface becomes too cold for use, the opposite heated surface
may then be brought into use as before stated, the lamp always remaining
stationary with respect to the revolving part of the
apparatus.
A BRACE BUCKLE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Brierley and George
Old at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 23rd May 1859.
We, JOHN HENRY BRIERLEY, Manufacturer, Stannary Works, Halifax, and
GEORGE OLD, Warehouseman, of Temple Street, Birmingham, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A BRACE BUCKLE," to be as
follows:-
We make use of any of the various kinds of brace buckles, the lower
portion of which we form into a hook; to one side of the hook we attach a
small spring, allowing a portion of the spring to pass through a slot in the
metal or other material to the inside of the hook in such way and manner,
that upon slipping a ring of iron or other material upon the hook, it comes in
contact with the spring, and so displaces it that the ring passes forward to the
place intended for its reception. The spring returns to its original position,
thereby securing the ring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING FRUITS AND IN APPARATUS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Northcote Ryder at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1859.
I, JOHN NORTHCOTE RYDER, of Bexley Heath, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING
FRUITS AND IN APPARATUS USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements iu preserving fruits, and in
apparatus used for such purposes. For these purposes the fruit (which should
be as fresh as possible) is placed in a suitable pan or vessel, to which heat can
be conveniently applied, and, by preference, by a steam jacket. This pan or
vessel is arranged in a suitable manner to have the atmospheric air and vapour
removed therefrom by a suitable air pump or apparatus for obtaining vacuum.
The pan or vessel is by preference circular with its bottom slightly inclining
to the centre, where there is a valve to withdraw the charge when completed.
This pan or vessel is set in a jacket, and is stayed thereto in order to give
strength. Around the upper edge of the pan or vessel is formed a hollow
groove to receive the lower edge of a dome-shaped cover. At the bottom of
the hollow groove a ring of vulcanized india-rubber is inserted, so that when
the dome-shaped cover is pressed down by the external atmosphere, the joint
will be rendered sufficiently airtight, or, if desired, fusible metal or other
suitable fluid or material may be applied in the hollow ring; the fruit is placed
on the bottom of the pan or vessel, and over it is dusted the requisite quantity
of refined sugar; the cover is lowered, and communication is opened with the
air pump or apparatus used for withdrawing the air and vapour. The extent

page_text: of vacuum may be varied according to the effect desired to be produced, and a
guage is employed to indicate the vacuum. By these means the fruit may be
preserved without having such high degrees of heat applied thereto as are
now employed when boiling fruit in open vessels.
AN IM- PROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TOBACCO
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Carpenter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
September 1859.
I, FREDERICK CARPENTER, of Porter Street, in the City of Westminster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended chiefly for the use of smokers to cut their own
tobacco. Inside a box and against one side I screw a cutting edge, and pivot
to one end thereof a knife or shear. On the outer end of this shear is a pro-
jecting pin; a spring fitted inside the box acts on the under side of the pin, and
keeps the shear raised; a lever, one end of which is free to move on a stud
fixed in the box, rests on the top of the projecting pin, while the other end of
the lever is bent up and terminates in a button or cross head outside the case.
An aperture for the introduction of the tobacco is made in the side of the box,
and a guard or guide in the shape of a metal wire or plate is fixed to cause the
shear to descend properly with respect to the cutting edge. One side and
bottom of the box may be made to slide, for getting at the interior and for
removing the cut tobacco. The cutting is effected by pressing down the bent
lever; the spring inside the box performs the return stroke. In some cases I
dispense with the bent lever, and prolong the pin projecting from the shear and
work it from the outside of the box; a slot is formed in the side of the box to
allow the pin to move in.
A NEW SYSTEM OF PUMPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Joseph Jeannin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1859.
I, LOUIS JOSEPH JEANNIN, of the Town of Pontarlier, Department of the
Doubs, Empire of France, a Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF PUMPS," to be as follows:-
In the usual construction of pump but one piston is used for raising and
cjecting the liquid, my proposed improvement consists in raising and ejecting
a greater quantity of liquid without additional power, and by apparatus of
equal dimensions, in which I use two, three, or more pistons, as required.
These pistons are placed and act as follows:-In the body of the pump formed
of a cylinder and two plates, I place, by means of grooves in the plates, two,
four, or six partitions closing hermetically, and between these partitions, by
means of a driving shaft traversing the body of the pump, I move pallets or
fans, which are nicely adjusted and form piston, consequently, as at the side of
each partition there are two valves, the one opening inwards and the other
outwards, it is only necessary to push the piston from one partition to the
other to raise and eject the fluid. Beneath the suction valves a reservoir is
formed to supply all the valves, and above the discharge valves a reservoir
for their service. This system may be used for fire-engines and any suction
or force-pump, and be formed of any metal or material deemed advisable.
A METHOD OF PURI- FYING THE THAMES AND OTHER RIVERS, AND OF TREATING NIGHT SOIL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Heckford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 16th September
1859.
I, NATHANIEL HECKFORD, of Forest Gate, in the County of Essex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A METHOD OF PURI-
FYING THE THAMES AND OTHER RIVERS, AND OF TREATING NIGHT SOIL," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the introduction of sea water into the Thames and
other rivers, forced by power, and delivered at two or more parts or points,
say for the Thames at Chelsea and Blackfriars.
I treat night soil by introducing sea water into cesspools or other receivers,
from which the soil is led into some source other than the river, and through
sewers or channels made for that purpose. The soil is subsequently collected
and applied as manure, its fertilizing properties being increased by the mixture
therewith of the sea water.
IMPROVED GEARING FOR GINS OR HORSE MILLS, APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING, WINNOWING, AND OTHER PURPOSES REQUIRING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kammerer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1859. A communication from Messrs. Lotz, of Pouancé (Main-et-
Loire,) France.
I, GEORGE KAMMERER, of Lombard Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED GEARING
FOR GINS OR HORSE MILLS, APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING, WINNOWING, AND OTHER
PURPOSES REQUIRING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
Gins or horse mills constructed according to this Invention consist of a
central base or pedestal suitably bolted down, on which is errected a central
column, the frame and pole of which the horse or other animal actuates; the
mill is mounted and moves round on the lower part of this column; it carries
a wheel or rim having internal teeth, this gears with a pinion fixed on a
vertical shaft mounted in bearings supported by the central column, a wheel
keyed on the upper end of this shaft gears with a pinion mounted on a stud
in the top of the column. This pinion is fixed to or cast of a piece with a
bevil wheel, also rotating on the same stud, which bevil wheel gears into a
pinion whose axis is in direct communication with the shaft, by which the
motive power is to be communicated to the purpose desired. The bevil
pinion and its axis are supported by a bearing or bearings raised from the
central column before mentioned. In order to insure sufficient freedom in
transmitting the motion by the horizontal shaft, a universal joint is interposed
between it and the bevil pinion shaft.
AN IMPROVED CON- STRUCTION OF STAY FASTENING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1859.
I, CALEB HILL, of Cheddar, in the County of Somerset, Stay Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CON-
STRUCTION OF STAY FASTENING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of stay fastening, which will
permit of the stay or bodice being slackened or tightened as required to suit
the comfort of the wearer, without the necessity for slackening or tightening.
the lacing cord, with which stays or bodices are frequently provided. To this
end I avail myself of the width of the broad steel or busk as at present used
and secured to one edge of the stay, and I form upon it near its upper and
lower ends two, three, or more sockets, abreast of each other, to receive the
forked or pointed ends of the steel blade attached to the other or adjoining
edge of the stay, and at about the middle of the steel busk I form two, three,
or more slots abreast of each other, instead of one slot as heretofore, their
number corresponding to the number of the sockets at either end of the steel.
The forked or pointed steel blade I provide as usual with a hook or catch at or
near the middle of its length to take into the slots formed in the broad steel.
According, therefore, as the stay or bodice is required to be worn either tight
or loose, so may it be adjusted with facility to one or other of the gradations to
suit the convenience of the wearer.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN MINES, TO BE CALLED A MINING PARACHUTE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
July 1859. A communication from abroad by Mr. Fontaine, of the
Mines of Anzin, Department du Nord, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge & Son, (Patent
Agents,) of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN MINES, TO BE CALLED A MINING
PARACHUTE," a communication from abroad by Mr. Fontaine, of the Mines of
Anzin, Department du Nord, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
Several parachutes and other apparatus have been proposed and tried for
the purpose of preventing the fall of a cage or platform in the event of
breakage of the cable, but hitherto with little success. I propose to obtain
the desired result by the use of an apparatus or mining parachute to be con-
structed as follows:-An iron summer or cross piece is fixed at a suitable
distance from the upper framing of the cage by three flat iron bars which
form fastening to an iron covering plate. Two rods pass through the first-
mentioned cross piece, and also through a grooved cross piece formed by
plates and ties, which guide the rods, and serve for fulcrum to arms hinged at
one end to the rods and which are furnished at the other end with case-
bardened claws, destined in case of breakage of the cable to penetrate into
the guides or uprights, and are assisted in this by helical springs which

page_text: draw down the rods; nuts are screwed on the ends of the rods to fix and
give the necessary tension to the springs, which should be of the best steel wire,
and should consist of ten or eleven spires, slido boxes keep the springs in a
proper position, and in case of breakage keep the spires superposed, so
that they act in every case. The guides run from top to bottom of the shaft,
and are bolted to wood fixed in the masonry or side of the shaft, two half
circles of iron serve as attachments to the cage and cable. An iron shaft
held by a pair of cast-iron supports fixed to intermediary guides carries an
arm which is at its other end attached to bolts. A lever fixed on the iron
shaft, and carrying a balance weight when lifted withdraws the bolts, permits
the summer or cross piece first-mentioned to descend, and the fall of the cage
is arrested by lowering the lever. The apparatus resumes its original position,
and the cage may be raised or lowered at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: I, JOHN ORR, of 31, South Albion Street, Glasgow, in the Employ of
Mess. Laird and Thompson, of Glasgow, aforesaid, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving ornamental
fabrics.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to myself and James Templeton,
dated the 23rd of April 1855, a method of manufacturing an ornamental fabric
is described, according to which method two sets of warps are employed, an
inner and an outer warp; the outer warp is that which ties the fabric together,
and is shed either by heddles or jacquard. The object of the inner warp is to
cover and conceal the weft shoots at such points as the pattern requires; and
it is actuated usually by jacquard. The method of producing the fabric
therein described is as follows:-A shed is formed in the outer and also in the
inner warp, and a weft shoot of a suitable color is laid in; the shed of the
inner warp is then reversed, and a weft shoot of another color laid in, both
these shoots being in the same shed of the outer warp; the shed of the outer
warp is then changed as the nature of the tie to be produced may require, and
the operation is repeated. In this manner a fabric is produced having similar
patterns but in different colors on its two faces. In a similar manner three or

page_text: a greater number of weft shoots may be introduced into each shed of the
outer warp.
Now one part of the present Invention consists in laying two shoots in place
of one, as heretofore, into each shed of the inner warp; this method of
working admits of the loom being simplified by using apparatus for changing
the shuttle at one end of the batten only in place of at both ends, as has been
necessary heretofore when producing such fabrics.
Another part of the Invention consists in producing fabrics of a similar
description, but having one face only. In producing such a fabric, the process
is as follows: A shed is opened in the inner warp, and a weft shoot is
introduced, whilst the whole of the outer warp is above the shed of the inner
warp. The outer warp then descends, and is by a process of cross weaving
lapped round the inner warp and again brought up over the inner warp, in
which another shed is then opened; another weft is laid in this shed, and thus
the operation is continued.