IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING STONES, ORES, BONES, AND OTHER SUB- STANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edward Hall, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING,
CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING STONES, ORES, BONES, AND OTHER SUB-
STANCES."
Sealed the 23rd June 1876, and dated the 18th April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edward Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1876.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING STONES, ORES,
BONES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My Invention relates, firstly, to such stone-breaking machines as have several
vibrating jaws which work opposite corresponding fixed jaws, and are hung side
by side on the same shaft or fulcrum, and the first part of my said Invention con-
sists of the improvements herein-after described in actuating the said vibrating
jaws. I form on or affix to the driving shaft of the machine, cranks, excentrics, or
cams, one for each vibrating jaw, and I mount on the said excentrics connecting
rods, the lower ends of which are connected by toggles to the vibrating jaws. The
cranks, excentrics, or cams are formed on or affixed to their shaft at different radial
angles so as to successively actuate the vibrating jaws. Thus some of the said jaws
will be advancing to while the others are receding from the fixed jaws, so that
while the advancing jaws are operating on the stones the receding jaws leave a
passage for the stones which have been broken. The strain on the machine is tlius
greatly diminished, and the said machine can consequently be made lighter than
machines of the ordinary construction.
0
The foregoing improvements are applicable both to machines constructed with
vibrating and fixed jaws, and to to machines in which a lever is made to partially
encircle a roller.
My Invention relates further to stone-breaking machines constructed with a
single vibrating jaw, and consists in actuating the said jaw by a double or triple
cam affixed to the driving shaft, motion being transmitted from the said cam to the
said jaw by a connecting rod and toggles as heretofore, so that for every revolution
of the said driving shaft the said jaw shall be caused to vibrate twice or thrice as
the case may be. The machine is thus caused to do more work with a given speed
Price 1

page_text: of driving shaft than a machine of the ordinary construction: Friction rollers or
bars are interposed between the connecting rod and the driving shaft, the lower
roller (when rollers are used) being pressed upwards by a spring so as to keep it
tight against the shaft. I prefer to make the connecting rod in two halves, and to
bolt them together so as to enclose the wearing parts, and protect them from dust
and grit.
Wearing faces of any suitable construction may be fixed to the vibrating and
fixed jaws, but I prefer to cast the said vibrating jaw with suitable projections
across its face and insert such wearing faces in the recesses thus formed, and fix the
said faces therein by means of wedges driven sideways between the said faces and
the projections. By using wedges as described I am enabled to dispense with the
bolts or wedge-shaped pieces held by bolts which are used in some machines for
fixing the wearing faces to the jaws.
==
My Invention consists further of an improved machine for further reducing stones
or other substances which have been broken by a stone-breaking machine. The
said improved machine is constructed as follows:- On two horizontal shafts,
mounted parallel to one another, two pairs of rollers are affixed, the first pair being
of smaller diameter than the second. There is thus a greater space between the
peripheries of the first pair of rollers than between the peripheries of the second
pair of rollers, the first pair being for breaking the substance to a size suitable for
further reduction by the second pair. Under the rollers I mount at a suitable
inclination a shaking flat or other riddle, and on one of the shafts I key a raff wheel
or elevator. The gearing for driving the rollers is the same as that described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me in conjunction with Charles Edward
Bainbridge, and bearing date 21st April, A.D. 1875 (No. 1460) among other pub-
lications, and consists essentially of an internally toothed wheel keyed on one of
the roller shafts, in which toothed wheel works a pinion so mounted on an excentric
driven by a friction pulley that the revolution of the said excentric causes the said
pinion to impart a slow rotatory motion to the outer wheel.
The pinion is pre-
vented from revolving by a tail piece of the usual kind. I connect the lower end
of this tail piece which has a reciprocatory motion to a rocking shaft below, on
which are formed or affixed arms, which are connected to the riddle aforesaid, so as
to give a compound shaking motion thereto. On the periphery of the internally
toothed wheel aforesaid I cast coarse teeth which engage with the teeth of a wheel
affixed to the opposite roller shaft and drive the same.
When a heavy duty has to be done by the machine duplicate driving gear may
be mounted on both ends of the shaft. The roller shaft carrying the driving gear
revolves in fixed bearings, and the other roller shaft revolves in bearings so arranged
as to be capable of yielding in the event of a piece of iron getting in between the
rollers, or of the machine being otherwise subjected to undue strain.
The action of this machine is as follows:-As the rollers revolve the stuff which
is broken up by the first pair of rolls falls between them on to the riddle, which
separates the coarser portion from the finer portion, and delivers the former to the
raff wheel aforesaid, which raises it on to an inclined shoot, which delivers it to the
fine crushing rollers, after passing through which the crushed stuff is again sifted by
the riddle; that portion which will not pass through the said riddle being again
raised by the raff wheel and delivered by it to the fine crushing rollers to be re-
crushed.
Crushing machines constructed as herein-before described are simpler and more
easily worked and the cost of maintenance is much reduced.
My Invention consists further of the improvements herein-after described in
crushing machines (such as bone-crushing machines) in which toothed rings are
used. I make the said rings internally of an octagonal or other angular form, and
I key on to the shaft on which the said rings are ordinarily mounted a sleeve, the
external form of which corresponds in cross section with the internal form of the
said rings. The several faces of the said sleeve have a slight twist, the pitch of
which I make greater or less, according as the teeth of the rings are coarse or fine.

page_text: Or the rings may be made circular internally with key ways and fitted on to a
cylindrical sleeve on which a rib or ribs is or are formed with the necessary twist.
By either of these arrangements the whole of the rings on one shaft may be readily
so adjusted as to bring their teeth into the same relative position with those of the
rings on the opposite shaft.
My Invention consists further in combining with disintegrating machines crushing
apparatus of the kinds herein-before described, but made on a smaller scale so that
the substance operated upon shall be first crushed and then reduced to powder in
one and the same machine.
In constructing a machine according to this part of my Invention, I affix the
crusher (which consists of a vibrating jaw or jaws working opposite a fixed jaw or
jaws, the former being actuated by a cam or excentric shaft through a connecting
rod or rods and toggles) to the disintegrator at any convenient part thereof, and I
drive the said disintegrator and crusher by separate belts, the speed of the crusher
being so arranged as to feed the disintegrator as required. In order to distribute
the crushed stuff from the crusher into the beater chamber evenly I mount a feed
roller in the feed hopper of the disintegrator, and between the crusher and the slit
or opening by which the said hopper and the beater chamber communicate, rotatory
motion at the required speed being given to the said roller by means of a band and
speed pulleys.
ceament malan be enplied to audinem disintegratore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Edward Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
October 1876.
CHARLES EDWARD HALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR BREAKING, CRUSHING, AND DISINTEGRATING STONES, ORES,
BONES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My Invention relates, firstly, to such stone-breaking machines as have several
vibrating jaws which work opposite corresponding fixed jaws, and are hung side
by side on the same shaft or fulcrum, and the first part of my said Invention
consists of the improvements herein-after described in actuating the said vibrating
jaws. I form on or affix to the driving shaft of the machine cranks, excentrics, or
cams, one for each vibrating jaw, and I mount on the said cranks, excentrics,
or cams, connecting rods, the lower ends of which are connected by toggles or by
levers and toggles to the vibrating jaws. The cranks, excentrics, or cams are
formed on or affixed to their shaft at equal radial angles, so as to successively
actuate the vibrating jaws. Thus some of the said jaws will be advancing to
while the others are receding from the fixed jaw, so that while the advancing
jaws are operating on the stones the receding jaws leave a passage for the stones
which have been broken. The moving parts of the machine are thus arranged in
equilibrium and the strain on the machine is greatly diminished, and it can
consequently be made lighter than machines of the ordinary construction.
The wearing faces or teeth may be fixed to the vibrating jaws in any suitable
way, but I prefer to cast the said jaws with suitable projections across their faces
and insert such wearing faces in the recesses thus formed, and fix the said wearing
faces therein by means of wedges driven sideways between the said faces and the
projections. By this method of fixing the wearing faces I dispense with the bolted
wedge-shaped pieces which are used in some machines for fixing the teeth to the
jaws. I am aware that two sets of faces (upper and lower) have been heretofore
used on the jaws of stone-crushing machines, I therefore make no claim either
to the form of the teeth or to the mode of fixing them.
My Invention relates further to stone breaking machines constructed with a

page_text: the cam.
single vibrating jaw, and consists in actuating the said jaw by a multiple, throw
cam affixed to the driving shaft, motion being transmitted from the said cam to
the said jaw by a connecting rod and toggles, so that for every revolution of the
said driving shaft the said jaw shall be caused to vibrate twice, or oftener, the
number of vibrations corresponding with the number of throws or
"rises" on
The machine is thus caused to do more work with a given speed of
driving shaft than a machine of the ordinary construction. Friction rollers or bars
are interposed between the connecting rod and the driving shaft, the lower roller
or bar being pressed upwards by a spring so as to keep it tight against the cam. I
prefer to make the connecting rod in two halves and to bolt them together, the head
of the connecting rod being made hollow so as to enclose the cam and the wearing
parts in contact therewith and protect them from dust and grit.
My Invention consists further of an improved machine for further reducing
stones, ores, or other substances which have been broken by a stone-breaking
machine. The said improved machine is constructed as follows:-On two
horizontal shafts mounted, parallel to each other two pairs of rollers are affixed,
the first pair being of smaller diameter than the second. There is thus a greater
space between the peripheries of the first pair of rollers than between the peripheries
of the second pair of rollers, the first pair being for breaking the substance to a
size suitable for reduction by the second pair. Under the rollers I mount at a
suitable inclination a shaking, flat, or other riddle, and on one of the shafts I key
a raff wheel or elevator. The gearing for driving the rollers is the same as that
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me in conjunction with
Charles Edward Bainbridge, and bearing date 21st April, A.D. 1875 (No. 1460), among
other publications, and consists essentially of an internally toothed wheel keyed on
one of the roller shafts, in which toothed wheel works a pinion so mounted on an
excentric driven by a friction pulley or otherwise that the revolution of the said
excentric causes the said pinion to impart a slow rotatory motion to the outer
wheel. The pinion is prevented from revolving by a tail piece of the usual kind.
I connect the lower end of this tail piece, which has a reciprocatory motion, to a
rocking shaft below, on which are formed or affixed arms which are connected to the
riddle aforesaid so as to give a compound shaking motion thereto. On the periphery
or at the back of the internally toothed wheel aforesaid I cast teeth which engage
with the teeth of a wheel affixed to the opposite roller shaft and drive it. When
a heavy duty has to be done by the machine, driving gear may be mounted on
both ends of the shaft, the first motion or high speed shaft being carried through a
hollow shaft. The roller shaft carrying the driving gear revolves in fixed bearings,
and the other roller shaft revolves in bearings so arranged as to be capable of
yielding in the event of a piece of iron getting in between the rollers, or of the
machine being otherwise subjected to undue strain.
My Invention consists further in combining with disintegrated machines, in
which revolving beaters are used, crushing machines of the kind herein-before
described with reference to the first part of my Invention, but made on a smaller
scale, so that the substance operated upon shall be first crushed and then reduced
to powder in one and the same machine. In constructing a machine according to
this part of my Invention I affix the crusher to the disintegrator at any convenient
part thereof, and I drive the said disintegrator and crusher by separate belts,
the speed of the crusher being so arranged as to feed the disintegrator as required,
and in order to distribute the crushed stuff from the crusher into the beater
chamber evenly I mount a feed roller in the feed hopper of the disintegrator,
rotatory motion at the required speed being given to the said roller by means of a
band and speed pulleys. This arrangement of roller feed may be applied to other
disintegrators without the addition of the preliminary crusher, but I do not claim
the said arrangement per se.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the Letters and Figures marked thereon..

page_text: Figure 1 is a vertical section (taken on the line U, U, Figure 2) of a stone-
breaking machine made according to the first part of my Invention; Figure 2
represents the said machine partly in plan and partly in horizontal section; Figure 3
is a front elevation of two of the jaws of the said machine; Figures 4 and 5 repre-
sent side and end elevations respectively of a multiple excentric shaft, and Figures 6
and 7 represent side and end elevations respectively of a crank shaft which may
be substituted for the said excentric shaft in machines working through the inter-
vention of connecting rods, levers, and toggles. The same letters and figures of
reference indicate the same parts in all these Figures.
A, A, is the frame of the machine; B, B, are two of the fixed jaws; and C, C, ȧre
the vibrating jaws which vibrate on the fulcrum D. c, c², are the teeth of the
jaws C, C, which teeth are held firmly against projections c³, c³, by keys c', c', driven
in sideways between the said teeth and the projections c³, c. The upper teeth c¹
are of a coarser pitch than the lower teeth c³, and are so arranged relatively to
each other and to the jaws as to leave a wider passage at c than at c7, and assisted
by the advancing and receding motion of the jaws have a tendency to turn over
the broken stone in its passage downwards, thus making less waste and producing
a more even sample of metal. E is the excentric shaft; and el, el, are the excentrics.
F, F, are connecting rods which transmit motion to the vibrating jaws through
toggles G is the toggle block. In cases where I dispense with the usual
springs for drawing back the vibrating jaws after their respective strokes the
ends of the connecting rods H, H, are carried through slots in a lever 1, which
works on a fulcrum, the said rods having screws 3, 3, formed on their ends,
with which screws the fixing nuts , h, engage. The several vibrating jaws are
thus coupled in pairs having one lever to each pair, so that as one jaw of each
pair so coupled moves forward the other jaw of the said pair is drawn back.
I would here remark that although I have for convenience of delineation repre-
sented only two vibrating jaws, my machine may be constructed with three or
more vibrating jaws when the said jaws are not worked alternately but successively..
Each jaw being operated by a separate excentric and connecting rod and toggles
no two of them moving forward to the same extent at the same time (but so
arranged as to put the working shaft in equilibrium).
Figures 8 and 9 are sections of a stone-breaking machine, the vibrating jaw of
which is actuated by a multiple throw cam and connecting rod and toggles according
to the second part of my Invention, the section, Figure 8, being taken on the
line V; V, Figure 9, and the section, Figure 9, being taken on the line W, W, Figure S.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in both Figures.
A is the frame of the machine; B is the fixed jaw; and C is the vibrating jaw
which vibrates on the fulcrum c¹; D is the cam shaft; and d' is a three throw cam
thereon. E, E, are the two halves of the connecting rod which are bolted together
by the bolts e, e', and nuts e², e is the friction roller, and d³ is the friction
bar which is pressed against the cam by the spring d. e³, es, are slots formed in
the connecting rod to allow of its moving up and down on the driving shaft.
c, e, are brasses or dies which surround those parts of the said rod which move
up and down in the said slots. c, e, are the toggles, and e' is the toggle block.
I am aware that multiple throw cams have heretofore been used in stone-
crushing machines, I therefore do-not claim per se the use of the multiple throw
cam herein-before described, but only the combination of the said cam with
connecting rods and toggles.
Figure 10 is a plan of crushing rollers formed and arranged according to the
third part of my Invention, the gearing for driving the said rollers being represented
in section; A', A¹, A, A, are the rollers which are affixed to the shafts B, D.
The rollers A', A', are grooved, and are of less diameter than the rollers A, A
The shaft B is the driving shaft, which is hollow and is mounted on the first
motion or high speed shaft C. c, c¹, are excentrics on which are mounted the
pinions c, c, which drive the internally toothed wheels c, c³, on the bosses of.
which are cast toothed wheels c', c', which drive toothed wheels d, d, on the shaft D:

page_text: Although I have represented one pair of rollers plain and the other pair grooved,
both pairs may be either plain or grooved, but in either case the first pair must
be of smaller diameter than the second. The rollers are or may be combined with
hoppers, a riddle, and a raff wheel, essentially as illustrated in Figures 11 and 12,
which respectively represent in vertical section and side elevation partly in section
a bone-crushing machine constructed and arranged according to this part of my
Invention, the section Figure 11 being taken on the line X, X, Figure 12.
Figures 13 and 14 represent details herein-after referred to. The same letters and
figures of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14.
A is the frame of the machine. B is the driving shaft. 6 is a band pulley which
runs loose on the said shaft, and which is coupled by a friction band be to a friction
pulley on the boss of which is cast the excentric b, on which the pinion L³ is
mounted, the said pinion being carried round within the internally toothed wheel b
(keyed to the shaft B) by the said excentric, but being prevented from revolving
by the tail piece 67. The shaft B revolves in bearings a¹, a¹, and carries a coarse
crushing roller C and a fine crushing roller C², corresponding rollers, one of which
is shown at D, Figure 12, being fixed on the shaft E, which revolves in suitable
bearings, one of which is shown at e¹ in the said Figure. The crushing rollers are
composed of rings (one of which is shown in side elevation in Figure 13), having
teeth on their peripheries, the rings of the coarse crushing rollers being of smaller
diameter than those of the fine crushing rollers and having coarser teeth, and the
said rings have internally an octagonal or other polygonal form, all the angles
being equal. These rings are mounted upon correspondingly formed sleeves, which
are keyed to the roller shafts, one of which sleeves is shown in side elevation in
Figure 14. By means of this arrangement each ring can be so mounted that its
teeth shall be in advance or in the rear of the teeth of the adjoining rings, and in
the same relative position with the teeth on the opposite ring. F1, F2, are hoppers
mounted respectively over the coarse and the fine crushing rollers. G is the raff
wheel, H is the riddle, and h¹, h, are the shoots thereof. The said riddle is carried
by arms &,, affixed to the rocking shaft I to a lever 2, on which the end of the
tail piece b' is jointed.
The action of this machine is as follows:-As the stuff which is fed into the
hopper F is crushed by the coarse crushing rollers it falls between them into the
riddle, by which the crushed stuff is sifted, the fine portion passing out by the shoot h¹
and the coarser portion passing by the shoot h² to the raff wheel G, which delivers
it into the hopper F, whence the stuff passes to the fine crushing rollers, after
passing between which the crushed stuff is again sifted by the riddle, that portion
which will not pass through the said riddle being again raised by the raff wheel
and delivered to the fine crushing rollers to be re-crushed.
Crushing machines constructed as herein-before described are simpler and more
easily worked than ordinary crushing machines, and cost less to keep in repair.
Figures 15 and 16 represent in vertical section the combination of a crushing
machine and a disintegrating machine constituting the fourth part of my Invention.
The section Figure 15 being taken on the line Y, Y, Figure 16, and the section
Figure 16 being taken on the line Z, Z, Figure 15. Figures 17 and 18 respectively
represent in front elevation the moveable and vibrating jaws of the crushing
machine. The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same parts in
Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18.
A is the crushing machine; and B is the shaft thereof, which is driven by the
band pulley b¹. 62, 62, are the cams. C is the fixed jaw; and D, D, are the vibrating
jaws. E is the disintegrating machine. Fis the beater shaft, which is driven by the
band pulley f¹. G is the feed roller, which is driven by one or other of the speed
pulleys g¹, g H is the feed hopper into which the substances to be disintegrated
may be fed direct when it is not wished to first subject them to the action of the
crushing machine. The action of these combined machines is as follows:-The
substance to be crushed and disintegrated is fed in between the jaws of the crushing
machine which crush the said substance, which then descends to the hopper H,

page_text: through which it is delivered by the roller G into the disintegrating machine,
wherein the crushed substance is disintegrated, and from which it passes out
through the grating in the ordinary way.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, as such details may be modified without departing from the nature of
my said Invention, but I claim as my said Invention-
Firstly. The general combination and arrangement of parts herein-before described
with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The employment of a multiple throw crank excentric or cam shaft in
conjunction with connecting rods, and toggles, or with connecting rods, levers, and
toggles in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of parts herein-before described with
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of. the accompanying Drawings, by which the
stones are so turned about in their passage through the machine as to be broken
into forms more nearly approximating to the form of a cube than heretofore.
Fourthly. The employment of a multiple cam shaft in conjunction with a con-
necting rod and toggles, in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described
with reference to Figures 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination in crushing machines of two pairs of rollers of different
diameters, the teeth of one pair (where teeth are used) being of a different pitch
to the teeth of the other pair, the said rollers being arranged relatively to one
another, and operating essentially as described with reference to Figures 10 and 11
of the accompanying Drawings. Also actuating the riddle or separating apparatus
of such machines by means of the tail piece of the excentrically mounted pinion,
essentially as herein-before described and illustrated in the said Figures.
Sixthly. The combination essentially as herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 15 and 16 of the accompanying Drawings of crushing machines having
vibrating jaws with disintegrators in which the disintegration is effected by means
of revolving beaters and fixed teeth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edward Hall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six
Witness,
H. H. MURDOCH,
Staple Inn,
London.
CHAS. E. HALL. (L.S.)