Improvements in Radiators for Heating and Ventilating.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 10th July, 1895-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Radiators for Heating and Ventilating.
I, JAMES KEITH, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E. of 57 Holborn Viaduct, in the City
of Loudon, Gas, Hydraulic, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention has for its object to improve and simplify the construction of
sectional radiators so that the sections of which they are composed may be readily
connected together or separated and the effective length and heating surface may
be increased or lessened whilst the currents of air to be heated by them may be
better directed over or through the heating surfaces and into the apartment
without carrying or depositing dust over the walls or other part of the building
against which the radiators may be placed. Each section of the improved radiator
is composed of two or more vertical tubes of oval or like cross section connected
together at their upper and lower ends but having a central air space between
them, the rear tube being formed with flanged orifices at top and bottom which,
when a number of sections are placed alongside each other and secured by nippling
as hereinafter described to constitute the completed radiator, form horizontal
steam or water ways from end to end. The lower ends of these tubular sections
at each end and at intervals are formed with feet or supports which act as bases
by which they are carried upon the floor of the apartment, and through these
supports inlet orifices are formed when necessary for the passage of the circulating
water or steam, or these water or steam connections can be made at the end
screwed plug holes at extremities of radiators: Between the sections formed with
bases, fresh air enters through an opening or openings in the floor or wall and
discharges upwards between the tubes forming the sections so that the air admitted
is brought into close contact with the greater part of the heating surfaces of the
tubes before passing out tear the top and front part of the radiator. Flaps or
doors are provided at intervals and pivoted to the base of the radiator to close or
open the air inlets more or less.
:
The several sections are united to constitute a radiator of any length desired by
means of nipples or short tubes which may be screw-threaded externally with
right and left hand screws and scrowed into the flanged orifices in the tubular
sections these orifices being screw threaded to receive the nipples. The screwing
of the nipples in place may be effected from the interior of sections by any suitable
tool, engaging with ribs or projections formed on the inside of the uipples, and is
continued until the flanges of the sections which are faced are brouglit to bear
hard against each other or against packing rings or like material placed between
them.
In lieu of using screw-threaded nipples for connecting the sections of the
radiator they may be connected by means of short tubular nipples expanded into
plain orifices in the sections, in which case the desired number of sections are
abutted together, the nipples fitted in the orifices aud the whole bound together
This latter method of
by expanding the series of nipples into the orifices.
connecting the sections has the advantage of permitting of readily separating any
portion of the radiator by inserting a cutting tool and cutting the nipples through
at any point. It also permits of readily securing between the sections ornamental
or other panels or pieces which may be inserted loose in checks or otherwise in the

page_text: fins or other parts of the sections and secured in place by the binding together of
the sections.
By sloping or inclining the faces of the connecting flanges as well as the
apertures for the nipples, the radiators can be made semi-circular or circular in
plan if necessary leaving a central ventilating fresh air channel in the interior.
The orifices in the end sections are as already indicated closed by screw-threaded
plugs which may be removed should it be desired to lessen or add to the number
of sections of which the radiator is composed, or the end sections which are usually
ornamented may be removed and additional sections interposed in the length of
the radiator.
the
"
The longitudinal water ways thus formed being at the rear or next the wall and
front tubes of the sections being left with a clear space between them la .brush
may be readily introduced to clear dust from the heating surfaces from top to
bottom; while between the sections having feet or bases a clear air space) is
formed underneath the 'intermediate sections, and between their lower ends and
the floor, which enables the radiators to be swept clear of dust at all,times, by
merely lifting out the movable ventilating flaps at the floor level.
1
Not only by this arrangement ucan. a large volume of fresh air be, admitted
without causing draughts, but when the radiator is warmed, the air in the
apartment (where the radiator may be placed) cani circulate. freely up through
the inner heating surface of the radiator over and over again thus giving increased:
'efficiency.
}
The horizontall or connected nippled waterways(being at the back, or wall side
of the radiator are not at allivisible from the front.
Dated this 9th day 'of' October 1894.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent, for the Applicant
.
1
!J
I, JAMES KEITH, Assoc., M. Inst. C.E., of 57 Holborn Viaduct, in the City of
London, Gas, Hydraulic,, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and, by the following statement :—
This invention has for its objectisto improve and simplify the construction of
sectional radiators so that the sections of which they are composed may be readily.
connected together or separated and the effective length and lieating isurface may
be"increased or lessened whilst the currents of air to begheated by them may be
better directed over or through the lichting surfaces and into the apartment without
carrying or depositing dust over the walls or other part of the building against
which the radiators may be placed.
The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2a horizontal section, on the line -
Fig. 1, and Figure Bian end elevation of the improved radiator designed to be
placed in proximity to the wall of a building.
• T
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively an end elevation and a horizontal,section
shewing a modification, the radiator being in this case duplicated and designed to
be placed clear of the wall.
'
Figure 16 is a plan of a circular radiator, the parts of which are constructed
similarly to the parts of Figures lato 5.
I
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 110 are views of details hereinafter more particularly
referred to.

page_text: Referring to Figures 1 to 5 cach section of the improved radiator is composed of
two or more vertical tubes A, B, C, of oval or like cross section connected together
at their upper and lower ends but having a central air space D.between them, the
rear tube B Figs. 1, 2 and 3, or C Figs. 4 and 5 being formed with flanged
orifices E at top and bottom which, when a number of sections are placed alongside.
each other and secured by nippling as hereinafter described to constitute the
completed radiator, form horizontal steam or water ways F from.end to end. The
lower ends of these tubular sections at each end and nt: intervals inre formed with
feet or supports G which act as bases by which they are carried upon the floor of
the apartment, and through these supports inlet orifices are formed when necessary
for the passage of the circulating water or steam, or these water or steam connections
can be made at the end screwed plug holes H at the extremities of radiators.
Between the sections formed with bases fresh air enters through an opening or
openings I in the floor as shewn at Figures 3 and 7 or in the wall as shewn at
Figure 8 and discharges upwards between the tubes forming the sections so that
the air admitted is brought into close contact with the greater part of the heating
surfaces of the tubes before passing out near the top and front part of the radiator.
Flaps or doors J are provided at intervals and pivoted to the base of the radiator
to close or open the air inlets more or less.
The several sections are united to constitute a radiator of any length desired by
means of nipples or short tubes. K which may be screw threaded externally. with
right and left hand screws and screwed into the flanged orifices E in the tubular
sections these orifices being screw threaded to receive the nipples K. The screwing
of the nipples in place inay be effected from the interior of sections by any suitable
tool, engaging with ribs or projections L formed on the inside of the nipples, and
is continued until the flauges of the sectious which are faced are brought to bear
hard against each other or against packing rings or like material placed between
them.
In lieu of using screw threaded nipples for connecting the sections of the radiator
they may be connected by means of short tubular nipples M expanded into the
plain flanged orifices E (as shewn at Figure 9) in the sections, in which case the
desired number of sections are abutted together the nipples M fitted in the orifices E
and the whole bound together by interiorally expanding the series of nipples.M-into
the orifices E. This method of connecting the sectious. has the advantage of
permitting of readily separating any portion of the radiator by inserting a cutting
tool and cutting the nipples M through at any point. It also permits of readily
securing between the sections when desired ornamental or other panels or pieces N
at top and bottom, or at top or bottom only as shewn at Figs. 1, 2 and 10 which
may be inserted loose in checks or holes 0 in the fins P or other parts of the
sections and secured in place by the binding together of the sections. The abutting
ends of the flanged orifices E at top and bottom of the rear of the radiator and the
abutting ends of the front portion are simultaneously faced so that when these
panels or ornamental pieces are inserted in their places and the sections screwed
together, no rocking movement of the sections upon each other can occur and the
panels or ornamental pieces are held absolutely tight. Over the abutting ends Q
an ornamental piece R is slipped when the several sections are being put together,.
which covers the joining line.
The orifices H in the end sections are as already indicated closed by screw
threaded plugs which may be removed should it be desired to lessen or add to the
number of sections of which the radiator is composed, or the end sections which are
usually ornamented may be removed and additional sections interposed in the length
of the radiator.
The longitudinal water ways F thus formed being at the rear or next the wall, in
the example illustrated by Figures 1, 2 and 3 and the front tubes of the sections
being left with a clear space between them a brush may be readily introduced from
the front to clear dust from the heating surfaces from top to bottom; while between
the sections having feet or bases a clear air space is formed underneath the

page_text: intermediate sectione; and between their lower ends and the floor, which enables the
radiators to be swept clear of dust at all times, by merely lifting out the movable
ventilating flops J at the floor level.
Not only by this arrangement can a large volume of fresh air be admitted
without causing draughts, but when the radiator is warmed; the air in the
apartment (where the radiator may be placed).cau.circulate freely up through the
inner heating surface of the radiator over and over again thus giving increased
efficiency the flap or door J being then preferably shut to exclude the entrance of
cold.air.
The horizontal or connected nippled water-ways F being at the back or wall side
of the radiator as illustrated at Figures 1, 2 and 3 and in the middle as illustrated
at Figures 4, 5 and 6 are not at all visible from the front.
A shelf or top cover S as shewn at Figs. 1 and 3 may be placed on the top of the
radiator and bolted to the wall of building to further exclude dust.
By sloping or inclining the faces of the connecting flauges as well as the apertures
for the nipples, the radiators can be made semi-circular, or circular in plan as shewn
at Fig. 6 the radiator in this case being made in semi-circular parts joined by right
and left screwed nipples if necessary, leaving a central ventilating fresh air channel
in the interior, or the radiator may be disposed around a column supporting the
building if desired.
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
;
1. A sectional radiator the parts of which are constructed, arranged and combined,
substantially as described.
2. A radiator for. heating and ventilating composed of a plurality of vertical
tubular sections connected together by screwed nipples, or by nipples internally
expanded therein and forming horizontal steam and water ways therethrough,
substantially as described.
3. A radiator composed of tubular sections each formed of two or more vertical
tubes connected to its adjacent section by horizontal nipples combined with an air
inlet or inlets at bottom provided with ventilating flaps and arranged to discharge
fresh air around the heating surfaces substantially as described.
4. A sectional radiator, the tubular sections of which are arranged and adapted
to secure between them ornamental panels or pièces substantially as described."
Dated this 9th day of July 1895.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.