IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING OR PREPARING YARNS OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cook and William Henry Hacking, of Bury,
in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING OR PREPARING YARNS OR WARPS
TO BE WOVEN."
Sealed the 24th July 1866, and dated the 27th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cook and William
Henry Hacking at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th January 1866.
We, SAMUEL COOK and WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of Bury, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING OR PREPARING YARNS
OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN," to be as follows:-
We employ for the purpose of drying the yarn or warps after they have
passed through the size a double-cased or cavity steam cylinder, constructed
with hollow arms or steamways so as to deliver the steam at the inner periphery,
and thus prevent a large amount of condensation, and enable us to make
cylinders of a diameter so large that a one-cylinder machine of our construc
tion will do the work of an ordinary two-cylinder machine. We are also
enabled to use the steam at a much lower pressure in consequence of the
steam being brought into immediate contact with the inner surface of the

page_text: cylinder, so as to dry the yarn in a better way and to preserve more of the
elasticity of the steam than in the ordinary method of drying. We also use
in combination with the one-cylinder machine a falling rod or roller placed
between the cylinder and the weaver's beam to preserve a uniform tension of
the yarn when the machine is stopped, the rod or roller being placed in such a
position that it acts upon the yarn or warps after the same have been dried on
the cylinder, instead of the usual method of placing the falling roller at the
back of the machine between the sow box and the warpers' beams,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Cook and William Henry Hacking in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 26th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
Cooк and WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for IIerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Samuel Cook and William Henry Hacking, Her special license
that we, the said Samuel Cook and William Henry Hacking, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel Cook and
William Henry Hacking, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING OR PREPARING YARNS OR
WARPS TO BE WOVEN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Samuel Cook and William Henry Hacking, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their bands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Cook and William Henry

page_text: Hacking, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
Our Invention consists in the application of an improved cavity or double-
cased cylinder for drying warps or yarns after they have passed through the
size. This cylinder is made with an inner and outer case having a space or
cavity of about six or eight inches between them, which cavity is supplied
with steam by means of hollow radial arms or steamways cast all in one
piece, so as to deliver the steam direct into the cavity or steam chamber, and
thus prevent a large amount of condensation. By this means we are able to
make cylinders so large in diameter that one cylinder will do the work much
more economically than the ordinary two-cylinder machine, and also enable
two or more warps to be dried after sizing. In connection with the cylinder,
instead of using a guide roller for the return of the yarn after passing round
the cylinder, we apply a revolving cage or frame, inside of which we place a
fan driven at a high velocity, which arrangement materially assists in drying
the
yarn. We also adopt the system of placing a falling or tension roller or
rod between the cylinder and the weaver's beam to preserve an uniform
tension of the yarn when the machine is suddenly stopped, this roller or rod
being placed in such a position that it acts on the yarn or warp after the
same has been dried in addition to the usual method of placing the, tension
roller at the back of the machine between the sow box and the back beams...
We make the top of the back creel of a curved forin, by which we are
enabled to let the yarn from each beam impinge on the top of the others,
instead of passing under and over, and thus securing a better sheet, steadiness.
of motion, and greater facility. in piecing broken ends.
These.improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the figures
and letters. on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side
view with parts in section of the main parts of our improved one-cylinder
drying machine without the framework; Fig. 2, a similar view shewing soine
of the modifications required for sizing and drying two warps at the same
time; and Fig. 3, a side view of the top of the back creel.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a represents the outer body or case of the cylinder, b, the
inner. case or body, which is attached to and supported by a cast-iron periphery
or rim b'.baving six radial arms or supports, three of which c are cast hollow,
and form the steamways to feed the; cylinder, and the three others d act as
additional supports to strengthen the periphery 6', and to this periphery the
inner body of the steam cylinder is attached. The steam is delivered through
the centre e, and passes through the hollow arms or steamways c. into the

page_text: cylinder, and as the steam condenses the water is collected by means of
buckets of the ordinary. construction, and is delivered through waterways
corresponding to the hollow steamways c at the other end of the cylinder.
The yarn or warp is drawn from the beams and passed through the sow box
and over the cylinder in the usual way. After going round the cylinder the
Jarn or warp is made to pass over a circular cage f constructed of two cast-
iron ends or discs 9, which revolve on bosses connected to the framework, and
between the discs are fixed at regular intervals a number of iron or brass
rods h, on which the yarn or warp is supported. Where extra drying power
is required we employ tubes instead of the rods h, and form suitable steam-
ways on the ends or discs, so that each of the tubes. can be filled with steam.
The bosses which carry the ends or discs are bored to receive a shaft i, on
which is fixed a fan k, which is caused to revolve at a high velocity by a
pulley in the usual manner. By the above arrangements we are enabled to
dry with a very low pressure of steam in the cylinder, and thereby preserve
the elasticity and strength of the yarn, which by the usual system of drying
often becomes very weak and tender. After passing over the cage and fan
the yarn is brought by a series of binding rollers to the drop or tension
roller m, which is carried in a vertical slot in front of the cylinder, so that
the yarn can fall below the straight line between the top and bottom of the
rollers n, o, and by the weight of the said tension roller m resting on the
yarn an uniform strain is preserved.
.
When our improved cylinder is to be used for the purpose of drying two
warps at the same time the mode of working it is as follows:-By means of
ordinary beam warping machines or other suitable contrivance we bring the
whole of the warp to be sized on to one beam composed, as it may be, of
four, five, or six ordinary back beams. Two such beams p, q, Fig. 2, con-
taining separate and independent warps, are then placed at the back of the
machine in a creel suitable for the purpose. The two warps s, t, are then
passed together through the sow box and over the cylinder to the marking
motion in the usual manner. By means of two dividing rollers u, v, running
in opposite directions by contact with the yarn the two warps are separated
from each other, one warp s running below the dividing roller v, and the
other warp t above the dividing roller u. The lower warp is passed in the
usual manner on to the weaver's beam w at the front of the machine. The
upper warp is passed on to a weaver's beam & carried in suitable bearings,
and placed above the position usually occupied by the weaver's beam in ordinary
machines, and the two weavers' beams are made to wind up the warp at an
uniform rate by any approved means.

page_text: Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we claim in machinery or apparatus for sizing or preparing
yarns or warps to be woven, the construction and application of double-cased
or cavity cylinders heated by steam for drying yarns after they have been
sized, and the combination of the cylinder with a revolving cage and a drop
or tension roller, either in single machines or those in which two or more
warps are sized and dried at the same time.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Cook and William Henry
Hacking, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
cixty ci
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Samuel Cook
and William Henry Hacking, in
the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
SAMUEL COOK.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM H. HACKING. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.