IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISENTEGRATING AND REMOVING IMPURITIES FROM LUMP SALT
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I THOMAS HIGGIN, of 33 Tower Buildings West, Water Street, Liverpool in the
County of Lancaster, Salt Merchant do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISENTEGRATING AND REMOVING
IMPURITIES FROM LUMP SALT to be as follows:-
=
Previous to this Invention, amongst other methods, lump salt has been crushed
by pulverizing between rollers, and also by tho action of hammers. These methods
through the nature of their operation not only pulverize the grains of salt, but at
the same time pulverize and mix the impurities in the salt, with the salt, which
impurities exist in the shape of "pan scale" and "sand scale." Salt so pulverized
is in a condition in which it is impossible to remove the impurities by sieving,
bolting, or other like menns. Salt has also been pulverized by subjecting the lump
salt to the action of knives, or cutters. This method reduced the salt into such a
condition that instead of the "pan scale" being pulverized with the salt, it was
left in the salt in particles of sufficient magnitude to enable their removal from the
pulverized salt by the process of sieving, or bolting. Although effective, this
method does not reduce the salt into a condition in which the softer scale, or
impurities can be removed by sieving, or bolting, as they are by the action of the
apparatus sometimes broken up into small pieces and mixed inseparably with the
salt.
This Invention has for its object the disentegration of lump salt, into the
particles of which the lump is composed, so that such particles of salt, and the
particles of other matters, such as "pan scale" and "sand scale" which the lumps
contain, and which are harder than the salt, shall not be reduced or broken up
into equal sized particles with the salt, but which through their harder nature will
remain in the salt (when disentegrated) in larger particles than those of the salt,
and so the lump is disentegrated into such a condition that not only can the
'pan scale" be removed therefrom, but also the less hard scales, such as "sand
scale" can be removed therefrom by the process of sieving, or bolting.
16
I effect the object of this Invention by discntegrating the lump salt by hackling
or tearing as distinguished from crushing pulverizing, or chipping. The apparatus
by which I effect this hackling consists of a surface provided with hackle points, or
Price Gid

page_text: teeth, which in operation disentegrate the lump by a raking action, thus reducing
the lump salt into original grains, or crystals, and at the same time leaves the
harder particles of the lump, namely the impurities, "pan" and "sand scale," of
sufficient magnitude as to be capable of being removed by sieving, or bolting as
hereinafter described.
In carrying out this Invention the hackles, or teeth are mounted on the surface
of a rotating metal, or other cylinder to which rotating movement is given by any
suitable means, or on an endless travelling band, or a reciprocating frame, or
revolving disc positioned within a hopper, or equivalent device into which the
lumps of salts are fed. The movement of the hackles, or teeth effect the disente-
gration of the lumps of salt in the manner above described and the disentegrated
salt passes into a receiver from whence it is fed to the sieving, or bolting apparatus,
which consists of a circular, or hexagonal frame covered with wire, or other gauze,
which is enclosed within a larger hexagonal frame, also covered with wire, or other
gauze. The gauze is varied in the size of mesh according to the kind of salt to be
produced, so that after extracting the impuritice, the salt may either all be of one
kind, or it may be separated into the different sized grains, or crystals of which it
is composed and received through different hoppers for each kind into bags, sacks,
boxes, or cases. The impurities are carried along within the bolting apparatus and
are finally discharged from it. The bolting frames, or apparatus are made to
revolve by suitable appliances, and the inner frame may either be fixed to the
outer one, so as to revolve with it or it may be unattached to the outer frame and
made to revolve at a different speed.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I THOMAS HIGGIN of 33 Tower Buildings West, Water Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Salt Merchant do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISENTEGRATING AND REMOVING
IMPURITIES FROM LUMP SALT and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Previous to this Invention, amongst other methods, lump salt has been crushed
by pulverizing between rollers, and also by the action of hammers. These methods
through the nature of their operation, not only pulverize the grains of salt, but at
the same time pulverize and mix the impurities in the salt with the salt, which
impurities exist in tho shape of "pan scale" and "sand scale." Salt so pulverized
is in a condition in which it is impossible to remove the impurities by sieving,
bolting, or other like means. Salt has also be pulverized by subjecting the lump
salt to the action of knives, or cutters. This method reduced the salt into such a
condition that instead of the "panscale" being pulverized with the salt, it was left
in the salt in particles of sufficient magnitude to enable their removal from the
pulverized salt by the process of sieving, or bolting. Although effective this
method does not reduce the salt into a condition in which the softer scales, or
impurities can be removed by sieving, or bolting, as they are by the action of the
apparatus, sometimes broken up into small pieces and mixed inseperably with
the salt.
This Invention has for its object the disentegration of lump salt into the particles
of which the lump is composed, so that such particles of salt and the particles of
other matters, such as "pan scale" and "sand scale" which the lumps contain and
which are barder than the salt shall not be reduced or broken up into equal sized
particles with the salt, but which through their harder nature will remain in the
salt, when disentegrated in larger particles than those of the salt, and so the lump
is disentegrated into such a condition that not only can the "pan scalo " be removed
therefrom, but also the less hard scales such as "sand scale" can be removed
therefrom by the process of sieving, or bolting.
I effect the object of this Invention by disentegrating the lump salt by hackling,
or tearing as distinguished from crushing pulverizing, or chipping. The apparatus
by which I effect this hackling consists of a surface, provided with hackle points,
or teeth, which in operation disentegrate the lump by a raking action, thus reducing
the lump salt into original grains, or crystals and at the same time leaves the
harder particles of the lump, namely the impurities "pan" and "sand scale" of
sufficient magnitude as to be capable of being removed by sieving, or bolting
as hereinafter described.
In carrying out this Invention the hackles, or teeth are mounted on the surface
of a rotating metal, or other cylinder to which rotating movement is given by any
suitable means, or on an endless travelling band, or a reciprocating frame, or
revolving disc positioned within a hopper, or equivalent device into which the lumps
of salt are fed. The movement of the hackles, or teeth effect the disentegration

page_text: of the lumps of salt in the manner above described and the disentegrated salt
passes into a receiver from whence it is fed to the sieving, or bolting apparatus,
which consists of a circular, or hexagonal frame, covered with wire, or other
network, or gauze which is enclosed within a larger hexagonal frame, also covered
with wire, or other gauze. The gauze is varied in the size of mesh according to
the kind of salt to be produced, so that after extracting the impurities, the salt may
either all be of one kind, or it may be separated into the different sized grains, or
crystals of which it is composed and received through different hoppers for cach
kind into bags, sacks, boxes, or cases. The impurities are carried along within the
bolting apparatus and are finally discharged from it. The bolting frames, or
apparatus are made to revolve by suitable appliances, and the inner frame may
either be fixed to the outer one, so as to revolve with it, or it may be unattached
to the outer frame and made to revolve at a different speed.
The beforegoing being the nature, object and purposes of my Invention, I will now
proceed to describe more in detail how the same may be carried out into practical
effect, reference being had to the accompanying two sheets of Drawings making a
part of this Specification, and to the letters and figures of reference marked
thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote the same, or corresponding
parts throughout the various views and figures.

page_text: caused to rotate at a high speed by a pulley and belt, or other convenient means.
The framework D is enclosed so as to form a receptacle, or hopper E. At the top
and on each side of the frame D and in front of the discs A there is provided an
inclined shoot F and a casing G, which encloses the upper portion of the discs A.
The front of each casing G is provided with an aperture e so that the lumps of
salt, which in operation are fed down the shoot F can be held, or come against
through the aperture e the heckle teeth of the disc A, which by its rotation
causes the teeth b to disentegrate the lump salt, which then falls into the receptacle E
from which it is removed by the bucket elevator H provided for that purpose and
which delivers the disentegrated lump salt to the sieving, or bolting apparatus
which may be of any known form convenient for the purpose of separating the
disentegrated salt and removing therefrom the impurities of "pan scale" and
"sand scale" which removal has been rendered possible by the nature of the
disentegration which has left the "pan scale" and "sand scale" through their
harder nature in larger particles than the salt crystals.
In the arrangement of the apparatus shown at Figure 8, the discs A. are dished
and set to run horizontally the lumps of salt are fed into the hopper or shoot F
and the disentegrated salt is discharged through the eye A¹ of the disc A into the
receptacle E, the construction of the disc being the same as previously described in
reference to Figures 6 and 7.
Instead of using the dished disc as shown at Figure 8 a horizontal rotating
cylinder A as shown at Figures 9 and 10 may be substituted. The periphery of
the cylinder A being covered with hackle teeth b mounted on a foundation such as
shown in reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
The disentegration of lump salt in the manner, and by an apparatus, such as is
herein described and shown enables the production of Commercial Salt and more
particularly what is known as Butter Salt of very superior quality because through
the nature of the disentegration, the particles, or crystals of salt are produced
without crushing and the "pan scale" and "sand scale" is left in such a condition
that it can be removed from the disentegrated salt by sieving, or bolting and the
objectionable hard particles often found in Butter Salt are avoided.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First The employment in the production of fine, or crystal salt, or Butter Salt
from lump salt, of disentegrating apparatus constructed as herein described with
teeth, or hackle points, which are caused to act in such a manner that the lumps of
salt are so disentegrated that the impurities in the form of "pan scale" "sand
scale" and the like in the salt remain in such a condition that they can be removed
by the process of sieving, or bolting, as set forth.
-
Second The use in combination with apparatus of the type herein described for
disentegrating and removing impurities from lump salt, of hackle teeth, such as b
mounted and fitted as herein set forth and operating as described.