IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFORMING ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND IN THE MEANS, THEREFOB,
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of my invention.
for IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFORMING ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND IN THE MEANS,
THEREFOB, to be as follows: -
+
.
If at a point of the circuit of an electric current of a given intensity there is
placed in this current an apparatus capable of developing under the action of the
main current a counter electro motive force, then a circuit placed in derivation at
the binding screws of the said apparatus will receive a current whose intensity
will depend on the counter electro motive force of the apparatus and can be
regulated at will so long as it remains inferior to the intensity of the general
current.
If at a point of the circuit there are placed alongside each other a certain
number of such apparatus, then by providing each of them with a derived circuit
the derived currents thus engendered can be utilized in one place and consequently
there will be at command at this place a total intensity greater than the general
intensity.
This consideration furnishes a new solution of the problem of the transformation
of electric currents, a solution which is applicable to all kinds of currents; it is
this mode of transforming electric currents and the hereinafter described arrange-
ments for applying it that form the subject of this invention.
I. Continuous currents. (a) I can utilize as counter electro motive apparatus.
accumulators placed in the line of the main current, the accessory circuit being
placed in derivation at the binding screws of the accumulators. The proper
resistance of these being very feeble there will be at command in the derived
circuit a difference of potential nearly equal to the electro motive force of the
accumulators. (b) I can also employ, and preferably, dynamo and magneto electric
machines, the machine being placed in the main current and the accessory current
being branched off in derivation at the binding screws of the machine. The result
will be the same as in the previous case. If a dynamo electric machine be
employed the inductors can be placed in the derived circuit in such a manner
that if this circuit becomes broken the apparatus will cease to act.
It is important to femark that these solutions differ essentially from the
solutions hitherto, given of the problem of the transformation by the aid of
accumulators and machines. In all these other cases the secondary current is
completely distinct from the main current so that it is necessary to first effect the
complete transformation of the electric energy into chemical or mechanical energy
and then the return of this new form to the electric form. This is not the case in

page_text: the new or present solution .by derivation the non electric energy apparatus
serving only as a deriver.
The latter of the two solutions herein before
before described offers a further advantage.
If the counter electro motive apparatus or machine can completely equilibrate the
difference of potential that the primary current tends to develop in traversing it,
it will annul this current and will compel the whole of the intensity to pass into
the derived circuit branched off at its binding screws. Then there is not strictly
speaking transformation, but there are the advantages of distribution in tension
without running the danger that a local rupture will stop the whole system. The
machine will thus constitute a very efficacious safety apparatus. It is therefore
preferable to use a dynamo electric machine as the counter electro motive force
apparatus. The induced ring equilibrating the electro motive force in the main
current the derived circuit will receive all the intensity. If there is a rupture, the
magnetic field engendered in the inductors in the derived circuit disappears, the
ring becomes a simple conductor and stops, and this.without abruptness, and then
acts either as a safety apparatus itself or as a temporizing apparatus giving to
other safety apparatus time to act.
II. Alternating currents. For alternating currents I employ as a practical
electro motor bobbins or coils of wire wound in solenoid form either with an
iron core. or preferably without iron, the counter. electro motive force being
produced in the latter case by the induction of the spirals on themselves. The
useful currents will always be placed in derivation. The apparatus will consist of
a certain number of coils of wire wound in solenoid form and arranged either in
column, ring, or other. form; the coils are connected to a commutator like the
soctions of a Gramme ring, the inain current enters by the centre of the
commutator and, according to the particular strip upon which a movable arm is
placed, traverses a greater or less number of coils before continuing its course:"
The useful circuits or currents will then be placed in derivation whether there.be
a single circuit which will thus be of variable electro motive force according to the
position of the arm before referred to; or whether there be several circuits each of
which will receive the current only if the position of the arm permits it, that is to
say, if this arm be placed so as to cause to enter into the general circuit. the
sections of the transformer to which these auxiliary circuits are connected. These
can therefore be utilized either separately or together.
.
As in the case of the continuous currents it should be remarked that this
solution differs essentially from the analogous trials made with alternating
currents. In all these other solutions the secondary current has been entirely
distinct from the primary current which is not the case in the solution herein
described..
From the above description it will be understood that this invention comprises :-
The constitution of a transformer or transforming apparatus by the employment of
circuits derived at different points and connected together at one place; the
employment, for the purpose of producing a determined derivation of a counter
electro motor placed in the general circuit and put in action by the main current,
the secondary circuit being introduced in derivation at the binding screws of this
counter electro motor; the employment as a counter electro motor for continuous
currents of accumulators placed in derivation; the employment for the same
purpose of dynamo electric machines placed in derivation;. the utilization of
these latter as safety apparatus in cértain conditions as before defined; and the
employment for alternating currents of bobbins or coils of wire wound in solenoid
form either with an iron core or without iron the useful circuits being placed in
derivation as hereinbefore set forth.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London,
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFORMING ELECTRIC CURRENTS AND IN THE
MEANS THEREFOR and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
If at a point A Figure 1 (see the annexed diagrams) of the circuit of an electric
current of a given intensity there is placed in this current an apparatus m capable
of developing under the action of the main current a counter electro motive force,
then a circuit AN B placed in derivation at the binding screws of the apparatus m
will receive a current whose intensity will depend on the counter electro motive
force of m and can be regulated at will so long as it remains inferior to the
intensity of the general current.
If at a point of the circuit there are placed alongside each other a certain
number of such apparatus-see m¹ m² &c Figure 2-then by providing each of
them with a derived circuit the derived currents thus engendered can be utilized in
one place and consequently there will be at command at this place a total intensity
greater than the general intensity.
This consideration furnishes a new solution of the problem of the transformation
of electric currents, a solution which is applicable to all kinds of currents; it is
this mode of transforming electric currents and the hereinafter described arrange-
ments for applying it that form the subject of this invention.
I. Continuous currents. (a) I can utilize as counter electro motive apparatus
accumulators placed in the line of the main current, the accessory circuit being
placed in derivation at the binding screws of the accumulators. The proper
resistance of these being very feeble there will be at command in the derived
circuit a difference of potential nearly equal to the electro motive force of the
accumulators.
(b) I can also employ, and preferably, dynamo and magneto-electric machines,
the machine being placed in the main current and the accessory current being
branched off in derivation at the binding screws of the machine. The result will
be the same as in the previous case. If a dynamo electric machine be employed-
see Figure 3-the inductors i i¹ can be placed in the derived circuit A N B in such
a manner that if this circuit becomes broken the apparatus will cease to act.
It is important to remark that these solutions differ essentially from the
solutions hitherto given of the problem of the transformation by the aid of
accumulators and machines. In all these other cases the secondary current is
completely distinct from the main current so that it is necessary to first effect the
complete transformation of the electric energy into chemical or mechanical energy
and then the return of this new form to the electric form. This is not the case in
the new or present solution by derivation the non-electric energy apparatus serving
only as a deriver.

page_text: The latter of the two solutions hereinbefore described offers a further advantage.
If the counter electro motive apparatus or machine m can completely equilibrate
the difference of potential that the primary current tends to develop in traversing
it, it will annul this current and will compel the whole of the intensity to pass
into the derived circuit branched off at its binding screws. Then there is not
strictly speaking transformation, but there are the advantages of distribution in
tension without running the danger that a local rupture will stop the whole
- system. The machine m will thus constitute a very efficacious safety apparatus.
It is therefore preferable to use a dynamo electric machine (Figure 3).as the
counter electro motive force apparatus., The induced ring equilibrating the electro
motive force in the main current P P¹ the derived circuit A N B will receive all
the intensity. If there is a rupture the magnetic field engendered in the inductors
at i disappears, the ring becomes a simple conductor, and stops, and this without
abruptness, and then acts either as a safety apparatus itself or as a temporizing
apparatus.giving to other safety apparatus time to act.
II. Alternating Currents. For alternating currents I employ as a practical
electro motor bobbins or coils of wire wound in solenoid form either with an iron.
core or preferably without iron, the counter electro motive force being produced in
the latter case by the induction of the spirals on themselves. The useful currents
will always be placed in derivation. The apparatus will then take the form
indicated in Figure 4. A certain number of coils of wire wound in solenoid form
are arranged either in column, ring of other form; the coils are connected to a
commutator. C like the sections of a Gramme ring the main current P arriving
at M, enters by the centre of the commutator and, according to the particular strip
upon which the movable arm CE is placed, traverses a greater or less number of
coils before continuing its course to N P¹. The useful circuits or currents will
then be placed in derivation whether there be a single circuit such as M F N which
will thus be of variable electro motive force according to the position of the
arm CE, or whether there be several circuits such as BGH, HIK, KL R, each
of which will receive the current only if the position of the arm C E permits it,
that is to say if this arm be placed so as to cause to enter into the general circuit
the sections of the transformer to which these auxiliary circuits are connected.
These can therefore be utilized either separately or together.
As in the case of continuous currents it should be remarked that this solution
differs essentially from the analogous trials made with alternating currents. In all
these other solutions the secondary current has been entirely distinct from the
primary current which is not the case in the solution herein described.
$
From the above description it will be understood that, this invention comprises :-
The constitution of a transformer, or transforming apparatus by the employment of
circuits derived at different points and connected together at one place; the
employment, for the purpose of producing a determined derivation, of a counter
electro motor placed in the general circuit and put in action by the main current,
the secondary circuit being introduced in derivation at the binding screws of this
counter electro motor; the employment as a counter electro motor for continuous
currents of accumulators placed in derivation; the employment for the same
purpose of dynamo electric machines placed in derivation; the utilization of these
fatter as safety apparatus in certain conditions as before defined; and the employ-
ment for alternating currents of bobbins or coils of wire wound in solenoid form.
either with an iron core or without iron the useful circuits being placed in
derivation as hereinbefore set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention as communicated to me and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, I declare that what I claim in respect of transforming electric currents.
and the means therefor is
1
Transforming electric currents in the manner hereinbefore described.

page_text: 2. The employment, for the purpose of producing a determined derivation, of a
counter electro-motor placed in the general circuit and put in action by the main
current, the secondary circuit being introduced in derivation at the binding screws
of this counter electro motor, as hereinbefore described.
3. The employment as a counter electro motor for continuous currents of
accumulators placed in derivation, as herein before described.
4. The employment as a counter electro motor for continuous currents of dynamo
electric machines placed in derivation, as .bereinbefore described.
5. The utilization of dynamo electric machines as safety apparatus in certain
defined conditions, as berein before described.
6. The employment for alternating currents of bobbins or coils of wire wound in
solenoid form either with an iron core or without iron, the useful circuits being
placed in derivation, as herein before described.