Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Nov, 1892-Accepted. 25th Feb., 1893

page_text: door way is opposite the front header D, and on opening the door access may be
had to the front header. I provide a similar door way in the rear wall W³, so that
access may be had to the rear header.
F, are a series of horizontal water drums connected at the front end with the
front manifold head F', and at the rear end with the rear manifold head F. In
the present instance, there are three water drums F, situated side by side, and
each drum is connected to a section of each manifold head, and between the adjacent
sections is a circulating section f, Fig. 4, and connected to the circulating sections f,
of the front and rear manifold heads are circulating water tubes f, shown clearly
in Fig. 5.
I have shown the drum and circulating tube sections of the head cast in a
single piece, and the several sections communicate with each other through the
circulating passages f³.
G, are a series of steam drums situated above the water drums F. These steam
drums are connected at the front end to a steam manifold head G¹, and at the
opposite end to a manifold head G³, shown clearly in Fig. 4. Steam tubes g¹,
situated between the steam drums are connected to the front and rear heads and
communicate with the spaces g, Fig. 4. The drums and tubes are slightly inclined
from the front to the rear, and the rear head. G³, is connected to the rear head F³,
by a series of nipples c, the front steam and water heads being independent of
each other. If any water of condensation accumulates in the steam drum or
tube, it will pass to the rear and flow through the nipples to the water drum
rear head.
prefer that the water line of the boiler be between the drums F, and G, so
that while the drums F, are at all times comparatively full of water, the drums G,
are free from water and are purely steam drums.
The heads or manifolds of the steam drums and water drums have deep flanges,
as will be readily noticed in Fig. 1, and each flange is so shaped where the drum
is jointed to a second drum or to a header, that all that is required to make a
coupling, is an ordinary nipple, as for instance, the forward head F', has an
enlargement on the underside, the base of this enlargement being on a line parallel
with the upper surface of the header D, consequently, when the header is brought
in line with this enlargement, an ordinary nipple c³, is sufficient to secure the two
together. The same is the case where the rear manifold or head F, is connected
to the rear header E, by the tube C.
This is one of the important features of my invention, as a plain tube can be
used and the head expanded or shaped whether made of wrought metal or whether
cast, and it matters not as far as this invention is concerned, whether it is simply a
head for a single drum, or a manifold for a number of drums and tubes.
I will now describe the construction of the headers D, and E, referring to
Figs. 6 and 7.
The body of the section d, of the front header D, is struck up as shown in said
figures, forming the rear plate d, and top and bottom plates d³, and d, and side
plates. I then strike up a front plate d³, with flanges do, and place it in position
as shown in Fig. 6, with the flange on the outside, and preferably weld the flange
to the top, bottom and end plates of the section d, but in some instances I may
secure the two parts together by rivets or bolts; thus I make a header which can
be built up from the outside, the seams being all exposed so that they can be readily
calked when necessary.
Holes are punched or cut in the plate either before or after the header is made
up, these holes being for the reception of the circulating tubes and the nipples.
The front plate has a series of large holes corresponding with the tube holes in
the back plate, and are used as hand holes so that access can be had to the several
tubes and to the nipples.
In order to strengthen each header section I couple the front and rear plates
together by tubular stays e, which are tapered as shown in Fig. 7, from the
back plate d³, to the front plate do. I cover these tubes with caps e¹, which are

page_text: supported by the portion of the tube that extends beyond the front plate. These
caps are provided with suitable handles so that they can be readily removed when
necessary.
The tubes are used not only as stays, but as cleaning openings so that a cleaning
tool can be inserted to clean the exterior surface of the several circulating tubes.
Each header section d, has brackets e², at each end, and when the sections are
mounted as shown in Figs. 3, and 4, they are not only coupled together by the
nipples c', but are also coupled together by bolts es, which pass through the flanges
of each bracket as clearly shown in Fig. 8. It will also be noticed in referring to
the drawing that the sections are not close together but are so arranged that a
clear space is left between adjacent sections, this allows for the ready insertion
of cleaning tools to clean the several circulating tubes and the deflecting plates.
The upper section of the front header D, is connected to the front water
manifold F, by a series of nipples c³, Figs. 1, and 3, and the upper section of the
rear header E, is connected to the rear water manifold F, by a series of tubes C,
Figs. 1, and 4; some of the tubes and nipples connect with the drum compartments,
while others connect with the circulating tube compartments, thus the water
circulates through the tubes B, the header D, up through the drums F, down to the
header E, to the tubes B, again, the steam passes through the rear manifold F³, up
through the nipples C, to the steam manifold G* into the drums and steam tubes G.
and g
The front steam manifold G¹, has openings g³, (vide Fig. 2) which communicate with
the steam manifold pipe G. This pipe, in the present instance, is made up of three
sections, coupled together in any suitable manner.
It will be noticed on referring to Fig. 1, that the flanges of the manifold are on
the outside of the drum and not on the inside as usual, so that water will not
become entrapped in the drum as is usual in this class of boilers.
In order to take the strain off the nipples securing the headers to the drums,
I suspend the front header by rods, hung from caps ¹, on a cross bar h³, and I
suspend the rear header by rods ³, hung from a cross bar similar to that for the
front header support.
While the front header is connected to its supporting rods at the top, by
preference, the supporting rods for the rear header are connected to the bottom of
said header, thus, if at any time the foundations on which the headers rest settle,
the rods would support the headers.
Heretofore, in the construction of boilers of the class shown and described, the
space available between the inclined tubes and the drums was not utilized,
I, however, utilize this triangle of space which I term the third combustion chamber,
by filling said space with a series of transverse tubes I, which are mounted in suitable
side headers H, situated, in the present instance, in the walls of the furnace as
shown in Fig. 4.
I preferably expand the tubes I, in the walls of the header in the same manner
as the longitudinal tubes are expanded in their headers, and I also brace the headers
by stays which may be either tubular and of the same construction as shown in
Fig. 7, or may be solid.
It will be seen, by referring to Fig. 1, that the products of combustion as they
pass through the third combustion chamber, will thoroughly heat the water in the
transverse tubes, and as I pass the water into these tubes first, before it enters the
circulating tubes, this portion of the boiler acts in fact as a feed water heater.
The feed water enters through the pipe i, which has two branches i", which com-
municate with both side headers H, at the small end. The side headers are
connected by other pipes, to the upper section of the rear header E. The steam
drums G, are connected by pipes, to the pipes, so that the water of condensation
which accumulates in said drums, and which would not be carried off through the
drums F, would pass down the tube ³.
Thus, as above shown, the water enters the side headers H, and is heated in said
-side headers and in their connecting cross tubes I, and passes to the rear header

page_text: mingling with the water that is in circulation, passing through the inclined tubes
to the front header and to the drum, thus the water, when it reaches the inclined
tubes, is heated so that steam is more readily formed than in boilers of the
ordinary construction, and a complete circulation of the water is obtained.
The deflecting plate b, dividing the combustion chamber into the sections A, A³,
is mounted so that its upper surface is on a line with the opening between the
two sections of the front header D, as shown in Fig. 1, the soot and dirt can be
readily scraped from this deflecting plate by simply passing a scraper through
the front header at the point mentioned, the soot falling to the bottom of the
furnace.
It will be noticed that the deflecting plate b, in the present instance, is above
two rows of tubes, and is supported by a structure 63, mounted on the arch A',
and this structure has a series of holes through which the tubes pass. Thus, by
this construction, I beat the two lower sets of tubes in the combustion chamber A,
and the balance of the tubes in the combustion chamber A³, as the upper deflecting
plate b, is, by preference, situated above the upper row of tubes.
While I preferably close the space between the upper portion of the rear
header E, and the wall, I prefer to close it with a plate J, clearly shown in Fig. 15.
This plate I make of angle iron, and perforate it at intervals so as to form openings
for the insertion of cleaning bars for removing the dirt and soot from the upper
deflecting plate b¹. I provide these openings with suitable covers j, so that the
openings can be closed at all times except during the cleaning operation.
I preferably pivot the covers at a point above the openings, so that they will be
automatically closed as soon as the cleaning tool is removed.
The pipes, have extensions, provided with suitable valves, so that water in
the side headers on a level with the extension pipes can be drawn off to remove
scum, etc.; and I also provide valved pipes, communicating with the side headers
at the bottom, so that the mud can be removed from the bottom of said headers.
The caps
for the drum heads are or may be of the construction shown clearly in
Fig. 16. On each head I form a flange k, the edges of the flange being chamfered
as shown, to form a sharp edge. The cap K, has an annular groove of the shape
corresponding to the chamfer, which is ground onto the edge of the flange thus
forming a ground joint.
The cap has a central opening through which passes the bolt k¹, which is screw-
threaded at the end, and to which is applied a box nut k², the face of this nut and
the face of the cap K, are ground, forming a tight joint. The bolt is secured to a
V-shaped brace K¹, by a pin 4, this brace being secured to the drum at k*, by rivets
or other suitable fastenings.
The flanges may be either formed in the casting of a header as shown in Fig. 1,
when the header is made of cast metal, or may be pressed out from the metal as
shown in Fig. 12, when the header is made of wrought metal.
In order to expose the water and steam drum headers, so that they can be inspected
or repaired at any time, I form partitions P M', one directly back of the front
manifolds, and the other forward of the back manifolds, as clearly shown in Fig. 1.
These partitions I preferably make of metal plates having suitable openings for the
passage of the drum and tubes, and I face these plates on the combustion chamber
side with fire brick or other suitable material, to withstand the heat. Thus, both
headers are cut off from the direct action of the products of combustion, but are
within the walls of the furnace. Suitable doors are provided at the front and rear
of the furnace, so that on opening the doors, the headers can be examined, without
interfering with the action of the boiler.
In Fig. 4, I have shown the manifold heads G', and F2, of the steam and water
drum, made of cast metal, each manifold being cast in a single piece, and having
partitions dividing the manifold into sections; the several sections of the water
manifolds are united by passages f, and the sections of the steam manifolds are
united by passages g*. The rear water manifold head F2, is secured to the rear
header E, by tubes C, and to the steam manifold by nipples c. The front manifolds

page_text: shown in Fig. 3, are of the same construction, with the exception that the two
manifolds are not connected.
In Figs. 9, and 10, I have shown a modification of the cast manifold, in which
the tube and drum sections are independent of each other. In this case the steam
pipe (G) would have to communicate not only with the drum sections, but also
with the tube sections of the front steam manifold.
In Figs. 11, and 12, I have shown still another modification, in which the rear
manifolds F, and G', are combined forming a single structure F³, made of sheet
metal, suitably struck up as shown in said figures, and provided with openings f³,
into which are secured the tubes C. The manifold is preferably braced at intervals
by tubular braces e, the front headers, while being made of wrought metal suitably
struck up, are independent of each other as clearly shown by dotted lines in
Fig. 11.
În Fig. 13, I have shown a triangular manifold head receiving three drums, two
are water drums, and the third a steam drum; this head can be made either of
wrought or of cast metal, suitably stayed by stay tubes e*.
This construction of manifold head may be used singly as shown in Fig. 13,
being suitably mounted in the boiler, or may form one of a series of heads as
shown in Fig. 14, which are united to a common steam drum M; this steam drum
has a series of capped openings n, by which access can be readily had to the nipples
which secure the several headers to the drum. The upper row of drums may be
used as steam drums, or another set may be added, in which case one will be a
steam set and the other a water set.
As shown in Fig. 4, as well as in Fig. 1, the boiler has one set of water drums
and one set of steam drums, the drums being three abreast, but it will be understood
that in larger boilers an increased number of drums may be necessary, and there
may be two rows of water drums and two rows of steam drums, or in smaller boilers
there need be only one or two water or steam drums, the number of drums
depending altogether upon the capacity of the boiler.
In high pressure steam boilers, an important point to guard against is corrosion,
commonly called "pitting," and to avoid this, which is one of the most prevalent
causes of steam boiler explosions, I make the metallic parts as much as possible of
aluminium alloy, as I find that this not only prevents pitting, but is considerably
lighter and stronger than the metals commonly used.
I not only make the plates, headers and tubes of aluminium, but I also make
the bolts, nuts and other small parts of the same material where practicable.
Instead of making the heads for the several drums water or steam drums and all
horizontal tubes as previously described, 1 may make the heads of the drums
independent of the heads of the tubes, the heads of the drums being separated by
the heads of the tubes as clearly shown in Fig. 19, both heads, however, communi-
cating with the inclined header.
The steam and water drums may be made of a seamless tube contracted at the
ends and expanded and shaped at the coupling joints, as clearly shown in Fig.-20,
as I have found that this method of construction is a decided advantage over the
boilers now in common use having seams. The intense heat now required on very
high pressure boilers often softens the rivets owing to excessive metal at the seams
and consequently the boiler is weakened; whereas, by dispensing with the rivets
and making the drum seamless this objection is overcome and furthermore the
boiler can be kept clean as there are no ledges to entrap sediment.
In Fig. 17, I have shown a filling plate, having recesses, this filling plate is
adapted to pass into the space between the sections of either the front header D,
or back header E, the recesses being made in the plate to allow the plate to pass
the coupling nipples; the plate is preferably provided with suitable handles for
ready removal. And it will be noted that one of the spaces between the sections
of the front header D, is on a line with the deflecting plate b, so that by removing
the plate z, the upper portion of the plate b can be readily cleansed by an implement

page_text: passed into and through the space between the sections as will be readily understood
on referring to Fig. 1.
In Fig. 18, I have shown a cap or cover of peculiar construction adapted to the
manhole opening or hand hole opening in the drums or other portions of the
boiler.
These caps, as clearly shown in Fig. 18, are seated to the ground face, and are
of such diameter and thickness that when used as caps for the drum, either water
or steam drum, they will yield under certain extreme pressures, the pressure
forcing the cap
off its seat rather than explode the boiler, thus allowing the steam
to escape. This cap is held in place by a perforated plate, which need not fit its
seat snugly. Steam enters the space between the plate and cap through the
perforations in the plate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what !
claim is :-
1. The combination of the front and rear headers, inclined connecting tubes,
drum connected to said headers, with side headers, transverse tubes situated.
between the inclined tubes and drum, substantially as described.
2. The combination of the front and rear headers, inclined connecting tubes,
drum connected to said headers, with side headers, transverse tubes situated
between the inclined tubes and drum, said side headers being connected to the
water inlet pipe and the rear header, substantially as described.
3. The combination in a steam boiler, of the front and rear headers, tubes
connecting said headers, a drum connected to the front and rear headers, said
headers resting on the wall of the furnace but free to move thereon, with suspension
rods at the front attached directly to the front header, and suspension rods at the
back attached to the lower portion of the rear headers, substantially as specified.
4. The combination in a steam boiler, of the sectional headers, nipples forming
communications between the sections with a clamp plate on each section, and
securing devices for said plates whereby the sections are held together independently
of the nipples, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination of the front and rear plates of a header, with a tapered stay
tube having its end projecting beyond the line of the front plate, with a cap for
said stay tube, substantially as described.
6. The combination in a steam boiler, of the furnace, the grate bars on or on
about the line of the bridge wall, inclined tubes, front and rear headers, an arch
back of the bridge wall, a deflecting plate extending from the arch forward to the
front header, so that the products of combustion will be deflected through the
archway to the second combustion chamber, substantially as described.
7. The combination in a steam boiler, of the inclined circulating tubes, the front
and rear headers, the water drum and the steam drum, the deflecting plates b, b¹,
separating the combustion chamber into three parts, with transverse tubes situated
between the upper deflecting plate 6, and the water drum, substantially as
described.
8. The combination in a boiler of the type substantially as described, of the side
headers, transverse tubes connecting the side headers, water inlet pipes entering
said headers, with a pipe, communicating with the main tubes of the boiler, and
an extension of said pipe, whereby scum at the water line can be removed, and a
pipe, through which mud from the bottom of the side header can be removed,
substantially as described.
9. The combination of the inclined tubes, front and rear headers, deflecting plates,
the upper deflecting plates being on a line with the top of the rear header, a filling
plate between the top of the rear header and the wall of the furnace, cleaning
openings in said plate through which a cleaning tool can be inserted to clean the
upper deflecting plate, with covers for said opening substantially as described,

page_text: 10. The combination in steam boiler, of the inclined circulating tubes, the front
and rear headers, the water drum and the steam drum, with a pipe 3, and a pipe i²,
by which the water of condensation is carried from the steam drum to the rear
header, substantially as described.
11. The combination in a steam boiler, of the inclined circulating tubes, the front
and rear headers, the water drum connected to the front and rear headers and the
steam drum mounted above the water drum and connected with one end only
thereof, with a pipe ³, near the passages of the two drums, a pipe, communicating
with said pipe, through which water of condensation may be carried away from the
steam druin, substantially as described.
12. The combination in a steam boiler, of the inclined water tubes, front and
rear headers therefor, a series of water drums, front and rear manifolds therefor,
nipples forming communications between the front water manifold and the front
header, tubes forming communications between the rear water manifolds and the
rear header, a series of steam drums above the water drums, front and rear mani-
folds therefor, nipples forming communications between the rear steam manifolds
and the rear water manifold, the forward steam manifold being connected to the
steam supply pipe, substantially as described.
13. The combination of the inclined tubes, front and rear headers, water manifolds,
drums and tubes connecting the front and rear water manifolds, steam drum and
tubes above the water drum and tubes, front and rear steam manifolds, with which
the drums and tubes communicate, the rear steam manifold and water manifold
being connected together, substantially as described.
14. The combination in a steam boiler, of the head or manifold, a flange thereon,
the edge of said flange being chamfered, a cap adapted to said flange, and having
an annular groove ground to the flange, so as to form a steam tight joint, with a
bolt for securing the cap to the header, substantially as described.
15. The combination of a drum, its head, an opening opposite the drum, a flange
on said head projecting outward and having its edge chamfered, a cap having an
annular groove corresponding with the chamfer on the flange to form a steam tight
joint, a bolt passing through said cap and provided with a nut, with a V-shaped
brace secured to the drum, and connected to the belt, substantially as described.
16. The combination of the flanged header, a cap adapted to said flange, forming
a steam tight joint, a bolt passing through said cap, a box nut adapted to said bolt,
said nut having its face ground and adapted to a ground seat on the cap, a V-shaped
brace attached to the sides of the drum, and a pin securing the brace to the bolt,
substantially as described.
17. The combination in a steam boiler of the drum, the struck up sheet metal
head having a deep flange which encases the drum, said flange being expanded at
the point where it is coupled to another head or header, said expanded portion
being wholly within the flange and having an opening for the reception of the
coupling nipple, substantially as described.
18. The combination in a steam boiler, of the inclined tubes, the front and rear
headers, a series of water drums separated by a series of water tubes, and manifolds
therefor, said drums and manifolds being connected independently with the front
and rear headers, substantially as described.
19. The combination in a steam boiler, of the inclined tubes, front and rear
headers, the water and steam drums with front and rear partitions P, M' arranged
back of the nippling of the drums so that the heads of the druins are exposed for
examination at all times, substantially as described.
20. The combination of the inclined tubes, the front and rear headers, the steam
drums and steam tubes, the water drums and water tubes, manifolds for the several
tubes, partitions P, M' arranged at the back of each manifold linings for said
partitions, said partitions having openings for the drums and tubes, substantially as
described.
21. The combination in a steam boiler, of the inclined tubes, the front and rear
sectional headers, space between each section of the headers, nipples securing the

page_text: sections together, with filling plates adapted to fit in the spaces between the sections,
substantially as described.
22. The combination in a steam boiler, of the sectional headers, nipples securing
the said sections together and forming a space between each section for the insertion
of a cleaning tool, billing plates Z, recessed at Z', for the nipples and provided with
handles by which it can be removed, substantially as described.
23. The combination of the inclined tubes, the front and rear headers, a drum
connected with the front and rear headers, said headers being sectional, spaces
between each section, a deflecting plate 4, extending from the front header, the
upper surface of said plate being on a line with one of the spaces, and with a filling
plate, whereby on the removal of the filling plate a tool can be introduced to clean
the upper surface of the deflecting plate, substantially as described.
24. A horizontal steam or water drum for steam boilers, made of a seamless tube
contracted at each end to form heads, and expanded at the coupling points, substan-
tially as specified.
25. The combination of the section of a steam boiler, an opening therein, a cap
for said opening adapted to a ground seat on the outside of said section, a plate on
the inside of the section, perforations in said plate for the passage of steam to the
space between the cap and plate, with a securing bolt confining the plate and cap to
the section, substantially as set forth..
Dated this 12th day of November 1892.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.