IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER BY THE USE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN CONNECTION WITH WATER UNDER HYDRAULIC PRESSURE, AND IN MEANS OF PREVENTING BOILER EXPLOSIONS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Bell Galloway, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
MOTIVE POWER BY THE USE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN CONNECTION WITH
WATER UNDER HYDRAULIC PRESSURE, AND IN MEANS OF PREVENTING BOILER
EXPLOSIONS"
Sealed the 28th April 1865, and dated the 9th November 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bell Galloway
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th November 1864.
I, GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER BY THE USE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN CONNECTION
WITH WATER UNDER HYDRAULIC PRESSURE, AND IN MEANS OF PREVENTING BOILER
EXPLOSIONS," to be as follows:-
The object and application for Her Majesty's Letters Patent in this my
petition has reference to my former Patents, No. 2765, dated Thirty-first
October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, and No. 651, dated
Fifteenth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in those
aris wherein I have described my improvements in the propulsion of vessels,
and also in appliances for steering them, and the second part has reference to
the prevention of.explosions.in boilers.

page_text: My improvements in the propulsion of vessel consists in the combination
of atmospheric air and water under compression, which I shall produce by
any or the whole of the following plans:-The engine I shall denominate a
planet motion, the form is similar to the rotary engines now in use, but my
improvements consist in the internal arrangements being constructed similar to
a water wheel upon the arms,and cellular spaces, connected with which I direct
the action of air, water, or steam; the peculiarity in this motion consists in
applying metallic rollers(covered with india-rubber or other suitablematerial),
their number varying according to diameter; the use and advantage of those
rollers consists in presenting a travelling surface to the fixed or revolving
piston or cylinder, as, for example, the rollers can be either affixed within the
stationery outside circle and revolve therein, and be kept by springs and
appliances up to the face of the revolving circle, or they can be affixed to the
revolving circle and be kept by similar appliances up to the fixed cylinder;
this motion I intend using as a pump or air blast; and my other form of air
pump is constructed with a valve both in the cover and also the'bottom of the
cylinder, which valves act in unison with the stroke, as by this plan I obtain
the assistance of pressure of the atmosphere, which will assist the motive
power in compressing; and I also cause water to pass into the air cylinder
with the air in oach direction of the stroke, by which arrangement the pump
becomes what may be termed double-acting, that is, both receives and com-
presses water and air at each stroke; the air and water thus pumped and
compressed is then caused to leave the pump by two delivery pipes, which
have a valve fitted within each of them; this valve also opens and closes with
the action of the piston, the water and air is then at once caused to act as
against the water at or near the stern part of vessels, which produces pro-
pulsion; or it will be received first into an accumulator which will be placed
in any convenient part of the vessel, and therein compressed to a greater
extent prior to its being allowed to act for propulsion; and in order to apply
such plans I affix a hollow pipe or tube on each side of the stem of the vessel,
and affix a grating over it to keep out seaweed or other substances. The pipes
have valves in connexion with them; they are attached to two or more
accumulators, which will be placed in the most convenient part of the vessel;
⚫ within these accumulators I affix and cause springs to act to produce hydraulic
pressure, and I also force air into the accumulators to act in the production of
hydraulic pressure. The water by which these accumulators are filled will
also in part be supplied by the plunging and the speed and rolling of vessels
at sea, and from these accumulators I obtain auxiliary or motive power, by
which I work the hydraulic engines which drives the air and water pumps,

page_text: which I apply as the power for the propelling of vessels; and the steering and
reversing the position of vessels without stopping the engines is to be effected
by having a pipe fixed in connexion with the air and water main delivery
exit pipes, which will be placed on each side of the keelson at the bottoin of
the ship, or to the accumulator or accumulators with which the air pumps
will be connected. The orifice of each pipe,with valves fitted within them, will
be caused to pass through each side of the ship at the forward port com-
municating with the sea,and also if required at or near the stern part, as by
these plans in connexion with or independent of two additional rudders I
affix at the terminus of the exit air and water pipe, which I affix through
the stern part near the keel of the vessel, I shall supply additional and
separate independent steerage and reversing power, which in cases of emer-
gency and during naval engagements may be effectively and properly used to
commercial and national advantage, and to obviate and improve the steering
qualities of screw steamers and ships. I intend to affix two of my forms of
propellors upon one boss as well as upon separate bosses, which propellors I
have denominated fish fiu,and which form of propeller is broadest ; at the
boss is a flat or partially carved surface, and has the leading edge cut of to
a point, as previously described in my Patents herein before referred to.
And in order to prevent explosions in steam boilers I propose to strengthen
them by punching or drilling the rivet holes at, say,about two inches from
the edges of the plates,aud by applying a suitable chemical compound, such
as soda ash,to prevent the accumulation of deposits, and by placing within
boilers different descriptions of wood,such as oak, elm, or other substances,
such as manganese, to change the nature and quality of the water, and by
drawing off the electricity (which becomes under varied circumstances
generated in steam boilers) by suitable appliances, such as conductors, which
will be metallic wire, or other appliances, caused to pass through any con-
venient parts of boilers, the object being to draw off the electricity which
naturally becomes generated; and I also propose to force atmospheric air
either in connection with the water through feed pipes which I propose to
affix underneath the furnaces, or by separate means into steam boilers in
order to economise power and prevent the accumulation of electricity. The
strips of iron or steel referred to is intended to cover the seams and edges
of the boiler plates, either in the inside of beilers or the outside, or both, the
object being to strengthen and make boilers more durable and capable of
resisting a higher pressure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Bell Galloway in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th May 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BALL GALLOWAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Bell Galloway, Her special licence that I, the said
George Bell Galloway my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Georgo Bell Galloway, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER BY THE USE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN CONNECTION WITH
WATER UNDER HYDRAULIC PRESSURE, AND IN MEANS OF PREVENTING BOILER
EXPLOSIONS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Bell Galloway, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Bell Galloway, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object and application for Her Majesty's Letters Patent in this my
Specification has reference to my former Patents, No.2765,dated Thirty-first
October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, and No. 651, dated
Fifteenth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in
those parts wherein I have described my improvements in the propulsion of
vessels, and also in appliances for steering them, and the second part has
reference to the prevention of explosions in boilers.
My improvements in the propulsion of vessels consists in the combination

page_text: of atmospheric air and water under compression, which I shall produce by
any or the whole of the following plans:-The engine I shall denominate a
planet motion, the form is similar to the rotary engines now in use, but my
improvements consist in the internal arrangements, being constructed similar
to a water wheel upon the arms and cellular spaces, connected with which I
direct the action of air, water, or steam. The peculiarity in this motion consists
in applying metallic rollers (covered with india-rubber or other suitable
material),their number varying according to diameter. The use and advantage
of these rollers consists in presenting a travelling surface to the fixed or
revolving piston or cylinder, as, for example, the rollers can be either affixed
within the stationary.outside circle and revolve therein, and be kept by springs
and appliances up to the face of the revolving circle, or they can be affixed to
the revolving circle, and be kept by similar appliances upto the fixed cylinder,
the object being to obviate friction; this motion I intend using as an engine
pump or air blast; and my other form of air pump is constructed with a valve
both in the cover and also the bottom of the cylinder, which valves acts in
unison with the stroke, as by this plan I obtain the assistance of the pressure
of the atmosphere, which will assist the motive power in compressing; and I
also cause water to pass into the air cylinder with the air in each direction of
the stroke, by which arrangement the pump becomes what may be termed
double-acting, that is, both receives and compresses water and air at each
stroke; the air and water thus pumped and compressed is then caused to leave
the pump by two delivery pipes which have a valve fitted within each of them,
this valve also opens and closes with the action of the piston; the water and
air is then at once caused to actas against the water at or near the stem part of
vessels, which produces propulsion, or it will be received first into an accumu-
lator, which will be placed in any convenient part of the vessel, and therein
compressed to a greater extent prior to its being allowed to act for propulsion;
and in order to apply such plans I affix a hollow pipe or tube on each side of
the stern of the vessel, and affix a grating over it to keep out seaweed and
other substances. The pipes have valves ir. connexion with them, they are
attached to two or more accumulators which will be placed in the most con-
venient part of the vessel; within these accumulators I affix and cause springs
to act to produce hydraulic pressure, and I also force air into the accumulators
to act in the production of hydraulic pressure,either in connexion with springs
or as the means of compression without the aid of lever, weights, or springs.
The water by which these accumulators are filled will also in part be supplied
by the plunging and the speed and rolling of vessels at sea through valves in
pipes, and from these accumulations I obtain auxilliary or motive power

page_text: through the like connections, by which I work the bydraulic engines which
drives the air and water pumps, which I apply as the power for the propelling
of vessels; and the steering and reversing the position of vessels without
stopping the engines is to be effected by having a pipe affixed in connection
with the air and water main delivery in exit pipes, which will be placed on
each side of the keelson at the bottom of the ship, or to the accumulator or
accumulators with which the air pumps will be connected. The orifice of
each pipe, with valves fitted within them, will be caused to pass through each
side of the ship at the forward port communicating with the sea, and also if
required at or near the stern part, as by these plans in connexion with or
independent of two additional rudders, I affix at the terminus of the exit air
and water pipe, which I affix through the stern part near the keel of the
vessel. Ishallsupplyadditional andseparate independent steering and reversing
power, which in cases of emergency and during naval engagements may be
effectively and promptly used to commercial and national advantage. And to
obviate vibration, increase speed, and improve the steering qualities of screw
steamers and ships, I intend to affix two of my forms of propellers upon one
boss as well as upon separate bosses, which propellors I have denominated a
fish fiu, and which form of propeller is broadest, at the boss is a flat or
partially curved surface, and has the leading edge cut off to a point, as
previously described in my Patents herein-before referred to.
And in order to prevent explosions in steam boilers I propose to strengthen
them by punching or drilling the rivet holes, at,say about two inches from the
edges of the plates, or by applying a suitable chemical compound; such as
soda ash, to prevent the accumulation of deposits, and by placing within
boilers different description of wood, such as oak, elm, or other substances,
such as manganese, or the constituants of the like elements in a liquid state,
the object being to change the quality of the water, and by drawing off the
electricity (which becomes under varied circumstances generated in steam
boilers) by suitable appliances, such as conductors, which will be metallic
wire or other appliances caused to pass through any convenient parts of
boilers, the object being to draw off the electricity which naturally becomes
generated; and I also propose to force atmospheric air either in connection
with the water through feed pipes, which I propose to affix underneath the
furnaces,or by separate means into steam boilers above the water line in order
to economize power and prevent the accumulation of electricity. The strips
of iron or steel referred to is intended to cover the seams and edges of the
boiler plates either in the inside of boilers or the outside, or both, the object
being to strengthen and make boilers more durable and capable of resisting a

page_text: higher pressure, and this principle of construction may be also applied to ships
and steamers.
In addition, having so fully described my plans in this my Specification and
former Patents, I have not deemed it necessary to affix Drawings in connexion
herewith, but would have it understood that what I claim and desire to secure
the exclusive use of is, the various principles of my Invention herein described
and implied these my in part recited Letters Patent, and for the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Bell Galloway, havo hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
GEORGE BELL GALLOWAY. (L.B.)
Witness,
H. J. ALLISON,
5, Wardon Road,
Kentish Town.