In- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Gadd and
John Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents. with their
Petition, on the 13th January 1866.
We. WILLIAM GADD, of Stratford Square. Nottingham, and JOHN MOORE,
of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in arranging looms for weaving so that they
may produce two or more separate and distinct fabrics at the same time. For
this purpose looms arranged according to our Invention are provided with
two or more sets of warps, one over or parallel with the other.
These warps
may be operated by the same or by separate sets of healds. so as to form
separate and distinct "sheds" at the same time for the passage of the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: shuttles of each fabric. Looms according to the improvements may be
arranged to produce the fabrics in horizontal or other directions, one fabric
being over or in front of the other or others. When producing two fabrics
at the same time, one picking stick at each end is all that is required for both
shuttles, but separate pickers may be used with a strap to each. The swells
to the shuttle boxes may act either upon one stop rod or on separate rods;
separate rods are preferred. Separate shuttle races are used, but the upper
one in horizontal looms is essentially different to the lower one, as if the top.
olle was like the ordinary bottom one the practical working would be
impeded. The top one simply consists of a narrow rib of iron, wool, or other
suitable substance placed at the required distance from the reed with its
surface at the proper level; thus, when the lower half of the threads in the
upper shed are pressed downward, they themselves form the race for the
upper shuttle. The loom is constructed with one broad reed (but there may
be separate reeds, one for each fabric). This reed has a rib applied to it
on the same side as the harness at the proper height to give the required
angle to the threads forming the upper shuttle race. There is a separate
weft fork for each fabric, but all actuate one weft fork rod. There is also
an apparatus for facilitating the operator putting in threads which have
broken. This apparatus consists of a thin rod the length of the width of
the cloth, and fastened at each end to small levers, so that when a thread is
broken in the bottom shed it may be drawn through in the upper part and
passed under the rod (raised for the purpose), and then when the rod descends
it carries the thread with it to the bottom shed, and allows it to weave into
that shed. Care should be taken that each cloth shall be woven under the
same conditions, hence the position of the fabrics in horizontal weaving is
necessarily parallel to one another or nearly so. The advantage of the
vertical loom is that it affords greater facility for seeing whether the respective
cloths are weaving correctly or not, and for getting to the respective threads
quickly. Supposing two cloths are being produced in a vertical loom, then
we liave two warps, one on each side of the loom, between which both the
crank shaft and tappet shafts pass, one over the other. The sheds are opened
simultaneously on each side of the loom by double or two sets of single
harness in two separate reeds (one very wide reed could be used, but not
perhaps to the same advantage). Two sets of work rollers are used. There
are two work bars, each of which carries a separate cloth. The picking
stick actuates both shuttles at once, there being a separate box picker and
strap to each shuttle, separate stop rods and weft forks. The shuttles

page_text: necessarily run on the reeds, but each reed is distinct from the other, and
has an upright race placed at the proper angle for the threads with a division
between the front and back race. In case a jacquard is used it would be
placed about the loom, and the strings would pass down the division sinied
and be attached to the centre of the healds, which healds would pass under
rollers fixed each side the strings, so that when the strings were pulled the
healds would be drawn iowards the centre from both sides. The picking
stick is placed between the two shuttles, so as to give both the same tendency.
viz., towards the upright race, as otherwise one shuttle would have a bias
one way and the other another. The upright bearings or races are placed
both between the two sheds, so that both fabrics may be produced under the
same conditions. The work bars are best inside or between the two cloths,
But their position may be varied without injury. The vertical loom is so
arranged in its warps that the sheds shall bear the same relation to the
perpendicular as they would to the horizontal, and each shed bearing the
same relation or nearly so; thus giving equality of tension to the threads
and equality of weight to the healds on each side. They are also arranged
parallel to each other or nearly so, with sufficient distance between the
iwo sheds to insure the threads of one shed from interfering with the threads
of the other shed in their passage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Gadd and John Moore in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GADD, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and JOHN MOORE, of Manchester.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Gadd and John Moore, Her special licence that we, the
said William Gadd and John Moore. our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Gadd and John Moore,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Gadd and John Moore, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of
one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Gadd and John Moore,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our improvements relate to looms arranged for weaving two or more
separate and distinct fabrics at the same time, one over or in front of the
other.
But that the improvements may be fully understood we will by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings proceed io describe means pursued by us in
carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 show sections, and Figure 3 a plan of some of the paris
of a loom arranged to carry out part of our improvements. In Figure 1 the
parts are shewn in the position they assume when the batten is at half stroke
and the shed is closed; Figure 2 shows the parts in the position when the
shed is open and the batten is fully back. In each of these Figures the same
letters indicate corresponding parts.
These warps may be supplied
The warps a, a, pass over the
warp bar d. and they are both
a, a, are the warps for the production of one fabric, and b, b. are the warps
for the production of another piece of fabric.
from the same or from separate warp beams.
warp bar .. The warps b, b, pass over the
operated simultaneously by the same harness e. e, or there may be a
separate harness to each, and the work produced is conducted respectively
over the breast beams and g, and is thence received on to the same or
separate work beams, as is well understood: h is the batten and h a sword
thereof. The shuttle for the lower fabric i runs between its shuttle boxes on

page_text: the warp b, which for the time forms the lower part of the lower shed as that
warp is supported by the race as in ordinary single fabric looms. The
shuttle for the fabric between its boxes runs on the warp a which for the
time forms the lower part of the upper shed as that warp is supported on the
bar which extends across the loom between the shuttle boxes and is
supported by being attached to those boxes, so that the lower half of this
upper shed when resting on the bar forms the race or support for the
shuttle in its traverse between the opposite shuttle boxes. The support thus
given to the lower part of this upper shed is also aided by another bar
similarly extended across the loom behind the reed, forming a rib on the
same side of the reed as the harness, and at the proper height to admit of a
proper angle being formed for the upper shuttle race. The baiten of the
loom as shown is supplied with one broad reed adapted to act simul-
taneously on the two fabrics, but if desired iwo narrow reeds may be applied, one
over the other.
In order to facilitate the operator in laying in or joining on to threads
that have broken or become disconnected in the lower shed there is a rod n
which is supported between the threads of the two fabrics on the ends of
arms, which are affixed to the tubular shaft n², which is capable of moving
on the temple rod o. and has applied to it another arm, which at its outer
end n is by pin joint connected to one end of the link a, the other end of
which is by pin joint connected to one end of the lever arm ", which turns
upon an axis of motion n, and at its other end is formed into a lever handle n
in position to be acted upon by the operator. Supposing a thread to have been
broken in the lower shed, the operator will connect the broken warp in the
ordinary, way to a length of warp, which by the aid of a "hook" or otherwise
he will then draw down under the rod n, when he has first raised that rod by
acting on the handle n into the position indicated by Figures 1 and 3, and
having done so he will allow the rod n to descend into the position indicated by
Figure 2, by which such connected thread will be laid down on to and amongst
the warps of the lower shed. so as to be in a position to be passed over by the
shuttle of the lower fabric and woven into that fabric in the ordinary manner.
To the lever handle n is applied a link p, which may have projections or a
slotted opening to embrace a stud on the spring handle or lever for throwing
the strap off the fast on to the loose pulley, so that whilst the handle n may
be free to be moved by the operator, the throwing of the strap from the loose
to the fast pulley by means of the spring handle will cause the barn to he
placed in the position indicated by Figure 2. Care should be taken that

page_text: each cloth be woven under the like condition, hence the position of the
fabrics in horizontal weavings is parallel one to the other or nearly so."
Figure 4 shows a vertical section of some of the parts of a loom arranged
to weave two fabrics simultaneously on opposite sides or surfaces thereof in a
vertical direction: Figures 5, 6, and 7 show sections and a side view of paris
of the baitens and a shuttle box at one end separately. The advantage of a
vertical loom over a horizontal loom for weaving two cloths one over or in
front of the other is that it affords increased facility for seeing the respective
cloths, and ascertaining whether they are being woven correctly or not, as
well also for quickly getting to the respective threads..
In the arrangement shown by these Drawings A. A. indicate the main
framing B is the crank shaft; and C, the tappet shaft; D, D, are the warp
beams; the warps pass under and are guided into position by the bars E, E.
and are operated for the formation of the respective sheds by double or by
two sets of single harness worked horizontally, as indicated by the lines F. F.
We have not, however, thought it necessary to show the harness complete, or
any method of operating the same, as such will readily be understood, and
forms no part of our Invention. G, G. are the work beams, and H, II, are
the rollers with roughened surfaces for winding up the work as produced and
giving motion to the receiving or work rollers I. I. The rollers H, H, have
take-up motions given to them, as is well understood. J. J. are the reeds for
beating up the respective fabrics; these reeds are distinct one from the other
(though one wide reed might be employed). and the shuttles run upon them.
K, K, are the parts which in horizontal looms form the races, but which in
this case are placed in an upright direction, and are cut away from (1) to (2)
to angles corresponding with those of the open sheds, in order that at such
time the portions of shed may be close to them, and serve as a support on
that side for the upper edge of the shuttle.
the shuttle may in its traverse between the
inclined parts the reeds, in place of being
batten horizontally, are supported therein in inclined directions, each of them
rising a little from the point (2) to the point (3). By thus forming the
parts (1) to (2) in inclined directions corresponding with the angle of the
open shed, and such that one part of the open sheds may rest against these
parts, support is thereby given to the upper edge of each shuttle in its
traverse, and they are consequently very much less likely to fly out during
very fast weaving. The angles (5) of the sides of the shuttle boxes cor-
responding with the sides (1). (2), is less than that of such sides (1), (2),
In order that the tendency of
shuttle boxes be towards those
supported in the framing of the

page_text: By the
and is adapted to the form of the shuttle, as is usual. in order to ensure the
correct receiving and throwing of the shuttles. L is one of the picking sticks,
which by means of a pair of straps L' is caused simultaneously to operate
both shuttles at the same time. M. M, are the shuttle boxes. there being a
separate shuttle box, picker, and strap to each end of each race.
picking stick being placed between the two shuttle races the operating
tendency thereof on both the shuttles is relatively in the same direction. The
division or space between the parts K. K, and the use of separate reeds to
each fabric give facility for the application of jacquard at the upper part of
the loom, so that the strings thereof may pass down between the two races
and be attached to the healds or harness, guide rollers being used to guide
such strings in their action on the healds or harness. The tendency of the
strings when drawn upon by the jacquard being to draw the harness or healds
towards the centre of the loom, whilst springs or weights draw them in the
opposite direction. Both sheds may by this means be operated by one
jacquard apparatus, or there may be a separate jacquard apparatus to each.
The parts of the loom are so arranged that the warps when formed into sheds
may bear the same relation to the perpendicular as they would to the
horizontal in horizontal looms, and both sheds are in corresponding relations,
thus securing equality of tension to the threads and equality of weight to the
healds on each side. The threads are also arranged parallel to each other
or nearly so, with sufficient distance between the two sheds to insure the
threads of one shed from interfering with those of the other shed in effecting
changes of shed. It will generally be found in carrying out these improve-
ments that one picker stick alone at each end of the loom to act on both
shuttles at the same time will be suflicient. The swells to the shuttle boxes
may act either upon one stop rod or on separate rods.
Having thus described our improvements, and means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise arrangements shown and described, as these
may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention;
but what we do claim is,-
First, the application of the bars or rods k, 1. for aiding to support the
upper shuttle when two fabrics are being produced one over the other,
substantially as described.
Secondly, we claim the application of apparatus to facilitate the operator in
filling in threads that have broken, substantially as described.
Thirdly, we claim forming the races or parts K of looms for vertical

page_text: weaving with inclined surfaces corresponding with the inclination of the
sheds, so as to afford a better bearing to the upper part of such shuttle
in its traverse between the shuttle boxes, in manner substantially as
explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Gadd and John Moore, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.