IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH CANDLE MOULDING MACHINES AND CANDLES "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Augustus Biertumpfel of the firm of Biertumpfel
and Son of 138, Albany Street Regents Park in the County of Middlesex,
Candle Machine Builders, Candle Mould Makers and Pewterers for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH CANDLE MOULDING
MACHINES AND CANDLES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Augustus Biertumpfel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1883.
HENRY AUGUSTUS BIERTʊmpfel of the firm of Biertumpfel and Son of 138
Albany Street Regents Park in the County of Middlesex, Candle Machine Builders,
Candle Mould Makers and Pewterers "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITHI
CANDLE MOULDING MACHINES AND CANDLES
"
"
One part of my invention refers to the construction of machines for casting
candles with self fitting ends, and of moulds for same. For forming the said ends
I make that portion of the mould known as the сопе " and which fits into the
candle moulds in two parts which are connected hinged or jointed together; I find
it advantageous to joint the parts together by means of a thin fint steel spring
which is placed in a recess formed in each part of the cone and secured by solder,
and for forming the triangular form of candle end to make the two parts of the
cone to form respectively one side and two sides of the triangle I am thus enabled
to produce a cone that readily delivers itself from the newly made candle and also
obtain facility in working continuous wicking owing to the automatic action
caused by the spring: the same result can be obtained by making the cone in ivory,
india rubber or stamped metal in one piece, in fact any material having a springy
nature, my object being to have a mould that will of itself open and close to allow
the candle wick to be passed into it sideways.
To facilitate the inserting of the cones in the moulds I support the "clamps" by
means of rods or legs which pass down to the piston or driving plate and form that
plate with holes for the aforesaid legs to pass freely through so that the wick tubes
may be raised and lowered without interfering with the "clamps" but if I wish to
raise the latter I draw a plate across the said holes and the legs resting on that
plate will then be raised therewith together with the clamps from off the parts
supporting them on the top of the machine so that the cones may be inserted
without bodily removing the clamps from the machine as has heretofore been
necessary. This mode of raising and lowering the clamps may also be applied to
other candle moulding machines.

page_text: In order to reduce the amount of the candle material known as scrapings I reduce
the bulk of the space in the trays into which the butt ends of the candle moulds
are fixed by inserting a solid or hollow midfeather and also if desired a piece on
cach side; these parts may be united in one frame or casting; I also form the
bridge end of the tray solid in the casting whereby I also do away with the special
separate bridge casting for supporting the clamps, a similar casting can be made to
fit in the trays at present in use with above object I can also bring the rows of
moulds closer together in the trays by adopting a clamp composed in one piece
with a shifting ledge on the bottom which will hold the candles in position.
I arrange the "pistons" to take out when desired and for this purpose screw
their lower ends and fix them to the piston or driving plate by means of thin nuts
and check nuts thus also doing away with the thin plate for holding the pistons in
place in the piston plate; I also make the "cover plate" to take off without
unsoldering the flanges of the present pistons in use; for this purpose I continue
the holes in the said plate out to the edges forming it in fact with notches instead
of holes along each side.
Another object of this invention is to save water for heating and cooling the
moulds and candle material. With this view I do away with the "overflows" or
the so called galleries, and introduce an open chamber in the water box; the water
(or steam) is admitted into the chambers containing the moulds by say two
perforated pipes benching from a common inlet pipe; the outlet may be in the
aforesaid open central chamber and the outlet pipe pass down through the piston
plate or outside the end of the water box, mud holes or other suitable means being
provided for cleaning out the sludge, and doing away with the gland cocks now
used therefor.
I make the "clamps" to open as widely at the top as at the bottom and for this
purpose I connect the outer side of one with the inner side of the other so as to
work in unison; the clamps are also cut away or formod so that the candles can
lodge on an inside half and an outside half, thus saving candle wick as the candles
come lower down into the trays.
I impress or mark candles with the makers name or any other name or design
either on the side or on the butt end; for this purpose I fix or place thin dies
having the desired name or design in the clamps; or I provide a special die
holder or frame in halves on the top of the clamps so as to seize the candles as
they lie in the clamps; and to stamp the butt ends I use suitable arrangements of
dies in a frame while in the moulds or after removal from the machine
I make double wick candles such as the so called "police light" candles as used
by our Navy by forming the tips of the candle moulds with oval or flat holes in
them and I provide a bar or suitable piece placed on or over the bed of the
machine with flat shaped holes and use flat or oval wire to fit therein and to pass
down through it into the tip below thus ensuring the hole in the candle to be in
the exact required position; when the candles have cooled down the wicks are
inserted in these holes; the wicks have previously been dipped in the candle or
other material to give them sufficient stiffness to be easily pushed into the holes so
cast in the moulded material in its desired position with the plait having its
proper side outwards to secure the wick turning towards the outside when burning.
Similar arrangements are applicable in the manufacture of night lights and for
single double or more wicks and also for the manufacture of two three or more
candles combined into one or as above but such combination candles having a hole
through the middle and applicable for billiard lights or carriage candles of extra
illuminating power.
I form candles with tops having the form or impressions of heads, flowers or
other designs and for this purpose the moulds may be provided with the required
design and placed in the sliding tip or take a similar position as the cone in the
above described self-fitting candle arrangement and with the continuous wicking
method.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Augustus Biertumpfel in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th July 1883.
HENRY AUGUSTUS BIERTUMPFEL of the firm of Biertumpfel and Son of 138
Albany Street Regents Park in the County of Middlesex Candle Machine Builders
Candle Mould Makers and Pewterers "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH
CANDLE MOULDING MACHINES AND CANDLES'
"
One part of my Invention refers to the construction of machines for casting
candles with self fitting ends, and of moulds for same. For forming the said ends
I mako that portion of the moulds known as the " cone " and which fits into the
candle moulds, in two parts, which are connected hinged or jointed together;
I find it advantageous to joint the parts together by means of a thin flat steel
spring which is placed in a recess formed in each part of the cone and secured
by solder or any other convenient way and for forming the triangular form of
candle "end" to make the two parts of the cone to form respectively one and two
sides of the triangle.
"
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side view of my improved "cone
a a¹ for forming the ends of self-fitting candles and Figure 2 a horizontal cross
section through same; Figure 3 shows a usual form of candle with self fitting
lower end to be formed by my aforesaid cono; Figure 4 is a part section through
an ordinary candle mould c with the "cone" inserted. The " cone is made in two
parts a and a which are of unequal width or size as shewn at Figure 2 and which
are united by a metallic spring 6 fixed into both parts a and a¹. By making one
part larger than the other I ensure a so much greater strength of that larger
part as to be able to retain the form more perfectly. But in some cases
especially where a special design might require it, I may make the two parts equal
in size.
Figure 5 is a perspective view and Figure 6 a horizontal section through a
"cone" for forming triangular grooved candle ends, the construction of the cone
being similar to that of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 is a plan section and Figure 8 a vertical section through a cone made of
a piece of open stamped grooved metal a of a springy nature; enclosed in an open
ring c of India rubber or other suitable clastic material.
Figure 9 is a plan view of another form of cone made in two parts viz an
inner open ring a having a feather a' and an outer open ring c with a
corresponding inner feather or key c' which fits in the open space of the inner
ring a When the outer ring c is drawn off the inner ring a, the wick can pass
through the lateral openings of the rings a and c. This cone may suitably be made
of pewter.
16
"
I am thus enabled to produce a cone that readily delivers itself from the newly
made candle and also obtain facility in working continuous wicking owing to the
automatic action caused by the spring the wick being able to pass through the
lateral opening of the "cone;" the same result can be obtained by making the
cone in. Ivory, India-rubber or stamped metal in one piece in fact any material
having a springy nature, my object being to have a cone mould that will of
itself open and close to allow the candle wick to be passed into it sideways.
To facilitate the inserting of the cones in the moulds I support the "clamps" by
means of rods or legs which pass down to the piston or driving plate and form
that plate with holes for the aforesaid legs to pass freely through, so that the wick
tubes may be raised and lowered without interfering with the "clamps" but if I

page_text: wish to raise the latter I draw a plate across the said holes and the legs resting on
that plate will then be raised therewith together with the clamps from off the
parts supporting them on the top of the machine so that the cones may be inserted
without bodily removing the clamps from the machine as has heretofore been
necessary. This mode of raising and lowering the clamps may also be applied to
other candle moulding machines than the form of machine just above described as
will be hereinafter referred to.
In order to reduce the amount of the candle material known as scrapings I
reduce the bulk of the space in the trays into which the butt ends of the candle
moulds are fixed by inserting a solid or hollow midfeather and also if desired a
piece on each side; these parts may be united in one frame or casting. I also
form the bridge end of the tray solid in the casting whereby I also do away with
the special separate bridge casting for supporting the clamps a similar casting can
be made to fit in the trays at present in use with above object
I arrange the "pistons" to take out when desired and for this purpose screw
their lower ends and fix them to the piston or driving plate by means of thin nuts
and check nuts thus also doing away with the thin plate for holding the pistons in
place in the piston plate; I also make the "cover plate" to take off without
unsoldering the flanges of the present pistons in use; for this purpose I continue
the holes in the said plate out to the edges forming it in fact with notches instead
of holes along each side.
This part of my invention is illustrated by Figures 10 to 17 Figure 10 being a
part sectional side elevation of my improved candle moulding machine. Figure 11
horizontal section on line X X Figure 12 vertical longitudinal and Figuro 13
vertical transverse section through the "cover plate" and "piston plate"
Figure 14 separate plan of the tray, Figure 15 part end view of the machine,
Figure 16 end view of opposite end of machine and Figure 17 transverse section
through upper part of machine. Figure 17ª is a plan of machine complete with
clamps etc.
The clamps A (which may be of the ordinary construction or of my improved
construction as will be described further on) are supported by two legs A¹ A¹ which
pass down to the piston plate B; this latter is formed with holes B' for the legs A'
to pass freely through so that the wick tubes C may be raised and lowered without
interfering with the clamps A, but if the latter are to be raised the plate or
shutter D is drawn across the holes B' so that the legs A' may rest thereon, and
the clamps A can then be raised together with the piston plate B by means of the
racks E and pinions and handle E to such a height above the tray F that the
concs may be inserted without removing the clamps A bodily from the machine
as hitherto necessary. The shutter D consists of two end parts or plates which aro
united by rods F is a wooden tray for temporarily placing the cones in, shown
in Figure 16.
[
"
The tray F is as shown in Figures 10, 14 and 17 formed with a mid feather F'
for the purpose as stated of diminishing the bulk of the melted candle material;
the bridge end F is formed solid and with a raised part F³ so as to support the
clamps thus doing away with the ordinary separate bridge. Another means of
diminishing bulk of scrapings in an ordinary tray will be described with reference
to Figure 24ª.
The pistons C are at their lower ends secured to the piston plate B by their
upper collars B2 and lower nuts B³. The cover plate G is formed with notches
or slots in each edge (instead of holes as heretofore) so that it can be taken off
as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 13, without unsoldering the flanges of the
pistons now in usc.
Another object of this invention is to save water for heating and cooling the
moulds and candle material. With this view I do away with the "overflows" or
the so called galleries and introduce an open separate or removable chamber in a
portion of the space of the present water box or I may in some cases provide such
open chamber with galleries, the water (or steain). is admitted into the chamber.or

page_text: chambers containing the moulds by say two perforated pipes branching from a
common inlet pipe the outlet may be in the central part of the aforesaid open
chamber and the outlet pipe pass down through the piston plate or outside the end
of the water box, mudholes or other suitable means being provided for cleaning
out the sludge and doing away with the gland cocks now used therefor.
To carry this part of my Invention into effect I provide a skeleton frame which
I fix on the top of the present end standards of the machine thus connecting them
together to this skeleton frame I fit the usual pinion spindle and rack for raising
or lowering the pistons; on the top of this skeleton frame I fix the aforesaid
separate or removable water box, made for one or two or more rows of candle
moulds. I may thus use various sizes and forms of water boxes on one and the
same machine.
Figure 18 is a part transverse section of a machine of this construction Figure 19
part sido view Figure 20 part end view showing the handle and pawl for working
the rack. I have shown the machine provided with two water boxes; H H are
the ordinary standards and I the skeleton frame fixed on the top of them and
supporting by means of flanges or lugs the two removable water boxes K the flanges
or lugs on the latter being always the same distance from the bottom of the boxes
to allow of different sized boxes and fittings being placed and secured on the same
frames which have the water overflow channels cast on (or they may be bolted on)
and formed with triangular notches for the water outlet, (or with the usual round
holes if desired) The middle part of the boxes is filled with pieces L of wood to
save water. M M are the perforated water admission pipes, N are the candle
moulds. K¹ is a mudhole door.
Figure 21 is a vertical cross sectional view showing another arrangement of
water boxes vis formed each with a central hollow part or chamber L for saving
water.
Figure 22 is a half end view and half cross section of another arrangement of
water boxes fitted with central wood parts L, and each water box having a lateral
water overflow to a common central chamber or gutter O.
Figure 23 is a vertical cross section and Figure 24 a horizontal section through
an ordinary water box with galleries but having the part between each pair of
candle moulds and the central part between the two pairs of candle moulds filled
in with pieces of wood L and L¹ holes or channels being provided in them for the
passage of the water. There are also outer pieces of wood L' for the same purpose
of saving water M is the common perforated water admission pipe.
Figure 24ª shows in part sectional end view a water box similar in internal
construction to that described with reference to Figure 17 but made with flanges
and arranged to be removable so as to allow of water boxes with different sized
moulds being placed on and secured to this same frame as before described
order to save scrapings in the ordinary tray F a loose removable grid frame F* is
placed in the tray F.
In
I make the "clamps" to open as widely at the top as at the bottom and for
this purpose I connect the outer side of ono with the inner side of the other so as
to work in unison the clamps are also cut away or formned so that the candles can
lodge on an inside half and an outside half thus saving candle wick as the candles
come lower down into the trays and also allow me to get my candle moulds closer
together thus saving scrapings.
Figure 25 is an end view of my improved clamp arranged for two rows of
candles and in the open position Figure 26 is a vertical cross section in the closed
position Figure 27 a modified sectional view Figure 28 a part plan view and
Figure 29 a perspective view. The outer parts P of each clamp are connected
with the inner parts P¹ of the other clamp by means of flat bars or bands Q and
all the parts are guided by means of thin bolts or wires R. The flat bar S serves
to close the clamps by means of a handle or crutch S¹ thereon and the helical
springs U serve to open them or force them apart. There are also guide plates T
held by screws T' in slots on the top of the clamps for preventing one part of the

page_text: clamp from rising higher. than the other. The clamps are as shown at Figure 27
formed somewhat differently to Figures 25 and 26 inasmuch as the candles at P* P³
rest on an outside leg P and an inside leg P₁ the adjoining outer leg P being
cut away below whereas in the former figures the candles rest in two outside
legs P and P. The candles rest on strips of felt which is an improvement on the
leather strips heretofore used, because "felt" with a greater thickness retains its
elasticity and softness.
I impress or mark candles with the makers name, or any other name or design
either on the side or on the butt end; for this purpose I fix or place thin dies
having the desired name or design in the clamps or I provide a special die holder
or frame in halves on the top of the clamps so as to seize the candles as they lie in
the clamps; and to stamp the butt ends I use suitable arrangements of dies in a
frame while in the moulds or after removal from the machine.
Figure 30 is a sectional view of part of a clamp for example similar to that
shewn at Figures 25 to 27 but provided with thin dies marked with letters in the
interior of the clamps so as to impress the side of the candles with such letters
marks or devices.
Figure 31 is a perspective view of a special shallow clamp dieholder, or frame
similar in construction to those shown and described with reference to Figures 25
to 30. This shallow clamp or dieholder having the desired letters or designs as
at V. Figure 31 is placed on the top of the clamp described at Figures 25 and 28
for seizing and impressing the candles as they lie in the clamps.
I make double wick candles such as the so called "police light" candles as used
by our Navy or other double or multiple wick candle by forming the tips of the
candle moulds with oval or flat holes in them and I provide a bar or suitable piece
placed on or over the bed of the machine and so arranged that it can be raised and
lowered by means of the lifting leg described with reference to Figures 10 & 11
This piece is formed with flat shaped holes and I use flat or oval wire to fit therein
and to pass down through it into the tip below thus ensuring the hole in the
candle to be in the exact required position When the candles have cooled down
the wicks are inserted in these holes; the wicks have previously been dipped in the
candle or other material to give them sufficient stiffness to be easily pushed into
the holes so cast in the moulded material in its desired position with the plait
having its proper side outwards to secure the wick turning towards the outside
when burning Similar arrangements are applicable in the manufacture of night
lights and for single double or more wicks and also for the manufacture of two
three or more candles combined into one or as above and also for billiard lights or
carriage candles of extra illuminating power.
Figure 32 is a part sectional side view and Figure 33 a plan section of a double
wick candle which is cast with wick holes through as described and then provided
with stiffened wicks having the plaitings in the proper direction.
Figure 34 is a sectional plan of a three wick candle made in the same manner.
Figure 35 is a part sectional elevation of a multiple night light made in the
same manner or otherwise but having a wick which at regular intervals as shown
at W is provided with means for causing the light to go out when the flame reaches
such part, the intervals may correspond to any desired interval to time such as
20 or 30 minutes.
Figure 36 is a part sectional elevation of a servants night light.
This part of my Invention is also applicable to signal lights or other lights or
whenever it is desired that the candle should go out at certain regular intervals
after each time of relighting. The candle may have the number of times it will
go out marked on it in Figures near the top by the aforesaid clamps or die holders
or all along as shown in Figures 35 and 36.
The wick is prepared by binding fine wire or twine rendered incombustible by
means of alum or other suitable preparation round the wick at the required
distances; or the wick itself may be treated with alum or other suitable means at
the required places.

page_text: I form candles with tops having the form or impressions of heads flowers or
other designs and for this purpose the moulds may be provided with the required
design and placed in the sliding tip or take a similar position as the cone in
the above described self fitting arrangement and with the continuous wicking
method.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed I declare that I Claim
•
First-The construction and use of open candle mould "cones" for the purpose
of rendering them removable and interchangeable without cutting the wick,
and thus affording the facility of working continuous wicking substantially as
described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Second-The modes and means for raising and lowering the wick tubes and the
clamps independently of each other and so that the cones may be inserted without
removing the clamps, substantially as described and as illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
Third-The improved construction of tray and parts connected therewith
substantially as described with reference to Figures 10. 14, 17 and 24 for the
purpose of saving the material known as scrapings
Fourth-The mode and means for saving water in the water boxes and
for adapting one machine for various sizes and constructions of water boxes and
candle moulds substantially as described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Fifth-The mode and means for connecting the pistons to the piston plate and
for facilitating the removal of the cover plate substantially as described and as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Sixth-The constructions of the clamps substantially as and for the purposes
set forth and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Seventh-The various forms or constructions of candles and the modes of and
means for making them substantially as described.
:-
Eighth The combination of parts forming my improved candle moulding
machines as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Augustus Biertumpfel have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Tenth day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
חחחחחו זחחחזם
HENDY
TATATATE
AUGUSTUS DIENTUMIFE.
(v.S.)