IMPROVEMENTS IN CLUTCHES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WALTER HALSTED CORTIS STANFORD of 3 Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLUTCHES " to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to that class of clutches commonly known as
"friction clutches," used for communicating while in motion the rotation of one
piece of mechanism to another, the particular advantages attached to the invention
being the utilisation of the driving power itself in throwing the clutch in and out
of gear, the very great pressure that can be concentrated on small surfaces, the ease
with which the transmission of power can be applied and taken off, and the absence
of rubbing surfaces and consequent non-absorption of power in the continued
application of the clutch,
The invention is capable of many modifications. In the first where motion has
to be transmitted from a shaft to a loose wheel what may be terined an "inside
grip" can be used and this is effected by the following means. The shaft has keyed
or otherwise fixed to it a wheel, hereinafter called the "fast wheel," having a deep
boss. The wheel to which rotation has to be transmitted, hereinafter called the
'loose wheel," encircles the fast wheel being formed with a deep recess, the inner
circumference of which is concentric to the fast wheel. Attached at one of its ends
to the fast wheel and passing round it is a flexible metal strap which forms the
inside grip or clutch. It is made so as to leave a small annular space between it
and the inner circumference of the loose wheel which encircles it. On the
fast wheel two bearings are formed in which works a spindle. One end of this
spindle has a conical wheel or roller fixed to it hereinafter called the "friction
roller," the other end having a worm or thread cut in it which gears into a worm
wheel rotating upon an axis at right angles to that of the spindle. The worm
wheel is keyed or otherwise fixed to a spindle which at one end revolves in a
bearing formed in the fast wheel and at the other end has a screw cut on it. This
screw works in a sliding nut, which on the screw being turned causes the nut which
cannot rotate with it to advance or recede according to the direction in which the
screw is turned. The axis of the friction roller spindle is inclined to the axis of
the driving shaft but both axes are in the same plane and the friction roller is of
the form of the frustrum of a cone having its apex at the intersection of the two
axes. In revolving therefore with the driving shaft the path of that portion of

page_text: the periphery of the friction roller nearest to the axis of the shaft and on the plane
of the two axes, will be the frustrum of an acute cone having its apex at the
intersection of the axes of the two shafts and the path of that portion of the
periphery farthest from the axis of the driving shaft and on the plane of the two
axes will be the frustrum of a cone having its apex at the same point of intersection,
the angle of its apex being equal to the angle of the acute cone plus twice the
angle of the apex of the cone of which the friction roller is the frustrum. If
therefore a male cone of the smaller angle, having a sliding motion concentric to
the driving shaft, but not rotating with it, be pressed against the inner side of the
friction roller the portion of the periphery momentarily in contact with this cone
will be brought to a stand still and as the axis of the roller spindle is revolving
round the shaft a rolling motion will be given to the friction roller and the spindle
will rotato in the same direction as the driving shaft, whereas if a female cone of
the larger anglo be pressed against the outer side of the friction roller the rolling
motion will be reversed and the spindle will rotate in the direction opposite to that
of the driving shaft. These two cones, male and female hereinafter called the
"brake cones
can be connected so as to slide together and so that only one can be
-in-contact with-the-friction roller at the same time. They may be placed so as to
slide on the driving-shaft itself and rotate with it when not in use or they may be
placed in independent bearings, sliding-free-of the shaft-but-concentric to it.
"
If the clutch placed at the end of the driving shaft-the-latter may be reduced
in diameter so as to lessen the size of the friction cones, or the same end may-be-
attained-by-making the friction roller project beyond the end of shaft. In the
former case the brake-cones are made to slide on the end of the shaft where it is
reduced in size, and in the latter case in independent-bearings.
The action of this form of clutch is as follows: By alternating the direction of
the sliding movement of the brake cones the pressure-can be applied on the inner-
side or the outer side of the periphery of the friction roller causing a rotation of
the spindlo in alternate directions as herein before described. This rotation of the
spindle and screw in one direction causes the worm wheel and screw fixed-to-it to
rotate and drive the sliding nut against the metal spring or clutch, which is pressed
outwards, expanding until it grips the whole inner surface of the rim or flange of
the loose wheel which now revolves with the driving shaft. The rotation of the
spindle in the opposite direction has the effect of drawing back the sliding nut and
removing the pressure from the metal spring or clutch and so releases the loose
wheel which again becomes loose on the shaft.
A second modification consists in making the spindle of the worm wheel with a
right handed screw at one end and a left handed screw at the other end, with
corresponding sliding nuts, so that the pressure may be brought to bear against
both sides of the metal spring or clutch simultaneously, the metal spring or clutch
in that case may if necessary be fixed to the fast wheel at that point in its
circumference opposite to the worm wheel.
A third modification consists in applying pressure at two or more points in the
width of the clutch, these points being in the same plane as the axis of the spindle.
This is done by arranging the friction roller spindle so that it shall operate upon
two or more worm wheels. Each worin wheel may be inade to actuate one sliding
nut or two sliding nuts as herein before described.
A fourth modification consists in applying pressure at two or more equidistant
points in the periphery of the clutch. This is accomplished by having two or more
equidistant spindles inclined at the same angle to the axis of the driving shaft,
their axes and that of the driving shaft having one common point of intersection.―
Each of these spindles is made to actuate one or more sliding nuts, or one or more
pairs of sliding nuts as described in first second and third modifications herein.
On the end of each of these spindles, instead of a friction roller a bevel toothed
wheel of the same pitch as the friction roller is fixed. These bevelled wheels are
connected so that they rotate together by bevelled gearing the pitch lines of which
are similar to the male and female brake cones hereinbefore described. In this case

page_text: the male bevel wheel which is in gear with the inner side of each spindle wheel is
attached to a brake wheel and its rotary:motion is arrested by applying a brake to it
in the ordinary way. The female bevel wheel which is in gear with the outer side of
each spindle wheel revolves on the boss of the male bevel wheel and forms part of
another brake wheel whose motion is also. arrested by a brake in the ordinary way
The result of applying the brako to one wheel is to produce the rotation of the
several spindles in one direction, and the direction of the rotation is reversed by
applying the brako to the other wheel. A single spindle such as described in first
second and third modifications can be actuated in the sanie way as herein described
for two or more spindles.
A fifth modification is similar to the fourth already described. In this case tho
several spindle wheels are connected so that they rotate together by a male bove!
wheel only. On one of the spindles is a conical friction roller to which the
alternating rolling motion is communicated by means of male and female brake
cones as described in the first modification herein.
A sixth modification consists in placing the spindle or spindles parallel to the
axis of the driving shaft. In this case the brake wheels are connected to male and
female cylindrical toothed wheels gearing into the inner side and outer side
respectively of spur wheels fixed to the end of each spindle. The rotation of the
spindle or spindles in alternating directions is brought about by applying a brake
in the ordinary manner to one or the other of the brake wheels as described in the
fourth modification herein mentioned. Each of these spindles is made to actuate
one or more sliding nuts or one or more pairs of sliding nuts as herein before
described.
A seventh modification-consists in placing the geared spindles parallel to the axis
of the shaft and actuating them as described in the sixth modification. Each
spindle has cut on it a right-handed and a left handed screw. These screws aro
tapped into two reversed male cones tapering inwards. These cones have a sliding
motion on the driving shaft and concentric to it but rotate with it. As the spindles
rotate in one direction the reversed cones are caused to approach each other
simultaneously and at the same time grip reversed female cones of corresponding
pitch attached to the loose wheel and so cause it to revolve with the driving shaft.
Upon turning the screws in the other direction the male cones recede from each
other and release the wheel which again becomes loose on the shaft.
The eighth modification is similar to the seventh, a single cone actuated by a
right handed screw being substituted for the reversed cones with right and left
handed screws.
The ninth modification is similar to the seventh but instead of reversed cones
the right and left handed screws are made to actuate two sliding jaws or face
plates which are caused to approach each other and grip on either side a plate
which is attached to the loose, wheel.
The tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth modifications
consist of arrangements whereby an outside grip is effected and this is produced by
siinilar means to those described in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth
modifications, the only difference being that the sliding nuts and worm whicel
scrows are caused to exert a pulling strain on the end or ends of the metal spring
or clutch so as to take it embrace the outside of a special cylinder attached to the
shaft or wheel to which rotation has to be transmitted.
The sixteenth modification consists in placing the friction roller spindle at right
angles to the axis of the driving wheel or shaft. At the end of the spindle farthest
froin the axis of the shaft a friction roller is fixed. The roller is of the form of a
frustruin of a cone having its apex at the intersection of the two axes. The
spindle has its bearings in the boss of the fixed wheel, or the loose driving wheel
as the case may be. Concentric to this boss are two similar conical brakes, one on
each side of the friction roller. They are of the form of frustrums of cones having
their common apex at the intersection of the axes of the shaft and spindle. These

page_text: "
two cones which are the brake cones can be made to slide on the boss of the fast
wheel and rotate with it when not in use, or they may be placed in independent
bearings as herein before described.
The spindle has cut on it a thread which gears into one or more worm wheels
actuating spindles at right angles to it. Each of these worm wheel spindles by
means of screws cut thereon is caused to exert a pulling strain on a sliding nut or
pair of sliding nuts, the result being that the metal spring or clutch is made to
embrace or grip the outside of the special cylinder attached to the shaft or wheel to
which rotation has to be imparted.
The spindle is caused to rotate in one direction by pressing one of the brake
cones against the brake roller, and the direction of the rotation is reversed by
pressing the other brake cone against the brake roller.
The seventeenth modification is similar to the sixteenth but instead of a brake
roller a bevel toothed wheel of the same pitch as the roller is fixed to the spindle.
For the brake cones two similar toothed bevel wheels of like pitch are substituted.
These bevel wheels revolve on turned bearings formed in the boss of the fast wheel
or loose driving wheel as the case may be, and gear into the bevel wheel of the
spindle, one-on-each side of it, and are formed so that a brake can be applied to
them in the ordinary-way..
The rotation of the spindle in one direction is brought about by applying the
brake to the wheel on one side of the spindle, and the direction-is-reversed when-
the brake is applied to the wheel on the other side.
The-eighteenth modification consists in bringing the pressure to bear at two or
more equidistant points in the circumference of the metal spring or clutch. This
is accomplished by having two or more spindles similar to that described in the
seventeenth modification. Each of these spindles is made to actuate-one-or-more
sliding nuts-or-pairs of sliding nuts and has fixed to the outer end a bevel toothed
wheel as described. The rotation-of-the several spindles in alternato directions is.
brought about by the means described in the seventeenth-modification, the brako
wheels gearing into the bevel wheel of each spindle.
The nineteenth modification consists in placing the axis of the friction roller
spindle at right angles to the axis of the driving shaft and giving it alternating
rotary motion in the manner described in the sixteenth modification, but instead
of actuating a worm wheel the screw of the spindle works in a sliding but non-
rotating nut. As the spindle is turned in one direction the sliding nut advances and
presses against one end of the metal spring or clutch bringing it into contact with
the outside of the special cylinder attached to the shaft or wheel to which rotation
has to be transmitted. The other end of the metal spring or clutch is fixed to the
fast wheel, or loose driving wheel, as the case may be, the fixed end being the
leading end in the direction of the rotation of the shaft, and the end where
the pressure of the nut is applied is the trailing end. The result is that the metal
spring has a winding action and its grip is thereby increased. On turning the
spindle in the opposite direction the nut is drawn back and the spring is no longer
in contact with the cylinder.
The twentieth modification is similar to the nineteenth, but the spindle is rotated
in alternating directions by the means described in the seventeenth modification.
The twenty first modification consists in applying the pressure as described in
the nineteenth modification at two or more points in the circumference of the
clutch by two or more spindles instead of one, the simultaneous and alternating
rotation of the spindle being produced by the means described in the seventeenth
modification, the brake wheel being made to gear with the bevel wheel on each
spindle.
The nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty first modifications may be further
modified by applying the pressure at two or more points in the width of the
clutch, the simultaneous rotation of the several spindles being brought about by
connecting them by spur gearing.

page_text: In most cases where sliding nuts are described they may be omitted, and the
actuating screw of the spindle may work in a thread tapped in the metal spring or
clutch..
In the class of clutches described in the first, second third, fourth, fifth and sixth
modifications, which are inside grip clutches, a further modification can be made
by continuing or returning the metal spring or clutch inwards so as to form two or
more radial arms between each pair of which the worm wheel actuating the screw
and nuts is placed. The returned ends are attached to the boss of the fast wheel
and revolve with it.
Alternating rotary motion is imparted to the worm wheel spindles in the manner
hereinbefore described.
The alternating rotary motion may also be applied to the spindle or spindles
actuating any of the forms of clutch herein before described by arresting the motion
of the periphery of the brake roller or toothed wheel thereon on one of its sides
only instead of on both sides. In this case the rotary motion in one direction is'
given by applying a brake directly to the periphery of the roller or toothed wheel
as the case may be and the motion is reversed by the intervention of an intermediate
friction roller or toothed wheel which imparts rotation to the spindle but in an
opposite direction. The intermediate roller or wheel revolves freely on a pin that
is attached to the fast wheel, or driving shaft.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION,
I, WALTER HALSTED CORTIS STANFORD, of 3 Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLUTCHES" and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
_and_by-the-following statement:-
My invention relates to friction-clutches or couplings-for-driving-shafts, pulleys,
toothed wheels or other rotary pieces of mechanism-and-is-chiefly designed-to-
provide for coupling or uncoupling the parts whilst one or both of them are in-
motion.
Amongst the advantages afforded by my invention are the following, viz:-
First, the driving power is utilized-for-throwing the clutch or coupling in and
out of gear. Secondly, there is no end-thrust or displacement-of-the centre of one
_of_the parts relatively to that of the other part. Thirdly, great pressure can bo
concentrated on small-surfaces. Fourthly, the clutch can be easily set-up-and
released. Fifthly, there are no rubbing surfaces, and consequent absorption of
power during the continued application of the clutch, such as exist when-one-part
of the clutch has to be continually held or pressed against the other part thereof,
by a forked lever engaging with it between two fixed collars.
My said invention is capable of a great many modifications some of which are
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In the apparatus shewn in Figures 1 and 2, of which Figure 1 is a vertical
longitudinal central section, and Figure 2 a transverse section; a indicates a shaft
from which motion is to be communicated or imparted to a pulley or wheel b
mounted loosely on the said shaft. The shaft a has keyed or otherwise fixed
thereon a metal wheel or block c. The pulley or wheel b is formed with an
annular projection or flange b' which encircles tho said wheel c. d is a flexible or
elastic metal strap or band which is attached at one end to the wheel c and partially
encircles the same. This strap is so arranged within the annular projection or
flange b', that when the clutch is out of gear, there is a small space between the
exterior surface of the said strap and the interior surface of the said projection or
flange.
e is a spindle carried in bearings in the wheel and having fixed on one end
thereof a conical friction roller f. The other end of this spindle is formed or
provided with a worm or screw-thread which gears with a worm-wheel g, formed
or fixed on a screw-threaded spindle I also carried in bearings in the wheel c. The
screwed portion of the spindle h works in a nut i fitted to slide to and fro in a
recess or cavity c¹ in the wheel c, but prevented from rotating, therein; therefore,
when the spindle h is turned in either direction, the nut is caused to move in the
corresponding direction in the said cavity. This nut is in contact with the free
extremity of the strap d; therefore, when the nut slides in one direction, the
exterior surface of the said strap will be pressed against the interior surface of the
projection or flange b', the direction of the rotation tending to cause it to expand
and further increase the area in contact, and the wheel b will rotate with the

page_text: shaft a. But, when the said nut slides in the other direction, the strap will movo
out of contact with the projection or flange b', and the wheel b will no longer
rotate with the said shaft. The axis of the spindle e is inclined to the axis of the
shaft a, but these axes are in the same plane, and the friction roller ƒ has the form
of the frustum of a cone having its apex at the intersection of these two axes.
This
I provide the means hereinafter described whereby motion can be imparted in
either direction to the spindles e and h and the nut i from the driving-shaft a, that'
is to say:-k is a metal sleeve or piece which is fitted to slide on the shaft a.
sleeve is made with a conical part to act in combination with the friction roller f
as hereinafter described. is a hollow metal cone also designed to act in combi-
nation with the said friction roller as hereinafter described.
These two conical parts k¹ and , which I will hereinafter term the "brake
cones," are so connected that they will slide together on the shaft a and will rotate
with it when not in use, but suitable means are provided for preventing their
rotation with the said shaft when necessary.
It will be seen, moreover, that they cannot be in contact simultaneously with
the friction-rollor f.
If the sleeve and hollow cone are moved in the direction indicated by the
arrow in Figure 1, the conical part will be brought into contact with the friction
roller f, on the side next the shaft a, whilst the hollow cone will be moved away
from the said friction roller. As the spindle e and friction roller f revolve around
the shaft a, a rolling motion will be imparted to them. The spindle e will thus be
rotated upon its axis in the same direction as the driving shaft a. But, if the
sleeve and hollow cone are moved in the opposite direction to that indicated by
the arrow, the hollow cone will be brought into contact with the friction roller f
on the side farthest from the shaft a, whilst the conica' part will be moved away
from the said friction-roller. The spindle e will then be rotated upon its axis in
the direction opposite to that of the dri: ing shaft a.
In some cases I arrange the brake-cones on independent bearings or supports 30
that they will be concentric with the shaft a and can slide to and from the
friction-rollor f, as above specified.
If the clutch is placed at the end of the driving shaft, the latter may be reduced
in diameter so that smaller brake-conos than would otherwise be required can be
used.
The same result can be attained by making the friction-roller project beyond the
end of the shaft. In the former case, the brake-cones are made to slide on the
end of the shaft where it is reduced in size, and, in the latter case, they are
arranged to slide on independent bearings or supports.
The brake-cone is shewn with a peripheral groove in which fit the two
prongs m of a forked lever for moving the brake-cones to and fro on the shaft c.
But other devices may be employed for this purpose; or, if desired, the brake
cone may be suitably formed so that it can be moved to and fro and its rotation
be arrested by hand.
Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal central section shewing the above described
improvements applied to a clutch for connecting two shafts a, a'. This figure,
moreover, illustrates a slight modification, which consists in reversing the positions
of the brake-cones relatively to the friction roller, to permit the employment of a
larger roller than that shewn in Figure 1.
Another modification of my invention is shewn in transverse section in Figure 4
and consists in extending the spindle h in both directions from the worm-wheel g
and forming a right-handed screw-thread at one end of the said spindle and a left-
handed screw-thread at the other end thereof, and providing correspondingly
screw-threaded sliding nuts i, i, so that pressure may be applied to both ends of
the inetal spring or strap d simultaneously. The strap d is, in the apparatus
shewn in Figure 4, secured to the wheel c at that point in its circumference
opposite to the worm-wheel g. This connection may, however, in some cases be
dispensed with.

page_text: In some cases, I provide for applying pressure at two or more points in the
width or length of the clutch. For this purpose I arrange the spindio e so that it
will act upon two or more worn-wheels g, g', as shewn in Figure 5, which is a
transverse section, Each of these worm-wheels inay be made to actuate one sliding
nut or two sliding nuts as herein before described.
In other cases, I provide for applying pressure at two or more equidistant points
in the periphery of the clutch. This is accomplished by employing two or more
equidistant spindles e, e¹ (Figures 6 and 7) inclined at equal angles to the axis of
the driving shaft a, their axes and that of the driving shaft having one common
point of intersection. Each of these spindles is arranged to actuate one or more
sliding nuts or one or more pairs of sliding nuts in the manner herein before
described.
I sometimes substitute for the friction rollers above described bevel pinions n, as
shewn in Figure 8, which is a vertical longitudinal central section. These pinions
are connected by means of a bevel gear wheel o fixed or formed on the bush or
sleeve o' which is free to rotate upon the shaft a and on which is fixed a brake-
wheel o. The pinions n are also connected by an internally toothed bevel gear-
wheel_2, which is mounted loosely on the sleeve o¹ and is provided with a rim or
flange pl,so that it will serve as a brake-wheel. By applying a suitable brake to
the wheel o, the bevel gear-wheel-o_will_be_prevented from-rotating, and a rolling
motion around the same will, consequently, be imparted to-the-pinions n, thereby
causing the rotation of the spindles e c¹ in opposite directions. And, by applying
a brake to the flange p¹, the gear-wheel p will be prevented from rotating, and a
rolling-motion-will be imparted to the pinions around the said gear-wheel,
thereby causing the rotation of the said spindles in the reverse directions.
In the modification of my invention shewn in Figure 9, which-is-also a vertical.
longitudinal central section, the spindles e, e' are arranged parallel to the axis of
the driving-shaft a, instead of being inclined thereto.
Further modifications of the clutch shewn in Figure 9 are illustrated in
Figures 9 and 9 wherein ono annular spindle e provided with a worm or screw--
thread takes the place of the parallel spindles, the alternating rotary motion being
imparted by means similar to those above described.
The spindles e, el are sometimes formed with right-handed and left-handed
screw-threads, as shewn in Figure 10, which is a vertical longitudinal central
section. The screws of these spindles engage with worm-wheels g, g', whereby
pressure can be applied to the strap d at two points in the width or length of the
clutch.
According to a further modification of my invention, shown in vertical
longitudinal central section in Figure 11, and in transverse section in Figure 12,
the spindles e, e' are made with right and left handed screw-threads and are passed
through correspondingly screw-threaded holes in two friction cones q, q, arranged
with their smaller ends towards each other. These friction cones have a sliding
motion on the driving shaft and are arranged to operate in combination with an
annular projection or flange b¹ fixed on the shaft a¹ or other part to be driven, and
having two conical surfaces corresponding with the surfaces of the friction cones.
When the spindles e, e¹ are rotated in one direction, the friction cones q, q' are
caused to simultaneously approach each other and grip the conical parts of the
flange band thus cause it and the shaft al to revolve with the driving-shaft.
Upon turning the screws in the other direction the friction cones recede from each
other and release the flange b' and shaft a¹, which are thus disconnected from the 5
shaft a.
In Figures 11 and 12, I have shewn brakes 7 for application to the
wheel o² and rim or flange p¹.
If desired, a single friction cone actuated by a right-handed screw is substituted
for the friction cones actuated by the right and left handed screws. Or, instead of
the said cones, the right and left handed screws are made to actuate two sliding 5
jaws which are caused to approach each other and grip a plate, which is arranged
between them and is firmly secured to the part to be driven.
A

page_text: A further modification, illustrated in vertical longitudinal section in Figure 13,
consists in providing the spindles e c' with bevel pinions, which are connected
by a bevel gear-wheel o fitted loosely on the shaft a. In this case the spindles e, e¹
are rotated by means of conical friction rollers to which rolling motion in either
direction is impartod by means of brake-cones k, l, as herein before described. If
desired, only one friction roller is used in this case.
In the above described modifications, the grip or pressure is applied to the
interior surface of a flange on the part to be driven, but, in some casos, the pressure.
is applied to the exterior of such flange or its equivalent.
Figure 14 is a vertical longitudinal central section, and Figures 15 to 19 are
transverse sections, illustrating different methods of accomplishing this result by
means substantially similar to those above described, the sliding nuts and screw
spindles being arranged to exert a pulling strain on the end or ends of the metal
spring or strap d, so as to cause it to grip the exterior of a cylindrical piece b*
attached to the shaft or wheel to which motion has to be transmitted.
The arrangement of the clutch to effect an outside grip is usoful in cases where
motion has to be transmitted from a loose wheel to the shaft on which the loose
wheel revolves.
A further modification of my invention consists in placing the spindle e or
spindles e, eat right angles to the axis of the driving wheel or shaft but with
their axes in the same plane therowith, as shown in Figures 20 and 21, or
Figures 22 and 23. In these two cases, the friction rollers or pinions may be
arranged in combination either with sliding brake-cones or with toothed brake-
wheels, and arranged to operate in the manner hereinbefore set forth.
In the modification shewn in Figures 20 and 21, the screw of the spindle e or e¹
instead of actuating a worm-wheel, works in a sliding, but non-rotating, nut i.
When the spindles are rotated in one direction, the sliding nuts advance and press
against the metal spring or strap d thereby bringing it into contact with the
outside of the cylinder be. One end of the strap d is attached to the fast wheel,
or to the loose driving wheel, as the case may be, the fixed end being the leading
end in the direction of the rotation of the shaft, and the end where the pressure of
one of the nuts is applied the trailing end. The result is that the inetal spring or
strap d has a tendency to wind or coil itself upon the cylinder and therefore to
increase its grip thereon. When the spindles are rotated in the opposite direction,
the nuts are drawn back and the spring or strap d is moved out of contact with
the cylinder 6*.
In most of the cases above described, wherein sliding nuts are employed, these
nuts can, if desired, be dispensed with and the actuating screw of the spindle may
work in a hole tapped in the metal spring or strap.
In the clutches above described, wherein an inside grip is provided for, a further
modification is sometimes made by bending the metal spring or strap inwards so
as to form radial arms between each pair of which is placed a worm-wheel
actuating one or two screws and nuts.
In some cases, I provide for effecting simultaneously an inside and an outside
grip, as shewn in Figures 24 and 25, or Figures 26 and 27.
In the modification shewn in Figures 24 and 25, I employ two metal straps d, d';
the strap d encircles the wheel c, and the strap d' encircles the boss b* of the
wheel b. The said straps are formed with inclined surfaces d* to operate in
combination with wedge-shaped nuts, which are arranged to be drawn towards
each other, or moved away from each other, by right and left handed screws on the
spindle e, to press the straps d, d' against the flange b' and the boss b* or move
them out of contact therewith. This spindle is shewa provided with a toothed
pinion n' gearing with toothed wheels o p whose motion can be arrested at will
by means of brake-wheels as herein before described.
In Figures 26 and 27, nuts i* and toggle armas s are substituted for the inclined
surfaces and the wedge-shaped nuts described with reference-to Figures 24 and 25,

page_text: The alternating rotary motion may be imparted to the spindlo e or spindles e, e¹,
1or actuating the clutches herein before described, by arresting the motion of tho
periphery of the friction roller or toothed wheel thereon only on that part or side
of its periphery nearest the axis of the driving-shaft, instead of on both sides.
thereof. In the apparatus shewn in Figures 28 and 29, rotary motion in one
direction is imparted to the spindle e by applying a brake directly to the periphery,
of the wheel p on which is fixed the toothed wheel p³ gearing with the pinion, e³.
And the motion is reversed by applying a brake to the wheel of which is fixed on
the sleeve o' formed integrally with the toothed wheel o; this toothed wheel gears
with the pinion through the intervention of an intermediate toothed wheel t, so
that it also imparts rotation to the spindle c, but in the opposite direction. The
intermediate wheel revolves freely on a pin t¹ carried by the driving shaft or
other part from which motion is to be transmitted by the clutch.
All the modifications above described may be applied to couple either two shafts
or other pieces of mechanism. It is obvious, moreover, that, in either of the above
described modifications, bevel gear-wheels can be substituted for the worm and
for actuating the clutches herein before described, by arresting the motion
periphery of the friction roller or toothed wheel thereon only on that part or side
of its periphery nearest the axis of the driving-shaft, instead of on both sides
thereof. In the apparatus shewn in Figures 28 and 29, rotary motion in one
direction is imparted to the spindle e by applying a brake directly to the periphery.
of the wheel p on which is fixed the toothed wheel p³ gearing with the pinion, c³.
And the motion is reversed by applying a brake to the wheel o' which is fixed on
the sleeve o' formed integrally with the toothed wheel o; this toothed wheel,
l.gears
with the pinion through the intervention of an intermediate toothed wheel t, so
that it also imparts rotation to the spindle e, but in the opposite direction. The
intermediate wheel t revolves freely on a pin t¹ carried by the driving shaft or
other part from which motion is to be transmitted by the clutch.
All the modifications above described may be applied to couple either two shafts
or other pieces of mechanism. It is obvious, moreover, that, in either of the above
described modifications, bevel gear-wheels can be substituted for the worm and
-
Having now particularly described-and-ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is-to-be-performed, I declare-that-what-
I claim is
First: In a friction clutch or coupling, the employment of one or more spindles
parallel to, inclined to, or at right angles to, but in the same plane with, the
driving-shaft and arranged-to-be-rotated in either direction by the motion of the
said-shaft or its equivalent by means of the friction rollers-and-brake-cones.or
the toothed gearing and brake-wheels, and to act. by means of a-sliding nut (with
or without-the-intermediate screwed spindle and worm-wheel) upou one or more
metal straps, all substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Second The construction of my improved apparatus in such a manner that-the-
metal strap, when moved into contact with the cylindrical or annular part to which
motion is to be transmitted, will tend to expand and grip the inner surface or to.
wind or coil itself around the outer surface thereof, or both, substantially as set
forth.
Third: The modification of my invention wherein I substitute one or more
friction cones for the strap or straps, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 11 and 12.
E 100