IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING POWER IN LOCOMOTION, BY WHICH A GIVEN FORCE MAY IN ITS EFFECT OP OVERCOMING RESISTANCE BE INCREASED AND MULTIPLIED
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Stanislas Hoga at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1858.
I, STANISLAS HOGA, of Nassau Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPLYING POWER IN LOCOMOTION, BY WHICH A GIVEN FORCE MAY IN ITS EFFECT
OP OVERCOMING RESISTANCE BE INCREASED AND MULTIPLIED," to be as follows:-
It consists in a combination of separately well-known means by which a
given accumulated force produces another increased power, and this again
generates, proportionally to its own degree, a still greater increase, so that from
this combination such immense multiplication of forces may be obtained for
locomotion as have never been known before. I combine the velocity of
moving body with the action of compressed liquids. It makes no difference
by what kind of motive power the velocity of the motion has been generated,
nor does it matter whether the velocity exceeds the weight of the body, or, on
the contrary, if the weight of the body is greater than its velocity, the only
condition being that the body should, by its velocity and quantity of weight,
have a momentum capable of raising a certain weight to a certain height in a
given time. Supposing my original force to be derived from a steam engine
acted upon in the area of its piston by a pressure of five hundred atmosphéres,

page_text: and so constructed as to lift up a weight of five thousand pounds to the height
of sixteen feet in five seconds of time (and then to let it fall freely the same
distance), instead of applying the momentum of this falling body directly to
overcome by its impact the resistance to a proposed motion of other bodies,
I apply first the force of the falling body, to generate by it a repeatedly
multiplied pressure of liquids, and then I effect with the velocity and projectile
force of this liquid medium the ultimately proposed motion. The liquids
which I propose to use for that purpose are water or mercury. My apparatus
for producing liquid pressure needs in its construction due regard to proportion
all its parts to the degree of the original force, and differs but little in using
either water or mercury. The following is an example of an bydraulic
apparatus adapted to the above original force of a steam engine:-Upon a
strong frame, about twenty feet in length and one foot wide, rests a vertical
cylinder, eleven inches in length and one cubic inch in bore, provided with a
piston fitted to it, which may enter its whole length into the cylinder to be
drawn out ten inches. On the top of this piston there is joined a strong
circular plate of one foot diameter. The piston, when not acted upon by some
superior force, is, by means of a spring of sufficient strength to counteract the
atmospheric pressure of one inch, always drawn out from the cylinder, leaving
beneath its bottom a vacuum of ten inches. The cylinder communicates at its
bottom with another cylinder placed horizontally, which is five inches in length
by an area of four hundred cubic inches, and is provided with a piston of the
same area and four inches in length, so that when it fully enters into the
cylinder there remains in it a circular cavity of four hundred cubic inches area
and one inch deep, bounded on one side by the closed side of the cylinder, and
on the other by the side of the piston. The piston is prevented entering more
than four inches by some bars of one inch in length and diameter, protruding
from the closed side of the cylinder. At the outside of this piston there is
from its centre protruding a solid cylinder of three inches in length and six
inches in diameter. The outside of the piston is exposed to the air in a
manner that when the small piston is drawn out of its cylinder by the spring
the large piston will be forced to enter four inches in its cylinder by the
pressure of the air acting on its side. Next, to this first part of the apparatus
there is a similar arrangement, differing from it in some respect, namely, the
small cylinder and piston are placed horizontally; they are both twenty inches
long by four cubic inches area. The cylinder communicates with another
cylinder and piston, which are in all particulars exactly similar to that of the
large cylinder and piston of the first part. As for the situation of the parts of
the apparatus, there is a space of twenty inches between them, so that when

page_text: the small piston of the second part is drawn out its whole length from its
cylinder, it becomes by its circular plate in close contact with the solid cylinder
protruding from the centre of the first large piston; and, again, as much as the
first large piston is pushed out of its cylinder, as much will the second small
piston be forced to enter into its own cylinder. There is another cylinder and
piston connected with the second part of the apparatus, the cylinder screwed
in centre of a flat shell, the open end of which is also screwed over the
outside of the second large cylinder. This last cylinder is ten inches in
diameter and sixteen feet in length, and has a stuffing box at its distant end,
and is provided with a piston of the same length and six inches in diameter,
which has an elastic ring at its end which is in contact with the outside of the
second large piston. The empty space remaining in the cylinder is exhausted
of air, so that the piston runs in vacuum, being thus at one end in contact with
the outside of the second large piston, and is at its other end connected by an
ordinary piston of a steam engine with the appendages of machinery, as fly
wheel, &c. The manner of working with the apparatus is most simple. The
four cylinders are filled with water, which altogether will amount in quantity
to eight hundred and ninety cubic inches. At the falling of the weight after
each interval of five seconds, the five pistons of the apparatus will be projected
forwards by a pressure orriginating from five hundred atmospheres pressure of
steam, and backwards by atmospheric pressure. The time.in which the long
(last named) piston will move forwards will naturally depend on the quantity
of resistance to its motion; we can only estimate its force. It would be im-
proper to enter here into a dissertation demonstrating the theory on which the
idea of the whole of the Invention is founded; suffice it now simply to state,
that by mathematic calculation, as by decisive experiments, it may be affirmed
that from the action of the above example the following will result:-When
after falling sixteen feet the falling body strikes the first small piston, it will,
by its accumulated velocity, multiplied by its weight, force it down to the
bottom of the small cylinder so precipitately that the water of the two cylinders
will condense and diminish in bulk one part to forty parts, or from 410 to 400
cubic inches. This condensation will actually be effected in less than a
thirtieth part of a second, so that the whole amount of pressure arising from
this condensation will in an imperceptable instant be generated before the
inertia of both the water and the piston will be successively aroused to motion.
The result of this instantaneous action will be, that the large piston will be
projected with a force of two hundred thousand atmospheres. The first large
piston striking with this increased force, the next small piston will propor-
tionally with greater velocity compress the water in the second part of the

page_text: apparatus in a higher degree, that is, from forty-eight cubic inches to four
hundred cubic inches, the result of which will be, that the two last pistons will
be projected with a force of one million six hundred thousand atmospheres.
This, however, is not the whole of force which which will result from this process
when applied to any horizontal motion; this force will be more than doubled,
because as much force will be produced on the last piston by direct action, as
much will be produced by the reaction on the two closed sides of the two
cylinders, and therefore the whole available force produced in this example will
amount to three million four hundred thousand atmospheres. The only
alterations to be observed in the apparatus when instead of water mercury is
used are, that the first small cylinder should contain no more than two cubic
inches of mercury as for the second small cylinder, and they should both be
ten inches in length, and have an area of only one cubic inch; and it should
contain no more mercury than four cubic inches. The amount of power or
force which will be produced by using mercury instead of water may be
computed as twenty times greater, producing the prodigious force of sixty-eight
million atmospheres..