IMPROVE-> MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INSULATING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS. PATENT to William Andrews, of 287, Gresham House, Old.
Broad Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVE->
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INSULATING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES."
Sealed the 21st December 1863, and dated the 29th June 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William' Andrews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
June 1863.
I, WILLIAM ANDREWS, of 237, Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INSULATING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for insulating
electric telegraph wires. For these purposes, in addition to the ordinary
insulating apparatus or instruments used for supporting electric telegraph wires,
the arms and brackets at the parts where such insulating apparatus or instru-
ments are applied are kept free from moisture by a peculiar construction and
application of sheds or covers, which are open at the bottom. When pro-
jecting arms are used fixed to uprights, the outer ends of such arms, where the
ordinary insulators for supporting the wires are applied, have inverted box-
like sheds applied. These sheds are made of glazed earthenware or other
suitable material; they are closed at top, at the two sides, and at the outer ends,
and such sides and ends descend below the under surfaces of the arms. The

page_text: sides, ends, and tops of these sheds do not come in contact with the arms, but
narrow spaces are left between the inner surfaces of the sheds, and the outer
surfaces of those parts of the arms where such covering sheds are applied.
The inner ends of the sheds are either open or partially closed, and grooves or
recesses are made all round the arms where the inner ends of the covering
sheds come; hence any rain or moisture which may fall on the other parts of
the arms beyond where the covering sheds are applied will be prevented flowing
or passing to the outer ends of the arms over which the covering sheds are
applied. When brackets are used, and the outer ends thereof rise above the
level of the inner parts of the brackets, then the covering sheds come all
round the outermost ends of the brackets, but the sheds are open at bottom.
When the wires are supported by insulating instruments or apparatus above
the arms, then the bolts or pins, on which the supporting insulators or instru-
ments are received, pass through the upper parts of the inverted sheds into the
arms, and such bolts or pins are coated with insulating materials, or they are
otherwise well insulated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Andrews in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th December 1863..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I WILLIAM
ANDREWS, of 237, Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Andrews, Her special licence that I, the said William Andrews,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Andrews, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend,. within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel.
Islands, and Isle of Man,, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR INSULATING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH WIRES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Andrews, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,

page_text: should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Andrews, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, that is to say:-
.
.
:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for insulating
electric telegraph wires. For these purposes, in addition to the ordinary
insulating apparatus or instruments used for supporting electric telegraph
wires, the arms and brackets at the parts where such insulating apparatus or
instruments are applied are kept free from moisture by a peculiar construction
and application of sheds or covers, which are open at the bottom. When
projecting arms are used fixed to uprights, the outer ends of such arms, where
the ordinary insulators for supporting the wires are applied, have inverted box-
like sheds applied. These sheds are made of glazed earthenware or other
suitable material; they are closed at top, at the two sides, and at the outer
ends, and such sides and ends descend below the under surfaces of the arms.
The sides, ends, and tops of these sheds do not come in contact with the
arms, but narrow.spaces are left between the inner surfaces of the sheds and
the outer surfaces of those parts of the arms where such covering sheds are
applied. The inner ends of the sheds are either open or partially closed, and
grooves or recesses are made all round the arms where the inner ends of the
covering sheds come; hence, any rain or moisture which may fall on the other
parts of the arms beyond where the covering sheds are applied will be
prevented flowing or passing to the outer ends of the arms over which the
covering sheds are applied. When brackets are used, and the outer ends.
thereof rise above the level of the inner parts of the brackets, then the
covering sheds come all round the outermost ends of the brackets, but the
sheds are open at bottom. When the wires are supported by insulating
instruments or apparatus above the arms, then the bolts or pins, on which the
supporting insulators or instruments are received, pass through the upper parts
of the inverted sheds into the arms, and such bolts or pins are coated with
insulating materials, or they are otherwise well insulated.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view, Figure 2 an end view, and Figure 3 a longitudinal
section of an arm suitable for a telegraph, and carrying insulating apparatus
constructed according to my Invention; Figure 4 is a side view of the arm
with the other parts removed.
a, a, is the arm, which is grooved at a', a', and coated with pitch as far as
the shoulders a³. 6 is the inverted box-like. shed, this may be very con-
veniently made of vulcanite; it is kept out of contact with the arm by a
washer c, which may, if desired, be in one piece with the shed b. d is a bolt
passing through the arm a, the shed b, and washer c, and secures the parts
the one to the other, the bolt having a shoulder upon it at d, and receiving a
nut at its lower end; this bolt I prefer to coat with vulcanite. e is the
insulator, consisting of a double bell, the outer one is of porcelain and the
inner one of vulcanite; it is mounted on the top of the bolt d, and the
conducting wire is secured to it by binding wire passing around the insulator
in the groove e¹. The method of constructing the insulator e forms no part of
the present Invention; it may be of any ordinary construction.
I do not always make the arm a of wood; in some cases I employ a metal
bracket with a socket at its end, this receives the lower end of the bolt d,
which is firmly secured by cement; the socket is raised above the arm of the
bracket, and the covering shed 6 is made to come all round the socket in
place of having one end open as in the Drawing.
In some cases, in place of mounting the insulator above the arm a, the
bolt d is reversed, and the insulator attached at its lower end under the arm,
the form of the insulator being suitably modified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Andrews, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
ANDDRO