Improved Machinery for Producing Flat Holes in Wood Lags.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th July, 1891-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Producing Flat Holes in Wood Lags.
I, THOMAS WALTER HARDING of Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows: :-
In my Specification No. 2252 of May 12th 1882 I described a new kind of
wood lags with flat pins for use in machines for tearing up shoddy, mungo, cotton
waste &c. The use of the flat pin involves making holes of a flat section in the
wood. I then suggested to obtain these by drilling two holes at a suitable distance
and punching out the intervening space.
"
I find however that to do this with the hand drilling machines and punching
apparatus hitherto in use in the trade is a costly process and my present invention
consists in improved and automatic machinery by which the cost is greatly reduced.
I mount the lag to be drilled on a rotating arm, and two or more drills on a slide
in front of it. The drills are mounted on a pivoted carriage which is actuated by
a cam regulating the distance apart of the pairs of holes. By an automatic
arrangement of cams or ratchets, the drills after drilling each pair of holes are
moved on the distance required from one pair of holes to another longitudinally.
The drills are advanced by the action of canis and there are suitable adjustments for
all the movements. A pulley and clutch connects the machine with the motive
power.
The rows of double holes having been made by this machine in the lags, these
are then subjected to the action of an automatic punching machine provided
with a number of punches fixed in a punch plate, and by the action of cams and
ratchet wheels these punches are passed successively into each pair of holes so as
to cut out the space between them and so form flat holes.
The larger the number of punches in the punch plate the smaller the total
traverse required. A pulley and clutch box connected with the motive power
actuates the main shaft of the machine which carries an eccentric to press in and
withdraw the punch plate.
Dated this 20th day of October 1800
WALTER HARDING.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Producing Flat Holes in Wood Lags.
I, THOMAS WALTER HARDING of Tower Works, Globe Road, Leeds in the
County of York, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement: --
In Harding's Specification No. 2252 of May 12th 1882 I described a new kind
of wood lags with flat pins for use in machines for tearing up shoddy, mungo, cotton
waste etc. The use of the flat pin involves making holes of a flat section in the
wood and I then suggested to obtain these by drilling two holes at a suitable distance
and punching out the intervening space.
I find however that to do this with the hand drilling machines and punching
apparatus hitherto in use in the trade is a costly process, and my present invention
consists in improved and automatic machinery by which the cost is greatly reduced.
I mount the lag to be drilled on a rotating arm, and two or more drills on a slide
in front of it. The drills are mounted on a pivoted carriage which is actuated
1
17

page_text: by a cam regulating the distance apart of the pairs of holes-and by an automatic
arrangement of cams and ratchets the drills, after drilling each pair of holes,
are moved on the distance required from one pair of holes to another longitudinally.
The drills are advanced by the action of cams, and there are suitable adjustments
for all the movements. A pulley and clutch connects the machine with the motive
power.
The rows of double holes having been made by this machine in the lags, these are
then subjected to the action of an automatic punching machine provided with a
number of punches fixed in a punch plate, and by the action of cams & ratchet
wheels these punches are passed successively into each pair of holes so as to cut out
the space between them and so form flat holes.
The larger the number of the punches in the punch plate the smaller the total
traverse required. A pulley and clutch box, connected with the motive power,
actuates the main shaft of the machine, which carries an eccentric to press in and
withdraw the punch plate.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 is a plan view and Fig. 3 an end elevation of the
machine for drilling the double holes, and the same letters indicate the same parts
throughout.
AA are the frame sides of the machine. B B are brackets supporting the
shaft C upon blocks D D of which the height is suited to the angle at which it is
desired to drill the holes. The drawings shew the shaft C in position for radial
drilling. This shaft carries the swing arm E upon which is fixed in any usual way
the wood lag F which is to be drilled. G G G are counterweights to balance the
swing arm the circumferential motion of which is controlled by the toothed
segment H into which gears the worm I which is rotated with or without inter-
mediate gearing by the hand wheel J-when a row of holes has been drilled
by the machine & it is desired to bring another part of the lag under the drilling
action.
K is a gantry planed to receive the traversing carriages L L. These carriages
are traversed along the gantry by the action of the worm M into which gear the
segments N N fixed to the carriages. The worm or screw M receives its motion
through the intermediate wheels shewn from the ratchet O Fig. 1-which is itself
actuated by means of the cam dise P through the compound lever O¹ pivoted at 02.
This cam disc is connected by the wheels QQ with the driving shaft R on which is
mounted a pulley S connected with the motive power.
On the carriages L L are mounted the drilling heads T.T which pivot on the set
screws U U.
The cam disc P. previously referred to actuates through the levers V V₁ the
ratchet wheel W fixed to the shaft X.
Mitre wheels Y (best seen in Figs. 2 and 3) are fitted with sockets rotating in
bearings upon the carriages L L.
The shaft X (which is carried by brackets as shewn at each end of the
gantry K) passes through these mitre wheels and their sockets, so that they
move freely longitudinally upon it, but by means of a long key way in the
shaft and a key in the socket, the rotation of the shaft X causes the rotation
of the mitre wheels Y Y, and yet permits them to slide longitudinally on the
shaft as the carriages L L are traversed on the gantry K.
The mitre wheels Y Y gear into similar wheels Z Z mounted on the carriages L L.
On the opposite ends of the small shafts which carry the wheels Z Z are fixed four
sided cams a a (see Fig. 1) and the rotation of the wheels Z Z causes the projecting
corners of these cams successively to raise the drilling heads T T and to impart to
them a rocking motion, a spring bringing them down again upon the flat side of
the cams.
The drilling heads carry spindles b b which are mounted and driven as usual and
which receive a reciprocating movement in the direction of their axes, by the cam d
acting through the lever e, the rocking shaft f and the levers 9 9 which
reciprocate the shaft h, upon which ride loosely the forks jj. These are connected
carry &

page_text: by an adjusting screw as shewn, to the usual sliding carriage at the back of the
drill spindles bb.
It will be seen that the wheels which connect the driving shaft R with the cam
disc P are two to one, so that the cam disc will turn once for the driving shaft
twice.
The drill spindles are pushed forward at each turn of the driving shaft R,
and each produce a hole in the lag. As soon as the drills are withdrawn the
cam disc P acting through the levers V V₁ on the 8 tooth ratchet wheel W-
and the mitre wheels-moves the four sided cam a a one eighth of a turn.
In this way after each movement of the drills for drilling a hole, the cams a a,
carrying the pivoted drilling heads T T alternately on their corners & on their
flats, impart to these drilling heads and therefore to the drills, after each hole is
drilled, -a vertical movement equal to the difference in height between the corners
& the flats of the cams; and the cams are made of such dimensions that, after each
hole has been drilled, the drills are successively raised and lowered the distance
required for the pair of holes which go to form the flat hole-of which the inter-
vening space is afterwards to be punched out. It will therefore be seen that every
two turns of the driving shaft R produce in the lag a pair of holes placed vertically
over each other, and that after these two holes are drilled, the cam disc P (turning
once for the driving shaft R twice) acting through the lever O', the ratchet
wheel O (Fig. 1), the screw M and the segments N N-traverse the carriages LL
carrying the drilling heads T T along the gantry the distance required between each
pair of holes, such distance being regulated by the intermediate wheels as shewn.
Each drill acts on its half of the lag, so that when the machine has automatically
traversed half the length of the lag, the whole row of holes has been drilled.
The machine is then stopped by the operator-preferably by a clutch box
not shewn in the drawings but shown at H in the punching machine at Figs. 4, 5
and 6.
The operator then lowers that arm of the lever O' which engages into the teeth
of the ratchet O (Fig. 1) and the ratchet O being then free to turn, the screw shaft M
is turned back by a handle applied preferably to the projecting portion of such
shaft.
The operator then by means of the handle J, the worm I and toothed
segment H, moves the lag circumferentially the required distance between the
rows, and the machine is then again set in automatic motion to drill another
row of double holes, & so on until all the rows have been produced. The lags
are then taken to the punching machine which forms the second part of my
invention, and which is intended to remove the space between each double hole so
as to form a flat hole. This machine is shewn in plan at Fig. 4, in side elevation at
Fig. 5 and in end elevation at Fig. 6. The frame of the machine and the arrange-
ment for the radial arm which carries the lag are exactly the same as in the drilling
machine already described and shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. These parts therefore
are omitted in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.
K is a gantry placed in the same position as the gantry K shewn in Figs. 1, 2
and 3, but in this machine the gantry carries the sliding carriage B. This carriage
is fitted with a cross slide C and carriage D which is connected through the arm E
with the eccentric shaft F. This shaft is driven from the motive power through
the pulley G and clutch box H.
At every revolution of the shaft F the punching carriage D is moved backwards
and forwards carrying the punching plate I (Fig. 5) and punches J J (Fig. 5)
which are thus made to enter into the lag L (Fig. 5) and the punches are so fixed
in the plate that they coincide in pitch with the drilling and that the punches carry
away the space left between each pair of double holes,-by this means producing
the flat holes desired. The greater the number of the punches the smaller is the
5 total traverse required. Thus-if there are 20 double holes in the row and
5 punches in the plate, the whole row will be punched out when the slide has
traversed four holes.

page_text: After each motion of the punch plate the eccentric stud M through the rod N
acting on the ratchet O, causes the screw P to revolve, the amount of the
revolution being regulated by the train of change wheels Q Q in such a way that
acting through the segment R (Fig. 5) upon the carriage B-this carriage together
with the punch plate is made to traverse the distance between each pair of double
holes. When a row has been automatically completed, the operator throws
the clutch out of gear by the traversing bar S and handle T (Fig. 5). The rod N
is then released from the ratchet O and the screw P is wound back bringing with
it the punching plate.
When the radial arm has been moved (as previously described in the drilling
machine) so as to bring another row of double holes under the action of the
punches, another row is completed and so on until all the rows have been
punched out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and, in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
(1) The construction, arrangement and combination of parts of the drilling
machine for producing automatically the rows of double holes in lags substantially
as described and shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
(2) The construction, arrangement and combination of parts of the punching
machine for punching out the spaces between the double holes in lags substantially
as described and shewn in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.
(3) In a machine for drilling double holes for flat pins, successively raising &
lowering the drilling spindles so as to drill double holes vertically before the drills
are traversed longitudinally.
(4) In a machine for punching out the spaces between the double holes in
lags the use of a punch plate carrying two or more punches, and the combination
of this plate with the automatic traversing arrangement described & shewn in
Figs. 4, 5 & 6.
Dated this Seventeenth day of Jul. 1801´
WALTER HARDING.