An Improved Process of Refrigeration, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1895

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of Refrigeration, and Apparatus therefor.
I, MARTIN WANNER, of Yorktown, State of Indiana, United States of
America, a Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to new and useful processes of refrigeration and to
improvements in refrigerating apparatus.
My present invention is in part improvements on the inventions patented by me
in United States Letters Patent No. 500,088, dated June 20, 1893, and No. 500,107,
dated June 20, 1893.
The invention is applicable to what is known as a local refrigerating system, i.c.,
one located and operating entirely within a single apartment or building, and also
to a distributive system, so-called, i.e., one in which the generating apparatus is
located in one place or building, and the cold producing agents are conveyed
thence to one or more distant places, where the refrigeration is desired.
My invention is especially advantageous in the latter system.
I prefer to employ carbon bi-sulphide (CS,) as the liquid refrigerating medium,
on account of its very low freezing point, and its property of condensing at
atmospheric pressure and at ordinary temperatures; and in these Specifications,
I will name it as such liquid. I do not, however, limit myself to it. Any suitable
substitute may be employed.
In order that the new processes and improvements in the apparatus made by me
may be more easily understood, I will, before describing them, state, in part at
least, what I believe to be the scientific principles on which they are based.
I have discovered certain facts in connection with refrigeration, which I think
have not before been known, and which have an important bearing on the success
of the system, especially when such a refrigerant as carbon bi-sulphide is used.
Among them are the following.
First Vaporization of a volatile liquid can progress only in exact proportion to
the heat units absorbed or taken up by it from surrounding objects, and if it
cannot obtain sufficient heat units from surrounding objects, it will abstract them
from its own mass, thus generating such cold in itself that solidification by freezing
results, which, of course, plugs up the pipe or other device in which the expansión
takes place, and immediately stops the circulation.
Second: When the freezing above stated results, localization of the refrigeration
necessarily follows, because, as is obvious, a solid cannot change place or flow,
hence the cold, although intense at that point, is necessarily limited to it.
Third: The formation of the local frozen mass above referred to, I
prevent
by subjecting the liquid bi-sulphide as well as its vapors, to the agitating action
of a blast or current of air, whereby it is prevented from freezing into a solid
mass, and the liquids or vapors, if frozen at all, freeze in the form of frost crystals
cr fine snow-like particles.
:
Fourth I have further found that these fine frozen particles may be easily
carried through a system of pipes or other confined conduits by means of an air
blast or current, and further, that as they during their transit, come in contact
with the relatively warm walls of the pipes or conduits, which confine them, that
they absorb or take up heat units from them, and are thus liquefied and vaporized,
these two results being practically simultaneous. Consequently if means be

page_text: employed to secure the above results, i.e., the prevention of freezing or
solidification in a mass and the carrying of the fine frozen particles, then the
extent or scope of the refrigerating operation is not confined to one place, where
an intense and usually undesirable degree of cold is produced, but is extended over
a large area, in which the temperature is practically uniform and of a degree or
intensity better adapted for practical work; thus the available refrigerating results
are greatly enhanced.
My improvements therefore, consist, among other things, in means whereby the
carbon bi-sulphide may be agitated by an air current to prevent solidification in a
mass. Also to means whereby the same air current will convey the vapors or
frozen particles through a refrigerating coil or pipe system.
Also to means for regulating the relative amounts of air and liquid. Also to
improvements in the refrigerating coil itself. Also to improvements in the
condensing devices. Also to means for removing all moisture from the air. Also
to the employment of a mixture of a foreign body, such as glycerine and water,
which operates as an aid to the separation of the air and bi-sulphide of carbon,
also as a lubricant to the moving parts of the apparatus; also as an aid to the
condensation by reducing the temperature of the condensing apparatus and finally,
as a means to fill the clearance spaces in the cylinders.
The medium used in the system, to convey the frozen particles of carbon
bi-sulphide through the expansion coils may be, and usually is, atmospheric air;
but, in order to obliterate every element of danger that might arise in case of
neglect of the operator to properly lubricate the moving parts of the apparatus,
whereby excessive temperature might result in the moving parts, I either azotise
the same by passing it over or through any deoxidizing agent, such as pyrogallic
acid, phosphorus, heated copper scraps, etc., or use, instead of atmospheric air, any
other gas or vapor incapable of forming inflammable mixtures with the vapors of
carbon bi-sulphide as, for instance, carbonic acid gas. The above precaution is,
however, unnecessary when reasonable care is taken in running the apparatus, and
when herein, and in the claims hereof, I refer to the "air" I mean atmospheric air,
azotised air, or any other gas or vapour used in its place.
Referring now to the drawings.
Figure 1 illustrates a plan of an apparatus embodying my invention and adapted
to work my process.
Figure 2 illustrates an elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 illustrates a perspective of an ordinary house refrigerator with
refrigerating coil and adjacent parts; the front doors of the refrigerator have been
removed to show the position of the coil.
Figure 4 illustrates a sectional view of the injecting and mixing valve.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2; A illustrates a building of any sort, in which
the apparatus may be enclosed. B is a small reservoir, containing the carbon
bi-sulphide from which the system is filled, in the first instance, and from which
loss may be supplied. The carbon bi-sulphide is conveniently passed into the
reservoir B, by means of a funnel C, which is provided with a cut-off valve D,
which being closed after the filling operation, will prevent waste of the material.
E is a pipe connecting the reservoir 13 with the separating tank F. It is provided
with a valve G. The tank F is provided with a sight gauge H, let into its side,
whereby the respective levels of the carbon bi-sulphide, water and glycerine may
be determined. From the tank F the carbon bi-sulphide flows under pressure,
through a pipe I, which connects with an injector J (see Figs. 3 and 4). The
injector comprises the following parts (see Fig. 4)-K is a shell of metal,
preferably tapering on its interior. L is a flange cast on the shell provided with
holes M, through which screws or bolt N may pass to fasten the parts to the side O
of the refrigerator, or to any other suitable part of the structure, in which the
refrigeration is to take place. P is a threaded boss forming part of the shell.
Qis another casting threaded as at R to correspond with the threads on the boss P.
S and T are two hollow hubs or bosses into which the air and bi-sulphide supply

page_text: pipes enter; I being the bi-sulphide pipe (see Fig. 2) and V the air pipe (see also
Fig. 2). W is the tube of the injector. X is the needle of its valve, which is
threaded as at Y, whereby the needle may be advanced or withdrawn by turning
the hand wheel Z, or in any other preferred manner. A is the packing for the
needle and B is the gland or stuffing box therefor. C is the packing for the
coupler D', by which the parts above described are connected with the coil E',
which is represented as located in the upper part of an ordinary house
refrigerator F'.
I so illustrate it, because a very important use to which my invention is put is
that of supplying, by the distributive systein, refrigeration to houses for domestic
purposes, but I wish it to be understood that the drawing is illustrative of one
example only of many ways in which my apparatus and process can be used.
It will
It is equally adapted to commercial refrigeration, ice-making, &c., &c.
be particularly noted that the injecting and mixing devices are connected with
the riser G of the refrigerating coil E, and that the arrangement of the coil is
such that its convolutions rise from lower to upper, and that the return pipe H¹
connects with the uppermost convolution. If my method is employed in a house
refrigerator, as shown, I prefer to provide air circulation ducts as at I, I, Fig. 3;
their operation is well understood and needs no further explanation. In order
that the flow of air and bi-sulphide may be controlled both during the running of
the apparatus and during repairs, &c., I provide the bi-sulphide and the air pipes
with stop-cocks, viz.; J K on the bi-sulphide pipe and L, M, on the air pipe.
The return pipe H', after leaving the upper end of the refrigerating coil, proceeds
as shown in Figures 1 and 2 back to the condensing devices, which are as follows:
N' is a vacuum pump and O' is a compression pump; they are or may be, actuated
in any preferred manner; I show an ordinary steam cylinder Q', which operates a
piston rod R', which passes through both the vacuum and compression pump, and
in each is provided with a suitable piston. S¹ and T₁ are the pipes discharging
from the vacuum cylinder into the compression cylinder. They are provided with
U is a valve
suitable valves and may be arranged in any well known manner.
chamber on the compression cylinder, from which issues the discharge pipe V₁,
which connects with a condensing coil W which at its lower end, as at Y₁ connects
with the separating tank F; Z is a water supply pipe, which discharges water
obtained from any suitable source, from a perforated horizontal part, as shown,
upon the underlying condensing coil. A is a trough which I sometimes place
under the condensing coil, to catch the water discharged from the sprinkling pipe Z.
I do this when it is desired to retain or preserve the water for re-use. A. pipe B
connects with the trough A2 and conveys the water to any suitable reservoir or
cistern, preferably underground, as at C³ where it will be preserved and rendered
cool for re-use.
D is an air pipe connecting the top of the separating tank F
with the connection between the funnel C and the filling tank B. This pipe is
provided with a valve E. F' is a pipe connecting the separating tank with about
the central portion of both the vacuum and the compression cylinder. It, of course,
is provided with suitable regulating cocks or valves, not shown. G2 is a valve in
the return pipe H', Figure 3, to cut off the flow of air and vapor when desired.
The devices for azotising or deoxidizing the air are shown on Figure 1, and
are as follows. H2, H2, H2 are a series (one or more, three are shown), containing
the deoxidizing agent. They are arranged on a pipe 1, which is connected by
three way cocks J, K with the return suction pipe H. A pet cock (not shown)
for the admission of air into the suction pipe H' is located at any convenient
place in that pipe.
The devices for removing the moisture from the air are as follows (see Figure 2)-
a is a vessel which contains a small expansion coil, which may be the same in all
respects as the main refrigerating coil, and is preferably furnished with the same
appliances and consequently will not be exhaustively illustrated or described; but,
in order that the device may be completely understood, I will enumerate such
parts as will clearly define the arrangement, to wit-b is the bi-sulphide supply pipe

page_text: which receives the bi-sulphide from the pipe I. c is the air supply pipe which
receives its supply from the pipe V; d is the return or suction pipe for the
vapors and air, and it connects with the pipe. H₁, e indicates an injector and
mixer, the same in all respects as the like device used on the main expansion coil.
The vacuum and compression pumps may, as is well-known, be combined in the
same structure. I prefer, however, to have them separate, each to perform its own
proper duty, the mechanical results are better.
The operation is as follows. All the valves are in the first instance closed.
The valve D is then opened and a solution of about ten per cent. of glycerine or
its equivalent dissolved in water, is introduced through the funnel C. The
solution flows into the tank B and from it, through the pipe E and valve G, into
the separating tank F. The supply is continued until there is a sufficient quantity
in the tank F, say from two to four feet, more or less. Then the requisite amount
of liquid carbon bi-sulphide is introduced into the tank F in the same manner.
The requisite amount is enough to fill the main supply pipe or pipes of the system,
and in addition, the tank F should contain so much that the level of the water and
glycerine, which floats on top of the bi-sulphide, shall be within a foot or so of the
top of the tank. The apparatus is now charged and all things are in readiness to
start the operation. The air valve M' is first opened to equalize the pressure in
the tank and in the main air line. Also the valve.J' is opened that the pressure
in the supply pipe I and the tank F may be equalized. The vacuum pump and
compressor are now started and the air is, by the suction of the vacuum pump,
exhausted from the return pipe H¹; this produces a vacuum in the return pipe H¹,
and at the same time increases the pressure in the tank F; (because the com-
pression pump delivers into that tank through the condensing coil W') sufficient to
propel the liquid bi-sulphide of carbon through the main system and furnish the
current required to agitate the liquid, and carry the frozen particles of carbon
bi-sulphide through the expansion coils E' in the refrigerator F. if, however,
more pressure is needed than that which can be obtained by the trausference of
the air from the return pipe H' to the separating tank F, air from the atmosphere
may be allowed to enter the vacuum cylinder N₁ through a proper opening,
preferably in the return pipe H', provided with stop cock L³, until the pressure is
sufficient for the work required. find that the pressure necessary corresponds to
the length of service or supply pipes, and in an isolated plant, where the length of
the air and the liquid carbon bi-sulphide conduits does not exceed 2,000 feet, the
internal pressure need not be more than 15 pounds per square inch. In distributive
systems, where the pipes I and V sometimes aggregate miles in length, the internal
pressure required may have to be as high as forty or fifty pounds per square inch.
In all cases, however, the pressure necessary is directly proportionate to the
friction in the pipes I and V. It is to be specially noted that the relative flow of
air and the refrigerating liquid should be so regulated by the appropriate valves,
that the most rapid vaporization shall result, and to secure this end, a vacuum
(preferably of not less than about ten inches of mercury) should always be.
maintained in the suction or return pipe. To return to the method of operation.
It will be seen that there is now a partial vacuum in the expansion coil and in the
return or suction pipe, and that there is pressure in the separating tank F and also
in the air and bi-sulphide supply pipes 1 and V, and that the point of separation
between the vacuum and the pressure side of the apparatus is at the valve of the
injector W, and at the valve L' in the air pipe. All the preceding is preparatory
to the continued operation of the apparatus, i.e., the obtaining of the proper
distribution of the air and carbon bi-sulphide; also the securing of the proper
vacuums, pressures, &c.
The circulation is now instituted by opening the valve L1 and also the needle
valve W; the carbon bi-sulphide enters at it and immediately begins to vaporize,
as soon as it comes in contact with the air current, and the vaporization is
accelerated by reason of the partial vacuum in the expansion coil or device and
return pipe and the more perfect the vacuum, the more rapid will be the
;

page_text: evaporation and consequent generation of cold. It will be noticed that the
injection device connects by the riser G¹ with the lowest portion of the coil; con-
sequently such liquid bi-sulphide as may escape immediate vaporization, is retained
in the lower convolutions of the coil in liquid form, and that the air current is forced
through it, which violently agitates it and prevents it from congealing in a mass;
on the contrary it is, by reason of the air blast, broken up, so to speak, so that, if
the temperature be low enough to freeze it, it will freeze in the form of minute
crystals, resembling frost or fine snow, and these frozen particles are so fine and
light that they are carried along through the convolutions of the coil or equivalent
device, by the air current or blast, until they pass beyond the point of intense
cold and come in contact with the walls of the coil, which are relatively warmer, and
from them take up the needful heat units to effect their liquefaction and vapori-
zation, which operations as above stated are practically simultaneous. Thus the
refrigerating action is continued practically uniform throughout substantially the
entire coil. The vapors mixed with the air are, as before stated, drawn by
the vacuum pump through the azotisers H³, if they be employed, if not, through the
pipe H', and thence they pass by the action of the parts, as described, through the
compression pump and are by it forced through the condensing coil into the tank F,
and are under pressure therein. In the tank, the air passes upwardly in the form
of bubbles through the solution of water and glycerine, and in so doing, if any
portion of the vapors had escaped condensation and separation, such will be finally
effected by the washing action of the solution. Thus the reliquefied and
separated bi-sulphide will, by reason of its greater specific gravity, be returned
to its original position in the bottom of the tank, ready for re-use and likewise the
air at the top of the tank. The pipe F2 performs an important function. By it,
a small amount of the combined water and glycerine (or equivalent) is conveyed to
both the vacuum and the compression cylinders. Thus they are lubricated and
cooled. Of course the pipe F2 must connect with the tank F within the level of
the strata of the said water and glycerine solution, and for convenience of
ascertaining the levels of all the contents of the tank, i.e., bi-sulphide, water and
glycerine and air, I provide the sight test tube H, which is let into the wall of the
tank F. The water and glycerine, after introduction into the cylinders passes with
the vapors of air and bi-sulphide, into the condensing coil, and thence to the tank F;
and in the cylinders, it performs the important function of filling the clearance
spaces, thus, as is well-known, improving the action of these cylinders. In order
that all moisture, which the air. may have taken up in its passage through the
solution, may be removed from it, so that it will not freeze in the expansion coil,
I interpose in the air supply pipe, the small vessel a, and within it, I place a small
coil, which may be the same in all respects as the main expansion coil (see
Figure 2). The air on its way from the tank F passes in at the bottom of the
smail vessel a and out of the top, as shown, and within the vessel, it comes in
contact with the small coil, and by it, all moisture is frozen out of the air; thence
it passes in a perfectly dry condition, to do its work in the main expansion coil.
It will be obvious to those who are familiar with such matters, that many
alterations may be made in the details of construction and arrangement of the
parts and still the essentials of my invention be employed; for instance the
pumps, the condenser, the special arrangement of the tanks, &c., the filling
devices, the arrangement or location of the valves or cocks, may all be varied,
as convenience or preference may dictate-therefore I do not limit myself to the
details.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The described method of compelling circulation of the refrigerating agent
consisting in creating a vacuum in front of said agent and subjecting it to the

page_text: 2. The described method of compelling circulation of the refrigerating agent
through an expansion coil consisting in admitting the same to the coil in con-
junction with an air blast or current from behind, for the purposes set forth.
3. The described method of feeding a refrigerating agent to an expansion coil
consisting in maintaining a vacuum in the coil and feeding the said agent under
pressure to the coil in the same receptacle or conveyor and in conjunction with
a blast of air, for the purposes set forth.
4. In a refrigerating process, involving the vaporization of carbon bi-sulphide in
the presence of air and the separation of the two, the method of aiding the separation
and the condensation of the carbon-bisulphide consisting in passing the mingled
gases through a bath of a solution of water and material such as glycerine, for the
purposes set forth.
5. The combination of a separating tauk, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe
connecting with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating
agent at or near the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum and
compression device and a condensing coil, for the purposes set forth.
6. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe
connecting with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating agent at
or near the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum and compression.
device, azotising devices connected with the suction or return pipe, and a condensing
coil, for the purposes set forth.
7. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe
connecting with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating
agent at or near the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum and
compression device, a condensing coil, and a pipe connecting the separating chamber
with the vacuum and compression device, for the purposes set forth.
8. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating agent
connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe connecting
with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating agent at or near
the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum and compression device,
a condensing coil, a pipe connecting the separating chamber with the vacuum and
compression device, and an azotising device connected with the suction or return
pipe, for the purposes set forth.
9. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe
connecting with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating
agent at or near the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum and
compression device, a condensing coil, and a supplemental low temperature device
placed in the air supply pipe, for the purposes set forth.
10. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe
connecting with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating
agent at or near the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum and
compression device, azotising devices connected with the suction or return pipe, a
condensing coil, and a supplemental low temperature device placed in the air supply
pipe, for the purposes set forth.
11. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe
connecting with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating
agent at or near the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum.and
compression device, a condensing coil, a pipe connecting the separating chamber
with the vacuum and compression device, and a supplemental low temperature
device placed in the air supply pipe, for the purposes set forth.
12. The combination of a separating tank a supply pipe for the refrigerating

page_text: '
agent connecting with the lower part of said separating tank, an air supply pipe
onnecting with the upper part thereof, means to mix the air and refrigerating
agent at or near the expansion device, said expansion device itself, a vacuum and
compression device, a condensing coil, a pipe connecting the separating chamber
with the vacuum and compression device, an azotising device connected with the
suction or return pipe, and a supplemental low temperature device placed in the air
supply pipe, for the purposes set forth.
13. In a refrigerating system, a separating tank, a supply pipe for the
refrigerating agent connecting with it at one end, and an air supply pipe at the
other end, means to generate pressure on the entire contents of the separating tank,
and an injecting device to mix the refrigerating agent and the air at the expansion.
device, for the purposes set forth.
14. In a refrigerating system, a separating tank, a supply pipe for the
refrigerating agent, connecting with it at one end, and air supply pipe at the other
end, means to generate pressure on the entire contents of the separating tank,
means to mix the refrigerating agent and the air at the expansion device, and
a low temperature device placed in the air supply pipe, for the purposes set
forth.
15. The combination of a filling and reserve supply tank connecting with a
separating tank, and air and refrigerating agent supply pipes also connecting with
said separating tank, a suction or return pipe, a vacuum and compression device
and a condensing coil connected with said last named device and with the separating
tank, for the purposes set forth.
16. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent, another pipe for the air supply, both connecting with said tank, means to
mix the refrigerating agent and the air at or near the expansion device, said
expansion device, itself, a suction or return pipe and means to create a partial
vacuum in said last named pipe and to force the air and vapors into said separator
tank, for the purposes set forth.
17. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent, another pipe for the air supply, both connecting with said tank, means to
mix the refrigerating agent and the air at or near the expansion device, said
expansion device itself, a suction or return pipe, means to create a partial vacuum
in said last named pipe and to force the air or vapors into said separator tank, and
means to azotise the air connected with the suction or return pipe, for the purposes.
set forth.
18. The combination of a separating tank, a supply pipe for the refrigerating
agent, another pipe for the air supply, both connecting with said tank, means to
mix the refrigerating agent and the air at or near the expansion device, said
expansion device itself, a suction or return pipe, means to create a partial vacuum
in said last named pipe and to force the air or vapors into said separator tank,
azotising devices connected with the suction or return pipe, and a supplemental
low temperature device placed in the air supply pipe, for the purposes set forth.
19. In a refrigerating system, a supply pipe for the refrigerating agent under
pressure, a supply pipe for the air under pressure, a return pipe for the air and
vapors of the refrigerant under partial vacuum, means to maintain the said relation,
a separating tank with which said supply pipes connect, a suction and compression
device with which said return pipe connects, and a condenser through which
the air and vapors are forced into said separating tank, for the purposes set
forth.
20. In a refrigerating system, a supply pipe for the refrigerating agent under
pressure, supply pipe for the air under pressure, a return pipe for the air and
vapors of the refrigerant under partial vacuum, means to maintain the said relation,.
a separating tank with which said supply pipes connect, a suction and compression
device with which said return pipe connects, a condenser through which the
air and vapors are forced into said separating tank, and means to freeze moisture.

page_text: out of the air located in or connected with the air supply pipe, for the purposes set.
fortb.
21. In a refrigerating system, a supply pipe for the refrigerating agent under
pressure, a supply pipe for the air under pressure, a return pipe for the air
and vapors of the refrigerant under partial vacuum, means to maintain the said
relation, a separating tank with which said supply pipes connect, a suction and
compression device with which said return pipe connects, a condenser through
which the air and vapors are forced into said separating tank, and means to
azotise the air connected with the suction or return pipe, for the purposes set
forth.
22. In a refrigerating system, a supply pipe for the refrigerating agent under
pressure, a supply pipe for the air under pressure, a return pipe for the air
and vapors of the refrigerant under partial vacuum, means to inaintain the said
relation, a separating tank with which said supply pipes connect, a suction and
compression device with which said return pipe connects, a condenser through
which the air and vapors are forced into said separating tank, means to azotise the
air connected with the suction or return pipe, and means to freeze moisture out of
the air located in or connected with the air supply pipe, for the purposes set
.forth.
23. An expansion device for a refrigerating apparatus comprising an inlet for
the mixed refrigerant and air, a portion or chamber of the expansion device
located adjacent to and lower than the inlet in which any unvaporized part of
the refrigerant will collect, and means to force a current of air or gas through said
liquid refrigerant from substantially its lower part upwardly, for the purposes set
forth.
24. An expansion device for a refrigerating apparatus comprising an inlet for
the mixed refrigerant and air, a portion or chamber of the expansion device located
adjacent to and lower than the inlet in which any unvaporized part of the
refrigerunt will collect, means to force a current of air or gas through said
liquid refrigerant, from substantially its lower part upwardly, and a supply pipe
for the refrigerant, and another pipe for the air, and means to generate pressure in
both of said pipes, for the purposes set forth.
25. An expansion device for a refrigerating apparatus comprising an inlet for
the mixed refrigerant and air, a portion or chamber of the expansion device
located adjacent to and lower than the inlet, in which any unvaporized part of the
refrigerant will collect, means to force a current of air or gas through said liquid
refrigerant from substantially its lower part upwardly, a supply pipe for
the refrigerant and another pipe for the air, means to generate pressure in both of
said pipes, and a suction or return pipe connecting the exhaust end of the
expansion device with a vacuum producing apparatus, which connects with the
device for generating the pressure, for the purposes set forth.
26. An expansion device for a refrigerating apparatus, comprising an inlet for
the mixed refrigerant and air, a portion or chamber of the expansion device located
adjacent to and lower than the inlet, in which any unvaporized part of the refrigerant
will collect, means to force a current of air or gas through said liquid refrigerant
from substantially its lower part upwardly, a supply pipe for the refrigerant and
another pipe for the air, means to generate pressure in both of said pipes, a suction
or return pipe connecting the exhaust end of the expansion device with a vacuum
producing apparatus which connects with the device for generating the pressure,
and a device for freezing the moisture out of the air placed in the air supply pipe,
for the purposes set forth.
27. In a refrigerating system, an inlet for the mixed refrigerant and air opening
into the expansion device, a portion or chamber of said expansion device being
located adjacent to and lower than said inlet in which any unvaporized part of the
refrigerant will collect, a supply pipe for the refrigerant, another supply pipe for
the air, both connected with a separating tank, a suction or return pipe connecting

page_text: with a device for generating a vacuum in it, and a compression device connected
with the vacuum device, and which forces the air and vapors through a condenser
and into said separating tank, for the purposes set forth.
28. In a refrigerating system, a supply pipe for the refrigerant, another supply
pipe for the air, both under pressure and supplied with means to regulate the
relative flow of each, and a suction or return pipe, under a partial vacuum, for the:
purposes set forth.
this
day of April 1895.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,.
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Associate Agent.