IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS FOR use IN MALTING ESTABLISHMENTS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middle-
sex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS FOR use
IN MALTING ESTABLISHMENTS AND THE LIKE A communication to me from abroad
by Leopold Koppel of Dresden German Empire to be as follows:-
"3
The present cooling and ventilating apparatus is based upon rendering the heat
of atmospheric air latent by the evaporation of water. The cooling apparatus is
constructed in such a manner that as large a surface as may be is given to the
water which comes into contact with the air and that the stream of wator meets
the air.
The cooling apparatus consists of a cast iron frame the length width and depth of
which depends upon the size of the space which is to be cooled. In this frame a
number of parallel corrugated sheets of zinc are arranged which are carried by
angle irons. The corrugated plates have an inclination of 12° whilst the space
between the separate plates is about 4 cubic inetres. At the upper end of the
zinc plates a leaden pipe is provided, which at the side nearest the apparatus is
perforated with fine holes from which the water issues.
All the pipes are fed by one principal tube and from a single reservoir. On the
other, lower, end of the plates there is a channel or gutter which conducts the
superfluous water into a waste reservoir.
The cooling apparatus are inserted into the sides of the space which is to be
cooled In front of each cooling apparatus a wooden box is however also arranged
which is fitted with numerous sieves and at the bottom whereof there is a trough
which receives the water flowing from the cooling apparatus and conducts the same
further. This box serves to free the air which enters the apparatus from dust as
far as possible whilst at the same time the water evaporating from the trough has
a cooling effect upon the air.
The air itself here takes up a portion of the evaporating water but only in
proportion to its absorbing capacity, that is to say if the air enters at a temperature

page_text: of 7 degrees Réaumur it does not contain more than 9.3 grammes of water por
cubic metre of its volume,
The purified and partly cooled air enters, passing between the corrugated plates
covered with water, into the space to be cooled by this means the air is not only
cooled by.contact with the zinc plates, but by the corrugations of the corrugated
plates against which the air strikes, an undulating motion is imparted to the same
and is by that brought into direct contact with the water covering the plate directly
underneath it. This is chiefly attained by the limited space between the plates.
The ventilation of the space to be cooled, that is to say that movement of the
air from outside to the interior and the removal of the air within to the outside
is effected by suction. One or several heating devices are placed on the side
opposite to the cooling apparatus which produce the requisite draught This heating
appliance is a simple fire chamber from which the gases of combustion are removed
by a central tube to the chimney The tube is surrounded by as many jackets or
walls as there are stories to be cooled in the building, in the present instance three.
Each of these jackets is connected with the space to be cooled by means of one or
moro channels. The hot air produced by the heating appliance rises and in so
doing draws in the cold air.
In this manner a very good ventilation is produced in the spaces. The cooling
apparatus are so proportioned that they cool the air passing through the same to
the requisite degree.
The heat obtained in a malting house and produced by the process of germination
-raises the temperature of the air which is introduced from 5 degrees to about 7 or
8 degrees Réaumur. But if the power of suction of the heating appliance is raised
to its utmost by opening the exhausting channels to their fullest extent, the
temperature of the locality can be maintained at 5 degrees Réaumur,
In establishing a malting house it is chiefly to be kept in view that not only the
malt floors may be suitably constructed, but that all the other requisite conditions
may also be strictly observed It is of the first importance to be enabled to maintain
as even a temperature as possible and to produce powerful ventilation so as to draw
off by means of the latter, the carbonic acid generated by reason of the process of
germination and to provide freash air. The moist hot air is not only injurious to
germination but moreover promotes the formation of mould. By the process of
germination a considerable quantity of aqueous vapour is produced and a develop-
ment of considerable heat is observable Rational ventilation and the admission of
fresh air are the only means capable of preventing the formation of fungi and to
promote germination.

page_text: I, EDWARD GRIFFITI BREWER of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS FOR
USE IN MALTING ESTABLISHMENTS AND THE LIKE" (a communication to me from
abroad by Leopold Koppel of Dresden German Empire) and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:―
The present cooling and ventilating apparatus is based upon rendering the heat
of atmospheric air latent by the evaporation of water. The cooling apparatus is
constructed in such a pun that as large a surface as possible is given to the
water which comes in ntact with the air and that the stream of water meets
the air.
4
Referring to the acce panying drawings Figuro 1 is a cross sectional elevation
of the cooling apparatus A. Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of same.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the malting house and Figure 4 is a plan of
same Figure 5 is a vertical transverse section at X.Y Figure 4.
The cooling apparatus A which is separately represented in Figures 1 and 2 of
the accompanying drawings, consists of a cast iron frame a the length width and
depth of which depends upon the size of the space which is to be cooled.
In the fraino a a number of parallel corrugated sheets of zinc b are arranged
which are carried by the angle irons c. The corrugated plates & have an inclination
of about 12º see Figure 3 whilst the space between the separate plates is about
4 centimetres. At the upper end of the zinc plates ba leaden pipe & sce Figures 1
and 3 is provided, which, at the side nearest the apparatus is perforated with fine
holes from which the water issues.
All the pipes & are fed by one principal tube and from a single reservoir, On
the other, lower, end of the plates b there is a channel or gutter f which conducts
the superfluous water into a waste reservoir.
As will be seen in Figure 3 the cooling apparatus A is inserted into the sides of
the space which is to be cooled. In front of each cooling apparatus a wooden
box B is however also arranged which is fitted with numerous sieves and at tho
bottom whereof a trough g is provided which receives the water flowing from the
cooling apparatus and conducts the same further. The boxes B serve to free
the air which enters the apparatus A from dust as far. as possible whilst at the
same time the water evaporating from the trough g has a cooling effect upon
the air.
•
The air itself here takes up a portion of the evaporating water but only in
proportion to its absorbing capacity, that is to say if the air enters at a tenperature
of 7° R. it does not contain more than 9.3 gr of water per 1 cubic metre of its
volume.

page_text: The purified and partly cooled air enters passing between the corrugated plates b
covered with water, into the space to be cooled. By this means the air is not only
cooled by contact with the zinc plates, but by the corrugations of the plates b
against which the air strikes, an undulating motion is imparted to the same and is
by that means brought into direct contact with the water covering the plate
directly underneath it. This is chiefly attained by the small limited space between
the plates b.
The ventilation of the space to be cooled, that is to say that movement of the air
from the outside to the interior and the removal of the air within to the outside is
effected by suction. For this purpose one or several heating devices C are placod
on the side opposite to the cooling apparatus (Figures 3 and 4) which produce the
requisite draught. The heating appliance consists of a simple fire chamber m from
which the gases of combustion are removed by a central tube and the chimney n'.
The tube is surrounded by as many jackets or walls o¹, o, o³, as there are stories to
be cooled in the building in the present instance three. Each of these jackets is
connected with the space to be cooled by means of one or more channels p. The
hot air produced by the heating appliance rises and in so doing draws in the cold
air from the spaces E, E.
In this manner a very good ventilation is produced in the said spaces. The
cooling apparatus A are so proportioned that they cool the air passing through the
same to the requisite degree. A box of 150 centimetres width 100 centimetres
depth containing say 13 corrugated sheets of metal (elements) over which water
flows to a depth of 1 centimetre. The effective quantity of water will consequently
be 150 x 100 x 13 = 195,000 gr = 195 litres of water. The quantity of air
passing through the apparatus at a velocity of 3 metres per second amounts to
150 x 100 x 4 x 13 x 3 = 2.340 cubic metres per second or 8424 cubic metres
per hour. These 8424 cubic metres of air must give up to the water 195 calorics
to heat the latter by 1° R. These quantities of calorics correspond to a cooling of
8424 cubic metres from 25° R to 5° R. The heat obtained in a malting house and
produced by the process of germination raises the temperature of the air which is
introduced from 5° to about 7 or 8° R. But if the power of suction of the henting
appliance C is raised to its utmost by opening the exhausting channels p to their
fullest extent, the temperature of the locality can be maintained at 5° R.
In establishing a malting house it is chiefly to be kept in view that not only
the inalt floors must be suitably constructed, but that all the other requisite
conditions must also be strictly observed. It is of the first importance to be
enabled to maintain as even a temperature as possible and to produce powerful
ventilation so as to draw off by means of the latter, the carbonic acid generated by
reason of the process of germination and to provide fresh air. The moist hot air is
not only injurious to germination but moreover promotes the formation of mould.
By the process of germination a considerable quantity of aqueous vapour is
produced and a considerable development of heat is observable.
Rational ventilation and the admission of fresh air are the only means capable of
preventing the formation of fungi and to promote germination.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim as the invention communicated to me is
First: A cooling and ventilating apparatus for malting establishments charac-
terized by the arrangement on one side of the malting space E of the cooling
apparatus A consisting of corrugated plates of sheet zinc and of wooden boxes B
provided with sieves and of the arrangement of the heating appliance C having
several jackets o¹, 0ª, o³ and exhausting the air through the channels at the other
side of the space E.
Second A cooling apparatus for malting establishments consisting of the
corrugated zinc plates b arranged in a frame a with the injecting tubes or pipes di
and overflow gutters ƒ for the water which continuously flows over the plates b so

page_text: that the air passing between the plates b is cooled by flowing along the underside
of the corrugated plates and therefrom receives an undulatory motion in con-
sequence of which the air comes into direct contact with the water on the plates b
and is thereby, still further cooled.