An Improved Specific-gravity Estimating Apparatus for Gases, especially applicable as an Ozonometer.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 24th June, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Specific-gravity Estimating Apparatus for Gases,
especially applicable as an Ozonometer.
I, MARIUS OTTO, of 18, Avenue de Neuilly, Neuilly-sur-Seine, in the Republic
of France, Doctor of Science, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an apparatus, the object of which is to automatically
indicate the proportional quantity of ozone contained in gases or gaseous mixtures
susceptible of holding ozone, and to register the results obtained. The apparatus
may however in a general manner be utilized for measuring and registering the
specific gravity of substances, in which case it is suitably modified according to
requirements and circumstances.
In the apparatus represented in the accompanying drawings;
Figure 1 is a front elevation with part broken away.
Figure 2 a vertical section, along the axis of the apparatus; and
Figures 3, 3, 3"; 3° are diagrams hereinafter referred to.
The
This improved ozonometer essentially consists of two receivers C¹ C² identical in
volume, suspended from the ends of a balance beam F, supported by a fork S.
The receiver C is hermetically closed; the same is provided with a style having
a dry writing point Y and displacing itself opposite a sheet of square-ruled paper,
fixed upon a movable cylinder I, which is actuated by a clock work H; this
receiver C is the compensating cylinder; it is immersed in the same atmosphere
as the cylinder C, the variations in the flotative power of the surrounding air
on the two cylinders are thus compensated for, being equal ou both.
cylinder C has its lower part provided with two valve casings K and L. To the
casing K is fitted a tube K¹ which extends to the upper part of the cylinder; the
lower part of the cylinder is provided with conical nozzles JJ2 which, when the
balance beam F is in the lowered position, engages with conical parts J³, J* and
allows the introduction into the receiver C2 of the gaseous mixture the propor-
tional quantity of ozone in which it is desired to ascertain, this introduction taking
place through the tubes provided at their upper ends with the pins or pro-
jections serving to lift the valves in the casings K and L.
The tubes are connected to the inlet pipe T and outlet pipe T respectively,
by means of cocks R¹ R².
The cocks are controlled by the clock work H through the medium of a rod or
spindle NN, upon which three cams A, B1 and B2 are fixed.
The marking upon the registering cylinder I takes place periodically by the
aid of a pressing device P, adapted to turn on a pivot or axis ab actuated by a
finger D. The finger D is operated by a clockwork movement and forms a kind
of beam which at predetermined intervals of time (every 5 minutes for example)
strikes against the lower bar P₁ which supports the presser P. The result of this
shock is to cause the presser P to make the rod of the style and consequently
the style itself, approach the registering cylinder upon which it leaves an inscrip-
tion.

page_text: The operation of the apparatus when used for determining the proportional
quantity of ozone contained in ozonized oxygen is as follows:-
The apparatus is so regulated that, when the cylinder C2 is filled with pure
oxygen at 0° C. and at the pressure of 760 millimetres, the point of the style lies
lovel with the zero line on the registering cylinder.
The face of the cams is clearly indicated in Figure 2.
Supposing to be a point common to the cams A, B1, B2; owing then to the
movement, communicated to the cams by the clock work, this point will describe
a circle. Let us take as the start or origin of time the moment when X is at Z
(Figure 3).
The Figures 33" and 3° shew the positions occupied by the cams A, B1, B2 and
the cocks R¹R2 when the point X on the cams in the cycle which it describes
passes to the points 71 72 73 (Figure 3).
The balance beam F and its support S are at the bottom end of their stroke;
the cylinder C rests upon the bottom of the cylinder I', which is arranged to
act as a means for deadening by the compression of the gases; the free space
between the two cylinders C and I being extremely small a kind of aspiration or
suction is produced when the cylinder Crises and a slight compression when the
said cylinder descends. The nozzles JJ are in engagement with the joints J3 J4;
the valves in the casings K and L are open. The cams and the cocks occupy the
position represented in section in Figure 3.
The ozonized oxygen passing through the cock R₁ enters the cylinder C², and
is discharged through the tubular piece T2, fixed to the cock R².
The clock work maintains the system for about one minute in this position,
so that the gaseous mixture, contained in the cylinder has time to renew itself
completely, that is to say that the gas entering through the valve in the casing L
forces through the conduit K¹ the gas which previously filled the cylinder C
which escapes whilst renewal is taking place through the valve in the casing K.
When the filling operation is completed, the spindle N1 N2 continues its rotary
movement; when X lies at 7, Figures 2 and 3" the cock R establishes, for a very
short period, communication between the gaseous mixture, contained in the
receiver C and the atmosphere. Owing to this arrangement it is certain that the
analysed gas is kept at the required atmospheric pressure required, at the time of
the experiment such pressure may of course be shown by a registering barometer.
M is a safety reservoir, which prevents the air from entering the cylinder C²,
when the atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure in the cylinder. The
pressure of the gas may be directly ascertained by connecting a pressure gauge to
the conduit, which conveys the gas. A thermometer connected to the same con-
duit indicates its temperature.
When X arrives at the position 73, Fig. 3, the cocks R'R2 are closed and
owing to the oblique position of the tubes TT2, they do not re-open, in order
to recommence the cycle of operation, which I have just described until X has
returned to the position 7.
When X passes the position 73, the cams lift the balance beam and its support.
But the cams BB very soon cause the support S to fall back, which then dis-
engages the balance beam F.
The clock work stops the cams for about one
minute, when the point X occupies the position represented at Z (Figure 3); the
movable system then occupies a position of equipoise, which is due to the effect of
the proportional quantity of ozone of the gas, contained in the cylinder C².
When equilibrium has been established, the finger D
device P to oscillate, which latter thus operates the style Y; the latter then marks
causes the pressing
the proportional quantity of ozone, contained in the analysed gas at the respective
temperature and pressure without any correction being made to compensate for
the variations of flotative power which the cylinder C undergoes ewing to changes
in the temperature.
Tables connected with the apparatus permit of easily reducing the readings to
0° C. and to the pressure of 760 millimetres, if necessary. These corrections may

page_text: even be made automatically by the aid of movable plates or devices, supported by
the balance beam and respectively displaced by the lever arms of a thermometer
and of a metallic barometer. The simplest way, if absolutely comparable results
are to be obtained, is to introduce into the cylinder a gaseous mass previously
brought to a temperature of 0° C. and to a pressure of 760 millimetres."
Under all circumstances, however, after the inscription has been effected, the
cams continue their rotary movement; the support S applies itself beneath the
balance beam F and both descend. The connections between the joints J1 J2 J3 J
take place; the cocks again open and the cycle of operations, which I have
described, recommences.
An entire cycle of operations is completed in three minutes; 20 inscriptions are
thus obtained per hour upon the registering cylinder, whereby an almost unin-
terrupted curve is produced.
As will be easily understood, my apparatus is applicable for numerous pur-
poses; it may be of great service in laboratories, in hospitals and in industry. In
all cases, where ozone is employed or applied, it constitutes an efficient control-
ling medium.
My ozonometer may be so modified as to cause the same to operate like a simple
baroscope. All that is necessary, is to open the cylinder and to leave the
cylinder C closed. If such apparatus be immersed in a mixture of oxygen and
ozone the difference in weights of the cylinders will depend upon or vary according
to or be a function of the proportional quantity of ozone, contained in the gaseous
mixture. This difference will, however, also depend upon or be a function of the
temperature and, provided that comparative indications are desired to be obtained,
it will be necessary to make sure that these two elements are constant.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;-
--
An apparatus serving to autematically indicate the proportional quantity of
ozone contained in a gaseous mixture, the essential features of the apparatus being
the arrangement of two receivers C1, C2, identical in volume, suspended from the
ends of a balance beam F, supported by a fork S; the closed compensating
cylinder C carrying a movable style Y opposite a cylinder actuated by clockwork,
whilst the cylinder C2 is at its lower part provided with valves, which open and
close automatically, according to the movements of the balance beam controlled
by a cam A, worked by the clock work, which latter also actuates two other
cams B1 B2 and controls the gas admission and gas exhaust cocks.
Dated this 13th day of August 1898
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.