Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Bottles and other Glass Articles, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1894-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by JEAN BAPTISTE VERNAY, of Lyon, in the
Republic of France, Manufacturer.]
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Bottles and other
Glass Articles, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of bottles and other glass articles and
to apparatus therefor.
It is based upon the employment of parts and mechanical means set in motion
by a number of devices and the whole of which forms the apparatus hereinafter set
forth.
In order that my invention may be properly understood I will proceed to
describe the apparatus as I prefer to construct the same for the manufacture of
glass bottles.
The principal parts of the improved apparatus are the mould, the part designed
to make the bottom of the bottle, and the air-pump.
1 make the mould of two parts which have the form of triangular prisms and are
adapted to turn upon one of their edges. On each of the two faces adjoining this
edge the said parts have cavities corresponding on one side to half a lump mould,
and on the other side to half a final mould. By turning them upon their axes these
two parts can therefore be caused to join each other exactly to form either the
lump mould or the final mould.
In a modified arrangement the moulds may however be constructed of four
distinct parts, two of which, corresponding to each of the moulds, are adapted to
separate from and approach each other to form alternately either the lump mould
or the final mould.
The part designed to make the bottom of the bottle presents the appearance of
an inverted cone: it may at a given moment be applied to the upper part of the
mould and thus complete the final exterior shape of the bottle. It will be
understood that if the bottom of the bottle is to be flat the aforesaid conical part is
replaced by a disc which bears upon the upper part of the mould.
The air pump comprises a vertical cylinder in which a piston is fitted to move;
the rod of this piston is hollow and extends with its upper part into the mould.
The lower orifice of this rod opens into the cylinder of the pump, while the upper
orifice is closed by a small ball valve provided with a guide rod..
These several parts perform a series of movements communicated to them by
means of the mechanical devices hereinafter referred to.
The improved apparatus is actuated by means of fixed and loose pulleys
carried by a horizontal shaft. This shaft carries a bevel pinion which operates a
bevel wheel upon a vertical shaft to which a pinion and a crank disc are fixed.
The before-mentioned pinion actuates by a toothed wheel a second vertical shaft
upon which it is secured. On this shaft are also mounted a bevel pinion and a
cam. The said bevel pinion gearing with another pinion causes the rotation of an
intermediate shaft carrying at its opposite extremity another bevel pinion which
imparts movement to a second horizontal shaft through the medium of a bevel
wheel. Upon this second horizontal shaft are fixed two cams, one of which
operates the conical part for making the bottom of the bottle by means of its rod
which is adapted to slide in a socket of a support and is actuated by three levers
D

page_text: one of which is provided with a friction roller; while the second cam operates the
piston of the pump through the intervention of two rods one of which is also
provided with a friction roller.
I fix the two parts of the mould upon axes which turn freely at their lower end
in sockets cast in one piece with a bottom plate upon which the moulds are
displaced. To the extremity of these axes are keyed the two pinions which engage
with a toothed wheel mounted loosely upon a shoulder on the underside of the said
bottom plate. This toothed wheel has a long nave in which a cavity is provided.
The bottom plate has moreover a rod, which, being connected with the above-
mentioned crank disc by a rod, communicates to the said bottom plate an alternating
circular movement.
A cam
on the second vertical shaft moves a two-armed lever one of the
extremities of which is bent so as to be able to enter the cavity in the nave of the
aforesaid toothed wheel.
The operation of this apparatus may be divided into four very distinct periods.
First period. As soon as the apparatus is set in operation, the lump mould being
in the operative position, the workman pours into it the molten glass which he has
collected by the aid of a scoop, or which is conducted into the said mould in any
other suitable manner; the glass flows along the prolonged piston rod and fills the
cavity exactly, moulding the collar and the neck of the bottle. During this time
the crank disc performs a certain number of revolutions, each of which causes two
oscillations of the said bottom plate, thereby turning also the whole of the moulds,
the pinions on the axes of the mould parts, and the toothed wheel gearing with
these pinions and mounted loosely upon its axis. The first period corresponds to
five revolutions of the crank disc, that is to say to ten oscillations of the bottom
plate. The part played by these oscillations consists in producing a frictional
action of the mould upon glass, which not only smooths the outer surface of the
bottle but obviates the ridges which would otherwise be produced in the glass by
the junction lines of the two parts of the mould.
Second period. This corresponds to the first half of the sixth revolution of the
cam disc and to the eleventh oscillation of the bottom plate. The sizes of the
toothed wheels on the first and second vertical shafts are such that the cam disc
makes eleven revolutions while the cam on the second vertical shaft makes two.
Now, from the commencement of this eleventh oscillation the said cam actuates
the stop lever provided with a tooth which enters the cavity in the nave of the
above-mentioned toothed wheel and renders the latter stationary. Suppose this
eleventh oscillation to take place the two pinions carried away by the oscillatory
movement and gearing with the said toothed wheel are obliged to roll upon the
latter, which causes the axes of the mould to turn so as to open this mould.
The sizes of the said two pinions and the toothed wheel are such that the two
parts of the mould will describe upon their respective centres arcs of 270 degrees,
thereby replacing the lump mould by the final mould.
Third period. This commences with the twelfth oscillation; the cam on the
second vertical shaft discontinuing to act upon the stop lever the latter is moved
back by a spring and its tooth leaves the aforesaid cavity in the toothed wheel, so
that the latter becomes loose again and is once more carried away by the oscillatory
movement as during the first period. From the commencement of this third period
two other parts intervene, namely in the first place the conical part which is applied
to the mould, being actuated through the medium of the rods and levers herein-
before referred to by the cam on the second horizontal shaft, and in the second
place the second cam on the latter, which by means of two levers causes the hollow
piston rod and the piston, to descend, so that this piston will compress the air
contained in the pump cylinder; this air raises the small valve at the upper end of
the hollow piston rod and effects the blowing of the bottle. This period, like the
first, corresponds to five revolutions of the crank disc and to ten oscillations of the
bottom plate. At the end of this period the bottle is finished.
Fourth period. At the beginning of the fourth period, which commences with

page_text: the twenty-second oscillation, the cam on the second vertical shaft has again acted
upon the stop lever the extremity of which has passed into the said cavity in the
nave of the wheel, thus stopping the latter; as however the direction of the
oscillation is not the same as before, the pinions roll so as to cause the opening of
the mould. In the course of this movement the apparatus is suddenly thrown out
of gear for a few seconds for enabling the workman to remove the bottle which
has been finished; then the apparatus is again set in motion, the movements
commenced terminate, and the lump mould takes the place of the final mould,
during this time springs have moved back the parts to their original position and
the machine is again ready for the first period.
For obviating the adherence of the glass to the mould use may be made either
of oil, wax, resin or other substance suitable for preventing such adherence.
Dated this 9th day of October 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Bottles and other
Glass Articles, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of bottles and other glass articles and
to apparatus therefor.
It is based upon the employment of mechanical means which are set in motion
by a number of devices and the whole of which forms the apparatus hereinafter
set forth.
In order that my invention may be properly understood I will proceed to describe
the apparatus as I prefer to construct the same for the manufacture of glass
bottles.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of the apparatus on the line V-V of
Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a plan of the said apparatus, showing in section the various parts
situated below the sectional line X-x of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an elevation showing more particularly the bottom plate of the
moulds and the manner in which it is actuated.
Figure 4 is a vertical section taken on the line Y-Y of Figure 5 and representing
the glass poured into the so-called lump mould.
Figure 5 shows a plan of this lump mould.
Figure 6 is a vertical section taken on the line Z-Z of Figure 7 and representing
the bottle just produced in the so-called final mould.
Figure shows a plan of this final mould.
Figures 8 and 9 are perspective views showing more particularly half the lump
mould and half the final mould, and
Figure 10 is a plan of the parts 11 and 11', the union of which constitutes
alternately either the lump mould or the final mould, and shows the position
occupied by these said parts when a bottle has just been made and when they are
separated for enabling the bottle to be removed.
The principal parts of the improved apparatus are the mould, the part designed
to make the bottom of the bottle and the air pump.
I make the mould of two parts 11 and 11' which have the form of triangular
prisms and are adapted to turn upon one of their edges. On each of the two faces

page_text: adjoining this edge the said parts have cavities corresponding on one side to half a
lump mould, and on the other side to half a final mould. By turning the said
parts upon their axes these two parts 11 and 11' can therefore be caused to join
each other exactly to form either the lump mould, Figures 1, 4 and 5, or the final
mould Figures 6 and 7.
In a modified arrangement the moulds may however be constructed of four
distinct parts, two of which, corresponding to each of the moulds are adapted to
separate from and approach each other to form alternately either the lump mould
or the final mould.
The part 35 Figure 1 designed to form the bottom of the bottle has the shape of
an inverted cone; and at a given moment is applied to the upper part of the said
mould and thus completes the final exterior shape of the bottle. It will be under-
stood that if the bottom of the bottle is to be flat the aforesaid conical part is
replaced by a disc which bears upon the upper part of the mould.
The air pump Figure 1 comprises a vertical cylinder 27' provided with a movable
piston 26 fitted to move; the rod 27 of this piston is hollow and its upper parts
extends through the guide 6' in the bracket 6 into the mould. The lower orifice
of this rod opens into the cylinder 27', while the upper orifice is closed by a small
ball valve 28 provided with a guide rod .28*.
These several parts perform a series of movements communicated to them by
means of the mechanical devices hereinafter referred to.
The improved apparatus is actuated by means of fixed and loose pulleys A
carried by a horizontal shaft B. This said shaft B carries a bevel pinion C which
gears with a bevel wheel D upon a vertical shaft 1 to which a pinion 2 and a crank
disc 3 are fixed. The before-mentioned pinion 2 actuates by a toothed wheel 13 a
vertical shaft 36 Figure 2 upon which it is secured. On this shaft are also mounted
a bevel pinion 16 and'a cam 37. The bevel pinion 16 gearing with another bevel
pinion 15 causes the rotation of an intermediate shaft 17 carrying at its opposite
extremity a pinion 18 which imparts movement to the shaft 20 through the medium
of a bevel wheel.19. Upon this said shaft 20 are fixed two cams 22 and 23; the
cam 22 operates the conical part 35 by means of a rod 34 which is adapted to slide
in a socket 41 of a support 42 and is actuated by the levers 32, 31, 29, the latter
being provided with a friction roller 221, the said lever 29 being pivoted to the
frame of the apparatus at 30; while the cam 23 operates the piston of the pump
through the intervention of two rods 24 and 25, the rod 24 being provided with a
friction roller 23'.
I fix the two parts 11 and 11' of the mould upon axes 10 and 10' which turn
freely at their lower end in sockets d d cast in one piece with the bottom plate 5
upon which the said moulds are displaced. To the extremity of these axes 10
and 10' are keyed the two pinions 9 and 9' which engage with a toothed wheel 8
mounted loosely upon a shoulder 5' on the under side of the said bottom plate 5.
This toothed wheel 8 has a long nave in which a cavity 81 is provided. The
bottom plate 5 has moreover a rod 7, Figures 2 and 3, which, being connected with
the crank disc 3 by the rod 4 and crank pin 3' communicates to the said bottom
plate an alternating circular movement.
The cam 37 moves a two armed lever 39 articulated at 40, one of the extremities
of the said lever being bent so as to be able to enter the cavity 8¹ in the nave of
the aforesaid toothed wheel, the other extremity of the said lever being provided
with a roller 38 adapted to work on the said cam 37.
The operation of this apparatus may be divided into four very distinct periods.
FIRST PERIOD.
As soon as the apparatus is set in operation, the lump mould being in the
position shown in Figures 1 and 4, the workman pours into it the molten glass
which he has collected by the aid of a scoop, or which is conducted into the sail

page_text: Lake & Improvements relating to the manufacture of Dotties and owner
117060
cavity exactly, moulding the collar and neck of the bottle. During this time the-
crank disc 3 performs a certain number of revolutions each of which causes two-
oscillations of the bottom plate 5, one in the direction of the arrows 4' and the
other in the direction of the arrow 4", Figure 2, thereby turning also the whole of
the moulds 11, 11', the pinions 9, 9' in the directions and r and the toothed wheel 8.
gearing with these pinions and mounted loosely upon its axis. The first period
corresponds to five revolutions of the crank disc 3 that is to say to ten oscillations.
of the bottom plate 5. The part played by these oscillations consists in producing
a frictional action of the mould upon the glass, which not only smooths the outer
surface of the bottle but obviates the ridges which would otherwise be produced.
in the glass by the junction lines of the two parts of the mould.
SECOND PERIOD.
This corresponds to the first half of the sixth revolution of the cam disc 3 and to
the eleventh oscillation of the bottom plate 5. The sizes of the toothed wheels 2
and 13 are such that the cam disc 3 makes eleven revolutions while the cam 37
makes two. Now, from the commencement of this eleventh oscillation the said
cam 37 actuates the stop lever 39 provided with a tooth 39* which enters the
cavity 81 in the nave of the toothed wheel 8 and renders the latter stationary..
Suppose this eleventh oscillation to take place in the direction of the arrow 4' the
two pinions 9 and 9', carried away by the oscillatory movement and gearing with
the toothed wheel 8 are obliged to roll upon the latter, which causes the axes 10.
and 10 of the mould to turn so as to open the same.
The sizes of the toothed wheels 9, 9 and 8 are such that the two parts of the
mould will describe upon their respective centres ares of 270 degrees, thereby
replacing the lump mould, Figures 4 and 5 by the final mould, Figures 6 and 7.
THIRD PERIOD.
This commences with the twelfth oscillation; the cam 37 discontinuing to act
upon the stop lever 39 the latter is moved back by a spring 39¹ Figure 2 and its
tooth 39 leaves the aforesaid cavity 8 in the toothed wheel 8 so that the latter
becomes loose again and is once more carried away by the oscillatory movement as
in the first period. From the commencement of this third period two other parts
intervene, namely in the first place the conical part 35 which is applied to the
mould being actuated through the medium of the rods and levers 29, 31, 32 and 34
by the cam 22, and in the second place the cam 23 which by means of the levers 24
and 25 causes the hollow piston rod 27 and the piston 26 to descend, so that the
piston will compress the air contained in the pump cylinder 271; this air raises the
small valve 28 and effects the blowing of the bottle. This period like the first
corresponds, to five revolutions of the crank disc and to ten oscillations of the
bottom plate 5. At the end of this period the bottle is finished.
FOURTH PERIOD.
At the beginning of the fourth period, which commences with the twenty-second
oscillation, which latter takes place in the direction of the arrow 4", the cam 37
has again acted upon the stop lever 39 the tooth of which has passed into the
cavity 8', in the nave of the wheel 8 thus stopping the latter; as however the
direction of the oscillation is not the same as before the pinions 9 and 9' roll in
the direction of the arrows so as to cause the opening of the mould. In the course
of this movement, the moulds being in the position indicated in Figure 10, the
apparatus is suddenly thrown out of gear for a few seconds to enable the workman
to remove the bottle which has been finished; then the apparatus is again set in
motion, the movements commenced terminate, and the lump mould takes the place
of the final mould; during this time the springs 24, 43 Figure 1 and 39¹ Figure 2

page_text: have moved back the parts to their original position and the apparatus is again
ready for the first period.
To obviate the adherence of the glass to the mould use may be made either of
oil, wax, resin or other substance suitable for preventing such adherence.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :---
First. The method of manufacturing bottles and other glass articles, which
consists in first casting and then blowing the same substantially as set forth.
Second. In apparatus for manufacturing glass articles the arrangement of a
movable lump mould in which the casting of the molten glass takes place and
which after the casting is automatically replaced by a movable final mould having
an interior cavity corresponding to the form of the article to be manufactured,
these moulds consisting either of two parts which by their displacement form
successively the lump mould and the final mould, or of four parts, two of which
form alternately by their approach one or the other of the said two moulds,
substantially as set forth.
Third. In apparatus for manufacturing glass articles the combination with the
final mould of a part which, being applied automatically to the said mould, is
designed to form the hollow or flat bottom of the article to be made, substantially
as set forth.
Fourth. In apparatus for manufacturing glass articles the combination, with the
final mould and the part for making the bottom of the article of a pump conveying
air under pressure to the interior of the mould in order to force the glass against
the inner periphery of the said mould so as to give the article its final shape,
substantially as set forth.
Dated this 7th day of July 1894
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.