AN IMPROVED TYPE-SETTING MACHINE
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Davies, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn,
in the County of Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City
of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED TYPE-SETTING MACHINE."-A communication from abroad by
Augustus Corey and John McMullin Harper, both of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Sealed the 8th March 1867, and dated the 19th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1866.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED TYPE-SETTING MACHINE," (a communication to me from
abroad by Augustus Corey and John. McMullin Harper, both of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, United States of America,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain mechanism, fully described hereafter, for
setting type in rows and collecting these rows together, the mechanism being
such that on depressing one of a number of keys designating the particular
character of the types to be operated on one of these types is pushed horl-
zontally from a reservoir containing a number of similar types on to a table

page_text: or plate, to which it is lightly pressed during its movement. As soon as this
type is free from the reservoir it is turned against an arresting and guiding
plate, along which it is pushed beneath the lowest of a vertical row of types
previously operated on; thus type after type is pushed from the various
reservoirs by the different keys turned on the table or plate, and then pushed
beneath the vertical row of previously set types until that row has reached a
height equal to the width of a page of printed matter, when the completed
row is pushed against another previously completed. The vertical rows of
type thus collected are from time to time removed for examination, or such
corrections or alterations as may be required preparatory to being arranged in
forms of the desired size, the width of the form being equal to the height of
the vertical rows.
The construction of the machine is as follows:-Above the base of the
machine and supported by uprights is a table; secured to the table is a plate,
above which projects to any desired height a type reservoir, the interior of the
reservoir, as viewed from the top, being of such dimensions as to receive one
type only. The reservoir is open at the bottom, the top and front edge being
covered by a detachable plate. A small wheel is hung very loosely between
two projecting sides of the reservoir and a second plate, the object of which
will be explained hereafter, is bolted to the first-named plate close to one side
of the reservoir. Upon the first-named plate and guided by projections on
the same is a sliding rod or pusher, a projecting pin on which passes through
a slot cut in the table and the plate. A key lever is hung to the table, and
is connected to the sliding rod by a link; a plate hung to brackets on the
table and operated by a spiral spring bears against the lower end of the pro-
jecting pin, and has a constant tendency to retain the sliding rod in its usual
position. Passing through the end of a projecting portion of the table, and
turning in suitable bearings secured to the opposite sides of the same, is a
driving shaft. On the table and guided by grooves cut in each edge of the
same is a sliding block, which is connected by a rod to the pin of a crank
upon the driving shaft ; secured to or forming part of this block is a pusher
bar, the end of which is rounded, and a portion of the bar is cut away so as to
present an abrupt shoulder, from which and at right angles to the bar a thin
plate projects vertically, this plate having a straight vertical edge for an object
explained hereafter. A plate is secured to the under side of the block, and is
supported by a guide, one edge of this plate bearing against the spring plate;
another plate bent on one edge at right angles is secured to the table parallel
and adjacent to the course of the pusher bar. On the under side of the table
is a hanger, to which is hung a lever, the latter being operated either by its

page_text: handle projecting through a slot in the table, or by a suitable treadle. A rod
connects the lever with a horizontal sliding bar guided on the under side of
the table by screws which pass through slots in the said sliding bar. A box
or type receiver is secured to the table immediately over the bar, and above
this box is a similar sliding bar which is connected to the first-named bar by
a rod, which rod passes through a slot in the table. The rod also passes
through slots formed in projections of a vertical plate, which is maintained in
its position by one of its projections, the latter being maintained in its proper
lateral and vertical position by guides secured to the table: Two long arms,
ono on each side of the first sliding bar, are pivoted to the table, and are
connected to the said bar by links. Two similar arms are pivoted to the top
of the box, and are connected to the second sliding bar by links. The arms
are connected together by vertical rods; these rods are directly opposite the
front edge of the box above named, and pass through slots in the table.
Imbedded in the table, and in the space between the vertical rods and the
face of a vertical plate is a metal block, the upper surface of which is rounded
for a purpose described hereafter. A vertical rod having a foot is situated
immediately over this block, and is arranged to slide in a bracket secured to
A
the box; a spiral spring encircling the rod tends to depress the latter.
vertical spindle passes through the table at one side of but close to the box,
and is provided with a lower arm and an upper arm, the latter being connected
to the first-named sliding rod, and the former to the second-named sliding rod,
so that the movements of the two rods must be simultaneous. On the pin
which connects the upper arm to the bar is hung a pawl acted on by a spring,
and provided with a.handle, the end of this pawl being adapted to the teeth of
a ratchet wheel on a spindle which passes through the table, and which has a
pinion, the teeth of which gear into those of a rack on the side of a block
which slides in the box or type receiver. A horizontal plate having two
vertical rods which fit into holes cut in the top of the box rests upon this
block, and is caused to bear upon the same by spiral springs. The pressure
upon the block may be relieved when necessary, and the plate raised by
means of an excentric. A portion of the bottom and side of the box is .cut
away for the reception of a type receiver, against the vertical portion of which
the block is arranged. to slide. To guiding plates on the table is hung a
-horizontal lever having a handle, and to one arm of this lever is connected a
'sliding rod, to the.end of which is secured a vertical bar having a flat surface
on one side. To. the other arm of the lever is connected a slide, which
terminates in a vertical rod, and the object of which will be rendered apparent
hereafter.

page_text: Operation. The top plate is first detached from the reservoir which is then
filled with type, the latter being laid upon their flat sides one above another,
resting upon the plate at the bottom of the reservoir. The driving shaft is
now caused to revolve, and the pusher bar traverses the table back and forth
through an open space beneath the type reservoir. By pressing upon the
key lever the sliding rod is pushed forwards and forces the lowest type from
the reservoir; the small loose wheel bearing by its own weight only on the
type, and keeping the latter down on the table, or on the plate secured to the
table. The type having been pushed out to the desired extent the pressure
upon the key lever is removed, when by the action of the spring plate the
sliding rod will return to its original position, and the row of type in the
reservoir will fall, another type being consequently in a proper position to be
pushed out. The type being thus forced into the space below the reservoir
the rounded end of the reciprocating pusher bar strikes the type near one
end, and as the bar advances turns the type into a position at right angles
to its former position. The shoulder of the pusher bar now bears against the
end of the type, and still continues to advance until the type reaches the edge
of the rounded block, over which it mounts, passing under the presser foot.
The pusher bar has now reached the limit of its outward movement, and at
once commences to return. In this position the type is held firmly by the
action of the spring. The pusher bar again advances, and another type is
'pushed into the space, and is carried on as before to the rounded block, and
passes under the first type. This operation is again repeated, the spring
pressure rod rising until as many type are contained between the block and
foot as are required to complete one line for a page of the required width, the
filling of the line being indicated by graduated marks upon the presser rod.
Only one reservoir has been described in connection with this machine, but
it should be understood that it is necessary to have as many reservoirs with
their appliances as there are letters, figures, or other characters. .The reservoirs
are placed adjacent to each other, and their key levers, each with its proper
letter or figure marked upon it, are ranged in a manner somewhat similar
to those of a piano. One spring plate only is required for the whole number
of keys, and this long plate may be operated either with a single spring in
the centre, or by two springs one at each end. The line of type having been
formed as described it is moved forward into the type receiver in the box
above described by means of a vertical plate, which is pushed forward between
the two vertical rods above described, and carries the pile of type with it, the
vertical rods opening slightly for that purpose, and the sliding block in the
box receding a distance equal to the width of the type. The several parts

page_text: of the machine are now returned into a proper position for commencing a
repetition of the above required movements by which line after line of type
is deposited in the receiver. It will be seen without further description that
a boy or girl of ordinary capacity and capable of reading can not only set
type by the aid of the above described machine, but can arrange the types in
lines side by side, thereby forming masses of set type ready to be prepared
for the printing form.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Davies, Her special licence that I, the said George
Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED TYPE-
SETTING MACHINE," (a communication to me from abroad by Augustus Corey
and John McMullin Harper, both of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Davies, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Davies, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists of certain mechanism, fully described hereafter, for
setting type in rows and collecting these rows together, the inechanism being
such that on depressing one of a number of keys designating the particular
character of the types to be operated on one of these types is pushed hori-
zontally from a reservoir containing a number of similar types on to a table or
plate, to which it is lightly pressed during its movement. As soon as this type
is free from the reservoir it is turned against an arresting and guiding plate,,
along which it is pushed beneath the lowest of a vertical row of types pre-
viously operated on; thus type after type is pushed from the various reservoirs
by the different keys turned on the table or plate, and then pushed beneath
the vertical row of previously set types until that row has reached a height
equal to the width of a page of printed matter, when the completed row is
pushed against another previously completed. The vertical rows of type thus
collected are from time to time removed for examination, or such corrections
or alterations as may be required preparatory to being arranged in forms of
the desired size, the width of the form being equal to the height of the
vertical rows.
'
Such being the nature and object of the said Invention for "An Improved
Type-setting Machine," I will now proceed to describe more in detail the
manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect; and in order that the same may be distinctly understood I
have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with
those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
On reference to the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 is a plan view of the
improved type-setting machine; Figure 2, a transverse sectional view on the
line 1, 2, Figure 1, showing the mode of pushing the type from the reservoir;
Figures 3, 4, and 5, diagrams illustrating the manner in which the types are
turned previous to being pushed home to their places; Figure 6, a sectional
view on the line 3, 4, Figure 1; Figure 7, a detached view of part of the same
drawn in a different position; Figure 8, a section on the line 5, 6, Figure 1;
Figure 9, an inverted plan view of part of the machine; Figure 10, a sectional
view of the type receiver or stick; Figure 11, a sectional plan view on the
line 7, 8, Figure 8; Figure 12, a part of the same drawn in a different position.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
A is the base of the machine, above which and supported by uprights a, a,

page_text: is a table B, and. a projecting portion B' of this table, as seen in Figures 1
and 6, is supported by an upright a¹. Secured to the table B is a plate b,
above which projects to any desired height a type reservoir C, the construction
of which will be best observed on reference to Figures 2 and 6, the interior of
the reservoir as viewed from the top being of such dimensions as to receive
one type only. The reservoir C is open at the bottom, the top and front edge
being covered by a detachable plate c. A small wheel d is hung very loosely
between two projecting sides of the reservoir, and a plate d, the object of
which will be explained hereafter, is bolted to the plate 6 close to one side of
the reservoir C (Figure 6). Upon the plate 6 and guided by projections e, e,
on the same is a sliding rod D, a projecting piu e¹ on which passes through a
slot cut in the table and plate b. A key lever E is hung to the table at a
point f, and is connected to the sliding rod D by a rod f¹, see Figure 2; a
plate F hung to brackets 9 on the table, and operated by a spiral spring g',
bears against the lower end of the pin e', and has a constant tendency to retain
the sliding rod D in the position shown in Figure 2. Passing through the
end of the portion B¹ of the table and turning in suitable bearings secured to
the opposite sides of the same is a driving shaft G. On the table B¹ and
guided by grooves i cut in each edge of the same is a sliding block H, which
is connected by a rod i to the pin of the crank upon the driving shaft G;
secured to or forming part of this block H is a pusher bar I, the end ; of
which is rounded, as shown in the Diagrams, Figures 3, 4, and 5, and a
portion of the bar is cut away so as to present an abrupt shoulder j¹, from
which and at right angles to the bar a thin plate projects vertically, this
plate having a straight vertical edge x, shown in dotted lines Figure 6, for an
object explained hereafter. A plate is secured to the under side of the
block H, and is supported by a guide ³, one edge of this plate, when the parts
are in the positions shown in Figure 6, bearing against the spring plate F. A
plate J is bent on one edge at right angles, and secured to the table B parallel
and adjacent to the course of the pusher bar I (see Figure 1). On the under
side of the table B is a hanger l, to which is hung a lever K, the latter being
operated either by its handle projecting through a slot in the table, or by a
suitable treadles (see Figure 8). A rod m. connects the lever K. with a
horizontal sliding bar L guided on the under side of the table by screws which
A box M is secured to the
pass through slots n, n, in the said sliding bar.
table immediately over the bar L, and above this box is a similar sliding
bar L', which is connected to the bar I, by a rod o (Figure 10), which rod
passes through a slot-p in the table. The rod also passes through slots p
formed in projections 9 and q¹ of a vertical plate N, which is maintained in its

page_text: position by its projection q¹, the latter being maintained in its proper lateral
and vertical position by guides r, r, secured to the table B. Two long arms
P and P¹ (Figure 9), one on each side of the bar L, are pivoted to the table at
points s, 8, and are connected to the bar L by links t, t. Two similar arms R
and R¹ are pivoted to the top of the box M, and are connected to the bar L
by links u, u, similar to the links t, t, of the arms P and P¹. The arms P
and R are connected together by a vertical rod S, and the arms P¹ and R¹ by
a like rod S¹. These rods when the parts are in the position shown in Figures
6 and 11 are directly opposite the front edge of the box M, and pass through
slots v in the table. Imbedded in the table and in the space between the
rods S and the face of the plate N is a metal block T, the surface of which is
rounded, as shown in Figure 6, for a purpose described hereafter. A vertical
rod V (Figure 6) having a foot w is situated immediately over the block T,
and is arranged to slide in a bracket V¹ secured to the box M; a spiral
spring w¹ encircling the rod V tends to depress the latter. A vertical spindle U
(shown in dotted lines, Figure 8;) passes through the table B at one side of
but close to the box M, and is provided with a lower arm and an upper
arma (Figures 1 and 9), the latter being connected to the sliding rod L, and
the former to the sliding rod L, so that the movements of the two rods must
be simultaneous. On the pin y which connects the arm to the bar L is
hung a pawl W (Figure 9), acted on by a spring y³, and provided with a
handle y, the end of this pawl being adapted to the teeth of a ratchet
wheel W¹ on a spindle X which passes through the table B, and which has a
pinion X (Figure 11), the teeth of which gear into those of a rack Y on the
side of a block Y¹. A horizontal plate Z (Figure 8) having two vertical
,, which fit into holes cut in the top of the box M, rests upon the
block Y¹, and is caused to bear upon the same by spiral springs 2, 2, which
surround the rods z, z. The pressure upon the block Y¹ may be relieved when
necessary and the plate Z raised by means of an excentric 3 upon a spindle 4,
the handle 4 of which is shown in dotted lines. A portion of the bottom and
side of the box M is cut away for the reception of a type receiver 5, against
the vertical portion of which the block Y' is arranged to slide. The form of
the type receiver will be best observed on reference to Figure 10. To the
guiding plates r, r, on the table is hung a horizontal lever 6 having a handle 7,
and to one arm of this lever is connected a sliding rod 8, to the end of which is
secured a vertical bar 9 having a flat surface opposite the edge of the plate N.
To the other arm of the lever 6 is connected a slide 10, which terminates
in a vertical rod 11, and the object of which will be rendered apparent
hereafter.

page_text: b
Operation. The plate c is first detached from the reservoir C, which is
then filled with type, the latter being laid upon their flat sides one above
another, as shown in Figure 7 of the Drawing, the lowest one resting upon
the plate 6 (Figure 1). The driving shaft G is now caused to revolve, and
the pusher bar I traverses the table back and forth through an open space 12,
Figure 2, beneath the type reservoir C. By pressing upon the key lever E
the sliding rod D is pushed in the direction of the arrow, Figure 2, and forces
the lowest type from the reservoir into the space 12, the small loose wheel d
bearing by its own weight only on the type, and keeping the latter down on
the table, or on the plate secured to the table. The type having been pushed
out to the extent determined by the plate J, Figure 2, the pressure upon the
key lever is removed, when by the action of the spring plate F the sliding
rod D will return to its original position, and the row of type in the reservoir
will fall, another type being consequently in a proper position to be pushed
out. The type forced into the space 12 is now in the position shown in the
diagram, Figure 3. The rounded end of the reciprocating pusher bar strikes
the type near one end, and as the bar advances necessarily turns the type first
to the position shown in Figure 4, and finally to that shown.in Figure 5. The
shoulder of the pusher bar now bears against the end of the type, which is
prevented from turning by the aforesaid plate J. The pusher bar still con-
tinues to advance until the type reaches the edge of the rounded block T, over
which it mounts, passing under the presser foot w of the rod V, as shown in
Figure 6, until it is in contact or nearly so with the vertical plate 9. The
pusher bar has now reached the limit of its outward movement, and at once
commences to return. In this position the type is held firmly by the
action of the spring w³, and is confined by the rods S and S¹, the plate 9 and
the plate N (see Figure 11). The pusher bar again advances and another type
is pushed into the space 12, and is carried on as before to the rounded block T,
and passes under the first type, as shown in Figure 7. This operation is
again repeated, the spring presser rod V rising until as many type are con-
tained between the block T and foot was are required to complete one linė
for a page of the required width, the filling of the line being indicated by
graduated marks upon the rod u, shown in Figure 6. The line, as it is being
formed is maintained even by the edge of the plate 1, which touches the
ends of the type whenever the pusher bar is moved forward, thus keeping
them in contact, or very nearly in contact, with the plate 9. When it is
desirable to examine the faces of the type contained in the line it is necessary to
operate the lever 6 (Figure 11), so as to draw back the plate 9 and move the
rod 11 of the slide, which thus prevents the line of type from being disturbed.

page_text: If a type should be accidentally pushed out of the reservoir on to the top of the
-pusher bar I, when the parts are in the position.shown in Figure 6; no accident
can occur therefrom, for the loose type would be drawn back by the pusher
bar to the plated, and retained there until the bar was drawn back to its full
extent, when the type would fall into the space 12, and be pushed forward as
before. When the parts are in the position shown in Figure 6 the plate K
being attached to the block H has moved forward with it, and one edge of
the plate bears against and locks the spring plate F, and thus prevents the
depressing of the key lever E. When, however, the parts are in the positions
shown in Figure 1 the plate k is drawn back, and nothing retards the motion
of the sliding rod D, bence it will be impossible to push a type from beneath
the reservoir, before the proper time. Only one reservoir has been described
in connection with this machine, but it should be understood that it is
necessary to have as many reservoirs, with their appliances, as there are
letters, figures, or other characters. The reservoirs are placed adjacent to
each other, and their key levers, each with its proper letter or figure marked
upon it, are ranged in a manner somewhat similar to those of a piano. One
spring plate F only is required for the whole number of keys, and this long
plate may be operated either with a single spring in the centre or by two
springs, one at each end. The line of type having been formed as described,
it may be moved into the type reservoir 5 in the box M, the parts being
now in the positions shown in Figures 9 and 11, the lever K (Figure 8) is
first moved in the direction of its arrow. Through the medium of the
connecting rod m the sliding bar L is pushed in the direction of its arrow
(Figure 9). By this movement of the bar L the arms P and P¹, connected
to the said bar by the links t, t,- are turned upon their pivots 3, 5, and as
the bar L upon the top of the box M is connected to the bar L by the
rodo and spindle U the arms P and P¹ and the arms R and R¹ will be
moved simultaneously, and the distance between the rods S and 'S' will be
increased until they assume the position shown in Figure 12. The rod o;
Figure 11, will now have traversed the length of the slots p¹ of the projec-
tions q and q¹ of the plate N, and the forward motion of the rod being con-
tinued the line of type will be pushed by the plate N from beneath. the foot of
the pressure rod V, and between the rods S and S¹ into the type receiver 5 in
the box M. At the same time the pawl W pivoted to the bar I at y will turn
the ratchet wheel W₁ to a limited extent, and the pinion X' upon the same
spindle, thus drawing back the block Y a distance equivalent to the width of
the type. The working parts being now in the position shown in Figure 8,
the movement of the lever K is reversed, and the arms Land L' are drawn

page_text: back, the former carrying with it the spring pawl W, the end of which takes
its place between two other teeth of the ratchet wheel W¹. The rod o first
moves along the slots p³, and then the plate N'is drawn back from the line of
type and from between the rods S and S¹. The returning motion of the bars
L and L is still continued, and the arms P and P¹ R and R¹ are drawn
together, and the rods S and S' approach each other until they have reached
their old position, while the rod V, which has rested upon the top of the
plate N, falls by the action of the spring w. The above operations are
repeated, the block Y receding as each line of type advances until the desired
number of lines of type are contained in the receiver 5, after which the plate Z
is raised by means of the excentric upon the spindle 4, thereby relieving the
pressure upon the top of the lines of type and on the block Y, then the type
receiver may be drawn out from the box M, its mass of type removed, and
the receiver returned to its place. By means of its handle y the pawl W is
now disengaged from the teeth of the ratchet wheel W₁, and the block Y¹ is
then moved close to the rod S, after which the plate Z is lowered. to the
block Y, and the several parts of the machine are now in a proper position
for commencing a repetition of the above required movements, by which line
after line of type is deposited in the receiver.
It will be seen without further description that a boy or girl of ordinary
capacity and capable of reading can not only set type by the aid of the above-
described machine, but can arrange the types in lines side by side, thereby
forming masses of set type ready to be prepared for the printing form.
It will be apparent to those familiar with the construction of machinery
that many of the above described parts may be altered or modified without
departing from the main features of the Invention.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention for
"An Improved Type-setting Machine," together with the manner in which
the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I would
remark in conclusion that I claim as the Invention (communicated to me
by the said Augustus Corey and John M.Mullin Harper),―
Firstly, the combination of a type reservoir C, a reciprocating bar passing
beneath the same, and a plate or platform b, over and in contact with which
the type may be moved by the said bar, as set forth.
Secondly, the loose wheel d or its equivalent, so arranged as to bear on the
type as it is being pushed from beneath the reservoir.
Thirdly, turning the type on the plate 6 after it leaves the reservoir by the
aid of the devices herein described, or the equivalents to the same.
Fourthly, the reciprocating pushing bar I, so constructed at the end and

page_text: so combined with the arresting and guiding plate J as to turn the type in the
manner described..
Fifthly, the shoulder j on the pushing bar and the guiding plate J acting
together so as to move and guide the type, in the manner described.
Sixthly, the combination with the pushing bar of a plate with a straight
edge x, so arranged and operating as to adjust the row of types in a line.
Seventhly, the setting of a vertical row of type by introducing type after type
to the said row, substantially in the manner described.
Eighthly, beneath the vertical row of types a block or plate T or its equi-
valent so rounded or otherwise formed that on pushing a type to its place
beneath the row it will be the means of elevating the same, as described.
Ninthly, the plate 9 so arranged that the row of set type will not be
disturbed by the introduction of a new type to the row.
Tenthly, the pressure plate w, arranged for the steadying of the vertical
row of type, substantially as described.
Eleventhly, the combination, substantially as described, of the plates N
and 9, and rods S and S¹, for confining and guiding the vertical row of type.
Twelfthly, the bar g so connected to the machine and to a suitable operating
device that it can be moved at pleasure away from the front edge of the row
of type when the same has to be inspected.
Thirteenthly, the combination of the plate N, the rods S and S¹, and the
mechanism herein described, or the equivalent to the same, whereby the rods
are caused to recede from each other and make way for the row of type prior
to the same being pushed back by the said plate N.
Fourteenthly, the combination of the mechanism constructed substantially
as described for forming a row of type with a plate N, or its equivalent,
whereby the said row may be pushed in a mass towards and in contact with a
previously formed row.
Fifteenthly, the combination of the plate N with a box or case M for
receiving the row of type.
Sixteenthly, the box or case M in combination with the detachable type-
receiver 5.
Seventeenthly, the combination of the box or case with the sliding block Y¹
for sustaining the type in a compact mass.
Eighteenthly, the mechanism described, or its equivalent, for causing the
block Y to recede prior to a new row being pushed towards a previously
formed one.
Nineteenthly, the combination of the pressure plate Z with the type-
receiving case and sliding block Y.

page_text: Twentiethly, the spring plate F (Figure 2) arranged and operating for
controlling the whole of the keys, substantially in the manner described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Davies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
GEORGE DAVIES. (L.B.)