Process and Apparatus for Producing Coke, Gas, and Bye-products.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Producing Coke, Gas, and Bye-products.
PAUL NAEF, Ph.D., Chemical Engineer, 15, 3rd Avenue, New Brighton, S.I.,
New York, U.S.A., and RICHARD STEPHEN GARTON, Chemist, of same address, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows-
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture of coke,
heating and illuminating gases, ammonia and other by-products.
One object is to provide a process and apparatus to produce coke in a single
apparatus in much larger quantities than has been done heretofore, so as to enable
the production of all the coke required by a blast furnace in a single apparatus,
or in a small number of such plants.
Further objects of the invention arc, to convert a large amount of the nitrogen
of the nitrogenous constituents of the coal, which are with ordinary coking pro-
cesses left in the coke, into ammonia without using a large excess of steam; to
manufacture fuel and illuminating gases as by-products; to utilize the heat of
the red hot coke for producing steam and superheating the same; to make the
coking of fuel, the recovery of ammonia from the nitrogenous constituents of the
coke, and the cooling, screening and loading of the coke automatic operations,
to avoid the forcing of the hot gases through fine fuel, and the pressure, which
would be necessary for that purpose.
These results are obtained by supplying most of the heat necessary for the
coking by passing hot gases through the coking material.
The process consists of the following steps:-The fuel or, coking material, is
first partially coked in pipes. The second step is a complete coking of the
preheated and partially coked material by conducting hot gases through the
same. The third step comprises the recovery of ammonia from the nitrogenous
compounds of the coke by steam, the generation of such steam by injection of
water with simultaneous cooling of the coke. The fourth step comprises dis-
charging, screening and loading of the coke.
The invention also relates to the apparatus for carrying out the process.
The drawing Fig. 1, shows a vertical section of an apparatus for carrying out
the process. The coking apparatus consists of a shaft, 1, of circular. or reetan-
gular section, encased with an iron mantle 2, and supported on columns 3.
Pipe 4 conducts heated gases, from a gas-producer or furnace, in which solid or
liquid fuel is burned, into the annular channel 5, then through the ducts 6, to
the interior of the apparatus. The hot gases, which consist mostly of carbonic
oxide and nitrogen, and if oil is used as fuel, of hydro-carbons in addition, pass
upwards through the partly coked material. They rapidly coke the material
and pass into the upper part of the apparatus, which is constructed of metal.
It consists of a number of vertical pipes 7, of cast or wrought iron encased by an
iron mantle S, which can be covered with a non-conducting composition such as
asbestos or magnesia to prevent loss of heat. The pipes 7, are preferably sus-
pended from iron beams 9. The mantle carries a cover 10, which has a gas
outlet 11, and a number of inlets for feeding material into the vertical pipes 7.

page_text: The fuel is fed from the hopper 12, by the conveyor 13, through these inlets and
is distributed by means of cones 14. Usually there are two sets of such con-
veyors, inlets and cones. The space surrounding the vertical pipes 7, is closed
on the top by tightly fitting plates 15. At the lower end the space surrounding
the pipes 7, is left open, there being no plate. The gas passes through the space
in an upward direction. This space can be left open entirely from the bottom
to the top of the pipes; but for the better utilization of the heat, the arrange-
ment shown in the drawing is preferred. In the upper part there are horizontal
partitions 16, which force the gas to go upwards in a zigzag way.
One partition
is shown which has an opening 17, through which the gas passes. The cooled
gases are drawn through pipe 18, to suitable washing apparatus, not shown, for
absorbing ammonia. For the purpose of removing soot and tar from the vertical
pipes.7, the scraping arrangement is used, which is shown in Fig. 1, at 19 and
Figs. 2 and 3 on a larger scale. Horizontal rings 20, encircle the vertical pipes 7,
loosely and carry a number of scraping blades 21. Each set of blades and rings
is suspended by two or more chains 22, and has a horizontal arm 23, which
reaches through a slot, 24, on the horizontal shaft 25. This shaft can be moved
backwards and forwards by means of a lever 26, or by means of any suitable
. mechanical arrangement. Each movement of the shaft 25, turns the horizontal
arms and the sets of scraper blades. As this turning motion causes a twisting
of the chains 22, the set is lifted as it turns. For this reason the slots 24, and
the shafts 25, have to be sufficiently wide to allow the scrapers to rise. The
scraping arrangement has the great advantage, that it can be applied to pipes
of any diameter and length. It is intended to have sets of such scrapers between
each of the horizontal partitions. Scrapers can also be applied to the lower end
of the vertical pipes, and can be used in cases when there are no horizontal
partitions.
Having described the construction of the upper and middle parts of the appa-
ratus, we will now describe the part below the gas inlets 4.
This part, which is of considerable size, is used for the production of ammonia
from the nitrogenous constituents of the coke by the action of steam and also
for producing all or part of the steam thus required by cooling the coke with
water. The object is to treat the red hot coke with steam alone without diluting
the same with fuel gas. The steam is thus brought into longer and more inti-
mate contact with the coke than when it is diluted with gas. A further object
is to draw off the ammonia and water-gas formed by the action of steam
separately from the lower part of the furnace, so that it has not to pass the
hottest zone of the apparatus, where the destruction of ammonia might take place.
Water is introduced for cooling the coke and producing steam through radially
arranged pipes 27, which branch off from a main pipe, 28, encircling the furnace.
The steam produced rises in the apparatus, is gradually heated by meeting hot
coke, and acts on the nitrogenous constituents of the same with simultaneous
formation of ammonia and water-gas. These gases are drawn off through the
offtakes 29, into the annular channel 30. From this channel they are exhausted
through pipe 31, through a suitable washing apparatus for recovering ammonia.
As any suitable gas-exhauster and washer can be used for the purpose, these parts
are not shown in the drawings.
Steam is also introduced, from a boiler or another outside source, through the
radial pipes 32, which branch from the main pipes 33.
It is drawn downwards through the hot coke, and acts in the same way as
described, and the ammonia and water-gas leave the apparatus through offtakes 29,
and pipe 31.
For introducing steam or water there are further shown the radial pipes 34
and 32" branching off the main pipes 35, and 33".
The coking apparatus has a funnel shaped bottom 36, at the base of which are
sliding doors 37, supported on beams 38, worked by racks and pinions 39. The
toothed rollers 40, effect a regular discharge of the coke. Below the sliding

page_text: doors 37, are inclined screens 41, which separate the coarse and fine coke. The
coarse coke is automatically loaded into cars 42, and the fine coke is drawn or
run from the hopper 43, into car 44.
The coking apparatus is made of circular or rectangular section. The latter
has the advantage that the width of the column can be varied to suit different
coking materials. If the rectangular section is adopted a number of such appa-
ratuses can be built together in one block in a similar way to ordinary by-product
coke ovens. In such cases channels for injecting and taking off gases, and also
channels for introducing steam and water, are arranged in the sides of the coking
shafts.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-Coking material is elevated by
any suitable means into hopper 12, and is fed into the vertical pipes 7, by the
conveyor 13. In these pipes the material is heated and coked on the outside edge,
a hard crust of coke being formed in the vicinity of the metal. After passing out
of the lower end of the vertical pipes, 7, these crusts break up into lumps. The
passage of the gas is thus facilitated and a more even distribution over the
whole cross section is thus effected. Hot gases from a gas-producer or a suitable
oil furnace enter through pipe 4, into the annular channel 5, then through the
ducts 6, into the coking material. As the gas enters through the ducts with
considerable pressure it penetrates and rises upwards through the coking
material, rapidly coking the same. In the upper part the gases pass through the
spaces surrounding the vertical pipes 7, heat and partially coke the fresh fuel in
the pipes. For the purpose of bringing the gas into prolonged contact with the
pipes, the gas has to follow the course of the horizontal partitions in the upper
part. The vertical pipes are kept clean by giving the horizontal shafts 25, a
reciprocating movement. The action of the scraping arrangement has already
been described. It prevents coats of soot and tar forming on the pipes, and
reduction of the transmission of heat, which would the caused by such deposits.
Great advantages are its simplicity of action and that it can easily be applied,
when a number of horizontal partitions are used. After giving up its heat to the
vertical pipes, the fuel gas leaves through pipe 18, and is drawn through suitable
washers by means of exhausters, for the purpose of recovering ammonia and tar.
The gas, which is produced by the distillation of the material in the vertical
pipes, can be drawn off separately through pipe 11. It can be used as illuminat-
ing gas, or may be mixed with the fuel gas, which leaves the apparatus through
pipe 18.
The application of vertical pipes for heating and partially coking the material
removes the necessity of forcing the hot gases through fine fresh material, and
does away with the additional gas-pressure otherwise necessary for that purpose.
The withdrawal of coke from the bottom of the apparatus without escape of gas
is thus also facilitated. As previously explained the first step of partial coking
also improves the distribution of the hot gases during the second step of the
process.
As the coking material descends in the furnace it reaches gradually higher and
higher temperatures, and when it has reached the hot gas inlets the coking is
completed. As previously described steam or water is injected above through
pipes 33 and 33, and below the off takes through pipes 35 and 28.
The part of the apparatus in which the action of steam takes place is made of
considerable size, so as to obtain a prolonged contact and consequently a com-
plete decomposition of most of the steam and a high production of ammonia from
the nitrogenous compounds of the coke. As explained, it is an important feature
that the steam acts undiluted on the coke, and that it is thus in much longer
contact than if diluted with gas. If the temperature in the lower part of the
apparatus sinks too low for the action of the steam, it is of advantage to draw
some of the hot gas, which enters through the ducts 6, downwards through the
lower part of the apparatus. This can be done by increasing the draught on the

page_text: off-take 31. In such a case it is advisable to use the arrangement described and
claimed in another application of even date for withdrawing the steam produced
in the lower part of the apparatus and introducing it at a higher level, where a
higher temperature prevails. The water gas and ammonia formed by the action
of the steam on the coke can be withdrawn and conducted through a separate
washing apparatus or the arrangement shown in the other application of even
date can be used. The pipe 11, leading illuminating gas from the space above
the vertical pipes, the fuel gas pipe 18, and the water-gas pipe 31, can be con-
nected by a general main, which leads to a general washing plant for removing
ammonia and tar, and to a general exhauster. The suction on the three above
mentioned pipes can be regulated by means of valves in each pipe.
The coke is discharged through the bottom of the apparatus. The rollers 40,
effect a continuous discharge and crush the coke at the same time. The coke
rolls over the inclined screen, the coarse part rolls into the wagons, and the fine
part drops into the hopper 43, from which it can be discharged into wagons.
Instead of hot gases from an oil furnace or gas-producer, hot or cold air can
be blown into the apparatus, and the heat necessary for the coking can be pro-
duced by combustion of a small part of the coking material.
The apparatus can also be used for the production of cyanide in connection
with coke making, which process is subject of a previous application, Naef 7953/98
dated under International Convention 7th Sept. 97.
Although an improvement it is not an absolute necessity to use the first step
of the process and the upper part of the coking apparatus designed therefor.
The apparatus can be used for production of ammonia from substances contain-
ing nitrogenous compounds, which are acted upon by steam. Such substances
are heated in the upper part of the apparatus and are treated with steam in the
lower part in the same way as described. For reference we refer to Naef's Appli-
cations 7951/98 7952/98, 7953/98, dated under International Convention 7 Sept. 97.
It is obvious, that as the case may require, the general construction of the
apparatus may be varied to effect the best results in the process, without depart-
ing from the spirit of our invention.
New York, dated this 3rd day of June 1898.
PAUL NAEF.
RICHARD S. GARTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Producing Coke, Gas, and Bye-products.
PAUL NAEF, Ph.D., Chemical Engineer, and RICHARD STEPHEN GARTON,
Chemist, both of 372, W. 120th Street, New York, U.S.A., (formerly of No. 15,
3rd Avenue, New Brighton, S.I., New York, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture of coke,
heating and illuminating gases, ammonia, and other by-products.
One object is to provide a process and apparatus to produce coke in a single
apparatus in much larger quantities than has been done heretofore, so as to enable
the production of all the coke required by a blast furnace in a single apparatus
or in a small number of such plants.
Further objects of the invention are, to convert a large amount of the nitrogen
of the nitrogenous constituents of the coal, which are with ordinary coking pro-
cesses left in the coke, into ammonia without using a large excess of steam; to

page_text: тар
ture fuel and illuminating gases as by-products; to utilize the heat of
the red-hot coke for producing steam and superheating the same; to make the
coking of fuel, the recovery of ammonia from the nitrogenous constituents of the
coke, and the cooling, screening and loading of the coke automatic operations;
5 to avoid the forcing of the hot gases through fine fuel, and the pressure which
would be necessary for the purpose.
These results are obtained by supplying most of the heat necessary for the
coking by passing hot gases through the coking material.
The process consists of the following steps;-
The fuel or coking material is first partially coked in pipes. The second step
is a complete coking of the preheated and partially coked material, by conducting
hot gases through the same. The third step comprises the recovery of ammonia
from the nitrogenous compounds of the coke by steam and the generation of such
steam by injection of water with simultaneous cooling of the coke. The fourth
step comprises discharging, screening, and loading of the coke.
The invention relates also to the apparatus for carrying out the process.
The drawing Fig. 1, as filed with the Provisional Specification, shows a ver-
tical section of an apparatus for carrying out the process. The coking apparatus
consists of a shaft, I, of circular or rectangular section, encased with an iron
mantle, 2, and supported on columns, 3. Pipe, 4, conducts heated gases from a
gas producer or furnace, in which solid or liquid fuel is burned, into the annular
channel, 5, then through the ducts, 6, to the interior of the apparatus. The hot
gases, which consist mostly of carbonic oxide and nitrogen, and if oil is used as
fuel of hydrocarbons in addition, pass upwards through the partly coked material.
They rapidly coke the material and pass into the upper part of the apparatus,
which is constructed of metal. It consists of a number of vertical pipes, 7, of
cast or wrought iron encased by an iron mantle, 8, which can be covered with
non-conducting composition, such as asbestos or magnesia to prevent loss of
heat. The pipes, 7, are prefereably suspended from iron beams, 9. The mantle
carries a cover, 10, which has a gas outlet, 11, and a number of inlets for feeding
material into the vertical pipes, 7. The fuel is fed from the hopper, 12, by the
conveyor, 13, through these inlets and is distributed by means of
Usually there are two sets of these conveyors, inlets and cones.
cones, 14.
The space surrounding the vertical pipes, 7, is closed on the top by tightly
fitting plates, 15. At the lower end the space surrounding pipes, 7, is left open,
there being no plate. The gas passes through the space in an upward direction.
This space can be left open entirely from the bottom to the top of the pipes;
but for the better utilization of the heat the arrangement shown in the drawing
is prefered. In the upper part there are horizontal partitions, 16, which force
the gas to go upwards in a zig-zag way. One partition is shown, which has an
opening, 17, through which the gas passes. The cooled gases are drawn through
pipe, 18, to suitable washing apparatus, not shown, for absorbing ammonia
For the purpose of removing soot and tar from the vertical pipes, 7, the scraping
rrangement is used, which is shown in Fig. 1, at, 19, and in Fig. 2 and 3 on
larger scale. Horizontal rings, 20, encircle the vertical pipes, 7, loosely and
arry a number of scraping blades, 21. Each set of blades and rings is sus-
ended by two or more chains, 22, and has a horizontal arm 23, which reaches
hrough a slot, 24, on the horizontal shaft, 25. The shaft can be moved back-
ards and forwards by means of a lever, 26, or by means of any suitable mech-
nical arrangement.
Each movement of the shaft, 25, turns the horizontal arms and the sets of
raper blades.
As this turning movement causes a twisting of the chains, 22,
e set is lifted as it turns. For this reason the slots, 24, and the shafts, 25,
ave to be sufficiently wide to allow the scrapers to rise. The scraping arrange-
ent has the great advantage, that it can be applied to pipes of any diameter and
ngth.
It is intended to have sets of such scrapers between each of the horizontal par-

page_text: titions. Scrapers 'can also be applied to the lower end of the vertical pipes and
can be used in cases where there are no horizontal partitions.
Having described the construction of the upper and middle parts of the appa-
ratus, we will now describe the part below the gas inlets, 4.
This part, which is of considerable size, is used for the production of ammonia 5
from the nitrogenous constituents of the coke by the action of the steam and also
for producing all or part of the steam thus required by cooling the coke with
water. The object is to treat the red-hot coke with steam alone without diluting
the same with fuel gas. The steam is thus brought into longer and more inti-
A further object !
mate contact with the coke than when it is diluted with gas.
is to draw off the ammonia and water-gas formed by the action, of steam
separately from the lower part of the furnace, so that it has not to pass the
hottest zone of the apparatus, where the destruction of ammonia might take place.
Water is introduced for cooling the coke and producing steam through radially
arranged pipes 27, which branch off from a main pipe, 28, arranged round the
furnace. The steam produced rises in the apparatus, is gradually heated by
meeting hot coke, and acts on the nitrogenous constituents of the same with
simultaneous formation of ammonia and water gas. These gases are drawn off
through the off takes, 29, into the annular channel, 30. From this channel they
are exhausted through pipe, 31, through a suitable washing apparatus for recover-
ing ammonia. As any suitable gas-exhauster and washer can be used for the
purpose, these parts are not shown in the drawings.
Steam is also introduced from a boiler or another outside source through the
radial pipes, 32, which branch from the main pipe, 33.
It is drawn downwards through the hot fuel and acts in the same way as
described and the ammonia and water-gas leaves the apparatus through the off-
taker, 29 and pipe, 31.
For introducing steam and water there are further shown the radial pipes 34
and 32, branching off the main pipes 35 and 33"
The coking apparatus has a funnel-shaped bottom 36, at the base of which are
sliding doors, 37, supported on beams, 38, worked by racks and pinions, 39. The
toothed rollers, 40, effect a regular discharge of the coke. Below the sliding
doors, 37, are inclined screens 41, which separate the coarse and fine coke.
The coarse coke is automatically loaded into cars, 42, and the fine coke is
drawn or run from hopper, 43, into the car, 44.
The coking apparatus is made of circular or rectangular section. The latter
has the advantage that the width of the column can be varied to suit different
coking material. If the rectangular section is adopted a number of such ap-
paratuses can be build together in a block in a similar way as ordinary by-
product coke ovens.
In such cases channels for injecting and taking off gases, and also channels
for introducing steam and water are arranged in the sides of the coking shafts.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
Coking material is elevated by any suitable means into hopper, 12, and is fed
into vertical pipes, 7, by the conveyor, 13. In these pipes the material is heated
and coked on the outside edge, a hard crust of coke being formed in the vicinity
of the metal. After passing out of the lower end of the vertical pipes, 7, these
crusts break into lumps.
The passage of the gas is thus facilitated and a more even distribution over
the whole cross-section is thus effected. Hot gases from a gas-producer or a suit-
able oil furnace enter through pipe, 4, into the annular channel, 5, then through
the ducts, 6, into the coking material.
As the gas enters through the ducts with considerable pressure it penetrates
and rises upwards through the coking material rapidly coking the same. In
the upper part the gases pass through the spaces surrounding the vertical pipes, 7,
and heat and partially coke the fresh fuel in the pipes.
For the purpose of
bringing the gas into prolonged contact with the pipes, the gas has to follow

page_text: the course of the horizontal partitions in the upper part. The vertical pipes are
kept clean by giving the horizontal shafts, 25, a reciprocating movement.
The action of the scraping arrangement has already been described. It prevents
coats of soot and tar forming on the pipes and reduction of the transmission of
heat, which would be caused by such deposits. Great advantages are its sim-
plicity of of action and that it can easily be applied when a number of hori-
zontal partitions are used. After giving up its heat to the vertical pipes the
fuel-gas leaves through pipe, 18, and is drawn through suitable washers by means
of exhausters for the purpose of recovering ammonia and tar.
The gas, which is produced by the distillation of the material in the vertical
pipes can be drawn off separately through pipe, 11. It can be used as illumina-
ting gas, or may be mixed with the fuel gas, which leaves the apparatus througli
pipe, 18.
The application of vertical pipes for heating and partially coking the material,
removes the necessity of forcing the hot gases through fine fresh material and
does away with the additional gas-pressure otherwise necessary for that purpose.
The withdrawal of coke from the bottom of the apparatus' without escape of gas
is thus also facilitated. As previously explained the first step of the partial
coking also improves the distribution of the hot gas during the second step of
the process.
As the coking material descends in the furnace it reaches gradually higher and
higher temperature and when it has reached the hot gas inlets the coking is com-
pleted.
As previously described steam or water is injected above through pipes 33
and 3 and below the off-takes through pipes 35 and 28.
The part of the apparatus in which the action of steam takes place is made of
considerable size so as to obtain a prolonged contact and consequently a com-
plete decomposition of most of the steam and a high production of ammonia from
the nitrogenous compounds of the coke. As explained it is an important feature
that the steam acts undiluted on the coke and that it is thus in much longer
contact than if diluted with gas. If the temperature in the lower part of the
apparatus sinks too low for the action of the steam, it is of advantage to draw
some of the hot gas, which enters through the ducts 6, downwards through the
lower part of the apparatus. This can be done by increasing the draught on the
off-take 31.
In such cases it is desirable to use the arrangement described and claimed in
another application of even date No. 13164, for withdrawing the steam produced
in the lower part of the apparatus and introducing it a higher level where a
higher temperature prevails. The water-gas and ammonia formed by the action
of the steam on the coke can be withdrawn and conducted through a separate
washing apparatus, or the arrangement shown in Application No. 13164 of even
date can be used. The pipe 11, leading illuminating gas from the space above the
vertical pipes, the fuel gas pipe 18, and the water gas-pipe 31, can be connected
by a general main, which leads to a general washing plant for removing
ammonia and tar, and to a general exhauster. The suction on the three above-
mentioned pipes can be regulated by means of valves in each pipe.
The coke is discharged through the bottom of the apparatus. The rollers 40
effect a continuous discharge and crush the coke at the same time. The coke
olls over the inclined screen, the coarse part rolls into the wagons and the fine
part drops into the hopper 43, from which it can be discharged into wagons.
Instead of hot-gas from an oil-furnace or gas producer, hot or cold air can
be blown into the apparatus, and the heat necessary for the coking can be pro-
luced by combustion of a small part of the coking material.
The apparatus can also be used for the production of cyanide in connection
with coke-making which process is subject of a previous application 7953/98.
Although an improvement it is not an absolute necessity to use the first step
of the process and the upper part of the coking apparatus designed therefore.

page_text: The apparatus can be used for production of ammonia from substances contain-
ing nitrogenous compounds, which are acted upon by steam. Such substances
are heated in the upper part of the apparatus and are treated with steam in the
lower part in the same way as described. For reference we refer to Naef, Appli-
cation 7951/98 and the subdivided cases of that Application 7952/98 and 7953/98
Feb. 1, 1898.
It is obvious that as the case may require, the general construction of the
apparatus may be varied to effect the best results in the process without depart-
ing from the spirit of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that what
I claim is:
-
1.) The process of producing coke from fuel, which consists in first heating and
partially coking the fuel, afterwards conducting hot gas through the partially
coked material, the operations being carried on continuously and simultaneously
in the same apparatus.
2.) The process of producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in first
partially coking the fuel in the upper part of a shaft, afterwards conducting hot
gas through the partially coked material in the lower part of the shaft.
3.) The process of producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in first
heating and partially coking fuel, afterwards conducting incandescent gas through
the partially coked material, utilising the heat of the resultant combustible gases
for effecting the first heating and partial coking of the fuel, afterwards treating
said gases for the recovery of ammonia.
4.) The process of producing coke, gas and by-products, which consists in first
heating and partially coking fuel by external heat, afterwards conducting hot
combustible gases through the heated material and treating the resulting gases
for the recovery of ammonia, the operations being carried out continuously and
simultaneously.
5.) The process of producing coke and gas, which consists in first heating and
partially coking the fuel by external heat in pipes, conducting hot gases through
the material for complete coking, utilising the heat of the resulting gases by
circulating them round the pipes in which the fresh fuel is partially coked, and
treating them afterwards for the recovery of ammonia.
6.) The process of producing coke, gas and by-products from fuel, which con-
sists in coking the fuel in the upper part of a shaft, drawing off the resulting
gases from said upper part, treating the coke with steam in the part of the shaft
below the gas-inlets, drawing off the ammonia and water-gas formed by the action
of the steam from the lower part separately, the operations being carried on
simultaneously.
7.) The process of producing ammonia and gas from fuel, which consists in
coking fuel in the upper part of a shaft by conducting hot gases through the
same, drawing off the resulting gases for the recovery of ammonia, injecting
steam into the lower part of the shaft some distance below the gas-inlets and
water near the base of the apparatus, withdrawing the gas and ammonia produced
by the action of steam between these two inlets, part of the steam being drawn
downwards, the other part upwards through the coke.
8. The method of coking coal, which consists in conducting hot gas through
fuel in such a way, that the gas has not to be forced through fine fuel, but
through partially coked fuel, whereby the pressure is diminished and a better
distribution of gas is obtained.
9. The method of producing ammonia from coke and other substances contain-
ing nitrogenous compounds, which consists in heating the same in the upper
part of a shaft by injecting hot gas or air, treating the same with steam in the
lower part and drawing off the resulting gases from said lower part for the
recovery of ammonia.

page_text: 10. The process of producing coke, gas and ammonia, which consists in con-
ducting hot gas through fuel in the upper part of a shaft, treating the resultant
coke with steam in the lower part, draw so much of the hot gas downward
through the lower part to maintain a sufficient temperature for the action of the
steam.
11. The process for producing coke ammonia and gas, consisting of the follow-
ing steps, first heating and partially coking fuel by external heat, second, con-
ducting hot gas through the partially coked material and drawing off the result-
ing gases for the recovery of ammonia, third, treating the red-hot coke with
steam and draw off the resulting gases for the recovery of ammonia.
12. The arrangement for heating the fuel supplied to coking plants, consist-
ing of a system of vertical pipes suspended in the upper part of the apparatus,
means for feeding fuel into the pipes and means for circulating the combustible
gases from the coking plant along said pipes.
13. In an apparatus for transmitting heat through pipes, a scraping arrange-
ment, consisting of suspended sets of vertical or inclined blades, which encircle
the pipes, said sets of blades having a reciprocating movement.
14. In an apparatus for producing gas a system of pipes in combination with
one or more horizontal partitions dividing the space surrounding the pipes into
compartments and a set of scrapers on each pipe between the partitions.
15. In an arrangement for heating fuel supplied to furnaces, a number of ver-
tical pipes, horizontal plates closing off the spaces surrounding said pipes on top
and an arrangement for feeding material into said pipes.
16. In an apparatus for producing coke and gas the combination of an upper
part consisting of a system of pipes for preheating the fuel and a lower part for
coking the fuel, which descends from the pipes having means for conducting hot
gas through the same.
17. A coking apparatus comprising a top part for preheating and partly coking
the coking material by external heat, a middle part for coking the material
descending from the upper part by conducting hot gas through the same and a
lower part for treating the hot coke with steam for the production of ammonia.
18. An apparatus for producing coke, gas and by-products comprising a top
part consisting of a system of vertical pipes, a middle part having means for
introducing hot gas for coking the fuel descending from the pipes and a lower
part having off-takes for drawing off gas and means for introducing water below
and steam above said off-takes.
19. In apparatus for producing coke, gas and by-products a lower part forming
part of a continuous shaft having means for introducing steam and water into
said shaft, and means for withdrawing water-gas and ammonia from said shaft.
20. In a coking apparatus consisting of a continuous shaft, the combination of
the upper part for coking fuel and a lower part communicating with said upper
part, having means for introducing steam and water and means for withdrawing
water-gas and ammonia.
21. In a coking apparatus a lower part having a system of water-inlets near its
base, one or more systems of inlet-pipes for steam and water near the top of said
part and a system of gas off-takes between said upper and lower systems of inlets.
New York 372 W 120th Street dated 4th April 1800
PAUL NAEF, Ph.D.,
RICHARD STEPHEN GARTON,
Applicants.