CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS AND NUTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN METAL
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Berry, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING
BOLTS AND NUTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN METAL."
Sealed the 2nd April 1853, and dated the 23rd October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Berry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1852.
I, PHILIP BERRY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFAC-
TURING BOLTS AND NUTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN METAL," to be as
follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists of a machine for "rolling"
from bars or rods of iron the bolts or screw blanks, cutting them off to
the required length, and punching, pressing, or forming the heads of
the same.
The rolling is performed by means of a pair of grooved rollers. The
first set of grooves are so constructed as to form the head of the bolt,

page_text: leaving the bolt itself also square; the second set of grooves leave the
head and part of the bolt square, but roll that part round upon which
the screw or thread is to be cut. The bolts are then cut off to the
required length by a pair of cutters, the lower one being stationary, and
the upper one actuated by means of a crank pin and connecting rod.
The heads of the bolts are then pressed and finished by a die or
punch, brought down by means of a rack and pinion, or otherwise.
The second part of my Invention consists of a machine for cutting off
the nuts from a bar of suitable dimensions, pressing and punching the
holes through them. The cutting is performed by means of a cutter
brought down by means of a cam, and the pressing and punching the
holes is also completed by the same means, the whole being actuated
by means of a crank, of a crank or eccentric, and a connecting rod
or link.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Philip Berry in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd April 1853.
ΤΟ ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PHILIP BERRY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Philip Berry, Her especial license that I, the said Philip Berry, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Philip Berry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING

page_text: BOLTS AND NUTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN METALS," upon tho
condition; amongst others, that I, the said Philip Berry, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,.and in what manner.
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and' imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Philip Berry, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
My improvements in machinery or apparatus for manufacturing.
bolts and nuts and other similar articles in metal, relate principally,-
First, to a machine for rolling or forming the blank bolt (upon which
the screw is to be cut) from the heated bar of iron, cutting, off the
same, and punching or finishing the head. Secondly, my improvements
relate to a machine for cutting the blank nuts from a heated bar of
iron, compressing the same in a die or mould, and punching the hole
through the same, in which the thread is particularly to be chased or
formed for the reception of the screwed end of the bolt.
The machine for forming the blank bolts is constructed as follows:-
In the first place, I employ a pair of rollers having suitable recesses.
formed thereon according to the form and dimensions of the bolt to be.
manufactured. These rollers are coupled together by means of spur
wheels; and are caused to perform a certain portion of a revolution
(according to the length of the bolt) forwards and backwards by means
of a crank and connecting rod and lever. The first recess rolls the end
of the square bar into a lozenge form; the second recess forms-the bolt
square throughout, reducing the shaft of the bolt to a smaller square
than the head thereof; the third recess leaves the head and the square
part or neck of the bolt, and reduces the shaft or tail of tlie bolt to an
oval form; and the fourth rocess finishes the bolt to the form and.
size required, excepting: the lead, that being still a portion of the-
original square bar. The next operation is to cut the bolt off, leaving
thereon a sufficient length of the square bar to form the head; this is

page_text: performed by means of a sliding cutter and a fixed cutter, the sliding
cutter being brought down by means of a crank pin and connecting
rod. The final part of the operation is punching or consolidating the
head of the bolt; this is performed by means of a die and punch. The
bolt being placed in the die in a vertical position, the punch is forced
down by means of a lever actuated by a crank pin and connecting rod,
thus forming and finishing the head of the bolt. One half of the dio
is then withdrawn by means of a quick threaded screw moved by hand,
by means of a toothed quadrant and pinion, and the bolt is removed or
allowed to fall out of the die. The several parts of the machine are all
driven from one main shaft at the top of the machine, to which power
is communicated in any convenient manner. The several operations
must be performed quickly one after the other, before the temperature
of the bar becomes much reduced.
The machine for forming the nuts and pinching the holes therein
is constructed as follows :- Suppose the machine to be adapted for
forming hexagonal or six-sided nuts, the first part of the operation is
to cut off the end of the bar in a V shape, so as to form an angle
of sixty degrees, and to cut the bar partly through at a similar angle
reversed, the two angles of sixty degrees and the sides of the bar
forming a hexagon. These two operations are simultaneous, and are
performed by a pair of sliding cutters, which are brought down by
means of a lever actuated by means of a crank and connecting rod.
The end of the bar, with the nut thus partially formed, is then placed
over a die, into which it is forced and consolidated by means of a
hexagonal punch, which is brought down by means of the same lever
which works the cutters. Whilst the nut is thus consolidated in
the die, a circular punch is forced down quickly through the centre
of the said hexagonal punch, and drives out a circular piece through
the centre of the nut, thus forming the hole (in which the thread is
subsequently to be chased or formed) without the possibility of forming
a burr upon the edge of the same. The circular punch is actuated
by means of a lever and link, the end of the said lever being pro-
vided with a friction roller working between two cams. These two
cams are coupled together by means of spur wheels, and one of them

page_text: is furnished with a suitable projection, whilst the other has a corre-
sponding recess. A plunger in the bottom of the die then rises, forcing
the nut upwards out of the die, immediately after which a horizontal
lever pushes the nut off the machine. The plunger is worked by being
connected to the hexagonal punch by means of levers and a link; and
the horizontal lever is worked by means of an inclined plane, formed
upon a link attached to the lever which actuates the cutters.
The practical application of my Invention, and the mechanical details
of the apparatus, will be more clearly understood upon referring to the
two Sheets of Drawings accompanying these Presents, and the following
explanation thereof. Sheet 1, of the Drawings, illustrates my improved
apparatus for manufacturing screw bolts; and Sheet 2, represents my
improved apparatus for manufacturing the nuts for the same. Fig. 1,
is a back view of the machine; Fig. 2, a side elevation of the same,
shewn partly in section; and Fig. 3, is a front view of the same.
These Figures are drawn to a scale of about one inch and a half to
a foot; and similar letters of reference are placed upon corresponding
parts of the mechanism in all the Figures. a, a, is the main framing
of the apparatus; b, b, is the main driving shaft, supported in suitable
bearings; and c, is the main driving pulley. d, d, are the two grooved
rollers for rolling or forming the screw bolt blanks. These rollers d, d,
are supported in suitable bearings, and are connected or coupled
These rollers are caused
together by means of the spur wheels e, e.
to perform part of a revolution alternately backwards and forwards by
means of the lever f, the connecting rod 9, 9, and the crank h, upon
one end of the main driving shaft. It will be seen, upon referring to
Fig. 3, that the recesses or grooves 1, 1, form the end of the bar into a
lozenge shape; the recesses 2, 2, form the bolt square throughout,
leaving the head; the recesses 3, 8, leave the square part or neck
of the bolt, and form the shaft or tail of the same oval; and the
recesses 4, 4, form the shaft round, and leave it of the required
diameter. Fig. 4, and 4, shew two sections through the recesses 1, 1,
4,4; Fig. 4, shewing this part of the operation just commencing, and
Fig. 4, showing the same just completed. i, i, are adjustable stops,
to prevent the bar from being thrust in too far, and to determine

page_text: the length of the bolt. k, k, are the cutters, the lower one being
fixed, and the upper one being actuated by means of the crank
pin, and link m, m. n, n, is an adjustable stop to determine the
length to which the bolt is cut. o, o, are the dies (see also plan
view of the same, Fig. 5); and p, p, is the punch for forming the
head. This punch is brought down by means of the lever I, I,
vibrating upon a fulcrum at r, and actuated by means of the con-
necting rod 8, 8, and the crank pin t, attached to the spur wheel u, u.
The sliding half of the dic o, is moved as required by means of the
hand lever ; this lever is attached to a toothed quadrant 10, which is
geared with a pinion; the pinion x is keyed upon the end of a quick
threaded screw y which is connected to the sliding half of dic, and
works through a fixed nut z. The operation of this machine is as
follows: The end of the heated bar of iron is passed successively into
the recesses 1, 2, 3, 4, in the rollers d, d; it is then immediately
placed between the cutters k, k, the end thereof being against the
stop n. The upper
cutter then descends and cuts off the bolt, which is
then to be placed in the dies o, o, when the punch p, will immediately
descend and form the head of the bolt.
In Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Fig. 1 represents an end view, Fig. 2, 1
a front elevation, and Fig. 3, an elevation of the reverse end to Fig. 1,
of my improved apparatus for manufacturing nuts. a, a, is the main
driving of the apparatus; and b, b, is the main driving shaft supported
in suitable bearings. c, c, are the cutters. The cutter c is for cutting
off the end of the bar, and forming two sides of the nut; and the
cutter c*, for cutting the two opposite sides of the nut partially
through (see also Fig. 4, which is a plain view of this part of the
apparatus. The cutters are connected by means of a link d, d, to
a lever e, e, which vibrates upon a fulcrum at f, and is connected
to a crank g by means of a rod h, h. The crank g is keyed upon
the end of a shaft i, i, which is geared to the main driving shaft b, b,
by means of the spur wheels k, k, k. l, l, is the dic, over the orifice
of which the end of the bar is next placed; and m, m, is the
hexagonal punch, which presses the nut into the die 1, . This punch
is actuated by means of the teeth or projection ", ", upon the loss 3

page_text: of the lever e, e. The small circular punch o, o, which passes through
the centre of the hexagonal punch m, m, is connected by a link p, p,
to one end a lever q, q. This lever q, q, vibrates upon a centre
at r, and is furnished at its other extremity with a friction bowl s,
working between two cams t, t; these two cams are coupled together
by means of spur wheels, and are suitably formed for giving the
required rapid motion to the punch o, o. u, u, is the plunger for
forcing the finished nut out of the die, and is actuated by means of the
levers v, v, and link to, to. The lever for removing the nut from the
machine is represented nt ; it vibrates upon a centre at y, and is
actuated by means of an inclined plane formed upon the link z, z,
which is attached to the lever e, e, and is returned by means of a
spring. Fig. 5 is a plan view of the lever e, e, and its appendages.
The red lines in Fig. 2, Sheets 1, and 2, shew the extent of motion of
the various parts of both machines. I would here remark that it will
be evident that these machines may be readily adapted for forging other
similar articles in metal by suitably varying the form of the rollers,
punches, cutters, &c.
Having thus described the nature and object of my said improve-
ments in machinery or apparatus for manufacturing bolts and nuts and
other similar articles in metal, together with the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, I would remark, in conclusion, that
I claim as my Invention, the general construction and arrangement
I of the machinery as above described and shewn in the Drawings, or
any equivalent modification thereof, especially the rollers for forming
the screw bolt blanks, and the combination of punches for consolidating
the nuts, and at the same time rapidly punching the hole through
the same.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the
Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.