CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING MACHINERY, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, PETER
CLAUSSEN, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Tetters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of April,
in the tenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Peter Claussen, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority
that I, the said Peter Claussen, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Peter Claussen, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
MACHINERY, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING,"
being a communication; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that I, the said Peter Claussen, should cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
[Price 8d.]

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Peter Claussen, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully ascertained and
described in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of an improved method of effecting the rising and
falling of the heddles in plain or rectangular weaving, which is represented in
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the Drawings annexed. A, A, are two vertical levers
which are placed immediately under the leaves of heddles, and supported by a
framework B, of the form of the half of a square with one side open, through
slots in the top and bottom bars of which they work freely. These levers are
attached at top to the heddle leaves, and are limited in their up and down
range of action by the projection of the parts a, a; beyond the slots C, C, are
two friction pullies attached to the frouts of these levers, and D, D, guide
pullies which are attached to the back of the framework B, in order to
facilitate the rise and fall of the levers. Front and side views of the parts
A, A, and B, B, and their appendages are given separately in Figures 2
and 3. E is an excentric, of the peculiar form separately represented in
Figure 4, which is attached to a shaft placed a little to the rear of the line of
the heddles, and at such a distance from the friction pullies CC, that it shall
in revolving alternately actagainst and pass free of them, and thereby produce
an alternate rising and falling of the levers A, A. For example, when the
part F (see Figure 1) comes in contact with the pullies C, C, it causes
through these the heddle levers A, A, to descend, and before the part G is
reached the shedding of the web is affected, the shuttle thrown, the threads
crossed, and the shot struck home; but after passing G the excentric goes
free of the pullies, the levers remount, and the warp threads are slackened.
The shaft which carries the excentric E derives its motion from a toothed wheel
I attached to the end of it, which again is moved by a larger toothed wheel J,
which is turned by a pinion on the driving shaft H; the wheel J acts here
the part of a lever, and the larger it is the greater is the swiftness which it
imparts to the loom; the number of teeth which the wheel J carries is
immaterial. To prevent the breakage of the thread that occurs so frequently
in ordinary looms, I place the warp beam K behind the loom, and carry
upwards the thread from the under part of the beam over a pulley Li fixed
at the top of the loom, from which it descends and passes round a second
pulley M, placed nearly at the usual position of the beam, whence it is carried

page_text: across to the heddles. By this arrangement a high degree of elasticity is
imparted to the thread of the chain and the weaver is enabled to adjust the
threads without stopping the loom. The arrangements connected with the
cloth beam are shewn separately in Figure 1, Sheet 2, which is a view of
the loom on the side opposite to that represented in Figure 1, Sheet 1. A is
an excentric fixed on the driving shaft (H); B, a lever of unequal arms cen-
tered on the axis G of the ratchet wheel E, keyed to the shaft of the cloth
beam, from the short arm of which lever a weight F is suspended, which
leaves the other or long arm always free to be acted on by the excentric A as
it revolves. C, C, are two palls which are attached to the short end of the
lever B, and take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel E; and D, D, are two
other palls fixed to the cross rail of the loom, which take into the ratchet
wheel on the opposite side.
Secondly, my Invention consists of an improved self-acting temple for
keeping the web in plain or rectangular weaving stretched to its proper width
in the reed. Figure 2, Sheet 2, is a front elevation, and Figure 3 an end
view of this temple. It consists of a conical roller A, which is studied on its
outer surface with a number of small projecting pins a, a, and turns on a
spindle B; the strength of these pins, as well as the diameter of the cone, is
regulated by the quality of the fabric woven. The spindle B is attached to a
bracket C, which is fixed to the side of the frame of the loom by means of
pins D, D, which pass through a long slot E, so that the temple may be
adjusted to correspond with a temple of the same sort fixed upon the opposite
side of the loom, and the distance between them may be regulated according
to the width of the cloth. F, F, are two half rounded prongs, under which
the cloth or fabric is made to pass, and which serve to keep it down upon the
cone A, and so cause the teeth a, a, to take proper hold. If the cone A be
made to drop downward at its inner end, as shewn in the Dawing, and the
edge of the cloth be put upon it, then upon the cloth receiving a forward
motion in the machine, the roller A moves along with it, because of the
teeth a, a, taking hold of the cloth. As the point where these teeth first come
into contact with the cloth is nearer to the centre of the loom than the point
where they relinquish their hold of it, it follows that the drawing effect of
this temple depends chiefly on the diameter of the cone A, and the angle of
inclination given to its axis in reference to its corresponding or counterpart
upon the opposite side of the loom. Figure 4 is a cylindrical roller, which
may in some cases be substituted for the conical one.
'Thirdly, my Invention has relation to the class of looms known as circular
looms for weaving looped fabrics, and to that improved loom of this class for

page_text: which a Patent was granted on my behalf to Richard Archibald Brooman,
bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-five. Figure 1, Sheet 3, is a sectional elevation of a loom of this descrip-
tion, which differs from that described in the Specification of the Patent above
referred to in having the needles set in an upright position, parallel to each
other, and not radiating from one common centre; by which arrangement
goods of a much finer quality can be manufactured than has hitherto, to the
best of my knowledge, been done by any circular loom whatever. A is a
revolving spindle, to which motion is communicated from some moving power,
through the medium of the wheel B; C, C, are brackets, by which the loom
is supported; D, D, a circular ring of metal, which is attached to the spindle
A. To this ring D the needles a, a, are attached by the moveable segmental
pieces of metal E, E. F, F, are small blades of metal, by which the thread is
brought up under the barbs of the needles. These blades are raised up at the
proper place for performing this operation by means of a short inclined plane,
attached to the fixed framework. The feed wheel, the presser wheel, and the
pattern wheel are all similar to those made use of in the circular loom de-
scribed in the Specification of Richard Archibald Brooman. The cylinder of
the cloth however in this case passes up through the metal ring G (for, being
attached to a part of the framework by the arm H, it does not revolve), then
over the crutch-formed piece I, which is connected to the spindle A, next
over the friction rollers K, K, which assist in stretching out the web or
cylinder of cloth to a proper width, and to prepare it for being subsequently
wound upon the roller L, which is fixed in the frame M, M. Figure 2 is an
edge view of this frame (M, M,) and the parts attached to it for giving motion
to the roller I.; N is a fixed bracket, from which the frame M is suspended
by the bolt O, upon which it is free to turn; P is a small excentric wheel
fixed to O, which, as the frame M is turned round by the pressure of the
crutch-shaped piece I upon the two fluted or serrated rollers Q, Q, causes the
bar R¹ to be pressed outwards from the centre of the frame. The outer end
of this bar (R) is formed into an inclined plane, which slides upon another
inclined plane upon the end of the bar R³ (as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 2,
and in section in Figure 3,) which causes that bar to descend and turn the
ratchet wheel S, which, by the band T, winds up the cloth upon the roller L.
The helical spring U brings up the bar R2 after it has performed its parts in
the operation. In some cases I employ an apparatus for winding up the goods,
such as represented in Figure 4, Sheet 3. A, A is a semicircular hoop of
metal, which is bolted to the lower part of revolving portion of the loom,
and turns along with it; B, B, is a crutch-formed piece, with friction pulleys

page_text: C, C, over which the cylinder of woven materials is slipped; D, D, are a pair
of rollers, between which the cloth is then passed, and by which the crutched
piece B, B, gives motion to the frame E, E; Fis the roller upon which the
cloth is finally wound. Motion is given to the roller F as follows: G is a
toothed pinion, which is slipped upon an upright spindle H, to which spindle
the frame E, E, is fixed, and upon which it turns. The pinion G is fixed by
a stay I to the support K, whereby it is prevented from turning round, and
gears into another pinion L, which has its axis fixed to the frame E, E, so that
when the frame is turned round by the working of the loom, the pinion Lis
made to turn upon its axis, and give motion to the spindle M through the
intervention of the pitch chain N and pulleys O, O; P is an endless screw
pinion on the end of the spindle M, which turns the rollers D, D, which,
through the medium of the band Q, again turn the roller F, giving it the
degree of motion sufficient to wind up the cloth at the beginning of the opera-
tion. As, however, the diameter of the roller increases by the winding up of
the materials upon it, the slipping of the band Qadjusts the speed accordingly.
I prefer making this band of a length of metallic wire wound in a helical coil,
with the two ends joined to make it endless. When it is desired that the
strain produced upon the woven materials between the needles and the roller F
should be relieved, for the purpose of arranging any slipped loops, &c., the
whole of the frame E, E, and its appendages may be lifted up by putting the
foot upon the lever R, the spindle H being for this purpose left free to rise a
short distance.
In the circular looms which have been herein-before described, a feed
wheel, of the form represented in Sheet 4, may be adopted instead of those
which are described in the Specification of Richard Archibald Brooman, before
referred to, but it may be proper to observe that this new sort of wheel is more
particularly adapted to looms for weaving coarse fabrics. A, A, (Figure 1,) are
two discs of metal, in the body of which there are cut a number of slots a, a,
for the reception of hooks b, b, (one of which is shown separately in Figure 2).
These discs, (A, A¹,) are connected together with the intervening block B, by
the spindle C and nut D; E is a disc of metal, which lies close upon the
top of A, and is at one side bent upwards so as to form a double inclined plane
F, as clearly shown in Figure 3; this disc (E) is attached to the framework of
the loom by the projecting lug G; H is a cam, a plan of which is given in
Figure 4, and a cross section in Figure 5, which is fixed to the framework by
a lug I; K³ is the feed wheel, which is shewn in its complete state in Figure 6;
both the disc E and cam H are so placed on the spindle Cas to allow of the
latter turning freely round with all the partsconnected to it, namely, the discs
A and A, the nut B, the hooks b, b, and the wheel K; the wheel K gears

page_text: into another toothed wheel upon the revolving part of the loom, so that
according as the loom revolves, the discs A,A¹, and the hooks b, b, also revolve.
(Instead of the wheel gearing into the other toothed wheel on the revolving
part of the loom, it may be made to gear into the butt end of the needles
themselves, which will serve the same purpose). The office of the hooks b, b,
is to bring the thread within the barbs of the needles, which they effect in the
following manner :-The spaces between the hooks b, b, and the degree of
velocity given to the wheel K, are so proportioned to the distance between the
needles, that when the loom and feed wheel revolve together there is a hook
between every two needles; again the hooks b, b, have each at the upper end
a recess c, which takes hold of the edge of the disc E, whereby such of them as
come upon
the inclined plane F, F, are drawn up, by which action the thread
is deposited within the barbs of the needles; the moment this has been
accomplished the cam H causes the hooks to be raised up from the thread,
which is then left duly placed in its proper position.
Another form of circular loom, but differing materially in some points
of construction from those herein-before described or referred to, is repre-
sented in Figure 1, Sheet 5, and Figure 1, Sheet 6, of the Drawings
annexed; the former being a sectional elevation, taken on the line a, b,
of the latter, which is a plan of the machine. Like the circular loom
described in the Specification of Richard Archibald Brooman, this con-
sists of two circular metallic rings or frames, mounted upon a common
spindle A, which is securely attached to a beam, or some other fixed
point over head, so that it cannot turn round; the two rings or frames B, B
and C, C, have each a set of radial arms B1, B1, and. C¹, C¹, and central,
bosses B and C³, by which they are connected to the spindle A ; the upper of
these rings or frames (B, B,) is made fast to the spindle A by the screws c, c,
so that it cannot then turn round, and it serves therefore as a fixed foundation
or platform, to which all the parts that do not rotate around the spindle A are
attached, but the lower ring or frame C, C, is free to turn round upon the
spindle, being kept in its proper place by means of a nut D; e, e, e, are the
needles, which are secured to the frame C by means of a series of segmental
pieces E, E, which are made in short lengths for the convenience of replacing
broken needles; in order that these pieces may be removed at pleasure they
are attached to the frame O by screws F, F, only. n, n, are a set of small
plates ("platines") of thin metal, the number of which corresponds with the
number of needles in the loom, that is to say, there is between each pair of
needles one of these plates, so that the needles and plates alternate with each
other; these plates rest loosely at their lower ends upon a flange G, G, which
projects from the lower edge of the frame C, C, and are prevented from

page_text: slipping off the flange by a ring f,, in which there are slots or openings cut
to correspond with the number of plates, being no otherwise connected to the
frame C than by the rest which it affords to them, it being essential that they
should be at liberty to be easily brought into the position indicated by the
dotted lines on the right-hand side of the sectional elevation of the loom,
Sheet 5. H, H, is a circular ring of metal, which, in its cross section, presents
the form of three sides of a rectangle, with a small flange 9, 9, projecting
inwards from the outermost of its three sides; this ring is suspended from the
upper and fixed frame B, B, (and therefore, like it, stationary, by the pro-
jecting pieces I, I, and small pillars K, K. h, h, are a set of hooks, the
number of which, like the plates n, n, corresponds with that of the needles,
there being one of them in front of each of the plates n, n, and immediately
over the spaces between the needles; these hooks are supported at one end by
the innermost of the three sides of the circular ring H, H, and at the other
by the projecting flange q, q, which takes into a small recess in the ends of the
plates, out of which the hooks are formed. L, L, is another ring or strip of
metal, which is fixed to the ring H, H, by small brackets and screws i, i, the
use of this ring L being to keep the outer ends of the hooks against the
flange g,g. On reference to the plan it will be seen that the strip of metal
L,L, is not exactly circular, but diverges at certain parts of its circumference
so as to act after the manner of a cam; the outline of the flange g,g, exactly
corresponds with that of the cam piece L, L. M, M, is a third circular ring,
somewhat of the sectional form of H, H, the outermost of the three sides of
which is formed at top into a toothed wheel k, k; it rests at bottom upon the
friction pulleys, l, of which there are six disposed at equal distances around
the ring H, H,) and is thus free to turn round within H, H. m, m, are two
of another set of friction pulleys, which bear upon the outside of the ring M, M,
and serve to keep it revolving in its proper position upon the lower set of
friction pulleys l, l; the two perpendicular sides M' and M of the ring M, M,
are slotted out for the purpose of receiving the hooks h, h, there being a
separate slot in each of these two sides M¹ and M² for each hook, so that
when the ring M, M, is turned round it carries the hooks along with it; N, N,
are the feed wheels, which are attached to the fixed frame B, B, by a bracket
and screws, O, O; views on an enlarged scale of oue of these feed wheels are
given separately in Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3. A³ is the driving wheel which
gears into the portion of the needles inserted into and resting upon the frame
C, C, the needles being thus made to perform the office of a toothed wheel;
Bs is a wheel upon the same spindle C³, which gears into a pinion D³, which is
attached to one of two serrated or toothed rollers E' and E, between which

page_text: rollers the thread is made to pass, as indicated by the red lines in Figure 6;
the roller E5 is centered upon a bell-crank lever, which is commanded by the
thumb screw Fs and spring G³, so that it may be brought closer to or pushed
further from E, and so regulate the distance between them, according to the
size of the thread which is being fed into the loom. The manner of working
this loom is as follows:-P is a crank handle which is affixed to a spindle R, on
which spindle are two teethed pinions S and T. The pinion S gears into the
teeth of the wheel k, k, whereby the ring H, H, and the hooks h, h, are made
to revolve, and the spindle T gears into a toothed wheel U, which is affixed to
or a part of the lower or revolving frame C, whereby that frame, and the
needles, together with the plates ("platines") n, n, are made to revolve. The
diameters of the pinions S and T are so proportioned to the sizes of the wheels
kand w, that when motion is communicated to them by turning the handle P,
both the revolving frame C, which carries the needles, and the revolving ring
M, move with the same angular velocity, so that the needles e, e, and the hooks
h, h, keep always in the same interposed and alternating position. The same
action, namely, the turning of the handle P, which causes the needles and the
hooks to revolve round the central spindle A, causes the needles to make the
pinion A³ of the feed wheel revolves together with the feed rollers E4 and E5,
which draws the threads from off the bobbins v, v, and lays them upon the
upper sides of the needles at a short distance inwards from the barbs, and
within the range of the hooks h, h. A little in advance of the point where the
threads are thus laid upon the needles, the hooks h, h, are made to advance
towards the centre of the machine by the combined action of the flange g, 9,
and the slip of metal or cam L, L. When the hooks h, h, have by these means
just arrived at their shortest distance from the centre of the machine (bring
them some distance over the threads which had been previously deposited upon
the needles by the feed wheel), they are allowed to fall down at their inner or
hooked ends, and lay hold of the threads which the inner side H of the
ring H, H, being cut away at that part to allow of this falling down of the
hooks. From the point at which this takes place, which is marked X in
the Drawing, the hooks are gradually drawn backwards by the cam or slip of
metal L, L, which draws the threads under and into the barbs of the needles.
Supposing a portion of web had been previously formed, it would have been
suspended from the needles by the last-formed row of loops, and the position
occupied by these loops at the part of the machine which is now in the course
of being described, that is, a little in advance of the point markedX), would be
close in front of and on the outer side of the plates ("plattins.") Now, beyond
this point, the revolution of the needles and of the other rotating parts of the

page_text: machine brings the barbs of the needles under the presser wheel W,while at
the same instant the upper ends of the plates ("plattens ") n,n, come in con-
tact with the guide piece p, which causes the loops of the last-formed row
of the web to be pushed outwards over the barbs of the needles. Both the
presser wheel W and the guide piece 13 are attached to the fixed frame B by
small bolts and adjusting screws, as shewn in the Drawings, by which their
action can be so adjusted that they shall come into play at the proper instant
of time. The guide piece p continues its action upon the plates ("platines")
n, n, until the loops are pressed fairly over the ends of the needles, that is, until
it has thrown the loops of a preceding operation fairly off the needles, but left
the newly-formed loop within the barb of the needle. In order still further to
ensure this latter part of the operation, namely, the throwing-off of the pre-
viously-formed loop, there is a doffing disc 1, which presses upon the very ends
of the needles, and meets them in such an inclined position as to press over
any loop that may have remained upon them in consequence of missing, to be
thrown off by the plates n,n. The new row of loops thus formed then comes
into contact with two toothed pressing wheels s, s, which are attached to
brackets on the fixed ring H, H, by which the work is pressed back upon
the needles and a way cleared for a repetition of the operation which has
just been described. In so far as the operation of the loom has been
described, it has been traced through only one quarter of a revolution; but
the same operation may be repeated in each of the other quarters of the
entire revolution of the revolving frames, so that thereby four rows of loops
will be formed in one entire revolution. Of course the number of rows
thus formed at one turning of the machine may be varied according to
the size of the loom, and other circumstances dependent on the will of the
constructor. Pattern wheels of any of the kinds described in the Specifica-
tion of Richard Archibald Brooman, before referred to, may be used for the
pressing wheels; and threads of cotton or wool or silk may be used singly or
combinedly in the formation of each row of loops, or alternating rows of
different materials may be made use of according as fancy may dictate. In the
circular looms which I have herein-before described, I have shewn the needles
radiating outward from a common centre, and also standing in an upright
position, but I desire to be understood, that I do not restrict myself to
employing them in such positions, because by obvious and slight alterations
the needles may be placed in others, which would answer nearly if not quite
as well. For example, they might be so placed as to radiate with the barbs
pointing inward towards a common centre, that is to say, in a position the.
reverse of thatin which they are represented in the circular loom described in.

page_text: the Specification of Richard Archibald Brooman, before referred to; or they
may be put with the barbs of the needles pointing downward, which would be
the reverse of the position which they occupy in the circular loom first herein-
before described; or the needles might be placed more or less inclined, with
their barbs inclining either outward from the perpendicular line or inclining
towards the centre of the axis upon which the loom turns; in all which cases
the means employed to feed the thread into the needles, the pressing wheels,
and the pattern wheels, would be the same as those which have already been
described. When, however, the needles point directly downward or are placed
more or less at an angle inclining downward from the horizontal line, then
the web or cylinder of woven cloth will most conveniently be wound on below
the weaving parts of the machine. Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 7, shew
different positions in which the needles may be placed in reference to the
spindle A. In Figure 1 they are shewn with the barbs pointing upward, in
Figure 2 downwards, and in Figures 3 and 4 inclining outward and inward
(at any desired angle of inclination). Instead also of the needles being fixed
and the hooked plates being moveable, as has just been described described,
the hooked plates may be fixed and the needles made moveable, the cams or
rings acting in that case upon the needles and leaving the hooked plates at
rest.
Fourthly, my Invention has relation to machinery for preparing the mate-
rials to be woven in looms of all sorts. Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 8, repre-
sent a winding and dressing machine embracing the improvements which
constitute this part of my Invention. Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2
a plan of the machine. The bobbins, instead of being laid in a horizontal
position as in other machines, are here placed in an upright position, by which
a greater number ofthem are more conveniently arranged in less space. A, A,
are the reels; D,D, the paste roller; and d, the trough or case containing the
paste; 2, 3, 3, are small pieces of cloth or leather placed upon the side of the
trough d, which are placed in a narrow cut or groove made for that purpose.
The thread or yarn to be dressed, in passing between the folds of these pieces
of cloth or leather, is freed from the greater part of the superfluous paste or
dressing adhering to its surface, which is returned again into the trough d.
E is the revolving brush, which is made in the form of a cylinder; G,G, the
bobbins; H, H, the revolving spindle and wheels by which the bobbins are
made to revolve; L,L, are two heart wheels or cams for causing the bar F
to rise and fall, and so regulate the distribution of the thread upon the bobbins;
m, m, is a fixed bar which keeps the threads upon the revolving brush; I, the
fan. In this machine I employ a fixed brush Es placed under the revolving

page_text: brush E, and by which the latter is freed from the greater portion of waste
dressing, as it accumulates thereon. A similar addition may be made with
equal advantage to other winding and dressing machines.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that the improvements which
I claim as constituting my said Invention are as follows :-
First, I claim the improved method of effecting the rising and falling of the
heddles in plain or rectangular weaving, before described.
Second, the improved mode of arranging the warp beam and cloth beam
of plain or rectangular weaving looms, before described.
Third, the self-acting temple, before described.
-
Fourth, the improved circular loom for weaving looped fabrics first herein-
before described, in the general arrangementand combination of parts peculiar
thereto, that is to say, in so far as regards the vertical position given to the
needles and the adaptation of the various parts of the loom to such vertical
position.
Fifth, the feed wheel with hooks, before described, whether employed as
part of the improved circular loom last herein-before claimed, or as part of
any other machine for weaving looped fabrics.
Sixth, the improved circular loom secondly herein-before described, in the
general arrangement and combination of parts peculiar thereto, that is to say,
in so far as regards the employment of hooks revolving along with the needles,
and the new parts and new adjustments connected with and necessary for
such employment.
Seventh, the employment, in circular loom weaving generally, of the winding-
up apparatus employed in connection with the first of the improved circular
looms herein-before described.
And eighth, the improvements in the mode of preparing the materials to be
used in weaving, embodied in the improved dressing and winding machine,
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Claussen, have hereunto set iny
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
PETER (L.B.) CLAUSSEN.
Inrolled the same Fifteenth day of October, in the year above written.