IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROUND PAINT AND OTHER BRUSHES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Russum, of Leeds, in the County of York, Brush
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ROUND PAINT AND OTHER BRUSHES."
Scaled the 8th April 1879, and dated the 10th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Russum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th October 1878.
GEORGE RUSSUM, of Leeds, in the County of York, Brush Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROUND PAINT AND OTHER BRUSHES."
The object of this Invention is to improve the quality of that class of round
brushes which is known in the trade as forked tools, and at the same time to effect
an economy in their manufacture.
These brushes are ordinarily made by setting a cemented bundle of bristles
between the prongs of a wooden handle, and laying a binding string around
the handle and up to and near the points of the prongs. To ensure a good hold of
the bristles, it is necessary to cover a good length of the bristle by the binding
string, and even then the liability of the bristles to come out is very great. To
ensure a firm setting of the bristles in the handle, I propose, in the first place, to
bind the bunch of bristles with string, in addition to cementing the same, before
inserting the bristles in the bandle; and the handle I form in a novel manner, that
is to say, I turn in the end of the handle a socket to receive the bristles, and on the
periphery of the handle, at the socket end, I form a shallow rebate to receive the
binding string. I then chamfer off the opposite sides of the socket down to near
Povice B 1

page_text: the flat bottom thereof, so as to leave a shallow socket for the cylindrical bunch of
bristles, and two prongs curved on their internal periphery.
In the walls of the socket I make transverse saw cuts in order to allow of the
walls yielding to the pressure of the external binding string, and thereby tightening
in it the bunch of bristles. The bunch of bound bristles, when fitted into the
socket, I proceed to secure in place by applying a binding string in the ordinary
manner. The round brush thus completed will possess more durability than the
brushes manufactured in the ordinary manner, and an important saving will be
effected both in respect of the length of bristle used to produce a brush of a given
degree of elasticity, and in the cost of making the handle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Russum in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th April
1879.
GEORGE RUSSUM, of Leeds, in the County of York, Brush Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROUND PAINT AND OTHER BRUSHES."
The object of this Invention is to improve the quality of that class of round
brushes which is known in the trade as forked tools, and at the same time to effect
an economy in their manufacture.
These brushes are ordinarily made by setting a cemented bundle of bristles
between the straight prongs of a wooden handle, and laying a binding string around
the handle and up to and near the points of the prongs. To ensure a good hold of
the bristles, it is necessary to cover a good length of the bristle by the binding
string, and even then the liability of the bristles to come out is very great. To
secure a firm setting of the bristles in the handle, I propose, in the first place, to
bind the bunch of bristles with string, in addition to cementing the same, before
inserting the bristles in the handle; and the handle I form in a novel manner to
receive this round bundle, whereby I obtain a firmer hold on the bristles than here-
tofore, and do not therefore require to insert the bristles in the handle to the depth
which is commonly thought necessary to secure them firmly in place.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 shews in side view the handle of a
forked tool as ordinarily constructed. The inner faces of the prongs a, a, of the
fork are flat, the wood that is removed in forming the prongs being severed from
the prongs by saw cuts. The space for the reception of the bristles is therefore an
irregular figure, and a cylindrical bundle of bristles, if placed therein, would not
fit in the space required to be filled. In order to provide for the insertion of a
bound bunch of bristles into the tool handle, I form the handle in the manner shewn
in side and plan views at Figure 2, that is to say, I turn in the end of the handle a
socket of any desired depth to receive the bristles, and on the periphery of the
handle, at the socket end, I form a slallow rebate, as at b, b, to receive the binding
string; I then chamfer off the opposite sides of the socket down to near the flat
bottom thereof, so as to leave a shallow socket for the cylindrical bunch of bristles,
and two prongs a, a, curved on their inner faces.
In the walls of the socket I may in some cases make transverse saw cuts, as at
c, c, in order to allow of the walls yielding to the pressure of the external binding
string, and thereby tightening in the socket the bunch of bristles.
Fig. 3 shews a forked tool handle made according to my Invention, and fitted
with a round bunch of bristles & bound securely by a string e, and cemented in
place. The bunch of bound bristles, when thus fitted into the socket, I proceed to
secure in place by applying a binding string in the ordinary manner, and I thus
produce a forked tool similar to that shewn at Fig. 4. The round brush thus com-
pleted will possess more durability than the brushes manufactured in the ordinary
manner, and an important saving will be effected both in respect of the length of
bristle used to produce a brush of a given degree of elasticity, and in the cost of
making the handle.
The saving in the length of bristles used will vary slightly with different sizes of
brushes, but, as a guide, it may be stated that one-eighth of an inch less insertion
will be required than heretofore in constructing a medium sized forked tool. In
place of using string for a binder, I may employ wire when thought desirable.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in the
Manufacture of Round Paint and other Brushes," and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in

page_text: part recited Letters Patent I claim, forming the handle of round brushes as shown
at Figures 2, and securing therein a bound bunch of bristles, in the manner and for
the purpose above described.
In witness. whereof, I, the said George Russum, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.