Improvements in Grinding, Kibbling, and Mixing Machinery.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th June, 1890-Accepted, 2nd Aug., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Grinding, Kibbling, and Mixing Machinery.
I, THOMAS BREAKELL of Prestwich Park, Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The object of my invention is improvements in mills for grinding, kibbling,
and mixing mineral, chemical, vegetable, and other substances, and has reference
principally to the disc and rubbers or grinding arms combined as shown in accom-
panying drawings. This disc is constructed of cast iron, steel, or any other suitable
material, and together with the attached grinding arms or pieces revolves within a mill
ring of steel, which ring is fixed in a suitable casing. The grinding arms or pieces
are connected with the disc by a bolt or by any other means which will allow them to
move to some extent as on a hinge the object of this being that as the grinding faces
become worn they may still be kept in contact with the fixed steel ring, either by the
action of centrifugal force or by means of a spring of indiarubber or steel which is
let into, or otherwise affixed to the rim of the disc between it and the grinding arms
or pieces, and which spring exerts a pressure on the grinding arms sufficient to keep
them in contact with the ring.
The grinding arins or pieces may be made of cast iron or steel in one entire piece,
but preferably as shown in accompanying drawings, of cast iron with a renewable
steel face, bolted or otherwise affixed to the outer surface.
The steel ring is fixed into the casing, and is made up of so many pieces as may be
found desirable. The outer surface of the grinding arms and the inner surface of the
steel ring may be smooth or may be formed with transverse hollows, or furrows, or
with a number of holes in them for the purpose of taking a better grip on the material
to be ground, and the ring may be made either as a plain ring of steel, constructed of
four equal pieces, or it may be hollow or concave on its inner surface, in which case
the grinding arms or pieces would be made of a convex form on their outer surfaces.
In some cases it may be found desirable to use a series of two or more discs, with
their attached grinding arms or pieces combined in one casing, which casing will be
made of length sufficient to contain the necessary fixed steel ring to each disc.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1. is a vertical elevation parily in section.
:
Fig. 2. is a transverse section of a mill constructed according to my own invention.
1 is the casing which in this case is made of sheet and angle iron but may be
made of other suitable material. 2 is the seive or grating attached to the front of the
casing by a hoop of wrought iron 4.-3 are the holding down bolts. 5 is the disc
with the attached grinding arms 7, which may be of any number from one upwards,
as may be found convenient. The grinding arms 7, are connected with the disc 5, by
the bolts or pins 8, or by other suitable means, and have each on their outer surfaces
a face of steel 15, which is held in its place by the taper-headed bolts 10, or any other
suitable attachment. 9 shows the position of the springs of indiarubber or steel which
are let into the rim of the disc 5, and which keep the grinding arms or pieces
constantly pressed against the steel ring 6 which steel ring is fixed to the casing by
the taper-headed bolts 11.-14 is the hopper for feeding; 13 is a water-tight stuffing
box; 12 is the fly wheel. It will be seen that there is a small space between the
loose end of the grinding arms 7, and the rim of the disc 5; this allows the grinding
arms to "give" a little when any material is being ground which is of so hard a
nature as not to be reduced to a powder easily; but as at the same time the spring 9,
exerts a pressure in the opposite direction, the consequence is that a crushing action
in addition to a rubbing action is brought to hear upon the material.

page_text: In a machine constructed as in Figs. 1 and 2, the material to be ground, having
been broken to a suitable size, is fed into the hopper 14, with the requisite amount
of water and when ground fine enough, is carried through the sieve 2 by the action
of the water. In the case of dry grinding another description of casing would be
required, and the ground material would be withdrawn from the machine to be
sieved.
It may also be removed by the action of a current of air in the ordinary way. I do
not claim any special improvements in the casing of grinding mills, but my invention
relates to the grinding portion of the apparatus.
Figs. 3, 4, 5, shew the form of the disc and attached details, more particularly;
5 being the disc, 9 the holes into which the spring of indiarubber 9 fits, 8 are the
holes by which the grinding arms are connected with the disc by means of a bolt
or pin.
S are
Figs. 6, 7, 8 & 9 are different views of a grinding arm. Fig. 6 being a front end
view. Fig. 7 a side view, Fig. 8 a back end view, and Fig. 9 a bottom view.
the holes into which the pins which connect the arms to the disc are placed. Fig. 7
is the cast iron portion of the grinding arm, and 15 the renewable steel face which in
this case is smooth on its outer surface, but may be made with transverse hollows
across it, in which case the inner face of the steel ring 6 (Figs. 1 & 2) would be made
with similar hollows, or it may be made with a number of holes, through or partly
through it, in which case the steel ring would be made with similar holes; 10 is
the taper-headed bolt which fastens the steel face 15 to the grinding arm 7.
Although in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9, I have explained and shewn very fully tho
form of disc and grinding arm which I preferably employ, it is not to be understood
that I confine myself to this form, any other form of disc combined with grinding
arms, connected to the rim of the disc working in a fixed steel ring which will work
in a similar manner to those described, may be used. For instance the form of hinge
at 8 may be varied without departing from the principle of my invention, as also
may be the spring 9" which as shewn in the drawings is a solid cylinder of india-
rubber, but may be a spiral or flat steel spring. The disc may be dispensed with,
and the neccessary connection to rotate the grinding arms or pieces, may be made
as shewn in Fig. 10 where the arm or projection 16 carries the piece 7. The pivot 8
may be also superceded by the method shown in Fig. 11 where the grinding piece 7
fits in a slot or recess on the disc and is forced out by a spring of any desired
type or the pivot 8 may be replaced by a flat spring as shown in Fig. 12.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
(1.) In machinery or apparatus for grinding, kibbling and mixing mineral,
chemical, vegetable and other substances, the use of one or more grinding arms,
rubbers, or pieces, rotated from a central shaft, and pressed against the internal
surface of a fixed metal or steel ring by spring or otherwise, substantially as
hereinbefore described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(2.) In machinery or apparatus for grinding, kibbling and mixing mineral,
.chemical, vegetable and other substances, the use of one or more grinding arms,
rubbers or pieces rotated from a central shaft, & pressed against the internal surface
of a fixed metal or steel ring by centrifugal force, substantially as: hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(3.) The combination of parts forming a grinding machine or apparatus consisting
of a disc 5, arms 7, ring 6, and casing 1 as shewn in the accompanying drawings
Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive.
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.