IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRI- BUTING TYPES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Iuray, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRI-
BUTING TYPES." A communication from abroad by John North, of Middletown,
Connecticut, United States of America.
Sealed the 1st July 1879, and dated the 9th January 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1879.
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JOHN IMBAY, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING TYPES." [A communication from
abroad by John North, of Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in machines for distributing types.
Types are ordinarily distributed in two
** cases or shallow trays, one of which,
called the lower case, is sub-divided into various sized boxes" or compartments
for the reception respectively of the different small letters, punctuation points,
numerals, spaces, quadrats, and other types; the other, or upper case, being
divided by a central transverse wall or bar, into two equal parts, which are sub-
divided into small square boxes or receptacles, those on one side of the central
bar being for the reception of capital letters, and those on the other side are for
Small capitals, certain boxes in both divisions being devoted to types for various
signs, dashes, and reference marks. In composing types they are lifted from these
eases or trays by the right hand, and placed in a shallow receptacle called a
**stick, held in the left hand of the compositor, and arranged in rows, which are
afterwards made up into pages, columns, or forms. After printing the types are
again distributed into the cases and its subdivisions to be available for subsequent
use. This distribution is ordinarily performed by hand, involving considerable
time and labour. Types are also composed by machines, which select the letters
From suitable cases, into which the types after being used are distributed to bo
ready for composing again. Attempts have been made to effect the distribution of
types by machinery, but great difficulties attend its accomplishment, and machines
for this purpose are so complicated and liable to derangement as almost to preclude
their use for practical purposes.
The object of this Invention is to overcome these difficulties and distribute types
automatically from a column, page, or series of lines into the separate channels or

page_text: subdivisions of a case or receiver ready, for use in a composing machine, or from
which they can be readily transferred to an ordinary type case for composing by
hand. For this purpose the types are made with notches or recesses cut in their
edges, the type for each letter or character being notched differently from all others,
each corresponding with a particular hole or ward, through which it must pass in
the process of distribution.
The machine has a table, on which is placed the form to be broken up and
distributed, there being placed on each side of it a separating box, divided by
partitions into a number of channels, each partition and channel being the
width of a row of type, and the partitions of the one separating box being in
line with the channels of the other. A number of pusher rods are thrust
forwards, one on each side, so as to push cach alternate row of the types into the
channels of the separating boxes, one row being pushed into the box on the right,
the next row into the box on the left, and so on alternately. The pusher rods being
retracted the two separating boxes are advanced along the table to a position
where they lie one on each side of the receiving box, which is divided by partitions
into as many different channels as there are different kinds of type, one channel
being appropriated to each type. The sides of this receiving box are partitions
having through them holes made with suitable projections so as to constitute
differently shaped wards, one to suit the notches of each type. Outside the sepa-
rating boxes on either hand there are a number of pistons worked by compressed
air in cylinders, each piston having a rod which operates as a pusher on the row of
type facing it in the separating box. The receiving box is made to have a step by
step motion to and fro, each step bringing a fresh channel in it to face one of the
rows of type in the separating boxes. When, after making each of its step move-
ments the receiving box rests for a short interval of time, the air piston pushers
advance, and if it happens that the end type of any row in either separating box
fits the ward of the receiving box facing it that type is pushed into the receiving
ibox. When the receiving box makes its next step the like action takes place, and
thus the box being moved backwards and forwards so that each of its wards is
presented in its turn repeatedly to every one of the rows of type in the separating
xox, the types are successively pushed each into its proper channel in the receiving
box. The step by step movement is given by the action of pawls on ratehet racks
on the under side of the receiving box, these pawls being arranged so that when
the box has moved to the end of its course in the one direction the movement is
reversed, and so on alternately. The pistons are acted on by compressed air. both
for their forward and their back stroke. the air for this purpose being admitted to
and emitted from the ends of the cylinders by channels governed by a threeway
cock, or a rotating or other slide worked by a cam on the same shaft as that which
works the pawls, the cam being properly timed to make the movements of the
pistons take place during the rests of the pawls. The compressed air employed for
working the pistons may be derived from a separate reservoir fed by a pump or
from a reservoir and pump forming part of the machine, the pump being worked
from the same shaft as that which works the pawls and the cock or slide.
reservoir in either case is arranged with a loaded piston
uniform pressure, so that the pushing action on the types may be regular.
or diaphragm to maintain
types in the rows of the boxes are kept in position by pressing surfaces preventing
them from falling over, these surfaces being relieved by a cam action at the times
when the pushers act upon the rows. When the receiving box is filled it is re-
moved with a cover on it, which holds the types steady, and a fresh box is put in
its place.
The
The

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Imray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th July
1879.
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JOHN IMRAY, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"J31-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING TYPES." A communication from
abroad by John North, of Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for distributing types. Types
are ordinarily distributed in two cases or shallow trays, one of which,
called the lower case," is sub-divided into various sized "boxes" or compartments
for the reception respectively of the different small letters, punctuation points,
numerals, spaces, and other types; the other or upper case being divided by a
central transverse wall or bar into two equal parts which are subdivided into small
square"boxes" or receptacles,those on one side of the central bar being for the recep-
tion of capital letters, and those on the other are for small capitals, certain boxes in
both divisions being devoted to types for various signs, dashes, and reference marks.
In composing types they are lifted from these cases or trays by the right hand.
and placed in a shallow receptacle called a stick held in the left hand of the
compositor.and arranged in rows which are afterwards made up into pages.columns.
or forms. After printing the types are again distributed into the cases and their
subdivisions to be available for subsequent use. This distribution is ordinarily
performed by hand, involving considerable time and labour. Types are also com-
posed by machines which select the letters from suitable cases, and into which the
types after being used are distributed, to be ready for composing again. Attempts
have been made to effect the distribution of types by machinery, but great difficul-
ties attend its accomplishment, machines for this purpose being so complicated
and liable to derangement as almost to preclude their use for practical purposes.
It is the object of this Invention to overcome these difficulties, and distribute
types automaticallyfrom a column, page, or series of lines into the separate channels
or subdivisions of a case or receiver ready for use in a composing machine, or from
which they can be readily transferred to an ordinary type case for composing
by hand.
The system which I adopt for this purpose presents the following
features:
First. The combination of the automatic type moving devices of a type distri-
buting machine with motive devices therefor actuated by air pressure. whereby is
obtained a uniform impelling force for the type during the entire operation of the
machine.
Second. The combination in a type distributing machine of a type case or receiver
with type holders arranged at each side thereof, and automatic devices for forcing
types from said holders into opposite sides of said case, whereby is obtained a double
distribution by a single machine.
Third. The combination in a type distributing machine of a travelling type case
or receiver with type line holders arranged at each side thereof, and automatic
|distributing devices by which types are forced from the line holders into both sides
of said case.
Fourth. The combination in a type distributing machine of a reciprocating type
case or receiver.a carriage therefor having its side walls cut intowards corresponding
to the shapes of variously notched types, type line holders arranged on each
side thereof, and automatic devices for forcing the type from the line holders into
said case or receiver through said wards, whereby is secured a double action
of the distributing devices and the use of removable cases, a number of which may
be filled in succession and set aside for further use as required.
Fifth. A method of separating a page, column, or series of lines of types into two
parts by forcing alternate lines simultaneously in opposite directions into line

page_text: holders adapted for use in connection with the automatic distributing devices of a
type distributing machine.
Sixth. A type line holder subdivided into a series of line chambers or channels
in combination with yielding type supporters coinciding with said chambers or
channels, whereby the end type of the lines are prevented from falling while the
lines are being forced into the holder preparatory to distribution by an automatic
distribution.
Seventh. The combination with the reciprocating type case or receiver carriage
of a type distributing machine of an automatically reversible impelling device
whereby the direction of motion of said carriage is reversed when the case or
receiver has traversed the line holders in either direction.
Eighth. The combination with the automatic type moving devices of a type
distributing machine of an automatic arresting device whereby the types to he
distributed are relieved from pressure when not required to be moved, and unneces
sary frictional wear thereof prevented.
Ninth. The combination with the type line holder of a type distributing machine
of a shield or guard consisting of a flat plate of equal width with said holder, and
having rims or flanges projecting at right angles from its sides, whereby when the
shield or guard is placed under and against the bottom of the line holder the end
types of the lines therein are prevented from falling outward, and the lines retained
while the holder is being transferred from place to place.
I will now describe the apparatus, referring to the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of my improved type distributer; Fig. 2 is a top view:
Fig. 3 is a vertical section, taken on line y, y. Fig. 2: Fig.4 is an end view of the
case or type receiver carriage; Fig. 5 is a partial side view of the machine: Fig. 6
is a top view of the line holder arranged on opposite sides of a series of lines of
type preparatory to separating the lines: Fig.7 is a partial end view of the machine,
shewing the vielding type supporters; Fig. S is a perspective view of the type case
or receiver; Fig. 9 is an end view of the same, with its cover: Fig. 10 is a bottom
view of the case or receiver carriage: Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the automati-
cally reversible impelling device for operating the carriage; Fig. 12 is a central
vertical section. and Fig. 13 is a top view of the same: Fig. 14 is an end view of a
line holder with its guards applied; Fig. 15 is a horizontal section of line pusher
chambers, showing a modified form of pushers; Fig. 16 shows detached views of
pushers Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a form of table which may be used sepa-
rately from the machine in separating the lines of a page or column; Fig. 18 is a
view, partly in section, of an air compressor and reservoir which may be used in
connection with one or more distributers in lieu of an attached air pump and reser-
voir: Fig. 19 illustrates modified forms of the carriage impelling devices, and the
arrester for the type pushers: and Figs. 20 and 21 are detail views of the modifica-
tion of the arrester. The types are made with notches or recesses cut in their
edges, the type for each letter, character. space, or other mark being notched
differently from all others, and each corresponding with a particular hole or ward
through which it must pass in the process of distribution. The stationary ton of
the machine is supported by suitable legs or standards a, a', of which a' is hollow.
and forms a reservoir for compressed air. This top is composed of two parallel
channels A, A', having walls or flanges B. B', extending upward from their inner
edges, and provided with rectangular parallel openings of a size to permit the
passage flatwise therethrough of the class of types forwhich themachine is intended.
From the inner edges of these parallel portious project guides which fit into
corresponding grooves in the edges of a carriage C, which is also provided with
upwardly extending walls at its longitudinal edges, certain opposite portions of
these walls being cut to form wards c, each of which corresponds in the contour of
iis edges with the notched or recessed body of a particular type. These wards are
the same distance apart as the opening in the walls or flanges of the stationary
channels. These stationary channels have also walls B extending upward
from their outer edges, in which walls are cut recesses 6 corresponding in

page_text: size to the heads of certain pushers, the opposite ends of which are provided
with pistons, which fit in the channels or chambers of casings E which are
firmly attached to the outer walls of the top of the machine. The length of the
channels or chambers of the casing E is such that when the pistons are at the
inner limit of their movement there will be a vacant space between each piston and
the outer wall of the casing, and these vacant spaces are connected by the partition
walls between the channels by being cut away evenly therewith, thus forming a
continuous air space which is connected by a channel el, cut transversely in the
end wall of casing E. and connecting with a passage . leading longitudinally
through the end wall of said casing to a vertical circular opening forming a set
in which is fitted a three-way cock F. having a through passage f and another
passage at right angles therewith. From the seat of the three-way cock a
passage leads to the front ends of the chambers or channels e, which are connected
by channels cut in the dividing walls thereof, and the length of the arms D
being such that the pistons cannot come against the inner end walls of the
channels or chambers e, a continuous enclosed air space is formed at the inner as
well as at the outer portion of the casing E. From the said seat of the three-way
cock there also leads a passage connecting with a channel e", leading through the
intervening walls and opening at into the compressed air reservoir a'. Near the
base of this air reservoir is connected therewith an air pump G for forcing air into
the same, and the action of which will be readily understood without particular
description. To the piston g of this air pump is pivotted a rod connected by a
link with a crank pin of a disc I' on the end of the shaft of the fly wheel I
The same pin which connects the rod and link ', passes through holes in the
ends of levers J. J. the opposite ends of which are bent to form broad short arms
j.. and are pivotted between ears projecting from the wall of the reservoir a
near its top. These short arms are considerably thicker than the other
portions of the levers, and each has its inner face formed with a curved shoulder or
shelf and immediately over which are centrally pivotied by the same pin two
pawls K. K', each of which has one of its ends formed with two iceth k., tie
other ends forming curved arms. These pawls have their teeth in opposite
directions, and immediately beneath the lower tooth of each pawl a pin / is
arranged in a socket in the shoulder or shelf over which the pawl is located. These
pins rest upon coiled springs which project them against the under surface of the
pawls, forcing the toothed ends of the pawls upward and the other ends down upon
the curved shoulders of the arms j. j. Upon the same pin by which the levers
J. J. are pivotted to the ears .. a flat dog M is pivotted to play to and fro
between the short arms j. j. and the pawls. Through the dog is cut a curved
slot embracing the pin which forms the fulcrum of the pawls, permitting the
vibration of the dog, from the upper curved edge of which projects a stud m, while
from opposite sides of the said dog, and near opposite edges thereof project hori-
zontal pins m³, m², over the shoulders. The outer ends of the curved arms of the
pawls are hevilled upwards, as shown in Figs. I and 12, so that when one of the
horizontally projecting pins of the dog is at the outer end of the adjacent shoulder,
as shown in Fig. 12. the plain arm of the adjacent pawl is thrown down near the
shoulder and the toothed end of the said pawl is elevated, as shown in Fig. 11.
Now if the dog M be thrown into a reverse position in the direction of the arrow,
Fig. 12. the pin m² passes under and throws upwards the plain arm of the pawl.
causing the toothed end thereof to be thrown down upon the shoulder, the pin
driven into its socket, and its spring compressed. In their elevated positions the
pawls engage with the teeth of ratchet bars X. N', attached to the underside of the
carriage Cand having their teeth inclined in reverse directions. It is obvious that
when the teeth of one pawl are elevated for engagement with its ratchet, those of
the other pawl are depressed and out of the way, and the vibration of the levers
J. J. will cause the upper pawl to move the carriage step by step in one direction.
Between the ratchets N. N', is a space n into which the stud m' of the dog M

page_text: projects, and near the ends of the ratchets and in the path of the stud m¹ are
adjustable lugs 0, 0, which when the carriage Chas reached the end of its travel
in either direction, strike the stud and reverse the position of the dog, throwing
down the pawl which had been moving the carriage and permitting the other pawl
to rise and engage with its ratchet and drive the carriage step by step in the
opposite direction. From one of the outer walls B of the channel A projects a
shelf P. having an upward flange p. and the wall B is provided with perforations q
through which pass rods Q. the outer ends of which are fixed in a plate Q' the
edge of which rests across the shelf P: these rods Q are yielding type supporters.
the operation of which will presently be explained. In front of the carriage l'
there is a plain surface or table opposite the shelf P and between the walls B². On
this table the page or series of lines of type is separated into two parts preparatory
to being placed in position for distribution. This operation is performed by means
of the line holders and vielding type supporters. Two of the line holders are shown
in perspective views, Figs. 1 and 17, and in top views. Figs. 2 and 6, and each
consists of a top plater. from the under surface of which projects a series of parallel
flat plates of a thickness corresponding with the size of the types, and having
between them spaces of a similar width, the depth of these spaces being however
somewhat greater than the height of the types. The type case or receiver S, shown
in perspective view Fig. 8, consists of a bottom plate and parallel plates a pro-
jecting therefrom and forming the dividing walls of channels or chambers s², and
having a depth not quite equal to the height of the type. In use this case or
receiver is placed between the walls (" of the carriage in which are cut the wards e,
and its channels coincide with these wards so that types passing through the
wards will enter the channels. Having been placed in its proper position against
the abutment on the top of the carriage, the case or receiver is so held by a
post inserted in a hole in the top of the carriage. At one side of the machine
upon the shaft of the fly wheel I is a cam 13, upon the periphery of which rests the
end of one arm of a clamp or arresting lever 1, the other arm 11 of which extends
along the top of that portion of the wall B in which are cut the slots, in which rest
the rectangular heads of the pushers D; when the armrests upon the outer
curve of the cam the arm is forced down upon the heads and prevents them
from moving, but when the depressed portion of the cam is passing under the
lever its end is forced down by the spring and the arm raised, releasing the
pushers. The cam 13 is so formed and timed as to cause the arm U of the lever to
clamp the pushers when the carriage is moving, but to release them during the
momentary rest of the carriage when the pawl makes its back stroke, at which
time the wards of the carriage coincide with the openings in the walls B and B and
with the rows in the type holders. The object of the clamp lever is to hold the
pushers so that they will not press against the rows, causing friction of the types
against the moving carriage, no pressure upon the rows being required except
when the wards coincide with them. Though in the Drawing a clamp lever is
shewn only at one side of the machine, in practice both sets of pushers should have
such a clamp. The pusher may be of the form shown in Fig. 16, in which the
entire pusher D' is of the same width, as shown; also in the modification, Fig. 15.
so that the clamps will act upon the pushers during the whole stroke of each. The
extent of notch shown in this modified form of pusher is not equal to the
width of the clamp lever and does not therefore interfere with its action. In
order to insure the efficient working of this form of pushers their inner ends have
suitable packing consisting of rubber or leather cups arranged in grooves in the
ends.
In the machine shewn the side walls of the carriage Chave only ten wards, so
that it can distribute a body comprising only ten different types, but in practice, a
full working machine should have in each wall of its carriage a ward corresponding
to the notched body of every type in the fount for which the machine is adapted.
rendering necessary a receiver having generally upwards of one hundred channels

page_text: to which might be added other channels,as for italics. A smaller number of channels
is shown in the Drawings for the sake of simplicity, the operation being as follows;
W. Fig. 6, represents a page containing twenty lines of type. The front edge of the
carriage Chaving been brought forwards, the line holder it is placed in the channel
A, its outer end resting against a pin e, the diameter of which equals the width of
one of the channels of the holder; the plate Q' is then pressed inward, causing the
rods or type supporter Q to enter the channels or chambers of the line holder, and
the page W is placed alongside the holder with the ends of alternate lines against
the ends of the rods Q, and the other lines resting against the ends of the dividing
plates r. Against the opposite edge of the page is placed another line holder R¹, its
inner end resting against the abutment C of the carriage, and the ends of its parallel
plates against the ends of those lines of the page which coincide with the channels
or chambers of the other line holder. A series of type supporting rods Q² fixed to a
plate Qis now inserted into the channels of the line holder and the holderispressed
firmly against the page, alternate lines of which will be driven by the plates into
the channels of the line holder R, while the remaining lines are received into the
channels of the holder R'. The outer end type of all the lines are during the opera-
tion prevented from falling by the type supporting rods, those fixed to the plate Q
yielding, and the plate sliding outward across its supporting shelf P as the lines
advance against them, while those attached to the plate Q remain stationary as
the holder R recedes from the plate and embraces its lines. The page having thus
been separated into twoparts the line holders are placed in thechannels A,A'.between
the pushers and the opposite walls which have the rectangular openings bcut
therein, and the machine is now ready for effecting distribution. The two cocks are
turned so that air passages are opened from the reservoir a¹ to the rear of pusher
pistons, and the fly wheel I is turned, which, through the operation of the disc I', its
crank pin and link ', actuates the air pump to compress air in the reservoir a¹, and
the levers J, J. to cause one or the other of the pawls to impel the carriage C by
a step-by-step motion. As shown in Fig. 3. the carriage is supposed to be moving
in the direction of the arrow, in which direction it will continue to move until the
lug strikes the stud m, forcing the dog M into a position to depress one pawl
and permit the other pawl to rise for engagement with its ratchet, when the direc-
tion of motion of the carriage will be reversed as already explained. The
pressure of the air upon the pistons d forces the heads of the pushers against
the rows of types in the holders, and forces the end types of the lines into the
rectangular openings in the walls B, B, and whenever in one of the intermissions
in the step-by-step motion of the carriage a ward of the wall is brought into coin-
cidence with a type notched to fit it, this type will, by the pressure of the pusher,
he forced quickly through the ward into the channel of the type receiver which
coincides with the said ward. It may happen that several wards are at the same
moment brought into coincidence with correspondingly notched types, in which
case all these types will be forced into the receiver, and several channels of the
receiver may thus receive by types at both ends at the same time. It will be seen
that every fine in the holders must part with at least one type during the com-
plete passage of the carriage in either direction because a ward corresponding to
every type stops momentarily at every row and thus a single row may part with
several types in a single stroke of the carriage owing to the successive coincidence
of wards with types at the end of the row. The step-by-step movement of the
carriage exactly equals the distance between two rows of type, and the shape of the
cam is such that during this movement the clamp or arresting lever bears firmly
upon the pushers, and thus relieves the lines from pressure which would other-
wise cause a wear of the types by the friction of the walls of the carriage. The
operation of the machine should continue until all the type in the line
holders are transferred to their proper channels in the receiver, and then by turning
the three way cocks so as to open air passages from the reservoir to the front of
the pistons . the pushers may all be simultaneously retracted into the casing E,
when the machine will be ready for receiving another set of line holders of which in

page_text: order to save time several sets may be provided for each machine, these being filled
on a separate table, as shown in Fig. 17, where the table is shewn as having its top
inclined, so that but one type supporter Q" is needed. When the type receiver has
been filled it may be removed from the carriage and replaced by an empty case. The
filled case while being handled or when set aside for future use should be covered by
a guard or shield, as shewn in Fig.9, having sides projecting downward to prevent the
types from falling out at the ends of the channels. I also provide similar guards or
shields to be placed beneath the fine holders when they are to be transferred from
the table to the machine, but need only be placed over the holders when they are
simply pushed from place to place on a flat surface, as on the table of the machine.
Instead of having the air pump and reservoir attached to the machine. as shewn
in Figs. 1 and 3, the three way cocks may be connected by a pipe to a compressed
air reservoir at a distance. In Fig. 18 is shown a suitable form of reservoir for
giving uniform pressure by means of a weighted piston; is the reservoir, and a
its piston provided with a central standard, upon which are placed suitable weights
G is the air force pump for supplying the reservoir, and G is an air pipe
leading to the machine. This pipe G may have several branches leading to different
machines.
strip of
In a modified arrangement shown in Figs. 19, 20, 21, G³ indicates an air chamber
which is provided with a diaphragm with a rod pivotted to the centre of a
plunger or pressing bar g, which fits in a slot g" cut through a shelf E which
Supports the heads of a modified form of pushers D. The outer arrangement of
the parts shewn is similar to that shewn in Figs. 1 and 3, but the pusher heads are
larger, and are pivotted to their pushing rods, as shewn at .. Immediately
above the pusher heads and across them is fixed a stationary bar Z. in contact with
the upper edges of the heads. Upon the upper edge of the plunger is a
leather or similar material. The air chamber G is connected to the reservoir a by
a pipe G, and the pressure of the air upon the diaphragm pushes upward the
rod, causing the pusher heads to be clamped between the plunger or pressing bar
' and the bar Z. A continuous clamping pressure is thus exercised upon the
pusher heads, except when released by the action of a cam 1 upon an arm J³ which
is fixed to a short rocking shaft, having its single bearing in an ear projecting
from the reservoir wall, and from which rocking shaft an arm projects outward.
and is pivotied to the rod g'. The cam is on the main or fly wheel shaft, and is
so cut and arranged as to cause the depression of the plunger or pressing bar and
release of the pushers only when the wards of the carriage coincide with the lines
in the type holders as already explained. The reservoir shewn in this modification
is adapted to have air compressed therein by a compresser separate from the
machine, and receives air through a pipe The carriage moving lever vis
pivotted to ears r' projecting from the wall of the reservoir near its base, and the
lever is connected with a crank pin on a cam dise 1' by a link
Having thus described the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim,
First. The combination of the automatic type moving devices of a type distri-
buting machine with motive devices substantially as described, actuated by
pheumatic pressure, giving a uniform impelling force for the tpye during the
operation of the machine substantially as set forth.
Second. The arrangement of the type receiver with a type holder at each side of
it in combination with means substantially as described of forcing types from these
holders into opposite sides of the receiver, the machine being thus rendered double
acting.
Third. The combination of a travelling type receiver with line holders arranged
at each side thereof, and automatic distributing devices substantially as described,
by which types are forced from said line holders into both sides of said case,
substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination of a reciprocating type receiver with its carriage.
having its side walls cut into wards corresponding to the shapes of various notched

page_text: types, so that only the proper types are pushed from the line holders into the
receiver through the wards, substantially as described.
Fifth. In combination with the subject matter of the preceding claim, the use of
removeable line holders and receivers,a number of which may be filled in succession,
and set aside for subsequent use, substantially as herein described.
Sixth. The method of separating a page, column, or series of lines of types into
two parts substantially as herein set forth, by forcing alternate rows simultaneously
in opposite directions into the line holders.
Seventh. The use of yielding type supporters caused to coincide with the channels
of the line holders, and to recede therefrom as the rows enter, the end types of the
rows being thus prevented from falling, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination with the reciprocating type case or receiver carriage of
a type distributing machine, of an automatic reversible step-by-step impelling
device whereby the direction of motion of the said carriage is reversed when the
case or receiver has traversed the line holders in either direction, substantially as
described.
Ninth. The combination with the automatic type moving devices of a type dis-
tributing machine. of an automatic intermittent arresting arrangement, whereby
the types to be distributed are relieved from pressure when not required to be
moved, for the purpose of avoiding friction and wear, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The combination with the type line holder of a type distributing machine,
of a shield or guard. having rims or flanges projecting from its sides for preventing
the end types of the rows in the line holder from falling, while the holder is being
transferred from place to place, substantially as described.
In witness whereof. I, the said John Imray, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.