Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Metallic Pulleys and Drums for Driving Shafts and for other purposes, and in Tools or Apparatus to be Used in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1896

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Manufacture of Metallic
Pulleys and Drums for Driving Shafts and for other purposes,
and in Tools or Apparatus to be Used in the said Manufacture.
I CHARLES HENRY PUGH of Whitworth Works Rea Street South, Birmingham
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference principally to metallic pulleys and drums for driving
shafts and for other purposes made of two cylindrical cups connected together base
to base so as to form a hollow cylinder; and my said invention consists first of the
construction and manufacture hereinafter described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings of metallic pulleys and drums of the kind referred to,
whereby metallic pulleys and drums of great lightness combined with great
strength and perfect balance are produced. My said invention consists further of
the processes of manufacture and the tools or apparatus hereinafter described to
be used in the said manufacture.
In constructing and manufacturing a metallic pulley or drum according to my
invention, I take circular discs of sheet metal, preferably iron or steel, and by a
stamping or raising process I convert them into cylindrical cups.
I then corrugate
their bottoms or webs or bottoms and sides so as to strengthen them, and connect
them together base to base and to a collared tubular bush, the collar of the said
bush being situated between and rivetted to the said bases of the cups as herein-
after particularly explained. The corrugated pulley or drum thus made may be
further strengthened by beading and making smooth or beading and wiring the
edges of the cups.
My improvements are applicable to split pulleys as well as to solid or undivided
pulleys.
My invention consists further in constructing metallic pulleys or drums of a
single corrugated and beaded or beaded and wired sheet metal cup to which a
collared hollow bush is rivetted; also making metallic pulleys or drums of a plain
or corrugated cylinder and two corrugated discs joined together edge to edge by a
beading operation, with a double collared hollow bush rivetted between them.
Pulleys for purposes other than driving shafts of machinery may be made
according to my invention such as pulleys or drums for lifting or lowering loads;
grooved or rope pulleys; guide pulleys and the like, the particular shape and
proportions of the parts being modified accordingly.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
I take a circular disc of sheet iron or steel or other ductile sheet metal as
represented in Figure 1 and by a stamping process effected in the pair of dies
represented in Figure 2, I convert the said disc into a flanged cylindrical cup
as represented in section in Figure 3 and in the said pair of dies, a being the
cylindrical rim; the domed or convex bottom and c the flange at the open mouth
of the cup. I take the flanged cylindrical cup Figure 3 and by means of a pair
of dies of the kind represented in Figure 4 I give a concave figure to the domed
bottom. of the cup and at the same time corrugate the said bottom with a series of
concentric circular corrugations as represented in the said dies Figure 4 and in the

page_text: detached sectional view of the shallow corrugated and concaved cup in Figure 5.
Or radial corrugations may be made in place of circular corrugations. Having
removed the flange c from the shallow cup, by a cutting tool operated in a lathe
or in a stamp, as represented in Figure 6, a hole marked d in Figure 7 is punched
in the centre of the concave and corrugated bottom 6 of the cup for receiving the
bush of the pulley. One half of the body of the pulley is thus made. I take two
of the said half bodies or cups Figure 7.and place. them base to base with the
collar of a solid bush (or a cored or hollow bush) between the said bases b, b and
rivet the said bases together near their marginal parts and also near their central
parts to the collar of the solid bush as represented in section in Figure 8, where
the solid bush is marked e and its middle collar is marked f. The circular row of
rivets by which the marginal parts of the bases b, b of the half bodies are rivetted
together is marked g and the other rivets by which the central parts of the half
bodies are rivetted together and to the collar of the bush are marked h. I hold
the two cups or half bodies together base to base with the,solid bush between the
said bases, during the piercing of the rivet boles in them and during the drilling of
the rivet holes in the collar of the bush, and the rivetting operation, by means of
the angle plate clipping ring or holder represented in section in Figure 9; side
elevation in Figure 10 and detached in plan in Figure 11. The said clipping ring
or holder is marked i and is split at and by means of the screw bolts and nuts at k,
passed through the flanges, near the split part, the said ring or holder can
be contracted upon the cylindrical parts or rims of the halves of the pulley near
their junction so as to hold them in their proper positions with respect to each
other and to the bush during the piercing, drilling and rivetting operations. The
proper position of the central rivet holes in the bases b, b of the halves of the
pulley and collar f of the bush, is determined by a circular template of the kind,
partly, shown in Figure 12. This template is placed inside the partly made pulley
and made to fit on the shoulder of the bush immediately above the collar f. Holes
at in the template enable it to be lifted out of the pulley..
A partly formed cylindrical pulley is thus made from the two connected cups
the said pulley having at its middle a double diaphragm between the parts of
which the collar of the bush is situated as represented.
The edges of the partly made pulley are next beaded or beaded and wired so
as to strengthen the pulley and produce a smooth or non-cutting edge and the solid
bush is bored while being held in a chuck or holder from the rim of the pulley and
made tubular as represented in Figure 13 or when a cast tubular bush is used, the
latter is bored truly cylindrical in the same way. For the purpose of effecting
the beading operation I prefer to use a double beading tool of the kind represented
in Figure 14 and marked m, n, the acting parts of the said beading tool having
grooves of different sizes. The partly made pulley is placed in the chuck of the
lathe and the beading tool is carried by the slide rest of the lathe. That part of
the beading tool marked m is first advanced against the edge of the rotating
pulley in the chuck and the said edge is partly beaded by the operation of the
said beading tool m and by removing the said part m and bringing into operation
the beading tool n having the smaller groove, the beading is perfected or completed.
After one edge of the pulley has been beaded, the pulley is inverted and the other
edge beaded in a similar manner. Or the edges of the pulley are both beaded and
wired. For the purpose of "trueing up," that is, perfecting the figure of the rim
of the pulley, it is treated in the following manner. I place the pulley either in a
hinged chuck of the kind represented in vertical section in Figure 15 and horizontal
section in Figure 16, that is, a chuck consisting of half rings p and p2 jointed
together at p and bolted together at p; or I place the pulley in a divided chuck
of the kind represented in horizontal section in Figure 17, that is, a chuck
consisting of two circular parts r, placed edge to edge and bolted together by
flanges at A chuck of either of the kinds represented is bolted to the face
plate, Figure 17, of the lathe the said plate having a central peg on which
the tubular bush e is fitted. It will be seen that the inner face of the chuck has a

page_text: figure corresponding with that to be given to the rim of the pulley. The pulley
having been fixed in the chuck, a pressing roller s (Figures 15 and 17) carried by
the slide rest of the lathe, is advanced against the inside of the rotating pulley
and made to press its rim against the inside of the chuck so as to make true or
perfect the figure of the said rim. After one half of the rim of the pulley has
been thus made true, the pulley is inverted and the other half of the rim is made
true by the operation of the pressing roller s. The pulley is finally polished.
Figure 18 represents in plan; Figure 19 in side elevation and Figure 20 in
section, a finished pulley made by the series of operations herein before described.
When pulleys having cylindrical rims are to be trued, the trueing chuck has the
required sectional figure given to it.
In order to strengthen the central parts of the bases b, b of the sheet metal cups
to which parts the collar f of the bush is rivetted, flanged strengthening discs or
plates may be applied to the said central parts of the bases and the parts rivetted
together. These flanged strengthening discs or plates are marked 2 in Figure 20.
For the purpose of increasing the bite of the driving band on the rim of the
pulley and to increase its strength, a series of parallel corrugations situated at
right angles to the bush as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 20, may be made
upon it. Although I have represented and prefer to use a pulley or drum having
beaded or beaded and wired edges as well as corrugated sides or webs, yet the
edges may be left plain or unbeaded when the thickness of the plates used would
render the said beading difficult.
When pulleys or drums are to be used for spinning fibres or special purposes
where a continuous smooth rim or periphery is required, the outside of the rim of
the pulley or drum made according to my invention may be covered with a hoop
or ring of sheet metal, the edges of which are turned over the edges of the two
cups forming the body of the pulley or drum. This kind of pulley or drum is
represented in section in Figure 21 where the covering hoop or ring of the rim
is marked a².
Figure 22 represents a grooved pulley or a rope pulley made according to my
invention. In this pulley the edges of the two cups are inclined to one another
and so bent or fashioned as to form between them à V shaped or semi-circular or
other shaped groove for receiving the rope or band as represented.
In making a split pulley, that is, a pulley made in halves and passed onto the
shaft from opposite sides, according to my invention from corrugated and beaded
sheet metal cups I proceed as follows;-I take a cup of the kind represented in
Figure 7 and slot the middle of the corrugated side or web b in the direction of a
diameter as represented in Figure 23 and marked 11. These slots extend from
the central opening 2 in the corrugated side or web to the rim a of the cup, but
the said rim is not operated upon, the partly divided halves of the cup being
connected by the rim. Two of the said slotted cups Figure 23 are taken and
placed base to base with the split centre bush 3, 3 provided with bolt holes
between them. The marginal parts and central parts of the two cups are then
rivetted together and to the split bush 3, 3 as herein before described with respect
to a solid pulley. The edges of the rims of the partly made pulley are then
beaded or beaded and wired the bush bored and the rim made true as before
described.
To the underside of the rim of the partly made pulley and at its opposite sides
angle plates 4, 4 are rivetted. By means of these angle plates and the bush, the
halves of the completed split pulley are connected together and to the shaft. The
partly made pulley at this stage of its manufacture is represented in Figure 24.
The partly made pulley Figure 24 is now taken and by ineans of a circular or
other saw, the rim a at opposite sides and between the angle plates 4, 4 is sawn
through so as to convert the partly made. pulley into two half pulleys. To one of
the half pulleys, filling pieces of wood or other material are inserted between the
corrugated sides or webs at the division and fixed thereto by wood screws, the
parts of the filling pieces projecting from the said half pulley having a size and

page_text: shape proper for the other half pulley to take upon when the two halves are fitted
together. To each side of the said filling pieces the radial strips which were cut
from the middle of the partly made pulley Figure 23 are fixed by screws. These
radial strips will fill up the spaces between the two halves when they are connected
together. The halves of the split pulley are now complete as represented in
elevation in Figure 25 and horizontal section in Figure 26 the said Figure 26
being taken on the line, y Figure 25. In the said Figures 25 and 26, the wooden
(or other) filling pieces are marked 5, 5 and the radial metallic filling strips fixed
thereto are marked 6, 6.
Figure 27 represents in elevation and Figure 28 in horizontal section taken on
the line, Figure 27,, the split pulley Figures 25 and 26, after it has been
attached to the driving or other shaft.
To attach the halves of the pulley together and to the shaft, the split bush 3 of
the half marked A is placed on the shaft and the split bush 3 of the other half B
also placed on the shaft and the said half B engaged or fitted upon the projecting
parts of the filling pieces 5, 5 of the half A as represented in Figure 27. The
abutting faces of the angle plates 4, 4 at the rim of the pulley are now bolted
together and the halves of the split bush also bolted together upon the shaft. The
loose half B is finally connected to the filling pieces 5, 5 by wood screws as
represented in Figure 27.
A keyway or ways may be used in the shaft and split bush for assisting in
securing the pulley to the shaft.
In place of forming the pulley of two corrugated and beaded or beaded and
wired cups or half bodies arranged base to base as before described, a single
corrugated and beaded or beaded and wired cup may be employed as represented
in Figure 29, the collar f of the tubular bush e being rivetted to the inside of the
base of the pulley at the central part as represented.
Instead of making the pulleys of two cupped or dish shaped parts rivetted
together back to back with the collar of the bush between them, or of a single
cupped and beaded or beaded and wired part as last described the pulley may be
made of three parts joined together edge to edge and to a double collared bush
between them.
A metallic pulley of this kind is represented in section in Figure 30. It consists
of the centrally pierced corrugated separated discs b, b and the corrugated
cylindrical rim a the edges of the said discs and rim being connected together by
a heading operation as represented. The tubular bush e has two collars or
rings e, to which the central parts of the two discs b, b are rivetted by long
rivets as represented. The rim a Figure 30 instead of being corrugated may be
plain or uncorrugated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my
invention of "Improvements in the construction and manufacture of metallic
pulleys and drums for driving shafts and for other purposes and in tools or
apparatus to be used in the said manufacture":—
First. Strengthening the bottoms, webs or sides of metallic pulleys or drums,
made of two cylindrical cups connected together base to base by corrugating the'
said bottoms, webs or sides substantially as herein before described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings; also further strengthening the said pulleys or
drums by beading or beading and wiring the edges of the rims of the same.
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Secondly. The combination with metallic pulleys or drums of the kinds claimed
in the prior claim of a collared tubular bush the collar of which is situated between
the bases of the two corrugated or corrugated and beaded or beaded and wized
cups, the said cups being connected together hase to base and to the collar of the
bush by rivetting substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: Thirdly. Making metallic pulleys or drums of a cylindrical cup beaded or
beaded and wired at its edge and corrugated on its rim and base or bottom, with a
tubular bush rivetted by its collar to the middle of the said base or bottom
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 29 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fourthly. Making metallic pulleys or drums of two corrugated discs, and a
corrugated or plain cylindrical rim joined together edge to edge by a beading
process, with a double collared tubular bush rivetted between the said discs
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 30 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fifthly. The process or combination of processes and tools hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings to be used
in the manufacture of metallic pulleys or drums of the kinds hereinbefore claimed;
that is to say, first producing by a stamping process a flanged cup having a domed
or externally convex bottom and afterwards corrugating the domed bottom of the
cup and at the same time giving a concave figure to the said corrugated bottom.
Sixthly. The process or combination of processes and the tools or apparatus used
in conducting the said process or combination of processes herein before described
and illustrated in Figures 8 to 17 both inclusive of the accompanying drawings for
rivetting the bases of the corrugated cups together and to the collar of the bush;
for boring the bush; for beading or bending with or without wiring the edges of
the rims of the cups and for trueing or perfecting the figure of the said rims.
Lastly. The manufacture herein before described and illustrated in Figures 23,
24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 of the accompanying drawings of split pulleys or drums from
corrugated metallic cups rivetted base to base and with a split. bush between them;
that is to say, making radial slots in the bases of the corrugated and beaded or
beaded and wired cups, rivetting the cups together and to the split bush; dividing
the partly made pulley or drum into halves and combining therewith the fittings
necessary for the connection of the halves together substantially as described and
illustrated.
Dated the Fifth day of March 1896.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.