IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BREWERS' GRAINS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE FOOD OF ANIMALS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward John Davis, of Globe Wharf, Mile End,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING BREWERS' GRAINS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR
THE FOOD OF ANIMALS."
Sealed the 1st May 1866, and dated the 10th November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward John Davis
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th November 1865.
I, EDWARD JOHN DAVIS, of Globe Wharf, Mile End, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING BREWERS' GRAINS, IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM MORE
SUITABLE FOR THE FOOD OF ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating brewers'
grains, in order to render them more suitable for the food of animals. It is
well known that brewers' grains are for the most part employed in the
wet state for the food of cows, though, by reason of the grains being liable
to quick decomposition and to become sour and spoiled, they are con-
sequently often used as manure.
Now I have discovered by a series of experiments that the decom-
position may be arrested by heat, and a new manufacture obtained from
such grains; and the object of my Invention is to preserve the grains in a
sweet state, and also to reduce their bulk and weight to facilitate the

page_text: storing and transport thereof, and this I accomplish by subjecting the
grains to heat, as hereafter described, whilst they are fresh and sweet, by
which I arrest or prevent decomposition, and finally obtain the grains free
from moisture, and in a sweet or as nearly sweet state as may be. For
this purpose as quickly as may be after the worts have been removed
from the grains I spread them over an extended area in an ordinary
drying kiln or other heated surface in a drying room, and such surface is
by preference perforated so as to admit of streams of heated air being
caused to pass through the surface and amongst the grains spread thereon,
or the heated air used may be applied over the surface on which the grains
to be heated and dried are spread, or both systems may be adopted. The
stove or drying chamber should be well ventillated, and I stir or move the
grains on such surface as the drying goes on; or I employ a rotating
perforated cylinder in a suitable chamber to which heat is applied, and
through which heated air is caused to pass. The drying process is con-
ducted and carried on as quickly as possible and at as high a degree of
heat as possible, so, however, as not to burn or injure the grains. In some
cases it may be desirable to separate part of the moisture by pressure or
otherwise before drying them by artificial heat. The grains thus treated
may on becoming cool after the decomposition has been arrested by heat,
and the grains have been well and sufficiently dried, be placed in sacks or
casks, and they may be carried to any desired distance, and used for the
food of animals. Or the grains may be mixed with salt, or with other
articles suitable for the food of animals, and may, when desired, he pressed
alone or in combination with other articles into cakes or masses, in which
case it will be desirable in some cases to subject the grains, or the grains
'mixed with other articles of food, to pressure before they are completely
dry, and to finish the drying process afterwards,
•
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward John Davis in the Great Seal Patent 3
Office on the 10th May 1866,1
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JOHN DAVIS, of Globe Wharf, Mile End, in the County of Middlesex,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward John Davis in the Great Seal Patent 3
Office on the 10th May 1866,1
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JOHN DAVIS, of Globe Wharf, Mile End, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of November, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five; in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Edward John Davis, Her special licence that
I, the said Edward John Davis, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward John Davis, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING BREWERS' GRAINS IN ORDER TO RENDER THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE
FOOD OF ANIMALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward John Davis, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward John Davis, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
.
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating brewers;
grains in order to render them more suitable for the food of animals. It
is well known that brewers' grains are for the most part employed in the
wet state for the food of cows, though, by reason of the grains being liable
to quick decomposition and to become sour and spoiled they are conse-
quently often used as manure. Now I have discovered by a series of
experiments that the decomposition may be arrested by heat, and a new
manufacture obtained from such grains, and the object of my Invention is
to preserve the grains in a sweet state, and also to reduce their bulk and
weight to facilitate the storing and transport thereof, and this I accomplish
by subjecting the grains to heat, as hereafter described, whilst they are fresh
and sweet, by which I arrest or prevent decomposition, and finally obtain
the grains free from moisture and in a sweet or as nearly sweet state as;
may be. For this purpose, as quickly as inay be after the worts have been
removed from the grains, I spread them over an extended area in an
ordinary drying kiln or other heated surface in a drying room, and such,
surface is by preference perforated so as to admit of streams of heated air

page_text: being caused to pass through the surface and amongst the grains spread
thereon, or the heated air used may be applied over the surface on which
the grains to be heated and dried are spread, or both systems may be
adopted. The stove or drying chamber should be well ventilated, and I
stir or move the grains on such surface as the drying goes on. Or I
employ a rotating perforated cylinder in a suitable chamber to which heat
is applied and through which heated air is caused to pass. The drying
process is conducted and carried on as quickly as possible, and at as high a
degree of heat as possible, so, however, as not to burn or injure the grains:
The arrangement of and mode of working in the drying kilns or chambers
used may
be greatly varied, but the Invention consists not in the form of
drying kiln or chamber, but in acting on the grains as early as may be after
they come from the mashing process by high degrees of heat, in order
thereby to prevent decomposition, and by continuing the application of heat
to dry the grains; the heated chamber or kiln employed by me, and which
I believe to be as convenient and constructed at as small a first cost as any
arrangement which may be used for the purpose, consists of a rectangular
building having at its lower part and below a floor a chamber into which
highly heated air is forced; I usually employ air heated to about 200° of
Fahrenheit, and although I do not confine myself to the use of that tem-
perature, I believe that the use of much more highly heated air does not
proportionally quicken or improve the process as compared with the extra
cost of materially increasing the temperature, whilst at much lower tem-
peratures the process is not satisfactorily performed. The floor I prefer to
be of wire gauze or closely perforated metal properly supported, so that
the heated air which is kept somewhat under pressure in the chamber below,
may rush up amongst the grains spread evenly on the floor to a depth of
four or five inches. I employ a fan or other blowing apparatus for forcing
the air into the lower chamber. The air in its passage from the fan or
blowing apparatus is forced through heating apparatus as is well understood
when heating air for other purposes. The grains on the floor are stirred or
moved over from time to time say every twenty or thirty minutes. The
chamber above the floor is to be well ventilated; I employ openings for
this purpose with sliding or other shutters, and I prefer that such openings
should be about a foot above the floor rather than higher up, as by such
means the dry heated air accumulates in the upper parts of the chamber
whilst the more moist air as it arises above the damp grains passes off
quickly through the ventilating openings. The process generally occupies
between five and six hours, when the dry and preserved grains are removed

page_text: from the floor into rooms where they are stored and allowed to cool. I
would state that other forms of drying apparatus may be used, such as a
rotating cylinder or otherwise, such as are well known and used for other
purposes, so long as the grains are quickly subjected to the action of heat
of a temperature sufficient to arrest decomposition and are by continuance
of heat rendered dry. By these means a new manufacture of animal food
is produced capable of being kept in store for a considerable length of time
and of being transported to distant places. The grains thus treated may,
on becoming cool after the decomposition has been arrested by heat and
the grains have been well and sufficiently dried, be placed in sacks or casks,
and they may be carried to any desired distance and used for the food of
animals, or the grains may be mixed with salt or with other articles suitable
for the food of animals, and may when desired be pressed alone or in com-
bination with other articles into cakes or masses, in which case it will be
desirable in some cases to subject the grains, or the grains mixed with other
articles of food, to pressure before they are completely dry, and to finish
the drying process afterwards.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward John Davis, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
EDWARD JOHN DAVIS. (L.S.)