Improvements in or relating to Tyres for Velocipedes and other Vehicles..
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1891-Accepted, 20th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Tyres for Velocipedes and other
Vehicles..
I, HUGH FAULKNER, of 8 Napier Terrace, Aylestone Road, Leicester, Rubber
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to tyres for velocipedes and other vehicles and
embodies improvements such as are hereinafter described, and which are specially
applicable to what are known as "pneumatic tyres" or tubular tyres inflated by
gas or air under compression or otherwise.
According to this invention the air tube is provided with an outside covering of
cloth, canvas, or other suitable material cemented together and vulcanized.
The cloth or canvas is not cemented on in the piece, but is first cut into diagonal
strips and placed on the outside of the air tube (which is of rubber) at an angle or
what is generally termed "on the bias" and the outer covering or tube which
forms the tread or wearing part, coming into contact with the ground is similarly
treated on its inner side.
The method of laying and applying the strips of cloth, canvas or other suitable
material to the rubber in the manner before described does not interfere with the
natural elasticity of the tyre to the same extent as when the cloth is applied thereto
in the piece.
The invention further relates to the making of a hollow tubular or pneumatic
tyre in one piece by moulding in the manner hereinafter described.
I first take a cord of rubber of the same diameter as the hole or air space in the
interior of the to-be-made tyre and joint it over a pulley of the required size;
canvas, cloth or other suitable material is then folded round the circumference of
the tyre, in a suitable manner, all joints being overlapped. A tapered strip of
rubber is next cemented round the cord and canvas, after which a longitudinal slit
or opening is made in the tyre for the purpose of extracting the rubber cord.
The slit may then be cemented up and the tyre vulcanized in a mould in the
usual way; the process of vulcanisation causing the air in the interior of the tyre
to expand the tyre to the same diameter as the mould.
The tyre may then if desirable be punctured and be filled with compressed air
or gas by any of the well known means employed for that purpose.
The invention also includes an improvement for preventing hollow or pneumatic
tyres flattening sideways, under the weight of the rider.
This is effected preferably in hollow tyres in which canvas is employed by
stitching; the stitches running when the tyre is laid out flat, transversely then a
certain distance in the direction of its length and again transversely and so on
through preferably the whole of the tyre.
The tyre is vulcanized after the operation of stitching has been carried out.
Dated this 29th day of August 1890.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Tyres for Velocipedes and other
Vehicles.
I, HUGH FAULKNER of Rockleigh, London Road, and late of 8 Napier Terrace,
Aylestone Road, Leicester, Rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to tyres for velocipedes and other vehicles and
embodies improvements such as are hereinafter described, and which are specially
applicable to what are known as "pneumatic tyres" or tubular tyres inflated by.
gas or air under compression or otherwise.
The first part of the invention relates to an improvement in the construction of
the air tube, which consists in providing the said tube with an outside covering of
cloth, canvas or other suitable material, as hereinafter described, cemented together
and vulcanized on a mandril in the usual way, the said improvement being also
applicable to the outer covering or tube, which forms the tread or wearing part of
the tyre.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a section of the air tube,
Figure 2 is a plan of part of same and Figure 3 is a section and Figure 4 a plan
of the interior of the outer covering, of a pneumatic tyre constructed according to
this part of my invention.
In Figures 1, and 2, A represents the internal coating which is of rubber and B
the cloth or canvas forming the exterior of same.
In Figures 3 and 4, A is the outer rubber covering forming the part which
comes into contact with the ground and B the internal coating of cloth or canvas.
The cloth, canvas or equivalent material is not cemented on the rubber in the
piece, but in strips and placed on the latter in an angular direction, so that the warp
and weft threads of the canvas do not run in the direction of the length of the tyre
but at an angle thereto as indicated in Figures 2 and 4.
The sides and ends of each strip being allowed to overlap the sides and ends of
the adjacent piece or pieces.
The method of laying and applying the canvas in the manner before described
does not interfere with the natural elasticity of the tyre to the same extent as when
it is applied thereto in the piece.
The invention further relates to the making of a hollow tubular or pneumatic
tyre in one piece by moulding and vulcanizing in the manner hereinafter described.
Figure 5 shews a section of a complete pneumatic tyre moulded and vulcanized
in one piece in accordance with this part of the invention.
Figures 6 and 7 are modifications, shewing the tyre moulded and vulcanized in
two separate parts, and Figures 8 and 9 are detail views.
In carrying out this part of the invention I first take a cord of rubber of the
same diameter as the hole or air space C in the to-be-made tyre and joint it over a
pulley of the required size, having previously placed over the pulley a strip of
sheet rubber D which is cemented together at its ends and edges, two layers of
canvas E and E are next cemented over D.
The canvas may be applied in strips, the ends and side joints being overlapped as
described in reference to Figures 1 to 4.
A tapered strip of rubber F forming the outer covering of the tyre and varying
in thickness from preferably " to " is next cemented round the canvas
layers E, E', after which the whole is removed from the pulley.
The air valve D¹ is next inserted in the tyre and subsequently a longitudinal
slit or opening is made in the tyre to admit of the cord being extracted after which
the slit is cemented up, and the tyre vulcanized in a mould in the usual
way, the

page_text: process of vulcanization causing the air in the interior of the tyre to expand the
tyre to the same diameter as the mould.
After the vulcanizing process is completed the tyre is removed from the mould
and may
be filled through the tube D₁ with compressed air or gas by any of the
well known means employed for that purpose.
Instead of making a complete pneumatic tyre in one piece and at one operation
by moulding and vulcanizing as just described, I may make the air tube and the
outer external covering separately i.e. at two different operations and in different
moulds, but substantially in the manner described with reference to Figure 5.
Figures 6 and 7 represent in section the outer covering and the air tube
respectively of a pneumatic tyre formed as described.
In Figure 6, G is the external rubber covering formed with a corrugated surface
to reduce the tendency of slipping. It is lined with two layers of canvas H, H¹
coated with rubber and after vulcanization is slit or divided circumferentially at J
and holes punched at each side at K, and eyelets or lacing studs fixed therein to
permit of being laced over the rim of the wheel of a cycle or other vehicle as shewn
most clearly in Figure 9.
The inner or air tube shewn in Figures 7 and 8 are separately moulded and
vulcanized as hereinafter described. It is formed of an internal lining D of sheet
rubber preferably about " thick, strengthened by two layers of canvas E and E'
passing completely round same and with two other layers of canvas E³ and E³.
The layers E and E³ are partly cemented to the air tube and partly to each
other so as to form flaps or wings which may be punched and furnished with
eyelets L', or lacing studs L, and opened out as in Figure 8 to admit of being
laced over the steel rim of a cycle or other wheel in the manner indicated in
Figure 9.
The portions of the layers E2 and E³ not cemented to the air tube are cemented
to each other and form the outer and inner surfaces of the flaps as in the last named
figure. The invention also further relates to an improvement for preventing hollow
or pneumatic tyres flattening sideways under the weight of the rider, thereby
spreading the tyre over the edges of the steel rim where it is liable to be cut.
is effected preferably by stitching the tyre in the manner hereinafter described.
Figure 10 is a cross section, Figure 11 is a horizontal section, and Figure 12 a
side view of a cushion or pneumatic tyre formed according to this part of my
invention.
This
The tyre is made by starting with two layers of canvas O and P coated with
rubber, over these are cemented the required thickness of rubber and then a strip
of canvas R or other suitable material is cemented along each side of the tyre.
The sewing is then commenced through the canvas strips, the stitches S passing
through the diameter of the tyre as in Figure 10, two threads passing through
each hole made by the awl or sewing needle, as in the method of stitching adopted
by shoemakers, this process being repeated throughout the whole length of the tyre.
After the sewing completed a further layer of rubber is cemented over the
circumference of the tyre, covering the canvas strips R and the ends of the
stitches S and forming, with the layer of rubber cemented on prior to the canvas
strips, the external coating T of the tyre.
The whole is then vulcanized in a mould in the usual way. In the case of a
pneumatic tyre the last coating of rubber prevents escape of the air and in the
case of a cushion tyre prevents moisture getting at the sewing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a hollow tyre the combination with the rubber A of one or more strips of
canvas, cloth, or equivalent material such as B applied and vulcanized together
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2. Moulding and vulcanizing a hollow tyre in either one piece or operation, or
two separate pieces or operations, substantially in the manner described and
illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
3. Stitching through the diameter of hollow tyres substantially in the manner
and for the purpose described and illustrated in Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the
accompanying drawings.
4. The improvements in tyres substantially as herein described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 16th do…. £
1001
HUGH
FAULKNER.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.