Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Circulating Water in Steam Generators.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st May, 1893
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Complete Specification Left. 29th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Circulating Water in
Steam Generators.
We, ROBERT WATSON, Paper Mill, Linwood, Renfrewshire, Paper Manufac-
turer and ROBERT DOUGLAS MUNRO 13 Dundas Street in the City of Glasgow,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to cause a better circulation of the water in
steam boilers and to better utilize the waste heat in the gases of combustion passing
through the flues of the boiler setting.
.
The apparatus constituting the invention consists of one or more rows of pipes
carried in the flues of the boiler setting, the inlet end of which pipes is connected
to the bottom of the boiler preferably near the front and the outlet is connected
preferably at the back end of boiler, at or about the ordinary water level.
An internal pipe is fitted into the boiler and arranged to discharge either above
or below the water level.
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The water at the bottom of the boiler being colder and heavier descends into the
bottom row of pipes, and it is gradually heated by passing along the various rows
of pipes and is thereafter discharged into the boiler.
Dated this 29th day of April 1893.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Circulating Water in
Steam Generators.
T
We, ROBERT WATSON of R. & W. Watson, Linwood, near Paisley, in the
County of Renfrew, Scotland, Paper Manufacturer, and ROBERT DOUGLAS
MUNRO, M.I. Mech. E. of Waynlee, Crosshill, Glasgow, Scotland, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to steam generators of the Lancashire or Cornish or like
types with bottom flues and has for its objects to provide cheap and simple
apparatus for ensuring good circulation in such generators, and for utilizing the
heat of the furnace gases more effectively than heretofore.
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For this purpose we provide in the bottom flue or flues of the boiler a system of
pipes or coils or the equivalent thereof communicating at one end with the boiler
near the bottom where the water is usually coldest, and at the other end with a
higher point in the boiler where the water is hottest or where it is hotter than at
the other connection. The pipes or coils or the like are full of water and are
subjected to the heat of the gases passing through the external flue or flues on their
way to the chimney. Consequently the water contained therein is heated to a more
[Poire 8d1

page_text: or less high temperature, and a circulation is set up through the pipes whereby the
heated water is delivered into the boiler at the higher point hereinbefore referred
to, and its place is taken by other water that flows into the pipes from the lower or
colder part of the boiler, which water is heated and delivered to the boiler again in
its turn. The colder water therefore near the bottom of the boiler is continually
being drawn off, heated by the gases in the flues, and delivered again into the boiler.
The natural circulation in the boiler is thereby effectively aided, and a good
proportion of the heat of the gases which would otherwise be lost is trapped and
utilized for heating the water.
In the accompanying drawings, we have shown.how our invention may be con-
veniently and advantageously carried into practice as applied to a two-flued or
Lancashire boiler.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the shell of the boiler with the circulating pipes
applied thereto, the central or bottom external flue being shown in longitudinal
- section.
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Figure 2 is a plan of the boiler-setting, and of the circulating pipes, showing the
connection of the latter with the blow-off pipe, the boiler. being indicated by
broken lines.
Figure 3 is a transverse sectional elevation taken on the line xx, Figure 1.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the circulating pipes in the bottom flue taken at the
front end, and
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Figure 5 is an elevation of the same taken at the back end.
Like letters of reference denote corresponding parts in all the figures.
A is the boiler shell; B, B, are the internal flue-tubes; C, C are the seating
blocks; D is the bottom external flue;. E, E are the side flues. All these parts,
are constructed and arranged as heretofore.
F is a system of pipes preferably of wrought iron placed in the bottom external
flue D and arranged in two rows, which may be vertical or otherwise, oue on each
side of the flue, in such a manner as not to interfere with the thorough examination
of the boiler when such is desired. The said pipes are conveniently made about
3 inches diameter but may be larger or smaller as desired:
The front ends of the several lengths of pipe are connected by bends F¹ prefer-
ably made of malleable cast-iron, and each length of pipe on one side of the flue is
connected at the back and with the corresponding length of pipe on the other side
the flue by a U-shaped bend F. It will be noticed that an extra length of pipe
is inserted into the top row on each side, and also an extra length of pipe in the
centre. The whole of the pipes form one continuous system which is in communi-
cation at the front end with the blow-off pipe G, at a point between the blow-off
cock G' and the boiler, and at the back with the boiler at a point F preferably
about the usual water level.
The uptake or vertical discharge pipe at the back end of the coil is in some
(cases split into two or more smaller pipes, connected with suitable header pipes at
the top and bottom, and in other cases said discharge pipe is made of curved or
bent form so as to increase the surface exposed to the furnace gases at this point.
An internal delivery pipe may be provided, such pipe being preferably perforated
to spread the water over a large area as it enters the boiler. The delivery
connection may be made if desired with the shell of the boiler or with the front
end-plate instead of with the back end-plate, and in such case an internal pipe is
preferred to deliver the water and spread the same at about the usual water level.
Or the pipes may be arranged to deliver at more than one place, say at the front
and back ends of the boiler. We prefer that the inlet end of the pipes shall make
communication at the front end with the blow-off pipe as shewn but some other
point of connection may in some case be selected. His a stop-tap for shutting off
the connection between the blow-off pipe G and the system of pipes F when
required. I is a branch pipe connecting the pipe F with the blow-off drain-pipe J.
I is a stop-tap in this branch, which tap is normally closed, but is opened when it
is required to drain the pipes F.

page_text: The several lengths of pipe in the system F are supported by standards K placed
at suitable intervals, distance blocks K' being placed between adjacent lengths of
said pipes to keep them at a uniform distance apart. The three central lengths of
pipe in the top row are supported on cross bars K' which rest on the second row
of pipes.
The working of this apparatus will be readily understood. The tap H being
open, and the tap I' of course closed, the comparatively. cold water in the lower
part of the boiler will descend into the pipes F, and, being heated therein by the
furnace gases, will pass along said pipes and ascend the vertical delivery pipe at the
back of the boiler, and enter the boiler at F. The circulation of the water will,
by these means, be improved, and much of the heat which would otherwise be
dissipated in the brick-work, will be saved, thus effecting economy and lengthening
the life of the boiler. It will be observed that the water which enters the pipes F
is not split up into several streams but passes as one undivided stream through the
whole length of the system of pipes F until it enters the boiler again at the back
end, except in one modification where it is divided at the back end. This forms an
important feature of our construction.
In some instances an installation may be provided without any taps, beyond the
ordinary blow-off tap. Further a tap may be provided at the discharge end to cut
off all connection with the boiler when desired. In such case a safety-valve is
provided on the pipes to prevent accidents.
In some cases in lieu of having the pipes of a uniform diameter throughout, we
provide pipes of gradually increasing diameter from the end where the water enters
to that at which it leaves them to enter the boiler again.
We apply our improvements to Cornish boilers, and other like types of boiler
with a bottom flue, as well as to those of the Lancashire type.
In all cases by our construction the external flues are not unduly restricted, nor
are the examination and cleaning of the boiler interfered with materially, and
moreover no alterations of brickwork-setting are required.
Provision may be made for scouring the pipes F when necessary by blowing
steam therethrough.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we are
aware of the Letters Patent granted to James Hodgkinson No. 17133 A.D. 1892
and we do not claim anything that is claimed in the Specification of said Patent,
but what we claim is :-
The combination, with a steam generator of the type hereinbefore referred to, of
a system of pipes placed in the bottom flue or flues thereof and communicating at
its ends with the generator, said system of pipes being arranged substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and operating as, and for
the purposes, specified.
Dated this 90th day of JanuarD 1804
Dated this 90th dh
1804
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.