IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERS AND MANGLES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN CALENDERS AND MANGLES, a communication to me from abroad by August
Völkel, Engineer, of 67, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a hydraulic mangle with two rollers, which is intended
to replace the case mangling machine, formerly used in factories, and works so,
that the fabrics, to be mangled, are wound on a wooden mangling rod, and are
rolled forward and backward under high pressure between strong iron rollers.
Usually a paper roller is laid into the machine in lieu of the beat in calenders,
constructed as the mangling rollers, or, instead of a paper roller, a heating cylinder,
if the other rollers are paper rollers.
In roller mangling machines with two pressing rollers, which is described here
for showing the said improvements, hitherto a movable roller has been caused to
press against a stationary one, and between the two rollers is placed a device for
suitably securing the mangling beam.
As a novelty in the improved machine, both pressing rollers approach to and
recede from each other, which renders the driving of both rollers and the intro-
ducing and withdrawing of the beam very simple. As a further novelty, a device
for regulating the pressure is applied.
The rollers A. B (sheet I of the drawings) are, at each end, laid into strong
levers c, d, which have their fulcra in the eyes e, f of the side frame (Fig. 1). The
movable ends of the levers c d are hinged to a double lever i by means of coupling
rods g g, which lever bas its fulcrum in the side frame, between the centre lines of
both rollers. At each stand the rollers can be approached and removed from each
other simultaneously at each side of the machine, a piston knob acting on the free
end of the double lever by hydraulic pressure. After the rollers' have been
conducted towards each other, the same pressing cylinders are used to produce the
pressure, required for mangling. For separating automatically the rollers, the
lower roller is havier than the upper roller. The lower roller is adapted to move

page_text: inversely the said lever mechanism and the piston of each side of the machine,
when the pressure is suspended. In lieu of the hydraulic press also the counter
weight, usually applied to calenders, may act on the ends of the double lever.
The heavy driving wheels m³ n¹ Fig. 3, which, as usually, are situated only at
one end of the rollers on the one side of the machine, have hitherto always
diminished the uniformity of the useful pressure between the rollers; for the end
of the upper roller on the side of the wheel, presses, owing to the weight of the
wheel, more power fully on the roller or beam, situated thereunder, than the other
end of the same roller. For mangling and calendering textile fabrics, both rollers
are generally required to be simultaneously driven and this is rendered possible as
follows: The counter shafts or driving shafts kl, reaching from one standard to
the other, pass axially through the supporting pivots in the eyes e, f. The journals
at the counter shafts k, are slightly conical and laid into corresponding bushes
(Fig. 5), which can be adjusted, when the rollers have become loose by running.
These bushes, rendered adjustable between endnuts, serve at the same time as
supporting pivots for the roller levers ed and prevent the introducing rollers from
being loaded with the pressure of the rollers.
On the counter shafts are situated the spur wheels m, n, keyed upon the pivots
of the rollers. The connection of the two driving shafts is effected by straps and
pulleys op.
The forward and backward motion, required for mangling, is
produced by means of a known friction gearing, situated on the extended
lower axle l.
At the same axle is situated the pump for delivering the pressure fluid into the
hydraulic press. To the side frames strong projections are cast on, in which the
pressure cylinders are journalled by means of trunnions and so, that the pressure
cylinders can follow the motion of the levers i.
The introduction and withdrawal of the wooden beam, on which the textile
fabrics are wound, was effected heretofore with the roller inanglers, by hand or by
particular contrivances, which, however require much hand labour.
The improved contrivance for introducing and withdrawing the rods, is auto-
matic and can be operated without particular aid from the workınan solely, by
withdrawing the rollers from each other, which is always required, when letting
out each rod for releasing the pressure.
The fully charged beams are laid on a running track or rail g of the machine
with their end pivots (Figs. 1. to 5), and subsequently the rods arrive successively
into the mangling process, rolling with the pivots on the slightly inclined plane,
and after this they arrive at the other end of the running track y, from which
the rods are again removed. By means of various stop devices or regulating
mechanisms, which, as aforesaid, are only operated by lifting the mangling rollers,
each rod is forced into the mangling process and again liberated there out.
At the inner side of each standard a slide a is guided vertically (Figs. 1 to 5.).
"This slide contains a vertical hollow prism, open towards the interior of the
machine, in which prism are kept the pivots of the beams during the process of
mangling. This hollow prism is formed by two flanks a² and a².
The flank a, towards the outlet-side of the machine, is a little higher than the
other and serves as an abutment for the pivots of that beam, which just gets into
the process of mangling from the running track g. Without the stop, produced
by this abutment, the beam would roll on the plane past the centre lines of the
rollers.
To the slide proper a are screwed on triangular bodies b with long suspended
sides, by means of which the next beam, coming into the process of mangling, and
all beams behind the same, still being out of action on the tract, are meanwhile
supported (Fig. 3).
Both stops, hitherto described, can be set in and out of action by the per-
pendicular motion of the slide a, and these operatious are initiated on each side of
the machine by means of the double lever i, which, as shown, also serves to lift and
lower the mangling rollers.

page_text: To a revoluble axle v, laid into the standards, are rigidly secured the levers v³,
connected with the slide, so that they can be lifted and lowered. Further are
rigidly secured to the axle v the levers Fig. 1, which are considerably shorter,
than the aforementioned levers and connected with the roller levers i by links.
By this arrangement of the levers is attained, that the slides with the stopping
mechanisms are considerably more lifted or lowered, than the mangling rollers
remove from each other and that the mangling rollers need only be a little lifted
from each other, for allowing one beam to get out of the central line of the roller,
and another to get in.
On the running track there is also an adjustable stop g².
For the purpose of inserting a fresh beam, the slides are lowered, so that their
highest points get under the surface of the track. Subsequently the first beam,
previously retained by the sides of the body b, rolls on the inserted abutment g².
When the slides are lifted for the height of the abutment, the triangular body b
catches under the beam, held by the abutment g, and lifts the same over the
abutment. The beam rolls towards the slide and gets with its pivot between the
flanks a a² (Fig. 3), while simultaneously the sides, suspended from the body b,
catch and retain the following beam.
During mangling the slide is lifted by the pressure of the mangling rollers so
much, that its flanks a¹ a² keep the pivots of the beam with complete security.
The release or delivery from the mangling process, without interrupting the
revolution of the mangling rollera, is effected at the same time with the afore-
mentioned approach of the next beam by the slide being lowered with all its parts
under the running track y. The completely mangled beam rolls over the higher
flank a² into the lower end of the track. The next roller, coming into the mangling
process, however rolls on to the abutment g². Without this abutment, it would
also run directly past the central line of the roller. The workman keeps constantly
standing at his place, and there he has nothing to do, but to initiate the return
of the revolution of the rollers by means of the friction gear and to release
by and by the pressure between the rollers, for inserting and withdrawing the
rods or beams.
The latter is effected by managing the abovementioned hydraulic contrivance.
The ram pump sucks water from the reservoir, situated underneath, and into which
all the water runs back, which has passed through the apparatus. The pump
presses into the air vessel K, and the pressure water therefrom is led through the
tube conduits and the regulating valve x into the pressure cylinders H, H¹, and
from these it is discharged through the regulating valve z, when the pressure is
to cease.
When the regulating valve z¹ is closed, the continuously pumped excess of water
escapes through the safety valve.
In the known constructions of calenders and
constructed for the highest pressure, which the
the textile fabrics, and a device for setting it at
the maximal pressure, is not known.
roller manglers, the safety valve is
machine is intended to produce on
any convenient pressure, less than
Formerly all textiles, similarly as with working by a case mangling machine,
were mangled or calendered with constant pressure, and the intended effect was
regulated by the duration of the work. As the fabrics to be treated, according to
their quality, are brought to the desired appearance only under certain pressures,
each fabric under another given pressure and in a certain time, the pressure
between the rollers was sought to be rendered variable.
The improved device, represented by Figs. 6 to 8, enables one to raise the pressure
to any height, by means of a valve x¹, and to indicate this pressure on a scale by a
hand, by means of the regulating valve z¹.
A vertical spindle is rendered axially adjustable by a hand wheel, which causes
the spindle to turn in a screw-nut, laid into the arm, screwed on to the left side of
the standard while the under part of the spindle is held by a simple guide. This
spindle is so connected with the loading lever of the outlet valve x³, that the

page_text: spindle raises the valve by means of a collar. The valve loading lever rests on this
collar, and therefore the outlet valves x can be set at pleasure for different widths
of opening. Thereby the necessary complete opening of the valve is not excluded
and is effected simply by further lifting the hand lever by hand.
By setting the valve for a greater or smaller opening or passage, the hydraulic
pressure is allowed to remain at any required height, because the pump provides
the pressing cylinders H, H¹ uniformly with water, and the quantities of water,
supplied in equal periods of time, escape through the valve according to the width
of the opening of the valve under different pressures.
The turning of the spindle can easily be made perceptible by a pointer on a scale.
The drawing shows for this purpose small bevel wheels, by which the scale is set in
motion, while the pointer remains stationary.

page_text: Improvements in Calenders and Mangles.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of 67 Strand in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention a communication to me
from abroad by August Völkel, of 67 Leipzigerstrasse Berlin, in the German Empire,.
Engineer, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a hydraulic mangle with two rollers which is intended
to replace the case mangle formerly used in factories, and works so that the fabric
to be mangled is wound on a wooden mangling rod and is rolled forward and
backward under high pressure between strong iron rollers.
Usually a paper roller is laid into the machine in lieu of the beam in calenders
constructed as the mangling rollers, or, instead of a paper roller, a heating cylinder
if the other rollers are paper rollers.
In roller mangling machines with two pressing rollers, which is described here
for showing the said improvements, hitherto a movable roller has been caused to
press against a stationary one, and between the two rollers is placed a device for
suitably securing the mangling beam.
As a novelty in the improved machine both pressing rollers approach to and
recede from each other, which renders the driving of both rollers, and the intro-
ducing and withdrawing of the beam very simple As a further novelty, a device
for regulating the pressure is applied.
Reference being had to the accompanying drawings.
The rollers A. B (Sheet I) are at each end laid into strong levers c. d which
have their fulcra in the eyes e. f. of the side frames (Fig. 1). The movable ends of
the levers c. d are hinged to a double lever i by means of coupling rods g. g,
which lever has its fulcrum in the side frame between the centre lines of both
rollers. At each stand the rollers can be approached and removed from each other
simultaneously at each side of the machine by a piston knob acting on the free
end of the double lever i by hydraulic pressure. After the rollers have been
conducted towards each other, the same pressing cylinders are used to produce the
pressure required for mangling For separating automatically the rollers the lower
roller is heavier than the upper roller. The lower roller is adapted to move
inversely the said lever mechanism and the piston of each side of the machine
when the pressure is suspended. In lieu of the hydraulic press also the counter-
weight usually applied to calenders may act on the ends of the double lever.
The heavy driving wheels m¹³, n¹, Fig. 3, which, as usual, are situated only at one
end of the rollers one the one side of the machine, have hitherto always diminished
the uniformity of the useful pressure between the rollers; for the end of the upper
roller on the side of the wheel, presses, owing to the weight of the wheel, more
powerfully on the roller or beam situated thereunder than the other end of the
same roller. By the above described lever combination c. d. g i Fig. 1 the upper
plus difference is directly compensated by the lower minus difference.

page_text: For mangling and calendering textile fabrics both rollers are generally required
to be simultaneously driven and this is rendered possible as follows
The counter shafts or driving shafts k. 1 reaching from one standard to the
other, pass axially through the supporting pivots in the eyes e. f. The journals at
the counter shafts k. I are slightly conical and laid into corresponding bushes
(Fig. 5) which can be adjusted when the rollers have become loose by running.
These bushes, rendered adjustable between end-nuts, serve at the same time as
supporting pivots for the roller levers c. d and prevent the introducing rollers from
being loaded with the pressure of the rollers.
On the counter-shafts are situated the spur wheels m n gearing into the large
spur wheels m¹ n¹ keyed upon the pivots of the rollers.
two driving shafts is effected by straps and pulleys o. p.
ward motion required for maugling is produced by a
situated on the extended lower axle l.
The connection of the
The forward and back-
known friction gearing,
At the same axle is situated the pump for delivering the pressure fluid into the
hydraulic press. Strong projections are cast on the side frames in which the
pressure cylinders are journalled by means of trunnions, and so that the pressure
cylinders can follow the motion of the levers i.
The introduction and withdrawal of the wooden beam, on which the textile
fabrics are wound, was effected heretofore with the roller mangles by hand, or by
particular contrivances, which however require much hand labour.
The improved contrivance for introducing and withdrawing the rods is automatic,
and can be operated without particular aid from the workman solely by with-
drawing the rollers from each other which is always required, when letting out each
rod, for releasing the pressure.
The fully charged beams are laid on a running track or rail of the machine
with their end pivots (Figs. 1 to 5 Sheet 2). and subsequently the rods arrive
successively into the mangling process, rolling with the pivots on the slightly
inclined plane and after this they arrive at the other end, of the running track y,
from which the rods are removed. By means of various stop devices or regulating
mechanisms which as aforesaid are only operated by lifting the mangling rollers,
each rod is forced into the mangling process and again liberated thereout.
•
At the inner side of each standard a slide a is guided vertically (Figs. 1 to 5)
This slide contains a vertical hollow prism open towards the interior of the
machine in which prism are kept the pivots of the beams during the process of
mangling This hollow prism is formed by two flanks a¹ and a. The flank a²
towards the outlet side of the machine is a little higher than the other and serves
as an abutment for the pivots of that beam, which just gets into the process of
mangling from the running track y. Without the stop produced by this abutment
the beam would roll on the plane past the centre lines of the rollers.
To the slide proper a are screwed on triangular bodies b with long suspended
sides by means of which the next beam coming into the process of mangling, and
all beams behind the same still being out of action on the track, are meanwhile
supported (Fig. 3). Both stops hitherto described can be set in and out of action
by the perpendicular motion of the slide a and these operations are initiated on
each side of the machine by means of the double lever i which as shown, also
serves to lift and lower the mangling rollers.
To a revolvable axle v laid into the standards are rigidly secured the levers v¹
connected with the slide so that they can be lifted and lowered. Further are
rigidly secured to the axle v the levers v2 (Fig. 1) which are considerably shorter
than the aforementioned levers and connected with the roller levers i by links w.
By this arrangement of the levers the slides with the stopping mechanism have
a greater length of travel than the mangling rollers have, and the mangling rollers
need only be moved to a short distance apart to enable one beam to get out of the
central line of the roller and another to get in.
On the running track there is also an adjustable stop g². For the purpose of
inserting a fresh beam the slides are lowered, so that their highest points get under

page_text: the surface of the track. Subsequently the first beam previously retained by the
sides of the body b, rolls on to the inserted abutment g². When the slides are lifted
to the height of the abutment, the triangular body b catches under the beam
held by the abutment g² and lifts the same over the abutment. The beam rolls
towards the slide and gets with its pivot between the flanks a' a' (Fig. 3) while
simultaneously the sides suspended from the body b catch and retain the following
beam.
During mangling the slide is lifted by the pressure of the mangling rollers so
much that its flanks a¹, a², keep the pivots of the beam with complete security.
The release or delivery from the mangling process without interrupting the
revolution of the mangling rollers is effected at the same time with the afore-
mentioned approach of the next beam, by the slide being lowered with all its parts
under the running track. The completely mangled beam rolls over the higher
flank a into the lower end of the track. The next roller coming into the mangling
process however rolls on to the abutment g².
Without this abutment it would also run directly past the central line of the
rollers. The workman keeps constantly standing at his place and there he has
nothing to do, but to initiate the return of the revolution of the rollers by means
of the friction gear, and to release by and by the pressure between the rollers for
inserting and withdrawing the rods or beams.
The latter is effected by managing the abovementioned hydraulic contrivance.
The ram pump sucks water from the reservoir situated underneath, and into which
all the water runs back, which has passed through the apparatus. The pump
presses into the air vessel K and the pressure water therefrom is led through the
tube conduits and the regulating valve x into the pressure cylinders H, H', and
from these it is discharged through the regulating valve z¹, when the pressure is
to cease.
When the regulating valve al is closed the continuously pumped excess of water
escapes through the safety valve.
In the known constructions of calenders and roller mangles, the safety valve is
constructed for the highest pressure, which the machine is intended to produce on
the textile fabrics and a device for setting it at any convenient pressure less than
the maximum pressure is not known.
Formerly all textiles similarly as with working by a case mangling machine
were mangled or calendered with constant pressure, and the intended effect was
regulated by the duration of the work. As the fabrics to be treated according to
their quality, are brought to the desired appearance only under certain pressures
each fabric under another given pressure and in a certain time, the pressure
between the rollers was sought to be rendered variable.
The improved device represented by Figs. 6 to 8 enables one to raise the
pressure to any height by means of a valve c¹ and to indicate this pressure on a
scale by a hand.
A vertical spindle z. is rendered axially adjustable by a hand wheel which causes
the spindle to turn in a screw nut laid into the arm screwed on to the left side of
the standard while the under part of the spindle is held by a simple guide. This
spindle is so connected with the loading lever of the outlet valve x', that the
spindle raises the valve by means of a collar.
The valve loading lever rests on this collar and therefore the outlet valve x¹ can
be set at pleasure for different widths of opening. Thereby the necessary complete
opening of the valve is not excluded and is effected simply by further lifting the
hand lever by hand.
By setting the valve for a greater or smaller opening or passage, the hydraulic
pressure is allowed to remain at any required height because the pump provides
the pressing cylinders H. H' uniformly with water, and the quantities of water
supplied in equal periods of time escape through the valve, according to the width
of the opening of the valve under different pressures. The turning of the spindle
can easily be made perceptible by a pointer on a scale. The drawing shows for

page_text: this purpose sinall bevel wheels by which the scale is set in motion while the
pointer remains stationary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In calenders or mangles the device for pressing the rollers, which consists in
the combination of the levers c. d and i with or without the belt-connection of the
wheel gearing of the two rollers.
2. The device for the stopping of the pivots of the beams on the slightly inclined
plane y, consisting of the bodies b, stop g² and the higher flank a, which are
actuated solely by the vertical motion of the slide a simultaneously with the raising
and lowering of the mangling rollers.
3. For securing the regulating and uniformity in pressure of the water, which is
continuously pumped to the pressure cylinders, the adjustable outlet valve x¹ of the
hydraulic device, adapted to be set from above, in combination with an indicator
for showing the pressure on a scale.