CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL AND MALLEABLE MAL- LEABLE STONES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Juste Giret, of Rue Papillon, Paris, France,
Gentleman, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL AND MALLEABLE
Sealed the 20th October 1858, and dated the 21st June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Juste Giret at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1853.
I, JUSTE GIRET, of Ruc Papillon, France, Gentleman, and of
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare that the nature
of the Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL AND MAL-
LEABLE STONES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the production of malleable artificial
stones by employing all kinds of earth, sand, stone, and other mineral
substances, and uniting them by the power of heat, making use of
several chemical agents to melt and work them. The kind of furnaces

page_text: I employ are shown in the Drawing, where Fig. 1, represents the
drying furnace; Fig. 2, the furnace for fusing the materials; Fig. 3,
receptacle for cooling. I also give color to the stones by the employ-
ment of several metallic oxides.
ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION TO PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
The Invention consists in combining all kinds of sand, stones, and
other inineral and earthy substances by the action of heat, and making
use of several improved apparatus and chemical agents to melt and
work them (according to the Drawing annexed), by which different
forms and coloration are given to them, according to the objects to be
produced.
The materials are previously submitted to the action of a high degree
of heat in the furnace, Figure 1, and made red hot, after which they are
pounded to an impalpable powder. The powders so obtained are
mixed with chemical agents, such as, boracic acid, oxide of lead, potash,
soda, &c., having the property to make them enter into fusion, which
are placed in the melting furnace No. 2, with the powders from whence
the melted matters flow out, and fall in a basin containing cold water,
where they are instantly transformed into the form of sand naturally
coloured. The hue of coloration is determined by adding metallic
oxides. After their egressing from the melting furnace, the materials
are triturated anew, and pounded down to impalpable powder.
The powders placed in fire clay moulds, and submitted to the action
of the furnace, become compact and solid, assuming the shape of the
mould..
When the solidification of the artificial stones is complete, .the
moulds and their contents are taken out of the furnace to be deposited
in cooling boxes, Figure 3.

page_text: Figure 2, melting furnace; A, B, C, D, two fire clay tubes; E, F,
fire-place; G, vaulted chamber underneath, in which is a reservoir full
of cold water; H, ash pit.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Juste Giret in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 21st December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JUSTE GIRET, of Rue Papillon, Paris, France, Gentleman, and of
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Juste Giret, Her special license
that I, the said Juste Giret, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Juste Giret, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
ARTIFICIAL AND MALLEABLE STONES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR
SUCH PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said
Juste Giret, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent:
NOW KNOW. YE, that I, the said. Juste Giret, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and, by
the following: statement thereof; reference being had to the Drawing

page_text: hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:
The Invention consists in manufacturing artificial malleable stone
from all kinds of sand, earth, stone, and metallic ore, in the same
manner as metals are usually worked.
I use indifferently all kinds of sand, earth, stone, or metallic ore,
and submit them at first to the action of a strong heat in an oven, the
peculiar form of which is shown in Figure 1, of the Drawing. When
the substances are at the point of red heat I pound them in cast iron
or granite mortars, and reduce them to an impalpable powder. The
substances thus reduced to powder are then mixed with some fluxes,
such as boracic acid, oxide of lead, potash, and soda, to obtain a more
easy fusion, and placed in the melting oven, Figure 2, from whence the
result of the fusion is precipitated in a vessel containing cold water,
where they are transformed instantaneously into the form of natural
colored sand, the coloring of which may be more strongly determined
by the addition of different metallic oxides when in the melting oven;
the matters being thus cooled are again triturated, pounded, and
reduced into particles or an impalpable powder. The powders are
now placed in fire clay moulds, and submitted to the action of the oven,
for the purpose of being solidified and taking the form of the mould.
As the solidification of the powders thus moulded becomes complete
the moulds and their contents are withdrawn from the oven and
deposited in cooling vessels, shown in Figure 3. When the stones are
cooled they are withdrawn from these moulds to give them a polish,
which is performed in the same manner as for natural stones; or, if
required, I again place them in the oven in order to soften them, and
in that state give them any desired form by compression, or any other
convenient means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, represents the baking oven: it is composed of a tube or
retort A, B, prepared of fire clay, and suitably placed in the furnace
C, D, and surrounded with a mass of burning coal; the orifice B, of
the retort communicates with the chamber E, which is separate and

page_text: which the fuel is introduced; H, the ash pan. The interior of the
chimney I, J, is provided with the sheet or cast iron sand box V,
communicating at top by means of the inclined pipe L, with the
vessel K, and the lower extremity of the said sand box V, is joined to
the inclined pipe M.
Figure 2, represents the fusing oven, which is composed of fire clay
tubes A, B, and C, D; A, B, being oblique, and C, D, perpendicular;
their points of junction C, B, is placed in the centre of a furnace filled
with incandescent coal; the interior of the tube A, B, can be lined with
platinum. The fusing oven communicates on one side by means of the
opening of the tube A, B, with a workshop, and on the other side
with the coal store-room; the lower extremity D, is in communication
with a vaulted room G, in which is placed the reservoir H, full of cold
water.
Figure 3, represents the fire clay or wrought or cast iron cooling
vessels; they may be made of any form and dimensions, but care must
be taken to construct them of a capacity at least four times larger than
the volume of stone moulds they are destined to receive.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood
that I do not restrict myself to the precise mode of operating, as the
same may be varied; but what I claim is, the process and apparatus
for producing and moulding artificial stone from all kinds of sand,
earth, stone, and metallic ore, as herein-before described and re-
ferred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said Juste Giret, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, One thousand eight
0 Witness,
L. DE FONTAINE MOREAU.
Je GIRET. (L.S.)