Improvements in and relating to Oil, Vapour, or Gas Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1899-Accepted, 24th June, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Oil, Vapour, or Gas Motors.
We, ALBERT RAYET and GEORGES DORÉ, both of 128, Rue du Bois, Levallois-
Perret, France, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
The present application for a patent relates to a new balanced motor having a
four period cycle and two cylinders which are adapted to utilise a light petroleum
oil, petroleum spirit or lighting gas.
To enable this invention to be more readily understood we shall assume in the
following deseription, the case of a motor worked by petroleum spirit (petrol).
The invention has for its objects:-
1st. To considerably reduce the bulk of the motor by arranging the breach or
explosion chamber eccentrically with reference to the two cylinders which are
arranged tandem fashion, in which case the motor shaft is situated in the middle
between the two cylinders and is connected directly to two countercranked con-
necting rods.
2ndly. To drive directly the exhaust valve by means of the crank shaft so as to
thereby dispense with any kind of gearing.
3rdly. To control automatically the distribution of the petroleum spirit to the
carburetting chamber by the action or operation of the suction valve whose motion
is transmitted by mechanical means to the valve which controls the admission of
the spirit in such a manner as to admit at each suction stroke the requisite quantity
of spirit which then enters the carburetting chamber.
4thly. To dispense with all water circulation and to effect the cooling by means
of ventilation produced by means of perforated fly wheels having inclined slats
constituting louvres.
This improved motor has the advantages of affording, with a compact and strong
construction and a weight which is considerably less than that of motors of the
same kind actually existing, an arrangement of parts of great simplicity which are
readily accessible and which by their grouping ensure a perfect balancing of the
system, thereby destroying all kinds of vibration. In order that the invention
and the manner in which it is to be carried into practice may be clearly understood,
we shall now proceed to describe the same with reference, for this purpose, to the
accompanying drawings in which:-
--
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of the motor, the left hand cylinder being
shewn in longitudinal section through its axis.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section through the axis of the cylinders on the line 3-3
of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the cylinders, the breech being removed, so as to
shew better the arrangement of the concounter-cranked connecting rods and of the
crank shaft.
Figures 5 and 6 are details, on a much larger scale, of the arrangement for
operating the exhaust valve.

page_text: Figure 5 is an end elevation, and
Figure 6 is an elevation partly in section, looking from the left hand of
Figure 5.
Figures 7 and 8 are end views at 180° to each other, of the exhaust cams.
Figure 7 shews the cam in plan with relation to Figure 5, and Figure 8 is an
underside view of the same with relation to the same figure.
Figure 9 is a vertical section, on the same scale as
Figures 5-8, of the admission valve, of the carburetting chamber, and of the
valve which controls the distribution of the spirit, as also of the mechanism by
which the motion of the exhaust valve is transmitted to the said valve.
Figure 10 is a detail, in elevation at right angles with reference to Figure 9,
of the upper part of the cylindrical chamber arranged upon the carburetting
chamber and in which this valve is situated.
Figure 11 is a plan of Figure 10.
Figures 12, 13 and 14 are details, in elevation, in section and in plan respectively,
of the fly wheel provided with vanes designed to ensure the cooling of the motor.
a a are the two cylinders arranged one opposite the other, and connected
together by the framing band the bridge piece that forms a breech
or explosion chamber common to the two cylinders, which consequently work
together. In the cylinders a, a', there are adapted to work the pistons d d respec-
tively operating two counter cranked connecting rods e, e', which are attached
symmetrically to and act simultaneously upon the crank shaft f by means of two
cranks f, f, arranged at 180° apart on either side of the common axis of the two
motors. The crank shaft is mounted in suitable bearings b1, b2, of the framing b.
The shaft is provided at each end outside the bearings 61, 62, with the ventilating
Hy wheels g, g, upon which there may also be arranged belts for the purpose of
transmitting the motion to the shafting which is to be driven. Or, the shaft f
may also be provided for this purpose with any suitable arrangement of gearing
or clutch mechanism or coupling. By this means it will be seen that the motor
is perfectly equilibrated or balanced and that the vibrations which result from
the oscillatory movements of the system which is fastened to the framing by means
of the connections 63 are reduced to a minimum. Upon the breech e there are
mounted the exhaust valve h and the suction valve i. The exhaust valve h is
operated directly by the crank shaft f by means of the following arrangement,
(see Figures 5 and 6).
Upon the crank shaft f and fixed thereto there is mounted a disc in the
periphery of which there is formed a double groove composed of two circular
portions, which are parallel to the face of the disc j along the greater part
of the circumference of the latter and are connected together crosswise (as is clearly
shewn in Figure 8) by the portions j", j, which intersect each other in the point j³.
This groove serves to guide a bar of hardened steel k which is fixed at to the
pendulum that is guided at its upper part at and is perfectly balanced. This
pendulum carries at its lower end the roller which is capable of rolling on the
cam arranged by the side of the disc with which it forms one piece. When
the roller is situated on the high part of the cam j, the pendulum raises by
means of its upper end, the rocker m that is pivotted at m¹ and which on bearing
by means of the adjustable abutment me upon the head of the rod 2 of the
exhaust valve h, opens the latter. A spring serves to return the valve h onto
its seat, and a spring m³ serves to maintain the rocker m in engagement with the
upper end of the pendulum 7. It will be seen that the groove j¹, 2, 3, j', is
arranged in the form of a tongue or switch point in a manner which is well known
and has been employed, notably in the earlier motors of the Daimler system in
such a manner that the bar k will move the roller 12 into engagement with the
cam at the moment of the exhaust and will cause it to leave said cam during
the period of suction, compression, and explosion, by reason of the oscillatory
motion which is imparted through the medium of the flexible bark and of the
groove j', j³, j³¹. The period of this oscillation extends to two revolutions of

page_text: the disc and consequently of the shaft f as will be readily understood. The
bark which has only the function of guiding the pendulum 7, is not subjected
to any strain and may consequently be made of very small dimensions. The
suction valve i controls automatically, as already above stated, the distribution of
spirit in the carburetting chamber (Figure 9). For this purpose it carries at its
upper end, a rod that operates the distributing lever whose stroke may be
regulated by means of the movable strap of that constitutes the point of support
of the said lever. The exhaust and suction valves and i which form one piece,
are arranged across and above the two cylinders and a to which they are
attached by means of fixing bolts. p is the relief or compression cock for allowing
of starting the engine by hand. The carburetter to which the variable supply is
thus regulated by means of the suction valve is based on a principle which is
absolutely novel. It is composed of a cylindrical chamber or vessel which forms
a valve casing and which serves as the receiver for the spirit the distribution of
which is effected by means of the ball valve or spherical valve g' that is raised
at the desired moment by the rod operated by the distributing lever o aforesaid.
This chamber is arranged above the carburetting chamber proper R. This
arrangement affords this advantage that since the carburetter also forms part of
the general arrangement of the cylinders and of the framing, it is thereby heated.
The lift of the ball which rests upon the seat is regulated by means of the
screw. The inflammable liquid is conducted to the vessel 7 by means of pipes
for this purpose which are connected to the unions 75 76 (Figs. 10-11). As will
be seen, after the spirit has been distributed as above it becomes pulverised by
having to pass in front of a series of air admission holes pierced at the upper part
of the carburetting chamber n, in which metal fabrics are arranged in large
number in order to effect an intimate mingling of the pulverised spirit and of the
air which enters at and thereby constitute the explosive mixture. In the
chamber, above the fabrics s and in front of the valve there is interposed a
valve a mounted on an axle a¹ which is operated by means of an external handle ²
(Figures 1 and 2) which allows, by varying the opening of the valve u, of regulating
the quantity of mixture which is admitted to the explosion chamber by the valve i.
It will be understood that instead of arranging the control of the rod by means of
the valve outside the valve casing, the controlling mechanism (rod and dis-
tributing lever ) might be arranged inside said casing. The heating of the motor
is provided against very efficiently at least in the case of motors of medium
powers working at 500 or 600 revolutions, without it being necessary to have
recourse to water circulation by the arrangement in the interior of the perforated
fly wheels g, gl, and between the arms of the latter (see Figures 12 to 14) of vanes
or bladest forming louvres and producing, when the fly wheels rotate, an energetic
ventilation which has a very efficient cooling action on the engine. Nevertheless
in certain cases where desirable, there might also be provided together with said
ventilation, a water circulation, the arrangement of which however would not present
any difficulty and which therefore we need not further describe here. The ignition
of the motor may be effected either by incandescence or by electricity by one of the
well known means heretofore employed for this purpose and the invention is not
limited to any particular arrangement in this respect.
It will be understood that many modifications of the details might readily be
made in the above described motor which is illustrated by way of example in the
accompanying drawings, whilst however, remaining within the scope of this inven-
tion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
(1) In a motor of the kind described, the arrangement of counter-cranked con-
necting rods which act directly upon the crank shaft to which they transmit the
motion of the pistons, substantially as described and shewn.

page_text: (2) In a motor of the kind described, the arrangement of the cylinders tandem
fashion and their connection by means of a breech or explosion chamber which
is eccentric with reference to the common axis of the cylinders, and upon which
are mounted the exhaust and suction valves, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described and as shewn in the accompanying drawings.
(3) In a motor of the kind described, the controlling in a mechanical automatic
and positive manner, of the distribution of the spirit or other inflammable liquid
to the carburetter by means of the motion of the admission valve, substantially as
above described and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
(4) In a motor of the kind described, the combination with a carburetting
chamber such as n provided with metallic fabrics which are intended to produce
the intimate mixture of the air and of the inflammable liquid, of a vessel such as
communicating with the reservoir of inflammable liquid and provided with a valve
such as g that is operated automatically by the admission valve and which allows
at each suction stroke of the motor a predetermined quantity of said liquid to pass
to the carburetting chamber, substantially as above described and shewn in the
accompanying drawings.
(5) In a motor of the kind described, controlling the exhaust valve in a positive
manner by means of a switch tongue arrangement of the balance pendulum type
and of a flexible guiding bar substantially as herein above described and shewn
by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
(6) In a motor worked by petroleum or gas, the arrangement of the ventilating
fly wheels such as g g which are perforated and provided between their arms, with
slats or vanes such as that allow of dispensing with the circulation of water
which is always expensive, substantially as and for the purposes described and as
shewn by way of example in the accompanying drawings.
(7) In a petroleum motor of the kind described, the combination with the suction
valve, of a regulating valve such as u for controlling the quantity of mixture which
passes from the carburetting chamber to the explosion chamber of the motor, sub-
stantially as described and shown.
(8) An improved motor working with spirit, petroleum, or gas, having a cycle
of four periods substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn by way of
example in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 19th day of May 1899.
Led this 19th day of May 1899.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc.M.Inst.C.E., M.I.Mech.E.,
Chartered Patent Agent, 70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Associate Agent.