IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND
POLISHING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by John Wyman
Blake, of Jersey City, in the State of New Jersey, United States
of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd October 1875.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
GRINDING AND POLISHING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by John

page_text: Wyman Blake, of Jersey City, in the State of New Jersey, United
States of America, to be as follows :—
This Invention relates moro particularly to machinery or apparatus to
be employed for grinding and polishing castings and other articles, and
it consists of an improved mode of supporting an emery wheel or other
grindstone, and of transmitting motion thereto, whereby facility is
afforded for traversing the grindstone in any required direction during
its revolution in order to admit of the grinding or polishing of articles
of an irregular or other form without the necessity for moving the
article itself under operation.
In carrying out this Invention the apparatus is arranged in the
following manner :-To or from an overhead beam or any other con-
venient support there is attached or suspended a frame of suitable
construction, carrying a spindle on which there are mounted a pulley
for receiving motion from any suitable prime mover, and another 1
pulley for transmitting such motion by means of a cord or strap to an
intermediate pulley, whence it is transmitted to the grindstone in the
manner herein-after explained.
The intermediate pulley before referred to for receiving motion from
the driven pulley on the driving spindle is mounted on a spindle carried
in the forked extremities of one end of a double forked rod, the forked
extremities of the opposite end of which are loosely fitted on to the
driving spindle. The intermediate spindle also carries another pulley,
whence motion is transmitted by means of a cord or strap to a pulley
fast on a spindle carrying the grindstone, and thence to such grind. 2
stone.
The grindstone spindle and the intermediate spindle are connected
together by a double forked rod, similar in construction to that before
mentioned, but provided in addition with a cross bar or projections
extending at each side of the rod at right angles to its axis. To each
projection or end of the cross bar there is attached the extremity of onc
of two cords, which respectively pass over two additional pullies
mounted either on sleeves or tubes around the driving spindle or on
brackets, or otherwise, and carry weights which serve to support and
balance the rod carrying the grindstone in any desired position. Each 3
of the forked rods is made in parts, fitted together with telescopic joints
and set screws, so as to admit of their length being adjusted to com-

page_text: pensate for variations in the length of the cords or straps, and also with
socket joints in order to render one portion of the rod capable of an
axial motion within or around the other portion.
The joints may be conveniently arranged in the following manner :—
The forked extremities of one end are made separate from the rod,
which is constructed of a tubular form in one picce with the forked
extremities of the opposite end, and the two parts are connected
together by a solid rod, one end of which enters the hollow rod in which
it is adjustably fitted and secured by a set screw in order to admit of
the distance between the two forked ends being varied as required,
whilst the other end of the solid rod is loosely fitted in a boss formed
on the separate forked end, so as to render one part capable of an axial
motion relatively to the other, the solid rod being retained in its placo
by means of a jam nut or otherwise.
By means of these arrangements the grindstone may be moved by
the operator at any angle and in any required direction during its
rotation, according to the shape of the article being operated upon,
whereby the necessity for moving the article itself for the purpose of
bringing the whole surface successively within the range of the grind-
stone is entirely obviated.
It is obvious that the number of forked rods which form the links of
the apparatus may be increased if found desirable in practice, as also
that cone pullies may be employed.
When in the course of the operation it is no longer required to vary
the position of the grindstone the latter may be dropped into a portable
or fixed frame or rest so as to enable it to be operated as a non-
traversing tool after the manner of an ordinary grindstone.
When it is required to obtain a more accurate surface than can bo
produced by the manipulation of the apparatus by the hand of the
operator, suitable guides or rests may be provided over or in contact
with which the frame of the grindstone may be traversed, such
frame being provided with a vertical or other adjustment if found
necessary.
The Invention is also applicable to the mounting and actuating of
scratch brushes for cleaning castings, as also of other tools, such, for
example, as circular saws or cutters, drills, and the like, where the

page_text: capability of changing the position of the tool relatively to the work in
lieu of moving the article itself under operation is considered advan-
tageous, suitable modifications being made to adapt the Invention to the
particular purpose to which it is to be applied.
For example, when the Invention is applied to drilling purposes a
motion may be obtained at right angles to the axis of the tool, if desired,
by the employment of bevel wheels or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 22nd April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my exccutors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," a communication to mo
from abroad by John Wyman Blake, of Jersey City, in the State of
New Jersey, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:-
The said Invention relates more particularly to machinery or
apparatus to be employed for grinding and polishing castings and other
articles, and it consists of an improved mode of supporting an emery
wheel or other grindstone, and of transmitting motion thereto, whereby
facility is afforded for traversing the grindstone in any required direction
during its revolution in order to admit of the grinding or polishing of
articles of an irregular or other form without the necessity for moving
the article itself under operation.
The apparatus is composed of a series of frames or rods jointed
together, and carrying appliances for transmitting motion in such a
manner as to admit of the grindstone, which is supported at one
externity of the series, being placed at any required angle and
driven from the opposite end of the series when in any adjusted
position.
A peculiar feature of this Invention consists in the application of
arrangements of telescopic and socket joints whereby the frames or
rods are rendered capable of longitudinal adjustment and of axial
motions, and also in the provision of a sliding weight bar connected to
weights for counterbalancing the grindstone in any desired position, and
at any angle required.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of referenco indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a sectional
elevation of the apparatus extended; Figure 2 is an elevation taken at

page_text: right angles to Figure 1, shewing the frame or rod carrying the grind-
stone placed at an angle to the other portion of the apparatus ready for
operation. Figure 3 is a plan corresponding to Figure 2; and Figure 4
is a detail to be herein-after referred to.
To or from an overhead beam a, or any other convenient support,
there is attached or suspended a frame 6 of suitable construction
carrying a spindle c, on which there are mounted fast and loose
pulleys d, d³, for receiving motion from any suitable prime mover, and
another pulley e, by preference made in one with the pulley d, for
transmitting by means of a cord f the motion imparted to the pulley d
to an intermediate pulley 9, whence it is transmitted to the grindstone /
in the manner herein-after explained.
The intermediate pulley 9, which is provided with a groove g¹ for the
reception of the cord f, is mounted on a spindle i carried in the forked
extremities of one end of a double-forked rod 1, the forked extremities ¹
of the opposite end of which are loosely fitted on to the driving spindle c.
The pulley has formed in it in addition to the groove g' which receives
the cord fa groove m for the reception of a cord n, whereby motion
is transmitted to a pulley o fast on a spindle p carrying the grind-
stone so as to actuate the latter.
I
The grindstone spindle p and the intermediate spindle i are connected
together by a double-forked rod q similar in construction to the double-
forked rod, but provided in addition with a sliding boss having
projections & extending at each side of the rod q at right angles to its
axis, and which form the weight bar hercin-before referred to. To cach
end of the bar & there is attached the extremity of one of two cords t, t,
which respectively pass over two additional pulleys u, u, and carry
weights, v, which serve to support and balance the rod q carrying the
grindstone in any desired position.
8
The adjustment of the balance is effected by sliding the weight bar &
along the rod q until the parts are in equilibrio, when it is secured by
means of a set screw s¹ (Figure 2), but the balance may also be adjusted
by the addition to or diminution of the weights carried by the
cords t, t.
T
LI

page_text: mounted loosely upon the driving spindle c, but in lieu of this arrange-
ment they may be carried on brackets, or otherwise if preferred. Each
of the forked rods l, q, is made in parts fitted together with telescopic
joints and set screws so as to admit of their length being adjusted to
different lengths of cords, and to compensate for variations in the length
of the cords, or for any other required purpose, and also with socket
joints in order to render one portion of the rod capable of an axial
motion within or around the other portion.
These arrangements are shewn clearly in the detail, Figure 4, which
represents a portion of the rod q drawn to an enlarged scale, the rods
being constructed in a similar manner. The forked extremities to, x,
are made separate from the rod, which is constructed in two parts con-
sisting of a tube q and a solid rod z, attached by nuts y, z¹, respectively
to the extremities 10, x. One end of the rod enters the tubo q, in
which it is capable of adjustment in order to admit of the distanco
between the two forked ends wo, x, being varied as required, the two
parts being secured in any adjusted position by means of a set screw 1.
The tube զ is made solid at its end 2, which is loosely fitted in a boss
formed on the forked end 10 so as to render one part capable of an axial
motion relatively to the other, and the solid rod may be either rigidly
fixed or it may be retained in its place loosely in the forked end x in a
similar manner to the tube q in the forked end 10 so as to admit of its
turning in its bearing.
In using the apparatus the operator lays hold of handles 5, 5,
which are provided for the facility of manipulation, and moves the
grindstone during its rotation at any angle and in any required direction
according to the shape of the article under operation, the necessity for
moving the article itself for the purpose of bringing the whole surface
successively within the range of the grindstone being entirely obviated
by means of this arrangement.
In Figures 2 and 3, the rod q is shewn at right angles to the rod 2,
and similarly it may be moved to any other required angle.
It is obvious that the number of forked rods which form the links of
the apparatus may be increased if found desirable in practice. The
pulleys e, g, are by preference made with additional grooves, as shewn,
for example, at 3, 4, thereby forming cone pulleys for the purpose of

page_text: varying the speed as required. The cord 6 is provided for the facility
of shifting the belt.
When in the course of the operation it is no longer required to vary
the position of the grindstone the latter may be dropped into a portable
or fixed frame or rest so as to enable it to be operated as a non- i
traversing tool after the manner of an ordinary grindstone.
When it is required to obtain a more accurate surface than can be
produced by the manipulation of the apparatus by the hand of the
operator suitable guides or rests may be provided, over or in contact
with which the frames of the grindstone may be traversed, such 1
frame being provided with a vertical or other adjustment, if found
necessary.
The Invention is also applicable to the mounting and actuating of
scratch brushes for cleaning castings, as also of other tools, such, for
example, as circular saws or cutters, drills, and the like, where the 1
capability of changing the position of the tool relatively to the work,
in lieu of moving the article itself under operation, is considered advan-
tageous, suitable modifications being made to adapt the Invention to the
particular purpose to which it is to be applied.
For example, when the Invention is applied to drilling purposes, a 2
motion may be obtained at right angles to the axis of the tool, if
desired, by the employment of bevel wheels, or otherwise.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not claim 2
generally the employment of a series of jointed frames or rods carrying
appliances for transmitting motion to a tool or instrument connected
with such jointed frames or rods so as to admit of articles being
operated upon at various parts without the necessity for moving the
articles themselves under operation; but what I consider to be novel 3
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, constructing the
jointed frames or rods with telescopic and socket joints so as to render
them capable of longitudinal adjustment and of axial motions, and
with counterweights adjustable to suit the length and angle of the frames 3
or rods for the purpose of counterbalancing the tool or instrument in

page_text: the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Ninoteenth day of
April, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)