IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING HEAT AND MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Shillito, Engineer, and David Moor, Mer-
chant, both of No. 51, High Street, in the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING HEAT AND MOTIVE
POWER."
Sealed the 10th November 1863, and dated the 15th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Shillito and
David Moor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition on the 15th May 1863.
We, BENJAMIN SHILLITO, Engineer, and DAVID MOOR, Merchant, both of
No. 51, High Street, in the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING
HEAT AND MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
Instead of constructing steam engine and other furnaces in the usual way,
and effecting combustion by admitting a free current of atmospheric air beneath
the furnace bars alone, or partly beneath the furnace bars and partly through
or above the furnace door and on to the burning fuel, or as is otherwise usually
done, and by regulating the combustion of the fuel by the admission of the
current of atmospheric air alone or aided by a steam blast or jet of stean, and
with or without the use of a damper, we so form the furnace as to burn off
the fuel within an air-tight inclosure, and force in under the requisite pressure
the amount of atmospheric air necessary for effecting the combustion of the
fuel. We regulate the emission or escape of the products of combustion from
the furnace and flues or passages by means of a valve, damper,, or regulator
capable of being closed air-tight, and the-hopper door or other means of
admitting the fuel into the furnace is closed air-tight to resist the requisite
pressure. The shape or internal form and the dimensions, of the furnace.

page_text: must be varied to suit the particular form of boiler, or the purpose to which
it has to be adapted, and the air may be compressed to the required extent
by any of the well-known means at present in use, such as by pumps, fans,
and such like apparatus, and the pressure at which the air is to be employed
within the furnace, as also the rate of combustion, is regulated by the escape of
the products of combustion through a regulator in the emission pipe or flue.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Shillito and David Moor in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 14th November 1863,
. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, we, BENJAMIN
SHILLITO, Engineer, and DAVID MOOR, Merchant, of No. 51, High Street, in
the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Benjamin Shillito and David Moor, Her special license that we, the
said Benjamin Shillito and David Moor, her executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Benjamin Shillitto and David Moor,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING
HEAT AND MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Benjamin Shillito and David. Moor, our executors or administrators, 'by
an instrument in writing under our hand and seal, or under the hand and
seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Benjamin Shillito and David Moor,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, that is to say:-

page_text: Instead of constructing steam engine and other. furnaces in the usual way,
and effecting combustion by admitting a free current of atmospheric air
beneath the surface bars alone, or partly beneath the furnace bars, and partly
through or above the furnace door, and on to the burning fuel, or as is other-
wise usually done, and regulating the combustion of the fuel by the admission of
the current of atmospheric air alone, or aided by a steam blast or jet of steam,
and with or without the use of a damper. We so form the furnace as to burn
off the fuel within an air-tight inclosure, and force in under the requisite pres-
sure, the amount of atmospheric air necessary for effecting the combustion of
the fuel. We regulate the emission or escape of the products of combustion
from the furnace and flues, or passages, by means of a valve, damper, or regu-
lator, or by valves, dampers, or regulators capable of being closed air-tight,
and the hopper, door, or other means of admitting the fuel into the furnace is
closed air-tight to resist the requisite pressure. The shape or internal form,
and the dimensions of the furnace must be varied to suit the particular form
of boiler, or the purpose to which it has to be adapted; and the air may be
compressed to the required extent by any of the well-known means at present
in use, such as by pumps, fans, and such like apparatus; and the pressure at
which the air is to be employed within the furnace, as also the rate of com-
bustion, is regulated by the escape of the products of combustion through a
regulator in the emission pipe or flue. The air forced into the furnace under
pressure, may be heated to any required extent before it is brought into
contact with the fuel. The gaseous and highly heated products of combustion
arising from the burning in of the fuel within the small close furnace, may be
passed into the boiler, and mixed along with the steam, and the mechanical
force due thereto thus be utilized. Instead of employing directly the steam
or the steam and highly beated products of combustion combined together for
the purpose of producing motion in the engine, the boiler, and its furnace,
constructed according to this Invention, may be placed as closely as con-
venient to a boiler of the ordinary or any suitable kind, and the highly super-
heated steam, or steam and gaseous products combined (generated in the
smaller boiler constructed according to this Invention) may be passed in the
water contained in the larger boiler, and so generate steam of sufficient
pressure and temperature for the purpose for which it is required to be
employed. The fuel may be fed into the close furnace by means of a hopper
with chambers or drop spaces, closed with air-tight slides or valves, or the fuel.
may be fed in by means of a screw or screws (or any other of the well-known.
mechanical means) inclosed within a chamber or tube.
In every case it is important to thoroughly protect and encase the boilers

page_text: and furnaces constructed according to this Invention, to prevent the great loss
arising from the radiation of heat; and as the employment of compressed air
for promoting the combustion of the fuel within the air-tight furnace neces-
sitates a furnace with but a very small cubical capacity as compared with the
heat-abstracting surfaces, those should be of as great an extent as possible,
and of the best form calculated to abstract the heat, and transmit it to the
water to be converted into steam.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings we have shown for the purpose of
illustrating the principle or features of our Invention, some of the modes in
which it may be adopted in practise, but we do not intend thereby to imply
that in the views so shown we have illustrated the best methods of putting our
Invention into practical operation, the object being rather to show adaptations
of our Invention to some of the ordinary and well-known types of boilers.
Figure 1 is an end view of the fire-box end of a horizontal tubular boiler';
and Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a portion thereof, showing one mode
or method of adapting and applying our Invention to an existing form of
boiler.
A is the barrel; B, the furnace; C, the fire-bars; D, the hopper and feed
pipe through which the furnace charged with fuel; d and d', the air-tight
slides or valves, by the alternate opening and closing of which the charging
of the furnace with the fuel from the hopper is effected; these slides or doors
are so fitted as to be capable of withstanding the requisite pressure; E, the
ash-pit; F, the pipe through which the compressed air is admitted beneath
the fire-bars.
In the arrangement of apparatus shown in Figure 2, the air is for the
purpose of heating the same caused to circulate through a hollow casing or
lining surrounding the interior of the ash-pit, and is discharged through a
pipe F, which may also be perforated on its under side; G is a mechanical
rake for disturbing the fuel and clearing the bars; G₁ is the handle for
working the same; H, the fire-box door; and H¹, ash-pit door, both of
which are fitted perfectly air-tight to the boiler.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of a portion of a vertical tubular boiler circular
on pian, showing an arrangement of feeding or supplying the fuel to the boiler
furnace by means of a screw K enclosed in a cylindrical casing or tube.
Figure 4 shows an arrangement for supplying the fuel to the furnace by
means of a rotating box fitted air-tight within a casing, the box being provided
with a suitable opening for the reception and discharge of fuel, and the opening
in the top of the casing is fitted with a valve or slide fitting air-tight for the
pose of resisting the requisite pressure. Where two or more furnaces are
pur-

page_text: situate alongside each other, the fuel contained therein may he burnt off
successively by the air of sufficient volume and pressure which has been forced
into one of the furnaces, and then caused to pass into and burn off the fuel of
the adjoining furnace.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention of "Improvements
in Generating Heat and Motive Power," and having set forth in what manner
the same is to be performed, and in the accompanying Drawing shown some
of the modes or methods in which it may be carried out in practice, we wish it
to be understood that what we claim is,-
First, the mode or method of effecting the combustion of fuel in steam
boiler and other furnaces as berein described.
Second, the mode or method herein described whereby a reduction of the
cubical contents of the furnace or fire-box of a steam-generating apparatus
can be effected, and a large quantity of fuel be burnt off usefully on a very
small area of grate bars.
Third, the mode or method herein described of utilizing the bighly heated
gaseous and other products resulting from the combustion of fuel within a
closed furnace in combination with the steam generated either in the boiler
connected with the closed furnace, or with steam generated in a separate
boiler in the manner herein set forth.
Fourth, the mode or method herein described of superheating steam, or of
adding thereto thermometric temperature for the further development of mecha-
nical force without the necessity for employing addition or special heating
apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Shillito, on behalf of myself
and the said David Moor, have hereunto set my hand and scal, this
Tenth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
throo
0 Witness,
JAMES STEVENSON,
19, Salisbury Street,
Strand, W.C.
BENJAMIN SHILLITO. (L.S.)