IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE COMMONLY DESIGNATED "BAKERS WAGGONS USED FOR HEATING "BAKERS OVENS" SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO HEATING OTHER OVENS CHAMBERS OR FURNACES SIMILARLY HEATED
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I JOHN MILLS of 140 Holland Street, Oldham Road, Manchester in the County
of Lancaster Coal Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE COMMONLY DESIGNATED "BAKERS WAGGONS USED
FOR HEATING "BAKERS OVENS" SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
HEATING OTHER OVENS CHAMBERS OR FURNACES SIMILARLY HEATED to be as
follows:-
"
31
My invention consists in arrangements by which I am enabled to heat bakers
ovens with a less quantity of fuel than heretofore and by which I am also enabled
to lessen the wear and tear of the apparatus commonly known as
bakers waggons
for this purpose I provide the lower part of the waggon with sides widening
upward such sides serving to support a frame also provided with sides widening
upwards. The side frames of the frame above referred to are kept out of contact
with the sides of the waggon by ribs or projections formed either upon the waggon
or upon the frame-In the frame above mentioned I form notches or recesses in
which rest the ends of cross bars, which cross bars I form with notches for
receiving the bars which support the fuel to be employed for heating the bakers
oven I supply air to the fuel contained in the waggon above referred to by means
of a tube in the ordinary manner, some of such air passing through the fuel
aforesaid while the remainder of the air above mentioned passes upward between
the sides of the waggon and the sides of the frame such air tending to keep the
sides of the frame cool and passing upward causes the products of combustion
from the fuel to be projected against the upper part of the interior of the oven
thereby ensuring a more perfect combustion of the fuel and a better distribution
of heat throughout the interior of the oven.
"
In some cases I provide the pipe or tube by which air is conducted to the
waggon" above referred to with a damper or valve by which the quantity of air
admitted to the fuel contained in the waggon aforesaid may be controlled.

page_text: In some instances I employ in conjunction with the above named pipe or tube a
revolving fan or vanes, such revolving fan or vanes serving to distribute the air
beneath the bars herein before referred to which support the fuel in the waggon
aforesaid.
Although I have hitherto described my invention as applied to bakers ovens only
I would have it understood that my said invention is also applicable to other ovens
chambers or furnaces which are or may be heated in a manner similar to "bakers
ovens."

page_text: '
I, JOHN MILLS of 146, Holland Street, Oldham Road, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Coal Agent do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHAT ARE COMMONLY DESIGNATED BAKERS' WAGGONS' USED
FOR HEATING BAKERS' OVENS, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO
HEATING OTHER OVENS CHAMBERS OR FURNACES SIMILARLY HEATED and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in arrangements by which I am enabled to heat bakers
Ovens with a less quantity of fuel than heretofore and by which I am also enabled
to lessen the wear and tear of the apparatus commonly known as "bakers'
waggons."
In the accompanying drawing Fig 1 is a plan of the apparatus commonly known
as a bakers' waggon' which apparatus I shall hereinafter call the 'waggon,' con-
structed according to my invention Fig. 2 is a side view of the same partially in
section and Fig. 3 an end view also partially in section, A is the lower part of
the waggon which is provided with sides a a a a widening upwards, such sides a
serving to support a frame B the sides b of which frame B also widen upwards.
Upon the sides a I form ledges or ribs c upon which ledges or ribs c the frame B
rests. The ledges or ribs c and projections d formed upon the frame B serve to
keep the frame B out of contact with the sides a. Upon the frame B I form pro-
jecting parts e which support cross bars f which cross bars fI provide with notches
in which notches rest the bars g which serve to support the fuel to be employed
for heating the oven in which the waggon herein described is placed.
Air is supplied to the fuel contained in the waggon above referred to by means
of a pipe or tube h in the ordinary manner. When the waggon above referred to
is in use for heating an oven fuel is placed upon the bars g and within the frame B.
The air passing along the pipe or tube h passes into the interior of the lower part A.
of the waggon and a portion of the said air passes through the fuel supported upon
the bars g and supports the combustion of the said fuel while the remainder of the
air above referred to passes upward through the space or opening k between the
sides a of the lower part A of the waggon and the sides b of the frame B and thus
tends to prevent the sides 6 of the frame B from becoming overheated and passing
upwards causes the products of combustion from the fuel contained in the frame B
and supported upon the bars g to be projected against the upper part of the interior
of the oven, thereby ensuring a more perfect combustion of the fuel and a better
distribution of the heat in the interior of the said oven thereby heating the interior
of the oven more uniformly than has hitherto been practicable.
In some cases I provide the pipe or tube by which air is conducted to the
interior of the lower part A of the waggon before referred to with a damper or
valve by means of which the quantity of air passing along the said pipe or tube h
may be regulated For convenience of use I form the pipe or tube h in parts one or
more of which parts may be slidden within the rest so that the length of the pipe
or tube h may be adjusted as required.
In some cases I employ in conjunction with the pipe or tube ha revolving fan
or vanes as indicated by dotted lines such revolving fan or vanes / serving to
distribute the air beneath the bars 9 hereinbefore referred to which support the
fuel in the waggon aforesaid,

page_text: In some cases I provide the nozzle m. with an opening n. by which air is
admitted to the interior of the oven and so assists in the more perfect combustion
of the fuel employed to heat the oven.
Although I have hitherto described my invention as applied to bakers' ovens
only I would have it understood that my said invention is also applicable to other
ovens chambers or furnaces which are or may be heated in a manner similar to that
in which bakers' ovens are heated.
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise arrange-
ments herein before described and shown in reference to and in and by the
accompanying drawing as they may be varied without departing from the principle
of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
JI
In the apparatus commonly known as "bakers' waggons" and used for heating
bakers ovens and other ovens chambers or furnaces similarly heated a space or
opening k or spaces or openings k between the frame B of each of such 'bakers'
waggons' and the lower part A thereof through which space or opening k or spaces
or openings when the "bakers' waggon is in use air may pass for the purpose
of economising fuel and preventing the frame B from becoming overheated such
space or opening k or spaces or openings 'k being formed or provided and operating
substantially in the manner herein before described and shown in reference to and
in and by the drawing hereunto annexed.