Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 12th Aug., 1887.
Connected therewith.
I, ROBERT CREUZBAUR of No. 82, Lee Avenue Brooklyn in the County of Kings,
and State of New York, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates in the main to improvements in single-acting compound
engines arranged "tandem" that is to say placed end to end and adjoining each other
as nearly as the intervention of steam jackets will permit said engines acting upon a
crank-shaft common to them all.
Some of my improvements however relate to engines generally and to super-
heating apparatuses connected with steam engines.
The principle novel features embraced in my improvements are:-
1. Coupling a piston to its connecting-rods by means of return parallel-rods
attached to an enlargement of the piston on its non-working, side, and passing up on
the outside of the cylinder, without a stuffing-box.
2. Providing a live-steam valve and an exhaust-steam valve, adapted for operation
by hand, in order to facilitate the starting of the engine, and to reinforce the pressure
on the low-pressure piston.
3. Entrapping exhaust-steam under the low-pressure piston in order to provide a
cushion for said piston.
4. Cushioning the high-pressure piston or pistons upon a cushion chamber in
which chamber a constant tension-cycle is maintained.
5. Providing a steam-jacket with bridges or pegs which receive heat from the
steam passing through the jacket and carry heat from themselves to the cylinder,-in
the case of the pegs not connecting with the jacket-wall, and from the jacket-wall,
and themselves to the cylinder,-in the case of the pegs bridging the jacket-space,
and connecting with the outer jacket wall, the latter being clothed with non-
conducting material to prevent radiation.

page_text: 6. Surrounding the cylinders by connected steam-jackets arranged to receive
boiler-steam at one end and to deliver it to the high-pressure cylinder at the other
end and providing the low-pressure piston of said engine with a cushion of uniform
tension.
7. Arranging the active strokes of all the pistons in the same direction, which,
with the proper cushioning of the pistons causes the prevailing strains to act
constantly in one direction.
8. Connecting the cylinder jackets, which are provided with heat-pegs or bridges,
with a superheater, whereby the superbeated steam is led successively through the
jackets to the high-pressure cylinder, its temperature being reduced in its passage.
9. Lubricating the steam at a point between the jacket and the interior of the
high-pressure cylinder, and after its temperature has been reduced; and providing
means for effecting this lubrication.
These are some of the principal features of the invention.
I attain the objects of my invention by the mechanism illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, wherein-
Figure 1 is a vertical, axial section of a two-cylinder, compound, non-condensing
engine, embodying my invention. The plane of the section co-incides with the axis
of the crank-shaft.
Figure 2 is a vertical, axial section of a two-cylinder, condensing engine, embodying
my invention. The plane of the section is taken at right angles to the axis of the
crank-shaft.
These views may be considered as illustrating the same engine, except as to some
slight differences of construction that will be explained.
Figures 3 and 4 are vertical, axial sections of a three-cylinder, compound, con-
densing engine, embodying my invention. The planes of the sections in these views
are taken at right angles one with the other.
Figures and are, respectively, an illustrative plau, and side-elevation of the
cylinder of the engine as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 is a horizontal section of the engine taken on line 7-7 in Figure 1.
Figure 8 shows the connection of the engine with a superheater. The engine
appears in elevation, and the boiler and superheater in section.
Figures 7 and 9, taken together, show a cross-section or sectional plan taken along
line 7-9, in Figure 8. Figure 9 being a horizontal section of the superheater.
Figures 10 and 11 are sectional views illustrating the hand-operated valves for use
in starting the engine.
"
Referring first to Figure 1, which represents a two-cylinder, compound, non-
condensing engine. A is the base upon which is mounted the low-pressure cylinder, B;
and C is the outer shell or casing mounted on the top of the cylinder B, and
supplying pillow-blocks for the overhead crank-shaft D. X, X. represents non-
conducting, or heat-intercepting material around the cylinders.
E is a cushion-chamber, under the high-pressure cylinder, and F is the high-pressure
cylinder. Gis the high-pressure piston, provided with an enlargement G', that plays
in chamber E. H, H, are parallel-rods connected at their lower ends with enlarge-
ment G', and provided at their upper ends with cross-heads H¹, H', (see Figures 5
and 6) which play in guides I, I. Coupled to cross-heads H', are connecting-rods J, J,
which extend up and are coupled to crank-pius K, K, of cranks in the shaft D.
L is the low-pressure piston, which is made hollow, as herein shown in order to
intercept the heat, and provided with a lateral, flange-like projection L'. To this
projection are attached parallel-rods, M, M, which play in guides formed in the
cylinder-walls. The upper ends of these rods are coupled to cross-heads M', M³,
playing in guides M², M2, (see Figure 6). To cross-heads M¹, M², are coupled
connecting-rods N, N, which extend up and are coupled at their upper ends to crank-
pins 0, 0, of erauks in shaft D. These cranks are set opposite to the cranks to which
the high-pressure piston is coupled, whereby the high-and low-pressure pistons are
caused to move in opposite directions simultaneously.
The steam-distribution is effected in the axes of the cylinders, the valves being

page_text: actuated from a single eccentric, P, on the main shaft D. Qis a tubular valve-casing
and steam-conduit arranged axially in the cylinder F, and cushion-chamber E, its
lower end entering a valve-chamber Q, in the top of the low-pressure cylinder B.
R is the valve-steni, coupled to the yoke P, of the eccentric P. and playing through
a stuffing-box in the top of tubular casing Q. On this stem R, are mounted the
live-steam valve S, in the form of a cylinder with recesses to connect the live-steam
ports, and a tubular, cylindrical exhaust-steam valve, T, which plays in chamber Q¹.
Reference may he had to Figure 2, to see how the live-steam is admitted to the
high-pressure cylinder. U is the live-steam inlet. The steam enters connected and
communicating steam-jackets V, V, around the two cylinders and the chamber E.
flows up through said jackets, and enters the steam-chest or jacket V1, on top of the
high-pressure cylinder. When valve S stands as seen in Figure 1, steam may pass
from chest Vinto the upper, or working end of the high-pressure cylinder F, above
its piston G, to force the latter down." At the same time valve T descends low
enough to open the exhaust-ports so that the exhaust-steam may pass from low-
pressure cylinder B, up through valve T to chamber Q, and out through said ports
into the exhaust-steam passages W, W, (seen best in Figure 7), and thence into the
exhaust-steam chamber Y, and out at outlet Z. When the low-pressure piston L
rises, a projection LA, in the nature of a piston opens an aperture in the bottom-plate
or head of the cylinder B, and some of the exhaust steam from chamber Y, enters
thereat under the piston L. When the piston descends on its out, or down-stroke,
projection L, will close the aperture before the stroke is finished, and thus incarcerate
sufficient exhaust steam under piston L, to form a cushion of constant tension
therefor.
When the piston G shall have reached the end of its down stroke, and piston L
shall have reached the end of its up-stroke, the valve S will have risen high enough
to open the exhaust port from the high-pressure cylinder F to the tubular casing Q,
and the steam from said cylinder will flow down said easing into the low-pressure
cylinder B above piston L. It cannot escape to the exhaust outlet Z, for the reason
that valve T will have risen high enough to close the ports opening out from
chamber Q¹.
It will be understood that the lateral ports b, in the low-pressure cylinder extend,
or may extend, all around the circumference of said cylinder, it being only necessary
that they should furnish a free exhaust. The valve T, shown in Figure 1, is employed
as an auxiliary to the ports, and to free the cylinder of any steam left therein after
the piston rises and closes the ports b. Such a valve is required in a non-condensing
engine, where the cylinder is not open to a condenser.
A constant tension-cycle, is maintained in cushion-chamber Eby means clearly
shown in Figure 2. A narrow outlet a, leading from the outer air or the crank-
shaft chamber to the interior of the chamber E, is closed by the high-pressure
piston G except during the brief period that said piston is at the end of its
upstroke. Thus any accumulation of pressure in chamber E is prevented by the
opening of said chamber momentarily to the atmosphere at each revolution of the
main shaft.
Figure 2 is substantially a section of the same engine as that illustrated in Figure 1,
except that it is adapted for condensing. I will briefly point out the differences
between the two constructions without referring to those parts which are common to
both. In the condensing engine illustrated in Figure 2, the valve-chamber and
valve T are omitted, and the steam is exhausted from the low-pressure cylinder B
wholly through the lateral ports, h, in the walls of said cylinder, said ports being
uncovered by the low-pressure piston L at the end of its outstroke.
This view shows the passages through the valve S, whereby it is balanced.
I will now describe the three cylinder engine illustrated in Figures 3 and 4,
premising that the same letters of reference refer to the same parts as in Figures 1
and 2.
In this form of the engine there is an intermediate cylinder, F, arranged between
the high-pressure, F, and the cushion-chamber E, and opening downward into the

page_text: latter chamber. The piston G, in cylinder F1, has formed on it the lateral, ring-like
Hange or projection G, and the pistons G and G, are connected rigidly together by
parallel-rods H2, H2, which play through bearings in the lower end of the high-
pressure cylinder F. The tubular valve-casing Q, opens at its lower end into the
non-working end of the high-pressure cylinder F, and this end of said cylinder serves
to form a receiver for the steam exhausted from the working end of said cylinder.
Another tubular valve-casing Q, extends from the non-working end of cylinder F,
down through cylinder F, and cushion chamber E. to the low-pressure cylinder B.
The valve T, on stem R, controls the admission of steam to the working end of the
intermediate cylinder F, and the exhaust from this cylinder through the casing Q,
to the working end of the low-pressure cylinder B. So far as the steam-distribution
is concerned, it will only be necessary to say that the steam exhausts from the
working end of the high-pressure cylinder into the receiver at the non-working end,
simultaneously with the exhaust of the steam from the intermediate cylinder to the
low-pressure cylinder: and that the live steam enters the high-pressure cylinder
simultaneously with the passage of steam from the receiver to the intermediate
cylinder, and simultaneously also with the exhaust from the low-pressure cylinder at
the lateral apertures or ports, b, in its walls.
I may, and usually do, use superheated steam in my engine. In Figure 8, I show
the form of superheater I prefer to employ, connected with a boiler or generator.
A' is the boiler or generator, which may be of any kind; B' is a central flue for the
combustion gases, and B2 is an annular flue for same. (is the superheating coil,
arranged in the annular flue B². This coil connects with the generator by a pipe C³,
and with the engine at its other end by a pipe Cª, provided" with a valve seen in
Figure 8. The gases pass off at an uptake or chimney B³. The gases may be made
to pass through either of the flues, or partly through cach; this is regulated by a
damper D in flue B¹, and a tubular valve 1. The damper turns in the usual way
with such dampers, and its crank, e, is connected by a rod, d, with a slide-rod, e,
playing in suitable bearings and actuated by a rock-shaft, f, and lever, g, seen in
Figure 9. The valve D is secured to the rod e, and serves, when moved down,
to cut off communication between the annular flue B2, and the chimney B³. As
the damper opens simultaneously with the closure of valve D², it follows that the
gases may be made to pass through either flue, at will, by manipulating the
Pever g.
The connected jackets, V, V, of the engine-cylinders, which also serve as a steam-
passage, are studded with isolated heat-pegs or bridges, h, h; these absorb heat from
the superheated steam flowing through the jackets, and convey it to the cylinder
walls, and the superheated steam is thus reduced to the practicable temperature of
ordinary boiler-steam when it reaches the steam-chest V, at the high-pressure
cylinder. These heat-pegs may connect integrally with the outer wall of the steam-
jacket, but in this case the jacket-wall should be protected, as shown, with heat-
intercepting material in order to prevent radiation. Or said pegs may project from
the cylinder-wall into the said jacket, but not be connected with the jacket-wall.
They will, by preference, he formed integrally with the cylinder-wall. These heat-
pegs are fully illustrated in Figures 4 and 7, but not in all the other figures, as that
would be an unnecessary repetition. Some are shown in Figure 1.
Figure illustrates my mode of lubricating the steam. In order to be able to use
superheated steam, and at the same time to properly lubricate the steam, I admit the
lubricant by means of any kind of tube or pipe, E, to the steam-chest V₁; and in
order to retain the lubricant, I provide a ledge, lip, or rim, around the edge of said
chest, over which the delivery end of said pipe E', extends.
In Figures 10 and 11, I show a valve-mechanism, to be actuated by hand for
starting, reversing and re-inforcing the engine. This comprises two valves I¹
and I, controlling parts in the wall of low-pressure cylinder B, the former
for admitting live steam to the working end of said cylinder, and the latter for
opening said cylinder to the exhaust. These valves are held up to their seats,
normally, by springs, i, i, and they may be actuated independently by a rock-lever, J',

page_text: as clearly shown in Figure 10. These springs i, i, are arranged on the valve stems,
abutting outwardly against fixed shoulders or abutments,, and inwardly against
nuts, screwed onto the stems. These nuts serve to adjust the tension of the
springs. The arms of rock-lever J, engage screw-collars j, j', on the respective
valve-stems, as represented. Figure 11 shows this valve-device in side-elevation.
In starting the engine, or for overcoming resistances at any time, or for reversing, the
valves may be actuated alternately to provide an escape for the exhaust steam in
cylinder B, and to admit live steam to the working side of the piston of same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
aud in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
Firstly In a compound engine, having single-acting cylinders arranged end to
end, or tandem, a centrally-arranged valve controlling the passage of steam to and
from the high-pressure cylinder and an auxiliary, centrally-arranged valve moving in
unison therewith, and controlling the exhaust port or ports of the low-pressure
cylinder, substantially as set forth.
Secondly: In a tandem, compound engine with single-acting cylinders having
their pistons coupled respectively to two sets of oppositely arranged crank-pins
upon a common crank-shaft, an enlargement formed upon either of the pistons, upon
its non-working side, and projecting radially, with a corresponding enlargement or
recess in the non-working end of the respective cylinder, to which radial enlargement
two return, parallel rods are attached, and which play in bearings or guides beyond the
walls of the working end of the cylinder, whereby such piston is coupleil to its
connecting-rods without the intervention of a stuffing-box.
Thirdly: In a compound steam engine of the character described, the low-pressure
piston provided with a lateral enlargement at its non-working side for connection
with its connecting-rods, substantially as described.
Fourthly: In a compound engine of the character described, the low-pressure
cylinder provided with a valve, capable of hand-operation for controlling the admission
of live or boiler steam to said cylinder at its working end.
Fifthly In a compound engine of the character described, the low-pressure
cylinder, provided with a valve capable of hand-operation, for controlling the steam
from said cylinder through a port independently of the regular exhaust from said
cylinder.
Sixthly In a compound engine, arranging all the active strokes of all the pistons
in the same direction, and cushioning all of said pistons, whereby the prevailing
strains are caused to act constantly in one direction.
:
Seventhly In a compound engine with its single-acting cylinders arranged tandem,
said cylinders provided with connecting steam-jackets to form a live-steam passage
through which the steam flows in a direction opposite to that in which it flows through
the engine and providing the low-pressure-piston with a cushion on the exhaust steam,
of uniform tension.
:
Eighthly In a compound engine the intervention of jackets between the adjacent
ends of the engine-cylinders, such jackets communicating with the jackets formed at
the sides of said cylinders, and all of said jackets serving to form a continuous steam-
passage, from the steam inlet to the high-pressure cylinder.
Ninthly In a compound engine of the general character described, a chamber at
the non-working side of the low-pressure piston, which chamber is periodically open
to the exhaust steam, which latter is, in part, entrapped therein, thus forming a cushion
for same.
:
Tenthly In a single-acting engine, a chamber formed adjacent to the non-working
side of the piston, which chamber has a port or aperture opening to the exhaust-
steam passage, and said piston provided with a projecting port adapted to close said
port or aperture when the piston nears the end of its stroke, whereby a cushion is
formed under said piston of an always approximately uniform tension.
Eleventhly In à compound engine, of the general character described, a cushion-

page_text: chamber arranged under one of its working pistons wherein a constant. tension-cycle
or cycle of pressures is maintained by connecting said chamber momentarily with the
atmosphere, or with a body of elastic fluid of an approximately constant tension.
Twelfthly In a compound engine of the general character described, a cushion-
chamber arranged under one of its working pistons, which chamber bas a port opening
to the crank-chamber or to the atmosphere, which port is controlled by the said
working piston in its movements.
:
Thirteenthly In a compound engine with its single-acting cylinders arranged
tandem, the high-pressure piston connected on its non-working side to the intermediate
piston by means of a pair of rods passing through the top of the intermediate cylinder,
and the ported valve-casing and steam-distribution valves arranged in the cylinder-axis
between said rods.
Fourteenthly In a compound engine composed of three single-acting cylinders
arranged tandem, with their common axis vertical, and having its crank-shaft above
said cylinders, the low-pressure piston coupled to one set of crank-pins, the inter-
mediate piston coupled to another set of crank-pins set opposite to the first named set,
the steam-distribution valves and their casings arranged in the common axis of the
cylinders, and the high-pressure piston coupled on its non-working side to the
working side of the intermediate piston by means of two rods which pass through
the top of the intermediate cylinder.
Fifteenthly A working cylinder of a steam-engine provided with a jacket covering
its exterior surface wholly or in part, and with isolated heat-pegs projecting from its
exterior surface into the space in said jacket, with free passage for the heating medium
around each of said pegs.
Sixteenthly The combination, with a steam-engine cylinder provided with a jacket
and isolated heat-pegs therein, substantially as set forth, of a steam-boiler connected
with said jacket, whereby a current of heated medium from the boiler is made to flow
through said jacket.
Seventeenthly: The combination, with a steam-engine cylinder provided with a
steam-jacket, and with isolated heat-pegs or bridges in said jacket, substantially as set
forth, of a superheater, connected with said jacket, and a steam-boiler connected with
said superheater, whereby a current of superheated steam is made to circulate through
said jacket.
Eighteenthly The combination, with a steam-ongine cylinder provided with a
jacket, which jacket is in communication with the cylinder by valve-controlled ports,
and which cylinder is also provided with isolated heat-pegs or bridges which extend
from its exterior surface into or across the space in said jacket, of a steam-boiler and
superheater connected with said jacket, whereby superheated steam is made to pass
through said jacket on its way to the ports of said cylinder.
Nineteenthly A steam-engine cylinder provided with a jacket formed by an outer
metallic shell, with a non-conducting covering over said shell to reduce radiation of
heat, and having isolated heat-pegs or bridges in, and extending across the jacket-
space and connected integrally with both the cylinder and said shell.
Twentiethly: The cylinders of a compound engine, placed end to end and provided
with communicating steam-jackets which form a live-steam passage from the main
steam-inlet to the steam-inlet-port of the high-pressure cylinder, and said cylinders
having heat-receiving pins or lugs formed integrally on their outer surfaces and
extending into the spaces in said jackets, with free passage for steam around said pins
or lugs.
Twenty-Firstly The cylinders of a compound single-acting engine, arranged
tandem, and provided with connected and communicating steam-jackets, which form a
live-steam passage, the jacket of the low-pressure cylinder, communicating with the
boiler or superheater, and the jacket of the high-pressure cylinder communicating
with said cylinder by a valve-controlled port, and said steam-jackets provided with
numerous isolated heat-receiving bridges extending across the jacket-space, and
connected integrally with both walls of the jacket, at their respective ends.

page_text: Twenty-Secondly: A compound engine provided with steam-jackets forming a
passage for superheated steam first through the jacket of the low-pressure cylinder,
and then on, through the jacket of the high-pressure cylinder to the distribution-
valve and means for delivering a lubricant into the steam between said distribution-
valve, and said jackets, whereby the lubricant is supplied after the steam has become
reduced in temperature by radiation.
:
Twenty-Thirdly Forming on the top of the high-pressure cylinder of a vertical,
compound engine, a steam-chest open all around to the jackets, and providing said
chest with a raised lip or rim, inside of which the lubricant is delivered, as set forth.
Tatad this 19th low of Tul 1007
HORN & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.