NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING COLOURING MATTERS FROM PHENOL
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1883. Communicated to
him from abroad by the Leipziger Anilinfabrik (Beyer and Kegel) of Lindenau
Leipzig, in tho Kingdom of Saxony,
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex,
"NEW OR IMPROVED
PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING COLOURING MATTERS FROM PHENOL," a communication
to me from abroad by the Leipziger Anilinfabrik Beyer and Kegel of Lindenau
Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony,
By boiling, with diluted nitric acid, the mononitrophenolparasulphonate of
potash, produced from phenolparasulphonate of potash in the usual way, a nitro-
sulphosalt is obtained which, in acidulated solution, dyes intensely yellow.-The
reaction is represented by the following formula :
C₁₂ H₂ (OH) (SO, K) (NO₂) + NO, H =
H₂O + C, H, (O H) (SO, K) (NO₂)₂
The same colouring matter is obtained by boiling phenolparasulphonate of
potash with an excess of diluted nitric acid, the reaction being represented by the
equation:
C₂ H. (О H) (SO, K) + 2 NO₂ H =
2 H₂ O + C¸ H₂ (O H) (SO₂ K) NO.),
The phenolorthosulphonate of potash, or the mononitrophenolorthosulphonate of
potash, give by the same treatment an isomeric colouring matter, which produces
almost the same colour, but is more easily soluble in water.
The same colouring matter is obtained from phenoldisulphonato of potash, by
boiling it with diluted nitric acid.
Instead of the above mentioned potash salts, all the other salts of the above
phenolsuphoacids, for instance the soda-magnesia-or lime-salts, may be taken
and for nitric acid, there may of course-be substituted a mixture of saltpetre
and sulphuric acid; moreover, the phenolsulpho acid may be treated unseparated,
separated or mixed together, with diluted nitric acid, or a mixture of saltpatre and
sulphuric acid, to produce the above colouring matters. Instead of boiling them
from the beginning, with diluted nitric acid, the phenolsulpho acids or their salts
may be treated for a considerable time with stronger nitric acid or a mixture of
Pai 11
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page_text: saltpetre and sulphuric acid, at a lower temperature, and subsequently be brought
to a higher temperature to finish the reaction. The same colouring matters are
also obtained by boiling diazobenzolsulphoacids or their salts with nitric acid or a
mixture of saltpetre and sulphuric acid.
Examples
100 Kilos of mononitrophenolparasulphonate of potash are boiled with a mixture
of 100 Kilos saltpetre; 100 Kilos sulphuric acid and 100 litres of water; the
product thus obtained is filtered when still hot, and the colouring matter is
extracted by crystallisation.
or
100 Kilo of phenolparasulphonate of potash are treated with 168 Kilos of
saltpetre, 200 Kilos of sulphuric acid and 500 litres of water in the above way.
The quantities of the nitrating agents employed depend, of course, upon the
temperatures at which the operation is conducted & fluctuate therefore between
wide limits. For that reason it is useful to take samples from time to time during
the course of the operation-in order to ensure that the process does not advance
to the formation of picric acid.
By treating the above named yellow colouring matters with reducing agents, for
instance sulphuretted bydrogen, zinc powder, transforming the amido compounds
thus obtained into diazo-compounds by nitrous acid or its salts, and pairing these
diazo-compounds in the usual way with the oxy-compounds of Benzol, Naphtalin
& Antracen or their homologues (for instance Phenol, Cressol, Resorcia, Naphthols,
Antrols) as well as by treating them with the aromatic amines (for instance aniline
& homologues, dimetylaniline and homologues, diphenylamine, napthylamine) or
the sulpho acids of these two classes of bodies, red, brown and "bordeau" colouring
matters, soluble in water are obtained.