IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING ROLLER-APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, AND SIMILAR MACHINES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, &
Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING ROLLER-APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, AND SIMILAR
MACHINES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS." A commu-
nication from abroad by Alexander F. Crichton, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1879.
WILLIAM ROBERT Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING ROLLER-APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING, AND SIMILAR MACHINES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS
MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Alexander F. Crichton, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
This Invention relates to pressing bosses for drawing rollers, such as are applied
to drawing and spinning frames for jute, flax, hemp, and similar materials with
long fibres.
According to one part of my Invention I fix the spindles of the bosses instead of
allowing them to revolve in connection with the bosses as heretofore, and I mount
the bosses loose upon the spindles so that each can be revolved independently of
the other by the driving roller of the machine in which it is employed.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 is a view partly in section shewing my Invention applied to the wooden
bosses commonly used on a spinning frame.
Figure 2 is a view partly in section of my improved metallic bosses applied to
the drawing rollers of a spinning frame.
Figure 3 is a transverse section of one of the wooden bosses.
Figure 4 is a similar view of one of my metallic bosses.
Figure 5 is a view of my improved boss-spindle applied to the bosses of a
drawing frame.
Figure 6 is a view of a stationary spindle mounted in a spinning frame with its
pressing-spring, and,
Figure 7 is a plan of the same.
Like letters indicate the same parts thoughout the Drawing.
Large numbers of such spindles are usually mounted upon a long driving roller,

page_text: as shewn at A, Figures 1, 2, 5, and 7; and to avoid the application of separate
bearings, guides, and pressure links to each boss they are mounted in pairs or
couples, the separate bosses of which never remain of the same size when secured
rigidly upon the spindle as has heretofore been done.
In Figures 6 and 7 are shewn the guides a, a, employed to support the ends of
the spindle D, the middle of which is square at b and formed with a hole c to
receive the end of the stud d, which transmits to it the pressure of the spring S,
thus avoiding the use of an expensive link and turned bearing at the middle of the
spindle.
The bosses in general use are made of wooden discs B-shaped as shown in
Figure 1, and secured in pairs at the opposite ends of a short spindle, by which
they are kept in their proper position in relation to the main drawing roll A, and
by which the proper pressure is applied to them for drawing out the fibres delivered
by the feeding roll f, and shown in Figure 1 as being drawn from a bobbin p and
delivered to the flyer as yarn y.
My said improvements are designed to obviate many serious difficulties in the
use of such pressing bosses, which are extensively employed in the manufacture of
jute and other long fibres. By mounting the bosses loose upon their spindles
according to this Invention instead of securing them rigidly thereto as is commonly
done, I obtain the following important advantages, that is to say:- -Each boss runs
at a speed due solely to its own diameter, and is never dragged in contact with the
driving roller A, as it must necessarily be if united to another boss of a different
size. The friction due to such dragging is avoided, and much less power is required
to operate the machine. The wear upon the bosses and the main drawing roller
where the bosses touch it, is correspondingly diminished, and the expense of main-
taining the machine is much less than with the bosses coupled together, as
heretofore, for the reason that the discs could not be kept of uniform diameter,
although in a large mill a mechanic is constantly employed in changing and trueing
up the peripheries of the bosses. The expense of renewing the wood is avoided,
and the great loss from splitting in seasoning and driving on the hexagonal spindle
is prevented. The product from rollers thus constructed is materially better, as
the bosses and main drawing roller being free from any rubbing on their surfaces
retain their original finish better; and as the bosses always follow perfectly the
velocity of the driving roller, the yarn or roving is perfectly uniform in size and
quality. The stationary spindle employed to carry my loosely turning bosses can
be supported much more easily and firmly than a revolving one; and can also be
kept parallel with the driving roller, thus saving a large amount of friction due to
the ordinary spindles getting out of line and causing the bosses to strain against
their bearings. The bosses can all be kept of uniform diameter and of the largest
size desired, whereas wooden bosses are often worn down in a jute spinning mill
from 8 inches to 3 inches diameter, thus requiring a greatly increased supply of
power to drive them at the resulting velocity when the circumference is so much
diminished.
Another feature of my Invention consists in making the rims of the wooden
bosses renewable by securing leather or other suitable material upon them, with
the object of maintaining a true periphery upon the boss without diminishing the
size materially as is done in trueing the wooden bosses. Such leather rims if
applied to the booses rigidly secured to their spindles afford no advantage, as they
would be worn out of shape and roughened as soon as one boss became smaller than
the other of the pair; but if made true at first they remain so for a great length of
time upon my loosely mounted bosses. The saving of power in a mill in which
there are 3000 jute spindles is about 30 horse power if the bosses are all changed
in the manner I have herein described, and waste of yarn is prevented to a great
extent, as the machines produce no uneven or broken yarn at all.
Figure 1 illustrates the method of adapting my improvements to a frame fitted i
with common wooden bosses B. The spindle s is shown formed with the usual
round journal in the centre, by which it would be held stationary when fitted with

page_text: my improved bosses, instead of revolving in the end of the pressing link in the
ordinary manner. The guide pins t, t, at the ends of the spindle are shown as
intended to revolve in contact with the guides a, a, seen in Figures 6 and 7, but
when the spindle is held stationary all such wear upon the pins t is avoided, and
the proper adjustment of the spindle is better maintained. In Figure 3 is shown a
metallic bush E fitted to the centre of the ordinary wooden boss, which with its
ordinary spindle can be used in spinning-frames where such bosses are now
employed, without any alteration whatever of the framing or spindle fixtures. Oil
holos o, o, may be formed in the middle of the spindle to conduct oil into the
journals r inside the bushes of the bosses.
The wear upon the rims of the bosses is so much reduced by allowing them to
revolve independently, that leather may be applied advantageously to the said rims,
thus providing greater cohesion with the fibres, and a more yielding surface than
heretofore obtained, these advantages being secured by the mere change of
mounting above described. To avoid however the effects produced by the warping
of the wood under various influences and of the irregular quality of the product
from such bosses, I have devised a method of mounting the narrow strips of leather
required to draw the fine slivers in a spinning machine. It consists in forming a
groove in the rim of a metallic wheel B', and cementing the leather therein in two
or three layers or bands, breaking joints with one another, as shown in Figure 4.
The narrow band of leather i which would be soon displaced or injured if un-
protected at the sides is thus held securely between the flanges h, h, and its
durability greatly increased. The use of leather in broad flat surfaces on the bosses
of drawing frames has demonstrated that its introduction into the spinning frame
would be very desirable; but without the flanges herein described it could not be
made to last, and even with them it would be soon worn out through the unavoid-
able inequalities in the wear of the two wheels, if they were rigidly coupled
together in the ordinary manner upon one spindle. My loose spindle not only
thus renders the use of the leather possible in the spinning frame, but secures a
much more uniform pressure upon the sliver by the spring S, shewn in Figures 6
and 7, than when the spring required occasional adjustment to bosses varying from
3% to 8 inches diameter.
As above explained my Invention may be applied to the bosses at present in use
as well as to newly constructed machinery.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,-
First. The combination of the wooden boss B with the bush E and the stationary
spindle, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Second. The combination of the wooden boss with the leather secured to its
periphery, and the bush applied to its centre when revolved loosely upon a spindle,
as and for the purpose set forth.
Third. The combination of the flanged or grooved wheel with the leather band i
and the stationary spindle, as and for the purpose herein described.
Fourth. The combination of a stationary spindle and loosely turning bosses with
the driving roller of a drawing or spinning frame and suitable support for the same,
as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.