Improvements in Pneumatio Tires.
Year: 1893

page_text: CUMI
Improvements in Pneumatio Tires.
CHARLES EDGAR DURYEA of Peoria, Peoria County and State of Illinois
ted States of America, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this
ention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
cribed and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic tyres for vehicles, and is of
t class in which the shoe or outer tube is provided on its interior with a loosely
it fabric, or in other words, a fabric woven with meshes whose knotted. portions
not slip, the fabric being so placed in the tube as to have the short diameter öf
meshes in the direction of the circumference of the wheel; the invention also
ing of that class wherein the tyre is attached to the felloe by the ordinary
flating process by the help of added parts to be hereinafter described.
The object of the invention is to secure the greatest resiliency or life in the tyre,
he greatest freedom from shock or jolt in passing over obstructions, the greatest
trength of fabric with the least weight, combined with the greatest case of attach-
nent to any rim, or rims, such as are now commonly used and the corresponding ease
f detachment and ease of repair when detached with other objects of less importance.
In the drawings presented herewith
Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of a shoe or outer tube, showing the width
thereof, and also showing a woven fabric made therewith.
Figure 2 is a sectional view of the same through dotted line xx Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a cross section of a modified form of tyre embodying the same
principle as heretofore set out.
Figure 7 is a sectional view of the ends of an adjustable ring used in one of the
tyres.
Figure 8 is also a sectional view of the adjustable ring, much enlarged to shown
its construction.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of part of an outer tube or shoe, showing a woven
fabric attached thereto for purposes hereinafter set forth.
Figure 10 is a perspective view of a modified form of a new form of device for
bending the said tyre to the wheel felloe.
Figure 11 is a cross section of the tyre shown in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a perspective view of a portion of the tyre or tube shown in
Figure 11, showing wire protruding therefrom.
Figure 13 is a cross sectional view of a form of tyre in which a single tube A
35 may be used with a ring of metal D placed in its interior. The said ring D is wider
than the width of the rin B, as shown, and when the tube A is inflated the said
ring keeps the side of the tube pressed over the edges of the rim and the air presse
When deflated the tube may b
or forces the base of the tube A into the rim to fit snugly and with a positive gri
which cannot be lost until the tube is deflated.
40 easily slipped off the rim. The ring D is adjustable in length as herein before se
out, and is just large enough (larger than the rim E) to admit of the thickness
the tube material between it and the rim. This form of tyre is as good if not bette
than any of the tyres herein depicted.
It is well known that pneumatic tyres are for the purpose of decreasing the jarri
45 of a wheel in passing obstructions, and to accomplish this the tyre must have t
greatest amount of resiliency so that in passing that obstruction the rubber w
give to the pressure of the obstruction.
Resiliency depends mostly upon the air contained in the tube and resiliency
test when least hindered by the restraining fabric and therefore each thr

page_text: should cover the least amount of air possible so that when the thread is depressed
the least air and rubber is affected.
If much surface is affected, the load is lifted and the jolt carried to the rider.
If many threads are affected they are all more or less worn and stretched and
hence less durable. If the threads cross each other they saw and wear out.
Parallel threads are best, provided they do not separate, and if knotted together in
form of a net all separation and undue wearing etc. is prevented.
A loosely meshed fabric or netting C having the short diameter of its meshes in
the direction of the circumference of the tube is let into the surface of the rubber
or may, rest upon the rubber and may be secured thereto by any good means. By
this means it will be clearly seen that the shoe may stretch in its length but not in
the width thereof when inflated.
The fabric used by me in these tyres is formed of threads knotted together at
each point of contact and this knotting or positive fastening effectually prevents
any danger of the air bladder or tube protruding through any slip or displacement
of the threads as might occur if they were not positively united. Another advantage
besides that of perfect flexibility is that the threads cannot wear on each other and
so are more durable than woven fabric while the fact that there are no cross threads
ensures light weight.
The shoe or outer tube is placed over the felloe of a wheel with a ring D of
substantially flat metal inside of it which retains a position within the said shoe or
outer tube. I do not however confine myself wholly to a flat ring for this purpose,
as it may be in such other shape as will suit the case in hand.
It will be seen that the said ring is just so much larger than the felloe that suffi-
cient space is left between the edges and the edges of the felloe to allow for the
thickness of the shoe.
By this construction air may fill the tube both below and above the flat band
and force the base of the tyre down onto the rim so that the tyre cannot in any way
slip from its position in part or as a whole.
The ring D may be either endless or may be adjustable as shown in the drawing
in which Figures 7 and 8 represent the two ends of a ring greatly enlarged. One
end of the ring is provided with a series of holes J and the other end is also
pro-
vided with a number of holes K which do not correspond to the holes J but are
placed closer together so as to divide the spacings into fractions of an inch by
which method the ring may be enlarged or made smaller and done to a perfect
nicety.
A mode of fastening the ends of the ring together is shown in Figure 8, in which
a thin sheet of metal L is located between the said ends which is provided with a
pin M which projects on either side of the said sheet L and the resulting ends of
the pin enter a hole in the ends of the ring. This secures the ends of the ring in
position. A collar N is slipped on over either end of the ring to keep the parts
together. Other fastenings may also be used in place of the collars N.
The flat band may be placed in the air bladder or tube of a double tube tyre
and accomplish the same result, but in this case the shoe may be laced or hooked
together or otherwise fastened along its base so that it may easily be opened to
get at the air tube, as shown in Figure 14.
The form of tyre just described is superior to other tyres as to results obtained in
the ease of placing the tyre in position, of repairing in case of puncture, and other
admirable features best known to those skilled in the art.
Figure 6 is a modified form of tyre and in which a single or a double tube may
be used. This form of tyre is also. a self-binding tyre or a tyre having a base
fastening wholly independent of the felloe as far as mechanical construction is
concerned.
The fastening as in the above described tyre is accomplished by inflation.
This form may also be hooked or otherwise fastened along the base as before
described if the air tube and shoe are separable.
In this construction the-shoe is provided at its base with two or more wire

page_text: the segment S fills the space so left. Within each edge of the tube is located a
wire T which runs around the entire circumference of the tube and both come out
from the edge of the tube at one and the same point Q. As before stated the wire
encircles the entire circumference of the tyre and the protruding ends cross each
other immediately on leaving the edge of the rubber and each end continues on in
the direction it points on leaving said rubber, and is attached to the end of the
segment S by passing through a hole therein and being headed on the inside or
otherwise fastened. As there are two wires in the tube, there will consequently be
four ends for attachment to the segment, the two ends of one wire being fastened to
either end of one side of the segment and the two ends of the remaining wire being
secured to the other edge of said segment.
Now, the segment S is held in its seat upon the felloe by the pressure of the air
tube F. When the device is applied to the rim the wires T are just long enough
to reach to the end of the segment.
The ends of the wires are tangent to the circumference of the tube when the
segment is raised, and when forced down to its seat in the rim or felloe, the wires
are drawn tight and thus bind on the said rim or felloe.
These forms of base fasteners have been tested and tried in every particular and
are found to come up to every requirement and the use of these devices will be a
decided help in all vehicle manufacture and repairs.
These forms of tyre are new in that they fasten on the rim by a tightening action
of the base instead of as other tyres do.
I am aware that wired tyres have been used; also endless wires on special rims ;
also self-gripping tyres, but I believe that the feature of a netting in the tread
portion is new; also that a grip or fastening in the base, which becomes a positive
fastening by inflation is a new feature.
A further object in this tyre is to prevent complete deflation and its consequent
disability to use the machine, due to the air tube being punctured. This may partly
be accomplished by placing a strip of closely woven continuous flexible fabric
around inside the tread portion of the shoe and between it and the air tube; said
strip being plaited or folded so as to offer no resistance to the resiliency of the tyre
but being closely woven it resists puncture and protects the air tube therefrom.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is ;
1. In a pneumatic tyre a tread or retaining portion with a fabric consisting of
textile strands positively united at intervals as by knotting substantially in the
manner and for the purposes set forth and described.
2. In a pneumatic tyre a tread portion consisting of strands of textile fabric
positively united at intervals as by knotting and having the said strands running
approximately in the direction of the circumference of a section of the tube whereby
the longest diameter of the meshes lies in the direction of that circumference
substantially as herein set forth and described.
3. A pneumatic tyre having a base which by inflation fastens itself to a crescent
rim by being pressed against said rim as set forth.
4. A pneumatic tyre having an inflation shortened base.
5. A pneumatic tyre having a non-shortening tread in combination with a
constrictive base.
6. A pneumatic tyre provided with one or more restraining rings of positive
length and a base portion arranged to bear upon the outer surface of the rim of the
wheel with a force opposed to that of the tread stress.
7. A pneumatic tyre having one or more restraining rings of positive length
which hold and resist the pull of the outer or tread portion in combination with a
rim of larger diameter than the base of the tyre when inflated whereby the air
pressure forces and holds the base firmly to the rim.
8. A pneumatic tyre having restraining rings located in the edges of the tread

page_text: rings G (shown in cross section in Figure 6) running parallel to the circumference
of the shoe.
These wires are either incorporated with the rubber in the making or may be
attached thereto by canvas or similar material H glued or otherwise attached to
the rubber and enclosing the said wires, and a woven or other fabric connects the
two wires to prevent improper spreading of the same. If the diameter of these
wire rings is smaller than the greatest diameter of the felloe a particular way of
applying the tube to the felloe is necessary. In so doing a portion of the tube con-
taining the wires is let into the hollow felloe on a part of its periphery, and the
portion of the tube and wires thus placed is crowded to the centre in the deepest
part of the felloe, as shown in dotted lines at I in said Figure 6 By this simple
movement the remaining portion of the tube may be pressed on over the felloe and
the resiliency of the rubber causes the tube to resume its proper position, i.e. with
one of the wire rings located on either side of the centre of the rim or felloe, which
may or may not be near the edge of same, but being placed however to obtain the
best results.
The wires may be placed entirely outside the rim or felloe and still have good
results. The support in this case is obtained as follows;-
The wires being rings of fixed length, or endless, permit the tread portion of the
tyre to expand under inflation until the stress of the tread is fully carried by the
wires, excepting such portion of the stress, or air pressure as reacts on the fabric
lying below and between the wires.
The stress thus reacting is utilized to force the base fabric firmly into the rim
and thus maintains the tyre in its position in the rim. If the base fabric between
the wires be too great in width any excess is taken up by the wires. spreading
farther apart from each other, as shown by dots at Figure 6. The only require-
ment in this case is that the base fabric he not narrower than the arc of the circle
of the air tube section when fitted to the rim.
When the tube is deflated the resiliency of the rubber keeps the wires apart and
at their proper location within the felloe and when inflated the wires are prevented
from spreading unequally by the fabric between and below them. Were it not for
this fabric they could spread outward and upward at one place more than at
another, causing irregularities in the size and shape of the tyre. It is evident that
if the fabric between the said wires is too short the wires cannot separate sufficiently
to get a bearing on the rim. It will be seen that the bind on the rims is caused by
the inflation of the tube and consequent enlargement of same, with the outward
spreading of the wire rings to bind on said rim.
Figure 9 is a form of tyre in which a tube, shoe, or tread portion is split or
opened along its base and to which a strip or base of loosely knit fabric A' is
secured to the edges of the shoe. The fabric is secured to the shoe with its fibre
running substantially lengthwise of the shoe whereby inflation shortens the
circumference by allowing the tyre to increase in diameter of its cross section.
This result is sought because in increasing the diameter of the cross section of the
tyre the felloe is completely filled thus causing a bind thereon, combined with the
shortening of the base or inner circumference of the tyre; forming a bind also. .lt
will be understood that the fabric is preferably woven diagonally and when stretched
in one direction it shortens in the other. The figure shows this as used on the tyre
in this instance and it may be seen by studying that figure that were the tube
inflated it would increase in the diameter of its cross section and shorten the base;
this tyre like the preceding one may be constructed so as to open along the base for
repair purposes.
Figures 10 and 11 show a form of fastener in which Q represents a tube similar
in construction to that shown in Figure 9 which is located in the felloe E
substantially as shown. Between the edges of the tube thus located is placed a
section of curved plate S having its cross section similar to that of the felloe and
which fits snugly into said felloe:
The tube or shoe is open all around its inner circumference or base, except where

page_text: ortion and having a lacing or fabric below and between those rings to contror on
ize of the section.
9. A pneumatic tyre having restraining rings arranged to be shortened by the act
f inflation.
10. A pneumatic tyre having a restraining band or base arranged to be shortened
by inflation.
11. A pneumatic tyre having a base of diagonally braided fabric which shortens
nd widens under the stress of inflation.
12. In a pneumatic tyre for vehicles a tread portion having a constrictive base
ind retaining fabric consisting of textile strands positively united at intervals as by
knotting substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth and
described.
13. In a pneumatic tyre a tread portion having a constrictive base or a base
capable of being shortened by inflation the said base portion to bind on the felloe
of a wheel substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth and
described.
14. In a pneumatic tyre a tread portion having a constrictive base or a base
capable of being shortened by increasing the diameter of the cross section of the
said tread portion by inflation or other cause to grip or bind on the felloe
of a wheel substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth and
described.
15. In a pneumatic tyre a shoe or tread portion having one or more rings
incorporated in the material of said tread portion or secured to one of the surfaces
thereof each side of the shortest circumference of the tyre but not within the rim
substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and described.
16. In a pneumatic tyre a shoe or tread portion having means for securing a series
of one or more rings therein parallel to but lying outside the rim for the purposes
herein set forth and described.
17. In a pneumatic tyre the combination with a rim or felloe of a tread portion
having a series of one or more rings located therein at any position parallel to but
within or outside of the rim or felloe.
18. For a pneumatic tyre a ring capable of being adjusted as to size having
either end thereof provided with a varying series of apertures adapted to be
connected by a pin or stud passing through a hole in each series substantially as
described.
19. In a pneumatic tyre the combination with a rim or felloe of a ring located
around said felloe slightly larger in diameter than the felloe and having a tread
portion retained between said felloe and ring substantially in the manner and for
the purposes specified.
20. In a pneumatic tyre the combination with a rim or felloe of an adjustable ring
located around the said rim or felloe and a tread portion secured between said
adjustable ring and the said rim or felloe substantially in the manner and for the
purposes set forth and described.
21. In a pneumatic tyre a safety device consisting of a band of pliable
5 continuous fabric loosely placed outside the air chamber as and for the purpose set
forth.
22. In a pneumatic tyre a tread portion having a series of one or more wires
running circumferentially in its base and having the said wires meeting and crossing
each other at a point outside of the said tread portion and having the projecting
30 ends thereof attached to ends of a segment designed to be seated in the run o
felloe of a wheel substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein set forth
and described.
23. In a pneumatic tyre a tread portion having a series of one or more wire
located within the material of its base or shorter circumference or secured to on
55 of the surfaces of said base the ends of said wires meeting and crossing each othe
at a point outside of the said tread portion and having the said protecting end

page_text: attached to the ends of a segment designed to be seated in the rim of a wheel
substantially in the manuer and for the purpose set forth.
24. The tyre, substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 13 of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of March 1893
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant."