Improvements connected with the Manufacture of Vegetable Parchment Paper.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1895-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements connected with the Manufacture of Vegetable
Parchment Paper.
•
I, HAROLD Sweetapple, of 67 Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture of vegetable parchment paper,
and has more particularly for its objects, amongst others, to provide a mode of and
means for effecting the manufacture rapidly, without waste of paper, or of materials
to which it is subjected, without much handling of the material, and generally to
reduce the cost of manufacture below that at which it is now produced.
According to this invention, the production of vegetable parchment paper is
produced directly from the paper base or raw paper web, as usually employed, in
practically one operation, and by one apparatus or combination of appliances; that
is to say,
the raw sheet paper, as usually employed, to be parchmentized is taken
in a web or roll and passed through sulphuric acid contained in a suitable vessel,
and upon leaving the acid through rollers by which the action upon the paper is
uniformn and surplus acid is expressed, the expressed liquid being returned to the
tank or vessel. It is then carried and passed through a washing apparatus as a
tank, and also through sprays of water, being led and guided by rollers over which
it passes, so that the free acid is washed off or removed as far as possible by
mechanical washing. The sheet is then passed through a bath of a suda solution,
or alkali, and then through nippers to express surplus alkali which is returned to
the said bath or vessel. Then it is carried through an apparatus, such for instance
as that above specified, by which it is further washed with water. After this it is
passed through a bath of bleaching inaterial as "bleach," or the like; then through
further washing apparatus, such for instance as that above described, when it is
again passed between presses and squeezed, and then finally it is passed through a
bath of glycerine, after the passage through which it is wound upon a roller or
coiled up in a completed form or state, of parchınentization. From here it is taken
from the apparatus and dried in any known way.
The different baths, vessels, rollers, presses, will all be arranged in the required
consecutive and relative order, so that the paper sheet will be carried direct from
the taking off roller at the commencement, to the coiling up roller at the end.
The nipping and pressing rollers serve the purposes both of expressing liquid
from the paper, and of making the treatment or treatments to which it is subjected
in its progress through the machine, uniform and complete. These presses or
rollers also in some cases serve as a means of drawing or moving the paper through
the apparatus, giving it movement or tractive action at different points along the
machine, so distributing the tension and pressure applied to it for its movement
through the machine, and equalizing the strain or tension on the web at different
points as far as possible.
In one form of spray or jet washing apparatus, the paper is taken over a roller
and-up over an upper roller between water jets or nozzles, and then down again
through similar jets or nozzles, and under a lower roller. And in some cases these
may be multiplied.
According to a modification' under this invention, to suit special cases, as where'

page_text: a thin paper is being treated or made, the treatments and apparatus for treating
with alkali and bleach will not be used, in which case the washing should be
extensive and effective. In another modification, in some cases, one of these
treatments only is employed.
However, in cases where the paper being parchmentized or produced is of
considerable thickness, the combined actions or treatments, and the apparatus above
specified are necessary, and are accordingly employed.
Dated this 20th day of December 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
Improvements connected with the Manufacture of Vegetable
Parchment Paper.
I, HAROLD SWEETAPPLE, of 67 Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the saine is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
-
This invention has reference to the manufacture of vegetable parchment paper,
and has more particularly for its object, amongst others, to provide a mode of and
means for effecting the manufacture rapidly, without waste of paper, or of materials
to which it is subjected, without much handling of the material, and generally to
reduce the cost of manufacture below that at which it is now produced.
According to this invention, the production of vegetable parchment paper is
produced directly from the paper base or raw paper web, as usually employed, in
practically one operation, and by one apparatus or combination of appliances; that
is to say, the raw sheet paper, as usually employed, to be parchmentized is taken
in a web or roll and passed through sulphuric acid contained in a suitable vessel,
and upon leaving the acid, over or through rollers by which the action upon the
paper is rendered uniform and surplus acid is removed or expressed, such liquid
being returned to the tank or vessel. It is then carried and passed through an
apparatus as a tank containing water; and also through sprays of water, being
led and guided by rollers, over which it passes, so that the free acid is washed off
or removed as far as possible by mechanical washing. The sheet is then passed
through a bath of soda solution, or alkali, and then through nippers to express
surplus alkali which is returned to the said bath or vessel. Then it is carried
through an apparatus, such for instance as that above specified, by which it is
further washed with water. After this it is passed through a bath of bleaching
material as "bleach," or the like; then through further washing apparatus, such
for instance as that above described, when it is again passed between presses and
squeezed; and then finally it is passed through a bath of glycerine, after the
passage through which it is wound upon a roller or coiled up in a completed.form
or state, of parchmentization. From here it is taken from the apparatus and dried
in any known way.
The different baths, vessels, rollers, presses, will all be arranged in the required
consecutive and relative order, so that the paper sheet will be carried direct from
the taking off roller at the commencement, to the coiling up roller at the end.
The nipping and pressing rollers serve the purposes both of expressing liquid
from the paper, and.of making the treatment or treatments to which it is subjected
in its progress through the machine, uniform and complete. These presses or
rollers also in some cases serve as a means of drawing or moving the paper through
the apparatus, giving it movement or tractive action at different, points along the
machine, so distributing the tension and pressure applied to it for its movement

page_text: through the machine, and equalizing the strain or tension on the web at different
points as far as possible.
In one form of spray or jet washing apparatus, the paper is taken over a roller
and up over an upper roller between water jets or nozzles, and then down again
through similar jets or nozzles, and under a lower roller. And in some cases these
may be multiplied.
According to a modification under this invention, to suit special cases, as where
a thin paper is being treated or made, the treatments and apparatus for treating
with alkali and bleach will not be used, in which case the washing should be
extensive and effective. In another modification, in some cases, one of these
treatments only is employed.
However, in cases where the paper being parchmentized or produced is of
considerable thickness, the combined actions or treatments, and the apparatus
above specified are necessary, and are accordingly employed.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is
a longitudinal section through the apparatus, and Figure 2 is a plan. Figure 3 is
a cross section through one of the jet washing mechanisms or means.
Referring to the drawing, a represents rolls of raw paper web, such as is usually
employed in the manufacture of vegetable parchment paper; and a denotes the
continuous web of paper being treated in the apparatus. b is a pair of winch
rollers, one of which is directly driven by the pulleys 6' from a suitable motor.
c is a lead, glass, or earthenware lined tank having a roller or rod c¹ across it near
the bottom. care glass rods or rollers over which the paper passes outside the
tank. d is a second glass, earthenware, or lead lined tank having rollers &¹ in it
under which the paper is passed. e is a set of rollers acting as winches over which
the paper is passed, and by which it is moved; these rollers e also acting as nippers
for squeezing out liquid from the web. is a water tank having in it rollers f¹,
and above it the roller, under and over which the paper web is passed as shewn,
while on either side of and between the passes of the paper, between these upper
and lower rollers, are water pipes f, which spray out water onto the paper and
wash it. i is a tank in which soda is contained, rollers being provided in it,
under which the paper passes; and above it are winch rollers j, which act as and
for the same purposes as the rollers e. k is another washing tank with rollers A¹
and k³, and water jet pipes similar to and for the same purposes as those
marked fff is a tank having rollers within it, and one, above it, in
which the paper is bleached. m is another water tank having rollers m¹ m³ and
water spray pipes m³, and also winch nipping and propelling rollers a similar to the
pipes, rollers, and winches, already described. o is a tank in which glycerine is
contained, having a roller o¹ at its bottom; while p is a winch roller and p² a coil
of finished paper.
n
It will be seen that, the rollers or winches b, e, j, n, and p, are all of the same
size, and geared together by bands 63, es, j and n³, and pullies 63, e², e³, j¹³, j³, n³, n³
and p² on the different winch roller shafts. By these means, the paper at different
points along its path throughout the different parts of the apparatus is propelled,
and the rate of propulsion is the same throughout.
The rollers or rods marked c², c² and d' are preferably of glass or vulcanite, for
the purpose of resisting the action of the acid used in the tanks c and d.
The washing means shewn in the drawing, where jets of water are employed, is
illustrated in detail in Figure 3. In this figure the arrangement of the pipes, and
the up and down vertical movement of the paper, and horizontal direction of the
water jets, are clearly illustrated. The washing apparatus in' and above the
tanks fk and m are all similar to this one illustrated and this one may be taken to
be a detail of that above the tank k, and is lettered accordingly.
Most of the rollers in the tanks are of wood and are stationary; while those
outside the tanks are also of wood, but revolve; and as regards the propelling
winch rollers e, j, n, and p, these are, in some cases, provided with an india-rubber
surface.

page_text: In action, paper is drawn from the rollers a by the driven winch rollers b.
From these it passes through the tank c, which contains sulphuric acid; and upon
leaving the acid it passes over and between the rollers c³, by which the action of
the acid upon the paper is rendered uniform, and the surplus acid removed, this
removed acid being returned to the tank c. The paper is then carried and passes
through the tank d, containing water, wherein the parchmentizing is partly
performed as usual, it passing under rollers d' therein; and from this tank it passes
through the nipping and propelling winch rollers e, whence it passes on under one
of the rollers, up between the water jets issuing from the water pipes f³, over
the roller, and down again between other water jets under a second roller f.
By this washing, free acid is washed off and removed as far as possible; while in
the tank d the acid which comes off from the paper causes the water in this tank to
become dilute acid, and is drawn away therefrom by a pipe d², and can be con-
centrated down and used over again. In this manner, a certain quantity of acid is
recovered. The paper is next led through a soda or alkaline solution in the tank i,
by which any remaining free acid is neutralized, and the solution carried with the
paper to the winch rollers j is expressed by them, and falls back into the tank i.
The paper is next washed by passing it through jets issuing from the pipes ³, the
washing action of which is the same as that already described which takes place in
passing over the rollers f¹ and . The next action or operation upon the paper is
the bleaching, and this is performed in the tank in which suitable bleach matter,
as chloride of lime, is contained. Here the paper passes over rollers and las
shewn; and then, after this, it is washed by conveying it through the water tank m,
and jets of water issuing from pipes m³ in a similar manner to the jet workings
above described. From this washing device, the paper is drawn by the winch
rollers n, and these rollers also serve to convey it through the washing tanks and
rollers placed before and after the bleaching tank. From the rollers n the paper
passes through the tank o containing glycerine, or other suitable softening agent,
whereby the paper is rendered durable and imperishable, and generally finished;
and is passed through the tank o, and wound up on a coil p¹ by the driven winch
roller p.
I
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The direct production or manufacture of vegetable parchment paper from raw
paper web or base, substantially as herein described; that is to say, by machinery
or apparatus consisting of a series of tanks containing the various liquors specified,
with propelling winches or rollers at different points along its length, and washing
devices or means between the different stages of the process, the paper being
introduced at one end of the apparatus as raw paper, passed in a continuous web
through it, and delivered as complete parchmentized paper at the other end.
2. In machinery for manufacturing vegetable parchment paper, the improvement
herein described, consisting of the combination of an acid treating apparatus ;
a bath containing water through which the acid treated paper is passed, and by
which the recovery of acid is effected; and a separate washing apparatus by which
the paper upon leaving the water bath is washed and acid removed; for the
purposes specified.
3. The specific arrangement in combination of the various tanks, nipping and
propelling rollers, and the vertical jet washing devices; particularly as set forth
with reference to and shewn in the drawings.
Dated this 19th day of September 1895.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.