IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESSES FOR STAMPING WITH DIES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESSES FOR STAMPING WITH DIES." A communication from abroad
by Wilhelm Lorenz, of Carlsruhe, Baden, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1880.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR STAMPING WITH
DIES." [A communication from abroad by Wilhelin Lorenz, of Carlsruhe, Baden,
in the German Empire.]
This Invention has reference to that description of presses for stamping with dies
in which the dies for operating on the objects to be stamped are actuated by
toggles.
One part of the present Invention relates to the framing for such presses. The
principal working parts are contained within a hollow cylindrically shaped framing
carried in a horizontal position upon pedestals rising from a base plate, and which
carry the bearings for the driving shafts. The cylindrical part of the framing has
long lateral openings through which access is gained to the working parts; the ends
of the framing are closed, and have passing centrally through them screwed
spindles adjustable by screw nuts, to which spindles are pivotted respectively the
one end of the opposite toggles by which the dies are operated. Thus the entire
strain produced by the stamping operation is transmitted through the axial line of
the cylindrical framing from one end to the other thereof, so that this form of
framing offers the greatest possible strength to resist such strains. There are two
opposite sets of toggles each of which actuates one of two opposite dies, to each of
which a to and fro motion is imparted by the action of a rod in a transverse
direction upon the elbow of the toggle. The rod of the one set of toggles is
actuated directly from a crank on the driving shaft, while the other is actuated by
a cam on the same shaft acting on adjustable rollers in a sliding frame on the end
of a rod, which is connected by a bell crank to the said rod of the toggle. The
crank actuating the one toggle is so arranged that when the links of the toggle
TDminn B.71

page_text: have been brought into a straight line, in which position they exert the maximum
pressure, the crank is in such a position that its continued motion first raises the
elbow of the toggles slightly above such straight line, so as to relieve such pressure,
and then brings it down into the straight line again, so as again to exert the
maximum pressure before finally withdrawing the dic. By this means the correct
shaping of the articles by the dies is always insured, and defects arising from the
existence of imprisoned air between the die and the article, such as occur in
ordinary presses, are prevented.
The dies are carried by slides having three radial arms acting against separate
adjustable slide surfaces on the interior of the framing, so that by a separate
adjustment of each of these slide surfaces any wear can be compensated for, and an
exact central position of the dies be always maintained. Any wear of the pivots
at the elbow and ends of the toggles is also compensated for by the first described
adjusting screws in the ends of the framing.
The driving shaft carries a fast and loose pulley driven by a belt, and also a fly
wheel. The fork for shifting the driving belt for stopping and starting is carried
by a sliding bar connected by a bell crank and link to a hand lever, which is also
connected by links and levers to a break lever acting on the rim of the fly wheel,
so that when the driving belt is thrown on the loose pulley, the break is also
applied to the driving shaft.
Between the two stamping dies is situated the support for the articles to be
The
operated upon, which by way of example I will assume to be cartridge cases.
support in this case consists of a cylindrical hole in a block, which is carried in a
central position by three-radial-arms_extending to the cylindrical framing, each of
which-arms-is-capable_of_separate adjustment by a screw, so-as-to-adjust_the_
cylindrical hole into which the blank for the cartridge-case-is-inserted, exactly in
line with the dies. A shoot supplies the blanks on to a small table, from which
they are pushed into the cylindrical hole by the motion of the one punch. A spring
slide is provided in the shoot for cutting off the supply of blanks when the
operation requires to be stopped. On the action of the dies on the blank being
completed, this is thrust out of the support by the introduction of the next blank.
In order to insure the correct falling away of the finished cartridge case, a striker
is provided which strikes the case away as soon as it is pushed out. This striker is
carried by a lever on which acts a spring tending to impart to it the striking
motion; but the action of the spring is prevented by a tail on the lever held by a
spring stop. The lever and spring stop are arranged to face a cam surface on the
face of the before mentioned fly wheel. On the rotation of the fly wheel the cam
surface is made first to release the spring stop, so as to allow the spring of the
striking lever to impart the striking motion thereto, after which the cam brings the
lever back to its original position, so as to engage with the spring catch again.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
March 1881.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR STAMPING WITH
DIES." A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Lorenz, of Carlsruhe, Baden,
in the German Empire.
This Invention bas reference to that description of presses for stamping with
dies in which the dies for operating on the objects to be stamped are actuated by
toggles.
One part of the present Invention relates to the framing for such presses. The
principal working parts are contained within a hollow cylindrically shaped framing
carried in a horizontal position upon pedestals rising from a base plate, and which
carry the bearings for the driving shafts. The cylindrical part of the framing has
long lateral openings through which access is gained to the working parts; the ends
of the framing aro closed, and have passing centrally through them screwed spindles
adjustable by screw nuts, to which spindles are pivotted respectively the one end
of the opposite toggles by which the dies are operated. Thus the entire strain
produced by the stamping operation is transmitted through the axial line of the
cylindrical framing from one end to the other thereof, so that this form of framing
offers the greatest possible strength to resist such strains. There are two opposite
sets of toggles, each of which actuates one of two opposite dies, to each of which a
to and fro motion is imparted by the action of a rod in a tranverse direction upon
the elbow of the toggle. The rod of the one set of toggles is actuated directly from
a crank on the driving shaft, while the other is actuated by a cam on the same
shaft acting on adjustable rollers in a sliding frame on the end of a rod which is
connected by a bell crank to the said rod of the toggle. The crank actuating the
one toggle is so arranged that when the links of the toggle have been brought into
a straight line, in which position they exert the maximum pressure, the crank is in
such a position that its continued motion first raises the elbow of the toggle slightly
above such straight line so as to relieve such pressure and then bring it down into
the straight line again, so as again to exert the maximum pressure before finally
withdrawing the die. By this means the correct shaping of the articles by the
dies is always insured, and defects arising from the existence of imprisoned air
between the die and the article, such as occur in ordinary presses, are prevented.
The dies are carried by slides having three radial arms acting against separate
adjustable slide surfaces on the interior of the framing, so that by a separate
adjustment of each of these slide surfaces any wear can be compensated for, and an
exact central position of the dies be always maintained. Any wear of the pivots
at the elbow and ends of the toggles is also compensated for by the first described
adjusting screws in the ends of the framing.
The driving shaft carries a fast and loose pulley driven by a belt, and also a fly
wheel. The fork for shifting the driving belt for stopping and starting is carried
by a sliding bar connected by a bell crank and link to a hand lever, which is also
connected by links and levers to a break lever acting on the rim of the fly wheel,
so that when the driving belt is thrown on the loose pulley the break is also
applied to the driving shaft.
Between the two stamping dies is situated the support for the articles to be
operated upon, which, by way of example, I will assume to be cartridge cases.
The support in this case consists of a cylindrical hole in a block which is carried
in a central position by three radial arms extending to the cylindrical framing,
each of which arms is capable of separate adjustment by a screw, so as to adjust the

page_text: ES
WHICH
line with the dies. A shoot supplies the blanks on to a small table, from which
they are pushed into the cylindrical hole by the motion of the one punch. A spring
slide is provided in the shoot for cutting off the supply of blanks when the operation
requires to be stopped. On the action of the dies on the blank being completed,
this is thrust out of the support by the introduction of the next blank. In order
to insure the correct falling away of the finished cartridge case, a striker is provided
which strikes the case away as soon as it is pushed out. This striker is carried by
a lever on which acts a spring tending to impart to it the striking motion, but the
action of the spring is prevented by a tail on the lever held by a spring stop. The
lever and spring stop are arranged to face a cam surface on the face of the before
mentioned fly wheel. On the rotation of the fly wheel the cam surface is made
first to release the spring stop so as to allow the spring of the striking lever to
impart the striking motion thereto, after which the cam brings the lever back to
its original position so as to engage with the spring catch again.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 shews a part side elevation and part longitudinal section of the before
described machine; Fig. 2 shews a part plan and part sectional plan; Figs. 3 and 4
Bliew.cross sections taken respectively through the driving shaft and at a point
behind the dies; Figs. 5, 6, and 7 shews respectively a cross section, a part longi-
tudinal section, and a part sectional plan to an enlarged scale; and, Fig. 8-shews.a.
modified arrangement-of-the-bell crank lever for working the toggle h, '.
The framing consists of the upper part A, the base-B, B-and_the_intermediate
part C, C, of which the latter forins-the-bearings.a!,.a, for the driving shaft. The
part A is partly of cylindrical form, being so constructed that the whole-of-the-
working pressure is taken by the three parts b, b1, b2, which at both ends are
united in one solid casting, which, as before described, is of such a form as
effectually to withstand the considerable strains to which it is subjected, without
being of excessive weight, the whole of the parts being only subjected to direct
tension. The working parts inside this framing are all readily visible and accessible
through the side openings 63, 6; the lower part of the framing is also quite open on
one side, so that receptacles for the articles operated upon can be readily introduced
and removed. The driving shaft c, carried in the bearings a, a, a³, a³, receives
motion from the fixed pulley d, on one side of which is the loose pulley d, and on
the other side the fly wheel d². The stopping and starting is effected by means. of
the gear e, e¹, e², es, et, actuated by lever, whereby at the same time the fly wheel
is immediately brought to a standstill by the action of the bell crank lever g, g²,
rod g³, and break lever g'. For transmitting the power to the toggles h, h, and h², h³,
the latter are actuated directly from the crank shaft i by means of the connecting
rod k, while h, h¹, are worked from the same shaft by means of the cam / actuating
the rod m connected to a lever n on a shaft c³, having a second lever n' connected
by a rod m² to the toggle. Instead of arranging the levers n, n¹³, as shewn at
Fig. 1, they may be reversed, as shewn at Fig. 8, in which case the rod operates
with a thrust instead of a pull. In order to avoid loss by friction with the cam 6,
the slotted end m², m³, of the rod m is provided with antifriction rollers l', 13, of
which the latter takes the principal strain, and is consequently mounted in an
adjustable slide; the slotted end m², m³, of the rod slides to and fro on guide
blocks p, p, mounted on the axis of the cam l. By the above arrangement any
wear of the working parts may be compensated by adjusting the roller and the
bearing of the crank pin in the slotted end of the rod k, so that in connection with
the adjustable fixed joints q, q', of the toggles, the stamping dies r, r², can always
be adjusted to a uniform travel. The reciprocating dies r, r, are carried by
slides 8, 8', working in three guides; in order to adjust the dies accurately to the
centre, these guides are each adjustable in the framing in a radial direction, as
shewn. The lateral guides are each composed of two parts, one part 8² being

page_text: vertically adjustable, while the other part 83 is horizontally adjustable, so as to
avoid having inclined surfaces to plane. As before stated, the position of the
crank and cam are so arranged relatively to the other working parts, that after
the toggle has been raised into position for exerting the greatest pressure, it is
raised slightly above that position and then brought back to it. Fig. 1 shews the
position in which the toggles are both raised to the straight line so as to exert the
maximum pressure on the article operated upon. The crank is now vertical, but
the connecting rod is slightly inclined, so that when the crank has moved a little
farther so as to bring it and the rod in a straight line, the elbow of the toggle h², h³,
will have been raised slightly above the said position. By this movement the dies
are slightly removed from the article between then, while on the further motion
of the parts the links of the toggle being again brought into the straight line, the
die again exerts its pressure, as the left hand die ", although it has moved
This
slightly farther away from the article, still offers sufficient resistance.
resistance is produced by the fact that the air confined between the die and
the hollow article, as, for instance, a metal cartridge case, is subjected during the
first pressing operation to a very great degree of compression, such compression
being sufficient to afford the requisite resistance even after the slight expansion
due to the receding of the dier has taken place. The second pressure has for its
object to remove the distension of the base of the cartridge caso which occurs after
the first pressure on account of the before mentioned excessive compression of the
confined air, and to impart to the article the exact form required. This improved
mode of operating insures, therefore, that all the articles manufactured shall be of
accurately the same configuration, which in the manufacture of military cartridges
is of the greatest importance, as with the present modes of manufacture thereof a
considerable proportion have to be rejected on account of a want of such absolute
uniformity. It will, of course, be necessary to insure that the machine shall work
continuously with such uniformity of action that the working parts shall be
adjusted for wear from time to time, and that the dies shall be changed when at
all worn.
The pressing mechanism, shewn on the Drawing, is that for metal
cartridges; for other articles it would be correspondingly modified. The crosshead Z,
which carries the press cylinder and its adjuncts is fitted with three symetrically
arranged arms into the framing, and can be adjusted centrally by the screws u, u', u³.
The articles to be operated upon are fed automatically through the shoot V. The
dic w, within the die r, at every forward stroke takes a cartridge case from the
shoot and forces it through the press cylinder towards the base die w¹ in the die r',
which theu imparts its proper form to the base by the double pressing action above
described. Both dies then recede, and the dier takes another cartridge case from
the shoot, and, in forcing it into the cylinder, at the same time drives out the
finished case therefrom. This latter has a tendency to adhere with its rear edge
to the new blank introduced, in order to prevent which, and insure its falling down
into the receptacle as soon as it is protruded, it is struck away by a striking
mechanism, shewn more clearly at Figs. 5, 6, and 7. The fly wheel carries an
adjustable cam surface x, which in its rotation acts upon the arms h and h³,
operating as follows:-The arm h³ is fixed on a spindle c³, urged by a helical spring
to turn in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 5, and carrying a second arm he, in which
is secured the striking bar a³, so that when the spring is free to act, the arm hª
and the striking bar receive a quick downward movement so as to strike away the
cartridge case. During the stamping operation this movement is prevented, and
the spindle with the striker locked in the position shewn by a square head on the
end of the arm h³ engaging with a collar on an arm h' on the spindle c. This
spindle is also urged by a spring tending to turn it in the direction of the arrow,
so that when h' is engaged with h, they are locked securely in that position. On
the rotation of the car x, the inner curved surface, acting on the roller, depresses
the arm hand so frees the arm h³, but at the same time it acts with its flat face
upon the roller of h³, so as to maintain the latter in the position shewn until a
depression y (Fig. 7) in the face of the cam arrives opposite the arm, whereupon

page_text: by the action of its spring the spindle c³ will be slightly turned, and the before
described inovement of the striker effected. The depression y having passed, the
arms ho, ho, with the striker will be brought back to their original position by
the cam, which will then release the arm again so as to allow it to spring into
gear with h³ again. A spring slide is provided at E, which by means of a hand
trigger can be made to close the feeding shoot so as to cut off the supply of blanks
when the operation has to be suspended from any cauce.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim in respect of die stamping presses,-
First. The combination of the pressing toggles with their dies arranged to slide
centrally within the framing A, in which they are capable of adjustment,
substantially as herein described.
Second. The arrangement herein described, whereby the dies are at each operation
made to effect two consecutive pressing actions upon the blanks.
Third. The herein described combination of parts constituting a striking
mechanism for removing the finished articles.
Fourth. The use of the spring slide E, with trigger k² for closing the supply
shoot V.
Fifth. The peculiar construction of cylindrical framing A, herein described.
In witness-whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March,-in-the-year of our Lord. One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
NAS n ADDT