Ix. PROVEMENTS IN SHOES, AND OTHER-APPLIANCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE FEET AND ANKLES OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53,.Chancery Lane, in the. County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "Ix.
PROVEMENTS IN SHOES, AND OTHER-APPLIANCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE
FEET AND ANKLES OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS."-A.communication',
from abroad by Albert Sayles Wilkinson, of. Pawtucket, Providence.
County, State of Rhode Island,, United States of America.
Sealed the 14th September 1866, and dated the 11th May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the
11th May 1866.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, iv. the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby, declare the. nature, of the-said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES AND OTHER APPLIANCES, FOR THE PROTECTION
OF THE FEET AND ANKLES.OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be-as follows:-
This. Invention consists in a novel mode, of attaching. the two plates of:
double shoes to each other by slow taper rivets, the rivet tapering through
its entire length before it is riveted in, or the taper of the rivet at least.
reaching from the bottom of the shoe-up. through the lower plate, so that
the said plate cannot drop, off, by the head of the rivet, becoming worn
until the plate is quite. worn out.
Amthis Inventionalso consists in a novel method of removing the innerupper.

page_text: edge of a shoe, which in ordinary horse-shoes is done by bevilling off the said
edge, but which I effect by using a narrow upper plate and a wide lower plate
combined. Also in an improved rubber device for preventing sand and grit from
working in between the inner edge of the shoe and the foot, which consists of
a rubber air cushion secured at the said inner upper edge of the shoe by a rubber
flange disposed between the plates of the shoe. Also in providing the outer
edge of a shoe with a rubber fender secured by a flange between the plates,
which fender is like a projecting bead surrounding the edge of the shoe to
prevent cutting, clicking, forging, and overreaching. Also in riveting calkins
to the lower plate of a double shoe by slow taper or common rivets, so that
the said calkins when worn out may be removed from the said lower plate
and new calkins riveted on, so that the plate is saved and not condemned by
the wearing out of the first set of calkins. Also in combining with the taper
rivet a portion of the common horse nail for securing the shoe to the foot, so
that the taper rivet portion acts as a head for the horse-shoe nail. Also in
providing a detachable shoe, which is secured to the foot by high toe clips and
clamping bands with a false bottom plate which receives all the wear, and
which may be readily renewed at any time when worn out at a trifling cost,
thus obviating the necessity for condemning the more costly portions of the
shoe when the bottom portion or plate has become worn; and, further, I
secure the shoes by heel-curved clips rigidly fixed to the upper plate of the
shoe, and by clamping bands with tightening screws with a ratchet head or
jam nut to fix it in position. I further apply a rubber padding between the
clamping bands and the hoof. In constructing these parts I use a shaping
form to facilitate the construction of the clamping bands, clips, and other parts
of such shoes which is simply a former of the shape of the hoof with a horn or
prong above and below to fix it in the anvil either way up. Also in attaching
a thin plate of steel or other suitable metal to a shoe in such a manner as to
practically extend the shoe inward to cover or more fully cover the sole of the
foot, and shield the same from shocks and blows without materially increasing
the weight of the shoe; and, further, to afford increased facilities fortreatingand
curing certain ailments which the feet of animals are subjected to. Also in an
improved adjustable calk, which has a pair of arms extending upward, and
each arm terminating with an inward flange, the said arms reaching up one
on the iuside of the shoe plate, and the other upon the outside, so that their
flanges may get a hold on the upper corners or edges of the shoe plate for
holding the calk to the said plate or bar of the shoe, the calks being placed
on the shoe by slipping them on at the heel of the shoe, and securing them
firmly in place by means of keys or screws. Also in an adjustable calk

page_text: having a tenon which fits mi
mortisti. the bar of the she, anti, surd
in place by a screw key; also in an adja-table toe calk and toe clip com-
bined; the calk and clip are in separate pieces, but are riveted together when
they are placed on the shoe, and are secured to the shoe by the said riveting
and while the shoe is fastened to the foot of the animal, and may also be
detached from the shoe without taking the shoe from the foot. Also in giving
a shoe a round toe by removing the toe calk from the front edge of the shoe
where it has been placed heretofore, and dropping it back to the rear edge of
the shoe plate or bar. Also in a rolling shoe, which consists in a shoe plate
made fair and straight upon its upper surface, and its lower surface hollowed
out or cut away at the front and rear of the shoe in such manner as to make
the lower face of the shoe in general outline a convex or rolling form, while
portions of the lower face of the plate at the toe and heels, are allowed.to
remain and form calks, or the calks may be fixed thereon or dispensed with,
and the rounded parts near the toe and heels may be protected with thin steel
plates riveted thereto and roughened or not. Also in an improved racing
shoe, which consists in a very light steel shoe having a continuous clip running
around the shoe, which gives it great vertical stiffness and more thoroughly
protects the edge of the hoof, and the said continuous clip being more elevated
at the too and heel, and the whole clip being of such shape as to fit over, the
shelving edge of the hoof; but little fastening at the heel of the shoe is all
that is required to hold it securely to the foot; and when this shoe is sprung
on this heel fastening may consist of a single nail or screw in each heel, or of
a connection made between the tops of the heel clips; and in slitting the
shoe or the bottom plate thereof radially on its inner edge near the front of the
shoe so as to make a spring joint or joints to allow free expansion of the heel
or quarters of the hoof; and in a novel construction of heel clips, whereby
they are enabled to reach up over the cornets and get a good sustaining hold
of the foot, so that the shoe is secured to the foot by the clips alone and
without the aid of other fastenings, and the shoe thereby being made a
detachable one, and in combining a continuous calk with a continuous clip,
the calk being wholly upon the inner or the outer edge of the bar, or it may
be divided, so that a portion is upon the outer edge and the remainder upon
the inner edge of the bar of the shoe. Also in providing a shoe, with a high
and wide toe clip, and with curved or semicircular heel clips, and then
attaching the shoe to the foot by a single pail (or screw) or by two nails, both
being driven on one side of the foot, while the opposite side of the heel.or
foot is left free and is allowed to play laterally on the shoe and in its clip to
allow expansion and contraction of the heel of the foot, and in attaching a

page_text: shoe of such construction to the foot with straps of flexible material instead of
nails, so that the shoe may be adjusted or removed from the foot with
great readiness, and be used as a "sandal" shoe for temporary or regular
service. Also in a hinge-jointed shoe having a hinge joint, whose pin passes
through the lower plate, and has a tapering head of the full thickness of the
said late, whereby it is not liable to become inoperative by being battered
upon hard roads, and whereby the joint is not liable to drop apart when the
shoe is only partially worn out, and in securing this class of shoe to the foot
by means of a toe clip aud by a single nail or screw in each heel of the shoe,
or by a toe clip and heel clips of such form that the nail or screw fastenings
are dispensed with and the shoe made an adjustable one, and in making an
elastic connection between the heels of the shoe by means of steel springs or
by other elastic material, such as rubber. Also in modifying the construction
of shoes for contracted feet, so that they may be worn at all times, and the
animal kept at moderate healthful daily work, which favors a permanent cure
of foot disease, which modification consists in protecting the expanding screw
by placing it well up beyond the line of wear and dropping it in between the
heel clips, so as to be thereby shielded from blows, and in providing each end
of the expending screw with a jam nut, so that it shall remain securely in
any position in which it is adjusted, and in the use of heel clips of a semi-
circular form curving in between the heels of the foot so as to get a good hold
thereof. Also this Invention consists in applying rubber soles to horse-shoes
to prevent slipping on ice and pavements without the use of calks; and also
to give the shoe au elastic treading surface, which saves the frame of the
animal from shocks upon hard roads. I embed a small lower plate in the
rubber and rivet the whole to the upper plate of the shoe, which may be
secured in parts or all round the shoe. The upper plate may even be dis
pensed with, and the lower plate embedded in rubber fixed at once to the
hoof. I sometimes apply hidden calkins to project through the rubber and
effect contact with the road wheu sufficient pressure is applied.
This Invention also consists in providing a sponge stopping, which is so
shaped as to correctly fill the hollow of the foot, and having a V-shaped notch
cut in its rear side, which fits onto the sharp front of the frog and holds the
sponge from getting crowded out of place, and in a similar shaped air cushion
or solid rubber cushion having a rubber flange for securing it to the shoe, and
having a flap on its rear side for drawing up behind the heel to prevent dirt
from entering at the heel and getting between the stopping and the foot; also
in a thin metallic plate with a modification thereof, next herein described, for
securing the stoppings in the shoe in an adjustable manner, and for pr .tecting

page_text: the said stoppings and the foot from injury; also in encasing a thin, metallic
retaining plate in rubber for protecting the foot or the stopping, the said
retaining plate or shield having a rubb r flange for securing it to the shoe;
and also having a rubber heel flap attached for protecting the heel and for
excluding dirt, sand, and grit from the sole of the foot; also in a fetlock
hoop or sleeve made of rubber or other material having the required flexibility
and clasticity, so that the hoop may be sprung on over the foot, and then by
contraction adjust itself to the joint or leg with a sufficient grasp to be self-
sustaining thereon; and also in a modification of the same in which the hoop
is cut, and is attached to the leg by buttons or by elastic strings, and when so
attached to the joint the body of the hoop, owing to its elasticity, conforms
to the shape of the limb and makes a symmetrical fit, and grasps the joint as
before to keep the hoop in place.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Clark, my executors,administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHOES AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE FEET AND ANKLES OF
HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," a communication to me from abroad by Albert
Sayles Wilkinson, of Pawtucket, Providence County, State of Rhode Island,
United States of America, upou the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Clark, my executors of administrators, by an instrument in
writing under ny, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par.

page_text: ticularly de-cribe and ascertain the nature of the said Invent on, and in whit
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):―
'This Invention consists in a novel mode of attaching the two plates of
double shoes to cach other by slow taper rivets; the rivet tapering through
its entire length before it is riveted in, or the taper of the rivet, at least,
reaching from the bottom of the shoe up through the lower plate, so that
the said plate cannot drop off by the head of the rivet becoming worn until
the plate is quite worn out.
And this Invention also consists in a novel method of removing the inner
upper edge of a shoe which in ordinary horse-shoes is done by bevelling. off
the said edge. Also in an improved rubber device for preventing sand and
grit from working in between the inner edge of the shoe and the foot, which
consists in a rubber air cushion secured at the said inner upper edge of the
shoe. Also in providing the outer edge of the shoe with a rubber fender
to prevent cutting, clicking, forging, overreaching, &c. Also in riveting
calkins to the lower plate of a double shoe by taper or common rivets, so that
the said calkins when worn out may be removed from the said lower plate
and new calkins riveted on, so that the plate is saved an not condemned by
the wearing out of the first set of calkings. Also in combining with the taper
rivet a portion of the common horse nail for securing the shoe to the foot, so
that the taper rivet portion acts as a head for the horse-shoe nail. Also in
providing a detachable shoe which is secured to the foot by clips and clamping
bands with a false bottom plate which receives all the wear, and which is
readily renewed at any time when worn out at a trifling cost, thus obviating
the necessity for condemning the more costly portions of the shoe when the
bottom portion or plate has become worn.
And this Invention further consists in certain minor improvements in the
details of this class of shoe as herein-after explained, and in a shaping form to
facilitate the construction of the clamping bands, clips, and other parts of such
shoes. Also in attaching a thin plate of steel or other suitable metal to a shoe
in such a manner as to practically extend the shoe inward to cover or more
fully cover the sole of the foot and shield the same from shocks and blows

page_text: without materially increasing the weight of the shoe; and, further, to afford
increased facilities for treating and curing certain ailments which the feet of
animals are subjected to. Also in an improved adjustable calk which has a
pair of arms extending upward and each arm terminating with an inward
flange, the said arms reaching up, one on the inside of the shoe plate and the
other upon the outside, so that their flanges may get a hold on the upper
corners or edges of the shoe plate for holding the calk to the said plate or bar
of the shoe, the calks being placed on the shoe by slipping them on at the
heel of the shoe and securing firmly in place by means of keys or screws.
Also in an adjustable calk having a tenon which fits into a mortise in the bar
of the shoe, and is secured in place by a screw key; also in an adjustable
toe calk and toe clip combined, the calk and clip being in separate pieces but
are rivetted together when they are placed on the shoe, and are secured to
the shoe by the said rivetting and while the shoe is fastened to the foot of
the animal, and may also be detached from the shoe without taking the shoe
from the foot. Also in giving a shoe a round toe by taking the toe calk from
the front edge of the shoe where it has been placed heretofore, and dropping
it back to the rear edge of the shoe plate or bar. Also in a rolling shoe,
which consists in a shoe plate made fair and straight upon its upper surface
and its lower surface hollowed out or cut away at the front and rear of the
shoe in sich manner as to make the lower face of the shoe in general com-
plexion a convex or rolling form, while portions of the lower face of the plate
at the toe and heels are allowed to remain and formn calks. Also in an im-
proved racing shoe, which consists in a verylight steel shoe having a continuous
clip running around the shoe which gives it great vertical stiffness and more
thoroughly protects the edge of the hoof, and the said continuous clip being
more elevated at the toe and heel, and the whole clip being of such shape as
to fit over the shelving edge of the hoof, but little fastening at the heel of
the shoe is all that is required to hold it securely to the foot; and when this
shoe is sprung on this heel fastening may consist in a single nail or screw
in each heel, or of a connection made between the tops of the heel clips; and
in slitting the shoe or the bottom plate thereof radially on its inner edge near
the front of the shoe, so as to make a spring joint or joints to allow free
expansion of the heel or quarters of the hoof; and in a novel construction
of heel clips whereby they are enabled to reach up over the cornets and get a
good sustaining hold of the foot, so that the shoe is secured to the foot by the
clips alone and without the aid of other fastenings, and the shoe thereby being
madea detachable one; and in combining a continuous calk with a continuous"
clip, the calk being wholly upon the inner or the outer edge of the bar, or it'

page_text: being divided so that a portion is upon the outer edge and the balance upon
the inner edge of the bar of the shoe. Also in providing a shoe with a high
and wide toe clip, and with curved or semicircular heel clips; and then
attaching the shoe to the foot by a single nail (or screw), or by two nails, both
being driven on one side of the foot, while the opposite side of the foot or
heel is left free and is allowed to play laterally on the shoe.and in its clip to
allow expansion and contraction of the heel of the foot; and: in. attaching a
shoe of such construction to the foot with straps of flexible material instead of
nails, so that the shoe may be adjusted or removed from the foot.with great
readiness and be used as a "sandal" shoe for temporary.or for regular
service. Also in a hinge-jointed shoe having a hinge joint of novel construction
wherebyitis not liableto become inoperative bybeing battereduponhard roads,
and wherebythe joint is not liable to drop apartwhen. the shoe is onlypartially
worn out, and in securing this class of shoe, to the foot by means of artoe
clip and by a single nail or screw in each heel of the shoe, or by a toe clip
and heel clips of such form that the nail or screw fastenings are dispensed
with and the shoe madean adjustable one; and in making anelasticconnection
between the heels of the shoe by means of steel springs or by other elastic
material, such as rubber. Also in modifying, the construction of shoes for
contracted feet, so that they may be worn at all times, and the animal kept at
moderate lealthful daily work, which favors a permanent cure of the disease,
and, consists in protecting the expanding screw by placing it well up beyond
the line of wear, and, dropping it between the heel clips so as to be thereby
shielded from blows; and in providing each end of the expanding sorew with
a jam nut so that it shall remain securely in any position in which it is placed;
and in the use of heel clips of a semicircular form curving in between the
heels of the foot so as to get a good hold thereof. Also this Invention
consists in giving shoes a rubbersole to prevent slipping on ice and pavements
without the use of calks, and to also give the shoe an elastic treading surface,
which saves the frame of the animal from shocks upon hard roads.
My Invention also consists in providing a sponge "stopping," which. is so
shaped as to correctlyfill the hollow of the foot, and having a V-shaped notch
cut in its rear side which fits on to the sharp: front of the frog and holds the
sponge from getting crowded out of place, and in a similar shaped air cushion
or solid rubber cushion having.a.rubber flange.for, securing it to the shoe,
and, having a flap on its rear side for drawing up behind the heel to prevent
dirt,&c., from entering at the heel, getting between the stopping and the foot;
also in a.. thin. metallic plate with a modification thereof for securing the
stoppings.in.the.shoe in an adjustable manner; and, for protecting ther said.

page_text: stoppings and the foot from injury; also in encasing a thin metallic retaining
plate in rubber for protecting the foot or the stoppings, the suid retaining
plate or shield having a rubber flange for securing it to the shoe, and also
having a rubber heel flap attached for protecting the heel and for excluding
dirt, sand, and grit from the solo of the foot; also in a fetlock hoop or sleeve
made of rubber or other material having the required flexibility and elasticity
so that the hoop may be sprung on over the foot and then by contraction
adjust itself to the joint or leg with a sufficient grasp to be self-sustaining
thereon;
and also in a modification of the same in which the hoop is cut
and is attached to the leg by buttons or by elastic strings, and when so
attached to the joint the body of the hoop, owing to its elasticity, conforms
to the shape of the limb and makes a symmetrical fit, and grasps the joint
as before to keep the hoop in place.
Having described the nature of my improvements I will proceed to
describe their construction and operation.
Figure 1 in the accompanying Drawings is a top view of a double horse-
shoe, and Figure 1 is a cross section of the same taken in the line x, a
Fig. 1, and illustrates my improved method of rivetting together two plates
of the double horse-shoe.
Figure 2 is a top view of a double horse-shoe, a modification of Figure 1,
and Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same.
Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 2 with a hollow rubber cushion attached
to its inner upper edge, to prevent dirt from getting in between the shoe
and the hoof, and Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same
taken in the line y, y, Figure 3.
Figure 4 is a top view of the rubber in Figure 3 in a modified form, and
Figure 4ª is a section of the same in the line z, z, Figure 4.
Figure 5 shows a bottom view of the lower plate of a double horse-shoe,
having calkios rivetted thereto, and Figure 5' is a section of the same.
Figure 6 is a slow taper rivet for rivetting together the two plates of a
double shoe, and Figure 7 is a modification of the said taper rivet whereby
it is made to act as a rivet and horse nail combined, or horse nail with a
slow taper head.
Figures 8, &, aud 8b, are different views of a single modification of this
Invention, Figure 8 being a vertical longitudinal section taken in the line x,v,
in Figure 8b, and Figure 8 being a horizontal section taken in the line y, y,
in Figure 8, and Figure 8 is a rear view of Figures 8 and 8*.
Figure 9 is a top view of a modification of Figure 8, and Figure 9* is'a
sectional view of a detail of Figure 9.

page_text: :
Figure 10 is a rear view of a second modification of Figure 8, and
Figure 10 is a bottom view of the same.
Figure 11 is a perspective view of a rubber sack which is placed on the hoof
before the shoe is adjusted to the foot to prevent abrasion of the hoof.
Figure 12 is a shaping form or anvil to facilitate the construction of
various parts of the shoes.
Figure 13 is a top view of a webbed shoe, and Figure 13" is a section of
the same taken in the line x, x, Figure 13.
Figure 14 is a side view of an improved adjustable calk, and Figure 14"
is an end view of the same.
Figure 15 is a side view of a modification of Figure 14, and Figure 15*
is an end view of the same.
Figure 16 is a side view of a second modification of Figure 14, and
Figure 16 is an end view of the same.
Figure 17 is a vertical section of an adjustable calk which has a tenon on
its upper end, and fits into a mortise in the bar or plate of a shoe, and is
held in place by a screw key, and Figure 17" is a bottom view of the same.
And Figure 18 is a vertical longitudinal' section of an adjustable toe calk
and toe clip, which are secured to the shoe by being rivetted together.
f..
And Figure 19 is a like view of a modification thereof, and Figure 19-
is a bottom view of the said modification.
Figure 20 is a vertical central section of a shoe provided with my improved
rolling toe calk taken in the line, a, Figure 20, and Figure 20" is a bottom
view of the same.
Figure 21 is a central vertical section of a modification of Figure 20 taken in
the line y,y, Figure 21, and Figure 21 is a bottom view of the said modification.
Figure 22 is a central longitudinal section of a rolling shoe, and Figure 22ª
is a bottom view thereof.
Figure 23 is a central longitudinal section of a modification of Figure 22,
and Figure 23" is a bottom view of the same.
Figure 24 is a central longitudinal section of a second modification of
Figure 22, and Figure 24ª is a bottom view of the same.
Figure 25 is a central longitudinal section of a third modification of
Figure 22, and Figure 25 is a bottom view of the said modification.
Figure 26 is a top view of an improved racing shoe, and Figure 26* a
vertical section through the line a, a, in Figure 26; Figure 26 is a rear
view of Figure 26.
Figure 27 is a top view of a modification of Figure 26; and Figure 27" is a
side view of the same, and Figure 27 is a rear view of the said modification.

page_text: Figure 28 is a central longitudinal section of a second modification of my
improved racing shoe, and Figure 29 is a central longitudinal section of a
third modification; and,
Figure 30 is a bottom view of a fourth modification of Figure 26, and
Figure 30 is a side view of the said fourth modification.
Figure 31 is a top view of a shoe showing an improved method of attaching
shoes to the feet of horses and other animals, and Figure 31* is a vertical
longitudinal section of the same through the line x, x, Figure 31.
Figure 32 is a modification of Figure 31.
Figure 33 is a top view of an improved hinge jointed shoe, and Figure 33*
is a section of the same taken in the line a, a, Figure 33.
Figure 34 is a detail view.
2
Figure 35 is a top view of a modification of Figure 33; Figure 35* is a
side view of the said modification, and Figure 35b is a rear view of the same.
Figure 36 is a detail view.
Figure 37 is a bottom view of an improved shoe for contracted feet;
Figure 37 is a vertical longitudinal section of the same through the line x, x,
in Figure 37, and Figure 37" is a cross section through the line y, y, in
Figure 37.
Figure 38 is a bottom view of an improved rubbersoled shoe, and Figure 38*
is a section of the same taken in the line a, a, Figure 38.
Figure 39 is a bottom view of a modification of Figure 38, and Figure 39ª
is a section of the same taken in the line y, y, Figure 39.
Figure 40 is a modification of Figure 38, shown in red outline.
Figure 41 is a third modification of Figure 38, and Figure 41 is a central
longitudinal section of the same taken in the line z, z, Figure 41.
Figure 42 is an improved sponge "stopping."
Figure 43 is a stopping formed of a rubber air cushion, being hollow and
having air confined within.
Figure 44 is a rubber stopping attached to a rubber plate by which the
stopping is secured to the shoe.
Figure 45 is a top view of an ordinary horse-shoe having a thin metallic
supporting plate adjusted thereto for supporting the stoppings and shielding
them from injury when applied to the foot.
Figure 46 is a vertical longitudinal section of Figure 45 taken in the line
x, x, Figure 45, and serves to show more fully the method of adjusting the
metallic shield or supporting plate to the ordinary horse-shoe.
Figure 17 is a supporting plate of modified construction.
Figure 48 is a metallic supporting plate encased in rubber or like material

page_text: as shown by Figure 4S", which is a longitudinal section of Figure 48, taken
in the line, ; Figure 48b is also a longitudinal section of Figure 48, and
shows the rubber encased supporting plate as applied to a 1 two-plated horse-
shoe, the rubber flange outside of the supporting plate being riveted or
fastened in between the two parts of the said two-plated shoe.
Figure 49 shows a perspective view of an improved fetlock hoop for
protecting the ankle or fetlock joint; and Figures 50 and 50° show a modi-
fication thereof.
A, Figures 1 and 1 in the Drawings, is the top plate of a double horse-
shoe, and a, (Figure 1") is the bottom plate of the same. These two plates
are secured together by slow taper rivets B (see also B, Figure 6). The
rivet-holes in the shoe are punched or reamed out in a tapering form to
correspond with the rivet, and these holes are also countersunk tightly upon
the top side of the shoe, so that when the taper rivet is drawn in from below
the small end is rivetted down to fill the countersink, and forms a head bon
the top of the upper shoe. By this form of rivet the lower or false shoe a is
hold securely to the upper until quite worn out. The advantage of this kind
of shoe is that the false plate or shoe may be worn out and then replaced by
a new one. It is customary to bevel the inner upper edge of horse-shoes
(as shown by bevel k, k, Figures 1 and 1ª), so that when the sole of the foot
descends under pressure it shall not be bruised by being brought into contact
with iron. Provision is made to obviate this objection by making the
upper plate A (Figures 2 and 2*), as wide only as needed for the shell of the
hoof to rest upon, and this does away with the wedge-shaped space between
the shoe and the sole of the horse's foot, which is formed by a bevelled edge
(as shown by k, l, (Figures 1 and 1ª), and into which stones are driven and
wedged hard to the great injury of the foot; and, further, by this form of
shoe that part of the lower plate which projects inward so as to form a shelf
offers greater facilities for securing adjustable shields, etc., to the sole of
the foot.
D, 1, Figures 3 and 3, is an air cushion or hollow rubber cushion to
prevent dirt, sand, grit, &c. from working in between the inner edge of the
shoe and the sole of the foot; this cushion is secured to the shoe by a rubber
flange d, d, Figure 3ª, which is rivetted in between the two parts A, a, of
the shoe; the hollow of the cushion or the space for confining the air is shown
by i in the sectional view Figure 3ª.
Figure 4 is a modification of this device, but as an additional improvement
not shown, in Figure 3, which improvement consists in constructing a swell or
cushion E, E, (Figures 4 and 4") upon the outer edge of the flange d, d,

page_text: which projects out beyond the shoe on all sides and acts as an elastic fender to
prevent "cutting," "forging," "overreaching," "clinking," &c. The flanges
d, d, of either of these devices may be rivetted in between the plates of the
shoe or may be placed between the shoe and the hoof and secured in place
by fastening the shoe to the hoof.
Figure 5 and 5 show a bottom plate a with calkins, which may be kept
ready to replace a smooth bottom plate a at any time, or may be used per-
manently. Its calkins F, F, are rivetted into the plate by slow taper rivets
or by ordinary rivets or screws, and by this means when the calkins become
worn down they may be removed and new ones substituted on a lower plate
which is still good and which would otherwise necessarily be condemned.
B, c, Figure 7, is a slow taper rivet combined with the body part of a horse
nail and forming an improved head therefor. By the use of such nails but
little other fastening is required to hold the double shoe together, if any, as
such nail head is not only strong and stiff but it fills all parts of the hole
snugly and prevents all play between the parts of the shoe. The lower and
larger end of these nail heads B, Figure 7, may be allowed to project below
the shoe to act as small calkius; this nail head is particularly well adapted for
such use owing to its strength and to its fitting firmly and closely through the
whole thickness of the shoe; in such case the nail would be made of steel
and annealed soft, the head only being hardened. The lower part or head B
of the rivets for fastening the shoe plates together may also be allowed to
project downward below the shoe to act as calkins if desired, and in such case
they would be made of steel.
A, a, Figures 8 and 8b in the Drawings, is a double shoe; B is a high and
wide toe clip attached to the upper shoe A; and b, b, (Figures 8, 8*, and 8b,)
are curved heel clips which are constructed in one piece, as shown by b, b,
Figure 8°, and are also secured rigidly to the upper plate A. These clips
b, b, are elevated above the line of wear, as shown by rear view of b, b,
Figure 8. ff, is a metallic clamping or retaining band for holding the shoe
to the foot, and is attached to the shoe in an adjustable manner by buttoning
the ends of the band on to the studs or buttons g, g, on the heel clips, the band
passing from one heel clip around over the front of the hoof and back to the
opposite heel clip, the front of the shoe or toe clip B making connection with
the band f, the lower end of the loop c being secured to the toe clip. The
band fis provided with a clamping screw h, Figures 8" and 8b for tightening
the band and bringing it to its proper bearing on the hoof, the band being
severed at this point and connected by said clamping screw which engages
with lugs on the band at either side of the cut. The screwh, Figure 8b, is pro-

page_text: vided with a jam nut i to secure the screw h in any position in which it is
placed beyond the liability of accidental displacement. To prevent the
abrasion of the hoof and to aid the band and clips to make an easy and
correct fit a padding e, e, of rubber is placed between the hoof and the shoe by
being attached to the inside of the said band and clips as a lining, or the
rubber padding may consist in a rubber sock or stocking (Figure 11) to be
drawn on over the hoof before the shoe is placed on the foot.
A, A, Figure 9, is a shoe which differs from Figure 8 by having a retaining
band k, k, which fastens to one heel of the shoe and passes around and over
the front of the hoof and is secured at its other end to the toe of the shoe at
one side so as to be about opposite to the starting point at the heel, and the
toe clip B in this case is placed mainly opposite to that heel of the shoe to
which the rear end of the retaining band is attached. This shoe also differs
from Figure 8 in having a bar clip ; on the heel 6' to which the band k is
attached, also in the mode of securing the clamping screw h. A section of
this clamping screw h is shown by Figure 9ª, which is a section taken in the
line z, z, Figure 9. The screw h (Figure 9) is provided with a ratchet head
which engages with a spring pawl or catch m, Figure 9*.
Figure 10 is a modification which differs from Figures 8 and 9 by having
an expansion joint n, o, at the toe of the shoe to allow the heels of the shoe to
expand laterally, this shoe being open at the heel, and in having two bar
clips j,j,(Figure 10), in the place of but one, as shown in Figure 9. These
shoes (Figures 8, 9, and 10), provide for the expansion of the foot under
pressure. In Figures 8 and 9 the shoe is secured to one heel and quarter
and to the toe in front, while the other heel is left free to allow lateral
expansion and contraction of the heel of the foot. In Figure 8 this expansion
of the heel is favored by the retaining band being placed well up on the heel,
and also by allowing the heel to fit loosely in the clip that is occupied by the
heel that moves laterally in the shoe. In the modification shown in Figure 10
both heels are fitted accurately by their clips, and the heels of the shoe
expand with the foot. The expansion joint in this case is formed at the toe
by slitting the lower plate a entirely across, as shown by slit n, Figure 10",
and by slitting the upper plate A across but out of line of the slit in the lower
plate, so that the slits in the two plates "break joints", as shown by n, o,
Figure 10. In case of weak feet which require a shoe to prevent expan-
sion of the foot, such cases as "sand crack," "split hoof," seedy toe," &c.,
the modifications shown in Figures 8 and 9 may be made to fit the foot so as
to prevent expansion and the horse kept at moderate healthful work whilst
the cure of the disease is going on. The detachable method of securing the

page_text: clamping or sustaining band's to the shoes facilitates their adjustment to the
foot or their removal therefrom,and also facilitates repairing of the shoes, &c.
In this class of shoe the false plate a takes all the wear, and when worn
out is cheaply and readily removed, so that the costly part of the shoe has
such great. practical durability that the expense of this shoe is very much
lessened. The false plate a may be secured in any suitable manner, but the
taper rivet is considered preferable for the reasons above mentioned.
A, a, Figure 12, is a shaping form or anvil to facilitate the construction of
shoes having clips, bands, &c., and in general form represents the foot of a
horse. It has two studs B, b, projecting one from the upper side and the
other from the lower side of the anvil for securing it in position either side up,
as the work from the top to the bottom or vice versa. This anvil is made of
cast steel or of other suitable metal, and will be made solid for ordinary shop
use, but for some kinds of shoes which are more complicated in construction
the anvil will be made in sections, in principle like the "boot tree" of a
boot maker, so that by withdrawing a centre piece the other parts of the
anvil may come out readily after the shoe has been formed. And further, I
propose to use in connection with this anvil a clamping shell to aid in forming
the shoe, the said clamping shell to be made in sections and to be hinged
together, and to be operated by screws, or to be operated by a lever which is
actuated by pressure of the smith's foot, so as to close upon and clamp the
various parts of the shoe upon the anvil like the jaws of a vice; but in manu-
facturing by machinery these clamping sections can be driven by the
machinery. The clamping sections are made to act alternately so as to give
room for the hammer to act upon the shoe in connection with the said
clamping sections. For a valuable animal a plaster cast of the foot may be
taken and the auvil receive its form therefrom, this mode not being very
expensive, as the anvils once made would probably last during the lifetime of
the animal, and by this means a perfect fit would be obtained, but with
various sizes of anvils and with the use of some soft and elastic lining or
padding, such as rubber, such mode of obtaining a fit would not be generally
necessary.
A, Figure 13, is a shoe plate which is constructed in two parts a, a¹,
(Figure 13) with a thin steel plate or web B rivetted in between them, and
extending beyond the plate A inward towards the centre of the foot. The
metallic web is cut out more or less in the centre, as shown by Figure -13, or
it may be made whole in the centre so as to entirely cover the sole of the
foot; but the first method is considered as the more preferable. The web or
shield B may be stamped out in a dishing form, and then rivetted to the top

page_text: of the shoe with the convexity of the web downwird, and this mode allows
the web to be applied to ordinary single-piated shoes, but in shoes formed of
two plates or bars the web is rivetted in between them, as shown. The
corner (Figure 13) of the web shows how the place of "corns" may be
entirely protected thereby. The other heel or corner 62 is slightly turned up
to form a cup for holding a wet sponge or any pledget or medicament where
a corn has already been made and is under treatment, and for preventing the
entrance of sand and dirt to the sore. At the toe the web B is turned up, as
shown by 62, to facilitate treatment of the disease known as "pumiced foot
or dropping of the coffin bone. When from disease and consequent weak-
ness the machinery that holds up the coffin bone fails in its proper functional
performance the bone must drop down upon the sole of the foot, and it
takes but little afterwards to drive it down through the sole of the foot, and the
animal is ruined. When the premonitory symptoms of this disease appear I
put a rubber or other soft cushion on to the web at 62 as a support for the toe
of the coffin bone to rest upon, and the bone cannot then drop any farther.
All strain being thus taken off the inflamed and weakoned parts above that
hold the coffin bone, they are given a chance to recover before it is too late ;
the back sinews having this help at the toe, and being relieved of much
extra work, are enabled to perform their own proper and natural functions
more efficiently and healthfully, and thus keep the toe of the coffu bone
pushed forward to its natural position. The web in such cases would also
be highly useful in treating diseases of the foot, but its main office is to shield
and protect the sole of the foot from blows and bruises.
A, in Figure 14, is the shoe, and B, B, B, b, is the calk, B, B, Figure 14",
being the side arms, and b, b, the flauges of the same which hold the calk to
the shoe. C, c, Figure 14, is a key for confining the calk in position; when
this calk is to be used on occasions or for cases of emergency only, then the
shoe is fitted to the foot, each heel being bevelled at the top corners (as shown
in Figure 14) and the flanges b, b, of the calk fitted thereto, and the wedge
or key c prepared; they are then laid aside, and the shoe is nailed to the foot
of the horse. The calks or calkins are then stowed or carried where they may
be ready for use at any time and adjusted to the foot as occasions may
require; this will after be found to be a very advantageous provision, as it
not unfrequently occurs that slippery roads are encountered when blacksinith's
relief is miles away,or when time is an item of importance, and in such cases
these calks will prove useful and valuable. ln cases where they are constantly
used on the shoe, and when those in use are too much worn for efficiency
they may be replaced in a few moments by driving out the key C and substi-

page_text: tuting new and sharpc: calks which are kept on hand for use; these calks
are made of steel, aud may be manufactured by machinery at a trifling
cost.
Figure 15 shows a modification in which the flanges b, b, engage with
grooves D, D, (Figure 15ª) in the sides of the shoe, and in which the key C
is driven through a tranverse hole in the rear of the calkin (as shown by
end view, Figure 15º).
A second modification is shown by Figure 16, in which the calk has but a
single flange 6 (Figure 16"), the opposite arm B being continued upward so
as to form a stud F; this stud has a holef by which a strap may be attached
thereto, and the calks secured to the shoo in a temporary manner by the said
straps being passed over and across the hoof, or the calk may be secured by
a-screw or wrought nail e, Figure 16. Toe calks may be fitted to the shoe
in a like manner by sliding a cork farther around on the shoe.
g
Figure 17 is a modification of an adjustable calk which is secured to the
shoe by having a tenon 9 (Figures 17 and 17b) upon its upper end which fits
into a mortise in the shoe plate A, and is then secured in the plate by a
screw key h, as shown.
A, Figures 18 and 19, is the bar of a shoe, and B is the toe clip; C is the
toe calk, and d and e are keys by which the calk is keyed up snug in place.
The calk and toe clip C, B, Fig. 18, are made as shown, the clip B having a
hook c which hooks on over the rear edge of the bar A. In placing them
upon the shoe they are first rivetted together by rivets f, and the calk and
clip are then slipped on to the bar of the shoe at the heel and pushed
around to the front or toe, and are then secured in position by the keys or
wedges c, d; the parts are thus readily applied or removed while the shoe
A is fastened to the foot.
Figure 19 shows a modification of Figure 18, and in which the hook c
belongs to, and is a portion of the calk C instead of being formed on the
clip B; this modification gives an important advantage as it can be adjusted
to shoes having fixed heel calks, while the calk shown in Figure 18 cannot,
as in slipping it along the bar of the shoe it would be obstructed by the said
fixed heel calks. In adjusting the calk C (Figure 19) the clip B is placed
in position it holding the rivets with their heads against the lower side of A
and their points downward, and then calk C is placed in position, as shown,
and the whole secured by upsetting the lower end of the rivets f; this
rivetting is readily done while the shoe is fastened to the foot; the keys may
be driven in as before if required. The toe clip B, Fig. 18, has an opening y

page_text: cut in its front; this gives lightness and also gives a better cliance to get at
the work in rivetting calks to the bar A when the tóe clip is a part of A, as in
some cases. The parts are readily removed for repairs when the calk becomes
worn or for other purposes. In removing the calk shown in Figure 19 the
rivet heads are first cut off with the cold chisel, and the parts are then free
to be removed.
Figures 20 and 21 show an improved rolling toe calk A; Figure 20 is the
bar of the shoe, and a, a, are the ordinary heel calks. The toe calk b
instead of being placed at the front edge as usual, is dropped back to the
rear edge of the bar A, as shown in Figure 20, and this practically gives a
round toe. The calk 6 may be formed on the shoe, and be a part of the
same, but I prefer to form the calk separately, and rivet it to the shoe, as
shown by rivets c, c, so that the calk may be readily renewed when worn, and
the whole shoe not necessarily condemned. The calk plate B is turned up
over the front edge of the shoe A and forms a slight toe cap b¹; this not
only gives the toe clip but gives the calk a hold of the front edge of the
shoe, and helps to secure it firmly in place.
In the modification shown by Figure 21 the calk plate B is made to take
hold of the rear edge of the bar A by means of the lip or upward projection 62
(Figure 21), and when made in this manner the rivets are relieved of much
strain; 68, Figure 21, shows a secondary or sub-calk located higher up and
forward of the main calk b, and the said secondary calk is brought into action
by the rolling motion of the foot. A horse always work's inore freely and
comfortably with old shoes on when their toes have been well rounded on the
front edge by wear, and the object of this modification is to secure the
desirable quality in shoes, and at the same time retain all the biting qualities
of a new shoe. By this mode of construction I produce a shoe which is
simple, comfortable, and efficient, and which is more correct in principle
than heretofore.
: Figures 22, 23, 24, and 25 relate to new and useful improvements in
rolling shoes. A, Figure 22, is the plate of the shoe which is cut away on
its lower side at the heel (as shown by B) and at the toe, as shown by C, so
that in general shape the lower face of the shoe is convex, and gives a rolling
bottom face. The shoe plate is allowed to project downward at the heel
for forming heel calks a and also at the front edge of the shoe so as to form a
toe calk a¹. In this modification the calks a¹, a, a, do not project quite
down as far as the lower face of A, and this gives the shoe a slight rolling
movement when used on hard roads or on pavements, and the calk a¹ja, ŭ,

page_text: Figure 22, are brought into action by the rolling of the shoe. Figure 23
differs from Figure 22 by having calks which project down sufficiently to be
flush with the lower face of the shoe, so that the rolling properties of the shoe
are destroyed for pavements, &c., but when used upon ordinary roads its
rolling qualities are retained as the calks are readily pushed into the ground
when a rolling pressure is brought upon them, so that upon other than very
hard roads they do not obstruct the rolling of the shoe. This modification
further differs from Figure 22 in having its toe calk a' placed back from the
front edge of the bar A, so that this shoes has practically a rolling or round
toe for any kind of road. This calk a¹ (Figure 23) may be made solid with
the shoe, or may be formed in a separate piece and rivetted or fastened to
the plate A, as shown in Figure 23, so as to be removed when worn out, and
be replaced by a new one.
When the calk is constructed separately it may
be made to project upward in front so as to form a toe clip D or not, as
desirable.
.
Figures 24 and 24 show a modification in which the calks a¹, a, a, are
allowed to project slightly below the lower face of the plate or shoe A, and its
rolling properties have play only on soft roads.
Figures 25 and 25* show a convex bottom or lower face without chalks,
but having in their place thin plates of hard steel rivetted on to prevent rapid
wear of the rolling terminations of the shoe. In some cases I propose to
roughen these plates of steel to give them a ragged uneven face, so as to give
them a bite on hard roads. By these means I obtain all of the desirable
qualities of a rolling shoe in a simple and efficient form for either hard or
soft roaris, and in such manner that the horse is not stilted up from the
ground by the calks of the shoe as ordinarily, but a large surface of the shoe
plate is brought to bear, and as the leg of the animal becomes inclined to
such an angle that the foot is liable to slip then the calks are brought into
action. Some of the forms afford an easy and comfortable shoe for light
summer use, while the modification, shown by Figure 23, is also available as
a heavy working shoe.
Figures 26, 26, and 26 is an improved racing shoe, in which A, A, is
the body of the shoe; and B', b, b, is a continuous clip running entirely
around the shoe. This continuous clip is more or less above its general
height at the toe, as shown by B1, and also at the heel, as shown by b, b.
The plate or bar A of the shoe is slitted, as shown by slots a, a, Figure 26,
so as to weaken the shre laterally, and make spring joints for giving lateral
elasticity or play to the heel of the shoe. This shoe is made to accurately

page_text: :
fit the foot and is then sprung on and secured at the heel by. a single nail
(d, Figure 26) placed well back in each heel, the toe of the shoe being held
to the foot by the toe.clip alone, or by the toe clip B and one or two-nails-c, c
(Figure. 26), or by using straps to secure the heel of the shoe while the toe
is held to the hoof by the toe clip the shoe may be secured to the foot without
the use of nails. When the latter mode of fastening is made use of I attach
the heel of the shoe to the foot by straps passing over the coronet or quarters
of the foot, and when the heel is so secured the toe of the shoe is held firmly
to the hoof by the toe clip and by the continuous clip securing the shoe
horizontally on the bottom of the foot in every direction. If the heel
clips 6, 6, are elevated somewhat they may be buttoned together or other.
wise connected, and still the elasticity of the heel is preserved as long as such
heel connection is made considerably above the plane of the shoe or bar plate
A, (see rear view Figure 26b), or the tops of the heel clips may not have a
rigid connection, but may be linked together by a strong strap of rubber or
other elastic material. A greater or less number of slits or spring joints a
may be made in the bottom plate A as considered most desirable. The spring
joints formed by slitting the bar of the shoe may be used in any kind of horse-
shoe.
Figures 27, 27, and 27 show a modification of the racing shoe (Figure
26), and differs, therefrom in having the heel bottom tie carried higher up
above the plate or bar of the shoe, and in giving the heel clips a peculiar
formation which consists in an arm projecting forward and upward over the
coronet of the heel from each heel clip, and also in being provided with "bar
clips." The general form and height of the heel clips in this modification is
shown by b; b, Figures 27 and 27b, and the location of the bottom tie is
shown by h, i, Figure 27. In buttoning these heel clips to the foot the
heel of the animal and the heel of the shoe are compressed between the hands,
so that the button i is introduced through the button-hole h, and then the
compressing pressure is removed, and the neck of the button is carried into
the side slot by the expansion of the foot and shoe when released. The
extension arms g, g, of the heel clips are so formed as to hold the heel of the
shoe to the foot, and in connection with the high toe clip B', or high toe clip
B, hold the shoe to the foot in a secure and reliable manner without other
fastenings. The arms g, g, Figure 27, extend forward each side of the coronet
of the heel, and their inner upper edges j, j, are curved in over the top of the
coronet, having a soft lining between the heel clips b, b, and the heels, and
between the arms 9, 9, and the hoof, and a thicker and softer lining under the

page_text: curved part jj, of the extension arms g,g, making their bearing comfortable.
and safe, and owing to the shape of the extension arms 9.9, and to the soft inter-
vening lining all necessary freedom is given to the quarters and heels. This
shoe is also provided with bar clips f,f, and the weakening slits in the ground,
plate of the shoe are dispensed with, as owing to the lightness of the shoe its
elasticity may be sufficient without the said weakening slits or spring joints.
a, a, Figure 26. By these means a shoe is provided which is light and elastic,,
and which with a minimum of weight affords a greater degree of protection to
the hoof than such shoes as constructed heretofore.
:
Figure 28 is a second modification of the racing shoe which consists of a shoe,
having a continuous clip c, c, and a continuous calk b, b.
Figure 29 is a third modification of Figure 26, and its chief novelty consists,
in a continuous calk 6', 6', placed on the inner edge of the bar A of the shoe
instead of being located upon the outer edge, as in Figure 28.
:
:
Figures 30 and 30 is a modification of Figures 28 and 29, the calk being.
broken and a portion 62 at the toe being dropped back to the rear side of the
bar or ground plate A of the shoe, while the rest of the calk is upon the
outside edge of the bar, as in Figure 28, this modification of Figure 30 gives,
in a measure a rolling toe by such disposition of the calk. These shoes may,
be made solid and in one piece, or may be constructed in two parts, as shown
in Figures 28 and 29, the clip being formed on the upper plate of the shoe,,
und the continuous calk upon the lower plate thereof.
:
Figures 31, 31, and 32, relate to an improved method of attaching shoes
to the feet of animals. A, A, Figure 31, is the plate of the shoe having a
high and wide toe clip a and curved heel clip a, a²; the clips and shoe plate.
being forged out solid and in a single piece of metal, or they may be forged
out separately and afterwards together by any suitable means; 6 shows a
single nail hole in the heel a', by which the shoe is secured to the foot with
the aid of clips. Figure 32 shows a modification in which the shoe A is
secured to the hoof by the clips and by the strap C, c, f, d, and the, nail
dispensed with. In operation the heel clips prevent the shoe from sliding
forward or backward, and the toe clip also holds the forward part of the shoe:
up to the sole of the foot, the heel being held by the nail 6 (Figure 31), or
by the strap C (Figure 32). The heel clip a', Figure 31, which is on the
heel in which the nail is driven, is made to fit the heel snug and accurately, but
the opposite heel a' is made a little large laterally, so as to be sufficient room.
to allow for lateral play of that heel, and thereby permit free expansion of the.
heel of the foot under pressure. This shoe may be protected upon the bottom.

page_text: with a false plate g (shown in outline, Figures 31 and 32,), and take all the
wear, and can be replaced occasionally at a slight cost, so that the more
expensive portion A, a, a, a, of the shoe will last for a long time, probably
during the lifetime of the animal. A shoe of this construction, and provided
with a securing strap C, as shown in Figure 32, will be very useful as a
reserve shoe for bringing iuto use when a shoc is "cast." To prevent abrasi ou
of the hoof a slight padding or lining of rubber or other soft material may be
interposed between the clips and the hoof. This improved toe and heel clips
not only admit of less nails being used in fastening a shoe to the foot, but
give the shoe great stiffness, and also protect the toe and heels from blows
and bruises; and in this latter respect they are particularly useful, ascending
or descending hills, &c., and when travelling upon rough roads.
Figures 33, 33, and 34, relate to improvements in hinge-jointed shoes, in
which A, C, C, is the body of the shoe, the parts C, C, being hinged to A by
the two pivots g, g, and are provided with bar clips d, d, and with heel clips
e, (Figure 33). The part A is provided with a toe clip a which secures the
toe of the shoe to the hoof, while the heel is secured by screws or nails
occupying the holes n, n, Figure 33. The pivot g is secured in the lower part
of the joint or plate a' by a tapering head 1, Figure 34, which reaches entirely
through the plate a', so that the said plate must be entirely worn out before
the tapering head i will release its hold; this tapering head i¹ is driven into
plate a', so as to be fixed therein, and is not injuriously affected by blows
upon the bottom of the shoe. The upper end of the pivot 9 has a washer f.
The bar clips d, d, and heel clips e, e, make a more easy bearing for the heel
of the foot, and guard that portion of the foot from bruises, and relieves the
fastenings of much strain. The advantages of this shoe are that it allows free
expansion and contraction of the foot, and the shoe being secured by the
clips, and but two nails or screws, it is more easily removed from or adjusted
to the foot; and as fewer nails are required than ordinarily the hoof is less
injured thereby. It also allows the nails to be driven near to the heel where
the shell of the hoof is not only thicker than it is farther forward, but stands
more nearly at a right angle with the face of the shoe, affording a better hold
for the fastening nails or screws.
Figure 35 is a modification of Figure 33, in which but a single joint g is
employed, and this single joint is placed at one side of the toe, so that a toe
clip a may be used. It also differs from Figure 33 in having a continuous
clip a, e, e, Figure 35°, and also in the heel clips e being provided with
arms e³, so formed as to hold the shoe to the foot in connection with the toe

page_text: clip,so that no nail or screw fastenings are required; and it further differs
from Figure 33 in having an elastic connection L between the two heels of
the shoe to hold the heels together upon the foot, and at the same time allow
lateral expansion thereof. The arms e², e2, of the heel clips e, e, are so formed
as to reach up and curve in over the top of the coronet, and thereby hold the
heel of the shoe to the foot, while the toe of the shoe is held by the toe clip;
a, a steel spring L, Figure 36, having buttons 1, 2, upon its ends is used to
button the heels together, the buttons 1,1,'being placed in the botton holes k,k,
Figure 35, by compressing the heel of the foot, so that when released the
buttons engage with the slots on the inner edge of the button holes, as seen
in Figure 35; or the spring may be placed in the heel clips by springing or
extending the spring. By these means the shoe is made adjustable and may
be readily removed or adjusted to the foot at any time. A single joint g
allow's the heel to expand, and also allows the shoe to be removed from or to
be adjusted to the foot with as much facility as when two or more joints are
employed. The elastic or spring connection between the heel clips may be a
rubber strap, or may be made of steel or other elastic material operating
substantially as represented.
Figures 37, 37, and 37b, are different views of a shoe for treating "con-
tracted feet," and in which A,A, is the shoe having an expanding joint g at
the toe; B is a toe clip, and C, C, Figure 37, are a pair of heel clips with
bar clips D, D, attached to their inner edges; e (Figures 37 and 87°) is a
right and left hand expanding screw for spreading the heel of the shoe,
and ff. ere jam nuts for securing the expanding screw e securely in
any position in which it is placed. The shoe is fitted to the foot with an
expansion joint g; and with a toe clip B, and curved or semicircular heel
clips C, D, C, D, and between these heel clins is located the expanding
screwe, so that when the shoe is fastened to the foot by nails or otherwise the
screw e can be turned to spread the heels of the foot to any desired extent.
In constructing the heel clips of this shoe each heel of the shoe is first
provided with a wide clip C, so curved round in between the heels that the
heels cannot move in or out without carrying the heels of the shoe along with.
them; a portion of this curve of the heel clips is formed by the bar clips D, D,
which are placed upon the inner edges of the heel clips, so that the heel clips
and bar clips together hold the heels tight laterally. The expanding screwe
is placed up above the line of wear, and is also dropped in between the heel
clips, so that it is protected and not liable to be damaged by being exposed to
blows, &c., blows from behind falling upon the swell of the heel clips, and not

page_text: reaching the expanding screw. It being absolutely necessary for a cure that
the screw should remain set in position in which it is placed, the jam nuts fif,
are added to the screw to guard against accidental displacement of the
same.
Figures 38 and 38" is a-rubber-soled shoe, in which A, a, are two metallic
shoes or plates, which are rivetted together by the rivets c, c, c², the narrow
plate a being first lain in a groove i, i, in the rubber soles D, D, (Figure 38*,)
so that the rubber is clamped securely and firmly to the main shoe A when
the two shoes are fastened together. The rivets may be of a slow tapering
form as by c, cl, Figure 38, or of any suitable form; d is a thin web of rubber
(Figures 38 and 38*) extending from heel to heel of the shoe, and is inter-
posed between the heel of the foot and the ground for protection of that part
of the foot.
Figures 39 and 3y is a modification of Figure 38; the rubber being broken
away from a portion of the secondary plate or shoe a, in which the bottom of
the shoe is wholly covered or faced with rubber B, the rubber being cast
upon the secondary shoe a, so that the said shoe is wholly encased therein as
seen by a, B, (Figure 39*), and then both are rivetted to the main shoe A as
before. The rivets upon one side in Figure 38 are allowed to project below a,
as shown by c¹, c¹, c¹, so as to form small calkins of such length that their
points are about flush with the face of the rubber sole, and they are chiefly
calculated to be brought into action by the compression of the rubber as the
weight of the horse is brought to bear thereon, the rubber in all cases
receiving the brunt of the blow when the foot is placed upon the ground.
The rivets in Figure 39 may also be made to act as rivets only, or may be
headed so as to act as concealed calkins, the same as c,c,in Figure 38,already
explained; e, e, Figure 39, is a metallic guard or toe calk, which projects
downward from plate a, so as to be flush with the lower face of the rubber
sole B, and serves as a kind of rest for the toe to roll on as the foot is being
lifted from the ground and saves the rubber from wear at this point.
Figure 40 shows a modification in red outline, in which the shoc consists
in a single metallic form or shoe f,f,which is cast in or wholly encased with
rubber G; and in which the rubber is formed thicker upon the outer edges of
the shoe at g, g, so as to act as a rubber fender to prevent "cutting,"
interfering," &c., and the inner upper edge is formed with a projecting lip,
as shown by h, h, to prevent dirt from working in between the foot and the
inner edge of the shoe.
•
Figures 41 and 41 is a modification of this rubber-soled shoe, in which the

page_text: rubber B, Figure 41", is extended over the whole sole of the foot. It has a.
skeleton shoe a embedded in its outer edge to give stiffness thereto, and to
aid in securing the shoe to the foot. R is a rubber heel flap, which is drawn.
up and secured behind the heel to prevent dirt from getting in between the
shoe and the foot; it also has an air cushion Pupon its upper side, which fits
accurately the hollow of the foot, and it has also a metallic shield kembedded
in its centre to prevent the rubber from being pierced by broken glass, nails,
&c. The cushion P may be dispensed with, and the shoe may have coarse
emery mixed in with the rubber on the lower face of the shoe when manu-
factured to increase the bite of the shoe. The advantages of these rubber
shoes are their non-slipping qualities on ice, pavements, &c. without the use
of calks, and the greater comfort and freedom with which the animal may
strike out on hard roads.
Figures 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 48, relate to improved
stoppings and devices for securing the same to the feet of animals, and in
which A, Figure 42, is a sponge stopping, which is correctly fitted to fill the
hollow of the foot, and has a V-shaped notch a cut into its rear side B.
Figure 48 is a rubber air.cushion.stopping, and has a notch or recess 6 inşits
rear side for fitting on to the front edge of the frog of the foot. "C, Figure 44,
is a rubber stopping or cushion, which is attached to a web D, D, for securing
the cushion to the shoe, and also has a heel flap d; F, Figure 45,is an ordinary.
horse-shoe with a metallic shield or retaining plate G attached. This plate-G
has a notch g for.clearing the frog and has lugs h, h, which rest upon the
upper inner edge of the shoe, when the shield is adjusted to the foot and hold
it securely in the shoe; this shield or retaining plate has also a set of small
hanging lues i, i, which project downward and bear against the inside of the
shoe (as shown by i, i, Figure 46), and prevent the plate G from working
out of place horizontally; K (Figure 47) is a retaining shield of modified
form, it having only one get of lugs k,k,k, which engage with a groove made
in fthe inner side of the shoe. These shields are designed to support and hold
the stoppings A, B, to the foot, and also to protect them and the sole of the
foot from injury.; L, Figure 48, is a metallic shield, which is encased iin.
rubber and has a flange.l, t, by which it is secured to the shoe and also has a
heel flap m.; Figure 48 is a section of L, l, m, and shows the metallic shield
embedded in the rubber web.l, l; the method of attaching this modification.
of shield to a shoe is shown by Figure 48b, the rubber flange 4,1, being rivetted
in between the upper and lower plates:n, o, of a double or two-plated 'shoe.
The sponge stopping. A and air cushion stopping B can at no time become

page_text: hard or get crowded out of place if the air cushion B should get accidently
pricked, it may then be filled with sponge for giving support and for holding
moisture, the same as the sponge stopping A. The rubber stopping C may
be made hollow and have air confined within; the partc which covers the
bottom of the frog may be in all cases made of a thickness sufficient to give
the frog a practical bearing upon the ground, the rubber at this point being
of a considerable thickness where the frog has been cut out. To the cushion
stopping C and its web or flange D, D, is also added a heel flap d, which is
to be fastened up behind the heel to prevent sand and grit from entering at
the heel and getting in between the stopping and the sole of the foot. The
views in Figures 45 and 46 show the shield G when in position; it is placed
in the shoe from below by first placing the toe lug and one of the side lugs
in upon the bevelled upper edge of the shoe, and then springing in the
remaining side lug by springing the centre of the plate vertically, so that the
side lugs are thereby brought nearer together until the said remaining lug has
also passed to the upper edge of the shoe, when the centre of the plate is
allowed to resume its natural or former shape; the hanging lugs i, i,
(Figure 46) of the shield G are to prevent it from working horizontally.
The modification of shield, as shown by k, k, Figure 47, has only one set of
lugs k, k, k, which are sprung into a groove which is made in the inner
side of the shoe to receive them.
Another modification of shield is shown by L, 1, 1, (Figure 48,) which is
made by encasing a metallic plate L (its form is indicated by the dotted line
L, L,) in a rubber web 1, 2, so that the shield may be secured to the shoe by
the said web 1,1; this web may be made of any flexible material, such as
canvas, leather, rubber, &c., and the metallic shield may be combined there-
with by fastening it to one side of the web instead of embedding or enclosing
it therein; this shield has also a heel flap m to exclude dirt from the sole of
the foot, but this shield L may be used with or without the heel flap m. The
shield L, l, m, and also the shield and stopping D, d, C, are designed to be
secured to the foot with the shoe, and in a more permanent manner than the
adjustable shields G and K; they may be secured to the foot by placing their
flanges between the shoe and the foot, and then nailing the shoe to the foot,
or they may be secured between the two parts of a double shoe, as shown by
the two-plated shoe n, o, Figure 48b. The shields may, any of them, be used
permanently for protecting the sole of the foot, or may be used temporarily,
and only when treating the foot for some ailment.
."
Figure 49 is an improved fetlock hoop, and Figures 50 and 50° is a modi-

page_text: fication thereof. B, B, C, in the Drawing is the leg and foot of the animal,
and A is the fetlock sleeve or hoop, which is made of rubber. In placing this
hoop A, Figure 49, upon the leg, it is stretched on over the foot C, and is
then carried up on the leg high enough so that the hair on the joint may
be smoothed down again, and the hoop is then drawn down to its place on
the joint.
Figures 50 and 50' show a modification in which the hoop A is severed on
one side, and the ends at the cut provided with buttons and button-holes a,b,
Figure 50%, or with strings or ties, so that the sleeve A may be placed upon
the limb without being drawn over the hoof or foot. The hoop is constructed
very thin, with the exception of a spot upon one side, where it is made thick
and heavy, and this thick side is turned so as to cover that portion of the joint
which is liable to be cut by the opposite foot. The hoop may also be of any
desired color to match the color of the horse's leg; or it may have an outer
coating of hair vulcanized into the rubber, so as to have a still more natural
appearance than that of colored rubber. The hoop may be perforated if found
necessary with circular openings, or with slits, so as not to check perspiration,
or to prevent free action of the joint. The elasticity of the rubber makes the
hoop self-sustaining on the limb or joint, and gives a snug and symmetrical fit,
and thoroughly protects the joint from " cuttings."
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,—
1st, the combination of the taper rivet B and double shoe A, a (Figures 1
and 1,) substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.
2ndly, a narrow upper plate A and wide lower plate a combined (Figures 2
and 2), as and for the purpose specified.
3rdly, the air cushion D, D, (Figures 3 and 3*,) secured at the inner upper
edge of the shoe, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
4thly, the elastic fender E, E, (Figures 4 and 4*,) located at the outer
edge of the shoe, and projecting beyond the same,substantially in the manner
and for the purpose set forth.
5thly, the attaching of calkins F, "F, to a shoe by slow taper rivets B
(Figures 5 and 5), as and for the purpose specified.
.6thly, the combination of the two plates A, a, and calkins F, F, (Figures
5 and 5*,) when the said calkins F are constructed separately, and rivetted to
the plate a, as and for the purpose explained.
7thly, a nail B, e, (Figure 7) for securing shoes to the feet of animals, the

page_text: said nail having a slow taper head B passing quite through the shoe, or
through the lower plate a thereof, as shown and described.
8thly, a high and wide toe clip B (Figures 8 and 8), when sufficiently
high and wide to hold the toe of the shoe to the foot by fitting over the
shelving front edge of the hoof in combination with a double shoe A, a,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
9thly, the toe clip B (Figure 9) placed on one side of the toe of the shoe,
so as to be mainly opposite to one of the heels of the shoe, and when the said
toe clip and opposite heel are used to secure the shoe to the foot, substantially
as shown and explained.
10thly, a clamping band k, k, (Figure 9) running from one heel of the
shoe over in front of the hoof, and fastening to the toe of the shoe opposite to
the starting point at the heel, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
.set forth.
.
11thly, the combination of the toe clip B, heel clips b, b, and double shoe
A, a, substantially as shown and described.
12thly, the ratchet headed clamping screw h, 1, (Figures 9 and 9*) and
spring pawl or catch m, as and for the purpose specified.
13thly, the jam nut i (Figure 8), in combination with the clamping or
retaining band fand clamping screw or bolt h, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose set forth.
14thly, the combination of the bar clips (Figure 10) with the double
shoe A, a, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
.
15thly, the rubber padding e, e, (Figure 8) in the form of a sock or
stocking, as shown by Figure 11, as and for the purpose described.
16thly, the detachable mode of attaching the retaining bands f, f, (Figures
8b and 10) to the shoe, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set
forth.
17thly, an expansion joint in double shoes, which consists in slitting the
upper and lower plates across (so as to break joints) so that the toe clip acts
as a spring joint to allow the heels of the shoe to expand laterally, substantially
in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
18thly, the combination of the clamping or retaining bands f, f, and k, k,
with the double shoe A, a, as and for the purpose described.
19thly, a shaping anvil A, a, B, b, representing in form the foot of the
animal, as aud for the purpose described.
20thly, the combination of the shoe A and metallic web B (Figure 13)
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

page_text: as shewn and described:
22ndly, the calk G, g, (Figure 17) attached, as shewn and explained.
23rdly, the mode herein shewn and described for attaching toe calks C and
clip B (Figures 18 and 19) to the shoes of animals, as and for the purpose
set forth,.
.
24thly, the rolling toe calk 6 (Figures 20 and 21) dropped back from the
from edge of the shoe, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
described.
.
25thly, a round bottom shoe.A (Figures 25 and 25") armed and protected
at the heel and toe with steel plates e, e, e, substantially in the manner and
for the purpose set forth.
26thly, a round bottom or rolling shoe A (Figures 22, 23, and 24), having
a toe calk a¹, or having a toe and heel calk a¹, a, a, substantially in the
manner and for the purpose set forth.
27thly, a continuous clip B', B, b, (Figures 26, 26", and 26',) substantially
in the manner and for the purpose described.
28thly, a spring joint or joints a, a, (Figure 26) in the bar of the shoe for
giving lateral play to the heels thereof, substantially in the manner and for the
purpose set forth.
1.
29thly, a heel clip b, g,j, (Figures 27, 27", and 27b,) extending upward,
and taking hold of the heel of the foot, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose described.
.
30thly, the continuous calk b, b, (Figure 28) in combination with the
continuous clip c, c, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth,
31stly, the continuous calk 61, 61, (Fig. 29) placed on the inner edge of
the bar or shoe plate A, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set
forth.
.
:
"
32ndly, a high and wide toe clip (Figure 31), when constructed suffi-
ciently high and broad to secure the toe of the shoe to the foot, by fitting
over the shelving front edge of the hoof, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose set forth.
33rdly, the toe cap a and one heel clip a combined with nail or screw
fastenings in one side of the hoof for securing a shoe to the foot, the
opposite side or heel of the foot being left free for lateral play or expansion
and contraction, substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.
34thly, the combination of the toe clipa and heel clips a¹, a², (Figure 32)
with the securing strap C, c, d,f, substantially as shown and explained.

page_text: 35thly, a pivot g (Figures 33 and 31) constructed with a slow taper
head i, the length of the head i corresponding to the thickness of the lower
plate or part a³ of the joint, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
'set forth.
• 36thly, the combination of the bar clips d, d, (Figure 33) with a toe clip a',
heel clips e, e, and one or more hinge joints g, g, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose set forth.
"
37thly, the combination of the expanding joint g, toe clip a, heel clips c, c,
with a single nail h (Figure 33) in each heel for securingjointed shoes to the
'feet, as and for the purpose set forth.
38thly, the combination of the toe clip a with a hinge-joint g located on one
side of the toe, and at the end of the toc clip a' (Figure 35). as and for the
purpose specified.
39thly, an elastic or spring connection L (Figure 36) for connecting the
heels of expanding shoes, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
specified.
40thly, the jam nuts f, f, (Figure 37) in combination with the expanding
bolt or sorew e, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
41stly, the semicircular or curved heel clips C, D, C, D, (Figure 37)
curved in between the heels of the foot, as and for the purpose specified.
· 42ndly, the application of rubber soles to the shoes of animals (Figures 38,
39,40,and 41,)substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
43rdly, the hidden calkins c', c², c', (Figures 39 and 39") operating as
herein specified.
44thly, a sponge "stopping" A (Figure 42) having a V-shaped notch a
cut in its rear edge, for fitting on to the frog of the foot to prevent the sponge
from being crowded out of place, as shown and explained.
45thly, an air cushion stopping B (Figure 43), substantially in the manner
and for the purpose described.
46thly, a rubber cushion stopping Cattached to a web D, D, (Figure 44)
for securing it in place, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
specified.
.
47thly, a heel-flap d (Figure 44) attached to a web, covering the sole of
the foot, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
48thly, the shields or retaining plates G and K (Figures 45 and 47)
constructed and attached to the shoe, substantially as and for the purpose
explained.
.
49thly, a shield L, having a flange 1, 1, (Figure 48) of rubber or other

page_text: flexible material, for holding it in place, substantially in the manner and
for the purpose specified.
50thly, an elastic fetlock hoop or sleeve A (Figures 49 and 50) to
prevent cutting, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
A. M. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)