IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RODS, BARS, PLATES, BEAMS, GIRDERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES AND FORMS OF HIGH OR HARD STEEL AND LOW OR MILD STEEL OR IRON COMPOUNDED TOGETHER BY WELDING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, of the Firm of Harris
and Mills, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RODS,
BARS, PLATES, BEAMS, GIRDERS, AND OTHER ARTICLES AND FORMS OF HIGH
OR HARD STEEL AND LOW OR MILD STEEL OR IRON COMPOUNDED TOGETHER
BY WELDING." A communication from abroad by Charles Patrick Haughian,
of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, in the State of New York, in the United
States of America.
Sealed the 12th April 1876, and dated the 28th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard
Mills at the Office of Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1876.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RODS, BARS, PLATES, BEAMS, GIRDERS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES AND FORMS OF HIGH OR HARD STEEL AND LOW OR MILD STEEL
OR IRON COMPOUNDED TOGETHER BY WELDING." A communication to me from
abroad by Charles Patrick Haughian, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, in the
State of New York, in the United States of America.
Heretofore great difficulty and expense have been incurred in the manufacture of
articles compounded of high or hard steel and low or mild steel, or of the former
and iron, on account of the wide difference between the welding temperatures of the
two metals, which has rendered it impossible to produce compound plates, bars, and
other articles or forms by means of the ordinary machinery for rolling, forging, and
welding iron.
By using, as herein-after described, steel of the character known as "chrome
steel," or steel having chromium in a metallic state combined therewith, the difficulty
hitherto experienced in regard to welding is obviated, as the two metals may be
successfully welded together or rolled or worked into any form in which wrought
iron can be worked in rolls or forges.
In manufacturing compound articles made of iron or low steel respectively com-
bined with high steel, bars, slabs, or plates of iron and "chrome steel," or of low
steel and "chrome steel," are arranged according to the present Invention in any
Prica A71

page_text: "
"
desired order and thickness, so as to form a pile" in the same manner as a "pile
of iron plates or slabs is ordinarily piled for rolling, as is well known in the trade.
The thickness and width of the "chrome steel" slabs should be regulated by the
necessities of the case, the steel slab being narrower than the iron slabs in case it is
desired that the steel shall form a corc, or vice versa. A small amount of borax is
placed between the plates or bars, and the pile may be secured by straps or bands
of iron or steel if desired; the pile is then placed in a suitable furnace until the
parts come to a welding heat, when it is removed and passed through the rolls of an
ordinary mill or under a hammer, press, or other machine capable of effecting a weld,
and reducing it to the form desired; or it may be worked by hand, when it will be
found that the iron or low steel and the "chrome steel are inseparably welded
together. By this process compound plates can be produced in which the steel
portion can be hardened so as to be impervious to any drill, while the iron remains
imalleable and tougli.
Bars for prisons or gratings or bars or plates used in various ways for the pro-
tection of property and for other uses can also be made of the combined metals,
which when hardened can neither be cut through nor broken.
Plates or bars for the manufacture of tools or for agricultural implements or for
other uses can be produced, which when hardened will present on the steel surface
or edge the greatest resistance to wear, and the best cutting edge that can be
obtained from steel, while the iron will remain tough and malleable as before, thereby
affording sufficient resistance to a blow that would otherwise prove destructive to
hardened steel, thereby combining the advantages of steel and iron in one article.
Beams and girders can also be compounded by this manner, thereby greatly
increasing their strength and value without a corresponding increase of cost.
Steel-headed railway iron or similar articles can also be readily produced, and
whatever may be the quality or hardness of the "chrome steel" so compounded
with the iron the welding operation may be successfully effected.
It is important to observe in connection with this application that the highest or
hardest and most fractious "chrome steel" can be welded to iron as successfully as
low (or homogenous) steel, whether containing chrome or not, and that compound
plates and bars of high steel and malleable iron that cannot be drilled or cut with
any known implements can be thus made at small cost and with certain results.
When required a steel of so high or hard a character may be used that great
durability can be obtained for articles that are subject to extreme wear, and in
which from their nature the steel cannot be used in a hardened state, such as steel-
headed railroad metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th July 1876.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RODS, BARS, PLATES, BEAMS, GIRDERS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES AND FORMS OF HIGH OR HARD STEEL AND LOW OR MILD
STEEL, OR IRON COMPOUNDED TOGETHER BY WELDING." (A communication to me
from abroad by Charles Patrick Haughian, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, in
the State of New York, in the United States of America.)
Heretofore great difficulty and expense have been incurred in the manufacture of
articles compounded of high or hard steel and low or mild steel, or of the former and
iron, on account of the wide difference between the welding temperatures of the two
metals, which has rendered it impossible to produce compound plates, bars, and
other articles or forms by means of the ordinary machinery for rolling, forging, and
welding iron.

page_text: "
chrome.
By using, as herein-after described, steel of the character known as
steel," or steel having chromium in a metallic state combined therewith, the difficulty
hitherto experienced in regard to welding is obviated, as the two metals may be
successfully welded together or rolled or worked into any form in which wrought
iron can be worked in rolls or forges.
A
In manufacturing compound articles intended to be made of iron or low steel
respectively combined with high steel, bars, slabs, or plates made respectively of
iron and "chrome steel," or of low steel and chrome steel, are arranged according to
the present Invention in any desired order and thickness so as to form a "pile" in
the same manner as a "pile" of iron plates or slabs is ordinarily piled for rolling, as
is well known in the trade. The thickness and width of the chrome steel slabs
should be regulated by the necessities of the case, the steel slab being narrower than
the iron slabs in case it is desired that the steel shall form a core, or vice versa.
small amount of borax is placed between the plates or bars, and the pile may be
secured by straps or bands of iron or steel if desired; the pile is then placed in a
suitable furnace until the parts come to a welding heat, when it is removed and
passed through the rolls of an ordinary mill, or under a hammer, press, or other
machine capable of effecting a weld and reducing it to the form desired; or it may be
worked by hand, when it will be found that the iron or low steel and the "chrome
steel" are inseparably welded together. The chrome steel required to be used can
be made of any required degree of hardness by following the directions given in the
Specifications of Letters Patent granted to Julius Baur, and dated respectively
January 29th, 1876, No. 370, and January 31st, 1876, No. 379. It is therefore
evident that by this process compound plates can be produced in which the steel
portion can be hardened so as to be impervious to any drill, while the iron remains
inalleable and tough.
Bars for prisons or gratings, or bars or plates used in various ways for the pro-
tection of property and for other uses can also be made of the combined metals,
which when hardened can neither be cut through nor broken.
Plates or bars for the manufacture of tools, or for agricultural implements, or for
other uses can be produced, which when hardened will present on the steel surface
or edge the greatest resistance to wear, and the best cutting edge that can be
obtained from steel, while the iron will remain tough and malleable as before,
thereby affording sufficient resistance to a blow that would otherwise prove destruc-
tive to hardened steel, thereby combining the advantages of steel and iron in one
article.
Beams and girders can also be compounded by this manner, thereby greatly
increasing their strength and value without a corresponding increase of cost.
Steel-headed railway iron or similar articles can also be readily produced,
and whatever may be the quality or hardness of the "chrome steel" so compounded
with the iron the welding operation may be successfully effected.
It is important to observe in connection with this application that the highest or
hardest and most fractious chrome steel can be welded to iron as successfully as low
(or homogenous) steel, whether containing chrome or not, and that compound
plates and bars of high steel and malleable iron that cannot be drilled or cut with
any known implements can be thus made at small cost and with certain results.
When required a steel of so high or hard a character may be used that great
durability can be obtained for articles that are subject to extreme wear, and in
which from their nature the steel cannot be used in a hardened state, such as steel-
headed railroad metal.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the mode in which
the same is carried into effect, I would have it understood that what I clain
is, the employinent of "chrome steel," such as is produced by the process described
in the Specifications of Letters Patent granted to Julius Baur, and dated respectively
January 29th, 1876, No. 370, and January 31st, 1876, No. 379, in the manu-
facture of rods, bars, plates, beams, girders, and other articles and forms of high or

page_text: hard steel and low or mild steel or iron compounded together by welding, substan-
tially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
R T D MITTS
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