IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, PIPES, TILES, AND EARTHENWARE Generally, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hosea Tugby, of Woodville, in the County of
Leicester, Earthenware, Sanitary Pipe, and Brick Burner, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, PIPES,
TILES, AND EARTHENWARE Generally, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hosea Tugby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1872.
I, HOSEA TUGBY, of Woodville, in the County of Leicester, Earthen-
ware, Sanitary Pipe, and Brick Burner, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, PIPES,
TILES, AND EARTHENWARE GENERALLY, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
.
This Invention relates to improvements in down draft kilns for
drying and burning bricks, tiles, sanitary pipes, and pottery ware, and
consists in a peculiar arrangement of flues or passages and dampers in
combination with perforated partition walls, whereby the heat from one
chamber is conducted directly to the adjoining chamber for the purpose

page_text: of heating the same. Each chamber is provided with fire-holes, pro-
jecting shields, and perforated false bottoms as in the ordinary down draft
kilns. The partition walls which divide the chambers from each other
are provided at the upper part with two or more perforations or openings
having dampers for the admission of the heat from one chamber to the
top of the goods in the adjoining chamber. Another perforated wall is
also built a short distance from the division walls before mentioned, so
as to leave a space between them for the passage of heat from one
chamber into the body of the goods contained in the next chamber, a
damper being provided for the purpose of shutting off such communi-
cation when required.
The main flue extends the whole length of the series of chambers to
the chimney stack, and have branch flues connected therewith from each.
of such chambers, which branch flues are provided with dampers so as
to cut off communication with the main fluo when required. These
branch flues communicate with central flues which extend along each of
the chambers, which centre flues conduct the heat from one chamber
into the space between the division walls and the perforated walls before
mentioned into the next chamber. The division walls are provided with
projections above the perforated walls for the purpose of preventing the
goods being burnt from falling into the space between the division walls
and the perforated walls before mentioned.
The chambers may be arranged either in a straight, circular, or any
other suitable form.
I
In working these kilns when arranged in a straight line, for example,
I commence with the chamber No. 1 or that situato farthest from the
chimney stack. The fire is applied from the exterior in the ordinary
way, and the damper in connection with the main flue is opened for the
escape of the steam or vapour! While the goods in this chamber aro
drying, the next or No. 2 chamber is being charged with goods, and
when charged the fire-holes of such chamber are closed and the com-
munication of No. 1 chamber with the main flue is cut off. The heat.
from No. 1 chamber is then passed into No. 2 chamber by opening the
damper in the flue which connect No. 1 chamber with No. 2. The
damper of the branch flue in connection with this chamber and the
main flue is now opened, the steam being driven from the goods in No. 2
chamber by the heat from No. 1 chamber. While the goods in No. 2

page_text: chamber are being dried by the heat from No. 1 chamber the next or
No. 3 chamber is being charged with goods, and when charged the fire-
holes of this chamber are closed and the connection of No. 2 chamber
with the main flue is stopped. The dampers of the flues connecting
No. 2 chamber with No. 3, and No. 3 chamber with the main flue are
now opened, and the next or No. 4 chamber is now charged and the
fire-holes closed. The connection with No. 3 chamber and the main flue
is now cut off, and the dampers of the flues connecting No. 3 chamber
with No. 4, and No. 4 with the main flue opened, and so on in the same
order through any desired number of chambers. While the goods in
No. 4 chamber are drying, the goods in No. 1 chamber are being
burnt off or finished. The goods in No. 1 chamber being finished the
fire-holes of this chamber are closed, and the connection of No. 1
chamber with chamber No. 2 is then cut off by closing the damper in
the flue which connects them and the dampers which close the per-
forations in the upper part of the division wall of No. 1, and No. 2
chambers are now opened in order that the heat from No. 1 chamber may
pass on to and through the goods in No. 2 chamber. The fires of No. 2
chamber are now started, and when the temperature of this chamber is
elevated to about that of No. 1, the perforations or openings in the upper
part of the division wall of No. 1 and No. 2 chambers are closed, and the
goods in No. 1 chamber allowed to cool; by this time the 5th chamber is
charged with goods being dried, and the same process as that described
in reference to No. 1 chamber is carried on throughout all the chambers
of the series.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hosea Tugby in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HOSEA
TUGBY, of Woodville, in the County of Leicester, Earthenware, Sanitary
Pipe, and Brick Burner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the 36th year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant

page_text: unto me, the said Hosea Tugby, Her special license that I, the said
Hosea Tugby, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Hosea Tugby, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNINO BRICKS,
PIPES, TILES, AND EARTHENWARE GENERALLY, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Hosea Tugby, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hosea Tugby, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to improvements in down draft kilns for
drying and burning bricks, tiles,, sanitary pipes, and pottery ware, which
improvements may also be applied to existing kilns, and consists in a
peculiar arrangement of flues or passages and dampers in combination
with perforated "bags" built behind the permanent partition walls.
which divide the kiln into its several chambers, the heat from one
chamber being conducted directly to the adjoining chamber for the
purpose of heating the same.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I
shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a side clevation of a portion of a
kiln constructed according to my said Invention; Figuro 2 is a corre-
sponding transverse section of the same taken along the line 1, 2, in
Figure 3, so as to show the perforated "bag" more clearly; Figuro 3 is

page_text: a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of the kiln showing three of
the chambers thereof, of which any convenient number may be employed;
and Figure 4 is a corresponding horizontal section of the same taken
along the broken cut line 3, 4, in Figure 3.
A, A, are the outer or main walls of the kiln which support the arched
roof or crown B of the same. The said kiln is divided into a number of
separate chambers marked 1, 2, and 3 in my Drawings, where I have
only shown three of such chambers, although in practice I should prefer
to use a much greater number. Each chamber 1, 2, 3, is provided with
fire-holes a, protecting shields or "bags "b, and perforated false bottom c,
as in the ordinary down draft kilns. The permanent partition walls C,
which divide the chambers from each other are provided at their upper
part with two or more openings d, d, for the admission of the heat from
one chamber to the top of the goods in the adjoining chamber, as herein-
after described, such openings being provided with dampers e, e. D, D,
are the perforated "bags," which are built a short distance from the
permanent partition walls C before mentioned, so as to leave a space
between each perforated bag, and its corresponding permanent partition
for the direct and immediate passage of heat from one chamber into the
body of the goods contained in the next chamber, shown by the arrows
and herein-after explained in describing the working of my improved
kilns. A damper f is provided in the central flue E below for the
purpose of shutting off such communication when required.
The main flue F extends the whole length of the series of chambers
to the chimney stack G, and into this main flue F lead branch flues H,
each in communication with one of the said chambers, which branch
flues are provided with dampers g, so as to cut off communication
between any one of the chambers and the main flue F or chimney when
required. These branch flues communicate directly with the central
flues E extending underneath the bottom of each of the chambers, which
central flues conduct the heat from one chamber into the next chamber
through the space between the permanent partition wall and the per-
forated "bag" which divide it from the adjoining chamber. The partition
walls are provided with projections above the perforated walls or
bags " D for the purpose of preventing the goods from falling into the
space between the partition walls and the perforated "bags" before
mentioned, and thereby impeding the draft.
66

page_text: The chambers may be arranged cither in straight, circular, or any
other suitable form as found most convenient in practice. In working
these kilns when arranged in a straight line, for example as shewn in my
Drawings, I commence with the chamber No. 1, or that situate farthest
from the chimney stack.
The fire is applied from the exterior in the ordinary way by the fire-
holes a, a, in the sides of the chamber, and the damper g in connection
with the main flue F is opened for the escape of the steam or vapour;
while the goods in this chamber are drying the damper between the
chambers 1 and 2 being at this time closed. During this operation the
next or No. 2 chamber is being charged with fresh goods through the
charging doors i, i, and when charged the fire-holes a of such chamber
are closed, and the communication of No. 1 chamber with the main
flue F is cut off by shutting the damper 9 in the branch flue of that
chamber. The heat from No. 1 chamber is then passed directly into
No. 2 chamber by opening the damper ƒ in the central flue E, which con-
nects No. 1 chamber with No. 2. The damper g of the branch flue
which connects this No. 2 chamber with the main flue F is now opened,
the steam driven from the goods in No. 2 chamber by the heat from
No. 1 chamber being thus allowed to escape freely to the chimney;
whilst the goods in No. 2 chamber are being dried by the heat from
No. 1 chamber the next or No. 3 chamber is being charged with goods,
and when charged the fire-holes a of this chamber are closed, and the
connections of No. 1 and 2 chambers with the main flue are stopped
by closing both the dampers g, g, in their corresponding branch flucs.
The damper in the central flue connecting No. 2 chamber with No. 3,
and the damper g in the branch fluc H connecting No. 3 chamber with
the chimney are now opened, and the next in advance, or, say, No. 4
chamber (not shown in my Drawings) is charged, and its fire-holes
closed. The connection with No. 8 chamber and the main fluo F is
now cut off like the preceding ones, and the dampers ƒ and g of the
flues connecting No. 3 chamber with No. 4, and No. 4 with the main
flue are opened, and so on in the same order through any desired number
of chambers. Whilst the goods in No. 4 chamber are drying the goods
in No. 1 chamber are being burnt off or finished. The goods in No. 1
chamber being finished the fire-holes a of this chamber are closed;
the connection of No. 1 chamber with chamber No. 2 is then cut
off by closing the damper f in the centre flue E, which connects

page_text: them and the dampers e, e, which close the openings d, d, in the upper
part of the permanent partition wall C of No. 1, and No. 2 chambers are
now opened in order that the heat from No. 1 chamber may pass into
and through the goods in No. 2 chamber. The fires of No. 2 chamber
are now started, and when the temperature of this chamber is elevated
to about the same as that of No. 1 the openings d, d, in the upper part
of the permanent partition wall of No. 1 and No. 2 chambers are closed,
and the goods in No. 1 chamber allowed to cool. By this time the 5th
chamber in advance is charged with fresh goods, and the same process
as that described in reference to No. 1 chamber is carried on throughout
all the chambers of the series, whatever may be their number. The
perforated "bags D herein-before described are a most important
element in my improved kiln, as they admit of the heat passing from
one chamber directly and at once into and amongst the goods in the
adjoining chamber without being impaired or partially exhausted or
expended against the brick walls during its passage between the par-
tition and the bag, as is found to be the case when using non-perforated
bags as heretofore, and hence I am enabled in a continuous action kiln
to effectually produce salt glazed goods of the best quality, a result
which has never been accomplished in continuous action kilns prior to
the date of my Patent.
"
"
Although my kiln is more especially constructed with a view to pro-
ducing salt glazed goods by the continuous system of burning, it is
obvious that it may also be applied to the burning of common goods or
bricks, in which case a portion of the firing may be carried on through
fuel charging apertures made for the purpose in the crown or roof of
the kiln. Moreover if desired each chamber may be worked separately
and independently of its neighbour by simply closing the intercom-
municating dampers between one chamber and another, and merely
leaving each chamber thus isolated in communication with the main
flue F by opening the dampers g in the branch flues.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original; and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1st. The combination in continuous action kilns of separate
chambers provided with external fire-holes and "bags" or shields in

page_text: the sides thereof, and with a perforated bag or shield constructed a short
distance behind cach permanent partition wall in conjunction with flucs
and dampers arranged and operating together, substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
Second. In combination with the above the use of permanent par-
tition walls having openings in the upper part thereof provided with
dampers, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Third. The combination with the permanent partition walls of pro-
jections from the face thereof, disposed above the level of the top
of the perforated "bag," substantially as and for the purpose herein.
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hosea Tugby, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.