IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Randall, of Linslade, in the County of
Bucks, Machinist, and John Randall, of Stevenage, in the County
of Herts, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWS."
Scaled the 21st October 1870, and dated the 25th April 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Randall. and
John Randall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th April 1870.
We, SAMUEL RANDALL, of Linslade, in the County of Bucks;-
Machinist, and JOHN RANDALL, of Stevenage, in the County of Herts;
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HARROWs," to be as follows:-
We make the main beams of a hollow or grooved section open
downwards, thus consisting of a flat top piece and two sides with a space
in between, or they may be made of a U section. The tines are made
with an eye at their upper end for the cross bars and the keys to pass
through, which latter secure both cross bars and tines to the main beams.

page_text: The upper part of the tine is flat and of a thickness equal to the groove
in the main beam above referred to; it is formed with a shoulder, front
and back, which rests against the beam. Each cross bar is formed with a
notch on one side where it joins or clips on to a main beam, which on
each such place has a corresponding notch for the notch on the cross bar to
lock with or into, thus keeping the main beams in their proper distance
apart and at the same time rigidly securing the tines. To prevent the
keys from shaking loose the cross bars are provided with teeth or notches,
into which a lip on one end of each key takes, and is held securely after
being driven in sufficiently tight.
We prefer to arrange the construction in such a way that the cross
bars pass over the main beams. In that case the notches are in the top
of the main beams and in the bottom of the cross bars. The harrow may
if preferred be made nearly or entirely of steel, more particularly the
tines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Randall and John Randall in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
RANDALL, of Linslade, in the County of Bucks, Machinist, and JOHN
RANDALL, of Stevenage, in the County of Herts, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Samuel Randall and John Randall, Her
special licence that we, the said Samuel Randall and John Randall,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Samuel Randall and John Randall, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF

page_text: HARROWS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Samuel
Randall and John Randall, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Randall and John Randall,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being to the accompanying
Drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to
say:
We make the main beams of. a hollow or grooved section open
downwards, thus consisting of a flat top piece with a space between, or
they may be made of a U section. In some cases we rib the flat top
piece. The tines are made with an eye at their upper end for the cross
bars and the keys to pass through, which latter secure both cross bars
and tines to the main beams. The upper part of the tine is flat and of
a thickness equal to or rather slightly less for clearance sake than the
groove or channel in the main beam above referred to; it is formed with
a shoulder front and back, which rests against the under side of the
beam. Each cross bar is formed with a notch where it joins or clips on
to a main beam, which on each such place has a corresponding notch
for the notch on the cross bar to lock with or into, thus keeping the
main beams at their proper distance apart and at the same time rigidly
securing the tines. The notches in the main beams may however be
dispensed with in some cases.
We prefer to arrange the construction in such a way that the cross
bars pass over the main beams. In that case the notches are in the top
of the main beams and in the bottom of the cross bars. When the cross
bars are placed under the main beams they are made of a grooved or
channel section, the tines resting in said groove. Instead of passing the
cross bars through the eyes of the tines the cross bars may be punched
or morticed, and the tine then passes through the cross bar as well as the
beam. A screw and nut may be used to secure the harrow tine instead of
the key.

page_text: And in order that our Invention may be more clearly understood, we.
proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Figs. 1 and 2 shew a harrow made according to our Invention, Fig. 1
being a plan, and Fig. 2 an end elevation.
The main beams a are here made of a channel or hollow section
consisting of a flat top piece and two sides with a space between, as
shewn at Fig. 2. The cross bars in this case pass over the main
beams and are punched through as well as the main beams for the
tines to pass through. The latter rest in the groove of the main beams
and are at that place formed with shoulders; one half of the tines
are shown with key fastenings, the other half with nuts. The tines are
shewn separately for each case at Figs. 3 and 4.
Figs. 5 and 6 shew a part of a harrow in end clevation and side.
elevation. The tine is here formed with an eye, through which the cross
bar b passes.
A key c passing through the eye fastens the tine, cross
bar, and main beam together.
-
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 shew a modification of our Invention, Fig. 7 being
a plan, Fig. 8 a side clevation, and Fig. 9 an end clevation of a harrow
thus made. Both main beams and cross bars are here made of the same
kind of channel iron, viz., ribbed on the top as well as on the bottom,
thereby affording additional lightness and stiffness. The keys are split as
before described.
Figs. 10 and 11 shew a tine in side and end elevation.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we claim, the fixing harrow
tines in frames of channelled or grooved iron, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Randall and John Randall,
SAMUEL RANDALL. (L.S.)
JOHN RANDALL.
(L.S.)