Improved Calks for Horse-shoes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Calks for Horse-shoes.
I, ALFRED HENCKE, of 33' Spenerstrasse, Berlin, N.W., in the Empire of
Germany, Officer in the Berlin Mounted Police Force, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The means heretofore proposed, consisting of fillers of cords, ropes, india-rubber,
cork or the like in the sole of the horse-shoe, or buffers or pads of straw, cork,
india-rubber, leather or the like between the sides of the shoc, for increasing the
adhesion of horse-shoes on smooth or slippery pavement (asphalt wood and the like)
obviate the slipping or falling of the horses with as little certainty or safety as the
devices which are based on the formation of pointed or cutting edged projections or
points of application on interchangeable calks. Fillers or buffers do not give the
horse a reliable hold especially when the smooth pavement is covered with ice,
snow, hoar-frost, or in the manner frequently observed, with a fine moist layer of
mud. On the other hand, the calks heretofore known do not penetrate to the
desired extent into the smooth pavement, more especially when the points or cutting
edges have become too much worn. Even the calk hitherto known having sharp
cones or cutting edges, forms, in the wear of the same upon stone pavements, a
rounded surface without sharp edges and is therefore no longer capable of pene-
trating into the asphalt as it does not present any burr.
To obviate the inconveniences resulting from these defects, the present safety
calk is made with as many points as practicable at least three, and as a rule from
four to six points which will not only actually penetrate into the smooth surface of the
asphalt or wood pavement, but will also form, in the wear thereof a burr which
becomes sharper the longer it is used on stone pavement.
The body of each calk is a prism, the edges or corners of which are made to form
points by providing in the under surface cuts grooves or recesses of suitable depth
by means of a tool or other device, or, if preferred, the desired form is imparted to
the calk in the manufacture thereof by pressing or casting. Accordingly in the
case of a calk made of a three-sided prism three pyramidal points are formed; in
the case of a four-sided prism, four points, and so on. The manufacture of these
points is especially simple in the case of four-sided prisms, as the several points
form at their roots or bases two intersecting lines so that an ordinary triangular file
can be used for sharpening the points.
In this manner each calk provides for the horse a number of sharp points of
application, which, in the stepping of the horse, penetrate into the surface of the
pavement and thus prevent slipping. The fixing of the calks to the shoe is suitably
effected by screwing them into the same.
When for instance on every shoe four calks, with four points, are used, the horse
is provided altogether with sixty-four points of application, by means of which an
absolutely safe walking of the horse on any ground even upon slippery or moist
asphalt pavement, is obtained. A special advantage of the safety calk consists in
the short length or height of the same as compared with the calks heretofore
employed, as thereby a safe treading is rendered practicable and the horse is enabled
to walk steadily.
Dated this 22nd dow of Fehmien 1800
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Calks for Horse-shoes.
I, ALFRED HENCKE, of 331 Spenerstrasse, Berlin N.W. in the Empire of
Germany, Officer in the Berlin Mounted Police, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The means heretofore proposed, consisting of fillers of cords, ropes, indiarubber,
cork or the like in the sole of the horse-shoe, or buffers or pads of straw, cork, india-
rubber, leather or the like between the sides of the shoe for increasing the adhesion
of horse-shoes on smooth or slippery pavement (asphalt, wood and the like) obviate
the slipping or falling of the horses with as little certainty or safety as the devices
which are based on the formation of pointed or cutting edged projections or points
of application on interchangeable calks. Fillers or buffers do not give the horse a
reliable hold especially when the smooth pavement is covered with ice, snow, hoar-
frost, or, in the manner frequently observed, with a fine moist layer of mud. On
the other hand, the calks heretofore known do not penetrate to the desired extent
into the smooth pavement, more especially when the points or cutting edges have
become too much worn. Even the calk heretofore known having sharp cones or
cutting edges forms, in the wear of the same upon stone pavements a rounded surface
without sharp edges, and is therefore no longer capable of penetrating into the
asphalt as it does not present any burr.
Calk plates which are provided after the manner of files on their entire under
surface with pointed protuberances have the same defects.
For obviating the inconveniences resulting from these defects the present safety
calk is made with as many points as practicable, at least three, and as a rule from
four to six points, which will not only actually penetrate into the smooth surface of
the asphalt or wood pavement, but will also form, in the wear thereof a burr which
becomes sharper the longer it is used on stone pavement.
:-
In the accompanying drawing :-
Figure 1 shows the under surface of a horse-shoe provided with four such calks.
Figures 2 to 5 represent calks with different numbers of points in geometric and
perspective views.
The body of each calk is a prism which possesses a screw-threaded pin for
screwing it into the horse-shoe, and in which exclusively the parallel lateral edges
are made to form points, by providing in the under surface cuts, grooves, or recesses
of suitable depth by means of a tool or other device, or if preferred the desired
form is imparted to the calk in the manufacture thereof by pressing or casting.
Accordingly in the case of a calk made of a three-sided prism, Figure 2, only three
pyramidal points a are formed; in the case of a four-sided prism, Figure 3, only
four points a, and so on upon the parallel lateral edges whilst upon the other part
of the under surface, points are not formed. The manufacture of these points is
especially simple in the case of four-sided prisms (Figure 3) as the several points
form at their roots or bases two intersecting lines, so that an ordinary triangular
file can be used for sharpening the points.
In this manner each calk provides for the horse a number of sharp points of
application, which, in the stepping of the horse, penetrate into the surface of the
pavement and thus prevent slipping. The fixing of the calks to the shoe is suitably
effected by screwing them into the same.
When for instance on every shoe, as represented in Figure 1, four calks with four
points are used, the horse is provided altogether with sixty four points of applica-
tion by means of which an absolutely safe walking of the horse on any ground,
even upon slippery or moist asphalt pavement, is obtained. A special advantage
of the safety calk consists in the short length or height of the same as compared
with the calks heretofore employed, as thereby a safe treading is rendered practicable,
and the horse is enabled to walk steadily.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved calk for horse-shoes, consisting of a prismatic body provided with
a screw-threaded pin, and in which by reason of depressions formed in the under
surface of the calk only the parallel lateral edges thereof form points, substantially
as herein described and shown in the accompanying drawing, and for the purpose
specified.
Dated the 14th dow of N-1000
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.