IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OP PAPER." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hyndford Rawlins, of Hope Paper Mills,
near Wrexham, in the County of Denbigh, North Wales, and Joseph
Chappell, of the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP PAPER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hyndford Rawlins
and Joseph Chappell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th February 1865.
We, JAMES HYNDFORD RAWLINS, of Hope Paper Mills, near Wrexham, in
the County of Denbigh, North Wales, and JOSEPH CHAPPELL, of the same
Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the simplifying the principle of couching

page_text: paper from a revolving web of wire by contact therewith, by dispensing with
the cylinder of open or porous surface described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to the said James Hyndford Rawlins, being a communication
to him from Oliver Woodworth, of New London, Connecticut, United States
of America, and dated the Twenty-first day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-two, No. 157, as follows:-We take the ordinary Fourdrinier
paper machine, Patent July 24th, 1806, and numbered 2951, and depress
the wire about the place where it approaches the couch rollers, and at the part
where the wire is depressed we place a couch roller of any suitable size, or we
bring the ordinary couch roller of the Fourdrinier machine thereto, and run it
in rigid bearings. We cause an endless web, made of woollen cloth or any
other suitable material, to pass round and between the surface of the coucher
and the wire, when the pulp having parted with a portion of its fluid in
passing thereto, adheres to the endless web, and is conveyed upon it to be
dried and finished by any of the known processes.
We also use these improvements for removing the web of pulp from the
surface of the wire, and securing a safe adherence to the endless web, not
only by itself, but as a principle to be adopted as may be found desirable for
making thick or thin papers in connection with the ordinary paper machine;
and this plan constitutes the combination in one machine of the usual mode of
couching by the Fourdrinier machine; and our improvements, as above
described, may be adopted at any time, without additional apparatus, to suit
especial purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Hyndford Rawlins and Joseph Chappell in the Great s
Seal Patent Office on the 25th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
HINDFORD RAWLINS, of Hope Paper Mills, near Wrexham, in the County of
Denbigh, North Wales, and JOSEPH CHAPPELL, of the same Place, Manager,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Hyndford Rawlins and Joseph Chappell, Her special license that

page_text: we, the said James Hyndford Rawlins and Joseph Chappell, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Hyndford
Rawlins and Joseph Chappell, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Hyndford
Rawlins and Joseph Chappell, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Hyndford Rawlins and Joseph
Chappell, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object the simplifying the operation of couching
paper from a revolving web of wire by contact therewith, by dispensing with
the cylinder of open or porous surface described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to the said James Hyndford Rawlins, the said Invention
being a communication to him from Oliver Woodworth, of New London,
Connecticut, U. S. of America, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, Number 157,
as follows: We take the ordinary Fourdrinier paper machine, with its action
reversed or otherwise, as may be most suitable, and depress the wire about
the place where it approaches the couch rollers, and at the part where the
wire is depressed we place a couch roller of any suitable size, covered with
the usual jacketing or with a soft jacket of any elastic material, and run it in
rigid bearings, and cause an endless web, made of woollen cloth or any other
suitable material, to pass round and between the surface of the coucher and
the wire, when the pulp having parted with a portion of its fluid in passing
thereto, and in the act of contact, adheres to the endless web of felt, and is
conveyed upon it to be dried by any of the known processes.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be

page_text: understood that we claim the improvements in machinery or apparatus used
in the manufacture of paper, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hyndford Rawlins, for and on
behalf of myself and the said Joseph Chappell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JAMES HYNDFORD RAWLINS. (L.B.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named James Hynd-
ford Rawlins, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.