matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ACTUATING VALVES USED FOR REGULATING THE PASSAGE OF GAS OR WATER IN PIPES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wailes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1856.
I, GEORGE WAILES, of 10, Palace Row, New Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ACTUATING VALVES USED FOR REGULATING THE
PASSAGE OF GAS OR WATER IN PIPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the means of actuating valves for
regulating the passage of gas and water in pipes relate principally to valves in
street and other mains, & consists in the application of an eccentric or eccen-
trics, for the purpose of communicating motion to open or close such valves,
and to regulate the area of passage through the valve. I find the motion of
the eccentric better adapted for actuating valves which rise from and maintain
their parallelism with the seat, and I prefer to use such valves, but it may
also be applied to slide & other kinds of valves. The eccentric is placed
within a chamber in or an enlargement of the pipe through which the gas or
water flows, and within a bridge or strap connected with the valve. The shaft
by which the eccentric is moved enters the chamber through a stufling box,
and it is supported inside by a suitable step or beating. The valve or valve

page_text: stem moves in guides, and is furnished with stops to limit its motion, or stops
may be placed on the eccentric for that purpose.
Instead of an eccentric or eccentrics being used for this purpose, a camb
or cambs may be substituted for giving motion to such valves, and which are
mounted on and moved by means of the shaft entering the chamber by the
stuffing box, as before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING AND WATERPROOFING FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1856.
I, WILLIAM GREEN, of York Street, City Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORNAMENTING AND WATERPROOFING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ornamenting and water-
proofing fabrics. For these purposes, the fabric, whether of cotton, linen, silk,
wool, or hair, is first coated one or more times with a surface of flexible
material, such as printer's ink or varnish, of the color desired. To do this, a
roller coated by preference with the composition used in making printer's
rollers is employed, and such roller receives a coating of the printer's ink or
varnish (from another roller revolving in a trough), which is equilized by a
suitable docter, and this composition roller transmits the coating of varnish to
an iron roller, which distributes it equally on the surface of the fabric. The
fabric thus coated with printer's ink or varnish receives a coating or coatings
of dissolved starch, or of farinaceous or mucilagenous matter. The fabric when
dry is then, either before or after receiving a coating or coatings of copal or
other suitable varnish, to be subjected to a process of calendering or embossing,

page_text: in order to produce the pattern of surface or surfaces desired. When it is
wished to use different colors at different parts of a fabric, engraved rollers are
employed in place of plain rollers for laying on the colored varnishes or inks,
and where it is desired that the above effects should be produced to only parts
of the surfaces of the fabrics, then blocks or rollers with the patterns desired
are to be used.
AN APPARATUS FOR IGNITING LUCIPER MATCHES, OR MATCHES TIPPED WITH PHOSPHOROUS OR IGNITING COM- POSITION
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Knox Wigram at tho.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1856.
I, WILLIAM KNOX WIGRAM, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR IGNITING
LUCIPER MATCHES, OR MATCHES TIPPED WITH PHOSPHOROUS OR IGNITING COM-
POSITION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an apparatus composed chiefly of a holder for tho
match, and of a cylinder with a roughened surface, both placed vertically and
on axes. The holder is caused to turn and present the prepared end of the
match to the roughened cylinder, which is also rotated, and which when about.
being returned by a spring to its original position rubs sufficiently against the
eud of the match to cause it to ignite; the match holder is returned by a
spring to its original position with the match lightod. Upon the stand or
plate on which the apparatus is formed there is a socket for the reception of
a piece of candle or for a lamp, and the height at which the match is placed
in the holder is regulated to the length of the candle or level of the lamp
wick. On a cord connected with the holder and roughened cylinder being
pulled, the match starts from just before the wick of the candle or lamp, and
the ignition of the match is effected by the prepared end of the match being

page_text: brought by the revolution of the holder into contact with the revolving surface
of the roughened cylinder, and on the cord being relaxed, the spring connected
with the holder brings it back, and places the lighted match immediately over
the wick, whereby the candle or lamp is lighted.
Although I have supposed a candle or lamp to be lighted, light or fire may
be communicated to gunpowder, or other compositions or substances.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING CHEQUES, INVOICES, AND OTHER PAPERS, SO THAT THEY MAY BE READILY SEPARATED FROM THEIR COUNTERPARTS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Budden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April 1856.
I, WILLIAM BUDDEN, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Bookseller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF PREPARING CHEQUES, INVOICES, AND OTHER PAPERS, SO THAT THEY MAY BE
READILY SEPARATED FROM THEIR COUNTERPARTS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in introducing a piece of notched or cut metal in the
cheque or other printed form where one part of a document is required to be
separated from another, and overlaying it with paper or cardboard, so that
while being printed the metal cuts through the paper at intervals, sufficient to
render the paper easily torn, while the part of the metal which is notched out
leaves enough paper uncut to cause sufficient cohesion to hold the pieces
together until torn apart. The peculiarity of this Invention is, that the paper
is cut at the same time that it is printed, one working only being required for
the two operations, all existing plans for cutting being totally independent of
the printing, and requiring two different sets of apparatus and machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BILLIARD CUES, OR SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1856.-
A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
BILLIARD CUES, OR SIMILAR ARTICLES," communicated to me by Antoine Escafet,
of Castres, France, to be as follows:-
I propose to taper billiard cues by the use of two bars or puppets, fixed in
a framing supporting four conductors; two of these conductors are to be
horizontal, and are to work backwards and forwards in chasings made in the
puppets or bars. The relative distances of these conductors is to be governed
by the distances of the carriage rods. The moveable piece of these conductors
is put in motion by screws, and when it occupies a convenient position, the
three pieces, of which these conductors are composed, will be permanently
fixed by bolts which traverse them. The two other conductors are moved by
screws in a rise and fall movement, while the vertical conductors easily main-
tain their places by the pressure of the screws. The horizontal ones are
secured in their positions by bolts on the exterior of the puppets aforesaid;

page_text: the carriage rests on these latter conductors, and 'the rods which are adapted
to the carriage pass into grooves cut both above and below in the conductors.
The functions of the vertical conductors, and moveable piece, will be to press
the slots or grooves which traverse the carriage, and these grooves will exercise
a pressure on the cue to form it into the desired shaped. The cue to be
formed will pass into a circular opening made in the middle of the carriage;
screwed laths or rods will also pass into the orifice of the carriage, and as
these screws are put in motion by gearing (not necessary to explain here), it
will be perceived that their evolutions on each other, guided by nuts in the
carriage, will not only cause the cue to be tapered at will, but smooth or
polish the wood in the same operation.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC TILE FOR ROOFING OR COVERING BUILDINGS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rock Day and Thomas Rutter
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
14th November 1856.
We, JOHN ROCK DAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, and THOMAS RUTTER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC
TILE FOR ROOFING OR COVERING BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a rectangular sheet of metal, one of the edges
on the longer side being turned up at right angles to the plane of the sheet;
the opposite edge is turned up at right angles, and the extreme edge turned
down again, so as to form an inverted trough-like figure running along the
side of the sheet. A series of inverted V-formed or curved elevations are
raised across the sheet of metal by stamping, pressing, or otherwise. In roofing
with our new or improved tile, the vertical edge of the tile is placed against a
rib on the rafter, and the inverted trough-like edge of the next tile is placed
upon the said rib, so as to surround the said rib on three sides, and also include
the vertical edge of the first-mentioned tile. Pins or rivets are passed through
the rib, and bind the edges of the two tiles to the said rib and to one another.
The upper and lower ends of the tiles overlap one another in the usual manner.
The elevations raised on the tile strengthen it, while allowing rain to flow
freely from off the tile. We prefer to make our improved tile of sheet iron
or galvanized iron, but do not limit ourselves to any metal or alloy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NOSE BAGS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Auguste Dieudonné at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1856. A communication.
I, LOUIS AUGUSTE DIEUDONNE, of No. 35, Essex Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NOSE BAGS," to be as follows, that is to say:—
The Invention consists in an improved mode of applying nose bags to
avoid the loss of fodder. The bag is made of the ordinary forin, but in lieu
of being suspended by a single strap or rope, as usual, that strap has an addi-
tional strap or rope attached at its sides towards the top, so as to form a loop
for encircling the horse's head, and at each side of the double strap or loop,
rings are adapted. The two ends of a rope are passed freely through the
rings, and fixed to the sides towards the bottom of the bag, the other extremity
of the rope being fixed to a hook on the saddle or harness about the middle of
the horse's back; thus, the extremities of the rope being fixed, when the horse
lowers his head the rope will be pulled up by the hook behind, and will pull
up the bag at the same time towards the horse's head, and when he raises his
head the contrary effect will take place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING THE HANDLES OF DOOR LOCKS AND DOOR FINGER PLATES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Caron at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July 1856.
I, FELIX CARON, of Great Titchfield Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENING THE HANDLES OF DOOR LOCKS AND DOOR FINGER PLATES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in fastening the handles of door locks refers to those
knobs or handles that are secured to a spindle passed through the lock, with
the handle secured at the end of the spindle. The one handle I form so as to
slide on the spindle, & secure it by means of a cross slide passed through the
small part of the handle nearest the door, & received into notches cut in the
spindle; this cross sliding plate is hid from view & kept in its place by
the scutcheon plate, which is placed in position after the knob or handle is
fixed on the spindle. The scutcheon plate is fixed to the door by an inner brass
plate screwed thereto, as in ordinary, the inner plate & screws being covered
by a porcelain or other ornamental outside plate attached to the inner one by
hooked projections, which are inserted through notches cut in a flange, &
secured by turning the ornamental plate partially round to bring the pro-
jections behind the flanch, or this ornamental part may be screwed on to the
under plate in the ordinary manner.
I fix the other knob or handle to the other end of the spindle by a screw cut
on the square part of the spindle; I screw the handle on as far as required, &

page_text: then bring back a plate fitted to slide on the square spindle. This plate has
a pin or pins projecting in a direction parallel to the spindle, which pins are
received into holes in the handle, & thereby prevent the handle turning on
the screw of the spindle after the plate is adjusted in its position. The
scutcheon plate is secured as before described. By fitting the handles on the
spindles as described, the positions of the handles can be regulated to a nicety
according to the thickness of the door, & without showing any of the parts
whereby they are fixed.
The second part of my Invention refers to fixing the finger plates of
doors, which consists in attaching hooked projections to the door, and by suit- 1
able catches or holding parts formed in the plate, whereby it may be fixed by
pressing the plate to the door & sliding the plate in the proper-direction.
to connect & secure the two parts together. The position of these parts may
be reversed. A dovetailed projection may be formed on the door & received
in a suitable dovetailed indent in the plate, & slid into connection with each 1
other, or the indent may be in the door & the projection attached to the plate.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRET-WORK FOR ORNA- MENTAL WINDOWS OR LIGHTS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CUTTING OF IRREGULAR FIGURES IN GLASS GENERALLY
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th September 1856.
I, WILLIAM HENRY COOPER, of Manor Cottages, Bromley Hall, in the
County of Middlesex, Fret Glazier, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRET-WORK FOR ORNA-
MENTAL WINDOWS OR LIGHTS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CUTTING OF IRREGULAR
FIGURES IN GLASS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to produce geometrical and other
patterns in glass without the use of lead, except at the edges of the various
parts of the pattern. In the putting together of stained glass, it has been
usual to compose the pattern of small pieces, and, where any considerable
deviation from a straight line occurred in any one colour, to complete that
irregular portion of the outline by joining on a piece with lead; thus, an
unsightly joint was formed, which interfered with the symmetry or beauty of
the design. To obviate this defect, I propose, in the manufacture of fret-work,
to cut out the different colours to the form of the corresponding colours in the
design, and then to fit them together by lead, as heretofore; for example, if

page_text: the design has a square border, with or without spurs or other projections to
vary its outline, I take a piece of glass of suitable size, and having marked
the figure of the border on it, I drill holes at the angles of the figure (using
turpentine as a lubricator to the drill), and then complete the outline with a
diamond (assisted or not with fluoric acid). I next tap the glass gently and
break away the intersticial pieces, as well as the outer parts, and thus obtain
the border in one continuous surface of glass. I also shape the internal parts
of the design in like manner, allowing for the space which the joining lead will
occupy; and by this means I am enabled to produce a complex pattern, with
the different ground colours in one piece of glass, the joinings only occurring
where the change of colour takes place. This mode of cutting out irregular
figures in glass is also applicable to other purposes than that of manufacturing
fret-work, as, for example, the filling of irregular spaces, panels, or frames
with plate or other glass.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Year: 1856

page_text: roceed win
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gower Woodward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1856.
I, GEORGE GOWER WOODWARD, of Kidderminster, in the County of
Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of carpets consists,
firstly, in extending the application of the improvements described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to me, and bearing date the 26th day of
October 1854, in which a combination of "self" or single coloured and parti-
coloured warps, composed of various kinds of fibrous materials, are described
as applied to the manufacture of "carpets and other looped fabrics." I apply
the combination of these "self" and parti-coloured warps to the manufac-
ture of carpets known by the names of Kidderminster, Scotch, and Dutch
carpeting.
The second part of my Invention consists in working the "self" and parti-
coloured warps in the same reed of the slay as in the manufacture of Brussels
carpets, and working above and below each other as the pattern may require.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of further improvements upon the methods
of dyeing parti-coloured warps described in the Specification of my Patent
above referred to, and in the apparatus connected therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1856.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MOORE, of 3, Wenlock Place, City Road, Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging apparatus in connection with a line of
railway, so that the passage of a train by acting on suitable instruments raises
a stump, which, if another train passes, comes in contact with instruments in
connection with the whistle of the engine, so as to cause the same to sound.
The stump, when raised, is retained in position for a suitable time, which is
regulated by the escape of air, water, or other suitable substance through a
small orifice from a regulating vessel. At the same time that the stump is
raised a visible signal is also brought up, and this visible signal gradually
descends as the air or other substance escapes from the regulating vessel
before mentioned, so that the position of this signal indicates the time which
has elapsed since the passage of a train along the line.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PURIFYING WATER
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Julius Wilhem
Maximilian Liebmann at the Office of the Commissioners of Fients,
with his Petition, on the 22nd October 1856.-A communication.
I, CARL HEINRICH JULIUS WILHEM MAXIMILIAN LIEBMANN, of Fartown,
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Warehouseman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PURIFYING WATER," to be
as follows:-
The said Invention of "An Improvement in Purifying Water," consists in
applying carbonic acid gas and hydrate of lime to the water to be purified.
The water heated with carbonic acid gas and hydrate of lime is allowed to
flow through an aperture at the side of the vessel above the layer of lime, and
after being agitated is subjected again to carbonic acid gas, is then allowed to
subside and drawn off into a third vessel, in which it is again subjected to car-
bonic acid gas. The water so treated will be disinfected, purified, and rendered
fit for drinking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND PLANES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Mehrel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1856.
I, ETIENNE MEUREL, of Paris (France), Carpenter, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND PLANES," to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to jointing, trying, rabbet, horse, or any other sort
of hand planes, whether they serve for working on wood, stone, or any other
material. They consist in certain arrangements permitting the fixing of the
plane-iron in the wood of the plane at any suitable height by means of a
thumb-screw acting nearly vertically on the iron, passing in a hole in this latter,
and kept in position by means of a tail or nut, which latter enters into a
suitable groove established in the wood, or the thumb-screw works in a nut
fixed across within the opening for the plane iron; this latter may be simple
or double, and resembles either the ordinary plane-irons, or be provided with
a longitudinal slit open at one end for introducing the screw into the same.
When using double plane-irons, I keep them together by means of another
thumb-screw and nut gliding in the already-mentioned slit, by which arrange-
ment the two irons may at once be connected together or separated. The

page_text: wood of the plane may have its two cheeks closed, or offer an opening at one
side, by which the manufacture of the same is rendered easyer, and the plane'
may serve at once as a rabbet plane, a moveable rule adapted against the under
side of the plane serving as a guide piece.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Johnson and William
Blackwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd June 1856.
We, JAMES JOHNSON and WILLIAM BLACKWELL, both of Ashton-under-Lyne,
in the County of Lancaster, Overlookers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in certain improvements in those self-acting mules
in which a cam shaft is employed; this shaft has hitherto been driven by
friction pulleys. Now, our Invention consists in dispensing with these friction
pulleys and driving the cam shaft by gearing actuated by the twist shaft. The
wheel on the twist shaft is made with some of the teeth left out; this blank
space comes opposite the wheel to be driven when the cam shaft is to be set in
motion. This motion is imparted to the cam shaft by a weighted cord passing
over a pulley loose on the cam shaft, but connected to it by a catch and ratchet
wheel. As the twist shaft continues to revolve it again winds up the weight,
so that when the blank space comes opposite the driven wheel, the weight
again descends and gives motion to the cam shaft. We also propose to employ
a spring instead of the weighted cord.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ROTARY ENGINE
Year: 1856

page_text: I went was not given wunin ng time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Durand Gardissal at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd August 1856.
I, CHARLES DURAND GARDISSAL, of 10, Bedford Street, Strand, London, and
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent Agent, do bereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ROTARY ENGINE" to be as
follows:-
I arrange the main axis or shaft in a vertical position, and on this I fix a
wheel with a broad flat annular rim; or it may be without a rim at all,
and consist merely of the centre and spokes. This wheel is of the diameter of
the steam chambers, which are of an annular form, and arranged concentric
with the axis, one above and one below the rim of the wheel.
These annular chambers are rectangular in their cross section, and that one
which is placed above the rim is open on the lower side, while that one placed
below is open on the upper side, (that is to say,) on the sides presented to the
sides of the rim; annular plates are placed above and below the rim of
the wheel; they are of considerable thickness, so as to project some distance
from the rim. These annular rings close the before-mentioned open sides of
the steam chambers, and are received between the flanges or lips of those
chambers, in which india-rubber or other suitable packings are placed to

page_text: render the junction steam tight. The annular steam chambers are fixed
in their position, whilst annular rings move round with the wheel in its
revolution. The pistons are fixed to the annular plates at opposite diameters,
one to either plate, which pistons project upwards and downwards into
the steam chambers. These pistons are fitted to the cross section of the
annular steam chamber, and are suitably packed to render the steam-tight.
The abutinent against which the steam acts slides in and out of the steam
chambers towards and from the centre axis and main shaft, to which suitable
excentrics or cambs are fixed, so as to withdraw the sliding abutments at the
proper times to allow the pistons to pass those points and again to force them
back before the admission of the steam. The steam ports-are situated close to
the abutments by which the steam is admitted and escapes, the ingress and
egress being regulated by valves worked by the engine, as well understood.
AN APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING CRUDE IRON WHILE IN A FLUID STATE FROM A BLAST OR OTHER FURNACE INTO MALLEABLE OR BAR IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Honourable William Erskine
Cochrane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th September 1856.
I, The Honorable WILLIAM ERSKINE COCHRANE, of No. 5, Osnaburgh
Terrace, Regent's Park, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING CRUDE IRON WHILE IN A FLUID
STATE FROM A BLAST OR OTHER FURNACE INTO MALLEABLE OR BAR IRON AND
STEEL," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in an apparatus by means of which crude iron in
a fluid state from a blast or other furnace is freed from all or a great .part of
the carbon it may contain, and rendered into malleable or bar iron and steel
by a process the reverse of that which has hitherto been adopted, namely,
allowing it to flow down inclined, enclosed, or partially enclosed planes, or other
similar descents, exposed to a forced current of atmospheric or other air or
vapor capable of evolving oxygin, instead of forcing air into or upon quiescent
fluid metal, as heretofore practiced or proposed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING ALL SORTS OF CLOTH, FABRICS, AND SKINS, BY THE APPLICATION OF A SUBSTANCE SO CALLED CARBURINE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given
by the Act.)
SUT LUCCG
preser
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Didier Elizabeth Ernest Ausset de
Chavanon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition,
on the 81st October 1856.
I, DIDIER ELIZABETH ERNEST AUSSET DE CHAVANON, of Paris, and of 45,
Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING ALL SORTS OF CLOTH, FABRICS, AND
SKINS, BY THE APPLICATION OF A SUBSTANCE SO CALLED CARBURINE," to bo as follows,
and consists in taking instantly away any stain from any cloth, fabrics, skins,
&c.; and its application in most cases merely consists in spreading the stained
part or spot on a folded towel or unsized paper, and slightly rub the stained
spot all over with a plug, previously dipped into or impregnated with a liquid
composed of sulphuret of carbon and carburet of sulphur, which may be purified
or even perfumed.
Owing to its volatility, the liquid will quickly vaporize, and the stain pass
on the spongy body laid beneath. For preventing any foul ring from encircling
the cleaned spot, another towel or unsized paper, done up likewise in several
folds, is substituted for the former, and a fresh plug, also impregnated with the
same liquid, is again passed over the ring and at a little distance around, so as
to take away all traces of the fatty or extraneous body.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CORN MILLS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Marples at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1856.
I, THOMAS MARPLES, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Millstone
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CORN MILLS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of an improved arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for grinding or crushing corn or any kind of grain, as well as all
sorts of mineral or vegetable substances, which will be clearly understood by
reference to the accompanying outline Drawing, in which A represents the
hopper, from whence the corn or other substance passes to the stone B, where
it is crushed, and then passing to the surface of the stone C, where it is
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF WATER, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1856

page_text: TOVISION rotection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Julius Wilhem
Maximilian Liebmann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 21st November 1856.-A communication.
I, CARL HEINRICH JULIUS WILHEM MAXIMILIAN LIEBMANN, of Fartown,
IIuddersfield, in the County of York, Warehouseman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF WATER,
AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the purification of water by means of materials
to be prepared for that purpose. The material employed is carbonic acid, pre-
pared in considerable quantities out of pure and impure carbonate of lime, by
burning the same in retorts, kilns, or other similar apparatus, in which the
same stock of carbonate of lime, or of the precipitate produced in the process
of purifying water, may be renovated by washing, and employed over and over
again in and for the purification of water. The water so purified may be
impregnated with carbonic acid in any of the usual methods before being sup-
plied to the consumer. In so treating water with carbonic acid, I employ
bicarbonate of sodium and oxalic acid in crystals, the vessel containing the
water being about one-third full, and kept air-tight or well covered at the top.
For the purpose of ascertaining the state of the water while undergoing the
process of purification, and after the same is completed, any of the ordinary
tests may be adopted.
AN IMPROVED AIR-DOOR
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Boycott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1856.
I, RICHARD BOYCOTT, of Blaina, in the County of Monmouth, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED AIR-DOOR," to be as
follows, and consists in constructing air-doors for underground workings so as
to render them self-closing. For this purpose I construct the doors of an
irregular square form, and by preference wider at the bottom than at the top,
and I suspend them at any angle required, not being in any way confined as
to detail of shape or angle so long as the principle involved be adhered to.
The better to illustrate the nature of my said Invention, I annex a Sheet of
Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a cross section, shewing the door when closed;
and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, shewing the door when open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING AND TREATING ROUGH TURPENTINE AND RESINOUS MATTERS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd July
1856.
I, JOHN WEBSTER, of 14, Moreton Terrace, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DISTILLING AND TREATING ROUGH TURPENTINE AND RESINOUS MATTERS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in distilling and treating
rough turpentine and resinous matters, and the improvements consist in dis-
tilling such substances together with water by heat aided by vacuum; and
further, in order to obtain the resins remaining in the still as free from color
and water as may be, the water remaining is evaporated by means of heat and
vacuum, or the spirit may be distilled in the ordinary manner without the aid
of vacuum, and then the remaining resins dried with heat aided by vacuum.
IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leadbetter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1856.
I, JAMES LEADBETTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Brazier, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention consists in a mode or modes of obtaining.
motive power to be applied to machinery or apparatus of any description.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a wheel, which may be either fixed
in a vertical or horizontal position, or in any position that may be required, on
the shaft of which are loosely fixed a series of jointed levers, the outer arms of
which are fixed by screws to a series of bow springs or crossed levers bearing
down or acting against each of the outer ends of the jointed levers. On the
arms of the wheel above-mentioned are fixed a series of pins, which run in
short slots made in the outer levers, in order to prevent the levers from assum-
ing a straight position, and also to cause the motion of the machine to be
reversed, by which means the levers will always have a tendency to verge into
a straight position, and thereby cause the wheel to travel round on its centre
and impart motion to machinery of any description.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND PULPY MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Greenlees at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1856.
I, EDWARD GREENLEES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Marble Cutter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE
AND PULPY MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the treatment or preparation of such fibrous or
textile materials as rags, machinery waste, and similar substances, so as to
render the same of greater commercial value in the after processes and uses to
which these materials are to be applied. This Invention also relates to the
treatment of pulpy materials in a generally similar manner, either before such
materials are actually pulped down, or after the pulp has been prepared for the
manufacture of paper. The matters to be thus treated are steeped in a
solution of calcined barytes, either in the state of carbonates or sulphates,
strontium, or calcium, and upon removal from such steep they are found to be
heavier, whiter, and generally more valuable for manufacturing purposes than
untreated substances of a similar kind.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LUBRICATORS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rawson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December
1856.
I, JOHN RAWSON, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Engraver to Calico
Printers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LUBRICATORS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention relates to apparatus for lubricating the
journals of horizontal shafting, or for lubricating other portions of machinery
to which the said apparatus is applicable, and consists of a tube and ball
forming a valve, with a cup or vessel resting on a shoulder near the top of the
tube, the ball or globe resting on the top of the tube inside the cup or vessel.
The said tube, vessel, and globe may be made of any suitable material, but I
prefer for the tube, brass; for the vessel, glass; and for the globe, stone, similar
to a youth's marble, which ball or globe must correspond to the size or diameter
of the top of the tubo. I also place inside the said tube a piece of woollen
cloth or similar material, to assist in regulating the necessary supply of oil or
lubricating matter, which being put in, the cup or vessel must pass under the
ball or globe, and through the woollen cloth in the tube to the place to be
lubricated, to which the apparatus is fixed.
IMPROVED MACHINERY POR DAMPING SHEETS OF PAPER INTENDED TO BE PRINTED UPON, SO AS TO RENDER THE USUAL OPERATION OF WETTING UNNECESSARY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August.
1856.
I, WILLIAM STONES, of Greenhithe, in the County of Kent, Paper Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY POR DAMPING SHEETS OF PAPER INTENDED TO BE PRINTED UPON, SO AS
TO RENDER THE USUAL OPERATION OF WETTING UNNECESSARY," to be as follows:-
In place of steeping the paper (intended to be used for printing purposes) in
water, as is now the case, I propose to damp the paper by causing jets of
steam or a thin fine spray of water to be thrown on one or both surfaces of the
paper as the latter is passed through my machine. The paper is fed into the
machine and is supported therein by endless tapes or bands, which pass over
suitable rollers or pullies. One or more steam boxes, in length corresponding
to the width of the paper, is or are placed either above or below, or (if thought
desirable) on both sides of the paper, and these boxes are provided either with
fine holes, or, what I prefer, a long slit or longitudinal opening, from which the
steam will issue and impinge upon and dampen the surface or surfaces of the
paper. Instead of steam, water may be employed, and thrown on to the paper
in a thin film or spray, either by causing it to pass by means of pressure
through fine openings, as above mentioned, or by causing brushes by their

page_text: rapid rotation to throw water in a finer shower on to the surface of the
paper.
I propose to adapt my improved machinery to steam-printing machinery, so
that the paper may pass from the feed table through my machine, and from
thence direct to the printing cylinder; but the damping machinery may of
course be employed separately, that is, the paper may be wetted as a
preliminary operation without passing it at once direct to the printing
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS AND OTHER SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Myers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1856.
I, EDWARD MYERS, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS
AND OTHER SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of annular vulcanized
caoutchouc springs, for obtaining an elastic buffing action, or for breaking the
shocks arising from the inequalities of the road, or the tractive power of the
engine.
The improvements consist in fitting two or more series of annular vulcanized
caoutchouc springs in a suitable spring box or casing, each set of springs being
placed in a separate and distinct compartment of its own, such compartments
being concentrically arranged, so that the inner set of springs will be of smaller
diameter than the outer ones.
The inner end of the buffer rod, or other portion receiving the shocks, has a
number of circular projections formed on it or fitted thereto, such projections
corresponding to and fitting into the chambers containing the different sets of
springs. The springs in each set are arranged in gradually increasing or
decreasing numbers, so that the buffer, if applied thereto, will first be brought
in contact only with one set of springs, and then with a second set, and so on,
thus meeting with greater resistance the further it is pushed inwards, by which
means the shocks of the buffers will be more gradually deadened than by

page_text: existing arrangements. It is proposed to employ this arrangement of annular
vulcanized caoutchouc springs for buffers, draw bars, and bearing springs of
railway or other carriages, although vulcanized caoutchouc is the only material
above mentioned; it is obvious that any other gum possessing similar proper-
ties may be substituted for caoutchouc for the above purposes.
AN IMPROVED ROWLOCK FOR BOATS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed.
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mason at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1856.
I, WILLIAM MASON, of Pembroke Dock, Inspector of Joiners in Her
Majesty's Dockyard at Pembroke, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED ROWLOCK FOR BOATS," to be as follows:-
My rowlock is formed of metal, and consists of a frame which embraces
the two sides and covers the top of the gunwale of boats, and which carries
at top two rests, forming a crutch for the oar to work in. To secure the
rowlock in its place, mortice holes are made in both sides of the frame and in
the gunwale, through which bolts are passed and secured by hooks or pins. I
find it advisable to place a plate of metal on the inside and outside of the gun-
wale, when of wood, at the parts where the rowlocks are to be fitted, to obviate
any inconvenience which might arise from the wood swelling.
AN IM- PROVED PORTABLE LAUNDRY, OR COMBINED BOILING, WASHING, MANGLING, AND DRYING AND IRONING APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Waygood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1856.
I, RICHARD WAYGOOD, of Newington Causeway, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED PORTABLE LAUNDRY, OR COMBINED BOILING, WASHING, MANGLING, AND DRYING
AND IRONING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain new arrangements of parts, whereby every
requisite for a laundry may be contained in a small space and portable form.
My apparatus consists of a table fitted with rollers, which answers both as
a mangle and as an ironing board; underneath this table, and between the legs,
I fit a metal semicircular shaped vessel or boiler, and suspend in it a box or
dasher, in which clothes to be washed are placed; the sides of this dasher, instead
of being formed with perforations, consist of a wooden grating, which will allow
of water flowing freely through the dasher. The dasher, or washing box, is sus-
pended from a shaft, to which a rocking motion is communicated. Underneath
this vessel is a flue, and at one side I place a small stove, which will not only
heat water placed in the washing and boiling vessel, but also the irons required
in ironing. A drying chamber may also be placed over or in connection with
the stove, which is also so contrived that it may be withdrawn from the rest
of the apparatus, and may be used for ordinary purposes. I either connect
the flue with a pipe leading into a chimney or into the open air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MEANS OF LAYING DOWN AND FIXING THEM IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PRESENT RAILS IN USE
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Jowett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1856.
I, HENRY ALFRED JOWETT, of Kentish Town, London, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS USED FOR
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND IN THE MEANS OF
LAYING DOWN AND FIXING THEM IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE PRESENT RAILS IN USE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a novel and improved formation of wrought-iron
or other metal rail, which for the sake of distinction may be termed the
trigone," or rail of three surfaces; for example, instead of the ordinary donble
or rail, which is placed and held in a cast-iron chair, moulded to the shape
of the rail on one side, and a wooden key driver between the other side and the
rail to secure it in proper position, I propose to roll or otherwise form a rail.
with three wearing surfaces for the wheels to travel upon. Two of these
surfaces I propose to be partially embedded in the wooden sleepers, placed as
they now are in a transverse position (thereby dispensing with the present
chair), and spiked or bolted through the angle arms into the said sleepers. By
forming rails of the above shape, I not only dispense with the use of chairs,

page_text: wooden keys, &c., but render rails more durable than heretofore; for example,
instead of having only two wearing surfaces I have three, consequantly a rail
thus formed will last half as long again as the ordinary double-headed rail.
Another and improved form of construction of rail consists in making a rail
with four wearing surfaces. This rail is to be rolled or otherwise formed of a
somewhat similar shape to the present rail; but the wearing surfaces of this
improved rail are on the side where the flanches of the wheels of the carriages
now run or press against the said rail, and instead of the rail being placed on
end, I propose to lay it on the side, as it were, two of the wearing surfaces being
imbedded in the sleeper, and a bolt or spike passed through the centre arm or
tie bar of the rail into the sleeper. By these means I obtain a double wearing
surface without moving the rails; the inner head of one line of rails and the
outer head of the other line constituting one permanent way, which when worn
may be abandoned, and the other heads of this side of the rail employed by
adjusting the switches or points to suit the same, and to direct the carriages
thereonto; and when these last-mentioned surfaces are worn out, the rails
may
be turned over and the other heads used, in a similar manner to the former
ones.