AN INDROVEMENT IN UP MANTRACTURE OF AXLE-BOXES AND BUSHES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Henry Duley, of Northampton, in the
County of Northamptonshire, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "AN
INDROVEMENT IN UP MANTRACTURE OF AXLE-BOXES AND BUSHES."
Sealed the 18th March 1862, and dated the 23rd September 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Henry Duley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1861.
I, JAMES HENRY DULEY, of Northampton, in the County of Northampton-
shire, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE-BOXES AND BUSHES," to be as
follows:-
This improvement consists in casting the boxes and bushes for the wheels
of carts, waggons, agricultural implements, and other carriages in jointed
metal moulds (in lieu of sand) by which means the inner and outer surfaces
of such casting are chilled and hardened, and the strength and durability of
the article greatly increased.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Henry Duley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd March 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HENRY DULEY, of Northampton, in the County of Northamptonshire, Iron-
founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Henry Duley, Her special licence that I, the said
James Henry Duley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Henry Duley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE-BOXES AND BUSHES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Henry Duley, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Henry Duley, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This improvement consists in casting the axle-boxes and bushes for the
wheels of carts, waggons, agricultural implements, and other carriages in
jointed metal moulds (in lieu of sand) by which means the inner and outer
surfaces of such castings are chilled and hardened and the strength and dura-
bility of the article greatly increased.
And in order that the manner of performing my said Invention may be fully
understood, reference is had to the annexed Drawings, and to the following

page_text: description thereof, the same letters referring to similar parts in each of these
Drawings.
Figure 1 is a view of a jointed metal mould in a complete state ready to
receive a casting; Figure 2 shews the back block A, which is fixed upon a
bed plate a Figure 3 is the front block B detached. In the centre of the
bed plate a there is a steel plate 2 to support the casting, and having an
aperture to receive the lower end of the metal core pin E, Figure 4, which is
supported by a hinged flap D, on the under side of the bed plate, as shewn by
Figure 5. The core pin E, Figure 4, is formed of a taper wrought-iron tube,
coated externally with cast iron, and having a number of perforations which
communicate with the internal channel. Before using, the core pin has a
ring or coating of loam placed round its middle for the purpose of forming an
oil chamber in the axle-box, this coating of loam being dried and properly
shaped (as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 4) the core pin is placed
vertically in the mould with its lower end in the steel plate 6. The cast-iron
blocks A and B are then brought together, and covered with the metal top
plate G, which closes the upper part of the mould, and secures the core pin in
its
proper position.
In the front part of the metal top plate G there is a groove to receive a
sand runner g (shewn separately at Figure 6), through which the melted iron
is poured into the mould. Instead of the metal top plate G, I sometimes use
a framed sand top, Figure 7, in which case the sand runner is not required.
When the several parts of the mould are brought together, they are secured by
clamps or wedges, and the metal poured in at the top. Any air or steam that
may be driven off from the loam coating round the core pin escapes through
the perforations and up through the hollow centre of the pin. After the
metal has become set, the hinged flap D, on the under side of the bed plate,
Figure 5, is opened by withdrawing the wedge e², and the core pin is driven
out; the mould is then opened, and the casting taken out. Figure 8 is a
view of the cast-iron axle-box, and Figure 9 a sectional view of the same.
By this method of casting iron axle-boxes and bushes in jointed metal
moulds, the entire surface of the casting is chilled, hardened, and polished ready
for use, whereby its production is cheapened, and its strength and durability
greatly increased.
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I desire it to be understood, that what I claim as new,
and constituting my improvement in the manufacture of axle-boxes and bushes,
is the use of jointed metal moulds in combination with a compound hollow

page_text: perforated core pin and steel bed plate, substantially as herein-before described
and shewn in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Henry Duley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
W. BADDELEY,
Patent Agent,
Islington.
JAMES HENRY DULEY. (L.S.)