THE PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION, AND DISCOLORATION OF THE COTTON SEED OIL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Briqueler, fils, 22, Rue Emery, Dunkerque,
France, for the Invention of "THE PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION, AND
DISCOLORATION OF THE COTTON SEED OIL."
Sealed the 3rd April 1857, and dated the 21st October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Briqueler, fils,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1856.
I, CHARLES BRIQUELER, fils, 22, Rue Emery, Dunkerque, France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION,
AND DISCOLORATION OF THE COTTON SEED OIL," to be as follows:-
By the ordinary mechanicals means I triture and squeeze out the cotton
seed, and according to its richness I obtain fifty-five pounds, more or less, of
oil fluid, and of a dark brown colour, from two hundred and twenty pounds
of seed.
The cakes of that seed are used as manure, and experience has prooved them
to be equal if not superior to the cakes of other oleaginous seeds, as sesama,
linseed, arachides, and others.
The oil once obtained must be warmed and treated with alkale oxide (oxyde
alcalin) in large tubs made of wood and lined with lead, then I add to it a
quantity of lime water (eau de chaux), which varies from two to six per cent.,
according to the nature of the oil, then some water steam is introduced in
that mixture, and after a few hours the purification is finished; a deposit is
formed at the bottom of the tubs, and the oil is lightly clarified; it has become
more fluid, and can then be entierly discolored by the soluble submuriate of
soda of potash and of lime (hypochlorites de soude de potasse et de chaux);
the last is employed as more economical.

page_text: The oil once treated with lime is placed in large square cases of wood lined
with lead, and mixed with a dissolution of submuriate of lime (dissolution
d'hypochlorite de chaux), marking four degrees by the chlorometer of Gay
Lussac. The quantity of dissolution varries, according to the nature of the cotton
seeds employed, from one to three per cent. in volume of chlorine (chlore),
or its equivalent, in submuriate (bypochlorite), which according to the theory
admitted discolors as much by the chlorine (chlore) as by the oxygen of sub-
muriate acid (oxygene de l'acide hypochloreux); then the mixture must be
agitated, and after twenty-four or thirty hours I add to it a quantity of sul-
phuric acid (acide sulfurique) at fifty degrees, sufficient to transform all the
lime (chaux) of the submuriate into sulpha of lime (sulfate de chanx), which
falls at the bottom; a little time after the oil becomes limped, and to
have it quite pure it must be filtered; it is then fit for commerce as well as
for private use.
My Invention principally consists in the successive use,―
1°, of alkale acid (acide alcalin), I could employ the soda (soude) or the
potash (potasse).
2°, of one submuriate or of chlorine (d'hypochlorite ou de chlore), I could
employ a solution of chlorine (solution de chlore), but the submuriats are
better. The submuriate of soda (bhypochlorite de soude) or of potash (potasse)
would do as well as the submuriate of lime (hypochlorite de chaux), which I
prefer on account of its moderate price.
3°, of one acid which discomposes the salt, I prefer the sulphuric acid
(acide sulfurique), but any other acid, if cheaper, would answer as well.
The above description clearly shaws that my Invention is as perfect as
possible, not onely for the purification, clarification, and discoloration of the
cotton seed oil, but also on the important point of economy of expences and
time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Briqueler, fils, in the Great Seal Patent Office on 3
the 9th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
BRIQUELER, fils, 22, Rue Emery, Dunkerque, France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in the year of our 3
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Briqueler, fils, ler special licence that I, the said Charles
Briqueler, fils, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Charles Briqueler, fils, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE
PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION, AND DISCOLORATION OF THE COTTON SEED OIL," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Briqueler, fils, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Charles Briqueler, fils, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
By the ordinary mechanical means I triture & squeeze out the cotton seed,
and according to its richness I obtain fifty-five pounds, more or less, of oil
fluid, and of a dark brown color, from two hundred and twenty pounds
of seed.
The cakes of that seed are used as manure, and experience has proved them
to be equal if not superior to the cakes of other oleaginous seeds, as, sesame,
lin, arachides, and others.
The oil once obtained must be warmed and treated with alkale oxide (oxyde
alcalin), in large tubs made of wood and lined with lead; then I add to it a
quantity of water (eau de chaux), which varies from two to six per cent.,
according to the nature of the oil, then some water steam is introduced in
that mixture, and after a few hours the purification is finished. A deposite is
formed at the bottom of the tubs, and the oil is lightly clarified; it has become
more fluid, and can then be entirely discolored by the soluble submuriate of
soda, of potash, and of lime (les bypochlorites de soude, de potasse, et de
chaux); the latter is employed as more economical.
The oil once treated with lime is placed in large square cases of wood lined
with lead, and mixed with a dissolution of submuriate of lime (dissolution d'hy-
pochlorite de chaux), making four degrees by the chlorometre of Gay Lussac.

page_text: The quantity of dissolution varies according to the nature of the cotton seeds
employed, from one to three per cent. in volume, chlorine (chlore), or its equi-
valent in submuriate (hypochlorite), which, according to the theory admitted,
discolors as much by the chlorine (clore) as by the oxygen of submuriate acid
(oxygène de l'acid hypochloreux); then the mixture must be agitated, and
after twenty-four or thirty hours. I add to it a quantity of sulphuric acid
(acide sulfurique), at fifty degrees, sufficient to transform all the lime
(chaux) of the submuriate into sulphur of lime (sulfate de chaux), which falls
to the bottom. A little time after the oil becomes limped, and to have it quite
pure it must be filtered; it is then ready for commercial as well as private 1
purposes..
My Invention principally consists in the successive use,―
Firstly, of alkale acid (acide alcalin), I could employ the soda (soude) or
the potash (potasse).
Secondly, of one submuriate or of chlorine (hypochlorite de chlore), I could 1
employ a solution of chlorine (solution de chlore), but the submuriates are
better. The submuriate of soda (hypochlorite de soude) or of potash (potasse)
would do as well as the submuriate of lime (hypochlorite de chaux), which I
prefer, on account of the moderate price..
Thirdly, of one acid which decomposes the salt, I prefer the sulphuric acid a
(acide sulfurique), but any other acid, if cheaper, would answer as well.
The above description clearly shows that my Invention is as perfect as pos-
sible, not only for the purification, clarification, and discoloration of the cotton
seed oil, but also on the important points of economy of expence, and time.
In witness thereof, I, the said Charles Briqueler, fils, have hereunto 2
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
CH. BRIQUELLK, FILS. (L.8.)
This is to certify that the above is the true
and genuine signature of Monsieur Ch.
Briqueler, fils, written before me at
Dunkirk, this 26th March 1857.
Consul's
Seal.
NIVEN KERR,
Consul.