IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES, CAKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles James Tinker, of Pontefract, in the County
of York, Liquorice Refiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES, CAKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES FROM
PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
"PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles James Tinker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1865.
I, CHARLES JAMES TINKER, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Liquorice
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES, CAKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," to be as follows;
3
201
DTS
The first part of this Invention relates to means of turning over the sheets
of paste after they have been levelled and polished on one side, for the
purpose of levelling and polishing them on the other. This consists of two
plates or jaws hinged separately on a bar forming a joint, so as to be capable
of opening and closing when operated. On this bar is a stem in the middle
projecting at right angles and forming an axis capable of being fitted
fitted into
bush or boss formed in another bar, which is supported at each end and
capable of turning on its axis in a frame capable of being moved up and down

page_text: by rack and pinions, levers and rods, or other suitable means, this bar being
held in position by a spring lever and stud pin. A lever handle may be fixed
on the end of the stem, which lever may be operated by hand, or a segment
lever or tooth wheel may be applied by the stem and operated by mechanical
means for effecting the turn over of the plates or jaws when in a proper
position for that purpose. The lower jaw is capable of opening, and being
lowered from the upper jaw for its outer ends to rest upon, at an inclination
to the travelling table or endless apron on which the sheets of paste are
travelling. The plates or jaws have a lateral reciprocating-motion given_to
them by means of a lever actuated by the teeth of the rack on the travelling
table, or by a tappet wheel suitably formed for the purpose and fixed on a
rotary shaft with a counteracting spring. As the table travels forward this
plate or jaw is gradually forced under the sheet of paste, and when a sufficient
length or quantity of the sheet is.got upon the plate or jaw it is cut off, and
the upper jaw lowered into contact with the lower.jaw and secured by catches;
they are then together. raised sufficiently high by the moveable frame so as 'to
allow of their being turned, over, after which they are again lowered and
opened to deliver the sheet of paste on the table, the movement of which is
.reversed.
,
The second part of the Invention relates to means of cutting rolls
Is of paste
into lengths and forming the same into lozenges or cakes and other shapes;
also to stamping them. A.travelling table is employed which may be either
grooved longitudinally to retain the rolls, or the table may be a plain surface
with guides fixed. on a frame above the table to guide and place the rolls in
proper, position as the table travels forward. Intermittent motion is given to
the table by any suitable means. A-knife is fixed on a bar which is capable
of moving in slides of stands fixed to the framing on each side of the table,
"the downward motion for cutting against the table being effected by a cam or
cams, and the upward by a spring or springs. This knife has a lateral move-
ment produced by another cam for effecting a clear separation of the nips on
cut portions of the rolls. On each side of the knife are spring scrapers
which operate thereon at each cut, and betwixt the scrapers and knife are
rubbers of felt or leather which are saturated with lubricating matter. Ar
'upright spindle is supported and capable of turning and sliding in bearing
attached to one of the stands. "To the spindle is a projecting arm in which
are a series of carriers (pointed pins) or grippers arranged so that each pi
will enter one of the nips or cut portions when at liberty to press thereon b
its own weight. The spindle is then caused to slide upwards by means of a
cam lifting the nips off the table, the said cam also causing the spindle t

page_text: turn on its axis so as to remove the nips to an upright board against which
they are placed for stamping. A series of stamps are mounted on a bar at
suitable distances apart, according to the distance apart of the nips or cut
pieces on the board. This bar is supported in suitable framing in which it is
capable of sliding laterally, being operated by means of a cam for pressing or
stamping, and a spring for withdrawing the stamps. A slight rocking motion
is given to this bar by another cam to loosen the stamps from the surfaces of
the lozenges which are left adhering to the board... The board is fixed in an
upright frame to which intermittent motion is given so as to move a certain
distance up or down at each operation of the stamps. This frame slides in
another frame fixed to the side of the main framing. A roller is placed in
front of the board under the stamps to press thereon and keep the surface
level. When an endless cloth is employed for conducting rolls to be cut and
stamped instead of a travelling table, the frame supporting the board on
which the cakes are stamped is placed at the end parallel with the knife, and
the carriers (pointed pins) or grippers are fixed in a frame which is capable
of moving laterally from the knife to the board, being guided in its transit by
grooves on each so formed as to produce a lift of the carriers or grippers, at
the commencement, and to lower again at the termination of the transit to
place the nips in front of the stamps.
jets of
The third part of this Invention relates to means of removing the lozenges,
cakes, or other articles from the stamps; for this purpose a jet or
compressed air or superheated steam is employed. Either a hole is made
through the shank of each stamp, opening to the face for the air or steam to
pass through against the lozenges or cake, or the stamp head is surrounded by
a. cover. or chamber on the shank, leaving an opening around the edge of the
said stamp for the air or steam to pass out and thus act on the edge of the
lozenge or cake to force it from the face of the stamp.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said Charles James Tinker in the Great Seal Patent Office ou
the 3rd April 1866.
1
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JAMES TINKER, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Liquorice Refiner,
send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign;
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles James Tinker, Her special licence that I, the said Charles James
Tinker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Charles James Tinker, my executors, administrators; and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LOZENGES, CAKES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Charles James Tinker, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately.
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles James Tinker, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying two Sheets of Drawings (that is
to say):
The first part of this Invention relates to means of turning over the sheets
of paste
after they have been levelled and polished on one side, for the purpose.
of levelling and polishing them on the other. This consists of two plates or
jaws hinged separately on a bar forming a joint, so as to be capable of
opening and closing when operated. On this bar is a stem in the middle
projecting at right angles and forming an axis capable of being fitted into a
bush or boss formed in another bar, which is supported at each end and
capable of turning on its axis in a frame capable of being moved up and down
by rack and pinions, levers and rods, or other suitable means; this bar being
held in position by a spring lever and stud pin. A lever handle may be
fixed on the end of the stem, which lever may be operated. by hand, or a
segment lever or tooth wheel may be applied to the stem-and-operated by
mechanical means for effecting the turn over of the plates or jaws when in a
proper position for that purpose. The lower jaw is capable of opening and
being lowered from the upper jaw for, its outer ends to rest upon, and at an
inclination to the travelling table or endless cloth on which the sheets of paste
are travelling. The plates or jaw's liave a latteral reciprocating motion

page_text: given to them by means of a lever actuated by the teeth of the rack on the
travelling table, or by a tappet wheel suitably formed for the purpose and,
fixed on a rotary shaft with a counteracting spring. As the table travels.
forward this plate or jaw is gradually forced under the sheet of paste, and
when a sufficient length or of the sheet is got upon the plate or jaw it is.
cut off, and the upper jaw lowered into contact with the lower jaw, and
secured by catches; they are then together raised sufficiently high by the
moveable frame as to allow of their being turned over, after which they are
again lowered and opened to deliver the sheet of paste on the table, the
movement of which being reversed.
The second part of the Invention relates to means of cutting rolls of paste
into lengths, and forming the same into lozenges or cakes and other shapes ;.
also to stamping them. A travelling table is employed,, which may be either
grooved longitudinally to-retain the rolls, or the table may be a plain surface
with guides fixed on a frame above the table to guide and place the rolls in
proper position as the table travels forward... Intermittent motion is given
to the table by any suitable means. A knife is fixed on a bar which is
capable of moving in slides of stands fixed to the framing on each side of the
table; the downward motion for cutting against the table being effected by a
cam or cams, and the upward by a spring or springs. This knife has a latteral
movement produced by another cam for effecting a clear separation of the
nips or cut portions from the rolls. On each side of the knife are spring
scrapers which operate thereon at each cut, and betwixt the scrapers and
knife are rubbers of felt or leather, which are saturated with lubricating
matter. An upright spindle is supported and capable of turning and sliding
in bearing attached to one of the stands. To the spindle is a projecting arm
in which are a series of carriers (points, pins,) or grippers, arranged so that
each pin will enter one of the nips or cut portions when at liberty to press
thereon by its own weight. The spindle is then caused to slide upwards, by
means of a cam lifting the nips of the table, the said cam also causing the
spindle to turn on its axis so as to remove the nips to an upright board against
which they are placed for stamping. A series of stamps are mounted on a
bar at suitable distances apart, according to the distance apart of the nips or
cut pieces on the board. This bar is supported in suitable framing in which
it is capable of sliding latterally, being operated by means of a cam for
pressing or stamping and a spring for withdrawing the stamp. A slight
rocking motion is given to this bar by another cam, to loosen the stamps from
.board
the surfaces of the lozenges which are left adhering to the board. The be
is fixed in an upright frame to which intermittent move is given
so as to

page_text: move a certain distance up or down at each operation of the stamps. This
frame slides in another frame fixed to the sides of the main framing. A roller
is placed in front of the board under the stamps to press thereon and keep
the surface level. When an endless cloth is employed for conducting rolls to
be cut and stamped instead of a travelling table, the frame supporting the
board on which the cakes are stamped is placed at the end parallel with the
knife, and the carriers (pointed pins) or grippers are fixed in a frame which
is capable-of-moving latterally from the knife to the board, being guided in its
transit by grooves on each side so formed as to produce a lift of the carriers
or grippers at the commencement, and to lower again at the termination of
the transit to place the nips in front of the stamps.
The third part of this Invention relates to means of removing the lozenges,
bakes, or other articles from the stamps; for this purpose a jet or jets of com-
pressed air or superheated steam is employed. Either a hole is made through
the shank of each stamp, opening to the face for the air or steam to pass
through against the lozenge or cake, or the stamp head is surrounded by a
cover or chamber on the shank, leaving an opening around the edge of the
'said stamps for the air or steam to pass out and thus act on the edge of the
lozenge or cake to force it from the face of the stamps.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS..
Fig. 1 is an end elevation; Fig. 2 is a side elevation, and Fig. 3 is a plan
of apparatus constructed in accordance with the first part of my Invention.
A and 'A' are the two plates or jaws hinged to a bar B, in the middle of
which is a stem forming an axis capable of turning in the boss C fixed on the
bar or shaft D, which is supported and capable of turning in bearings E.
These bearings are fitted to and capable of sliding up and down on the upright
stands G, to which stands are fixed brackets H, supporting a shaft I, on which
are two toothed pinions 3 gearing in racks K; which are fixed to the bearings E.
A handle L is applied to the shaft I, by the turming of which the plates or
jaws are raised or lowered as required. A spring lever M is fixed on the shaft
D, and when it is passed under a stud pin N holds the upper plate horizontal,
and when it is released from the stud the said plate can be lowered upon the
other plate and fastened thereto by the lock bar P. The shaft D is also
capable of sliding endwise or reciprocating, so as to produce latteral motion
of the plates by means of a tappet or cam R fixed upon an upright shaft R
caused to act against a counteracting spring S. The shaft has partial rotary
motion communicated to it by a connecting rod T, from a crank U, fixed on
the shaft V, which is operated by means of a handle V', and which also gives

page_text: motion to the travelling table W, or to an endless apron. The action of the
apparatus is as follows:-When a sheet of the paste Y has been levelled and
polished on one side, the lower jaw or plate A¹ is placed at an incline, as shewii
in Fig. 2, with its outer end (which is made thin) resting on the table or end-
less apron, and the table is then moved forward by turning the handle Vi, and
simultaneously therewith a latteral motion is given to the jaws, which enables
the lower one to work its way under the paste until a sufficient length is got
upon the jaw, when it is cut off. The upper jaw is then lowered-upon the
paste, and fastened to the lower jaw by the lock bar P, as shewn at Figs. 3
aud 4. Both of the jaws and paste are then raised to the horizontal position by
means of the lever M, and secured by the pin N, when they are further raised
by the handle L sufficiently high above the table to allow them to be turned
over, which is effected by means of the handle Z fixed on the stem of the
bar B, the plates or jaws being thus inverted. They are then lowered to the
position shewn in the Drawings by inverse proceeding, when the travelling
table or endless apron is moved in the contrary direction and the paste
'delivered thereon from the jaws in a similar but reverse manner to the taking
of it off. The motion of the table or endless apron may be either continuous
as herein shewn, or intermittent as in machinery employed in the second part
of this Invention herein-after shewn and described.
Fig. 5 is an end elevation; Fig. 6 is the front elevation; Figaris tho
'back side elevation; and Fig. 8 is a plan of apparatus constructed in accord
ance.with the second part of this Invention. A is the travelling table wliich
consists of a metal frame a¹, supported on slide rails formed or fixed on
suitable framework B, and a panel of wood or other suitable material a²
fitting loosely within the frame a', and supported on springs a³, fixed on ȧ
rack rail a', to which also the frame is attached, gearing into a pinion a³, by
which the table is driven. The table or pannel is provided with any convenient
number of longitudinal grooves to hold rolls of paste for cutting, and cross
grooves are formed therein to the same depth to admit of the knife cutting
through the rolls of paste, as shewn full size a Fig. 9. Intermittent motion
is communicated to the table by the handle C, fixed on a shaft C', on which
is also fixed a stud-plate C, to the stud of which is attached a rod C³, attached
'to a lever C, carrying a tumbler catch which takes into a ratchet wheel C
fixed on the shaft C; on which is fixed the pinions' a". Adjoining the aforesaid
ratchet is another ratchet with it teeth formed in: reverse direction, so that
by turning the tumbler on the other side of the lever it takes into this other
ratchet, and the table will thereby be moved in the contrary direction, or the
table may be reversed by a cord passing over a pulley with a weight Cattached.

page_text: A knife D is fixed on a bar D¹, which is carried in bosses D capable of
sliding up and down in stands D³. Cams D fixed upon the shaft C¹
act upon friction. pulleys..Ds, running loose on the bar or shaft D', and
press the knife against the table when the machine is in action, cutting the
rolls into suitable lengths. or nips, and springs De act on pins fixed in the
bosses to raise the knife. Another cam. E is fixed on the shaft C', which
acts against a lever E¹; fixed on the. knife. bar immediately after each
cut on-the table, by which the knife. is caused to oscillate, the edge moving
forward so as to effect a clear-separation of the nips or parts cut from the
rolls, the cross grooves being made. sufficiently-wide to allow of this
movement, as will be seen at Fig. 9. On each side of the knife is a spring-
scraper F, attached to bars F, which are supported in brackets F, fixed
to the framing of the machine. The knife and its bar with the scrapers
are shewn in full size section at Fig: 10, where also will be seen that
betwixt the scrapers and knife are pieces of felt or other suitable material
F³, saturated with lubricating matter. An upright. spindle Gis, capable
of both turning and sliding in bearings fixed to the frame,, and on. which
is a projecting arm G¹ carrying a series of pointed pins G2, as shewn full
size at Fig. 11, or grippers, as shewn at Fig. 12, arranged centrally with each
longitudinal groove in the table, so that each point will, enter a.nip. of the
paste when allowed to drop, and will lift them when the spindle is raised, which
is effected by a cam H fixed on the shaft Cacting on a finger. H' fixed on the
top end of the spindle G, and this.cam also by continued action on the finger
causes the spindle G to turn upon its axis to a position at right angles to the
former position, carrying the arm G' with its pins or grippers and the cut nips
thereon, and placing them against a vertical board I. on the side of the
machine, where the nips are lowered into position on a moveable rest I, ready
to be impressed by the,series of stamps J. These stamps are fixed in the bar
on frame J', which is supported in,slot plates J2, and has a compound motion
imparted to it by cams J³ and,J', acting on prongs J and. Je of the frame.
The former cam pushes forward the frame with the stamps to make the
impression; and that latter lifts that end of the frame, causing the stamps to
be loosened from the lozenges, which are left, adhering to the board I. The
action of these cams will be easily understood by reference to Fig. 13, which
is drawn full size. These cams, are fixed on a short shaft, on which is a crank
or lever and stud pin K, taking into a slot hole in a slidable,upright rod
K', which is operated upon by a cam K² fixed on the shaft C', acting on a
friction pulley K³ on a stud fixed in the upright rod. A spiral spring K,
operating in the opposite direction, lifts the upright rod K', and another spring
.

page_text: K withdraws the stamp frame. After the return of the stamp frame the arm
G is brought to its former position by the action of an cam L fixed on the
shaft C', which at the proper time acts on another finger L' fixed on the
top of the spindle G. . The spindle and its arm are held in either position
steady by a stud L fixed thereto, which drops into notches in a plate fixed to
the frame shewn at Fig. 14. The rest I¹ is lifted into position by means of a
lever I which is hinged on the framing and actuated by the shaft G when
dropping or lowering the nips to be-stamped, and it is lowered when the shaft
rises, which takes place so soon as the stamps come in contact with the nips
holding them to the board, thus allowing the lozenges to be spread out on the
board by the stamping and impressing process. The board I is placed in a slidable
frame M, and intermittent motion is given to it by rack and pinion N,
actuated by catch and ratchet wheel O, which receives motion by rod P from
'the crank plate. This frame slides on another frame Q fixed to the main
framing; sometimes it is required to stamp the nips cut from rolls on the
sides instead of the. ends; for this purpose. I fix,small pinions on the pins or
grippers, and mount the said pins or grippers in, suitable bearings in which
they can rotate, and I apply a rack to gear in the pinions, which rack. I hinge
on a stud eccentric to the upright spindle G to such extent as to give the
required difference of motion to turn the pins, one-fourth of the revolution.
This is shewn at Fig. 15.
:
Fig. 16 is the front side elevation; Fig. 17 is the back side elevation;
and Fig. 18 is a plan of a machine constructed so as to employ an endless
cloth instead of a travelling table for conducting the rolls to be cut and
stamped. The knife and other parts in connection therewith are of similar
construction, arrangement, and manner of operation to the machine previously
described. A is the endless cloth which is stretched around two rollers B, and
intermittent motion is given to it by means of a ratchet wheel C fixed on one
of the roller shafts, a catch and lever D, and a rod E, which is connected to
the crank or stud plate F fixed on the main driving shaft; G is the frame
carrying the stamping board, which is placed at the end of the machine and
worked by rack and pinion G', ratchet wheel, catch, and lever G2, and rod G³,
also attached to the stud plate F; the carriers (pointed pins or grippers) are
attached to a frame H, which is fixed parallel to the knife on rods. H², and
capable of sliding in slots H. Motion is given to this frame and rods by
tumblers I fixed on shafts bearing in the framing, and actuated by crank and
rod I connected to an eccentric I, fixed on the main shaft. These tumblers
act against suitably formed projections on the rods. Grooves J are formed on
the framing, and pins are fixed on the rods to slide in the grooves, which are so

page_text: formed as to cause a lifting of the rods and frame at the commencement of
the transit of the frame with its carriers, and a droping at the termination
when transferring the nips from the knife to be stamped. The stamps are
attached to a bar or frame K, which is supported by pins or pivots in slot
plates L and upon cams M, by which it is operated for stamping in the same
manner as previously described. Guides N are attached to and supported by
bearers C.for conducting the rolls under the knife.
The third part of this Invention will be readily understood by reference to
Fig. 19, which is a (full-size)-section_of_a stamp, and the bar on which it is
fixed constructed so as to admit compressed air or superheated steam-betwixt..
the face of the stamp and the lozenge, both through the centre of the stamp
and around the edge thereof. The manner of supplying the air. or steam is
shewn by dotted lines B in Fig. 18, which may be a flexible pipe attached
to one of the pivots of the bar or frame K. Suitable materials to prevent the
paste sticking to the machinery may be applied by hand.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles James Tinker, have hereunto set
my hand' and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-six.
CHARLES JAMES TINKER.. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Charles James.
Tinker, in the presence of
WM. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.