Improvements in Twisting Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th July, 1894 -Accepted, 17th July, 1595
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Twisting Machines.
I, GEORGE LOOMIS BROWNELL, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester and
State of Massachusetts, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for Improvements in Twisting Machines, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates more especially to that class of twisting machines which
are designed to twist a strip or ribbon of paper into a cord or twine; but certain
portions of my invention are equally adapted to twisting machines for twisting
several strands of fibrous material into a single cord or twine.
In the following description reference is made to the figures in the accompanying
drawings, which show such portions of a twisting machine as embody my invention
and are necessary to fully illustrate the nature of the same.
Fig. 1 represents a side view of a twisting machine embodying my invention, a
portion of the frame-work having been removed in order to disclose the twisting
mechanism.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the twisting mechanism similar to that represented in
Fig. 1 but on a larger scale, the upper portion, shown in Fig. 3, being represented
in central vertical sectional view.
Fig. 3 is a central sectional view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2, the section
being taken on line 3, 3, Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the device for adjusting the tension of the driving belt by
which the twisting spindle and stretching drums are driven.
Fig. 5 is a detached view of the pivoted arm and tightening pulley for varying
the tension of the twisting belt.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the adjustable swinging arm upon which the roll of paper
to be twisted is carried and
Fig. 7 is a top view of the compressor stand K and compressor pins K³, K².
My invention relates to that class of twisting machines which is designed to twist
a strip, or ribbon of paper into a twine or cord; but that portion of the machine,
which is directly concerned in the operation of imparting a twist to the strip of
paper, is also adapted to and can be employed in machines for twisting a twine or
cord composed of fibrous material, such as cotton, linen etc., and my invention
consists in the construction and arrangement of parts as hereinafter set forth and
pointed out in the annexed claims.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, in which like parts are indicated by
like letters of reference, A denotes the frame-work of the machine which supports
a series of twisting mechanisms, which are duplicates of each other and are arranged
in parallel rows upon opposite sides of the machine; one of these twisting mechanisms
is disclosed in Fig. 1 by the removal of a portion of the end frame-work of the
machine, upon the right hand side of the figure.
Journalled in the frame-work is a horizontal driving shaft B receiving rotary
notion from a counter-shaft or a main line of shafting through a belt pulley B¹
and carrying scored pulleys having belt connections with the twisting mechanisms;
ne of these pulleys is shown at B³ connected by a belt B³ with the scored pulleys C
nd C¹.
The scored pulley C is attached to a spindle C₁ formed in two sections; an

page_text: upper hollow section C³, to which the scored pulley C is attached and a lower
section C³, the sections C and C' have their axes in alignment and are connected
by a frame-work consisting of the cross bars C and C³ connected by the vertical
bars C, C*.
The upper section C' is journalled at its upper end in a horizontal rail A' and has
its lower end attached to the cross bar C¹.
The lower section C has its upper end attached to the cross bar C³ and its lower
end supported in a step bearing A on the horizontal rail A', so the upper and lower
sections and intermediate frame-work will be rotated as a single piece by the rotation
of the scored pulley C.
8
Rotating about the upper section C³ of the spindle is a scored pulley C¹ having
pinion D attached thereto engaging the gears D', D' which are attached to
spindles D, D' journalled in the cross bars C and C and carrying the scored
stretching drums D³, D'; so the rotation of the scored pulley C₁ will rotate the
stretching drums D³, D' independently of the spindle.
Depending from the under side of the cross bar C are two rods D', D* having
eyes D, D at their lower ends and forming flyer-arms, which are carried, by the
rotation of the spindle Ca, about a winding spool De held loosely on the lower
section C³ of the spindle. The spool D is supported upon a traversing rail E
which is attached to a sliding frame E' capable of a vertical sliding movement
upon the fixed rods E², by means of a traversing mechanism such as is now in use,
and consisting of a chain E3 attached to the sliding frame E¹ and passing over a
guide roll E with its opposite end attached to a drum E carried upon a shaft E
and alternately rotated in opposite directions by a mangle wheel E7 driven in the
usual manner by a pinion, not shown, carried upon a shaft E which is rotated by a
pulley E having a belt connection with the main driving shaft B. The reciprocating
motion of the drum E' through the chain E3 imparts a rising and falling motion to
the traversing rail E and winding spool D, causing the twisted cord as conducted
through one of the eyes Ds in the flyer-arms to be uniformly laid upon the winding
spool. The above described portion of the machine which is concerned in imparting
a rising and falling motion to the winding spool for the purpose of laying the
twisted cord evenly thereon, forms no part of my present invention it being old and
well known.
A single driving belt B³, is made to drive both pulleys C, C' by being carried
from the pulley B around the scored pulley C³, then around a tightening pulley F
and from the tightening pulley F around the scored pulley C', then back to the
scored pulley B. The tightening pulley F turns loosely upon a stud F¹ held in a
swinging arm F' pivotel to a bracket F attached to the fixed frame-work of the
machine.
Pivoted upon the upper end of the stud F' is a flat bar F, provided with a series
of holes F arranged to be engaged by a pin F held in the frame of the machine.
By disengaging the bar F, from the pin F, and pushing it inward the belt B³ will
be tightened so as to operatively connect the pulleys C, C₁ with the driving
pulley B and by withdrawing the bar the belt B will be loosened and the
pulleys C, C disconnected from the driving power. By the tightening mechanism
just described, each of the twisting mechanisms can be independently connected
with or disconnected from a common driving shaft; allowing each of the twisting
spindles to be stopped when desired, and the tension of the driving belt can also be
accurately adjusted, in order to maintain the proper speed of the spindle and
stretching drums.
Mounted upon the rail A' is a supporting bracket G having upper and lower
arms G¹ and G and from the arm G'a post G extends upwardly, supporting at its
upper end two parallel wires G, G forming a guide to conduct the paper strip or
ribbon to the twisting mechanism. The strip, or ribbon of paper is wound in a coil
indicated by the broken line H and is supported upon a stud H' projecting from
one side of a swinging arm H' loosely supported upon a rod H' held by the frame-work
of the machine and provided with fixed collars H*, H*.

page_text: The arm H' is provided upon one side with a stud H' and upon the opposite side
with a similar stud H, see Fig. 6.
In the operation of the machine the coil of paper H is placed upon the stud H¹
and the arm H' moved on the rod H³ against the fixed collar H*, thereby bringing
the stud H¹ and coil of paper H in alignment with the guide wires G*.
When it becomes necessary to supply a fresh coil of paper it is placed upon the
stud He and the arm upon the opposite side of the arm H is slid along upon the
rod H³ against the collar H bringing the stud H and the coil of paper held
thereon into alignment with the guide wires G'; the shifting of the arm H' from
one side to the other allowing the coils of paper to be changed without interrupting
the operation of the machine.
The upper arm G₁ supports a removable tube I inclosing a cylindrical chamber I'
extending nearly throughout its length and having at its lower end a contracted
concentric opening or hole forming a die I. Supported also by the arm G¹ is a
U-shaped wire J having one end J¹ removably held in the arm G and the other
end J inclosed concentrically within the chamber I¹ so as to form an annular
space J around the end of the wire.
Supported upon the arm G is a vertical stand K having a central hole K' with
its axis in alignment with the axis of the chamber I' and also with the axis of the
revolving spindle section C. Compressor pins K, K' are held in ways at the
upper end of the stand K placed obliquely to the axis of the hole K¹ and having
their upper ends bevelled to form the surfaces K' in each of which is a groove K+,
Fig. 2, so that when the surfaces K³ are brought together, as represented in Fig. 3,
an opening will be formed through which the cord passes into the hole K'. The
compressor pins K' are held from rotation in their ways by means of pins K³ which
enter grooves K in the stand K.
The lower ends of the compressor pins K2 are supported upon a collar K',
capable of sliding vertically upon the stand K and resting upon one arm of a
pivoted lever K which is provided with a sliding weight upon its opposite arm in
order to raise the collar K' and compressor pins K, K' and bring their upper and
bevelled ends against the twisted cord.
As the compressor pins K³, K³ slide in oblique ways the angular motion of the
lever K8 will raise the collar K' and cause the grooved upper ends of the
pins K, K to be pressed against the cord formed from the paper ribbon with
sufficient pressure to prevent the twist from running past the compressor pins.
Turning loosely upon studs held in the vertical bars C, C are scored guide
rolls L, L so placed that their inner edges will be tangential to the axis C³ of the
spindle and their lower edges tangential to the upper grooves in the scored
stretching drums D³.
Between the scored pulley C¹ and pinion D is a hub N at the lower end of which
a flange N¹ is formed having its edges N' turned downward to inclose and protect
the gears D', D¹.
The journal bearing in the rail A¹ for the upper end of the section C³ of the
spindle is elongated at its lower portion, as at O, Fig. 2 in order to allow the
spindle to be raised to clear the step bearing and permit the lower end of
the spindle to be carried forward so the spool De can be removed.
space
J';
the
The strip of paper to be twisted is conducted from the coil H between the guide
wires G' through the forming tube I; the strip of paper being bent around the end J'
of the wire J, so as to form a paper tube inclosed in the annular
periphery of the chamber I' being preferably equal to the width of the paper strip
so as to nearly or quite bring the opposite edges of the paper strip together
forming a continuous paper tube around the interior surface of the chamber I₁; the
paper tube being held expanded by the inclosed end of the wire J.
From the chamber I¹ the paper tube is conducted through the contracted hole I'
which causes the paper tube formed around J to be collapsed or contracted in
diameter by the formation of a series of longitudinal creases in the tube; the
collapsed tube as it leaves the hole 12 passes through the groove K* formed in the.

page_text: bevelled ends of the compressor pins K' and through the hole K' in the stand J
and the hollow section C of the spindle.
The cord is conducted from the hollow section C2 of the spindle around one of
the guide pulleys L and around the several grooves in the stretching drums D³.
From the stretching drums D the cord is carried over the edge of the lower
cross bar C³ and through one of the eyes D³ of the flyer arms D' to the winding
spool.
A rotary motion is imparted to the spindle C through the scored pulley C
rotating the bars C and C which carry the flyer-rods D*, D*, thereby imparting
a twist to the ribbon through that section which is coincident with the axis of the
spindle C, the twisting action being however limited by the pressure exerted upon
the ribbon by the upper ends of the compressor pins K³, K², thereby preventing
the twist from extending upward into the forming tube I. This limitation of the
twisting action is one of the chief objects in placing the compressor pins K³, K²
between the forming tube I' and the rotating flyer rods D', D.
The
The arm G' is split diametrically with the hole containing the stand K, by a
slot M and the stand K is held in the arm by means of a clamping screw a.
stand K and sliding collar K' are also cut open on one side by vertical slots M³, M³,
forming a communication with the hole K."
The slot M in the side of the stand K and the slot M' in the sliding collar K
are in alignment with the slot M in the arm. G', allowing the cord to be carried
into the hole K from the side instead of requiring to be entered endwise through
the hole K¹.
The operation of the machine is as follows: A. rapid rotary motion is imparted
to the revolving spindle C and flyer arms D through the scored pulley C;
imparting a twist to that section of the cord extending from the guide pulley L to
the bevelled ends K of the compressor pins K2; the pressure of the compressor
pins K' upon the cord limiting the twist to the section of the cord below the pins.
The employment of the compressor pins between the rotating twisting mechanism
and the die I preventing the twist from extending upward and entering the die.
During the twisting operation, as described, the stretching drums are rotated
through the scored pulley C¹ and intermediate gearing, causing the cord to be
drawn from the coil H and delivered to the flyer arms D'; the drag of the
spool D upon the traversing rail E, causing the twisted cord to be wound upon
the spool.
The amount of twist which will be imparted to any given length of cord being
determined, of course, by the relative speed of the twisting drums D³ and the
twisting spindle C; the relative speed of the two being determined by the relative
size of the scored drums C and C.
I do not herein claim the use of the tube I inclosing a wire and having an annular
space between the wire and the interior wall of the tube, neither do I herein claim
the employment of the contracted opening 1' forming a die, as these features were
described and claimed in my British Patent, No. 15,091 of 1892. In the machine
forming the subject of my present invention I employ a U-shaped wire J having
one end J¹ removably held in the fixed frame-work of the machine and the opposite
end J'inclosed in the tube. I do not herein claim broadly the employment of a com-
pressor as such have been in common use in twisting machines for making cord or
twine, but I deem it to be new in a twisting machine adapted for forming a paper
cord or twine from a paper strip or ribbon to arrange the several parts in the order
I have described, viz., a coil holder upon which the paper strip or ribbon is
supported; a rotating twisting mechanism by which a twist is imparted to the cord
and the cord is drawn from the holder and delivered to the winding spool with a
tube as I and die as 'interposed between the twisting mechanism and the coil
holder and with the compressor interposed between the twisting mechanism and the
die by which the extent of twist along the cord is limited and prevented from
entering the die, whereby I am able to complete the crimping of the paper tube
before the same is twisted by the rotating twisting mechanism.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In an organized machine, the combination of a coil holder by which the
material to be twisted is supported, a rotating twisting mechanism by which the
material to be twisted is drawn from the coil holder and twisted, a die I between
said coil holder and said twisting mechanism, and a compressor located between
said die and said twisting mechanism, whereby the twisting action is limited and
prevented from extending into said die, substantially as described.
2. In a twisting mechanism, the combination with a coil-holder by which the
material to be twisted is supported and a rotating twisting mechanism by which
the material to be twisted is drawn from said coil holder, of a tube I inclosing a
chamber and having a concentric contracted opening 12 and a U-shaped wire J
having one of its ends supported by the frame-work of the machine, but removable
therefrom and having its opposite end inclosed in said tube so as to form an annular
space, substantially as described.
3. In a twisting machine the coil holder consisting of a fixed rod, an arm suspended
from said rod and capable of sliding thereon, coil supporting studs projecting from
the opposite sides of said arm, capable of being brought alternately into alignment
with the twisting mechanism, substantially as described.
4. In a machine for twisting cord, the combination of a fixed arm supporting a
hollow compressor stand and provided with a slot on one side, a hollow compressor
stand supported by said arm and having a slot coinciding with the slot in said arm
and communicating with the interior of said stand and a pair of compressor pius
held by said slotted stand and arranged to bear against the cord, substantially as
described.
5. The combination in a rotating twisting mechanism, of a hollow spindle
section C², a pulley C and a spindle section C³, said spindle sections C2 and C³
being connected by a frame-work, and a stretching mechanism carried by said
frame-work, substantially as described.
6. The combination of the hollow spindle section C³, journalled at its upper end
by the frame-work of the machine, spindle section C supported at its lower end by
a step bearing, cross bar C attached to the lower end of said hollow spindle section,
cross bar Cattached to the upper end of the lower spindle section, a vertical bar
connecting said cross bars, spindles journalled in said cross bars and carrying
stretching drums and gears D', D', scored pulley C' turning loosely on said hollow
pindle section, pinion D carried by said scored pulley and engaging said gears D', D',
scored pulley attached to said hollow spindle section, flyer arms carried by said
ross bar C' and a winding spool carried by said spindle section C³, substantially as
escribed.
7. In a twisting machine, the combination of pulley C and a twisting mechanism
onnected with said pulley, a pulley Cand stretching mechanism connected with
aid pulley C', a driving pulley having a belt connection with said pulleys C and C¹,
n intermediate pulley, a pivoted arm supporting said tightening pulley, a belt
onnecting the driving pulley, the pulleys C and C' and the tightening pulley, a
ipper bar F connected with said pivoted arm and provided with a series of
les F and a pin F held by the frame-work of the machine and engaging one of
id holes, substantially as described.
Dated this Second day of July 1894