IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OE: ARTIFICIAL FUXE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Crispin, of Stratford, in the
County of Essex; for-the-Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OE: ARTIFICIAL FUXE."""
Sealed the 23rd February 1869, and dated the 5th September 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by, the. said, William Henry Crispin
at the Office of, the Commissioners of. Patents, with his. Petition,
on the 5th. September 1868..
I, WILLIAM HENRY CRISPIN, .of Stratford, in the County, of 'Essex, do
hereby declare the nature. of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be, as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the manufacture
of artificial fuel,' and is applicable to the treatment of anthracite as
well as bituminous coal of any description, and 'also to any combination
of anthracite and "bituminous coal.

page_text: stearine pitch, cotton seed oil pitch, or other analogous vegetable pitch,
such pitch having been previously dissolved in about an equal weight
of creosote, "dead" or "heavy" oil resulting from the distillation of
coal tar, or any hydrocarbon fluid or fluids possessing similar solvent
powers. To these materials about three per cent. by weight of lime
and three per cent. of chloride of sodium (common salt) are added.
By preference the coal, lime, and salt are mixed together in a dry
state, and then the dissolved pitch is added. In some cases it will be
found that the quality of the fuel is improved by adding thereto a
small quantity of common salt in the state of brine just before the intro-
duction of the dissolved pitch.
The abovementioned proportions are approximate only, as they may
be in some degree varied according to the nature of the coal employed
and the character which it is desired the fuel shall possess.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Henry Crispin in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY CRISPIN, of Stratford, in the County of Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Henry Crispin, Her special
licence that I, the said William Henry Crispin, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Henry Crispin,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said William Henry Crispin, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or

page_text: their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Crispin, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists in certain improvements in the manufacture
of artificial fuel, and is applicable to the treatment of anthracite coal
as well as bituminous coal of any description, and also to any com-
bination of anthracite and bituminous coal.
"
The fuel is formed by taking about one ton of coal in a pulverised
state and adding thereto about six or seven per cent. by weight of
stearine pitch, cotton seed oil pitch, or other analogous vegetable pitch,
the same having been previously dissolved in about an equal weight
of creosote, or "dead" or "heavy oil resulting from the distillation
of coal tar, or in any hydrocarbon fluid or fluids possessing similar.
solvent powers. The coal and pitch having been thus combined, about
three per cent. by weight of lime and three per cent. of chloride of
sodium (common salt) are added. By preference however the coal,
lime, and salt are mixed together in a dry state, and then the dissolved
pitch is added. In some cases it will be found that the quality of
the fuel is improved by adding thereto a small quantity of common salt
in the state of brine just before the introduction of the dissolved pitch.
The above-mentioned proportions must be considered as approximate
only, as they may be in some degree varied according to the nature of
the coal employed and the character which it is desired the fuel shall
possess. The materials thus combined. as before mentioned are sub-
mitted to the requisite pressure and divided into blocks of the desired
size by means of any machinery or appliances adapted to the purpose.
An important advantage which is possessed by the artificial fuel
manufactured in accordance with my said Invention is that the pitch
and the hydrocarbon fluid or fluids in which it has been dissolved not
only agglomerate and cause cohesion between the particles of coal with

page_text: which they.are.combined, but also from their combustible nature greatly
increase the heating qualities of the resulting fuel.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my, said Invention,
and the manner in which it is to be performed, I would observe in
conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is, the manufacture of artificial fuel substan-
tially as herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Crispin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
R. S: MORDAUNT VAUGHAN,
54; Chancery Lane.
W. H. CRISPIN. (L.S.)