NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR THE PREPARATION OF WARPS OF JUTE, HEMP, FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS "
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Rattray Malcolm and George Malcolm junior both
of Dundee in the County of Forfar North Britain for an Invention of "NEW
OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR THE PREPARATION OF WARPS OF JUTE, HEMP,
FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Rattray Malcolm
& George Malcolm, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 2nd December 1882.
DAVID RATTRAY MALCOLM, and GEORGE MALCOLM, junior, both of Dundee, in
the County of Forfar, North Britain, "NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR THE
PREPARATION OF WARPS OF JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
"
This Invention relates to improvements in warping machines for preparing warps
of Jute or other fibrous materials and has for its object to obtain equal warps, that
is to say, warps in which all the threads are of the same length, and to obtain
warps which are more suitable for weaving than those prepared by the ordinary
warping mill, and warps of more "cuts" than can be obtained by the ordinary
mill.
In carrying our improvements into operation, the yarn having been previously
wound from the spinning on to warp bobbins by any suitable mechanism, is
placed in a "bank" of the required number and thence passed through a frame
containing preferably two reeds by means of which a "close" lease or "pin" lease
can be made on the warp as desired. The yarn is conducted therefrom to a bar
bent to a right angular shape which bar acts as a doubling or contracting plate and
is so applied to the yarn that the yarn is contracted by the said bar and leaving
the bar enters a series of rollers in the form of a sliver. The said rollers are for the
purpose of measuring the yarn and consists preferably of three rollers which are
mounted the one resting upon and between the lower two.--The two lower rollers
which are the measuring rollers are of such known circumference that upon registering
the number of their revolutions the length of the warp can be determined. The

page_text: warp after passing the measuring rollers as herein before described is passed
upwards over rollers to a "keeling" or marking apparatus and therefrom to
delivering rollers. The warp is delivered down from the said rollers to a funnel
shaped conductor of tin or other suitable material. The said conductor is so
suspended upon an axis that an oscillating motion is imparted thereto preferably by
an arrangement of crank and lever operated by gearing upon the machine.
Immediately beneath the said conductor, swinging plates are suspended which
are caused to oscillate in contrary direction or at right angles to the conductor.
By means of the aforesaid oscillating motion imparted to the warp as it descends
from the delivering rollers, the warp is delivered in regular folds or layers into a
bag or receptacle placed beneath the oscillating plates, so as to fill the whole of the
receptacle. The said receptacle consists preferably of a bag having within it a
cylinder of tin or other suitable material which keeps the bag surrounding it,
extended, during the process of filling; the said cylinder being removed after the
warp has been cut off.
Another part of our Invention consists in the use of a differential motion for
driving the machine by preference that known as Combe's expanding cones, by means
of which any desired speed can be given to the yarn and the machine can be gradually
and evenly started or stopped and thus breakage of the yarn either by sudden jerk
or by over running of the bobbins at the "bank" be avoided.-This is effected by
mounting the expanding cones upon a shaft which is supported by the driving
rope which is operated by the cones and which is passed round overhead pulleys.
The said shaft is arranged parallel with the main driving shaft and connected
thereto by levers or arms which are jointed or pivotted to the said main driving
shaft. The cone shaft is operated by gearing from the main shaft and by virtue of
the construction of the expanding cones when the extent of driving surface of the
same is made of greater or less diameter by bringing the two cones closer together
or further apart the rotation or speed of the overhead or operating pulleys of the
machine is correspondingly altered.
The adjusting of the expanding cones may be regulated by a hand wheel at the
side of the machine and the speed of the yarn can thus as hereinbefore described
be regulated as desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said David Rattray Malcolm & George Malcolm, junior, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 2nd June 1883.
DAVID RATTRAY MALCOLM and GEORGE MALCOLM, junior, both of Dundee in
the County of Forfar, North Britain. "NEW OR IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR THE
PREPARATION OF WARPS OF JUTE, HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
Our said Invention relates to improvements in warping machines for preparing
warps of Jute or other fibrous materials and has for its object to obtain equal
warps, that is to say, warps in which all the threads are of the same length, and
which are more suitable for weaving than those prepared by the ordinary warping
mill besides being of more "cuts " and of greater length than can be obtained by
the ordinary mill.
"
In carrying our improvements into operation, the yarn having been previously
wound from the spinning on to warp bobbins by any suitable mechanism is placed
in a bank" of the required number, and thence passed through a reed frame
containing preferably two reeds by means of which a "close lease or "pin lease
as is well understood can be made on the warp as desired.-The yarn is conducted
therefrom to a bar bent to an angular shape which bar acts as a doubling
or contracting plate or guide and is so applied to the yarn, that the yarn is con-
tracted or pressed together between the arms of the said bar, and leaving the bar
enters a series of rollers in the form of a sliver.-The said series of rollers is for tho
purpose of measuring the yarn and consists preferably of three rollers which are so
mounted that the upper one rests upon and between the two lower rollers.-The
two lower rollers which are the measuring rollers are of such known circumference
that upon registering the number of their revolutions the length of the warp can
be determined. The warp after passing the measuring rollers as herein before
described is carried upwards over rollers to a "keeling or marking apparatus
and therefrom to delivering rollers.-The warp is delivered down from the said
rollers to a funnel shaped conductor of tin, sheet iron or other suitable material.
The said conductor is so suspended upon an axis that an oscillating motion is
imparted thereto preferably by an arrangement of cranks and levers operated by
gearing upon the machine.
"
Immediately beneath the said conductor swinging plates are suspended which
are caused to oscillate in directions at right angles to the direction of oscillation of
the conductor. By means of the aforesaid oscillating motion imparted to the warp
as it descends from the delivering rollers, the warp is delivered in regular folds or
layers into a receptacle placed beneath the oscillating plates-The said receptacle
consists preferably of a bag having placed within it a cylinder of tin, sheet iron or
other suitable material without a bottom which cylinder keeps the bag surrounding
it extended during the process of filling; the said cylinder being removed after
the warp has been cut off so that the warp is left folded or coiled up in the bag.
"
Another part of our Invention consists in the use of a differential motion for
driving the machine by preference that known as "Combes expanding cones'
constructed according to and as described in the Specification of James Combe
N° 1387 A.D. 1856.-By means of this form of driving pulley any desired speed
can be given to the yarn and the machine can be gradually and evenly started or
stopped and thus breakage of the yarn either by sudden jerk or by over running of
the bobbins at the "bank" is avoided.
This is effected by mounting the said expanding cones upon a shaft suspended

page_text: by the driving rope which is actuated by the cones and passed round an overhead
pulley. The said shaft is arranged parallel with the main driving shaft and
connected thereto by levers or arms which are jointed or pivoted to the said main
driving shaft. The cone shaft is operated by gearing from the main shaft and by
virtue of the construction of the expanding cones when the extent of driving
surface of the same is made of greater or less diameter by bringing the two cones
closer together or further apart, the rotation or speed of the overhead pulley of the
machine is correspondingly altered.
The adjusting of the expanding cones may be regulated by a hand wheel at the
side of the machine and the speed of the yarn can thus as herein before described
be regulated as desired.
: And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system mode or manner in or under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings and to the Letters and Figures marked thereon
that is to say :-
Figure 1, represents in part front elevation, a reed frame used in connection with
the mechanism constituting our present Invention.
Figures 2, and 3, are elevations of opposite ends of the same.
Figure 4, is a transverse section through the reeds of the said frame.
Figures 5, and 6, represent respectively in part side and part front elevation a
warping machine constructed according to our present Invention.
Figure 6 a, is a part plan showing the driving gear of the same.
Figures 7, and 8, represent respectively in part front elevation and in plan
another form of reed franie used in connection with the machine constituting our
present Invention.
Similar letters and figures of reference represent corresponding parts throughout
the Drawings.
"
The mechanism constituting the reed frame represented at Figures 1, 2, and 3,
although not forming any part of our present Invention is shewn for the purpose
of enabling our improvements to be more fully understood and is herein only as
far described, as to enable practical users of our Invention the more readily to
apprehend the scope and mode of adaptation thereof with reference either to a
close lease " or a
pin lease."-The reed frame is carried in the gables a, and
consists of the two reeds b, and c, an end portion of each of which indicating the
differences of their construction is shewn at Figure 1.-The reeds b, and c, are
respectively carried by the horizontal bars d, d, and e, e.-The bars d, d, are
supported at their ends in the blocks f, and the bars e, e, are similarly supported at
their ends in the blocks g.-These blocks f, and g, are capable of being raised and
lowered within the guides h, formed in the gable a, and are at their lower ends
provided with the racks respectively marked i, and j, which are respectively in gear
with the toobed pinions k, and 1, shewn in dotted lines.-The shafts m, and n,
which respectively carry the pinions k, and I, are supported in suitable bearings
formed on the gables a, and are provided with the sprocket wheels o, over which
are passed the chains p, carrying at their opposite ends the weights q.-The ends
of the shafts m, and n, are provided with the hand wheels r, and the ends of the
bars d, and e, are provided with the knobs or handles s, these bars being fitted
loosely in the blocks f, and g, so that they, with the reeds b, and c, respectively
attached to them, may be moved horizontally into any required position.-The
blocks f, and g, at one end of the frame are also provided with the knobs or
bandles t, for the purpose of raising or lowering them independently of raising or
lowering them by the hand wheels r; the weights q, being arranged to counter-
balance the weight of the reeds and their attachments so as to allow of the reeds b,
and c, being moved easily upwards or downwards.-This vertical motion of the
reeds is rendered parallel and equal throughout their entire lengths, by their being
kept in gear through the shafts m, and n, and pinions k, and l, which engage with

page_text: the racks i, and j, and sliding blocks f, and g, respectively carrying the said reeds.―
At the back of the gable a, there project the two arms b*, between whose ends the
cross-bars c*, are provided and at the inner faces of these arms there are the feather
pieces d; which allow of the lath e*, being moved along the same nearer to or
farther from the before mentioned reeds b, and c.
C,
The reed frame represented at Figures 7, and 8, is that through which the yarn
from the "bank is passed previous to passing through the reeds b, and herein-
before described and it consists chiefly of two or more parts y*, and *, hinged
together and carried on suitable supports. This form of frame admits of the yarn
being drawn from two or more "banks" as desired and as is obvious from the
Drawings, which as in the case of the mechanism shewn in the preceding Figures,
not forming any part of our present Invention it is unnecessary in this Specification
to further describe.
"
In the warping machine represented at Figures 5, and 6, the mechanism is
carried by the main framing u, and consists of the bar v, Figure 6, bent to an
angular shape as shewn, which bar is secured at its upper part to the cross-piece w,
carried at its ends in the bearings x, and in which bearings the said cross-piece
and the bar v, attached thereto are capable of being adjusted that is to say, the
angle at which the bar v, hangs from its vertical position may be increased or
decreased upon the loosening of the set screw y, and the tightening of the same,
after the desired position of the said bar has been arrived at.-This bar v,
constitutes the "contracting plate or guide by which the yarn as it passes
between the arms of the bar is contracted or pressed together in the form of
a sliver-The height of this bar v, may also be adjusted, for which purpose the
bearings a, are fitted within the vertical guides z, formed in the framing u- -The
yarn on leaving the bar v, then passes in the form of a sliver beneath the roller a¹,
over the roller b¹ and under the roller c', the rollers a¹ and c¹ being carried in
suitable bearings formed in the framing u.-
-The rollers a¹, and c¹, are for the
purpose of measuring the yarn, and are covered with India-rubber or other suitable
material the outer circumference of which rollers with their facings of rubber being
of known measurement so that upon ascertaining the number of revolutions of the
said rollers, the length of the warp passed over their periphery can be determined.―
The roller b', rests upon and between the two rollers a¹, and c¹, and it is preferably
formed of wood and covered with plaiting, or this roller may be formed in any
other convenient manner.-The shaft d', to which the roller b', is fitted works at
its ends in the guides e¹, which are capable of being raised and lowered by means
of the racks f', formed at the lower ends of the guides e.-The pinions g³, fitted on
the shaft h¹, gear with the said racks f¹, and are operated for raising or lowering
the roller b¹, by the hand wheel i, secured to the end of the shaft h'.-The position
into which the roller b¹ is raised by the mechanism last described allows of the
end of the sliver being passed between the said rollers; the roller b', being
retained in such position by the pawl j, pivoted to the framing u, engaging with
the teeth of the ratchet wheel k¹, which is secured to the shaft h¹, on which the
pinions gl, are carried.-The pawl j, may be disengaged from the teeth of the
ratchet wheel k¹, by pulling over the hand lever U, in the required direction.
For indicating the length of yarn passed through the machine there is fitted to
the end of the shaft carrying the roller c¹, a toothed wheel m³, gearing with the
wheel n', which is carried upon a short shaft or stud secured to the framing u.-A
sprocket wheel o¹, either formed in one piece with the wheel n¹, or otherwise
suitably secured thereto so as to rotate with it is geared into the chain p', with
which the sprocket wheel q', is similarly geared.-Upon the shaft r¹, to which the
sprocket wheel ql, is secured there is also fitted a screw-worm (not represented on
the accompanying Drawings) which geas with the worm-wheel 8', fixed to the
spindle of the counter t¹, which may be of any of the: well known types of
counters.-The warp after passing through the measuring rollers as hereinbefore
described is led upwards to the ." keeling or marking apparatus and in its way
"

page_text: thereto passes over the roller k*, running loosely upon the shaft x², and between
the adjustable guides *, Figure 6, which rest upon the table m*, of wood or any
other suitable material.-From the "keeling" or marking apparatus the warp
passes on to the delivering rollers us, and to, hereinafter further described.
The "keeling" or marking apparatus consists of the sponge a³, carried in any
suitable manner from the cross-piece b³, which is connected to the two ends of the
rods c-These rods c³, are flattened at their lower ends in order to deprive them of
rigidity and to ensure their acting elastically as springs, when the sponge a², has fallen
on the warp, and they are secured to the shaft d³, which is pivoted in the framing u,
and upon the shaft d, there is also fitted the arm e', which projects from the same.―
Upon the shaft f, which is situated below the said shaft d³, there is fitted the
crank g', which in the course of its revolution bears againt the underside of the
arme, and thereby raises the sponge a³, and as the crank g², passes on, it allows
the sponge a; which has been previously soaked with some marking fluid to fall
upon the warp thereby each time it so falls making a mark upon the same, the
distance of the said marks apart from each other depending upon the rate of
revolution of the shaft fs, and which is regulated as required by the worm-wheel h³,
being altered to suit the measurement which is to be marked upon the warp.
The motion which is imparted to the mechanism in the upper part of the
machine is transmitted thereto through the toothed wheel 2, gearing with the
herein before mentioned wheel m'.-This wheel 2, is carried upon a short shaft j³,
secured to the framing u, and is provided with the bevel wheel 2, such wheel being
formed in one piece with or otherwise suitably secured to the said wheel --The
motion is then transmitted through the bevel wheel 1', keyed on the inclined shaft
m², which carries at its upper end the bevel wheel n³, gearing into the bevel-
wheel o³, thence to the wheel p², which is secured to one end of the shaft ³, and
upon whose inner face the last mentioned bevel-wheel is formed as represented
more particularly at Figure 6, of the accompanying drawings.-The wheel p², is in
gear with the toothed wheel q², carried in any suitable manner from the framing
u, and which is also geared with the toothed-wheel, secured to the shaft 8³, of
the lower delivering roller t-The upper delivering roller u³, is geared with
the lower one through the toothed wheels v³, and w³, which are respectively secured
to the shafts of the said rollers.-Upon the opposite end of the shaft ³, there is
secured a small toothed wheel as represented by the dotted line y³, with which
wheel the larger wheel z², is in gear, this wheel z³, being carried on a short shaft
having the necessary bearings in the framing u.-Upon this same shaft is
fitted the bevel-wheel a³, gearing into the bevel-wheel 6s, secured to a shaft o³,
carried in the bearings d³, and upon this shaft c³, the screw-worm e³, is fitted for
operating the herein before mentioned worm-wheel h.-Gearing into the wheel z²,
there is also provided the toothed wheel f8, carried upon a short shaft ga, in the
slot a, formed in the framing u, and upon the boss of the same the change
wheel, is secured or this wheel may be formed in one piece with the wheel f³,
or it may be attached thereto by any other suitable means.-The change wheel i³,
is geared with the toothed wheel 3, carried on the shaft k, which extends across
the machine, and outside of the wheel ja, is fitted the eccentric 13, which in rotating
operates through the rod m³, a crank centred upon the shaft 82, and which through
the cranks n³, and their connections to the before mentioned crank gives an
oscillating motion to the conductor o³, through which the warp is passing out of
the machine, and which is pivoted at p³, to the said cranks m³.-Upon the end of
the shaft, opposite to that on which the eccentric P, is fitted, there is provided
the bevel-wheel q³, which gears with the bevel-wheel ³, fitted to the vertical
shafts, to the lower end of which the bevel-wheel t³, is secured.-This shaft 8³, is
carried in the bearings u³, fixed to the framing u, and with the bevel-wheel t³, the
wheel w, is in gear; this wheel being carried upon a shaft a³, fitted in the
bearings y, fixed to the framing u.-Upon the opposite end of this shaft a³, the
toothed wheel, is fitted and is in gear with the wheel at, through the change

page_text: wheel 6, whose shaft is fitted in the slot c, formed in the bracket carrying the
said wheels. Upon the shaft d', there is fitted besides the wheel a', the eccentric
e, which imparts through the rod f*, slotted crank g', and shaft h, a reciprocating
motion to the toothed wheel it, and to the two wheels j*, and k, gearing with which
a reciprocating motion is also imparted.-The swinging plates ', are keyed or
otherwise secured to the shaft carrying the wheels, and k, so that they travel
backwards and forwards through the same part of a revolution as the said wheels j',
and k, by which they are operated-The plates, are hung by the rods m*,
carrying the frame n, into which their outer ends are pivoted. In the operation
of the machine the combined movements of the conductor o, and swinging plates (*,
cause the warp passing through the same to be delivered into the cylinder or
receptacle n', in regular folds or layers.-The receptacle n, being placed inside a
bag is when filled and when the warp has been cut off lifted out of the bag and by
these means the warp within the bag is made ready for beaming.
For operating the mechanism hereinbefore described from a prime mover there
are provided the fast and loose pulleys o*, carried upon the shaft p', which is
supported in bearings 9.-Upon this shaft p, the wheels 4, are secured and are
geared with the toothed wheels 8*, carried by the shaft t, which has its bearings u*,
in the arms w', which are pivoted to the shaft p.-The shaft t, also works within
the quadrants, between and by which the driving pulley preferably constructed
according to the Specification of James Combe No 1387 A.D. 1856, is operated,
that is to say its frictional or driving surface in contact with the driving rope y',
is increased or decreased according to the rate at which the mechanism bereinbefore
described is required to move.-The driving pulley is formed in two parts as set
forth in the aforementioned Specification of James Combe, and which two parts
are capable of being moved so as to effect this increase or decrease of frictional or
driving surface and for producing this movement of the two said parts in the
application of the said driving pulley to the mechanism constituting this present
Invention there are provided the quadrants, which are carried upon brackets
secured to the racks a, and 66, working and being capable of sliding within the
box c-Between these racks a³ and b, whose teeth face one another there is
provided the toothed wheel d³, gearing with the teeth of the racks, which
wheel do, is secured to the shaft e, upon whose outer end the bevel wheel ƒ³,
is secured. Gearing with the last mentioned bevel-wheel f³, there is provided
the smaller bevel-wheel g³, which is carried upon the shaft h³, carried in the
bearings Upon this shaft h³, there is also carried the wheel ³, which is
geared with the toothed wheel k³, carried in any suitable manner upon the
framing u. With this last mentioned wheel, the toothed pinion 15, is geared
and it is carried upon the shaft m³, which extends on both sides beyond the
framing u, in which it has its bearings at no, and at both its ends this shaft m³, is
provided with the hand wheels -It is obvious upon turning these wheels o³,
either in one direction or the other that the distance between the quadrant x, is
altered so that the speed of the mechanism operated by the aforementioned driving
pulley, is correspondingly varied; a stop is fitted to the wheel, to prevent the
same making more than one revolution, this being sufficient to increase or decrease
the frictional surface of the driving pulley to the fullest extent.-The box c³,
hereinbefore mentioned is carried by the brackets p³, from the framing in any
convenient manner. The driving rope y', after leaving the cone pulley before
mentioned passes up and around the sheave pulley f*, Figure 6, carried on
the shaft g, upon which shaft is also carried the toothed wheel h*, the
shaft g✶ being secured to the framing u, in any suitable manner. This last
mentioned wheel h*, is geared into the wheels i*, and *, which are fitted
respectively to the shafts of the rollers a', and c', to which by these means
motion is imparted.
The starting and stopping gear of the machine consists in the first place of the
shaft qo, carried at one side of the framing u, in the bearings r³, which has secured,
↓

page_text: at its outer end, the hand wheels 8%, and at its opposite end the crank -To this
crank to, the rod us, is connected either by means of a short connecting link or by
any other suitable means.-This rod u³, is carried in guides and at its opposite end
is either fitted to or formed in one piece with the flattened portion v³, to which is
attached the fork w, for shifting the belt from the loose to the fast pulley or vice
versa. Upon this flattened bar v6, the eye x, is fitted for the reception of one end
of the spring y, whose other or opposite end is secured to the framing u, in any
suitable manner. The shaft q, is provided with a stop (not represented on the
accompanying drawings) which is so fitted as to prevent the shaft q, from turning
in one direction when the crank t, has just past (in the saine direction) over its
horizontal centres where, in this position it is retained by the action of the
spring y, which at that time is in tension.-It is in this position that the starting
mechanism is represented on the accompanying Drawings.-Upon turning the
crank to, over its horizontal centres in the reverse direction, the spring y³, acts
upon the crank to, until it arrives at its normal position, and by these means the
band is quickly thrown from one pulley to the other.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and the system, mode or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect we would observe in conclusion that we
do not limit ourselves to the precise forms. or details of mechanism hereinbefore
described with reference to and shewn upon the accompanying Sheets of Drawings,
as the same may be varied in many ways without departing from the essential
features of our said Invention, but what we consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is :-
First The general arrangement and combination of the mechanism herein before
described and shewn upon the accompanying Drawings for the treatment or
preparation of warps substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Second-The arrangement or combination of mechanism for measuring the
yarn passing into the warping machine consisting of the rollers a', b', and c¹, gear-
wheels m', and n', sprocket wheels o¹, and q¹, chain p¹, shaft 7, worm-wheel 8',
counter t¹, and their attachments substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 5, and 6, of the accompanying Drawings or the mechanical
equivalents of all or any of the said parts.
Third: The mechanism for "keeling" or marking the warp previous to leaving
the machine consisting of the sponge a, cross-piece 6, rods c³, shaft d³, arm e³,
shaft f, crank g³, adjustable worm-wheel h², gear-wheels y3 and 23, bevel wheels a³,
and b, shaft c³, bearings d³, screw-worm e³, and their attachments substantially as
herein before described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings or the mechanical equivalents of all or any of the said parts acting
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described.
Fourth The mechanism for delivering the warp from the machine in regular
folds or layers into a bag or other receptacle consisting of the gearing operating
the conductor o³, and swinging plates, above the receptacle n', and their attach-
menta substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 5, and 6, of
the accompanying Drawings or the mechanical equivalents of all or any of the
said parts.
Fifth The application and combination with the machine herein before
described of a differential motion apparatus, for driving warping machines con-
sisting of a driving pulley formed in two parts constructed according to the
hereinbefore referred to Specification of James Combe, substantially as and for
purposes herein before described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Sixth-The arrangement of mechanism for operating the parts of the said driving
cone consisting of the gear wheels 1ª, 8ª, d³, j³, k³, 1º, shafts t*, eo, ho, m³, bearings u*,

page_text: arms w, quadrants x, racks a³, and 65, box c³, bevel wheels fs, and g³, bearings i³,
and no, hand wheels o³, brackets p³, and their attachments substantially as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying Drawings or the mechanical
equivalents of all or any of the said parts.
In witness whereof, I the said George Malcolm, Junior, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Thirtieth day of May in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
GEORGE MALCOLM J" (L.S.)