Improvements in the Manufacture of Celluloid Articles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1891-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Celluloid Articles.
Communicated from Doctor PAUL HUNAEUS, of the City of Hannover, Germany,
Doctor of Chemistry.
1 CHRISTEN REES BONNE of 41 Eastcheap London E.C. Patent Agent do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to a method of moulding or forming into a given shape
celluloid bodies and consists in heating the material to the temperature in which it
is most pliable then pressing it into the shape of the mould and afterwards pre-
venting the material from altering the shape thus given it by cooling it under
pressure.
The manner in which I carry my invention into effect is as follows: 1 take a
mould, made of any suitable material and which is provided with an inlet and outlet.
In the mould I place a cylinder of celluloid by passing it through the inlet or
outlet, I then push a conically shaped tube into each end of the cylinder, thereby
pressing it forcibly against the walls of the outlet and inlet openings of the mould.
Through the inlet tube, I force hot air or other gas or liquid, while blocking the
outlet, the heat causing the celluloid to become pliable and the pressure under
which the gas or liquid is injected causes the celluloid cylinder to take the shape of
the mould, which may for instance be the shape of a ball, and which may have
figures engraved upon it. I next cause the hot gas or liquid to gradually escape at
the same time however substituting cold gas or liquid so that the pressure remains
constant.
Sometimes I also place inside the cylinder chemicals of a suitable nature to
generate gas, thus causing the expansion, while external heat applied to the mould
gives the requisite pliability to the celluloid.
When an article shall be produced from celluloid which is closed at one end say
for instance bottle shaped then I make the outlet and inlet at the same end.
For the moulding of articles otherwise than hollow for instance if a plate of
celluloid is required to be corrugated or similarly shaped, I span the plate into
the mould in such a manner that gas or liquid forced into the moulding apparatus
presses on one side of the celluloid plate only, thus forcing it into the mould, and
it is obvious that in the same way I can mould two plates at a time by forcing the
gas or liquid in between them so that they expand to opposite sides.
Sometimes I protect the celluloid from the effect of the direct gas or liquid by
means of india rubber or similar substance which expands with the celluloid and
afterwards takes its original shape.
D
J
Jav Ostalo 1800
C. R. BONNE & Co.,
41, Eastcheap, London, E.C., Authorized Patent Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Celluloid Articles.
Communicated from abroad by PAUL HUNAEUS, of Hannover, in the German
Empire.
I CHRISTEN REES BONNE of 57 Chancery Lane in the City of London
Registered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a method of moulding or forming into a given shape
celluloid or similar bodies and consists in heating the material to a temperature at
which it is most pliable, then pressing it into the shape of the mould and afterwards
preventing the material from altering the shape thus given it by cooling it under
pressure.
gas
The manner in which I carry my invention into effect is as follows:-I take a
mould made of any suitable material, and which is provided with an inlet and
outlet. In the mould place for instance a cylinder of celluloid, by passing it
through the inlet or outlet. I then push a conically shaped tube into each end of
the cylinder thereby pressing it forcibly against the walls of the outlet and inlet
openings of the mould. Through the inlet tube I force hot fluids, air or other
or liquids while blocking the outlet, the heat causing the celluloid to become pliable,
and the pressure under which the the gas or liquid is injected causes the celluloid
cylinder to take the shape of the mould, which may for instance be the shape of a
ball, and may if required have figures engraved upon it. I next cause the hot
fluids, gas or liquids to gradually escape, at the same time, however, substituting
cold fluids, gas, or liquids.
In some cases I may place inside the cylindrical or other shaped celluloid articles
chemical substances from which gas is generated to cause the required expansion of
the celluloid articles,--and in such cases the necessary heat to bring the celluloid
into a pliable condition may be applied to the external surface of the mould. For
moulding other than hollow articles for instance, if a plate of celluloid is required
to be corrugated or similarly shaped, it is placed in the mould in such manner that
fluids, gas or liquids forced in press on one side only of the plate, thus forcing it
into the mould, and it is obvious that in the same way I can mould two plates at a
time by forcing the fluid gas or liquid in between them, so that they expand to
opposite sides.
Sometimes I protect the celluloid from the effect of the fluid gas or liquid by
means of india rubber or similar substance which expands with the celluloid and
afterwards takes its original shape.
In order that the nature of my invention may be clearly understood I will now
proceed to further describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawings,
in which
Fig. 1 is longitudinal section of apparatus constructed according to my
invention.
Fig. 2, transverse section.
Fig. 3 longitudinal section of apparatus in which the mould is provided with bars
and end plates serving as a framework to hold the same firmly during the operations
of the manufacture.
Fig. 4, transverse section of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5, section of another form of mould, for the production of articles of a
bottle shape and closed entirely at one end.
Fig. 6, plan of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 section of mould similar to Fig. 5, but with an internal core or lining
provided for the celluloid article therein.

page_text: Fig. 8 plan of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 section of mould for flat plates and the like.
In these figures, similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
The mould M, which may be constructed in one or more parts, may as shown in
Fig. 3, be provided with side bars M' and end plates M° with openings therein
through which the inlet and outlet tubes E and E are inserted. At the inlet E'
through which air gas or fluid is admitted to the interior of the mould, is inserted
a plug E, preferably of tapered or conical form as shown in Fig. 1 and provided
with handles to facilitate its introduction and removal. The rod e extending
longitudinally through the centre of the mould has at its extremity an enlarged
part or projection for the purpose of opening or closing the outlet passage E as may
be required. In Fig. 3 is shown a similar tapered or conical plug at the outlet end,
as well as at the inlet. c, c, shows the shape assumed by the celluloid when
expanded inside the mould the lines R indicating its original form before the
process of heating and moulding has been performed. In Figs. 5 and 7, the small
inlet tube e extends nearly the whole length of the mould and to the bottom of the
celluloid article, and as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the inlet and outlet E and E¹
respectively extend through the plate M' and conical plug K to the interior of the
mould. The arrangement shown in Fig. 9 is for moulding flat plates of celluloid
into any required ornamental shape the inlet and outlet E and E' respectively being
arranged at opposite ends of the mould. In Figs. 3, 4, 7 and 9 the core or lining R
is shown inside the celluloid articles being moulded.
When the operation has been completed, and the air, gas, or fluid allowed to
escape from the interior of the celluloid articles, this lining being of india rubber
or other soft flexible material will collapse and is then easily withdrawn. It serves
the purpose of protecting the celluloid from the effects of the gas or fluid used
during the operation of moulding.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) In the manufacture of celluloid articles, the mould M (with inlet and outlet
tubes or passages) in which the celluloid is placed, with or without a core or lining
of india rubber or flexible elastic material and brought to the required shape,
substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and illustrated by the accom-
panying drawings.
(2.) In the manufacture of celluloid articles, the application of heat in the
interior of the mould or upon the exterior thereof for the purpose of rendering the
celluloid pliable and capable of being brought to the required shape in the mould,
substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described and illustrated by the accom-
panying drawings.
(3.) In the manufacture of celluloid articles the injection under pressure into the
moulds of liquids, fluids air or gases heated to the requisite temperature to force
the celluloid into the desired shape in the mould substantially as hereinbefore set
forth and described.
(4.) In the manufacture of celluloid articles, the application to the interior or
exterior of the mould of cold fluids, liquids, air or gases, for the purpose of causing
the celluloid when moulded to retain its shape as required,-substantially as herein-
before described
Dated 7th July 1891.
BONNE & Co.,
Registered Patent Agents,
57 & 58, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for Applicant.