Year: 1885

page_text: I, SAMUEL BANNER of 8, Fazakerley Street Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Petroleum Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of this invention is to produce a light hydro-carbon oil or spirit,
which may be used as a substitute for turpentine in many of the arts and manu-
factures where it is employed.
It consists essentially in preparing a product by selecting during the distillation
of petroleum coal oil and other similar heavy hydro-carbons-groups of fractions
containing hydro-carbons of specific gravity and boiling point closely approximating
each other, and adapted for the purpose required.
In carrying out the invention, the petroleum or other hydro-carbon from which
the product is to be obtained, is placed in a retort and fractional distillation carried
out in the usual manner. The distillates which first pass off are not utilized for
the purpose of this invention, but may be collected for other purposes. The dis-
tillates which pass off, which when cold have a specific gravity varying from
somewhat below 750 degrees to somewhat above 810 degrees are collected. These
on being intimately mixed or blended together produce a liquid which is practically
free from the oil and heavy matter now often found in solvents and turpentine
substitutes and which render them objectionable to use for many purposes on
account of the heavier material being much less volatile and leaving a smell
behind.
The product produced as above described is capable of being used for a number
of purposes for which turpentine is now used, or as a solvent for gums, resins,
india-rubber, for such purposes as waterproofing, and also as a solvent for extracting
oil from seed.

page_text: I, SAMUEL BANNER of 8 Fazakerley Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Oil Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to produce a light hydro-carbon oil or spirit
which may be used as a substitute for turpentine, either by itself or in conjunction
or combination with ordinary turpentine which itself is mainly a light hydrocarbon
of the Cn H₂n - 4 series.
The invention consists essentially in preparing a product by selecting during the
distillation of petroleum, resin coal oil, or other similar hydrocarbonaceous sub-
stances groups of fractions containing hydrocarbons of specific gravity and boiling
point approximating each other, and adapted for the purpose required and mixing
the same together.
In carrying out the invention, the petroleum or other hydrocarbon from which
the product is to be obtained, is placed in a retort and fractional distillation carried
out in the usual manner. The distillates which first pass off are preferably not
utilized for the purpose of this invention, but may be collected for other purposes.
The distillates which when cold have a specific gravity varying from 730 to '840
are collected. Any two or more of these representing different series such as defines
for instance (Cn H₁n) and Paraffines C, H, + 2 on being intimately mixed or
blended together, have a specific gravity and fire test greater than the mean and
produce a liquid which is practically free from the oil and heavy matter now often
found in solvents and turpentine substitutes, and which render them objectionable
to use for many purposes on account of the heavier material being much less
volatile and leaving a smell behind. They can be used to substitute turpentine
partially or altogether, but I have found in practice that as a partial substitute
they are very advantageous, as turpentine itself being a hydrocarbon of a different
series (Cn H. n - 4) from those usually obtained from the various mineral oils,
blends or combines excellently with these.
1
-
The products produced as above described are capable of being used for a
number of purposes for which turpentine is now used, or as solvents for gums,
resins, india-rubber, for such purposes as waterproofing, and also as a solvent for
extracting oil from seed, cloth, wool and the like.
Li.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. The turpentine substitute consisting of a combination or mixture of hydro-
carbons of one or more series obtained by the distillation of petroleum, coal oil,

page_text: shale or the like mineral matter, taking the fractions only which have a specific
gravity when cold between about 730 and 840.
2nd. The turpentine substitute or partial substitute consisting of a mixture of
hydrocarbons of two or more different series such as paraffines (Cn H, n + 2) olefines
(Cn H, n) or other series of specific gravity ranging between 730 and 840 and
formed from the distillation of mineral substances, such as shale or petroleum with
those of the series Cn H, n- 4 having similar properties.