provements in Steam Engines.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application. 3rd Oct.. 1888
Complete Specification Left, 3rd July, 1889-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Complete Specification Left, 3rd July, 1889-Accepted, 10th Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Steam Engines.
I, JOHN HANDSLEY DALES of No. 37 Hanover Square, Leeds in the County of
York Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The first part of the invention consists in the application of antifriction balls or
rollers to the joints and bearings of steam engine governors, whereby the sensitiveness
of the same to any variation of speed of an engine is very largely increased. The
balls or rollers may be fitted in either adjustable or non-adjustable bearings.
The second part of the Invention consists of a combined particular arrangement as
follows. An expansion valve is worked and varied in cut-off by a slot link, die and
two eccentric rods; the slot link being controlled and held in cut-off position by
links and levers which are actuated by a steam auxiliary power cylinder and piston
which is controlled in its motion by a liquid cataract cylinder and piston.
The steam auxiliary power cylinder is supplied with pressure by a piston or other
valve which is worked by a differential lever motion which is carried and actuated by
a ball bearing centrifugal governor and the ends or some part of the piston rods of the
said steam and cataract cylinders.
The action of the arrangement is that the governor in rising or falling opens the
piston valve to admit steam to the power cylinder for the purpose of changing the
position of its piston and that of the slot link in consequence. and the piston valve is
closed by the inovement of the steam piston into a proportionately corresponding
position to that of the governor chase by which the differential lever motion is carried
at one end, thus adjusting the position of the auxiliary power, piston and that of the
slot link and expansion valve to cut off steam according to the requirements of the
engine which is being governed by the apparatus.
Any tendency of the slot link to cause a jerky action of the whole of the parts of
the gear is counteracted by the cataract cylinder and piston; and any tendency of the
slot link to force an over-action of the power cylinder is counteracted by the
differential lever action on the pressure valve; that is to say, if the auxiliary power
piston by reason of the slot link motion and work, assumes a position differing in
proportion from that of the governor chase, the differential lever motion and pressure
valve alter the action of the pressure on the piston in such a way as to bring the
piston into its correct position, with regard to that of the governor chase.
Dated this Third day of October 1888
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Engines.
JOHN HANDSLEY DALES, late of 37 Hanover Square, Leeds, in the County of
York, but now of 45 Lofthouse place, Leeds aforesaid, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in the method of mounting
the bearings of centrifugal steam engine governors, and in the means and appliances
whereby the steam is throttled or the expansion varied.
My invention consists in the application of anti-friction balls or rollers to the joints
and bearings of centrifugal steam engine governors, and in the means of applying
power to the throttle valve, or to the expansion valve, or to the link or other gear, for
varying the admission of steam to the engine.

page_text: '
governor to any variation in the speed of an engine is very largely increased; and, by
the special means of applying suitable power to the steam distributing gear, the control
of the engine is rendered prompt and effective.
My invention is specially, but not exclusively, applicable to governors of the right
angled lever arm spring load type.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 an end elevation, illustrating the application of
my improvements to the description of centrifugal governor above more especially
referred to.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged horizontal view (partly in section) of a portion of the upper
part of the revolving head. Fig. 4 is an end view of the valve chest fitted to the
power cylinder O, and Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively vertical and horizontal sections
of the same valve chest, valve, and ports.
A is the head or bracket casting, the arms F F being formed in one therewith.
These arms carry the governor arm centres B, which are fitted with balls or roller CC,
as shown. The head casting also forms a bearing for the load spring A'. The anti-
friction balls C are fitted in suitable recesses formed in the boss of the right-angled
lever arm D, in such a manner that the balls roll between conical bearings in the
adjusting bosses E, which are carried by the bracket arms F, the cones being capable
of adjustment for the purpose of taking up any slackness in the bearings. A pin or
bolt G passes through and in contact with the adjusting bearings, but clear of the hole
through the governor arm boss, for the purpose of holding the bosses in adjustment.
The horizontal arms D₁ of the governor are fitted radially to the spindle, and are
connected to the slider H by means of short links II, which are also fitted with
adjustable ball bearings. The slider H is provided with a collar J, which, by means
of pins, working in slots, engages with a forked lever K, which is keyed to a rocking
shaft L. This shaft L is carried in ball bearings on the upper ends of the piston
rods M and N, M being the piston rod of the power cylinder O, and .N being the
piston rod of the cataract cylinder P. The pistons of these cylinders are fitted with
through piston rods and stuffing boxes at each end, and the lower ends of the
piston rods M N are attached to the cross-head W, the latter being fitted with a
slipper or other guide. The rocking shaft L is provided also with a lever Q
which is connected, by means of a rod R, with a lever S, which rocks a spindle T,
and a small inside lever U, which actuates a piston or slide valve. V (not neces-
sarily of the type shown) which, in performing its functions, admits or exhausts
steam to either the top or bottom end of the auxiliary power cylinder O, as may
be required by the gear. The cataract cylinder P is entirely filled with liquid
(preferably oil) and hermetically sealed, as far as is practicable; and, in performing
its functions, the cataract piston forces the liquid to circulate through the
passage P1 (shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2) or through a passage in the piston
itself.
The power and motion of the auxiliary power cylinder O is transmitted, by
means of the sliding cross head W-links XX-and bell crank levers X and Y,
or other suitable gear; to the expansion valve, throttle valve, or other gear of the
engine to be controlled. Preferably I use an expansion valve, worked and varied
in the cut off by a slot link, die, and two eccentric rods; the slot link being
controlled and held in position by suitable connections with the cross-head W, or
the bell crank levers X and Y or either of them.
Fig. 3 shows a portion of the upper end of the head casting A with one pair
of arms FF; also a horizontal arm D₁ of the governor, in position between the
arms FF; also the method of placing the anti-friction balls CC in the recess of
the governor arm D, by means of the adjusting bosses E and the pin or bolt G.
Also the method of attachment of the links I. I, as well to the forked end of the
governor arm as to the studs H¹ of the slider H; and the method of fitting

page_text: the anti-friction balls C in the bearings, and adjusting them by means of the
nuts H
Referring to Figs. 4, 5 and 6, V is the valve, consisting of two solid pistons c c,
united together by cross webs, as shown. a is the steam induction port, b is the
eduction port, d d are two ports leading to the cylinder O. The piston valve is
formed without lap. S is the horizontal lever; T the spindle, and U the inside
lever working in a slot in the valve rod.
The action of this arrangement of the invention may be described as follows:-
When the governor arms D D are thrown outwards, beyond the position shown
in Fig. 1, the slider H is lifted, and also the levers K and Q, and the link R, by
the rocking of the shaft L. This action moves the lever S of the piston valve V,
and by thus admitting steam into (say) the upper end of the power cylinder O,
the piston is caused to move downward. In so doing the piston brings down also
the levers and other parts which were first lifted by the governor, and the conse-
quence is that the ports of the valve V, which have been opened by the governor,
are closed by the subsequent action of the piston; the steam supply is stopped ;
and the piston remains in a position corresponding, but opposite to that of the
slider H. If the auxiliary piston happens to over-act, such overaction, by moving
the valve beyond the position of closed ports, opens to the exhaust that end of
the cylinder which contains the excess of pressure, and thus exactly adjusts the
relative positions of the slider and the power piston. Any tendency towards a jerky
action of the parts is counteracted by the cataract cylinder.
My improved roller bearings may be applied to many other forms of governors, as
well as that above described, with or without a power cylinder, and also with or
without a cataract cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In combination with centrifugal steam engine governors, the application and use
of anti-friction balls or rollers to the joints and bearings, for the purpose of increasing
their sensitiveness.
2. In the construction of centrifugal steam engine governors, the application and
use of ball or roller bearings to the joints, and the combination therewith of the power
and cataract cylinders, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.
3. The construction of centrifugal steam engine governors of the right angular
lever arm spring load type, fitted with ball or roller bearings, in combination with the
power and cataract cylinders and other apparatus, substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. In combination with centrifugal steam engine governors, the application and use
of the special arrangement of the power cylinder and cataract cylinder, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings.
5. The general construction combination and arrangement of the several and
respective parts together constituting my improvements in steam engines substan-
tially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
GEO. DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.