in Connection with Drainage Work.
Year: 1885

page_text: in Connection with Drainage Work.
We FREDERIC GEORGE SISON HAM of 43 Rockbourne Road, Forest Hill in the
County of Kent Commercial Traveller, and EDWIN JAMES PRESTON of the firm of
J. Stone & Co of Deptford in the County of Kent, Engineers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
Our invention consists of improvements in sewer entrance or manhole covers
side entrance covers and other covers used in connection with drainage work.
The object of our invention is to provide a suitable cover for drainage work that
is capable of being used, either as a ventilator for the gas that accumulates in
sewers and drains, or as a non-ventilator so that the gas cannot escape through the
cover, and we effect this in the following way.
The frame of the cover we construct in the usual way and may be made circular,
square, oval, rectangular or any other shape as may be preferred. We make or
form the cover that fits into the frame in two equal or unequal horizontal parts
(we call these two parts in this Specification the "lower" and the "top" covers).
In these two covers we make or form slots or open spaces in such a position that
we are enabled by placing the top cover over the lower cover in a particular way,
to fit them so that the open spaces in the lower cover are directly under the open
spaces in the top cover thus providing a clear passage through the two covers for
ventilation.
By altering the position of the top cover either by turning it round or by
moving it to the right or to the left we may so alter the relative positions of the
two covers that the open spaces in the lower cover come directly under the solid
parts of the top cover thus making a close or non-ventilating cover. We may also
effect this by altering the position of the lower cover in a similar way.
We may make or form these two covers of cast iron, wrought iron, wood or
other suitable material.
We may make these two covers the top one of cast iron and the lower one of
wrought iron and we thereby increase the strength of the whole cover so that it is
not likely to be broken by heavy weights passing over it.
We may make these two covers so that the top one rests on the lower one or we
may hinge or pin or screw them together or fix them together in any other suitable
way in order to ventilate the sewer or to close the cover from ventilating.
AL ORILh dan of NL 100R

page_text: Improvements in Sewer Entrance Covers, and other Covers Used
in Connection with Drainage Work.
We FREDERICK GEORGE SISON HAM of 43 Rockbourne Road; Forest Hill in the
County of Kent, Commercial Traveller and EDWIN JAMES PRESTON of the firm of
J. Stone & Co. of Deptford in the County of Kent, Engineers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists of improvements in sewer entrance of manhole covers, side
entrance covers and other covers used in connection with drainage work.
The object of our invention is to provide a suitable cover for drainage work that
is capable of being used, either as a ventilator for the gas that accumulates in
sewers and drains, or as a nonventilator so that the gas cannot escape through the
cover and we effect this in the following way.
And in order that this invention may be fully understood we will now describe
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings and of which Figures 1. 2.
and 3 are views of one form of our improved construction of sewer entrance cover,
Figure 1 being a vertical section through frame and cover, Figure 2 a plan showing
the cover closed, and Figure 3 a separate plan of lower cover or lower part of cover.
The frame A of the cover we construct in the usual way and it may be made
circular as 'shown in this example or square, oval, rectangular or any other shape
as may be preferred we make or form the cover that fits into the frame in two
equally or unequally deep horizontal parts C and D. (We call these two parts in
this Specification the "lower" and the "top" covers). The frame A is here shewn
formed with two inner projecting lugs aa and the covers C and D with corre-
sponding grooves.
In these two covers C and D we make or form slots or open spaces c and d
respectively in such a position that we are enabled by placing the top cover Cover
the lower cover D first in one position, to fit them so that the open spaces d in the
lower cover are, directly under the open spaces c in the top cover thus providing
a clear passage through the two covers for ventilation.
Then by altering the position of the top cover C either by turning it round that
is to say in the example shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3 by lifting the cover C right
out and after turning it half round replacing it (or with a different arrangement of
grooves and corresponding lugs or stops by moving it to the right or to the left) we
may so alter the relative positions of the two covers and bringing them into the
position shown in Figures 1 and 2 that the open spaces d in the lower cover D
come directly under the solid parts of the top cover C thus making a close or non-
ventilating cover. We may also effect this by altering the position of the lower
cover in a similar way as will be described further on.
We may make or form these two covers of cast iron, wrought iron, wood or
other suitable material,
We may as shewn at Figures 1 to 3 make these two covers, the top one of cast
iron and the lower one of wrought iron and we thereby increase the strength of
the whole cover so that it is not likely to be broken by heavy weights passing
over it.

page_text: Figure 4 is a vertical section through a sewer cover in which the top cover C is
hinged onto the frame A while the lower cover D can be shifted relatively thereto
by placing a socket spanner on the square D¹ on lower cover D and turning the
latter so as to bring the open spaces c and d fair with each other or not as desired,
a stop or stops being provided for the lower cover D for the open and closed
position. Or the lower cover may be formed with grooves and the frame A with
corresponding lugs or guides so that the top cover C would have to be swung open
on its hinge and then the lower cover shifted half round.
Figure 5 is a vertically longitudinal section, Figure 6 a plan and Figure 7 a
vertical transverse section of a side entrance cover. The top cover C is hinged to
the frame A and has apertures c which in the closed position shown of the lower
cover D are not opposite with the apertures d. To produce ventilation through
the cover, the top cover C is raised on its hinges and the lower cover D is then
lifted out, turned half round and then dropped into its place again whereby the
openings c and d will come fair with each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is ;-
First. Constructing sewer entrance covers and other covers used in connection
with drainage work in two parts one top cover and one lower cover in a frame and
each of the said covers having apertures which in one position of the said covers
relatively correspond to each other so that ventilation may take place through the
said apertures but which apertures by changing the position of either or both of
the said covers relatively to each other do not correspond with each other but the
solid parts cover the apertures and thus prevent ventilation substantially as
set forth.
Second. The construction of sewer entrance and other covers herein described
and shown.