Year: 1886

page_text: I PETER JENSEN, Fel. Inst. P.A. of 77 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me
from abroad by "The Deoxidized Metal Company" of Bridgeport, Connecticut in
the United States of America) to be as follows :-
According to this invention scraps of horn or other similar materials such as raw
hide hoofs and the like in pieces shreds or shavings are applied preferably to the
depth of about an inch or so on to the surface of molten metal for the purpose of
deoxidizing the saine. The deoxidizing material is renewed at intervals as may be
required. In casting bronzes, brasses or gun metal the horn or other deoxidising
material is applied as soon as the copper is melted, and the other metals for
forming the required alloy are added afterwards. The effect of the horn or other
deoxidizing material on metals is peculiar in that the metal is perfectly deoxidized,
and the product obtained is hard, dense, homogeneous and sonorous to a remarkable
degree.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, PETER JENSEN, Fel. Inst. P.A., of 77 Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
The invention relates to an "improvement in the manufacture of alloys, which
improvement is applicable also to the melting and casting of metals."
The improvement consists in applying to the surface of the melted copper, or
other metal, scraps of horn, which have a peculiar action in improving the character
of the alloy of casting.
In carrying out the invention I take preferably the clippings or parings of horn
that come from the turner's shops, and apply to the surface of the melted metal
in the crucible a sufficient quantity to cover it to the depth of an inch or so,
which
charge of horn is renewed at intervals, as occasion may require.
In casting bronzes, brasses, or gun-metal, the horn is applied to the copper as
soon as it is melted, the tin or zinc being added afterward.
The effect of this substance in this connection is peculiar in producing a product
which is hard, dense, homogeneous, and sonorous in a remarkable degree, and
especially adapted by reason of such qualities to use for journal-bearings, bell-
metal, gun-metal and engine-work.
With respect to the rationale or theory of the effect produced, this I am not able
to fully explain, but believe that one important advantage attained thereby, is in
deoxidizing the metals, the horn serving to effect this partly by the heavy
hydrocarbon gases which it gives off, and partly by the crust or film of carbon
which remains upon the surface of the metal from the melting of the horn.
For this reason I have applied to the product the name of "deoxidized bronze."
I am aware of the fact that charcoal and various other reducing agents have
been employed upon the surface of the melted metals in the melting-pot to keep
down oxidation; but none of said known reducing agents has the effect produced
by the horn.
Bronze manufactured by this process can be bent cold without sign of fracture,
may be hammered at its end to one half its thickness without splitting, and by
reason of its fineness of texture is capable of receiving a polish so fine as to
resemble gold.
In pouring into the mold, the liquid runs without gas or smoke, and in a smooth
heavy stream like oil, and the metal when cold is of a very fine and homogeneous
texture free from " 'blow-holes," and combining a remarkable hardness and
malleability, the lathe-turnings running off in long thin spiral ribbons instead of
chipping off into little bits, as is usual.
In defining the scope of my invention, I do not limit myself strictly to the use of
horn, as the hoofs of animals, clippings of raw hide, and other analogous material
can be used.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The process herein described of hardening, toughening, and increasing the
homogeneous character of metal castings and alloys, which consists in applying
to the surface of the molten metal, pieces of horn or other analogous material,
substantially as and for the purpose described.