Improvements in Oil or Vapour Burners principally adapted for Cooking Purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1899-Accepted, 10th June, 1899
QUALI DAN
Improvements in Oil or Vapour Burners principally adapted for
Cooking Purposes.
I, RICHARD ADAM, of Saar Strasse 15, Berlin-Friedenau, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is a vapour burner principally for cooking
purposes for liquid combustible, especially petroleum, with wick lying free at the
mouth and blue burning flame (Bunsen flame). The strong air draught required
for obtaining this blue flame is not as hitherto produced by or with a chimney put
over the flame, but without such a chimney from below in an artificial manner by
steam issuing under pressure and working like an injector, without the use of
a second flame, the heating flame itself being used for producing the required
steam.
In the annexed drawing Fig. 1 represents in section this cooking apparatus
in the form of a round wick burner with central air draught. The grate arranged
above the cooker whereupon the cooking vessel is to be put, is omitted as its con-
struction is unimportant. 1 is a receiver of the petroleum or liquid combustible,
2 is the wick lying free at its mouth, 3 is the inner wick tube going through the
combustible receiver; 4 is the exterior wick tube: 5 is a water basin surrounding
the combustible receiver and by means of pipe 6 the water flows from there into
the tube like central basin 7 so that the water level in both basins is always equal.
The most essential part of the apparatus is a central evaporating pipe 8 closed at
its lower end by a disk 9: this pipe can be screwed to the basin 7.
The evaporating pipe 8 is divided by the cross disks 10 and 11 into 3 unequal
chambers, the middle chamber 13 of which forms the evaporating chamber proper,
the upper one 12 the super heating chamber and the under one 14 which is the
largest forms the steam collecting chamber, wherefrom the steam goes to several
tube like nozzles 15, arranged in the evaporating pipe 8 and issues from there
with a rather strong upward pressure.
From the cross disk 10 the water wick pipes 17 lead through the disk 9 to the
central water basin 7. The water suction wicks 16 are tightly passed through
these pipes 17 and their ends rise into the evaporating chamber 13. The steam
developed here in this latter chamber goes through numerous fine holes 18 into
the upper super heating chamber 12 from where after being heated by the hot
walls of the vessel, it escapes through the small pipe 19 down into the steam
collecting chamber 14.
Through the openings 20 in the lower part of the tubes 17, still inside the
steam collecting chamber 14 any water per chance condensed is sucked up by the
wicks 16 so that it cannot rise to the nozzles 15 and choke them.
The evaporating pipe 8 is closely encased by the tube like cap 21 going nearly
down to the nozzles 15; this cap 21 is centred towards the inner wick pipe 3 by
the perpendicular cheeks 22 joined immovably with it and it serves to carry the

page_text: flame spreader 23, which may be of any form and further and chiefly to lead the
warmth radiated by the flame, as far downwards as possible so that the steam in
the pipe 8 remains at a high temperature and energetic heating of the water
ascending in the wicks 16 is obtained.
To trim the wick the cap 21 with the spreader 23 and the cheeks 22 are removed
from pipe 8.
In the annexed drawing, Fig. 2, another form is represented without a tube
like сар 21 and the centring cheeks 22 wherein the spreader 23 is connected with
the pipe 25 which transfers the heat to the evaporating pipe 8 and also with the
flame pipe 24 perforated in the known manner at its upper part and which
pushed into the inner wick tube 3 and at the same time centres the evaporating
pipe 8.
The apparatus works as follows:—
The wick 2 is raised in its guiding tubes 3 and 4, lighted, and allowed to burn
with a small white flame. All the metal work above the flame is thus heated so
that in a short time steam is developed from the wicks 16. This steam goes
through the fine holes 18 of the cross disk 11 into the super. heating chamber 12
where it is strongly overheated by the hot metal walls. From there the steam
passes through the small pipe 19 into the steam collecting chamber 14 whence
it goes upwards through the nozzles 15 into the inuer air draught pipe 3.
This outflow of the steam at considerable pressure causes the steam jets to
work like injectors and draw air with great force upwards to the preliminary
white burning flame which will be perceptible when this flame begins to burn blue
here and there. Then the wick is screwed out as far that by the right distance
between the upper wick border and the spreader the right proportion for the
mixture of air and petroleum vapours is obtained and the flame will be seen to burn
entirely blue on the outer surface of the wick. This blue flame burns then con-
tinually, the water incessantly evaporating by the radiant heat of the flame, and
without flickering; moreover it can be regulated as desired by screwing the wick
up or down, which adjustment is very important for cooking apparatus.
The steam itself has no direct influence upon the formation of the blue flame
but only by the air that is to say the oxygen therein contained and conducted by
the same abundantly to the petroleum vapours developed at the upper wick end;
the steam passing into the petroleum vapour air mixture escapes unaltered into
the atmosphere.
As mentioned already for this apparatus though its wick lies free at its mouth,
neither the usual chimney for the air draught, nor the use of a special aiding
flame is required to produce the necessary vapour moreover the steam carries from
below so much oxygen for the Bunsen flame that the presence of the steam itself
does not reduce the flame.
This apparatus unites the Bunsen flame with an automatic gas producer re-
placing the chimney by the arrangement for drawing up the combustion air.
Of course in the construction of such apparatus it is not essential to use round
burners any kind of open burner can be used, also the liquid receivers may be
arranged in any suitable manner; instead of water also a mixture of water and
spirit or pure spirit may be used also any other material containing a volatile
hydro-carbon which easily is evaporated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what I claim is:
1. An apparatus for producing a blue burning heating flame on petroleum 5
burners with free upper wick end, especially for cooking purposes wherein without
the use of a chimney a strong suction of air and abundant conduction thereof to
the flame is effected by steam produced by the direct influence of the heating
flame itself.
2. A form of the arrangement of Claim 1 wherein for readucima.

page_text: heated steam inside the wick tube for sucking up of the combustion air a second
pipe is placed at a suitable interval serving as evaporator and divided into 3
compartments of which the uppermost heated direct by the flame is used for
superheating the steam of the middle compartment lying thereunder, where the
steam is developed from the liquid elevated by the suction wick, and wherein the
superheated vapours are taken from the uppermost compartment into the under-
most steam collecting compartment and escape thence through nozzle openings
arranged underneath the flame under pressure into the inner wick tube itself where
without the use of a chimney they produce a strong suction of air and an abundant
conduction thereof to the flame.
3. A form of the arrangement claimed in 1 and 2 wherein a flame spreader
of the known kind arranged underneath the superheating chamber of the evapo-
rator tube transfers the heat delivered by the flame to the evaporator thus aug-
menting the evaporation such flame spreader being connected with a pipe or the
like surrounding the evaporator tube.
T
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London.