IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR DRYING OR CARBONIZING AND DISTILLING, APPLICABLE TO WOOD SHAVINGS, TANNERS' BARK, PARAFFIN SHALE, BONE MEAL, CORN, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the
"
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
OR MACHINERY FOR DRYING OR CARBONIZING AND DISTILLING, APPLICABLE
TO WOOD SHAVINGS, TANNERS' BARK, PARAFFIN SHALE, BONE MEAL, CORN,
AND OTHER MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by F. Storiner,
of Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th August 1881.
"
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR DRYING OR CARBONIZING
AND DISTILLING, APPLICABLE TO WOOD SHAVINGS, TANNERS' BARK, PARAFFIN
SHALE, BONE MEAL, CORN, AND OTHER MATERIALS." A communication from
abroad by F. Stormer, of Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway.
Apparatus constructed according to this Invention consists of the following
principal parts:-An upright retort, by preference of a parallel or conical form, and
of cylindrical or elliptical section, and an interior stirring appliance consisting of
a spindle provided with conical rings having outer flanges or part flanges, the rings
being placed so as to leave intermediate spaces. The retort may be of cast or
sheet iron or of fireproof material, and set in brickwork with flues.
The material
to be dried is admitted at top, and gradually drops down from ring to ring,
clogging being prevented by the motion of the stirring appliance; this motion inay
be oscillating, or continuously, or intermittently revolving. The material finds its
exit at the bottom of the retort, which may there be fitted with one or more plugs
or doors; the bottom may be conical and have a central exit plug.
If the apparatus is used for drying corn or other material not requiring so great
heat, the retort or mantle may be heated by steam.
When the apparatus is used for drying, the material drops down into an open
space below, but when applied for carbonizing and distilling the space below is
closed airtight; the vapours have their exit at top or at other convenient place or
places.
The stirring appliance may be made in the form of a perforated cylinder, having
the aforesaid outer flanges or part flanges; for the distilling apparatus the stirring
appliance may be made of fireproof material.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th February 1882.
"
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR DRYING OR CARBONIZING
AND DISTILLING, APPLICABLE. TO WOOD SHAVINOS, TANNERS' BARK, PARAFFIN
SHALE, BONE MEAL, CORN, AND OTHER MATERIALS." A communication from
abroad by F. Stormer, of Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway.
Apparatus constructed according to this Invention consists of the following
principal parts-An upright retort, by preference of a parallel or conical form, and
of cylindrical or elliptical section, and an interior stirring. appliance consisting of
a spindle provided with conical rings having outer flanges or part flanges, the rings
being placed so as to leave intermediate spaces. The retort may be of cast or
sheet iron or of fireproof material and set in brickwork with flues. The material
to be dried is admitted at top and gradually drops down from ring to ring, clogging
being prevented by the motion of the stirring appliance; this motion may be
oscillating or continuously or intermittently revolving. The material finds its
exit at the bottom of the retort, which may there be fitted with one or more plugs
or doors; the bottom may be conical and have a central exit plug.
If the apparatus is used for drying corn or other material not requiring so great
heat, the retort or mantle may be beated by steam.
When the apparatus is used for drying, the material drops down into an open
space below, but when supplied for carbonizing and distilling the space below is
closed air tight; the vapors have their exit at top or at other convenient place or
places.
The stirring appliance may be made in the form of a perforated cylinder having
the aforesaid outer flanges or part flanges; the stirring appliance may also be
made of burnt clay or fire proof material.
And in order that this Invention may be more fully understood, I will proceed
to describe it with reference to the accompanying Drawings, of which Figure 1 is
a vertical sectional view of a drying apparatus constructed according to this
Invention and suitable for drying wood shavings, tanners' bark, and many other
materials by furnace flue heat. Figure 2 is a similar view of an apparatus for
drying corn and other materials by steam heat.
In Figure 1, C is a retort which is set in brickwork A, and may be made of
sheet iron or cast iron or of fire proof material, such as tiles, in rings held together
by cement; B, B, are flues which may be arranged in any suitable manner around
the retort and in communication with some fire place or furnace; the retort C is
by preference of a cylindrical form or of a slightly conical form; D is a central
spindle or shaft which by means of suitable gearing, such for instance as a spur
wheel, and pinion N and O, bevil gearing R and S, and strap pulley T, receives
slow revolving or oscillating motion. On this shaft are mounted in any suitable
manner a number of conical rings E of iron or other suitable material, having each
two horizontal flanges e; these rings are so placed as to leave intermedite spaces;
there may be one or more such flange e on each cone ring E, or instead of complete
flanges e there may be parts of flanges, which may be placed at different heights
on each ring E; these rings and flanges constitute a stirring apparatus, and while
supporting the weight of the material under treatment, prevent it from clogging.
K is a hopper at the top of the retort, and L a conical bottom for the retort
formed with a circular hole, which can be closed by means of a plug P that by
means of a lever M can be raised or lowered as required for closing or opening
and for regulating the outflow perfectly as required.

page_text: The material to be dried, carbonized, or distilled, is fed in from the top and
escapes at the central bottom opening. The vapors or other fluid or liquid products
escape at the top by a pipe I or at the bottom by a pipe J. As the material
descends into the retort between its inner side and the rings E it is retarded in
its descent and retained by flauges E sufficiently to be well acted on by the heat,
but the revolving of the rings E and flanges e stirs the material so as to prevent
it from clogging.
When this apparatus is used for distilling the bottom aperture terminates into
a closed receiver, and the rings E and flanges e may then be made of fire proof
material; this may also be used for drying purposes.
The apparatus shewn at Figure 2 for drying corn is very similar to Figure 1,
only that the retort or cylinder C is surrounded by a steam jacket or chamber C²,
which is supplied with steam by pipe and valve a, while the condensed water
escapes by the pipe and cock b.
The apparatus shown, Figure 1, may also be used for drying corn.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention and
the manner in which the same is carried into effect as communicated to me, I
declare that I claim,-
First. The combination of a vertical retort heated from without, and having
inlet opening for the material to be treated, and outlet openings for the dried or
charred material, and for the fluid part of the material and interior stirring
apparatus, consisting of conical rings (or a cylinder) with projecting flanges or part
flanges, and means for moving the stirring apparatus, all substantially as set
forth.
Second. The combination of parts forming the improved drying, charring, and
distilling apparatus, as described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
E. G. BREWER.
(L.S.)