Improvements in Ventilating Shaft Tops or Cowls.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 11th Apr., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Shaft Tops or Cowls.
THOMAS ERNEST CROSSLING, Central Exchange Chambers, 50, Grainger Street,
Architect and Surveyor; Newcastle-on-Tyne. I do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
A ventilator being made that the application of air in motion and under pressure
to enter a shaft, or tube curved, the mouth of tube being trumpet shaped the air
passing in becomes under pressure in passing along the tube or shaft, and in passing,
produces a partial vacuum which produces a strong up-current in the up-cast shaft
or tube, these two airs having become as one they again are caught by another
outward air which in its range causes a partial vacuum and in so doing causes
both to pass away or out into the open air.
The ventilator being made of any suitable kind of material, it will adapt and being
intended for the ventilation of railway carriages, road vehicles, or any kind of
conveyance, also in ventilation of ships, mines, dwellings or in any other
manner.
CL1000
T. ERNEST CROSSLING.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Shaft Tops or Cowls.
I, THOMAS ERNEST CROSSLING, formerly of 50, Grainger Street, now of
1, Percy Terrace, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Architect and Surveyor, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in ventilating shaft tops and chimney
cowls and has for its object to render such tops or cowls simple in construction and
efficient in action.
The invention consists in so constructing the top or cowl that air in motion is
caused to pass over or near to the top of an up-cast shaft and create a partial
vacuum therein in this manner producing a strong up current. The top or cowl is
also so made that these two air currents, after being intermingled with one another,
are caught by another outward air current, which in its range, creates a
vacuum and in so doing causes the intermingled current to pass out into the
open air.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have here-
unto appended three explanatory sheets of drawings showing, by way of example
adaptations of my invention.
Fig. 1. of the drawings shows my invention as applied for ventilating railway
and other carriages, ships' cabins &c. The ventilator is shown in section. It
consists of a tube or pipe, A., of metal or other suitable material having two flared
or trumpet shaped mouths D. D¹. The tube A is preferably round or oval in
shape as indicated, in dotted lines, at B. B is the up-cast shaft, leading from the
carriage or other interior E, which may be tapered or narrowed at its upper end B².
The tube A, which is preferably contracted somewhat at the parts A³, is so made,
as shown, that the air entering at either opening D or D' will pass upwards through
the contracted part A³ and partially over or beside the mouth B2 of the shaft B so
as to create a partial vacuum therein and induce an up-current. In Fig. 1 the wind
is shown, by the arrows, as entering at D₁ and becoming intermingled with the
Pain Q77

page_text: exhausted air ascending the shaft B. The two currents pass directly out through
the narrow neck or opening A where they are caught and carried off by a third
current entering the hollow cap C at C. The intermingled curents escape at C².
A vacuum is created at A' by the passage of the horizontal current through the
cap C.
When a railway carriage is travelling in an opposite direction from that indicated
by the arrow at G, the air currents will, of course, enter the cowl at B' (left
hand side of fig.) and C2 and will act in precisely the same manner as before.
A are drip slits or holes for water.
When the extractor cowl Fig. 1 is being used on board ship a hinged sliding or
other cover (shown dotted at H) may be fitted over either the mouth D or D' and
covering say of it. This cover prevents more water entering, if the extractor is
struck by seas in stormy weather, than it can run off. There also may be fitted
on or over the cap C, to prevent seas entering at C₁, a cover I, shown dotted, which
has in it a slit or groove K so that the cover may slide on the pin I'. Jis a handle.
The cover is shown in dotted lines as slid down from its normal position on top of
the cap so as to cover the opening C¹.
Fig. 2, shows my invention as it may be applied on board ship. B is the up-
cast or ventilating shaft. E the cabin or other interior. A the extractor fitted in
this case in a vertical position on the top bent end of shaft B. The extractor is
surmounted by the usual ships' air inlet D2 shown broken off. M is the deck. The
action is the same as in Fig. 1 the air entering at D2 and passing as indicated by
the arrows. Should any water enter the hood D it runs straight through the
extractor and out at D. A' is a drip hole.
Fig. 3 shows my invention as adapted for chimneys. B is the chimney or flue
upon which a lower extension A5 of the extractor is so fitted as to revolve. The
extractor, which is shown without the part D but having in lieu thereof a.wind
vane N, revolves like an ordinary cowl, on a spindle O (shown dotted) and
bearings O¹ and 0%. The wind enters at D¹ and C, as before, the vane keeping
the cowl to the wind.
The extractor when used for halls, dwellings &c. may be made with four, six,
eight, or other suitable number of sides.
The invention may be slightly altered to suit different requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A shaft top or cowl constructed and operating substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the drawings annexed.
Dated this 9th day of March 1891.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.