IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING VELVETS, VELVETEENS, AND OTHER PILE FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Renshaw, of Ordsal Lane, Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING VELVETS, VELVETEENS, AND OTHER
PILE FABRICS."
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING VELVETS, VELVETEENS, AND OTHER
PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 18th January 1861, and dated the 27th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Renshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
27th July 1860.
I, JOSEPH RENSHAW, of Ordsal Lane, Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING VELVETS, VELVETEENS, AND
OTHER PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or additions to the
machinery for finishing velvets and other piled goods or fabrics, for which
Letters Patent were granted to me on the Twenty-second June, One thousand
eight hundred and forty-six.
According to my present improvements, the fabric is operated upon by two

page_text: waxing rollers, which bave a lateral motion imparted to them in addition to a
slow rotary motion produced by ratchet wheels, worm wheels, and worms;
the fabric then passes under a third waxing roller to the pegging slab, which
is provided with a pegging bar moving to and fro as usual, but this pegging
bar is weighted by an improved arrangement of levers, rods, and weights.
The table of the pegging slab consists of two parts fitting together by a
diagonal joint, and each part is acted upon by a screw or other machinery for
moving them laterally. By this means the edges of the table can be made to
approach or recede from each other to suit the selvages of fabrics of different
widths. After the fabric leaves the pegging table, it is taken under a roller,
and is acted upon by a brush working to and fro in the direction of the fabric;
it then passes over another roller and under an endless belt furnished with
brushes which act on the pile in the direction from selvage to selvage. The
rollers for supplying and taking off the fabric, the stretching bars, and the
brush for removing the loose fibres are made in the usual manner. I wish
also to remark that the particulars given above may be varied or modified.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Renshaw in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
RENSHAW, of Ordsal Lane, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Renshaw, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Renshaw,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Renshaw, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING VELVETS, VELVETEENS, AND OTHER
PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph

page_text: Renshaw, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be perforined, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Renshaw, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The nature of my Invention consists in certain improvements in or additions
to the machinery for finishing velvets and other piled goods or fabrics, for
which Letters Patent were granted to me on the Twenty-second day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, and by which improvements or
additions a superior finish is produced.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a side elevation; Figure 2, an end elevation; and Figure 3, a
plan of a finishing machine to which my improvements are applied. a is the
driving shaft, to which is fixed the crank 6 for giving a vibrating motion to
the levers c, by the forked connecting rod d. To the levers c are jointed the
rods e, which impart a vibrating motion to the levers f; these levers are
hinged to the driving shaft a, and to the upper ends of them are connected the
rods f, which impart a lateral to-and-fro motion to the two waxing rollers g;
these rollers revolve in bearings in the frame g', and they are turned slowly
round by means of the worms g' on the shaft g, to which is also fixed a
ratchet wheel g'. The catch of this ratchet wheel, seen best in Figure 2, is
moved one or more teeth at every to-and-fro motion of the frame g¹ by the
rod g, which is inclined at one end, and passes through a hole in the catch
lever. The worms 9 gear into wheels fixed to the axles of the rollers g.
The vibrating levers c impart a to-and-fro motion to the pegging bar h in the
contrary direction to that of the waxing rollers g, by means of the rods h¹,
and the pegging bar slides up and down on the pegging slab h, which is placed.
in a slanting position, as now customary.
.The mode of weighting the pegging bar, and of raising it off the fabric at
each end of its traverse, are clearly shewn in the Drawing, and form no part
of my present Invention. The brush rail i is connected to the frame g' of the

page_text: waxing rollers g by the rods , and consequently has a simultaneous to-and-
fro motion imparted to it; j is a roller, over which is placed the endless band
with brushes k; and is a revolving brush which is placed between the roller j
and the roller m, which is covered with card fillet, and acts on the back of the
fabric to draw it through the machine; this roller and the wisk n and taking-
up roller n are made in the usual manner.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The fabric to be finished is
represented by the line o, and it is supplied to the machine on a roller or
otherwise, as may be found most convenient. The fabric passes over and
under the stretching bars p, round the stay bar g, and over the roller r, which
is covered with card fillet, as now customary; it then passes under the waxing
rollers g,
the lateral to-and-fro and rotatory motions of which supply the requi-
site uniform amount of wax to the pile surface of the fabric, which then passes
under the rollers to the pegging slab he. The action of the pegging bar h is
similar to that described in the Specification of the former Letters Patent
granted to me, and above referred to. In this case the to-and-fro motion given
to the bar h is in the opposite direction to that of the waxing rollers g, thus
causing the one motion to counteract the other, and relieve the fabric from
undue strain. After the fabric has left the pegging slab ³, it passes under
the roller t and under the brush i, which, as before described, moves to and
fro, and thereby raises the pile of the fabric which has been laid by the action
of the pegging bar h. The fabric is then taken to the roller j, and in passing
over it is acted upon by the endless band of brushes k, which raise the pile in
a direction at right angles to that of the brush i; the pile of the fabric is
further brushed up by the revolving brush / before it passes over the roller m,
by which the fabric is drawn forward through the machine; from the roller m
the fabric passes under the roller v, and thence over the rail w, where it is
subjected to the action of the wisk n, by which the loose fibres are removed;
it is then wound up on the roller n' in the usual manner. By means of these
improvements a bright and lustrous finish is imparted to velvets, velveteens,
and other piled fabrics, and cotton fabrics are made more closely to resemble
silk than by the machinery now known and in use.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I limit my claims to
the following parts, namely,―
First, I claim the use of one or more waxing rollers revolving on their
axes, and moving to and fro when applied to machinery for finishing piled
fabrics, as described.

page_text: Secondly, the application of the brush i, to which a to-and-fro motion is given
for raising the pile after the fabric has been operated upon by the pegging
bar, as described.
And, thirdly, the application of the revolving brush 1 for raising the pile
before the fabric is taken to the taking-up roller, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Renshaw, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
JOSEPH RENSHAW. (L.s.)