MENTS IN WOOD-CUTTING MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Allen Ransome, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN WOOD-CUTTING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 22nd June 1869, and dated the 17th February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Allen Ransome at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th February 1869.
I, ALLEN RANSOME, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD-CUTTING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "Improvements in Wood-cutting Machinery" relates
to that class of machinery which is used for joinery purposes, and more
particularly to the machines known as "general joiners" or universal
joiners, in which are combined the necessary tools and appliances for
carrying on several different operations of joinery, such as mortising
tenoning, planing, sawing, moulding, and boring.

page_text: My first improvement relates to the planing part of the machine, in
which I employ two rotary adze blocks provided with cutters; one
block is intended to plane the upper surface of the wood and the other
to plane the under surface. The wood rests upon and is drawn or
pushed along a table in which is made an opening for the lower rotary
planing tool or cutter to act on the wood. The spindles on which
these cutter blocks are fixed or secured are distinct from the saw
spindle and are actuated from the driving shaft by means of separate
gearing, so that either the planing tools or the saw may be worked or
stopped without interfering the one with the other. When required the
rotary planing adze blocks and cutters may be removed from their
spindles and tenoning blocks with suitable cutters may be substituted
for them, or moulding cutters may be affixed to the planing blocks for
cutting single or double mouldings. When the machine is used for
planing or moulding the wood is fed forward by means of a pair of
rollers, one placed above and the other below the table, and made to
bear against and nip the wood by being pressed against it by springs,
weighted levers, or otherwise. A regular and constant rotary motion is
given to these rollers by means of right and left handed worms on a
vertical shaft which is driven by a band from the driving or any other
suitable shaft. These right and left handed worms gear into and drive
worm wheels on the axles of the feeding rollers, which are capable
of a limited vertical motion in moveable bearings or slotted standards so
that they may yield to any inequalities in the thickness of the timber
that is being operated upon.
As a modification of the above the worm wheels on the feeding
rollers may be actuated by two right-handed worms on separate vertical
shafts which may be driven by bevil or spur gear or in any other
convenient manner.
These improvements in the feeding motion are applicable to various
kinds of wood-cutting machinery in which it is required to feed forward
the timber in a constant and regular manner. It will be evident that
my improved feeding motion will admit of operating upon planks or
boards of different thicknesses within a moderate range without the
necessity of making any change in the parts.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Allen Ransome in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALLEN
RANSOME, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Allen Ransome, Her special
licence that I, the said Allen Ransome, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Allen Ransome, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WOOD-CUTTING MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Allen Ransome, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Allen Ransome, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
My Invenion of "Improvements in Wood-cutting Machinery" relates
to that class of machinery which is used for joinery purposes, and more
particularly to the machines known as "general joiners" or "universal
joiners," in which are combined the necessary tools and appliances for

page_text: carrying on several different operations of joinery, such as morticeing,
tenoning, planing, sawing, moulding, and borcing.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn various views of a
"general joiner" constructed and arranged according to my present
Invention.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine shewing the planing part of
the machine in operation; Fig. 2 is a back view of the same; Fig. 3 is a
front view shewing the saw bench and saw; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the
planing table; Fig. 5 is a vertical section of part of the machine shewing
the feeding rollers in elevation.
My first improvement relates to the planing part of the machine, in
which I employ two rotary adze blocks a, a, provided with cutters; one
block is intended to plane the upper surface of the wood and the other
to plane the under surface. The wood rests upon and is drawn or pushed
along a table 6 in which is made an opening for the lower rotary planing
tool or cutter to act on the wood. The spindles a', a', on which these
cutter blocks a, a, are fixed or secured are distinct from the saw spindle,
and are actuated from the driving shaft c (Figures 1 and 2) by means of
separate gearing. consisting of bands and pullies, so that either the
planing tools a, a, or the saw d may be worked or stopped without inter-
fering the one with the other. When required the rotary planing adze
blocks and cutters a, a, may be removed from their spindles a¹, a', and
tenoning blocks e, e, may be substituted for them and secured on the
spindles a, a, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7, which are side and back
elevations of the machine arranged for tenoning, or moulding cutters
may be secured to the planing blocks a, a, for cutting single or double
mouldings. When the machine is used for planing or moulding the
wood g is fed forward by means of a pair of rollers f, f, one placed above
and the other below the table b, and made to bear against and nip the
wood by being pressed against it by a weighted lever h (Figures 2, 4,
and 5) or by springs or otherwise. A regular and constant rotary motion
is given to these rollers by means of right and left handed worms i, i, on
a vertical shaft it which is driven by a covered pulley j acting against a
horizontal disc k on the lower end of the shaft i¹ and actuated by a band
from the driving or any other suitable shaft. These right and left handed
worms i, i, gear into and drive worm wheels on the axles of the feeding
rollers, which are capable of a limited vertical motion in moveable

page_text: bearings or slotted standards f* so that they may yield to any ine-
qualities in the thickness of the timber that is being operated upon.
As a modification of the above the worm wheels f¹ on the axles of the
feeding rollers may be actuated by two right-handed worms on separate
vertical shafts which may be driven by hevil or spur gear or in any other
convenient manner,
These improvements in the feeding motion are applicable to various
kinds of wood-cutting machinery in which it is required to feed forward
the timber in a constant and regular manner, It will be evident that
my improved feeding motion will admit of operating upon planks or
boards of different thicknesses within a moderate range without the
necessity of making any change in the parts,
In witness whereof, I, the said Allen Ransome, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
HENRY F, HAILES,
66, Ohancery Lane,
ALLEN RANSOME. (L.S.)