Improvements in or connected with Brushes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 4th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 4th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Brushes.
We, DANIEL ALIXANDER MCDONEL, of the City of Windsor, County of
Essex, in the Province of Ontario and Dominion of Canada, Brush Maker, JOHN
JAMES HARLEY of 27, Old Haymarket Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
Tool Maker, and WILLIAM HENRY MAKIN DRAPER of 4 Inner Temple
Liverpool, aforesaid Solicitor do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
According to this invention, in brushes having a plurality of sets of bristles,
fibres, or hairs, the outer recesses or grooves in which the bristles, fibres, or hairs
are held, are inclined outwards, and the outer bearing surface and support
therefor is greater than the surface of the others, and moreover a relatively
greater thickness of the brush back material between the bottom portion of such
grooves or recesses and the outside is afforded, and the strength of the back
preserved in consequence. The inner set or sets of grooves or recesses, is or are,
as the case may be, vertically, or substantially vertically arranged or disposed in
relation to the back of the brush.
To render the gripping of bristles, fibres, or hairs within their recesses or
grooves effective, we provide two or more slots or cuts at the bottom of said
grooves or recesses, and when the bristles, fibres, or hairs have been placed in
position, the body of the back of the brush is drawn together by spikes, staples,
rivets, nails or the like, and the sides of the recesses or grooves brought firmly to
bear upon, and grip the bristles, fibres, or hairs, the slots or grooves of course
enabling this compression to take place.
In one form of brush back, we provide three or more longitudinal grooves for
the reception of the bristles, fibres, or hairs, and a groove at each end running into
and connecting the longitudinal grooves. In this way the grooves become endless
channels with a body of wood running all round the brush.
As a modification of this construction, the inner groove or grooves, in some
cases, is or are carried only partially through, so that a portion or portions of the
inner part of the brush would not be provided with bristles, fibres, or hairs, and a
greater body of material is left for receiving and holding the handle.
The removal of the material in the formation of the grooves may be effected by
a rotary cutting tool.
The bristles, fibres, or hairs may be held in place when of single lengths, by
pitch or other means, and when of double length they may be bent and doubled
and caught and held in place by wire, rods, or wood or other laths, such wire, rods,
or laths being suitably secured in place to the material of the back of the brush.
It is to be understood that the herein described improvements may be employed
alone, or in any suitable combination, and applied to the different kinds of brushes
to which they are applicable or suitable: also such improvements may be in
themselves modified to suit the different applications of the invention.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1890.
CHEESBROCH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Brushes.
We, DANIEL ALIXANDER MCDONEL, of the City of Windsor, County of
Essex, in the Province of Ontario and Dominion of Canada, Brush Maker, JOHN
JAMES HARLEY, of 27 Old Haymarket Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Tool Maker and WILLIAM HENRY MAKIN DRAPER of 4 Inner Temple,
Liverpool aforesaid, Solicitor do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
According to this invention, in brushes having a plurality of sets of bristles,
fibres, or hairs, the outer recesses or grooves in which the bristles, fibres, or hairs
are held, are inclined outwards, and the outer bearing surface and support
therefor is greater than the surface of the others, and moreover a relatively
greater thickness of the brush back material between the bottom portion of such
grooves or recesses and the outside is afforded, and the strength of the back
preserved in consequence. The inner set or sets of grooves or recesses, is or are, as
the case may be, vertically, or substantially vertically arranged or disposed in
relation to the back of the brush.
To render the gripping of the bristles, fibres, or hairs within their recesses or
grooves effective, we provide two or more slots or cuts at the bottom of said
grooves or recesses, and when the bristles, fibres, or hairs have been placed in
position, the body of the back of the brush is drawn together by spikes, staples,
rivets, nails, or the like, and the sides of the recesses or grooves are brought firmly
upon, and grip the bristles, fibres or hairs, the slots or grooves of course enabling
this compression to take place.
In one form of brush back, we provide three or more longitudinal grooves for
the reception of the bristles, fibres, or hairs, and a groove at each end running into
and connecting the longitudinal grooves. In this way the grooves become endless
channels with a body of wood running all round the brush.
As a modification of this construction, the inner groove or grooves, in some
cases, is or are carried only partially through, so that a portion or portions of the
inner part of the brush would not be provided with bristles, fibres, or hairs, and a
greater body of material is left for receiving and holding the handle.
The removal of the material in the formation of the grooves may be effected
by a rotary cutting tool.
The bristles, fibres, or hairs may be held in place when of single lengths, by
pitch or other means, and when of double length they may be bent and doubled
and caught and held in place by wire, rods, or wood or other laths, such wire, rods,
or laths being suitably secured in place to the material of the back of the brush.
Having thus generally described the object, and nature of the invention, we will
now proceed to describe it with reference to the annexed three sheets of drawings
which form a part of this Specification and which are marked with letters and
figures of reference corresponding with those used in the following explanation,
like letters and figures being used to denote the same or corresponding parts
throughout the several figures.

page_text: Figure 3 is an end elevation in cross section of a brush having grooves at each
end.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 shew plans of different forms of brush backs, showing the
grooves therein.
Figures 7 and 8 are end elevations in section of brushes shewing the grooves in
the brush back provided with slots or cuts.
Figure 9 is a plan of the brush back shewn in Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a side elevation in section; and
Figure 11 is an end elevation in section shewing means which we employ for
holding the bristles, fibres, or hairs in their place in the back of the brush.
With reference to the drawings, A designates the brush back and B the bristles,
fibres, or hairs of the brush. a are recesses or grooves in the back A in which
the bristles, fibres, or hairs are held. In brushes having a plurality of sets of
bristles B, as for example, in brushes of the type shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 7, I
make outer recesses or grooves a to incline outwards, so as to provide a greater
bearing and support at a' for the outer bristles, fibres or hairs and also to obtain a
relatively greater thickness of the material of the back at a², and so give greater
strength to the back. The inner set or sets of recesses or grooves a is or are, as
the case may be, vertical in relation to the back of the brush.
To render the gripping of the bristles, fibres, or hairs B within their recesses
or grooves a more effective we provide two or more slots or cuts b at the bottom of
the grooves u, as shewn in Figures 7 and 8, so that when the bristles, fibres, or
hairs B are placed in the grooves a the body of the back of the brush is drawn
together by spikes or equivalent fastenings c. The sides of the grooves a are
brought to bear firmly upon, and grip the bristles, the fibres, or hairs B, slots or
cuts enabling this to be done.
In one form of brush back A we continue the grooves a right through the back
as shewn at Figure 4. In another form the grooves a are not run right through,
and we provide a groove a³ at each end connecting the grooves a, and so form
endless channels as shewn in Figure 5 with a body of wood running all round the
brush.
As a modification of this construction, the inner groove or grooves a may be
carried only partially through so that the centre portion has no bristles, fibres, or
hairs and a greater body of wood is left at a', as shewn at Figure 6, for receiving
the handle.
The removal of the material in the formation of the grooves a may be effected
by a rotary cutting tool.
The bristles, fibres, or hairs, B may be held in the grooves a when of single
lengths, by pitch or other means and when of double length they may be bent and
doubled and caught and held in place in the grooves a by wire rods or wood or
other laths which are secured by spikes, nails, staples, or equivalent fastenings.
Examples of these fastenings in which wood laths are used, are shewn in
Figures 1 and 2. The laths are marked e, and i designate the securing spikes or
nails. When the grooves a are provided with slots or cuts b, the body of the back
of the brush is drawn together by spikes which pass right through the brush and
are clenched as shewn at Figures 7 and 8.
When the wire rods are used to secure the brushes, fibres, or hairs in the
grooves a, we prefer to turn down the ends of the wires e and to twist a piece of
string, cord, or equivalent material el round the wires as shewn at Figures 10
and 11. This string or cord fills up the groove and prevents the bristles, fibres, or
hairs from breaking or slipping.
In Figure 2 the inner edge of the laths e are rounded to prevent the breaking of
the bristles or fibres in the grooves.
It is to be understood that the herein described improvement may be employed
alone, or in any suitable combination, and applied to the different kinds of brushes
to which they are applicable or suitable; also such improvement may be in
themselves modified to meet the different applications of the invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In brushes having a plurality of sets of bristles, fibres, or hairs, constructing
the back with the outer recesses or grooves inclined outwards and with the outer
bearing surface. thereof greater than the surface of the others; substantially as
set forth.
2. A brush having sets of bristles, fibres, or hairs B set in a back A in grooves
provided therein and held by laths, bars or strips e held to the back A.; substan-
tially as set forth.
3. A brush having a back provided with grooves a a³; substantially as set forth
with reference to Figures 5 and 6.
4. In a brush having a back with a groove at each end (such as a³) the attach-
ment of the bristles fibres, or hairs therein as set forth with reference to Figure 3.
of the drawings.
5. A brush having a back with grooves therein, in which the bristles, hairs, or
fibres are held by laths, bars, or strips e with rounded or curved edges, substantially
as set forth with reference to Figure 2 of the drawings.
6. A brush having a back with grooves or recesses therein to receive the
bristles, fibres, or hairs and with a cut or cuts (b) at the bottoms of such grooves or
recesses for the purposes set forth.
7. In a brush having grooves or recesses to receive the hairs, bristles, or fibres,
and bars, rods, or wires or laths, the means or constructions substantially as
described by which said bars, wires, rods or laths are held in place and pressure
brought upon the bristles, hairs, or fibres, in the groove.
8. In a brush having a back with a groove or grooves
therein to receive
the bristles, fibres, or hairs, the attachment of such bristles, fibres, or hairs by
the means substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 10 and 11 of the
drawings.
9. The brushes consisting of the backs A, bristles hairs or fibres B, bars or
laths and means for holding said bars or laths in position particularly as set forth
respectively, with reference to Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 7, Figures 8 and 9, and
Figures 10 and 11 of the drawings.
Dated this Third day of September 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.