IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CUT PILED FABRICS DOUBLE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Sussex Place, Lough-
borough Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CUT PILED FABRICS DOUBLE."-
A communication from Erastus B. Bigelow, of Boston, United States of
America.
Sealed the 2nd June 1857, and dated the 12th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bous-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th December 1856.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CUT PILED FABRICS DOUBLE," to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to the mode of organizing certain parts of the
power loom for weaving cut piled fabrics double, whereby the motions of the
jacquard machine, shuttles, and pile wires are brought into different relative
co-operation from what has heretofore been done, the object being in part to
obviate the difficulty of making an even selvage, consequent upon the figuring
warps as they pass from one fabric to the other crossing the other warps
forward of the fell or cloth-forming line, and in part also to form the fabrics

page_text: woven, whether of double or single bind shot velvets, in the same manner
with respect to the said binding shots as when such fabrics are woven single.
One part consists in the modo of operating the shuttles in power looms for
weaving cut piled fabrics double, whereby they are operated separately, (that is,
one shuttle to be passed while the other is at rest,) to introduce the top or
binding shot or shots of weft into their respective fabrics and together, (that is,
the shuttles for both fabrics to be passed at the same time,) to introduce the
back or ground shots of weft.
Another part of the improvements consists in the mode of operating the
pile wires for. keeping the two fabrics apart, whereby each of said wires is
withdrawn and inserted twice at each operation of the system of motions of
the loom, by which double action of said wires the figuring warps each and
every time they are carried from one fabric to the other are pushed home to
the fell or cloth-forming line; thus the shed is cleared and the filling allowed
to be suitably drawn in to form the selvages of the cloth.
Another part of the improvements also consists in the mode of combining.
the cams which operate the shuttles, the pile wires, and the jacquard machine,
whereby said parts are made to co-operate in the required order of time to
produce the fabrics specified.
And another part of the improvements also consists in the employment of
clearing rods, wires, or bars to be inserted and withdrawn at each crossing of
the figuring warps, to clear the shed and force said figuring warps home to the
fell or cloth-forming line to allow the filling to be suitably drawn in to form
the selvages of the cloth; and this part of the improvements also consists in
giving to the lathe a double beat, the first beat being to push said clearing
rods, wires, or bars forward to clear the shed and force home the figuring
warps, and the other to beat up the filling after the said rods, wires, or bars
have been withdrawn.
The main parts of the loom may be similar to those described in the Speci-
fication of a Patent granted to me for improvements in looms, dated
December 14th, 1855, (and numbered 2826).
In the application just alluded to the lathe is described as having three
strokes for one operation of the system of motions of the looms, the shuttles
as being passed simultaneously through their respective fabrics, and the pile
wires as being operated successively, and only once at each of said system of
motions.
In the new organization of the loom the lathe may have three or five strokes
at one operation of the system of motions of the loom, that is, five strokes for
double shot velvet cloth and three for single shot velvet cloth. In organizing

page_text: the loom for the double shot cloth, or that requiring five beats of the lathe to
complete one operation, the shuttles move in such order with respect to each
other, as well as in respect to other parts of the loom, that the shuttle of
one fabric is at rest while the shuttle of the other fabric puts the two-face or
binding shots into it, then after the two shuttles have thus put in their
respective face or binding shots, requiring four of said five strokes of the lathe,
the two shuttles are passed simultaneously to put in the back shot of filling in
their respective fabrics, thus completing the five strokes of the lathe, con-
stituting one operation of said system of motions. During the operation of
each system of motions of the loom a pile wire is withdrawn and inserted
twice, once for each movement of the trap boards of the double jacquard
machine, and at the same stage of the action of the loom at which the first
of the two-face or binding shots of filling is being respectively introduced, by
which double action of the pile wires the figuring warps as they cross from
one fabric to the other, and vice versa, are brought home to the fell or cloth-
forming lines, so as to allow the filling to be drawn home and form a true
selvage.
During each operation of the system of motions of the loom also and at
appropriate times with respect to the other motions just alluded to, the
jacquard machine carries the figuring warps (or such threads thereof as are
required to form the figure) alternately from one fabric to the other, the cords
or males of both parts of said jacquard machine moving in the same direction
at the same time.
In organizing the cloth for single-shot cloth, or that in which three beats of
the lathe are required to complete one operation, the pile wires have a double
action; the shuttles alternately put the face or binding shot of filling into their
respective fabrics separately, and the back shots simultaneously, and the
jacquard machine alternately carries the required figuring threads from one
fabric to the other, as in the double-shot fabric, the substantial features of the
organization being the same in both cases.
The pile wires for keeping the two fabrics apart may be operated by a hook
and carrier, as described in the application above alluded to, except the carrier
is to have two motions for each wire; first, a motion to insert the wire after it
has received it from the hook, then another to draw said wire out again and
reinsert it, the first insertion taking place after the first movement of the trap
boards, and the second insertion after the return movement of said trap boards.
The carrier is provided with a latch or hook to hold the wire as it is drawn
from the cloth for its second insertion. After either insertion of a wire its
approach towards the fell of the cloth should be in unison with the lathe,

page_text: so that the wire shall be pushed forward by the reed, and force the figuring
threads which have been carried by the jacquard machine from one fabric to
the other up to the cloth-forming line, thus obviating the difficulty of making
a good selvage, which has heretofore been experienced, by reason of the said
figuring warps crossing forward of the said cloth-forming line, which will be at
a greater or less distance therefrom in proportion to the distance the two
fabrics are kept asunder. The shuttles may be operated either as fly shuttles
or by a positive mechanical motion. If fly shuttles are to be used, the
picker staff for projecting them may be brought into action in the required
order of time, by means of hooks, cams, and treadles, said hooks being so
arranged as to engage with the treadles to throw their respective shuttles, and
to be free from them when the said shuttles are to remain at rest. If the
shuttles are to be operated by a positive mechanical motion, cach shuttle may
have its separate sliding arms (one on either side of the loom), by which they
are to be passed through the web. The sliding arms on either side of the
loom may be operated by a cam and lever respectively, the top of said lever
being connected to the said sliding bars by a connecting bar so arranged that
said lever shall engage with either the one or the other, or both of said
sliding bars, according as the one or the other or both of the shuttles are to be
operated.
As an improved mode of construction, I intend also to operate the wire
carrier for inserting the pile wires of looms for weaving piled fabrics by means
of a vibrating staff, acting on the principle of what is known as a parallel
motion, such, for example, as is now used on looms to drive the shuttle, the
said carrier being suitably attached to the upper end of said staff, and
maintained in the required horizontal line by the said parallel motion. In
lieu of relying upon the pile wires to push the figuring warps home to the fell
or cloth-forming line to form the selvages, as above described, I intend also
to employ other or clearing rods, wires, or bars, which shall be thrust into the
sheds of the linen or ground warps (one in either fabric) after the figuring
warps have been crossed, and in connection with the operation of these rods,
wires, or bars intend to give to the lathe a double beat, the first beat being to
push said rods, wires, or bars sufficiently far forward to force home the
figuring warps to form the selvages and clear the shed, and the other to force
home the filling after the said rods, wires, or bars have been withdrawn.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any timo agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CUT PILED FABRICS DOUBLE," a
communication from Erastus B. Bigelow, of Boston, United States of America,)
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Tomlinson
Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said luvention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
These improvements relato to the mode of organizing certain parts of the
power loom for weaving cut piled fabrics double, whereby the motions of
the jacquard machine shuttles and pile wires are brought into different relative
co-operation from what has heretofore been done, the object being in part to
obviate the difficulty of making an even selvage, consequent upon the figuring
warps as they pass from one fabric to the other crossing the other warps
forward of the fell or cloth-forming line, and in part also to form the fabrics.

page_text: woven, whether of double or single bind shot velvets, in the same manner
with respect to the said binding shots as when such fabrics are woven single.
One part consists in the mode of operating the shuttles in power looms for
making cut piled fabrics double, whereby they are operated separately, (that is,
ono shuttle to be passed while the other is at rest,) to introduce the top or
binding shot or shots of weft into their respective fabrics and together, (that is,
the shuttles for both fabrics is to be passed at the same time,) to introduce the
back or ground shots of weft.
Another part of the improvements consists in the mode of operating the pile
wires for keeping the two fabrics apart, whereby each of said wires is with-
drawn and inserted twice at each operation of the system of motions of the
loom, by which double action of said wires the figuring warps each and every
time they are carried from one fabric to the other are pushed home to the fell
or cloth-forming line; thus the shed is cleared and the filling allowed to be
suitably drawn in to form the selvages of the cloth.
Another part of the improvements also consists in the mode of combining
the cams which operate the shuttles, the pile wires, and the jacquard machine,
whereby said parts are made to co-operate in the required order of time to
produce the fabrics specified.
And another part of the improvements also consists in the employment of
clearing rods, wires, or bars to be inserted and withdrawn at each crossing
of the figuring warps, to clear the shed and force said figuring warps home to
the fell or cloth-forming line to allow the filling to be suitably drawn up
to form the selvages of the cloth; and this part of the improvements also
consists in giving to the lathe a double beat, the first beat being to push said
clearing rods, wires, or bars forward to clear the shed and force home the
figuring warps, and the other to beat up the filling after the said rods, wires,
or bars have been withdrawn. The main parts of the loom may be similar to
those described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me for improve-
ments in looms, dated December 14th, 1855, (and numbered 2826). In the
application just alluded to the lathe is described as having three strokes for
one operation of the system of motions of the loom, the shuttles as being
passed simultaneously through. their respective fabrics, and the pile wires as
being operated successively, and only once at each of said system of motions.
In the new organization of the loom the lathe may have three or five strokes
at one operation of the system of motions of the loom, that is, five strokes for
double-shot velvet cloth and three for single-shot velvet cloth.
In organizing the loom for the double-shot cloth, or that requiring five beats
of the lathe to complete one operation, the shuttles move in such order with

page_text: respect to each other, as well as in respect to other parts of the loom, that the
shuttle of one fabric is at rest while the shuttle of the other fabrics puts tho
two-face or binding shots into it; then after the two shuttles have thus put in.
their respective face or binding shots requiring four of said five strokes of the
lathe, the two shuttles are passed simultaneously to put in the back shot of
filling in their respective fabrics, thus completing the five strokes of the lathe,
constituting one operation of said system of motions. During the operation of
each system of motions of the loom a pile wire is withdrawn and inserted
twice, once for each movement of the trap boards of the double jacquard
machine, and at the same stage of the action of the loom at which the first
of the two-face or binding shots of the filling is being respectively introduced,
by which double action of the pile wires the figuring warps as they cross from
one fabric to the other, and vice versa, are brought home to the fell or cloth-
forming lines, so as to allow the filling to be drawn home and form a truc
selvage. During each operation of the system of motions of the loom also,
and at appropriate times with respect to the other motions just alluded to, the
jacquard machine carries tho figuring warps (or such threads thereof as are
required to form the figure) alternately from one fabric to the other, the cords
or males of both parts of said jacquard machine moving in the same direction, at
the same time. In organizing the loom for single-shot cloth, or that in which
three beats of the lathe are required to complete one operation, the pile wires
have a double action; the shuttles alternately put the face or binding shot of
filling into their respective fabrics separately and the back shots simultaneously,
and the jacquard machine alternately carries the required figuring threads
from one fabric to the other, as in the double-shot fabric, the substantial
features of the organization being the same in both cases. The pile wires
for keeping the two fabrics apart may be operated by a book and carrier,
as described in the application above alluded to, except the carrier is to
have two motions for each wire; first, a motion to insert the wire after
it has received it from the hook, then another to draw said wire out
again and re-insert it, the first insertion taking place after the first movement
of the trap boards, and the second insertion after the return movement
of the trap boards. The carrier is provided with a latch or hook to hold
the wire as it is drawn from the cloth for its second insertion. After
either insertion of a wire its approach towards the fell of the cloth should
be in unison with the lathe, so that the wire shall be pushed forward
by the reed and force the figuring threads which have been carried by the
jacquard machine from one fabric to the other up to the cloth-forming line,
thus obviating the difficulty of making a good selvage, which has heretofore

page_text: been experienced, by reason of the said figuring warps crossing forward of the
said cloth-forming line, which will be a greater or less distance therefrom in
proportion to the distance the two fabrics are kept asunder. The shuttles
may be operated either as fly shuttles or by a positive mechanical motion; if
fly shuttles are to be used, the picker staff for projecting them may be brought
into action in the required order of time by means of hooks, cams, and treadles,
said hooks being so arranged as to engage with the treadles to throw their
respective shuttles and to be free from them when the said shuttles are to
remain at rest. If the shuttles are to be operated by a positive mechanical
motion, each shuttle may have its separate sliding arms (one on either side of
the loom) by which they are to be passed through the web. The sliding arms
on either side of the loom may be operated by a cam and lever respectively,
the top of said lever being connected to the said sliding bars by a connecting
bar so arranged that said lever shall engage with either the one or the other
or both of said sliding bars, according as the one or the other or both of the
shuttles are to be operated. As an improved mode of construction, I intend
also to operate the wire carrier for inserting the pile wires of looms for weaving
piled fabrics by means of a vibrating staff, acting in the principle of what is
known as a parallel motion, such, for example, as is now used on looms to
drive the shuttle, the said carrier being suitably attached to the upper end of
said staff, and maintained in the required horizontal line by the said parallel
motion. In lieu of relying upon the pile wires to push the figuring warps
home to the fell or cloth-forming line to form the selvages, as above described,
I intend also to employ other or clearing rods, wires, or bars, which shall be
thrust into the sheds of the linen or ground warps (one in either fabric) after
the figuring warps bave been crossed, and in connection with the operation of
these rods, wires, or bars intend to give to the lathe a double beat, the first
beat being to push said rods, wires, or bars sufficiently far forward to force
home the figuring warp to form the selvages and clear the shed, and the other
to force home the filling after the said rods, wires, or bars have been with-
drawn.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are the same as those which form a part of the
Specification of a Patent granted to me for improvements in looms, dated
December 14th, 1855, and Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17
are details showing the present improvements. As these improvements have

page_text: relation to the Patent just alluded to, they will be described by reference
thereto, the same letters indicating like parts in both Specifications. In said
Patent of December 14th, 1855, the shuttles of the two fabrics are described
as being uniformly passed from side to side of the loom simultaneously, whereas
in the improved organization said shuttles are sometimes passed together and
sometimes separately, their order of action being varied according to the
character of the fabric to be woven. The shuttle arms (6', b', 6, 61, for carrying
the shuttles have separate ways or supports, so that the levers e', e, by suitable
connections are made to act on one or both of said shuttles at any given
movement, as may be required. To give the double action to the pile wires,
that is, to withdraw and insert each wire twice at every operation of the system
of motions, the acting surfaces of the cams v³, P, and a are duplicated, as
represented in Figures 15, 16, and 17; being the cam for operating the
wire carrier 2; 13, the forked bar; a³ and a¹ the cam which moves said wire
carrier and forked bar towards and from the lathe. The pile wires i, i, are
provided with a notch on the under side of their heads, as represented in
Figures 11 and 12. To draw said pile wires from the cloth for the second
insertion, the binder e' is made in the form of a hook, and locks on to said
notch, when the head of a wire is drawn into the socket of the wire carrier.
After the second insertion of a pile wire the said hook is released to allow
said wire carrier to withdraw itself and return for a new wire. The vibrating
staff regulated by a parallel motion for operating the wire carrier is represented
in Figures 6 and 7. 613 represents said vibrating staff with the wire carrier 22
attached to its upper end. c represents a rock shaft, which rocks in the
bearings d, ds, and guides and supports said vibrating staff 613, the lower end
of said staff being guided by the grooved roller e, while another part thereof
is guided by a slot formed partly by said rock shaft c¹ and partly by the
plate 9 represents the suspension lever, which preserves the upper end
of said vibrating staff 6 in a proper horizontal line during its movement
towards and from the cloth. The motion of said vibrating staff 6 towards.
and from the cloth is given by a grooved cam on the countershaft k¹³, which
acts on the roller ", and, through the medium of the lever 1 and connecting
bar imparts said motions. The top of said vibrating staff 6 is moved
towards and from the lathe to carry the wires successively to the position when,
they are inserted in the shed by rocking said rock shaft cs, which is effected by
a grooved cam on the cam shaft p, which, through the medium of the roller m¹s
and lever n¹s, gives the required motions. The forked bar a³ is supported by.
the arm o, extending upwards from said rock shaft c", which causes it to
move towards and from the lathe in unison with said wire carrier z³. Το

page_text: steady the pile wires as they are being inserted, and to direct the ends thereof
to the wider part of the shed, I give to said forked bar a³ a greater range of
motion than is given to said wire carrier 2, thus deflecting the pile wire
as it is being inserted. When the apparatus is in a position to receive
the wires from the cloth the forked bar a³ is in the position représented
in Figure 10, but when it moves back towards the lathe, to insert a wire, said
forked bar a and the wire carrier assume the relative position shown in
Figure 7. This increased range of notion is given to said forked bar a³ by
connecting it with the treadle n³ (which communicates its vertical motion)
above the centre of oscillation of said rock shaft c, as represented in said
Figure 7. This arrangement of the vibrating staff controlled by a parallel
motion for operation pile wires is applicable, and I intend applying it to looms
for weaving single as well as double fabrics.
Figures 13 and 14 represent a mode of applying tho revolving cutters for
dividing the two fabrics to the loom itself instead of a separate frame. p¹
represents a guard or shield placed between the two fabrics, as represented in
Figure 13. The revolving cutter or cutters g, g, traverses to and fro in said
guard or shield p, being operated by the cord n', attached to either end of
the sliding bar 13, and moved by a cam and lever.
The required rotary
motion is given to the cutter or cutters g. 9, by the rack q" acting on the
pinion while said cutter or cutters traverse across the cloth. To keep the
filling of the two fabrics separate, and prevent the threads thereof from looping
over the ends of the pile wires, I employ guides, one on either side of the
loom, such as are represented by s¹ in Figures 13 and 14.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to the
mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details; but what
I claim is,
First, the combination of mechanism herein described, whereby the shuttles
in power looms for making cut pile fabrics double are operated separately to
ntroduce the top or binding shots of the weft, and together to introduce the
back or ground shot of weft.
Secondly, I claim the combination of mechanism herein-described, whereby
the pile wires are each withdrawn and inserted twice during each operation
of the system of motions of the loom, and whereby the pile wires are governed
by a vibrating staff controlled by a parallel motion, as explained.
Thirdly, I claim the combining cam surfaces to operate the shuttles, the
pile wires, and the jacquard machinery in the required order of time.
Fourthly, I claim the combination herein described for operating clearing

page_text: rods, wires, or bars, and giving a double beat-up to the lathe, as herein
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
W. S. HARRISON,
New Court, St. Swithin's Lane,
London.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.s.)