Oil Vapour Ejector Lamps for Illuminating and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Oil Vapour Ejector Lamps for Illuminating and Heating Purposes.
We JOSEPH LEE, Station Master of Askrigg and SAMUEL LANCASTER of
Bainbridge, School Teacher, both in the County of York do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists in an apparatus of the form and design shown in
Figs. 1, 2; and 3, 4; for heating and illuminating purposes respectively, in which
apparatus a burner consisting of an ejector driven by a jet of hydrocarbon vapour
under pressure, draws atmospheric air into the burner of the said apparatus and
ejects a mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and atmospheric air suitable for either
illuminating or heating purposes, according to the proportion and arrangement of
the parts and pressure of vapour in each apparatus respectively.
Petroleum, paraffine, or shale oil of a specific gravity not less than 0.7 where
water equals unity, is supplied under pressure (generally, for illuminating purposes
equal to from six to twenty inches of head of water) by the tube t to the burner B
Fig. 4 passing through the retarder in the said burner B, this retarder is made of
a bundle of fine wire and plugs the tube t for about two inches of its length.
Its use is to steady the current of vapour issuing from the jet j by preventing
regurgitation in the tube t. The form and design of the burner B is clearly shown
Fig. 4 on which
in the drawing Figs. 3 and 4. The flame issuing from the slit s
it burns, enfolds the part p of the burner B, which by means of the stout arm-
brackets a a Fig. 3 of the casting of which the burner B is made, conducts
sufficient heat from the flame F to the generating chamber G Fig. 4 to con-
tinuously generate the vapour required to maintain the said flame.
To start the apparatus the burner B may be heated in an ordinary fire or by the
flame of any absorbent material saturated with oil.
Fig. 4 is a section of the burner B and hood h along the line y of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the burner B.
Figs. 3 and 4 are drawn full size.
DESCRIPTION OF PARTS IN FIGS. 3 AND 4.
B the burner, t the oil supply tube, r the retarder, j the jet, V the valve for
controlling the flame, the slit from which the air and vapour issues, p the
collector for supplying heat from the flame to the generator, a, a, thick outer parts
of p for conducting the said heat to the generator, G chamber acting as boiler or
generator for supplying vapour, F the flame, h the upper half of ejector tube
combined with hood for protecting vapour jet from currents of air, c cap for guiding
any escape of vapour from the screw of valve V into the current induced by the
jet j. P is a screw-plug removable for cleaning purposes. is the hinge of the upper
half of ejector tube and hood.
Figs. 1 and 2 represent our invention as applied to a heat producing apparatus
suitable for burning off paint, brazing, metal melting and other workshop and
laboratory uses, and are drawn half the actual size.
The form and construction of the ejector and burner of this apparatus is clearly
shown in the drawing in which Fig. 1. is a section of the apparatus along the
line xy. of Fig. 2, the jet j and cylindrical portion c, of the casting which forms
part of this design, together constituting the ejector, and the expanded conical
tube T forming the combustion chamber of the burner proper.

page_text: C
The reservoir R is filled through the aperture covered by the screw-cap C
Fig. 2. up to the level / Fig. 1. with ordinary paraffine, petroleum or shale oil, or
any volatile oil of a specific gravity not less than 0.7 where water equals unity.
The screw-cap C is then closed and the piston of the syringe or pump forming the
handle of the apparatus is raised and depressed alternately. By this action air
drawn in by the syringe is forced into the reservoir R producing a pressure on the
surface of the oil therein and causing it to rise up the tube t to the vapourizing
tube or chamber G which is enveloped in the flame produced by the combustion of
the mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and atmospheric air thrown in by the ejector.
The oil is here vapourized and passes to the valve V where the supply to the jet j
is controlled, and finally issues from the jet j.
In the reservoir R is a false bottom through which the end of the supply tube t
passes, and is soldered oil tight in the position shown in the drawing, at the opposite
side of the reservoir an aperture A is made through the said false bottom to allow
the oil to pass to the supply tube t.
The action of this arrangement is as follows-When the flame is directed
vertically upwards, sufficient oil is retained between the two bottoms of the
reservoir R to continue the flame for a considerable time, and a fresh supply can be
obtained in a moment by placing the reservoir R in its ordinary position, when the
space between the two bottoms will again be filled with oil. When the flame is
directed vertically downwards, the oil covers the aperture A and keeps the space
between the two bottoms of the reservoir constantly full until the level of the oil
descends, by the said oil being consumed, to the aperture A, when the reservoir R
will require to be refilled.
If this refilling be quickly done, the apparatus retains heat enough to be started
again immediately.
The pressure in the reservoir R obtained from the air forced in by the syringe or
pump may vary from about five pounds on the square inch in ordinary cases up to
fifty for the highest temperatures the apparatus can give, used for brazing welding
&c. As soon as sufficient pressure has been attained the piston of the pump is
finally depressed; and the sling S drawn over the catch K and the piston secured
by means of the screw sl forcing the leather pad at the bottom of the piston firmly
on the end of the tube t¹ and effectively sealing the aperture.
To start the apparatus ;-The reservoir R Fig. 1. being filled with oil up to the
level and the screw-cap C Fig. 2 being closed, the piston of the syringe is raised
once, and quickly depressed to the bottom of its stroke and secured by the sling S
and screw s².
The action of the piston causes a small stream of oil to issue from the jet j
which oil running into the lighter-pan or well w Fig. 1. saturates the asbestos
packing with which is filled; when the aforesaid packing is seen to be wet the
screw cap C Fig. 2. is opened allowing the small amount of pressure in the
reservoir R to escape and stopping the further supply of oil from the jet j. A
light is applied to the packing before mentioned and the door d of the hood h
Fig. 1. closed; the flame from the oil-soaked packing passing up and heating the
burner and vapourizer G; as soon as this flame is established the screw cap C
Fig. 2. is firmly closed and as the apparatus gets warm the air in the upper part of
the reservoir R expands and brings into play the jet j Fig. 1 when the heat rapidly
rises and in a few minutes the apparatus is sufficiently hot. The air pressure is
then applied by the syringe, the syringe secured by the sling and screw, and the
apparatus is in action.
To extinguish the flame, unscrew the screw-cap C Fig. 2. and the flame quickly
dies out.
DESCRIPTION OF PARTS IN FIGS. 1. AND 2.
j is the jet, c the combining cylinder or tube, T the combustion chamber, R the
reservoir, C the filling screw-cap, t the supply tube to the burner, G the vapourizing
chamber or tube, V the valve for controlling the vapour passing through the jet j

page_text: (Note: In ordinary patterns of the apparatus the valve V would be dispensed
with, and the end of the vapourizing chamber G closed with a screw-plug
removable for cleaning purposes) S the sling for securing the piston of syringe,.
P is the pin for securing the cap of syringe and also forming the pivot on which
swings the sling S, K the catch or step on the piston rod to receive the pressure of
the sling screws s', 'the tube conveying air from the syringe to the reservoir,.
w the lighterpan or well for the packing used in starting the apparatus, h the hood
for protecting the jet j from currents of air, d the door in the hood hinged at one
side and made of wire gauze to allow air to pass through and to open to allow of
lighting, cleaning &c., the hinge of the door d, r the retarder to prevent regurgi-
tation, o. o, holes in the tube T to admit a further supply of air for combustion,
v, v², ball valves necessary to the action of the syringe, pa transverse pin through
the tube t¹ to prevent the loss of the ball ² from its seat, f the false-bottom of the
reservoir R to enable the flame to receive a supply of oil in any working position
of the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed; we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In apparatus used for the purposes specified in the foregoing description ;-
the design and use of the combination of an ejector designed in accordance with the
dynamical principles governing the construction of such apparatus, to form the
mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and atmospheric air, and to project the same at a
high velocity to such parts of the apparatus described and ascertained in the
foregoing Specification; where it is consumed; with a collector passing through
and completely enfolded by the flame produced by the apparatus; such collector
being used to convey the heat necessary to the maintainence of the said apparatus
in action (1stly) By simply collecting and conducting the heat from the flame to
the generator as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. (2ndly) By combining both the function
of collector and generator as shown in Figs. 1. and 2.
2. The design and use of a false-bottom in the reservoir R, as shown in the
drawing Fig. 1. and detailed in the description and for the purpose therein
ascertained.
3. In apparatus using volatile hydrocarbons for illuminating and heating.
purposes. The use of a pad actuated by the lower end of the piston, with the
sling and screw applied to the rod of same, for sealing up the compressed
air in the reservoir as detailed in the description and shown in the drawing
Fig. 1 and 2.
4. The design and arrangement of parts, of this apparatus generally, as detailed
in the description and shown in the drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1894.
JOSEPH LEE,
SAMUEL LANCASTER,
Applicants.

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