IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND DISTRI- BUTING PRINTING TYPES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for an
"
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND DISTRI-
BUTING PRINTING TYPES." A communication from abroad by Henry A. Burr,
of the City, County, and State of New York, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1881.
cf
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SETTING AND DISTRIBUTING PRINTING TYPES." A communi-
cation from abroad by Henry A. Burr, of the City, County, and State of New
York, United States of America.
The present Invention relates to an improvement in apparatus for setting and
distributing printing types, and involves also the proper preparation of such type
and their setting up in suitable page form; and it is especially related to the type
setting and distributing apparatus previously patented in Great Britain, on the
24th day of March 1876, No. 1255. By means of the Invention ordinary type is
prepared, and when submitted to the action of the different apparatuses it can be set
up and distributed automatically, and mechanism is as far as possible substituted
for human labor.
The Invention is divided into twelve parts, which in their order represent the
different processes and contrivances by means of which the results desired aro
accomplished.
The first part of the Invention shows an apparatus by which suitable connecting
nicks are cut in ordinary types so as to prepare them to be handled by the
apparatus.
The second part of the Invention shows a setter, by means of which the type are
set up in a continuous line corresponding to the copy which the setter bas before
him.
The third part of the Invention shows a typo holding case applicable to the
setter previously described, by which lightness and strength are combined. .

page_text: The line of type passing from the setter require to be set up in pages or justified
as it is called, that is to say, they must be cut off in lines of determined lengths,
and spaces of various widths are required to complete these lines.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to an apparatus for readily placing
within reach of the operator the spaces which he desires to employ in completing
his lines.
The fifth part of the Invention shows a justifying mechanism to aid the operator
in setting up his type in page form.
The sixth part of the Invention shows an apparatus for placing leads between
the adjacent lines in an apparatus like that shown in the fifth part of the
Invention.
The seventh part of the Invention shows an apparatus by which a line of
quadrats can be readily seized by the operator and inserted into a page of type,
which may be in process of formation in the apparatus shown in the fifth and
sixth parts of the Invention.
The eighth part of the Invention shows an apparatus by means of which any
spaces which may be rejected by the operator as being unsuitable to be inserted in
the process of justification, will be automatically set up in a case ready to be
utilized again in the process of justification.
The ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth parts of the Invention show improve-
ments in the distributing mechanism, by means of which the types are distributed
and set up in cases ready to be retransferred to the setting mechanism shown in
part two of the Invention.
The object of the first part of the Invention is to produce a machine which will
certainly and quickly cut in printing types a nick or nicks, by means of which
they may be selected by a type distributing machine.
It is obviously necessary that these nicks in the type be cut very exact, of the
same depth and width, for the reason that by means of them the type are selected,
and if two or more type should have corresponding nicks they could not be
properly distinguished by the distributer. It is also important that one machine
should be able to cut nicks in any desired portion of the edge of the type, and that
such nicks when cut should be exactly square, clean, and free from all cuttings,
chippings, and pieces of type metal. This result is accomplished by confining the
type to be nicked in a channel, which channel or frame is then forced beneath a
double series of stationary cutters which cut in the type passing beneath nicks
corresponding to the position to which the cutters are adjusted.
employed for cleansing the nicks from all chippings or cuttings of the type metal
which may remain in them.
Means are
The apparatus will be clearly understood from the accompanying Drawings, of
which there are three Sheets, in which Figure 1 represents a perspective elevation
of the apparatus; Figure 2, a cross section through the driving shaft; Figure 3, a
plan view of the cutter plates; and Figure 4, a detailed view of the cutters.
The apparatus consists generally of a franie A suitably mounted and provided
with two slides or rails N, which support and guide the sliding frame F. Attached
to the bed plate A is the rack R. Meshing in this rack and attached to the
frame F is the pinion T, revolved by the hand wheel W. By the revolution of
this wheel the frame F can be run along the ways N, which are continued in both
directions far enough to allow the frame F to slide free of the cutters. In the top
of the frame F is a chanuel C, which is partially filled by the block D. The
outside of this channel is provided with the lip b, for a purpose hereafter to be
described. A number of blocks D of different thicknesses are provided, suitable
for different widths (or sizes) of type. By means of these the upper edges of the
rows of type are brought to the same level.
On the flanged block D in the channel C a row of type L is laid and is slipped
under the lip b, by means of which it is held down upon the block D. It is obvious
that the block D should be of such a thickness as to hold the type firmly against
the lip b

page_text: A row of type about the length of the frame F is laid on the block D, the
block is laid upon them. The block has a lip a corresponding to the lip b
attached to the frame F, so that the type in the channel Care held firmly between
the frame F, the block D, and the block or bar l. This bar is provided with the
handle h for its ready removal, and the frame F is provided with the brackets K
upon which the bar can be laid. Attached to the end of the bar D is the locking
device & operated by means of a thumb screw. By this locking device s the line of
type L is firmly clamped in the channel, being compressed between 8 and an
abutment y' at the other end of the channel. Attached to the end of the frame F
is the trough or cup J for the purpose of receiving the chippings or cuttings from
the type.
8
Attached to the bed plate A by means of the screws is the frame B, the upper
surface of which is planed to a smooth horizontal bed and pierced with a series of
equidistant holes H. Sliding on the upper surface of B are the two plates P and Pl
to which the cutting tools are attached. These are each provided with a double
series of holes by means of which they can be locked to the frame B, as will be
presently described. These plates are held down upon B by means of the three
bars or guides M, M, M. The plates P and P' are provided with pinions x, x¹,
operated by the handles b'. These pinions mesh in the racks r and attached to
the bars M and M', so that by revolving the handles b' the plates P and P¹ can be
advanced and withdrawn on the bed B.
The plates P and P¹ are provided with two slots and 8. Through the slot
thero passes the stop pin c¹ attached to the plate B. Through the slot s' there
passes the screw pin 2 screwing into the bed B. Attached to the set screw p³ is
the jam plate V. The screw p² is turned by a handle. It will therefore be easily
seen that the plates P and P¹ can be adjusted by the handles b' in either direction
within the limits allowed by the pins c¹ sliding in the slots , and after they have
been adjusted can be set by means of the Bet-screws or screw-plates V and V'.
The holes cut in the plates P and P¹ are not cut so as to correspond exactly with
the holes cut in the plate below. In the plate P, as will be observed, there is a
double series of holes numbered from 0 to 17. These holes are cut out of
correspondence with the holes in tile plate below. Their relation to the lower
holes is as follows:-Supposing the holes marked 0 to correspond with the first
holes in the plate below, as in the plate P, Figure3, then the next holes marked
No. 1 are so cut that they will not correspond to the holes below by a distance in
this machine equal to the twenty sixth part of an inch, so that if the pin p were
inserted in the hole marked.0 and in the corresponding hole below another pin
could not be inserted into the plate below through the hole marked No. 1 because
such hole would not correspond by a distance of the twenty sixth part of an inch.
In the same way the next hole marked No. 2 is advanced correspondingly by a
distance double that of the difference of hole No. 1, and its corresponding bole
beneath and generally each consecutive hole is advanced beyond the hole in the
plate below by the twenty sixth part of an inch more than the next preceding holǝ.
From this it will be seen that if the plate P be moved back by a distance equal
to the twenty sixth part of an inch the holes marked 1 will correspond with the..
holes in the plate below. If it be moved back a further distance equal to the
twenty sixth part of an inch the holes No. 2 will correspond. Its movement back
another equal distance will cause the holes marked 3 to correspond, and so on.
By means of these holes the exact position of the plate P on the frame B can be
determined, and therefore the position of the cutters attached to the plate.
A double series of exactly corresponding holes is used for the purpose of insuring
perfect parallelism of the position of the cutters attached to the plate P, because if
the two pins p be inserted in the two corresponding holes in the plate P it is
evident that the edge of such plate will always be at a right angle to the line of
travel of the type in their carrying frame. By reason of the stop or pin cl sliding
in the slot ', which slot is in practice covered by a cap c³ it is impossible to move
any of the holes in the plate above so as to correspond with any hole cut in tho

page_text: plate below except that with which it is intended to correspond in the operation of
the machine, because the slot is less in length than the distance between any
two holes in the samo line of movement, ns, for instance, the holes 2, 5, 8, 14,
and 17, so that it can never happen in the operation of the machine that a pin
dropped in the hole 17 could enter the hole in the plate below which is intended
to correspond to the hole 14, as, for instance, on the left of Figure 3 the plate P is
thrown forward to the utmost limit allowed by the stop so as to allow the insertion
of the pins p in the holes marked 0. Yet, as will be plainly seen, the holes 17 have
not been advanced sufficiently far to correspond with the holes in the plate below
intended to correspond with the holes 1+.
Attached to the end of the plate P. and adjustable in the frame y are a series of
cutters e. The construction and arrangement of these cutters in the frame y can
be clearly seen in Figures 3 and 4. This frame y is provided with a number of
channels in which slide the cutter blocks g. These cutter blocks are slotted at
their lower extremity, through which slots ' there pass tho screw pins j', screwed in 1
the frame y by means of the nuts n. These cutter blocks are also provided with
pins . A cutter block is represented in Figure 4 in the right hand side next to
the vacant channel d. The cutter plates e³ are fastened to the cutter blocks by
slipping over the pins . These cutters are also slotted for the passage of tho
screw pins. Finally, the plates e are laid over the cutter plates, the screws & are
screwed through the plates ea through the cutter plates e into the cutter blocks g,
holding these parts firmly together. In the upper end of the cutter block ga
screw engages, which is provided with a collar bearing against the upper plate of
the frame y. By loosening the nuts of the screw pins and revolving the screws,
the cutters and blocks can be vertically adjusted, and being adjusted can be looked
in place by the jam screws n.
The cutters e are so adjusted that each cuts a little deeper than the one preceding,
the last one cutting the required depth.
In the last channels in the frames y there slide two scrapers, shown clearly in
Figure +, pivoted at o' and drawn down by means of the coiled springs 8. These
scrapers m can also be adjusted by the screws f. Finally at the right of the
cutters and scrapers is the brush w, having the handle w', by means of which it
can be vertically adjusted.
These cutters, scrapers, and brush are clearly shown in Figures 1, 3, and 4,
showing the parts gradually added until they are all in placo in the machine.
At tho right is shown the brush which serves for both sets of cutters; next is
shown the sliding block to which the scraper is attached; next the empty channel
in which the sliding blocks are adjusted. The frame at w³ of the apparatus is
burcken away to show the top of the cutter block; next the cutter block; next the
cutters attached to the slide block; and next the cutter plate having the locking
nut and the adjustable screw.
'
The operation of the machine can now be understood.
A row of type L, Figuro 2, is laid upon the block D in the sliding channel F,
one end being slipped under the lip b; the block is dropped into position as
shown in Figure 1. These operations are performed while the sliding frame is
moved back out of the way of the cutters. Then the type are locked in their
place by turning the thumb screw & which is attached to the block D, and operates
the locking slide; then the two series of cutters are adjusted so as to cut nicks in
the desired position on the edge of the type. What this position may be is
determined by means of a schedule, the nicks being different for each type or
space. In case the operator desires to cut nicks corresponding to the positions
marked 0 and 13 on his schedule, ho adjusts the plates P and P¹ so that the holes
so indicated on such plates correspond with holes in the plate below, then he drops
the four pins p, p, p¹, and p¹ into the holes. He then clamps the plates P, P' by
means of the clamps V and V. By these means perfect accuracy in the position
of the cutters is obtained. Then the cutting edges having been properly adjusted
vertically so that the last one cuts the required depth, the operator revolves the
14
.1

page_text: wheel W, and in doing so forces the line of type under the cutters, thereby
cutting in the edges of the type which are locked in the channel one or two
parallel grooves, the position of which grooves is determined by the correspondence
between the holes in the plates P and P¹ and the holes in the frame B. These
grooves are scraped and swept by the scrapers and brush as has been previously,
described, so that the type are taken from this machine, each having one or
two nicks in exactly the desired position. The advance of the channelled frame
brings the top of the block beneath the plates P, P'. Thereby it is prevented
from rising, and the type are held down while being nicked.
By the use of a double series of holes in each plate, the operator is obliged to
insert two pins, and thero is a double chance of his discovering an error in the
placing of the pins. The pins c and slots l¹ make it impossible for the operator to
move the plates P and P¹ in either direction so as to bring the cutters in contact
with the sides of the type channel.
What I claim in this part of the Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is:
1. A type nicking machine, constructed substantially as described, whereby
nicks are cut in type as distinguished from a hand tool.
n
2. In a machine for nicking type, a movable type channel provided with a type
locking apparatus for the purpose of locking said type and holding them firmly in
said channel, which channel is subsequently forced beneath a series of cutters,
substantially as described.
3. In a type-nicking machine, constructed substantially as described, two or
more cutters which can be adjusted to different positions on the edge of the type,
thereby cutting two or more grooves in said type at one operation.
4. In a typo-nicking machine a scries of cutters attached to an adjusting apparatus
for determining the position of the nick in the edge of the type, when said cutters are
adjusted, each to cut a deeper channel than the preceding, substantially as described.
5. In a type nicking machine a tool holding plate provided with a series of
holes, by means of which holes the position of the plate can be determined with
reference to its support, substantially as described.
6. In a type nicking machine a sliding channelled type-carrier operated by a
rack and pinion, substantially as described.
7. A type nicking apparatus provided with a cutting blade for nicking the type
and a scraper for removing chips or burrs, substantially as described.
8. A type-nicking apparatus provided with a cutting blade for nicking the type
and a brush for cleansing the nicks, substantially as described.
9. A type nicking apparatus provided with a cutting blade for nicking the typo
and with a scraper for removing metallic burrs or chips, and with a brush for
cleansing the nicks, substantially as described.
10. In a type-nicking machine a plato P carrying a series of cutters, which
plate is provided with a series of holes and with a stop c¹, substantially as and for
the purposes described.
11. In a type nicking machine a cutter provided with an adjustablo screw for
regulating the depth of the cut, and with a clamp screw for clamping the cutter
after it has been adjusted, substantially as described.
The object of the second part of the Invention is a new and useful improvement
in type setting machines, of which the following is a full, true, and exact
description, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings.
It has been found to be a matter of the utmost importance in the practical
working of type setting and distributing machines (to diminish as much as possible
the losses of time which occur in the necessary transferring of the type casos
from the distributing machine back to the setter, and vice versa. One of tho
objects of the Invention is to enable a full case to be substituted for one which
has been emptied in the shortest possible time and with the least possible exertion).
Heretofore in substituting a full case for one which has been emptied it has
been necessary to raise such case above the frame in which it rests, and to drop it

page_text: therein from above. This has been found to be a difficult operation owing to the
great weight of the full cases, and there has been a liability to pi the type by
carelessly removing the case from the supporting frame. These difficulties are
avoided by pivoting the cradle in which the type case rests so that it can be rocked
down within reach of the operator, and subsequently raised to its position of
operation in the machine.
The improvement has a special relation to that class of type setting machines in
which the type are held in combined cases.
•
It is very desirable in this class of machines that the cases should be easily
removed without disturbing the relations of the type for the reason previously
mentioned, and it is also desirable that these cases should be as large as possible in
order to supply the setters with the fewest possible changes of the cases. In making
the cases large they become heavy and less easily managed. Part of the improve-
ment is intended to aid the operator in handling heavy cases, and in leaving
undisturbed the relations of the type in the cases when removed. The Invention 1
can be readily understood from the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 5
represents a general elevation of the apparatus; Figure 6, the front elevation of
the back plate; Figure 7, the plan of the same; Figures 8, 9, and 10, views of the
adjustable race.
The frame or cradle A, Figure 5, is pivoted on the shaft B fixed to the cradle
stand P, on which it can be rocked by the handle A2 pivoted at A³ into a vertical
position resting on the bearing A', or into a horizontal position resting on the
bearing O. Fast to this cradle are the glass plate K, the guide bar E, the roller F,
and the rest bar W. A machine type case C is shown in the cradle A in its
vertical position, standing upon the support bar J behind the glass K, against
which it is held by the wedge roller _L. When the case is in place the lowest
letter in each channel of the case, as at T, is in front of its plunger D which the
depression of the key D¹ will, through x, xx, force against that letter, pushing
it forward until it rests against the roller F, when gravity acting upon its free
foot drops it into its channel in the back plate G down which it slides to the
race I.
When the case A is rocked backward into the horizontal position shown in the
dotted lines, any letter that may have been accidentally left in the guide bar falls
back into the case, the roller L drops from M' to M and the case is easily with-
drawn from the cradle sliding on the shelves Q and the roller at M. The end of
the full case is then lifted upon the shelf Q and the case, slid into its place, the
cradle is rocked upward, the roller L falls forward behind the case, holding it
firmly against the glass K, and the operation of type setting can again proceed.
Attached to the bottom of the cradle A are two springs S and S', which have hold
of the short lever R attached to the bottom of said frame, and bear against arms R¹
and R. The object of these counterbalance springs which are made of the desired
tension, is to allow the rocking of the cradle into its upright or depressed position
without unnecessary jar or shock. This rocking can be rendily accomplished
by means of the handle A pivoted at A3, the point of which enters a socket at fl
In order to operate the cradle the handle g' having the entering point d' is
unscrewed out of the socket f when the handle A² can be raised, and by means
of it the case H can be rocked into the position shown by the dotted lines.
X represents a safety lever held in its upright position by a spring X² against the
stop, which when moved downward actuates another lever y², which strikes
against the line of bell cranks X, and withdraws any of the plungers D which may
have been accidentally detained in the type cases. By holding this lever X' down
from the stop X3 by means of the screw X*, the keys D' are locked and the machine
cannot be operated. The use of this safety lever and cradle obviates the danger of
injury to the machine from the detention of plungers in the case to be removed,
and the danger of throwing into "pi" any column of type whose lowest letter may
project into the guide bar when its case is removed.
H represents the improved gate or pendulum, which is readily removed from the

page_text: machine without altering its adjustment or disturbing any of the other parts;
a, a, a, represent the pendulum; b, the pivots; c, the stand; d, the adjustable
stand; e, the adjusting spring of the pressure screw; and g, the stop screw. By
arranging the adjusting parts away from the throat of the back plate G they are
not affected by dust and dirt, as before, and therefore preserve their delicacy intact.
This penduluin a, a, can be removed with its pivot b from the support stand d,
cleaned, and returned without interference with its other parts.
To
Figures 6 and 7 represent improvements in the back plate G of the machine. It
is desirable that each type of whatever weight should occupy as nearly as possible
the same time in passing from the case through the back plate to the race.
accomplish this the back plate is made of different heights, as shown in Figure 6.
The centre division X of grooves is made longer or higher than the wing divisions y
and z.
The centre channels & and of a are made a little longer than the inner
channels m, m, of the wings, and the outer channels o, o, of x longer than the outer
ones p, p, of y and s.
Type of equal weight will pass through these two sets of channels p and o in
approximately equal times as the channels near the centre impart less friction to
the moving type, but being longer give to this faster moving type a greater distance
to traverse. Figure 7 represents a top view of this back plate G, showing the
grooves to increase in depth (for the heavier type) in the a division from the centre
outward, while in the wing divisions they increase in depth outward from the x
division. This construction of the back plate and its grooves equalizes the time
occupied by the type in falling, and permits the key board to be more satisfactorily
arranged.
In Figure 6 is likewise shown an attachment for the insertion into the line
which is passing from the setter of quadrats or longer distinguishing type or spaces
for the purpose of indicating to the justifying operator, who justifies the type as
they pass from the machine, that a paragraph should be made at that point. The
distinguishing type or space usually employed is of a greater length than the type
which are being set in the apparatus, whereby the eye of the justifier is readily
directed. A series of these quadrats or long spaces rest in the channel u, shown on
the left side of the back plate, the lowest one resting against the corner or
shoulder b, each quadrat resting against and supported by the one above it in the
line. The last quadrat having its foot resting against the shoulder b, has its upper
end against the shoulder or guide on the opposite side of the channel. If the finger
of the operator be pressed into the hollow w, which exposes the quadrats to the
action of the tinger, it is obvious that the lower end of the quadrat will be raised
free of the shoulder b, since the upper end of the shoulder g acts as a fulcrum or
bearing point, and the type will then slide down the channel u into the race.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 represent improvements in the race whereby the same is
made adjustable, while menus are provided for sustaining the type as they pass
down such race. i represents the stationary side of the race; 1, the movable side.
The side i is provided with the openings 8, 8, to allow the escape of any dirt which
may pass out with the type, or which might serve to impede its progress in the
race. The fixed side i and the bottom u of the race are one piece; the side lis
made adjustable on the pivot p by means of the eccentric pivot h, having the
milled handle ¹. By turning this handle on the eccentric pivot the adjustable side
pivoted at r can be thrown into the position shown in Figure 10, where the channel
is closed. Attached to the adjustable side are the pressure springs and t, which
serve to maintain the type upright in the channel.
What I claim in this part of the Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,-
First. In combination with a type setting machine, a type case supporting frame,
which frame can be elevated into a vertical position so as to allow of the descent of
the type in the type cases, or can be depressed within reach of the operator for the
purpose of inserting and removing type cases, substantially as described.
Second. In combination with a type setting machine, a pivoted type case sup

page_text: porting frame and a handle whereby the same can be elevated or depressed,
substantially as described.
Third. In combination with a type setting machine, a pivoted type case sup-
porting frame provided with a wedge roller which serves the double purpose of
locking the case within the frame when the frame is elevated, and also serves as a
roller for the support and withdrawal of the case, substantially as described.
Fourth. In a type setting machine in which the types are ejected by means of a
series of reciprocating plungers, a safety lever by means of which the plunger can
be certainly withdrawn from the type cases, substantially as described.
Fifth. In combination with a type setting machine a locking apparatus sub-
stantially described, whereby the operation of the machine can be prevented,
excepting when unlocked by the operator.
Sixth. In combination with a type setting machine a swinging gate beneath
which the typo passes, where the pressure between the gate and the throat can be
varied and adjusted, and where the varying or adjusting parts of such gate are
situated at a distance from the gate itself, whereby delicacy of adjustment and
freedom from dirt in the adjusting parts are obtained, substantially as described.
Seventh. A type setting machine constructed substantially as described, in which
type of different weights are started from different elevations above a common
throat for the purpose of equalizing the time of descent.
Eighth. In combination with a type setting machine an apparatus by means of
which distinguishing quadrats or their equivalent may be inserted in a line of
type issuing from the setter, substantially as described.
Ninth. In combination with a type setting machine a race having a variable or
adjustable side, substantially as described.
Tenth. In combination with a type setting machine a race having a variable or
adjustable side and type supporting springs, substantially as described.
Eleventh. In combination with a type setting machine a raco having a variable
or adjustable side, and provided with holes S, S, for the escape of dirt, substantially
as described.
Twelfth. In combination with a type setting machine a pivoted counterbalanced
type supporting frame for the purpose of avoiding the jar on the elevation or
depression of said frame, substantially as described.
The object of the third part of the Invention is to make a type case for holding
several rows of type, which shall be light and portable, while at the same time
strong enough to resist the ordinary handling of a printing office, inexpensive, and
readily made.
The improved case is formed of a single sheet of tin or other equivalent flexible
material, which is bent into a suitable number of parallel channels, each of which
is arranged to receive and support a single row of type. The bent case thus formed
may be strengthened by a series of supports or racks entering the channels from
beneath, to which this bent case may be attached.
The Invention will be readily understood from the accompanying Drawings, in
which,―
Figure 11 represents a perspective view, and Figure 12 a cross section of the
improved type case.
A sheet of tin (represented by A) is bent into a series of channels c. As shown,
the bottoms of the channels are square while the upper parts are rounded. It is
preferable to bave the bottoms flat for the feet of the type to rest and slide upon.
Soldered to the end of the combined case so formed is the strengthening piece B. i
This has a series of tongues r which enter the grooves formed beneath the case.
There may be several of these racks used to strengthen the case at different points
of its length depending on the length of the case employed. It is advantageous
to use at least one at each end, as is shown.
The central portion of the case consists, as is shown in Figure 12, simply of bent
tin. To one end of the case is attached the frame F provided with the holes o.
Through these holes pushers operate which force the type down the channels in

page_text: the combined case.
of different widths.
The channels may be bent of different widths to receive type
What I claim in this part of the Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,
(1). As a new.article of manufacture a combined type case formed of a sheet of
bent or folded tin or equivalent material, substantially as described.
(2). A combined type case formed of bent or folded tin and provided with
supporting. tongues entering the folds of the tin from beneath, substantially as
described.
(3). A combined type case formed of folded tin A. having supporting racks B
and the perforated plate F, substantially as described.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to an improvement in type setting
machines. In the ordinary process of composing, a number of boxes, each containing
loose type of a particular denomination, are arranged before the operator. The
operator in composing is obliged in the first place by means of his eye to select the
proper box. A type lying louse in a box containing numbers of others is picked up
by the operator in whatever position it happens to lie, perhaps reversed or upside
down. It is necessary in order to place the type properly in the composing stick.
that the operator turn it so as to bring its face uppermost, and all the nicks on
the same side of the row. This is also evidently a necessity where the type and
spaces are to be distributed by a distributing machine, which depends upon notches
in the edge of a type for its selection of that type. The operation of type setting
by hand is, therefore necessarily very slow and difficult, requiring great experience.
and long practice.
The Invention relates to a machine which is intended to obviate or lessen theso
difficulties. One of the objects of the Invention is to render the use of the eye in
seizing a type unnecessary. It is expected that those who are accustomed to the
use of these machines will be enabled automatically, as it were, to seize any type
they may desire by merely moving the right key without being obliged to select
that key by the eye. Another object of the Invention is to avoid the difficulty of
turning the type.in the fingers, which is above described, and to place each type
between the fingers in the position in which it is to be placed within the composing
stick.
.
The nature of the Invention is clearly shown in the accompanying Drawings, in
which Figure 13 represents a general view of the apparatus; Figure 14, a front
elevation; Figures 15 and 16, two views of the bottom of the reservoir or channel;
and Figure 17, a detailed view of the pusher, showing a row of type resting upon
it. The same letters indicate similar parts in all the Drawings. A series of similar
machines is placed in one or more banks before the operator, each one holding one
denomination of type or space.
-
"
'
B is the frame of the machine upon which the other parts are supported. In the
frame.B is a reservoir or channel A. holding.a row of type C face out, and preferably
side upon side, which by their own weight and by that of a superincumbent
slug D are kept continually upon the bottom E of the channel. Covering the
lower part of this channel-is a guard L under which the type necessarily pass in
their journey downward, and are by it brought to the same level. An opening M
is cut in this guard L opposite the lowest type C'in the channel, large enough to
allow the passage of that type.
Near the bottom E of the channel A is cut a slot F, shown in Figures 15 and 16,
for the admission of a pusher hereafter to be described. This slot is cut through
to the bottom of the channel at H, to allow the channel A to be removed, which
otherwise the end of the pusher would lock, and down through the frame at G for
the escape of dirt.
Through this slot the pusher T, which is one of the important features of the
Invention, operates. The upper end of this pusher has two faces at right angles to
each other, represented at W and X, Figure 17. The width of W, which extends
above and beyond the intersection of the line of X, is almost or exactly equal to
:

page_text: the thickness of the particular type which is here used. The faces W and X do
not exactly meet, but there is a groove Y between them, shown clearly in
Figure 17, the object of which is to receive any dirt which might drop from the
type; otherwise this dirt accumulating in a square corner would alter the height
of W by raising the lower end of the type, and might raise the lower end of a thin
type so high that the pusher T could pass beneath it without forcing it forward.
This is found to be important in practice. This pusher T is actuated by a system
of levers R, S, and P, clearly shown in the Drawings. Above and below the
lowest type in the channel are a pair of finger pieces K and J, both of which may
be movable, but it is preferred to have one stationary and the other movable. In
the Drawing K is firmly fixed to the apparatus; J is movable, and is connected
with the bell crank P which operates the system of levers above described. These
finger pieces are cut and grooved conveniently for the passage of the typo, and for
the reception of the thumb and finger of the operator. Channels K¹ and O are cut
in the centre of the adjacent faces of each finger piece, so that when the finger
pieces are brought together these channels unite and form a closed slot or guide,
allowing the passage of the bottom type and the following pusher. Towards the
ends of K and J the channels are cut completely through into the bottom of the
exterior finger grooves previously described, as shown at O' and K³, Figure 14,
which allows of the ready seizure of the advancing type by the closing fingers of
the operator. These finger pieces, the vibration of which operates the mechanism,
serve to guide the type in its upward passage through the slot cut in them, and
also by means of the grooves cut in their exterior faces guide the fingers to the
typo which has been forced forward by the pusher T, and guided by the slots in
the closed finger pieces.
The action of the machine is as follows:-
Type passing down the channel under the guard L rest against the bottom E of
the type channel A. The operator now soizes the finger pieces K and J between
his thumb and finger and presses them together. The approach of J to K actuntes
the pusher T which pushes forward the lowest type C through the channels K'
and O, which have now become a guide for the passage of the type and pusher by
the union of the two finger pieces. The type therefore is placed between the
fingers of the operator who removes it; then the spring T and V return the
apparatus to its former position. The pusher T, which in its advanced position
served to support the type, being now withdrawn, the row of type slide down the
channel A, and the next type rests upon the bottom E ready to be thrown out by
the pusher. The position in which the type is left between the fingers may be
varied by altering the relative length and position of the levers.
The office of the spring T is to cause the pusher T to rest against the lowest
type, no matter in what position it may be, so that any accumulation of dirt on
the bottom of the frame or channel would not interfere with the action of the
machine, since the pusher would be raised by the spring T and rest with its face X
against the bottom type, no matter what the position of the type might be within
narrow limits.
It is obvious that this machine can be arranged to throw out any number of
type at one movement, depending upon the height of the opening M in the
guard, the height of the slot in the finger piece, and the height of the pusher
at W.
What I claim in this part of the Invention is,―
1. An apparatus for automatically placing the type between the fingers, sub-
stantially as described.
2. The combination of the vibrating channelled finger pieces K and J, which
when united form a guiding slot, substantially as described.
3. The self adjusting pusher T held continually by a spring or its equivalent
against the bottom type of a row provided with the projection W for the purpose
of ejecting a type in combination with the type guiding finger picce by which it is
operated, substantially as.described.

page_text: 4. The two faced pusher T provided with the groove Y between its faces W
and X, substantially as described.
5. The arrangement of the levers, substantially as described,
6. In a hand type setting machine the guard L, substantially as described.
7. In combination with a type setting machine, the removable slide or reservoir
having a slot allowing the passage of a pusher and the escape of dirt, substantially
as described.
8. The finger piece J, the vibration of which actuates the mechanism and which
performs the two offices of guiding the type to the fingers and the fingers to the
type, substantially as described.
9. The combination of the two finger pieces K and J having channels for
passage of the type, and slots to allow the seizure of the type by the fingers,
substantially as described.
The object of the fifth part of the Invention is to produce a machine by means
of which a row of type may be readily justified (and made into column, and is
especially useful in connection with a type setting machine in which a continuous
row of type passes to the justifying operator. This row of type has to be divided
into lines of the proper length, justified by the insertion of the proper spaces, and
deposited in the galley in column. By means of the apparatus it is rendered
possible for the operator to very rapidly and easily justify such a line of type and
inake it up in column.
"
The machine consists generally in a removable galley into which the justified
line of type is subsequently caused to enter, and a rule against which the line is
justified, which rule can be automatically moved out of the way, thereby allowing
the passage of the justified line of type into the galley. The type itself is justified
between two shoulders or abutments on the face of said rule, which form with the
rule the "composing stick."
The Invention will be clearly understood from the Drawings, in which Figure 18
represents a perspective elevation; Figure 19, another elevation, part of the frame
being broken away; Figuro 20, a detailed view of the justifying rule; Figure 21,
a cross section through Figure 19 on the line x, x; Figure 22, a plan of a part of
the apparatus showing the adjustable grab and its action on the type. Figures 23
and 24 represent detailed views of the adjustable grab.
The apparatus consists generally of a frame or bed plate B supported on a
standard A. This bed plate B supports a mechanism for receiving the line of type
which comes from the setter, also a rule upon which this line is justified, and a
removable galley in which the type coming from the setter are made up in column,
and a mechanism for moving the type from the rule into the galley behind it.
Firmly attached to the frame of the machine is the bar or plate L which contains
and sustains a brush of fibrous material b'. Opposed to this plate is the adjustable
plate N. The type coming from the setter are fed into the channel between the
fixed plate L and the adjustable plate N, and are supported in said channel by the
brush b. The object of making the plate N adjustable is to allow for the different
widths of type which may be justified in this apparatus. This plate N is supported
on two sliding rods f sliding in bearings attached to the frame B, and these rods
are clamped by means of the set-screws i. Behind the plate N is the justifying
rule R, shown clearly in Figure 20. This rule is supported in the vibrating fraine F
pivotted at b, and slides in a channel in said vibrating frame F for the purpose of
adjustment, and after it has been adjusted it is held firmly in said vibrating frame
by means of the clamp r operated by the set screw g. The lower arm of the
vibrating frame F is vibrated by means of a cam D which throws it to the right,
while it is thrown to the left by means of the weight of the rule R in connection
with the coil spring 8.. Whenever the cam surface D is thrown back toward the
machine on the shaft V, the rule is elevated, as is shown in Figure 20. The
vibration of the shaft is accomplished by means of a treadle T connected by
means of the link e to the arm K fast to the shaft V.
⚫. Sliding in a dovetailed channel d in frame B of the machine is the adjustable

page_text: block J, which is supported on the sliding dovetailed bar d'. The sliding bar d¹
is locked in the dovetailed channel d by means of the set screw 8'. The object of:
the sliding block J is to determine the width of the column into which the type is
to be made up. Type passing into the channel between N and L, as shown in
Figure 22, are drawn by means of the adjustable grab G presently to be described
on to the justifying rule R, which rule, with the fixed plate N and the adjustablo
block J, forms the composing stick in which the type are justified. It is obvious
that after determining the width of the column into which the type is to be made
up, and adjusting the block J with reference to such width, the rule R should be
BO adjusted in the vibrating frame F as to exactly meet the adjustable block J.
It will be observed that the bed plate B of the machine and the apparatus
connected therewith are not arranged in exactly a horizontal position, but are
slightly inclined backward so as to allow the type to rest against the rule R
without falling forward.
After the type have been justified in the composing stick so formed on the
rule R, it is necessary that they be pushed back into the galley behind this rule R,
which is accomplished by means of the pusher S. This pusher S is supported on
the sliding rods j which are supported in the bed plato B, as is readily seen.
Attached to these rods is the cross head H, which cross head is moved by
means of the arm P attached to the shaft V. The upper end of the arm P enters
a slot in the cross-head H and is rounded so as to operate freely therein, as may be
clearly seen in Figure 21. It can now be seen that the rule R and the pusher S,
being both operated by the shaft V, will move simultaneously, so that the
pusher S pushes the type back into the galley behind as soon as the rule R has
been elevated about the face of such type. This pusher S has its face slotted by
means of a horizontal channel ol, and the adjustable block J is correspondingly
channeled, so that the upper plate of the pusher S above the channel o¹ enters a
channel o in the adjustable block J. By this contrivance the pusher S is effective
and operative in moving the type into the galley behind, no matter to what
position the block J may have been adjusted.
Behind the rule R, and resting on the slides or ways W, is the removable galley C,
this galley C resting on the ways W is attached to the slide block J by means of a
pin w, Figure 22, which enters a corresponding hole in the end of the right hand
side of the galley C. The other end of the galley is clamped to the bed plato B by
means of the clamp operated by the set screw k, which set screw and clamp are
attached to the bed plate B.
Resting within the galley C is the stationary bar M, which has a groove in its
upper end, into which a pin p', Figure 20, attached to the frame B, enters. By
means of this pin the upper end of the bar M is supported; the lower end of this
bar has a hole cut through it, through. which a pin attached to the frame B
passes, so that this bar M can be readily removed from the apparatus. Sliding on
a dovetailed tongue m on the side of the bar M is the sliding support block p; this
block is supported on the tongue m and the galley C, and the friction between it
and the tongue m is determined by means of a spring, not shown, bearing against
the tongue m, and compressed by means of the set screw t. By means of this
spring and screw the proper friction is caused between the tongue m and the
support block p, so as to allow the pusher S to move the type contained in the
galley through such galley, while the type themselves are supported by means of
the block and held up against the rule R, excepting when moved by the pusher S.
On the face of the support block p is the slide q, by incans of which the length of
the face of p can be adjusted. After adjustment this slide q is set by means of the
screw v.
P
Sliding also on the tongue m is the block f', set by means of the screw g¹; the
position of this block f' determines the length of the column which the galley C
can receive.
In order to move sufficient type to form one line from the incoming row on the
face of the plate N, and to deposit them upon the rule R, a hand grab is used; this

page_text: grab is shown in Figures 23 and 24; the length of the face of this grab determines
the length of the line seized by the operator. This grab, which is held in the left
hand, consists generally of a body or frame G, a handle H', and a finger pieco F¹.
Sliding in a channel in the grab is the adjustable plate A'; this plate has a bend
or tooth a at its extremity, and can be adjusted in the frame G by means of the
set screw c¹ sliding in the slot h¹.
The operation of the machine can now be understood.
The apparatus is first adjusted for the reception of a column of a given width
and length; this is done as follows:-The block J is so adjusted in the frame B
that the distance between the end of the plate N and itself is equal to the width of
the column of type; then the rule R is adjusted in the frame F by means of the
clamp and set screw g, so as to exactly meet and rest against the inner face of
the block J; the bar M being removed, the galley C is attached to the block J by
means of the pin w, and is clamped at its lower end by means of the clamp in a
position parallel with the side of the apparatus; the bar M is then dropped into its
place, and is firmly held by means of the two pins at its extremities. The slide q
is adjusted so as to meet the side of the galley C, and the block f' is adjusted to
the length of the column to be made up in the galley. Type enter the apparatus
continuously from the setter in the channel between L and N; which is adjusted to
correspond to their width; then the operator having adjusted the slide A' of the
grab G to correspond to the distance between the end of N and J cuts into the
advancing row of type at the proper point, and draws the type, which are thereby
cut from the row, into the composing stick formed on the face of the rule R, where
he justifies the type in the usual way; the remaining type in the channel are
supported by means of the brush b'. Having justified the type in the composing
stick the operator presses on the treadlo T, which has the effect of simultaneously
throwing up the rule R and advancing the pusher S into the galley, whereby the
justified line is forced into the galley.
The face of the tongue m of the bar M is set a little back from the end of N, so
that the space between M and the side of the galley C is a little broader than the
space between the end of the plate N and the sliding block J, thereby allowing
type to pass freely down the galley C, excepting as they are supported and held up
by the sliding support block p.
What I claim in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
First. A justifying machine, by means of which a line of type is justified on a
rule of a determined length, and is subsequently mechanically forced into a type
galley, substantially as described.
Second. An adjustable justifying machine constructed substantially as described,
whereby type are justified and made up in a column of any width.
Third. In a justifying machine the combination of a rule upon which the type are
justified, and a pusher to move said line into a column after justification, substantially
as described.
Fourth. In a type justifying machine the combination of a rule or surface against
which a line of type is justified, and a pusher for moving the justified line into
column when said rule and pusher are operated simultaneously by mechanical means,
substantially as described.
Fifth. A channel for passing and supporting type, which is provided with a
brush for the purpose of supporting said type in the channel, substantially as
described.
Sixth. In combination with a justifying machine a justifying rule or surface,
which is elevated positively out of the way of the type, and which drops back by
its own weight as distinguished from one which is forced down by the operation of
the machine, substantially as described.
Seventh. In a justifying machine a galley for the reception of the justified column,
the width of which galley may be varied to accommodate columns of different
*widths, substantially as described.
:

page_text: Eighth. In combination with a justifying machine a removable type galley,
whereby one galley may be readily substituted for another, substantially as
described.
Ninth. In combination with a justifying mechanism a sliding column support
block for the purpose of supporting the type which are being made up in column,
and of yielding to the advancing movement of said column as its length is increased,
substantially as described.
Tenth. The process of justifying type hereinbefore described, which consists in
cutting off from an advancing row of type a line by means of a grab, which line is
then justified on a rulo of a determined length, and is subsequently forced into a
column galley behind.
Eleventh. In a justifying machine a type galley for receiving the type when
made up in column, which galley is provided with a sliding support block and an
adjustable stop for the purpose of determining the length of the column, substan-
tially as described.
Twelfth. An adjustable hand grab for the purpose of cutting off from a row of
type a line of a determined length, substantially as described.
The object of the sixth part of the Invention is to produce a machine, by means
of which a row of type may be readily justified and made up in column, and is
especially useful in connection with a type setting machine in which a continuous
row of type passes to the justifying operator. This row of type has to be divided
into lines of the proper length, justified by the insertion of the proper spaces, and
deposited in the galley in column; and in what is known as leaded matter, leads
are inserted between adjacent lines before it is made up in column. By means of
the apparatus it is rendered possible for the operator to very rapidly and easily
justify such a line of type and make it up in column, while at the same time
suitable leads are inserted between adjacent lines of the type as they are made up
in column.
The machine consists generally in a removable galley, into which the justified
line of type is subsequently caused to enter, and a rule against which the line is
justified, which rule can be automatically moved out of the way, thereby allowing
the passage of the justified line of type into the galley. The type itself is justified
between two shoulders or abutments on the face of said rule, which form, with the
rule, the "composing stick." A page of leads is placed in the machine, and is so
combined with elevating mechanism that one or more of these leads is cut off from
the end of the page of leads as each line of type is justified and pushed into the
receiving galley.
The Invention will be clearly understood from the Drawings, of which thero aro
five Sheets.
Figure 25 represents generally a perspective elevation of the apparatus.
Figure 26 represents a vertical section through the same taken on the line ¤, x,
Figure 28.
Figure 27 represents another vertical section through the same on the line y, y,
Figure 28.
Figure 28 represents a plan of the apparatus with the receiving galley removed.
Figure 29 represents a detailed view of the rule and the lead elevating
mechanism.
Figure 30 represents a detailed view of the same, showing more in detail the
channelled backplate.
Figure 31 represents a cross section through Figure 30 on the line 2, 2.
Figure 32 is a plan view showing the upper end of the galley more in detail.
The apparatus consists generally of a bed plate A supported at an angle on a
pedestal P. The bed plate A supports a rule for receiving the line of type which
comes from the setter, and is provided with mechanism, not here shown, for the
support of the line in its passage to this apparatus. The general features of this
type supporting mechanism are shown in part five of this Patent.
Forming part of the bed plato A is a series of ways or slides w. Through the

page_text: three upper ways and the upper end of the bed plate is cut a series of holes, through
which slide the two rods r. Attached to the upper end of these rods is the pusher S,
which is slotted and channelled, and is used for the same purpose. Between the
two middle ways w, w, the bed plate is cut through at W, Figure 28, allowing the
movement of a cross head R¹ attached to the two rods r. This cross head is actuated
by means of the slotted upper arm of the bell crank j, which bell crank is
actuated by means of the link and treadle T, which treadle is raised by means
of the coiled spring U. The bell crank jis pivotted in the hanger S¹. It is there-
fore plain that the throwing down of the treadle T will throw down the arm t³
of the bell crank j, which acts on a roller or pin in the cross head R', and will also
throw down the pusher S, and force the justified line into the typo galley.
Supported on the bed plate A between the way w¹ and the adjustable front
plate h', and passing through the end of the frame, is the series of leads M, which
leads are forced forward against the end plate of the machine by a follower bar N.
This follower N is actuated by means of the rod m, to which is attached the cord
and weight, which cord and weight through the intervention of a pulley supported
on the frame A forces the follower forward, and causes the end lead of the series M
to rest against the front plate h' of the machine. This rod m is provided with the
handle o, by means of which it can be drawn down out of the way of the page of
leads for the purpose of replenishing said page. Set in the lower part of the lead
supporting channel is the locking spring 8, which is so arranged that when the
follower N is drawn down against the way w, the spring 8, Figure 27, will spring
up behind it and prevent the weight from forcing forward the follower N until
said spring a has been forced down out of its way, which may be done by pressing
upon the lower one of the series of leads whose foot rests against the top of said
spring, whereby said spring may be depressed, and the follower N freed.
Supported by a dovetailed slido b', Figure 28, is the lead supporting bar a¹,
which is adjustable in the slot t, whereby leads of different widths may be used in
the machine. The leads are supported between the fixed bar q and the adjustable
bar a', and are forced forward by the follower N against the front plate of the
machine, as has been described. This follower N has an overhanging arm n',
allowing of the adjustment of the lead supporting bar a¹ under this overhanging
arm n' of the follower N.
Bearing against a roller or pin attached to the cross head R¹ is the lever k,
Figure 26, the upper end of which n bears against such roller or pin. The lower
arm of said bent lever k, which approaches a bell-crank in shape, and which is
pivotted on the hanger S', operates a rising and falling frame h, tho purpose of
which is to elevate the end lead of the series M between the lines of justified type.
This frame slides in the end plate f' of the machine and is supported against such
plate by means of the guides d' attached to said plate, Figure 30. Also attached
to said plate is the buffer B' to prevent the jar due to the sudden descent of h;
said plate is raised and lowered by means of the roller or pin 2, which is straddled
by the slotted end of the arm k. The upper part of the slotted plate h consists of
a series of vertical arms v, between which the plate is cut away, as is clearly shown
in Figure 30.
Forming part of the end plate h', which is a continuation of the end plate ƒ',
are the blocks or plates a², against which blocks the page of leads rest, being
forced against it by the weight and cord f, as described. The end plate h' is
supported on two rods d', shown clearly in Figure 26, which rods pass through the
end of the frame A and have attached to their ends two nuts q and q¹, by
means of which the rods d' and the plate h¹ can be adjusted. One of the nuts q
is set in a slot or channel in the frame A. The plate h¹ is thus adjusted by means
of the two rods d' and their adjusting nuts. It is evident that the page of leads
will advance more and more over the elevating arms of the plate h, as the suid
plate his adjusted away from the frame A; and if it is adjusted far enough from
the machine two of the page of leads will be over these arms vand two leads will
be elevated by them. This adjustment, therefore, allows of the use of leads of

page_text: -different thicknesses or allows of the elevation of two thin leads at the same
.time.
Attached to the plate h by means of the arm is the adjustable rod 7"² supporting
the adjustable rule R, Figure 29. This rule is adjustable end wise in its support
by means of the clamp & and set screw e, as is more fully shown in the previous
application above referred to. Attached also to the end of the arm v is the arm v',
which supports the type in their passage into the receiving galley and prevents
their falling over sidewise. The upper face of the adjustable plate his provided
with the lip e³, which extends between the fixed blocks or plates a³ for the purpose
of supporting the type in their passage over and past the channel, through which 1
the elevating plate rises. This lip and the upper surface of h¹ is a little higher
than the surface e of the frame A, which is a continuation of the bottom of the
galley G.
Supported on the ways w, and having its surface in the same plane as the
-surface e of the end of the frame A is the galley G, which is supported by means
of the clamp c and a slotted adjustable block b, to which the galley G is attached
by means of a pin p¹, Figure 26. Resting within this galley is the bar B,
supported on the pin p, Figure 25, and clamped also by the clamp c. On this bar B
sliding in the galley is the supporting slide V. The block bis adjusted in tho
channel g by means of the slide 2, as has also been previously described, and is
provided with the slot or notch 8 into which the end of the rule R entors and in
which it is supported. By this arrangement the rule is forced to rise and sink in
the same plane, and the danger (which might arise from the sagging of the free
end of the rule) of the justified line being caught and upset by the rising lead is
avoided. The block b and pusher S are correspondingly slotted and channelled, as
has been previously described.
b
The operation of the machine can now be understood The apparatus is first
adjusted for the reception of a column of the desirod width, and a page of loads of
the desired length (or width of column) is placed in the apparatus. This is done
by removing the galley G with its bar B, when the follower N may be drawn
down till caught by the spring 8, when the leads can be placed in position between
the follower N and the adjustable plate h¹; then by pressing on the lower lead of
the series the weight f forces forward the follower N and causes the leads to rest
against the end-plate h'; then the galley having been put in position and properly
adjusted for the reception of a column of the desired width, a row of type sufficient
to form a line is justified on the rule R, between the adjustable block b and the
fixed plate m², Figure 28. Then by pressing upon the treadle T the arm k is
thrown up, elevating the sliding plate h and so many leads as may be in position
over it and elevating the rule R simultaneously. The machine is so constructed
that this operation takes place before the pusher S has begun to act upon the line
of type. As the plate h rises it forces upward the leads which may be over the
arms v, and these leads take the place of the rule R, which is simultaneously being
elevated out of the way and forms a continuous support for the type, as is shown
clearly in Figure 31. As soon as the end lead has been raised sufficiently to be
free of the surface e of the frame A, the pusher S begins to act against the line of
type, and thereby forces such line together with the lead which has been inserted
behind it under the rule R into the galley. By reason that the plane of the
surface e' of the end plate ¹ is above the surface e of the frame A, the type are
pushed into the receiving galley without falling into the channel through which the
lead has been elevated, and without catching against the corner of the surface e,
which might happen were it not for this provision. On releasing the treadle the
rule R once more sinks to its position above the type in the galley and prevents
their falling forward toward the pusher. The side arm attached to the plate h
serves to prevent the end type of a line which is being put in the galley from
falling sidewise toward the rod, while said line is being pushed into the receiving
galley, as shown in Figures 30 and 32.
It will be observed that the rule R rises and falls constantly parallel to itself.

page_text: By this means all danger of upsetting the type is avoided. This rule is mado
somewhat thicker than heretofore, so as to more than occupy the space between the
lines of type which is subsequently filled by the leads K, Figure 20.
What I claim in this part of the Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,-
First. A justifying machine, constructed substantially as described, whereby type
are received upon a rule and there justified, and are subsequently made up into
column and leads are automatically inserted between the lines of type.
Second. In a type-justifying machine a rule which rises and falls constantly
parallel to itself, as distinguished from a pivotted or swinging rule, substantially as
described.
Third. In a type-justifying machine a rising and falling rule which moves in a
plane situated directly over the end one of a series of leads, the said rule being
connected with the lead elevating mechanism, whereby the elevation of the rule
causes the lead to be cut off from the end of the column and to be substituted for
the rule between two rows of type, substantially as described.
Fourth. In a type justifying machine a page of leads operated by a lead follower,
which follower can be thrown down away from the leads and locked by means of a
locking contrivance, thereby allowing the insertion of a new page of leads,
substantially as described.
Fifth. In an apparatus for cutting off leads from the end of a page of such leads,
a lead elevating plate provided with arms, which arins embrace an adjustable
surface against which the page of leads is advanced, thereby allowing of the
clevation of leads of different thickness or of two leads at the same time, sub-
stantially as described.
Sixth. In a type-justifying and leading machine, a type-rule and lead-elevator
attached together or formed of the same piece, substantially as described.
Seventh. In a type-justifying machine, a guard v¹ adapted to enter the space left
vacant by the rule when elevated, thereby preventing tho lateral falling of the
type, substantially as described.
Eighth. In a type-justifying apparatus, a page of leads situated immediately
below the end of a receiving galley into which the type enter, and provided with
mechanism for advancing such leads to the end of the typo galley, and elevating
them separately between the successive lines of type, substantially as described.
Ninth. In a type-justifying machine, a justifying rule supported only at one
end, the free end being adapted to enter a nick or notch in a support block for
the purpose of supporting said free end and regulating its movement, substantially
as described.
Tenth. In combination with a justifying rule which can be raised and lowered,
an elastic buffer to soften the descent of said rule, thereby preventing the destruction
of the apparatus, substantially as described.
Eleventh. In an apparatus for advancing a page of type or leads on a surface,
the adjustable side support bar al and the follower N provided with the over-
hanging end n, allowing of the adjustment of the side bar a¹ beneath such
overhanging end, substantially as described.
The seventh part of the Invention relates to an apparatus by means of which a
row of quadrats can be readily seized by the operator and inserted in the page.
Heretofore it has been necessary to select by hand as needed quadrats from a
reservoir in which they indiscriminately lie. By means of the Invention one line
of quadrats at a time is separated from the block by mechanism, and is placed in
such a position as to be readily seized by the composing operator by means of a
hand-grab, and placed in the composing stick.
The Invention is shown in the accompanying Drawings, of which there are two
Sheets, in which
Figure 33 represents a general perspective elevation of the Invention.
Figure 34 represents a central vertical section of the same.

page_text: Figure 35 represents a section of the horizontal galley showing the elevating
slide; and
Figure 36 represents a vertical plan of the same, partly in section, showing the
upper guide surfaces.
The apparatus consists generally of a horizontal galley or plate A' which is
provided with the two side pieces or guides g¹ and m¹ forming a galley for the
reception of a block of quadrats L' which are separated by the machine and brought
within the ready reach of the operator. The galley is supported on the pedestal P¹,
preferably in a horizontal position. Fixed to the end of the galley is the end
plate N. The block of quadrats in the galley is forced against this end-plate N¹
by means of a follower or pusher 2 which slides by means of two supports on the
rod, around which it can be swung out of the way of the quadrats. The
follower p² is drawn forward by means of the weight w¹ attached to the cord i.
Attached to the end of this cord is a button b², by means of which this cord i may
be attached either to the follower 22 or to the galley A' by means of the slot 2³.
Resting on the galley A' and fixed to the end-plate N₁ by means of screws z¹ is
the adjustable-plate C². The distance between C and N¹ can be altered by means
of the thumb-screws ¹. By means of this adjustment quadrats of different
thicknesses may be employed. Attached also to the galley A¹ is the guide-plate K'
which is situated in the same vertical plane as C², this guide-plate K¹ is slotted
about its centre at c'. Between the end plato N¹ and the guide plate K¹ slides the
elevating plate j¹ provided with a pin n which passes through the vertical slot e';
this pin is raised and lowered by means of the link which is attached to the
treadle T. The treadle and link are thrown up by means of the spiral-spring 8',
whereby the elevating-plate is also thrown up. The lower edge of the adjustable
plate is mised high enough above the galley to allow of the passage of the
quadrats L' under it. On the upper part of the end plate N' is the lip o'; attached
also to the plate N' is the channelled guide-plate c', the two sides of which form a
continuation of the end-plate N¹ and C².
The operation of the machine can now bo understood. When the treadle is
elevated, as shown in Figure 33, the elevating plate ¹ intervenes between the end
row of quadrats and the end-plate N¹. By depressing the troadle T¹ the plate j¹
is withdrawn from between the end line of quadrats of the block L' and the end-
plate N. When this occurs the follower p³ forces the block of quadrats forward
until the end line of quadrats rests against the end-plate N¹. Then by allowing
the spring to raise the treadle T and link and the elevating plate ja single line
of quadrats is thrown up, as shown in Figure 34 at L. This line of quadrats is
supported upon the elevating plate j' and between the end plate N¹ provided with
its upper lip o' and guide-plate C, and are presented to the operator in the space
between the lip o' and the upper edge of the plate C². The operator seizes the line
so presented by means of a hand-grab, and draws it into the channel C¹, from
which it is readily raised by means of the grab and placed in the desired position
in the composing-stick. In case quadrats of a greater thickness are used, the
plate C should be adjusted by means of the screws ¹ to allow of their passage
between it and the end-plate N¹.
What I claim in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
First. An apparatus constructed, substantially as described, whereby a line of
quadrats is mechanically separated from a block of the same, and brought within
the reach of the justifying operator.
Second. An apparatus for separating a line of quadrats from a block of the
sane, which is provided with a sliding elevating plate operated by a treadle,
substantially as described.
Third. An apparatus for dividing a line of quadrats from a block of the same,
which is provided with a channel into which each subsequent line of quadrats is
elevated, and with a continuation of said channel, into which the quadrats are

page_text: drawn before they are removed by the justifying operator, substantially as
described.
Fourth. In an apparatus for dividing a line of quadrats from a block of the
same, the end plate N' provided with the lip o¹, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
Fifth. In an apparatus for separating a line of quadrats from a block of the
same, an adjustable plate beneath which the line of quadrats passes, and constructed
substantially as described, whereby lines of quadrats of different thicknesses
may be elevated between such adjustable plate and the end plate of the
apparatus.
Sixth. In an apparatus for elevating a line of type or quadrats, an elevating
slide, which is thrown down by means of a treadle and up by means of a spring,
whereby a line of quadrats or type is cut off from a .block, and is automatically
held in position to be removed by the operator, without a continued depressing of
a treadle or equivalent mechanism, substantially as described.
The eighth part of the Invention is intended to arrange in regular order in a
receiving-channel, side against side, types or type-spaces, no matter in what position
they may be fed into the machine.
It frequently occurs in the operation of type-setting or justifying that types or
spaces have to be rojected or thrown aside. Ordinarily such types are promiscuously
thrown into a box, and have to be selected and set up again in line before they
can be used in connection with any apparatus which is intended to automatically
set or deliver such type or spaces. It is plain that as a type is dropped from the
fingers it may strike upon its flat side or upon its edge, and if such types are to
be arranged regularly in a channel it is obviously necessary that they be delivered
to the said channel with their similar sides facing the same way, and the apparatus
is intended to deliver each type to the receiving-channel with its flat side toward
the advancing line in said channel. This is accomplished by causing a type to
descend or slide down an inclined plane, having its major axis at an angle to the
direction in which it is descending in said plane.
It is obviously impossible for any narrow type or space to rest upon a sharply-
inclined plane upon its edge with its major axis at an angle to its line of motion
without falling over upon its flat side, for the reason that a line from the centre
of gravity of the type to the centre of the earth falls outside of the base of the
type; and therefore, whenever a narrow type is placed upon an inclined plane it
will necessarily fall over upon its side, and it is this principle which is utilized in
the operation of this Invention. It is possible for a type to slide down a deeply
inclined plane upon its edge, provided its major axis or length is parallel with
the direction in which it is moving, for the reason that a perpendicular line from
its centre of gravity would then fall within the base of the type, and it becomes
necessary to turn the type, so that its axis forms an angle to its line of motion
before gravity will act to overthrow the type.
It is with the object of preventing a type from sliding down an inclined plane
with its major axis parallel to its line of motion, that this apparatus is devised,
which consists generally in an inclined plane having converging sides which unite
in a throat through which the type are delivered to the receiving-channel below,
where a vibrating pusher feeds them through the channel, thus making room for
each succeeding type or space.
In the Drawing, Figure 37 represents a side elevation of the apparatus, and
Figure 38 a front elevation. Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts.
A is the frame or support of the apparatus, supporting a horizontal bed B upon
which types or spaces S are shown. To this bed B is connected an inclined
plane C, which is curved at its lower end, as shown in the Drawing, so as to
deliver the type nearly vertically. This inclined plane is provided with converging
sides E, E, having the angular deflectors F, F, F. At the throat M of the
inclined plane C a removable cover G is placed, which is supported on the pins I, I.
Through this cover is cut the conducting-channel H, which is a continuation of the

page_text: throat of the inclined plane C. Descending type pass beneath this cover and
over the curved surface beneath, and are delivered into the end of a type-
channel K, in which a friction slug L supports the line of type St, while a
vibrating pusher O impels the line forward, making room for each succeeding type.
This vibrating or reciprocating pusher O consists generally of a bell crank pivotted
at its angle, the longer arm of which is elevated by the spring Q, and is depressed
by the eccentric P attached to the shaft W revolved by a belt T passing over a
pulley V. The type-channel K is a little inclined, so that the types S shall not
fall back against the pusher O, which pusher is kept continually reciprocating
during the operation of the machine.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-Types are delivered one by one at
the upper part of the inclined plane C, and may be so delivered either upon their
edge or upon their flat side. If they are delivered upon their flat sido, they of
course slide down such slide or inclined plane upon their flat side through the
throat H into the channel K; but if they are delivered upon their edge, as shown
at 2, coming in contact with some one or more of the deflectors forming part of
the inclined sides, they will thereby be thrown into such a position that their
major axis will be parallel to the sides of the deflectors. As they descend still
further, they will slide down past the ends of said deflector till they are no
longer supported by the sides of said deflector, against which they previously
rested. When they have passed free of such deflector, gravity acts upon them,
and tends to throw them upon their side, as is shown at 2'; and if the first
deflector or projecting arm does not accomplish it, a second one will.
The object of these several deflectors is to insure the striking of the type against
one of them, otherwise it might be possible for a type to pass down to the
receiving-channel without coming in contact with any one, and sufficient deflectors
should be used to insure this contact, so that when a type reaches the entrance of
the channel H it is upon its flat side, and passes readily through it beneath the
gate of the movable piece G. But if two type arrive together at the throat, or if
a type arrive there on its edge, the type cannot pass through the conducting
channel H, as that is only large enough for one type at a time to pass through on
its flat side. If a type should thus obstruct the passage at the entrance to the
channel H, it can be readily thrown into the cup J, which is part of the cover G.
Should any type be caught inside tho conductor-channel H, the cover G can be
readily removed for the purpose of cleaning the channel.
It is obvious that a delivery-tube inclined to the line of descent of the type on
the plane might, to a certain extent, accomplish the same result, and would contain
substantially the principle of the Invention, which is the causing a type to descend
It is obvious
a plane with its major axis at an angle to its line of motion.
likewise that by placing the plunger ninety degrees in either direction from its
present position, the type could be delivered edge to edge instead of side to side,
which would be useful in some machines.
What I claim in this part of the Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
First. An apparatus constructed substantially as described, whereby the type is
automatically upset, and caused to enter the channel on its flat side, irrespective
of the position in which it has been delivered to the apparatus.
Second. A type-guiding frame, consisting of an inclined plane having one or
more deflectors for the purpose of upsetting any type which may be descending
the said plane on its edge, and causing the same to be delivered on its flat side,
substantially as described.
Third. A type upsetting apparatus, which consists of an inclined plane and one
or more deflectors projecting across said plane, whereby the descending type is
caused to assume a position at an angle to its line of notion, and is thereby upset
by the action of gravity, substantially as described.
Fourth, An apparatus constructed substantially as described, whereby the type

page_text: is caused to slide down an inclined plane, having its greater axis at an angle to its
line of motion.
Fifth. A type-upsetting apparatus which consists of an inclined plane and two
converging guiding sides, which sides are provided with one or more deflectors for
the purpose of upsetting any type which may be descending the inclined plane
on its edge, and causing it to slide on its flat side, substantially as described.
Sixth. An apparatus, constructed substantially as described, whereby the type is
automatically upset and caused to slide on its flat side, irrespective of its position
on its delivery to the apparatus, and is subsequently set up in line in a receiving-
channel.
Seventh. An apparatus consisting of an inclined type slide having deflectors for
the purpose of upsetting the type, and a throat which is covered by a gate or cover
of such a height as to prevent the passage of any type upon its edge, but to allow
the passage of those type which come to it upon their flat sides, substantially as
described.
Eighth. A type slide having upsetting deflectors when combined with a type-
receiving channel, in which channel the type are fed along by means of a
reciprocating plunger or equivalent apparatus, substantially as described.
Ninth. An apparatus for upsetting type, which consists of an inclined plane
provided with deflectors and having sides converging to a throat, which throat is
closed by a gate which is provided with a receiving-cup or trough, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
Tenth. A type-upsetting apparatus, which consists of an inclined plane linving
deflectors and having its sides converging to a throat through which the type are
delivered to a receiving-channel, and which throat is provided with the removable
gate G, substantially as described.
Eleventh. A type-slide C having upsetting deflectors F, gate-piece G, and
removable channel K, substantially as described.
The ninth part of the Invention relates to improvements in the type distributing
machines.
In a printing establishment, pages of type, after they have been used for
printing, are bound together by cords and wrapped in paper until they are to be
distributed. The first improvement has reference to a mode of transferring such
pages of type on to the horizontal galley of the distributor, upon which the type
stand vertically, and of bringing them within the reach of the operation of the
distributing mechanism.
The second improvement relates to a line-elevating mechanism and a locking
contrivance connected therewith.
The third improvement relates to improvements in the channel through which
the type enter the machine and in the type-driver.
The fourth improvement relates to the type-carrier and the mechanism for
feeling the type.
The fifth improvement relates to the method of guiding the type which are
ejected from the carriers and delivering them into the type-cases beneath.
The Invention is fully shown in the accompanying Drawings, of which there are
seven Sheets, in which similar letters refer to similar parts.
Figure 39 represents a plan view of part of the distributor, showing the transfer-
galley in position.
Figure 40 represents a perspective elevation of the transfer-galley and the page-
table.
Figures 41, 42, and 43, represent perspective views of the type-elevating
mechanism.
Figures 44, 45, and 46, represent plan views of the type-driver for feeding the
type to the carriers.
Figure 47 represents a perspective view of the improved type-carrier. Figure 48
is a view of the same with the ejector removed, a side elevation of which ejector

page_text: is shown at Figure 49 and an end elevation at 50. Figure 51 shows a top view of
the improved carrier.
Figure 52 represents the improved type ejecting mechanism showing the grooved
plate for the reception of the ejected type.
Figuros 53 and 54 represent improvements in apparatus for selecting spaces.
Figuro 55 represents an apparatus, by means of which type remaining in the
carriers are selected by means of their thickness. The upper half of Figure 56
represents a section through Figure 55 on the line x, x. The lower half represents
a similar section through the next type-selecting mechanism.
Figuro 57 represents a contrivance, by means of which any hook can be thrown
out of operation, whereby the type which would otherwise be ejected by it are
retained in the carriers.
Figures 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, and 63, represent views of the improved type-guiding
apparatus.
In Figures 39 and 40 is represented the improved type-galley and the method
of transferring a block or page of type from the page-table to the galley of the
distributer. D represents a page-table, upon which the page of type T bound with
a cord is placed. This table may be provided with the pockets for the reception
of loose matter, and with the transfer-galley g-resting in a socket provided in
said table. Supported on the pins i in holes in the page-table D is the transfer
galley_c. The surface of this galley is on the same level as the surface of the
table D. This transfer-galley C is provided with the fixed side J and the
adjustable side h. This adjustable side-rail his supported and guided on two
rods a sliding through the lugs a¹. The spring e' bears against these rods and
creates sufficient friction to hold the side at any point to which it may be
adjusted. The transfer-galley is also provided with the two blocks b, b, for
supporting the freed type, as presently to be shown.
The side is adjusted to the width of the page of type T which is then on the
page-table D. The page of type T is slid upon the transfer-galley C, the support-
blocks b, b, placed one at each end, and the cord is removed, leaving the page
supported on all sides. The transfer-galley C is now removed from the page table,
and the rods i, i, are caused to enter corresponding holes in the horizontal galley B
of the distributer. The apparatus is so constructed that the level of the type-
galley C and of the horizontal bed B is the same. The adjustable side N of the
horizontal galley B is then adjusted to correspond with the position of the
adjustable side h of the transfer-galley C. The cord K¹ operating the page-
follower J' is then drawn back by the button d' and hooked into the catch i¹,
when the page-follower J' can be thrown over on the rod P' out of the way.
Then by holding the blocks b, b, firmly against the ends of the page of type Tit
can be slid on to the horizontal galley B, when the page follower J¹ may be
turned back on the rod P' and behind the page T, and the button released from
the catch may be once more attached to the page-follower J', which will then be
shoved forward into the position shown at T'. The fore-most line of the page T"
is then elevated by the vertically moving line-clevator arranged to elevate one line
of type at a time from the end of the page.
This line-elevator is put in operation by means of a line follower operating a
trip-lever. It has been found in practice that said lever is occasionally accidentally
operated, thereby elevating a new line of type before the former one has been
distributed, and a contrivance has been devised whereby such accidental movement
of the trip-lever is prevented. This improvement is fully shown in Figures 41, 42,
and 43. represents the front line of type which has been elevated by the line
elevator c'. This line t is fed into the distributer by the line-follower 8 operated
by the cord and weight c. d represents a trip-lever which engages with the
pawl j and prevents its engagement with the ratchet until it is struck by the
pin p attached to the line follower 8. As the line of type t is exhausted, this pin p
engages with the upper end of the trip lever, as shown in Figure 43, when tho

page_text: lower end of said lever being thrown over off the pawl j, said pawl j engages
with the constantly revolving ratchet whereby the wheel m¹ is revolved, which
wheel operates the line-elevating mechanism e' by means not here shown.
Above the pin p is pivotted the latch whose hooked end receives and firmly
holds the upper end of the trip-lever d. The lower side of the latch & is bevelled,
so that as the pin p advances by the exhaustion of the line of type t, it will elevato
said latch and free it from the upper end of the trip-lever & before striking said
trip-lever. As the pin p recedes after having engaged with the upper end of d, the
Intch drops back and again secures the upper end of d. By means of this
contrivance the before-mentioned difficulty is avoided, and it is impossible to
operate the lever & accidentally, since the latch & must first be raised before & can
be thrown clear of the pawl .
The line of type t advancing along the channel ; may be of different widths,
therefore there has been placed in said channel the adjustable piece n', whereby
the width of the throat of this channel is regulated. The position of this piece is
fixed by means of the screw o', as is shown in Figures 44, 45, and 16.
These Figures also represent the improvement in type drivers.
The type
advancing in the channel are cut off singly from the end of the line by means of
what is known as the type-driver, which driver cuts off the type and holds it
firmly until it is delivered into the carrier. The improvement has special reference
to the mechanism for holding said type during its passage, known as the type-
finger, marked f¹. The type driver 2 being in the position shown in Figure ++,
the advancing motion of the line of type t in the channel j moves the end type
free of the corner b', when the cut-off spring & operates the type driver p¹, and
drives the type t forward into the position shown in Figure 45.
There it is held between the side b¹ of the channel j, the type-driver p', and the
type-finger. This type-finger f¹ has heretofore been held against such type by
means of a spring, but friction is used instead of a spring to accomplish this result.
The type-finger has a slot cut in its end at n. Through the end of this slot
there passes the pin 22. The screw t¹ cramps the jaws of the finger f¹ upon the
pin p², regulating the amount of friction. The type-driver continuing its forward
inovement comes into the position shown in Figure 46, when the type drops into
the carrier M; but the finger f' does not follow it sideways into the recess of the
carrier, because it is held by the friction on the pin p². The side of the recess v of
the carrier Al is set behind the end of the channel j, when said carrier M is in
position to receive the type. Wherefore the type 2 coming into the recess between
the type-driver p', the finger f¹, the chaunel end b, and the carrier is allowed to
drop until its foot rests against the bottom of the carrier, which was not the caso
in the former machine, because the type-finger f' followed the type with a continued
pressure into the recess and prevented its dropping, so that a cap had to be used to
keep down the type, which cap was inoperative upon spaces and quadrats, and was
liable to batter the type.
By means of this contrivance all type have their bases brought to the same
level by means of gravity, in whatever position they may leave the type-driver.
It is necessary that the position of rest of the carrier M should not be such as to
allow sufficient space for the type to turn between the finger f¹ and the side of
the recess v. The type-driver prests against the roller, as shown in the Drawing,
and the position of the finger f1 is determined by means of the reciprocating
roller r. By means of the roller the finger fl is moved up against the line of type
at each return movement of the type-driver p'.
In Figures 47, 48, 49, 50, and 51, is shown the improvement in type carriers;
M' represents the carrier-body, which is provided with the clutch N' and ejector E².
This ejector E slides under the clutch N¹ in the cored-out portion of Al', as is
clearly shown in the Drawings. This ejector is provided with three ejecting arms.
Between the two lower arms is added a web or stripper s' by means of which
any short type or broken piece of type is removed from the carrier when the
ejector is thrown forward.

page_text: Figures 52, 53, 54, 55, and 56 represent improvements in the feeler mechanism
of the apparatus, by means of which the type are automatically selected. Figure 52
is a lateral clevation showing clearly the conductor-plate F pierced with tho
holes H for the passage of the feeler nick-pins and the rest-block pins; Figures 53
and 54 represent generally a contrivance by means of which quadrats or spaces
are automatically selected by this machine and deposited in their cases, no matter
in what position they may be held in the carrier. It is obvious that the spaces or
quadrats may be used in printing with either end up, and that they may be
arranged with either side toward the bottom of the page, so that it may happen
that when these spaces are delivered to the distributer they may be delivered in
any one of four positions with either end up and with either edge out. Therefore
some peculiar device has to be employed to select automatically these spaces, no
matter in what position they may be left in the carriers. S represents such a
space held in tho carrier M¹ by means of the clutch N¹. This space is provided
with two nicks v¹ and v³, one in the front and one in the back. It is obvious that
in whatever position the space may rest in the carrier M' there will be always a
nick presented to the feelers, either at the bottom, as shown in Figure 53 at v¹, or
at the top, as shown in Figure 54 at v³. Two feeler-slides X, X¹, are provided
with corresponding nick-pins and n¹, n being arranged to enter the nick v' at
the bottom, n¹ being arranged to enter the nick v2 at the top, and of course when
either the pins n, n, enter the nicks in the space the corresponding hook will drop
and the space be ejected, and therefore no space provided with nicks v' and v² can
pass both those feeler-slides.
$4
Figures 55 and 56 represent an improvement by means of which type not nicked
for the machine, or which may from any other cause have passed preceding hooks,
are delivered in order in channels, instead of being dropped into indiscriminato
pi." As no conductor could guide through one channel type of greatly varying
thicknesses, such typo have heretofore been dropped into a receptacle by means of
the last hook, which drops at every beat of the machine, and throws out every
character left in the carriers by the preceding hooks. In this improvement two or
more feeler-slides are arranged at the end of the series, in all respects like the
others, except that the dropping of their hooks depends upon the thickness of the
type felt instead of upon the nicks. A finger is connected with the feeler-slide X,
and is so arranged with reference to the type or characters held in the carrier M'
that it will pass alongside of a narrow type, but will bring up against the edge of
those which are above a certain thickness. The hook H' of course only drops
when the finger passes the type, and the conductor channels, through which the
type drops from the first feeler, is arranged with reference to the thickness of the
type to pass through it, so that the type cannot turn in their passage through such
conductor. The next feeler is similarly constructed, except that its test-finger m
will pass by a thicker type than the test finger l, so that type of the next thickness
are selected by it and dropped into their proper channel. The last book drops at
every beat of the machine.
Figure 57 represents an improvement by means of which the withdrawing-hook
can be prevented from dropping except at the pleasure of the operator. This
improvement is especially useful by allowing two adjacent fecler-slides to be
arranged for the withdrawal of the same letter, as, for instanco, the letter c, which
most frequently occurs. If there were only one slide for the selection of this letter,
its corresponding channel in the receiving-case below would be filled more rapidly
than the others, thereby necessitating the substitution of a new case. By means
of this contrivance the first hook in the series is allowed to select the e character
until its corresponding channel in the case below is filled, when it is prevented
from operating further, and the second hook is allowed to eject the same character
into a new channel in the case below. This result is accomplished practically in
the manner shown in Figure 57. The hook H¹ rests upon the permanent bearing
surface w¹, shown also in Figure 57. Attached to the said hook H' is the sliding-
piece g¹, slotted and supported on pins or screws, as is shown. When this is slid

page_text: toward the vibrating point of the hook H', as is shown in Figure 57, the bearing
surface w is continued by the bearing-surface w³, so as to lengthen the same.
Then it is obvious that the hook H cannot drop, notwithstanding the rest-
block q' is thrown back to a distance equal to the depth of the nicks in the type,
as is shown in Figure 57, since the hook H is still supported on the rest-block q
by means of the sliding bearing-surface w³.
Figures 58, 59, 60, 61, and 62 represent improvements in the apparatus for
conducting the type from the carrier to the case below; F represents the improved
conductor-plate now made removable. The type ejected from the carriers are
guided downward through channels V' cut in the face of the conductor plate F
nearest the carriers. This plate F is slotted at its upper end to receive and guide
the hooks, and is pierced with holes H to allow the passage of the feeler nick-pins
and the rest-block pins. This conductor is supported in the guides R¹, and is
thereby made removable.
Below the conductor-plate F are the conducting-channels V, which are formed
by separate bars K, and form a lower conductor plate provided with channels for
the reception and guidance of the type, corresponding to the channel V₁ of the
conductor-plate F. These channels are clearly shown in Figure 59. The con-
ductors K are formed of square bars of metal, in which are cut grooves which
have a longitudinal twist of 90°, so that the type reaches the bottom of each
conductor turned a quarter of a turn. This curved groove is commenced about
the centre of each bar at the top, and comes out at the bottom nearly or quite at
the side of the bar, depending on the thickness of the particular groove. The
conductors K are arranged side by side, any open groove near the bottom of one
being closed by the solid side of the next, thus making each groove complete on
three sides, the front of the grooves being closed by a glass window W supported
on the lugs w, as shown in Figures 59 and 62. This removable glass window
prevents the type from falling out of the grooves. Through it the passage of the
type down the conductors can be observed, and on its removal any wedged type or
other obstruction can be easily taken out. The lower ends of the conductors K
are bent as at P, so that the descending type striking against this bend or curvo
have their momentum arrested, and are prevented from being bruised by falling
directly on the bottom of the case.
What I claim in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,
First. A transfer-galley constructed substantially as described, whereby it may
be attached both to a transfer-table and to the galley of the distributing machine.
Second. A transfer-galley provided with an adjustable side and with means for
supporting the ends of the page, whereby the page of type is firmly supported on
all sides on its passage to the distributer, and whereby it may be moved on to the
galley of the distributing-machine without danger of altering the relations of the
type, substantially as described.
Third. A transfer-galley provided with two or more rods, which are constructed
to enter corresponding holes in the transfer table and the horizontal galley of a
distributing-machine, substantially as and for the purposes described.
Fourth. In combination with a type-distributor in which a line of type is fed
continuously into the machine and by it distributed, and in which a new line is
substituted on the exhaustion of the former one, a locking contrivance or latch
operated by the line-follower, which prevents the operation of the line-elevating
mechanism except after the exhaustion of the line, substantially as described.
Fifth. In a type-distributing machine in which a line of type is fed into the
machine by means of a cut-off mechanism, a finger connected with the cut-off
mechanism which supports the type in its passage from the line into the machine,
and is held against said type by friction, substantially as described.
Sixth. In a type-distributing machine in which a line of type is fed into the
machine by means of a cut-off mechanism, a type-holding finger connected with
the cut-off mechanism which supports the type in its passage from the line into

page_text: the type-carrier, and is held against said type by an adjustable friction-clutch,
substantially as described.
Seventh. In a type-distributing machine in which a type is transferred from a
line into a carrier, a transfer inechanism constructed substantially as described,
whereby the transferred type is allowed to drop by gravity before it is seized by
the type-carrier.
Eighth. A type-carrier provided with an ejector for the purpose of ejecting type
from said carrier, which ejector is provided with one or more ejecting arms, and a
web or stripper connected with said arm or arms, whereby the type, whether
broken or intact, is certainly ejected from the carrier, substantially as described.
Ninth. A type or character provided with corresponding nicks on its opposite
edges, whereby it is selected by the selecting mechanisin whichever edge is presented
to such mechanism, substantially as described.
Tenth. A type-distributing machine constructed substantially as described,
whereby characters are automatically selected independent of their position in 1
such apparatus.
Eleventh. In a type-distributing machine in which typo are selected by a nick-
pin entering a nick in the type, two selecting mechanisms provided with such
selecting nick-pins placed at equal distances above and below the central line of
the type or character, whereby the said character is selectod irrespective of the
end which is up in the carrier, substantially as described.
Twelfth. In a type distributing mechanism, in which type are selected by
means of feeler nick-pins, the combination of two feeler nick-pins situated at equal
distances from the central line of the type and connected cach with its own
ejecting mechanism, with a type having corresponding nicks situated at equal
distances from its central line on its two edges, whereby said type or character is
selected in whatever position it is presented to the feeling mechanisın, substantially
as described.
Thirteenth. In a type-distributing machine in which the type are ejected from
carriers by ejecting or withdrawing mechanism, an apparatus constructed sub-
stantially as described, whereby one or more of the ejecting mechanisms can be
prevented from ejecting its corresponding typo.
.
Fourteenth. In a type-distributing machine in which type are ejected from
carriers by means of ejector-hooks supported on movable blocks, a means of
increasing and lengthening the bearing surface of said hooks, whereby they can be
prevented from dropping at the will of the operator, substantially as described.
Fifteenth. In a type-distributing machine, apparatus constructed substantially
as described, whereby characters are selected by their thickness alone, independent
of any other characteristic.
Sixteenth. A type-selecting mechanism which consists of an advancing and
retiring feeler-slide provided with a test-finger which passes by type below a
certain thickness, and by its passage causes the ejection of such type or character,
but does not eject from the carrier typo of a greater thickness, substantially as
described.
Seventeenth. In a type-distributing machine in which type are ejected from
carriers and allowed to drop into cases beneath a type-conducting plate which
receives and guides the falling type, and is supported in slides or equivalent
mechanism, and is thereby made removable from the machine, substantially as
described.
Eighteenth. In a type-distributing machine in which type are ejected from
carriers and allowed to drop into cases beneath, a series of conducting channels for
the purpose of receiving and conducting such type to the cases below, which
consists of bars having in then a groove or channel cut through from the surfaco
of said bars, which channel is cut so as to have a twist or turn, whereby the
descending type are by their descent twisted or turned so as to have a different
position on their delivery from that in which they were delivered to the
conductor.

page_text: The object of this improvement is to avoid chipping the type or the cut-off
mechanism. Formerly it was possible for the type-driver to strike against the
corner g, which was then in the same plane as the surface k, or it was possible for
the driver to strike the corner of the next type in the row. In the present
apparatus the corner g being adjusted back about half the thickness of the thinnest
type, the type is cut off past said corner g. By this means these difficulties are
avoided. The type driver has two movements, the initiatory movement being due
to the spring S, and the second movement being due to the positive advance of the
driver by tho cam action of the machine.
The initiatory spring movement was formerly sufficient to advance the end
type clear of the following line. In this position it was held between the finger f
and the corner-piece g; but this corner piece being cut away in the present
apparatus, it is obvious that there would be danger of the type falling forward;
therefore the type in the present contrivance is only advanced half its width by
the initiatory spring movement, as is shown in Figure 66. There the row of
type m² is pressed against the cut-off c, and against the type advanced by the cut-
off mechanism which is supported by the friction finger f, the type m³ in the
channel being forced forward by the feed mechanism, as in the old apparatus. So
that it will be seen that the end type when cut off and advancing from the
position shown in Figure 64 to the position shown in Figure 66 is moved by two
forces, one the advance movement of the cut-off, the other the lateral movement
of the line of type; and it therefore moves in a diagonal or curved line into the
position shown in Figure 66. The subsequent positive movement of the cut-off
places the type in the carrier, as shown in Figure 67.
Attached to the front end of the type-finger are two buffers b, shown clearly in
Figures 66, 67, and 68, which buffers are here shown as small strips of some clastic
material, by preference rubber, let into the end of the type-finger; but they might
be any other suitable clastic pad. The object of this pad is to force the type well
into the carrier, in case it has not been placed exactly in position by the cut-off
mechanism.
Its operation can be clearly seen in Figure 68, where the type is shown a
little advanced in the carrier. The advance movement of the type-driver c causes
the buffer b to strike against said typo t, and thereby to force it back to its
position in the carrier.
Rollers 9, Figure 68 are also provided, by means of which the type are forced
down into the carriers, so that their feet rest against said carriers.
a, Figure 64, represents a locking-block, by means of which one of the hooks
can be prevented from dropping at the will of the operator. This block can be
swung around upon a pivot out of the way of the advancing hook p, or it may be
swung into the position shown in Figure 64, when it is evident that the advancing
movement of said hook will bring it in contact with the said block a, and will
compress the spring S³, Figure 75, and thereby prevent the feeler-slido from
advancing further. The feeler nick pins are thereby prevented from entering the
nicks in the type, and the hook is prevented from dropping.
The next improvement has relation to the carrior-moving mechanism, and
consists in an improved means of communicating the motion of the driving shaft E
to the carriers, and to an improved mechanism for arresting the movement of the
carriers. This improvement is shown clearly in Figures 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70,
and 71. Motion is communicated from the driving shaft E to the bent cam D,
Figure 69. The faces of this cam are pressed upon by two bars N carrying rollers.
These bars are attached to the sliding frame K, which is provided with the rack r,
which meshes in the pinion 20. This rack K has mounted upon it the carrier
pusher P. The pinion w also meshes into the rack attached to the corresponding
sliding carrier-pusher frame K¹. The carriers move in opposite directions in
parallel channels, as has been previously described, the front row being represented
by C, and the back row by C. It is therefore necessary that the sliding-fraines K
and K¹ reciprocate in opposite directions, which result is obtained by means of the

page_text: intermediate pinion w. The carrier-pusher, which is shown in detail in Figure 65,
consists of a pusher-plate P mounted upon a spindle d, which is supported in
position by a frame attached to the sliding-frame K. Within the tubular channel
in said plate is set the spiral spring h which bears against the pusher P and the
frame K, and holds the pusher P forward. On the outer end of the rod & are the
set nuts, and bearing against these nuts is the pivotted handle q held against the
nuts by the spring t, and provided with the face m, the purpose of which will be
presently explained. Set in the carrier pusher plate P which is situated next the
feed mechanism, is the stud ³, which is not found in the corresponding pusher-
plate P¹ at the other end. In both pushers P and P¹ are set spring-studs v. By
these contrivances the pusher plates P and P¹ first come in contact with tho
carriers by the spring-studs v, by means of which the slack is partially taken up
between the carriers, and the subsequent impact between the pusher and the
carriers is rendered less violent. In case any obstruction should occur in the carrier
channels, so that the carriers were prevented from moving freely through such
channels, then the advancing movement of the frame K would compress the
spring h, force back the rod & through the frame, and forces down the handle Պ
which has the effect of stopping the machine, as will be presently described.
By means of the set-nuts, the position of the pusher-plates P and P¹ can be
adjusted so as to determine how far the carriers shall be driven forward in the
channels. This adjustment allows for any thinning of the carriers or other
variation. The pusher P which is nearest the cut-off mechanism, and is provided
with the stud, opens the carrier-clutch for the reception of the type, as shown
in Figure 66.
Improvements in the end-plate of the channel are also shown. This plate T,
Figure 69, is made adjustable by means of the adjusting screw c³, Figure 64, which
is supported in the divided collar f. By the revolution of this screw the end-
plate T of the carrier-channels can be adjusted. When adjusted, it is set by means
of the screw which passes through a slot in T, and screws into the bed-plate of
the machine.
The end plate T is provided with the elastic packing intervening between it
and the metallic face o, which comes in contact with the carriers. This clastic
spring serves to reduce the violent blow due to the impact of the carriers
against the end plate. Similar end plates are of course used at both ends of the
channels, and they are provided with adjustable caps c, shown in Figures 64, 66,
67, and 69, beneath which the carriers pass in their travel from the front to the
back row.
This cap e, Figure 64, is provided with the channel of cut in its under
face for the reception of the ejector-block attached to the carriers. There are also
spring bolts n, Figure 68, attached to the caps e and covered by plates 2. Tho
purpose of these bolts is to support the end carrier in the carrier-channel after it
has been forced forward by the carrier-pusher and said pusher has retired. These
spring-bolts are pressed down against the top of the carrier by springs y, so that
after the carrier has been forced under them by the action of the pusher it is not
liable to fall back on the withdrawal of the pusher, which it otherwise might do,
and thereby interfere with the passage of the next carrier from the opposito
channel into the space between it and the end-plate of the carrier-channel.
Improvements in the mechanism for moving the carriers from one channel to the
other are also shown in Figures 64, 71, 76, 77, and 78. It is important that this
movement be positive, so that no time be lost in the rapid action of the machine
by the compression of a spring and its subsequent expansion and catching up with
the movement of the apparatus. But at the same time it is necessary that the
action be a yielding one, so that if any thing should obstruct the passage of the
carriers in the channels the moving apparatus may be detached from the driving
power of the machine. An apparatus for accomplishing these results consists of a
slide X, Figures 71, 72, and 73, sliding in a channel in the bed-plate of the
machine, and provided with the spring pawl w, which engages with the carrier in
the front row. As the slide X moves back in the action of the machine this pawl

page_text: acts against the front edge of the carrier and forces it back into the rear channel,
but on the return movement slides boneath the carrier which has replaced the one
which was just moved to the back row and springs up behind it. Motion is
imparted to the slide X by a cam wheel M attached to the driving-shaft E. This
cam-wheel has a cam slot or channel v¹ cut in its face, within which the roller pl
travels. The roller 2 is attached to the lever b' pivotted at o' and attached to the
slide X by mechanisin to be described. As the shaft E revolves it is evident that
a reciprocating movement will be given to the lever band that said reciprocating
movement will be transmitted to the carriers by the slide X. Attached to the
upper end of the lever b' is a hook g'. Pivotted by an eccentric n¹ in the hanger ³
attached to the slide X is the block , with which the hook gl engages, as is shown
in Figure 72. The lower surface of this block l' is curved, and against it the stout
flat spring & bears, which spring clamps the block and the arm b' together, and
also serves to prevent the revolution of the block on its axis during the ordinary
operation of the machine. The hook g' is constantly engaged with the block,
but should any obstruction occur to the movement of the slide X and the block /
then the lateral movement of the lever b¹ would cause the hook g¹ to revolve the
block on its pivot n', whereby it would become disengaged therefrom. This
nction is shown in Figure 73. After it has been so disengaged from the block the
lever b¹ continues its backward movement, as shown in Figure 71. It is evident
that the spring 8' exerting a constantly increasing pressure upon the slide, may be
sufficiently powerful to cause it to break away from any trifling obstruction caused
by dirt and to catch up again with the lever b¹.
This trip action may also be arranged to stop the machine, as will presently be
described. The eccentric c' is used to adjust the position of the block in the
hanger, so as to determine the limit of its backward throw. A similar slide is
also used at the other end of the machine. Attached also to the slide X is a
lug which is used in operating the hook-elevating plate n², Figures 64
and 71.
This hook-clevating plate n², which is pivotted beneath the hooks, is held in its
horizontal position by means of a coiled spring 3, Figure 72, and is fast at one end
to a casing y', which contains it, and at the other to a stop or
pin a³, which is
attached to the frame of the machine and passes through a slot in the casing y
so that as n is elevated it compresses the coiled spring in the casing y',
which spring tends to throw back the hook-clevating plate to its horizontal
position.
Attached to the casing y¹ is the spring-pawl c', which brings up against the
stop in one direction, thereby limiting the downward movement of the hook
elevating plate n² due to the action of the spring.
A lug attached to the slide ✗ engages with this pawl x¹, and passes freely
beneath it in one direction, as shown in Figure 72, but engages with it in the
other, as shown in Figure 71, whereby the movement of the slide X which moves
the carriers across from one channel to the other also serves to rotate the hook-
elevating plate n² upon its axis, thus elevating any of the hooks which may have
been dropped during the previous beat of the machine.
In this apparatus, Figure 71, the channels for passing the type from the carrier
to the case below are made movable. These channels are cut in bars B², which are
provided with grooves corresponding to tongues 13 attached to the frame of the
machine, whereby these bars can be slid on to the tongues and removed at pleasure.
Apparatus is also shown in Figures 64, 65, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, and 78 à
for immediately arresting the movement of the entire apparatus in case of any
obstruction preventing the proper operation of any important parts of the
mechanism. Motion is imparted to the driving-shaft E from another driving-
wheel not shown, which wheel communicates its movement to the shaft E through
a friction-clutch R controlled by the handle H, Figure 71. This handle is drawn
in one direction by a stout spring F, shown in Figure 73, and is held in its vertical
position by means of a lug x attached to a lever e, which lug comes in contact

page_text: with the stud or pin attached to the handle H, but may be released from it during
the movements of the machine. The friction-clutch is only thrown in operation
when the handle H is vertical, Figure 71, but is released whenever the handle is
released from the lug x, and drawn by the spring F into the position shown in
Figure 73.
Pivoted to the frame of the machine is a brake L, which is also put in operation
by the handle H. Whenever said handle is released, its foot acts against the
brake L, and causes it to bear against the circumference of the wheel W, Figure 73,
so that the releasing of the handle H accomplishes the two results of disconnecting
the motive-power from the apparatus and also of applying a brake for the stopping
of its momentum,
The handle His tripped whenever the lever e is vibrated around its pivot i, so
as to elevate the detent and raise it free of the pin z attached to the handlo h.
This vibration of the lever e may be occasioned in various ways. In case any
obstruction occurs to the movement of the carriers C¹ in the back carrier-channel,
then the pusher-plate P' is forced back in the sliding-frame K', and causes the
nuts to act against the handle q¹, thereby depressing its lower arm m, which
lower arm m acts against the arm of the lever e, as is shown in Figure 73, and
revolves the lever e on its pivot i, and releases the handle. Bearing against the
arm of the lever e which carries the detent is a lever a¹ pivoted on the shaft c¹³,
which extends the entire length of the machine, as is shown in Figure 64. It is
evident that the vibration of the shaft c¹ in the direction of the hands of a watch,
Figure 71, would cause the arm or lever a¹ to bear against the upper arm of the
lever e, and to thereby raise the detent x free of the pin z.
The vibration of this shaft c¹ can be occasioned in various ways. In case the
pusher P, Figure 64, corresponding to the pusher P' just described, is forced back
in the frame K, the set nuts, Figure 64, act against a corresponding handle q,
and depress the end of a bent pivoted lever a², the other end of which acts against
an arm o pivoted to the shaft c¹, which vibrates said shaft, releasing the handle H
as previously described.
Attached also to the shaft c' is an arm j, Figures 70, 77, and 78, which rest
against the upper surface of the hook g attached to the arin b¹. In case this hook
is tripped, its upper surface coming in contact with the arm j vibrates said arm,
and vibrates the shaft c', as shown clearly in Figures 77 and 78, whereby the
handle is tripped, as previously described.
In Figure 75 is shown an apparatus for tripping the machine in case the nick-
pins of the feeler-slides are not withdrawn from the carriers. These feeler-slides
are operated by a reciprocating bar B', which is actuated by the arm D¹ attached
to the reciprocating rod G, which reciprocating-rod is operated in one direction by
springs V and V, which are compressed between it and the frame of the machine
at N¹, and in the other by means of an arm R¹ carrying a roller S', which is
operated by means of a cam slot M' cut in the wheel W previously described. Tho
revolution of the wheel W gives to the rod G a reciprocating motion by compressing
the springs V and V¹.
Upon the circumference of the wheel W is a lug m¹; pivotted to the frame of the
machine at is a lever h¹ carrying a roller-pin 2', with which the lug m' engages.
The upper surface of the lever h' engages with an arm e' attached to the shaft c'.
The apparatus is so contrived that in case the bar B¹ is forced back to its full
throw by the springs V, VI, the cam m' passes freely beneath the pin ¹; but in
case from any cause the springs V, VI, do not force back the rod G, and the said
rod is held forward so that the roller S' leaves the cam surface M', as is shown in
Figure 74, then the lug m' comes in contact with the pin s¹, vibrates the lever h¹
on its pivot f, which causes it to act against the arm el, vibrate the shaft c',
disengage the handle H, and stop the machine, as previously described.
The machine can also be stopped at the will of the operator, by pressing upon
the handles q and q at either end of the machine.

page_text: What I claim in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,-
First. In a type-distributing machine a cut-off mechanism, which is provided
with a corner past which the type are cut off, and a type-driver, the surface or
corner of which moves in a plane in advance of the cut-off corner, substantially as
described.
Second. In a type-distributing machine, which is provided with a series of
type carriers and an apparatus for cutting off individual type and placing them in
the carriers, a pusher connected with the cut-off mechanism, whereby the type after
it is delivered to the carrier is forced back into its position in said carrier,
substantially as described.
Third. In a type-distributing machine, in which a series of type-carriers pass
along a channel, one or more rollers adapted to act against the face of the type,
whereby said type are forced down to their position in the carriers, substantially
as described.
Fourth. In a type-distributing machine a carrier-pusher, in which the pushing
surface is supported on a spring, which is resisting enough to move the carriers
along the channel during the ordinary operation of the machine, but yields to any
resisting obstruction, substantially as described.
Fifth. In a type-distributing machine, in which a series of carriers are moved
along a channel by a reciprocating pusher, a spring bufler attached to said pusher,
by means of which the slack between the carriers is taken up before the impact
of the pusher against them, substantially as described.
Sixth. In a type-distributing machine, in which type-carriers are moved in a
channel, and are stopped at the end of said channel; a spring end-plate, which
consists of an elastic backing having a metallic facing, against which the movement
of the carriers is arrested, substantially as described.
Seventh. In a type-distributing machine, in which type-carriers are fed along a
channel by means of a reciprocating pusher, an apparatus for holding the carrier in
position after it is left by the retiring pusher, substantially as described.
Eighth. In combination with a type-distributing machine, an adjustable carrier-
channel end-plate, substantially as described.
Ninth. In a type-distributing machine, in which an alternate reciprocating
motion is imparted to the carriers, two reciprocating frames sustaining carrier-
pushers, which are connected together by two racks and an intervening pinion,
whereby any movement occasioned in one produces a corresponding movement in
the reverse direction in the other, substantially as described.
Tenth. In a type-distributing machine, an apparatus for moving a carrier from
one channel to the next, which is constructed to act upon the carrier with a
positive motion, but yields when any resistance is offered to the movement of the
carrier, substantially as described.
Eleventh. An apparatus for connecting two slides, or a bar and a slide, which
consists of a hook attached to one slide, and a block attached to the other slide,
which block is acted upon by a spring whereby a positive connection is made
between the power and the slide to be moved by it; but the power is allowed to
break loose from the slide in case resistance is offered to the movement of said
slide, substantially as described.
Twelfth. In a type-distributing machine, a sliding apparatus for transferring a
carrier from one position to the other, which slide is provided with apparatus
whereby the length of its movement can be adjusted, substantially as described.
Thirteenth. In a type-distributing machine, an apparatus for moving the type-
carriers from one position to another, which consists of a slide operated by a
vibrating lever or equivalent mechanism when the slide is provided with a
locking-block, and a lever with a hook engaging with said block, and a spring
bearing against said block to prevent its revolution, whereby a positive connection 5
is made between the power and the moving slide, while the power is arranged to

page_text: break away from the slide and to act upon it with a continually increasing force,
substantially as described.
Fourteenth. In a type-distributing machine, in which a series of ejector hooks
are elevated during each beat of the machine a vibrating hook-elevator which is
brought back to its depressed condition by means of a spring coiled about the
centre of vibration of the plate, and acting against a vibrating arm attached to said
plate, substantially as described.
Fifteenth. In a type-distributing machine, a series of type conductor-bars which
are mounted upon a stationary tongue by means of corresponding grooves cut in
them, substantially as described.
Sixteenth. In a type-distributing machine, a brake whereby said machine may
be quickly brought to rest, substantially as described.
Seventeenth. A type distributing machine provided with a brake, which brake
is automatically set by any accident or obstruction occurring to the operating
parts of the machine, substantially as described.
Eighteenth. A type-distributing machine provided with apparatus whereby any
obstruction to the movement of the carriers in their channel releases the machine
from the driving power, substantially as described.
Nineteenth. A type distributing machine provided with apparatus, whereby any
obstruction offered to the passage of a carrier from one channel to another releases
the machine from the driving-power, substantially as described.
Twentieth. A type-distributing machine having a series of feeler nick pins con-
nected with mechanism, whereby any obstruction to the reciprocation of the feeler-
slides stops the machine, substantially as described.
Twenty-first. In a type distributing machine, a friction clutch controlled by a
lever, which lever is set by means of a detent which may be tripped by the
operator, substantially as described.
Twenty-second. In a type-distributing machine, a shaft, the vibration of which
disconnects the machine from the motive power, and which is vibrated by a series
of arms placed at different points along the machine, which arms aro vibrated in
case any obstruction occurs to the operation of the machine, substantially as
described.
Twenty third. A type distributing machine provided with an automatic power-
releasing mechanism which is put in operation by the apparatus moving the
carriers along a channel, or by the apparatus moving the carriers from one channel
to the next, or by the feeler-slide mechanism in case any obstruction occurs to the
operation of either of them, substantially as described.
Twenty fourth. In a type-distributing machine in which a series of carriers
provided with type-holding fingers are moved along a carrier channel, a carrier-
pusher provided with a stud or projection for the purpose of opening the type-
clutch of the carrier, substantially as described.
Twenty fifth. In a type distributing machine in which a series of ejector-hooks
are reciprocated, and are connected with the motive power by means of springs, a
block or obstruction which is adapted to act against an ejector-hook and prevent
its forward movement, substantially as described.
Twenty sixth. In a type-distributing machine a carrier-pusher, in which the
pushing surface is supported on a spring, which is resisting enough to move the
carriers along the channel during the ordinary operation of the machine, but
yields to any resisting obstruction, and in yielding acts upon a mechanism which
disconnects the motive power from the machine, substantially as described.
Twenty seventh. In a type-distributing machine an apparatus for disconnecting
the driving power from the machine, which apparatus acts upon a brake whereby
the power is disconnected from the machine, and a brake is simultaneously set to
stop its momentum, substantially as described.
Twenty eighth. In a type-distributing machino a vibrating bar, which is actuated
by means of a roller rolling against a cam surface, and which carries a trip
mechanism, by means of which the movement of the machine can be arrested,
C

page_text: when the wheel provided with the cam surface is also provided with a lug adapted
to act against the trip mechanism in case the roller leaves the cam surface,
substantially as described.
The cleventh improvement relates to the type-carriers which hold and convey
the type until removed from them by some type-selecting mechanism.
In the practical operation of type-distributing machines employing the carriers
previously described it has proved extremely difficult to prevent the type from
rising in the carriers. This rising is due to the jar of the machine.
The type
being held in the carriers by means of a spring, and having no contrivance to hold
them positively down, are very apt to rise in such carrier during the successive
impulses of the machine.
Attempts have before now been made to prevent such rising of the type by
means of apparatus bearing against their faces, such as rollers or caps, but theso
have not operated successfully. They were liable to batter and injure the faces of
the type. And as type are not of the same length, and it is necessary that all
should rest with their feet upon the carrier in order to be properly selected by
the selecting mechanism, it has resulted that short type and spaces would rise in
the carrier, and would not be selected by their proper selecting mechanism.
The improvement has in view the holding down of the type in the carriers by
means of mechanism attached to the carrier itself, whereby the type are prevented
from rising, and are held firmly in the carriers with their feet resting against the
frame of the carrier. This is accomplished by cutting in that edge of the type
which rests against the carrier a nick, each type or space being provided with a
nick cut at the same distance from the foot of the type, and attached to the carrier,
a point entering such nick in the type.
In the operation of the distributer herein before described type are delivered into
a recess in the carrier, and dropped by gravity until their feet rest against the
carrier before they are seized by the carrier; and it is obvious that the projecting
point referred to would prevent such type from dropping freely. Such point has
therefore been made movable, and it is withdrawn before the type is placed in the
carrier; but it is subsequently forced forward after the type is dropped, and it is
caused to enter the nick in the edge of the type.
By making this point movable another difficulty is also avoided, namely, in
case the type should be improperly delivered to the carrier or should be reversed
it is evident that being forced in by cut-off or delivery mechanism of some sort,
and coming in contact with the stationary point, which would not under those
circumstances enter the nick in the type, there would be danger of injury to the
point or to the type. The point, which is formed on the end of a pin, that in case
the type is delivered to the carrier in such a position that the nick does not
correspond to the point, or a type is delivered not having this nick, then the point
can yield and retire into the carrier. In the present construction of the apparatus
however the point is automatically forced back before the delivery of the type to
the carrier, so that the recess may be free for the dropping of the type by
gravity, while the point is subsequently forced forward during the action of tho
machine.
The Invention will be readily understood from the accompanying Drawings, in
which Figure 70 represents a section through the carrier showing the type in
position; Figure 80, a top view of the locking pin; Figure 81, a sectional view of
the locking pin held in its forward position by means of another spring-pin;
and Figure 82, the locking-pin held in its back position by means of the same
spring-pin.
a represents generally the carrier, which is one adapted to the Dickinson and
Lorenz distributer. In the cored-out portion of the carrier a slides the ejector c,
which has several ejecting arms. Between the two upper ejecting arms is the
block d, forming part of the carrier a, and furnishing the abutment for the spring y,
which throws back the ejector c. Pivoted in the carrier by means of the pin g is

page_text: the clutch f, acted on by the spring 8. This clutch holds the type v firmly in the
recess in the end of the carrier, as is clearly shown.
The type v shown is provided with a nick t on its back edge or edge opposite
that on which the selecting nicks are cut. This nick is made in the back of all
types and characters at the same distance from the foot of the type. Forming
part of the frame a is the block e having a cylindrical passage through it.
Supported in this cylindrical hole, bored through the carrier horizontally and
through the block e as shown, is the type locking-pin b. This pin may be either
round or square, and the hole should be cut correspondingly. It is here shown
cylindrical in shape and in detail in Figure 80. Its front end is cut to a horizontal
edge by bevels on the top and bottom, as shown at p. Then another bevel q is cut
on the side of the end of the pin. This bevel, when in position in the carrier,
faces the advancing side of said carrier. Two corresponding bevels r and r¹ are
cut at the back end of said pin. In the top of the pin are cut two horizontal
notches m and n, and the top of the pin is additionally cut away somewhat to
allow of the action of a spring locking-pin hereafter to be described. In the side
of the pin b is cut the flat surface w which bears against the ejector c, which
ejector has a slot cut through its side to allow the passage of the pin when the.
parts of the carrier are put together.
The flat surface w sliding against the flat surface of the channel in the ejector
prevents the revolution of the pin b. In a socket in the back of the carrier a is
set the spring-pin / acted on by the coiled spring x and provided with the point k
which is adapted to enter the grooves or notches m, n, in the top of the pin b. By
means of the pin h the pin b is locked in its advanced or retired position by means
of the tension of the spring x, so that if it be thrown forward by any mechanism
the point & entering the back notch n will hold it forward, as shown in Figure 81,.
while if it be pressed back the point entering the front notch m will hold it in
its retired position, as in Figure 82, but it will yield to pressure in either direction
if said pressure be great enough to compress the spring by means of the inclined
planes formed by the sides of the point k.
k
The clutch being
The operation of the machine can now be understood.
rnised from the carrier by the mechanism of the distributer, a type is delivered
into the recess in the end of the carrier. The pin being in its retired position
gravity then causes the type to drop and rests with its foot upon the carrier at j.
This type could not drop freely into its position were it not that the pin b is out
of the way. After the carrier has begun to move the back bevel r of the pin bis
brought in contact with a surface or point, by means of which the pin b is forced
forward so that its front edge p enters the nick in the type. After the carrier
has passed the surface or point just referred to in its travel down the carrier
channel it is plain, in case the pin b is back in the carrier it cannot be forced back
past such point or surface if such point or surface present a flat unbevelled
surface to the back end of the pin b opposite the bevei 7, so that if during the
operation of the machine it should become necessary to force the carriers back past
this surface or point, unless some means of avoiding the difficulty were provided,
the back end of the pin b opposite the bevel r would come in contact with such
surface, lock the carriers in their chanuels, and prevent their backward movement.
The bevel is therefore provided on the opposite side of the pin b corresponding
to the bevel r. This bevel coming in contact with the pin b forces such pin forward
and allows the carriers to be slid back by hand in their channel past the surface or
point referred to.
The general construction of the machine prevents the type from falling forward
out of the carrier. It will therefore be readily seen that this type cannot rise in
the carrier without forcing back the point p, and the machine is so constructed
that no tendency of the type v to rise is sufficient to force back this point.
The pin bis kept in its advanced position until the carrier has completed its
circuit and has returned to the type-delivering mechanism. Before it reaches the
point where the type is to be delivered to it, the carrier in its advancing movement

page_text: passes by a surface or point which acts on the front side bevel g of the pin b, and
forces this pin back, so that the spring locking pin is in the position shown in
Figure 82, in which it enters the notch n of the pin b. By this means the recess in
the carrier is free of the pin b at the moment the type is delivered to it.
It is obvious that the pin b might be thrown forward directly by a spring, or
that it might be arranged to bear against the carrier with sufficient friction to
prevent its accidental movement. The disadvantage of throwing it forward with
a spring would be that the recess in the carrier would not be clear for the reception
of the type v, and the foot of any type not provided with the special nick delivered
against this spring-point would travel out and in with each beat of the machine,
the advancing feelers driving it into the carrier, and the spring-point on the with-
drawal of the feelers again pushing it forward. If simple friction were used to
retain it in place, it is probable that such friction would become uncertain in its
action after the machine had been in operation for some time.
What I claim in this part of the Invention and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
One. The combination of a type having a nick and a point attached to a carrior
and adapted to enter said nick or recess for the purpose of preventing the rising of
the type, substantially as described.
Two. A type-carrier provided with mechanism for preventing the rising of the
type, substantially as described.
Three. A type-carrier provided with a locking point entering a recess in the
type for the purpose of preventing the rising of the type, substantially as
described.
Four. A type-carrier provided with a yielding point adapted to enter a nick in
the type for the purpose of preventing the rising of the type, substantially as
described.
Five. A type-carrier provided with a point adapted to enter a nick in the type
for the purpose of preventing the rising of the type when said point is controlled
by mechanism, whereby it is held either in its advanced or its retired position, but
yields to pressure in either direction, substantially as described.
Six. A type-carrier provided with a type locking-pin, which pin has a mechanism
for the purpose of preventing its revolution, substantially as described.
Seven. A type-carrier having a type locking-pin provided with two bevelled
ends by means of which its position in the carrier is altered, substantially as
described.
Eight. A type-carrier having an advancing and retiring type locking-pin when
combined with mechanism, whereby the said pin can be automatically advanced or
retired, substantially as described.
Nine. A type-carrier a provided with the locking-pin b, which pin has two
notches m and n, and the locking-pin actuated by a spring x, substantially as
described.
The twelfth part of the Invention relates to an improvement in apparatus for
withdrawing the type from the carriers of the same. The object of the Invention
is to reduce the depth of the nicks of the type, whereby they are automatically
selected, and thereby leave them stronger, and also to increase the bearing surface
which supports the drop-hook, which withdraws the type from the carriers.
The Invention can be clearly understood from the accompanying Drawings, in
which similar letters refer to similar parts.
Figure 83 represents the perspective elevation of the improvement showing the
hook elevated and resting upon its rest-lever U.
Figure 84 represents a side elevation of the same, showing the rest lever thrown
back and the hook dropped.
The type T are presented by carriers A moving in the channel B to tho action of
the feelers M, M, which are part of the reciprocating slido G known as a fceler
slide. Motion is imparted to this slide by means of a vibrating cross-bar H. The
slide G is supported and operated on the bed E. Whenever the corresponding

page_text: type rests in the carrier in front of the feelers M, M, they will enter the nicks O, O,
in said type, thereby allowing the hook G to drop, which engages with the
ejector D and removes the type from within the clutch C. The hook T is released
by means of the pin R, which pin has attached to it the block S. The rest-
lever U is pressed forward against the block S by means of a spring ✗, one end
of which is let into U and the other rests upon the slide G. This rest-lever U is
pivotted at W. Whenever the cross-bar H is thrown forward, thereby-moving the
slide G by the intervention of the spring K, the nick-pins M are brought in.contact
with a type T, and if they enter the nicks in said type, the pin R is forced back
by coming in contact with the type, whereby the rest-lever U is thrown back and
its bearing-surface removed from beneath the hook T, and the hook is allowed to
drop. Then the return movement of the bar H withdraws the type by means of
the hook T and ejector D.
The relation between the block S and the rest-lever U is a peculiar one, since
the rest lever U is so connected with the pin R by means of the block S, that the
initial pressure of R against the type only alters the position of U slightly, but
subsequently U is thrown back with a greater velocity than the movement of 8.
This is due to the fact that when the rest lever U is thrown forward by means of
the spring X, it comes in contact only with the upper surface or corner of the
block S, while as R is gradually forced back by the advance of G, the point of
contact between the rest-lever U and the block S is changed from the upper to the
lower corner of the block S, thereby increasing the relative movement of the rest-
lever U, for the reason that the nearer the power is to the fulcrum of a third
order lever, the further will its free extremity move for a given movement of the
power, therefore the latter portion of the movement of U will be more rapid than
the beginning of its movement, supposing the slide H to move toward the block S
with the same velocity throughout its travel.
In the apparatus previously in use a very slight dislocation of the surface of
the type against which the pin R comes in contact would cause the rest-block
upon which the hook-lever rests to stop as the slide H was advancing earlier than
it ought to, and as a consequence, the nicks in the type were required to be made
comparatively deep, so as to permit the advance motion of the slide H without
necessarily throwing the hook T off the rest-block. This difficulty resulted from
the fact that the rest-block stood still so soon as the pin came in contact with the
type, and the extent of contact between the underside of the hook and the top of
the rest block was limited by the depth of the nicks.
The object of this improvement is to cause the rest-block to move backward,
when the pin coming in contact with the typo is at rest, thereby permitting a
large surface of contact between the under side of the hook and the top of the
rest-block, so that a less amount of motion of the slide H, and consequently a less
depth of nicks in the type, will be necessary.
In the accompanying Drawing, if the pin R came in contact with the rest-lever U
by means of a narrow horizontal edge formed on the edge of the pin R, the relative
backward movement of the top of the rest-lover as compared with the forward
movement of its centre W would be determined by the position at which that thin
edge made contact with the advancing face of the rest-lever. If however the
pin R is provided with the block S reaching over a considerable vertical distance
of the rest-lever U, then the top of that lever will recede in respect relatively to
the advance of its bottom in a variable ratio, beginning slowly, and increasing to a
more rapid movement. As arranged, the first part of the retrograde motion is
slow, and this is done for the purpose, among other things of reducing the effect
of the blow of the pin R upon the type. When the feelers M, M, enter the nicks
O, O, the bottom of the block S will be in contact with the rest-lever near its
pivot, and then the forward movement of the slide H will impart to the top of the
rest-lever its maximum retrograde movement, and a very shallow nick will be
sufficient to make certain the action of the hook T, while the arrangement secures
a large supporting and wearing surface between the top of the rest-lover U and

page_text: the bottom of the hook T, which it supports. The blow of the pins R against tho
type at the instant of impact is reduced to a minimum, because the leverage is
then the greatest over the resistance of the spring, and a maximum pressure of the
spring only occurs after contact has been made, and it is in consequence not as
liable to injury.
What I claim in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,―
First. In combination with a type-withdrawing mechanism, substantially as
described, the stationary nick-pins M and movable pin R, and movable rest-lover U,
whereby the rest-lever U is moved on the entrance of the nick-pins into the nicks
of the type by means of a movable pin R, substantially as described.
Second. The rest-lever U, which serves to support an ejector-hook Y, which
rest-lever is actuated by means of a movable pin R, and is constructed substantially
as described, whereby a greater bearing surface is obtained between the top of the
rest-lever and the ejector-book than would be the case if the pin R and rest-block
were one piece.
Third. The combination of the rest-lever U, ejector-hook Y, and movable pin R,
whereby the top of the rest-lever has a greater motion imparted to it than the
nick-pins have in entering the nicks of the type.
Fourth. The combination of the fixed nick-pins M, movable pin R, block S, rest-
lever U, and ejector-hook Y, combined and connected substantially as described,
whereby the entrance of the nick-pins into the nicks of the type gives to the rest-
lever U at first a slow movement, which movement is increased by the further
entrance of the nick-pins into the nicks in the type, whereby a large bearing
surface between the rest-lever U and the hook Y is obtained, and the hook is
prevented from falling by accidental variation of the surface of the type.
Fifth. The combination of the movable-pin R, block S, rest-lever U, with its
backing-spring S and ejector-hook Y, substantially as described.
Sixth. In a type-withdrawing mechanism the combination of the ejector-hook Y,
rest-lever U, movable-pin R, block S, and fixed nick-pins M constructed and
combined substantially as described, whereby the impact between the pin R and
the type is reduced to its minimum, and the force necessary to operate the rest-
lever U is applied gradually on the advance of the nick-pins into the type, not
suddenly at the first movement of impact between the movable pin R and the
type.
Seventh. In combination with a type-withdrawing mechanism an ejector hook
supported upon a movable lover having an upper bearing surface, and combined
and connected with apparatus substantially as described, whereby a slight variation
of the surface of the type, owing to accidental foreign substances, will not drop
the hook, while a further advance of the nick-pins M into the type will cause
the ejector-hook to drop, thereby withdrawing the type, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sydney Pitt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.