IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Toope, of Ben Jonson Road, Stepney in the
County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS
FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Toope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1883.
CHARLES TOOPE of Ben Jonson Road, Stepney, in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION
OF HEAT."
My Invention relates to a novel application and combination of materials for the
manufacture of nonconducting coverings to be applied to steam and other pipes,
steam boilers, and other surfaces for preventing the radiation or the transmission
of heat therefrom or thereto, and it consists in the employment of certain loose
fibrous materials in such a way as to form a more efficient and convenient
nonconducting medium than it has been possible to produce hitherto. The
conduction of heat depends upon the nature of the medium through which it may
bo transmitted from molecule to molecule, and the rate of transmission depends in
great measure upon the amount of contact between the molecules. The com-
bustibility of the medium is also of the greatest importance as affecting the
durability of the covering.
A loose medium affording very numerous and minute interstices for air and
combining with these qualities absolute indestructibility by carbonization, is
therefore the best adapted for the purposes of this Invention, and such a material
is found in silicate cotton and other fibrous non-combustible material.
In carrying out my Invention I combine in alternate layers sheet asbestos and
silicate cotton or fibrous asbestos, the former serving to protect and hold together
the intermediate material which is of a loose fibrous character having little or no
cohesion.
In making a covering for steam or other pipes I coil upon a mandrel sheet
asbestos to form a complete inner tubular lining and cement the edge or
longitudinal joint thereof with silicate of soda or other suitable material unaffected

page_text: by the heat to which it will be exposed, and I then apply upon and coil up
together with the sheet asbestos a loosely felted web of silicate cotton or fibrous
asbestos or equivalent material which thus forms alternate layers with the sheet
asbestos. When the desired thickness is obtained the sheet asbestos is alone
continued to be wrapped one or more times round the roll so as to form an
external tubular envelope therefor, its longitudinal edge or joint being cemented
down by silicate of soda as before. The roll now obtained consists of an interior
and an exterior tubular sheath of sheet asbestos and of intermediate spiral
convolutions of sheet asbestos alternated with fibrous asbestos or silicate cotton.
The tubular roll may further be covered externally with paper, canvas, or other
material ordinarily used for such purpose, and the roll may be cut or severed
longitudinally to facilitate its application to pipes, and this longitudinal joint and
the joints at the ends of the several lengths of the covering may be united after
application to the pipe or other object by silicate of soda and also by wire staples
or other mechanical means.
In making a covering for other than cylindrical surfaces, I take a piece of
asbestos sheeting of suitable dimensions and turn up the edges thereof to form a
sort of tray in which I superpose alternate layers of sheet asbestos and silicate
cotton or other fibrous non-combustible material and finally turn down the
upraised edges of the tray like sheet of asbestos upon the top layer of sheet
asbestos and cement them thereto with silicate of soda.
.In the case of surfaces of irregular form the covering may be similarly built up
thereupon in layers

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Toope in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th July
1883.
CHARLES TOOPE of Ben Jonson Road, Stepney in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION
OF HEAT"
My Invention relates to a novel application and combination of materials for the
manufacture of nonconducting coverings to be applied to steam and other pipes,
steam boilers and other surfaces for preventing the radiation or the transmission
of heat therefrom or thereto, and it consists in the employment of certain loose
fibrous materials in such a way as to form a more efficient and convenient
nonconducting medium than it has been possible to produce hitherto.
The conduction of heat depends upon the nature of the medium through which
it may be transmitted from molecule to molecule, and the rate of transmission
depends in great measure upon the amount of contact between the molecules. The
combustibility of the medium is also of the greatest importance as affecting the
durability of the covering. A loose medium affording very numerous and minute
interstices for air, and combining with these qualities absolute indestructibility by
carbonisation, is therefore the best adapted for the purposes of this Invention,
and such a material is found in silicate cotton and other fibrous incombustible
material.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to pipe coverings, I combine in alternate
layers sheet asbestos and silicate cotton or fibrous asbestos, the former serving to
protect and hold together the intermediate material which is of a loose fibrous
character having little or no cohesion.
In the accompanying drawing Figure 1 represents a cross section of a pipe
covering made according to my Invention. In making such a pipe covering, I coil
one or more times upon a mandrel (not shown) sheet asbestos a to form a complete
inner tubular lining and cement the edge or longitudinal joint thereof with silicate
of soda or other suitable material unaffected by the heat to which it will be
exposed, and I then apply upon and coil up together with the sheet asbestos a a
loosely felted web of silicate cotton or fibrous asbestos b which thus forms alternate
coils or layers with the coils or layers of the sheet asbestos. When the desired
thickness is obtained the sheet asbestos is alone continued to be wrapped one or
more times round the roll so as to form an external envelope or sheathing therefor,
its longitudinal edge or joint being cemented down by silicate of soda as before.
The tubular roll or covering may further be covered externally with paper, canvas,
or other material ordinarily used for such purpose, and the covering may be cut or
severed longitudinally to facilitate its application to pipes, and this longitudinal
joint and the joints at the ends of the several lengths of the covering may be
united after application to the pipe or other object by silicate of soda and also by
wire staples c or other mechanical means.
Figure 2 illustrates the mode of making a covering for other than cylindrical
surfaces. I take a piece of asbestos sheeting a of suitable dimensions and turn
up the sides and ends thereof to form a sort of tray or box which I support within
a mould frame A whilst it is being packed or filled, leaving the edges a¹ of the said
sheet projecting an inch or two above the frame A. Having fixed studs or distance
pieces b formed of sheet asbestos bent to the angle form shown by cementing to
the sheet a, I fill or pack the tray with silicate cotton c or fibrous asbestos, and

page_text: then apply a top layer of sheet asbestos d which I cement to the studs or distance
pieces b and upon which I turn down and cement the upraised edges a' of the
sheet a.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing the
same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is.
1st The manufacture of nonconducting coverings for pipes composed of silicate
cotton or fibrous asbestos and sheet asbestos coiled up together so as to form
alternate layers with internal and external layors of sheet asbestos, substantially
as described.
2nd The manufacture of nonconducting coverings in the form of sheets or slabs
composed of silicate cotton or fibrous asbestos between layers of sheet asbestos,
substantially in the manner described.
In Witness whereof I the said Charles Toope have hereunto set my hand and
seal this tenth day of July, A.D. 1883.