IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES TO RUN ON THE ROAD, AND IN AXLES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Pickin, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OR MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES TO RUN ON
THE ROAD, AND IN AXLES FOR THE SAME.”
"
Sealed the 2nd April 1875, and dated the 19th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Pickin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1874.
I, ROBERT PICKIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER
VEHICLES TO RUN ON THE ROAD, AND IN AXLES FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has first for its object improvements in the con-
struction of wheels for carriages and other vehicles composed of iron or
steel in such manner as to facilitate the manufacture and reduce the

page_text: cost thereof, such wheels being light in comparison with their strength.
For this purpose in carrying out this part of my improvements I make
the nave or hub of a wheel of metal, cast, malleable, or wrought iron,
with recesses therein for receiving the ends of the spokes, such recesses
being slightly conical or wider on one side and end than the other in
order to secure the ends of the spokes firmly therein. The ends of the
spokes may be dropped either sideways or endways into the recesses in
the metal nave, but it is most advantageous to combine the spokes first
with a metal felloe or rim in one piece and then to press their inner ends
into the recesses in the nave sideways, a metal washer being placed over
the central portion of the nave so as to cover and enclose the ends of the
spokes, the washer being secured by a screw, collar, or cap upon the central
part of the nave. The axle box and nave are formed in one, with collet
caps and nuts applied thereto in the usual manner. When the ends of
the spokes are introduced endways into recesses or sockets in the metal
nave the felloe is formed in sections, and the washer on the side may be
dispensed with. The tyre, made of steel in the form of a ring, is shrunk
over the felloe or rim of the wheel, a rib being formed in the inner
circumference of the tyre so as to enter a groove formed around the outer
circumference of the felloe or rim of the wheel so as to bind the rim and
spokes firmly to the nave.
The spokes may be tubular, the ends being shaped to fit the recessos
in the nave, and having a plug let or shrunk into the outer end to fit
into holes formed in the felloe or rim.
I will now describe the second part of my improvements which relates
to the construction of the axles of carriages or vehicles for running upon
common roads. For this purpose I construct the axle or arm so as to
bear from end to end of the passage in the nave except where the
chamber for containing oil or lubricating material is formed. A longi-
tudinal groove is formed on the top outer circumference of the axle with
a double branch near the collar to conduct the oil to the back part of
the arm or box.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Pickin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
PICKIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Pickin, Her special
license that I, tho said Robert Pickin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Pickin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER
VEHILCES TO RUN on The Road, anD IN AXLES FOR THE SAME," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Pickin, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Pickin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has first for its object improvements in the con-
in
struction of wheels for carriages and other vehicles composed of iron or
steel in such manner as to facilitate the manufacture and reduce the
cost thereof, such wheels being light in comparison with their strength.
And in order that my improvements may be clearly understood and
readily carried into practice I will proceed to describe the Drawings

page_text: hereunto annexed, which Drawings show several views of wheels and
axles arranged and constructed in accordance with my improvements.
.
For this purpose in carrying out the first part of my improvements I
make the nave or lub a of a wheel of metal, cast, malleable, or wrought
iron, with recesses a¹ therein for receiving the ends of the spokes b, such
recesses a¹ being slightly conical or wider on one side and end than the
other in order to secure the ends of the spokes 6 firmly therein; the ends
of the spokes b may be dropped either sideways, as shown in Figures 1,
3, and 4, or endways, as shown at Figure 5, into the recesses a¹ in the
metal nave a, but it is most advantageous to combine the spokes 6 first
with a metal felloe or rim in one piece, and then to press their inner
ends into the recesses in the nave sideways, as shown in Figures 1, 3,
and 4, a metal washer a² being placed over the central portion of the
nave so as to cover and enclose the ends of the spokes, the washer being
secured by a screw, collar, or cap upon the central part of the nave.
The axle box and nave are formed in one, with collett caps and nuts
applied thereto in the usual manner. When the ends of the spokes are
introduced endways into recesses or sockets a¹ formed in the metal nave,
Figure 5, the felloe is formed in sections, and the washer on the side
may be dispensed with. The tyre c, Figure 6, made of steel in the form
of a ring is shrunk over the felloe or rim of the wheel, a rib c¹ being
formed in the inner circumference of the tyre c so as to enter a groove
formed around the outer circumference of the felloe or rim & of the
wheel so as to bind the rim and spokes firmly to the nave.
The spokes may be tubular, the inner ends ¹ being shaped to fit the
recesses in the nave a, and having a plug 6 let or shrunk into the outer
end to fit into holes formed in the felloe or rim d, as shewn by separate
views at Figure 7.
I will now describe the second part of these improvements which
relates to the construction and method of lubricating the axles of
carriages or vehicles for running upon common roads. For this purpose
I construct the axle or arm e so as to bear from end to end of the
passage in the nave a except where the chamber e¹ for containing oil or
lubricating material is formed; a longitudinal groove e³ is formed on
the top outer circumference of the axle e with a double branch e³ near
the collar to conduct the oil to the back part of the arm or box, as
clearly shown in Figures 2 and 8 of the Drawings.

page_text: Having thus fully described the nature of my improvements, and the
manner of performing or carrying the same into practice, what I claim
is,-
First. The improved method of constructing wheels by arranging and
combining the parts a, b, c, and d substantially in the manner herein-
before described, and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
I also claim the improved construction of wheels by forming the felloe
or rim with a groove around its circumference to receive the rib or
web d formed on the inner circumference of the tyre c, substantially
as and for the purposes herein-before described.
1
Secondly. I claim the improved method of constructing the axle e of
carriages with a groove e³, e³, for lubricating the same, substantially
in the manner herein-before described and shewn in the annexed
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Pickin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, in the year of