MENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF CARBONIZED AND CARBONIZABLE WITH OTHER MATERIALS, AND THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS INTO VARIOUS USEFUL ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: MENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF CARBONIZED AND CARBONIZABLE WITH OTHER
MATERIALS, AND THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS INTO VARIOUS USEFUL
ARTICLES."
: Sealed the 11th June 1858, and dated the 31st December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Buhring at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
December 1857.
I, CARL BUHRING, of No. 91, Pratt Street, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF CARBONIZED AND CARBONIZABLE WITH
MATERIALS, AND THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS INTO VARIOUS USEFUL
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
I take carbonized animal or vegetable materials, such as coke, charcoal,
boghead ash, peat coal, or I take wood, bone, dried blood, peat, or any such
material which by the action of heat may be carbonized.
These materials I reduce to powder, and in that state I mix any of them
or a mixture of them with a portion of pitch, asphalt, sugar, wax, or any other
bitumen, rosin. or. guin, or any mixture of those lastly-mentioned materials, also
in a powdered state. The proportion of any of those lastly-mentioned materials
which I prefer to combine.with the materials firstly above mentioned varies from

page_text: one-third to one-tenth of the weight of the materials firstly above mentioned,
according to the particular purpose to which the produce is intended to be
applied.
For fireproof and waterproof bricks and similar articles, I mix a combination
of materials such as I have above mentioned with mineral matter, such as
fireproof clay, in such proportions as may be requisite to give those articles the
desired consistence and solidity; I then heat the mixture until it reaches a
temperature of about 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
Thus heated, I put a portion of a combination of materials made in any of
the ways above mentioned into metallic moulds capable of giving the proper
forms to the articles to be manufactured. I subject a quantity of the combined
material introduced into one of these moulds to pressure in a hydraulic or
other press, applying such an amount of pressure as shall be necessary to
produce the cohesion of the mass of material in the mould, and cause the
article produced to possess the degree of density or porosity desired.
After being, pressed into form, in this manner, the several articles are placed
in an earthen, brick, or other convenient case, in which they can be subjected
to the action of heat, so as to be baked or burnt, and I pack the articles in
lime and close the case, so as to exclude the air as nearly as conveniently
may be.
The case containing the articles thus packed, may be placed within a
common pottery stove, or in a stove of any convenient description.
I heat the case and its contents slowly to a white heat, and then permit them
to cool again 'slowly.
The articles are then ready for the various applications and purposes to
which they are intended to be applied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Carl Buhring in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CARL
BUHRING, of No. 91, Pratt Street, Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her .Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: IN
the said Carl Buhring, Her special license that I, the said Carl Buhring,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other's as I, the said
Carl Buhring, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS
THE COMBINATION OF CARBONIZED AND CARBONIZABLE WITH OTHER MATERIALS,
AND THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS INTO VARIOUS USEFUL ARTICLES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Carl Buhring, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my or their
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Carl Buhring, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
I take carbonized animal or vegetable materials, such as coke, charcoal,
boghead ash, peat coal, or I take wood, bone, dried blood, peat, or any such
material which by the action of heat may be carbonized. These materials I
reduce to powder, and in that state 1 mix any of them or a mixture of them
with a portion of pitch, asphalt, sugar, wax, or any other bitumen, rosin or
gum, or any mixture of these lastly-mentioned materials, also in a powdered.
state. The proportion of any of these lastly-mentioned materials which I
prefer to combine with the materials firstly above mentioned varies from one-
third to one-tenth of the materials firstly above mentioned, according to the
particular purpose to which the intended produce is intended to be applied.
For fireproof and waterproof bricks and similar articles, I mix a combination
of materials, such as I have above mentioned, with mineral matter. such as
fireproof clay, in such proportion as may be requisite, to give those articles the
desired consistence and solidity. I then heat the mixture until it reaches a
temperature of about two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit. Thus
heated, I put a portion of a combination of materials made in any of the ways
above mentioned into metallic moulds capable of giving the proper forms to
the articles to be manufactured. 1 subject a quantity of the combined material
introduced into one of these moulds to pressure in a hydraulic or other press,

page_text: applying such an amount of pressure as shall be necessary to produce the
cohesion of the mass of material in the mould, and to cause the article pro-
duced to possess the degree of density or porosity required. After being
pressed into form in this manner, the several articles are placed in an earthen,
brick, or other convenient case, in which they can be subjected to the action
of the heat, so as to be baked or burnt; and I pack the articles in lime, and
close the case so as to exclude the air as nearly as conveniently may be. The
case containing the articles thus packed-may be placed within a common
pottery stove or in a stove of any convenient description. I heat the case
and its contents slowly to a white heat, and then permit them to cool again
slowly. The articles are then ready for the various applications and purposes
to which they are intended to be applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Buhring, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
CARL BUHRING. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-
named Carl Buhring, in the presence of
W. S. EDWARDS,
GEORGE J. GORDON,
Clerks to John Foster, Sol",
28, Queen Street, Cheapside, London.