Improvements in the Manufacture of Horse or Animal Shoes and in Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 4th May, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Horse or Animal Shoes and in
Apparatus Employed therein.
I JOSEPH HALL BOOTH of the Burlington Street Iron Works, Gorton Lane,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this Invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to the manufacture of shoes adapted for horses of
the heavier class such for example as are employed in the drawing of lurries and of
heavy vans or carts. Such shoes are made principally or almost entirely by hand.
The objects of my invention are to produce such shoes with the aid of machinery and
at the same time to improve the general quality of the shoes. The bar of iron wbich
is to form a shoe is in the first instance drawn out between dies for a part of its length
leaving the ends unchanged. The bar is then turned edge upward and subjected to
the action of dies which bend the bar to the form required for one side of the shoe.
The bar is then hammered or pressed between two dies or surfaces one flat and the
other convex or curved whereby the section of the bar is reduced to a curved tapering
form for a part of its length leaving the part which is to form the calkin unchanged.
The end of the bar is then subjected to the action of lies which bend up the end to
form the calkin or heel for one side of the shoe. These dies are adapted to shape the
calkin and also to compress or set up the turned up metal endwise so as to increase
the strength and wearing surface of the calkin. The bar is then drawn out for the
other side of the shoe and is subjected to the action of dies which bend the bar taper
or modify the section and form and set up the calkin as herein before described. It
will be understood that the bar is heated for each set of operations or as may be
required. In practice I form all these dies in two principal parts constituting top and
hottom dies which are attached to the hammer and anvil of a steam hammer or of a
drop hammer or of a similar apparatus actuated by fluid pressure or by motive power.
Parts of such dies are or may be changeable so that the dies can be adapted to be used
in the production of different forms and sizes of shoes or separate complete pairs of
dies may be used for each form of shoe. I may use separate dies for each operation

page_text: and I may use pressure obtained otherwise than from the blow of a hammer as for example
the movable dies might be actuated by excentrics in a similar manner to the parts in
a Ryder forging machine. The blank produced as herein aforesaid is bent to the
required curved form by means of pressing wheels which are carried by a pair of levers
which vibrate upon a common centre and are actuated in unison by means of links
connected with a sliding cross head. The blank is bent around a fixed curved mould
or block. In a machine which I have devised for the purpose the jaws or parts which
hold the blank in position are held by catches which are knocked off self-actingly
when the bending is completed so that the partly formed shoe can be at once removed.
Any other suitable apparatus may be employed to effect this bending operation. The
shoe is next pressed between top and bottom recessed dies which are adapted to render
the shoe more perfect in surface form and is then subjected to the action of a machine
which punches the holes for the nails or partly forms such holes. The punches are
carried by a block which is attached to the haminer block of a drop or trip hammer so
that the holes are formed by means of a sudden blow. The holes do not extend quite
through the metal but the thin piece of metal at the bottom of each hole is easily
pressed or punched out the hole being left clear and well shaped. The punches are
or may be adjustable in the punch block.
Dated this 31st day of May 1888.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: Apparatus Employed therein.
I JOSEPH HALL BOOTH of the Burlington Street Iron Works, Gorton Lane,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings :-
My Invention relates principally to the manufacture of shoes adapted for horses of
the heavier class such for example as are employed in the drawing of lurries and of
heavy vans or carts. Such shoes are made principally or almost entirely by hand.
The objects of my invention are to produce such shoes with the aid of machinery and
at the same time to improve the general quality of the shoes. The bar of iron which
is to form a shoe is in the first instance drawn out between dies and set up, bent and
otherwise acted upon to form the calkins and to leave the bar in a fit state to be bent
into the horse shoe form. The bar is then subjected to the action of a machine which
bends the bar into the required form. The partly formed shoe is then pressed or
hammered between top and bottom dies which completes the formation of the shoe so
far as shape is concerned. The nail holes are then formned by a sudden blow from a
set of punches attached to the hammer block of a drop or trip hammer or this punching
may precede the pressing between dies.
In order that my Invention may be clearly understood I will describe the same with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring in the first place to sheet 1 of the said drawings Figs. 1 to 9 illustrate
the formation of the dies which I use in the preliminary operations upon the har,
Fig. 1 being an end view and Fig. 2 a side view of the top die and Figs. 3 and 4
corresponding views of the bottom or anvil die. In practice I secure the top die to
the hammer block of a steam hammer and the bottom die to the anvil block. Fig. 5
is a plan view of the bottom die. Fig. 6 is a face view of the top die and shows the
surface which is downward in Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a sectional view of Fig. 4. Fig. 8
represents the other sides of the dies as compared with Figs. 2 and 4.
The two dies are formed with faces at a. a whereby the end of a bar is drawn out so
as to increase its width and decrease its thickness at the part which is to form the front
of the shoe: The lower die is formed with a recess a¹ which clears the ends of the bar
and prevents the part which is to form the head from being reduced in thickness. If
not considered to be necessary in any case this drawing out may be dispensed with.
One end of the bar or each end is now hammered or pressed between the dies so as to
reduce the width and increase the thickness of the end part as indicated by Fig. 10 in
sheet 2. The calkin will be formed from this thickened part of the bar. The two
dies are formed with curved recesses at bb the recesses at one side of each die being
adapted to shape one side of-the-shoe and the-recesses at 6 to shape the other side of
the shoe. The bar is now turned edge upward and subjected to the operation say of

page_text: the recesses whereby part of the bar is bent into some such form as indicated by
Fig. 11. The dotted line at 6 in Fig. 4 indicates the upper curve of the bar. The
end of the bar is then pushed up to an adjustable or changeable stop con the lower
die as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 4. When the upper die next descends the
end of the bar is bent up between the end of the said die and the vertical face of a
changeable block d the end of the bar heing then somewhat as indicated by Fig. 12.
The lower die is provided with four projecting blocks e. e which stand up from the face
of the die and project-forward from the vertical face of the part d. The upper die is
provided with two changeable pressing blocks f.f which enter the spaces between the
pairs of blocks e. The thickened end of the bar is pushed into the space between a
pair of the blocks e as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 5 the turned up part which
is to form the calkin being upward. When the top-die descends the turned up end of
the bar is enclosed on two sides by the blocks e. e and on the other two sides by the
vertical faces on the block d'and the end of the upper die. As the die descends the
presser comes on to the top of the said turned up end of the bar and compresses the
metal in the manner indicated in Fig. 9 whereby the calkin is formed The end of
the bar will now resemble the indication in Fig. 13. Previous to these operations on
the end of the bar a stop slide g has been pushed forward into the hollow a as indicated
by the dotted lines in Fig. 7. The object of this stop slide is to prevent the upper die
from acting upon the flat portion of the bar. If not considered to be necessary
or in the event of the descent of the upper die being otherwise controlled the
said stop slide might be dispensed with. It will be seen that so far a calkin
has been formed on one side of the bar only. The other calkin is formed
with the aid of the recesses at the other side of the die and of the
blocks e and 1: The har end is hammered as in the case of the other end of the bar.
at the part which is to form the heel the bar then being as indicated by Fig. 14. The
bar is then placed in the recess and by the stroke of the upper die the bar end is
bent as indicated by Fig. 15. The second calkin is then formed in the manner
described with reference to the first calkin and the bar will then be of a form
similar to the indication of Fig. 16. The dies may be attached to a drop hammer or
to a similar apparatus actuated by fluid pressure or by motive power. Parts of the
dies are or may be changeable so that the dies can be adapted to be used in the
production of different forms and sizes of shoes or separate complete pairs of dies may
be used for each form of shoe. I may use separate dies for each operation and I may
use pressure obtained otherwise than from the blow of a hammer as for example the
movable dies might be actuated by excentrics in a similar manner to the parts in a
Ryder forging machine. The blank produced as herein aforesaid is bent to the
required curved form by means of the apparatus illustrated by Figs. 17 and 18 in
sheet 2 and Fig. 19 in sheet 3. Fig 17 being a plan, Fig. 18 an end elevation, and
Fig. 19 a side Elevation of the machine. In the drawings the bar which appears in
Fig. 16 is represented by h. The bar is bent upon a mould i which can be changed
to suit the size or form of the required shoe. When the bar is placed in position two
pusher plates come forward against the ends of the bar and adjust it at once to
its correct position. The plates are carried by levers j¹ which are fixed upon rocking
shafts upon which are levers which are connected with a treadle. When the
foot is placed upon this treadle the pushers are brought simultaneously into contact
with the ends of the bar. When the foot is taken off the treadlo the pushers are
withdrawn by means of springs. A cover plate is hinged to the block upon
which is fixed the mould . When the bar is adjusted this cover plate is shut down
and is secured by a latch which turns upon a stud or fulcrum. When shut down
this cover plate projects a little beyond the mould i and over the shoe blank and
keeps the latter from springing or moving upward out of its place. The bar or
blank his bent by means of two pressing wheels 1. which are mounted to vibrate
partly around a common centre which is at.. The outer ends of these leyers are
connected by means of links 3 with a sliding cross head or part which is actuated
by hydraulic or steam power or by means of a screw or rack and pinion or by other
suitable means. It has not been considered necessary to show such means in the

page_text: drawings as methods whereby the cross head may be moved to and fro are well
known.
It will be seen that when the cross head is pushed toward the centre at 12 the
wheels will be brought into contact with the bar and by rolling along the bar in
opposite directions and pressing it toward the centre will turn in the two ends of
the bar upon the mould and produce the required horse shoe shape. The latch & is
provided with an arm k'. When the latch is turned into position to lock the cover
this arm is turned into the position indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 17. When
the shoe is bent into form the wheels are in the positions as indicated by the dotted
circles and a hooked catch has caught hold of the arm k¹. When the cross head
is moved back the said catch draws back the said arm whereby the cover plate is
released and is thrown up out of the way by means of a spring. The shoo is
then free to be removed. The details of this apparatus may be greatly varied and
any other suitable machine may be employed to effect this bending operation. The
shoe is next pressed between top and bottom dies which are adapted to impart a better
surface finish to the shoe and to form it with the necessary or desirable inside
chamfer or taper in the section from outside to inside. The apparatus which I
employ for this purpose is illustrated by Figs. 24 to 26 whereof Fig. 24 is an
underside view of the top die and Fig. 26 an upper face view of the lower die.
Fig. 25 is a side view of the two dies the lower die being represented in section.
The upper die is formed with a projecting swell which is adapted to impart the
desired bevel or taper to the inner edge of the shoe. The lower die is formed
with a recessed seating to receive the shoe.. The said lower die is seated in a die
holder n and is secured therein by means of a taper key so that it may be changed
whenever desirable in order that shoes of different forms and sizes may be treated.
The two dies may he used in a hydraulic press or in a steain hammer or in a suitably
powerful press or machine but I consider hydraulic pressure to be the most suitable.
As the construction of such presses is well understood it has not been considered
to be necessary to illustrate such a press but only the dies I use.
In the next operation the nail holes are formed in the shoe. This I effect at one
operation by means of punches which are attached to a drop hammer block which
is allowed to fall from a suitable height so as to form the holes by a blow. Fig. 20
is an underside view of the punch block which I attach to the hammer head, and
Fig. 22 is a vertical cross section of the same. Fig. 21 is a view of the anvil or bed
which receives the shoe and supports it whilst it is struck by the punches. The said
anvil is provided with adjustable or removable guide pieces o. o which ensure the shoe
being correctly placed in position. Each punch is formed to stamp or punch the
holes upon one side of the shoe. Fig. 23 shows two of the punches I use one being
intended to form the holes in a front shoe and the other in a hind shoe. In the
one case the punch is adapted to forin four holes and in the other case five holes.
Each punch piece is keyed or secured in a curved slot formed in the punch block. In
the example the punch pieces are secured by means of set screws p. p. It must
be understood that the anvil is not perforated as the punches do not act as ordinary
punches, that is to say they do not form the holes by punching out pieces of metal but
by displacement of metal the shoe being red hot or suitably heated. The shoe being
in position the hammer block is allowed to fall and the holes are formed by one
quick blow. The holes do not or do not always extend entirely through the metal of
the shoe but a thin web is left at one end of each hole. This web is easily knocked
pressed or punched out leaving a clear and well shaped hole which does not require
to be opened out or shaped by the smith preparatory to the application of the shoe
to the hoof of the animal. Instead of a number of punches being formed in one
piece they may be in separate pieces secured in holes in the puuch block and if
preferred the punches may be permanently fixed in the punch block by any suitable
means. If preferred the punching or perforating inay precede the pressing between
dies. I do not confine myself to any of the details of the punching apparatus so long
as the holes are formed at once by a drop blow. The method of forming the holes
may be employed in cases wherein the shoes are not otherwise formed in accordance

page_text: with my invention. It will be understood that throughout the operations the metal
bars or the partly formed shoes are heated to a suitable degree and at such stages
in the operations as may be desirable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The process for the manufacture of metal shoes by the aid of the apparatus
substantially as set forth and indicated.
(2) The dies and apparatus for drawing, bending, setting up, and shaping the bur
to form a horse shoe substantially as set forth and indicated with reference to Figs. 1
to 16 of the drawings.
(3) The use in the formation of such a blank bar as represented by Fig. 16 of a
series of fixed and movable shaping dies, surfaces or parts whereby the bar is or
may be drawn out in the central part, is shaped at one end as in Fig. 10. is bent as in
Fig. 11, and is turned up and pressed as in Figs. 12 and 13, some or all of these
operations being repeated for the other end of the bar substantially as set forth and
indicated.
(4) For application to a steam hammer block and anvil upper and lower dies
formed with curved recesses b or b and b' as and for the purpose set forth.
(5) The method of forming the calkin at each end of a bar which is to be
formed into a horse shoe substantially as set forth.
(6)-The combination of parts-constituting-the-apparatus-for-bending-the shaped-bar-
into a horse shoe form substantially as set forth and indicated.
(7) The combination of the levers l' carrying the wheels and vibrating upon a
common centre within the die block i; with the cover plate self-actingly released by
the returning of the parts after the bending operation and thrown over by a spring
or_weight substantially_ns set forth and indicated.
(8) The finishing dies for use in a press or below a hammer substantially as set
forth with reference to Figs. 24, 25 and 26 of the drawings.
(9) The method of forming the holes in a horse shoe by one stroke of a set of
punches carried by a guided part dropped from a height above the bed or anvil
supporting the shoe in position.
(10) The apparatus substantially as and for the purpose and used in the manner as
set forth and indicated with reference to Figs. 20 to 23 of the drawings.
Dated this 28th day of February 1889.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.