IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW HOOKS, CUP HOOKS, WARDROBE HOOKS, BRACKETS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE MANUFACTURE
Year: 1885

page_text: We, GEORGE JAMES WILLIAMS of Pershore Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick Manufacturer and FRANCIS ROBERT SILK of Newport Road Spark-
brook near Birmingham, aforesaid, Commercial Traveller do hereby declare the
nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW
HOOKS, CUP HOOKS, WARDROBE HOOKS, BRACKETS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE
MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the manu-
facture or production of screw-hooks, cup hooks, coat hooks, wardrobe hooks,
cornice pole brackets, and other brackets and hooks of like manufacture; whereby
the manufacture of the said articles are much simplified and economized.
By our invention we dispense with the ordinary process of manufacture, by
cutting out the hook in its entirety from out of sheet metal, by tools worked in a
press, or by other means.
In carrying out our invention in the production of brass hooks we take preferably
a thick plate of metal with a polished or planished surface, which is subsequently
rolled down to the required gauge, which acquires a bright or planished surface in
the reduce thickness, and from this sheet metal, a hook blank is cut, having the
requisite hook formation which forms the front part of the hook; the attachment
shank which is afterwards wormed and the collar or shoulder which comes between
the hook and the screwed shank thus cutting or producing a screw hook all in one
piece and out of sheet metal.
The shoulder of the screw hook is preferably somewhat curved or chamfered on
the stem side of the hook; while on the screwed side, the collar is made straight,
so that the straight edge shall be perfectly flush with the object to which it is
screwed.
The square shank of the hook thus cut out from sheet metal, may if necessary
be rounded or the sharp edges removed, by pressure with semi circular she dies.
The sharp edges of the stem of the hook, collar and the terminal end of the hook
may be rounded off or removed by tools or pressure or by other equivalent means;

page_text: :
and where a screw hook is required to have additional finish, an independent dished
like collar may be closed upon the shank and retained in position by a swell or
indented part.
The attachment shank instead of being wormed, may be plain in the form of a
spike, which is driven instead of being screwed.
ht
The blank described instead of being formed from sheet metal may be made
from half round or other wire bent and doubled into a hook form which is after-
wards fashioned into any desired shape-The hook and shank part when necessary
may be made separate from the screw shank. In this case a nick is cut in the
collar end of the screw wherein a projection on the collar is soldered; and where
the hook does not require to be attached by a screw, a sheet metal blank is cut
out with the collar end turned at right angles, so as to form an attachment flange
or shank for the attachment of the hook to an article by small screws; and when
a series of hooks are required in a row, the blanks are cut out as before from sheet
metal, and standing out parts from the backs of the shoulders passed through holes
in their carrying frame or plate, which are afterwards rivetted on the other side-
Or the attachment may be effected by sinking recesses within the frame or attach-
ment plate and closing the metal around the collar or shoulder And where large
brackets are to be made, the metal is so folded, that the shoulder part is doubled,
so as to make two attachment flanges.
In applying my invention to the production of other hooks and brackets w
.proceed substantially in the manner hereinbefore described with respect to screw
and flanged hooks.

page_text: MVCAS
Wardrobe Hooks, Brackets, and other Articles of like
Manufacture.
We GEORGE JAMES WILLIAMS of Pershore Street, Birmingham in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, and FRANCIS ROBERT SILK of Newport Road Spark-
brook near Birmingham, aforesaid, Commercial Traveller do hereby declare the
nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW
HOOKS, CUP HOOKS, WARDROBE HOOKS, BRACKETS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE
MANUFACTURE," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in the manu-
facture or production of screw hooks, cup hooks, coat hooks, wardrobe hooks,
cornice pole brackets, and other brackets and hooks of like manufacture; whereby
the manufacture of the said articles is much simplified and economised.
By our invention, we dispense with the ordinary process of manufacture, by
cutting the hook in its entirety from out of sheet metal, by tools worked in a press,
or by other means.
In carrying out our invention in the production of brass hooks, we take preferably
a thick plate of metal with a polished or planished surface, which is subsequently
rolled down to the required gauge, which acquires a bright or planished surface in
the reduced thickness, and from this sheet metal, a hook blank is cut, having the
requisite hook formation which forms the front part of the hook; the attachment
shank which is afterwards wormed and the collar or shoulder which comes between
the hook and the screwed shank, thus cutting or producing a screw hook all in one
piece and out of sheet metal.
The shoulder of the screw hook is preferably somewhat curved or chamfered on
the stem side of the hook; while on the screwed side, the collar is made straight,
so that the straight edge shall lie perfectly flush with the object to which it is
screwed.
:
The square shank of the hook thus cut out from sheet metal, may if necessary
be rounded or the sharp edges removed, by means of semi-circular she or half dies.
The sharp edges of the stem of the hook, collar and the terminal end of the hook
may be rounded off or removed by tools or pressure or by other equivalent means;
and where a screw hook is required to have additional finish, an independent dished
like collar may be closed upon the shank and retained in position by a swell or
indented part.
The attachment shank instead of being wormed, may be plain in the form of a
spike, which is driven instead of being screwed.
The blank described instead of being formed from sheet metal, may be made
from half round or other wire bent and doubled into a hook form which is after-
wards fashioned into any desired shape. The hook and shank part when necessary
may be made separate from the screw shank. In this case, a nick is cut in the
collar end of the screw, wherein a projection on the collar is soldered; and where

page_text: the hook does not require to be attached by a screw, a sheet metal plans
with the collar end turned. at right angles, so as to form an attachment flange or
shank for the attachment of the hook to an article by small screws; and when a
series of hooks are required in a row, the blanks are cut out as before from sheet
metal, and standing out parts from the backs of the shoulders passed through holes
in their carrying frame or plate, which are afterwards rivetted on the other side.
Or the attachment may be effected by sinking recesses within the frame or attach-
ment plate and closing the metal around the collar or shoulder. And where large
brackets are to be made, the metal is so folded, that the shoulder part is doubled,
so as to make two attachment flanges.
J
In applying our invention to the production of other hooks and brackets, we
proceed substantially in the manner herein before described with respect to screw
and other hooks.
Having described the nature of our invention, we will proceed to describe with
reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in which the same is to be
performed.
We will describe our invention in conjunction with tools which constitute part of
our invention.
10
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, figure 2 an edge view and figure 3 a
longitudinal section of a cup hook blank cut out in its entirety from a sheet or
plate of metal figure 4. Figure 44 is an edge view of the said strip.
In carrying out our invention, we take a sheet or strip of brass or suitable metal
or alloy, and by means of tools, worked in a press or otherwise, we cut out a blank
figure 1 having the requisite hook formation, shoulder and stem or shank, all in one
piece, and of the thickness or breadth of the metal from which the said hook or
hook blank has been cut.
a is the hook formation, b the shoulder or collar chamfered off, or curved upon
one side, and straight upon the other; the latter is made straight so as to lie flat
with the object to which the said screw hook is attached. c is the stem or shank,
square or rectangular in cross section, which is subsequently operated upon by
concave half round she dies or tools, so as to give the stem a round or cylindrical
form upon which a screw thread is subsequently wormed.
The process or processes of production or manufacture is as follows,
The hook blank figure 1 is cut out of sheet metal, (figure 4) and the burr thrown
up on the under boundary edges of the hook blank, is removed by flattening dies
figure 5, making a hook blank represented in front and side elevation figure 6.
Instead of employing flattening dies, edging tools may be substituted therefor.
These tools round off the sharp edges by pressing or impact. The stem or shank c
of the hook blank figure 6 is next operated upon by half round concave tools
figure 7, which round the said stem to the cross section shown at figure 8, thus by
the bringing together of the tools or half dies, the rectangular or square shank is
made round or cylindrical suitable for worming. Figure 9 is an end elevation of
the dies figure 7 before they are brought together, and figure 10 shows the dies
together, and the stem rounded or elongated by the squeezing of the metal between
the concaves or hollows of the tools. The round stem or shank c³ is next wormed
with a screw thread c³, (see figure 11).
Figure 12 shows a screw hook made in the manner described; that is, the said
hook is cut from sheet or strip metal as indicated in figure 13. Figure 14 is a
screw eye of like manufacture. Figure 15 is a pole hook, figure 16 is a wardrobe
hook, and figure 17 is a similar spike hook. The angles of the stem or shank c of
the said hook may be rounded off or left plain.
Figure 18 shows & screw or cup. hook, provided with a circular or standing out
collar, which is made separate from the hook, and attached to the shank by a
closing process. Figure 19 is a section of the collar, figure 20 is a transverse
section on the dotted lines figure 18, figure 21 shows the hook separately with the
shank notched and marked c. Figure 22 is an elevation; section and end view of
the said collar which is marked d.
J

page_text: In connecting the collar d of the hook, the shank is simply threaded through
the hole d', when by means of press tools, the said collar is closed around, and the
metal thereof forced into the gapped or cut away parts c', thereby preventing the
parts from becoming detached.
Figure 23 shows screw hooks cut from sheet metal and attached to a sheet metal
plate e, by passing the stems or shanks c through boles e³, in the said plate and
secured by riveting. Figure 24 is the plate, and figure 25 is a hook.
Hooks arranged in a series upon a plate as described, are useful for the hanging
of keys and other articles.
Figure 26 is a perspective view, and Figure 27 is a plan of a hook cut from
sheet metal, and folded upon itself, with the terminal ends turned flange like, so as
to form attachment ears, through which loose screws pass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is-
First. Making the hook a, shoulder 6 and stem c of screw hooks and other
hooks and eyes of like manufacture in one piece, and from one piece of metal ;
that is, making or cutting out the hook, or the blank of the hook with or without
a shoulder, from sheet metal, substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly. The combination of a flat hook, (whether cut from sheet metal) with
a circular or other shaped collar which is made separate and closed upon the stem,
substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly Shaping or fashioning the rectangular or square stems or shanks c of
hook or eye blanks cut from sheet metal, by concave half round dies, which round
and fashion the stem subsequently to it being wormed, substantially as described
and set forth.