Improvements in Hydraulic Jacks.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1890-Accepted, 5th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Jacks.
We, DAVID THOMAS YOUNG and HARRY WILLIAM YOUNG, both of Ryland Works,
Ryland Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to Improvements in Hydraulic Jacks and Forcing Machines
which we construct in a peculiar manner for pushing out bolts and shaft coupling
pins and for giving pressure to a rivet or stud for forming a head or shoulder upon
the stud or rivet. We also employ our jack for ordinary lifting and forcing purposes
by means of independent and supplementary fittings which we supply for
attachment to the jack when it is to be used for ordinary lifting and forcing
purposes.
In carrying our invention into effect we construct a hydraulic cistern in the
ordinary manner and place within it a pump to be worked by means of a lever
operated from the outside to this pump we attach suitable valves and fittings similar
to those used upon the ordinary hydraulic jack and in the cistern we place the water
or liquid for supplying the pumps; the cylinder containing the same we arrange
immediately in front of and in the same straight line as the cistern and pump; we
sometimes make the cistern and cylinder in one piece. Within this cylinder we
place a ram piston or plunger having the ordinary leather for keeping the liquid
perfectly secure with the cylinder so that it does not escape past the edges of the
piston or ram.
The outer end of the cylinder we sometimes close with a gland or cap having a
central hole for the piston rod or plunger rod to pass through; between the inner
part of this cap and the outer side of the piston or ram we place a drawback spring
which tends always to keep the ram or piston at the inner or bottom end of its
cylinder so that when using the jack for any purpose the spring will cause the
plunger to withdraw or return to its lowest position ready for a fresh stroke after the
release valve has been opened which permits the liquid from the cylinder to pass back
from the cylinder to the cistern.
We sometimes employ liquid pressure to return the ram by causing the water to
be in the annular front space surrounding the piston rod, and the cylinder, but this
of course requires that we shall pump the piston or ram back instead of allowing it
to automatically pass back as in the former case with the spring. To the front or
free end of the piston rod or rain or plunger rod we attach any suitable cap or head
to suit any particular object that is to be operated upon or we shape the head of the
rod or ram itself to suit the surface to be pressed.
When using our improved jack for forcing out coupling bolts or shafts we attach
to two trunnions or lugs which we form upon or secure to the cylinder or cistern of
the jack, a suitably shaped claw or arm so that one end is engaged to the cylinder or
cistern and the other embraces the coupling and thus connects the jack to the coupling
ready for exerting a pressure upon any part or bolt that may be required.
This arm we form as one piece, casting or forging, but in some cases we arrange
two or more separate arms, straps or plates for the same purpose.
To support the body of the jack so that it may not fall away from the line of
desired thrust we attach to the same, one or more movable and adjustable legs or
bearers so that these legs or bearers may rest upon the coupling shaft or upon any
convenient support and thus keep the jack in true working position.
And when the jack is not in use we arrange that it may occupy less space by
causing the cistern and cylinder which we term the body part of the jack to turn
upon the trunnion pins and to come within the jaw space of the connecting claw

page_text: that is to say we cause the body part of the jack to come into the space which the
flanges of the coupling occupy when in actual use.
In another arrangement of our improved jack we arrange that the cistern and
pump shall stand in front of the guides and ram in a manner similar to the jacks
now known as locomotive and timber jacks and with this arrangement we employ
the ordinary and usual fittings of the jack, but cause the end to have a swivelling
motion by passing a pin through it and causing it to connect to a coupling claw or
to two plates which secure it to the coupling in a manner similar to that as berein-
before described.
When using this jack for ordinary lifting purposes other than for operating upon
coupling bolts or shafts we attach the cylinder end to a foot or base by means
of a pin or trunnion or pins or trunnions secured to the lower end of the jack
cylinder.
To make the jack suitable for operating upon objects to be thrust or compressed
against, we arrange a fixed support for the object and the jack by means of a frame
which we join together by bolts or plates and thus enclose the jack and the object
to be pressed within this frame for the greater convenience of working or operating.
Dated this 15th day of August 1889
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hydraulic Jacks.
We, DAVID THOMAS YOUNG and HARRY WILLIAM YOUNG, Engineers both of
Ryland Works, Ryland Street, Birmingham in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to Improvements in Hydraulic Jacks and Forcing Machines
which we construct in a peculiar manner for pushing out bolts and shaft coupling
pins and for giving pressure to a rivet or stud for forming a head or shoulder upon
the stud or rivet. We also employ our jack for ordinary lifting and forcing purposes
by means of independent and supplementary fittings which we supply for attachment
to the jack when it is to be used for ordinary lifting and forcing purposes.
In carrying our invention into effect we construct a hydraulic cistern in the
ordinary manner and place within it a pump to be worked by means of a lever
operated from the outside, to this pump, we attach suitable valves and fittings
similar to those used upon the ordinary hydraulic jack and in the cistern we place
the water or liquid for supplying the pumps; the cylinder containing the same we
arrange immediately in front of, and in the same straight line as the cistern and
pump, we sometimes make the cistern and cylinder in one piece. Within this
cylinder we place a ram piston or plunger having the ordinary leather for keeping
the liquid perfectly secure within the cylinder so that it does not escape past the
edges of the piston or ram.
The outer end of the cylinder we sometimes close with a gland or cap having a
central hole for the piston rod or plunger rod to pass through; between the inner
part of this cap and the outer side of the piston or ram we place a drawback spring
which tends always to keep the ram or piston at the inner or bottom end of its
cylinder so that when using the jack for any purpose this spring will cause the
plunger to withdraw or return to its lowest position ready for a fresh stroke after the
release valve has been opened, which permits the liquid from the cylinder to pass
back from the cylinder to the cistern.
We sometimes employ liquid pressure to return the ram by causing the water to
be in the annular front space surrounding the piston rod and the cylinder; but this
of course requires that we shall pump the piston or ram back instead of allowing it
to automatically pass back as in the former case with the spring. To the front or

page_text: free end of the piston rod, or ram or plunger rod we attach any suitable cap or head
to suit any particular object that is to be operated upon or we shape the head of the
rod or ram itself to suit the surface to be pressed.
When using our improved jack for forcing out coupling bolts or shafts we attach to
two trunnions or lugs which we form upon or secure to the cylinder or cistern of the
jack, a suitably shaped claw or arm so that one end is engaged to the cylinder or
cistern and the other embraces the coupling and thus connects the jack to the coupling
ready for exerting a pressure upon any part or bolt that may be required. This arm
we form as one piece, casting or forging; but in some cases we arrange two or more
separate arms, straps, or plates for the same purpose.
To support the body of jack so that it may not fall away from the line of desired
thrust we attach to the same, one or more movable and adjustable legs or bearers which
may rest upon the coupling shaft or upon any convenient support and thus keep the
jack in true working position. And when the jack is not in use we arrange that it may
occupy less space by causing the cistern and cylinder which we term the body part of
the jack to turn upon the trunnion pins and to come within the jaw-space of the con-
necting claw, that is to say, we cause the body part of the jack to come into the space
which the flanges of the coupling occupy when in actual use.
"
In another arrangement of our improved jack we arrange that the cistern and pump
shall stand in front of the guides and rain, in a manner similar to the jacks now known
as "Locomotive and Timber Jacks," and with this arrangement we employ the
ordinary and usual fittings of the jack; but cause the end to have a swivelling motion
by passing a pin through it, and causing it to connect to a coupling claw or to two
plates which secure it to the coupling in a manner similar to that as hereinbefore
described.
When using the jack for ordinary lifting purposes other than for operating upon
coupling bolts or shafts, we attach the cylinder end to a foot or base by means
of a pin or trunnion, or pins or trunnions, secured to the lower end of the jack
cylinder.
To make the jack suitable for operating upon objects to be thrust or compressed
against, we arrange a fixed support for the object and the jack by means of a frame
which we join together by bolts or plates and thus enclose the jack and the object to
be pressed within this frame for the greater convenience of working or operating.
In order that our invention and the methods of carrying the same into effect may
be readily understood we append hereunto three sheets of explanatory drawings to be
hereinafter referred to.
Figures 1 and 2 are front and side elevations respectively, of our improved hydraulic
jack arranged for the purpose of forcing out coupling bolts.
Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional elevation showing the pump and details more
clearly. A is the hydraulic cistern, forming in one the cylinder and cistern for the
rain and pump in the manner common to all existing hydraulic jacks, and having the
arrangement of the pump and valves in the same well known ordinary method.
Upon the cistern A we cast or secure two or more lugs or pins D for the purpose of
receiving the side arms or jaw links CC; distance pieces with bolts B B connect the
links together, and keep them rigidly secured to the jack body, and lugs E E, prevent
any turning or movement upon the pins D, as a centre. Sometimes instead of employ-
ing round pins such as D, we employ square or irregular shaped pins for preventing
turning movement of the links or arms.
Figures 4 and 5 are representations of the method we adopt, when constructing our
link or arm C, in one piece, or as one forging or casting rather than as two separate
plates as in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Figures 6 and 7 are detailed external views showing the cylinder in front and side
elevation respectively, when constructed as one piece or casting with the trunnions D D
and the guiding lugs E E for keeping the links in true alignment with the cistern ;
also with projecting stops F F for preventing the lever G from being too far depressed
in working. H is the usual ordinary cap for closing the cistern and for guiding also
the pump plunger.

page_text: Sometimes we attach the cistern to the cylinder by screwing or any well known
mechanical system of connection, instead of forming them as one casting or piece of
metal. Similarly we sometimes attach the lugs to the casting instead of forming them
in one.
Figures 8 and 9 are front and side elevations respectively of one of the side links
forming the claw or clipping arm C.
Figures 10 and 11 are front and side elevations of the clipping arm or jaw formed
as one piece instead of being coupled up by bolts.
Figures 12 and 13 are front and side elevations respectively of the cistern cap we
employ when we desire to cause the jack to oscillate or swivel about a base having a
projecting lug or car to engage with the jaw formed upon the cap. J being the jaw
upon the cap and K the ear formed upon the base L shown in figures 14 and 15.
Figures 16 and 17 are front and side elevations of the ram cap or platten M for
fitting upon, or into, the projecting portion of the ram.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular form of cap or table M ; but adapt it
to suit any particular or special requirement.
Figures 18 and 19 are detailed elevation and sectional views of the cistern and
cylinder, we sometimes employ when using our improvements in construction of
hydraulic jack fittings, suitable for ordinary pressing or forcing purposes; having also
our improved draw back spring arrangement S for returning the ram without the
operation of a lever being required.
Figure 20 is a front elevation and figure 21 is a side elevation of our improved
arrangement of hydraulic jack as a forcing press, having a sliding cap or platten M,
carried upon the ram head and working between the side bars (2, C3, and with a
crosshead or upper thrust head N.
Figure 22 is a front elevation and figure 23 a side elevation of our improved
arrangement of hydraulic jack, and independent enclosing frame C³ C* for guiding
any table that may be placed upon the ram head, and for connecting the crosshead
with the base block P."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination and arrangement of a cistern, ram, and hand-lever pump, as
employed in ordinary hydraulic jacks, with a portable or movable arm or clip, or
movable arms or clips such as C, carried upon the cistern, applicable for forcing out
bolts of couplings, and for like purposes, substantially as herein described and as
illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement of a cistern, cylinder, ram and hand-lever
pump as employed in ordinary hydraulic jacks, with portable or movable arms or
clips such as L carried upon the cistern, together with the specially adapted crosshead
such as N or O, and ram cap such as M by means of which the jack may be used for
ordinary pressing purposes, substantially as herein described and as illustrated in
Figures 16, 17, 20 and 21 of the accompanying drawings.
3. Improvements in hydraulic lifting and forcing jacks and fittings for attachment
to the same, having their several parts constructed and combined in the manner
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th day of May 1890.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicants.