AN APPARATUS FOR THE SPEEDY AND ECONOMICAL HEATING OF BAKING OVENS, AND ALSO FOR USING THEIR EXCESS OF HEAT
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theodore Antoine Favrichon, of St. Symphorien de
Lay, in the Department of the Loire, in the Empire of France, Merchant,
for the Invention of "AN APPARATUS FOR THE SPEEDY AND ECONOMICAL
HEATING OF BAKING OVENS, AND ALSO FOR USING THEIR EXCESS OF HEAT."
Scaled the 23rd January 1863, and dated the 28th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theodore Antoine Favri-
chon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on tho 28th July 1862.
I, THEODORE ANTOINE FAVRICHON, of St. Symphorien de Lay, in the
Department of the Loire, in the Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR THE SPEEDY
AND ECONOMICAL HEATING OF BAKING OVENS, AND ALSO FOR USING THEIR EXCESS
OF HEAT," to be as follows:-
My improved oven is constructed, firstly, with the stone or brick paved
area inclining forward about two inches.
Secondly, a pipe is fitted in the centre of the arched roof or vault of the
oven, to feed the draught. This pipe of earthenware, masonry, or preferably
of cast iron, will have a diameter of about ten inches at its lower orifice, by
about twelve inches at its upper, and the lower orifice will project into
the oven about two inches beyond the concave part of the vault.
. Thirdly, a horizontal casing or conduit receives the smoke passing through
the pipe, and directs it into the vertical conduit or casing of. the oven

page_text: chimney, which is divided by a partition, rising to a height of about twelve
inches.
Fourthly, a register is fitted on the upper orifice of the feed pipe, which
may be opened or closed at will, either to temper the draught while the oven
is being heated, and permit the escape of the smoke, to concentrate the
heat within the oven to bake the bread, or to distribute the heat when no
longer required in the oven into contiguous or upper chambers.
Fifthly, by means of a second register, the large or main oven is placed
in communication with a smaller, which receives all the excess of heat, and
which may be used for cooking pastry or meat, and drying wood for the
main oven.
Sixthly, another register closes the vertical casing or conduit of the chimney,
to concentrate all the heat, as soon as the wood used for heating the oven
has been carbonized, and the smoke has disappeared.
Seventhly, an opening of about eight inches is made in the front part of the
vertical casing; this opening is closed by an iron plate, excepting when the
conduit requires cleaning.
The second part of my Invention consists simply in placing about twelve
inches on each side the mouth of the oven, and along its edge two pipes com-
municating by a conduit to feed the draught, which is tempered or destroyed
at will, by means of two registers.
The excess of heat in the oven may be utilized, in concentrating it by means
of the two above mentioned registers, and the establishment of another on the
conduit.
To preserve the heat in the oven with the least possible loss, the iron plate, 2
which closes the oven, has an opening in the middle; this opening has a door,
divided into three compartments; it is entirely opened for the introduction of
large loaves, and closed all but the third compartment, while smaller loaves are
being put into the oven; this door is also provided with a glass panel, in front
of which is placed a lamp, lighting the whole of the oven during the intro-
duction of the bread.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Theodore Antoine Favrichon in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th January 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THEODORE 3
ANTOINE FAVRICHON, of St. Symphorien de Lay, in the Department of the
Loire, in the Empire of France, Merchant, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Theodore Antoine Favrichon, Her special licence that I, the said Theodore
Antoine Favrichon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Theodore Antoine Favrichon, my executors, administrators, and,
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention.
for "AN APPARATUS FOR THE SPEEDY AND ECONOMICAL HEATING OF BAKING OVENS,.
AND FOR USING THEIR EXCESS OF HEAT," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Theodore Antoine Favrichon, my executors or administrators,.
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Theodore Antoine Favrichon, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawing hereunto
annexed, and forming part of this my Specification, and to the figures and
letters of reference placed thereon :-
My improved heating apparatus for ovens, may be constructed in two ways
slightly differing from each other.
The first arrangement is shewn in Figurès 1, 2, and 3, of the Drawing, and
consists in constructing the oven as follows:-
Firstly, with the stone or brick paved area inclining forward about two
inches, that is to say, that the back of the area of the oven should be about
two inches higher than the front..
.
Secondly, a pipe C is fitted in the centre of the arched roof or vault of the
oren, to feed the draught. This pipe, made of earthenware, masonry, or
preferably of cast iron, has a diameter of about ten inches at its lower
orifice by about twelve inches at its upper, and the lower orifice projects
into the oven about two inches beyond the concave part of the vault.
Thirdly, a horizontal casing or sheath G receives the smoke passing through
the pipe or flue C, and directs it into the vertical conduit or casing L of the

page_text: oven chimney, which is divided by a partition or tongue to a height of about
four feet, and not twelve inches, as erroneously stated in my Provisional
Specification:
...
Fourthly, a register D is fitted on the upper orifice of the feed pipe C,
which may be opened or closed at will, either to temper-the draught while
the oven is "being licated and permit the escapo of the smoke, to concen-
trate the heat within the oven, to bake the bread, or to distribute the
heat when no longer required in the oven into contiguous or upper chambers.
Fifthly, by means of a second register E, the large or main oven A is placed
in communication with a smaller F, which receives all the excess of heat, and
may be used for cooking pastry or meat, and drying wood or other fuel for the
niain oven.
:
'
Sixthly, another register K, closes the vertical casing or conduit L of the
chimney, to concentrate all the heat, as soon as the wood used for heating the
oven, has become carbonized and the smoke has disappeared..
Seventhly, an opening of about eight inches is made in the front part of the
vertical casing L, which is hermetically closed beneath. This opening remains
closed by an iron plate N, which is removed when the conduit- requires
cleaning.
. In the Drawing, Figure 1 is an elevation; Figure 2 plan; and Figure 3
section at O, P, Figure 2, of the arrangement above described.
A oven; B ash-pit; C feed or air pipo; D register or damper, closing
pipe C; E register of small oven; F small oven for economizing heat; G casing-
or conduit of feed pipe; H; register for distributing excess of heat; I, handle of
the rod of register E; J, handle of rod of register D; K, register of the chimney
casing or conduit L; L, chimney of the casing of feeding conduit; M oven
door or block, with its three openings 1, 2, 8; N, door for cleaning the
chimney L.
The arrangement forming-the second part of my Invention may be sub-
stituted for the first in all ovens where it is not desired to incur the expense
of fitting the arrangement first described.
It is shown Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the Drawing, and consists simply in
placing about twelve inches on each side the mouth of the oven, and along
its edge at the points R and S, two pipes communicating by a conduit or
casing Z, to feed the draught which is tempered or shut off at will, by means
of two registers a, a'. Although the pipes above mentioned, are shewn in the
Drawing as perpendicular, they may with equal advantage be on an inclined
plane.
The excess of beat in the main oven may also be utilized in this arrange--

page_text: ment, by concentrating it, using the register a', and fitting another on the -
conduit Z.
To preserve the heat in the oven with the least possible loss, the iron plate
which closes the oven has an opening X in the middle. This opening has a
door divided into three compartments, for the introduction of large loaves it is
entirely opened, but smaller loaves are put in through compartment (3).
This door is also provided with a glass panel (2,) in front of which I
place a lamp, lighting the whole of the oven during the putting in of the
loaves.
In Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, A indicates the oven; a, a', registers or dampers
on the feeding or air pipes; C, ash-pit; K, register for closing the casing L;
L, casing of the conduit; M, door plate of the oven with its divisions;
N, door plate for cleaning the casing L; R, S, feed or air pipes; Z, conduit,
establishing the current of air.
It will be evident that the relative proportions of the several parts of these
arrangements of apparatus will be regulated by the dimensions of the oven.
The advantages obtained by the two arrangements above described, and
shewn in the annexed Sheet of Drawing, and which I claim as of my Invention,
are an economy of about thirty per cent in fuel, the useful employment of
all excess of heat, and a very rapid heating, which may be increased or
lessened at will.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theodore Antoine Favrichon, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.