Improvements in Adding Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Adding Machines.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan and Co., of
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C. London, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by
George H. Rogers, Stationer, of Birmingham, Jefferson County, State of
Alabama, United States of America, and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in adding machines which are devices
for adding numbers expeditiously and accurately in an automatic manner.
The improvements comprise a new construction which indicates and registers
automatically the hundreds whenever the sum of the added units or tens passes a
hundred, means for adding hundreds independently from units or tens and minor
details of construction which will be referred to at the proper time.
A circular frame or casing is formed on its underside with a flange or foot upon
which it rests, said flange being higher at one side to cause the top or face of the
device to assume an inclined position to facilitate observation of the numbers
thereon. Around the inside of this casing and preferably flush with its upper
edge is provided a stationary ring secured in position in any suitable manner and
having one half of its upper surface graduated, the division embracing one hundred
equal parts, all properly numbered from 1 to 100. Inside of this stationary ring
and on a level with it is a rotatable ring having its outer edge next to the former
ring provided with 200 teeth, while on its upper side numbers for said teeth are
provided, one number to each tooth, said numbers arranged in two sets or series,
each embracing consecutively the numbers from 1 to 100. Next to and within
this latter ring is again a stationary one graduated to any amount of numbers, from
1 to 80 having been usually adopted. The space inside of this ring is closed by a
rotatable disk which with all the rings described before constitutes the face of the
apparatus which completely closes the top of the frame, the spaces between the
teeth of one of the rings excepted.
In the centre of this face is pivotally supported a pointer capable of being
rotated all around, over and close to the surface of the same and provided with a
bandle for convenient manipulation. Normally its free downwardly pointed end
is raised from the top-surface over which it swings, but may be depressed to cause
such pointed end to enter one of the spaces between the teeth of the toothed
ring, after which this ring may be rotated by means of the handle on the
pointer.
•
To prevent errors caused by this ring moving from its position, a spring-actuated
stop is provided which passes up from the underside and enters one of the spaces
between the teeth. At one side the upper end of this stop is rounded off to permit
the rotation of the movable ring in one direction, while the other side of the stop
being straight does not yield and slides out when rotation in opposite direction is
ttempted whereby the ring is prevented from accidentally moving back from the
position to which it has been advanced. This stop is further so located that when
the movable ring is at rest, it holds it in a position which brings the spaces.
etween its teeth opposite the graduation marks on the ring outside it.

page_text: The adding operation is performed substantially as in similar devices and
consists substantially of bringing the pointer opposite the graduation on the outer
ring, the number of which corresponds with the first number to be added, zero on
the movable ring, as well as an index mark on the central disk having first been
brought in line with the zeros of the stationary rings. Next the pointer is
depressed to engage with the ring after which it is turned to the left until a stop
coincident with zero on the outer ring is encountered beyond which the depressed
pointer cannot pass.
This brings the first number to be added opposite the stop after which the
pointer is raised up and turned back for the next number to be added and to be
found also on the outer ring, into the space opposite which number it is inserted
and the movable ring is turned again until the stop is reached once more, when
opposite this latter the sum of the added numbers appears. This is as a matter of
course, because the spaces between the teeth of the movable ring correspond as to
position with the graduations on the outer ring and the number of teeth which
pass the stop is the same as the number of graduations over which the pointer
moves from where it has been started after insertion until its progress is arrested
by the stop opposite which the sum of the numbers, accumulated on the outer ring,
always appears. Every time one hundred teetb, and accordingly one hundred
numbers of the movable ring, have passed the stop the disk with its index mark
advances automatically one graduation past the inner ring so that in order to
obtain the complete result after the first hundred is passed, the position of said
mark must be ascertained first with reference to the latter ring and the particular
figure to which it points thereon must be prefixed to the figures appearing on the
movable ring opposite the stop. Larger figures than one hundred (100) cannot
be added at one time and by one operation of the pointer and such figures must be
divided, that is to say, the hundreds must be added separately by advancing the
disk alone, while the tens and units are added as usual. For such purpose, or
when adding hundreds alone, a stud is provided on the disk and a depressible
catch-pin, held up by a spring within the hollow handle of the pointer, is depressed
to catch the stud on the disk and whereby this latter is advanced with reference to
the inner ring by the handle.
To facilitate observation of the advance of the disk on the inner ring, an
additional index-mark in shape of a dot is provided to be used in place of the
former mark which is obscured by the pointer arm.
The movable parts, that is the movable ring, disk and pointer, are sustained in
their respective positions as follows;-The inner ring rests on and is secured to
arms spreading from a central hub supported on the bottom of the frame. To
prevent it from turning, pins are provided on it which pass into the holes in said
bottom. The two upper edges of this inner ring are rabbetted to receive in the
outer rabbet the movable ring while the disk rests in the inner rabbet. Lugs on
the underside of the movable ring take around the lower edge of the inner ring to
prevent the former ring from dropping out of its position in case the device should
be upset. The disk is held down in its position by a flange of a sleeve passing
through a central perforation in the disk and through the hub into the bottom of
the frame. The pointer is held in position by a pin on which it swings and which
passes through the sleeve aforesaid, extending partly beyond the same, the pro-
truding end below being encircled by a spring which holds the pin in place,
The inner or
permitting it at the same time a limited longitudinal movement.
pivoted end of the pointer is slightly reduced in thickness, so that the head of the
pin, as it is drawn tightly down on it by the spring, causes the other free end to
tilt sufficiently upward to clear the face of the apparatus.
When, for adding, this end is depressed, the pin is slightly lifted or drawn
upwardly against the action of the spring below, which becomes contracted and
immediately by its expansion tilts the pointer up again when the same is released.
The spring is preferably covered by a cap screwed onto the sleeve which for such
purpose
is partly extended through the bottom of the casing.

page_text: To cause automatically an advance of the disk on the inner ring to in licate on
the latter every time when a hundred has been added by the movable ring, two
lugs are provided on the movable ring diametrically opposite each other and so
located on the underside thereof that whenever the hundred mark on its upper side
is about to pass the stop, one of them comes in contact with and swings a lever
pivoted to a stationary centre in a manner to cause a pawl to pass back and drop
in behind the next following tooth of a ratchet wheel rigidly secured to and
forming part of the disk. This pawl is held in contact by a spring and carried by
an arm also swinging from a stationary centre and connected to a lever by a link.
The number of teeth on the ratchet-wheel corresponds with the number of
graduations on the inner ring and the contact between one of the lugs and the end
of the lever is so limited that when the former has passed and released the latter
to enable a spring to restore it again to its normal position, pushing also the pawl
ahead with it, said pawl advances the ratchet-wheel only one tooth which is
equivalent to an advance of the disk to which it is secured, past the inner ring
equal to one graduation on the latter.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1805
Improvements in Adding Machines.
1, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan and Co., of
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by George H.
Rogers, Stationer, of Birmingham, Jefferson County, State of Alabama, United
States of America, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It relates to improvements in adding-machines which are devices for adding
figures expeditiously and accurately in an automatic manner.
The improvements comprise a new construction which indicates and registers
automatically the. hundreds whenever the sum of the added units or tens passes a
hundred, means for adding hundreds independently from units or tens and minor
details of construction which will be referred to at the proper time.
In the following specification and particularly pointed out at the end thereof, is
found a full description of my invention, its operation, parts and construction,
which latter is also illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a top or face-view of the improved adding-machine.
Fig. 2 is an inverted view of such top with the internal operating mechanism as
it appears when removed from its inclosing frame.
Fig. 3 shows in a side-elevation, at a reduced scale, the apparatus in working
position.
Fig. 4 shows a central vertical section of the same.
8 is a circular frame or casing formed on its underside with a flange or foot 9,
upon which it rests, said flange being higher at oue side to cause the top or face of
the device to assume an inclined position to facilitate observation of the numbers
thereon. Around the inside of this casing and preferably flush with its upper edge,
is provided a stationary ring 10, secured in position in any suitable manner and
having one half of its upper surface graduated, the division embracing one hundred
equal parts, all properly numbered from "1" to "100.”
Inside of this stationary ring and on a level with it is a rotatable ring 11, having
its outer edge next to ring 10 provided with two hundred teeth, while ou its upper
side numbers for said teeth are provided, one number to each tooth, said numbers

page_text: arranged in two sets or series, each embracing, consecutively, the numbers from
"1" to " 100."
To avoid crowding of numbers in the drawings, which show the device at reduced
size, only alternate graduations on ring 10 and alternate teeth on ring 11 are
numbered. Next to and within this latter ring is again a stationary one 12,
graduated to any amount of numbers, from "1" to "80" having been adopted in
this case.
The space inside of this ring is closed by a rotatable disk 13, which
with all the rings described before, constitutes the face of the apparatus, which
completely closes the top. of frame 8, the spaces between the teeth of ring 11
excepted.
In the center of this face is pivotally supported a pointer 14, capable of being
rotated all around, over and close to the surface of the same an provided with a
handle 15 for convenient manipulation. Normally its free downwardly pointed end
is raised off from the top surface over which it swings, but may be depressed to
cause such point end to enter one of the spaces between the teeth of ring 11, after
which this ring may be rotated by means of the handle on the pointer. To prevent
errors caused by this ring moving from its position, a spring-actuated stop 16 is
provided, which passes up from the under side and enters one of the spaces between
the teeth. At one side the upper end of this stop is rounded off to permit the
rotation of ring 11 in one direction, (see arrow), while the other side of this stop
being straight, does not yield and slide out when rotation in opposite direction is
attempted, whereby the ring is prevented from accidentally moving back from the
position to which it has been advanced.
This stop 16 is further so located that when ring 11 is at rest, holds it in a
position which brings the spaces between its teeth opposite the graduation marks
on ring 10.
The adding operation consists substantially of bringing the pointer 14 opposite
the graduation on the ring 10, the number of which corresponds with the first
number to be added, the zero on ring 11, as well as an index-mark 17 on the disk 13,
having first been brought in line with the zeros of the stationary rings.
Next the pointer 14 is depressed to engage with the ring 11, after which it is
turned to the left until a stop 18, coincident with zero on the ring 10, is encountered,
beyond which the depressed pointer cannot pass. This brings the first number to
be added opposite the stop 18, after which the pointer is raised up and turned back
for the next number to be added and to be found also on ring 10, into the space
opposite which number it is inserted, and ring 11 is turned again until stop 18 is
reached once more. When opposite this latter the sum of the added numbers
appears.
This is as a matter of course, because the spaces between the teeth of ring 11
correspond as to position with the graduations on ring 10, and the number of teeth
which pass stop 18 is the same as the number of graduations over which the pointer
moves from where it had been started after insertion until its progress is arrested
by stop 18, opposite which the sum of the numbers accumulated on ring 11 always
appears.
Every time one hundred teeth and accordingly one hundred numbers of ring 11
have passed stop 18, the disk 13, with its index-mark 17, advances automatically
one graduation past ring 12, so that in order to obtain the complete result after the
first hundred is passed, the position of said mark must be ascertained, first with
reference to ring 12 and the particular figure to which it points thereon must be
prefixed to the figure appearing ou ring 11, opposite stop 18.
Larger numbers than (100) one hundred cannot be added at one time and by one
operation of the pointer and such figures must be divided-that is to say, the
hundreds must be added separately by advancing disk 13 alone, while the tens and
units are added as usual. For such purpose or when adding hundreds alone, a
stud 19 is provided on disk 13, and a depressible catch-pin 20, held up by a spring
within the hollow handle 15 of the pointer, is depressed to catch the stud 19 on the
disk 13, and whereby this latter is advanced with reference to the ring 12 by

page_text: handle 15. Fig. 3 shows mode of manipulation for such purpose, during which the
pointer itself is not depressed to engage with the ring 11, which latter therefore
remains stationary.
To facilitate observation of the advance of disk 13 on ring 12, an additional
index-mark 21, in shape of a dot, is provided to be used in place of mark 17, which
is obscured by the pointer-arm. As shown in the drawings, the pointer is in
position to add "34" presently to "824" so far added and indicated by the
position of ring 11 and disk 13 while the total adding capacity of this particular
apparatus is " 8,099."
When beginning a new addition, the index-mark 17 on disk 13, as well as the
zero graduation on ring 11, must be brought in line with zero on rings 12 and 10,
the latter coincident with stop 18. The most convenient and quickest way to do
this is, as to ring 11, by inserting the pointer in the nearest one of the spaces
between the teeth marked 99 and 1, (in the actual machine) which space is
designated by zero and then swinging the ring around, the same as in adding, until
stop 18 is reached, when zero will be found to be in proper position. As to
disk 13 the pointer is swung so as to come back of stud 19, after which pin 20 is
depressed and the pointer is swung ahead to catch the stud, after which the motion
of the pointer is continued, disk 13 moving with it, the same as in adding hundreds,
until stop 18 is again encountered, when index-marker 17 will also be found in
proper position, its location with reference to stud 19 being such as to insure this
fact.
The movable parts-that is ring 11, disk 13 and pointer 14,--are sustained in
their respective positions as follows:
Ring 12 rests on and is secured to arms 22, spreading from a central hub 23,
supported on the bottom of frame 8. To prevent it from turning, pins 24 are
provided on it, which pass into holes in said bottom. The two upper edges of this
ring 12 are rabbetted to receive in the outer rabbet ring 11 while disk 13 rests in
the inner rabbet. Lugs 25 on the underside of ring 11 take around the lower edge
of ring 12 to prevent the former ring from dropping out of its position in case the
device should be upset.
Disk 13 is held down to its position by a flange 26 of a sleeve 27 passing through
a central perforation in disk 13 and through hub 23 in the bottom of frame 8.
The pointer is held in position by a pin 28, on which it swings and which passes
through sleeve 27, extending partly beyond the same, the protruding end below
being encircled by a spring 29, which holds pin 28 in place, permitting it at the
same time a limited longitudinal movement. The inner or pivoted end of the
pointer is slightly reduced in thickness, so that the head of pin 28, as it is drawn
tightly down on it by spring 29, cause the other free end to tilt sufficiently upwardly
to clear the face of the apparatus.
When for adding, this end is depressed, the pin 28 is slightly lifted or drawn
upwardly against the action of the spring below, which becomes contracted and
immediately by its expansion tilts the pointer up again, when the same is released.
The spring is preferably covered by a cap 30, screwed onto sleeve 27, which for
such purpose is partly extended through the bottom of casing 8.
To cause automatically an advance of disk 13 on ring 12 to indicate on the
latter every time when a hundred has been added by ring 11, two lugs 31 are
provided on ring 11, diametrically opposite each other and so located on the under-
side thereof, that whenever the hundred mark on its upper side is about to pass
Stop 18, one of them comes in contact with and swings a lever 32, pivoted to a
stationary center (preferably one of arms 22) in a manner to cause a pawl 33 to
pass back and drop in behind the next following tooth of a ratchet-wheel 34,
rigidly secured to and forming part of disk 13. This pawl is held in contact by a
spring 35 and carried on an arm 36, also swinging from a stationary center and
connected to lever 32 by a link 37.
The number of teeth on the ratchet-wheel corresponds with the number of the
graduations on ring 12 and the contact between one of the lugs 31 and the end of

page_text: lever 32 is so limited that when the former has passed and released the latter to
enable a spring 38 to restore it again to its normal position, pushing also pawl 33
ahead with it, said pawl advances the ratchet-wheel only one tooth, which is
equivalent to an advance of disk 13, to which it is secured past ring 12 equal to
one graduation on the latter.
39 is a supporting guide for the free end of lever 32, and 40 is a spring-pressed
stop-pawl swinging on a stationary center and holding the ratchet-wheel and with
it disk 13 to the position to which they have been advanced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said, inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
•claim is :
1. In an adding-machine, a top or face provided with graduations and numbers
for adding and with numbers showing added results, a swinging pointer pivoted in
the center of this face, a frame 8, on which this latter is supported, such frame
also forming a casing to inclose the actuating mechanism, a flange 9 below this
casing, being higher on one side to cause the numbered face to assume an inclined
position.
2. In an adding-machine, the combination of two stationary rings 10 and 12,
one graduated and provided with the numbers to be selected from for adding,
such numbers arranged in tens and units, the other ring graduated and numbered
to indicate hundreds, a rotatable ring 11, to add and indicate at a predetermined
position the added numbers selected on ring 10, a rotatable disk 13 provided with
an index-mark to add and indicate on ring 12 the added hundreds and means to
operate the rotating parts.
3. In an adding-machine, the combination of two stationary rings 10 and 12,
one graduated and provided with numbers to be used for adding and arranged in
units and tens, the other ring graduated and numbered to show hundreds, a
rotatable ring 11, provided with teeth and numbers arranged in tens and units to
be used for showing added results, a rotatable disk 13, provided with an index-
mark to add and indicate by its position with reference to ring 12 the added
hundreds, a swinging pointer to rotate ring 11, a stop adapted to arrest the
motion of the pointer when so rotating ring 11, whereupon this latter by the
position of one of its numbers with reference to said stop, indicates the added
result by units and tens and mechanism operated by ring 11, whereby disk 13 is
automatically advanced one graduation past on ring 12 for every hundred added
by ring 11.
4. In an adding-machine, the combination of two stationary rings 10 and 12,
one graduated and provided with numbers arranged in units and tens and to be
used for adding, the other ring graduated and numbered to show hundreds, a
rotatable ring 11, provided with teeth and numbers arranged in units and tens to
be used for showing added results, a rotatable disk 13, provided with an index-
mark to add and indicate by its position with reference to ring 12, the added
hundreds, a swinging pointer to rotate ring 11, a stop adapted to arrest its motion
when so rotating ring 11, whereupon this latter by its position with reference to
said stop, indicates with one of its numbers the added result, a spring-resisted
pin 20, carried by the pointer and a stud 19 on disk 13, adapted to be engaged by
pin 20 when the same is depressed, such engagement enabling the rotation of
disk 13 for the purpose of adding hundreds and indicating them on ring 12.
5. In an adding-machine, the combination of two stationary rings 10 and 12,
one graduated and provided with numbers arranged in units and tens and to be used
for adding, the other ring graduated and numbered to show hundreds, a rotatable
disk 13, provided with an index-mark to add and indicate by its position with
reference to ring 12, the added hundreds, a swinging pointer to rotate ring 11,
a stop adapted to arrest its motion when so rotating ring 11, whereupon this
latter by its position with reference to said stop indicates with one of its numbers
the added result, a projection 31 on ring 11, a lever 32, swinging on a stationary

page_text: center and its free end located in the path of projection 31, a pawl 33 operatively
connected to lever 32, a ratchet-wheel 34 with which it is in engagement and
which forms a part of disk 13, a spring 38, opposing the action of projection 31
on lever 32 and restoring the latter to its normal position, thereby also causing
pawl 33 to move the ratchet-wheel and advancing disk 13 with it past on
ring 12.
6. An adding-machine having a graduated and numbered working face, cou--
sisting of concentric rings and surfaces, all flush with each other and arranged
as follows At the outside a stationary ring 10, graduated and containing in
units and tens the numbers to be added, a rotatable ring 11 next to it, provided
with numbers indicating the added result by its position with reference to.
ring 10, a stationary ring 12 next to ring 11, graduated and numbered to in licate
hundreds, a rotatable disk 13, with an index-mark, inside of ring 12, indicating
by the position of said mark with reference to ring 12, the added hundreds and
means to operate the rotatable parts.
7. In an adding-machine, the combination of an inclosing casing 8, a supporting
frame therein consisting of a centrally affixed hub with radial arms 22, a ring 12
fixedly secured to these arms and recessed at both its upper edges, a ring 11,
supported on ring 12, in the outer recess thereof and capable of rotation thereon,
a rotatory disk 13, also supported on ring 12, but on the inner recess thereof and
means to confine the parts supported on ring 12 to their position within their
respective recesses on ring 12.
8. In an adding-machine having stationary and rotary parts graduated and
numbered for adding numbers and for indicating added results, a pin 28, loosely
supported in a central bearing on said machine and capable of a limited longi-
tudinal movement therein, a pointer 14 swinging on said pin and held in position
thereon by the head of the latter and having its pivoted end slightly reduced,
a spring 29, acting on the lower end of pin 28 and normally drawing the head
of the latter against the reduced inner end of the pointer for the purpose of
tilting up the outer end of the same.
9. In an adding-machine, the combination of an inclosing casing 8, a ring 12-
fixedly supported therein and recessed at both its upper corners, a rotatory
ring 11 supported in the outer recess thereof and confined therein by lugs 25,
a rotatory disk 13, supported in the inner recess of ring 12 a hollow sleeve 27
secured to casing 8 and provided with a flange 26 for holding disk 13 to its
position on ring 12, a pin 28 confined within the hollow sleeve 27 and a pointer-
pivotally supported on pin 28.
Dated this and dose of Santambor 1906