IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hazard Huntly, of No. 50, Upper Baker
Street, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE
TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY."
Sealed the 27th February 1863, and dated the 6th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hazard Huntly
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th September 1862.
I, SAMUEL HAZARD HUNTLY, of No. 50, Upper Baker Street, Regent's Park,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS, MORE
APPLICABLE TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the construction of a cooking apparatus
arranged in the most compact manner possible whilst the heat from the firo
shall be at the same time economized to a very great extent. For this
purpose I construct a casing of wrought or cast-iron, in the lower part of
which I form the fire-grate, suitable fire-doors and openings into the ash-pit
being for this purpose provided in front of the casing. Above the fire-grate
inside the casing I fix to either side of the same a boiler or boilers, which
are so formed with sloping sides as to meet in the middle of the casing over

page_text: the fire-grate and yet to leave a space above between them. The bottom
surfaces of the boilers are also made to incline down from the point of meeting
over the middle of the fire-grate towards either side of the same, and thus form
the fluo through which the flames from the fire pass. Over the top of tho
boilers I fix an oven or ovens of a somewhat less total width than the before-
mentioned casing containing the boilers, so that the top surfaces of the boilers
project out on either side beyond the oven or ovens. In these top surfaces of the
boilers I form openings provided with suitable covers for filling into the boilers
and taking therefrom the materials required to be or having been cooked in
them. The flue from the fire-place, after having passed along underneath the
boilers, rises up at the back end of the same to the back of the oven, where it
divides and is led forward on either side of the oven; in front these two flues
pass up and unite in one flue over the top of the oven, which flue runs back
again and communicates with the chimney. The oven is by this means
almost entirely surrounded by the hot gases coming from the fire and is
thereby rendered very effective. The space formed between the boilers above
the fire-grate and beneath the bottom of the oven may be utilized by being
made to contain a coffee roaster.
When I arrange the above-described apparatus as a field cooking apparatus
for the use of the army attach two hind wheels to the sides of the casing and
to the back of the same (the end opposite that containing the doors to the
fire-grate and oven) I attach a box with doors serving as a store, on which is
also formed the seat for the driver. The front wheels and the shafts are
attached to the apparatus by means of a pivot underneath the store box in a
similar manner to the arrangement of ordinary military train waggons. When
applied for the above purpose the casing of the apparatus may be covered with
felt and wood to prevent as much as possible the loss of heat from radiation.
In some cases I arrange a separate fire-place under each boiler with a separate
flue to each, both flues meeting and passing round the oven, so that one boiler
may be heated alone in case of the other not being required. When used in
camp the wheels may be removed from the apparatus, and it may be supported
on brick piers or mounds of turf.
When my improved apparatus is employed for barrack purposes, I surround
the casing with brickwork so as to prevent the loss of heat from radiation,
and in such cases I sometimes combine two or more such apparatuses
together.
When 1 adapt the apparatus for use on board ship, I attach to the back of
the same an open fire-place with a "hot plate," the flue from the fire-place
being led into the same chimney as that for the boilers and ovens.
This

page_text: apparatus is intended by its compact form to be particularly adapted for the
requirements of the army and navy, but I in no way limit its application to
those purposes only.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Hazard Huntly in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HAZARD HUNTLY, of No. 50, Upper Baker Street, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Samuel Hasard Huntly, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel
Hazard Huntly, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Samuel Hazard Huntly, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN COOKING APPARATUS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE
REQUIREMENTS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Samuel Hazard Huntly, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Samuel Hazard Huntly, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention has for its object the construction of a cooking apparatus
arranged in the most compact manner possible, whilst the heat from the fire
shall be at the same time economized to a very great extent. For this

page_text: purpose I construct a casing of wrought or cast iron, in the lower part of
which I form the fire-grate, suitable fire-doors and openings into the ash-pit
being for this purpose provided in front of the casing. Above the fire-grate,
inside the casing, I fix to either side of the same a boiler or boilers, which are
so formed with sloping sides as to meet in the middle of the casing over the
fire-grate, and yet to leave a space above between them. The bottom surfaces
of the boilers are also made to incline down from the point of meeting over the
middle of the fire-grate, towards either side of the same, and thus form the
flue through which the flames from the fire pass. Over the top of the boilers
I fix an oven or ovens of a somewhat less total width than the before-mentioned
casing containing the boilers, which project out on either side beyond the oven
or ovens. In these top surfaces of the boilers I form openings provided with
suitable covers, for filling into the boilers and taking therefrom the materials
required to be or having been cooked in them. The flue from the fire-place,
after having passed along underneath the boilers, rises up at the back end of
the same to the back of the oven, where it divides and is led forward on either
side of the oven; in front these two flues pass up and unite in one flue over
the top of the oven, which fluo runs back again and communicates with the
chimney. The oven is by this means almost entirely surrounded by the hot
gases coming from the fire, and is thereby rendered very effective. The space
formed between the boilers above the fire-grate and beneath the bottom of
the oven inay be utilized by being made to contain a coffee roaster.
When I arrange the above-described apparatus as a field cooking apparatus
for the use of the army, I attach two hind wheels to the sides of the casing,
and to the front of the same (the end opposite that containing the doors of the
fire-grate and oven), I attach a box with doors, serving as a store, on which is
also formed the seat for the driver. The front wheels and the shafts are
attached to the apparatus by means of a pivot underneath the store box, in a
similar manner to the arrangement of ordinary military train waggons. When
applied for the above purpose, the casing of the apparatus may be covered
with felt and wood, to prevent as much as possible the loss of heat from
radiation. In some cases I arrange a separate fire-place under each boiler,
with a separate flue to each, both flues meeting and passing round the oven,
so that one boiler may be heated alone in case of the other not being required.
When used in camp, the wheels may be removed from the apparatus, and it
may be supported on brick piers or mounds of turf.
When my improved apparatus is employed for barrack purposes, I surround
the casing with brickwork, so as to prevent the loss of heat from radiation, and
in such cases I sometimes combine two or more such apparatuses together.

page_text: When I adapt the apparatus for use on board ship, I attach to the back of
the same a "hot plate," the flue from the fire-place being led into the same
chimney as that for the boilers and ovens. This apparatus is intended by its
compact form to be particularly adapted to the requirements of the army and
navy, but I in no way limit its application to those purposes only.
Figures 1 to 4 on the accompanying Drawing, shew the construction of my
improved cooking apparatus as applied to field service; Figure 1 shews a sido
elevation; Figure 2 shews an end elevation; Figure 3 shews a longitudinal
section through the middle; and Figure 4 shews a transverse section on
line X, X, Figure 3; the same letters of reference refer to similar parts in all
the Figures.
A is the external casing of cast or wrought iron, which may or may not be
covered externally with felt and wood. B is the fire-grate, which is here shown
carried by the bottom of the casing itself, an ash-pit being in this case dispensed
with; 6 is the fire-door. Above the fire-grate are fixed, to either side of the
casing, the boilers, C, C, C',C', nearly meeting in the centre, but leaving sufficient
room for the heat to rise up into the space containing the removable coffee-
roaster D, from which space, however, there is no communication with the
chimnoy; E is an oven fixed between the boilers C, C', so that the upper
surfaces of these latter project on either side of the same, which surfaces are
provided with lids c, c, c', c', for filling in and removing materials from the
boilers. The oven E is accessible through doors e, e, at the back of the
apparatus; between the sides and top of the oven, and the external casing A
are formed flues F, F, G; the flue G being separated from F, F', by means of
partitions g, g', in the back end of which openings H are formed, as shown in
Figure 3, through which the flues intercommunicate. At the front end, the
flue G communicates with the funnel I. The draught from the fire-grate
is by this arrangement caused to pass first along underneath the boilers
C, C, C, C, to the front end, where it rises up behind the ends of the boilers
and oven, entering the flues F, F. In these it passes along the sides of the
oven to the back end of the same, and then rises up through the openings H
into the flue G, where it again passes forward along the top of the oven, and
then escapes into the funnel I, as indicated by the arrows. From this
arrangement it will be seen that the heat from the furnace is utilized in the
most perfect possible manner, whilst the apparatus is rendered exceedingly
compact. The bottom of the casing A on either side of the fire-grate, is lined
with fire-clay, to prevent it from being burnt through. In front of the
apparatus is fixed the store box J, for fuel, &c. The seat K for the driver,
the shafts L, and front wheels M, M, aro attached to the box J, by means of,

page_text: a pivot j, in the usual manner employed for military train waggons. The hind
wheels N, N, are connected to the apparatus by means of a bent axle O, upon
which the casing A rests, with or without the intervention of springs. P, P,
are rails for the convenience of hanging things up to dry.
Figures 5 to 9 shew the construction of my improved cooking apparatus as
applied by preference on board ship, in combination with a "hot plate."
Figure 5 shews a front elevation; Figure 6 shows a back elevation; Figure 7
shews a plan; Figure 8 shews a transverse section on line V, V, Figure 9 ;
and Figure 9 shews a longitudinal section on line Y, Y, Figure 8. The
principal difference between this arrangement and the first described one
consists in the boilers being placed farther apart, so as to admit of a greater
number of ovens being fixed between them, and in the combination of a "hot
plate" and open fire-grate with the apparatus.
A is the casing of wrought or cast iron; B is the furnace; 6 is the furnace
door; C, C, C', C', are the boilers, of which there are two on either side,
those C', C', being of a less capacity than the front ones, so as to be more
suitable for cooking smaller quantities of food. Each boiler is provided with a
large cock c, c, c¹, c', for drawing off the contents, and also with a lid c, c, c, c³,
on the top surface. The space between the boilers above the furnace is closed
in by the arched plate D, which may be coated with fire-clay. Above this
plate two ovens E, E, are placed in a space between the boilers, and above
these, two more ovens E', E', are fixed.
Instead of lining the casing with fire-brick on either side of the furnace, as
in the first-described arrangement, two more ovens J, J', may be provided
underneath the boilers, as shown, in order to utilize the heat as much as
possible; but I do not claim the employment of these two ovens as forming
part of my Invention comprised in the present Letters Patent.
The draught from the furnace B first passes to either side underneath the
boilers C, C, C, C³, and over the ovens J, J', to the back end, where it passes
through the apertures f,f¹, into the flues F, F, at the back of the boilers C, C',
as shown in dotted lines in Figures 8 and 9; thence the draught rises through
apertures 9, 9', into the flues G, G₁, formed between the sides of the boilers
and the sides of the lower ovens E, E; in these flues the draught travels
forward and passes through the apertures h, h¹, into the flue II, between the
top surfaces of the ovens E, E, and the bottom surfaces of the ovens E¹, E'; here
the draught again travels to the back end of the apparatus, and rises through
the apertures i, i¹, into the flues I, I', which again lead it forward, and whence
it passes through the openings k, k', into the flue K, conducting it into the
chimney I, as indicated by the arrows. The openings k, k, are provided with

page_text: dampers or sliding valves M, M', as shewn in Figures 5 and 9, for regulating
the draught and shutting it off at pleasure; e, e, e¹, e¹, j, j³, are the doors to the
ovens E, E, E', E, J, J'. Soot hole doors are provided, as shewn in Figure 5,
to gain access to all the flues.
It will be seen from the above description that the heat from the furnace
has most perfect access to almost all such surfaces of the boilers and ovens
that require to be heated. The bottom surfaces of the ovens E, E, receive
radiated heat from the furnace through the arched plate D.
In some cases where the circuitous arrangement of the flues as before
described would impede the draught from the furnace to too great an extent,
I arrange the flues so that the draught passes more directly into the chimney,
making some of the flues above described merely spaces into which the heat
passes by radiation. To the back end of the apparatus is attached an
ordinary "hot plato" N, with open fire-place provided with doors O, O, and
having also two ovens P,P¹, on either side of the fire-place, round which ovens
the draught passes in the usual manner, and escapes through the flue Q into
the chimney of the cooking apparatus. I sometimes dispense with the hot plate
and ovens, and combine simply an open fire for cooking or boiling with the
before described apparatus. In some cases I arrange the cooking apparatus
with a separate furnace to each set of boilers and ovens as shewn in transverse
section at Figure 10, so that when required one half of the apparatus may be
made use of without heating the other half. A is the casing; B, B', are the
fire-grates; C, C³, are the boilers; D is a large oven placed between the two fire-
grates and heated by both fires; E', E', E', E', are the ovens as in the before
described arrangement. A division plate F passes up from the top of the
oven D between the ovens E' and E, E and E, to the top of the casing A,
so that the fire at B heats the boiler C and the ovens D, E, E³, whilst the
fire at B', heats the boiler C, and the ovens D, E, E'; the draught passes
from the fire-grate B underneath the boiler C and over the top of the
oven D, through the aperture g', into a flue at the back of the oven Es, and
thence through the aperture A¹, into the flue H, in which it travels forward
and rises through an aperture not shewn in the division plate I', into the
flue J', which conducts it to the back end again, where it escapes through the
aperture , into the chimney. In the same manner the draught from the
fire at B passes into the flues H and J, and into the chimney through the
apertures g, h, and j.
In employing my improved cooking apparatus for barrack purposes, or in
buildings generally, I prefer to dispense with the outer metal casing A in the

page_text: before described arrangements, and substitute a casing of brick work, so as
more effectually to prevent the loss of heat from radiation.
Figures 11 and 12, show an arrangement which I employ for barrack
purposes; Figure 11 shows a transverse section, and Figure 12 shews a part
plan and part sectional plan on line Z, Z, Figure 11; A, A, is the brickwork
casing; B is the furnace; C, C', are the boilers which may in this case be of
the form at present employed; D is the oven. Tho draught passes from the
furnace B through the apertures E, E', into the spaces F, F, underneath the
boilers whence it rises through the apertures G, G', into the flues H, H¹,
passing round the sides of the boiler, the draught being caused to travel in the
direction shown by the arrows by the brick partitions I, I'. After thus heating
the sides of both the boilers and the oven, the draught passes up through the
apertures J, J', into the flues K, K³, on the top of the oven where it is led forward
and finally escapes through the apertures into the flue L conducting to the
chimney M. Figures 13 and 14 shew an arrangement similar to that just
described, with the exception that each boiler is provided with a separate furnace;
Figure 13 shews a transverse section, and Figure 14 shews a part plan and part
sectional plan on line W, W, Figure 18. A, A, is the brickwork casing; B, B',
are the furnaces placed respectively immediately beneath the boilers C, C' ; D is
the oven placed between the two boilers. The draught rises up through the
apertures G, G¹, into the flues H, H', and is there caused to travel in the
direction indicated by the arrows, by the brickwork partitions I, 1'; it then
passes up at the back of the oven and through the apertures J, J', into the
flues K, K¹, whence it escapes through apertures 1, 1, into the flues L, I^,
leading separately to the chimney M. Spaces O, O', are formed underneath
the oven to allow of the access of heat from the furnace. Instead of only one
boiler being placed on either side of the oven, two or more may be employed
and two or more ovens may be placed between them instead of only one as
shewn.
By the above described arrangement one boiler and the oven may be
made use of without heating the other boiler.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim is,-
Firstly, the construction of cooking apparatus having two or more boilers,
and one or more ovens placed between the boilers, and in which both the
boilers and the oven or ovens are heated by the same fire or fires, substantially
as herein-before described with reference to the accompanying Drawing.
Also the combination of such apparatus with a "hot plate," or open fire for
roasting and boiling.

page_text: Secondly, the construction of cooking apparatus in which two or more
boilers are fixed inside a casing and an oven or ovens above and between the
boilers, access being gained to the boilers on either side of the oven or ovens,
and in which the draught from the fire or fires is caused first to pass along the
bottom surfaces of the boilers, and then to circulate over the greater part of
the surfaces of the oven or ovens on its way to the chimney, substantially as
hercin-before described with reference to the accompanying Drawing. Also
the adaptation of such apparatus to field purposes by affixing a store box,
wheels, and shafts to the same as herein-before described with reference to
Figures 1 to 4 on the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hazard Huntly, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
SAMUEL HAZARD HUNTLY. (L.B.)