Improvements in and relating to Evaporating Apparatus.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 29th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 25th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 30th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Evaporating Apparatus.
I, ROBERT HARVEY of the firm of M'Onie, Harvey and Company, Engineers,
Scotland Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention to be as follows:
This invention has reference to and comprises certain improvements in the con-
struction of evaporating apparatus, or in the construction and arrangement or
combination of the parts, specially applicable to that class known as triple or
multiple effects of the character in which the evaporating and heating vessels are
placed vertically side by side at some distance apart but connected by the
evaporating and heating steam or vapour pipes between them, and in which the
sugar-juice or other liquid to be evaporated is passed through vertical tubes secured
in the пррег and lower end tube plates of their steam or vapour heating vessels or
calandria," placed or fitted at the lower part of the evaporating vessel, from the
of the next
top of which the vapour is drawn off and led down to the "calandria
evaporator successively in series, and from the last vessel to the vacuum condenser;
In this
each vessel having a return liquid chamber space under the "calandria.'
triple effect"
or multiple effect series the vessels all boil under a vacuum or
partial vacuum, the vacuum being greatest in the vessels nearest the condenser;
and exhaust steam or live steam is fed into the "calandria" of the first vessel to
heat it.
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"
The improvements are for the purpose of giving greater or more efficient heating
effect, and a greater or more active circulation of the liquid or juice through
the heating tubes and vessels, and generally to simplify the construction of such
evaporators.
"
"
A first improvement consists in forming very wide branches near the upper and
lower parts of the calandria or heating vessel expanding wide out into a
segmental chamber round the one side of the shell or body of the "calandria
with ports formed through the shell at the outer extremities and intermediate
spaces, so as to distribute or spread the heating steam or vapour entering at these
branches round the whole one side or third of the circumference of the "calandria
to act on the outer circumference of the heating tubes within the vessel, leaving
out two or more of the rows of the tubes radially or towards the back to lead the
heating steam or vapour more direct into the whole stack of tubes to heat those at
the back. A further improvement consists in forming a vertical division or web
in this heating chamber, preferably cast out of the solid in one with the shell of the
vessel, so as to separate off a section or sector of this vessel at the opposite side
from which the heating steam or vapour enters, and in forming a flange at the
upper and lower end of this division web in the plane of the end flanges for jointing
the end tube plates between this heating vessel, and the upper evaporating vessel
and lower circulating end vessel to close in the heating vessel up to the said division
web, all so as to make this back separated off division chamber in the heating
vessel an enlarged down or return current duct for the liquid from above the upper
tube plate to the chamber below the under tube plate, and so cause a greater
circulation of the liquids upwards through the heating tubes in consequence of the
freer down current. The bottom of the circulating chamber is formed deeper at
the side below this return duct to allow of the unchecked flow of the liquid down-
wards and is sloped upwards towards the opposite side to assist the passage of the
juice upwards through the heating tubes. In this new construction and arrange-
ment it is preferred to feed the liquid to be evaporated in at the one side of the
lower chamber of the first vessel and draw the liquid off from this vessel by a

page_text: branch at the centre leading it to the side branch of the next vessel in succession,
to the last vessel from which it would be drawn off to a syrup or liquor pump.
Each of these liquid pipes or branches would be fitted with a controlling tap or
cock, the increasing vacuum in the vessels drawing the liquid through these branches
and cocks.
In addition to the glasses usually fitted in the upper evaporating vessel, a gauge
glass and cocks would be fitted between the upper evaporating chamber and the
sectional liquid return chamber to see the height of the liquid being treated within
'the vessel at any time, and the usual glass and taps would be fitted in the steam or
vapour heating vessel to show that the condensed water was being always drained
off and that the steam traps were working properly. The expanding branches of
the "calandria" for admitting the live or exhaust steam for heating the first
evaporator might be fitted with sluice or other valves to regulate the amount of
steam passed in at these branches, and the vapour or steam of evaporation from
the top of the evaporating vessel would be led down through a stand pipe to double
branches at its lower end leading into the spreading out branches at the upper
and lower ends of the "calandria of the next vessel and so on throughout the
whole set.
Tubes and taps would also be fitted on these vessels and evaporating chambers
for drawing off the air and permanent gases from time to time as required to the
condenser.
Dated the 27th June 1801
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Evaporating Apparatus.
I, ROBERT HARVEY of the firm of McQuie, Harvey and Company Engineers,
Scotland Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, that is to say :-
This invention has reference to and comprises certain improvements in the con-
struction of evaporating apparatus, or in the construction and arrangement or
combination of the parts, specially applicable to that class known as triple or
multiple effects of the character in which the evaporating and heating vessels are
placed vertically side by side at some distance apart, but connected by the
evaporating and heating steam or vapour pipes between them, and in which the
sugar-juice or other liquid to be evaporated is passed through vertical tubes secured
in the upper and lower end tube plates of their steam or vapour heating vessels or
"calandria" placed or fitted at the lower part of the evaporating vessel, from the
top of which the vapour is drawn off and led down to the "calandria" of the next
evaporator successively in series and from the last vessel to the vacuum condenser ;
each vessel having a return liquid chamber space under the "calandria." In this
triple effect or multiple effect series, the vessels all boil under a vacuum or partial
vacuum, the vacuum being greatest in the vessels nearest the condenser; and
exhaust steam or live steam is fed into the "calandria" of the first vessel to heat
it. The improvements are for the purpose of giving greater or more efficient
heating effect, and a greater or more active circulation of the liquid or juice
through the heating tubes and vessels, and generally to simplify the construction of
such evaporators.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing of carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the first of a series of evaporating vessels
working multiple effect as constructed in accordance with my improvements.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the tubes of the heating vessel or
calandria as taken on the lines 1-1 and 2-2 Figure 1.
7:
Figure 3 is a detached plan view broken away to an enlarged scale of the inlet
branch chamber B³ to the heating vessel A of the second or succeeding vessel of
the series. And
and
Figures 4 and 5 are a sectional elevation broken away and plan view respectively,
Figure 6 a horizontal section of modified constructions of the heating vessel in
accordance with my improvements.
Referring to these drawings.-A first improvement consists in forming very wide
branches a, a', near the upper and lower parts of the calandria or heating
vessel A expanding wide out into a chamber or recess a either tangentially as
shown in sharp lines or segmentally as shown in dotted lines at a round the one
side of the shell or body of the "calandria" with ports a" formed through the
shell at the outer extremities and intermediate spaces, so as to distribute or spread
the heating steam or vapour entering at these branches a al all round the whole
one side or about one third of the circumference of the "calandria" A, to act on
the outer circumference of the heating tubes A' within the vessel A, leaving out as
at A some of the rows of the tubes A radially or towards the centre or back to
lead the heating steam or vapour more direct into the whole set or stack of tubes A¹
to heat those at the back.
A further improvement consists in forming a vertical division or web b in this
heating chamber A, preferably cast out of the solid in one with the shell of the
vessel, so as to separate off a section or sections of this vessel A. at the opposite
side from which the heating steam or vapour enters at a a', and in forming a
flange at the upper and lower ends of this division web in the plane of the
end flanges for jointing the end tube plate B, B", between this heating vessel A,
and the upper evaporating vessel B and lower circulating end vessel C to close in
the heating vessel A. up to the said division web b, all so as to make this back
separated off division chamber in the heating vessel A an enlarged down or
return current duct which may be of a sector shape as in Figure 2, or with angled
corners as dotted in at in Figure 1, for the flow of the liquid from above the
upper tube plate B to the chamber C below the under tube plate B", and so cause
a greater circulation of the liquid upwards through the heating tubes A¹ in
consequence of the freer down current, the direction of flow of the current of liquid
being indicated by the arrows in Figure 1. Instead of the partition chamber b, b³,
being formed inside the shell of the heating vessel A, it may as shown in Figures 4
and 5 be made as a separate vessel outside the main heating vessel A, and be of
cylindrical shape with branch connections 6", 111, connected with the upper and
lower chambers BC respectively as shown, or of other polygonal shape. Or as
shown in Figure 6 the vessel 62 may form a chamber with a D or other shaped
wall bolted to the main heating vessel A, which has a flat side b cast or formed
on it, or alternatively this flat side may be cast or formed on the auxiliary
vessel. The bottom of the circulating chamber C is formed deeper at C¹ as
shown in Figure 1 at the side below this return duct 62 to allow of the unchecked.
flow of the liquid downwards and is sloped upwards at C2 towards the opposite side
to assist the passage of the juice upwards through the heating tubes A¹. In this
new construction and arrangement it is preferred as shown in Figure 1 to feed the
liquid to be evaporated in at C at the one side of the lower chamber of the
first vessel and draw the liquid off from this vessel by a branch C³ at the centre
leading it to the side branch of the next vessel in succession, to the last vessel from
which it would be drawn off to a syrup or liquor pump in a usual manner. Each
of the liquid conveying pipes or branches would be fitted with a usual controlling
top or cock, the increasing vacuum in the vessels drawing the liquid through these
branches and cocks. The expanding branches a a¹, a" a², of the "calandria" for

page_text: admitting the live or exhaust steam for heating the first evaporator A might be
fitted with ordinary constructions of sluice or other valves to regulate the amount
of steam passed in at these branches, and the vapour or steam of evaporation from
the top of the evaporating vessel B would be led down as indicated by the darts in
Figure through a usual stand pipe B2 to double branches a a' at its lower end
leading into the spreading out ports and branches a, a, at the upper and lower
ends of the "calandria " A, of the next vessel and so on throughout the
whole set.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is,
First. The construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of
evaporating vessels with steam or vapour heating, and distributing branches,
chambers and ports, and juice or liquid circulating chambers substantially as and
in the improved manner herein described in reference to and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
Second. In evaporating apparatus the construction and arrangement of steam or
vapour inlet branches and segmental distributing chamber and ports round the
heating vessel or calandria," substantially as and in the improved manner herein
described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
<<
Third. In evaporating apparatus the construction and arrangement of a
partitioned chamber or separate auxiliary vessel in combination with the heating
vessel or "calandria" for acting as a return current circulator of the juice or
liquid being evaporated, substantially as herein described in reference to and by
way of application shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 23rd March 1892.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.