Improvements in the Manufacture of Solid Drawn Metallic Cart- ridge Cases and other Solid Drawn Metallic Tubular Articles having One End Closed or Partially Closed and in Tools or Apparatus Employed in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Sept., 1887
Complete Accepted, 1st Nov., 1887
Improvements in the Manufacture of Solid Drawn Metallic Cart-
ridge Cases and other Solid Drawn Metallic Tubular Articles
having One End Closed or Partially Closed and in Tools or
Apparatus Employed in the said Manufacture.
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
-
My invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of metallic cartridge cases
but is also applicable to the manufacture of other metallic tubular articles closed or
nearly closed at one end.
I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases.
In making metallic cartridge cases according to my invention I cast the metal or
alloy from which they are to be made in the form of a hollow cylinder or tube similar
to the hollow ingots employed in making seamless metallic tubes I draw the case
hollow cylinder or tube by the ordinary drawing process and apparatus so as to reduce the
thickness of the metal and to subject it to an amount of drawing about equal to that
the metal is exposed to in the ordinary method of manufacture.
I cut the tube so made into lengths each length being sufficient to form two
cartridge cases. I taper each end of the length of tubing the said tapering being
external and effected by turning rolling or drawing. When the cartridge case to be
made is required to have great thickness of metal at the centre of the base for the

page_text: formation of a deep percussion cap chamber or for other purposes I dispense with the
suid tapering.
I place the tube in a cylindrical die having the same internal diameter as the
exterior of the tube the bottom of the die having the cup like figure to be given to
the end of the tube. A cylindrical hardened steel plug having the diameter of the
interior of the tube and having its ends of the shape it is desired to give to the end of
the tube is placed in the tube. The said plug is of a length somewhat greater than
the length of the two cups to be made. A hollow steel punch or die similar to the
cylindrical die described is placed upon the tube in the cylindrical die and forced
down by means of a press or otherwise. By this means both ends of the tube are
contracted or closed or partially closed and are made into a cup like shape. On
removing the tube and the enclosed steel plug from the dies the tube is divided at its
middle. Two cups closed or nearly closed at bottom are thus formed and the steel
plug is liberated. By closing or contracting the ends of the tube in the manner
described the molecules of the metal in the bottoms of the cups are arranged or
disposed radially and the heads of the finished cartridge cases have a strength
unattainable by the ordinary method of manufacture.
The cast and drawn tube may be cut into lengths suitable for the manufacture from
each of a single cartridge case. The steel plug described is in this case not required
a steel punch having a shoulder being employed to force the tube into the cylindrical
die and to close and fashion the closed end of the tube.
In making the said cups I prefer to leave a small hole in the middle of the bottom
of the cup. In converting the said cups into cartridge cases the metal in the heading
process converges into and fills or nearly fills the said hole and the metal of the head
is less disturbed than when no such hole is left and lighter heading machinery may be
employed than where no such space for the metal under pressure to pass into is
provided.
In some cases I draw the tubing from which the cups are made much thinner than
is practicable when the cups are made from discs cut from sheet metal.
In this way
one or more drawing through processes are saved. The cups made in the way
described are drawn and made into finished cartridge cases in the ordinary way.
Cups with a central hole to be made into cartridge cases may be made by the
casting process. In such case I subject the cast cups to pressure by means of dies and
punches and thereby not only consolidate and toughen the metal but also reduce its
thickness.
Where during the heading process the central hole has been closed by the
convergence of the metal into it the required hole may be remade by drilling or
punching.
My improvements in tools or apparatus employed in the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases and other like tubular articles have reference to the drawing through
dies employed in the said manufacture and consist in making the said dies of the
figure of a hoop or ring. In making the said dies or tools I take rings of cast steel
or short lengths of steel tubing and forge them by means of dies and percussion or
pressure so as to consolidate the steel and also bring the said rings or short lengths of
tubing nearly into their finished shape. After the removal of any fins which may be
made by the stamping or pressing process the rings are rimered or bored internally to
the required size and after hardening and tempering are ready for use.
When worn
the said rings or hoops may be heated and closed to the required size by another pair
of tools and after riniering or boring and hardening and tempering are again ready
for use.
The drawing rings or hoops made as described are fixed for use in a tubular holder
consisting of two parts. In the lower part is a shoulder suitably shaped for the
underside of the ring to embed itself upon. The ring having been placed in the
lower part of the holder or washer (the underside of which is suitably shaped to fit
upon the upper side of the ring) is placed upon the said ring and the upper part of the
die is screwed into the lower part thus firmly fixing the ring in its place. The

page_text: underside of the ring die may be so shaped as to cause it to strip the drawn case from
off the punch or a washer die or a pair of semi circulars strippers under the die holder
may be used for that purpose.
Two or more ring dies may be employed in which cases the die holder consists of
several pieces packing or filling pieces being placed between contiguous rings. The
rings are of progressively diminishing diameter so that the drawing is divided
among them.
In place of the die holder described a holder resembling the jawed chuck of a lathe
he employed the jaws having the shape of the exterior of the die and screwed
tightly upon it. The jaws are opened and closed by means of a scroll as in a lathe
may
chuck.
Dated this Twenty fifth day of January 1987
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: ridge Cases and other Solid Drawn Metallic Tubular Articles
having One End Closed or Partially Closed and in Tools or
Apparatus Employed in the said Manufacture.
1 THOMAS RICHARD BAYLISS of Belmont, Northfield in the County of Worcester,
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of metallic cartridge cases
but is also applicable to the manufacture of other metallic tubular articles closed or
nearly closed at one end.
1 will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases.
In making metallic cartridge cases according to my invention I cast the metal or
alloy from which they are to be made in the form of a hollow cylinder or tube similar
to the hollow ingots employed in making seamless metallic tubes. I draw the cast
hollow cylinder or tube by the ordinary drawing process and apparatus so as to reduce
the thickness of the metal and to subject it to an amount of drawing about equal to
that the metal is exposed to in the ordinary method of manufacture.
I cut the tubes so made into lengths each length being sufficient to form two cart-
ridge cases. I taper each end of the length of tubing, the said tapering being external
and effected by turning, rolling or drawing. When the cartridge case to be made is
required to have great thickness of metal at the centre of the base for the formation
of a deep percussion cap chamber or for other purposes, I dispense with the said
tapering.
I place the tube in a cylindrical die having the same internal diameter as the exterior
of the tube the bottom of the die having the cup like figure to be given to the end of the
tube. A cylindrical hardened steel plug having the diameter of the interior of the tube
and having its ends of the shape it is desired to give to the end of the tube is placed
in the tube. The said plug is of a length somewhat greater than the length of the
two cups to be made. A hollow steel punch or die similar to the cylindrical die
described is placed upon the tube in the cylindrical die and forced down by means of
a press or otherwise. By this means both ends of the tube are contracted or closed or
partially closed and are made into a cup like shape. On removing the tube and the
enclosed steel plug from the dies the tube is divided at its middle. Two cups closed
or nearly closed at bottom are thus formed and the steel plug is liberated. By closing

page_text: or contracting the ends of the tube in the manner described the molecules of the metal
in the bottoms of the cups are arranged or disposed radially and the heads of the
finished cartridge cases have a strength unattainable by the ordinary method of
manufacture.
The cast and drawn tube may be cut into lengths suitable for the manufacture from
each of a single cartridge case. The steel plug described is in this case not required,
a steel punch having a shoulder being employed to force the tube into the cylindrical
die and to close and fashion the closed end of the tube.
In making the said cups I prefer to leave a small hole in the middle of the bottom
of the cup.
In converting the said cups into cartridge cases the metal in the heading
process converges into and fills or nearly fills the said hole and the metal of the head
is less disturbed than when no such hole is left and lighter heading machinery may
be employed than where no such space for the metal under pressure to pass into
is provided.
In some cases I draw the tubing from which the cups are made much thinner than
is practicable when the cups are made from discs cut from sheet metal.
In this way
one or more drawing through processes are saved. The cups made in the way
described are drawn and made into finished cartridge cases in the ordinary way.
Cups with a central hole to be made into cartridge cases may be made by the casting
process. In such case I subject the cast cups to pressure by means of dies and
punches and thereby not only consolidate and toughen the metal but also reduce
its thickness.
Where during the heading process the central hole has been closed by the con-
vergence of the metal into it the required hole may he remade by drilling or
punching.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in vertical section and Figure 2
in elevation, partly in vertical section, a cast and drawn cut off length of tubing about
to be subjected to the action of the cupping tools and Figure 3 represents a horizontal
section of the said tools and tubing taken on the line A, B Figure 1; Figures 4 and 5
represent the same views as Figures 1 and 2 after the tools have operated upon the
cast and drawn cut off length of tubing; Figure 6 represents in vertical section and
Figure 7 in elevation the double cup made by the operation of the tools, the said cup
being divided at its middle into two cups so that the internal plug can be liberated'
Figure 8 represents a modification of the tools as herein after described. Figure 9
represents in elevation and Figure 10 in section a single cup made according to my
invention and Figure 11 represents the modified upper punch used in making the
said single cup.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1 to 11.
;
a Figures 1, 2 and 3 is the cast and drawn length of cylindrical tubing each end
of the said length of tubing being tapered externally at b, b, but the said tapering
at bb may be omitted as herein before pointed out; c is the cylindrical die fixed on
the bed of the press or machine the said die c having the same internal diameter as
the exterior of the tube a. Within the tube a a cylindrical steel plug d is placed the
ends of the said plug having a nearly hemispherical figure. Working in the
cylindrical die c are two steel hollow or concave punches e and which punches are
forced inwards or in opposite directions by means of the mechanism of the press or
machine. The hollow or concave acting face of each of the steel punches e, is nearly
hemispherical and nearly corresponds with the figure of the ends of the cylindrical
steel plug d. The steel plug d having been placed in the tube a and the combined
tube and plug placed in the cylindrical die a, the two hollow or concave punches e, f
are made to approach one another and close upon the ends of the tube a situated
between them. By the action of the punches e and both ends of the tube a are
contracted or closed or partially closed upon the ends of the plug d and are made into
a cup like shape as represented in Figures 4 and 5, where the two punches e, fare
represented closed upon the ends of the tube a and plug d. It will be seen by an
examination of Figure 4 that each end of the double cup is not completely closed, a

page_text: small hole g being left in the middle of each end. The use of the said hole g in the
cup during the heading process by which the said cup is converted into a cartridge case
has herein before been pointed out.
The shaped tube or double cup having been removed from the die c it is divided at
its middle as represented at Figures 6 and 7. Two cups closed or nearly closed at
bottom are in this way formed and the steel plug d is liberated.
Instead of using two punches e, f as described and represented in Figures 1. 2. 3. 4
and 5 the lower punch may be dispensed with and the cylindrical die c be formed
with a hollow or concave bottom of the shape which it is desired to give to the end of
the tube a as represented in Figure 8. In this case the fashioned tube a and its
internal plug d are lifted from the die e by the rod or lifter i.
.
In making a single cup from a length of cast and drawn tubing, a piece of tubing
of half the length of that represented in Figures 1 and 2 is used and the upper
punch is replaced by a shouldered steel punch having a convex acting end and the
steel plug is dispensed with.
Figure 11 represents the acting end of the steel punch e used in making a single
cup and Figure 9 represents in elevation and Figure 10 in section the cup made by
the operation of the punch Figure 11. in conjunction either with the lower punch/
and cylindrical die c Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 or with the cupped shaped die c
Figure 8.
In making the single cup by the use of the modified tool described and represented
the bottom of the cup is shaped by the action of the lower punch for bottom of the
cylindrical die c Figure S and the said bottom of the cup is supported internally by
the convex end of the punch Figure 11 the shoulders k, k on the said punch forcing
the tube into the concave bottom of the die Figure S or into the concave bottom of
the punch Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
The cups made singly or in pairs by the process described and represented are made
into finished cartridge cases or other solid drawn metallic tubular articles having one
end closed or partially closed in the ordinary way.
In making cast cups with a centre hole as hereinbefore described the consolidating
and toughening of the cast cups may be effected by tools of the kind described and
represented for manufacturing cups from cast and drawn tubing but other kinds of
tools may be used.
My improvements in tools or apparatus employed in the manufacture of metallic
cartridge cases and other like tubular articles have reference to the drawing through
dies employed in the said manufacture and consist in making the said dies of the
figure of a hoop or ring. In making the said dies or tools I take rings of cast steel
or short lengths of steel tubing and forge them by means of dies and percussion or
pressure so as to consolidate the steel and also bring the said rings or short lengths
of tubing nearly into their finished shape. After the removal of any fins which may
be made by the stamping or pressing process the rings are rimered or bored internally
to the required size and after hardening and tempering are ready for use. When
worn the said rings or hoops may be heated and closed to the required size by
another pair of tools and after rimering or boring and hardening and tempering are
again ready for use.
The drawing rings or hoops made as described are fixed for use in a tubular holder
consisting of two parts. In the lower part is a shoulder suitably shaped for the
underside of the ring to embed itself upon. The ring having been placed in the
lower part of the holder, a washer or cap (the underside of which is suitably shaped
to fit upon the upper side of the ring) is placed upon the said ring and the upper
part of the die is screwed into the lower part thus firmly fixing the ring in its place.
Two or more ring dies may be employed in which cases the die holder consists of
several pieces, packing or filling pieces being placed between contiguous rings.
The rings are of progressively diminishing diameter so that the drawing is divided
among them.
Figure 12 represents in vertical section and Figure 13 in plan, a ring drawing

page_text: through die constructed according to my invention Figure 14 represents a plan of
the die with the upper half of the holder and the cup and punch removed.
l
I is the solid drawing ring or hoop constituting the acting part of the die, the said
solid ring or hoop being made in the manner hereinafter described; m is the tubular
holder in which the ring or hoop is held the said holder having in its lower part a
shoulder m² suitably shaped for the underside of the ring or hoop to embed itself
upon as represented in Figure 12. The interior of the die holder m is screwed at n
for receiving the screwed part or cap p of the die holder. The head of the cap p has
a hexagonal or angular figure for screwing it into the body part m of the holder.
screwing home the said upper part or cap p of the die holder into the body part m the
ring or hoop is gripped and held firmly between the shoulders on the two parts of
the die holder as represented in Figure 1; q is the drawing through punch used with
the die. The way in which the metal of the cup on the punch q is reduced in
thickness as it is forced through the ring die by the said punch is illustrated in
Figure 12.
By
Figure 15 represents in vertical section and Figure 16 in plan a compound ring
drawing through die made according to my invention. In this die three rings or
hoops marked respectively s, t, u of progressively diminishing internal diameter are
used and packing or filling pieces a, a, a are placed between contiguous rings or
hoops which packing or filling pieces are of progressively diminishing internal
diameter. The bottom drawing through ring or hoop u is held between the shoulder
of the die holder m and the shoulder of the bottom packing or filling piece a of
smallest internal diameter the middle drawing through ring or hoop t is held between
the shoulders of the two middle packing pieces, and the top drawing through
ring or hoops is held between the shoulders of the top packing piece a and the screw
cap by means of which screw cap screwing into the top n of the body of the
holder m the whole of the drawing through rings or hoops and their packing pieces
are bound firmly together; y is the punch on which the cup or tube to be drawn
is supported and forced through the compound die. It will be seen by an examination
of Figure 15 that the drawing operation is divided between the three rings or
hoops s, t, u, that is to say, the cup or tube is first operated upon by the top ring
or hoops; next by the middle ring or hoop t and finally by the bottom ring or
hoop of least diameter..
=
Two or more than three rings or hoops may be combined together in the way
described and represented to form a compound drawing through die.
The underside of the ring die may be so shaped as to cause it to strip the drawn
case from off the punch; or a washer die or a pair of semi circular strippers under
the die holder may be used for that purpose.
In place of the die holder described and represented, a holder resembling the
jawed chuck of a lathe may be employed, the jaws having the shape of the exterior
of the die and screwed tightly upon it. The jaws are opened and closed by means of
a scroll as in a lathe chuck.
Although I have represented the drawing through rings or hoops of the dies as
made of solid cast steel yet the said drawing through rings or hoops may be made
from lengths of steel tubing.
of
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention and
the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as my invention
Improvements in the manufacture of solid drawn metallic cartridge cases and
other solid drawn metallic tubular articles having one end closed or partially closed
and in tools or apparatus employed in the said manufacture"
First Making the cups from which the said articles are drawn from lengths of
cast and drawn tubing each length of tubing being formed either into a single cup or
into two cups by treating the said lengths of tubing substantially in the manner
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly Leaving a central hole in the bottom of the cups made according to the
method claimed in claim 1 for the metal to pass into during the heading or shaping

page_text: process by which the cup is converted into a cartridge case or similar article as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly Making cups with central holes to be made into cartridge cases and other
like articles by the casting process as herein before described.
Fourthly The tools or apparatus herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8 and 11 of the accompanying Drawings to be used in making
cups by the process of manufacture claimed in claim 1.
Fifthly The construction of drawing through dies hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 12, 13 and 14 of the accompanying Drawings; that is to say,
making the acting part of the said dies of a hoop or ring and supporting the hoop or
ring in a holder substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
Lastly Making compound drawing through dies of two three or more hoops or
rings of progressively diminishing internal diameter combined with packing or filling
pieces between contiguous hoops or rings substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 15 and 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this Twentieth day of September 1887.
THOMAS RICHARD BAYLISS.