matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BOXES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rupert Newton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1857.
I, RUPERT NEWTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Com-
mercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BOXES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the method or methods herein-after described
of constructing metallic boxes for holding fusees, and for such other purposes
as the same are or may be applicable to. In carrying my Invention into
effect, I proceed as follows:-I take a metallic tube, of the length of the box
to be made, and cut away a portion of the said tube by a plane passing in the
direction of the axis of the tube to about half the length of the said tube, and
then passing into a plane nearly at right angles to the axis of the tube. The
said tube is thus half cut away through one-half its length, one half of the
said tube being cylindrical, and the other half semi-cylindrical; I attach
circular ends to the ends of the tube, before doing which, however, I slide on
to the partially made box a piece of tubing, of half the length of the piece
originally taken, the said piece of tubing sliding tightly on the partially made
box. The ends having been secured in their places, the box is complete.
When the outer sliding tube is brought over the cut portion of the tubular
box, it closes the opening thereto, and when the said sliding tube is brought

page_text: over the uncut portion of the box, the opening into the box is uncovered.
Although I have only described my Invention as carried into effect with cylin-
drical tubing, yet tubing having an elliptical, square, or other transverse section
may be employed.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIFE-PRESERVING APPAREL, AND OTHER BUOYANT PLIANT ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Goodyear at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1857.
I, CHARLES GOODYEAR, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LIFE-PRESERVING APPAREL, AND OTHER BUOYANT
PLIANT ARTICLES," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to a novel modo of constructiong buoyant garments,
coverlets, cushions, and other articles, to be worn or used on ship-board as life
preservers, the object being to ensure the buoyancy of the article, although
one or more of the air cells should become injured. The garment or other
article I make of two thicknesses of india-rubber cloth, which I cement
together at the edges, and also at other parts of their inner surface, so as to
form air cells of a rectangular or other figure. Between these surfaces at the
parts where these cells occur I introduce coiled metal springs, through which
a tuft of wool or worsted is drawn, and then spread out to form a kind of pad
at opposite ends of the spring, and prevent it from cutting the fabrics. Or,
instead of metal springs I may use tubes of vulcanized india-rubber as an
clastic filling for the air cells. The article thus formed, if it be a garment, I
perforate at the cemented parts to make it pervious to air, and permit of a
free ventilation.
For the sake of warmth I propose to form the waterproof fabrics with a
pile on their inner surface, omitting the pile at the parts where the cement is
to be applied to form the cells.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF INGREDIENTS TO BE EMPLOYED AS A BREAKFAST POWDER OR ARTICLE OF DIET
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Kitelee, of Everett Street, Brunswick
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Surgeon and Chemist, for the
Invention of AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF INGREDIENTS TO BE EMPLOYED
AS A BREAKFAST POWDER OR ARTICLE OF DIET."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Kitelee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 21st January 1857, pursuant to the 9th section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
KITELEE, of Everett Street, Brunswick Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Surgeon and Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED COM:
BINATION OF INGREDIENTS TO BE EMPLOYED AS A BREAKFAST POWDER OR ARTICLE OF.
DIET," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and
have made solemn declaration that I verily believe myself to be the first
and true Inventor thereof:
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Thomas Kitelee, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
[Price 8d.1

page_text: describes the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in combining ground malt with ground coffee or
with ground chicory, or with both ground coffee and ground chicory,
whereby I manufacture a powder, which when boiled in water or other
suitable fluid, or mixed with boiling water or other suitable fluid, will form
a nutritious and agreeable beverage.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I reduce the malt and the coffee and
chicory to a very fine powder. I do not confine myself to any particular
proportions of the ingredients which I employ, but I prefer to adopt the
following, namely:-Two fourth parts of ground malt; one fourth part of
ground coffee; one fourth part of ground chicory; or one half of ground
malt and one half of ground coffee or chicory.
When mixed with water or other liquid, to form a beverage, the relative
proportions of liquid to the powder should be regulated by the choice or
taste of the consumer, but I prefer to mix them in the proportion of four
teaspoonsfull of my powder to one pint of boiling water.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not confine myself
to the proportions herein-before stated for carrying my Invention into effect;
but that I claim, as constituting the said Invention, the manufacture of a
breakfast powder or article of diet by combining ground malt with ground
coffee or ground chicory, or with both ground coffee and ground chicory.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-seven.
THOMAS KITELEE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SEWING OR STITCHING FABRICS TOGETHER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SEWING OR STITCHING FABRICS
TOGETHER," to be as follows:-.
The object of the Invention that has been communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent is to unite fabrics together by means of a single thread,
with which is formed a stitch that cannot be pulled out, each stitch being tied
or knotted by passing one end of the thread through a loop formed from the
same thread. In the common chain stitch, which is formed from a single
thread, the stitch is made by passing one entire loop through another loop
formed in a similar manner; by the improved plan, the single thread is carried
by a shuttle, and the fabrics are united by means of a barbed or other suitable
needle which carries the thread up and down through them. The shuttle
which carries the thread passes with the end of the thread through the loop,
thereby preventing it from being drawn out again.
The essential feature of the Invention it will be understood consists in
making a stitch with a single thread by throwing a shuttle and thread
through a loop formed from the same thread, thereby tying or knotting each
stitch for the purpose of uniting pieces of cloth or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WASHING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Biram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1857.
1, BENJAMIN BIRAM, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR WASHING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS," to be as follows:-
The coal or mineral is placed in boxes or receptacles with bottoms of wire,
cloth, or perforated metal, supported on a framework of iron, and with a loose
frame of iron bars fitting the inside, about 3 inches from the bottom. These
boxes are suspended by a frame upon cams or excentrics, which excentrics are
fixed upon a shaft at angles of 90° with each other, whereby two boxes which are
ascending by the action of the excentrics are balanced by two other boxes
which descend (resting upon the excentrics) by their own gravity; thus, by the
revolution of the shaft connected to a steam engine or other prime mover, four
boxes have a constant ascending and descending motion.
When the coal or mineral is sufficiently washed, the box containing it
is raised and tilted by a hook hung on a frame, attached to a rope having three
or four turns round the shaft, the other end being held tight by a workman.
The box is retained by a catch until the washed coal or mineral is removed by
being raked out at one side of the box, which is hinged for that purpose, and a

page_text: fresh supply put in; the box is then released from the catch, and the washing
goes on as before.
Each box works up and down in a separate compartment, closing round the
box on all sides, as near as may be without actually touching it.
The bottom of each compartment is hopper-shaped, the opening at bottom
being closed by a conical valve, having a spindle projecting through the bottom,
so that the valve could be raised by a lever pressing upon the spindle. By this
means any accumulation of mud, &c. in the cisterns could be discharged by
raising the valves.
If ores are to be washed, the discharge through the valves should be
If ores are to be washed, the discharge through the valves should be
collected in a proper vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AN INSTRUMENT FOR SHARPENING WATCH-CLEANING STICKS USED BY WATCHMAKERS, SAID INSTRUMENT BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE SHARPENING OF SMALL WOODEN CYLINDERS FOR OTHER PURPOSES, SUCH AS LEAD PENCILS, &c.
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1857.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of the American Patent Agency, No. 133,
High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
AN INSTRUMENT FOR SHARPENING WATCH-CLEANING STICKS USED BY WATCHMAKERS,
SAID INSTRUMENT BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE SHARPENING OF SMALL WOODEN
CYLINDERS FOR OTHER PURPOSES, SUCH AS LEAD PENCILS, &c.," (a communication,)
to be as follows:-
The nature of the Invention consists in providing, by the combination of
parts as herein set forth, for holding the cutting blade in such a manner within
the mould as to secure it there by the metal composition when poured into
the mould; the mould is constructed in any of the known forms, or that seen
in the accompanying Drawing, marked elevation and plan; the elevation of
the base of the mould is seen at letter A, plan of the base at letter B; the
projections of the base of the mould, as seen at C, C, are for the purpose of
enabling it to be secured to the work bench; D, the conical core of the mould.
A small spring holder is inserted through an opening in the side of the mould
for the purpose of holding in place the cutter seen at (G). I is a flat sliding

page_text: core; K, a gauge, to admit the right-hand part of the mould L to come
between it and the gauge; this gauge being for the purpose of varying the
depth to which the edge of the knife or cutter H shall be placed in the groove
of the core D, in order to make a thicker or thinner shaving. The mould
piece marked L is placed on the base, with the sliding core P touching the
gauge; this core is for the purpose of shutting off the composition from the
front edge of the cutter, in order to form a throat for the passage of shavings;
the ring m is placed on the mould, and the composition is poured in.
What I claim as my Invention is the arrangement of the spring holder (G),
sliding plates j and P in relation to the grooved core D and gauge K, for the
purpose of adjusting and holding of the blade H in the mould, and the
forming of the slot in the sharpener, as herein set forth, or any modification
thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SURFACES FOR RECEIVING PAINTINGS OR PRINTED IMPRESSIONS THEREON
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1857. A communication from Elisha Lee, of Baltimore, in the United
States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SURFACES FOR RECEIVING PAINTINGS OR
PRINTED IMPRESSIONS THEREON," a communication from Elisha Lee, of Baltimore,
in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a process for preparing the surface of muslin,
linen, silk, or other fabrics or materials, so as to render such surface, when
prepared according to this Invention, being rendered valuable for receiving
paintings in oil, water color, or pastel, whilst it is also susceptable of the finest
impressions either in lithographic, copper-plate, or other printing where paper
I effect this preparation by coating the surface of the material
to be prepared with a composition made by boiling well-washed rice in water
in a clean porcelain vessel, there being just sufficient water to prevent the rice
burning; whilst boiling, a small quantity of pulverized borax of either gelatine,
isinglass, or best white glue, are added, taking care to stir and mix the whole
well while boiling. With this rice paste equal quantities in bulk of white

page_text: lead (or flake white), best Paris white, and white pipeclay, are mixed well
together with linseed oil (either boiled or raw) and ground fine, so as to form
the whole into a thick composition, which when spread evenly on any required
surface and sufficiently dry will be found to possess an absorbent ground,
insoluble in boiling water, and capable of receiving impressions or colors.
Rice-flour paste may be substituted for the boiled rice, but it is not so
tenacious. Paper pulp and potter's clay in small quantities may also be
added to the above composition and ground fine with it, where the canvass is
required to have the tooth preferred by some artists in oil and in pastel
painting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRAMPS FOR FLOORING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elijah Aldis, of 31, North Street, Manchester, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRAMPS FOR FLOORING AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 17th November 1857, and dated the 20th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Aldis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1857.
I, ELIJAH ALDIS, of 31, North Street, Manchester, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRAMPS FOR FLOORING AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of arranging cramps for
flooring and other purposes. The cramp consists of a metal plate, which when
used in laying flooring boards rests on the joists. On the under side of this
plate are two projections, between which one of the joists passes; one of these
projections comes directly in contact with the side of the joist, and the other
carries a stop (adjustable by a screw) which bears on the under side of the
joist. Working between guides formed in the plate is a pusher, which comes
against the edge of the flooring boards, and by it the flooring boards are forced
together. This pusher receives motion in the following manner:-On the
upper surface of the plate before mentioned is fixed a covering plate, having

page_text: on it a standard carrying a vertical axis, which receives motion by a hand
lever, and has on it a screw thread, and this screw thread works with a screw
pinion mounted on a horizontal axis working in a recess formed for it between
the main plate and the cover, and the same axis has on it a pinion which takes
into a rack on the stem of the pusher.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-RUBBER OVER-SHOES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Roderick McDonald at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1857.-A communication from Nathaniel Hayward.
I, JAMES RODERICK MCDONALD, of Hamburg, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
INDIA-RUBBER OVER-SHOES," (communicated to me by Nathaniel Hayward, a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so construct an india-rubber over-shoe that
the foot may be immediately inserted in or removed from it at pleasure
without using the hands at all, whereby the inconvenience usually experienced
in putting on or taking off india-rubber over-shoes is avoided.
And the Invention consists in constructing the quarter and heel of
vulcanized or hardened rubber, or of rubber of greater thickness than that of
which the covering for the front of the foot is usually made; or of rubber
made sufficiently resisting or rigid to withstand the thrust of the foot while
being inserted into the front of the over-shoe without lapping or falling down
under the heel of the party putting on the over-shoe.
The Invention also consists in affixing to the outer and back part of the heel,
formed stiff, as aforesaid, a wedge-shaped or other suitably shaped projection,
whereupon to apply the toe in order to remove the over-shoe. A spring
is sometimes applied to the heel for the purpose of keeping the over-shoe on
the foot, but in most cases this will be found unnecessary.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE HEATING OF THE BLAST FOR BLAST FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cochrane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April,
1857.
I, CHARLES COCHRANE, of the Ormesby Iron Works, Middlebro'-on-Tees, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
HEATING OF THE BLAST FOR BLAST FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in heating the blast for
blast furnaces, and the Invention consists in re-heating by the direct action
of a fire an ordinary heated blast before it is allowed to pass into the furnace,
for which purpose a close chamber lined with fire-brick is employed, there
being an opening through the upper part of the closed chamber with a close
fitting cover, through which opening the charcoal, coke, or other fuel is from
time to time supplied into the chamber; there is also an opening with a
close cover, to admit of withdrawing the unburned matters. The heated blast
is caused to pass by a pipe into the upper part of the close chamber, and from
such chamber by another pipe to the furnace. The fuel in the chamber
will gradually consume downwards, requiring no further supply of atmospheric
air than that derived from the heated blast introduced above the fuel in the
chamber. Suitable valves are used to shut off the heated blast from the
chamber, when desired.
A NEW BEVERAGE
Year: 1857

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1857. A communication from Eugène Marchand, of Fecamp.
France.
J, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of the firm Wells and Vasserot, of 45,
Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent Agents, Mechanical Draughtsman, &c.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW BEVERAGE," a
communication from Eugène Marchand, of Fecamp, France, to be as follows;
and consists in preparing a beverage (which I call taff) of extract of juniper berry,
gentian, cashoo, (which is the rough cashoo reduced to fine powder), molasses
of sugar cane, & yeast of beer. The above ingredients are mixed with a
quantity of water, and fermented previous to putting the same in casks
or otherwise.
The molasses is boiled on a slow fire until its weight is slightly reduced, and
afterwards I dilute it carefully with the extracts of gentian, juniper berry,
and cashoo, and when the temperature of the mixture is lowered to 25 degrees
centigrade I introduce the yeast of beer, when the fermentation commences,
and as soon as it is completed I place it in casks, or it may be put in bottles,
so as to have it sparkling. I may, instead of using the molasses, employ moist
sugar in powder of an equal weight; & for preparing the wort of the taff, it

page_text: suffices then to divide the extracts & the yeast of beer with the sugar matter
by a trituration sufficiently prolonged.
This beverage resembles cyder in its flavour, & possesses the tonic and
hygienic properties of beer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOCTORS OR SCRAPERS USED FOR CLEANING ENGRAVED SURFACES
Year: 1857

page_text: k
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rudolph Wappenstein
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1857."
*
I
I, RUDOLPH WAPPENSTEIN, of the City of Manchester, in the County, of
5 Lancaster, Engraver and Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOCTORS OR SCRAPERS USED FOR CLEANING
ENGRAVED SURFACES, to, be as follows:
Instead of making the said doctors or scrapers of metal as hitherto adopted,
I claim the application of horn or any compound thereof.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Rudolph Wappenstein, Her special licence that I, the said Rudolph
Wappenstein, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make; use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOCTORS OR SCRAPERS USED FOR CLEANING ENGRAVED
SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Rudolph
Wappenstein, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
I claim the application of horn or any compound of horn with other sub-
stances for the manufacture of what are technically called "doctors," for
cleaning engraved surfaces used in printing woven fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rudolph Wappenstein, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight."
RUDOLPH WAPPENSTEIN. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Rudolph Wappenstein, in the pre-
sence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,.
Manchester.
THE EASY DISCOVERY OF FLAWS AND ESCAPES IN GAS PIPES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lambert Perin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1857.
I, LAMBERT PERIN, Engineer, residing in Paris, No. 2, Rue Barbette, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE EASY DISCOVERY OF
FLAWS AND ESCAPES IN GAS PIPES," to be as follows:-
It is a tightly-closed vessel of copper, glass, or other suitable material,
attached to and communicating with any range of gas pipes by means of a
tube and a curved glass pipe partially filled with quicksilver or other suitable
fluid, one arm of which pipe is affixed to and communicates with the same
gas pipe to which the vessel or receiver is joined, and the other arm left
open.
This apparatus will act as a test upon the state of the gas pipes (that is to
say, as to whether they have any communication with the outer air thro' any
crack or hole, or by any tap being left open, or the contrary), by means of heat
applied to the receiver after the tap connecting the pipes to be examined with
the meter or main has been closed. The heat will in a short time rarefy &
expand the air or gas contained in the receiver and pipes, and cause such air
or gas to rush with considerable force from any opening that may exist in any
of the pipes connected with the receiver; if no such opening or escape exist,

page_text: the expanded air or gas will press upon the quicksilver in the glass pipe, and
cause it to rise in that arm open to the outer air.
Another test may be applied by condensing the air or gas in the pipes by
cooling the receiver. Such condensation will cause a void, which will at once
be filled by the outer air thro' any opening, however small, which may exist in
the pipes; or no such opening being present, the pressure of the outer air
upon the quicksilver in the glass pipe will cause it to rise in the arm attached
to the gas pipes under examination..
It is not absolutely necessary that the curved glass pipe & quicksilver
should be the only indicator used with the afore-named receiver. A substitute
may be found in the form of a common ventilation wheel, such as is used for
windows, which is attached to and connected with tho gas pipes, and which
will be turned alternately either one way or the other, as the pressure from
inside or outside is the greater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISH- ING OR POLISHING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1857

page_text: acation for Letters Latent was not given
by the Act.):
the time prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hibbert and Henry Richard-
son at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 17th June 1857.
We, HENRY HIBBERT, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
HENRY RICHARDSON, of Manchester, in the said County, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISH-
ING OR POLISHING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to a method of applying heat to yarns or
threads during the process of polishing or finishing. For this purpose we use
gas as a heating medium, and apply it within suitable apparatus, constituting
a stove and adapted to the machinery, so that heat may be imparted to the
yarns or threads as they travel onward. A peculiar form of stove we employ
consists of a chamber with a side, so as to be parallel or nearly so to the
periphery of a roller, over which the yarns or threads are passed.
Secondly, our Invention consists in the employment of a cylindrical surface
running in contact with the yarn or thread, heated as before mentioned, or
employed at the natural temperature.
Thirdly, our Invention relates to a method of distributing the size or other
such material. For this purpose we cause the yarn or thread to be carried by
rollers for a time in contact with a brush or brushes, without the application
of heat, and subsequently it is changed in position, so as to be operated upon
by a revolving heated roller, or other such apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES, CALLED RAILWAY LEVER BREAKS
Year: 1857

page_text: ZCU.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurent Prosper Therrin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1857.
I, LAURENT PROSPER THERRIN, of No. 5, Grande Rue, Dieppe, Departement
of Seine Inferieure, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
CALLED RAILWAY LEVER BREAKS," to be as follows:-
This improvement consists in providing all or only part of the wheels of the
railway carriages with breaks. These breaks work directly behind each wheel
of the carriages by the means of two horizontal and longitudinal iron bars,
supported by two lever branches, pinned to a transversal spindle, resting upon
bearings strongly fixed up to the bottom floor of the carriages. The bars
continue all the lenght, being joined at each end of every carriage by a joined
band disposed in such a way as to make the spindle turn.
It is under the locomotive tender the different pieces which move the
breaks are arranged either to pull close or to loosen. There, and even with
the bottom of the tender, are fixed two cast-iron supports, in which two right
angles are fastened with pegs at the extremity of their angle, so that they may
turn with facility. At the extremities of two of the arms of the right angles
are fixed with pegs the ends of the bars, horizoutal and longitudinal, above

page_text: mentioned. At the extremities of the other arms of the right angles are fixed
the ends of two upright pieces, attached to two levers bearing chains at their
extremities, which, by the means of an iron windlass carrying spokes and
ratchet wheels, and worked by the guard, sets the whole system in motion.
It is useless to add, that it would be preferable to put the apparatus on
the tender, though it might be put anywhere; but there it would prevent
accidents, and not inconvenience the fireman in any way.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lawson, of Leeds, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES." Partly a communication.
Sealed the 9th February 1858, and dated the 30th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
October 1857.
I, JOHN LAWSON, of Leeds, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for roving flax
and other fibrous substances, and consists in an improved method of regulating.
the speed of revolution of the bobbins, and of the rise and fall of the copping
rail to compensate for the continually increasing diameter of the bobbins. For
this purpose the train of wheels by which the motions are communicated to
the bobbins, and the copping rail are driven by an axis having a disc mounted
on it; against the upper and under surfaces of this disc two friction wheels
driven at a uniform speed revolve, and each time that the copping rail arrives

page_text: at the end of its course, the usual escape motion causes the friction wheels to
move further from the axis of the disc, and consequently they communicate
a slower motion to it. The friction pulleys are caused to nip the disc by
means of springs, and the disc is mounted on the axis, so that it is free to slide
on it longitudinally for a short distance.
A NEW METHOD OR MODE OF AND APPLIANCES FOR SUBMERGING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Field at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1857.
I, THOMAS FIELD, Stay Cleaner, of Spring Place, Kentish Town, London, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW METHOD OR MODE OF AND APPLIANCES FOR SUBMERGING SUBMARINE
TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
It consists in sinking or submerging submarine telegraph cables and
guiding them to those parts of the bed of the ocean where it is desired to
deposit them by aid and means of a long and strong flexable tubular cable
with a number of weights attached thereto in the manner shown and indicated
in Fig. 2.
Explanation of Fig. 2.-0, 0, 0, B, B, B, L, is the aforesaid flexable
tubular cable; C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, are peculiarly constructed metal
weights attatched to the aforesaid flexable tubular cable for the purpose of
causing certain parts thereof to sink to the bed of the ocean; A, A, A, is the
stern of the ship employed to pay out or deliver the submarine telegraph
cable; K, K, is a small portion of the deposited submarine telegraph cable;
L, L, L, L, is the surfice of the ocean; M, M, M, M, is the bed of the
ocean.
The submarine telegraph cable in being paid out (or delivered) from the
paying-out ship A, A, A, has to pass through the core of the flexable tubular

page_text: cable 0, 0, 0, B, B, B, L, and in its descent to the bed of the ocean it is
shielded and protected from the currents of the ocean by the aforesaid flexable
tubular cable 0, 0, 0, B, B, B, L. I make the aforesaid flexable tubular
cable of iron and steel wires, or of iron or steel band coiled into the shape of
a tube by the process patented by Daniel Davidge, or of leather or of any
other suitable materials.
The manner in which I construct the metal weights attatched to the afore-
said flexable tubular cable shall be fully discribed in my Completo Speci-
fication. I oil or grease the submarine telegraph to facilitate its progress
through the flexable tubular cable, and when extra strength is required in the
flexable tubular cable, I use 2 or more flexable tubular cables one outside the
other. I prefer to construct the flexable tubular cable with iron & steel wires,
in a manner which I will fully describe in my Complete Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks AND LATCHES, AND IN ATTACHING LOCK AND LATCH KNOBS TO SPINDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: wwwwwww
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lester Hinks and John
Rock Day at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th July 1857.
We, JOSEPH LESTER HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and JOHN ROCK DAY, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks
AND LATCHES, AND IN ATTACHING LOCK AND LATCH KNOBS TO SPINDLES," to be
as follows:-
Our improvents consist in constructing a lock, in which a central tube,
into which the key enters, is surrounded by a series of parallel tubes, in each of
which is a rod pressed upwards by a spring. At the top of the tubes is a fixed
plate, and a similar plate is fixed at the bottom of the tubes. The rods
engage in holes in the upper plate, and prevent the central tube from turning.;.
but when the key is introduced and pushed home, it disengages the rods from
the plate, and the key and central tube can turn and act on the bolt. If a false
key is introduced, it either fails to disengage the rods from the upper plate, or
causes them to engage with the bottom one, and fails to liberate the central
tube.
Our improvements further consist in constructing latches, having cranked
bolts pressed home by coiled springs, the bolt being connected by links with
the follower. In rim locks, the works, with the exception of the cranked end

page_text: of the bolt, are contained in a flat case on one side of the door; and in mortice
locks the works are inserted in a mortice in the door. A small lock of the
ordinary construction locks the latch, which thus acts as a lock and latch. The
key may act on either side of the bolt, and a separate hole made for the key on
either side of the door, neither of the keyholes passing through the door. The
keyhole is closed by two plates at the back of the escutcheon, which plates are
pressed back on the introduction of the key. In attaching knobs to lock and
latch spindles, a spring catch on the spindle is pressed back and the knob
screwed to the proper distance on the spindle; the catch is then liberated,
when it engages with the knob, and the turning of the knob turns the spindle.
The position of the knob on the spindle may be adjusted by a wedge instead of
a screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Brown, of Ebbw Vale, in the County of
Monmouth, Iron Master, and George Parry, of the same Place, Furnace
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
IRON."
Sealed the 28th July 1857, and dated the 7th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Brown and George
Parry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th February 1857.
We, THOMAS BROWN, of Ebbw Vale, in the County of Monmouth, Iron
Master, and GEORGE PARRY, of the same Place, Furnace Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of a mode of refining, purifying, or decarbonizing
melted cast iron by means of currents of air, in a covered or closed or partially
covered or closed furnace or chamber, without the addition of coal, coke, or
other fuel.
The metal being in a melted state (and we prefer to take it from the blast
furnace as being most economical), we run it into a chamber or furnace which

page_text: is covered or closed to such an extent as may be necessary to prevent the
temperature of the contents being too much lowered. We introduce air
tuyeres from a blowing apparatus into the interior of the furnace or chamber
above the level of the melted iron, and in such a position that air shall be
blown down with considerable force upon the top of the melted metal, so
as to produce a combustion of the carbon combined or mixed with the iron.
The blast may be either hot or cold, and we continue the process until the
iron has been brought into a state similar to that called "finery metal," or
refined iron.
.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Webster Owrid, of Dundalk, in the
County of Louth, Engineer, for. the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES."
Sealed the 7th August 1857, and dated the 10th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Webster Owrid
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th February 1857.
I, BENJAMIN WEBSTER OWRID, of Dundalk, in the County of Lowth, Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING PIPES OR TUBES," to be as follows:―
My Invention relates to a novel mode of securing together the extremities
of pipes, so as to form a perfect junction thereby, and in a more simple
manner than heretofore, as in the use of the common socket joint, flange
joints screwed, and other joints, this being so contrived as to admit of the
immediate connection and disconnection of the pipes with great facility.
The improvement consists in the employment of a ring or collar, the inner
surface of which is conical, so as to act as a wedge, either with or without the
application and use of a suitably formed filling, (whether metallic or otherwise,)

page_text: for placing between the outer, surfaces of. the pipes and the inner surface of
the ring or collar, which is placed around, the joint. This ring has its internal
surface conically shaped, the filling having its external surface similarly formed,
the ends of the pipes being brought together, and the ring or collar placed
around the joint, the conical or wedge-shaped filling or packing is then driven
between the ring and the pipes, and a perfect junction is effected.. When the
pipes are required for liquids, cement is used for the filling, and by driving off
the ring the pipes may be disconnected with facility, but for most other
purposes the packing may be formed of lead or other soft yielding or com-
pressible metal or substance. When it is preferred to make the joint without
the use of the annual wedge or other filling, I employ the above-named ring,
having the internal surface tapered, and the pipes are so formed at the ends to be
joined that they may be turned so as to taper from one end, the joint being
near the centre of the taper; the internally tapered ring is then to be driven
or wedged on to this external taper, and the junction of the pipes is effected
and may be readily disunited again by driving off the annular wedge.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER AGITATING OR STIRRING APPARATUS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blacklidge and George
Read at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st May 1857.
We, WILLIAM BLACKLIDGE, junior, of Hoghton, in the County of Lancaster;
Accountant, and GEORGE READ, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the said County, Mill-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER AGITATING OR STIRRING APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements consist in placing a beam or pillar in the centre of a
cylinder or vessel of any convenient shape, into which we place or pour the
cream or any other fluid or mixture to be acted upon, the said beam or pillar
being perpendicular or parallel with the sides of the cylinder, and having
grooves or indentations, dovetailed or otherwise, running along its sides, into
which we fit or place sliding bars or rods, having attached or fixed at right
angles to their lower end segments of discs or rings perforated with holes,
these portions of dises or rings forming when together as it were a complete
but disconnected piston, to work in the said cylinder or vessel. This detached or
segmented piston is so arranged to be worked by means of levers, in connection
with cranks, pullies, or excentrics, coupled, attached, or connected to the
sliding bars or rods at any suitable or convenient place above the cylinder
that they shall pass each other alternately in their ascent or descent, causing

page_text: an agitation to the cream or other fluid. The piston may be divided into any
number of segments, each segment being attached. to its sliding bar or rod
upon the beam or piller, ascending or descending, through the medium of its
driving power, independently of the other segments, so that as they move and
pass each other they give the desired agitation to the liquid, and perform a
more complete churning than is done by the ordinary means.
The arrangement of the parts may also (if desirable) be varied by having
only a portion of the segments or pistons moveable up and down, and another
portion of them fixed to the sides of the churn or vessel, so arranged that the
churning is effected as the moving segments or parts pass up and down through
the spaces between the fixed segments or parts.
The segments of which the churning or agitating piston is composed are in
both instances so worked up and down, by means of a three-throw crank or
otherwise, that in their working each passes or clears the passage of the other
at about one-third the depth of the cream in the churn.
This apparatus will be found equally applicable to the "mashing" of malt
in brewing, and to other agitating or, stirring purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING OR RAMMING PAVING BLOCKS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Saxon Maccarthy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1857.
I, JOHN SAXON MACCARTHY, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING OR RAMMING PAVING BLOCKS AND OTHER
SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of driving or ramming paving
blocks, or of preparing foundations, or constructing roads of any description,
whereby the operation is conducted more effectively and with greater economy
of time and labor than has hithereto been effected by the ordinary systems.
According to this Invention it is proposed to drive or ram paving blocks or
roads or foundations of any description by the aid of machinery driven by
steam or other power, such machinery consisting of a number of heavy rams
contained in a suitable frame on wheels, and traversed over the surface to be
rammed. Various means may obviously be employed for working the rams,
but the mode which I consider most simple and effective consists in connecting
each ram by means of a flexible attachment, such as a chain or strap, to a
loose disc on a suitable shaft, driven by spur gearing from the main shaft of
the machine, such main or driving shaft being worked either direct from a
small engine carried by the machine framing, or by means of ordinary driving
pullies and belts, or by any other convenient arrangement of mechanism for
transmitting motive power.

page_text: The loose discs are actuated by a suitable -arrangement of mechanism fast
on the disc shafts, which will cause the loose discs to rotate partially, so as
to raise the rams, and then to release them and allow the rams to fall on to
the blocks to be driven. As fast as one set of blocks are driven home the
machine is traversed forward so as to bring the next set of blocks under the
rams, and so on over the entire surface to be rammed.
It is obvious that many different arrangements will be applicable for the
carrying out this Invention, both as regards the ramming apparatus and the
application of power thereto.