IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR FACILITATING AND COM- BINING THE ART OF WRITING WITH ENGRAVING TOGETHER ON STONE, APPLICABLE TO MAPS, PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND OTHER LITHOGRAPHY, WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE FOR RE-TRANSFERS TO ZINC OR STONE, OR PRINTING FROM ORIGINAL
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Emett, of 8, St. George's Terrace,
South Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Lithographer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR FACILITATING AND COM-
BINING THE ART OF WRITING WITH ENGRAVING TOGETHER ON STONE, APPLICABLE
TO MAPS, PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND OTHER LITHOGRAPHY, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE FOR RE-TRANSFERS TO ZINC OR STONE, OR PRINTING
FROM ORIGINAL."
Sealed the 28th July 1863, and dated the 17th March 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Emett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1863.
I, WILLIAM HENRY EMETT, of 8, St. George's Terrace, South Kensington,
in the County of Middlesex, Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR FACILITATING AND
COMBINING THE ART OF WRITING WITH ENGRAVING TOGETHER ON STONE, APPLICABLE
TO MAPS, PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND OTHER LITHOGRAPHY, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO AVAILABLE FOR RE-TRANSFERS TO ZINC OR STONE, OR PRINTING FROM
ORIGINAL," to be as follows:-
I prepare lithographic stones by graining as for drawing in lithographic
chalk, I then polish the same with snake stone, and I then pumice the surface
and clean off dust; I gum over the surface with thick gum; the gum is to
emain on stone for twelve hours, when the gum is washed off with clean

page_text: water, leaving the stone nearly clear from gum; a little Paris black is next
rubbed over the surface; the stone must be perfectly dry. A tracing of plan,
map, or mechanical drawing is next made with a line on tracing paper or linen
to indicate the positions of writing that is to be lithographed. The tracing
must be made with ivory black mixed up with a little clean water, and traced
firmly with a Gillott's crow quill, remembering not to rub the tracing ink with
the hand. The stone is then fitted in a lithographic press, and slightly damped
on surface with water, leaving the surface of stone only damped. The tracing
is then put on stone reversed, as is usual for a transfer in lithography, and
pulled through press as taking an ordinary impression; the stone is then fit for
drawing and writing in engraving and ink. In drawing on stone, the thick lines
must be drawn in first, such as shadow lines and writing with lithographic
stone writing ink. The thick lines must next be etched with a small quantity
of nitric acid mixed with gum and clean water, not quite so strong as the
consistency of vinegar. The fine lines must then be engraved with an ordinary
stone engraver's point both to writing and outline. Next the whole work
'must be covered over with sweet oil for ten minutes; the oil must be removed
with a clean water sponge, and the fine engraved lines brought up black with
the use of a dabber and ink usually taken by lithographic printers for printing
engraving on stone. When the work is printed up quite clear and distinct it
can then be gummed over with good gum; the drawing is then fit for taking
re-transfers, which can be applied to both zinc and stone, or can be printed from
original by an ordinary roller used by printers for engraving on stone.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Emett in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY EMETT, of 8, Saint George's Terrace, South Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, Lithographer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Henry Emett, Her special licence that I, the said William
Henry Emett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Henry Emett, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROCESSES FOR FACILITATING AND COMBINING THE ART OF WRITING
WITH ENGRAVING TOGETHER ON STONE, APPLICABLE TO MAPS, PLANS, SPECIFICA-
TIONS, AND OTHER LITHOGRAPHY, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE TO ZINC
OR STONE, OR PRINTING FROM ORIGINAL FOR RE-TRANSPERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Henry Emett, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Emett, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:
The lithographic stone is prepared by first graining, as for chalk drawing;
the surface of the stone is then polished, after which pumice the stone,
taking care to keep the surface free from dust. The face of the stone is
then covered over evenly with strong gum, allowing it to remain for some
few hours, say, from six to ten hours. When the tracing is completed of the
work to be drawn, the gum is removed from the stone by washing almost the
whole from the surface with a clean sponge. The stone should now be fitted
in a lithographic press, and the surface damped with a little water, remem-
bering to leave no water on the stone more than necessary for securing a good
copy of the tracing. The tracing is then placed on stone reversed, as is usual
for a transfer in lithography, and pulled quickly through press. The impression
will be found much firmer if pulled twice without lifting up the tympon, the
impression will then be transferred on to the stone, and quite fit for the
engraving and ink work. The tracing must be made by using ivory black
mixed up with a little water of about the consistency of lithographic ink, and
a lithographic crow quill or any pen that will produce a good firm line should
be used, as the firmness of the tracing insures the better quality of work when
transferred from tracing paper. In commencing the drawing and writing, the
thick lines of the latter are to be executed first, then the thick or shadow lines
of drawing. The work thus described must now be etched very slightly with a
little weak diluted nitric acid and gum water; care must be taken not to etch

page_text: away the tracing that up to the present is not drawn. When the stone is
quite dry it should be slightly covered with a little red or black chalk usually
employed for shewing the fine engraved lines on stone; the fine lines of writing
and drawing can then be engraved with an ordinary stone engraver's point or
a diamond, if necessary). When all the work is finished, the surface of the stone
should be covered with a coat of sweet oil to remain on the stone from five to
ten minutes, and then removed with a clean sponge. The work is to be rolled
up distinctly by a good soft roller, those generally used for printing; stone
engraving will be found suitable for the purposes of this Invention. The work
thus executed is fit for making re-transfers to stone or zinc, otherwise printing
from original.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of carry-
ing the same into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine
myself to the precise details here given, as modifications may be made without
departing from the principle of this Invention; but what I claim and desire
to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the pro-
cesses for facilitating and combining the art of writing and drawing in litho-
graphic ink with engraving together on stone, applicable to maps, plans,
specifications, and other lithography, being also available for re-transfers to zinc
or stone, or printing from original, substantially as herein-before described, or
any mere modification or imitation thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Emett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
WILLIAM HENRY EMETT. (L.S.)