IM- PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Norman Aronson, of Portland Place, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS."
Sealed the 2nd June 1874, and dated the 5th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Norman Aronson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his, Petition;
on the 5th March 1874.
I, JOSEPH NORMAN ARONSON, of Portland Place, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows: :-
This Invention relates to a new construction of lamp, in which the
weight of a column of water or other non-combustible fluid is employed.
to force the burning oil or spirit up to the burner, and so continuously
feed the flame of the lamp at the same time that the column of non-
combustible fluid is made to serve as a carrier for supplying oil to the
burner. It is arranged in such manner as that in the event of the lamp
being upset or thrown down the water or non-combustible fluid is mado

page_text: to flow towards the burner, and so extinguish the flame. The danger of
explosion or fire pertaining to lamps of ordinary construction is thereby
obviated, and burning oils that are now of comparatively small value
owing to the danger that has hitherto attended their use will become
available for general purposes.
I will now describe an arrangement of apparatus by means of which
my Invention may be successfully carried into practical operation in a
lamp where oil is burned with a wick. The lower part of the wick
descends into a tube, up which the oil is forced, the supply being
maintained by the pressure of a body of water, which is contained in a
compartment or chamber of the lamp, which communicates with the oil
chamber. The water enters the lower part of the oil compartment or
chamber below the oil, which being of less specific gravity than the
water floats on its surface, and is so carried or forced up within the oil
tube and fed as required to the burner or wick.
The action of the column of water may be regulated either by intro-
ducing more water as required or by raising or lowering the water com-
partment by means of a screw or equivalent arrangement, and so
lengthening or shortening the water column as may be found
necessary.
A great advantage will be found to attend the use of water in the.
manner proposed by me. Besides dispensing with the use of springs or
other mechanical contrivances for supplying oil or spirit to the burner
of a lamp it will enable the parts adjacent to the burner to be kept at a
low temperature. and so enable oils or spirits to be burned with safety-
that would otherwise be dangerous.
As is obvious other arrangements of apparatus. constructed on a
similar principle may be employed for carrying my Invention into

page_text: .
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Norman Aronson, Her special
license that I, the said Joseph Norman Aronson, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Norman Aronson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Joseph Norman Aronson, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Norman Aronson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention relates to a new construction of lamp in which the
weight of a column or volume of water or other non-combustible fluid
is employed to force the oil or spirit for burning up to the burner or
wick and so continually feed the flame of the lamp at the same time
that the column of non-combustible fluid is made to serve as a carrier
for supplying oil to the burner. It is arranged in such manner as that
when applied to moveable lamps in the event of the lamp being upset or
thrown down the water or non-combustible fluid is made to flow towards
the burner, and so extinguish the flame. The danger of explosion or
fire pertaining to lamps of ordinary construction is thereby obviated, and
oils or spirits that are now of comparatively small value owing to the
danger that has hitherto attended their use will become available.
'
Another great advantage will be found to attend the use of water in
the manner proposed by me. Besides dispensing with the use of springs

page_text: or other mechanical contrivances for supplying oil or spirit to the burner
of a lamp it will enable the parts adjacent to the burner to be kept at a
low temperature, and so enable oils or spirits to be burned with safety
that would otherwise be dangerous.
- L
I will now describe an arrangement of apparatus by means of which
my Invention may be successfully carried into practical operation in a
moveable lamp where oil or spirit is burned with a wick, reference
being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same
letters are used to denote like points in all the views or sections.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 is a plan of a lamp
ärranged for burning oil or spirit with a wick.
The lower part of the wick descends into a tube a, into which the
oil is forced up the inner or oil tube 6 from the oil compartment or
chamber c, the supply being maintained by the pressure of a body of
water which is contained in the compartment or chamber & com-
'
3
municating with the oil chamber by the orifices e*, annular space e, and
tube f. The oil or spirit vessel must be filled or charged before the
water is put in. The water enters the lower part of the oil or spirit
compartment or chamber c below the oil or spirit, which being of less
specific gravity than the water floats on its surface, and is thus carried
or forced up within the oil tube 6 and fed as required to the burner or.
wick.
"
The action of the column of water may be regulated either by intro-
ducing more water or the water compartment & may be raised or,
lowered so as to lengthen or shorten the water column, as may be found.
necessary, for which purpose a telescopic arrangement of tubes may.
be employed, or the water compartment may be arranged to move up
and down water-tight on the tube a, the orifice or orifices between the
annular space e and the water compartment being placed somewhat.
higher than shewn in the Drawing, or by means of a screw or equi-
valent arrangement, as will be readily understood by competent persons.
In the case of oils of heavy specific gravity the pressure of the water
may be increased by the use of salts or other chemicals, which will
increase the density of water.
Oil or spirit is fed to the lamp through the tube provided with a

page_text: ;
When the lamp requires recharging or discharging the water may
bo withdrawn through an opening provided with a suitable cock or
stopper.
air
Figures 3 and 4 shew another arrangement. In this case an annular
space is left between the tubo a and the water chamber d which
communicates with the annular water space e by a short tube or other
suitable mechanical contrivance .k. In other respects this lamp
represents that already described.
Besides the important advantages before mentioned my Invention will
also enable a much more brilliant light to be obtained in consequence
of the combined use of water and oil in the lamp and the keeping of
the oil at a low temperature, the main volume of combustible liquid
being kept at some distance from the wick or burner so as to avoid
waste of combustible liquid and vitiation of the atmosphere by evapo-
ration of such liquid.
.
By the use of my Invention I am enabled to produce lamps combining
the utmost safety, simplicity, and efficacy, with moderation in first cost,
economy in consumption of oil or spirit, and non-liability to derange-
ment, there being no delicate parts or complicated machinery to get out
of order.
Having described the nature of my said Invention and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I desire
to have it understood that I do not claim generally the use of a column
or volume of water or other non-combustible fluid for forcing or floating
the oil or spirit and so feeding it to the burner, but I claim, the com-
binations of parts constituting respectively my improved lamp, con-
structed as shewn in and described with reference to Figures 1 and 2
and Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said Joseph Norman Aronson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-