matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED JACKET OR WAISTCOAT FOR SWIMMING AND SAVING LIFE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis François Gosselin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1874.
I, LOUIS FRANÇOIS GOSSELIN, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, at
Paris, Commission Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED JACKET OR WAISTCOAT FOR SWIMMING AND SAVING
LIFE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is an insubmergible costume or garment
which I call the "Natateur."
The characteristic feature in this costume consists in the employment
of a pneumatic tube placed within a double envelope shaped to appear
like an ordinary bathing costume. The inflation of the tube is produced
at the will of the wearer, who is thus preserved from danger whether he
be bathing or whether he has fallen accidentally into the water.
The "Natateur" is a garment formed from one piece of fabric; it covers
the body from the knees up to the neck, and is closed in front in a similar
manner to an ordinary bathing costume by a row of buttons, which
cover from about the lower part of the stomach to the upper part of the

page_text: chest; it is composed of double flannel, between the two inner surfaces
of which an india-rubber pipe is led, which proceeding from the top of
the collar of the garment or neck of the wearer passes by the left side of
the neck down the centre of the back to the commencement of the
hips, where it is divided into two, and each part is wound round the
hips until it nearly reaches the knee. From the principal tube at the
centre of the back there lead twelve or fifteen tubes, which pass round
the body and end respectively, close to the buttons and their corre-
sponding button holes, but the top pair of these branch tubes pass under
the arms and rise towards the top of the breast, turning within them-
selves several times so as to fill as much space as possible with buoyant
power.
The wearer of this garment inflates it with air by blowing in at the
mouth-piece of the principal tube, which is conveniently placed for the
purpose, and as soon as the pipes are filled this mouth-piece is turned
once or twice, in order to shut off the escape of air. The costume thus
inflated will sustain the person wearing it in the water either in an
upright or horizontal position, and thus if the wearer falls into the water
he can call vigorously for aid, and wait for it without danger of
exhaustion.
The greatest advantage of my "Natateur" costume is that it can be
worn as an ordinary flannel vest and drawers beneath the other attire
without unsightliness or inconvenience, and when needed it can be
inflated with air in a few seconds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO SAFETY VALVES FOR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knight Hill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1874.
I, THOMAS KNIGHT HILL, of the Firm of Thomas Hill and Sons, of
Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Boiler Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO SAFETY VALVES FOR STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to. safety valves which are ordinarily applied to
steam boilers or generators, and has for its object to render such valves
capable of acting as relicf valves in the event of the level of water
within the generator becoming lowered to a dangerous extent. To this
end I attach a float to or suspend a float from one end of a lever which
is mounted within the generator, and I connect the other end of the said
lever with the safety valve or valves in such a manner as that on the
said float becoming lowered to a point which would be considered to

page_text: indicate danger, the said safety valve will be raised so as to permit
steam to escape from the generator.
I prefer to employ a hollow copper float, and to so proportion the
parts as that the lever to which the said float is attached shall be
capable of raising the safety valve without the aid of steam pressure E
within the generator.
Improvements IN BATHS OR BATHING TUBS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Neuhoff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1874.
I, WILLIAM NEUHOFF, of Brunswick, in the Dukedom of Brunswick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Improvements
IN BATHS OR BATHING TUBS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a construction and arrangement of a bathing
tub or bath in connection with a stove for heating the water therein,
such construction and arrangement being of the following description :-
A portion of the bathing tub, vessel, or bath, which is usually of
elongated form, is towards one end partitioned off by an upright per-
forated screen, through the holes in which the water can circulate freely.
In the compartment thus partitioned off is placed a slow combustion
stove, preferably of cylindrical form, having in its lower part a fire-grate
with an ash-pit space below it, and having at the top a cover with holes
for the escape of the gascous products of combustion, and a handle by

page_text: which it can be lifted to be placed in or removed from the bath. The
stove being charged with fuel ignited the heat of the combustion is con-
ducted through its walls to the surrounding water, which can freely
circulate throughout the bath while the bather is protected by the screen
from contact with the heated walls of the stove.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN WHARLE TUBES' EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Constantin Wellens at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th June 1874.
I, JULES CONSTANTIN WELLENS, of Philadelphia, United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN WHARLE TUBES' EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the pins and notches
or other means, heretofore employed for the purpose of attaching the
bobbins, spools, or paper tubes to the wharlo tubes, which revolve on the
spindles or studs used in spinning on the "cap" system. For this
purpose we cut a series of slits or slots longitudinally in the said wharle
tube, which slits or slots allow the sides of the tubes to expand laterally
by centrifugal force when the tube is revolving, and thereby completely
fill and press against-tho-interior-of-the-bobbin, spool, or paper tube, and
hold the same firmly or sufficiently to drive it during the process of
spinning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES FOR CUTTING PAPER AND PASTEBOARD
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leber at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1874.
I, JOHN LEBER, of Goswell Road, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES FOR CUTTING PAPER AND
PASTEBOARD," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the arrangement of a self-adjusting cripper
bar in machines for cutting paper and pasteboard by the use of which
the thinnest paper may be held as firmly as the thickest pasteboard
without straining the cripper bar, as is the case in such machines as
ordinarily constructed. The general construction of the machines in
question is well known and understood, and therefore need not be here
particularly described.
To a projection formed on the extreme end of the cripper bar opposite
to that side of the machine at which the treadle is situated is attached
an india-rubber or spiral metallic spring or a weight, the same being
connected with a bracket corresponding with the prolongation of the
cripper bar, and which is fixed to the frame of the machine. The end

page_text: of the cripper bar is free to work in a socket or slot formed in a vértical
bar provided for that purpose, and the spring or weight allows the
cripper bar to rise sufficiently to take any thickness of paper or other
material which the machine is adapted to cut, the spring or weight
giving sufficient pressure to hold the paper or other material as firmly
as is requisite to prevent its shifting during the operation of cutting.
The spring or weight will cause the cripper bar, whenever the
pressure of the foot is removed from the treadle, to rise sufficiently high
to any desired quantity of material to be pushed into the requisite
position for being cut.
The arrangement of the spring or weight at the end of the cripper bar
renders the steel spring at the other end thereof, which has hitherto
been used, unnecessary, the evils resulting from the same breaking and
getting out of repair being thus entirely obviated.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISINFECTING AND DEODORIZING THE AIR IN ROOMS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1874.
I, MATTHEW WILSON, of Loughboro' Road, Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISINFECTING AND DEODORIZING
THE AIR IN ROOMS AND OTHER PLACES," to be as follows:-
The nature of the said Invention relates to a method of and apparatus
for disinfecting and deodorizing rooms and other places, and consists
chiefly in the employment of a novel apparatus placed above the gas or
other lights, in which I place when I wish to generate oxygen a solution
of manganate or permanganate of potash or other suitable solution, or
dry powder such as the chlorate of potash or other like substances.
When it is desired to decompose the gases generated in a room, such as
carbonic gas, I place in the apparatus lime or lime water, caustic soda,
caustic potash, or any other suitable substance or solution which will
neutralize or absorb carbonic acid gas. In some instances instead of
using and in connection with the before-mentioned solutions or powder,

page_text: purpose.
The apparatus which I use in connection with the gas or other lights
for these purposes consists of a frame of any suitable form, which may
rest upon the gas or lamp globe, or which may be suspended from the 5
ceiling, and to this frame I attach a vessel or receptacle with an aperture
at the top for the escape of gas or vapors which will hold the dry powder
or solution that may be employed.
When the vessel is designed for the use of solutions I employ a false
bottom or plate below the bottom of said vessel, which prevents the 1
solution being overheated, and this plate may be attached direct to the
frame or vessel, and be made to support the said vessel, a space being
left between the bottom of the vessel and the said plate to admit a
current of air. When the vessel is designed for the use of charcoal I
perforate the sides of the vessel to admit of the ready passage of the 1
noxious gases into the vessel. I sometimes employ a second vessel
containing charcoal placed above the vessel designed for the use of
solutions, and the said second vessel is placed upon or attached to the
bottom vessel in any suitable manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ATTACHING HEELS TO BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOB
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stewart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1874.
I, CHARLES STEWART, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ATTACHING HEELS TO BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS
EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in attaching heels to
boots and shoes, and in the apparatus or means for effecting the same,
consists in so constructing the heels that they are capable of being
attached to boots or shoes without removing the boots or shoes from the
last. This is effected by placing the upper lift or thickness of leather in
the heel on a block provided with holes to admit of the points of the
spikes passing through it. These spikes are passed through the upper
thickness of loather in the heel, which is previously punched by a die

page_text: provided with needle points, and after being placed in the holes other
pieces of leather are nailed on till the heel is of the necessary thickness.
The spikes are so retained in position, and their points are driven
through the boot sole and rivetted against the last by a press or by
hammering.
IMPROVED ILLUMINATING APPARATUS FOR USE IN DENTAL AND Surgical OferatIONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Stewart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1874.
I, ALEXANDER STEWART, of Cheapside, in the City of London,
Licentiate and Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
ILLUMINATING APPARATUS FOR USE IN DENTAL AND Surgical OferatIONS," to be
as follows: -
My Invention relates to a cheap, portable, and convenient apparatus
for dentist's and surgeon's use, whereby operations which have hitherto
been only practical in clear daylight may be performed at all times with
perfect ease and safety:
The apparatus consists of a pedestal and standard on which is
mounted, as hereafter described, a reflector with a gas jet in front
thereof, or a bracket terminating in a socket for a lamp. The reflector is
fitted to move on a vertical axis so as to be readily turned to the right or
left in order to direct the rays of light where required, and it is adjusted as

page_text: •
to height by means of a socket upon which both the reflector and gas
burner or lamp bracket are carried so as to be moved together, said
socket sliding up and down the standard and secured in any desired
position by means of a set screw or otherwise.
The reflector I employ is preferably constructed of prepared glass, but
I do not confine myself to this particular kind of reflector. I also prefer
that the flame of the gas or lamp should not be opposite the centre of
the reflector, but rather below it; and that the reflector should be
inclined slightly forward at the upper part to throw the light somewhat
downwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Jonas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1874.-A communication from abroad by Ludwig Szalay,
of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, LEOPOLD JONAS, of Number 15, Colville Terrace West, Bayswater, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REPEATING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates especially to improvements in repeating pistols,
but is also applicable to certain other kinds of fire-arms. Its objects
are to obtain increased portability, safety, and rapidity of action, greater
accuracy and simplicity in the manufacture, greater penetrative effect
by preventing escape of the gases, and thereby also avoiding the soiling
and derangement of the mechanism usually consequent upon such
escape of gas.
The Invention consists in arranging a series of barrels side by side
and in one plane, adapting thereto a stock and lock with mechanism
consisting of a step-by-step motion operated by the trigger, by means of
which the said series of barrels is traversed across the stock, each barrel

page_text: being brought successively into the plane of the hammer, and the
hammer released to fire the cartridge contained in it by the simple move-
ment of the trigger only.
⚫ The stock with its lock, trigger, and hammer can be readily detached
from the barrels and kept separate therefrom until it is required to use
the pistol or other firc-arm, when the stock with its lock, trigger, and
hammer can be applied to the barrels by passing certain grooves in the
lock frame over two studs attached to a piece swivelling on a stud in
the side of one of the end barrels, and being then turned round a half
revolution and slid on to the rear end of the scries of barrels the fire-arm
is ready for use.
The stock, lock, trigger and hammer may also be applied to the
barrels, but left, by means of the swivelling piece above mentioned, in
such a position that the fire-arm cannot be discharged until adjusted as
above described.
The series of barrels is provided with a hinged plate kept in position
by a spring for retaining the cartridges in the barrels when loaded, the
kind of cartridge employed being by preference that known as the "rim-
fire," but the fire-arms may be adapted for "central-fire" cartridges if
preferred.
ย
AN IMPROVED CAP OR HEAD-LRESS FOR TRAVELLING OR RESTING THE HEAD
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Atkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
January 1874.
I, JAMES ATKINSON, of 22, Stonefield Street, Islington, London,
3 Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CAP OR HEAD-LRESS FOR TRAVELLING OR RESTING THE HEAD," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the means of giving additional
comfort to persons travelling by rail, water, or otherwise, and in resting
the head. It consists of a cap or head-dress having an air cushion or
cushions surrounding or enclosed in the whole or any portion of the cap
or head-dress. Such cushion or cushions may be inflated to any desired
extent when the cap or head-dress is to be worn by blowing through a
suitable connection.
The air may be released when it is desired to fold the cap or head-
dress into a small space.

page_text: The air is to be retained by a valve tap by pushing or drawing a bight
or loop of the connecting tube into a short flat tube or ring, or by any
ordinary well-known method.
A NEW MEDICINAL COMPOUND AND PLASTERS MADE THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McIntyre Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1874.-A communication from Doctor Paul Edmond
Audouit, of the City of Havre, in France, Surgeon, in the Service
of the General Transatlantic Steamship Company of France.
I, JOHN MINTYRE SMITH, of New York City, in the State of New
York, in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW MEDICINAL COMPOUND AND PLASTERS MADE
THEREWITH," (communicated to me by Doctor Paul Edmond Audouit, of
the City of Havre, in France, Surgeon, in the Service of the General
Transatlantic Steam Ship Company, of France), to be as follows:-
One of the most important uses of the compound and of the plasters
is to prevent sea sickness. For this purpose the plaster is made of
suitable size and applied to the pit of the stomach. Its efficacy in this
use has been established by repeated experiments.
The following is a description of what is considered the best means of
carring out the Invention:-Take of what is known as diachylon [in
French "emplâtre de diachylon"], sometimes called court plaster, [an

page_text: oxyde of lead and oil] two grammes. With this thoroughly mix two
grammes of theriac or Venice treacle [in French "theriaque"], and one
gramme of extract of belladonna [in French "extrait belladonne"], and
preserve the compound in a tight stoppered vessel.
To use the compound as a preventive or cure for sea sickness, spread
it to about the thickness of an ordinary adhesive plaster on a small oval
piece of kid or other soft leather, making the plaster about three inches
long, and two-and-a-half inches wide. One of these plasters being
slightly warmed is applied and caused to stick on the pit of the
stomach.
The plasters may be prepared ready spread in large quantities, as an
article of travellers' supplies, or of trade generally.
•
The plaster applied as above may be used with safety and success in
all cases of nausea from whatever cause, excepting always those cases
where it is desired for any reason to free the stomach by vomiting.
In all cases of retching and vomiting from a disturbed condition, in
which it is desired to allay irritation by inducing a sound and healthy
condition of the nerves pertaining to the stomach, the plaster may be
applied either in the small size indicated or in larger sizes, and more
thickly spread, as the case shall require.
Thin muslin, paper, thin vegetable parchment, and various other sub-
stances may be used with success instead of leather, as a foundation for
the plaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN' LAMPS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE METHOD OF ARRANGING AND USING GLASS PRISMS IN CONNEXION THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Pryor Stockman and
John Bennett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th March. 1874.
We, BENJAMIN PRYOR STOCKMAN, of No. 3, Poets' Corner, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and JOHN BENNETT, of
No. 60, Lorrimore Road, Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN'
LAMPS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE METHOD OF
ARRANGING AND USING GLASS PRISMS IN CONNEXION THEREWITH," to be as
follows:―
Our Invention consists in making lamps for railway carriages, railway
signals, ships' lights, and for public and private buildings and
dwellings, which lamps may either burn parafin or other mineral oils or
other lamp oils, and to which lamps we apply prismatic reflectors or
refractors or other appliances as herein described.
We use a chimney of glass to cover the flame, but in some cases as for
example in lamps for carriage roofs we use short glasses chimnies

page_text: sufficient in length to surround the flame, to which when necessary wo
add metal tubes to increase the length and improve the combustion.
We also use glass prismatic reflectors upon the refractive principle.
These we place horizontally or vertically and in an annular form or
polygonal form, so placed as to reflect the light of the lamp downwards,
upwards, or in any other required direction, or we use single rings or
two or more concentric rings of the same annular or polygonal prisms,
such annular or polygonal prisms being composed of segments or entire,
and set in metal framework, or naked.
The same prisms are made either plane, all faces, plano-convex,
double convex, or of the meniscus form, so as to magnify the amount of
light or concentrate it or diffuse it as may be required.
We apply our Invention to existing lanterns & lamps of railway
carriages, and also to ordinary gas & other lamps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mac Callan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1874.
I, GEORGE MAC CALLAN, of Johnstone, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in reflectors for
distributing the light of burning gas or oil, has for its object to diffuse
the light more perfectly than is obtained with the constructions of
reflectors now in use.
6
The Invention consists in placing at the central part of the ordinary
sun light" reflector another reflector, the upper part of which is
inclined in a direction opposite to that of the "sun light" reflecting
surface proper, and the lower part inclined in a parallel direction, or
These two
nearly so, to that of the "sun light" reflecting surface.
opposed reflecting surfaces are connected together with a vertical or

page_text: concave reflecting surface, and the light to be reflected is situated
intermediately to the several reflecting surfaces.
The improved arrangement of reflecting surfaces herein-before described
as placed at the centre of an ordinary "sun light" reflector may also be
used without such ordinary "sun light."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND WORKING OF DIRECT-ACTING PUMPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Lee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1874.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM LEE, of Number 9, Emanuel Road, Cambridge,
in the County of Cambridge, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND WORKING
OF DIRECT-ACTING PUMPS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in placing the working barrel of the pump at
the bottom of the pump instead of the top, as is usual with pumps, and
connecting the bucket or valve (which may be made of leather, brass,
or iron, at pleasure) by means of a long rod running up the inside of
the barrel and connecting at the top by means of a handle or crank,
according to circumstances. The top part of the pump in which the
rod works and through which the water rises is contracted so as just to
allow the action and free play of the rod in the barrel. In this barrel
(which may be made of zinc, iron, or copper, at pleasure) is fitted a
guide to steady the rod in its upward and downward motion.

page_text: The improvements in this Invention consist,―
First. In putting the working barrel close to the blast holes at the
bottom of the pump in order to do away as much as possible with the
power created by the vaccuum which is produced by the upward stroke
of the pump.
Secondly. In the contracting of the top part of the barrel to do
away with the weight of the column of water above the bucket or
valve.
Thirdly. By placing the valve or bucket at the bottom of the pump and
connecting it by means of a long rod the wear and tear of the bucket
and the working barrel is reduced to one-fourth the ordinary wear and
tear of ordinary pumps, and consequently will last four times as long as
pumps in ordinary use.
I propose to make the above pumps double or single or of any kind
of material as above described, and to connect the contracted or top part
of the pump with the working barrel by means of a socket or flange
joints.
Year: 1874

page_text: attacuing in the most useful manner adjustable shoots for directing the
cargo as it enters the vessel's hold, and for causing it to fill up the sides'
and corners of the hold by its own gravitation to a higher level than it
would otherwise 'do.
وو
The "shoots are shewn at B, B1, B2, in Figures 1 and 2, as set at a
particular angle. They are in part, or they may be wholly curved for
the "purposes described, the angles and curves being variable to suit
different cargoes and forms of vessels.
I do not confine the application of my Invention to the sides of
hatchways, but I propose to apply it also to the hatchway ends as
occasion requires.
The shoots are composed of three parts, the middle part B¹ being made
fast to the ship's beams, and the other parts B and B being hinged as
shown at a and b. The part B of the shoot is supported by links or
jointed arms c, which connect it with the side of the combing, and the
part B is supported by chains d for the purpose of regulating the angle
at which the shoots may be set. This arrangement of shoot I describe
by preference, but the shoots may be modified and fixed at permanent
angles if required or rendered easily removable. An advantage inci-
dental to this method of supporting the shoots is that they may be folded
up out of the way of cargoes, for which they are not suitable for loading,
the part B being thrown up to the dotted position of Fig. 2 by depressing
the jointed arms or links c and the part B2 lifted up and secured to the
under side of the deck by its chains, d.
By preference I contemplate the use of iron for the construction of
the combings and the shoots, but I do not restrict myself to the use of
this or any other suitable material.
I may also remark that I do not restrict myself to the use of the
oblique or expanded hatchway sides and ends conjointly with the shoots
above described; by preference I use them conjointly, but I claim their
separate use as occasion may require, either without the other.
I also claim the use of one part with or without the other, for the
purposes above described, in any part or parts of the vessel to which
they are applicable, i.e., they may be used for filling coal bunkers
and bridge houses in steam vessels or any other erection, on any

page_text: vessel into which loose matter may be guided in the manner above
described..
In witness whereof, I, the said John Price, have hercunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING SNOW AND OTHER MATTERS FROM TRAMWAYS AND RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Henry Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Charles H. Perkins and James L. Stowe, both of the City and
County of Providence, and State of Rhode Island, United States of
America.
I, GEORGE HENRY SMITH, of Finsbury Place, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING SNOW AND OTHER MATTERS FROM
TRAMWAYS AND RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The Invention, which I will describe as applied to a tramway car,
consists in mounting a plough in advance of the car wheels in such a
manner that when in the position for operating it will adapt itself in
respect to position and clevation from the track to the loaded state of
the car, so that whether the car be empty and light or heavily loaded
the plough will be held in the same position and at the same distance
above the track or rail. Moreover, the plough is so arranged that
should it meet an immoveable obstruction, such as high joints or spikes
on the track, it will be swung rearward until it can pass over it, and
then be returned to its normal position.

page_text: The ploughs, which are arranged to fit all kinds of rails, are made of
such a form as to lift up and throw off to one side the snow, sand, mud,
or stones which may encumber the track.
The position of each plough is adjusted by means of a rocker and
vertical crank shaft, the two being connected by a chain wound up by
means of a break, whereby the shaft is caused to swing the plough into
the desired position with its point down near the track which it is to
clear. When the motion of the crank is reversed, a spring located in
the body of the car raises the plough high above the track or rail. The
ploughs are put down by means of the break when starting out, and
require no further attention until the car arrives at the terminus of the
route.
Although chiefly designed for street railroads the improved ploughs of
this Invention are to a certain extent adapted to other railroad carriages
and locomotive engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW BOLTS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Archer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1874.
I, JOHN ARCHER, the younger, of Wednesbury, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare tlie nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW BOLTS
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the machines called "Olivers" used for
the manufacture of screw bolts and other like articles, the said "Olivers"
consisting essentially of a bed containing the lower shaping tools and
two or more heads or hammers in which the upper shaping tools are
[fixed. The said heads or hammers are usually worked direct by the foot
of the workman.
My Invention consists of the mechanical combination and adaptation
of parts herein-after described for working the said heads or hammers by
steam or other motive power, whereby a great saving of labour results,
and the screw bolts and other similar articles are rapidly and
economically made.

page_text: In constructing an "Oliver" bolt-making machine having two heads
or hammers, according to my Invention I fix on a horizonal shaft driven
by steam or other motive power by means of a pulley and driving band
a clutch, the said clutch having teeth or projections on opposite faces.
On the driving shaft and on either side the fixed clutch is a sliding
clutch, cach sliding clutch being provided with an excentric. A clip
passes round the excentric and a connecting rod on the said clip is con-
nected to an arm on the spindle to which the head or hammer is fixed.
When the sliding clutches on the shaft have been thrown into gear with
the fixed clutch, the said sliding clutches partake of the rotatory motion
of the driving shaft, and by means of the excentrics and connecting rods
described a vibratory motion is given to the spindles carrying the heads
or hammers, and the said heads or hammers are made to operate upon
the heated lengths of iron in the bed. The return or back motion of the
heads or hammers is effected by springs in the usual manner.
The combined sliding clutches and excentrics are thrown into and out
of gear with the fixed clutch on the driving shaft, by means of weighted
levers operated by the hand or foot of the workman. The inner ends of
the said levers are forked and engage with collars on the sliding
clutches.
When the levers are loosed they are returned to their original position
by the weights, and the clutches are thrown out of gear and the machine
comes to rest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Constant Herveux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd.
April 1874.
I, CONSTANT HERVEUX, of Shere, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING, AND
IN APPARATUS USED THEREFOR," to be as follows:
-
This Invention consists in an improved method of and apparatus for
tanning hides and skins, whereby the process of tanning is greatly
accelerated and the color of the leather very much improved.
The following is an example of my said Invention :-The apparatus
which I employ for tanning consists of a rotating cage, inside of which
are stretched the hides or skins to be tanned. This cage I propose to
construct in the following manner :-The two ends which form the top and
bottom of the said cage I make of a circular or polygonal shape, but I
prefer making them octagonal; the area of each being about the same
as that of the hides. These two ends I unite together by means of a
serics of straight bars or supports, which in the case of octagonal ends
would be eight in number. The length of these bars vary according

page_text: to the number of hides which it is intended to tan in each apparatus.
The cage thus formod is furnished with trunions fixed in the centre
of the two ends above described, and by means of which a rotary
motion may be imparted thereto.
I will now proceed to describe the manner by which hides and skins
may be tanned by means of the above apparatus.
After the hides have been prepared in the usual way for tanning I
stretch them in the aforesaid cage, either vertically or horizontally, and
by preference in a spiral position; keeping them in such position by
means of strings, or otherwise, attached to the bars or supports of the
said cage.
The space between each hide must be sufficient to prevent them
touching each other, and in order that the back or heavy part of the
hides shall also be kept asunder I place between them a number of thin
movable laths, which I move. about with the liquor so that no mark
thereof shall be left on the hides. I place the cage containing the hides
vertically and in suitable bearings in an ordinary tanning pit containing
oak bark and water or other tanning liquor, and from time to time I
apply a slow rotary motion to the apparatus in order to keep the tanning
liquid thoroughly mixed, and owing to the spiral position of the hides.
the liquor is brought up and down and made to pass in equal quantity
and strength between the hides, besides driving out all air, thus giving
an uniform color to the leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING VESSELS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Macaulay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1874.
I, HENRY MACAULAY, of Elm Bank, Kingston-on-Thames, in the
County of Surrey, Captain 5th Royal Lancashire Militia, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is steering vessels by employing an
ordinary paddle wheel or paddle apparatus athwart the vessel at the
stern or at some suitable part, so that she can be moved over in any
direction and at any convenient speed according to the direction in
which the paddle is turned. I purpose driving or operating the paddle
wheel from the ordinary propeller shaft of a screw propelled vessel,
through, say, a bevil wheel thereon caused to gear with a pinion upon a
vertical shaft, whose upper end has also a pinion upon it to take into
one or other of a couple of clutch pinions upon a shaft, on the outer end
of which the steering wheel is mounted. The steering wheel is arranged

page_text: within a suitable casing so that its blades skim the water like the blades
of a vessel provided with paddles at the sides.
I have referred to bevel pinions as being employed, but other gearing
such as chain or shafting can be used instead, and the chain gearing
would be preferable in the case of fitting my steering wheel at the stern
of an ordinary paddle propelled vessel, because the chain could be rove
through guide blocks from the main shaft which is generally situated
AN IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Butler Clarke, of Nottingham, in the
County of Nottingham, but temporarily of 4, South Street, Finsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
WASHING MACHINE."
Sealed the 21st April 1874, and dated the 19th February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Butler Clarke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th February 1874.
I, ALFRED BUTLER CLARKE, of Nottingham, in the County of
Nottingham, but temporarily of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED WASHING MACHINE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved washing
machine whereby the washing or cleansing of dirty or soiled clothes or

page_text: · linen, or other like articles, is effected in a more easy and rapid manner
than hitherto, and with a less expense of soap and soda or other washing
materials.
The improved washing machine is constructed of a suitable tub or case
supported on legs or otherwise, so as to be raised the required height
from the ground. Through the centre of the bottom of the tub or case
passes a short axis working in a suitable water-tight bearing; the upper
end of this axis is provided with a number of horizontal arms or beaters
arranged round it radially like the spokes of a wheel; the lower end of
the said axis below the bottom of the tub is connected by means of a
jointed arm to a vertical rocking lever moving on a centre or fulcrum on
the side of the tub; the lower end of the rocking lever is provided with
a counterweight, and the upper end thereof is provided with a handle.
A second jointed arm similar to that herein-before described connects
the said lever at a short distance above the top of the tub with a vertical
axis working in a cross piece on the top of the tub, the lower end of the
said axis being provided with radial arms or beaters similar to those
herein-before described.
The upper vertical axis and its arms are arranged so that they may be
raised and turned over outside the tub to allow of the introduction of
the articles to be washed or cleansed between the beaters.
By this improved construction of machine the articles to be washed
or cleansed being placed between the beaters as herein-before described,
and the required quantity of washing liquid poured into the tub, a
backward and forward or rocking movement must be communicated to
the vertical lever by means of its handle, whereby the said axes with
their radial arms will be caused to partly revolve in opposite directions
in such a manner that the clothes or other articles placed between the
beaters will become washed or cleansed in a very short time. Tho
counterweight at the end of the vertical lever renders the working of the
machine very easy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE- SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Marsden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1874.
I, ROBERT MARSDEN, of 99, Division Street, Sheffield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-
SHOES," to be as follows :—
I prepare a bar or bars of iron or steel of the size or sizes I require for
the different kinds of shoes, and then by means of well known apparatus
by passing the said bar or bars through rolls of the requisite form I
make one or two deep grooves in the said bar or bars, according to what
I may requiro. Having got my bar or bars rolled with one or two
grooves, as the case may be, and of the necessary depth in proportion to
the thickness of the shoe to be made, I pass the said bar or bars through
another pair of rolls so formed as to close the groove or grooves on the
upper or open surface, so that the said grooves when viewed in section
have the appearence in the said groove or channel of the inner portion of
the letter U, or two such letters placed side by side, that is to say, the
grooves or channels thus formed become slightly narrower on the top or
open side than at the bottom. I thus get a form of groove such that

page_text: when the shoe is in wear gravel or dirt will accumulate in the groove and
become very hard, and it will remain embedded in the groove till the
shoe is worn out. This gives a shoo of great lightness and yet of great
durability, and gives to the horse wearing it a firm grip upon the road,
and so prevents slipping.
Having got my bar or bars of the form described abovo I cut them
into pieces of the requisite length, bend them into the form of shoes,
punch the holes, and the operation is complete.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Shepherd and Alfred
Shepherd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th November 1874.
We, EDWIN SHEPHERD and ALFRED SHEPHERD, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH WINDOW SASHES"
(to be as follows):
:-
This Invention relates to all descriptions of windows in which one,
two, or more sashes can be moved up and down or to and fro, and
consists in the employment at the top, bottom, side, or any other part of
the window, of a sheet of wire gauze wound or coiled on a spring roller,
and having one end of the sheet attached to the sash, so that when the
window is more or less opened the space is covered by the gauze, and
thereby not only prevents the ingress of dust and insects, but allows a
proper ventilation and circulation of air without the inconvenience and
danger of draughts.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THRASHING AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Potterton Fison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1874.
I, JOHN POTTERTON FISON, of Teversham, in the County of Cambridge,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO THRASHING AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improved safety feeding guards and elevators
for thrashing machines, the same being applicable also to other machines,
such as seed drawers, maize shellers, chaff cutters, and grinding mills.
I will describe the Invention as applied to a thrashing machine :―
The improved safety feeding guard is to be applied to the drum of the
thrashing machine for the protection of the attendant from accident by
approching too near to or falling on to the revolving beaters.
According to my Invention I employ one or more revolving cylinders,
constructed preferably of an open or skeleton framework, and disposed
in the feed hopper or other feed aperture of the machine. This cylinder

page_text: (if only one be employed) is fitted to turn in slotted bearings, being
quite free to rise and fall from and to the mouth of the drum to give
admittance to the matters to be fed thereto, or to close the same when
no feed is taking place, and so prevent any person getting entangled in
the revolving beaters. The cylinders may be regulated by springs,
weights, or otherwise, if necessary.
For elevating corn, chaff, pulse, or any grain, refuse seeds, or other
matters acted on by the thrashing or other machines I employ one or
more archimedean screws, each constructed with one or more threads or
blades, and which may be encased in a revolving barrel, or revolve in a
fixed shell, as may be convenient. The said screw or screws receive
motion from any convenient shaft; and with the screw may be combined
a fan or wind box to enable the elevated grain, corn, or pulse to be
cleaned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SCARF RINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Bricknell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1874.
I, GEORGE HENRY BRICKNELL, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR SCARF RINGS," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
My Invention consists of a spring catch or loop which may be
attached at will to the back of the scarf ring for the purpose of
preventing the usual displacement or slipping of the ring in wear.
I take a strip of hardened or tempered metal and bend or double it
into a V form, I then bow or curve outwards the one side of the V form
as a spring, the free end standing up as a thumb piece; the other side of
the V form I also bend or double over with the free end downwards,
making a spring catch or clip, which when the ring has been adjusted

page_text: on the scarf is hooked upon the back of the ring, the V form with the
bowed or curved spring pressing down inside the ring and keeping the
same in place by impinging against the back surface of the scarf, and
the inside of the back of the ring.