IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMATURES FOR DYNAMO OR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES AND ELECTRIC ENGINES AND MOTORS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMATURES
FOR DYNAMO OR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES AND ELECTRIC ENGINES
AND MOTORS." A communication from abroad by Thomas Alva Edison, of
Menlo Park, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brower at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1881.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMATURES FOR DYNAMO OR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES
AND ELECTRIC ENGINES AND MOTORS." (A communication from abroad by
Thomas Alva Edison, of Menlo Park, in the State of New Jersey, United States
of America.)
This Invention relates to the armature that revolves between the field or
actuating magnets, or around which such magnets revolve in a magneto or dynamo
electric machine or an electric engine or motor.
The object of the present Invention is to provide for removing and replacing one
or more coils of the armature without disturbing the remainder of the coils.
For the active or generative portions of the armature, coils of wire or naked bars
are used, electrical connections from face to face being made through discs, as next
described.
If each longitudinal set of wires or each bar be considered as one coil, a series
of discs equal in number to half the coils is used at each end af the armature.
These discs are made of sheet metal, preferably copper, and are separated each
from the other by a layer of insulating material.
Those of each series are fastened together by bolts passing through holes in all
the discs of the series, the bolts being insulated therefrom by insulating washers.
The bolts take into screw holes in the ends of the armature itself, so that they not
only bind the members of a series together, but also secure the series to the armature
core itself, which core is made preferably of sheet iron discs separated from each
other by sheets of insulating material.

page_text: For the non-commutator end of the armature the discs are made of sheet metal
perforated in the centre to admit of the armature shaft passing therethrough, but
insulated therefrom and from each other.
Upon opposite sides of each disc is left a lug or ear by which the disc is attached
to its proper bars or wires, so that the circuit at that end is completed between the
two diametrically opposite bars or coils.
For the commutator end the discs are made of sheet metal, each disc having two
ears or lugs upon its periphery for attachment of the wires or bars which it is
desired to connect at that end.
Near the centre two segmental pieces of the metal are cut out, leaving a metal
tongue between them, which tongue is cut away from the body of the disc at one
end and then bent outwardly at right angles.
The tongue so bent out is carried to the commutator block, forming the con-
nection of the disc thereto.
The lugs or ears upon the discs at this end of the armature are so arranged
relatively to each other and to the tongues referred to, and the bar or coils are so
connected to the series of discs that all or nearly all the coils or bars are constantly
in circuit.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th September 1881.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMATURES FOR DYNAMO OR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES
AND ELECTRIC ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Thomas Alva Edison,
of Menlo Park, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America.
In British Letters Patent, No. 3964, of September 30, 1880, for improvements in
dynamo or magneto electric machines, applicable to both generators and engines,
means are set forth for removing and replacing one or more coils of an armature
for said machines without removing the remainder of the coils.
The object of this Invention is to furnish another means for the same purpose, to
which end it consists in the features more particularly hereinafter set forth and
claimed. For the active or generative portions of the armature, coils of wire or
naked bars are used, electrical connection from face to face being made through
disks as hereinafter described. If each longitudinal set of wires or each bar be
considered as one coil a series of disks equal in number to half the coils is used at
each end of the armature. These disks are made of sheet metal, preferably copper,
and are separated each from the other by a layer of insulating material, such as
mica, paper, asbestos, or wood veneer. Those of each series are fastened together
by bolts passing through holes in all the disks of the series, the bolts being
insulated therefrom by insulating washers. The bolts take into screw holes in the
ends of the armature itself, so that they not only bind the members of a series
together but also secure the series to the armature itself. For the non-commutator
end of the armature the discs are made of sheet metal perforated in the center to
admit of the armature shaft passing therethrough, but insulated therefrom. Upon
opposite sides of each disk is left a lug or ear by which the disk is attached to its
proper bars or wires, so that the circuit at that end is completed between the two
diametrically opposite bars or coils.
For the commutator end the disks are made of sheet metal, each disk having
two ears or lugs upon its periphery for attachment of the wires or bars which it is
desired to connect at that end. Near the center two semi circular pieces of the
metal are cut out, leaving a metal tongue between them, which tongue is cut away
from the body of the disk at one end, and then bent outwardly at right angles.
The tongue so bent is carried to the commutator block forming the connection of
the disk thereto. The lugs or ears upon the disks at this end of the armature are
not diametrically opposite to each other, but are so arranged relatively to each
other and to the tongue referred to, and the coils or bars are so connected to the
series of disks that all or nearly all the coils or bars are constantly in circuit.
This construction is illustrated in the Drawing, in which
Fig. 1 shows the series of disks upon the armature shaft.
2 is a perspective view, showing the elements of armature.
"3
"
,, segregated to show the construction, and
3 is an elevation of a disk for the commutator end.
C is the armature shaft upon which is, mounted the armature core D formed of
sheet iron disks separated from each other by thin insulating sheets.
B is an individual disk of the series M¹ for the non commutator end made of
sheet metal with lugs or ears b, b, thereon. A is an individual disk of the series M
of the commutator end provided with lugs a, a. In each are cut the two semi-
circles d, d, between which is left the tongue c, which is cut loose from the body of
the disk at e. This tongue is bent outwardly and fastened to the commutator
base H. The commutator H is formed of an insulating cylindrical body of one
piece mounted upon the axis of the armature, and with grooves in its face equal

page_text: in width to the tongue c. The disks A are arranged upon the shaft so that each
has its tongue copposite the proper groove in H; the tongue is then bent
outwardly and secured in its proper groove. This is clearly shown in Fig. 2,
where the tongue c of one disk A is shown as connected to H; the others, as many
as are used, are connected in the same way in proper order to H, two being shown
in Fig. 1, the others being omitted so that the drawings be not obscured. Bolts I
pass through holes g in the disks, but are insulated from the body of the disks,
the disks being insulated from each other. The inner ends of the bolts are screw
threaded, and take into screw holes h in the body of the armature, thereby securing
the disks together, and the assemblage of disks to the armature.
Appropriate disks of each series are connected in pairs by the coils or bars E, E,
bars being preferable, the attachment of discs and bars being made by screws
passing through the lugs into the bars. For instance, upon the side shown, disks
1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8, 9 and 10, 11 and 12, 13 and 14, 15 and 16,
17 and 18, are connected. Upon the side not shown the connections would be
different, the lugs a, a, and tongue c of each disk being so arranged relatively to
each other that the path of the current through the armature to the commutator on
each side shall be as described in said Patent of September 30, 1880, so that all or
nearly all the coils shall be always in circuit. It is evident that instead of having
the lugs a, a, or b, b, the disks may be plain upon the edge, and that the bars may
be attached thereto by screws or solder or other suitable fastening, although the
lugs or ears are preferable for attachment.
It is evident that instead of whole disks half or about half. disks might be used,
though for stability and firmness the whole disks are to be preferred. It is also
evident that the bars E, E, are to be insulated from each other and from the
core D. This is done preferably by a small intervening air space, the bars being
left naked.
What is claimed is,―
First. A rotating armature having its ends composed of disks, to which are
united the active coils or bars, substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination with the commutator of an armature end composed of
disks having tongues integral therewith for electrical union with the commutator,
substantially as set forth.
Third. The combination in a revolving armature of a series of disks and bars,
the disks connecting electrically the bars in couples, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The disks for the commutator end of a revolving armature provided
with a tongue, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. In an armature whose core is longitudinally wound with a continuous
conducting coil, a coil composed of longitudinal conducting bars combined with
cross connecting disks or plates.
Sixth. An armature coil composed of longitudinal bars or strips combined with
cross connecting disks which at one end of the armature connect the two bars of
one set, and at the other end of the armature connect the terminal bar of one set
with the initial bar of the next succeeding set, the latter disks being connected up
with the commutator.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sighty one