Meters and Motors.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 11th Jan.,
1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Electric Meters and Motors.
ARTHUR WRIGHT GEORGE HERBERT ALDERTON, and GEORGE JOSEPH PHILPOTT
Electrical Engineers Gloucester Road, Brighton, Sussex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists essentially of electric meters and motors worked by a com-
bination of specially designed electro-magnets which produce a shifting magnetic
field of force when energised by an alternating current, and suitable metallic bodies
or armatures placed in the shifting field so produced.
The armatures for well known reasons will tend to rotate or follow the movement
of the lines of force as shown in Arago's celebrated experiment of a metallic disc
tending to rotate when placed in proximity to a revolving magnet. We thus obtain
a method for producing a rotation of an armature by alternating currents for electro
Our
motor or meter purposes without having to use any collector or commutator.
method differing essentially froin the means producing similar rotations described by
Messrs. Borell & Paccaud in their 1888 Patent No 1383.
In order to produce the shifting or rotation of the magnetic field we use peculiarly
shaped laminated electro magnets, in which the phase or wave of alternating polarity
or inagnetisin is made by means to be described below, to move forward gradually
along the pole pieces, which wholly or partly surround or enclose the armature
instead of the wave of alternating magnetism occurring in all these parts
simultaneously.
The movement of the lines being made to move in the direction in which it is
wished that the arinature shall rotate.
The following are the methods for delaying the phase of alternating magnetisu
reaching all parts simultaneously.
(1) By relying only on the magnetic inertia of the iron or steel of the pole pieces
for retarding the flow of magnetism along parts not directly covered by the main
magnetising coil.
(2) By surrounding the parts uncovered by the main magnetising coil with
metallic conductors such as wires joined on themselves, or cast iron or other metal
pole pieces so wound or shaped that the currents induced in them will more & more
retard the wave of magnetism as the distance from the main magnetising coil
increases.
(3) By gradually diminishing the insulation between the lamination of the iron or
steel in the parts outside the main coil so as to make the parts more & more solid &
thus permit the formation of Foucault currents on the iron or steel itself, which will
retard the phase of magnetismn in proportion to their intensity.
When the above combination is used as a recording meter the axis of the
armature is geared into a counting train and the number of revolutions of the
armature will be nearly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through
the main magnetising coil. It thus makes a coloumb ineter for alternating current. In
order to correct any error due to the gradual saturation of the magnets or arinature
we prefer to use vanes made of thin suitable material such as mica which by centrifugal
or other forces are made to oppose gradually diminished surfaces to the air as their
speed increases.
Again by using specially designed transformers the principle enunciated iu
method (2) can be applied so as to enable an armature connected to a counting
train placed near the transformner to be rotated by the same gradual flow of magnetisin
through the transformer irons, and thus provide a means of making each transformer

page_text: its own meter of the quantity of electricity passing out of, or through its secondary
coil.
When the above combination is used for motor purposes, in order to increase the
torque we wind the armature, preferably made of laminated iron, with coils closed on
themselves in which currents are set up by the alternating magnetism of the sur-
rounding electro magnets. The drawings will show the methods of applying the
above principles in various ways. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9 show some of the
forms of electromagnets made of laminated sheet iron stampings designed for meter
& motor purposes in which the methods 1, 2 & 3 are adopted for obtaining a
gradual flow of alternating magnetisin along the pole pieces or parts surrounding or
surrounded by the armature; as this may be either disc, cylinder or other suitable
shape the designes may be varied accordingly, and the inventors do not confine
theinselves to these exact forins only as the number modifications of them & the
variety of others in which the above principle of concentrating a shifting inagnetic
field in or round the space occupied by the arinature is endless. The chief intention of
designing the magnets as depicted in the drawings being to force or lead the shifting
field or lines of force through the mass of the armature.
In the drawings A represents the armature B is the laminated electro magnet
with its poles D. B, B2, B4, B5, B8, B7 & B8 the sheet iron stampings out of which the
various forms of magnets are made.
E represents the metallic winding on the pole pieces, which may be either in
sections or continuous & F the cast iron or metal shoes on the poles for retarding
the magnetic flow along the poles. G is the counter when the combination is used
for meter purposes.
The magnets may be so shaped as to magnetise a ring or hollow armature from the
inside.
Fig. 10 shows the armature A with its counting train G placed in juxtaposition to
the primary & secondary coils of a transformer & at right angles to their plane.
The secondary coil in this case causing a gradual flow of the magnetism along the
irons in the direction of the arrow & the armature will tend to follow this.
Dated this 26th day of January 1889.
ARTHUR WRIGHT.
GEORGE HERBERT ALDERTON.
GEORGE JOSEPH PHILPOTT.
DIECIFICATION.
Electro Meters and Motors.
We, ARTHUR WRIGHT, GEORGE HERBERT ALDERTON, and GEORGE JOSEPH
PHILPOTT, Electrical Engineers, Gloucester Road, Brighton, Sussex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention consists essentially of electric meters and motors worked by a com-
bination of specially designed electro-magnets which produce a shifting magnetic
field of force when energised by an alternating current, and suitable metallic bodies
or armatures placed in the shifting field so produced.
These armatures for well known reasons will tend to rotate or follow the move-
ment of the lines of force as shown in Arago's celebrated experiment, of a metallic
disc tending to rotate when placed in proximity to a revolving magnet. We thus
obtain a method for producing a rotation of an armature by alternating currents for
electromotor or meter purposes without having to use any collector or commutator. Our
Imethod differing essentially from the means producing similar rotations described by
Messrs. Borel and Paccaud in their 1888 Patent No. 1383.
In order to produce the shifting or rotation of the magnetic field we use
peculiarly shaped laminated electro magnets, in which the phase or
wave of

page_text: alternating polarity or inagnetism is made by ineans to be described below, to nove
forward gradually along the pole pieces, which wholly or partly surround or enclose
the armature instead of the wave of alternating magnetism occuring in all these
parts simultaneously.
The movement of the lines being made to move in the direction in which it is
wished that the arinature shall rotate.
The following are the methods for delaying the phase of alternating magnetism
reaching all parts of the curved pole pieces simultaneously.
(1.) By relying only on the magnetic inertia of the iron or steel of the pole pieces
for retarding the flow of magnetism along parts not directly covered by the main
magnetising coil.
(2.) By surrounding the parts uncovered by the main magnetising coil with metallic
conductors such as copper wires joined on themselves or cast iron or other metal
pole pieces so wound or shaped that the currents induced in them will more and
inore retard the wave of magnetism as the distance from the main magnetising coil
increases.
(3.) By gradually diminishing the insulation between the lamination of the iron
or steel of which the pole pieces are composed in the parts outside the main coil so
as to make the parts more and more solid and thus permit the forination of Foucault's
currents in the iron or steel itself which will retard the phase of magnetism in
proportion to their intensity.
In
When the above combination is used as a recording meter the axis of the armature
is geared into a counting train and the number of revolutions of the armature will
be nearly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the main
magnetising coil. It thus makes a Coulomb meter for alternating currents.
order to correct any error due to the gradual saturation of the magnets or armature
we sometimes use vanes made of thin suitable material such as mica which by
centrifugal or other forces are made to oppose gradually diminished surfaces to the
air as their speed increases.
Again by using transformers the principle enunciated in method (2) can be applied
so as to enable an armature connected to a counting train placed near the transformer
to be rotated by the saino gradual flow of magnetism through the transformer iron
and thus provide a means of making each transformer its own meter of the quantity
of electricity passing out of or through its secondary coil.
When the above combination is used for motor purposes in order to increase the
torsional effort we wind the armature preferably made of laminated iron with coils
closed on themselves in which currents are set up by the alternating magnetism of the
surrounding electro magnets.
Figure 1 of the drawings shews in perspective a meter constructed in the manner
we prefer for carrying out our invention.
A is the arinature shewn as being composed of a light wheel of iron-D are the
pole pieces of the electro magnet extending beyond the exciting coils and made to.
surround or partly surround the clrcumference of the arinature with which they are
concentric.
The electro magnet is shewn as being formed in the manner shewn at Figure 3
the coils being around the curved connecting piece by which the two pole pieces are
coupled together but it might be formed in other of the ways described. G is the
counter for recording the revolutions of the armature spindle and H H are vanes of
mica secured at their upper edge by sinall clips to arins which radiate from this
Spindle. The strips of mica being extremely thin and only held along their upper
edge will as they are carried round with the wheel be deflected somewhat from
their vertical position and oppose a gradually diminished surface to the air as the
speed increases.
I I are terminals through which the current is passed to the magnet windings.
JJaretorminals through which a feeble shunt current is passed to additional windings
as in other meters now made for the purpose of assisting in overcoming the inertia
of the meter. K is a casing.containing the train of recording wheels.

page_text: By making the pole pieces of the electro magnet to extend beyond the excitin
coils and by curving them concentrically with the armature so that they partly
surround or enclose the armature a very energetic action is obtained.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 show some forms in which the electro magnets
may be made for obtaining a gradual flow of alternating magnetism along the pole
pieces or parts surrounding the armature these pole pieces may be of laminated sheet
íron stampings.
The form shown at Figure 10 can be made from pieces stamped from sheet metal
without any bending being required. The armature may be either a disc or cylinder
or of other suitable shape.
We do not confine ourselves to these exact forms as many modifications may be
made in them.
In these figures A represents the armature- B is the laminated electro magnet
with its winding C and poles D-B B4 B RG B7 and B8 the sheet iron stampings
out of which the various forms of magnets shown at Figures 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8
are made.
E represents the metallic winding on the pole pieces this winding is of copper or
other good conductor and may be either in sections or continuous-F represents cast
iron shoes or metal on the poles for retarding the magnet flow along the poles. The
retardation of the magnetic flow along the pole pieces may also be obtained by
rivetting or soldering together near their extremity the several plates of which they
are composed. G is the counter when the combination is used for meter purposes.
The magnets may be so shaped as to magnetise a ring or hollow armature from the
inside.
Figure 11 shows the armature a with its counting train G placed in juxtaposition
to the primary and secondary coils of a transformer and at right angles to their
plane. The secondary coil in this case causing a gradual flow of the magnetisın along
the irons and the armature will tend to follow this.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. A meter in which an alternating electro magnet has pole pieces wholly or partly
surrounding a metallic armature which owing to their being made more or less solid
by reducing their lamination or surrounding them with closed coils prevent the waves
of magnetism reaching their whole extent simultaneously and so cause a virtual
shifting or rotation of a field which a metallic body or armature will tend to
follow.
2. A motor or a meter whose motor mechanism is composed of a disc or wheel
armature and an electro magnet one or both of whose pole pieces are prolonged
beyond its exciting coils and curved concentrically with the armature so as to lie
around or partly around its circumference.
3. A motor or meter constructed in the above manner and with the pole pieces
embraced at one or more points with a good conductor such as copper.
4. A motor or meter constructed in the above manner with laminated pole pieces
and with the conductivity from one plate to another of these pole pieces increased
towards the extremities of the poles.
5. The combination of a transformer and meter or motor substantially as
described.
6. The construction of meters and motors substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 27th day of November 1889.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents.