Improved Means for Preventing the Slipping or Skidding of the Wheels of Cycles.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 20th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 22nd Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Preventing the Slipping or Skidding of the
Wheels of Cycles.
I, JOHN GRAHAM, of 10 Caledonia Street, King's Cross, London, Ticket
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It is well known that the wheels of cycles, especially those in which pneumatic
tyres are employed, are liable to slip or skid laterally on the ground when the
wheel is inclined thereto, or to the direction of motion as when turning round a
corner for example. The object of the present invention is to prevent such slipping
or skidding and for that purpose I employ a band of metal or other suitable
material, applied circumferentially round the pneumatic or other elastic tyre.
This band may be made of any suitable section which offers a more or less sharp
or narrow edge adapted to cut into or otherwise grip the road in such manner as to
prevent the slipping or skidding of the wheel sidewise. One suitable section is
that of a segment of a circle with the convex side turned towards the tyre of the
wheel. The band being made somewhat smaller in diameter than the outer
circumference of the tyre its convex side sinks into, or becomes more or less
embedded, as it were, in the tread part of the tyre, so that it cannot slip off
sidewise, and as the convex side of the band offers no sharp edges presented to the
elastic tyre there is no fear of the latter being cut or injured by the band. On the
other band the two edges forming the sides of the convex surface of the band
presented to the road bite into the latter and prevent the lateral slipping or skidding
of the wheel as above described.
In some cases it may be desirable to employ suitable means, other than the mere
sinking or embedding of the band into the outer circumference of the tyre, to
retain the band in place, and prevent it from slipping off the elastic tyre, which
may happen for example in the event of a pneumatic tyre becoming punctured and
thereby reduced to a smaller diameter than is necessary to keep the band in place.
For this purpose the band may be made with an internal circumferential groove
adapted to receive a corresponding circumferential fillet formed on the tread of
the flexible tyre, or the fillet may be formed on the band' and the groove in the
tread of the tyre.
Or the band may be secured to the tyre and rim by laces or
otherwise.
The concave side of the circular segmental section may have formed on it a
central rib, preferably projecting further from the centre of the band than the
sides thereof, so that the said rib remains in contact with the road whether the
sides are in contact therewith or not, whereby the band is strengthened, and an
additional resistance to lateral slipping is afforded.
The cross section of the band may also be of U shape with the curved part of
the turned inwards towards the tyre, or generally of any shape that will offer
more or less sharp or narrow edges to the road, but well rounded surfaces to the
tyre, especially in the case of pneumatic tyres in order to avoid cutting or injuring
the same, which frequently occurs with certain devices heretofore employed to
prevent slipping or skidding.,

page_text: The band may be made as a complete ring, or it may be divided at one or more
points, the adjacent ends being connected together by any suitable known means.
Dated this 19th day of April 1895.
Per W. H. Beck,
115 Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.
Improved Means for Preventing the Slipping or Skidding of the
Wheels of Cycles.
I, JOHN GRAHAM, of 10ª Caledonia Street, King's Cross, London, Ticket
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, aud in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and, by
the following statement :-
It is well known that the wheels of cycles, especially those in which pneumatic
tyres are employed, are liable to slip or skid laterally on the ground when the
wheel is inclined. thereto, or to the direction of motion of the cycle, as when
turning round a corner for example. The object of the present invention is to
prevent such slipping or skidding, and for that purpose 1 employ a band of metal
more or less U-shaped in cross section; and applied circumferentially round the
tyre with its convex side inwards and its edges facing outwards. The said band is
preferably lodged in a groove made in the tread part of the tyre, or in the cover
thereof, so that it cannot slip off sidewise.
The accompanying drawing is a cross section through the rim, inflatable tube,
and outer cover of an ordinary pneumatic cycle wheel, with my invention applied
thereto.
A is the rim of the wheel, B the pneumatic tube shown inflated, C is the outer
cover, D is a groove or recess formed in the tread part of the said cover, and
E is the metal band, shown of circular segmental section, fitting into the groove D
of the cover C.
It will be seen that the edges E, E of the band E are well adapted to bite into
the road, and thereby prevent lateral skidding or slipping of the wheel when the
latter is inclined either to the right or left, or is turned at an angle to the direction
of motion of the cycle; and as the convex side of the baud offers no sharp edges
to the elastic material of the tyre there is no fear of the latter being cut or injured
by. the band.
To prevent the band E from slipping off, in the event of the pneumatic tube
becoming punctured and deflated, and thereby reduced to a smaller diameter than
iB necessary to keep the band in place, the latter may be secured to the cover C by
means of rivets passing through the band and the material of the outer cover at
the bottom of the groove: D..
In the drawing the band is shown applied in a groove in the tread part of the
outer cover of the tyre; but in cases where no outer cover is used the band' is
applied in a groove formed in the tyre itself; and it is obvious that the invention
is applicable to solid and cushion tyres as well as to pneumatic.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is, to be performed, I desire to have it
understood that I am aware that it is not new to apply a metal band, round, the
tyre of a cycle wheel either with or without a groove in such tyre to receive the
band, and that I make no claim generally to such arrangement, but that what I do
claim 18:-
The improved means for preventing the slipping or skidding of the wheels of

page_text: cycles, which consists in the employment of a band of metal of more or less.
U-shaped cross section, placed in a circumferential groove in the tread part of the
tyre, or of the cover thereof, with its convex side inwards and its edges outwards,.
substantially as described.
Dated this 20th day of January 1896
J. GRAHAM,
Per W. H. Beck,
115 Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.