IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BLADES OF MECHANICAL CUTTING MACHINES, AND IN THE BLADES OF SINGLE OR DOUBLE HANDLED CUTTING INSTRUMENTS, AND IN THE BLADES OF ORDINARY AND MECHANICAL SHEARS AND SCISSORS, AND IN THE HANDLES AND SPRINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Denis Jonquet, of 68, Mina Road, Old Kent Road,
Southwark, in the County of Surroy, Cutler, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BLADES OF MECHANICAL CUTTING MACHINES, AND
IN THE BLADES OF SINGLE OR DOUBLE HANDLED CUTTING INSTRUMENTS, AND IN
THE BLADES OF ORDINARY AND MECHANICAL SHEARS AND SCISSORS, AND IN THE
HANDLES AND SPRINGS FOR THE SAME."
Sealed the 19th February 1856, and dated the 26th November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Denis Jonquet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 26th
November 1855.
I, DENIS JONQUET, of 63, Mina Road, Old Kent Road, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Cutler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BLADES OF MECHANICAL CUTTING MACHINES, AND IN
THE BLADES OF SINGLE OR DOUBLE HANDLED CUTTING INSTRUMENTS, AND IN THE
BLADES OF ORDINARY AND MECHANICAL SHEARS AND SCISSORS, AND IN THE HANDLES
AND SPRINGS FOR THE SAME, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the application of ordinary and
notched blades to machines for cutting corn, grass, &c. These blades are
fixed or fastened to an endless chain. This chain is placed in two gears, so
as to be stretched in the same manner as a strap upon two pullies. These
gears impart to the blades a circular rotation. The remainder of the machine
is similar to ordinary machines of this sort.

page_text: I also make with notched or ordinary blades mechanical shears and scissors
to cut corn, borders of garden, &c. These shears are fixed upon wheels, in the
same manner as that of machines for cutting corn, and they are attached to an
arched piece, in the same manner as the latter, at about the height of the
blades, to bring back the corn towards the blades. It also carries a wheel, at
about the height of the corn to pass down the latter. These mechanical
shears may be moved by the hand of a man driving the apparatus before him,
and by means of a lever he put into operation the cutting blades. I also make
these kinds of shears, whose cutting blades are set in motion by the wheels
that carry them. A gear is fixed upon one of these wheels, which impart
motion to the cutting blades in about the same manner as machines for
cutting corn.
I also make shears for cutting hedges and borders of garden, the blades of
I make these
which are very similar to the notches of the blades of saws.
blades of a dimension of about 1 inch and a half, and they are all moveable,
that is to say, they may be applied or removed at pleasure. I adopt this
system of notched blades to various tools for cutting wood, such as woodcutters'
tools, &c. As I have before said, the blades are moveable and notched, and
may be changed or replaced at pleasure by means of screws or bolts, according
to the work to be done. I adopt also this system of moveable and notched
blades to two branched or handled cutting tools of small dimension (shears,
scissors, &c). These notched blades are for facilitating the cutting of certain
materials; then I apply one of my improved springs to the handle of the shears
or scissors inwardly or outwardly, to set in motion the cutting blades or notched
blades.
I also apply to the moveable double-branched cutting blades grooves or
guides, similar to those of pruning scissors. Independently of the said grooves
or guides, which are to operate in a different manner, that is to say, that the
latter are to prevent the swerving or spreading of the two cutting edges, some
of those guides are constructed so as to extend the whole length of the cutting
blades.
I also apply to the double-branched moveable cutting tools guiding or
regulating pieces or blades. These blades are placed upon the other cutting
blades, and regulate, by means of screws or bolts, according to the height of
the cutting required.
I, moreover, make improved cutting blades for chopping knives or tools to
be used by the hand, or by mechanical means, for the use of cooks & pork
butchers. These blades are semicircular or round, and have a hinge at one of
the points, that is to say, at one of the ends of the straight line; and by means

page_text: of one or two improved springs I put the two blades into operation by pro-
ducing a rubbing, similar to the rubbing of a saw. I likewise make improved
semicircular blades of the same form as the latter for shaving knives: The
edges of those blades are slightly turned up.
I make, besides, with my system of moveable and notched blades, cutting
lead or other pincels. I place two blades by the side of each other by inclining
them slightly, and I regulate them by means of screws or bolts. My improved
springs are placed upon the handle, and keep the blades open when not in use.
These springs can be regulated by screws.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Denis Jonquet in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DENIS
JONQUET, of 68, Mina Road, Old Kent Road, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Cutler, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,'
the said Denis Jonquet, Her special licence that I, the said Denis Jonquet,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Denis
Jonquet, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BLADES OF
MECHANICAL CUTTING MACHINES, AND IN THE BLADES OF SINGLE OR DOUBLED HANDLED
CUTTING INSTRUMENTS, AND IN THE BLADES OF ORDINARY AND MECHANICAL SHEARS
AND SCISSORS, AND IN THE HANDLES AND SPRINGS FOR THE SAME," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Denis Jonquet, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Denis Jonquet, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is
to say:-
(No. 1), plan of a reaping machine. Figure A is the frame which supports
the carriage wheel B, and to which the driving wheel C is attached, which
gears into a small bevelled nut or pinion, which is keyed fast on the same
spindle as that of the first spur wheel e, which distribute the motion to tho
serio of the small spur wheels, Figures e, e, e, &c., which work into the
pinions f, and on to which pinions the circular blades or cutters are attached.
Figure D also shews a portion of the fiamo of the machine. Figures G are
iron pikes, which support and protect the stock of the corn during the process
of cutting with the circular blades; the remainder of this machine resembles
ány ordinary reaping machine.
No. 1 is a viow of the notched blade. This form of blade is preferable to
others.
•
No. 1er gives the front view of another arrangement of a frame to suit any
irregularities which may arise ou different lands.
(No: 2), Figue L, shews another arrangement of the notched blades.
Figure is the driving wheel, gearing with tho pinion f, and which also gives
rotation to the pulleys, Figs. h, h. These two pulleys work an endless chain,
upon which are affixed the notched blades, Fig. L.
(No. 3) shews another modification or système of notched blades. These
blades work with an alternato motion.
(No..4), Figs. L, L, view of notched blades, which work like a horizontal
see-saw, with both a right hand and left motion. The rest of the reaping
machine are like any other ordinary reaping machine; and all those blades may
be wrought cither with a sharp or smooth edge, or with a wrought barbed
sickle edge.
(No. 5) is the view of a mechanical shears to cut the borders of gardens, box,
&c. Fig. D is the frame, which carries two wheels, marked R, R. The right
wheel R. has a cog wheel, Figuro C, which gears with the pinion marked C, C,
and gives the rotation to the two small pulleys, which again transmit their
motion by bauds to the circular blades or knives, Fig. L, L; the pinion
marked C, C, gives also rotation to the cylinders, Figures m, m, m, by means
of straps, Figure k; those cylinders carry an endless band, Figure O, (see the
No. 5 bs, which is the side view of the machine, and the No. 5 t, which is the
view of the three cylinders and of the endless band.). The machine No. 5 docs

page_text: not shew the three cylinders, because it would prevent shewing the cutting
blades. The use of those cylinders is to bring down and to press the borders
against the edges of the cutting blades. Figure p, view of a small wheel to
regulate the height of the cutting blades: Figures 9, 9, are the iron arms and
wooden handles, whereby a man can push the machine along before him.
(No. 6) shews a garden shears. This shears is fitted with notched blades,
Figures L, L, which may be changed or replaced at pleasuré by means of
set screws. Those blades cut on both sides.
(No. 7) shows another modification of the garden shears. This shears is
made of three pieces; one of the blades has at one of its extremities a slot or.
groove clear through, by means of which groove a natural cutting motion is
communicated or imparted to the edge of the cutting blade, and the dead
chopping cut is avoided when cutting.
(No. 8), view of a pruning shears; it is on a similar principle as that of the
No. 7.
(No.: 9) exhibits a chopping knife, which may be used both as a pruning.
shears or as a chopping knife; it is on the same principle or system of numbers
7 and 8. The No. 9th is a notched blade. This blade may be affixed to
the chopping knife by means of screws. to place and replace the blades at
pleasure.
(No. 10) is a pruning shears, with a notched 'blade; Fig. L, which cuts the.
material on two sides.. This shears is, made of four pieces, and is nearly on.
the same principle of the Nos. 7 and 8.
(No. 11) exhibits a pair of pocket scissors for the purpose of entting cigars
and nails. The cutting blades, Figures L, L, are under the hinge. This
scissors has also a ear-picker, Fig. v; and a awl, Figure u, for piercing the.
cigars; this awl is closed or shuts between two small pins, Figure.T; one of
the same blade forms at the same time rasp for the nails. I also affix a pen-
knife and a.corkscrew to this sort of shears.
(No. 12) is a pair of shears or scissors with a single bow, the other part or.
handle being slightly bent, as shewn in Fig. 12, to suit the inside of the hand..
An india-rubber spring keeps the blades open, Fig. k. I also affix a 500-saw.
spring between the two keys or parts of the handles.
(No. 13), scissors having the hinge or nail hole behind the bow, is nearly in"
the same principle as the sheep shears. A band of india-rubber then keops.
them open, as shewn at Fig. k.
(No. 14), scissors having. the bows above thé nail hole, and Fig. k is a
spring.
(No. 15) is a viów of a pair of shears, or scissors having the handles
:

page_text: '
'
Figs. p, p, fixed on the blades, and Figure k is an india-rubber spring to keep
them open. No. 15 is the side view of this shears.
(No. 16), shears having the right handle affixed to the blade by means of a
hinge, Fig.f, and the left handle is nailed to the other blade by means of rivets
or screws. Figure k is a band of india-rubber, which can be regulated by
means of a screw bolt, Fig. D:
(No. 17), view of a new cutting pliers. Fig. k is an india-rubber spring,
which can be regulated at pleasure. No. 17 shews a plan view of the
cutting blade, which is of an angular form, with a seat made to receive the
same.
No. 18 are shears that have the springs regulated by means of two right
and left handed set screws, as shewn at Fig. x. The Figure a is a small guide
piece, in which the top blade plays to prevent its swerving or spreading
laterally.
No. 19 are set of shears with a hinge on the handle, Fig. f. The Figure
a is a notched groove or slot clear through one of the blades, the other blade
being placed in juxta facilits; its counterpart à small peg with a head to it,
which passes into the said groove. to prevent any lateral swerving of the two
blades. Figure k represents a see-saw spring, composed of one or several steel
blades; the said spring is placed at one end on a pivot, Fig. c, and which
arrangement admits of its being regulated to any required pressure by the
bolt, Fig. D. The small guide piece, Fig. A, serves to preserve its lateral
action or swerving.
⚫ No. 20 are shears which have the handles affixed to the blades by means
of two hinges, Figs.f.f. The lower part of this handle is made flat, and serve
the purposes of springs, as shewn at Figures k, k. The pressure is regulated
by means of a bolt and a screw nut, Fig. z.
-
No. 21 is a view of a spokeshave, of which the frame or blade holder is
made of cast iron, and the steel blades, Figures L, L, are affixed to it by means
of screw or rivets, and the edges of the two blades form a notch. The blade
holder has or bear a shoulder a little concave, like a small groove, to which the
upper part of the blade are made to fit in.
No. 22 exhibits the head of a hatchet or axe; in the centre of it is the
hole for a handle, and the two grooves or slots at the extremities are to receive
the blades, which may either be rivetted or fastened with screws.
No. 23 shews another hatchet or axe; the blade holder is in the same
principle of the No. 21, and the edges of the two blades are of a double
wedge or triangular configuration.
No. 24 exhibits a shaving knife; it is used for furs and skins. The blade,

page_text: Fig. L, is affixed or fastened between two wood handles by means of two
screws, Figs. m, m; the cutting part is semicircular, and the edge is slightly
turned up. The two square slots, Figures n, n, are to affix another blade of
the same form, and serves to guide the cutting blade, and the two blades are
fastened together by means of screws. Nearly all the ordinary blades abovo
mentioned can be replaced by notched blades.
Note I have shewn in the reaping machines only that portion which I have
improved.
What I claim as the novelty of my Invention, and what I desire to secure
by Letters Patent, is, the application to mechanical shears and to reaping
machines, of ordinary circular blades and of notched circular blades, and also
of other kind or sorts of notched blades; and to shears or scissors, of grooves
or gutters placed at the handles or at the blades to prevent the blades swerving
laterally from each other; also of hinges on the handles of the shears or
scissors; also of adjusting or perfecting springs, the force of which can be
regulated at pleasure, and made on the principle of a see-saw; and also of
india rubber springs affixed inside or outside of the shears or scissors; also of
garden shears and pruning shears with a groove at one end of the blades, and
composed of three or four moveable pieces with notched blades; and of the
shears, scissors, and tools exhibited or shewn by the Figures Nos. 11, 12, 18,
14, 15, 15, 20, and 24; and of hatchets or axe, chopping knives, spoke-
shaves, and sheep shears, with moveable blades, the whole arranged and acting
in the manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Denis Jonquet, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
DTONQUET