IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCT- ING AND APPLYING MODELS OR PATTERNS FOR MOULDING, PREPARATORY TO CASTING IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS, FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS.PATENT to John Hetherington, of the City of Manchester,
Machine Maker, and John Dugdale the younger, and Edward
Dugdale, both of. Blackburn, Machine Makers, all in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCT-
ING AND APPLYING MODELS OR PATTERNS FOR MOULDING, PREPARATORY
TO CASTING IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS, FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES."
Sealed the 8th July 1858, and dated the 27th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John. Hetherington,
John Dugdale, and Edward Dugdale, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th April
1853.
5 We, JOHN HETHERINGTON, of the City of Manchester, Machine
Maker, and JOHN DUGDALE the younger, and EDWARD DUGDALE, both
of Blackburn, Machine Makers, all in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING MODELS OR PATTERNS FOR MOULDING, PREPARA-
TORY TO CASTING IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES,
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in making the plate and pattern or
patterns in one casting in the following manner :-Take the patterns
intended to be used in the system of plate moulding, and mould them,
in the ordinary way, in a moulding box large enough to allow a margin
When the mould-
being left from the pattern to the edge of the box.
ing of the pattern or patterns has been completed, and the boxes
are being put together again, a space of of an inch or other suita-
ble width is left betwixt the boxes for the thickness of the intended
plate; and this opening round the outer part of the box being pro-
perly secured, the melted material is poured in, and the plate and
pattern or patterns is completed; and this process is equally applicable
to the making of two or more plates, with patterns, at one or more
opérations.
Secondly, in the following system of moulding pipes, circular work,
or segments of circular work. In Figs. I. and II. (see the annexed
sketches,) A, is the pattern or thing to be moulded, which is attached
to the plate B, by means of pedestals or bearings in which the said
pipe or other pattern can be made to revolve or oscillate. The
moulding box D, is placed on the top of the pattern A, and plate B,
(which are laying on a frame or bench E); the sand C, is then
rammed into the box D, in the usual way; the pattern A, is then
caused to revolve or oscillate in its bearings, by means of the handle F,
in order to give smoothness to the mould. For half circles and seg-
ments of circles, the mould is completed in this way, but for pipes or
circular work the operation is repeated to form the other half of the
mould:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Hetherington, John Dugdale, and Edward
Dugdale, in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 25th October
1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JOHN HETHERINGTON, of the City of Manchester, Machine Maker, and
JOHN DUGDALE the younger, and EDWARD DUGDALE, both of Blackburn,
Machine Makers, all in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Hetherington, John Dugdale,
and Edward Dugdale, Her especial licence that we, the said John
Hetherington, John Dugdale, and Edward Dugdale, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John
Hetherington, John Dugdale, and Edward Dugdale, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CONSTRUCTING AND APPLYING MODELS OR PATTERNS FOR MOULDING, PRE-
PARATORY TO CASTING IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METALS, FOR VARIOUS PUR-
POSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Hetherington, John Dugdale, and Edward Dugdale, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Hetherington, John
Dugdale, and Edward Dugdale, do hereby declare the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, (that is to say):
"
The first part of our Invention consists of an improved mode of
constructing or forming patterns or models used in the system of
moulding known as plate moulding," which is described in the
Specification of a Patent granted on the Thirty-first of January, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, to Peter Fairbairn, of Leeds, in
the County of York, Machinist, and to John Hetherington, the party
hereto. By the method therein described, such patterns or models as
can be moulded in the ordinary process in two parts, are divided in two
parts by a line corresponding with their broadest faces, and the parts
thus separated are attached to the opposite sides of an intermediate
plate, so as to be coincident, or have the same circumferential relation
to each other that they had before being divided. The operations to be
performed in constructing these patterns the method referred to (as
already stated) are the dividing of the pattern or patterns into two
parts, which, in some cases, cannot be accomplished without the destruc-
tion of one of the parts, so that two complete patterns will, in such
cases, be required to make two perfect and corresponding parts; then
the parts have to be attached to the plate, and some degree of nicety is
required in fixing them exactly opposite each other on each side of the
plate, or in fixing them in their true relation to each other, the plate
intervening. This limits the application of this system of moulding, as
its advantages over the ordinary system do not balance the cost of the
pattern, when a small quantity of castings from the same pattern or
patterns are only required. In our improved method of constructing
or forming the patterns, they are readily made by the moulder without
any of the difficulties of the mothod just described, as will be obvious
when explained, by which advantage the applicability of this system of
moulding is extended, by an economy of cost and time in production
of the patterns.
In our method the patterns or models required to be
formed into a plate pattern are moulded as in the ordinary manner, so
that one part of the pattern is in one half of the box, and the other in

page_text: the other half.
After the pattern or models have been removed, the
box is put together again, except that the two halves of the box, are
separated, parallel to their faces, to a distance equal to the thickness of
the plate required. It will now be obvious, if the sides of the box be
stopped so that the molten metal cannot leave it, that when it is
poured into the box it will fill the space between the boxes, and the
moulds of the patterns above and below the space, and by this means
will produce casts of the models or patterns, the divided parts of which
are formed on the opposite sides of the plate: this casting after being
dressed and smoothed, is ready for use as a plate pattern. As already
stated, in forming pattern plates by this method the pattern or patterns
must be moulded as in the ordinary manner, in which case, where more.
than one pattern is to be formed into a plate, channels must be formed
between such patterns, that the molten metal may pass to the different
patterns from the point of entrance as usual; a fac simile of these
channels will be formed on the plate, which will mould them in each
mould taken from it. Thus it will be seen that our method consists
only in taking a copy of the mould, made in the ordinary manner, upon
a
plate by casting. In moulding pattern plates, a box larger than that
necessary for the ordinary system of moulding such patterns should be.
used, so that such margin of plate can be moulded as may be required.
to cover the box intended to be used, and to form an handle and part-
for the holes, through which the pins of the box pass to keep the plate
fixed in its position between the boxes when the moulds are being
made from it. Such patterns as will not draw from the sand without
disturbing the mould, may have those parts of the pattern which are
overhanging, or what is termed "undercut," fitted to the pattern
loosely, to be afterwards withdrawn as explained in the Specification.
referred to. The Figs. 1, and 2, of the drawings annexed hereto,.
illustrate this part of our Invention; Fig. 1, shewing the plan view of
the half. of a moulding box, and the mould of a fly wheel as formed
by the ordinary process of moulding; and Fig. 2, section of the box
through the line A, B, when put together. a, is the mould of the wheel;
b. the sand level with the edge of the box c; d, is a rib of "core" sand,

page_text: which is placed on the sides of the box, to circumscribe the extent of
the plate of the intended pattern, and having parts d', left out to form
the "ears;" this rib of "core" sand is of the thickness of the intended
plate; e, are channels or "gateways," by which the metal may enter the
mould; f, Fig. 2 washers to keep the boxes at the required distance
asunder, according to the thickness of the plate required.
The second part of our Invention relates to the manner of applying
patterns in the moulding of spheres, circular work, or segments of cir-
cular work, in such manner as to give smoothness to the mould, which
we accomplish by revolving or oscillating the pattern. For the purpose
of illustrating and explaining this we refer to the Figs. 3, 4, and 5, of
the drawings; Fig. 3, being an end sectional view; Fig. 4, a longitu-
dinal section, and Fig. 5, a plan, shewing moulding box and the
arrangement of apparatus and pattern for the purpose alluded to above.
We will suppose that castings for pipes are required: 'the pattern of the
pipe (A) is placed upon a shaft. B; this shaft is fixed in bearings C,
which are secured to a board or plate D, and has its axis level or in
line with the upper side of the board or plate; the board or plate D, is
cut out to receive the pattern with clearance sufficient only to permit
it to revolve this board or plate is now placed on a bench E, and is
prepared for moulding any number of pipes of that pattern; the mould-
ing box F, is placed upon the board or plate over the pattern (as
shewn), being kept in its proper position by pins G; the sand is now
rammed in as in the common process, and the handle H, at one end
of the shaft of the pattern is revolved or oscillated to effect the smooth-
ness of the mould required; this box is then removed, and another half
box is completed in like manner for a pipe, when the "core" is
inserted, and the boxes are put together as in the usual manner, and
it is ready for casting.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and particularly
the manner in which it is to be carried into effect, we desire it to be
understood, that we claim, first, the mode of forming or constructing
patterns for the system known as " plate moulding," as herein-before
described secondly, we claim the mode of applying patterns for pro-

page_text: ducing smoothness of the mould as herein-before described, so long as
the peculiar features of novelty of our Invention be retained.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Hetherington, John
Dugdale, the younger, and Edward Dugdale, have hereunto set
our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.