Improvements in Apparatus for Copying, or Reproducing in Various Sizes, Objects in Relief, especially Sculptures and like Models.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Copying, or Reproducing in Various
Sizes, Objects in Relief, especially Sculptures and like Models.
I, MAX KRUSE, of Lietzenburgerstrasse, Wilmersdorf, near Berlin, in the
German Empire, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows;-
The object of the present invention is a model-copying or reproducing apparatus,
more especially applicable for sculptor's use, by means of which copies or repro-
ductions or any desired enlargement or reducement of the original model cau
be produced and even minute differences in size may be attained.
The hitherto known copying or reproducing devices which are constructed on
the pantograph principle do not enable reducements or enlargements to be copied
or reproduced from the original, if the copy is to slightly differ from the original,
as regards size, consequently in using the pantograph the copy would at some
points merge into the original, which of course will be known to be practically
useless.
It is frequently necessary to produce copies which differ in size from the
original only very little, as the effect of a work of art very often depends upon
its exact size. Hitherto it has been necessary in such cases to produce a certain
number of originals, thereby incurring a considerable expense in time and
labour as the hitherto known copying or reproducing devices do not enable the
production of such copies.
The copying or reproducing device constructed according to the present in-
vention, the action of which also depends upon the pantograph principle,
enables the production of copies as slightly differing from the size of the original
or otherwise as desired.
An axle is supported at either end horizontally over a base plate, upon which
axle two sleeves connected one to the other are movably mounted. These sleeves
carry two pivoted upright bars, the movements of which are guided and set
upon an adjusting segmental guide bar. The segmental bar is also attached
to the aforesaid horizontal axle by means of a loose sleeve and consequently
capable of oscillation about the said axle. It may be fixed at any position
desired by means of a thumb-screw provided in the sleeve. The bars may also
of similar screws. The two
be fixed in any position on the arc by means
upright bars are connected together at their top end by means of another bar
or rod and also carry, one, an extensible telescopic rod which terminates at its
free end in a point, and the other a rod employed merely as a union bar. These
last mentioned rods are connected together by another rod parallel to the one
spanning the space between the top ends of the upright bars.
A further rod provided with a copying point is articulated upon one of the
upright bars, which rod is connected to the aforesaid extensible telescopic rod
by means of union rods. The whole system is counter-balanced by means of
a counter weight fastened to the sleeves on the axle; the pointed rods also
carry movable counter weights.

page_text: There are thus produced three movable skeleton parallelograms in the apparatus,
which correspond with the three main lines of magnitude or dimensions of the
model.
The action of the apparatus depends upon the principle that an imaginary
line connecting the two copying points, if produced, meets or crosses the main
axle or an extension of it, about which the apparatus can rotate or oscillate.
Dated this 16th day of September 1897.
Improvements in Apparatus for Copying, or Reproducing in Various
Sizes, Objects in Relief, especially Sculptures and like Models.
I, MAX KRUSE, Lietzenburgerstrasse, Wilmersdorf, near Berlin, in the German
Empire, Sculptor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention. and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is a model-copying or reproducing apparatus
more especially applicable for sculptors' use by means of which copies or repro-
ductions, or any desired enlargement or reducement, of the original model can
be produced, and even minute differences in size may be attained.
The hitherto known copying or reproducing devices which are constructed
on the pantograph principle do not enable reducements or enlargements to be
copied or reproduced from the original if the copy is to only slightly differ from
the original as regards dimensions, consequently in using the pantograph the
copy would partly fall into the original, which of course will be known to be
practically useless.
It is frequently necessary to produce copies which differ in size from the
original only very little, as the effect of a work of art very often depends upon
its exact size. Hitherto it has been necessary in such cases to produce a certain
number of originals, thereby incurring a considerable expense in time and
material, as the hitherto known copying or reproducing devices do not enable
the production of such copies.
The copying or reproducing device constructed according to the present inven-
tion, the action of which also depends upon the pantograph principle, enables
the production of copies as slightly differing from the size of the original as
it is desired.
This is attained by the combination of several parallelogram frames.
In Figure 1 is shown that in using an ordinary pantograph the copy will
partly fall into the original if only slightly differing in size.
Figure 2 illustrates the principle of the present invention in 'which three
parallelograms x, y, y¹, z¹ further y¹, z¹, z, y and y¹, z¹, v¹, v are arranged which
correspond with the main lines of magnitude. The point v, v is lead along
on the original, whereas y, z is used for copying. The lines, y and y, z can
be arranged at any desired distance apart from the lines a¹, y¹ and y', z¹ respec-
tively, so that the copy can never fall together with the original, but will be
aside of it.
A perspective view of an apparatus constructed according to the present
invention is illustrated in Figure 3 wherein;-
An axle A is supported horizontally in bearings L, L at either end of a base

page_text: plate upon which axle two sleeves u, u connected one to the other by a web v
are movably mounted. These sleeves carry two pivoted upright bars B, B¹
the movements of which are guided, set upon an adjusting segmental guide
bar c. This segmental bar is also attached to the said horizontal axle A by
means of a loose sleeve f and consequently capable of oscillation about the said
axle. It may be fixed at any position desired by means of a thumb screw pro-
vided in the sleeve. The bars B, B1 may also be fixed in any position on the
arc-guide by means of similar screws. The two upright bars B, B' are con-
nected together at their top ends by means of universal joints n to another bar
or rod y, and also carry, one an extensible telescopic rod a which terminates
at its free ends in a point, and the other a rod a employed merely as a union
bar. These last-mentioned rods are connected together by another rod d parallel
to the one y, spanning the top ends of the upright bars.
one of
A further rod b provided with a copying point is articulated upon
the upright bars which rod
18 connected to the aforesaid
extensible telescopic rod a by means of union rods and . The whole system
is counterbalanced by means of a counter-weight g fastened to the sleeve u on
the axle; the pointed rods also carry movable counter-weights as shewn.
There are thus produced three movable skeleton parallelogram frames in the
apparatus, which corresponds with the three main lines of magnitude, or dimen-
sions of the model.
The action of the apparatus depends upon the principle that an imaginary
line connecting the two copying points if produced, meets or crosses the main
axle or an extension of it, as shewn in Figure 2 about which the apparatus can
rotate or oscillate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what
I claim is:-
1. An instrument or apparatus for copying or reproducing, any size, solid
objects such as sculptures and the like, consisting essentially of three movably
jointed parallelogram frames connected with one another, the said frames corre-
sponding to the three main lines of magnitude namely, length, breadth and
depth, constructed, operated and working substantially as described and illus-
trated in the accompanying drawings.
2. An instrument or apparatus for copying or reproducing, any size, solid
objects such as sculptures and the like, constructed, operated and working
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Datal the 10th dov of 1808
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
No. 22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.