for heating generating steam and purposes
Year: 1888

page_text: I RICHARD BENJAMIN AVERY of 1656 Broadway New York State of New York in
the United States of America Inventor do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :—.
This invention relates to the construction of Apparatus for generating and burning
Gaseous fuel for heating generating steam and like purposes and generally consists in
the combination with a closed fire box which forms a retort chamber of a series of
connected retorts or Generating chambers an air chamber into which the generating
retorts deliver and wherein the Gas is intermingled with the air which is to support
combustion and a burner to which the mixed air and gas aro delivered for
consumption.
The superiority of this invention over others consists chiefly in the construction of
the fire box which is funnel shaped and at the bottom of which there is a nozzle
from which the Gas enters and is injected into the fire box. The fire box is lined
with firebrick the top being arched with firebrick perforated with holes for the
purpose of equally distributing the heat thus Generated upon the retorts and super-
heaters. The apparatus will operate as follows Steam from a suitable source will
be admitted to a superheater and from the superheater sent to an injector through
a pipe and also oil through another pipe. The superheated steam will vaporize and
induce the flow of oil and the two mingling will form a vaporous combustible fuel
which will flow through gas generating pipes to a nozzle where mingling with
superheated steam from a pipe attached to the pipe leading from the superheater and
with air in an air or mixing chamber the mixture will pass to a burner and be.
consumed in the closed firebox. The Generating pipes will be gradually brought to
an intense heat and the mixture of steam and oil passing therethrough will in a short.
time cease to be a simple vapour but. will be converted in substantially a fixed Gas

page_text: which Gas as it is delivered into the air or mixing chamber will suck in and inter
mingle or intimately mix with itself the air necessary to support combustion and the
mixture before it reaches the place of ignition will be thoroughly heated which
previous mixture of the air and Gas and the heating thereof to the point.necessary
for ignition or combustion will produce an intense fire with the minimum amount of
fuel will prevent the loss incident upon chilling or cool drafts in the fire chamber and
the deposit of soot and will add to the durability of the devices themselves.
Dated this 17th day of March 1888.
EDMUND KIMBER,
15, Walbrook, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Gaseous Fuel.
I RICHARD BENJAMIN AVERY of 1656 Broadway New York in the United States of
America, Inventor do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Reference is had to the accompanying drawings wherein
Fig. 1. is a front elevation of a boiler furnace having my invention applied
thereto.
Fig. 2. is a horizontal section of the same on the line - Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. is a section of the brick work on the line y-y, Fig. 1. the apparatus
embodying my invention being shown in elevation.
Fig. 4. is a front elevation of the cup section of the air chamber.
Fig. 5. is a sectional view of the same.
Fig. 6. is an edge view of the slotted fixed head of the air or mixing chamber.
Fig. 7. is a plan view of the same.
Figs. 8. and 9. are similar views of the movable slotted disc or register of the air
or mixing chamber.
Fig. 10. is an enlarged sectional view of the injector used for supplying oil to the
retorts or generating pipes.
Fig. 11. is an enlarged view of one of the deflectors or cones used in the retorts or
generating pipes.
Fig. 12. is an end view of the same.
Fig. 13. is a sectional view of a locomotive fire box and part of a tender showing my
invention applied thereto.
Fig. 14. is an end view partly in section of the locomotive fire box shown in
Fig. 13.
Fig. 15. is a plan view of a hollow flat burner which may be used instead of the
perforated pipe burner shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and
Fig. 16. is a sectional view of the same.
Like letters refer to like parts wherever they occur.
My present invention relates to the construction of Apparatus for Generating and
Consuming Gaseous Fuel for heating, generating steam, and like purposes; and
generally consists in the combination with a closed fire box which forms a retort
chamber, of a series of connected retorts or generating chambers, an air chamber into
which the generating retorts deliver and wherein the gas is intermingled with the air
which is to support combustion and a burner to which the mixed air and gas are
delivered for consumption.
The preferred construction and arrangement of the devices will now be more
specifically set forth.

page_text: In the drawings 1 (Figs. 3 & 13) indicates the fire box of a boiler or other furnaces
with which my devices are to be employed, said chamber being a closed chamber, or
one which can be closed, so as to prevent the direct admission of the external air, and
which is preferably provided with an arch 2 (Figs. 3, 13 & 16) for confining the gases
until combustion is complete and also for storing heat, and deflecting it in the generating
pipes 3 (Figs. 1. 2. 3. 10. 11. 13 & 14).
Within the closed fire box 1 of the furnace are placed a series of retorts, pipes or
tubes 3 which are connected by either a series of return bends 4, (Fig. 2.) or elbows 5.
(Fig. 13.) or both, as may be preferred or rendered necessary by the form of the fire-
box, the whole forming a continuous generating chamber.
These pipes or tubes 3 may be two inch pipes, or larger if desired, and all except the
last one or two of the series are provided in the interior with a series of conical
deflectors 6 (Figs. 2. 11 & 12) having serrated or perforated bases, and arranged at
short intervals, with their apices towards the current to break up and intermingle the
gases &c., in the generating chamber and to force the gasses to pass in contact with the
walls of the retorts or pipes 3.
These deflectors or cones may be separated by spacing sleeves 7 (Figs. 2. 11 & 12)
and supported on a central rod 8. (Figs. 2. 11 & 12) or otherwise secured in the retorts
at the will of the constructor.
The receiving end of the generating chamber is closed by a head 9. (Figs. 2 & 10)
through which projects an injector 10. (see also Figs. 2 & 10) the jet of which is
connected with a steam boiler by a suitable pipe 12. (Figs. 1. 3. 10. 13 & 14) provided
with a valve 13. (Figs. 1. & 3) and the oil supply is also connected with said injector
by means of a pipe 14 having a valve 15. (Figs. 1. 3. 10 & 13).
As a supply of steam is essential to start as well as to maintain the operation of these
devices, a separate steam generator must be provided in case the devices are used with
other than boiler furnaces and a separate connection (as for instance branch pipe 16.
Fig. 3) should be provided leading to some source of steam supply for starting boiler
furnaces when sold unless provision is made for employing an ordinary fire, in the fire
box as a starter.
17. (Figs. 1 & 3) indicates a boiler provided with a steam dome 18. (Figs. 1 & 3)
from which, in the present instance the steam for the injector is taken to maintain the
operation of the devices.
The opposite or delivery end of the generator 3 projects beyond the fire box 1. and
is provided with a bend or continuation 19 (Figs. 1. 2 & 3) of substantially the size
of the generator, and this bend terminates in a short pipe or nozzle 20 (Fig. 2) of
greatly reduced diameter, say about one (1) inch, or having about one-fourth the
cross area of the generators 3 and bend 19.
The object of reducing the size of discharge nozzle 20 is to obtain a jet or injector
action, but as the reduced pipe or nozzle 20 will not at all times accommodate the gas
as rapidly as it is generated in the pipes or retorts 3. (Figs. 1. 2. 3. & 14) I prefer
to combine therewith a central steam jet 21 (see figs. 1. 2 & 3) which may be
supplied from the main steam pipe 12. and provided with a suitable valvo 22. (Figs. 1.
3 & 14) and will operate as an exhaust on the generators 3.
The nozzle or pipe 20. delivers the gas from the pipes or retorts 3 into an air or
mixing chamber composed of a funnel cup or bowl 23. (Figs. 3. 4. 5. 13 & 14)
which is exterior to the closed fire box 1. but provided with a pipe or tube 24. (Figs. 2
3. 5 & 13) that extends through the walls of the closed fire chamber and terminates
in a burner 25. (Figs. 2. 3 & 13) so arranged as to heat the generating retorts or
pipe 3.
The head of cup or funnel 23. (see figs. 2. 4 & 5) constituting the air chamber is
provided with a slotted head or spider 26 (see figs. 6 & 7) which is bolted thereto and
the spider is provided with a central orifice 27. (Fig. 7) for the passage of the pipe
or nozzle 20. (Figs. 6. 7 & 8) and a tube 28 (Figs. 7 & 9) for a rotable slotted plate
or dist: 28 (see Figs. 8 & 9) constituting a register by which the amount of air
admitted to the air chamber to mingle with the gas can be regulated and controlled
at will.

page_text: The pipe or tube 24. which connects the air or mixing chamber with the burner 25.
should be about five times the diameter of the nozzle or pipe 20. which delivers the
gas to the air or mixing chamber say about five inches diameter, more or less-first
to accommodate the additional volume of air which is to be mixed with the gas-
and secondly to avoid back-pressure in the nozzle 20 and pipe or generator 3.
The burner 25 may be of any desired pattern for instance, the common T-pipe
shown in figures 2 and 3, or the flat hollow form shown in figures 15 and 16, and if
of the latter it may be of either cast iron or fire clay, made in two sections and
bolted together.
In either case it is desirable that the aggregato area of the perforations in the
burner should be at least double the cross area of the pipe or tube 24 leading from
the air chamber to the burner, in order to provide for friction, obtain uniform flow of
gas, and to avoid back pressure.
On the relative adjustment of the proportions of nozzle 20, mixing tube 24, and
the discharge orifices of burner 25, will depend much of the effectiveness of the
devices, and the proper volumetric mingling of the air and gas so as to obtain
complete combustion and a proper heating of the generators.
A deficiency in the volume of air mingled with the gas in air chamber, and tube 24
might be supplied by admission of air to the fire box direct, but while this would
aid combustion it would be liable to chill the generating pipes and render their
operation irregular.
In most furnaces it is preferred to arrange the generating pipes 3 upon the floor of
the closed fire box 1, but in others, as for instance locomotive fire-boxes (see Figs. 13
& 14) it may be desirable with the present form of fire boxes to arrange the pipes 3
one above the other on both sides of the fire box, and unite the two sets by a cross
pipe 30, at the back end of the fire box or across the bridge-wall 21 indicates.an oil
reservoir connected by the pipe 14, with the injector 10.
Tho devices being of substantially the character described will operate as follows:-
Steam from a suitable source will be admitted to injector 10 through pipe 12 and also
oil through pipe 14. The steam will induce the flow of the oil and the two mingling
will form a vaporous combustible fuel which will flow through generator pipes 3.to
nozzle 20 where mingling with air in the air or mixing chamber, the mixture will
pass to the burner 25 and be consumed in the closed fire-box 1. The generating
pipes 3 will be gradually brought to an intense heat, and the mixture of steam and
oil passing therethrough, will in a short time cease to be a simple vapour but will be
converted into substantially a fixed gas, which gas as it is delivered into the air or
mixing chamber will suck in and intermingle or intimately mix with itself the air
necessary to support combustion, and the mixture before it reaches the place of
ignition will be thoroughly heated, which previous mixture of the air and gas, and
the heating thereof to the point necessary for ignition or combustion, will produce an
intense fire with the minimum amount of fuel, will prevent the loss incident upon
chilling or cool drafts in the fire chamber and the deposit of soot, and will add to tho
durability of the devices themselves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I clain is :-
1. In devices for burning gaseous fuel, the combination with a closed fire chamber,
of a retort or generating pipe arranged therein, an injector for supplying the
generator, an air or mixing chamber into which the generator delivers the gas, and
where it is mixed with the air to support combustion, and a burner arranged within
the closed combustion chamber, and which communicates with the air or mixing
chamber; substantially as and for the purposes specified.
2. In devices for burning gaseous fuel, the combination of a closed combustion
chamber, a generating pipe or retort arranged therein, an air or mixing chamber into
which the generating chamber delivers, said wixing chamber arranged to deliver into
the burner located in the closed fire chamber, and a steam jet or exhaust arranged in
the delivery end of the generator; substantially as and for the purposes specified.
-

page_text: 3. In a device for burning gascous fuel, the combination of a closed fire chamber,
the series of generating pipes 3, arranged therein. the nozzle 20 at the delivery end
of the pipes and the funnel shaped air and mixing chamber provided with the
register 26. 28; substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4. In a device for burning gaseous fuel, the combination with a generator of a
nozzle 20 a mixing tube 24, and a burner having a series of perforations, the relative
cross area of the nozzle mixing tube, and outlets of the burner being substantially
those herein before specified as and for the purposes set forth.
5. The cone deflector, having the serrated base; substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
EDMUND KIMBER,
15, Walbrook, London, E.C..
Agent.