Improved Manufacture of Calibre Rings and Calibre Plugs.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 5th Nov., 1092
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Manufacture of Calibre Rings and Calibre Plugs.
I, WILHELM LORENZ of No. 57 Kreigstrasse Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
The manufacture of calibre rings and plugs, serving as measuring instruments or
gauges, has heretofore been effected by cutting cylindrical pieces off solid cylindrical
bars and then working these in a lathe. Such thick calibre rings and plugs are
generally of imperfect homogeneity, and on this account, as also on account of the
slowness and irregularity with which variations of temperature are transmitted
from the outer to the inner layers of the material, they are liable to split, when
subject to sudden cooling after heating, for the purpose of tempering.
Furthermore, on account of the want of homogeneity or from other physical
causes which have not yet been ascertained, there takes place within the mass, after
tempering, a certain spontaneous action which is transmitted very slowly to the
surface, and which causes such calibre rings, although they are perfectly true at
first, to become untrue and useless, often only after years.
My present invention relates to a method of manufacturing calibre rings and
hollow calibre plugs whereby these are rendered free from the above mentioned
defects. For this purpose such calibre rings and plugs are made of drawn or
pressed tubes or tubular bodies with thin sides, so that the rings or plugs are from
the first made of compressed and consequently homogeneous material.
The thin sides at the same time allow variations in temperature to be rapidly
and uniformly transmitted throughout all the layers of the material, thus obviating
the danger of splitting.
For the production of such measuring instruments, lengths of tubing may be
employed which are produced by rolling or drawing, or the cylindrical parts of
capsules cut off from the bases thereof, which capsules are produced in the known
manner by draw benches or presses or by suitable dies and punches out of circular
metal discs, to be subsequently extended in cylindrical form by drawing.
The cylindrical lengths cut off from such tubes or capsules are then manufactured
into calibre rings, by first turning or bending both their ends slightly inwards or
out wards. For forming a calibre plug at least one end of the tubular piece or ring
is turned nearly completely inwards; if desired, the other end of the ring may also
be turned inwards somewhat. With calibre rings both ends are turned inwards or
outwards cr one end only can be so turned, but it is preferred to turn both ends,
in order to increase their durability.
The base pieces of the capsules left after cutting off the cylindrical parts can be
utilised as blanks for the formation of calibre plugs corresponding to the calibre
rings produced out of the cylindrical part.
The calibre rings may either be formed so that their entire internal cylindrical
surface serves as the measuring surface, or they may have their ends turned inwards
so as to form internal flanges, the inner edges of which are then made to constitute
the measuring surfaces or gauges.
The calibre plugs may, as before stated, either be formed out of the base of the
capsule from which the calibre rings are formed or they may also be constructed
out of the cylindrical part of a separate capsule, and the one end may be bert
inwards to form the means of attachment of a handle.
Calibre rings and plug of the above described construction have the further
advantage that they are comparatively very light, and consequently can be

page_text: manipulated with much greater rapidity and delicacy of touch than the heavy
calibre rings and plugs of present construction.
The external or internal flanges formed by turning over the edges as described
serve both to facilitate their manipulation, in offering points of attachment, as also
to strengthen them and protect them against changes in form. When formed with
internal measuring flanges, such rings also have the advantage that when in use,
any particles of metal or grit that may have settled on the measuring surfaces are
easily pushed off when brought in contact with the surfaces to be measured, instead
of becoming jammed between long cylindrical measuring surfaces; while at the same
time the wear of such flange surfaces is not greater than that of the cylinder
surfaces.
Lastly, the above method of manufacture allows of a number of calibre rings or
plugs being made wholesale out of a plate or out of tubes otherwise prepared.
The main condition is that the material shall possess a very uniform structure in
cylindrical form, which is wanting, for example, in welded tubes so that these can
not be employed for the purposes of my invention.
Dated this 4th day of January 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Manufacture of Calibre Rings and Calibre Plugs.
I, WILHELM LORENZ, of No. 57 Kreigstrasse, Karlsruhe, Baden, Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The manufacture of calibre rings and plugs, serving as measuring instruments or
gauges, has heretofore been effected by cutting cylindrical pieces off solid cylindrical
bars and then working these in a lathe. Such thick calibre rings and plugs are
generally of imperfect homogeneity, and on this account as also on account of the
slowness and irregularity with which variations of temperature are transmitted from
the outer to the inner layers of the material, they are liable to split when subject
to sudden cooling after being heated, for the purpose of tempering them.
Furthermore, on account of the want of homogeneity or from other physical
causes which have not yet been ascertained, there takes place within the mass, after
tempering, a certain spontaneous action which is transmitted very slowly to the
surface, and which causes such calibre rings, although they are perfectly true at
first, to become untrue and useless, often only after years.
My present invention relates to a method of manufacturing calibre rings and
hollow calibre plugs whereby these are rendered free from the above mentioned
defects. For this purpose such calibre rings and plugs are made of drawn or
pressed tubes or tubular bodies with thin sides, so that the rings or plugs are from
the first made of compressed and consequently homogeneous material.
The thin sides at the same time allow variations in temperature to be rapidly and
uniformly transmitted throughout all the layers of the material, thus obviating the
danger of splitting.
For the production of such measuring instruments, lengths of tubing may be
employed which are produced by rolling or drawing, or the cylindrical parts of
capsules cut off from the bases thereof, which capsules are produced in the known
manner by draw benches or presses or by suitable dies and punches out of circular
metal discs to be subsequently extended in cylindrical form by drawing.
The cylindrical lengths cut off from such tubes or capsules are then manufactured
into calibre rings, by first turning or bending both their ends slightly inwards or

page_text: outwards. For forming a calibre plug at least one end of the tubular piece or ring
s turned nearly completely inwards; if desired, the other end of the ring may also
be turned inwards somewhat. With calibre rings both ends are turned inwards or
outwards or one end only can be so turned, but it is preferred to turn both ends, in
order to increase their durability.
.
The base pieces of the capsules left after cutting off the cylindrical parts can be
utilised as blanks for the formation of calibre plugs corresponding to the calibre
rings produced out of the cylindrical part.
The calibre rings may either be formed so that their entire internal cylindrical
surface serves as the measuring surface, or they may have their ends turned inwards
so as to form internal flanges, the inner edges of which are then made to constitute
the measuring surfaces or ganges.
The calibre plugs may, as before stated, either be formed out of the base of the
capsule from which the calibre rings are formed or they may also be constructed
out of the cylindrical part of a separate capsule, and the one end may be bent
inwards to form the means of attachment of a handle.
Calibre rings and plugs of the above described construction have the further
advantage that they are comparatively very light, and consequently can be
manipulated with much greater rapidity and delicacy of touch than the heavy
calibre rings and plugs of present construction.
The external or internal flanges formed by turning over the edges as described
serve both to facilitate their manipulation, in offering points of holding contact, as
also to strengthen them and to protect them against changes in form. When formed
with internal measuring flanges, such rings also have the advantage that when
in use any particles of metal or grit that may have settled on the measuring
surfaces are easily pushed off when brought in contact with the surfaces to be
measured, instead of becoming jammed between long cylindrical measuring surfaces,
while at the same time the wear of such flange surfaces is not greater than that of
the cylinder surfaces.
Lastly, the above method of manufacture allows of a number of calibre rings or
plugs being made wholesale out of a plate or out of tubes otherwise prepared.
The main condition is that the material shall possess a very uniform structure in
cylindrical form which is wanting, for example, in welded tubes so that these cannot
be employed for the purposes of my invention.
The accompanying drawings represent sections of calibre plugs and rings according
to my invention.
Fig. 1 shews a capsule produced by successive punch drawings from a disc A, to
form several calibre rings B B B into which lengths the capsule can be cut. Each
part may have its ends for flipped or flanged externally as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3,
the whole depth of the inner part h or being used for calibring.
The ends may be inwardly lipped or flanged as shewn at f* in Fig. 4, these lips
constituting the calibre gauges. The bottom part C Fig. 1 cut from the capsule
may serve for the production of a smaller capsule as shewn in Fig. 14 and may be
fitted as counterpart to the interior of the rings Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
Also the parts B B B or other suitable pieces of tube having, walls of
homogeneous structure can as shewn in Fig. 5 have their ends B flanged inwards as
at d to form calibre plugs, and, as shewn in Fig. 6 they can be furnished with
handles E which may likewise be made of tubes or capsules.
Should such calibre plugs be made which for instance are to fit calibre rings
made as shewn in Figs. 2 and 3, cylinders as shewn in Fig. 7 must be drawn with
thin wall and greater length in several stages from discs A', or other suitable pieces
of tube having walls of homogeneous structure may be used. They have their
external diameters corresponding with those of the calibre plugs and also fitting the
calibre rings B B¹ B. The divided parts D D' or the parts of other suitable tubes
5 are, as above described, worked into calibre plugs as shewn in Fig. 6.
The bottom piece C³ can be worked to a calibre plug of smaller diameter.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
..claim. is
1. Calibre rings and hollow calibre plugs having external or internal lips as
illustrated by Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5.
2. The herein described method of manufacturing calibre rings and calibre plugs
by cutting lengths from homogeneous tubes or capsules, flanging or lipping the ends
of these lengths to form calibre rings, or internally flanging one end and fitting it
with a handle to form a calibre plug.
*7601 Ja to Can a m
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.