IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY' FOR UTILIZING THE PRESSURE COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Henry Cradock Monckton, of Fineshade,
Wansford, in the County of Northampton, Gentleman, John
Thomas Creasy, of High Street, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, and William Tully, of Olayhall Road, North
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY' FOR UTILIZING THE PRESSURE
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edward Henry Cradock
Monckton, John Thomas Creasy, and William Tully at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition and Declaration,
on the 29th September 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, We, EDWARD
HENRY CRADOCK MONOKTON, of Fineshade, Wansford, in the County
of Northampton, Gentleman, JOHN THOMAS ORBASY, of High Street,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, and WILLIAM TULLY,

page_text: of Clayhall Road, North Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR UTILIZING THE PRESSURE OF WATER, OIL, AIR,
GAS, STEAM, OR OTHER FLUID AS MOTIVE POWER," and have petitioned Her 5
Majesty to grant unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that we are the true and first Inventors thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Henry Cradock Monckton,
John Thomas Creasy, and William Tully, do hereby declare that the 1
following Complete Specification, under our hands and seals, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings forming
a part of this Specification :-
Our Invention relates to a novel and simple apparatus or machine
for obtaining motive power from the pressure of water, oil, air, steam,
gas, or other fluid.
1
The said Invention is carried into effect by the combination of
force pumps, and by preferenco a hydraulic ram or rams for obtaining 2
the pressure of the steam, gas, or fluid, and a toothed wheel or wheels,
whereby this pressure is utilized as motive power.
Our said Invention is carried into practice as shewn in the accom-
panying Drawings, which as an example of its application we will now
proceed to describe.
2

page_text: · Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of a ram provided with tapper
valves forming part of our said apparatus to be used in place of that
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section of a ram provided with springs for
moving the piston in one direction in the cylinder.
Figure 8 shews a modification of our improved motor wheels.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawings..
When water is used we employ a suitable force pump, or two or
more of such pumps, as shewn at a, Figure 1, which are connected
with a cistern or reservoir a' containing the fluid, the pumps force.
the water into the ram cylinders b. We prefer to use two of these
rams in one apparatus or machine, but one or any other convenient
number may be employed. These rams may be arranged either hori-
zontally or vertically, and may be of any required length and diameter;
at the outer end or top of the ram o we place a weight, or a metal, or
india-rubber, or other spring d, or a weighted lever, which tends to
force the ram back into the cylinder. In combination with these rams
we arrange the aforesaid toothed wheels. We prefer to have two or
more of these wheels if necessary, as indicated by e, e, enclosed in a
suitable case or box e³, and geared together, fitted root to root, and
revolving in close contact. The said wheels may be of any diameter and
width, according to the required power of the machine; they are mounted
on shafts e' which are supported in suitable bearings e*. One end
or both ends of one or of both of these shafts must be extended through
the casing e³ to carry fly wheels, or driving pulleys, or wheels. The
liquid, steam, or gas is successively admitted to and between the teeth
of the wheels near their points of intersection, as shown at f, and its
pressure acting successively upon and between the adjacent teeth causes
the said wheels to rotate.
"
If the apparatus or machine is to be reversing we provide two valves
of any suitable form or shape, one on each side of the toothed wheels
e, e, as shown in Figure 3, placed at any suitable angle and position,
the one above and the other below the centre line at f. Figure 8, or
one on one side, and one on the other side of the motor wheels, and
by admitting the water, steam, gas, or other fluid by one or other of
these valves which are connected to the three-way cock ŋ* by the
pipes g', ', the wheels will be driven in either direction, as desired.

page_text: The water or liquid used is continually returned to the cistern or
reservoir a' so that only a small quantity of the same will be required.
In using air or gas as the actuating fluid of our apparatus the
construction will be substantially the same as above described, except
that the wheels will be broader, and the water reservoir will not be i
required, and when gas or the like is used a suitable gas holder or gene-
rator or pumps, as the case may be, must be provided. The valves used
in this instance are actuated by tappet wheels fixed in the shafts e¹, e¹,
of the toothed wheel e, e, which tappet wheels strike against levers
attached to the said valvos that are so arranged as to cause the 1
admission of the gas or fluid in a state of expansion.
Wo modify our said Invention, as shown in Figure 8, by employing
a wheel or wheels & in combination with and surrounding the motor
wheel e.
These additional wheels s may have a diameter equal to
or greater or less than that of the said motor wheel e. By using a 1
number of such wheels of small diameter we are not only able to apply
the force simultaneously all round, and thereby increase the power, but
we obtain to some extent the advanges of a small wheel working in a
large wheel, as in a crane.
According to another part of our Invention we provide around the a
tube g, which conducts the water or other fluid to the teeth of the motor
wheels, a cylinder h, as shewn in Figures 4 and 5, which encloses an
inner cylinder i made by preference of ebonite or brass. The said inner
cylinder is fitted to work endwise in the water cylinder h, and acts
against a ring or annular cushion h* of vulcanized india-rubber or other å
suitable material placed within it. The outer end of the said cylinder,
when of brass, may be slotted and have a ring of hard india-rubber,
ebonite, or other suitable material h¹ inserted in it against which the
sides of the teeth of the motor wheels work as they rotate.
or
We form the ram cylinders of "Whitworth's compressed metal
of iron, or steel, or phosphor, bronze, or other suitable metal. We also
make the bodies of our wheels of one metal, and the teeth of another
metal, and we make the teeth of both wheels of soft iron, or those of one
wheel of iron or steel, and the teeth of the other wheel of brass, or gun
metal, or phosphor, bronze, or cast iron, or nickel, or of a composition a
of tin and antimony, so that the two wheels shall work freely together
with the least possible friction.

page_text: When we use water or other liquid as the medium for actuating our
improved motor we prefer to make the motor wheels e narrow, so that
the incompressible liquid shall pass quickly between the teeth, and we
may make the said wheels only of the width necessary to give them the
required strength. But when an elastic medium is used, such as com-
pressed air, gas, or steam, we make the said wheels considerably larger
and wider, so as to give a longer surface for the passage and action of
the steam or other elastic fluid. Where we have additional wheels
placed round and geared into the motor wheel we provide suitably
arranged tubes for conducting the fluid to the junctions of these addi-
tional wheels. With this arrangement there will be little wasto of
power, as the steam or other fluid will pass alternately from one side of
the wheels to the other side, or from one set of wheels to another set,
through suitably arranged tubes until its force is expended; and by this
apparatus such elastic fluids as carbonic acid gas, for example, may be
utilized directly without the employment of any machinery or apparatus
other than that comprised in the generator and the said motor wheels.
Moreover, we vary the position, pitch, and size of the teeth of our
wheels to adapt the same more perfectly to the particular elastic or
other fluid employed for actuating them.
The tubes employed in our improved hydraulic machine, when we
desire to combine strength and lightness, may be formed of the afore-
said "Whitworth's compressed metal," or of iron, steel, phosphor,
bronze, gun metal, or other suitable metal.
In some instances we employ a double-acting ram provided with
tappet valves, as shewn in Figure 6, for charging the aforesaid apparatus
or machine. This ram operates as follows:―The piston c¹ being set at
one end, as shown, is forced forward to the other end by the aforesaid
pumps, its action being regulated by the said tappet valves c³. These
tappet valves are provided with vanes or wings on one end of the spindle,
and the liquid ejected through the small pipes cas the piston approaches
the end of its stroke acts on these vanes to close the valves which are
open, and open those which are closed, thereby reversing the action of
the piston. To effect this object rods o' attached to the ends of the
5 pistons c¹ are connected to cross heads c", which through the movements
of the piston o³ impart motion to the slide valves c². These valves pass
through stuffing boxes in the tubes c', and are provided with suitable
apertures to regulate the opening and closing of the tappet valves o³ by

page_text: the water or other fluid forced through the said pipes c. We prefer
to employ two pistons c¹ working in the same cylinder c with a spring d
between the said pistons to render their action elastic.
We sometimes use compressed air instead of springs or weights, the
air being compressed in the end of the hydraulic cylinder by the 5
ram.
In any case, whether we use compressed air or gas or partially com-
press the spring, so that the ram acts immediately the machine is
started on either the already compressed air or gas or the already partially
compressed spring.
Figure 7 shews a modification of our improved ram, in which the
piston c' acted upon by the pressure of the water or other fluid com-
presses the springs c³ arranged between the plate c. These springs cause
the ram to return immediately the hydraulic pressure ceases.
'
1
When desirable and practicable, as in stationary engines, wo apply 1
heat to the end of the cylinder containing the compressed air, in order
to obtain an increased expansive power therefrom; and we provide,
where necessary, for the application of a stream of water for cooling the
exterior of the ram.
'
In some instances we use a hollow ram or a simple piston well fitted 2
with leather or other packing c³ instead of a solid metal ram, so as to
better adapt the weight and strength of the apparatus or machine to the
purpose for which it is to be used.
We sometimes enamel the working surfaces of the cylinder to render
the same more durable.
We employ one or any desired number of hydraulic ram cylinders,
charging and operating them successively in such manner that we
equalize the pressure of springs where springs are used instead of simple
weights, and we also thereby increase the power of the machine.
21
When we use oil as the liquid medium in our motor we prefer to use 30
olive oil freed from acid, and of such a quality as will serve advan-
tageously for lubricating the parts of the motor.
In applying our Invention to a tramway car we may construct the
said car and arrange the said apparatus thereon in any suitable manner.
For instance, we may place the motor engine at the end of the car, or 31

page_text: we may place the said engine on a separate truck or carriage, and use
the same as a locomotive between two or more cars or omnibuses pro-
perly coupled, or use the same to draw any number of such cars or
omnibuses. We also use a moveable pole, or one folding up with a hinge
for guiding the carriages from one line to another line of rails.
The aforesaid wheels with their teeth out and geared together, as
above described, may be advantageously applied to falls of water as sub-
stitutes for turbines.
In order to regulate and equalize the motion of our engines we apply
heavy fly wheels, and avail ourselves of their momentum as reservoirs
of power. We prefer to apply one of these fly wheels a', as shown in
Figure 1, to the machinery used for actuating the pumps, and another,
not shewn, to the shaft of one of the motor wheels, so as to regulate
their rotation.
We apply our motor wheels to turn one or more large propelling
wheels running on a rail or road, the said wheels being of considerable
width, and surrounded with vulcanised india-rubber, wood, rope, or other
elastic material which we renovate as it wears.
In some cases we employ our motors to actuate other and larger rams,
and other and larger motors.
In some cases we find it convenient to dispense with the hydraulio
ram and springs or weights attached to it altogether, and force the water
directly from the pumps through the teeth of the wheels, a heavy fly
wheel being attached to the pumps, whose momentum aids in regulating
the stream and forcing the water. We further apply our air vessel or
vessels to the pumps, which also regulate the pressure. In making the.
cases in which the motor wheels work we introduce above and beneath
the points of their junction strong iron bars passing through and secured
outside the case with nuts and bolts, thereby enabling it to resist the
water pressure with facility. These bars pass through and are secured
to flanges or flaps from the sides of the tube conveying the liquid.
Having thus fully described our said Invention, we wish it understood
that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details of construction and
arrangement herein described, as such details may be varied as required
to adapt our Invention to different purposes; but the essential features
of our said Invention and what we claim are,—