Iм- PROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS, AND IN LOCKS AND APPARAtus CONNECTED THEREWITH SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Chatwood, of Bolton, in the County
of Lancaster, Safe and Lock Engineer, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS, AND IN LOCKS AND APPARAtus
CONNECTED THEREWITH SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
Sealed the 23rd December 1875, and dated the 19th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Chatwood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th October 1875.
I, SAMUEL CHATWOOD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Safe
and Lock Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS, AND IN LOCKS AND APPARAtus
CONNECTED THEREWITH, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
:-
The first part of my Invention consists of an improved method
of rendering chambers for the storing of articles of value secure in case
of fire.

page_text: In many cases chambers are required to be kept 'cool, and at the
same time free from steam, as in the case of safes and strong rooms for
storing parchment, documents, paintings, and articles which would be
injured by being exposed to steam.
a). I surround, or partially surround, the chamber with or construct
the chamber of tubes or pipes, which I fill with water.
b). Or I line, or partially line, the chamber with the tubes or pipes
instead of surrounding the chamber externally.
c). Or in the case of strong rooms I sometimes place the tubes or
pipes in suitable cavities in the walls of the room, and I fill the spaces
around the pipes with cement, cement and sand, cement and ground
ganister, or other suitable impermeable plastic material.
I make the connections between the pipes or tubes in the sides, and
those of the door by means of hollow hinges on which the door works.
The pipes or tubes I connect by suitable circulating pipes to a water
supply at a distance from the safe, strong room, or receptacle to be
protected, by preference a cistern or reservoir placed at a higher level,
but away from the safe or strong room; where convenient I prefer to
have the cistern or reservoir beyond the possible range of any fire to
which the chamber can be exposed.
In some cases where dryness is not important, as in the preservation
of papers, I dispense with the hollow hinge connections and with the
circulating cistern, and I fill, or partially fill, the pipes or tubes with
water or with suitable substance, such as alum, which on the application
of heat will give off vapour, and I provide suitable openings into the
safe or strong room; these openings I plug or cover in such a manner
that on the application of internal pressure or undue heat the plug or
covering will yield, and allow the steam to have access to the safe or
strong room.
In some cases I provide safes not steam-proof for the storing of
articles which would be injured by steam with one or more steam-proof
drawers or compartments therein.
In some cases I place the pipes or chambers in wood cases or linings,
which may be made noncombustible by being treated by exhaustion and
pressure with a solution of alum, tungstate of soda, or similarly with a
other suitable substance and then dried,

page_text: I sometimes place in the sides of my safes tubes, cases, or chambers
filled with alum or soda; these tubes, cases, or chambers I provide with
suitable openings, which I plug or cover as before mentioned, so that on
the application of undue heat or internal pressure they will yield and
allow the vapour to have access to the safe.
I sometimes fill the spaces round the tubes or chambers with kaolin,
mica, or with wood dust made comparatively non-combustible by being
saturated with solution of alum or tungstate of soda.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved construction
of safes or strong rooms. I take the dust of wood, which I place in a
chamber, from which I exhaust or partially exhaust the air; I then
subject it to a solution of alum, tungstate of soda, or other similar
substance, either under atmospheric pressure only or sometimes under
pressure from a pump; I afterwards place it in a mould of the form I
desire to make the slabs for the safe or strong room, and subject it to
pressure from a suitable ram.
In the case of safes I sometimes mould the whole of the safe except
the door at one operation. In some cases I place in the mould per-
forated sheets or plates, bars of iron, or a network of metal; or some-
times I place a series of pipes in the mould, in which case I fill them
with water before subjecting the mould to pressure to prevent their
being crushed. I mix with the dust of wood "kaolin"
to its cohesiveness.
or gum to add
I sometimes attach the pipes, perforated plates, or network to a
suitable frame, and place the whole in the mould. I place a suitable
solid flange lock case formed of angle or tee iron, or cast, and then
annealed in a mould for the door.
In some cases I place safes made under this part of my Invention in
metal shells.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved mode of
fastening the doors of safes and strong rooms when shut. I fix stud
bolts into the door itself, or into a suitable frame carried by the door;
these studs have slots at one or both edges, or have holes passing
through them. The slots or holes when the door is closed are on a line
with one or more sliding bolts fitted to the side of the safe, by preference
at the back of the projecting flange of the tee or angle frame of the
A 2

page_text: safe. In the flange of the tee or angle frame of the safe I provide holes
for the stud bolts of the door to pass through. I also make the sliding
bolts with holes or slots corresponding with the holes in the flange of
the frame, and in some cases with slots at right angles in addition to
allow for the traverse of the sliding bolt. The slots in the sliding bolts
for fastening the stud bolts (the stud bolts having slots on the edges) I
make of a pattern, and for stud bolts having holes through them,
instead of having slots in their edges, I make the slots or openings in
the sliding bolt of a ☐ pattern. I sometimes however make slots of an
pattern in the sliding bolt.
I sometimes make only a simple slot in the edge of the sliding bolt
at right angles thereto or nearly so.
I sometimes, instead of making slots in the sliding bolts, attach
separate limbs to them, but in any case I shoot the limbs, hooks, or
parts of the sliding bolt through or into the stud bolt. I secure the
sliding bolt or bolts by one or more locks fixed under the flange of tee
or angle frame of the safe or to the door itself. I attach the sliding
bolts to the flange of the tee or angle frame or to the door by screws
and nuts so arranged that the bolt will work freely on the shouldered
or cone-shaped nut. The sliding bolts have slots working on the
shouldered or cone-shaped nuts, which keeps the bolt up to its work.
When the stud bolts are rivetted or screwed to the door I insert one or
more hard pins or screws to prevent the drilling out of the stud bolts.
In some cases I attach one or more sliding bolts to the door instead of
to the side frame of the safe, I cause the sliding bolts when attached to
the door to carry stud bolts, in which cases I make slots in the side
frames of the safes, or into projecting pieces secured to the sides of the
safe, and I cause the sliding stud bolts to pass through such slots, and
by a motion imparted by key handle or other suitable contrivance to
engage with the frame or separate fixing of the side of the safe.
I sometimes instead of using sliding bolts to fasten safe doors provide
bars in the sides of safes, or attached to the doors of safes in a line with
the opening; I fix such bars eccentrically or I make one side flat; the
flat side I make on a line with the opening of the safe, and when the
door is closed I cause the bars to partially revolve, which will bring
the larger diameter of the bar into recesses or grooves in the side of the
safe when the bars are on the door, and into the door a flange or

page_text: fixings attached to the door when the bars are in the side framing of the
safe. The revolving bars I secure by one or more small locks either
directly, which I prefer, or through intermediate bolts.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved portable well
safe;
I make the safe of metal of a suitable thickness, and instead of
working the door on hinges as in ordinary safes I place the safe on its
back, and fix within it a ram and cylinder by which the lid can be
raised or lowered.
I sometimes place within the safe an inner safe, or it may be a wood
cabinet, which on the cover rising on its ram will rise with it out of the
well safe, or the safe may be used as a box or chest.
In cases where it is not convenient or desirable to have the ram and
cylinder in the safe itself I suspend the cylinder from the bottom of the
safe, and attach the ram to the bottom of the inner safe or cabinet.
I provide suitable guides. Where necessary I fix a pump within the safe
or attached outside the safe in such manner as not to be accessible
except to the person in charge of the safe. I fix in the safe a valve which
on the application of undue pressure when the safe is locked will open
and allow the fluid under pressure to run to waste.
I sometimes place the pumps at a distance from the safe and make
the connection with the cylinder.
I sometimes use an accumulator for the purpose of lifting my safe
ram or cylinder. The load of the accumulator may be raised either by
hand pumps or suitable water engine where head of water is available.
Where a water engine is used I fix it and arrange the valve or cock
in such a manner, that when the accumulator is at the top the engine
will be at rest, and on the fall of the accumulator the engine will
commence to pump it up again.
I sometimes use a water engine instead of hand pump for lifting the
ram or cylinder direct without the intervention of an accumulator
where there is head of water available as in the water mains of towns,
butnot sufficient to lift the ram or cylinder of a convenient diameter.
I sometimes use an intermediate differential ram working in two
cylinders, the smaller cylinder capable of holding sufficient fluid to fill
the working cylinder of the safe to which I connect it by suitable

page_text: piping, and the larger cylinder I connect to the water mains, and I make
it of such diameter as to provide sufficient pressure on the area of the
smaller cylinder to lift the weight intended to be raised.
I make my well safes of any suitable metal, but I prefer to make them
of cast steel sufficiently massive to resist violence or of my "intersected
metal."
I sometimes place my safe in a strong casing of wood rendered
comparatively incombustible, as before mentioned, and I also in a similar
manner render the wood for the casing, lining, or fittings of my safes
comparatively incombustible.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved composite safe
applicable especially for public offices, where a number of persons
require the use of small separate compartments, or for letting for hire as
in the case of safe deposit companies. I make a safe comparatively
burglar proof, within which I place a number of smaller safes or com-
partments with circular openings into which I fit circular plate doors
which I hang on hinges so arranged that the weight of the door shall
be borne by a spindle in its centre attached to a hinge, several of such
smaller safes or compartments being carried by a frame common to
them all, the frame being by preference formed of a plate into holes in
which the front ends of the several small safes or compartments are
secured. I prefer to screw the doors of the small safes or compartments
into their openings, and to lock them when screwed by suitable com-
bination or other locks.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
constructing the frames of safes. I take a bar of tee iron of a length
equal to the four sides of the safe, and out of the projecting web I cut
V pieces, and with suitable apparatus I bend the corners. I sometimes
weld the ends of the frame; I sometimes however put on a butt strip to
unite the ends; or I sometimes cause the ends to meet at one corner
and dovetail them, as may be most convenient; or instead of cutting
out V pieces I cut out pieces of the projecting web of the frame of such
size and shape as will allow a portion of the top or bottom web to pass
through slots in the side frame, or a portion of the side web to pass
through slots in the top and bottom frame; the positions of the flange
which pass through the slots I rivet up, and so add to the rigidity of the
frame of the safc.

page_text: ram I place in a "check" safe situated in a convenient position between
the strong room or safe and the pump's accumulator or water engine,
and where desirable I cause the closing of the door of the "check" safe
to open the valve or cock to waste, and so prevent the possibility
of introducing pressure into the cylinder, except when the door of the
check safe is open.
Where a pump is used I place it in a safe, which
on being closed I cause to lock the shaft or other working part of the
pump.
I provide an indicator, which will rise or fall with the receptacle, and
I fix this in a convenient position so as to be seen by the person in
charge of the water motor. When the receptacle has been lifted to the
proper height the indicator apparatus may open a relief valve to prevent
the overlifting of the receptacle.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
protecting the entrances to the staircases of strong rooms, and the tops
of hoists of strong rooms.
I provide a suitable frame in the floor of the room above the staircase
or hoist entrance, into which I fit a metal plate or plates of the size
of the opening at the top of such frame, and I provide the plate or
plates with suitable means of locking into the frame, so as not to be
taken up until unlocked with its proper key; by preference I make the
plate or plates forming the hoist or staircase cover of my Patent
intersected metal," so as to be undrillable.
66
In the case of the hoist the hoist cage is provided with cone or other
taper studs at the top, which will fit into holes in the lock case of the
cover, or into hollow studs prepared to receive them, and when unlocked
the hoist cover will be lifted by the hoist cage and form a cap, and on
descending the cage will leave the cover to fit into its seating in the
frame, and so effectually block the same.
In the case of the top of the staircase I provide in the upper portion
of the staircase one or more cylinders or rams of sufficient length to lift
the staircase cover to the required height, and by suitable apparatus lock
it up during such times as the staircase is required to be open.
In the case of winding iron stairs I sometimes make the upper portion
of the centre pillar to serve as the cylinder, into which I fit a ram of
suitable length.

page_text: I sometimes add to locks having keyholes a combination arrangement,
which prevents the movement of the bolt, even with its own key, until
the discs or other limbs forming the combination arrangement are
adjusted to the position occupied by them when the bolt was shot by its
key, or I provide a separate bolt to work in conjunction with the discs.
or other limbs forming the combination arrangements, which bolt I
cause to act as a shield to cover the keyhole of the lock or to block the
main bolt of the lock, or it may be both to act as a shield and a
block.
Another part of my Invention consists in making locks having
changeable key bits in such a manner that the combination of the key
may be changed whenever the lock is unlocked without necessitating
the taking out of any portion of the lock to change its combination to
suit the altered combination of the key. I make the bolt of a suitable
width, which I fit into a channel in the back plate of the lock of a depth
equal to the thickness of the bolt and the whole of the levers or slides
combined. I provide another channel in the back plate equal to the
thickness of the levers or slides only, and at right angles to the channel for
the bolt or nearly so. I form each of the slides (which serve the purpose of
the levers in ordinary lever locks) of several parts instead of in one piece,
as in the ordinary lever. I make the edge of oue portion of the slide
to fit into the edge of next portion to prevent the parts overlapping
each other. I so arrange these separate parts of the slides that when-
ever they are lifted with the key one of the dividing lines of each slide
is just over a dividing line of each of the other slides, and opposite each
side of the bolt channel. I make the bolt with two projections equal to
the total thickness of the slides. The space between the projections I
make equal to twice the travel of the bolt. The back projection I make
solid with the bolt, and the front one I attach to a separate limb carried
by the bolt in such manner that whenever pressure is put upon the bolt
it will move in a line different to that of the bolt. I prefer to place
this limb under the bolt (and away from the path of the key). I prefer
to use a rocking lever having on the front end a projection to act as part
of the main stump of the lock, which I cause to pass through a hole in
the bolt sufficiently large to allow it to work freely; the free end of

page_text: this rocking lever I cause to pass a fixed stump in the back plate of the
lock when the bolt is working with its own key, but which will on the
application of false pressure press against such fixed stumps, and so
prevent the lift of the slides being felt and registered. I fit in front of
the solid projection of the bolt a series of slides equal to the slides (or
levers) of the lock of the width of the bolt, and of a length equal to its
traverse. I lift the "composite "slides with the key, which in shooting
the bolt causes the solid slides of the bolt to displace and carry forward
a number of the parts of the composite slides, and on the withdrawal of
the key to take their places and form parts of the composite slides of
the lock. I provide suitable springs to follow up the composite slides,
and I fit the slides in convenient grooves for greater ease and certainty
of working. On the unlocking of the lock with the key at the same
combination as when locked the solid slides (forming a compound
stump) will be lifted into a position on a line with the channel for the
passage of the bolt, and the main stump of the lock will carry back with
the bolt the portions of the composite slides, each of the parts forming
the composite slides of the lock, which on the lifting of the slides with
the key will be in a line with the channel for the bolt I make equal to
the divisions of the key bit, so that whatever combination the key is
altered to will leave the parts of the composite slides when lifted by the
key in a line with the channel of the bolt, and so allow the solid slides
carried by the bolt to push them forward.
Instead of placing the slides on the back plate of the lock, and lifting
them with a key through a keyhole, I sometimes place them at right
angles with the back plate, and adjust them by a key having adjustable
pins or pushers corresponding to the number of slides. It will be seen
that while in ordinary lever locks the gatings are compound, and the
main stumps simple, in this lock the gating is simple and rigid, and the
main stumps compound, being formed of the stump or projection on the
limb carried by the bolt, and the solid slides and parts of the composite
slides combined.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
making combination locks having pin keys. I place a number of slides
at right angles to the bolt of the lock, and in the front edges of the
slides I make gatings for the limb, which serves in this lock the same
purpose as the main stump in an ordinary lever lock.

page_text: 1 sometimes make the slides with projecting pins to it into corres-
ponding holes in the door, or into the nozzle of the lock, which I fit
into the door, as described in the Specification of a former Patent granted
to me.
I prefer to fit into the nozzle separate pins or pushing pieces of equal
lengths, which will not require to be changed when the combination of
the slides is altered. The slots will all be in line when the slides are
pushed into position by a combination key having a number of pins
corresponding to the number of slides. I mark each slide with the
number of its pin in the key, and I fit the slides so that when the safe
or other chamber is open the combination can readily be changed; the
pins in the key are made interchangeable. I provide a suitable spring
for each slide, so that when the key is withdrawn the combination of
the lock cannot be ascertained. I carry with the bolt a separate limb,
which on any attempt to shoot back the bolt when the slides are not
adjusted by the proper key will be displaced, and the pressure thrown
on to a fixed portion of the lock instead of on to the slides.
I sometimes place between the lock and the nozzle carrying the pins
or pushers a shield, which may be carried by the bolt itself, or by the
spindle or other limb actuating the bolt. I provide holes in the shield
corresponding to the holes in the nozzle, and instead of making the
pushers solid and continuous I build them up of several parts, so that
whenever pressure is applied to the bolt the shield will remove parts of
the pins, and cut off all communication with the slides of the lock.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved pin hinge
specially applicable to safes and strong rooms. I make the main body
of the hinge of two halves, one half I attach to the door by suitable
palms, and the other half I attach to the side of the safe or frame.
I sometimes bore the bosses of the two halves through, and into the
hole I fit a round pin with a collar in the middle of its length, or a
nearly so.
I sometimes make the pin with a hind instead of central collar.
In some cases I fit a turned screw in the pin hole. When I use a
loose pin having a collar near the centre of its length I fit the collar
into an opening in the boss of the hinge at the junction of the two

page_text: halves, or I leave a space between the bosses of the two halves for the
collar of the pin.
I sometimes bore the boss of the top half of the hinge through, and
the boss of the bottom half only part through. I screw into the boss of
the top part of the hinge a set screw, with or without a locking nut;
the end of the set screw I allow to rest on the bottom of the hole in the
bottom half of the hinge, or I sometimes bore the bottom half of the
hinge through, and the top half only part through, and into the bottom
half I fit a set screw, with or without locking nut; the end of the set
screw I cause to bear against the top of the hole in the top half of the
hinge to take the weight of the door. The set screw serves as the pin
of the hinge, being fastened in one half of the hinge, and the other half
working loosely on it.
I sometimes fit my hinges with friction collars, washers, or cups of
annealed glass, steel, gun metal, bell metal, or hard bronze, to prevent
undue wear, and for ease of working; the pins or set screws I make of
any suitable metal, but I prefer to make them of steel, gun metal, or
hard bronze.
In cases where water is required to circulate through the hinge I
make the pin hollow for part or the whole of its length, and so arranged
that a free communication is maintained between water passages in the
palms of the top and bottom halves of the hinge. I screw the hollow
pin into or through the bottom half of the hinge, and so fix it that it
will be free to receive the boss of the top half of the hinge which will
work on it. In the boss of the upper half of the hinge between the
water passages and the junction of the two halves of the hinge I arrange
a suitable stuffing box and gland, so as to make it water-tight, thereby
preventing leakage at the junction of the hinge.
I sometimes fit in the top of the upper half of the boss a set screw,
with or without a suitable locking nut. I cause the end of this set
screw to bear on the top of the hollow pin of the hinge to take the
weight of the door.
I sometimes reverse the parts, and place the hollow pin in the top
half of the hinge, and the stuffing box and set screw in the bottom half.
I prefer to attach the top half to the door, and the bottom half to the
side of the safe or frame.

page_text: I sometimes place at the bottom of the lamp a balanced valve, so
arranged that whenever the air in the lamp is rarefied it will open by
the pressure outside the lamp, and so admit air to support combustion,
but whenever the temperature in the lamp and the room is equal will be
closed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Chatwood in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
CHATWOOD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Safe and Lock
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Chatwood, Her
special license, that I, the said Samuel Chatwood, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Chatwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFES AND STRONG ROOMS, AND IN LOCKS AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Samuel Chatwood, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Chatwood, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The first part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
rendering chambers for the storing of articles of value secure in case of
fire.
In many cases chambers are required to bo kept cool and at the same
time free from steam, as in the case of safes and strong rooms for
storing parchment documents, paintings, and articles which would be
injured by being exposed to steam.
a). I surround or partially surround the chamber with or construct
the chamber of tubes or pipes which I fill with water.
b). Or I line or partially line the chamber with the tubes or pipes
instead of surrounding the chamber externally.
c). Or, in the case of strong rooms, I sometimes place the
tubes or pipes in suitable cavities in the walls of the room, and I
fill the spaces around the pipes with cement, cement and sand,
cement and ground ganister, or other suitable impermeable plastic.
material.
Arrangements of this description are shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3,
on Sheet 1 of the annexed Drawings.
I make the connections between the pipes or tubes in the sides and
those of the door by means of hollow hinges on which the door works.
The pipes or tubes I connect by suitable circulating pipes to a water
supply at a distance from the safe, strong room, or receptacle to be pro-
tected, by preference a cistern or reservoir placed at a higher level, but
away from the safe or strong room. Where convenient I prefer to have
the cistern or reservoir beyond the possible range of any fire to
which the chamber can be exposed.
In some cases where dryness is not important, as in the preservation
of papers, I dispense with the hollow hinge connections and with the
circulating cistern, and I fill or partially fill the pipes or tubes with
water or with suitable substance, such as alum, which on the appli-
cation of heat will give off vapour, and I provide suitable openings into
the safe or strong room. These openings I plug or cover in such a
manner that on the application of internal pressure or undue heat the

page_text: plug or covering will yield and allow the steam to have access to the
safe or strong room.
In some cases I provide safes not steam-proof for the storing of
articles which would be injured by steam with one or more steam-proof
drawers or compartments therein.
In some cases I place the pipes or chambers in wood cases or linings
which may be made non-combustible by being treated by exhaustion
and pressure with a solution of alum, tungstate of soda, or similarly
with other suitable substance and then dried.
I sometimes place in the sides of my safes tubes, cases, or chambers
filled with alum or soda. These tubes, cases, or chambers I provide
with suitable openings which I plug or cover, as before mentioned, so
that on the application of undue heat or internal pressure they will
yield and allow the vapour to have access to the safe.
I sometimes fill the spaces round the tubes or chambers with kaolin,
mica, or with wood dust, made comparatively non-combustible by being
saturated with solution of alum or tungstate of soda.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved construction
of safes or strong rooms. I take the dust of wood which I place in a
chamber, from which I exhaust or partially exhaust the air. I then
subject it to a solution of alum, tungstate of soda, or other similar
substance either under atmospheric pressure only, or sometimes under
pressure from a pump. I afterwards place it in a mould of the form I
desire to make the slabs for the safe or strong room, and subject it to
pressure from a suitable ram.
Or
In the case of safes I sometimes mould the whole of the safe except
the door at one operation; in some cases I place in the mould per-
forated sheets or plates, bars of iron, or a network of metal;
sometimes I place a series of pipes in the mould, in which case I fill
them with water before subjecting the mould to pressure to prevent
their being crushed. I mix with the dust of wood "kaolin or gum to
add to its cohesiveness.
"
I sometimes attach the pipes, perforated plates, or network to a
suitable frame, and place the whole in the mould. I place a suitable
solid flange lock case formed of angle or tee iron, or cast and then
annealed, in a mould for the door.

page_text: In some cases I place safes made under this part or my invention in
metal shells.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved mode of
fastening the doors of safes and strong rooms when shut. I fix stud
bolts into the door itself, or into a suitable frame carried by the door.
These studs have slots at one or both edges, or have holes passing
through them. The slots or holes when the door is closed are on line
with one or more sliding bolts fitted to the side of the safe, by
preference at the back of the projecting flange of the tec or angle
frame of the safe. In the flange of the tee or angle frame of the safe
I provide holes for the stud bolts of the door to pass through. I also
make the sliding bolts with holes or slots corresponding with the holes
in the flange of the frame, and in some cases with slots at right augles
in addition to allow for the traverse of the sliding bolt. The slots in
the sliding bolts for fastening the stud bolts (the stud bolts having slots
on the edges) I make of a T pattern, and for stud bolts having holes
through them instead of having slots in their edges, I make the slots or
openings in the sliding bolt of a ☐ pattern. I sometimes, however,
make slots of an L pattern in the sliding bolt.
I sometimes make only a simple slot in the edge of the sliding bolt
at right angles thereto, or nearly so.
I sometimes, instead of making slots in the sliding bolts, attach
separato limbs to them, but in any case I shoot the limbs, hooks, or
parts of the sliding bolt through or into the stud bolt. I secure the
sliding bolt or bolts by one or more locks fixed under the flange of the
tee or angle frame of the safe, or to the door itself. I attach the sliding
bolts to the flange of the tee or angle frame or to the door by screws
and nuts, so arranged that the bolt will work freely on the shouldered
or cone-shaped nut. The sliding bolts have slots working on the
shouldered or cone-shaped nuts which keeps the bolt up to its work.
When the stud bolts are rivetted or screwed to the door I insert one or
more hard pins or screws to prevent the drilling out of the stud bolts.
In some cases I attach one or more sliding bolts to the door instead
of to the side frame of the safe, I cause the sliding bolts when attached
to the door to carry stud bolts, in which cases I make slots in the side
frames of the safes or into projecting pieces secured to the sides of the
safe, and I cause the sliding stud bolts to pass through such slots, and

page_text: by a motion imparted by key handle or other suitable contrivance to
engage with the frame or separate fixing of the side of the safe.
I sometimes instead of using sliding bolts to fasten safe doors, provide
bars in the sides of safes, or attached to the doors of safes in a line with
the opening. I fix such bars eccentrically, or I make one side flat; the
flat side I make on a line with the opening of the safe, and when the
door is closed I cause the bars to partially revolve, which will bring the
larger diameter of the bar into recesses or grooves in the side of the
safe when the bars are on the door, and into the door a flange or fixings
attached to the door when the bars are in the side framing of the safe.
The revolving bars I secure by one or more small locks, either directly,
which I prefer, or through intermediate bolts.
On Sheet 2 Figure 1 is an elevation, and Figure 2 a part sectional
plan of a safe fitted according to this part of the Invention.
In Figure 2 A, A, are the sliding bolt bars secured in place behind
the frame; B, B, are the dogs or studs perforated in the middle C,
through which perforations pass the tongues of the bolt bar.
Referring to Figure 3, which is a sectional elevation of the inside of
Figure 1, the safe is here shown locked, and as will be seen all the
tongues D, D, D, &c., are shot through the dogs B, B, thereby securing
the door; to unlock the door the small lock E is first unlocked, its bolt F
being now removed from between the two bars A and A³, and the width
of the bolt F being equal to the travel of the top bolt A¹; the bolt A can
now be thrown back by the follower G acting on the pin II, A being
thrown back releases the bolt A', which can now be raised in the same
way by its follower; this in turn releases A2, which when shot back
leaves A³ free to move, but which was before locked in its place by the
end of the bolt A, passing over a projection on the lower end of A*.
All the bolt bars being now shifted all the tongues D are out of the
lugs B and the door can be opened. To lock the door again the bolt
bar A³ must first be brought down by turning its follower in the
opposite direction to that necessary for unlocking, the other bars of
course follow in turn, and finally to close up, the bolt of the small
lock E is shot out between A and A³.
Figures 4 and 5 show some of the methods of securing the bolt bar

page_text: I sometimes place within the safe an inner safe, or it may be a wood
cabinet, which on the cover rising on its ram will rise with it out of
the well safe, or the safe may be used as a box or chest.
In cases where it is not convenient or desirable to have the ram and
cylinder in the safe itself, I suspend the cylinder from the bottom of the
safe and attach the ram to the bottom of the inner safe or cabinet. I
provide suitable guides where necessary. I fix a pump within the safe or
attached outside the safe in such manner as not to be accessible except
to the person in charge of the safe. I fix in the safe a valve which
on the application of undue pressure when the safe is locked will open
and allow the fluid under pressure to run to waste.
I sometimes place the pumps at a distance from the safe, and make
the connection with the cylinder.
I sometimes use an accumulator for the purpose of lifting my safe
ram or cylinder; the load of the accumulator may be raised either by
hand pumps or suitable water engine where head of water is available.
Where a water engine is used I fix it and arrange the valve or cock
in such a manner that when the accumulator is at the top the engine
will be at rest, and on the fall of the accumulator the engine will
commence to pump it up again.
I sometimes use a water engine instead of hand pump for lifting the
ram or cylinder direct without the intervention of an accumulator
where there is head of water available, as in the water mains of town,
but not sufficient to lift the ram or cylinder of a convenient diameter.
I sometimes use an intermediate differential ram working in two
cylinders, the smaller cylinder capable of holding sufficient fluid to fill
the working cylinder of the safe, to which I connect it by suitable
piping. And the larger cylinder I connect to the water mains, and I
make it of such diameter as to provide sufficient pressure on the area of
the smaller cylinder to lift the weight intended to be raised.
I make my well safes of any suitable metal, but I prefer to make
them of cast steel sufficiently massive to resist violence or of my
"intersected metal."
I sometimes place my safe in a strong casing of wood, rendered
comparatively incombustible as before mentioned, and I also in a similar
manner render the wood for the casing, lining, or fittings of my safes
comparatively incombustible.

page_text: On Sheet 3 Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a portable well safe
with cabinet or smaller safe within it; Figure 2 is an horizontal section
of the same; Figure 3 is a section of the cabinet showing one of the
forms of fitting it up.
A, Figure.1, is the exterior safe of intersected or
other metal; B is the cover or lid which is raised by the hydraulic
cylinder C, the cylinder being of the inverted description, the water being
supplied for working it either from outside the safe or from a pump|
placed within it ; the water passes into the cylinder C through the ram or
plunger D; a relief valve is provided in the safe or elsewhere, so adjusted
as to blow off when a certain known pressure arranged beforehand is
arrived at so that the cover cannot be injured by any excess of pressure
being brought upon it by the hydraulic apparatus. Attached to the
under side of the cover is the cabinet or inner safe E made of wood, iron,
or other suitable material, and having in the middle an aperture F for
the admission of the cylinder C. When therefore the hydraulic pressure
raises the cylinder and cover the cabinet or safe is raised with it, and
finally assumes the position shown by the dotted line in the elevation,
Figure 1, when it is fully raised. The lower part of the cabinet is pro-
vided with bolts which either act automatically or are thrust out by
hand, and so prevent the descent of the cabinet or safe during the time
it may be required to keep it raised. H, H, are guides to ensure its
rising truly.
The interior of the cabinet is arranged with a view to economy of space,
and, as will be seen when the doors are fully back, form a continuation of
the interior shelving or fittings. On the doors I and J, are provided
sliding trays or drawers K, K, which can easily be removed when required.
The lower portion L, L, of the cabinet or safe is so arranged as to form
a well. M, M, are drawers or shelves, as may be considered desirable.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved composite safe
applicable especially for public offices where a number of persons require
the use of small separate compartments, or for letting for hire, as in the
case of safe deposit companies. I make a safe comparatively burglar
proof, within which I place a number of smaller safes or compartments
with circular openings, into which I fit circular plate doors which I hang
on hinges, so arranged that the weight of the door shall be borne by a
spindle in its centre attached to a binge, several of such smaller safes or
compartments being carried by a frame common to them all, the frame
being by preference formed of a plate into holes in which the front ends

page_text: མ་ཞུས་༦
amouration at pieviously described.
In this frame a portion of the vertical web H, Figure 8, is cut away,
leaving a horn or projection J, an oblong slot of the width of the
thickness of the web of the T iron is cut out of the broad table K, when
therefore the frame is bent on the line L the horn J will pass through
the aforesaid slot, and when fully bent will appear, as shewn in Figure 7;
when desirable these horns pass through slots formed in the top and
bottom plates of the safe, and are then rivetted over, and in this way
greatly adding to the strength of the frame as well as the whole
structure.
Another part of my Invention consists of improvements in recep-
tacles for books, papers, and cash or valuables which require to be in use
by bankers and others during the day, and to be protected at night. I
place in a convenient position below the room floor a safe, well, or
strong room, in which I fix a ram with an inverted cylinder; the
cylinder passes through the bottom of the receptacle to be lifted, and is
attached to a plate on the top. In the floor I fix a strong iron or steel
frame which I attach to the roof of the strong room or top of safe or
well, and into this frame I fit a lifting door or lid of sufficient strength
and provided with a suitable lock case. I prefer where convenient to
sink the top of this frame and lid a few inches below the level of the
floor, and to make up the difference by fitting into the floor a frame
(say of oak or other suitable wood), and fixing on the iron or steel lid a
cap of oak or other suitable wood provided with a small trap door to
give access to the handles and keyhole. When the receptacle rises on
its ram it lifts the lid out of its seating, the lid cover and lock case
forming a cap. I make the edges of the cover and lid of a suitable
mould for a cornice, the lock case forming the plinth, and I prepare the
frames in the floor to form a seating for the moulded edges of the cover
and lid.
I sometimes make the whole receptacle of iron or steel, but I prefer
to make the top, bottom, and the two sides, only of iron or steel, which
I cover with wood, and to make the shelves and other fittings of
the lifting receptacle of wood; in some cases however the receptacle
may be made of wood of a suitable strength, provided with iron or steel
lid and lock case.
I provide suitable guides where required, and I provide on the cuides.

page_text: or on separate fixings slippers, which on being released by a trigger
arrangement when the ram or cylinder (as the case may be) is at its
proper height, will shoot into or under the sides of the receptacle, and
so take the weight off the ram.
The levers for working guard bolts I so arrange that when the guard
bolts are shot the centres on which the levers work are all on the same
line, or nearly so, the object being to secure that the fulcrum of the
lever shall serve as a block" to the guard bolt, and prevent its being
shifted except by the moving of the lever, which together with those for
working the slippers and the valves or cocks communicating with the
ram I place in a "check" safe situated in a convenient position
between the strong room or safe and the pumps, accumulator, or water
engine; and where desirable I cause the closing of the door of the
"check" safe to open the valve or cock to waste, and so prevent the
possibility of introducing pressure into the cylinder except when the door
of the check safe is open. Where a pump is used I place it in a safe,
which on being closed I cause to lock the shaft or other working part of
the pump.
I provide an indicator which will rise or fall with the receptacle, and
I fix this in a convenient position so as to be seen by the person in
charge of the water motor. When the receptacle has been lifted to the
proper height the indicator apparatus may open a relief valve to prevent
the overlifting of the receptacle.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of pro-
tecting the entrances to the staircases of strong rooms and the tops of
hoists of strong rooms.
I provide a suitable frame in the floor of the room above the staircase
or hoist entrance, into which I fit a metal plate or plates of the size of
the opening at the top of such frame; and I provide the plate or plates
with suitable means of locking into the frame, so as not to be taken up
until unlocked with its proper key; by preference I make the plate or
plates forming the hoist or staircase cover of my Patent "intersected
metal," so as to be undrillable.
In the case of the hoist the hoist cage is provided with cone or other
taper studs at the top, which will fit into holes in the lock case of the
cover or into hollow studs prepared to receive them, and when unlocked
the hoist cover will be lifted by the hoist cage and form a cap, and on

page_text: .
descending the cage will leave the cover to fit into its seating in the
frame, and so effectually block the same.
In the case of the top of the staircase I provide in the upper portion
of the staircase one or more cylinders or rams of sufficient length to lift
the staircase cover to the required height, and by suitable apparatus lock
it up during such times as the staircase is required to be open.
In the case of winding iron stairs I sometimes make the upper
portion of the centre pillar to serve as the cylinder, into which I fit a
ram of suitable length.
I sometimes place a safe of a sufficient height over the entrances, and
allow the bottom of the safe to form the hoist or staircase cover, and to
be so fitted that it will lift with the hoist, cage, or staircase, rams or
cylinders.
On Sheet 1 Figures 4 and 5 show a staircase with protected entrance,
and Figure 6 a hoist entrance with cover.
On Sheet 5 Figure 1 is an elevation and Figure 2 an end view of an
improved hoist or cage to work between the strong room and the place
of business situated above it; Figure 3 is a sketch of the motion for
shifting the shoes for supporting the hoist or cage while raised during
the day.
In Figures 1 and 2 A is the hoist itself, the fittings of which vary
according to the requirements of the business in which it is used; B, B,
are guides taken hold of by brackets C, C; E is the hydraulic press or
lift by which the hoist is raised. It will be noticed that the cylinder is
of the inverted type, the water being supplied to it through the plunger F,
which is secured in position by the bracket or base plate G, which rests
in its turn upon the strong room floor H; I is the opening from the
roof of the strong room to the floor above, and through this opening the
hoist passes in its ascent, at the same time lifting the steel door J with
its wooden cover K on its top, which is specially prepared for that
purpose by the insertion of the conical guide pegs L, L, which fit into
corresponding sockets in studs which stand out from the back plate of
the door; in this way the top of the hoist and the lock case of the cover
or door J are always maintained flush and true. M is a small trap door
admitting to the escutcheon N, in which are the square stumps and the
keyhole for unlocking the lock; O is a small supplementary guide for

page_text: the upper part of the hoist. At the upper part of the guides B are seen
the shoes P, with the triggers Q for releasing the shoes (when the hoist
is fully raised) by the adjustable pin R coming in contact with the
weight pin S when the proper height has been attained.
Referring now to Figure 3, as before, P, P, are the shoes, and it will
be seen that they are shot under the hoist by giving the motion through
a quarter of a circle by means of the various bars and levers there
shown. It needs only to be said that a weight or other constant force is
so applied to the link T as to always drive it in the direction of the
arrow that it will be seen is the direction for moving for shooting the
shoes under the hoist; this being so, as soon as the trigger releases the
shoes they immediately turn into their holding position, and can only be
brought back again by means of the lever or screw for that purpose,
which is situated in the check safe and acts on the links T.
Referring to Sheet 6, Figure 1 is an elevation of an entrance to a
strong room, showing the upper portion of the doors A, A, and the
position of the check safe B above them.
Figure 2 is a sectional side view of the check safe showing the upper
portion of the door frame.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan of the door showing the position of the
guard bolts C, C.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan of the lower part of the check safe.
In Figure 1 the left-hand door is shown with the outer plates partly
broken away in order to show more clearly the arrangement for covering
the key hole, and at the same time blocking the main bolts of the door
by means of the blocking and guard bolts; D is the main keyhole for
locking the claw bolts E, E, and it is covered, as previously described,
by a steel bar, which, when the door is fastened and the guard bolts
thrown, is in such a position as to break the line of the keyhole from
the outside to the lock proper.
In the Drawing this bar is shewn unlocked, the guard bolt being
drawn up as shown in Figures 1 and 2 (see also lever F in check safe,
Figure 2). When however the door is to be locked the claw bolts
E, E, are first shifted from the position here shown to the extent of
their own width in the direction of the arrows; the blocking bolt G is
then shot out into the space formerly occupied by the claw bolt beneath

page_text: it, as shown by the dotted line; motion is given to the blocking bolt,
and at the same time to the keyhole bar, by means of the small follower
H worked from a handle on the outside of the door through the medium
of the lever I pivoted at J. We have now shot the blocking bolt G
and covered the keyhole D, and require now to secure these in their
places; this is done by means of the guard bolt C which has its lower
edge dovetailed or sloped at either side to fit the dovetail recess in the
blocking bolt, into which it is now thrust by means of the check safe
lever F; this lever is so arranged as to stand vertical, as shewn by the
dotted lines, when the guard bolt is thrown, the centres then being
all in the line of the guard bolt any pressure applied to C to raise it is
transmitted directly to the gudgeon K of the lever F without in any
way tending to shift the position of the lever. The lever is held in
either the up or down position of the bolt by means of the small
quadrant and detent L, M.
Arrangement for Opening the Valve in the Check Safes to Waste
upon Closing either of the Doors.-In Figure 2 Sheet 6 is shown in the
lower part of the check safe the cock or valve N (it is here shown a three-
way cock) having a hollow plug with two openings in its opposite sides,
these openings being capable, according to the position in which the plug
stands, of connecting any one of the three branches Q, Q, Q, one of
which is seen in Figure 2, with the branch R leading to the hydraulic
cylinder in the strong room, and as these branches are equally distant from
one another round the shell of the cock, it is evidently only necessary in
making connection between any one of them and the branch R to move
the handle P on the spindle O through 120° or one-third of a circle. These
three branches are connected respectively with towns pressure, waste,
and pump delivery, and are so arranged that when the plug is at waste
the handle P shall stand across the safe at right angles to the division
plate S between the two safes.
It will be seen in Figure 1 that the handle P passes through the
division plate S into the other safe, so that the cock can be worked from

page_text: Figure 2 is a plan of the top corner of the right-hand door; Figure 3
is an elevation of the same.
In Figure 1 O is the cock spindle, which is provided at its upper end
with a double lever T, having pivots U, U, at either end. V is a tee
lever pivotted at W, and carrying on the two outer pivots X, X, links or
slotted bars Y, Y, so arranged that they fit one above the other on the
pivot U. Z is a rod connecting the inner pivot A with the stud B,
which is either cast or forged in one piece with the rod Z. C is a slotted
guide plate taken from the radius of the door centre E. The two thick
lines FG, HI, are the extreme positions of the handle P, Figure 2,
Sheet 6, or of the double lever T, Figure 1, Sheet 7. Suppose now that
one of the doors is opened, and the double lever T is shifted into the
position FG, the parts will take the directions of the arrow, and by the
time that the lever T is in place in the line F G the stud B will be at L,
Figure 2.
Referring now to Figure 3, M is a fixed stud in the lock case N;
on this stud works the trigger or bent lever P, which engages with the
stud B, and which, with its spring Q working against the stud R, always
tends to move in the direction of the arrow, or into the position shown
by the dotted line; its motion either way beyond a certain extent is
prevented by the curved slot S, in which works the stud 1 cast or forged
on the lever P. In the Drawing, Figure 3, the lever P is shown thrust
out of its position by the stud 2, with its adjustable nut 3, and in this
position it will be noticed the upper extremity of the lever P is just
clear of the stud B on the connecting rod Z. Now supposing it necessary
to bring the double lever T into position for "waste," that is, into the
position shown in the plan, Figure 1, upon closing the door the trigger P
will catch the stud B on the rod Z, and shift it along the curved slot to
the position B, shown in the Drawing. Having done this, and the lever
being now at waste, it is necessary to disconnect the attachment between
the stud B and the trigger P (for a reason to be presently pointed out).
This is done in the following way:-Just before the door closes the
lower end of the trigger P catches the end of the adjustable nut 3 on
the stud 2, and as the door continues to move inward the pivot M con-
tinues its motion, the end of the trigger against the nut remaining
stationary, it will easily be seen that the upper end of P will at last quit
the stud B altogether. The stud B is now free to move without in-
fluencing the trigger P, and this is necessary, as in the case of opening

page_text: either of the doors if the trigger did not leave the stud the spindle could
not be moved, and it would therefore be necessary to open both doors in
order to shift the spindle or handle of the cock, and this of course
would defeat the object in view in making the check safe in duplicate.
The gear is only shown for one safe; the other safe has the same gear
exactly, and it is only omitted for the sake of clearness.
Figure 4 on Sheet 7 is an clevation, part in section, of the pump safe
and pump, which are placed upon the small tank A; Figure 5 is a
sectional plan of the same.
Figure 6 is a detail of the bolt for locking the spindle of the pump.
The pump is of the ordinary description; one of the trunk kind as
shown in the Drawing at B. C is the spindle, which works the pump
by means of the crank D and the connecting rod E.
Referring to Figure 5, at the part of the spindle marked F is formed
a square, which when in a certain position allows the slot G in the
locking bolt H, see Figure 6, to slide over it; it is shown in this position
in Figure 4. While in this slot it is easily seen the spindle cannot
revolve, and as the bolt cannot be shifted until the door of the safe is
opened, the spindle may for the time being be considered locked. This
will be seen more clearly by referring to Figure 5, which shows the
When the bolt is out,
position of the locking bolt in the dotted lines.
and the spindle therefore capable of revolving at the same time, it will
be evident that the safe door cannot be closed until the bolt has been
pushed into place upon the pump spindle. As will be seen in Figure 6,
the open part J of the slot will, when the locking bolt H is drawn out,
allow the spindle to revolve freely.
The safe is of the ordinary description, its strength being adjusted to
suit varying conditions under which it may be placed.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of pro-
tecting the locks of safes and chambers for storing valuables from injury;
1 make the keyhole in the door partly in a moveable plate bar forging
or casting, which plate bar forging or casting I move (with a handle or
other suitable contrivance) between the lock and the door, so that when
the lock is not required to be in use the line of passage for the key may
be broken and the keyhole closed. I secure the plate bar forging or

page_text: casting by a separate lock or fastening without keyhole proper, as for
instance, a suitable magnetic bolt or combination lock with pins or
spindles instead of key requiring open keyhole in lock.
I sometimes make the plate bar forging or casting solid, and so fit it
as to allow it when shot to cover the keyhole of the lock by passing
behind the door and secure it as before mentioned.
I sometimes provide block bolt or bolts to be worked by the handle or
key, which works the plate bar forging or casting for covering the
keyhole or by a separate key or handle; these block bolts are thrown out
of the lock case on the closing of the keyhole, and I sometimes secure
them by guard bolts, or otherwise, worked from a secure position outside
the strong room or other receptacle, instead of by separate lock in the
safe itself; I prefer to work them by levers or screws from a separate
"check" safe, see Sheet 6.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
making combination locks secure against being picked. Instead of
allowing the rigid bolt to pass into gatings in the disks or adjustable
limbs forming the combination arrangement of the lock, I provide a
separate limb which is carried by the bolt, and to this I attach one or
more engaging pieces, which when the disks or adjustable limbs are in
position for unlocking will pass into the gatings therein, but which when
the disks or adjustible limbs are not in position for unlocking, will on
the application of pressure move in a line different to the path of the
bolt, and prevent its being pushed back, or the gatings of the disks
or adjustible limbs being felt and registored as in ordinary combination
locks.
I sometimes add to locks having keyholes a combination arrangement
which prevents the movement of the bolt even with its own key, until
the disks or other limbs forming the combination arrangement arc
adjusted to the position occupied by them when the bolt was shot by its
key; or I provide a separate bolt to work in conjunction with the disks
or other limbs forming the combination arrangements, which bolt I
cause to act as a shield to cover the keyhole of the lock, or to block
the main bolt of the lock, or it may be both to act as a shield and a
block.

page_text: changeable key bits in such a manner, that the combination of the key
may be changed whenever the lock is unlocked, without necessitating
the taking out of any portion of the lock to change its combination
to suit the altered combination of the key; I make the bolt of a
suitable width which I fit into a channel in the back plate of the lock
of a depth equal to the thickness of the bolt, and the whole of the levers
or slides combined. I provide another channel in the back plate equal
to the thickness of the levers or slides only, and at right angles to the
channel for the bolt or nearly so; I form each of the slides (which serve
the purpose of the levers in ordinary lever locks) of several parts instead
of in one piece as in the ordinary lever; I make the edge of one portion
of the slide to fit into the edge of next portion to prevent the parts over-
lapping each other; I so arrange these seperate parts of the slides that
whenever they are lifted with the key one of the dividing lines of each
slide is just over a dividing line of each of the other slides; and opposite
each side of the bolt channel I make the bolt with two projections equal
to the total thickness of the slides; the space between the projections
I make equal to twice the travel of the bolt; the back projection I make
solid with the bolt, and the front one I attach to a soparate limb carried
by the bolt in such manner that whenever pressure is put upon the bolt
it will move in a line different to that of the bolt. I prefer to place this
limb under the bolt (and away from the path of the key); I prefer to use
a rocking lever having on the front end a projection to act as part of the
main stump of the lock, which I cause to pass through a hole in the
bolt sufficiently large to allow it to work freely; the free end of this
rocking lever I cause to pass a fixed stump in the back plate of the lock
when the bolt is working with its own key, but which will on the
application of false pressure press against such fixed stumps, and so
prevent the lift of the slides being felt and registered. I fit in front of
the solid projection of the bolt a series of slides equal to the slides (or
levers) of the lock of the width of the bolt, and of a length equal to its
traverse; I lift the "composite" slides with the key which in shooting
the bolt causes the solid slides of the bolt to displace and carry forward
a number of the parts of the composite slides, and on the withdrawal of
the key to take their places and form parts of the composite slides of the
lock, I provide suitable springs to follow up the composite slides, and
I fit the slides in convenient grooves for greater ease and certainty of
working. On the unlocking of the lock with the key at the same
combination as when locked, the solid slides (forming a compound stump)

page_text: will be lifted into a position on a line with the channel for the passage
of the bolt, and the main stump of the lock will carry back with the
bolt the portions of the composite slides, each of the parts forming the
composite slides of the lock, which on the lifting of the slides with
the key will be in a line with the channel for the bolt I make equal
to the divisions of the key bit, so that whatever combination the key
is altered to will leave the parts of the composite slides, when lifted
by the key in a line with the channel of the bolt, and so allow the solid
slides carried by the bolt to push them forward.
Instead of placing the slides on the back plate of the lock and
lifting them with a key through a keyhole, I sometimes place them at
right angles with the back plate, and adjust them by a key having
adjustable pins or pushers corresponding to the number of slides. It
will be seen that while in ordinary lever locks the gatings are com-
pound and the main stump simple, in this lock the gating is simple
and rigid, and the main stump compound being formed of the stump or
projection on the limb carried by the bolt, and the solid slides and parts
of the composite slides combined.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
making combination locks having pin keys. I place a number of slides
at right angles to the bolt of the lock, and in the front edges of the
slides I make gatings for the limb which serves in this lock the same
purpose as the main stump in an ordinary lever lock.
I sometimes make the slides with projecting pins to fit into corre-
sponding holes in the door or into the nozzle of the lock, which I fit
into the door as described in a Specification of a former Patent granted
to me.
I prefer to fit into the nozzle separate pins or pushing pieces of equal
lengths which will not require to be changed when the combination of
the slides is altered. The slots will all be in line when the slides arc
pushed into position by a combination key having a number of pins
corresponding to the number of slides. I mark each slide with the
number of its pin in the key, and I fit the slides so that when the safe
or other chamber is open the combination can readily be changed, the
pins in the key are made interchangeable. I provide a suitable spring
for each slide so that when the key is withdrawn the combination of
the lock cannot be ascertained. I carry with the bolt a separate limb

page_text: which on any attempt to shoot back the bolt when the slides are not
adjusted by the proper key will be displaced and the pressure thrown on
to a fixed portion of the lock instead of on to the slides.
I sometimes place between the lock and the nozzle carrying the pins
or pushers a shield which may be carried by the bolt itself or by the
spindle or other limb actuating the bolt; I provide holes in the shield
corresponding to the holes in the nozzle, and instead of making the pushers
solid and continuous I build them up of several parts, so that whenever
pressure is applied to the bolt the shield will remove parts of the
pins and cut off all communication with the slides of the lock.
An alphabetical combination lock with circular door combined is
shewn on Sheets 8 and 9.
The lock consists in the first place of a certain number of cylinders
having a segmental slot in their top faces, and connected in a peculiar
way with knobs on the outside of the door or lock case.
In the Drawing the cylinders are four in number, and are marked
A, A, A, A, in Figures 2, 3, and 4; they are in connection with the four
knobs or handles B, B, B, B, in Figures 1, 3, and 4.
On referring to Figure 4 it will be seen that the knob B is provided
with a conical neck passing through the thickness of the door, and secured
on the inside with a nut and washer C. On the outside of the nut which
is circular in form is turned a groove in which fit three or more small
pins with rounded ends securing the cylinder in its proper place, but
at the same time allowing it if necessary to revolve; it will be noticed
that the centre of the conical neck of the knob is bored out to receive the
spindle E with its spiral spring F. On the upper portion of the spindle E
is formed a projecting flange or rim notched or toothed, as shown in the
plan of spindle, Figure 5; this toothed flange fits (when driven up into
place by the spiral spring) into a toothed ring, the teeth in the flange
engaging with the teeth in the ring, so that for the time being the
cylinder A and the spindle E are one piece so far as any tendency to
revolution, or in other words neither is capable of revolving without
taking the other with it. It will also be noticed that under the flange
and just above the spiral spring the spindle is squared, as shown by the
dotted line above the flange, the portion of the spindle projecting is a
round and fits the round hole in the top of the cylinder through which

page_text: the segmental slot cuts, the squared portion of the spindle fits in a
squared socket in the conical neck of the outside knob, when therefore
the knob B is turned round either way the cylinder A must follow it.
The knob B is provided with an index pointer indicating the letter it
stands at on the circular dial, Figure 1. Now it is evident that if the
slot in the cylinder A is in any particular position with regard to the
index on the knob outside, and it is required to change its position, the
connection between the knob and cylinder must be removed so as to
allow the one free revolution without taking the other along with it.
This can be brought about by depressing the spindle E so as to shift the
toothed flange out of the surrounding ring, the knob is then free to
revolve either way and as the number of teeth in the flange and its
toothed ring are the same as the number of letters on the dial the spindle
when allowed to return to its place will always retain its exact relative
position with respect to the letters on the dial. The aforesaid operation
is that necessary for altering the combination of the lock. It will
now be necessary to describe the locking apparatus; this consists of
a circular cam bolt G, Figures 2 and 3, having on its outside edge a
falling flange or rim (see Figure 3); this rim it will be seen passes
through the segmental slots of all the cylinders A, A, when they are
brought into their proper position by means of the knobs on the outside.
It will be seen that this rim is cut away opposite each cylinder in order
to allow of their revolving in bringing the slots into place for either
locking or unlocking. In the inner portion of the cam plate are two
eccentric slots, which upon the revolution of the cam shoot or withdraw
the two blocking bolts H, H, according to the direction in which the
cam bolt is caused to revolve; of course if the blocking bolts are shot
the cam can only be turned in the direction for withdrawing the
blocking bolts. In the outer edge of the cam bolt will be seen the
"safety lever" arrangement I; this consists of a strong plate I pivotted
at J, and carrying two stumps or projections K and L; M is a fixed
stump or projection in the door or lock case; the spring at the back of
the safety lever urges it gently in the direction of the arrow.
In the Drawing the lock is shown with the locking bolts shot, now
supposing any force to be applied to the cam plate, through the
spindle N on which the cam plate is fixed, in the direction necessary for
unlocking, as shown by the arrow, the stump K will if the cylinder
adjacent has not-got its slot in proper position for unlocking (it is shown
2

page_text: in position in the Drawing) bear and be driven against some solid
portion of the cylinder, the effect of which will be to depress the stump L
and cause it to lay hold of the fixed stump M, and thus prevent any
further motion being given to the cam plate. It will be noticed that
there are a series of gaps in the outer edge of the cylinders; these are
"false notches," and are intended to act as a preventative to the feeling
of the main slot, through which of course the safety lever stump pass
without obstruction.
At
In the event of altering the combination of the letters for opening the
lock it is absolutely necessary to have some means of retaining the
cylinders in their proper places for unlocking, so that there may be no
uncertainty as regards the letters when they are once fixed upon.
the same time it is of vital importance to prevent any accidental
alteration in the act of unlocking or otherwise, as in this case the lock
might be locked and the real combination of letters unknown; it is
therefore desirable to have some special operation connected with the
alteration of the combination which will render it impossible for an
alteration either to be made by accident or maliciously.
As will be seen in the Drawing the cylinders are placed symmetrically
and divide the cam plate into four parts, the cam plate having a quarter
revolution for unlocking; this being so it will be readily seen that the
cylinders are capable of revolution when the lock is unlocked, and this
is important, as the unlocking letters are then casily displaced, thus
preventing any person obtaining the combination in the case of the door
being left open in the absence of the owner. Now as has been pointed
out the cam plate requires but one-quarter revolution to unlock, the
cylinders being then free to revolve, and this is all that would be
required in the ordinary state of affairs, and further revolution of the
cam plate is prevented by a revolving fixed stump O, Figure 7, that is, a
stump, which is in the ordinary way fixed, but is capable of being turned
round when necessary so as no longer to present any obstruction to the
motion of the stump P on the cam plate. Now when it is required to
alter the combination this stump is turned partly round, and the cam
plate has then a slightly greater travel in unlocking, and thus causes
the rim of the cam plate to again enter the segmental slots in the
cylinders, this holding them in their places. A key or pusher is now
applied to the end of the piston E through the opening in the lock
case, shown at Q, Q, Figures 6 and 7, which as before pointed out dis-

page_text: the combination of the whole can readily be altered to suit require-
ments.
I sometimes place the cylinders in a line, and place as many main
stumps on a bolt plate as there are cylinders, the main stumps may
however be attached to safety levers carried by the bolt plate.
The circular door shown in combination with the lock is as will be
seen hinged on a light triangular frame R, Figure 1, the lock spindle
being attached to it at the centre of the door in such a way that there
is free turning motion in the plane of the door only; it will be noticed
in Figure 3 that the front edge of the lock case requires to be made on
the slope inside, that the door may quit the jamb in opening.
The method adopted in securing the door is as follows:-Referring to
Figures 2 and 3 it will be seen that the door is provided with four dogs
or lugs S, S, S, S, rivetted or bolted securely to it; also in the ring T, T,
which forms the jamb of the door, are four notches or gaps for admitting
the aforesaid lugs. In closing the door the lugs are brought opposite
the gaps by turning the door until it meets a fixed stop on the spindle;
the door is now pushed inwards into its place, and again turned in the
opposite direction until the lugs come in contact with a stop fitted on
the inside of the jamb ring; the two bolts H, H, are now thrown by
means of the central spindle, and the knobs shifted from the correct
opening, when the door may be considered shut and locked.
In the Drawing Sheet No. 10 another form of circular door is shown
the only difference being that in this case the door is provided with a
screwed edge at the back, which fits the screwed edge of the jamb ring,
but instead of giving the door as many revolutions as there are threads
in the screw it is only necessary to enter it as in the previous case, and
by giving one-third of a revolution the door is screwed home, the bolts
three in number in this case are then shot into the sockets in the jamb
ring and the operation is complete. The lock shown on this door has
been already patented by me, and is merely shown as an adaption.
Lock with Changeable Key Bit.-In this lock the combination of the
slides can be changed from time to time merely by an alteration in the
setting of the bit of the key, which for this purpose is made up of

page_text: رو
separate pieces, one to each set of slides, in the present case there are
eight slides and therefore eight moveable pieces in the bit of the key.
The general arrangement of the lock is shown on Sheet 11, in Figures 1
to 4, and Figure 5 shows one of the forms of adjustable key bits. A is
the main bolt of the lock which is provided with three horns or pro-
jections B, B, B, forged or cast on the two spaces C and D enclosed
by these three projections are fitted with dovetail grooves and slots on
each side alternately (see Figure 2); in these dovetails and slots are
fitted the ends of slips of brass or other metal of any convenient size;
in the Drawing they are shown about square the depth of the bolt, or
rather its width exactly corresponds to a certain number of these slips,
in this case there are just thirteen slips in its width in the space D; it
will be noticed there is one of the slides in each set of a depth or length
equal to that of the width of the bolt or of thirteen of the small slips, and
on referring to Figure 4 it will be seen that these "long slides are
placed at various heights or distances from the lower edge of the bolt.
The bolt itself slides truly through the raised portion of the lock frame,
the upper face of the bolt and that of the lock frame being flush, the
space D in the bolt is exactly reproduced at either side in the lock
frame, that is at E and F, so that when the slides are pushed either up
or down they slide evenly out of the bolt into either the lock frame
above or below the bolt, as the case may bo. At the upper portion of
the slides is fitted a comb G or spring slit into layers, the end H being
filled up as shown in order to prevent one spring or layer catching in
the one next to it, this spring always tends to keep the slides in their
lowest position, and to raise them the key has to overcome the tendency
of the spring. The lower portion I of the slides is solid, a piece being
provided for each set of slides, and in this the perforation for the key
is cut, as shown at J. The lock is shown in the Drawing with the bolt
shot out. Supposing now that the bolt is to be brought in by the key,
the key is turned round in the direction of the arrow, and when it
arrives at the vertical position shown by the centre line, the lower edge
of the "long slide" is in a line with the lower edge of the main bolt,
and as the bit of the key is so adjusted all the other long slides are in
the same position, and the bolt may now be shot back by means of the
follower K in the ordinary way. Now the space C is in a line with the
space E and F, and the key being removed the slides in the space C take
the place of the "long slide;" we have now all small slides from I to
the top and the lock is unlocked. Supposing now that we wish to

page_text: change the combination of the key as the difference in the steps of the
key bit is always either the depth of one slide or a multiple of it, any
step of the bit we introduce to raise the slides will necessarily bring a
joining line in the slides in a line with the lower edge of the bolt, and
this being the same at the top edge the bolt can be moved forward
until the large slide is again in place, then on the key being withdrawn
the slides in F will sink to follow it, and the " large slide" will follow
them and secure the bolt; it will be seen that it makes no difference
whether the key bit have a step equal to the depth of one slide or seven
slides, as in any case the bolt can be shot forward when the key stands
vertically, that is, when the slides are raised. The combination therefore
can only be altered when the bolt is shot in or when the lock is unlocked.
It will now be necessary to provide against picking by means of urging
the bolt, and feeling separately when the large slides come into position;
this is got over as follows:
It will be noticed that the dovetail on the lower side at the left hand
of the large slide is cut away to a little beyond the centre, that is to
(this slide is shown in its lowest possible position), also that the opposite
side of the slide space W is moveable in the direction of the arrow, but is
urged in the opposite direction by the spring M. This being so it can
easily be seen that if the bolt be urged inwards by means of the
follower K the spring M will give and allow the bolt to move a certain
distance inwards until it is stopped from further motion by the guiding
stump N. At the same time that the bolt is shifted back from its proper
position connection between the key and the slides (at least as far as
moving them with the key is concerned) is cut off by the top slide in
the bolt getting under the right-hand corner of the lock frame at O, so
that as soon as any pressure is put upon the bolt the slides at once lock
The
themselves and cannot move until the bolt is released again.
arrangement P at the extreme left of the lock is to prevent the removal
by chance of the key when the lock is not locked, the rule being that
you cannot have the key in your pocket and yet have left lock
open. It acts as follows:-P is a light arm attached to the main bolt A,
as shown, and having at its lower end a boss carrying a sort of flat
tumbler capable of being turned partly round in the direction of the
arrow when the door to which the lock is attached is open, and not at
any other time; R is a small detent to keep the tumbler in it place;
S is a thin steel plate or other bolt sliding over the top of the uppermost
your

page_text: set of slides, and guided in the lock frame as shown. Supposing now
that the key stands vertically, or in other words that the slides are in
position for shifting the main bolt inward as the arm P. and its con-
nections are attached to the bolt they will move with it the light bolt S,
coming against the key bit, and preventing the turning of the key to
withdraw it until the main bolt is again shot out. If however the com-
bination is to be altered the key must come out while the lock is
unlocked. To do this turn the tumbler round so as to let it slide into
the horizontal slot T. The spiral spring which tends in the direction of
the arrow (when the main bolt is shot in, and which is neutral when the
bolt is out) will immediately draw back the light bolt S sufficiently to
allow the key being turned round and withdrawn, and the bit altered if
required. It will be noticed that the first step or piece on the key bit is
forged solid with the key, and it is upon this that the bolt S acts when
shot in. This piece being solid with the key also helps to support the
remaining pieces of the bit.
Changeable Key Bit Lock arranged for Safety Lever. This lock,
which is shown on Sheet 12, is the same in principle as the last one, but
there are some slight modifications for introducing a safety lever. The
main bolt A carries the forging or casting B, which contains the slides,
as in the last arrangement. The piece B is kept in position by the
spring C, which draws it up against the back stop D (Figure 2 shows
this more clearly). B is held down upon A by the sliding screw fitted
at E. It will be seen that all the long slides are perforated by an
opening, through which passes the stump F of the safety lever G. This
lever is pivotted at H. The other end of the lever carries the stump I,
which works in the groove J in the back plate of the lock. On referring
to Figure 1 it will be noticed that the groove J is enlarged just under
the stump I. This enlargement serves as a stop for the stump I when
the lever has been displaced. As was pointed out in describing the
previous arrangement of lock all the long slides come into the same
position exactly when the key stands vertically, therefore all the
notches L in the perforation K in the long slides can be adjusted to come
opposite the stump F at that time, and the main bolt carrying the safety
lever and the slides will then all be shot back together, the stump I of
the safety lever sliding along the groove J. If however the main bolt A.
be urged backwards when all the notches I are not in line the stump F
will press against the right-hand side of the projection K, and thus dis-

page_text: place the stump I, which will eventually be pressed against the front of
the enlargement of the groove J, and so prevent further motion of the
main bolt.
Lock with Adjustable Pin Key for Altering Combination.-The
principle of this lock, which is shown on Sheet 13, is much the same as
that of the one first described. A is the main bolt carrying the slides as
before; B is a moveable piece for cutting off the slides when the bolt
has been shifted, and has the same office as the piece W in the first lock.
Figure 3 explains itself. C, C, C, &c., are pins for the key to act
against; D, D, D, are the spiral springs supporting the slides in the
place of the comb before mentioned. The slides in this lock pass
through instead of across the bolt. Figure 4 is a front view of the
nozzle E, which is screwed to secure it to the door.
Pin Key Lock with Moveable Slide for Altering Combination.-This
lock is shown on Sheet 14. A is the main bolt carrying an arm or
stump B, which when the lock is locked enters the grating C in the
slides d; E is the safety lever, which is fixed in this case on the back
plate of the lock. It engages with the stump F of the main bolt when
the lock is locked, and is gently urged toward the slides by the light
spring G. The safety lever carries an arm which engages all the slides,
as shown in Figure 1. H is a spiral spring for keeping the slides in
place. I, I, I, &c., are the pins for the key to act against. By removing
the cover J by means of the milled screws K the slides can be taken
out by the prolonged piece L, on which is their number with reference
to the pieces in the key. The springs are placed zig-zag in order to save
room, and the enlarged top of the spring spindle is grooved like the
head of a screw to engage the bottom edge of the slides, as shown
at 0, 0, in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the view of the cover J when
looking on the inside of the door on which the lock is fixed.
The action is as follows:-The pin key presses down the slide until
all the notches P come in line, the spring G then forces the end of the
lever E into the opening, at the same time releasing the stump F from
the other end of the lever; the bolt can then be shot in the ordinary
way. Qis a false notch to guard against any attempt to feel the slides
3 separately, and by that means pick the lock. The safety lever E is
thrown out of the notch P in locking by one of the slides, which is
sloped on the edge for this purpose. All the slides are interchangeable.

page_text: palms of the top and bottom halves of the hinge. I screw the hollow
pin into or through the bottom half of the hinge, and so fix it that it
will be free to receive the boss of the top half of the hinge which will
work on it. In the boss of the upper half of the hinge, between the
water passages and the junction of the two halves of the hinge, I
arrange a suitable stuffing box and gland, so as to make it water-
tight, thereby preventing leakage at the junction of the bosses of the
hinge.
I sometimes fit in the top of the upper half of the boss a set screw
with or without a suitable locking nut. I cause the end of this set
screw to bear on the top of the hollow pin of the hinge to take the
weight of the door.
I sometimes reverse the parts, and place the hollow pin in the top
half of the hinge and the stuffing box, and set screw in the bottom half.
I prefer to attach the top half to the door, and the bottom half to the
side of the safe or frame.
I sometimes make the hollow pin sufficiently long to pass through the
upper half of the hinge, and in the boss I provide a suitable stuffing
box and gland at the top, and another at the bottom, having the water
passage of the palm of the upper half of the hinge communicating
with the hollow pin between the two stuffing boxes, and so prevent
leakage.
On Sheet 17 Figure 1 shows a sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a plan
of a hinge to be used on doors of safes and strong rooms which are
surrounded by a system of pipes, double skin, or other arrangement
containing water, which by circulating through the aforesaid system
will keep the safe, strong room, or other receptacle cool in the event of
fire. This form of hinge will allow the water to circulate through the
door, and thus every part of the exterior surface of the structure will be
subject to the cooling influence of the current. The hinge consists of
two palms having hollow bosses or sockets at one of their extremities, a
hole running through the palm and terminating in the socket in each
piece forms the communication between the door and structure on which
it is fixed, the other end of the hole terminating, after turning at right
angles, in the flat face of the palm, so that when the palm is secured to
the door, &c., and the hole in the palm placed directly over one provided
in the door communication is so far complete.

page_text: Referring to Figure 1, A and B are the two holes terminating in the
sockets C, D, the uppermost socket C being that attached to the door,
and the long one that fixed to the structure itself; Figures 3 and 4 are
sections through the sockets, and show the course of the holes more
clearly. In Figure 1 E is a pin or gudgeon firmly screwed into the
socket D, and having a hole extending from the bottom to nearly the
top, at which point it is turned at right angles, coming out at both sides
of the square end F, as will be seen on reference to the Drawing. The
top of the gudgeon E is provided with a slight depression H, in which
works the set screw G, which passes through the nut I, and is secured
outside by the jamb nut K. The space L is for the packing necessary.
to prevent leakage of the water down the gudgeon E, and out at the
junction of the sockets at M; N is the packing ring for forcing down
the packing by means of the nut I, against which it presses.
The action of the lower hinge is as follows:-The water enters first
through the hole in the bottom palm, and passes up through the
gudgeon E, and out at the hole A into the door, after circulating through
which it passes in the reverse order out of the door again by the upper
hinge, and lock into the original structure.
In preparing the hinge for use the packing is first driven down hard
by the nut I, sufficient packing being introduced to allow the nut I to
take a bearing on the socket, a leather or other washer being introduced
between the nut and socket, if thought desirable; the set screw L is
then brought down just sufficiently to part the two sockets, as at M, and
therefore takes the weight of the door. The jamb nut is now screwed
hard down to keep the part Q from being displaced, and the adjustment
is complete for that hinge. Of course the gudgeon E takes all the side
thrust due to the overhanging of the door, and for this purpose can be
made any convenient size.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of one form of pin hinge as in the
last described hinge; the two palms terminate in sockets A and B,
which are truly bored out to receive the gudgeon or pin C, which is
screwed at the upper end, and fits the internal screw in the socket A.
A is a jamb nut to hold the pin in its place; E is a hard metal or other
cup, on which the pointed end of the pin C works.
The pin is
screwed down until the sockets are just clear of one another, and thus
takes the direct weight of the door, the remainder or overhanging weight

page_text: ULLO
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portion of the pin.
Figure 7 shows a modification of this hinge, a small set screw G being
substituted for the larger one in the previous case, and a collar is
provided at about the mid height to take the downward thrust.
Figure 9 shows a modification of the collar as applied in Figure 7,
the remaining parts of the hinge being the same.
The principal advantages claimed in these hinges are greater surface
to withstand wear, diminution of friction in opening and shutting, an
important item in heavy doors, allowance for taking up the wear from
time to time, and also facility of removal, as the door in case of requiring
attention need then only be sent away, thus saving the extra cost of
carriage in a heavy safe or other structure.
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
ventilating strong rooms. I provide strong rooms with inlet and outlet
ventilating pipes or channels; one end of the inlet pipe or channel
I open in the strong room, by preference at or near the bottom, and the
other end I convey to a part of the premises away from the strong room,
and open it in such a position as to allow a free inlet of dry air, or air
comparatively dry. One end of the exit pipe or channel I open in the
strong room, by preference at or near the top, and the other end I
convey to a convenient hot air flue or heated chamber connected with
a flue away from the strong room.
I prefer to heat the chamber by an internal gas jet stove or other fire,
so arranged that the air required to support combustion must be drawn
through the pipe or channel from the strong room; or I connect the
exit pipe or channel with a suitable fan or exhaust apparatus, which I
work with a small turbine or water engine, or other convenient motor
where head of water is available.
I sometimes place the water motor in the line of the water source, so
that whenever the water is passing through the pipes the motor will be
at work without wasting the water.
In this improvement it is desired to produce a draught or circulation
of air in the strong room or other structure by means of a gas or other
stove of somewhat peculiar construction placed in a position remote

page_text: from the strong room and in the vicinity of a flue, though this is not by
any means absolutely essential.
Figure 9 on Sheet 4 shows a sectional elevation, and Figure 10 a
sectional plan, of the gas or other stove; A is the stove itself, which
may be circular in form, it is provided with a close fitting door B, held
in its place by the cross bar C with its screw d; E is a coil perforated
on its upper side for the gas jets; F is the inlet into the stove from the
upper part of the strong room; and G is the outlet from the stove to the
flue or open air, as the case may be. The action of the stove is of
course due to the rarification of the air passing in at the pipe F which
has then to ascend the pipe G, a fresh quantity passing in from the strong
room through the pipe F to support combustion.
Figure 11 shows another mode of ventilating; in this case the pressure
of the water in the street mains is made use of to drive the small
turbine H, which in its turn works the fan or air pump J, the air being
drawn through the pipe K from the upper part of the strong room,
being discharged through the pipe L into the open air.
and
Another part of my Invention consists of an improved mode of
lighting strong rooms. It has hitherto been usual to light strong rooms
by naked lights, the water from which given off in the form of vapour
condenses in the room, causing dampness and injury to deeds and other
articles, instead of which I place lights in closed lamps, or lamps only
open at the bottom, which lamps communicate by suitable pipes or
channels with a ventilating apparatus outside the strong room to carry
off the products of combustion, and so prevent injury to the contents of
the strong room. The air required to support combustion may be drawn
through the bottom of the lamps from the room, or through a small pipe
outside the room.
I sometimes place at the bottom of the lamp a ballanced valve, so
arranged that whenever the air in the lamp is rarefied it will open by
the pressure outside the lamp, and so admit air to support combustion,
but whenever the temperature in the lamp and the room is equal will
be closed.
The object of this improvement, shown at Figure 12, Sheet 4, is to
carry off the gases arising during combustion, which otherwise would
condense and settle on the walls of the strong room in the form of dew,
thereby causing considerable injury to parchments and other valuable

page_text: contents of the room.
The gas is here admitted to the strong room by
the pipe A, the end B of which is turned round and fitted with the
ordinary nipple or burner; these are enclosed in a glass globe C, open
at the bottom D, this globe is suspended from the roof of the strong room
by the short hollow pillar E, sufficient play being allowed between the
globe and pillar as would prevent injury to the former should it get
a blow. The gases due to combustion pass up through the pillar E and
out into the pipe F, and thence to a flue or the open air, as the case
may be.
Inlet pipes are provided which open into the room near the bottom;
the inlet pipes I prefer to convey under the floor imbedded in concrete.
They pass to a suitable part of the building where dry air or air com-
paratively dry may be obtained.
What I claim is the improvements, substantially as described, in
safes and strong rooms, and in locks and apparatus connected therowith,
some of which improvements are applicable to other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Chatwood, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-