IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING LETTERS, NUMERALS, AND ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS ON GLASS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Simson Buchanan, of Liverpool, in tho
County of Lancaster, Glass Writer and Embosser, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING LETTERS, NUMERALS, AND ORNAMENTAL
DESIGNS ON GLASS."
Sealed the 10th October 1865, and dated the 21st April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Simson Buchanan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st April 1865.
I, DAVID SIMSON BUCHANAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Glass Writer and Embosser, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING LETTERS, NUMERALS, AND ORNA-
HENTAL DESIGNS ON GLASS," to be as follows:-
Letters, numerals, and ornamental designs of gold or other metallic leaf,
or of paint, secured to or formed on sheets of glass in the usual way, and
through which they are to be seen, are coated over with copal or other varnish
or other adhesive substance; they are then covered over with or protected by
letters of tin foil or other thin sheet metal cut to the desired form, and when
the varnish or other adhesive substance has "set" the edges are cleaned off.
The most suitable material to use in the applying of the tin foil or other thin

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Simson Buchanan in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
SIMSON BUCHANAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Glass Writer
and Embosser, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, tho said David Simson Buchanan, Her special license that I, the said
David Simson Buchanan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said David Simson Buchanan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING LETTERS, NUMERALS, AND ORNA-
MENTAL DESIGNS ON GLASS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said David Simson Buchanan, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Simson Buchanan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
Letters, numerals, and ornamental designs of gold or other metallic leaf, or
of paint secured to or formed on sheets of glass in the usual way, and through
which they are to be seen, are coated over with copal or other varnish or
other adhesive substance; they are then covered over with or protected by

page_text: letters of tin foil or other thin sheet metal cut to the desired form, and when
tho varnish or other adhesive substance has "set," the edges are cleaned off.
The most suitable material to use in the applying of the tin foil or other thin
sbect metal protector is wire gauze or other stiff open material which can be
seen through.
In carrying my Invention into effect the gold, silver, or other metallic
leaf, or the paint in which the letters, numerals, or ornamental designs are
to appear when looked at through the glass, that is, looked at from the side
on which the device is not attached, after being laid on, cemented to, or
formed on the glass in any ordinary manner, are coated over by a hand brush
with copal or mastic varnish. Other gum varnishes, resinous substances, and
adhesive materials might be used, but I have not found any of them to answer
so well as the copal and mastic varnishes. Before the said varnish "sets," I
place the tin foil or other metallic protector which has been previously cut to
the desired shape on a piece of wire gauze, and transfer it therefrom to its
proper place over the letter or other device to be protected. Should it be
desired to form shadow or relief lines round or at the edges of gold or other
metallic leaf letters or other devices this can be done by hand in paint, and
such paint can also be protected by varnish and tin foil or other metallic pro-
tector, the metallic protector being sufficiently large to cover the whole of the
device and shadow or relief, or to cover the latter only. In some cases the
shadow or relief lines for gold or other metallic leaf letters or devices might
be formed on the tin foil or other metallic protector; but it will be obvious
that the metallic protector would require to overlap on the shadow or relief
sides, and that the leaf letter or other design would require to be properly
formed, at least at certain parts, before the metallic protector was laid on.
As a security against the tin foil or other metallic protector being seen through
the leaf or paint I sometimes coat the said protector with paint or varnish
(on the side to be placed next the varnish) and allow it to dry before the
letters or devices are cut from or out of it. After the varnish has "set" I
take naptha or any other solvent and clean off the edges of varnish and
metal, and it may be paint, in the manner ordinarily practised by glass
writers; these edges might be removed by scraping or other means.
By protecting letters and other characters and designs, according to my
Invention, they are made to last longer and to remain clear and distinct;
they can be used on shop and office windows and doors, at railway stations
and other public places, and for all ordinary purposes of advertisement and
publicity.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularized
the method or mode of carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim is protecting letters, numerals, and ornamental
designs or devices on glass by tin foil or other thin sheet metal, substantially
as herein described and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Simson Buchanan, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
DAVID SIMSON BUCHANAN. (L.S.)
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.