MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS, ALMANACKS, Boox COVERS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL SURFACES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin George George, of Hatton Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Printer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS, ALMANACKS, Boox COVERS,
AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL SURFACES,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin George George
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st January 1800,
I, BENJAMIN GEORGE GEORGE, of Hatton Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS, ALMANACKS, BOOK
COVERS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to give at small cost a striking
and effective appearance to show cards used in shop windows, railway
stations, and other places of public resort.
To this end I introduce the use of flock such as that employed by
wall paper manufacturers for enriching the appearance of the show card

page_text: and giving it a novel appearance. Thus I print upon a tinted ground
paper the pattern of letters or ornament that I desire to produce in an
adhesive cement, and then apply flock thereto, and this I repeat as often
as desired until I produce a highly raised surface in flock; or reversing
this process I raise the ground with repeated coatings of flock, and thus
produce a sunk device of the colour of the ground paper; or I first
print a design in water colour after the manner of wall paper printers or
in the ordinary method of oil printing, and to certain parts of the design
I apply one or more layers of flock as may be required. The com-
bination of the two styles greatly enhances the beauty of the work.
Again, I make a plain or ornamental ground of flock of any desired
colour or tint, and apply thereto embossed, stamped, cast, or moulded
letters to obtain a raised device; but for a sunk device with a flock or
dull ground I cnt out the device in the dull ground and apply to the
back thereof tinted glass, or gelatine, or crinkled foil, or tiusel in the
well-known manner to obtain a lustrous device.
The above-described processes apply more or less to the production of
labels, illuminated texts, book covers of a cheap character, and other
ornamental surfaces. Book covers when formed of paper or linen
prepared with a flock surface may have an effective border produced
simply by having the ground colour show through, and the title of the
book may be printed on the flock in bronze powder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin George George in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
GEORGE GEORGE, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Benjamin George George, Her special license
that I, the said Benjamin George George, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin George, George, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the,
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, un Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS, ALMANACS, BOOK COVERS, AND OTHER
ORNAMENTAL SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Bonjanin George George, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the samo was to be performed, and.
cause the saine to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next aud immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patont.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Benjamin George George, do horeby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by tho following statement thereof, that is to say:-
"
The chief object of this Invention is to give at small cost a striking
and effective appearance to show cards used in shop windows, railway
statious, and other places of public resort. The Invention is also appli-
cable in liko manner to almanacs, book covers, and other ornamental
surfaces.
In carrying out my Invention I introduce the use of flock, especially
such as that employed by wall paper, manufacturers, for enriching the
appearance of the show card and giving it a novel aspect. For this
purpose I print upon paper in or with adhesive coment or varnish tho
pattern or design of letters. or ornninents or the device which I desire to
produce, and I then apply flock thereto, and theso operations I repeat
as often as desired until I produce a highly raised surface in flock; or
reversing this process I raise the ground with repeated coatings of flock,
and thus produce a sunken device; or I first print a design in water
colours after the manner of wall paper printers, or in the ordinary
method of oil printing, and to certain parts of the design I apply,
as above described, as many superimposed layers of flock as may be
required. The combination of the two methods greatly enhances the
beauty of the work.

page_text: Again, I make a plain or ornamental ground of flock of any desired
colour or colours or tints and apply thereto embossed, stumped, cast, or
moulded letters to obtain a raised device; but for a sunk device with a
flock ground I cut out a device in the ground and apply in the ordinary
way to the back thereof tinted glass or gelatine, or crinkled foil, or tinsel
to obtain a lustrous device.
The above-described processes apply to the production of show cards,
tablets, labels, illuminated texts, book covers of a cheap character, and
other ornamental surfaces. Book covers when formed of paper or linen
prepared as above described with a flock surface may have an effective
border produced simply by having the ground colour to show between
the flock portions, and the title of the book may be printed in the
ordinary manner on the flock in bronze powder.
I now proceed more particularly to describe the mode in which the
Invention may best be carried into practical effect.
I take a sheet or piece of paper, linen, or other fabric or material used
for being printed on for show card: or other articles above referred to
and I print thereon in or with adhesive cement or varnish a desired
device or ornament, or inscription, or letters or characters, herein-after
to avoid repetition called device only. The varnish or cement used is
such as is commonly used in printing devices for the application of flock
on paper or linen or other fabric, as above described. I then apply flock
on the device. I print the device again on the previously laid flock by
ordinary means of printing on flock, and in or with adhesive cement or
varnish, and I superimpose another layer of flock, and these operations
I repeat as often as desired until I produce a more or less elevated design
in flock.
Sometimes I print the ground, leaving the required device blank, and
I apply the repeated superimposed layers of flock on the ground, thus
obtaining a raised ground in flock, while leaving the device sunken;
or a design after the manner of wall paper printers or oil printers
may be produced, and superimposed layers of flock applied to parts
thereof, as above described.
Sometimes after producing a design or device in flock, or in part flock
and in part ordinary printing, embossed, stamped, cast, or moulded letters
or devices in plaster or other plastic or other material in which such
letters or devices can be produced are applied by the ordinary means of
attaching the same, the flock being applied in layers or superimposed,

page_text: as above described; or the device may be cut out in a ground and (the
flock being superimposed in successive layers, as described), I apply by
the ordinary means of attachment to the back of the device or the
surface in which the same is cut out tinted glass or gelatine, or crinkled
foil or tinsel. The foil or tinsel may be applied plain instead of crinkled,
so as to afford a smooth surface on which embossed, stamped, or cast
letters, characters, or devices may be mounted or attached in the
ordinary mode.
Sometimes print dovices in flock beforehand or independently of the
general design, so as to get a number of such devices, printing each
layer of flock in adhesive varnish or cement, so that I can overlay some
portions of the general device with extra layers of flock, and I thus
obtain a device of various degrees of height. The flock portions of the
device may be printed separately in large numbers and afterwards so
applied that one general device may serve for several different show
cards or ornamental surfaces.
I sometimes produce the general device as above described, and
afterwards gild or colour, or gild and colour, by hand or otherwise. This
is particularly necessary when a pure white is required, as the adhesive
varnish or cement with which the flock is fixed discolours it, and tho
flock itself is never of a pure white colour. In this case I first prepare
the flock by saturating it with a solution of gelatine to prevent the
absorption of the colour.
In treating book covers I press the same in a hydraulic press between
polished plates; this process gives great solidity and firmness to the
cover; and I may also, if needful, saturate the cover before or after this
pressure with albumen, coaguline, or other like known material for
giving firmness or consistency.
I sometimes sprinkle powdered glass or metal leaf, technically called
brocade, or metal powder, over the whole or any part of the design while
damped. This material is fixed on the design as it dries.
In respect of book covers I sometimes use for printing the title other
ordinary substances than bronze powder, such as gold leaf and other
metallic powder besido bronze, but I lay no claim to the same.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim as my
improvements in the manufacture of show cards, alınanacs, book covers,

page_text: and other ornamental surfaces, the application of flock in successively
superimposed layers, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
described, the flock so applied being combined or not with cast, stamped,
or moulded orraments, letters, or devices, as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin George George, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witnesses
ETHELBERT FORD GEORGE.
GEORGE C. KIPLING.
BEN. G. GEORGE. (L.B.)