IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPLETS OR STUDS USED IN CASTING PIPES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Chappell, of Staincross, near Barnsley,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHAPLETS OR STUDS USED IN CASTING PIPES AND OTHER HOLLOW
ARTICLES."
Sealed the 11th March 1873, and dated the 17th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Chappell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th September 1872.
I, GEORGE CHAPPELL, of Staincross, near Barnsley, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In.
PROVEMENTS IN CHAPLETS OR STUDS USED IN CASTING PIPES AND OTHER HOLLOW
ARTICLES," to be as follows :—
Heretofore chaplets or studs used in the manufacture of pipes and
other hollow castings for supporting the cores of the same have been
generally made with plain shanks or stems, but in some cases with a

page_text: =
screw thread cut or formed thereon, and the object of this screw thread
has been to allow air to escape, and to increase the adhesion of the cast
metal with the chaplet, as well as to afford a better hold in the cast
metal when rivetting, but this arrangement has not altogether been
attended with success; but according to my Invention I materially and
considerably increase their adhesion, and they are much stronger when
rivetting than those heretofore in use. I make or form a collar under
the head; under the collar I form projections or flanges and depressions,
or a single projection or flange or depression on both sides of the shank,
which latter (the shank) is made square or round, or square with the
corners rounded off; the collar aforesaid may vary in size and shape; for
example, when the collar is large it is better adapted for standing the
rivetting.
Sometimes I make the shank with conical or other shaped nicks or
notches immediately below the flange, and with or without projections
or flanges and depressions, as in the previous arrangements; again, some-
times I make the shank with a plain even surface until near the collar,
when I cause it to assume a tapered or somewhat conical form, which
prevents it being driven in when rivetting.
According to another arrangement I make the shank tapered at the
pipe core end with or without a flange, and with the side or sides bevilled
or scarfed off with projections or flanges and depressions on the sides
between the bevilled edges.
My Invention further consists in making double-headed studs or
chaplets with twisted or serpentine bars or shanks in contradistinction
to the old plan of making them with plain even shanks; the shanks
may be of any required length, and with or without nicks or impressions,
as found most desirable.
I make these chaplets or studs of any kind of metal, galvanized,
tinned, or otherwise, and apparatus made according to my Invention are
rendered stronger and steadier, and are much more effective than those
now made with a screw thread or otherwise.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Chappell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
CHAPPELL, of Staincross, near Barnsley, in the County of York, send
greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Chappell, Her special licence that
I, the said George Chappell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said George Chappell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAPLETS OR STUDS
USED IN CASTING PIPES AND OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said George Chappell, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Chappell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is
to say:-
Heretofore chaplets or studs used in the manufacture of pipes and
other hollow castings for supporting the cores of the same have been
generally made with plain shanks or stems, but in some cases with a
screw thread cut or formed thereon, and the object of this screw thread

page_text: has been to allow air to escape, and to increase the adhesion of the cast
metal with the chaplet, as well as to afford a better hold in the cast
metal when rivetting, but this arrangement has not altogether been
attended with success; but according to my Invention I materially and
considerably increase their adhesion, and they are much stronger when
rivetting than those heretofore in use. I make or form a collar under
the head; under the collar I form projections or flanges and depressions,
or a single projection, flange, or depression on both sides of the shank,
which (the shank) is made square, or round or square with the corners
rounded off; the collar may vary in size and shape; for example, when
the collar is large it is better adapted for standing the rivetting.
Sometimes I make the shank with conical or other shaped nicks or
notches immediately below the flange, and with or without projections
or flanges and depressions, as in the previous arrangements; again some-
times I make the shank with a plain even surface until near the collar,
when I cause it to assume a tapered or somewhat conical form, which
prevents it being driven in when rivetting.
According to another arrangement I make the shank tapered at the
pipe core, and with or without a flange, and with the side or sides
bevilled or scarfed off with projections or flanges and depressions on the
sides between the bevilled edges.
; Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawings
illustrate the manner in which I prefer to carry this part of my Invention
into effect. Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the
Figures.
a is the head; b, collar under same; c, c, are the projections or
flanges; d, d, are the depressions; e, e, are the shanks either round or
square, or with the corners rounded off, all as shewn; the collar 6 under
the head a makes my apparatus stronger and steadier than chaplets of
ordinary construction.
Figure 2 shews a chaplet with a square shaped shank.
Figure 3 shews another form with the collar 6 larger, and the depres-
sions d and projections c somewhat differ from the preceding; this form I
have found more suitable for standing the rivetting into the pipe cast
upon it.
Figure 4 shews another kind of chaplet with conical nick under collar,
also with impressions on same.

page_text: Figure 5 is similar to the chaplet shewn at Figure 4, conical in shape
but plain, that is, without depressions.
Figure 6 shows a chaplet where the stem is square with the corners
cut off below the collar.
Figure 7 shews still another form with nicks on a conical flattened
surface below the head.
Figure 8 represents a one-headed stud or chaplet with a square
stem having several twists; it may have nicks and projections as
well.
1
My Invention further consists in making double-headed studs or
chaplets with twisted or serpentine bars or shanks in contradistinction to
the old plan of making them with plain even shanks.
i
Figures 9 and 10 are views of two of such double-headed studs or
chaplets, which are flat and twisted, and may be made with collars,
projections, and indentations; if desired they may also be made of any
desired length to suit any particular case.
Figure 11 shews another double-headed stud, the flat stem of which
has got several twists, and which may likewise if desired be made with
collars, projections, and indentations, and of any required length.
Chaplets or studs constructed according to my Invention may be made
of any kind of metal, galvanized, tinned, or otherwise, and apparatus
made in the manner before described are rendered stronger and steadier,
and are much more effective than those now made with a screw thread
or otherwise.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am aware chaplets
or studs have been heretofore made with a screw thread cut or formed at
the upper end of the shank, therefore it must be clearly understood I
lay no claim to such studs or chaplets with a screw cut or thread, as
aforesaid; but I claim,-
"
First. The construction and employment of studs or chaplets made
with a collar under the head, and with projections, flanges, and depres-
sions or nicks, either together or separately, on one or both sides of the
shank, all substantially in manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, together with
any mere modifications thereof.

page_text: Second. The construction and employment of one-headed and double-
headed studs or chaplets with flat or square and twisted stems, and
with or without collars, projections, indentations, or nicks, all substan-
tially in manner and for the purposes herein-before described and
illustrated at Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Chappell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.