IMPROVED Apparatus FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Marcius Silber, of the Silber Light
Company, Limited, of Whitecross Street, in the City of London,
Managing Director of the said Company, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED Apparatus FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Marcius Silber
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on, the 31st. August 1874.
I, ALBERT MARCIUS SILBER, of the Silber Light Company, Limited,
of Whitecross Street, in the City of London, Managing Director of the
said Company, do hereby declare the nature of the said, Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
vian mletos to improved apparatus intended to be used for

page_text: I will first describe the modification which I intend to use for a roof
lamp.
I first construct a vessel for containing the oil or liquid to be burned,
and connect the same by an arm with a burner having an outer chamber.
The oil or liquid holder I make of a circular, cylindrical, or other form,
and connect it with the chamber herein-after described, which I call the
first chamber.
The oil holder I provide with a jacket, which is a non-conductor, so
that the oil is prevented from being affected by external heat or cold.
When necessary I counteract the effect of external cold by connecting
the case of the oil holder with the flue herein-after described by metal
rods or arms. The oil holder with the burner attached I connect with a
vessel or chamber constructed as follows, viz. :-This vessel or chamber
may be circular or of any other convenient shape, and may be made of
any material, such as metal or glass. I admit air into the upper part
of this vessel, which I call the first chamber, by means of suitable
openings. To the bottom of it I attach another or secondary chamber,
which in the case of roof lamps I make transparent. Inside the secondary
chamber I form a third or smaller inner chamber, on the bottom of
which the burner rests in such a way that the air required to support
combustion may be admitted to the burner through a hole in the said
bottom.
I will now trace the course of the air which supplies the burner. The
air enters through the openings formed in the upper part of the first
chamber. It passes on through openings made in the lower part of that
chamber into the second chamber (which forms a casing) to the third or
inner small chamber, the air filling the annular space between the
second and third chamber; thence the air passes up through the hole in
the bottom of the inner chamber, and is fed to the burner.
:
I will next trace the course taken by the heated air and products, of
combustion as they pass from the burner (over which in the case of a
roof lamp I place a reflector, which is attached to the under side of the
first chamber). In the centre of the bottom of the first chamber (and a

page_text: therefore of the reflector when one is used) is an aperture through which
the products of combustion pass upwards, and are conducted by a flue or
channel through the middle of the first chamber into a dome or cap
similar in its construction to that described in the Specification of former
Letters Patent granted to myself and Frederick White conjointly, and.
dated 1st December 1871; thence the products of combustion and heated
air escape into the open air.
In some cases two or more burners may be placed in the inner
chamber, one or more of which may be lighted at the same time. By
altering the position of the reflector, and modifying the apparatus
accordingly, lamps for ships, signals, and streets, and for other purposes
are constructed with my improvements, and it will be found that they
enable any of the ordinary oils or gases to be burned, and give a clear
and steady light superior to what can be obtained by any lamp I have
up to this time been acquainted with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
.
filed by the said Albert Marcius Silber in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALBERT
MARCIUS SILBER, of the Silber Light Company, Limited, of Whitecross
Street, in the City of London, Managing Director of the said Company,"
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Albert Marcius Silber, Her special licence
that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: •
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in 'and'
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
My Invention relates to improved apparatus intended to be used for
lighting and heating purposes.
Various modifications of my apparatus will be employed for different
objects.
I will first describe the modification which I intend to use for a roof
lamp.
I first construct a vessel for containing the oil or liquid to be burned,
and connect the same by an arm with a burner having an outer chamber.
The oil or liquid holder I make of a circular or cylindrical or other,
form and connect it with the chamber herein-after described, which I
call the first chamber or air receiving chamber. The oil holder I some-
times provide with an air jacket which is a non-conductor so that the
oil is prevented from being affected by external heat or cold. When
necessary I counteract the effect of external cold by connecting the case
of the oil holder with the flue or passage herein-after described by metal
rods or arms.
The oil holder with the burner attached I connect with
a vessel or chamber constructed as follows, viz :-This vessel or chamber
may be circular or of any other convenient shape, and may be made of
any suitable material, such as metal or glass. I admit air into the
upper part of this vessel, which I call the first or air receiving chamber,
by means of suitable openings. With it I combine another or secondary

page_text: chamber which I call the air conveying chamber, and which is used for
conveying and supplying air to a third or inner chamber which serves.
as a combustion chamber. In the case of roof lamps the walls of these
two chambers are made of glass and of nearly corresponding shape, so`
that the second chamber forms in effect a hollow casing to the inner or
combustion chamber. In other lamps the relative forms of the chambers
may be varied according to the purposes for which they are used. On
the bottom of the combustion chamber I place the burner in such a way
that all the air required to support combustion may be supplied to the
burner through a hole in the bottom of the case or wall of the chamber.”
The air after being admitted through the air supplying aperture is fed
to the flame through confined channels.
.
In the case of a circular wick I use channels such as are employed in
my improved patented burners described in the Specifications of Letters
Patent granted to me, and respectively numbered and dated 20th
December 1870, No. 3325; 28th January 1873, No. 334; 9th April 1873,
No. 1304; 14th July 1873, No. 2427.
In the case of flat wicks and when suitable in the case of round wicks
the wick holder is surrounded with a hollów casing which may be con-
veniently made of a dome shape having its lower edge resting on the
edge of the circular air supplying aperture, the joint being air-tight and
air being fed to the flame in confined streams or volumes drawn in
between the wick holder and its surrounding casing.
I will now trace the course of the air which supplies the burner.
The air enters through the openings formed in the upper part of the
first chamber, it passes on through openings made in that chamber into
the second or air conveying chamber to the third or inner chamber
serving as a combustion chamber, the air being drawn in as required to
keep up the flame in the combustion chamber and passing through the
second or air conveying chamber and up through the air supplying
aperture formed in the bottom of the inner chamber, and then is fed to
the burner as above described.
I will next trace the course taken by the heated air and products of
combustion as they pass from the burner (over which in the case of a
roof lamp I place a reflector which is attached to the under side of the
first chamber.) In the centre of the bottom of the first or air receiving.

page_text: chamber (and also in the centre of the reflector when one is used) is an
aperture through which the products of combustion pass upwards, and
are conducted by a flue or channel through the middle of the first
chamber into a dome or cap similar in its construction to that described
in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to myself and
Frederick White conjointly, and dated 1st December 1871, and
numbered 3254, thence the products of combustion and heated air

page_text: chambers C, are held in place by resting on a lip or flange b, which is
part of and formed with the partition B*.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the chambers a* and B, shewing
the guides B for properly centreing and steadying the second casing or
chamber B; one of these guides is also seen in the section, Figure 2.
The lip or flange at the bottom of B forms a rest or seat for the
reflector D which carries a chimney or funnel E, which sometimes forms
part of the reflector D. F is the oil service supply pipe, and G a tubular
or other support. These pipes or supports are united to the oil tank H
which is supported partly as above described, but principally by lugs h
or other connections from the wind guard B³ surrounding the top of the
chamber B; B' is a second wind guard; B³ is an ordinary curved flange
or rest for supporting the lamp on the roof of a railway carriage. I is the
burner shewn also in vertical and horizontal sections, Figures 4 and 5.
The shield or cover of the burner fits over a flanged opening c³, in the
bottom of the inner glass c³. Air holes are provided as follows, namely,
in or through the air supplying chamber A under the wind guard B,
also in or through the partition B* near the bottom thereof, also in or
through the inner or air receiving chamber B both near the top and
bottom thereof, and also in or through the sides of the dome or cover T
underneath the wind guard A*. The directions of the currents of the
air and gases are shewn by arrows.
Figure 6 is a vertical view partially in section, of outer casing a* and
glass a², resting on a flange at the bottom of a* and held in place by a
wire ring c*.
Figure 7 is a fragmentary vertical view partly in section, and Figure 8
an external elevation of the air receiving chamber B and glass c², the
latter being held up against the flange at bottom of the chamber B by the
annular flanged clip c* screwed up towards the bottom of the guides 6%.
The guides are in this instance disposed externally upon the air
receiving chamber B, as shewn in the horizontal section Figure 9,
instead of as before internally upon or within the casing or chamber a*.
This flange disposed about mid-height upon the chamber, replaces the
external flange at bottom of the partition B* (in Figure 1); but in this
instance the flange is not connected with the chamber B. In Figure 8
two lugs & are shewn projecting from the chamber B for supporting it

page_text: upon the outer casing a*. They rest on seats prepared for them by an
adaptation of the outer chamber and wind guard, as explained and
shewn at a³ in the sectional view, Figure 10.
Figure 11 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of a railway
carriage roof gas lamp.
The description already furnished of the oil lamp applies generally to
the gas lamp, but the oil tank is of course dispensed with and a service
gas pipe F is used; and the inner glass c² is shewn as fixed to its
case B in the manner shewn in the enlarged view, Figure 14. The
glass c³ is held in place by holding pieces or clips c¹ and c¹, as shewn.
The burner which I find may be most advantageously used is formed
with gas passages arranged with internal and external air passages,
substantially as in the burners shewn and described in the Specifications
of my previous Patents, respectively numbered and dated No. 3325,
dated 20th December 1870; No. 334, dated 28th January 1873; No.
1304, dated 9th April 1873; No. 2427, dated 14th July 1873, and
represented in the Drawings accompanying the same.
In this arrange-
ment the burner is surrounded by a cover or casing I, which is in
a piece with the gas supply pipe F which feeds the burner, and there-
fore forms part of the lamp, being connected with the gas service pipe
by a flexible coupling or joint 22. This casing has an opening at top-
for the passage of the flame. A space, freely providing for the access
and circulation of air is left at t within the case I below the burner.
Figure 15 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of another modi-
fication of my improvements constituting an oil lamp intended more
especially for saloon use or suspension.
Figures 16 and 17 fragmentary plan views of M and N. In this
lamp the air which enters at X, X, is received in the upper compartment
and passes through the air supplying chamber and up through the air
supplying aperture 2, where it is fed to the flame; B is the outer casing
and frame, with outer glass O* affixed thereto by clip ring and solder;
M is a horizontal annular strongly ribbed metal plate loosely resting on
the above mentioned clip ring and frame, and having soldered thereto
on its under side the clipping which holds the inner glass c*. The oil
tank H and burner I are connected with the service pipe F and dummy

page_text: pipe G from a horizontal annular ribbed metal plate N loosely resting
on the plate M. A portion of the plate N is seen in plan; Figure 17.
In Figure 15 P is a glass chimney (with metal rim at base) loosely.
resting on and supported by the plate N%; Q is an opal or semi-
diaphanous glass shade loosely resting on and supported by the oil tank,
which is flanged or lipped to receive it. Over the shade is a metal bell or
dome forming a smoke consumer or condenser R. It is suspended from
a cross bar T attached to a frame U; S*, T*, are ordinary suspending
or pivoting arrangements. A screw is provided to allow for the easy
removal of this dome, as may be desired.
>
The feathered arrows denote the currents of air, and the plain arrows
denote the currents of the products of combustion.
:
Figure 18 is an elevation; Figure 19, vertical section; and Figure 20
a plan, of a burner for flat wicks, in which the oil supply pipe F which
conveys oil to the burner is fitted in the body of the lamp, though
detachable therefrom, as in the case of the burner, Figure 13, and is in
a piece with the case or cover I which surrounds the wick holder o. The
wick holder is moved in and out of the case surrounding the burner i. e.
in and out of the oil well or cup H by means of arms t*. The upper
part of the cover I is a removeable cap q slotted at top for the passage of
the flame. An air space t, as in Figure 14, is left in the casing I under
the oil well or tank H and wick holder o. Sometimes the cap is not
removeable, and the whole outer shell is in one piece.
Heating apparatus with similar combinations of air receiving and
supplying chambers or compartments, from which air is fed through an
aperture to a burner, or a fire-place or furnace, placed in a combustion
chamber which can only receive air through the air supplying aperture,
may be constructed according to my Invention.
It is obvious that various kinds of burners may be used, and may be
arranged in the form of a stove or other heating instrument or furnace,
and the modifications may be so disposed that burning gases or oils may
be burned therein, or peat, coal, or other solid combustible substance
may be used as fuel.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,
the arrangement and combination of parts constituting respectively my.

page_text: improved lighting and heating apparatus, constructed substantially as
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings
in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, on Sheet 1; also in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, on
Sheet 2; also in Figures 11 and 14 on Sheet 2; also in Figures 15, 16,
17, on Sheet 3; and in Figures 18, 19, 20, on Sheet 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Marcius Silber, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-sixth day of February,
in the year One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
E. DE PASS,
Patent Office,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
L