IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS FOR Looms
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS FOR
Looms." A communication from abroad by Alfred Brayman Corey,
of Providence, State of Rhode Island, United States of America.
Sealed the 31st May 1870, and dated the 14th December 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 14th December 1869.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS FOR LOOMS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a loom harness that while
free from a multiplicity of knots shall be strong, durable, and secure as
regards the retention of the eye of the heddle at its full length or stretch,
that is free from twist, well spread, and obviates alike cutting of the eye
by the warp thread and injury to the latter.

page_text: In carrying out this Invention an upper and lower twine are used
with the loop to produce the eye of the heddle formed in one of the
twines, and the other twine made to encompass the eye at one of its
ends, but in a different and more perfect manner than has heretofore
been done.
The Invention consists in making loom harness of two twines, either
twine being wound so as to form one and a half coils about the loop of
the other at the one end of the eye; and the Invention further consists
in combination with such a construction at the one end of the eye
forming but a single hitch or knot at the opposite end thereof. The
improved harness is made of two twines, the eye being formed by
doubling the upper twine, leaving a loop to form the eye, and knotting
with either a single or double knot, hitch, or bite, and tying the halves
of it together. Instead however of carrying the lower twine but once
through the eye so that such twine but partially encompasses the lower
parts of the eye, as is ordinarily the case, it is caused to wholly en-
compass the lower part of the eye, that is, it is passed through the eye
and next wound in a single coil entirely around the other twine or lower
part of the eye, and then passed through the eye a second time. When
the harness so made is varnished the coil of the lower twine or half of
the harness will be securely fixed to the eye, and being coiled around
the loop twine in the above manner will be prevented from slipping up
in the loop or eye, and will allow the warp-yarn or thread (when
the harness is in use) to come into contact with and wear the bottom
of the eye or loop, as is frequently the case with ordinary harness. It
will be obvious that the lower twine may be looped and the upper be
wound one coil and a half about the lower twine at the vertex of the
loop, thereby producing a like tie or connection of the twines.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special licence
that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS. FOR Looms," being a communication to mo
from abroad by Alfrey Brayman Corey, of Providence, State of Rhode
Island, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Edward Newton, ny exccutors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and scals, should. particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Pateut
Office within six calendar mouths. next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do.hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed,, to be particularly. described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and. to. the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
The object of this Invention. is to construct harness for looms which
while free from a multiplicity of knots shall be strong, durable, and
secure as regards the retention of the eye of the heddle at its full length
or stretch and free from twist. The eye will also be kept open so as to
obviate alike the cutting of the eye by the warp thread and injury to
the latter.
In carrying out the Invention an upper and lower twine as in other
well-known forms of harness are used, and the loop to produce the eye
of the heddle is formed in one of the twines, and the other twine is made

page_text: to encompass the eye at one of its ends, but in a different and more
perfect manner than has heretofore been done.
The Invention consists in making the harness of two twines, either
twine being wound so as to form one and a half coils about the loop of
the other at the one end of the eye. The Invention further consists (in
combination with such a construction at the one end of the eye) in
forming but a single hitch or knot at the opposite end thereof.
In the accompanying Drawing Figures 1 and 2 represent front views
of the eyes of loom harness as ordinarily formed of twine; Figures 3
and 4 are similar views of two modifications, or modes of constructing
the eyes, and tying and running the twines to form them in accordance
with this Invention; and Fig. 5. is a sectional view taken at right angles.
to Figures 3 and 4 through the lower portion of the eye in illustration of
the union of the twines at the lower part of the eye, as exhibited in
Figures 3 and 4.
In Fig. 1 the harness cye A is formed of two separate twines a, b,
knotted together at the top and bottom of the eye, as shewn at c, d. In
Fig. 2 the eye A is formed of a single twine 6 doubled at its middle, and
having its parts or halves knotted together at the upper part of the eye,
as shewn at e, the other or lower twine a of the harness being simply
passed through the eye so as to go half round its lower part. Both of
these ordinary modes of constructing loom harness are defective.
The improved harness represented in Figures 3 and 5 is made of two.
twines B, C, the eye A¹ being formed by doubling the upper twine B,
leaving a loop to form the eye, and knotting and tying the halves of it
together with either a single or double knot, hitch, or bight, as shewn
at f, the whole being like the method adopted in making the eye A,
shewn in Fig. 2. Instead however of carrying the lower twine C but
ance through the eye, as in Fig. 2, so that such twine O may but
partially encompass the lower parts of the eye, as is ordinarily the case,
it is caused to wholly encompass the lower part of the eye, that is, it is
passed through the eye, and next wound in a single coil entirely around
the other twine or lower part of the eye, and then passed through the
eye a second time, the whole being as shown in Fig. 3 and also in Fig. 5,
which represents the twine C as wound one and a half times about the
lower part B' of the twine B. When the harness so made is varnished
the coil g of the lower twine will be securely fixed to the eye A'. By

page_text: this improvement the twine C will be carried through the eye A¹ twice
with one coil and one half of a coil about the twine B of the
eye A¹
In thus being coiled around the loop twine in the above-described
manner the twine C will be prevented from slipping up in the loop or
eye, which causes the warp, yarn, or thread (when the harness is in use)
to come into contact with and wear the bottom of the eye or loop.
It is desirable to avoid as far as possible knots in a harness, as the
more of them there may be the greater will be the danger of injury to
the warps; hence and for other reasons the construction represented in
Fig. 1 is very defective.
The eye of the harness section shewn in Fig. 3 (like that shewn in
Fig. 2) is knotted at but one end of the cyc, therefore it possesses the
advantages of that shewn in Fig. 2 relatively to the harness shewn in
Fig. 1, which has knots at both ends of the eye.
Instead of simply looping the upper twine B and winding the lower
one C one coil and a half of a coil about the vertex of the loop of the
upper twine the lower twine may be simply looped, and the upper twine
wound one coil and a half about the lower twine at the vertex of the
loop, thereby producing a like tie or connection of the twines. Such
improvement causes the harness to have other advantages, that is to say,
it spreads the lower part of the eye better and forms a rest or saddle to
keep the warp thread in the middle of the eye while such warp thread
may be in the act of being raised by the eye. It also causes the eye to
stand so that its plane shall be nearer at right angles with the warp
thread than do either of the harnesses represented in Figures 1 and 2.
In Fig. 4 of the annexed Drawing, in which like letters refer to
corresponding parts, the harness is also made with the one twine wound
so as to form one and a half coils about the loop of the other at the
lower part of the eyes, but with only a single knot, hitch, or bite f¹ at the
upper part of the eye A' instead of two knots at such part, as shewn in
Fig. 3. This single knot f¹ at the one end of the eye combined with the
one and a half coil g at the other end thereof keeps the eye A¹ perfectly
straight or free from twist above as well as below, and effectually
provides against cutting of the eye and injury to the warp.
Such improved harness may be woven by machinery similar in its
general construction to that in use for weaving other harness, subject
to such changes in the relative action or motion of the bobbins and

page_text: appertaining parts as may be necessary to produce the altered ties and
coil of the twines..
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to
me as aforesaid, and having explained the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as
aforesaid,-
First. The improved loom harness herein shewn and described in
reference to Figures 3 and 5 as made with either twine wound to make
one coil and a half of a coil about the loop of the other at the one end
of the eye.
Second. The improved harness formed with a single hitch or knot f¹
at the one end of the cyc, and with the one twine wound with one coil
and a half of a coil about the loop of the other at the opposite end of the
cye, as described with reference to Figures 4 and 5..
In witness whercof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.