IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND MAKING UP PRINTED PAPER INTO THE FORM OF PAMPHLETS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Conquest, of Tudor Street, in the City of
London, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND MAKING UP PRINTED PAPER
INTO THE FORM OF PAMPHLETS." A communication from abroad by Stephen
Davis Tucker, of New York, in the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Conquest at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1877.
WILLIAM CONQUEST, of Tudor Street, in the City of London, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND
MAKING UP PRINTED PAPER INTO THE FORM OF PAMPHETS." [A communication
from abroad by Stephen Davis Tucker, of New York, in the United States of
America.]
This Invention relates to various improvements upon Inventions for which I
have already obtained Letters Patent, dated respectively September 4th 1875,
No. 3105, July 26th 1876, No. 3019, and November 30th 1876, No. 4645.
The first improvement relates to the use of a moveable and a fixed stop to the
cross folding rollers. The printed sheets when folded once are of course reduced in
size, and there is therefore a considerable space left between them. The first folded
sheet is therefore carried forward at a reduced speed to the fixed stop at the end of
the folding roller, while the second folded sheet is carried forward at a faster
speed, so as to catch up the first and reach its stop at the same time as the first
sheet reaches the further stop. The stop for the second sheet is movable so as to
be removed out of the road of the first sheet, and when this latter has passed the
movable stop is lifted up by a cam in time to arrest the second folded sheet. The
two sheets are then carried forward into the nip of the folding rollers for the second
fold simultaneously, and are thus folded at one and the same operation. Two pairs
of folding rollers are or may be employed, and the sheets with the first fold are

page_text: directed alternately into inclined passages (as in the Patent of 1875), and are
conducted to the folding rollers for the second fold.
Instead of folding four-page sheets and eight-page sheets, composed of two four-
page sheets, by means of a combined collecting and folding cylinder, as in my
former Patent of 1876, there may be a separate collecting cylinder and a separate
folding cylinder operating in connection with each other, and of a size suitable
for a four-page sheet; for folding eight-page sheets an inside and an outside sheet
are by reason of the position of the pages on the type cylinder alternately received
on the collecting cylinder as heretofore described, and by the action of the switch are
discharged together to the folding cylinder which will cause them to enter together
into the nip of the folding rollers. This cylinder will now make an intervening idle
revolution, and will then receive and fold two more sheets together as before.
For folding four-page sheets singly the switch of the collecting cylinder will
remain stationary, and each sheet as it is received is guided direct to the folding
cylinder, which will fold the sheets singly into the nip of the folding rollers.
The sheets from the printing machine may be conveyed direct to the collecting
cylinder in the same manner as they are to the folding cylinder, that is, without the
intervention of deflecting rollers, for the only object of these rollers is to bring the
tapes sooner in contact with the collecting cylinder, so that the distance the leading
edge of the sheets on the cylinder will travel unsupported by tapes may be as short
as possible.
The collecting cylinder may also be furnished with fingers to carry around the
leading edge of the sheets, the same as the folding cylinder, and when these two
cylinders work in connection with each other as just described, they may be placed so
close together that the sheets at the proper time, and one or more at a time, can be
transferred direct from the fingers of one cylinder to those of the other, and this
latter cylinder may be a folding cylinder, or it may be simply a delivering cylinder
that will deliver the sheets to be flown by a sheet flyer or for any other purpose
desired.
If on account of the smallness of the sheet or for any other reason it be desired
to have the separate folding cylinder of, say double size for the sheet it is to fold,
then it must have two folding blades and two sets of fingers at points on its circuin-
ference opposite to each other. Then when folding eight-page sheets composed of
two four-page sheets brought together they will always be folded by the same blade,
the opposite one running idle or being inoperative. If the cylinder be made of
treble or quadruple size it must have three or four folding blades and sets of fingers,
and every second one will receive a pair of collected sheets which the blade will
cause to enter into the nip of the folding rollers. The flying cam may be arranged
to operate each second folding blade as it passes as heretofore described, or it may
operate them all, the alternate ones working uselessly. But when four-page sheets
are folded singly, then whatever size the cylinder may be each blade will in
succession receive and fold its sheet.
In like manner if it be desired to have the separate collecting cylinder of larger
size then when used to collect, say two four-page sheets one upon the other to form
an eight-page sheet, its circumference must be large enough to take on singiy three,
five, or any other uneven number of sheets, for by reason of the manner in which
the pages are placed on the type cylinders, an inside and outside sheet always come
alternately, and an outside sheet will thus always be collected upon an inside one.
The switch is then arranged to discharge every second or complete pairs of sheets,
for every second sheet is an outside one, and has an inside one beneath it, the
alternate sheets that are missed being at that time single inside ones that at their
next revolution will receive an outside sheet on top of them, and then be discharged
also. The sheets (as thus discharged) may be conducted to a folding device or
disposed of in any other manner.
To discharge the four-page sheets singly from this enlarged cylinder the switch
will remain stationary, so that cach sheet as it is received will be directed off. Also
if it be desired to have the combined collecting and folding cylinder of larger size,

page_text: then, if it is intended to collect and fold eight-page sheets composed of two four-
page sheets, the circumference of the cylinder must be large enough to hold singly
three, five, or any other uneven number of sheets, for as an inside and outside sheet
always come alternately, an outside sheet will thus always be collected upon an
inside one as heretofore described. The cylinder must also have three, five, or the
corresponding number of folding blades and sets of fingers, and these may all be
operated by one folding and one finger cam, but the folding and finger cams must
be arranged to operate only as every second folding blade passes, as has been hereto-
fore described. For every second sheet is an outside one, and has an inside sheet
beneath it, and it is their folding blade that (as it passes) is operated by the cam
and thus folds the complete pair of sheets into the nip of the folding rollers. The
alternate sheets that are missed are at that time inside sheets tliat at their next
revolution will receive an outside sheet on top of them, and will then be folded
also.
For folding four-page sheets singly the folding and finger cams are arranged to
operate as each folding blade passes, so that each sheet as received is directed in the
nip of the folding rollers.
It is evident that the preceding collecting and folding mechanism need not be
confined to collecting and folding two sheets only, but that three or more sheets
may be thus collected and folded together, forming newspapers or periodicals of
twelve, sixteen, or more pages.
A collecting cylinder may deliver its sheets either to a sheet flyer or to a folding
cylinder as may be desired by means of two switches conveniently placed, both of
which can be thrown in and out of operation as required. One of the switches
when in operation will deliver one, two, or more sheets together to a folding
cylinder, and the other one in a similar manner will deliver five, six, or any desired
number to a sheet flyer. In place of a switch a delivering cylinder furnished with
fingers, the same as is now used in some styles of printing machines, may be applied
to a collecting cylinder, either with or without fingers to receive its sheets, when
the proper number is collected, and deliver them, say, to a sheet flyer. A finger cam
moved in and out of range at the proper time will cause the fingers to duly seize
and release the sheets.
Instead of using a collecting cylinder to bring two or more sheets together to
present them to a folding cylinder, they may be collected by making the first sheet
travel a greater distance than the second, and the first and second a greater distance
than the third, so that they will all meet together as described in English Letters
Patent No. 2561, granted W. E. Newton, August 28th 1872.
In fast running machines it is often desirable to separate the partially folded
sheets into two different channels, and this can be accomplished by putting two
pairs of folding rollers to the same folding cylinder as described in English Letters
Patent. No. 3105, granted to me September 4th 1875. Each pair has its folding
cams, but these are arranged to operate alternately one at each revolution of the
cylinder, which thus delivers a sheet, or it may be a pair of them to each pair of
folding rollers alternately The fingers must be arranged to release their sheets at
the proper time. If the cylinder be made large enough it may have three or more
pairs of folding rollers, also two or more folding blades and sets of fingers.
When the severance of the partially cut sheets from the web is completed by the
sheets being caught in the nip of faster running conductors, the distance between
the delivery cylinder and the nipping device must be governed by the dimensions
of the sheet in the direction of its travel. But it is sometimes very necessary to
be able to cut and separate full size and half size sheets in the same machine, as for
instance eight-page and four-page sheets. This can be effected by bringing into
operation an additional knife in the cutting cylinder, and interposing a nipping
roller or other equivalent device about half way between the delivering rollers and
the nipping device first mentioned.
For collecting and delivering the above full size and half size sheets the collecting
cylinder may be furnished with a discharging switch in the usual manner.
For

page_text: collecting and discharging, say, six full size sheets the switch cam is made to actuate
the switch at every sixth revolution of the collecting cylinder. For collecting
and discharging six half size sheets the above switch cam is replaced by one that
will actuate the switch twice during six revolutions, that is, alternately every three
and one-half and two and one-half revolutions. This difference of one-half a
revolution over and under three, the average will cause the switch to strike
alternately into the space between the half sheets at opposite sides of the cylinder,
the object being to discharge the sheets in parcels of six with an interval between
them.
If it be desired to discharge the half size sheets in parcels of any uneven number,
say, five or seven, then the can must actuate the switch every two and one-half or
three and one-half revolutions (as the case may be) of the cylinder.
Instead of the above arrangement the collecting cylinder may be provided with
two discharging switches placed at convenient points around it and susceptible of
being thrown out of action.
For discharging full size sheets only one switch need be used, but for discharging
the half size sheets both switches will be used, each discharging from its own half of
the cylinder.
The above described method of cutting both full size and half size sheets from the
web by means of an additional cutting knife and intermediate nipping rollers can be
used in connection with a folding cylinder. The full size sheets will be received and
'folded as heretofore described, but for folding the half size sheets the folding
cylinder will be replaced by one of the same size, but having two folding blades
and sets of fingers, as already described in the case of the folding cylinder of double
size, and each blade of which will fold a half size sheet. Fingers however may be
made removable from and adjustable in position upon the periphery of this folding
cylinder. Then when full size sheets are folded one folding blade only is operated
and one set of fingers is placed in proper position to it, but when half size sheets
are to be folded both blades are brought into operation, and two sets of fingers are
placed in position to correspond. Tapes or other conductors may be used to convey
the sheets to the folding rollers in place of the fingers, and in that case the two
blades may be mounted on a revolving carrier, one blade only operating to fold
full size sheets, but both blades being in action to fold the half size sheets.
A brush is attached across the carrier just in advance of the folding blades, which
will sweep against the folding rollers and thus straighten and smooth out the paper
an instant before it is folded.
By either of the above arrangements of the folding mechanisms when used in
connection with the additional cutting knife and intermediate nipping rollers, eight-
page sheets, in which the four pages on each side of the sheet are all in a line in the
direction of its travel, ean be folded, as also the two four-page shects resulting from
this sheet being cut in two transversely. The eight-page slicets in this case being
pasted, if desired, and perforated and folded in the centre of their length, may be
again folded in the same direction by a second cylinder, or they may be returned to
a second pair of folding rollers co-operating with this same cylinder, as described in
English Letters Patent, No. 3105, September 4th 1875.
If two folding cylinders be placed at such a distance apart that the front edge of
the sheet will be caught by the second one an instant before it is released by the
first, then the second cylinder inay run much slower than the first one, say, at one-
half the speed, and as the sheet by being folded is reduced one-half in size in the
direction of its travel, so the second folding cylinder may be of only one-half the
size of the first one; or the two cylinders may be of the same size the second one, still
running at only one-half the speed of the first, but furnished with two folding
blades; either plan will fold the sheets as fast as they are received.
The web of paper may be cut into eight-page sheets, and these sheets may be
folded as heretofore explained, or by the use of the additional cutter in the cutting
cylinder already mentioned, the web may be cut into half or four-page sheets, which
by means of a swinging frame carrying two-half length sets of tapes may be delivered

page_text: to a collecting cylinder and then piled flat. Vice versa, the web may be cut into
eight-page sheets, which may be conveyed to a collecting device and piled flat, or
by an additional cutter the web may be cut into half sheets, and these by means of
the swinging frame and half length tapes may be conducted to a folding device
and be folded.
Sheets may be perforated across their margins by perforations in the cutting
cylinder, or by serrated folding blades, or in any other convenient manner, and then
when folded on the line of perforations the leaves can easily be separated by
hand.
To cause the folding blade to operate at every revolution of its cylinder the flying
cam will run turn-for-turn, with the cylinder. To make it operate at every alternate
revolution of the cylinder the wheels for driving the flying cam may be changed,
so that the flying cam will make one and one-half turns to one of the cylinder.
The same result may be obtained by changing the driving gearing, so that the
cam will only make one revolution to two revolutions of the cylinder.
Other changes of the times of operating the folding blade may be made by
changing the gearing to different proportions.
Another method of changing the time of the folding blade is to make the cam
driving wheel wider than the cam wheel, so that when in its working position the
flying cam will project a certain distance inwards beyond the side of the driver."
As soon as the folding blade has been operated and passed by the flying cam, this
latter with its wheel will be atomatically drawn back on its stud, so that by the
time the folding blade again approaches the flying cam will be drawn back out of
the reach of its action and the blade will pass by unoperated upon. During the
next revolution of the cylinder the flying cam may be advanced to its working
position, or it may be kept back while the cylinder makes two or more revolutions,
and then it may be advanced. Thus the folding blade can be made to operate at
each first, second, third, or any desired number of revolutions of the cylinder.
As heretofore mentioned a folding cylinder is sometimes furnished with two
folding blades. To operate these successively, the flying cam inay make two
revolutions to one of the cylinder, thus operating each blade as it passes. Or the
cam wheel may run turn-for-turn with the cylinder and have two flying cams on it
at opposite points of its circumference, each of which will operate a blade as it passes.
To operate alternate blades oue of these flying cams may be removed; or the flying
cam may make a revolution for every blade that passes, and be vibrated in and out
of the reach of each alternate blade as before described. This last arrangement is
also applicable to folding cylinders carrying three or more blades, as it will operate
each first, second, third, or any desired blade.
Instead of the flying cam making completo revolutions as above described, it
may in certain cases, as when operating each folding blade as it passes, simply
vibrate its point back and forth over the recess in the female folding cam by means
of a suitable cam attached to the folding cylinder shaft or elsewhere, while the
folding blade is passing, the point of the cam will move over the female cam in the
same direction as if driven by gearing, and in the interval between the passages of
the folding blade or blades it will resume its normal position in readiness to be
again operated on the next passing blade. In this manner a cylinder having any
desired number of folding blades in it can be successfully operated.
To throw the folding blade or blades out of action in a folding cylinder, when for
instance it is to be used as a collecting cylinder to fly the sheets, the wheel on the
cylinder shaft that drives the folding cam may be slidden on its shaft out of gear of the
folding cam wheel. A guard rim on each wheel (cut away at a certain place) will allow
them to be moved out and in gear at that place and at no other. A stop pin
inserted through the framework into a hole in the cam wheel will prevent its
turning when out of action.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Conquest in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
November 1877.
WILLIAM CONQUEST, of Tudor Street, in the City of London, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND
MAKING UP PRINTED PAPER INTO THE FORM OF PAMPHLETS." A communi-
cation from abroad by Stephen Davis Tucker, of New York, in the United States
of America.
This Invention relates to various improvements upon Inventions for which I
have already obtained Letters Patent, dated respectively September 4th 1875,
No. 3105, July 25th 1876, No. 3019, and November 30th 1876, No. 4645.
The several modifications of folding mechanism, which form the subject of the
present Invention, are intended to be connected with a printing machine, their
operation being to receive the sheets and dispose of the same as rapidly as they
are printed and given off from the printing machine, and to automatically deliver
them either in a flat or in a folded condition, as may be desired. They are, however,
especially adapted for operation in connection with a "web perfecting” printing
machine, being so organized as to be capable of great rapidity in their operation,
thus having a capacity equal to that class of printing inachines which produce
many thousand sheets per hour.
The mechanism in all these modifications consists principally of a cylinder or
carrier for gathering or accumulating the sheets thereon, and auxiliary devices for
directing the streets thereon, and delivering the same in a single body therefrom,
which cylinder or carrier may also operate to receive and deliver sheets singly, as
.will be hereafter explained.
The mechanism for folding the sheets consists principally of a rotating cylinder
or carrier, which supports one or more rotary folders, and has auxiliary means for
conveying the sheets between said rotary folders and co-operating devices, and for
actuating the rotary folders. Both of these mechanisms may, however, be of
different constructions, as will herein-after appear.
One of the improvements relates to the use of a novel construction of movable
stops in conjunction with a fixed stop, which is adapted to the cross folding rollers.
The printed sheets when folded once are of course reduced in size, and there is,
therefore, a considerable space left between them. The first folded sheet is therefore
carried forward at a reduced speed to the fixed stop at the end of the folding
roller, while the second folded sheet is carried forward at a faster speed, so as to
catch up the first, and reach its stop at the same time as the first sheet reaches the
further stop. The stop for the second sheet is movable, so as to be removed out of
the road of the first sheet, and when this latter had passed the movable stop is
rocked by a cam in time to arrest the second folded sheet. The two slicets are then
carried forward simultaneously into the nip of the folding roller for the second fold,
and are thus both folded at one and the same operation. Two pairs of folding
rollers are or may be employed, and the sheets with the first fold are directed
alternately into inclined passages (as described in the Specification of the Patent
of 1875), and are conducted to the folding rollers for the second fold.
In Sheets I. and II. of the accompanying Drawings I have shown the mode of
carrying out this part of the Invention.
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the movable and fixed stops, and the cross folding
mechanism with which they are to be used in connection with a folding cylinder
provided with fingers and folding blade; and,-
Fig. 2, Sheet II., shews a side elevation of a web printing and folding
machine with the fixed and movable stops applied. thereto. In this machine
a collecting and folding cylinder is shewn, the folding cylinder being twice the
diameter of the collecting cylinder, and it is provided with two finger and folding
mechanisms, as herein-after more particularly described.

page_text: Referring to the diagram, Fig. 1, Sheet I., and to the cross folding mechanism
represented at the right-hand side of Fig. 2, Sheet II. (where like parts are marked
with the same figures of reference), it will be understood that the sheets of printed
paper, after receiving one or more folds at right angles to the line of travel by
means of one or more folding cylinders B, in the manner described in my former
Patent, No. 3019, 26th July 1876, will, on emerging from the folding rollers b, b,
be directed by the switch into either one of two inclined passages d' and d
These passages lead the sheets to pairs of rollers e, e, et, e¹, and tapes cand e³,
travelling at nearly half the speed of the folding cylinder B; and these tapes
receive and convey the sheets to folding devices which impart to them a fold at
right angles to the one just given.
When folding four-page sheets (as soon as the first sheet is caught by the
receiving or slow moving tapes) its speed is reduced nearly one-half, while the
second one is moving at full speed, and consequently by the time its leading edge
has reached the receiving tapes it has nearly overtaken the first one, and both
sheets now travel at the same speed at a slight distance apart until they reach
their respective stops, when the vibrating folding blade e strikes and forces them
as they lie side by side simultaneously into the nip of the folding device or rollers f.
The amount of space between the two sheets depends upon how much the second
sheet has gained on the first one, and this is governed by the respective speeds of
the delivering folding rollers b, b, and the receiving tapes e, e. The stop for the
first sheet may be a stationary one as C, but the stop for the second sheet must be
a movable but, as D, so that by means of a cam operating a rocking arm keyed
upon the shaft E the stops D will be rocked and carried below the path of tho
first sheet as it passes, but the stop D will turn up quickly into the space behind the
sheet, so as to be in position to arrest the second sheet. The next two sheets will,
by the action of the switch d, enter the other passage, and be conveyed to and
folded in another folding device in a manner similar to that just described.
When folding eight-page sheets the sheets enter the two passages alternately,
the same as the pairs of four-page sheets, and of which in fact the eight-page sheets
are formed. These are caught by the receiving tapes, and may be arrested at
either the first or second stop, and cross folded the same as the four-page sheets.
It will be seen, from the foregoing, that the action of the switch and cross
folding blade, and the number of the strokes, are precisely the same, whether
folding four or eight-page sheets. This cross folding may, however, be done by a
revolving or a reciprocating blade, and any number of additional folds may be given
to the sheets.
In Fig. 2 the movable stop D is rocked on its centre, and is operated by the cam
F acting upon the lever which is connected to the rocking arm of the rock
shaft E by the strap f, so as to rock the shaft E, and cause the movable stop D
to turn up quickly. As the first sheet strikes the stop C the second will strike the
stop D, and the vibrating blade e will cause the two sheets to enter simultaneously
between the folding rollers. The cam F will then liberate the stop, and a coiled
spring (not shown in the Drawing) on the shaft E will cause the stop D to turn
back, so that the next coming sheet may pass over it to the stop C, as before.
The upper and lower folding devices, and their stops, are duplicates of each
other.
Instead of folding four-page sheets and eight-page sheets, composed of two-pago
sheets by means of a combined collecting and folding cylinder, as in my former
Patent (of 30th November 1876, No. 4645), there may be a separate separate
collecting cylinder, and a separate folding cylinder operating in connection with
cach other, and of a size suitable for a four-page sheet.
In Sheet II. I have shewn at Figs. 2a and 2b another arrangement of mechanism
for working the rocking stop D, the principal object being to shorten this stop, in
order to give it a greater rigidity and prevent it from vibrating when struck by
the folded sheet. In this instance a short lever is keyed on to the rocking shaft E,
and to its lower end is jointed a long connecting rod ƒ³, which carries at its other

page_text: end a stud fs, which bears against a cam F mounted on the switch shaft G. The
stud is caused by the spring, at the other end of the connecting rod, to bear
against the periphery of the cam F, so that when the smaller diameter of this cam
comes round to the stud the spring f* will force back the rod f and the arm on
the rocking shaft E, and will cause the stop D to turn up into the position shewn
at Fig. 2b, and will therefore be in the road of the advancing folded sheet.
When the two sheets have been disposed of, and it is desired to bring another
sheet forward to the stop C, the oscillating stop D is turned down into the position
'shewn at Fig. 2a by the larger diameter of the cam C forcing back the rod f, and
the lever on the rocking shaft. This arrangement of mechanism ensures the
greatest accuracy and precision in the action of the oscillating or rocking stop,
which is a point of great importance.
Instead of causing the stop C to rock to and fro on its centre of motion it may
be made to perform a semi or complete revolution on its axis, care being taken
that the driving gear be so timed as to bring the stop into place at the proper
moment.
In Sheets III., IV., and V., Figs. 3 to 10, and 20 to 22ª, shew in diagram views
different principles of construction and arrangement of the separate cylinders used in
collecting the sheets and folding the same, which will be herein-after fully described
and shewn in a more complete form, with all the necessary mechanism, and also the
delivering of sheets at one or more points, to flyers or to folding apparatus to be
folded either separately or in any required number of sheets. Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet III,,
shew in sectional view arrangements of mechanism in which the separate collecting
cylinder A, and the separate folding cylinder B, operate in connection with each
other, and are of a size suitable for a four-page sheet. For folding eight-page
sheets an inside and an outside sheet are, by reason of the position of the pages on
the type cylinder, alternately received on the collecting cylinder, as heretofore
described, and by the action of the switch 1 are discharged together to the folding
cylinder, a conductor aiding the tape 32 to carry them, which will cause them to
enter together into the nip of the folding rollers b, b. This cylinder will now
make an idle revolution, and then receive and fold two more sheets together, as
before.
For folding four-page sheets singly, the switch of the collecting cylinder A will
remain stationary, and each sheet as it is received is guided direct to the folding
cylinder B which will fold them singly into the nip of the folding rollers.
The sheets from the printing machine may be conveyed direct to the collecting
cylinder in the same manner as they are to the folding cylinder, that is, without the
intervention of deflecting rollers, for the only object of these rollers is to bring
the tapes sooner in contact with the collecting cylinder, so that the distance the
leading edge of the sheets in the cylinder will travel unsupported by tapes may
be as short as possible.
The collecting cylinder A may also be furnished with fingers to carry around the
leading edge of the sheets, the same as the folding cylinder, and when these two
cylinders work in connection with each other, as just described, they may be placed
so close together that the sheets at a proper time, and one or more at a time,
can be transferred direct from the fingers of one cylinder to those of the other,
as in Figs. 4 and 5, and this latter cylinder may be a folding cylinder, or it
may be simply a delivering cylinder that will deliver the sheets to be flown by a
sheet flyer or for any other purpose desired. In this arrangement the grippers a, a,
are opened (the one set to release the sheets, the other to receive them) by cam
faced levers 3, 3*, geared together and simultaneously moved by a rod 4 actuated
by an excentric 5 moved at the proper time by gear wheels 6 and 7.
Another arrangement of the two cylinders for collecting and folding is shewn at
Fig. 3a, Sheet IV., in which the sheets may be delivered to a flying mechanism if
desired. In a machine arranged after this manner, the columns of type may run
lengthways of the type cylinder, and the type cylinder may be of double size, as
described.

page_text: When it is intended that the sheets are to be collected and flown, the four pages
that form one side of the sheet are placed on the type cylinder in the usual manner
with their heads abutting in the centre, but as these will cover only one-half the
circumference of the cylinder, a duplicate set is put on the other half. The paper as
it issues from the press is cut into eight-page sheets (four on each side), and are
collected, say, six at a time on the collecting cylinder A, and by the action of the
switch 8 which is operated by the cam G, the sheets are discharged over the
roller 10 down in front of the fly frame 11, which deposits them on a table.
For folding the sheets the four pages that form one side of the paper are placed
side by side in a row around one end of the type cylinder, and a duplicate set are
similarly placed around its opposite end, but their heads instead of abutting at the
centre as before, must now all point in one direction. The paper will be cut into
eight-page sheets, the ends being duplicates of each other, The switch 8 is now
thrown out of action, and the switch 1 is brought into operation. This switch is
worked by the cam G, which is so timed that as soon as two sheets are collected on the
collecting cylinder A they are directed off to the following cylinder B. The pages
must be so placed on the type cylinders that the first sheet received on the collecting
cylinder will form the inside sheet of the paper, and the next that will be deposited on
it will be the outside sheet, and these two, as above said, will be guided off to the
folding cylinder which will fold them together into the nip of the folding rollers b, b.
These sheets may then be cut into two pieces, longitudinally, by a circular saw, and
each half will be a perfect eight-page sheet which may be subsequently folded or
flown as desired.
If on account of the smallness of the sheet or for any other reason it be desired to
have the separate folding cylinder of, say, double size for the sheet it is to fold, then
it must have two folding blades, as described in the English Patent, dated September
4th, 1875, No. 3105, and two sets of fingers at points on its circumference opposite
to each other, as in Fig. 5. Then when folding 8-page sheets composed of two four-
page sheets brought together, they will always be folded by the same blade, the
opposite one running idle or being inoperative. If the cylinder be made of treble or
quadruple size, it must have three or four folding blades and sets of fingers, and
every second one will receive a pair of collected sheets which the blade will cause to
enter into the nip of the folding rollers. The flying cam may be arranged to operate
each second folding blade as it passes, or it may operate thein all, the alternate ones
working uselessly. But when four-page sheets are folded singly, then whatever
size the cylinder may be, each blade will in succession receive and fold its sheet.
The collecting and folding cylinders of the machine, shown at Fig. 2, Sheet II.,
are arranged after this manner, and the paper as it issues from the press is always
cut into, say, four-page sheets. When eight-page sheets are to be folded (as shewn
at Fig. 5), the inside half of such sheet is first deposited on the collecting cylinder A,
and the outside half is next received upon it. This cylinder is provided with a
switch which is operated by the groove cam 12, and this cam is so timed that the
sheets of each pair of four-page sheets when received on the collecting cylinder A
are at once directed together to the folding cylinder B. This cylinder is twice
the size of the collecting cylinder and makes but half the number of revolutions,
that is, it makes one revolution to every two four-page sheets printed. This
cylinder is provided with two folding blades and two sets of fingers a, a, placed
opposite to each other on the cylinder B.
The folding blades c, c, are operated by two cams fixed opposite each other
on the cam wheel, as herein-after more particularly described in reference to a
folding machine 1 constructed somewhat like this modification of the Invention.
When the pair of four-page sheets is received, they are always seized by the same
set of fingers and folded by the same blade in between the folding rollers b, b, the
other blade at this time being inoperative or operating uselessly, so that one eight-
page sheet is folded at each revolution of the folding cylinder. These once folded,
sheets may then be cross folded in the manner before described with reference to
Sheets I. and II,

page_text: In like manner if it be desired to have the separate collecting cylinder of larger
size, as in Fig. 6, Sheet III., then when used to collect, say, two four-page sheets
one upon the other to form an eight-page sheet, its circumference must be large
enough to take on singly three, five, or some other uneven number of sheets, for by
reason of the manner in which the pages are placed on the type cylinders, an inside
and outside sheet always come alternately, and an outside sheet will thus always
be collected upon an inside one. The switch 1 is arranged by means of gear
wheels 6 and 7 (which drive the cam 9 and operate through a connecting rod the
rocking arm of the switch 1), to discharge every second a complete pair of sheets,
for every second sheet is an outside one and has an inside one beneath it, the
alternate sheets that are missed being at that time single inside ones that at their
next revolution will receive an outside sheet on top of them and then be dis-
charged also. The sheets as thus discharged may be conducted to a folding device
or disposed of in any other manner.
To discharge the four-page sheets singly from this enlarged cylinder the switch
will remain stationary, so that cach sheet as it is received will be directed off.
Also if it be desired to have the combined collecting and folding cylinder of larger
size, as in Fig. 7, then if it is intended to collect and fold eight-page sheets composed
of two four-page sheets, the circumference of the cylinder must be large enough to
hold singly three, five, or some other uneven number of sheets (as in Fig. 7), for an
inside and outside sheet always come alternately; an outside shect will always thus
be collected upon an inside one, as heretofore described. The cylinder must also have
three, five, or the corresponding number of folding blades and sets of fingers, and
these may all be operated by one folding and one finger cam, but the folding and.
finger caus must be arranged to operate only as every second folding blade passes,
as has been heretofore described. For every second sheet is an outside one, and has
an inside sheet beneath it, and it is their folding blade that (as it passes) is operated
by the cam, and thus folds the complete pair of sheets into the nip of the folding
rollers. The alternate sheets that are missed are at that time inside sheets, and at
their next revolution will receive an outside sheet on top of them, and will then be
folded also.
For folding four-page sheets singly the folding and finger cams are arranged to
operate as each folding blade passes, so that each sheet as received is directed into
the nip of the folding rollers.
It is evident that the preceding collecting and folding mechanism need not
be confined to collecting and folding two sheets only, but that three or more sheets
may be thus collected and folded together, forming newspapers or periodicals of
twelve, sixteen, or more pages.
A collecting cylinder may deliver its sheets either to a sheet flyer or to a folding
cylinder (as may be desired) by means of two switches conveniently placed, both of
which can be thrown in and out of operation, as required (see Figs. 8 and 9). One
of the switches and 8 when in operation, will deliver one, two, or more sheets
together to a folding cylinder, and the other one in a similar manner will deliver
five, six, or any desired number to a sheet flyer. In place of a switch a delivering
cylinder furnished with fingers (the same as is now used in some styles of printing
machines) may be applied to a collecting cylinder either with or without fingers to
receive its sheets when the proper number is collected, and deliver them, say, to a
sheet flyer. A finger cam moved in and out of range at the proper time will cause
the fingers to duly seize and release the sheets, as herein-after described.
Instead of using a collecting cylinder to bring two or more sheets together to
present them to a folding cylinder, they may be collected by making the first sheet
travel a greater distance than the second, and the first and second a greater distance
than the third, so that they will all meet together as described in the Specification
of Letters Patent, No. 2561, grauted to W. E. Newton, August 28th, 1872.
In fast running machines it is often desirable to separate the partially folded
sheets into different channels, and this can be accomplished by putting two pairs of
folding rollers b, b, to the same folding cylinder, as in Fig. 10, Sheet V., and as

page_text: described in the Specification of the Patent granted to me September 4th, 1875,
No. 3105. Each pair has its folding cams I, but these are arranged to operate
alternately, one at each revolution of the cylinder, which thus delivers a sheet (or
it may be a pair of them) to each pair of folding rollers alternately. The fingers
must be arranged to release their sheets at the proper time, a cam 9 carried by a
wheel 6 gearing with the wheel 7 serving the purpose in the instance illustrated.
If the cylinder be made large enough it may have three or more pairs of folding
rollers, also two or more folding blades and sets of fingers.
Fig. 11, Sheet VI., is a right-hand elevation of a machine constructed in this
manner; Fig. 12 is a left-hand elevation of the same.
Fig. 13, Sheet VII., is a front end elevation.
Figs. 14 and 15 are views of the mechanism for operating the folding cams.
Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the machine from the left-hand side.
Fig. 17 is a sectional view of the same parts, but in another position.
Fig. 18 is a detail view of a revolving can for opening the grippers.
Fig. 19, Sheet VIII., is a sectional view of a modification of the above, showing
a folding cylinder with two pairs of folding rollers, in combination with an enlarged
collecting cylinder.
H, H, are a pair of cutting cylinders mounted in the side frames of the machine,'
and running in bearings in these frames. They are geared together by equal sized
wheels, and may be supposed to be part of a printing machine. B is a combined
collecting and folding cylinder, as described under a Patent granted to me Nov.
30, 1876, No. 4645; but in the present case the cylinder is furnished with three
sets of grippers a, a*, a**, which seize the sheets, and are mounted on three shafts.
There are also three rotating double-folding blades c, cx, cxx, on the shaft to fold
these sheets into the nip of the two pairs of folding rollers b, b, and b, b, which are
driven by a wheel 28 fixed on the shaft of the folding cylinder B, which gears into
and drives the pinion 41 on one of the folding rollers b or b₁ (see Fig. 11,
Sheet VI.). This folding cylinder has a wheel 27 secured to the outer end of its
shaft, by which it is driven by an intermediate wheel from a wheel on the shaft of
the cutting cylinder H¹, and these wheels are so proportioned to each other that the
cutting cylinders will make three revolutions to one of the folding cylinder, that is
to say, they will cut a sheet for each set of grippers and its corresponding folding
blade that pass a given point.
A set of endless carrying tapes 32 (Figs. 16 and 17) pass around the roller A* up
to and partially around the folding cylinder around the folding roller b, and return
over a friction roller to the place of beginning. A fellow set of tapes 49 pass
around the roller A up to and around the roller A, and back to the place of
beginning, and the two rollers are geared so as to run in unison.
The diameter of the folding cylinder is somewhat greater than three times that of
the cutting cylinders, so that its circumferential speed is a little greater than theirs,
and the carrying tapes 32-49, are driven at the same speed as the folding cylinder,
the wheels being so proportioned to each other as to accomplish this object. The
cutting knife in the cutting cylinder has portions of its cutting edge removed at
certain places, so that as the web of paper passes between the cutting cylinders,
the sheets are not cut entirely off from it, but are left joined at those places.
As the paper enters between the carrying tapes 32-49, it is forced to run at the
speed of the cutting cylinders until its leading edge, aided by the guide piece 67,
arrives at the folding cylinder B, when it is nipped between the tapes 32 and the
periphery of the cylinder, and at the same time is seized by a set of its grippers, and
is thus carried forward at an increased rate of speed and torn away from the web,
the leading edge of which has then just entered between the tapes. The shaft of
a tape pulley A³ has a pinion fixed on it which gears into and is driven by the
wheel 28. A series of endless tapes 33 pass around the pulleys AS and around the
roller A2, and thus embrace a portion of the periphery of the cylinder B, against
which they at times retain a slicet and help to carry it forward when the grippers
open the next incoming sheet.

page_text: The gripper shafts have on one of their ends an overhanging cross head, one end
of which is provided with a friction roller to ride over the cams to open the grippers
in the manner well understood and herein-after more particularly described.
Each set of grippers, as it passes by the gripper cam A5, is opened by it to receive
the edge of an incoming sheet, which is seized and carried around until the grippers
are again open to receive a second sheet upon the first, when both are carried
around until the grippers are opened by riding over one of the two revolving cams
B or B³, which liberate the sheets to be folded into one of the two pairs of folding
rollers b, b, or b', b'. The revolving cam B is fixed to the side of a spur wheel,
which rotates on a stud axle secured to the side frame of the machine, and is driven
by a pinion fast on the shaft of the folding cylinder B (see Figs. 11 and 16). The
revolving cam B³ is also fixed to the side of a wheel which runs on a stud axle, and
is driven by the same pinion. Now the proportion of the pinion is to these wheels
as 1 is to 1/3, so that the folding cylinder will make 1 1/, revolutions to 1 revolution
of the revolving cams B2, B3; and as the cylinder carries three sets of grippers, the
revolving cams will make one revolution for each fourth set of grippers that passes
them, but these cams are so timed as to act alternately on the passing sets of
grippers, whence it follows that each second set will be alternately opened by the
cams B2, B3, while the intermediate set will pass by free.
The folding blade shafts have on one of their ends an overhanging cross head,
each end of which is furnished with friction rollers, which, as the cylinder revolves,
alternately come in contact with a flying cam and a stationary cam, the co-operation
of which will cause the blades to make a semi-rotation and fold their over-lying
sheets into the nip of the folding rollers, as has been heretofore described. On the
outer end of the shaft of the folding cylinder B and on the end opposite to the
wheel 27 (see Fig. 14, Sheet VII.) a broad-faced pinion 40 is secured, which gears
into and drives the wheel 39 fixed on a shaft mounted on the side frame, and also
n wheel 75 fixed on a shaft similarly mounted. The outer ends of these shafts are
supported in a bracket, and they run through the side frame of the machine, and on
their inner ends they each have a flying cam I and I'. These shafts, in addition to
their revolving motion, have a lateral reciprocating motion imparted to them for a
purpose which will be presently described. This reciprocating motion is effected
by the broad-faced pinion 40 driving a wheel 76, which runs loose on a stud axle
(see Fig. 15), and has a grooved cam F fixed to its outer side.
A vibrating lever fe is pivotted near its centre to a stud axle, and its short arm
enters the groove of the cam F, while its long arm engages with a groove cut in the
hub of the wheel 39, so that as the cam F revolves it causes the wheel 39, together
with its shaft and the flying cam on its inner end to vibrate laterally. A similar
lever also engages with the grooved cam F and with a groove in the hub of the
wheel 75, and thus gives a vibrating motion to its shaft and its flying cam, but the
pinion 40 is of such a width that the wheel 39 can move endways without being
disengaged from it, so that the wheels, shafts, and flying cams, will continue to
revolve while being vibrated. The object of this vibration is to move the flying
cams I, I, at certain times inwardly into the path of the leading friction roller on
the overhanging ends of the folding blade shafts, and thus intercept them, and in
combination with the stationary folding cam 12, 12, cause the folding blade to operate,
as has been previously described. The flying cams are then withdrawn outwards
beyond the path of the friction rollers, so that the folding blades will then pass by
unoperated.
The proportion of the pinion 40 to the wheels 39, 75, 76, is as 1 is to 1/3, so
that the folding cylinder B will make 11, revolutions to 1 revolution, and also to
one vibration in and out of the flying cams I, I'. Now the cylinder has three
folding blades, so that as it revolves four blades will pass by during each revolution
and vibration of the flying cams; but these flying cams are by the position of the
levers ff, in the cam F, caused to vibrate alternately, that is to say, that each
folding blade as it passes will be operated by the flying cams I, I, so as to force the
sheets overlying it into the nip of the pair of folding rollers b, b, or b¹, b¹. This

page_text: operation, it will be observed, coincides with the opening of each second set of
grippers to liberate its sheets for the action of the folding blades heretofore described.
Furthermore, the movement of the gripper cai B³ is so timed as to open the grippers
just as the flying cam I begins to operate to force the sheets they carry into the
nip of the pair of folding rollers b, b, and in like manner the movements of the
gripper cam B3 and flying cam I' will correspond to deliver the next second charge
of sheets to the pair of folding rollers b¹, b¹.
If it be desired to fold the sheets singly instead of in pairs the grooved cam F is
replaced by one that will at each revolution give two complete reciprocations back
and forth to the flying cams. The flying cams are replaced by others that will act
twice to each of their revolutions, as illustrated in Fig. 32 in the Specification of the
Patent granted to me November 30th 1876, No. 4045. Each flying cam will then
actuate every second folding blade that passes, and the two cams together will
operate all the folding blades. An additional revolving gripper cam is put on cach
of the cam wheels, so as to open all the grippers as they pass, and the sheets as they
are received will be folded singly through the two pairs of folding rollers b, b, and
61, 61, alternately.
If it be desired to have a separate collecting cylinder of enlarged size, then (if
used to collect, say, two four-page sheets, one upon the other to form an eight-page
sheet) its circumference must be large enough to take on singly three, five, or any
other odd numbers of sheets for the same reasons that are explained in the case of
the folding cylinder above described, and this cylinder may deliver its collected
inside and outside sheets in pairs to a folding device to be folded, or to a sheet flyer
to be piled flat. Such an apparatus is shewn at Fig. 19, Sheet VIII., where A is
the cylinder provided with three sets of grippers a, a*, a**, to scize and carry
forward the sleets, and a switch 1 to discharge them at the proper time.
A folding cylinder B will receive the sheets from the collecting cylinder, and fold
them into the nip of the pairs of folding rollers b, b, or b¹, 61. A series of endless
conducting tapes 32 run from one of the rollers A* near the upper cutting cylinder H
partially around the cylinder A, under the roller A° to the folding cylinder B, under
the folding roller bover the other folding roller b around a roller not shown, and
returns over a carrying roller to the roller A*.
A companion set of tapes run from the roller A° near the lower cutting cylinder
H' around the roller A¹º back to the roller A°. A third set of tapes run from the
roller A around the lower surface of the cylinder A, around the roller A³, and return
around a carrying roller to the roller A². Other tapes convey the once folded sheets
off from the folding roller b, b, and 61, 61, to be further folded or otherwise disposed of.
The folding cylinder B, which is geared to the collecting cylinder by an inter-
mediate wheel, is just two-thirds the diameter of the collecting cylinder, and runs
at the same surface speed, so that it will make one revolution while the collecting
cylinder makes but two-thirds of a revolution, that is to say, while two sets of
grippers are passing. This folding cylinder is provided with two sets of grippers
a, ax, and two folding blades c, c*. The blade c will fold its sheets into the pair of
folding rollers b, b, and the blade c* will deliver its sheets to the pair of rollers b¹, b',
by the co-operation of flying and stationary folding cams, as described in the Speci-
fication of a Patent granted to me September 4th, 1875, No. 3105.
As the folding blades will operate but once to each revolution of the folding
cylinder, the flying cam will run turn for turn with the cylinder; consequently
when the blade C passes the rollers b¹, b¹, the flying cam at that point will be turned
towards the center of the cylinder, and the blade will pass on unoperated, and the
same will be the case when the blade c* passes the rollers b, b; thus each blade
will always deliver its sheets into the same rollers and into no others. A grooved
cam 12 is secured to the shaft of the folding cylinder B, and imparts motion to the
switch 1 and the gripper opening cam 3 through the link and counecting rod 4, the
opposite end of which is forked to embrace the shaft of the folding cylinder. This
rod 4 is provided with a pin that runs in the groove of the cam 12, and thus gives
motion to the gripper cam and switch. The shape of the cam 12 is such that it

page_text: will bring the gripper cam and switch into operation as each second set of grippers
approaches, and the grippers will be opened, and the points of the switch will enter
the grooves in the cylinder through the space between the sets of sheets, and thus
will direct the sheets off, and the cams are so timed that these grippers are just the
ones that then have complete pairs of inside and outside sheets.
As the pairs of sheets are directed off from the cylinder by the switch they are
conducted by the guides 74; and assisted by the tapes 32 to the folding cylinder,
where they are seized by the grippers a, which have been opened by the stationary
cam. The sheets are then seized and carried around until the grippers are inter-
cepted by a vibrating gripper cam A**, which opens them just in time for the
folding blade c to fold the sheets into the rollers b, b. The gripper cam A5* is
vibrated by an excentric 5 on the shaft of the folding cylinder B, so that at cach
revolution of the cylinder it is moved out to epen the grippers a, and then inwards to
escape the grippers a*. These latter are opened at the proper time for the operation
of the blade cx upon its sheets by the stationary cam a³. It will be seen that
when sheets collected in pairs are to be folded they are always seized by the
grippers a, and folded by the blade c into the rollers 1, 61, the other blade and set
of grippers working uselessly, or they may be rendered inoperative, but when it is
desired to fold the four-page sheets singly the switch 1 and gripper cam 3 are
detached from the cam 12, and made stationary, so as to guide off each sheet singly
to the folding cylinder, where they will be seized in succession by the grippers a, a,
and folded into the rollers b', 6', and b, b, alternately. The folding cylinder B may
be of but one half its present size, and have but one folding blade and set of grippers
and one pair of folding rollers. In that case it will make three revolutions to the
collecting cylinder's one, so that when folding the sheets collected in pairs every
second revolution will be an idle one, but when the sheets are to be folded singly it
will fold one at each revolution. Three or more sheets may be thus collected and
folded, and in so adapting it the cylinder must always be of sufficient size to hold
the number of sheets to be collected plus one..
The once folded sheets (as they issue from the folding rollers of the machine) may
be again folded either parallel or at right angles to the first fold. This may be done
by either of the rotary mechanisms herein described, or by the constantly rotating
blade shown in Figs. 17, 18, 22, 23, in the Specification of the Patent granted to me
Sept. 4th, 1875, No. 3105, or by reciprocating blades.
When the severance of the partially-cut sheets from the web is completed by the
sheets being caught in the nip of faster running conductor, the distance between
the nipping cylinder and the nipping device must be governed by the dimensions of
the sheet in the direction of its travel. But it is sometimes very necessary to be
able to cut and separate full size and half size sheets in the same machine, as, for
instance, eight page and four-page sheets. This can be effected by bringing into
operation an additional knife in the cutting cylinder, and interposing a pair of
nipping rollers 14, as in Fig. 20, Sheet V., about half way between the delivering
rollers and the nipping device first mentioned.
. For collecting and delivering the above full size and half size sheets the collecting
cylinder may be furnished with a discharging switch in the usual manner. For
collecting and discharging, say, six full size sheets, the switch cam G is made to
actuate the switch at every sixth revolution of the collecting cylinder A. For
collecting and discharging six half size sheets, the above switch cam G is replaced
by one, as G, Fig. 21, Sheet V., that will actuate the switch twice during six
revolutions; that is, alternately every three and one-half and two and one-half
revolutions. This difference of one-half a revolution over and under three (the
average) will cause the switch to strike alternately into the space between the half
sheets at opposite sides of the cylinder, the object being to discharge the sheets in
parcels of six, with an interval between them.
If it be desired to discharge the half size sheets in parcels of any uneven number,
say, five or seven, then the cam must actuate the switch every two and one-half or
three and one-half revolutions of the cylinder.

page_text: Instead of the above arrangements the collecting cylinder may be provided with
two discharging switches, 7 and 8, placed at convenient points around it, and
susceptible of being thrown out of action, as shown at Fig. 22, Sheet V.
For discharging full size sheets only one switch need be used, but for discharging
the half size sheets both switches will be used, each being timed to discharge from
its own half of the cylinder.
The above described method of cutting both full size and half size sheets from
the web by means of an additional cutting knife and intermediate nipping rollers
may be used in connection with a folding cylinder. The full size sheets will be
received and folded as heretofore described; but for folding the half size sheets the
folding cylinder will be replaced by one of the same size, but having two folding
blades and sets of fingers, as already described in the case of the folding cylinder of
double size, and each blade of which will fold a half size sheet. Fingers however
may be made removable from and adjustable in position upon the periphery of this
folding cylinder. Then when full size sheets are folded one folding blade only is
operated, and one set of fingers is placed in proper position to it; but when half
size sheets are to be folded both blades are brought into operation, and two sets of
fingers are placed in position to correspond. Tapes or other conductors may be
used to convey the sheets to the folding rollers in place of the cylinder and fingers,
as in Fig. 22, Sheet III., and in that case the two folding blades may be mounted
on a revolving carrier or frame B', one blade only operating to fold full size sheets,
but both blades being in action to fold the half size sheets.
A brush is attached across the carrier B¹, just in advance of the folding blades
c, c, and will sweep against the folding rollers b, b, and thus straighten and smooth
out the paper an instant before it is folded.
By either of the above arrangements of the folding mechanism when used in
connection with the additional cutting knife and intermediate nipping rollers eight-
page sheets (in which the four pages on each side of the sheet are all in a line in
the direction of its travel) can be folded, as also the two four-pages sheets resulting
from this shect being cut in two transversely. The eight-page sheets in this case
being pasted, if desired, and perforated and folded in the centre of their lengths
may be again folded in the same direction by a second cylinder, or they may be
returned to a second pair of folding rollers co-operating with this same cylinder,
as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me Septr. 4th 1875, No.
3105.
The following further improvements on this head of the Invention relates to
delivering apparatuses, which are adjustable so as to adapt them to the inanipulation
of different sized sheets.
In Sheets IX., X., XI., XII., and XIII. of the Drawings, Fig. 23, Sheet IX., is a
right-hand side elevation of the improved delivering apparatus; Fig. 24 is a left-
hand side elevation of the same.
Fig. 25, Sheet X., a rear elevation; Fig. 26, a longitudinal section showing the
operation of delivering large or full sized sheets; and Fig. 27, Sheet XI., is a
similar view showing the operation of delivering small or half sized sheets.
Fig. 28 shows a modification embodying a gathering or accumulating mechanism
and two independent folding mechanisms.
Figs. 29 and 30, Sheet XII., are longitudinal sections of a further modification of
the apparatus, which embodies independent gathering or accumulating and folding
mechanisms; the former showing the operation of manipulating full sized sheets,
and the latter the operation of manipulating half sized sheets.
.
Figs. 31, 32, and 32*, Sheet XIII., show a further modification, embodying inde-
pendent gathering or accumulating and folding mechanisms and a sheet-directing
mechanism.
This delivering apparatus, shown in the above Figures, though it may receive
sheet after sheet directed between the cylinders H, H', by hand or an automatic
feeding mechanism, is designed to be attached to a web perfecting printing machine.
The cutting cylinders H, H', herein shown, may be those of a web perfecting

page_text: printing machine. They are geared together by equal-sized toothed wheels, and
the male cutting cylinder H will of course be of the same size, and run turn-for-
turn with the type cylinders of the printing machine.
The collecting cylinder A is somewhat larger than the cutting cylinders and is
caused to make equal turns in unison therewith by a train of intermediate toothed
wheels 48, the last wheel gearing with a similar wheel 49* on the shaft of the
cylinder A. A pinion 29 on this shaft gears with the toothed cam wheel F, the
shaft of which drives a cam wheel G on the opposite end of shaft 69.
A driving pinion F¹ engaging with the toothed cam wheel F is herein shown as a
means for imparting motion to the apparatus; such motion will in practice be
derived from one of the moving shafts of the printing machine, and may be trans-
mitted by a train of gear wheels meshing with one of the toothed wheels of this
apparatus, preferably that carried on the shaft of one of the cutting cylinders.
Any other connection may be made, such as a longitudinal shaft and bevel wheels.
The paper is directed from the cutting cylinders H, H¹, to the accumulating
cylinder H by means of conveying tapes 32, 49, the upper set 32 of which are
stretched from a roller A*, near the upper cutting cylinder H, to and in contact
with a portion of the surface of the cylinder A, around a roller A**, and return over
a carrying roller to this roller A*; and the other set 49 are stretched from a roller
A, placed beneath the roller A*, and near the lower cutting cylinder H', then
around a roller A7, and return over a roller A³ and under a roller A³ to the said
roller Aº. A third set of tapes 34 are stretched over rollers A2, A3, passing in
contact with the cylinder A between the rollers A2, and A³, and down before the fly
frame 11 between the rollers A2, A3. All these rollers are driven from the toothed
wheel 28 fast upon the shaft of the cylinder A, as seen in Fig. 23, and the roller A³
has a toothed wheel which gears with a wheel on the shaft of the roller A³. The
roller A is also driven by a toothed wheel actuated from the toothed wheel 28.
All of these rollers are then given the same surface speed as the cylinder A. There
is also a roughened pressing roller Aº mounted in contact with the cylinder A at its
upper side, and driven by spur wheel in gear with the toothed weeel 28, the purpose
of which will herein-after be fully explained.
By this arrangement of tapes and tape rollers the cylinder A is provided with
one point of entrance for the sheets, viz., when the tapes 32 pass on to its surface,
and with two points of delivery, viz., between the rollers A** and A2 and tho
rollers A3 and A7. At the entrance point there is a conductor 30 which is so shaped
as to form a bridge between the roller A³ (around which the tapes 49 are returned)
and the surface of the cylinder A, and to form a guard curved to coincide with the
surface of the cylinder between the roller A³ and the points where the tapes 32
meet the surface of the cylinder. At these delivery points of this cylinder A arc
provided switches 1 and 8, which swing in grooves in the cylinder A and in the
rollers, so as to retain the sheets upon the cylinder or guide them off, as in Fig. 26.
The switches 1 are hung on a shaft provided with a rocking arm and a connecting
rod 35, whose stud or friction roller runs in a cam groove in the toothed cam wheel
F, and the switches 8 are hung on a shaft provided with a rocking arm and
a connecting rod 35, whose stud or friction roller runs in a cam groove in the
cam wheel G, the two sets of switches being thus automatically rocked into and
retained in proper position at predetermined intervals, as will be fully explained.
The switches 1 may be rendered inoperative by uncoupling the connecting rod 35
from their rocking arm, which may be done in any common manner. As here
shown, this is accomplished by an adjusting screw which holds the rod 35 in either
of the positions shown in Fig. 26. The switches 8 may be rendered inoperative by
removing the screw which connects their connecting rod with the rocking arm.
A pair of nipping rollers M, N, between which the conducting tapes run, are
mounted between the cylinder A and the cutting cylinders H, H', and are driven by
means of a toothed wheel, the cam of which is in gear with one of the intermediate
wheels 48. The upper roller M, of this pair of rollers, is mounted in moveable
boxes so that it may be adjusted by means of thumbscrews, Fig. 23 & 24, Sheet IX.,

page_text: into and out of contact with its companion lower roller, it being seated upon springs
to facilitate its upward movement. These rollers (having draw, filed, or otherwise
roughened surfaces) when adjusted in working contact coustitute a sheet or web-
nipping device.
The cutting cylinder H is provided with a cutting blade h which is fixed so as to
project from its periphery a suitable distance, and with a socket h' which is adapted
to receive a second cutting blade. When this cutting blade is removed its socket
may be filled by a block, as at Fig. 23.
The nipping rollers M, N, the switches 1, and the two cutting blades are brought
into operation when the web is to be severed into small or half-size sheets, and the
same are to be manipulated, which operation will be particularly hercin-aftor
described.
The apparatus, provided with the mechanisms thus far described, may be
adapted,-
(A.) To sever the web into large or full sized sheets, collect or accumulate two or
more such sheets upon the carrier, and deliver the same in a single body therefrom
at the switches 8 to the fly frame 11, which will lay them Hat upon a piling
table.
(B.) To sever the web into small or half size sheets, collect or accumulate two or
more such sheets in two distinct bodies upon the cylinder A, and deliver the same,
one body at the switches 1 to the fly frame 11, and the other body at the switches 8
to the other fly frame 11, which fly frame will lay such bodies of sheets flat upon
piling tables. To perform the operation described in paragraph (A.) the mechanisms
are adjusted as in Figs. 23 to 26, wherein one cutter only is in place or operative in
the cylinder H; the nipping rollers M, N, are separated and inoperative, and the
switches 1 are caused to remain in the position shown in Figs. 23, 24, 25, by means
of a spring which bears upon an arm made fast at one end of their shaft, the
actuating rod 35 being uncoupled from the rocking arm and so held by a spring, sce
Figs. 23 and 24.
The web of paper emerging from the printing cylinders (herein shown as led from
a reel) is divided between the cutting cylinders H, H¹, as in Fig. 26, which sever or
partially sever it transversely upon lines which divide it into large size slicets. It
is thence conveyed by the tapes 32, 49, into the cylinder A, and when its leading
end is caught between the tapes 32 or roller A and the surface of the cylinder A
(which constitute a sheet or web nipping device), it is caused to travel with a speed
accelerated beyond that imparted to it by the cutting cylinders H, H', and if it has
been severed by the cutting cylinder the sheet will be advanced so as to separate it
a distance (as at Fig. 27) from the end of the web; or if the web is but partially
severed by the cutting cylinders, it will be torn from the web on the dividing line,
and the sheet thus formed will be rapidly advanced and separated from the rod of
the web, as above stated. This space between the sheets causes their heads and
tails to be in like manner separated, as at the left-hand side of the same Figure,
when the sheets are laid upon the cylinder A, and provides for the operation of the
switches 8.
The first incoming sheet nipped upon the surface of the cylinder A passes around
with it, being held there by the tapes 32 and conductors 30, until its head or
leading edge reaches the entrance point, where a second sheet is in like manner
received, laid upon the first, and the two are caused to pass together under the roller
A" and around the cylinder A. Any convenient number may thus be collected or
accumulated one on the other upon the cylinder A, and when the predetermined
number (4 in this instance) have been so collected, which is determined by the
proportion or size of the toothed wheel which drives the switch-moving cam wheel
G to its pinion 29, the switches 8 will be rocked into the position, Fig. 26, so that
their toes will intercept the leading edges of the collected sheets, and will direct the
same in a single body on to the roller A³, between it and the roller As, and down
before the fly frame 11, which, if vibrated in proper time by any common meaus,
will lay the same flat upon a piling table. As the tails of this body of collected

page_text: sheets pass the switches 8, the latter will be rocked, so that their faces will coincide
with the periphery of the cylinder A, as in Fig. 27, in which position they will
guide the single sheets, which have meanwhile passed on to the cylinder A, onward
to the entrance point to meet and receive upon it the next incoming sheet, and will
repeat this collecting and delivering operation.
To perform the operation described in paragraph (B.) the apparatus is adjusted
as follows: The second nipping arrangement is adjusted in position or thrown
into operation, as in Fig. 27, the second web or sheet-nipping device is brought
into operative position by adjusting the roller M into surface contact with its
companion N, and the other connecting rod 35 is coupled to its switch operating
rocking arm. The web directed between the cutting cylinders H, H', will then be
severed or partially severed by the cutting blades upon transverse lines, thereby
dividing it into sheets one-half the size of the former. The leading end of the
sheet or web will then be caught between the nipping rollers M, N, (which are
geared to run at the same surface speed as the cylinder A), which will advance the
same at an accelerated speed, and separate the sheet a distance from the web if the
latter is entirely severed by the cutting blades, or tear the sheet from the web, and
separate it a distance therefrom (see Fig. 27). This same sheet will, after passing
through the nipping rollers M, N, be caught between the tapes 32 or roller A", and
the cylinder A, which will advance it at the same speed as that imparted to it by
the rollers M, N, thus preserving the space between the heads and tails of the
sheets as at **, Fig. 27, which space, although only half that in paragraph A,
permits the perfect operation of the switches 1 and 8. The first sheet passing on to
the cylinder A will extend over nearly one-half of its periphery, and the second
sheet will pass on to and nearly cover the other half of its periphery, the heads
and tails of each being separated a distance apart. The third sheet will pass on to
the first, the fourth on to the second, and so on until the predetermined number
has been collected in like manner as herein-before described with reference to full
sized sheets, but in two bodies instead of one. This number is determined by the
proportion of the pinion 29 to the toothed wheel F, which latter has a cam groove
and also drives the cam G.
As herein arranged this number is four, and hence when the heads of the body
of sheets consisting of those received in the order 1, 3, 5, 7, approach the switches
1, the latter will have been rocked into the position, Fig. 27, to intercept the same
and direct this body of sheets over the roller A and down before the Hy frame 11,
which will be vibrated to deliver the same flat upon a piling table. When the tails
of this body of sheets have passed the switches, the latter will be rocked into the
position Fig. 26, and guide the beads of the body of sheets received in the order
2, 4, 6, 8, onward towards the switches 8, which will then have been rocked into
the position shewn in Fig. 26, as before described, and direct this body of sheets
down before the fly frame 11. These operations will be repeated and the following
sheets will be collected in two distinct bodies upon the cylinder A and delivered
in like manner.
To collect, say, four full sized sheets by a single switch as 8, and a sheet flyer
as 11, the switch cam wheel G is made to actuate the switch at every fourth revo-
lution in the usual manner. If however the nipping rollers M, N, are brought into
action the collecting cylinder will receive eight sheets (four on each side). To
discharge these the switch and fly cam wheel are replaced by others that will
operate the switch 8 and its fly 11 twice during four revolutions of the cylinder A,
and these times must be at every 11/2 and 21%, revolutions of the same, this difference
of a revolution over and under two, the average will cause the switch to strike
alternately into the space between the half sheets at opposite sides of the cylinder,
the object being to discharge the sheets in parcels of four with an interval between
them.
If it be desired to discharge the half size sheets in parcels of any uneven
number, say five or seven, then the cams must actuate the switch and fly at every
22 or 3 revolutions of the cylinder, as the case may be. But it is preferable to

page_text: provide one sheet flyer for the full size sheets, and two for the half sized sheets, as
before described. Instead of delivering its product to the fly frames 11, 11, the
Bwitches 8 and 1 at the two points of delivery of the cylinder A may direct the
sheets to one folding mechanism and to one fly frame, as in Sheet XII., or to two
folding mechanisms as in Fig. 28. In this modification the tapes 32, 49, are
extended, the former to lead out over the folding roller f, and the latter to lead oue
over the folding roller f*. A third set of tapes 33 run from rollers AI, and act
with the tapes 32 as conductors to direct the sheets from the switches 1, and the tapes
34 are extended so as to act with the tapes 49 as conductors to direct the sheets
from the switches 8.
Thus modified the apparatus may operate as follows:-
(C.) Two or more full size sheets may be accumulated upon the cylinder A,
directed by the switches 1, out over the folding rollers f, and doubled through the
same by a vibrating folding blade e*.
(D.) Two or more half size sheets may be accumulated in two distinct bodies
upon the cylinder A, and each alternate body of such collected sheets be directed by
the switches and 8 out over the folding rollers fand f*, and doubled through the
same by the vibrating folding blades et, et, or two successive bodies of these half
size sheets may be directed alternately to the folding rollers f, ƒ*.
In the operation set forth in paragraph (C.), one cutter, the nipping rollers M, N,
and the switches 8, must be rendered inoperative, while in the operation set forth
in paragraph (D.), the two cutters H, H', the nipping rollers M, N, and the
switches 8, must all be put into operation. This inodification of the apparatus is also
adapted to perform the operations herein-after described in paragraphs (E.) and (F.),
by properly timing the operation of the switches 1 and 8. This accumulating
cylinder might be provided with grippers so as to more positively manipulate the
sheets.
The apparatus may be supplemented with an independent folding cylinder and
mechanism connecting the same with the collecting cylinder A.
In Sheet XII., Figures 29 and 30 shew such a modification, wherein a rotary
carrying cylinder B mounted parallel with and a distance beyond the accumulating
cylinder A is provided with a toothed wheel gear, by which these cylinders B
and A are caused to run in unison and made to operate turn-for-turn.
The mechanism connecting the two cylinders together is formed as follows:-The
tapes 32 are stretched beyond the pressing roller Aº, pass around a roller A**, and
return over a carrying roller to the roller A*. The spaces beneath these tapes and
between the two cylinders is occupied by a driving roller A10, a conductor 74, and
a switch 67. The switches 67 (which play in grooves in the cylinder A, and rollers
A and A10) are rocked at suitable intervals to direct each sheet or each successive
body of two or more sheets associated together upon the collecting cylinder A.
The switches 67 and tapes 32, or roller A, constitute a point of delivery for the
sheets from the cylinder A, which with the others hercin-before described form three
such points of delivery. A short set of tapes 34 cover that portion of the cylinder A
between the switches 67 and 1.
The folding cylinder B is equipped with a rotary folder C, as before described,
and armed with three sets of grippers a, a*, and a**, which are mounted upon
rocking shafts in the heads of cylinder B, and are operated at proper times or
rendered inactive by similar means. The apparatus thus modified may be adjusted
to perform the operations herein-before described in paragraphs (A.) and (B.), at
which time the switches 67 are rendered inactive, and are sustained in a position
where their toes enter the grooves in the roller A" by removing the stud or roller
from their connecting rod, or sliding its actuating cam wheel out of contact
therewith.
(E.) To sever the web into full size sheets, and direct each successive sheet to the
cylinder B to be folded and delivered from between the folding rollers b, b.
(F.) To sever the web into full size sheets, and collect two or more such sheets
upon the cylinder A, and deliver.such associated sheets in a single body to tho

page_text: cylinder B, which will fold the same and deliver them as one product from between
the folding rollers b, b.
(G.) To sever the web into half size sheets, and direct each successive sheet
to the cylinder B to be folded and delivered from between the folding rollers b, b.
(H.) To sever the web into half size sheets, I collect or accumulate two or more
such sheets in two distinct bodies upon the cylinder A, and deliver the same
successively to the cylinder B to be folded and delivered from between the folding
rollers b, b.
To perform the operation set forth in paragraph E, the cutting cylinders have
one cutting blade in operation; the nipping rollers M, N, are adjusted out of
operative contact as in Figure 29, and the switches 1 and 8 are thrown out of
action and held in the position, Figure 29, and the switches 67 are adjusted to
remain in the position shewn in Figure 29. The actuating devices of the grippers a
and a** are also thrown out of action, so that the grippers remain closed and
inactive, or they may be removed.
Each sheet will then be directed by the tapes 32, 49, to the cylinder A, nipped
by the tapes 32, or roller Aº directed by the tapes 32, switches 67, and conductor 74,
and moved by the driving roller A10 on to the cylinder B, where the grippers a*
will seize and carry it around upon the surface of the cylinder B, and before the
folding rollers b, b, and release it at the proper time (as in Figure 29) for it to be
doubled by the rotary folder c through the folding rollers b, b.
To perform the operation set forth in paragraph (F.), the switches 67 are thrown
into action so as to operate and direct the first incoming sheet on to the cylinder A,
and the second together with the first sheet, if two only are to be collected, onward
to the cylinder B, which will fold the two together through the folding rollers b, b.
In this operation the switches will stand with their toes in the grooves of the
roller A when the first sheet is received, and with their toes in the grooves of the
cylinder A when the second sheet is received, which movements will be imparted
by a properly shaped cam.
To perform the operation set forth in paragraph (G.), the two cutting blades are
adjusted in operative position in the cylinders H, H', and the nipping rollers
adjusted in operative contact, as in Fig. 30, the grippers a** are removed, and a
rotary folder is adjusted in their bearings. The devices for actuating the
grippers a and a* are adjusted into operative position, and the switches 8 and 1
remain inactive as before. Each half sheet received is then directed to the cylinder B
and folded as were the whole sheets, except that the first half sheet received by the
cylinder is seized by the grippers a and folded by the rotary folder c, and the
second sheet is seized by the grippers a** and folded by the rotary folder c*.
To perform the operation set forth in paragraph (H.), the switches 67 are brought
into operation as before described with reference to the operation paragraph F, so
that two or more half sheets are collected in two distinct bodies upon the cylinder A,
and the bodies are directed on to the cylinder B and folded together successively
through the folding rollers'b, b. In this operation the folding cylinder will, when
two sheets are to be collected, make one idle revolution, while the first sheets of
each of the two bodies of sheets are passing on to the cylinder A. These two successive
bodies of sheets may be conducted over the same folding rollers, and simultaneously
doubled through them by the same stroke of a folding blade.
In the operations set forth in paragraphs (E.) and (G.), the carrier operates simply
to support the sheets guided onward to the cylinder B.
By a delivering apparatus furnished with a half sheet nipping device (as rollers
M, N,) and cutting cylinders having two cutting blades, one of which is removable
or capable of being rendered inoperative, either whole or half sheets may be directed
to independent, accumulating, and folding mechanisms. This is illustrated in the
modification Figs. 31, 32, wherein the collecting and folding mechanisms situated a
distance apart are provided with sheet conductors, which connect them with the
sheet conducting tapes 32, 49. These conductors have combined with them a
moving sheet-directing mechanism which is capable of adjustment so as to guide

page_text: the sheet either to the accumulating or folding mechanism, as may be desired.
This sheet-directing mechanism, as here illustrated, is a switch d, but a swinging
tape frame may be employed.
not
As here shewn, the collecting mechanism consists of cylinders constructed and
arranged as shewn and described in a Patent granted to Duncan and Wilson. The
conveying tapes 32 run under a roller A**, which nips, detaches from the web if
completely severed by the cutters, and accelerates the sheets, and return over a
roller A, and the tapes 49 run under the roller A**, A, and return over a roller A10.
As the spur wheel on the shaft of the cutting cylinders is larger than the periphery
of the cutting cylinder, the tapes 32, 49, will be moved at a higher surface speed
than that of the cutting cylinders, thereby causing the rollers A**, A10, which
may be geared together and driven positively to operate as sheet nipping and
accelerating device. The folding mechanism is constructed as described in before-
mentioned Patent of Duncan and Wilson. This modification of the apparatus
may perform the operation set forth in paragraph (A.), by adjusting the cutting
blades so that only one will operate, separating the nipping rollers M, N, and setting
the switch in the position shewn in Fig. 32. The web will then be severed into
large size sheets, which when separated a distance apart by the nipping rollers M, N,
will be collected to the desired number upon the accumulating carrier, and delivered
in a single body therefrom, as in Fig. 31.
If half sheets are to be collected for flat delivery (which operation is described in
paragraph B.), then the second cutter, as at Fig. 32, is adjusted in operative
positions, and the nipping rollers M, N, are moved into surface contact. The web.
will then be divided into half size sheets, which when separated a distance apart by
the nipping rollers M, N, will be collected in two separate bodies, each occupying
nearly one-half the surface of the cylinder, which bodies of sheets may be separately
delivered to the fly frame 11; but in performing this operation the tapes and the
fly frame will require to be operated twice as often as in manipulating full sized
sheets.
If it is desired to deliver full sized sheets folded, as in the operations described in
paragraph (E.), then one cutter, the nipping rollers M, N, and switch d, are adjusted
as in Fig. 31, and the folding or creasing blade is adjusted in the cylinder, and the
grippers are thrown out of action, or they may be removed. The web will then be
severed into full size sheets, which will be separated a distance apart by the nipping
rollers A**, A10, and each sheet will be directed by the switch d and conductor to
the grippers, which will seize the sheet and convey it around with the cylinder B,
and will release it a moment before the folding or creasing blade doubles it upon a
central line into the grasp of the nippers of the cylinder B.
If it is desired to deliver half size sheets folded, both cutters and the nipping
rollers M, N, are brought into operation, and the folding or creasing blades are
properly adjusted. The web will then be severed into half size sheets, each sheet
will be advanced a distance by the nipping rollers M, N, the first sheet will be
seized by the grippers and folded by the folding blade; the second sheet will be
seized by the following grippers, and will be folded by the following folding blade.
The nipping device constituted by the rollers M, N, may be placed a proper
distance from the cutting cylinders to manipulate sheets one-third the size of the
large sheets.
In this case the cutting cylinders must have cutters adapted to
properly sever the web, and the gathering cylinder will have three points of
delivery. This accumulating cylinder might be provided with grippers, so as to
more positively manipulate the sheets, thus having one set for large sized sheets,
or with two sets of grippers, as in Fig. 31ª, Sheet XIII. And as the cylinder has
one point of reception for the sheets, and three points of delivery for the same, as
has been described, it may also be provided with folding mechanisms, and become a
combined accumulating and folding cylinder, as in Figures 31ª and 31b. As here
shewn, it is provided with two rotary folders c, cx, and with two sets of grippers
a, u*. One set of these grippers ax is made removable, so that a rotary folder.
as c**, may be set to operate in its bearings or both be rendered inactive, as has

page_text: been described. And this rotary folder c**, as well as those c, cx, will be provided
with actuating mechanisms, that may be thrown in and out of action and otherwise
operated as heren-after described, and according to the modes set forth in my
Patent, No. 4645, for 1876.
In this modification the tapes 32 are returned over one of the folding rollers b, b,
which rollers co-operate with the rotary folders when the operation of folding sheets
is performed, and the tapes 33 are made to swing as in the Patent No. 4654, for
1870. So modified, the apparatus may operate as herein-before described in para-
graphs (A.) and (B.), or as follows
(I.) Divide the web into full size sheets, and fold the same singly through the
folding rollers b, b.
(J.) Divide the web into half size sheets, and fold the same singly through the
folding rollers b, b.
(K.) Divide the web into full size sheets, collect or accumulate two or more such
sheets in a single body, and fold the same together through the rollers b, b.
(I.) Divide the web into half size sheets, collect two or more such sheets in two
distinct bodies, and fold each of these bodies of sheets through the rollers b, b.
To perforin the operation described in paragraph (A.), the mechanisms actuating
the rotary folders c, cx, grippers a*, and nipping rollers M and N, are adjusted so
that the mechanisms shall not operate, and the tapes 33 are kept in full contact
with the cylinder B. The apparatus then operates as before described in said
paragraph (A.), except that the heads of the sheets are herein controlled by the
grippers a.
To perform the operation described in paragraph (B.), the mechanisms actuating
the grippers a and a* and nipping rollers M and N are adjusted so that the grippers
and nipping rollers shall both operate, the rotary folders remaining inactive. The
apparatus then operates as described. in paragraph (B.), except that the heads of each
respective body of sheets are herein controlled by the grippers a and u*.
To perform the operation described in paragraph (I.), the grippers a* are removed,
and a rotating folder c** substituted for them, as in Fig. 31b, the rotary folders c
and c still remaining inactive, and the nipping rollers M, N, separated, and the
tapes 33 are rocked out of contact with the leading edge of the sheets. Each full
sheet then received upon the cylinder will be seized by the grippers a, and doubled
by the rotary folder cxx through the rollers b, b.
To perform the operation described in paragraph (J.), the grippers a* are replaced,
and the mechanisms actuating them, as well as the grippers a, and the rotary
folders c and c* are brought into operative positions, and the nipping rollers M, N,
are brought into operation. The small size sheets then received upon the cylinder
will be alternately seized by the grippers a and a*, and doubled through the
rollers b, b, by the rotary folders c and c*.
The
To perform the operation described in paragraph (K.), the mechanisms are adjusted
as in the operation described in paragraph (I.), except that the tapes 33 will be
automatically rocked into contact with the cylinder when the sheets are being
accumulated, and out of contact therewith when the same are being folded.
folder cx must be operated at every second, third, or whatever revolution of the
cylinder corresponds with the number of sheets to be collected or accumulated, and
will fold them together as one body through the rollers b, b.
To perform the operation described in paragraph (L.), the mechanisms are adjusted
as in the operation described in paragraph (J.). The grippers a and a* will then
operate successively to seize the incoming sheets, and the rotary folders cand c* will
be operated as described in paragraph (K.).
A transverse or longitudinal pasting mechanism may be combined with this
apparatus, as in the before-mentioned Patent, No. 46457, and either mechanism may
be adapted to apply paste to the full size sheets or to the half size sheets, as will be
hereafter explained in reference to Sheet XX.
It is obvious that the once folded sheet delivered from the rollers b, b, may be
conveyed to other folding mechanism if desired,

page_text: The object of the next part of the Invention is to receive, collect, and fold sheets
of paper with great rapidity, and, as their size is reduced by doubling, to reduce
their velocity in somewhat the same proportion, so that when they approach the
stop gauge, preparatory to being folded at right angles, their speed will be so slow
that they will strike it without boing buckled up or displaced, thus dispensing with
drop arms, revolving cams, lifting rollers, and other appliances now used for that
purpose.
In Sheet XIV. Fig. 33 shows two folding cylinders arranged a distance apart, so
that the front edge of the sheet will be caught by the second one an instant before
it is released by the first. Then the second cylinder B* may run much slower than
the first one B (say, at one-half the speed), as shown by the dotted gear, and as the
sheet (by being folded) is reduced one-half in size in the direction of its travel, the
second folding cylinder need be of only one-half the size of the first one; or
the two cylinders may be of the same size, the second one still running at only one-
half the speed of the first, but furnished with two folding blades; either plan will
fold the sheets as fast as they are received.
In Sheet XIV., Fig. 33° represents a somewhat similar apparatus. The sheets
may be fed to it by hand, but the apparatus is designed to be connected directly
with a printing press, and is particularly adapted to be applied to a rapidly
operating web perfecting printing machine. It consists of two folding cylinders B
and B*, one of which, B*, is about one-half of the diameter of the other one B,
and each are furnished with a set of grippers to seize the leading edge of the sheets,
and a rotating folding blade to fold the sheets into the nip of their respective folding
rollers.
The folding cylinder B has a toothed wheel (not shown in Drawing) secured to
its shaft, and the cylinder B* also has one of exactly the same size, and these two
are connected together by an intermediate wheel shown in dots, so that the two
cylinders run turu-for-turn; but as the cylinder B* is only about one-half the
diameter of the cylinder B it follows that its surface speed is only about one-half as
great.
The sheets as here shown are supplied by two series of conducting tapes, 32, 49,
which may receive them from the cutting cylinders of a web printing machine.
The tapes 32 pass partially over the folding carrier B, between the folding rollers
b, b, and return over a carrying roller to the cutting cylinders.
The companion set of tapes, 49, pass around the roller A10, and return likewise to
the cutting cylinders.
A third set of tapes, 33, pass around the lower folding roller b, and a roller A7,
near the folding cylinder B*, and a series of guide rods, 74, run just above these
tapes, from the upper folding roller & to and a little past the centre of the cylinder
B*, forming an open unobstructed passage between the tapes and rods sufficiently
large for the sheets to pass through freely from the cylinder B to the cylinder B*.
The sheets received from the tapes 32, 49, are seized by the grippers a and
carried onward until folded by the rotating blade c into the nip of the folding
rollers, b, b, and are propelled by these rollers, aided by the tapes 33, through the
open passage formed between these tapes and the guide bars, 74, until they are
seized by the grippers a of the cylinder B*, which happens an instant before the
tail end of the sheets leave the folding rollers, b, b, the cylinders B*, B, being placed
at the proper distance apart for this purpose. The sheets are in this way always
under control, and are now carried forward by the cylinder B* at a reduced speed,
and folded by the rotating blade c* into the nip of the folding rollers b¹, bi, on
issuing from which their speed is so reduced that they can run against the stop
gauge preparatory to being folded at right angles without danger of their being
buckled up or displaced. Sheets may thus be reduced in speed by every additional
fold in the same direction, and it may happen that by successive foldings they will
become so diminished in size as to make one or more of the folding cylinders incon-
veniently small. This can be obviated by making these folding cylinders of
enlarged size, as shown in Fig. 33b, in which the cylinder B* is double its former

page_text: size, but makes only one-half of a revolution to one of the cylinder B, as shown by
the dotted gear wheel, so that the relative surface speed of the two cylinders is
preserved. The cylinder B× is now provided with two sets of grippers, a, a*,
and
two rotating folding blades, c, cx, which, as the sheets are received from the cylinder
B, fold them in succession at the reduced speed into the nip of the folding
rollers, b¹, b¹.
It is often required that the doubled sheets should be cut apart so as to render
their inside more accessible. This is more easily done by not cutting the folded
sheets, but by cutting them into half sheets with the cutting cylinders of the
printing machine, and then collecting one half on the other, and folding them
together. An arrangement of this kind is shown at Fig. 33, where A represents
a collecting cylinder, and B a folding cylinder, both of the same diameter, but they
are so geared together by spur wheels, that the collecting cylinder makes two
revolutions to one of the folding cylinder, so that the latter runs at only one half
the surface speed of the former.
A switch 1 is placed between the cylinder A and between the roller A* *. A set
of tapes, 34, run from the roller A³ against the lower part of the cylinder A, around
the roller A. The switch 1 is rocked back and forth by a connecting rod, one end
of which is pivotted to an arm on the switch shaft, and the other end spans the
shaft of the cylinder B*. This connecting rod carries a friction roller, which runs
in the groove of a cam 12 on the end of the cylinder B*, and thus rocks the
points of the switch alternately into the, grooves of the roller A** and of the
cylinder A. Thus equipped this cylinder A will operate to receive and collect two
or more sheets, one upon the other, upon its periphery, until the pre-determined,
which in this instance is two, is collected, when they will be discharged in a body as
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to W. E. Newton, August 28th,
1872, No. 2561. The sheets thus discharged will be propelled by the tapes 32 and
cylinder A, aided by the tapes 33, into the open passage, until seized by the grip-
pers of the cylinder B, and folded into the rollers b, b, as above described.
It will be observed that the sheets enter the passage connecting the folding
cylinders at a certain rate of speed, and that they issue from it at about half that
speed, and this change of speed is permitted by the passage being made open and
unobstructed by any propelling device, so that the sheets are controlled mainly by
the propelling devices at each end of the passage.
In Fig. 33 two conducting guides 74 are shown between the two cylinders. In
Sheet XIV. the lower guide 74 is removed, and its place is occupied by the tape 33.
It will be evident that the upper guide 74 may, if desired, be removed, and its place
occupied by an extension on the tape 32 as indicated by the dotted line 32, in
Fig. 33
The web of paper may be cut into eight page sheets, and these sheets be folded
as heretofore explained. Or by the use of the additional cutter in the cutting
cylinder already mentioned the web may be cut into half or four page sheets, which,
by means of a swinging frame (carrying two half length sets of tapes) may be
delivered to a collecting cylinder and then piled flat, as shown and described in the
Specification of the Patent granted to me 26th July, 1876, No. 3019. Or the web
may be cut into eight-page sheets, which may be conveyed to a collecting device,
and piled flat, or by the additional cutter; the web may be cut into half sheets, and
these, by means of the swinging frame and half length tapes, may be conducted to a
folding device and be folded.
In all former constructions of sheet collecting, gathering, or accumulating
cylinders, directing and guard tapes have been so placed as to provide one point of
reception and one point of discharge for the sheets. Herein such sheet collecting,
gathering, or accumulating cylinder is provided with sets of tapes, which provide
one point of reception for the sheets and two points for the delivery of the same, as
in Figs. 8 and 9, Sheet III., and at Fig. 22, Sheet V. A set of tapes, 15, or other
sheet guard is therefore required between the two points of delivery.
In Sheets XIV. and XV., and at Fig. 38, Sheet I., are shown various arrangements

page_text: of mechanism adapted to the manipulation of the half and the full sized sheets,
Figs. 34, 35, Sheet XIV., are longitudinal sections showing the gathering incchanism
adapted to the manipulation of eight-page sheets, and the folding mechanism
adapted to the manipulation of half size or four-page sheets, the gathering
mechanism being shown as in operation in the former and the folding mechanism.
in the latter.
Figs. 36 and 37, Sheet XV., are similar views, showing a folding and a gathering
mechanism, each adapted to manipulate the same sized sheets, the folding mechanism
being in action in the former and the gathering mechanism in the latter.
The collecting cylinder A and its accessories may be arranged for the manipulation
of large size or eight-page sheets, and the rotating cylinder B and its accessories
may be arranged for the manipulation of the half size or four-page sheets.
Referring to Figures 34 and 35, Sheet XIV., the former shows the cutting.
cylinders H, H, with one cutting blade adjusted in place, by which the web will be
severed or partially severed into large size or 8-page sheets, which are delivered by
the carrying tapes 16, 17, which are hold in a directing frame to the tapes 18, 19,
which guide them to the collecting cylinder A. In this arrangement the tapes 18
will extend from the roller A¹ in contact with the surface of the collecting cylinder A,
around a roller 10, and return to the said roller A¹ over a carrying roller. The
tapes 19 will extend from the roller A² to a roller A³, and as this apparatus is
arranged to deliver sheets at the front side a third set of tapes 23 are stretched
from rollers A' to 21 and in contact with one side of the collecting cylinder A, thus
acting to hold the sheets upon the cylinder at that portion of its surface which lies
between the point of delivery and the point of reception of the sheets. Conductors 30
are also provided to aid in guiding the sheets on to the carrier from the point where
the tapes 19 pass on to the roller A³, and to hold the sheet or sheets on to the
cylinder from the point where the tapes 23 pass on to the roller A'.
The collecting cylinder A and its tapes and switch 1 and the fly 11 are operated
in substantially the same manner as that shown and described in my former Patent
before referred to.
Fig. 35 illustrates this same arrangement of apparatus with the tapes 16, 17,
adjusted so as to deliver the product of the printing machine to the folding
apparatus, which, in this instauce, is shown to be of a size adapted to the manipu-
lation of half size or four-page sheets, the cutting cylinder H having a second or
auxiliary cutting blade adjusted in place, so that in conjunction with the first
cutting blade and the slots in the female cutting cylinder H, it will properly divide
the web.
The folding mechanism is actuated and its mode of operation is substantially the
same as that herein-before described.
It is obvious that the folding and collecting apparatus may be adapted to the
manipulation of sheets of the same size, and this is shown in Figs. 36 and 37,
Sheet XV. In that case the male cutting cylinder (if of the proper size) will be
provided with but one cutting blade, and the partially severed web or severed sheet
will be conducted by the carrying tapes 16 and 17 to either the folding or collecting
or accumulating apparatus, as may be desired, according to the position in which
the directing frame carrying the tapes 16 and 17 is adjusted. In Fig. 36 it is
shown as delivering sheets to the folding apparatus, and in Fig. 19 to the collecting
apparatus.
In these illustrations motion is communicated to the cylinders A and B, and they
and their appurtenances are operated is in substantially the same manner as that
described in my Patent before referred to.
In Fig. 36 sheets are shown as being led on to the folding cylinder B from its
under side, a set of tapes 24 and a conductor 22 receiving them from the tape 16, 17,
and the collecting or accumulating apparatus is shown as delivering its sheet from
the inner side. These sheets are directed on to and off from the collecting cylinder A
by tapes 25, 26; the former, extending from a roller A', pass around the cylinder A
over a receiving cylinder 10, thence down before the fly frame 11, and return to

page_text: the roller A¹; the second set of tapes 26 extend from a roller A to a roller A³, and
move in contact with the upper surface of the receiving cylinder 10. A conductor 30
placed between the roller A² and the cylinder A aids the passage of the sheets on to
and around the collecting cylinder B. When the switch 1 is in the position shown
in Fig. 18 the sheets pass on to and around the cylinder A, and when the switch is
in the position shown in Fig. 19 the accumulated sheets will be directed over the
receiving cylinder 10 and down before the fly frame 11.
Another arrangement for flying full size sheets or folding full sized sheets is
shown at Fig. 38, Sheet I., in which there is a separate collecting and folding
cylinder, and a swinging frame fitted with tapes that will tear the sheets apart and
deliver them to either the collecting cylinder A to be flown, or to the folding
cylinder B to be folded, as may be desired, it being understood that in this case the
sheets to be flown or folded are of the same size.
In Figs. 34 to 38 inclusive the gear wheels necessary to impart motion to the
several devices are shown in dotted lines, and they, together with other parts
(corresponding with like parts shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive), are correspondingly
lettered in order that the operation of each modification may be readily understood.
In Fig. 34 and 35 the collecting cylinder A is shown as larger and the rotating
folding cylinder B as smaller than the cutting cylinders. Thus each has a greater
surface speed than the cutting cylinders, for the reason that the one through running
turn-for-turn with the cutting cylinders is of the greater diameter, and the other is
geared to run at double their speed. The web, if only partially severed, is thus
torn into sheets, which are separated a distance apart, or if the cutting cylinders
entirely sever the web the produced sheets are advanced so as to be separated one
from the other.
In Figs. 36 and 37 the carriers A, B, though running turn-for-turn with the
cutting cylinders are of a greater diameter, whereby the same effect is produced.
Sheets may be perforated across their margins by perforators in the cutting
cylinder, or by serrated folding blades, or in any other convenient manner, and
then, when folded on the lines of perforation, the leaves can be easily separated
by hand.
Figs. 39 and 40, Sheet V., are side and sectional views of a rotating folding
cylinder fitted with a serrated folding blade.
Figs. 41 and 42 are front and side views of a vibrating serrated folding blade,
and Fig. 43 is an enlarged view of a portion of a blade, shewing the depth of the
perforations, and the gaps or blanks left in the serrated edge.
It will be seen that when the blade c of the folding cylinder B forces the sheets
into the folding device, the serrated edge of the blade will at the same time per-
forate it, and the line of perforation will always be exactly on the line of the fold,
which is not effected with certainty when perforated at or by the perforating blades
of the cutting cylinder, as shewn and described in the Patent granted to me, dated
November 30, 1876, No. 4645. The gaps in the perforating folding blade are made
to about two-thirds the depth of the tooth, they form blunt parts that will ensure
the paper being forced into the folding device and prevent the teeth penetrating too
deeply into the sheet or sheets of paper and cutting it entirely in two. This
improvement in perforating in the line of the fold is applicable to other construc-
tions of folding cylinders.
Figs. 44 and 45 show the serrated folding blade, as applied to a folding cylinder,
constructed in the manner described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
Duncan and Wilson, above referred to.
Another modification of the Invention is shewn in Sheets XVI., XVII., XVIII.,
XIX., and consists in a mechanism for gathering or accumulating sheets, and a
mechanism for folding sheets, which mechanisms are so arranged and combined that
the apparatus may operate,
1st. To accumulate any desired number of sheets and deliver the same flat as a
single pack.
2nd. To fold each successive sheet

page_text: 3rd. To accumulate two or more successive sheets and fold the same one within
the other as a single pack.
In this modification of the Invention, the rotating cylinder for collecting the
sheets and the rotating folding cylinder are constructed similar to those described
with reference to Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet III. The Drawings illustrating this part of
the Invention also shew a modification of the cross folding described and shewn in
Sheets I. and II.
Fig. 46, Sheet XVI., is a left-hand side elevation of a folding machine; and
Fig. 47 is a right-hand side elevation.
Fig. 48, Sheet XVII., is a front end elevation; Fig. 49 is a rear end elevation,
Fig. 50 is a partial plan, and Fig. 51 a partial elevation showing the sheet-lifting
apparatus.
Fig. 52 is an elevation of the folding and receiving rollers; and Fig. 53, a left-
hand end view of the gearing for delivering the same.
Fig. 54, Sheet XVIII., is a view of a portion of the apparatus shewing the
devices in the position they would assume to perform the operation of gathering.
Fig. 55 is a sectional view taken through the cylinders or carriers A and B,
and shewing the parts in the position they would assume during the sheet-flying
operation.
Figs. 56 and 57 are views of the gripper cams detached.
Figures 58, 59, 60, and 61 are diagrams shewing the operation of the rotary
folders.
Figures 62, 63, 64, and 65, Sheet XIX., are longitudinal sections shewing the
mechanisms in different positions, and illustrating the operations of folding both
single and double sheets.
The collecting cylinder A is mounted in the framework at the entrance end of
the apparatus, and is provided with a toothed wheel 27, by which it is geared to a
similar wheel 28 fast on the shaft of the rotating folding cylinder B. Rotary
motion is imparted to these cylinders A and B by means of a toothed wheel 29
made fast upon the shaft of the cylinder A, and geared with the toothed periphery
of a cam wheel 30, which derives motion from a driving pinion 31.
This cylinder
or carrier A is furnished with a set of tapes 32 stretched over rollers A*, A*,
at its upper side, with a set of tapes 33 stretched over rollers A¹ and A³ at its
front side, and with a set of tapes 34 stretched over rollers A³, A', at its rear side,
which tapes are driven by means of toothed wheels mounted on the shaft of the
tape rollers and gearing with the toothed wheel 27 (see Figs. 21 and 22). The space
between the rollers A2 and A³ constitutes one point of delivery of the sheets from
this carrier and is occupied by the switches 8 which are keyed fast upon a shaft
alternately rocked to move them into the position shewn in Figs. 54 and 55,
Sheet XVIII, their heels and toes playing in grooves in the cylinder A.
Their
operating mechanism consists of a rocking arm 35 and a rod 36, which is bifurcated
to embrace the shaft G, and carries a stud or friction roller which enters the cam
groove in the cam wheel F.
The space between the roller A* and A* constitutes another point of delivery
of the sheets from the cylinder where the grippers of the carrier release the sheets,
and the grippers of the cylinder B seize them, which operation will be herein-after
explained. This cylinder A is also provided with a set of grippers a fast upon a
shaft hung in a recess running longitudinally therein, and near its periphery, which
grippers are held close by a spring-seated rod A, connected with their rocking arm.
They are operated at the proper time (to receive the incoming sheets) by means of a
stationary cam a fast to the framework, and at the proper point to release the
same for delivery to the fly frame 11 by another part of the stationary cam a², and
they are also opened to release sheets for delivery to the grippers of the cylinder B
by the arm a³ of a rocking cam A5, when the same is properly adjusted, as will be
explained, which movements of the grippers are accomplished by means of a stud or
friction roller a³, carried by their rocking arm, which, as the carrier A revolves
comes against the cam faces of the stationary cam a² and the cam arm a³.

page_text: The point of entrance for the sheets to this carrying cylinder A is between the
rollers A and A', where a guard a is placed to aid in guiding them.
In order that this carrying cylinder may perform the operation of accumulating
many sheets the rocking cam A5 is fixed in the position shown in Figs. 54 and 55,
where its arm a³ is out of line of the path of travel of the stud or roller on the
rocking arm of the grippers a. These grippers will then be operated by the cam
faces a only. This adjustment of the rocking cam is effected by means of a screw
a (see Fig. 56), which protrudes through a hole in the side frame and enters a hole
(see Fig. 56) in the cain, which is dropped into its lowermost position to receive
the screw.
With the mechanisms thus adjusted, the carrier A will operate to receive a sheet
between its surface and that of the roller A*, where being nipped by the tapes 32
and grippers a, it will be drawn on to the surface of the carrier, and travel around
with it.
The grippers a will be operated at the proper time by the cam a², in order to
open and seize the leading edge of the sheet which has thus entered upon the
carrier. It will then be clamped thereon and carried around with the cylinder.
When one revolution of this cylinder or carrier has been effected the grippers a will
again be open to receive the next incoming sheet and closed to clamp its leading
edge upon that of the first, and during the second revolution of the carrier the
second sheet will be laid on the first upon the carrier, and the two sheets will
thus be accumulated. Though the grippers a are opened by the cams of one of
the faces of the cam a² during each revolution of the carrier, the sheets will be held
securely thereon by means of the tapes 32, 33, and 34, thus permitting the grippers
a to open without disturbing the position of the sheets.
This operation may be repeated until three, four, or any other desired number of
sheets are received and accumulated upon this carrier, which number (4 in the
present instance) is determined by the proportion of the toothed wheel 29 to the
cam wheel F.
When the predetermined number of sheets have thus been accumu-
lated, the cam groove 1 of the cam wheel F will, through the rod 36, rock the toes
of the switches 8 into the groove of the carrier A, as in Fig. 55, in which position
they intercept the leading edges or heads of the sheets which are released from the
grippers a at this point by means of the cam face a², and will guide the sheets in a
single body off from the carrier and direct them over the roller A³, with which the
front edges of the switches coincide, and down before the fly frame 11, which may
be vibrated by any common mechanism so as to deliver the sheet in a single mass
and flat upon a piling table. When the tails of these sheets pass off from the
carrier A, the switches 8 will be automatically returned to the position shewn in
Fig. 29, and the operation repeated.
The cylinder or carrier B, illustrated in Figs. 46, 55, 57, and 59, is of twice of the
diameter of the accumulating carrier A, and is provided with two sets of grippers a,
whereby it is adapted to carry two sheets upon its surface, and with two rotary
folders c, c, each having two folding blades.
The grippers a, a, are mounted upon shafts set in recesses at opposite points in
the carrying cylinder, and are held closed by means of spring-seated rods 37 and 38
fast to crank arms which carry studs or rollers; these grippers are opened to receive
the sheets by means of the arm a' of the cam A5, with which the studs or rollers of
the end of the crank arm comes into contact when the cam is in proper position, as
in Sheets XVI., XVIII., XIX., and these grippers are opened to release the sheets
by contact of the studs or rollers with the stationary cam B¹, Sheets XVI. and
Sheet XVIII.
The rotary folders c, c, are hung upon shafts journalled in the heads of the
carrier B, occupying recesses cut at opposite points in the carrier, which shafts
project beyond one head of the carrier, where they are provided with arms carrying
studs or rollers. These folders are caused to make semi-revolutions, and thus to
alternately protrude the folding blades beyond the carrier and between the folding
rollers b, b, by means of the flying cams I, I, and a stationary cam I². These flying

page_text: cams are upon a common shaft, which carries a toothed wheel 39, meshing with a
similar wheel 40, made fast upon the shaft of the rotating carrier B, and they thus
constantly revolve in unison and makes equal turns with the carrier B, but in a
contrary direction. The stationary cam I is fastened to the side frame, and co-
operates with flying cams. The folding rollers b, b, which are placed at one side of
this rotating carrier B, are geared together by equal sized toothed wheels 4¹ fast to
their right-hand ends, and are driven in unison with the carrier B by means of the
one which meshes with the toothed wheel 28, which is fast upon the shaft of the
carrier B (see Figs. 49, 52, and 53). Thus equipped, a sheet received upon this
carrier B, and clamped thercon by means of the grippers, say a* (as in Fig. 58, 59),
will be laid upon its surface, and carried around with carrying cylinder. During a
part rotation of this cylinder the centre of the sheet will have been moved nearly in
front of the folding rollers b, b, and the flying cams I, I, will have so far rotated in
an opposite direction as to bring one of them (say I) into proximity to the lower
part of the female cam I, in which position it will meet one of the studs or rollers
on the forward arm of one of the rotary folders c, and cause it to follow against the
curved surface of the flying cam I and the lower part of the stationary cam I². In
consequence of these moveinents the flying cam will form, in connection with the
lower part of the stationary cam, a channel or way which guides each stud or roller
in turn into the lowermost part of the stationary cam, thus rotating the folder C
and projecting one of its blades beyond the periphery of the carrier B and between
the folding rollers b, b. The grippers c* having (an instant before this projection of
the blade) been caused to release their hold upon the sheet by contact of the stud
or roller on their rocking arm with the cain a (see Fig. 59), the sheet will be
doubled between and nipped by the folding rollers b, b, and carried between them
by their rotation as the cylinder continues to revolve, during which movements the
point of the flying cam will pass the inner side of the stud or roller, and form, in
conjunction with the upper portion of the stationary cam, a channel or way which
will guide the stud or roller rearward, and cause it to move the folding blade
inwardly (as in Fig. 61) until it reaches its former position in the recess in the
cylinder, where a spring c² holds it in place ready to be again actuated by the cams.
The cylinder B will thus have made one-half of a revolution and the grippers a**
will in their turn have received a sheet from the cylinder A (as in Fig. 61), which
sheet during the next half revolution of the cylinder D will be manipulated as was
the former.
The sheets carried through the folding rollers b, b, emerge therefrom once folded,
and may be carried by tapes or other conducting mechanism to a piling table, or
may be delivered to mechanisms for imparting to them one or more additional parallel
or cross folds.
If these sheets are to be again folded it is preferable (in consequence of the high
speed at which this apparatus is adapted to run) to convey the once folded sheets to
separate folding apparatuses.
One mode of effecting this is illustrated, and is similar to the cross folding
mechanism shewn and described in the Specification of the Patent granted to me,
July 26th, 1876, No. 3019. It consists of two diverging conducting channels d', d',
the exterior members of which are formed by stationary plates. The interior
members of these conducting channels are formed by a switch d, consisting of
two plates attached at nearly right angles to each other upon rocking arms made
fast upon a shaft d²; this shaft is rocked by means of an arm at the outside end of
the shaft and a connecting rod 3, which is bifurcated so as to extend across the
shaft G; this connecting rod carries a stud or friction roller, which enters the
groove f in the cam wheel F; this switch & will thus be moved so that its point is
nearly in contact with one or the other of the folding rollers b, b, when it will con-
duct the sheets either to the lower or to the upper pairs of receiving rollers e, e, e¹ e¹ ;
these receiving rollers are provided with tapes e³, es, which run out over pairs of
folding rollers, f, through which, by means of a vibrating folding blade e, a second
fold at right angles to the first may be imparted to the sheets.

page_text: One such folding apparatus only is shewn, the second being placed, as described,
under the Patent before mentioned.
These receiving rollers e¹, el, are driven by means of a toothed wheel 42, see
Fig. 28, Sheet IX., on the left-hand end of the shaft of the lower folding roller b (see
Figs. 46, 52, 53), which toothed wheel 42 gears through an idle wheel with a toothed
wheel 43 on a shaft of one of the receiving rollers e¹, these rollers being geared
together by toothed wheels on their right-hand end, so as to revolve in unison. The
gearing is such as to reduce the speed of the receiving rollers to about one-half that
of the folding rollers b, b.
The folding blade e is mounted upon a shaft J, to which motion is imparted by
means of a rocking arm held in constant contact with a cam j by means of a spring.
This cam jis made fast upon a longitudinal shaft J', which latter is driven by bevil
wheels 44, one of which is made fast upon the end of the main or cam shaft G, and
the folding blade e' is then caused to make one stroke to each second revolution of
the rotating carrier.
The divided folding rollers ff, and f*, f*, are upon common shafts, geared together
so as to run in unison, and are driven by means of a toothed wheel 45 carried by
one of their shafts, and a train of gear wheels 46 connected with a toothed wheel 47
mounted on the shaft J.
The shaft carrying one of each of these pairs of folding rollers f,f*, is arranged
so as to move towards and from the shaft carrying the companion rollers, and is
acted upon by springs.
Any mechanism for connecting this apparatus with a printing machine (whereby
the products of the latter may be directed into it) may be employed. One such
mechanism is shewn in Fig. 65.
In Sheets XX., XXI., and XXII., are shewn various improvements in portions of
the folding machinery, and also modifications in the constructions herein-before
described.
Fig. 66, Sheet XX., is a longitudinal section shewing a mode of attaching the
folding mechanism to a "web perfecting" printing press and providing it with a
pasting apparatus.
Fig. 67 shews a rear elevation of the pasting apparatus taken on the line a, a, of
Fig. 41, and a plan view of the driving train.
Figs. 68, 69, and 70, Sheet XX., are modifications wherein a vibrating switch and
grippers are arranged to transfer the sheets from one cylinder to the other.
Figs. 71, 72, Sheet XXI., are views shewing in three positions a further modifi-
cation wherein the cylinders A and B are of the same size, and are arranged so as to
deliver sheets direct from one to the other by means of grippers, solely in the manner
described in reference to Fig. 4, Sheet III.
Figs. 74, 75, and 76, Sheet XXII., are views of a further inodification, wherein
the cylinders A and B are separated a distance apart, with a sheet-conducting
mechanism interposed between them in the manner described with reference to
Fig. 33, Sheet XIV.
Fig. 77 shews the switch 67 and pressure roller Aº detached.
Figs. 78, 79, and 80, Sheet XXII., show a further modification, wherein the
separated cylinders A and B are of the same size, and have a shect-conducting
mechanism interposed between them.
Figs. 81 and 82, Sheet XXII., are longitudinal sections shewing a modification
of the cylinder B somewhat similar to that shewn in the diagram, Fig. 22ª,
Shoet III.
The cutting cylinders H, H', therein shewn are supposed to be at the delivery
end of a web projecting printing machine, and they are geared together, and also to
one of the driving toothed wheels of the printing machine. Motion is imparted to
the cylinder or carrier A by a train of gear wheels from the toothed wheel on the
cutting cylinder H. By this arrangement of gearing the cylinder A; cutting
cylinders H, H', and the printing cylinders (not shown), are caused to run turn-for
turn with each other. .

page_text: The tapes 32 are extended so as to run over rollers A*, situated near the cutting
cylinders. A fourth set of tapes 49 are also stretched between the rollers A, Aº,
and are run in unison by means of gear wheels, which connect the rollers A* and A®
together, and are driven by the roller A*, which is geared to the toothed wheel 27,
as before described. These tapes serve to receive the sheets from the cutting
cylinders and to conduct the same to the grippers of the cylinder A. The cutter h
will generally be arranged to partially sever the web, though if preferred it may
completely divide it. And as the cylinder A is somewhat larger than the cutting
cylinders, it follows that when the end of the web is seized by the grippers
and the nip of the tapes 32 on the cylinder A, its speed will be accelerated,
whereby the web will be separated at the line of partial severance so as to form
a sheet, which sheet (or one formed by the complete cutting of the web by
the cylinders H, H¹) will be carried onward rapidly enough to separate its rear
end from the forward end of the web or succeeding sheet as at Thus sheets
delivered to the cylinder A will be separated a distance apart, which provides a
space between the heads and tails of the sheets, which space between such sheets as
are accumulated upon the cylinder A is occupied by the grippers-a, and provides for
the operation of the switches 8. This space (caused by the separation of the sheets)
also provides for the perfect operation of the grippers of the cylinder B.
When two sheets are to be associated together, as already described, they may, if
desired, be caused to adhere to each other by giving to one of them a longitudinal
or transverse line of paste by means of the apparatuses shewn and described in the
Specification of the Patent granted to me Nov. 30, 1876, No. 4045.
A modified form of such pasting apparatus is shewn in Figs. 66 and 67,
Sheet XX., and consists of a revolving paste blade that alternately comes in
contact with a slow running roller K¹ in the paste fountain to receive a charge
of paste, and with, say the centre margin of a fast-running sheet, to which the pasto
is applied transversely. The motion of the paste blade should coincide with the
speed of each of these sheets of paper while in contact with them.
To effect this the paste-blade shaft (to which the blade is attached by means of
arms) is driven by the well-known differential movement, in which the axis of the
driver (which in this case is the wheel 50), is placed parallel with, but excentrically
to the axis of the driver, which is the paste blade /. As paste is to be applied only
to the alternate sheets, the paste blade need inake but one revolution to each second
sheet that passes, and this is effected in the manner described under the before-
mentioned Patent.
The train of wheels 48, which connect the cutting cylinders with the cylinder A,
are all of the same size as the cylinder, and run turn-for-turn with it, and of course
their peripheries travel at the same speed as the periphery of the cylinder and the
sheet which it grasps. The second wheel from the cutting cylinder H' carries on
its shaft another wheel of the same size (see Fig. 67). This wheel gears into and
drives the wheel 50, which is of twice its size. The periphery of this wheel 50 will
therefore travel at the same speed as the sheets, and will make but one revolution
to each second sheet that passes. It has fixed in it a crank pin just half way
between its periphery and its centre, and which will thus travel at but half the
speed of the sheets. This crank pin works in a slotted lever secured to the outer
end of the paste blade shaft. This will cause the edge of the pasting blade to travel
at that time at twice the speed of the crank pin, that is, at the same speed as the
sheet with which it is at that time in contact, and will thus apply its line of paste.
As the wheel 50 continues to revolve, and brings the paste blade round under the
paste-supplying roller, the crank pin will on account of the excentricity of their
axis run out to the extreme outer end of the slotted lever, and thus cause the paste
blade to move at a very slow speed at that point. The paste blade is thus brought
into contact with and receives a charge of paste from the paste roller, and during this
time.a second sheet will have passed by the pasting apparatus. The paste roller
may be driven in any convenient manner, but must move at the same speed as the
paste blade while the two are in contact.

page_text: The paper while being pasted is supported by a roller having a longitudinal
groove in its surface.
The roller is shewn in this case as being just one-fourth the
size of one of the wheels 48 which drives it, and the paste blade will thus always
strike over the groove, so that when from any cause there is no sheet upon it to
receive the paste the roller will not be smeared. The paste blade is cut away, as
at, so as to span the tapes 32, 49, and thus neither apply paste to them nor cut
them. The tapes 32, after passing over the roller A*, run up over a friction roller,
and so on to the other roller A*, and thus entirely escape the pasting apparatus.
The first sheet receiving its line of paste will be carried around upon the surface of
the carrier A, and will receive the second or unpasted sheet upon it, which two
sheets thus associated together (in manner heretofore explained) may be delivered
to the carrier B to be folded, as in Figs. 64, 65, 72, 73, 75, 78, and 57; or one or
more pairs of sheets thus pasted and associated may be delivered flat from the
cylinder A by the switches 8 and fly frame 11, as in Figs. 55 and 76.
To adapt the apparatus so that it will fold each successive sheet received from
the printing machine, or otherwise delivered to the grippers of the cylinder A, the
part A of the cam, shewn detached at Figs. 56, is fixed in its highest position by
inserting its holding screw as, as before described, when its armi a' will open the
grippers a×, ax, as their rocking arms come in contact with it, and its arm a³ will
in like manner operate the grippers a.
In order that this operation of the apparatus may be clearly understood the
sheets illustrated as undergoing manipulation are alternately marked Y and Z.
Each sheet received is directed by the tapes on to the cylinder A, where its leading
edge will seized and as it enters upon the same by the grippers a operated by the
cam a to open and receive the leading end of the sheet, as in Fig. 58, and closed
to clamp the same upon the cylinder, as in Fig. 63. Thus seized and held back by the
grippers the sheets will be caused to travel around with the carrier until a point is
reached between the rollers A*, Ax, where the cylinder is nearest in contact with
the cylinder B, when she grippert a* of the cylinder b, which have been opened as
they move into position to intercept the leading edge of the sheet (as in Fig. 63) by
means of the arm of the cain A5 with which the stud or roller on the rocking arm
of the grippers engages will close and seize the edge of the sheet as the stud or
roller passes off the cam arm A³, as in Fig. 62. This is accomplished an instant
before the stud or roller as on the shaft rocking arm of the grippers a comes into
contact with the arm 3 of the cam A5, as in Fig. 63, and is thereby operated to
open the grippers and release the sheet, as in Fig. 62. The cylinder A thus
operates simply as a means for conveying the sheets it receives to the cylinder B.
The sheets thus transferred from the grippers a of the cylinder A to the grippers a*
of the cylinder B will be carried around thereby as the rotation of both cylinders
proceeds. The sheet Y thus held will be laid on the surface of the cylinder B so as to
cover the rotary folder C, as in Figs. 58 and 63, and will be carried onward with the
cylinder. As the centre of the sheet approaches the point occupied by the folding
rollers b, b, the stud or roller on the forward arm of the rotary folder will come into
contact with the front side of the flying cam I, which is moving in concert with the
cylinder B, and be thereby caused to follow the surface of the lower half of the
stationary cam 12, whereby the folding blade C rocking with its shaft will be moved
outward from the cylinder, and entered between the folding rollers b, b, carrying
with it the sheet Y, which will thereby be doubled into the rollers, which will nip
its doubled edge, as in Fig. 60, an instant before this movement of the folding
blade is commenced; the stud or roller on the rocking arm of the grippers a* will
(by engaging with the can a³) open the grippers and release the leading edge of the
sheet. The point of the flying cam I then passes over the stud on the arm of the
folding blade, and by means of its rear side and the upper surface of the stationary
cam 1 will guide the folding blade inward to its former but reversed position in the
recess in the cylinder (see Fig. 62), where it remains antil again operated by the
flying and stationary cams.
The next sheet Z entered upon the cylinder A will be seized by its grippers a, as

page_text: in Fig. 63, delivered to the grippers a* of the cylinder B, be thereby carried around
with the cylinder, and doubled into the nip of the folding rollers b, b, by the blade
of the rotary folder cx in like manner as was the preceding sheet Y.
It will be observed that the rotary folders c*, cx, are each made double, that is,
provided with two folding, blades, and hence when one blade cx makes a half
revolution in the operation of folding, its companion c* is brought into the foremost
position, and will be the next of this pair to bo projected in the folding operation;
also that one, I, of the flying cams always operates the blades of the rotary
folder c*, and the other flying cam I always operates the blades of the rotary
folder cxx. This construction is a desirable one, but the number of rotary folders,
and flying cams, and the means for and mode of their operation may be varied, as
will herein-after appear.
The sheets emerging from the folding rollers b, b, will be directed by the con-
ducting channels d', d, to the upper set of receiving rollers e, e, or to the lower
set el, el, according as the switch & may be moved into position with the lower
folding roller bor the upper folding roller b.
As the rotating cylinder B and the rotary folders it carries are adapted to run at
high speed, it is necessary when the sheets folded thereby through the rollers b, b,
are to be further manipulated by vibrating folders, that they shall be conducted to
two such mechanisms or to such other number of vibrating folders as shall have a
capacity equal to the manipulation of the number of sheets which the cylinder, its
rotary folders, and co-operating devices will produce.
The machine illustrated provides for the folding of four sheets by such vibrating
folding blades, two only of which are shewn, namely, those to which the receiving
rollers e¹, e, conduct the sheets; it being understood, as before explained, that the
receiving rollers e, e, conduct them to a similar folding mechanism.
The switch d is vibrated once during each revolution of the cylinder B, and
having been moved into the position shewn in Fig. 62 to direct two successive
sheets Y, Z, to the receiving rollers c¹, c¹, will be moved into the position shown in
Fig. 63, to direct the succeeding pair of sheets Y, Z, to the delivering rollers e, e,
then returning to the position, Fig. 62, will direct the following pair to the
rollers el, el, and so on.
In the arrangement in Sheet XIX., where two successive sheets Y, Z, are to be
directed onwards over two sets of folding rollers as f, f*, and simultaneously folded
through the same by a single folding blade, as e, it is necessary to provide inde-
pendent stops which shall register the foremost sheet over the folding rollers f and
the rearmost sheet over the folding rollers f*.
In order that the movement of the sheet Y which is to be folded through the
folding rollers may not be impeded by the stop D, which arrests the sheet Y in
register over the folding rollers fx, an uninterrupted path of travel for the sheet Z
to the folding rollers fx must be provided. This is done as is shewn in Figs. 46,
47, 50, 51, and 62, by. means of a lifting rod L (which will preferably carry a
roller), hung in arms fast on a shaft, which is rocked by means of another arın
and a connecting rod, which is reciprocated at proper intervals by a cam F fixed
on the shaft G, and which cam thus makes one revolution to every four sheets
received on the cylinder A. As the leading sheet Y of the pair conducted through the
channel is emerging from the rollers e, e', the lifting rod L is caused to rise and
elevate the tapes 51, 52, to a position above the stop D, thus providing an unin-
terrupted path of travel for the sheet to its position against the stop C and over the
folding roller, us in Fig. 62. When the tail of this sheet Y has passed the stop D.
the lifting rod L is dropped, so as to lower the tapes into the position shewn in
Fig. 63, whereby the second sheet Z will be directed against the stop D over the
folding rollers f*.
As the once folded sheets emerge from between the folding rollers b, b, they
occupy but one-half the space in the direction of their line of travel that they did
before being folded, and consequently there will be a great space between them. The
first sheet Y of the pair will upon being nipped between the receiving rollers e¹, e¹,.

page_text: take up their reduced motion, and thus travel more slowly than while passing
between the folding rollers b, b. This movement of it will be such that it will
have passed nearly through the rollers e¹, e', when the head of the next sheet Y
is emerging from the folding rollers b, b, and the two will thus be separated a
considerable distance apart. But as sheet Z continues to be moved slowly by the
action of the rollers e', e¹, while the sheet Y is moved rapidly by the rollers b, b,
it follows that the sheet Y will gain on the sheet Z, so that when the former reaches
the rollers e¹, el, and takes their speed of travel, these sheets will be separated no
further apart than is necessary to permit the proper action of the devices in
delivering the sheet Z over the rollers and the sheet Y over the rollers f*, and
register them against their respectives stops D, C, at about the same instant.-
The two sheets Z, Y, will thus be independently adjusted over the folding
rollers f, f, through which they may be simultaneously folded by the folding
blade ex, as in Fig. 63. Thus the sheets from the printing machine will be received
by the grippers of the cylinder A, seized thereby and delivered to the grippers of
the cylinder B, carried thereby into proper position before the folding rollers b, b,
folded by the folding devices of the cylinder B into the nip of these folding rollers,
and delivered therefrom in a once folded condition. And if the devices for their
subsequent manipulation are such as shewn, these folded sheets will be conducted
two by two alternately to separate vibrating folding devices and be a second time
folded on lines at right angles to their first fold.
In delivering mechanism for printing machines which impart folds to the sheets
it is a desideratum to fold two or more sheets, one within the other, in order that
sheets constituting the outside and inside pages of a complete newspaper or book
signature shall be associated before their primary fold is made.
This apparatus may have its mechanisms so adjusted that the cylinder A will
accumulate two or more sheets before delivering the same to the grippers of the
cylinder B. To accomplish this the cam A5, which in the last described adjustment
and operation of the apparatus, was fixed in the stationary position shewn in Sheets
XVI., XVIII., and XIX., by the set screw a", is released so as to be capable of
rocking on its shaft a. A rocking arm as, fast on the shaft a', is attached to a rod
a, which is operated by an excentric B3 on the shaft of the cylinder B, as in Figs.
64 and 65. The cain As is thus caused to rock at each revolution of the cylinder B,
thus moving its arms a³, a, alternately into the positions shewn in the Figs. 64, 65.
In the latter the arm a is in the position where it intercepts and operates the
rocking arm of the grippers ax, axx, and the arm a³ is in the position where
it intercepts and operates the rocking arm of the grippers a, while in Fig. 64 the
arms are shewn as rocked into the position where they are out of the path of travel
of the rocking arms of the grippers. Thus arranged the grippers a of the cylinder
A will seize the first incoming sheet and carry the same on its surface around with
it, as in Fig. 64, and as the arms a³, a', of the cam A will (during this revolution
of the cylinder A) have been rocked into the position therein shewn, the grippers &
will not be opened to deliver this sheet to the grippers of the cylinder B, neither
will these latter be open to receive it, but it will be carried around with the
cylinder A until the grippers a are opened by the cam a² at the proper time to
receive the second incoming sheet, which, overlying the first (now held upon the
cylinder A, by the tapes 33, 34, 32), will be seized by the grippers, and the two
sheets will be carried onward by them as was the first sheet. The two sheets thus
laid one upon the other will have their leading edges. released by the grippers a and
delivered to the grippers a**, as has been described with reference to the manipula-
tion of single sheets, the cam A having during the second revolution of the
cylinder A been rocked so as to bring the arms a, a³, into the position shewn in
Fig. 65 to operate these grippers. The two sheets thus associated and held by the
grippers axx of the cylinder B are carried around with it, released by the grippers,
folded together through the folding rollers b, b, by the rotary folder c*, and delivered
by these rollers out of the machine in a once folded condition, or to the auxiliary
folding devices to be again folded in manner similar to that described with referenco -

page_text: to single sheets. In thus manipulating the sheets by the apparatus adjusted, as in
Figs. 64, 65, it is to be observed that one set of grippers u are inoperative, and that
one rotary folder c operates idly.
Three, or even a greater number of sheets, may be thus accumulated upon the
cylinder A, and delivered simultaneously to the cylinder B, to be folded together,
by providing the apparatus with a mechanism which will reciprocate the rod a³
once to each three or more revolutions of the cylinder A.
The lifting rod L may be rendered inactive during this operation, if desired, by
securing it in its lowest position by means of a screw protruding through a hole 1*
in the side frame, and entering a hole 15 in the connecting rod f2, and the switches
8 may be thrown out of action by disconnecting their actuating rod 36 from the
rocking arm 35.
When the apparatus is arranged to deliver the sheets flat by means of the accu-
mulating cylinder, the vibrating folding mechanism may be thrown out of action if
desired by unloosening the screw, which fastens the shaft ; to the coupling, and.
sliding the shaft endwise. And by sliding the wheel 27 on the shaft of the cylinder
A endwise, out of gear with the wheel 28, which drives the cylinder B, this latter
will stand idly during the time when the apparatus is adjusted to accumulate the
sheets for flat delivery.
While it is desirable to provide the collecting cylinder A with grippers in order to
secure great accuracy in the manipulation of the sheets, the grippers may be dis-
pensed with as in the modifications, Sheets XX., XXI., XXII. In the modification
shewn at Sheet XX. the cylinder B is provided with rotary folders a, a*, and
grippers c, cx, as before, and the cylinder A has the guard 53, and tapes 32, 54,
arranged as in Fig. 68, and is also supplied with a set of tapes 33 stretched from
the roller A' to the roller A', thus extending over about one-half of the periphery of
the cylinder. Guards 51 are fixed so as to protrude beyond the roller A* nearly to
the point of contact of the cylinders A, B, and a switch 54 hung on a shaft between
the cylinders is arranged to be rocked from the position shewn in Fig. 68 to that
shewn in Fig. 69, by means of a rocking arm, whose stud or roller 55 runs in a
cam groove 56, of a cam wheel fixed upon the shaft of the cylinder B. This rocking
arm is fast upon a shaft 57, journalled in the framework, and carrying a rocking
arm 58, which is connected by a rod 59 with a rocking arm 60 fixed to the shaft of
the switches 54, as in Fig. 69. This shaft 57 also carries a rocking arm 61, which
supports at its end a cam 62, which is arranged to intercept the rocking arms of the
grippers a*, axx, and thus open the grippers to receive the sheets and close the same
to clamp the shects upon the cylinder B.
As the cain groove 56 is arranged so as to hold the switches 54 and cam 62 in the
positions shewn in Fig. 69 during one half of its rotation; and during the other half
of its rotation to sustain the devices in the positions shewn in Fig 70, and as the
cylinder A makes two revolutions to one of the cylinder B, it follows that the first
sheet received by the cylinder A will be guided around the same by means of the
switches 54, which stand with their toes entering grooves in the cylinder B, and
with their inner sides coinciding with the periphery of the cylinder A, as in Fig.
69. When the head of the sheet thus carried around the cylinder A reaches the
entrance point, a second sheet will be received on the first upon the cylinder and
travel with it. At this time the cylinder B will have so far rotated as to cause the
cam groove 56 to rock the switches 54 and the cam 62 into the positions shewn in
Fig. 70, where the toes of the switches will have entered the groove in the cylinder
A so as to intercept the sheets and guide the same on to the cylinder B. This
movement also brings the cam 62 into position to intercept the rocking arm of the
grippers axx, and cause them to open to receive the heads of the two sheets, close
and clamp the same on to the cylinder B, and convey them between the rotary
folder ex, and folding rollers b, b, to be folded and delivered as herein-before
described. The next succeeding two sheets associated together by the collecting
cylinder A will be delivered to the cylinder B by the switches 54 seized by the

page_text: gripper axx, and folded in like manner, as were the first two sheets, the grippers a*
being inoperative, and the rotary folder c operating idly, as herein-before described.
This modified form of the apparatus may be adapted to fold each successive
sheet by removing the rocking arm so that its stud 55 shall no longer engage with
the cam groove 56, and securing the cam 62 and switches 54 fixedly in the positions
shewn in Fig. 68. By this arrangement cach sheet received upon the cylinder A
will be directed by the switches on to the cylinder B, and both the grippers a*,
a**,
will be operated by the cam 62 to seize alternate sheets, and carry the same
into position to be folded and delivered between the rollers b, b.
The cylinder A may, if desired, be arranged so that it will accumulate many
sheets and deliver the same flat, by supplying it with tapes 33, 34, and switches 8,
as herein-before described. In such an arrangement the switches 54 must be fixed in
the position shewn in Fig. 69.
It is apparent that the cylinder B may be of the same size as the cylinder A,
and be supplied with but one set of grippers as a*, and one rotary folder as c (see
Sheets XXI. and XXII.), and thus make one idle revolution when two sheets are
being associated by the collecting cylinder A, while the cylinder B, when it is of
double the size of the cylinder A, makes a half revolution idly during such operation
of the accumulating cylinder A, as herein-before described.
The Figures 71, 72, and 73, Sheet XXI., shew a modification of the before-
described apparatus, wherein the two cylinders of equal size are geared together, so
as to run in unison, each being provided with grippers similar that described, and
shewn at Figure 4, Sheet III. It further shews these cylinders running in an
opposite direction to the movements they are shewn to have in the preceding
illustrations, the sheets being received at the lower side of the cylinder A from the
tapes 30, 32. The grippers a*, a, in this arrangement are operated by cams 3×, 3,
carried at the ends of arms which are fast upon separate shafts, which shafts are
connected together so as to move in unison by arms 63, whose ends have segment
racks. Motion is imparted to one of these shafts, and is communicated to the other
by the arms 63 from a rocking arm 64, whose stud or friction roller enters a cam
groove 65 in a toothed cam wheel 6, which meshes with a toothed wheel 7 fast
upon the shaft of the cylinder B. The gearing is such that this cam wheel makes
but one revolution to each two of the cylinder B, and its cam groove 65 is of such
shape that it rocks the cams 3, 3*, so that they stand in the positions shewn in
Figure 71, when they will not operate the grippers a, a*, during the first revolution
of the cylinders B, A, and into the position shewn in Figure 72, when they will
intercept the rocking arms of and operate the grippers during the second revolution
of the cylinder.
The first incoming sheet received by the cylinder A will be seized by the grippers
a (which are always operated for this purpose at the entrance point of the sheet
by a stationary cam such as a³), and carried around with and upon the surface of
the cylinder A, as in Figure 71, the lever cams 3, 3*, then standing in the positions
therein shewn until its head or leading edge arrives at the entrance point, where
the second incoming sheet will be received upon it, and the two seized by the grip-
pers, and carried together around with the cylinder A in manner herein-before
explained. The cams 3, 3*, having meanwhile been moved by the cam groove 65
into the positions shewn in Figure 73, will intercept the rocking arms of the
grippers a, and open the grippers to deliver two sheets to the grippers a*, which
will close upon and convey the same between the folding devices to be folded
thereby, and delivered through the folding rollers b, b. It is to be understood that
the grippers a are operated to seize the sheets an instant before the grippers a
release the same, as in Figure 70. Also that only one flying cam, as I, is required
in connection with the stationary cam 1 to operate the rotary folder c.
If it is desired to fold each successive sheet the cams 3, 3*, are fixed in the
positions shewn in Figure 71, where they will operate the grippers a, a, during
each revolution of the cylinder. This may be done by simply sliding the toothed

page_text: wheel 7 out of gear with the cam wheel 6, which latter, then being stationary,
will hold the cams 3, 3*, in either position, according as it is placed.
Though it is advantageous to set the cylinders A, B, in such relation to each
other that they may deliver the sheets directly from one to the other, as in Sheets
XVI. to XXI., they may be separated a distance apart, as is shewn in the modifi-
cations illustrated in Figures 74 to 82, Sheets XXI. and XXII., where they are
provided with intermediate mechanisins for conducting the sheets from one to the
other.
•
In these modifications the tapes 32 pass under a pressure roller A**, by which
they are held in contact with the cylinder A, and extend over a roller A*, resting
on the upper side of the cylinder B. These tapes, together with tapes 32, connect
the apparatus with the printing machine.
As the cylinder A, in the modifications shewn at Figures 66, 74, and 75, has no
grippers or tapes to nip the sheet at their entrance on it, and thus complete its.
severance from the partially cut web, this function is performed by the pressure
roller A**, which is geared to and driven by the cylinder A, so as to run in unison
with it. It is mounted in elastic bearings, as shewn in Figure. 76, so that its'
-pressure is a yielding one, accommodating the sheets as the accumulate on the
cylinder. The tapes 33 are arranged as in a previous Figure, and the roller A* is.
arranged so as to stretch the tapes 34 over a greater portion of the surface of the
cylinder A, and the switches 8 are arranged so as to be rocked at proper intervals
by means of a rocking arm, whose stud or roller 68 runs in the cam groove 69 of
a cam wheel G¹, which may be on the driving shaft, and imparts motion through a
toothed wheel 70 to the cylinder A, which in turn drives the cylinder B through a
toothed wheel 71.
The driving roller A7, (see Figure 76,) is driven positively from the cylinder A
by a toothed wheel 72, which gears through a wheel 73 to the toothed wheel 27 on
the shaft of the cylinder A, as in Figure 77. A switch 67 covers a portion of the
periphery of the cylinder A, and occupies the space between this cylinder and the
driving roller A7, while a conductor 74 bridges the space between the roller A
and the cylinder B; and this conductor 74, roller A7, and switch 67, together with
the tapes 32, constitute the mechanism connecting the cylinders A and B.
The cylinder B, which is of double the size of the cylinder A, is equipped with
grippers A*, A**, and rotary folders C, C*, and mechanisms for operating the same,
as in the preceding illustrations. The switches 67 are rocked from the position
shewn in Figure 74, where their toes lie in grooves in the cylinder A, to the
position shewn in Figures 75, 76, where their heels and toes enter grooves in the
rollers A and A° by means of a rocking arm and connecting rod 75, which latter
is operated by a stud or roller, which projects from its side and enters a cam
groove 12 in a cam wheel fixed upon the shaft of the rotating cylinder B, as in
Figure 75.
The cam groove 12 is arranged to move the switch 67 during each revolution
of the cylinder B, and as the cylinder A makes two revolutions to one of the
cylinder B, and as the motion imparted to the cam groove 12 is equally divided,
it follows that the switches 67 will stand in the position shown in Figure 75
during the first revolution of the cylinder A, and in the position shown in Figure 74
during the second revolution of the cylinder. Thus arranged, the first incoming
sheet will be directed by the switches 67 around the cylinder A, it being propelled
and sustained by the roller A**, tapes 33, 34, and guided by the conductors 30 and
switches 67, as in Figure 75. As the head of this sheet reaches the point where it
entered upon the cylinder it will be met by the second incoming sheet, whose
leading end will be lapped upon that of the first sheet, and the two thus move
together, and as the toes of the switches 67 are (as soon as the tail of the first sheet
is past them) rocked into the position shown in Figure 74, the two sheets thus
associated will be directed over the top of the switches, and carried by the tapes 32
and propelling roller A7 on to the cylinder B, when the leading edges will be seized

page_text: and the sheets folded in like manner as are the two associated sheets by the
mechanism illustrated particularly in Sheet XIX.
If it be desired to adjust this mechanism so as to fold each sheet, the switches 67
may be fixed into the position shown in Figure 74 after the cam-operated connecting
rod 75 has been disconnected from the rock arm. This done, each sheet will pass
over the long cylinder A, and be led directly to the cylinder B, and be folded in like
manner as by the mechanisms particularly illustrated in Sheet XIX.
may
Again, if it is desired to gather and deliver flat two or more sheets, it be dono
by fixing the switches 67 in the position shown in Figure 76. Thus arranged sheet
after sheet will be directed on to the cylinder A until several are accumulated one
upon the other, the predetermined number here illustrated being four, when the
toes of the switches A will be rocked into the grooves in the cylinder A, thus inter-
cepting the accumulated sheets, and directing the same in a single mass over the
In this
roller As and down before the fly frame 71, as herein-before described.
adjustment of the machine the connecting rod 75 may be removed or allowed to
stand in the position shown in Figure 76, where it is rendered inoperative, as is the
cylinder B.
The modification shown in Sheet XXII., beside having the two cylinders B and A
of equal size, and each provided with one set of grippers, and the cylinder A pro-
vided with one rotary folder, differs somewhat in its gearing from the modification
shown in Sheet XXI.; thus the cam wheel C which operates the switches 67 is
driven by a toothed wheel on the shaft of the cylinder B, It makes one revolution
to every two of the accumulating cylinder A, and thus holds the switches 67 in the
position shown in Figure 80 during the first revolution of the cylinder A, and thus
guides the first sheet around with cylinder, and as the second sheet is received in the
first upon same cylinder, during its second revolution it will have moved the
switches into the position shown in Figure 79, in order to intercept the same and
guide thein over its upper surface to the cylinder B, where their leading edges will
be seized by the grippers a, and the two carried together between the folding
devices of the cylinder B, and be thereby delivered once folded between the folding
rollers b, b, in manner as before explained. If it is desired to fold each successive
sheet by this modified apparatus, or to accumulate a number of sheets for flat
delivery, the switches 67 may be fixed in the position shown in Figure 78, or in that
shown in Figure 80.
When either of the modified apparatuses shown in Sheets XXI. and XXII. are
adjusted to fold the sheets, the switches 8, constituting a part of the accumulating
mechanism, may be thrown out of action by disengaging the stud 68 of their
rocking arm from the cam groove 69 of the cam G¹.
In the modification shown in Sheet XXII., which is a further carrying out of
the principal features of the arrangements thereon by the diagram Figure 22ª,
Sheet III., the collecting cylinder A is separated a distance from the cylinder B,
which space is occupied by a connecting mechanism composed of the tapes 32, 34,
and switches 67. The tapes 32 run over a roller A** placed near one of the folding
rollers b, b, which are arranged beneath the cylinder B. The tapes 34 are stretched
from the driving roller A¹ over the first of the pair of folding rollers b, b, under the
other, and around the receiving roller b*. The switches 67 bridge the between
space
the cylinder A and the driving roller A7, as in Sheets XXI. and XXII., and are operated
as therein shown by the groove of the cam wheel G. The set of tapes 33 are
stretched from the roller A³ to the roller A², as in Sheets XXI., XXII., but the
roller A is raised to such a position as will cause the tapes to cover the greater
portion of the periphery of the cylinder A.
In this modification motion is communicated from the cylinder A through a
toothed cam wheel G and an intermediate wheel to the spur wheel on the axle of
the cylinder B, shown by dots. This cylinder B is illustrated as constructed of
two arms B¹, Bix, which support at their ends the rotary folders C, C*. A guard 74
is placed between the tape roller A** and folding roller b to insure the proper

page_text: guidance of the sheets over the folding rollers 3, 6, and into proper position to be
doubled through them by the rotary folders, which folders are operated by a flying
cain and a stationary cam, as herein-before described. A set of tapes stretched from
the folding roller b to the receiving roller bx supports the leading ends of the sheets
as they pass out over the folding rollers, and with the tapes 3+ direct the sheets
after they are folded between the rollers to the receiving rollers b*, bx, from whence
they may be directed to a delivery mechanism or to a folding mechanism, as herein-
before described.
The sheets may be folded singly, as in Figure 81, or accumulated in twos, which
are simultaneously folded, as in Figure 82, by properly operating the switches 67,
which may be done as herein-before explained with reference to the modifications
shown in the Figures 74 to 80, Sheets XXI. and XXII.
The accumulating cylinder A may be driven by the train of gears shown in Figure
66, which will be arranged upon either side of the machine, as may be desired, it
being understood that a toothed wheel may be placed at either end of the shaft of
said cylinder.
What have been described as rollers carrying tapes may be pullies set upon a
common shaft.
It is obvious that the sheet accumulating mechanism illustrated in Figure 42 of
the Patent 4645, herein-before referred to, may be substituted for that shown
herein.
It is also obvious that any one of the following folding mechanisms may in like
manner be substituted for the carrier 30, its rotary folders, and their co-operating
mechanisms, viz. :-
Sheet XXIII. shows the mechanism and its modifications for operating the flying
cam at different times, according to the work it is desired to produce.
To cause the folding blade to operate at every revolution of its cylinder, the flying
cam will run turn-for-turn with the cylinder, which may be accomplished by its
actuating toothed wheels, being provided with an equal number of teeth, as shown
in Figure 83.
To make it operate at every alternate revolution of the cylinder the wheels for
driving the flying cam may be changed, so that the flying cam will make one and
one-half turns to one of cylinder, as shown in Figure 84. The same result may be
attained by changing the driving toothed wheels 39 and 40, so that the cam will
only make one revolution to two revolutions of the cylinder, as in Figure 85, but
this construction makes it necessary to use a sharp pointed cam, which structure is
not advantageous.
Other changes in the times of operating the folding blade may be made by
changing the driving toothed wheels 39 on the shaft of the rotating folding cylinder
B wider than the flying cam wheel 40, so that when in its working position the
flying cam will project a certain distance inward beyond the sile of the driving
toothed wheel 39. This may be done, as in Figures 86 and 87, by providing tho
flying cam shaft G with a grooved wheel g fast on its outer end, in the groove of
which wheel one end of an actuating lever arm genters, its opposite end entering
the groove of the cam F. This revolves on a stud G¹ fixed to the framework, and
is provided with a toothed wheel gearing with a similar wheel on the extreme
outer end of the shaft of the cylinder B. As the cam revolves its groove causes the
actuating lever arm g¹ to slide on its stud and carry the flying cam I from and
towards the end of the cylinder B, its wheel 40 at all times remaining geared with
the wheel 39. As soon as the folding blade has been operated and passed by the
Blying cam I, this latter, with its wheel 40, will be automatically drawn back, so
that by the time the folding blade again approaches the flying cam will be drawn
back out of its path of travel, and the blade will pass by unoperated. During the
next revolution of the cylinder B, the flying cam may be advanced to its working
position, or it may be kept back while the cylinder makes two or more revolutions,
and may be then advanced. Thus the folding blade can be made to operate at each
first, second, third, or any desired revolution of the cylinder.

page_text: A folding cylinder is sometimes furnished with two folding blades C, C*, as in
the herein-before described mechanism, whereby the folding operation is accomplished
twice at every revolution of the cylinder.
To operate these blades successively the flying cam I may make two revolutions
to one of the cylinders B, thus operating each blade as it passes; or the cam wheel
40 may run turn-for-turn with the cylinder B, and have two flying cams I, I¹, on it
at opposite points of its circumference, as in the mechanism described with reference
to Sheets XVI. to XIX., each of which cams I, I', will operate a blade as it passes
(see also Fig. 88ª). To operate alternate blades one of these flying cams may be
caused to make a revolution for every blade that passes, as in Fig. 89, and be
reciprocated in and out of the reach of each alternate blade by properly proportioning
its toothed wheel 40 to its driving wheel 39. This last arrangement is also
applicable to folding cylinders carrying three or more blades, as it will operate each,
first, second, third, or any desired blade.
Instead of the flying cam making complete revolutions, as above described, it may
in certain cases, as when operating each folding blade as it passes, simply vibrate
its point back and forth over the recess in the female or stationary folding cam 12,
as in Figs. 90, 91, and 92, by means of a suitable cam E attached to the shaft of
the folding cylinder B, or elsewhere, in the groove of which cam E runs the end gl
of a rocking arm attached to the shaft of the flying can I; while the folding blade
is passing, the point of the cam will move over the female cam I2 in the same
direction as if driven by gearing, and in the interval between the passages of the
folding blade or blades it will be vibrated to resume its normal position in readiness
to again operate and actuate the next passing blade.
In oue or other of the above described models of operating the flying cam, a
folding cylinder provided with the requisite number of folding blades can be
successfully operated to effect the required action of the folding blades so as to
produce any of the results indicated in the herein-before mentioned paragraphs,
and afterwards more particularly described.
Having now described the Invention of "Improvements in Machinery or
Apparatus for Folding and Making up Printed Matter into the Form of Pamphlets,"
which has been communicated to me as aforesaid, and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid,-
First. The general construction and arrangement of parts herein shown and
described, whereby printed sheets may be cut, folded, pasted, combined, and made
up into the form of pamphlets as herein set forth.
Second. I claim the construction, arrangement, and mode of operating the several
parts for carrying forward folded sheets so as to bring them in pairs over folding
rollers, between which they are thrust by means of reciprocating or rotating folding
blades, as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Third. I claim the combination of the folding rollers b, b, the slowly moving
receiving rollers e, e, the folding rollers f, f, and stops C, D, whereby the rearinost
of a pair of folded printed sheets which are separated a distance apart, is caused (as
the hinder sheet emerges from the folding rollers) to gain upon the foremost sheet
of the pair, so that the two sheets will thus nove into register at the same time
against their respective stops as herein set forth.
Fourth. I claim the combination of a cylinder for collecting or accumulating the
printed sheets with a cylinder or mechanism for folding the same. 1 claim this
combination of parts (whether the said cylinder be of similar or different diameters)
whether the sheets be transferred direct from one cylinder to the other, or the
cylinders be placed at some distance apart and the sheets be transferred or con-
ducted from one to the other by extraneous means as herein set forth.
Fifth. I claim a collecting cylinder provided with means for receiving the printed
sheets at one point, and for delivering the same at two or more points in com-
bination with an independent folding cylinder and independent mechanism for flat
delivery, as and for the purpose herein set forth.

page_text: Sixth. I claim the arrangement and construction of parts shown and described in
reference to the several Figures in Sheets VI. and VII. for the purpose of collecting
printed sheets of different sizes, and delivering them at various points of the
cylinders, for the purposes herein set forth.
Seventh. I claim the cam arrangement shown, and described in reference to
Sheet VIII. for acting on the grippers, as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Eighth. I claim the combination with the collecting and folding cylinders and
cutting mechanism of the nipping devices herein shown and described for completely
separating the partly severed sheets.
Ninth. I claim the arrangement and construction of parts shown and described
in reference to Figures 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38, for delivering whole sheets to be flown
or delivered flat and folded, and half size sheets to be folded, or vice versa.
Tenth. I claim placing a collecting cylinder at one end of an unobstructed
passage, and a folding cylinder at the other end, or a folding cylinder at each end of
the passage, and adapting thereto propelling devices for carrying forward the printed
sheets, as and for the purposes herein set forth in reference to Figures 19, 33, 33ª,
33b, 33c.
Eleventh. I claim the arrangement and construction of parts shown and described
for applying paste to one sheet, and combining therewith another, but unpasted
sheet, so that the two may be stuck together, and the pair thus united delivered
either to a folder or in an unfolded state.
Twelfth. I claim the combination with the folding cylinder of three sets of
grippers, one of which may be rendered inoperative when required, and be changed
for a folding blade, as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Thirteenth. I claim the use of a rotating carrier provided with one or more
rotating folding blades as shown and described in reference to Figures 22ª, 81,
and 82; I also claim the combination therewith of a rotating brush, as and for the
purpose herein set forth.
Fourteenth. I claim the use and application of the cam A° for the purposes herein
set forth, together with the mode of and devices whereby the action and operation
of the cam is controlled or modified.
Fifteenth. I claim the construction and arrangement of parts shewn in Sheet XXIII.,
whereby the flying cam is operated and its action controlled and modified, as and
for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Conquest, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
WILLIAM CONQUEST. (L.S.)