IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS OR OTHER METAL TUBES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fairbank, of Leeds, in the County of York,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS OR
OTHER METAL TUBES."-A communication from abroad by Samuel
Vanstone and Alfred Hollings, of Providence, Rhode Island,
United States.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fairbank at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1873,
I, JOHN FAIRBANK, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF NUTS OR OTHER METAL TUBES," (a communication to me
from abroad by Samuel Vanstone and Alfred Hollings, of Providence,
Rhode Island, United States), to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce nuts or other metal tubes
at a less cost and a great saving of material, there being less waste in
the manufacture.

page_text: The shapes are first rolled in ordinary bar lengths of either iron or
steel, and then cut into pieces of two feet in length or more as may be
desired. These pieces are taken and put together either hot or cold and
passed through a pair of rolls in order to close the whole firmly together
(or what I term dovetail the pieces together) ready for welding, so
that a number can be put in the furnace at once and brought to a
welding heat ready for the rolls. By this means the tube can be handled
in the furnace much better than when put together in two straight
seam pieces. The hole in the pile at this stage is left larger than what
it is required to be when the nut or other article is finished. The pile is
then taken welding hot from the furnace and passed through rolls
of the shape required, and forced over a mandril during the rolling
process, which mandril is held in position by a dog or cramp at the back
of the rolls. By this means a perfect welded sound tube with a
perfectly true smooth hole can be secured.
The tube in the last or finishing pass or opening in the rolls is by
preference made to pass over the same mandril (which is held in position
at the back of the rollers), one or more times as may be required:
in order to attain the desired object of making a true hole in the tube.
These rollers are provided with grooves of any desired shape in accordance
with the article required. The tubes are then taken while hot and, cut
off into the desired length, by preference by a circular saw, during which
process the nut or tube is made to revolve as well as the saw, so that only
the side of the tube requires cutting through. This part is important as
by this means nuts can be cut at a great speed.
Instead of using a pile of metal dovetailed together and welded where
the object is required of steel, a tube can with great advantage be cast
of the required shape with a hole larger than when finished. These
tubes of cast steel would then be rolled over the mandril to the required
size, and sawn off by the process herein-before described.
It is very obvious that by this process a very great saving in waste
material is effected over the ordinary way of punching nuts.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Fairbank in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd April 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FAIRBANK, of Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October; in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Fairbank, Her special.
licence, that I, the said John Fairbank, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Fairbank, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no.
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS OR OTHER METAL TUBES," (a communication.to
me from abroad by Samuel Vanstone and Alfred Hollings, of Providence,
Rhode Island, United States), upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Fairbank, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fairbank, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying .
Drawings and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to
say:
The objects of this Invention are to produce nuts or other metal tubes
at less cost and a great saving of material, there being less waste in the :
manufacture than heretofore, and in order that this. Invention may be .:
-
-

page_text: 2 Sheets of Drawings.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation; Fig. 2, a back elevation; and
Fig. 3, a plan of sawing machine.
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, shew various sections or
shapes and modes of constructing the "nuts or other metal tubes”
according to this Invention.
The shapes are first rolled into ordinary bar lengths of either iron or
steel. These shapes are distinctly shewn at Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, and 14. These are then cut into pieces of about 2 feet in length 1
or more as may be desired. After being cut to the length required they
are taken and put together as shewn at Fig. 5, and passed through a
pair of rolls in order to close the whole firmly together as shewn at
Figs. 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, these are now ready for welding.
A number of them may be put into a furnace at one time and brought 1
to a welding heat ready to be passed through the rolls.
The material being dovetailed together in the manner described it can
be handled in the furnace much better than when put together in two
straight seam pieces.
The hole a in the pile at this stage is left larger than it is required to 2
be when the nut or other article is finished. The pile is then taken
welding hot from the furnace and passed through rolls of the shape
required, and forced over a mandril. During the rolling process the
mandril is held in position by a dog or cramp at the back of the rolls.
The rolls are of ordinary construction and are provided with grooves 2
of any desired shape in accordance with the article required. By this
means a perfect welded sound tube with a perfectly true smooth holo
can be secured. The tube in the last or finishing pass or opening in the
rolls is by preference made to pass over the same mandril (which is held
in position at the back of the rolls) one or more times as may be a
required. The tubes are then taken while still hot and cut off into the
desired lengths, by preference by circular saw, Drawings of which are
shown at Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
On suitable framework and bearings c the spindle or shaft d is
mounted, on which is provided the circular saw e, the required rotary
motion being given thereto through pulleys f, g, and h, from some

page_text: suitable motive power. On the same framework and in bearings & the
rocking shaft j is mounted, on which rocking shaft the rocking frame k
is carried. In the head of this rocking frame is mounted a hollow
spindle for which are provided the various sizes and shapes of linings
or dies m, these being inserted in accordance with the size or shape of
tube or nut required, a rotary motion is given to the spindle / through
the gearing n and o; and driving pulley p, actuated by some suitable
motive power. The tube is passed through the linings or dies m in the
spindle and made to project to any suitable length, and, in order to
prevent it passing too far through I provide an adjustable gauge or
stop g, which I fix as shewn, this may be moved backwards or forwards
in accordance with the length required and fixed in any position.
saw.
The tube is put through the spindle hot and is made to revolve with
the spindle, and whilst revolving is brought in contact with a circular
The saw being in motion cuts the required length off the tube.
By this arrangement of revolving tube the saw only passes through the
thickness of one side instead of having to pass right through, this saves
a great amount of time and labour, the length being cut off at a much
greater speed.
The rocking frame is brought up to the saw by means of the treadle »
and lever or their equivalents, and in order to bring back the rocking
frame I provide the balance levers and weight t; other suitable means
may be employed for this purpose.
Instead of using a pile of metal dovetailed together and welded as
herein before described, when the object is required of steel a tube can
with great advantage be cast of the required shape with a hole larger
than when finished. These tubes of cast steel would be rolled over the
mandril to the required size and sawn off by the process hercin-before
described.
It is very obvious that by this process a very great saving is effected
over the ordinary way of punching nuts.
Having now described this Invention and the manner in which the
same may be performed, I would remark in conclusion that I do not
limit myself to the exact limits, details, and configuration of parts I
3 have explained and shewn, as the same may of course be varied or
modified without in any way departing from the nature of the Invention,
.

page_text: but what I do claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent
are,―
Firstly. The method of dovetailing metal together so as to form a pile
preparatory to welding, substantially as and for purposes herein set
forth.
Secondly. The method employed for rolling and welding the tube,
substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Thirdly. The arrangement, construction, and application of circular
sawing machine shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, for cutting nuts or other
metal tubes, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fairbank, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
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