IMPROVI- MENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
ECCLES and HENRY BRIERLY, both of the Township of Walton-le-Dale, in the
Parish of Blackburn, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Spinners, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of August (One thousand eight hundred and
forty-five) in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said William Eccles and Henry
Brierly, our exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege, and authority that we, the said William Eccles and Henry Brierly,
our exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Eccles
and Henry Brierly, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time, and at all times during the term of years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the
Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her
said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVI-
MENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that we, the said William Eccles and
Henry Brierly, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, cause a particular description of the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
A

page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Eccles and Henry Brierly, do hereby declare that the nature of this
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention has reference to improvements in machinery or apparatus
used in spinning, and consists in certain improvements in the machine called
the "mule." This machine, which is extensively used in the spinning of
cotton, wool, and other fibrous materials or substances, has in its construction
two main features; firstly, the rollers employed in drawing the cotton or other
material to the required fineness; and, secondly, the carriage containing the
spindles employed for twisting and taking up the yarn or material, so as to
form the "cop."
The operations of the above-mentioned machine in known or common
use are as follow:-The drawing rollers are placed in a frame fixed to
the ground or floor, and the said rollers revolve upon their axes only
during the time of the carriage being in motion, such carriage being mounted
upon wheels which are caused to traverse over a certain distance, so as
alternately to recede from and approach the rollers. The carriage recedes
as the rollers deliver the material, the spindles in the carriage revolving
at the same time so as to twist the yarn or material, and when the
carriage has gone a sufficient distance the carriage stops, the spindles
continuing to revolve until the requisite quantity of twist has been imparted
to the yarn or material. The spindles are then stopped and the carriage
returned towards the rollers, and to within a certain distance of them, the yarn
or material being coiled or wound upon the spindles at the same time. The
receding or running out of the carriage and returning it to within a certain
distance from the rollers, is called a "stretch," and the effect of the constant
working of the machine is to produce a succession of such stretches. The return
or running-in of the carriage towards the rollers, together with the "winding-on"
and directing of the yarn or material upon the spindles, so as to form the "cop,"
is performed in hand mules by manual labor; and one object of this Invention
is to supersede the necessity of such labor by so combining and arranging the
several parts of the machine, and making such additions thereto, as to render it
capable of performing all the movements required for the due performance of

page_text: the several operations of spinning the yarn or material, the returning or running-
in of the carriage, and the taking-up and winding-on of the yarn or material
upon the spindles in the required form or manner.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
We will suppose the carriage containing the spindles to have receded a
certain distance from the drawing and delivering rollers, and the requisite
amount of twist to have been imparted to the yarn or material; a certain piece
of mechanism called a "break" or friction pulley is then brought into operation,
and is made to act upon that part of the machine which drives the spindles, or
upon any convenient part of the machine which is connected with them, or
by means of which the said break or friction pulley may be made to act upon
them. The effect of bringing this part of the machine into operation is to stop
the spindles. The movement or running-in of the carriage towards the rollers
then commences, the aforesaid break or friction pulley holding fast certain of
the bands connected with the mechanism employed for driving the said spindles
in the manner hereafter described, and such holding fast these bands while the
carriage is moved causes the spindles to turn backwards or in a contrary
direction to that in which they revolved during the operation of twisting; the
effect of this is to unwind a portion of the yarn or material from the spindles,
which is called backing off, and at the same time to slacken the yarn by the
running-in of the carriage, so as to allow that part of the mechanism called the
faller to descend, which is effected in the manner herein-after described. The
uncoiling and slackening of the yarn or material, and the descent of the faller
having been effected, the carriage continues to move inwards towards the
rollers, and at the same time the operations of directing or guiding and
winding of the yarn upon the spindles are accomplished. For winding the
yarn or material upon the spindles so as to form the cop, it is necessary to
impart to the said spindles a movement which is capable of being varied, so as
to suit the different diameters which the cop acquires during its formation upon
the said spindles; this variable motion is obtained in the manner herein-after
fully described and represented by the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed,
in which similar letters of reference are placed upon and denote corresponding
parts in each of the Figures of each Sheet of Drawings respectively.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At the Drawing No. 1, the Figure 1 exhibits a diagram illustrative of the
principle upon which the variable movement of the spindles during the winding-
on of the yarn is produced; Figure 2 exhibits another diagram illustrative of

page_text: another mode of varying the motion of the spindles; Figure 3 is a transverse
section of a mule carriage, exhibiting another arrangement of parts for varying
the motion of the spindles in winding-on; Figure 4 exhibits a side elevation
of the headstock of a mule and transverse section of the carriage containing
the spindles. At the Drawing No. 2, Figure 5 represents a side elevation of
the headstock of a mule and transverse section of the carriage containing the
spindles and other parts in connection therewith, as also another arrangement
of parts for regulating the winding-on motion. At the Drawing No. 24 exhibits
two views of another arrangement of parts to be employed for varying the
motion of the spindles during the operation of winding-on; the Figure 5
represents an elevation of a portion of the headstock of a common hand mule,
and a transverse and vertical section of a mule carriage, shewing one position
of the improvements hereafter described; Figure 5B exhibits the improvements
last mentioned in another position; similar letters of reference to those used at
Figure 5, Sheet 2, are placed upon and denote corresponding parts in so far
as such parts appear or can be seen at each of the Figures respectively. At
the Drawing No. 1, Figure 6 exhibits an end view of the headstock, shewing
the mechanical arrangement employed for drawing up or running in the car-
riage; the Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 respectively exhibit several
views of parts hereafter described and referred to. At the Figure 1, let X
represent a pulley, drum, or wheel, which is supposed to be moved backwards
and forwards, and on the same plane between the points A and B. Let there
be a chain, band, or strap S, which may be wound or coiled upon the wheel,
pulley, or drum X during its movement from B to A, and be unwound when
moving from A to B. Let this chain, band, or strap be attached to or made
to bear upon the point C, and the drum or pulley X, as it is moved from A to
B, will be made to revolve upon its centre by the uncoiling of the strap or
band S. The motion of the drum or pulley will then be uniform throughout
its course from A to B, and the number of revolutions made by the drum or
pulley X will be equal to the number of times which its circumference is
contained in the distance between A and B; as, for example, the distances from
X to X, X' to X, X to X, and from X³ to X', are equal between thein-
selves, and also to the lengths of chain or band which will be uncoiled when
the drum or pulley X passes through the said distances. Let the point of
attachment of the chain, band, or strap be now moved from C to D, and the
drum or pulley X, while moved from X to X', will then only unwind the
length of chain a, b; while passing from X' to X², it will unwind the length
cd; from X to X, the length e, f; and from X³ to X, the length g, h. The
movement of the drum or pulley X, when working with the point of attach-

page_text: ment or bearing of the chain, band, or strap S, at D, will thus be such as
gradually to increase the speed thereof, as the said drum approaches the point
B, and such increase of speed will be in proportion to the lengths of chain,
band, or strap, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, which are uncoiled from the drum or pulley
X during its passage between the equal distances from X to X', as before
mentioned. According to this diagram the movements of the pulley, drum, or
wheel X, when the chain, band, or strap is at C, will be equable, and will
change gradually as the point of attachment of the chain, band, or strap S is
moved from C to D to a movement which will increase in speed as the drum,
&c. approaches B, whence the necessary variable motion of the spindles for
performing the operation of winding-on during the formation of the "cop." The
proper ratio of speed in the resolutions of the drum, pulley, or wheel, so as to
suit the particular size of cop required, will be obtained by a suitable adjust-
ment of the parts, and of the distances passed through by them, as the dis-
tance from A to B, which is traversed by the drum, wheel, or pulley X,
the distance through which the point of attachment of the band or chain S is
moved from C towards D, and the distance from the point C to the drum,
pulley, or wheel X, when the operation of winding-on commences. In the
application of the above-mentioned principle for the purposes of this Invention,
a variety of methods or modifications of construction or arrangements may be
employed without departing from the spirit of this part of the Invention; for
example, the wheel or pulley X may be so arranged as to travel or move
backwards and forwards with the carriage of the mule, and be made to operate
upon the spindles by means of gearing suitably arranged and fixed for that
purpose, or the wheel or pulley X may be stationary, and the point of attach-
ment or bearing of the band, chain, or strap S be made to move, thereby
communicating to the wheel or pulley X the same amount of motion as at first.
The direction in which the point of attachment C is carried may also be varied,
so as to cause the said point to be moved either at a right angle to the line of
direction A, B, of the wheel or pulley X, or at an acute angle to the line of
direction A, B, as shewn by the dotted line C, E, at Figure 1, or at an obtuse
angle to such line of direction, as shewn by the line C, F, at Figure 1; or the line
of direction C, D, may be made to describe a segment of a circle, as C, F, D, E,
during the alternate movements of the carriage outwards and inwards, which
will have the effect of causing a still greater variation in the ratio of movement
of the drum, pulley, or wheel. In order to obtain a movement which will
admit of greater variation of speed of the wheel or pulley X than that above
mentioned, we employ a moveable arm or lever, to one part of which the point
of attachment of the "winding-on" chain, band, or strap S is connected, as

page_text: exhibited by the diagram Figure 2. Let A, B, represent a moveable arm or
lever, the fulcrum of which is at a, the end B of the said lever describing the
arc B, C; let Z represent the pulley or wheel employed for winding the yarn
or material upon the spindles, the line of motion of such pulley or wheel being
marked by D, E, X, X', marks two wheels or pullies revolving upon studs or
pivots 1, 2, fixed to the flooring or the framing of the machine. Round these
pullies the chain, band, or strap S passes in its way from the point of
attachment A to the wheel or pulley Z, the said wheel or pulley being moved
from D to E, will unwind the length of chain, band, or strap denoted by D, E,
whilst the point of attachment remains at A. Now, let the said point of
attachment be changed from A to F, in the manner hereafter described, then
during the movement of the wheel or pulley Z, from D to B, and the describing
of the arc B, C, by the end of the lever A, B, the point of attachment F will
move through the arc F, G, and by thus allowing a certain length of the
chain, band, or strap to pass in the direction denoted by F, X, X', D, E, it
will cause the wheel or pulley Z to make fewer revolutions than were produced
when the point of attachment was at A), since the length of chain, band, or
strap unwound will only equal the difference between the distance D, E,
through which the wheel or pulley has moved, and the length of band, chain,
or strap, which is allowed to pass over the pullies X, X, by the alteration
of position of the point of attachment F, towards the point G. It should be
observed, that when working with the point of attachment of the band, strap,
or chain S at F, the revolutions of the wheel or pulley Z will gradually increase
as it approaches the point E; in consequence of the change of situation of the
point F, the movement of the point of attachment of the band, chain, or strap,
from F to H, will cause the length of band a, b, to pass towards the winding-
on wheel or pulley Z, the speed of which will be reduced accordingly; while
moved from H to I, the length b, c, will be disengaged; in passing I to K,
the length c, d, and from K to G, the length d, e, will be disengaged. The
difference between the lengths a, b, b, c, c, d, and d, e, will cause the move-
ment of the wheel or pulley Z to vary in speed, such variation being in pro-
portion to the said difference, the speed gradually increasing in proportion
as the lengths a, b, b, c, c, d, d, e, diminish. Another modification of the
foregoing arrangements consists in making the wheel or pulley Z stationary,
and causing the lever A, B, to communicate the proper ratio of speed to the
said wheel or pulley. At the Figure 3, let A represent a mule carriage shewn in
transverse section B, the pulley for driving the spindles C, the band,
chain, or strap passing over the said pulley and over a corresponding
pulley D, and from thence around a pulley or pullies D* attached to

page_text: the carriage for giving motion to the spindles through the agency of the
pulley E and drums in connection therewith. Now, when the carriage
is moved inwards or towards the rollers, and the pulley B and band C are
held fast in the manner hereafter described, or only slightly moved, the pulley
D* will be turned in the same direction as that in which it revolved during
the operation of spinning the yarn or material, and thereby wind up the yarn
upon the spindles (the operation of "backing-off" having been previously per-
formed). The number of revolutions made by the spindles in winding-on will
of course depend upon the size of the pullies D, E, and drums, which
should be so arranged in respect of the spindles as to give the required
number of revolutions thereto for taking up the yarn upon the bare spindles
during the time which the band C is held fast, or has only a slight movement,
in the same direction to that of the carriage. In order to regulate the number
of revolutions of the spindles in winding-on, we employ a small drum or pulley
F, which is brought into connection with the pulley B, previous to the com-
mencement of the winding-on, by means of a catch box (similar to that shewn
at O, Figure 9, or at M, L, Figure 12); a band or chain F is connected at one
end to the drum or pulley F, and is passed over the carrier pulley M, and
connected at its other end to the lever G, H, I, one end of which lever
describes the arc G, K, during the alternate movements of the carriage. To
the end G of the lever K a band or chain (L) is attached, and passes over
guide pulleys 1, 2, 3, and from thence to the carriage to which it is attached,
as shewn. The running of the carriage will raise the lever G, H, I, and the
running-in will allow the said lever to descend; the band F* which I call a
regulating band, is connected to the lever G, H, I, at the point h, at the
commencement of the formation of the "cop;" so that when the drum F is
geered to the shaft of the pulley B, as elsewhere described, the said drum and
pulley will be held fast, or only allowed to move slightly, and the band C being
also held will cause the pulley D* and the pulley E², with the drums and
spindles, to revolve, during the running-in of the carriage, and thereby perform
the operation of winding the yarn or material upon the spindles. Now, let the
position of the point of attachment of the band F* be changed from the point
h to H, and the movement of the lever G, H, I, will allow the length of chain
H, d, to pass towards the drum F during the running-in of the carriage, and the
said drum and the pulley B, being thus permitted to move, will allow a certain
length of the band C to pass forward in the same direction as that of the
carriage when running in, thereby reducing the number of revolutions made by
the spindles, and this will be in proportion to the increasing diameter of the cop.
The variations in the speed of the spindles will also be in proportion to the

page_text: lengths of chain or strap marked H, a, a, b, b, c, c, d, which are allowed to pass
to the drum or pulley F, while the point I of the lever G, H, I, describes the
equal distances H, w, w, a, a, y, y, z, the position of the point of attachment of
the band Fx will be changed gradually from I to H, as the base of the cop is
formed upon the spindles by the means hereafter described, and it will after-
wards continue at or near the point H, until the cop is finished. The length
of the lever to be used for regulating the "winding-on," and the radius and
length of the arc described by the said lever, as also the size of the drum or
pulley F, and the number of revolutions made by it, will severally depend upon
the size of the cop required, and the distance moved through by the carriage,
and must be arranged and constructed accordingly. At the Figure 4 is shewn
a side clevation of the headstock of a mule; A, A, marks the framing; B, B, a
shaft working in standards fixed thereto; upon one end of this shaft is fixed the
bevilled wheel C, gearing into a corresponding bevilled wheel D, mounted upon
a shaft E, placed crosswise of the framing and working in suitable bearings;
Fmarks a pulley fixed upon the shaft E; around this pulley a band G passes,
and from thence it passes over guide pullies at H to the pulley I, which is
mounted upon the shaft K; upon one part of this shaft is fixed a pulley L,
around which, and over the pulley L', a band M passes, for communicating
motion to the spindles through the agency of pullies N and O, and the pulley
a which is mounted upon the upright shaft b, as also is the bevilled wheel c,
which gears into a bevilled wheel d, keyed upon the shaft of the pulley o, which
is attached to the carriage P; a band or bands pass around the pulley a, and
give motion to the drums and the warves upon the spindles, by which means
the said spindles are driven; P, the frame of the mule carriage containing the
spindles R; S, S, marks the wheels upon which the carriage moves along the
rails T, which are placed at convenient distances asunder, as in the mule in
common and known use. Motion is communicated to the shaft E (upon
which the pulley F is keyed) by the bevilled wheel C, which receives motion
from the prime mover by a driving strap passing from thence over the pullies
U, which are mounted upon the shaft B; when spinning the yarn or material,
the driving strap runs upon the pulley marked 1, which is fast upon the
shaft B; during this time the carriage is caused to run out or to recede from the
rollers Z' in a precisely similar manner to the carriages of the hand mules in
known and common use, and the rollers are made to revolve and deliver the
yarn or material in the usual manner. When the carriage has reached the
termination of the stretch or receded a sufficient distance from the rollers, and
the spindles have finished twisting the yarn or material, the rod W, with the
strap fork X, is disengaged from the catch or stop Y, either by a projecting

page_text: stud fixed to the framing of the carriage, which lifts the said catch or stop, or
by means of the small shaft called the twist shaft, well known as used in the
hand mule, and the rod W is drawn by the weighted lever Z, so as to place
the driving strap upon the pulley marked 3, such pulley being in connection
with an apparatus for drawing the carriage inwards or towards the drawing
and delivering rollers, as hereafter fully described. At the same time that
the strap is moved from the pulley 1 to 3, a break or friction piece A¹,
hereafter fully described, is brought into operation upon the pulley F, which is
formed with a projecting rim or flanch for that purpose,) through the medium
of the bent lever B', which works upon a stud or pin C', fixed in a standard
attached to the framing A; the lower end of the lever B¹ is moved forwards or
towards the delivering rollers Z' by a stop or stud D', fixed upon the rod W,
pressing against it, by which the shorter or bent end E¹ of the lever is raised,
and with it the part F, G, which is attached thereto. In connection with this
last-mentioned piece is the curved piece or break A', having its fulcrum at
1. K' marks a pin fixed to the said piece and resting in a recess or catch
formed in the piece F', G', as shewn; the part E¹ of the lever being raised
will cause pressure of the curved piece or break A' against the pulley F, and
prevent its turning, thereby stopping the motion of the spindles. The carriage
must now be drawn inwards towards the delivering rollers Z', and the
operations of "backing off," directing, and guiding the yarn or material
upon the spindles and winding it thereon be performed. The operation of
backing off," or unwinding and slackening a portion of the yarn or
material from the spindles, so as to allow that part of the mechanism
called the faller to descend, is effected in the following manner:-Whilst the
carriage is performing the first part of its movement towards the delivering
rollers Z, which it does slowly for the first few inches, the break or curved
piece A¹ still remains in contact with the pulley F, and by holding fast this
pulley, as also the pullies I and L, and the band M, the pulleys N and O are
caused to turn backwards, or in the contrary direction to that in which they
turn whilst twisting the yarn. Suppose, for example, the band or bands M
to be moving in the direction denoted by the arrow's flight, or from front
to back of the headstock, during the operation of spinning, these bands
being held fast by the break or friction piece A', will cause the pulleys N, O,
and a, to turn in the contrary direction when the carriage is moved inwards.
The spindles will thus be turned backwards, and unwind a portion of the yarn
therefrom, and the yarn or material will be also slackened by the movement
of the carriage, and thus the operation of backing off will be effected. The
directing and guiding of the yarn upon the spindles is effected in the following

page_text: manner A piece of mechanism called a faller, such as is commonly used for
the above purpose, and marked L' in this Figure, is retained in its proper
position during the operation of spinning by a catch (a) taking hold of a
stud (6), which is attached to a short arm or lever (c) fixed upon the faller
rod (d¹); the end of the catch a' is lifted when the carriage is near the
termination of the stretch outwards, by coming into contact with a stud (e'),
attached to the framing of the headstock, whereby the said catch becomes
disengaged from the stud b', and the faller is then supported by a stud (ƒ¹),
attached to another short arm (9'), fixed upon the faller rod (d'), resting upon
the upper part of the incline (h¹); the stud (f¹) is allowed gradually to
descend the inclined plane (h¹) by the inward movement of the carriage,
which is effecting the operation of backing-off; at the same time the counter
faller M' is also liberated and allowed to act upon the yarn, so as to keep it
tight in the usual manner. The mode of arranging and actuating the faller
and counter faller with respect to each other is shewn more distinctly at
Figure 7, where M' marks the counter faller, end L¹ the faller. C is a short
arm attached to the faller rod C, and D is a short curved arm attached to the
counter faller; E, E, is a chain or band passing under a pulley F, attached
to the carriage, by which the faller L' and counter faller M¹ are connected
together by the levers or arms C, D; and when the parts are in the position
shewn at this Figure, and during the operation of spinning, the chain E is
tight, which prevents the counter faller M¹ rising, but when the faller L'
descends during the operation of backing-off, the chain becomes slackened and
allows the counter faller M¹ to rise by the gravitation of the weight N¹
attached thereto, thereby giving to the yarn or material the requisite amount
of tension. The counter faller M' may be depressed by having a short curved
arm O' attached thereto, which is brought into contact with a stud or pro-
jection fixed to the framing of the headstock by the running-in of the carriage,
and just before it has completed the extent of its range, and a similar short
arm or level P¹ upon the faller rod C* is used for lifting the faller; at the
same time, the faller when lifted will again tighten the chain or band E, E,
and keep the counter faller in its proper position until it is again required to
act. The operation of "backing-off" and the descent of the faller having been
effected, the break A¹, at Figure 4, is disengaged from the pulley F by the
projecting piece (which is attached to the carriage) coming into contact with
the piece k, attached to the piece F, G, at I, which is the fulcrum thereof;
it will be seen upon referring to the Drawing at this Figure, that the piece i
has no effect upon the break during the running-out of the carriage, but as
the carriage runs in, and the piece i comes in contact with the piece k, this

page_text: latter piece will be arrested by a pin a¹, and the piece is disengaged from
the stud by which it holds the break A', as before shewn, and the break A¹,
will drop out of contact with the pulley F, and the machine is then in a position
to commence the operation of "winding-on," which is effected in the following
manner-m marks a spur wheel fixed upon the axis of the pulley o, which is
so arranged as to impart motion to the said pulley; the wheels c, d, and
pulley a, through the medium of the spur wheels 1, as hereafter described and
shewn at Figure 9, where the said wheel is shewn constructed with indenta-
tions upon one of its faces, into which the projections of the clutch box o
take; the said clutch box slides upon a feather in the shaft q, and is thrown
into and out of gear with the wheel l, which is loose upon the shaft by the
means hereafter described. During the spinning of the yarn, and also whilst
the operation of "backing-off" is being performed, the clutch box o remains out
of gear with the wheel 1, as shewn at the above Figure 9, and when the opera-
tion of "winding-on" is to commence, a lever p is made to throw the clutch box
into gear with the wheel 7; the lever p is attached to carriage of the mule,
and operates upon the clutch box by striking against inclined planes a¹, b', one
of which, a', is so formed as to operate only in one direction, the carriage
passing it when moving outwards or in the direction pointed out by the dart;
the end 1 of the lever p, which is also attached to the carriage, will pass under
the stud c, and push forward the incline b, which works upon a fulcrum at x,
but as the carriage returns, and the end 1 of the lever p again comes in
contact with the piece b, this latter piece will be prevented from moving by
the stud c, and the end 1 of the lever p will be compelled to descend so as to
pass under the piece b, and will thus cause the part 3 of the lever to place the
clutch box in gear, and when the carriage has reached the termination of the
stretch inwards, a piece of the form shewn at 6' is placed in such a position as
again to raise the end 1 of the lever p, thus placing the clutch box out of
gear.
The running-in of the carriage is effected in the following manner :-
At the Figures 4 and 6, A marks a hollow shaft working around the shaft B;
upon one end of the shaft A* is fixed the pulley 3, and upon the opposite end
of the said shaft, a bevilled wheel B³ is fixed, and geers into a bevilled
wheel C, fixed upon the upper end of the upright shaft D³, which works in
suitable bearings attached to the framing A; upon the lower end of the
shaft D' is keyed a bevilled wheel E³, which takes or gears into a bevilled
wheel F, keyed upon the horizontal shaft G. This arrangement is shewn
more distinctly in profile view at Figure 6, where H³ marks a drum or drums
of different diameters, constructed with spiral grooves or channels 1, 2, 3,
around which the chain or band I' (shewn at Figure 4, passes, one end of the

page_text: said chain or band being connected to the part 1 of the drum H³, and the
other end to the carriage, as shewn at Figure 4; K2 marks a projecting piece,
keyed upon one end of the drum 113, which drum or spiral is loose upon the
shaft G; motion being imparted to the said drum or spiral by contact of the
piece L against the piece K²; M marks a short cylinder or drum, fixed
upon one end of the shaft G2; to this cylinder or drum one end of a band or
chain N is attached; the said chain or band passes over a pulley O2 attached
to the framing A, and has a weight P2 fixed at its other end, for the purpose
hereafter mentioned. Now, it will appear evident that as the carriage is
running out, the band or chain I will pull round the drum or spiral H;
the weight P will also descend by its own gravity, and will turn round the
shaft G2, by means of the chain or band N%, and the small drum M³, before
mentioned, and will press the piece I against the opposite side of the piece K²
to that seen in the Figure. When the carriage has reached the termination
of the stretch outwards, the drum or spiral II² will of course remain stationary
until required to run the carriage inwards or towards the rollers. When the
driving strap is brought upon the pulley (3) in connexion with the apparatus
for turning the drum or spiral II, as before mentioned, the shaft G will
begin to revolve in the contrary direction to that in which it was turned by
the descent of the weight P, and the movement of the carriage outwards;
and the drum or spiral H, being loose upon the shaft as before mentioned, will
still remain stationary until the piece L³ is brought round so as to come in
contact with the side of the piece K, shewn in the Figure. The drum or spiral
I will then begin to revolve, and will draw in the carriage by means of the
band or chain I. The movement of the carriage will vary in speed in running-
in, according to the different diameters of the drum or spiral H2, as when the
band or chain I is upon the small part I of the drum or spiral, the movement
of the carriage will be slow, and will so continue until the operation of backing-
off has been performed and that of winding-on has commenced; the speed of
the carriage will then increase as the band or chain passes upon the larger
part (2) of the spiral or drum, and will be again decreased as the band or
chain passes upon the part 3 of the drum or spiral, so as to bring the carriage
gently towards the rollers at the termination of the running-in. The weight P
will also be raised as the carriage runs in, so as to be ready to again turn
round the shaft and piece L³, during the spinning of the next stretch; the
space of time which is allowed to elapse during the turning of the piece L
from one side to the other of the picce K² previous to the commencement of
running-in the carriage, is given in order to allow the operation of stopping
the spindles to be effectually performed previous to the operation of backing-

page_text: off. The pulley, drum, or wheel p at Fig. 4 is operated upon during the
running-in of the carriage by the band or chain r, one end of which is fixed to
the drum p keyed upon the shaft q; the other end of the said band or chain is
attached to a point s, the position of which is capable of being varied between
the points and u, by means of a screw v mounted and working in suitable
bearings in the upright frame w; upon the lower end of the screw v is fixed a
wheel, by means of which the said screw may be turned, and at Figure 13 is
shewn the manner in which the turning of the screw is effected. a represents
a small pulley, loose upon the shaft which passes through it, having attached
to it the palls or catches c, by means of which the ratchet wheel d is turned
when the pulley x is made to revolve in the direction shewn by the dart; the
ratchet wheel d is fast upon the small shaft which passes through it, and to
the said shaft suitable wheels may be attached and made to operate upon the
wheel at the end of the screw (Figure 4), before mentioned. A band or strap z
is passed round the pulley a, and also over a corresponding pulley y, placed at
or near the back part of the machine; upon this band or strap a stop a¹ is
fastened by means of the screw m, and by means of which it may be un-
fastened at pleasure. There is a piece b, which may be made of any form,
attached to the carriage of the mule, which piece has an opening or slot made
in it large enough to allow the band or strap z to pass freely through it, but too
small to admit the stop a', before mentioned, as the carriage moves outwards;
the piece will therefore come in contact with the stop and press it forward
(the stop being fastened by the screw m), and by moving the band or strap z a
certain distance along with it, will turn the pulley x and ratchet wheel d, and will
thereby also turn the screw (Figure 4) by means of wheels placed for the
purpose, as before mentioned.
As the carriage runs in, the piece 6 will have
no effect upon the strap or band z, and a loaded lever g is made to operate up
it in the following manner:- Upon the rod of the faller at e is placed a short
arm or lever, to which a chain or band f is attached at one end, and at the
other to the lever g, attached to the carriage P, shewn in section; when the
fuller is in its position during the operation of spinning, the chain f will hold
the lever g in the position shewn in the Figure, but when the faller descends
during the return of the carriage the lever e will let down the lever g, which is
furnished with a projecting part h, and the latter part h will then rest upon the
piece i, also attached to the carriage, and will press the strap or band between
it and the said piece i, thus taking hold of it and moving it a certain
distance backwards by the running-in of the carriage. The stop a¹ will thus
be returned a certain distance during the running-in of the carriage, and will
be again pressed forward by the piece b during the spinning of the next stretch,
9

page_text: so as again to turn the screw (Figure 4); the point of attachment (S, Figure 4),
will thus bo brought gradually nearer to the point u (in Figure 4), so as to
cause a variation in the movement of the spindles in winding on, as herein-
before described. When the action of the strap or band z is not necessary,
the screw m may be unfastened, and the stop a¹ will then slide upon the strap
or band without producing any effect, and the screw m being again tightened
will again cause motion of the strap and of the screw (Figure 4). The screw
will be turned the contrary way by the attendant when the cop has been
finished by means of a handle made to fit the end of the said screw, or the
end of the small shaft, upon which is the rotchet wheel d, so as to place the
point of attachment or bearing of the winding on chain or band in the proper
position for commencing the formation of the next cop. The distance which
the screw moves the point S (Figure 4) at each stretch of the machine will
depend upon the fineness of the yarn and the size of cop required, and must
be arranged accordingly. At the Figure 8 is shewn an arrangement for
winding the chain or band r upon the drum or pulley (p), see Figure 4, as the
carriage runs out. At the Figure 8, a marks a pulley loose upon the shaft (9) of
the winding on drum or pulley (p); the pulley a has catches or palls (b)
attached to it taking into the ratchet wheel (c), which is fast upon the shaft (1);
around the pulley (a) a band (r) passes, each end of which is firmly fixed to
any convenient part of the framing or floor. It will appear evident that as
the carriage moves from A to B the palls or catches (b), acting against the
teeth on the ratchet wheel (c), will cause motion of the said ratchet wheel and
consequently of the shaft (g) and "winding-on" drum fixed thereon, whereby
the chain (r) (Figure 4) will be wound upon the said drum during the running-
out of the carriage, and as the carriage runs in, the palls or catches (6), having
no effect upon the ratchet wheel (c), will likewise have no effect upon the
winding-on drum, and the chain or band (7) will be unwound therefrom by
the running-in of the carriage, and a variable ratio in the speed of the spindles
will be effected through the agency of the spur wheels (1) and (m) and parts
in connection therewith, as shewn at Figure 4. Another mode of arranging
and regulating the "winding-on" motion is represented at Figure 5 (Drawing
No. 2), where A, A, marks the frame of the headstock; B, B, a shaft fixed
thereto; upon one end of this shaft is fixed the bevilled wheel C, gearing into
a corresponding bevilled wheel D, mounted upon a shaft E, placed crosswise
of the framing and working in suitable bearings. F marks a pulley fixed
upon the shaft E; around this pulley a band G passes, and from thence it
passes over guide pulleys at H to the pulley I, which is mounted upon the
shaft K. Upon one part of this shaft is fixed a pulley L, around which and

page_text: over the pulley L', placed at the opposite end of the frame of the headstock, a
strap or band M passes for communicating motion to the spindles through the
agency of the pulleys N and O, and the pulley (a) which is mounted upon the
upright shaft b, as also is the bevilled wheel D, which gears into a bevilled
5 wheel C, keyed upon the shaft of the pulley N, which is attached to the
framing of the carriage Q. A band at G* passes around the pulley a, which
gives motion to the drums and to the warves on the spindles, by which means
they are driven. Q marks the framing of the mule carriage containing the
spindles R; S, S, marks the wheels upon which the carriage moves along the
rails T, which are placed at convenient distances asunder as in the mule in
common and known use. Motion is imparted to the shaft E and parts in
connection therewith in a precisely similar manner to that shewn and described
at Figure 4, and an arrangement of parts similar to that shewn at the
Figure 4 is also employed for actuating the driving strap and holding fast the
pulley F, as also the mechanical arrangement for running-in the carriage.
The arrangement of parts employed for regulating the "winding-on" motion is as
follows-To one part of the framing A of the headstock one end of the band
or chain r is made fast at the point Z. This band or chain passes under a
carrier pulley u, which is attached to a piece of metal through which the
screw v passes, and by means of which the said piece is actuated in a similar
manner to that before described and represented at Figures 4 and 13; from the
pulley u the band or chain » passes over a carrier pulley V attached to the
framing, and from thence to a drum W, to which the other end of the said
band or chain is made fast; the drum W is placed upon the shaft K, upon
which is also a clutch box, by means of which the drum W, which is loose
upon the shaft, may be made to operate upon the shaft and pulley L, as shewn
at Figure 12, and hereafter described. At the commencement of the formation
of the cop the chain or band r is in the position shewn in the Figure, and the
carrier pulley u, being at the lower part of the screw v, it will appear evident
that when the chain is in this position and the drum W is in gear with the shaft
of the pulley L, the said pulley will be prevented from turning round during
the running-in of the carriage, and the band M being thus held fast will, as
the carriage runs in, cause the pulleys N and O and the pullies a to turn,
thereby communicating motion to the spindles; the size of the pullies N and a,
and of the bevilled wheels which connect them together, should be so arranged
as to impart to the spindles the requisite number of revolutions for taking up
the yarn upon the bare spindles at the commencement of the formation of the
cop and during the running-in the carriage (the operation of backing-off
having been performed previous to commencing the operation of winding-on

page_text: in the manner herein-before particularly described and represented at Figure 4
of Drawing No. 1.) As the diameter of the cop increases in size, the screw V,
as shewn at Figure 5, is turned at each succeeding "stretch" or running-out of
the carriage by the means herein-before described and represented at Figure 13,
by which means the pulley U will be moved towards U¹, the movement of the
screw V being continued until the cop has attained the required size or thick-
ness; as the carriage runs in and out, the pulley X, which is attached to the
carriage, presses upon the chain or band r. Now, suppose the carriage to be
run in, as shewn at this Figure, and the pulley U to be at U', the chain or
band will be in the position denoted by k, a, b, c, d, e, the said chain or
band passing from the point k over the pulley V on to the drum W, as before
mentioned; as the carriage runs out, the pulley X, being carried forward by it,
will press down the chain or band r into the position denoted by k, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
thereby drawing a portion of the said chain or band off the drum W; the
quantity or length of band or chain so drawn off being equal to the difference
between k, a, b, c, d, e, and k, O, 1, 2, 3, 4. Now, suppose the pulley X to be
in the position shewn by dotted lines or at O at the commencement of the
operation of "winding-on," and the drum W to be in gear with the shaft of the
pulley L, as the carriage runs in, the chain or band r will again assume the
position denoted by k, a, b, c, d, e, and will allow the difference between
the lengths of chain or band k, O, 1, 2, 3, 4, and k, a, b, c, d, e, to pass towards
the drum W, which will then be at liberty to turn round in the direction
denoted by the arrow's flight, and the pulley L, being no longer held fast by
the drum W, will move in the same direction, and will let off or disengage a
certain length of the band M, and the said band so released passing in the
same direction as that in which the carriage is moving, will cause the
pullies N and a and spindles in connexion therewith to make fewer resolutions
during the running-in of the carriage than were produced by the band M
being held fast, as before mentioned and shewn, such variation in the number
of resolutions being in accordance with the increasing diameter of the cop, and
being caused by the screw V being turned at each succeeding stretch, or
running-out of the carriage, as herein-before particularly, described and repre-
sented at Figures 4 and 13. The ratio of the speed of the spindles during the
operation of "winding-on" will also gradually change; as, for instance, when the
pulley U is at U', the length of the band M disengaged will be greatest during
the alteration of the position of the pulley X, during the running-in of the
carriage from 0 to 1; and the length of the said band disengaged will
diminish gradually as the carriage runs in, and the pulley X, pressing on the
chain or band r, passes through the distances 1, 2, 2, 3, and 3, 4. The

page_text: quantity of band M let off from the pulley L will thus be gradually lessened
as the carriage runs in, and will thereby cause the spindles to move quicker as
the carriage approaches the rollers, in accordance with the conical shape of the
cop. The ratio in which the chain is allowed to pass on to the drum W will be
determined by finding the difference in the lengths of chain or band between the
points k, O, 1, 2, 3, 4; k, 1, 2, 3, 4; k, 2, 3, 4; k, 3, 4; and the length of chain
or band k, a, b, c, d, e, the entire length of chain disengaged being equal to the
difference between k, O, 1, 2, 3, 4, and k, a, b, c, d, e, of course a different ratio
in which the band is allowed to pass from the pully L, will be required for cops
varying in size, and the adjustment of the several parts must be in accordance
therewith. At the Figures 10 and 11, Drawing No. 3, there is shewn a
method of producing a variable ratio of speed in the movement of the faller, at
which Figures the movements of the said faller, or that part of the machine
which directs the yarn or material upon the spindles during the operation of
winding-on so as to form the cop, are shewn, which movements are produced
by the action of a crank or lever, which is so arranged and acted upon as to
produce a variable movement of the faller, the ratio of such movement varying
according to the space or distance moved through by the said crank or lever,
and likewise according to the relative position of the said crank or lever, with
respect to the faller, and also with that part of the machine, by means of which
the said crank or lever is caused to operate upon the said faller.
Another mode of regulating the "winding-on" motion is represented at the
Figures 5%, and 5b, of Drawing Number 2, where A¹, B', represent a lever
bent, as shewn in these Figures, the fulcrum C¹ being adjustable upon the
screw v. Let there be a chain r attached to the end of the part A¹ of the said
lever, which chain passes over a carrier pulley V, and on the drum W, when
commencing the formation of the cop; these parts are in the position shewn at
Figure 5, the part B¹ of the lever A', B', being in a horizontal position, and
supported by the small wheel or stud D', which is attached to the carriage Q,
and moves backwards and forwards therewith. It will appear obvious that the
aforesaid lever can have no movement when in this position, as the chain r which
is attached to one end of the lever A', B', pulling the said end of the lever.
towards the carrier pulley V, will cause the part B' of the said lever to press
upon the stud or wheel D¹ attached to the carriage, which will sustain the part
B' of the lever in a horizontal position. The drum W, when placed in connec-
tion with the shaft of the pulley I, will hold fast this pulley and the band G
connected with it; and the operation of winding-on will be effected by the
running-in of the carriage, causing the pullies C & O to turn round as before
described at Figure 5 of Drawing Number 2. Let the screw v, which is connected

page_text: with the fulcrum C¹ of the lever A¹, B', be now turned in a similar manner to
that before described at Drawing Number 2, so as to place the fulcrum in the
position shewn at Figure 5b; the lever will then be in the position shewn in
that Figure, with the end of the part B¹ considerably higher than before. As
the carriage runs in, the small wheel D¹ will allow the part B gradually to
descend, and the end A¹ of the said lever will thus be allowed to rise and let
a certain length of the chain r pass towards the drum W, which will thus be
allowed to move also; and the band G being permitted to move a certain
distance in the same direction as the carriage, the number of revolutions of the
spindles during the winding-on will be reduced in accordance with the
increased diameter of the cop. The part B¹ of the lever A¹, B', will descend
with different ratios of speed during the running-in of the carriage. As, for
instance, while the carriage moves so as to change the position of the pulley or
stud D¹ from D¹ to 1, the end B' of the said lever will descend from d to e;
while the stud or pulley moves from 1 to 2, the lever comes down from e to f;
from 2 to 3, the lever will pass from f to g; and from 3 to 4, the lever
descends from g to h. The length of chain let off by the end A¹ of the said
lever will thus be greatest when the carriage is furthest from the rollers, and
will decrease gradually as the carriage runs in, and thereby increase the speed
of the spindles in winding-on, so as to suit the conical form of the cop. The
fulcrum of the lever A', B', will gradually change its position by the turning of
the screw v during the formation of the base of the "cop," and will afterwards
continue at or near the same point until the "cop" is finished.
At the Figures
10 and 11, of Drawing No. 3, A marks a crank or lever having its fulcrum
or centre of motion upon a pin B, working in the piece B*; upon the pin B is
also fixed another crank or lever C, having a pin C* fixed therein, against
which the lever H and also the arm G press when in motion; D marks a
sliding piece, working through guide holes at E, E, formed in the frame or
upright F, or in brackets attached thereto; from one part of the slide D, the
arm G extends in a downward direction; II, H, is a bent lever, having its
fulcrum upon a pin fixed at I, at the back part of the framing; the opposite
end of the said lever has a projecting pin k fixed therein, which works in a slot
in the arm G, and which, as the slide D is moved, imparts motion to the cranks
A and C, by pressure of the bent lever H, H, against the pin C* fixed to the
crank C, and from thence imparts it to the faller L. The means employed for
actuating the slide D are as follows:-The apparatus last-mentioned being
fixed to the carriage moves therewith; as also the bent lever M, M', the
fulcrum of which is a pin or stud N, fixed to the carriage; the upper end of
the lever M has a slot formed therein, into which a pin O takes, such pin being

page_text: fixed to the sliding piece D; the lower end M' of the lever has a pin P fixed
therein, which, as the carriage runs in, is brought into contact with the inclined
plane T fixed to the floor, and thereby raises the end M¹ of the lever, the
opposite end, M, of which produces motion of the sliding piece D, and of the parts
in connection therewith. The space or distance through which the arm A moves
will depend upon the position of the piece B* upon the screw R, R; for
instance, at the commencement of the formation of the cop, the arms or levers
A and B will be in the position shewn at Figure 11, the arm or lever A form-
ing then an angle of about forty-five degrees with the perpendicular; and as
the formation of the cop proceeds, the piece B*, and parts in connection there-
with, will be advanced upwards at each succeeding stretch, by means of the
ratchet wheel S fixed upon the upper part of the screw R, R; the said
ratchet wheel being acted upon as the carriage runs out, by coming into
contact with a pall fixed to any convenient part of the machine.. The pin in
the end of the crank A, B, at A, will thus ascend the incline Y, Z, and the
pin C*, the bent part of the lever H, until the parts are brought into a
similar position to that shewn in Figure 10. The slider D (see Figure 11)
being moved in the direction of the arrow's flight, will place the bent lever
H, H, in the position h, h, carrying with it the crank or lever C into the position c,
and moving the crank or lever A into the position a. Now, it will appear
evident, that by connecting the crank A with an arm or lever U in connection
with the faller, as shewn, the end of the arm or lever U to which the rod
Q is attached will be moved through an equal distance, or nearly so, to that
moved through by the end of the crank A, and will consequently communicate
a corresponding amount of movement to the faller. Let the screw R, R, be
now turned so as to bring the crank A into the position shewn at Figure 10;
and the crank or lever C, and parts in connection therewith, will then be in the
position shewn. The movement of the faller will now be in accordance with
the distances v, w, w, x, x, y, y, z, through which the end of the rod Q,
attached to the crank A, will be lifted whilst the end of the crank A moves
through the equal distances A 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, as shewn by the Figure; the
movement of the faller will be much slower during the movement of the crank
through the distance A' than when moving through the distance 3, 4; and the
gradual change of the ratio of the movement of the faller from that shewn in
Figure 11, to that shewn in Figure 10, will have the effect of directing the yarn
or material on to the spindles in such a manner as to form the base of the cop,
and the movement, as shewn and described at Figure 10, will be continued as
long as may be required to make the cop a sufficient length, the screw R being
turned slowly, so as to cause the yarn or material to be wound higher upon the

page_text: spindle at each succeeding stretch. The lever U is loose upon the faller rod V*,
and is made to operate upon it by means of the arm or lever V, which is fast upon
the faller rod, and when the faller descends during the operation of "backing-off,"
a pin W, fixed to the arm or lever V, is allowed to come into contact with the
arm or lever U, and rests thereon; and by which, motion is communicated to
the faller. It should be observed, that the fallers are weighted, the faller down-
wards, and the counter faller upwards, in the usual manner; and the faller is
lifted at the termination of the running-in of the carriage, by a short arm or
lever fast upon the rod, which is made to come in contact with a stud or
bracket fixed to the headstock, and thereby to raise the faller into the position
shewn at Figure 4, of Drawing No. 1, where it will remain until again
disengaged from the catch, and allowed to descend, as herein-before
particularly described. The driving strap of the mule is changed from the
pulley 3 on to pulley 1, so as again to commence the operation of spinning
by means of the end of the lever 2³, attached to the carriage, striking the lower
end of the loaded lever z, as the carriage finishes the running-in; and the said
lever is made to turn upon a pivot at a³, so that the end of the lever may be
turned sideways, so as to pass the lever Z without touching; and the stud or
bracket Q, also attached to the carriage, will then move the said lever Z so as to
place the strap upon the loose pulley 2, when the machine will remain at rest.
The Figure 12, Drawing No. 1, exhibits a mechanical combination and arrange-
ment of parts by which the mode of backing-off herein-before described may be
combined with the modes of winding-on, shewn and described at Figure 3 of
Drawing Number 1, and Figure 5, Drawing Number 2. In Figure 12, which
is a plan view, A marks a pulley mounted upon the same shaft as the pulley
B, which drives the spindles; C marks a band which drives the pulley E fixed
upon the shaft F. Attached to the carriage upon the shaft F³ there is keyed
a bevilled wheel F, which imparts motion to the bevilled wheel G, as also the
upright spindle a, and horizontal pulley fixed thereon, similar to the arrangement
shewn at Figure 4 of the Drawing No. 1. There is a second shaft I placed in a
line with the shaft F, and upon the shaft I is keyed, or otherwise fixed, the
bevilled wheel I and pulley H, the wheel I being also in gear with the wheel
G, and a band k passes in a similar manner to the band C, over the pullies
H and D, which latter pulley is loose upon the shaft which passes through it.
Thus it will appear evident that when the pulleys B and A are turned, so as to
cause the band C to move in the direction denoted by the arrow's flight, the
arrangement of the wheels and pullies attached to the mule carriage will cause
the band k and pulley D to move in an opposite direction to that of the band C
and pulley A. The break (A'), being applied to the pulley D in the same

page_text: manner as that shewn at the pulley F, Figure 4, will hold fast the pulley D
and the band K, and thereby stop the spindles, and cause the pulley H, as the
carriage is moved inwards, to turn in the contrary direction to that in which it
was driven by the band C during the operation of spinning, and the wheel G,
and the horizontal pulley, with the drums and spindles, will also be turned in
the contrary direction, and the operation of backing-off will be thus effected:
The direction in which the pullies A and B and the band C have been moving
will, of course, in like manner be reversed. This mode of "backing-off" is in
effect the same as that before described, and differs therefrom by employing in
the last-mentioned arrangement two or more bands, or sets of bands, which are
caused to move in opposite directions to each other, one band or pair of bands
being used for spinning, and the other for "backing-off." This mode of actuating
the driving bands is also applicable to the winding-on motions shewn at Figures
3 and 5, as above mentioned, which require the bands used for winding-on to run
in the direction denoted by the arrow's flight in those Figures L representing
the small drum used for regulating the winding-on motion. And I would here
remark that the wheels F and G and the pulley E should be of such dimen-
sions as to cause the horizontal pulley attached to the mule carriage to make
the proper number of revolutions necessary for turning the spindles, so as to
take up the yarn or material at the commencement of the formation of the "cop"
during the running-in of the carriage, and after the operation of backing-off
has been performed. The pulley A and band C will be held by means of a
catch box, shewn at the above Figure. That part which is attached to the
small drum L is, with the drum, loose upon the shaft, and is thrown into gear
therewith by means of the part M, which slides upon a key or feather upon the
said shaft. Thus, the drum L may be thrown into gear with M at the com-
mencement of the operation of "winding-on," whereby the motion of the spindles
will be regulated, and the said drum may be thrown out of gear with the part
M at the termination of the running-in of the carriage, in a similar manner to
that before described, and shewn at Figure 4, with this exception, that the
lever or apparatus employed for throwing the part L into gear, with the part M,
is in this case stationary, instead of moving along with the mule carriage, and
such lever may be actuated in any convenient manner, as we do not lay claim
to or confine ourselves to any particular method of geering and ungeering
the catch or clutch boxes herein-before mentioned, which operations may be
effected by any means which may seem most desirable. The break A¹ may be**
placed in and out of contact with the pulley D in a similar manner to that before
described, and shewn at Figure 4, such break being placed in contact with the

page_text: said pulley by means of the rod used for changing or altering the position of
the driving strap of the machine, or by means of a spring placed for the
purpose, and out of contact by a stud or projection attached to or connected
with the mule carriage.
Having now described and shewn our improvements in connexion with
machinery well known and in use for spinning, so as thereby to enable persons
conversant with spinning machinery to carry out and put in practice our said
improvements, we wish it to be understood that we do not intend to claim the
exclusive use of such known machinery, or of the several separate parts thereof,
except when the same are employed in connection with or for the purposes of
our Invention; and, in order to disclaim such known machinery and parts, and
to point out and define with particularity our said Invention, we hereby declare
that we limit and confine our claim to Invention under the said Letters Patent
to the following particulars; that is to say,-
Firstly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the several
arrangements herein-before described by reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
Sheet 1; Figure 5, Sheet 2; and Figure 5%, and Figure 5b, Sheet 2^, for the
purpose of effecting the necessary variation in the motion of the spindles in the
winding-on, according to the increasing size of the cop.
Secondly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the arrange-
ments above described, by reference to Figure 4, Sheet 1, for the purpose of
backing-off.
Thirdly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the arrangements
above described, and shewn in Figures 10 and 11, Sheet 3, for the purpose of
directing and training the yarn upon the spindles in winding-on.
Fourthly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the combination
and arrangement berein-before described and represented at Figure 12, Sheet 1,
for the purpose of performing the operations of backing-off and winding on by
means of bands running in opposite directions, such bands being alternately
made to act upon the spindles, as herein-before described.
Fifthly, we claim the combination of the several particulars firstly, secondly,
and thirdly above claimed, in connection with the old headstock of the ordinary
hand mule, as above described, and represented in Figure 4, Sheet 1.
And, lastly, we claim as an improvement in machinery and apparatus used
for spinning, the adapting self-acting movements to the headstock of the
ordinary hand mule, so as to render the same self-acting.
We do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the same, and that we
do verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all respects fully,

page_text: and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore, we hereby claim to maintain
exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Brierly (party hereto on behalf of
himself and the within-named William Eccles) have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
HENRY
(L.S.) BRIERLY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of February, In
the year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid Henry Brierly came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-six.

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to William Eccles and Henry
Brierly, both of the Township of Walton-le-Dale, in the Parish of
Blackburn, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Spinners, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED
IN SPINNING," bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION, entered by the
said William Eccles and Henry Brierly with the Clerk of the Patents of
England, pursuant to an Act passed in the Fifth and Sixth years of His
late Majesty's reign, intituled, "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters
Patent for Inventions."
WE, the said WILLIAM ECCLES and HENRY BRIERLY, do hereby declare that
since obtaining the grant of the said Letters Patent, and the inrollment of the
Specification thereof, doubts have arisen as to the novelty and public utility of
certain parts of the Invention claimed, or intended to be claimed; also, that
certain errors have been discovered which were inadvertently made. We are,
therefore anxious to amend our said Specification by the entry of a Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration, and for this purpose have applied to Her Majesty's
Attorney-General, and obtained his leave to enter a Disclaimer and Memoran-
dum of Alteration to the said Specification of the said Letters Patent; and,
therefore, we, the said William Eccles and Henry Brierly, do hereby make the
following Disclaimer and Alterations in reference to our Specification aforesaid
(that is to say):
:-
We strike out the words "Description of the Invention," such words being
improperly placed; also, in the sentence beginning" At the Drawing, No. 2, A"
we strike out the word "At"; also, near the said sentence, "Fig. 5, A," has been
written instead of Fig. 5", and "5B" instead of 5b, which we amend accordingly.
Also, the word "resolutions" has been written instead of revolutions, which we
accordingly amend. And further on in the said Specification we disclaim and
strike out the words "or the line of direction C, D, may be made to describe a
segment of a circle, as C, F, D, E, during the alternate movements of the carriage
outwards and inwards, which will have the effect of causing a still greater
variation in the ratio of movement of the drum, pulley, or wheel;" also, near
the last-mentioned sentence the letter of reference "a" has been written instead
of A, which we now alter; also, in the sentence "the length of band, chain,

page_text: or strap," the word "the" has been omitted, which we now insert between the
words "of" and "band"; also in the sentence, "In passing I to K," the word
"from" has been omitted, which we now insert between the word "passing" and
the letter of reference "I"; also, in the sentence, "Another modification of the
foregoing arrangements," the word "arrangements" has been written instead of
arrangement, which we now substitute; also, after the words, "we employ a small
drum or pulley F," we insert, for the sake of clearness, the words "(answering
to that shewn at Z, Fig. 2"); also, near the same place, the letter of reference "F"
has been written instead of F*, which we now substitute; also, in the sentence,
"The running of the carriage," the word "out" has been omitted, which we now
insert between the words "running" and "of"; also, after the words, "as the
base of the cop is formed upon the spindles by the means hereafter described,"
we insert, for the sake of clearness, the words, "or by the hand of the opera-
tive, as is usual in some machines of this class;" also, in the words, "the
pulley a, which is mounted upon the upright shaft b," we strike out the word
"upright," such term not being strictly correct; also, further on in the said
Specification, the word "level" has been written instead of lever, which we alter
accordingly; also, the word "wheels" has been written instead of wheel, which
we now substitute; also, in the words, "the lever p is attached to carriage of
the mule," the word "the" has been omitted, and which we now insert between
the words "to" and "carriage"; also, in the words, and a loaded lever g is made
to operate up it," the word "up". should be upon, and we, therefore, alter it
accordingly; also, the word "rotchet" has been written for "ratchet," which we
now amend; also, in reference to the sentence, "the pulley (a) which is
mounted upon the upright shaft 6," the said letter of reference 6 has been
omitted in. the Drawing; we therefore alter the words "the upright" into
"an upright," and strike out the letter of reference "6"; also, near the same
place, in the said Specification, it is stated that "S, S, mark the wheels, &c.,"
whereas the said wheels are not shewn in the Drawing; we therefore introduce
the words " positions of the" before the said word "wheels"; also, in the
sentence, "during the running-in the carriage," the word "of" has been
omitted, which we now introduce between the said words "in" and "the";
also, in another sentence of the said Specification, the word "resolutions" has
in two places been written instead of "revolutions," which we now substitute;
also, in the sentence, "which chain passes over a carrier pulley V, and on the
drum W," the word "on" should have been written "on to," which we now
substitute; also, further on in the said Specification, the letter of reference "G"
has in two places been written instead of "M," which we now substitute; also
after the sentence, "The fulcrum of the lever A', B', will gradually change its

page_text: position by the turning of the screw r during the formation of the base of the
cop, and will afterwards continue at or near the same point until the cop is
finished," we introduce, for the sake of clearness, the following words, "This
turning of the screw may be effected in the manner before described in
reference to Figs. 4 and 13"; also, in the sentence, "the arms or levers
A and B," the letter of reference "B" should have been "C;" we therefore
alter it accordingly; also, in the sentence, "The slider D (see Fig. 11) being
moved in the direction of the arrow's flight will place, &c." we insert between
the words "flight" and "will" the reference "(Fig. 10)"; also, further on in
the said Specification, the letter of reference "Z3" has in two places been
written instead of "," which we now substitute; also, we disclaim and strike
out from our said Specification that part of the claim described therein as
fifthly"; also, we disclaim and strike out from our said Specification that
part of the claim described as "lastly."
By which Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration, our said Specification
will read as follows:-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
ECCLES and HENRY BRIERLY, both of the Township of Walton-le-Dale, in
the Parish of Blackburn, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Spinners, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
five, in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, her heirs, and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Eccles and Henry Brierly, our exors,
adors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and
authority, that we, the said William Eccles and Henry Brierly, our exors,
adaiors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Eccles and Henry
Brierly, our exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein men-
tioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies
and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING;' in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that we, the said William Eccles and Henry Brierly, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and scal of one of us,
cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Eccles and Henry Brierly, do hereby declare that the nature of this
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the illustrative Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
=
This Invention has reference to improvements in machinery or apparatus
used in spinning, and consists in certain improvements in the machine called
the "mule." This machine, which is extensively used in the spinning of cotton,
wool, and other fibrous materials or substances, has in its construction two
main features; firstly, the rollers employed in drawing the cotton or other
material to the required fineness, and secondly, the carriage containing the
spindles employed for twisting and taking up the yarn or material so as to
form the "cop." The operations of the above-mentioned machine in known or
common use are as follows:-
The drawing rollers are placed in a frame fixed to the ground or floor, and
the said rollers revolve upon their axes only during the time of the carriage being
in motion, such carriage being mounted upon wheels which are caused to
traverse over a certain distance so as alternately to recede from and approach
the rollers. The carriage recedes as the rollers deliver the material, the spindles
in the carriage revolving at the same time so as to twist the yarn or material,
and when the carriage has gone a sufficient distance the carriage stops, the
spindles continuing to revolve until the requisite quantity of twist has been
imparted to the yarn or material; the spindles are then stopped, and the car-
riage returned towards the rollers, and to within a certain distance of them,
the yarn or material being coiled or wound upon the spindles at the same
time. The receding or running-out of the carriage and returning it to within
a certain distance from the rollers is called a "stretch," and the effect of the
constant working of the machine is to produce a succession of such stretches.
The return or running-in of the carriage towards the rollers, together with the
"winding-on" and directing of the yarn or material upon the spindles, so as to
form the "cop," is performed in hand mules by manual labor, and one object
of this Invention is to supersede the necessity of such labor by so combining
and arranging the several parts of the machine, and making such additions
thereto, as to render it capable of performing all the movements required for
the due performance of the several operations of spinning the yarn or material,

page_text: the returning or running-in of the carriage, and the taking-up or winding-on
of the yarn or material upon the spindles in the required form or manner.
We will suppose the carriage containing the spindles to have receded a certain
distance from the drawing and delivering rollers, and the requisite amount of
twist to have been imparted to the yarn or material; a certain piece of
mechanism called a "break" or friction pulley is then brought into operation,
and is made to act upon that part of the machine which drives the spindles, or
upon any convenient part of the machine which is connected with them, or by
means of which the said break or friction pulley may be made to act upon
them. The effect of bringing this part of the machine into operation is to stop
the spindles; the movement or running-in of the carriage towards the rollers
then commences, the aforesaid break or friction pulley holding fast certain of
the bands connected with the mechanism employed for driving the said
spindles in the manner hereafter described, and such holding fast these bands
while the carriage is moved causes the spindles to turn backwards, or in a
contrary direction to that in which they revolved during the operation of
twisting; the effect of this is to unwind a portion of the yarn or material from
the spindles, which is called backing-off, and at the same time to slacken the
yarn by the running-in of the carriage, so as to allow that part of the me-
chanism called the faller to descend, which is effected in the manner herein-
after described. The uncoiling and slackening of the yarn or material and the
descent of the faller having been effected, the carriage continues to move
inwards towards the rollers, and at the same time the operations of directing
or guiding and winding of the yarn upon the spindles are accomplished. For
winding the yarn or material upon the spindles, so as to form the cop, it is
necessary to impart to the said spindles a movement which is capable of being
varied so as to suit the different diameters which the cop acquires during its
formation upon the said spindles; this variable motion is obtained in the
manner herein-after fully described and represented by the illustrativo Draw-
ings hereunto annexed, in which similar letters of reference are placed upon
and denote corresponding parts in each of the Figures of each Sheet of
Drawings respectively.
At the Drawing No. 1, the Figure 1 exhibits a diagram illustrative of the
principle upon which the variable movement of the spindles during the winding-
on of the yarn is produced; Fig. 2 exhibits another diagram illustrative of
another mode of varying the motion of the spindles; Fig. 3 is a transverse
section of a mule carriage, exhibiting another arrangement of parts for varying

page_text: the motion of the spindles in winding on; Fig. 4 exhibits a side elevation of
the headstock of a mule and transverse section of the carriage containing the
spindles. At the Drawing No. 2, Fig. 5 represents a side elevation of the
headstock of a mule and transverse section of the carriage containing the
spindles and other parts in connection therewith, as also another arrangement
of parts for regulating the winding-on motion. The Drawing No. 2 A
exhibits two views of another arrangement of parts to be employed for varying
the motion of the spindles during the operation of winding-on. The Fig 5*
represents an elevation of a portion of the headstock of a common hand mule,
and a transverse and vertical section of a mule carriage, shewing one position
of the improvements hereafter described; Fig. 5b exhibits the improvements
last mentioned in another position; similar letters of reference to those used at
Fig. 5, Sheet 2, are placed upon and denote corresponding parts in so far as
such parts appear or can be seen at each of the Figures respectively. At the
Drawing No. 1, Fig. 6 exhibits an end view of the headstock shewing the
mechanical arrangement employed for drawing up or running in the carriage.
The Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 respectively exhibit several views of
parts hereafter described and referred to. At the Figure 1, let X represent
a pulley, drum, or wheel, which is supposed to be moved backwards and
forwards, and on the same plane; between the points A and B, let there be
a chain, band, or strap S, which may be wound or coiled upon the wheel,
pulley, or drum X during its movement from B to A, and be unwound when
moving from A to B. Let this chain, band, or strap be attached to or made
to bear upon the point C, and the drum or pulley X as it is moved from A to B
will be made to revolve upon its centre by the uncoiling of the strap or band S.
The motion of the drum or pulley will then be uniform throughout its course
from A to B, and the number of revolutions made by the drum or pulley X will be
equal to the number of times which its circumference is contained in the distance
between A and B, as for example, the distances from X to X', X' to X2, X' to X³,
and from X³ to X* are equal between themselves, and also to the lengths of
chain or band which will be uncoiled when the drum or pulley X passes
through the said distances. Let the point of attachment of the chain, band,
or strap be now moved from C to D, and the drum or pulley X while moved
from X to X' will then only unwind the length of chain a, b, while passing
from X to X2 it will unwind the length c, d, from X to X³ the length e, f,
and from X to X* the length g, h. The movement of the drum or pulley X
when working with the point of attachment or bearing of the chain, band, or
strap S, at D, will thus be such as gradually to increase the speed thereof, as
the said drum approaches the point B, and such increase of speed will be in
proportion to the lengths of chain, band, or strap a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, which

page_text: are uncoiled from the drum or pulley X during its passage between the equal
distances from X to X', as before mentioned. According to this diagram the
movements of the pulley, drum, or wheel X, when the chain, band, or strap is
at C, will be equable, and will change gradually as the point of attachment of
the chain, band, or strap S is moved from C to D, to a movement which will
increase in speed as the drum, &c. approaches B, whence the necessary variable
motion of the spindles for performing the operation of winding-on during the
formation of the "cop." The proper ratio of speed in the revolutions of the
drum, pulley, or wheel, so as to suit the particular size of cop required will be
obtained by a suitable adjustment of the parts, and of the distances passed
through by them, as the distance from A to B, which is traversed by the
drum, wheel, or pulley X, the distance through which the point of attachment
of the band or chain S is moved from C towards D, and the distance from the
point C to the drum, pulley, or wheel X, when the operation of winding-on
commences.
In the application of the above-mentioned principle for the purposes of this
Invention, a variety of methods or modifications of construction or arrangements
may be employed without departing from the spirit of this part of the Invention;
for example, the wheel or pulley X may be so arranged as to travel or move
backwards and forwards with the carriage of the mule, and be made to
operate upon the spindles by means of gearing suitably arranged and fixed
for that purpose, or the wheel or pulley X may be stationary, and the point of
attachment or bearing of the band, chain, or strap S be made to move,
thereby communicating to the wheel or pulley X the same amount of motion
as at first. The direction in which the point of attachment C is carried may
also be varied, so as to cause the said point to be moved either at a right angle
to the line of direction A, B, of the wheel or pulley X, or at an acute angle
to the line of direction A, B, as shewn by the dotted line C, E, at Figure 1,
or at an obtuse angle to such line of direction, as shewn by the line C, F, at
Figure 1. In order to obtain a movement which will admit of greater
variation of speed of the wheel or pulley X than that above mentioned, we
employ a moveable arm or lever, to one part of which the point of attachment
of "the winding-on" chain, band, or strap S is connected, as exhibited by the
diagram Fig. 2. Let A, B, represent a moveable arm or lever, the fulcrum
of which is at A, the end B of the said lever describing the arc B, C. Let Z
represent the pulley or wheel employed for winding the yarn or material upon
the spindles, the line of motion of such pulley or wheel being marked by D, E.
X, X', marks two wheels or pullies revolving upon studs or pivots 1, 2, fixed
to the flooring or the framing of the machine; round these pullies the chain,
band, or strap S passes in its way from the point of attachment A to

page_text: the wheel or pulley Z; the said wheel or pulley being moved from
D to E will unwind the length of chain, band, or strap denoted by D, E,
whilst the point of attachment remains at A. Now, let the said point
of attachment be changed from A to F (in the manner hereafter described).
then during the movement of the wheel or pulley Z, from D to E, and
the describing of the arc B, C, by the end of the lever A, B, the point of
attachment F will move through the arc F, G, and by thus allowing a
certain length of the chain, band, or strap to pass in the direction denoted
by F, X, X', D, E, it will cause the wheel or pulley Z to make fewer revolu-
tions than were produced when the point of attachment was at A, since the
length of chain, band, or strap unwound will only equal the difference between
the distance D, E, through which the wheel or pulley has moved, and the
length of the band, chain, or strap, which is allowed to pass over the
pullies X, X', by the alteration of position of the point of attachment F, towards
the point G. It should be observed that when working with the point of
attachment of the band, strap, or chain S at F, the revolutions of the wheel or
pulley Z will gradually increase as it approaches the point E, in consequence
of the change of situation of the point F; the movement of the point of attach-
ment of the band, chain, or strap from F to H, will cause the length of
band a, b, to pass towards the winding-on wheel or pulley Z, the speed of which
will be reduced accordingly; while moved from H to I, the length b, c, will be
disengaged; in passing from I to K, the length c, d, and from K to G, the
length d, e, will be disengaged. The difference between the lengths a, b b, c
c, d, and d, e, will cause the movement of the wheel or pulley Z to vary in speed,
such variation being in proportion to the said difference, the speed gradually
increasing in proportion as the lengths a, b b, c c, d d, e, diminish. Another
modification of the foregoing arrangement consists in making the wheel or
pulley Z stationary, and causing the lever A, B, to communicate the proper
ratio of speed to the said wheel or pulley. At the Figure 3, let A represent a
mule carriage, shewn in transverse section; B, the pulley for driving the spindles;
C, the band, chain, or strap passing over the said pulley and over a corresponding
pulley D, and from thence around a pulley or pullies D* attached to the carriage
for giving motion to the spindles through the agency of the pulley E2, and drums
in connection therewith. Now, when the carriage is moved inwards or towards
the rollers, and the pulley B and band C are held fast, in the manner here-
after described, or only slightly moved, the pulley D* will be turned in the
same direction as that in which it revolved during the operation of spinning
the yarn or material, and thereby wind up the yarn upon the spindles (the
operation of "backing-off" having been previously performed). The number of

page_text: revolutions made by the spindles in winding on will of course depend upon the
size of the pullies D*, E³, and drums, which should be so arranged, in respect of
the spindles, as to give the required number of revolutions thereto for taking
up the yarn upon the bare spindles during the time which the band C is held
fast, or has only a slight movement in the same direction to that of the
carriage. In order to regulate the number of revolutions of the spindles in
winding-on, we employ a small drum or pulley F (answering to that shewn at Z,
Fig. 2), which is brought into connection with the pulley B previous to the
commencement of the winding-on by means of a catch box (similar to that
shown at O, Fig. 9, or at M, L, Fig. 12); a band or chain, F*, is connected at
one end to the drum or pulley F, and is passed over the carrier pulley M, and
connected at its other end to the lever G, H, I, one end of which lever
describes the arc G, K, during the alternate movements of the carriage. To
the end G of the lever K, a band or chain (L) is attached, and passes over
guide pullies 1, 2, 3, and from thence to the carriage to which it is attached, as
shewn. The running-out of the carriage will raise the lever G, H, I, and the
running-in will allow the said lever to descend; the band Fx, which I call a
regulating band, is connected to the lever G, H, I, at the point h, at the com-
mencement of the formation of the "cop," so that when the drum F is geered
to the shaft of the pulley B, as elsewhere described, the said drum and pulley
will he held fast, or only allowed to move slightly, and the band C being also
held will cause the pulley D* and the pulley E³, with the drums and spindles,
to revolve during the running-in of the carriage, and thereby perform the
operation of winding the yarn or material upon the spindles. Now, let the posi-
tion of the point of attachment of the band F* be changed from the point h to
II, and the movement of the lever G, H, I, will allow the length of chain Hd to
pass towards the drum F, during the running-in of the carriage, and the said
drum and the pulley B being thus permitted to move, will allow a certain length
of the band C to pass forward in the same direction as that of the carriage when
running in, thereby reducing the number of revolutions made by the spindles,
and this will be in proportion to the increasing diameter of the cop. The
variations in the speed of the spindles will also be in proportion to the lengths
of chain or strap marked H, a, a, b, b, c, c, d, which are allowed to pass to the
drum or pulley F, while the point H of the lever G, H, I, describes the equal
distances H, w, w, x, x, y, y, z. The position of the point of attachment of the
band F will be changed gradually from I to H, as the base of the cop is
formed upon the spindles, by the means hereafter described, or by the hand of
the operative, as is usual in some machines of this class, and it will afterwards
continue at or near the point H until the cop is finished. The length of the

page_text: lever to be used for regulating the "winding-on," and the radius and length of
the are described by the said lever, as also the size of the drum or pulley F,
and the number of revolutions made by it, will severally depend upon the size
of the cop required and the distance moved through by the carriage, and must
be arranged and constructed accordingly. At the Figure 4 is shewn a side
elevation of the headstock of a mule; A, A, marks the framing; B, B, a shaft,
working in standards fixed thereto; upon one end of this shaft is fixed the
bevelled wheel C, gearing into a corresponding bevelled wheel D; mounted
upon a shaft E, placed crosswise of the framing and working in suitable
bearings. F marks a pulley fixed upon the shaft E; around this pulley a
band G passes, and from thence it passes over guide pullies at H, to tho
pulley I, which is mounted upon the shaft K; upon one part of this shaft is
fixed a pulley L, around which and over the pulley L' a band M passes for
communicating motion to the spindles through the agency of pullies N and O;
and the pulley a, which is mounted upon the shaft b, as also is the bevelled
wheel c, which gears into a bevilled wheel d, keyed upon the shaft of the
pulley o, which is attached to the carriage P; a band or bands pass around the
pulley a, and give motion to the drums, and the wharves upon the spindles, by
which means the said spindles are driven; P, the frame of the mule carriage,
containing the spindles R; S, S, marks the wheels upon which the carriage
moves along the rails T, which are placed at convenient distances asunder, as
in the mule in common and known use. Motion is communicated to the
shaft E, (upon which the pulley F is keyed) by the bevilled wheel C, which
receives motion from the prime mover by a driving strap, passing from thence
over the pullies U, which are mounted upon the shaft B. When spinning the
yarn or material, the driving strap runs upon the pulley marked 1, which is
fast upon the shaft B; during this time the carriage is caused to run out or to
recede from the rollers Z' in a precisely similar manner to the carriages of the
hand mules, in known and common use, and the rollers are made to revolve
and deliver the yarn or material in the usual manner. When the carriage has
reached the termination of the stretch, or receded a sufficient distance from the
rollers, and the spindles have finished twisting the yarn or material, the rod W,
with the strap fork X, is disengaged from the catch or stop Y, either by a
projecting stud fixed to the framing of the carriage, which lifts the said catch
or stop, or by means of the small shaft, called the twist shaft, well known as
used in the hand mule, and the rod W is drawn by the weighted lever Z, so as
to place the driving strap upon the pulley marked 3, such pulley being in con-
nection with an apparatus for drawing the carriage inwards or towards the
drawing and delivering rollers, as hereafter fully described; at the same time

page_text: that the strap is moved from the pulley 1 to 3, a break or friction piece A¹,
hereafter fully described, is brought into operation upon the pulley F, (which
is formed with a projecting run or flanch for that purpose), through the
medium of the bent lever B', which works upon a stud or pin C¹ fixed in a
standard, attached to the framing A; the lower end of the lever B¹ is moved
forwards or towards the delivering rollers Z' by a stop or stud D', fixed upon
the rod W, pressing against it, by which the shorter or bent end E¹ of the
lever is raised, and with it the part F, G, which is attached thereto. In con-
nection with this last-mentioned piece is the curved piece or break A¹, having
its fulcrum at I; K' marks a pin fixed to the said piece, and resting in a
recess or catch formed in the piece F, G¹, as shewn; the part E¹ of the lever
being raised will cause pressure of the curved piece or break A' against the
pulley F, and prevent its turning, thereby stopping the motion of the spindles.
The carriage must now be drawn inwards towards the delivering rollers Z¹,
and the operations of "backing off," directing and guiding the yarn or
material upon the spindles, and winding it thereon be performed. The opera-
tion of "backing off," or unwinding and slackening a portion of the yarn or
material from the spindles, so as to allow that part of the mechanism called the
faller to descend, is effected in the following manner:-Whilst the carriage is
performing the first part of its movement towards the delivering rollers Z',
which it does slowly for the first few inches, the break or curved piece A¹ still
remains in contact with a pulley F, and by holding fast this pulley, as also the
pullies I and L, and the band M, the pullies N and O are caused to turn
backwards, or in the contrary direction to that in which they turned whilst
twisting the yarn. Suppose, for example, the band or bands M to be moving
in the direction denoted by the arrow's flight, or from front to back of the
headstock, during the operation of spinning, these bands being held fast by the
break or friction piece A¹, will cause the pullies N, O, and a, to turn in the
contrary direction when the carriage is moved inwards. The spindles will thus
be turned backwards, and unwind a portion of the yarn therefrom, and the
yarn or material will be also slackened by the movement of the carriage, and
thus the operation of backing off will be effected. The directing and guiding
of the yarn upon the spindles is effected in the following manner:-A piece of
mechanism called a faller, such as is commonly used for the above purpose,
and marked L' in this Figure, is retained in its proper position during the
operation of spinning by a catch (a¹), taking hold of a stud (61), which is
attached to a short arm or lever (c), fixed upon the faller rod (d¹); the end of
the catch a is lifted when the carriage is near the termination of the stretch
outwards, by coming into contact with a stud (e¹), attached to the framing of

page_text: the headstock, whereby the said catch becomes disengaged from the stud b',
and the faller is then supported by a stud (f), attached to another short
arm (g), fixed upon the faller rod (d), resting upon the upper part of
the incline (¹); the stud (f¹) is allowed gradually to descend the inclined
plane (¹), by the inward movement of the carriage, which is effecting
the operation of backing off, at the same time the counter faller M¹ is
also liberated, and allowed to act upon the yarn, so as to keep it tight
in the usual manner. The miode of arranging and actuating the faller
and counter faller with respect to each other is shewn more distinctly at
Fig. 7, where M¹ marks the counter faller, and L¹ the faller. C is a short
arm attached to the faller rod C, and D is a short curved arm attached to
the counter faller E. E is a chain or band, passing under a pulley F attached
to the carriage, by which the faller L' and counter faller M¹ are connected
together by the levers or arms C, D, and when the parts are in the position
shewn at this Figure, and during the operation of spinning, the chain E is
tight, which prevents the counter faller M¹ rising; but when the faller L'
descends during the operation of backing off, the chain becomes slackened, and
allows the counter faller M¹ to rise by the gravitation of the weight N¹ attached
thereto, thereby giving to the yarn or material the requisite amount of tension.
The counter faller M¹ may be depressed by having a short curved arm O'
attached thereto, which is brought into contact with a stud or projection fixed
to the framing of the headstock by the running in of the carriage, and just
before it has completed the extent of its range; and a similar short arm or
lever P¹ upon the faller rod C* is used for lifting the faller at the same time.
The faller when lifted will again tighten the chain or band E, E, and keep the
counter faller in its proper position until it is again required to act. The
operation of "backing off," and the descent of the faller having been effected,
the break A¹ at Fig. 4 is disengaged from the pulley F by the projecting piece
i (which is attached to the carriage), coming into contact with the piece k,
attached to the piece F, G, at 1, which is the fulcrum thereof. It will be seen
upon referring to the Drawing at this Figure, that the piece i has no effect
upon the break during the running out of the carriage; but as the carriage
runs in, and the piece i comes in contact with the piece k, this latter piece
will be arrested by a pin a¹, and the piece K' is disengaged from the stud by
which it holds the break A', as before shewn, and the break A¹ will drop out
of contact with the pulley F, and the machine is then in a position to com-
mence the operation of "winding on," which is effected in the following
manner-m marks a spur wheel fixed upon the axis of the pulley O, which is
so arranged as to impart motion to the said pulley, the wheels c, d, and pulley

page_text: 66
on
a, through the medium of the spur wheel 1, as hereafter described and shewn
at Fig. 9, where the said wheel 2 is shewn constructed with indentations upon
one of its faces, into which the projections of the clutch box o take. The said
clutch box slides upon a feather in the shaft 7, and is thrown into and out
of gear
with the wheel l, which is loose upon the shaft, by the means hereafter
described. During the spinning of the yarn, and also whilst the operation of
'backing off" is being performed, the clutch box o remains out of gear with
the wheel l, as shewn at the above Fig. 9; and when the operation of "winding
" is to commence, a lever p is made to throw the clutch box into gear with
the wheel. The lever p is attached to the carriage of the mule, and operates
upon the clutch box by striking against inclined planes a, b, one of which a¹
is so formed as to operate only in one direction, the carriage passing it when
moving outwards, or in the direction pointed out by the dart. The end 1 of
the lever p, which is also attached to the carriage, will pass under the stud c,
and push forward the incline b, which works upon a fulcrum at a; but as the
carriage returns, and the end 1 of the lever p again comes in contact with the
piece b, this latter piece will be prevented from moving by the stud c, and
the end 1 of the lever p will be compelled to descend so as to pass under
the piece b, and will thus cause the part 3 of the lever to place the clutch box
in gear, and when the carriage has reached the termination of the stretch
inwards, a piece of the form shewn at bis placed in such a position as again
to raise the end 1 of the lever p, thus placing the clutch box out of gear. The
running in of the carriage is effected in the following manner :-At the Figures
4 and 6, A marks a hollow shaft, working around the shaft B. Upon one end
of the shaft A³ is fixed the pulley 3, and upon the opposite end of the said shaft
a bevelled wheel B is fixed, and gears into a bevelled wheel C² fixed upon the
upper end of the upright shaft D', which works in suitable bearings attached
to the framing A. Upon the lower end of the shaft D² is keyed a bevilled
wheel E³, which takes or gears into a bevilled wheel F, keyed upon the hori-
zontal shaft G. This arrangement is shewn more distinctly in profile view at
Fig. 6, where H2 marks a drum or drums of different diameters, constructed
with spiral grooves or channels 1, 2, 3, around which the chain or band I
shewn at Fig. 4 passes; one end of the said chain or band being connected to
the part 1 of the drum H, and the other end to the carriage, as shewn at
Fig. 4. K marks a projecting piece, keyed upon one end of the drum H²,
which drum or spiral is loose upon the shaft G2, motion being imparted to the
said drum or spiral by contact of the piece L' against the piece K². M² marks
a short cylinder or drum, fixed upon one end of the shaft G2; to this cylinder
or drum one end of a band or chain N is attached. The said chain or band

page_text: passes over a pulley O2 attached to the framing A, and has a weight P* fixed
at its other end, for the purpose hereafter mentioned. Now, it will appear
evident that as the carriage is running out, the band or chain I will pull
round the drum or spiral H2; the weight P2 will also descend by its own
gravity, and will turn round the shaft G2 by means of the chain or band N³
and the small drum M³ before mentioned, and will press the piece L* against
the opposite side of the piece K³ to that seen in the Figure. When the car-
riage has reached the termination of the stretch outwards, the drum or spiral
H³ will of course remain stationary until required to run the carriage inwards
or towards the rollers. When the driving strap is brought upon the pulley
(3) in connection with the apparatus for turning the drum or spiral H³, as
before mentioned, the shaft G2 will begin to revolve in the contrary direction
to that in which it was turned by the descent of the weight P2 and the move-
ment of the carriage outwards, and the drum or spiral H2 being loose upon the
shaft, as before mentioned, will still remain stationary until the piece L² is
brought round, so as to come in contact with the side of the piece K³, shewn
in the Figure. The drum or spiral H will then begin to revolve, and will
draw in the carriage by means of the band or chain I. The movement
of the carriage will vary in speed in running-in, according to the different
diameters of the drum or spiral H2, as when the band or chain I² is upon
the small part 1 of the drum or spiral, the movement of the carriage will be
slow, and will so continue until the operation of backing-off has been performed
and that of winding-on has commenced. The speed of the carriage will then
increase as the band or chain passes upon the larger part (2) of the spiral
or drum, and will be again decreased as the band or chain passes upon
the part 3 of the drum or spiral, so as to bring the carriage gently towards
the rollers at the termination of the running-in. The weight P² will also
be raised as the carriage runs in, so as to be ready to again turn round
the shaft and piece L2 during the spinning of the next stretch. The
space of time which is allowed to elapse during the turning of the piece L³
from one side to the other of the piece K previous to the commencement
of running-in the carriage, is given in order to allow the operation of
stopping the spindles to be effectually performed previous to the operation
of backing off. The pulley, drum, or wheel p at Fig. 4 is operated upon
during the running-in of the carriage by the band or chain r, one end
of which is fixed to the drum p, keyed upon the shaft q. The other
end of the said band or chain is attached to a point s, the position of
which is capable of being varied between the points t and u, by means
of a screw v mounted and working in suitable bearings in the upright

page_text: frame w; upon the lower end of the screw is fixed a wheel by means of
which the said screw may be turned, and at Fig. 13 is shewn the manner in
which the turning of the screw is effected. x represents a small pulley loose
upon the shaft which passes through it, having attached to it the palls or
catches c, by means of which the ratchet wheel d is turned when the pulley x
is made to revolve in the direction shewn by the dart; the ratchet wheel dis
fast upon the small shaft which passes through it, and to the said shaft
suitable wheels may be attached and made to operate upon the wheel at the
end of the screw (Fig. 4), before mentioned. A band or strap z is passed round the
pulley x and also over a corresponding pulley y, placed at or near the back part
of the machine; upon this band or strap a stop a¹ is fastened by means of the
screw m, and by means of which it may be unfastened at pleasure. There is
a piece b, which may be made of any form attached to the carriage of the
mule, which piece has an opening or slot made in it large enough to allow the
band or strap z to pass freely through it, but too small to admit the stop a¹
before mentioned as the carriage moves outwards; the piece b will therefore
come in contact with the stop and press it forward (the stop being fastened by
the screw m), and by moving the band or strap za certain distance along with
it, will turn the pulley x and ratchet wheel d, and will thereby also turn the
screw (Fig. 4) by means of wheels placed for the purpose, as before mentioned.
As the carriage runs in, the piece 6 will have no effect upon the strap or band,
and a loaded lever g is made to operate upon it in the following manner :-
Upon the rod of the faller at e is placed a short arm or lever, to which a
chain or band f is attached at one end, and at the other to the lever g attached
to the carriage P, shewn in section; when the faller is in its position during the
operation of spinning, the chain f will hold the lever g in the position shewn
in the Figure, but when the faller descends during the return of the carriage
the lever e will let down the lever g, which is furnished with a projecting parth;
and the latter part h will then rest upon the piece i, also attached to the
carriage, and will press the strap or band between it and the said piece i, thus
taking hold of it, and moving it a certain distance backwards by the running-in
of the carriage. The stop a¹ will thus be returned a certain distance during
the running-in of the carriage, and will be again pressed forward by the piece b
during the spinning of the next stretch so as again to turn the screw (Figure 4);
the point of attachment (s, Figure 4,) will thus be brought gradually nearer
to the point u (in Figure 4), so as to cause a variation in the movement of the
spindles in winding-on, as herein-before described. When the action of the
strap or band is not necessary, the screw m may be unfastened and the
stop a will then slide upon the strap or band without producing any effect,

page_text: and the screw m being again tightened will again cause motion of the strap
and of the screw (Figure 4). The screw will be turned the contrary way by
the attendant when the cop has been finished, by means of a handle made to
fit the end of the said screw or the end of the small shaft upon which is the
ratchet wheel d, so as to place the point of attachment or bearing of the
winding-on chain or band in the proper position for commencing the formation
of the next cop.
The distance which the screw moves the point s (Figure 4)
at each stretch of the machine will depend upon the fineness of the yarn, and
the size of the cop required, and must be arranged accordingly. At the
Figure 8 is shewn an arrangement for winding the chain or band r upon the
drum or pulley (p,) see Figure 4, as the carriage runs out. At the Figure 8, a
marks a pulley loose upon the shaft (2) of the winding-on drum or pulley (p);
the pulley a has catches or palls (6) attached to it taking into the ratchet
wheel (c), which is fast upon the shaft (9), around the pulley (a); a band (*)
passes, each end of which is firmly fixed to any convenient part of the framing
or floor. It will appear evident that as the carriage moves from A to B, the
palls or catches (6), acting against the teeth on the ratchet wheel (c), will
cause motion of the said ratchet wheel, and consequently of the shaft (9), and
"winding-on" " drum fixed thereon, whereby the chain (r), Figure 4, will be
wound upon the said drum during the running out of the carriage, and as the
carriage runs in, the palls or ratches (6), having no effect upon the ratchet
wheel (c), will likewise have no effect upon the winding-on drum, and the
chain or band (r) will be unwound therefrom by the running-in of the
carriage, and a variable ratio in the speed of the spindles will be effected
through the agency of the spur wheels (1) and (m), and parts in connection
therewith, as shewn at Figure 4. Another mode of arranging and regulating
the "winding-on" motion is represented at Figure 5 (Drawing No. 2), where
A, A, marks the frame of the headstock; B, B, a shaft fixed thereto. Upon
one end of this shaft is fixed the bevilled wheel C, gearing into a corresponding
bevilled wheel D, mounted upon a shaft E, placed crosswise of the framing,
and working in suitable bearings; F marks a pulley fixed upon the shaft E.
Around this pulley a band G passes, and from thence it passes over guide pullies
at Hto the pulley I, which is mounted upon the shaft K; upon one part of
this shaft is fixed a pulley L, around which and over the pulley L, placed at
the opposite end of the frame of the headstock, a strap or band M passes for
communicating motion to the spindles through the agency of the pullies
N and O, and the pulley (a) which is mounted upon an upright shaft, as
also is the bevilled wheel D, which gears into a bevilled wheel C, keyed upon
the shaft of the pulley N, which is attached to the framing of the carriage Q

page_text: A band at G* passes around the pulley a, which gives motion to the drums
and to the wharves on the spindles, by which means they are driven
Q marks the framing of the mule carriage containing the spindles R.
S, S, mark the positions of the wheels upon which the carriage moves along
the rails T, which are placed at convenient distances asunder, as in the mule
in common and known use. Motion is imparted to the shaft E, and parts
in connection therewith in a precisely similar manner to that shewn and
described at Figure 4, and an arrangement of parts similar to that shewn at
the Figure 4 is also employed for actuating the driving strap and holding
fast the pulley F, as also the mechanical arrangement for running in the
carriage. The arrangement of parts employed for regulating the "winding-on
motion is as follows:-To one part of the framing A of the headstock one end
of the band or chain r is made fast at the point ; this band or chain
passes under a carrier pulley u, which is attached to a piece of metal
through which the screw passes, and by means of which the said piece is
actuated in a similar manner to that before described and represented at
Figs. 4 and 13. From the pulley u the band or chain r passes over a carrier
pulley V, attached to the framing and from thence to a drum W, to which the
other end of the said band or chain is made fast. The drum W is placed upon
the shaft K, upon which is also a clutch box, by means of which the drum W,
which is loose upon the shaft, may be made to operate upon the shaft and pulley
L, as shewn at Figure 12, and hereafter described. At the commencement of the
formation of the cop the chain or band r is in the position shewn in the Figure,
and the carrier pulley u being at the lower part of the screw v, it will appear
evident, that when the chain is in this position, and the drum W is in gear with
the shaft of the pulley L, the said pulley will be prevented from turning round
during the running-in of the carriage, and the band M, being thus held fast,
will, as the carriage runs in, cause the pullies N and O and the pullies a to turn,
thereby communicating motion to the spindles. The size of the pullies N and a,
and of the bevilled wheels which connect them together, should be so arranged
as to impart to the spindles the requisite number of revolutions for taking
the yarn upon the bare spindles at the commencement of the formation of
the cop and during the running-in of the carriage (the operation of backing-
off having been performed previous to commencing the operation of winding-
on, in the manner herein-before particularly described and represented at
Figure 4 of Drawing No. 1). As the diameter of the cop increases in size,
the screw v, as shewn at Figure 5, is turned at each succeeding "stretch" or
running out of the carriage by the means herein-before described and repre-
sented at Fig. 13, by which means the pulley u will be moved towards ', the
up

page_text: movement of the screw v being continued until the cop has attained the
required size or thickness. As the carriage runs in and out, the pulley x, which
is attached to the carriage, presses upon the chain or band r; now, suppose the
carriage to be run in, as shewn at this Figure, and the pulley u to be at u', the
chain or band r will be in the position denoted by k, a, b, c, d, e, the said chain
or band passing from the point k over the pulley V on to the drum W, as
before mentioned. As the carriage runs out, the pulley X, being carried forward
by it, will press down the chain or band r into the position denoted by
k, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, thereby drawing a portion of the said chain or band off the
drum W, the quantity or length of band or chain so drawn off being equal to
the difference between k, a, b, c, d, e, and k, o, 1, 2, 3, 4. Now, suppose the
pulley X to be in the position shewn by dotted lines, or at O at the commence-
ment of the operation of "winding-on," and the drum W to be in gear with
the shaft of the pulley L, as the carriage runs in, the chain or band r will again
assume the position denoted by k, a, b, c, d, e, and will allow the difference
between the lengths of chain or band k, o, 1, 2, 3, 4, and k, a, b, c, d, e, to pass
towards the drum W, which will then be at liberty to turn round in the
direction denoted by the arrow's flight, and the pulley L, being no longer held
fast by the drum W, will move in the same direction, and will let off or dis-
engage a certain length of the band M, and the said band so released, passing in
the same direction as that in which the carriage is moving, will cause the pullies
N and a, and spindles in connection therewith, to make fewer revolutions
during the running-in of the carriage than were produced by the band M
being held fast as before mentioned and shewn, such variation in the number
of revolutions being in accordance with the increasing diameter of the cop, and
being caused by the screw v being turned at each succeeding stretch or
running out of the carriage, as herein-before particularly described and repre-
sented at Figs. 4 and 13. The ratio of the speed of the spindles during the
operation of "winding-on" will also gradually change, as, for instance, when
the pulley u is at u', the length of the band M disengaged will be greatest
during the alteration of the position of the pulley X during the running-in of
the carriage from O to I, and the length of the said band disengaged will
diminish gradually as the carriage runs in, and the pulley X, pressing on the
chain or band 1, passes through the distances 1, 2, 2, 3, and 3, 4. The quantity
of band M let off from the pulley L will thus be gradually lessened as the
carriage runs in, and will thereby cause the spindles to move quicker as the
carriage approaches the rollers, in accordance with the conical shape of the
cop. The ratio in which the chain is allowed to pass on to the drum W will
be determined by finding the difference in the lengths of chain or band between

page_text: the points, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4;
E; K₂ 2, 3, A, 3, 4, and the length or
chain or band k, a, b, c, d, e, the entire length of chain disengaged being equal
to the difference between k, o, 1, 2, 3, 4, and k, a, b, c, d, e. Of course a
different ratio, in which the band is allowed to pass from the pulley L, will be
required for cops varying in size, and the adjustment of the several parts must
be in accordance therewith. At the Figures 10 and 11, Drawing No. 3,
there is shewn a method of producing a variable ratio of speed in the move-
ment of the faller, at which Figures the movements of the said faller, or that part
of the machine which directs the yarn or material upon the spindles during the
operation of winding on, so as to form the cop are shewn, which movements are
produced by the action of a crank or lever, which is so arranged and acted upon as
to produce a variable movement of the faller, the ratio of such movement varying
according to the space or distance moved through by the said crank or lever,
and likewise according to the relative position of the said crank or lever with
respect to the faller, and also with that part of the machine by means of which
the said crank or lever is caused to operate upon the said faller. Another
mode of regulating the "winding-on" motion is represented at the Figures 5ª
and 5b of Drawing No. 2, where A¹ and B¹ represent a lever bent, as shewn in
these Figures, the fulcrum C¹ being adjustable upon the screw v. Let there
be a chain rattached to the end of the part A¹ of the said lever, which chain
passes over a carrier pulley V and on to the drum W. When commencing
the formation of the cop, these parts are in the position shewn at Figure 5
the part B¹ of the lever A¹, B', being in a horizontal position and supported, by
the small wheel or stud D', which is attached to the carriage Q, and moves
backwards and forwards therewith. It will appear obvious that the aforesaid
lever can have no movement when in this position, as the chain r, which is
attached to one end of the lever A', B', pulling the said end of the lever
towards the carrier pulley V, will cause the part B¹ of the said lever to press
upon the stud or wheel D' attached to the carriage, which will sustain the part
B of the lever in a horizontal position. The drum W, when placed in
connection with the shaft of the pulley I, will hold fast this pulley and the
band M connected with it, and the operation of winding-on will be effected by
the running-in of the carriage, causing the pullies C and O to turn round, as
before described at Figure 5 of Drawing No. 2. Let the screw V which is
connected with the fulcrum C¹ of the lever A', B', be now turned in a similar
manner to that before described at Drawing No. 2, so as to place the fulcrum
in the position shewn at Figure 5b; the lever will then be in the position
shewn in that Figure, with the end of the part B₁ considerably higher than
before. As the carriage runs in, the small wheel D¹ will allow the part B¹

page_text: gradually to descend, and the end A¹ of the said lever will thus be allowed
to rise, and let a certain length of the chain r pass towards the drum W, which
will thus be allowed to move also, and the band M being permitted to move
a certain distance in the same direction as the carriage, the number of revolu-
tions of the spindles during the winding-on will be reduced in accordance with
the increased diameter of the cop. The part B of the lever A', B', will
descend with different ratios of speed during the running-in of the carriage. As,.
for instance, while the carriage moves so as to change the position of the pulley
or stud D' from D¹ to 1, the end B of the said lever will descend from d to e;
while the stud or pulley moves from 1 to 2, the lever comes down from e to f.
From 2 to 3 the lever will pass from f to g, and from 3 to 4, the lever descends
from g to h. The length of chain let off by the end A¹ of the said lever will
thus be greatest when the carriage is furthest from the rollers, and will
decrease gradually as the carriage runs in, and thereby increase the speed of the
spindles in winding-on so as to suit the conical form of the cop. The fulcrum of
the lever A', B', will gradually change its position by the turning of the screw v
during the formation of the base of the "cop," and will afterwards continue at
or near the same point until the "cop" is finished. This turning of the screw v
may be effected in the manner before described in reference to Figures 4
and 13. At the Figures 10 and 11 of Drawing No. 3, A marks a crank
or lever having its fulcrum or centre of motion upon a pin B, working in the
piece B; upon the pin B is also fixed another crank or lever C, having a
pin C fixed therein, against which the lever H and also the arm G press
when in motion. D marks a sliding piece working through guide holes at E, E,
formed in the frame or upright F, or in brackets attached thereto; from one
part of the slide D, the arm G extends in a downward direction. H, I, is a
bent lever, having its fulcrum upon a pin fixed at I at the back part of the
framing; the opposite end of the said lever has a projecting pin K fixed therein,
which works in a slot in the arm G, and which, as the slide D is moved,
imparts motion to the cranks A and C by pressure of the bent lever H, H,
against the pin C* fixed to the crank C, and from thence imparts it to the
faller L. The means employed for actuating the slide D are as follows:-The
apparatus last mentioned being fixed to the carriage moves therewith, as also
the bent lever M, M', the fulcrum of which is a pin or stud N fixed to the
carriage; the upper end of the lever M has a slot formed therein, into which
a pin O takes, such pin being fixed to the sliding piece D. The lower end M
of the lever has a pin P fixed therein, which, as the carriage runs in, is brought
into contact with the inclined plane T fixed to the floor, and thereby raises the
end M of the lever, the opposite end M of which produces motion of the

page_text: sliding piece D and of the parts in connection therewith. The space or distance
through which the arm A moves will depend upon the position of the piece B*
upon the screw R, R; for instance, at the commencement of the formation of
the cop, the arms or levers A and C will be in the position shewn at Figure 11,
the arm or lever A forming then an angle of about forty-five degrees with the
perpendicular, and as the formation of the cop proceeds, the piece B* and parts in
connection therewith will be advanced upwards at each succeeding stretch by
means of the ratchet wheel S, fixed upon the upper part of the screw R, R, the
said ratchet wheel being acted upon as the carriage runs out, by coming into
contact with a pall fixed to any convenient part of the machine. The pin in
the end of the crank A, B, at A, will thus ascend the incline Y, Z, and
the pin C, the bent part of the lever H, until the parts are brought into a
similar position to that shewn in Figure 10. The slider D (see Figure 11),
being moved in the direction of the arrow's flight (Figure 10), will place the
bent lever H, H, in the position h, h, carrying with it the crank or lever C into
the position c, and moving the crank or lever A into the position a. Now, it
will appear evident, that by connecting the crank A with an arm or lever U in
connection with the faller, as shewn, the end of the arm or lever U, to which
the rod Q is attached, will be moved through an equal distance, or nearly so, to
that moved through by the end of the crank A, and will consequently com-
municate a corresponding amount of movement to the faller. Let the
screw R, R, be now turned so as to bring the crank A into the position shewn
at Figure 10, and the crank or lever C and parts in connection therewith will
then be in the position shewn. The movement of the faller will now be in
accordance with the distances v, w, w, x, x, y, y, z, through which the end
of the rod Q attached to the crank A will be lifted, whilst the end of the
crank A moves through the equal distances A, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, as shewn
by the Figure. The movement of the faller will be much slower during the
movement of the crank through the distance A, 1, than when moving through
the distance 3, 4, and the gradual change of the ratio of the movement of the
faller from that shewn in Figure 11 to that shewn in Figure 10 will have the
effect of directing the yarn or material on to the spindles in such a manner as
to form the base of the cop; and the movement, as shewn and described at
Figure 10, will be continued as long as may be required to make the cop a
sufficient length, the screw R being turned slowly so as to cause the yarn or
material to be wound higher upon the spindle at each succeeding stretch.
The lever U is loose upon the faller rod V, and is made to operate upon it by
means of the arm or lever V, which is fast upon the faller rod, and when the
faller descends during the operation of "backing-off," a pin W fixed to the

page_text: arm or lever V is allowed to come into contact with the arm or lever u, and
rests thereon, and by which motion is communicated to the faller. It should
be observed that the fallers are weighted, the faller downwards and the counter
faller upwards, in the usual manner; and the faller is lifted at the termination
of the running-in of the carriage by a short arm or lever fast upon the rod,
which is made to come in contact with a stud or bracket fixed to the headstock,
and thereby to raise the faller into the position shewn at Figure 4 of Drawing
No. 1, where it will remain until again disengaged from the catch, and allowed
to descend, as herein-before particularly described. The driving strap of the
mule is changed from the pulley 3 on to the pulley 1, so as again to commence
the operation of spinning by means of the end of the lever attached to the
carriage striking the lower end of the loaded lever Z, as the carriage finishes
the running-in, and the said lever is made to turn upon a pivot at a³, so that
the end of the lever may be turned sideways so as to pass the lever Z
without touching, and the stud or bracket q³, also attached to the carriage, will
then move the said lever Z so as to place the strap upon the loose pulley 2,
when the machine will remain at rest. The Figure 12, Drawing No. 1,
exhibits a mechanical combination and arrangement of parts, by which the
mode of backing-off herein-before described may be combined with the modes
of winding-on, shewn and described at Figure 3 of Drawing No. 1, and
Figure 5, Drawing No. 2. In Figure 12, which is a plan view, A marks a
pulley mounted upon the same shaft as the pulley B, which drives the
spindles; C marks a band which drives the pulley E fixed upon the shaft F³
attached to the carriage; upon the shaft F* there is keyed a bevilled wheel F,
which imparts motion to the bevilled wheel G, as also the upright spindle a
and horizontal pulley fixed thereon, similar to the arrangement shewn at
Figure 4 of the Drawing No. 1. There is a second shaft I placed in a line
with the shaft F, and upon the shaft. I² is keyed or otherwise fixed the bevilled
wheel I and pulley H, the wheel I being also in gear with the wheel G, and a
band K passes in a similar manner to the band C over the pullies H and D,
which latter pulley is loose upon the shaft which passes through it. Thus it
will appear evident that when the pullies B and A are turned so as to cause
the band C to move in the direction denoted by the arrow's flight, the arrange-
ment of the wheels and pullies attached to the mule carriage will cause the
band K and pulley D to move in an opposite direction to that of the
band C and pulley A. The break (A¹) being applied to the pulley D in
the same manner as that shown at the pulley F, Figure 4, will hold fast
the pulley D and the band K, and thereby stop the spindles and cause the

page_text: pulley H as the carriage is moved inwards, to turn in the contrary direction to
that in which it was driven by the band C during the operation of spinning; and
the wheel G and the horizontal pulley, with the drums and spindles, will also
be turned in the contrary direction, and the operation of backing-off will be
thus effected. The direction in which the pulleys A and B and the band C,
have been moving, will of course in like manner be reversed. This mode of
"backing-off" is, in effect, the same as that before described, and differs
therefrom by employing in the last-mentioned arrangement two or more bands
or sets of bands which are caused to move in opposite directions to each other,
one band or pair of bands being used for spinning, and the other for "backing-
off." This mode of actuating the driving bands is also applicable to the
winding-on motions, shewn at Figures 3 and 5, as above mentioned, which
require the bands used for winding-on to run in the direction denoted by the
arrow's flight in those Figures; L representing the small drum used for
regulating the winding-on motion. And we would here remark that the
wheels F and G and the pulley E should be of such dimensions as to cause
the horizontal pulley attached to the mule carriage to make the proper number
of revolutions necessary for turning the spindles, so as to take up the yarn or
material at the commencement of the formation of the "cop" during the
running-in of the carriage, and after the operation of backing-off has been
performed. The pulley A. and band C will be held by means of a catch box,
shewn at the above Figure; that part which is attached to the small drum L is
with the drum lcose upon the shaft, and is thrown into gear therewith by
means of the part M, which slides upon a key or feather upon the said shaft;
thus the drum L may be thrown into gear with M at the commencement of
the operation of "winding-on," whereby the motion of the spindles will be
regulated, and the said drum may be thrown out of gear with the part M at
the termination of the running-in of the carriage, in a similar manner to that
before described and shewn at Figure 4, with this exception, that the lever or
apparatus employed for throwing the part L into gear with the part M, is in
this case stationary instead of moving along with the mule carriage; and such
lever may be actuated in any convenient manner, as we do not lay claim to or
confine ourselves to any particular method of geering and ungeering the catch
or clutch boxes herein-before mentioned, which operations may be effected by
any means which may seem most desirable. The break A' may be placed in
and out of contact with the pulley D, in a similar manner to that before
described and shewn at Figure 4; such break being placed in contact with the
said pulley by means of the rod used for changing or altering the position of

page_text: the driving strap of the machine, or by means of a spring placed for-the
purpose, and out of contact, by a stud or projection attached to or connected
with the mule carrriage.
Having now described and shewn our improvements in connection with
machinery well known and in use for spinning, so as thereby to enable persons
conversant with spinning machinery to carry out and put in practice our said
improvements, we wish it to be understood that we do not intend to claim the
exclusive use of such known machinery, or of the several separate parts thereof,
except when the same are employed in connection with or for the purposes of
our Invention; and in order to disclaim such known machinery and parts, and
to point out and define with particularity our said Invention, we hereby declare
that we limit and confine our claim to Invention under the said Letters Patent
to the following particulars, that is to say:-
Firstly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the several
arrangements herein-before described, by reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
Sheet 1, Figure 5, Sheet 2, and Figure 5, and Figure 5b, Sheet 2^, for the
purpose of effecting the necessary variation in the motion of the spindles in the
winding-on according to the increasing size of the cop.
Secondly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the arrange-
ments above described by reference to Figure 4, Sheet 1, for the purpose of
backing-off.
Thirdly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the arrangements
above described, and shewn in Figures 10 and 11, Sheet 3, for the purpose of
directing and training the yarn upon the spindles in winding-on.
Fourthly, we claim the application to spinning machinery of the com-
bination and arrangement herein-before described and represented at Figure 12,
Sheet 1, for the purpose of performing the operations of backing-off and winding-
on by means of bands running in opposite directions, such bands being alter-
nately made to act upon the spindles, as herein-before described.
We do hereby declare this to be our Specification of the same, and that we
do verily believe this our said Specification doth comply in all respects fully,
and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore, we hereby claim to
maintain exclusive right and privilege to our said Invention.
As witness our hands, this Twentieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
WILLIAM ECCLES.
HENRY BRIERLY.

page_text: To the Clerk of the Patents for England.
This is to certify that the above-named William Eccles, of Walton-le-Dale,
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and Henry Brierly, formerly of the same place,
but now of Chorley, in the same County, Manufacturer, have applied to
me for leave to enter with you the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum
of Alteration of parts of the Specification of a certain Invention for which
Letters Patent were duly granted to them under the Great Seal of Great
Britain, dated at Westminster, the Fifth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-five. And in considering the said application, I directed
them to advertise their said Disclaimer and Alteration in the London Gazette,
and in the Times, the Daily News, and Preston Guardian newspapers, and
such advertisements have been duly made, namely, in the London Gazette,
on the Thirteenth day of February last; in the Times and Daily News
newspapers, on the Twelfth day of February last, and in the Preston Guardian
on the Fourteenth day of February last; and no objection having been made
to the said application, I have accordingly granted leave to the said William
Eccles and Henry Brierly to file their said Disclaimer and Alteration,
pursuant to the Statute passed in the Fifth and Sixth Years of the reign of
His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled, an Act to amend the
Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions.
Temple, 20th March, 1852.
FRED. THESIGER.
Tintoned and filed with the Clerk of the Patents of England this 95th day
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid William Eccles and Henry Brierly
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration aforesaid, and all and every thing
therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.