IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO ADDECADE IN COOKIES OR DIRING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Wooller, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Dyer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR DRYING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO ADDECADE IN COOKIES OR DIRING
Sealed the 12th November 1861, and dated the 15th May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Wooller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
May 1861.
I, JOSEгп WOOLLER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dyer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR DRYING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN SCOURING OR DYEING OF THE SAID MATERIALS," to be
as follows:
My improvements relate to means or apparatus applying and combining
steam and currents of air for the purpose of drying textile fabrics and
materials more advantageously than it has been done hitherto by distributing
the heat over comparatively larger surfaces, and by continually subjecting
fresh parts or sides of the material to be dryed to a current or currents of air
created by a fan fixed in or near such apparatus. I effect this in chambers
or compartments formed round a hollow spindle or axle, the sides of which
chambers or compartments are also made hollow, of sheets or plates of iron,
tin, copper, or any other suitable metal, so that the steam which is introduced
through the hollow axle may rise into every one of the sides forming the
above-mentioned compartments, thereby heating them, and producing a large
heated surface. In one or more of the compartments so formed a fan is fixed,

page_text: and the blast of this fan conducted through all the compartments, which are
covered with wire gauze perforated plates or grates to prevent the vapour
arising from the material to be dryed to escape freely. By giving the axle of
the apparatus a rotary or an oscillating "motion," it will easily be seen that
any material contained in the compartments will be continually turned over,
and thus at every turn present a fresh surface to the combined actions of steam
and air. If the apparatus above described is placed in a vessel containing
scouring or dyeing liquids, and the textile fabrics or materials therein placed
accordingly, it will be found of great. service in these operations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Wooller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I; JOSEPH
WOOLLER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dyer, send greeting:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Joseph Wooller, Her special licence that I, the. said
Joseph Wooller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Wooller, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING TEXTILE FABRICS
AND MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN SCOURING OR
DYEING OF THE SAID MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Joseph Wooller, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Wooller, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My improvements relate to means or apparatus applying and combining
steam and currents of air, for the purpose of drying textile fabrics and
materials more advantageously than it has been done hitherto, by distributing
the heat over comparatively larger surfaces, and by continually bringing
fresh parts of the material to be dryed in contact therewith, and subjecting
,such fresh parts or sides of the material to be dryed to a current or currents
of air, created by a fan or fans fixed at convenient places in or near such
apparatus. I effect this in chambers or compartments formed around a hollow
axle, the sides of which chambers or compartments are also made hollow of
sheets or plates of iron, tin, copper, or any other suitable metal, for the
purpose that the steam which is introduced through the hollow axle may, by
means of suitable openings, rise into every one of the sides or hollow plates
forming the above-mentioned compartments, thereby heating them, and pro-
ducing a large heated surface. In one or more of the said compartments so
formed a fan is fixed, and driven from a convenient part of the apparatus, and
the blast created by this fan conducted by suitable pipes through and into all
the compartments, which are covered with wire gauze, perforated surfaces,
grates or plates, to permit the vapour arising from the material to be dryed to
escape freely. By giving the axle of the apparatus a rotary or an oscillating
motion, it will at once be perceived that any material contained in the said
compartments will be continually turned over, and thus at every turn present
a fresh surface to the combined action of heat and air. I may here mention
that sometimes I find it of advantage to place the apparatus for drying
purposes over a heated surface to increase the heat necessary for such
purposes.
If the apparatus above described is placed into a vessel containing scouring
or dyeing liquids, or if any scouring or dyeing liquid be made to flow
through, or be contained in the said compartments of such apparatus, after
having placed and arranged the textile fabrics or materials therein accordingly,
it will easily be seen that the cleaning or dyeing operations may therein be
performed to great advantage, as by a suitable arrangement of pipes and taps
the cleaning or dyeing liquids can be changed from one compartment to
another, whilst each compartment would be provided with a suitable connexion
to fill it separately with fresh scouring or dyeing liquid. I would here add,
that for dyeing and scouring purposes no fan will be applied, as it is not
required for these operations; but in order to facilitate the drying of the
scoured or dyed materials, I fix in or near such compartments. bydro-

page_text: extractors, driving them in the same way as the fans above named, and the
hollow side plates may be replaced by perforated surfaces.
i
But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner I carry the
same into effect may be fully understood, I will now proceed to describe the
Drawings annexed
Figure 1 shows an end elevation; Figure 2, a front elevation; Figure 3,
a transversal; and Figure 4, a longitudinal section of an apparatus con-
structed according to my improvements; Figures 5, 6, and 7, the end and
front elevation and the transversal section of a framework which I use for
stretching and arranging pieces, warps or yarns to be treated in my
'apparatus.
The letters are placed correspondingly in the Drawings, and a, a, a, a, is
the main framing, held in position by cross stays a₁, and carrying pedestals or
plumber blocks b, b, in which turns the hollow axle or barrel c, to which, by
means of the flanges c, the end plates c₁ are firmly bolted, between which are
fixed steam-tight the hollow plates c, C, which hollow plates c are also con-
nected to the cylinder c, and into which the steam rises through small
apertures c, c, from the cylinder c, introduced therein by the steam pipes,
care being taken to carry away the condensed water caused by the steam in
suitable grooves CB, C, left in the cylinder c, and by means of the pipe w. The
hollow plates c₁, C₁, form, as shewn in Figure 3, six compartments with the
also hollow end plates c₁, which compartments around their circumference are
covered with wire gauze, or, as for scouring and dyeing purposes, with plates.
Motion being given to the cylinder c from the pullies d through the gearing
d, d, it will at once be seen that any material placed in the six compart
ments will be constantly turned over, and therefore touch the hollow heated
plates c₁ and with constantly varying surface. But to carry away the
moisture created by the damp material coming in contact with the heated
plates c₁ and 'c, and thus increase the drying properties of the apparatus, I
fix in one of the compartments a fan f of sufficient power to create the
necessary currents of air, the axle of which fan f rests in bearings f₁ at cach
end of the apparatus, and is driven by suitable gearing h, h₁, h₂, either toothed,
as in Figures 1 and 2, or frictional, as in Figures 3 and 4. The current of
air created by the fan f is conducted by a suitable pipe i into every one of the
compartments formed around the cylinder c, and by the branch pipes i₁,
fixed along the bottom of each compartment to the full length of the said
compartment, thus, carrying away with the current of air the moisture to a

page_text: great extent.
If the large cylinder C, so formed by the hollow axle c, the
end plates c₁, and the side plates c,, is placed into dyeing or scouring liquids,
or if any such liquids be made to flow through, or be contained in the said
compartments, it will be seen that the material contained inside such com-
partments will be dyed or scoured respectively, and if such material consists
of yarns, warps, or pieces, I stretch or arrange them on the framework shewn
in Figures 5, 6, and 7, constructed of the triangular ends k, k, connected in
the centre by a cross piece or stay 1, and having corresponding slides formed
for a number of other loose cross stays m and n, to be inserted both below and.
above the fast stay l. To wind on yarns, warps, or pieces, I place the frame-
work by the pins p in suitable bearings, wherein they readily turn, and after
removing all the loose cross-stays m and n, I first wrap the material round
the fast cross-stay 7, as shewn in Figure 7, and then successively inserting the
stays m and n, m, and n₁, m₂ and n₂, and so on above and below the stay l,"
continue to wrap on the material in a way as shewn in Figure 7. The frame-
work being filled is then placed into one of the afore-mentioned compart-
ments, which, after being filled with one or more of these frames, is closed,
and the next compartment filled in a similar way.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details in the construction of the said apparatus
for drying, dyeing, or cleaning, as shewn and described, as these may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of my Invention; but what I
do claim, is,―
Firstly, the arranging and combining of the several parts as shewn, and
the application of the machinery thus combined and constructed, substantially
as described for drying, dyeing, or scouring purposes.
And, secondly, I claim the manner of arranging and winding on of yarns,
warps, pieces, or similar fabrics, as shewn and described with relation to
Figures 5, 6, and 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Wooller, havo hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
5 Witness,
EPHRAIM WRIGHT.
JOSEPH WOOLLER. (L.B.)