IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN." - A communication.
Sealed the 27th May 1853, and dated the 7th December 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
lis Petition, on the 7th December 1852.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleınan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This invention relates principally to certain improvements or
modifications of the mechanism specified under certain Letters
Patents granted to the said John Henry Johnson on or about the
8th day of March last, and consists,―
First, in separating or dividing the head of the wire to be drawn

page_text: from the other wires contained in the fabric, and holding it in a
steady position until it is laid hold of by the drawer. This is
effected by the descent of a small inclined plane, the point of which
enters between the protruding head of the wire to be drawn and
its neighbour: having thus deflected the wire to a certain extent,
a slotted catch moves forward over the head of the wire, and
retains it in a fixed and steady manner, until the apparatus for
drawing it is ready for effecting its purpose.
The second portion of the Invention consists in the guiding and
steadying of the wire during its insertion into the shed. This is
effected by an arm which may be fitted to a working centre above
the recd. When the wire is being inserted the arm descends, and
slightly presses the wire against the side of the reed, thereby
steadying it at about the centre of the fabric; should the fabric
be of extra width, two or more of these guiding arms may be
employed. The wire thus inserted is steadied while being brought
up to the cloth, by a fixed guide plate, over which the hooked
head of the wire is passed, keeping the wire the right side up, and
at the same time allowing it to travel laterally to the cloth, where
it is secured by the change of shed.
The third portion of the Invention relates to an improved
arrangement for retaining the pile yarn on the bobbin, so that it
may be drawn off only so fast as it is wanted for being worked up.
This arrangement is also applicable to other purposes, such as
warping machines. The yarn bobbins are supported in the ordinary
manner, but the yarn is drawn off from below, instead of above.
A small arm or link, of the width of the inside of the bobbin, rests
upon the upper surface of the yarn, the yarn is brought from the
underside, and is passed round the link or arm before mentioned,
and may be weighted in the usual manner by hanging a small
weight on the yarn itself.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 31st May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December,
One thousand eight hundred fifty-two, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her
special license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN "(being a communication to
me from abroad), upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto attached, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon (that is to say):

page_text: The said Invention relates, First, to arranging and combining, with
an instrument for separating or dividing the head of the wire next
to be drawn out from the series of wires in the fabric, means for
guiding and holding such wire in position to be more readily taken
by the withdrawing instrument. Secondly, the Invention relates
to a mode of guiding and steadying the wire during its insertion
into the shed; and, Thirdly, to a mode of applying friction to the
yarn on the bobbins supplying the pile warp.
This Invention consists principally of certain improvements or
modifications of the mechanism specified under certain Letters
Patent granted to me on or about the eighth day of March, One
thousand cight hundred and fifty-two.
Figure 1, on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, represents
a vertical section of a portion of the loom before specified, as
fitted with my present improvements; Figure 2, is a corresponding
plan of the same; Figure 3, is a front view with the breast beam
removed; and Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, are details on an
enlarged scale. The wires A, are inserted into and withdrawn
from the fabric by the segment B, after the manner described by
me in the Specification herein-before referred to. Preparatory to
withdrawing a wire by the segment B, its head is separated from
the rest of the wires by the descent of the small vertical wedge or
divider C. Figure 4, represents a side elevation of this divider,
detached on an enlarged scale. Figure 5, is a corresponding front
view of the saine, and Figure 6, is a plan. It consists of two slips
of metal, D and E. The piece D, may be let into a slot, in the
rectangular head of the piece E, and cut away or inclined at its
lower extremity, for the facility of entering between the wire heads.
The piece E, of this divider is kept constantly pressed against the
side of the first wire of the series, by the inherent spring of the
wire or support F, to which the divider is attached. This supporting
or carrying wire works vertically in guides, one of which is shewn
at G, inside the loom framing, and may be actuated by any suitable
mechanical contrivance; such arrangement not being shewn in the
Drawing, as it forms no part of the Invention. It will be seen, on

page_text: referring to the Drawings, Figures 1, and 2, that the descent of the
supporting or carrying wire F, will insert the wedged or inclined
portion of the divider C, between the head of the first wire of the
series and its neighbours, at the same time deflecting it to a certain
extent. While the head of the wire is thus divided or deflected
from the rest, its extreme end is held in a fixed position, by the
moveable slotted finger H, which works tightly on the fixed stud
centre I, in the bracket support J, bolted to the loom framing.
This finger is shewn, on an enlarged scale, at Figure 7, which
represents a front view of it. Figure 8, is a corresponding sectional
elevation of the same, and Figure 9, is a horizontal section through
the V grooved slot. An angular piece of wire K, is secured to the
upper portion of the divider, and bent down at right angles, to rest
upon or press against the small projecting tooth L, on the boss of
the slotted finger. By this arrangement it will be obvious, in
reference to the Drawings, that the descent of the divider C, with
the bent wire K, will cause the finger H, to move inwards on its
fixed centre, and embrace the extreme end of the wire in the
fabric, the peculiar expanded form of the opening in the instrument
H, serving to guide the end of the wire into the contracted portion
with facility, and hold it in the position shewn in Figure 3, of the
Drawings. By this means, the head of the wire is guided and held
correctly until laid hold of by the segment B, which withdraws it,
as described in my Specification herein-before referred to. The
movement of the segment, in the act of drawing the wire, disconnects
the finger from it, by striking the lower portion thereof, and causing
it to move back again on its centre, ready to be actuated by the
succeeding descent of the divider.
I would here state, that I am aware that it is not new of itself
to employ a wedge-shaped instrument to separate instrument to
separate or divide the head of the wire next to be drawn out
from others in the fabric, as such was shewn and described in
the Specification of a Patent, granted to Joseph Crossley, George
Collier, and James Hudson, on or about the twenty-eighth day of
September, in the year One thousand eight hundred and fifty;

page_text: this part of the Invention simply consisting in combining, with
such dividing instrument, a guiding instrument H, to facilitate
the head of the wire being correctly taken by the withdrawing
means. The wire having been withdrawn, is guided, during its
insertion into the shed, by the thin blade or lever arm M, which
is secured to the transverse shaft or spindle N, working in the
fixed bearings O, O. A short lever arm P, is secured to the
spindle N, and to this arm is connected the upper extremity of
a rod or wire Q. This rod is connected with any suitable me-
chanical arrangement, such as a cam or tappet on the driving
shaft, for producing a vertical movement, after each insertion
of a wire. The arrangement is not shewn in the Drawings, as
it will be well understood by a practical weaver, and forms no
part of the Invention. The arm or blade M, is made sufficiently
thin to pass between the warp threads in the upper portion of the
shed, and it is bent slightly, so as to allow its lower notched portion
to press the wire gently against the surface of the reed, thereby
guiding it during its insertion. In order to allow the reed to "beat
up," the guiding blade is elevated to the position shewn in dotted
lines, by the drawing down of the lever P. In weaving extra
widths of fabric, two or more blades may be fitted to the spindle N.
In order that the wires may be guided during the process of
beating up," their heads are hooked, as shewn in Figure 3, to
embrace the upper and lower surface of the flat horizontal guide
bar R, which is bolted to the breast beam of the loom. Figure 10,
is a vertical section of a portion of a bobbin frame, with the
arrangement for retarding the delivery of the pile, yarn from the
bobbins attached thereto; and Figure 11, is a corresponding plan of
the same. The bobbins A, are hung in the ordinary manner on
the transverse wires B, which are let into slots in the framing.
Between each set of bobbins is fitted a transverse wire C, which
carries the friction breaks or retainers D. These breaks consist of
a piece of wire, bent to the required form, and hinged loosely upon
the wires C; they rest upon the surface of the bobbins, and by the
weighted friction they exert upon the yarn upon
the bobbins, act as

page_text: breaks, to retard their rotation, and thus put a drag on the yarn.
The thread or yarn is drawn off from the under side of the bobbins,
and passes over the portion E, of the breaks. A small weight F, is
hung on to each separate thread, and the threads, or yarns, arc
guided over the next transverse wire in the frame.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be
used, or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I
do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrange-
ments which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many
variations may be made therefrom, without deviating from the
principles or main features of the said Invention; but what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Inven-
tion secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent, is,
-
First, the combining, with the use of an inclined or wedged
shaped divider for separating or deflecting the head of the wire to
be drawn from the rest of the wires contained in the fabric, an
instrument for guiding and holding the head of the wire in position
to be more readily taken by the withdrawing means as explained.
Second, the mode of arranging apparatus for guiding the wires
during their insertion into the shed, as herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of a guide bar R, for guiding
and steadying the wires during the process of "beating up," as
herein-before explained.
Fourth, the mode of applying friction to the yarn upon the
bobbins, in order to retard their too free delivery, as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON (20)
J. HENRY JOHNSON (re)