IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRYING PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND SIMILAR OR TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter McLaurin, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRYING PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND SIMILAR OR TEXTILE FABRICS,
AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 5th July 1864, and dated the 8th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter McLaurin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th January 1864.
I, PETER MCLAURIN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND SIMILAR OR TEXTILE
FABRICS AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of treating papers,
pasteboard, or other fabrics of a similar class so that the fibre, colour, and
the effect of the size are left unimpaired, and the whole process carried out in
a more expeditious manner than heretofore, and consists in placing the webs
or sheets on the bands of that or a machine similar to that for which Letters
Patent were granted to Peter McLaurin on or about the 17th day of September,
1863, and numbered 2287, or by any other convenient modification of that
or other machine for a similar purpose, which machine or machines in the
present instance are used in either closed or open rooms or chambers, but by

page_text: preference closed chambers are employed, and in either case currents of heated
or cold air, or both in combination, are caused to flow into the chambers in
any direction, but it is preferred that they should flow in a direction corre-
sponding to the surfaces of the paper, and are supplied from any convenient
source. In machines or apparatus for drying the air or heated or cold current
is impelled into the chamber by fanners, or any other convenient blowing
apparatus, at a temperature by which the fibre and colour are uninjured and
the size prevented from evaporating or leaving the paper. In the case of
paper drying cylinders the air is admitted to them in any convenient manner,
but it is preferred to introduce it from the centre shaft, and it is caused to
impinge upon the surface of the webs or continuous sheets by emission from
several holes or apertures made in the cylinders. In the case of hand-made
paper, pasteboard, or similar articles they are hung on laths, rods, or lines as
usual, and the afore-mentioned currents of air are caused to impinge upon
their surfaces as before described.
The chief uses of this Invention are its application to the drying of papers
sized by either the engine or tub processes as well as papers in general.
These improvements are equally applicable for drying printed and unprinted
paper, and other fabrics whether printed or not.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter McLaurin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
M LAURIN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Peter McLaurin, Her special license that I, the said Peter
McLaurin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Peter McLaurin, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-

page_text: MENTS IN DRYING PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND SIMILAR OR TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN
THE MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS, OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter McLaurin, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under
the band and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter McLaurin, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the saine is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an improved system or mode of treating
papers, pasteboard, or other fabrics of a similar class, so that the fibre, colour,
and the effect of the size are left unimpared, and the whole process carried
out in a more expeditious manner than heretofore, and consists in placing the
webs or sheets on the bands of that or a similar machine to that for which
Letters Patent were granted to me on or about, the 17th day of September,
1863, and numbered 2287, or by any other convenient modification of that or
other machine for a similar purpose, which machine or machines in the
present instance are used in either closed or open rooms or chambers, but by
preference closed chambers are employed, and in either case currents of heated
or cold air, or both in combination, are caused to flow into the chamber in
any direction, but it is preferred that they should should flow in a direction
corresponding to the surfaces of the paper, and are supplied from any
convenient source. In machines or apparatus for drying, the air or heated
or cold current is impelled into the chamber by fanners or any other con-
venient blowing apparatus, at a temperature by which the fibre and colour are
uninjured, and the size prevented from evaporating or leaving the paper. In
the case of paper drying cylinders, the air is admitted to them in any con-
venient manner, but it is preferred to introduce it from the centre shaft, and it
is caused to impinge upon the surface of the webs or continuous sheets by
emission from several holes or apertures made in the cylinders. In the case of
hand-made paper or similar articles, they are hung on laths, rods, or lines, as
usual, and the afore-mentioned currents of air are caused to impinge upon
their surfaces as before described.
The chief uses of this Invention are its application to the drying of papers
sized by either the engine or tub processes, as well as papers in general.

page_text: The improvements are equally applicable for drying printed and unprinted
paper and other fabrics, whether printed or not.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the system, mode, or manner under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, that is to
say, the paper, pasteboard, or other fabrics of a similar nature, whether
in sheets or webs, are placed upon the bands of the machine or a travelling
machine similar to that herein-before referred to, and which machine or
machines under the present Invention are used in either open or closed rooms
or chambers, but it is preferred in most cases that closed chambers should
be employed, and in either instance currents of heated or cold air or gases,
separately or in combination, are either forced or drawn into the rooms or
chambers in which the traversing machine is placed, these currents are
caused to flow into the chambers in any convenient direction, but in most
cases it is found advantageous, and it is therefore preferred, that they
should flow in a direction corresponding to that in which the flat surfaces
of the articles being dried are situated, which is usually horizontal or
approximately so. These currents whether heated or cold are supplied
from any convenient source. In machines or apparatus for drying, the
heated or cold currents of air or gas are propelled or drawn into the open or
closed rooms or chambers by fanners or any other convenient apparatus at
a temperature at which the fibre and colour of the paper or other similar.
fabrics are uninjured, whilst at the same time the size is not evaporated or
caused to leave the goods. The temperature I find advantageous to employ
for drying animal or tub sized papers ranges from 70° to 80° Fahr., but for
engine sized papers, pasteboard, and such or similar fabrics the temperature
ranges from 100° to 170° Fahr., but 160° is the temperature I prefer to
employ. When paper or other similar fabrics are dried on cylinders, the
heated or cold currents of air or gas are admitted into them in any convenient
manner, but I prefer that these currents should be introduced by an aperture
in one or both ends of the central shaft or axle, this aperture communicating
with an opening in that portion of the shaft passing through the interior of
the barrel. The currents on being emitted from the apertures in the shaft
are caused to impinge upon the surfaces of the webs or continuous sheets of
the fabric being dried by escaping through numerous holes or openings made
in the cylinders, whence they pass directly against the under surface of the
fabrics being dried, the continuous action of which as the webs travel, causes
the moisture they contain to be expelled. In the case of hand-made papers,
paste board, or other similar articles these are hung upon rods, lines, or laths,

page_text: as usual, and in either open or closed rooms or chambers, and the herein-before
mentioned currents of air or gas are caused to impinge on their surfaces in the
manner herein-before referred to.
The chief use of this Invention being its application to the drying of papers
sized by either the engine or tub processes as well as papers in general, this
Invention is equally applicable to the drying of printed and unprinted paper
and other fabrics of a similar nature, whether printed or not.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner
in which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise
details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as
many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the true
principles or main features of my Invention, but what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery, apparatus, or
means for drying paper, pasteboard, and other similar fabrics, substantially as
herein-before described.
Second, the impelling or drawing of currents of air or gas into the chambers
for drying or desiccating paper, pasteboard, or other similar fabrics, substantially
as herein-before described.
Third, the forcing of currents of heated or cold air or gas into the cylinders
of paper or pasteboard drying machines and causing them to be emitted
against the under surface of the paper or pasteboard for the purpose of drying
the same, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter McLaurin, have bereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-four.
PETER MCLAURIN. (L.S.)