IMPROVE- MENTS IN LIME AND CEMENT KILNS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Arthur De Berenger, of Clifton Gardens,
Maida Hill, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LIME AND CEMENT KILNS."
Sealed the 19th February 1867, and dated the 24th August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Arthur De Berenger
at the Office of the Commissioners of, Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1866.
I, PHILIP ARTHUR DE BERENGER, of Clifton Gardens, Maida Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIME AND CEMENT KILNS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to improvements in lime and cement kilns with
the view of concentrating and economizing the heat, and enabling the said
substances to be more effectually and uniformly burnt and supplied or
discharged from the kiln with less labour and loss of time than by the present
system, and consists of a rectangular tunnel of a straight or curvalinear form,
in which a series of portable kilns of corresponding size and shape thereto are
employed, so as to work upon wheels or friction rollers mounted within
channel ways formed in the bed of the said tunnel, by the arrangement of
which the said limestone, cement, or other substance to be operated upon is
placed and carried forward to the furnace, burnt, and finally discharged in
continuous succession, whereby a constant supply to and from the kilns direct

page_text: from the quarry is maintained;. a furnace and chimney at opposite ends of the
said tunuel in connection with circulating flues for diffusing and conducting
-the heat above and below the said substances to be rendered incandescent
being also employed and arranged so as to admit of the portable kilns (formed
of open gratings or otherwise) being brought forward in turn, and allowed to
remain over the furnace or fire until in. each case the lime has been suffi-
ciently burnt:.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Philip Arthur De Berenger in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd February 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIP
ARTHUR DE BERENGER, of. Clifton Gardens, Maida Hill,. in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,. by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign;
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Philip Arthur De Berenger, Her special licence that I, the said Philip
Arthur De Berenger, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.
as I, the said Philip Arthur De Berenger, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIME AND CEMENT KILNS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Philip Arthur De Berenger; my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
Sa me to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and 'iinmediately after the date of the said Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Philip Arthur De Berenger; do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention,.and in what manner the same is to
be performed;. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement; and 'the Drawings therein referred to (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to improvements in lime and cement kilns with

page_text: the view of concentrating and economizing the heat, and enabling the said
substances to be more effectually and uniformly burnt and supplied or
discharged from the kiln with less labour and loss of time than by the present
system, and consists of a rectangular tunnel of a straight or curvalinear form,
in which a series of portable kilns of corresponding size and shape thereto are
employed, so as to work upon friction rollers mounted upon channel ways
formed in the bed of the said tunnel, by the arrangement of which the said
limestone, cement, or other substances to be operated open is placed and
carried forward to the furnace, burnt, and finally discharged in continuous
succession, whereby a constant supply to or from the kilns direct from the
quarry is maintained, a furnace and chimney at opposite ends of the said tunnel
in connection with circulating Blues for diffusing and conducting the heat above
.and below, the said substances to be rendered incandescent being also
employed and arranged so as to admit of the portable kilns (formed of open
gratings or otherwise.) being brought forward in turn and allowed to remain
over the furnace until sufficiently burnt.
But in order that my said Invention may be more fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I now proceed to describe in detail the mode of
performing the same, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and
the letters and figures thereon marked (that is to say):-
I construct my improved portable kilns or trucks of cast or wrought iron in
the form of rectangular trunks or cases without bottoms, and cause the same
to be lined or otherwise protected from the action of the heat by means of
fire bricks, tiles, or other suitable material, the said trucks being provided
with projecting side flanges for supporting the fireproof casings, and enabling
the lower portions of the limestone or other materials to be arched over,
thereby obviating the use of gratings or bottoms. By this arrangement the
said trucks or kilns are enabled to be filled or discharged and moved to or
from the furnace, oven, or tunnel, to which they are conveyed through the
medium of the said flanges supported upon fixed friction roller ways, arranged
longitudinally within the said tunnel or oven, so that each portable kiln on
being brought forward to the furnace (situated at the head of the tunnel) the
said materials may be submitted to the full action of the heat until sufficiently
burnt, when the next in succession is brought forward, and so on in like
manner until the whole of the said materials within the train of trucks have
been operated upon.
In working my improved portable kilns upon the continuous principle to
economize heat and fuel and enable the lime to be effectually burnt, I prefer to
employ for the above purpose an elongated tunnel or oven of brick worth or other

page_text: masonry corresponding in width and dimensions to the said trucks, having a
furnace at one end and a chimney or smoke shaft at the other, the said
tunnel being divided by ordinary dampers or stops arranged vertically within
the same for the purpose of confining and concentrating the heat upon the
materials when brought directly above the furnace, thus enabling the said
beat to be likewise diffused among the trucks charged with limestone, or
otherwise next in succession. I also employ for the purpose of further con-
fining the heat gutters filled with sand arranged longitudinally within the said
tunnel immediately beneath and in contact with the side flanges formed at
the lower base of the trucks or portable kilns.
Fig. 1 represents a sectional end elevation of my improved kilns, and
Fig. 2, a side view of the same, partly in section, shewing the arrangement of
the portable kilns therein. In each Figure the same letters of reference
denote similar corresponding parts.
A, A, oven or tunnel; B, B, portable kilns employed within the same;
.C, C, friction rollers mounted upon channel bearings, as shewn; D, D, dome,
cover, or lid suspended by lifting cramps D¹ from the crown of the arch, so as
to span the length of two trucks, and enclose and direct the current of heat
through the same as indicated by the arrows; E, E, the limestone or other
material to be burnt; F, F, the furnace; G, G, flanges secured lon-
gitudinally to the bottom framing of the portable kilns or trucks, so as to dip
into gutters G¹ filled with sand; H, H, fire-bricks or tiles lining the said
portable kilns; I, I, ash-pit; J, J, furnace bars; K, K, partition wall;
L, L, central flue, through which the heat passes to the trucks next in
succession; M, M, stop bearing.
In conclusion to the foregoing description I would here briefly note that the
said trucks or kilns may be formed of any other suitable fire-resisting material
in lieu of fire-bricks above referred to, by employing the same either as a
surface coating to the metallic framing or otherwise.
And I would again further note that the portable kilns may be constructed
of open or solid sides, with or without bottoms or gratings as may be required
for the materials under operation, employing also for the burning of bricks or
otherwise an arrangement of shelves, on which the same in a green state may
be stacked and dried previous to being burnt as aforesaid.
And I would further note that stop and slide doors in connection with sub-
ways beneath the tunnel for facilitating the cleansing thereof or the removal
of fallen lime or otherwise may be also employed.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and

page_text: carried into effect, I would have it clearly understood that I do not intend to
confine myself to the precise details herein-before described, as the same may
be otherwise varied without departing from the general principle of this my
said Invention; nor do I claim as new and of my said Invention the exclusive
use of the several parts, combinations, and process herein-before described,
except when the same are employed in and for the purposes of my said
Invention, which I hereby declare to consist in the exclusive right of forming
and employing kilns upon the above principle of construction in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Arthur De Berenger, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of-February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
5
PHILIP ARTHUR DE BERENGER. (L.S.)
Witness,
R. H. P. COOKE,
Clerk to Messrs. Weatherdon & Co.
77, Chancery Lane.