Improvements in Dyeing Cotton, Silk, Wool, and other Textile Materials, either in the Raw State or in the Form of Yarn, or as Cloth in the Manufactured State, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 9th Nov., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 25th Jan. 1887.
Improvements in Dyeing Cotton, Silk, Wool, and other Textile
Materials, either in the Raw State or in the Form of Yarn, or as
Cloth in the Manufactured State, and in Apparatus therefor.
I JOHN SMITH, of 4 Ashton Street, Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer,
do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON,
SILK, WOOL AND OTHER TEXTILE MATERIALS, EITHER IN THE RAW STATE OR IN THE
FORM OF YARN, OR AS CLOTH IN THE MANUFACTURED STATE, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR, to be as follows:-
My invention relates to dyeing textile materials such as cotton, silk, wool, whether
in the raw state or in the form of hanks or warps, or as cloth when in the manufactured
state, and the chief object of my Invention is to overcome the disadvantage of having
any slack or folds in the materials or fabric when in the tank or cistern containing the
dye liquor.
To effect this I employ a tank or cistern for the dye liquor, which tank may be of
any convenient shape. At a convenient distance above this tank is supported a roller,
or wince which is driven positively and may be either plain or fluted and is for the
purpose of feeding and drawing or pulling the materials through the dye liquor in the
tank. This roller or wince is geared to and drives a roller placed below it and on
which is mounted an endless open work belt or lattice supported near the other end of
the tank on a second roller which is geared to and drives another roller on which is
mounted a second lattice which returns along the tank preferably at a lower level than
the first named lattice and is supported by rollers in a similar manner. The wince
when in motion delivers the materials to be dyed on to the first named lattice which is
preferably driven in the same direction as the wince. The materials are carried by
this lattice to the end of the tank and are then delivered on to the second lattice by
which they are carried back to the end of the tank where they first entered, but at a
lower level, they then pass upward to and are guided again by hand or otherwise over
the wince and so to the lattices and this is continued until the whole length of the
goods to be dyed is lapped upon the wince and lattices and the two ends are then
connected together so as to form an endless band or spiral which is kept constantly
revolving in the dye liquor in the tank until the dyeing process is completed.
Instead of two lattices, any convenient number may be employed or instead of
attices geared rollers only may be employed.

page_text: Improvements in Dyeing Cotton, Silk, Wool, and other Textile
Materials, either in the Raw State or in the Form of Yarn, or as
Cloth in the Manufactured State, and in Apparatus therefor.
I, JOHN SMITH of 4 Ashton Street, Heywood in the County of Lancaster, Dyer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention relates to dyeing textile materials such as cotton, silk, wool, whether
in the raw state, or in the form of banks, or warps, or slivers, or as cloth when in the
manufactured state and amongst others one object of my Invention is to overcome the
disadvantage of having any slack, or folds in the materials, or fabric when in the tank,
or cistern containing the dye liquor.
In the dyeing of textile materials of the kind herein specified according to this
Invention, such materials are treated in the following manner. As a suitable example,
I will describe the treatment and manner of dyeing warps according to this Invention.
The warp it may be presumed 'is soaked in the dye liquor which is contained in a
suitable receptacle. It is then passed by suitable mechanical feeding means such as a
wince on to a system of travelling lattices, rollers, or equivalent devices in such a
manner that it will accumulate on the travelling devices and lie thereon in.even.con-
tinuous rows, or piles. By this means a large quantity of material will be able to be
treated at once and it will lie in substantially regular order. The material may in
this wise be treated by being delivered from the first travelling device to a second,
third, or fourth travelling devices. After being thus treated it is repassed over
suitable rollers through the dye liquor and again treated in a like manner as above set
forth. This may be repeated as many times as may be desirable. In the travelling
of the material as above described the dyeing of the material goes on as well as when
it is being passed through the dye liquor. The liquor that drains from the material is
allowed all the time to pass away freely, preferably back into the dye liquor tank.
The travellers and the feeding mechanism are arranged to have such relative speeds of
motion that the required and suitable amount of piling of the material upon the
travellers takes place and so that no inconvenient amount of slack accumulates in the
dye liquor receptacle. This may be governed by the relative speeds of the feeding
mechanism and the travellers and the amount of material put in the machine.
-
An apparatus according to my Invention suitable for dyeing warps consists as
follows A tank, or cistern for the dye liquor which tank may be of any convenient
shape. At a convenient distance above this tank is supported a feeding mechanism.
such as rollers or a wince which is driven positively and may be either plain, or fluted
and is for the purpose of feeding and drawing, or pulling the materials through the dye
liquor in the tank. This wince is geared to and drives another gear placed below it
and on or to which is mounted an endless open work travelling belt, or lattice, or
system of rollers supported on suitable bearings, or rollers which are geared to and
drive a second lattice, or other travelling device which returns along the tank
preferably at a lower level than the first.

page_text: The wince when in motion delivers the materials to be dyed onto the first named
travelling lattice, or system of rollers which is preferably driven in the same direction
as the wince, the materials are carried by the lattice to the end of the tank and are
then delivered onto the second lattice by which they are carried back to the end of the
tank where they first entered, but at a lower level, they then pass upward to and are
guided again by hand or otherwise over the wince and so to the travellers and this is.
continued until the whole length of the goods to be dyed is lapped upon the wince and
lattices and the two ends are then connected together so as to form an endless band,
or spiral which is kept constantly revolving until the dyeing process is completed.
Instead of two lattices any convenient number may be employed, or instead of
lattices geared rollers only may be employed.
The above description sets forth generally the nature of my Invention and the
process or method of dyeing materials according to it and it also describes an
apparatus suitable for effecting the dyeing of warps. In order that this Invention
may be more clearly understood I will now proceed to describe the same more fully
and in detail and for that purpose I have hereunto attached six sheets of Drawings
making a part of this Specification. The Drawings are marked with figures and
letters of reference corresponding with those used in the following description, like-
letters and figures being used to denote like, or corresponding parts throughout the
various views and figures.
Figure 2 is an outside elevation of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a front end view of the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure shows a group of the gearings for driving the different parts of the
apparatus.
Figure 5 shows a modified construction of the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3.
Figures 6 and 7 are sectional elevations of apparatus which I prefer to use for
dycing materials in the raw state.
In the dyeing apparatus illustrated by the Drawings with reference to Figures 1 to 5
A is the dye liquor receptacle over which are arranged two sets of the travelling devices
and the material to be dyed is fed into the first traveller B by the feeding mechanism D
constituting a wince and consisting of an upper roller d and a lower roller
mounted in a frame at each side, the surface of the roller being provided with a soft
covering. From the wince D the material which is represented by the dotted line Z
is led over the octagonal roller E which has a greater surface velocity than the wince
rollers d d by which means the material when passing on the traveller B is prevented
from lapping round the roller d. From this roller it passes to the traveller B which
is made to travel at such a velocity that a quantity of the material is piled upon it into
rows, designated by 7, in regular order, that is in such an order that upon its being
retaken up by and repassing over the wince no entanglement of the material will
take place.
Figure 8 is a diagram showing approximately the manner in which warps pile up
into a continuous row upon the traveller, the row assuming a triangular figuration.
The Drawing represents the warp coming from the wince onto the first traveller B.
The travellers herein shown are made of lattices & mounted on chains which run over
the chain pulleys which are fixed upon suitable shafts and run in bearings 62 at each
end of the machine. The material thus fed onto the traveller B is conveyed along
with the traveller and is delivered at its end over onto the lower traveller C which is
mounted in an inclined position over the dye liquor receptacle A. It is conveyed by
the traveller C in similar manner to that described with reference to the traveller B
until towards the lower end of it where it is taken round the rollerfas shown and
over the roller g which is provided with a brake down under the roller and
through the dye liquor in the receptacle A, which is represented by the shaded
graduated dotted lines in the Drawing, and again up to and over the wince D and so
the process is repeated. When the material under treatment is yarn or warps the

page_text: several lines, or, hanks are passed between guides K. so as to guide and keep them
separated from one another. The hanks are first tied together: at their opposite ends
to other hanks as they are fed into the machine until the whole length of the goods to
be dyed is in- the machine. The two ends are then connected and so form an endless
band which is constantly rotated until the dyeing process is completed. The endless
strand of material is passed prior to entering the wince over the guide roller i.
.
When material in the form of cloth in the manufactured state is being treated in
the machine, the guides K and guide roller i are dispensed with. The guides K are
preferably arranged-to-be-capable of-being-dropped,.or: hinged down out of position.
when so required.
In Figure 5 the travellers B and C are constructed in the form of a number of
contiguous rollers & which are arranged. to operate, that is revolve in the same direction;
by this means a conveyance of the material is effected equivalent to that obtained by
the use of the lattice travellers. The rollers may be driven by any known suitable
mechanism such as worm and worm wheel gear. The worm wheel being placed on
the roller shafts and the worms or a continuous worm suitably placed and geared with
them; or it may be effected by helicloidal gearing, but these well known mechanisms
will be understood and need therefor no further description.
In Figures 6 and 7 there are shown two devices, or arrangement of apparatus
suitable for dyeing materials in the raw state. In Figure 6 the material is conveyed
from the lower traveller to the upper traveller B by two lattice work endless
travelling bands d¹ forming an elevator which is thus an equivalent to the wince D
above specified. In Figure 7 the elevation from the lower traveller to the upper is
effected by a centrifugal elevating device D which is rotated at a velocity sufficient to
take the material as it is delivered from the traveller C and throw it centrifugally onto
the upper traveller B. In each example the travellers move and the material is
conveyed in the direction of the arrows and is delivered from the upper traveller B
onto the lower one and then conveyed back into the dye liquor substantially in the
same manner as previously set forth with reference to Figures 1 to 5. The lattice
work elevator D, fig. 6, would be suitably driven and provided with guide rollers to
keep the inner sides of each lattice in its correct position. A guide plate 3 is also
provided in this tank, or receptacle A to guide the inaterial to the elevator D as it is
delivered from the lower traveller G.
All dye liquor that may flow, or be squeezed from the material during its passage
through the feeders d' and during any portion. of the process is free to fall back into
the receptacle A...
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the arrangement and
construction of apparatus or machinery herein described and shown in the Drawings
for effecting the dyeing of materials in the manner herein set forth as this may take
various forms without departing from my Invention and it will assume such arrange-
ments and dispositions of parts accordingly as the particular conditions of its application
may necessitate, or may be found most suitable and convenient..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said. Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is
First. Effecting the dyeing of textile materials substantially in the manner herein
set forth, which consists essentially in subjecting such material to saturation by the
dye liquors then withdrawing it from such liquor and passing the saturated material
onto one; or more conveying devices preferably of the type herein specified.
Second. Effecting the dyeing of textile materials in the form of yarns warps slivers,
or cloth by 1st subjecting the material to saturation in the dye liquor;. 2nd withdrawing
the saturated material from the liquor and feeding it onto one, or more conveying tables,
or devices in piled rows in the manner described, by a feeding device such as described,
and then delivering such material so treated to re-saturations and repeated passages
ipon the conveying device, or devices, substantially in the manner herein set forth.
Third. A dyeing machine for dyeing textile materials in the form of yarn warps
slivers or cloth constructed and operating substantially as set forth wherein the

page_text: material is dyed as an endless band, or rope and is delivered from a dye liquor tank,
or receptacle by a feeding device onto a travelling, or conveying device, or travelling
devices in a piled row, or rows whereby a large quantity and length of material may
be treated in a machine, and substantially no slack, or loose material exists in any part
of the cycle of the process as set forth.
Fourth. In processes and machines of the type herein set forth for dyeing textile
materials in the manufactured, or part manufactured state, piling the material in rows
as herein described upon the travelling, or conveying devices such as B by a feeding
device such as a roller wince (D) substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Fifth. The use in combination with a dyeing machine of a lattice, or roller device
(such as B or C) for conveying the material substantially as and for the purposes set
forth with reference to Figures 1 to 5.
Sixth. The dyeing machine constructed and operating substantially as set forth with
reference to Figures 1 to 5 of the Drawings for the purposes specified.
Seventh. The dyeing machines constructed and operating substantially as set forth
with reference to Figures 6 and 7 of the Drawings for the purposes specified.