Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 14th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th July, 1887.
I, THOMAS HERBERT MARTIN of 212 Ladbroke Grove Road, Notting Hill,
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
1
From a sheet of brass, iron, tin, or other metal I stamp or cut a peculiar shaped
piece, which upon being bent into the desired form gives the base, sides, cloth plate
and presser arin of the machine, a small projection being left at the top right hand
corner and bent at right angles to the presser arm, a hole being drilled therein.
Under this projection at the right hand bottom corner is drilled another hole and into
these two holes is placed an upright bar, round, and of any suitable diameter, this
being rigidly fastened to or rivetted in the holes before mentioned to strengthen the
whole frame and at the same time form a slide and also a fulcrum for and upon which
I place an arm something like the letter U placed thus the upper part of which
carries the needle, the lower part being utilised in'a manner hereafter described. At
the side of the above U-shaped piece are two lugs, which are drilled the size of the
upright bar before mentioned, and the arm or U-shaped piece being placed thereon is
capable of, and receives an up and down and a backward and forward motion, also,
in short four distinct motions, the down motion is used for passing the needle through
the fabric, the backward motion effects the feed while the needle is at the bottom, the
needle then rises to the top of its stroke and then makes the forward motion for the
next stitch. I feed the material to be stitched while the needle is in the fabric.
My needle accomplishes the usual four motions of an ordinary machine. The needle
swings from a fulcrum and moves in small segments of a circle, which are so minute
as not to effect the straight line desired in stitching. My feed has no control over
the pull in of the stitch itself, consequently a straight line of stitching is produced.
Any zigzag pattern may be produced at the will of the operator.
In order that I may gain the up and down motion for the needle arm I place a
small crank shaft in position through the base of the machine, the end of which shaft
forms a crank, and handle next to the crank. On this crank is placed a short rod, the
other end of which rod is fastened to the upper end of the needle arm,
and the crank
being turned gives an up and down motion to the needle arm.

page_text: In order to gain the backward and forward motio desired to feed out the material
to be stitched I place behind the lower arm of the U-shaped piece or needle arm, a
small spring which presses against the back of the frame of the machine and pushes
the whole of the needle arm over towards the operator, this spring is at the back of
the needle arm, and in front of this spring on the other side of the needle arm, and
fastened to the crank shaft is a small push piece which forces the needle arm back-
wards while the arm is at the bottom of its stroke, yet when the arm is at the top or
highest point allows it to come forward in readiness to form another stitch for it is
these two latter motions which produce the length of stitch, which may be regulated
to any desired length by simply moving the small push piece to a different place on the
crank shaft.
A rotary hook is fastened to the straight end of the crank shaft and a tension
appliance placed to hold a reel of cotton preferably at the back of the machine together
with a spring presser foot to hold the work firmly to the cloth plate.
Dated this 20th day of Santamban 1000
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said T. H. Martin.

page_text: An Improved Sewing Machine.
I, THOMAS HERBERT MARTIN, of 212 Ladbroke Grove Road, Notting Hill,
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
--
A sewing maching according to my invention is constructed as I will describe
referring to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a side view, Fig. 2 is a front
view, Fig. 3 is a plan and Fig. 4 is a perspective.
From a sheet of brass, iron, tin, or other metal 1 stamp or cut a peculiar shaped
piece A, which, upon being bent into the desired form, gives the base B, the side and
back, the cloth plate T, and the presser arm, a small projection a³ being left at the top
right hand corner and bent at right angles to the presser arm with a hole drilled
through it. Under this projection at the right hand corner of the base is drilled
another hole and in these two holes is rivetted or otherwise fixed an upright round
bar b which strengthens the frame and forms a slide and also a fulcrum on which I
fit an arm E, which carries the needle N fixed to it by a nut n¹. At the side of the
piece E are two lugs e¹ which are drilled to fit the bar 6 so that E is capable of an
up and down, and a backward and forward oscillating motion, or four distinct
motions.
By the down motion the needle is passed through the fabric, the backward motion
of E effects the feed while the needle is down, and when the needle rises, E makes the
forward motion for the next stitch.
Thus the material to be stitched is fed by the needle when it is in the fabric, the
needle acting as a four motion feed. Through the needle, swinging on b as a fulcrum
or centre, moves in small circular arcs, these are so minute that they do not effect the
straightness of the line of stitching; the feed has no control over the pull in of the
stitch itself consequently a straight, curved, or zigzag line of stitching may be
produced at the will of the operator. In order to effect the up and down motion of
the needle arm E, a spindle, mounted in bearings a¹ a² in the base, has its end bent
to form a crank and handle f³. The crank is linked by a rod to a pin et at
the upper part of the needle arm E; and thus, on the crank being turned, an up and
down motion is given to the needle arm. In order to effect the backward and forward
motion required for feed, I place behind the lower arm of E a spring e which presses
the needle arm towards the operator, and in front of the needle arm I fix on the
crank spindle a cam or eccentric which forces the needle arm E backwards while
the arm is at the lower part of its stroke, and, when the arm is at the upper part of
its stroke, allows E to be pressed forward by the spring es in readiness to form another
stitch the length of which being determined by this backward and forward motion of E,
may be varied by simply moving the cam or eccentric f¹ to a different place on the
spindle, so as to act on E nearer to or farther from its fulcrum b.

page_text: A rotary looper G is fixed on the end of the spindle; a tension appliance consisting
of a nut c¹ and spring holds a reel of cotton at the back of the machine on an
arm a and a presser foot D having slots to receive pins d³ is pressed down by a
spring d¹ and can be raised by a lug d².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
1. The frame A with its parts a¹ a² a³ B and T made so that it can be punched or
stamped and bent in one piece from sheet metal.
2. The needle arm E with its parts c¹ c² and c³ made so that it can be punched or
stamped and bent in one piece from sheet metal.
3. The combination of the needle arm E the rod b on which it can slide and turn,
the arm e³ and spring e, with the rotating cam f, these parts operating together for
advancing the fabric-the length of a stitch at every stroke of the needle.
4. The combination of the needle arm E its vertical guide b and its pin et with the
link f* and crank ƒ, these parts operating for effecting the up and down strokes of
the needle.
Dated this 14th day of June 1887