Improvements in Rotary Engines or Turbines, and in the Method of Operating the same.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Engines or Turbines, and in the Method
of Operating the same.
I, JOHAN THORSSIN, of Alingsas, in the Kingdom of Sweden, Mechanician, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to rotary engines or turbines and to the method of
operating same, and consists essentially in intermixing by means of injectors a
gaseous and a liquid substance under pressure and converting same into a driving
force of hydraulic constituency, thus obtaining a higher effective degree and a
lower speed in the turbine than when steam or other gas is directly employed.
A. turbine constructed in accordance with the principle of the invention is
shown in the accompanying drawings in which,
Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line A B of Figure 2, Figure 2 a hori-
zontal section on the line CD of Figure 1; Figure 3 a view of the turbine wheel
from beneath; and Figure 4 a detail view of one of the paddles or vanes.
A steam-pipe 2 enters through the side wall of the turbine casing 1, radially
to the turbine shaft 3. Injectors 5 are placed in the annular part 4, said
injectors having steam nozzles 6 and suction pipes 7, which latter extend into an
annular recess 8 in the lower part of the turbine casing where a liquid substance
is contained. Between the annular parts 4 and the side of the turbine casing
there is provided an annular passage 9 into which the steam from the steam
pipe 2 is first admitted. The inlet to the turbine wheel 10 is radial and the
outlet is directed axially to the turbine spindle for which purpose the paddles
or vanes 11 as shown in Figure 4 are turned spirally from a radial to an axial
direction and are bent to a parabola with the sharpest bend against the end of
the vanes, whereby they are considerably broader, so that the passages widen
out towards the discharge side of the wheel which has for a consequence to
diminish the speed of the driving mixture. 12 is the cover of the turbine casing,
13 stuffing box and bearing, and 14 footstep or bottom socket.
Assuming steam and water to be the motive power employed, the turbine
will work as follows:-
The steam passes through the pipe 2 into the annular passage 9 from whence
it flows into the injectors 5 and sucks up water through the pipes 7. The water
is then mixed with the steam which is thereby partially condensed, the water
receiving from the former the speed at which it enters the turbine wheel 10.
After the mixture has passed the vanes it passes into the annular recess 8 where
the water collects in order to be again drawn up by the injectors. By this
circulation of the water it is maintained at a high temperature. Superfluous
liquid and steam escape through the discharge pipe 15.
Instead of steam, compressed air or other suitable gases may be employed and
instead of water any other suitable liquid substance."
As the mixture hereinhefore described of gas and liquid is of greater specific

page_text: gravity and density than gas alone, the turbine with a reduced speed developes
a higher degree of effectiveness than when steam alone is employed.
Dated this 26th day of February 1898.
WM, P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Rotary Engines or Turbines, and in the Method
of Operating the same.
I, JOHAN THORSSIN, of Alingsas, in the Kingdom of Sweden, Mechanician, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to rotary engines' or turbines and to the method of
operating same, and consists essentially in intermixing by means of injectors a
gaseous and a liquid substance under pressure and converting same into a driving
force of hydraulic constituency, thus obtaining a higher effective degree and a
lower speed in the turbine than when steam or other gas is directly employed.
A turbine constructed in accordance with the principle of the invention is
shown in the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification, in which,
Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line A B of Figure 2, Figure 2 a hori-
zontal section on the line C D of Figure 1; Figure 3 a view of the turbine wheel
from beneath; and Figure 4 a detail view of one of the paddles or vanes.
A steam-pipe 2 enters through the side wall of the turbine casing 1, radially
to the turbine shaft 3. Injectors 5 are placed in the annular part 4, saidb
injectors having steam nozzles 6 and suction pipes 7, which latter extend into an
annular recess 8 in the lower part of the turbine casing where a liquid substance
is contained. Between the annular parts and the side of the turbine casing
there is provided an annular passage 9 into which the steam from the steam
pipe 2 is first admitted. The inlet to the turbine wheel 10 is radial and the
outlet is directed axially to the turbine shaft for which purpose the paddles
or vanes 11 as shown in Figure 4 are turned spirally from a radial to an axial
direction and are bent to a parabola with the sharpest bend against the end of
the vanes, whereby they are considerably broader, so that the passages widen
out towards the discharge side of the wheel which has for a consequence to
diminish the speed of the driving mixture. 12 is the cover of the turbine casing,
13.stuffing box and bearing, and 14 footstep or bottom socket.
Assuming steam and water to be the motive power employed, the turbine.
will work as follows:-
The steam passes through the pipe 2 into the annular passage 9 from whence
it flows into the injectors 5 and sucks up water through the pipes 7. The' water
is then mixed with the steam which is thereby partially condensed, the water
receiving from the former the speed at which it enters the turbine wheel 10.
After the mixture has passed the vanes it passes into the annular recess 8 where
the water collects in order to be again drawn up by the injectors. By this
circulation of the water it is maintained at a high temperature. Superfluous
liquid and steam escape through the discharge pipe 15.
Instead of steam, compressed air or other suitable gases may be employed and
instead of water any other suitable liquid substance.
As the mixture hereinbefore described of gas and liquid is of greater specific

page_text: gravity and density than gas alone, the turbine with a reduced speed develops
a higher degree of effectiveness than when steam alone is employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A method of operating turbines or rotary engines consisting in intermixing
under pressure by means of injectors a gaseous and a liquid sub-
stance such for instance as steam, compressed air or other gas with water or other
liquid substance, the gas thus imparting active force to the liquid with which it
acts upon the turbine wheel and converting the pressure of the gas into a driving
force of hydraulic constituency with the object of obtaining a higher effective
degree and a lower speed in the turbine than when gases are directly employed,
substantially as herein before set forth.
2. For carrying out the method herein before described in turbines of rotary
engines, the arrangement of a steam pipe (2) entering through the side wall of
the turbine casing and connecting with an annular passage (9) formed by the
said wall of the casing and an annular piece (4) attached to the turbine casing,
in which annular passage injectors (5) discharging against the turbine wheel
and having steam nozzles ((i) and suction pipes (7) are placed, which latter
extend into an annular recess (8) provided with a discharge pipe (15) in the lower
part of the turbine casing with the object of causing steam or gas to enter the
annular passage (9) through the said steam pipe (2) and to flow from thence into
the injectors (5) and to draw liquid through the suction pipes (7) from the lower
part of the turbine and to become mixed with the said liquid and to impart to
the same the speed at which the latter enters the turbine wheel, the liquid after
it has passed the vanes passing into the annular recess (8) where it can accumu-
late in order to be again drawn up by the injectors, whilst any superfluous liquid
and steam can escape through the said discharge pipe (15) substantially as
described.
3. For carrying out the method herein before described in turbines or rotary
engines, an arrangement consisting in the inlet to the turbine wheel (10) being
radial and the outlet directed axially to the turbine shaft (3) and the vanes being
turned spirally from a radial to an axial direction and bent to a parabola with
the sharpest bend against the end of the vanes or the discharge side of the wheel
where the passages themslves widen out with the object of constantly increasing
the area of the passages towards the discharge side of the wheel, whereby the
speed of the driving mixture is diminished so that the driving power is dis-
tributed evenly over the whole extent of the vanes or paddles substantially as
described.
Dated this 16th day of November 1800
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.