IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Young, of the City of Glasgow, Manufacturing
Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS."
Sealed the 9th August 1858, and dated the 11th March 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1858.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of the City of Glasgow, Manufacturing, Chemist do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to
be as follows:―
Some oils, to make them burn well, require a current of air, which is generally
produced by placing a chimney over the flame. The principle of my improve-
ment consists in causing the lantern or chamber in which the oil is burned to
act as a chimney, and thus produce a draught of air.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Young in the Great Seal Patent Oflice on the
11th September 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
YOUNG, of the City of Glasgow, Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Iler heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Young, Her special licence, that I, the said James Young,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Young, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Young, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates chiefly to lamps in which oil is burnt (such as
paraffine), requiring a current of air playing directly on the flame for the full
development of its light, & which current is now obtained by the use of a
glass chimney, and consists in making the case or body of the lamp or lanthorn
act as a chimney. The annexed Drawing is a section of my improved lamp,
suited for railway signals. A is the body or case of the lamp, with the usual
glass & reflector; B, B, B, diaphragm across the lamp; F, hole through
which the flame & air pass (for an Argand burner it should be round & of
the same diameter as the wick, for a flat wick it should be about quarter inch
wide & one eighth inch longer than the width of the wick). The lamp with
the oil can C, C, slides into the case, so that the top of the wick tube is

page_text: directly under the hole F, about half an inch; D, D, apertures for admitting
air, & E, E, those for its exit; these should be well guarded from gusts of
wind; G, pinion arrangement for regulating the flame. The arrows indicate
the air currents, which must enter only through D, D.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not confine myself to any form of lamp or lanthorn, but claim
making the case or chamber of the lamp act as a chimney by a diaphragm
therein, thereby causing a current of air to impinge against the flame, & so
dispensing with the glass chimney; and although I have described the use of
a diaphragm in the case or chamber, I also claim placing a lamp below the
bottom of the lanthorn, and using the bottom thereof in like manner & for
like purpose as the diaphragm, or in any way in which the case or chamber of
the lanthorn is made to act as the chimney.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord
1050
JAMES YOUNG. (L.S.)