A Continuous Down-draft Brick Kiln.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1896
Complete canais
4000 Accented
DALL Dee
1906
Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1908 Accepted, 24th Dec., 1906
A Continuous Down-draft Brick Kiln.
I SAMUEL ABRAM of 3 Mark Street, Stacksteads, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:--
This continuous down-draught brick-kila is intended to burn bricks and other
articles made from clay without disfiguring them with fire.
My improved brick kilns are intended to be built in a series of chambers
connected together by hot air flues fitted with dampers so arranged that the hot
air may be directed from any chamber or chambers into any other chamber or
chambers or to the chimney as may be required.
The heat required for burning the bricks or other articles is produced by the
consumption of slack coal which is fed into each chamber from above through
vertical feed pockets. These feed pockets are open at top and bottom and are so
placed that the fuel as it is fed in will fall upon a series of grates which are
arranged along each side of the chamber underneath the feed pockets, the grates
being placed three feet apart behind a flash wall, and about level with the floor of
the chamber.
The grates are supplied with air which is drawn down from above the kiln
through air pipes opening below the grates and the fire is thereby drawn through
the grates into the chamber containing the bricks or other articles towards and
through a number of holes leading into a branch burning flue communicating with
the main burning flue and thence to the chimney.
The hot air from the finished chambers is utilized in drying the green bricks
from the machines previously to burning them by passing the hot air from the
finished or firing chambers through pockets in the top of the chamber into
branch hot air flues above leading to the main hot air flue from whence it
passes into another branch hot air flue and through pockets into the top of
the chamber containing the green bricks to be dried previously to burning,
and it will be evident that by opening and closing the dampers in the flues
accordingly so as to divert the air currents in the required directions, the kiln may
be kept in continuous action, some of the chambers being utilized for drying the
green bricks whilst at the same time the other chambers are burning or firing the
dried bricks, and when the green bricks in any chamber are dried the grates in
that chamber can be supplied with fuel and the bricks fired, and as each chamber
is finished it can be emptied and supplied with fresh green bricks for drying.
The steam generated from drying the green bricks is drawn down through holes
in the floor into the branch flues above named leading to the main burning flue
and thence to the chimney.
This kiln can be built in rectangular form or it may be made with the two ends
curved or rounded.
L
1900
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: 1
SAMUEL ABRAM of Pleasant View, Newbarn, Stacksteads near Manchester in
the County of Lancashire Brickmaker and late of 3 Mark Street Stacksteads
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings and numbered Sheet One and Sheet Two,
Sheet One showing, on the top half a plan and the lower half a section at the
ground line Sheet Two showing sections cross vertical and longitudinal.
The invention relates to a kiln devised for the more economical burning of
bricks, tiles, terra cotta, salt glazed or enameled ware, lime or cement, as well as
the production of such articles thereby, of a cleaner and more uniform quality and
colour.
The construction consists of a number of chambers (arched) and arranged in
plan as an oblong, ellipse or circle, the number of chambers shown in the
accompanying drawings are eight, but this number may be increased or decreased
as may be preferred, or found suitable..
Referring to the drawings, each chamber is provided with a number of fire-
grates (1) down each side, and fires are also arranged across the kila at the
division of each chamber, these firegrates and fires are supplied with fuel through
openings or tubes formed in the construction of the kiln as (2), and the fires down
the sides are supplied with air passing beneath the grates by the tubes formed in
the construction as (3) communicating with the outside air, either vertically as
shown at (3) or in an horizontal or oblique direction.
By this means perfect combustion of fuel is secured, and a maximum of heat
developed with a minimum of fuel, and the goods are cleaner through the fuel not
being in contact with them.
The heat from the fires passes upwards to the arch of the kiln, and is then
drawn downwards, and through openings in the floor of the chamber to a burning
flue (4), each chamber being provided with one of these flues, each of which
communicates with a main burning flue (5), which is provided with a damper for
each chamber, a flue or flues being carried from the main burning flue to the
chimney which may be built on the most convenient site.
In the crown of the arch or the haunches, openings are formed communicating
with a series of hot air flues and branches (6) formed in the covering of the arch,
and so arranged as to gather the heated air from all parts of the chamber, and
conduct it to a main hot air flue (7) provided with a damper for each chamber.
The waste or surplus heat can by this arrangement be extracted from any
chamber and taken through the hot air flues named, to any other chamber in
'which it may be desired to utilize it in drying the goods or augmenting the heat
in such chamber, the heat being put into such chamber by opening the damper
communicating with the hot air flues of the chamber in which it is desired to
"be used.
:.
The chambers at each end are also provided with additional hot air or fire
flues (8) to facilitate the more equal distribution of the heat in passing from one
end chamber to the next.
The regulation of the dampers of the burning flues in conjunction with the hot
air flues make it possible to attain perfect uniformity of heat in all parts of the
chamber at any stage of the burning, while the kiln works in continuous succession
from chamber to chamber as in Hoffman or other continuous kilns.
The hot air flues can also be used to more rapidly cool the kilns, the heat being
taken from the part where it generally hangs e.g. the crown of the arch.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. That the firegrates and fires being arranged in the interior of the kiln
and supplied with air and fuel as hereinbefore described are novel and original.
Second. The construction and arrangement of the hot air flues and branches,.
and main hot air flue as herein before described and indicated.
Lastly. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming a complete
kiln, substantially as and for the purposes herein described and indicated, and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings, and that I do not confine myself to the
details given, so long as the particular character of the invention be retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Abram, have hereunto set my hand.
Dated the Fifteenth day of October 1896.
SAMUEL ABRAM,
Pleasant View, New Barn, Stacksteads, near Manchester.