Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 16th Nov., 1888
1, ERNEST RICHARD ROYSTON, of 20 Fern Grove, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements upon an invention described in
tho Specification of Letters Patent No. 12385 A.D. 1885 granted to me.
According to this invention the end, as set forth in the above cited Specification
namely the prevention of initial condensation of the steam used in the cylinders of
steam engines is effected as follows:-
I employ a fluid, heated above the temperature of the steam used in the cylinders
of steam engines, in the jackets of such cylinders and their accessory steam passages
and cause the fluid to be circulated through them so as to maintain the required
temperature. The fluids which I employ are heated air, hot air and steam heated
water or oil, or the hot products of combustion after leaving a steam generator.
When using hot water, it is heated under pressure and passed through the jackets
by a suitable forcing appliance such as a pump, and this water may afterwards be
passed into the boiler. The water used is preferably fresh water and inay be supplied
from the hot well of the engine or other source. The source of heat may be that
provided by the waste gases of combustion or other suitable source, and the water may
be heated in a system of pipes. In the case of oil having a high boiling point it
may be heated under ordinary atmospheric pressure or slightly above it.
When air or the waste hot products of combustion are employed it may be caused
to circulate through the jackets by a steam jet forcing or exhausting appliance or a
pump. When a jet appliance is used a certain proportion of steam would be mixed
with the air or products as the case may be. In like manner as above specified with
reference to the water the air or air and steam is heated by the heat of the waste heat
leaving the boilers by passing it through a system of tubes preferably cast iron or
•

page_text: steel subjected to the heat of the waste heated products of combustion leaving the
boiler. Where the hot products of combustion are employed, the dust contained in
them is as far as possible removed by filtration or precipitation.
The jackets herein before mentioned may be those such as are ordinarily employed
in steam engines, and to those may be addod jackets to the steam passages pipes or
valve cases connected with the cylinders of steam engines.
It will be seen that when hot water is employed for the object herein set forth and
that such water is after use in the jackets of the cylinders passed into the boilers it
constitutes feed water. The whole or part of the feed water may be so heated and
used, accordingly as circumstances may require. The water may be heated in any
suitable vessel or system of pipes and the gases of combustion after use in the boiler
proper may be used to heat the water to a temperature greater than that of the steam
used in the cylinder. The pressure under which this water must be heated will depend
upon the temperature required.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Agents for Applicant.

page_text: 1, ERNEST RICHARD ROYSTON, of 20 Fern Grove, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements set forth in the Specification of
Letters Patent No. 12385 A.D. 1885 granted to me.
According to this Invention the end, as set forth in the above cited Specification,
namely, the prevention of initial condensation of the steam used in the cylinders of
steam engines and the evaporation of water therein, is effected as follows:
I employ a fluid, heated above the temperature of the steam used in the cylinders
of steam engines, in the jackets of such cylinders and their accessory steam passages,
and cause the fluid to be circulated through them so as to maintain the required
temperature. The fluids which I employ are heated air, hot air and steam, heated
water or oil, or the hot products of combustion after leaving a steam generator. When
using hot water it is heated under pressure and passed through the jackets by a
suitable forcing appliance such as a pump, and this water may afterwards be
into the boiler. The water used is preferably fresh water, and may be supplied from
the hot well of the engine or other source. The source of heat may be that provided
by the waste gases of combustion or other suitable source, and the water may be
heated in a system of pipes. In the case of oil having a high boiling point, it may
be heated under ordinary atmospheric pressure or slightly above it.
sed.
When air or the waste hot products of combustion are employed it may be caused
to circulate through the jackets by a steam jet forcing or exhausting appliance, or a
pump. When a jet appliance is used a certain proportion of steain would be mixed
with air or products as the case may be. In like manner as above specified with
reference to the water, the air or air and steam is heated by the heat of the waste heat
leaving the boilers, by passing it through a system of tubes, preferably cast iron or
steel, subjected to the heat of the waste heated products of combustion leaving the
boiler. Where the hot product of combustion are employed, the dust contained in
them is as far as possible removed by filtration or precipitation. The word "jackets
herein mentioned is used to include those of the covers as well as the walls of the
cylinders, that is to say, the spaces formed around the cylinder walls and the top and
bottom covers, such as are ordinarily employed in steam engines; and to these may be.
added jackets to the steam passages, pipes, or valve cases connected with the cylinders
of steam engines.
"
It will be seen that when hot water is employed for the object herein set forth, and
that such water is after use in the jackets of the cylinders passed into the boilers, it
constitutes feed water. The whole or part only of the feed water may be so heated,
and used, accordingly as circumstances may require. The water may be heated in
any suitable vessel or system of pipes and the gases of combustion after use in the

page_text: boiler proper may be used to heat the water to a temperature greater than that of the
steam used in the cylinder. The pressure under which this water must be heated will
depend upon the temperature required.
In the drawings hereunto annexed which serve to illustrate my Invention, the samo
letters and figures of reference are used to denote like or corresponding parts
throughout the views.
A diagramatic view illustrative of an arrangement in which hot water is the fluid
employed for the purposes herein specified, is shown in Figure 1. In the Figure,
a and a designate the high and low pressure cylinders respectively of a marine
Compound"
"Engine; is a marine steam generator of the type usually employed
in the merchant marine steam vessels; c is a system of pipes placed in the uptake
of the steam generator; d is a pump for pumping water, say from the hot well of the
condensere of the engine to the said system of pipes, from thence through the
jackets and covers of the cylinders, and so on to the steam generator. f designates
pipes leading from the hot well to the pump d, and from the pump to the pipes c;
is the pipe leading from the pipes e to the cylinder a; his the pipe forming com-
munication between the jackets of the two cylinders a and a¹ and is the pipe
leading from the cylinder al to the generator b. k designates a delivery valve past
which the water is forced into the generator.
C
In this instance the pump is placed between the pipes c which heat the water-
which under all cases would by preference be fresh-and the sourco from whence the
supply of water is delivered.
To obtain the extra temperature in the water above that of the steam entering the
cylinders a, the valve which may be of any known kind, such as a spring weighted
one, is so adjusted that the water from the pipe i will not be allowed to pass the valve
unless it is under a pressure corresponding to the required extra temperature of the
water, which, say, may be 20 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit. This valve
any where upon the pipe i, or it may be placed upon the pipe h.
may be placed
In other kinds of steam generators to the one specified, the tubes or other heating
medium e may be placed in any duct, by which the waste gases are led away, if such
gases be hot enough, but if not, then they may be placed in the flues of the generator
or be otherwise suitably heated.
It will be observed in this case that the water after being passed through the
jackets of the high pressure cylinder a is passed through those of the low pressure
cylinder a. By this means the pressure of the working steam whilst expanding in
the cylinder would be maintained above that it would be under ordinary conditions,
and a greater proportion of the available heat of the fuel would thereby be rendered
useful. If the engine were of the "triple expansion or "quadruple expansion
type the water might with advantage be passed through all the jackets of the
cylinders, or in any engine employing multiple cylinders, wherein the expansions
are carried out in grades; the water or other fluid herein specified may be used in
any one of such cylinders, or in any combination or succession thereof.
"
The arrangement of apparatus set forth with reference to Figure 1 would be
suitable for cases in which oil was used in lieu of water, the oil of course being
circulated instead of passed into the generator. If an oil or other suitable liquid be
used having a boiling point under atmospheric pressure, of the requisite number of
degrees of heat higher than that of the steam in the cylinder it is desired to heat, the
pressure at which it may be used, will by preference be that of the atmosphere. I
would at the same time here remark that other suitable liquids having various boiling
points may be used instead of water or an oil of the nature just described.
Figures 2 and 3 are diagramatic views in side and front clevation respectively
showing a steam generator of the marine multitubular type, provided with apparatus
according to this invention, wherein hot air and steam is employed; and Figure 41
is a cylinder in sectional elevation, showing an example of the course taken by the
fluid in passing through the jackets.
With reference to these Figures, d designates a steam jet apparatus or motor of
the injector type, and it is used for forcing air through the pipes c placed in the

page_text: uptake of the steam generator b. The pipe g leads the heated air and steam to the
cylinder. is a cock for supplying the air injector d with steam from the
generator. After passing through the cylinder jackets the air and steam would
be preferably either brought back to the injector and recirculated, reheated and
reused, or sent under the furnace of the generators.
In lieu of air being forced through the cylinder jackets by the injector d, it may be
drawn first through the pipes c and then through the jackets by an ejector d placed
on the exit or escape pipe i of the cylinder, as illustrated in Figure 5. In this case
the air may be admitted to the pipes e by having the end of the coil of pipes c
open.
In Figure 6 is shown an arrangement by which the hot products of combustion of
the fuel from the steam generator may be used in the jackets of the cylinders for the
herein described purposes. Figure 7 is a detail of a part of the apparatus shown in
Figure 6.
In the drawings, m is a metal box which is intended to be used for the purpose of
extracting the dust or solid matters from the gases of combustion, taken from the
uptake of the generator by the pipe c.
The box is provided with a series of partitions m², m³, and a perforated or mesh
work bottom m³. The partitions m' hang from the roof of the box, and the gases
pass under their lower edges, whilst the partitions m² are not connected to the roof,
and the gases pass over their upper edges. The arrows in the drawing denote the
course taken by the gases through the box. By the repeated reversals of motion, and
the lengthened time taken in traversing the box due to the relative large section area
of its passages to those of the inlet pipe, the dust or solid matters contained in the
gases would be wholly or to a great extent deposited in the bottom of the box, from whence
they may be easily drawn from time to time. The motor for passing the gases through
the pipes c and the cylinder jackets, in this application of my invention, may be an
exhausting ejector arranged and operating in the manner set forth with reference to
Figure 5, or it may be any known suitable kind of gas forcing pump, or preferably
an exhausting pump. It will be evident if the pump be of the exhausting kind it
would be most suitably arranged on the exhaust pipe leading from the cylinder
jacket; whilst if it be the forcing kind, then it would be placed anywhere conveniently
on the pipe g leading from the pipes c to the cylinders of the engine.
i
An air pump might also be used in lieu of the injector or ejectors & set forth with
reference to Figures 2, 3 and 4 to cause the air to pass through the pipes c and
cylinder jackets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The employment in the "jackets" of the cylinder or cylinders of steam engines,
of atmospheric air, gases of combustion, or other gases, substantially in the manner
herein described, said fluid being of a higher temperature than the temperature of the
steam used in the said cylinder or cylinders.
2. The employment in the "Jackets" of the cylinder or cylinders of steam engines
of water, oil, or other liquid, substantially in the manner herein described, said liquid
being of a higher temperature than the temperature of the steam used in the said
cylinder or cylinders.
3. In connection with a steam engine generator, introducing the water employed
in the jackets of the cylinders of said engines as described, into the said generator;
as, or substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. The use in the jackets of the cylinders of steam engines, of water at greater
pressure than the pressure of the steam employed in said cylinder substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
5. The mode of heating water and utilizing it in the jackets of cylinders of steam
engines; as, or substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 1.

page_text: 6. The mode of heating oil or other liquids and utilizing it in the jackets of steam
engines, substantially as herein set forth."
7. The mode of heating air, gas or like gaseous fluids and utilizing them in the
jackets of cylinders of steam engines; substantially as herein set forth.
S. Effecting the separation of dust and solid matters from the products of combus-
tion leaving steam generators and used for the purposes herein specified, by apparatus
operating substantially as set forth.
9. The use of the steam jet exhausting or forcing apparatus for causing air or
other gaseous fluids to pass through pipes such as c and the jackets of the cylinders of
steam engines as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 9th day of October 1988
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Agents for Applicant.