Improvements in Liquid Fuel-burners.
Year: 1897

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Liquid Fuel-burners.
We, LA SOCIÉTÉ DES GÉNÉRATEURS À VAPORISATION INSTANTANÉE SYSTÈME,
L. SERPOLLET, and LEON SERPOLLET, both of 15 Rue des Halles, Paris, France,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In a liquid-fuel burner according to this invention, the vapour of petroleum or
other liquid hydrocarbon is injected under pressure into a Bunsen passage and is
burned in contact with air, which is drawn in by the jet and is heated by contact
with the body of the burner and with the flame.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows in central vertical section a burner
according to this invention and represents diagrammatically at one side the petroleum
reservoir that feeds it;
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line xx¹; and
Fig. 3 is a partial horizontal section on the line y y¹ of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section through the axis of a second burner similar to that
shown in the preceding figures but inverted, so that the vapour issues downwardly
from the pipes or nozzles, the air necessary for combustion entering the burner in its
upper part; and
Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken through the axis of the air passages H, H
shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a vertical cross section on the line X X of Fig. 8 of a burner in which the
Bunsen jets are horizontal ;
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal vertical section, on the line Y Y of Fig. 6, of this burner;
and
Fig. 8 is a front elevation thereof.
A (Fig. 1) is a reservoir of petroleum under air pressure, its upper part a
communicating with a pressure gauge band containing compressed air supplied by a
pipe c. d is a pipe through which the petroleum passes into the bottom of the body
of the burner. In this pipe is arranged a regulating-cock e or other device for con-
trolling the passage of the liquid. B is the central body of the burner, which is of
the most refractory metal possible and serves as a boiler. The petroleum passes into
the lower part of this body through a passage f, assuming therein a variable level = 2,
and is therein heated and vaporized. g is a discharge-passage formed, as is the
pipe, through a screw-threaded part, which may be prolonged in the form of a
union. C is a base-piece upon which the central body of the burner is screwed after
there has been screwed into the former a tubular stud h upon the head of which a
suentiis sipped and through which passes a central tube j, which conveys the
petroleum-vapour into al space w. From this space it passes into radiating
passages nn.... above the outer end of each of which there is inserted an
injecting tube o, from which, as in a Bunsen burner, a jet of gas is projected through
an orifice along the axis of the corresponding cylindrical chamber D, with
admission of air all round.

page_text: As shown, the gases to be burned pass directly to the orifices p of the small
injector-tubes o. E is the onter body of the burner containing the chambers D D
which serve as Bunsen passages for drawing in air. This body may be cast in one
with the central body, but it is preferably made separate; it may be of metal but it
is preferably of refractory material. qq are partitions which separate the several
chambers D D from one another. F is a removable plate of refractory material
surrounding the central body B at its upper part so as to receive the impact of the
flames produced by the jets issuing from the tubes o, o
This plate deflects
the said flames, causing them to spread out laterally all round its edge; after which,
all the gases being well intermixed and burned by contact with the hot surface of the
plate F, they rise up towards the vaporizing tubes of the boiler or other apparatus to
be heated. A portion of these gases passes through the annular aperture u formed
by and between the plate F and the central body B, and strikes against an upper
plate F which is heated thereby and in its turn deflects the streams of gas. G is
the peripheral wall of the central passage H through which the outer air reaches
injecting tubes o. The outer body E of the burner bears and is centered upon the
said wall by means of its flange and its centering fillet k¹. Screw plugs are
arranged at the outer ends of the various passages to facilitate their inspection and
cleaning.
The preliminary heating of the petroleum for starting the apparatus may be
effected in various ways: Fig. 4 shows a channel into which there is poured
inflammable liquid that is ignited in order to heat-up the burner. The force and
volume of the lighted jets result from the pressure exerted by the compressed air
upon the petroleum. The outer body of the burner in which the Bunsen passages
are formed, is preferably movable and of refractory material and either in one piece
or in two pieces hooped together. The refractory plate F is placed on three or
four projections and affords an annular passage to the hot gases or to the flames
which produce the preparatory heating of the petroleum contained in the burner.
The body of the burner shown in Figs. 4 and 5 is held and centered by a screw
fixed in the centre of a shell in which terminate the passages for the supply of
air to the Bunsen jets.
Instead of producing the heating flames by means of multiple gas nozzles or
outlets each emitting gas into a Buusen tube or chamber, as herein before described
and shown, there may be employed a single nozzle or outlet of a variable annular
section.
In this case the interior of the central body of the burner in which the
petroleum is vaporized, is maintained under a constant pressure, and the intensity
of the flame is regulated only by the variations of the section of the outlet for
the gas.
Similarly several nozzles or outlets of variable section may be grouped together
in order to produce a burner of great power.
Figs. 6, 7, and 8 show how, by proceeding in the same manner and by employing
the same means, there may be produced a burner having horizontal Bunsen jets,
placed outside the furnace under the eye and the hand of the stoker, and thus
removed from the action of the heat generated by the ignited jets, which are chiefly
consumed in the furnace itself under the apparatus to be heated.
11
.
The petroleum coming from the reservoir A under pressure to the bottom of the
body A, of the burner, preferably by the pipe C₁, and entering at the centre of the
lower passage D₁, flows in the direction indicated by the arrows, and becomes
gradually heated and vaporized in the passages D₁₁ D₁" by contact with the
heated material of which the burner is composed. From the upper passage D₁111
the hot combustible gases, are distributed by the passages, H
into the simple
or forked tubes E₁, E₁¹, E,¹¹, each provided with a nozzle F, for a Bunsen jet. Each
nozzle thus projects under pressure along the axis of each of the Bunsen passages G₁,
a jet of hot gas, which is caused by contact with the surrounding air drawn in by it,
to form a continuous horizontal jet of flame which heats the walls as also the mass of

page_text: the rear portion of the body of the burner, and, becoming in its turn heated by
reaction, enters the furnace, where it spreads and heats the parts to be heated.
The burner having horizontal jets, like the burners having vertical or inclined jets,
is provided with a discharge-tube H, and cleaning-plugs I, II, I".
The body of the burner, suspended by means of lugs against the surface (of
refractory material) of the furnace, from the heat of which it is removed, may be
covered-in by means of a thin sheet of metal which has boles made through it to
allow of an abundant supply of air and is provided with a lower hinged door, and also
with one or more mica windows. A passage L allows there to be drawn into the
furnace a supplementary quantity of air, which is regulated so as to effect a complete
combustion of the combustible petroleum gases that would otherwise escape being
burned, either in the jet of flame formed at the centre of the Bunsen passage or at the
outlet of the said passage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. A burner for petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon having a central body
serving as a boiler, in which the hydrocarbon, forced in larger or smaller quantity
by the pressure in a compressed-air reservoir is vaporized and from which it flows
under pressure in the state of vapour through small or narrow orifices formed in
the ends of nozzles each of which is directed upwardly, downwardly, or
horizontally, in the axis of a Bunsen passage into which the jet of vapour draws
the surrounding air, which, in being thus drawn in, becomes heated by contact
with the walls of the said passage and also by radiation from the said walls, and
mixes with the spread-out jet of gas, whose combustion is commenced by it and
after having continued to the outlet of the Bunsen passage, is completed either
against plates of refractory material against which the jets impinge, or in the
furnace itself, the burner being in the latter case arranged either vertically in the
said furnace o horizontally and externally thereto, substantially as described and
shown.
2. Burners for petroleum and other liquid hydrocarbon, constructed, arranged,
and operating substantially as herein before described with reference respectively to
and shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3; in Figs. 4 and 5; and Figs. 6, 7, and 8 of the
accompanying drawings.