Improvements in and relating to Furnaces for Heating and Burning Refuse.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Feb.,
1897
Complete Specification Left, 4th Nov., 1897-Accepted, 15th Jan., 1898
Improvements in and relating to Furnaces for Heating and Burning
Refuse.
I, CARL WEGENER, of 14, Gitschiner Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia
and German Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to furnaces for the burning, (heating, carbonizing,
coking, incinerating, producing scoriae, smelting, and so forth), of household
rubbish and other refuse as well as all materials of a like nature, and relates par-
ticularly to such furnaces in which the materials to be treated are supplied
through a perpendicular or sloping channel, whilst the gaseous distillation pro-
ducts evolved in this channel by the influence of the heat of the furnace are led
from the upper part of the said channel or shaft to the front part of the furnace
or front-furnace, in which they are utilized to support the combustion the gases
of which in admixture with the requisite quantity of heated air are introduced
into the refuse destroying furnace proper.
The essential principle of the invention consists therefore in arranging the per-
pendicular or sloping feed shaft for the rubbish in midst of the furnace or giving
such a form to the furnace that the wall of the said shaft will be more or less
completely surrounded by fire gases. By this arrangement the smokelessness and
odourlessness of the apparatus is assured, because a very considerable raising of
the temperature in the refuse destroying furnace is created. Moreover a saving
in the fuel, with which the front furnace is supplied, as for instance generator
gas, water gas, or any other heating gas, is attained by utilizing in the front
furnace the products of dry distillation, which escape from the feed shaft in
quantity and quality more valuable by reason of the enhanced temperature exist-
ing in this shaft. The refuse not only passes from the shaft into the combustion
chamber with an increased temperature, but it has been also already coked to a con-
siderable extent on account of the advanced dry distillation induced by the higher
temperature in the shaft.
A simple method of carrying out the principle of the invention consists in
directing the flue which leads the fire gases from the furnace to the chimney.
firstly upwards at one side of the inclined or perpendicular feeding shaft and
thereupon on the other side thereof downwards so that the hot gases heat the
shaft on both sides.
In another noticeable arrangement the lower wall of the strongly inclined feed
shaft forms at the same time the top wall of the front furnace, and the channel
for the outlet of the fire gases from the refuse burning chamber is carried
immediately over the shaft, so that the feed shaft is heated from below by means

page_text: of the front furnace and from above by means of the furnace outlet.
The connecting tube between the upper
end of the feed shaft and
the front furnace can in this case be very short and may be replaced by
suitable openings in the wall which separates the feed shaft and the front furnace
so as to enable the gaseous distillation products to pass through these openings
out of the feed shaft into the front furnace.
FINAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Furnaces for Heating and Burning
Refuse.
I, CARL WEGENER, of 14, Gitschiner Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia
and German Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to furnaces for the burning (heating, carbonizing,
coking, incinerating, producing scoriae, smelting, and so forth) of household
rubbish and other refuse as well as all materials of a like nature, and relates par-
ticularly to such furnaces in which the materials to be treated are supplied
through a perpendicular or sloping channel, whilst the gaseous distillation pro-
ducts evolved in this channel by the influence of the heat of the furnace are led
from the upper part of the said channel
or shaft to the front part
of the furnace or front-furnace, in which they are utilized to support
the combustion the gases of which in admixture with the requisite quantity
of heated air are introduced into the refuse destroying furnace proper.
The essential principle of the invention consists therefore in arranging the per-
pendicular or sloping feed shaft for the rubbish in midst of the furnace or giving
such a form to the furnace that the wall of the said shaft will be more or less
completely surrounded by fire gases. By this arrangement the smokelessness and
odourlessness of the apparatus is assured, because a very considerable raising of
the temperature in the refuse destroying furnace is created. Moreover a saving
in the fuel, with which the front furnace is supplied, as for instance generator
ras, water gas, or any other heating gas, is attained by utilizing in the front
furnace the products of dry distillation, which escape from the feed shaft in
quantity and quality more valuable by reason of the enhanced temperature exist-
ing in this shaft. The refuse not only passes from the shaft into the combustion
chamber with an increased temperature, but it has been also already coked to a con-
siderable extent on account of the advanced dry distillation induced by the higher
tenperature in the shaft.
A simple method of carrying out the principle of the invention consists in
directing the flue which leads the fire gases from the furnace to the chimney,
firstly upwards at one side of the inclined or perpendicular feeding shaft and
thereupon on the other side thereof downwards so that the hot gases heat the
shaft on both sides.
In another noticeable arrangement the lower wall of the strongly inclined feed
shaft forms at the same time the top wall of the front furnace, and the channel
for the outlet of the fire gases from the refuse burning chamber is carried
immediately over the shaft, so that the feed shaft is heated from below by means

page_text: of the front furnace and from above by means of the furnace outlet.
The connecting tube between the upper end of the feed shaft and
the front furnace can in this case be very short and may be replaced by
suitable openings in the wall which separates the feed shaft and the front furnace.
so as to enable the gaseous distillation products to pass through these openings
out of the feed shaft into the front furnace.
Both arrangements are illustrated in the annexed drawings, the first by Figures 1
to 4, the second by Figures 5 to 7. Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the
furnace. Figure 2 is the plan view, and Figure 3 the front elevation of the same.
Figure 4 shews a detail.
The front furnace is supposed not to be supplied with heating gas and air but
to present a combustion chamber for a mixture of coal dust and air introduced
through the opening a into the said chamber b. The gases of combustion together
with an excess of air flow through the opening c into the refuse burning chamber d.
From the upper end of this chamber a flue e extends upwardly along the partition f
and communicates above the upper end of this partition with a second flue g,
which extends downwardly along the other side of the partition and discharges
into the exit flue h. The exit flue may deliver the gases into a heating apparatus
where their excessive heat is utilised for any purpose, or immediately into the
chimney. The feed shaft is filled up with refuse from a hopper k provided at
its base with a flap 1, see Figure 4, for closing the upper end of the shaft i. This
shaft traverses the space between the upper ends of the flues e and g and'then uses
the central part of the partition f as a component of its wall. By this arrange-
ment the shaft is completely enveloped by the hot gases. The gaseous products
of distillation, which arise in the shaft i, flow down the main m and enter through
the branches and o into the chamber b at both sides of the opening a.
In the
furnace shown two air supply pipes p and q join to the branch pipes n and o
Regulating means may be provided for in both air pipes. It will be understood,
that the said air pipes may be dispensed with and the total quantity of the air
required introduced together with the coal dust through the opening a or an
additional quantity of air introduced through the opening aº or through channels,
which open into the furnace near the opening c. An opening allows the removal
of the ashes.
As to the second arrangement shown in Figures 5 to 7, Fig. 5 is a longitudinal
section, Fig. 6 is the plan view and Fig. 7 is a transverse section. Two hoppers k
and shafts are arranged one aside of the other, the sloping shafts lying directly
above the front-furnace b. A. damper is provided for each hopper and a flap s
beneath each damper allows to overcome obstructions in the sloping shaft. From
the lower end of the twin shaft the refuse drops into the chamber d, which delivers
the hot gases into the upwardly directed flue e. Then the gases ascend up to the
exit flue through the sloping flue g, which lies directly above and embraces from
both sides the twin shaft ii. Short channels m enable the gases to descend from
the upper end of the twin shaft i to the front-furnace b. The furnace described
is shorter than the former and therefore its loss of heat by radiation is less.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A furnace for destroying refuse and the like having an upright or sloping
feed shaft and a communication between the upper end of this shaft and the front-
furnace, in which the hot gases are produced, such furnace being distinguished by
the feed shaft being disposed in midst of the furnace so that its walls are more or
ess completely enveloped by the hot gases, essentially as shown and for the
purpose described.
2. A furnace for destroying refuse and the like as claimed in the first claim,
aving the feed shaft arranged between two flues of opposite direction, essentially
s shown in Figs. 1 to 4.

page_text: 3. A furnace for destroying refuse and the like as claimed in the first claim,
'having the sloping feed shaft arranged above the front furnace and below a flue,
essentially as shown in Figs. 5 to 7.
D
1
Al
1
1007
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents for the Applicant,
London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham.
VILLO
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Patent Agents for the Applicant,
Of London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham.