Improvements in Gas Engines or Engines actuated by the Explosion or Combustion of Mixed Gas or Vapour and Air.
Year: 1885

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 12th day of September 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Improvements in Gas Engines or Engines actuated by the
Explosion or Combustion of Mixed Gas or Vapour and Air.
I GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, N° 4, South
Street, Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a communication from abroad by Guillaume Smyers of
107 Chaussée de Vlemgat, Brussels, in the kingdom of Belgium, Engineer) to be as
follows:-
:-
This invention relates chiefly to improvements in petroleum-vapor motors and
consists in the application to such motors of an atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
for generating the petroleum-vapor, the said apparatus being constructed of a
double chamber in one of which chambers is placed a quantity of small pieces of
copper heated by the second chamber which receives the products of combustion
from the motor for heating the said small pieces of copper or other analogous
substance in order to heat and convert into vapor the petroleum or other hydro-
carbon for the purpose of operating a piston by expansion and deflagration as
hereinafter described.
The invention further consists in the combination of the said apparatus with an
injector formed of a central socket in which is a small tube for injecting petroleum
or other similar product into the apparatus, the small tube being provided in its
interior with a distributing needle, screw threaded at its upper end, its lower end
being pointed for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening at the lower
part of the tube-The said petroleum-vapor is drawn into the combustion chamber
of the piston or pistons of the motor. The said atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
can also be used for preliminarily heating the gas and air employed in ordinary
gas engines.
In carrying out the invention the motor is constructed of a cylinder having a
double jacket in which water circulates for cooling the cylinder; or the cylinder
can be cooled by other suitable means. A piston is mounted on a rod which
actuates the crank-shaft of the motor on which rod is fixed the fly wheel and the
driving pulley.
The explosive mixture is admitted through a valve placed in the cylinder the air
entering freely from below; the gas and the combustible vapors enter the cylinder
through a tube in which is a valve actuated by a governor which allows a quantity
of gas or combustible vapour (the quantity being greater or less according to the
speed of the motor) to enter into the cylinder, on the front part of which is the

page_text: valve, and produces a mixture more or less expansive in the cylinder thus ensuring
an explosion at each stroke of the piston-Instead of this arrangement I sometimes
employ a slide valve.
The ignition is effected by means of a battery connected with an igniter
constructed of a porcelain tube enclosing an insulated platinum wire placed at oue
side of the cylinder. When the current flows, a spark issues between the platinum
and the cylinder and ignites the mixture and actuates the piston. The spark is
produced in the cylinder at the desired moment by means of a cam placed on the
shaft. A suitable arrangement for effecting the ignition is as follows: A battery
is placed on the frame of the motor and sends a current through a Rumkort bobbin
when it is converted into tensional electricity and produces sparks which ignito
the explosive mixture in the cylinder by means of the above described igniter.
The motor which may be a compression motor operates as follows:
The piston draws in air or gas through a valve, and at the same time gas or
combustible vapors are drawn in through another valve the pistou on its return
stroke compresses the mixture and it is at this point that it is ignited by the
spark and the expansion takes place driving forward the piston-In again
returning the piston drives out the products of combustion through a valve
opened by a lever, which is operated by a cam and so on. The lever is formed
nearly straight from its point of contact with the last mentioned valve to its
fulcrum or pivot from which point it is somewhat curved; it is horizontal at its
point of contact with the valve.
It is to be observed that all the valves, except the discharge valves, are self
acting.
The governor is fixed on a shaft which is actuated by a bevel pinion fixed on
the crank shaft of the motor. The herein before described cam is fixed at the end
of the governor shaft and actuates the before mentioned and another lover.
The motor can be used with coal gas or any other gas previously generated, it
merely being necessary to disconnect it from the apparatus, hereinafter described,
which supplies the petroleum vapors and to connect it with a gas supply pipe.
The atomizing and vaporizing apparatus,, which forms the principal feature of
this invention is formed of a jacket or casing of conical form, in the interior of
which is placed a second hollow cone formed somewhat smaller than and of a
different angle from that formed by the jacket or casing, whereby a space is left
all round between the exterior of the inner cone and the interior of the jacket.
A small tube opening into the interior of the small cone supplies the products of
combustion thereto from the motor, which products serve to superheat it after
which they are carried off by a small tube placed at the lower part of the apparatus.
In the space between the two cones are placed small pieces of copper or other
suitable material. When for example petroleum is introduced into the said space
containing the small pieces of copper heated by their contact with the exterior of
the small cone, it will meet with a large heating surface owing to the numerous
openings or spaces left between the pieces of copper, and will become vaporized
after first having been minutely divided on its entering the said space through an
apparatus placed at the upper part of the jacket, and which I will now describe.
This injecting apparatus is inserted in the upper part of the atomizing and
vaporizing apparatus and is formed with a socket having a collar or shoulder for
fixing the same. In its interior is a tube placed vertically and reduced at its
lower end so as to form a nozzle having a small hole. The said tube is provided
throughout its length with a rod or needle pointed at its lower end and having an
up and down movement in the tube for the purpose of varying the extent of the
opening of the hole at the bottom of the said tube. The rod is screw threaded at
its upper part for about a quarter of its length and is provided with a knob for
the purpose of adjustment.
The said tube is placed at the centre of the socket (which forms the casing of
the injecting apparatus) a space being left between the tube and socket. The
socket is provided near its upper end with a washer, provided with holes which

page_text: communicate with similar openings formed in the socket and opening into the said
space. A small tube is adapted to an opening on the cover of the socket and
communicates with the tube.
The operation of the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus is as follows: The
products of combustion from the cylinder of the motor enters the apparatus through
a pipe and pass into the tube in the interior of the small cone and heat the
cone after which the products of combustion are discharged through the small
discharge tube.
At the exhaust stroke of the piston a partial vacuum is produced in the chamber
formed by the space between the cones by reason of the cylinder being connected
with a tube leading into the said chamber, and air immediately enters through the
said holes.
The air in passing with great rapidity by the reduced end of the tube of the
injecting apparatus produces a suction in the said tube; as above described this
tube being in communication with the petroleum vessel petroleum is then drawn
in-The petroleum entering through the tube of the injecting apparatus passes
through the opening at the lower part of the said tube regulated by the rod into
the chamber which is nearly filled with pieces of copper between which it passes,
becomes heated and passes off in a state of vapour through the pipe leading to the
piston and so on for each stroke of the piston-The small cone is by preference
inade of copper.
The operation of the apparatus combined with the motor is as follows:-
The pipe leading to the piston is connected to one of the admission valves placed
in front of the cylinder.
At the exhaust stroke of the piston the air is rarefied in the chamber of the
apparatus by reason of the exhaust, the rarefaction of the air in this chamber
instantaneously produces a draught of air through the holes in the injecting
apparatus as above described and petroleum at the same time is drawn in.
The meeting of the air and petroleum causes the latter to be divided into a
number of small drops which coming in contact with the small pieces of copper are
distilled and superheated owing to the large heating surface afforded by the spaces
between the said small pieces of copper and by their temperature.
The mixture thus heated is always of the same density. The mixture then
passes to the cylinder through the tube leading thereto and forms an explosive
inixture with the air which enters at the same time through its valve, the
proportions being regulated and so on at each exhaust stroke in the cylinder.
The small cone is heated as hereinbefore described by means of the discharge from
the motor which passing through the discharge valve enters the tube leading to
the lower part of the apparatus and into the tube in the small cone.
discharge owing to its high temperature heats the said cone which communicates
its heat to the pieces of copper surrounding it.
This
For starting the motor the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus is first heated
either by a petroleum or gas burner or by causing the motor to work for a short
time with light products of petroleum which do not require heat for their
volatilization.
It is to be observed that the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus always
produces a mixture of the same density as it completely vaporizes the petroleum
drawn into the apparatus at each stroke of the piston which would not be the
case if the whole of the petroleum were vaporized at once. In some cases
I dispense with the pieces of copper or other material placed in the apparatus
for giving large heating surface and the apparatus by increasing its size could be
used empty and its internal shape would be modified for this purpose.
י.
54 1
1005

page_text: Improvements in Gas Engines or Engines Actuated by the
Explosion or Combustion of Mixed Gas-or Combustible Vapour
and Air.
I GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, N° 4 South
Street, Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a_communication from abroad by Guillaume Smyers of
107 Chaussée de Vlegat, Brussels, in the kingdom of Belgium, Engineer) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates chiefly to improvements in petroleum-vapor motors and
consists in the application to such motors of an atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
for generating the petroleum vapor the said apparatus being constructed of a double
chamber in one of which chambers is placed a quantity of copper cuttings or small
pieces of copper heated by the second chamber which receives the products of
combustion from the motor for heating the said small pieces of copper or other
analogous substance in order to heat and convert into vapor the petroleum or other
bydro carbon for the purpose of operating a piston by expansion and deflagration
as hereinafter described.
The invention further consists in the combination of use in the said apparatus with
of an injector formed of a central socket in which is a small tube for injecting
petroleum or other similar product into the apparatus the small tube being provided in
its interior with a distributing needle screw threaded at its upper end its lower end
being pointed for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening at the lower
part of the tube-The said petroleum vapor is drawn into the combustion chamber
by the piston or pistons of the motor. The said atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
can also be used for preliminarily heating the gas and air employed in ordinary
gas engines.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will now proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1, is
an elevation of a motor constructed arranged with atomising and vaporising apparatus
according to this invention; figure 2 is a front view and figure 3 a plan of the same;
figure 4 is a vertical section of the inlet or admission valve of the cylinder; figuro 5
a vertical section of the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus and figure 6 is a vertical
section of the injecting apparatus-Figures 4 and 5 and 6, are drawn to a larger scale
than the other figures, and Fig. 6 to a still larger scale.
In carrying out the invention the motor is constructed with a cylinder A having
a double jacket in which water circulates for cooling the cylinder; or the cylinder
can be cooled by other suitable means. A piston is mounted on a rod D which actuates
the crank shaft D¹ of the motor on which shaft is fixed the fly-wheel G and the driving
pulley N.
The admission of the expansive mixture takes place withont-requiring to be
regulated through a valve situated at K, the air enters freely from below; the gas
and the combustible vapors mixture enters the cylinder at V through a tube Z in
which is a valve actuated by the governor J, which allows a quantity of gas or
combustible vapor (the quantity being greater or less according to the speed of the

page_text: motor) to enter the cylinder K (on at the front part end of which is the valve is
situated) and produces a mixture more or less expansive in the cylinder so as to ensure
an explosion at each stroke of the piston Instead of this arrangement I sometimes
employ a slide valve.
The ignition is effected by means of a battery or other suitable source of
electricity at 0, connected with an igniter F constructed of a porcelain tube
enclosing an insulated platinum wire placed at one side of the cylinder-When the
current flows a spark issues between the platinum and the cylinder and ignites
the mixture and actuates the piston. The spark is produced in the cylinder at
the desired moment by means of a cam G placed on the shaft S. A suitable
arrangement for effecting the ignition is as follows: A battery is placed on the
frame of the motor and sends a current through a Rumikorf bobbin when it is
converted into tensional electricity and produces sparks which ignite the explosive
mixture in the cylinder by means of the above described igniter F.
The motor shewn in the accompanying drawing is a compression motor and its
operation is as follows:
The piston by its charging stroke draws in air or a carburetted gas through the
admission valve K and at the same time gus-or combustible vapors are drawn in
through another valve V; the piston on its return stroke compresses the mixture and
it is at this point that it is ignited by the spark and the expansion takes place driving
forward the piston-ln again returning the piston drives out the products of com-
bustion through a valve R opened by a lever U which is operated by a cam H and so
The lever U is formed nearly straight from its point of contact with the valve R
to its fulcrum or pivot from which point it is somewhat curved; it is horizontal at its
point of contact with the valve.
on.
It is to be observed that all the valves, except the discharge valves, are self-
acting.
The governor J is fixed on a shaft S which is actuated by a bevel pinion fixed
on the crank shaft D'. The cam H is fixed at the end of the shaft S and actuates
the levers U and U¹.
The motor can be used with coal gas or any other gas previously generated it
merely being necessary to disconnect it from the apparatus hereinafter described
which supplies the petroleum vapors and to connect it with a gas supply pipe-Z.
The atomizing and vaporizing apparatus which forms the principal feature of
this invention is shewn at T, figures 1, 2, and 3 of the drawing and in vertical
section drawn to a larger scale at figure 5; it is formed of a jacket or casing of
conical form A in the interior of which is placed a second hollow cone B formed
somewhat sinaller than and of a different angle from that formed by the jacket or
casing A whereby a space is left all round between the exterior of the cone B and
the interior of the jacket A as shown at L. A small tube opening into the interior
of the small cone B conveys the products of combustion thereto from the motor
which products serve to superheat it after which they are carried off by a small
tube placed at the lower part of the apparatus. In the space L between the
two cones A and B are placed small pieces of copper or other suitable material.
When for example petroleum is introduced into the space L containing the small
pieces of copper heated by their contact with the exterior of the cone B it will
meet with a large heating surface owing to the numerous openings or spaces left
between the pieces of copper and will become vaporized after first having been
minutely divided on its entering the said space L through an apparatus placed at
the upper part of the jacket A and which I will now describe.
This injecting apparatus Fa vertical section of which is shewn to an enlarged scale
at figure is inserted in the upper part of the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus T
and is formed with a socket having a collar or shoulder for fixing the same.
In its
interior is a tube M placed vertically and reduced at its lower end so as to form a.
nozzle having a small bole. The said tube M is provided throughout its length
with a rod or needle J" pointed at its lower end and having an up and down
movement in the tube for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening of the

page_text: hole at the bottom of the tube M. This rod J" is screw threaded at its upper part
for about a quarter of its length and is provided with a knob G for the purpose of
adjustment.
'
The said tube M is placed at the centre of the socket R (which forms the casing
of the injecting apparatus F) a space N being left between the tube and socket.
The socket R is provided near its upper end with a washer I, provided with holes O
which communicate with similar openings formed in the socket and opening into
the said space N. A small tube H is adapted to an opening in the cover of the
socket and communicates with the tube M. This small tube H is the same as that
shewn in figure 2 marked J¹ leading from the vessel Q.
The operation of the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus is as follows: The
products of combustion from the cylinder of the motor enter the apparatus through
a pipe figure 2 and pass into the tube in the interior of the sinall cone B and
heat the cone after which the products of combustion are discharged through the
small discharge tube E.
At the exhaust charging stroke of the piston a partial vacuum is produced in the
chamber L (formed by the space between the cones) by reason of the cylinder
being connected with a tube Z (marked D in figure 5) and air immediately enters
through the said holes 00. The air passing with great rapidity by the reduced
end of the tube M produces a suction in the said tube; as above described this tube
being in communication with the petroleum vessel through H figure 5 (J' figure 2)
petroleum in is then drawn in.
The petroleum entering through the tube N of the injecting apparatus passes
through the opening at the lower part of the said tube M regulated by the rod J
and is injected into the chamber L, which is nearly filled with pieces of copper
between which it passes, becomes heated and passes off in a state of vapor through
the pipe D to the piston and so on for each stroke of the piston-The small cone B
is by preference made of copper.
The operation of the apparatus combined with the motor is as follows:
The pipe Z is connected to the admission valve V placed in front of the
cylinder.
At the exhaust charging stroke of the piston the air is rarefied in the chamber A
of the apparatus by reason of the exhaust: the rarefaction of the air in this chamber
instantaneously produces a draught of air through the holes O as above described,
and petroleum at the same time is drawn in.
The meeting of the air and petroleum causes the latter to be divided into a
number of small drops which coming in contact with the small pieces of copper are
distilled and superheated owing to the large heating surface afforded by the spaces
between the said small pieces of copper and by their temperature.
The mixture thus heated is always of the same density. The mixture then
passes to the cylinder through the tube D and Z leading thereto and forms an
explosive mixture with the air which enters at the same time through the valve K the
proportions being regulated, and so on at each exhaust of the cylinder charging
stroke. The small cone B is heated as hereinbefore described by means of the
discharge from the motor which passing through the discharge valve R (figure 2)
enters and the tube X, passes through d, at the lower part of the apparatus and passes
into the tube C of the cone B. This discharge owing to its high temperature heats
the said cone which communicates its heat to the pieces of copper surrounding it.
For starting the motor the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus T is first heated
either by a petroleum burner or a gas burner or by causing the motor to work for
a short time with light products of petroleum which do not require heat for their
volatilization.
It is to be observed that the atomizing and vapourizing apparatus always produces
a mixture of the same density as it completely vaporizes the petroleum drawn into
the apparatus at each stroke of the piston which would not be the case if the whole
of the petroleum were vaporized at once. In some cases I dispense with the pieces
of copper or other material placed in the apparatus for giving large heating surface

page_text: and the apparatus by increasing its size could be used empty and its internal shape
would be modified for this purpose.
my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I make
no claim to the construction of motor engine described nor to its use as a gas motor engine,
but what I claim is :
1. The construction of and use with a motor of the kind above described of an
apparatus for generating petroleum vapor such apparatus consisting of a combined
atomizer and vaporizer forming a double receiver one of these receivers serves to
receive a quantity of small pieces of copper heated by the second receiver serving
to receive the products of combustion from the motor which are passed that way
for the purpose of heating the said small pieces of copper or other analogous metal
or substance and thereby cause them to heat and convert into vapor the petroleum
or other similar product for actuating a piston by expansion and deflagration
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. The combination of use in the said atomizing apparatus with of an injector
formed of a central socket in which is a small tube parallel thereto for injecting
petroleum or other similar product into the said apparatus the said small tube being
provided in its interior with a distributing needle screw threaded at its upper end the
lower end being pointed for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening at the
lower part of the said tube substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
3. The use and combination with the said atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
and its injector for generating vapor from petroleum the said vapor being drawn
into an explosion chamber of a piston or pistons of a petroleum or other hydro-
earbon motor substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
4. The combination of the hereinbefore described petroleum motor with an
atomizing and reperizing apparatus constructed and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
G. F. REDFERN.

page_text: Improvements in Gas Engines or Engines Actuated by the
Explosion or Combustion of Mixed Gas or Vapour and Air.
1 GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, N° 4, South
Street, Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a communication from abroad by Guillaume Smyers of
107 Chaussée de Vlemgat, Brussels, in the kingdom of Belgium, Engineer) to be as
follows:-
This invention relates chiefly to improvements in petroleum-vapor motors and
consists in the application to such motors of an atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
for generating the petroleum-vapor, the said apparatus being constructed of a
double chamber in one of which chambers is placed a quantity of small pieces of
copper heated by the second chamber which receives the products of combustion
froin the motor for heating the said small pieces of copper or other analogous
substance in order to heat and convert into vapor the petroleum or other hydro-
carbon for the purpose of operating a piston by expansion and deflagration as
hereinafter described.
The invention further consists in the combination of the said apparatus with an
injector foruied of a central socket in which is a small tube for injecting petroleum
or other similar product into the apparatus, the small tube being provided in its
interior with a distributing needle, screw threaded at its upper end, its lower eud
being pointed for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening at the lower
part of the tube-The said petroleum-vapor is drawn into the combustion chamber
of the piston or pistons of the motor. The said atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
can also be used for preliminarily heating the gas and air employed in ordinary
gas engines.
In carrying out the invention the motor is constructed of a cylinder having a
double jacket in which water circulates for cooling the cylinder; or the cylinder
can be cooled by other suitable means. A piston is mounted on a rod which
actuates the crank-shaft of the motor on which rod is fixed the fly wheel and the
driving pulley.
The explosive mixture is admitted through a valve placed in the cylinder the air
entering freely from below; the gas and the combustible vapors enter the cylinder
through a tube in which is a valve actuated by a governor which allows a quantity
of gas or combustible vapour (the quantity being greater or less according to the
speed of the motor) to enter into the cylinder, on the front part of which is the
valve, and produces a mixture more or less expansive in the cylinder thus ensuring
an explosion at each stroke of the piston-Instead of this arrangement I sometimes
employ a slide valve..

page_text: The ignition is effected by means of a battery connected with an igniter
constructed of a porcelain tube enclosing an insulated platinum wire placed at one
side of the cylinder. When the current flows, a spark issues between the platinum
and the cylinder and ignites the mixture and actuates the piston. The spark is
produced in the cylinder at the desired moment by means of a cam placed on the
shaft. A suitable arrangement for effecting the ignition is as follows: A battery
is placed on the frame of the motor and sends a current through a Rumkorf bobbin
when it is converted into tensional electricity and produces sparks which ignite
the explosive mixture in the cylinder by means of the above described igniter.
The motor which may be a compression motor operates as follows:
The piston draws in air or gas through a valve, and at the same time gas or
combustible vapors are drawn in through another valve; the piston on its return
stroke compresses the mixture and it is at this point that it is ignited by the
spark and the expansion takes place driving forward the piston-In again
returning the piston drives out the products of combustion through a valve
opened by a lever, which is operated by a cam and so on. The lever is formed
nearly straight from its point of contact with the last mentioned valve to its
fulcrum or pivot from which point it is somewhat curved; it is horizontal at its
point of contact with the valve.
It is to be observed that all the valves, except the discharge valves, are self
acting.
The governor is fixed on a shaft which is actuated by a bevel pinion fixed on
the crank shaft of the motor. The hereinbefore described cam is fixed at the end
of the governor shaft and actuates the before mentioned and another lever.
The motor can be used with coal gas or any other gas previously generated, it
merely being necessary to disconnect it from the apparatus, hereinafter described,
which supplies the petroleum vapors and to connect it with a gas supply pipe.
The atomizing and vaporizing apparatus, which forms the principal feature of
this invention is formed of a jacket or casing of conical form, in the interior of
which is placed a second hollow cone formed somewhat smaller than and of a
different angle from that formed by the jacket or casing, whereby a space is left
all round between the exterior of the inner cone and the interior of the jacket.
A small tube opening into the interior of the small cone supplies the products of
combustion thereto from the motor, which products serve to superheat it after
which they are carried off by a small tube placed at the lower part of the apparatus.
In the space between the two cones are placed small pieces of copper or other
suitable material.-When for example petroleum is introduced into the said space
containing the small pieces of copper heated by their contact with the exterior of
the small cone, it will meet with a large heating surface owing to the numerous
openings or spaces left between the pieces of copper, and will become vaporized
after first having been minutely divided on its entering the said space through an
apparatus placed at the upper part of the jacket, and which I will now describe.
This injecting apparatus is inserted in the upper part of the atomizing and
vaporizing apparatus and is formed with a socket having a collar or shoulder for
fixing the same. In its interior is a tube placed vertically and reduced at its
lower end so as to form a nozzle having a small hole. The said tube is provided
throughout its length with a rod or needle pointed at its lower end and having an
up and down movement in the tube for the purpose of varying the extent of the
opening of the hole at the bottom of the said tube. The rod is screw threaded at
its upper part for about a quarter of its length and is provided with a knob for 5
the purpose of adjustment.
The said tube is placed at the centre of the socket (which forins the casing of
the injecting apparatus) a space being left between the tube and socket. The
socket is provided near its upper end with a washer, provided with holes which
communicate with similar openings formed in the socket and opening into the said 5
врасе. A small tube is adapted to an opening on the cover of the socket and
communicates with the tube.

page_text: The operation of the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus is as follows: The
products of combustion from the cylinder of the motor enter the apparatus through
a pipe and pass into the tube in the interior of the small cone and heat the
cone after which the products of combustion are discharged through the small
discharge tube.
At the exhaust stroke of the piston a partial vacuum is produced in the chamber
formed by the space between the cones by reason of the cylinder being connected
with a tube leading into the said chamber, and air immediately enters through the
said holes.
The air in passing with great rapidity by the reduced end of the tube of the
injecting apparatus produces a suction in the said tube; as above described this
tube being in communication with the petroleum vessel petroleum is then drawn
in-The petroleum entering through the tube of the injecting apparatus passes
through the opening at the lower part of the said tube regulated by the rod into
the chamber which is nearly filled with pieces of copper between which it passes,
becomes heated and passes off in a state of vapour through the pipe leading to the
piston and so on for each stroke of the piston-The small cone is by preference
made of copper.
The operation of the apparatus combined with the motor is as follows:-
The pipe leading to the piston is connected to one of the admission valves placed
in front of the cylinder. "
At the exhaust stroke of the piston the air is rarefied in the chamber of the
apparatus by reason of the exhaust, the rarefaction of the air in this chamber
instantaneously produces a draught of air through the holes in the injecting
apparatus as above described and petroleum at the same time is drawn in.
The meeting of the air and petroleum causes the latter to be divided into a
number of small drops which coming in contact with the small pieces of copper are
distilled and superheated owing to the large heating surface afforded by the spaces
between the said small pieces of copper and by their temperature.
The mixture thus heated is always of the same density. The mixture then
passes to the cylinder through the tube leading thereto and forms an explosive
mixture with the air which enters at the same time through its valve, the
proportions being regulated and so on at each exhaust stroke in the cylinder.
The small cone is heated as herein before described by means of the discharge from
the motor which passing through the discharge valve enters the tube leading to
the lower part of the apparatus and into the tube in the small cone. This
discharge owing to its high temperature heats the said cone which communicates
its heat to the pieces of copper surrounding it.
For starting the motor the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus is first heated
either by a petroleum or gas burner or by causing the motor to work for a short
time with light products of petroleum which do not require heat for their
volatilization.
It is to be observed that the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus always
produces a mixture of the same density as it completely vaporizes the petroleum
drawn into the apparatus at each stroke of the piston which would not be the
case if the whole of the petroleum were vaporized at once. In some cases
I dispense with the pieces of copper or other material placed in the apparatus
for giving large heating surface and the apparatus by increasing its size could be
used empty and its internal shape would be modified for this purpose.
Tod and Cantabr 20Or

page_text: Improvements
11
BESLERS
Explosion or Combustion of Mixed Gas or Vapour and Air.
I GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, No 4 South
Street, Finsbury, in the county of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention (a communication from abroad. by Guillaume Smyers of
107 Chaussée de Vlemgat, Brussels, in the kingdon of Belgium, Engineer) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
.
This invention relates chiefly to improvements in petroleum-vapor motors and
consists in the application to such motors of an atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
for generating the petroleum vapor the said apparatus being constructed of a double
chamber in one of which chambers is placed a quantity of copper cuttings or small
pieces of copper heated by the second chamber which receives the products of
combustion from the motor for heating the said small pieces of copper or other
analogous substance in order to heat and convert into vapor the petroleum or other
hydro carbon for the purpose of operating a piston by expansion and deflagration
as bereinafter described.
The invention further consists in the combination of the said apparatus with an
injector formed of a central socket in which is a small tube for injecting petroleum
or other similar product into the apparatus the small tube being provided in its
interior with a distributing needle screw threaded at its upper end its lower end
being pointed for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening at the lower
part of the tube-The said petroleum vapor is drawn into the combustion chamber
by the piston or pistons of the motor The said atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
can also be used for preliminarily beating the gas and air employed in ordinary
gas engines.
In order to enable the invention to be fully understood I will now proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1, is
an elevation of a motor constructed according to this invention; figure 2 is a front
view and figure 3 a plan of the same; figure 4 is a vertical section of the inlet or
admission valve of the cylinder; figure 5 a vertical section of the atomizing and
vaporizing apparatus and figure 6 is a vertical section of the injecting apparatus-
Figures 4, 5 and 6, are drawn to a larger scale than the other figures.
In carrying out the invention the motor is constructed with a cylinder A having
a double jacket in which water circulates for cooling the cylinder; or the cylinder
can be cooled by other suitable means. A piston is mounted on a rod D which
actuates the crank shaft D¹ of the motor on which shaft is fixed the fly-wheel G
and the driving pulley N.
The admission of the expansive mixture takes place without requiring to be
regulated through a valve situated at K, the air enters freely from below; the gas
and the combustible vapors enter the cylinder at V through a tube Z in which is a
valve actuated by the governor J, which allows a quantity of gas or combustible
vapor (the quantity being greater or less according to the speed of the motor) to

page_text: enter the cylinder K on the front part of which is the valve, and produces a
mixture more or less expansive in the cylinder so as to ensure an explosion at
each stroke of the piston-Instead of this arrangement I sometimes employ a
slide valve.
The ignition is effected by means of a battery or other suitable source of
electricity at O, connected with an igniter F¹ constructed of a porcelain tube
enclosing an insulated platinum wire placed at one side of the cylinder-When the
current flows a spark issues between the platinum and the cylinder and ignites
the mixture and actuates the piston. The spark is produced in the cylinder at
the desired moment by means of a cam G¹ placed on the shaft S. A suitable
arrangement for effecting the ignition is as follows: A battery O is placed on the
frame of the motor and sends a current through a Rumkorf bobbin when it is
converted into tensional electricity and produces sparks which ignite the explosive
mixture in the cylinder by means of the above described igniter F.
The motor shewn in the accompanying drawing is a compression motor and its
operation is as follows:
The piston draws in air or a carburetted gas through the admission valve K and
at the same time gas or combustible vapors are drawn in through another valve V;
the piston on its return stroke compresses the mixture and it is at this point that
it is ignited by the spark and the expansion takes place driving forward the
piston In again returning the piston drives out the products of combustion
through a valve R opened by a lever U which is operated by a cam H and so on.
The lever U is formed nearly straight from its point of contact with the valve R
to its fulcrum or pivot from which point it is somewhat curved; it is horizontal at
its point of contact with the valve.
It is to be observed that all the valves, except the discharge valves, are self-
acting.
The governor J is fixed on a shaft S which is actuated by a bevel pinion fixed
on the crank shaft D'. The cam H is fixed at the end of the shaft S and actuates
the levers U and U¹.
The motor can be used with coal gas or any other gas previously generated it
merely being necessary to disconnect it from the apparatus hereinafter described
which supplies the petroleum vapors and to connect it with a gas supply pipe Z.
The atomizing and vaporizing apparatus which forms the principal feature of
this invention is shewn at T, figures 1, 2, and 3 of the drawing and in vertical
section drawn to a larger scale at figure 5; it is formed of a jacket or casing of
conical form A in the interior of which is placed a second hollow cone B formed
somewhat smaller than and of a different angle from that formed by the jacket or
casing A whereby a space is left all round between the exterior of the cone B and
the interior of the jacket A shewn at L. A small tube Û opening into the interior
of the small cone B conveys the products of combustion thereto from the motor
which products serve to superheat it after which they are carried off by a small
tube E placed at the lower part of the apparatus. In the space L between the
two cones A and B are placed small pieces of copper or other suitable material.
When for example petroleum is introduced into the space L containing the small
pieces of copper heated by their contact with the exterior of the cone B it will
meet with a large heating surface owing to the numerous openings or spaces left
between the pieces of copper and will become vaporized after first having been
minutely divided on its entering the said space L through an apparatus placed at
the upper part of the jacket A and which I will now describe.
This injecting apparatus Fa vertical section of which is shewn at figure 6 is
inserted in the upper part of the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus T and is
formed with a socket having a collar or shoulder for fixing the same. In its
interior is a tube M placed vertically and reduced at its lower end so as to form a
nozzle having a small hole. The said tube M is provided throughout its length
with a rod or needle J pointed at its lower end and having an up and down
movement in the tube for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening of the

page_text: hole at the bottom of the tube M. This rod J is screw threaded at its upper part
for about a quarter of its length and is provided with a knob G for the purpose of
adjustment.
The said tube M is placed at the centre of the socket R (which forms the casing
of the injecting apparatus F) a space N being left between the tube and socket.
The socket R is provided near its upper end with a washer I, provided with holes O
which communicate with similar openings formed in the socket and opening into
the said space N. A small tube H is adapted to an opening in the cover of the
socket and communicates with the tube M. This small tube H is the same as that
shewn in figure 2 marked J¹ leading from the vessel Q.
The operation of the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus is as follows: The
products of combustion from the cylinder of the motor enter the apparatus through
a pipe X figure 2 and pass into the tube C in the interior of the small cone B and
heat the cone after which the products of combustion are discharged through the
small discharge tube E.
.At the exhaust stroke of the piston a partial vacuum is produced in the
chamber L (formed by the space between the cones) by reason of the cylinder
being connected with a tube Z (marked D in figure 5) and air immediately enters
through the said holes OO. The air passing with great rapidity by the reduced
end of the tube M produces a suction in the said tube; as above described this tube
being in communication with the petroleum vessel through H figure 5 (J-figure 2)
petroleum in then drawn in.
The petroleum entering through the tube N of the injecting apparatus passes
through the opening at the lower part of the said tube M regulated by the rod J
and is injected into the chamber L, which is nearly filled with pieces of copper
between which it passes, becomes heated and passes off in a state of vapor through
the pipe D to the piston and so on for each stroke of the piston-The small cone B
is by preference made of copper.
.
The operation of the apparatus combined with the motor is as follows:
The pipe D is connected to the admission valve V placed in front of the
cylinder.
At the exhaust stroke of the piston the air is rarefied in the chamber A of the
apparatus by reason of the exhaust; the rarefaction of the air in this chamber
instantaneously produces a draught of air through the holes O as above described,
and petroleum at the same time is drawn in.
The meeting of the air and petroleum causes the latter to be divided into a
number of small drops which coming in contact with the small pieces of copper are
distilled and superheated owing to the large heating surface afforded by the spaces
between the said small pieces of copper and by their temperature.
The mixture thus heated is always of the same density. The mixture then
passes to the cylinder through the tube D leading thereto and forms an explosive
mixture with the air which enters at the same time through the valve K the pro-
portions being regulated, and so on at each exhaust of the cylinder. The small
cone B is heated as herein before described by means of the discharge froin the
motor which passing through the discharge valve R (figure 2) enters the tube X,
passes through d, at the lower part of the apparatus and passes into the tube C of
the cone B. This discharge owing to its high temperature heats the said cone which
communicates its heat to the pieces of copper surrounding it.
For starting the motor the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus T is first heated
either by a petroleum burner or a gas burner or by causing the motor to work for
a short time with light products of petroleum which do not require heat for their
volatilization.
It is to be observed that the atomizing and vaporizing apparatus always produces
a mixture of the same density as it completely vaporizes the petroleum drawn into
the apparatus at each stroke of the piston which would not be the case if the whole
of the petroleum were vaporized at once.-In some cases I dispense with the pieces
of copper or other material placed in the apparatus for giving large heating surface

page_text: and the apparatus by increasing its size could be used empty and its internal shape
would be modified for this purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The construction of and use with a motor of the kind above described of an
apparatus for generating petroleum vapor such apparatus consisting of a combined
atomizer and vaporizer forming a double receiver one of these receivers serves to
receive a quantity of small pieces of copper heated by the second receiver serving
to receive the products of combustion from the motor which are passed that way
for the purpose of heating the said small pieces of copper or other analogous metal
or substance and thereby cause them to heat and convert into vapor the petroleum
or other similar product for actuating a piston by expansion and deflagration
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawing,
2. The combination of the said atomizing apparatus with an injector formed of a
ceutral socket in which is small tube parallel thereto for injecting petroleum or
other similar product into the said apparatus the said small tube being provided in
its interior with a distributing needle screw threaded at its upper ond the lower
end being pointed for the purpose of varying the extent of the opening at the
lower part of the said tube substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawing.
3. The use and combination with the said atomizing and vaporizing apparatus
and its injector for generating vapor from petroleum the said vapor being drawn
into an explosion chamber of a piston or pistons of a petroleum or other hydro-
carbon motor substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
4. The combination of the herein before described petroleum motor with an
atomizing and vaporizing apparatus constructed and operating substantially as
herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 21st day of June 19se
G. F. REDFERN.