or Hose to Metal Unions or Pipe Couplings.
Year: 1885

page_text: or Hose to Metal Unions or Pipe Couplings.
I, JOSEPH HENRY WILD of Oak House, Meanwood Road, Leeds in the County
of York, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVED
MEANS FOR ATTACHING INDIA RUBBER AND OTHER PIPES OR HOSE TO METAL
UNIONS OR PIPE COUPLINGS, to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is to provide new and improved means for
attaching flexible pipes and more particularly india rubber tubing of ordinary
construction to fixed metal pipes or nozzles in connection with air, gas, steam or
water suction and delivery apparatus or for uniting together two or more lengths
of ordinary rubber pipe or flexible hose.
Hitherto in attaching rubber pipes and hose to metal pipes, unions or fixed
orifices for various purposes it has been customary to roughen groove or serrate a
portion of the metal coupling pipe or nozzle and having inserted that portion in
the end of the flexible pipe or hose to bind the said hose thereon by wire or cord
or to clamp it thereon by a divided metal strap or straps drawn tightly together
by a screw or screws.
Or else the flexible pipe has been made with an end of special form and the
metal union has been correspondingly shaped and constructed to engage therewith
by partly rotating or twisting the parts in contact with the flexible pipe.
Under the former of these systems the. flexible pipe is liable to become damaged
and weakened by the roughening or serration of that part of the coupling upon
which it is bound or clamped especially when the pipe is subjected to a tensile
strain, while the latter system is not suitable for use with any but rubber pipes of
small diameter and would not be efficient under high pressures.
Now by my invention I am able to entirely dispense with the use of wire or
cord or roughened serrated or grooved surfaces for the purpose of attaching the
rubber pipe to the coupling pipe or nozzle and I do not require that the rubber or
other flexible pipe should be specially shaped at its end or ends. Moreover by my
invention no rotation or twisting of the metal surfaces in contact with the rubber
is necessary and hence it is adapted for use with rubber pipes and flexible hose of
large size.
My improved hose or pipe coupling consists of a smooth tapering metal nozzle
adapted to be inserted within the end of the pipe or tube which it is desired to

page_text: attach, and of a ring adapted to surround the said pipe and having its inner
periphery or surface bevelled or coned to correspond with the said tapering nozzle
means being provided for drawing together the two parts without twisting them
and thereby firmly compressing and gripping the end of the flexible pipe all
around between two smooth tapering or coned surfaces without cutting, twisting
dragging or damaging the said pipe.
A hollow cylindrical block having two such tapering nozzles may be used in
combination with a pair of coned gripping rings each adapted to be drawn or
forced upon their respective tapering nozzles without twisting by any suitable
means for firmly connecting together two lengths of flexible pipe or hose.
The block carrying the tapering nozzle or nozzles may be screw threaded and
the coned gripping rings may be forced or drawn thereon by a threaded collar or
nut, engaging with the nozzle or with another part of the metal coupling or union,
or each gripping ring may be provided with lugs or flanges pierced with eyes or
holes and be drawn together and onto its respective tapering nozzle by screw bolts
and nuts, or the gripping rings may be threaded right and left handed respectively
and be drawn onto the tapering nozzles simultaneously by a correspondingly screw
threaded collar engaging with both gripping rings or cones. These coned gripping
rings may be integral or formed of segmental pieces or have cuts made therein but
I prefer to use them entire.
It will thus be understood that my invention relates to the attachment of a
rubber hose or flexible pipe to or upon a metal coupling or onto a fixed metal
pipe, and does not refer to the construction of interlocking metal couplings for
pipes or hose to which couplings or the parts thereof the said pipes or hose are
intended to be attached by binding with wire or by straps.
My invention is applicable for securely attaching ordinary rubber pipes to fixed
metal pipes or apparatus of whatever kind by which fluids are circulated especially
when used under pressure as well as for connecting together two or more lengths
of flexible pipe or hose. One great advantage of this mode of attaching flexible
pipes to metal pipes, couplings and nozzles is that it does not reduce the area
of the passage at the point of attachment and the coned clamping surfaces are
drawn together upon the rubber or other pipe without rotating either of the
clamping surfaces upon the rubber or flexible pipe.
It is anticipated that. this improved -method of attaching lengths of pipe or
attaching a length of pipe to a metal coupling or to a metal pipe or a fixed nozzle
may be used for pipes made of soft metal such as lead the ends of which pipes can
be spread or forced open by the smooth tapering nozzle for a sufficient distance to
allow of the coned gripping ring compressing a sufficient surface of the pipe against
the said nozzle.
When the india rubber or other flexible pipe has been thus attached to a nozzle
forming part of a metal coupling or pipe the said metal coupling or pipe may be
coupled or connected in any well known manner to another metal pipe or part of
an apparatus of any kind.

page_text: Hose to Metal Unions or Pipe Couplings.
I JOSEPH HENRY WILD of Oak House, Meanwood Road, Leeds in the County
of York, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of the present invention is to provide new and improved means for:
attaching non-metallic flexible pipes, and more particularly india rubber tubing of
ordinary construction, to fixed metal pipes or nozzles in connection with air, gas,
steam or water suction and delivery apparatus, or for uniting together two or more:
lengths of ordinary rubber pipe or flexible hose.
Hitherto, in attaching rubber pipes and hose to metal pipes, unions, or the orifices;
of fixed tubes for various purposes, it has been customary to roughen, groove, or
serrate a portion of the metal coupling pipe or nozzle, and having inserted that
portion in the end of the flexible pipe or hose, to bind the said hose thereon by wire
or cord, or to clamp it thereon by a divided metal strap or straps drawn tightly
together by a screw or screws.
Or else the flexible pipe has been made with an end of special form, and the
metal union has been correspondingly shaped and constructed to engage therewith,
by partly rotating or twisting the metal surfaces in contact with the flexible pipe.
Under the former of these systems, the flexible pipe is liable to become damaged
and weakened, or cut through, by the roughening or serration of that part of the
coupling upon which it is bound or clamped; especially when the pipe is subjected
to a tensile strain, while the latter system is not suitable for use with any but
rubber pipes of small diameter, and would not be efficient under high pressures.
Now by my invention I am able to entirely dispense with the use of wire or cord.
or roughened serrated or grooved surfaces in contact with the mouth of the rubber
or flexible pipe for the purpose of attaching it to the metal coupling, pipe, or nozzle,
and I do not require that the rubber or other flexible pipe should be previously
specially shaped or opened at its end or ends.
Moreover, by my invention no rotation or twisting of the metal surfaces in contact
with the rubber is necessary, and hence it is adapted for use with rubber pipes and,
flexible hose of large size, which would present an enormous frictional resistance to:
the rotation of metal surfaces in contact therewith.
My improved hose or pipe coupling consists of a smooth tapering metal nozzle
adapted to be inserted within the end of the pipe or tube which it is desired to
attach, and of a ring adapted to surround the said pipe and having its inner
periphery or surface perfectly smooth and bevelled or coned to correspond with the-
said smooth surfaced tapering nozzle, means being provided for drawing together
the two parts without twisting them, and thereby firmly compressing and gripping.
the end of the flexible pipe all around between two smooth tapering, or coned
surfaces, without cutting, twisting, dragging, or damaging the said pipe, and for
retaining the said parts in their gripping position.

page_text: A hollow cylindrical block having two such smooth tapering nozzles may be used
in combination with a pair of smooth coned gripping rings, each adapted to be
drawn or forced upon their respective tapering nozzles without twisting, by any
suitable means, for firmly connecting together two lengths of flexible pipe or hose.
The block carrying the smooth tapering nozzle or nozzles may be screw threaded,
and the coned gripping rings may be forced or drawn thereon by a threaded collar
or nut, engaging with the nozzle, or with another part of the metal coupling or union;
or each gripping ring may be provided with lugs or flanges pierced with eyes or holes,
and be drawn together and onto its respective tapering nozzle by screw bolts and
nuts; or the gripping rings may be threaded right and left handed respectively, and
be drawn onto the tapering nozzles simultaneously by a correspondingly screw
threaded collar engaging with both gripping rings or cones. These smooth coned
gripping rings may be integral, or formed of segmental pieces, or have cuts made
longitudinally therein to give a certain amount of elasticity, but I prefer to use
them entire.
In the accompanying Drawings I have illustrated my invention as applied to
various purposes and under various conditions.
Fig. 1 shows in longitudinal section my improved pipe coupling or gripping
device, as applied to connect an ordinary rubber or other flexible hose with a fixed
metal pipe.
Fig. 2 is a corresponding view of the coupling or gripping device as applied to a
flexible pipe conveying steam or other fluid under high pressures; with provision
for disconnecting the hose from the fixed steam or other pipe.
Fig. 3 shows my improved coupling or gripping device in longitudinal section as
applied to fire hoses or long lengths of flexible piping requiring quick attachment
or disconnection.
Fig. 4 illustrates a permanent coupling constructed according to my invention
for uniting two lengths of flexible tubing.
Fig. 5 is the same as Fig. 1, the means for drawing together the gripping parts
being slightly modified in arrangement; and
Fig. 6 illustrates in side view, partly in section, the invention as preferably
adapted to pipes of large diameter.
In all these Figures the same letters of reference indicate like or corresponding
parts.
A is a smooth surfaced externally tapering metal nozzle of a bore preferably
equal to that of the flexible pipe or hose B which is to be fixed upon it, and by
reason of its gradual taper and smooth surface, this nozzle A. can be readily inserted
in the end of the flexible pipe or hose, and will expand or distend the end of the
said pipe or hose B without injuring it.
C is a ring having its inner surface or periphery perfectly smooth, and bevelled
or coned at an angle corresponding to that of the tapering nozzle A, but of rather
larger diameter.
The end of the pipe B is passed through this ring C before being opened or
spread by the insertion of the tapering nozzle A, and the ring C is then drawn
directly upon and towards the nozzle A by a collar D provided with a flange d and
a screw thread d¹.
d
The flange & may engage with a shoulder a on the nozzle A or on the ring C,
and the screw thread on the collar D may engage with a thread cut on the ring C,
or with a thread cut on the nozzle A, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5, the result in
each case being the same, viz:-that the parts A and C are forcibly drawn together
without twisting either them or the flexible pipe B, and the end of the said pipe is
firmly gripped all around between two smooth coned or tapering metal surfaces, which
are retained in their gripping position by the surrounding collar D or its equivalent.
In Figs. 1 and 5, the lapper nozzle A is shown as permanently screwed to the
end of a fixed metal pipe E, and this is a convenient arrangement for ordinary
purposes. It is obvious however that when the collar D or its equivalent which

page_text: holds together the two parts A and C is unscrewed, one or more of the parts,
becoming completely separated from, or loose upon the pipe B, is liable to be lost.
In cases, therefore, where disconnection of the hose from the fixed pipe E is
required at times, I form the rear end of the nozzle A as shewn in Fig. 2, uniting
it by a second collar A¹ with a piece of metal or casting on the end of pipe E.
I would remark, however, that I make no claim whatever for this method of
detachably connecting a metal nozzle with a fixed pipe.
It is here shown merely for the purpose of explaining how the parts A and C
(gripping between them the end of the flexible pipe B) can be attached or detached,
as a whole, from a fixed metal pipe, and that when so detached, the parts A and C
will be still firmly connected with the end of the pipe B, while the collar A' will
remain in place upon the casting or nozzle on the fixed pipe E, and thus there will
be no loose pieces to be mislaid or lost.
In Fig. 3 the arrangement of tapering nozzle A, internally coned ring C, and
collar D, or its equivalent, is duplicated, and forms a convenient method of uniting
two or more lengths of flexible hose pipe, such as is used for extinguishing fires.
In this case the inner ends or surfaces of the tapering nozzles A. A are accurately
turned to form a water tight joint, and are held together by the collar A.
In this case, also, I would remark that my invention relates not to the means
or manner of temporarily uniting together the tapering nozzles A A, but to the
means for securing in place the ends of the flexible pipes B B upon the metal
nozzles A. A.
To disconnect the pipes B B (without relaxing the grip of the parts A and C on
the ends of the pipes B B respectively), it is only necessary to unscrew the threaded
flanged collar A, and a separation will be made along the dotted line x y.
In cases where frequent connections and disconnections are not required to be
made, I arrange my coupling or gripping device as shown in Fig. 4-In this
arrangement there are two tapering nozzles A A formed in a single piece of metal
or casting, and the end of each pipe B B is distended or spread by one or the other
of the said nozzles respectively.
The internally coned rings C C are drawn together upon their respective tapering
nozzles A A by a common threaded collar D, and compress or grip the end of each
pipe firmly all around between two smooth tapering or conical surfaces, precisely
as shown in the preceding examples.
I have already explained the arrangement shown in Fig. 5, which merely shows
a slight variation in the form of the collar D, and its connection with the parts A
and C respectively. For pipes of large diameter, it is desirable to avoid the use of
threaded collars such as have been already described in connection with small pipes,
for drawing together the parts A and C of my improved gripping device, inasmuch
as the friction is greatly increased when the metal couplings are of large diameter,
and in such cases I draw the parts A and C together by means of screw bolts
passing through flanges on the parts A and C respectively, as shown in Fig. 6.-
I obtain precisely the same result as before, viz: the gripping of the end of the
flexible pipe or hose B all around between two smooth correspondingly tapered or
coned surfaces, and that without injury to the said pipe or hose by cutting or
twisting.
My invention is applicable for securely attaching ordinary rubber pipes to fixed
metal pipes or apparatus of whatever kind by which fluids are circulated, especially
when used under pressure, as well as for connecting together two or more lengths
of flexible pipe or hose.
One great advantage of this mode of attaching flexible pipes to metal pipes,
couplings, and nozzles, is, that it does not reduce the area of the passage at the
point of attachment, and the coned clamping surfaces are drawn together upon the
rubber or other pipe, and may be released therefrom without any rotating move-
ment of either of the metal clamping surfaces upon or against the rubber or flexible
pipe.

page_text: When the india rubber or other flexible pipe has been thus attached to, or
clamped upon a nozzle or terminal forming part of a metal coupling or pipe, the said
metal coupling or pipe may be coupled or connected in any well known manner to
another metal pipe or part of an apparatus of any kind.
I am aware that it has been proposed to joint lead or other soft metal pipes to
one another, or to nozzles, unions, stopcocks, or the like, by opening the mouths of
the pipes with a conical tool, and then clamping their conically opened ends upon
a grooved or screw threaded tapered nipple inserted in the said previously opened
ends, the soft metal of the pipe being thereby forced into the grooves or screw
threads cut round the said taper nipple. Such a mode of jointing pipes to one
another, or to unions, nozzles, and the like, is however quite unsuited for the
attachment of flexible pipes of rubber or rubber canvas to metal nozzles and unions,
and it is one object of my invention to dispense with the use of grooves, screw
threads, or cutting edges of any kind, in or upon the metal surfaces which come in
contact with the rubber or other flexible pipe. Moreover, by using two perfectly
smooth tapering or coned gripping surfaces, I do not require to use a separate tool
for expanding or opening the mouth of the flexible pipe, for the smooth tapering
internal nipple forming an important feature of my invention is specially intended
for that very purpose.
I would, moreover, remark that my gripping surfaces are forcibly held and retained
in contact with the rubber or other flexible pipe, and that the adhesion of the pipe
to the internal nipple not being dependent upon the material of which it consists
being forced into grooves or screw threads cut in the said nipple, there is con
sequently no necessity for rotating or unscrewing either of the metal clamping
surfaces in contact with the end of the said pipe, in order to liberate or detach the
said pipe therefrom.
Such rotation is necessary and not objectionable in the invention for jointing soft
metal pipes above referred to, but it would be fatal to the object I have in view,
which is to firmly attach flexible pipes and hose, and especially rubber pipes,
to nozzles, mouths of pipes, and the like, without dragging, cutting, twisting, or
injuring them in any way; and
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The gripping device hereinabove described with reference to the drawings, for
securely attaching rubber and other non-metallic flexible pipes or hose to metal
couplings, unions, or pipes, without diminishing the size of the passage for the fluid,
or causing injury to the flexible pipe by cutting or twisting, the said means con-
sisting essentially in the combination with a smooth surfaced tapering nozzle A,
for expanding or spreading the end of said flexible pipe, a correspondingly smooth
surfaced coned ring C adapted to fit onto the end of the flexible pipe when thus
expanded or spread, and a threaded collar or its mechanical equivalent for forcibly
drawing together and retaining in their gripping position the parts A and C, so as
to compress the pipe B all around, and securely hold it between two smooth
tapering surfaces, as set forth.
Dated this 5th day of October 1885