Improvements in and in the Manufacture of a Substance or Product for Use as a Substitute for Vulcanite Hard Woods or other Hard Materials, or for any other Uses or Purposes to which same may be Applicable.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 24th June, 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of a Substance or Product
for Use as a Substitute for Vulcanite Hard Woods or other Hard
Materials, or for any other Uses or Purposes to which same may
be Applicable.
I, STANLEY BEAUMONT EARLE, General Manager of The Kuma Company, Limited, of
Victoria Works, Mitcham Common, Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention (which has been in part communicated to me from abroad by Pieter
Wichers Wierdsma and Johannes Kuipers, of Schrans bij Leeuwarden, Holland), to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in and in the manufacture of a substance
or product for use as a substitute for vulcanite hard woods or other hard materials or
for any other uses or purposes to which same may be applicable, and according to
which certain waste fibrous or cellular refuses are utilised notably the refuses produced
in the manufacture of products from potato, beet, and similar tubers such as the
refuses from potato-flour and beet sugar factories and the refuses produced in the manu-
facture of various products from wheat, barley, oats and other grains, such as the
refuse from corn-spirit factories or other factories where a fibrous husk or cellular
tissue is rejected and forms the main part of the refuse remaining.
For the production of the hard material specified the fibrous refuse (whichever form
of refuse is used) is taken and if it is a refuse containing besides fibrous and cellular
substances foreign matters such as in the case of potato refuse dextrine and
albuminous inatter etc. or if it contains any foul products (such as are caused by
decomposition) or dirt, sand, grit, or the like it is advantageously freed therefrom by
known suitable means such as boiling, washing, straining, sieving, etc.
Having obtained a fibrous refuse in a sufficiently pure condition (i.e. having more or
less got rid of everything except the fibrous material) it is more or less saturated or
charged with a gummy soap (made from any suitable gun which while insoluble in
water cay yet be saponified and rendered soluble by an alkali such as caustic soda) as
for instance resin soap which while being soluble in water is capable of being pre-
cipitated in an insoluble state by alum, ferrous sulphate, acetate of lead or by other
suitable means.
For the thorough incorporation of the soap with the fibrous refuse it is advisable
in order that the soap may the more easily and thoroughly permeate the fibre to
have this fibre in a fine state of division which result may be obtained by grinding or
disintegrating.
The soap is then added in an aqueous solution and in such a manner that it shall so
far as possible permeate all the pores of the fibre.
One method of getting a good result is by boiling the disintegrated fibre with an
aqueous solution of the soap which boiling may be conducted in either a closed or an
open vessel.
Having then thoroughly incorporated or mixed the soap with the fibre and so far
and
or
as convenient thoroughly enveloped permeated the fibre with the soap there is
then added the precipitating agent (in an aqueous solution).

page_text: lead instead of alum for precipitating. Before final drying and grinding mix with a
white pigment.
Dated this 26th day of August 1900
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
31, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Manufacture of a Substance or Product
for Use as a Substitute for Vulcanite Hard Woods or other Hard
Materials, or for any other Uses or Purposes to which same may
be Applicable.
I, STANLEY BEAUMONT EARLE, of The Kuma Company, Limited, formerly of
Victoria Works, Mitcham Common, Surrey, now of 13, St. Helen's Place, London, E.C.,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been in part communicated
to me from abroad by Pieter Wichers Wierdsma and Johannes Kuipers, of Schrans
bij Leeuwarden, Holland) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in and in the manufacture of a substance
or product for use as a substitute for vulcanite hard woods or other hard materials
or for any other uses or purposes to which same may be applicable and according
to which certain waste fibrous or cellular refuses are utilised notably the refuses
produced in the manufacture of products from potatoes and similar tubers such as
the refuses from potato flour factories and the refuses produced in the manufacture
of various products from wheat, barley, oats and other grains such as the refuse
from corn-spirit factories or other factories where a fibrous husk or cellalar tissue is
rejected and forms the main part of the refuse remaining.
For the production of the hard material specified the fibrous refuse (whichever
form of refuse is used) is taken and if it is a refuse containing besides fibrous and
cellular substances foreign matters such as in the case of potato refuse dextrine and
albuminous matter etc. or if it contains any foul products (such as are caused by
decomposition) or dirt, sand, grit, or the like it is advantageously freed therefrom
by known suitable means such as boiling, washing, straining, sieving, etc.
Having obtained the fibrous refuse in a sufficiently pure condition (that is having
inore or less got rid of everything except the fibrous materia!) it is more or less
saturated or charged with resin soap or other gummy soap (made from any suitable
gum such as resin which while insoluble in water may yet be saponified and rendered
Soluble by an alkali such as caustic soda) which is capable of being precipitated
in an insoluble state by alum, ferrous sulphate, acetate of lead or by other suitable
means.
For the thorough incorporation of the soap with the fibrous refuse it is advisable
in order that the soap may the more easily and thoroughly permeate the fibre to
have this fibre in a fine state of division which result may be obtained by grinding
or disintegrating.
The soap is then added in an aqueous solution and in such a manner that it shall
so far as possible permeate all the pores of the fibre.
One method of getting a good result is by boiling the disintegrated fibre with an
aqueous solution of the soap which boiling may be conducted in either a closed or an
open vessel.
Having thus thoroughly incorporated or mixed the soap with the fibre and so far
as convenient thoroughly enveloped and
permeated the fibre with the soap there is
ог
then added the precipating agent in an aqueous solution.

page_text: The mass is now freed from superfluous water which may advantageously be done
by straining and then pressing in woollen or cloth bags or the excess of water may be
mechanically separated in any other suitable manner, such for instance as centrifugal
action or by filter press.
It is then dried and reduced to a fine powder after which the powder is pressed in
dies or otherwise moulded under suitable pressure into a solid mass and into any
shape that may be desired advantageously in strong heated moulds or dyes or in any
other suitable manner.
If desired a fatty soap may be used in conjunction with and-in addition to the
gummy soap as aforesaid.
The product may be dyed or colored at any convenient stage of the process by any
known dye or pigment in accordance with the color which it is desired that the finished
product shall be.
Having now broadly described the method by which this new product may be
obtained I will describe in detail a method and means by which a good result may be
obtained:
(a) Take potato flour refuse.
(b) Boil with small percentage of acid in the water to convert starch into dextrine
or heat or boil (without acid) to burst the starch granules and so make the starch
soluble.
(c) Thoroughly wash to get rid of starch so converted and of any other soluble
matters and foul acids etc., formed by fermentation etc., and by any known suitable
means get rid of sand, dirt etc.
(d) Dry and reduce to a powder.
Add 5.4
(e) Make solution of resin soap in any suitable manner for instance as follows:-
Take 1.08 kilograms of caustic soda and dissolve in 25 litres of cold water.
kilograms black resin and gradually heat to 95° C. Leave under this temperature for
a quarter of an hour and dilute with 200 litres of water.
(f) Add to said solution 12 kilograms dried and ground fibre and boil again for say
one quarter of an hour.
(g) Add suitable quantity (say 30 litres) of say a 5% solution of extract of logwood.
Boil again for say 15 minutes (for black product).
(h) Add 480 grammes of catechu dissolved in 5 litres of water. Bring to the boil
again.
(2) Add 30 litres of 10% solution of alum in water. Bring to the boil again and
continue boiling for say 15 to 30 minutes.
(k) Either with or without washing-strain or treat in other suitable manner to
get rid of excess of water and unprecipitated soap or any other soluble matter
remaining.
(l) Dry.
(m) Pulverise or otherwise reduce to a powder.
(n) Press into shape in dies or otherwise suitably consolidate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim
is :-
The herein described process of treating vegetable waste or refuse of the character
specified which consists in separating and rejecting the water dirt and matters soluble
in cold water, drying and reducing the mass to a powder, incorporating therewith a
gummy soap and then subjecting the mass to the action of a precipating agent,
disintegrating the mass thus treated, reducing it to a powder and then pressing said
powder into a solid form substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated this 24th day of June 1900.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
31, Southampton Bundings, Chancery Lane, London, W.U.,
Agents for the Applicant.