Improvements in and pertaining to Chain Gearing for Driving Velocipedes and other Carriages, and for other such like purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 22nd May, 1597-Accepted, 26th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and pertaining to Chain Gearing for Driving
Velocipedes and other Carriages, and for other such like
purposes.
1 CHARLES FREDERICK GEMLEY LOW of Greencroft Farnborough in the
County of Hants Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide a chain gearing for driving velocipedes
and other carriages and for other such like purposes that is to say causing one shaft
or wheel to be revolved from and by another shaft or wheel that shall be cheap
light and strong and that shall receive and transmit the power very easily and
smoothly with a minimum of friction and therefore loss of power.
I will describe my invention as applied to a rear-driving safety bicycle.
On the crank axle in the bottom bracket is secured as is usual a chain wheel and
on the driving wheel axle is mounted as is usual another chain wheel secured as is
also usual to and on the hub of the driving wheel which two chain wheels are of
any desired absolute and proportionate diameters. The peripheries of these chain
wheels are plane and smooth but the lateral or side edges thereof project a certain
desired distance in the same plane preferably all round these wheels and in the
outer circumference of these projecting lateral edges are made a certain number of
corresponding depressions or recesses of any shapes and contours and sizes as may
be desired and at about a similar distance apart.
The chain is constructed as follows. Each alternate link consists of a single
plate or bar while the other alternate link consists of two parallel plates or bars the
corresponding ends whereof are pivoted or jointed to one of the ends of the single
plate or bar one being on each side thereof as is customary. One of these two
alternate links and preferably the double one is enlarged and in elevation is made
of a somewhat triangular shape and in the apex of this link is fitted a transverse
bolt which projects on both sides of the link and these projecting parts may if
desired he provided with anti-friction rollers or sleeves or other such like devices.
This chain is passed round the two chain wheels all parts of such chain and of
such two chain wheels being so arranged and proportioned and made of such sizes
and shapes that the chain can enter between the two projecting lateral edges of the
wheels and on its base or flat part be supported by the plane and smooth peripheries
of these wheels while the transverse bolts at the apices of the triangular or suchlike
alternate links of this chain can be and are when these links arrive at the proper
parts of the wheels received and engaged in and retained so long by the depressions
or recesses in the outer circumferences of the two projecting lateral edges of these
wheels by which engagenient the revolution of the one wheel is transmitted to the
other wheel as is desired.
In a corresponding manner this chain gearing could be fitted in and with other
velocipedes aud carriages and wheresoever uue shaft or wheel is to be revolved from
and by another shaft or wheel.
It is obvious also that the transverse bolts can be received and engaged by
or between studs or similar projections on the outer circumferences of the two

page_text: projecting lateral edges of the wheels instead of in depressions or recesses in the
same as is aforesaid."
Dated this 24th day of Jul. 1906
HART & Co.,
168, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agents.
COMI LEIM SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and pertaining to Chain Gearing for Driving
Velocipedes and other Carriages, and for other such like
purposes.
1 CHARLES FREDERICK GEMLEY LOW of Greencroft Farnborough in the
County of Hants Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this my invention is to provide a chain gearing for driving
velocipedes and other carriages and for other such like purposes that is to say: for
cansing one shaft or wheel to be revolved from and by another shaft or wheel
which chain gearing shall be very cheap and light and strong and which more
especially shall receive and transmit the power very easily and smoothly with a
minimum of friction and therefore consequent loss of power to its manifest great
advantage.
In order the more clearly to explain this my invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I refer to the accompanying drawing wherein by way of
example I have shewn my invention as and when applied or ready for application
to a rear-driving safety bicycle for the which purpose this invention has been more
especially designed and to the which machine or apparatus it is perhaps more
particularly appropriate.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the chain wheel that is fitted on the crank axle of the
bicycle.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the chain wheel that is fitted on the hub of the
driving wheel of the bicycle.
Figure 3 is a plan of one form and style of construction of the chain wheel.
Figure 4 is a section of another form and style of construction of the chain
wheel which can be fitted on the crank axle.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the chain and
Figure 6 is a plan of the chain.
Each of the chain wheels that is to say the larger wheel A and the smaller
wheel B is made and constructed and fitted in its required position in any
ordinary and convenient manner except in respect of the following particulars.
The periphery C of the wheel is plane and smooth but the lateral or side
edges D thereof project a certain desired distance in the plane of the wheel all
round the same. 1 shew in the drawing one very convenient method of providing
and fitting these projecting lateral edges D according to which they consist of
two flat rings of the proper diameter and breadth which are secured on the two
sides of the felloe of the chain wheel in the proper corresponding positions.
These projecting lateral edges D may also be provided and constructed and fitted
in any other ordinary and suitable manner. In the outer circumferences of these.
projecting lateral edges D are made a certain desired number of corresponding
depressions or recesses E which may be of any appropriate shapes and contours
and sizes those shewn in the drawing being very suitable and efficient and which
are at or about a similar distance apart. These chain wheels A and B so made
and constructed and fitted are of any desired absolute and proportionate diameters
as may be appropriate in each particular case.

page_text: The chain is made and constructed and fitted in the following manuer. Each
alternate link F consists of a single plate or bar while the other alternate link G
consists of two parallel plates or hari the corresponding ends whereof are pivoted
or jointed to one of the ends of the single plate or bar one heing on each side
thereof as is customary. One of these two alternate links F and G and preferably
the double link G is enlarged and in elevation is made of a somewhat triangular
or trilateral shape as is shewn in Figure 5 and in the apex of this link which is the
free part thereof is fitted a transverse bolt H which projects the desired distance
on both sides of the link and if this link be the double link G the central part H'
of the bolt H between the two plates of the link G is preferably enlarged in
diameter so that it will be securely retained in position even although the bolt H
be loose in the double link G and this is eminently desirable with a view of
miuimizing friction.
This chain is passed round the two chain wheels and all parts of such chain and
of such two chain wheels are so arranged and proportioned and are so made of such
sizes and shapes that the chain can enter between the two projecting lateral
edges D of the wheels and on its base be supported by and bear on the plane and
smooth peripheries C of these wheels for which purpose it is most convenient to
form in the several bases K of all the links F and Ga curve or to make the same
concave so that they will properly fit the periphery C of preferably the smaller
wheel B as is shewn in Figures 1 and 2. When and while the base of the chain is
thus supported by and borne on the periphery of the wheel the bolts H are at the
proper time and in the proper positions received and engaged in and retained so
long by the recesses E by which engagement of the bolts H the revolution of the
one wheel is transmitted to the other wheel as is desired with a minimum of friction
especially when as is preferable the base of the chain supports the bolts a little
above the bottoms of the recesses so that the only strain on these bolts is that of
transmitting the revolution as aforesaid.
The chain wheels A and B can be made and constructed with both sides thereof
exactly similar as is shewn in Figure 3 but it may sometimes be desired to arrange
the chain wheel A on the crank axle in such a position that the line of the chain
shall be in or very nearly in the plane of the bearing in the bottom bracket.
In Figure 4 I shew how this can conveniently be effected by dishing one side of
the wheel A in the ordinary manner so that it can be caused to surround the end
of the bottom bracket L being fitted on the axle M in close proximity thereto
nhereby not only will the line of the chain be in or very nearly in the plane of the
bearing in this hottom bracket but the tread of this bicycle will be narrowed that
is to say the distance between the pedals mounted on the cranks N will be
reduced. This wheel A so made aud constructed and arranged can be fitted with
and for my invention in exactly the same manuer as is hereinbefore described only
that as is indeed evident the inner projecting lateral edge D must consist of a flat
ring.
In a corresponding mauner this chain gearing could be fitted in and with other
velocipedes and carriages and wheresoever one shaft or wheel is to be revolved
from and by another shaft or wheel aud no further description or explanation of
the same can be required.
It is obvious also that when it may be desired so to do the bolts H could be
received and engaged by or between studs or similar projections on the outer
circumferences of the two projecting lateral edges D instead of in depressions or
recesses E therein as is hereinbefore described and further that anti-friction rollers
or sleeves or such like devices may be mounted on the ends of these bolts H.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a chain gearing for driving velocipedes nud other carriages and for other
such like purposes two wheels A and B mounted on their respective shafts or the

page_text: like plane and smooth peripheries C on such wheels A and B projecting lateral
edges D on such peripheries C and recesses E or studs or the like iu or on the
outer circumferences of such edges D in combination with a chain on such
wheels A and B every alternate link F or G whereof is enlarged and made of
a triangular or trilateral shape and transverse bolts H in the apices of such
links For G substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and
declared.
2. The improvements in and pertaining to chain gearing for driving velocipedes
and other carriages and for other such like purposes substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn in the accompanying drawing.
HART & Co.,
168, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agents.