IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREPLACES AND MEANS OF APPLYING HEAT
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Coad, of London, and John Peers
Coad, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Coad and
John Peers Coad at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th November 1852.
We, RICHARD COAD, of London, and JOHN PEERS COAD, of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIREPLACES AND MEANS OF APPLYING
HEAT" to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of an open fireplace with a perforated back,
and a reservoir to supply the fuel above the fire. All the air for sup-
porting combustion has to pass through the combustible materials in
its passage from the front to and through the perforated back into a
chamber behind, denominated the hot air chamber. From this chamber
the heat is applied for whatever purposes it may be wanted, viz., either

page_text: for cooking, warming, steaming, or ventilating, &c. For cottage pur-
poses, when the chimnies are small, an apparatus consisting of a cast
iron plate is used, with suitable holes and lids; and on each side and
at the back are narrow flues to the full extent of the plate, or nearly
so; the plate is arched over, by which it may be used as a hot plate
for cooking, or the entire area of the enclosed space may be used as an
oven. In the centre of the arch which covers the plate is a narrow
pipe or flue opening into the chimney for the purpose of ventilation.
This pipe or flue, which extends from the front to the back of the appa-
ratus, forms a separation for the two arched flues, the separate flue
forming the back of the oven goes direct into the chimney. Each of
these flues is, and the ventilator is, furnished with a valve attached to
a rod which extends to the front, for the purpose of regulating either
the draught or the ventilation; for example, when its use is required for
a hot plate, the arched-flue should-be-closed, and the back flue and its
ventilator should be open; and when required for baking or roasting
purposes, all the valves and dampers should. be open, except that for
ventilating, which is to be regulated according to the uses to which it
may be applied. When used for the latter purposes, the front is to be
alosad aithai hy motionble shutters or on attached door

page_text: the said Richard Coad and John Peers Coad, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-
PLACES AND MEANS OF APPLYING HEAT," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Richard Coad and John Peers Coad, or
one of us, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard Coad and John Peers
Coad, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
The apparatus consists of an open fireplace, with a perforated back,
and a reservoir to supply the fuel above the fire. All the air for
supporting combustion has to pass through the combustable materials
in its passage from the front to and through the perforated back into
a chamber behind, denominated the hot air chamber. From this
chamber the heat is applied for whatever. -purpose it may be wanted;
viz., either for cooking, warming, steaming, or ventilating, &c. For
cottage purposes, when the chimnies are small, an apparatus consisting
of a cast iron plate is used, with suitable holes and lids; and on each
side and at the back are narrow flues to the full extent of the plate, or
nearly so; the plate is arched over, by which it may be used as a hot
plate for cooking, or the entire area of the enclosed space may be used
as an oven. In the centre of the arch which covers the plate is a
narrow pipe or flue, opening into the chimney for the purpose of ven-
tilation. This pipe or flue, which extends from the front to the back
of the apparatus, forms a separation for the two arched flues. The
separate flue forming the back of the oven goes direct into the chim-

page_text: each of these mues and the ventrator is furnished with a valve
attach'd to a rod which extends to the front, for the purpose of regu-
lating either the draught or the ventilation; for example, when its us
is required for a hot plate, the arched flue should be closed, and the
back flue and its ventilator should be open; and when required for
baking or roasting purposes, all the valves and dampers should be open,
except that for ventilating, which is to be regulated according to the
uses to which it may be applied; when used for the latter purposes the
front is to be closed either by moveable shutters or an attached door.
And in order that our said Invention may be more fully understood,
and readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the means
pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, shows a transverse section; Figure 2, a longitudinal section;
and Figure 3, a front view of a fireplace and apparatus constructed and
combined according to our Invention. a, is the fireplace, which is open
in front. b, are the fire bars at the bottom to support the fuel. c, is a
chamber above for receiving a supply of fuel, which is kept away from
the front by the plate d, by which any gases which arise from the fire
or fuel may descend and be ignited, the chamber c, being closed at top
by a door, as shown. e, is a moulded back of burned fire clay, or other
suitable material or materials, having a passage or passages through
at e; and there is also a passage below at e; thus, all the air which
supports combustion must pass through the fuel, and the products must
pass away through or under the back. f, is the ash pit; there being a
second moulded back g, with an air passage or passages g¹, for the
admission of air for the more complete combustion of the gaseous
matters proceeding from the fuel at the back. h, is the hot air cham-
ber communicating with the side flues i, i, in which are valves j, j.
This hot air chamber also communicates with the flue k, which passes
partly round the oven, and thence into the back flue m, in which
there is a valve m. The flues i, i, and the flué m, pass into a chimney,
and consequently, according as the valves j, j, or m³, may be open for
the time being, so will be the direction taken by the heat and products

page_text: of combustion in their passage towards the chimney. n, is a boiler.
o, is a hot plate, having perforations, with covers at o', o'. Above this
hot plate is a space which may at any time be closed in by sliding or
other doors or plates p, p; and g, is a flue leading to the chimney
above the hot plate; and there is a valve , therein by which the
ventilation in this direction may be regulated. When the space above
the hot plate is closed in by the doors the space may be employed as
an oven. 8, 8, are indicators on the axes of the several valves in the
flues to show in what position the valves are in. t, t, are openings
through which the air from the upper or lower part of the room may
be conducted by suitable channels into the chimney for the purpose of
ventilation. The arrangement and combination above described may
be somewhat varied without departing from our Invention, and they
require to be varied under some circumstances, particularly when no
cooking is required to be performed. Figure 4, is a front view, and
Figure 5, a transverse section of a fireplace, arranged or combined
according to a variation of our Invention. u, is the fireplace, which is
open in front; b, are the fire bars at the bottom to support the fuel;
c, is a chamber above to contain a supply of fuel, which is introduced
through an opening in front covered by a door, as shown; and there is
a plate d, as in the previous case, for the purpose of allowing the gases,
which would otherwise accumulate above, descending to be consumed;
e, is a moulded back having a passage or passages through it at e², and
also below it a &, as before described; hence, the heat and products
of combustion must pass through or under the back e, and all the air
for supporting combustion must pass through the fuel in a direction
from front to back of the fire; f, is the ash pit, and the hollow chamber
g, constitutes the second back. In these particulars, subject only to
slight modifications in from, the parts and their combination are the
same as above described. The chamber, is of burned fire clay or
other suitable material or materials, and air is allowed to flow into
and from it to the room by the grated passages g', g', which open
into the chamber g. The heat and products from the fire flow into
the hot air chamber h, and heat the chamber y; and in order to supply

page_text: air to the back bridge a, and to the flue y, a pipe, leads to the outer
atmosphere, and opens into the hollow bridge and flue, as shown.
t, t, are openings communicating with the chimney for ventilation.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, I would have it
understood that what we claim is, the combination of the parts as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Coad, on behalf of myself
and the said John Peers Coad, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
RICHARD COAD. (L.S.)