IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER OR OTHER LIQUID-PRESSURE ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, NEWNHAM BROWNE, of 91 Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER OR
OTHER LIQUID-PRESSURE ENGINES," which Invention has been communicated to
me from abroad by Léon Adrien Bontemps, of 104 Rue Saint Maur, Paris, in the
Republic of France, to be as follows:-
or fall
The Liquid used in this Invention whether water or other liquid, has to be under
"head'
pressure to act efficaciously This pressure may be natural, say, a
of water, or physical as for instance the water forced through the supply pipes in
the Waterworks of a Town, or it may be mechanical as would be obtained in a
Receiver filled with liquid upon the surface of which a Piston is caused to act, upon
which a pull is exerted by a counter-weighted lover, the intensity of the pressure
may vary and the pressure or head imparted to the liquid may consequently be
either constant or adjustable.
By my system however I obtained the pressure upon the liquid by a special
arrangement consisting in that the lever of the counterweight is constantly kept
in equilibrium by means of a screw upon which the fulcrum of the lever acts like
a nut; the screw which raises and lowers the nut in the lever receives its rotary
motion from suitable devices connected to the moving parts of the motor.
Now the motor consists of two cylinders, which may be termed "single action
cylinders," provided with Pistons having hollow rods ending in boxes which may
be termed "pressure chambers" and which are internally threaded and work on
quick pitched screws.
If the form of the pressure chambers have the shape of broad based cones,
resembling a reversed funnel, the point has to be placed in direct communication
with the interior of the cylinders by conduits opening at the end of the Pistons.
The liquid under pressure is alternately introduced and exhausted in each cylinder
by suitably arranged valves or inlet and outlet ports; it acts not only on the
surface of the Motor Pistons but also re-acts on the base of the conical chambers

page_text: of the pressure-boxes or chambers producing thereby a pressure supplementing
that already developed upon the surface of the pistons during their stroke.
The screws are loose upon their axles, on one end they are fitted with sleeves
which may be termed "couplings," and alternately, when the pistons arrive at the
end of their stroke, engage with and are disengaged from their counterparts,
furnished with pinions, gearing with a single wheel mounted upon or connected
with the shaft of the Motor carrying the fly wheel and driving pulley.
'
These parts transinit the alternating rectilinear motion of the Pistons transforming
it into a continuous rotary motion, to the shaft which carries the driving pulley.
Dated the 26th day of March 1884.

page_text: I NEWNHAM BROWNE late of 91 Queen Street Cheapsido but now of 73 Cheap-
side in the City of London Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER OR OTHER LIQUID PRESSURE ENGINES"
(a communication from abroad by Leon Adrien Bontemps of 104 Rue Saint
Maur Paris in the Republic of France) and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement —
This invention relates to a system of hydrostatic motor which acts by means of a
liquid having a "head" or being under pressure and either upon two alternately
acting pistons.
"
In its simplest arrangement this motor is constructed as follows:-
(1). There are two single acting Cylinders in which work plunger pistons of
special construction-The heads of these Pistons end in boxes which I term
pressure-boxes" with Conical chambers upon the bases of which reacts the pressure
of the Column of water or the pressure of any other liquid agent; the water or
other liquid entering the said Chambers by their narrowest part, produces an
additional power besides that developed in the Cylinders.
(2). There are two screws of very steep pitch; they are formed solid with the
Pistons and the pressure boxes in which the Pistons terminato serve as nuts for
the same The alternate motion of the Pistons thus causes rotary motion of the
screws in one or the other direction-The two screws therefore always rotate in
directions opposite to one another as they are connected with Pistons of which one
rises when the other descends.
At that end which is not connected with the nut the screws are provided with
coupling sleeves which alternately, and when the Corresponding Piston is under
pressure, gear with a Counter clutch keyed on a pinion which runs loose on its stud
or axle; The two pinions (firmly connected with the Clutches which receive motion
from the screws) gear at diametrically opposite points with a gear wheel mounted
on the driving shaft, the disengagement of the Pinions being automatically effected
as soon as pressure ceases to act on the Pistons-Thus when one pinion is disen-
gaged the other is thrown into gear and as they turn in the same direction they
impart a continuous rotary motion to the gear wheel by successively acting upon
the same.
This is the arrangement which serves to transform the alternating rectilinear
motion of the Pistons into a continuous circular motion imparted to the shaft of the
driving Pulley.
The Pistons have a special construction so as to allow the liquid which furnishes
the motive power to act upon the surface of the Pistons as well as in the pressure
boxes which form the end of the rods of these Pistons.
To this end very narrow annular spaces are formed in the plunger-Pistons.
extending the entire length thereof and directly communicating with the pressure
Chambers.
It is obvious that the arrangements for distributing the liquid and for its escape
may be any that are thought suitable, nevertheless they have to fulfil one indis-

page_text: pensable condition and this is instantaneously to change the direction of the liquid
which furnishes the motive power so that when the same has produced its full effect
in one Cylinder, its communication with that Cylinder may be interrupted and that
it be immediately established with the other Cylinder whilst the liquid which has
acted is discharged from one Cylinder whilst the other is becoming filled.
The arrangement shown in the drawings by way of example well satisfies this
double condition.
It comprises an oscillating bar or walking beam whose centre of rotation is
between the two motive power Pistons and which oscillates when the Pistons
descend upon it is hinged a connecting rod which operates a double set of valves-
In one upward motion of the connecting rod the inlet valves for the water for
providing the motive power in one Cylinder is opened and the exhaust valve closed,
whilst in the other Cylinder the exhaust is opened and the inlet closed.
ft
In the annexed drawing Fig 1 shews an example of my motor in elevation,
partly in section, it has two Pistons Fig 2 is a side view thereof, a a¹ are Cylinders
wherein move Pistons b.-d. d are the tubular rods of these Pistons; q. q' are the
helicoidal screws which carry coupling-sleeves. 7. r¹; m. m² are what I term the
'pressure boxes" at the ends of the Pistons b. b'; and p. p¹ are the conical chambers
or spaces surmounted by the channels o. u, o¹. u¹ which form extensions of the
hollow rods d of the Pistons. These internally screwed boxes operate as nuts upon
the screws q. q. 8. 8' are the pinions carrying the Counterparts 11 11 of the
sleeves. ; these Pinions gear with the wheel v, which in turn gears with the
-wheel-keyed_on_shaft g carrying the driving pulley h and fly wheel V the
screws q. q in rotating transform tho rectilinear_motion of the Pistons b. b¹ into a
continuous rotary motion.
4. is the oscillating rod or walking beam the Pivot wherefor is fixed on the
framing; it oscillates alternately in one direction and the. other under the action
of two tappets 5 and 5¹ fixed on the pressure boxes m. m³ respectively. Upon said
walking beam is hinged a rod b attached at 7 to a Crank 8 of a gear wheel
9 engaging with the pinions 11 and 11' which in turn gear with the Pinions 10, 10¹
these actuating the plugs of the taps or valves which admit the water furnishing
the motive power either into one Cylinder or the other (Pinions 11 and 11¹) and
allow escape of the exhaust water which flows into a reservoir 12 by the tubes e. e¹;
the taps or valves 11 and 10 are simultaneously opened the former to admit the
water for furnishing the motive power into Cylinder a from tube 13 and the other
to discharge into the reservoir 12 by the tube c¹ that water which has acted in tho
Cylinder a; The same takes place with respect to the taps 111 and 10¹.
Two racks 1 and 2 attached to the pressure-boxes m. m³ respectively and gearing
with a wheel 3 contribute to the connection of the Pistons and regulate their
working so as to prevent variation.
Thus arranged the above described Motor works with great regularity by utilising
not only the "head" or pressure of the water, but also the vis viva produced by
the sudden shock of the water once in one Cylinder and once in the other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is
.
In a Motor utilising water or other liquid under pressure
(1) The arrangement for admitting water under pressure suddenly and alternately
in the two Cylinders or into two pairs of Cylinders the Pistons whereof are
connected two and two.
(2) The special construction of the motive power Pistons as described and
shewn.
(3) The manner of operating the admission of water to the motive power Pistons
and the exhaust of the water which has acted, this being so effected that at a
single stroke the inlet valve of one Cylinder is opened while the exhaust is closed,
whilst in the other the inlet is closed and the exhaust opened.

page_text: (4) The arrangement for transforming the alternating rectilinear motion of the
Pistons into continuous rotary motion of the shaft which carries the driving
Pulley.
(6) The general construction of a Motor such as described and shewn as well as
the various applications of the same.
In witness whereof I the said Newnham Browne have hereunto set my
hand this twenty fourth day of December in the Year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
NEWNHAM BROWNE.