CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, of Great Queen
Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS."
Sealed the 15th January 1861, and dated the 16th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn
Danchell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th July 1860.
I, FREDERICK LUDEWIG HAHN DANCHELL, of Great Queen Street, West-
minster, Civil Engineer, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of, firstly, in certain arrangements to render filtra-
tion of water and other fluids more perfect and expeditious, and to admit of
easy rectification when choked or otherwise out of order; and secondly, in-the
application thereof for cisterns, tanks, water buts, jars, and in connection with
pumps.
I construct for this purpose a separate and independant filter apparatus by
availing myself of a vessel of metal, glass, porcelain, earthenware, or any other
suitable material, and of any convenient shape, either cylindrical, spherical, or
otherwise. This said vessel has an opening sufficiently large to admit tho
filtering material with which it is to be charged. In the centre of this opening
I insert a tube with perforations at the one end, so as to admit water to pass,

page_text: but not the filtering medium, and of sufficient length to reach the entire height
of the said vessel, and project sufficiently to allow of being fixed water-tight in
a cistern or other water holder containing the water or other fluid to be filtered;
after being charged with the filtering material, the said vessel is closed with a
cork or other convenient mode, leaving the said tube as alluded to projecting
through the cork. This apparatus now being fixed water-tight in the said second
vessel will admit the fluid to pass through small holes left for the purpose in
the cork or in the under part of the vessel itself, and through the filtering to
pass off through the tube in the centre. Instead of being placed in a second
vessel, as alluded to, it may also be attached to a pump or pumps, so as to forco
or draw the water or other fluid through the filter at once.
SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
LUDEWIG HAHN DANCHELL, of Great Queen Street, Westminster, Civil Engi-
neer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, Her special licence that I, the said
Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to render the filtering apparatus separable
from the vessel holding the fluid to be filtered, for the purpose of cleaning or
renewal.
This is effected in the following manner:-Fig. 1 is a vessel of clay, metal,
glass, or other suitable material, and of size and shape suited to the particular
purpose and quantity to be filtered, is provided with one or several openings at
its lower part a, for the admission of the filtering material, and subsequently
for the admission of the fluid to be filtered. The upper end 6 in the interior
of the said vessel is provided with a small chamber c, perforated with small
holes, or construction of some porous material for the fluid to pass through,
and at the same time to hold back the particles of the filtering material, which
would otherwise be inclined to pass away with the fluid. This said chamber is
also provided with a larger hole for the insertion of a tube which has to serve
as outlet for the fluid after having entered the said chamber. The said vessel is
then filled with the filtering material and closed with a cock or otherwise, to
prevent the said filtering material from falling out. The apparatus is then
ready for use, and may be applied for portable filters, cisterns, tanks, or other
holders of fluid.
For the latter purpose, however, a modification of the arrangement may
sometimes be found convenient, namely, that of drawing the fluid from the top
of the said filtering apparatus, instead of from the bottom, as described. In
this case the outlet is made at the top, and the inlet through the perforated
bottom or through a perforated chamber attached to a pipe, as shown in Fig. 2,
The same arrangement is also applicable for filters attached to pumps or to
supply pipes.
It is obvious that this said Invention is capable of various modifications by
placing the inlet and outlet in different positions, or by connecting the per-
forated or porous chamber to the inlet or outlet tube instead of to the said
vessel as described, but as such modifications do not alter the nature of the
said Invention, I include them in my claims.
Fig. 3 will explain the general arrangement as applied to portable filters.
The apparatus as here shown is made to stand on a plate, which separates the
vessel A into two different compartments, the one (B) for the fluid to be
filtered, and the other (C) for the fluid after having been filtered. This said
plate is provided with a cork g, through which the tube passes water-tight into

page_text: the lower compartment (C) of the said vessel (A). The fluid to be filtered
now enters through the perforated bottom of the vessel D and percolates
through the filtering material by ascension till it arrives within the chamber
(c), from where it passes away through the tube d into the lower compart-
ment (C) of the said vessel A.
The following two points constitute my claims with regard to this In-
vention:-
1. The construction of an independent apparatus capable of being detached
either inside or outside to any kind of convenient holder of water or other fluid,
for the purpose of filtration, as described.
2. For the application of this said apparatus for domestic or household
portable filters, cisterns, tanks, or other holders of fluid, or connected with
pumps or supply pipes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, have
hereunto my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day. of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
FREDERICK LUDEWIG HAHN DANCHELL. (L.S.)