IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION OF COLORING MAMMOT
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Smith, of No. 114, West Street, in the
City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION OF COLORING
MAMMOT
"
Sealed the 15th January 1861, and dated the 17th August 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th August 1860.
I, RICHARD SMITH, of No. 114, West Street, in the City of Glasgow, in
Scotland, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION OF COLORING
MATTER," to be as follows:-
I make a saturated solution of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, or cumidine, or
any or either of them in water, by shaking them therein and then filtering. To
this solution, more or less diluted, I add a saturated solution of chlorine in
water in various proportions according to the color required, viz., from one to
three equivalents of chlorine to one equivalent of the base or bases (the satu-
rated solution of chlorine may be further diluted with water before using it.)
The greater the proportion of chlorine used the more the color inclines to red.
These mixed solutions I allow to stand for twelve hours, at the end of which
time a partial precipitate of coloring matter has taken place, which I com-
plete by adding an alkali in solution. The precipitate thus formed is thrown

page_text: on a filter, washed with cold water, and carefully dried at 100° centigrade, or
it may be digested with methylated spirits of, wine for 24 hours & then evapo-
rated to dryness, which last method I prefer, and if done in a retort the spirit
may be recovered; the precipitate in either case must then be digested or
boiled in mineral naptha until this has taken up every thing soluble therein.
'This soluble portion consists of a reddish coloring matter, together with tarry or
other impure matters, and that which is left undissolved is the coloring matter
desired, which when solid is of a bronze color, and something similar to that
obtained from aniline by means of chromates, but it most commonly assumes
a reddish color. It is then dried at 100° centigrade to evaporate all the
naptha and afterwards digested in methylated spirits of wine to obtain a satu-
rated solution thereof, when it is fit for the dyers' or printers' use. To dye
with this coloring matter, I add a sufficient quantity of a solution of it (pre-
ferring an alcoholic solution) to hot or boiling water, with or without the
addition of tartaric or oxalic acids, and immerse or boil the silk, wool, or
'albuminized or otherwise prepared cotton or other fabric therein. For printing,
a solution of the required strength is thickened with albumen in the usual
way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd February 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
'SMITH, of No. 114, West Street, in the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Smith, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Smith, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Smith,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARA-
TION AND PRODUCTION OF COLOURING MATTER," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said Richard Smith, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Smith, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
To make a purple colour I use a saturated solution of aniline, toluidine,
xylidine, and cumidine, or of any or either of them, in water, to this I add a
solution of chlorine in water (about half the strength of a saturated solution);
the proportions are from one to three equivalents of chlorine to one equivalent
of the bases, the greater quantity of chlorine producing generally a redder shade
of colour. But I prefer to dissolve in the water used for making the chlorine
solution about two per cent. of, sulphate of soda, and after being saturated
with chlorine it contains hypochlorous acid, chloride of sodium, and bisulphate
of soda; the first acts in a similar manner to free chlorine, and the presence
of the bisulphate enables me to use leaden vessels for conducting the operations..
The mixture I allow to stand 12 hours, collect the black precipitat formed on
a filter, wash with water, and purify it, either as described in my Provisional
Specification, or in the following manner, which I prefer. After having well
washed the precipitate I mix intimately with it a solution of caustic soda con-
taining about five per cent. of soda; after two hours I filter again and let the
dark brown coloured soda solution run off, and wash with water until it runs
off perfectly colourless (the soda removes an acid brown substance). The now
partially purified precipitate I boil in water until the colouring matter is dis-
solved, filter hot, and add to the clear solution a small quantity of chloride of
calcium, in order to separate the colouring matter, which is collected on a
filter, washed with cold water until the water begins to assume a violet colour,
when the now very pure colouring matter may be dried or dissolved in methy-
lated spirit, after which it may be used for dyeing or printing in the same
manner as those purple colours obtained from aniline by means of chromates,
manganates, &c. The colour so obtained is of a similar shade to those pro-
duced from aniline by chromates, manganates, &c.; it has also the same
chemical properties, but is brighter.
I do not claim the exact proportions, times, or temperatures above men-
tioned; but I claim the treating of a solution of aniline, toluidine, xylidine,

page_text: and cumidine, or any or either, of them, in water, with a solution either of
chlorine or hypochlorous acid in water, so as to produce a precipitate of
colouring matter substantially in the above described manner; also to purify
this precipitate substantially in the above described manner, so as to obtain a
pure purple colour either in its solid state or in a, concentrated spirituous
solution fit for dyeing or printing.
In witness whereof, I, the said. Richard. Smith, have hereunto set: my
handi and seal, this Second day of: February, in the: year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one...