Improvements in Water Closet and other Cisterns for the purpose of Ventilation, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Water Closet and other Cisterns for the purpose of
Ventilation, and Apparatus therefor.
We, HENRY KERRILL, Jun., of No. 7, Russell Street, Dublin, Mechanical
Engineer, and JOHN HAMILTON HUNTER, 24, Lower Ormond Quay, Dublin,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
We fix to an ordinary cistern a ball cock so arranged that when the cistern is
empty, the ball falls to the bottom, and at the same time opens the cock which in
our invention is so arranged that the water instead of falling into the cistern
passes through a jet outlet acting on a small turbine wheel fixed into the cover of
the cistern for which a raised case is cast on the cover to receive said turbine and
having a small shaft passing through this case with bearings. At one end of the
shaft we fix next to a wall an ejecting air propellor, with an aperture or pipe
passing through the wall, on the outside we fix a grating or a mica flap. The
result of this arrangement is-when the cistern is emptied and begins to fill, the
pressure of the inflowing water which would otherwise be wasted drives the tur-
bine, which operates the air propellor, thus clearing the apartment of foul air and
gases, without any waste of water than what is required to fill the cistern. By a
modification of the same principle it can be used for the expulsion of foul air from
urinals, lavatories, or other apartments and buildings.
Dated Santamber 8th 1897
HENRY KERRILL, JUNR.,
JOHN HAMILTON HUNTER.
Improvements in Water Closet and other Cisterns for the purpose of
Ventilation, and Apparatus therefor.
We, HENRY KERRILL, Junr., of 7, Russel Street, Dublin, Mechanical Engineer,
and JOHN HAMILTON HUNTER, of 24, Lower Ormond Quay, Dublin, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has reference to improvements in water closet, and other cisterns,
and has for its object the utilization of the power pressure of water for ventilation
purposes.
We will describe the nature of our said invention and the manner in which the

page_text: same may be carried into effect, by referring to the accompanying drawings, in
which.
Fig. 1. is a longitudinal vertical section of an ordinary water closet cistern shew-
ing the alterations and additions necessary for the purpose of our invention.
Fig. 2. is a top plan of same.
Fig. 3. a detail view of the inlet valve.
Fig. 4. an elevation of a detached part of our ventilating apparatus, as herein
after more fully described and,
Fig. 5. is a cross section of the casing of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 4.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each of the views.
In the cover of the cistern is arranged a segmental or other suitably shaped
recess A, in which is mounted a turbine wheel B on the transverse spindle C,
which is prolonged through suitable bearings and carries on its free end a fan
propeller D.
The fan propeller is arranged to rotate in front of a suitable aperture in the
wall E of the apartment in which the cistern is erected, or it may rotate in front of
a tube when the cistern does not happen to be fixed near the outer wall.
The inlet valve which we prefer to use is constructed as shewn in Fig. 3.
The ball lever a is pivoted at 6 and is provided with a cam c engaging a piston d
the conical end of which is provided with a disc of india-rubber which impinges
against the inlet e.
As shewn in the drawings the valve is closed, the cistern being full.
When the chain or lever a¹ is pulled to flush the closet, or when a draw off cock
is used, the water is discharged and the ball in falling causes the piston d to recede
from the inlet, whereupon the water enters as indicated by the arrows, and striking
the cups of the turbine imparts rotation to same.
This rotation is communicated to the fan propeller and will continue so long
as the water operates the turbine, the action ceasing when the cistern is full
By this means the foul air is drawn from the apartment and this automatic
action being set up each time the cistern is discharged the apartment will be
cleared of foul gases, and maintained in a pure and wholesome condition without
the expenditure of other motive power than that caused by the necessary filling of
the cistern.
It is obvious that by a modification of the apparatus the turbine wheel may
be fixed horizontally or at any convenient angle, and actuated on the same prin-
ciple.
It is to be understood that our invention may be applied to other cisterns than
those of water closets: such for example as cisterns used for urinals, lavatories,
or for domestic purposes,—the principle of application and operation being the
same in each case.
According to a modification of our invention a ventilating apparatus as
presently described may be erected at a distance from the operating cistern and
worked in the following manner.
For this purpose we propose to use a combined air propeller and turbine wheel
constructed as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.
Here the periphery of the turbine is surrounded with cups g and runs in bear-
ings h or it may rotate in ball bearings or on centre points as may be found con-
venient.
The cups are enclosed in a case formed in cross section as shown in Fig. 5.
whereby the apparatus is practically water tight.
To this apparatus the water is conducted from the inlet valve of the cistern by a
pipe and striking the cups 9 imparts motion to the turbine wheel returning to
the cistern by pipe 7.
By this arrangement it will be obvious that the principle of our invention may
be utilized for automatically working a ventilating apparatus irrespective of its
relative position to the operating cistern.
This apparatus may be cut out of circuit by means of a bye pass p provided

page_text: with a three way cocks which may be inserted in any convenient part of the
system.
For the purpose of preventing an indraught through the aperture in which the
fan propeller works a falling flap of mica may be hinged therein capable of
swinging outwards only, or the aperture may be provided with a funnel terminat-
ing with a "cowl" or other suitable air ejecting contrivance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
First In combination with water closet and such like cisterns arranged and
operating on the principle as herein described the use and application of a turbine
actuated automatically by the jet of water entering the cistern and the motion of
which is transmitted to an air propeller without waste of water or expenditure of
other motive power than is necessary in the act of filling the cistern, as herein
specified and set forth.
Second: In combination with water closet and such like cisterns arranged and
operating on the principle herein described the use and application of ventilating
apparatus consisting of a combined turbine and air propeller constructed, arranged
and operating in the manner substantially as described and illustrated in Figs.
4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Third: The use and application for the purpose of ventilating water closets
urinals, lavatories, smoking rooms, factories, and such like apartments, and build-
ings, of apparatus constructed arranged and operating in the manner substan-
tially as herein specified and set forth in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of Ton 1800
2
J. K. FAHIE & SON,
Agents for Applicants, 9, Westland Row, Dublin.