IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR KNEADING AND MIXING FLOUR AND OTHER INGREDIENTS, AND POD MATE DING PACITUR
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hunt, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR KNEADING AND MIXING FLOUR AND OTHER INGREDIENTS, AND
POD MATE DING PACITUR
"
Sealed the 10th December 1878, and dated the 18th June 1878.
Sealed the 10th December 1878, and dated the 18th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICAȚION left by the said John Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1878.
" IMPROVE-
JOHN HUNT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR KNEADING AND MIXING FLOUR AND
OTHER INGREDIENTS, AND FOR MOULDING PASTE."
My improved machinery or apparatus for kneading consists of a series of eccentric
cams or blades, made by preference of sheet steel, which are fixed on an axle
revolving in the kneading trough. The action of the cams or blades combines the
flour with the other ingredients to make the dough or paste.
Another part of my Invention consists of a cylindrical case, in which is a grid.
In the centre of the case is an axle with cross arms. As the axle revolves the cross
arms work the flour and other ingredients against the grid. In some cases the axle
with the cross arms can be used without the grid.
My improved machinery or apparatus for moulding paste consists of a fixed
bottom mould of the size and shape of the pie to be moulded, also of an inside
mould, which is fixed to a spindle which is worked up and down by a weighted
lever and link. The top mould is heated by gas, which is carried down a pipe
passing through the spindle. The lower end of the gas pipe is perforated, and the
sides of the mould are also perforated to supply air for combustion. At the bottom
of the inside mould is a valve to allow the air or steam to escape. The paste to be
moulded is placed in a dish, which is put into the bottom mould, and these dishes
are made of sheet metal stamped to the size and shape required without seam.

page_text: In moulding the paste into the shape of the lids of the pies shallow dishes may
be employed, or the dishes can be dispensed with. The bottom mould or plate is
in this case heated by gas to facilitate the pressing and removing of the paste; or
the moulds may be heated by steam; or the lids of the pies may be made by causing
the paste to pass between heated rollers and then stamping it to the shape and size
required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Hunt. in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th December
1878.
JOHN HUNT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR KNEADING AND MIXING FLOUR AND
OTHER INGREDIENTS, AND FOR MOULDING PASTE."
My improved machinery or apparatus for kneading consists of a series of eccentric
cams or blades, made by preference of sheet steel.
My improved apparatus for mixing consists of a cylindrical case, in which is a
grid and an axle with cross arms.
My improved machinery or apparatus for moulding paste consists of a fixed
bottom mould with a movable top mould, and in the mechanism for working the
latter. Also in the application of gas or other equivalent for treating the top
mould or plunger.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood I will proceed to
describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is an end view in section and Fig. 2 is a plan of my improved apparatus
for for kneading.
a, a, are the eccentric cams or blades of sheet steel fixed on the axle b, in contrary
spirals revolving in the direction of the arrow in bearings at the ends of the
kneading troughs c. The action of the cams or blades combines the flour with the
other ingredients to make the dough or paste.
Fig. 3 is an elevation and Fig. 4 is a plan, both in section, of my improved
apparatus for mixing flour and other ingredients.
d is the axle to which are cast or otherwise secured the cross arms e, which in
revolving pass between the bars of the grid f. The grid fits into the casing h, and
is retained in its place by metal strips soldered to the sides of the cylinder. The
grid can be removed for cleaning or other purposes and replaced with facility.
In some cases the axle with the cross arms can be used without the grid.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation and Fig. 6 a front view of my improved machine for
moulding pies.
i is the bottom mould shewn on an enlarged scale in Figs. 7 and 8, which
contains the tin dish x. Part of the inside of the bottom mould is formed of a
movable segment j, which is acted upon by the spring k to hold the pie dish in its

page_text: place, and to prevent its rising with the top mould or plunger n when it is with-
drawn after forming the pie. By pressing the handle the spring k is drawn
slightly back, so that the pic dish can be easily removed from the mould. The
bottom mould, on which are stops y to limit the descent of the top mould, fits in
thic block i¹, screwed to the foundation plate q. n is the top mould or plunger
shewn on an enlarged scale in Fig. 9, fastened to the block o, which is fixed to the
hollow spindle p moving up and down in the standards. At the bottom of the
inside mould is a valve t, see Fig. 9, for the escape and admission of air and steam.
Motion is given to the hollow spindle and plunger by the weighted lever u and
link u. The top mould or plunger is heated by gas supplied by the pipe u, passing
through the hollow spindle and ignited at the burner v', which rests upon a plate
shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 5 on the plunger n. There are holes in the block o
to supply air to the gas burner v. Steam or charcoal may be used instead of gas
for heating the top mould.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The pie dish containing a piece of paste
is placed in the bottom mould i, and the lever u is drawn down to the position shewn
in dotted lines in Fig. 5, thus bringing the top mould or plunger n into the bottom
mould, and forcing the paste into the required shape. The moulds n, i, and b¹ are
held in their places by thumbscrews, and can readily be changed from one size to
another.
Figs. 10 and 11 are a side elevation and front view of a machine for forming the
lids on pies; a' is the bottom mould, in which the pie dish containing the pie is
placed, with a piece of paste for the lid on the top of it; b' is the top mould or
plunger, which I make with a plain, or fluted, or ornamental surface; c' is the block
fixed to the spindle c, to which the top mould or plunger is attached by thumb-
screws; ' is the weighted lever which, with the link d³, gives motion to the spindlo
and plunger; e' is the standard in which the spindle c² slides.
The mode of operation is as follows:-When the dish containing the pie with a
picce of paste on the top of it for the lid has been placed in the bottoin mould the
lever d' is drawn down to the position shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 10, thus
bringing the plunger 6' on to the edge of the pie dish and pressing the lid into
shape, and at the same time cutting off the superfluous paste.
Having stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that I claim,-
First. The eccentric cams or blades, a set on a shaft in contrary spirals, as shewn
in Figs. 1 and 2.
Secondly. The axle d, with cross arms e, with or without the grid f, as shewn in
Figs. 3 and 4.
Thirdly. The improved machine shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 for moulding pies, and
particularly the weighted lever u and link u'.
Fourthly. Making pics in tins by machinery.
Fifthly. The bottom mould i, as shewn and described.
Sixthly. Heating the top mould or plunger n by gas, steam, or otherwise.
And, lastly. The machine shewn in Figs. 10 and 11 for forming the lids on pies
and cutting off the superfluous paste.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hunt, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twelfth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-