matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OF DEER'S HAIR
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
AND EMPLOYMENT OF DEER'S HAIR." A communication from abroad by
Michael Alexander Bryson, of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 15th July 1879, and dated the 16th January 1879.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OF DEER'S HAIR" A communication from
abroad by Michael Alexander Bryson, of New York, United States of America.
The improvements in the treatment consist in cutting, shearing, or otherwise
removing the hair from the skin, then cleansing it of grease or other impurities and
drying in a hot chamber or oven, or, in some cases, by exposure to the sun, and in
the application of said hair as a stuffing, padding, filling, or coating material for
various purposes, such, for example, as mattresses, pillows, quilts, or other bedding
materials, bustles, breast pads, quilted skirts, or other articles of wearing apparel,
cushions, mats, or upholstered furniture; in fact it may be applied as a substitute
for curled hair, wool, cotton, feathers, down, or analogous substances now used. The
principal advantages resulting from its use are due to its extreme lightness, flexi-
bility, and elasticity as compared in bulk with other known substances for such
purposes above mentioned, an equal volume not exceeding one half the weight in
any instance and yet possessing greater strength and durability. Its buoyancy or
power to maintain a given weight compared to the same volume of other analogous
substances is far greater. Extensive experiments with floating articles contain the
same, showing a much less displacement, hence its adaptation to life preservers in
the form of mattresses, pillows, or any article composing a ship's outfit that may
serve such purpose is manifest. For special purposes where extreme lightness and
sensitiveness is desired it may be soaked not less than six hours in naptha and

page_text: subsequently allowed to dry, the effect of this treatment being to extract the oily
matters and odors from the hair, rendering it lighter, and increasing its elastic
qualities.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of January, A.D. 1879.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.S.)
A NEW AND IMPROVED TOY OR SPRING HORSE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Purchese at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1879.
JOHN JAMES PURCHESE, of 18, Holywell Row, Curtain Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Rocking Horse Manufacturer. "A NEW AND IMPROVED TOY OR
SPRING HORSE."
This Invention consists in the manufacturing of a new and improved toy
horse, motion being given to the same by means of a spring, hereafter
described.
Upon a suitable platform or base a frame or stand is firmly secured, on the top of
which is the bearing plate or block to which one end of a volute, clock, or other
suitable spring is attached. The other end of the spring is fixed to the underpart
of the body of the horse or other animal used for riding purposes.
The power of the spring will be adjusted according to the size of the horse.
The use of and adaptation of a spring in lieu of the rockers will give to the horse
an easy and steady motion.
The seat or saddle on which the child or person sits, is in the same position as in
the case of ordinary riding, and to which the usual appliances, such as reins, bridle,
and other fittings are added.
This Invention will avoid the tendency to danger which exists in the ordinary
rocking horses, in case of getting into too close proximity to the rockers or stand,
very frequently severely injuring the toes of children and also grown people,
whereas this Invention being firmly secured to a stand plate or platform resting
flat on the ground, no possible danger can arise, while at the same time the children
can enjoy the healthful exercise of the riding without fear of danger to the nurse
or other attendant.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEARING ROUTES OBSTRUCTED BY SNOW
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Alfred Wargnier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1879.
ERNEST ALFRED WARGNIER, of Mouy, County of Oise, in the Republic of France.
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEARING ROUTES OBSTRUCTED BY SNOW."
The object of my Invention is to reestablish the circulation upon routes (railways,
tramways, and ordinary roads) which have become blocked by the accumulation of
snow.
The apparatus consists of a waggon, to the front of which is fitted a snow-cutter
carrying a snow-clearer; the snow-clearer consists of a revolving fan or vanes
mounted upon a shaft for the purpose of clearing the cutter.
The cutter operates upon the snow obliquely and at such a distance between the
two lines of rails as is necessary for the passage of the train or other vehicle, and
takes up the snow, commencing between the two lines of rails and throws it off
outside the rails upon either side, according to the direction in which the waggon
is travelling.
A double apparatus may be used so as to throw the snow outside the line on
both sides.
The snow-clearer or fan (having 4, 6, 8 or more vanes as desired) of a conical
form, by its rotary motion prevents the accumulation of snow upon the cutter.
The vanes are curved the back part of the curve bearing upon the snow which
they push away.
For use on ordinary roads the waggon is carried on wheels without flanges, of
which two or more may be used.
The waggon may be driven by a steam or other engine, or pushed by horses
harnessed to a pole behind. If necessary it may be fitted with an apparatus for
distributing sand or other material upon the rails in order to prevent the wheels
slipping.
This distributing apparatus consists of a hollow cylinder extending across the
waggon and pierced with holes to deliver the sand or other material into two
funnels placed one over each rail. Above the hollow cylinder is a hopper for
feeding the sand or other material into the cylinder; the cylinder has a revolving
shaft passing through it which regulates the quantity of sand to be delivered.
The waggon should be weighted sufficiently for the force necessary to be
employed.
Brooms may be placed in front of the wheels to thoroughly clear the rails.
The several parts of the apparatus are driven by suitable wheel gearing.
CONSTRUC BICYC
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wright Prestwich at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1879.
WRIGHT PRESTWICH, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of the said Invention is to afford greater ease to the rider, and to
prevent the excessive vibration experienced when riding over rough roads.
The principal part of this vibration is due to the hind or trailing wheel at the
lower end of the backbone of the bicycle, which on account of its much smaller
diameter than the front or driving wheel is much more effected by any inequalities
of the road, and hence when passing over rough roads an unpleasant amount of
vibration or shaking is imparted to the saddle.
In order to obviate this defect I propose to insert springs between the lower end
of the back-bone and the hinder axle.
These springs may be applied in various ways, but I prefer to provide the arms
of the hinder fork (at the lower end of the backbone) with tubes capable of sliding
telescopically, and to insert therein small spiral springs so adapted that the connection
between the hinder axle and the backbone shall be elastic and springy instead of
being rigid as heretofore. By these means the greater portion of the excessive
vibratory motion of the hinder wheel (due to the smallness of its diameter) will be
absorbed by the said springs and will not be communicated to the backbone and
saddle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Kitching at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1879.
"
HENRY KITCHING, of Goole, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES."
The object of these improvements is to provide an effective means of stoppering
bottles used for aërated or other liquids, dispensing with projections and grooves in
the bottle necks, bottles of ordinary construction being used.
The stopper or plug consists of a small hollow conical shaped form, the apex of
which is mounted with a head for the purpose of giving direction to that end of the
stopper or plug when passing into its place in the neck of the bottle. On the cone
is placed an elastic india rubber ring which covers the whole of the form except at
each end. The india rubber ring is placed on the stopper or plug after it has been
dropped into the bottle, a suitable tool being employed for the purpose.

page_text: HENRY KITCHING. (L.S.)
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOBBINS AND SPOOLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS
JOHN WILLIAM WILSON, of Barnsley, in the County of York.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOBBINS AND SPOOLS."
My Invention consists in forming the heads or flanges of bobbins, spools, and
other similar articles of metal, or a combination of metal and papier-maché, wood,
or other suitable substance, the metal flanges being pierced with holes in such
manner as to allow the metal projecting round the holes pierced to be used for
fastening the flanges to the barrels of the bobbins, and also for securing the papier-
maché or other substance to the metal.
I some cases I bend the rim of the metal over to form a doubled edge, or bend it
over wire or other substance to increase the strength; when the heads or flanges
are partially formed of papier-maché or other substance, I bend the rim of the
metal over such substance to secure it in its place. In some cases I also make the
metal heads or flanges double, and hold them together by the holes pierced, and by
the rims.
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING MITRES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Dowson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1879.
SAMUEL DOWSON, of Great Driffield, in the County of York.
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING MITRES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The improvements relate to a machine for cutting wood or other materials used
for mouldings, picture frames, or other articles, at various angles, and consist
chiefly in attaching a knife to a knife holder or cross head moved by a lever and
carried in a straight line by suitable guides, which are attached to the bed of the
machine in such a manner that the guides and therefore the line of motion of the
cutter may be placed at any desired angle. The blocks or bars to be cut are
placed in an adjustable frame or upon a table, and the knife which is forced across
the block or bar may have any ordinary shape suitable for its work and be made
detachable, so that it can easily be replaced by another knife. It is preferred to
attach the knife holder or cross head to two cylindrical rods, one on each side of the
knife, sliding in two cylindrical guides. The said lever is preferably attached to
a stud in the centre of the cross head and moved by hand, and the whole machine
constructed of metal.
PROVEMENTS IN WOOD-ENCASED METAL CASKS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Cope at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1879.
DAVID COPE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Oil Merchant.
PROVEMENTS IN WOOD-ENCASED METAL CASKS."
"IM-
My Invention relates to such casks or containers, often called drums and kegs, as
are made of metal, ordinarily of cylindrical form, and are encased in wooden bilged
staves secured by hoops.
The casks of this class heretofore used, and as the fact is, only used for a short
time, have imperfectly answered the purpose for which they were intended. They
did not allow for increase and diminution of the volume of the liquid due to
temperature; they were not provided with durable protected and trustworthy
filling and emptying appliances, and generally they did not remain tight for any
length of time, nor were they fit to withstand rough usage during transport.
Now the object of my Invention is to provide a cask which, whilst free froin the
before mentioned defects, is not costly in the first instance, nor in maintenance.
In making that modification of cask under my Invention, which I prefer, and
which I have found to answer well, I proceed in manner following:-I take a sheet
or sheets of tinned iron or steel, and form the body of cylindrical shape; I next
solder, or rivet and solder the ends in position, securing them by the U hoop
protected to me by Letters Patent, No. 2429, of the year 1860. These ends are
concentrically corrugated or well dished, so as to allow of movement outwards or
inwards when the contained liquid expands or contracts; I next secure the filling
and emptying device in the body or in one end of the vessel; if the former, it is
soldered or secured to the body and left to project just sufficiently far to avoid
touching the ground when the cask is rolled along the ground after being encased.
In practice a straight tight pipe terminating as mentioned answers very well for
bungs, but I prefer a screwed cap or plug provided with a space for sealing or
fastening up. Strengthening metal hoops are placed around the body of the metallic
vessel when desired. The wooden staves are next placed in position, being adapted
to fit tight at the chimes, and are subsequently secured by hoops in any ordinary
manner.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRINTING AND PREPARING POST OFFICE ORDERS, DRAFTS, CHEQUES, OR SIMILAR DOCUMENTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF FRAUD
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eustace Hook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1879.
EUSTACE HOOK, of Snodland, in the County of Kent, Paper Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRINTING AND PREPARING POST OFFICE ORDERS,
DRAFTS, CHEQUES, OR SIMILAR DOCUMENTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF FRAUD."
This Invention has for its object the prevention in a positive manner of the class
of fraud so often rendered possible by the simple addition to or alteration of the
figures and words usually written upon post office orders, cheques, drafts, and
documents of a similar nature. It is well known that most if not all of the ordinary
inks and writing fluids may be "washed out" by certain chemical solutions without
apparently destroying or injuring the homogeneous character of the surface of the
paper or document upon which the distinctive marks or letters have been made.
To clearly explain the nature of this Invention, and the manner in which it may
be carried into effect, I will proceed to describe how my system of positive marking
may be used in connection with the issue of post office orders, it being understood
for the purpose of this Invention that the order handed to the payer is a virtual
copy of the "advice note" officially forwarded to the office at which the order is
made payable.
Upon, say, the upper margin of both the order and advice note is printed, im-
pressed, or otherwise distinctly marked, £1, £2, £3, and so on consecutively up to £10
(which is the bighest sum for which any single order is now issued). Upon the
right hand margin of both the order and advice note is marked 1/-, 2/-, 3/-,
and so on consecutively up to 19/-, while upon the lower margin is marked
-/1, -/2, -/3, and consecutively up to -/11. Given an "order" for, say, £5 28.7d.,
said order and advice note may be written out in the ordinary manner, but to
ensure that only the correct amount shall be paid, and to prevent third parties
giving undue credit upon an order that has been tampered with, the numeral upon
the margin representing £5 is cut or stamped out, as are also the numerals repre-
senting 2/- and -/7 respectively, said numerals being entirely removed from both
the "order" and the "note," and thus designating in a positive and unalterable
manner the true amount payable.
When the order and advice note are used bookwise (as is now customary) it is
convenient that the numerals occupy the same relative position upon both sheets,

page_text: as this will enable both the "order" and the "note" to be cut or stamped out at
the same time.
I do not intend to confine myself to the particular order and position of the
numerals hereinbefore described, as it is evident modifications may be made to suit
the various requirements of cheques, drafts, and similar documents to which my 5
system or process may be applied.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROPELLING OR MOVING VEHICLES ALONG ROADS OR WAYS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Augustus Oldham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1879.
ROBERT AUGUSTUS OLDHAM, of Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer in the Public Works Department. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROPELLING OR MOVING VEHICLES ALONG ROADS OR WAYS AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
My Invention of improvements in propelling or moving vehicles along roads or
ways and apparatus therefor has for object the propelling or moving of tramcars
or other vehicles without the noise, vapour, and smoke attending the use of
locomotive steam engines.
According to my Invention I lay in or under the roadway a series of pipes or
cylinders arranged in succession or rotation and each containing a piston to which
reciprocating movement is imparted by water supplied to the cylinder under
pressure from any suitable source, as for example, water from a high pressure main
applied either directly, or it may be through water of a lower pressure.
Water
that has done duty in one cylinder may be caused to pass into and operate the
piston of the next. The pistons actuated as described are provided with rods and
connections to the vehicles to be propelled or noved, and each piston propels or
moves the vehicle till disconnected, and the connection is established between the
vehicle and the piston of the next cylinder, and so on. The stopping of the vehicle
may be effected by the opening of a valve to discharge water from the cylinder for
the time being in operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS FOR RETAINING WOOD PADS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1879.
ARTHUR JOHNSON, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Foreman Brick-
layer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS FOR RETAINING WOOD PADS."
My Invention has reference to certain improvements in bricks for retaining wood
pads, whereby I am enabled to dispense with the present wood blocks, or pads, or
wedges, which are now used for securing wood work and other fixtures in
position.
According to my Invention I make special bricks, having one or more dovetailed
recesses, into, which I fit pieces of wood, which may either stand level with the face
or corner of the brick, or they may project out according to convenience. The recess
or recesses may be made at any desired part of the brick, such as the corner, side,
or end.
By these means I am enabled to secure wood work and other fixtures to walls far
more securely than hitherto, and without driving wedges into the joints of the
brick work. It would be practically almost impossible to draw away my wood
dovetail pieces, thus giving my system great advantages over the present wood
blocks and pads, which often come out of the wall after shrinkage.
In some cases I form the dovetail recess between two bricks, which answers the
same purpose.
The wood blocks would be fitted into the bricks or between them, with the end
of the grain cut to form the dovetail, because there would be no contraction in that
direction; any contraction in other directions would rather tend to tighten the
fixture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO METALLURGY AND THEIR APPLI- CATION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brittain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1879.
HENRY BRITTAIN, of Pitsford Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO METALLURGY AND THEIR APPLI-
CATION."
My Invention consists principally of a compound deposit whereby an improved
colour is obtained with a more firm connection with the underlying substance, the
depositing includes all metals and several alloys; in order to bring the Invention to
practical effect the article for operation is made perfectly clean; I then provide an
electric apparatus, and connect it to a chemical solution in a suitable vat; the
solution consists of cyanide of potassium, sulphide of zinc, acetate of zinc, and
carbonate of ammonia dissolved in water; in using the said apparatus for electro
depositing, the solution is kept very hot, and the result, if the article acted upon is
clean, is that the deposit is much firmer, and the colour when the article is brushed
much more brilliant and durable; any suitable substances are suspended in the
usual way between plates of the metal to be deposited, the chemicals being
regulated according to their strength.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BAND SAWING MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1879.
SAMUEL WILSON, of Athlone, in the County of Westmeath, Ireland. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BAND SAWING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to improvements in band sawing machinery whereby the
same is rondered capable of sawing trees, or logs, or balks of timber of all kinds,
native or foreign, into planks, boards, scantlings, slabs, and other required forms.
In carrying out my Invention I mount by preference three pullies or drums
(although more might be employed) upon separate axes in a rigid frame which is
capable of rising and falling, and being adjusted in height upon suitable pillars or
standards. These pullies or drums which carry and impart the requisite motion to
the band saw have revolving motion given to them by means of a driving pulley
receiving motion from any convenient motive power, or by manual labor, or in any
other convenient manner, and such pullies are so arranged that the band saw in
passing between two of them runs in a horizontal direction so that the log or balk
of timber, which in accordance with this Invention is carried by a travelling table
or carriage, may pass beneath and so be cut into the desired thickness of planks,
slabs, or other forms; the necessary adjustment of the saw frame or travelling table
or carriage being the same as is now used in Finnigan's and other existing sawing
machinery, whilst the requisite tension of the band saw is obtained by a spring,
lever, or weight brought to bear upon one or more of the pullies in such a way
that the band saw is stretched at that particular place engaged in cutting the
timber.
Instead of the timber passing beneath the saw whilst running horizontally, two
of the pullies may be so arranged that the saw will run vertically between them,
and thus enable the cutting operation to be performed vertically, the travelling table
or carriage being modified accordingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STRAW SHAKERS OF THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Samuel Francis Robinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1879.
ARTHUR SAMUEL FRANCIS ROBINSON, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STRAW SHAKERS OF THRASHING MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the straw shakers of thrashing
machines.
As in ordinary straw shakers I employ several frames or "shaker boxes," as they
are called. They are arranged parallel the one to the other, and inclined somewhat
upwards from the end at which they receive the straw and grain from the thrashing
drum to that at which they deliver the straw after that by their movement the
grain has been sbaken out.
In place however of attaching the shaker boxes to cranks, as is now usual, I
connect them with the framing of the machine by spring links, and I give motion
to them by tappets on a revolving shaft, which, operating on each in succession,
thrusts them back and then allow them to fly suddenly forward.
I form the spring links of sheet steel, and I employ two such connecting links
for each shaker box. The links are beneath the shaker boxes, and are inclined in
such manner that the upper end of each link which is attached to the shaker box
is nearer to the thrashing drum than the lower end of the link which is fixed to
the frame. The flexibility of the spring links allows the shaker boxes to receive a
longitudinal movement to and fro, and as they are moved towards the thrashing
drum they also descend, whilst in returning or moving towards the delivery end
they also rise. These movements of the several shaker boxes, as in ordinary straw
shakers, cause the straw to be carried forward and ultimately delivered over the
upper ends of the shaker boxes.
An axis carrying tappet arms passes transversely across the machine beneath the
shaker, and the tappets, one to each shaker box, are arranged around it at equal
angular distances apart. The tappets carry rollers at their ends to reduce friction,
and they act upon projections or horns fixed to the under side of the shaker
boxes.
To prevent jar between the tappet and the projection arising from the play of
the springs a leather strap is provided in connection with each shaker box; it is
CD

page_text: attached at one end to the projection or horn, from which it ascends to a cross bar
or other fixture upon the shaker box. As the tappet comes round it first comes
into contact with this strained strap, and by it is lead quietly down to the end of
the projection or horn. Afterwards, when the tappet has passed, the shaker box
flies forward, throwing the straw up the incline, and it then continues vibrating
and shaking the straw until its turn comes to be again operated by the tappet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING COLORED AND SPOTTED YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gledhill, Thomas Edward Ainley,
and William Cliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st
December 1879.
JOHN GLEDHILL, of Parkwood Mills, Longwood, near Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, THOMAS EDWARD AINLEY, of Longwood, aforesaid, Stribling
Engineer, and WIlliam Cliffe, of Golear, near Huddersfield, aforesaid, Machinist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING COLORED AND SPOTTED YARN OR
THREAD."
This Invention relates to machinery for making and producing yarn of mixed
color either continuously mixed or mixed and colored at intervals, and this we
accomplish by combining two fibres of different colors previous to their arrival at
the rubbers, which are rubbed or rolled into one thread.
Our improvements consist in placing underneath the condensing machine a
series of rollers or a small carding machine having the material fed thereto by a
creeper or apron. The said material is carried forward by these revolving rollers
or small carding machine to a part of the doffer which has passed the swift of an
ordinary condensing carding machine working in connection therewith, upon
which doffer the two fibres meet, and are then carried forward together to the
rubbers to be rubbed or rolled into one thread. To make yarn of continuously
mixed colors, the doffer of the small "caider" working underneath the condensing
machine is covered with rings of card teeth, but to make a spotted yarn the
said doffer of the small "carder" has spaces left in the cards, so that bits or spots
of fibre are transferred onto the doffer of the ordinary condensing carding machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gowans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1879.
JAMES GOWANS, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain,
Contractor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS."
This Invention which relates to the construction of tramways has for its object,
firstly, to produce a tramway that will be practically free from noise or "dirl" and
hardness which is associated with the running of tramway cars on tramways laid
in cement or other hard or rigid buttoning. This object of my Invention is
achieved by laying the rails in a bed of bitumen, or bitumenous, or equivalent
elastic substance, which may or may not have cork waste, saw-dust, or other refuse
elastic material commingled therewith. The rails so laid in this elastic material
may be of a continuous girder form, or of a saddle, bridge, or double-webbed form
in transverse section. When of the latter form I prefer to run in the bitumen or
equivalent elastic substance through perforations in the sides, ends, or top grooves,
so as to form a bedding for the rails, and fill, partially or wholly, the hollow
space in the body of the rail. The joints of the said rails may be coupled by fish
plates, and bolts, and nuts, or by blocks or clasps.
The second object of this Invention is to produce of cast iron or cast steel a
bridge or double webbed rail of light structure and of greater durability than
hitherto. This object is achieved by casting the rail with transverse ribs at
intervals between the two webs, or by uniting the flanges constituting the feet
thereof with ties extending across the hollow space of the rail. The increased
durability of the rails (and this may be applied to single webbed rails) is effecter!
by chilling the upper or wearing surfaces thereof whereby their hardness and
durability is greatly increased. By means of this construction of tramway rails
lighter sections of such rails are enabled to be got, as well as sections different
from those which are obtained by the operations of rolling.
The third object of this Invention is to prevent the rutting of the edges of
tramway rails which occurs under the existing systems of construction. This
object is effected by placing beside the rails hollow side pieces or blocks which are
level at their top surface with the road or the tread of the rail, and are roughened
at their said top surfaces. These side pieces or blocks may be either in continuous
D11

page_text: lengths, or they may be in short lengths, and arranged alternately on either side of
the rails. They may be cast on the rails, or they may be separate pieces fixed or
laid alongside. They may be of chilled cast iron or steel, or other suitable material.
Some of them may, for instance, be of stone, or any other durable substance,
arranged with the iron and steel ones in the order, say for example, of two of the
latter and one of the former.
AN IMPROVED PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHIC PROCESS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Borland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1879.
ALEXANDER BORLAND, of Stockport, in the County of Chester. "AN IMPROVED
PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHIC PROCESS."
The object of this Invention is to produce a photograph with a peculiar
granulated surface upon which the artist can draw in lithographic chalk (using the
photograph as the basis of his work) and then by transferring such drawing onto
stone, to obtain by this combination of photography with lithography, a printing
surface capable of yielding proofs by the ordinary lithographic printing process
first coat any good smooth surfaced paper with a solution of starch, corn starch
being preferred. When dry I recont this with a solution of starch and gum
tragacanth in about equal proportions, to which is added a sufficient quantity of
glycerine to prevent it from drying too hard or brittle. This coating is to be dried
and then sensitized by a solution of bichromate of potash, or bichromate of
ammonia, in the way well known to photographers, and when dry the required
subject is to be printed thereon by exposure to light in the usual manner under an
ordinary photographic negative. After printing it is to be thoroughly washed to
remove all the bichromate which has not been acted upon by the light. I then
place the print between blotting paper to remove all superflous moisture, and pin it
onto a suitable frame or board so that it will dry perfectly flat.
When dry the result is a photograph of the required subject upon paper which
owing to the coating previously applied, has a peculiar granulated surface with a
"bite" or "tooth" as it is technically termed, which will readily take hold of the
lithographic chalk. This photograph is now handed over to the artist who makes
the drawing with lithographic chalk upon the prepared paper, using the photograph
as a basis, and adding such figures, lines, lettering, or other things as he may desire,
or leaving out any parts not required.
This chalk drawing is then to be transferred onto stone and printed from in the
usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED AS DISINFECTANTS, DEODORISERS, AND ANTISEPTICS, AS WELL AS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF PARASITES INFESTING MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Vine Tuson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1879.
RICHARD VINE TUSON, of the Royal Veterinary College, G. College Street,
Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Professor of Chemistry. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED AS DISINFECTANTS,
DEODORISERS, AND ANTISEPTICS, AS WELL AS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF PARASITES
INFESTING MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in the production of mixtures or combinations made by
impregnating to saturation, or to any minor degree, carbolic acid, cresylic acid,
creasote, amylic, alcohol, or fousel oil, or a mixture or mixtures of these substances
either in a pure or in a commercial state with sulphurous acid gas.
For disinfecting purposes I prefer to employ a preparation made by passing
sulphurous acid gas into liquid carbolic until the latter is saturated.
For the destruction of parasites, such as the acarcus on sheep affected with the
discase known as "scab," I prefer to use a mixture of about equal parts of carbolic
acid and fousel oil saturated with sulphurous acid gas; the resulting preparation
when used as a parasiticide being mixed with convenient quantities of lard, tallow,
or other fatty or unctuous substance, so as to produce an ointment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES FOR BLASTING PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Barnes, of Ulverston, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES
FOR BLASTING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 12th December 1879, and dated the 21st August 1879.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Barnes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1879.
EDMUND BARNES, of Ulverston, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES FOR BLASTING PURPOSES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
According to this Invention I make cartridges for blasting purposes in an improved
form and mode of manufacture, all as hereinafter described.
I form the cartridge with a central circular, oval, or square hole through and with
a notch recessed across one end; the fuse is passed through the central hole, and the
The outside of
end of it either split or turned up to one side rests in the notch.
the cartridge may be formed with one or more straight or spiral shallow grooves for
furthering the ignition.
These cartridges are manufactured as hereinafter described, and by preference by
means of the following machinery I construct a hydraulic press of very little height,
the ram and follower having only a stroke of between, say one and two inches. On
the follower I arrange one or more, say. two, mould blocks made to slide into
dovetail or other grooves, and formed with rows of cartridge moulds, that is, holes
right through of the diameter of the cartridges; in each of these moulds or holes I
fit a removable disc with an upright central spindle or peg of the size of the hole to
be formed through the cartridge; on this peg I drop a loose cross bar or piece
of the form of the notch to be formed in the end of the cartridge. The head of the
press is fitted with exactly corresponding pistons or rams, each having a central hole
corresponding to the peg in the mould.

page_text: The mould blocks removed from the follower are first placed on a thin plate, the
aforesaid discs with pegs are then dropped into the moulds, and I then drop the
loose cross bars on the pegs, the powder is then put in on the top thereof. I then
drop a loose washer or disc on each peg being just flush with the top of the mould
block (or this part of the process may be dispensed with); the plate with the
charged mould block is then placed on a ledge on the press and the mould block slid
off the thin plate and into its grooves or place on the follower. When the hydraulic
ram rises the pistons on the head enter the moulds, compressing the charges theroin
to the required density.
The block is then removed from the press, and the compressed cartridges removed
therefrom. The cross piece for forming the notch being loose enables the com-
pressed cartridge to be removed with ease.
The hole in the cartridge may be made only partly through, in which case the
length of the pegs on the discs would be lessened in accordance therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE MEANS OF SOLDERING OF CAST IRON WITH OTHER METALS, OF IRON TOGETHER, OF STEEL TOGETHER, AND OF IRON WITH STEEL AND OTHER METALS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jules Laffitte at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1879.
JEAN JULES LAFFITTE, Taillandier, 29, Rue de la Pepinère, à Bordeaux (France).
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE MEANS OF SOLDERING OF CAST IRON
WITH OTHER METALS, OF IRON TOGETHER, OF STEEL TOGETHER, AND OF IRON WITH
STEEL AND OTHER METALS."
The soldering together by heat of iron, or of steel, of iron and steel, of steel or
of iron with cast iron, always offers great difficulties, and notwithstanding the
capacity of the operator these operations give place to considerable difficulties in the
manipulation. From personal experience it has been recognised that the constant
obstacle to efficient soldering is the presence of foreign matters between the surfaces
to be soldered, and particularly the oxides of the metals.
A complete removal of the oxide thoroughly cleanses these inaterials and gives to
the soldering an absolute adherence. The question in the inception of this
Invention then is to find a practical means to obtain a sure deoxidizing effect; for
this a special solvent or fluxing and deoxidizing material is prepared, which gives
complete success.
As means for applying this material between the surfaces to be soldered, the fluxing
matter is mixed and spread either on a sheet of cartoon or paper or on a sheet of
textile material of this or that kind, or on a metallic sheet of iron, steel, copper, or
on sheet iron, either perforated or not, with fine holes. A piece of this prepared
material of sufficient size, whether sheet or plate, is introduced between the parts
to be soldered, which are then heated to the required degree, and there will
invariably be obtained a complete and solid soldering of the parts.
The brazing of copper and of its alloys is carried out in the same manner with the
sheet iron or the metallic sheet. The plates, which serve as the vehicle for the
introduction of the soldering flux and deoxidizer between the surfaces, may be of
any kind provided that it fulfils the desired end.
The main object of the Invention is the preparation and employment of the said
plates, which provides for the carrying out of an important improvement in
soldering metals together.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS & SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Steward Rowland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1879.
STEWARD ROWLAND, of Stafford, in the County of Stafford, Shoe Maker.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS & SHOES."
«IM-
This Invention refers to an improved method of introducing cork into the soles.
of boots and shoes, so that the elasticity of the cork may be preserved and its
tendency to become stiff and rigid by wear and weather may be avoided. With
this view I cut out the insole in nearly all its width from the toe to the waist,
leaving a sufficient margin all round the cutting, into which margin the sewing
I then cut out a plate
pegs or screws will work in making up the boot or shoe.
of the cork of the form and size of the cutting in the insole, and placing the cork
in the cutting I attach at the back of both cork and insole a piece of thin leather
or other suitable material to keep the parts in place without fixing the cork in
the insole; thus the cork is always free, and without thickening the sole at all
renders the boot or shoe impervious to wet, whilst it is at the same time uninjured
by sewing or other mode of attachment, and taking the place of a portion of the
insole makes the boot or shoe much lighter.
The cork being free is also much less liable to crack in wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTT, BACK-FLAP, AND OTHER HINGES MADE FROM WROUGHT IRON OR OTHER ROLLED METAL."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1879.
THOMAS JONES, of Sedgley, in the County of Stafford, Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTT, BACK-FLAP, AND OTHER HINGES MADE FROM
WROUGHT IRON OR OTHER ROLLED METAL."
The iron or other metal from which the hinges are to be inade is rolled in a strip
with a bead or enlarged part of the required section along each edge to form the
metal for the joint or eye of the hinge, the said iron or other metal being gradually
reduced in thickness in cross-section from the beads or enlarged parts to the middle
of the strip, the inclined faces thus formed (and each the width of a flap) being on
the same side of the strip as are the beads. The iron or other metal is thus rolled
to the section of two flaps, or the iron or other metal may be rolled with a bead or
enlarged part up the middle, the strip being gradually reduced in thickness in
cross-section from the bead to the edge on each side, the inclined faces thus formed
(and each the width of a flap) being on the same side of the strip as is the bead. In
this case a niche or groove may be formed under the bead to produce the rounded
edge of the back, or the iron or other metal may be rolled in plates with several
parallel beads or enlarged parts rolled thereupon, and the metal reduced in thickness
gradually to the middle between each pair of beads, the outer edges finishing either
as beads or reduced edges; in this case also niches or grooves may be rolled under
the beads to produce the rounded edges for the backs. The separate parts of the
hinges, including the joint parts, are pressed or stamped cold out of the iron or other
metal rolled in any manner as aforesaid. The holes for the hinge-pins are drilled
and the ends countersunk; and the pins are riveted up at each end; the hinges are
then finished in the usual manner.
Tee and other hinges having an extension to one or both flaps have the joint and
flaps made as before described; the extended parts of such hinges may be rolled
solid with the enlarged parts and flaps, and pressed or stamped out therewith, or
they may be welded thereto.
Hinges made as before described are much stronger and more perfect than those
made in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREENS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH DOMESTIC STOVES AND GRATES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Slater at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1879.
ALEXANDER SLATER, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester.
IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCREENS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTION WITH
DOMESTIC STOVES AND GRATES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of screens for
domestic stoves and grates for the purpose of covering the same when not in use,
and whilst allowing of the ornamentation of the screens in any desired manner,
such improvements render the latter available for the purpose of ventilation.
The body of the screen is constructed of wood, metal, or any other suitable
material or materials, the shape and size thereof being made to correspond with the
particular stove or grate to which it is to be applied. The said screen is provided
with a number of apertures or perforations for the passage of air to and from the
chimney, such apertures or perforations when desired being provided with
regulators (which may be of any known and suitable construction) for the purpose
of increasing or diminishing the size of the same, and thereby facilitating the
regulation of the extent of ventilation. For the purposes of ornament the exterior
surface of the screen, which is provided with a border, has arranged thereon in any
desired manner mirrors, ornamental plaques, shelves, or brackets for holding flowers
and other articles, and may when required have devices incised or cut therein or
painted thereon.
When the screen is to be employed in smoking rooms a gas tube is passed
through from the back, and the end thereof is provided with a suitable burner.
The screens are in some cases fitted with transparencies of coloured glass or
other suitable material, a light or lights being arranged in the stove or grate
behind in order to obtain the desired effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS COMBINED WITH CARTS OR OTHER VEHICLES FOR DISTRIBUTING SAND, GRAVEL, OR OTHER MATERIALS ON TO TRAMWAYS OR OTHER ROADS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Barstow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1879.
HENRY WILLIAM BARSTOW, of 27, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS COMBINED WITH CARTS OR OTHER VEHICLES FOR
DISTRIBUTING SAND, GRAVEL, OR OTHER MATERIALS ON TO TRAMWAYS OR OTHER
ROADS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus combined with carts
or other vehicles for distributing sand, gravel, or other materials on to tramways
and other roads.
For this purpose upon the axis of the travelling wheels (fixed on the axle) of a
cart or other vehicle containing the sand, gravel, or other materials to be distributed
a cog wheel is mounted which takes into and drives a toothed pinion supported in
bearings below the bottom of the cart or vehicle. A crank pin on the pinion gives
a reciprocating motion by means of a connecting rod to a box or receptacle with a
perforated bottom at the tail or back end of the cart, the distributing box being
suspended by a spring, or otherwise attached to the cart or conveyance.
The sand, gravel, or other material is delivered into the distributing box or
chamber from the body of the cart or vehicle through a hinged door at the back
end, the body of the cart or vehicle being arranged with an inclined surface, so
that the sand, gravel, or other material may slide freely therefrom.
The arrangement and position of the apparatus may be varied without departing
from the nature of my Invention.