matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING DOOR FASTENERS FOR RAILWAY WAGONS AND CARRIAGES, OR ANY OTHER KIND OF DOORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Heald, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1871.
I, JOSEPH HEALD, junior, of the Firm of Baxendale and Heald, of
Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, Wagon Builder and Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED SELF-ACTING DOOR FASTENERS FOR RAILWAY WAGONS AND CARRIAGES,
OR ANY OTHER KIND OF DOORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved self-acting fastener for doors,
which on the closing of any door where such are fixed such door
becomes firmly secured.
These fasteners will be specially valuable for railway wagons and
carriages, and are constructed in the following manner:-On the inside
closing edge of a door hinged at top, bottom, or side I form the door
band or plate of metal with a circular end. Immediately opposite such
I fix a dropper or slide bolt, the end of which is bevel hooked. This
dropper or slide bolt is made to slide in a single or double eared staple.
At the back of this dropper or slide bolt I place a plate against which it

page_text: works; this dropper or slide bolt is made of such a shape that when the
staple is screwed over it it cannot be removed "but is made to slide
freely."
When closing the door the before-mentioned door band or plate comes
against the bevil hooked end of the dropper or slide bolt, which has the
effect of forcing it out of its place, allowing such door to close, when
such dropper or slide bolt immediately springs back, thus fastening such
door by a self action. When the door is hung from the bottom, such
is effected by the dropper's own weight, "but when the door is hung on
the side or at top " then I apply a spring or other equivalent to replace
such bolt.
The door is unfastened by hand, that is, by sliding the bolt back as in
all ordinary fastenings for doors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES KNOWN AS TRAVELLING FIRE-BAR FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Davies and James
Eckersley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th October 1871.
We, BENJAMIN DAVIES and JAMES ECKERSLEY, both of Blackrod, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES KNOWN AS
TRAVELLING FIRE-BAR FURNACES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class of furnace for steam boilers known
as rotary or travelling fire-bar furnaces, wherein the fuel is carried
forward into the flues by an endless chain of fire-bars passing over
rollers or drums.
These furnaces have always hitherto been placed in a flue or flues of
the boiler, and the great objection to them has been that the lower or
returning half of the chain of bars passing through the ash-pit has
greatly obstructed the admission of air to the fuel, and hence the com-
bustion of the latter has not been perfect, and consequently the
generation of steam has not been so rapid or effectual as it should be
in proportion to the amount of fuel consumed. Various attempts have

page_text: from time to time been made to remedy this defect, but in all of them
to the best of our knowledge and belief the chain of fire-bars, or a
great portion thereof, has been placed in the fluo or flues, and hence the
result has only been partially successful.
"
Our Invention consists in removing the chain of fire-bars entirely
from the flue or flues of the boiler, and placing it in a separate chamber
or oven made of fire-brick and placed outside the end of the boiler, so
that any required amount of air can be admitted to the fuel, and the
whole of the interior of the flue or flues is made available for heating
surface.
The use of this exterior chamber or oven, wherein to place the chain
of fire-bricks will not only be to greatly economize the amount of fuel
required by effecting a more perfect combustion and consuming all the
smoke, but the generation of steam will be much more rapidly effected
than in furnaces of this class constructed in the ordinary manner.
]
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Cowling Welch at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th March 1871.
I, EDWARD JOHN COWLING WELCH, of Eden Street, Hampstead Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in such steam engines
as have their cylinders placed parallel to each other with a steam chest
between them. In such cases it has been usual to construct the
cylinders and steam chest in separate parts which are afterwards con-
nected, but this Invention consists in forming the cylinders in one
casting, the cylinders being cast in one operation and the steam chest
afterwards bored out; the latter is of a circular section, and the faces
of the slide valves are rounded to fit the curve of the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ENSURING BETTER CONTROL OVER HORSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Serre at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1871. A communication from abroad by Pierre Chagnaud, of
Mombus, in the Arrondissement of Bergerac, Dordogne, France.
I, ACHILLE SERRE, of Sannois, in the Department of Seine-et-Oisc,
France, but at present of Mayfield Terrace, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR ENSURING BETTER CONTROL
OVER HORSES," a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Chagnaud,
of Mombus, in the Arrondissement of Bergerac, Dordogne, France, to
be as follows :-
.
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for stopping runaway horses, whereby the rider or driver is enabled to
obtain complete control over the horse without in any way paining or
injuring the animal.
For this purpose the "bit" is provided with an extra bar extending
across from one “cheek" to the other. This bar carries two rollers

page_text: working on suitable shafts or axes fixed in projections carried by the
said bar, so as to separate one roller from the other. Over these rollers
are passed two straps or their equivalants, which are connected firmly at
one end to the "belly band," whilst the other ends pass one on each side
of the animals neck up to a suitable position to be grasped by the rider
or driver, where they are also by preference connected together as reins.
If desired instead of having two rollers for the straps to pass over only
one may be employed, but the arrangement above described is preferred.
By these means whenever a horse cannot readily be stopped or
controlled by the ordinary reins the straps or reins passing around the 1
before-mentioned pulley or pulleys may be used, whereby the horse's
head will be pulled down more or less near to its chest, and complete
control thereby obtained over the animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING METALLIC ANTIMONY AND IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Frazer Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1871.
I, ROBERT FRAZER SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING METALLIC ANTIMONY AND IN THE PROCESS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which has for its object the separation of antimony
from the matrix and impurities with which it is combined as an ore, and
the obtainment of the antimony in the metallic state, or in the state
sometimes known as regulus of antimony, consists in cases where the
matrix amounts to but a small proportion of the ore in first pulverising
it. The pulverised ore is then placed in wooden vats which contain
heated hydrochloric acid, and the reaction of the acid upon the antimonic
ore results in the antimony being dissolved, thus producing chloride of
antimony, the sulpher driven off as sulphuretted hydrogen, whilst the
matrix or other earths or insoluble impurities not acted upon by the acid
remain as a sediment. The chloride of antimony is then drawn off into
other vats wherein it is acted upon by zinc or iron being introduced.

page_text: The liquid whilst in the vat last referred to is maintained by preference
at or near to the boiling temperature. The reaction of the antimonic
chloride upon either the iron or zinc causes the antimony to be pre-
cipitated and the formation of chloride of iron or chloride of zinc. After
the reaction now last referred to the precipitate is allowed to settle and
the chloride of iron or zinc drawn off, and when the precipitate is washed
it is ready for being pressed or solidified into blocks or cakes, which are
desiccated, melted in crucibles under charcoal, and cast into ingots.
In cases where the matrix forms a considerable portion of the ore the
metal is first separated from the matrix by fusion, after which it is
treated in the manner herein-before described.
'
IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES, PIPES, OR HOSE, PARTLY. APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PROTECTING SEA WALLS OR SHORES, AND RIVER BANKS, AND FOR RECLAIMING LOST FORESHORES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jürgen Petersen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1871.
I, JÜRGEN PETERSEN, of Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, in the Kingdom
of Denmark, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OF PROTECTING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH CABLES, PIPES, OR HOSE,
PARTLY. APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PROTECTING SEA WALLS OR SHORES, AND RIVER
BANKS, AND FOR RECLAIMING LOST FORESHORES," to be as follows:—
'
"
-
=
N
+
1.
To protect the shore ends or other parts of submarine telegraph
cables and submerged pipes or hose from abrasion or wear caused by
the action of the water when laid on uneven or rocky ground, I enclose
the same in a covering of spiral wires twisted together or interlaced
so as to form an elastic covering of which the cable or pipe forms.
..
Li

page_text: In this manner the sea shore and river banks may not only be
protected, but fresh ground formed by the matters accumulating in the
artificial bushes which become gradually consolidated therein, and thus
enable lost foreshore to be reclaimed. The spiral wires may be formed
by separating the strands of old wire ropes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MIXTURES EMPLOYED IN THe Manufacture OF CLAY AND PLUMBAGO CRUCIBLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Clifford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1871.
I, GEORGE CLIFFORD, of 37, Rue Condorcet, in the City of Paris,
in France, Analytical Chymist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE MIXTURES
EMPLOYED IN THe Manufacture OF CLAY AND PLUMBAGO CRUCIBLES,' to be
as follows:-
"
My Invention consists of an improvement in clay or plumbago
crucibles by the addition of emery, corumdum, or other forms of an-
hydrous alumina to the mixture usually employed in manufacturing
these crucibles; such additions to be employed either with or without
the presence of graphite, plumbago, coke, or other forms of carbon. The
proportions of anhydrous alumina which I propose generally to use
is about thirty per cent. dependent upon the proportions of other
bodies.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS, CHAIN CABLES, AND CHAINS FOR SUSTAINING WEIGHTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Betteley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1871.
I, Joseph BETTELEY, of 54, Lime Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANCHORS, CHAIN CABLES, AND CHAINS FOR
SUSTAINING WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming and making bricks of bar iron or
steel that in its manufacture shall have a number of bars laid one upon
the other forming a pile. These are heated and rolled in a section, so as
to denote the line of lammination. I bend such iron or steel into the
form of a link or links in a direct line of lamination, that the top and
bottom bar or both, which I prefer of steel, of each pile shall form the
inner and outer side of every link. I also form links of iron or steel
bars of an oval or oblong section, so as to give the broadest surface of
the iron or steel to the inner and outer sides of the link. I weld the
links at the side or end, as most convenient, into continuous links
forming a chain cable or other chain; by this means I obtain great
strength, and the chain is not so liable to snap from sudden strains.

page_text: Improvements in anchors of the form or anchors with double falling
arms consists in making such anchors with double shanks formed of two
bars, having an eye at the end suitable to receive the arm, and are kept
apart or connected by means of bolts or fitting pieces or hoops; when
forming arms I weld a toggle on them, which when acting limits the
turning to an angle. The two shanks are placed on to the arms one on
cach side of the solid toggle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAIRS, SOFAS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CABINET FURNITURE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Pollock and John
Pollock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1871.
We, MATTHEW POLLOCK and JOHN POLLOCK, both of Beith, in the
County of Ayr, North Britain, Cabinet and Chair Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAIRS, SOFAS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES OF CABINET FURNITURE," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to improvements in machinery or
apparatus employed in the manufacture of chairs, sofas, and other
articles of cabinet furniture, consists of machinery for boring the
dowel holes in the backs and top rails of chairs, sofas, and other similar
articles of cabinet furniture, and for cross cutting the timber at the
joints of the backs and top rails.
That part of the mechanism by which the dowel holes are bored
consists of boring bits carried upon compound slides for adjusting their
position, and they are adjusted so as to bore the dowel holes both in the
back legs and top rails to exactly correspond with each other, thus

page_text: avoiding the necessity of boring these portions by hand, as hitherto;
boring bits being situated at both ends of the revolving spindles, the
holes in the top rails and back legs may be bored simultaneously or
successively, and in order to finish the joints of the top rail with the
back legs the parts forming the joint are cross cut by the remaining part 5
of the mechanism, which consists of a table having two points slightly
elevated above its surface, and situated in grooves formed therein, so
as to be capable of adjustment to any distance apart to correspond with
the width of the backs of different patterns of chairs. When the
back of the chair is being cross cut by the saws the limbs of the back 1
of the chair are laid upon the points or studs herein-before described,
whilst a bracket is arranged upon the table carrying a holdſfast having
double palms so situated as to press upon the limbs of the chair in
directly the same vertical plane with the points themselves, whereby
when the cross cutting is being effected the back of the chair is 1
prevented from being, twisted, and thus a perfectly even joint is
produced.
It is to be understood that although the foregoing mechanism is
described as operating upon the pieces of a chair it is also applied to
the dowelling and jointing of sofas and other articles of cabinet work
or furniture having a sweeped shape or form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFORMING OR CONVERTING CHASSEPOT AND OTHER BREECH- LOADING GUNS OF A SIMILAR KIND
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Coburn Wilson at the'.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1871.-A communication from abroad by General'
Hiram Berdan, of the City of New York, in the United States of
America, but now resident at Saint Petersburgh, in the Empire of
Russia.
-
I, GEORGE COBURN WILSON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFORMING OR CONVERTING CHASSEPOT AND OTHER BREECH-
LOADING GUNS OF A SIMILAR KIND,” to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a contrivance or method whereby chambers
of Chassepot, and other breech-loading guns of the same kind, where
the said chambers are originally made to hold a long paper cartridge,
may be transformed into guns in which a metallic cartridge instead
of the said paper cartridge be employed. This I effect by inserting a
metallic tube into the rear end of the barrel, and holding the said.
tube in position by covering the rear end, or a part of the rear end
thereof, with a part of the shoulder of the receiver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASPHALT AND ASPHALTINE AND BITUMINOUS CEMENTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1871.
I, JAMES WRIGHT; of 12, Copthall Court,. Throgmorton Street, in
the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ASPHALT AND
ASPHALTINE AND BITUMINOUS CEMENTS," to be as follows,, that is to say:
I take tar, or tarry matter, or raw petroleum,, or naptha, or naptha
and pretoleum residues, or compounds consisting of these matters, and
incorporate them thoroughly with any natural or artificial mixture of
clay and lime, or argillaceous lime,, either ferruginous or non-ferruginous;
the proportions may vary according to the character of the cement to be.
produced, but I prefer as a normal-mixture two-thirds of argillaceous
lime to one-third of the other matters.. I then place the incorporated.
mixture in a suitable vessel or apparatus, such that when proper heat is.
applied distillation may take place, the volatile products are drawn off:
and treated in the usual manner, the residue will be asphalt or asphal--
tine or bituminous cement, which is removed from the still or apparatus.

page_text: in the usual manner, and after being cooled is, if for cement, ground
into a powder. A smaller proportion of tarry or such like matters and a
higher temperature will be required for the asphaltine or bituminous
cement than for the asphalt itself.
Instead of incorporating the argillaceous lime and the tarry matters
before distillation, separate vessels may be used, one for distilling the
tarry matter, and the other for holding the argillaceous lime, these are
connected with each other, the distillatory process is carried on as before
but the argillaceous lime is in this case simply permeated and impreg-
nated with the volatile gasses.
If pitch is used the distillatory process is omitted; the pitch is
thoroughly mixed with a quantity of heavy oil which has had the
carbolic acid previously removed from it, and then added to and properly
incorporated with the argillaceous lime or marl.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Harris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1871.
I, JOSIAH HARRIS, of No. 8, Old Jewry, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows (that is to say):
:-
This Invention consists in enamelling the tubes of steam boilers so as
to prevent the formation of incrustations on the surfaces thereof. For
this purpose I employ any well-known description of enamel which in
practice may be found to answer the purpose, but I prefer to use that
description known as glass or silica enamel which is put on the article
to be enamelled in the form of a paste or semifluid and fixed by sub-
jecting the article so coated to the required degree of heat or by any of
the well-known methods used for fixing such enamels. The tubes are
enamelled either on their interior or exterior surfaces according to the
nature of the boiler in which they are intended to be used, that is to say,
according to whether the water will come into contact with their interior
or exterior surfaces when they are in position, that side to be acted upon
by the water being the side enamelled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORK-SOLED BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Podmore and John
Podmore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st June 1871.
We, RICHARD PODMORE and JOHN PODMORE, both of Stafford, in the
County of Stafford, Boot and Shoe Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CORK-SOLED BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to effect improvements in the manufacture
of cork-soled boots and shoes, for males, females, or children, by
obviating the necessity for using a second inner sole, (which adds to
the weight and not the wear of the boots and shoes,) as in the case of
the trench or verity cork-soled boots and shoes; also for effecting
improvements upon the hand stitched box corked-soled boots and shoes
generally.
The process of manufacture is as follows:-After the boot or shoe top
or upper is fitted to the last, or as it is technically called or termed in
the trade "lasted" to the insole, the ran (which is the outer covering
of the box containing the cork) is braced or tingled to the boot or shoe
top or upper. A box, which consists of an outer framework of solid

page_text: -
leather containing the cork sole, and which box may be prepared and
fitted to any size or extent required, is then secured by rivets or pegs to
the lower part of the ran and to the top or upper and insole; the ran
is then turned over so as to cover the edges of the box, and is then
tingled or braced to the box itself. A middle sole or welt (and which
may be dispensed with if required,) previously stitched round the outer
edge, so as to imitate the upper or outer part of the outer sole of an
ordinarily hand sewn or stitched cork-soled boot or shoe is then placed
and fastened upon the enclosed box, and upon this the outer sole is
then placed and fitted, or upon the ran, the middle sole or welt can be
dispensed with without injury to the boot or shoe, and will add to the
lightness of the boot, and is then sewn right through the sole sewing
by machine in the ordinary way.
The advantages to be derived from our improved manufacture will be
that the boots and shoes can be made cheaper, neater, lighter, more
durable, more easily repaired, and they will be more comfortable, and
particularly adapted to keep the feet perfectly dry and warm, and by the
peculiarity of their construction the strain is taken off and the ran is
not liable to fail during wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BLEACHING POWDER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Glover and Alfred Good-
man at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd May 1871.
We, JOHN GLOVER, of Wallsend, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, Chemical
Manufacturer, and ALFRED GOODMAN, of Walker, near Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BLEACHING POWDER," to be as follows:
―
This Invention relates to a mechanical arrangement for turning over-
and furrowing the powder or lime in the manufacture of chloride of lime,.
commonly called bleaching powder, during the process of manufac-.
ture and while the chlorine is acting on the lime, whereby incrustation
is to a considerable extent prevented, a greater result in the quantity of
bleaching powder manufactured in a given area of chamber is obtained,
the bleaching powder produced is more homogeneous, an economy in
chlorine gas is effected, whilst at the same time increased comfort to the
workman is ensured. This arrangement, which is easy of application to
most of the ordinary existing bleaching powder chambers, consists of a
traversing frame carrying a number of ploughs or other stirrers, which
frame, with its ploughs or stirrers, either suitably supported or resting

page_text: on the floor of the chamber is traversed to and fro by any suitable
mechanical arrangement. The ploughs or stirrers thus keep the powder
constantly furrowed or turned over during the time it is under the action
of the chlorine, thereby greatly facilitating and expediting such action.
Although we have described a set of ploughs or stirrers travelling in
the chamber, it is obvious that other well-known arrangements of stirrers
may be applied for producing the required result.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLID TRIBASIC PHOSPHATE OF AMMONIA, APPLICABLE FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
6th November 1871.-A communication from abroad by Lucien
Henri Blanchard, Chemist, Ivar Bang, Chemist, and Louis Léon
Henri Provost, Manufacturer, all of 13, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLID TRIBASIC PHOSPHATE OF
AMMONIA, APPLICABLE FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new chemical product,
This salt, which has
viz., of a solid tribasic phosphate of ammonia.
been hitherto unknown (Ph O³, 3Az ÏÏ³O), is applicable for various
purposes, and for example more particularly as a purifying agent in
the manufacture of sugar.
This salt may be produced in various ways, and the following appears
to be the most simple and practical, viz., by pouring ammonia in a
more or less concentrated condition into a clear concentrated solution

page_text: marking 30 or 35 degrees Beaumé) of acid (or bibasic) phosphate of
ammonia a tribasic combination is produced, and the salt obtained
being but slightly soluble becomes precipitated. The liquids are then
extracted from the salt either by the aid of an hydraulic press or by
other suitable means.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MATCHES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Alexandre Crosnier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st March 1871:
I, ERNEST ALEXANDRE CROSNIER, of Paris, France, but at present
of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MATCHES,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention refers to matches which will not ignite by friction
upon any thing but a surface specially prepared for the purpose, and
the Invention consists in placing the igniting composition upon the
external surface of a tube, knob, cap, or other protuberance into which
the end of the splint or match opposite to that carrying the igniting
composition is inserted, (or the igniting material may be placed in a
piece of material struck to the match or at the end of the match itself
which may be broken off to strike the match, or one match may be
struck against the other) so that to strike and light a match it is
necessary to first withdraw the splint or match from the tube, knob,
cap, or other protuberance before it can be struck on the igniting

page_text: composition on the surface thereof. The tube, knob, cap, or other
protuberance may be made of any convenient material, such as wood,
cardboard, or paper, upon the surface of which the composition is placed.
By making matches in the manner aforesaid, I am able to dispense with
the use of boxes to hold them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION AND USE OF CERTAIN FIBRES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joachim John Monteiro at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th October 1871.
I, JOACHIM JOHN MONTEIRO, of Ampthill Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION AND USE OF CERTAIN FIBRES
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use of the fibres
obtained from what is known as the Adamsonian digitata for the
production of textile fabrics.
In carrying out my Invention I firstly free such fibres from the
vegetable and other matters with which they may be contaminated by
means either of suitable rollers, beaters, or scutching apparatus, and if
necessary submit the same to a washing or bleaching process.

page_text: The fibres thus obtained may be employed for textile purposes either
in their bleached or unbleached condition, and either alone or in con-
junction with other fibrous materials, and these fibres may be either
carded, spun, or woven by the ordinary machinery and processes now
employed for the carding, spinning, and weaving of hemp, jute, flax, or
cotton, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARING OR CUTTING THE WOOL OR HAIR OF ANIMALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1871.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Baptisto Marie Prosper Closson, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEARING OR CUTTING THE WOOL OR HAIR OF
ANIMALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," a communication from
abroad by Jean Baptiste Marie Prosper Closson, of Paris, in the Re-
public of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of clipper or shearing tool
for clipping horses, shearing sheep and other like uses, and to the mode
of actuating the same.
The said clipper consists of a circular knife or saw combined with a
comb held in a convenient frame or portable holder, and revolving
continuously at a sufficiently high velocity to produce the desired cutting
action by the aid of compressed air, which is compressed by any well-

page_text: known arrangement in a convenient magazine and supplied by a flexiblo
tube to a rotatory engine of a simple construction, say to the axis itself
of the circular cutter so as to drive it directly, or it may be mounted on
the frame of the cutter and drive it indirectly by means of gearing.
This rotatory engine may be of various forms as is well understood, it
being simply essential that the passage of a current of air therethrough
shall cause it to rotate; for example, the simplest form would consist of a
small helical or volute shaped tube, through which the compressed air
would issue, and by so doing would not only impart a rotatory motion to
the same, but would blow away the hair, and thus prevent the clogging 1
or choking of the cutter.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CLIP OR FILE FOR BILLS AND PAPERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Schlesinger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Augustus
Arnold Schlesinger, of the City of New York, in the United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM JAMES SCHLESINGER, of Union Court, Old Broad Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CLIP OR FILE FOR BILLS AND PAPERS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Augustus Arnold Schlesinger, of the City
of New York, in the United States of America, to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a new or improved clip or file for bills and
papers, the object of the Invention being to effect a secure spring
pressure on documents intended to be preserved for reference, and to
avoid the necessity of piercing the papers.
The clip or file consists of a slab or plate of suitable material, either
wood, metal, porcelain, or other substance, composition, or material, of
an oblong form; and at two points nearly close to the medial transverse
line of the base plate, and on each side of the slab or plate, two spaces

page_text: are cut out for the purpose of receiving the helical coils of springs, the
extremities of which are secured to the plate or slab by means of per-
forations, through which the wires are passed and then turned down, so
as to form holdfasts for the springs, which are then continued along the
sides and over the plate to form the clip and press the documents down
on the slab or plate by means of the extension of the wire from spring to
spring in longitudinal and horizontal lines.
By these arrangements a series of bills or papers may be placed on the
flush surface of the plate, and held at each end by the spring clips.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER SEEDS, AND TO REMOVE THE COTTON ADHERING TO CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF SEED FOR FURTHER OPERATIONS OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bowsher Webb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1871.
I, HENRY BOWSHER WEBB, of No. 4, Charlton Park Terrace, Old
Charlton, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER SEEDS, AND TO REMOVE THE COTTON ADHERING TO
CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF SEED FOR FURTHER OPERATIONS OR OTHERWISE,' to
be as follows:
"
The object of my Invention is principally to remove the cotton
adhering to certain descriptions of seed, and thus prepare the seed
for further operation or otherwise; and my Invention consists of a
rotatory machine placed longitudinally at an angle or vertically. The
cylinder is formed of rings of wood, or iron, or other material, and is
covered with a wire gauze; inside the same I place another cylinder or
drum, which is covered also with wire and is made to revolve at

page_text: considerable speed in either a reverse from or similar direction with
the outside cylinder, the seed being made to pass into the annular space
between the said two cylinders, and to discharge itself at the lower end
by known ordinary means, where or elsewhere a fan or exhaust or both
are fixed in order to remove the loose cotton.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO BROOCHES, BRACELETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Littlehales at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1871.
I, Alfred LitTLEHALES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO BROOCHES, BRACELETS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to an improved joint by which
a locket may be opened and closed, and is intended as a substitute for
the ordinary hinge on the locket. My improved joint consists sub-
stantially in a piece of metal attached to one or both of the sides of the
locket, the said piece or pieces of metal being so shaped as to allow
a pin to be passed through them, and so constituting the axis upon
which the two sides are to work.

page_text: The second part of my Invention relates to the frame of the locket.
Hitherto the inner rim of this frame has been composed of a piece of
wire turned up and soldered on to the outer rim. My improvement
here consists in raising the whole of this frame from a piece of flat
metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTERS' QUOINS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING-UP TYPE IN CHASES OR FRAMES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Oakley Walbrook at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1871.
I, WILLIAM OAKLEY WALBROOK, of Guildford, in the County of
Surrey, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTERS' QUOINS OR APPARATUS FOR LOCKING-UP TYPE IN
CHASES OR FRAMES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the construction and employment of
screw or eccentrically worked quoins for locking-up type in chases or
frames, as well as chases upon the tables of printing machines, and
consists in arranging a single or a double wedge-shaped block between
metal quoins, the block having a screw through or in connection with it,
which on being turned in one direction draws the block up and so
tightens or locks-up the type or the chase as the case may be.
In some cases two or more blocks are arranged upon or to the same
screw so that they are acted upon at the same time.

page_text: Sometimes the block is wedged shaped on one side only, and then only
one quoin need be employed.
If I use an eccentric for moving the block or blocks I so pin it to the
quoins that the lever or handle by which it is moved lies below the level
of the chase to be clear of the rollers of the printing machine in order 5
to avoid contact therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Davis and John
Wilshaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd May 1871.
We, RICHARD DAVIS and JOHN WILSHAW, both of Sheffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES,” to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in employing an arrangement of levers for
causing pressure upon the rollers of mangles instead of using a powerful
spring or springs as heretofore employed in upright mangles in which
the mangling rollers revolve on their axes in fixed bearing pieces.
The following is an example of the manner of constructing mangles
according to this Invention:-In the place of the spring now employed
for exerting forced pressure upon the uppermost roller of the mangle
by means of a screw placed at the upper part of the framing of the
mangle, we propose to use two bent levers, one end of each of which
said levers is connected to a small piece of metal by bolts passing across
slot holes formed in the said piece of metal, each bolt passing through a
long curved slot hole formed in the end of each of the aforesaid levers.

page_text: We also adapt, a small spring within the aforesaid piece of metal in
such manner that the ends of the said spring shall press upon the upper
edge of each of the aforesaid levers about midway of their length.
The opposite ends of each of the aforesaid levers passes through a slot
in the side framings and rests upon the sliding bearing blocks which
press on the ends of the axis of the uppermost roller of the mangle as
is now the case with upright mangles. The point of the screw of the
mangle before referred to enters a hole in the piece of metal that
supports the aforesaid levers by their inner ends, and presses upon the
before-mentioned small spring, thereby depressing the inner ends of the
said levers and causing their opposite ends and under edges to exert
forced pressure upon the axis of the uppermost roller of the mangle.
The upper edge of each lever takes its abutment against the upper
end of the slot of each side framing of the mangle. Upon drawing
-back-or-unscrewing-tho-aforesaid pressure.screw the inner ends of the
levers will rise and release the pressure from the roller. By these
_means_we_are_enabled to exert very powerful pressure on the rollers of
mangles in a more simple, less-expensive, and more durable manner,
and mangles thus constructed can be more easily and cheaply repaired
than when pressure springs of the ordinary kind are used in the
construction of mangles as above stated.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marsh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1871.
-
I, JOHN MARSH; of Tooting, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for
.66 IMPROVED MECHANICAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
These improvements or mechanical arrangements consist in securing-
to lines of railway a continuous wire rope, rods, or other gear connected
with levers or catches, also secured to the railway, which can be caused
(by a gaurd or attendant acting upon the wire rope, rods, or other
gear by a suitable lever,) to catch or act upon a lever or other arrange-
ment for ringing a bell, striking a gong, or otherwise giving warning to
any approaching train, so that when any stoppage of a train on a railway
occurs warning can at once be given to such approaching train, even
when it is at a considerable distance from the stopping train, in order
that the danger of collision may be avoided.
The following details of arrangements which may be adopted will

page_text: Along the line of railway I secure to the sleepers, or in other convenient
position at suitable intervals, levers or catches, which consist of a sole
plate, which can be screwed to the sleepers with uprights carrying an
axis for the lever catch, which is formed with an eye or loop above the
axis, to which a wire rope is secured, which wire rope can be supported
on rollers or other supports formed on plates, whereby the same can be
secured to the sleepers or in other convenient position. The rope is to
be so connected to the catch levers that ordinarily they shall lie down
or be out of the way of passing trains (but may be made to assume an
upright or obtruding position, as occasion may require, as hereafter
stated). In case a train should at any time meet with an accident, so
as to stop the same, then the guard or attendant has only to alight, and
by means of a lever with studs at one end and a hook at the other
(whereby the wire rope can be gripped or held) the rope may be
tightened or twisted so as to pull the catch levers into the upright
position, or the same may be acted upon by means of a crowbar or
lever applied direct to any catch lever. The catch levers when in the
upright position will catch the end of an arrangement consisting of a
lever with a hinged portion which depends from the train, this being
struck by the catch lever rings a bell, or strikes a gong, or otherwise
gives warning to the train thus signalled, which can be stopped `long
before it reaches the signalling train, as the tightening or twisting of
the rope will bring into operation all the catch levers for a considerable
length of the line of railway.
By suitable modifications these arrangements may be worked at or
near stations, or at or near other positions on the line, and the details
generally be modified to meet the particular circumstances of cach
case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, POCKETBOOKS, BAGS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Smith and Alfred
Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd April 1871.
We, JOSEPH SMITH, of Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, and ALFRED WATSON, of Culford Grove, Kingsland, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, POCKETBOOKS, BAGS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in locks or fastenings
for purses, pocketbooks, bags, and other articles. For this purpose we
employ a plate fixed to one part of a purse or other article, upon which
plate is fixed an undercut stud. On the other part of the purse or other
article we fix a plate having one or more holes formed therein. On this
last-mentioned plate is mounted on the upper side a plate, which is
connected by a pin to another plate or locking piece on the under side
thereof, which locking piece is formed with a suitable number of stops
or catches to act against the stud according to the particular hole in
which the stud is placed, so as to prevent the stud shifting when the
parts are locked together. The stud may catch on to the side or sides of

page_text: the hole or holes, or the stops or catches may act in the undercut part of
the stud or studs, or at the back thereof. To disconnect the two parts
of the lock from each other the outer plate is turned on its axis so as to
bring an opening or recess in the locking piece opposite the stud, and
thereby permit of its being removed from the hole through which it is
passed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS OR AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS FROM CONSTANT SUPPLY PIPES OR VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hosken and Francis
George Fleury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd August 1871.
We, JAMES HOSKEN, of No. 58, Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, Engineer, and FRANCIS GEORGE FLEURY, of No. 24, Merrick
Square, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE
PREVENTERS OR AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS
FROM CONSTANT SUPPLY PIPES OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to water waste preventers of that class in
which the passage or way through the apparatus is closed by a valve
falling by its own gravity and closing against a seat situated beneath it,
and consists in the employment of a stationary tube or guide chamber
containing a piston capable of vertical movement within it, and arranged
to operate in combination with the valve, so that the latter may be
raised for opening the passage or way through the apparatus by raising
the piston within the stationary tube or guide chamber. The valve
gradually falls by its own weight on to its seat and thereby closes the
passage or way, and arrangements are provided for the admission of

page_text: air or liquid above the piston, thus enabling it to be lowered in
readiness for again raising the valve to open the passage or way.
In some cases we apply this apparatus to waterclosets and water-
posts.