matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bradley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1879.
THOMAS BRADLEY, of the Wellington Foundry, Newark on Trent, in the County
of Nottingham, Ironfounder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS."
My Invention has for its object an improved method of making the beams and
hales of ploughs and the connections therewith, so that a ready adjustment may be
given to any portion of the plough, whilst at the same time it is rendered more
ridged, stronger, and lighter than when constructed in the ordinary manner.
My improved method of construction also enables the whole plough to be readily
taken to pieces, and packed in a very small compass for transport.
To carry out my Invention I form the beam of a tube, by preference of wrought
iron or steel, of a circular section.
The hales or handles are also constructed of tubes, and can be of a taper section,
if required, their larger ends being attached by screw threads or by dowells and
cottars to the arms of a breeches or V piece, which is similarly connected to the
beam.
The hales have also a light iron trussing between them, and are provided with
handles at their outer ends, as usual.
The body of the plough can be of any ordinary construction, but is made with a
head that partially encircles the beam, and is attached thereto with looped straps
that pass over the beam, whilst their screwed ends pass through holes in the head,
and are secured by nuts. In lieu of the looped straps a cap piece and bolts and
nuts may be used, thus forming a clamp that securely holds the body to the beam
at any required angle and position to which it may be set.
To adjust the body so that the shear may point more or less into the ground set
screws are provided in the underside of the head, which take a bearing in the beam,
or wedges may be inserted between the head and the beam for the same purpose.
A modification can be made by forming the head separately from the body, and
uniting them by means of serrated discs, with a central bolt to keep them secure at
whatever angle the body may be set at.
When wheels are used they are attached by means of cranked axles and sliding
boxes to a transverse bar; this transverse bar is made with an eye to encircle
the beam, and fastened in any required position by set screws or wedges, or a similar
fastening to that of the body may be used.
The clevis or quadrant that carries the draught hook is attached to the beam by
a ring having trunnions formed upon it; these trunnions take into eyes formed in

page_text: the clevis. The ring encircling the beam is held in position by a lock nut or cottar
to the end of the beam. The quadrant is formed with holes at right angles to the
clevis, and a pin is passed through them both, so that the height of the draught
hook may be regulated at pleasure.
Another feature of this Invention is that there are no holes required in the beam
or handles, so that when all is screwed up the plough may be set for working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVE MOTION OF STEAM AND COMPRESSED AIR ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Laybourne at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1879.
RICHARD LAYBOURNE, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVE MOTION OF STEAM AND COMPRESSED AIR ENGINES,"
This Invention relates to an improved mode of working the slide or other valves
for admitting steam or compressed air to the cylinders of steam or compressed air
engines, and to a mode of effecting the variable grades of expansion and the reversal
of the engine. For this purpose I make a return crank with a slot in which a slide
block carrying a pin for working the valves is caused to move by a worm or screw
acting on a tangent wheel, the axis of the said screw passing through the centre of
the said pin. Or the axis of the screw may pass through the centre of a shaft and
act upon the block by means of a screw tangent wheel or rack or any other
equivalent means.
PROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Guthrie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1879.
GEORGE GUTHRIE, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Blacksmith.
PROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS."
"IM-
One of the chief objects of my Invention is to reduce the shock or strain put
upon the working parts of a vessel's steering apparatus when a heavy sea strikes
the rudder; it may be thus briefly described:-The rudder post is brought up to
about the height of the centre of the steering wheel and fitted with a horizontal
worm wheel. This worm wheel is actuated by two worins placed parallel to each
other, the worm wheel being between. The axle of each is supported in the frame of the
apparatus and is capable, to a slight extent, of moving horizontally. Each end of
the bearings of the said shaft butt against elastic cushions, or springs, or buffers, so
that should the worm wheel receive the shock of a heavy 'sea striking the rudder,
the two worm shafts would receive motion therefrom and gradually come to rest by
the action of the elastic cushions before mentioned.
The worm shafts are driven by the steering wheel through a proper system of
spur gearing.
When the steering apparatus is placed midship the worm wheel is keyed upon a
vertical shaft upon which is also secured a drum to receive the tiller chains. To
the tiller I connect link rods, one leading to the starboard side, the other to the
port side of the ship, where they are jointed to the arm of a sector. The sectors
receive and are rocked by the chain which is wound round the before mentioned
vertical drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS AND LAMP BURNERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Horace Decimus Fellowes, of Bayswater, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS AND
LAMP BURNERS."
Sealed the 4th November 1879, and dated the 8th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Horace Decimus Fellowes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1879.
HORACE DECIMUS FELLOWES, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS AND LAMP BURNERS."
man.
The improvements relate to burners or jets intended for the combustion of gas;
also to burners or wick tubes for lamps; also to burners of all kinds or substitutes
therefor, intended for either receiving, giving, holding, or emitting flame for
lighting or other purposes. The improvements consist in so constructing, the
burner tube or equivalent and its accessories, that two flames instead of one, or one
flame arranged + or T fashion on plan may proceed therefrom, and thus afford
more available lighting or other surface than the present system of jets or flames of
equal size and consumption. The improvements are to be performed by making
the orifice or orifices of the burner or equivalent + or T shaped, either in one or of
a series of perforations so disposed, said burners being made of metal or other
convenient material, and otherwise constructed as at present.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the. conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Horace Decimus Fellowes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
November 1879.
HORACE DECIMUS FELLOWES, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
man. IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS AND LAMP BURNERS."
<
The improvements relate to burners or jets intended for the combustion of gas;
also to burners or wick tubes for lamps; also to burners of all kinds or substitutes
therefor, intended for either receiving, giving, holding, or emitting flame for
lighting or other purposes.
The improvements consist in constructing the burner tube or equivalent and its
accessories +, Y, or T fashion on plan, so that the light afforded is greater by
reason of the extended surface exposed and utilized than the present system of
argand or single jets or flames of equal size and consumption.
The improvements are performed by making the tube of the burner or equivalent
+, Y, or T shaped on plan or in cross section on plan, and either with one or a
series of perforations, said burners being made of metal or other convenient
-material.
When made for gas I arrange the orifices or jets a as shown in the accom-
panying Drawing, and in such a manner that there is a blank space A at the angles
of the +, Y, or T; Figs. 1 and 3 being elevations, and Figs. 2, 4, and 5, plan
views of gas burners; and for wick tubes I also leave a blank space without wick
at the intersection of the arms of the +, Y, or T.
In witness whereof, I, the said Horace Decimus Fellowes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of November, A.D. 1879.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO PRODUCE DRAINAGE AND OTHER PIPES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clement Tate at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1879.
CLEMENT TATE, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Surveyor.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO PRODUCE DRAINAGE AND
OTHER PIPES."
I employ a pug mill provided with a vertical cylinder of the usual construction,
but instead of a die plate at the bottom of the cylinder formed so as to produce one
pipe of eight inches in diameter, or a die plate to produce one pipe of four inches
diameter, for such die plate or plates I substitute a die plate constructed as
follows:-Suppose for example the vertical cylinder of the pug mill is eighteen
inches in diameter, I provide such cylinder with a die plate which is strengthened
on the inside with say six vertical ribs, and in the space between each pair of ribs,
I form an orifice of such a size that will produce a pipe four inches in diameter,
when it is dried and has been burnt in a kiln, and over the centre of such orifice
on the inside of the cylinder, I secure a die which not only forms the interior
surface of the four inch pipe, but at the same time it also forms the outer surface of
a tube to form a three inch pipe, and above such die I secure a plug to form the
interior surface of the three inch pipe, or else a die to form the interior surface of
the three inch pipe, and also the outer and inner surfaces of a tube to form a two
inch pipe. By such means I am enabled to produce at the same time either twelve
or eighteen pipes, ie., six pipes of four inches diameter, six pipes three inches in
diameter, and six of two inches in diameter. The dies above mentioned are of
peculiar shape, each baving its frictional surfaces formed in such due proportion
that the same length of tubes of four, three, and two inches in diameter are
delivered simultaneously, the length of which may be varied by one cut off wire in
the usual way. I thus produce tubes of varying diameter one within the other,
without a proportionate increase of power to work the mill. Such tubes after being
cut off may be supplied when required with a collar and socket in the usual way
previous to being burnt in the kiln.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PEELING OSIERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Barthez at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1879.
JEAN BARTHEZ, fils aîné, of Villeneuve sur Bellot, in the Department of the Seine
et Marne, France, Basket Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR PEELING
OSIERS."
My Invention relates to improvements in machines for peeling osiers, its object
being to quickly and efficiently peel or strip the bark therefrom.
According to my Invention the osiers to be peeled or stripped pass between
adjustable feeding rollers (faced with a suitable resilient material) revolving in
bearings mounted on the platform or table of the machine. On leaving these rollers
the osiers are operated on by adjustable vertical spring blades, which bruise, split,
or rip their bark, the said blades being composed of two limbs, provided at their
inner and lower extremities with triangularly shaped cutters; or instead of these
vertical spring blades, adjustable horizontal bevelled spring blades may be employed
for the same purpose.
The strippings or peelings are pressed downwards by a blade or presser, and are
caught between stripping rollers (one of which is faced with a suitable resilient
material, while the other is fluted or roughened) which remove them, and the osiers,
now peeled or stripped of their bark, pass between adjustable drawing rollers, also
faced with a suitable resilient material, which deliver them from the machine.
The feeding, stripping, and drawing rollers are actuated through suitable gearing,
which is set in motion by steam or hand, or by any other suitable prime mover.
Scrapers placed under the stripping cylinders serve to keep them clean.
A pair of shears worked by the gearing may be mounted on the platform of the
machine, and used for cutting off the stems of the osiers when necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING APPARATUS, AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Luis Angel Lynch Irving, of 62, Gresham House, Old
Broad Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DISTILLING APPARATUS, AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE SAME."
Sealed the 13th February 1880, and dated the 26th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Luis Angel Lynch Irving
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1879.
LUIS ANGEL LYNCH IRVING, of 62, Gresham House, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING APPARATUS, AND IN THE MODE OF
WORKING THE SAME."
My Invention consists in the application to distillling apparatus of the well
known principle that the boiling points of liquids are lowered by the reduction of
the pressure under which they are boiled; and I effect the application of this
principle in the following manner :--A condenser or primary distilling apparatus is
constructed, from which the condensed fresh water may pass freely into the
atmosphere, and the circulating cold water passing outside the pipes is so limited
in quantity that its temperature shall become very great. It is evident that this
latter water being exposed to a sufficiently reduced pressure it will be evaporated
without the further introduction of heat, and the vapour arising from it being
condensed in a separate vessel, a second supply of fresh water will be obtained.
Again this process may if desired be repeated in further condensing vessels, and a
third or even more extended additional supply of water may be obtained. The
production of the necessary partial or complete vacuum in the secondary or other
vessels may be produced by any convenient means, as by a pump, or by the
alternate opening and closing of communications of the vessels with the atmosphere
or with each other, and the vessels may be placed if necessary under the soil or
exposed to the flow of the water of the sea. My Invention may be applied to the
production of fresh water, or to facilitate the evaporation necessary in the
preparation of nitrate and to other purposes.
AN IMPROVED FRACTION-ARITHMETICAL MACHINE WITH FRACTION-ARITHMETICAL STICK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Heinrich Albert Zarth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1879.
JOHANN HEINRICH ALBERT ZARTH, of Köpenik, by Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, Germany. "AN IMPROVED FRACTION-ARITHMETICAL MACHINE WITH
FRACTION-ARITHMETICAL STICK."
This Invention relates to apparatus for facilitating arithmetical computations
involving fractions, and for simplifying the instruction of pupils as to the relative
values of fractions and the modes of dealing with them arithmetically. A square
open frame, which may be of wood, is placed in an upright position. On one face
of it the two upright sides have a number of notched brackets projecting forwards,
in which are laid rods that cross the frame horizontally. These rods have painted
or marked on them divisions, each being divided into a different number of equal
parts, so that one rod, for example, may present tenths, and another sixtieths of
the width between the uprights. The rods moreover are made of triangular or
polygonal section, each side being differently divided, so that any side being
presented to the front will shew on it some definite division of the width. On the
top horizontal bar of the frame is fitted a slide, from which a vertical rod projects
down the whole height of the frame crossing all the horizontal bars above mentioned.
When the slide is moved so as to bring the rod over some particular division of
one bar it will, by crossing some other division of another bar, shew the equality
of the two fractions corresponding to the respective divisions so crossed. For
example, if the bar crossed the second division of the bar divided in tenths it
would cross also the twelfth division of the bar divided in sixtieths, thus shewing
the equality of two-tenths to twelve-sixtieths, or =, and so in like manner
in respect of other fractions. There are provided moreover a number of markers,
which are small pieces of wood or metal that can be slid or hooked on to the
horizontal bars at any desired parts of their length, so as to mark the particular
fractions with which the computer has to deal in any question. It is of advantage
also for the purpose of instruction to provide in the upper part of the frame a
black board or slate, on which the teacher can write operations and results. On
the opposite face of the frame there are provided pegs or hooks, from which are
stretched horizontally and vertically a number of cords dividing the area into a

page_text: number of small squares, which can be used in questions of superficial measurement.
For convenience of computation the pupil is also provided with several small rods
or sticks of polygonal section, having their sides marked with various equal
divisions. For example, a stick of octagonal section may, on its successive sides,
be divided into 2, 6, 3, 12, 4, 16, 8, and 24 equal parts, whereby the equality or
relations of different fractions can be readily traced. For example, it can be seen
that three eights are equal to nine twenty-fourths, or =4, and so with other
fractions.
MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry McKee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1879.
HENRY MCKEE, of Dunfanaghy, in the County of Donegal, Ireland.
MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
"IMPROVE⭑
My Invention relates, 1st., to improvements in bicycles, and has for its object more
particularly to avoid the liability to serious accidents to which the riders are at
present exposed, and further to render the machines. available for the use of ladies.
According to my Invention the bicycle is so constructed that the rider's legs do not
straddle the "back bone" or frame in order to work the treadles as heretofore, and
the treadles are so arranged that the rider may immediately set his feet on the
ground when in danger of falling.
In the bicycle of my Invention the small wheel is the leading and guiding
wheel, and the large wheel is the driving wheel. The frame or back bone,"
which connects the wheels and carries the seat for the rider, is supported in front
on the steering fork which is mounted on the axle of the fore wheel, and the rear
portion is forked to embrace the driving wheel, on the axle of which it is mounted
loosely. The frame or "backbone" extends down between the wheels to within a
short distance of the ground, and to it are pivoted bent levers carrying the treadles
and connected to the cranks of the driving wheel. The seat is mounted in front of
the driving wheel at a convenient height on uprights, and is maintained in position
by radial stay rods forming part of the frame. The seat is furnished with suitable
springs to avoid jolting.
The Invention may also be applied to tricycles, in which case there would be a
pair of leading wheels, and the frame would be supported on the axle of said
wheels in any convenient manner.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR SEPARATING SULPHUR OR ITS COMBINATIONS FROM ALKALINE SOLUTIONS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Allmann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1879. A communication from
abroad by Philip Pauli, of Chemische Fabrik Reheinau, in the Grand Duchy
of Baden, in the Empire of Germany, Doctor of Philosophy.
JULIUS ALLMANN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR SEPARATING SULPHUR OR ITS COMBINATIONS FROM
ALKALINE SOLUTIONS." [A communication from abroad by Philip Pauli, of
Chemische Fabrik Reheinau, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, in the Empire of
Germany, Doctor of Philosophy.]
The Invention is particularly applicable in the treatment of lyes or of solutions
of soda or potash for the separation of metallic sulphides. To this end a soluble salt
of manganese is added to the alkaline solution to be treated, and air is forced into
the body of the liquid. When carrying the Invention into effect the alkaline solu-
tion is conveyed into a suitable tank, into which air can be forced. A small quantity
of manganese chloride or of any other suitable salt of manganese is added to the
contents of the tank, and air is forced into the body of liquid through a perforated
coil or through perforated pipes arranged at the bottom of the tank, or air is other-
wise delivered into the liquid. The manganese salt takes up additional oxygen
from the air which is forced into the liquid, and transfers this excess of oxygen to
the metallic sulphide or sulphides. This action and re-action of the salt of manga-
nese continues until the whole of the metallic sulphide or sulphides is or are
oxidised. In the earlier stages of the process the liquid is rendered of a milky
appearance by the presence of the protoxide of manganese, but when the separation
or oxidisation of the sulphides is completed the liquid is of a black or blackish color,
and the process being then completed the treatment with air is discontinued. The
precipitate is then allowed to settle, and the clear super-natant liquid is run off. A
fresh charge of alkaline solution may then be run into the tank, and the treatment
with air may be resumed without any further addition of the salt of manganese.
A comparatively small proportion of the salt of manganese is required, and this may
be used in the treatment of a number of charges of alkaline solution, so that the

page_text: process is attended with great economy of materials. When the manganese is con-
sidered to be too slow in its action the tank is entirely emptied, and for the next
operation a quantity of fresh salt of manganese is added to the charge. The process
is facilitated by heating the alkaline solution to a temperature of about one hundred
and thirty degrees.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION OR TAWING OF SKINS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Gedge, of No. 11, Wellington Street,
Strand, London, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION OR TAWING
OF SKINS." A communication from abroad by Joseph Garrel and Joseph Marie
Martin, both of Lyons (Rhône), France, Machine Makers.
Sealed the 19th March 1880, and dated the 22nd September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1879.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED MACHINE TO BE USED IN
THE PREPARATION OR TAWING OF SKINS." A communication from abroad by
Joseph Garrel and Joseph Marie Martin, both of Lyons (Rhône), France, Machine
Makers.
This Invention relates to an improved machine to be used in the tawing or pre-
paring in white of goat, kid, sheep, calf, and similar skins.
Upon the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a macbine embodying this Invention,
Figure 2 being a side elevation; and,
Figure 3, a plan view of same.
Similar letters of reference indicating similar parts in each of the Figures
respectively.
A indicates a cylinder covered with an emery cloth or other suitable material.
B, cylinder, covered with india rubber or other supple or soft material, or
springs, forming a stretcher, with helix or endless screw in opposite direction, as
well as friction.
C, levers with counterweights for lifting the cylinder B by the aid of the rods d.
D, treadle, actuated by the foot of the workman during the work, giving pressure
to the cylinder B by the rods d connecting the treadle with the balance levers.
E, table, covered with a thin plate or sheet of brass or other suitable material,
giving the workman the facility of turning the skin before and after working.

page_text: F, mitre wheel, receiving motion from a similar wheel keyed on the upper shaft.
The shaft with endless screw upon which this wheel F is fixed drives the helicoidal
wheel G, which actuates the presser-stretcher cylinder.
The mode of working is as follows:-
The workman begins by passing the skin on to the table between the two
cylinders, holding it by one end, then, the two cylinders being in motion, he presses
on the pedal and the lower cylinder, pressing the skin against the upper one, he
draws the skin towards him. To finish the part which he held in his hands at the
commencement of the work he turns the skin round and operates again in the same
manner.
Amongst the advantages of this improved machine are, great regularity in the
working and great economy; for seven or eight times more skins can be worked
with fewer workmen than by ordinary methods.

page_text: W. E. GEDGE. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COATS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1879. A communication
from abroad by Nils Malmar, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, State of
New York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN COATS." [A communication from abroad by
Nils Malmar, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, State of New York, United
States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to furnish coats, and more especially overcoats,
with an extra lining, so constructed that it may be readily detached and laid aside
or replaced by a lighter or a heavier one, as may be required, so that the same coat
may be worn in the spring and autumn and in the winter, rendering it unnecessary
to have different coats for different seasons.
According to this Invention the coat is provided with an ordinary lining, which
is made in the usual way, except that a strip of linen or other suitable material is
applied or stitched to it all around the edges of the said ordinary lining to support
the fastenings by which the extra or supplementary lining secured in place. The
supplementary lining is so formed as to fit neatly upon the ordinary lining, with
its edges corresponding with the edges of the same. The edges of the supplementary
lining are secured detachably to the ordinary lining by buttons and button holes,
by hooks and eyes, by pins, or by other suitable means. When buttons and button
boles are used it is preferred to attach the buttons to the supplementary lining, and
form the button holes in the ordinary lining and the strips of linen or other material
stitched thereto. The sleeve linings are sewn to the body lining in the same way
as ordinary sleeves are secured in place, but they should be provided with a second
lining of silk, serge, or other smooth material to allow the arms to slip in easily.
With this construction the coat can be worn without the supplementary lining,
and linings of different thicknesses and warmth can be used as the intensity of the
cold may require. The supplementary lining may be applied with equal facility
and advantage to coats made without any permanent lining.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Chapman Anderson, of Wood Green, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES."
Sealed the 30th December 1879, and dated the 24th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Chapman Anderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1879.
ROBERT CHAPMAN ANDERSON, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IM GALVANIC BATTERIES."
This Invention relates to improvements in galvanic batteries, the object of the
improvements being to equalize the action, and maintain the power and constancy
of such batteries, and at the same time to entirely avoid (or nearly so) the emission
of the noxious and deleterious fumes or emanations usually given out by certain
batteries, more particularly those generally employed in producing the electric
light.
In carrying out my improvements for a two fluid battery, I employ by preference
the ordinary positive and negative elements, such as zinc and carbon, the former of
which may be acted upon by any suitable acid or a salt of an acid, but for the latter
or negative element I employ nitric acid or a nitrate with chromic acid, or a soluble
salt containing chromic acid, to which I add muriatic acid or an acid which will
produce equivalent or nearly equivalent results. Or I may employ (in place of
nitric acid or a nitrate) chloric acid or a chlorate with or without the addition of
an acid. To take up the chlorine which would be evolved, I employ sulphur
preferably spread over the surface of the negative solution, and if sulphurous acid
be evolved it may be neutralized by a suitable agent, such as peroxide of
manganese.
For a one fluid battery I employ the negative solution only, or with the addition
of an acid for exciting the zinc if such should be found necessary.
My improvements also relate to the employment in galvanic batteries of soot
spread on the surface of acids generally as a means of allaying and preventing,.
more or less, the escape of fumes or noxious emanations, but where chlorine is
evolved I employ sulphur.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING, REGULATING, AND INDICATING THE PRESSURE EXERTED BY GASEOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Howard Blamires 'at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1879.
THOMAS. HOWARD BLAMIRES, of Huddersfield, in the County of York. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING, REGULATING, AND INDICATING THE
PRESSURE EXERTED BY GASEOUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be employed for controlling, regulating,
and indicating gaseous pressure resulting from either spirituous fermentation or
other chemical reactions, and is specially applicable for the use of brewers and
bottlers of either alcoholic or aerated liquids, by whom it may be used as a safety
valve or pressure regulator.
The apparatus consists of suitable receptacles containing a double column of
mercury; these receptacles, which may be tubes of glass or other substance, com-
municate with each other at the bottom. The top of one tube is connected by
piping or other connexion with the vessel in which the gases are being generated in
such manner that the pressure of the gas exerted upon the mercury shall depress
the same within the tube, and cause a corresponding elevation of the mercury within
the adjoining tube or vessel, the difference in height indicating the amount of
pressure. When the pressure exerted is so great as to force the whole of the mercury
into the second tube or vessel, the gas then escapes upwards through the mercury
or by a slide valve provided for the purpose, relieving the pressure and keeping the
same constant according to the weight of the column.
In applying my apparatus to barrels or other vessels closed by corks or bungs I
find it advisable to cover the cork or bung with india-rubber or other perfectly air-
tight material, so as to prevent any escape of gas except through the mercury.
Corks thus protected by a covering of india-rubber are applicable to other purposes
where perfect tightness is required, in order to prevent the escape of gas.
For aerating liquids I employ a generator having two outlets, one of which com-
municates with the vessel containing the liquid to be aerated, and the other
communicating with the apparatus.
The gas can thus be kept at a constant pressure determined by the height of the
column of mercury, and any extra pressure will be followed by an escape of gas
until the equilibrium is restored or any required pressure attained so as to aerate the
liquid.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS BURNER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by Michel Marie Franzini at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1879.
MICHEL MARIE FRANZINI, of 307, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS BURNER."
My Invention relates to a new or improved gas burner, and has for object to
increase the intensity of the gas light.
For this purpose I screw or otherwise fix on a hollow piece of metal two or more
ordinary gas burners, one against the other, and in such a way that the flames are
parallel at the exit. The hollow piece is terminated by a tappered socket, or by
a screw threaded hollow shank, in order to fix it on any gas fixture whatever.
It will be easily understood that the flames being united a little above the exit
of the gas burners, on account of the molecular attraction of the two flames, the
intensity of the light will be increased by the burning of the nitrogen of the air
between the flames, and at the same time the current of the gas will be diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING DESIGNS PHOTOGRAPHICALLY ON CONTINUOUS TEXTILE AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1879. (A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptisto Janard and Louis Guillot, both of Paris, France.)
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING DESIGNS PHOTOGRAPHICALLY ON
CONTINUOUS TEXTILE AND OTHER MATERIALS." (A communication from abroad by
Jean Baptiste Janard and Louis Guillot, both of Paris, France.)
The object of this Invention is the production of a machine for photographic
printing on continuous pieces of textile and other materials.
The machine is composed of a table of any suitable and convenient length,
surmounted by or between parallel grooved edges in which the frames are fixed
for receiving the patterns (cliches) of the size of the subject to be printed; these
sizes may vary for the same width of material. There is a movable cheek fitted to
the edges, so that by removing same the frames at the middle or ends can be
removed, and by this arrangement means are provided whereby any disarrangement
caused during the operation of the exposure to the light can be repaired.
The material sensitized and rolled on a cylinder is carefully closed in a movable
wood case which is carefully fitted at one of the ends of the table, the material
issuing by a slot in the case is extended under the patterns (cliches) by a stretching
action which is communicated by another roller, also placed in a movable and
closed case fitted at the other end of the table. As soon as the sensitized material
has remained exposed to the action of the light for the time required to produce
the impression, a curtain set in motion in any convenient way covers the glasses;
the length of the material thus printed on by the light is rolled on a cylinder
protected from the light; the latter cylinder is provided with a counter which
regulates in a precise manner the length of the material which ought to be exposed
afresh. The new length being put in the light, receives its impression as before,
and the operation thus continues until the whole piece is printed.
The movable case containing all the printed piece, and rolled round the cylinder,
is then removed from the table.
The movement of the cylinder may be produced by hand, steam, or other suitable
power.
The mechanism of the two enclosed cylinders in the cases, and furnished with
counters, may be adapted to ordinary positive photographic frames, whatever their
size may be in order to obtain continuous prints on fabrics of all breadths.
By this machine photographic printing on fabrics is capable of being commer-
cially produced.

page_text: The fabrics may in some cases be placed in the cases in folds instead of on
rollers.
The table may vary in form; for example, it may be of a polydron form movable
about on axis, each face carrying a cliche.
Suitable levers are used for raising and lowering or applying the table and
consequently the material against the frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rickatson and Thomas Schofield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1879.
JOHN RICKATSON, of Balham, in the County of Surrey, and THOMAS SCHOField,
of Bromley, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
PROPELLING AND STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS."
Our Invention relates to an improved arrangement of apparatus whereby the
propeller or propellers, which may be of any suitable construction, are also utilized
for steering the ship or vessel.
According to one mode of carrying out our Invention we mount the propeller
fast upon a shaft or axis separate from the main shaft of the engine, and carried in
a frame, which is secured to a vertical shaft (hereinafter designated the steering
post), the latter being supported in bearings in the stern post or any other con-
venient part of the ship or vessel, so as to be capable of being turned upon its axis
by hand or otherwise, and when so turned of conducting the propeller frame and
propeller with it in its movement. The propeller is driven from the main shaft of
the engine through the intervention of a system of bevel and spur gearing, one
wheel being fast on the main shaft, another on the propeller shaft, and a third
loose on the steering post, so that whilst the propellers revolve continuously, as in
the ordinary manner, its axis is at the same time capable of being turned round in
a horizontal plane to any required angle up to, say, 90 degrees or upwards from
the centro line of the vessel in order to steer or guide the vessel in the desired
course. It is preferred for the sake of uniformity of motion and for other reasons
to employ two trains of gearing between the main shaft and the propellor shaft,
two bevel wheels (one above and one below the propeller shaft) being mounted
loose on the steering post, and receiving motion from the main shaft, and trans-
mitting the same to the propeller shaft, both directly and through the intervention
of intermediate wheels.
If desired the propeller may be formed with a sleeve or elongated boss, and be
mounted loose upon its shaft, the motion being in this case imparted to the sleevo
or boss in lieu of to the propeller shaft.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRAM CARS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hughes and John Henry
Hill Duncan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October
1879.
HENRY HUGHES, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester, and JOHN
HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of Copthall Buildings, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRAM CARS."
Our Invention, relating to improvements in tram cars, has for its chief objects
providing increased facilities for entering and alighting from the cars, and other-
wise rendering them more convenient for passengers.
In carrying out our Invention in order to effect these objects, we arrange the
springs and axle boxes within the frame and body of the car, the same being by
preference supported upon the transverse timbers of the under frame, and the seats,
which are placed transversely, are arranged in such positions relatively to the axles
that the latter pass underneath the seats. This arrangement admits of the floor
of the car being extended down to within a short distance of the ground, so that
the passengers are enabled to enter or alight easily and without danger and
without the use of steps, instead of the floor being above the axles as in the
ordinary manner, whilst at the same time by the improved arrangement the weight
of the car is reduced. In the case of tram cars of the description known as swivel
cars, which can be turned end for end at the close of each journey or at any other
required time, we divide the car into two compartments, viz., a front compartment
and a rear compartment, the former (near the horses) being closed, whilst the rear
compartment is open so that it can be used for smokers, the advantage being that
the smokers are always at the hinder part of the car.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MORE PERFECT UTILISATION OF THE CALORIC ARISING FROM THE PROCESS OF COMBUSTION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Emil Bennett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1879.
JOHN EMIL BENNETT, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR THE MORE PERFECT UTILISATION
OF THE CALORIC ARISING FROM THE PROCESS OF COMBUSTION."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus or appliances for the
more perfect utilisation of the caloric arising from the process of combustion, and
is applicable to steam generators and heating apparatus.
This Invention consists of the construction of the furnaces, seatings, flues, or
passages in which the hot gases are generated or through which they pass for the
purpose of being absorbed.
In applying this Invention to a steam generator or boiler, the upper parts of the
flues or passages (in which the hot gases are generated or through which the
products of combustion pass) under the heat absorbing surfaces are divided into
compartments by partitions, and the lower parts thereof are either open from end
to end or may be divided into compartments corresponding with the upper com-
partments, the division walls of the lower compartments being placed in the centre
of the length of the upper compartments or otherwise as may be found necessary
or advisable in practise. The division walls of the compartments above described
are of firebrick or of any other suitable substance.
In using my improved apparatus the hot gases or products of combustion pass
into the first compartment, and after giving off a portion of their caloric to the
heat absorbing surfaces, descend and pass in rotation into each of the other com-
partments wherein the same process is repeated, and whereby the caloric is more
perfectly utilized, the result being a saving of the fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAYING."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Kesseler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1879. A. communication
from Carl Bergmann, Osterwieck am Harz, German Empire.
"
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany, Civil
Engineer and Patent Solicitor. IMPROVEMENTS IN PAYING." A communication
from Carl Bergmann, Osterwieck am Harz, German Empire.
The Invention consists in connecting or interlocking the blocks which form a
pavement by means of anchors or keys placed between the blocks and projecting
into the sides of the latter in such a manner that when the pavement has been laid
the motion of any block will be shared by its neighbours. The said anchors are
preferably of metal, flat or spherical, and provided with a pin or wedge, projecting
upwards between the paving blocks in order to expand or penetrate into a lug
of wood or other suitable material when the latter is driven down into the
joint.
After the paving blocks have thus been firmly connected the interstices between
them may be filled up with cement, mortar, asphalt, or other suitable material.
This construction is especially applicable for wooden pavement; the paving
blocks may have their anchors either in the middle of their sides or at their
corners, and must be provided with blanks or hollowed out for the reception of said
anchors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Albert Fleuss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1879.
HENRY ALBERT FLEUSS, of 12, Dale Road, Haverstock Hill, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for making
cigarettes.
For this purpose I form the apparatus of a metal tube open at both ends, and of
a trough of thin metal curved to correspond with the interior of the tube. At one
end of the trough is a cylindrical head to fit the interior of one end of the tubo
and also an enlarged flange at its extremity, by which when the trough has been
inserted into the tubo the trough may be held whilst the tube is turned around it.
A longitudinal slit is formed in the tube extending nearly to both ends.
To form a cigarette with apparatus formed in the abovo manner, the end of the
trough is inserted into one end of the tube, tobacco is laid into the trough and held
down into it by the fingers. A turning movement is given to the tubo at the same
time that the trough is pushed forwards into it until the cylindrical end of the
trough has entered the end of the tube. The requisite quantity of tobacco for
forming a cigarette is thus carried down into the tube. One side edge of a
cigarette paper is then inserted through the slit in the tube and enters between the
tube and the back of the trough, the trough having previously been turned into
position so that its back is opposite the slit.
The entry of the paper through the slit in the tube is also facilitated by one
edge of the slit being bent somewhat outwards. When the edge of the paper has
been inserted through the slit the trough is again turned, and the paper is so drawn
in and wound around the trough and tobacco contained in the tube. Just before
the last portion of the paper is drawn in through the slit this portion, which may
have been previously gummed, is moistened, and when drawn into the tube adhers
to the paper cylinder which surrounds the tobacco. The trough is then withdrawn
from the tube, and as it is drawn out carries the cigarette back with it a sufficient
distance to cause the end of the cigarette to project sufficiently from the tube to
allow of its being subsequently taken hold of and withdrawn. At the opposite end

page_text: of the tube to that at which the trough is inserted, there may be on the inside of
the tube an inclined stop for the edge of the paper inserted through the slit to
come against, so that as the paper is wound in through the slit its edge gets turned
inwards, and is so caused to close that end of the cigarette.
At the other end of the slit the cylindrical end of the trough may pass somewhat 5
beyond the end of the slit, so that at this end the cigarette may be inade with
paper projecting somewhat beyond the tobacco contained within it.