Improvements in and connected with Breech Loading Repeating or Magazine Small-arms.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1892-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Breech Loading Repeating or
Magazine Small-arms.
I, MURRAY HAINES DURST, of 13, Clapham Road, County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to several detail improvements upon my two previous
Patents Nos. 18516 of 1891 and 792 of 1892 respectively, and will be clearly
understood upon reference to the subjoined 2 sheets of drawings, in which
Figure 1 is an external side elevation of the shoe and bolt complete, said bolt
being drawn back to more clearly show its rearmost position.
Figure 2 is a plan view projected from Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation through line 1-2 of Figure 2 but with the bolt
in the closed position just previous to turning down to lock game.
Figure 4 is a front elevation.
F gure 5 is a perspective view of the enclosing magazine cover.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation through the line 3-4 Figure 3, looking
towards the barrel and represents the magazine as open to the throat of the
shoe.
Figure 7.is a similar section but with the magazine turned to close the throat
in the shoe.
Figure 8 is also a sectional view upon the line 3-4 of Figure 3 but with
the magazine empty.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation through the line 5-6 and illustrates the
connection between the safety bolt and the sear.
Figures 10, 11, and 12 are perspective details of the safety bolt and sear.
Figures 13 to 17 inclusive represent in detail the construction of the shoe and in
which Figure 13 may be specifically stated as a sectional elevation.
Figure 14 a sectional elevation on the line 7-8 looking in a rearward direction.
Figure 15 a sectional elevation through the line 9-10 looking towards the
barrel.
Figure 16 a plan and Figure 17 a rear elevation.
Figures 18 to 29 inclusive are views illustrating the construction in detail of the
bolt, Figure 18 being an end elevational view of same.
Figure 19 is an elevational view of the extractor side of the bolt.
Figure 20 is a front view and Figure 21 is a section on the lines 11-12.
Figure 22 is a reverse side view of the removable front portion of the bolt.
Figure 23.is a reverse side elevation of the locking bolt.
Figure 24 is a part perspective view of the locking bolt more clearly illustrating.
the character of the cut away portion in which the striker head fits.
Figure 25 is a view of the striker head and represents the manner of securing
same to the striker pin.
Figure 26 is a side elevation of the striker head and pin with spring locking and
rebound sleeve and pin complete.
Figure 27 is a view of the striker pin.
Figure 28 is a perspective view of the locking sleeve.
Figure 29 is a perspective view of the rebound sleeve.
Figures 30 to 44 inclusive are detail views of the magazine shown in section
at Figure 3, and of various modifications that may under some circumstances be
required.

page_text: Figure 30 is a perspective view of the magazine central shaft, and end cover to
a larger scale as are all the following figures.
Figure 31 is a perspective view of the magazine case with central shaft and end
cover removed therefrom.
Figure 32 is a perspective view of the spring and Figure 33 is a perspective plan
of the complete magazine as shown in section at Figure 3 and of which Figures 30, 31,
and 32 are the detail views.
Figure 34 is a side elevation of the magazine central shaft and end cover with
the rear end collar modified to suit both rim and rimless cartridges.
Figure 35 is a part sectional elevation of magazine central shaft and end cover,
showing a modified arrangement of star sleeves for use with rim cartridges,
Figure 36 being a perspective view of one of said star sleeves.
Figures 37, 38, and 39 are side elevation, back elevation, and plan view
respectively of a cartridge clip.
Figures 40, 41, and 42 are modified forms of magazine springs.
Figures 43 and 44 are perspective and part elevational views respectively of a
modified magazine.
Figure 45 is a perspective plan of an alternative form of magazine.
For the purpose of more clearly describing the above mentioned figures, they
are hereinafter dealt with in the order of their enumeration dividing the various
figures under the heading of bolt shoe; bolt; and magazine respectively.
BOLT SHOE.
B is the
A is the portion of the shoe into which the barrel is screwed.
upper semicircular half of the shoe. C the lower semicircular half or cover of
the magazine. D, D, are projecting back stops formed out of the solid metal
of the shoe. E is an inclined plane for starting the cartridge from its chamber
by the cam like action it imparts to the bolt when same is turned upwards.
F, F, are front and rear bolts screwed into the barrel chamber A and tail piece G
respectively to hold the lower semi circular half shoe or cover C in position. The
rear bolt F in conjunction with the bolt H also screwed into the tail piece G
securely fixes the trigger guard I and stock together.
Although the trigger guard I is shown in the annexed drawings as a separate
piece distinct from the magazine cover C, I may however form same in a piece
with said cover C but in the latter case it would be necessary to extract three
screws instead of two, making it more inconvenient should it be necessary at any
time to remove the magazine cover C.
J is a semi circular stop formed at the rear end of the tail piece G for the
purpose of limiting the backward movement of the striker head. K is a half
round spring ejector stop secured to the shoe A by the screw L.
At M, Figures 2, and 16, the shoe A is recessed back to form a shoulder for the
cartridge clip to bear against, the part N serving as a ledge to resist the downward
pressure of the clip when the cartridges are being forced from same into the
magazine.
P is a recess for receiving the forward stop of the removable bolt head.
Qis a recess to allow of the free movement of the extractor over the cartridge.
R is a recess, into which the forward stop is turned when removing the removable
head from the bolt.
S is the sear slot. T the sear. U the trigger, and V the crank formed in a
piece with or rivetted to the pin W with its central portion X of triangular or
similar shape, upon which the sear T is fitted. Y is the safety bolt with a slot Z
to engage with the before mentioned crank V.
A¹ is a tube containing the sear spring B₁, and is so placed that it is adapted to
keep both the trigger U and sear T in their proper position.
Cis an incline up which the cartridges are pushed to the firing chamber, said
incline is placed out of the centre for the purpose of withdrawing the cartridges
from under a projecting lip formed in the magazine throat.

page_text: g. small crossbar.
h. thumb-piece to turn magazine.
i. spring.
j. projecting rim on end k of magazine into the notches l, m, of which the cross-
bar g is held by the spring i.
n, n, are cartridges. p is a space between the rear end of magazine and the rear
wall of the shoe. 7 is the incline up which the cartridges are pushed by the
spring b. is a piece of metal secured by turning the edges of same over the
spring arm for the purpose of stiffening the same. 8 is a spring lip formed from
magazine shell to prevent spring b forcing cartridges out. t is a projecting lip at
the bullet end of magazine for a similar purpose see Figure 2 and to prevent them
from jarring out by a blow from outside."
The cartridge clip shown at Figures 37, 38, and 39 consists of a strip of metal g'
with side grooves of such a width that the flanges on the heads of the cartridges
will slide freely in them. Small points project inwardly to prevent the cartridges
from sliding out. Slits are so made in the back of the clip as to cause the
points to yield outwardly when pressure is brought to bear upon the cartridges.
The manner in which the various parts are fitted together is as follows:-The
spring ejector stop K is first secured in position by the screw L, the body part D'
of the bolt, as represented in Figure 23, is then inserted at the rear between the
two wall stops D, D. The extractor Y₁ having been fixed to the head G', said
removable head G' is placed in front of the lug D over the throat in the shoe with
the lug I turned partly down into the recess R. With the removable head G¹ in

page_text: this position, the bolt D¹ may be pushed forward over the reduced part G" of the
head until the nose of the rib J' has passed the lug H¹ when said lug H' may be
turned up into the recess J of the rib J¹ to secure them together.
The striker if not previously fitted into the bolt is put together by screwing the
striker pin P into the head L' and prevented from turning by a small set screw.
The locking sleeve R¹ is then put over the pin P' followed by the spring Q', rebound
sleeve S', and finally the wedge pin T' is inserted between the slots U¹ of the
rebound sleeve S into the striker pin P₁, where it is held by the tension of the
spring until it is inserted into the body D' of the bolt when the interior size of
the bore prevents any endwise movement of the same. In some cases the pin T¹
may be fixed in the striker pin, then the rebound sleeve, spring, and locking sleeve
must be put on before said striker pin P¹ is screwed into the head L'.
When these operations have been completed, the striker will be, as represented
at Figure 26. It can now be inserted into the body of the bolt from the rear, the
pin T being in such a position as to correspond with the recesses G11 in the
removable head G¹ and the enlarged section of the striker head with the cut away
portion of the bolt, the pin V₁ being directed into the bayonet slot W¹ and turned
upwards when the rebound of the spring will lock it behind the projection W".
The magazine is assembled by placing the spring over the central shaft a and
the turned in portion into the hole a' of the shaft, said spring band shaft a arc
inserted into the shell c¹ until the sharp edge c" engages in the V recess of the
cover c, the hollow screw is threaded through the spring i and crossbar into the
solid end e of the central shaft.
Before tightening the screw the required tension is put upon the spring by
turning the cover c until the spring is sufficiently wound for the purpose. By
tightening the screw f, the two ends of the magazine are drawn tightly together and
rigidly held in position. The complete magazine is put into the upper half semi-
circular recess and the cover C placed over same and secured by the screws F,.F.
The rim j projects beyond the end of the shoe B and cover C to allow the crossbar g
to bear upon same, so that when any sudden end shock, as by suddenly bringing
the butt stock of the rifle to the ground, it is absorbed by the elasticity of the
spring and space p, allowing the magazine to yield somewhat to prevent the
magazine being jarred to pieces.
The sear T is held in position in the slot S by the triangular part X of the pin W,
so that crank V, sear T, and safety bolt Y move together under the action of the
trigger U. As the crank V must be turned up into the slot to engage with the
recess Z in the safety bolt Y, the pin of same is inserted into the sear when said
sear is about 45 degrees from the horizontal position it occupies in Figure 3, and
upon moving it up it takes the crank V into the slot of the shoe to engage the
bolt Y.
The arm is actuated in the following manner :-
The clip g' is filled with a number of cartridges corresponding to the capacity of
the magazine and inserted at M, M, resting upon the ledge N above the throat of
the magazine which of course must be opened by raising the thumb piece to its
highest limit as represented in Figure 1. A downward pressure is exerted upon the
uppermost cartridge of the series preferably by the thumb to push them out of the
clip past the spring.lips s, t, into the magazine, where they will be retained. by said
lips s, t, at the rear and front end respectively of the magazine throat. The clip is
then removed.
The rifle may now be used. either as a repeating or single loading arm, in the
former case, the magazine throat is open in the position indicated at Figure 6, and
in the latter, the throat is shut as clearly shown at Figure 7 of.the annexed drawings.
When the magazine throat is open the uppermost cartridge contained therein
projects slightly above and in the path of the bolt head G', which on being pushed
forward, forces said cartridge up the oblique incline C to withdraw same from
under the lip tinto the firing chamber.
The lug and extractor Y enter the recesses P and Q respectively the lug I

page_text: by engaging with the recess P prevents the head G¹ from turning when the handle E¹
is turned down to lock the projecting rib J¹ behind the abutment lug D" to resist
the pressure resulting from the explosion of the cartridge when fired.
To guard against the possibility of any accidental discharge during manipulation,
and prevent the bolt unlocking by the force of the explosion, I arrange in the one case,
that the trigger cannot be pulled until the bolt is completely turned down to release
the projecting nose of the sear T from behind the projection of the striker head
and the hole F' directly opposite to safety bolt Y; and in the other, that the safety
bolt Yat the time of discharge is moved into the hole F¹ of the bolt handle E¹ by
the downward movement of the sear to free the striker head.
The striker head L' and pin P₁ are impelled forward by the spring Q until
the sleeve S' reaches the shoulder S". The momentuin imparted by the spring Q
carries the nose of the striker pin P¹ beyond the end of the bolt head G' into the
detonating cap of the cartridge and the studs T", T', beyond the slots U¹ of the
sleeve S¹ into the recesses G compressing the spring from the rear by the forward
movement of the locking sleeve R¹ and striker head L', the striker head and pin
are caused to rebound and resume their normal position by the back pressure of the
spring upon the locking sleeve R'.
To extract the cartridge the bolt is turned up, causing the incline w of the bolt
to bear against the incline E of the shoe to produce a cam like action, so that a
great pressure is exerted by the extractor Y' upon the cartridge to start same from
its chamber with a less applied force than would otherwise be necessary.
By drawing the bolt completely back until the lugs H', 'abut against the
stops D, D, the cartridge is withdrawn from the chamber and ejected over the side
of the shoe by contact with the spring ejector stop K in the usual manner.
This operation may he successively repeated until the magazine is exhausted.
The striker can be cocked without moving the bolt by pulling it back with the
finger and thumb, the projection M₁ limiting the movement to that absolutely
necessary by meeting the obstruction J of the tail piece G.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the striker head and pin have a to and
fro motion independently of the bolt but by being sectioned into it in the manner
shown it must turn with it during the locking and unlocking operations.
Figures 34 to 42 inclusive represent various forms of combined spring and
cartridge pushers applicable to any of the magazines shown by providing that the
holes for the reception of the free ends are in a corresponding position in the
central shaft or collars d.
Referring more particularly to Figures 40, 41, and 42, it will be noticed that they
are all made from a single wire variously twisted to obtain a like result.
Either of the above springs may be armoured or stiffened by having a metal
plate clinched upon them by turning the edges of same over the arm, as in
Figure 32, or they may have a small strip tightly wrapped around said arm x
without the plate, as may be desired.
By recessing or grooving the magazine collars d in the manner clearly shown in
side elevation at Figure 34, the magazine may be used indiscriminately for rim and
rimless cartridges. The cartridges in both cases are supported by the collar d, the
annular groove d¹ affording room for the projecting rims of such cartridges if they
be used without in any way impairing the efficiency of the magazine.
Figure 35 is an alternative arrangement for use with rim cartridges which in this
case are supported upon star sleeves y, y¹, that revolve freely upon the central
shaft a under the action of the spring b, the arm & of which is bent into the slots z
of the star sleeve, Figure 36, and are held in their respective positions by the
collars ¹.
In the magazine shown in connection with the arm at Figure 3, and in detail at
Figures 30 to 33, the spring retaining lip s is cut and turned out from the metal at
the mouth of the magazine, it may however be formed in the manner shown
at Figures 43 and 44 by turning up an extended piece of metal of the incline g in
the form of a cradle s, or I may effect the same purpose by forming the space

page_text: between the points el Figure 45 a little too narrow to admit a cartridge freely and
cut a transverse slit f' to give greater elasticity, so that the points e will readily
give when cartridges are being forced into the magazine, and yet retain them until
pushed out by the bolt.
By boring out the screw fin the manner shown, I am enabled to stow away a
cleaning rod of greater length than is usual or possible in ordinary magazine arms
by inserting the end of the rod projecting beyond the rear of the forestock through
the screw into the central shaft a.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of projecting lugs on the bolt head with stop or abutment
lugs formed on the rear end of the shoe as and for the purpose substantially as
described and shown.
2. In a bolt of a small arm, the construction of the various parts, whereby the
same can be easily removed from the shoe, taken apart, and assembled without
detaching any fixed parts in the manner as described and shown.
3. The combination of a magazine with a hollow screw f, spring i, cross-head
and thumb picce h, and arranging same in its shoe recess, all in the manner and for
the purpose as described and substantially as shown.
4. The safety notch X" to catch and secure the striker, as described and shown.
5. Stop or tail lug J for the purpose as described.
6. The form and application of a spring ejector stop, substantially as described
and shown.
7. Annular groove or recess d' in collar of magazine shaft for the purpose
described.
8. Method of forming spring lip s, Figure 31, for the purpose described.
Dated this on day or may
1134.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Murray Haines Durst.