IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING.
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Durand, of Lyons, in the Empire of France,
but at present residing at Queen's Hotel, St. Martin's-le-Grand, London,
Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING.".
Sealed the 12th June 1866, and dated the 19th December 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Durand at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th December 1865.
I, LOUIS DURAND, of Lyons, in the Empire of France, but at present
residing at the Queen's Hotel, St. Martin's-le-Grand, London, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the effecting of the discharge of colors from and
in the prevention of the application of color to fabrics, tissues, or fibres which
have been or which are intended to be dyed or printed with colors produced
from aniline or other bodies, and which are known in commerce as coal-tar
dyes, or dyes derived from coal, and consist in the employment of finely-
divided zinc, or of any other metal capable of decomposing water or the
vapour of water at an elevated temperature, in conjunction with a soluble
bisulphite, by preference bisulphite of soda, which when brought in contact
with or when printed upon fabrics, figures, or fibres dyed or to be dyed with
any of the before-mentioned dyes or colors will, when in presence of water at

page_text: a high temperature, or when subjected to the action of steam, act as a
reducing and decolorising agent.
In carrying out my Invention I make a mixture consisting of finely-divided
metal, by preference zinc, which is held in suspension by means of a solution
of gum and a solution of a bisulphite, by preference bisulphite of soda, and
..after thorough incorporation I apply such mixture either by means of blocks,
rollers, or by any of the other ordinary means to the dyed fabrics, tissues, or
fibres which are to be operated upon.
When it is intended that fabrics, tissues, or fibres which are to be printed
upon should have figures, spaces, or patterns left free or uncoloured thereon,
I print or block such mixture upon them, and when it has become dry I
proceed with the dying processes; as is well understood, and when such appli-
cation has been allowed to become dry, the goods subjected to the action of
steam, whereby the color is discharged or decolorised.
In addition to the employment of finely-divided metals and of the
hyposulphites for the purposes herein mentioned, I sometimes employ in con-
Junction therewith either a solution of a bisulphate, such, for example, as
bisulphate of soda, or a solution of an acid which does not materially act upon
finely-divided zinc at ordinary. temperatures, such,. for example, as. arsenious
acid, or mixtures of the above may be employed, which may be thickened
by means of gum or other thickening or adhesive substances as before
mentioned.
In practice I have. found that good results are. obtained when the ingre-
dients are employed in about the following proportions, viz., 75 parts by
weight of finely-divided zinc, 60 parts by weight of a saturated solution of
gum, or of other adhesive or thickening substance, and 15-parts by-weight of
a cold saturated solution of bisulphite of soda..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Durand in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th June 1866.
TO. ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Louis
DURAND, of Lyons, in the Empire of France, but at present residing at
Queen's Hotel, St. Martin's-le-Grand, London, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS: Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord: One thousand, eight hundred and sixty-five; in the 29th year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Louis Durand, Her special license that I, the said Louis Durand, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Louis
Durand, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter-during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYING AND
PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Louis Durand,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed; and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent
:
NOW. KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Durand, do hereby declare tlie
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained. in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the effecting of the discharge of colors. from
and in the prevention of the application of color to- fabrics, tissues; or fibres
which have been or which are intended to be dyed or printed with colors pro
duced from aniline or other bodies, and which are known in commerce as
coal-tar dyes, or dyes derived from coal, and. consists in the employment of
finely divided zinc, or of any other metal capable of decomposing water or the
vapor of water at an elevated temperature, in conjunction with any soluble
bisulphite, but by preference with the bisulphite of soda, which when brought
in contact with or when printed upon fabrics, tissues, or fibres dyed or to be
dyed, with any of the before-mentioned dyes or colors, will, when in presence
of water at a high temperature, or when subjected to the action of steam act
as a reducing and decolorizing agent.
In carrying out my Invention I make a mixture consisting of finely-divided
metal, by preference zinc, which is held in suspension by means of a solution
of gum and a solution of a bisulphite, by preference bisulphite of soda, and
after thorough incorporation I apply such mixture either by means of blocks,
rollers, or by any of the other ordinary means to the dyed fabrics, tissues, or
fibres which are to be operated upon.
When it is intended that fabrics, tissues, or fibres which are to be printed
upon should have figures, spaces, or patterns left free or uncolored thereon, I
print or block such mixture upon them, and when it has become dry I

page_text: proceed with the dying processes as is well understood, and when such appli-
cation has been allowed to become dry the goods are subjected to the
action of steam, whereby the color is discharged or decolorized. By adding
coloring matter to the discharge a color is obtained according to the nature
of the coloring matter so introduced in lieu of a white.
In addition to the employment of finely-divided metals and of the bisul-
phites in the manner and for the purposes herein mentioned, I sometimes
employ in conjunction therewith either a solution of a bisulphate, such, for
example, as bisulphate of soda, or a solution of an acid which does not
materially act upon finely-divided zinc at ordinary temperatures, such, for
example, as arsenious acid, or mixtures of the above may be employed, which
may be thickened by means of gum or other thickening or adhesive sub-
stances as before mentioned.
In practice I have found that good results are obtained when the ingre-
dients are employed in about the following proportions, namely, 75 parts by
weight of finely divided zinc, 60 parts by weight of a saturated solution of
gum or of other adhesive or thickening substance, and 15 parts by weight of
a cold saturated solution of bisulphite of soda.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the effecting the discharge of color.
from and the preventing the application of color to fabrics and fibrous
materials which have been or which are intended to be dyed or printed upon
with what are known as coal-tar dyes or colors, substantially in the manner
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Durand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of May, One thousand eight hundred