IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTEINE SUBSTANCES, TO BE USED MORE ESPECIALLY IN CALICO PRINTING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Harris Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTEINE SUBSTANCES, TO BE
USED MORE ESPECIALLY IN CALICO PRINTING." A communication from
abroad by Emil Ritter von Portheim, of Prague, in the Empire of Austria.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Harris Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1881.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings, London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PROTEINE SUBSTANCES, TO BE USED MORE ESPECIALLY IN CALICO-PRINTING."
[A communication from abroad by Emil Ritter von Portheim, of Prague, in the
Empire of Austria.]
The materials employed according to this Invention for the manufacture of
proteine substances, designed to be used more especially in calico printing, are
fibrine, meat, caseine, gluten, and insoluble or coagulated albumen of eggs or blood.
Of the raw material a quantity equivalent to one hundred parts by weight of
the same material in a dry state is ground together with about four parts by
weight of alkali, and solution is effected by gentle heat and the addition of a
small quantity of water. If the solution should still have an alkaline reaction, it is
nearly neutralized by the addition of hydrochloric acid. For the solution of caseine
it is advisable to heat nearly to boiling point. For the solution of albumen which
has become insoluble, or of caseine, a solution of chloride of calcium is added, and
the mixture is heated in order to effect complete coagulation, and the material is
then dissolved in alkali without boiling. Gluten is purified by allowing it to
become liquid by exposure to air for some days, and by then precipitating it with
carbonate of soda, afterwards washing it and finally dissolving it in alkali.
The solutions obtained in the manner above described are evaporated and dried
in the same manner as is usual with respect to albumen of eggs.
Before using the material or substance so produced, for instance, for calico
printing, about four parts of chloride of calcium are added to one hundred parts of
the said material. Instead of chloride of calcium any other soluble salt of calcium
or a soluble salt of barium, strontium, or magnesium may be employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Harris Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th October 1881.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PROTEINE SUBSTANCES, TO BE USED MORE ESPECIALLY IN CALICO PRINTING."
A communication from abroad by Emil Ritter von Portheim, of Prague, in the
Empire of Austria.
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of proteine substances,
to be used more especially in calico printing, and has for its object to change the
qualities of certain proteine substances which are unservicable for many purposes,
especially for cotton printing, on account of their insolubility or imperfect coagu-
lation; this change of the qualities of the proteine substances is effected in order
to render them serviceable for the said purposes with quite the same result as that
which has been attained by the proteine substances hitherto used..
To obtain a product which is quite as valuable as blood-albumen or albumen of
eggs, as regards its aspect, solubility, coagulation, and the manner of using it,
fibrine, meat, either raw or that which remains as an accessory product in manu-
facturing Liebig's extract of meat, further albumen which has become insoluble or
has been coagulated, caseine, gluten, the proteine of ground nuts, or the like, are
used as raw material, and are treated in the following manner, that is to say :-
The substance is reduced to pieces of suitable size, washed with water, and poured
into a solution of alkali, which may be either caustic soda or caustic potash. To
100 parts by weight of the dried substance about 4 parts by weight of the alkali
dissolved in 200 to 250 parts by weight of water are added. The whole is heated
to from 90° to 100° centigrade, and after about five hours the solution will be
effected.
To make this solution quite equal in all its qualities to a solution of blood-
albumen, I either add about 4 per cent. of a solution containing 40 per cent. of
glycerine, sulphate of calcium, or glycerine-phosphate of calcium; or there is added
about 4 per cent. of a mixture of chloride of caicium, and an alkaline salt of citric,
or tartaric, or metaphosphoric acid.
י
The said solutions coagulate entirely in the operation of steaming which takes place
in cotton printing, and are to be dried on plates of zinc at 40° centigrade, exactly
as is done with solutions of common albumen, and they are afterwards quite soluble
in water.
Without the additions already mentioned, the solution has all the qualities of
ordinary albumen except that of coagulating. But after the addition of chlorides
of calcium, barium, strontium, or magnesium, sulphate of calium, hydrate or oxide
of aluminium, oxide of zinc, oxide of magnesium, carbonate of calcium in mixture
with bi-carbonate of soda, the solution has the quality of coagulating when steamed.
These additions coagulate the solution when dried upon plates at a temperature
of 40° centigrade, and if the glycerine-sulphate of calcium or the like has not
previously been used, they are added just before the colour is mixed.
To regenerate blood-albumen which has become "insoluble," as it is termed, it
becomes necessary to first precipitate a part of it which is soluble, but not capable
of coagulating with the chloride of calcium; this is then added to the principal
part which is really insoluble, and then washed and dissolved in alkali as above
described.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
The improvements in the manufacture of proteine substances as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Harris Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
HENRY H. LAKE. (LS.).