IN- AND COMPOSING MANCINES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Young and William Young, both of 119,
Gower Street; in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IN-
AND COMPOSING MANCINES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Young and
William Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd January 1866.
We, ARTHUR YOUNG and WILLIAM YOUNG, both of 119, Gower Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in type distributing and
composing machines, and the improvements relate to the machines known as
Young's type composing and distributing machines. Patents relating to these.
machines were obtained by James Hadden Young on the 14th June 1858,
(No. 1341), on the 9th April 1859 (No. 889), on the 10th March 1860
(No. 650), on the 20th July 1860 (No. 1769), and by one of us on the 14th
March 1868 (No. 697).
follows:-
The improvements in the type distributing machine are as
Instead of causing the types taken by nippers out of reservoirs and then

page_text: deposited on an inclined plane to pass into tubes, and from these to be pushed
into the grooves of the travelling chains as described in the Specification of
the Patent, No. 697, we propose to dispense with these tubes and pushers and
to allow the types to slide at once from the inclined plane on to the grooves of
the first or upper chain, and we propose to do so in every case where the
types have to pass from inclined planes on to the grooves of the chains, as, for
instance, in the cases herein-after mentioned, where the types pass from the
'inclined planes leading from the so-called carriers on to the grooves of the second
or lower chain, and in order to effect this object we propose to hinge the upper
division of each link of the chain, that viz., nearest the side on which the
inclined planes terminate in such manner as to allow of its being raised to a
slanting position on a line with the inclined plane, whilst to prevent the types
that may slide on to these hinged pieces sliding off again on the opposite side we
either provide a general stationary or fixed stop or bar opposite to the descent
of the types, or we otherwise provide each link with a separate self-acting stop
or slide raised by the descent of another division of the link to which we shall
now refer. Hitherto the types have been pushed off the chain by means of
scrapers, and on to a bar made capable of tilting so as to allow the types that
have been pushed on to it to slide off again when it is made to assume its
inclined position. Instead of this plan we now propose that the scrapers
should push the types on to that division of each link of the chain which is on
the side nearest the carriers, each such division being hinged or otherwise so
arranged as to admit of its falling and rising again like a trap door, in such
manner therefore as to answer the purpose of the tilting bar described above.
This division of the link will be made to descend by its own weight, and be
raised again by means of a sliding bar or lift, or by any other suitable means,
whilst the raising of the division of each link of the chain first described to a
slanting position in a line with the inclined planes, will be effected by the
ordinary movement of the chains drawing these divisions at the appropriate
places up an inclined plane, whilst their replacement in a horizontal position
will be effected by the further progression of the chains causing these divisions
to descend along a reverse inclined plane, or both movements of these
divisions may be effected by lifts or other suitable means.
the
In the Specification of the Patent No. 2135, various methods of collecting
type from the upper chain of the distributing machine were described; we
now propose to collect the type from the upper chain in the following manner:
-The type are, as heretofore, delivered from the chain in classes, and by
means of scrapers, the types of a class as they pass from the chain are
received on to an inclined plane, down which they slide until arrested by a

page_text: horizontal ledge which, together with the corresponding portion of the plane
on which the types lie and a bar or stop in connection, we term a "carrier."
A "carrier" is of sufficient width to arrest all the types of a class as they
fall from the chain, and also to permit of a reserve space, which we call a
"receiver," betwixt the part of the carrier on which they fall and the stop.
The type arrested on a carrier are pushed towards the stop and pressed up
against it by a pusher which we call a "collector," and on the withdrawal or
backward motion of the collector the type nearest the stop slides through an
interval or opening in the ledge of the carrier, down an inclined plane and on
upon the second or lower chain. As the number of type pressed against the
stop by the collector varies each collector is provided with a spring to modify
its action suitably. In order to promote the descent of the types form a
carrier the stop is by the withdrawal of the collector made to descend, and
thus to touch the type nearest it slightly. The same purpose may also be
obtained by a stationary stop and the touching of the type nearest it by a so-
called "starter." The number of carriers belonging to any distributing
machine is determined by the number of classes such machine is intended to
contain. To economize space we intend placing the carriers in two rows
chequerwise, therefore one row below the other, but in such manner that
although the carriers of one row partially overlap those of the other, neither
the descent of the type from the upper chain upon the carriers of the lower
row nor their descent from the carriers of the upper row towards the lower
chain shall be impeded.
We propose giving those scrapers which act on the nicks of types presented
sideways a lateral motion when they are raised and withdrawn in addition
to the to-and-fro movement; this we accomplish by attaching them to a slide
rest placed above the bar, which is worked to and fro by eccentrics. The
fixed bar which has hitherto been placed in front of the reservoirs is now
made to descend on the advance of the nippers in order to facilitate their
action. As the reservoirs of the distributing machine are placed on a different
level than the inclined plane leading to chain, we propose giving the nippers
a dipping as well as a to-and-fro movement.
In order to facilitate the emptying of the final receivers we propose to make
them so that they may be made to drop wholly or partially by means of
hinges.
Besides the methods we have adopted of taking the types from reservoirs,
whether in the composing or distributing machines, by means of levers and
nippers, we now also propose to adopt the method of pneumatic suction
and atmospheric pressure for the same purposes, by the alternate exhaustion

page_text: and filling again of tubes of suitable sizes and forms applied to columns of
type, or by the compression of air to be driven through similar tubes.
The improvements in the type composing machine are as follows:-The
reservoirs hitherto used in the composing machine have been made in double,'
that is, provided with two grooves, each of which was appropriated to: a
distinct letter, whilst the box on which the column of type rested formed part
of the machine itself to which the lever for pushing the types out of the
reservoirs was also attached. Now, we propose to make each reservoir
complete in itself apart from the machine, and to consist of a grooved channel
box or rest and part of an inclined plane, the whole provided with a lever,
and every two of these self-contained reservoirs we propose adjusting to the
machine by means of a socket attached to the machine, or to a separate .bar
capable of being fixed to the machine, or by any other suitable; mean's...We
also propose giving the tail piece of the composing machine a curve eitlier. to
the right or left.
Hitherto a hand lever has been used in the. justifying apparatus to depress
cach line of type when justified; we now propose using a treddle for the same
purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Young and William Young in the Great Seal. Patent
Office on the 29th June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARTHUR
YOUNG and WILLIAM YOUNG, both of 119, Gower Street, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Arthur Young and William Young, Her special licence that
we, the said Arthur Young and William Young, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Arthur Young and William
Young, our executors, administrators; and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter 'during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: TYPE DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Arthur Young and William Young, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Young, on behalf of myself
and the said Arthur Young, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,, that is to say:
This Invention. has for its object improvements in type distributing and
composing machines, and the improvements relate to the machines known as
Young's type composing and distributing machines. Patents relating to these
machines. were obtained by James Hadden Young on the 14th Juno 1858:
(No. 1841), on the 9th April 1859 (No. 889), on the 10th March 1860.
(No. 650), on the 20th July 1860 (No. 1769), by one of us on the 14th
March 1863 (No. 697), and on the 18th August 1865 (No.. 2185) by
ourselves.
.
The improvements in the type distributing machines are as follows —
Instead of causing the types taken by nippers out of reservoirs and then
déposited on an inclined plane to pass into tubes, and from these to be pushed
into the grooves of the travelling chain as described in the Specification of the
Patent, No. 697, we propose to dispense with these tubes and pushers and
to allow the types to slide at once from the inclined plane on to the grooves
of the first or upper chain, and we propose to do so in other cases where the
types have to pass from inclined planes on to the grooves of the chains, as, for
instance, in the cases herein-after mentioned where the types pass from the
inclined planes leading from the so-called carriers on to the grooves of the
second or lower chain. And in order to somewhat tilt the types as they pass
from the nippers to the chain, as is necessary in order to present the nicks on
one or other of their edges to the scraper, we form the bottom of the channels
or grooves in the chain, or both the bottoms of the grooves or channels in. the
chain, and also in the inclined plane at an angle, and so cause the type to.
tilt as it falls on the bottom of one or other of these channels. This arrange-.
ment is, however, not applicable when the type in passing from one point to.
another has to be turned to a considerable extent, we then employ tubes as
heretofore.

page_text: In those cases where we are able to dispense with the tubes we propose to
hinge the
upper division of each link of the chain, that viz., nearest the side
on which the inclined planes terminate, in such manner as to allow of its
being raised to a slanting position on a line with the inclined plane, whilst to
prevent the types that may slide on to these hinged pieces sliding off again on
the opposite side we either provide a general stationary or fixed stop or bar
opposite to the descent of the types, or. we otherwise provide each link with a
separate self-acting stop or slide raised by the descent of another division of
the link to which we shall now refer.
Hitherto the types have been pushed off the chain by means of scrapers;
and on to a bar made capable of tilting so as to allow the types that have
been pushed on to it to slide off again when it is made to assume its inclined
position. Instead of this plan we now propose that the scrapers should push
the types on to that division of each link of the chain which is on the side
nearest the carriers, each such division being hinged or otherwise so arranged
as to admit of its falling and rising again like a trap door, in such manner
therefore as to answer the purpose of the tilting bar described above. This
division of the link will be made to descend by its own weight, and be raised
again by means of a sliding bar or lift or by any other suitable means whilst
the raising of the division of each link of the chain first described to a slanting
position in a line with the inclined planes will be effected by the ordinary
movement of the ebains drawing these divisions at the appropriate places up
an inclined plane, whilst their replacement in a horizontal position will be
effected by the further progression of the chains causing these divisions to
descend along a reverse inclined plane, or both movements of these divisions
may be effected by lifts or other suitable means.
Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal sections, and Figure 3 is an end view of
the machine; in these views the reservoirs a are shewn with an inclined
plane b leading to and terminating at the chain c; the grooves or channels of
the inclined plane 6 marked b¹ to 6ª, being each respectively opposite and
leading to the grooves to c³ of four links of the chain c, each link of the
chain having two grooves in this instance, though we do not confine ourselves
to any particular number of grooves in a link. Now, when as described in
our Patent 2135, the types are dropped from the nippers on to the inclined
plane 6 they descend along its channels 6 to 63 and pass from these directly
on to the links c¹ to c on the side nearest to the inclined plane b, that part of
each link having for that purpose been raised in a slanting position
to correspond to the inclination of the inclined plane b.
We will now describe two methods by which this may be accomplished,

page_text: other methods than those described may, however, be adopted in place
thereof.
Figure 4 is an end view of one link; and Figure 6 is a back view of three
links shown also in plan at Figure 7, as constructed when used in conjunction
with a stationary stop and a fixed incline for raising the back part of each link
when required to receive types; for this purpose each link is composed of at
least three pieces.
:
First, a lower part c* sustaining the upper parts and forming the true
chain, being provided with flanges to slide in grooves and hinges to enable-it
to be moved in curves on a horizontal table as described in Patent 2135.
Secondly, of a part co immediately above the former, and attached to it
by means of a hinge shewn at 2, and provided with a projecting piece or
lever y.
Thirdly, of another upper part c* on a level with the latter, but fronting
it, and only suspended or attached to the first part c* by means of a hinge, as
also shown at 2, Figure 4.
Now when any of the links of the chain are brought in front of the
inclined plane b, the front part c* not being sustained descends by its own
weight, which admits of part co being raised by means of its lever y passing
up an inclined plane placed parallel to the chain, and immediately in front of
the inclined plane 6, as shown in Figures 1, 10, and 12, where d is a cross
section of the fixed incline parallel to the chain, and the links of the latter
are exhibited in the positions described above, with the exception that. in
Figure 10 the front part of the link is omitted. This arrangement for raising
the back part co of each link applies more particularly to the upper chain,
as we prefer to effect it otherwise with the lower chain. With the lower
chain instead of a fixed incline we prefer using a lifting bar which acts on
the parts y of each link, and so raises them to the inclination required, the
pieces y being by preference placed slightly higher on the links of the lower
chain than are those of the upper chain, and the bar instead of acting directly
on these pieces y is provided with steel projections to give à longer leverage
and form at the same time a kind of spring to prevent undue pressure.
After the types have descended from the inclined plane 6 on to the pieces co
of each link of the upper chain they are prevented sliding off again .imme-
diately by a stationary stop, an end view of which is shewn at e, Figures 10
and 12; the stop is composed of a bar attached by elbow pieces to the sides
of the inclined plane b by means of screws, one of which is shown atf,
Figures 10 and 12, the bar in question being placed at such a distance from
the inclined plane 6 as to admit of the hindmost part of co of each link sliding

page_text: close against it with that part of it which is the furthest removed from the
inclined plane b. This arrangement applies more particularly to the upper
chain, for we have slightly modified it for the lower chain. The stop in the
latter case consists of a small bar g, Figure 24, pivotting on two cross pieces 7,
attached to each inclined plane X leading from the collectors and provided
with a counterbalance weight w.
We will now proceed to describe another mode for effecting the movement
above described of the part co of each link. We provide the front part c*
of link, see Figure 5, with a tongue piece h which passes through a slide or
moveable stop i attached to that part co of link which abuts on part cof
link, so that. when the latter descends by its own weight it will cause the
tongue piece h attached to it to rise, and in so doing to raise the slide i
sufficiently high to form a stop or ledge to prevent any types that may have
slid on to the link co, sliding off again; the part co of link is raised by an
incline as in the former arrangement, and only resumes its horizontal position
when the chain having been moved it slides off the plane rest d, whilst the
front part is at the same time brought over the lifting bar, which raises it,
and thereby causes the tongue piece h to descend, and this releases the slide i,
and causes it to resume its former position..
Now when the types have descended from the reservoirs on to the parts co
of each link situated in front of the inclined plane b, these parts resume their
former horizontal position as they are moved along by sliding down the
opposite incline of the piece d,, as already mentioned, and as the chain
progresses they are brought beneath the plates and scrapers as described in
former. Patents. The scrapers then by means of the nicks push the type
from part co on to part c of each link, those two parts of the link being at
that time in a horizontal position and in close contact in consequence of the
part chaving been raised by means of a bar worked by eccentrics. This bar
on the withdrawal of the scrapers descends, and the part c* of each link
immediately over it also descends by its own weight and allows the type that
may be ling on it to slide off. An end view of these lower and upper
lifting bars is shown at L, L, Figure 1.
"
In the Specification of the Patent No. 2135 various methods of collecting
the type from the upper chain of the distributing machine were described, we
now propose to collect the type from the upper chain in the following
manner The type are, as heretofore, delivered from the chain in classes and
by means of scrapers, the types of a class as they pass from the chain are
received on to an inclined plane down which they slide until arrested by a
horizontal ledge which, together with the corresponding, portion of the plane

page_text: "
on which the types lie, and a bar or stop in connection we term a carrier."
A carrier is of sufficient width. to arrest all the types of a class as they fall
from the chain, and also to permit of a reserve space, which we call a
receiver," betwixt the part of the carrier on which they fall and the stop. The
type arrested on a carrier are pushed towards the stop and pressed up against
it by a pusher, which we call a "collector," and on the withdrawal or back-
ward motion of the collector the type nearest the stop slides through an interval
or opening in the ledge of the carrier, down an inclined plane, and on to the
second or lower chain. As the number of type pressed against the stop by the
collector varies each collector is provided with a spring to modify its action
suitably.
:
In order to promote the descent of the types from a carrier the stop is by
the withdrawal of the collector made to descend, and thus to touch the type
nearest it slightly. The same purpose may also be obtained by a stationary.
stop, and the touching of the type nearest it by a so-called "starter." The:
number of carriers belonging to. any distributing: machine is determined by
the number of classes such machine is intended to contain. To economize
space we in some cases place the carriers in two rows chequerwise, therefore
one row below the other, but in such manner that although the carriers of one.
row partially overlap those of the other, neither the descent of the types from
the upper chain upon the carriers of the lower row, nor their descent from the
carriers of the upper row towards the lower chain shall be impeded. The
carriers are shown in reduced scale in plan at %, Figure 13, and in full-size
plan in Figure 14, where is the carrier of one class and that of another ;.
j,j, are types that have slid, from the chain on to it and are stopped by the
ledge ; m is the collector which is attached to a sliding barn, shewn in.
Figure 15, by a connection passing through the opening in the carrier..
Now when the collector m by the action of the sliding bar n moves in the
direction of the stop rit pushes the type or types that may be on the carrier
towards this stop r, which as shewn at Figure 15 forms part of a lever.
pivotting on a centre pin attached to the under side of the carrier; the upper.or
stop part of the lever passing through a hole of the carrier so as to appear'
slightly above its level, and kept in this position by means of a spring s acting
on the other extreme end of the lever situated underneath the carrier. Now
when the collector presses a type against the stop, whether singly or by means
of intervening types, and the bar n which propels it has not completed its.
stroke a spring s attached to the slide which forms part of the collector
allows the latter to remain at rest until the bar n, after completing its stroke,
returns and withdraws it to its former position, and the pressure against the

page_text: type or types being thus also withdrawn enables the type nearest the stop to
slide off the carrier, its descent being facilitated by a slight touch of the stop
which is made to descend at the same time by a pin attached to the slide t
coming in contact, and thereby raising the end of the lever stop.
We propose giving those scrapers which act on the nicks of types presented
sideways a lateral motion when they are raised and withdrawn in addition to
the to-and-fro movement. This we accomplish by attaching them to a slide
rest placed above the bar which is worked to and fro by eccentrics, or this
motion may be given to the scrapers in the manner shown in the Drawing;
in this case the lateral motion of the scrapers is obtained by not attaching
them to the bar which moves then forward and backward, but simply by
confining their ends E, see Figure 25, by means of a pin p inserted at that
end, in a slot of the said bar. The fixed bar which has hitherto been placed
in front of the reservoir is now made to descend on the advance of the nippers
in order to facilitate their action. B is the bar, see Figure 12, held up in
front of the reservoirs by means of the spring D, and made to descend to the
position shown by the action of two pins F attached to its upper end, but of
which only one is shewn on the curved piece H attached to and moving with
the slide frame S.
As the reservoirs of the distributing machine are placed on a different
level than the inclined plane leading to chain we propose giving the nippers
à dipping as well as a to-and-fro movement.
The dipping motion of
nippers is effected by the action of a small lever R, see Figures 1 and 2,
which is connected by a centre pin to the plate rest of the nippers N situated
between the two extreme ends of the slide frame S. Thus when the nippers ȧre
withdrawn from the reservoirs, the upper end of the lever R comes in contact with
a pin M projecting from the bracket T attached to the frame of the machine,
and is pressed down as the slide frame S continues to move in the same
direction, and thereby tilts the plate rest with nippers which are thus dipped
until their nipping ends are brought in close proximity to the inclined
plane b, as shown.
In order to facilitate the emptying of the final receivers we propose to
make them so that they may be made to drop wholly or partially by means of
hinges. This arrangement is shown at A, Figures 1 and 2.
Besides the methods we have adopted of taking the types from reservoirs,
whether in the composing or distributing machines, by means of levers and
nippers, we now also propose to adopt the method of pneumatic suction and
atmospheric pressure for the same purposes by the alternate exhaustion
and filling again of tubes of suitable sizes and forms applied to columns of.

page_text: type, or by the compression of air to be driven through similar tubes. For
this purpose we fix a box B, see Figure 16, which shews a plan view. of
reservoirs at the end G of the slide franie S; connected by one or more.tubes
C'to a main tube D running. parallel to the box B; and attached by both
ends to the slide S, the end E being connected by means of elastic or other
tubes to a fan or any suitable atmospheric engine. The box B is further
provided with as many mouth-pieces or tubes F opening into it as there may
be number of reservoirs. Now when the box B' by means of the slide S
causes the tubes F to enter the reservoirs and severally press against each
column of type, the air having been exhausted from the box B presses the.
foremost type of each column into close contact with the tube immediately.
opposite to it, where it remains whilst the box B is withdrawn, and by a dipping
motion similar to that employe for the nippers, as described above, com-
bined with a partial rising of the inclined plane b, which is furnished with a
joint at z for that purpose, brings each type close to its corresponding channel
in the inclined plane b, when it is caused to drop by a valve V of the box B
being opened and admitting the air by coming in contact with a stop pin R
attached to the frame of the macliine. The raising of the inclined plane bis
effected by means, of a booked piece N attached to the box B passing under-
neath it as the latter dips.
The improvements in the type composing machine are as follows:-The
reservoirs hitherto used in the composing machine bave been made in double,
that is, provided with two grooves, each of which was appropriated to a
distinct letter, whilst the box on which the column of type rested formed part
of the machine itself to which the lever for pushing the types out of the
reservoirs was also attached. Now we propose to make each reservoir
complete in itself apart from the machine, and to consist of a grooved
channel box or rest and part of an inclined plane, the whole provided with a
lever, and every two of these self-contained reservoirs we propose adjusting
to the machine by means of a socket attached to the machine, or to a
separate bar capable of being fixed to the machine, or by any other suitable
means.
Figure 17 is a front view of two self-contained reservoirs, Figure 18
being a side view of one. L are the levers pivotting on centre pins attached
to the box N of each reservoir, the centre pins a being attached to small
levers W, which are again connected to rods y, as shown at Figures 19 and 20,
and these are again attached to the keys of the keyboard, as described in
former Patents. The lower part of the boxes N are dropped into a socket
in the bar Y, see Figure 20, which is attached to the framework of the

page_text: machine X. The inclined planes in the reservoirs, shown by the dotted lines
at r in Figures 18 and 20, are brought in immediate connection with the
inclined plane of the composing machine, as shown at x in Figure 20. The
small screws p shown in Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, are used for adjusting the
opening for the exit from the reservoirs of any required thickness of type.
Hitherto a hand lever has been used in the justifying apparatus to depress
each line of type when justified; we now propose using a treadle for the same
purpose. A side view of a treadle acting in this manner is shown in
Figure 21, and a plan view at Figure 22, another arrangement is also shewn
at Figure 23. The advantage of employing a treadle for this purpose is that
the hands of the operator are then both left free.'
In witness whereof, I, the said William Young, have hereunto set
·
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
WILLIAM YOUNG. (L.S.)