matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING FELTED CLOTH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bapty, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1859.
I, JOHN BAPTY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Foreman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING FELTED CLOTH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of felted cloths of any required
breadth from a limited width of carding engine, and the production of such
cloths in any required length. To this end I provide a travelling bat frame to
receive from a travelling endless cloth connected with the carding engine the
sliver as it is delivered from the doffer cylinder. This bat frame I mount on
carrying wheels which run on a railway so laid as to allow of the bat frame
running under the sliver receiving cloth, which is supported on and carried
round by rollers turning in what I term the sliver frame attached to the
carding engine. The bat frame is also fitted with an endless cloth, and its
backward traverse motion is simultaneous with the progressive motion of
its endless cloth. The delivery of the sliver on to and its discharge from the
apron of the sliver frame is continuous, and the sliver will therefore be laid in
zigzag lines or diagonal layers over the bat cloth. As a sufficient number of
layers is obtained the bat will leave the endless cloth and either pass directly
to the hardening machine to undergo the hardening operation previous to
felting, or be lapped on to a roller mounted on the end of the bat frame. The

page_text: length of traverse of the bat frame will depend upon the width of fabric
required to be made.
When manufacturing goods requiring different qualities of wool for the face,
back, and middle, or a mixture of wool and other fibres, I divide the working
surfaces of the carding engine into two, three, or more parts, and supply the
different qualities or kinds of fibres to separate divisions of the engine, and by
this means I obtain two or more distinct deliveries of sliver, which are laid one
upon the other on the bat frame cloth in proper- succession to ensure the
required distribution of the fibres through the bat. Below the sliver frame
I mount two or more pressing rollers, which as the bat frame is traversed
below them will press the layers of sliver stogether. By this mode of laying
the sliver to produce a bat it will be understood that the fibres when presented
to the rollers of the hardening machine will lie in lines parallel to the axles
of these rollers.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR CLEARING OFF CONDENSED STEAM FROM STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1859. A communication from abroad by Augustin Morel, of
Roubaix, in the Empire of France.
1, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR CLEARING OFF
CONDENSED STEAM FROM STEAM ENGINES," communicated to me by Augustin
Morel, of Roubaix, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
I purpose placing my apparatus beneath the cylinders of steam engines, or
adapting it wherever steam is susceptible of condensation. I lead the water
produced by the condensation of the steam in the cylinder or elsewhere through
a tube to the centre of a tap, and from thence through another tube to a
reservoir; this reservoir is connected by a double lever to a balance weight,
and when the water from the condensed steam shall more than one-third fill
the reservoir, the balance weight lifts and brings a tube leading from the
bottom of the reservoir into connection with the centre of the tap, at the same
time cutting off the connection of the centre of the tap with the first mentioned
tube, and and from thence the water runs off through an escape pipe. When
the reservoir shall thus have been drained to within one-third of its contents,
the balance weight falls and restores it to its original position, at the same
time bringing the first-mentioned tube again in connection with the centre of

page_text: the tap, and consequently with the reservoir, and cutting off all communica-
tion between the lower tube and the escape pipe. By the adoption of this
apparatus the destruction of steam machinery caused by the condensed steam,
that the negligence of the engineer may have allowed to accumulate, at the
bottom of the cylinders will be avoided, and the apparatus functioning only by
the natural weight of the condensed steam may be thoroughly confided in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 28th February
1859.
I, WILLIAM HODSON, of Kingston Square, Hull, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rotatory engines. For
these purposes one or more cylinders may be used in constructing an engine.
Each cylinder is closed at its ends, except near the centre, where it receives
and emits the steain or other actuating fluid; within the cylinders are fixed
screw-like or inclined vanes, so that steam or other fluid entering at one end
of a cylinder and passing off at the other will press on the screw-formed
or inclined vanes, and cause the cylinder to rotate with or on its axis, according
as such axis is to rotate with the cylinder or not. It is preferred to have four
inclined or screw-like vanes in each cylinder, with steam passages from a
rotatory or other suitable valve, so that steam or other actuating fluid may be
allowed to flow into the cylinder and act on the vanes in succession. When the
rotation is to be constant in one direction, one or more cylinders may be used,
having the screw-like or inclined vanes set in the same direction; but when
the engine requires to be reversed, then two or more cylinders may be used,
the screw-like or inclined vanes of one cylinder being set in opposite direc-
tions to those in the other cylinder, in such manner that one cylinder or one
set of cylinders may be at rest whilst the other is being actuated.

page_text: In some cases I cause the, screw-formed' vane or blade to make two or
more coils around an interior cylinder, and to employ triangular partitions or
vanes between the succeeding coils, and also to apply corresponding triangular
partitions on the interior of the. outer cylinder. In other arrangements, in
place of making the vanes in a screw-like form around the interior cylinder
or other suitable form, I make the vanes radial, and I pack the ends with
metallic packing, and the steam or actuating fluid is admitted at an opening on
one side of the cylinder, and allowed to escape at an opening on the other
side of the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS OR LUBRICATING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Buchanan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1859.
I, JOHN BUCHANAN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL CANS OR LUBRICATING APPARATUS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of a simple &
effective form of oil can or lubricating apparatus, such as is used in factories
and in other situations for oiling or lubricating the working details of
machinery. The oil reservoir is made in the form of a long narrow cone of
tinned plate, or other suitable material; the dropping discharge aperture
being in the extreme end of the cone point, where a simple hole may be left
for the purpose, or a small bored piece of wrought iron or other metal may
be soldered in the cone end to form the necessary oiling aperture, or a gas
burner may be inserted for a similar purpose. The base of the cone forming
the oil can consists of a capped or dished disc of tinned plate or other material
soldered on; this bottom disc is concave externally, and through its centre
there is entered a short and narrow slightly conical tube open at both ends..
This tube is soldered into the base disc, and when the oil can is upright on its.
base it stands up to a little above the height or level at which it is intended
that the oil should stand in the reservoir when newly supplied. With this
arrangement, although the oil is easily supplied to the reservoir, it cannot

page_text: escape therefrom at the base aperture, as the internally projecting tube forms
a barrier to its exit. The upper portion of the cone is surrounded by a
cupped collar ring, so that when the oil can is laid down on its side it keeps
the discharge end high enough up to prevent the oil from escaping at the
discharge aperture; this cupped ring serves also to catch all return drip from
the discharge aperture, and it may be filled with sponge or other suitable
material to aid in holding the dripped oil.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OR PREPARATIONS FOR PROMOTING THE GROWTH & OTHERWISE IMPROVING THE HAIR, & FOR THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL FOR LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Coales at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1859.
I, ROBERT COALES, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PREPARATION OR PREPARATIONS FOR PROMOTING THE GROWTH & OTHERWISE
IMPROVING THE HAIR, & FOR THE APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL FOR LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of preparations for promoting the growth & otherwise
improving the hair relates to the application of glycerine in combination with
other matters for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1859. A communication from abroad by George Rugler, Boniface
Plaz, and Jacob Rexroth, all of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
These improvements in sewing machines have more particularly for their
object the production of the back stitch as practised by hand, the apparatus
being for that purpose arranged in such manner that the needle may be
alternately seized by two pincers one acting above and the other below the
table which supports the article to be operated upon. The peculiar features
of novelty comprised under this Invention are therefore the arrangements for
producing the back, front, and side stitch, this latter by means of a slight
modification in the working of the holder by which the fabric is operated by
the combined movements of two holders which impart motion to a single needle
which is continually seized, let go, and again taken hold of and passed through
the fabric carrying with it the thread which is wound round a drum to pre-
serve it from being injured by the working parts. In combination with these
movements of the needle there are arrangements for operating the holder
which moves the fabric, this movement being double-acting, or backwards and
forwards, for the purpose of producing the back stitch. There is also an

page_text: arrangement which admits of the thread being taken hold of by an additional
holder in order to give the requisite slack to that part of it which is to be fed
to the needle, and by that means to avoid too great a drag being put upon the
thread by the needle by which the thread might be broken. The hook which
draws the thread forward is so arranged as to allow of that portion which has
just been drawn forward by the hook being protected in such manner as to
prevent its being also seized by the holder which produces the slack upon the
thread. The needle is made with pointed ends and an eye in the middle, and
is provided with side grooves to receive the thread, the section of the needle is
by preference elliptical in form.
AN IMPROVED STOCK, CRAVAT, OR NECK. MUFFLER OR WRAPPER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hooman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on. the 8th.
September 1859.
I, THOMAS HOOMAN, of 490, Oxford Street, Middlesex; do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STOCK, CRAVAT, OR NECK.
MUFFLER OR WRAPPER," to bo as follows:-
This Invention consists of a stock, cravat, muffler, or wrapper for the neck,.
very easy of application or adjustment to the neck or throat without the user
necessarily passing the hands over the head. In appearance it resembles an.
ordinary stock, cravat or a winter muffler or wrapper. It is constructed with.
a circularly curved spring or springs contained or sewn within the folded
material or fabric of which the stock, cravat, or muffler or wrapper is con-
structed, in such manner, that on distending or folding open, the curved spring
or springs extending to the back thereof, the stock,. cravat, or muffler or
wrapper is distended or folded open, and can be placed so as to enfold on
encircle the neck or throat, and without disarranging the front part thereof,
the two ends of the spring or springs closing or meeting by the elastic force,
and being self-adjusting at the back of the neck, and encircling the throat,
and retaining the fabric or material of the stock, cravat, muffler or wrapper
comfortably secure, & enveloping the neck or throat without the necessity of
tying. Or, instead of the springs, I can use two pieces of steel or other
flexible material, binged or jointed, or otherwise pliably connected in the front,

page_text: the two pieces folding so as to meet at the back of the neck, and self-adjusting,
and contained within the fabric of the stock, cravat, muffler or wrapper. In
the front of the stock, cravat, muffler, or wrapper constructed according to
my Invention, a respiratory apparatus may be sewn or affixed, so as to form
an integral part of the stock, cravat, or muffler, or wrapper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAWING STAVES & OTHER FORMS OF WOOD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Chambers and James
Chambers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th August 1859.
We, CHARLES CHAMBERS & JAMES CHAMBERS, of Archer Street, Westbourne
Grove, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAWING STAVES &
OTHER FORMS OF WOOD," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cutting or sawing
wood for cask staves and other forms of wood that deviate from direct
lines.
We mount a template on the rack or table surface on which the wood to
be cut is placed, and moved under the operation of the saw, which ten-
plate takes effect on pins projecting down from a fence, which guides the
wood under operation. This fence is jointed to an arm moving on a fixed
centre; by so mounting the fence it can be traversed across the machine, and
occupy a position parallel with the motion of the bed or rack, and it may be
inclined in any direction to that position, and this during the motion of the
machine. These parallel and inclined positions, as also the cross traverse of
the fence, are actuated and controlled by the template taking effect on the pins
or fingers before mentioned during the action of the machine, and whereby the
wood being cut is moved so as to present it to the saw in such manner as to
perform & cut curved lines, or lines running in zig-zag or irregular directions:

page_text: The fingers or pins embracing the template are adjustable so as to admit of
the necessary variations of templates for different purposes. The wood is kept
up to the swinging or universal fence, which controls the position of the wood
while under the operation of the saw by a movable fence or roller held up to
the wood by a weighted lever, as well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RETARDING AND STOPPING RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND TRAINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barnes, Samuel Pickering,
and John Roberts, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th April 1859.
We, WILLIAM BARNES & SAMUEL PICKERING, both of 127, Brick Lane,
Spitalfields, and JOHN ROBERTS, of William Street, Limehouse, all in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RETARDING AND STOPPING RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES AND
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
for
Our Invention of improvements in retarding and stopping railway engines
and trains consists in the application of an additional cylinder on one or both
sides of the engine, the piston rod or rods of which are connected by a suitable
rod to the same, or it may be to other crank pins on the driving wheel or
axle, or to the engine cranks.
The piston rod of the second cylinder is fitted so as to slide through its
piston, but has a stop on it, with an elastic packing or buffer, which confines it
to the rod, and prevents contact with the bottom end of the cylinder.
This cylinder is placed in communication with the boiler by a steam pipe
and suitable cocks or valves, and connecting gear, so that while the is turned
off from the engine, it is admitted to this second cylinder between the cover
and the piston. The steam so admitted produces an elastic obstruction to the
further rotation of the driving wheels, and thus tends to prevent the further

page_text: rotation of the driving wheels, or the wheels with which such cylinder may be
placed in communication, and so retards and ultimately stops the train;
suitable eduction pipes are also provided, the eduction being controlled in a
suitable manner by valves or cocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROTECTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, FORTS, OR BATTERIES FROM CANNON SHOT, SHELL, OR ANY OTHER PROJECTILE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Norrington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1859.
I, CHARLES NORRINGTON, of Green Bank, Plymouth, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROTECTION
OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, FORTS, OR BATTERIES FROM CANNON SHOT, SHELL, OR ANY
OTHER PROJECTILE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the protection of ships or
vessels, forts, or batteries from cannon shot, shell, or any other projectile, and
the Invention consists in the application of metallic wire to such purposes,
either separate from or in conjunction with protecting metal plating, such as
heretofore employed, but it is preferred when using protecting metal plating
that the same should be reduced in weight by being punctured or perforated
with numerous holes, wholly or partially through, or grooved or undulated on
one or both surfaces, so as to retain great strength with diminished weight.
It is preferred in using wire that the same may be laid or plaited into
a flattened form, though the wire may be otherwise formed into a suitable
fabric to be used for the purpose, and such flat ropes or fabrics are to be
affixed to the outer or inner sides of a ship or vessel, or floating or land
battery or fort in like manner to protecting plates of metal.
ropes
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bray and James William
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th May 1859.
We, JOSEPH BRAY, of Staley Bridge, in the County of Chester, and JAMES
WILLIAM HARRISON, of Staley Bridge, in the County or Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary contact drum and friction pulley for the purpose
of changing the motion of self-acting mules, we place a broken wheel on the
cam shaft which works into the ordinary packing off wheel, and gives the
necessary change motion without causing the usual noise and shock, thereby
effecting a great saving in bands, straps, wheels, &c., and by being able to
give the said wheel a much slower motion than has been done by the
ordinary method we avoid the breaking of the nugs on the escape plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING FRAMES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1859.-A communication from abroad by Madame Henriette
Louise Armande Hammerlin, of Paris.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the "Mechanics' Magazine" and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNITTING FRAMES," (communicated to me from abroad by Madame Henriette
Louise Armande Hammerlin, of Paris,) to be as follows:-
In this Invention all the parts now forming knitting frames remain, but the
motions thereof are produced mechanically, so as to make them "self-acting."
By a repetition of parts along a frame a great number of similar fabrics may
be produced at one and the same time. The driving shaft runs along the
front of the frame and through bevel gearing, and an inclined connecting
shaft motion is communicated to another shaft with excentrics, which are
arranged upon it in such manner as upon the revolution of the shaft to set
in motion levers and cams, which in turn produce all the movements now
effected by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND MANEUVRING SHIPS, VESSELS, AND BOATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 23rd May
1859.
WILLIAM CLARK, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Marine Painter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND MANEUVRING
SHIPS, VESSELS, AND BOATS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to the application, adaptation, and use of a
maneuvring propeller in ships, vessels, and boats for the purpose of propelling
them to one side or the other, or of turning them round, as may be required
in different movements or evolutions.
According to one form under which this Invention may be judiciously
carried out in practice, the propeller consists of a thin blade of an irregular
triangular shape, forming when out of maneuvring use a portion of the stem,
bow, or cutwater of the ship. When the propeller is inert, as when the ship
is sailing straightforward, the wide end of the propeller abuts against the
under sides of the head knees, and is held in that position by a bolt or pin,
whilst the narrow end is turned downwards, and tapers off to the foot of the
stem, at or near the keel. The propeller is carried upon the forward end of a
long horizontal shaft set in bearings in the keel line of the ship, through the
fore foot of which it is passed by means of a stuffing box. This shaft may
either be turned by the engine or by hand, or in any other way. When set in
motion, as the wide end of the blade comes round, it operates upon the water

page_text: in such a manner as to bear over the bow of the ship to one side or the other,
as may be required. The propeller may also be placed at the stern or at any
other convenient part of the ship, its form being modified to suit the position
in which it is placed, and the build of the ship. In vessels with upright
stems the propeller is made single, that is to say, it projects only on one side
of the shaft, and it is so contrived that when not required for maneuvring, it
is turned down to abut against a projection at the bottom of the stem, and
thus virtually form a portion of the stem; or, instead of thus setting the blade,
it may be drawn wholly inboard when out of use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDRICAL PRESSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1859. A communication from Prince Sergius Dolgoruki, of
Berlin.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of the Office for Patents, 4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDRICAL
PRESSES," (a communication from the Prince Sergius Dolgoruki, of Berlin,)
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain mechanical arrangements whereby a con-
tinuous pressure is obtained, and is particularly adapted to the extraction of
juice from fruit or plants, oils, and other liquid matters; also to the extraction
of sugar from beetroots or sugar cane, and other similar purposes where it is
desirable to retain the liquid matter after extraction from the solid body, the
same being effected by the following means:-The fruit, plant, sugar cane, or
other substance is first ground or grated into a pulp by any convenient means,
and is then passed into the space or opening formed by upright metallic plates
or planks and between two revolving cylinders, which give the required
pressure. These cylinders are formed of metallic discs at their ends, having
cross wooden pieces extending from one disc to the other, which form the
cylinders; they are then covered with an elastic or flexible substance such as vul-
canized caoutchouc for the purpose of squeezing and extracting the liquid from
the solid parts, at the same time delivering the solid matter, leaving the liquid

page_text: behind. The ends of the cylinders are also covered to prevent the liquid
escaping between them and the outer planks of the machine. The further
cylinder rests on moveable bags, which are held in the desired position by a
lever, to which is attached a weight according to the pressure required.
A case or bowed box is made to pass to and fro or up and down as may be
found best, at the same time dislodging the solid parts from the cylinders,
leaving the juice or liquid behind.
Spiral springs are placed on each end of the cylinders to ease the pressure
on their surfaces. The pulp rises between the cylinders, which by reason of
their elasticity allow the solid parts to pass in the form of paper without end,
at the same time retaining the juice which the case or box draws to throw
behind into a reservoir to receive it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING AND COOKING FOOD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1859. A communication from abroad by John McCormick, of Madison,
Indiana, and Edward Pincus, of Philadelphia, both in the United States
of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING AND COOKING FOOD," a communi-
cation from abroad by John McCormick, of Madison, Indiana, and Edward
Pincus, of Philadelphia, both in the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of pan or
vessel for preserving and cooking food, whereby the heat may be graduated to
suit the articles to be cooked or preserved, and rendered uniform throughout,
thereby preventing the burning of the contents, whilst at the same time the
rapid oxydation of fruit, which sometimes takes place in an ordinary open
preserving pan, is entirely prevented.
According to this Invention the cooking vessel is composed of an inner and
an outer casing, with a narrow steam-tight water space intervening between
such casings at the bottom and sides of the vessel. A close fitting lid or cover
is also fitted on to the vessel; this lid or cover being also made double, with
an enclosed layer of felt or other good non-conductor of heat. The inner
casing of the vessel may be made either of metal or of glass or glazed, earthen-

page_text: ware, but the outer casing is always made of thin sheet metal. A bent syphon
pipe is connected with the lower part of the outer casing, so as to open into
the water space, and the bend of this pipe is carried up above the level of the
top of the pan, so as to prevent the water running out again. A valve is fitted
to the mouth or entrance of the pipe, and held pressed thereto by a helical
spring, made adjustable by set nuts, so as to exert a greater or less pressure
upon the valve, according to the pressure in the water space between the
casings. The water is introduced into the space between the casings by
turning the vessel on one side, and then inserting a funnel or filler into the
mouth of the pipe, and pouring in the water until it reaches the bend, when
the water space will be quite full. The pan or vessel is now ready for use, and
may be adapted either to a cooking stove or used with an ordinary open fire.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TAP OR STOP COCK
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Read and Isaac Alfred
Read at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st November 1859.
We, CHARLES READ, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Iron-
monger, and ISAAC ALFRED READ, of Smethwick, near Birmingham, aforesaid,
Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED TAP OR STOP COCK," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a tap or stop cock constructed in the manner
herein-after explained, and capable of drawing off from different reservoirs or
cisterns one or other of the liquids contained in the said cisterns, and delivering
the same at one mouth or delivery pipe. Our Invention is particularly
applicable for drawing off at the same mouth or delivery pipe hot or cold
water at pleasure, but may also be. employed for drawing off different liquids,
steam, or gases, or a liquid and steam or gas. The tap or stop cock consists of
a barrel and plug, like an ordinary tap, but instead of the ordinary waterway
passing diametrically through the plug, we make three waterways, each of
the said waterways proceeding from the surface of the plug, and opening into
one another in the axis of the plug. Instead of having only one supply pipe
on the barrel of the tap, we have two of the said supply pipes, the two supply
pipes and the delivery pipe on the barrel of the tap being in the same plane,
and inclined to one another at the same angle as the three waterways in the
plug. We prefer to place the two supply pipes and the delivery pipe at

page_text: points equidistant from one another; but we do not limit ourselves to any
particular angle or position, either in the said pipes or in the waterways in
the plug. In using the tap one of the supply pipes is connected with one of
the cisterns or reservoirs, from which the tap is to draw, and the other supply
pipe is connected with the other reservoir. By turning the plug by means of
its handle, the delivery pipe or mouth of the tap is put into. communication
with one or other of the reservoirs, and the desired liquid drawn off. The
proper position of the plug is determined by means of stops, which limit its
motion.
MANUFACTURING A RESINOUS CARTON OR PASTEBOARD FROM VEGETABLE MATTER; AN IMPROVEMENT FOR ROOFING, SHIP SHEATHING, LINING WALLS TO PREVENT DAMPNESS, AND OTHER USES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Stein at the Office of the.
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March 1859.-
A communication from Auguste Marie Chevalier, of Avignon, France.
1, SAMUEL STEIN, of Chapel Place, Poultry, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MANUFACTURING A RESINOUS
CARTON OR PASTEBOARD FROM VEGETABLE MATTER; AN IMPROVEMENT FOR ROOFING,
SHIP SHEATHING, LINING WALLS TO PREVENT DAMPNESS, AND OTHER USES,"
communicated to me from abroad by Auguste Marie Chevalier, of Avignon,
in France, to be as follows:-
First. To compose a carton or resin pasteboard of good vegetable matter,.
perfectly homogeneous, and free of all earthy substance, it is necessary.
to employ in preference vegetable matter that bas passed two or three times.
through the grinding mill.
Second. This vegetable matter must be dried, before passing through the
rollers of the mill, in a stove, the heat of which must be maintained at about
fifty degrees.
Third. When the carton or resin pasteboard is thoroughly dried, plunge it
into a tub containing a dissolution of the resinous mixture, as hot as possible;
or, in other words, the resinous mixture inust be maintained at the temperature
that the species of vegetable liquor requires which is to be made use of,
but always below the boiling point, and keep the sheet of carton or resin
pasteboard in this dissolution from two to ten minutes, according to its

page_text: thickness, or the time necessary for impregnating fully every atom of tho
carton or resin pasteboard with the resinous liquor.
Fourth. Immediately on withdrawing the carton or resin pasteboard from
this dissolution, place it to drip in a small close stove, the temperaturo
of which must be kept up to the same degree of heat as the liquid from which
it has been withdrawn.
Fifth. After the carton or resin pasteboard has been thoroughly dripped, it
must be placed in a vaulted stove, built with safety valves or air-holes, and
well bound with iron hoops, the shutters and doors of which must be also
made of iron. The carton or resin pasteboard must remain in this stove.
till the volatile oils arising from the resinous mixture have been completely
evaporated.
Sixth. After this, the carton or resin pasteboard must be placed perfectly
hot between two metallic plates of zinc or other metal, and passed through
strong rollers, in order to give it a finish.
Seventh. After receiving this finish, the carton or resin-pastoboard must
then be exposed to the free action of the atmosphere until such time as it is
considered ready for being employed.
AN IMPROVED PILLOW TRAVELLING CAP
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Redgrave, of Tavistock Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Tailor, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PILLOW
TRAVELLING CAP."
Sealed the 22nd September 1859, and dated the 26th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Redgrave at tho
Office of tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
March 1859.
I, WILLIAM REDGRAVE, of Tavistock Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PILLOW TRAVELLING CAP," to be as follows:-
Is for comfort and ease to the wearer when travelling either by land or
water, acting as a pillow in every situation in which a traveller may be placed,
acting the same when laying on the deck of a ship or sitting in railway
carriage. It also acts as a guard to the head in all cases of accidents, if they
be ever so varied; for instance, either a fall from a horse or a railway con-
cussion. It consists of a circular tube or tubes made of any air-tight material;
the cap to be made in every shape and material that may be chosen. It is as
well adapted for women and children, and even infants; also an excellent
Invention for lunatics, to preserve their heads from injury in case of falls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Vigers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1859.
I, EDWARD VIGERS, of Paddington, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND
OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of ships and other vessels, and
consists in a novel combination of wood with iron, of a form not heretoforo
employed in constructing the frames of ships, by which greater strength,
combined with other advantages, is secured.
Instead of employing angle or.T-iron, or channel or trough iron, for the
frames of ships and other vessels, and then plating them externally with iron,
or after bolting or otherwise fastening timber thereto, planking over the
outside (or both the inside and the outside) I take bar iron which instead of
being of the ordinary flat parallel form, is taper in section, being thinner on
one edge than on the other; I bend these bars on edge to the requisite curve
or required form, and mould them according to the part or section of the
vessel to which they have to be applied. I attach these bent bars to the keel,
either by means of clips or other suitable fastenings, setting them at a suitable
distance apart; I connect them together in pairs or otherwise by means of
double-round or T-headed bolts, or bolts and nuts, or other fastenings; or
I frame the whole together from stem to stern by means of stringer plates
fixed or secured to the interior edge of each of the iron frame bars or ribs,

page_text: either in a series of several stringer plates or bars, each taking a number of
frame bars or ribs throughout the length of the ship, or by means of several
paralel rows of stringers one above the other, running from stem to stern upon
each side. Between each pair of taper iron frame bars or ribs, or as frequently
as may be requisite, I insert a timber piece of the proper curve and tapered at
the sides to fit it into the taper space formed by the sides of the taper bars,
and there secure them; thus, instead of necessitating the use of long timbers
running across the floor and up one side of a ship, or extending from the keel
or from the end of a short floor timber to which it is scarfed up to the gun-
wale, as is preferred in the ordinary construction of wooden ships, I am
enabled to employ short pieces of timber, and by using in conjunction with
the framing, as described, several pieces to make up the height from keel to
gunwale on each side, and butt jointing and securing them together at their
ends, and securing them at the sides by bolting or otherwise between two of
the iron frame bars or ribs, and then planking over or plating and fastening
with bolts, rivets, or trenails through the thickness of the timber filling pieces,
I am enabled to construct ships or other vessels of greater strength and
internal capacity for a given external girth, and which otherwise posses
advantages important in the mercantile marine as well as in the Royal Navy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN WASHING, DYEING, SIZING, AND DRYING YARK AND THREAD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Holden and James
Holden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th October 1859.
We, ABRAHAM HOLDEN, of North End, near Stalybridge, in the County of
Chester, Manager, and JAMES HOLDEN, of Micklehurst, in the same County,
Madder Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN WASHING, DYEING, SIZING, AND DRYING
YARK AND THREAD," to be as follows :-
Our Invention consists in an improved machine in passing through which
yarn or thread is subjected to the various processes of washing, dyeing, sizing,
and drying consecutively and without stopping, that is to say, the yarn or
thread which is supplied to the machine in the form of cops, or wound on
bobbins is taken over guides and conveyed into a cistern containing hot water
or other fluid by which it is washed; it then passes between squeezing
rollers, and then passes through one or more vats containing the dye material,
then it again passes between squeezing rollers, and afterwards it is again
washed, and then taken through a cistern containing the sizing material; it
then again passes between squeezing rollers, and then over one or more heated
tin drums by which the yarn or thread is dryed, after which it is wound again
on to bobbins, spools, or rollers. By means of these improvements any.
convenient number of yarns or threads can be operated upon simultaneously.
AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE, ACTUATED BY REGENERATED STEAM
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Félix Rateau at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on the 2nd February
1859.
I, FRANÇOIS FELIX RATEAU, of No. 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Paris,
Practical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE, ACTUATED BY REGENERATED STEAM," to be
as follows:-
The Invention consists in generating steam at about 3 atmospheres pressure
in a boiler surrounding the fire-box, and conveying the said steam issuing from
the boiler into a superheating receiver placed within the fire-box. The steam
superheated being thus brought almost instantaneously to a very high pressure,
rushes from the receiver into the steam chest of a horizontal cylinder, where
it is distributed in the usual way by a slide valve; as it escapes therefrom it is
conveyed by a suitable pipe to a second cylinder, where it expands and works
in the same way, thence the steam is conveyed back to the boiler, which it
enters freely after raising a valve, because its pressure is still higher than that
of the steam contained within the boiler.
The steam cylinders are in a horizontal position; their rods being in a straight
line are keyed in a guide working in suitable guides. The slide has the shape
of a frame standing upright, and a special brace in which a cranked pin or
cranked shaft journal revolves, sliding up and down in the above-mentioned
slide, so that the main shaft is caused directly to revolve by the two sliding
motions without the help of a connecting rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES OR SPOOLS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Newton and John Greaves
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 1st October 1859.
We, LEOPOLD NEWTON, Cotton Spinner, of Oldham, and JOHN GREAVES,
Manager, of Stalybridge, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES OR SPOOLS,
AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Firstly, our Invention consists in making cop tubes with a small head, also
hollow or of the trumpet shape, also cylindrcial with bevilled ends, such tubes
being formed of wood, india-rubber with suitable compounds, gutta percha
and its compounds, resin and suitable compounds, and of other similar
materials, combining toughness with small specific gravity; and this part of our
Invention further consists in making cop tubes formed of such materials as
above referred to, with grooves or steps in their surfaces, so as to give hold for
the thread to prevent it from slipping from them.
Secondly, our Invention consists, in the application of a certain arrange-
ment of self-acting or partly self-acting mechanism for making. cop tubes, and
also spools of similar shape, from materials capable of being cut by turning
and boring, of like nature to those materials herein-before referred to.
The mechanism consists of a suitable drill or boring bit, and one or more
cutters to give the shape of the article required, both the boring bit and cutters
being carried by the same spindle, which is rotated and made to come in

page_text: contact with the end of a rod of the material of which the tube or spool is
intended to be formed, which rod is held and fed into the machine by suitable
arrangements as required; the rotating bit and cutters shape the end of the
rod, and then a rotating saw is made to cut that part operated upon from the
rod, which is then fed forward again, these operations being repeated by
the mechanism for each tube or spool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING AND PRESERVING TIMBER."
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Armstrong, of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Timber Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRYING AND PRESERVING TIMBER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Armstrong at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1859.
I, JOHN ARMSTRONG, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Timber
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRYING AND PRESERVING TIMBER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment, preparation, and drying of timber
with a view to its artificial preservation by injection with creosote or other
preservative matter. The agent used for this preliminary treatment, pre-
paration, and drying is steam. The timber to be dried and preserved is placed
in a suitable chamber, and is subjected to the direct and immediate action of
steam, which both dries the timber thoroughly and opens its pores for the
after reception of the full and necessary quantity of creosote or other pre-
servative ingredient. This treatment, whilst it is most effective for the
purpose, does not in any way injure the quality or strength of the timber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1859.
I, EDWARD HENRY TAYLOR, of Rubicon Works, Saltney, in the City of
Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS,
to be as follows:-
To prevent the bolts used in fish joints and chairs on railways from becoming
loose by constant wear and tear, I make a flange of any suitable strength on
or near the top of the fish plate having a longitudinal groove, so that I can
pass a sliding wedge through the said groove projecting against the inner side
of the nuts or bolts, which I form with suitable recesses or grooves, thus
holding them firmly and preventing them turning or moving by constant
traffic. It is evident that if found desirable in practice I can dispense with
either the said groove or the flange, and use either of them separately, or I can
make the flange and groove below the heads of the nuts or bolts in a longi-
tudinal direction or separate ones in vertical positions, or I can use the groove
and slide without the flange, but perhaps not so advantageously; or by making
the wedge press against the top of the nuts or bolts instead of the inside of
them, I can dispense with the grooves or recesses in the nuts or bolts. It is
also evident that when the chair is very near the fish-joint, the chair itself
must also be grooved to admit the aforesaid slide wedge over or under the

page_text: heads of the nuts or bolts, to hold them firmly in their places, and prevent
them turning; and to prevent the bolts of intermediate chairs turning or
becoming loose, I make a groove and slide wedge either separately or col-
lectively to pass over or under the head of the bolt or nut, as already described
for the fish joint.