A NEW MANUACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
BOUSFIELD, of No. 2, Devonshire Place, Islington, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Ninteenth day of December, in the
fifteeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givo
and grant unto me, the said Frederick Bousfield, Her especial license that I,
the said Frederick Bousfield, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Frederick Bousfield, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW MANUACTURE OF MANURE;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Frederick
Bousfield, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Frederick Bousfield, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be as follows, that is to say:-

page_text: I take the blood of animals, usually of cattle, sheep, and pigs, from the
slaughterhouses, from which I separate the fibrin by stirring, as is well under-
stood. I then place the blood in evaporating pans or boilers, previously
lubricated with grease to prevent the adhesion of the blood to the side of the
vessel, and subject the blood to artificial heat sufficient to raise the temperature
until evaporation becomes visible or sensible; and I find a temperature of about
from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and sixty-five Fahrenheit well
suited for this purpose, though higher or lower degrees may be employed; but
the blood should not be allowed to approach the boiling point, as the higher
temperatures render some of the materials of the blood insoluble when used as
manure under ordinary circumstances. During this application of artificial
heat the blood is to be subject to frequent or continual stirring, and the appli-
cation of heat and stirring is to be continued until the blood loses its liquid
character and assumes a considerable degree of consistency. This mass is then
removed from the evaporators, and dried by spreading it on the floor or placing
it on shelves, where it is stirred or raked to prevent as much as possible the
formation of lumps or masses before the required degree of dryness is attained.
The apartment in which this part of the process is effected should be heated
by artificial means so as to facilitate the evaporation of the watery particles.
This may also be facilitated by the application of artificial currents of air.
The drying or evaporation is to be continued until the blood is reduced to a
powdery state. Much of the water remaining in the mass after removal
from the evaporators may be discharged by subjecting the mass to pressure,
after which to be further treated as already described; but if pressure be used
the mass should be spread soon after, say within two hours after pressure.
The substance procured by treating blood as above described is suitable for
manure, and may be used in the same manner as guano and other artificial
manures. The degree of dryness attained will depend upon the extent to
which the evaporation is carried. But I find that the removal by the process
above described, of from about sixty-five to seventy-five per cent. by weight,
produces a manure well adapted for general agricultural purposes.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I claim as of my Invention
the manufacture of manure from blood in the manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Bousfield, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
FRED BOUSFIELD. (L.s.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of June,
in the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Frederick Bousfield came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.