matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BREAKS AND SEATS OF VELOCIPEDES AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gould Dixon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1869.
I, HENRY GOULD DIXON, of 33, Murray Gate, Dundee, in the County
of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BREAKS AND SEATS OF VELOCIPEDES AND
APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH," to be as follows:-
I form those parts tubular which constitute the steering apparatus
and those which connect the front and hind wheels together. That
portion forming the steering apparatus consists, first, of one main tube
screwed into a cross plate immediately above the periphery of the
leading wheel; to the lower part of this tube I attach a second main
tube, which extends in a diagonal direction towards the periphery of the
hinder wheel (or centre of the axle if two hinder wheels are used), where
it is screwed into a cross plate similar to that of the first-named tube.
I connect the aforesaid main tubes, the first to the bearings of the front
and the latter to those of the hinder wheel or wheels by smaller tubes
screwed into or attached to the before-named cross plates. Within each

page_text: of the said main tubes and free to slide therein is another tube, the
one extending close to the periphery of the front and the other close to
that of the hinder wheel, the lower end of that tube within the first-
named main or steering tube being in conjunction with the upper end
of that within the second-named main or diagonal tube, though, by
preference, not attached; but the ends in contact are cut or bevelled to
an inclined plane so that any pressure exerted upon the upper end
of the one within the steering tube will force the other within the
diagonal tube towards the hinder wheel. On the lower end of each
inner tube are friction blocks for pressing against the wheels. The
steering lever passes through the upper end of the first-named main
tube, and on this lever within the tube I fix an eccentric crank wiper,
or any modification of the eccentric in contact with the inner tube;
then by moving the steering lever round its own centre the eccentric
crank or wiper is caused to press upon the aforesaid inner tubes until
they are brought in contact with the peripheries of the wheels. Within
the inner tubes I fix a spring for retaining them in position when not
in usc.
In velocipedes where two hinder wheels are used I fix a friction
pulley on the axle, against which the break tube is pressed instead of
the wheel.
The seat or saddle is movable, sliding upon the aforesaid main
diagonal tube, and secured at any desired point by screw clip or other
suitable arrangement; the springs of the seat or saddle are also ad-
justable in a similar manner, so that the seat or saddle may be raised
or lowered at pleasure.
AN IMPROVED PENDANT STRING HOLDER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Garrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1869.
I, ABRAHAM GARRISON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PENDANT STRING HOLDER," to be as follows (that is
to say):
My improvements in the construction of pendant string holders consist
in forming them by preference of a spherical form in two parts, prin-
cipally from wire gauze raised into the desired shape, each part or half
being bound by a tinned or other metal rim, and united together in any
convenient portable way, such as by a hinge and catch; and on the
apex of the one half or semisphere I apply a strong ring or collar for the
convenience of portable suspension. At the lower apex I apply a
delivery pipe with a suitable spring, the force of which is exerted by
contracting the mouth of the delivery pipe for the purpose herein-after
named. The sphere being opened, and the ball of string placed within it
and closed, the free end of the string can be passed through the delivery

page_text: pipe, the spring before mentioned regulating and preventing its voluntary
undue delivery or unwinding.
As a modification the sphere may be made more into an oval or egg
shape by using a broader rim, so that it may be arranged conveniently
for holding two balls, in which case the means for suspension and spring
clip delivery pipes may be attached on opposite sides or to the rim, or
the delivery pipes may be placed at the apexes of the raised gauze
semispheres, as may be preferred:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, COACH LACE, AND OTHER TERRY FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bond Worth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd June 1869.
I, THOMAS BOND WORTH, of the Severn Valley Carpet Mills, Stourport,
in the County of Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, COACH LACE,
AND OTHER TERRY FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of carpets, coach lace, and other torry fabrics.
In the manufacture of terry fabrics the terry loops are usually formed
with yarns or threads of worsted or silk.
Now according to my Invention I substitute for these threads in parts
of the fabric threads of gold, or silver, or other metal, or rather threads
covered with such metals. In this way I attain a more brilliant effect
than has heretofore beci produced. The metallic threads form part
of the pile warp; they are taken in loops over terry wires inserted into
the pile shed, and which wires are drawn out when the pile threads have
been firmly tied into the back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Campion at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
March 1869.
I, WILLIAM CAMPION, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to
be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in sewing machines.
For this purpose I give motion to the needle slide by one end of a lever,
the other end of which is actuated by a cam mounted on a vertical axis,
to which motion is given by means of a toothed ring formed on or fixed
to a fly wheel mounted on an axis at right angles to such vertical axis.
At the lower end of this vertical axis is carried a crank pin for working
the shuttle slide to and fro in a line with the length of the machine, such
crank pin being connected to the shuttle slide by a link or connecting
rod as usual. The vertical axis also carries a double cam to act on one
end of the feed lever which is mounted upon a compound axis, so as to

page_text: permit of the movements of the feed lever to feed the fabric as required.
By these means the working parts of the machine are all in a line
with the work to be done thereby, and a very simple, neat, and effective
machine is obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CUTTING AND SLICING MACHINERY, AND IN ADJUSTABLE FEED APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Bailey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1869.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BAILEY, of the Albion Works, Salford, in the
County of Lancaster, Turret Clock Maker and Steam Guage Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CUTTING AND SLICING MACHINERY, AND IN ADJUSTABLE FEED APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to a combination and arrangement of
mechanism for cutting and slicing tobacco, wood, paper, leather, bread,
vegetables, and other substances in which the feeding motion is self-
acting, and consists in the use and application of a revolving radial knife
or knives working against the edge or mouth of a frame or tube upon or
inside which the substance to be cut or sliced is placed, such substance
being caused to slide along the table or tube towards the knife or knives
by means of a screw or serrated roller actuated from the shaft or spindle
upon which the cutting or slicing knife or knives are mounted, the speed
of such screw or roller and consequently the degree of feed being regu-
lated by change spur wheels in the same manner as a slide lathe, or as

page_text: herein-after described, and the substance being held firmly down upon
the table in the larger machines by a weighted roller mounted at the
extremity of radial arms branching from the rear of the frame, or being
held down by spiral or other springs.
For cutting vegetable and other similar substances a series of parallel
knives may be mounted in a table, and the vegetable or other substance
may be forced between such knives by means of a lever arm or screw
pressure, and thus cut into slices,
This Invention further relates to self-acting and adjustable feed appa-
ratus for cutting and slicing machinery by which the exact size of the
cut may be indicated upon a dial, and consists in an improvement upon
and adaptation of the ordinary Lancashire sewing machine feed motion,
which is applied beneath the table of such machinery, and is provided
with a cam of peculiar construction which is mounted upon a sleeve
carrying an index finger, so that as such index finger is turned round
the edge of the cam alters its position in being nearer to or further from
the shaft which actuates the feeding motion, and thus adjusts the
length of traverse of the feeding bar, such adjustment being measured
and indicated upon a dial plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH POSTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alexander Lyttle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th September 1869.
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER LYTTLE, of The Grove, Hammersmith, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH POSTS," to be as follows:-
I form the post of cast iron cast upon a tubular or solid rod of
wrought iron, which thus forms the axis of the post like the wick of a
candle inside the wax or fat. I do not confine myself to any particular
shape for the outer or cast iron, but one of the best forms shews in a
cross section the wrought iron in the centre surrounded by a ring of cast
iron, from which radiate two, three, or four webs of cast iron.
The post may be secured in the earth by a buckled plate or any other
well known means. If a wrought-iron spiral earth screw is used for the
purpose the iron of the screw should be part of or should be welded to

page_text: the wrought-iron core of the post before the core is placed in the mould
for casting. Any cross arms required for insulators may either be added
subsequently, or may in the first instance be formed as branches of the
wrought-iron core, and be included with that core either wholly or
partially in the cast-iron shell.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING SANDWICHES OR BREAD ALONE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cunningham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1869.
I, JOHN CUNNINGHAM, of Harpford, near Ottery Saint Mary, in the
County of Devon, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING SANDWICHES
OR BREAD ALONE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved machine for cutting bread and
meat at the same time for sandwiches in a rapid and neat manner,
which machine can also be used for cutting bread alone.
The Invention consists in constructing a square or any other suitably
shaped box, case, or trunk either of wood or metal (enamelled) fitted
with a screw, or racks, and pinions, and a thrust operated or worked by
cams or spur gear and screws giving the necessary feed for the thickness
of bread or meat required. Attached to the side of the box, case, or
trunk is a horizontal shaft fitted with a revolving knife at either end,
which is worked by a handle or by the foot by means of a treadle, thus
leaving the hands free to pick up with a fork or otherwise the bread
and meat, which are cut in slices and placed in separate compartments.

page_text: The machine, which cuts very rapidly and neatly may be made double,
(that is) with two trunks or boxes side by side, and worked off the same
shaft, with double knives, one cutting upwards and the other downwards,
and delivering the cut material at one end, whereas in the single
machine it may be made to deliver it at either end.
The machine can also be made for cutting bread alone for family or
other use, or it can be made with a series of knives, each cutting its own
thickness and to deliver through at either end of the trunk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING OR PREPARING HIDES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bernoulli Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th August 1869.- A communication from abroad by Henry
Dorel, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING OR PREPARING
HIDES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," being a communication to me from
abroad by Henry Dorel, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
This improved apparatus consists of a cylindrical casing revolving on
trunnions, and of a horizontal shaft working in bushes in the ends of the
casing. The interior of the casing and the shaft are furnished with
straight or curved teeth or projections, which clear each other as the
casing and the shaft revolve in opposite directions. The skins or other
articles to be operated upon are put into the casing through a man-hole
or other opening, and steam, water, or other liquid is introduced through
an opening in one end of the shaft; there are also openings or valves
in the opposite end of the casing for the escape of the water or other
liquid. When this apparatus is employed for dressing leather, the hides
will be consolidated and rendered perfectly supple, and in a fit condition

page_text: for taking the dye when dyeing is necessary. I wish it to be distinctly
understood that the apparatus above described is also useful for tanning
purposes, and for fulling, cleaning, dyeing, bleaching, and otherwise
treating or preparing woven fabrics and fibrous materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF IRON AND STEEL AND STRUCTURES COMPOSED THEREOF
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McMillan and James
McGregor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th May 1809.
We, JOHN MCMILLAN, of the Town and County of Dumbarton, North
Britain, and JAMES MCGREGOR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF IRON AND STEEL AND STRUCTURES
COMPOSED THEREOF," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to coating iron or steel as well as
structures composed thereof for the purpose of preventing decay and the
growth thereon of plants and animals or insects, consists in covering the
iron or steel or structures composed thereof with sulphur. In applying
the sulphur it is melted, and on being brought into contact with cold
iron or steel it is suddenly chilled, and sets into a hard thin layer of
sulphur covering them.

page_text: One important application of this Invention consists in covering ships'
bottoms externally in the manner herein-before described for the pur-
pose of preventing the adhesion of barnacles or the growth of vegetable
matter, whilst another application consists in coating ships' bottoms
with sulphur internally for the purpose of preventing internal corrosion.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Keating Stock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1869.
I, WILLIAM KEATING STOCK, of Darlington, in the County of Durham,
Factory Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the letting off motion, and it consists in
an improved mode of applying friction to the warp beam by means of a
spring or springs, instead of levers and weights as now customary.
In performing my Invention a cord or chain is wound as usual one or
more times around collars on the warp beam. One end of each cord or
chain is secured to the loom framing, and the other ends are secured to
the opposite ends of a long flat spring, the centre of which is secured
to the back rail; or the cords or chains may be connected to two springs.
The friction of the cords or chains can be released by treadle levers
placed under the spring or springs to allow the warp beam to be turned

page_text: round by hand. By this arrangement a perfectly uniform tension on the
warp is obtained, better fabric and a greater length is produced from a
given length of warp, and the constant changes in the friction by the
ordinary weighting levers are avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1869.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of No. 2, Queen Street Place, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE," to be as
follows:-
These improvements have reference to the manufacture of that class
of artificial stone which is composed of sand, chalk, or other suitable
material mixed with a soluble silicate and formed into blocks or shapes
which are afterwards treated with a solution of chloride of calcium or
other solution capable of decomposing or combining with the soluble
materials in the block. The saturation of the blocks with this solution
has generally been effected either by saturation in the ordinary way,
or by aid of the air pump, or by immersion in the solution in open
tanks, the solution in each case being gradually heated to a temperature
of 212° Fahrenheit. I have found that a much harder and more
compact stone may be produced by subjecting the moulded mass to the
action of the decomposeing solution at a higher temperature than 212°.

page_text: and one part of these improvements consists in subjecting the moulded
materials alluded to to the action of the solution in close air-tight vessels
or chambers at a temperature above 212° Fahrenheit, or in other words
under steam pressure. After the moulded mass has been subjected to the
decomposing solution a sufficient time to insure the conversion of the
soluble matters in the moulded matters into soluble ones by opening a cock
placed near the bottom of the vessel the remaining solution is forced or
drawn off into a receiver or reservoir, by preference by pressure of steam,
and the blocks or masses of the artificial stone are then allowed to cool
gradually in partial vacuo, thus avoiding all liability to crack from sudden
contraction, which is apt to be caused when the stone is cooled by free
exposure to the atmosphere in the ordinary manner. When desireable
other solutions may be introduced into the air-tight vessel to effect
further combinations in the stone. And lastly, in order to remove any
soluble salts which may remain in or on the surface of the stone I
subject the same to the action of steam, which rapidly dissolves all
soluble matters and deposits the same at the bottom of the vessel by
condensation, or when found desirable the stone may be exposed to the
action of steam and water alternately, a vacuum or partial vacuum
being created inside the vessel by the condensation of the steam, which
will cause the water to penetrate the structure of the stone more
readily.
NEW IMPROVED MEANS FOR UTILIZING THE WASTE ARISING IN SPINNING VEGETABLE FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th September 1869.-A communication from Joseph
Eugène Dubourg and Lucien Geofroy, residing at Boulogne, in
the Empire of France, Gentlemen.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 10,
Sackville Street, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW
IMPROVED MEANS FOR UTILIZING THE WASTE ARISING IN SPINNING VEGETABLE
FIBROUS MATERIALS," a communication from Joseph Eugène Dubourg and
Lucien Geofroy, two persons resident at Boulogne, in the Empire of
France, Gentlemen, to be as follows:-
This Invention communicated to me relates to the utilizing of the
waste arising in spinning vegetable fibrous materials, which waste has
been heretofore deemed incapable of being utilized for spinning pur-
poses, and consequently of but little commercial value.

page_text: It consists in soaking the said waste for several hours in boiling
alcali, and after which rinsing it in water, then bleaching it in
chlorid of lime and treating it with sulphuric acid, then a second rinsing
in water as before, then soaking in hot soapy water, and finally rinsing
it again. It is then dried by an hydraulic extractor. It is as well before
these operations to free the waste of any straw, dust, or stones it may
contain. After this process it is fit for spinning either by itself or
mixed with other wool, cotton, or silk.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HANDKERCHIEF, GLOVE, AND OTHER FANCY BOXES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Birch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1869.
I, SAMUEL BIRCH, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO HANDKERCHIEF, GLOVE, AND OTHER FANCY BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in uniting the two halves of handkerchief,
glove, and other similar fancy boxes by means of an elastic band or
bands of india-rubber fixed at each end, and so arranged as to form
hinges for the box, which hinges at same time have a constant tendency
to close and hold the box in the closed position.
In carrying out my Invention I provide an elastic band or cord at
each end of the box, both ends being similarly arranged. This band is
passed through an aperture at or near one corner of the box along the
inside to the opposite corner, where it passes out and crosses over to
the opposite corner of the other half of the box along the inside of the
end, as before, and over to the first corner, the band being crossed
outside the box at the end. In this manner the two halves of the box

page_text: will be held together by the elastic cords in a closed position when the
box is shut, and when opened out (which with this hinge may be
effected from either side) the box will be held in that position with the
two halves abutting against each other until released, when it is imme-
diately closed by the action of the spring hinges. In some cases I prefer
to pass the two parts of cach clastic hinge through a ring at the point of
crossing to keep the cords in place. If it is desired to open the box
from one sido only I unite the two halves of the box at the opposite side
by means of ribbon or other material which serves as the hinge, the
elastic acting as a spring fastening to keep the box in the open or closed
position; or I may unite the two parts of the elastio bands towards one
side, where they pass in at the ends of the box with the same object of
opening at one side only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1869.
I, WILLIAM SCOTT, of Hawick, in the County of Roxburgh, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-.
This Invention relates to the effecting of economy of fuel in furnaces,
and consists in the roasting of the green coal in a retort placed in contact
with the furnace. From this retort the gases escape at a high tem-
perature into the furnace itself by pipes or other communication.
When the extraction of the gas has taken place in the retort the residue
of coke is removed and acts as fuel for the furnace in combination with
the gases from the retort freshly charged with green coal. The
The process
of withdrawing coke from the retort and charging with green coal is
thus rendered alternate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF MINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Daglish at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
February 1869:
I, JOHN DAGLISH, of Dene House, Seaham Harbour, in the County
of Durham, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF MINES," to be as follows:-
One part of my Invention has for its object to arrange mechanical
ventilators or fans in such a manner as not to interfere with the using
of the shafts of mines for other purposes, such as for raising coal or
other mineral, changing men, and other purposes. For this purpose İ
place the ventilator near the bottom of the up-cast shaft, and I arrange
it so as to exhaust the air from the workings and force it up the up-cast
shaft; or I place the ventilator at the bottom of the down-cast shaft,
and arrange it to draw the air down this shaft and force it through the
workings and thence up the up-cast shaft, thereby causing a constant
current of air to move down the one shaft through the workings and up
the other shaft. By this means both the shafts are left free for winding
coals or other purposes.

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists in placing a ventilator in a
certain district of a mine, and arranging it in such a manner by causing
it to draw air from one or more districts and forcing it into another
or others as to increase or decrease the density of the air in one or more
particular districts without in any way interfering with the density of
the ventilating current in other districts. The ventilator or fan for this
purpose may be worked by any suitable motive power, such as by steam,
pneumatic, hydraulic, or other engine, either directly or by driving gear,
bands, or ropes. By thus placing a ventilator in any of the more distant
districts of mines having several districts, some of which are more
extensive than others, and by exhausting or forcing air through these
districts, the difference in density between the main in-take and return
air currents need be kept only sufficiently great to obtain the necessary
quantity of air in these near districts instead of having, as is at present
the case, to obtain a great difference in the density between the main
in-take and return currents in order to force the air current around the
more distant or extensive districts by means of regulators in the nearer
districts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING STONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Wray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1869.
I, LEONARD WRAY, of Ramsgate, in the County of Kent, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING STONE AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of "
'Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for.
Crushing Stone and other Hard Substances" relates to a novel arrange-
ment or construction of apparatus in which the breaking jaws are made.
double-acting so that with a given power and weight of machinery a
larger quantity of material may be broken or crushed in a given time.
than in machines of the ordinary construction,
In carrying out my Invention the fixed jaws are placed vertically, as,
in some of the machines now used, but the crushing block or moveable.
jaw is made with two faces or working surfaces, and this block is made.
to oscillate on a centre placed either above or below a central point
midway between the two fixed jaws. As an obvious modification instead
of a single oscillating block two moveable blocks connected together by

page_text: links or other equivalent devices but mounted on distinct shafts may
be used. I prefer to actuate the crushing block or blocks by means
of an excentric mounted on a horizontal shaft which passes through an
opening made in the block or between the two blocks. In order to
prevent undue wear and tear the excentric is made to work against steel
or other hard surfaces let into the block, and which when worn may
be removed and replaced by others. The extent of oscillation of the
block or blocks will of course depend upon the throw of the excentric,
and for different purposes this may require to be varied, which can be
effected by changing the excentric, which need only be keyed on its
shaft. The working surfaces of the movable block or blocks may be
curved so as to give a kind of grinding action as well as a crushing
action, and they may be corrugated either vertically or horizontally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1869.-A communication from abroad by Emile Muller,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," a
communication to me from abroad by Emile Muller, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists essentially in lining the furnaces or apparatus
employed in what are known as the Bessemer and Martin processes, or
in analogous processes, with refractory magnesian products, in lieu of
using for that purpose as heretofore ordinary refractory products, that is
to say, silicate of alumina containing more or less of free silica. It is
preferred according to this Invention to employ pure magnesia for the
said lining, or magnesia which contains as little foreign matter as
possible. By the use of a lining of this description various modifications
are effected in the reactions which convert the cast iron into wrought

page_text: iron and steel, the resulting products are more effectually freed from the
sulphur and phosphorous contained in the cast iron, and in cases where
the Martin furnace or converter is employed the rapid destruction of
the apparatus by the action of the oxide of iron which may be employed
in the process is obviated. Moreover the magnesian lining will last
much longer than the ordinary one, since it can only be effected
mechanically. It will also permit of the use of certain oxidising agents
capable of producing a basic slag, such, for example, as the nitrate of
potass and nitrate of soda.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Keating Stock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1869.
I, WILLIAM KEATING STOCK, of Darlington, in the County of Durham,
Factory Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the letting off motion, and it consists
in an improved mode of applying friction to the warp beam by means of
a spring or springs instead of levers and weights as now customary.
In performing my Invention a cord or chain is wound as usual one
or more times around the collars on the warp beam. One end of each
cord or chain is secured to the loom framing, and the other ends are
secured to the opposite ends of a long flat spring, the centre of which
is secured to the back rail, or the cords may be connected to two springs.
The friction of the cords or chains can be released by treadle levers
placed under the spring or springs to allow the warp beam to be turned

page_text: round by hand. By this arrangement a perfectly uniform tension on
the warp is obtained, better fabric and a greater length is produced from
a given length of warp, and the constant changes in the friction by the
ordinary weighting levers are avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING HOISTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Crowther at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
July 1869.
I, JOSEPH CROWTHER, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WORKING HOISTS," to be as follows:-
In hoists for raising and lowering persons or goods to different rooms
or levels I use water or other suitable liquid as the moving power. I
construct a vessel of suitable capacity to contain sufficient liquid to
counterbalance the weight of the hoist and its load or contents, which
I connect with the hoist by chain or rope passing over a pulley or other
mechanical connection to reduce the friction to a minimum. I supply
the water or liquid in any suitable manner, for instance, most mills or
extensive works have cisterns elevated to some height, which in many
cases are constantly running waste, these may be easily appropriated
to this purpose by a pipe or other means to supply the quantity of water
required to raise the hoist and its load; and to allow it to descend I
place or fix a suitable valve in any convenient position, by opening

page_text: which the necessary quantity of liquid is allowed to escape to allow
the hoist to descend, and so repeat the operation as required to ascend
and descend; which plan I believe will be more economical than steam
or any other power now in use. If there is no cistern convenient the
water may be obtained in the usual way from waterworks, wells, rivers,
or as circumstances require. For arresting the hoist at any required
height I use a brake or brakes of the usual construction now used for
such purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Comunissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th April 1869.-A communication from abroad by Leon Mangin,
of No. 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Civil Engineer.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has reference to two-wheeled velocipedes actuated by
cranks upon the axle of the front wheel, and has for its object to obviate
the various disadvantages arising from the instability of such velocipedes
when not in motion. It consists in placing upon the axle of the hind
wheel as a fulcrum a double-ended forked or double lever. The two
ends or prongs on one side of the fulcrum of this lever pass down in a
slanting direction beyond the circumference of the hind wheel, where
they are connected by a transverse bar, and are furthermore provided
with small rollers. The other end of the double lever passes up, also in

page_text: a slanting direction, on each side of the hind wheel, beyond the circum-
ference of which its end is connected by means of a link to a spring
carried by a bracket fixed on the frame or "back bone" of the velocipede,
which spring when not otherwise actuated keeps the lever in such a
position that the rollers on the lower ends thereof are raised from the
ground. To the end of the before-mentioned link is attached a cord or
chain passing over a pulley on the bracket carrying the spring, and
thence to a pulley on the steering handle to the front wheel, to which
pulley the cord is attached, so that by turning the handle on its axis
so as to wind up the cord the upper end of the double lever will be
drawn up, and consequently the lower end will be depressed so as to
bring the rollers on to the ground. By this means the velocipede will
have two lateral points of support, and will thus be rendered perfectly
stable. The stcering handle carries a small ratchet wheel, in gear with
which is a spring pawl on the fork carrying the handle, so that when the
handle has been turned as described it is held in that position until the
operator by pressing upon the spring pawl with the same hand that
holds the handle disengages it from the ratchet wheel, and enables the
before-mentioned spring to move the double lever so as to raise the
rollers from the ground. By pressing the double lever with greater or
less force to the ground while the velocipede is in motion this contrivance
will also act most efficiently as a break.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Trench and Edward
Charles Warner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd September 1869.
We, FREDERIC TRENCH, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland,
and EDWARD CHARLES WARNER, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making horse-shoes entirely of solid
vulcanized india-rubber, instead of making them of iron or steel as
heretofore practised.
We propose to mould or otherwise make the improved shoes of the
same pattern as the different kinds of metal shoes now in use, but
somewhat thicker, say about two-thirds of an inch in thickness, and
connect the shoe to the horse's foot by nails. By these means a light
shoe may be obtained not liable to slip in wet or frosty weather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF SHEET IRON
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1869. A communication from abroad by Silas
Barker and Henry S. Pratt, both of Hartford, Connecticut, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF SHEET IRON," a communication, to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the manufacture of sheet iron, which shall
resemble the so called "Russia" sheet iron in its external appearance,
and shall have the same qualities in all respects as nearly as possible.
I commence with the common article of sheet iron as it is found in
commerce covered with a black oxide, and immerse the sheets in a bath
of dilute acid till the black oxide all scales off, assisting the operation if
necessary by a wire brush. The oxide being all removed from a sheet
the sheet is then thoroughly washed under jets of water till the acid is all
washed off; this washing should be done immediately after a sheet is
taken from the acid bath and before it has time to dry. After the

page_text: washing and before the sheet has time to dry it is plunged into an alka-
line bath or some proper substitute therefor to prevent the access of
the sheets to the air, and its thus acquiring any oxide. Instead of
cleaning the sheets chemically as just described they may be cleaned
mechanically by grinding, scouring, or the like, and then plunged into
the alkaline .bath. A number of the sheets, say twelve, being in the
alkaline bath are put together in a pack and immediately rolled between
chilled iron rolls (having pitted or indented surfaces) till they are
thoroughly polished. The rolls are pitted for the purpose of giving the
surface of the sheets the same indented appearance as the genuine
"Russia" sheet iron." These rolls are made by first turning a wooden
roll covering the surface with sheet zinc or the like, and then indenting
the zinc with a smooth pointed punch, the said rolls serving as a pattern
from which chilled rolls can be produced by the common method. The
outside sheets of the pack must always be re-rolled in the middle of a
subsequent pack. The sheets having been rolled till the desired
enamel is obtained are annealed in an annealing oven, in which the
sheets rest upon rails which when the sheets are properly annealed can
be pulled from the outside of the oven, and the sheets dropped together
in a pack at the bottom of the oven. The sheets are carefully and
evenly heated till thoroughly annealed and till the desired color is attained,
when they are dropped into a pack taken from the oven and passed once
or twice through the chilled rolls to restore any part of the enamel
which may have been injured in the annealing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Joseph Ellis and Charles
Lionel Wingfield FitzGerald at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th April 1869.
We, ROBERT JOSEPH ELLIS and CHARLES LIONEL WINGFIELD
FITZGERALD, of Laxey, in the Isle of Man, Manufacturing Chemists,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF DRYING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTERS:
We employ a metallic vessel having at the top a cover which can be
made air-tight, and near the top a pipe or nozzle communicating with
an exhaust pump, and this vessel we enclose in another metallic vessel
which can be supplied with steam. We place the matters or material
to be dried in the inner vessel, then close the door and make it air-tight.
We now set on the steam, and as the heat causes vapour to rise from the
matters or materials we take off the vapour by the exhaust pump, by

page_text: which means the matters are thoroughly dried in a short time at a
comparatively low temperature.
Our Invention consists in the mode or method above described for
drying animal and vegetable matters.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS POR LUBRICATING PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Follict at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1869.
I, LOUIS FOLLIET, of No. 26, Rue Feydeau, in Paris, Empire of
France, Civil Engineer and Architect, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS POR LUBRICATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new construction of grease box whereby
lubrication of axles and bearing surfaces is. effected so as to diminish
friction friction, and consequently to reduce the motive or tractive power
in locomotive engines, railway carriages, and machinery
In the upper
part of the box a roller is set on a fixed steel pivot or spindle, the roller
being larger than the driving axle on which it rests, bearing the load of
the locomotive or carriage; the spindle is drilled nearly throughout
its centre, and two or more channels or ducts are drilled: beneath the
spindle, and communicating with the central duct a similar channel is
made to the upper circumference of spindle, so that oil or other lubri-
cating material may be caused to pass freely from a reservoir outside
the box to the entire surface of the spindle, and thus to lubricate the

page_text: roller running loosely thereon. The axle being situated directly beneath
this roller it is only necessary to prevent the lateral motion of the two,
which is accomplished by placing a roller of less dimension than the
axle on each side thereof. These rollers are made on the same principle
as the upper roller and run loosely on similar spindles, lubricated as
described.
AN IMPROVED DUPLICATE LOCK OR FASTENING FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Shether at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1.869.
I, CHARLES SHETHER, of No. 23, Edmund Place, Aldersgate Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED DUPLICATE LOCK OR FASTENING FOR PURSES, POCKET BOOKS,
OR OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
A raised oval top having a narrow slit or groove in the centre cut
longwise; in this is laid a hardened metal bolt, to which is attatched a
hollow metal plate on the inside, & on the outside a solid metal button,
which enables the bolt with the plate attatched inside to be moved up
or down. The hollow metal plate on the inside has two keyholes cut at
each end. To the inside of the oval top are attatched four metal pins
by which to fasten it upon the outside of the article to which it is to be
attatched. On the inside of the flap of the article is a thin flat plate
fitting upon the pins before-named, & by which means after being
rivetted the whole is secured together at equal distances. From each
end of this plate are two round holes, either of which fit upon a metal

page_text: stem fastened to the body of the article, having a flange or edge on
each side of the top part of it, & by pulling down the button upon the
outer part or top of the lock it is made to clasp, & the article is securely
fastened. By the reverse movement the lock us unfastened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE LEAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Major, Haddon Trigg,
and William Wright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th January 1869.
WC, JOSEPH MAJOR, Veterinary Surgeon, HADDON TRIGG, Gentleman,
and WILLIAM Wntent, Gentleman, all of Swallow Street, in tho
County of Middlesex, do hereby declaro the nature of our said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF WHITE LEAD," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a simple, expeditious, and economical
process for the manufacture or production of white lead whereby the
old and laborious system of bedding the pots in manure or tan and the
use of the pots themselves is entirely dispensed with, and consists essen-
tially in the employment of a chamber capable of being opened and
closed as desired, composed of slate, glass, marble, or of other materials
not acted upon by either of the herein-after mentioned acids, and of any
convenient dimensions, according to the production desired. Within
this chamber are suspended or deposited a number or series of sheets
of lead, which are by preference rolled or otherwise shaped or perforated
with a view to expose as large a surface as possible to the action of the
vapours and the atmospheric acid herein-after referred to, which are

page_text: introduced into the said closed chamber after the lead has been placed
therein.
The acid vapours which we propose to employ are prepared by raising
to an clevated temperature in any suitable vessel or container a mixture
of acetic acid and pyroligneous acid. Tho relative proportions of these
acids which we have found to answer are about one-fourth by weight of
acetic acid to about three-fourths by weight of pyroligneous acid; but
we do not confine or restrict ourselves to these particular proportions.
The vapours above referred to are to be introduced in any convenient
or suitable manner in conjunction with artificially heated air into the
closed chamber herein-before referred to, it being essential that the
interior of the closed chamber shall be maintained at an elevated
temperature; and we find that artificially heated air answers for this
purpose, but other means may be adopted for heating and maintaining
the temperature of the said closed chamber.
The supply of the said vapours and of the heated air is maintained
during the desired period, a period varying from about 10 to 15 days, at
the termination of which the process, if concluded, may be arrested, and
the whitelead thus produced removed, the chamber then being again
charged with more lead and the production continued.