OF HEADING PINS
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LEIGH BRADBURY, of the City of Gloucester, Gentleman, and CHARLES
WEAVER, of the same City, Pin Manufacturer, jointly and severally send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of April last, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, did give and grant unto us, the said John Leigh Bradbury and
Charles Weaver, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that we, the said John Leigh Bradbury and Charles Weaver, our exors,
adiñors, and assigns, and every of them, by themselves or by their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as we, the said
John Leigh Bradbury and Charles Weaver, our exors, adññors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter, during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our "INVENTION OF HEADING PINS;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said John
Leigh Bradbury and Charles Weaver, or one of us, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or the hand and seal of one of us, par-
ticularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar.
.

page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Leigh Bradbury and Charles Weaver, do declare that the nature of our
said Invention is fully described in the following Specification, and by the
Drawing thereunto annexed, that is to say :-
Our machine for heading pins, in order that it may head a number at once,
consists of the various principal parts following, and of the subordinate parts
following, serving to connect the principal parts, to give precision to their
action and to put them in motion.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE.
A number of hoppers, corresponding to the number of pins to be headed at
the same time, which contain the pin shafts, previously pointed, are arranged
close together laterally, and communicate with a box above them containing
a quantity of the said pin shafts. These hoppers are furnished with an
apparatus behind them which protrudes a pin shaft from each at one time
into. an apparatus called; by us the parrallels, which, after meeting another
apparatus that puts the heads on the said pin shafts, and which we call the
header, conveys them downwards to the dies, inserts them horizontally into
one set of these dies, and retires up again to its first position; after which
the dies holding the pins are protruded against a corresponding set of dies
which give form, to the upper parts of the heads, and are compressed against
them powerfully by a combined screw of a peculiar construction, which
pressure. compleates the external form of the heads, and at the same time
fastens them firmly on the pin shafts. An apparatus for holding a large s
number of pin heads is so arranged above the rest of the machine that the
header before mentioned takes from it a head for each shaft at each of
its movements and no more; and when the heading of the pins is completed
a set of hooks of a peculiar forin, connected with the parrallels aforesaid,
cause them to be drawn out from the dies as the said parrallels convey down
a fresh. set of pins to the said dies.
The general action of the engine may be understood, from, the foregoing
description, but that its particular construction may be fully known each
part of it and its effects shall be exactly detailed, together with the method of
working the whole.
Of the Hoppers, Needles, and Disturbers.-The hoppers. are small boxes
or receptacles for containing the shafts. of the pins previously pointed, in
number corresponding to the number of pius intended to be headed at each

page_text: operation of the engine; they are represented at Figures 10 and 11 detached
from the other parts, and they are connected by one large box above them, in
which a quantity of the shafts of the pins to be headed are laid with their
points towards the dies. The bottom of each of these hoppers terminates in a
groove capable of receiving one pin shaft only at one time, and along this
groove, through the brass pieces which form the ends of the hoppers, work the
needles s,s, s (Figures 1, 2, 12), proceeding from the slides t, t, t, which work
in the brasses u, u, having each one angle downwards, and being pressed above
by the springs v, v, whose pressure is regulated by the screws w, w, placed
underneath the sliding frame a, a, a, to which frame all the needle slides are
attached. y, y, are plates in which the sliding frame x, x, x, works forwards
or backwards. z, z, is an axle working in the steps 1, 1; on which are fixed
the toothed wheels 2, 2, working in the racks 3, 3, by means of the handle
or winch 4, 4, on turning which handle the sliding frame a, a, a, moves
forwards or backwards, and with it the needle slides t, t, t. A bar, against
which the ends of the needle slides come, is shewn at 5, 5, which bar is
fastened by two screws at 6, 6. The use of this bar is to regulate the arrange-
ment of the ends of the needle slides, for, in case of resistance from accidents
in the hoppers, the needle slides t, t, pass backwards through the brasses u, u,
and are brought into their proper position again on the return of the sliding
frame x, x, x, by the bar 5, 5. This prevents the needles from being broken,
which would be the case if the resistance were positive. The resistance
which the brasses make to the needle slides in passing is regulated by turning
the nuts w, w, on the under side of the sliding frame x, x, x, which press the
springs v, v, more or less on the needle slides. One side of each of the small
hoppers is vertical, and the opposite side is inclined, between which inclined
side and the groove there is placed a vertical slide, which we name a disturber,
shewn at 7, 7 (Figures 10, 11), a little thicker than the pin shafts, and as
long as the whole length of the inside of the hoppers. These disturbers are
moved by the bar 8, 8, running through holes in the lower part of them
at 9, 9, which bar is part of the frame 10 (Figure 1, 2), that works on the
centers 11, 11. On this frame and over the shaft l, l, is another bar 12, 12,
under which bar, and on the shaft l, l, is a notched segment 13 (Figures
1, 2, 9), in the notches of which a small roller, fastened to the bar 12, works;
so that on turning the shaft 7, 7, to lift or depress the parallels (to be hereafter
described) the notches of the segment cause the frame 10 to rise or fall
alternately, which communicates a similar motion to all the disturbers. 14 is
a spring fastened to a bar that crosses the frame O, O, at 15, which presses
on the bar 12 to keep the frame 10 down. The hoppers are secured in their

page_text: places, when adjusted, by a bar 22 lieing over them at one end, which bar is
fastened to the frame O, O, at each end. Through this bar a screw passes
into each of the brasses which forms the posterior extremity of each of the
hoppers, as shewn at 23 (Figure 2); the other end of each hopper is sustained
by feet, shewn at 24, resting on and screwed to the piece through which the
back screws M, M (whose use will be mentioned hereafter) pass. Figure
10 exhibits the hoppers as connected with each other and the box r, r, above
them, detached from the machine. 1, 1, 1, are the ends of the brasses through
which the needles work. 2, 2, are pieces with one angle upwards between
each pair of the small hoppers. 3, 3, are two of the slides, as connected with
the bar 8 that moves the disturbers. Figure 11, is a section of a single
hopper of the full size. 1, the piece that forms the vertical side of the hopper,
to which is fastened the picce 2, on the upper edge of which is the groove 3.
shews the ends of the pin shafts; 4, the piece that forms the inclined side of
the hopper, between which and the piece 2 the piece 7, or the disturber
works, which is lifted and depressed alternately by the bar 8. The angular
piece that connects the inclined side of the hopper with the vertical side of
the next one is shewn at 5, 5; and the dotted lines 9, 9, 9, represent the
square end of the hopper to which the pieces 1, 2, and 4, are fastened,
and through which the needle works. In the front of the box above the
hoppers a shutter or door is formed, which turns on a hinge shewn at 40
(Figures 1 and 12), by raiseing up which any interruption that happens
in the hoppers can be removed. The front end of the small hoppers at
40 are filed away on the upper part, so as to form continued grooves with the
grooves at the bottoms of the hoppers, and the part 40, when down, prevents
any but the lower pin shaft lying in each groove from being forced out by the
needles.
Of the Apparatus for Supplying the Heads, and of the Agitator.-To supply
heads in proportion to the shafts in the hoppers and box, an apparatus is
formed above the machine, which is composed of a number of vertical wires
corresponding to the number of hoppers, on which wires as many of the
heads are strung as they can hold. One of these wires, and the parts which
support it, are shewn at Figure 8. At c (Figures 1 and 2) is represented the
frame to support those wires, on the upper part of which frame is the cross
bar L, with holes formed in it to receive buttons placed on the ends of the
wires. At each of these holes the bar is cut through at one side, so that the
wires on which the heads are strung can be passed sideways into their places
without being drawn through the holes. The buttons screw a few threads
into the holes, as shewn at 1, Figure 8, the wire passing through the center of

page_text: at 2.
each button, and secured by the wing nut 3 at any height, as represented
The heads of the pins are shewn at 4, 4, strung on the wire. 5 shews
the end of the holder, and 6 the end of the catch which secures the last
head; and C represents the bar that opens the spring of the holder, which
last-mentioned parts will be explained farther on. The bar holding the wires
on which the heads are strung may be placed at any convenient height above
the holders or the frame of the machine, there being cross bars at convenient
distances in the wire frame i, i, to keep the wires straight. In order to
prevent the heads from sticking in their passage from and along the wires,
a part is added to the wire frame which may be named the agitator, whose
office is to give the frame and wire a vibratory motion which shakes the heads
downwards along the wires. It is thus constructed at the extremity of a small
bar fastened to the main slide-At 29 (Figure 1) is a spring catch working
on a center at t; and at 30 is a long piece of steel fastened to the frame i
at 31; the end of this latter piece is caught by the catch at 29, and on
the return of the slide, when the dies are opened, as under, to their greatest
distance, and when the springs of the receivers and holders are open to
admit the heads from the wires, the piece 30 then slips off the catch, and
on account of its length vibrates and communicates a similar motion to the
wire frame.
Of the Dies. The office of the dies is to complete the form of the pin
heads, and at the same time to fasten them firmly on the shafts. The shafts
are brought down from the hoppers to the dies by the parallels after having
the heads loosely put on them by the header (which conveys them down from
the wire frame), as shall be explained farther on. For each of the pins
headed at the same time in the engine there are two dies, one of which forms
the outward extremity of the head, which is represented at K, K (Figures 1,
2, 8, 12), while the other die I. I, completes the inner end of the head on the
shaft. Into those latter dies the shafts are inserted by the parallels. Both
dies are shewn on an enlarged scale at Figure 3. The dies I, I, I, are
screwed to the piece D, and opposite to them are placed the dies K, K, which
are square-sided and are each fixed with one angle upwards in receptacles
prepared for them, in which they are fastened by the screws L, L, L, which
press on their upper angles that are flattened a little to receive them. Those
dies come against the back screws M, M, so that they can be moved by them
to range evenly with each other. The piece through which these screws pass
is a part of the fixed frame of the machine, but the receptacles for the dies
K, K, are made in a separate piece, which is fastened down before the other
piece. The distance which the dies I, I, I, and K, K, open asunder, or that

page_text: the main slide E moves, to which the dies I, I, are attached, is rather more
than the length of the pin to be headed. The dies I, I, are forced against
the dies K, K, by the action of the main screw B, B, on the slide E, and the
pin heads being between the opposite dies, while the shafts enter freely into
the dies I, I, receive their ultimate form, and are fastened on the shafts
firmly by the pressure thus affected. The dies used by us differ principally
from others before applied to form pin heads by each of the dies K, K,
(Figure 3), which form the upper part of the pin heads, entering with its
outer edge L that constitutes a ring a little projecting from it into the face of
the opposite dies I, I, which form the lower part of the heads, and giveing
the heads a degree of pressure after they are compleatly closed in by the
dies. By this contrivance the heads are always fixed truely and evenly
on the shafts, and when the wires which form the heads and shafts are evenly
drawn no part can be forced out between the dies so as to form a burr or
rough ring; it also prevents the necessity of rivetting the top of the shaft
to secure the head from coming off, and that of cutting a collar on the shaft
to prevent the head from slipping down. However, in those cases where the
evenness of the wire is doubtful, the shafts are to be nicked or grooved a little
at the upper ends, so that when they are headed the nick shall lie within the
middle of the head, by which a moderate degree of pressure makes the heads
perfectly fast both ways, that is, either from coming off upwards or from
slipping downwards. To give the dies K, K, the form mentioned, when the
dies I, I, are finished, hardened quite hard, and screwed into their places
in the face of the piece D, each of the dies K, K, while in their soft
state, after being filed into the conical shape at its extremity, shewn at L,
Figure 8, is screwed into its receptacle at L (Figures 1, 2), and the die I
is forced against it by the main screw B till the projecting part before men-
tioned is formed on it, which is a guide for sinking the hemispherical or
other cavity on its face. This operation is performed on each of the dies K
separately, and they are then hardened, and afterwards ranged accurately in
their places by the back screws M, M. The heads we use are spun in the
common and usual way, and are afterwards cut into two or more rounds, as
may be preferred.
Of the Parallels.-The the use of the parallels is to bring down the pin.
shafts from the hoppers to the dies after their receiving the heads from the
header, as shall be described farther on. They derive their name from their
being so constructed as to keep the principal corresponding parts of their
frame parallel to each other, by which means the shafts are brought down in
a horizontal position opposite to the dies I, I, into which they are to be

page_text: received on those dies being moved on to meet them. These parallels are
represented at (Figures 1 and 2), fastened to the frame of the machine at
jj, j and working on the centers k, k. Their sides are connected by the
axle 1, 1, and by the barr m, m, and are worked by a handle fitted on at n, n,
(Figure 2), which is not drawn in Figure 1; for the advantage of representing
the parts it would have covered. The bar m has its surface always horizontal
in describing the arc o, o, and is stopped at p when up and at 9 when down,
being placed, when in the latter position, between the opposite sets of dies.
Through the bar m and across it small holes are pierced in a horizontal
direction, to receive the shafts of the pins from the hoppers when protruded
by the needles. Each of the holes in this bar has a slight spring above it,
so fixed as to keep the shafts steady when they enter them. These parts
are shewn at 1, 1, 1, Figure 9, which represents the parallels and, the bar m
separated from the rest of the machine. When the bar m is up or at p..
Figure 1, the holes in it are opposite the holes of the hopper r, r, r, and when
it is at g, or down, they are opposite to the holes in the dies I, I, I. Beneath,
the bar m square hooks project downwards, as shewn at 21 (Figures 1 and 2),
each of which is divided in the middle sufficiently to admit a pin shaft to pass,
but not the head. These hooks, which on account of their office may be
called clearing hooks, lay hold of the finished pins in the dies I, I, beneath
them when the bar m is bringing down a fresh set of pins to have the beads
fastened by the dies (the finished pins being first protruded a little by a set of
brass pieces at the other side of the dies, which shall be described a few lines
farther on), and on the dies I, I, being drawn back the hooks cause the pins
to pass from the dies and to fall through an opening in the main slide into a
drawer or other receptacle prepared for them. The brass pieces which protrude
the finished pins from the dies, and which have been just mentioned, are placed
at 19 in the slide 16, which is worked back or forwards in the plates 17 by
the handle 18. Each of these pieces of brass is placed exactly opposite to
the point of a pin in the dies, and has a hole pierced in it less in diameter than
the shaft of the pin, but large enough to admit the point, by which means,
when these brasses are forced against the finished pins by the slide being
moved forward by the handle 18, they protrude them through the dies ready
for the action of the clearing hooks without injuring their points:
Of the Header, Receivers, Holders, and Points.-Fastened to the axle S is
the plate X, bent at right angles at the outer edge, on which are fixed the
receivers of the heads, which are represented at Figure 5. The combination
of the plate X, the axle S, and the receivers, we call the header; from its con-
veying the bends from the apparatus which holds them down to the shafts and

page_text: placing them so before the grooves of the hoppers that the shafts, as they are
protruded from the hoppers by the needles, enter them and penetrate through
them into the bar m, which conveys them both thus united together to the dies,
as before described. The plane of the upper piece of the header, when it is
elevated to the head wires, is kept horizontal by the stops at Y, Y, and when
it is down near the hoppers it is held in a vertical position by the stop Z
(Figures 5 and 6), which rises against the bar that supports the holders, which
shall be described farther on. The header receives its motion up and down
between the head wires and the hoppers in the following manner:-On the
frame A, A, and fastened by the feet N, N, is placed the frame 0, 0, on
which, working in the steps P, P, the axle Q, Q, lies horizontally, and on the
centers R, R, the axle S, S, works in a similar position. On the axle Q are
fixed the toothed segments T, worked by the racks U, U, which racks are
attached to the main slide at E, E, and on the same axle Q are fastened also
the segments V, V, working in the pinions W, W, which are attached to the
axle S, S. By this arrangement, on moving the main slide E, E, the racks
U, U. move the segments T, T, and V, V, which latter moves the pinions
W, W, that are fixed to the axle to which the header plate is attached. The
pinions W, W, move rather more than the fourth of a circle, while the main
slide moves sufficiently to open the dies the requisite distance. As the distance
which the main slide. moves cannot be so exactly ascertained that it can be
made to stop at the instant when the header is up at Y or down at Z, and as
its moving farther in either case might break the teeth of the racks or of the
segments, the segments V, V, working in the pinions W, W, are moveable on
an inner segment, and are kept steady by the springs f, f (Figures 1, 2, 4),
fastened to the back of the lower segment T, T, and passing through the
upper and outer segments at 9, g. These springs are to be made sufficiently
powerful to overcome all the springs in the receivers, which will be shortly
particularized, and yet so as to give way in either direction to accommodate
the inaccuracy of the movement of the slide. Another use of these springs-is
that the springs of the holders have to be opened when the receivers are at
rest, which is effected by the inner segment continuing to move after the outer
one has turned the header up, and (by means of a pin at D lifting the lever
at h, which moves the trigger d) moving the bar C, and by it opening the
springs. Figure 4 represents the racks U, U; the segments and the header
disengaged from the rest of the machine; c shews one of the holders in
its place. 2, 2, 2, represent the wires on which the heads are strung..
Figure 5 exhibits the header separate from the other machinery, and of the full
size. Figure 6 gives an end view of the same, one reference answering for

page_text: both. R. R, shews the centres; S, S, the axle, on which are fastened the
pinions W, W, and likewise by the three screws A, A, A, the plate X. On
the outer edge of the plate X the receivers B, B, B, are fastened by the
screws shewn at C, C, in one of the receivers, represented by itself, above the
header, in which Figure D shews the receptacle for the head. E, the catch
which retains the head in D, pressed by the spring F. G, the pin fastened in
the bar a, which opens the catch. H, the hole through which the shaft of the
pinion passes from the hopper, which hole is cut through to the front to allow
the header to rise when the pin shaft has penetrated the head it retained.
Fastened at I, I, by screws are two pieces which terminate in the centers J, J,
on which centers work two pieces K, K, connected by the plate L. L,
sliding on which plate is another plate M, M, kept in its place by the pins
N, N, N, N, and having at each end the side pieces O, O, and along the edge
of it which is uppermost, in the position of it shewn in the Figure, the points
P, P, riseing through the receivers so as to come on a level with their surfaces.
From the side pieces K, K, proceed the pins Q, Q, rising above the outer edge
of the header. T, T, T, are openings through the plates X, X, L, L, and
M, M, to give a better view of the pin shafts when projected from the
hoppers. U is a spring pressing on the pin V to keep the plate M down on
the stop pin I. Y is a spring pressing the plate L and the pieces K, K,
outwards, so that when the header is neither completely up nor down the plate
K is pressed out till the points on the edge of the plate M are exactly under
the centers of the receptacles of the heads in the receiver, or, in other
words, opposite the lower ends of the wires on which the heads are strung;
and the plate M, pressed by the spring U, is at the same time kept down, so
that the points P, P, are below the receivers; but when the header is up
there is an inclined plane, shewn at A, Figure 6, which enters as the header
turns up into the openings of the side pieces O, O, lifts the plate M, and
causes the points P, P, to rise through the receivers. The use of this is, that
the wires on which the heads are strung not being permitted to enter into
the receivers, as this would prevent the header from moving off, the heads
must consequently fall from the wires, when the springs of the holders open to
the bottom of the receivers, and would, but for this contrivance, be liable to
fall incorrectly; but now the points P, P, receive the heads, and as the
header moves down and removes the pieces O, O, from the inclined plane A,
Figure 6, they retire and leave the heads, as the catchers of the receiver close
on them, in a perfectly regular manner.
While the header is neither in its
highest or lowest position the plates remain in the situation last described till
the header is down completely, and then the pins Q, Q, meeting with the

page_text: parallel bar m (Figures 1, 2), the pieces K, K, and the plates L and M, are
thrown upwards out of the line of the pin shafts, projected from the hoppers
against the plate X. On the return of the header the spring Y presses
the plates L and M into their former position, that is, with the points P, P,
exactly under the receptacles for the heads in the receivers. Z is the stop of
the header, which coming against the bar that supports the holders, stops the
header when exactly down. On the piece A, Figure 6 (one of the inclined
planes for lifting the plate M), is fixed the inclined plane that moves the
bar a. These pieces are fastencil. on the bar which supports the holders at b,
Figure 2. When the header is up the centers of the receptacles for the
heads in the receivers are exactly under the wires 2, 2, and when it is down
they are exactly opposite the holes of the hoppers. Underneath the receivers,
and on the header, is a bar a (Figures 1, 2, 5, 6), sliding lengthways by means
of two pins projecting from it, and of a groove through the plate X. From
this bar proceed pins for opening the springs of the receivers shewn at
Figure 5, and it receives its motion by means of an inclined plane at b
pressing against its end as the header rises. To give the receivers a little fall
at the instant of their moving, in order to prevent the heads in the receivers
and the heads in the holders from disturbing each other, the axis on which the
beader works is not in the line perpendicular to the front of the receivers, but
somewhat behind it, as is shewn at Figure 6, where 2 represents the center
that would be in the above line, and 1 the axle of the header, by which
means its extreme point, instead of describing the are 3 from the center 2,
describes the are 4 from the center 1. Exactly over the receivers are placed
the holders, whose office is to hold the heads in their passage from the head
wires to the receivers. They are represented at Figure 7 as fastened to the
bar of the frame O at c (Figure 1). The springs of these holders are opened
by a bar C running over them, with pins projecting from it in the same way
as those from the opening bar of the receivers. This bar is moved by a lever
on the shaft Q, which touching the trigger d, Figure 7, moves the piece e
that is fastened to the bar C. A holder, detached from the machine, is shewn
at Figure 7, where A represents the spring pressing on the catch B; C, the
pin in the bar C, that opens that catch; D, the hole through which the heads
pass; and E, E, the screw holds for fastening its plate c, c, to the bar.
Of the Main Screws, Slides, and Frame.-A, A, A, A, Figures 1 and 2,
represents a metal frame, in which is fixed the box of the main screws .B, B,
which are worked by the lever C. The end of the screw. B works in the
piece D, being held in by a circular groove on the end of the screw, and by two
pins which pass on cach side of the groove through the piece D, by which

page_text: arrangement, on turning the lever C, the piece D moves backwards or for-
wards. This piece is attached to the slide E, E, E, E, extending the whole
length of the frame, and confined by the plates F, F, F, which plates are
fastened to the under side of the frame, and are closed on the slide as occasion
may require (in adjusting the plates and slides, or on their wearing) by the
side screws G, G, G, G. A continuation of the pieces through which these
side screws pass is shewn at II, II, H, H, which forms feet for fastening the
machine to a table or bench. The main slide E, E, is one plate of iron,
steeled at its edges, and immediately under the dies there is an opening in it
to allow the finished pins to fall through into a drawer or box. The grooves
B and B are combined together in the following manner, so as to move the
slide with power or with quickness as required. The screw B (Figures 1, 2),
to which the lever C is attached, works in the centre of the screw B, whose
thread has but one eighth of the obliquity of the threads of B (which are
eight in number), and which works in the box 36 that is fastened to the
frame A, A. Attached to the screw B is a lever 37, held by the catch 38.
The end of the screw B works in the sliding piece D before described, so that
on moving the lever C the slide E, E, and the piece D, worked by the screw
B, move with speed, till having advanced a certain space the piece 39 throws
back the catch 38, and meets the lever 37, which causes them to advance by
the screw B, which moves them with eight times the power of B. On
the lever C is also a catch 41, working on the centre 42, which prevents the
lever 37 from advancing before the lever C, and also brings back the lever 37
to the catch 38. The catch 41 is pressed back by the thumb of the hand that
works the lever C at the moment the lever 37 is secured by the catch 38;
the catches have spring latches behind them, so that on the return of the
lever 37 it falls into the catch of itself at the moment when it meets with the
stop 43; and as the lever C advances the catch 41 falls on the piece 44
at the moment when the catch 38 is pressed back, so as to free the lever 37.
The intensity of pressure is only wanted when the dies meet; but the dies have
to open more than the length of a pin, so that the powerful screw B, if used
alone, would cause a loss of time, as it would take many turns of the lever C,
and to move the slide backwards or forwards by it to the requisite distance;
and on the other hand, with the quick-moving screw B, there would not be
sufficient power.
But by the contrivances recited for uniting the two screws,
the slide E, E, is worked with speed till the instant the encreased power is
wanted; since on advancing the screw B, by the piece 39 meeting with the
lever 37 at the moment when the dies come together, B becomes united to B
(the slow moving and powerful screw), so as to work with its power, and on

page_text: its retreating, on leaving the lever 37 at the catch 38, it separates from
B and resumes its appropriate velocity. The screws for fastening the frame
of the machine and other parts together are represented by the following
numbers 25 (Figures 1 and 2) shews the screws fastening the plate 17;
26, the screws fastening the plates of the main slide to the frame A, A;
27, the screws for fastening the machine to the table or bench; 28, 28, two
of the four screws fastening the piece D (that holds the dies, and in which the
main screws work, to the main plate E.
Account of the Figures annexed.-Figure 1 is a side view or elevation of
the whole machine. Figure 2 is a view of the machine from above, in which
several parts are represented as broken to shew the parts underneath.
Figure 3 shews the dies on an enlarged scale. Figure 4 represents the header
with its racks and segments, together with the receivers and head wires
detached from the machine. Figure 5 shews the header of its full size,
separated from the other parts. Figure 6 is an end view of Figure 5.
Figure 7 represents one of the holders detached. Figure 8 is a separate
head wire and its fastenings. Figure 9 represents the parallels and trans-
ferring bar detached. Figure 10 is a reduced view of the hoppers and
supplying box. Figure 11 gives an end view of a single hopper, with the pin
shafts in it. Figure 12 shews the relative situation of the projecting needles,
hopper, and dies, detached from the machine. Figure 13 represents a mode
of applying the principles of the machinery described to the beading of a single
pin at one operation, in which A, A, shews the frames; B, a screw working in
the box 36; D, a part projecting from the end of B, which enters an aperture
in A, and keeps B steady; E, a slide working in the steps F, F; G, a piece
fastened to the slide E, E, through which piece the screw B, having a washer
at each side at H, H, works, so that on moving the lever C the slide E, E,
and the piece G move on together. At I, on the piece G, is screwed the die
that forms the lower half of the pin head, as already described, and opposite to
it at K is the receptacle for the other die, which comes against the back
screw M. At 19 is a piece which pushes the finished pin partly out, and, by
a hole in its end smaller than the diameter of the pin shaft which receives its
point, prevents the point from receiving any injury. The screw B has five or
six threads, and is formed so as to move the requisite distance, while a quarter
(or a little more) of a circle is described by the lever. The shafts and heads
of the pins, headed singly in this manner, are picked up by hand in the usual
way, as are also the finished pins, partly pushed out previously by the piece 19.
The same characters or marks relate to the same parts in all the Figures.
On the Mode of Working the Machine. Figures 1, 2.-The operation of

page_text: 1
heading pins by the machine is performed as follows: The wires 2, 2,
(Figure 4) being filled with heads, are screwed fast into the upper bar L,
the lower ends of which wires extend downwards merely through the lower
heads in the holders, and no further; the box of the hopper is filled with pin
shafts, and the bar m of the parallels being up at p, the slide of the projecting
needles drawn back to 5, 5, and the dies I, K, closed (supposing each corre-
sponding pair of them to be in the act of finishing a pin), in which posion of
the dies the header is down at 35, Figures 1, 12, stopped by Z, Figures 5, 6,
and presents a head to every hole in the bar m at p, Figure 1, which bar is
then between the header and the hoppers, and has a free passage through the
holes in it for each pin shaft protruded from the hoppers in the direction of the
dotted line 34 (that is, through the bar m and the heads in the receivers of the
header). The plates M and L, Figure 5, are at the same time thrown out of
the line of the pins compleating in the engine by the pins Q on the bar m, as
shewn at Figure 5. The handle 4, Figure 1, is then turned, which brings
forward the slide x, x, and the needles s, 8, s, each of which pushes forwards
the pin shaft lying in the groove of the hopper opposite to it into the bar m,
and through the pin heads in the receivers, the needles being regulated in
length so as to push the shafts through the hoppers compleatly out, and no
farther into the bar than to 1, 1, 1, 1, Figure 9. The slide x is then directly
returned to 5, 5. The dies are next opened by the handle C a little (that is,
sufficiently to lift the header by the racks U, U, and by the segment T and V
above the bar m), the openings in the front of the receivers in the header at H,
Figure 5, allowing it to rise and leave the heads through which the pin
shafts have been passed on the pin shafts. The bandle 18 is then pushed
against the pins finished in the dies, which forces them out a little distance
through the dies I, I, I; the bar m of the parallels is next brought down by the
handle n, Figure 2, till the hooks 21 pass down with a pin shaft in each of
their divisions, which hooks, on again moving the lever C, C, to open the dies
asunder to their full extent, drag the pins out of the dies I, I, I, by their heads,
and let them fall through the opening in the slide into the drawer or box pre-
pared for them. The header turning up by this motion, the bar a meets with
the inclined plane b, and opens the springs of the receivers, and at the
same time forces up the points P, P, Figure 5, through the centre of each of
them. After the header is in this position the inner segment V continues
to move, lifts the lever h that moves the trigger at d, which presses the
bar C, C, (Figure 8) and opens the springs of the holders, and directly after-
wards the bar 30, Figure 1, slips off the catch 29, the vibrations of which bar
shaking the frame i, i, i, the heads fall on to the points P, P, of the header,

page_text: then in the receivers. The bar m is next brought down to q, Figure 1 (the
hooks 21 being till now opposite the dies), which presents the points of the pin
shafts in the bar m to the holes of the dies I, I, I, into which they enter on
closing the dies, till, meeting with the springs at the back of each of the
dies I, I, I, they are, as the other ends of the pin shaft come against the
dies K, K, forced through them till the faces of the dies I, I, I, come up to
the bar m. In this position of the machine the header is bringing down a
head in each receiver, for the dies being, as already mentioned, at their full
extent asunder, and the bar 30 having slipt off the catch 29, and having shaken
down the lowermost heads into the receivers (which are each exactly the depth
of one head), the slide, on moving to close the dies after the bar m is down,
moves back the lever h, which moves the bar C, and allows the springs of the
holders to close on the heads on the ends of the head wires. Directly afterwards,
while the header is moving downwards from the inclined planes b, b, the
springs of the receivers close on the heads, and the points of the plate M,
Figure 5, pressed by the spring U, retire downwards out of the heads in the
receivers. The dies I, I, being close to the bar m, the handle C is turned
back till the pin shafts held by the springs at 20, Figures 1, 2, stronger than
the hoppers in the bar m, drag the pin shafts out of the bar m, which is then
thrown up into its first position close to the hoppers; the dies are then closed,
and the pins are finished by the action of the two levers C and 37, and of the
screws B, B, as before described. A short time before the dies close, the
catch 29 has slipped behind the bar 30, and, the header being now down, the
operations described are again repeated.
In addition to the descriptions and explanations of our machine for heading
pins, and of the method of working it herein-before given, we, the said John
Leigh Bradbury and Charles Weaver, declare, that though the machine, as
above described, appears to us in all its parts the best constructed for the pur-
poses intended, yet that several minute alterations may be made in various
parts of it; that is to say, in the receivers, holders, hoppers, head supplyer,
header, and slides, in the mode of placing the dies, and in the materials of
which the various parts are made, without diminishing the efficacy of the
machine, or departing from the principles on which it is constructed; and that
any persons using machines formed on the principles of ours for the same pur-
poses, however altered in the parts or materials herein-before described, shall
therefore be considered as infringers of our Patent right. And we also think
it necessary to state, that the dies used in our machine differ from other dies
before in use for heading pins by machinery, both in having a small portion of
the face of one die made to enter into the face of the other die; for the pur-

page_text: poses mentioned in describing our dies, and from one set of the said dies being
perforated to admit the shanks of the pins, instead of their being divided each
into two parts lengthways, with corresponding grooves for the admission of the
pin shanks between them, in the manner of other dies now in use, by which
construction we avoid the risk of placing the pin heads crooked and irregularly
on the shanks, which it is almost impossible to avoid with dies so difficult to be
made true as the dies divided lengthways above mentioned.
And we further state, that we do not use in our dies any sharp edges for
nicking the tops of the shafts beneath the place where the heads are to be
fixed, or any sharp points for pressing against the centre of each shaft top
within the head, as is done with other dies, by which means our pin heads are
not so liable to be broken off, and much derangement of machinery, from the
breaking of the minute cutters and points necessary for the other method, is
avoided; the nicking of the shaft tops before mentioned is sometimes taking
place in our method, relating solely to the forming of nicks on the part of the
shaft top that is to be within the head, and is to be covered by it instead of
forming nicks on the part just beneath the head, as is done in other methods
before used.
And we further declare that, although in the Figures hereunto annexed, our
machine is represented as constructed for heading ten shafts at once, we do not
limit our machine to that number, our Figures being designed for explanations
solely, but instead thereof declare that a much greater number of shafts may
be headed at once by machines formed on the same principles; and it is our
opinion that numbers of such machines may be arranged by the means now
well known to mechanists, so as to be worked by mill machinery put in motion
by water, wind, steam, or the force of animals, which mode of using our
machines, if employed by other persons, we shall consider as infringements
of our Patent right.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Leigh Bradbury and Charles
Weaver, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
twelve.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twelfth day of October, in the year
ord 1812, the aforesaid John Leigh Bradbury and Charles Weaver
came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twelfth day of October, in the year
ord 1812, the aforesaid John Leigh Bradbury and Charles Weaver
came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose
Inrolled the Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twelve.