A METHOD OF FASTENING OR KNITTING THE INNER SELVAGES OF TWO OR MORE PIECES OF DOUBLE PILE FABRICS, WOVEN FACE TO FACE AT ONE OPERATION, IN A POWER LOOM WITH ONE OR MORE SHUTTLES THROWN SIMULTANEOUSLY
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister and José Reixach both of
Bradford in the County of York for an Invention of "A METHOD OF
FASTENING OR KNITTING THE INNER SELVAGES OF TWO OR MORE PIECES
OF DOUBLE PILE FABRICS, WOVEN FACE TO FACE AT ONE OPERATION, IN
A POWER LOOM WITH ONE OR MORE SHUTTLES THROWN SIMULTANEOUSLY
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister
and José Reixach at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
28th November 1883.
Samuel CunliffE LISTER and JOSÉ REIXACH both of Bradford in the County
of York "A METHOD OF FASTENING OR KNITTING THE INNER SELVAGES OF
TWO OR MORE PIECES OF DOUBLE PILE FABRICS, WOVEN FACE TO FACE AT
ONE OPERATION, IN A POWER LOOM WITH ONE OR MORE SHUTTLES THROWN
SIMULTANEOUSLY
"
This Invention relates to fastening or knitting the inner selvages of two or more
pieces of double pile fabrics, woven face to face at one operation, in a power loom
with one or more shuttles thrown simultaneously.
For this purpose we employ two sets of two needles each, mounted on a
framework and having an up and down movement imparted to them by the
heald levers. In combination with these needles we employ a set of guide plates,
having eyelets at their extremities, and receiving a lateral motion from the low
shaft.
t
Upon the framework we preferably place a small bobbin containing 4. warp
threads, each end of which is passed through the eye of one of the 4 needles, whilst
through the eyelets of the guide plates we pass the ends of 4 warp threads drawn
from the ordinary warp beam.
When the needles are at the upper end of the stroke the guide plates are made
to move to one side of the needles, and remain in this position until the movement
for alternating them is given.
5
The manner of giving motion to the guide plates may be so arranged that it can
be given to any required number of picks preferably by means of a cam working
against a finger at the end of a rod holding the guide plates, said cam receiving its
motion from a worm wheel driven by a worm on the low shaft.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister and José Reixach in the Patent Office on
the 27th May 1884.
SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER and JOSÉ REIXACH both of Bradford in the County
of York "A METHOD OF FASTENING OR KNITTING THE INNER SELVAGES OF
TWO OR MORE PIECES OF DOUBLE PILE FABRICS WOVEN FACE TO FACE AT ONE
OPERATION IN A POWER LOOM WITH ONE
SHUTTLES THROWN
OR MORE
SIMULTANEOUSLY
"
.;
This Invention relates to fastening or knitting the inner selvages of two or more
pieces of double pile fabrics woven face to face at one operation in a power loom
with one or more shuttles thrown simultaneously.
The object of the invention is to admit of two or more narrow widths or pieces
of double pile fabrics being woven side by side in a broad loom and to admit of
their being afterwards divided the one from the other to produce two or more
narrow widths each with fast selvages.
For this purpose we form two adjacent selvages with fast edges at any desired
part of the width both of the upper and lower cloths of the double pile fabric and
we form the selvages in the upper cloth immediately above the selvages in the
lower cloth. To form a fast edge to each inner selvage we employ a warp binding
thread to cross with the outermost warp of the selvage and so to knit these two
warps together.
Any desired number of fast inner selvages may be formed in this way in the
width so that the fabric may be divided into widths of any required size, by
cutting both the upper and lower cloths lengthwise in between the pairs of fast
selvage edges which have been made in these cloths.
To form two adjacent fast inner selvages both in the upper and lower cloth of a
double pile fabric, and to form the fast selvage edges in the upper cloth immediately
above the fast selvage edges in the lower cloth, we employ two sets of two needles
each the needles in the upper set we place in a line with the needles in the lower
set and make them to point downwards whilst those in the lower set we make to
point upwards. Both sets of needles we fix in slides which can be simultaneously
moved either upwards or downwards in a fixed frame and to give motion to the
slides we connect them by a rod to a heald lever.
The needles near to their points have eyes formed through them and through the
eyes of the upper pair we thread the binding threads which are to form the fast
selvages in the upper cloth and through the eyes of the lower pair we thread the
binding threads which are to form the fast selvages in the lower cloth.
With these needles we also employ two pairs of thread eyes to which a lateral
movement can be given from the low shaft-through the upper pair we pass two
selvage warps for the upper cloth and through the lower pair two selvage warps for
the lower cloth-these two pairs of eyes are set one above the other at such
a distance apart as to leave space enough for a shuttle to pass to and fro between
the warps threaded through them.
The points of the upper pair of needles we likewise set at a distance from the
points of the lower pair of needles.
In the upward and downward movement of the needles their points are brought
alternately above and below the selvage warp threads with which the binding
threads threaded through the needles are to be crossed and when the needles are at
.one or other end of their stroke the thread eyes are made to shog sidewise and to
remain in this position until any desired number of picks of weft have been thrown

page_text: either into the upper or lower cloth and have passed between the binding threads
and the warp threads forming part of that cloth-afterwards before any more picks
of weft are put into that cloth the needles are raised or lowered as the case may be
-the thread eyes are shogged sidewise and the needles moved back to their former
position when they again remain at rest for the same number of picks thrown into
that cloth and so on.
In this way the warp binding threads which receive an up and down motion are
first brought to one side and then to the opposite side of the warps which receive a
sideway movement and the binding threads and warps are so twisted together with
a false twist which in conjunction with the weft threads link them together and
form a fast selvage edge.
In the Drawings hereunto annexed we have shown two constructions of ..
mechanism for forming fast inner selvages in the two cloths of a double pile
fabric in the manner above described. One construction is adapted for forming
the fast inner selvages in the two cloths when the fabric is being woven in a single
shuttle loom and the other for forming these selvages when the fabric is being
woven in a loom in which two shuttles are thrown simultaneously.
Figures 1 to 5 shew the mechanism to be used with a single shuttle loom.
Figure 6 shews a longitudinal section of a single shuttle loom with the
mechanism fitted to it.
Figures 7 and 8 shew the mechanism to be used with a two shuttle loom.
Figure 1 is a side elevation shewing the binding and warp threads in position
whilst weaving the bottom piece. Figure 2 is a front view of the same.
Figure 3 is a side elevation shewing the binding and warp threads in position
whilst weaving the top piece. Figure 4 is a. front view of the same.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of the lower part of the mechanism shewing the way
in which a sideway movement is given to the selvage warps from a cam driven from
the low shaft.
.
Figure 7 is a side elevation and Figure 8 a front view of the mechanism for a two
shuttle loom.
It will be seen that in Figures 1, 3 and 7 part of the framework is cut away in
order to shew the position of the needles more clearly.
In Figures 1 to 6 A A' are selvage warps which are drawn from a reel or
bobbin B-but they might if desired be taken from the same beam as that upon
which the other selvage warps are carried or from the main warp beam.
C.C' are the binding threads which are drawn from a reel or bobbin D.
The warps A A¹ are threaded through the thread eyes J, J, J, J³. to which a
sideway shogging movement is imparted. The binding threads C (" are threaded
through the eyes of the needles F G to which an up and down movement is
imparted.
The binding threads C for the upper pair of needles are led downwards to the
eyes of the needles through eyes in the bar F to which the stems of the upper
needles are secured. The binding threads for the lower pair of needles are passed
under the guide rod C*.
A uniform tension is maintained upon the binding threads C C during the
alternation of shed by means of a cord which carries weights d'. d. d. As the
bobbin empties itself the cord is wound up and the weights raised until they pass
over the top of the pulley and overbalance-they then drop down on the opposite
side of the pulley and again tighten the binding threads and so on continuously.
E is a bracket or base which is bolted to a cross bar of the framework of the
loom. E' E Es are upright rods fixed into it. Upon the top of the rods E¹ E* is
fixed a plate E. Two guard plates Es rise up from the top of the front end of this
plate. The needles F G and thread eyes J Js are between these two plates which
keep the other warps from interfering with their action. To the top of the guard
plates Es is secured another plate E. The rod E³ is prolonged upwards through
the plates E* E as shown in Figures 1 and 3 and is secured to both these plates-
F is a bar to which the upper needles F¹. F'. are secured-G is a similar bar to
:

page_text: which the lower needles are secured-H is a connecting rod which passes through
vertical holes in the plates E' E6 and connects the bars F and G together. This
connecting rod receives an up and down motion from a lever mounted like the heald
levers and like them actuated by means of a tappet on the tappet shaft-H¹ is a
union for coupling the connecting rod H to a rod which passes downwards from the
lever. The upper pair of needles F¹. F², pass through holes in the guide plate E
whereby they are guided in their up and down motion-the lower pair of
needles G¹ G² similarly pass through holes in the guide plate E.
The bar G to which the lower needles are secured is guided in its up and down
movement by the rods E. E. E³. The bar F to which the upper needles are
secured is guided in its up and down motion by the rod E³ and also by another
rod K which passes through it-J J1 J2 J³ are guide fingers having eyes at their
extremities through which the warp threads A A' are threaded-these guide
fingers extend from a collar I which is fixed upon the rod K-a rocking motion is
imparted to the rod so as to give a sideway to and fro movement to the guide
fingers.
To effect this the rod K at its lower end is made to pass through the base
plate E and a collar is secured to the rod to rest upon the top of the plate whilst a
lever O is secured to it just below this plate. The lever is (by a spring hooked on
to it) pressed constantly towards a tappet or cam N so that a pin which descends
from the end of the lever arm rests always against the surface of this tappet or
cam. The tappet or cam N is carried by a short upright shaft L³ which by a
worm L' and worm wheel L² is driven from the ordinary low or picking shaft L of
the loom. The upright shaft L³ is mounted in bearings in a bracket M which is
attached to the framework of the loom.
for
open
Upon reference to Figure 1, it will be seen that when the shed is
receiving the weft for the bottom piece the binding threads C and warp A' are at
rest whilst C and A are opening a shed to receive a pick of weft-after the weft
is thrown across, the needles are moved into the position shewn at Figure 3-
C and A then come to rest at the bottom whilst C and A' open a shed to receive
the weft at the top, this is repeated alternately and at the same time the guide
fingers J J1 J2 J³ are moved sidewise so that the warps which they carry are from
time to time brought to opposite sides of the points of the needles-this can bo
done at every pick or after any desired number of picks-in the drawings it is
shown as being made to take place after every three picks.
The drawing Figure 6 shews the mechanism erected in its place in a single
shuttle loom for weaving double pile fabrics.--In the main features of its
construction this loom is similar to the loom described in the specification of a
former patent granted to George Davies N° 2429 in the year 1858 so that it will
be unnecessary to give any description of it. The parts of the loom are only
shewn in order that the way in which the fast selvage mechanism is to be applied
to it may be clearly seen.
In the mechanism shewn at Figures 7 and 8 for a two shuttle loom the same
parts are marked with the same letters of reference as in the preceding figures.
The mechanism necessarily differs somewhat from that above described because
when two shuttles are thrown simultaneously it is necessary to open two sheds for
the shuttles to be passed through. To do this we not only give an up and down
movement to the needles as in the mechanism just described but also give an up
and down motion to the bar K-such up and down movement being in an opposite
direction to that of the connecting rod H, that is, that when the rocking bar K is
being drawn down the connecting rod H is drawn up.
When the rocking bar K is at the top and the connecting rod H at the bottom
it will be observed that the binding threads C C are as shewn in Figure 7 in front
of the warp threads A A¹ and whilst in this position a lateral movement is giver
to the thread eyes carried by the rocking bar K thus carrying the warp threads A A
to the opposite side of the needles F¹ F³, G' G².
After the weft has been thrown the connecting rod H and rocking bar Kar

page_text: caused to reverse their positions by the connecting rod H being drawn from bottom
to top and the rocking bar K from top to bottom so causing the warp threads A A¹
and the binding threads C C to again cross and again form two sheds for the two
shuttles to pass through.
In order that the lever O may always remain bearing against the cam or tappet N
notwithstanding that the bar K is moved upwards and downwards the pin which
is carried at the end of the lever and which rests against the cam or tappet is made
longer than the length of upward and downward movement given to the bar K.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the manner of
performing the same we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the precise construction of mechanism shewn in the drawings hereunto annexed
but we claim :-
First. The manufacture of double pile fabrics woven face to face in a power
loom with fast inner selvages both in the upper and lower cloths of the double pile
fabric and with the fast selvages in the upper cloth of the fabric formed immediately
above the fast selvages in the lower cloth substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. The employment in a power loom for weaving double pile fabrics of
two sets of needles carrying warp binding threads one set above the other and
with the upper set pointing downwards and the lower set pointing upwards and
both capable of being slidden upwards and downwards in a fixed frame; also
carried in the same frame of two sets of thread eyes carrying warp threads one set
above the other to which thread eyes a sideway shogging motion can be given by
the action of a cam driven from the low shaft of the loom so as to cross and recross
the warp threads carried by the needles and by the thread eyes respectively so
as to form fast selvage edges in the upper cloths immediately above fast selvage
edges in the lower cloth of the double pile fabric which is being woven substantially
as described.
Third. The mechanism for producing fast inner selvages in the two cloths of
double pile fabrics woven face to face in a power loom substantially as herein before
described and illustrated at Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings.
Fourth. The mechanism for producing fast inner selvages in the two cloths of
double pile fabrics woven face to face in a power loom substantially as herein
before described and illustrated at Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings.
In witness whereof we the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister and José Reixach have
ereunto set our hands and seals this nineteenth day of May in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.