IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN CONNECTING CARRIAGE LAMPS TO LAMP IRONS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Howes and William Burley, both of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Lamp Manufacturers, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN
CONNECTING CARRIAGE LAMPS TO LAMP IRONS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Howes and William
Burley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January
1882.
WALTER HOWES and WILLIAM BURLEY both of Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Lamp Manufacturers.
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN CONNECTING CARRIAGE LAMPS TO LAMP IRONS."
Our Invention consists first of the following improvements in the manufacture
of carriage lamps.
In the ordinary manufacture of carriage lamps the bottom of the lamp body and
the barrel immediately beneath the said bottom for taking into the tubular socket
on the lamp iron are made separately and brazed together. By this method of
manufacture the barrel often becomes detached from the bottom of the lamp body
and the object of this part of our Invention is to prevent the detachment of the
barrel from the bottom of the lamp body. This object we effect by making the
said bottom and barrel in one piece by the casting process the cast combined
bottom and barrel being finished by turning and filing or planing.
This part of our Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of the top and
chimney of carriage lamps the said top and chimney being similar to the bottom
of the lamp body and barrel inverted.
Our Invention consists secondly of the following improvements in connecting
carriage lamps to the ordinary socket on the lamp iron whereby a waterproof
junction is produced and the fixing of the barrel in the socket by the corrosion of
the latter which commonly happens is avoided.
At the summit of the barrel and immediately under the bottom of the lamp
body we form a collar. Between the said collar and the barrel an annular space

page_text: is left of a shape and size proper to take upon and closely fit the top of the tubular
socket of the lamp iron.
When the candle. tube of the lamp is lowered into the socket on the lamp iron
and the annular space between the barrel and collar described is made to pass onto
the top edge of the socket the said space is completely filled by the said top edge
of the socket and a water tight joint between the parts is formed and the entrance
of wet to the socket thus effectually prevented.
The lamp is prevented from turning in the socket by a "nib" or uncut away
part on the barrel taking into a notch or cut away part in the socket and the
lamp is secured in its place in the socket by means of a screw on the top of the
candle tube or handle of the lamp taking into a concave screw in the interior of
the barrel and near the bottom of the said barrel. A collar near the screw on the
candle tube when the latter is screwed home abuts against the bottom of the
socket and prevents the entrance of wet at the said bottom.
This part of our Invention may be applied to carriage lamps in which the
bottom of the lamp body and the barrel are made in one piece according to the
first part of our Invention but it may also be applied to carriage lamps in which
the bottom of the lamp body and the barrel are made separately and connected
together in the ordinary way.
Our Invention consists thirdly of the following improvements in connecting.
carriage lamps to lamp irons.
At the back of the body of the lamp we fix a small case in which two sliding
bolts work the said case being open at its middle for the passage into it of the end
of the lamp iron. The said bolts are worked by a right and left handed screw
turning in bearings in the ends of the case the bottom end of the screw being
provided with a thumb plate external to the case for turning it.
The said screw has only a rotatory motion in its case.
On the right handed half of the screw one of the bolts provided with a corre-
sponding screwbox works and on the left hand half of the screw the other bolt
provided with a corresponding screw box works the exterior of the said bolts
having a wedge or angular shape so that they can only slide in their case. By
turning the right and left handed screw by its external thumb plate the two
sliding bolts are made simultaneously to approach one another at the middle
opening in the case or to separate from one another and simultaneously approach
the ends of the case.
We construct the end of the lamp iron to which the lamp is to be fastened of a
forked figure. The end of each branch of the fork has an internal lip or shoulder
and the inner sides of the branches and base of the fork have a figure corre-
sponding to that of the exterior of the sliding bolts described. The exterior of
the branches are inclined and the sides of the bolt case which take upon the said
inclined sides have a corresponding figure.
In order to fasten the lamp to the lamp iron the bolts in the case are separated
to a distance sufficient to withdraw them from the middle opening in the said case;
the opening in the bolt case is then passed onto the forked end of the lamp iron
the right and left handed screw passing between the branches of the said forked
end. By turning the screw by its thumb plate in the proper direction the two
bolts are made simultaneously to approach one another and to engage with the
fork of the lamp iron and thereby connect the lamp to the said iron. By turning
the screw in the contrary direction to that described so as to separate the two
sliding bolts the lamp is released from the lamp iron and may be withdrawn
from it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Howes and William Burley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th July 1882.
WALTER HOWES and WILLIAM BURLEY both of Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Lamp Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN CONNECTING CARRIAGE LAMPS TO LAMP IRONS."
Our Invention consists, first of the following improvements in the manufacture
of carriage lamps.
In the ordinary manufacture of carriage lamps, the bottom of the lamp body
and the barrel, immediately beneath the said bottom, for taking into the tubular
socket on the lamp iron, are made separately and brazed together. By this method
of manufacture, the barrel often becomes detached from the bottom of the lamp
body and the object of this part of our Invention is to prevent the detachment of
the barrel from the bottom of the lamp body. This object we effect by making
the said bottom and barrel in one piece by the casting process, the cast
combined bottom and barrel being finished by turning and filing or planing.
This part of our Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of the top and
chimney of carriage lamps, the said top and chimney being similar to the bottom
of the lamp body and barrel inverted.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section and plan, the combined bottom and barrel
of a carriage lamp body made in one piece by casting according to our Invention,
the bottom being marked a and the barrel b. Or the bottom and barrel may be
made separately by casting and connected together by screwing as represented in
Figure 2, where the separate bottom is marked a² and the separate barrel is
marked b².
The screwed junction of the two parts a², 62 is marked c, c. By screwing the
parts a², be together as represented a virtually solid combined bottom and barrel is
made.
The barrel may be prolonged downwards from the bottom of the body when the
lamp is to be attached to the ordinary socket on the lamp iron.
Figure 3 represents a vertical section; Figure 4 a plan and Figures 5 and 6
elevations, taken at right angles to each other, of a combined top and chimney of
a carriage lamp made in one piece by casting according to our Invention. The top
of the lamp body is marked d and the chimney is marked e.
Instead of making the cap of the chimney solid or in one piece with the chimney,
the said cap may be made separately and screwed to the chimney as represented in
Figures 7, 8 and 9, where the separate cap part is marked f. The top of the
chimney e of the combined top and chimney is screwed externally to receive the
screwed part g of the cap f and the said chimney e is also screwed internally to
receive the terminal ornament h represented in Figure 9.
Figure 10 represents in section and Figure 11 in plan a square top and chimney,
of a carriage lamp body made in one piece by casting according to this part of our
Invention. In this combined top and chimney we prefer to joint it to a frame i
on the top of the lamp body so that the combined top and chimney can be turned
on its hinge k for opening the lamp. Access to the lamp can thus be obtained at
the head for lighting the lamp and for charging the candle tube.
Our Invention consists secondly of the following improvements in connecting
carriage lamps to the ordinary socket on the lamp iron, whereby a waterproof
junction is produced and the fixing of the barrel in the socket by the corrosion of
the latter which commonly happens is avoided.

page_text: At the summit of the barrel and immediately under the bottom of the lamp
body we form a collar. Between the said collar and the barrel, an annular space
is left into which the tubular socket of the lamp iron fits; or the collar may be
dispensed with and the bottom of the lamp be made to rest upon the top of the
socket, the said socket in this case being concealed by a shell below the bottom of
the lamp.
When the barrel of the lamp is lowered into the socket on the lamp iron and
the annular space between the barrel and collar described is made to pass on to the
top edge of the socket, the said space is filled by the said top edge of the socket
and a watertight joint between the parts is formed and the entrance of wet to the
socket thus effectually prevented. The lamp is prevented from turning in the
socket by a "nib," or uncut away part on the barrel taking into a notch or cut
away part in the socket; or by the iron taking into the opening in the shell, and
the lamp is secured in its place in the socket by means of a screw on the top of
the candle tube or handle of the lamp, taking into a concave screw in the interior
of the barrel and near the bottom of the said barrel. A collar near the screw on
the candle tube, when the latter is screwed home, abuts against the bottom of the
socket and prevents the entrance of wet at the said bottom.
This part of our Invention may be applied to carriage lamps in which the
bottom of the lamp body and the barrel are made in one piece according to the
first part of our Invention, but it may also be applied to carriage lamps in which
'the bottom of the lamp body and the barrel are made separately and connected
together in the ordinary way.
Figure 12 represents in side elevation, a carriage lamp connected to the ordinary
socket on the lamp iron according to this part of our Invention; Figure 13
represents the same partly in elevation and partly in vertical section; Figure 14 is
a horizontal section and Figure 15 a plan of the lamp and lamp iron; Figure 16 is a
plan of underside of a portion of the body of the lamp; Figure 17 represents the
candle tube or handle of the lamp separately and Figure 18 represents in side
elevation and Figure 19 in plan, the lamp iron separately.
The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 18
and 19.
a is the lamp iron and 6 is the socket of the same, the said parts a, b being of
the ordinary kind; c is the barrel fixed to or made in one piece with the bottom f
of the lamp body, the said barrel c having a size suitable to pass into the socket b
of the lamp iron. The lower part of the barrel c is screwed internally at c³ to
receive the screwed upper end d² of the candle tube or handle d of the lamp.
Under the screwed part 2 of the candle tube or handle d is a collar or shoulder d³.
Below the bottom f of the lamp body is a shell or false bottom e open at its lower
end. In the side or shell or false bottom e is an opening e into which the lamp
iron a passes.
The lamp is thereby prevented from turning in the socket b.
In fastening the lamp to the lamp iron, the candle tube or handle d is unscrewed
from the barrel c and the lamp is lowered into the socket b of the lamp iron. The
barrel c of the lamp is thereby made to pass into the socket b, the collar f³ on the
bottom of the lamp being made to seat itself on the top of the socket b and the
said socket being concealed or enclosed by the shell or false bottom e as seen in the
section Figure 13.
As the bottom of the lamp body seats itself on the top of the socket b the lamp
iron a carrying the socket b passes into the side opening e* in the shell or false
bottom e of the lamp and the said lamp cannot turn in the socket. After the
barrel c has been fitted in the socket b and the socked concealed, the lamp is
secured in its place in the socket b by screwing the top of the candle tube or
handle d of the lamp into the internal screw c², in the barrel c. The lamp is thus
securely held between the top and bottom of the socket b. When the candle tube or
handle d has been screwed home, its collar or shoulder d³ abuts against the bottom
of the socket b and a waterproof junction between the said socket and the barrel
is formed as seen in Figure 13.

page_text: By this arrangement the socket b is completely concealed and the entrance of
wet to the socket is effectually prevented.
The shell or false bottom e may be dispensed with and a collar around the
barrel c at the position f" on the bottom of the lamp body may be used, the said
collar around the barrel c being of such a diameter that when the barrel is passed
into the socket, the top edge of the socket b passes into and fills up the said collar.
In this case, a nib or stud on the barrel c takes into a notch in the socket b and
prevents the lamp turning in the socket.
Our Invention consists thirdly of the following improvements in connecting
carriage lamps to lamp irons.
At the back of the body of the lamp, we fix a small case in which two sliding
bolts work, the said case being open at its middle for the passage into it of the end
of the lamp iron. The said bolts are worked by a right and left handed screw
turning in bearings in the ends of the case, the bottom end of the screw being
provided with a thumb plate external to the case for turning it.
The said screw
has only a rotatory motion in its case. On the right handed half of the screw, one of
the bolts, provided with a corresponding internal screw or screw box, works, and on
the left hand half of the screw, the other bolt, provided with a corresponding
internal screw or screw box, works, the exterior of the said bolts having a wedge or
angular shape so that they can only slide in their case and exert a tightening
action upon the lamp iron. By turning the right and left handed screw, by its
external thumb plate the two sliding bolts are made simultaneously to approach
one another at the middle opening in the case or to separate from one another and
simultaneously approach the ends of the case.
We construct the end of the lamp iron to which the lamp is to be fastened of a
forked figure. The end of each branch of the fork has an internal lip or shoulder
and the inner sides of the branches and base of the fork have a figure corresponding
to that of the exterior of the sliding bolts described. The exterior of the branches
are inclined and the sides of the bolt case which take upon the said inclined sides
have a corresponding figure.
In order to fasten the lamp to the lamp iron, the bolts in the case are separated
to a distance sufficient to withdraw them from the middle opening in the said case;
the opening in the bolt case is then passed onto the forked end of the lamp iron,
the right and left handed screw passing between the branches of the said forked
end. By turning the screw by its thumb plate in the proper direction, the two
bolts are made simultaneously to approach one another and to engage with the fork
of the lamp iron and thereby connect the lamp to the said iron. By turning the
screw in the contrary direction to that described so as to separate the two sliding
bolts, the lamp is released from the lamp iron and may be withdrawn from it.
Figure 20 represents in side elevation and Figure 21 in back elevation, a carriage
lamp containing these improvements; Figure 22 represents an elevation of the
fastening mechanism, drawn of the full size; Figure 23 represents a back elevation
of the same with the back covering plate removed; Figures 24 and 25 représent
vertical section and Figure 26 a horizontal section of the fastening mechanism and
lamp iron drawn of the full size; Figure 27 represents the bolt case and its
covering detached; and Figure 28 represents the lamp iron detached drawn of the
full size.
.
The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
and 28 of the Drawings.
Fixed at the back of the body of the lamp is a case a in which a right and left
handed screw b, c is situated, the said screw passing through and working the two
sliding bolts d, e. The screw b, c has only a rotatory motion and is turned by the
thumb plate f external to the case a. The said screw works in the bearings at g, g,
in the top and bottom of the case, the said bearings being formed by semicircular
depressions in the inner faces of the case a and the covering plate a². The two
sliding bolts d, e are provided with internal screws, the threads of which respectively
correspond with the right and left handed portions b, c of the screw upon which

page_text: they work (see the section Figure 24). By turning the thumb plate f of the screw
b, c, the bolts d, e are made simultaneously to approach one another or to separate
from one another. It will be seen by an examination of the sections Figures 24
and 25 that the bolts d, e are wedge shaped so that when driven home they exert
a pulling up or lightening action on the lamp iron. In Figure 22 the two bolts
d, e are represented in their nearly withdrawn position; in Figure 25 in their fully
withdrawn position and in Figure 24 in their advanced and fastening position. In
the back of the case a is a middle opening h through which the end of the lamp
iron passes. The lamp iron is marked i and its end k has the forked figure best
seen in Figure 28, stops at 1, 1 limiting the distance to which the case a can be
passed on to the forked end of the said iron.
In fastening the lamp to the lamp iron, the bolts d, e are made to take the
position represented in Figure 25; that is, they are separated to a distance
sufficient to withdraw them from the middle opening in the case a. The opening h
in the case a is then passed onto the forked end k of the lamp iron i, the screw b, c
passing between the branches of the said forked end and the opening between the
branches engaging with the central block a³ on the covering plate a² of the case
(see the horizontal section Figure 26). By now turning the screw b, c by its
external thumb plate f to the right hand the two bolts d, e are made simultaneously
to approach one another and to engage with the fork of the lamp. iron, and
thereby connect the lamp to the said lamp iron. As the wedge shaped bolts d, e
enter between the branches of the fork k they exert a lightening or drawing up
action upon the said fork as will be understood by an examination of Figure 24.
In order to disconnect the lamp from the lamp iron the screw b, c is turned to
the left hand. The two bolts d, e are thereby made to separate and when they
have reached the position Figure 25 the lamp is released and may be withdrawn
from the lamp iron.
Instead of fastening the lamp to the lamp iron by a double wedge shaped bolt as
last described, a single wedge shaped bolt may be employed.
This modified fastening is illustrated in side elevation and back elevation applied
to the lamp in Figures 29 and 30 and in vertical section in Figures 31 and 32,
Figure 31 showing the bolt in its advanced position and Figure 32 the bolt in its
withdrawn position; Figure 33 represents a portion of the bolt case separately and
Figure 34 represents the end of the lamp iron separately.
m is the case fixed to the back of the lamp, in which case the wedge shaped
bolt n slides. Working in the said case m is a right handed screw p turned by
the thumb plate p². The said screw p is screwed internally and on the end of
the sliding bolt n is a left handed screw n which takes into the internally screwed
part of the screw p. When the screw p is turned so as to advance it in the
case m, the screw n² of the bolt n is made to retire out of the said screw p and
the said bolt n is thereby made rapidly to take its shot or advanced position as
represented in Figure 31. By reversing the motion of the screw p the screwed
end n² of the bolt n is drawn into the screw p and the said bolt is withdrawn
from the lamp iron as represented in Figure 31. By the arrangement described
and represented, the wedge shaped bolt n moves through a distance double that
which the screw p moves in the same time.
The end of the lamp iron is hooked at q² and a collar q³ is situated in front of
the hooked end. In the hooked end q² is a cross opening through which the
wedge shaped bolt passes to fasten the lamp. In the upper part of the bolt case m
is a square openings and in the top of the said case and in a line with the bolt n
is a recess or cut away part t for the end of the advanced bolt to pass into and
for the hooked end q2 of the lamp iron to engage with or hook itself upon.
In connecting the lamp to the lamp iron, the back of the lamp is inclined so as
engage the recess or cut away part t of the bolt case with the hooked end q² of
the lamp iron q. The lamp is then depressed into a vertical position. The upper
part of the bolt case m is thereby made to seat itself upon the shoulder q³ of the
lamp iron and the hooked end q occupies the position represented in Figures 31

page_text: and 32. By now driving home the screw p, the bolt n is advanced through the
hole r in the hooked end of the lamp iron as illustrated in Figure 31, when the
lamp is connected to the lamp iron. By withdrawing the bolt n into the position
represented in Figure 32 the lamp is unfastened and by inclining it may be with-
drawn from the lamp iron.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed we wish it to be understood that we claim as our Invention
of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Carriage Lamps and in Connecting
Carriage Lamps to Lamp Irons."—
First Making the bottom and the barrel of carriage lamp bodies in one piece
by the casting process as herein before described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the
accompanying Drawings; also making the lamp bottom and barrel separately by
the casting process and screwing them together as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly Making the top and chimney of carriage lamp bodies in one piece by
the casting process as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 10
and 11 of the accompanying Drawings; also making the chimney cap and
terminal part separately and screwing them to the chimney as herein before
described and illustrated in Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly The improvements herein before described and illustrated in Figures 12
to 19 both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings in connecting carriage lamps
to the ordinary socket irons; that is to say, the combination of the parts described
and illustrated for fixing the lamp between the top and bottom of the socket of
the iron and for producing a waterproof junction between the barrel of the lamp
and the socket of the iron; also preventing the rotation of the lamp in the socket
and concealing the said socket by means of a shell or false bottom below the
ordinary bottom of the lamp body substantially as described and illustrated.
Fourthly The improvements in connecting carriage lamps to lamp irons
bereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 20 to 28 both inclusive of the
accompanying Drawings; that is to say a fastening for the purpose described
consisting essentially of the right and left handed screw b, c for giving a
simultaneous motion in opposite directions to the internally screwed sliding bolts
d, e working thereon the said fastening being used in conjunction with a fork ended
lamp iron substantially as described and illustrated; also the modified fastening
herein described and illustrated in Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34 in which a
single sliding bolt is used.
In witness whereof we the said Walter Howes and William Burley have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Sixth day of July in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
37 Temple Street,
Birmingham.
(LS.)
WALTER HOWES.
WILLIAM BURLEY. (L.S.)