Improvements in venicie Brakes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 9th Nov., 1895
Improvements in venicie
Brakes.
I, HORACE DART COOL, of Little Valley, in the County of Cattaraugus, and
State of New York, United States of America, Farmer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improvement in vehicle brakes and it has for its object
to provide a cylindrical brake which will be so divided that each part will perform
a certain and separate function and whereby the parts of the brake acting in
conjunction will produce the desired friction direct on the wheel. A further object
of the invention is to provide an automatic vebicle brake or one which will be
applied by the team in holding back, and to so construct the brake that when in
braking position the shoes will act to effectually prevent a forward movement of
the wheels with which they contact but wherein without removing the shoes from
engagement with the wheels the wheels may be moved in a rearward direction to
back the vehicle as freely as if the brake were not applied.
In carrying out the invention, a rock shaft is mounted upon the rear hounds or
upon a support carried by the said hounds, the shaft extending transversely of the
hounds, and terminating at each end in a crank arm, one arm being in front of each
rear wheel. Each crank arm carries a cylindrical brake shoe, and each shoe
comprises two sections, one section, the outer section for example, only being
adapted for engagement with the wheel. The opposing faces of the two sections
are clutch faces and the teeth composing said faces are so formed that when one of
the sections is held stationary and the other section revolved in the direction of the
wheel, which would be the case if the vehicle were advancing and the wheel in
contact with the section, the revoluble section will cease to revolve and will act in
the same manner as if in one piece. But, on the other hand, when the vehicle is
backed, the shoe still being in engagement with the wheel, the revoluble section
will be rotated in a forward direction, thus in a measure aiding the wheel with
which it contacts to revolve in the required direction. Both of the sections are
loosely mounted upon the crank arm adapted to support them and the space
between the sections is protected from dirt, etc., by a shield attached to one section
and covering the space. The outer section is constantly held in clutch engagement
with the inner section through the medium of a spring having bearing against the
outer end of the outer section, the spring being confined upon the crank arm by a
cap or an equivalent stop. The springs serve to prevent the cylindrical brake shoes
from lateral movement and ensure likewise a co-operation at all times between the
sections of the shoes. The outer section of the improved brake shoe is preferably
provided with a peripheral braking surface of sole leather or equivalent material
placed thereon in annular strips or otherwise applied. The movement of the brake
shoes to and from the wheel is controlled by rods pivotally connected with the inner
faces of the inner sections of the shoes, either eccentrically or concentrically, and the
opposite ends of the rods are attached to an axle. Thus it will be observed that the
brake shoes are controlled from the axle of the vehicle. The brake is applied through
the medium of the reach of the vehicle, which is constructed so that it will have more
or less end movement, such as through the medium of a clevis attached to the
forward end of the rear hounds, the inembers of the clevis extending downward at
opposite sides of the reach, being pivotally connected therewith and attached to

page_text: crank arms projected downwards from the rock shaft one from each side of its centre,
the connection being effected through the medium of links adjustably attached to
the clevis and the intermediate crank arms of the rock shaft in order that the
power with which the brake is to be applied may be rendered greater or less as the
character of the vehicle may demand, or as may be demanded by the nature of
the road or load.
In the operation of this brake, if the vehicle is travelling on descending ground
the action of holding back on the part of the team will cause the shoes to he
applied to the rear wheels and as the inner sections of the shoes are held
stationary when applied by the connecting bars projected from the axle, and
since the outer sections of the shoes can not revolve in a rearward direction when
the inner sections are stationary, the shoes will act upon the wheels to prevent
them revolving forwardly, and in as perfect and reliable a. manner as though the
shoes were in one piece, but if, during the descent, it should be desirable to back
the vehicle or to turn the same, either wheel will have an uninterrupted rearward
movement without removing the brakes from the wheels, since the outer sections of
the brake shoes contacting with the wheels are capable of uninterrupted forward
rotary movement. Therefore, in a brake of the above description, a vehicle can
be stopped, backed, or turned upon a hill-side, without danger of moving down the
incline, which would not be the case if the brake had to be removed from the wheels
in backing or turning. The brake may also be applied from the pole of the vehicle
or by means of a hand or foot lever.
Dated this 15th day of January 1895
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chaucery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
Improvements in Vehicle Brakes.
1 HORACE DART COOL, of Little Valley in the County of Cattaraugus and
State of New York, United States of America, Farmer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in vehicle brakes and it has for its object
to provide a cylindrical brake which will be so divided that each part will perform
a certain and separate function and whereby the parts of the brake acting in
conjunction will produce the desired friction direct on the wheel. A further object
of the invention is to provide an automatic vehicle brake, or one which will be
applied by the team in holding back, and to so construct the brake that when in
braking position the shoes will act to effectually prevent a forward movement of
the wheels with which they contact, but wherein without removing the shoes from
engagement with the wheels, the wheels may be moved in a rearward direction to
back the vehicle as freely as if the brake were not applied.
The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several
parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the views.
Figure 1 is a plan view of the rear portion of a vehicle with the improved brake
applied thereto;
Figure 2 is a section taken substantially on the line 2-2 of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a section taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a detail view of a brake shoe; and
Figure 5 is a detail section taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 1.

page_text: In carrying out the invention a vock shaft A, is mounted upon the rear
hounds B, or upon a support carried by the said bounds, the shaft extending
transversely of the hounds, and terminating at each and in a crank arm. A', one
ann being in front of each rear wheel.
Each crank arm carries a cylindrical brake shoe C, and each shoe comprises
two sections 10 and 11, one section, the outer section 11 for example, only being
adapted for contact with the wheel. The opposing faces of the two sections are
clutch faces; and the teeth composing said faces are so formed that when one of.
the sections is held stationary and the other section revolved: in: the direction of
the wheel, which would be the: case, .f the vehicle. were advancing and the wheel
in contact with the section; the revoluble: section will cease to revolve and will
act in the same manner as if in one piece. But, on the other hand, when the
vehicle is backed, the shoe still being in contact with the wheel, the revoluble
section will be rotated in a forward direction, thus in an.measure. aiding the
wheel with which it contacts to revolve in the required direction.
Both of the sections 10 and 11 are loosely, mounted upon the crank arm adapted
to support them, and the space between the sections is protected, from dirt, or other
deleterious matter by aishield 12, attached to one section, and covering the space,
as is likewise shown in Figure 4. The outer section 11, is constantly held in
clutch engagement with the inner section 10 through the medium of a spring 13,
bearing against the outer end of the outer section, the spring being confined upon
the crank arm by a cap 14, or an equivalent stop. The springs 13 serve to prevent
the lateral movement of the cylindrical brake shoes and likewise ensure co-operation
at all times between the sections of the shoes. The outer section 11 of the brake
shoe, is preferably provided with a peripheral braking surface 15 of sole leather,
or equivalent material, placed thereon in annular strips, or otherwise applied.
The movement of the brake shoes to, and from the wheel is controlled by
rods 16, pivotally connected with the inner faces of the inner sections 10 of the
shoes, either eccentrically or concentrically, and the opposite ends of the rods are
attached to an axle. Thus it will be observed that the brake shoes are controlled
from the axle of the vehicle.
The brake is applied through the medium of the reach D of the vehicle,
which is constructed so that it will have more or less end movement, and its
application is ofttimes made, as shown in the drawings, through the medium of a
clevis 17, attached to the forward end of the rear hounds, the members of the
clevis extending downward at opposite sides of the reach, being pivotally connected
therewith; and attached to crank arms 18, projected downward from the rock
shaft A, one from each side of its centre, the connection being effected through the
medium of links 19, adjustably attached to the clevis and the intermediate crank
arms 18 of the rock shaft, in order that the power with which the brake is to be
applied may be rendered greater or less as the character of the vehicle may
demand, or as may be demanded by the nature of the road or load.
In the operation of this brake, if the vehicle is travelling on descending ground,
the action of holding back on the part of the team will cause the shoes to be
applied to the rear wheels, and as the inner sections of the shoes are held stationary
when applied, by the connecting bars 16 projecting from the axle, and since the
outer sections of the shoes cannot revolve in a rearward direction when the inner
sections are stationary, the shoes will act upon the wheels to prevent them revolving
forwardly, and in as perfect and reliable a manner as though the shoes were in one
piece, but if, during the descent, it should be desirable to back the vehicle, or to
turn the same, either wheel will have an uninterrupted rearward movement without
removing the brakes from the wheels, since the outer sections of the brake shoes
contacting with the wheels are capable of uninterrupted forward rotary movement.
Therefore, with a brake of the above description, a vehicle can be stopped, backed
or turned upon a hill-side without danger of moving down the incline, which would
not be the case if the brake had to be removed from the wheels in backing or in
turning.

page_text: The brake may be applied from the pole of the vehicle, or it may be applied by
means of a hand or of a foot lever.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. The combination with a shaft adapted to be mounted parallel with the rear
axle, of cylindrical brake shoes turning loosely on the ends of the shalt to act
on the rear wheels and having clutch teeth on their inner ends, springs on the
outer extremities of the shaft and pressing the shoes inwardly, and clutch sections
on the shaft and engaged by said clutch teeth, substantially as set forth.
2. In a brake, a crank shaft provided on its crank with a loose cylindrical brake
shoe, divided into two sections having interlocking clutch teeth, a spring holding
the two sections together, means for rocking the crank shaft and means for holding
the inner one of the brake sections stationary, substantially as described.
3. A brake comprising a crank shaft, a cylindrical brake shoe on the crank
and formed of two sections connected by interlocking clutch teeth, a spring pressing
the two sections together, means for rocking the crank shaft from the reach of a
vehicle and means for connecting the inner brake section with the axle, substantially
as described.
4. In a brake shoe for vehicles, a rock shaft provided with crank arms extending
in front of the wheels of the vehicle, a cylindrical brake mounted upon each crank
arm, composed of two sections having clutch connection, and tension devices
holding said sections in engagement, a rod attached to one of the sections and to a
fixed portion of the vehicle, limiting the movement of the section with which it is
connected, and means for operating the crank shaft, substantially as described.
5. In a brake shoe for vehicles, a rock shaft provided with crank arms extending
in front of the wheels of the vehicle, a cylindrical brake mounted upon each crank
arm, composed of two sections having clutch connection, and tension devices
holding said sections in engagement, a rod attached to one of the sections and to a
fixed portion of the vehicle, limiting the movement of the section with which it is
connected, a sliding reach, and adjustable shifting devices connecting the reach
with the rock shaft, as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 7th day of October 1895.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.