Improvements in Net Making Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 16th June, 1897-Accepted, 20th May, 1898-
[Communicated from abroad by OSCAR HAMMER, of Hesselberggaden 11, and GUSTAV
HAMMER, of Telthusgaden 3, both in Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway,
Modellers.]
Improvements in Net Making Machines.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in net making machines, the object of
which is to increase the working power and at the same time facilitate the tending
of the machine.
This is obtained partly by using continually rotating shuttles, partly by intro-
ducing new means for forming loops from the spool-threads, and by using shifting
means, which at the same time keep the threads clutched while the knots are being
formed, together with several other new arrangements, which will be further
explained in the following description.
The machine belongs to that class of net making machines, where the knot is
formed between two threads running parallel with each other, one of which threads
(the warp thread) is led to the point where the knots are formed from a suitably
arranged hasp or drum, while the other (the spool thread) is led to the knotting
place from the opposite side from a shuttle. The spool thread is alternately knotted
to the
warp thread to its right and to its left side.
A machine constructed according to this invention is shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Figure 1 is a front view of the machine.
Figure 2 is a vertical section on the liner Figure 1 seen from the left.
Figure 3 is a vertical section on a larger scale on the line y-y Figure 1 seen
from the right showing the arrangement of the various driving parts.
Figures 4 to 12 are detail views to be hereinafter referred to."
Figures 13 and 14 illustrate respectively a sheet bend knot and a reef knot.
Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18, illustrate the formation of the loop and,
Figure 10 the formation of the knot.
A A Figures 1 2 and 3 are the sides of the machine frame, which are connected
together by suitable cross bars. B is a bar stretching across the whole machine,
which bar will be hereinafter denominated as the "shifting bar." This bar is
provided with means for keeping the threads in a fixed position, while the knots
are formed which in the constructional form shown in the drawings takes place
at the front edge of the bar. The shifting bar is shown in Figures 11 and 12.
n front elevation and section respectively, and consists of a bar, the back edge of
which is journalled in the machine frame, and the front edge of which is provided
with. hooks 3, and of a longitudinally sliding plate 4 connected with said bar,
aid plate 4 carrying downwardly bent laps or projection 5.
Cams 6 Figure 3
.מ
017

page_text: fixed to a continually rotating shaft 8 impart oscillating movement to the said
shifting bar, and the plate 4 is moved longitudinally by aid of a cam 9.
The loop formers C being of the form shown in Figures 4, 5, and 10, have only to
be moved up and down in order to form loops from the spool threads, they are fixed
to a shaft 12 Figures 1 and 3 which through suitable connecting links 13 and 14
is put in oscillating movement by aid of the cams 15.
The needles D are fixed to a bar 16 which by aid of a cam revolves on the shaft 12
so as to be moved independent of the loop formers C, but about the same centre.
Between the needles there are situated guide pins for the warp threads, which also
The needles
pass through the guides 19, arranged at the back end of the needles.
have imparted to them an oscillating movement through the connecting
links 22, 23, 24 and 25 by aid of a cam 26, Figure 3 also fixed to the shaft 8. The
needles and the loop formers may also be moved together laterally by aid of a
cam 27 and an arm 28 Figure 1.
The warp threads arrive by a comb-like guide F Figures 1, 2 and 3 in the
machine, where they are led into the feed rollers E, E and E2, one of which, for
instance the roller E by the aid of a cam 29 and an arm 30 actuated by this cam,
and connected with a pawl 32 engaging a ratchet 33 fixed to the shaft of the
The extent of the move-
roll E, has imparted to it an intermitting movement.
ment being regulated by the bar 31 being connected with the arm 30 at a varying
distance from the swinging point of the latter. From the feed rollers the thread
passes over a frame G and the guides 19 to the needles D in the way shown
in the accompanying drawings.
'
The frame G swings on pivots 20 and may be moved in such a way, that the
thread is always held suitably tight. The frame has its movement imparted to it
by the cam 34 Figure 1 by aid of suitable connecting links.
The most characteristic feature of this machine is the peculiar arrangement of
the shuttles. The spool is enclosed in a casing, about which is placed a loose,
toothed ring, this ring forming the shuttle proper. This ring (H Figure 3) rests
loosely between three rollers (35, 36, 37) and moves in guides in these rolls, being
kept continually rotating by one of the said rollers, the guide of which is furnished
with teeth gearing with the teeth of the shuttle so as to impart its rotating motion
to the same.
Each time a loop of the warp thread is formed, and by a suitable
device is carried into the path of the toothed ring, this loop is caught by one
of its teeth and drawn around the shuttle, the spool thread being in this way
carried into the loop of the warp thread, thus enabling the formation of part of
the knot.
In front of the loop formers and the needles are journal led the three
rollers 35, 36, 37, provided with grooves 38 for the shuttles H with the spools I.
The shuttles Figures 6, 7 and 8 consist of a ring H, in the outer edge of which
there are placed teeth 39 corresponding to the rifles 40 Figure 3 on the roller 35.
The shuttles accordingly will also be set in rotation when the roller 35 is rotating.
Within the shuttle ring H there is placed another ring 44, which is revolvable
and the inside of which is provided with a ring track, in which are placed the
spools I, which spools may be suitably made from two suitably formed plates
soldered together at the centre (at 45) Figure 7, between which plates the thread is
wound.
From this it will be seen that the ring or shuttle proper H, the ring 44 and the
The ring 44, has on one
spool I may be turned independently of each other.
side a cut out part H¹ in its flange so as to let the spools be easily inserted and
removed (Figure 8), while on its other side it is provided with a smaller cut out
part H (Figure 6), through which the thread may be led to an arm 46 connected
with the ring 44, said arm being provided with holes 48 for tightening the threads.
Above the roller 35 is placed a semi-cylindrical bar 47 Figure 3, the ends of which
are pivoted to the shaft of the roller so as to be moved independently of the roller.
The bar 47 carries fingers 49 for the purpose of catching the warp thread carried
through the loop formed by the hooks Ċ by the needles D, and for laying this

page_text: thread against the teeth of the shuttles.
These fingers are channeled in front
so the edges may overlap the sides of the shuttles and carry the warp threads down
between their teeth (see Figures 4 and 5).
Behind the shifting bar are placed the rollers 52 and 53, between which the com-
pleted portion of the net is pulled intermittently and then wound up on a roller 54,
which may be suitably driven by aid of a belt from one of the rollers 52 and 53.
One of the rollers 52 and 53 is actuated by a pawl 50 Figure 1 from the same cam
and in the like way as the feed rollers E, so that the movement may be regulated
according to the mesh size.
In a hollow 55 on the shifting bar or at any other suitable place there may be
arranged means to prevent the net from being drawn together, and which may be
constructed in form of small revolving screw propellers 56 Figure 12, which gear
with the side meshes of the net and thereby tightening the latter.
The form of the hooks (the loop formers)--C largely contributes to simplify
the machine, these hooks being formed so as to have only to be moved up and down
to form the loops. This result is obtained by reason that their foremost part,
which is provided with a point or beak 60, is inclined on both sides, and by the
hooks having a shoulder at 61 Figure 10. When the hook is pressed down against
a thread situated below it forces this to the side, by the aid of its inferior incline,
so that the thread engages with the shoulder 61, when the hook is again lifted, the
part of the thread situated in front of the shoulder slides across the upper
at the foremost end of the hook, thereby forming the loop and remains hanging
at the point or beak 60, when the shifting bar is carried forward.
incline
The forming of the knots in the machine shown in the Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the
drawings may be explained as follows.
Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18, illustrate the forming of loops, and Figure 19 the
knot forming. In Figure 15 is shown the loop former having caught a loop of
the spool thread, the thread lying across the upper shoulder of the loop former. The
loop former is of helicoidal or cork-screw form, so that, the thread sliding down-
wards against its pointed lower end (Figs. 16 and 17) the part of the thread
originally lying on the back side of the loop former is successively swung forward
to the front side of the same, the thread being hereby twisted half a turn so the
loop will be formed when the thread has completed its sliding movement to the
pointed beak (60) of the loop former.
The warp thread is now to be carried through this loop. This is effected in
a way illustrated in Fig. 19 showing the warp thread (R) carried through the loop
formed by the spool thread (S) by a needle D. In this figure is also shown, how
the finger 49 has caught the warp thread hanging down beneath the needle. This
finger now carries a loop of the warp thread, which loop will successively slide
inward towards the fastened end of the finger, down towards the shuttle ring H.
One of the teeth of this ring then catches the loop and takes it within its revolu-
tion. Thus this loop is brought to lie about the spool thread in such a way
that when the threads are successively drawn tight the spool thread will be situated
as shown in dotted lines at r, after which the loop former lets the loop slide off
its beak, so the knot may be drawn tight.
Briefly the machine may be said to work in the following manner:
The last knot formed is situated behind the foremost edge of the shifting
bar (B); the spool thread passes the space between the hooks 3 on the front edge
of the bar, and thence through the holes in the arm 46 to the spool while the warp
First
threads between the laps 5 on the plate 4 pass up through the needle D.
the hook C is moved up and down and when the shifting bar is swung forward,
Now the needles
loops are formed and remain hanging on the point or beak 60.
are passed through the loops thus formed, whereupon the fingers 49 move back-
ward, and the needles are carried aside, as shown in Figure 4, so that the thread
from the eye of the needle remains lying before the fingers, in such a position so
as to be carried, when the fingers are again swung forward, down between the
teeth of the shuttle, which in this way draw a loop of the warp thread round about

page_text: itself; the plate 4 of the shifting bar being moved in the direction of the arrow
(see Figures 4 and 5); the threads by aid of the laps 5 are kept under the
hooks 3, and the knot is formed between these and the plate 4, when the needles
are drawn back and the shift-bar swings forward, the loop is set free by the: point
or beak 60.
During the operations above mentioned the frame G is moved so as to keep the
warp thread suitably tightened and at the swinging backwards of the shifting bar
the spool thread is also tightened. In the position shown by Figure 5 the plate 4
is partly carried into the position, where together with the hooks 3 it engages
the threads, so that the loops are formed at the desired place. When the knot
is drawn tight the plate 4 returns to the position shown in Figure 4, and all
needles and hooks are moved laterally so the next time the hooks are situated
right above the next spool thread to the right or the left of the thread first engaged
and so on. At the same time the rollers pull the net a mesh length backwards
and draw the warp threads a corresponding length forwards, whereupon the opera-
tion is repeated in the same way.
The knots formed by aid of this machine are so called sheet-bend knots (see
Figure 13).
The inventors may also by slightly altering the machine produce a net, when
the knots formed are 66
reef-knots" (see Figure 14).
Of course the various parts of the above described machine may be varied in
many ways without thereby deviating from the principles of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is:,-
1. Net making machine characterised by a device for forming the knots con-
sisting of a loose, toothed ring encircling the spool casing which rings rests movably
in guides in rollers, one of the said rollers being provided with teeth in the said
guide, gearing with the teeth of the said ring for the purpose of imparting a
continual movement to the same, and which ring, when a loop is brought into the
path of its teeth, draws this loop round the spool, thereby forming a knot.
2. In a net making machine according to Claim 1 swinging fingers (49) catching
the warp threads and carrying loops of the same down between the teeth of the
continually rotating ring shuttle, these loops sliding during the movement of the
said fingers from the point of the same towards inner end of the same.
3. In a net making machine according to Claim 1 loop formers consisting of
revolving arms (C), the lower part of which, that contacts with the spool threads
being of helicoidal (cork screw) form, so that a loop of a thread lying across the
same is twisted in sliding along the same towards its lower pointed end.
4. In a net making machine according to Claim 1, means for retaining the
threads during the knot formation comprising a bar (B) journalled at its back edge,
and provided with hooks (3) at its front edge, and a plate sliding in the longitu-
dinal direction of the said bar (B), and provided with downwardly bent laps (5),
which place together with the said hooks (3), serve to keep the threads in their
position and fix the place of the knot.
5. In a net making machine according to Claim 1, an arrangement according to
which the shuttles are placed between three rollers all rotating the same way, which
impart movement to the shuttles.
. In a net machine according to Claim 1, an arrangement, according to which
the net already formed behind the place where the knots are formed is tightened
outwards against the sides by aid of revolving propeller-like parts (56) one at each
side of the net.
7. In a net machine according to Claim 1, fingers which
down against the teeth placed on the periphery of the spools, the said fingers
press the warp threads
overlapping the spools in such a way that their side edges carry the thread into the
teeth.

page_text: 8. In a net making machine according to Claim 1, spools formed of two centrally
soldered pressed sheet-metal plates.
9. In a net making machine according to Claim 1, a shuttle consisting of a
toothed ring (H) revolving about a ring (44) provided with thread guides (46),
within which ring the revolving spool (I), which is held in its place by flanges
provided on the sides of the ring (44), is placed.
10. In a net making machine according to Claim 1, loop formers (C) provided
with a shoulder (61) having a protruding part ending in a backward pointing
beak (60) so inclined, that when the loop former is pressed straight down against
the thread it will slide aside and lie against the said shoulder, and when the
loop former is again lifted up the thread will slide across to the side opposing the
shoulder and remain hanging on the beak (60).
11. In a net making machine according to Claim 1 a swinging frame for the
purpose of giving the warp threads a suitable tension.
12. In a net making machine according to Claim 1 thread guides at the back
ends of the needles (D), and guide pins placed on the said needles.
רד
L 1 1
1011
P T
1007
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.