IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES TO SPINDLES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF THE TERMINAL ORNAMENTS OF METALLIC FURNITURE AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Wentworth Buller, of Hanley, in the
County of Stafford, Earthenware Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES TO
SPINDLES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
THE TERMINAL ORNAMENTS OF METALLIC FURNITURE AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Sealed the 18th October 1870, and dated the 29th April 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Wentworth Buller
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th April 1870.
I, ERNEST WENTWORTH BULLER, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford,
Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND
HANDLES TO SPINDLES, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND
HANDLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE
OF THE TERMINAL ORNAMENTS OF METALLIC FURNITURE AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
to be as follows :—
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements. in
making and fixing in the necks. of door and other knobs and handles the

page_text: tubes into which the spindles pass. I will describe this part of my
Invention with reference to the knob of a mortice lock, although the
same may be applied to other knobs and handles.
According to my Invention I make the square tube by preference
thicker at one of its sides than at the others. I give this additional
thickness by preference by providing the tube with a longitudinal piece
of metal and doubling it upon the exterior of one of the sides of the tube.
I place the square tube in the neck of the knob so that the thick side of
the said tube is situated against the hole in the neck through which the
fixing screw is passed, and I make in the thick side of the tube a tapped
hole into which the fixing screw takes. I fix the metal tube in the knob
by making a V or other shaped depression or recess in the interior of
the neck of the knob opposite the hole in the neck through which the
fixing screw passes, and by means of a tool passed through the last-
mentioned hole the metal of one of the thin sides of the tubes is forced
outwards into the depression or recess in the neck. The said tube is
thereby firmly secured in the knob. When there is no hole in the side
of the neck the internal depression may be made by a tool inserted
at the end of the neck. This part of my Invention is specially applicable
to earthenware or non-metallic knobs, but is also applicable to knobs
made of thin metal. The method of fixing the tube by indentation may
also be applied to the connection of the fixed knob to the spindle, that is
to say, the tube fixed in the knob by an indentation may by a second
indentation be attached to the spindle.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the following combination or
arrangement of parts for attaching door and other knobs to spindles.
In the axis of the neck and part of the body of the adjustable knob
I make a square hole in which I fix a square tube. I fix the said
tube in the hole in the knob by means of a cup-shaped collar or
flange, the rim part of which is turned down upon the shoulder of the
neck of the knob, or the tube may be otherwise fixed. That part of the
square tube projecting beyond the neck of the knob is divided longi-
tudinally at its angles for the purpose herein-after described. After the
square tube has been fixed in the knob the rose which is to be used with
the knob is placed upon the divided end of the square tube, and by
bending the said divided end of the tube at right angles to the said tube
so as to form a series of wing-shaped pieces each at right angles to the
next the rose is secured to the knob but is capable of turning freely on

page_text: the end of the tube immediately in front of the foot of the knob. In
place of the said wings a washer attached to the end of the tube may be
employed. I next fix to the inner side of the rose a screw box, the said
screw box consisting of a strip or plate of metal passing nearly from side
to side of the rose, the middle of the strip or plate being tapped with a
screw suitable to receive the end of the square spindle of the fixed knob
with which the adjustable knob herein-before described is to make a pair,
the square spindle being screwed on its angles in the ordinary way. In
attaching the adjustable knob to the spindle the square spindle having
the fixed knob on one end is passed through the door, and the screw box
of the rose of the adjustable knob is engaged with the screwed end of
the protruding spindle. By rotating the said rose the screw box is
advanced on the screwed end of the spindle, and the knob is thereby
drawn on to the spindle, the said spindle entering the square tube in the
neck of the knob. The adjustable knob is thus attached to and prevented
from turning on the spindle. The rose having been turned until it bears
against the surface of the door the said rose is fixed to the door by a
screw or otherwise so as prevent its rotation. By this arrangement
there is little or no strain on the rose, the said rose serving only to
advance the knob on to the spindle.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of the following improvements in
making door and other knobs and handles, and in fixing the spindle in
the said knobs and handles. This part of my Invention relates to knobs
and handles which from their internal or external form can be more
conveniently made in two or more parts, and is especially applicable to
knobs made of earthenware, the parts of which may be joined by "slip "
before firing. It may also be applied to knobs made of non-metallic
substances, the parts of which may be joined by cement and to metallic
knobs and the parts of knobs either of metallic or non-metallic substances
may be joined by a ring of metal, the edges of which are turned over
the two parts to be joined. I will describe this part of my Invention as
applied to an earthenware knob.
I make the head and part of the neck in one piece and the other part
of the neck and foot in another piece. The head part has a large
cylindrical cavity in it into which a neck on the other part enters, partly
filling the said cavity. A hole through the neck opens into the said cavity,
the said hole in the neck having parallel grooves on opposite sides. The
head of a T-shaped spindle can be passed up the said grooves, and being

page_text: turned a quarter round cannot be withdrawn, or a metal tube may be
inserted in the hole in the neck, and fixed by being indented into an
internal cavity. In cases where the parts are put together after firing
they may be connected by the tubes being indented into each part or
indented into one and turned over the other. Thus the two parts of the
knob and the spindle can all be connected together in this manner. The
tube is first indented into the top half of the knob and the spindle is
next secured by indenting the projecting part of the tube. The bottom
half of the knob is finally slipped over the tube which is turned down or
rivetted upon it. In the internal cavities of the knobs thus made a nut
may be placed or a spindle with a head may be inserted before the parts
are joined.
"
L
the w ling and firing of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernest Wentworth Buller in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNEST
WENTWORTH BULLER, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Earthenware
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Ernest Wentworth Buller, Her special
licence that I, the said Ernest Wentworth Buller, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernest Wentworth
Buller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES TO SPINDLES, AND
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR AND OTHER KNOBS AND HANDLES, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF THE TERMINAL ORNAMENTS

page_text: OF METALLIC FURNITURE AND OTHER ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Ernest Wentworth Buller, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernest Wentworth Buller, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
My Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in
making and fixing in the necks of door and other knobs and handles
the tubes into which the spindles pass. I will describe this part of my
Invention with reference to the knob of a mortice lock, although the
same may be applied to other knobs and handles.
According to my Invention I make the square tube, by preference,
thicker at one of its sides than at the others. I give this additional
thickness, by preference, by providing the tube with a longitudinal
piece of metal and doubling it upon the exterior of one of the sides of
the tube. I place the square tube in the neck of the knob, so that the
thick side of the said tube is situated against the hole in the neck,
through which the fixing screw is passed, and I make in the thick
side of the tube a tapped hole, into which the fixing screw takes. I fix
the metal tube in the knob by making a V or other shaped depression
or recess in the interior of the neck of the knob opposite the hole in the
neck through which the fixing screw passes, and by means of a tool
passed through the last-mentioned hole the metal of one of the thin
sides of the tube is forced outwards into the depression or recess in the
neck. The said tube is thereby firmly secured in the knob. When
there is no hole in the side of the neck the internal depression may be
made by a tool inserted at the end of the neck. This part of my
Invention is specially applicable to earthenware or non-metallic nobs,
but is also applicable to knobs made of thin metal. The method of
fixing the tube by indentation may also be applied to the connection
of the fixed knob to the spindle.

page_text: This part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 1 to 9, both
inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 represents in plan, end elevation, and cross section the square
tube to be fixed in the neck of the knob to receive the spindle; Figure 2
represents in section the knob before the tube is fixed in its neck; and
Figure 3 represents the knob with the square tube fixed in the said
neck.
a is the square tube provided with a thick side b; the said thick
side being made by the doubling of the metal at the said side b, as
represented in the Drawing. In the said thick side ba tapped hole c is
made to receive the fixing screw of the spindle. In the neck of the
knob is a hole d, and in the interior of the neck and opposite the said
hole d is a depression or recess e. In order to fix the tube a in the
nock of the knob the said tube is so placed in the said knob that its
tapped hole c in the thick side is coincident with the hole d. By
then passing a tool through the said hole d the metal at fof one of the
thin sides of the tube a is forced outwards into the depression or recess e
and the tube a is thereby securely fastened in the knob, as shown in
Figure 3.
Figure 4 represents in section a pair of knobs fixed to their spindle h,
and to the door by means of the fixing screws g taking into the tapped
holes of the square tubes a and engaging with holes in the ends of the
spindle. The fixed knob may be attached to the spindle by indentation,
that is, the tube a fixed in the knob by an indentation, as shown in
Figure 3, may by a second indentation be attached to the spindle.
Or the arrangement represented in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 may be
employed for attaching the spindle to the fixed knob or handle; that is,
I connect a tube i to the metallic mount which is attached to the
neck of the knob or handle, but before the said mount is attached to
the neck of the knob or handle I pass the end of the spindle 7, having
semi-circular depressions in it, into the tube i, and by means of tools
the metal of the tube i is indented on opposite sides into the depressions
in the spindle, and the spindle thus fixed to the mount; the mount is
then secured to the neck of the knob or handle in the ordinary way.
Figure 5 represents in side elevation, Figure 6 in back elevation, and
Figure 7 in section the metallic mount of the knob separately. Figure S
represents the spindle fixed to the mount, and Figure 9 represents the
mount to which the spindle is attached secured to the neck of the knob
or handle.

page_text: My Invention consists, secondly, of the following combination or
arrangement of parts for attaching door and other knobs to spindles or
adjusting them thereon:-In the axis of the neck and part of the body
of the adjustable knob is a square hole in which a square tube is fixed. I
fix the said tube in the hole in the knob by means of a cup-shaped collar
or mount, the rim part of which is turned down upon the shoulder of
the neck of the knob. A part of the square tube is divided longitudinally
at its angles. The rose and mount which are to be used with the knob
are placed upon the square tube and the divided end is bent at right
angles to the said tube, so as to form a series of wing-shaped pieces,
each at right angles to the next, and the rose is secured to the mount of
the knob. In place of the wings described a washer may be attached
to the end of the tube. In attaching the adjustable knob to the spindle
the square spindle having the fixed knob on one end is passed through
the door and a screw nut or box is engaged with the screwed end of the
protruding spindle. By rotating the screw nut or box it advances to
the face of the door and the knob carrying the rose is slid upon the end
of the spindle and secured by attaching the rose to the door.
This part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 10 to 18, both
inclusive of the accompanying Drawings. Figure 10 represents in side
clevation, Figure 11 in section, and Figure 12 in front elevation, my
method of connecting the rose to the knob; Figures 13, 14, and 15
represent the parts separately. m is the cup-like collar or mount, (shown
separately in Figure 14,) which is connected to the neck of the knob
by its rim being turned down upon the said neck; n is the rose to be
connected to the knob; p is the square tube fixed in the axis of the
knob into which the spindle passes. The said square tube p serves to
connect the rose n to the mount m, and is constructed for convenience
of manufacture in two parts soldered together. That is, it consists of a
thin part p, having a divided end so as to form a series of wing-shaped
pieces p², and a head part p³. In securing together the rosen and
mount m, the said rose and mount are placed against the head part p³
of the square tube p in the relative positions represented, and the wing-
shaped pieces p² of the square tube pare bent upon the inside of the
mount m, as scen in Figure 11. The rose and mount are thereby secured
together by the head p³ on one side and the wings på p² on the other
side, the said rose and mount being capable, of turning freely on one
another. A washer attached to the end of the square tube p may be

page_text: used instead of the wing-shaped pieces p². After the rose and mount
have been secured together in the manner described, the flange of the
mount m is turned down upon the neck of the knob, as indicated in
dotted lines in Figure 11. When the rose n is fastened to the door by
screws the knob is capable of turning upon the said rose, but cannot be
separated therefrom. In attaching the adjustable knob connected to the
rose in the manner described, I prefer to adopt the arrangement of parts
represented in Figures 16, 17, and 18; Figure 16 representing in section
the fixed and moveable knobs fixed to a door; Figure 17 a section of the
adjustable knob taken on the line q, Figure 16; and Figure 18 the fixed
knob and spindle before the adjustable knob is secured to the spindle.
The rosen, in Figures 10, 11, and 12 is made from sheet metal, while
the rosen, Figures 10 and 17, is made by casting and has a different
shape, and is also provided with an internal annular flange n³, for the
purpose herein-after described. In attaching the adjustable knob to
the square spindle the said spindle with the fixed knob s on one end
is passed through the door, and a screw box or nut u is engaged with the
protruding end of the spindle and advanced to the face of the door, as
illustrated in Figure 18. The rotation of the adjusted screw box on the
spindle is then prevented by means of the cross pin or cotter v made to
bear against one of the sides of the spindle, as seen in Figure 17. The
adjustable knob » carrying the rosen is next placed upon the spindle
and moved thereon, until the rose abuts against the door. The rose nis
finally fixed to the door by screws. The adjustable knob r is thereby
secured to the spindle, the said knob being capable of turning upon the
rose n so as to rotate the spindle to actuate the latch mechanism. When
the rose n is fastened to the door its internal flange n² covers the screw
nut or box, and the fixing pin v of the said screw nut or box is thereby
prevented from rising.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of the following improvements in
making door and other knobs and handles, and in fixing the spindle in
the said knobs and handles. Parts of my improvements are applicable
to the making and fixing of the terminal ornaments of metallic furniture
and other articles.
This part of my Invention relates to knobs and handles, which from
their internal or external form can be more conveniently made in two
or more parts, and is especially applicable to knobs made of earthenware,
the parts of which may be joined by "slip" before firing. It may also

page_text: be applied to knobs made of non-metallic substances, the parts of which
may be joined by cement, and to metallic knobs, and the parts of knobs,
cither of metallic or non-metallic substances, may be joined by a ring of
metal, the edges of which are turned over the two parts to be joined. I
will describe this part of my Invention as applied to an earthenware knob.
I make the head and part of the neck in one piece, and the other part
of the neck and foot in another piecc. The head part has a large
cylindrical cavity in it, into which a neck on the other part enters, partly
filling the said cavity. A hole through the neck opens into the said
cavity, the said hole in the neck having parallel grooves on opposite
sides. The head of a T-shaped spindle can be passed up the said grooves
and being turned a quarter round cannot be withdrawn. Or a metal
tube may be inserted in the hole in the neck and fixed by being indented
into an internal cavity.
Figure 19 represents in section, and Figure 20 in back elevation an
earthenware knob made in two pieces and fixed together by " slip "
before firing; Figure 21 exhibits the manner in which the two parts are
fitted together. One piece marked a consists of the head and part of
the neck of the knob, and the other piece marked 6 consists of the foot,
and the other part of the neck. In the part a is a cavity c, and in the
other part is a hole d having parallel grooves d², d², on opposite sides.
The hole d and grooves d² open into the cavity c, as represented. The
spindle to be fixed to the knob has a T-shaped head, which is passed up
the hole and grooves d, d³, and made to enter the cavity c. By then
giving a quarter rotation to the spindle it cannot be withdrawn from the
knob. Or an ordinary spindle may be used. In this case a metal tube
to receive the spindle is inserted into a hole in the neck of the knob and
fixed by indentation, as described with respect to Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 22 represents in section and Figure 23 in elevation a terminal
ornament of earthenware made in two parts, and joined together after
firing by a ring of metal c, the edges of which are turned over the two
parts, as represented in the section Figure 22.
Figure 24 represents a section, and Figure 25 a plan of part of the
same, an earthenware handle made in two pieces, which are joined
together by the ring of metal f. A square cavity at g is made in the
faces of each part of the handle, into which cavities the square head
of the spindle i may be inserted before the parts are joined together.
When the parts are joined by the metallic ring the spindle i is fixed

page_text: thereto, and the two parts of the handle cannot turn upon one another.
A square nut screwed internally may be placed in the cavities at g of
the parts of the handle, into which nut the spindle may be screwed.
The method of fixing the spindle described with respect to Figures 24
and 25 may be applied to knobs and handles of various shapes.
Instead of connecting the parts together after firing by a metallic ring,
cement may be used, or they may be connected by tubes being indented
into each part, or indented into one and turned over the other. Thus
the two parts of the knob and the spindle can all be connected together
in this way. The tube is first indented into the top half of the knob,
and the spindle is next secured by indenting the projecting part of the
tube. The bottom half of the knob is finally slipped over the tube,
which is turned down or rivetted upon it.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illus-
trated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The improvements in making and fixing in the necks of door
and other knobs and handles the square metallic tubes into which the
spindles pass, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, making the square
metallic tube with a thick side for the tapped hole into which the fixing
screw of the spindle takes, and securing the said tube in the neck of
the knob or handle by indenting the metal of the said tube into an
internal depression or recess in the said neck, substantially as described
and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvement herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying Drawings in securing
spindles to knobs and handles by indentation.
Thirdly. The improvements in attaching door and other knobs and
handles to spindles hercin-before described and illustrated in Figures 10
to 18, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, the
combination or arrangement of parts described and illustrated for con-
necting the rose to the knob, so that the latter may turn upon the fixed
rose, and also the arrangement for preventing the rotation of the adjusted
screw box or nut on the spindle.

page_text: Fourthly. The improvements herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 19 to 25, both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings in
making door and other knobs and handles, and the terminal ornaments
of metallic furniture and other articles, that is to say, making carthen-
ware or non-metallic knobs, handles, and ornaments in two or more
parts, and joining the parts together either by "slip" before firing or
after firing by cement, or by a metallic ring or rings, or by the inden-
tation of a metallic tube inserted in the said parts. Also the application
of the said method of joining by a metallic ring or rings to metallic
knobs, handles, and ornaments made in two or more parts.
Fifthly. The methods described with respect to Figures 19, 20, 24,
and 25 of the accompanying Drawings of fixing the spindle to the knob,
handle, or ornament.
Sixthly. Connecting spindles to earthenware knobs, handles, or orna-
ments made in two or more parts by indenting the same piece of
tubing by which the parts of the knob, handle, or ornament are secured
together, as herein-before described.
In witness whercof, I, the said Ernest Wentworth Buller, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
ERNEST WENTWORTH BULLER. (L.S.).
Witness,
SAMUEL SPAIN,
Hanley,
Staffordshire.