IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, of 54,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION
IN STEAM BOILERS."-A communication from abroad by Robert
Breckenridge Baker. and. Charles James Adolphus: Dick, both of
Paris, in the Empire of France..
Scaled. the 1st December 1868, and dated the 2nd June 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tlie said Edward Primerose
Howard Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of. Patents,,
with his Petition, on the 2nd June 1868..
E, EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN,. of 54, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING.
INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS," being a communication to me from.
abroad by Robert Breckenridge Baker and Charles James Adolphus..
Dick, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements upon. an Invention of
"An Improved Mode of and Apparatus for Preventing Incrustation in

page_text: Steam Boilers," for which Letters Patent bearing date the 15th day of
September 1864, No. 2252, were granted to Alfred Vincent Newton as a
communication from George Tracy Parry, of Philadelphia, in the State
of Pennsylvania, and United States of America, and which Invention, as
described in the Specification filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, in
pursuance of a condition in the said Letters Patent contained, consisted
in placing (in manner therein mentioned) metallic points within the
steam space of the boiler, and in electrical communication with the shell
thereof. By the use of such apparatus scale or incrustations which have
been already formed or deposited may be removed from the internal
surfaces of steam boilers, and the formation or deposition of new
incrustations prevented.
It has been found in practice that some disadvantage attaches to the
use of points formed of oxidizable metals, inasmuch as they become
corroded and require to be replaced, thus occasioning inconvenience.
This evil has been hitherto avoided by employing a non-oxidizable
metal, such as platina, which, however, is very costly, and therefore
objectionable.
The present Invention consists in the substitution either in whole or
in part of carbonaceous material in place of the metallic apparatus
previously employed as hercin-before mentioned. The carbonaceous
material should be such as is used in the construction of electrical batteries,
as, for example, carbon from the interior of gas retorts, or other car-
bonaceous matter possessing similar or analogous electrical properties.
The carbonaceous material being placed in the same manner as the
metallic points in the steam space of the boiler, and so as to be in like
electrical communication with the shell thereof.
The result of the employment of carbonaceous material instead of
metallic points, as herein-before mentioned, is, that the same advantages
with respect to the removal of scale or incrustations already formed in
steam boilers and the prevention of new incrustations therein are
obtained, whilst from the non-liability of the carbon to corrosion the
operation of the apparatus is more certain and lasting. The carbon,
moreover, is better for the purpose than metal, being more easily and
less expensively obtained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 2nd December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, of 54, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of Junc, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-first
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, Her
special licénce that I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS," being a communication to
me from abroad by Robert Breckenridge Baker and Charles James
Adolphus Dick, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of certain improvements upon an Invention of
"An Improved Mode of and Apparatus for Preventing Incrustation in

page_text: Steam Boilers," for which Letters Patent, bearing date the 15th day of
September 1864, No. 2252, were granted to Alfred Vincent Newton as a
communication from George Tracey Parry, of Philadelphia, in the State
of Pennsylvania, and United States of America, and which Invention, as
described in the Specification filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, in
*pursuance of a condition in the said Letters Patent contained, consisted
in placing, in manner therein mentioned, metallic points within the
steam space of the boiler, and in electrical communication with the shell
thereof. By the use of such apparatus scale or incrustations which have
-been already formed or deposited may be removed from the internal
surfaces of steam boilers, and the formation or deposition of new
incrustations prevented.
It has been found in practice that some disadvantage attaches to the
use of points formed of oxidizable metals, inasmuch as they become
corroded and require to be replaced, thus occasioning inconvenience.
This evil has been hitherto avoided by employing a non-oxidizable
metal, such as platina, which, however, is very costly, and therefore
⚫objectionable.
The present Invention consists in the substitution either in whole or
in part of carbonaceous material, in place of the metallic apparatus
previously employed, as herein-before mentioned. The carbonaceous
material should be such as is used in the construction of electrical
'batteries, as, for example, carbon from the interior of gas retorts or other
carbonaceous matter possessing similar or analogous electrical properties.
The carbonaceous material is placed in the same manner as the metallic
points in the steam space of the boiler, and so as to be in like electrical
communication with the shell thereof.
The result of the employment of carbonaceous material instead of
metallic points, as herein-before mentioned, is, that the same advan-
+tages with respect to the removal of scale or incrustations already formed
in steam boilers, and the prevention of new incrustations therein are
obtained, whilst from the non-liability of the carbon to corrosion the
operation of the apparatus is more certain and lasting. The carbon,
moreover, is better for the purpose than metal, being more readily and
less expensively obtained.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which it is to be performed, I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original and therefore

page_text: claim as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the employment of carbonaceous
material as and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.
E. P. H. VAUGHAN. (L.S.)
E. P. H. VAUGHAN. (L.S.)