IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY AND OF MAGNETISM
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isac Louis Pulvermacher, of 194, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Electrician, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY AND
OF MAGNETISM."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1880.
AND
ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of 194, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY AND OF MAGNETISM."
My improvements relate,―
FOR THE
PRODUCTION
1st. To my chain batteries, comprising a greater or less number of elements
connected together by articulation and voltaically, the said chain batteries being
capable of acting when in a straightened out or open position or when rolled up
together.
2nd. To portable batteries capable of being put in contact with the body to
localise a current.
3rd. To voltaic bands intended to be worn upon the body in contact with the
skin, the said bands being so constructed as to be electric and magnetic or magnetic
only.
In carrying out the first part of my Invention each element is composed of a
cylinder of copper or other suitable metal or material formed by means of a plato
rolled up with its edges opposite each other, but with a small space intervening
forming a longitudinal slot, the cylinder having been previously cut out in certain
parts to present holes or openings which are useful for the necess of the exciting
liquid to the element, as well as for the circulation of air, and stamped in other
parts to form ears or bridge pieces, which serve to establish the articulation of the
links which are to be connected together one upon the other, as well as their
voltaic connection.
The cylinders receive, at a certain height, rings of ebonite or other isolating
material

page_text: When this cylinder is placed in the cylinder proper the car or bridge picco
is visible on the exterior in such a manner that it can be placed between the
two ears of the cylinder proper of the neighbouring element to be fastened
to it by means of a pin which traverses the three ears, thus hinging them
together.
The external surface of the miniature cylinder is coated with an isolating varnish
which renders it a fixture, while at the same time preventing its metallic contact
with the cylinder proper.
Each element is provided in the interior with zinc, which is set in voltaic contact
with the neighbouring clenient.
The zinc is composed of a strip of zinc of suitable length, and of gutter form in
cross section, which is folded in two, the grooves or gutters lying one against the
other, and separated by a single or double band or strip of fibrous material which
is nipped or held there, and which projects diametrically in such manner that
the fibrous material prevents the zinc from touching the interior wall of the
cylinder proper of the element. When the upper ends of the zinc are within the
miniature ring (the zinc being then in place) I introduce between the two ends a
kind of wedge, slightly conical, which separates them and forces them against the
interior walls of the miniature cylinder.
This chain battery being thus established, its excitation takes place by steeping
in an exciting liqu'd the lower open part of the elements, taking care that the
liquid does not touch the isolating ring, as the upper part of the clements must
remain absolutely dry.
The metal cylinders could be replaced by carbon cylinders provided with a
Jongitudinal slit or opening.
In this case the ears or bridge pieces would belong to one or more rings set upon
the carbon cylinder.
According to another arrangement of chain battery, each element is composed
of a hollow cylinder of artificial carbon or other negative electro motive material
covered exteriorly with an isolating envelope or casing either by immersion in a
composition more or less liquid, or otherwise.
This hollow cylinder, the upper end of which remains uncoated, is forced into
the interior of a ring of ebonite or other isolating material previously provided
internally with a thin metal ferrule, within which is a strip, the ends of
which, folded or bent at a right angle, are each terminated by a concentric annular
ring.
A lower annular ring is intended to provide a passage to receive the coated
carbon cylinder, and the upper annular ring forms a passsge for a small tube
fixed by an isolating cement upon the interior end of the hollow carbon cylinder.
The two annular rings united to an element serve, 1st, for its articulation to n
neighbouring element; and, 2nd, the upper ring puts the zinc of one element in
voltaic contact with the carbon cylinder of a neighbouring element.
The zinc is formed of a cylindrical rod placed in the interior of a small tubo
with a milled head, which enters by friction or screws into the tube to maintain
the zinc in the centre. The lower end of the zinc serves to stopper or cork the
central hole of a ring of isolating material which occupies the lower part of the
cylinder to serve as a bottom or base for it.
This chain battery being thus established it suffices to uncork the holes by
drawing up the zinc rods, and to place the lower portion of the elements in an
exciting liquid, which will enter and occupy the space between the zinc and the
carbon.
This done the holes are again corked or stoppered by lowering the zinc and the
liquid thus imprisoned, care being taken that during the immersion of the elements

page_text: the liquid never rises to the lower annular ring, the upper part of the element
being kept absolutely dry.
According to a further modification of my chain batteries each element is
composed of a hollow cylinder of carbon or other electro motive material closed at
cach end by a kind of stopper or cork of zinc, the external circumference of which
is coated with an isolating envelope to prevent its conductible contact with the
carbon.
The cylinder receives at each end a ring of isolating material, previously
furnished on the interior with a thin metal ferrule which carries with it hooks of
an element, the extremities of which hooks penetrate into the central space of the
zine of the neighbouring element, which permits the articulation of the elements
one upon the other at both ends at the same time as their voltaic connection.
The excitation of this battery is effected by placing it in the liquid which enters
the carbon cylinders by openings made in their sides. Holes are provided for
tho escape of the air contained in the cylinders. When the chain battery is
charged it is suspended by its extremity in order that the liquid may not escape.
The second part of my Invention relates to a portable plate battery having, by
preference, a circular forin.
It is composed of two similar or duplicate pieces.
In carrying this portion of my Invention into effect plates of copper are placed
alternately with other plates of zine, a space intervening. All these plates are
furnished with perforations and tongue pieces, which are for the purpose of
traversing or passing through a washer or disc, made of vulcanized fibres or other
resisting isolating materials, and also to fix or fasten the plates by turning down
the said tongue pieces so as to act as a rivetting.
The edges of the plates are turned down so that each of them pinches or grasps &
piece of felt, or flannel, or other cloth.
When two of these appliances are thus formed they are placed against each other,
the copper of one being placed next to or against the zinc of the other; a thin
insulating disc is interposed between them so that the tongues or hooks on the one
do not touch the tongues or hooks on the other, but allow the flannel or other cloth
on the two to touch or come in contact. When this is done a rod is passed through
the centre, the head of the said rod being threaded, and pointed, and having prongs,
and the whole is joined or united together by means of a button or knob, which is
screwed on to the threaded rod.
This arrangement also answers the purpose of an attachment or fastening for the
battery to the inside of the garment worn next to the body, providing care has
been taken to pass the pointed rod through the garment before screwing on the
button.
"
Pairs of "tongues are joined voltaically by metal wires, and when the two
appliances forming the battery are joined together theso wires complete the voltaic
contact between all the elements, so that the electric current follows the elements
in a regular manner, and can leave by means of conducting wire fastened to one of
the copper plates, whilst one of the zinc plates is placed in communication with the
head of the central rod, which represents the other pole.
The excitation of this battery is effected by placing it on its edge in the exciting
liquid, the level of which does not exceed the height of the pieces of cloth, so that
the discs do not touch the liquid.
A modification of my improved portable plate battery consists in fastening the
triangular segments round two or more perforated circular layers of felt, cloth, or
other suitable material forming a pad by pinching the end tongues traversing the
tissue and the peripheral edges of the triangular segments on to the circular layers
of felt or other suitable inaterial.
The central prongs before being hammered or stamped down are embraced by a
ring which brings them all in metallic contact without affecting the pliability of
Hanes

page_text: The triangular segments may be all of copper or all of zinc, or may be alternately
of copper and zinc, or other positive and negativo material, according as to whether
they are used as electrodes or for producing gentle currents through their contact
with the body.
If it is intended to give the appliance magnetic properties circular, curved, or
straight magnets may be inserted between the layers of fibrous material.
With reference to the voltaic bands intended to be carried on the body in contact
with the skin I construct them with small appliances similar in their formation to
the fastening appliances described in my Provisional Specification, dated 30th March
last, the said fastening appliances being in this case formed of the electro-metals
zinc and copper, placed alternately on bands of cloth, or tissue, or other insulating
flexible material, or within the under garments of wearing apparel next the skin,
on which bands strips are placed in a pärällel¯manner, or otherwise, and-are-enclosed-
by the said fastening appliances.
The appliances I have just mentioned may be made of steel and magnetized, and
afterwards covered with a layer or coating of negative metal so as to act in union
with other similar appliances made of zinc to produce contact electricity and
magnetism simultaneously. But I may, if preferred, simply employ magnetized
steel appliances for the application of magnetism only.

page_text: by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho
1st October 1880.
ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of 194, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION
APPLICATION OF ELECTRICITY AND OF MAGNETISM."
My improvements relate,-
AND
Firstly. To my chain batteries, comprising a greater or less number of clements
connected together by articulation and voltaically, the said chain batteries being
capable of acting when in a straightened out or open position, or when rolled up
together.
Secondly. To portable batteries capable of being put in contact with the body to
localiso a current.
Thirdly. To voltaic bands intended to be worn upon the body in contact with
the skin, the said bands being so constructed as to be electric and magnetic, or
magnetic only.
I will also describe two small accessory appliances, one for the purpose of
ascertaining the degree of intensity of an electric current when applied, the other
for the purpose of modifying the intensity of the current as required, with the
reservation of uniting these two small appliances in a single one.
I have shown in Figure 1 an arrangeinent of chain battery, which is seen in plan
view in Figure 2. Four elements are seen exteriorly, and the fifth in longitudinal
section.
Each element is composed of a hollow cylinder m, of artificial carbon or other
negative electro motive material, covered exteriorly with an isolating envelope or
casing, either by immersion in the isolating composition, more or less liquid, or
otherwise. This hollow cylinder m, the upper end of which remains uncoated, is
forced into the interior of a ring n of ebonite or other isolating material, previously
provided internally with a thin metal ferrule, within which is a strip o, the ends
of which folded or bent at a right angle are each terminated by a concentric annular
ring. The lower annular ring p is intended to provide a passage to receive the
coated carbon cylinder m, and the upper annular ring 9 forms a passage for a small
tube fixed by an isolating cement upon the interior end of the hollow carbon
cylinder m
The two annular rings p and q united to an element serve,-
First. For its articulation to a neighbouring element; and
Secondly. The upper ring q puts the zinc of one element in voltaic contact with
the carbon cylinder of a neighbouring element.
The zinc is formed of a cylindrical rod a placed in the interior of a small tube r
with a milled head, which enters by friction or screws into the tube r to maintain
the zinc a in the centre. The lower end a¹ of the zinc s serves to stopper or cork
the central hole of a ring of isolating material, which occupies the lower part
of the cylinder m to serve as a bottom or base for it.
This chain battery being thus established it suffices to uncork the holes u by
drawing up the zinc rods, and to place the lower portion of the elements in an
exciting liquid, which will enter and occupy the space between the zinc and the
carbon. This done the holes u are again corked or stoppered by lowering the zinc,
and the liquid thus imprisoned, care being taken that during the immersion of the
elements the liquid never rises to the lower annular ring p, the upper part of the
element being kept absolutely dry.
In Figure 3 I have shown a modification of the chain battery hereinbefore
described, in which the constancy of the current of electricity is ensured by the

page_text: perfect regularity or exactness with which I mechanically and very economically
obtain the various parts of the clements which compose my chain batteries, of which
I will give a description by the aid of the Drawings.
Figure 3 of the Drawings shows a front or face view of several elements of a
chain battery inserted or placed in their respective reception links, and Figure 4 is
a plan view. The reception links are hinge jointed ono to the other. A number of
these reception links form an articulated voltaic element holder, and serve at the
same time for the voltaic connection of the elements, which should never touch each
other.
Each element is composed of a cylinder c of copper or other negative electro-
motive element; it is formed of a plate rolled edge to edge, provided with openings d
which allow the access of the exciting liquid into the element, also the access of air
for-depolarisation. This cylinder c has a rod or stem a of iron or other tinned_metal
passing through the whole of its length. The part of this stem or rod which occupies
the interior of the cylinder c is surrounded by a zinc wire wound in spirals 6, soldered
to the stem or rod a and amalgamated with it. The zinc wire previous to being
wound in spirals has been surrounded or wound with thread or thin cord, the twists
or spirals of which are widely separated, so that when the copper cylinder e covers
and envelopes the spirals b, the zinc and the copper are prevented from touching.
The stem or rod a projects a little through the bottom of the cylinder c, and has
screwed onto it a small cup m formed of insulating material for the purpose of
collecting the excess or drainings of the exciting liquid from the elements during
the action of the battery after these elements have been dipped in a suitable
exciting liquid so as to excite them in such manner that the evapouration of these
drainings is taken up by the elements as they become dry. I may obtain the
cup m by means of a small tube-end which just passes over a load which forms its
bottom, and which terminates the rod a.
The setting up or installation of the rod a and of the cylinder c, which together
constitute cach element, is very easily effected into the reception links, of which
I will give a description, and this is a very important point, especially so when
after using the battery a certain time the zinc requires replacing. Each element-
holding link is composed of a principal part e, seen in place in Figures 3, 4, and 5,
and in detail Figures 6, 7, and 8; it is obtained by cutting out a piece of copper e,
Figure 6, provided with projecting pieces f, f', of a cross piece g, and the teeth h, h'.
I then roll up this piece, as in Figure 7, so as to form a cylinder e, causing the cross
piece g to take the form of a ring.
In this form I lodge or insert in the interior of the cylinder e a small cylinder i
of wood or other insulating material provided with a copper tube j in its centre;
I then turn the teeth h, h, inwards on to the two ends of the cylinder i, thus
enclosing and fixing the latter in place.
When this is effected 1 introduce the cylinder e tightly into a ring or ferrule / of
hardened or vulcanized india rubber or other insulating material, and I fold over
at right angles the projecting pieces ƒ ƒ¹, cach terminated by an eylet & formed
for the purpose of allowing the passage of the ends of the tube j, which aro
afterwards flanged out of the next neighbouring link, first, for effecting thus the
articulation of the element holding links of the elements one with the other;
secondly, for effecting at the samo time the voltaic connection of the elements
between each other,
In Figure 3 the first two element holding links and their clernents are seen
exteriorly; the third is shown with the india rubber ring or ferrule scen in
section; the fourth element holding link is seen in section with the tube c of the
clement supposed to be withdrawn, that is to say, withdrawn from the ring g in
which it fitted tightly; finally, the fifth link is seen in section without the
cylinder c and rod or stem a, that is to say, this latter is withdrawn from the tube j
in which it tightly fitted.
It will be seen by the preceding that without taking the chain to pieces, which
chain is constituted by the element holding links or articulated voltaic clement

page_text: holders, the elements may be replaced with as much facility as a pen is replaced
in a penholder, simply by introducing the rod a into the tubo j, and the cylinder c
into the ring g. This simple operation is sufficient for obtaining a chain battery
ready to act, the excitation of which is effected by dipping the elements into some
suitable exciting liquid, care being taken that the element holding links forming
the articulated chain remain absolutely dry.
I may replace the elements above described by elements constructed similar to
the one shown in section, Figure 9, in enlarged view; it is composed of a rod a¹
of the same nature as that of a. This rod a¹ is surrounded for a part of its length
by a zinc wire wound in spirals b¹ touching each other, soldered and amalgamated
with the said rod. Outside this zinc wire, opposite to and in the spaces between
the spirals, I wind a thread or string x also in spirals, after which outside this
string or thread, and in the intervening spaces between the string or thread spirals,
I also wind in spirals a wire of negative metal, the spirals n of which metal wire
are insulated from the spirals formed by the zinc wire by the interposition of the
spirals formed by the thread or string. In this condition the rod a¹ carries the
zinc and the negative clectro-motivo metal, representing a complete clement, which
is placed in position by introducing the rod a¹ into the copper tubo j of an element-
holding link.
The negative electro-motive wire just spoken of may be a straight wire wound
in spirals ; but I reserve the right of substituting a very fine or thin silver wire
previously wound in a spiral spring or roll of very small diameter, similar to that
shown and described in the Specification of my previous Patent, No. 3469", which
spiral spring or roll is then wound spirally the same as though it were a straight
wire.
The excitation of these elements is effected as for the preceding, but I reserve to
myself to construct them as shown in Figure 10, that is to say, by placing the
littlo metal cup m near the top of the clement instead of at the bottom, the said
little cup m being isolated from the zinc of the element and having the rod a¹
passing through it, the top edge of the cup occupying the interior of tho ring g
instead of the spirals n of the negative wire, as in the previous case.
In this caso
the voltaic contact of the wire n with the ring g is effected by means of an inter-
mediate wire, or directly.
When the chain battery is mounted I pass one or two small tubes, represented by
the dotted line y, along and above the upper part of the cups m of the elements,
and against the rods a¹ in zigzag or alternate order. These small tubes are closed
at one end, and pierced with very small holes along their length and facing the
cups m, and they are terminated at their other end by a ball reservoir containing
the exciting liquid. It is only necessary to press this ball when the liquid passes
into the cups m, and oozes through the packing in the hole in their centre, onto and
around the rod a¹, so as to excite the elements in a regular manner. A modification
of the zinc portion of an element coupled with a negative cylinder is shown in
Figure 11. In this view the tinned iron rod a' carries a naked zinc spiral wound
round it. In the grooves formed by the close spirals a string or cord is wound
spirally, as in Figure 9, over which a slotted cylinder c of negative metal is passed
and mounted in the holder in a similar way to that shown in Figure 3.
With reference to the voltaic bands intended to be carried on the body in contact
with the skin I construct them with small appliances, shown in Figure 11, the
said fastening appliances being in this case formed of the electro-metals, zinc, and
copper placed alternately on bands of cloth or tissue, or other insulating flexible
material, or within the under garments of wearing apparel next the skin, on
which bands, pins, or rods are placed in a parallel manner or otherwise, and
aro enclosed by the said fastening appliances. These appliances are provided
with two hollow bolts in opposite positions so as to imprison the head & the point
of a pin. When the bolts are caused to approach each other, the pin having
previously traversed the fibrous material, the appliances I have just mentioned may
be made of steel and magnetized, and afterwards covered with a layer or coating

page_text: of negative metal so as to act in union with other similar appliances made of zinc
to produce contact electricity and magnetism simultaneously. But I may, if
preferred, simply employ magnetised steel appliances for the application of
magnetism only.
If a band is to act in contact with the body to produce gentle electricity merely I
use, instead of the tissue of fibrous texturo above mentioned, the material known
in the market as American vulcanized fibre in the form of strips, or strips of
celluloid material, and spin or wind on them zinc and copper wire of equal
thickness, care being taken that they do not touch each other. The elements in
this caso are formed in a similar manner to those on my bands described in previous
Patents.
If the bands are intended to act lastingly and also independently of the moisture
of the body I use bands made in the manner described in my previous Patents,
and cover cach-element with pieces of felt or flannel in the following manner :-
I have shown in Figure 12 three elements H,-H,H", of my voltaic bands com-
posed of elements formed of zinc and copper wires wound in flat spirals-onto-
parallel cords passing from one to the other. These elements H, H¹, H", I cover
on one or both sides with little pieces of flannel or felt I, 11, 1", which I pass
between the said elements H, H, H", and the cotton threads J, J', which cotton
threads pass under the last spirals or turns of each element, and over all the others.
I have also shown in Figures 13 and 14 an arrangement of my voltaic bands for
constituting portable batteries intended to be put, by means of conducting wires,
in conductive connection with electrodes in contact with the surface of the human
body.
These voltaic bands are constructed either as described in my previous Patonts,
or as shown in section in the annexed Drawing, Figure 1, of a variable number of
elements H formed of zinc and copper wires wound in flat spirals on to parallel
cords b, b', passing from one to the other.
As seen in these Figures each of the bands a, a, occupies the interior of a kind
of flat sheath c of supple india rubber, open at the top and terminated at its lower
part by a flat pocket & intended to receive the exciting liquid. The outer surface
or walls of the that sheath c and the pocket d is covered by thin plates of insulating
material or metal e, which have the same shape as the said walls, so that by
pressing on the lower part e' of the plates, which are articulated or hinge jointed
at fon small plates j, the liquid contained in the pocket d rises in the sheaths c,
moistening and instantly exciting the voltaic bands a, a, or other portable batteries,
which are put in conductive connection with each other by means of the small
metal tubes k, k, and which serve as supports to the lower ends of the bands, the
contact between them being effected by a wire passing through both tubes. The
upper ends of the bands a, a', are provided with conducting wires m, n, which
may be placed in connection with electrodes for applying the electricity.
Instead of placing voltaic bands in the sheaths c I may substitute voltaic chains
similar to those already described for the same purpose.
When I use similar apparatus or pocket battery as a handle to be attached to a
metallic electrode hair brush I connect one pole n with the two metallic plates b, b,
and the other pole m with a metallic plate underlying and in contact with all the
metallic bristles of the brush. In the same way I use such pocket batteries as a
handle for tooth brushes. In such case I connect the silver wire which binds the
group of hair bristles in the brush with one pole of this battery whilst the other
pole is in contact with the metallic plates or covering of the battery, which when
kept in the hand and the wet bristles in the mouth thus establishes a current.
Figure shows part of a brush with a projecting plug a as a fixture on it,
which corresponds with the inner surface of the india rubber casing c so as to be
able to act at the same time as a hermetic stopper, and to unite in a solid manner
the brush and the handle battery. The top part of the india rubber casing is
mounted on the outside with a metal frame for the purpose of rendering it firm
when the plug is inserted and fixed in the mouth of the india rubber casing. On

page_text: he sides of the metal frame is fixed a fork like plate g. The ends h of the forks
ixed on each side are united by the transverse blade i, which exercises automatically
pressure on the india rubber casing at the point by the elasticity of the tines
of the forks, and shuts up the inner space of the pocket from the upper part of tho
India rubber casing.
The tines of one pair of forks are bent at an angle in one direction while those
of the other are bent at an anglo in the opposite direction, and are of a length
which will pernit their displacement, when this is brought about, by the pressure
of the flat plates e, which releases the automatic spring pressure of the transverse
blade i, by which the india rubber is pinched together, whereby the liquid is shut
up or bottled up in the pocket.
The cross pink having on one side a head, and on the other side a ring supports
and carries the lower end of the battery, by which it comes in conductible contact,
say, with the negative pole of the battery insido the india rubber casing, while the
positive pole at the upper end of the battery is set in connection with the metallic
part of the brush. This pin is in its turn set in connection with the fork liko
blade g, serving in this case as the electrodes when the handle is grasped, and if
more conduction is wanted the side plates e arc when made of isolating material
coated with thin metal foil.
pis a clasp which keeps the two plates e apart for preventing the release of the
cross blade by accidental pressure. The action, use, or application of the appliance
is as follows:-
The clasp p is released allowing the pressure exercised on the two side plates to
act on the ends of the prongs which releases the cross blades, and allows at the
same time the exciting liquid to riso in the upper compartment for wetting the
battery.
The liquid is then allowed to withdraw entirely from the upper portion of the
appliance, and to collect again in the pocket .
The battery thus set in action supplies electricity of one pole to the handle, and
of the other pole to the metallic portion of the brush, whereby a circuit is formed
between the hand grasping the metallic part of the handle, and the part of the
body where the brush is applied.
Figure 16 shows a face view of a portable plate battery, having, by preference, a
circular form, and scen in section, Figure 17, following the line F, G. It is composed
of two similar or duplicate pieces;
Figure 16 showing one face view, while Figure 18 shows the opposite face view.
H are plates of copper placed alternately with other plates of zinc 1, a space
intervening. All these plates H and I are furnished with perforations a, and
tongue pieces b, c, for the purpose of traversing or passing through a washer or
disc d, made of vulcanized fibres or other resisting isolating materials, and also to
fix or fasten the plates H and I by turning down the said tongue pieces so as to
act as a rivetting.
The edges Hand I' of the plates H and I are turned down, so that each of
them pinches or grasps a picco of felt or flannel e, or other cloth.
When two of these appliances aro thus formed they are placed against each
other, the copper of one being placed opposite to or against the zinc of the other; a
thin insulating disc f is interposed between them, so that the tongues or hooks b, c,
on the one do not touch the tongues or hooks on the other, but allow the flannel or
other cloth e on the two to touch or come in contact. When this is done a rod g
is passed through the centre, the head of the said rod being threaded and pointed
and having prongs, and the whole is joined or united together by means of a
button or knob, which is screwed onto the threaded rod g.
This arrangement also answers the purpose of an attachment or fastening for the
battery to the inside of the garment worn next to the body, providing care has been
taken to pass tho pointed rod through the garment before screwing on the button k.
Pairs of "tongues "caro joined voltaically by metal wires i, and when the two
appliances forming the battery are joined together, these wires i complete the

page_text: voltaic contact between all the elements H, I, so that the electric current follows
the clements in a regular manner, and can leave by means of conducting wire
fastened to one of the copper plates, whilst one of the zinc plates is placed in
communication with the head of the central rod k, which represents the other pole.
The excitation of this battery is effected by placing it on its edge in the exciting
liquid, the level of which does not exceed the height of the pieces of clotli e, so that
the discs d, f, do not touch the liquid.
A modification of my improved portable plate battery, shown in Figures 19, 20,
& 21, consists in fastening the triangular segments H¹, I', round two or more
circular superposed layers of felt, cloth, or other suitable material forming an
electrode pad by pinching the end tongues traversing the tissue and the peripheral
edges of the triangular segments on to the circular layers of felt or other suitable
_material.
The central prongs-before-being_haminered or stamped down are embraced by a
ring H, which brings them all in metallic contact without-affecting the pliability
of the appliance. The triangular segments may be all of copper, or all of zinc, or
may be alternately of copper or zinc, or other positive and negative material,
according as to whether they are used as electrodes, or for producing gentle currents
through their contact with the body.
If it is intended to give the appliance magnetic properties circular, curved, or
straight magnets may be inserted between the layers of fibrous material.
Figure 22 is an outside view of an accessory appliance referred to at the com-
mencement of this Specification, and designed for the purpose of ascertaining the
degree of intensity of an electric current; and Figure 23 is a plan of same.
It is
composed of a glass tube L, the lower part of which is held or grasped in a collar P,
which is prolonged at P' so as to serve as stand or support for the tube L by passing
through a loop Q of a copper plate Q', serving as a base and as electrode for the
appliance, and which may be withdrawn when the appliance is not in use, when
the whole may be placed in a box occupying very little space. The other end of
the collar P is terminated by a right angled hook R, which may be put in connection
with one of the poles of a battery.
Another similar hook S for the reception of the other pole of the battery forms
part of the collar S' (with which it is to form by itself a circuit with the battery),
fitting tightly on to the tube L. The lower part L' of the glass tube L is intended
to contain a colored liquid T of some kind (say, water, acidulated or not), in which
are immersed the ends of two platinum wire electrodes U, V, these being in
contact one with the collar P, the other with the collar S, by the connecting
conducting wires. X is a small glass tube, hook shaped at its lower end, the
upper end of which is soldered to the inside and top of the tube L, communicating
with the narrow tube above it.
The electric current, following the platinum wires U, V, passes through the
liquid T. The gases produced by the decomposition of the water having no escape
accumulato above the liquid, and cause it to rise in the tube X, and then in the
narrow tube L, which has a divided scalo of, say, 1 to 50 cm., by which the
intensity of the current produced by the battery is registered by the amount of
water decomposed.
The operation may be also effected in the case of an electric current passing
through the body of a person. In this case one of the poles of the battery is placed
in contact with the body, and the other pole is attached to the hook S. The plate
or dish Q' is then applied to the body to close the circuit, this plate or dish acting
as an electrode.
When the operation is terminated the liquid T is made to descend by turning
round a ring Y lined with soft material, so as to bring the hole Y' of this ring in
front of the hole or aperture Z pierced in the lower part L' of the tube L, so as to
allow the gas to escape, and enable also the filling with the colored liquid.
Figure 24 shows the other accessory appliance designed to modify the intensity
.of the current according to requirements, and for the purpose of its being well

page_text: understood I have shown it on the Drawing on an enlarged scale. It is composed
of a cylindrical hollow vessel 1 of insulating material, provided with a bottom 2
and a cover or cap 3 mounted in a water tight manner on the threaded tube 1.
The outside surface of this cylinder is screw. threaded 4, and into the screw thread
I lay or wind spirally from one end to the other a very thin wire 5 of Gerinan
silver, or of an alloy of silver and platinum, one end of which is attached to tho
point G on the cylinder 1, and the other end is placed in conductive connection
with a metal wire 7 from one pole of a battery.
The outer edge of the screw thread + formed on the cylinder receives a thick
metal wire S wound spirally from one end to the other of the cylinder, one end 9
of which is freo, whilst the other end 10 is placed in conductive connection with a
wiro 11 from the other pole of the battery.
It will be seen that the wire 5 and the wire S are wound spirally, following the
screw thread 4 on the cylinder without being able to touch each other. The wire 8
rests on the outside edge of the screw thread, and the wire 5 reposes in the bottom
or groove of the screw thread.
The wire 8 passes through a ring 12, which may be taken hold of and slipped
along from one end to the other of the wire spirals 8. This ring 12, which is
shown separately in Figure 25, is furnished with a kind of small metal brush 13,
which is in contact with the resistance wire 5. It will then be understood that by
sliding tho ring 12 so as to place it at a certain part of the wire 8 that a certain
length of the resistance wire 5 is inserted into the circuit so as to modify the
intensity of the current at will and as required, which intensity can be read on an
engraved scale with which the thick wire is provided.
This little appliance may form part of that in Figure 22, providing the lower
part of the tube L is screw threaded to receive the wires 5 and 8 just
inentioned.
In order to obtain greater resistance than the thin wire in the grooves can afford
the hollow cylinder contains a screwed rod 14, which screws in the threaded nut 15
fixed in the centre of the cap 3. On the outer extremity of the central rod is a
knob by which the rod may be turned, the said rod having on its inner extremity
a disc 16 of the inner diameter of the tube.
The disc is provided with holes which allow a resisting giving liquid, for
instance, a mixture of glycerine with water, to traverse them when it is moved up
and down in the cylinder by incans of its screw thread, thus making the disc at a
greater or less distance from the metallic bottom 2 of the cylinder.
When the disc is caused to approach the bottom 2 by turning the screwed rod
the minimum of resistance is attained by the layer of liquid between the disc and
the bottom, while if on the contrary the disc is caused to approach cap 3 the
maximum of resistance will be produced.
According to the use to which the appliance is to be put the fine wire is or is not
in connection with the metallic bottom 2.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, 1 declare that I claim,—
The improvements in apparatus for the production and application of electricity
and of magnetism, hereinbefore described and substantially as shown in the annexed
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, havo hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of October, One thousand eight hundred
I. L. PULVERMACHER. (LS.)