AN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GENERating, OBTAINING, AND APPLYING MOTIVE DA" IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GENERATING, OBTAINING, AND APPLYING MOTIVE Power
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, of Paris, Boulevard
de Strasbourg, No. 23. Medical Doctor, for the Invention of "AN
LETTERS PATENT to Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, of Paris, Boulevard
de Strasbourg, No. 23. Medical Doctor, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GENERating, OBTAINING, AND APPLYING MOTIVE
DA"
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GENERATING, OBTAINING, AND APPLYING MOTIVE
Power."
ور
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abel Hureau de
Villeneuve at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th February 1870.
I, ABEL HUREAU DE VILLENEUVE, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
No. 23, Medical Doctor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GENERATING, OBTAINING, AND
APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:―
-
My Invention consists of means and apparatus for utilizing, 1, the
gases arising from the combustion in a closed vessel and under high
pressure of all liquid hydrocarbons, whether capable of vaporization or
not, which combustion takes place in the presence of compressed air of
a high temperature; and 2, the vapours arising from the injection of

page_text: volatile liquids, which while greatly increasing the volume of gas
increase the temperature of the mixture to from 200 to 400 degrees.
"When the liquids are vaporisable at a lower temperature than 300° they
are contained in a jacket around the cylinder of the engine, where while
they prevent the overheating of the metal and lubricating oils they
utilize the heat subtracted from the hotter gases by being themselves
vaporized under pressure. When the liquids do not vaporize at a lower
temperature than 300°, such as the heavy oils of petroleum, they are
always contained in the jacket of the cylinder to absorb a certain part of
the heat of the gases, but they are injected in a liquid state into a
heating chamber by a small pump: The various liquid jets injected into
this heating chamber through a perforated nozzle are burned by the
compressed air coming in contact with a red-hot platinum sponge. The
jacket around the cylinder encloses also the steam chest and exhaust
pipe, and has at the upper part thereof.a reservoir for vapour, and at one
side is a tube for ascertaining the level of the liquid, which serves at the
same time for a supply pipe. Below the level of the liquid is a copper
ball containing a small quantity of liquid capable of being vaporized,
the which ball is heated by a spirit lamp, the vapour passing through a
pipe into the heating chamber: This said heating'chamber is lined with
fire-clay, and has at one end a rose, through which the combustible
vapours are led, and a second rose for the admission of compressed air,
both of which are forced in by a suitable arrangement of pumps.. A.
metallic sponge heated to a red heat by a central tuyère causes and
maintains combustion; at the opposite end of the chamber is a perforated
nozzle for the admission of the injected water. The mixture of gas and
and
steam escapes from the dome at a temperature of from 200° to 400°,
is delivered to the valve chest of the engine.
Another form of heating chamber consists of a vertical chamber of
sheet metal having on its top cover safety valves and "guages: The
combustible liquids enter at the lower part opposite to the point where
the compressed air enters, a red-hot-metallic sponge surrounded by a
gauze covering causing combustion. Above the point of combustion is
a perforated cone, the perforations. running in a spiral line around it, a
blade of metal following the same spiral line between the holes, so that,
the surface of contact of the injection water with the materials is
greatly increased. The injection water can be. heated to 100° before
admission, either by the gases from the cylinder or other means, and the

page_text: compressed air from the air pump is superheated in a jacket around the
heating chamber; or instead of compressed air oxygen produced by
decomposition of salts of manganese, chlorates, or otherwise may be used;
and in order to get better results the vapour may be used expansively.
The object of the Invention is to diminish the weight of the fuel used,
and the weight of the machinery per horse power, which are most
important considerations for vessels at sea.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Abel Hureau de Villeneuve in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ABEL
HUREAU DE VILLENEUVE, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23,
Medical Doctor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the 15th day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, Her
special licence that I, the said Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Abel Hureau
de Villeneuve, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR GENERATING, OBTAINING, AND
APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in utilizing, firstly, gases generated by the
combustion of hydrocarbon oils in a closed vessel and under high
pressure; and, secondly, in utilizing the vapours resulting from the
injection of volatile or non-volatile liquids, greatly increasing at the
same time the gaseous volume, so that the temperature may be raised
to between 200 and 400 degrees. When the liquids can be vaporized at
a lower temperature than 300 degrees. they are placed in a casing around
the-cylinder,-and-there-while-they prevent the overheating of the metāl
and lubricating oils they utilize the heat that they extract from the hot
gases in the cylinder to be vaporized under pressure. These vapours are
introduced by a platinum rose into a heating chamber, where they mix
intimately, and thence together with hot air at the same pressure they
pass out through a second platinum rose, and combustion is caused by
their passing over a red-hot platinum sponge used to produce or increase
the combustion. When the liquids cannot be vaporized at a lower
temperature than 300 degrees (such as the heavy oils of petrolcum) they
are always admitted to the casing around the cylinder, to absorb there a
certain part of the heat of the gas, but they are sent in a liquid state
.into the heating chamber by means of a small pump. The small streams.
of liquid which pass out of the rose are always burnt by the compressed
air in passing over the red-hot platinum sponge. In either case the
immense temperature thus developed requires reducing; I therefore
inject by means of a pump opposite the point where the combustion
takes place a volatile liquid, which while it reduces the temperature
increases the volume of the gaseous mass. In most cases the liquid
before entering by a pump or by a perforation in the heating chamber
may be raised to a temperature of about 100 degrees by the gas which is
emitted from the cylinder, and by the heat developed by the compression
of air in the air pump. The compressed air from the air pump is
reheated in a casing placed around the heating chamber. This heating
of the air will produce a quicker combustion, and therefor the com-
bustible material will be burnt with as little air as possible. In order to
diminish the work of the air pump instead of passing therethrough
compressed air I can pass oxygen produced by the decomposition of
salts of manganese, chlorates, or other means, and in order to utilize the
gas to a greater extent a valve is used.

page_text: This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a general plan of an
engine of 10 or 12 horse power driven by naptha, methylated, or other
spirit at a pressure of about ten atmospheres.
A represents the cylinder with its casing in section (partly shown in
transverse section Fig. 3). The said casing contains the liquid to be
vaporized, the cylinder, the valve, and the exhaust pipe f immersed in
the liquid. The casing has at its upper part a steam space, and at one
side a gauge tube N, which is also used for putting the apparatus in
motion. Below the water level on this tube is seen a copper ball con-
taining a small quantity of liquid to be vaporized. The cocks r. and 2¹
being closed the ball is heated by a lamp, and the vapour therefrom
enters the heating chamber by the tube t. E is the force pump for
inducting the combustible liquid with the casing; is the tube for the
passage of the combustible vapour; C is the air pump; D, the pump for
forcing the air into the heating chamber, and d conducts water to the
heating chamber. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the heating chamber,
which is lined inside with refractory clay e. Near the lower end are two
tubes furnished with platinum roses, one of which, in, introduces the
combustible vapours, and the other, b, this compressed air. The
platinum sponge p heated to a red heat by a central interior blow
pipe produces and keeps up the combustion. At the other end is the
rose or perforation through which the injection water passes. The
mixture of gas and steam escapes by the tube a from the dome at a
temperature of about from 200 to 400 degrees, and is delivered to the
valve of the cylinder.
Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal view of a vertical heating chamber.
Into this cylindrical generating store (constructed of copper) the com-
pressed air enters through the pipe B placed at the lower end. The
tube C is used for lighting purposes. The air and combustible matter
meet together over a platinum sponge P or a piece of lime placed upon a
cap a.
The air is heated upon the perforated slabs in the pipe A, and
combustion takes place continuously in the furnace D, whence the
products of combustion pass through the small holes E, E, to escape by
the tube F into the motive cylinder. Water is also admitted through
the pipe G, and passing through H flows along the spiral I fixed upon
the cone over the furnace, through which said cone are pierced the
holes E, E. The quantity of water admitted should be regulated so

page_text: that the whole of it is vaporized before reaching the bottom of the
cylinder, but if any excess of water enters it will gravitate through K
into a suitable reservoir for its reception. The steam produced from
this water is superheated by mixing with the products of combustion,
and passes with them into the cylinder to work the piston. It would be
possible with a slight modification to burn solid combustible matters in
this way, which would be introduced into the furnace by means of a
shoot.
It will be understood that the arrangement of apparatus above
described is only shewn as a specimen of the Invention, but the said
apparatus_may_be_modified_to_adapt_itself_to_circumstances, the object
of the Invention being to diminish the weight of the fuel employed (a
most important item in marine and aërial navigation) and to diminish
also the weight of the machine per horse power.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my Invention,
I claim the apparatus above described in connection with its generating
heating chamber, where, in the presence of compressed air, combustion
and vaporization of liquids and fluids used as auxiliaries to the motive.
power takes place.
And I also claim the combined use of gases generated by the com-
bustion of hydrocarbon and of air and steam, as herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Abel Hureau de Villeneuve, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July
1870.
Witness;
ALBERT CAHENZ,
ABEL HUREAU DE VILLENEUVE. (L.S.)
Civil Engineer,
32, Boulevard Magenta, à Paris.