CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUTTA PERCHA, AND ITS APPLICATIONS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES,
LANCOCK, of Grosvenor Place, in the County of Middlesex, Artist, sond
greeting
WHEREAS Hei, present most Excellent Queen Victoria by Hei Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and heland, hearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of May
in the minth year of Her reign, did give and giant unto me, the said
Charles Hancock, my exois. adiñors and assigns, Her especial heence, full
power. sule privilege and authority that I, the said Charles Hancock, my
exois; adiñois, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Charles Hancock,
my exois admots, or assigns should at any time agree with, and no others
from time to time and at all times the cafter dining the term of years therem
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Butam and Ireland called
England, Her Dominion of Wales and Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and
also in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man. and in
all Her Colones and Plantation s abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUTTA PERCHA, AND ITS APPLICATIONS ALONE AND
IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES in which said Letters Patent Is
contained a proviso requiring that I the said Charles Hancock, shall pai-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be perforined, by an instrument in writing under my

page_text: hand and seal, to be rolled in He said Majesty's High Count of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent is, 1eference being theicunto had, will more fully
and at large appear
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso. I, the said
Charles Hancock, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertamed in and by the present instrument in wilting (that is to say)
My said Invention consists, firstly, in certain improved methods of prepa: ing
gutta percha for manufacturing purposes Gutta per clia as it is impor red into
this counti v fiequently possesses great acidity.with a foetidor unpleasantsmell,
and is generally mixed with other impurities, from which it ought to be
cleansed before it can be beneficially applied in the production of many articles
of manufacture For the purpose of cleansing gutta percha, it is better that
it should first be reduced into small pieces by incans of saws, knives, or
any other means usually adopted for that purpose, and the cutting of
lumps of gutta per cha will be very much facilitated by first steeping thein
in hot water until they are softened The gutta percha having been cut
into small thin pieces (and the smaller and thinner the better). so as to
expose a large extent of surface to the action of the liquid into which it is
to be thrown, is then to be immersed in an alkaline solution, or in a solution
of chloride of some alkali on earth, in which the gutta percha must remain
until the acid and fetid impurities which it contains have been got rid of
or materially diminished, for which purpose it will generally require to be
kept in the liquor from about one to four hours, according to the degree
of impunity of the article at the time it is thrown into the liquor 1
prefer using common soda or potash for forming an alkaline solution, on
account of the cheapness of these articles, but if these alkalies are used in a
more caustic state they will act more quickly and with greater energy L
prefer also to use the chloride of lime to any of the other chlorides in con-
sequenceofthatai ticle being cheaper The solution is made of the strength that
I prefer by dissolving about one pound of alkali or chloride with ten gallons
of water If it is desired still further to diminish the acidity or smell of gutta
percha, it may in the fist place be subjected to the action of an alkaline solu-
tion and then to a solution of chloride of line Grutta percha thus prepared
may then be subjected to the cleansing process described in the Specification
of the Patent for England, granted to Richard Archibald Brooman on the
Eleventh day of March. One thousand eight hundred and forty-five, for "Cer-
tain Improvements in the Preparation and Application of Artificial Fuels,

page_text: Mastics, and Cements," or to any similar process, by means of which the
gutta percha may be freed from such of its impurities as can only be sepa-
ated fiom it by mechanical means
Secondly. my Invention consists of new modes of giving shape and con-
figuration to articles to be made of gutta percha and its compounds in the
manufacturing of such articles, and also of new modes of ornamenting such
articles of manufacture The compounds of gutta per cha most applicable for
this purpose are to be produced by mixing gutta percha with caoutchouc
and juntawan, or either of them, and thoroughly blending the several materials
into one homogeneous mass, in the manner described in my Specification of
my Invention compused in my Patent for England, granted to me on the
Twelfth day of January last for my Invention, therein entituled Certain
Improvements in the Manufacture of Gutta Percha, and its Applications, alone
and in Combination with other Substances," or by adding to the inixtures or
compoundsaforesaid bronze or other metallic powders.plaster of Paris, or ether
earthy powders, pigments, fibious materials cut up short, paper pulp or dust,
or any other suitable materials The relative proportions of the materials to
be combined are to be regulated according to the qualities which the compound
article is desued to possess Guttapei cha and its compounds when in a plastic
state may with great facility be moulded into almost any form or shape which
the manufacturer may wish it to assume, and this may be done by means of
moulds, patterns, shapes, dies, &c in manner here-after described Cutta
percha and its compounds when in a state of solution may also be applied to
inoulds, patterns, shapes, &c, so that when several layers thereof have been
dried upon such moulds and then removed therefiom, articles of manufacture
may be obtained of the required shape or configuration, as hei ein-after described
So also, in forming articles of several sheets or pieces of gutta percha or its
compounds, the sutures or joints thereof may be softened or inade plastic by
the application of heat, and joined permanently together by pressure whilst
in that state, or such sutures on joints may have gutta percha or gutta
percha compound in a state of solution applied thereto, as on by way of
cement, and the sutures or joints being kept close until the solution has
been died, the parts will be permanently united together Excellent inoulds,
forms, or shapes may be made of gutta percha or its compounds for the
purpose of being used or applied in giving form, shape, or figure to articles
to be made of gutta percha oi its compounds, or of such other sub-
stances as can be moulded at a low temperature Although several pieces
of gutta percha, or of its aforesaid compounds, have the property when in a
waim and soft or plastic state of uniting together and becoming one entue

page_text: homogeneous mass yet a piece of gutta percha, or of any of its said compounds,
when in a plastic state will not adhere to any other piece of gutta percha, or of
any of its said coinpounds, which is 11 a cold and iigid, and therefore not in a
plastic, state In order to make a mould, form, or shape of gutta percha. or
of any of its compounds, I take a pattern of the article in the production
of which the mould. form, or shape is intended to be used and apply gutta
percha or any of its compounds in a warm and soft or plastic state, and either
in sheets or in any other convenient form to the pattern, and manipulate or
press the gutta peircha oi its compounds into, upon, or against all the parts of
the pattern, so that the intended mould, form, or shape may be capable of
producing an article in all respects of the same form, shape, or configuration
as the pattern And when a mould, for m. or shape is intended to produce an
article having a surface covered with figures on projections, as, for instance, the
forms of types, wood cuts, printers' blocks, &c to be used in printing, I place
the pattern in a shallow box or frame, clamped together, of the size of the
pattern, and put a sufficient thickness of gutta percha or gutta percha com-
pound into or upon the pattern I then apply pressure by means of a sciew
press or other power, whereby I obtain a perfect impression of all the paits
If the intended mould, toim, or shape is to be made by means of gutta percha
or any of its compounds in a state of solution, the pattern must have several
coats of the solution spread equally all over, each coat being effectually dried
before a succeeding coat of solution is put on, and such a number of coats of
solution must be laid on as will produce a solid covering of the desned
tluckness Whether a mould, form, or shape of gutta percha or any of its
compounds is made so far by the one or other of the aforesaid modes, it must.
if necessary, be strengthened, and that may be done by having a thick coat
of gutta percha or of some of its compounds in a plastic state, or in a state of
thick solution spread all over it (which ought if necessary, to be repeated), so
as fimly to adhere thereto, and make the mould, form, or shape sufficiently
him and strong for the use to which it is to be applied And if the gutta
percha or any of its compounds is used in a plastic state, for the purpose of
strengthening a mould, forin, or shape, after it has become cold and rigid, a
small quantity of it in a state of solution may fist be applied to the outside of
the mould form, or shape, so as to make the plastic gutta péicha oi its
compound adheic thereto
A mould, form, or shape may, however, be strengthened by any other con-
venient means The mould, form, or shape having thus been made according
to the pattern, it is when cold and dry to be taken off the pattern (either
destroying the patter, or otherwise) and, if necessary, parted or cut into

page_text: several pieces, in the way which is cominouly used by persons using moulds for
casting If, however, it is necessary that a mould, form, or shape should be
in several pieces, it will generally befound better to make it in several pieces,
by covering only one part of the pattern atatime in mauner before described,
so as to make only so much of the requned mould, form, or shape at one time
as shall be intended to be in one piece, and then to allow such piece to become
cool and rigid before the next adjoining piece of the mould. form. or shape is
made, by which means the several pieces thereof will be prevented from
adhering to each other, and each piece of the mould, form, or shape having
been completed, by covering the pattern in this manner, the whole of the
pieces may with ease be detached from the pattern and from each other
A mould, lom, or shape made as above described will, if carefully made.
possess an accurate impression of the pattern from which it has been taken
and will be found a useful mould, form, or shape for the manufacturing of
articles to be made of gutta percha oi its compounds, or of other mateuals
capable of being moulded at a low temperature Moulds, forms, or shapes
for the manufacturing of articles of gutta percha or any of its compounds
may, however, also be made of any other fit material, such as metal, glass,
wood, or earthenware The great advantage of using gutta percha on any of
its compounds in the making of moulds forms, or shapes consists in the
cheapness and facility with which such moulds, forms, or shapes may be made
from intricate patterns.and the correct impressions which such inoulds, forms,
and shapes take from the patterns, and communicate to articles produced
therein But there is in some cases this disadvantage attending the use of
such moulds forms, or shapes in the manufacture of articles to be made of
gutta percha or any of its compounds, that such moulds, forms, or shapes
cannot be heated or kept in a hot state whilst they are being used, for in
such a state they would become plastic, and would loose then proper shape or
adhere to the material to bemanufactured It is therefore desirable, whenever
a mould, form, or shape, made of metal or any material that can be hicated or
kept hot whilst in use will not be too expensive, that the mould, form, or
shape should be formed of such a material in using moulds, forms, or shapes
made of such a material in the manufacture of articles to be made of gutta
percha or any of its compounds in a plastic state as herein after described, it
will be found in some cases that the process will be very much facilitated by
heating the mould, form, on shape to a temperature somewhat less than that
of boiling water, and keeping it as nearly as conveniently may be at that
temperature, and the plastic material ought also in every case to be kept
as nearly as may be of that temperature, until the process is completed,

page_text: after which the article in the mould, form, or shape must be put aside
to cool, so that the manufactured article may set or become cold and
rigid Moulds, forms, or shapes made of gutta percha or of any of its
compounds in manner heiem-before described, are not only applicable
in the manufacture of articles of gutta percha or any of its compounds
but also in the manufacture of porcelian, earthenware, papier nachè, and
other articles. In using moulds of gutta percha or any of its compounds
black lead or French chalk may be used as a facing, to secure a perfect
In order to make articles
delivery from the mould in the ordinary way
of gutta percha or any of its compounds by means of moulds, forms, or
shapes any of the modes I am now about to describe mas be adopted
Thus, if any article is to be made of gutta percha or any of its com-
pounds, and is intended to be made solid in a close mould, it may be made
as follows The mould, form, or shape ought to have au ingate, through
which the material is to be introduced, and also small outgates or air
holes for letting the an out of the mould, form, or shape, in the usual way
The mould, form or shape being mado sufficiently strong by a jacket oi
other sufficient means the gutta or other material of which the article is to
be formed being in a warm and soft or plastic state, and being placed in a
cvlinder, or any other convenient vessel connected with the ingate, is to be
forced out of such vessel through the gate into the mould, form, or shape
I have
by a screw acting against a plunger, or any other convement means
found that it is better that the pressure upon the material should not be
withdrawn until the contents of the mould, form, or shape have become cold
and firm or rigid,after which the article may be taken out of the mould form,
or shape, and finished by the removal of accidental excresences (if any) as
may be necessar Some articles intended to be made solid may be made in
moulds, dies forms, or shapes which open in two or more parts, by introducing
the requisite quantity of plastic gutta per cha or any of us compounds in one
or more picecs into the interior of or between the parts of the moulds dies
tons, or shapes and by then closing, stamping or pressing the various parts
of the moulds, dies, forms, or shapes together in such a manner as to impress
the material with the intended form or pattern It will generally be found
advisable to introduce a very small surplus of material into the mould, die,
form or shape, and by this means the perfection of the form or pattern to be
impressed upon the material will be inore effectually secured and the surplus
of the material will be pressed out at the joints of the mould, die. form, or
shape. In many cases in which pieces of gutta percha may be introduced on
placed into or upon moulds, dies, forms, or shapes of nearly the size and shape

page_text: which they are intended to assume, such pieces may be impressed with the
desired shape aud figures patterns, oi oi naments, by heating the moulds, des,
forms or shapes, into or upon which they are to be introduced or placed, and
after introducing such pieces in a cold state, pressing the same in the moulds
forms, or shapes, so as to produce the requued effect By adopting this process
the body of a piece of gutta percha will be kept cold or nearly so, and the
surface thereof only will be made soft by contact with the heated mould, dic,
form, or shape, so as to be capable of being pressed or stamped into every part
of the mould, die, form or shape into on upon which it has been placed. Many
of the compounds of gutta per cha may be treated in the manuel just described,
but the smaller the quantity if gutta percha in the compound, the less effective
will the operation be If a hollow cast is intended to be made or an article
made with a hollow or vacant space in the interior thereof (m an open mould),
such, for instance, as a bust, the interior of the mould. form or shape may be
covered with gutta percha or any of its compounds in a warm and soft or plastic
state, the material being carefully pressed by the hand or anyother convement
means into every part of the mould, form, or shape The perfection of thear ticle
to be made will be more effectually secured by forcing hot sand, hot water,
or hot an into the interior of the article and by adopting these on any similar
means the material may be forced into every part of the mould,shape, or form,
and made to assume the form shape, or figure which is intended Hollow
articles to be made of gutta percha or any of its compounds may also be made
as follows take a strong mould, form, or shape capable of being made an-
tight, and made of metal or any other fit material This mould must have an
ingate and an outgate, each provided with a stop-cock, the tube of the stop-
cock fitted to the gate must proceed a short distance within the mould.and
the mould ought to be furnished with strong clamps for clamping it together
The piece
of gutta percha or of any of its compounds which is intended to be
manufactured must be made into a shape as nearly resembling that of the
intended article as conveniently may be but considerably smaller, and having
a space in the unter 101 thereof or the interior thereof so constructed that the
same may, by an blown into the interior thereof, be pressed into every part of
the mould. form, or shape The piece of gutta percha or any of its compounds
is then to be connected with the tube of the stop-cock, fitted to the ingate, and
so that air coming through the ingate may be forced into the interior of the
piece of gutta percha or of any of its compounds, without communicating with
the space between such piece and the mould, form, or shape The stop-cock
of the outgate must be fitted so that it may be made to communicate with an
air pump, for exhausting the air out of the mould, form, or shape. A piece of

page_text: gutta percha or of any of its compounds in a soft and plastic state being
introduced into the mould in the way already described, and the mould having
been strongly clamped together and made an-tight(the stop-cock of the ingate
being closed), the stop-cock of the outgate is to be opened and made to com-
municate with an au pump, the air is then to be exhausted out of the mould,
form, or shape by the air pump.after which the stop-cock of the outgate must
be closed and that of the ingate opened The pressure of the an proceeding
through the ingate to the interior of the piece of gutta percha, or such other
material as aforesaid, will in some cases be sufficient to force the material into
every part of the mould, and complete the impression which it is intended to
receive, but i those cases where such a pressure shall be found to be
insufficient, the impression may be made complete by connecting the tube of
the gate with a force pump, and by such a pump (or any other convenient
means) forcing hot an on water into the interior of the piece of material to be
manufactured, which may thus be effectually impressed with the form or
pattern which the mould, form, or shape is capable of impressing upon it In
case an article is intended to be made in an open mould or shape, with a
surface having figmes in relief or intagho thereon, I take the mould or shape
and place in or upon it a sheet or piece of plastic gutta percha, or of any of its
compounds, of a size or shape as nearly resembling the shape of the intended
article as conveniently may be, I then press a piece of gutta percha or of
its compounds into, upon, or against the mould or shape by a screw press. or
any other convenient means of applying the pressure, so as to force the soft
material into every part of the mould or shape, after which the article must be
allowed to remain in the mould or shape and under pressure until cold and
ngid If it is intended to use a mould in two parts, as an inside and an
outside mould or shape, for the purpose of producing an article of manufacture,
1 place the gutta percha or gutta percha compound in the hollow o interio
of the outside mould or shape. of a size and figure as nearly resembling that of
the intended article as conveniently may be, and then I insert the inside
mould shape, or core within the other mould, and within.upou, or against the
material placed therein, and press the moulds together by a screw press, or any
other convenient means,so as to force theinaterial into every part of the mould
or shape, after which the article must be suffered to remain in the mould or
shape and under pressure until it becomes cool and stiff origid The side
mould or core may when desned, be made in several pieces,and gutta percha
or any of its compounds may be introduced between the several pieces of the
cole, so as to make divisions or partings in the interior of the article to he
DLoduced

page_text: In forming articles of gutta percha by joining sheets or pieces of gutta
percha together I have found that proces of gutta percha in a cold state
cannot be permanently united together in the same way as cold pieces of
caoutchouc are usually joined, but ifthe edges or parts of gutta percha which
are intended to be joined together are softened or made plastic by the appli-
cation of heat, then they may by pressure be effectually and permanently
united together The heat necessary for rendering the edges or parts of gutta
percha soft or plastic may be applied by means of a current of hot heated
all,
iron, or by any other means which may be found most convenient, care ought,
however, to be taken that the parts to be joined are not moistened with water
or greased. because such inoisture or any kind of grease will have the effect
of preventing the effectual adhesion of the paits By adopting this mode of
Joining the edges of sheets or pieces of gutta percha together in themanufuie
of articles such as are usually made of leather, it becomes unnecessary to sew
or stitch such parts together, the parts being more effectually joined by the mode
herein-before described Pieces of the compounds of gutta percha may also
be joined together in a similar manner, with more or less effect, according to
the greater or lesser quantity of gutta percha, of which the compound has
been formed I have also found that sheets or pieces of gutta percha oi any
of its compounds may be joined together when in a cold state by first covering
the parts to be joined together with a solvent or solution of the gutta percha
or any of its compounds as a cement, and then bunging the parts together
which are to be joined, and keeping them in that state until they are effectually
united, which will be generally effected after two or three hours, but much
more quickly if bisulphuret of carbon should happen to be the solvent used
This mode of joining pieces of gutta percha or any of its compounds is not so
effective as that before described, but may be useful in some cases in which
theother mode cannot with facility be adopted. Either one on the other mode
of uniting pieces of gutta percha or any of its compounds may be adopted for
Joining together pieces of any article which may have been separately formed
in moulds, forms, o1 -hapes, so as to complete the manufacture of the intended
article Articles may
also be made of gutta percha or any of its compounds,
and of some other fit and proper material, for the production of the intended
article. Thus, a metallic chain or other weight may be introduced into the
intenon of any piece or pieces of gutta percha or of any of its compounds, which
is about to be manufactured in any mould or shape, so, also, if a wooden or
other handle is intended to be introduced into any article, the gutta percha or
any of its compounds, of which the other part or parts of the article is or ate
intended to be used, may be moulded upon one end or some other part of the

page_text: intended handle, by means of a mould, form, or shape, or any other convenient
means, and when it is desirable that handles, knobs, screws, hinges, and other
furniture and things should be imbedded in any article made of gutta percha,
or any of its compounds, in any mould, form, or shape, such, for example,
as doors, framings, pannels, or other parts of the bodies of railway or
other carriages, and many other articles, such as handles, knobs, screws,
hinges, fumture, and things, should have the parts thereof which are
to be so imbedded as aforesaid introduced into the mould, form, or shape,
in such a manner that the same shall, during the manufacture of such
article, be effectually and firmly imbedded in the material of which it is
made
When a piece of wood or other material is intended to be introduced
into an article to be partly formed of gutta percha or any of its compounds
in a shape which would easily draw out of that part of the article which is
formed of the gutta percha, or any of its compounds, that part of the material
which is intended to be introduced into the gutta percha or its compounds
should be made with projections upon it, or holes in or through it, so that it
may be securely and firmly held by the gutta percha oi its compounds. Articles
'may also be made of gutta percha or any of its compounds, formed upon
skeleton or other shapes, forms, or foundations made of iron, wood, or any other
material, such as saddle trees, skeleton forms, axles or shafts of tollers, &c.
The skeleton form or shape of a saddle tiee inay be made of perforated iron on
other metal, and the plastic gutta percha or any of its compounds may be
moulded upon it into the shape of the intended saddle tree, care being taken
that the plastic material is pressed through the perforations of the skeleton
form or shape, so as to unite and bind together the material which is upon each
sule of the skeleton form or shape The same mode of manufacturing may be
adopted in the production of numerous other articles, and in making some of
them, a skeleton form or shape of iron or other metal, wie gauze, or cloth, oi
any perforated pieces of metal or other suitable substances, may be used Thus
alsoskeleton or other forms, shapes, or foundations for hats, bonnets, or linings
may be covered with gutta percha or any of its compounds in manner aforesaid,
and so made into a hat, bonnet, or lining Skeleton forms, shapes, or founda-
tions may also be covered or saturated with gutta percha or any of its
compounds, by saturating or coating such forms, shapes, or foundations with
the gutta percha oi compound of gutta percha in a state of solution, and when
diy repeating the process, if desired A roller may be made with a surface of
gutta percha or any of its compounds by taking a roller of iron, wood, or
other material, turned somewhat less in diameter than the intended roller,
according to the intended thickness of the gutta percha or its compounds

page_text: Upon this 1oller of iron, wood, or other material(leaving small orifices or holes
in the surface of it, into which parts of the soft material may be pressed to
keep the whole firmly in its place,) must be placed a slicet of plastic gutta
peicha or any of its compounds (according to quality which the materialofthe
sun face is required to possess), so as to surround and cover the rolleı equally
in every part, and the edges of the sheet must be pressed together whilst soft.
soas toadhere together, in manner herein-before described, and gutta percha
01 any of its compounds may be put upon the surface of a roller in a mould.
form, or shape. so as hete-before described
Thirdly, I employ for ordinary letter-press printing sheets made of gutta
percha alone, on together with any other material or materials, and prepared
in the manner described in the Specification of the Letters Patent for
England, granted to Richard Archibald Brooman, on the Eleventh day of
March, One thousand eight hundred and forty-five, piefering to have the
gutta percha of a light color, or made of a light color, by mixing with it
whilst passing through the kneading machine (in the manner also ex-
plained in the said Specification) some flake white, chalk, or other white or
light coloring ingredient, reduced to a fine powder Sheets of gutta per cha, or
of any of its compounds, thus prepared may be passed through the pinting
press in the usual way, but without inking the form of types, as usual By
the mere pressure of the dry surface of the type against the dry surface of a
sheet of gutta percha or its compound in the press. distinct and legible im-
pressions of the types will be produced on the sheet I also employ sheets
prepared as last aforesaid i punting, by means of engraved or otherwise
figured copper O1 steel plates or cylinders, and the presses usually made use
of for working the same, and by printing upon such sheets without inking
the cugraved or hollow parts of tle plates or cylinders. Plates or cylinders
being pressed upon or against sheets by presses in the ordinary way, distinct
impressions of the engravings or other figures upon such plates on cylinders
will be obtained I also impress on such sheets as last aforsaid all such
letters, figures, images, and marks as are now commonly produced on sur-
faces by means of engraved blocks, or iollets, or dies, or stamps, or punches,
or types, whether the same are engraved, or cast in relievo o intaglio,
o cut through and through, and this also by bringing such blocks, or
rollers, or dies, or stamps, or punches on types into dry contact, as afore-
said, with such sheets, and under more or less pressure employing for the
purpose of such pressure any of the well-known means of printing,
pressing, striking, stamping, or punching now in common use, and in
this case I vary the thickness of the sheet subjected to the operation of the

page_text: said blocks, rollers, dies, stamps, or punches or types, according to the degree
of high or low relief or intaglio intended to be produced Sheets of gutta
peicha punched or cut through and through, according to any pattern which
may be required, may be fastened on cemented upon other sheets, or upon
blocks of gutta percha, by means of heaton by solution manner herein-before
described, so as to form either sunk or raised figuies of the requued patterns
or designs upon thesheets or blocks upon which the perforated sheets may be
fastened or cemented. aud the different sheets or blocks may be made of
vallous colours, so as to make naised figures on patterns of different colors from
the blocks or sheets upon which they are to be fastened or cemented, and to
produce various other effects In order to produce impressions of a still more
distinctive and striking character than are to be obtained by any of the
preceding processes, I prepare the sheet or piece of gutta percha in such
manner that the raised oi sunken parts shall be of a different colour from the
est, oi, as it is technically called, "the ground" In this case I spread the
gutta percha by any of the modes described in the said Specification of the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, herein-before referred to, on a surface of
cloth, paper, or other suitable material, of a color as opposite as may be to that
of the gutta peicha, for example. the ground may be black and the gutta
percha white, or vice versa I then pass a sheet or piece of gutta perclia so
prepared and combined, with its gutta percha surface uppermost, through an
ordinary printing press, as aforesaid, or I subject it to the pressureof afgured
block, or rollet, or die, or stamp, or punch, or type, also as aforesaid, whereby
an impression is produced thereon, in which the figurated or distinctive parts
are of the cole of the ground. and the rest of the color of the gutta percha
I also make use of gutta percha, prepared and combined as last herein-before
described, and cut into sheets or pieces of any convenient size, as a material
for writing and drawing upon without the aid of either mk or of any other
coloring medium I employ for tlus purpose a diy style (or ivory, glass, vi
Some other material which will not leave by the mere effect of contacta visible
stam), and white or diaw therewith by hand on the sheet or piece of gutta
percha surface in the same way as on common paper with pon and ink, oi
lead pencil or clayon
Fourthly, I prepare a inaterial of gutta percha or gutta percha compound
with a polished glossy surface, like ja panned leather For this purpose, I first
give a sheet of gutta percha oi of gutta percha compound, a coat of thin solu-
tion of gutta percha or gutta percha compound or a coat of turpentine, for the
purpose of making the surface of the sheet more readily receive and retain
the varnish which is intended to be put upon it The sheet thus prepared I

page_text: varnish over either with Japan varnish, or varnish such as is used in making
Japanned leather, or with varnish such as descubel in my said Specification
herein-before referred to A sheet of gutta percha or gutta percha com-
pound in being thus prepared will generally require only one or two coats of
varnish
Fifthly, I inlay and veneer sheets of gutta per chaor gutta percha compound,
or make tesselated on figured surfaces thereon, and also unite sheets or pieces
of gutta percha, or any of its compounds with other substances in the following
manner Upon a flat surface I lay down pieces of gutta percha or of any of
its compounds, colored or not colored, as may be desired, and in the intended
form which are to be pressed into on united to a sheet of gutta percha or any
of its compounds, so as to make a veneerel surface of the whole of such
sheet, or to inlay a portion or portions of the surface of such sheet The
picces of gutta percha or of any of its compounds to be united or pressed into
the surface of a sheet may be made thin, like veneers, and must be placed in
the desired positions upon the flat surface upon which they are laid previously
to having the sheet pressed upon them The pieces being thus laid in ordeı
upon a flat surface, a sheet of gutta percha or of any of its compounds in a
warm and soft or plastic state is then to be placed on the pieces as they are
lying upon the flat surface, against which they must be pressed so as to make
the figured pieces, and the remainder of the sheet (if any) uot covered there-
with, all of an even and flat surface The surfaces which are intended to come
in contact with each other and to unite in this way will be more effectually
unted by previously giving one of them a thin coat of a similar material in
solution, or a coat of turpentine, or some other solvent Pieces of thin metal,
wood, and other materials of any desued form may also be united to or pressed
upon or into the surface of a sheet or piece of gutta percha, or of any of its
compounds, so as to make a veneered, tesselated, or inlaid surface, as before
described But such pieces of metal, wood, and other materials should have
the sui faces toughened which are to be brought into contact with the gutta
percha or gutta percha compound, and had better be first coated with a solu-
tion of gutta percha or some of its compounds on the surface which is to be
placed next the sheet or piece of gutta percha or gutta percha compound I
also cover pieces of wood, metal, papier machè, pasteboard, and other solid
substances with veneers, or thin sheets of gutta percha or any of its compounds
ma plain or figured state, and enhet colored or not colored and when colored
either of one or of a variety of colours, the adhesion of the sheets being
caused by means of a coat of solution applied in manner aforesaid
Sixthly I make paper and pasteboard in the following manner -I take

page_text: paper pulp or paper dust in a dry state, and intimately mix and amalgamate
with it a sufficient quantity of gutta percha, to reduce the mass to a plastic
and tenacious state, I then pass it between polished rollers, o press it
between plates into sheets of any required thickness The paper may be
colored by adding any suitable pigment in a state of fine powder during the
amalgamation of the materials I also saturate or coat paper with a solution
of gutta percha, by immersing it in a solution of that article, or by giving it a
coat or coats of such solution, after which it must be dried, and, if desued,
pressed on rolled in the ordinary wav Paper may also be prepared by dusting
it all over with fine dust of gutta percha and then passing it between waim
nollers to be pressed I prefer using paper to be prepared as above described
in the unsized state, but sized paper nav be used, if desued
I also incorpo-
rate the gutta percha with the paper pulp in the moist state, as in the ordinary
course of manufacture To effect this purpose, I mix the gutta percha with
the pulp in a very finely granulated state, by agitation with the paper pulp
whilst in the vat (which ought to be kept at about 150° Fahrenheit), or I
use a solution of gutta percha. The paper when diy may, if desired, be passed
between rollers, cold or slightly warm Pasteboard may be formed by cementing
sheets of gutta percha together, o1 ceinenting sheets of plain paper to sheets of
gutta percha paper
I
Seventhly, prepare a solution of gutta percha or a combination of gutta
peicha with caoutchouc and Jintawan, 01 either of them, by dissolving the
same in bisulphuret of carbon
This solution must be prepared in the same
manner as a solution of caoutchouc, the proportion of the solid material to the
solvent being varied, according to the purpose for which the solution is
requued, and as the solution may be required to be thicker or thinner These
solutions, especially that of gutta percha alone, will be found to be valuable
for many of the purposes to which solvents are herein-before directed to be
applied, and they will also be found to be particularly useful for cements, and
for coatings of various articles of manufacture, and for the inaking of water-
proof cloth
Eighthly, making of the several articles of manufacture before mentioned
or referred to, or intended to be referred to, Isometimes employ a combination
of stitching and cementing, as in the case of boxes, cases, poi manteaus,
saddlery, trunks, &c, and other articles formed of several parts or pieces, first
stitching together the pieces which are to be combined, and then doing the
Joinings over with a solution of gutta percha, or covering them with strips of
gutta percha, made to adhere by heat or by a solution of gutta percha
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, I declare that the following are the several
improvements which I claim as constituting the same
Firstly, the preparing of gutta percha for manufacturing purposes, as firstly
herein-before descubed
Secondly, the giving of shape and configuration to articles to be made of
gutta percha or any of its compounds, by casting, moulding, pressing, stamping,
and otherwise, as secondly herein-before described
Thirdly, the impressing of letters, characters and figures upon sheets, in
manner thirdly herein-before described
Fourthly, the vanishing or producing of a smooth surface on sheets of gutta
percha or any of its compounds, as fourthly herein-before described
Fifthly, the veneering and inlaying sheets of gutta percha or any of its
compounds and other substances, as fifthly herein-before described
Sixthly, the making of paper and pasteboard with gutta percha combined
with other materials, and also the covering of paper with gutta percha in
solution or powder, as sixthly herein-before described
Seventhly, the employment of bisulphuret of carbon solutions of gutta
percha and its compounds in combination with other substances in articles
of manufacture, as seventhly herein-before described
And,eighthly, the combination of stitching and cementing in the production
of various articles of manufacture, as lastly herein-before described
In witness whereof, 1, the said Charles Hancock, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this l'ourteenth day of November. One thousand eight