Improvements in Turbines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Turbines.
We, WILLIAM HENRY CLARKE, Engineer, of The Hermitage, Gateshead, in the
County of Durham, and FREDERICK JAMES WARBURTON, Engineer, of 15, Caller-
ton Place, in the City and County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
This invention relates to turbines and more especially those of the reversible
kind wherein the operating fluid is directed at different times in opposite directions
upon the same vanes; it is the object of the invention to provide in such a
turbine a
simple and efficient construction of vanes for the turbine wheel and
a means for controlling the passage of the operating fluid and reversal of the
turbine.
According to this invention which we will describe in reference to a compound
turbine the vanes are formed upon the side faces of the turbine wheels by turn-
ing or otherwise forming an annular groove therein of semicircular or other
curved form in cross section and divided into a number of cells by means of
radial partitions, these partitions may be inserted in radial saw-cuts or otherwise
conveniently fixed therein or thereto, or cells or vanes of similar symmetrical
shape may be formed upon or in the wheels by stamning, casting or like means.
Turbine wheels constructed as above are enclosed in a cylindrical casing and
arranged upon the shaft alternately with a series of partitions within or upon
each of which a movable diaphragm or slide is mounted and adapted to be moved
in an annular or other direction and provided with sets of holes or ports adapted
to coincide or register at one time with one of a double set of oppositely inclined
tangentially arranged apertures in the partitions.
These tangentially arranged apertures may be arranged to deliver the operating
fluid upon the vanes at the same distance from the shaft, or to avoid merging
of the apertures when arranged in close proximity they may deliver at different
distances, the reversing apertures or those less in use delivering at the lesser
point of efficiency.
The diaphragm or port carrying slide may be disposed on the entering or out-
let side of the partition. In one of the latter construction the diaphragm is
formed of an annular collar or ring recessed to fit over an enlarged annular portion
of the partition where the oppositely inclined and tangentially arranged nozzles
or apertures are disposed the said diaphragm being kept in position by a ring
or collar screwed upon or otherwise secured to the partition or a projecting part
thereof, the whole being so arranged that the said diaphragm or slide is capable
of circumferential or it may be other movement to open and close the said
oppositely inclined set of ports or apertures at the proper times according to the
direction in which it is desired that the turbine should run that part of the
diaphragm or the partition coming above the nozzle outlets is formed with a
groove or recess of a curved cross sectional contour so arranged as to provide an
unobstructed and convenient passage for the operating fluid as it passes from the
TD 077

page_text: vanes the next partition or diaphragm being also formed with outer ends or
peripheries corresponding to the curved form of the rear side of the turbine wheels
for the same purpose.
Where the shaft passes out of the casing it is provided with a number of steam
tight rings of or ☐ section not fixed to but fitting well upon the shaft, these
rings are adapted to make a sliding joint against correspondingly arranged par-
titions upon or in the casing and at suitable points in such series a chamber or
chambers is or are provided with pipes or the like communicating with one or
more of the low pressure chambers of the turbine so that any leakage of working
fluid may be directed thereto and utilized.
Dator this 18th day of Amil 1808
PRYOR & HARVEY,
Agents.
Improvements in Turbines.
We, WILLIAM HENRY CLARKE, Engineer, of The Hermitage Gateshead, in the
County of Durham, and FREDERICK JAMES WARBURTON, Engineer, of 3, Grove
Street (formerly of 15, Callerton Place), in the City and County of Newcastle-
on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to turbines driven by steam or other expansive motive
power and has for its object to provide a reversible turbine of simple and
efficient construction and a means for controlling the passage of the operating
fluid or reversing the turbine.
We will describe our invention in reference to the accompanying drawings
whereof Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation, chiefly in section, of a compound or
multiple expansion reversible turbine embodying our invention; Figs. 2 and 3
are cross sections on the line 5-6 of the previous figure, looking to the left and
right respectively. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic section illustrating the means for
reversing the turbine.
T, T are turbine wheels and V, V the vanes thereof which, as shown best in
Fig. 3, are formed by an annular groove or recess turned in or on the face of
each wheel and divided by spaced radial partitions P, P inserted in corre-
sponding grooves or saw-cuts or otherwise conveniently fixed in the said
recess or groove; thus the series of symmetrical vanes or cells V, V accrue
though, as will be obvious, similar cells or vanes may be obtained in other
ways upon the wheels T. T, such as by stamping or casting. The turbine
wheels T, T are enclosed in a suitable cylindrical casing C, wherein they
are arranged upon a shaft S alternately with partitions 1, D, having suit-
ably shaped outer ends or peripheries as at d. d, for dividing or spacing the
wheels, and also forming chambers or ways H, H for the passage of the operating
fluid, entering and leaving the casing C at F and O respectively. In the divisions
or partitions D, D, two sets of oppositely inclined tangentially arranged aper-
tures, ports or nozzles N, N and N1, N (shown most clearly in Figs. 2 and 4)
are provided and arranged to direct the operating fluid at the proper angle upon
the vanes V, Vas it passes from chamber H to chamber H. The ports N, N
and N1, N are adapted to be opened and closed by means of movable diaphragms,
discs or slides A, A arranged upon the partitions D, D as in Fig. 1 (or it may be
within same) and they are fitted to be moved circularly as represented, or in

page_text: other direction. The slides A, A are furnished with two sets of holes or ports n, n
and n, n (as will be best seen in Figs. 2 and 4 also) to register or coincide with
the double set of ports N, N and N', 'N' respectively. The ports N, N and N¹, N¹
may be arranged to deliver the operating fluid upon the vanes V, V at the same
distance from the shaft as shown, but to avoid coincidence of the apertures when
arranged in close proximity they are or, may be arranged to deliver at different
distances, the reversing ports, or those less in use, delivering at the lesser point
of efficiency.
The diaphragms or port carrying slides A. A may be disposed on the entering
or outlet side of the partitions D, D and the latter form is that illustrated. Each
slide A is formed of an annular part recessed as at' a¹ to fit over an enlarged
annular portion d' on the portion of the partition D where the nozzles or ports N, N
and N1, N are disposed and it is kept in position by a ring or collar a screwed
as shown or otherwise secured to the partition, or a projecting part thereof,
the whole being so arranged that the slide A can be readily rotated or moved
round and upon the partition D to open and close the ports,N, N and N, N¹ by,
means of suitable operating mechanism, such as that exemplified in the draw-
ings. This mechanism, as will be seen, consists of a lever l'fixed to the slide A
and connected to a spindle united by a link 2 to a lever 3 mounted on a shaft L
supported in hearings on, and traversing the length of, the casing C. The
lever is located in a chamber I constituted by extending the casing C and
provided with a cover m and a stuffing box m¹ for the spindle ¹.
For operating the slides A, A, hence reversing the direction of revolution of
the shaft S, the shaft L is actuated by a reversing lever G fixed at one end
thereof and furnished with an ordinary locking device, as shown in Fig. 2.
To permit the necessary transverse movement of the shaft S while preventing
leakage of working fluid between the chambers H, H at the parts where it passes
through the partitions D, D, the apertures do, in the latter are made of some-
what larger diameter than the shaft to receive floating collars or rings R, R of
more or less or ☐ section fitting easily upon the shaft as described in the
Specification of our prior Patent No. 3455 dated February 11th 1898. To form
a fluid tight joint where the shaft S'passes out of the casing C, a number or
series of similar rings X, X is arranged thereat as described in the said specifi-
cation, the casing C having a suitable number of projecting parts or parti-
tions X1, X¹ to receive the rings X, X which, along with the partitions, are kept
in position by a screwed ring Z: at a suitable point or points in such series a
collecting chamber or chambers is or are provided as shown at U, U in Fig. 1
communicating by a pipe u or pipes with one or more of the low pressure
chambers of the turbine, so that any leakage is directed thereto. At the ends
of the casing C, the shaft S is supported by appropriate flexible packings or bear-
ings, such as that illustrated at the left side of Fig. 1, which consists of a bush J
capable of sliding transversely, in the cavity of the casing, upon the ring Z and
a screwed ring J closing the cavity and permitting access to the bearing.
In operation, the steam or other operating fluid is admitted at one end of the
turbine by the port F and enters the space h between the casing and first par-
tition D whence it passes through one set of ports N, N, N, N, n, n, n, n or N¹, N¹,
N¹, N¹, n¹, n¹, n', 'n' (according to the position of the slide 'A) and issues from
the ports n, n, n, n or n¹, n³, n', n¹ to impinge upon the vanes or cells V, V of
the first wheel T after which it passes by the space or way H to the back of the
first wheel T and through one set of ports at the next partition D to the next
wheel T and so throughout the turbine acting on the series of wheels thereof
in succession and exhausting at 0. In the drawings, the ports N, N, N, N are
open and assuming it is required to reverse the turbine, then to do so, the
lever G is moved to its opposite position thereby rotating the shaft L and causing
the connecting parts 1, 11, 12, 13 to actuate all the slides A, A to close all the
ports N, N, N, N by removing the ports n, m, n, n from coincidence therewith
and open all the ports N¹, N1, N1, N through bringing the ports n', n', n¹, n¹ in

page_text: line with them, and; due to the opposite inclination of the latter, the fluid issuing
therefrom will quickly bring the wheels T, T to rest and then drive them in the
reverse direction.
The ports at each succeeding partition are or may be of increased diameter
to provide for the expansion of the working fluid in its passage through the series
of chambers, as will be obvious.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is: —
1. In turbines, the use in combination of a series of turbine wheels having
symmetrical cells or vanes and a series of dividing partitions each having a
double set of oppositely inclined apertures, ports or nozzles for directing the
operating fluid upon the turbine wheels and also having a movable slide dis-
posed directly over the said apertures, nozzles or ports and provided with a
double set of oppositely inclined holes or ports each set of the latter being adapted,
on the proper operation of the slide, to form with the corresponding set of aper-
tures, nozzles or ports in the partition, a set of nozzles or ports inclined in one
or the opposite way, so that the direction in which the operating fluid issues to
act upon the vanes or cells, and consequently the rotation of the shaft, can be
reversed, substantially as set forth.
2. In turbines, the use in combination of partitions D, D each having aper-
tures, ports or nozzles N, N, N, N, N', N', N¹, N' and a slide A having holes or
ports n, m, n, n, n², n¹, n¹, n' and being connected to parts 1, 11, 12, 13; cham-
bers M, M; a shaft L and a reversing lever G, all arranged and adapted to
operate substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth in reference to
the accompanying drawings.
3. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the improved
reversible turbine, substantially as herein described and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
Doted this 19th low of Kakumanu 1000