Improvements in Illuminating Dials and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Aug., 1895
• Complete Specification Left, 22nd May, 1896-Accepted, 18th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Illuminating Dials and the like.
JOSEPH CHALLENDER Sanitary Engineer 15 Cannon Street Manchester in the
County of Lancaster do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to illuminate a church or turret clock dial, lamp's
& signs with the smallest expenditure of artificial light and without throwing any
shadow thereon.
Immediately behind the dial I place a reflector having the form of a hollow
cone. The end open & the dial forming the base. The part of the cone adjoining
the dial is perfectly straight so that the cone shall be a reasonable distance from
the dial and thus preserve the full power of reflection the upper band or straight
portion of the cone is perforated to assist ventilation and to allow any smoke to
escape. Within the point where the end is open, I place two or more lights one
on each side of the arbor or spindle which carries the hands and thus it will be
evident that the lights being placed within the opening of the cone will be equally
reflected over the dial whilst at the same time as they are outside the cone the
products of combustion from the illuminant will pass quite clear & not tarnish or
soil the reflecting surface.
In some cases I propose to place a reflector behind the lights in the center.
It will be manifest that the above described arrangement is applicable to
illuminate any circular, octagonal, or other similar surface but if it be desired to
illuminate a rectangular surface whether square or oblong then all that is necessary
is to substitute a reflector of a pyramidal form for the cone placing the lights as
before and the system is then applicable to, railway signal and other lamps or
lanterns and if an elongated reflector and three, four, or more gas lights are used
it may be employed for lighting or illuminating shop signs billiard tables & other
useful purposes.
Dated 1st dove of A vout 1805
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Illuminating Dials and the like.
I JOSEPH CHALLENDER of 15 Cannon Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Sanitary Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The principal object of this invention is to illuminate the whole disc or dial of
a church or turret clock with the smallest expenditure of artificial light and
without throwing any shadow thereon.
Such being the nature & object of my said invention, I will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, and in order that the same may be clearly understood,
I have annexed hereunto a sheet of drawings illustrative thereof and have markęd

page_text: the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the
following explanation.
Fig. 1 in the annexed drawing is a sectional view showing the application of my
invention to a clock. A. A. is part of the wall of the turret. B. B. is the clock
dial & hands. C. C. is the arbor which carries the hands. D. D. is the cone or
reflector & E. E. are the lights. Fig. 2. shews the front view of cone D. D,
E. E. represents the position of the lights. Fig. is a vertical section showing
its application to a lamp or sign.
Immediately behind the dial, I place a reflector D. D. having the form of a
hollow cone whereof the end is open and the dial forms the base. The part
of the cone adjoining the dial is perfectly straight, so that the cone shall be a
reasonable distance from the dial and thus preserve the full power of reflection
the upper part of the band is perforated to allow any smoke to escape.
Within the point where the apex is open, but outside the cone, I place two
lights E E or more if required, & thus it will be evident that the lights
being thus placed, will be equally reflected all over the dial B B, whilst at the
same time being outside, the products of combustion will pass, & not soil the
reflecting surface. In some cases 1 propose. to place a small reflector behind
the lights. It will be evident that the above described arrangement is applicable
to illuminate a rectangular surface, whether square or oblong. All that is
necessary is to substitute a reflector of a pyramidal form for the cone, placing the
lights as before. The system is then applicable to lamps, shop signs, & other
purposes. See Fig. 3.
The principal object of this invention is to illuminate the whole disc or dial of
a church or turret clock with the smallest expenditure of artificial light and
without throwing any shadow thereon.
Having now described the nature & object of my said invention, together
with the manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into practical
effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my invention,
The improved system of illumination herein before described and illustrated by
the annexed drawings, and more especially, I claim the combination of the conical
or pyramidal reflector with the lights placed outside of the cone or pyramid,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before set forth &
described.
Dated this 21st May 1896
JOSEPH CHALLENDER.