IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOBES to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors at
Frankfort-on the-Main, in the Empire of Germany do hereby declare the nature of
said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOBES to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to globes, and has for its objects to provide means for
enabling globes to be set at any hour in a position, in reference to the Sun, agreeing
with the true bearing, and to enable a person to determine the length of terrestrial
illumination of any place by the Sun, the time of Sun rise and sunset in hours and
minutes for any place, and the sun's position over the horizon.
The axis of the globe is inclined at an angle of 231 degrees and firmly
connected with the stand by means of an oblique arm.
On the circular stand is
fitted a Date disc divided into 365 parts corresponding to the days of the year.
Around this Date disc is a ring which can be turned, and to this ring is attached,
an index or finger and upon a wire is a small horizontally situated arrow indicating
the position of the Sun.
On the said ring, perpendicular to the Date disc, a second ring open at the bottom,
is firmly screwed so that by means of the first ring the second ring, together with
the arrow and the index or finger, can be turned.
The terrestrial equator is encircled by a third ring hereinafter termed the
equatorial ring carried by rods which rest upon a collar rotating upon the lower
end of the axis.
Thus the equatorial ring can be rotated round the globe. It is divided into
twenty four parts corresponding with the twenty four hours. Each hour is sub-
divided into minutes, and has at the places where 6 o'clock is marked two notches
into which the second ring fits. By turning the second ring by means of the first
ring the equatorial ring is caused to move, whereby twelve noon is always made to
point in the Sun's direction.
The globe is provided with a movable meridian to which is fitted an index
projecting directly over the equatorial ring.
The arrow constantly indicates the point on the Earth's surface over which the
Sun stands in the zenith, whence it follows that it indicates for each day the
declination of the Sun to the North, and of the Equator to the South.

page_text: The second ring shows with every position of the globe, the boundary line
between the day and night hemisphere or the sunrise and sunset upon the earth;
and that, invariably for that day which the index shows on the date disc, and for
that time of day which the meridian of any given locality shows upon the equatorial
ring.
For localities situate just beneath the second ring the relative meridians will
show the time of sun-rise and sun-set, just according as these localities may lie
upon one or the other side of the globe.
If it be desired to determine a particular time of sunset, as for instance for Paris
on 20th June, let the date-disc index be brought against the particular day, then
place the movable meridian upon Paris and turn the globe so far round as to bring
Paris under the second ring on the Eastern hemisphere. That done, the hour index
will show. the time of sunset as being 8.7 p.m.
The time of sunrise is ascertained in the same manner only on the Western
hemisphere.
To ascertain the sun's position over the horizon of a locality a theodolite that
can be applied to the movable meridian is used. This consists of a ring provided
with a register of the points of the compass and a division in degrees, and of a
quadrant revolving inside this ring to which is fixed a long movable rod.
The theodolite is set over the particular spot on the globe's surface, the globe is
adjusted as explained for the given day and hour, and the said rod is placed parallel
with the arrow-or in other words-directed straight towards the sun. Then the
quadrant will show on a ring exactly the direction of the sun, while the rod will
show his altitude on the quadrant itself.
Instead of firmly connecting the globe axis together with the oblique arm and
the date disc with the stand, all these may also be fitted on to the stand so as to
revolve. In such case, the second ring, as well as the index and the arrow, would
then have to be. firmly connected with the stand.
.
Dated this 27th day of Fábruary 1884

page_text: .
The arrow S marks that part of the surface of the earth over which the sun
stands in its zenith; it thus shows, each day, the declination of the sun towards the
north and south of the equator.
If the sun-finger S is set to the date-disc D for any day, it indicates the direction
or position of the true sun, if, however, it is moved in such a manner that upon
the hour-ring H the desired date comes under the meridian-finger Z, the said sun-
finger S indicates the direction or position of the mean sun.
In order to obtain the direction or position of the mean sun, for, any day, the
hour-finger Z and date-finger K must previously have been set to point to one of
the four days on which the mean and the true sun cover one another, that is to say
the 24th December, 15th April, 14th June, or 1st September.
When the date-finger K is shifted from day to day, and it is.observed, how many
minutes the hour-finger Z must each time be moved forward, in order to show
again the same hour as on the previous day, the duration, or the inequality of the
true solar days (Ungleichheit der wahren Sonnentage) (the inequality of the daily
right-ascension of the sun) can be shown with great accuracy and perspicuity,
The ring B gives at every position in which the globe may be placed, the
marginal line of night and day, or the line of the rising and setting of the sun on
the earth, and always for the day to which the pointer K points to, on the date
disc D'and at the hour which the meridian of a certain place shows on the hour
ring.
I!".
For places which may happen to be immediately below the ring B their
meridians show the rising or setting of the sun as they may happen to be to the
right or left of the globe.
To give an example. To find the time of the setting of the sun at Paris on the
20th of June, the date-pointer K is placed at the before-named date, the adjustable
meridian moved around over Paris, and the whole globe turned around until Paris
is at the east side under the ring B; the hour pointer Zwen show the setting
of the sun at seven minutes past 8.
"
The rising of the sun is determined in the same manner on the west side of the
globe.
In order to determine the height of the sun above the horizon of a certain
place a theodolite T (Figure 3) (which I will hereinafter term the theodolite No' 1)
is adjusted on the meridian M. The theodolite No 1 is provided with a ring, W,
divided into degrees and quarters of the heavens, and with a quadrant Q'which
can be turned and adjusted and to which a rod R' is movably or adjustably
attached.
[
si The manner of employing the apparatus is as follows.
· The theodolite is arranged-over any place marked on the globe when it is wished
to determine the height of the sun, above the horizon with reference to this place,
on the globe, adjusted to day and hour, as above described; the rod R is then
placed parallel to the arrow S, that is to say, pointed directly towards the sun.
The quadrant will then show the direction on the ring W, and the rod R; the
height of the sun in degrees on the quadrant.
i
The theodolite No 2 (Figures 10 and 11) is the same in principle as the 4
theodolite No 1, only the quadrant Q and the lever R (of the theodolite No 1) are
replaced by the altitude-circle H within which is a small rod F, to represent the
telescope. This rod being counter-balanced by the weight g, always assumes a
horizontal position and is consequently always directed towards the ecliptic, if the
apparatus is fixed over different points of the globe. It is therefore only necessary
to place the altitude circle at a right angle to the illumination-ring B, to cause the
telescope to point exactly to the sun and indicate upon the altitude-circle its
height above the horizon, whilst the altitude-circle itself (like the quadrant Q
of the theodolite No 1) indicates the direction for position of the sun upon the
compass W.
Besides facilitating this adjustment; the construction No 2 affords the advantage
that with its use all questions and problems 'having reference to the positions of
5

page_text: the sun can be solved directly, which cannot be found by means of similar
apparatus heretofore employed without calculation.
In place of having the axle A, of the globe as well as the arm E, and date
disc D firmly attached to the foot F, they can be attached to the latter in such a
manner, that they can be revolved upon the same.
In this case the ring B, as well as the pointer K, and arrow S are firmly attached
to the foot F.
In the latter case the movements are just the reverse of those above described,
while the result is the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First The combination, with a globe, of means substantially as described whereby
the time of the rising and setting of the sun can be easily and correctly determined
for any place on the said globe.
Second The globe foot F in combination with a date disc D, and rigid slanting or
inclined globe axle A, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Third The open ring B, firmly attached to the ring C in combination with the
arrow S, the hour ring H, the pointers Z and K, substantially as, and for the
purpose, set forth.
Fourth The arrangement of the globe with the equatorial ring H divided into
parts representing hours and minutes and into 365 parts representing days, in
combination with the globe-axis A and the illumination-ring B, substantially as,
and for the purposes, set forth.
Fifth The mechanism as above described in combination with the ring M and
theodolite T (N° 1 or N° 2) substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Dated this 27th day of November 1884.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.