Year: 1897

page_text: I, FRITZ ARLEDTER, of Perlen, near Luzern, in the Republic of Switzerland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of resinous soap containing unsapon-
aceous resin and which is particularly adapted for use as paper size in the manu-
facture of paper..
According to my invention I. boil. the mass under pressure while continually
stirring the same the contents being thereby substantially, converted into liberated
resin, that is to say, for the boiling of the soap according to my invention, only 7
to 10 per cent. of alkali is necessary as against 10 to 15 per cent. by the methods
hitherto known.
.
1
The chemically free .or so called liberated resin may amount to 45 per cent. of
the resinous soap as against 25 per cent. which has hitherto been the maximum.
Acting on the theory of Dr. Wuster, viz., that only liberated resin sizes paper, I
have succeeded in sizing paper with one and a half to two per cent. of resin, that
is to say, one and a half or two kilograms of resin to one hundred kilograms of
paper. The main feature of my invention consists therefore in the large pro-
portion of liberated resin and in the microscopically fine distribution of this resin,
whereby a considerable saving, over the sizing methods hitherto known, is effected.
Amongst the advantages of my method of manufacture may be specially men-
tioned:
THI
1. Considerably shorter duration of the boiling (up to 80 per cent.).
2. The concentration of the resinous soap is regular as compared with the great
differences in the quantities of water contained in the soap made by the methods
hitherto known.
'
3. The quantity of liberated resin may be raised to 50 per cent. without causing
inconvenience by the dissolution of such resinous soap such as: deposit of undis-
solved resin, obstruction of the piping and of the paper machine.
4. By steady boiling equal sizing is obtained and I am enabled to size paper
with one and a half to two per cent. of resin. A considerable saving is therefore
obtained over the hitherto-known methods.
Dad the th
100

page_text: I, FRITZ ARLEDTER, of Perlen, near Luzern, in the Republic of Switzerland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of resinous soap containing unsapon-
aceous resin and which is particularly adapted for use as paper size in the manu-
facture of paper.
According to my invention abietine acid (resin, colophonium) is boiled under
pressure in a suitable closed vessel of ordinary construction for some hours with
alkali (soda, caustic soda, caustic potash), starch (potato starch) and paraffin oil
(petroleum) carbonic acid and water.
In practice I have found that good results have been obtained by employing the
ingredients in about the following proportions viz., 100 % resin, 6.75 % alkali,
25% starch, 1% paraffin oil and 30% water.
The vessels rotate or are provided with stirrers and the contents become thereby.
substantially converted into liberated resin, that is to say, for the boiling of the
soap according to my invention, only 7 to 10 per cent. of alkali is necessary as
against 10 to 15 per cent, by the methods hitherto known.
The carbonic acid acts favourably upon the sizing; it is partially absorbed by
the resinous soap so that I obtain from the outset an acid product and require less
alum (aluminium sulphate) at the subsequent precipitation on the cylinder-
engine. When soda (sodium carbonate) is employed in the boiling operation the
carbonic acid is already present, the soda combines with the abietine acid, and the
carbonic acid is freed and enters into mechanical combination with the mass. The
paraffin oil retains the free unsaponified resin partially in solution and prevents too
much forming in the machine even when size is employed. The starch (potato
flour), as is well known, acts favourably in sizing and the combination with the
resinous soap takes place more energetically under pressure.
The chemical process proceeds regularly in closed vessels, as the same pressure
and temperature exist at the highest and lowest points, so that it is possible to ob-
tain a resinous soap having a high percentage of free resin in homogeneous division.
In open vessels layers are formed, that is to say, the heavy resins sink to the
bottom and are saponified, whilst the light resins float and are not sufficiently
brought under the influence of the boiling process owing to the equalization of
the temperature. Colophonium always contains resins of different specific
gravities. Furthermore a portion of the easily vaporizable resins vaporises in
the open vessel and this is avoided in the closed vessel.
The pressure in the boiler can, when the process is finished, force the mass
through a filter of any suitable material such as glass, wool, asbestos, felt or the
like, so that all foreign bodies are removed and a product is obtained which is
eminently suitable for sizing paper and is easily soluble in cold water.
The chemically free or so called liberated resin may amount to from 35 to 45
per cent. of the resinous soap as against 25 per cent. which has hitherto been the
maximum.
Acting on the theory of Dr. Wuster, viz., that only liberated resin sizes paper, I
have succeeded in sizing paper with one and a half to two per cent. of resin, that
is to say, one and a half to two kilograms of resin to one hundred kilograms of
paper. The main feature of my invention consists therefore in the large propor-

page_text: tion of liberated resin and in the microscopically fine distribution of this resin,
whereby a considerable saving, over the sizing methods hitherto known, is effected.
Amongst the advantages, of my method of manufacture may be specially men-
tioned;
1. Considerably shorter duration of the boiling (up to 80 per cent.).
2. The concentration of the resinous soap is regular as compared with the great
differences in the quantities of water contained in the soap made by the methods
hitherto known.
3. The quantity of liberated resin may be raised to from 35 to 45 per cent.
without causing inconvenience by the dissolution of such resinous soap such as:
deposit of undissolved resin, obstruction of the piping and of the paper machine.
4. By steady boiling equal sizing is obtained and I am enabled to size paper
with one and a half to two per cent. of resin. A considerable saving is therefore
obtained over the hitherto known methods.
During the boiling the mass may be directly fed with steam.
After the boiling is finished the mass is forced under pressure from the boiler
through filters of glass, wool, asbestos, felt or the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The manufacture of resinous soap containing unsaponaceous resin particu-
larly adapted for use as paper size in the manufacture of paper by the method here-
in before described consisting in boiling under great pressure resin and a quantity
of alkali not sufficient for the complete saponification of the resin.
2. In the manufacture of resinous soap by the method claimed in Claim 1 the
filtering of the finished mass under pressure through filters of glass, wool, asbestos,
felt or the like.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.