New or Improved Appliance applicable for Teaching the Drawing of Maps or the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 9th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Appliance applicable for Teaching the Drawing
of Maps or the like.
I, ROBERT. RALPH BELL of 74 Ling Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object an appliance applicable for teaching drawing,
such as the drawing of maps, landscapes, etcetera.
In carrying out my invention I provide a map of any given country or part of a
country, which is suitably lithographed or printed and afterwards perforated
throughout its outline, its rivers and its mountains. This map is then placed in
position face upwards on the surface of the paper on which it is intended to draw
the map and is securely fastened at the four corners by drawing pins or other
suitable means. By rubbing the surface of the perforations with powdered black
lead or similar substance the stencil outline of the map will be left visible upon
the sheet of paper placed beneath it. The powdered black lead may be rubbed
on the surface by the finger or if desired a suitable absorbent or other pad may
be used, covered or impregnated with black lead.
The perforated map may be kept in a good state of preservation and the greater
portion of the black lead removed by gently rubbing over the surface with a soft
clean piece of linen or cotton wool.
After the process of rubbing in the black lead is completed, the map is removed
and any superfluous powder lying upon the paper underneath is blown away, when
the clear stencil outline of the map will be left visible.
There are preferably two sizes of dots made in the map, the larger size repre-
senting the coast line and counties and the smaller size showing the position of the
rivers, and mountains. The stencilled outline of the coast line, the boundaries of
the different counties, the tracks for the mountains and rivers are finished to form
a solid line by means of a pencil. The pattern map may be marked by given
letters indicating the colours which the counties or divisions should take.
I believe that by means of this invention the study of mapping as a home lesson
will become a real pleasure and source of valuable instruction.
Although I have described the invention in connection with drawing of maps,
it must be distinctly understood that it is not limited in its application to maps
only.
T
1001
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Appliance applicable for Teaching the Drawing
of Maps or the like.
I, ROBERT RALPH BELL of 74 Ling Street, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
This invention has for its object an appliance applicable for teaching drawing or

page_text: mapping, such as the drawing of maps, landscapes, groups, illuminated texts,
patterns, etcetera.
.
In carrying out my invention as applied to the drawing of maps, I provide a
sheet of paper or other suitable material having the entire outline of any given
country or part of a country (and also, if desired, the course of its rivers and
mountains, as well as its divisións into counties or states) delineated thereon by
perforations or punchings. These are placed fairly close together, so that the
general form or delineation of the country with its bays and promontories is
clearly depicted. One or both surfaces of the paper or other material may be
suitably glazed to prevent the black lead or other matter from adhering thereto.
This pattern map is then placed in position on the surface of the paper upon
which it is intended to draw the map, and may be securely fastened at each of the
four corners by drawing pins or other suitable means. By rubbing the surface of
the punchings with powdered black lead or similar substance, a stencil outline of
the map will be left visible upon the sheet of paper placed beneath it. The
powdered black lead may he rubbed on the surface by the finger, or, if desired, a
suitable absorbent or other pad may be used, covered or impregnated with black
lead or other marking matter.
A pad is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which—
Figure 1 is a plan, and
Figure 2 a sectional elevation of the absorbent pad impregnated with black
lead.
A, is a receptacle with one end open and the other having a covering of fine
gauze a. In the open end is placed a plug B of wood or any other suitable
material, which keeps the powdered black lead b in the receptacle A pressed tight
against the gauze a, bulging it out and preventing any dust from accidentally
running through the gauze. When in use, the plug B is pressed down by the
fore finger while rubbing the surface of the gauze on the punchings. The whole
can be enclosed in a box lined with wool padding to protect the gauze bottom a
when not in use.
After the process of rubbing with the black lead is completed, the pattern map
is removed, and superfluous powder (if any) lying upon the paper underneath is
blown away, when the clear stencil outline of the map to be drawn will be left
visible.
The student may then finish the stencilled outlines by means of a pencil or pen,
joining the stencilled impressions together to form continuous lines.
If desired, there may be two sizes of punchings made in the pattern map, the
larger size for representing the coast line and counties, and the smaller size showing
the position of the rivers, mountains, etcetera. The punchings are made in any
suitable manner, but, by preference, they are formed by punches and counterpart
holes, whereby, as the sheet is passed between them, little discs of paper are
punched out, leaving the perforations flush on each side of the sheet without any
projecting or jagged edges.
In applying the invention to the drawing of pictures, groups, landscapes,
illuminated texts, etcetera, the general outlines of such objects are perforated on a
sheet, and this sheet employed in forming stencilled impressions of the objects
in the manner similar to that already described in connection with the drawing
of maps.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. As an improved article of manufacture, an appliance for teaching the drawing
of maps, pictures, texts, patterns, etcetera, consisting of a pattern sheet having
punchings which indicate the outline or configuration of the object or objects, said
pattern sheet forming, when placed on the surface of the drawing paper, a stencil,
wherefrom a stencilled outline of the object may be delineated.

page_text: 2. In an apparatus for teaching the drawing of maps, pictures, texts, patterns,
etcetera, the use, in combination therewith, of the device substantially as described
for applying black lead or other substance over the surface of the punchings to
form the stencilled outline.
Dated this 8th day of March 1892.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Nottingham, and London, Patent Agents.