IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER, PRINCIPALLY APPLICABLE TO HORSE MILLS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE POWER,
PRINCIPALLY APPLICABLE TO HORSE MILLS."-A communication from Josepli
Pinet of Abilly in the Empire of France. Machine Maker.
Sealed the 28th December 1855, and dated the 19th July 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th July 1855.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTIVE
POWER, PRINCIPALLY APPLICABLE TO HORSE MILLS," a communication from Joseph
Pinet, of Abilly, in the Empire of France, Machine Maker, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
horse mills, whereby the driving mechanism is rendered less liable to become
deranged, whilst at the same time it may be made cheaper, and is more
portable and easy of adjustment than the ordinary horse mills at present in use.
The improvements consist in the entire suppression of bevil gearing, and
the substitution of spur gearing, which is both cheaper and less liable to
derangement.

page_text: gears
into
The actuating levers are secured to a large horizontal spur wheel running
loose on the base of a fixed vertical column, which is bolted or otherwise
secured on to a suitable bed plate. This bed plate may either be bolted on to
a timber foundation or frame, or it may be partly imbedded in the ground
without any other foundation or frame. The large loose wheel
spur
a spur pinion cast in one piece with a second spur wheel, and working loosely
on a steel centre, and let into the top of a fixed stud, which is passed through
and bolted to the bed plate. This second spur wheel gears into a spur pinion
fast on the lower end of a vertical shaft inside the vertical column, and turning
on a steel footstep bearing in the bed plate, whilst its upper works in a collar
bearing on the top of the vertical column. On the top of this shaft is fitted
loosely a driving pulley, which receives its motion from the vertical shaft
through a ratchet wheel keyed thereon, and a pall fitted on to the pulley, by
which means, if the horse or other animal in the mill should suddenly stop or
decrease its speed, the pulley in place of being checked will continue to rotate
its pall, slipping over the teeth of the ratchet wheel, thus preventing any
derangement of the machine which is being driven by a sudden checking of
its speed. This pulley by means of a band drives another pulley, which is
secured to a horizontal shaft, and communicates also by a driving belt with
the driving pulley of the machine to be actuated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th January 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might

page_text: make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTION POWER, PRINCIPALLY APPLICABLE TO HORSE
MILLS," a communication from Joseph Pinet, of Abilly, in the Empire of
France, Machine Maker, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
horse mills, whereby the driving mechanism is rendered less liable to become
deranged, whilst at the same time it may be made cheaper, and is more
portable and easy of adjustment than the ordinary horse mills at present in use.
The improvements consist in the entire suppression of bevil gearing, and the
substitution of spur gearing, which is both cheaper and less liable to derange-
ment. The actuating levers are secured to a large horizontal spur wheel
running loose on the base of a fixed vertical column, which is bolted or other-
wise secured on to a suitable bed plate. This bed plate may either be bolted
on to a timber foundation or frame, or it may be partly imbedded in the ground
without any other foundation or support. The large loose spur wheel gears
into a spur pinion cast in one piece with a second spur wheel, and working
loosely on a steel centre let into the top of a fixed stud, which is passed through
and bolted to the bed plate. This second spur wheel gears into a spur pinion
fast on the lower end of a vertical shaft inside the vertical column; this shaft
turning on a steel footstep bearing in the bed plate, whilst its upper end works
in a collar bearing on the top of the vertical column. On the top of this shaft
is fitted loosely a driving pulley, which receives its motion from the vertical
shaft through a ratchet wheel keyed thereon, and a pall fitted on to the pulley,
by which means, if the actuating power in the mill should suddenly stop or
decrease its speed, the pulley in place of being checked will continue to rotate,
its pall slipping over the teeth of the ratchet wheel, thus preventing any
derangement of the mechanism by a sudden checking of its speed. This pulley
by means of a band drives another pulley, which is secured to a horizontal

page_text: shaft, and communicates also by a driving belt with the driving pulley of the
machine to be actuated.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall refer to
the several Figures on the Shect of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a vertical section of the improved horse
mill in action, and Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same.
The
rest of the Figures are details, which I shall herein-after more particularly
describe and refer to.
A, A, are two sleepers or beams of wood, forming the base of the machine;
B is a cast-iron bed plate, fixed to the beams A by the bolts C, and shewn in
enlarged section and plan at Figures 3 and 4; D is a socket cast in the bed
plate, which socket forms an oil reservoir, and is furnished with a steel bearing
piece E; H is a hollow vertical cast-iron column. It is fixed at its base on
to the bed plate B by the bolts J (Figure 3), and is arranged at its lower
extremity to receive the main central spur wheel M. At the upper end E' of
the column are fitted suitable bearing pieces with grease passages intervening
to facilitate their lubrication. The cast-iron spur wheel M works loosely round
the base of the central column H. A suitable grease aperture is made at N
to receive the oil or grease which passes down between the column and the
boss of the wheel M. P is a small spur pinion, cast in one piece with the
spur wheel Q. These two wheels are adjusted upon the fixed stud centre R,
round which they both turn freely. In order, however, to diminish the
friction as much as possible, a screw S, steeled at the point, is fixed in the
centre of the boss of the pinion P, and the lower or bearing end of this screw
is in contact with a steel bearing piece fixed into the top of the stud R, the
pinion P and the wheel being thereby suspended on the top of the stud R.
U is a spur pinion, in gear with the wheel Q, and fast upon the lower end of
the vertical shaft V, passing through the centre of the hollow column II. This
shaft turns at its lower extremity on a steel centre E, and is held at the top
at Et by means of the collar bearing, herein-before-referred to. X is a cast-
iron pulley, revolving loosely round the top of the shaft V, and transmitting the
motive power by means of a belt m, m. This loose driving pulley carries at Z
(Figure 5) a catch or pall, which is pressed upon by the blade spring a, and
kept constantly in contact with the small ratchet 6 fixed upon the shaft V.
The result of this arrangement is, that when the machine is in motion the
pulley X is caused to turn with the ratchet as though it were itself fast upon
the shaft V; but if, on the contrary, the motive power suddenly stops, or

page_text: produces a reacting movement, the vertical shaft V will be stopped, as well as
all the gearing of the apparatus, while the pulley, impelled by the impetus
which it has already received, continues to turn freely round the shaft in the
same direction without causing any derangement to the mechanism. The
levers Y are fixed to the central wheel M by means of the bolts I, I, and the
horses or oxen are yoked to their extremities, as in ordinary horse mills.
Figures 6 and 7 represent a side elevation and plan of a cast-iron bed plate
d, in the form of a cross, which may be substituted for the beams of wood A
and bed plate B. This cross frame or bed plate serves as a base for the
column, and is merely laid upon the surface of the ground, and may be fixed
by wooden pins driven through the suitable openings c, c.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
First, the general construction and arrangement of horse mills, as herein-
before described.
Second, the application and use of the vertical central column, as herein-
before described.
Third, the peculiar arrangement of spur gearing for horse mills, as herein-
before described.
Fourth, the peculiar combination of a loose driving pulley with a fast
ratchet wheel and pall, in the manner and for the purpose herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)