Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 30th Dec., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
I, CHARLES ARTHUR ALLISON, of No. 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(which has been communicated to me from abroad by Charles Marshall Lungren,
of 181 Broadway, in the City, County and State of New York, United States of
America, Civil Engineer), and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres, and has for its object an improved
construction of such tyres, by means of which the tyre shoe or cover may be readily
removed from the wheel rim when it becomes necessary to repair the tyre, and yet
be at all times securely attached to this rim whether the tyre is inflated or deflated.
The method by which I accomplish this result consists in constructing the tyre shoe
with enlarged edges, and holding these edges in a channel or space formed between
the wheel rim and a circumferential band by the use of removeable retaining rings
placed between the tyre shoe and the wheel rim.
In the drawings I. have shown several forms of tyre embodying my invention,
but I do not limit myself to the precise form shown, as the parts may be
given a variety of shapes without departing from the essential features of the
invention.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1, shows a tyre provided with a special form of rim;
Fig. 2, shows one form of tyre mounted upon the ordinary crescent rim,
Fig. 3, shows a modified form of such tyre, and
Fig. 4, shows a modified form of cover.
Referring to the drawings, A, is an air chamber of the usual construction,
and B, a surrounding removeable cover or shoe, provided with the enlarged edges b.
These edges fit into a channel or space C, formed between the wheel rim D, and a
circumferential band E, and are retained in place by the bands F. The manner of
applying these bands F, will vary with the form of the rim. In the construction
shown in Fig. 1, they occupy the side spaces between the tyre shoc and the
upturned side wall of the rim, while in that shown in Figs. 2 and 3, they fit into
the same channel as that containing the enlarged edges of the tyre shoe. But in
whichever position they are placed, their purpose is the same, viz., to prevent the
displacement of the enlarged edges of the tyre cover, by filling up the space or
channel through which these edges must pass in order to be removed from the rim.
They may be made in the form of endless rings of such material as rubber, rubber
fabric or canvas; or in the form of rings with butt or lapped ends, of metal, wood
or hard rubber.
As the bands are subjected to a compressive strain only, a wrapping of common
twine, or any other material which will serve to fill up the space between the tyre
shoe and the rim, and which can be quickly applied, will also answer.
For the purpose of properly confining the enlarged edges b, the circumferential
band E, may be entirely free from the rim, but it is preferably attached to it at
several points so that it will not slide off from the opposite enlarged edge when one
side of the cover is removed from the rim. The attachment of this band E to the
rim, when made, is preferably done in such a way as to make it easily removeable,
such as by affixing studs to the band and setting screws into them from the outside
of the rim. This will allow of the band and rim being enameled separately when
they are constructed of metal, and then put together without marring the enamel.
The band E may be made of any suitable material which has sufficient strength and

page_text: rigidity, such as steel, wood, or hard rubber, and when desired the rim may also be
of wood. The shape of the band E may be varied to conform with that of the rim
and the edges of the tyre shoe. In the form of rim shown in Fig. 1, it is preferably
flat, while in that shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, it may be either flat as shown in Fig. 3,
or be provided with turned down edges, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. This latter is
the preferable form for this shape of rim, as there is thereby formed a more secure
joint between the band and the edge of the tyre shoe. In the form of rim shown in
these three figures, the band may be endless, as it is of a sufficient diameter to pass
over the rim D, laterally. It is however, preferably constructed in all cases with
its ends detachably joined, as it can then always be made to fit the rim, and allow-
ance made for variation in the size of the same.
Instead of using a separate ring or band to retain the enlarged edge of the tyre
cover in place, I may employ a tyre cover with bifurcated edge, as shown in Fig. 4.
In this figure the wheel rim and circumferential band are shown of the same
construction as illustrated in Fig. 2, but the tyre shoe is composed of two parts,
an inner envelope B, and an outer one B¹. These two envelopes are free of each
other for a short distance from the edge, as shown on the left hand side, constituting
a cover with bifurcated edges. The inner flaps of these bifurcated edges are
provided with the enlarged edges b, and the outer flaps take the place of the
retaining bands F, in the previous figures, being used precisely as free bands to
fill in the spaces between the inner flaps and the wheel rim, and retain their
enlarged edges in place. This compound cover may be constructed in any desired
way. The inner and outer envelopes may be formed separately and simply
cemented together, or they may be free of each other throughout, the curvature to
which they are moulded being sufficient to retain the outer envelope in place.
They may also be permanently attached to each other by being vulcanized together.
Each envelope is provided with a facing or insertion of fabric to render it non-
stretchable, so as to make the cover a proper confining case for the air tube A.
The outer flap of the cover is preferably provided with a bead b', to form a grip by
which it may be easily handled. While I have shown this form of cover applied
only to the construction shown in Fig. 2, it is evident that it may be applied
equally well to the construction shown in the other figures, or to any form of wheel
rim in which one or more channels are provided for the reception of the enlarged
edges of the cover, and filling in rings or bands adapted to prevent the displacement
of the same.
A tyre made in accordance with this Specification is light and strong, and very
easily handled by the user as all of the parts may fit together loosely. When
constructed in the forms shown in Figs. 2, 3, or 4, it may be applied to present
machines having the ordinary crescent rim, without the necessity of applying
new rims.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of a wheel rim provided with a circum-
ferential band, a tyre shoe with enlarged edges, adapted to fit into the space between
the rim and band, and removeable retaining rings adapted to prevent the
displacement of the tyre shoe edges, substantially as specified.
2. In a pneumatic tyre, the combination of an air chamber, a surrounding shoe
or cover having enlarged edges, a wheel rim provided with a circumferential band
large enough to leave a space between itself and the rim to receive the enlarged
edges of the cover, and removeable retaining rings adapted to prevent the
displacement of the tyre shoe edges, substantially as specified.
3. The method of securing the cover of a pneumatic tyre to its wheel rim,
which consists in forming the cover with enlarged edges and holding them in place
between the rim and a surrounding band, by means of removeable retaining bands,
substantially as specified.

page_text: 4. The method of securing the cover of a pneumatic tyre to its wheel rim, which
consists in forming the cover with bifurcated edges, forming an enlargement upon
the inner flaps of said bifurcated edges, and holding these enlarged edges in a
channel or channels in the wheel rim by means of the outer flaps of said bifurcated
edges, substantially as specified.
5. A tyre shoe or cover for pneumatic tyres, provided with bifurcated edges,
the inner flaps of which have enlarged edges adapted to fit into channels in a wheel
rim, and the outer flaps of which are adapted to act as filling in bands, to retain
the enlarged edges in place, substantially as specified.
Dated this 28th day of November 1893.
ALLISON BRUS.,
Agents for the Applicant.