IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS OF CARTS CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1884

page_text: I THOMAS MELLOR of 3 Merefield Street Rochdale in the County of Lancaster
Grocer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS OF CARTS CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES to be as
follows:-
My invention refers to and consists in a method of constructing the wheels of
carts carriages and other vehicles of metal. The rim or tire of cach of such wheels
aforesaid I form of wrought or rolled angle iron or steel of
or of
section, the depth of the side flanges and the thickness of the tread of the
tire being proportioned to the weight to be borne by the wheel. The said anglo
iron or steel I form into a circle by rolling or by any other convenient means―
Within the rim of the tire above named I form blocks or cross pieces during the
process of rolling auch tire or such blocks or cross pieces may be formed separately
and secured to the said tire-The said blocks or cross pieces are provided with
holes into each of which one of the ends of each of the spokes or arms of the wheel
which are also formed of wrought iron or steel is secured by wedging or in any
other suitable manner, the blocks or cross pieces above named I secure to the rim
or tire previously mentioned by bolts or rivets-The nave of the wheel I form of
metal and I provide such nave with notches or recesses for receiving the remaining
ends of the spokes or arms above referred to which spokes or arms are retained in
the notches or recesses above named by means of a washer forced forward by a nut
provided with screw threads such screw threads taking into similar screw threads
formed upon the nave before named, this nut when pressing the arms aforesaid
into the notches or recesses above named will also force the said spokes or arms
outwards against the rim or tire by causing the ends of each of the spokes or arms
to slide along a surface inclined to the length of the spoke or arm-In cases
where the tire or rim of the wheel is of considerable breadth I form projections
from one or both sides of the rim or tire before named-In some cases I support
the aforesaid projections by means of brackets which may be formed with or
secured to the said rim or tire-In some cases I employ a tire or rim formed of
metal of a
section such form being more especially adapted to wheels for
vehicles of light construction-The outer ends of the spokes or arms I form forked
and secure such forked ends to the rim or tire aforesaid by means of bolts rivets
T

page_text: or by other suitable means-The nave of the wheel aforesaid I form with two
screwed parts each of which is provided with a nut capable of being screwed
thercon Upon the nave aforesaid I also form a boss or flange in opposite sides of
which are formed recesses for receiving the remaining ends of the spokes or arms
above referred to-The aforesaid nuts when screwed forward upon the nave above
named force the before named spokes or arms into the notches or recesses and at
the same time cause the ends of the said spokes or arms to be slidden along surfaces
at an angle to the length of the said spokes or arms so as to force them outwards
against the before named tire or rim.
In order to impart a slight amount of elasticity to wheels constructed as above
described I in some cases insert between the spokes or arms and the rim or nave
and between the nuts above referred to and the spokes or arms packings of leather
or other suitable clastic material.
The above described constructions of naves may be used in combination with
rims or tiros of any of the sections hereinbefore referred to.

page_text: I THOMAS MELLOR of 3 Merefield Street Rochdale in the County of Lancaster
Grocer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF THE WHEELS OF CARTS CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention refers to and consists in a method of constructing the wheels of
carts carriages and other vehicles of metal. In order that my invention may be
fully understood and carried into effect I will now proceed to describe the same by
reference to the drawings hereunto annexed in which drawings Fig. 1. is a front
view of a wheel of a cart or other vehicle-Fig 2 is a vertical section of such wheel
taken at right angles to Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a plan of a portion of the rim or
tire, a, similar letters of reference being affixed to corresponding parts in each of
the figures The rim or tire, a, of the wheel is formed of wrought or rolled anglo
iron or steel of the section shown in the detached view Fig. 4. The angle iron or
steel forming the tire, a, is bent into a circular form by any convenient and suitable
uncans after which the ends of such angle iron or steel are united by welding as
usual The depth of the side-flanges a¹ of the tiro a, and the thickness of the
tread a² of such tire a, are proportioned to the weight to be borne by the wheel-
At b, are the spokes or arms each formed of metal of any suitable section and
provided at its outer end with a head or part b¹, provided with projecting parts b², b³,
Through the projecting parts bb, I form holes and through the side flanges a¹ of
the tire a, I form holes corresponding to those in the projecting parts b² b³ through
which holes and those formed in the tire or rim a, aforesaid I pass bolts c, by
means of which bolts c, the arms or spokes b, are secured to the rim or tire a,—
The heads of the bolts c I countersink into the rim or tire a, thereby avoiding
having any projections upon the sides of such tire or rim aforesaid-The nave d. of
the wheel I form of metal and I provide such nave d, with notches or recesses
shewn more clearly in the detached view Fig. 5, which is a side view of the nave d,
aforesaid with the spokes or arms b, shown partly in section.
The said notches or recesses receive the ends b' of the spokes or arms b.
The nave d, is formed with an extended tubular part d' upon which and capablo
of being slidden longitudinally thereon is a washer e, which washer e, is formed
with recesses for receiving the ends b', of the spokes or arms b,-At f, is a nut
formed so as to be capable of being screwed upon screw threads formed upon the
extended tubular part d' of the nave d. The nut when screwed upon the
tubular part d' of the nave d, will force the spokes or arms b, in the direction of
the arrow A. The spokes or arins b, are inade of such length that their ends b' are
in contact with the circumference of the extended tubular part of the nave d,
when such spokes or arms b, and the washer e, are in the position indicated by the
dotted lines B-Upon screwing the nut f, upon the part d' the spokes or arms b,
will by their ends b. being slidden along the circumference of the part d', which
is formed taper between the points d', d³ be forced outward in the direction of
their length, thus binding the rim or tire a, spokes or arins b, nave d, and washer e,
firmly and rigidly together-The sides of the recesses before referred to formed in
the nave d, and washer e, I form inclined, and I also form the ends b', of the
spokes or arms b, embraced by such recesses with inclined sides thus ensuring the
ends b' of the spokes or arms being firmly held between the nave d, and washer c,-
The wheel is mounted upon an axle g.-Upon the nave d, I form screw threads,
upon which is scrowed the cap n for keeping dirt from the axlo g.

page_text: In some cases I secure the outer ends of the spokes or arms to the rim or tire in
the manner shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 6 being a cross section of and Fig 7. a
plan of so much of the rim or tire of a wheel as is requisite to illustrate this
portion of my invention-The rim or tire o. may he of the section shown at Fig 4
above referred to-To the rim or tire o, I secure by bolts p, bracket q, such
brackets g, having openings or recesses, formed therein into which recesses the
ends of the spokes or arms r, pass and are secured by wedges or by other suitable
means.
Instead of forming the part q. separate from the tie or rim o, and securing such
parts g to the said tire or rim o, by bolting or rivetting I may form the said paris q
in one piece with the tire or rim o, during the process of the manufacture of the
said tire or rim o.
In some cases I form the tire or rim of the wheel of the section shown at o¹,
Fig 7 which is a cross section of the tire or rim of a wheel and Fig 7b is a plan
thereof. The end of the spoke or arm b³, I form with extended parts bª, 6ª, in which
are formed holes through which holes and through holes formed through the tire or
rim pass bolts provided with nuts by which bolts the spokes or arms are secured to
the tire or rim o².
In some cases where the wheel being constructed is intended to support heavy
londs I propese to form the tire or rim of a section such as is shown by Fig. 8, or
with the addition of struts s, as shewn in Figs 9. 10-Fig 10 being a plan of
Fig 9. tlic struts 8, serving to give additional strength to the tire or rim.
In some cases I employ a tire or rim formed of a section, such as is shown in the
detached view Fig. 11. such form being more especially adapted to wheels for
vehicles of light construction-This portion of my invention is illustrated by
Figs 12. 13-At t, is the tire or rim formed of metal of the section above referred
to. At are the spokes or arins-The ends u', of such spokes or arms u, are
formed Torked and the sides of the forked ends u, embraco the rib t¹, of the tire or
rim t, and I secure the spokes or arms u, to the tire or rimt by means of bolts v,
which pass through holes formed through the rib t of the tire or rim t, and also
through holes formed through the forked end u¹, of the spokes or arms u,-In some
cases instead of securing the spokes or arms a, to the rin or tire t, aforesaid by
bolts v, the said spokes or arms may be secured to the rim or tire, by rivetting or
by any other convenient and suitable means.-The spokes or arins u, in wheels
intended to be used in conjunction with vehicles of light construction I place
alternately on each side of a plane C. D, intersecting the nave w. at or about the
middle point of the length of such nave w, at right angles to the axis of the said
nave w, but for convenience of illustration I have shown the spokes as being
opposite to each other in pairs.
Upon the nave w. and extending from each side thereof are tubular parts w¹ w²,—
Upon the part w¹ and capable of being slidden longitudinally thereon is a collar .
Upon the part w and capable of being slidden longitudinally thereon is a
collar y-Upon the outsides of the parts ww2 respectively are formed screw-
threads respectively which screw threads are provided with screw nuts z, 1
respectively. By means of the nut, the collar x. may be forced in the direction
of the arrow E and by means of the nut 1, the collar, may be forced in the
direction of the arrow F, so as to thrust the spokes or arms u, in the direction of
the arrows E F. in a manner similar to that herein before described in reference
to Fig. 2 for the purpose of rigidly securing the rim or tire t, spokes or arms ut, and
nave w. together.
In some cases instead of employing two nuts 2, 1 as shewn in reference to
Figs 12, 13. I employ one nut only This method of applying my invention is
shewn by Fig. 14. At 2 is the tire or rim formed of metal of the section above
referred to in reference to Fig. 11-At 3 are the spokes or arms-The ends 3° of
such spokes or arins 3 are formed forked and the sides of the forked ends 3º,
embrace the rib 2º, of the tire or rim 2 and I secure the spokes or arms 3 to the
tire 2. by means of bolts 4 which pass through holes formed through the rib 2ª of

page_text: the tire or rim 2. and also through holes formed through the forked ends 3 of the
spokes or arms 3.-In some cases instead of securing the spokes or arms 3 to the
rim or tire 2 aforesaid by bolts 4. the said spokes or arms 3, may be secured to
the rim or tire 2, by rivetting or any by other convenient and suitable means.
The spokes or arms 3, in wheels intended to be used in conjunction with vehicles
of light construction I place alternately on each side of a plane G. H intersecting
the nave 5 at or about the middle point of the length of such nave 5, at right
angles to the axis of the said nave 5.
The nave 5 of the wheel I forin with an extended tubular portion 5º-Upon the
tubular part 5ª of the navo 5, and capable of being slidden longitudinally thereon
are collars 6, 7 The ends 3b, of the spokes or arms 3, upou ono side of the wheel
are embraced within recesses formed in the collar G, and nave 5, one half of each
of such recesses being formed in the nave 5 and the other half of each of tho
recesses aforesaid is formed in the side of the collar 6. The remaining end of
the collar 6, is formed with recesses and the adjacent end of the Collar 7, is also
formed with recesses such recesses receiving the ends 3° of the spokes or arms 3,-
Upon the outside of the tubular extended part 50 of the Nave 5 are formed screw-
threads and capable of being screwed thereon is a Nut 8-The spokes or arms 3
are made of such length that their ends 3b 30, will be in contact with the outer
surface of the tubular extended part 5ª of the Navo 5 when the spokes 3 are in the
position indicated by the dotted lines J. K. and the Collars 6, 7, and Nut 8, are in
their corresponding positions-Upon screwing the Nut 8 upon the part 5ª the
collar 7 and the collar C will be forced in the direction of the Arrow L, thereby
causing the spokes or arms 3 to be thrust outwards and forced against the tire or
rim 2, thereby causing the Nave 5, collar 6, collar 7, Nut 8 spokes or arms 3 and
tiro or rim 2 to be held rigidly together-The Nave 5 of the wheel is prevented
from moving longitudinally upon the axle 9 by means of the collar 10 and pin 11.
and collar 12 or other suitable means.
Upon the Nave 5 I place a cap 6, and guard 6º, such cap 6 and guard 6ª, being
secured to the said Nave by means of screw threads or in any other convenient
and suitable manner.
If it be desired to form the tread of the rim or tire of greater width in proportion
to the diameter of the wheel than that shewn in Fig 14 the metal formning tho
rim or tire may be of the section shewn in Fig 14° or of the section shewn in
Fig 14b.
I also propose in some cases to insert elastic material such as leather or other
elastic material between the spokes of the wheels aforesaid and the Naves to which
they are secured and I also propose in some cases to insert leather or other elastic
material between the spokes or arms and the tires or rims to which such spokes or
arms are secured for preventing such spokes or arms from becoming loose by being
subjected to jolting or jarring arising from ordinary use.
In some cases to impart a slight amount of elasticity to wheels constructed as
above described I in some cases insert between the spokes or arms and the rim or
tire or Nave and between the Nuts above referred to and the spokes or arms
packings of leather or other suitable elastic material.
Figures 15 and 16 Fig. 15 being a front view and Fig. 16 a vertical cross section
taken on the line NO of Fig. 15, show so much of the rim or tire and spokes or
arms of a wheel as is requisite to illustrate this portion of iny invention.
The ends 15 of the spokes or arms 15, I form forked so that they embrace the
part 16 of the tire or rin 16 and upon the ends of the forked portions 15 of the
spokes or arms 15 I forin extended parts 15 the end surfaces of which part 15b
are parallel with the inner surface of the tire or rim 16 between the inside of the
forked portions 15b and the part 16% I interpose some elastic material 17, such as
leather india-rubber or other suitable material-The ends 15ª of the spokes or
arms 15 I retain in their radial position upon the rim or tire 16 by means of the
brackets 18 seen more clearly in fig. 17 which is a plan taken on the line P. Q. of
fig. 15 which brackets 18 embrace the forked ends 15 of the spokes or arms 15.

page_text: such brackets 18 being secured to the tire or rim 16 by the rivets 19 or by any
other convenient and suitable means.
The above described constructions of Naves may be used in conjunction with
rims or tires of any of the sections herein before referred to.
Although I have herein before described wheels constructed according to my
invention as being applied to and secured upon one kind of axle only in one
manner I would have it understood that wheels constructed according to my
invention may be applied to any kind of axle now in use and may be secured
thercon in any suitable and convenient manner.
I would also state that the tires or rims herein before referred to may if desired
be rolled bevel as is usual in some classes of wheels now in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
Firstly. The methods hereinbefore described of securing the spokes or arms of
the wheels of carts carriages and other vehicles when such wheels are constructed
of metal to the tires or rims of such wheels aforesaid substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn in reference to and in and by the drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly. The methods herein before described of securing the spokes or arms of
the wheels of carts carriages and other vehicles when such wheels are constructed
of metal to the Naves of such wheels aforesaid substantially as herein before
described and shewn in reference to and in and by the drawings hereunto annexed.
Thirdly The methods herein before described of securing the spokes or arms of
the wheels of curts carriages and other vehicles when such wheels are constructed
of metal to the naves and rims or tires of such wheels aforesaid substantially as
herein before described and shewn in reference to and in and by the drawings
hereunto-annexed. .
Fourthly The methods herein before described of rendering slightly elastic the
wheels of Carts Carriages and other vehicles when such wheels are constructed of
metal substantially in the manner herein before described and shewn in reference to
and in and by the drawings hereunto annexed.
Fifthly In constructing wheels of carts carriages and other vehicles substantially
as herein before described and shewn, the use of iron or steel of sections substantially
as hereinbefore described and shewn in reference to and in and by the drawings
hereunto annexed.
Dated this fourteenth day of October 1884