A NEW SYSTEM OF GEERING, WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO LATHES, PLANING, DRILLING, SHAPING, AND SCREWING MACHINES, AND ALSO APPLICABLE IN ALL CASES WHERE AN EXTRA PURCHASE OR CONCENTRATION OF MECHANICAL POWER IS REQUIRED
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Heap at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1809.
I, JOSHUA HEAP, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Tool Maker and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW SYSTEM OF GEERING, WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO LATHES,
PLANING, DRILLING, SHAPING, AND SCREWING MACHINES, AND ALSO APPLICABLE
IN ALL CASES WHERE AN EXTRA PURCHASE OR CONCENTRATION OF MECHANICAL
POWER IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a now and improved mode or modes of
obtaining a slow motion, and consequently a corresponding increase of
purchase or mechanical power applicable to lathes, planing, drilling,
shaping, and screwing machines, and also applicable to other machines
in which such increase of mechanical power is required.
It consists in the application, adaptation, variation, and modification
of a certain Invention described by the late James White, C.E., in his
Century of Iuceations, published in the year of our Lord 1822, and

page_text: described at page 74 under the title of a "Perpetual Wedge Machine."
To make this apparatus applicable to my present purpose, I arrange,
modify, and combine it with a wheel, drum, or speed pulley running
louse on the shaft spindle or axis to which the slow motion is to be
communicated.
My first modification and arrangement consists in the application of
two internal toothed wheels of the same diameter, or thereabouts, one of
which has one, two, or more teeth more than the other. These two wheels
are placed on the shaft, spindle, or axis to which the slow motion is to be
communicated, and with which they are concentric. One of the said
wheels is keyed on to the said shaft, spindle, or axis, and the other is
loose and is prevented from turning round by being attached to the frame-
work of the apparatus. The wheel, drum, or speed pulley runs loose on
the shaft, spindle, or axis, and has on its boss an eccentric which carries
an external toothed,wheel. This external toothed wheel geers into both
the internal toothed wheels, and is consequently about as broad on the
tooth as both of them together. The two internal toothed wheels, the
external toothed wheel, and excentric are so. modified, constructed, and
arranged as to be enclosed in the interior of the wheel, drum, or speed
pulley, which is made hollow for that purpose, and which receives motion
from the first mover. When the whole is complete for work nothing is
therefore seen of this mechanism except the rim of the internal toothed
wheel, which is provented from turning round by reason of its connexion'
with the framework of the apparatus.
My second modification and arrangement consists likewise of two
internal toothed wheels, but these wheels may vary in diameter, and
likewise in the number and pitch of the teeth which they contain, which
circumstances are to be regulated according to the purpose to which the
apparatus is to be applied. They are placed on. tho shaft, spindle, or
axis to which the slow motion is to be communicated, and with which
they are concentric. One of the wheels is keyed on to the said shaft,
spindle, or axis, whilst the other is loose, and is prevented from turning
round by being attached to the framework of the apparatus. The wheel,
drum, or speed pulley runs loose on the shaft, spindle, or axis, and has
on its boss two eccentrics (placed in opposite positions to each other on
the boss), cach of which carries an external toothed wheel. One of
these external toothed wheels goers into the internal toothed wheel,
which is fixed and does not revolve, and the other one geers into the

page_text: internal toothed wheel which is keyel on to the shaft, spindle, or axis to
which the slow motion is to be communicated. These external toothed
wheels must vary in diameter as required, and aro connected together by
incans of pins, studs, or snugs, on which revolvo eccentric pulleys or
rollers; these eccentric pulleys play in circular holes which are provided
in one or both the external toothed wheels; but instead of this arrange-
ment I sometimes uso an oscillating plate placed betwixt the two
external toothed wheels, on which aro pins, studs, or snugs which
play in slots in each of these wheels. These two internal toothed
wheels, the two external toothed wheels, and two eccentrics are so
modified, constructed, and arranged as to be enclosed in the interior
of the wheel, drum, or speed pulley (which is made hollow for that
purpose) which receives motion from the first mover. When the whole
is completo for work nothing is therefore seen of this mechanism except
the rim of the internal toothed wheel, which is prevented from turning
round by reason of its connexion with the framework of the apparatus.
My third modification and arrangement consists in the application of
a single internal toothed wheel which is koyed on to the shaft, spindle,
or axis to which the slow motion is to be communicated. Into this
internal toothed wheal is geered an external toothed wheel which has
one, two, or more teeth less in its circumference than the internal
toothed wheel. The external toothed wheel is connected to a cross
slide, which allows it to move to a certain extent in every direction,
but not to turn round, except as the cross slide itself turns round.
The cross slide I generally support from a carrier plate attached to the
framework of the machine or apparatus, but a certain amount of motion
may be communicated to it when required. On a boss in the interior
of the wheel, drum, or speed pulley is keyed an eccentric which
acts in a hole or recess in the external toothed wheel, and with tho
outside circumference of which it is concentric. The wheel, drum, or
speed pulley is made hollow, so as to contain within it the internal
toothed wheel, the external toothed wheel, the cross slide, carrier plate,
and eccentric, no part of which is seen from the outside, except the rim
of the carrier plate.
My fourth modification and arrangement consiste likewise in the
application of a single internal toothed wheel which is keyed on to the
shaft, spindle, or axis to which the slow motion is to be communicated.
Into this internal toothed wheel is gccred one, two, three, or more

page_text: pinions, which turn on their own axes or pivots in holes or bearings in
a pair of carrier plates which is loose on the shaft, spindle, or axis. At
one end of these axes or pivots is fixed a crank or eccentric. These
cranks or eccentrics play in holes in an oscillating plate which is
actuated by the eccentric on the boss of the wheel, drum, or speed
pulley which receives motion from the first mover. The pair of carrier
plates are prevented from turning round by being connected to the
framework of the apparatus. The wheel, drum, or speed pulley is made
hollow, so as to contain within it the internal toothed wheel, the
pinions, carrier plate or plates, oscillating plate, and eccentrics, no part
of which is seen from the outside, except the rim of the carrier plate.
I would observe that instead of using toothed wheels in these several
modifications I occasionally use contact friction wheels as a substitute
in cases where the latter are more eligible.
From this description the modes of action of these several com-
binations and modifications will be easily understood. Motion being
communicated to the wheel, drum, or speed pulley, it is modified and
transmitted to the shaft, spindle, or axis with diminished velocity,
according to the construction and calculation of the several parts; but
when what is called single speed or single purchase is required this is
effected by simply releasing the fixed wheel, cross slide, or carrier plate
(as the case may bc) from its attachment to the framework of the
apparatus, and sliding a pin or stud so as to connect the several parts
together, which then act as a simple wheel, drum, or speed pulley.
The oiling of the apparatus is effected by means of an oil hole in one of
the outside rims from which proceeds a tube to the central axis. From
this point the oil is distributed through the whole of the mechanism by
the centrifugal force when the apparatus is in motion, whilst by the
construction of the apparatus all dust or dirt is prevented from entering.