IM- PROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS PASSING THROUGH A DOORWAY OR ENTRY, OR PAST ANY GIVEN POINT, AND FOR DETER- MINING THE AMOUNT OF FARES PAID BY OMNIBUS, TRAM CAR, AND OTHER PASSENGERS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Frederick Hayes, of Albert Buildings, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS PASSING
THROUGH A DOORWAY OR ENTRY, OR PAST ANY GIVEN POINT, AND FOR DETER-
MINING THE AMOUNT OF FARES PAID BY OMNIBUS, TRAM CAR, AND OTHER
PASSENGERS."
Sealed the 19th February 1878, and dated the 31st August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Frederick Hayes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1877.
CHARLES FREDERICK HAYES, of Albert Buildings, Queen Victoria Street, in the
City of London, Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER
OF PERSONS PASSING THROUGH A DOORWAY OR ENTRY, OR PAST ANY GIVEN POINT,
AND FOR DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF FARES PAID BY OMNIBUS, TRAM CAR, AND
OTHER PASSENGERS."
The chief object of this Invention is to register the number of passengers admitted
to omnibuses and tram cars, and to record the course or section of the route which
they travel, and thereby to provide the means for calculating the amount of fares
paid during each journey of the vehicle.
Supposing the Invention to be applied to an ordinary omnibus, each place of
access to the seats of the vehicle, whether inside or out, is guarded by a turnstile,
the arms of which are jointed to permit of their rising and falling out of the way as
the turnstile is rotated by the passage of the traveller to or from the vehicle.
The turnstile which commands the entrances to the interior of the omnibuses is
aituate just within the doorway, and stands about breast high, so that the arms of
the turnstile when horizontal may bar the entrance. Supposing four arms to be
used, they are jointed to the ends of a cruciform frame, which is mounted loosely on
a vertical spindle. This frame is enclosed in a circular box fixed to the framing of
the omnibus, and the box is formed with a cam groove, through which the arms of
Dron 077

page_text: the turnstile project. The form of the groove is such that it will cause the arms in
their revolution to move horizontally for, say, one sixth of their course, and thus
bar the passage, and then to rise out of the way and move round in a vertical
position.
A axial motion is imparted to the turnstile by the pressure of the passenger
against the opposing arm, and that both on entering and leaving the vechicle.
The shaft on which the cruciform frame is loosely mounted passes through a short
hollow sleeve shaft, and it is fitted at its lower end with a spur pinion, and at its
upper end with a ratchet wheel, which stands immediately above the cruciform
frame. Similarly the hollow shaft is fitted with a ratchet wheel immediately
below the cruciform frame, and at its lower end with a spur pinion.
The frame, constituting with its jointed arms the turnstile, carries on its upper
side a pawle in gear with the upper ratchet wheel, and at its under side a second pawle
which takes into the lower ratchet wheel. The teeth of these two wheels are set in
opposite directions, so that the two shafts will turn the one when the turnstile
moves inwards to admit a passenger, and the other when the turnstile moves
outwards for his exit. These shafts by means of gearing are caused each to
give an intermitted axial motion to a circular table, which carries an indicator card
graduated and numbered to suit the greatest possible number of passengers which
the omnibus would receive during one journey. One of these cards will indicate
the number of passengers entering, and the other the number leaving the vechicle.
Fitted above each card is a travelling marker, which as the vehicle moves
forward is forced inwards towards the centre of its table. This motion is effected
by means of a cam which receives rotary motion from one of the running wheels.
The cam is so formed relatively to the sections of the route that when one section
is performed it will allow the two markers to spring back and make a radial mark
on the face of the cards, indicating the point of the journey reached. If now two
.or more passengers leave at this point of the journey the marker will strike an arc
on the card extending from one division to another, the number corresponding to
the number of passengers leaving the vehicle. Similarly the number of passengers
entering will be indicated on the other card, and form a record for future reference.
When the omnibus recommences its journey the continued rotation of the cam
will force the markers inwards until the next section of the journey is completed.
The markers will then, being released from the pressure of the cam, return to their
normal positions, and in doing so make a second radial mark on the indicator cards.
When passengers alight or enter the vehicle the same action of the markers will
take place, as before explained.
To guard the access to the roof of the vehicle, and also to the front seat, turn-
stiles are provided with mechanism, such as that above described, the cams for
working the markers being driven through jointed shafting receiving an axial notion
from one of the running wheels. In these instances it is preferred so to arrange
the cam groove of the turnstile boxes that the arms of the turnstile shall drop
instead of rise out of the way of the passenger.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Frederick Hayes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th
February 1878.
CHARLES FREDERICK HAYES, of Albert Buildings, Queen Victoria Street, in the
City of London, Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER
OF PERSONS PASSING THROUGH A DOORWAY OR ENTRY, OR PAST ANY GIVEN POINT,
AND FOR DETERMINING THE AMOUNT OF FARES PAID BY OMMIBUS, TRAM CAR, AND
OTHER PASSENGERS."
The chief object of this Invention is to register the number of passengers
admitted to omnibuses and tram cars, and to record the course or section of the
route which they travel, and thereby to provide the means for calculating the
amount of fares paid during each journey of the vehicle.
Supposing the Invention to be applied to an ordinary omnibus, each place of
access to the seats of the vehicle, whether inside or out, is guarded by a turnstile,
the arms of which are jointed to permit of their rising or falling out of the way as
the turnstile is rotated by the passage of the traveller to or from the vehicle.
The rotation of the turnstile is by means of gearing transmitted to two circular
tables, which are furnished with indicator cards graduated and numbered to suit
the greatest number of passengers which the omnibus would receive during one
journey. One of these cards will indicate the number of passengers entering, and
the other the number leaving the vehicle, a travelling marker being fitted above
each card, and moved inwards radially a short distance as the vehicle is performing
its journey, and when given distances are accomplished, suddenly returning to their
normal positions. This motion of the markers over their respective cards will, so
long as the cards are quiescent, produce a radial mark, but when the cards are
rotated by reason of the entrance or exit of a passenger from or to the vehicle the
marker of the rotating card will describe an arc. The arc will indicate on the one
card the entrance of a passenger, and on the other card the exit of a passenger, and
the return of the markers to their normal positions will indicate the commencement
of a fresh section of the journey, and consequently an increase of fare chargeable to
the passengers.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shown the Invention as applied to an
omnibus for receiving inside and outside passengers, there being one turnstile for
the inside passengers to pass, two turnstiles for the passengers to pass to gain the
roof seats, and two for them to pass to gain the outside front seats.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an omnibus fitted according to this Invention;
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same, and Fig. 3 is a plan view of the omnibus.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation on an enlarged scale of the mechanism for imparting
rotary motion to the indicator tables from the turnstile.
Fig. 5 is an elevation partly in section of the turnstile, and gearing the same,
being taken at right angles to Fig. 4, and showing one of the markers and the means
for working the same.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of the turntable, and Fig. 7 a plan view of the box which
contains the indicator tables and markers, and the mechanism for operating the
same.
The turnstile which commands the entrance to the interior of the omnibus is
situate just within the doorway and stands about breast high, so that the arms of
the turnstile when horizontal may bar the entrance. Supposing four arms to be
used (as indicated in the Drawing) they are jointed to the ends of a cruciform
frame A (Figures 4, 5, and 6), which is mounted loosely on a vertical shaft B. This
frame is enclosed in a circular box D., fixed to the framing of the omnibus, and the
box is formed with a cam groove & (see Figures and 6) through which the arms A¹
of the turnstile project. The form of the groove is such that it will cause the arms
in their revolution to move horizontally for, say, one sixth of their course, and thus

page_text: bar the passage, and then to rise out of the way and move round in a vertical
position.
An axial motion is imparted to the turnstile by the pressure of the passenger
against the opposing horizontal arm, and that both on entering and leaving the vehicle.
The shaft B on which the cruciform frame A is loosely mounted passes through a
hollow sleeve shaft C, and enters the box E in which are situate the indicator
tables F, F, the markers G, G¹, and the mechanism for working the same. Keyed
to the lower end of the shaft B is a spur pinion b, and to its upper end a ratchet
wheel b, which stands immediately above the cruciform frame. Similarly the
hollow shaft C is fitted with a ratchet wheel c¹ immediately below the cruciform
frame, and at its lower end with a spur pinion c.
The frame A, constituting with its jointed arms the turnstile, carries on its upper
side a pawle a in gear with the upper ratchet wheel b¹, and at its under side a
second pawle a', which takes into the lower ratchet wheel c¹. The teeth of these
two wheels are set in opposite directions, so that the two shafts B and C will turn,
the one when the turnstile moves inwards to admit a passenger, and the other
when the turnstile moves outwards for his exit. In gear with the pinions 6 and o
are spur wheels h and i, the former of which is keyed to a sleeve H, and the latter
to a short shaft I. The sleeve H carries at its lower end a pinion h¹, and the shaft I,
which has a bearing in the bottom of the box E, carries a pinion 2¹. These pinions
gear respectively into spur teeth formed on the peripheries of the indicator
tables F, F¹.
It will now be understood that as the turnstile is moved the shafts B and C will
be caused to give an intermittent axial motion to the tables F, F', with which they
are respectively connected. These tables each carry an indicator card graduated
and numbered, as shown in the diagram, Fig. 8, the figures on the cards repre-
senting the greatest number of passengers which the omnibus would receive during
one journey.
Fitted above these cards are the travelling markers G, G', which consist severally
of a sliding bar working in a fixed guide box containing a spring for retracting the
bar when released from endway pressure. This rod carries at its forward end a
tube for receiving a pencil, which is held down to the card by a spring propeller
contained in the tube. The markers as the vehicle moves forward are forced
inwards towards the centre of their respective tables by means of a cam K, which
receives rotary motion from one of the running wheels. This cam is so speeded as
to complete one rotation by the time the vehicle has completed one journey, and it
is so formed relatively to the sections of the route, that when one section is performed
it will allow the two markers to spring back and make a radial mark on the face of
the cards indicating the point of the journey reached. If now one, two, or more
passengers leave at this point of the journey, the number, say G, will strike an arc
on the card of the table F, such mark extending from one division to another, the
divisions passing under the marker corresponding to the number of passengers
leaving the vehicle. Similarly the number of passengers entering will be indicated
on the card of the table F¹ by the marker G' striking an arc over a number of
divisions corresponding to the number of passengers admitted, thus forming a record
for future reference.
When the omnibus recommences its journey the continued rotation of the cam K
will force the marker gradually inwards until the next section of the journey is
completed. The markers will then (being released from the pressure of the cam)
return to their normal positions, and in doing so make a second radial mark on the
indicator cards. Thus as the passengers alight or enter the vehicle the markers will
record the fact upon the cards, which will form a reference for the auditors of the
omnibus conductor's accounts.
To guard the access to the roof of the vehicle, and also to the front seat, turnstiles
are provided, as shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3. Each of these turnstiles I fit with
mechanism, such as that above described, the cams for working the markers being
driven from the cam shaft L, Fig. 5, the motion of which is transmitted through

page_text: jointed shafting N; this shaft L receives its axial motion from the running wheels M,
Fig. 2, through spur and worm gearing, shewn also in Figures 1 and 3. Keyed to
this shaft is the cam K for propelling the markers forward. To prevent the back
motion of the vehicle acting upon the cam K the wheel M imparts motion to the
gearing through a pawle and ratchet wheel or equivalent contrivance, which will
only act when the vehicle is moving forward.
The jointed shafting N before mentioned is connected by a ball-and-socket joint
to the shaft L, and, as shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, it leads up to the turnstile
which projects the left-hand roof seat. The motion is taken thence by a horizontal
shaft O to the shaft carrying the cam K of the turnstile at the left-hand end of the
front seat. A transverse shaft P by suitable gearing transmits the motion to the
cam of the turnstile at the right-hand end of the driver's seat; and in like manner
by a horizontal shaft Q and suitable gearing, this motion is communicated to the
cam K of the turnstile, which guards the entrance to the right-hand roof seat.
The boxes of the turnstiles for the outside passengers it is preferred to arrange, as
respects their cam grooves, so that the arms of the turnstile shall drop instead of
rising out of the way of the passenger; this is illustrated at Figures 1 and 2.
It should be remarked that the boxes E of the several indicators are secured by a
lock to prevent access to the cards by persons not authorized to remove and replace
them; this will be required to be done at the end of each journey, and when
removed the cards should be endorsed with the name of the conductor, and
secured together in pairs so that the two will serve as a check, the one on the
other.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improved Apparatus for
Registering the Number of Persons Passing through a Doorway or Entry, or past
any given Point, and for Determining the Amount of Fares Paid by Omnibus, Tram
Car, and other Passengers," and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent, I claim,—
First. The combination of indicator card tables rotated by a turnstile or its
equivalent, with reciprocating markers propelled by cams, which receive their motion
from mechanism adapted to measure distance or time, as and for the purpose above
set forth.
Second. The construction of turnstile and cam box, as above described, whereby
the arms are caused to move from a horizontal to a vertical position, for the purpose
above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Frederick Hayes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
C. F. HAYES. (L.S.)