IMPROVED CONSTRUC- TION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND ECONO- MIZING FUEL.
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVED CONSTRUC-
TION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND ECONO-
MIZING FUEL. A communication from abroad by François Coignet, of 17,.
Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd April 1876.
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent. IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR GENE-
RATING STEAM AND ECONOMIZING FUEL. A communication from abroad by François
Coignet, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
This Invention relates to steam generators without boiler body and with separate
fire-place or gas receptacle which I call "gazogene." The generator is heated by an
inverted or reversed flame. It is composed of two portions enclosed in brickwork;
the first portion contains the fire-place and gas receptacle, and the second portion
the generator, consisting of a number or cluster of vertical tubes. These two portions
are connected together at a right angle by passages.
•
Combustible matter is introduced into the gazogene from the top of the fire-place
through an opening which may be closed by a cone or other arrangement. In the
body and arch of the gazogene are passages for the admission of cold air. This air
becomes heated on coming in contact with the inner sides of the passages receiving
heat from the fire-place. The air thus heated is carried to the arched roof of the
gazogene and from thence through passages which divide it into parallel strata or
layers. On leaving these passages the air mixes with the carbonic oxide and its
rapid combustion is produced.
Alternate passages for heated air and carbonic oxide are provided between the
gazogene and generator by means of parallel partitions. The alternate and parallel
strata of air and gas issuing therefrom produce perfect combustion and high
emperature.
The cold air admitted to the gazogene may be regulated by dampers to increase,
iminish, or suppress it entirely. A door beneath the fire-bars allows total or partial
ccess of cold air

page_text: .
At starting the apparatus--the-gas arising from the combustion passes into a
chimney till the heat from the tuyere be high enough, and the heating of the gas
is instantly accomplished on bringing the air in contact with carbonic oxide.
The flame passes through the passages connecting the gazogene to the generator
and enters at the upper part and circulates around the vertical tubes containing
water and heats the water therein. The burnt products of combustion escape
from the generator on the opposite side and at the lower part thereof into a passage
which leads them to a chimney. Above and below the vertical tubes are iron half
cylinders bound together by these tubes and the tube plates. The upper half
cylinder holds water and steam, and the lower one water only. This generator
having no boiler body a sufficient thickness must be given to the half cylinders
to resist all pressure. The iron body is replaced by the brick wall.
.
A dome or receiver placed at the top of the generator and above the upper
half cylinder receives the steam as generated. From this it passes through pipes
to be utilized.
1
All connection between the gazogene and generator can be cut off by means of a
damper. A door kept closed by its own weight is contrived in the brick wall of
the generator and it can be easily opened by the accumulation of gas.
The lost heat from the walls of the fire-place or furnace is utilized by causing
cold air coming from below to circulate through the walls and to become heated by
licking the walls. The air reaches the tuyeres in crossing the arch and is thus
raised to a high temperature and assists combustion of the carbonic oxide. Dampers
at the lower part of the fire-place regulate the admission of the air.
By this arrangement of apparatus the smoke is entirely consumed, and the
necessary quantity of air is brought back in a great measure, also all loss of car-
bonic oxide not burnt is avoided, and further the lost heat taken through the
bricks in passing in cold air to the interior of the walls of the arch and tuyere
is utilized, consequently a great economy of fuel is obtained and a larger quantity
of steam is produced.
This gazogene is also applicable for numerous industrial uses, and it can also be
employed for domestic purposes, as for instance, for heating ovens.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernest de Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th October
1876.
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS
FOR GENERATING STEAM AND ECONOMIZING FUEL." A communication from abroad
by François Coignet, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
This Invention relates to steam generators without boiler body and with separate
fire-place or gas receptacle, which I call "gazogene." The generator is heated by an
inverted, reversed, or reverberating flame.
It is composed of two portions enclosed in brickwork, the first portion contains
the fire-place and gas receptacle, and the second portion the generator, consisting of
a number or cluster of vertical tubes. These two portions are connected together at
a right angle by passages.
Combustible matter is introduced into the gazogene from the top of the fire-
place through an opening, which may be closed by a cone or other arrangement.
In the body and arch of the gazogene are passages for the admission of atnio-
spheric air, which becomes rarefied on coming in contact with the inner sides of
the passages receiving heat from the exterior of the fire-place. The air thus heated
is carried to the arch and from thence through passages which divide it into parallel
strata or layers. On leaving these passages the air mixes with the carbonic oxide
and its rapid combustion is produced.

page_text: Alternate passages for heated air and carbonic oxide are provided between the
gazogene and generator by means of parallel partitions. The alternate and parallel
strata of air and gas issuing therefrom produce perfect combustion and high
temperature.
The atmospheric air admitted to the gazogene may be regulated by dampers to
increase, diminish, or suppress it entirely.
At starting the apparatus the gas arising from the combustion passes into a
chimney or uptake till the heat from the tuyere be high enough, and the heat of
the gas is instantly accomplished on bringing the air in contact with the 'carbonic
oxide.
The flame passes through the passages connecting the gazogene to the generator
and enters at the upper part and circulates around the vertical tubes containing
water and heats the water therein. The burnt products of combustion escape from
the generator on the opposite side and at the lower part thereof into a passage which
leads to a chimney. Above and below the vertical tubes are iron half cylinders
bound together by these tubes and the tube plates. The upper half cylinder
contains water and steam, and the lower one water only. This generator having
no boiler body a sufficient thickness must be given to the half cylinders to resist
all pressure. The iron body is replaced by the brick wall.
A dome or receiver placed at the top of the generator and above the upper half
cylinder receives the steam as generated. From this it passes through pipes to be
utilized.
All connection between the gazogene and generator can be cut off by means of
a damper. A door kept closed by its own weight is contrived in the brick wall
of the generator and can be easily opened by pressure on the accumulation of
gas.
By this arrangement of apparatus the smoke is entirely consumed, and the
necessary quantity of air is brought back in a great measure, also all loss of
carbonic oxide not burnt is avoided, and further the lost heat taken through
the bricks in passing in cold air to the interior of the walls of the arch and tuyers
is utilized, consequently a great economy of fuel is obtained and a large quantity
of steam is produced.
The heat from the walls of the fire-place or furnace which would otherwise be
allowed to escape is utilized by causing the air coming from below to circulate
through the walls and become heated by licking the walls. The air reaches the
tuyeres in crossing the arch, and is thus raised to a high temperature and assists
combustion of the carbonic oxide. Dampers at the lower part of the fire-place
regulate the admission of air.
This gazogene is also applicable for numerous industrial uses, and it can also be
employed for domestic purposes, as for instance for heating ovens, &c.
I now proceed with reference to the annexed Drawings to describe an apparatus
comprising a generator and independent or separate fire-place, which I call
gazogene," and constructed according to the Invention.
<6
Figure 1 is a vertical section of the generator taken on the line A, B, of
Fig. 3.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the fire-place taken on the line C, D, of
Fig. 3.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of the whole apparatus taken on the line E, F, of
Figure 4.
And Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the whole apparatus taken on line G, H, of
Figure 3.
"
1st. The Fire-place or Gazogene."-a, a, is the entire or whole body of
the gazogene fire-place, b, b, are passages for the gas coming from the fire-
place and crossing a kind of tuyere conducting the parallel strata of car-
bonic oxide and hot air out of the apparatus so as to produce combustion
c¹, c¹, are alternate parallel passages or tuyeres for the hot air and carbonic oxide.
Spaces c, c, are provided in the body of the brickwork and in the arch, and are

page_text: destined to receive cold air at the lower part so as to warm.it by its coming into
contact with the bricks receiving heat from the interior of the fire-place, and leading
it to the arch, and from there into the tuyeres c¹.c¹, where it becomes divided into
several parallel strata to meet the oxide of carbon passing out of the tuyeres, and to
produce the combustion of carbonic oxide gas. d, d, are inlets or passages for the
entry of cold air, and regulated by dampers, for increasing, diminishing, or entirely
suppressing its entry. e is a conical feeder through which the fuel or combustible
matter is introduced. It can be replaced by a moveable or rocking plate. 1, 1, are
the grate or fire-bars, and the ash-pit. i, i, i, are sight holes and to enable the
gas passages b, b, to be cleaned from incrustations in the tuyeres caused by the
combustion of the gas. q is a moveable plate oscillating on an axis and capable of
opening itself easily in case of accumulation of the gas and closing by its own weight.
R is a damper for entirely suppressing communication between the" gazogene
and the generator, in order to avoid, in case of stoppage, the accumulation of the
explosive gases in the generator. A draught chimney or uptake S receives the
gases of combustion from the "gazogene" during the starting and until the heat
of the tuyere be high enough, so that the ignition of the gas is instantly accom-
plished on access being given to the air in contact with the carbonic oxide.
a hermetically closed damper. It can be opened at pleasure to give total or partial
access of cold air beneath the grate.
:.
T is
2nd. The Steam Generator or Boiler. f is the steam generator, which is com-
posed of two half cylinders of sheet iron. They are bound together by a series
of vertical tubes arranged in diagonal or in lozenge like manner. The iron body
is dispensed with, and the whole is enclosed in brickwork. g, g, are passages for
the gases of combustion passing to the chimney on leaving the lower part of the
tubes, and is the chimney flue. G is the entrance or passage for the flame at
the upper part of the tubes and combustion chamber. K, K¹, are the two half
cylinders of sheet iron joined together by the tube plates forming stays and supports;
1, 1, are vertical tubes bound together between the two half cylinders K, K¹, by
riveting them on the tube plates forming the diameters. Amongst these tubes
is a certain number of hollow columns forming tubes, and joined together by screws
they constitute a means of strengthening the tubes and the half cylinders, and of
forming a framing or body capable of resisting pressure and expansion. m is the
steam dome or receiver. n are man-holes to permit access into the two cylinders.
o is the brick wall replacing the iron body of the boiler. p is the entrance at the
upper part of the tubes of the burning gases leaving the gazogene fire-place or other
fire-place.
"
ور
Gazogene or Gas Generating Fire-place.-This generator, with vertical tubes
and reverberating flame, also without boiler body, can be heated by an ordinary
fire-place, but then the evils attendant on this kind of fire place will still exist, and
they are absence of smoke burning; access of a larger quantity of air uselessly
employing a great part of the heat produced, or else uselessly allowing loss of oxide
of carbon to escape without being burned; formation of soot and ashes, thus
obstructing the tubes.
With this gazogene all these evils are avoided, and complete smoke burning is
obtained. The exactly necessary quantity of air is admitted. All loss of carbonic
oxide unburnt is suppressed or avoided. The heat taken through the bricks in the
passage of the air to the interior of the walls of the arch and into the tuyere of
the gazogene fire-place is utilized. Consequently a greater utilization of combustible
matter and increased production of a greater quantity of steam per lb. of combustible
matter is obtained and the possibility of constructing apparatus of limited space,
presenting, nevertheless, a larger heating surface by increasing the number of tubes
or by lengthening them is obtained. In fact, the two half cylinders are bound
together by the whole of the tubes and columns which form stays on points very
much brought together in strengthening the whole. The fire within tire-place is
excited by the draught produced by a chimney and by the natural rising of the
hot gases of combustion, which being lighter naturally arrive to the tuyere of com-

page_text: bustion. In utilizing the lost heat from the walls of the fire-place by causing the
air to circulate which comes from the bottom to become heated by licking the walls
and to enter the tuyere in crossing the arch, thus bringing it to a high tempera-
ture, thereby favouring the combustion of the carbonic oxide by regulating the
access of the air by means of dampers placed at the lower part at the entrance for
the cold air, and, lastly, by constructing a tuyere composed of alternate parallel
plates or passages, some of them accessible to the carbonic oxide only, and the
others to the heated air only, in order to bring parallely the alternate and parallel
strata of hot air and carbonic oxide, thus giving rise to perfect combustion to
produce the highest temperature.
It is evident that gazogenes, or apparatus constructed according to this Invention,
can be used not only for heating steam generators, but for numerous industrial
purposes, and also for domestic use by constructing them of smaller size, capable
of heating, by way of example, kitchen ranges of large size.
The principal advantages of this generator with vertical tubes are-
1st. Raising the pressure of the steam to the highest limits desired in generators.
In consequence of there being no boiler body it becomes easy to give to the sheet
iron of the two upper and lower half cylinders a sufficient thickness to resist all
pressure, such resistance becoming greater if steel plates be employed. It is evi-
dent that the size of the gazogene must be in proportion with the fire-place and
with the capacity and the heating surface of the generator.
Several separate
gazogenes may be employed, the two half cylinders being of larger diameter, thus
allowing sufficient space to give acces to the gases of combustion of the two
tuyeres of the two gazogenes or of the flues of two ordinary fire-places.
2nd. By this system of generator without boiler body and with moveable brick
walls the possibity even when working to clean the tubes by taking away the soot
and cinders (if deposited) around them is obtained.
3rd. The possibility of giving to the tubes a greater or lesser length, or of giving
to the half upper and lower cylinders a greater or lesser diameter and length are
also obtained. It therefore results from this that more space between the tubes
can be given, and their number and diameter increased, thus affording a great
advantage to facilitate the cleaning even when in work, and also to increase the
heating surface.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim--
First. The improved construction and arrangement, of apparatus for generating
steam and economizing fuel as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. The generation of steam in a generator constructed as set forth without
boiler body and with moveable brick walls.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest de Pass, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of September in the year One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
F. DOWER,
Patent Office,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
ERNEST DE PASS. (L.S.)