IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR REGULATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GOVERNORS OR REGULATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES." A communication from
abroad by Michel Andrade, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1876.
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR REGULATORS FOR STEAM
ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Michel Andrade, of 17, Boulevart
Saint Martin, Paris, France.
This governor or regulator is composed of three parts, the first of which con-
sists of tho ball levers or suspending rods, to which the balls are attached; the
seoond of connecting arms forming a lozenge or diamond; and third, of a weight or
sleeve.
The upper apex of the lozenge or diamond is fixed or centered on the axis of the
governor or regulator, and the lower apex is capable of movement. The other two
or lateral apexes work in slots or openings in the suspending arms.
The distance from the point of junction of the suspending arms on the axis or
spindle of the governor or regulator should be equal to the sides of the arnis
forming the lozenge or diamond.
The sleeve or weight is applied to the lower apex, and can be worked either
directly or by the intermediary of a lever.
Speed is varied by varying the position of a counterweight placed on the lever;
or a variable counterbalance weight may be employed. Instead of the weight or
sleeve a spring may be used:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernest de Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd June
1876.
ERNEST DE PASS, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR REGULATORS FOR STEAM
ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Michel Andrade, of 17, Boulevart
Saint Martin, Paris, France.
This governor or regulator is composed of three parts, the first of which con-
sists of the ball levers or suspending rods, to which the balls are attached; the
second, of connecting arms forming a lozenge or diamond; and third, of a weight or
sleeve.
The upper apex of the lozenge or diamond is fixed or centered on the axis of the
The other two
governor or regulator, and the lower apex is capable of movement.
or lateral apexes work in slots or openings in the suspending rods.
The distance from the point of junction of the suspending arms on the axis or
spindle of the governor or regulator should be equal to the sides of the arms
forming the lozenge or diamond.
The sleeve or weight is applied to the lower apex, and can be worked either
directly or by the intermediary of a lever.
Speed is varied by varying the position of a counterweight placed on the lever,
or a variable counterbalance weight may be employed. Instead of the weight or
sleeve a spring may be used.
I now proceed with reference to the diagrams and to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings to describe a governor or regulator for steam engines constructed
according to the Invention.
This governor or regulator is composed,—

page_text: w that if half of the force which acts on b be repre-
sented by the line b, d, then this force will determine
on b, c, a tensible force or traction, which is repre-
sented by the length b, c, and this tensible force or
traction must resolve itself into two forces, one force
of which is directed on a, c, and the other on the
normal m, c, to o, L; it will then give for component
in the direction of m, c, a force represented by c, g,
the point g being determined by the intersection
of c, m, with the line b, g, drawn from b parallel
to a, c. In other words, the force which will act
normally on the lever o, L, will be equal to 2 bd
or to
to 11 24 or to
; it will then be seen that the
P¹ m c
4 a
P' g c
weight acting on the sleeve will produce on the ball
levers a momentum proportional to the surface of
the triangle o, m, c.
This momentum has for value,―
The ordinary speed is deducted from the equality of the two momenta previously
considered;
Pl
P
.mc.oc =
α
w³.nl.on.
and replacing mc.oc. and nl. on by the proportional quantities 4 a³ and 12 the
formula becomes
4 a Pl
=
P
g
ws, which can be written w³=-
tag Pl
PP
Suppose now that the weight acting on the sleeve be suppressed, then the
governor or regulator will become an ordinary Watt governor, and the speed of
rotation wo will be given by the formula,-
r² = putting h =on.
Let be the speed of the imaginary isochronal governor herein-before con:
sidered, the centrifugal force being proportional to the square of the speed of
rotation, it will then be seen that if the balls of the governor are not in equi-
librium the governor itself will be in equilibrium at each moment for a speed w,
determined by the rotation w ww, or in designating by-
=
N the number of revolutions per minute of the governor just considered
No ⟫
"
>>
"
33
"
">
"
N₁
"
"
وو
"2
"
>> >> "
imaginary corresponding isco-
chronal governor,
corresponding Watt governor the
relation will be N₁ = N,²+N,²
The square of the number of revolutions is therefore the sum of two terms, one
of which N₁ is independent of the position of the sleeve, and the other N, is
dependent of this position.

page_text: I will now show by a numerical example (borrowed from a governor the working
of which is very satisfactory) that the variation of speed which results from the
variable term may be dispensed with.
On this apparatus the limits of h are 0m 25 and 0m 27, the number of revolu
tions of the isochronal corresponding governor N₁ = 150, it therefore results that
the speed of the apparatus is always included between―.
60
✓ 0.25 (2)² + 1502 and
60
0.27 (2)² + 150,
2-π
that is to say, between 161 and 160 revolutions per minute.
The difference of the
limits of speed is then lower than 10, or 0, 6%. Practically it can be dispensed
with, and more, this defect of absolute isochronism contributes to give to this
governor a stability entirely sufficient.
By varying the position of the counterweight on the lever o¹, K, the speed may
be varied.
The majority of engines should always work at the same speed, but the displace-
ment of the counterweight allows the apparatus to be regulated with great facility.
A variable counterbalance weight can also be employed.
I would also remark that in this imaginary isochronal governor herein-before
considered when the sleeve is displaced under the influence of the variation of the
speed, the force which acts on it remains constant as far as this variation remains
constant.
In the greater part of isochronal governors, when the relative equilibrium is
destroyed, the sleeve is in one direction submitted to a constantly increasing force,
and in the other or contrary direction to a constantly decreasing force; it therefore
results that when it is displaced in the first direction it becomes generally loose,
whilst the displacement in the second direction is often effected too slowly. It is to
this property, and also to the balls of the governor not being in equilibrium, that
I attribute its stability.
This governor is characterized by the lozenge or diamond a, c, b, c¹, arranged as
indicated in Figure 1, and its properties are,-
1st. An isochronism as complete as can be desired.
2nd. A sufficient stability, superior to that of the majority of other isochronal
governors.
3rd. A very large course or revolution.
4th. Extreme simplicity.
Furthermore, it permits the speed to be changed whilst the engine is working by
simply displacing a weight.
Sometimes I substitute a spring for the counterweight P¹.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. A governor or regulator in which connecting arms form a lozenge or
diamond, the upper apex of such arms being fixed or centered on the axis or
spindle, and the lower and side or lateral apexes being capable of movement, sub-
stantially as described.
Second. The employment of a weight or spring in connection with a sleeve
applied to the lower apex of the connecting armis, and worked either directly or by
the intermediary of a lever, such lever being provided with a weight, as and for the
purposes described and illustrated in the Drawings.
Third. The general arrangement and combination of parts as herein-before
described and represented in the Drawings, and constituting the governor or

page_text: regulator, by which complete isochronism, sufficient stability, and a large course of
revolution are obtained.
In witness whereof I, the said Ernest de Pass, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of June, in the year One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six.
Vitness,
H. MAUTHÉ,
Patent Office,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
ERNEST DE PASS. (L.S.)