IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CARE, AND IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR PRESSING AND MOULDING THE SAME, WHICH MACHINERY AND PROCESSES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURING OF OTHER ARTICLES PROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1846

page_text: LONGBOTTOM'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE-PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
LONGBOTTOM, of Edward Street, Leeds, Mechanist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of March, in the ninth year of Her
reign; did, for Herself; Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me;
the said John Longbottom, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power; sole privilege and authority; that I, the said John Long
bottom, my exors; admors; and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Longbottom, my exors; admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend;
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CARE, AND IN MACHINERY AND
PROCESSES FOR PRESSING AND MOULDING THE SAME, WHICH MACHINERY AND
PROCESSES ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURING OF OTHER ARTICLES
PROM PLASTIC MATERIALS;" in "which said Letters Patent is contained a pro-
viso that I; the said John Longbottom, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six talendar months next and immediately after the date of the said-in part

page_text: recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear..
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Longbottom, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists,
First, of manufacturing oil cakes by combining linseed and rice, rice meal,
and the bran or offal obtained in the dressing of rice.
Secondly, my Invention consists of manufacturing oil cake by combining
maize or Indian corn and linseed; and,
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in machinery for pressing
and moulding oil cake and other articles from plastic materials.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me. And-
First, in respect to the manufacture of oil cake, which consists in com-
bining linseed with the products of rice. These matters may be mixed in
various proportions, but I prefer that they should be so mixed that the whole,
or as nearly so as may be, of the oil in the linseed, shall be absorbed by the rice
or rice meal, or bran or offal of rice. The mixture which I prefer is about
two thirds of the bran or offal obtained from paddy or rough rice in dressing
rice, to one third of linseed, although the whole of the products of rice may
be used when the price of rice will justify such use. I generally only use the
bran or meal, or offal of rice. In using the linseed the same is to be ground
as if about to press oil therefrom; and I have found it a convenient mode of
proceeding to cause the bran or meal of rice and linseed to be first mixed, and
then to cause the mixture to be ground; or the linseed may be ground sepa-
rately, and then mixed with the bran, in which case a pug mill will be found
a convenient machine for blending these matters. To these combined matters
I apply boiling water at the rate of about one gallon for every one hundred
and sixty to two hundred pounds of the mixture, which water is to be stirred
well into the mixture, and then the. preparation is in a state to be pressed into
any desired shapes as cakes for sale. This may be done by any suitable moulds,
and pressed; or in place of moulds the same may be pressed between metal
plates, in which case I prefer that the plates should be corrugated, and the
cakes thus produced are then to be piled to dry in a well-ventilated room or
building. I would remark, that in addition to the mixture above described the

page_text: bran and meal of maize or Indian corn or of grain or seeds, may be
employed, but I prefer the mixture above mentioned. And I would state
that presses and moulds, such as have before been used, are applicable to the
carrying out the first part of my Invention; but I can in place thereof use the
pressing and moulding machinery, which constitutes the third part of my
Invention, for such purposes, as well as for pressing and moulding other articles
from plastic materials. I would remark that I am aware that it has been
before proposed to combine linseed with products of wheat and other matters.
I do not, therefore, claim the same when the products of rice are not used.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, which
consists of making oil cake by combining maize or Indian corn with linseed;
and although these matters may be mixed in various proportions, when carrying
out this part of my Invention, I prefer so to combine them that the Indian
corn shall absorb all the oil of the linseed, and for this purpose I combine two
parts of Indian corn with one part of linseed, and the best way I am informed
of for combining these matters is first to crush Indian corn, and then to grind
the same with the linseed, and the combined product is then to have boiling
water applied thereto, as described in respect to the manufacture of oil cake
when using the products of rice with linseed, and then the matters are to be
pressed into cakes, and dried as before described. I would state that in pre-
paring oil cakes according to this part of my Invention the products of rice
may be added, and such is the case in respect to wheat and other seed; but I
make no claim to the use of wheat or other seed combined with linseed when
Indian corn or maize is not employed.
I will now describe the third part of my
T
Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows an elevation of the pug mill, and one of the apparatus for
moulding. Figure 2 shews a side external elevation of the machinery for
moulding, but on a somewhat larger scale than the other Drawings. Figure 3.
shews a vertical section of the pug mill and moulding apparatus. Figure 4,
the lever "I," detached. Figure 5, the lever F, detached. Figure 6, the ratchet
wheel, detached. Figure 7, the shaft with excentric wheel for the second
pressure, detached. Figure 8, the front view of piston for second pressure,
detached. Figure 9, the side view of piston for second pressure, detached..
Figure 10, the mould with piston and antifriction rollers, detached. Figure 11
is the ground plan of the moulding apparatus. Figure 12, the side elevation
of the moulding cylinders, shewing the antifriction rollers, also the inclined
planes for forcing out and returning of the moulds. Figure 13, the moulds

page_text: with pins to produce holes in the articles manufactured, expediting the drying,
and acting as a preventative of mouldiness in cake for cattle food, and effecting
a better and more thorough combustion of fuel. Figure 14, the ground plan
of the mould..
The same figures and numbers of reference apply to all the Drawings...
No: 2 is an horizontal shaft in connection with the first moving power, and
to which is fixed a bevil wheel Z for driving the vertical shaft of cylinder pre-
paring mill, No. 23; also a spur-wheel, No. 29, for driving the crushing
rollers U, U; also a third wheel. Y, for driving the two wheels 3, 3, for crank
motion X, X. W is an iron hopper fixed with bolts and nuts to the top of
the framework B, B, and which conducts the materials. into the, grinding or,
crushing rollers: U, U; from thence the materials. fall into the cylinder pre
paring mill Y, which mill is cased with a steam jacket.S, for the reception of.
heat, either from steam, hot water, -orsair, and in which preparing, mill, a
vertical shaft 23 is placed. To this. shaft is affixed broad steel or iron knives or
blades 16, 17, 18, 19.
Circular holes are made in the vertical shaft, through,
which the rounded extremities of the large blades are. passed, and secured in the
opposite side by nuts 30, and inclined to. the angle.best suited to amalgamate.
pressure, regulate and adapt the force and-motion of the materials through
the preparing mill to the quantity requiréd in a given time; for the--two.
moulding cylinders 10, 10. When the preparing mill is charged; the motion-
of the Archimedian screw produced by: the revolution of the vertical shaft
gradually tempers, and forces the materials into the hopper .12-fixed to the
lower extremity of the preparing mill. This hopper is divided into two.equal
chambers by an horizontal rail-38, which separates the materials, by-which a
slot is formed shorter in length than the mould which is to receive the same,
and thus the slots are supplied to the moulds in each cylinder in a compact,
clean, and solid state, at equal distances. In the moulding cylinders are fixed
two distinct series of segments with triangular sides 11, 11, the Figure of
which segments causes a similar number of rectangular spaces to. be left
alternately between them, as denoted by N,. N. Into these, attached moulds
comprised of a bottom and two ends, Figure 10; are fixed.. The form and
dimensions of these moulds are varied according to the nature of the articles to
be produced. The moulds, after being filled with the materials to be moulded,
is caused to move by two ratchet wheels 'g, g, they receiving their motion from
the spur rods working to the top of the machine in two cranks X, X; which
cranks are attached to two spur wheels 3, 3, which wheels have their motion
given them by a third spur wheel Y,' fixed upon the main or first driving
shaft Q. With the motion thus given them, the moulding cylinders are brought

page_text: so as to give a pressure to the materials in the moulds, which is produced by
the plain or full-sided segment 11, in, one cylinder, working directly: opposite
the open or mould section N in the, second cylinder, after which, by the
repeated, moving of the ratchet. wheels, the mould is brought to the centre
under the machine, where there is,fixed two frames. D, D, with pistons 15, -15,
to be worked-up into the mould by excentric wheels C, C, placed under the
said piston, thus giving a second and encreased pressure. to, the article con-
tained in the moulds. The said eccentrics are worked by, the lever, F, F,
attached to other levers H, H, working the catches M, M, which moves the
ratchet wheels for cylinders. Thus an-uniformity of motion is, obtained, all-the
various motions being worked in connection with each other, and produced by
the one and the same movement. The up stroke of spur rods G, G, moves the
ratchet wheels, J, J; and drives the cylinders, and the down stroke of the spur, rod
gives the pressure underneath the cylinders to the articles contained in the moulds;
the moulds, after receiving, the second pressure, and by another motion of the
ratchet wheel, are pushed up from their, recesses by means of pistons Y., The
bottom of each piston is attached a square; shaft 6, to each end of which carries
a small antifriction roller 5; which by the motion given to the machinery on
approaching the place of delivery, comes in contact.with an inclined plane-35,
that raises the mould containing the moulded articles within them, which lare
then to be taken off with pallett boards, and laid upon the endless belt, which
conducts them any required distance from the machine, or upon barrows to be
wheeled away. During the latter process the emptied mould, will have passed
over the inclined plane 35, and under the inclined, plane 36, which will have
caused the piston with the mould to have descended to be filled again from the
hopper as it passes under its "A foundation plate of cast iron. B; B, the frame-
work of machine, No. 10, the two moulding cylinders: K; the spur wheels
that gears the cylinders: J; the ratchet wheel:I, the lever, to which is affixed
the catch, works: the ratchet wheel. :D, the frame in, which works the piston,
No. 15, for the second pressure. C, the eccentric which works the piston. >E,
the shaft passing through the eccentric, which works in the plumber: box
No. 14the lever in connection with the spur rod that works the
eccentric for piston H; the connecting rod betwixt, the catch-and-pressing
levere G, the spur rod, one end connecting to the passing lever, and
the other end connected to the crank X, on the spur wheel, where
it receives its motion, the crank connected to the spur wheel. No. 3,
the spur wheel, to which is connected the crank for moving the cylinders
and pressing. Y, the wheel for driving the crank wheels. No. 28,
a bearer or frame, to which a
affixed a plumber block for supporting
the main shaft. R, the cylinder preparing mill. S, the steam jacket

page_text: round the preparing mill.
. screw.
No. 12, the dividing and forming hopper.
U, U, the grinding and crushing rollers. Nos. 24, 24, the plumber blocks for
shaft for grinding rollers. W, the conducting hopper. No. 1 and Z, the
bevil wheels for driving the vertical shaft on preparing mill. No. 23, the
vertical shaft for pressure mill. No. 29, the spur wheel for driving crushing
roller. Nos. 16, 17, 18, 19, iron knives or blades forming an Archimedian
No. 30, the nuts to secure the same to the vertical shaft. No. 20, the
step to bear the end of vertical shaft. Nos. 11, 11, the segments with triangular
sides to form the mould. The surfaces 11 I prefer to have so formed as to
allow of wood to be let in, of a size equal to the opposite mould, in order to act
on the matter in the mould, and the surfaces (11) should be so made as to fit
in size the opposite mould, and thus to press into the mould. N, N, the
moulds in the cylinder. Q, the shaft on which the moulding cylinders work.
No. 37, the knive that prevents the moving of the material in pressing.
Nos. 5 and 6, the small antifriction roller for mould elevator. Nos. 21, 21,
the plumber blocks, in which the shafts for cylinders work.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim is,-
First, the manufacture of oil cake by combining with linseed, rice, ground
rice, meal, or bran, or offal of paddy, or rough rice, thus producing a new
manufacture of cake for the food of animals.
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of oil cake, by combining the products
of maize or Indian corn with linseed; and,
Thirdly, in respect to the machinery for pressing and moulding, I claim the
giving of an interrupted motion to the moulding apparatus; and I also claim
the giving a second pressure to the articles in the moulds by the apparatus (15),
and parts for working the same, as herein described; and I also claim the
making of surfaces (11) somewhat less than the opposite moulds, the
surfaces (11) of one moulding apparatus pressing the matters in the moulds
of the other moulding apparatus; and I also claim the manner of forming
and fixing the moulds in the moulding apparatus, as herein described; and I
also claim, when moulding and pressing oil cake, the employment of
apparatus, as shown at Figures 13 and 14, for puncturing the cake with holes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Longbottom, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
JOHN (L.S.) LONGBOTTOM.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid John Longbottom came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eighteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.