Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1886.
Complete Left, 8th Sept., 1887 1
Complete Accepted, 11th Oct., 1887
1, ADOLF WILHELM CARLSON, Notary, Sibyllegaten 39, Stockholm, Sweden, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
Usually when urine is collected it is allowed to remain liquid for some time, so that
putrefaction or fermentation commences and many of th: valuable ammoniacal
constituents become dissipated.
According to this invention, the urine is collected in a mass of turf or peaty
material mixed with gypsum, phosphates or other substances suitable for manure, and
the mass impregnated with urine is from time to time removed and dried by apparatus
of the following description. A fan or ventilator revolving with its axis vertical is
surrounded by a number of compartments forming together a polygonal figure such as
an octagon. Each compartment contains a number of shallow drawers arranged
above one another, each drawer having a bottom of wire gauze or perforated metal
on which is placed a layer of the mass that is to be dried. Triangular spaces are
formed in each drawer above and below the perforated bottom which is inclined, in
such manner that a current of hot air is forced by the fan under the perforated
bottom and up through the material on it, drying it.
The ventilator being driven by a steain engine, the products of combustion from
the boiler fire, mixed with a certain amount of air to temper the heat, are utilised for
effecting the drying, the hot air being led by flues to supply the fan. When the
material in any of the drawers is sufficiently dried, the drawer is pulled out, emptied
and charged with a fresh layer of material to be dried in its turn. The dried material
may be used alone as manure, or it may be mixed with other suitable materials.
Dated this 28th day of December 1886.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, ADOLF WILHELM CARLSON Notary, Sibyllegaten 39, Stockholm Sweden
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Usually when urine is collected it is allowed to remain liquid for some time, so
that putrefaction or fermentation commences and many of the valuable ammoniacal
constituents become dissipated.
According to this invention, the urine is collected in a mass of turf or peaty
material mixed with gypsum, phosphates, or other substances suitable for manure, and
the mass impregnated with urine is from time to time removed and dried.
By this means the fresh urine is effectually. prevented from entering into putre-
faction and consequently the whole of the valuable matter contained therein is utilized.
The said absorbant materials are contained in cases which are placed in urinals &c.
and as soon as their contents are saturated with urine, they are removed, in order to
be dried either in the open air or by means of heated air, experience having shewn
that none of the valuable constituents of urine are lost by this means, and that this
operation can be effected without the production of unpleasant effluvia.
This process of manufacture is also of great hygienic importance for populous towns,
where large quantities of liquid manures, frequently left to themselves, penetrate into
the soil of roadways or public places, or escape into the adjoining water courses.
According to the object in view, various kinds of accessory manures can be mixed
with the product manufactured, before this is sent into the market.
Even in the cases where urine has been employed up to the present time in manures,
it has not been collected immediately in a fresh condition, and with the use of the
absorbant substances above mentioned.
By means of this process the substance becomes, in addition, readily transportable,
and its use is not restricted to the neighbourhood of its production as is the case with
composts.
The accompanying drawing shews the arrangement of the desiccating apparatus
which I prefer to use, but other constructions of apparatus may be employed for the
purpose.
In the apparatus hereinafter described hot air is caused by a fan to pass in contact
with thin layers of the saturated compound.
The fan is here supposed to be driven by a steam engine; the gaseous products of
combustion &c. coming from the boiler furnace are led by flues to the fan, the flues
being provided with regulated openings through which the necessary air enters, so
that the combined air and gases have a temperature of about 60° Cent.

page_text: Fig. 1 shews a vertical section, Fig. 2 a plan and Fig. 3 a transverse section of the
drying apparatus. a is the steam boiler the furnace c the furnace flues d the
chimney ee are conduits f, an opening for the introduction of air, and g the fan with
driving pulley h.
i is the desiccating chamber, which is of octagonal shaped cross section, is divided
into eight compartments, in the centre of which is a vertical free space closed at top
and bottom, in which works the fan. Each compartment of the chamber is divided by
means of sheet iron plates k into a suitable number of superposed cells, in which are
arranged diagonally on rail or supports 1, moveable frames or trays with wire gauze
bottoms. The division plates k and the frames or trays m are so arranged that the
outer ends of the frames m fit as tightly as possible against the outer ends of the
plates situated below, while their inner ends fit against the inner ends of the upper
plates as indicated on the drawing. By this arrangement the air propelled by the
fan passes through the wire gauze trays and through the layer of material spread
thereon, as shewn by the arrows, whereby the latter is effectually dessicated.
C
Part of the air required for the dessication passes through the grating n and the
furnace and then through the flues and the two conduits e to the fan inducing
other currents of air entering through the openings in the conduits. By regulating
the access of air through the openings of the conduits e the temperature of the heated
air and the products of combustion is moderatod so as to have the heat required.
The desiccating apparatus is surrounded by doors at a sufficient distance from the
apparatus to allow the air saturated with moisture coming from the trays to rise and
pass away.
When the mass is dry the doors are opened and the trays m are with-
drawn and emptied, after which they are charged again with fresh inatter and
replaced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The herein described process of manufacturing manure from urine wherein the
fresh urine is collected in a mass of peat or of peat mud mixed with gypsum, phos-
phate, or other suitable substance, and is then desiccated, the products being either
used alone or mixed with other pulverised manures.
2. The construction-and use of-apparatus for desiccating the material prépared as
set forth in the preceding claim, consisting of a chamber divided into a number of
compartments by means of vertical partitions, each compartment being again divided
by means of superposed transverse partitions into a certain number of cells each of
which contains a frame or tray with permeable bottom arranged diagonally in the cells
so that the air from a fan is forced through the material spread upon the tray
substantially as herein described.
3. In apparatus for desiccating by means of air, the use of cells each containing a
frame or tray having a permeable bottom and arranged diagonally in the cell so that
the desiccating air is forced to pass through the mass spread on the permeable bottom,
substantially as herein described.
Dated this 20th dov of Awoust 1907
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.