IMPROVE- MENTS IN LIQUID FUEL FURNACES AND THEIR APPLIANCES to be as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JASPER HENRY SELWYN, of 16 Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Admiral, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LIQUID FUEL FURNACES AND THEIR APPLIANCES to be as follows:-
"
My invention has reference to liquid fuel furnaces and their appliances and
particularly to the construction and arrangement of the combustion chamber; of
the injector or injectors used therewith; the provision of steam for the injectors
and the air passages leading into the combustion chamber. In or about the middle
of a combustion chamber or furnace from which the fire bars are not removed and
which is therefore available for ordinary fuel, I provide a firebrick pillar or hood
of peculiar construction against which the injectors play, there being provision for
introducing heated air to support the combustion inside the said pillar or other
form of heat focus additional to that which enters round the injectors. Means are
adopted to encourage the formation of carbon from the oil.
The construction and arrangement are or may be such that steam may be raised
without the use of oil. The injectors are so made as to obviate the puffing due to
any admixture of steam and oil, and the carbonizing of oil in the oil pipe-ensuring
also a more perfect combustion of both oil and steam, with useful effect. The
internal cones are modified and a nipple is introduced to support the cone against
its seat while the union joints are also modified in such a manner as to admit of
tightening up without removing the injector from its work The arrangement of
the air passages for the injectors is such as to allow of a greater number of smaller
injectors some of which may be at the sides as well as the front of the boiler or
firebox. In order to avoid the necessity for taking steam from the boiler direct I
employ a coil or coils of pipe containing water in or round the uptake connected
with a "pot
so as to economise the otherwise wasted heat, and raise steam for
the injectors by its use. Though the just described arrangement may be used in
other boilers where there is no objection to taking steam from the main boiler and
in some of its parts is well adapted for use in locomotive boilers, it is specially
adapted to the requirements of the locomotive boilers used in torpedo boats. In
"
[Price 8d1

page_text: the case of an ordinary marine boiler I construct the furnace with a solid arched
top without holes. This top has a rise towards the front and terminates some
distance from the front wall of the furnace thus leaving an escape for the hot gases
which then return along the whole length of the boiler flue. In the back wall an
aperture is also left for the passage of the flame or gas from the furnace. In the
side walls of the furnace similar holes but smaller and more numerous are left in
order to heat the sides of the flue at points which would otherwise be shielded from
the flame, as is already. well understood to be necessary.

page_text: Improvements in Liquid Fuel Furnaces and their Appliances.
I, JASPER HENRY SELWYN, of N° 16 Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park, in the
county of Middlesex, Admiral, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention has reference to liquid fuel furnaces and their appliances and
particularly to the construction and arrangement of the combustion chamber, of the
injector or injectors used therewith; the provision of steam for the injectors and
the air passages leading into the combustion chamber. In or about the middle of
a combustion chamber or furnace from which the fire-bars are not removed and
which is therefore available for ordinary fuel, I provide a fire-brick pillar or hood
of peculiar construction against which the injectors play, there being provision for
introducing heated air to support the combustion inside the said pillar or other
form of heat focus additional to that which enters round the injectors. Means are
adopted to encourage the deposition of solid carbon from the oil by regulation
of the air supply.
The construction and arrangement are or may be such that steam may be raised
without the use of oil. The injectors are so made as to obviate the puffing due to
any admixture of steam and oil, and the carbonization of oil in the oil pipe ensuring
also a more perfect combustion of both oil and steam with useful effect. The
internal cones are modified so as to be capable of regulation while in use, and a
nipple is introduced to support the cone against its seat while the union joints are
also modified in such a manner as to admit of tightening up, without removing
the injector from its work, by the use of coned joints.
The arrangement of the air passages for the injectors is such as to allow of a
greater number of smaller injectors some of which may be at the sides as well as
the front of the boiler or fire box. In order to avoid the necessity for taking steam
from the boiler direct I sometimes employ a coil or coils of pipe in or round the
uptake connected with a "pot" so as to economise the otherwise wasted heat, and
raise steam for the injectors by its use. Though this arrangement may be used in
other boilers where there is no objection to taking steam from the main boiler and
in some of its parts, is well adapted for use in locomotive boilers, it is specially
adapted to the requirements of the locomotive boilers used in torpedo boats. In
the case of an ordinary marine boiler I construct the furnace as a hood or combus-
tion chamber with a solid arched top without holes. This top has a rise towards
the front and terminates some distance from the front wall of the furnace, thus
leaving an escape for the hot gases which then return along the whole length of the
boiler flue. In the back wall an aperture may also be left for the passage of flame
or gas from the furnace. In the side walls of the furnace similar holes but more
umerous may also be left in order to heat the sides of the flue at points which
would otherwise be shielded from the flame, as is already well understood to be
necessary. The hood or chamber does not touch the flue except where it rests on
he bottom or at points where support for the arch may be necessary.
→

page_text: Referring to the accompanying two sheets of drawings Fig. 1. is a longitudinal
vertical section of a furnace with appliances according to one form of my invention
used in connection with a boiler of locomotive type suitable for use in a torpedo
boat.
1. is a fire box with grate 2. 3 is the body of the boiler. 4. 4. are ordinary
tubes. 5 is the smoke box. Upon the grate 2 are placed fire bricks or slabs 2*
arranged a short distance apart or formed with perforations to serve as air inlets.
Above these is placed a pillar or hood of peculiar construction built up in situ of
refractory material such as fire-clay lumps, against which the injector or injectors
can play. This pillar or hood may be of various forms as seen in section in a plane
parallel to the surface of the grate that carries it. Fig. 2. shows one suitable
section in the line A. B. of Fig. 1. The pillar is made with an internal chamber 6.
from which there are at the upper part radial passages 7 extending into the com-
bustion chamber 1. 8 is an injector that may be of the construction hereinafter
described with reference to Fig. 13. 9. is the oil pipe by which oil is supplied to
the injector, and 10. is the steam pipe which instead of being placed above.the
boiler may be arranged to pass through. the steam space within the boiler if
desired. 11 is an annular chamber having approximately the form of a hollow
truncated cone with a series of small apertures 12 which may be circular, or an
aperture may be used in the form of a continuous slit, the object being to increase
the quantity of steam at will without the necessity of passing the whole through
the injector 8. The interior of this annular chamber is in connection with a steam
supply pipe which may be connected at 13. The arrangement is shown on a larger
scale in Figs. 3. and 4. the former being a longitudinal section, and the latter
(Fig. 4.) a transverse section in line C. D. of Fig. 3. looking in the direction of the
arrow. 14 is an annular pot or vessel in which steam is generated for supplying
the injector or injectors. 15 is a pipe passing from the upper part or steam space
of the boiler into the smoke box 5 where it is in connection with a coil 16, which
in turn is connected to a second coil 17 arranged within the annular pot or vessel 14,
the object of this arrangement being to heat the water in the pot or vessel 14 by
steam from the boiler 3, which steam is super heated on its way through the smoke
box to the pot, and after circulating in the coil 17 may be returned to the boiler 3
by the pipe 18. or be used for the injector by connecting pipe 18 to pipe 10. 15° is
a drip tap for withdrawing condense water that may otherwise accumulate in the
pipe 15 at the commencement of working.
It is desirable to provide for ready removal of sediment and deposit from the
pot or vessel 14, and a convenient mode of effecting is by the arrangement illustrated,
according to which the lower annular end of the chamber is closed by an annular
channel' shaped cover or cap 19 secured by screw bolts 20, the heads of which bear
against bridge pieces 21. resting upon the flanged lower ends of the inner and
outer shells of the pot or vessel. 22 is a safety valve in connection with the pot
or vessel 14. The apparatus may be put in action in the case of the arrangement
shown, in Fig. 1. as follows: A fire is lighted in the ordinary manner by fuel
supplied through a door or doors preferably hinged from above and arranged in any
convenient position in the front or side or sides of the fire box and steam raised
both in the boiler 3 and in the pot or vessel 14. In the latter the pressure need
never be more than 30 lbs. to the square inch and with ordinary care salt water
can be used in it. As soon as 10 lbs. of steam is obtained the injector can be used
with steam and oil in such proportions as to give perfect combustion without smoke
and no more solid fuel need then be supplied. The regulation of the air supply
may be principally effected by the ash pit door 1*.
The construction of the pillar or bood may be variously modified. Figs. 5 and 6
illustrate an arrangement built up of firebricks, Fig. 5. being a vertical section and
Fig. 6. a horizontal section in the line E. F. Fig. 5. As will be seen from Fig. 6.
the pillar or hood in this case assumes the form of a series of walls of firebrick
radiating from a central air space or chamber 6, the whole being surmounted by a
cover 23 formed with air passages.7 radiating from the central cavity or recess 24.

page_text: Another mode of building up a hollow pillar or hood for the purposes of my
invention is by using fire tiles of the kind used as flue covers by which the pillar
or hood may be built up in the manner represented in Figs. 7. and 8. of the
drawings, a cover 23 being provided in which air passages 7 are formed that radiate
from a central cavity as in the preceding arrangement.
Fig. 9. shows in vertical section another arrangement of hood or chamber
according to my invention shown applied to an ordinary Cornish or marine flue
boiler, in which latter case there would be return tubes not here shown. 25 is the
hood or chamber built of lumps of fire-clay or other refractory substances shaped
to moulds approximately of sections shown in Figs. 10. and 11, and in removable
parts in Fig. 9.
Fig. 10. is a vertical section and Fig. 11. a transverse section in the line G. H.
Fig. 10. of a hood or chamber having interior dimensions approximately as follows,
height 2 feet, width 1 foot, length 2 feet, the above having been found to be
advantageous in practice. The hood or chamber 25 is constructed with a solid
arched top without holes, having a rise towards the front as shown, and terminating
some distance from the front wall of the boiler, thus leaving an escape for the hot
gases which then return along the whole length of the flue of the boiler. The
form of the hood or chamber is such as to cause flame and heated gases to return
to and be discharged at its front part so as to more effectually heat the front of the
furnace or flue of the boiler..
In the hood or chamber 25 shown in Fig. 9. the solid arched top is formed of
flue tiles as shown resting upon the side walls.
26. is
8. is an injector connected to oil and steam pipes 9. and 10. respectively, and 11 is
a hollow truncated cone for increasing the steam and air supply as before.
an aperture formed in the back wall of the furnace or chamber through which flame
may pass to ensure the burning of combustible gas that may exist in the boiler
flue. 27 is another aperture through the front wall 27* of the boiler through which
the state of combustion taking place in the boiler flue may be observed. 28. 28. are
openings through the sides of the hood or chamber 25 through which flame and
gus may pass to the sides of the boiler flue. 29 is a mass of refractory brickwork
arranged in the manner of ordinary regenerative stoves or chambers with passages
for the exit of heated air and products of combustion to the chimney. The brick-
work serves to abstract heat from the escaping gases and transmit it to the boiler
and also to act as a heat regulator to prevent excessive variations of temperature in
the boiler flue during working. It will be evident that the hood or chamber 25
may be built up of fire-bricks and fettled to shape with any suitable refractory
material.
Fig. 12. shows in vertical longitudinal section a boiler furnace with modified
appliances according to my invention. 1 is the fire box with grate bars 2 upon
which are arranged refractory slabs or fire-bricks 2* with spaces between them
or perforations. To the left of the central bearer the perforated bricks or slabs
are shown; to the right of the central bearer solid bricks or slabs with spaces
between them are shown. 3 is the body of the boiler and 4. 4. are ordinary tubes.
Upon the bricks or slabs is a hood or combustion chamber of the kind hereinbefore
described with reference to Figs. 10. and 11. built up in situ of refractory material,
such as lumps of fire-clay. 30 is the injector of a modified form hereinafter
described with reference to Figa 15 and 16; it is in communication with an oil
pipe 9, and a steam pipe 10. The pipe 10 as shown is carried by a water pipe 31
provided with a valve 32. an arrangement commonly employed whereby a jet of
water may be thrown into the furnace when desired. 1 is the ash-pit door as
before. The operation of this arrangement is similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
except that a larger quantity of oil and steam may be employed in the present
arrangement.
Fig. 13. is a vertical section drawn to a larger scale of one form of injector
according to this invention. It comprises a casing with a steam inlet 33. and an
oil inlet 34. provided respectively with coned union pipes 35, and 30, for connection

page_text: with the steam and oil pipes. 37. is a tube carried by the pipe 86; it is coned at
one end so as to take against a correspondingly coned seat at 38. on a nozzle piece 39
secured to the central oil pipe 40. 41 is a pipe or nipple carried by the union
pipe 35 and arranged to take against the opposite side of the pipe 40. to that upon
which the nozzle piece 39 is situated, so as to enable a tight joint to be effected
at the seat 38. and prevent admixture of steam with oil at this point. The coned
pipes 35, and 36. are connected to correspondingly coned steam and oil pipes 42. 43.
by nuts or couplings 44. as shown. By this arrangement tight joints may be
secured and the injector nozzle 45. may be placed at any desired inclination to a
horizontal plane. 41* 41* are holes in the nipple 41. for increasing the outlet
area for steam to the casing of the injector. These injectors may be arranged in
series as shown diagrammatically in Fig. 14. where two are used, 33 being the
steam inlet and 34. 34. the oil inlets.
Fig. 15. is a vertical section and Fig. 16. an elevation at right angles thereto
of the modified form of injector shown in Fig. 12. drawn to a larger scale. 46 is
the nozzle, of a flattened form as shown, carried by the steam pipe 10. Within
it are situated a series of oil pipes 47 carried by and communicating with a pipe 48.
common to all of them. 9 is the oil supply pipe communicating with the pipe 48
as shown and provided with a cock 49 by means of which the oil supply may be
varied according to requirements. The oil pipe is connected to the nozzle 46. by a
collar or flange 50 or in any other convenient manner.
Fig. 17. is an orthoptic view of a doubly curved plumbago or graphite dash-
brick which may be advantageously used in lieu of the flat dash-bricks ordinarily
employed. It may be used in conjunction with. hoods or combustion chambers
of the kind hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 9. 10. 11. and 12. and
is so situated within such hood furnace or combustion chamber that flame may
envelop it and quickly raise it to a temperature sufficiently high to ensure
economical combustion. Fig. 18. is an orthoptic view in section of a plumbago
or graphite crucible or chamber of any suitable cross section with its bottom
removed, which may be employed in lieu of the dash-brick shown in Fig. 17.
and for a similar purpose. This crucible when used should be so placed that the
impact of the oil and steam will take place inside it and be deflected upwards
through it at a considerable angle.
The best combustion will be attained when a white heat with a tinge of pale
blue is seen in the combustion hood or chamber, provided always that no great
excess of air be admitted beyond that theoretically necessary for the perfect
combustion of the carbon and hydrogen present.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is :-
1. In a steam boiler furnace or in a combustion chamber providing over the
bars or grate, a cover of refractory material with air passages, and a pillar hood
or chamber of refractory material, the arrangement being such that either liquid
or other fuel can be burnt, so. that in the case of the steam boiler furnace, steam
for starting the liquid fuel injector or injectors can be generated without the use
of an auxiliary boiler, and that air entering the furnace or combustion chamber
by the said air passages will be heated in passing through them substantially as
described.
t
2. Providing in connection with a steam boiler and a liquid fuel furnace an
auxiliary vessel or pot the arrangement being such that escaping heat which
would otherwise be wasted is utilized for generating in the auxiliary vessel or
pot, steam for use in feeding liquid fuel to the furnace or combustion chamber by
an injector or injectors substantially as hereinabove described.
3. In a liquid fuel furnace the use of a pillar of refractory material with central
air space or chamber and radial passages therefrom for supplying heated air to
support combustion, whether the construction-be such as described with reference

page_text: to and shown in Figs. 1. and 2., or in Figs. 5. and 6., or in Figs. 7. and 8. of the
drawings for the purpose set forth.
4. In a liquid fuel furnace the use of a hood or chamber of refractory material
such as hereinabove described with reference to and shown respectively in Fig. 9.
and in Figs. 10. 11. and 12. of the drawings, the arrangement being such as to
cause flame and heated gases to return to and be discharged at the front of the
hood or chamber, and thus to heat more effectually the front of the furnace, as
above set forth.
5. In a liquid fuel furnace the use for supplying liquid fuel and steam of an
injector or injectors of the improved construction hereinabove described with
reference to Fig. 13. of the drawings.
6. In a liquid fuel furnace the use for supplying liquid fuel and steam of an
injector or injectors of the improved construction hereinabove described with
reference to Figs. 15. and 16. of the drawings.
7. In a liquid fuel furnace the use for supplying steam and liquid fuel of two
or more injectors arranged and connected in series substantially as hereinabove
described with reference to Fig. 14. of the drawings.
8. In a liquid fuel furnace the use in conjunction with an injector for supplying
steam and liquid fuel of a hollow truncated cone for supplying additional steam
at will substantially as hereinabove described with reference to and shown in
Figs. 1. 3. 4. and 9. of the drawings.
9. In a boiler furnace for burning liquid fuel the use in conjunction with a
refractory hood or chamber of a mass of refractory material with air spaces
arranged in the boiler flue or flues substantially as hereinabove described with
reference to Fig. 9. of the drawings for the purpose set forth.
10. In a liquid fuel furnace of the kind hereinabove referred to the use for the
purpose mentioned of a doubly curved plumbago or graphite dash-brick of the
peculiar form shown in and described with reference to Fig. 17. or of a plumbago
or graphite chamber of the peculiar form shown in and described with reference
to Fig. 18. of the drawings.
Dated thin otat Ja..
M1000