TATPRAKED METHOD OR MANURE Din
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Hanham Collyer, M. D., of No. 3, Park
Road, Regent's Park, London, County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of a "TATPRAKED METHOD OR MANURE Din
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Hanham Collyer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1856.
I, ROBERT HANHAM COLLYER, M. D., of No..3, Park Road, Regent's Park,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PAPER," to be as follows:-
Numerous chemical experiments have led me to ascertain that a superior
quality of paper may be made from "beet root," or from the residual matter
therefrom, after the manufacture of sugar or distillation. I form a very strong
and glutinous pulp, which, mixed in proper proportions with the substances
usually employed in making paper, renders it more elastic and softer, also
dispenses with the use of size; it resists the action of water and can be written.
on. The proportional quantity to be used with other substances will differ in
accordance with the peculiar nature of those employed, such as linen, woollen
and cotton rags, wood, bark, hemp, and fibrous and woody plants, straw, hay,
tar, chalk, &c. &c. &c. cannot be specified, as it will be subordinate to the
greater or less elasticity required in the paper.
t
What I claim is, the exclusive right of using, or in any way employing in
the making of paper, all substances existing in or extracted from "beet root,"
or the use of the residue or otherwise from the manufacture of sugar, or
distillation from the plant or vegetable beet root," or its leaves.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert. Hanham Collyer in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
HANHAM COLLYER, M. D., of No. 3, Park Road, Regent's Park, London,
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Robert Hanham Collyer, Her special licence that I, the said Robert Hanham
Collyer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Robert Hanham Collyer, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention .for
IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PAPER," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert Hanham Collyer, my exccutors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Hanham Collyer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object of this method of making paper will be understood by the
following description:-
1st. In general the materials used for the making of paper consist of
filaceous substances belonging to or drawn from the vegetable 'kingdom,
especially the textile fibres of hemp, flax, and cotton, and all those which have
been used for the making of ropes, threads, and other végétable fabrics, which
after long use have become waste, and are called rags and cords in the paper
factories. To all or any of these substances I add the fibrous portion of the
beet root (genus beta).

page_text: Paper, is formed of cellulous matter, which ought to have the filaceous
form, in order that. its fibres should be sufficiently long. and pliant, that they
may interlace and form that kind of felt which constitutes the sheet of paper.
Old rags form the basis of those most usually employed in making paper;
also the cuttings from new materials too small for other purposes are often
added:
t
2nd. The successive operations for making paper are picking, sorting,
cutting, sifting, washing, picking into threads, pressing, loose sorting, grinding,
bleaching, refining, sizing, and cutting into sheets.
The proper separation of the rags of different colors from each other, that
is, the white rags are sorted with white and half white linen rags, hemps, flax,
and into cotton rags. This sorting is very importaut, as cotton can only be
used in a certain proportion in making paper; it is even quite omitted in
strong or tough paper. It is quite the contrary with the residue of the beet
root.
The textile fibres of cotton are composed of tubes, with very thin partitions,
easily depressed.
By using the fibrous portion of the beet, the gummy, glutinous, and porous
qualities, which are wanting in the cotton, are supplied. Each fibre of the
cotton after the mixture becomes cylindrical, thick, which gives to it the
strength of hemp and flax, and it no longer loses its shape through pressure,
which explains the cause of its superiority in strength and elasticity. The
same improvement by the addition applies to every kind of material used in
making paper. The cutting process being the same as now resorted to needs
no description. The washing and threading are also the same. When the
washing is finished the liquid is drawn off and replaced by fresh water; then
the mixture is made with the residue of the bċet from the sugar factories or
distilleries, and the pulp produced. By taking in the first place the residue,
after the extraction of sugar or spirit, or otherwise, it should be placed in a
vat, into which steam must be passed to bring it to the proper state for mixing
with the rags, hemp, &c. The proportion of beet residue will be in accordance
with the quality of the paper required; for about ten per cent. of my material,
i.
e., the beet, gives a more flexible and tougher paper; twenty-five per cent.
produces a packing paper from which water will run off, and therefore does
not require tarring or any sizing; fifty per cent. produces à paper as strong as
parchment; even on very thin sheets damp cannot penetrate it, rendering it
adapted for packing up bright cutlery and hardware. The mixture being
made to cne of the above proportions, the surplus liquid is allowed to

page_text: escape. The pulp or paste is then formed, which produces the paper;
then the usual process is resorted to, either by hand or machinery. The
residue of the beet is easily bleached, by first steeping in hot water and then
washing to free it from all foreign and earthy matters; it is then boiled with
an alkali, after which it is bleached by soaking in a solution of chloride
of lime, or such other modes now in use. There is no definite proportion in
which the bleached residue is to be mixed with the materials now employed;
this must depend on the quality of the paper required. In this, as with brown
paper, the gummy and glutinous matter affords the quality of great toughness,
and dispenses with the necessity of glazing or sizeing, therefore possessing
all the properties of first-class writing paper, and for printing it is far superior
to any yet manufactured; also for making papier maché articles it is especially
adapted. In fine, by the addition of the pulp from the fibrous portion of the
beet every kind of paper, cardboard, &c. will be materially improved at a
much less cost. All the materials now used in the manufacture of brown or
white paper are still used; in tliese I make no change whatever; the particular
object of my improvements being, in the addition to the present paper pulps;
in the proportions specified, or otherwise according to the paper required, of
the residue of the beet root (genus beta) when deprived of its saccharine
matter.
In describing the above I do not mean to confine myself rigidly to the pre-
cise combinations stated, or mode of operation, as they may be doubtless
changed in a variety of ways, in accordance with the particular kind of paper.
required; but what I claim in the fabrication of every description of paper is,
the exclusive use of the residue and substances extracted from the genus
beta, i. e., beet root, mangel wurzel, in any proportion whatsoever.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Hanham Collyer, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
DODT TT COLLven
ROB H. COLLYER. (ED.)