Improvements in Refrigerating Apparatus.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refrigerating Apparatus.
We, WILLIAM HENRY ALLEN, RICHARD WRIGHT and RICHARD WILLIAM
ALLEN all of York Street Works Lambeth in the County of Surrey, Engineers
and SAMUEL PUPLETT of 5 Thornbury Road, Clapham Park in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Apparatus employed to reduce the temperature of a store or chamber by the
vapourization of a liquefied gas is usually of two different types known respectively
as direct expansion machines and brine circulation machines. In the first named
type it is usual to place in the store or chamber to be cooled that portion of the
apparatus called the refrigerator which consists of a series of pipes or coils of pipe
in which the gas is vaporized by the heat of the surrounding atmosphere. One
objection to this method is that any leakage of gas from the joints in the refrigerator
at once mixes with the air of the chamber to the detriment of what is stored
therein. It has been sought to overcome this objection by placing the refrigerator
coils in a space partitioned off from the store or chamber and connected therewith
by trunks or passages the air being circulated in the chamber through the trunks or
passages and around the coils of the refrigerator by means of a fan. One objection
to this method is that as the air cannot get freely amongst the refrigerator coils
more especially when they are covered with snow or ice it takes the line of least
resistance, and the greater portion passes along the outsides of the coils consequently
only a small portion of their surface is effective.
In the second named type of apparatus it is usual to fix in the store or chamber
a series of pipes through which brine at a low temperature is circulated. It is
obvious that any brine escaping from the pipes or joints will fall upon whatever is
stored below them.
Our invention is chiefly intended to prevent any leakage of the gas used as the
refrigerant from mixing with the air of the store or chamber and to arrange the
coils or pipes of the refrigerator in such a manner that their maximum surface is
effective for refrigeration.
For this purpose we make the coils of our refrigerator of parallel pipes, not
spirals, and we space these pipes wide apart by preference about 6 diameters of the
pipe we make each coil in one length without a joint and we prolong the top and
bottom members and bring them through the wall of the store or chamber by which
means we have all the joints outside. We prefer to place the coils in a space
partitioned off from the store or chamber and we arrange them obliquely in such a
manner that no member of any coil is immediately below another member.
Another important object of our invention is to reduce to a minimum the risk of
damage to the contents of the store or chamber by the leakage of brine. For this
purpose we arrange the brine pipes in series each series being provided with a stop
valve or cock having a spindle passing through the roof or wall of the chamber and
accessible from outside. The various series of brine pipes are supplied from one
main which by preference we place at one side or end of the chamber and they
discharge into a return main which by preference we place on the opposite side of
the chamber these mains we connect to the circulating pump and refrigerator which
may be placed in any convenient position.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1892.
CARI MAEL & CO.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: .
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refrigerating Apparatus.
We, WILLIAM HENRY ALLEN, RICHARD WRIGHT and RICHARD WILLIAM
ALLEN, all of York Street Works, Lambeth in the County, of Surrey, Engineers,
and SAMUEL PUPLETT of 5 Thornbury Road, Clapham Park, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
Apparatus employed to reduce the temperature of a store or chamber by the
vapourization of a liquefied gas is usually of two different types known respectively
as direct expansion machines and brine circulation machines. In the first named
type it is usual to place in the store or chamber to be cooled that portion of the
apparatus called the refrigerator which consists of a series of pipes or coils of pipe
in which the gas is vapourized by the heat of the surrounding atmosphere. One
objection to this method is that any leakage of gas from the joints in the refrigerator
at once mixes with the air of the chamber to the detriment of what is stored
therein. It has been sought to overcome this objection by placing the refrigerator
coils in a space partitioned off from the store or chamber and connected therewith
by trunks or passages the air being circulated in the chamber through the trunks
- or passages and around the coils of the refrigerator by means of a fan. One
objection to this method is that as the air cannot get freely amongst the refrigerator
coils more especially when they are covered with snow or ice it takes the line
.of least resistance, and the greater portion passes along the outsides of the coils
· consequently only a small portion of their surface is effective.
In the second named type of apparatus it is usual to fix in the store or
chamber a series of pipes through which brine at a low temperature is circulated,
it is obvious that any brine escaping from the pipes or joints will fall upon what-
ever is stored below them.
Our invention is chiefly intended to prevent any leakage of the gas used as
the refrigerant from mixing with the air of the store or chamber and to arrange
the coils or pipes of the refrigerator in such a manner that their maximum
surface is effective for refrigeration.
For this purpose we make the coils of our refrigerator of parallel pipes, not
spirals, and we space these pipes wide apart by preference about 6 diameters
of the pipe; we make each coil in one length without a joint and we prolong
the top and bottom members and bring them through the wall of the store or
chamber by which means we have all the joints outside. We prefer to place
the coils in a space partitioned off from the store or chamber and we arrange
them obliquely in such a manner that no member of any coil is immediately
below another member.
Figures 1 to 8 show a system of coils constructed according to this invention.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 is a plan (omitting all pipes except the
top row) and Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line X X (Figures 1 and 2)
looking to the right. a¹ a² a³ a a' a are six coils each consisting of single con-
tinuous pipe without joint bent backwards and forwards into a zig-zag in one
plane as shown in Figures 4 to 8. is one of the walls of the store or chamber
or of a space partitioned off from but opening into it, all the other walls and
the floors and ceilings are omitted as their positions and arrangement form no
part of this invention. The ends of the pipes a¹ to a pass through the wall b
and are connected to the junction boxes c c¹ to which are also connected the
pipes dd leading to and from the refrigerator respectively. It will thus be
seen that all joints are made in a space having no communication with the store
or chamber. It will be obvious that many similar oblique arrangements of the
coils might be devised.

page_text: Another important object of our invention is to reduce to a minimum the risk
of damage to the contents of the store or chamber by the leakage of brine.
For this purpose we arrange the brine pipes in series, each series being provided
with a stop valve or cock having a spindle passing through the roof or wall of
the chamber and accessible from outside. The various series of brine pipes are
supplied from one main which by preference we place at one side or end of the
chamber and they discharge into a return main which by preference we place
on the opposite side of the chamber; these mains we connect to the circulating
pump and refrigerator which may be placed in any convenient position.
Figure 9 is a side elevation, Figure 10 an end elevation and Figure 11 a plan
of this arrangement. In these views the partitions when they would obscure the
pipes are omitted.
A is the main flow and B the main return. C1 C2 C3 &c. and D' D' and D³
&c. are branch mains leading out of the pipes A and B respectively. At each
junction a cock c¹ c² c³ &c. or d² d² d³ &c. is placed, the spindles by which these
cocks are worked being carried out of the chamber as shown in Figure 10.
E. E. are coils each communicating at one end with one of the pipes C¹ C² C³. &c.
and at the other end with one of the pipes D1 D2 D³ &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In refrigerating apparatus in which a store or chamber is cooled by a pipe
or series of pipes within it, or a space in communication with it, making the
portion of the pipe or pipes within the store chamber or space, continuous and
without joint, and placing all the connections on the outside of the store chamber
or space substantially as described.
2. In refrigerating apparatus in which a store or chamber is cooled by a pipe
or series of pipes forming the pipe or pipes into a zig-zag or zig-zags each con-
sisting of parallel portions connected at their ends by bends and lying in inclined
planes, so that the parallel portions are not vertically over each other; substan-
tially as described.
3. In refrigerating apparatus in which a store or chamber is cooled by pipes
containing brine or the like, arranging the pipes in series and providing such
series of pipes with cocks operated from outside the store or chamber by which
each series can be independently disconnected substantially as described.
4. Refrigerating apparatus substantially as described with reference to Figures 1
to 8 of the drawings.
5. Refrigerating apparatus substantially as described with reference to Figures 9,
10, and 11 of the drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of November 1892.
RICHARD. W. ALLEN,
SAMUEL PUPLETT,
W. H. ALLEN,
R. WRIGHT,
By Carpmael & Co.,
Agents.