matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAND OR GUARD RAILINGS AS APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Maquet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st July 1874.
I, HENRY JOSEPH MAQUET, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Architect, do hereby declare tho nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAND OR GUARD RAILINGS AS APPLICABLE
TO RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to prevent accidents to the guards,
ticket collectors, or other railway servants when engaged in passing
along a train while in motion. It will also facilitate the passage from
carriage to carriage of any traveller who may desire to communicate
with the guard or engine driver in case of accident or for other cause.
It will also prevent the passengers from getting into or out of a train
until it has completely stopped.
In carrying out the Invention a hand railing is firmly attached either to
one of the steps or to the irons which support the same. The end of the
railing of one carriage is connected by chains to the end of the railing of
the next carriage, for which purpose the chains are provided with hooks

page_text: which will admit of the continuity of the chain being broken when
required. The long step of one carriage is connected with the step of
the next carriage by means of a flexiblo platform made of flat iron
plates connected together by hinge joints, and provided with a safety
hook for connecting two pieces of flexible platform end to end.
20
In order to give the hand railing sufficient lateral rigidity it is further
connected by upright standards to the upper framing of the carriage,
for which purpose the standards are bent over or arched at top. The
hand railing opposite the doors of the carriage is made flexible, so that
it may be moved back out of the way when the door is to be opened.
In constructing this part of the hand railing one standard is fixed to the
framing of the carriage and is therefore stationary, and the other is fixed
to the door, being arched over head to correspond to the other standards.
The fixed and movable standards of the doorway are connected by
horizontal chains, and the panel is completed by vertical chains or rods. 1
The movable standard is held in place by a short rigid bar, and a loose
chain is also adapted thereto.
Instead of making the curved or arched part of the movable standard
rigid, it may be hinged so that it may be bent up, or the arch may be
formed of a slotted arm fixed to the carriage, and in the slot of this arm
runs a pin or stud at the upper end of the standard.
A NEW TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th January 1874.-A communication from abroad by Girerd
Chalumet, of Paris, France.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW TEXTILE FABRIC," to be as
follows:-
The silk waste called in France "bourrette," and which is the coarse
silk round the cocoon or the outside layer of the cocoon, has not been
hitherto utilized in the manufacture of textile fabrics, except as a weft
in combination with a warp of some other material, and generally of
cotton. One drawback of this mixture is that it does not allow of
properly dyeing both materials, one being animal and the other
vegetable.
Now this Invention consists in the novel employment or application
of this silk waste in the warp as well as in the weft, whereby a pure
textile fabric having special properties is produced. To manufacture

page_text: this fabric with both warp and weft composed exclusively of the silk
waste the preparation of the threads is the same for both the warp and
weft, except that the warp is formed of a superior quality of the
silk waste, and naturally with more torsion. Small knots appear on the
surface of the fabric, which arise from the nature of the material itself.
The weaving of this new textile fabric may be made smooth or twilled,
as desired, and of any required breadth. Being composed entirely of
animal material, both in warp and weft, the fabric will receive dyeing or
printing in a most perfect and homogeneous manner.
The durability of the new fabric is greater than that of the fabrics
hitherto made of mixed materials, that is to say, of a weft of this silk
waste but with a warp of cotton, more especially when used as coverings
of cylinders used in dyeing and printing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING, DRYING, AND EVAPORATING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roe, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August
1874.
I, JOHN ROE, junior, of Whitchurch, in the County of Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEATING, DRYING, AND EVAPORATING," to be as follows :-
-
My Invention relates to improvements in heating, drying, and
evaporating by means of steam, and consists in a method of returning
the water of condensation formed in the steam or heating apparatus
back to the boiler in order to be again converted into steam, the water
being thus alternately evaporated and condensed ad infinitum without
waste or loss of heat. I am thus enabled to effect a great economy in
fuel, inasmuch as pumping cold water into the boiler, thus killing
steam and losing power, is rendered unnecessary, little or no incrustation
in the boiler can take place, and the whole of the heat of the water of
condensation is utilized instead of being blown away with a quantity of
steam and wasted.
In carrying out my Invention the steam is conveyed from the boiler
to the coil or worm or other heating apparatus by a pipe in the usual way,

page_text: The coil or worm which is disposed at a higher level than the boiler has
a slight fall given to it, and a return pipe of smaller diameter than the
steam pipe leads from the lowest point of the worm or coil back to the
boiler, entering the latter below the water line. Cocks or valves
are provided at suitable positions on the pipes to liberate tho air 5
contained at starting, and a check valve is provided on the return pipe
whore it enters the boiler.
The mode of working is as follows:-Steam is first turned on gontly
to expel the air from the pipes and coil, after which the steam is turned
full on, and becoming condensed in tho coil, the resulting water flows 1
back by its own gravity through the return pipo (which has a
continuous fall throughout its longth) to the boiler to be again
evaporated, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PUMPING OR FORCING WATER, AIR, OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Oram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1874.
I, WILLIAM ORAM, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR PUMPING OR FORCING WATER, AIR, OR OTHER
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention refers to those cases in which fluids are pumped or
forced into air vessels, or are in other ways brought under pressure for
hoisting, pressing, exerting motive power, or other such uses, and
consists in a method of economizing the motive power used for such
pumping or forcing. For this purpose I cause a valve or another part
loaded to the required working pressure to open (when such pressure
has been sufficiently.established for use) a valve, through which the
motive power may then transfer the fluid. To illustrate this I will
suppose it desired to accumulate water in an air vessel under pressure.
For this purpose I employ any ordinary pump forcing water into the
said vessel; but when an excess of pressure has been attained then a

page_text: safety valve is opened, and so far the arrangement would be that in
common use, excepting that for the purpose of my Invention the part
representing the valve may be a simple plug without any provision for
the escape of fluid. To the lever of the safety valve, as I have called it,
I connect another valve, which it opens by its aforesaid motion; and
then the motive power, instead of pumping against pressure will simply
pass the fluid through the said opening into the reservoir for the pumps,
or to any other desired situation.
AN IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF TWINE OR CORD
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Waithman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th June 1874.
I, ARTHUR WAITHMAN, of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
DESCRIPTION OF TWINE OR CORD," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object the production of twine or cord from
a more cheap material than has hitherto been successfully used for the
purpose, and consists of making such twine or cord of jute alone, or jute
combined with other materials such as hemp or flax.
I am well aware that jute has before this time been tried as a material
or fibre both alone and mixed with other fibres from which to make
twine and cord, but hitherto without success owing to the rough and
unfinished appearance of the twine or cord in consequence of the im-
possibility of laying the jute fibres by size or otherwise.
Now by my Invention I am enabled to make twine or cord from jute
alone if desired possessing even a superior appearance to those made
from more expensive materials.

page_text: According to my said Invention I spin
said Invention I spin or twist the fibres of jute or
jute and other materials mixed into twine or cord in the ordinary way,
after which I pass the twine or cord so spun or twisted through a
singeing machine, whereby all the rough fibres of the jute are singed or
burned off. The twine or cord may then if desired be sized and washed
in the ordinary way..
The sizing and washing may be performed before the twine or cord is
submitted to the singeing operation, or if it is not required that the
twine or cord should have a glazed or polished appearance on the
surface the sizing and washing may be dispensed with altogether.
H
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dunning Barker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th September 1874.
I, EDWARD DUNNING BARKER, of 45, Bedford Row, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR PUMPS AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in valves applicable
for pumps, surface condensers, and other engines. For this purpose I
construct a valve of two or more rings of vulcanized india-rubber
mounted upon a metal tube, around which are perforations opposite to
where the rings meet together, and the faces of the rings which meet
together I make hollow towards the centre, so that they touch one
another around their outer edge only. The circumference of each ring
also I form to cone inwards away from such edges, so that the edges of
the rings which touch one another form as it were flexible lips. When
three rings are used the top and bottom face of the central ring are both
formed into lips in this manner, whilst the outer rings are formed with

page_text: one lip only. The rings may be bound around their smaller circum-
ference by wire or otherwise to secure them to the tube, and they are
also held from shifting endwise by collars projecting from the metal
tube, and bearing against the outer edges of the two outer rings.
One end of the perforated metal tube is closed and the other open for
the passage of fluid into it. Any pressure of fluid upon the exterior of
the rings closes the lips firmly together and forms a fluid-tight valve,
but any fluid passing from the interior of the metal tube enters between
the lips which open and allow the fluid to pass freely, a very extended
opening being by this means obtained for the passage of the fluid. By
thus forming a valve of circular elastic lips meeting together and with
two or more such sets of lips around the same tube, a very efficient and
durable valve is obtained having a large waterway with but little move-
ment of the flexible lips and capable of withstanding very high
pressure.
AN IMPROVED CIRCULAR SAW BENCH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ford Stanley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1874.
I, WILLIAM FORD STANLEY, of 5, Great Turnstile, Holborn, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CIRCULAR SAW BENCH," to be as follows:-
This improvement is applied to every description of bench of the kind
used for circular saws or cutters for sawing, grooving, rabbetting or
moulding, and consist of a manner of raising the top surface so that it
may remain level at different heights, the saw or cutter being at the time
relatively stationary.
It is effected in the following manner :-The improved bench is made
in three parts, which I distinguish as "the stand," "the wedge frame,"
and the top.
'
The stand is constructed as the ordinary stand of a saw bench, but
without a top; the saw spindle and bearings are fixed in the ordinary
manner, but somewhat near the upper surface three or more bearing
surfaces are made, either level or on the incline, so as to support and

page_text: The
allow sliding movement to the next part the "wedge frame."
vertical corners of the stand are planed to form sliding fitting for the
top to move vertically on.
"The wedge frame is a frame so constructed that it will hold and move
simultaneously three or more wedges which rest on the surfaces of the
stand described. This frame is drawn towards one side of the stand by
a screw which passes through the stand to be turned with a handle for
adjustment.
The top is a surface for the most part similar to the ordinary bench
top; it rests on the wedge frame described upon three or more prepared 1
surfaces which are constructed under it to correspond with the wedges
on the wedge frame. The corners of the top are brought down so that
they pass over the planed surfaces on the corners of the stand. Eight
brass screws, the points of which bear on the planed surfaces, allow the
top to be adjusted, and to slide up the stand corners by movement of the 1
wedge frame as adjusted by its screw.
This improved bench is made entirely of metal, or of metal and wood;
it is also claimed applicable to other cutting machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abel Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
October 1874.
I, ABEL ROBERTS, of Openshaw, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
« IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
In spinning machinery for cotton and other fibrous materials, a
"clearer" has hitherto been employed which rests and works upon the
drawing rollers between the top front roller, and the top roller imme-
diately behind it. The front roller turns more quickly than the roller
behind it, and the clearer is consequently rotated in a slow irregular
manner between the two, and does not take up the waste and fly
satisfactorily.
My Invention consists in mounting the clearer in bearings formed in
the weight saddle, or arranged from the cap bar, or in any other
convenient manner, so that the clearer will work entirely upon and

page_text: be rotated by the front top roller only. When thus arranged the clearer
has the same uniform surface speed as the top front roller, and more
readily takes up the fibre which would otherwise form laps upon the top
front roller. Separate clearers may be arranged in bearings in like
manner or otherwise to work upon the middle top roller if desired.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR SUPPLYING WATER TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
October 1874. A communication from abroad by Peter Woods, of
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Engineer.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," South-
ampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR SUPPLYING
WATER TO STEAM BOILERS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of an improved method of supplying
water to steam boilers by a simple and convenient mechanical arrange-
ment. In a position near the top of the boiler a chamber is placed as
strongly built as. the boiler itself, into which the water to be used is
conducted. When about three-fourths filled the connection between it
and the supply must be cut off. This chamber is connected to the
boiler by two pipes, one proceeding from the top of the boiler to the
top of the water chamber, and the other proceeding from the bottom of
said chamber to the body of the boiler, each pipe having a cock. Now
if the cock in the upper pipe be opened until there is the same pressure

page_text: in said chamber as in the boiler, and the cock in the lower pipe be then
opened the water will descend from the chamber into the boiler until it
reaches its own level. The connection can then be cut off by shutting
both cocks, and the chamber recharged by opening the supply cock from
the reservoir which feeds it.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baron, Thomas Richmond,
and William Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th February 1874.
We, JOHN BARON, Yarn Agent, and THOMAS RICHMOND and
WILLIAM RICHMOND, Manufacturers, all of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
:-
Our Invention consists of an improved apparatus for damping the
warp in the loom to give clasticity to the yarn and to prevent breakages.
The improved apparatus consists of a trough containing water or other
liquid, and in this trough is a rod or roller mounted on swivel arms
which are moved up and down by rods and levers connected to the weft
fork motion, or the taking up motion, or to other moving part of the
loom; this rod or roller when up applies a portion of the water or other
liquid to a piece of fabric which bears on the warp beam, and the
moisture so applied damps the warp wound on the beam, or the roller

page_text: may be made to revolve slowly in the trough and apply the moisture to
the fabric above referred to.
Our Invention also relates to the shuttles used in looms, and it consists
in an improved mode of varying the tension of the spring attached to the
shuttle peg so as to adapt the spring to cops with different sized holes; to 5
accomplish this we make a screw on the shuttle peg, and on this screw is
a nut which acts against the end of the spring on the shuttle peg; by
turning the nut round the spring is more or less bent according to the
size of hole in the cop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPLINTS, CLAMPS, OR APPARatus FOR REPAIRING CARRIAGE SHAFTS, AXLES, MASTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE CHARACTER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1874.-A communication from abroad by Marcus Devriès,
Merchant, Paris, France.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPLINTS, CLAMPS, OR APPARatus
FOR REPAIRING CARRIAGE SHAFTS, AXLES, MASTS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF LIKE
CHARACTER," communicated to me from abroad by Marcus Deveriès,
Merchant, Paris, France,) to be as follows:
This Invention relates to a system of splints which may be employed
in repairing carriage shafts, axles, springs, ships' masts, rudders, oars,
ladders, scaffolding, driving shafts, rods, telegraphic posts, and other
articles broken accidentally.
The great improvement in these kinds of splints or apparatus is that
they are capable of almost universal application, that is to say, that they
do not require to be made of any particular size, the necessary adjustment
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1874.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of Carnarvon, in the County of Carnarvon,
N. Wales, Linsey Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING THE SPEED
OF MARINE ENGINES," to be as follows:-.
The object of this Invention is to prevent the racing or irregular
working of marine engines caused by the pitching of the vessel, the
propeller being at times nearly or quite out of water, and at times deeply
immersed in it, thus causing the engines in the former case to revolve at
a great speed, wasting the steam, and in the latter case to revolve at a
slow speed, because the resistance of the water varies in proportion to the
depth or distance from the surface. Now I by my Invention economize
the steam by checking the supply of it to the engine when the propeller
has little immersion and consequently little resistance, and by freely
admitting the steam to the engine when the propeller has greater

page_text: immersion and consequently greater resistance, all as hereafter
described.
I place a cylinder lined with glass or other suitable not corrosible
substance in the lower part of the vessel and close to the stern between
the water line and the bottom of the ship, and by means of a pipe or
otherwise communicating at one end with the water near the bottom of
the vessel; the cylinder is fitted with a piston or flexible diaphragm,
which is on one side exposed to the water pressure (which varies with
the depth of immersion of this part of the ship as aforesaid) and on the
other side exposed to an air cushion or spring. The piston is connected
to the throttle valve of the engine by rods and levers or other well
known mechanical equivalents, or by hydraulic pressure in pipes, which
is an equally well known expedient. If the cylinder is communicating
with the water by means of a pipe care should be taken to bend it or
shape it so that the water does not run out in case the stern of the
vessel lifts altogether out of water.
The action is as follows:-The greater the immersion of the stern the
greater will be the pressure on the piston or diaphragm, and the more
steam will be admitted to the engine and vice versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED LIFE- PRESERVING DRESSES AND AIR BUOYs
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by John
Thomas Poole, of Canterbury, New Brunswick, Canada, School
Teacher.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine Lake & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED LIFE-
PRESERVING DRESSES AND AIR BUOYs," a communication, to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to protect the wearer of the dress
from the effects of water and to prevent submersion, and it consists,―
First. In a life-preserving dress of undivided parts of material
impervious to water and of about the form of the human frame, ingress
to which is obtained by the wearer through an opening in a hood,
which opening contracts when entered and is surrounded by a cord pro-
duced by a sudden thickening of the india-rubber around the opening
and closed between inserted hoops, one of which has a tympan provided
with an elastic opening to fit the face and thereby exclude the entrance
of water.

page_text: Secondly. In the combination with the dress of undivided parts of air
buoys in front and rear provided with inflating tubes and straps passing
under the feet, and with stirrups, shoulder, waist, and body straps for
securing the buoys in position.
The edge around the opening is adjusted between an inner hoop of
wood and corresponding outer one of wood or metal. The parts are
secured together by thumb screws passing through the hoops, thus
binding the fabric between them by compression. The inner hoop is
provided with a water-tight tympan having an oval opening which is
furnished with a flexible rubber ring of suitable width to close against
the face of the wearer when the dress is adjusted to exclude water. The
edge around the opening in the hood being thicker than the india-rubber
in the rest of the dress, serves as a packing between the hoops, prevents
its being pulled from between them by the stroke of a wave, and
strengthens it.
In the inner or wooden hoop between the screws holes are bored to
receive spiral springs which separate the hoops to the distance of about
one inch, and allow the dress to be put on or taken off. Straps are pro-
vided at the back of the hood buckling together to keep the same
properly adjusted to the head and face of the wearer.
The aforesaid buoys or air bags are placed two in front and two at
the rear. These buoys are furnished with inflating tubes having suitable
stop valves, and are arranged to permit the buoys to be inflated with air
from the mouth of the wearer. The said air buoys are held in position
by straps passing down the front and rear of the legs and under the feet
forming stirrups. Bands connect the said straps at or about the knees
and ankles. A waist band passes through loops attached to the lower
end of the buoys and keeps them close to the body. The front and rear
buoys are buckled together by straps passing over the shoulders
and under the arm pits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTure OP CEMENT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Reverend Granville
Hamilton Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 30th September 1874.
I, the Reverend GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, of Broughton Rectory,
in the County of Northampton, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTure
OP CEMENT," to be as follows:-
My said Invention is an improvement upon the Invention for which
Letters Patent, No. 34, dated 2nd of January in the present year were
granted to me.
My said former Invention related to a new or improved compound for
the manufacture of cement, plaster, or artificial stone, capable also of
being used as an artificial fuel, according to which Invention I combine
the foul lime of gas works with coke and chalk or limestone, the pro-
portion of coke used not exceeding one half by weight of the quantity
of foul lime and chalk or limestone.
tiam Tu the foul or refuse lime of gas-

page_text: chalk or limestone, and I employ from one-third part to six parts of
coke or coke breeze or an equivalent of the same to one part of foul
lime.
In carrying my said Invention into practise I intimately mix the above
specified materials with water in a mortar mill or in any other suitable
machine. The compound is then dried and subjected to calcination in a
kiln or furnace, or stove. When sufficiently burnt it is reduced to a fine
powder and is then ready for use as cement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOPS FOR SECURING BALES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Betts Bradshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1874.
"
I, JOSEPH BETTS BRADSHAW, of Clough Hill House, Rotherham, in
the County York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOPS FOR SECURING BALES," to be as follows:-
In the Provisional Specification lodged by me on the 4th day of April
last, I described the securing together the ends of hoops for securing
bales by a key over which bends in the two ends to be held together
were caused to lie, and the key being held from escaping from the
bends by means of a slotted curved metal plate, the two parts of the hoop
could not be drawn asunder without straightening out the bends in
them, and this would require a strain greater than required to break the
metal band itself.
According to my present Invention I secure together the two ends of
the bands by introducing a key between them and causing them to
bend outwards away from one another, one on one side of the key and
the other on the other. To effect this, a short length of tube may be

page_text: employed with longitudinal slots cut on two of its opposite sides; the
two ends of the bands to be secured together are passed through these
slots, and a key is then driven in between the two; the parts of the bands
which lie within the tube will thus be bent outwards away from one
another by the key, and will be held securely. The short tube may be
circular in section, or may be oval or of other section; or a slotted bent
metal plate might be used and the two ends of the bands similarly
secured by a key driven between them.
When rivets are used for securing together the ends of bale hoops the
hoops frequently break across at the point where the rivet holes are
made. To obviate this I roll the hoops with longitudinal ridges which
come one on each side of the rivet holes, and thus strengthen the hoops
on both sides of the holes, and prevent the tendency to tear outwards
laterally from the rivet holes. To compensate for this additional thickness
of metal being added to the hoops the other parts of the hoops may be
made thinner, or may have grooves rolled in them to reduce the amount
of metal in them.
•
In some
cases also I form the hoops for securing bales with
longitudinal grooves over their whole surface; if ties, such as are above
mentioned, are used for securing the ends of the hoops, the grooved
surface of the hoop will give additional surface friction in the tie, and a
firm hold will more readily be obtained of its ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS AND PUMPING ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wolstenholme and Charles
Thorpe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th December 1874.
We, JOHN WOLSTENHOLME and CHARLES THORPE, both of Radcliffe
Bridge, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS AND PUMPING
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates in the first place to the class of steam pumps
which are not provided with rotating crank shafts, and has for its object
to impart the necessary movements to the valves, which regulate the
flow of steam into and from the steam cylinders. The steam valve or
valves is or are moved for a part of its or their traverse in each direction
by a positive mechanical motion, the remainder of the movement being
completed by the direct acting force of steam. We couple or connect
the valve spindle to or with a lever which is mounted upon a stud or is
fixed upon a rocking shaft, or is otherwise fitted to vibrate to and fro,
a second-lever or another arm of the first lever being fitted to slide in a
sleeve which is carried to and fro by the piston rod of the pump or by a
reciprocating part of the apparatus, the arrangement being such as that

page_text: as the said piston rod moves to and fro the said lever or levers is or are
caused to vibrate and to impart the desired mechanical movements to
the valve or valves. We usually connect a brake disc provided with an
adjustable brake or spring with the said lever or levers, in order that any
tendency which the valve may have to move too far or to rebound may
be checked.
A second part of our Invention has for its object to govern the speed
or force of the steam pistons of steam pumps. We connect the water
spaces in the pump barrel or in the valve chambers or other suitable
parts of the apparatus with plungers, pistons, diaphragms, or equivalent
appliances which are acted upon by springs, or which are fitted to oppose
an increasing resistance to the pressure of the fluid, so that supposing
two plungers to be employed when the pump piston or ram is moving
in one direction, one of the said plungers will yield to the pressure of the
fluid to an extent proportionate to such pressure, and when the said
piston or ram is moving in the other direction the other of the plungers
will so yield. The said plungers are connected by means of a rocking
shaft or by other arrangements with the throttle valve, and also with the
brake when a brake is employed, in such a manner as that when either
of the plungers sustains a greater pressure than is due to the head of
water or to the required pressure of fluid added to any allowance which
may be made, or which may be considered necessary, the throttle valve
is acted upon to reduce the area of inlet for steam, and at the same time
the pressure on the brake is relieved as near as may be to a corresponding
extent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOUR PRINTING, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS AND ARTICLES USED FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1874.
I, JOSEPH JAMES, of Seckforde Strect, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOUR PRINTING, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHOW CARDS AND ARTICLES USED FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in colour printing,
whereby the brilliant effects heretofore produced by the employment of
tinsel and coloured tin-foil are obtained in a very simple and inexpensive
manner by the use of gold or silver or other such metals as are applicable
to the purpose, either in the condition of leaf or powder, and then
printing the desired colour or colours thereon in a transparent form, so
as to show the brilliancy of the metal or metals beneath the same.
In the first instance the desired letters or devices are printed with
printers' ink upon a flat surface composed of any suitable substance or
substances, such as paper or pasteboard, tin or tin-foil, or other metallic

page_text: paper, or upon plates of any suitable metal or metals, such as iron, zinc,
or tin plate; gold or silver, or other suitable metal or metals, either in
the condition of leaf or powder, is or are then applied to the letters or
devices so printed in the manner which is well understood. The letters
or devices having been thus prepared the desired colour or colours
(which must be of the character known as "transparent") is or are mixed
with transparent varnish or other transparent vehicle or vehicles, and is
or are placed or impressed upon the same, either by means of type,
lithographic stones, or metallic plates, or by the use of stencil plates, as
will be well understood by persons conversant with such operations.
The whole of the external surface is then covered with a coating of
transparent várnish.
By the means above described very brilliant and beautiful effects can
be produced in every possible variety of colour, and at much less cost
than by any of the methods and processes previously emploved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING METALLIC HOOPS OR BANDS EMPLOYED IN PACKING BALES OF GOODS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Marsden, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1874.
I, SAMUEL MARSDEN, junior, of Hale, in the County of Chester, Screw
Bolt Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING METALLIC HOOPS OR BANDS EMPLOYED IN
PACKING BALES OF GOODS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in uniting the two ends of the hoop or band by
passing a pin through loops formed thereon. To obtain these loops I
propose to slit the hoop or band for a suitable length, and then to pass
the metal alternately in the one direction and the other. Both ends
having been treated in this manner either separately or together they are
laid upon each other, the cavity of one part adapting itself to the raised
part of the other, and loops are thus formed through which a pin is
passed, the shape thereof being by preference oval, but it may be of any
other form. The loops may be formed by any suitable punching
machine before or after the hoops or bands are adapted to the bale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS, STUDS, AND SOLITAIRES, AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marco Wilhelm Montauban Van
Swyndregt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st November 1874.
I, MARCO WILHELM MONTAUBAN VAN SWYNDREGT, of Homerton, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS, STUDS, AND SOLITAIRES, AND IN
FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME,” to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is the construction of buttons, studs, and
solitaires, with fastenings for the same, in such a manner that the
button, stud, or solitaire may be quickly and easily applied to or
removed from an article of dress, and without it being necessary to
detach the fastening from such button, stud, or solitaire.
In carrying out my Invention I form the head of the button, stud, or
solitaire of any suitable shape and material, and in the centre of the
back thereof I fix a stem or rod of vulcanized india-rubber; in this stem
or rod and near its outer end I make a small hole at right angles to the
axis of the rod, and through this hole I pass a pin or bolt, preferably of
metal; this pin is then formed with a loop or a head at each end, so as

page_text: to prevent it becoming detached from the india-rubber rod or stem of the
button, stud, or solitaire, at the same time allowing of its being moved
longitudinally in the said hole.
To apply a button, stud, or solitaire thus constructed the pin or
fastening is drawn along the said hole in the india-rubber rod to the end,
and may then be moved down at right angles until it is in a line or
nearly in a line with the axis of the button; the outer end of the pin or
fastening is then passed through an eyelet hole (in the article of dress to
which the button is to be applied), and the india-rubber rod being also
drawn through the eyelet hole the pin or fastening is then moved back
into its normal position and will prevent the button being drawn out.
For attaching buttons, studs, or solitaires having shanks I form a
fastening of a piece of metal wire bent over on itself so as to form a
kind of spring loop, in the centre of one side of which is formed a
semicircular projection for holding the shank of the button. A fastening ]
of this construction being applied to a button, stud, or solitaire, such
button, stud, or solitaire may be attached to an article of dress in a
manner similar to that herein-before described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FRAMES, AS ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MEANS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING SASHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barton and Samuel
Withers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th June 1874.
We, CHARLES BARTON, Gentleman, and SAMUEL WITHERS, Iron Safe
Manufacturer, both of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN SASH FRAMES, AS ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MEANS FOR RAISING AND
LOWERING SASHES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
-
Our Invention has for its object the superceding the necessity of sash
weights as a counterpoise for assisting the raising and lowering of
sashes, and this we affect by making the sash frame without the usual
recesses for the weights to work in, and converting the ordinary sash
frame pullies into hollow or box pullies for holding in each a flat coiled
spring, one end of the spring being fixed to the internal periphery of the
hollow pulley, and the inner end we fix to the axis on which the pully
works, the range of action of the said coil spring being equal to the
elevating range of the sash or sashes desired to be pulled down or
elevated in the sash frame by the sashes being placed and held in
position for sliding by the ordinary sash beads now in use.

page_text: A cord, tape, flat chain, or metal ribbon, or other suitable material,
being used for connecting the sashes to the peripherys of the spring
pullies which are placed in the ordinary position in which sash pullies.
are now used (namely) the top part of the stiles of the sash frame, the
cords or other means of connection (before referred to) being attached on
each side to the respective sashes in such a way that when the sash is
down or closed the springs are coiled up around the axis on which the
pulley works, ready to expand their force in assisting the elevation and
lowering of the respective sashes in connection with them, and ready
again for contraction when the sashes are again lowered or raised.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STRAIGHTENING, MEASURING, AND CUTTING WIRE OR RODS OF METAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lord at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1874.
I, JOHN LORD, of Rastrick, in the County of York, Commercial
Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STRAIGHTENING, MEASURING, AND CUTTING WIRE
OR RODS OF METAL," to be as follows:-
This improved machinery consists of a series of fixed pins or rollers,
between which six or other convenient number of wires or rods are
drawn, and by which they are straightened simultaneously, and two
series of jaws, vices, or holders which are travelled to and fro alternately
on fixed bars or slides by adjustable crank pins in face plates or other
equivalents. These jaws, vices, or holders are opened and closed
alternately to carry the wires or rods forward, and to release them after
they have been drawn forward. The wires are cut to the required
lengths by a knife or cutter, which is actuated by a lever and a tappet
on the second motion shaft, or in any other convenient manner.

page_text: The production of the machine may be doubled by the addition of a
third face plate and the requisite jaws, vices, or holders and the
straightening apparatus. By this modification a considerable saving in
labour would be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING, SHUTTING, AND SECURING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1874.
I, FREDERICK COLE, of 24, Victoria Park Road, South Hackney, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OPENING, SHUTTING,
AND SECURING WINDOW SASHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in apparatus for
hanging, suspending, also for opening, shutting, raising, lowering, and
securing window sashes, shutters, and other sliding frames, which will
entirely dispense with the use of sash lines, pullics, and weights, usally
employed in hanging window sashes, thereby saving a considerable
amount of labour and expense.
In carrying out my Invention the sashes are fitted with wrought iron
or other metal screws, nuts, side rods, and cross bars, the screws are
made to any desired length, size, and pitch, with one or more threads, so
as to raise or lower the sashes with speed; one end of the side rods is

page_text: connected to the sash and the other end is attached to the cross bar; the
nut is firmly fixed in the centre of the cross bar; the screw fitting and
passing through the nut is held by a top and bottom plate below or
under the sash frame in a vertical position; a small wheel is made fast on
the end of screw, and on a spindle set in bearings a wheel is fixed and
made to gear into the wheel on the top of screw, and by means of a
handle is caused to rotate while the nut travels up and down the screw,
giving motion to the cross bar; thus raising, lowering, opening, shutting,
and securing window sashes.
I shall also use for some window sashes screws fixed on each side
close to the stile of the sash frame for opening each sash; and for other
light sashes, screws are fixed on one side, and on the other side. I fix
friction rollers in the stile of the sash frame for the sashes to slide on,
the nut on screw is connected to the sash. Wheels and spindles are
applied to work the screws by turning a handle for the purpose of
opening and shutting window sashes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE TO THE RAISING AND EXPELLING OF FLUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lowther Murphy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th June 1874.
I, JOHN LOWTHER MURPHY, of Edgbaston, in the County of Warwick,
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE TO THE RAISING
AND EXPELLING OF FLUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention refers more particularly to the raising of beer, wines,
and other liquors from barrels or other closed vessels, water from ships'
holds, mines, wells, or borings, or oil from oil wells.
For raising and expelling liquors from barrels or other closed vessels
by atmospheric pressure I employ an inlet and outlet pipe, both of which
are fitted into the barrel or closed vessels. A vulcanized india-
rubber mammal may be used to force the air through the inlet pipe,
which is placed in the mammal and then fixed into the barrel. The
outlet pipe through which the liquor is expelled may have a bow or
other suitably shaped end or tap, and in place of the mammal any other
form of blower, such as bellows or fans, may be used, by pressing the

page_text: air contained in the mammal through the inlet pipe into the barrel or
other closed vessel, or by otherwise blowing air through the inlet pipe
and into the barrel the liquor will be displaced and driven out of the
barrel through the outlet pipe.
In applying my Invention to ships' holds or mines I employ a closed 5
tank with valves opening inwards, and when the closed tank is filled the
water may be readily forced out by the means already described.
To raise the water from a well it must be domed over above the water
level, and an inlet and outlet pipe fitted therein, the inlet pipe having a
suitable blower, and which may consist of a wooden or iron cylinder and 1
piston if required.
For borings, an inlet and outlet pipe are fixed into the wet soil, sand,
or gravel, and the water may be readily discharged.
For raising or expelling liquors, the tubes employed are best made of
other material than metal, as the latter is acted upon chemically by the 1
acids, and to a degree prejudicial to health, in the ordinary pipes and
machines employed to distribute them.