CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
HEYWOOD, of Water Street, in Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Coach
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eleventh day of February now
last past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Benjamin Heywood, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, that I, the said Benjamin Heywood, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Benjamin Heywood, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER
CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said Benjamin Heywood, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Benjamin Heywood, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
consists,―
First, in so constructing the sliding windows of railway and other carriages

page_text: that the wooden framing which usually surrounds the glass is entirely dispensed
with, and the window is formed of a plate of glass, the edges of which are
suitably rounded.
Secondly, in lining the grooves of carriage windows with vulcanized india
rubber, leather, velvet, or other suitable material, instead of covering the
edges of the window frame with the same..
Thirdly, in securing the glass string or strap by which the sliding window is
raised and lowered to carriage windows made entirely of glass.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me,
reference being had to the annexed Drawing, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a carriage door, and Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation
of the same. Figs. 3 and 4 are detached views, drawn full size, of a clip for
securing the glass string to the window. Figs. 5 and 6 are two views of
another modification of parts for securing the glass string to the window. In
Figs. 1 and 2 a is the carriage door which in most respects is similar to doors
of the usual construction; bis the sliding window made of glass, without any
wooden frame around it. c is the groove in which the window slides; this
groove is lined with vulcanized india rubber, leather, velvet, or any other
suitable material or fabric, and the edges of the plate of glass b are rounded so
that the lining may not be cut by the moving up and down of the window.
d is the glass string which may be fastened to the plate of glass by either
of the clips shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, or by any other suitable means.
The clip shewn in Figs. 3 and 4, and also in Figs. 1 and 2, consists of a
plate e, to which are attached two screws e¹, these screws pass through two
holes in the glass, and through two other holes in the plate f, and they are
furnished with puts, by which the plates e and fand the glass are held together.
Care must be taken to introduce a piece of cloth or other yielding substance
between the glass and the plates e and f, to prevent the glass from being
broken by the tightening up of the screws e¹. To the plate f are fixed two
projections, united by a wire f', which supports a thin metal tube, around
which the glass string d is sewn. Another mode of attaching the glass string
to windows made without wooden framing is shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 In
these views the wires f' and tube f2 are dispensed with, and the glass string
is secured between the plate f and the plate glass of which the window b is
composed. Although I have shewn my improvements in windows applied
only to the windows of carriage doors, I wish it to be understood that they are

page_text: also applicable to other parts of carriages where sliding windows are used. In
those cases where the windows slide horizontally, and the glass string is not
required, a handle is attached to the plate glass in the same way as the clip
formed by the plates e and f.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the best means
with which I am acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I declare that
I claim as my Invention,―
First, the peculiar construction of carriage windows, as herein-before
described.
Secondly, I claim the lining of the grooves in which carriage windows slide,
as herein-before described. And,
Lastly, I claim the method I have shewn for securing the glass string to
my improved windows, or any equivalent means for effecting the same object.
And this my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely
new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification
doth comply in all respects fully, and without reserve or disguise, with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained,
wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Heywood, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.