IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Hippius, of Russell Square, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF STOVES FOR HEATING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 13th April 1865, and dated the 14th October 1864.,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Hippius .at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1864.
I, ALEXANDER HIPPIUS, of Russell Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES FOR HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of stoves
specially intended for heating rooms; whereby great economy of fuel is effected
and a regular warmth of air maintained without any effluvia or escape of the
products of combustion from the stove except by the chimney. The stove is
to be constructed of iron and fire-brick in combination. The grate or hearth,
according as, coal, wood, or peat is used for fuel, is situated at the centre of
the foundation, and is arched over in order to form a dome roof, having an
opening or outlet at the side in communication with the outer casing or wall
of the stove. Above the dome the stove is subdivided by a series of horizontal
shelves, which being opened at alternate ends form corresponding chambers or
bot air passages for the purpose of the complete absorption of the heat and
the ultimate distribution by contact throughout the entire stove. The.products
of combustion are finally conveyed by a descending shaft to a flue in com-
munication with a chimney, so that no noxious vapour can escape into the

page_text: chamber or room in which the stove is placed. It will thus appear evident
that the series of shelves provides a large amount of heating surface, which
heat is thrown out by radiation from the exterior of the stove, thus warming
the air without in any degree affecting its purity.
For small rooms a modification of the above principle may be applied by
placing in the interior and midway between front and back of the stove a
vertical screen or partition, branching vertically from the dome or mouth of
the stove and reaching almost to the top thereof; the heat will then pass up
behind the screen, over its upper part, and down in front of the same,
escaping ultimately through the flue.
The doors of the stove are formed doubly, the inner door shutting in the
fire, and the outer door being tightened up by a set screw, so as to hermetically
seal or enclose the stove to prevent the escape of any noxious fumes. The
stove may be made of a square horizontal section to stand out from a wall, or
if desired, it may be made of a triangular form for the purpose of being set in
the corner of a room. The arrangements of the chambers so far as regards
their form, direction, or number, may be varied without deviating from the
principles of the Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Hippius in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th April 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
HIPPIUS, of Russell Square, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
'Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for. Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me,
the said Alexander Hippius, Her special licence that I; the said Alexander
Hippius, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Alexander Hippius, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES FOR HEATING PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Hippius, my

page_text: executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Hippius, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
"This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of stoves
specially intended for heating rooms, whereby great economy of fuél is effected,
and a regular warmth of air maintained without any effluvia or escape of the
products of combustion from the stove except by the chimney. The stove is
constructed of iron and brick in combination, and is fitted with metal doors.
The grate or hearth is situated in the lower part, and is arched over" or
covered with a large fire lump, having an opening in front or side through
which the fuel is inserted. Above, and sometimes at both the sides and back
of the fire space, the stove consists of a series of horizontal or vertical flues,
which being heated by the fire and smoke when ascending to the chimney,
communicate their heat to the entire stove, which then in its turn radiates it
throughout the apartment. The stove is closed by hermetical doors, which,
when closed, exclude the draught and prevent all possible escape of any
particle of hot air contained in the stove through the chimney. Below tho
fuel door is another one, also capable of being hermetically closed, through
which a draught of air is conveyed below the fuel. Besides the smoke flues I
construct channels or passages in the brickwork of the stove through which
the external air enters, and becoming heated in its passage re-enters the room
by one or more openings. This heated air may also, when desired, be
conveyed from the stove by flues or earthenware pipes to any part of the
house. The same principle may be applied to kitchen stoves having a hot
plate instead of the fire lump or arch above the fire, and necessary space being
left in the brickwork for the formation of the smoke and hot air flues as
before stated. Such a stove has the advantage that in addition to cooking
with the same amount of fuel, its heats according to its situation not only the
kitchen but the next room thereto, and also the next floor by means of hot air
flues. The stove can be constructed in any form and size to suit and fill up
such space as
is occupied by the ordinary fire-places, and may have an orna-
mental mantel-piece; in fact, it may be of the same size and form or shape as

page_text: the English fire-place. It can be plain, plastered, covered with paper-hangings,
.china, or porcelain tiles, terra cotta, slate, or marble.
:
The Drawings annexed shew two examples of my stove from which all
other forms may be understood; the air flues are not shewn, as they may be
formed in any courses desired in the brickwork of the sides of the stove and
between the flues themselves.
Fig. 1 represents a front view of a stove of an oblong square horizontal
section; Figs. 2 and 3 are longitudinal vertical sections of the same, and
Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section; Figs. 5, 6, and 7, are horizontal sections
taken respectively on the lines M, N, K, L, and P, Q, of the three other
sections. The numbers and arrows indicate the course of the various
chambers or passage of the products of combustion to the flue , Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 represents a transverse vertical section of a stove suitable for the corner
of a room, taken through the line A, B, of Fig. 9, which is a horizontal
section taken through the line E, F, of Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a horizontal section
through the line C, D, of Fig. 8. The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, at Fig. 9 shew the
course of the smoke and heated products to the flue z.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would remark in conclusion that I do not
limit myself to any precise form of stove or of the flues or air passages to be
made therein, as the same may evidently be varied in many ways as may be
thought most convenient; but what I claim and desire to be secured to me by
.the herein in part recited Letters Patent are, the general construction and
arrangement of stovo as herein specified and shewn or any others substantially
.to all intents and purposes the same thereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Hippius, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
ALEXANDER HIPPIUS. (L.S.)
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,-
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross..