A Device for the Protection of the Flame of Lamps from Disturbance from Currents of Air.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 9th June, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Device for the Protection of the Flame of Lamps from Disturbance
from Currents of Air.
We, EDWARD JAMES FROST, Mechanical Engineer, residing at Number 1718
Spring Garden Street, in the City of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United
States of America, and MERTON PIERPONT STEVENS, Mechanical Engineer,
residing at Number 732 Union Street, in said City of Philadelphia, State of
Pennsylvania, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It is well known that the exposure of the chimney of a lamp to external currents
of air causes unsteadiness or extinction of the flame, thus rendering it impossible to
burn a lamp so exposed. Particularly is this difficulty encountered where the lamp
is connected with a chamber or an apartment that is in motion, such as a railway
car, from which there is an outlet or passage way leading from the lamp chimney
to the external atmosphere..
The object of our invention is to obviate and prevent this difficulty and produce
a device that shall protect a lamp so situated from being disturbed by currents of
air, while at the same time, by means of our device, the apartment in which the
lamp is situated shall be ventilated.
To this end our invention, briefly stated, consists in providing a chamber con-
nected with the chamber in which the lamp is situated into which supplemental
chamber the chimney of the lamp extends and which while, in turn, being connected
with the external atmosphere is yet so arranged as that its interior is not affected
by the external currents.
Our invention will be readily understood by reference to the annexed drawings
in which-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a combined lamp and device embodying our
invention, and
Figure 2 a similar view but in modified form.
In the drawings A represents a lamp attached to the roof, or ceiling B, of a
railway car, or other enclosure, with the lamp-chimney D, extending above the
same and terminating in a supplemental chamber E. The lamp may be attached
to the roof B of the enclosure C by means of the perforated casing F, or otherwise.
The chamber E, thus communicates with the chamber C, and constitutes an extension
thereof.
H represents a cup or cover for chamber E, being supported by the wall G of
the latter, and said cup, or cover, is provided with openings K K.
This chamber E, is surrounded by and supports the wind cap L, in which M M
are a series of openings in the top for the exit of the products of combustion arising
from the chamber E and N N are a series of openings at the bottom allowing rain
or other foreign material to pass by the openings K K in the cap H of the
chamber E and to escape at the openings N N of the wind-cap, and V is a flange
for the purpose of deflecting the air currents. O is a diaphragm, or deflector,
located above the chimney D of the lamp A and within the chamber E leaving an
Price 8d 1

page_text: annular врасе P between the diaphragm, or deflector O, and the casing G of the
chamber E. The area of the annular space P may be varied according to the
requirements of the lamp A. Q is a reducer, located within the chamber E between
the diaphragm or deflector O and the cap H, and with its periphery in contact with
the casing G of the chamber E and designed to restrict to the opening R the
passage for the products of combustion from the lamp A.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-—
The products of combustion arising from the chimney D of the lamp A pass
through the annular opening P, the openings R and K K and out through the
wind-cap L by means of the openings M M, and carry with them a portion of the
atmosphere contained in the chamber E. The area of the annular opening P, and
the openings R and K K determine the velocity with which the currents move and,
together with the relative construction of these openings, prevent any disturbances
of the external atmosphere from materially affecting the draft of the lamp.
It will be seen that all the heat products from the lamp pass to the external
atmosphere without heating the enclosure C, surrounding the lamp A, and also that
a partial ventilation of this enclosure C is obtained.
This ventilation can be further increased as shown in Figure 2, by means of an
additional chamber S surrounding the chamber E and communicating with the
enclosure C and surmounted by the wind-cap L.
It will be readily seen that a portion of the heat radiated from the chimney D is
communicated to the chamber S thus causing an upward current of air from the
enclosure C which current is accelerated by the passage of the heated products from
the lamp through the openings M M in the wind-cap L.
The wind cap L may be attached to either the casing G of the chamber E as
shown in Figure 1, or to the casing T of the ventilating chamber S, as shown in
Figure 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In a device for protecting the flame of lamps from disturbance the combination
with the lamp and apartment where the same is connected, of supplemental
chamber E, surrounding the chimney of the lamp, said supplemental chamber
having openings K K therethrough and being surmounted by a wind-cap L, with
openings or passage-ways extending from chamber E through said wind-cap to the
external atmosphere, substantially as described.
2. In a device for protecting the flame of lamps from disturbance in combination
with the chamber E, a reducer Q, located within said chamber and supported
thereby, for the purpose and substantially as specified.
3. In a device for protecting the flame of lamps &c., in combination with the
chamber E, the wind-cap L provided with an opening, or openings, M M and N N
and deflector V for the purpose and substantially as described.
4. In a device for protecting the flame of lamps &c., in combination with
chamber E, a diaphragm, or deflector O, arranged within said chamber with
opening P, between the wall of said chamber and said deflector for the purpose and
substantially as described.
5. In a device for protecting the flame of lamps &c., in combination with the
chambers E, and C the chamber S the same communicating at its lower end with
said chamber C and at the upper end with the external atmosphere through
openings M M for the purpose and substantially as described.
6. In a device for protecting the flame of lamps &c., in combination with the
chamber, or enclosure C the chamber E, diaphragm or deflector O, reducer Q,
cap H and wind-cap L, with passage-ways extending from chamber C to the
external atmosphere, for the purpose and substantially as described.
7. In a device for protecting the flame of lamps &c., in combination with the

page_text: chamber C, and lamp A the chambers E and S the chamber E being provided
with deflector O, reducer Q, cap H, and wind-cap L, all arranged substantially as
and for the purpose described.
Dated this 04th day of A 1901
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.