CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN VALVES APPLICABLE TO PUMPS, AND ALSO IN. APPARATUS TO REGULATE THE PRESSURE AND FLOW OF WATER OR AIR IN AND THROUGH PIPES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, JÕHN
HOSKING, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of
November (One thousand eight hundred and fifty), in the fourteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant. unto
me, the said John Hosking, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power,' sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Hosking,
my exors, adiňors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Hosking,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed;
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN VALVES APPLICABLE TO PUMPS, AND ALSO IN. APPARATUS TO REGULATE
THE PRESSURE AND FLOW OF WATER OR AIR IN AND THROUGH PIPES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Hosking,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed; by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being.
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Hosking, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention to consist,-
First, in so constructing a valve that it may have an area of water-way or
passage through it almost or wholly equal or even exceeding the area of the
bottom ring or seating of the valve. Valves thus constructed are not liable
to the injurious effects which result to those now in general use, arising from
the velocity of the current flowing through them occasioned by contracted
water-way and by concussion.
Secondly, in regulating the pressure and flow of water or air through pipes
by means of a valve connected to a floating and weighted air vessel, the
weight of which may be increased or diminished in any degree at pleasure, so
as to obtain any required degree of pressure with expedition and certainty;
whereas the mode now generally adopted of obtaining the required pressure
on such fluids is by the use of stand pipes, which give only a limited pressure
proportioned to their height.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view in section of a valve made according to my Inven-
tion, with a water-way greater than the area of the bottom ring which forms
the seat of the valve; Figure 2 is a plan of the same valve, exhibiting its
construction in various parts; Figure 3 is a side view in section of a valve
made according to my Invention; as applied to a bucket, the bottom ring of
the valve being the shell of the bucket; and Figure 4 is a plan of the same
valve. Figure 5 is a side view of another valve made according to my Inven-
tion, a part of which is shown in section; and Figure 6 is a plan of Figure 5,
exhibiting its construction in different parts. Figure A exhibits a side eleva-
tion in section of apparatus made according to my Invention for regulating
the pressure and flow of fluids through pipes, In Figure 1, N represents the
valve box or chamber; 0, the suction or supply pipe; d, d, d, d, the clacks or
falls, those to the right being exhibited open, and those to the left being shown
closed; 61, 61, 61, 61, represent the frame of the valve, which is constructed of a
number of rings made to fit one upon another, diminishing in diameter from
the bottom ring upwards in proportion to their diminished requirements for
water passage. Each ring is divided into a.number of radiating passages or
apertures a, a, a, a, proportionate to its diameter, by bars or stiles as shewn at
b, b, b, Figure 2. These bars not only serve the purpose of dividing the ring
into passages, but they also form in part the bed or seat for the respective
clacks, and being of a wedge-like form, resulting from the radiation or diver-
gence of the passages, they present little or no obstruction to the easy flow of

page_text: the current of water. The rings fitting one upon another, as above specified,
are set down and fixed together by a screw shown at C, C, Figures 1 and 5,
or they may be otherwise secured, so as to form a fixed bed or seat for the
clacks. The clacks in valve, Figure 1, are secured in their places by their
inner sides being pressed between the rings, and the elevation to which they
rise is limited by the rings. The number of rings and the number of aper-
tures in each depend generally on the size of the valve; but they may also
require to be varied in consequence of the pressure resulting from the height
of the lift or the speed of the pump. The clacks or falls d, d, Figures 1 and 2,
may be made of leather, india rubber, gutta percha, or any other suitable
material; and when the pressure upon them is great, they may be strengthened
by metal plates in the usual way. Each fall may be made separately, or each
set of one entire ring, similar to the rings at present in use for air-pump
buckets.
In Figure 3, s, s, s, and e, exhibit the whole of the rings containing the
radiating passages, cast in one piece, and shown as applied to a bucket for
pumping, e, e, being the bottom ring or shell of the bucket. The clacks f,f,f,
are each made from one piece of elastic material, so that, after they have been
passed over the projections g, g, g, they collapse and fall into their respective
places, as shown, and they are retained and limited in their rise by those
projections.
.
In Figure 5, h, h, h, represent balls or spheres in. the construction of a valve
according to my Invention, which are employed in place of clacks or falls.
These balls are placed upon circular orifices i, i, i, at the top of the radiating
passages, see Figure 6, and they form suitable beds or seats for the ball clacks.
These balls are kept in their working position, and limited in their rise, by the
inverted cups or guards k, k, k, in which the openings m, m, m, see Figure 5,
are left to allow of the escape of any extraneous matter, and to admit of the
back pressure of the water on the return stroke of the pump.
In Figure A, a, a, represent the floating vessel of an apparatus for regu-
lating the pressure and flow of water through pipes, the upper portion of
which is occupied by air, and the lower portion by water. a is a bar fixed
passes, and
rod
to the air vessel through a hole in the centre of which the
from which it is suspended by a cotter. To the bottom of this rod is attached
a weight box g, with weights shown in it, some of which may be removed or
others added, as required. r, r, are links by which the cylindrical valve c is
suspended from the air vessel a. d is a cylindrical seat to the valve c closed
on the top, but having openings e, e, e, e, through that part over which the
valve slides when it has an upward or downward motion. h is the inlet pipe
:

page_text: conveying water under pressure to the regulating apparatus. The water
passes from this pipe through the openings e, e, e, of the valve seat d, after
which it discharges itself through the pipe i. When the pressure of water in
the pipes h and i is equal, and the valve regulated by the floating apparatus to
a corresponding pressure, the valve will then rise till the area through the
openings in the valve seat is equal to the area of the outlet pipe; but should
the pressure in this pipe i be suddenly diminished, the valve would then lower
and partially close the passages, whereby the pressure of water in the pipe h
would continue as before, or nearly so.
Having now described the nature of my Inventions, and the manner I carry
them into operation, I declare that in a valve I do not claim constructing it
with a number of small passages, nor the use of entire rings to constitute the
falls or clacks of a valve, nor constructing it in a terraced form. But what I
do claim as of my Invention is, the construction of valves such as I have shown
and described, having a number of passages through rings in a radiating or
diverging direction from the centre of the valve.
I claim also in valves, generally, the use of three or more balls as substi-
tutes for clacks.
And, lastly, I claim, in apparatus for regulating the pressure and flow of
water and air in and through pipes, a weighted floating air vessel in combina-
tion with a valve such as I have shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hosking, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord