Improvements in Bullets or Shot.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 17th Oct., 1895-Accepted 30th Nov., 1895
F
Improvements in Bullets or Shot.
1, HENRY JONES, Park Place, Adwy'r-Clawdd, near Wiexham, Mason, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows.
This invention has reference more particularly to bullets or shot used in fire-arms,
machine guns, quick firing guns, and the like, and has for its object and effect to
provide certain improvements in bullets or shot for such guns which are hereafter
described.
According to this invention, a bullet is provided with a chamber which I call a
magazine, in which is coutained the charge of explosive material, and is so con-
structed internally that this charge becomes ignited and fired when the bullet
becomes lodged, and the resulting pressure due to its ignition, causes the main part
of the bullet to be propelled forward, while the tail or the base thereof is forced
backwards, and thus under many encumstances, the bullet will be self-extracting.
In a bullet having these characteristics, assuming the body to be made of lead or
Similar material, the base or rear part of the bullet is made lighter than the front
part, and this disposition of weight is afforded largely by the presence of the
chambers within the body The chambered portion consists of the magazine
towards or near the centre of the bullet, in which an explosive material is contained,
while extending between this chamber and the base, is a fuse device, and outsido
this fuse device, 18 a concentric chamber extending to near the base of the bullet
At the base is a closing plug fitting in and held by the metal of the body of the
bullet The magazine is enclo-ed by a metal casing, sny of brass or similar amitable
material, which may be conveniently stamped to the form required, and extending
between this part of the base plug is a ylinder of brass or of similar material, 80
that the whole chambered parts are enclosed by casings of suitable metal. When
these parts are made separate, they may be fastened together by screwing them, or
in other suitable way.
L
The fuso above referred to 18 spirally arranged upon the exterior of a central
core formed on or connected with the base plug, and extending up to the base
of the magazine; and outside this fuse spindle, a tube is fitted, say screwed
onto it.
At the point of connection between the magazine and the annular chamber
round the fuse core, there 13 a diaphragm or ring having holes through it which
make communication between these two spaces, and again, there may in some cases
be a similar perforated ring provided at about the central part of the anoular
chamber These ings serve to strengthen the structure of the parts internally and
externally.
Above the fuse core, and extending into the magazine is an inner cap, and this
cap fits into the fuse spindle o core pipe, and is made of similar metal to the
magazine chambers.
The fuse is laid in a suitable spiral groove formed in the core, and a seat is
provided outside the fuse groove to receive and hold a covering tape, the edges of
which are supported by the core metal.
The base plug is provided with a touch hole extending to and connecting the
exterior and base portion of the bullet with the lower or outer end of the fuse: and
it is secured in the base of the bullet body by an annular ledge of metal forming
part of the metal of which the body of the bullet is made.

page_text: Generally, the chamber herein called the magazine, is the one which alone is
charged with the explosive; but in some cases, the cap alone may be charged with
the explosive, or the annulai chamber or part thereof may be so charged.
In action, when the bullet is fired from the gun, the fuse is ignited, and burns
during its flight, and when it is lodged, the fuse continues to burn until the igniting
material is set light to by it, when by this explosion, the explosive in the magazine
is ignited and an internal charge and pressure due to the combustion of this
material is set up This pressure acting lengthwise and upon the base plug of the
bullet, forces this plug and the body asunder, longitudinally, wheroupon, the body
is propelled forwards, while the base with the fuse core and parts connected with it,
are driven backwards.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1895.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
1. Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
'
1, HENRY JONES, Park Place, Adwy'r-Clawdd, near Wrexham, Masou, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This mvention has reference more particularly to bullets or shot used in fire-armis,
machine guns, quick fing guns, and the like, and has for its object and effect to
provide certain improvements in bullets on shot for such guns which are heremafter
descubed.
According to this invention, a bullet is provided with a chamber which I call a
magazine, in which is contained the change of explosive material, and 13 50
constructed internally that this charge becomes ignited and fired when the bullet
becomes lodged, and the resulting pressme due to its ignition, causes the main part
of the bullet to be propelled forward, while the tail or the base thereof is forced
backwards; and thus under many circumstances, the bullet will be self-extracting.
The invention will be further described by the aid of the accompanying
drawings, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the bullet, and Figure 2
plan at AA Figure 1; while Figure 3 shews, a detail of the bullet hereinafter
described
In a bullet having these characteristics, assuming the body to be made of lead or
similar material, the base or rear part of the bullet is made lighter than the front
part, and this disposition of weight is afforded largely by the presence of the
chambers within the body.
The chambered portion consists of the magazine a towards or near the centre of
the bullet, in which an explosive material is contamed, while extending between
this chamber and the base b, is a fuse device c, and outside this fuse device, is a
concentric chamber extending to near the base of the bullet. At the base is n
closing plug e fitting in and held by the metal of the body of the bullet. The
magazine is enclosed by a metal casing a', say of brass or similar suitable material,
which may be conveniently stamped to the form required, and extending between
this part of the base plug is a cylinder d' of bass or of similar material, so that
the whole chambered parts are enclosed by casings of suitable motal. When these
parts are made separate, they may be fastened together by screwing them, or in
other suitable way
The fuse is spirally arranged upon the exterior of a central core c formed on
or connected with the buso plug e, and extend.ug up to the base of the magazine a ;
and outside this fuse core, a tube is fittel, any screwed onto it

page_text: At the point of connection between the magazine a and the angular,chamber d
round the fuse core, there is a diaphragm or ring having holes through it which
make communication between these two spaces; and again, a similar perforated
ring is provided at about the central part of the annular chambor. These rings
and serve to strengthen the structure of the parts internally and externally.
Above the fuse cote r, and extending into the magazine, is an unet cap k, and
this cap fits into the fuse spindle o core pipe h, and is made of similar metal to
the magazine chamber: The cap is provided with holes through which
communication between it and the magazine a is made when it becomes ignited;
and it is charged with stable igniting or explosive substance
The fuse c is laid in a suitable spiral groove formed in the core c, and a seat c³
is provided outside the fuse groove to receive and hold a covering tapo c', the
edges of which are supported by the seats c
The base plug e is provided with a touch hole / extending to and conncoting the
exterior and base portion of the bullet with the lower or outer end of the fuse c',
and it is secured in the base b of the bullet body by an annular ledge m of metal
forming part of the metal of which the body of the bullet is made.
Generally, the magazine a is the only chamber which is charged with tho
explosive; but in some cases, the cap A alone may be charged with the explosive;
or the annular chamber d, or part thereof may be so charged
The improvement according to this invention as regards the use of a chambered
bullet, that is, a bullet with a chamber or chambers in the rear part thereof, may
be used alone, as well as in conjunction with other improvements herein included,
under the invention. As stated, the effect of this construction or formation 15,
that oscillation of the bullet in flight is prevented. In some cases, the base of the
bullet is hollowed out, as shewn, in order to assist in giving to the rear part of the
bullet a lighter weight than the front part, as above referred to.
In action, when the bullet is fired from the gun, the fuse e' is ignited through
the touch hole, and burns during its flight, and when it is lodged, the fuse continues
to burn until the igniting material in the cap is set light to by it, when, by this
ignition, the explosive of the magazine a is ignited, and an internal charge and
pressure due to the combustion of this material is set up. This pressure acting
lengthwise and upon the base plug e of the bullet, forces this plug and the body/
asunder, longitudinally, whereupon, the body is propelled for wards, while the
base e with the core c and parts connected with it, are diven backwards.
In the manufacture of the bullet, when the internal parts are changed and fitted,
and the core placed in position, the flange portion at the base (which previously
may be in the form of an annulai flauge) is formed or worked into the form shewn
in the drawing, namely, the internal part is pressed or worked into a ledge m, by
which the whole of the internally fitted parts are held in place. This ledge m
however, when the change inside the bullet is ignited, is sheared by the action of
the moving asunder of the body and the base plug e, and the parts attached to it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim 16:
1. A hollow bullet adapted to contain within it an explosive charge, which, when
ID an object, 18 fired through a fuse, and constructed so that by such explosion, the
bullet 18 forced forward; substantially as herein described.
2. A bullet compusing a chambered budy, and a base plug e, the chambered
part being charged with an explosive and connected through a fuse, with the base,
and such base and core connected with it being adapted to become disengaged and
separated from the body when the explosive charge is ignited, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
3. A bullet constructed substantially as described with its base or rear portion
lighter than the front portion: for the purpose specified
4. A bullet consisting of or comprising a body, a lining or castug a', or a¹ and d¹.

page_text: a base plug e; fuse core c, connected with said base, and covering tape e;
arranged and adapted to operate as and for the purposes set forth with reference to
the drawings.
5. In a hollow bullet or shot adapted to contain an explosive charge, the fuse
device and base, arranged and operating as set forth with reference to and shewn
in the drawings.
6. The bullet having its parts arranged, constructed, and adapted to operate,
particularly as set forth with reference to and shewn in the drawings
Dated this 16th day of October 1895.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.