IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Watson, of St. Albans, in the County of
Hertford, Nurseryman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES."
Sealed the 23rd September 1873, and dated the 2nd April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Watson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd April 1873.
I, JOHN WATSON, of St. Albans, in the County of Hertford, Nursery-
5 man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR HEATING ConservaTORIES, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER HORTICULTURAL
STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of my Invention is to heat conservatories, greenhouses, and

page_text: than heretofore, and to effect this object by means of a portable
apparatus and without the use of fixed hot water pipes.
My improved apparatus consists of a kind of vertical stove, made by
preference in a cylindrical form, of fire-brick or some other refractory
material enclosed within a metal casing, which may be perforated to let
out a portion of the radiating heat. The space within the cylinder forms
the fire-chamber, into which the fuel is introduced through a suitable
side opening. The chamber is covered by a dome, and is provided with
a flue to carry off the gaseous products of combustion. At the lower
part of the cylindrical chamber is a grating which supports the fuel, and
therefore forms the fire-bars. These bars are made hollow, or are com-
posed of tubes through which water is made to flow from a shallow
evaporating pan or dish placed above the level of the top of the stone.
Water is supplied to this dish from any suitable cold water reservoir
through a pipe which is provided with a stop-cock, so that the quantity
may be regulated according to the amount of evaporation. The water
runs from this dish into a cylinder, from whence it is conveyed by a
pipe to the hollow fire-bars, through which it circulates, and is thereby
heated. It then passes up another pipe, and is delivered in a heated
state into a second shallow pan or dish which communicates by a lateral
opening with the first dish, so that the heated water flows from the
second dish into and mingles with the cold water in the first dish. The
water circulates in these round dishes, and gives off therefrom heat and
steam, the dishes being covered with perforated covers to allow the
steam to escape, and when it has given off a certain portion of heat it
passes a second time down the pipe into the hollow or tubular fire-bars.
In this way the water is kept in continual circulation, and nearly all
the heat given out from the ignited fuel is thereby utilized. Below the
tubular fire-bars is placed a moveable pan to receive the ashes from the
fuel, and just above the fire-bars is an opening to gain access thereto
when they require cleaning.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Watson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WATSON, of St. Albans, in the County of Hertford, Nurseryman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Watson, Her special licence that I, the
said John Watson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Watson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING CON-
SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, AND OTHER HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Watson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Watson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
The object of my said Invention is to heat conservatories, greenhouses,
and other horticultural structures in a more effectual and economical
manner than heretofore, and to effect this object by means of a portable
apparatus, and with or without the use of hot water pipes connected
thereto.

page_text: My improved apparatus consists of a stove, by preference of a
cylindrical form (though I do not confine myself to that form), made
of fire-clay or some other refractory material, enclosed within a metal
casing which may be perforated to let out a portion of the radiating
heat. The space within the cylinder, or its equivalent, forms the fire-
chamber into which the fuel is introduced through a suitable side
opening. This chamber has a dome top, and is provided with a flue to
carry off the gaseous products of combustion. At the lower part of the
chamber is a grating which supports the fuel, and therefore forms the
fire-bars. These bars are made hollow, or are composed of tubes through
which water is made to flow from a shallow evaporating pan, dish, or
reservoir placed above the level of the top of the stove, or in other
suitable position, according to the requirements of the case. Water is
supplied to this dish or reservoir from a suitable cold water receptacle
through a pipe which is provided with a stop-cock for the purpose
hereafter described. The water runs from this dish or reservoir into a
cylinder or a return pipe, from whence it is conveyed to the hollow fire-
bars or coil through which it circulates, and is thereby heated. It then
passes up into a boiler composed of part coil and part cylinder, whereby
the water is delivered in a heated state into the shallow pan, dish, or
reservoir, so that the heated water flows therefrom and mingles with the
cold water in the said dish. The water circulates in this dish or
reservoir, and gives off therefrom heat and steam, the dish being covered
with a perforated cover to allow the steam to escape or not, as may be
required, which may be done by application of the steam damper, and
when it has given off a certain portion of heated steam it passes a second
time down the pipe into the hollow or tubular fire-bars. In this way
the water is kept in continual circulation, and nearly all the heat given
out from the ignited fuel is thereby utilized. Below the tubular fire-
bars is placed a moveable pan to receive the ashes from the fuel, and
just above the fire-bars is an opening to gain access thereto when they
require cleaning.

page_text: Fig. 4, view of reservoir or evaporating dish with perforated cover.
Fig. 5, view of steam damper.
Fig. 6, view of reservoir and cover with damper and cold water
receptacle.
In these Figures A is the feeding door; B, moveable top; C, air
chamber, the cold air rising, as indicated by the arrows, and in passing
round the dome (E) it is heated, and passes off through the perforated
holes of the outside casing D, as shown. E is the dome, constructed as
before described; F, flow pipe; G, return pipe.
The return pipe
proceeds under the grating to the centre of the coil H of pipe forming
the fire-bars, and the water circulates round the coil, and rises by means
of pipe K to the boiler M. The exit from the boiler is by means of the
flow pipe, as shown. N is the bearing or rest ring on which the coil H
rests; n is the air or ventilating holes through which the cold air rises.
On a level with the said ring is a dust pan, not shown in the Drawing.
P is the evaporating pan, dish, or reservoir covered with lid P¹, and
when necessary the damper P may be placed over the evaporating pan
or dish, the steam pipo P³ conveying off the waste steam. The pan or
dish is fed by receptacle O.
When the apparatus is used as a stove, the evaporating pan or dish
with cover is placed on the top of the stove; when used as a hot water
apparatus this reservoir will be placed at the side. Q is the clearing
door.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed
or put in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of
"Improved Apparatus for Heating Conservatories, Greenhouses, and other

page_text: Horticultural Structures, as herein-before described and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawings, in which improved apparatus the dome, the
boiler, and the evaporating dish or reservoir are important features.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Watson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Assn., Limited,
Patentee's Agents,
21, Cockspur Street,
S.W.
JOHN WATSON. (L.S.)