Improvements in Justifying Set Types and Apparatus for that purpose.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Justifying Set Types and Apparatus for that
purpose.
We, HENRY JAMES SYDNEY GILBERT-STRINGER, of 35, Tavistock Crescent,
Westbourne Park, in the County of London, Gentleman, and FREDERICK WICKS,
of Halfway Lodge, Esher, in the County of Surrey, Author, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to simple means of justifying types which are set by
composing machines or otherwise.
Instead of putting in the line of types, spaces of different widths, or spaces
for which others have to be substituted in justifying, we employ only spaces of
unit thickness or multiples of the unit, and never only one space but always
more than one to allow for one or more being ejected in justifying, while still
retaining an interval, between the words.
The line of set types and spaces is forwarded to the justifying mechanism,
its length in units and the number of its space groups being indicated on a dial.
The operator, guided by these indications, sets suitable gauges which determine
the movements of a pusher reciprocatingionce for every unit step of advance of the
type line. When it meets a type the pusher is stopped, but when its upper part
can pass over the tops of the spaces then if the gauge set by the operator does
not stop it, it pushes out one of the space types.
"
1
3 1000
Improvements in Justifying Set Types and Apparatus for that
ригрове.
We, HENRY JAMES SYDNEY GILBERT-STRINGER, of 36, Tavistock Crescent,
Westbourne Park, in the County of London, Gentleman, and FREDERICK WICKS,
of Halfway Lodge, Esher, in the County of Surrey, Author, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to simple means of justifying types which are set by
composing machines or otherwise.
Instead of putting in the line of types, spaces of different widths, or spaces
ונס ...

page_text: for which others have to be substituted in justifying, we employ only spaces of
unit thickness or multiples of the unit, and never only one space, but always
more than one to allow for one or more being ejected in justifying, while still
retaining an interval, between the words.
The line of set types and spaces is forwarded to the justifying mechanism,
its length in units and the number of its space groups being indicated in the
usual way.
The operator, guided by these indications, sets suitable gauges which determine
the movements of a pusher reciprocating once for every advance of the type
line. When it meets a type the pusher is stopped, but when its upper part
can pass over the tops of the spaces then if the gauge set by the operator does
not stop it, it pushes out one of the space types.
Apparatus for operating as described is arranged according to our invention
as we shall describe referring to the accompanying drawings.
Fig 1 is a front view, Fig. 2 is a plan, Figs. 3 and are respectively left and
right hand end views.
Fig. 5 is a section of the ejecting blade, and Fig. 6 is a front view of the adjust-
able slides shewn separately from the rest of the machine.
The machine shewn in these drawings is supposed to be placed at the left end
of any suitable type setting machine within easy reach of the compositor, and
it has an upper type channel a which takes the place of the delivery channel
usually employed in composing apparatus, surmounted by a space indicator b.
As these parts are of known construction, and the space indicator is worked in
the well known manner from the space key of the type setting machine, it is
to be understood that no claim is made in respect of those parts and b. A
spindle caused to revolve by a band or otherwise connecting it to a revolving
spindle of the setting machine, has fixed on it an edge cam and a face cam e.
The cam d acting on a roller on a lever f causes that lever to reciprocate moving
a feed slide g and a feed slide h connected to f through a rod i and lever j. The
cam e acting on a roller on a lever k, in each revolution moves back (that is
to say to the right in Fig. 3 and to the left in Fig. 4) a crosshead I, which is
urged in the opposite direction by a spring on a sliding rod m attached to the
crosshead . Another rod n attached to the crosshead has pivotted on it a
spring pawl o, which when it engages the teeth of a ratchet wheel p, as will
hereafter be described, causes that wheel to turn tooth by tooth and a pinion q
fixed on the axis of 2 also to turn. This pinion gears with rack teeth on a
slider which has a projecting rib 4 and is fitted to slide along a fixed V guides,
and in a recess on the upper side of the slider there is another slide t, having
also a projecting rib 5. From the rear end of the sliding rod m projects a
blade u, the lower part of which is of a thickness somewhat less than that of a
unit space type, whilst its upper part which projects farther is nearly the thick-
ness of two unit space types.
A type channel has a slot cut through its sides for the passage of the
blade through it. The blade is of such height that when there is a character
type facing it in the channel v, the upper projecting part of the blade is stopped
by the upper part of the tyne, but when there are two spaces facing it in the
channel, the upper part of the blade can pass over the tops of these which are
lower than a character type, and the lower thin part of the blade can push the
second space type out through the opposite slot. A number of figured keys w
are arranged to act on vertical sliding rods which are urged downwards by
springs. On a horizontal rod y fixed below the type channel is fitted a slide z,
having an index projecting up from it pointing to graduations on a gauge 1
which can be adjusted to various lengths of line and fixed by screws 2.
The apparatus is operated as follows:-
The compositor working the type setting machine goes on until he sees that
the types (which are delivered into the channel a and are fed forward one by
one by the reciprocating feeder h) acting on a pin projecting up from the slide z

page_text: have moved that slide to the left until its index is somewhat beyond the zero
of the gauge 1. He then knows that the composed line is longer than it should
be by so many units as indicated on the gauge. He also knows by looking at
the indicator that in composing the line the space key has made a certain
number of strokes, or in other words that there are in the composed line so
many groups of spaces between words, each group consisting of two space types
of unit thickness. He therefore knows that from this line must be removed as
many unit space types as the number indicated on the gauge 1. If these space
types were all removed from some of the spaces, and none from some of the
others, the line would be badly justified. If, for instance, the dial shews that
there are 7 spaces in the line, and the gauge shews that the length of the line
is in excess by three units, the operator, subtracting 3 from 7, would know
that of the 7 groups 4 would have to be left, each with both its units in it,
and in order to give uniformity to the line he would determine to leave the two
next the ends of the line untouched, and to extract the 3 units from the three
middle spaces. He would therefore depress first the key 3, pull forward the
upper slide & depressing a spring button at its end so as to stop against the rod
raised by the Key 3; then releasing the button of t and depressing key 2 he
would pull forward the lower slider until it was stopped by the rod of the key 2.
The operator having thus set the slides t and r, moves the gauge z and the
indicator 6 back to their zero positions and goes on to compose another line. As
the types of this line descend and are moved along the channel a by the pusher h,
they advance the previous line for the justification of which he has made
preparation. As each character or space type reaches the shoot 6 at the left
end of the channel a, it drops into the channel in front of the pusher g which
is reciprocating in unison with the pusher h. The types are thus advanced along
the channel v. As the spindle c revolves causing the crosshead and with it
the rods m and to reciprocate, the forward movement due to the spring on m
is stopped by the upper part of the blade u meeting character types in the
channel v. But when the nirst pair of spaces present themselves, the upper part
of can pass over them, the rods m and n making a longer forward stroke, but
they are stopped by a tappet 3 projecting down from the rod m, meeting a rib 4
projecting up from the slide r. The stroke, however, made by the rod n in
this case is sufficient to move the wheel one tooth round, and thereby
to move the slide go a distance equivalent to one of the intervals
between the key rods . When the next pair of spaces present
themselves, the same action takes place, the slider being thus moved
over another interval of the rods a. As it had in the first place been moved
over two intervals to the right,, and has been moved back two to the left, the
end of the rib 4 is now in such a position that it is clear of the tappet 3 and
therefore when the next pair of spaces present themselves to the blade the
rod m makes its full stroke, the lower part of the blade u ejecting the right hand
unit of the space. This is repeated when the next two pairs of spaces present
themselves, but then the upper slide t having moved with the lower slide through
the three intervals at which it had been set, has been brought to such a position
that its projecting rib 5 forms a stop to the tappet 3 in the same way as the
rib of the lower slide, and consequently when the next two pairs of spaces present
themselves, there is no ejection of their units.
In other cases where the number of spaces and units of excess length in the
line vary, the operator has to exercise his judgement as to which spaces he should
select for ejection.
If, for instance, there were five spaces and two units of excess length, he
might eject from the second and third or from the third and fourth spaces. In
this case he would stop the upper slide by the rod of key 2, thus determining
that two spaces have to undergo ejection, and he would stop the slider by the
rod of key 1, in which case the second and third spaces would be reduced, or
he would stop it by the rod of key 2, in which case the third and fourth spaces
would be reduced.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In combination with a type setting machine and its indicators showing
numbers of spaces and length of lines, a justifying apparatus comprising a set
of finger keys and spring stop pins for a rack slide with upwardly projecting rib
and for a second. slide with rib, carried on the rack slide, a shaft carrying a cam
for working a pair of feeders in type channels, and a cam causing a crosshead and
spring rod to reciprocate, the said rod having a blade adapted to pass through a
slot of a type channel and extrude space types, and a tappet to meet the ribs of
the slides, the said crosshead having connected to it a spring pawl engaging
with teeth of a ratchet wheel, on the shaft of which is a pinion engaging the
teeth of the rack suide, constructed and operating substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
2. In combination with a type setting machine a justifying apparatus by
which lines of types are justified by rejecting excess of spaces without substituting
others for those that are rejected.
nated this 23rd day of November 1800
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicante.