CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS."
A communication.
Sealed the 12th January 1853, and dated the 15th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Armand
Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1852.
⚫I, PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 39, Ruc
de l'Echiquier, Paris, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in introducing a current of air between
the chimney and body of the lamp from top to bottom, and which
again ascends vertically between the chimney and the wick and
burner, thereby preventing the heating of the glass chimney-and
the burner, and thus effecting great economy in the oil or other
alimentation of the lamp.

page_text: the glass chimney.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure
Figure 1, side view of the apparatus for receiving and holding
Figure 2, vertical section of the whole appa-
ratus. A, Fig. 1, part of the box at d, d, which serves to receive and
hold the glass; d, d, small interior ledge on which the glass rests;
B, B, openings through which the air enters laterally; C, C, dia-
phragm of copper or other suitable metal placed horizontally at a
small distance from the lower edge of the glass, in such a manner
that the air can only enter laterally into it, thus preventing its
direct ascension; m cylinder.
Figure 2, A, A, body of the lamp, of copper, or crystal, or any
other convenient substances, for containing the oil. B, B, sides of
the cistern. The air descends from the upper part between handles
DD and is introduced holow the close at T
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the Conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Peter Armand Le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 11th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
PETER ARMAND LE COMTE DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 39, Rue de
l'Echiquier, Paris, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Armand Le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau, Her special license thut I, the said Peter
Armand Le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Armand Le
Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,

page_text: should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS,"
communicated to me from a foreigner residing abroad, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte
de Fontaine Moreau, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
The Invention communicated to me consists in constructing oil
lamps, so as to cause the supply of air necessary for the combustion
of the oil to be conducted laterally to the wick, either from the top
or bottom of the chimney, instead of being applied underneath as
hitherto, thereby regulating the supply of air, and improving the
combustion of the oil.
Figure 1, a sectional elevation of the chimney gallery adapted for
ordinary oil lamps. Figure 2, a sectional elevation of a marine
lamp complete.
A, Figure 1, is a part of the gallery, which serves, up to d, d, to
receive and keep the chimney glass. d, d, is the rim of the internal
gallery on which the chimney glass is placed; c, c, a diaphragm or
bottoin slightly concave, closing the underneath part of the chimney
gallery in order to prevent the direct ascent of air. Small openings
or slits are made between the casing M, and the diaphragm c, c,
and serve to permit the oil above to pass freely down into the re-
ceiver for lamps in which the supply of oil to the wick is continually
renewed. Four openings, B, B, are made round the space between
the edges of the diaphragm c, c, and rin d, d, through which the

page_text: current of atmospheric air enters laterally, instead of penetrating
underneath, as in lamps with a chimney glass.
Figure 2, represents a lamp called a Marine Lamp, in which the
current of air necessary for the combustion enters at the top. A, A,
represents the body of the lamp, made of metal, crystal, or any other
suitable substances; B, B, a small vessel to prevent the oil from
getting into the part where the air current is produced. In this
lamp the air descends from the top of the chimney between the four
cars or handles D, D, D, D; then passing underneath the glass H,
enters below E, E, at the points F, F, and ascends vertically between
the chimney and the wick. C, C, is the wick; G, G, screw and rack-
work to raise the wick. The mechanical arrangements herein-before
described for the introduction of air can be employed indiscrimi-
nately, according to the nature or shape of the lamp, and their posi-
tion is determined according to the dimensions of the chimney.
The volume of the air current and the diameter of the chimney are
in proportion to the diameter of the wicks employed.
And having now described the nature of the Invention communi-
cated to me, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
would have it understood that I lay no claim to any of the parts
separately, as they may be modified according to circumstances.
But what I claim as new, and intended to be protected by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is the construction of oil
lamps so as to produce a lateral supply of air to the wicks, for im-
proving the combustion and lighting qualities of the oil, as herein-
before described and referred to in the Figures of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand Le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, have hereto set my hand and scal, this
Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
L' DE FONTAINE MOREAU. (L.S.)