OR RELATING TO CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Solomon Andrews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1882.
SOLOMON ANDREWS of Cardiff in the County of Glamorgan:
IN OR RELATING TO CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES."
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IMPROVEMENTS.
In omnibusses and other carriages for common roads as at present usually
constructed the wheels are placed outside the body of the carriage and the axle
made of only sufficient length to carry the wheel at its extremity the wheel being
secured in its place by a screw cap linch pin or other means. The springs with
the supports for the axles are placed at the inner sides of the wheels. Omnibuses
constructed in this way require a wide space between the wheels to allow of room
for the body which must be wide enough to contain two rows of seats longi-
tudinally. And the wheels invariably splash a large amount of mud or dirt over
the sides of the vehicle.
By my invention I can construct omnibuses and other vehicles so that the wheels
may be placed under the body and the axles be supported by springs placed outside
the wheels. I make the axle square for the length of several inches at each end
and beyond this square extremity cut a screw thread on which to place a nut.
About eight or nine inches from the screw thread I raise a shoulder on the axle
and on the space between the square end and this shoulder the wheel revolves.
The shoulder on the axle keeps the wheel from moving out of its position. An
iron collar is placed on the axle on that side of the shoulder next to centre of axle
and furthest from the wheel. The hub of the wheel is fastened to this collar by
bolts which prevent the wheels from sliding off and keep them in their proper
position. The spring is attached as may be desired to the carriage of the vehicle,
and fixed securely to the axle by a clip passing over or round the square part at
its end. The axle is thus securely and tightly held the wheels alone revolving
The axle and springs are further supported and held in position by the nut on
the end of the axle which removes any liability that the springs might have of
moving laterally. To lubricate the wheels I may make the end of the axle hollow
and form the nut in the shape of a hollow cap to which the oil would be supplied
as is now the case when the cap is attached to the wheel, the lubricant would then
pass on through the centre of the axle to openings communicating with its outside
at that part on which the wheel rotates-or I may arrange or affix a lubricator on
the axle or carriage of the vehicle in any convenient position to supply the oil.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Solomon Andrews in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th November 1882.
SOLOMON ANDREWS, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan
IN OR RELATING TO CARRIAGES OR OTHER VEHICLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
In omnibuses and other carriages for common roads as at present usually
constructed the wheels are placed outside the body of the carriage and the axle
made of only sufficient length to carry the wheel at its extremity, the wheel being
secured in its place, by a screw cap, linch pin, or other means. The springs with
the supports for the axles are placed at the inner sides of the wheels. Omnibuses
constructed in this way require a wide space between the wheels to allow of room
for the body which must be wide enough to contain two rows of seats longi-
tudinally. And the wheels invariably splash a large amount of mud or dirt over
the sides of the vehicle.
By my invention I can construct omnibuses and other vehicles so that the
wheels may be placed under the body and the axles be supported by springs placed
outside the wheels.
'
Referring to the drawings
Fig. 1 Is a side elevation of omnibus fitted with my improvements.
Fig. 2, Detail view of end of axle.
Fig. 3. Enlarged view of spring with block and clips for holding the axle in
position.
In these A is the axle the end of which is made square for the length of two or
three inches as seen at B and against this square the spring block C is attached by
means of clips D which pass round the axle clip a a small steel plate c is placed
between the axle and axle clip and the spring block C to prevent the wear of the
wood, the axle is thus firmly held in connection with the spring E, a screw thread
is cut at the extreme end of the axle, and a nut F screwed thereon prevents the
liability of the axle becoming loose as the clips and spring block C.are firmly held
between the nut F and the shoulder G on the axle. H is a collar raised on the
axle about eight or nine inches from the screw thread and on the space I between
the square B, and the collar H the wheel revolves an iron washer K is placed on
the axle on that side of the collar H next to the centre of the axle and furthest
from the wheel, the hub of the wheel is fastened to the washer K, by bolts L
which pass through it and the wheel is thus prevented from sliding off. The
function of the collar H on the axle being to hold the wheel in place. The wheel
is prevented moving toward the vehicle by bearing against the collar, and is
prevented from moving in the opposite direction by the washer K which is bolted
to the wheel and bears against the other face of the collar H. The springs E are
shown bolted to the carriage. of the vehicle but may be attached in any other
convenient way as may be found desirable and the axle secured to the spring as
above described by a clip passing over or round the square part at its end. The
axle is thus securely and tightly held the wheels alone revolving.
The wheel may be lubricated from a lubricator or oil container arranged or fixed
to the axle wheel or carriage of the vehicle in any convenient position, a good plan
being to fix a lubricator into the hub of the wheel itself with a screw cap or stopper
which will prevent the oil coming out. Or the end of the axle may be made
hollow and the nut formed in the shape of a hollow cap to which the oil would be
supplied as is now the case with the cap at present in use for holding the wheel
in position, the lubricant would then pass on through the hole or hollow in the

page_text: axle to opening communicating with its outside at that part on which the wheel
rotates.
Now I am well aware that locomotives and other vehicles travelling on a definite
raised or grooved track have been made with overhung springs. This is a very
easy matter when the wheels are made rigid in a frame so that they are unable to
turn to any but an extremely limited angle with that frame but I believe there is
no instance of a carriage running on common roads and with swivelling axles (that
is with axles capable of forming a considerable angle with each other and with the
body of the carriage) which has ever been made in this manner.
What I therefore desire to protect under the letters patent is the manufacture
of carriages and other vehicles for common roads with springs outside the wheels
substantially as described and also the manufacture of axles and axle furniture for
this purpose whether for common roads or for tramways constructed and arranged
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Solomon Andrews have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twentieth day of November in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
(S) NOTOS