CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARING, CLARIFYING, AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND OTHER VEGETABLE, ANIMAL, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND UTENSILS USED THEREIN
Year: 1817

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH DE
CAVAILLON, of Sambrook Court, Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster the Twenty-third day of
January, in the fifty-seventh year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph de Cavaillon, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph de Cavaillon,
my exors, admors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of
years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PREPARING, CLARIFYING, AND REFINING OF SUGAR, AND OTHER VEGETABLE,
ANIMAL, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND UTENSILS USED
THEREIN;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that if I,
the said Joseph de Cavaillon, should not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then
the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby

page_text: granted, shall forthwith cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the
same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph de Cavaillon, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly de-
scribed and ascertained in and by the following description thereof (that is
to say):
My said Invention consists in the adoption and use of such materials for
clarifying and bleaching syrups, and other liquids, muscilages, and substances,
animal, vegetable, and mineral, as are usually thrown away and considered of
no use, and of such processes or manipulations as may render the operations of
boiling and clarifying sugars, and other vegetable, animal, and mineral sub-
stances, more certain, efficacious, and simple, than by the means at present
resorted to, for all which purposes I avail myself of the refuse or residue of all
such charcoal as is now usually made use of for the purpose of clarifying,
bleaching, or fining any liquors, syrups, mucilages, or other ingredients, from
any greasy, slimy, or other impurities which they may contain, and causing
them to subside or be absorbed. These several species of charcoal, whether
the same be animal or vegetable, such as are known by the name of bone
charcoal, ivory black, blood charcoal, vegetable or wood charcoal, or that sub-
stance known under the name of residue of Prussian blue, which are all used
in a state of powder for clarifying and bleaching syrups and other liquors or.
substancos, are generally considered of no use or value when they have been
once so used, but are thrown away as completely refuse. I find, however, that
by collecting such charcoal after it has been so used, and calcining it afresh, it
former powers are again restore:l to it, and that a substance or new charcoal is
produced, which answers for the purposes of bleaching and clarification in a
manner much superior to new charcoal, and that this operation may be
repeated any number of times with equal effect, thus almost perpetuating the
existence of the same quantity of charcoal. For the purpose of recalcining this
charcoal it must be placed in vessels of earthenware, crucible carth, or metal,
compleatly closed from all access of air, except by one small orifice left for the
escape of any elastic or other vapour; and in such vessels (which may be of
any shape and dimensions) it must be exposed in proper furnaces to a white
heat until no further steam or vapour arises from it, when the orifice is to be
stoped or luted, and in this state the charcoal must be left to cool. On taking
it out of such vessels when cold, it must be carefully sifted to clear it-from any
extraneous matter which may have mixed with it during its former use.
It must then be well washed in very clean water to free it from any soluble

page_text: impurities, and afterwards filtered to get rid of the water. In the process of
filtering, I prefer making the funnel or support of my filtering bag square, like
the hopper of a mill, and with a flat bottom, as by this means I expose more
surface, and perform the operation more rapidly. The hopper or funnell of the
filter may be made of wood, iron, copper, tin, or other metal, and of any con-
venient size, in which I apply the wicker basket, and linen, woollen, or cotton
bags usually made use of.
The last part of my Invention and improvements consists in the boiling and
boiler, which, instead of making a fixture over the fire, I cause to be so hung
or suspended in three or moré chains or slings that I can raise or lower them
from the fire that is contained in a fixed furnace, with a flue beneath it. The
beat upon the boiling pan can thus be adjusted to the greatest nicety, without
any fear of burning or damaging the syrup or other ingredients; and as the pan
has a lip, and can be drawn out of the level by one of its supporting chains
passing over a pulley or being attached to a lever, the syrup or other contents
of the pan may be discharged much more rapidly than usual, and no necessity
will remain for damping down or altering the fire, which will have a much
better action upon the pan than in the old process of setting sugar or other
boiling pans for evaporation; and I claim the application of all the well-known
means and machines for suspending, balancing, and removing my aforesaid
boiler away from the fire, and so as to discharge its contents, or for other
purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph de Cavaillon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventeen.
DE CAVAILLON. (L.s.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of July, in
the year of our Lord 1817, the aforesaid Joseph de Cavaillon, through the
interpretation of Arthur Spear, the said interpreter being first sworn that he
had truly, distinctly, and audibly interpreted the contents of the said Specifica-
tion, and also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand nicht hundred and sasuntoon.