matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1878. A commu-
nication from abroad by Malcolm Conbrough Patrick, of Lowell, in the County
of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MULES FOR SPINNING." [A communication
from abroad by Malcolm Conbrough Patrick, of Lowell, in the County of Middlesex,
State of Massachusetts, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to dispense with a cam shaft and other working
parts on a spinning mule, and to substitute therefor a number of sliding parts
which will consume little power, and by which an easy change is made without jar
or noise.
.
According to this Invention a sliding beam is employed, supported by adjustable
guide pieces that are carried by the carriage. A rod projects from the end of the
beam to receive two studs, which are clamped to it by set screws.
A cam having an inclined face, and secured on the beam by bolts which pass
through slots into the beam, serves to operate the roller clutch gear. A rod is attached
to this cam, and upon it a stud is secured by a set screw.
A cam similar to the one described is adjustably attached to the bottom of the
beam, and projects beyond the front of the beam for throwing the back shaft clutch
into and out of gear as the mule moves out and in.
A cam which is like those just described is placed in front of the beam, and is
attached to the beam by means of bolts that pass through slots in the base plate to
which the cam is attached into the beam. This cam lifts the bell from the taking-in
friction when the carriage goes up to the beam.
The inclined faces of the two last-mentioned cams face outward in opposite
directions.
A cam is attached to the back of the beam, and projects above the beam at right
angles to the plane of the other cams, and is designed for moving the belt shipping
mechanism at the same time that the back shaft clutch is moved by its cam,

page_text: It will be seen that the cam for operating the roller clutch gear and beam carrying
the other cams may be moved independently of the other, so that by moving the
cam the roller clutch gear may be set in motion while the carriage is running in,
thereby giving two extra turns of the rollers, which is equal to six additional inches
of yarn.
This improvement is applicable to mules now in use, making all of the changes in
the gearing that may be required.
The cams are all adjustable and may be moved longitudinally on the beam to
bring the different parts of the mechanism which the device is designed to operate
into proper time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Worrall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1878.
ARTHUR JOHN WORRALL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR BICYCLES AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to the springs of bycicles and other similar vehicles which
are used to support the saddle or seat, and has for its object,-
First. The production of very light and at the same time strong spring.
And, Secondly. In the arrangement of the spring, so that the saddle may be
nearer the backbone, thereby enabling the rider to operate a wheel of larger
diameter than the otherwise could.
In order to effect these objects I construct the spring of a section varying as may
be preferred from the shape of the letter U to that of a complete circle, such shape
or section enabling me to use a much lighter material while retaining the same
strength of spring.
To lower the position of the saddle I construct my spring of two or more spring
bars, such spring bars being either made according to the former part of my Inven-
tion, or being solid rods or bars; by preference I use two spring bars placed
sufficiently apart to allow the backbone to work between them, so that the saddle
which is secured to the rod or spring bars may be pressed down almost to the back-
bone, and thus as near as possible to the rim of the driving wheel; the front rods of
spring bars are jointed to the head of the backbone; the opposite end are secured
to the slide or clip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Muir Hetherington, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and Samuel Thornton, of the same Place, Mechanical
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 16th August 1878, and dated the 20th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Muir Hetherington and
Samuel Thornton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
February 1878.
JOHN MUIR HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and SAMUEL THORNTON, of the same Place, Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
Our Invention consists,-
Firstly. In a method of conveying oil to the spindles at their footsteps or to
bushes or collars in which they run. For this purpose we adapt a cover inclining
inward on each side, and beneath this cover is a projection; or it may be formed
by a groove extending upward. When oil is applied to the surface of the cover it
runs downward to the spindle or collar, and is prevented from spreading outward
by the said projection.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to spinning and doubling by "ring and traveller
in frames in which the spindle runs in a long collar, and consists in a method of
preparing for doffing and for attaching the end to a fresh bottom, for which purpose
we use a tube capable of being brought into contact with the bobbin, and thus
revolving therewith to receive a few turns of the yarn.
We employ a rail carrying parts, which clip a flange of the said tube, which
extends upward and confines a spring bearing at its lower end on the said rail.

page_text: When the bobbin is full the ring rail carries the thread down to the tube, and the
aforesaid clip ring rising simultaneously conveys a turned over end of the said tube
into frictional contact with the bottom of the bobbin, whereby it is caused to revolve
and a certain length of yarn becomes wound on the said tube.
To accomplish the lifting of the clip rail we propose to cause the descent of the
ring rail to liberate a catch which holds a tumbler lever, and this by turning on its
centre effects the required operation through the medium of a rack or other suitable
arrangement.
The descent of the ring rail causes a stop on the "poker" to release a catch, and
allows the driving strap to pass on to the loose pulley, the momentum being suffi-
cient to wind a few layers of thread on the tube, and a further upward motion lifts
the bobbin loose from the spindle, the clip rail catches a projection on the tube, and
holds it down, and the removal of the bobbin breaks off the yarn, leaving an end on
the tube for adaptation to a fresh bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1878. A
communication from Eduard Weiler, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENERS." A communication from
Eduard Weiler, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in making the base and shank separate from the head
in combination with a hollowed and oval sectional shank; also in the mode of
fixing on the head when in use by the use of spring metal prongs or other
equivalent contrivanco fixed to such head in combination with a rubber washer or
otherwise, such prongs being inserted and held in the hollow shank. The head base
and shank may be made of any convenient material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CUTTING THE EDGES OF LAWNS OR OTHER SURFACES OF GRASS, AND THE COMBINATION OF THE SAME WITH A LAWN MOWING MACHINE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Nicol Irvine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1878.
GEORGE NICOL IRVINE, of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Surgeon-Major in Her Majesty's Army. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
IMPLEMENT FOR CUTTING THE EDGES OF LAWNS OR OTHER SURFACES OF GRASS,
AND THE COMBINATION OF THE SAME WITH A LAWN MOWING MACHINE."
My new or improved implement for cutting the edges of lawns or other surfaces
of grass is composed chiefly of a vertical knife or blade for cutting the roots of the
grass and giving the line, and of a wheel with a sharp steel edge on its periphery.
The knife or blade is by preference of scimitar shape, and is carried on the front
end of a forked shank, whose other end is attached to the bearings of the wheel
axle. To these bearings is also attached the front end of a fork, the rear end of
which has a handle fitted thereto. Another fork is likewise attached to the
bearings, and is for the purpose of receiving a hauling or pulling rope or rod.
The machine when in use is pushed by means of the handle; the knife cuts the
roots, while the sharp steel edge on the wheel divides the earth or turf. If more
power is required a second person pulls the rope or rod.
The height of the knife may be made adjustable in any convenient manner, so as
to regulate the depth at which it cuts.
Sometimes I combine my implement constructed as above described with a lawn
mowing machine, so that a width of say 12 or 18 inches of grass may be mown at
the same time that the edge is cut.
The two machines are combined so as to be removable the one from the other at
will.
The combination may be conveniently carried out by fixing the wheel with

page_text: sharp edge above described by means of a bolt and nut to one of the hind wheels
of the lawn mowing machine, and by attaching the scimitar-shaped knife: in a
similar manner to the bearings of one of the front wheels.
The sharp edged wheel and the knife can be attached to either side of the lawn
.mower.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGED LIDS OR COVERS AND STOPPERS FOR CANS, BOTTLES, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Warwick Inglis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1878. A communication
from abroad by John Leon Trillia, of the City of Buenos Ayres, South
America.
EDWARD WARWICK INGLIS, of Gray's Inn Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGED LIDS OR COVERS AND STOPPERS FOR CANS, BOTTLES,
AND OTHER RECEPTACLES.” [A communication from abroad by John Leon Trillia,
of the City of Buenos Ayres, South America.]
This Invention relates more particularly to biscuit tins, although it may be
employed with advantage for provision tins, water cans, cardboard boxes, or cases,
the stoppers of bottles, jars, or other receptacles, and the Invention has for its
object to increase the strength of the fixed portion of the lid, and to provide hinges
of simple construction in which small cuttings or scraps of block tin which are
useless for any other purpose are utilised, and a considerable economy thereby
realised, the iron wires now used being also dispensed with, so that the hinges are
not liable to be destroyed by rust as are those now made.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a water can or tin box, of which a
portion only of the top cover is made as a hinged lid, the other part, which is a
fixture soldered to the body of the can, being referred to as the fixed part. The
edge of this fixed part to which the rising lid is hinged, is usually strengthened by
an iron wire over which the edge is lapped, but dispense with this wire and
strengthen this portion of the cover by doubling or folding it down at a short
distance from the edge over a strengthening strip of block tin, already folded or
doubled upon itself two or three times; the two are then turned up together so as
to form a strengthening rib or flange at a right angle to the under surface of the
cover. The hinges of the rising lid are simply formed by two slots cut in the fixed
part of the cover, through which are passed two T shaped pieces of block tin which

page_text: are soldered to the rising lid, their T ends passing through slots in the fixed part,
so as to retain the rising lid in place, and form with the slots the hinges for said lid
to work upon.
When used for bottles, there would be but one hinge employed, and the stopper
would project from the under surface of the hinged cover.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING ICE OR SNOW ON SIDE WALKS, ROADWAYS, AND SIMILAR PLACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ignatz Neuburg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1878. A communication
from abroad by Josef Neuburg & Moritz Boehm, both of Vienna, Austria.
IGNATZ NEUBURG, of Turnmill Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING ICE OR SNOW ON SIDE
WALKS, ROADWAYS, AND SIMILAR PLACES." [A communication from abroad by
Josef Neuburg & Moritz Boehm, both of Vienna, Austria.]
This Invention relates to an improved machine or apparatus for breaking up ice
or snow in side walks, roadways, and similar places, to facilitate the removal of
the same.
The said apparatus is constructed as follows, that is to say:-
I provide a frame which consists of two parallel side bars which are united by
two cross bars. A solid drum or roller revolves upon a spindle which is supported
in the lower ends of the said frame, and at the upper part of the latter I provide a
cross bar which serves as a handle for manipulating the apparatus. I prefer to
construct the frame and roller of iron and the handle of wood.
Upon the outer circumference of the said drum or roller I attach by screws or
otherwise a series of radial steel knives which are placed at equal distances from
each other; I have found by practice that eight is a convenient number of knives
to use.
A flange projects from the lower part of each knife, which flange fits upon the
periphery of the roller, and screws passing through the flanges into the roller; the
knives have a very firm attachment thereto. The aforesaid spindle is prevented
from slipping out by means of a head on one end and a nut on the other end
thereof.
The roller and its knives constructed as above described present the appearance
of a wheel without a rim, and when moved forward will not run smoothly but each
knife will fall with a cutting blow upon the ice or snow.
The blow thus produced,

page_text: which may be increased in force by augmenting the weight of the roller, causes
the knife to penetrate into the frozen crust of ice or snow, and those portions of the
same which are left standing after the apparatus has once passed over them may be
readily broken up into small pieces by passing the roller over them again in such a
manner that the knives descend upon such parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAD
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ireneus Berg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1878.
IRENEUS BERG, of Grange Road, Bermondsey.
DRESSES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEAD
This Invention relates to a novel method of ventilating hats and caps, and is
particularly applicable to that class of hats or caps of which the tops come very
near the head of the wearer, as in the case of the ordinary square topped university
or college cap, which being black in colour attracts in a high degree the sun's
rays.
•
For this purpose I shape a narrow strip of sheet metal, bone, cardboard, or other
suitable substance, so as to form a number of equal corrugations or undulations of,
say, from 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch in depth, such strip when thus bent assuming in plan
view the form of a ring or the form of one of the two parts of the hat or cap
between which it is fixed, and in elevation presenting to view a number of open
corrugations or apertures. In the case of the college caps referred to I fix the ring
thus formed so as to connect the square top with the skull portion of the cap, the
ventilation taking place through the open corrugations. When requisite a removable
elastic band may be used for slipping over the corrugations, and so lessen the
degree of ventilation.
In the case of the high hats ordinarily worn I prefer to fix such ventilating ring
in a position to be covered and uncovered as required by the ordinary hat band.
In the case of other kinds of hats or caps I vary the position of the connecting
ventilating ring in accordance with the varying shapes.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER STRAPPING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gregory Gregory at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th September 1878.
WILLIAM GREGORY GREGORY, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER STRAPPING."
"IM-
The object of this Invention is to increase the strength and durability of the
leather strapping employed for driving machinery, at the same time that the
pliability and adhesive qualities of the strapping are retained.
I take two thicknesses of leather of the breadth required for the strap, and
inserting between them a piece of wire gauze of the same width (or rather narrower)
I fix the whole together by a suitable cement, after which I further secure the same
by screws or rivets or by stitching the whole together either by means of waxed
linen or hempen thread, or preferably by means of laces made of white leather,
about four rows of stitching being employed for a strap of six inches in breadth.
In some cases I substitute a thin sheet of metal for the wire gauze, and sometimes
I merely run in strips of metal or metallic wires between the rows of stitching.
Sometimes I use rivets or screws together with the above-mentioned stitching,
and when wire is used it is twisted round the rivets or screws; but for ordinary
purposes I prefer to employ the wire gauze and to use leather laces for stitching.

page_text: the furnace, and provided with steam jets acting alternately or otherwise for
throwing the crushed fuel on to the fire, substantially as herein-before more
particularly described, and illustrated by the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Braddock, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this First day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
JAMES BRADDOCK. (L.S.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMBINED TOOLS, APPLICABLE EITHER AS A PICK, AXE, ADZE, OR TOOL. OF SIMILAR CHARACTER, AND AS A SPADE OR SHOVEL, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTLY APPLICABLE TO SPADES OR SHOVELS ALONE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1878.
THOMAS BROWN, of Regent Works, Sheffield, in the County of York.
IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMBINED TOOLS, APPLICABLE EITHER AS A PICK, AXE, ADZE, OR TOOL.
OF SIMILAR CHARACTER, AND AS A SPADE OR SHOVEL, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
PARTLY APPLICABLE TO SPADES OR SHOVELS ALONE."
My Invention relates to the combination of a spade or shovel with that con-
struction of pickaxe or other tool of a similar character, in which the blade of the
tool can be removed from the shaft or handle when not required for use, employing
by preference the construction described in Bury's Specification, No. 2189, of 1870,
the object being to enable one and the same shaft or handle to be used either in
combination with a pick or other tool, or with a spade or shovel, the tool not in
use being at the time removed. For this purpose I fix upon the free end of the
shaft or handle a metal ferrule somewhat tapering towards the end, and by pre-
ference of an elliptic transverse section, and I construct the blade of a spade or
shovel with a socket, into which the ferrule on the shaft may be driven, so as to be
held securely therein.
I prefer to construct such socket as follows:-The socket is split longitudinally
into two parts, one of which is more or less rigid, and has secured to its end a ring
or ferrule, while the other part has a limited spring action, being sprung inwards
towards the other part when the shaft is not inserted, while when the shaft is
driven in the said part is pushed outwards until it bears against the inner surface
of the ring fixed to the rigid part, the shaft being thus securely held by the spring
action of the socket.
When the pick is to be used the spade or shovel may be readily removed by
striking its shoulder with the blade of the pick in a direction contrary to that in
which it is driven on to the shaft, and the pick is then slipped over the shaft into
its place on the ferrule at the opposite end of the latter.

page_text: The above-described construction of socket for the spade or shovel may also be
used for this description of implement, irrespective of its combination with a pick
or similar tool, when it is desired to have the blade detachable from the handle or
shaft.
In constructing this form of socket 1 prefer to make the rigid part in one piece
with the blade, while the spring part is formed of a separate piece rivetted to the
blade.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING FRICTIONAL SURFACES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Chapman and Samuel George
Sutton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January
1878.
ARTHUR CHAPMAN and SAMUEL GEORGE SUTTON, of Limehouse, London.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING FRICTIONAL SURFACES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED THEREFOR."
Our improvement is more specially intended for lubricating axles or shafting
bearings of any kind, but may be employed for lubricating other forms of frictional
surfaces. It consists in the use of a roll or rolls made of wood or other suitable
material, or a combination of substances, and placed in a suitable frictional contact
position to the moving surface or surfaces to be lubricated, and held there by a
weighted lever or its equivalent, and thereby made to revolve; the rolls are
made to work in oil receptacles (for shafting) formed in the pedestals or shaft
bearings, and the working of the shaft causes the oiling roll by reason of its
frictional contact therewith to revolve and supply the shaft and its bearings
with oil.
Ordinarally pedestals intended to receive the lubricating apparatus are provided
with recesses to contain a suitable quantity of oil, and in which the lubricating roll
or rolls are placed and revolved by frictional contact, as before stated, when the
pedestal is furnished with a bearing or box for the shaft to work on.
A slot is made transversely through the side or suitable part of the lower box for
the lubricating roll or rolls to work in, so that the shaft and circumference of the
roll may come in contact.
The lubricating roll may revolve in bearings made to form part of the pedestal or
on an independent frame or bearing.
The ends of the bearings or pedestals are provided with annular grooves to catch
the oil as it runs from the bearing for conducting it back into the oil recess for
re-using.
Oil is supplied to the receptacle in the pedestal through an opening made in any
suitable part of it.

page_text: As before stated, our lubricating apparatus may be applied to any form of fric-
tional surface, such as planing machines or bodies of any kind moving in frictional
contact; in such cases the oil and roll receptacles are made in the stationery part of
the machine, and the lubricator roll so adjusted to the moving portion, by which it
receives motion and lubricates the frictional surfaces in the manner before stated.
The improvement possesses the advantage of a continual supply of lubricant to
the frictional surfaces, avoids all waste, as the oil or lubricant is continually re-used
until consumed, and requires no attention after first setting it to work except to
keep the receptacle supplied with-lubricant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DITCHING OR EXCAVATING EARTH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Seth Terry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1878. A communication from
abroad by the Honorable Fitz Randolph, of Morristown, New Jersey, United
States of America.
GEORGE SETH TERRY, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America, but at present of 15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DITCHING OR EXCAVATING EARTH."
A com-
munication from abroad by the Honorable Theodore Fitz Randolph, of Morristown,
New Jersey, United States of America.
That this Invention may be understood reference is to be had to the accompanying
Drawing, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which correspond with
those in the following explanation :-
:-
This Invention relates to a reversible ditcher or machine for excavating earth and
digging trenches or ditches in all soils, from sand to the stiffest clay, reasonably free
from stones.
A machine constructed according to this Invention consists of an elevating wheel
A, which is made with sharp edges to divide the soil by its weight, the slice of
soil being separated by the shoes or cutters B, according to the direction of move-
ment of the ditcher. The shoes B are pivoted to the arms F near the middle of
the wheel A, and are made adjustable vertically and longitudinally. The elevating
wheel A carries up the detached soil and deposits it at the sides of the ditch over
the saddles D, according to the direction of movement of the "ditcher." The
elevating wheel A is adjusted vertically to the depth of the cutting by means of the
shafts and worm gearing and the hand wheels J. The separating shoes B are
adjusted vertically and longitudinally by means of the gearing O and the hand
wheels Hand G.

page_text: It will be seen that the machine is double-ended, and can be moved both or either
way without turning the machine round when the end of the ditch is reached, thus
saving much time and labour.
The apparatus is mounted on wheels, as shown in the Drawing, and can be drawn
by horses or by hand.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE SHELTER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Austin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1878.
CHARLES EDWARD AUSTIN, of 1, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE
SHELTER."
My Invention consists in rendering a sheet of cloth or of any suitable flexible
material, by means of elastic extenders, with or without braces of webbing or leather
or other suitable substance, but without any other aid or support than that which
is contained within the said sheet extenders and braces, available when required for
a shelter or tent, with floor, sides, and roof, and when not so required suitable for
folding or rolling up, and readily portable by a single person.
The extenders are either airproof tubes, or springs of steel or of other elastic
material, and attached in any manner in continuous and cross parallel lines from
edge to edge of the sheet.
When airproof tubes are attached and inflated the sheet is kept extended by the
pressure of the air, and when springs are attached the sheet is kept extended by
the springs, which are made in convenient lengths for folding, connected continu-
ously by stop hinges.
Braces of webbing or other suitable substance will, if found requisite, be also
attached to keep the sheet more rigid than when the shelter is in use, but the
attachment of the braces and the form of the springs will be such as may hereafter
during the term of protection be found most applicable.
A convenient number of buckles and straps or other fastenings are attached to
two opposite sides of the sheet, and flaps hang from the sheet on the other two
sides.
When the shelter is required for use the sheet is spread open, and the extenders,
if airproof tubes, are inflated. If the extenders are springs the sheet is so spread

page_text: that the stops of the hinges and the braces, if both are used, lie on its upper
Burface.
The sides to which the straps and buckles or other fastenings are attached are then
raised, brought together, and connected by the fastenings, whilst the flaps on the
other two sides of the sheet fall together and form the ends of the shelter, which is
thus rendered complete.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ADAPTING SHEAF BINDERS TO REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Algernon Clarke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1878.
JOHN ALGERNON CLARKE, of Ladbroke Grove Road, Notting Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ADAPTING SHEAF BINDERS
TO REAPING MACHINES."
Sheaf-binding machinery as hitherto constructed has formed an integral part of
the reaping machine, and has been actuated by gearing driven from the main
travelling wheels of the reaper.
Now the object of the present Invention is to construct the sheaf binder as a
distinct machine, and to adapt it for attachment to the ordinary sheaf delivery
reapers, so as to enable reaping machines now in use to be fitted with an automatic
sheaf binder. This apparatus I connect to the rear or side of the platform of the
reaper by hinged joints or other flexible coupling, and the working parts of the
apparatus I prefer to actuate from a travelling wheel which serves to support the
binder in position.
I do not limit myself to any particular construction of binder so far as the
operating parts in connection therewith are concerned, as more than one arrange-
ment of loop forming, band twisting, or knotting mechanisin may be employed.
The binder is provided with a table or its equivalent for receiving the cut corn
endwise from the platform of the reaper, the same being delivered on to the table
by the rotation of the ordinary rake.
The table or its equivalent I propose to fit with a traversing rake, or a jointed
and folding arm or framing, or other equivalent device, for collecting the crop
delivered on to the table and bringing it into the form of a bundle, or the table
itself may be made to fold.

page_text: The mechanism for clearing the table I time according to the rate of delivery of
the cut crop by causing the collecting, compressing, and binding motions to be
started by the approach of the rake arms at a certain part of their rotation, or by
causing the mechanism to be started by a clutch or other suitable contrivance thrown
into action by the weight of the cut corn depressing the table.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TELEPHONY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1878. A communica-
tion from abroad by George Black, of Hamilton, Electrician, and Abner
Mulholland Rosebrugh, of Toronto, Doctor of Medicine, both in the Dominion
of Canada.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEPHONY." A communication from abroad by George Black, of
Hamilton, Electrician, and Abner Mulholland Rosebrugh, of Toronto, Doctor of
Medicine, both in the Dominion of Canada.
This Invention consists, first, in the combination with a telephone of the apparatus
commonly known as a "condenser," the object of this part of the Invention being
to enable telephones or other secondary current apparatus to be connected with the
wire of any galvanic circuit without interfering with the action of said galvanic
circuit. The Invention consists, secondly, in connecting two or more wires of a
telegraph line running in the same direction and using them as a conductor,
by which arrangement the resistance of the line is very much reduced, and the
advantageous result obtained that the length of line on which a telephone can be
used is very much increased. The Invention consists, further, in "grounding" the
wire of a telephone circuit at one, two, or more intermediate points, and in the
insertion in said ground wires of a "condenser" for the purpose of diminishing the
injurious effect of foreign induced currents. The Invention consists, lastly, in con-
necting two or more independent galvanic circuits by means of a "condenser" for
the purpose of forming a telephonic circuit without interfering with the action of
said galvanic circuits. In using a "condenser "in connection with a galvanic signal
the condenser may be secured either behind the board to which the telephone or
signal apparatus is attached or it may be secured behind a wall bracket used for
depositing letters, papers, etc., and hung near the telephone, and in using a second
condenser for the purpose of being able to ground the telephone at pleasure the two
condensers may be placed adjacent to each other. When two or more independent
galvanic circuits are connected by means of a condenser for the purpose of forming
CD 977

page_text: a telephone circuit without interfering with the action of said galvanic circuits the
condenser may be for convenience secured to the upper part of a telegraph pole or
other supporting medium for the galvanic circuit lines. Instead of the " condenser,"
as herein described, and as a substitute therefor, a medium offering high resistance
to a galvanic current but comparatively no resistance to an induced current could
be used in substantially the same manner and relation as the condenser.
DRESS HOLDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: ་་་་
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Soley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1878.
GEORGE SOLEY, of Monkwell Street, in the City of London.
IN DRESS HOLDERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the means of suspending
ladies' dresses or trains.
For this purpose I form two plates, between which I place a half circular tongue
or bit working upon a spring fixed in between the said plates. The dress is secured
between the tongue and outer plate, and released by means of a wire attached to
the tongue worked from the top or side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED TEXTILE FABRICS AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR'
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1878. A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Emile Louit and Léonard Goursseau, both of
Paris, France.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PRINTED TEXTILE FABRICS AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR' [A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Emile Louit and Léonard Goursseau, both of Paris,
France.]
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of printed textile
fabrics and in machinery therefor, by means of which machinery the printing is
effected with great advantage and economy.
The said improvements comprise a novel construction of the cylinders or printing
rolls, which consists in providing upon the circumference of these cylinders de-
pressions or hollow spaces which are designed to receive moveable type plates.
The adaptation of these moveable plates to the cylinders permits the employment
of the same printing cylinders for successive impressions of a different nature; also
the production of fabrics ornamented in a variety of ways, or with insertions of
various kinds.
I
In order to produce the impression of bands, squares, rectangles, or other forms,
may cause the fabric to be printed to pass successively between several cylinders,
and I provide for this purpose reserves suitably distributed.
By means of a machine constructed according to this Invention any length of
fabric may be printed to form pocket handkerchieves, neck handkerchieves, and like
articles.
One important use of the said improved machinery is the production of handker-
chieves and like articles to serve as a medium for commercial and other advertise-
ments and announcements which it is desired to circulate amongst the public.
These advertisements are printed upon the surface of the fabric, and may be
.

page_text: "
arranged in squares, rectangles, or other- desirable forms, which may be varied as
desired, and the advertisements may be in.any known characters. These handker-
chieves may be sold or distributed gratuitously, and will be found of great
advantage to the commercial world as an advertising medium, because the article,
owing to its value as a handkerchief or whatever it may be, will be retained by the 5
person receiving it instead of being destroyed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOCKINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wright and George Clarke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1878.
SAMUEL WRIGHT and GEORGE CLARKE, of Nos. 39, 40, and 41, Wood Street, Cheap-
side, City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOCKINGS."
An extra thread or threads is or are woven in with the other threads at the knee
of the stocking, so as to render that part of greater thickness.
The extra thread or threads may be of the same material of which the stockings
are made, or may be of a different material.
The method of obtaining the extra thickness is by arresting the motion of the
machine at a certain stage of the weaving of the stockings, and inserting into the
needle the extra thread or threads, which is or are spliced to give greater strength
and wear, and then weaving in the said extra thread or threads along with the
other threads for as great a length and width as may be necessary to make the
stocking "double-kneed."
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROGEN GAS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1878. (A communi-
cation from abroad by Eugene Ernest Egasse, of Paris, France.)
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROGEN GAS."
(A communication from abroad by Eugene Ernest Egasse, of Paris, France.)
This Invention refers to the combination of or apparatus for producing hydrogen
gas quickly and economically, and a convenient way of carrying the Invention into
effect is as follows:-I provide an air reservoir where the compression is obtained
by means of an air pump; at top of reservoir is fixed a pressure indicator, and a
pipe for supplying with air a vessel containing "chlorydic" acid; to avoid any
accident in case of breakage of this vessel, it is enclosed in lead casing and a stud
which stops the orifice of the vessel is arranged so as to admit the air supply pipe
as well as the acid supply pipe which feeds the receiver; this latter is provided
with safety valve and a pressure gauge, which may be used if desired when con-
sidered necessary, that is to say, on the receiver and those containing zinc or zinc
scrapings, re-action taking place, the gases pass through pipes provided for the
purpose, and are brought to a washer where, after having passed through the whole
washing liquid, they leave through another pipe and are collected in a receiver;
thence they pass through cleansing material, and last they come into another
receiver which serves as reservoir or gas holder, to which one or more pipes are
provided in order to convey the gas to be consumed.
The particular arrangements of this apparatus are such as to render it of great
utility, it is easy to understand, as for example, for filling balloons with gas, the
small size of the apparatus making it very portable, and replaces gas apparatus in
some cases expensive. This apparatus on a small scale might also when placed in
balloons be utilized to replace the gas, and in case of need to refill the balloon.

page_text: The above is only given as an example of the way in which the Invention is
applied; is impossible to describe the numerous uses to which this apparatus may
be applied.
Another advantage of the Invention consists in the utilization of chlorures pro-
duced in the receiver which reduces the price of gas to zero.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR GLOSSING, GUMMING, OR COLOURING LABELS, PRINTED WALL PAPER, OR OTHER SHEETS OF PAPER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1878. A communication
from abroad by Charles C. Macbrair, of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of
America.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1 Rue Laffitte, Paris.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR GLOSSING, GUMMING, OR COLOURING LABELS,
PRINTED WALL PAPER, OR OTHER SHEETS OF PAPER." [A communication from
abroad by Charles C. Macbrair, of Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.]
This Invention of improvements in processes for glossing, gumming, or colouring
labels, printed wall paper, or other sheets of paper is designed to be used in applying
gloss or sizing to printed sheets of labels, chromo-posters, printed wall paper, or
other sheets of paper, for the usual purpose of rendering the same waterproof and
brilliant in appearance; and it is a process in which two sheets are glossed or sized
at one and the same time, they being first secured back to back, or folded back to
back, so as to present the prints on each sheet outside, and then passed in between
rollers coated with gloss, one pass sufficing to completely gloss both sheets on the
print side, without permitting any of the gloss to reach the backs of the sheets.
I first place two prints back to back. This may be done by making double prints
and folding them back to back, or securing two single prints at one or more sides at
the extreme edge, back to back, and then passing them in this condition through the
rolls, which are mounted on a frame, the two rolls geared together and operated by
a crank or otherwise, the upper roll being adjustable in a manner common with
rolls for other purposes. The rolls are made of metal, preferably brass or gun
metal, with smooth hard surface. The lower roll runs in a vat of gloss, and the
upper roll takes its gloss from the lower one.
When the length of the sheet is in excess of the circumference of the top roller, as
would be the case in glossing wall paper, this roller may have its own gloss fountain
vat to supply it with gloss.
In operation, the crank is first turned in a direction proper for feeding, but do
not feed at once, as the gloss collects or floods in such quantity at the mouth of the

page_text: rolls as to render feeding difficult, but after running in the feeding direction until
both rollers are coated, I reverse the rolls for a portion of a revolution, and in this
act release the flooding at the mouth. I then reverse again, and at the same time
feed the double sheet in, when, as both rollers are coated with gloss, both the prints
are glossed on the face side, and the backs do not receive any. This is a very
expeditious way of glossing sheets of labels, chromos, and other prints, and it is of
course equally valuable in glossing or coating sheets of wall paper.
It is equally applicable for gumming sheets of paper, or coating sheets or strips of
paper with color.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING THE PASSAGE OF FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Ramage at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1878.
PETER RAMAGE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING THE PASSAGE OF
FLUIDS AND LIQUIDS."
This Invention which relates improvements in the construction of valves for
controlling or regulating the passage or supply of fluids and liquids is applicable to
all purposes for which such valves are employed, and especially for regulating the
admission of steam or other fluid under pressure to a steam engine or other motor,
or for governing the supply of water or other liquid for domestic, sanitary, or other
purposes.
According to this Invention that part of the pipe or passage at which the
controlling medium is to be situated is provided with an ordinary butterfly or
puppet valve, arranged to open in the direction of the pressure of the fluid or liquid
in the pipe or passage. When shut the said valve is held down on its seat and
against the pressure by a cam or eccentric formed on or fixed to a spindle passing
through the walls of the pipe or passage behind the valve, and so arranged that
when the spindle is caused to perform a quarter or nearly a quarter of a turn by
means of a handle, key, or hand wheel, on the outer end thereof, the cam or
eccentric acts upon the back of the valve, and by forcing it down upon its seat cuts
off the supply of liquid or fluid. When the spindle with its eccentric or cam has
been turned back to its original position, the pressure acting upon the valve opens
it and allows the fluid or liquid to pass through.
Communication is thus cut off or established almost instantaneously, at the same
time that the peculiar progressive action of the cam or eccentric enables a com-
paratively slight pressure on the handle or hand wheel of the spindle, to exert

page_text: so sufficient a pressure upon the valve as to jamb it at once steam-tight upon its
seat.
The herein-before referred to eccentric spindle passes through a stuffing gland,
which latter can be packed when necessary without withdrawing the pressure of
stcam_or_other_fluid or liquid from in front of the valve, provided-the-valve-be-
closed before commencing operations on the gland.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY AND OTHER VALVES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Fortescue Flannery, of 9, Fenchurch Street, in
the City of London, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY AND OTHER VALVES."
Sealed the 6th May 1879, and dated the 7th November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Fortescue Flannery
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1878.
JAMES FORTESCUE FLANNERY, of 9, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer. ** IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY AND
OTHER VALVES."
My Invention has reference more especially to safety valves, but is also applicable
to other valves. It consists of the combination with a cup-shaped box or chambered
valve of a guide formed by casting or bolting or fixing to the cup-shaped box or
chambered valve a parallel cylindrical part of the same diameter as or of lesser
diameter than the contact surface or seating of the cup shaped box or chambered
valve.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Fortescue Flannery in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th May 1879.
JAMES FORTESCUE FLANNERY, of 9, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY AND
OTHER VALVES."
My Invention has reference more especially to safety valves, but is also applicable
to other valves. It consists of the combination with a cup-shaped box or chambered
valve of a guide formed by casting or bolting or fixing to the cup-shaped box or
chambered valve a parallel cylindrical part of the same diameter as or of lesser
diameter than the contact surface or seating of the cup-shaped box or chambered
valve.
The accompanying Drawing is a section of a safety valve constructed according
to my Invention. a is a cup-shaped box or chambered valve; b is the valve seat;
c is a parallel cylindrical part cast (or it may be bolted or fixed) to the valve a;
this part c is of lesser diameter than (or it may be of the same diameter as) the
contact surface of the valve a on the seat b. The part c moves in a collar or
cylinder d, and acts as a guide to the valve a when the latter rises and falls.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, constructing safety or other
valves of cup-shaped, box, or chambered form, with a cylindrical guide of the same
diameter as or of lesser diameter than the contact surface or seating of the valve,
as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Fortescue Flannery, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-nine.
J. FORTESCUE FLANNERY. (L.S.)