A. MACHINE UPON A NEW AND IMPROVED. CONSTRUCTION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HALL the younger, of Dartford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by His:
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Ninth day of November, in.
the first year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Hall the younger, my exors, admors, and.
assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Hall. the younger, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, or such others.
as I, the said John Hall the younger, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of His said Majesty's United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention, communicated to me by a
certain Foreigner residing abroad, of "A. MACHINE UPON A NEW AND IMPROVED.
CONSTRUCTION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John Hall the younger, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (reference being there-
unto had) will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Hall the younger, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is fully described and
ascertained as follows, that is to say :-
This machine of a new and improved construction for the manufacture of
paper is represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed, in which Fig. 1 is a
plan, and Fig. 2a sectional elevation of the same, similar letters referring to
similar parts. A, A, A, A, is an open cylinder or cylindrical mould, constructed
of wood, brass, copper, or other suitable materials, and covered with wove
wire. Its diameter should be about three feet, and its length suitable to the
width of paper to be made; on the periphery of the said cylinder or mould,
as it revolves, the pulp contained in the vat C is collected for forming the
paper. The ends of the said cylinder require to be flat, and on the periphery
of the said ends are fixed a certain number of brass bars d, as seen in Fig. 2,
parallel with the axis of the cylinder. These bars are notched to receive a
number of thin rings of copper c to support the covering of wove or laid wire
h, which is drawn tight over the cylinder, and is laid or otherwise fastened on
these rings in the same manner as it is laid on the bars of a common hand
mould, and therefore forms a good imitation of the same. A pump Z, of any
ordinary construction, placed in a convenient situation, is connected with the
suction pipe J, in order to draw off the superfluity of water from the interior
of the said cylinder A. The said cylindrical mould A, A, A, A, is made to
revolve in the vat c, c, c, c, in a horizontal position, supported by two hollow
bearings L, L, through which the suction pipes J of the pump are introduced.
The two ends of the cylinder, with the exception of the bearings, are closed,
and the said cylinder is immersed in the vat nearly to its centre. On the side
6 of the vat, prepared stuff or pulp suitable for being made into paper, is intro-
duced, and on the opposite side D water only is admitted. In consequence of
this immersion of the cylindrical mould A in the pulp, the said cylinder
becomes partly filled with water, and the fibres of rag are made to adhere to
the wire of the cylinder (in order to be converted into paper), by drawing off
a certain quantity of water from the interior of the cylinder through its two
bearings, by a pump or other such means, thereby creating a sufficient and
constant difference of level G, H, between the water G, G, in the cylinder and
the liquid pulp in the vat, this difference of level being dependant on the
action of the pump, which is variable at pleasure. When the machine is in
motion, it is by the regulation of the hydrostatic pressure produced by the said
difference of level of the two liquids, as well as by the state of the pulp and
velocity of the cylinder, that the thickness of the paper depends; but the said

page_text: thickness of the paper is regulated without altering the dimensions of the
cylinder. The adherence of the pulp to the wire of the cylinder occasioned by
the hydrostatic pressure produced as herein-before described uniformly takes
place as the said cylinder becomes immersed in its motion from E to F; and
the fibres of rags collected on the surface of the said cylinder are further com-
pressed and acted upon by immediately passing through the clear water from
F to I, which additional pressure tends to give the paper a more uniform
texture. The supply of stuff or pulp to the vat is introduced underneath the
cylinder at k, so as to rise on the side b, and mix with the flow of water as it
comes in contact with the cylinder A. The two agitators N, N, N, and R, R,
are made of round bars of metal or other suitable substance framed together,
and are necessary to keep the stuff in motion, so as to gather more equally on
the wire of the revolving cylinder. The agitator N, of the form of a quadrant,
is made to vibrate from the centre Q; and the semicircular agitator R, made
to work horizontally, is suspended from the point S, S, and both receive their
motion from the cams o, o, and cranks T, T. The water breakers V, V, V, V,
are so placed, and are found requisite to check the flow of water supplied to
the vat at u, u, and cause it to rise over the breast of the vat in an even
stream without a wave. The necessity of a very ample supply of water to the
vat is for the purpose of keeping the pulp in a free working state, as the water
is constantly streaming through the cylinder, and drawn off by the pipes J, J,
of the pump. The roll W, which is covered with several thicknesses of felt, I
call the couching roll, and being placed on the top of the cylindrical mould A,
is made to move at the same rate as the wire h on the cylinder, and in a
corresponding direction, for the purpose of compressing the pulp on the
cylinder, and rendering the said pulp fit to be raised in a continued sheet of
paper by its adherence to the felt y. Z is a circular pump for the purpose of
drawing off the water from the interior of the cylinder through the pipes J, J,
and returning part of it to the vat c, c, through the cistern and trough u and
water breakers v, v. The remainder of this water is carried off by the pipe k
to be mixed with the stuff and raised by the scoops m to the vat B by the
spout f, and kept in motion by the revolving agitator x. After the paper is
formed as described above, it is carried off from the cylindrical mould by the
felt y, y, over the couching roll W, and is carried and led away, as in all other
machines, over the guide rolls g to the first press rolls p, p, and from there on
to the second felt l, l, to the second press rolls g, 9, in which state it is wound
on the reel r, r, in a suitable state to be cut or dried.
Now, having described the construction of a machine for manufacturing
paper, of which many of the parts are already in common use, I do not lay

page_text: claim to such parts as the Invention communicated to me by a certain
Foreigner residing abroad; but what I lay claim to as the said Invention is the
combination of the same with those parts which (by the hydrostatic pressure
of the liquid pulp of prepared rags produced by the difference of level of the
same in the vat C with the liquid in the interior of the cylinder of woven wire
A, together with the pump,) causes the said pulp to collect on the periphery
of the said cylinder, and which parts, when combined with those already
described, constitute a machine upon a new and improved construction for
the manufacture of paper.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hall the younger, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our