matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE SPOUTS OR TUBES OF LUBRICATING CANS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1860.
I, JOHN BROWN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE SPOUTS OR TUBES OF LUBRICATING CANS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved method of making the tubes or spouts,
in order that the cans may deliver with certainty an uniform supply of oil or
lubricating matter, and consists in placing in the interior of the outer spout or
tube a shorter tube, made of any desired gauge, according to the quantity of
oil to be delivered, the spout and tube being made of iron, tin, or any suitable
material.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING DECANTERS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN GLASS OR CRYSTAL OF A ROUNDED FORM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Lespadin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1860.
I, FRANÇOIS LESPADIN, of Paris, France, Mechanician, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING
DECANTERS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN GLASS OR CRYSTAL OF A ROUNDED
FORM," to be as follows:-
Decanters, bottles, drinking glasses, and other similar articles of glass or
crystal offering a rounded surface formed by the generating line of a plane of
revolution were manufactured hitherto by blowing or casting the metal
(molten glass or crystal) in a mould, the inner surface of which corresponded
with the form to be given to the article. My Invention consists in employing
moulds, the interior surface of which instead of offering a rounded form,
presents on the contrary several sides or planes situated according to the form
of the article to be manufactured, so that for giving a rounded form to this
latter, the workman, while blowing the metal with the blow pipe in the
interior of the mould, causes the article to turn round in this latter in such
manner that while increasing in size, the article continues touching in a
tangential manner the sides of the inner surface of the mould, by which
method an article with a smooth surface without seams or chipped edges will
be produced. These moulds may be of brass, or any other suitable metal or
material, and they must be made in such manner as to allow the removing
of the manufactured article.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FOUNTAIN PENS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Palling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1860.
I, FRANCIS PALLING, of Esher Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN FOUNTAIN PENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the reservoir or holder of a fountain
pen a wire passing up the inside thereof; the bottom or outer end of said wire
has a knob or button affixed thereto, which should be so adjusted as only to
descend a limited distance to prevent the too free egress of the ink from the
reservoir. The use of the aforesaid wire and knob or button is to conduct the
ink in a thin film from the reservoir to the writing instrument, and by these
means to keep up a continuous self-acting supply of ink without the risk
of blots.
An important feature in this Invention consists in being able to use the full
aperture of the reservoir at the outlet thereof, whereas in fountain pens as
heretofore generally constructed the outlet orifice has been formed very small,
and consequently become clogged easily.
Another part of this Invention consists in making the nib or writing instru-
ment of fountain pens without a slit, and in forming the same with an
indented channel for the passage of ink to the point of the nib. I also
use a conductor to convey the ink to the point of the writing instrument.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Paris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1860.
I, MATTHEW PARIS, of Hill Side, Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fire-arms, and consists in
substituting for the trigger ordinarily employed, and which is placed under-
neath the stock a button or stud which is let into a recess, by preference in
the top of the stock, and which, in order to discharge the piece, is depressed,
the pressure being applied by the thumb. By thus depressing the button the
sear of the lock is acted on by an intermediate lever, or in other convenient
manner, and is caused to liberate the tumbler.
The button or stud being contained in a recess will not be likely to be
pressed upon accidentally, as happens not unfrequently to triggers of the
ordinary construction.
The recess in the stock for containing the button or stud may be furnished
with a sliding or other cover or guard if considered desirable, in which case
such cover or guard may be connected with a bolt or stop in such manner
that the hammer may be prevented descending till the cover or guard is
removed.
A button or stud such as above described may be placed in a recess under-

page_text: neath or on one side of the stock. in place of at the top thereof, but I consider
it more desirable that the button or stud should be at the top of the stock.
When desired provision is made where moveable sights are used, as in
rifles, that the descent of the hammer shall cause the sight to be folded
down.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th Septem-
ber 1860.
I, DAVID JONES, of Machen, Newport, County of Monmouth, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in certain appliances by means of which I am enabled
to raise water or other liquids to a height of or about 32 feet, hence enabling
me to make use of the fall or gravity of the same so as to obtain a motive
power. This I effect by means of ordinary steam in combination with certain
mechanical contrivances and arrangements, that is to say, a vessel, a portion
of which is formed so as to be collapsible communicates by means of two tubes
or pipes having cocks, or slides, or valves attached to them with another
globular or spheroidal shaped vessel, which is placed over the locality from
which the water is to be raised, this latter vessel has a capacity equal to the
amount of water required to be raised; and communicates with the water by
means of a rising tube having a valve which only opens upwards; another port
and tube, having a cock, serves to discharge the water out of it.
By means of the first-mentioned two pipes a vacuum is in the first instance
formed by means of steam within the globular vessel, and the water rushes
up the rising pipe and fills it, the valve preventing its egress; by means of the

page_text: collapsible box it is forced out through the discharge pipe, the vacuum is then
sustained and renewed by means of the action of the steam within this latter
box, and that of the collapsible portion of the box itself, which is so arranged
as to prevent the steam from coming into contact with the cold air or water or
the condensor until the vacuum is formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James King Worts, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1860.
I, JAMES KING WORTS, of Colchester, in the County of Essex, Tailor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to adaptation or combination of levers, rods, and
incline plane, for the purpose of obtaining motive power, in substitution or limi-
tation of horse or manual labour. Upon a main axis are formed two cranks,
which by links are connected to a rocking lever, one to one end and the other
to the other end of this lever; and this rocking lever is affixed to an axis,
through which passes another lever, one end of which is operated by the
attendant, whilst the other carries a wheel or roller moving on a segmental
course supported at its centre on an axis so as to be capable of forming
inclines first in one and then in the opposite direction, and the ends of this
course, which I call a balancing inclined plane, are by links connected to one
end of other levers whose opposite ends are formed with slots to receive the
crank studs from the main axis upon which the cranks, before referred to,
are formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING GAS (MAINLY OXYGEN) FOR IMPROVING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND FOR OTHER PUR- POSES; ALSO FOR UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM ITS MANU- FACTURE
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Webster, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
GAS (MAINLY OXYGEN) FOR IMPROVING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND FOR OTHER PUR-
POSES; ALSO FOR UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM ITS MANU-
FACTURE."
Sealed the 26th April 1861, and dated the 5th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Webster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1860.
I, JAMES WEBSTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING GAS (MAINLY OXYGEN) FOR IMPROVING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES; ALSO POR UTILIZING THE PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM ITS MANU-
FACTURE," to be as follows:-
To bring into practice my improvements I use an iron or other retort, in
which I place nitrate of soda (by preference) or nitrate of potash or other
nitrates, and submit the same to a bright red heat in a suitable furnace. A
small quantity of carbonic acid gas is first given off, which is allowed to escape,
after which nearly pure oxygen gas is generated with a small amount of nitric

page_text: acid, which nitric acid may be condensed in the usual way. The gas is col-
lected by pipes and receiver, without any further process, but may be passed
through lime water to free it from any impurities. After the gas is collected,
an alkali residue remains in the retort; this residue is taken out and placed in
the atmosphere to absorb oxygen again, or steam may be blown into such
residue to replace oxygen for that which has been extracted. It is then
ready for use again; or the residue from the retorts may be used for other
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stevens Squire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th.
July 1860.
I, WILLIAM STEVENS SQUIRE, of No. 37, Acacia Road, Saint John's Wood,
in the County of Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FOR
DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of peroxide of mercury in a finely
divided state in conjunction with a neutral salt of aniline, toluidine, or
cumidine, for the production of colors.
I make an intimate mixture of a salt of aniline and peroxide of mercury,
and I heat them together until effervescence takes place, and I continue the
beat for some time until the action is complete. I then dissolve the dark red
mass so obtained in methylated spirit, and filter. This solution may be used
for dyeing when diluted with hot water; but in order to purify the colouring
matter more completely, I pour the alcoholic solution into water, and collect
the colouring matter which precipitates, which may then be dissolved in
alcohol, and diluted with hot water for dyeing purposes. When the salt of
aniline is not easily fusible, I add the mixture of the peroxide of mercury and
the salt of aniline to some easily fusible substance, such as paraffine oil or wax,

page_text: and I heat the mixture until the action is complete. I then pour off the
paraffine, and dissolve the colouring matter in methylated spirit as before.
In making the mixture of the salt of aniline and peroxide of mercury,
I prefer to add freshly precipitated peroxide of mercury to a warm saturated
solution of the aniline salt, and evaporate the mixture to dryness.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1860.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of No. 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
It has been judged a desirable object to give the rails of railways a con-
tinuous bearing or support upon the ballasting without the intervention of
sleepers, or of chairs for supporting the rails upon the sleepers, with which
object rails have been rolled of a saddle and other forms, which offered a
widely extended surface or base for the rail to rest upon, but which, from
their great weight and rigidity, have not been found to answer, and otherwise
a somewhat wide support has been obtained by rivetting or bolting to the rails
continuous or intermittent wings or side pieces of angle iron or other shapes,
and also rails have been bolted to or supported upon plates as to obtain any
desired width and support; but the width of support so obtained has been
limited by the width or size of the wings or plates employed. Now, my Inven-
tion consists in constructing permanent way by laying or supporting the rails
themselves directly upon the ballast, and obtaining additional width of bearing
by longitudinal metal side supports or sleepers, one on each side of the rail,
which are not directly fastened or secured to the rail, but are connected there-
with by means of cross sleepers, bearers, or bars, occurring only at intervals,
and rivetted, bolted, or fastened to the rails and the longitudinal sleepers. And

page_text: also in constructing permanent way as above set forth, with the side sleepers so
shaped and disposed as that the combination of parts may present a trough-like
section, so as to obtain lateral steadiness by lying within the ballast.
The cross sleepers are to, or may consist, of chair-shaped pieces or plates,
and it is intended to dispose the several parts so as to break joint, or bond
with each other.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POTTERS' DRYING STOVES AND WORKSHOPS AND IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING THE CLAY FOR THE MOULDS USED BY THE POTTER SO AS TO RENDER THE PROCESS OF DRYING MORE EFFECTUAL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boulton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM BOULTON, Iron and Brass Founder, of Burslem, in the County
of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POTTERS' DRYING STOVES AND WORKSHOPS AND
IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING THE CLAY FOR THE MOULDS USED BY THE POTTER SO
AS TO RENDER THE PROCESS OF DRYING MORE EFFECTUAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists chiefly in drying the ware whilst in the clay state
by means of hot air apparatus, which confines the heat to any desired
locality.
The present system is to have shelving round a room and the moulds with
the clay on them are placed upon the said shelves, the heat for drying being
generated by means of a stove placed in the centre of such room.
Now this Invention consists in constructing passages or chambers with
shelving fixed therein on which to place the moulds when covered with clay;
and when a sufficient quantity is placed therein the process of drying is effected
by the introduction of heated air, supplied by the afore-mentioned hot air
apparatus.
As regards the preparation of the clay for the use of the potter, at present
it is batted out into flat cakes previous to placing the clay upon or in the

page_text: moulds, the consequence being that the "bats" are not of an uniform thickness,
and the drying process therefore goes on unequally.
Now I propose to press the clay by suitable machinery into flat cakes, by
so doing I obtain a greater amount of cohesiveness, and the "bats" are all of
one uniform desired thickness, whereby the process of drying is rendered more
effectual and regular.
This Invention presents the following advantages viz., economy of fuel and
space, improved ventilation and light, freedom from heat and steam to the
operative, and from dust to the ware.
A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crawford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th Angust
1860.
I, JOHN CRAWFORD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manager
to Messieurs James and Wainwright Bellhouse, of the same Place, Cotton
Spinners, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows :-
My Invention relates to that description of spinning machinery called the
self-acting mule, and to such descriptions thereof as are employed for spinning
"fine numbers" of yarn,
" of yarn, and having double "creels" and four rows of
rovings.
The improvement relates to that part of such mules known as the "roving
conductor" or guide plate, which occupies a position between the middle and
back rollers, and consists in soldering or otherwise securing a protecting rib or
bead upon the
upper and exterior edge of the metallic guide plate, so as to
form rounded guiding surfaces, and in such a manner as to prevent the edges
of such plate from injuring the yarn and rollers as when left rough as at
present.
A SELF-HEATING IRONING APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May
1860. A communication from abroad by Charles Jean Eugene Baptiste
Cailloüé, of Paris, Barrister.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 52, King William Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A SELF-HEATING IRONING APPARATUS."-Communicated
to me from abroad by Charles Jean Eugene Baptiste Cailloüé, of Paris,
Barrister, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that particular class of ironing implements known
and distinguished as "box irons," and consists, first, in so constructing the
same as that it shall have two working surfaces, either of which may be used
as desired; and, secondly, in heating the same by means of a spirit lamp
connected thereto and moveable therewith.
The following is the construction of the said ironing apparatus proposed to
be used in lieu of the ordinary "box irons," that is to say, I form a hollow
rectangalar-shaped casting of metal, two opposite sides whereof are formed
smooth and flat, the other two sides have openings formed therein to admit air
thereinto to support combustion of the flame of a lamp, the wick of which is
placed therein, said lamp being at the outside of one end of the aforesaid
hollow casting. The ends of this casting are embraced by a handle capable
of revolving on or around axes fixed or connected to the ends of said casting,

page_text: so that as the heat from the flame therein imparts such heat to the uppermost
surface of the said hollow casting, this surface may be turned downwards
(the handle being kept vertical) and used whilst the other surface, which is
now uppermost, becomes heated, and when the lowermost surface becomes too
cold for use the opposite heated surface may then be brought into use as
before stated, the lamp always remaining stationary with respect to the
revolving part of the apparatus.
AN IMPROVED COFFEE POT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pickering Hodgson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1860.
I, JOHN PICKERING HODGSON, of Pilgrim Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in
the County of Northumberland, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COFFEE POT," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction of coffee pot, to be called
"Hodgson's Patent Economic Coffee Pot," by means of which the entire
strength of the coffee employed may be extracted, whilst the aroma is fully
preserved, and the resulting infusion is quite clear and free from sediment, as
well as stronger than the infusion made in existing pots from an equal quantity
of coffee. This coffee pot may be made of tin or other suitable metal; it
consists of three cylindrical parts, of which one is so made that its bottom will
fit into the top of each of the other two parts, whilst its top is constructed to
receive the top of either of such other two parts, such parts to be inverted for
that purpose. The middle part has at or near its bottom a diaphragm of
finely-perforated tin or other suitable metal in the nature of a sieve, and upon
this diaphragm the ground coffee is placed when the pot is to be used. Instead
of or along with the metallic diaphragm a bag of fine muslin may be used,
and this bag may be fastened, by sewing or otherwise, to the middle part of
the apparatus; the other two parts have impervious bottoms. For the sake

page_text: of clearness, I will call the three parts A, B, and C, of which B is the middle
part. When the pot is to be put to use, the part B is fitted into the part C,
and the ground coffee is placed inside the former. The part A being filled
with boiling water, which must then be poured quickly upon the ground coffee,
is inverted, and its top fitted into the top of part B in order to prevent the
escape of the aroma and steam. The water passing through the coffee and
the perforated diaphragm or bag, the infusion will collect in the lowest part
C. When the whole has passed through, the parts should be separated, and
part B being fitted into the top of part A, which is now the lowest part of
the apparatus, the hot infusion is to be poured upon the ground coffee once 1
more, and part C'is to be inverted, and its top fitted into the part B. When
the infusion has run through into A the infusion will be ready for use.
AN IMPROVED BUTTON OR FASTENING FOR IRON BEDSTEADS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1860.
I, WILLIAM LAKE, of the Firm of Joseph Lake and Son, of the Old Kent
Road, in the County of Surrey, Bedstead Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BUTTON OR FASTENING FOR IRON
BEDSTEADS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improved button or fastening is intended specially for the tightening
and regulating the laths of iron bedsteads, and consists in the application
of an excentric collar or shoulder between the pivot or pin and the overlapping
flange or button of the fastening should the lath (through which the pin or
pivot of the button is passed until the excentric shoulder is sunk in the hole)
be loose by turning the flange or overlap of the button (which acts as a lever)
right or left; the excentric shoulder presses against the side of the hole cut
through the lath, drawing the lath with it as it turns, thereby securing and
tightening it as much as may be desired, and it may be loosened by turning
the button back to its original position. A shoulder has always necessarily
been left between the pivot or pin and the overlap of the button, but being
generally circular, and always a very slight projection, it has been of no use
for the purpose of tightening or regulating the laths of bedsteads, which object
I
propose to attain as above described by lengthening the said shoulder or
collar and making it excentric.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF RICE IN ORDER TO MANUFACTURE STARCH, STARCH GUM, AND GUMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maltby at the Office of
"the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1860.
I, WILLIAM MALTBY, of De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF RICE IN ORDER TO MANUFACTURE STARCH, STARCH
GUM, AND GUMS," to be as follows, that is to say:―
I mix the rice with water in the proportion of about eleven of the former to
eight of the latter, I then put the mass into a steam pan or water bath, and
subject it to a temperature not higher than 155° Fah., until the rice can be
easily reduced to a powder; I then triturate it in streams of cold water, and
pass the liquor through fine strainers until it becomes clear, the starchy matter
is then collected by precipitation, washed upon strainers, pressed and dried at
a low temperature; the operation is completed. To form starch gum I take
the before mentioned starchy matter, or the starch after being pressed, but
before it is dried, and to a portion containing about 112 lbs. I add and mix
thoroughly 2 gallons of water containing 3 ounces of sulphuric acid; this
mixture I dry at a temperature below 70° Fah., and then place it in a covered.
water bath or other similar vessel in such a way that the steam may pass ovor
the surface of the accidulated starch, and the temperature be raised to about
212 Fab., and continued for some hours; the acid is then neutralized by
means of a carbonated alkali or ammoniacle vapour.
When I wish to form gum I adopt one of the following methods according

page_text: as I wish the gum to be white, dark, or sweet:-I mix one hundredweight of
ground rice with about 40 gallons of water, containing a pint of concentrated
sulphuric acid of commerce, and allow the mass to stand 4 or 5 days, occa-
sionally stirring it; I then add about more water and place the mixture in
a water bath, and raise it to a temperature not exceeding 165° Fah., and as it
evaporates adding more water until the starch is dissolved; I then neutralize
the acid by means of a white carbonate of lime, chalk, magnesia, alumina, or
baryta, press it on a strainer, evaporate the liquor to a proper consistency,
which gives a white gum.
In some cases I vary the first part of the last-mentioned process as follows:-
I boil the same quantity of rice in about 90 gallons of water for 2 hours,
then reduce the temperature to 165° Fah., and add 2 pints of sulphuric acid
mixed with 2 gallons of water, and complete the operation as before. For
darker gums I take the same proportion of rice and water and heat it at
165° Fah. for 2 hours, then raise to 212° Fah., and complete the operation as
before described. For sweet gums, after boiling the same quantities of rice
and water for 2 hours, I add instead of the acid the diastase produced from
8 lbs. of malt at a heat of 170 Fah., and complete as before.
AN APPARATUS FOR MOVING WAGGONS OR CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Toussaint Victor Guerrée at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
December 1860.
I, TOUSSAINT VICTOR GUERRÉE, of L'Aigle, Town in the French Empire,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
APPARATUS FOR MOVING WAGGONS OR CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My apparatus is intended to be used chiefly at stations for moving carriages
in the making up of trains. It consists of a frame placed on wheels running
on the rails, provided with a platform for an attendant to stand upon, and with
a winch handle for giving motion to a worm or endless screw, in gear with
a worm wheel upon the axle of the railway wheels. The top of the frame
engages in a hook on the carriage to be moved. The wheels may be roughed
or jagged to give them a better hold on the rails, and the bite may be further
secured by means of a rod carried from the top of the frame to an excentric
on the axle of the wheels.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MOUNTING THE NEEDLE POINTS AND GUIDES USED IN KNITTING AND LACE MACHINERY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Iongh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1860.
I, CHARLES DE IONOH, of Lautenbach, near Guebwiller, in the Empire of
France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF MOUNTING THE NEEDLE POINTS AND GUIDES USED IN
KNITTING AND LACE MACHINERY," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to the manufacture of the needle bars, point bars, and
guide bars used in knitting and lace machinery by a process similar to that
for which I have obtained Letters Patent in the name of my correspondent
William Edward Newton, bearing date October 18th, 1859, (N° 2383).
Since applying for this Patent, I have found that the principle protected under
such application, whereby I am enabled to secure firmly in position the pins
of gills or combs is equally applicable to the mounting of the bearded needles
of knitting machinery and the guides of knitting and lace machinery, as also
the points of lace machinery. Thus for securing, for example, the needles in
their bars, I provide a metal plate, in the face of which and near one edge
thereof I form a row of notches or grooves to receive the heads of a row of
needles which are to be arranged at equal distances apart, whether parallel
to each other or arranged radially. These needles, when placed in the recesses,
1 secure by means of a clamp, and they are then ready for insertion into the

page_text: trough
bar which is permanently to receive them. This bar I make of a
shape by preference, and fill the trough with easily fusible metal or suitable
binding cement, and bring the same in a liquid or molten state; I then apply
the clamp to the trough, inserting the stems of the needles in the molten
metal or liquid cement, and having withdrawn the means of keeping the
metal or coment heated, allow it to set, when the needles will be found to be
firmly united to the bar. This end is further secured when metal is the
uniting medium by wetting the metal surfaces that are to be united with a
solution of muriate or nitro-muriate of zinc, or their equivalent, which greatly
promotes the adhesion of the molten metal thereto. When mounting the
points, or the guides in their bars, the notches or grooves in the plates must be
suitably shaped to receive their instruments, and graduated to suit the kind of
work they are intended to be employed upon.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Samuel Dawes at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1860.
I, JOHN SAMUEL DAWES, of Smethwick House, near Birmingham, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention consists of the method or methods herein-after described
of constructing the breech end of fire-arms and ordnance, by which method or
methods of construction the said breech end may be readily and quickly
opened for the introduction of the charge and rapidly and securely closed
for firing.
I will describe my Invention with reference to a rifle. I make the breech end
of the barrel longer than usual, and a portion of the prolonged part correspond-
ing to the length of the cartridge used is so constructed that the upper half
of it may slide off or back from the lower half, so as to leave the said lower
part open and ready to receive the cartridge. The upper or sliding part of the
breech is attached to the interior of a hollow cylinder or tube of sufficient size
and strength to slide on and securely cover the whole of this part of the breech,
a fast or secure end to the breech being constantly maintained by means of a
smooth cylindrical bar of the same size as the bore of the barrel, and firmly
fixed in the direction of the bore, and forming a part of the breech itself. The

page_text: movable part of the breech slides on the upper half of the said bar. I prefer to
effect the sliding motion of the upper or movable portion of the breech by
means of mechanism connected with the lock of the rifle, so that when the
hammer is raised to half cock, the aperture for the introduction of the cartridge
is opened to receive it, and the raising of the hammer to full cock causes the
opening to be securely closed; I do not, however, confine myself to any
particular method of working the sliding portion of the breech, neither do I
limit myself to the method described of connecting the upper sliding part of
the breech to the lower fixed part by means of a sliding tube, to which the
said upper part is affixed, as the said upper sliding part may be connected with
the lower part by means of strongly constructed grooves in one part engaging
with the edges of the other part.
The essence of my Invention consists in opening and closing a portion of
the breech end of the rifle by making one part of-the said end slide upon the
other, a fast or secure end at the same time being maintained. Although
for convenience of description I have described my Invention with reference
only to a rifle, yet my said Invention is applicable to fire-arms in general, as
well as ordnance.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, SPIKES, AND STAPLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Webb, Thomas Timmins,
and Robert Brough, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd November 1860.
We, SAMUEL WEBB, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, and THOMAS TIMMINS, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, and
ROBERT BROUGH, of Birmingham aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, SPIKES, AND STAPLES," to be as follows:--
Our Invention consists, firstly, of machinery for the manufacture of nails and
spikes constructed in the following manner :-The said machinery consists
essentially of a pair of rolls, on the cylindrical surfaces of which impressions
are sunk, each pair of which constitutes a mould or die of the figure of the
nail to be made; the said rolls are of a width equal to the width of the nail,
and on each of the said rolls a loose ring is placed, which rings constitute
moveable flanges, one on each roll, and support the rod of iron laterally while
it is being compressed by the rolls, that is to say, the said flanges constitute
the sides of the moulds or dies in which the nails are formed; side rolls or
supports may be employed to support the said rings and keep them to their
bearing. The principal rolls are geared together and driven by steam or other
power, and the rods of iron to be made into nails are heated to redness and
passed through the machine and thereby made into nails. This machine is
adapted to make clasp-headed nails and spikes.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of machinery for manufacturing nails and

page_text: spikes, constructed as follows:-The said machinery consists of a pair of rolls
similar to those of the machine already described. Instead of placing a loose
ring on each of the said rolls, we support the rod of iron laterally by means of
steel plates jointed together so as to form a sort of endless chain composed of
flat links or plates; two sets of the said plates are employed, one on each side
of the rolls. The said plates are kept to their bearings against the sides of the
rolls by means of flanges on the said rolls, the said flanges having annular
bearings adjustablo by set screws. The said jointed plates are carried forward
by the rolls and support the sides of the rod during the formation of the nail,
or the said plates may be supported by rolls or other supports. This machine
is suitable for the manufacture of rose-headed nails, as the sides of the head
may be formed by impressions in the said plates. Each pair of the said plates
as they pass from the rolls fall down into a vertical position, and returning
underneath re-enter the rolls.
In making staples we form rods pointed at both ends by either of the
machines described, and by means of a pair of bending dies the said pointed
rods are bent into the required shape as they pass from the rolls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lansley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April 1860.
I, JOHN LANSLEY, of Brown Candover, in the County of Hants, Smith, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HARROWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
harrow, whereby great lightness and economy of construction are obtained.
According to this Invention it is proposed to make the whole of the parts
of the harrow of wrought iron; the beams, in place of being of a zigzag form,
aro slightly curved in plan, similar to the beams of ordinary wooden harrows,
and each barrow of the set is connected to the other by a tubular bar or rider,
which is coupled at each end by links to the centre portion of the top of the
harrow, thus keeping the several harrows well together. The teeth of the
harrow are cach bolted to the sides of the beams by long bolts passing through
the several beams, and through the heads of the teeth, tubular stretchers of
wrought iron being passed on to the bolts and interposed between the beams
so as to keep them the proper width apart, the whole being tightened up by
nuts outside the harrow. The draught is applied to the front corner of cach
harrow, a suitable notched draught iron being bolted to each harrow for
connecting it to the whippletree.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SLICING, SHREDDING AND PULPING TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas West at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1860.
I, THOMAS WEST, of Warwick, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SLICING,
SHREDDING AND PULPING TURNIPS AND OTHER ROOTS," to be as follows:-
This machine is so arranged as to be worked without the aid of spur
wheels. The knives for slicing and shredding the root are to be made of one
solid piece of cast steel fixed on one side of a revolving plate or disc, and are
so arranged as to be easily removed and replaced when necessary. The
pulping knives are to be fixed on the other side of the same plate or disc, and
work through or between stationary knives or fingers fixed in a small iron
hopper. Above the plate or disc is a hopper which is capable of being
removed, and has a moveable partition in the centre, so as to direct the roots
to either side of the plate as required. The slices or shreds of the roots as
they are cut fall through openings in the plate into the pulping hopper, and
are there acted upon by the pulping knives, and are delivered in the state of
pulp. When only shreds or slices are required, the pulping hopper with its
fixed knives or fingers are removed, and the slices or shreds of the roots fall
through without being pulped. The plate or disc carrying the slicing and
pulping knives is mounted upon a spindle resting in iron bearings, and turned
by means of a handle, the whole being supported on a suitable wooden or iron
framing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE EXHAUSTION OF STEAM ENGINE CONDENSERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Laird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 16th March 1860.
I, JOHN LAIRD, of Port Glasgow, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE EXHAUSTION OF STEAM ENGINE CONDENSERS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application of rotatory pumps of any con-
venient and effective class for the purpose of exhausting or withdrawing the
air, water, and vapours from steam engine condensers. It is preferred to usc
for this purpose rotatory or centrifugal pumps, such as those known as
Gwynne's or Appold's, but various forms or arrangements will answer the
required end, the pumps being driven either by the engine itself or by a
separate mover. In this system of working condensers the ordinary air pump
is entirely dispensed with and an extremely steady exhaustive action is
maintained in the condenser. In this way the exhausting apparatus may be
situated at a distance from the engine whilst the simplicity of the details
reduces the first cost, and less power is required for working it than is the
case with ordinary air pumps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OE WELDED IRON TUBES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Barnsley, of New Town, in the Parish of
Rowley Regis, in the County of Stafford, Iron Tube Manufacturer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OE
WELDED IRON TUBES."
Sealed the 7th December 1860, and dated the 25th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Barnsley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th June 1860.
I, ABRAHAM BARNSLEY, of New Town, in the Parish of Rowley Regis, in
the County of Stafford, Iron Tube Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF WELDED IRON TUBES," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the use of a double draw bench, double draw
chains, double stops, and two wagons, which I fix directly opposite a welding
furnace with two apertures in the place of the single draw bench and welding
furnace with one aperture as ordinarily employed.
In the ordinary manufacture the partially formed tube is welded by the
action of a single draw bench, by which only one tube can be operated upon at
a time. After the tube has traversed such single draw bench, it has to be

page_text: returned to the furnace to be reheated; it then is made to traverse such draw
bench a second time, when the tube is passed in a heated state to a second
single draw bench placed somewhere conveniently behind the first single draw
bench, over which second draw bench such tube passes only once, when its
welding is completed; consequently, as each heated tube in the ordinary
process of welding has to be passed twice over the first single draw bench, and
only once over the second single draw bench, the time of the workmen
stationed at the second single draw bench is only half occupied. By my
Invention the manufacture is expedited.
By the action of my double draw bench two tubes are made to undergo the
process of welding simultaneously. Each tube, after travelling over the first
division of such double draw bench, is passed on to the second division of such
double draw bench, and from such second division to the single draw bench in
the rear. Thus, during the
Thus, during the finishing of the welding of a tube on the single
draw bench, two tubes are undergoing consecutively the preparatory processes
of welding on the double draw bench. The single draw bench placed in the
rear of the double draw bench is thus kept in full action, and the tubes escape
much unnecessary heating, and are improved in quality.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS FOR COUPLING OR CONNECTING THE CARRIAGES, WAGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES ON RAILWAYS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1860.
I, JAMES HENSON, of 13, Parliament Street, Westminster,, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS FOR COUPLING OR CONNECTING THE CARRIAGES,
WAGONS, AND OTHER VEHICLES ON RAILWAYS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO VARIOUS OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming chain of flat, or flat and half round, or
other shaped plates, of either iron or steel, or of both, with rivets only, or
rivets and screws made of either of the same materials. The end and side
edges of the plates intended to form the chain may be left either square or
rounded, as may be most desirable, for the practical application of the same;
all the holes intended to receive the pins, bolts, or screws, for the purpose of
connecting the link plates should be drilled, as the process of punching is apt
to injure the metal. The chain may be made of any number, thickness, and
shape of link plates suitable to the purpose for which the chain is to be used.
For connecting railway carriages and wagons the chain may be secured to the
end piece of each carriage or wagon frame, either by a suitably formed hook
and shackle, or either a hooked plate link and rivet with shoulder, or pin
with collar, or with a bolt, to be attached and passed through the hole in the
link plate left for that purpose, and secured by a key, by the latter means the

page_text: chain will present a uniform appearance, care being taken that in all the parts
equality of strength is attained. Or the connection between the carriages may
take place by any other suitable mechanical means. In order to make a chain
of great strength, I take two or more rods of iron or steel and twist each
round the other, and at the part to be welded or joined together for the
purpose of forming the links, whether made of one only, or more rods of iron, I
cause a piece of steel of any section or length suitable for the purpose to be
welded and incorporated with the metal intended to form the links of the
chain, thus what is called breaking the joint, or greatly adding to the strength
of the weld, and consequently of each link intended to form the chain. In
some cases I make an indentation or longitudinal groove or cavity by the
process of rolling the iron intended to receive the piece of steel, to be either
incorporated with the part welded on the outside or the inside of the link, or
the piece of steel rod or bar may be laid in the groove or cavity of the same
length as the piece of iron intended to form the link; the piece of steel rod or
bar may be laid in on the inside only of the iron link, thereby securing a
harder wearing surface of the links forming the chain. It is evident that my
improved chain is applicable to a variety of purposes.