IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK KILNS, SUCH INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR BURNING LIME, CHIMNEY POTS, AND SANITARY TUBES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Foster and Charles James Foster, both of Nor-
manton, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRICK KILNS, SUCH INVENTION BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR BURNING LIME,
CHIMNEY POTS, AND SANITARY TUBES."
Sealed the 23rd September 1876, and dated the 12th July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Foster and Charles
James Foster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July
1876.
JOHN FOSTER and CILARLES JAMES FOSTER, both of Normanton, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK KILNS, SUCH INVENTION BEING
APPLICABLE FOR BURNING LIME, CHIMNEY POTS, AND SANITARY TUBES."
ALSO
The kiln is of a very simple construction, and can be built by any ordinary
builder. The cost is much less in building for the quantity it will hold, and will
burn them much quicker and cheaper than kilns of ordinary construction.
According to our Invention the flues are taken out of the bottom of the chambers
in such positions as to ensure a regular dispersion of the heat throughout, which
can be regulated by shutting off the heat from each side of the kiln or from its
centre.
The flues are arranged to act in the direction the heat is travelling in such a
manner as to entirely stop all back draught, and are continuate in one direction,
facilitating the speed of burning and keeping the flues at one uniform heat,
preventing the "chicks" on burning caused by opening fresh flues to the chimney
for each chamber, the draft thereby being kept so regular that the heat from the
bricks burning the bricks in front in such an advanced state that they only require
a nominal amount of fine slack or its equivalent to keep up the required heat and
to finish the burning process.
The heat is conducted into the external or parallel chambers by an arrangement
of dampers which may be applied instantly, preventing the admission of cold air
and obviating the necessity of entering the kiln. The herein-before mentioned
kiln is also applicable for burning lime, chimney pots, and sanitary tubes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Foster and Charles James Foster in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th November 1876.
JOHN FOSTER and CHARLES JAMES FOSTER, both of Normanton, in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK KILNS, SUCH INVENTION BEING ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR BURNING LIME, CHIMNEY POTS, AND SANITARY TUBES."
The kiln is of a very simple construction, and can be built by any ordinary
builder. The cost is much less in building for the quantity it will hold, and will
burn them much quicker and cheaper than kilns of ordinary construction.
According to our Invention the flues are taken out of the bottom of the chambers
in such positions as to ensure a regular dispersion of the heat throughout, which
can be regulated by shutting off the heat from each side of the kiln or from its
centre.
"
The flues are arranged to act in the direction the heat is travelling in such a
manner as to entirely stop all back draught, and are continuous in one direction,
facilitating the speed of burning and keeping the flues at one uniform heat,
preventing the "chicks on burning caused by opening fresh flues to the chimney
for each chamber, the draught thereby being kept so regular that the heat from the
bricks burning the bricks in front in such an advanced state that they require a
nominal amount of fire slack or its equivalent to keep up the required heat and to
finish the burning process.
The heat is conducted into the external or parallel chambers by an arrangement
of dampers which may be applied, instantly preventing the admission of cold and
obviating the necessity of entering the kiln. The herein-before mentioned kiln is
also applicable for burning limé, chimney pots, and sanitary tubes.
And in order that our Invention may be more completely understood reference
is given to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the letters and marks
thereon.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 is a transverse section through E, F,
Figure 3. Figure 3 is a sectional plan, the greater part of which is taken through
A, B, Figure 2, and the smaller part through C, D. Figure 4 is a sectional plan of
movable divisional door on an enlarged scale.
a are the external walls of the kilns, and b a divisional wall. c are passages
into the interior of the kiln through which the bricks or other forms.arc carried
to be burnt, and through which also after being burnt they are carried away.
d are flues, which in accordance with our Invention are taken out of the bottom of
the chambers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 in such positions as to
secure a regular dispersion of the heat throughout. The flues d' are used to cause
a draught across the chamber 8, which has the tendency to draw the heat as it
passes from chamber 7 through opening e to chamber_8. The flues are for a
similar purpose with respect to chambers 14 and 1. Each flue is provided with a
damper f, and is conducted into a main passage or flue g which is arranged
outside the kiln, and conveys the waste heat and gases to the "stack
chimney h.
">
or tall
We will now proceed to describe the method we employ for setting the bricks or
other forms in the kiln and burning them.
We by preference start with the chambers 2 and 3, and preparatory to this we
enclose the two chambers 2 and 3 by means of the divisional doors i, which door
is more clearly shewn at Figure 4, and consists of a number of loose parts which
fit into each other, as shewn at J, Figure 4. These are made to suit the curve of
the arch in the kiln. In order to put the door together in this manner all the
parts are put together as shown, except the centre one, which is passed through the

page_text: hole or opening k in the top of the kiln into its position. A hole or opening / is
provided over each chamber where the doors are required.
When the bricks are set in the interior of the chambers 2 and 3, which is done
in the ordinary manner, and also lighted off in the usual way, the holes in the
top of the kiln are for passing fuel into the interior previous to and during the
burning process. Previous to lighting off the chambers 2 and 3 the dampers of
their respective flues d are opened. As soon as the chambers 2 and 3 are lighted
off we commence setting the bricks or other forms in the chambers 4 and 5, and on
the chambers 4 and 5 being filled the divisional door of No. 3 chamber is drawn
up through the hole or opening , shewn in dotted lines.
In order to enable us to draw the doors up through the opening or hole & we
attach chains to each part of the divisional plate i which are passed up through
the hole or opening , by which means, after the centre plate is drawn up through
the hole or opening each of the other parts are drawn to the centre and then out
through the same hole or opening. This being done the dampers of the chambers
4 and 5 are opened, and those of chambers 2 and 3 closed, whereby the heat
passes amongst the fresh unburnt bricks or other forms. The divisional door.
previous to this is placed at m, shewn in dotted lines in a similar manner to that
described for the other chambers. The same process is carried on for the chambers
7 and 8, a connection being previously formed between 7 and 8 by withdrawing
the divisional door n, and so on continuously through the chambers 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, and 1. To connect 14 and 1 the door o is withdrawn in a similar manner
to the door n. By the time the burning has passed round to chamber 1 Nos. 2
and 3 will have been burnt off; the bricks or other forms are moved therefrom and
replaced by unburnt brick or other forms. By this means it will be readily
understood that the heat is continually passed round from chamber to chamber
with very little loss, effecting thereby a great saving in fuel, at the same time the
kiln will do its work much quicker than kilns of ordinary construction. When
required in some cases we provide large holes over each chamber from the drying
shed p which is of ordinary construction, and serves the purpose of drying the
bricks or other forms which are then lowered into the interior.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and shewn by Drawings
how the same may be carried into practice, we would have it understood that we
do not limit ourselves to the precise details or configuration of the various parts wo
have explained and shewn, as the same may of course be varied or modified without
in any way departing from the nature of our said Invention, but what we do claim
and desire to be secured to us by Letters Patent is,-
First. The general arrangement and application of the bottom flues d, substantially
as and for purposes herein set forth.
Second. The arrangement of continuous flues and dampers in combination
with the bottom flues d, substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Third. The mode of and means for separating the kiln here described into
chambers, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the kiln,
together with any mere modifications of the same, substantially as and for purposes
herein set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said John Foster, for myself and on behalf of
the said Charles James Foster, have hereunto sot my hand and seal, this
Third day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and