Improvements relating to the Production of Drawings suitable for Reproduction.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 7th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 8th Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Production of Drawings suitable for
Reproduction.
I, ANDRÉ CASTELIN, Deputy, of 22 Rue des Martyrs, Paris, in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Drawings destined for reproduction in black or in colors may be made in line for
instance with the pencil, or by black or coloured washes.
The original drawings may be made by simple stroke or with hatchings or
graduation obtained by crayons, stippling or stumps. Wash drawings are obtained
by washes or brush touches of variable intensity.
Drawings which only contain strokes, hatchings, stippling are photographed or
transferred upon stone according as they are drawn with an ordinary pencil or
with a special pencil on auto-lithographic paper.
In both cases the transfer obtained upon the metal constitutes reserves which
are not attacked by the acid and allows of reproducing the drawing with all its
details.
But with chemical etching or any other analogous process, middle tints and
washes cannot be retained since all strokes, whether thin or heavy, washes and tints
constitute reserves upon the metal which on biting in have similar reliefs all
imparting an equal intensity to the impression. Thus when one wishes to reproduce
semi-tints or graduations obtained otherwise than by hatching or stippling, be it
upon line or wash drawings, the so-called "processes" have to be employed.
These processes are manifold and differ according as the drawing has to be
reproduced with more or less exactitude.
In certain cases the photo-engraver is contented to impart a grey colour to the
semi-tints which then all come out with a uniform value, or he intercalates between
the metal covered with the impressionable coating and the photographic cliché a
grating, which produces continuous breaks in the coating and permits of producing
a typographic drawing of similar values to the original drawing. The processes
for drawing on stone and lithographic transfer present the same difficulties.
The present invention relates to the production by the artist in his drawing
itself of these solutions of continuity which allow of the auto-litho and
typographic reproduction of the gradations of the drawings.
For this purpose the drawings are made upon any film, ordinary or auto-
lithographic, applied upon a support previously carrying reliefs, regular or irregular,
lines, points, checkers, circles, the designs of which may be any kind as also the
methods of obtaining them such as cutting, engraving, etching, casting, impressing,
compressing etc. This support may be of wood, metal or any other substance.
The qualities of these reliefs and their regularity are dependent upon the
resultant, which is wanted to be obtained. In general the drawings are made upon
a metallic support covered either with cuts or points using either the ordinary
pencil or the auto-lithographic pencil, or by placing between the film and the relief
another film coated with a coloring substance.
The design will appear, as the case may be, in obverse or reverse with a
reproduction of the solutions of continuity of the support, imitating in most cases
engraving or stippling and giving in all cases to the design a texture so that the
reproduction no longer requires the use of the grating for graying, colouring and

page_text: retouching or for imparting to the drawings the finesse of tint, semi-tint or
graduations.
This process is likewise applicable for the lithographic reproduction and in
general for all reserves obtained upon film by any matter and destined by a transfer
to transmit these reserves to a substance intended to reproduce the same after a
chemical etching-process or any other process.
It is also applicable in general for the reproduction of all designs or drawings
obtained by pencil by any other process.
Dated this 8th day of February 1895.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to the Applicant.
mprovements relating to the Production of Drawings suitable for
Reproduction.
I, ANDRÉ CASTELIN, Deputy, of 22 Rue des Martyrs, Paris, in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Drawings destined for reproduction in black or in colors may be made in line for
instance with the pencil, or by black or colored washes.
The original drawings may be made by simple stroke or with hatchings or
graduation obtained by crayons, stippling or stumps. Wash drawings are obtained
by washes or brush touches of variable intensity.
Drawings which only contain strokes, hatchings, stippling are photographed or
transferred upon stone according as they are drawn with an ordinary pencil or with
a special pencil on lithographic paper.
In both cases the transfer obtained upon the metal constitutes reserves which
are not attacked by the acid and allows of reproducing the drawing with all its
details.
But with chemical etching or any other analogous process middle tints and
washes cannot be retained since all strokes whether thin or heavy, washes and tints
constitute reserves upon the metal which on biting in have smaller reliefs all
imparting an equal intensity to the impression. Thus when one wishes to
reproduce semi-tints or graduations obtained otherwise than by hatching or
stippling, be it upon line or wash drawings the so called "processes" have to be
employed.
These processes are manifold and differ according as the drawing has to be
reproduced with more or less exactitude.
In certain cases the photo engraver is contented to impart a gray color to the
semi-tints which then all come out with a uniform value, or he intercalates
between the metal covered with the impressionable coating and the photographic
cliché a grating which produces continuous breaks in the coating and permits of
producing a typographic drawing of similar values to the original drawing. The
processes for drawing on stone and lithographic transfer present the same
difficulties.
The present invention relates to the production by the artist in his drawing
itself of these solutions of continuity which allow of the lithographic and
typographic reproduction of the graduations of the drawings.
For this purpose the drawings are made upon any film, ordinary or lithographic,
applied upon a support previously carrying reliefs, regular or irregular, lines,
points, checkers, circles, the designs of which may be of any kind as also the

page_text: methods of obtaining them such as cutting, engraving, etching, casting, impressing,.
compressing etc. This support may be of wood, metal or any other substance.
The qualities of these reliefs and their regularity are dependent upon the
resultant which is wanted to be obtained. In general the drawings are made upon
a metallic support covered either with cuts or points using either the ordinary
pencil or a lithographic pencil, or by placing between the film and the relief
another film coated with a coloring substance.
The design will appear, as the case may be, in obverse or reverse with a
reproduction of the solutions of continuity of the support, imitating in most cases
engraving or stippling and giving in all cases to the design a texture so that the
reproduction no longer requires the use of the grating for graying coloring and
retouching or for imparting to the drawings the finesse of tint, semi-tint, or
gradations.
This process is likewise applicable for lithographic reproduction and in general
for all reserves obtained upon film by any matter and destined by a transfer to
transmit these reserves to a substance intended to reproduce the same after a
chemical etching process or any other process.
It is also applicable in general for the reproduction of all designs or drawings.
obtained by pencil by any other process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvements relating to the production of drawings suitable for reproduction
consisting in utilizing for the original drawing any film, ordinary or lithographic,.
applied upon a support previously carrying regular or irregular reliefs equivalent
to those desired to form gradations of tone in the reproductions of such drawing.
Dated this 7th day of December 1895.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.