Improvements in Automatic Telegraphs.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 17th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 20th Dec., 1890
Improvements in Automatic Telegraphs.
A communication to me from abroad by EDUARD CASSALETTE and DAVID
KUNHARDT, both of Aachen, in the Empire of Germany.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for automatically sending telegrams
to a receiving station or apparatus.
A shaft is supported in bearings provided in standards and capable of being
turned by a handle. Upon the said shaft an arm is mounted the bent upper end of
which carries contact springs, which during the rotation of the shaft and arm slide
over the surface of a cylindrical wheel or drum of wood or other suitable material
rigidly held in position by a standard. On the outer end of the shaft a toothed
wheel is mounted, gearing at the right and at the left side with toothed wheels, the
said wheels being respectively mounted upon shafts carried in bearings in suitable
standards. Toothed wheels are respectively mounted upon the said shafts and gear
with wheels respectively carried upon two other shafts turning in bearings.
The proportion of the gear wheels is calculated so as to impart to the last
mentioned shafts one revolution during the time in which the driving shaft makes
45 revolutions. On one of the last mentioned shafts an arm is carried and on the other
shaft a similar arm each of these arms having its upper end bent and to the bent
portion a contact spring is secured, which spring has a sliding contact respectively
with the circumference of a second wooden wheel rigidly held in position by a
standard and of another third wooden wheel also rigidly held by a standard. On
the first shaft is also a cylinder or drum composed of 13 rings which in their
rotation bear against 13 corresponding springs, and on the said shaft is also mounted
an arm, the bent upper end of which carries contact springs, which, during the
rotation of the said arm have a sliding contact on the surface of a fourth wooden
wheel rigidly held in position by a standard. On the second shaft is mounted a
wooden wheel composed of 12 rings which in their rotation bear against 12 corre-
sponding springs. On the same shaft is also mounted an arm the upper bent end
of which carries contact springs, which during the rotation of the said arm have a
sliding contact with the surface of a fifth wooden wheel rigidly held in position by
a standard.
-
1 to
حمد
Upon the cylindrical surface of the first wheel or drum 50 contact blocks are
arranged a series of positive blocks +1 to + 25 being on one side of the wheel, and
a series of negative blocks
The positive and
25 on the other side.
negative blocks are not in line but are arranged alternately. Every positive block
is connected to the negative block of the corresponding number by a conducting
wire. A central rail and two double rails are arranged between the two series of
contact blocks on the circumferential surface of the wheel forming complete rings
or circles round the same. The first double rail is connected to the positive pole of
a battery and the second double rail to the negative pole of the same battery the
central rail being connected to earth.
Upon one part of the first double rail a series of 25 contact blocks + 1 p to + 25 p
are arranged the said blocks being placed on the same radius of the wheel as the
contact blocks
-
I to
-
25.
Upon one part of the second double rail a corresponding series of 25 contact
blocks 1 to - 25 u are arranged, being placed on the sanie radius of the wheel as
-
the untant blake 1 1 to K

page_text: The bent portion of the arm on the driving shaft carries three elastic springs
insulated from the arm by an india-rubber piece. When the shaft is made to
revolve, the first spring with one of its two fingers slides along the contact blocks
+1 to +25 and with the other finger makes contact with part of the first double
rail. The second spring having three fingers, slides with one finger along the other
part of the first double rail, with the central finger along the central rail and with
the third finger along a part of the second double rail, the rails being brought into
contact with the said fingers only where the contact blocks project from the rails.
1
The third double fingered spring is simultaneously making contact with the other
portion of the second double rail and with a series of negative contact blocks
to 25. The contacts made by the three springs while sliding over the contact
field of the wheel give rise to impulsions of currents in alternate directions.
The second wooden wheel or drum already mentioned is rigidly held in position
by a standard and on its cylindrical surface the said wheel carries a series of 42
contact blocks numbered from I to XLII, while the other third wheel or drum also
rigidly held in position by a standard carries on its cylindrical surface a series of
40 contact block's numbered I to XL. The arms belonging to the said second and
third wheels are insulated upon their supporting shafts by a rubber sleeve between.
To the sleeve of the first arm a sliding contact spring is provided to bear against
the said sleeve and a similar spring is provided to bear against the sleeve of the
other arm.
The upper bent portion of the first arm carries another sliding contact
spring and a similar spring is carried by the upper portion of the second arm.
From each of the contact blocks arranged upon the second and third wheels a
conducting wire passes to one of the sets of cylinders, with the exception of the
contact blocks of the second wheel, the latter two contacts being reserved for
another purpose as hereinafter described.
Forty sets of contact cylinders, are provided with 13 cylinders each, and forty
with 12 cylinders each.
To all the sets of 13 cylinders the wires are successively led from the contact
blocks of the second wheel for instance to set 13 I the wire from contact 1 of the
wheel, to set 13 II the wire from contact 11 of the wheel and so on until set 13 XL
receives the wire from contact block XL of the wheel.
To all the sets of 12 cylinders the wires are successively led from the contact
blocks of the third wheel, for instance to set 12 I the wire leads from contact block 1
of the wheel, to set 12 II the wire leads from contact block 11 of the wheel, and
so on until set 12 XL receives the wire from contact block XL of the wheel.
The angular supports of all the sets of cylinders are insulated from each other;
each one has a separate wire of its own to connect the same with one of the contact
blocks on the fourth and fifth wheels. The fourth and fifth wheels or drums are hollow
and rigidly held in position at their centres by annular standards. Upon the cylindrical
surface of the fourth wheel 40 series of 13 contact blocks are arranged in parallel
rows. The third wheel or drum carries on its cylindrical surface a similar arrange-
ment of 40 series of 12 contact blocks each arranged in parallel rows.
The wire
connection between each separate contact block and the corresponding angular
support is as follows
First from the fourth wheel
From contact-block 1 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 1 of
set 13 1.
From contact-block 2 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 2 of
set 13 I.
set 13 I.
From contact-block 3 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 3 of
and so on, 'till
From contact-block 13 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 13'
of set 13 1.
From contact-block 1 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 1
of set 13 II.

page_text: From contact-block 2 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 2
of set 13 II.
From contact-block 3 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 3
of set 13 II.
and so on, 'till
From contact-block 13 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 13
of set 13 II.
Finally:
From contact-block 1 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 1
of set 13 XL.
From contact-block 2 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 2
of set 13 XL.
From contact-block 3 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 3
of set 13 XL.
and so on 'till
From contact-block 13 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 13
of set 13 XL.
Second, from the fifth wheel
From contact-block 14 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 14
of set 12 I.
From contact-block 15 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 15
of set 12 I.
From contact-block 16 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 16
and so on 'till
of set 12 I.
From contact-block 25 of the first series a wire passes to the angular support 25
of set 12 I.
From contact-block 14 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 14
of set 12 II.
From contact-block 15 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 15
of set 12 II.
From contact-block 16 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 16
of set 12 II.
and so on 'till
From contact-block 25 of the second series a wire passes to the angular support 25
of set 12 II.
Finally
From contact-block 14 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 14
of set 12 XL.
From contact-block 15 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 15
of set 12 XL.
From contact-block 16 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 16
of set 12 XL.
and so on 'till
From contact-block 25 of the fortieth series a wire passes to the angular support 25
of set 12 XL.
The fourth wheel or drum is in connection with a wheel or drum on the same
shaft. The latter wheel is secured to the common (fourth) shaft by metal collars
and carries on its cylindrical surface 13 metallic rings insulated from each other, a
similar wheel carrying 12 rings is carried upon the fifth shaft which carries the fifth
wheel or drum. Below the thirteen rings are arranged springs and below the
twelve rings there are corresponding springs in contact with their respective rings.
From each ring a wire leads to the inside of the hollow wheel, all these wires lead
espectively to thirteen contact springs and to twelve contact springs respectively,
carried by an interposed insulating piece arranged to slide respectively over the
contact field of the fourth and fifth wheels.
It has been mentioned before that the number of revolutions of the driving shaft

page_text: is so timed in proportion to the fourth and fifth shafts carrying the arms, that the
latter complete oue revolution whilst the driving shaft completes 45 revolutions.
The arm of the second wheel is so adjusted, that its spring will slide from one con-
tact block and make contact with the next at the time when the three springs of
the first arm are resting upon the contact block + 21 of the first wheel.
The spring of the same second arm continues to slide in contact with the block of
the second wheel against which it actually rests until the fingers of the three springs
have arrived from contact point + 21 to that + 18 on the first wheel. Then follows
a short pause, after which the spring of the second arm forthwith makes a sliding
contact with the next contact block of the series on the second wheel. The same
movement continues up to the contact block XL of the said second wheel. The
third arm with its spring is so adjusted relatively to the contact blocks of the third
wheel that the contact of the spring with every successive block of the series from
I to XL begins at the moment when the fingers of the three springs are resting
upon the first wheel where the block - 8 is in line with them. The third arm
slides off the block of the third wheel against which it rests, when the three springs
make contact with the block 5 of the first wheel. In a manner analogous to the
operation of the second arm over the surface of the second wheel the fourth arm is
carried over the 40 contact blocks on the fourth wheel and in a manner analogous to
the operation of the third arm on the third wheel the fifth arm is carried over the
surface of the fifth wheel making contact with the 40 blocks of the same.
In carrying the invention into practice the second and third wheels instead of
being constructed as separate or independent parts of the apparatus may be omitted,
in this case the contact blocks I to XLII of the second wheel would be added as a
fourteenth row of blocks to the thirteen rows contained on the cylindrical surface of
the fourth wheel and the contact blocks I to XL described as being carried by the
third wheel would be added as a thirteenth row of blocks to the 12 rows already
contained on the surface of the fifth drum or wheel. Corresponding with such an
additional row of contact blocks both on the fourth and fifth wheels, a 14th ring
and a 14th bearing spring would have to be added to the second wheel or drum on
the same shaft and also a thirteenth ring and a thirteenth bearing spring to the
third such wheel. Likewise, the fourth arm would receive a 14th spring and the
fifth arm a thirteenth spring. Each of these latter springs would be connected to
its corresponding ring like the rest, while the two springs would be connected to
earth. As above described alternate currents are generated from the contact field
of the first wheel and battery. The first impulsion of alternate current proceeds
from block +1 to the second spring through the second ring to the first spring of
the fourth arm thence through the contact block to the angular support below the
set of cylinders.
Now as all the cylinders of the set are connected in circuit with that contact
block of the second wheel which at a given moment is connected to line and the
spring of the second arm making contact with the said block it will be understood
that as long as the sliding contact of the second arm with the said contact block
continues, together with the simultaneous contact made by the springs 1 to 13 of
the fourth arm with the row of 13 contact blocks all those impulsions of current
which arise from the blocks +1 to + 13 of the first wheel may be utilised, the
corresponding angular support of which within the set 13 I will be brought into
contact with its cylinder arranged to swing above the said angle. To telegraph
the letter X, for example, the following cylinders would have to be swung down
into contact with their corresponding angular supports (1 2 3 5 7 9 10 11). The
result would be the character:
which by means of the attraction of the
armature in the receiver, would be contracted into
When by the continued rotation of the driving shaft and first arm the three
springs are brought into contact with the block + 14, the current, from this
moment, will pass over the spring 14, the ring 14, the spring 14 of the fifth arm
through the contact block 1 of the first series of the fifth wheel and to the angular
support 14 below the set of cylinders 121.
...
--

page_text: If the cylinder 14 of the said support 14 is in contact with the same, the current
will pass to the contact block 1 of the third wheel through the third arm and spring
to the line. Accordingly all impulsions from the blocks + 14 to + 25 may be
utilised by swinging down the cylinders of set 12 I into contact with their respective
angular supports.
During the continued rotation of the driving shaft as before described the fourth
shaft has been carried along so far, that the second arm passes over from block 1 to
contact block 11 of the second wheel, the same forward movement is imparted to
the fourth arm on the fourth wheel which simultaneously slides over to the second
series of contact blocks. From this moment all impulsions arising from the con-
tacts +1 to +13 may pass through the springs 1 to 13, the rings 1 to 13 the
springs 1 to 13 of the fourth arm and through the contact blocks 1 to 13 of the
second series and the said impulsions may be utilised by swinging down into contact
with their respective angular supports, the cylinders of the set 13 II.
The same movement continues exactly in the manner described, until the contact
block XL of the second wheel enters into connection with the fortieth series of the
fourth wheel and with the corresponding set of cylinders. During the continued
rotation of the driving shaft the third arm on the third wheel has proceeded to the con-
tact block 11 of the said wheel, and simultaneously the fifth arm of the fifth wheel has
proceeded to the second series (from 14 to 25), in such a manner, that by swinging down
the cylinders of set 12 II into contact with their angular supports the impulsions
arising from the contact blocks + 14 to + 25 may be utilised. Finally the contact
blocks XL of the third wheel are working in connection with the fortieth series of
the fifth wheel and the corresponding set of cylinders.
Then follows a pause of 5 contact blocks for the third wheel while by the second
wheel a bell is made to sound, the said bell being actuated by closing the local
circuit of a separate battery the said circuit being closed through block XLI and the
second arm to indicate the termination of the revolutions.
Above the contact XLII of the second wheel a relay is arranged in connection
with the receiving station.
A telegram may be forwarded by the use of the improved apparatus by suc-
cessively swinging down the cylinders of the sets 13 I, 12 I, 13 II, 12 II, 13 III,
12 111, 13 IV, 12 IV, and so on until 13 XL 12 XL, each cylinder swung down
into contact with its angular support will produce a point of the Morse alphabet
three consecutive points will produce a dash.
The pause between every two primary elements of a character are produced by
omitting one cylinder, the pause between two characters by omitting three cylinders,
and the pause between two words by omitting six consecutive cylinders.
Dated this 25th day of August 1890.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Automatic Telegraphs.
A communication to me from EDUARD CASSALETTE and DAVID KUNHARDT,
both of Aachen, in the Empire of Germany.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying drawings that is to say :-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for automatically sending telegrams
to a receiving station or apparatus.
In the accompanying 5 sheets of drawings:
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a side elevation and plan of the improved
automatic telegraph of the invention,

page_text: SREC
drum H,
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a front and side elevation of the wheel or
drum H¹,
Figures 7 and 8 are respectively a front and side elevation of the wheel or
drum H²,
Figures 9, 10, and 11 are respectively a side and front elevation of a set of
contact cylinders,
Figure 12 is an end view of a set of cylinders with the cylinders in their lowest
position to make contact,
Figure 13 is a front elevation of the wheel H³ in connection with the wheel or
drum T¹,
Figure 14 is a side elevation of the wheel or drum T',
Figure 15 is a side elevation of the wheel or drum H³,
Figure 16 shews the wheel H evolved upon a plane surface,
Figures 17, 18, and 19 represent the set of contact springs belonging to the said
wheel H,
Figure 20 shews the wheel H' evolved upon a plane surface,
Figure 21 shews the wheel H2 evolved upon a plane surface,
Figure 22 represents the contact spring belonging thereto,
Figure 23 shews the wheel H³ evolved upon a plane surface connected with the
first and last set of contact cylinders,
Figure 24 represents the contact spring belonging thereto,
Figure 25 shews the wheel H evolved upon a plane surface connected with the
first and last set of contact cylinders,
Figure 26 represents the contact spring belonging thereto,
Figure 27 is a general plan or diagram of the whole apparatus.
A shaft A, Figures 1 and 2, is supported in bearings provided in standards B¹ B
and capable of being turned by a handle K. Upon the said shaft A an arm Z is
mounted the bent upper end of which carries contact springs which during the
rotation of the said shaft A and arm Z slide over the surface of a cylindrical wheel
or drum H of wood or other suitable material rigidly held in position by a
standard V. On the outer end of the shaft A a toothed wheel 30 is mounted,
gearing at the right and at the left hand sides with toothed wheels 150° and 150%,
the said wheels being respectively mounted upon shafts A1 and A2 carried in
bearings in suitable standards or frame sides M¹ M² and M³ M. The toothed
wheels 20 and 20' are respectively mounted upon the said shafts A' and A2 and gear
with the wheels 180 and 180" respectively carried by two other shafts A³ and A',
turning in bearings.
The proportion of the gear wheels is calculated in a manner to impart to the last
mentioned shafts A3 and A', provided in bearings of the standards B³ B*, one
revolution during the time in which the driving shaft A makes 45 revolutions. On
the shaft A³ an arm Z¹ is carried and on the shaft A4 a similar arm Z2, each of
these arms having its upper end bent and to the bent portion a contact spring
secured, which spring has a sliding contact respectively with the circumference of the
wooden wheel H', rigidly held in position by a standard V₁ and of a third wooden
wheel H2 also rigidly held by a standard V2. On the first shaft A³ is also a cylinder or
drum T'composed of 13 rings R' to Rs which in their rotation bear against 13 corre-
sponding springs F1 to F13, and on the said shaft A³ is also mounted an arm Z³, the bent
upper end of which carries contact springs, which, during the rotation of the said arm Z³
have a sliding contact on the surface of a fourth wooden wheel H³ rigidly held in
position by a standard V3. On the second shaft A' is mounted a wooden wheel T
composed of 12 rings R¹ to R2, which, in their rotation bear against 12 corre-
sponding springs F to F. On the same shaft A is also mounted an arm Z*, the
upper bent end of which carries contact springs which during the rotation of the
said arm have a sliding contact with the surface of a fifth wooden wheel H*
rigidly held in position by a standard V*.

page_text: -
Upon the cylindrical surface of the wheel or drum H as shewn in Figures 3 and 4,
50 contact blocks are arranged, the series of positive blocks +1 to + 25 being on one
side of the wheel, and a series of negative blocks 1 to 25 on the other side. The
positive and negative blocks are not in line but are arranged alternately, as clearly
shewn in Figures 4, 16 and 27. Every positive block is connected to the negative
block of the corresponding number by a conducting wire.
As shewn in Figure 4 a central rail E and two double rails Pp and Nn are
arranged between the two series of contact blocks on the circumferential surface of
the wheel forming complete rings or circles round the same. The first double
rail Pp is connected to the positive pole of the battery O', and the second double
rail N to the negative pole of the same battery the c.ntral rail E being connected
to earth E¹.
Upon the rail p of the double rail Pp a series of 25 contact blocks + 1 p to + 25 p
are arranged, the said blocks being placed on the same radius of the wheel as
the contact blocks 1 to - 25. Upon one part n of the double rail Na a corre-
-
-
1
sponding series of 25 contact blocks 1 n to 25 n are arranged, being placed on
the same radius of the wheel as the contact blocks +1 to + 25.
The bent portion of the arm Z on the driving shaft A carries three elastic
springs J, J, J³, insulated from the arm by an india rubber piece. When the
shaft A is made to revolve the first spring J1 with one of its two fingers slides along
the contact blocks +1 to +25 and with the other finger makes contact with the
part P of the first double rail Pp. The second spring J2 having three fingers slides
with one finger along the rail p with the central finger along the central rail E and
with the third finger along the rail n, the rails and n being brought into contact with
the said fingers only where the contact blocks project from the said rails.
"
The third double fingered spring J3 is simultaneously making contact with the
other portion N of the second double rail N n and with a series of negative contact
blocks +1 to +25 as clearly shewn in Figures 3 and 4 and also in Figure 16, where
the surface of the wheel H is evolved upon a plane.
The contacts made by the three springs J J while sliding over the contact
field of the wheel H give rise to impulsions of currents in alternate directions, the
direction of the first impulsion being positive pole, P, J', + 1, to line L (indepen-
dently of the latter being connected to the positive or negative series of contact blocks),
then returning through ground E', rail E, spring J2, -1, N to the negative pole.
The second direction will be positive pole P, +1p, J², E, ground E' and back
through line L, 1, J³, N, negative pole.
-
-
After this an impulsion will follow of the first direction going to P, J', + 2, line,
ground E, rail E, J2, + 2n, N, negative pole, and in succession a current of the
second direction will pass by + 2p, J, E, E, I, 2, J3, N, negative pole, and so on.
The second wooden wheel or drum H', Figures 5 and 6, is rigidly held in
position by a standard V and on its cylindrical surface the said wheel carries a
series of 42 contact blocks numbered from I to XLII, while the other third wheel
or drum H2 also rigidly held in position by a standard H2, Figures 7 and 8, carries
on its cylindrical surface a series of 40 contact blocks numbered I to XL. The
armis Zand Z belonging to the said wheels H' and H2 are insulated upon their
supporting shafts A3 and A' by a rubber hub or sleeve between. To the sleeve of
the first arm a sliding contact spring Q' is provided to bear against the said
sleeve, and a similar spring Q2 is provided to bear against the sleeve of the other
arm 72. The upper bent portion of the first arm Z carries another sliding contact
spring J and a similar spring 75 is carried by the upper portion of the second arm 72.
Figures 20 and 21 represent respectively, the wheels or drums H and H2 evolved
upon a plane surface, and Figure 22 is the contact spring J or J' sliding
over the contact blocks of the respective wheels. From each of the contact blocks
arranged upon the second and third wheels H' and H2 a conducting wire passes to
one of the sets of cylinders, with the exception of the contact blocks XLI
and XLII of the second wheel H', the latter two contacts being reserved for
another purpose as hereinafter described. Forty sets of contact cylinders as

page_text: shewn in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, are provided with 13 cylinders each, and
forty with 12 cylinders each.
To all the sets of 13 cylinders the wires are successively led from the
contact blocks of the second wheel H'; for instance to set 131 the wire from
contact of the wheel H', to set 13 II the wire from contact 11 of the wheel H
and so on until set 13 XL receives the wire from contact block XL of the
wheel H¹.
To all the sets of 12 cylinders, the wires are successively led from the contact
blocks of the third wheel H2; for instance to set 12 I the wire leads from contact
block 1 of the wheel H2, to set 12 II the wire leads from contact block 11 of the
wheel H2 and so on until set 12 XL receives the wire from contact block XL o
the wheel H2. The angular supports W of all the sets of cylinders are insulated
from each other, each angle W has a separate wire of its own to connect the same
with one of the contact blocks on the wheels H3 and H4 as shewn in Figures 14
and 15.
The wheels or drums H3 H4 are hollow and rigidly held in position at their
centre portions by annular standards Vs and V₁ respectively. Upon the cylindrica
surface of the wheel H³ 40 series SI to S XL of 13 contact blocks are arranged in
parallel rows, as shewn in Figure 13. The field of contact of this wheel is repre
sented as evolved upon a plane surface in Figure 23, in connection with the first
and last set of cylinders.
The wheel or drum H2 carries on its cylindrical surface a similar arrangement
of 40 series SI to S XL of 12 contact blocks each, arranged in parallel rows the
field of contact of this wheel is represented in Figure 25 as evolved upon a plane
surface and in connection with the first and last set of cylinders belonging thereto
The wire connection between each separate contact block and the corresponding
angular support or angle W is as follows:-
First, from the wheel H³.
From contact-block 1 of series SI a wire passes to angle W₁ of set 13 I.
From contact-block 2 of series SI a wire passes to angle W2 of set 13 I.
From contact-block 3 of series SI a wire passes to angle W3 of set 13 I.
and so on, till
From contact-block 13 of series S I a wire passes to angle W13 of set 13 I.
From contact-block 1 of series S II a wire passes to angle W₁ of set 13 II.
From contact-block 2 of series S II a wire passes to angle W2 of set 13 II.
From contact-block 3 of series S II a wire passes to angle W³ of set 13 II.
and so on, till
From contact-block 13 of series S II a wire passes to angle W13 of set 13 II.
Finally :
From contact-block 1 of series S XL a wire passes to angle W₁ of set 13 XL.
From contact-block 2 of series S XL a wire passes to angle W2 of set 13 XL.
From contact-block 3 of series S XL a wire passes to angle W³ of set 13 XL.
and so on, till
From contact-block 13 of series S XL a wire passes to angle W¹³ of set 13 XL.
Second, from the wheel H4,
From contact-block 14 of series SI a wire passes to angle W¼ of set 12 I.
From contact-block 15 of series SI a wire passes to angle W15 of set 12 I.
From contact-block 16 of series SI a wire passes to angle W16 of set 12 I.
and so on, till
From contact-block 25 of series SI a wire passes to angle W2 of set 12 I.
From contact-block 14 of series S II a wire passes to angle W¼ of set 12 II.
From contact-block 15 of series S II a wire passes to angle W of set 12 II.
From contact-block 16 of series S II a wire passes to angle W1 of set 12 II.
and so on, till
From contact-block 25 of series S II a wire passes to angle W2 of set 12 II.

page_text: Finally:
From contact-block 14 of series S XL a wire passes to angle W¼ of set 12 XL.
From contact-block 15 of series S XL a wire passes to angle. W of set 12 XL.
From contact-block 16 of series S XL a wire passes to angle W16 of set 12-XL.
and so
on,
till
From contact-block 25 of series S XL a wire passes to angle, W25 of set 12 XL.
In Figure 13 the wheel or drum H³ (same as H) is shewn in connection with a
wheel or drum T¹ (same as T2) mounted on the same shaft. The latter, wheel T
is secured to the common shaft A3 by metal collars m and carries on its cylindrical
surface 13 metallic rings numbered R₁ to R¹³ and insulated from each other, a
similar wheel T2 carrying 12 rings numbered R to R25 as shewn in Figures 1
and 2.
Below the 13 rings R¹ to R¹³ are arranged springs F¹ to F13 and below the
12 rings R14 to R25 there are corresponding springs F14 to F25 in contact with their
respective rings, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2. From each ring R a wire leads to
the inside of the hollow wheel, all these wires lead, respectively to the contact
springs 1 to 13 and 14 to 25 respectively, carried by an interposed insulating piece
of the arms Z³ and Z arranged to slide respectively over the contact field of the
fourth and fifth wheels H3 and H4.
It has been mentioned before that the number of revolutions of the shaft A is so
timed in proportion to the shafts A3 and A+ carrying the arms Z' and Z³ that the
latter complete one revolution whilst the shaft A. completes 45 turns.
The arm Z¹
of the wheel H' is so adjusted, that its spring will slide from one contact block of
said block and make contact with the next at the time when the springs J₁, J2, J³,
of arm Z (Figure 3) are resting on the contact block + 21 of wheel H.
The spring of arm continues to slide in contact with the block of wheel H¹
against which it actually rests as springs J, J2, J³ of the arm Z require in
travelling the path 8 indicated in Figure 3, that is to say till the fingers of the
said springs have arrived from contact point + 21 to +18 on the wheel H. Then
follows a short pause, after which the spring of arm Z¹ forthwith makes a sliding
contact with the next contact block of the series on the second wheel H¹.
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The same movement continues up to the contact block XL of the said wheel H¹.
The arm 72 with its spring is so adjusted relatively to the contact blocks of the
wheel H2 that the contact of the spring with every successive block of the series
from I to XL begins at the moment when the fingers of the three springs J¹, J2, J³,
8 is in line with them. The
are resting upon the first wheel H where the block
arm Z2 slides off the block of the wheel H2 against which it rests, when the
5 of the wheel H. The arm Z²
springs J, J, J³, make contact with the block
accordingly continues in contact with each block of wheel H2 as long as the
springs J, J, J3 of the arm Z are occupied in travelling the path S indicated in
Figure 3..
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In
In a manner analogous to the operation of arm Z1 over the surface of the
wheel H¹ the arm Z3 is carried over the 40 contact blocks H3 and in a manner
analogous to the operation of arm Z2 on the wheel H2 the arm Z is carried over
the surface of wheel H4 making contact with the 40 blocks of the same.
carrying the invention into practice the second and third wheels H' and H2,
instead of being constructed as separate or independent parts of the apparatus may
as well be omitted; in this case the contact blocks I to XLII of wheel H' would
be added as a 14th row of blocks to the 13 rows contained on the cylindrical
surface of the wheel H³ and the contact blocks I to XL described as being carried
by the wheel H2 would be added as a 13th row of blocks to the 12 rows already
contained on the surface of the drum or wheel H. Corresponding with such an
additional row of contact blocks both on the wheels H3 and H4, a 14th ring R and
a 14th bearing spring F (to replace the spring Q¹) would have to be added to the
wheel or drum T and also a 13th ring R and a 13th bearing spring F (to replace
the spring Q) to the wheel T2. Likewise the arm Z³ would receive a 14th spring
replacing J and the arm Z a 13th spring to replace the spring J. Each of these
B

page_text: latter springs would be connected to its corresponding ring R like the rest, while
the two springs replacing the springs Q1 and Q² would be connected to earth.
As above described alternate currents are generated from the contact field of
the wheel H and battery O', as shewn in Figure 27. The first impulsion of
alternate current proceeds from block +1 to spring F1 through the ring Hi to spring I
of the arm Z3 thence through the contact block 1 of series SI to the angular support W
below the set of cylinders 13 I.
Now as all the cylinders of the set 13 I are connected in circuit with that
contact block 1 of wheel H¹ which at a given moment is connected to line Land
spring Q of the arm Z' making contact with the said block 1, it will be under-
stood that as long as the sliding contact of arm Z¹ with the said contact block 1
continues, together with the simultaneous contact made by the springs 1 to 13 of
the arm Z3 with the row of 13 contact blocks of series S1, all those impulsions of
current which arise from the blocks +1 to + 13 of the wheel H may be utilised, the
corresponding angle W of which within the set 13 I, will be brought into contact
with its cylinder C arranged to swing above the said angle.
To telegraph the letter X for example, the following cylinders C1 C2 C³ C³¸C² C³
C10 C would have to be swung down into contact with their respective angles or
supports W1 W2 W3 W W W W10 W". The result would be the
character
which by means of the attraction of the armature in the
receiver would be contracted into
When by the continued rotation of the shaft A and arm Z the springs J1 J2 J3
are brought into contact with the block 14, the current from this moment, will pass
over the spring F14, the ring R14 of the spring 14 of the arm 74 through the contact
block 1 of the series SI of the wheel H* and to the angle W¼ below the set of
cylinders 12 I. If the cylinder C14 of said angle W14 is in contact with the same,
the current will pass to the contact block 1 of the wheel H2 through the arm Z²
and spring Q to the line. Accordingly all impulsions from the blocks + 14 to +25
may be utilised by swinging down the cylinders of set 12 I into contact with their
respective angle supports W.
During the continued rotation of the driving shaft A as before described the
shaft A has been carried along so far that the second arm Z' passes over from
block 1 to contact block 11 of the wheel H', the same forward movement is imparted
to the arm on wheel H³, which simultaneously slides over to the second series S II
of contact blocks. From this moment all impulsions arising from the contacts + 1
to + 13 may pass through the springs F' to F 15, the rings R' to R13, the springs 1 to 13
of the arm Z3 and through the contact blocks 1 to 13 of series S II, and the
said impulsions may be utilised by swinging down into contact with their respective
angular supports W, the cylinders C of the set 13 II.
13
The same movement continues exactly in the manner described until the contact
block XL of the second wheel H' enters into connection with series S XL of
wheel H³ and with the set of cylinders 13 XL. During the continued rotation of
the driving shaft A the arm Z2 on wheel H2 has equally proceeded to the contact
block 11 of the said wheel and simultaneously the arm Z of wheel H* has proceeded
to series SII (from 14 to 25), in such a manner that by swinging down the cylinders
of set 12 II into contact with their angles W the impulsions arising from the contact
blocks 14 to + 25 may be utilised.
Finally the contact blocks XL of wheel H2 are working in connection with
series S XL of the wheel H and the set of cylinders 12 XL.
Then follows a pause of 5 contact blocks for the wheel H2, while by the wheel H¹
a bell U is made to sound, the said bell being actuated by closing the local circuit
of a separate battery 02, the said circuit being closed through block XLI and the
arm Z to indicate the termination of the revolutions.
Above the contact XLII of wheel H' a relay G is arranged in connection with
the receiving station Figure 27. If stoppering be applied between the connecting
parts a, B, continuous currents are produced, but if stoppering be appied at a, y,
alternating currents will arise.

page_text: A telegram may be forwarded by the use of the improved apparatus by succes-
sively swinging down the cylinders according to the rule, of the sets 13 1, 12 I,
13 II, 12 II, 13 III, 12 III, 13 IV, 12 IV and so on until 13 XL 12 XL, each
cylinder swung down into contact with its angular support W will produce a point
of the Morse alphabet, three consecutive points will produce a dash.
The pause between every two primary elements of a character are produced by
omitting one cylinder, the pause between two characters by omitting three cylinders,
and the pause between two words by omitting six consecutive cylinders.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
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An improved automatic telegraph apparatus, comprising a contact-field_com-
posed of two series of contact blocks +1 to + 25 and 1 to - 25, the rails Pp, E
and Nn, all arranged on the cylindrical surface of a wheel or drum H, over which passes
an arm Z with sliding contact springs J, J, J³, to produce alternating currents
generated by the connection with a battery O¹, which currents are guided through
bearing springs F, rings R, contact springs 1 to 13 and 14 to 25 respectively
carried by arms Z3 and 74 to the series S of contact blocks on the wheels H³ and H*,
thence to the angular supports W connected to the line, whereby the said currents
may be utilised by making contact between said angular supports W and a metallic
cylinder C belonging to each of them, the said cylinders being divided into
sets permanently connected to the contact pieces on the wheels H and H³, and
temporarily connected to line by the sliding contacts of the arms Z' and Z2 and the
springs Q and Q2, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and shewn.
Dated thi
1. 1000
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.