Improvements in Shirt and other Studs, Solitaires, and Buttons.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar. 1895-Accepted, 6th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Shirt and other Studs, Solitaires, and Buttons.
I GEORGE WILLIAM BUDD of 127 Long Acre London W.C. Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In order to avoid the constant loss of studs and solitaires from shirts, and buttons
from other garments I construct my improved studs or solitaires or buttons,
hereafter called studs, of one suitable material throughout, such as mother of pearl
bone, ivory, metal precious or otherwise or vulcanite, or sometimes of two or more
of them combined. Instead of consisting only of a head and back connected by a
stem in the usual manner, I make the stem of the stud hollow, and insert in it a
stem with a back (hereafter called a false stem and back) attached to it solidly or
hinged or I can make the stem independent of the back, provision being made by
means of suitable recesses or ridges, in the false stem and back of the stud, for the
control and support of a spiral or other suitable spring, placed inside the stem of
the stud; or inside the false back, and surrounding the. false stem, so as to cause
the false back to constantly press against the back of the stud.
Usually my stud is constructed so that no part is detachable but sometimes it
may be convenient to arrange the false back so that it may be detached for insertion,
being afterwards held in place by a spring or catch. I find it convenient for the
purpose of separating the back of the stud and the false back from each other, to
make the false back either of a different shape or of a slightly larger diameter
than the other. In order that the backs may be held apart whilst the stud is being
inserted in the garment I employ a suitable means, such as a bayonet joint, made
preferably in the stem of the stud, in which a pin passing through the false stem
engages, but any other suitable catch will serve, the only object being to hold the
parts temporarily apart. Sometimes it may be convenient to thread the false stem
as a screw and make the stem of the stud as a nut, so that the backs may be
separated and approached by means of the screw, though the addition of a spring
is convenient in preventing the parts of the studs becoming accidentally separated
or displaced.
Dated this 1st day of June 1894.
Improvements in Shirt and other Studs, Solitaires, and Buttons.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM BUDD of 127 Long Acre London W.C. Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In order to avoid the constant loss of studs and solitaires from shirts, and buttons
from other garments I construct my improved studs or solitaires or buttons,
hereafter called studs, that instead of consisting only of a head and back connected
by, a stem in the usual manner, the stem of the stud is made tubular or hollow, and
[Price 8d.1

page_text: has inserted in it an additional stem with a back, hereafter called a false stem and
back the false stem and hack being connected together rigidly or by a hinge or
other suitable manner. The object of the false back is that one part or thickness
of the garment or article to be buttoned shall be firmly gripped between the false
back and the true back of my stud, thus preventing the loss of the stud, as
often occurs when studs of ordinary construction are used. By means of suitable
recesses or ridges in the false stem and back of the stud for the control and support
of a spira! or other suitable spring, placed inside the stem of the stud, or inside the
false back and surrounding the false stem, the false back is caused to constantly
press against the true back of the stud. Usually the stud is constructed so that
no part is detachable but at times it is convenient to arrange the false back and
stem so that they may be removed-and-separated for insertion in the shirt or other
garment. I find it convenient at times for the purpose of separating the back and
false back from each other, when they are not detachable, whilst inserting them, to
make the false back either of a different shape or of a slightly larger diameter
than the true back, or if it is desirable to hold the backs apart for the same
purpose, I employ a suitable means such as a bayonet joint, made preferably in the
stem of the stud, in which a pin passing through the false stem engages, but any
other convenient catch will serve, the only object being to hold the parts temporarily
apart. Sometimes for the same purpose it is convenient to thread the false stem or
part of it as a screw and to make a nut in the stem of the stud, so that the backs
may be separated and approached by means of the screw, though I usually even
then employ a spring to prevent the backs of the studs becoming accidentally
separated or displaced.
A reference to the drawings in which like letters represent like parts, will help
to explain the nature of my invention.
Figures 1 to 6 show the various arrangements of the parts of the studs in
elevation and section. In Figure 1 A B is the stud as usually constructed, but
with the stem tubular or hollow, b is the false back with the stem attached to it,
and c is a spiral spring surrounding the false stem, and supported between the
enlarged end of the stem e and a shoulder or ridge at the back of the stud f.
Figure 2 is a similar arrangement shown in elevation, but a pin d is inserted in the
head of the stem and when the back is drawn out, and partly turned, the pin
engages in the bayonet shaped slot, and holds the backs apart for convenience of
insertion. In each of these cases the plans Figures 7 and 8 show the false backs
of elliptical shape, also for convenience in insertion. Figure 3 shows in section,
the stud with the false stem partially threaded with a screw, with a shoulder for
the support of the spiral spring, and the plain part of the stem left to support the
spring and to carry the enlarged end e, thus preventing the screw being accidentally
moved. In Figures 4 and 5 the false backs and stems are detachable; in Figures 4
and 10 the stem is retained in its place by a compressible catch, of the sort known
as West's solitaire catch or any other suitable arrangement, provision being made
at the enlarged end e to allow sufficient play that the backs can be drawn apart
sufficiently to admit the thickness of the material to be held between them and in
Figure 5, the stem is held by means of two or more bent springs that may be
made out of the stem of the stud itself or they may be inserted in the stem, or they
may be attached to the false stem or back, their ends being curved, so that the
enlarged end of the stem may readily pass between them and be held in its place,
or the springs being suitably bent might catch on a shoulder or ridge, as shown
at Figure 1, in any case being readily detachable when desired. Figure 6 is
similar in arrangement to Figures 1 and 2 but the false back is hinged to the
false stem as has occasionally been done in connection with collar studs having no
false back so that the back may be readily inserted.
The stud when completed consists of 3 parts. The stud with a tubular or
hollow stem, the false back and stem, and the spring, so arranged that there may
or may not be any loose or separable parts. I make the studs of any suitable
material, such as gold or silver, aluminium, mother of pearl, bone, ivory or any

page_text: other material usually employed for shirt studs or solitaires, or of iron brass nickel
or any suitable material when the studs are to be employed for other purposes, such
as buttons for leather or heavier articles. The studs may be made of any one
material throughout or of any two or more in combination. When the stud is
inserted, one thickness of the shirt, garment or other article, is held firmly between
the back of the stud and the false back, and the other thickness is buttoned over in
the usual manner-this ensures a permanent hold and yet provides an easy means
of removing the studs solitaires or buttons when desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
The construction of a stud solitaire or button having an additional back and
stem inserted in the stem of the stud and kept in place by a spring or a screw or a
catch in the manner and for the purposes substantially as above described.
Dated this 1st day of March 1895,
GEORGE WILLIAM BUDD.