Year: 1896

page_text: Complete Cars
Date of Application, 13th July, 1896
02nd non
1000
CAL
FL
1007
Date of Application, 13th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Dec., 1906 Accepted, 6th Feb., 1807
We, FREDERICK HENRY HAVILAND, of St. Peter's Chambers, Solicitor,
ARTHUR HOLLOWAY, of "Hagley," Drummond Road, Science Master, JOHN
BRUCE COLLIER, of Delphi Chambers, Electrical Engineer, and WILLIAM HENRY
MURCH, of Upper Terrace Road, Engineer, all of Bournemouth in the County
of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The intense heat required for the purpose of fusing some of the more refractory
materials used in the arts is obtainable only by employing the electric arc. This
is done in many cases and notably in obtaining aluminium and in the manufacture
of calcium carbide from a mixture of carbon and oxide of calcium. The operation
is at present effected by placing the materials to be treated between and around
the poles which set up the arc, and passing the usual current through them.
This system has the disadvantage that (the materials being invariably imperfect
conductors) the greater portion of the heat and energy is expended in what may
be called the preliminary heating of the mass, that is up to a temperature which
is below that required to produce the chemical reaction required.
Now in this invention we surround the pot which contains the materials under
treatment with an ordinary furnace, or with flues communicating with the same; or
we may form a chamber surrounding the pot and force hot air or other gas or
gases into it.
By this means the preliminary heating can be effected by the consumption of
either solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel.
As soon as the required temperature for this preliminary heating is reached, the
current is switched on, and this almost instantaneously raises the temperature
sufficiently high to ensure the chemical re-action taking place.
Dated this Eleventh day of July 1896.
FREDERICK HENRY HAVILAND.
ARTHUR HOLLOWAY.
JOHN BRUCE COLLIER.
WILLIAM HENRY MURCH.
A New or Improved Electric Furnace.
FREDERICK HENRY HAVILAND of St. Peter's Chambers, Solicitor, ARTHUR
HOLLOWAY of "Hagley," Drummond Road, Boscombe, Science Master,
JOHN BRUCE COLLIER, of Delphi Chambers, Electrical Engineer, and WILLIAM
HENRY MURCH, of Upper Terrace Road, Engineer, all of Bournemouth, in the
County of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The intense heat required for the purpose of fusing some of the more refractory

page_text: materials used in the arts is obtainable only by employing the electric arc. This
is done in many cases, and notably in the reduction of aluminium from its oxides,
and in the manufacture of carbide of calcium from a mixture of carbon and oxide
of calcium. These operations are effected by placing the materials to be treated
between and around the poles which serve to set up the electric arc, and passing
a suitable current through them. This system has the disadvantage that owing
to the materials being invariably imperfect conductors, the greater portion of the
heat, and of the electrical energy is expended in what may be called the
preliminary heating of the mass; that is in heating it up to a temperature below
that which is necessary to produce the chemical action required.
Now in this invention we surround the pot which contains the material under
treatment with an ordinary furnace, or with flues communicating with the same;
or we may form a chamber surrounding the pot, and force hot air or other gas or
gases into it.
The calorific effect of the fuel is thus employed direct, and but a small 1
proportion has to be converted into electrical energy; thus effecting a great
economy. The electric current may be switched on, and the two heating methods
caused to operate concurrently; but it is preferable to first employ the outside
heating, and when a high temperature is reached, to set up the electric arc; this
gives the additional calorific effect almost instantaneously and the desired chemical
reaction is effected.
The furnace or pot employed may be of the description used by M. Henri Moissan
in his well known experiments or any other convenient and suitable form of
furnace may be used, such for instance as that in which a plumbago pot contains
the materials and itself is used as one of the electrodes, the other electrode being
formed by a rod of carbon. The outside heating may be produced either by the
consumption of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel burnt underneath or in close proximity
to the pot; or the heat may be produced at a distance and forced through flues to
the chamber surrounding the pot.
The furnace is shown in the drawing which is a vertical section of a simple
form A. indicates the pot, a the cover, B the furnace, C the carbon electrode
a a pipe which serves to carry off any gaseous products of the chemical reaction,
and a the pipe through which the materials may flow. Instead of a furnace,
B may consist of a flue or chamber into which heated air or gas is forced from
any convenient source of supply. Instead of using the pot as one electrode two,
similar to C. may be employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. A furnace in which the electric are is set up between two poles inside a vessel
or pot which contains the material to be treated, and the exterior of which vessel
or pot is heated either by a furnace or flues surrounding or in close proximity to
it, substantially as described.
2. A furnace in which the electric arc is set up between two poles inside a
vessel or pot which contains the materials to be treated, and the exterior of
which vessel or pot is heated by hot air or gases contained in a chamber which
surrounds or partially surrounds it, substantially as described.
3. Heating the exterior of an electric furnace by the combustion of solid, liquid
or gaseous fuel, substantially as described.
4. A furnace consisting substantially of a pot or vessel for containing the
material to be treated, poles for setting up the electric are inside the pot or
vessel, and a furnace or flues surrounding or partially surrounding the same
for the purpose of exteriorly heating the pot and its contents substantially as
described.
5. In an electric furnace the combination of a pot a furnace or flue surrounding
it, and two electrodes, substantially as described."

page_text: 6. In an electric furnace the combination of the pot A, having a cover a, the
furnace or flue B, and the electrode C. substantially as described.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1896.
FREDERICK HENRY HAVILAND.
ARTHUR HOLLOWAY.
JOHN BRUCE COLLIER.
WILLIAM HENRY MURCH.
FREDERICK HENRY HAVILAND.
ARTHUR HOLLOWAY.
JOHN BRUCE COLLIER.
WILLIAM HENRY MURCH.