CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlessex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of July, in the twelfth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my
exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein men-
tioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING," being a communication from a
Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing,
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
A

page_text: to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say):-
The first part of these improvements in machinery for letter-press printing
relates to various improvements on an Invention formerly patented in England
in the name of William Newton, and bearing date the Fourth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, and consists, first, in various modes of
giving to each set of inking rollers an equal quantity of ink, and in dispensing
(if required) with the use of the distributing surface on the large cylinder,
and also the stationary inking apparatus, and in employing in place thereof
what the Inventor calls a revolving ink fountain; second, in a novel arrange-
ment of apparatus whereby the sheet may be printed on both sides by the
same impression cylinder before it is delivered from the machine.
same.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 in Sheet I. represents a side elevation
of the machine, with some of the outer parts removed to prevent confusion,
and with some of the improvements added. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the
A, A, are the side frames; B is the main or type cylinder; C is the
form of type; D is the ink fountain; E is a metal distributor, which revolves
in contact with the fountain roller, but in a contrary direction, and is adjusted
by set screws operating on its bearings, and is driven from a pinion on the
driving shaft; a is a small vibrating service roller covered with composition or
cloth, and is always kept in contact and revolves with the metal distributor E;
b, b, is a similar roller, for the purpose of aiding the distribution of the ink;
F is the distributing surface; c, c, are compo-rollers; and e a sliding bar with
a friction roller on its inner end; f is another sliding bar for carrying the ser-
vice roller a. A cam wheel shewn detached at Figs. 3, and consisting of a
series of cams, is mounted on the main shaft of the type cylinder, and acts
against the friction rollers on the inner ends of the sliding bars e and f, which
are kept pressed against the cam wheel by means of the springs h, h, as shewn
in Fig. 1. The part of the cam wheel g against which the friction roller of
the sliding bar f works is of such shape as to press the service roller a
outwards, and allow the form of type to pass under without touching it; but

page_text: immediately after the form has passed the cam wheel allows the service
roller a to spring back against the distributing surface, until the service roller
makes, say, two revolutions; this puts ink on a part of the distributing surface
equal to twice the circumference of the roller a. It is then pressed out and
held until the form has again passed, when it springs back to the distributing
surface and furnishes another supply. The cam of the wheel g, that moves the
first pair of inking rollers, is of such form in a four-cylinder machine as to allow
the said inking rollers (after the form has passed) to draw in and take the ink
from last quarter part or thereabouts of the space of the distributing surface
inked the service roller a, which ink the rollers distribute over the remainder
of the distributing surface, after which the cam presses the inking rollers out
again to give this ink to the form as it passes under them. The cam wheel 9 then
allows the next pair of inking rollers to spring in, so as to take ink from about
the next quarter of the inked part of the distributing surface, which ink these
rollers also distribute on the remainder of the surface, and then are forced
outwards, and furnish ink to the form as before. The third set of rollers take
the ink from the third quarter of the inked part of the distributing surface,
and the fourth set act against the fourth and last quarter, and distribute and
ink the form in like manner; thus each set of inking rollers gets an equal
quantity of ink. Should the press have more or less impression cylinders, the
rollers would be moved by a cam so as to take a portion of ink in proportion
to the number of impression cylinders.
Another method of effecting the same object is as follows:-The bearings
of the service roller a are made stationary, as shewn in Fig. 4, and two narrow
segments of the distributing surface i, j, are made to slide in and out by means
of the levers k, to one end of which they are jointed. On the other ends of
these levers are the friction rollers 7, 7, which, as the type cylinder revolves,
strike against cams on the side frame; these cams are so shaped as to throw
the segments i, j, out sufficiently far to touch the service roller a, and receive
from it a supply of ink, and they are drawn back by the spiral springs o, o.
One of these segments i is thrown out as it passes the front set of inking
rollers, and imparts to them about half the ink from its surface. It is drawn
back as it passes the impression cylinder, is again thrown out to give the rest
of its ink to the next set of inking rollers, and is again drawn back, and there
remains until it arrives at the service roller u, when it is again thrown out, and
brought into contact with this roller, and thereby receives a fresh supply of
nk. The other segment is thrown out to the other two sets of inking
oilers in the same manner, and thus each set of inking rollers get the same
quantity of ink. The inking rollers may be made to move in to the dis-

page_text: tributing surface, and distribute the ink, and move out to ink the type. The
inking rollers may be made to vibrate laterally on the distributing surface,
but must not do so when passing over and inking the form of type; this is
cffected by cams or cams and levers. The distributing surface may be dis-
pensed with and the inking rollers may be placed against small distributors for
distributing the ink in the manner hereafter described, where there is in addi-
tion a revolving fountain G, which is placed on the periphery of the type
cylinder B, just behind the forms or form of type C, and on one end of the
fountain roller is fixed a ratchet b'. There is a support c¹ secured to one of
the rings of the type cylinder B, to which is jointed one end of the arm or
inclined plane d¹. Near the other end of this inclined plane is attached the
pall e, the pointed end of which lies against one of the teeth of the ratchet b'.
This inclined plane is moved as the cylinder revolves by its point striking and
passing by the studs f,f, which are fixed to one of the side frames, and
project inwardly sufficiently far for that purpose, and thus turns the fountain
roller a small distance, which brings the ink from the fountain on to the sur-
face of the roller. There is one of these studs placed between each set of
inking rollers g', g', and h', h', the fountain roller, is so placed as to touch the
inking rollers as it passes them, and thus gives to each set of inking rollers a
supply of ink. The quantity of ink is regulated as usual by the ductor, and
the fountain may be made as ordinary fountains, except that it is entirely
enclosed, and the ink is supplied to it from the reservoir H, through the
pipes into the centre of the main shaft, and from thence through the
branched pipes into the fountain. In the pipe there is a cock ', by
which the ink can be stopped at pleasure. The fountain may however be so
large as to contain a sufficient quantity of ink for ordinary use, and bave
a hole or opening made in it for the purpose of supplying it with ink when
desired, and, if it be found necessary, a pipe may be added to admit the air as
the ink is exhausted. This pipe will pass to the shaft and communicate with
a hole in the shaft by a pipe leading from it similar to the pipe above
described, but it will not require to be of so large a diameter. There is a
distributing roller which lies partly between the inking rollers 9', g, and
h', h', and touches them, and is driven from the large toothed wheel I through
the intermediate pinion m', which gears into a pinion n' on the axle of the
distributor. This distributor is made to vibrate laterally, and this object
may be effected in several ways. Two methods are as follows:-On one end
of the distributing roller shaft is the right and left handed screw o', in which
works the forked piece pl, as shewn in the detached view Fig. 5; or it may be
dune by means of the lever g' (Figures 1 and 2), one end of which works in

page_text: the grooved cam on the main shaft, and the other end in the grooved
collar s', fixed on one end of the distributing roller shaft. On the outer side
of this distributor is a composition roller (or it may be made of wood
covered with cloth), which is kept pressed against the distributor by the set
screws u¹. The composition rollers are adjusted to the type by the thumb
nuts v', and the rollers g', g¹, are moved sideways by the thumb screws y¹, y¹.
The composition'rollers h', h¹, are held sideways by thumb screws at a¹. By this
plan the distributing surface is dispensed with, and the composition rollers do not
move in and out, and the fountain roller projects a little farther out than the
surface of the type, so as to touch the composition rollers, and is so placed
on the main cylinder that when it passes the impression cylinders it meets and
enters the groove or cavity made in the cylinder for the fingers which hold the
sheet of paper to be printed. The fountain, as shewn in Fig. 6, is intended to
be used with cylinders fed by tapes, in which there is no opening or groove
for fingers. The fountain, and manner of working it, the pipes, and other parts
are the same as above described, except that the fountain does not project out
to the type, and on the fountain roller lics a lifting roller a", which is made to
rise, touch, and give ink to each set of inking rollers as it passes them, and
draws in to receive a fresh supply of ink from the fountain roller as it passes
each of the impression cylinders.
Another part of these improvements consists in putting two forms of type
on the main cylinder, and returning the sheet, after one side has been printed,
to the same impression cylinder for the purpose of printing its opposite side
by the other form of types, and thereby perfecting the impression. The sheet
of paper is fed as usual from the feeding table L to the impression cylinder K,
around which it passes, and receives an impression from the first form of type,
and is held by tapes, and passes out over the tape roller d" on to the tapes
shewn by red lines. When the latter end of the sheet arrives from between
the rollers c and d the roller e" is raised, and thus lifts that end of the
sheet up to the roller". The roller is raised by the arm f" and lever g¹¹.
To the lever g" is jointed one end of the connecting rod h", the other end
works in a cam on the inside of the wheel 6". As the roller e¹¹ is driven by
a belt or gearing in a contrary direction to the roller c" the end of the sheet
of paper is arrested and its direction changed, and it passes up over the top
of the roller c on the tapes " to the impression cylinder, around which it
again passes and receives the impression on its opposite side, which is now
presented to the other form of type, and continues out between the rollers cl
and d", with the tapes, shewn by red lines. The roller " having been drawn
down by the action of the cam rests there, and thereby allows the sheet to pass
°

page_text: under the roller ", where the tapes
around this roller and the roller m
seize and guide it over the pulleys 2", and shoot it down over and in front of
the light lath fly frame R. When the sheet has just passed through between
the rollers and tapes the fly frame R is thrown over by the point of the
camp releasing the stud on the connecting bar 7", which is jointed to the
short crank on the shaft t" of the fly frame R. This allows the spring
to act on the rod w¹¹, which, being jointed to the short arm v" on the shaft th
of the fly frame, throws the fly frame over. The sheet is held up against the
light fly frame while being thrown over by the action of the air, as the motion
of the fly frame is quick enough to cause a sufficient pressure against it
from the air alone. A table or board S is placed so that the frame will
deposit the sheets upon it in a regular pile.. As the cam p" revolves it acts on
the stud q", thereby forcing out the connecting bar, and of course bringing
the fly frame R up to its first position, thereby leaving the sheet of paper on
the table or board S. Other methods of working or moving these different
parts may be employed, but they must all be timed so as to suit one another.
I claim the arrangement of the metal distributing roller, and the fountain
roller, by which the ink is taken in small quantity and continuously from the
fountain roller.
I claim arranging and working the service roller a in such a manner as
to serve or supply ink on a part of the distributing surface, in connection with
moving the inking rollers in and out so that each set of inking rollers shall
take an equal quantity of ink.
I claim also the employment and arrangement of the moving segments for
giving an equal quantity of ink to each pair of inking rollers.
. I claim adapting an ink fountain to the main type cylinder, so that the
fountain will revolve or rotate therewith, and furnish a supply of ink to each
set of inking rollers.
I claim the arrangement for feeding this revolving fountain from a reservoir
by pipes, or feeding by an opening into the fountain itself.
I claim the arrangement of the small distributing rollers in connection with
the revolving fountain, by which the "distributing surface" is entirely dispensed
with.
I claim the arrangement of the revolving fountain with a small service
roller, as shewn in Fig. 6, so that solid-surfaced impression cylinders may be
used.
I claim the methods herein shewn and described, or any mere modification
thereof, for giving an equal supply of ink to each set of inking rollers with but
one ink fountain.

page_text: I claim the arrangement above shewn and described, or any mere mecha-
nical variation of the same, for printing the sheet on both sides by means of the
same impression cylinder before leaving the machine, such impression cylinders
being made to revolve constantly in one direction.
I claim the construction and arrangement of the sheet-flying frame and its
appendages, and the adaptation of the same to machines where the impression
is given by a cylinder.
The second part of the Invention consists of an improvement in the hand
printing press.
"
Sheet II. Fig. 1 is a front elevation. Fig. 2, a section of the frame at the
red line on Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation. Fig. 4 is a plan of the bar
handle and connecting rod. Fig. 5, a plan of the under side of the bed.
Fig. 6 is a front and side view of the standard and lever. Fig. 7 is a plan
of the platten, and Fig. 8 a plan of the ribs. The same letters in all the
Figures designate similar parts. A, A, is the frame. B, the bed. C is the
platten. D, D, are the legs to support the frame. E represents the ribs or
ways for the bed to slide upon. F is the bar handle. G is the connecting rod.
His the standard. I is the lever. K is the "rounce.' a, a, are projecting
pieces forming part of the frame, and which support the ribs. 6 is the rounce
shaft in bearings bolted to projections on the ribs. c is the rounce crank. d, d,
are the guide rods for the platten. e, e, are the springs for holding it up. fis
the wedge for regulating the impression. 7 is a wrought-iron cup which rests
on the wedgef, and h is a steel die in the cup in which the steel point i of the
standard H rests. ; is a steel top piece bolted to the top of the frame against
which the top of the lever I works. k is a piece of steel dovetailed into the
lever I, which works in the top of the standard H. 2 is the fulcrum of the bar
handle. m, the point where the connecting rod G is jointed to it, and n is the
steel point which works in one of the countersunk places o, o, in the lever I.
This press being similar in all respects to most ordinary hand presses in use,
except in the combination of its levers and toggle joint for giving the im-
pression, it will only be necessary to describe the manner in which those parts
work, as all other parts are familiar to both printers and press makers.
When it is desired to give an impression the pressman seizes the bar-handle
as usual at or near its extreme end and draws it toward him, he standing on
the usual side of the press, that is, the side on which is the rounce crank c.
The bar-handle or first lever being bent, as shewn in Fig. 4, it is evident that
as it is pulled forward during the first part of its motion it draws the con-
necting rod G with much the greatest velocity, and that the speed diminishes
as the fulcrum and m the points and n approach nearer in line. Of course

page_text: It
as the motion decreases so the power exerted by the pressman increases.
is also evident that the standard aud lever, from the peculiar shape of the
lever, form a toggle joint with a lever or arm extending from one of them, for
the purpose of getting an increased leverage. When the connecting rod G is
drawn forward (its steel point n being in one of the countersunk places in the
end of the lever I) the lever I will be also drawn forward and press down the
standard H, the power increasing and the motion diminishing until the point i
of the standard, and the two points of bearing Ic and j of the lever, are almost
in a line with each other, which, added to the leverage of the bar-handle and
connecting rod, makes a compound leverage and toggle joint with immense
power.
I claim the combination of the toggle joint and lever, which I denominate
the standard and lever.
I also claim the combination of these two above named, with the bar-handle
or lever and connecting rod.
The third part of the Invention relates to an apparatus to be used in con-
junction with a hand press, and is denominated by the Inventor a self-inking
machine. It consists of a combination of mechanism, which, by the action of
the workman in running the bed of a common hand letter-printing-press in
& out, takes and distributes the ink, and while he is taking off the printed
sheet of paper and putting on a white or plain one, causes the inking roller
to roll over and back once or twice, as desired, thereby inking the types on
the bed of the press.
Fig. 1 is a plan view; Fig. 2, an elevation of one end of the machine; Fig. 3
is a front elevation; Fig. 4, an elevation of the opposite end of the machine.
The letters on cach Figure designate the same parts in all the Figures.
A, A, are the two side frames; B is a cross brace, which connects the side
frames together; C is the composition roller for inking the type; D is a large
distributing and vibrating roller; F is the ink fountain with its roller; E and
I are two weights for driving the composition roller C over the form of type;
I is a counterweight for bringing it back; G is a large screw on one end of
the shaft c of the distributing roller D. It answers a double purpose. There
are two cords a and b wcund around the screw G in its groove in opposite
directions, and one of their ends is made fast to it, so that if either of the
cords Le drawn it will unwind and cause the roller to revolve, and at the
same time wind up the other cord and vice versa. These cords a and turn
around the guide pulleys in the piece 7 in opposite directions, and are fastened
to the ends of the bed of the press. There also projects from the piece q
into the groove of the screw G a piece of hardened steel, 1, Fig. 4, which

page_text: causes the roller D) to vibrate as it revolves. To the other end of the shaft c
is made fast one end of a cord u, so that as the roller D revolves backward
and forward the cord is wound up and unwound. The other end of this
cord, after passing by the guide pulley m, the piece r, and around the friction
pulley in the piece l, is fastened to the two cords v, v. The other end of the
cords u, v, are attached one to the end one, and the other to the end of the other
of the levers ff, for the purpose of drawing them down. These levers hang
loose on the shaft h, and to their other ends are fixed the weights E an H.
On this end of the levers near the centre are two lever palls a, a, their outer
ends being the longer and heavier, and on the shaft between the levers f,f,
is a collar 7. This collar has in its periphery a ratchet-shaped notch, and is
fastened to the shaft h by a set screw so as to be.adjustable, and in this notch
at certain times the palls x, x, drop. There is also on the inner lever a
projecting pin p', which, as the weight H and its lever rises, strikes against a
bevelled-shaped projection on the spring q', and presses it back and passes by
it, and at certain times rests on it. There is jointed to this pring q¹ a pall y,
having a hooked end, which extends over the shaft h. On this shaft under
the pall y is another notched collar s¹, seen in Fig. 1, similar to the onc, 2¹³,
before described, and by the motion of the shaft h its notch at certain times
catches the hooked pall y and draws it and the spring back, thus removing
the bevelled projection from under the pin p', and leaving the weight H at
liberty to descend. The palls x, x, are tripped out of the notch in the
collar, and the weights E and H stopped in the following manner:-Tho
palls are of such shape that when their short ends are in the notch their
long ends hang a little below the bottom of their respective levers, and when
pressed up even with the bottom of the lever their short ends are out of the
notch. Now, as a weight and lever descends with the pall in the notch, the
long end of the pall projecting below the lever first strikes the tripping
piece, but the weight still descends until the lever strikes the piece 2, by
which time the pall is entirely out of the notch, and of course disconnected.
from the shaft h. On the other end of this shaft is fixed, by means of a set
screw, the arm g, which carries the sliding counterweight I. This arm is so
placed on the shaft h that when the weights E and H are up it hangs nearly
perpendicular, but when one of the weights descends and turns the shaft h
(by means of its connection with the pall and notched collar), the counter-
weight I rises, and when the pall is tripped and the shaft released the counter-
weight I descends, turning the shaft h in the contrary direction. In the
centre of this shaft is the arm J fixed to it by means of set screws; the other
end of this arm J is jointed to the arm K, which projects, from the ink roller

page_text: frame or carriage. Before the weights E and H have acted on the shaft h
the arms J and K stand nearly upright, and are, as it were, folded up; but as
either of the weights E or II turns the shaft II, as before described, the arms
J and K are stretched out, and thus drive the composition inking roller C
over the form, and when the weight is tripped, the shaft h, inking roller C, and
other parts, are brought back to their first position by the counterweight I.
The roller frame is kept in this position by the end of the sliding rod o sliding
in front of it through a picce n which projects from the brace m, and its
other end is jointed to the lever j; and as the tympan is thrown back it strikes
and moves the lever j, and draws the sliding rod o from before the arm K,
thereby setting it at liberty and allowing the inking roller to pass over the
form of type. The fountain F has a trough and ductor roller as usual. Lis
a stiff piece of metal firmly fixed to the trough, and under this piece secured
to its back edge is a thin steel ductor, which lies in a horizontal position, with
its front edge nearly touching the roller some distance above its centre. The
points of the screws o¹, o¹, 01, 0, bear on the ductor, and by turning them,
the ductor being very thin, it can be sprung down on the roller, and thus as
the roller revolves the ink is scraped entirely off, or the quantity passed.
through may be increased or decreased at any particular place at pleasure.
The fountain has journals d', d, which hang in bearings on the side
frames, and the journals are so placed that the front side of the foun-
tain is considerably the heavier. The front side has fastened on it the
piece i, under which the lower end of the lever ; rests, so that when this
lever is moved by the tympan it must lift the front side of the foun-
tain. Directly over the fountain roller, and a small distance above it, lies
the small wooden distributing roller d (Fig. 3), which is covered with cloth
and kept pressed against the large distributing roller D, by the spiral springs
in the cases c¹ acting against its journals. On the end of the fountain roller is
fixed the ratchet , and above hangs from the frame the pall g', the lower end
always being in one of the teeth of the ratchet . Now when the fountain is
lifted the ratchet strikes the pall, and thus causes the fountain roller to turn
a small distance and bring out on its surface a proper quantity of ink; also,
by the lifting of the fountain its roller touches the small distributor d, and
imparts to it a supply of ink. c is another small roller similar to d, and runs
in bearings in the side frames, and lies against the composition roller C,
when that roller is receiving and distributing ink. The composition roller C
receives and distributes its ink while resting, and revolves by friction on the
large distributor D, and for this purpose the journals of the composition
roller C run in adjustable bearings in the roller carriage, and are regulated in

page_text: height by nuts, according to the size of the roller. It will be seen that the
rollers being all in contact one with another, when the distributor D revolves
all the other rollers must revolve also, and thus distribute the ink received by
the roller d from the fountain. On the ends of the roller carriage are the
friction rollers a', a', which run on the two projecting picces 6', 6. These
carry and guide the roller C on to the bed of the press, on which are placed
pieces or bearers to guide the roller C when passing over and inking the form
of type.
Having described the different parts of this apparatus, I now will explain its
operation. The bed of a hand printing-press always being out from under the
platten when the form is being inked, the machine is placed behind it. The
pieces, ¹, are brought, by adjusting the position of the machine, to a level
and in line with the pieces on the bed called the bearers, for the friction
rollers a¹, a', on the roller frame for the carriage K to run on.
This having
been properly done, the two cords or bands a and bare, one secured to a
piece on one end of the bed of the press, and the other to a piece on the other
end. When this has been done the bed may be run in under the platten.
This motion of the bed must unwind the cord a from the screw G, thereby
causing the distributing roller D to revolve at the same time the cord bis
wound up on the screw G. The revolution of the distributing roller winds up
the cord u on its shaft c, which cord being connected to the cords v, v, raise
the weights E and H, until the palla on the arm of the weight E drops in
the notch in the collar r on the shaft h, and the pin p' in the lever of the
weight I has pressed back and passed the projection on the spring q¹, which
then springs underneath the pin p'. The impression having been given, the
bed of the press is now run out as usual, and the cord b, by unwinding, turns
the distributing roller D in the opposite direction, and the cord a is wound up
around the screw G. At the same time the cord or band u is unwound from
its shaft c, thus leaving the weight E free to descend were it not held by the
sliding rod o being in front of the arm K, and the other weight II is held
by the pin presting on the projection from the spring q¹. The tympan of the
press is now thrown up, when its side strikes the projecting pin p on the
lever j, moves it and draws back the sliding rod o, and sets the carriage and
roller free. The weight E now descends, drives the inking roller across the
form and raises the counterweight I on the other end of the shaft h. As the
weight E descends one end of its pall a strikes the tripping pieces, which
piece trips it out of the notch, and thus disconnects the shaft h, and also stops
the weight E. The counterweight I now acts, and turns the shaft in the
contrary direction, and draws back the carriage and roller until the notched

page_text: catching in
The pall a, on
collars on the shaft h catches the hooked pall y, and moves it sufficiently to
draw the projection on the spring from under the pin p¹ in the lever of the
weight II. This weight now in its turn descends, and its pall
notched collar r', thus again drives the roller over the form.
its arm striking the piece, trips, as in the case of the other weight and
pall. The counterweight I this time brings back the inking roller to its
original position on the distributor D to receive a fresh supply of ink. The
notched collar s' of course again catches and draws back the pall y with the
spring ; but, as the shaft h is now brought to its original position, the pall y
slips out of the notch and the spring takes its place ready to hold up the
weight when raised. Thus, as will be seen, the inking roller is made to
pass twice over the form of type, and back. Should it be desirable to have
the roller pass but once over the form of type, and back, it is only necessary to
detach the cord v from the arm f of the weight H, and it will be out of action.
The taking and distributing of ink is effected as follows:-A supply of ink
first being put in the fountain F, the motion given to the lever j by the tympan
raises the front of the fountain F by means of the projecting piece i, under
which the end of the lever j rests. The motion of the fountain brings a tooth
of the ratchet on the end of the fountain roller against the end of the pall g',
thus turning it and bringing out on the surface of the roller a fresh supply of
ink, and by the same motion the fountain roller is brought in contact with the
small distributor d, and imparts to it a proper quantity of ink. A sheet of
paper having been put on the tympan, it is thrown down, the fountain of course
falls and moves the lever j, and thereby throws the sliding rod o in front of
the arm K (as before described), and the pall g¹ drops into the next tooth on
the ratchet . The running in of the bed gives motion to the large distri-
butor D, causing it to revolve and vibrate, and drive all the rollers in contact
with it, and thus distribute the ink. The cord is again wound up on the
shaft c, and the weights raised up as before. The next impression being given,
the bed is run out again, drives the rollers, and distributes the ink. The
tympan is thrown up and the roller again passes over the form, and back, as
before described, and so the working may be continued as long as desired.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the construction or arrangement
of an apparatus such as herein described, or any mere modification thereof,
whereby inking rollers may be furnished with a suitable supply of ink, and be
made to pass over and ink the form of types of a band
press, such
apparatus
being actuated by the ordinary motions of a single pressman in working a
hand press.
The next part of the Invention consists of a machine for inking the type on

page_text: a common hand press; and differs from the self-inker above described, inas-
much as it is arranged to be driven by other motive power than the pressman,
and it is intended to be used in doing the finest work.
:
In Sheet IV., Fig. 1 represents a perspective view of the machine. Fig. 2
is a geometrical cross section. The same letters refer to similar parts in both
figures. A, A, are the two side or end frames; B is a cross brace which
connects them together. C, Fig. 2, is a column, the top of which represents
the line of the type on the press; D is a large distributing roller, which is
This roller has
driven by a belt 6 over the pulley a from some prime mover.
also a vibrating lateral motion, caused by a right and left handed screw on one
end of its shaft which works in a swivel piece. The two composition inking
rollers c and d rest upon the distributing roller D; below and against this
latter are the three small rollers e, f, and g, made of composition or wood
covered with cloth; é and g serve only to aid the distribution of the ink;
f takes ink from the fountain roller E and transfers it to the large distributor
D. As the distributor D is constantly revolving, the ink is being distributed
all the time. The fountain F and its roller E and ductor are similar to the
same things described in the last preceding part of the Invention. The belt
G over the pulley h is driven from some prime mover, and actuates the shaft i,
which has on one end the grooved pulley j. The band passes over this
pulley and down and around the grooved pulley 7, and as the shaft m, on one
end of which is the pulley 1, lies at right angles with the shaft i, the belt or
band makes a half turn. The bearing of the end of the shaft m near the
pulley is formed by a piece o hung in journals, one in the piece p and the
other in the side frame, thus allowing the end of the shaft m, on which is the
worm to be raised or lowered to throw into or out of
gear the worm q with
the worm wheel r. This end of the shaft runs in a sliding box s in the
piece t, bolted to the frame. The worm wheel is on one end of the shaft II,
and on its other end is the toothed wheel u, which gears into another toothed
wheel v. This last must have an equal number of teeth, or a number that
will divide equally into the wheel u. On the other end of the shaft I from
the wheel v is the crank w. The connecting rod a connects it to the arm y
secured on the shaft z. In the centre of the shaft is the arm J, fastened by
set screws, and its other end jointed to the forked arm K whose forked ends
5 are jointed to the ink roller frame or carriage a', a', which carries the inking
rollers c and d. This frame has two small friction rollers 61, 61, at each end;
which run on the ways c¹, c', and support the ink roller, frame, or carriage.
In Fig. 2, d' is a forked arm, which is jointed at its plain end to the lever e
This forms part of the frame which carries the taking roller f. This frame

page_text: has the point f' as its fulcrum. The prongs of the forked end pass on each
side of the shaft H and by the side of the cam g', which, as the shaft revolves,
strikes the pin h¹ and so lifts the arm d', thereby raising the lever e', and, of
course, depressing the taking roller f till it strikes the fountain roller E to
take ink. is a small spiral spring, one end of which is secured to the
frame and the other end to the arm or lever e¹, keeping the pin h¹ always
against the cam g' and the taking roller f against the distributor D, except
when taking ink. is a lever, one end of which is held by the spring k
against the cam 7 (Fig. 1), the other end having the pall m¹ jointed to it.
This pall drops into the teeth of the ratchet of the fountain roller E.
o is a
short shaft mounted in bearings in the piece p', p', which is bolted to the
side frame. On one end of this shaft is an arm, to which is jointed the hook
piece n', having a projection made on one side, which the trip piece s¹ strikes
against to throw the hook from under the end of the shaft m. q¹ is an arm
or lever, having a small pin projecting from its top end, and is secured by
a set screw to one end of the short shaft o¹. The machine is placed behind a
common hand printing-press, and is so adjusted that the ways c¹, c¹, arc in
line with and nearly touch corresponding ways or bearers on each end of the
bed of the press when the bed is run out from under the platten. It is now
put in motion by putting on the belts G and b. It will be seen by the Figures
that the belt G drives the shaft i, pulley j, and, of course, by the belt k, the
pulley and its shaft, and the worm q. The worm 9 drives the worm
wheel when in gear, and its shaft H and the toothed wheel u, which drives
the toothed wheel and its shaft I, and, of course, the crank w on the other
end of the shaft I. The crank w by means of the connecting rod a moves
the arm or lever y up and down, thus turning backward and forward the
shaft, and of course the arm J and the forked arm K, which, as will be seen,
moves the ink roller frame or carriage out over the form, and back, as often
as the crank w makes a revolution. The tympan of the press when thrown
up strikes the pin on the lever q, turns the shaft o¹, and of course raises
the short arm on the other end of the shaft, thereby raising the hooked rod 2¹;
the hook being under the end of the worm shaft m raises it, and the worm
comes into gear with the worm wheel 2, which makes an entire revolution, when
the trip piece s' strikes the projection on the arm n', and trips the hook at its
end from under the end of the shaft m, and the worm drops out of gear from
the wheel r which ceases to move, and of course the inking rollers stop and rest
on the distributor D; the trip piece being so adjusted as to act at that time.
When the tympan is thrown down, its pressure being taken from the arm q¹
the hooked rod falls, and its hook drops under the end of the shaft m, where

page_text: it rests till the tympan is again thrown up. The projecting piece on the
arm n' drops below the tripping piece s', which has a rule joint to allow its end
to be lifted by the projection, so as not to trip at that time. If it is desirable
to make the inking rollers pass over and back across the form more than
once, it will only be necessary to make the wheel u so many times larger than
the wheel vas is desired to drive the rollers over and back across the form.
The belt drives the large distributor D, and all the other rollers when in
contact with it are driven by it. At every revolution of the shaft H the
cam b' moves the lever, and the pall m³ on the upper end of the lever,
hooking into a tooth of the ratchet on the fountain roller, and turns the roller,
thereby bringing up from the fountain a supply of ink on the roller E. The
taking roller is made to fall from the distributor to the fountain roller and
take ink, and rise back to the distributor to which it imparts the ink by means
of the cam g, forked arm d', pin h¹, and lever c¹. The cam g¹ being on the
shaft E, must move the taking roller f down and up once for every revolution
of the shaft.
I claim, first, the raising and dropping the worm in and out of gear with
the worm wheel for driving the rollers across the form, and back, at certain
times, whether done in the manner described, or in any similar or analogous
manner.
Second, the method of causing the rollers to pass more than one time
over the form, and back, by changing the gearing connecting the two shafts u
and v.
Third, the method of taking and serving the ink.
Fourth, the general arrangement of the machine.
I also claim under this head the arrangement or construction of apparatus
herein shewn and described, or any mere modification thereof, whereby the
form of types of a hand press may be inked without the aid of a workman,
and the inking rollers may be carried over the type any number of times that
may be required by mercly altering the relative size of some of the toothed
wheels.
The next and last part of the Invention consists in various mechanical con-
trivances and arrangements for printing with rapidity from a form of types
cards of address or business.
Fig. 1, Sheet V., is a side elevation of the machine, Fig. 2 is a plan view,
and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section. The same letters apply to all the Figures.
A represents the side frame of the machine; B, the driving shaft, on which
are fastened the driving excentric C and the grooved pulley a, the toothed
pinion E, and fly wheel D; F, is the treadle for driving this shaft by means of

page_text: the excentric C and the band b, which passes around the friction roller c in
the treadle; the pinion E gears into the toothed wheel G, which is keyed on
to the impression shaft H. Two cams d and J are securely fastened to this
shaft, and are each so formed or shaped as to give motion in their revolution
only during one half that revolution, and they act alternately. In the cam J
there is a groove in which works a small friction roller, that is fastened to the
sliding bar g; the end of the sliding bar g is jointed to a short slotted crank
or arm secured on the shaft h. On this shaft is fastened by set screws the
arm K; through the opposite end of the arm K passes the cross head i, and
on each end of this cross head are the small connecting rods j, j, which are
attached at the other end to the inking frame L, which slides in grooves in
side pieces S, and carries two small composition inking rollers k, k. The
motion communicated to this frame from the cam J carries it down and up
between the type on the bed I and the platten M, and thus inks the type. A
thin piece of metal (which I call a feeder) is fastened to the roller frame,
it has a small sharp projection on the card side about equal in thickness to
one card. In front of this feeder is a box O, to hold the cards to be printed,
which box is easily adjusted in size; a number of cards are put in the box,
and are kept pressed against the front by the sliding rod m, to which is
attached by a cord running over a pulley a weight n sufficient for that purpose.
Directly under the front card is an aperture through the bottom of the box
large enough for one card to pass through at a time;
dropping through by the pressure from the weight n.
ture on each side is a groove or channel to conduct the card between the bed
and platten; t is a stop picce, also adjustable to suit different sized cards,
on which the card drops, and is thus held in a proper position to receive the
impression which is given by the cam d operating against the friction roller
and moving forward the bed I, on which is secured the form of types (this
being done while the inking rollers and roller frame are up). The piece t is
fixed on the shaft by a set screw, and is moved by the arm v of the shaft
being struck by a pin y in the toothed wheel G, and thus releases the card.
The large distributing roller N is supplied with ink by hand or by a fountain,
if thought desirable, and the inking rollers k, k, are kept up against the dis-
tributor by springs, and thereby receive their supply of ink. The dis-
tributor N revolves constantly as it is driven by the band from the grooved
pulley a on the driving shaft B. A lateral motion is given to the distributing
roller N by causing the oblique cam p on one end of its shaft to run against
the friction roller q, against which roller it is held by the spiral pressure
spring r, on the other end of the shaft; two small composition rollers 3, 8,
the card is kept from
Underneath the aper-

page_text: rest on the large roller N, and revolve by friction against it, their use is simply
to distribute the ink more perfectly. The platten M is held by the two sliding
rods a, x; the impression is adjusted or regulated by the wedge R. (Fig. 3),
which may be drawn up by turning the nut above. The mode of operating
the machine is as follows:-The cards are put in the box O and a supply of
ink is put on the distributing roller N, the machine is then put in motion by
the treadle F, through the band 6 and excentric C, which causes the shaft B
to revolve and drive the distributing roller N, as well as the impression shaft H.
The cam J on this shaft, being connected by the sliding bar crank and arm I
to the ink roller frame, draws down and up the rollers between the type on
the bed and the platten, thereby inking the face of the type. As the ink roller
frame passes down it carries with it tho feeder 1, and the projecting piece on it
strikes and draws down the front card through the aperture into the grooves,
where it is stopped by the stop piece t; here the card remains to receive the
impression; the feeder then passes up with the ink roller frame and rollers,
the bevelled edge of the feeder strikes against the cards, and springs back
until it passes above them, and then resumes its original position, and the
inking rollers commence to receive and distribute a fresh supply of ink.
The cam d now drives forward the bed, which gives an impression to the card,
and is drawn back by the spiral spring f; while the bed is being drawn back
the pin y on the toothed wheel G strikes the lever v, which moves the shaft u,
and of course the stop piece t, from under the card which falls into a box
placed below to receive it. The inking rollers having, in the time required
to give the impression, received and distributed a fresh supply of ink, again
descend, carrying down with them the feeder 1, and a fresh card as before
again descends, and the impression is given as before, and so the same motions
continue until the cards are all printed, or as long as desired.
Many variations in the mechanical arrangements or methods of producing
these various movements in their proper time and place may be made; such
as driving the inking roller N by geared toothed wheels instead of a band;
also giving the impression by means of toggle joints or cranks, or both
connected instead of by a cam. And I do not wish to confine myself to this
particular shape or form in my claim, but any similar or analogous method of
producing the same results. Also a fountain for ink, with a roller and ductor
may be added, if desired, similar to those used in cylinder printing machines.
Cards may be fed into the machine by the channels or grooves singly by
hand, if desired.
I would here observe, that some of the parts of the above press have been
heretofore employed for similar purposes; I do not therefore intend to claim

page_text: such parts, except when arranged or combined in the manner herein shewn.
But that which I consider to be new in the above-described press, and there-
fore wish to claim as the improvements secured to me by the herein-before
in à part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the adjustable card box with the grooves. I also claim the use of
the grooves separately for feeding cards in by hand, and also the use of the
card feeder l.
Second, I claim the mode of working the inking apparatus, and also the
manner of giving the impression, by a sliding bed or platten operated on by a
cam, crank, or toggle joints, or a combination of them to obtain an alternating
motion and an interval of rest.
Third, I claim, driving the machine by the foot, so that both hands of the
workman are at liberty, and also the arrangement by which the card is
released from the machine after it has been printed.
Lastly, I claim the general arrangement of the parts, forming a perfect 1
whole as described, or any analogous arrangement or mere modification of the
same to produce the same or a similar effect.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
4
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.