AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATERMARKS UPON PAPER
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mathew Mathews, of Saggart, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATERMARKS UPON PAPER."
Sealed the 9th September 1873, and dated the 14th July 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mathew Mathews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1873.
I, MATHEW MATHEWS, of Saggart, in the County of Dublin, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATERMARKS UPON PAPER," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford a facility to paper makers for
producing any required watermarks upon paper during the process of
manufacture without the necessity for keeping on hand a large and
expensive stock of "dandy rolls," as is necessary under the ordinary
arrangement, and thus to greatly reduce the expence of manufacture.

page_text: "
The ordinary way of producing a watermark upon laid or wove paper
is to form the design in brass wire and sew it on to the surface of a
"dandy roll," and it will be obvious that as each different watermark
requires a separate "dandy roll," and the latter are both bulky and
expensive, the cost of the necessary stock of "dandy rolls" in a large
paper manufactory is very considerable.
My Invention consists principally in using a plain "dandy roll" only,
and in producing the water mark by means of a separate skeleton roll
having parallel sides or surfaces, to which are attached movable plates
bearing the required lettering or other design for forming the water-
mark, and thus all that is requisite is to keep on hand a stock of these
movable plates and to change them on the skeleton roll as occasion may
require. The plates may be made in the form of a segment of a cylinder,
or they may be made flat, and the letters or design formed in flat or
ribbon wire, the outer edge of which is rounded off to the required
cylindrical form.
The exact surface speed of the pulp on the wire cloth is imparted to
the skeleton roll at the proper time to give the required impression or
watermark by means of segments at each end of the said roll. These
segments are covered with india-rubber or other suitable material, and
come into contact with the wire cloth of the paper making machine at
the proper time to give the same surface speed to the skeleton roll in
order to give the required impression or watermark to the pulp or
sheets.
Immediately after the watermarks or impressions are given to the
sheets the segment leaves the wire cloth and the roll stops until motion
is again imparted to it at the proper time for water marking the next
sheets, and so on regularly. This motion is imparted from a fast pulley
(which is keyed upon the "deackle shaft"), whose diameter is equal to
that of the "deackle" pulley and the "deackle" strap combined in order
to obtain the exact speed of the wire cloth. This fast pulley drives a loose
pulley fixed on end of the skeleton roll shaft, and the loose pulley has
a pin attached to one side which comes against a stud or finger projecting
from the shaft of the skeleton roll, and as soon as the said pin and stud
come into contact the roll commences to revolve, and the segments
coming into contact with the wire cloth they both travel together at
exactly the same surface speed, whilst the impression or watermark is
produced.

page_text: The above mentioned pulley with pin attached is the regulator for the
size of the sheets required, its circumference should be that of an
ordinary "dandy roll," calculated for the size of the sheets in the usual
way, but it has this advantage over the ordinary "dandy roll," that it
is capable of alteration whilst working to meet any change or
irregularity of by merely putting on or removing a small piece of
packing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Mathew Mathews in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th January 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MATHEW.
MATHEWS, of Saggart, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Mathew Mathews, Her special license
that I, the said Mathew Mathews, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Mathew Mathews, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATERMARKS UPON PAPER,"..
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Mathew Mathews,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Mathew Mathews, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say) :-
The object of this Invention is to afford a facility to paper makers for
producing any required watermarks upon paper during the process of
manufacture without the necessity for keeping on hand a large and
expensive stock of "dandy rolls," as is necessary under the ordinary
arrangement, and thus to greatly reduce the expense of manufacture.
"
The ordinary way of producing a watermark upon laid or wove paper
is to form the design in brass wire, and sew it on to the surface of a
dandy roll," and it will be obvious that as each different watermark
requires a separate "dandy roll," and the latter are both bulky and
expensive, the cost of the necessary stock of " dandy rolls," in a large
paper manufactory is very considerable.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention, I will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in order
that the same may be clearly understood, I have annexed hereunto a
Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with
figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof.
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing is an elevation (one quarter) of the
two ends of a skeleton watermark roller made in a cylindrical form
according to my Invention; Fig. 2 is an end view (also one quarter size)
showing the loose pulley; Fig. 3, a section of the same (full size); and
Fig. 5 an elevation (full size) of the india-rubber covered quadrant
or segment; Fig. 4 is a section of the skeleton roll made with parallel
sides.
My Invention consists principally in using a plain "dandy roll" only,
and in producing the watermark by means of a separate skeleton roll
having formed either cylindrical, as seen at a, a, Figs. 1 and 2, or with
parallel sides or surfaces as at b, b, Fig. 4, to which are attached movable
plates c, c, bearing the requisite lettering or other design for forming the
watermark, and thus all that is requisite is to keep on hand a stock of
these movable plates and to change them on the skeleton roll as occasion
may require. The plates c, c, may be made in the form of a segment

page_text: of a cylinder as at Fig. 3, or they may be made flat as shown at Fig. 4,
or the letters or design formed in flat or ribbon wire d, d, the outer
edge of which is rounded off to the required cylindrical form, as shown
by the dotted circle.
The exact surface speed of the pulp on the wire cloth is imparted to
the skeleton roll at the proper time to give the required impression or
watermark by means of segments e, e, Figs. 1, 2, and 5, at each end of
the said roll. These segments e, e, are covered with india-rubber or
other suitable material f, f, and come into contact with the wire cloth
of the paper making machine at the proper time to give the same surface
speed to the skeleton roll in order to give the required impression or
watermark to the pulp or sheets.
Immediately after the watermarks or impressions are given to the
sheets the segment e, e, leaves the wire cloth and the roll stops until
motion is again imparted to it at the proper time for water marking the
next sheets, and so on regularly. This motion is imparted from a fast
pulley (which is keyed upon the "deackle shaft "), whose diameter is
equal to that of the "deackle" pulley and the deackle strap combined in
order to obtain the exact speed of the wire cloth. This fast pulley drives
a loose pulley g, g, Figs. 1 and 2, fixed on the end of the skeleton roll
shaft h, h, and the loose pulley g, g, has a pin i attached to one side which
comes against a stud or finger k, k, projecting from the shaft h, h, of the
skeleton roll, and as soon as the said pin and stud come into contact the
roll commences to revolve, and the segments e, e, coming into contact
with the wire cloth they both travel together at exactly the same surface
speed, whilst the impression or water mark is produced.
The above pulley 9, 9, with pin i attached is the regulator for
the size of the sheets required, its circumference should be that of an
ordinary "dandy roll," calculated for the size of the sheets in the usual
way, but it has this advantage over the ordinary "dandy roll," that it
is capable of alteration whilst working to meet any change or
irregularity of working by merely putting on or removing a small piece
of packing.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be
performed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that
I claim no my Invention

page_text: Firstly. The application and use of a plain "dandy roll" in com-
bination with a skeleton marking roll constructed as herein-before
described..
Secondly. I claim the construction of the skeleton roll a, a, either in
a cylindrical form or with parallel faces b, b, to which movable plates c, c, i
bearing the required lettering or design for forming the watermark are
capable of being attached.
Thirdly. I claim the use of the segments e, e, in combination with
the loose pulley 9, 9, pin i, i, and stud k, k, whereby the curved surface
of the plates, which form the watermark, are caused to move at exactly 1
the same surface speed as the wire cloth whilst the watermark is being
impressed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mathew Mathews, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy. 1
four.