ROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING AND COMPOSING TYPES FOR PRINTING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Samuel Westcott, of Elizabeth, in the
State of New Jersey, United States of America, for the Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING AND COMPOSING TYPES FOR
PRINTING."
Sealed the 30th November 1875, and dated the 24th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Samuel
Westcott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th August 1875.
I, CHARLES SAMUEL WESTCOTT, of Elizabeth, in the State of New
Jersey, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING AND COMPOSING
TYPES FOR PRINTING," to be as follows:-
Letters Patent, No. 2111, granted in Great Britain, January 9th 1873,
was obtained for a machine for casting and composing types invented by
me, and the present Invention relates to modifications thereof, and
improvements thereon that I have since invented.
A

page_text: The machine operates upon the general plan set forth in said Patent
to select by a finger key the matrix that is taken by a carrier to the
mould; the type is cast, delivered, dressed upon its edges, and set up in
line in the order in which the finger keys are struck.
The finger keys act upon pins in bars that are connected with the
frames carrying the matrix holders. When a pin is raised by the key it
and the slide and frame are moved to bring the proper matrix into
position to be taken by the carrier, there are parallel moving bars that
act on these pins to move and hold them in position, and then return
the parts to their normal position; and the key when depressed is seized
by a moving bar that completes its motion and holds it, and also prevents
another key being depressed until the first key is returned to the normal
position. When the keys are not acted upon a blank matrix is brought
to position automatically, so that the casting of a blank results whenever
the machine is in motion, and the keys are not operated. The carrier
that takes the matrix stock is constructed to grasp the stock, lift it out
of the frame, carry it to the mould, and present the matrix to the same,
and then return the matrix into its frame. The matrix stock is in two
parts to allow the matrix to be accurately adjusted, and the connecting
screws form the suspending pins.
The moulds are made to swing towards the nipple of the bath; they
also slide to carry the cast type bodily into a spring hook that is passed
in between the moulds after a regulating plate between, said moulds has
been moved out of the way; this regulating plate is of a thickness.
corresponding to the types, and is pushed back by the matrix to open
the mould to the proper width for the body of the type; the mould is
clamped by pressure when the casting takes place, and this pressure is
relieved as the moulds are opened; in the bath of type metal there is a
pump acting to inject the melted metal into the mould when an
automatic valve is withdrawn; this valve is upon a rod that passes
through the bath above the melted metal so as to allow the valve rod to
be taken out, and the nipple hole to be cleaned; the nipple is made as
a ball joint at the back, and the face is grooved; the hook that
delivers the type from the mould draws it into a trough from which it
is taken by grippers above and below the body, and moved down into
line with the stationary knives or planes, that dress off any burs or
inequalities as the type is pushed endwise between them and delivered
upon a composing table.

page_text: The line of types is pushed along the thickness of each type added so
that the composition is in the order in which the keys are moved. There
is an indicating apparatus above the long line of types to indicate the
column or page widths.
CATION m pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Fatent,
filed by the said Charles Samuel Westcott in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
SAMUEL WESTCOTT, of Elizabeth, in the State of New Jersey, United
States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Samuel Westcott, Her
special licence, that I, the said Charles Samuel Westcott, my executors,.
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Samuel Westcott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING AND COMPOSING
TYPES FOR PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Charles Samuel Westcott, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.. -

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Samuel Westcott, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being made to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
-
Letters Patent, No. 2111, granted in Great Britain January 9, 1873,
was obtained for a machine for casting and composing types invented
by me, and the present Invention relates to modifications thereof and
improvements thereon that I have since invented.
The machine operates upon the general plan set forth in said Patent
to select by a finger key the matrix that is taken by a carrier to the
mould, the type is cast, delivered, dressed upon its edges, and set up in
line in the order in which the finger keys are struck.
The finger keys act upon pins in bars that are connected with the
frames carrying the matrix holders. When a pin is raised by the key
it and the slide and frame are moved to bring the proper matrix into
position to be taken by the carrier. There are parallel moving bars
that act on these pins to move and hold them in position, and then
return the parts to their normal position, and the key when depressed
is siezed by a moving bar that completes its motion and holds it, and
also prevents another key being depressed until the first key is returned
to the normal position. When the keys are not acted upon a blank
matrix is brought to position automatically, so that the casting of a
blank results whenever the machine is in motion and the keys are not
operated. The carrier that takes the matrix stock is constructed to
grasp the stock, lift it out of the frame, carry it to the mould, and
present the matrix to the same, and then return the matrix into its
frame. The matrix stock is in two parts to allow the matrix to be
accurately adjusted, and the connecting screws form the suspending
pins.
The moulds are made to swing towards the nipple of the bath; they
also slide to carry the cast type bodily into a spring hook that is passed
in between the moulds after a regulating plate between said moulds has
been moved out of the way; this regulating plate is of a thickness
corresponding to the types and is pushed back by the matrix to open
the mould to the proper width for the body of the type; the mould is

page_text: clamped by pressure when the casting takes place, and this pressure
is relieved as the moulds are opened; in the bath of type metal there
is a pump acting to inject the melted metal into the mould when an
automatic valve is withdrawn; this valve is upon a rod that passes
through the bath above the melted metal, so as to allow the valve rod
to be taken out and the nipple hole to be cleaned, the nipple is made
as a ball joint at the back and the face is grooved, the hook that
delivers the type from the mould draws it into a trough, from which
it is taken by grippers above and below the body and moved down into
line with the stationary knives or planes that dress off any burs or
inequalities as the type is pushed endwise between them and delivered
upon a composing table.
The line of types is pushed along the thickness of each type added,
so that the composition is in the order in which the keys are moved.
There is an indicating apparatus above the long line of types to indicate
the colum or page widths.
The bath of melted metal is attached in line with the casting nipple
to lessen the effects of expansion.
In the Drawing Fig. 1 is a general plan of the machine; Fig. 2 is
a cross section through the casting mechanism at the line x, x; Fig. 3
is a cross section at the line y, y; the other Figures are separately
referred to.
The motive power for the machine is applied to the shaft a, and it is
to be under the control of the attendant so that it may be stopped by a
friction clutch or any ordinary stop motion and instantly arrested if
desired or necessary. The shaft a is sustained in the end frames a² of the
machine, and these frames are connected together by cross bars, and the
entire machine rests upon a suitable bed. The cylinder a¹ is revolved
with this shaft a, and upon it are placed the cams to give the movements
hereafter detailed, and such cams are of ordinary construction, that is,
with surfaces inclined to a plane passing longitudinally through the
shaft to give motion towards one end of the cylinder or the other, or
with ribs projecting more or less to give motion in the line of a plane
passing perpendicularly through said shaft a or partially in both
directions. It will not be necessary to describe these cams in detail,
and many of them are shown upon the Drawing. The bed b¹ is made
with a longitudinal slot, in which the matrix carrier B is moved back

page_text: and forth by a V-shaped cama³ upon the cylinder a. I-remark that...
this cylinder a¹ by preference makes one complete revolution while one
type is cast, dressed, and set up in place; hence a complete movement
of the entire machine is made every revolution of the shaft a and
cylinder a¹.
The matrix carrier B is made, as shown, in larger size in the cross
section, Fig. 4; front view, Fig. 5; rear view, Fig. 6; end view, Fig. 7;
and plan, Fig. 22; and the matrix stock itself is made, as shown in the
front view, Fig. 8; and edge view, Fig. 9.
Each matrix stock c is made, by preference, in two parts secured
together by the screws 2, 2, which project in the form of pins for a
purpose hereafter named, and the matrix for the type is made in the
block 3, and this block may be removed from the stock c when changes
are made in the font of type.
The holes in the matrix block 3 are larger than the screws, and the
block is held firmly to the stock c by the heads of the screws 2 after
the said block has been adjusted so as to position the matrix properly in
relation to the stock, in order that the letter will be located correctly at
the end of the type body. In the matrix stock c there is a mortice
adapted to receive the grippers d, d, that are jointed together and placed
within the matrix carrier B and the grippers d, and a block 4 to which
they are pivoted slide freely in a groove in a swinging stock 5 provided
for them in the carrier, the object of this being to open the grippers and
grasp the matrix stock in addition to allowing the matrix a horizontal
movement toward and from the type moulds when they arrive at such
mould.
As the grippers and carrier move toward the matrix stock to convey
the same from its frame, the parts are in the position shown in Figs. 5
and 6 with the ends of the grippers closed; the ends of the grippers pass
freely into the mortice of the matrix stock, and the shoulder of the
grippers stops against the matrix stock, the carrier B continues its
movement, and as it goes forward the inclined slots or grooves 6, 7, 8,
act upon pins that project from the sides of the gripper. These slots
first open the grippers, and by the barbed ends sieze the stock firmly,
then the further movement lifts the gripper and stock bodily, the object
of this being to raise the pins 2 out of the notched sockets provided for
them in the frames e, and thereby the matrix is held firmly by the

page_text: carrier, and then it is freed from its frame e and carried to the mould,
clamped thereto, and the type cast as hereafter described; then the
carrier and matrix stock are brought back by the V cam a³, and as the
pins 2 pass into the notched sockets of the frame e the stock is stopped,
and as the carrier B continues to draw back the gripper is moved down
and then it closes, separating, the fork from the matrix stock, leaving
such stock in its frame, after which the carrier continues to move to the
left until the block 4 is pressed against the yielding finger e³, Fig. 1,
which positively closes the grippers so that they re-assume the closed
position of Fig. 5, ready to move to the left and take the next matrix
stock that may be presented to it upon its next forward movement.
The matrix stocks are mounted in the frames e, and each frame, see
Fig. 23, is made with five compartments; four of these are adapted to
receive four matrix stocks constructed as aforesaid, and the fifth and
central compartment is large enough for the carrier and a matrix stock
from another frame to pass freely through the same. The normal
positions of these slide frames e is that shown in the cross section, Fig. 3,
with the central compartment in position for passing the carrier, and it
is to be understood that these slide frames e are to be sufficiently numerous
to receive as many matrix stocks as there are letters, numbers, &c., to be
cast by the machine, and these slide frames stand side by side in grooves
that are made transversely of the metallic frames or bars 64, 6*; and I
will now proceed to describe the means made use of to slide these frames
back and forth, in order that the matrix stock may be brought into the
path of the carrier.
I provide four ranges of keys, and there is one key to each matrix,
and marked to correspond to the letter, sign, or number of that matrix.
By the depression of that key mechanism is brought into action that
places the matrix stock in the path of the matrix carrier, and holds the
same in position while the matrix and stock are carried away, the type
is cast, and the matrix returned to place; and in connection with the
finger keys there are safety appliances, all of which are hereafter
described, that prevent a second key becoming operative on the
mechanism until the precedingly operating devices are all returned to a
normal position; and in addition there are devices that convey a blank
matrix to the casting mechanism; in order that the movements of the
machine may always be complete every revolution of the main cylinder,
and a space cast whenever there is not a key depressed to cause a type

page_text: 1
to be cast. Between the stationary frame pieces there is a shaft g*
with a pinion near each end gearing at top and bottom into slide bars h¹
with cross bars and i between them. At one end of one of the bars h¹
is a roller that is acted upon by the lever h² and cams ³ upon the
cylinder a. By this arrangement the pinions and shaft g' are turned by
moving the slide bar h¹, and produce a parallel movement of the bars h
and toward each other, and then from each other. The bars and i
are above the stationary grating k, between which are the pin bars
that are connected by links 15 to the frames e, there being a pin bar and
link to each frame. Each pin bar has four movable pins n in it, and two
stationary pins or blocks n' toward the ends. The grating bars k are
made T shaped with flanges upon their upper edges, and these bars are
held in position by bars ¹ attached above their ends, and the pins n
are made with heads removed at one side, and they move freely through
the pin bars, and are guided and held in place by the cross pins in ver-
tical slots in the pin bars, as seen in Fig. 10, which is a cross section of
a part of the pin bars and grating, and the flanges of the grating bars
are removed above the pin heads n at the place occupied by such pin
heads when in their normal position. Two or more banks of finger
keys are made use of; preferably there are four and two rows of key
buttons in each bank, so arranged that there are four keys and their
connected levers t¹ to each pin bar, and the lengths of all these levers
are such that they terminate by preference in one line at the rear, and
rest upon a bar to having vertical comb plates to keep the levers apart,
and allow them to be moved. Connected with each lever is a push pin to,
below the pin n in the pin bar that is to be raised by the depressing
of the key upon such lever.
I prefer to move the keys that are depressed and hold them auto-
matically as hereafter described; but the operation of the parts thus
far set forth is that when a key is depressed the push pin to raises up
its corresponding pin n in the bar 7, the bars h and i move toward each
other, and taking the head of the pin n carry it to the center between
said two bars h, i, at their point of nearest approach, and in so doing
the frame e to which the pin bar is connected is moved either one way
or the other. If the pin n nearest the banks of keys is raised the
frame e will be carried back, bringing the first compartment and its
matrix stock in line to be taken by the carrier or traveller B, as before
described. If the last pin n farthest from the keys is raised the slide-e

page_text: will be moved forward by the bar i; hence, according to whichever
pin is raised so the frame e will be moved to have the matrix stock
taken from one or the other of the divisions in such frame e..
The head of the pin n coming above the flange of the intermediate
or end grating bar k cannot drop until it arrives beneath the vertically
moving blade o where such flanges are removed, and this blade o is
actuated at the proper moment to push down the pin n and allow the
pin bar and frame e to be returned to a normal position by the bars
h and moving apart, and acting upon the pins or studs n¹ that are
near the ends of the pin bars. By this means it is impossible for any
slide frame e to become displaced, the movements are positive, and the
movements of the keys are completed automatically, and they are held
by the means next described.
The bar o¹ is moved up and down by a positive motion at the proper
time; this motion may be from the cam and lever with diagonal slot
(seen in Fig. 11), and such bar o¹ is above the inner ends of the key
levers ; hence, as the key is depressed it rises against this bar and
can move no faster than it allows such key to move, and a spring
catching bar o³, see Figs. 3, 11, and 12, is thrown by a cam in below
the end of the key as it moves; hence, the end of the key lever is
caught and the key lever receives its full movement automatically
from such bars, and it is held up until the slide bars / or i have moved
and actuated the pin n and its bar and frame, after which this bar o¹
is again returned to place, the catch bar os springs back, and the end
of the key liberated. No other key lever can be depressed sufficiently
to be operative while the bars o' and o³ are above their ends; hence,
there is no risk of injury except in cases where two keys are simul-
taneously and designedly depressed, because the operator can remove
the finger from the first key as soon as the same commences to move
automatically, and rest his finger upon the next key and depress the
same into a position to be taken by the automatic mechanism after the
first key has been returned to a normal position, and so on; hence,
no time is lost, and the operator's duties are lessened. The cross bar o
is upon slides 16, and is actuated by the cross shaft 17, arms 18, and
an arm 19, Fig. 1, to a cam, upon the cylinder a³ so as to push down
whichever pin n is brought centrally beneath it, and this operation is
timed to harmonize with the other movements:

page_text: When either key is depressed its lever raises a swinging frame,
and by its push pin 5, the claw is raised; this claw is jointed to
the bar i and when raised it is inoperative, but when neither of the keys
is depressed this claw ² remains upon a stud 20, at the side of the last
pin bar ɩ, and causes the bar i to move the same to bring the matrix for
a space and its stock into line with the matrix carrier, hence if a type
is not cast a space will be cast and all the movements of the machine
will go on regularly.
Each matrix stock is rather wider than the grooves between the
bars in which the frames e move, and the parts are constructed as
seen in Figs. 3, 4, and 23, so that the under side of the bars 6 prevents
the stock being lifted out of the frame except when the matrix stock
reaches the central position for the carrier, at which place the bars b* are
stopped, and the plate 6 is grooved as seen in Figs. 3 and 4, hence the
stocks cannot become misplaced or disconnected from the frame e during
the movement of said frame e, but as such matrix stocks have to be
moved across such central groove through which the carrier passes, and
the stocks might become displaced by the sudden stopping and starting
of the slide, the longitudinal groove in the plate 7 that passes across
the bars is fitted with a bar s, that is, grooved transversely, leaving
ribs that correspond to the bars 6*, and to this bar a movement is given
vertically by the lever s¹, slide s², and a cam upon a' positioned so that
the under surfaces of said grooved bars 64 and s will coincide during the
time that the frame e is being moved back or forth, but as soon as the
said frame stops for the matrix carrier to pass along and take the matrix
to the moulds as aforesaid, then this bars is lifted up out of the way of
the matrix stock, so that said stock and its pins 2 can be lifted up and
taken out of the frame c.
The bath of type metal and means for mounting, heating, and forcing
the metal into the moulds are as follows:-The type metal is contained
in a tank or bath p, of suitable size, and heat is applied below the same
and preferably from gas burners, and the temperature is regulated to a
nearly uniform degree, but in consequence of the unavoidable variations
in temperature difficulties have heretofore arisen from expansion and
contraction varying the adjustment of the bath in relation to the
machinery.
The metal is forced from the bath by a plunger p¹ through 'the
conduit 30 to the nipple 31, see Figs. 2 and 14, and as that is the place

page_text: where the expansion of the bath or tank and furnace is the most
detrimental, the parts are left to expand freely from this nipple in all
directions, but the nipple itself remains uninfluenced and fixed in its
position.
To accomplish this object the tank is sustained by the screw centers.
or trunnions 33, that are in line transversely with the surface of the
nipple, or nearly so, in order that a horizontal and vertical plane might
pass through both the nipple face and the connecting screws, hence the
bath can expand and contract in any direction without changing the
adjustment of the bath in relation to the moulds and matrix.
The cylinder p², in which the plunger p' operates, is provided with an
inlet hole 34, through which the melted metal flows as the plunger is
raised. This plunger p¹ is lifted by the bent lever p³, and it is held up
until the moulds are closed for the type as hereafter described, and then
the lever descends and applies power to the spring to press the plunger
upon the molten metal. This causes the metal to pass up the conduit 30
to the nipple 31, and as soon as the mold is all ready the valve to is
withdrawn, and the jet of metal is thrown with force directly into the
matrix, so that the letter end of the type is first formed and is perfect
and free from air cells, and any atmosphere in the mould will be
contained in cells along the body of the type and will not be injurious.
There is a horizontal rib across the face of the nipple, so that a groove
is made in the base of the type, and the ordinary sprue in casting types
is dispensed with. There is nothing to be broken off the types, and
there is no risk of imperfect faced types.
The valve t is a small rod passing through the sides of the tank,
preferably above the melted metal, hence it can be removed if necessary.
for cleaning out the hole in the nipple 31 whenever necessary without
the type metal running out; or if the type metal should be at too high
a level a portion of it may be dipped out with a ladle.
This is a great
improvement on the valves heretofore employed that were operated by
an arm passing down into the melted metal, because the valve could not
easily be removed and the hole cleaned.
The valve rod is actuated by a bent lever t, Fig. 1, and cam upon the
cylinder a, and the parts are timed to open the valve when the mould
is ready for casting, and instantly to again pass into its place to close
the nipple orifice after the casting has been done, and by the end of the

page_text: _valve projecting slightly there will be a slight cavity in the nick of the
type instead of any projection as has been usual in ordinary type-casting
machines.
By my improvement the metal is cut off at a point between the foot
of the type and the letter so as to cast both the letter and its foot
perfectly.
The back of the nipple 31 is the segment of a globe, see Fig. 14, and
the nipple is held back into a similar recess in the nose of the bath,
and for this purpose a sleeve may be used, as seen in Figs. 1 & 14,
retained by a set screw, but preferably a lever or spring to with an eye
surrounding the nipple and attached to the bath p as by screws or by a
stud at one end, and a spring at the other, as seen in Fig. 1, may be made
use of; in either case the nipple can accomodate itself to the pressure
of the moulds and make a true joint that will not allow of the escape of
the type metal.
The nipple socket may, by the pressure of the valve, sometimes allow
small drops of type metal to pass into the cylinder surrounding the nose
of the bath. This cylinder is to be loose, so as to allow such drops of
melted metal to run out from time to time into a receptacle.
The moulds are seen in the section, Fig. 2, and in larger size in
elevation, Fig. 15, in a sectional plan, Fig. 16, and by a sectional cleva-
tion, Fig. 17. The top plate u is removable with the parts of the mould
from the machine, but when in position it fills the oblong hole in the
stationary top plate u¹ of the machine, and it is held down by buttons 35
with clamping inclines upon their under surfaces. Upon this plate u
there are brackets u sustaining the horizontal attaching screws 36,
upon which the mould frame u³ swings towards and from the nipple of
the bath of melted metal, and this frame u³ passes through the plate u
and sustains the moulds, which are composed of three principal parts,
viz., the bottom block v, with a right-angled ledge in the upper surface,
in which one angle of the body of the type is cast, and which ledge
corresponds in width to the thickness of the body from top to bottom of
the letter; the upper block v¹ of the mould, which is flat upon its under
side, and the intermediate regulating plate that fills the space
between the bottom and top block, and hence the width of the body of
the type, is regulated with the greatest accuracy, according to the
distance between the end of the regulating plate and the ledge of the

page_text: fine particles of metal that may remain in the mould from-the-type-
previously cast. These particles do no harm at this point, because they
are cast into the body of the next type, hence the moulds do not become
dirty or obstructed, but continue fully operative.
The mechanisms for performing these operations are comparatively
simple, but will be described in the order of the operations as named.
2nd. A pin 40 passes vertically through the mould frame and rests
upon a steel plate 41 above the block v¹, and a lever 42 acted upon by a
vertical rod 43, beneath which is a cam upon the cylinder a¹ presses the
pin 40 upon the moulds to clamp them firmly as soon as they have been
opened the distance necessary for forming the body of the type.
3rd. A bar 44 sliding through a fixed arm 45 is moved by the bent
lever 46, adjusting link 47, rocking lever 48, Figs. 2 & 18, and cam
upon the cylinder a¹, and the end of this bar 44 presses upon the
matrix stock c forcing the matrix tight against the front face of the
mould, and pressing the mould back against the nipple and holding the
parts while the casting takes place.
5th. The bar 44 has a small hook 49 that is in a position for the end
thereof to enter the mortice in the matrix stock c between the ends of
the nippers d, and this hook acts upon the matrix carrier and matrix to
draw the same bodily off the type, and allow the matrix to be carried to
its place. A guard finger 54, Fig. 1, serves to prevent the mould
swinging forward at this time, and this guard finger is held as hereafter
described.
7th. The retractile bar 44 has a hook 51 at its end, and it is connected
by a pin in a slot with the lever 46, and the hooked end comes behind
the screw 50 upon the mould frame ³; the slot in this retractile bar
allows the matrix to be first drawn off and then taken back to its place,
and the further movement of the lever 46 swings the frame and mould
away from the casting nipple.
8th. The slide 52 has a spring bar and pin 53 connecting it to the
regulating plate v², and this slide is moved to the left by a cam on a¹,
which first draws the regulating plate back, and then the hook v³ is
passed in between the moulds by the action of the lever 55 that is upon
a vertical shaft 56 and has an arm below the plate 6, and this is acted
upon by a cam upon a¹.

page_text: 9th. After the hook
has been moved back far enough for its end to
be behind the type, the entire mould is moved along by the cam on a¹
continuing to act through 52, 53, and 2, upon said mould v, sufficiently
to move the type into the hook v³, then the hook is moved' and draws
the type out from between the moulds v and v¹ into the slide 57. A stop
should be provided to arrest the movement of the mould
shoulder exactly in line with the vertical side of the trough 57.
with its
The different thicknesses of type compress the spring of the hook v
more or less, but the end of the hook is adapted to any thickness of type
as its end moves just clear of the shoulder of the mould v, which is in
line with the vertical side of the trough 57.
It is to be understood that the pressure upon the moulds to clamp
them is removed by relieving the lever 42 before the moulds are moved
or the type is drawn out.
When it is desired to cast the type with a nick in the edge of the
body, there is a rib employed upon the under side of the block v' of the
mould, and this only continues far enough to form the nick in any width
of type, hence the movement of the portion of the moulds carries the
type clear of this rib before the type is drawn out endwise from between
The hook 3 carries the type along in the trough 57 to
and 59, that grasp the type body upon its upper and
the parts v, v¹.
the grippers 58
lower edges, and
any fins or burs.
carry it down into line with the cutters that dress off,
The lower gripper 59 is raised by a spring, "sce Figs. 19 & 20, or it
may be raised positively by a hook as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 20,
and the upper gripper is moved by an arm 60 and vertical slide rod 61,
which is drawn down to a definite point by a spring or by a cam upon
the cylinder a¹, and this gripper 58 is notched, as seen in Fig. 19, so as
not to interfere with the spring of the hook when thin types are
operated upon. Each part of the gripper is made shorter and narrower
that the body of the type, so that it will grasp the smooth parts of the
type which are cast against the surfaces of the moulds, leaving the
angles, corners, and ends free, so that each type is grasped against
the actual body, and this determines the size that the type is to be when
finished, in order that any fins or projections beyond the required size
may not by any chance get between the grippers, and thus allow a type

page_text: to pass through without the removal-of-all-projections beyond-its-desired--|
size.
A pusher 62 attached to the arm 60 carries down the gripper 59, and
_ prevents undue pressure upon the body of the type, the pusher 62 being
adapted to touch the gripper, as shown in Fig. 20, and prevent the
contingency aforesaid.
There are two cutters 63 and 63 which are stationary and serve to
dress off inequalities at the top and bottom of the letter upon the type,
and two other cutters 64 and 65 that dress off the sides of the letter base
and body of the type, and the cutter 65 is upon a movable stock 66 that
is drawn back by a cam upon a¹, and pressed up against the body of the
type by the spring 67, Fig. 21. The operation therefore is that when
the type has passed by the hook v³ and trough 57 in between the
grippers 58 and 59, they sieze such type and carry it down, the stock 66
and cutter 65 being drawn back far enough for the thickest type; then
the stock 66 comes up and the flange 68, Fig. 20, presses against the
side of the type and holds the same in position for the type to be moved
bodily, and letter end first, through the opening between the cutters that
corresponds with and is in line with the body of the types. The pusher
69 is used to move the type, this pusher 69 is upon a cross bar 70 from
the forked slide 71, and this forked slide is in ways in the bed b¹, and it
is actuated by the hooked link 72, lever 73, and cams upon a¹, and as
the slide 71 is moved back its adjustable eccentric button 74 presses
upon the finger 54 aforesaid, to hold the moulds back, as before
described, and after the type is in place the slide and pusher 69 are
moved forwards, and the end of the pusher is curved to act between the
feet of the type and carry the same through between the cutters.
In order that the upper gripper 58 may not move, a segment 75,
Fig. 21, is moved by a pin upon the slide 71, and passes into a notch 76
in the vertical rod 61 to lock the same.
The type after it has been dressed passes out upon the composing
table 77, and the types delivered in the order in which the keys are
manipulated.
A pusher 78, Fig. 1, is moved back and forth by a trough 79, Fig. 21,
upon the slide 71 taking a roller or pin depending from the pusher 78,
and as each type is added the pusher moves the line of types along a
distance equal to the thickness of the type added.

page_text: unger key. revers and the slide bar for the purposes and substantian
as set forth.
Tenth. The bar o' and lifter o" in combination with the range of
finger keys and mechanism actuated by such keys, substantially as sct
forth.
Eleventh. The bath of type metal provided with a casting nipple in
combination with attaching supporting screws that are in line or nearly
so with such nipple, so that the nipple is not displaced by expansion,
substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. The segment of a globe at the back of the nipple 31 entering 1
a similar recess at the end of the nose upon the bath in combination with
the device to for holding the nipple to place, but allowing such nipple to
accomodate itself to the type moulds, as set forth.
Thirteenth. In combination with the bath of melted metal and the
conduit 30, a plunger p¹ actuated by yielding mechanism, and the valve
and rod that are removable. from the rear without disturbing any of
the parts of the bath, substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth. The mould frame 3 suspended from the centers 36 in
combination with the removable plate u and the type moulds, substan-
tially as set forth.
Fifteenth. The two part type mould v, v¹, in combination with the
regulating plate v³ that is adjustable to vary the width of type, substan-
tially as set forth.
Sixteenth. The combination with the moulds v, v¹, and regulating
plate of the matrix stock, and a connection 38 between the matrix;
stock and the plate ² for varying the thickness of type according to
the letter to be cast, as set forth.
Seventeenth. The plunger 40 and lever 42 in combination with the
moulds v, v¹, for pressing such moulds together previous to casting,
substantially as set forth.
Eighteenth. The bar 44, hook 51, and means for actuating the same
substantially as specified, in combination with the mould and the matrix
and its carrier, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Nineteenth. The combination with the moulds v, v¹, and regulating
plate
of the delivery hook v³ and mechanism, substantially as specified
for giving the motions to the respective parts as set forth.

page_text: Twentieth. The combination with the moulds v, v', of the regulating
plate and mechanism for moving said regulating plate between the
successive casting operations, for the purposes set forth.
Twenty-first. In a type casting machine the moulds v, v¹, and their
supporting frame in combination with the mechanism for opening such
moulds and moving them laterally, and the delivering device v³ that
receives and withdraws the type, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-second. The trough 57, spring and hook v³, in combination
with the type moulds and mechanism for moving the hook, substan-
tially as specified.
Twenty-third. The grippers 58 and 59 constructed and operating sub-
stantially as set forth, in combination with the pusher 69, and cutters to
dress the type as set forth.
Twenty-fourth. The cutters 63, 64, 65, applied to and combined with
the movable block 66 and pusher 69, substantially as set forth.
Twenty-fifth. The composing table 77 and pusher 78 in combination
with the trough 79 upon the slide 71, as set forth.
Twenty-sixth. The bell 80 attached to the quod that moves with the
types upon the composing table in combination with the adjustable
tappets S1, as and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whercof, I, the said Charles Samuel Westcott, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this 3rd day of February,
A.D. 1876.
CHARLES S. WESTCOTT.
Witnesses,
CHA. H. SMITH, 121, Nassau St., New York, N.Y.
HAROLD SERRELL,
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(L.S.)