CERTAIN IMPROVED COMPOUNDS TO BE USED IN DYEING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elie Ducros, and
Ossian Verdeau, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 16, Castle
Street, Holborn, (City,) London, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED
COMPOUNDS TO BE USED IN DYEING."
Sealed the 1st March 1854, and dated the 10th January 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Antoine Marie Edouard
Boyer, Elie Ducros, and Ossian Verdeau at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th January 1854.
We, ANTOINE MARIE EDOUARD BOYER, ELIE DUCROS, and OSSIAN VERDEAU,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, (City,)
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVED COMPOUNDS TO BE USED IN DYEING," to be as follows, viz. :-
The preparation of a new compound by means of which the tartar used in
dyeing may be effectually replaced. Two mordants are generally used in the
dyeing process; one is called the alum mordant, the other the tin mordant,
and in both tartar is used. In the first we substitute for the tartar either
of the following:-Sulphuric, nitric, chlorhydric, and acetic acids, either in
solution, or else combined with alcaline bases, especially the sub-carbonate of
soda; for instance, chlorhydric acid of 14 degrees mixed with sub-carbonate
of soda at the rate of 10 oz. avoirdupois per pint of pure chlorhydric acid of
28 degrees contained in the solution. These proportions may be varied, or
any of the above-mentioned acids may be used instead of the chlorhydric. In
order to replace the tartar in the aluin mordant, prepare a solution of tin in

page_text: nitric acid, diluted to 13 degrees, at the rate of 05 lb. avoirdupois of tin per
pound of pure nitric acid. The diluted nitric acid must be made some hours
before the tin is added; the tin to be added in a state of great division, &
to be shaken whilst the dissolving process goes on. Similar results can be
obtained by using the proto & the dento nitrate of tin, or other solutions of
tin in nitric acid, chloric acid, & aquafortis.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elie Dueros, and Ossian
Verdean in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th July 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ANTOINE
MARIE EDOUARD BOYER, ELIE DUCROS, aud OSSIAN VERDEAU, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn, City, London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto we, the said
Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elie Ducros, and Ossian Verdeau, Her special
licence that we, the said Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elic Ducros, and
Ossian Verdeau, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elie Dueros, and Ossian Verdeau,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for CERTAIN IMPROVED,COMPOUNDS TO
BE USED IN DYEING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elic Ducros, and Ossian Verdeau, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elie
Ducros, & Ossian Verdeau, do hereby declare the nature of our said Inven-

page_text: tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention consists in the preparation of a new compound by means of
which the tartar used in dyeing may be effectually replaced.
Two mordants are at present generally used in the dyeing process; one is
called the alum mordant, the other the tin mordant, and in both tartar is used
to fix the colours. In the alum mordant we substitute for the tartar either of the
following:-Sulphuric, nitric, chlorhydric, and acetic acids, either pare or in a
more or less strong solution, or else combined with alcaline bases, especially
the sub-carbonate of soda. We give here only the composition of the com-
pound which has produced the best results in those cases to which we have
applied it, but similar compounds may be obtained by taking other substances
from the above list, or altering their proportions. Composition of the alum
mordant:-Chlorhydric acid, of 14 degrees Baumé, mixed with sub-car-
bonate of soda, at the rate of eight to ten ounces avoirdupois per pint imperial
of pure chlorhydric acid of 28 degrees Baumé contained in the solution, the
hydrochloric or chlorhydric acid being mixed with an equal volume of water,
so as to gauge about 14 degrees. As to the quantity of this compound to be
used in the dyeing bath, it has to be determined by the experience of the
dyer, the same as for the tartar, a stronger dose of mordant being used for the
dark tints than for the light ones. Although we give the preference to these
compounds, we wish it to be understood that we reserve ourselves the exclusive
right to use instead of the chlorhydric acid any of the above-mentioned
acids.
The diluted nitric
The tin has to be
In order to replace the tartar in the alum mordant we prepare a solution
of tin in nitric acid, diluted to 13 degrees, at the rate of one twentieth
pound avoirdupois of tin per pound of pure nitric acid.
acid must be made some hours before the tin is added.
added in a state of great division, and to be shaken whilst the dissolving
process goes on. These precautions produce the difference between our tin
salt and the common proto-nitrate of tin. Similar results can be obtained by
using the proto and the dento nitrate of tin, or other solutions of tin in nitric
acid, chloric acids, and aquafortis.
Further, all these substances may be employed in the state of salts; but on
the whole we prefer the above-described salts of tin, without however limiting
ourselves to the exact proportions given above.
In conclusion, our Invention consists in a process of dyeing by means of
which tartar is replaced by substances, which are either new or else already
known, but of novel application in dyeing. Therefore, we wish it to be under-

page_text: stood that we claim and wish to secure by these Letters Patent the use (for
the purpose of dyeing) of,-
Firstly, all acids united in a diluted state, with alcaline bases, such as soda,
potash, and ammonia, thus forming substances of a novel composition, sub-
stantially as above set forth.
Secondly, the use of proto-nitrate of tin, prepared as above set forth, and
generally of all kinds of tin salts in a state of protoxyds, these salts being
already known, but not having been applied hitherto to dyeing.
In witness whereof, we, the said Antoine Marie Edouard Boyer, Elie
Ducros, and Ossian Verdeau, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this First day of July, in the year of our Lord 1854.