Improvements in and connected with Horse Shoes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1891-Accepted, 5th Dec., 1891 ·
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Horse Shoes.
I, ALFRED WILLIAM KNIGHT, of Cuckfield, in the County of Sussex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to horse shoes and to roughing studs for use in connection
therewith, the chief object of my invention being to provide improved means
whereby the studs may be readily removed when worn and replaced.
According to my invention the studs (which are made tapering and without
shoulders and driven into correspondingly shaped holes or slots in the shoe) are
provided with notches on their inner ends, and communicating with the stud holes
or slots are recesses into which a punch can be introduced while the studs are in
place, so as to engage with the notches thereof, whereby the said studs can be
readily withdrawn from their slots when the shoe is tapped with a hammer.
In practice one of the stud holes in the shoe is advantageously punched at an
angle and the ends of the said stud holes punched or pointed. The wearing
surfaces of the studs are also advantageously bevelled so as to bear evenly upon
the ground notwithstanding the angle at which they may be placed.
In order to provide further security against slipping the shoe is advantageously
recessed on the underside and provided with cross bars which serve to retain sand,
grit or the like in the recesses.
Dated the 23rd day of January 1891
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Horse-shoes.
I, ALFRED WILLIAM KNIGHT, of Cuckfield, in the County of Sussex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to horse-shoes and to roughing studs for use in connection
therewith, the chief object of my invention being to provide improved means
whereby the studs may be readily removed when worn level with the shoe and
replaced by new studs.
According to my invention the studs (which are made tapering or bevelled at
top and bottom, and with or without shoulders and which are driven into holes in
the shoe) are advantageously provided with notches or projections in their shanks
or inuer ends below the wearing surface of the shoe. Communicating with the
stud holes are recesses into which a punch can be introduced while the studs are
in place, so as to engage with the notches or projections thereof or with the lower
edge of the shank of the stud, whereby the said studs can be readily forced from
their holes by tapping the shoe with a hammer, or forcing the punch.
In order to provide some security against slipping for horses' fore-shoes when the
studs are worn level with the surfaces of the shoes, or when no studs are used,
and to cause the inside of the shoe to wear level with the outside, the inside of
each shoe is advantageously made with recesses placed close together on the
underside, the cross-bars forming the divisions between the recesses serving to
retain grit or the like in the recesses, thereby lessening the weight of the shoe at
that part.

page_text: 10 enable my invention GO De Tunty understood I
carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a plan of the under or wearing surface of a near hind horse-shoe
made according to my invention and fitted with my improved roughing, studs, two
of the said roughing studs, however, being removed to shew the holes in the shoe
with which they engage:
Figures 2 and 3 are respectively sections on the lines 2, 2 and 3, 3 of Figure 1;
and,
Figures 4 and 5 are similar views to Figures 2 and 3 but with the roughing
stud removed :
Figure 6 is a view of the roughing stud shewn in Figure 2 detached:
Figure 7 is a view of the said stud looking in the direction of the arrow,
Figure 6:
Figure 8 is a similar view to Figure 1 but shewing only the fore part of the
shoe and illustrating a modified form of roughing stud :
Figure 9 is a section on the line 9, 9 of Figure 8; and,
Figure 10 is a similar view but with the roughing stud removed:
Figures 11 and 12 are views of the said stud similar to Figures 6 and 7
respectively:
Figure 13 is a plan of the under or wearing surface of a horse's fore-shoe
provided with recesses according to my invention for retaining sand, grit or the
like.
Similar reference letters indicate similar or corresponding parts throughout the
drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 to 12, a is the horse-shoe, and b, bare the roughing studs
which are preferably of a semi-circular or crescent shape in plan and engage with
corresponding holes c, e in the shoe. a indicates the tapered, bevelled or undercut
top of the stud which gives the stud a cutting edge that will render the stud self-
sharpening as it wears. To enable the studs to be held securely when placed in
the recesses c, c 1 form the shanks of the said studs tapering or bevelled so as to
form in each a hollow or recess d into which the metal, forming the wall of the
recess c adjacent to the said hollow, can be forced by means of a punch driven
into a conical hole e in the shoe.
In addition to or instead of the above described means for securing the studs b, b
in the recesses c, c, I may form the ends of the bottom of each stud with down-
wardly projecting ears, f, as shewn in Figures 11 and 12, which cars when the
stud is forced into its recess c, will be caused to spread and be pressed into the
metal at the ends of the said recess, as shewn by dotted lines in Figure 9.
When using recesses c, e formed right through each shoe I provide the roughing
studs with shoulders to prevent them going too far into the shoe and I fix them
in position by the means described with reference to Figures 1 to 7.
Or by
tapering them the reverse way to that shewn and described 1 require no shoulder
and the studs wedge themselves tight when forced into the shoe.
9, 9 are the notches in the shanks of the studs, which, when the studs are in
place, are below the wearing surface of the shoe, and h, are the recesses in the
shoe which communicate with the said notches to allow of the insertion of a punch
for forcing the studs from their recesses. As shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 6 and
two notches g, g may be formed near the vertical edges of the shank of the stud
or, as shewn in Figures 8, 9, 11 and 12, one notch only may be employed, such
notch being formed in the centre of the shank. Or the studs may be formed
with three notches, projections, impressions or their equivalents in suitable
positions.
By constructing roughing studs with notches or their equivalents, which, when
the said studs are in place, are below the level of the shoe as described, the studs
can wear down to such level before being removed.
It will, however, be evident that the studs could be made without such notches;

page_text: projections or impressions, in which case I extend the recess in the stud hole to
receive the punch below the bottom edge of the stud.
i, i, Figure 13, are the recesses which I provide in fore-shoes in which recesses
grit or the like is retained by the cross-bars j, j. By arranging the said recesses
on the inside of the shoe, as shewn, they, in addition to providing security against
slipping and serving to lighten the shoe, also serve to equalize the wear of the
sides of the shoe.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
1. A horse-shoe provided with roughing studs having notches or their equivalents
below the wearing surface of the shoe and with a recess or recesses in the stud
holes communicating with the said studs or their notches, substantially as, and for
the purpose, described.
2. A. roughing stud for horse-shoes having in its shank a notch or notches or
their equivalents which, when the stud is in the shoe, is or are located below the
wearing surface thereof, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. Tapering or bevelling the shanks of roughing studs for horse-shoes so as to
form a hollow or recess to allow a portion of the metal of the shoe to be forced
therein, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
4. Tapering, bevelling or under-cutting the tops of roughing studs for horse-
shoes, substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
5. Forming the roughing studs of horse-shoes of the kind described in the first
claiming clause with downwardly projecting ears such as f, substantially as, and for
the purpose, described.
6. A horse-shoe provided with recesses adapted to receive roughing studs of the
construction described and with recesses to admit of the introduction of a suitable
tool for ejecting the studs, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings.
7. The improved roughing studs for horse-shoes herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. A horse-shoe provided with recesses formed as described to retain grit or the
like for the purposes set forth.
9. The manufacture and use of the improved horse-shoes hereinbefore described
with reference to Figures 1 to 5, Figures 8 to 10 and Figure 13 respectively of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated the 22nd day of October 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.