Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application. 23rd Mar.. 1887
Complete Left, 22nd Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 17th Feb., 1888
We HEFFORD AINLEY, of Kirkheaton, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire, Manufacturer,
and JAMES HOLLINGWORTH, of Dobcross, in Yorkshire, aforesaid, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention has reference to new and useful improvements for winding warp or
threads in sections or otherwise from a creel of hobbins onto what is commonly called
a "warping mill," which usually consists of a swift or skeleton roller placed sometimes
vertically and sometimes horizontally and rotating in stationary bearings. Hitherto
this class of machine has been employed to wind thread from a creel of bobbins, which
threads have passed through guides commonly called "hecks" and through a reed,
and such threads have been wound upon the "swift" in sections, according to pattern
intended to be woven, such sections being wound upon the said "swift" side by side.
In order to wind such sections upon the swift" side by side in layer upon layer, the
reed has hitherto been made to move endwise, the distance travelled varying
according to section and pattern intended to be woven. This method of moving the
reed latterally has always been unreliable and uncertain, so much so, that the warp
has not been nor could it be wound upon the said "swift" evenly and with that
regularity which is desirable.
To wind the warp upon the said "swift" with exact regularity is the object of our
invention and this we accomplish as follows:-In the first place, we give the "swift"
an end wise movement, in addition to a rotary motion, such endwise movement being
effected by forming a screw thread on the shaft of the "swift" such screw working in
a stationary nut, or the endwise movement of the "swift" may be done by other
well known mechanical equivalents, the distance travelled by the "swift" being
determined according to the length of section being wound upon the said "swift"
and according to the "count" or thickness of thread; a dial or other suitable device
being employed to indicate the length of warp wound upon the said swift.
A reed and guide bobbin are mounted upon suitable framework and they are also
capable of sliding endwise, but not self-actingly, such end wise movement being
performed by the operator after each section has been wound upon the "swift
and in order that the reed may move endwise exactly the same distance as the

page_text: "Swift
23
the reed is mounted upon a dividing screw placed horizontally and cut
with a screw thread of suitable pitch.
In carrying out our invention, we fix on the starting end of the "swift," a
certain number of inclined plates, the angle of which can be adjusted by thumb
screw or other means and before commencing to wind the thread onto the "swift"
these plates are set to the required angle suitable to the thickness and number of threads
being wound upon the "swift." In commencing to wind, the threads are upon the
"swift" on a level plane, but the first layer of such threads leaves one or more
threads on the inclined surfaces, and the next layer of threads also leaves one or
more threads on the inclined surfaces, and this goes on with each succeeding layer
until the whole section of thread is built upon the "swift," the result being that
whilst the upper surface of the nap is level, each side of the section built up, will taper
to the angle of the inclined surfaces and this takes place in consequence of the reed
remaining stationary and the swift advancing latterally, which movement goes on
until the section or that particular part of warp has been wound upon the "swift"
of sufficient length when the "swift" is stopped, and the reed moved forward as
much as the "swift" has advanced, when the "swift" is slided back to its original
position and another section is wound upon the "swift" in an angular form, each
section advancing on the preceding section, in such a regular and uniform manner
that the surface of the warp on the "swift" is even and true.
The "heck" for "leasing" the warp is composed of a suitable number of short
rods placed horizontally, each rod being made with an eye, the arrangement of
threads being such that every alternate thread after passing between two vertical
rods, passes between the said horizontal rods, whilst the other alternate threads pass
through the eyes in the said rods so that when it is required to "lease" the threads,
the "heck" which is placed upon a pivit is caused to ocillate in such manner that
leasing" can be readily and accurately effected.
the "
In order that the ends of the warp when cut off may be securely held together, the
said ends are tied into small knots each knot being passed through a hole made in
a plate of brass or other material, such holes being made with slits somewhat
resembling a keyhole, the said holes being large enough to receive the knot, but
after the said knot has been passed through the said opening, the warp is forced
down the slit and held securily in position, this slotted piece will be found of great
advantage when the warp is wound on the warp beam, as the said piece if made of
metal can be fastened to the canvas usually employed to cover the beam before the
warp put on, and by the application of the slotted piece to the canvas the warp
can be used up when weaving almost to the end, consequently there will not be the
quantity of warp wasted as there is at present.
possesses
In commencing to unwind the warp from the "swift" onto the warp beam, the
said beam does not move latterally but simply revolves, whilst the "swift"
the latteral movement, and all that is required will be for the rotary motion of such
"swift" to be reversed which is done by the action of the beam so that it will unwind
the warp and traverse at the same time, ensuring thereby a firm and level beam.
Instead of winding the warp from the creel onto a swift" as is now the case, and
as is set forth in this specification, we may wind the warp from the creel direct onto
the warp beam, such beam possessing the inclined surface or surfaces and also latteral
movement as is given to the "swift" by which means a considerable saving will be
effected, as the beam so filled with warp can be taken direct to the loom or the
beam so filled with warp may be unwound onto an ordinary plain beam ready for the
loom.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Warping and Beaming Machines.
We, HEFFORD AINLEY, of Kirkheaton, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire, Manufacturer,
and JAMES HOLLINGWORTH, of Dobcross, in Yorkshire, aforesaid, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention has reference to new and useful improvements for winding warp or
threads in sections from a creel of bobbins onto what is commonly called a warping
mill," which usually consists of a swift or skeleton roller placed sometimes vertically
and sometimes horizontally and rotating in stationary bearings. Hitherto this class
of machines has been employed to wind thread from a creel of bobbins, which threads
have passed through guides commonly called "hecks," and through a reed, and such
threads have been wound upon the swift in sections according to pattern intended to
be woven, such sections being wound upon the said swift side by side. In order to
wind such sections upon the swift side by side in layer upon layer, the reed has hitherto
been made to move endwise, the distance travelled varying according to section and
pattern intended to be woven. This method of moving the reed laterally has always
been unreliable and uncertain, so much so, that the warp has not been, nor could it
be wound upon the said swift evenly and with that regularity which is desirable. To
wind the warp upon the said swift with exact regularity is the object of our invention,
which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is end elevation,
and Fig. 2 front elevation of a warping mill constructed and arranged according to
our invention. 1 represents the framework of the machine, which by suitable
pedestals 2 carries a swift 3 attached to a horizontal shaft 4, one end of which has a
attached within the
screwthread 5 formed thereon, working in a stationary nut
pedestal 7, employed for the purpose of giving to the rotary swift an endwise motion
for purposes hereinafter explained. The swift is composed of a number of horizontal
bars 8 onto which the warp is wound. On the right hand end of the horizontal
bars 8 we fix a plate 9 formed of spring steel, the angle of which plate is capable of
adjustment by thumbscrew 10; see Fig. 3, which is an enlarged view of one of the
bars 8 and inclined plate 9. No. 11 (see sheet 4) represents the creel, Fig. 4 being
end elevation and Fig. 5 plan thereof. The yarn to be wound upon the swift comes
from the creel and passes through an adjustable "heck" 12, where the warp is
"leased." This heck is composed of a suitable number of short rods 13 placed
horizontally in the framework, shewn in dotted lines, which rods are made with
an eyelet, the arrangement of the threads being such that every alternate thread
after passing between two vertical rods 14 and 15 in the said heck, passes between
the said horizontal rods, whilst the other alternate threads pass through the eyes
in the horizontal rods 13 so that when it is required to "lease" the threads, the
heck, which is placed upon a pivot, is caused to oscillate in such a manner that
the leasing can be readily and accurately elected. On the warp leaving the heck it

page_text: passes through a reed 16, (see Fig. 1,) and from thence over guide rollers 17
and 18 which revolve loosely upon the stationary rod 19, and finally the warp is
wound upon the swift 3.
The modus operandi is as follows:-Before commencing to wind the thread onto
the swift, the inclined plates 9 are set to the required angle suitable to the thickness
and number of counts of the threads to be wound upon the said swift, and in
commencing to wind, the first layer of the first section of threads is wound upon
the swift on a level plane (see Drawing Fig. 3, where 20 represents the first layer
of the first section of thread) and as the swift revolves the screwed end of its shaft 5
working in the nut 6 causes such swift to advance horizontally in the direction of
the arrow 21, whereupon the first section of thread is wound upon the swift each
layer after the first leaving one or more threads on the inclined plate 9, which when
done the swift stopped and the reed moved forward (in the direction of the
arrow 23-see Fig. 2) exactly as much as the swift has advanced (that is, the width
of the section) as hereinafter described. Before commencing to wind another section
upon the swift, it must be slided back laterally to its first or original position again,
which is done by the atiendant opening the pedestal 7 and working the screw back
to its original position by causing the swift to revolve by his hand. When this is
done another section of warp is wound upon the swift, the first layer of which is
wound upon the bare surface of the horizontal bars 8, but some of the threads of the
second layer will rest upon the first layer 20 of the first section and some of the
threads of the third layer upon layer 22, and so on, in the same manner as in
the case of the first section, each succeeding layer leaving one or more threads on the
inclined plate, and this goes on with each succeeding section, each section advancing
on a preceding section in such a regular and uniform manner that the surface of the
warp on the swift is evenly and truly built up. Whilst the swift moves laterally when
rotating, the reed 16 and guide rollers 17 remain stationary, but when one section of
warp has been wound upon the swift the said swift is put back again to its original
position as explained, but the reed and the guide-rollers are caused to advance as
previously stated in the direction of the arrow, and this is done by the reed being
attached to nuts placed upon the screw 24 carrying a wheel 25 in gear with pinion 26
working on a stud 27 carrying hand wheel 28. The dividing screw 24 is cut with a
screw thread of suitable pitch corresponding to the screw thread 5 which is formed
on the shaft of the swift so that a given number of turns of the hand wheel 28 will
cause the screw to move the reed and bobbin exactly the same distance as the swift
has travelled, so that the winding on of the warp cannot fail to be accurately done.
In order to ascertain the length of each section of the warp wound upon the swift a
dial plate 30 is employed (see plan view Fig. 6 and end view Fig. 7 on sheet 5) upon
which works one end of a pointer 31 working upon a centre 32. A stud 33 on the
screwed end of shaft 5 comes into contact with pointer 31, and as the shaft advances
in the direction of the arrow 21 the stud which is in contact with the pointer 31,
pushes such pointer outwards, the parts being arranged and calculated so that as the
length of warp is taken up by so many revolutions of the swift, the length thereof is
indicated on the dial plate 30. For the purpose of preventing the swift revolving
when the machine is stopped an adjustable brake 34 is fixed upon the shaft 35
carrying a pinion 36 in gear with the spur wheel 37 on the end of the shaft 4, such
brake when required being slackened or tightened by the thumbscrew 38. The
machine is provided with driving pulleys 39 fixed upon shaft 35, which shaft carries a
broad pinion 40 gearing with the spur wheel 41 fixed upon the sliding shaft of the
swift so as to permit the sliding shaft to slide in its bearings and yet not to be
disengaged with the driving pinion 40.
In order that the ends of the warp when cut off may be securely held together, a
number of the loose ends are tied into knots, each end being passed through a hole
made in a piece of leather or other suitable material 42 (see elevation Fig. 8), such
holes being preferably made with slits somewhat resembling a keyhole, as indicated
in Fig. 8, such holes being large enough to receive the knotted ends of the warp, but
after the said knots have been passed through the openings, the warp is forced down the

page_text: slit and held securely in position thereby. This slotted piece may be attached to the
swift as shewn in Fig. 1 and it will also be found of great advantage when the warp is
wound on the weavers beam, as the said piece of slotted leather or metal can be fastened
to the canvas usually employed to cover warp beams before the warp is put on, and by
the application of the slotted piece to the canvas the warp can be woven almost up to
the end, consequently there will not be the quantity of warp wasted that there is at
present.
After the swift has been filled with warp and it is necessary to unwind it onto a
weaver's beam, we place the said beam in stationary bearings as shewn in elevation
Fig. 9, where 43 is the beam supported by its shaft 44 and caused to revolve by
broad pinion wheel 45, which is rotated by spur wheel 46 (see Fig. 1) such
pinion 45 being broad so as to accommodate the apparatus for different lengths of
warp beams; and in order to make the apparatus complete and readily adaptable to
its work, a number of warp mills may be arranged side by side, and a tram line
running parallel with the axis of the swift to receive the waggon or bogey 47
which carries the warp beam 43, whereby the process of warping can be easily
accomplished.
It must be understood that in unwinding the warp from the swift the weaver's
beam does not move laterally, but simply revolves, whilst the swift possesses the
lateral movement, and all that is required will be for the rotary motion of such swift
to be reversed, which is done by the action of the beam pulling the warp off the
swift, causing the said swift to revolve the reverse way to what it did whilst the warp
was being wound thereon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
Firstly. In a warping machine, the combined end wise and rotary motion of the
swift, in manner and for purposes substantially as set forth.
for
Secondly. In a warping mill, the employment of the adjustable inclined plates 9
purposes substantially as set forth in the Specification.
Thirdly. In combination with a laterally moving swift, the reed 16 and guide
pulleys 17, which are also capable of moving laterally when required, in manner
substantially as shown in the Drawings.
Fourthly. In a warping mill, the employment of the leasing heck composed of the
horizontal eyelet rods 13 in combination with the vertical rods 14 and 15, all of
which are mounted in framework capable of moving upon a pivot for purposes
substantially as herein described.
Fifthly. In a warping mill; the employment of the brass or leather plate 41 pro-
vided with slotted holes for receiving the knotted ends of the warp substantially as
herein shewn and described.
Sixthly. The unwinding of the warp on the weaver's beam by the rotation thercof
in combination with a swift moving laterally upon its axis substantially as
described.
Lastly. In a warping mill, the combination and arrangement and adaptation of the
several parts herein described, for winding warp threads upon a swift in a conical
manner whilst the upper surface thereof is parallel to the axis of the swift, substan
tially as described.
0:1 1
1007
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.