Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION AND SURFACE CONDENSATION.”
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Morton, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Brewers' Engineer, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION AND SURFACE CONDENSATION.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1870.
I, ROBERT MORTON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
Brewers' Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION AND SURFACE CONDENSATION," to be as
follows:-
M impraramenta in annamtus for cooling lianide distillation and

page_text: liquid to be cooled instead of flowing under and over each tube of the
series, as described in Letters Patent, No. 939, 1862, already granted to
me, shall flow along each of the spaces or channels between the tubes
consecutively from one end of each channel to the other, passing from
channel to channel through an opening or outlet formed underneath the
end of each tube alternately, thus I form my improved apparatus of a
series of flattened or other tubular surfaces of copper or other suitable
metal arranged horizontally in rows in a suitable frame, with spaces or
channels between each row of tubes. The tubular surfaces are connected
at the ends alternately with hollow caps, so as to form a continuous
channel throughout. The bottom of the apparatus is formed of strips of
copper or other suitable metal or material attached to the bottom of the
tubes, save and except at the end of each tube alternately, where it is
made to fall sufficiently below the tubes to form openings into the
different channels. The liquid to be cooled is conveyed by pipe into one
end of the first channel between the tubular surfaces, it flows along the
said channel to the opposite end, passes out at the opening under the
tubular surface into the next channel, and flows along it to the opposite
end, where it passes into the next channel through the opening under
the divisional tubular surface, and so on, traversing the entire series of
channels between the tubular surfaces in a zig-zag manner to the
opposite end of the apparatus, whence it may be conveyed wherever
required, or vice versa, the liquid to be cooled may flow inside of the
tubular surface, and the cooling liquid outside. Further, I sometimes
attach a second bottom to the apparatus, leaving a space between the
second bottom and the first bottom already named; I divide the space
thus formed into channels by strips fixed thereto, and pass currents of
the cooling liquid through the said channels in addition to those which
I pass through the tubular surfaces.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Morton, Her special licence that I,
the said Robert Morton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Robert Morton, my executors, administrators,.
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and. no others, from time to.
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. APPARATUS FOR.
COOLING LIQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO DISTILLATION.
AND SURFACE CONDENSATION," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Robert Morton, my exccutors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Morton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My improvements in apparatus for cooling liquids, distillation, and
surface condensation, consist in arranging the tubular surface so that
the liquid to be cooled instead of flowing under and over each tube of
the series, as described in Letters Patent No. 939, 1862, already granted;
shall flow along each of the spaces or channels between the tubes.
consecutively from one end of each channel to the other, passing from
channel to channel through an opening or outlet formed underneath
the end of each tube alternately, thus I form my improved apparatus of
a series of flattened or other tubular surfaces of copper or other suitable
5 metal arranged horizontally in rows in a suitable frame with spaces or
channels between each row of tubes. The tubular surfaces are con-
nected at the ends alternately with hollow caps, so as to form a
continuous channel throughout. The bottom of the apparatus is formed

page_text: of strips of copper or other suitable metal or material attached to the
bottom of the tubes, save and except at the end of each tube alternately,
where it is made to fall sufficiently below the tubes to form openings
into the different channels. The liquid to be cooled is conveyed by pipe
into one end of the first channel between the tubular surfaces, it flows
along the said channel to the opposite end, passes out at the opening
under the tubular surface into the next channel, and flows along it to
the opposite end, where it passes into the next channel through the
opening under the divisional tubular surface, and so on, traversing the
entire series of channels between the tubular surfaces in a zig-zag
manner to the opposite end of the apparatus, whence it may be conveyed
wherever required, or vice versa, the liquid to be cooled may flow inside
of the tubular surface, and the cooling liquid outside. Further I some-
times attach a second bottom to the apparatus, leaving a space between
the second bottom and the first bottom already named; I divide the space
thus formed into channels by strips fixed thereto, and pass currents of
the cooling liquid through the said channels in addition to those which
pass through the tubular surfaces.
I
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood and
readily carried into practice, I shall now proceed to describe the several
illustrative Figures on the Sheet of Drawings accompanying this
Specification.
Figure 1 is an isometrical view, and Fig. 2 a transverse section of my
improved refrigerator or apparatus for cooling; a, a, are the tubular
ways; b, b, spaces or channels between them; c, second bottom,
divided into channels c¹, c¹, by strips; d, d, moveable caps, (one of
which is shewn removed at d,) covering the tubular ways a, a, and
channels c³, c', underneath, by means of these caps d, d, the tubular
ways and channels are connected alternately at each end in such manner
as to form a continuous passage throughout the whole of the tubular
ways a, a, and channels c¹, c¹; e, e, openings underneath the ends of
the tubular ways alternately, by which a continuous communication
is formed between the several spaces or channels between the tubular
ways. The wort or liquid to be cooled enters the trough f by means
of the tube g, and flows through the opening e' underneath the tubular
way a¹ into the channel b¹, thence to 6" through the opening e¹¹ under-
neath the tubular way a¹¹, and so on throughout the whole series of
channels, as indicated by the arrows through the regulating valve i

page_text: into the trough j, and thence through the outlet k. The water or other
cooling fluid flows through the tubular ways a, a, entering by means of
the pipe 1, and after traversing through the whole series, as indicated by
the arrows, passes out through the tube m. There is likewise a current
of water or other cooling fluid caused to flow through the channels c², c¹;
entering through the tube n it traverses throughout the several channels
finally escaping out at o; or vice versa the liquid to be cooled may be
caused to flow inside of the several tubular ways a, a, and channels c¹, c',
whilst the cooling fluid is caused to flow throughout the several spaces
or channels b, b. And this form of application I use for surface
condensation and distillation.
Figures 3 and 4 are transverse sections on a larger scale shewing more
distinctly the constructional arrangement. Fig. 3, a, a, are the tubular
ways; b, b, the spaces or channels between; c¹, c¹, channelled ways
underneath. Fig. 4 is the same as Fig. 3, save and except that the
channelled ways c¹, c', are dispensed with; a, a, are the tubular ways,
b, b, the spaces or channels between.
Figure 5 shews another form of sectional tube. In Figures 1, 2, 3,
& 4 I use a flattened tube comprised of several divisional sections, as
illustrated by a, a, in Figs. 3 and 4; or I use a flat tube formed in
divisional sections of round tubés, as shewn Fig. 5.
Having now particularly ascertained and described the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried out into practice, I may observe in conclusion that I do not
restrict myself to the exact details or other arrangements which are
herein-described, but that which I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly. The arrangement and combination of flattened or other
sectional form of flattened tube, for the purpose of cooling liquids by
causing them to flow in the spaces or channels between the several
tubular ways, whilst the cooling fluid flows inside the several tubular
ways or channels in the manner and for the purpose as herein described
and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3 & 4 of the Drawings accompanying this
Specification.
Secondly. The arrangement and combination of flattened or other
sectional form of flattened tube for the purpose of cooling liquids or
for surface condensation and distillation by causing the liquid or vapor

page_text: to flow inside of the tubular ways or channels whilst the cooling fluid
flows in the several channels between the tubular ways, in the manner
and for the purpose as herein-described and set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3,
& 4 of the Drawings hereunto attached to this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Morton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
ROBERT MORTON. (L.S.)