Year: 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 1st day of October 1887, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
I, JOSEPH MONIER of 23 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of pipes, tanks or other vessels consisting
of a carcase of iron to give the necessary strength, filled in and faced with cement to
give the required form and smoothness and to preserve the iron against oxidation.
The carcase consists of iron bars or rods twined helically round a mould and interlocked
with longitudinal bars or rods. There may be several sets of the helical and of the
longitudinal ribs, according to the strength required. When a round pipe has to be
formed, a framing consisting of end discs with longitudinal wood bars connecting
them is employed as a mandril on which to twine the helical bars and lay the longitudinal
ribs, and this framing is made in two cylindrical segments hinged together at a point
in the circumference and kept out to cylindrical form by a key segment. After the
carcase is framed together on this mandril, the key segment is removed, and then the
two hinged segments being folded together can be removed from within the carcase.
In a similar manner, when tanks or other vessels have to be manufactured, a suitable
frame is made on which the carcase of ribs is formed.
The carcase being thus formed is placed in a mould, which is made in parts that can
be separated, and is provided with a core also made in separate parts. The carcase
being placed in the mould, cement is run in so as to fill up the space between the
mould and the core enclosing the carcase within the body of cement. When a round
pipe or vessel is thus formed, the core should be made to turn or slide a little so as to
detach itself from the cement surrounding it and smooth its surface.
The cement may be variously composed; a good composition consists of two parts
of cement to one part of sand and one part of pulverised iron scale.

page_text: Tanks, or other Vessels.
I, JOSEPH MONIER of 23 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus for the manufacture of pipes, tanks or other
vessels consisting of a carcase of irons to give the necessary strength filled in and
faced with cement to give the required form and smoothness and to preserve the iron
against oxidation. The carcase consists of iron bars or rods twined helically round a
mould and interlocked with longitudinal bars or rods. There may be several sets of
the helical and of the longitudinal ribs, according to the strength required. When a
round pipe has to be formed, a framing consisting of end discs with longitudinal
wood bars connecting them is employed as a mandril on which to twine the helical
bars and lay the longitudinal ribs, and this framing is made in two cylindrical
segments hinged together at a point in the circumference and kept out to cylindrical
form by a key segment. After the carcase is framed together on this mandril, the key
segment is removed, and then the two hinged segments being folded together can be
removed from within the carcase. In a similar manner, when tanks or other vessels
have to be manufactured, a suitable frame is made on which the carcase of ribs is
formed.
The carcase being thus formed is placed in a mould, which is made in parts that can
be separated, and is provided with a core also made in separate parts. The carcase
being placed in the mould, cement is run in so as to fill up the space between the
mould and the core enclosing the carcase within the body of cement. When a round
pipe or vessel is thus formed, the core should be made to turn or slide a little so as to
detach itself from the cement surrounding it and smooth its surface.
The cement may be variously composed; a good composition consists of two parts of
cement to one part of sand and one part of pulverised iron scale.
Figs. 1 and 2 of sheet I of the drawings shew an elevation and cross section of the
iron carcase for forming a cylindrical tube or pipe.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew the same views of a tube or pipe of oval section.
Fig. 5 shews the carcase for a bend; the construction is the same in all cases,
consisting of a helically bent rod A of any desired length, sufficient for at least
several convolutions. Each coil is then tied by means of wire to a series of longitudinal
bars or rods B of a length corresponding to that of the pipe to be formed, and which
may be placed either internally or externally of the coil. A second helical coil C is
then fixed in the same manner to the longitudinal bars, on the side thereof opposite
that on which is the first coil, so that the longitudinal bars are enclosed between the
two. If necessary, a second set of longitudinal rods may also be added inside the
inner coil or outside the outer one, for imparting additional strength to the pipe. For
pipes requiring little strength, a single helical coil and single set of longitudinal rods
of smaller section may be used.

page_text: The various parts of the pipe that require to be of varying strength, as for instance
the bends, tee, breeches, or branched pipes may be constructed either with the coils and
longitudinal rods closer together or by forming them of larger sections.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 shew respectively a front view, a vertical section and a sectional
plan of a construction of carcase in which there are four longitudinal bars A with four
helical coils B. Figs. 9, 10 and 11 shew respectively a front view in perspective, a
vertical section and a sectional plan in which there are five longitudinal bars A and six
helical coils B, suitable for very strong pipes.
The several parts of the carcase are tied together by means of iron binding wire at
any desired part of the structure.
Figs. 14 and 15 shew respectively a perspective view and a section of a cylindrical
pipe partly provided with its covering and partly shewing the carcase; this consists of
three sets of longitudinal bars A and four helical coils B. Figs. 16 and 17 shew an
elevation and a cross section of the carcase of a pipe with a socket this pipe being
suited for low pressure. In this case there are three helical coils and two sets of
longitudinal bars placed between the coils.
Figs. 12 and 13 shew an elevation and a horizontal section of the carcase of a
rectangular tank in which a single set of longitudinal bars A is placed between two
coils B.
Figs. 18 to 21 shew the construction of mandril or mould for forming the above
described carcase for tubes. Fig. 18 shews a side view, Fig. 19 shews a front end
view, Fig. 20 a cross section and Fig. 21 a back end view. The mould consists of two
parts FF connected by a hinged joint at o; the outer portion of each part consists of
bars of wood C fixed on wooden sectors D so as to give generally the configuration of
the pipe of which the carcase is to be formed. A moveable key E constructed in a
similar manner, complete the mould and holds the two parts F F¹ firmly by means of
curved half round iron irons, of which one G is fixed to the key E and the other G¹ to
the one part F of the mould.
The iron G has two openings in which are studs H fixed to the two parts F F¹ of
the mould, and which are held in position by cotters J. The iron G' fixed to F has
two notches into which enter tenons projecting from the back end of the moveable
key E.
These three parts together form the complete mould which is mounted on an
axis K by which it may be rotated by means of the crank handle L. A kind of
nipper M fixed on one of the crowns of the mould receives the end of the rod or wire
for the helical coil which is then wound upon the mould; the several convolutions of
the coil are connected together by longitudinal bars, and this operation is repeated if
necessary several times according to the strength required to be imparted to the
carcase.
The carcase having been completed, it is removed from the mould for which purpose
the cotters J which hold the studs H are removed after which the key E is withdrawn ;
on removing the cotters N of the studs the cross bars P can be folded back and the
two parts FF of the mould can be moved towards each other turning upon the
hinge o as shewn in Fig. 22. The mould is kept in this position by means of catches Q.
The carcase can then be readily removed after which it is placed in a mould for
encasing it in a coating of cement.
Figs. 23 and 24 shew respectively a vertical section and a horizontal section of a
nould R formed in two parts connected by bolts R' and enclosing the carcase S of
cylindrical reservoir. Within the carcase is placed a mandril or core T so as to leave
only an annular space in the mould of width corresponding to the thickness of the
cement walls of the reservoir. The mould is slightly tapered toward the lower part.
When the cement has solidified sufficiently, the two parts of the mould are removed,
while the core, shewn in Figs. 25, 26, 27 and 28, is taken to pieces as follows. It is
omposed of two curved faces t t connected by hinges and held in position by a
noveable key 2. When it is to be removed from the moulded object, the key t² is first
emoved after having disengaged it from the two parts t t by turning the twin buckler
which keeps the key 2 in position. The bolt s is then placed in position, it having a
crew thread formed on one end, while the other end is formed as a hook which enters

page_text: the plate of one of the faces t while the screwed end passes between the prongs of a
forks situated in the plate of the other face t¹. On tightening the nut s², the two
parts of the core are made to approach each other, so as to remove them from the
cement surface. The nut V of the bolt V₁ fixed to the bottom plate V2, is unscrewed
thereby removing this plate, and the several parts of the core can then be successively
removed.
Figs. 29 30 and 31 shew a longitudinal section, a plan and a cross section of a
mould for casting horizontal pipes. It consists of three or four parts UU U connected
by hinges u and capable of being separated from each other; between their upper ends
is an opening in the form of a funnel through which the cement is poured.
A mandril V is placed in this mould and is maintained in the axial position by two
collars of wood or caoutchouc, which may form part of either the mould or the
mandril, or they may be separate from both.
The mandril V has a handle X by means of which a slight rotary to and fro motion
can be imparted to it in order to separate it from the cement and to render the surface
of the latter smooth. A scraper shewn at Fig. 32 is passed along the upper mouth of
the closed mould, for removing any excess of cement run in and thus completing the
moulding of the pipe.
When the cement has hardened, the mould is opened and the several parts are
separated from each other, and after removing the collars v, the mandril V is taken out.
Fig. 33 shews a longitudinal section of an apparatus for casting the pipes in an
upright position.
The carcase is placed in a mould Y and is kept in a central position by an iron or
wood mandril Z which is capable of longitudinal but not of rotary motion. A second
mandril Z is introduced into the mould from the lower end and follows the motion of
the upper one but it can also be slightly rotated by a handle a.
When the cement is run into the mould, the mandril Z is raised which gradually
releases the carcase in the mould and draws after it the second mandril Z which in
rising pushes the cement in front of it and towards the sides so that the cement coating
is reduced to the required thickness. The mandril Z¹ is turned somewhat from time to
time so as to detach the cement. When it arrives at the top of the carcase the pipe will
be completed and can then be removed from the mould.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I make no
claim is :-
1. The hereindescribed for the manufacture of composite iron and cement pipes,
tanks and other vessels, consisting of a metal carcase or framework coated internally
and externally with a cement that is made to penetrate into the interstices of the
carcase so as to form a solid structure therewith, but what I claim is :-
2. The use for carrying out the manufacture of composite articles such as is are
above referred to in the preceding claim, of apparatus arranged and operating sub-
stantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
ADEL & IMRAT,
Agents for the Applicant.