MENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR DRYING WOOL, YARN, OR OTHER MATERIAL "
Year: 1875

page_text: "IMPROVE-
LETTERS PATENT to John Howarth, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Superintendent of Baths, for the Invention of
MENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING
BUILDINGS, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR DRYING WOOL, YARN, OR
OTHER MATERIAL
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Howarth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1875.
I, JOHN HOWARTH, of Bradford, in the County of York, Superintendent
of Baths, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOT-AIR STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING
BUILDINGS, WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR DRYING WOOL, YARN, OR OTHER
MATERIAL," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to constructing stoves of wrought iron made
with a fire chamber, in which is fitted a fire-place lined with fire-
bricks.

page_text: The fire-bars are made moveable so that one-half of the bars can
either be drawn out or one end let down into the ash place, the other
end working on a pivot. When the alternate bars are drawn out or
lowered an instrument can be used to remove the clinkers or dead fire;
the bars are then replaced and held in position by means of a catcli; the
fire is then replenished. The smoke pipe is fitted in the top of the fire-
chamber, and round the fire-chamber is fitted a casing, leaving a space
forming a hot-air chamber. The bottom of the stove under the ash
plate is open for the admission of atmospheric air, which may come from
the cellar underneath or through pipes from any other cold place. The
cold air coming in contact with the fire-chamber becomes heated and
passes on through pipes so arranged that two or three rooms can be
heated at the same time. A wrought-iron casting is also fitted over the
smoke pipe leaving a space between the pipe and the casing for the
passage of atmospheric air, which cold air comes through a pipe fitted to
the casing. The cold air coming in contact with the heat of the smoke
pipe becomes heated and is used to heat the room or rooms; dampers are
fitted to the stove to regulate the fire and make it burn quickly or
slowly, so that when once set properly going it requires very little
attention.
The stove is an efficient ventilator both in winter and summer on
account of the cold air coming from the cellar or. any other cool place
and travelling through the air spaces will in summer materially modify
the temperature.
For heating large buildings and for drying wool, yarn, or other
material, my apparatus is formed of a fire-place made of bricks, having
all the fire-bricks facing the fire with their ends towards the fire, and
the interstices of each course filled up with fire-clay mortar. When the
fire has been made and the bricks and fire-clay.. become intensly, hot,
the whole mass of bricks and mortar fuses together and forms one
substance. On the top of the brickwork where the flames and smoke
rise I place a collar or tube of fire-clay, either in one piece or in sections,
clamped together with iron rims. The collar or tube is about three
inches thick and passes inside a wrought-iron cylinder keeping the
flames from the iron. The whole of the top of the brickwork is covered
with a wrought-iron plate in which is an opening to receive the collar
or tube. In the opening is rivitted a ring forming an expansion joint,
allowing the edge of the rim of the covering plate to meet the edge of

page_text: the rim of the cylinder. The wrought-iron cylinder is made long and
may be made the height of the building, and on the top is fitted another
expansion joint in which fits the smoke pipe; this pipe is made of any
required length and passes to the chimney. The fire smoke and heat
coming from the fire-place enter the cylinder, pass on through the 'smoko
pipe or pipes. Round the cylinder is formed a casing of brickwork or
wrought iron, leaving a space between the cylinder and casing, forming a
hot-air chamber, and over the smoke pipe is fitted also a wrought-iron
casing, also forming a hot air chamber. A blower or fan is employod
with this apparatus, forcing a cold blast of atmospheric air to pass in.
the air spaces of the smoke pipe and cylinder, or of the cylinder and
smoke pipe. This cold blast coming in contact with the heated pipes
and cylinder produces a strong current of hot air which is forced through
pipes into the building, heating and ventilating it..
+
Pipes are fitted to the hot-air chambers leading to roonis or to
apparatus for drying wool, or yarn, or any other suitable material.
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Howarth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th July 1875.
: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HOWARTH, of Bradford, in the County. of York, Superintendent of
Baths, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign,. did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Howarth, Her special
licence that I, the said John Howarth; my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Howarth, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and, lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
:.

page_text: c
IN HOT-AIR STOVES AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS,
WHICH APPARATUS MAY BE USED FOR DRYING WOOL, YARN, OR OTHER MATERIAL,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Howarth,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next, and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW. YE, that I, the said John Howarth, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto
annexed, and to the figures and letters marked, thereon, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to constructing stoves of wrought iron made
with a fire-chamber, in which is fitted a fire-place lined with fire-
bricks.
The fire-bars are made movable; one-half of the bars can either be
drawn out or one end let down into the ash place, the other end working.
on a pivot. When the alternate bars are drawn out or lowered an
instrument can be used to remove the clinkers or dead fire; the bars aro
then replaced and held in position by means of a catch, and the fire is
replenished. The smoke pipe is fitted in the top of the fire-chamber, and
round the fire-chamber is fitted a casing leaving a space forming a hot-
"air chamber. The bottom of the stove under the ash plate is open for
the admission of atmospheric air, which may come from the cellar under-
neath or through pipes from any other cold place. The cold air coming
in contact with the fire-chamber becomes heated and passes on through
pipes so arranged that two or three rooms can be heated at the same
time. A wrought-iron casing is also fitted over the smoke pipe, leaving
a space between the pipe and the casing for atmospheric air to travel
'through, which cold air comes through a pipe fitted to the casing. The
cold air coming in contact with the heated smoke pipe becomes heated,
and is used to heat the room or rooms; dampers are fitted to the stove
to regulate the fire and make it burn quick or slow, so that when once
set properly going it requires very little attention.

page_text: The stove is an efficient ventilator both in winter and summer, the
cold air coming from the cellar or any other cool place and travelling
through the air spaces will in summer materially modify the
temperature.
mass.
For heating large buildings and for drying wool, yarn, or other
material, my improved apparatus is formed of a fire-place made of bricks,
having all the fire-bricks facing the fire with their ends towards the fire,
and filling up the interstices of each course with fire-clay mortar. When
the fire has been lighted and the bricks and fire-clay become intensly
hot, the whole of the bricks and mortar fuse together and form one
On the top of the brickwork where the flames and smoke rise I
place a collar or tube of firc-clay, either in one piece or in sections,
clamped together with iron rims. The collar or tube is about three
inches thick and passed inside a wrought-iron cylinder keeping the
flames from the iron. The whole of the top of the brickwork is covered
with a wrought-iron plate in which is an opening to receive the collar or
tube. In the opening is rivitted a ring forming an expansion joint,
allowing the edge of the rim of the covering plate to meet the edge of
the rim of the cylinder. The wrought-iron cylinder is made long and
may be made the height of the building, and on the top is fitted another
expansion joint in which fits the smoke pipe; this pipe is made of any
required length and passes to the chimney. The fire smoke and heat
coming from the fire-place enter the cylinder and pass on through the
smoke pipe or pipes. Round the cylinder is formed a casing of brick-
work or wrought iron, leaving a space between the cylinder and casing,
forming a hot-air chamber, and over the smoke pipe is fitted also a
wrought-iron casing, also forming a. hot-air chamber. A blower or fan
is employed with this apparatus, forcing a cold blast of atmospheric air
to pass in the air spaces of the smoke pipe and cylinder, or of the cylinder
and smoke pipe. This cold blast coming in contact with the heated pipes
and cylinder produces a strong current of hot air which is forced through
pipes into the building, heating and ventilating it.
.
Pipes are fitted to the hot-air chambers leading to rooms or apparatus
for drying wool or yarn, or other suitable material. .
But to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed
to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in
which Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of a wrought-iron squaro
stove; Figure 2, sectional plan through the line A, B,
:

page_text: stove, and Figure 4, a sectional plan through the line C, D, of same.
Figure 5 represents an elevation of the movable fire-bars, and
Figure 6, bottom plan of the same.
Figure 7. represents a heating apparatus for large .buildings..
Figure 8 represents clamps used to keep the joints of the pipes from
moving sideways:
A fire-chamber in which is fitted a fire-place B, lined with fire-
bricks C. The fire-bars are constructed, one-half fixed D and the other
half movable E which can be let down into the ash place F, and work
on a bolt G fitted to the framework H of the fire-bars. The movable
bars E are actuated by a roller I fitted in a slide J, which works in
guides K formed on the framework H. By pulling the slide J the
roller I is forced forward, relcasing the movable bars E, which fall into
the bottom of the ash place F, leaving spaces to remove the clinkers or
dead fire. An instrument can be used for that purpose. The bars are
replaced and held in position by pushing the roller back again. Round
the fire-chamber A is fitted a casing L, leaving spaces M forming a hot-
air chamber. The bottom of the stove under the ash plate N is open
for the admission of atmospheric air, which may come from the cellar
underneath or through pipes from any other cold place. The cold air
passes through openings O formed in the ash plate N, and coming in
contact with the fire-chamber A becomes heated and passes on through
pipes P and Q, Figure 1, and R, S, and T, Figure 3; these pipes form a
casing to the smoke pipes U and V; and the air coming in contact with
the heated smoke pipe becomes heated and is used to heat the rooni or
rooms, so that two or three rooms can be heated at the same time. The
pipes P, Q, Figure 1, and R, S, and T, Figure 3, leave spaces W between
the pipes and casing for atmospheric air to pass through, which air
comes through a pipe X fitted to thic casing P, Figure 1, and R, Figuro 3.
Dampers Y are fitted in the pipes to close the hot-air chambers when
required, and dampers are fitted in the stove to regulate the fire and
make it burn quick or slow, so that when once set properly in action it
requires very little attention. Z, hot air pipe fitted with a gratę Z', for
the escape of the heated air in a room above, 4¹, fire-door, and B¹, door
for removing the ashes.

page_text: For heating large buildings and for drying wool or yarn, I employ an
apparatus Figure 7, having a fire-place C made of bricks, having all the
fire-bricks D₁ facing the fire with their ends towards the fire, and filling
up. the interstices of each course with fire-clay mortar. When the fire
has been lighted and the bricks and fire-clay become intensley hot,
the whole of bricks and mortar fuse together and form one mass.
On the top of the brickwork where the flames and smoke rise, I place a
collar or tube of fire-clay E¹ either in one piece or in sections clamped
together with an iron rim F¹; the collar or tube is about three inches
thick and passes: inside a wrought-iron cylinder G¹ keeping the flames
from the iron. The whole of the top of the brickwork is covered with a
wrought-iron plate H¹ in which is an opening to receive the collar
or tube 1, which is rivitted on the plate H' forming an expansion joint,
and allowing the edge of the rim of the pipe J! to meet the top of the
covering plate H'. The wrought-iron cylinder G₁ is-made long and may
be made the height of the building, and on the top is fitted an expansion
joint K¹ which fits the pipe L' of the smoke pipe M¹; this pipe or these
pipes are made of any required length and pass to the chimney. The
fire, smoke, and heat coming from the fire-place enter the cylinder, pass
on through the smoke pipes or pipe. Round the cylinder is formed a
casing of brickwork N', or it may be of wrought iron, leaving a space O¹
between the cylinder and casing forming a hot-air chamber, and over the
smoke pipe or pipes is fitted a wrought-iron casing Q, also forming a hot-
air chamber. R. A blower or fan is employed with this apparatus forcing
a cold blast of atmospheric air to pass into the air spaces through the
opening S¹. The cold blast coming in contact with the heated cylinder
and pipes produces a strong current of hot air which is forced through
pipes into the building, heating and ventilating it. T₁, door to clean out
the smoke pipe M¹.
་
Pipes are fitted to the hot air chambers leading to rooms or apparatus
for drying wool or yarn.
Figure 8 represents clamps made of wrought iron which are rivetted
on the end of every pipe by means of the lugs U¹; the ends of tho
clamps V slide one over the other; one is made with a stud W¹ fitted to
it, the other with a slot hole X', thereby allowing for the expansion of
the pipes and preventing the joints from moving sideways.
Having thus described my improvements and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it

page_text: understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown and
described, as they may be varied without departing from the peculiar
character of the Invention, but what I do claim is,-`
Firstly. The general arrangement and construction of hot-air stoves,
substantially as herein-before described and represented in Figures 1 to 6 t
of the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The construction of apparatus for heating large buildings,
and the use of a blower or fan for forcing a cold blast of atmospheric air
to pass into the air spaces and smoke pipe or pipes, substantially as
described and represented in Figure 7 of the Drawing annexed.
2
In witness whereof, I, the said John Howarth, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.
]
Witness,
WALTER JAS. Turner, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
JOHN HOWARTH. (L.S.)