IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPARATION OF DRYING OILS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, MILES WILLIAMS of the Britannia Varnish Works, Number 111 Millgate
Wigan in the County of Lancaster Varnish Manufacturer do hereby declare the.
nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND PREPARATION
OF DRYING OILS, to be as follows:-
"
The principal Oils now in use for paints and Varnishes are those of Linseed,
Poppy, Walnut and Hempseed. These drying Oils are apt to undergo important
chemical changes.-When freely exposed to the air they obsorb oxygen and if
spread out thinly over a large surface they become converted into a peculiarly
tough Varnish, the "medium" of ordinary Oil paints These changes are not due
to impurities but depend upon the composition of the pure Oil. The best Linseed
Oil is typical of drying Oils and contains about 82 per cent of "linoxine" or
"linolein." This "linolein" differs very much from Steame and palmitime, the solid
constituents of the fatty oils inasmuch as it is a resin or gum resin They drying
properties of these are increased by boiling with oxides which separates the Oleic
or other fatty acids from the Oil by combustion with the oxide to form insoluble
soap (oxide of lead is generally used forming a lead soap) and by the partial or
total decomposition and evaparation of the Glycerine.-Impure Oils turn rancid
and sufficiently acid to redden litimus paper. This change is due to the foreign
vegatable or animal matter which act as firments and these effect decomposition.
"
The object of this Invention is to form a drying oil "medium" for paints &c
directly from a resin or Gum resin containing no animal matter or Glycerine and
the minimum foreign vegatable matter and being almost a pure " linoxure or
Gum resin having similar properties to linoxure obtained from Linseed Oil as before
described This oil is obtained by the distillation of Colophany or resin proper
being the solid residue obtained by the distillation of the Oleo and commercially
known as Resin Oil.-This product is manufactured in the following manner.-The
resin is introduced into an Iron still and heated up to 315°-320° F the spirits
pyroligneous acid and water pass over at first and the evaporation is continued until
the resin appears to be comparatively exhausted of Spirits.-The temperature is
then raised considerably when the resin Boils and crude resin oil distills over.―
I now take this oil and if required very pale rectify it by redistillation or treat it
as it is by introducing it again into the still, heat is up to 300° F (higher or lower

page_text: if necessary) keeping it at that temperature for at least 10 hours or until every
particle of Spirits, pyroligneous acid and water are expelled.-I then introduce a
suitable dryer preferably the oxides and other compounds of lead and manganese in
variable quantities according to the required drying qualities of the Oil.-The
resulting Oil is transparent free from bloom having good drying properties forming
a hard tough glossy surface which does not contract or break in drying.—It will
mix in any proportions with other and ordinary boiled and drying Oils and forms
alone or when thus mixed an excellent medium for pigments. It is soluble in
temperature and is a good solvent for gum resin or varnish gums.-It is free from
acid and does not become rancid and is manufactured without nuisance and
comparatively safe from danger of fire.
This oil or medium so manufactured by me may be used for any of the purposes
for which ordinary Linseed or other boiled Oils.
Doted this 1at doy of Tanum 1001.

page_text: I MILES WILLIAMS of Britannia Varnish Works 111 Millgate Wigan and
47 Edge Lane Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Varnish Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND PREPARATION OF DRYING OILS and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The principal Oils now in use for paints and Varnishes are those of Linseed,
Poppy Seed, Walnut and Hempseed These drying Oils are apt to undergo
important Chemical changes when freely exposed to the air they absorb Oxygen
and if spread out thinly over a large surface they become converted into a
particularly tough Varnish the Medium of ordinary Oil paints
These changes
are not due to impurities but depend upon the Composition of the Oil. The best
Linseed oil is typical of drying Oils and contains about 82 per cent of "Linoxine"
or Linolein. This Linolein differs very much from Stearine and palmitine, the
solid constituents of the fatty Oils inasmuch as it is a resin or gum resin The
drying properties of these are increased by boiling with oxides which separate the
Oleic or other fatty acids from the oil by combination with the oxide to form
insoluble soaps (oxide of lead is generally used, forming a bad Soap) and by the
partial or total decomposition and evaporation of the Glycerine: Impure Oils
turn rancid and sufficiently Acid to redden litmus paper This change is due to
the foreign vegetable or animal matter which act as ferments and thus effect
decomposition.
The object of this invention is to form a drying oil "Medium for paints &c
directly from a resin or gun resin containing no Animal matter or Glycerine and
the minimum foreign vegetable matter and being almost a pure "linoxine" or gum
resin having Similar properties to "linoxine " or linolein" obtained from linseed
oil as before described This oil is obtained by the distillation of Colophany or
resin proper (being the solid residue obtained by the distillation of Turpentine and
Commercially known as resin or resin Oil. This product is manufactured in the
following manner The resin is introdued into an iron still having a suitable worm
or Condenser and heated up to 315° to 320° F by direct fire or steam.
The spirits
pyroligneous acid and water pass over at first and the evaporation is continued
until the resin appears to be comparatively exhausted of spirits. The temperature
is then raised considerably when the resin boils and crude resin Oil distils over
I now take this oil and if required very pale rectify it by redistillation or treat it
as it is by introducing it again into the still one or more times and heat it up to
300° F (higher or lower if necessary) keeping it at that temperature for about
10 hours more or less or until every particle of Spirits, pyroligneous Acid and
water are expelled I then introduce to the Oil a suitable dryer preferably the
oxides and other compounds of lead and manganese in variable quantities according
to the required drying qualities of the Oil together with or without water or steam
& in the presence of hot or cold air whilst mixing The resulting oil is transparent
free from bloom having good drying properties. Sweet smell and forming a hard
tough glossy surface which when dry does not contract or break.
any proportions with other and ordinary boiled and drying oils and forms alone or
when thus mixed an excellent medium for pigments. It is soluble in turpentine
and is a good solvent for gum resin or varnish gums It is free from Acid and does
not become rancid and is manufactured without nuisance or injury to health and
It will mix in

page_text: comparatively safe from danger of fire This Oil or medium so manufactured by me
may be used for any of the purposes for which ordinary linseed or other boiled
Oils and as a substitute for Cod Oil for tanning leather vegetable or other oils for
Blacking making, Ship use and other purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A. Drying Oil manufactured from Colophany or resin free from acidity and
not liable to become rancid.
2. A. Clear bright transparent Sweet Oil free from residue.
3. A painters medium suitable also for tanning &c leather and blacking making
and other similar purposes.
4. The manufacture of drying or boiled oil containing no fatty acids, stearine
palmitine or Glycerine.
5. The use of hot or cold air with or without dryers to boil, oxidise or clarify
the oil and the carrying out of the above objects substantially in the manner and
for the purposes hereinbefore particularly set out.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1884.