matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING LEAKAGE AND OF SAVING VESSELS WHICH HAVE SUFFERED FRACTURE FROM COLLISION, SHOT, RAM, OR OTHER CASUALTY."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Damer at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1878.
WILLIAM JAMES DAMER, of 170, Sumner Road, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MEANS OF STOPPING LEAKAGE AND OF
SAVING VESSELS WHICH HAVE SUFFERED FRACTURE FROM COLLISION, SHOT, RAM,
OR OTHER CASUALTY."
A screen or curtain of waterproof canvas or other material wound round and
attached at one end to a heavy roller of rigid material, to the ends of which lines
are made fast; the other end of the screen or curtain to be made fast to some part
of the injured vessel above the injured part. By paying out the lines at ends of
roller the curtain unrolls over the injured part. To secure the lower end of screen
shackles are put on to ends of roiler, from which shackles a loop line hangs. To
this loop line is made fast a running line with travelling, weight or artificial diver
on it, which running line is carried round bow or stern, the artificial diver taking
it under keel, and made fast on other side of vessel.
MAKING WOODEN HOOPS FROM ASH AND OTHER TREES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Birdsall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1878.
THOMAS BIRDSALL, of Elders Street, Scarborough, in the County of York, Willow
Merchant MAKING WOODEN HOOPS FROM ASH AND OTHER TREES."
"
After the tree has been cut down I cut it up into the lengths required for tho
hoop; I afterwards remove the bark and then beat the several parts or lengths of
the tree with a hammer or other instrument until one or more of the layers or
growths of the tree become loose or detached. I then remove such layer or layers
and again beat the said lengths or parts of the tree until one or more other layers
or growths become loose or detached, which I also then remove. I repeat the
process until all the layers or growths of the respective parts or lengths of the tree
are loosened and removed. I then cut up the several layers or growths of the
tree which have been so detached and removed into the widths required for the
hoop.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOCK BOLTS AND NUTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1878. A com-
munication from abroad by Virgil L'Eplattinaire, of the City, County, and
State of New York.
**
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engincer and British and Foreign Patent Agent. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOCK BOLTS AND NUTS." A communication from
abroad by Virgil L'Eplattinaire, of the City, County, and State of New York.
This Invention has for its object the construction of a bolt and nut that will cost
little or no more than ordinary bolts and nuts, and will lock at any point in the
length of the screw. It consists in making the nut with a projecting rim round the
hole on its upper side, and the bolt with a longitudinal groove, rolled, stamped, or
cut in it on its side.
To lock the nut when it is screwed tight home place a punch against the
projecting rim where it covers the groove, and with a hammer punch the rim down
into the groove, thus effectually locking the nut..
Should the nut require loosening a curve-pointed or gouge-shaped punch inserted
into the groove will free it with one stroke of the hammer, and the nut being again
tightened can be again locked at the part of its circumference now opposite the
groove as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING WATCHES, PURSES, POCKET Books, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN THE POCKETS OF GARMENTS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES OR PLACES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1878. A communication from
abroad by Julius Friedländer, of Charlottenburg, near Berlin, Prussia.
"
WILLIAM STONE, of 15, Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING WATCHES, PURSES, POCKET Books, OR
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES IN THE POCKETS OF GARMENTS OR OTHER RECEPTACLES OR
PLACES." [A communication from abroad by Julius Friedländer, of Charlottenburg,
near Berlin, Prussia.]
This Invention relates to means and apparatus for securing watches, purses,
pocket books, or other similar articles in the pockets of garments or other
receptacles or places intended chiefly as security against pickpockets.
This Invention consists principally of a safety hook, the tongue of which is secured
by an inclined plane, and is or can be fitted or provided with a disc of round, flat,
or other convenient form, which can be sewed, screwed, or otherwise secured to the
garment or other desired place of attachment, which said disc is or can be provided
with a pin which will receive, firstly, a lever shutting and opening the hook; and
secondly, on a collar a second disc, so that this latter can be turned on the first disc;
this second disc is provided with an inclined plane on one side and opposite with a
stud.
In carrying into effect my Invention, for instance, in securing a watch against
pickpockets, the ring of the watch is placed into the hook, and the disc with the
inclined plane is turned under the lever by means of the stud, so that the inclined
plane forces the lever up, thereby shutting the book tightly so that the abstraction
of the watch therefrom is quite impossible.
To free the watch from the safety apparatus above described, it is necessary to

page_text: turn back the revolving disc and free the lever from the inclined plane, which can
now be pushed back to open the hook.
This Invention can be applied to securing purses, pocket books, and the like
articles by providing the said articles with a ring or other similar or suitable con-
trivance, which can be inserted in the safety hook in the same manner as is done
with the ring of a watch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND SOLITAIRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1878.
LAURENTIUS ANDREAS WALDEMAR LUND, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS AND SOLITAIRES."
This Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in the production
or manufacture of studs and solitaires whereby such articles can be produced of a
more solid and durable form than hitherto and at a much less cost.
The main body of my improved stud or solitaire I make in the ordinary way, but
instead of making it of the ordinary metal or other composite material I make it of
solid nickel, as I have found that nickel will not tarnish and will not injuriously
affect or mark the linen or other similar fabric or material in which the stud or
solitaire is placed, which injury the ordinary metallic stud or solitaire has been found
to occasion.
The surface of the exposed head or top of the stud or solitaire I cover with a
plating of gold, which may be either plain or engraved or ornamented with enamel
or precious stones or other ornaments, and in order to prevent the gold plating or
cover from indenting in wear I make the interior of the head of the stud or solitaire
either of the same shape as the cover or cap or else I run a sufficient quantity of
solder inside the gold cover or cap to cause it to be and remain solid and
durable.
The cover or cap I propose to fix onto the head or top of the stud or solitaire either
by "spinning" it over the bead or top or by soldering the same to the nickel body
or by both means if found necessary. In this way I produce or make an improved
stud or solitaire of much more solidity and durability than one made entirely of gold
would possess, and at a considerably diminished cost.
A NEW OR IMPROVED VALVE FOR MAKING CONNECTIONS TO WATER AND GAS MAINS UNDER PRESSURE, AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kinch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1878.
"A NEW OR
IMPROVED VALVE FOR MAKING CONNECTIONS TO WATER AND GAS MAINS UNDER
PRESSURE, AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME."
THOMAS KINCH, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster.
This Invention consists in the use and application of a ball valve to the purpose
of making a connection (for instance, in connecting the service pipes) to a gas or
water main whilst under pressure, and with that class of apparatus known as
Penney's Patent, No 101, A.D. 1878, or other like apparatus.
In performing my Invention I employ a screwed spigot terminating in a valve
chamber, which is arranged to contain a loose ball made of gutta percha, india-
rubber, or other suitable material. This valve closes self-actingly against a seating
by the pressure of the gas or water, and so acts as a valve, and such valve chamber.
is provided with a union joint.
This Invention further relates to a novel method of opening such ball valve
against the pressure, and in the act of connecting the service pipe to the valve
chamber, and consists in prolonging the "ground in" nose of the male portion of the
union (the tail of which is connected to the lead or other service pipe in the ordinary
manner) so as to project through the seating of such valve into the valve chamber,
such prolongation being perforated or formed with passages therein to allow the gas
or water to pass through, and terminating by preference in a shallow cup or
socket which is designed to force the ball off its seating as the union joint is
being screwed together, and thus to open a thoroughfare between the main and
service pipe.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING HOUSEHOLD FIRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Earp at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1878.
ABRAHAM EARP, of No. 6, Terrace Street, Wednesbury, in the County of
Stafford. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING HOUSEHOLD FIRES."
The purpose of this Invention is to light coal or other fires by the use of
petroleum, paraffin, kerosene, rock oil, naptha, or other spirit, or any other com-
bustible oil or hydrocarbon, without the aid of wood, paper, shavings, or other
material commonly used, and that by a simple, durable, and inexpensive apparatus.
The said Invention consists of a trough of any suitable size or shape having a
holo or holes through the centre, and through which atmospheric air may pass so
as to effect a more complete combustion of the oil or other combustible used.
The trough is loosely filled with asbestos or other suitable non-combustible
material, over which is placed a network of coarse metallic or other suitable
material, to prevent injury to the non-combustible and porous substance or sub-
stances used.
I pour oil or any of the other combustibles on the porous material in the trough,
and place the instrument in the grate and ignite in the ordinary manner. I mako
the instrument about four inches in diameter and about the same length, but I may
make it any length, size, or shape, and I affix a handle in any convenient manner.
I make the instrument in iron, but do not confine myself thereto, I may use any
other suitable material such as fire-clay moulded into the desired shape and size,
and glazed on the outside with any suitable glaze which will serve as a vessel to
contain the oil or other combustibles used. I make a hole or holes through the
centre and deep hollows in the clay, in which I place the asbestos or other non-
combustible material. I place a band of iron or wire around the fire-clay vessel
or trough, and closing the two ends of the iron or wire together I make a handle
of it.
WINDOW SASH FASTENER."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Verrall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1878.
EDWARD VERRALL, of Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex.
WINDOW SASH FASTENER."
"AN IMPROVED
The object of this Invention is to construct a secure, simple, and useful window sash
fastener, which cannot be opened from without, except by breaking the window,
but can easily be opened from within. For this purpose I fit the sole plate of the
fastener on the inner sash with a spring, the free end of which, when the arm or
handle has passed over it and is in the closed position, springs up and abuts against
the side of the arm; the latter has its fulcrum on the other or outer sole plate; this
spring thus keeps the arm from being forced back. By depressing the spring, say,
by the first finger, the arm is unlocked, and can, say, by the thumb, be pushed over
the spring, and the fastener opened. When closing the fastener the arm depresses
the spring, and passes over it.
A spring may be applied for throwing the arm fully back against a flange or peg
on the sole plate on the outer sash.
Iм- PROVED AXLE SAFETY CLIP OR FASTENER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Middleton Pratt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1878.
MIDDLETON PRATT, of 23, Rood Lane, in the City of London, Engineer. "Iм-
PROVED AXLE SAFETY CLIP OR FASTENER."
'The object of my Invention is to substitute for the methods of attachments of con-
necting rods, revolving valves, covers, pins, hub covers, drums, or any article
revolving on an axle, or in which an axle may revolve, an improved safety clip or
fastener consisting of a ring or rings of any suitable material, which shall lie equally
in two opposite grooves, one in each of the articles to be secured together.
In the case of ordinary axles of any description I use my safety clip in the first
instance to secure the wheel to the axle by the circular spring clip or clips, one part
of which is let into a groove in the axle and the other part into a corresponding and
opposite groove in the hub. I further attach both a cover and bush or bushes to
the said axle if desired by the same description of fastening.
As applicable to drums or ordinary pulleys I can secure them in place on the
shaft, allowing them utmost facility to turn upon the shaft by the same description
of clip or fastening.
In the case of connecting or coupling rods of any description, these rods may be
put into their place sideways upon crank pins or stud axis on which they have to
work, and can then be absolutely secured in place without pins, bolts, set screws,
or any of the means usually employed by fitting one or more of my safety clips in
two corresponding circular grooves of the said rods, bushes, or axes.
In the case of eccentric sheaves and connecting rods I use a projecting lip or ring
made with the eccentric tumbler or crank, so that I can use a segment of the cir-
cumference for bearing surface only, or a whole ring as desired. The projecting lip
ensures that the sheaf or rod cannot leave the pin or axis. The sheaf or rod is
slipped in sidewards under this projecting lip and then prevented from shifting
again by the use of one or more of my safety clips fitting into two opposite grooves
in the revolving faces as before described.

page_text: In putting the said rods, covers, or before described articles on to their respective
axes the safety clip retires completely and without trouble into one of the grooves,
springing out and engaging into the other groove when in juxta position. When
any of the above described articles secured by my safety clip have to be removed,
the said clip must be compressed or expanded completely into one of the said grooves
by a suitable tool used by the workmen when the rod, sheaf, cover, wheel, or other
article may be easily withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CHARGING VESSELS WITH LIQUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1878.
ARTHUR TAYLOR, of No. 9, Oswald Terrace, Nunhead, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CHARGING VESSELS WITH
LIQUIDS."
The fixing of a pipe in the mouth or spout to supply air to the interior of the
vessel, the top of which is closed, so that when the discharged liquid reaches the
pipe the flow is stopped by reason of the supply of air being thereby cut off.
The accompanying Drawing is a representation of my Invention.
"A" and "B" represent the air tube; "C" air-tight stopper; "D," rest for
spout.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAINING LANDS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.”
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1878.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of Tranmere, in the County of Chester, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAINING LANDS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.”
This Invention consists essentially in an improved mode of draining lands on the
syphon principle, and in apparatus therefor.
It consists in driving tube wells at regular intervals into the marsh or other land
to be drained with the perforations of said tube wells below the level of the outfall
hereafter described. These wells are all joined at the surface, or if desirable below
the surface, to borizontal main pipes, and these main pipes all lead to the outfall
pipe which opens into the outfall pond or basin.
An air pump is attached to the outfall pipe to clear it of air.
The mode of action is as follows:-The outfall pond being at a level above the
perforations of the tube wells, these tube wells cannot suck in air, but drain
the land on the syphon principle through the pipes to a level with the outfall
pond.
The outfall pipe dipping into the pond kept at a certain level cannot suck in air
and empty.
If air or gases gradually enter the pipes a small rise of the air pump occasionally
puts the cyphons in action; the advantages are that no drains or ditches need be
dug (unless very shallow ones to hides the main pipes), the wells can be driven at
once to a considerable depth, and thus give deep drainage at slight expense;
and no heavy outfall drain need be dug as the outfall pipes can be led off to a
fall.
The junctions between the wells and the mains can be at right angles, and a
cap be bolted on so that cleaning rods can be inserted at intervals and any silt
cleaned out,
If the swamp sinks the wells can be driven deeper instead of, as at Chat Moss,

page_text: where every few years the surface is brought down to near the level of the drains,
and the drain pipes have to be entirely relaid.
In lands embanked from the sea and the like, the outfall pond can be a well for
pumping from, or the pumps can pump if desirable from the pipes themselves by
arranging a governor on the pump, regulated by the pressure in the pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BESSEMER CONVERTERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1878.
SIDNEY GILCHRIST THOMAS, of 3, Queen's Road Villas, Queen's Road, Battersea,
in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BESSEMER CONVERTERS."
My improvements consist in making the twyers and bottoms and sometimes the
entire lining of Bessemer converters of nearly pure silica in the form of sandstone,
sand, or gannister, the particles of silica being cemented together by means of a
solution of alkaline silicate (preferably silicate of soda), sometimes with the addition
of a little fire-clay.
_To_make_twyers. I take a nearly-pure-silicous sandstone or gannister ground to
powder, or pure silicous sand; I mix it intimately (in a mortar mill or otherwise) with
a solution of silicate of soda (preferably that kind known as neutral silicate) some.
times adding a little fire-clay; I then ram a portion of the damp mass thus produced
into a twyer mould of the ordinary construction. The rods which form the blast
passages are however placed in position in the mould before the material is
introduced. The material is then rammed round the rods till the mould is filled.
The ramming may be conveniently effected by a strong plate loosely fitting the
mould, with perforations through which the rods or prongs can pass freely. This
plate is fixed to a suitable handle and apparatus for applying pressure.
When the rammed silicious material has set sufficiently, the rods are withdrawn
and the moulds removed. The twyer is then dried and fired; I use a similar but
thinner mixture as a slurry and as a cement when silica bricks are used for
linings.
Instead of making each twyer separately the whole bottom may be made of such
a mixture as above described, rammed tightly round a number of slightly tapered
rods equal in number and diameter to the desired number of blast passages; this is
of course most easily done when a dry bottom is used.
When separate twyers are not used the bottom plate is perforated with a number
of holes corresponding and equal in number to the blast passages, and into each of
these holes I prefer that there should be a short length of metal pipe driven, passing

page_text: a short distance into the corresponding blast passage. In this way the blast is led
well into the several blast passages, I do not in any way claim the mere device of
dispensing with separate twyers and substituting perforated bottoms, as this has
been proposed before.
The twyers or perforated bottoms made as above described will be found to last 5
much longer than the fire-clay twyers now used.
The same mixture of silica and silicate of soda is an excellent one to ram bottoms
of converters with, and may also be used as a lining to ram the whole of the vessel
with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TYRES TO RAILWAY AND OTHER WHEELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Longsdon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th August 1878. A communication from
abroad by Alfred Krupp, of Essen, in the Empire of Germany, Cast Steel
Manufacturer.
ALFRED LONGSDON, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Civil
Engincer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TYRES TO RAILWAY AND OTHER
WHEELS." (A communication from abroad by Alfred Krupp, of Essen, in tho
Empire of Germany, Cast Steel Manufacturer.)
The object of this Invention is to afford effective and efficient means for securing
tyres to their wheels, and for preventing them from becoming loose and slipping off
even in the event of the tyre breaking.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, the inner or flange side of the
wheel is provided with a hook-shaped ring, which grips or fits into the tyre, and
the outer or opposite side with a projecting rim or ring formed on or secured to
the said wheel, and rivetted over on to the tyre; and a screwed bolt or bolts is or
are passed in a slanting direction through the flange of wheel and enters the tyre.
By the combination of the rivetted ring and the inclined screw bolts a double
guarantee against the tyre becoming loose is obtained.
The rivetted ring may either be at the wheel body or it may be a separate ring
piece gripping with a projecting portion into the body of the wheel.
The arrangement where the wheel body is itself rivetted is particularly applicable
for new wrought-iron wheels; when a separate wrought-iron ring is shrunk on it
is particularly applicable for old wrought-iron wheels receiving new tyres. For cast
steel wheels the wrought-iron shrunk ring is first applied to the tyre, as it is
difficult to rivet the wheel body itself.
Sometimes the hooked ring on the wheel body is made as a separate ring piece,
shrunk on in a similar manner to the separate rivetting ring; or according to
another arrangement instead of the rivetted ring the tyre itself at the outside is
provided with a hook-shaped ring, which clips the wheel, and the inclined bolt

page_text: prevents lateral motion of the tyre. This arrangement is safe, but more expensive
than the others, and it is particularly applicable to locomotive wheels.
The following are some of the advantages of this Invention :-
The hooked ring being on the flanged side the tyre can be worn to a minimum.
The rivetted ring provents the tyre from slipping out of the ring hook.
The screw bolts are intended for the same purpose and also prevent the tyre
slipping round the wheel, and being inclined, the shearing resistance is thereby
increased.
These inclined screw bolts are or would be chiefly called into use when the tyre
is broken in such manner that the escape of the tyre from the ring hook is next to
impossible, or if the tyre should be widened on the rivetted ring side.
The rivetting may in both cases be made at the wheel body or to a separate ring,
and the hook-shaped ring may in both cases be made as a separate ring pieco
containing the hook-shaped projection.
The Invention is applicable to existing wheels as well as to new.
PROVEMENTS IN JACQUARDS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Flather at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1878.
ABRAHAM FLATHER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Jacquard Maker.
PROVEMENTS IN JACQUARDS FOR WEAVING."
"IM-
The object of this Invention is to arrange the jacquard machine for regulating
the warp in the loom in such a manner that the apparatus will work either healds
or harness, and a considerable amount of the designer's time now expended in
draughting the pattern and card cutting is saved.
I accomplish my object in the following manner :-I arrange the framework of
the apparatus, and fix the same over the loom in the usual manner; in this frame-
work I mount a series of needles, according to the requirements of the pattern to
be woven, the number of needles and uprights I can arrange in my apparatus is
seventy-two or thereabouts; these needles are actuated by the card cylinder in the
same manner as an ordinary jacquard; the needles are formed with a number of
eyes that are in connection with a number of uprights, which are so arranged with
regard to the lengths and pitch they are set apart in the framework, that the
apparatus can regulate either healds or harness and weave three-fourths of the
patterns that can be woven by the use of an ordinary jacquard machine, containing
304 needles and uprights; thus by the use of the jacquard with my novel arrange-
ment of the needles and uprights, a great amount of time is saved in draughting
the piece and arranging the cards, the number of which are in proportion to the
number of needles and uprights that are used for the figure of the pattern in the
piece that is being woven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE DESKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Justus Engels at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1878. (A communica-
tion from abroad by Richard Bithorn, in the City of Görlitz, Germany.)
CARL HEINRICH JUSTUS ENGELS, of the Firm of Charles Engels, in the City of
Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE DESKS." (A communica-
tion from abroad by Richard Bithorn, in the City of Görlitz, Germany.)
This desk is specially constructed for children, and consists of a book shelf, a table,
seat, footstool, and cupboard combined, and connected to a frame.
The seat is adjustable in height by means of a spring catch engaging a rack
fastened to the connection piece of seat and frame.
The footstool is likewise adjustable in height corresponding to the size of the
person.
To the sides of the frame and to the inner ends of the cupboard, racks are attached,
of which those fastened to the frame rest against springs and allow of removing or
shifting the foot board from one position to another.
The table plate can be shifted forward and backward within certain limits, to
draw it closer to the seat or to remove it from the same, according to circumstances,
and to accommodate it to the person.
When the table plate is pulled out in the direction toward the seat it is more
comfortable for writing, and in this case it uncovers at the top end an inkstand and
other necessaries for writing purposes.
The cupboard is arranged beneath the seat, and the doors or drawers are in the
back of the seat.
The book shelf is in front of the table. The whole desk rests upon two cross
timbers, and is transportable. Hooks and a lamp may be fastened to the sides or in
front of the sideboards, as may be found convenient.
AND APPERTAINING TO TROWSERS AND THEIR POCKETS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Tait at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1878.
ANDREW TAIT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
AND APPERTAINING TO TROWSERS AND THEIR POCKETS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to a novel construction of the sides of the waist of men's
trowsers or pantaloons, whereby a secret or safety pocket is constructed on one or
both sides of the waist of the said trowsers or pantaloons, and at the same time a
great improvement is made in the fitting of the trowser by the "cramping" or
gathering in being performed at the sides of the waist instead of at the back
thereof.
In carrying out my Invention I construct each side of the waist of men's trowsers
or pantaloons with a flap which extends from the side seam of the trowser to about
the front bracer button. This flap comes above and behind the ordinary or usual
pocket, and serves to conceal and secure a second pocket, which I term the secret
or safety pocket. The flap is provided with a button hole which buttons on the
side bracer button, and the end of the flap is provided with a buckle which is used
in connection with a small side strap extending from the back of the trowser on
each side to meet the flap, so that when such strap is tightened a cramping or
gathering in at the side and over the hips takes place, thus avoiding the unsightly
gathering in of the posterior or seat of the trowsers caused by the use of a strap at
the back thereof.
Trowsers constructed according to my Invention are especially adapted for men
requiring secret or safety pockets for carrying valuables, also are very superior in
appearance and fit in consequence of the cramping or gathering in taking place at
the sides and over the hips instead of at the back. By the cramping or gathering
in taking place at the sides a great improvement in the appearance of the trowser
takes place, a saving of cloth is effected, and the cutting out of the trowsers is
simplified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PICKLING AND WASHING METAL PLATES OR OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Phillip Jenkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1878.
"
JOHN PHILLIP JENKINS, of Charles Pit Yard, in the Parish of Llansamlet, in the
County of Glamorgan. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE
EMPLOYED IN PICKLING AND WASHING METAL PLATES OR OTHER METALLIC
ARTICLES."
•
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of machinery or
apparatus for pickling and washing a large number of iron or steel plates
preparatory to submitting them to what is known as the tinning process.
According to my Invention I provide a rectangular double frame made of gun
metal or other suitable material, with pockets of various sizes suitable for reception
of iron, steel, or other metal plates; I suspend this frame containing the plates to
the jib of a hydraulic crane by which the frame and plates are lowered into
copper or lead tank, provided with the necessary quantity of acid as is well
known.
a
Vertical motion is imparted to the frame by means of suitable cams placed
underneath, the cams being placed in such a position that one portion of the double
frame ascends, and the other portion descends simultaneously after the plates placed
in the frame have been sufficiently subjected to the action of acid upon their surface
in the acid bath, the hydraulic crane subsequently lifts the frames, and places them
in a bath of water where I again cause the frames to ascend and descend by means
of suitable cams, until any excess of acid which might remain on the plates after
the removal of the frames from the acid bath is removed.
My arrangements provide for the use in combination of an acid bath, and a water
bath, and three double frames, the practical operation being that the frames first
loaded with plates are lifted by hydraulic motion into the acid bath, and after
being there dipped a sufficient number of times to give the necessary action of acid
on the plates, are continued on by hydraulic motion to the water bath, where the
frames are again made to ascend and descend by the action of cams, and the frames
are again lifted by hydraulic motion and moved away to a place where they are
Drina 271

page_text: discharged, so that in ordinary use whilst one double frame is being loaded or
unloaded, another frame is being dipped in the acid bath, and another in the water
bath.
This Invention is also applicable to the treatment of the surfaces of various other
metallic articles, such as cast or wrought iron, previous to being subjected to what
is known as the galvanizing process.
CONTRIVANCE TO BE EMPLOYED AS A TOY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prosper Desirè Touffet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1878.
PROSPER DESIRE TOUFFET, of Lyon (Rhone), Manufacturer.
CONTRIVANCE TO BE EMPLOYED AS A TOY."
"AN IMPROVED
My Invention consists in a combination of three keys or objects of like form,
two larger keys having their eyes connected together by a short double cord, looped
through the key eyes, and a smaller key, for which a ring might be substituted,
suspended on the connecting rod. The combination constitutes a puzzle toy, the
problem presented by it being to separate the threo objects without cutting or
untying the connecting cord, or having separated the objects to connect them
again.
The eye of one of the larger keys is made sufficiently large to allow the other
key to pass through it, and the eye of the latter to allow the small key or ring to
pass through it. By opening the loop of the connecting cord, and passing first
the small key or ring through the one key eye, and then passing that key eye over
the other key eye, the three objects can be separated, and by operating in the
inverse order they can again be connected.
PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Beard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1878.
JACOB BEARD, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex.
PIPES FOR SMOKING TOBACCO OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in pipes for smoking tobacco by
so arranging the passage from the bowl of the pipe as to prevent the nicotine or
tobacco juice from passing from the bowl into the mouth of the smoker. For this
purpose I form a nipple or projection at the bottom of the bowl of a tobacco pipe,
through which the passage for the smoke passes downwards and then curves
upwards on one side nearly to the top of the bowl, where the passage then enters
the stem of the pipe, which may be made in one piece, either of clay, meeṛchaum,
wood, or other suitable material.
Around the nipple at the bottom of the bowl a channel is formed in which the
juice of the tobacco collects, and is thus prevented from passing to the mouth of
the smoker.
At the bottom of the curved. passage below the bowl a plug may be inserted to
afford convenience for cleaning.
By arranging the stem near to the top of the bowl, the latter will be so balanced
in the land or mouth of the smoker as to keep it in a proper position with the
mouth of the bowl uppermost. .
IMPROVEMENTS INHALERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1878. A communication
from abroad by Lucius Ely Felton and Silas Addison Felton, both of Potsdam,
State of New York, United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
INHALERS." A communication from abroad by Lucius Ely Felton and Silas Addison
Felton, both of Potsdam, State of New York, United States of America.
The improvements consist in furnishing receptacles which may in themselves be
of any convenient size and shape, with a moveable inner receptacle, furnished with
a tubular neck supported in any convenient manner by the stopper of the main
receptacle or other contrivance through which it is passed, said inner receptacle
being also furnished with two tubes, an upper or air tube communicating with the
external air passing through and supported in the tubular neck in any convenient
way, and a lower tube passing through the bottom of the inner receptacle, and com-
municating with the fluid in the main receptacle, and extending upwards into the
inner receptacle; and in supplying a tube fitted with any convenient flexible or
other arrangement by which the inhalation is to be performed, and passing such
tube into and through the stopper aforesaid.
The apparatus can be made of glass, or earthenware, or other convenient material,
and can be used by placing acid in the inner receptacle, placing an ammoniacal
solution in the main receptacle; then by suction upon the tube with flexible mouth-
piece, or by blowing upon the air tube, the acid and ammonia vapors combine in the
main receptacle and thus form nascent chloride, or muriate of ammonium for inha-
lation other materials may be used.
WATER-PROOF APRONS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hall Greenleaves at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1878.
ROBERT HALL GREENLEAVES, of the City of Manchester.
WATER-PROOF APRONS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is so to improve the manufacture of water-proof
aprons that any liquid falling upon them shall not run off such articles and spoil
another portion of the wearer's dress. Now this Invention consists in combining a
water-proof apron with an outer covering by preference of a woollen nature (although
other textile material might be employed), and which outer covering serves to
absorb and retain any liquid falling upon it. In carrying out my Invention I
prefer to have the outer covering detachable from the water-proof apron, and to be
secured thereto by buttons or other convenient fastenings at the waist band or any
other convenient part. This improved apron serves for nursing purposes, and also
for protecting the dress of the wearer when bathing children.
PROVEMENTS IN PAVING BRICKS, BLOCKS, OR SLABS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Baggeley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1878.
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist.
PROVEMENTS IN PAVING BRICKS, BLOCKS, OR SLABS."
"IM-
This Invention relates to a peculiar manufacture of paving bricks, blocks, or
slabs, and has for its object the obtainment of a harder and more durable brick,
impervious also to moisture.
In carrying out my said Invention I grind or otherwise reduce to a fine state of
division the following ingredients or their chemical equivalents in or about the
proportions herein-after given, that is to say :-
1 part by weight of corkstone.
وو
دو
1
"
"
""
"
5 parts.
"
""
60
"
"
"
"
"
"
1 part
"
"
"
20
what is commonly known as "chemical waste."
Welsh spar.
chalk.
fire clay or pipe clay.
tinkle.
The above ingredients having been well pulverized and thoroughly mixed
together are reduced either to a plastic or to a slightly moist condition by the
addition thereto of sufficient water according to the required condition of the mass.
This mass is then to be shaped into paving bricks, blocks, or slabs by the aid of
moulds of any desired form and pressure, as is well understood in the manufacture
of ordinary building bricks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND INHALING OXYGEN AND MEDICAL VAPOURS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Roby at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 1st June 1878.
GEORGE ROBY, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND INHALING OXYGEN AND
MEDICAL VAPOURS."
This Invention is designed to improve the ordinary apparatus for generating and
inhaling oxygen or other gases or vapours.
It consists,―
First. In partially diluting the oxygen or other vapours with air while they are
being breathed..
2nd. In arranging the retort so that it can be cleaned and repaired much easier
than is generally the case.
3rd. In simple, cheap, and effective mechanism.
In using the ordinary conical flat based retort I make the bottom a thick disc,
removable at pleasure; this can be done by screwing it on, bolting, or clamping it
to flanges or projections on the cone or nozzlo, or any other mode found most
desirable, the main points being to make the joint air-tight, and capable of being
easily opened and closed. The gas proceeds from the retort through the cooler in
the usual manner to the inhaling tube direct, instead of to a bag. This inhaling
tube, beside the mouth-piece, has a communication with the atmosphere, preferably
outside the sick room, so as to draw fresh air in, and thus breathe oxygen diluted
with fresh air, instead of the concentrated gas. By this means the retort will
supply at the time of inhaling sufficient gas for one person, the requisite volume
being made up of air.
To this inhaling tube other tubes can be fixed, if desirable, for inhaling medical
vapours.
The ingress of oxygen, or vapours, or of the air can be regulated by valves or
cocks if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NICKEL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1878.
WILLIAM SCOTT, of Angel Court, Throgmorton Street, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NICKEL."
My Invention consists of an improvement in the manufacture of nickel, so as to
render it capable of being hammered, rolled, and drawn into wire.
Heretofore there has been considerable difficulty in producing sheets of nickel ; in
fact such an article is only to be obtained commercially in form of cast plates.
The metal known in the market as sheet nickel or nickel silver being an alloy
composed of different proportions of nickel, copper, and zinc.
To obtain pure nickel sheets I take cast nickel as prepared in the usual way
from the ore, and fuse it in a crucible containing manganese oxide mixed with
powdered charcoal at the bottom, on which the metal is placed and covered
completely with powdered charcoal.
This crucible I place in a furnace capable of producing a temperature sufficient
to fuse the nickel and keep it above the melting point for some time after fusion,
to enable the manganese and the oxygen to react upon the nickel, this time
varying with the amount and condition of the charge.
Another agent that I use in rendering the nickel malleable is tungsten oxide
mixed with charcoal as in the case of manganese oxide.
After these reductions in the crucible the liquid metal may now be poured
into ingots in the usual manner, which may then be worked under the hammer,
rolled, or drawn into wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Cesar Frederick
Franklin at th Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August
1878.
ALEXANDER CESAR FREDERICK FRANKLIN, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES."
This Invention relates to safety valves used for the purpose of allowing the
escape of steam or other fluid under pressure when such pressure exceeds a certain
defined limit; and it has for its objects improved methods of constructing and
arranging such valves by which the pressure of the steam or other fluid is made
itself to operate upon the valve in place of the weights or springs used with safety
valves as ordinarily constructed.
I arrange two valves one above the other, and fitted into corresponding seats, so
as to be steam-tight. The upper valve.is of larger area than the lower one, and
the two are connected together either by being formed in one piece, or by means
of one or more connecting spindles or bars. The steam or other fluid under pressure
is admitted into the space between the two valves, and suitable apertures for its
escape when the valves are raised are made above the upper or larger valve, and
below the lower or smaller valve.
The two valves connected together and arranged as described are held down in
their seats by means of one or more weights or springs, with or without the inter-
vention of a lever.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The steam or other fluid pressing
upon the lower side of the upper valve, and upon the upper side of the lower valve,
exerts a force tending to lift the valves, and proportionate to the difference in area
of the two valves, and a small weight or spring only is required to resist such
pressure, the remainder of the force required being obtained from the pressure of
the steam upon the upper surface of the lower valve.
When the pressure of the steam is sufficient to overcome the force of the weight

page_text: or spring the valves rise, and a large area of escape is provided for the superfluous
steam.
The action of the valves arranged as described may be reversed and applied to
the prevention of priming or the escape of water, together with the steam from
steam boilers by closing when the difference becomes too great between the pressure
of the steam in the boiler and in the pipe or engine to which it is supplied.
The valves arranged as described may be kept in their seats by means of a piston
actuated by the pressure of steam or air instead of by a weight or spring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ELECTRICITY, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO THE ELECTRIC LIGHT, AND TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Auckland Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1878.
ARTHUR AUCKLAND COCHRANE, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING ELECTRICITY, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO
THE ELECTRIC LIGHT, AND TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the utilization of the electricity developed by the
heating and vaporization of liquids or fluids for producing electric light, telegraphic
communication, mechanical power, electro-plating, manufacture of ozone, and for
other purposes to which electricity is applicable when produced as above mentioned,
and which has not heretofore been usefully applied. It is known that electricity
can be developed by the vaporization of liquids or gases, or by heating of liquids
or gases.
I propose to apply the same methods, such as those in use for utilizing electricity
obtained by using steam power to drive machinery in order to develope the electricity
by magnets or otherwise. purpose to obtain electricity without such machinery,
and any reasonable number of lights from one source.
The electric generators
which I employ are vessels or articles in which water or other liquids, steam or
other vapours of liquids or gases may be heated or generated. Such generators
must be electrically insulated from the earth, as should also the conductors used for
conveying the electricity so obtained.
I also purpose to accumulate electricity generated as above set forth in vessels
analogous to gasometers constructed on the principle of Leyden jars, and to utilize
the electricities so obtained.
With a view to regulate the intensity of the electric current through metallic
conductors, I in some cases modify or diminish the conductivity of such conductors.