Condensers, and other like Apparatus.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1887
Complete Left, 16th Apr:, 1888
Complete Accepted, 8th June, 1888
"
Condensers, and other like Apparatus.
1 SAMUEL EARNSHAW HOWELL of Brook Steel Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in forming upon one or both ends of metallic tubes
such as are used in the construction of Tubular Boilers, Surface Condensers, and
other like apparatus in which tubes are used, a covering or sleeve of any suitable
ductile metal, such as copper or brass or aluminium, the object of the invention being
to reduce to a minimum the damage to the tube plate caused by the action of the
expansion and pressure of the harder metal of the tube when it is being secured in
the tube plate, and if desirable to enable the ordinary ferrule to be dispensed with.
In carrying my invention into practice, to form a copper sleeve upon the end
of a steel tube such as are used in the construction of Locomotive Boilers for
example, I first reduce the end of the tube to any desired diameter, either by com-
pression between suitable tools, or by cutting away the metal, or by any other
process; for example the end of a. tube of two inches diameter might be reduced
one eighth of an inch in diameter, for a distance of three inches from the end.
Upon the reduced end of the tube above described I draw (by the usual process
of passing it through a drawplate) a tubulous washer or sleeve of copper, preferably
reducing it to the original diameter of the tube, and so that it completely covers the
said reduced part and abuts against the shoulder upon the pipe, caused by the
difference in diameter.
Thus the tube is retained of one diameter from end to end, and the operation of
'drawing" causes the copper sleeve to be compressed upon the tube, and to grip the
same with great power.

page_text: Although I have described that I do by preference reduce the end of the tube on
which it is proposed to put the sleeve, I may if preferred leave the tube parallel,
or for some purposes it may be enlarged at the end; the end may also be tapered
from the end, or otherwise shaped, or roughened so as to render it impossible for
the sleeve to be drawn off.
Also instead of, or in conjunction with the process of drawing, the said sleeves
may be secured in place by expanding the tube from the inside by any suitable
means.

page_text: Surface
Condensers, and other like Apparatus.
I, SAMUEL EARNSHAW HOWELL of Brook Steel Works, Sheffield in the County of
York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly describe and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
This invention consists in forming upon one or both ends of metallic tubes, (such
for example as those used in the construction of Tubular Steam Boilers, Surface
Condensers, and other like apparatus in which tubes are used,) a covering or sleeve
of any suitable ductile metal, such as, Copper, Brass or Aluminium, the object of the
invention being to avoid damaging the tube-plate, and in some cases to dispense with
the use of the ordinary ferrule.
The annexed Sheet of Drawings will clearly illustrate my invention, and similar
letters of reference will indicate similar parts in any of the figures in which they
occur.
Fig. 1, is the end portion of a tube, shown partly in section, provided with a
sleeve of ductile metal, and end view of same.
Fig. 2, sectional view of end of tube, with the sleeve of larger diameter than the
tube.
Fig. 3, sectional view of end of tube with an enlarged diameter ; and sleeve
thereon.
Fig. 4, sectional view of tube with a reduced tapered end, and provided with a
sleeve.
In carrying my invention into practice in forming a copper sleeve upon the end of
a steel tube, such for example as are used in the construction of Locomotive steam
Boilers, and as shown in Fig. 1, I reduce the end of the tube A, as regards its
diameter, either by compression between rolls, dies or in other suitable tools, or by
cutting away some portion of the outside metal, leaving such reduced part either
smooth and parallel upon its surface or corrugated, or otherwise roughened as may be
preferred; such reduced part marked B, is shown plain or smooth in the drawing.
Upon the end so reduced and having a shoulder C at the junction of the two
diameters, I draw (by the ordinary process of passing it through a drawplate) a
tubular washer D or short piece of tube, compressing it closely upon, and consoli-
dating it with, the steel tube, so that there is practically a perfect joint between the
sleeve and the tube, absolutely steam-tight; caulking not being requisite or
necessary.
Although I prefer to reduce the end of the tube so as to form a shoulder for the
ductile metal sleeve to abut against, I may leave the tube parallel, and draw the
sleeve upon it as shown in Fig. 2, or for some purposes I enlarge the end of
the tube as shown in Fig. 3.

page_text: Fig. 4, illustrates a method of rendering it absolutely impossible for the drawn
sleeve to move longitudinally from any cause whatever; the end of the tube is
reduced in a tapered form, increasing in diameter towards its extreme end, and the
copper sleeve D, is drawn upon such tapered part as shown, this combination of
"drawing" with a tapered end prevents any sliding movement of the sleeve upon
the tube, that might otherwise result from expansion and contraction from heat.
I am aware that it is not broadly new to provide the ends of such tubes with
external covers of ductile metal, and therefore I hereby disclaim such broad idea,
but in the methods as at present used it is possible for the steam or water to percolate
between the sleeve and the tube, and corrosion would be the result; my improved sleeve
is drawn "in situ," and is thus not only shrunk upon, but is consolidated with the
tube, so that practically there is a perfect joint between the sleeve and the tube,
absolutely steam tight, rendering caulking unnecessary.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The combination with metallic tubes for steam boilers and other like apparatus,
of a sleeve of ductile metal drawn upon the tube, for the purpose specified, and
substantially as described and shown.
2. A metallic tube for steam boilers, and other like apparatus, constructed with a
reduced end and provided with a drawn sleeve of ductile metal fast on said reduced
end, and consolidated with the tube, substantially as hereinbefore specified.
3. A metallic tube for, steam boilers and other like apparatus, constructed with a
non-cylindrical or tapered end, and provided with a ductile metal sleeve drawn fast
on said tapered end and consolidated with the metal of the tube as hereinbefore
specified for the purposes set forth.