CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING MACHINERY
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
POTTER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of Sep-
tember, in the thirteenth year of Her reign, and in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said James Potter, my exors, admors,
and assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said James Potter, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Potter, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING MACHINERY;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said James
Potter, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in, and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Potter, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My Invention of improvements in machinery for spinning and doubling
relates to the spinning machine known as the mule, whether self-acting or
otherwise, and to the machine commonly called the doubling frame, and con-
sists of various improved mechanical arrangements for effecting the several
operations performed by these machines in spinning and doubling cotton and
other fibrous substances.
५
The several operations of spinning performed by the machine known as
the self-acting mule are as follows:-First, the movement of the delivery
rollers, by which the sliver of cotton or other fibrous materials is delivered to
the spindles. Second, the carriage movement, by which the carriage or frame
carrying the spindle is made to recede from the delivery rollers while spinning,
and approach them when winding on; the carriage movement consisting of two
operations, known as the "drawing-out" and "putting-up." Third, the spindle
movement, by which the spindles contained in the carriage are made to rotate
while spinning and winding on, spinning being performed while the carriage is
drawing out, and winding on while it is putting up. Fourth, the backing-off,
"stripping," or removing the usual coils of yarn from the blade or stalk of the
spindle previous to winding on. Fifth, the faller motion, by which the putting
down of the faller wire preparatory to the winding of the yarn upon the
spindles is effected, and by which, upon the completion of the winding on, the
faller wire is lifted up. Sixth, the winding-on, by which the yarn is wound
upon the spindle at a speed varying with the shape of the cop. And seventh,
the copping movement, by which the shape of the successive layers of yarn are
governed, whilst the same are wound upon the spindles in a determined and
proportionate form. .
My present improvements in performing these operations consist chiefly
of novel mechanical arrangements to be employed as substitutes for
and improvements upon the apparatus set forth in the Specifications of
Patents granted to me on or about the Twenty-first day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six, and on or about the Twenty-
fifth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and forty-two respectively,
and which Specifications will, upon reference thereunto had, afford any further
information required.

page_text: My present Invention also consists of a novel arrangement of the combined
apparatus of the machine in such a manner that the headstock is placed much
nearer the ground or floor than I have hitherto accomplished with the self-
acting mule.described in the Specifications of my former Patents, which
alteration from the vertical to the horizontal position enables me to
enclose the mechanism laterally between the side frames, and also to cover it
in features of importance both in relation to the protection of the machine
from injury and the safety of the attendant operatives. This construction of
the. headstock imparts greater firmness and stability to the several apparatus
which are attached thereto, and the movements of which are dependent upon
the strength of the framing for the accuracy of their motions. A portion of
these improvements are applicable to ordinary self-acting mules.
In effecting the first operations of spinning, or the movement of the delivery
rollers, I divide the ordinary roller or coupling shaft into two parts, with a catch
box fast upon one part, and a catch box sliding upon a key on the other part.
When these catch boxes are in geer with each other motion is imparted to the
delivery rollers, and by them slivers are given forth to the spindles as usual;
but when these catch boxes are discharged the motion of the delivery rollers
ceases and the second stretch comes into operation. When the headstock is
placed between the mule carriages I make the roller shaft in one piece, and
apply the action of the catch boxes by placing one of them with the wheel by
which the rollers are to be driven upon a socket upon the roller shaft, this
catch box sliding upon the socket on the entire shaft instead of upon a
dismembered portion of the shaft, as shewn in the annexed Drawing at
Figure 20, and which the.descriptions following will explain.
To effect the second operation in spinning or the drawing out of the carriage
I have adopted the mechanical arrangements specified in my former Patents
to the horizontal headstock. In reducing the apparatus from a vertical to a
horizontal position I have materially modified and improved many of the
working parts, and, although I have embodied the principle of my former
Inventions in my present improvements, still the arrangements are of a character
so different from anything of the kind before accomplished as to constitute a
distinct and separate Invention.
The spindle movement, which is the third operation of spinning, I perform
by driving the spindles from the rim shaft by means of the rim pulley and
apparatus as usual. My improvements in performing this operation consist
in driving the spindles during the going out of the carriage directly from the
main driving shaft, and during the putting up of the carriage driving them at
a variable speed by the action of a spiral wheel upon the winding-on apparatus,

page_text: which communicates a differential motion to the rim shaft, and, by the rim
pulley and apparatus, to the spindles.
In the fourth operation, or the backing off, I cause a bowl upon the large
wheel on the cam shaft to act upon a vertical lever, which lever is connected
with a sliding rack, and acting thereon gives motion to a pinion on the rim
shaft, which pinion being put into geer with a sliding catch box, also on the
rim shaft, causes the rim pulley to rotate in a direction contrary to that which
it did while spinning, and thus effect the requisite amount of backing off,
which is regulated by the action of the incline acting upon the vertical lever
at a later period in every subsequent stretch, thereby reducing the amount of
backing off proportionately with the increased size of the cop. When stripping
is performed instead of backing off, the top faller is acted upon through suitable
apparatus, and is suddenly raised sufficiently high to strip the coils of yarn
from the stalks or blades of the spindles, the spindles having been (whether
backing off or stripping is employed) brought into a state of rest by the action
of a friction brake upon the flange of a rim pulley.
When the fifth operation, or the putting up of the carriage, takes place,
and the driving strap has been traversed from the fast to the self-acting pulley,
the backing off or stripping effected, and the faller movement (which is
similar to that before specified by me, but adapted from the vertical to the
horizontal headstock) ready to come into operation, the taking-in crank upon
the cam shaft acts, by means of a connecting rod, upon a toothed spiral wheel
and sector of peculiar construction, and used as substitutes for the spiral drag
pulley and chain described in the Specifications of my former Patents. The
connecting rod between the toothed sector and the taking-in crank has a
slotted end, which gives the crank pin liberty to move partially from either end
without operating upon the carriage, or the carriage upon the crank. Motion
is communicated from the toothed sector and spiral wheel to the squaring
shaft, by which means the putting up of the carriage is performed at a
differential speed, being easiest when starting and coming in, and greatest
when about midway from the beam. In effecting the carriage movement,
whether going out or putting up, I place the squaring shaft beneath the front
of the roller beam, and impart motion to the carriage by racks attached
thereto, and geering into wheels upon the squaring shaft. These racks are
boxed or enclosed, and are placed nearly upon the level of the floor.
For the sixth operation, or that of winding on, I use the winding-on
motion described in the Specification of my Patent of One thousand eight
eight hundred and forty-two, adapting thereto a novel system of curves acting
upon the spindles and regulating the amount of wind by mechanism adapted

page_text: to the requirements of the horizontal headstock. I also employ an improved,
arrangement of mechanism for adjusting the cogger or regulator of the winding
motion, according to the tension or slackness of the yarn.
The last operation, or the copping motion, is similar to that described in the
Specifications of my former Patents, but adapted to the horizontal headstock.
My Invention also consists of the arrangement and construction of the
ordinary mangle wheel and swing driving apparatus to be used in connection
with the winding-on motions and spirals, as now and formerly specified
by me.
And lastly, my improvements in doubling machinery consist in placing a
suitable frame, loose or so as to move freely, on its centre, and supporting the
top rollers of a doubling frame. The object of this arrangement is to stop the
delivery of the yarn whenever one or any of the threads are deficient or broken.
The other end of the lever or, frame, carrying the top rollers is raised by a
counterweight. When a thread is broken, this weight acts upon the frame
carrying the rollers, and raises them sufficiently high to prevent the drawing
off or delivery of yarn, and saves the remaining unbroken threads from being.
made into "waste" or bad threads.. The whole of which improvements, and
others in connection therewith, their peculiar nature and practical application,
are illustrated and set forth in and by the following
:
:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
. In Drawing No. 1, Figure 1 is a side elevation (taken on the side next the
carriage) of my improved self-acting mule for spinning fine numbers. Figure 2
is a plan of same. Figure 3 is an, end elevation of the driving end of the
headstock. Figure 5 is an elevation of the mule carriage. Figure 6 is a.
detached view shewing the setting-on apparatus and its connections. Figure 7
shews my arrangements in connexion with the coarse mule; and Figure 9 is a
detached, plan view of the rack boxes, &c. The remaining Figures, which
separately illustrate various parts of my improvements, are referred to in the
course of my description. In these Figures the letters and indices used to
indicate any particular part or parts of the apparatus referred to in any one
Figure are also used to indicate the same part or parts in the other Figures,
throughout the Drawings:. A, A, is the framing. A¹ is the driving strap,
running on the fast pulley B, the loose pulley B', or the self-acting pulley B³,.
according as it is acted upon by the setting-on lever T. These pulleys are.
placed upon the long driving shaft B, which, through the bevils Band B,.
imparts motion to the rim shaft B, on which the usual rim pulley B' is placed,
which, through the system of carrier pulleys B, B2, B, and rim band B",

page_text: drives the spindles in the ordinary manner. On the end of the rim shaft B® is
placed the pinion C, driving, the wheel C' upon the shaft C, and through the
carrier C², driving the roller or coupling shaft C', upon which the wheel C³ is
fastened. The coupling shaft C is made in two parts, the loose part C³ being
connected with the fast part C by the coupling boxes C, C³. The coupling
box C³ is fixed upon the part C, and the coupling box C' slides upon a.key
upon the part C, and when these coupling boxes are connected, during the
drawing out of the carriage, rotation is imparted to the delivery rollers as
usual; but when the carriage has completed the drawing out in the coarse
mule, or has arrived at the point of the traverse in the fine mule at which it is
desired to substitute the slow for the quick motion, for the purpose of stretching
and putting in twist, the bell-crank lever C¹ upon the vertical shaft C" acts
upon the sliding coupling box C', disconnects it from the coupling box C³,
and thus arrests the motion of the delivery rollers. Simultaneous with this
operation the bell crank lever E', also upon the shaft C", disconnects the catch
box E from the catch box cast upon the wheel E', which wheel, with the
catch box and the pinion E, are loose upon the shaft C. The shaft C⁹ is
driven by the wheel C' from the pinion C, and while the cath box E'
was in geer with the wheel E', the drawing out of the carriage was an
uniform progressive motion, the pinion E' driving the wheel E upon
the winding-on shaft J, which wheel imparted motion by means of
the carrier wheel J" on shaft Js to the wheel J' on the squaring shaft J*,
from which latter shaft the movements of the carriage are effected. When
the catch box E' is disconnected from the catch box on the wheel- E³, the
rotation of the delivery rollers and the quick motion of the carriage are
suspended, and the slow motion or stretching comes into operation as fol-
lows: The pinion E' and the wheel E³, upon the stretching shaft E¹, being
in geer with the pinion E2 and wheel E³, upon the shaft C, during the quick
motion of the carriage the wheel. E³ is loose upon the shaft E, which shaft
E, with a ratchet or catch motion, is shewn in the detached view, Figure 8.
This catch motion consists of an internal ratchet c, cast in the disc of the
wheel E³. a is a face plate fast on the shaft E, and on this face plate the
catches moving on studs b, b, taking into the teeth of the ratchet c, are affixed.
During the quick motion of the carriage the pinion E2 drives the wheel E³,
and the wheel Es drives the pinion E with such velocity that the catches b, b,
are carried forward over the teeth in the ratchet c; but upon the catch.boxes
C and E being disconnected, the wheel E5 ceases to drive the pinion E*, and
is in turn driven by it. The pinion E2 drives the wheel E³, and admits of the
catches b, b, being acted upon by the teeth in the ratchet a. The effect of

page_text: this is, that the shaft E" and pinion E are driven at the reduced velocity of
the wheel E, and the wheel E³, being driven by the pinion E' instead of by
the catch box E, imparts motion to the carriage through the pinion E', and
to the wheels E and J, at such a proportionably reduced velocity as is required
for the slow motion or stretching used in fine spinning. The carriage move-
ment is effected from the squaring shaft J, by the wheel J geering into the
rack J' and impelling the carriage in either direction as it may be required
to draw out or put up. These racks are enclosed at the sides and above by
the rack boxes Jo, and are placed upon the floor of the room; the wheel Jo,
by which the racks are driven, are also inclosed. The racks J' are connected.
to the carriage bearer by the brackets J³.
My arrangements in connection with a system of racks for working a pair of
mules are shewn in Figure 9. J, J, are the slips or rails on which the
carriage wheels of each mule travel. Je, Jo, are the wheels driving the racks
J', J', which, with rack boxes J, J', are placed between the mules J", J",
representing the ends of the roller beams, and J, J13, the ends of the creels of
the two adjacent mules, as will be readily understood by all persons connected
with mule spinning. The disconnecting of the catch boxes C and E is
effected by means of an incline V, affixed to the mule carriage, and shewn in
Figure 5. When the carriage has completed its stretch in the coarse mule,
or when it has arrived at the point of the drawing out in the fine mule at
which it is required to bring the stretching motion into action, the incline.V°
acts upon a stud t¹, attached to a lever T, which lever is secured upon the
knocking-off shaft T, placed at the driving end of the headstock. Upon this
shaft T is also placed the lever To, which, when the stud T", on the knocking-
off lever T', is acted upon by the incline V, lifts the catch T*, by means of the
link Ts, off the projection on the lower arm of the double lever T. This causes
the geering rod T", which connects the double lever T3 with the bell crank E',
to operate upon the vertical shaft C", which allows the spring E³ to disengage
the catch boxes C7 and E, and brings the slow motion of the carriage into
operation in the manner before described. The centre hole in the link E,.
Figure 2, is lengthened sufficiently to allow the spring E' first to disengage the
catch boxes E and C', and afterwards to disengage the pinion E* from the
wheel E. When the catch boxes C and E have been disengaged, and just
previous to the completion of the second stretch, or the arrival of the carriage
at the head, the stud E³, upon the large wheel E, acts upon the lip E¹, and
depresses one end of the horizontal lever E, and thus allows the liberation of
the swing arm E, the small shaft E, and the pinion E (see Figure 6) to
draw out of geer with the wheel Es; and the putting-in twist at the head

page_text: comes into operation in manner following:-D is a worm fixed upon the
driving shaft B³, and geering into the wheel D', placed upon a small counter
shaft on the end of the headstock. Upon this counter shaft is also placed the
change pinion D2, which may be varied according to the counts of yarn to be
spun. The change pinion D drives the wheel D³, working upon an adjustable
stud in the bracket D. This wheel, which makes one revolution during the
stretch, is furnished with a stud a, which stud acts upon the weighted end of
the lever D (see Figures 3 and 4), and causes the other arm of that lever to
lift the latch D', whose fulcrum is the setting-on lever T, from off the bearing
in the end of the headstock; this causes the weighted end a of the setting-on
lever T to move in the direction of the arrow (see Figure 6), and traverse the
driving strap. A from the fast pulley B to the self-acting pulley B²; but until
the latch Ds is liberated (which does not take place till after the carriage has
completed the stretch) the continued rotation of the shaft B³ causes a further
amount of twist to be given to the yarn, which amount can be regulated as
desired by means of the change wheel D². The latch D having been lifted
off its bearing, and the driving strap A¹ being now upon the self-acting pulley
B2, and the bevil pinion P10, attached to the self-acting pulley driving the
bevil wheel P, and by means of the pinion Ps, and large spur wheel P³, the
cam shaft P is put in motion; and the application of the brake is effected by
means of a snugg or projection on the brake pulley P, acting upon a projec-
tion on the brake lever O, depressing one arm and causing the other arm of
that lever to apply the brake O' to the flange O2 on the rim pulley B. This
application of the brake arrests the momentum of the spindles. Immediately
upon this the upright lever and bowl Q are acted upon by the cam Ps, and,
by means of the connecting rod Q, cause the bell crank Q to put the catch
box R, on the rim shaft B, into geer with the catch box attached to
the pinion R². Simultaneous with this the bowl P, on the large spur
wheel P³, acts upon the vertical lever R, which moves the rack and
bar R³ in the direction of the arrow, and the rack R³, geering into the
catch box pinion R³, on the rim shaft B6, causes that shaft to revolve in a
direction contrary to that which it did whilst the carriage was drawing out.
The method of bringing the faller wire into action I shall now describe,
and afterwards proceed to shew how the amount of backing off is regulated in
proportion to the varying size of the cop. Attached to the mule carriage (see
Figures 5 and 22) is a weighted frame lever V10 moving on a centre and held
up by the latch V as a support (during the going out of the carriage). To
this lever V10 may be attached any weight which may be found requisite to
prevent the tension of the yarn from lifting the faller wire. V is a stud pro-

page_text: jecting from the lever V, and when the carriage has nearly arrived at the
completion of the stretch the stud V is so placed as to be drawn upon the.
lever L' (see Figures 1 and 2); by the outward motion of the carriage lever L'
has now become the support for the lever V10, and its previous support being
removed (whilst the carriage is in motion) by a projection on the hook Vis
coming in contact with the stud S₁ in the incline. Upon this taking place
the lever L' is allowed to descend by the action of the cam P until the
weighted lever V10 rests upon the incline S; while this has been taking place.
the rotation of the rim shaft B, in the contrary direction, as before mentioned,,
has performed the backing off or uncoiling of the layers of yarn from the stalks
of the spindles put on while twisting, and the top faller V; acted upon by the:
lever V10 and rod V1, has brought the top faller wire into a position for wind-
ing on. The amount of backing off is regulated by the horizontal lever Re on
the shaft R7, see Figures 1 and 2. The lever R° rests upon a stud R8
attached to the incline S, and the incline being lifted, as afterwards described,.
varies the amount of traverse given by the bowl P' (upon the wheel P³) to.
the lever R, and by that lever communicated to the bar and rack R³, which
again gives motion in a corresponding degree by means of the pinion R² to
the rim pulley B', the amount of backing off decreasing proportionably with the
increased size of the cop. The rise of the incline S, by which the quantity of
backing off and also the action of the faller wire or copping motion is regu-
lated, is shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 4. To the lever L' is attached a catch S",
taking into the ratchet S". When the lever L' has been lowered down by the
action of the cam P5 upon the lever L, the catch S" descends with it and takes:
hold upon a tooth in the ratchet S°. When the carriage has arrived at the
beam, as afterwards explained, the larger diameter of the cam P
the lever L and raise it to the position shewn in the Drawings. This opera-
tion also raises the lever L', and causes the catch S" to effect a partial rotation
of the ratchet S, which, through the pinion S acting upon the wheel S³, and
worm S acting upon the wheel S7, causes the shapers Sand S³ upon the
shaft S3 to raise the incline S proportionably higher, so that when the next
stretch is completed the descent of the faller wire will not be so great as in
the previous stretch, and which descent, by means of the shapers S* and S³,
will always be lessened proportionably to the increased size of the cop. When
the lever L is being raised, as described, to the position shewn in the Drawing,
the rod L³ acts upon the faller lifter L2 and causes the horizontal arm thereof
to lift the weighted lever V10, by means of the stud V", on to the supporting
latch V preparatory to the next drawing out of the carriage. Attached to.
the upright lever R is the support or bracket R³ upon which the projec-
will act upon

page_text: tion P on the taking-in crank had previously rested; but when the backing
off comes into operation and the faller wire has descended, the support R³ is
withdrawn and the snuggs or projections on the face plate P take effective
hold of the disc of the taking-in crank P¹ which commences to revolve, and
by means of the connecting rod P* moves the taking-in sector J in the direc-
tion of the arrow. The sector J is furnished with toothed geering on its inner
circumference, and these teeth geer into the spiral drag wheel J', used as a
substitute for the ordinary drag pulley and chain, and fixed upon the winding-
on shaft J. This causes the large wheel E to revolve in a direction contrary
to that which it did when the carriage was drawing out, and also at a variable
speed, the speed being greatest when the carriage is about midway from the
beam and easiest at starting and coming in. Motion is communicated by the
wheel E to the intermediate wheel J", and by it to the wheel J' on the squar-
ing shaft J, which, by means of the system of racks and geering before
described, effects the putting up of the carriage or return of the spindles to the
delivery rollers. During the putting up of the carriage the winding motion,
shewn in the detached views Figures 17, 18, and 19, is in operation; this, with
a few exceptions, is similar to the winding-on motion described in the Speci-
fication of my Patent of One thousand eight hundred and forty-two, and acts,
by means of the chain acting upon the chain wheel R', úpon the rim shaft B;
the further action of the cam P³ upon the lever Q, connecting rod Q¹, and
bell crank Q, throwing the catch box R out of geer with the wheel R², and
into geer with the wheel R¹. This causes the winding-on motion to operate
upon the rim pulley B', by which means the yarn spun during the drawing
out of the carriage is wound upon the spindles in successive layers during the
return of the carriage to the beam, and the continued action of the cam Ps
acts upon the bell crank Q and places the catch box R in the position shewn
in Figure 2, in which position it remains during the drawing out of the car-
riage. The driving strap A¹ being still on the self-acting pulley B³, and all the
various movements having been performed, the bowl P7 comes in contact with
the arm 6 of the lever T; and thus the bowl P7, in its rotation, forces the
lever T in a contrary direction to that shewn by the arrow, and places the
driving strap A¹ on the fast pulley at the same time the double lever T³ comes
in contact with the latch T, is kept stationary by it, and prevents that end of
the latch from following the motion of the lever T, and thus the motion given
to the lever T by the bowl P7 is made to act upon the opposite end of the
lever T, and by this means the catch boxes E and C are again connected
with their respective ones, and the pinion E' is drawn into geer with the
wheel Es; and the prop E", by means of the weighted end C, resumes the place

page_text: represented in the Drawing, and the carriage is in a position to commence the
next stretch. Upon the lever T is a stud marked T", which prevents the stop
on the wheel P3 forcing the lever T out of its place. When coarse counts of
yarn are to be spun, the backing off is dispensed with, and an operation, known
as stripping or lifting off, instead of uncoiling the yarn from the stalk of the
spindle, takes place. The manner in which I effect this operation is shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5. The continuation of the lever O, which is drawn in
blue lines, acts upon the arm of a double lever V13. This lever, which moves
upon a shaft V, placed transversely of the carriage, carries on its other end
a lever V, upon which lever the drop rod Vs, supporting the under faller, rests.
When the lever O acts upon the lever V13, the support is removed from beneath
the projection on the drop rod V³, and, by means of, the under faller weight,
the wire of the faller V1 is suddenly lifted up, and performs the operation of
stripping or removing the coils of yarn from the spindles; the amount of
stripping being regulated according to the increased size of the cop, by means
of the cam V on the shaft S³, shewn detached in Figure 21; which cam. V
gradually raises the tablet V2 on the lever V¹, so that the descent of the drop
rod V3 is reduced with every stretch, and, on the return of the carriage, the
under faller being put in the position shewn in the Drawings by the means in
ordinary use, the weighted end of the lever V3 replacing the prop V beneath
the projection on the rod V³, which is supported thereby until the completion
of the next stretch.
which
My improvement in putting the cogger or regulator in and out of action are
shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 5, and detached in Figures 12 and 19. The
object of this improvement is to adjust the winding-on motion by the tension
of the yarn, so that the yarns may neither be too.tight nor too slack, and that
the action of the under faller may be uniform throughout the winding on
during the putting up of the carriage. V is the under faller shaft, upon
is placed the short lever V, connected by the rod V8 to the under faller weight
V5, which weight is attached to the body of the mule. carriage. When the
faller V assumes the position shewn in red lines at Figure 12 the tension of
the yarns will be too great, and the levers V7 and V5, the stud V18 on the lever
V³, the cranked lever Ks, the link K', the lever K, and the tumbler weight K,
which rests against the stud a, will maintain the position shewn until the
carriage has arrived at the beam, when the lever K strikes the lower lip of
the tumbler lever K, and causes the tumbler to rest upon one of the projec-
When this takes
tions baffixed to the headstock, see Figures 1 and 2.
place, the short arm K° of the lever K', acts by the link K10 upon the cogger
K³, and gathers a tooth of the star wheel on the winding motion, which is

page_text: allowed to contract preparatory to being required to wind on the next stretch,
and thus relieve the yarn from undue tension. When the yarn is too slack,
the parts assume the positions shewn by dotted lines in Figure 12, and the
lever K striking the upper lip or arm of the tumbler lever K, causes the
cogger to miss the star wheel and allow the yarn to acquire its proper tension
by the increasing size of the cop. As the star wheel and its appurtenances
have been in use heretofore, I have not thought a description of their action
necessary. When it. is desired to stop the mule the lever T7 on the setting-
on lever T is lifted, and the driving strap A¹ is traversed upon the loose
pulley B' by the handle T on the lever Ts, and is prevented from going upon
the self-acting pulley B³ by the stud T18 working through a slot in the lever T,
and coming in contact with the bracket. The geering rod T" is slotted at
one end, as shewn, so that when the catch boxes are not disengaged by acci-
dent or otherwise: the driving strap cannot be put upon the self-acting pulley
until their discharge is effected.
Figures 7 and 13 shew my arrangements, as altered, for the mule to be
used for spinning coarse numbers.. The twisting motion used in the fine mule
I dispense with, likewise the stretching motion, and also backing-off apparatus
when stripping is preferred, and in place of the vertical lever R I. substitute
a similar vertical lever, as seen in Figure 7, for the purpose of supporting the
crank P. The catch boxes on the rim shaft and their appurtenances are also
removed, and the arrangements shewn in Figures 13 substituted therefor.
R' is the chain wheel on the rim shaft B, cast with which is the box wheel R",
and internal ratchet R°. The clicks or catches R10, which work this ratchet,
are upon studs affixed upon the disc R", which disc is made fast upon the rim
shaft B, the chain wheel R', the box wheel R", and ratchet Rº, being loose
upon the shaft. When the winding-on motion acts upon the chain wheel R',
the ratchet R acts upon the catches T, and, by means of the disc T¹, im-
parts motion to the rim shaft, and, through the rim pulley, to the spindles.
The lever and. latches T34.6, and D, are on the setting-on lever T, used in
fine spinning, are likewise removed, and the geering rod is drawn by a stud
fixed on the setting-on lever. T, as shewn in Fig. 7, and the arm P is made in
the form of a latch to hold upon a stud in the said lever T. When it is
desirable to place the headstock between two mule carriages, to obtain a long
stretch, the pulleys are placed outside the end of the headstock, and the bevil
wheel P is placed on a socket, as seen in the Drawings, and the lever L and
L', and the incline spur wheels, are removed, and in place thereof the levers,
catch, and ratchet wheel, as seen in blue in Figure 7, are used in place. of
those removed.

page_text: My further improvements in the winding-on motion. I shall now proceed to
describe. Figure 17 represents my improved spirals on the face plate of the
winding-on motion. The construction of this face plate is similar to that
described in my Specification of One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.
At present I have eleven radial slots on the face plate instead of twelve, as
heretofore, and the extreme radius of the curve is a little longer, and near
its point is a little flatter, than that before in use. Figure 18 represents the
improved curves which effect the contraction or closing in of the projections
sliding in the radial slots described in my former Specification.
Figure 19 represents the back plates and sector upon the principle of the
back plate described in my former Specification, and which sector regulates
the position of the sliding projections in place of the cam, as formerly specified,
the curves on the plate, see Figure 18, being made to suit the sector K",
instead of the cam being made to suit the spirals. Figure 19, K, is a star
wheel, which drives the worm wheel K¹³, and to which worm wheel a pinion
is attached. This pinion geers into the sector K, and which sector has an
arm, as seen in the Drawing. K is a stud on the back of the plate, Figure
18; and K is a link which connects the arm of K" with the stud in K¹, in
the plate, as before described.
Figure 10, Drawing No. 2, represents the cam when backing off is
used, as before described, and Figure 11 represents the cam. when stripping
used. The curve of the incline is the same as used in my former
Specification, and the short incline shewn thereon is the same as in general
use..
Figure 23 represents my combination of the winding-on motion with the
ordinary, mangle wheel. N is the mangle wheel driving the carrier wheel N¹.
N2 is a pinion on the same shaft as the wheel N¹ geering into N³. Upon
the same shaft as N³ is fixed the winding-on motion, and to the frame is fixed
the cogger or regulator. N is a barrel to which is attached the ratchet and
catch motion as seen at No. 13, on which the chain N³ coils during the
drawing out of the carriage, and is drawn off during the winding on. N is a
spur wheel, giving motion to the spur wheel N8, by means of the carrier N°,
and upon the same shaft is fixed the band pulley N10, which pulley com-
municates motion to the spindles. (The chain. N³ may be coiled upon the
barrel N either by a friction band or by a weight.).
Figure 14 represents the application of the stretching motion, as before
described, to hand mules in general. X is a, shaft, receiving motion in the
ordinary manner from the driving pulleys, giving motion to the wheel X2,

page_text: by means of wheel X': X³ is a pair of bevil wheels, giving motion to
the delivering rollers; X' is a pinion fast on the same shaft as X², which
pinion X drives the wheel X upon the usual scroll shaft X; X' is a face
plate fast on the same shaft as X2 and X'; X8 is a wheel with an internal
ratchet similar to the one shewn in Figure 8 as previously described,
and: loose. upon the shaft; X' is a pinion which drives the wheel X8. The
quick part of the drawing out of the carriage is performed by the wheels
X and X, and upon these two wheels and the bevils X³ being disconnected
by the drawing back of the bearing ✗1. The stretching commences by the
pinion becoming the driver to the wheel X8. The internal ratchets act
upon the catches and plate x fixed on the shaft, and by this means give the
required slow motion to the scroll shaft X, and to the carriage. External
ratches and catches may be used, but which are only a modification of the
above method.
Figure 15 represents part of a hand mule on the box organ principle. Y¹ is
the ordinary carrying pulley upon an upright shaft; Y is the ordinary
carriage, slip, and bracket; Ys is the scroll band carrying pulley; Y' a pair
of bevil wheels; Y is a shaft, the full length between the headstock and
carrying pulley Y', which shaft has a groove or slot in it; Y is a wheel or
pulley, having a. key fitted in it, which wheel or pulley Yo is traversed by the
mule carriage during the drawing out and putting up of the carriage. The
shaft Y' is for the purpose of enabling the operative spinner to perform the
winding on of the yarn upon the spindles more quickly and with considerable
less exertion and fatigue to himself than by doing it in the ordinary way. On
the carriage are the spinner's handle and shaft, connected by a train of wheels
or pulleys to the wheel Y' on shaft Y', through which the spinner can give
any amount of motion required to wind on the yarn.
Figure 16 refers to my improvements in] doubling machinery. Z is the
ordinary roller stand; Z' is the ordinary bottom roller; Z is the ordinary top
roller; Z³ is a frame lever moving on a fulcrum, the other side of which
retains in its position the top roller Z³. The two sides of the frame lever
Z³ are attached by means of a cross bar, which is of sufficient weight to lift
the top roller Z2 from the bottom roller Z', thus causing a separation of the
two rollers, and stopping or preventing the further delivery of the yarn or
threads. Z is a prop or support of the weighted end of frame lever Z³;
Z are conducting wires moving on centres at Z°, having small projecting arms;
Z is the yarn or thread to be doubled, which passes through the eye of the
conductor Z. When one or more of the threads break or otherwise become

page_text: deficient, the conductor Z looses its support and falls back against the rod
Zs, and the projecting arm forces the proper support Z* from its bearing, thus
letting the weighted end of the frame lever Z³ descend, and the other end lift
up the top roller, Z2 separating it from the bottom roller Z', and preventing
any further delivery of yarn.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention
of "Certain Improvements in Spinning and Doubling Machinery," and having
shewn various mechanical arrangements by which the same may be carried
into effect, I wish to be understood that I do confine myself exclusively to
the particular apparatus described in relation thereto, but that any mechanical
equivalents for performing or accomplishing the objects of my present im-
provements I shall consider as my Invention; the several claims. under the
Letters Patent granted me for which, as aforesaid, arc,-
Firstly, the novel arrangement of the bed or framework of the headclock, in
which the ordinary legs or supports are dispensed with by the introduction of
a bottom rail, rendering the headstock a compact substantial structure. The
construction of the frame or bed being such as to admit the mechanism,
whether exposed or inclosed, being attached to it, and of the working parts
being placed between the side and end frames in such a manner as to be
boxed or enclosed by pannelling or otherwise, and to be covered over from
above, the application of which cover and pannels I also claim as my
Invention.
.
Secondly, the arrangements by which the coupling shalft gives rotation to
the delivering rollers, and by which they cease to revolve, as shewn in the
Drawings and described.
Thirdly, the arrangements for drawing out of the carriage and effecting the
stretching motion; the arrangement by which the carriage motion is arrested
at the head, and also the methods of putting the catch boxes and their appur-
tenances into geer when the spindles have arrived at the beam preparatory.to
commencing the succeeding stretch.
Fourthly, the arrangement of the spindle movements effected from the
driving apparatus as described, during the drawing out of the carriage, and
also as effected through suitable geering and connections from the self-acting
pulley during the putting up of the carriage.
Fifthly, the arrangements for arresting the momentum of the spindles, ás
set forth and described.
Sixthly, the arrangement for effecting and regulating the backing off and
the stripping, as illustrated and described.

page_text: Seventhly, the arrangement as described for putting the faller wires in and
out of action.
Eighthly, the arrangement and combination of the spiral drag wheel and
sector connected with the crank and support for the purpose of putting up the
carriage, as set forth and described.
Ninthly, the arrangement as described for effecting. the winding on during
the putting up of the carriage.
Tenthly, the novel and peculiar mechanical arrangements and combinations
of the setting-on lever and its appurtenances as described and set forth in the
Drawings.
Eleventhly, the arrangements, of rack and rack boxes, for effecting the
drawing out and putting up of the carriage, and also the method of attaching
the racks to the carriage, as shewn in the Drawings.
Twelfthly, the improved spirals upon the face plate of the winding-on motion,
as described and shewn in the Drawings.
Thirteenthly,, the combination of stripping in conjunction with the move-
ments for winding on and putting up the carriage.
Fourteenthly, the combination of the ordinary mangle wheel with the
spirals and winding-on motions as now and previously specified by me.
5
1
1
Fifteenthly, the application and adaptation of the stretching motion to 2
hand mules, as shewn and described.
Sixteenthly, the arrangements for winding on in hand mules, as set forth
and described.
Seventeenthly, the apparatus as described in reference to doubling frames,
or any modified arrangements of the same, and also the separating of the top 2
and bottom rollers by means of the breaking or deficiency of one or more
threads, so as to stop or prevent the delivery of yarn.
Eighteenthly, the application of the under faller for the purpose of putting
the cogger or regulator in and out of action. by the use of one or more tumbler
weights.
Nineteenthly, the methods of procuring a long stretch by placing the driving
pulleys outside the end, of the headstock.
Twentiethly, the combination of the ratchet and catch motion in conjunction
with the winding-on motion and spirals in the coarse mule, as illustrated and
described.
The whole of which being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, new,
and never before practised in that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and
9

page_text: Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I deliver this as my true and faithful Speci-
fication of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Potter, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty..