CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE WEAVING OF WOOLLEN CLOTH
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
CLISILD DANIELL, of Stoke, in the County of Wilts, Clothier, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-five, in the sixth year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, His
especial licence that I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors, adñors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE WEAVING OF WOOLLEN CLOTH;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby declare that my said Invention of Improve-
ments in Machinery applicable to the Weaving of Woollen Cloth is described
and ascertained in manner following (that is to say):-
My first improvement is in the machinery of those looms which are called
power looms for weaving wollen cloth by mechanical power, and the improve-
ment consists in the application of one or more springs to act on the lathe of
such a loom, in order to draw the lathe forwards towards the cloth, and
cause the reed to beat up the last shoot of the weft with a much smarter
stroko and in less time than is usually done. The spring or springs for this
purpose may be made of wood or of iron or steel, and may be fixed against
the inside of the breast beam of the loom, beneath the cloth, and the extremity
of the spring may be connected by means of a link or a strap or cord with tho
lower ball or horizontal bar of the lathe in such manner as that the said
spring must be bended or forced from its natural position whenever the tappets
or cogs of the revolving wheels or camms of the loom act upon the lathe to
push it back from the cloth, in order to make room for the shuttle to be
thrown across the breadth of the web.tlirough the opening of the divided warp;
but as soon as the shuttle is so thrown and the shoot of weft, laid in the warp,
the tappets or cogs of the revolving. wheels quit, and..cease to act upon, the
lathe, and leave it at liberty to obey the action of the bended spring or springs,
which by their tendency to recover their natural position draw or pull the
lathe forwards towards the cloth with a quick motion, whereby-the- reed
drives the last shoot of the weft forcibly against the cloth with a smart stroke,
so as to consolidate the weft in the cloth in a more, expeditious, and effectual
manner than is usually done by the power looms now in use.."
warp.
The Drawing hereunto annexed-is-a-representation of so much of the
machinery of a power loom as is requisite to explain the application of my said
improvements thereto. A, A, are the upright posts of the frame, and B, B,
the horizontal rails thercof. C is the yarn beam or roller. a, b, is the
divided
D is the breast beam. d, the web of cloth. E, the cloth
beam or roller, upon which the cloth is rolled or gathered up. ff, g,.are the
heddles or harness by which the warp a, b, is divided. The yarn beam C has
a strap passed over it at each end and compressed upon it by a lever loaded
with a weight r, so as to cause a friction and make the warp draw tight in
coming off the roller. The cloth beam E has a pulley fixed upon, the
extreme end of its axis, and a cord s, which is wound about, the samic,
-conducted over pullies, and has a weight & suspended from it, which always
tends to turn the roller E round, so as to wind up the cloth round it, and, a
is

page_text: small portion of cloth is thus wound up at every shoot. F is the lower ball
or horizontal bar of the lathe upon which the shuttle runs and upon which
the reed e is fixed. G is one of the swords of the lathe, and H its top
horizontal rail. The weight of the lathe is suspended on pirots at H, which
form a centre or axis of motion on which the whole lathe swings in order to
carry the reed backwards and forwards to and from the cloth. I is the main
axis or revolving shaft, to which the power is applied by means of the pulley
K which is fitted on one extremity of the axis, and an endless belt or strap
which encompasses that pulley communicates a regular rotatory motion to it
and to the axis I from any suitable millwork or machinery. A wheel L is
fixed on the axis I near to each end, and tappets m, which are fixed to each
wheel, are adapted to intercept the bracket n which is fixed to the under side
of the lower ball F of the lathe, one at each end thereof, in a proper position
to receive the action of the tappets, which in revolving press against the
brackets.n, so as to carry the lathe backwards from the cloth (as is repre-
sented in Fig. 1) to a proper distance therefrom to leave room for the shuttle
to be thrown across the web through the opening between the divided shed of
the warp.
M is a camm or curve-shaped wheel which is fixed on the middle
part of the main axis I, in order to act against a roller carried by a bracket
which is affixed to the under side of the lower ball F, in the middle, and pro-
jects downwards therefrom, so as to reach to the camm, as is shewn at p in
Figure 3, which represents the lathe and the cam detached from the other
parts. A certain portion of the circumference of the camm is circular and
concentric with the axis of motion, in order that it may hold back and retain
the lathe in that position in which it has been placed by the tappets m, as
shewn in Figure 1, so as to keep the lathe stationary in that position for so long
after the tappet m has passed by and quitted the bracket n as to allow a suitable
time for throwing the shuttle across the web, but which being done, the camm
M will have turned round so far that its prominent circular part will quit the
roller of the bracket p, Figure 3, and leave the lathe at liberty to return
towards the cloth.
Now the manner of applying my aforesaid improvement to such a loom is
represented in the horizontal plan Figure 2. A spring 1, 2, of wood or of
iron or steel or other suitable material is fastened against the inside of the
breast beam D in a horizontal position, being firmly fixed to that beam at one
of its ends 1, and the other end 2 is connected by the link or strap 3 with the
lower ball F of the lathe, near the middle of its length. A cavity may be
excavated in the substance of the breast beam D to receive and cont in the
spring so that it may be out of the way. The action of this spring is to draw

page_text: the lathe forwards and beat up the cloth, as herein-before stated, as soon as the
circular part of the camm M quits the roller of the bracket p, and leaves the
lathe at liberty to obey the action of the spring. After the lathe has thus
advanced towards the cloth, and the reed has beaten up the last shoot of the
weft, the lathe is pushed backwards again by other tappets v, which are fixed
to the wheels I on the opposite sides thereof to the tappets m.
The tappets v
are adapted to act against suitable brackets affixed to the lower ball of the
lathe in a similar manner to those at n, before described, in order to push tho
lathe back but only to a smaller distance from the cloth than when the shuttle
is to be thrown, as in the former case; and the instant that the lathe is so
pushed back the tappet v quits the bracket and allows the lathe to be drawn
forwards again by the action of the spring, so as to beat up the weft a second
time in the same manner and with the same intent as is done in weaving by
hand. After this second stroke of the lathe, the axis I having completed its
revolution, the first-mentioned tappets m come into action again to carry back
the lathe to its full extent, in order to permit another shoot to be thrown, as
before described. In some cases I propose to combine three springs to act
upon the lathe, one of the springs being fixed against or within the breast
beam D in the manner already described, and as is further shewn at 1, 2,
Fig. 4, and the other two springs 4, 5, 4, 5, being fixed by their ends 5, 5,
against the lower ball F of the lathe, on the front side thereof, in such position
that the extremities 2 and 4, 4, of the three springs will be opposite to each
other; and, being united by the links or straps 3, their efforts become com-
bined to draw forwards tho lathe in a similar manner to that herein-before
described with a single spring; but the treble springs applied, as represented in
Figuro 4, possess a greater degree of elasticity, and, consequently, exert a more
uniform action on the lathe to draw it forwards and beat up the work; or
instead of such springs as are represented in tho Drawing, one or more
springs, composed of wire coiled up into a spiral worm or cylindrical form, may
be applied for the purpose of bringing forwards the lathe, in order to beat up
the work in the manner already described. One end of the cylindrical spiral
coil must be attached to the lathe and the other end must be fastened to the
breast beam or other fixed support in such manner as that the spring will be
stretched or extended whenever the lathe is put back from the work. When
only one such spring is used, it should be applied to the lower ball F of the
lathe at the middle of its length; or when two such springs are required, they
may be applied at equal distances from that middle towards each side, so as
to draw the lay forwards equally at each edge or list of the cloth. In other
cases a spiral coil or worm spring may be applied in place of the link 3 in

page_text: combination with a blade spring, such as is shewn in the Drawing at 1, 2, one.
end of the coil being connected with the extremity 2 of the spring, and the
other end being connected with the lower ball F in the middle, in the place
where the link 3 is represented in Figure 2; but such spiral spring being
substituted in place of that link will, by its clasticity, give a more regular
action to the lathe.
My second improvement in machinery applicable to the weaving of woollen
cloth consists in harnessing or tying up the heddles of the loom used for
weaving woollen cloth, commonly called broad cloth, in such manner as that
the division of the shed or opening of the warp for the passage of the shuttle
shall in all cases cause one third of the number of the yarns in the warp to be
raised up in order that the shuttle may pass under them, whilst the remaining
two thirds of the number of the said yarns shall be depressed in order that
the shuttle may pass over them. And woollen cloth or broad cloth woven
according to this improvement will shew a greater proportion of the wefts-or
shoot upon the face or right side of the cloth than upon the back or wrong
side thereof, whereby a richer and thicker pile may be obtained to form tho:
face of the cloth than when the weft is equally distributed upon both sides of
the cloth, according to the cominon practice of weaving broad cloth. The
loom for weaving broad cloth according to my said improvement must be
provided with three or six heddles or harnesses at f, f, g, instead of two or
four, as commonly practised, and the threads of the warp or chain are equally
distributed amongst or drawn through these three or six heddles, which must
be tied up or connected with six treadles, which are to be used after the
saine manner as is practised by fancy weavers for weaving what they call half
swan's down, that is to say, at each shoot one third of the yarns of the warp
are raised up and two thirds are depressed, so that when the shoot becomes
woven into the cloth it will be tied in by one third of the warp on one side,
which will form the face of the cloth, and be tied in by two thirds of the warp
on the other side, which forms the back of the cloth.
The manner of applying this improvement to a power loom is represented in
the Drawing at Figures 1 and 2. A cog wheel 6 is fastened upon the main
axis I, at one end thereof, and by means of an intermediate cog wheel 7 turns
another cog wheel 8, which must have three times as many teeth as the first
wheel 6, whereby it will be turned round once during three shoots. The wheel 8
is fixed upon the end of an axis 9 which extends all across the loom, and has three
arms 10 fixed upon it. Each of these arms carries two rollers at its extremi-
ties, which in the revolution of the axis act upon the treadles 11, and depress
such of them as the order of the work requires to produce the elevation

page_text: of one third of the heddles and the depression of the other two thirds in the
manner shewn at f, f, g, and as therein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-six.