IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF BRUSHES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lord Hinde, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and William Lord Ballin Hinde, of Birmingham
aforesaid, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF BRUSHES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lord Hinde and William
Lord Ballin Hinde at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st
May 1878.
JOHN LORD HINDE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and WILLIAM LORD BALLIN HINDE, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF BRUSHES."
Our Invention has reference to brushes in which metallic pins or wires are used
either wholly or in part in place of the bristles or organic fibrous materials ordi-
narily employed in the manufacture of brushes.
We will describe our Invention as applied to an ordinary hair brush. We form
the back or body and handle of the brush of wood, papier mâché, or such other
materials as are usually or may be conveniently used for that purpose. The metallic
pins or wires are furnished with heads at their bases, and are passed through holes
in a foundation of sheet vulcanized caoutchouc, thin leather, or other elastic or
flexible materials.
We connect the foundation carrying the pins or wires to the body or "stock" of
the brush by sewing or lacing the said foundation at its edge to the said body or
stock. The body or stock is provided with a series of small holes at a short distance
from its edge, and the sewing or lacing of the foundation carrying the pins or wires

page_text: to the body or stock is effected by thread waxed by preference, or by wire or other
strong thread or cord.
A shallow groove is made on the upper side of the back or stock in the line of
the holes through which the sewing or lacing thread or wire passes. The parts of
the said thread or wire passing to the upper side of the body or stock lying in the
said groove are below the level of the upper side of the body or stock, and are not
liable to be injured by the application of the veneer with which the back of the
brush, or the back of the brush and the handle are covered and finished.
We prefer to fix a single row of tufts of bristles or fibres around the edge of the
foundation. These bristles or fibres are fixed to the body or stock by wire in the
usual manner.
Where the brush is large the foundation may be sewn or laced to the stock or
body at other parts, in addition to the sewing at the edge.
In addition to ordinary hair brushes herein-before described, our Invention is
applicable to all kinds of brushes in which metallic pins or wires are employed to
replace wholly or in part the bristles or fibres commonly employed, such for
example as horse brushes, cattle brushes, dog brushes, and rotary machine hair
brushes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Lord Hinde and William Lord Ballin Hinde in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th November 1878.
JOHN LORD HINDE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and WILLIAM LORD BALLIN HINDE, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF BRUSHES."
Our Invention has reference to brushes in which metallic pins or wires are used
either wholly or in part in place of the bristles or organic fibrous materials ordi-
narily employed in the manufacture of brushes.
We will describe our Invention as applied to an ordinary hair brush. We form
the back or body and handle of the brush of wood, papier mâché, or such other
materials as are usually or may be conveniently used for that purpose. The metallic
pins or wires are furnished with heads at their bases, and are passed through holes
in a foundation of sheet vulcanized caoutchouc, thin leather, or other elastic or
flexible material.
We connect the foundation carrying the pins or wires to the body or "stock" of
the brush by sewing or lacing the said foundation at its edge to the said body or
stock. The body or stock is provided with a series of small holes at a short distance
from its edge, and the sewing or lacing of the foundation carrying the pins or wires
to the body or stock is effected by thread, waxed by preference, or by wire or other
strong thread or cord.
A shallow groove may be made on the upper side of the back or stock in the linė

page_text: of the holes through which the sewing or lacing thread or wire passes. The parts
of the said thread or wire passing to the upper side of the body or stock lying in
the said groove are below the level of the upper side of the body or stock, and are
not liable to be injured by the application of the veneer with which the back of the
brush, or the back of the brush and the handle are covered and finished.
We prefer to fix one or more rows of tufts of bristles or fibres around the edge of
the foundation. These bristles or fibres are fixed to the body or stock by wire in
the usual manner.
When the brush is large the foundation may be sewn or laced to the body or
stock at other parts, in addition to the sewing at the edge.
In addition to ordinary hair brushes herein-before described, our Invention is
applicable to all kinds of brushes in which metallic pins or wires are employed to
replace wholly or in part the bristles or fibres commonly employed; such, for
example, as horse brushes, cattle brushes, dog brushes, and rotatory machine hair
brushes.
We will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner
in which our Invention may be performed:-
Figure 1 represents in perspective a hand hair brush made according to our
Invention, the acting part of the brush consisting of a series of rows of metallic
pins or wires a, surrounded by a series of rows of tufts or knots of bristles or
fibrous material b.
Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent, drawn of the full size, parts of the brush, and
'illustrate the manner in which the foundation carrying the metallic pins or wires,
and the tufts of bristles are connected to the wooden "stock" of the brush,
Figure 2 representing a back elevation; and Figure 3, a section of the stock and the
foundation carrying the pins or wires attached to it according to our Invention,
Figure 4 representing in front elevation, and Figure 5 in back elevation the said
"stock" and foundation after the tufts or knots of bristles have been connected to
the said "stock."
Figure 6 represents in plan the piece of sheet vulcanized india-rubber, or the
foundation in which the headed pins or wires a are fixed; Figure 7 represents in
section, and Figure 8 in plan, the india-rubber foundation with the headed pins or
wires a stuck through or attached to it.
In connecting the india-rubber foundation marked c, carrying the metallic pins
or wires a to the wooden stock of the brush, according to our Invention, we proceed
as follows:-We arrange the metallic pins or wires a in the india-rubber founda-
tion c, so as to leave a marginal part c², by which the said foundation may be
attached to the "stock." We take the flat piece of wood or "stock" d, Figures 2
and 3, and having softened it, by steaming it, to permit of its being readily pierced
by an ordinary sewing machine needle, we lay the foundation c, carrying the pins
or wires a on the said stock d, and by means of a sewing machine we sew or stitch
or lace the said foundation c at its marginal part o³ to the said softened stock, as
illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, where the stitches passed through the said marginal
part of the foundation c and through the wooden stock d are marked e.
We prefer to use a waxed thread to sew or lace the foundation c to the stock d,
but an unwaxed thread or a metallic wire or thread may be used, and instead of a
single row of stitches, as represented, two or more rows of stitches may be passed
through the marginal part of the foundation c and the stock d, where great
strength in the connection is required.
Where the brush is large the foundation c may be sewn or laced to the stock or
body at other parts, in addition to sewing or lacing it at the edge or margin of the
foundation. By connecting the foundation carrying the headed pins or wires a to
the stock of the brush by sewing or lacing, as described and illustrated, the connec-
tion of the said foundation to the stock is very secure, and is readily effected, the
stock requiring little or no preparation for receiving the said foundation.
When the metallic pins or wires are to be surrounded by one or more rows of

page_text: '
bristles the partly-made brush or stock d, Figures 2 and 3, is perforated with a row
or rows of concentric holes around the edge or marginal part of the foundation,
and in the said holes tufts or knots of bristles are drawn and fixed by wires in the
ordinary way, as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, Figure 4 representing a front view
of the partly-made brush, and Figure 5 a back view of the same. The tufts or
knots of bristles are marked b in Figure 4, and the fixing wires of the said bristles
are marked fin Figure 5.
The stock is next cut or fashioned in the ordinary way to the shape of the brush,
and its handle and the said shaped stock and handle are coated at back with a layer
of cement, consisting of 1 lb. of glue to 1/4 lb. of plaster of Paris. After this treat-
ment the back of the body and handle are veneered in the ordinary way, the veneer
being attached either by glue or by screws. The brush is now finished, and has the
appearance represented in Figure 1i.
When the foundation carrying the metallic pins or wires is required to be attached
to a thick stock, we prefer to make a shallow groove in the back or upper side of
the said stock, and opposite the line of the marginal part of the foundation, when
the latter is placed on the front of the stock for receiving the stitches by which the
foundation is sewn or laced to the stock.
Figure 9 represents in back elevation, and Figure 10 in section, a thick stock
provided with a groove g at its back for receiving the attaching stitches. The said
groove g may be pierced with holes g², as represented, for the thread to pass through,
or the said grove g may be left unpierced, and the stock be softened by steaming
prior to sewing or lacing the foundation to the said stock in the manner before
described.
When a groove is used in the back of the stock the attaching thread or wire lies
in the said groove, and is therefore below the level of the upper side of the stock,
and is not liable to be injured by the application of the covering veneer.
The groove g in the stock may be made of sufficient width to hold the wire
fastenings of the bristles when bristles are used, as well as the stitches of the
foundation.
•
After the foundation, or the foundation and bristles, has or have been fixed to the
stock, an ordinary hard-setting cement, such as melted shellac, is poured into the
groove g, so as to fill the latter.
After the cement has been levelled off, the brush is ready to be polished without
the addition of a back or veneer. When desired, however, the back of the brush 3
may be finished by a veneer as usual
Figure 11 represents in side elevation a horse brush, the foundation c carrying the
headed pins a, being connected to the stock i, according to the last-described method.
In the said Figure 11 the groove in the back of the stock i for receiving the
attaching threads e is marked 3, and the back of the brush is marked h.
Besides facility in attaching the foundation carrying the headed pins or wires to
the "stock of the brush, our Invention possesses the further advantage that one
or more rows of bristles can readily be combined with the pins or wires, and the
brush thereby made more sightly, and its effectiveness increased.
4
We prefer to make the foundation carrying the headed pins or wires of two 4
layers of sheet vulcanized india-rubber, with a layer of linen between their opposed
faces, but a single piece or layer of india-rubber, or a thin piece of leather or other
elastic or flexible material may be used.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our Inven- 5
tion, the improvements herein-before described, and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, in the manufacture of those kinds of brushes in which metallic pins or
wires are used wholly or in part in place of the bristles or organic fibrous materials
ordinarily used, that is to say, connecting the elastic or flexible foundation in or to
which the headed metallic pins or wires are secured to the "stock" or body of the 5
brush by sewing or lacing the said elastic or flexible foundation to the said "stock"

page_text: or body, the said foundation being sewn or laced at its edge, or at its edge and middle
or other parts, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Lord Hinde and William Lord Ballin
Hinde, have bereuuto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN LORD HINDE.
(LS)
WILLIAM LORD BALLIN HINDE. (L.B.)