IMPROVED MEANS OF ECONOMIZING STEAM OF STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN ; ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE SAME FOR DYEING, FINISHING, BLEACHING, PRINTING. OR ANY OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Hanson, of Halifax, in the County of York,.
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF ECONOMIZING STEAM
OF STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN ;
ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE SAME FOR DYEING, FINISHING, BLEACHING,
PRINTING. OR ANY OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 19th March 1880, and dated the 24th September 1879.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Hanson, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1879.
RICHARD HANSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer. IMPROVED
MEANS OF ECONOMIZING STEAM OF STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN; ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE SAME FOR
DYEING, FINISHING, BLEACHING, PRINTING, OR ANY OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to employing the heat in the steam used for driving the
engine for heating purposes, whereby a saving of about 90 per cent. of the steam.
used for working the engine is effected.
For this purpose I employ two or more boilers, and by preference a boiler for
supplying steam to the engine, working at 60 pounds pressure, and a licating
supply boiler working at 30 pounds pressure, and also a noncondensing steam engine.
The steam after having actuated the cylinder piston passes through a valve which
is fixed to the exhaust pipe of the steam cylinder; this valve is made with a casing,
in which is fitted a chamber in which works a valve and by preference of a "double
beat form;" on the top of the double beat valve is fitted a link which is connected
to a lever and which works on a stud fitted on the top of a bracket which is
secured to the back plate of the valve chamber, the long arm of the valve lever is
fitted with a rod to which is secured a weight or plunger which works in a tube
cast or fitted to the valve casing; in the bottom part of the tube is fitted a small
pipe made with a curved end and extending outside the casing and having a cup
fitted on the top. In the tube is placed mercury which acts upon the weight or
plunger; an increase of pressure on the exhaust side pipe or plunger side would
force down the plunger which forces the murcury up the pipe or pipes into the cup,
and opens at the same time the double beat valve, allowing the exhaust steam from
I Povice 621

page_text: the cylinder to pass into a super-heater. When the pressure is at an equilibrium
the higher pressed steam passes through small steam pipes to the top of the cup,
forcing the murcury down the pipes into the tube, lifting up the weight or plunger,
closing the double beat valve.
The valve automatically prevents the steam flowing into the engine cylinder
through the exhaust pipe.
The super-heater is fitted between the low pressure boiler and the steam engine
and is constructed by preference with a circular shell in which are fitted a series of
of tubular coils made of brass, copper, Muntz's metal, or iron; the ends of the
tubular coils are secured in a plate fitted and fixed near the bottom of the super-
heater shell, and between the coils are fitted plates or feathers. Steam from the
high pressure boiler enters the superheater through a small steam pipe or pipes, and
enters a chamber below the tube or tubular coil plate; the steam from the high
pressure steam pipe or pipes passes through the tubular coils, heating the steam
passing through the superheater; the superheater is fixed on a brick or stone
foundation and by preference higher than the waterline of the boiler, and which
allows the condensed water from the superheater to pass into the boiler below the
waterline by its own gravity.
Steam coming from the exhaust pipe into the exhaust valve casing and from
there through the pipes into the superheater is at a less temperature than the
steam coming into the superheater from the high pressure boiler or boilers, which
produces an increase of heat to the steam coming through the exhaust steam pipes
and which also heats the condensed steam water, produces steam which mixes
with the other steam from the low pressure boiler, and which superheated or dry
steam passes through pipes for heating, dyeing, bleaching, finishing, printing, or any
other required purposes.
To make my improvements thoroughly understood I would remark that the
heat of steam at 60 pounds pressure, both sensitive and latent, is 1203.2 degrees,
and when this steam has actuated the piston of the steam cylinder it expands from
60 pounds to 30 pounds pressure, which reduces the sensitive and latent heat to
1190-3 degrees, and which gives only a difference of 12-9 degrees, which is abstracted,
therefore the engine only takes 12.9 degrees of sensitive and latent heat, leaving
11903 degrees for useful heating purposes, there is therefore only a loss of one
per cent. of heat in the steam in working the steam engine.
Should the superheater be placed below the water level in the boiler or below
the floor of the boiler I fit to the condensed steam pipes a steam trap and the water
is forced into the low pressure boiler by steam of the superheater supplied by the
high pressure boiler.
To secure the steam from the high pressure boiler to the superheater and to the
engine at a higher pressure than the steam in the low pressure boiler I fit a valve
hereinbefore described between the steam pipes of the high pressure boiler and the
steam pipes of the low pressure boiler, which regulates the pressure and gives a
positive difference between the high and low pressure boilers.
I also employ a superheater to prevent the priming of steam boilers; for this purpose
I fit between the steam pipe of the boiler and of a superheater a valve herein
described; the steam passes through the valve into the superheater and this steam
entering the superheater receives five pounds more or less increase of heat which will
raise any water passed into the superheater from the priming into steam, and the
steam thus freed from water passes through the pipes to the engine cylinder or for any
other use; should any of the water from priming or from condensed steam remain
it would fall into the bottom chamber of the superheater, and be returned to the
boiler by a return pipe or pipes fitted to the bottom part of the superheater.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Hanson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th March
1880.
RICHARD HANSON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer. " IMPROVED
MEANS OF ECONOMIZING STEAM OF STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN; ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE SAME FOR
DYEING, FINISHING, BLEACHING, PRINTING, OR ANY OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
The said Invention relates to employing the heat in the steam used for driving
the engine for heating purposes, whereby a saving of ninety per cent. or thereabouts
of the steam used for working the engines is effected.
For this purpose I employ two or more boilers and by preference a boiler for
supplying steam to the engine working at 60lbs. pressure, and a heating supply
boiler working at 30lbs. pressure, and also a non-condensing steam engine.
The steam after leaving the steam engine passes through a valve which is fixed
to the exhaust pipe of the steam cylinder; this valve is made with a casing in a
chamber of which is fitted a valve by preference of a "double beat" form; on the
top of the double beat valve is fitted a link which is connected to a lever which
works on a stud fitted in the lugs of a bracket which is secured to the side plate
of the valve chamber; the long arm of the valve lever is fitted with a rod to which
is secured a weight; this weight works in a tube fitted or cast in the valve casing,
and in the bottom part of the tube is fitted a small pipe made with a curved end and
extending outside the casing a sufficient height to equal the weight of mercury to
the reduced pressure; on the top of the pipe is fitted a cup. Mercury is placed in
the tube which acts upon the weight fitted to the lever of the double beat valve;
an increase of pressure on the plunger side would open the valves and lower the
weight in the tube, forcing the mercury up the small pipes into the cup, allowing
the higher pressure steam to mix with the steam in the exhaust steam pipes until
the pressure is at an equilibrium, and then the higher pressure steam would pass
through small steam pipes to the top of the cup, which forces the mercury down
the tube, lifting up the weight and closing the double beat valve. The valve
automatically prevents the steam flowing into the engine cylinder through the
exhaust pipe.
Between the exhaust steam pipes and the steam pipes of the low pressure
boiler, and fitted near the low pressure boiler I place a superheater constructed by
preference with a circular shell in which are fitted tubular coils of copper, brass,
or Muntz's metal, or irou; the ends of the tubes or tubular coils are secured in a
plate fitted and secured near the bottom of the superheater shell, and between the
coils are fitted partition plates or feathers.
Steam from the high pressure boiler enters the superheater through a small
steam pipe or pipes and enters through an opening drilled under the tube plate
in which the steam pipe is fixed; the steam passes through the coils and the
superheater is fixed on a brick or stone foundation, and by preference higher
than the water line of the boiler, which allows the condensed water from the
superheater to pass into the boiler below the water line by its own gravity.
Steam coming from the exhaust pipe into the exhaust steam pipes fitted to the
valve and passing in the superheater is at a less temperature than the steam coniing
into the superheater from the boiler or boilers, thus producing an increase of heat
to the steam coming through the exhaust steam pipes and which also heats the
condensed steam water, producing steam which mixes with the other steam in the
superheater, and which superheated or dry steam passes through pipes for heating,
dyeing, bleaching, finishing, printing, or any other required purposes.
To enable my improvements to be better understood I would observe that the
heat of steam at 60lbs. pressure, sensitive and latent, is 1207.3 degrees, and when.

page_text: this steam has actuated the piston of the steam cylinder it expands from 60lbs. to
30lbs. pressure which reduces the sensitive and latent heat 11976 degrees, which
gives only a difference of 10.2 degrees abstracted, therefore the engine only takes 10.2
degrees of sensitivo and latent heat, leaving 11976 degrees for useful heating purposes,
or only a loss from the heat of the steam of one per cent. after working the
engine.
Should the superheater be placed below the water level in the boiler or below
the level of the boiler floor, I fit the condensed water pipe with a steam trap and
the water is forced into the low pressure boiler by steam from the superheater
supplied by the high pressure boiler.
To secure the steam from the high pressure boiler to the superheater and to the
engine at a higher pressure than the steam in the low pressure boiler, I fit a valve
hereinbefore described between the steam pipes of the high pressure boiler and the
steam pipes of the low pressure boiler, which regulates the pressures and gives a
I also employ a
positive difference between the high and low pressure boilers.
superheater to prevent the priming of steam boilers; for this purpose I fit between
the steam pipe of the boiler and a superheater a valve herein described; the
steam passes through the valve into the superheater and the steam passed in the
superheater receives 5lbs. more or less increase of heat, which raises any water
passed in the superheater from the priming into steam, and the steam freed from
water passes through pipes to the steam engine cylinder, or for other use; any
water not raised into steam from the priming or from condensed steam falls in the
bottom chamber of the superheater and is returned to the boiler by a return pipe
fitted in the bottom part of the superheater.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed
to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing ich represents
a front elevation of my improvements.
A is the high pressure steam boiler working by preference at a pressure of 60lbs.
on the square inch, and which is used for supplying steam to the non condensing
steam engine B; the exhaust outlet or pipe C of the cylinder D is fitted with a
reducing valve E of a double beat form, but to which I would have it understood I
lay no claim, but that I only claim the mode of combining reducing valves with my
apparatus. The reducing valve E is used to automatically prevent the steam
flowing into the cylinder through the exhaust passage or pipe C; between the
reducing valve E and the low pressure boiler F, which by preference I work at a
pressure of 30lbs. on the square inch, I fit a superheater G which I construct by
preference with a circular shell H, in which are fitted the tubular coils or pipes I,
made of iron, copper, brass, or Muntz's metal, the ends of the coil or coils or of the
pipes or tubes I are secured in a plate J, and between the coil or coils or the tubes
is fitted a feather or plate K, or feathers are fitted thereto; the plate J forms the
top of a box or chest L in which the steam from the high pressure boiler A enters
and passes through a small steam pipe or pipes M fitted to the cylinder supply
steam pipes N ; the steam enters the box or chest at O and passes through the coil
or coils or through the pipes or tubes I, and to allow the condensed water from the
superheater to pass into the low pressure boiler F by its own gravity, the super-
heater is fixed on a brick or stone foundation P, and higher than the water line of
the boiler.
The exhaust steam passing through the reducing valve E into the superheater G
is at a less temperature than the steam entering through the steam pipes Qcon-
nected to the low pressure boiler F, which steam passing through the pipes Qgives
an increase of heat to the exhaust steam in the superheater, thereby heating the
condensed water and producing steam which mixes with the steam in the super-
heated and becomes superheated by the steam passing through the coil or coils or
through the pipes or tubes I; the superheated steam which is a dry steam passes on
through pipes R to be used for heating, dyeing, bleaching, finishing, printing, or other
required purposes.
The reducing valve E allows the higher pressure steam to mix with the steam

page_text: passing from the exhaust pipes until an equilibrium of pressure is obtained, the
higher pressure steam would then pass through a small steam pipe or pipes S and
act upon the mercury contained in the cup T, forcing the mercury down the tube U,
lifting up the plunger V, closing the valves W, which automatically prevents
the steam flowing into the cylinder of the steam engine through the exhaust
passage.
To secure a higher pressure of steam for the steam engine and for the steam
passing through the coils or tubes of the superheater than for the steam coming
from the low pressuse boiler I fit a reducing or equilibrium valve E between the
superheated steam pipes R and the high pressure steam pipes N, which regulatės
the pressures and gives a positive difference between the high and low pressure
boilers.
If the superheater is placed below the water level in the boiler or below the
level of the boiler floor I fit the condensed water pipe or pipes X with a steam
trap Y which forces the water into the low pressure boiler F by the steam from the
superheater supplied by the boiler A.
I also employ a superheater to prevent the priming of steam boilers, for which
purpose I fit a reducing or equilibrium valve passing between the steam pipes of the
boiler and a superheater, the steam passing through the valve into the superheater,
which receives 5lbs. more or less increase of heat, and which raises into steam any water
passed in the superheater from priming into steam and which steam passes through
the steam pipes to the cylinder, or for any other use; and any water from priming
or from condensation not raised into steam falls in the chest of the superheater
and is returned to the boiler by a return pipe fitted in the bottom part of the
superheater.
Having thus described my improvements and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details, shewn and described, as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what I do
claim is :-
The improved arrangements or apparatus for emyloying the heat in the steam
used for driving the engines for heating purposes, substantially as bereinbefore set
forth and described and represented in the accompanying Drawing, and consisting
mainly in combining high and low pressure boilers with a superheater.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Hanson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
ARTHUR WILSON,
21, Ripon Terrace,
Halifax.
RICHARD HANSON. (L.S.)