IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES, PUMPS, AND MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MINING, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Vivian, of Falmouth, in the County of
Cornwall, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES, PUMPS,
AND MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MINING, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 27th July 1869, and dated the 15th April 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Vivian at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1869.
I, JAMES VIVIAN, of Falmouth, in the County of Cornwall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES,
PUMPS, AND MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MINING, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to engines, pumps, and machinery chiefly to be
employed for mining purposes, and consists,-
Firstly. In fitting two pistons in one cylinder; these are driven
outwards by the action of steam admitted to the cylinder at or about

page_text: the middle of its length. The rods of each piston are connected to
vertical arms of rocking frames free to oscillate on arms or axles. The
inner ends of the rocking frames are jointed to a cross head or coupling
plate or plates capable of having an up-and-down movement imparted
to it on a guide rod or bar. This cross head supports the ropes or rods by
which the plungers are worked. When the steam has driven the pistons
the full length of their stroke the exhaust leading to the condenser is
opened, whereby a vacuum is formed. The outer air then acts upon the
pistons and drives them inwards to their first positions to be again acted
upon by the steam, as before mentioned.
Secondly. My Invention consists in fitting a tube inside the pump
barrel; one end of this tube carries a valve on which it finds its scating.
The valve is guided in its movement by a stud or pin on which it is free
to rise and fall. The upper end of the tube is connected by a bracket or
loop to the plunger rod. A portion of the barrel in which the tube
works is packed to prevent passage of water from one part to the other.
The lower part of the barrel has a valve fitted in it, and as the tube is
lifted the lower valve rises from its seats, the upper valve being shut (and
resting on the end of the tube). By the suction of the tube the water
rises up above the lower valve and fills the space between it and the
tube. On the down stroke of the tube the lower valve shuts the water
from the space, lifts the tube valve, and passes up into the space in the
pump head, from which it flows away in the required direction.
My Invention, thirdly, consists in fitting balls or lumps on the ends
of the wire ropes, by which the plungers of the pumps are worked.
These balls or lumps may be formed of metal secured to them by
soldering or otherwise, or they may be formed of "solder." I connect
the ropes to the plungers and to the cross head or coupling plate by
fixing the balls or lump between plates formed with recesses to receive
them, which plates are firmly clamped by bolts and nuts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Vivian in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
VIVIAN, of Falmouth, in the County of Cornwall, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Vivian, Her special licence
that I, the said James Vivian, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said James Vivian, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES,
PUMPS, AND MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MINING, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Vivian, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Vivian, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in fitting two pistons in one cylinder;
these are driven outwards by the action of steam admitted to the
cylinder at or about the middle of its length. The rods of each piston
are connected to vertical arms of rocking frames free to oscillate on
arms or axles. The inner ends of the rocking frames are jointed to a
cross head or coupling plate or plates capable of having an up-and-down
movement imparted to it on a guide rod or bar. This cross head supports
the ropes or rods by which the plungers are worked. When the steani
has driven the pistons the full length of their stroke the exhaust
leading to the condenser is opened, whereby a vacuum is formed; the
outer air then acts upon the pistons and drives them inwards to their
first positions to be again acted upon by the steam, as before mentioned.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows a sectional elevation
of a cylinder A, in which two pistons B, C, are fitted aecording to the
description before referred to; both pistons are shown at about the
middle of their stroke, that is about the mid-distance between the central
part of the cylinder and the outer ends. The entrance for the steam into
the cylinder may be at any part of the central portion, either at the top
at the sides, or at the bottom, as found most convenient, and its pressure
causes both pistons to travel towards the ends of the cylinder at the
same time, each piston forming an abutment for the steam to act against.
The supply of steam may be cut off at any part of the stroke so that
the quantity admitted may be used expansively or not as required.
When the pistons have travelled a fixed distance they uncover a port or
ports at each end leading to a condenser so that the cylinder becomes
empty. The ends of the cylinder A are open for allowing the connecting
rods D, E, which are jointed to them to follow the course determined by
the motion of the vertical arms or levers F, G, pinned to their outer
ends. These vertical arms or levers are centred upon journals or
axles H, I, within bearings upon a foundation or framework J, and
admit of a rocking or oscillating motion being given to the vertical
arm F, G, and the other parts K, L, of the rocking frame of which they
form part when the pistons are at work. The parts K, L, with the tie
rods or pieces M, N, form a compact and strong framing for lifting the
pump cross head or coupling plate P, which is connceted to the inner
ends of the parts K, K, while the parts L, L, act as a counterpoise,
and from their situation they assist in bringing the inner ends of
the parts K, K, upwards while the steam is acting upon the pistons.
The cross head P is provided with slots for the blocks or bearing
pieces of the journals or pins of the parts K, K, to slide in during
the up-and-down movements of the pump plunger or bucket. The
cross head P is hollow and rides upon a fixed guide rod Q, which
passes through it, so that it shall work in a straight up and down easy
manner, without any liability to jam either in the up or in the down
stroke. Both ends of the cross head are furnished with end pieces
which are screwed down upon them to contain the lubricated material in
place. The lubricant with which the material is supplied serves to
keep the guide rod Q well greased. I fit the outer ends of the con-
necting rods D, E, with springs or buffers R, R, so that when the
pistons have been driven the required dis ance the buffer ends strike
against fixed abutments S, T, whereby the springs recieve the blow or

page_text: shock which would otherwise be given to the frame, and which of
course would in a short time prove detrimental to the effective working
of the engine and machinery. In some cases I fit spring buffers to the
face of the fixed abutments to receive the blocks on the ends of the
connecting rods on their outward strokes, or both the ends and the
abutments may be fitted with springs if found desirable.
The second part of my Invention consists in fitting a tube inside the
pump barrel, one end of this tube carries a valve on which it finds its
seating. The valve is guided in its movement by a stud or pin on which
it is free to rise and fall. The upper end of the tube is connected by
a bracket or loop to the plunger rod. A portion of the barrel in which
the tube works is packed to prevent passage of water from one part
to the other. The lower part of the barrel has a valve fitted in it, and
as the tube is lifted the lower valve rises from its seat (the upper valve
being shut and resting on the end of the tube). By the suction of the
tube the water rises up above the lower valve and fills the space between
it and the tube. On the down stroke of the tube the lower valve shuts
and the water from the space lifts the tube valve and passes up into
the space in the pump head from which it flows away in the required
direction.
This second part is represented in the sectional view, Figure 2, and in
the elevation Figure 3. U is the tube which is fitted inside the barrel V
and receives an up and down motion from the rod W. The upper
end of the tube is looped, as shown, for the rod W to be connected
to, and also to retain the upper valve X in place. The stem of the valve
rides in an aperture formed in the loop, so that the valve is guided into
position both in the up-and-down stroke of the tube U. The barrel in
which the tube works is packed by any suitable packing, and to
facilitate the packing being got at I fit a cover or plate Y on one
face of the barrel, this plate is secured by screw bolts, as shown. Below
the tube and in a recess formed in the barrel I fit a valve Z, which
has an up and down movement imparted alternately to it by the suction
and the back pressure of the water, as is well understood. This mode
of constructing pumps is applicable to all kinds of pumping apparatus,
and may be employed in pumps which work horizontally as well as in
those that work vertically.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in fitting balls or lumps on the ends
of the wire ropes by which the plungers of the pumps are worked.

page_text: These balls or lumps may be formed of metal secured to them by
soldering or otherwise, or they may be formed of "solder." I connect
the ropes to the plungers and to the cross head, or coupling plate by
fixing the balls or lumps between plates formed with recesses to receive
them, which plates are firmly clamped by bolts and nuts.
Figure 4 is a view of the end of a rope with balls or lumps a, a,
formed or fitted on it. These lumps are received in recesses formed for
them in the inner faces of the plates b, b, which are firmly bolted or
screwed together by bolts being passed into the holes c, c, c, as seen in
Figure 5. If I desire to connect the rope or ropes to the cross head
direct I form the recesses for the balls or lumps in one or more of the
faces of the same as shown in Figure 1, and I secure plates similarly
recessed over them. These lumps may be made by bulging the rope
out at the required part or parts by placing loose pieces of metal
under and between the strands, or loose pieces of metal may be secured
on the rope or ropes by solder.
In some cases I make the lumps of solder itself and shape it on them
to fit the recesses by hand or by dies or moulds. This way of connecting
ropes for mining and other purposes will be found of great service in
repairing broken or over strained ropes, or ropes in which weak places
are found.
Although I have mentioned balls or lumps as being fitted to the rope
or ropes, I wish it to be understood that flat or other shaped ropes as
well as round ropes may be repaired or secured in the manner herein-
before described.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the
first part of my Invention, -
The construction and employment of engines and the machinery in
connection therewith for pumping and other purposes in the manner
herein-before described and represented in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. I claim the arrangement and employment of a tube fitted
in a pump barrel in the manner and for the purpose herein-before de-
scribed and represented in Figures 2 and 3 of the annexed Drawings.
And, thirdly. I claim the fitting of balls or lumps to ropes for mining
and other purposes in the manner and for the purposes herein-before

page_text: described and represented in Figures 1, 4, and 5 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Vivian, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
JAMES VIVIAN. (L.S.)