matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Marsland and Peter
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th October 1865.
We, EDWARD MARSLAND and PETER WILLIAMS, both of the City of Man-
chester, and County of Lancaster, Engineers and Machinists, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO MACHINES FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:
Our improvements relate, firstly, to an apparatus to be used in place of or
as an improvement upon the ordinary "beater" employed in machines for
opening and cleaning cotton, and it consists in mounting upon each set of
arms from an axis a bar or plate having two or more projecting edges, one of
which may be plain and the other serrated, so that when the axis is rotated
these projecting plain and serrated edges will strike in succession upon the
fibrous material to be acted upon as it passes through the feed rollers. The
spaces between the bars or plates carried by the arms are enclosed, so that
the fibrous material will be prevented from getting in the space within
the arms.
Secondly, our improvements relate to arrangements for driving the feeth
rollers of opening and cleaning machines from the beater axis, so that the
speed of the feed rollers may be changed with facility, and it consists in.
gearing a shaft by means of a worm and worm wheel with the axis. of the.
beater, and another shaft with the axis of the feed roller in a similar manner;,
then in securing a series of toothed wheels upon each shaft from large to

page_text: small diameters, the large wheels upon one shaft being opposite the small
wheels upon the other shaft, motion being transmitted from a wheel on one
shaft to the opposite wheel on the other shaft by an endless toothed chain,
and the change of speeds is effected by moving this endless toothed chain
from one set of toothed wheels to another.
A NEW MEDICINE FOR THE CURE OF THE DISEASES OF THE STOMACH (DYSPEPSY, CARDIALGY, INDIGESTION) AND THE HEMORRHOIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Laurence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1865.
I, OSCAR LAURENCE, of 226, Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MEDICINE FOR
THE CURE OF THE DISEASES OF THE STOMACH (DYSPEPSY, CARDIALGY, INDIGESTION)
AND THE HEMORRHOIDS," to be as follows:-
This new medicine composed of the entirely innocent substances:-2 oz.
socatrine aloes, oz. zedoary, oz. gentian, oz. rhubarb, oz. agaric, and oz.
saffron mixed together with 1 gallon of pure corn brandy is prepared by
distilling at a moderate heat during eight days, and when strained through
linen, and cool, will be fit for use.
The prescription is two table spoonfull in the morning before breakfast and
the evening before going to bed.
It is a really efficacious remedy for the cure of 1, the diseases of the
stomach [dyspepsy, cardialgy, indigestion]; 2, the hemorrhoids; especially
such as have defied the hitherto known medical means, and were considered
incurable. My medicine cures them perfectely so that not the least trace of
those disases, however deeply rooted, will be left.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW WRENCHES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Buckingham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1865. A communication from abroad by Charles Churchill, of New
York, in the United States of America.
I, JAMES BUCKINGHAM, of Westmoreland House, Walworth Common, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW WRENCHES," to be as follows:-
These improved screw wrenches are in appearance very similar to ordinary
screw wrenches, but instead of the main stem being screwed in the handle to
give motion to open or close the jaws it is a fixture thereto. The sliding jaw
is fitted to and slides on the handle stem, and is furnished with a cylindrical
piece under the said jaw, which cylindrical piece lies parallel with and close to
the stem, and may or may not have toward the handle a second strap or band
surrounding and sliding on the stem at some distance from the jaw, according
to the size of the wrench with which it is connected by the cylindrical piece.
The cylindrical piece has a screw thread internally, being, in fact, the nut or
female screw of a second rod or bolt inserted therein, having its other end
resting in a bearing projecting from the ferrule part of the handle, this bearing
permits its rotation, but prevents any longitudinal motion. Instead of the
cylindrical part being projected towards the bandle the jaw itself may be of
sufficient depth to receive the screw, or that part may be of other form exter-
ually, but with the female screw internally; the second strap or band encircling

page_text: the stem as before mentioned may be dispensed with. The screw bolt is
furnished with a knurled or roughed head or thick disc, by which the screw is
to be rotated. The rotation of the screw propels and moves the sliding jaw
and opens or closes the wrench, as may be required, and which can be done
by one hand while holding and working the wrench, that is to say, in one and
the same hand.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Joyce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1865.
I, THOMAS JOYCE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Commission
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in breech-
loading fire-arms, by which improvements the fire-arms may be rapidly loaded
and discharged, and may be used as muzzle-loading as well as breech-loading
fire-arms. I make the barrel open at its breech, and-fix it firmly in the body
of the gun by screws or otherwise; that part of the body at which the open
breech is situated is provided with two projections, the inner curved sides of
which serve to guide the cartridge into the open breech of the barrel. To one
of the said projections a strong plate or closer is jointed, which said plate or
closer is capable of turning in a vertical plane upon its joint. When the said
plate or closer is raised the open breech end of the barrel is clear for the
introduction of a cartridge, but when the plate or closer is shut down it closes
the breech end of the barrel, and is supported firmly by the two projections
described against the end of the barrel. A strong spring acts on the heel of the
plate and forces it home either into its raised or depressed position when it has

page_text: been partially brought into the required position by hand. The action of the
said spring upon the said plate resembles that of the spring of a clasp knife
upon the blade of the said knife. The free end of the said plate or closer is
provided with a thumb plate, by which it can be raised or lowered. The plate
or closer may either be jointed on the right or left hand side of the gun, but
I prefer to joint it to the left-hand side...
Breech-loading fire-arms made according to my Invention may be provided
with a nipple and be discharged by a percussion cap, and used either as breech-
loading or muzzle-loading fire-arms; or they may be made without a nipple,
and the hammer be made to strike the pin or rim of a pin or rim cartridge.
They may also be made to use central-fire cartridges. In this case the plate
or closer has a central opening through which the cartridge is discharged, the
hammer being shortened so as to bring its head opposite the centre of the
plate or closer.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHIP AND OTHER COMPASSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lilley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1865.
I, JOHN LILLEY, of Holt House, Bancroft Road, Mile End, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIP AND OTHER COMPASSES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain steadiness and precision to the
magnetic needle or indicator. For this purpose, in addition to the magnetic
needle or indicator as usually employed, I in addition use another magnetized
bar or needle, which is suspended in spirit or other liquid that will not freezo
at ordinary temperature. The chamber containing this liquid, and the
additional magnetized bar, is placed below the ordinary or indicating needle or
medium, and as the upper needle will adjust itself with the south pole thereof
to the north pole of the lower one, I form the lower needle or bar of power
sufficient to control and govern the upper one, which is marked to indicate
accordingly. The lower needle or bar is formed with a centre cone, by which
it is suspended upon a central pivot, and there is a communication through its
chamber by a rod or shaft, and arms or levers, and screw or other adjustment,
by which the bar suspended in the spirit may be raised off its pivot, and the
upper portion of its cone pressed against a corresponding conical support
provided for it, and there held when desired.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPASSES, CALLIPERS, AND DIVIDERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac John Handley and Charles
Wilkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition
on the 1st December 1865.
We, ISAAC JOHN HANDLEY, of Aston-juxta, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and CHARLES WILKINS, of the same Place, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPASSES, CALLIPERS, AND DIVIDERS,"
to be as follows:-
Hitherto the pin which forms the axis upon which the two legs turn has
been a permanent rivet.
Our first improvement consists in employing an adjustable screw instead of
the said permanent rivet. We prefer to employ either a thumbscrew or a
fly burr and screw, but any other similar mechanical equivalent for holding
the two joints in any given or required position may be adopted.
We propose also to countersink the inner part of the head or joint, by
which means the friction of the joint is removed from its centre outwards, and
thus the holding power of the screw is increased.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROPELLING VEHICLES AND SHIPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Spink at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1865.
I, DANIEL SPINK, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of Somerset,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROPELLING VEHICLES AND SHIPS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to
be as follows:
My improvements in propelling ships and carriages consist in the appli-
cation of the pressure which a column of steam exerts when escaping either
into the atmosphere or a condenser, the direction of which force is opposite
to that of the escaping steam. One, two, or more valves are employed, which
may be worked by a small separate engine, or by any other suitable means,
and which are placed in the pipe or pipes or channels through which the
steam passes, so arranged that one valve is open while the other is closed, as
seen in the annexed Drawing, with references marked thereon. The amount
of steam allowed to escape being only equal to the amount the space between
the two valves will contain, and one valve being opened during the interval
of time required to fill the space between the valves, the unbalanced pressure
at the opposite and fore end will exert a force to propel the vessel or carriage
in the direction required. The steam which is allowed to escape may either

page_text: do so into the atmosphere or into a condenser disposed in the rear of the
boiler (for propelling ahead) in which it is to be condensed in the ordinary
manner, and the vacuum maintained by an air-pump driven by the small engine
used to operate the valves.
I do not consider this plan as one for regulating the flow of steam into
the atmosphere or the condenser solely by means of valves, as I propose to
accomplish the same end either by diminishing the amount of cooling surface
(in the case of a surface condenser being used), or by decreasing the quantity
of cold water admitted to condense the steam (in the event of condensing
by the ordinary method of injection) or in any other manner which may be
found suitable; and in the event of the apparatus being used without a
condenser, advantage may be taken of the velocity of the escaping steam to
increase the draught of air through the furnace and flues, as in the ordinary
high-pressure engine.

page_text: In this position of valves there i
no unbalanced, pressure, no
expenditure of steam and no
propelling action
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND FIXING COLOURS IN FIBRES, YARNS, AND FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1865. A communication from Auguste Jeannolle, residing at
the Commune de Clichy-la-Garenne, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND
FIXING COLOURS IN FIBRES, YARNS, AND FABRICS," communicated from Auguste
Jeannolle, a person residing at the Commune de Clichy-la-Garenne, in the
Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved process for fixing colours in fibres,
yarns, and fabrics, and in an improved mode of producing a fast or permanent
black dye in connection with the above process.
The process consists in impregnating the fibres, yarns, and fabrics with a
solution of resinous matter in alcohol or other suitable composition capable of
forming an enduring varnish, and then submitting the said fibres, yarns, or
fabrics to a distilling process, which leaves only the varnish adherent to them.
This process may or may not be followed by a baking or beating intended-for
completing it. Greater or less pressure may be used in the still. All the
known colours except the fast black may be fixed by this process. To obtain

page_text: a fast black to be fixed by this process the following baths should be em-
ployed-First, pyrolignite of aluminum, decomposed by heat to fix the
aluminum; second, Campeachy or log wood, with a yellow or astringent
matter; third, a weak bath of phosphate or acetate of copper, and a heated
bath of bichromate of potash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON PRESSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clotworthy Boyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1865. A communication from abroad by Samuel Boyd, of New
Orleans, in the State of Lousiana, in the United States of America.
I, CLOTWORTHY BOYD, of Ironmonger Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COTTON PRESSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers particularly to that portion of the press in which
the bale of cotton is to be placed, and is specially applicable to that form
of press known as Tyler's Cotton Press." In order to make the distance
between the upper and lower plateaus, between which the bale is placed,
greater or less, according to the size of the bale to be pressed, I use two
wedges inserted underneath the upper plateau, which may be pressed for-
ward or drawn out by chains and pulleys or such other suitable machinery.
These wedges are supported by a longitudinal frame attached by bolts or
screws or otherwise to the sides of the press. For the further and effectual
pressing of any bale of cotton I cause a lateral motion to be applied to
the wedges in the upper plateau, which I effect by a reciprocating action.
through the medium of a chain and pulleys worked by hand or steam
power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF HOT-WATER DISHES, HOT-WATER PLATES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Parkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1865.
I, JOSEPH PARKES, of John Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Wholesale Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF
HOT-WATER DISHES, HOT-WATER PLATES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
Hot-water dishes, or dishes filled with hot water, for the purpose of imparting
heat to the viands placed thereon, are usually wholly or in part composed of
Britannia or similar metal, but in some cases that part on which the viands
are laid is made of porcelain or earthenware. I do not in practice confine
myself to the use of any metal or material, or to any mode of combining them.
It is well known that the constant filling of the cavity of a hot water dish
with boiling water causes the metal to give way either by caving in or bulging
outwards. This result is consequent upon the whole of the surfaces being
interiorly unsupported, or in other words being of single planes. I propose
to form in the centre of the interior surface or bottom plane of the dish a
hollow strengthening piece or inward projection forming a pillar of oval or
any other shape or form closed at its top and sides, but open at the base or

page_text: bottom; this projection or support passes upwards until its top touches the
bottom of the superior surface (or plate) of the dish. The support or
pillar may be formed of one piece with the bottom of the dish, or a hole may
be cut therein and a separate hollow piece be soldered or otherwise fitted in.
When the boiling water is poured into the usual orifice it fills the vacuum
between the two surfaces, and surrounds the hollow vertical support; the
effect of which support or strengthening piece on the lower part of the dish
is to hold it as it were well together, while as its top touches and supports the
upper surface or plate (which the meat presses downwards) no caving in or
bulging out can occur. This mode of construction is also applicable to hot
water plates.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN PREPARING LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William West at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March 1865.
I, WILLIAM WEST, of Tredenham House, St. Blazey, in the County of
Cornwall, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN PREPARING LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing lubricating
compounds, and consists in the employment of kaolin (china clay) or mica,
or mixti res of these substances, in combination with tallow or other fatty or
oily matters. Coal or other tar is also usually employed with or without other
ingredients according to the effect desired to be obtained. The proportion of
the china clay or mica, or the mixtures thereof, may be greatly varied, but
as a general rule such substance or substances is or are to form the base or
principal ingredient of the lubricating compound. The materials are mixed
intimately together, applying heat when necessary in making the compound.
The fatty and oily matters may in some cases be saponified, or have combined
there with alkalies or alkaline earths or oxides; other ingredients may be added
to the mixture; but it is believed that compounds consisting of kaolin or mica,
or mixture thereof combined with tar and tallow, or other fatty or oily matters
are best suited for general purposes. Although the proportions of the several

page_text: substances may, as before mentioned, be greatly varied, it may be stated that
a suitable lubricating compound for the bearings of steam machinery, and
the axles of carts, waggons, and such like uses is produced by combining the
above-mentioned substances in about the following proportions:-
112 lbs. of kaolin or mica, or a mixture thereof.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LANTERNS FOR BURNING HYDRO-CARBON FLUIDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Septimus Macrae at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th.
January 1865.
I, ALEXANDER SEPTIMUS MACRAE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Oil Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LANTERNS FOR BURNING HYDRO-CARBON FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement of lantern for enabling
petroleum, paraffin, and other hydro-carbon fluids to be burned efficiently
without the use of a glass chimney. At the lower part of the lantern there
are perforated plates for the admission of air, and at the top a mock chimney
or draughting medium, which chimney is part and parcel of the lantern, and
is made of various heights and diameters according to the size of the burner,
and by its use there is sufficient draught to burn the fluid without emitting
smoke, and as before said without the glass chimney.
AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August
1865.
I, JAMES ALFRED TURNER, of Nutsford Vale, West Gorton, near Man-
chester, in the County of Lanchester, Waterproof Paper Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COVERING
FOR ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS," to be as follows:-
For covering drawing rollers or cylinders used in preparing and spinning
cotton or other fibrous materials, instead of leather and other materials
hitherto used for that purpose, I use ordinary paper with flocks or other
similar material, attached to the surface thereof by some adhesive substance.
Or if found desirable. I cover the surface of the paper with caoutchouc in a
liquid state which will give it the necessary flexibility required, and reduce
the first cost very considerably below the value of leather. Or I combine the
paper with woollen or cotton fabrics, attached by any elastic gum or paste, which
makes an excellent covering.
I also reserve to myself the right of using plain paper alone, without
being flocked or covered, which may answer the purpose for some fibrous
materials.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joe Green Hey and Valentine
Savory at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th May 1865
We, JOE GREEN HEY, of Cleckheaton,. in the County of York, India-
rubber Manufacturer, and VALENTINE SAVORY, of Hartishead-cum-Clifton, in
the same County,. Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR AND MEANS
OF EXTINGUISHING FIRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a means of retarding and extinguishing
fire in mills, warehouses, or other buildings, which we effect as follows:-
We form of brass, or other metal or material, a hollow perforated cylinder;
in one end of the said cylinder a hole is bored and fitted with a plug of
brass or other metal, secured therein by solder or other,readily fused metal,
or the hole may be fitted with a plug of gutta percha or india-rubber. Inside
the cylinder is a spindle, one end resting on the above-mentioned plug, the
other end being enlarged and convex for the purpose of forming a valve; in
the other end of the said cylinder is screwed a short pipe having a concave
recess in its end fitting and pressing to the convex end of the said spindle,
thus forming a valve; the other end of the above-mentioned pipe is screwed
into a hole made in the water or steam pipes usually employed in mills or
warehouses.

page_text: The action of this apparatus is as follows:-On a fire occurring the flames
or heat reaching this apparatus, the solder, gutta percha, or india-rubber
immediately fuses, the plug falling out removes the support from the spindle
and valve, which at once opens and allows the water, steam, (sulphureous acid,
or other fire-extinguishing gases,) to enter the cylinder through the perforations
in which it is discharged in various directions, the holes or perforations in
the cylinder being bored at various angles for the purpose of facilitating
distribution.
The apparatus above described may be constructed with a hollow cylinder
as above described, or a dome-shaped or other convenient form may be
employed, and perforated as above described, for receiving and directing the
discharge of water, steam, or fire-extinguishing gases.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walker Moseley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
1865.
I, WALKER MOSELEY, of Nos. 17 and 18, King Street, Covent Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, Tool Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate and expedite the sending of
telegraphic messages by using metallic types with the signs in relief, so that by
passing them at a regular pace past a metallic point which makes and breaks
the circuit the same signs are indicated at the destination as quickly as they
can be received. The principle can be adapted to either the needle telegraphs
or the Morse telegraph, but I prefer the "Morse" telegraph, as the Morse
receiving instrument and the "Morse alphabet," with this method of sending,
would be simpler and quicker than those at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPANDING OR KEEPING FABRICS STRAIGHT IN PASSING INTO, THROUGH, OR OUT OF ANY MACHINE, OR OVER, UNDER, OR UPON ROLLERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edleston and John Schofield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,.
on the 29th December 1865.
We, WILLIAM EDLESTON, of Sowerby Bridge, in the County of York, Dyer
and Finisher, and JOHN SCHOFIELD, of the same Place, Crabber, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EXPANDING OR KEEPING FABRICS STRAIGHT IN PASSING INTO, THROUGH, OR OUT
OF ANY MACHINE, OR OVER, UNDER, OR UPON ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an expanding roller of peculiar construction and
mode of operation. It consists of a round shaft fixed at each end in two
arms of a swing frame; also two bosses with screw grooves therein, fixed one
at each end of the shaft within the arms; and intermediate of these bosses
are four other bosses loose on the shaft, and to enable them to run freely
friction rollers are introduced to bear on the shaft, and across their circum-
ferences slots are formed suitable to receive T-headed bolts or similar articles;
also a series of wooden lags or segments suitably formed to cover the bosses
and constitute a roller, which lags are in two lengths notching into each
other in the middle of the roller. These lags are secured to the bosses
by T-formed castings fixed on the inner surface of the lags, and fitting
easily in the slots; and to enable them to slide freely in the slots a friction
roller is placed on each side thereof. A stud pin carrying a friction roller
fitting easily within the skew grooves is also fixed to the inner surface of
each lag. The tags or segments are thus enabled to revolve freely around

page_text: the grooved bosses, and the skew or obliquity of one groove being in opposi-
tion to the other causes the lags to expand or separate from each other in the
middle (where they meet end to end) at one part of the revolution, and close
again at the opposite part. The rotation of this roller is produced by surface
contact with the fabric to which it is applied to keep straight, and the skew-
grooved bosses are placed in suitable relative position tô causé expansion at
the proper time: The frame is capable of oscillation, and its pressure is
capable of being adjusted by means of chain, pulleys, and weights, or chain,
lever, and moveable weight.
AN IMPROVED SOCKET FOR PIPES, AND METHOD OF JOINING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Pierce at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1865.
I, GEORGE HENRY PIERCE, of Meavy, in the County of Devon, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SOCKET FOR PIPES,
AND METHOD OF JOINING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming one end of pipes with a tapered socket to
receive a spigot on the end of the next following pipe, which spigot is also
tapered to fit into the tapered socket. I form the spigot with a flange round
its base or largest circum ference to prevent the lead or other material used
for packing from being forced out by the pressure in the pipes. The base or
smallest circumference of the socket is provided with a corresponding flange
or shoulder in order that for heavy work, or where the joint is likely to get
injured by the shaking of machinery or otherwise, a cramp iron may be
placed on each side to clip or hold the flange on the spigot and the flange
or shoulder on the socket; the cramp irons may be secured by a ring driven
tightly over them.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STANDARDS FOR STRAINED WIRE OR ROD FENCING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January 1865.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of Mon-
more Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, and Gracechurch
Street, in the City of London, Iron Hurdle and Fencing Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STANDARDS FOR STRAINED WIRE OR ROD FENCING," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
My improvements in the iron standards for supporting the wires or rods in
ordinary iron fencing consist in forming rect or other angular lateral openings
from the side of the standards into the holes for the wires or rods to lie in.
The advantages of such standards are that instead of threading the wires or
rods through holes in the standards such wires or rods may be passed through
the lateral angular openings, and be held in their position by keys or other
suitable convenient means.
As a modification I purpose in some instances rolling iron for fence standards
with a projecting flange on one side, and applying a flange on the other, which
when clipping the thin edge will present not only an uniform appearance but
add strength to the standards as well as hold the wires or rods composing the
fencing in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES, OPERA GLASSES, TELESCOPES, AND SIMILAR APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Gutmann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1865. A communication from Etienne Boudry, residing at Quartier de
la Sorbonne, Paris.
I, JEAN GUTMANN, of 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECTACLES, OPERA GLASSES, TELESCOPES, AND SIMILAR
APPARATUS," communicated to me by Etienne Boudry, a person residing at
Quartier de la Sorbonne, Paris, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to opera glasses and telescopes a
small lens fixed at the centre of the eye-glass, or when the opera glasses or
telescopes are of very small size, and their glasses very near each other, in
forming the eye-glass of two-thirds of a concave glass and one-third of a
magnifying glass, the sections being made from surface to surface. The
object of both these arrangements is to suppress the prismatic glasses which
serve for correcting the images.
The improvement in spectacles consists in adapting at the place of the
ordinary glasses small twin opera glasses made as above, which, like ordinary
opera glasses may be regulated by a screw rack or other mechanism.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPLYING SPRINGS TO TWO-WHEELED CARRIAGES,, TO PREVENT THE UNPLEASANT JOLTING MOTION OF THE DRAUGHT ANIMAL ATTACHED THERETO BEING COMMUNICATED TO THE BODY OF THE VEHICLE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1865.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Coach
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPLYING SPRINGS TO TWO-WHEELED CARRIAGES,, TO PREVENT THE
UNPLEASANT JOLTING MOTION OF THE DRAUGHT ANIMAL ATTACHED THERETO BEING
COMMUNICATED TO THE BODY OF THE VEHICLE," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in applying springs.
to two-wheeled carriages, to prevent the unpleasant jolting motion of the
draught animal-attached thereto being communicated to the body of the
vehicle, and consists in jointing the rear end of the shafts to the fore part of
the body of the carriage, or to a rigid stay or stays attached to the body of
the carriage, and which by preference project a little forward therefrom
horizontally or in a curved line, and in applying to the under side of each
shaft a spring, the lower end of which is jointed to a stud piece, or. small.
bracket at the lower end of the stay piece, when a stay piece is used, near the
front of the under side of the body of the carriage; and the other end may be
connected to a bracket or stud piece immediately below the joint on the rear.
end of the shaft, or a little in advance thereof. The spring to be used at the
top is slightly curved backwards, so as to form what may be called an OG

page_text: spring. When the spring is jointed at the point immediately below the joint
connecting the shaft to the body or stay-piece, a rigid metallic stay is jointed
to about the centre of the under side of the spring, and is carried forward a
short distance in advance of the shaft joint, and is connected to the under
side of the shaft, but when the spring is attached to the under side of the
shaft, the connecting rod or link is jointed to the upper side of about the
centre of the spring, and is jointed to the rear end of the shaft in connexion
with the body of the carriage, or rigid stay, springing therefrom. The
springs are so constructed that they will play equally each way, that is to
say, both upwards and downwards, and may each consist of a centre spring
on the end of which are formed, the, connecting, eyes, to receive the joint bolts
and elastic or semi-elastic surrounding tubes or packings. One or more scale
plates may be fitted on the top and bottom of the centre spring plate. To
prevent jarring at the joints, it is proposed to surround the joint pins with
a cylinder of vulcanised india-rubber, gutta percha, or suitable substitute
therefor for damping the sound which would arise from the jar of the several
parts of metal vibrating against each other.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ansell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1865.
I, WILLIAM ANSELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of improvements in the locking and unlocking
action of breech-loaders constructed upon the break-down and snap principle.
A slot is cut vertically through the under part of the body to receive a stud or
catch upon the under side of the breech-end of the barrels. In this slot a bolt
works through the break-off; the bolt itself is slotted in the direction of its
length to receive a bent lever secured by the side pin; a spring attached to the
under side of the back strap, and bearing upon the rear of the bolt keeps the
bolt up to its work; the fore end of the bolt is formed into a beak to adapt
it to engage in the catch upon the stud formed upon the under side of the
breech end of the barrel, so that when the barrels are closed down upon the
body the bolt snaps into the catch. The bent lever protrudes through the
fore end in front of the trigger guard, but only a sufficient length for the fore-
finger to operate in drawing it slightly back, by which operation the beak of
the bolt is withdrawn from the catch, and the parts are released for charging,
the action of closing them down again fully securing them for discharge.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE EDGES OF PAPER. HANGINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus Larmuth at the-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents,. with. his Petition, on the 29th.
July 1865.
I, ALFRED AUGUSTUS LARMUTH, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,..
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE EDGES OF PAPER. HANGINGS," to be.
as follows:-
The paper hangings to be cut are passed continuously between two surfaces,.
the sides of one of which are provided with edges which project beyond the..
edges of the other, and thus form continuous shears.. I propose employing a
pair of rollers for carrying the above-mentioned cutting edges, and which, at
the same time draw the paper hangings forward. These rollers I.form: in:
two parts as regards their length, and within them I place springs, which.
force the two portions apart or draw them together, thus causing the cutting:
edges to press against each other. The springs however may be controlled
for the purpose of adjustment by screws adapted to their axes.. The paper
hangings I mount upon a rod, from which they are drawn by the above-
mentioned rollers, and after having been cut they are wound upon another
roller.
AN IMPROVED ORNAMENTAL FLOWER Box
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Colven at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1865.
I, GEORGE COLVEN, of 21, Upper Dorset Street, in the City of Dublin,
House Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ORNAMENTAL FLOWER Box," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of flower box which is intended to be
placed in windows and similar localities, and consists in making such boxes so
as to be not only durable but of a highly ornamental character.
The main portion of the box is composed of wood, and made of any desired
size and shape, lined with zinc embedded in pitch, with a view to the preser-
vation of the wood work. The exterior sides and ends of the box are covered
with panes of glass, which are painted, gilt, or otherwise ornamented on the
inner surface, and laid upon a layer of pitch applied to the exterior surfaces of
the box, which preserves the wood as well as the ornamental work on the
glass. The edges of the panes of glass are covered and secured by a rebated
moulding of wood or metal which overlaps the edges of the panes. When
circular, oval, or round ended boxes are required bent glass is used, and the
zine lining of course is made to conform to the contour of the box.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR RETARDING OR STOPPING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRAINS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mead at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August 1865.
I, JOHN MEAD, of Abridge, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR RETARDING
OR STOPPING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved means or apparatus for retarding
and stopping railway carriages and trains with greater facility and certainty
than by the break apparatus usually employed, and whereby I am enabled to
arrest the progress of a train within a comparatively short time and distance
after bringing my improved apparatus into action. For this purpose in place
of applying the ordinary break power to the wheels of the carriages I mount
a lever or levers on each of the carriages and locomotive engine, such levers
being connected together by a rope, chain, "coupling," or other contrivance,
in order that they may all be acted upon simultaneously, either by the guard
or driver, so as to cause the ends of the whole series of levers to act with
great pressure upon the permanent way of a railway, and thus offer a great
amount of frictional resistance to the progress of the train. Upon the per-
manent way a suitable surface is laid (by preference of wood) for the lower
end of each of the series of combined break levers to act upon, the ends of the
levers being furnished with blocks of wood or other frictional surfaces. The
break levers of each adjoining carriage may be connected together by a suit-
able coupling bar, so that the whole series of levers may be brought into

page_text: action simultaneously by suitable gearing, as is well understood, actuated by
the guard or driver when required to arrest the progress of the train. I
would remark that the power exerted upon the break levers previously
described will be so arranged as not to have the effect of lifting the carriages
above or from off the rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edkins, James Newman,
and Thomas Greaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th August 1865.
We, CHARLES EDKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Button
Manufacturer, JAMES NEWMAN, also of Birmingham, aforesaid, Jeweller, and
THOMAS GREAVES, likewise of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BUTTONS," to be as follows (that is to say):
Our improvements in the manufacture of buttons consist in forming the
shank or means of attachment (whether to be sewn on or otherwise) of a
spherical form, and which sphere is encompassed by the front shell or back
shell separately or combined in such a way as to allow the front not only to
revolve on the said ball, but also to be depressed on the one side and elevated
on the other, for the convenience of fastening or unfastening, in fact the said
ball forms with the shell or shells (which may be plain, covered, or ornamental)
what may be termed a ball-and-socket joint.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR TOOTH POWDER, AND FOR CONVEYING THE SAME FROM SUCH RECEP- TACLE TO THE TOOTHBRUSH, SO AS TO ECONOMISE THE USE OF THE POWDER, AND TO PREVENT THE ESCAPE OF THE PERFUME WITH WHICH IT MAY BE SCENTED
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archer Farr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1865.
I, ARCHER FARR, of Dunstable, in the County of Bedford, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
RECEPTACLE FOR TOOTH POWDER, AND FOR CONVEYING THE SAME FROM SUCH RECEP-
TACLE TO THE TOOTHBRUSH, SO AS TO ECONOMISE THE USE OF THE POWDER, AND TO
PREVENT THE ESCAPE OF THE PERFUME WITH WHICH IT MAY BE SCENTED," to be as
follows:-
The name attached to the Invention is "The Ampulla," signifying a bottle
or flask; it is composed of three parts, the body or receptacle, a perforated
nipple which screws on to the body, and a cap covering the nipple. The
nipple may be either screwed on at the point F, or may be made in one
piece with the body and be screwed on to the base at point E.
In the accompanying Drawing, A represents the body; B represents the
perforated nipple; C represents the cap; D represents "The Ampulla" as a
whole. The perforated nipple is concave in form, being designed to limit the
distribution of the contents of the body to a given space. The mode of using
it is as follows:-The toothbrush being first moistened with water, the outer
edge of the nipple is rotated upon the brush, whereby sufficient powder escapes.
on to the brush for the purpose of cleansing the teeth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
June 1865. A communication from abroad by Abram Samuel Mitchell,
of Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention of improvements in steam boilers is to produce
steam in a more rapid manner than has heretofore been accomplished and
with a less consumption of fuel than is ordinarily employed. This result is
secured by inserting between that portion of the boiler subjected to the
direct action of the fire and the main body of the water a semicircular false
bottom or lining which is so arranged as to allow a narrow space between it
and the boiler plate in order that the water may circulate freely all round it,
and also that there may be a comparatively small quantity of water acted
upon at one time by the heat of the fire below. Stean will by this means be
generated very quickly, and as it passes out of the narrow space or chamber
it escapes into the upper portion of the boiler in a completely disengaged
state. In order to prevent the lining from resting on the bottom of the
boiler a series of short pins or studs are fixed in the under side of the lining
at certain distances apart, and a pair of triangular shaped braces .or rods

page_text: extending to the top of the boiler are placed at either end of the lining to
prevent any upward movement. An important advantage rosulting from
this method of constructing steam boilers is that the incrustation usually
formed in boilers is entirely obviated, the sedimentary deposits being swept
away by alternate currents of water and steam into the trough or space
formed by the lining, and from which space the sediment can be easily
removed at pleasure. In adapting the Invention to horizontal and vertical
tubular boilers the tubes are surrounded or enclosed with a casing of larger
diameter so as to leave a water space between the tubes, and the casings
which are kept in their place by means of studs or pins as in the other
arrangement.
AN IMPROVED MERCURO-HYDRAULIC MOTOR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1865.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Eugene
Louvier, of Paris, France.
J, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MERCURO-HYDRAULIC MOTOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention is based upon the property of mercury on account of its
density of imparting an ascensional power to water which passes through it.
I utilize this ascensional power which water in traversing mercury possesses
to cause a paddle or bucket wheel to rotate, and thus obtain motive power.
This Invention consists in the employment in a vessel c (see the annexed
Drawing) containing mercury, of a bucket or paddle wheel a, and in causing
water to traverse or rise through this mercury, the pressure of the water
being greater than that of the mercury, and being derived from a reservoir
f, on a higher level, the water in rising through the mercury forms a con-
tinuous jet, which acts upon the buckets of the wheel, part of which enters the
mercury and produces rotary motion in the wheel; the motion may be taken
from the shaft 6 of the wheel to drive any machinery required.