IMPROVE- MENTS IN HORIZONTAL CONTINUAL CENTRIFUGAL CREAMING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel, Civil Engineer and Patent
Agent, in the City of Hamburg, Germany, for the Invention of “ IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORIZONTAL CONTINUAL CENTRIFUGAL CREAMING MACHINES." A
communication from Heinrich Petersen, of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Hermann Felix
Engel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1879.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL CONTINUAL
CENTRIFUGAL CREAMING MACHINES." A communication from Heinrich Petersen,
of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to apparatus for separating cream from milk, and consists
in the employment of an horizontal main shaft placed in bearings, on the free ends
(or on one end only) of which centrifugal creaming apparatus or apparatuses of
novel shape and construction is or are secured. Each apparatus is open at the
outer side, is freely accessible, and the operation of creaming is a continuous one.
The construction of the apparatus or apparatuses is as follows:-On one or on
both free ends (if the machine is double working) of the main shaft, which is driven
from a motor, a cylinder is fastened, which is open at its outer side and furnished
with a bell shaped bottom plate. Over the bell of the cylinder bottom a sheet iron
cover is placed, which is furnished with a central opening, and which is fastened to
the bottom of the cylinder, leaving a certain free space between the bell and
cylinder or cover. When the machine is put in rotation while empty a continual
adjustable stream of milk is led or passed into the machine between the cover and
the bell through the central opening of the cover.

page_text: In consequence of the centrifugal action the milk moves along the inner surface
of the cover into the cylinder, where the process of separation takes place. The
meagre milk, that is, the heavier portion, tends towards and covers the inner
surface of the cylinder in form of a ring of certain thickness, whilst the creamy
portions congregate upon the inner surface of the milk ring, and likewise in form
of a ring of certain thickness. The meagre milk flows out of the machine over the
edge of the cylinder in consequence of the pressure of the fresh milk led or passed
into the machine, whilst the cream is skinned from the milk by means of an adjust-
able steel knife which is brought against the cream ring, and on and along the
prolongated and curved surface whereof the separated cream flows out of the
machine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th September 1879.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the City
of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORIZONTAL CONTINUAL CENTRI-
FUGAL CREAMING MACHINES." A communication from Heinrich Petersen, of Ham-
burg, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to apparatus for separating cream from milk, and consists
in the employment of an horizontal main shaft placed in bearings, on the free ends
(or on one end only) whereof centrifugal creaming apparatus or apparatuses of
novel shape and construction is or are secured. Each apparatus is open at the
outer side, is freely accessible, and the operation of creaming is a continuous one.
The construction of the apparatus or apparatuses is as follows:-On one or on
both free ends (if the machine is of double construction) of the main shaft, which is
driven from a motor, a cylinder is fastened, which is open at its outer side and
furnished with a bell shaped bottom plate. Over the bell of the cylinder bottom a
sheet iron or copper cover is placed, which is furnished with a central opening, and
which is fastened to the bottom of the cylinder, leaving a certain free space between
the bell and cylinder or cover. When the machine is put in rotation while empty
a continual adjustable stream of milk is led or passed into the machine between the
cover and the bell through the central opening of the cover.
In consequence of the centrifugal action the milk moves along the inner surface
of the cover into the cylinder where the process of separation takes place. The
meagre milk or "skim milk," that is, the heavier portion, tends towards and covers
the inner surface of the cylinder in form of a ring of certain thickness, whilst the
creamy portions congregate upon the inner surface of the milk ring, and likewise
in form of a ring of certain thickness. The "skim milk" flows out of the machine
over the edge of the cylinder in consequence of the pressure of the fresh milk led
or passed into the machine, whilst the cream is skimmed from the milk by means
of an adjustable steel knife, which is brought against the cream ring and on and
along the prolongated and curved surface whereof the separated cream flows out of
the machine.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section
of apparatus constructed according to this Invention; Fig. 2, a front view, partly
in section; and Fig. 3, a ground plan of the machine, likewise partly in section.
B is the horizontal main shaft placed in bearings A; C is the centrifugal vessel,
which is open towards the front of the machine This vessel C is furnished with a
bell shaped bottom plate a, and is fastened to the free end of axle B; D is the
cover, which is fastened to the vessel C, and which leaves a certain free space
between bottom and cover.
For operating, the machine is in empty state put in rotation. The new milk is
led into the machine through pipe d, from which it passes through the free space
between the bottom and cover into the vessel C, where the separation of the cream
from the milk takes place in consequence of the centrifugal action.
The cream is removed from the machine by means of an adjustable steel knife o,
which peels or skims the cream from the meagre milk in sufficient or required
thickness. The continual action of the machine is secured by the new milk, which
is continually passed into the machine, and which continually tends to move the
separated cream and the "skim milk" towards the open end of the machine. The
rotating cream ring therefore moves continually towards the edge of knife o, and is
skimmed or peeled off from the milk in form of a peeling, which is removed from
The skim
the machine and passes along by way of a prolongation of the knife o.
milk can either be pressed over the edge z, z, of the vessel C, and be received in a

page_text: mantel M; or it may be directly pressed into the mantel M through fine borings in
the wall of vessel C. From M the "skim milk " is drawn off through opening h.
Instead of one knife o two or more may be applied to take off several peelings of
cream of different specific gravity successively.
Instead of a cylindrical form the vessel C may be constructed of any convenient
shape; and Fig. 4 of the annexed Drawing shows a modified form of vessel C. For
removing the skim milk a ring or several rings, fastened to the vessel C and
rotating with same, may be applied, by means of which in combination with
channels m, m, placed near the wall inside the vessel, those parts of the skim milk
enclosed in the vessel can be removed therefrom, which are placed nearer to the
wall of the vessel then the overflow edge z, z, of the latter. The milk of lowest
quality always settles near the outer wall of the vessel C.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and shown by the
Drawings how the same may be readily carried into practical effect, I claim,-
First. The separation of cream from milk by centrifugal action in vessels placed
on the free ends of horizontal axles, which vessels are open towards the fronts of
the machines, substantially as described.
And, Second. The application of the knives for the purpose of skimming or
peeling the cream from the milk when the machine is in action, in the manner sub-
stantially as described and explained by and in reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty fourth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.