IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY-WHEEL CUTTING MACHINES, AND IN THE MEANS FOR DRIVING EMERY WHEELS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE MOUNTING OF WHEELS, PULLEYS, AND SHAFTING GENERALLY, AND FOR TRANSMITTING A RAPID ROTARY MOTION TO MACHINERY REQUIRING THE SAME.
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Russell Gubbins, of Wolverhampton, in the
County of Stafford, Engineer, and Arthur Henry Bateman, of East Greenwich,
in the County of Kent, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
EMERY-WHEEL CUTTING MACHINES, AND IN THE MEANS FOR DRIVING EMERY
WHEELS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE MOUNTING
OF WHEELS, PULLEYS, AND SHAFTING GENERALLY, AND FOR TRANSMITTING A
RAPID ROTARY MOTION TO MACHINERY REQUIRING THE SAME.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Russell Gubbins
and Arthur Henry Bateman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 28th February 1879.
RICHARD RUSSELL GUBBINS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, and ARTHUR HENRY BATEMAN, of East Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY-WHEEL CUTTING MACHINES, AND IN
THE MEANS FOR DRIVING EMERY WHEELS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO THE MOUNTING OF WHEELS, PULLEYS, AND SHAFTING GENERALLY,
AND FOR TRANSMITTING A RAPID ROTARY MOTION TO MACHINERY REQUIRING THE
SAME"
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in machines in which emery
wheels are employed as the cutting tools whether operating upon flat or other
surfaces.
The improvements in these machines have in part a much wider application in
so far as they relate to the centering of shafts or axles in their bearings, and the
fitting of wheels and pulleys to their axles, and such portions of our improvements
will therefore be described apart from these special machines, and as constituting
the second head of the Invention.
The third head of our Invention relates to an adjustable hanger in which our
improved mode of centering shafting is employed.
The fourth head of the Invention has reference to driving machines at a great
speed, and these improvements relate specially to the driving of emery wheels,
which for their, efficient action should receive a rapid rotary motion.

page_text: In constructing a machine for facing or grinding plane-surfaces we mount the
emery wheel (one or more) upon a horizontal spindle, to which a reciprocating
endway motion is given, and we combine therewith an adjustable tipping bed, on
which is mounted the slide for supporting and feeding up the work.
The horizontal shaft or spindle which carries the emery wheels runs in two fixed
bearings near its ends, and it is prolonged beyond these bearings to receive at each
end a driving pulley. This spindle is caused to traverse endwise in its bearings by
means of a sliding bar, which embraces its ends and receives motion from a rock
lever with which it is connected, such rock lever being mounted on a fixed fulcrum,
and receiving motion from a rotary cam. The shaft of this cam forms a fulcrum on
which the bed is capable of being tipped to enable it to adjust the height of the
work to the emery wheel. The raising and lowering of this bed we effect by
means of a supporting screw, and the traverse of the slide upon the bed
to feed the, work up to and past the cutting wheel we effect by the following
means:-
The feed screw we make hollow, and through it we pass a spindle which carries
a worm wheel in gear with a worm on the cam shaft.
By connecting the spindle and screw by friction gear the screw is driven, and
the feed effected at a rate proportioned to the reciprocating motion imparted to the
emery wheel; but independent of the rate of rotation of that wheel, the screw may
however be rotated by hand in eithor direction to advance the work up to or
withdraw it from the cutting wheel.
In adapting the emery wheel to the cutting of screws, such for example, as those
which we employ for the stems of valves, we mount the wheel on a vertically
adjustable horizontal spindle, and the screw which is cast and trimmed up to the
approximate form required we attach to a horizontal spindle which is formed with
a master screw, and is rotated and traversed under the action of the emery wheel
by means of a handle, the spoed being determined by the efficiency of the cutting
wheel, the periphery of which is formed to correspond with the space between the
coils of the screw thread.
The horizontal spindle is provided at one end with a pulley attached as herein-
after described for receiving power by means of a belt in the usual way, and has
also fixed to it a friction plate or disc. Attached to the lower end of the vertical
spindle are two metal discs or collars connected by screws, and between which is
compressed a ring of raw hide, india rubber, paper, or other suitable material, which
projects slightly beyond the collars, and presses against the face of the friction plate
or disc.
When the horizontal spindle is caused to rotate the motion is communicated to
the vertical spindle by the contact between the face of the disc and the edge of
the raw hide rim. The diameter of the friction disc is made greater than that of
the friction ring on the vertical spindle to allow of the rate of increase of speed
transmitted to the grinding wheel being regulated to suit emery wheels of different
diameters.
To ensure that the two spindles shall be mounted in the same plane, and truly at
right angles with each other, we make the framing as follows:-Each of the bosses
of the framing destined to receive the bushes for the two spindles is cored out to
receive a running of white metal as hereinafter described. A round bar of a
slightly greater diameter than that of the outside of the bushes of the horizontal
spindle is passed through the horizontal holes cored out to receive them. Another
round bar of a slightly greater diameter than that of the outside of the bushes for
the vertical spindle is passed through holes cored out respectively for them; these
two bars are then fixed together, and they are so prepared that when thus fixed
they form a rigid T shaped piece, the vertical axis of which is truly in the plane
and at right angles, or at the required angle to the axis of the horizontal bar.
The chambers in the bosses are then run in with white metal, and when set the
bars are removed, the bosses will then be ready to receive the bushes for the

page_text: spindles. The bushes when required may be formed of cast iron chambered out as
described in the case of the bosses; they are placed upon mandrils of slightly
greater diameter than the spindles respectively, or upon conical or taper mandrils
when cone bearings are to be used, and run in with Babbitt's metal or other
suitable composition; they are then turned on the outside in the lathe to the
proper diameter to fit the bosses, when they can be removed from the mandrils and
inserted in their positions in the frame without further preparation. When it is
necessary (as in the case of the horizontal spindle) to have the end play of a spindle
taken up by an end screw, the end of the cast iron bush is cast solid, and being
bored out and tapped to the required size, it is then screwed on to the end of a
mandril previously prepared for it and run in with Babbitt's metal, as before
described. This ensures uniformity of size and absolute axial correctness. To
disengage the mandril it only necessary to unscrew it from the bush. This modo
of fitting spindles to their bushes, and their bushes to the framing which carries
them, it will be understood is applicable to machinery generally. The same remark
applies to the means now to be described for fitting wheels and pullies to their
spindles.
The pullies for the driving belts are fitted to the spindles in the following
manner: The end of the spindle-which is to receive the pulley is made conical
and at the larger end of the cone a short screw thread is formed.
The boss of the pulley is cored out with a chamber, one end being left solid as
in the case of the bushes last described. The solid end is then bored out and
tapped, and then screwed upon a taper mandril to correspond with the end of the
spindle and run in with Babbitt's metal. The pulley will then accurately fit tho.
spindle, and the belt being arranged to run in the proper direction its movement
will always keep the pulley tight by means of the screw drawing the conical surfaces
together.
In driving these emery wheel machine it is advisable to use a counter shaft
intermediate between the line shaft and the machine; and as in most cases it is found
convenient to affix the bearings of each countershaft to the roof or ceiling of tho
workshop, the timbers of which are rarely parallel to the floor upon which the
machine has to be fixed, it is desirable that the hangers or brackets which carry the
countershaft should be capable of adjustment in themselves, so that the bearings
may be brought to their true positions without cutting away the timbers or using
packings, or otherwise interfering with existing structures. With this object wo
make the top plate of the hanger (which comes next to the roof or floor of timber
to which it is to be attached) cruciform. Near the end of two opposite arms of the
cross are two holes to receive wood screws or bolts for attaching the hanger to the
beam. The cross arms are tapped to receive adjusting screws which are made to bear
against the beam and steady the hanger; and by slackening one of these screws and
tightening up the other the adjustment of the hanger to a vertical plane may be
readily effected.
Similarly in the opposite direction the hanger may be adjusted by slackening one
and tightening the other of the supporting screws; the regulating screws in such
case constituting a fulcrum of adjustment.
The socket bearing on the hanger is cast with a plug at right angles thereto, such
plug having turned upon it parallel rings. In order to attach this socket bearing
to the hanger the pendent end of the hanger is chambered out to receive a lining of
soft metal which is run in while the plug of the socket is inserted within the
chamber.
Thus the plug becomes surrounded with soft metal and is held in place thereby,
while at the same time it is free to turn to permit of its socket bearing adjusting
itself to the line of shafting. The socket bearing will in this case be chambered out
to receive soft metal which is to be run in around a mandril corresponding in
diameter with the shafting to be employed therewith.
We will now describe the means for driving emery wheels and other articles which
require to be rotated at a high velocity. One mode is to fit on the spindle of the

page_text: wheel, fan, saw, or other instrument, a small band pulley and on either side thereof
a large band pulley, one of which is made adjustable-in its bearings.
To.these pulleys we fit two bands and arrange them side by side in such manner
that one band will pass under the small or intermediate. pulley and over and under
the larger pullies, and the other band will pass over the small intermediate pulley
and under and over the large pullies. Thus the speed imparted to the axle of one
of these large band pullics will be multiplied in its transmission to the smaller
pulley in proportion to their relative diameters, and the drag on the spindle will be
neutralized as it will receive both an upward and a downward drag from the drawing
bands.
To obtain a multiplied speed from gearing we fit the boss of a band pulley with
a radial spindle for receiving a bevil wheel, and.on the driving shaft on which this
band pulley is mounted loosely a bevil wheel is keyed in gear with the bevil wheel
of the pulley. This pulley wheel also gears into a fixed bevil wheel attached to a
standard carrying a bearing of the driving shaft.
If now rotary motion is given to the driving pulley it will, by reason of the
bevil gearing, transmit for every one of its rotations two rotations to the driving
shaft.
"
If now it is required still further to increase the speed a second band pulley is
mounted loosely on the driving shaft, and upon the hub of this pulley is cast a bevil
wheel.
Facing this wheel is a bevil wheel corresponding therewith and made fast to.
another standard.
Between these two bevil wheels the driving shaft is fitted with a collar for carrying
a rādius arm which forms a stud axle for a bevil wheel which gears into the two
adjacent bevil wheels just mentioned. This collar being keyed to the driving shaft,
its bevil wheel will be caused to roll over the face of the fixed bevil wheel, and
gearing into the wheel on the hub of the band pulley, it will drive that pulley at four
times the speed of the first band pulley.
In this way by multiplying the above described gearing any desired rate of speed
may be got up in one line of shafting.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Russell Gubbins & Arthur Henry Bateman in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th August 1879.
RICHARD RUSSELL GUBBINS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, and ARTHUR HENRY BATEMAN, of East Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEEL CUTTING MACHINERY, AND IN
THE MEANS FOR DRIVING EMERY-WIIEELS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO THE MOUNTING OF WHEELS, PULLEYS, AND SHAFTING GENERALLY,
AND FOR TRANSMITTING A RAPID ROTARY MOTION TO MACHINERY REQUIRING THE
SAME."
This Invention relates, firstly, to improveinents in machines in which emery
wheels are employed as the cutting tools whether operating upon flat or other
surfaces.
The improvements in these machines have in part a much wider application in
so far as they relate to the centering of shafts or axles in their bearings, and the
fitting of wheels and pulleys to their axles, and such portions of our improvements
will therefore be described apart from these special machines, and as constituting
the second head of the Invention.
The third head of our Invention relates to an adjustable hanger in which our
improved mode of centering shafting is employed.
The fourth head of the Invention has reference to driving machines at a great
speed, and these improvements relate specially to the driving of emery wheels,
which for their efficient action should receive a rapid rotary motion.
In constructing a machine for facing or grinding plane surfaces or surfaces with
a regular curve, we mount the emery wheel upon a horizontal shaft. to which a
reciprocating endway motion is given, and we combine therewith an adjustable
tipping bed or table on which is mounted the slide for supporting and feeding up
the work.
This machine is shewn in Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 being a
side elevation, Fig. 2, a plan view, and Fig. 3, a front end elevation of the same.
A, A, is a rectangular frame carrying two side standards A', A', which are fitted
at their upper end with bearings to receive the emery wheel shaft B.
C is the emery wheel secured to the shaft by nuts in the usual manner. The
horizontal shaft B is prolonged beyond its bearings to receive at each end a driving
pulley D. These driving pullies receive motion through bands from an overhead
shaft, and thus impart a steady motion to the cutting wheel shaft. This shaft is
caused to traverse endwise in its bearings by means of a sliding bar E, which
embraces its ends and receives motion from a rock lever F with which it is
connected. This rock lever is pivotted to one of the standards A², and carries at
its lower end a stud pin which enters a groove in the periphery of a cam G
mounted on a shaft G', having its bearings in the rectangular frame A. The cam
shaft G' forms a pivot on which the bed H for receiving the work is capable of
being tipped, to enable it to adjust the height of the work to the emery wheel.
The raising and lowering of this bed we effect by means of a supporting screw H',
which is fitted with a nut H³ carrying trunnions that rest in notches formed in
lugs cast on the inner side of the framing A. A hand wheel H³ on the lower end
of the screw H' is provided to rotate the screw, and thereby raise or lower the
tipping bed.
.
The top end of the screw is rounded to fit into a cup shaped socket on the
underside of the bed, and thus the screw resting on the trunnions of the nut H® is
free to adjust itself to the varying angles of inclination of the bed. Fitted to the
bed H is a slide I which carries the work that is to be operated upon. The traverse
of this slide upon the bed to adjust the position of the work, or to feed the work
up to and past the cutting wheel we effect by the following means:-Iª¹ is a feed

page_text: screw which is made bollow throughout its length to receive a rod I², which is
fitted at its rear end with a head, and is screwed at its forward end to receive a
nut I for the purpose to be presently explained. Mounted loosely on the rear end
of this screw is a worm wheel I' through which an axial motion is imparted to
the screw through a worm I on the cain shaft. By tightening up the nut Is, the
head of the rod 12 will be caused to press the worm wheel tightly on the screw.
This wheel will then transmit rotary motion to the screw, whereby the slide will
receive a continuous traverse when such motion is desired for feeding the work past
the emery wheel. The screw may however be rotated by hand in either direction
to advance the work up to or withdraw it from the cutting wheel, and for this
purpose it is fitted with a handle I at its forward end. Before working the screw
by hand it will be requisite to slacken the nut I³, and thereby disconnect the screw
from the driving mechanism.
The machine shewn in Sheet I. is represented as acting upon a band pulley, the
periphery of which is to be curved transversely in the usual manner by means of
the emery wheel, which receives as already explained a short traverse motion to
ensure the equal wearing of the cutting surface.
To enable the emery wheel to produce this curved surface on the band pulley,
the latter besides receiving an axial feed motion to bring all parts of its periphery
under the action of the emery wheel, requires also that its supporting plate should
be reciprocated on a centre, and for this purpose it is mounted on the slide I in the
following manner :-
Bolted to this slide is a plate K on which is formed a raised ring to receive a
turn plate K. Through the plate K in the centre of the raised ring a hole is made
to receive a screw bolt which passes up through the turn plate, and forms the
centre of motion for that plate. A nut fitted to this bolt holds the parts together.
The turn plate is cast with a pair of lugs on its face which form bearings for a
short horizontal axle, the use of which is to connect as by a pivot-pin a forked
frame K with the turn plate.
This forked frame is intended to receive the band pulley L which is to be
operated upon by the emery wheel, and for this purpose it is fitted at its upper end
with bearings for the spindle of the pulley, which spindle is made fast to the pulley
before placing it in the machine.
Projecting from the turn gate K¹ is a short arm K³, which by means of a ball
and socket joint is connected to a rod K* which is jointed to a crank pin projecting
from the side of the cam G.
As therefore this cam rotates a reciprocating motion will be imparted to the turn
plate K' and consequently to the band pulley L, which, under the action of the
omery wheel, will have its periphery shaped transversely, corresponding to a curve
struck from the pivot of the turn plate as a centre.
On one end of the spindle carrying the band pulley L is keyed a band pulley K³
which receives from an overhead band a slow rotary motion, which it imparts
through the spindle to the pulley L. Thus while the emery wheel is rotating
rapidly, and slowly reciprocating in its bearings, the work brought into contact
therewith will be quickly brought to shape by reason of the continuous recipro-
cating and rotating motion applied thereto, its contact with the emery wheel being
ensured by the proper adjustment of the bed, as already explained.
To facilitate the fitting of certain part of this machine, viz., the cam shaft G' in
its bearings and the driving pulleys to their shafts, the contrivances hereafter
explained more particularly with reference to Sheet III. of the Drawings, and
indicated by dots in Figures 2 and 3, Sheet I. are employed.
In adapting the emery wheel to the cutting of screws, such, for example, as those
which we use for the stems of valves, we employ the arrangement shewn in
Sheet II. of the Drawings, where Fig. 4 is a side elevation, Fig. 5, a plan view,
and Fig. 6, an end elevation of a screw cutting machine.
In these Figures, A is a table to which is bolted a standard B faced on its upper
end to receive a plate, which is made fast thereto by a centre bolt. Pendant from

page_text: this plate C are two lugs which form bearings for a spindle which carries an emery
wheel D at one end and a cone driving pulley at the other. By slackening the
centre bolt the emery wheel may be brought to any desired angle with the work
and then secured in that position.
The valve spindle to be acted upon is cast with a screw thread, which thread we
finish by means of an emery wheel, the working edge of which has a section
corresponding to the space between the coils of the screwthread.
This valve spindle we secure to a mandril E mounted in bearings carried by a
plate F which is bolted to a tipping bed G, similar to that described with reference
to Figures 1, 2, and 3.
•
In this case, however, instead of using a lifting screw we employ a cam below
the bed for raising and lowering it to suit the depth of cut required. This cam is
shown at H as mounted on a pivot pin fixed to the frame of the machine, and it is
formed with a handle for turning it upon its pivot.
To provide for a greater range of adjustment than the cam would be capable of
giving a regulating screw I is fitted to the tipping bed to bear upon the cam. By
turning this screw down to its full extent an increased lift of the bed may be
obtained equal to the length of the supporting screw.
Attached to one end of the mandril E is a master screw E¹ which fits into a
threaded lug projecting upwards from the plate F. This master screw is rotated
by a handle E so as to present the valve stem to the action of the wheel D, which
having been adjusted to suit the pitch of the screw will follow the thread on the
valve spindle as it is drawn past it by the combined action of the master scrow and
mandril.
In constructing a machine to receive a horizontal emery wheel, or one of which
the side forms the cutting or grinding surface, we use friction gear for driving the
wheel spindle.
In Sheet III. of the Drawings we have shewn an arrangement of machinery for
grinding flat surfaces by a horizontal wheel, Fig. 7 being a longitudinal vertical
section, and Fig. 8 an end elevation of the same.
The framing consists of two A shaped standards connected together at their apex
by a cross piece, which consists of a vertically chambered boss.
One of these standards is cast (ón its inner face) with a bracket which contains
a similar boss, that is arranged immediately below the first mentioned boss.
These bosses are intended to receive the bushes for a vertical spindle A, to the
upper end of which is attached a flat emery wheel A¹. The standards are also cast.
with horizontal bosses in line with each other, and chambered like the vertical
bosses to receive the bushes for a horizontal driving spindle B. The axes of the
two spindles A and B are in the same vertical plane.
The horizontal spindle is provided at one end with a pulley B', attached as
hereinafter described, for receiving power by means of a belt in the usual way.
This spindle has also fixed to it a friction plate or disc B³. Attached to the lower
end of the vertical spindle are two metal discs or collars connected by screws, and
between which is compressed a ring of raw hide, india rubber, paper, or other
suitable material A, which projects slightly beyond the collars and presses against
the face of the friction plate B
When the horizontal spindle is caused to rotate the motion is communicated to
the vertical spindle by the contact between the face of the disc and the edge of the
raw hide or other rim. The diameter of the friction disc is made greater than that
of the friction ring on the vertical spindle to allow of the rate of increase of speed
transmitted to the grinding wheel being regulated to suit emery wheels of different
diameters, and for the same purpose the collars embracing the friction ring A' are
made adjustable on their spindle.
To ensure that the two spindles shall be mounted in the same plane and truly at
right angles with each other we make the framing as follows:-Each of the bosses
of the framing destined to receive the bushes for the two spindles is cored out, as
shewn in the sectional elevation, Fig. 9; to receive a running of white metal, as
"
•

page_text: hereinafter described. A round bar of the same diameter as that of the outside of
the bushes of the horizontal spindle is passed through the horizontal holes cored
out to receive them. Another round bar of the same diameter as that of the
outside of the bushes for the vertical spindle is passed through holes cored out
respectively for them. These two bars which are shewn in place at A*, B*, Fig. 9,
and constitute core bars, are then fitted together, as shewn in the Figure, and form
a rigid T shaped piece, the vertical axis of which is truly in the plane and at right
angles to the axis of the horizontal bar.
The chambers in the bosses are then run in with white metal, and when set the
bars are removed. The bosses will then be ready to receive the bushes for the
spindles. The bushes may be formed of cast iron, chambered out as described in
the case of the bosses.
They are placed upon mandrils of the same diameter as the spindles respectively,
(or upon conical or taper mandrils, when cone bearings are to be used,) and run in
with Babbitt's metal or other suitable composition; they are then turned on the
outside in the lathe to the proper diameter to fit the bosses, and when so prepared
they will take the appearance of the bush shewn in section at Fig. 10.
On the cooling of the white metal the bushes may be removed from the mandrils
and inserted in their positions in the frame without further preparation. When it
is necessary (as in the case of the horizontal spindle) to have the end play of a
spindle taken up by an end screw, the end of the cast iron bush is cast solid, and
being bored out and tapped to the required size, it is then screwed onto the end of
a mandril previously prepared for it, as shewn in the sectional view, Fig. 11. The
white or Babbitt's metal is then to be run into the bush, as before described.
This mode of preparing and filling the bearings for the spindles ensures uniformity
of size and absolute axial correctness. To disengage the mandril when the white
metal has set it is only necessary to unscrew it from the bush.
It may be here remarked that this mode of fitting spindles to their bushes, and
the bushes to the framing which carries them, is applicable to machinery generally.
The same remark applies to the means now to be described for fitting wheels and
pullies to their spindles. In the above described machines the pullies for the driving
belts are fitted to their shafts or spindles in the following manner :-The end of the
spindle which is to receive the pulley is made conical, as best illustrated at Fig. 7,
and at the larger and of the cone a short screw thread is formed.
The boss of the pulley is cored out with a chamber, one end being left solid, as
in the case of the bush described with reference to Fig. 11. The solid end is then
bored out and tapped, and then screwed upon a taper mandril corresponding in
shape and size with the end of the spindle to which it is to be fitted. The Babbitt's
metal is then to be run into the chambered boss of the pulley. The pulley thus
prepared will accurately fit the spindle, and the belt being arranged to run in the 4
proper direction, its movement will always keep the pulley tight by means of the
screw drawing the conical surfaces together.
In driving the emery wheel machines above described, it is advisable to use a
countershaft intermediate between the line shaft and the machine, and as in most
cases it is found convenient to affix the bearings of such countershaft to the roof or 4
horizontal timbers of the workshop, which timbers are rarely parallel to the floor
upon which the machine has to be fixed, it is desirable that the hangers or brackets
which carry the countershaft should be capable of adjustment in themslves, so that
the bearings may be brought to their true positions without cutting away the
timbers, or using packings, or otherwise interfering with existing structures. With
this object we use the arrangement shewn in Sheet IV. of the Drawings, where
Figure 12 is a side view of an adjustable hanger for carrying a bearing of one of
these countershafts; Fig. 13 is a plan view of the same; and Fig. 14 is a vertical
cross section of the hanger.
In these Figures A is the top plate of the hanger that comes next to the roof or 5
floor of timber to which it is to be attached.. This plate is made cruciform, as shewn
at Fig. 13, and from it depend the arms B; which are cast therewith, and are

page_text: Near the ends of the
long arms of the cross are two holes, to receive wood screws or bolts for attaching
the hanger to the overhead bearer. The short arms are tapped to receive adjusting
screws a, which bear against the beain and steady the hanger. By slackening one
of these screws and tightening up the other, the adjustment of the hanger to a
vertical plane may be readily effected.
connected together at their lower ends by a chambered boss.
Similarly, in the opposite direction, the hanger may be adjusted by slackening
one and tightening the other of the supporting screws. The regulating screws a in
such case constituting a fulcrum of adjustment, C is the socket bearing of the hanger
cast with a plug c at right angles thereto, such plug having annular recesses turned
in it. In order to attach this socket bearing to the hanger, the pendent end of the
hanger is chambered out, as before mentioned, to receive a lining of soft metal
which is run in while the plug of the socket is inserted within the chamber.
Thus the plug becomes surrounded with soft metal, and is held in place thereby,
while at the same time it is free to turn to permit of its socket bearing adjusting
itself to the line of shafting. The socket bearing will in this case be chambered out
to receive soft metal, which is to be run in around a mandril corresponding in
diameter with the shafting to be employed therewith, as above explained with
reference to Fig. 10.
.
We will now describe the means for driving emery wheels and the articles which
require to be rotated at a high velocity. This part of our Invention is illustrated
in Sheets V., VI., and VII. of the accompanying Drawings.
In Sheet V. we have shewn this part of our Invention as applied to the driving
of a forge fan, Fig. 15 being a plan view, Fig. 16 being a sido elevation, and
Fig. 17 and end elevation of the same. A is the fan spindle, on which is mounted a
small pulley B, and in the same vertical plane with this pulley are two band
pulleys C and D of much larger diameter.
To these pulleys we fit two driving bands, and arrange them side by side in such
manner that one band will pass under the small or intermediate pulley, and over
and under the larger pulley, and the other band will pass over the small inter-
mediate pulley, and under and over the larger pullies, as is clearly shown in the
Drawing.
The spindle A of the fan has its bearings in the fan case, and bracket arms are
bolted to the forge case to receive the spindle of the driving pulley C. To provide
for maintaining the tension of the driving bands the spindle of the pulley D is
made adjustable. For this purpose it is mounted in a forked frame E, which is
hinged to a pair of lugs projecting from the underside of the forge hearth. This
forked frame is cast with a tail piece, through which projects a screwed pin F
made fast to the underside of the hearth. A nut run on to the end of this screwed
pin will serve to press against the tail piece of the frame E and tipping the frame to
draw the slack bands to tension.
It will now be understood that the speed imparted to the driving pulley C will
be multiplied in its transmission to the smaller pulley B in proportion to their
relative diameters, and the drag on the spindle A will be neutralized, as it will
receive both an upward and a downward drag from the driving bands.
In Sheet VI. our improved driving band gear is shewn as applied to the driving
of a circular saw, Fig. 18 being a side view and Fig. 19 a plan view of the
apparatus.
In this arrangement the same letters are used as in Sheet V. to indicate corre-
sponding parts. The saw marked A' is mounted on the spindle A which carries
the small pulley.
In Sheet VII. we have shewn a novel arrangement of gearing for obtaining various
rates of increased speed. Fig. 20 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of this
gearing, the same being intended to multiply the driving speed at two rates of
increase, but it will be presently obvious that three or more rates of increase may
be readily obtained if desired.
A, Fig. 20, is a longitudinal shaft mounted in fixed bearings which constituto

page_text: the centres of stationary mitre wheels B, B, attached to standards C, C. Fitted
loosely on the shaft A is a band pulley D, which carries a radial spindle d for
receiving a mitre wheel. E, and on the driving shaft on which this band pulley is
mounted loosely a mitre wheel F is keyed in gear with the mitre wheel E.
By the side of the band pulley D is a loose pulley D* for receiving the driving
band when the mechanism is to be thrown out of action.
If now rotary motion is given to the driving pulley D it will by reason of the
bevil gearing transmit for every one of its rotations two rotation to the driving
shaft A, which motion may be taken off from the pulley C, which is fast on that
shaft.
If now it is required still further to increase the speed a second band pulley D¹
is mounted loosely on the driving shaft A, and upon the hub of this pulley is cast
a mitre wheel F. Facing this wheel is a mitre wheel B' corresponding therewith,
and made fast to the standard C¹.
Between these two bevil wheels the driving shaft is fitted with a collar for
carrying a radius arm d', which forms a stud axle for a mitre wheel E¹, which
gears into the two adjacent mitre wheels B' and F¹. The collar of the stud axle
being keyed to the driving shaft its mitre wheel will be caused to roll over the
face of the fixed mitre wheel, and gearing into the wheel on the hub of the band
pulley it will drive that pulley at four times the speed of the first band pulley.
By applying therefore a driving band to the pulley D' the increased speed thus
obtained may be transmitted to any adjacent machine.
In this way by multiplying the above described gearing any desired rate of speed
may be got up in one line of shafting.
"
Having now set forth the nature of our Invention for Improvements in
Emery Wheel Cutting Machines, and in the Means for Driving Emery Wheels,
Parts of which Improvements are Applicable to the Mounting of Wheels, Pulleys,
and Shafting generally, and for Transmitting a Rapid Rotary Motion to Machinery
Requiring the same," and having explained the manner of carrying our improve-
ments into effect, we wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited a
Letters Patent we claim,-
First. The construction of emnery wheel cutting machines, as described with
reference to Sheets I., II, and III. of the Drawings.
Secondly. The means above described with reference to Sheet III. for centering
spindles and shafts of machinery generally, and for fitting to their shafts or spindles
band pulleys and wheels.
Thirdly. The means above described with reference to Sheet IV. for mounting
overhead shafting.
Fourthly. The arrangements of driving gear, doscribed with reference to Sheets V:
and VI., for neutralizing the drag on the driven shaft or spindle.
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Lastly. The arrangement of gearing, described with reference to Sheet VII.,
whereby a driving speed may be multiplied to any desired extent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Russell Gubbins, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
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