Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Cotton and other Yarns and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 81st Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 31st May, 1900-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Cotton and other
Yarns and in Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY GRANDAGE, of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of York,
Dyer and Finisher do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In chemically treating yain produced from vegetable fibres hitherto, the process.
has been performed only in the hank necessitating its subsequent conversion
into the warp where the yarn was required for use as warp
Now my invention has for its object the continuous tieatment, to produce a
glossy appearance in imitation of silk, of yain in the warp with an alkaline lye,
instead of, as previously done, in batches of hanks, and to this end the inven
tion comprises the following apparatus viz.-
Four chests or troughs placed in a low abutting one another, the first and
second being of iron, the iemaining two of wood. Each of these is fitted with
two sets of rollers at or near the top and bottom of the trough respectively
In the second, third and fourth troughs the rollers un individually in fixed
bearings fitted to the sides
The rollers of the ist trough however are of non and in two sets, those at
the top being carried on an iron frame, as also those at the bottom of the trough,
the fiames being so aanged and having such mechanism that either the top
fiame can be raised or lowered by itself, thus adjusting the tension on the mate-
rial, or the two frames may be lifted together bodily out of the trough should
it be necessary to examine the material below the surface of the liquoi
further means of more finely adjusting the tension on the material I make the
central roller of the top set considerably larger than the rest and fit it with a
sliding.bearing and screw attachment whereby it by itself can be raised or lowered
without in any way altering the position of the whole set.
As a
The rollers and other fittings (bolts etcetera) of the third and fourth chests are
all of copper
Between each chest and before entering the first as well as after leaving the
last the material is subjected to a strong squeezing action between two large
rolls, one of which (preferably the lower) is of 11on or wood or other hard sub-
stance, the other being of indiarubber or similai yielding substance
In the first and last case, z.e as the warp enters and leaves the machine, the
object of the rolls is to admit and release the warp at such speed that the
required tension is maintained throughout the entire process in the other cases
the object of the 1olls is to press out, and throw back, such of the liquor as may
be carried up in the material.
In all cases where the rolls are of wood they are covered with cloth, felt, or
other similar material.
In the first trough the warp is subjected to the action of an alkaline lye
together with a certain proportion of glycerine; the strength of the lye being

page_text: regulated by a mechanism whereby more or less of a strong concentrated solu-
tion may be admitted into the main chest from a small compartment at the
side of the chest through a perforated pipe laid along the bottom of the trough
From there the warp is passed, through the pressure rolls, into the second
chest where it is 'washed in clean water, which is run in in a continuous
stream, or from time to time; being returned as it becomes impiegnated with
the lye to the first trough by any suitable means for use over again; or it may
be utilized for other purposes.
The third chest contains a suitable acid in order to neutralize any small
amount of the alkali which may remain from the washing and pressing between
the two sets of rolla.
From this chest the warp passes, through the third set of rolls, into the last
chest or trough where the acid 18 washed out by clean water and whence it (the
warp) 18 led to the cuttling machine to be "cuttled" or laid on to a
"coach
frame, for any subsequent process
or
The speed at which the warp is fed into the machine may be altered as found
suited to the process but is generally slow.
Where thought advisable the threads of the yarn may, previous to its entering
the machine, be separated out by means of a sort of comb.
Whilst I have stated above the manner in which I prefer to carry out the yarn
it is manifest that such process can be varied without departing from the spirit
of the invention, for instance, it might be advisable to treat in the first bath
with strong acids in place of the alkaline lye, in which case an alkali would be
used in the third bath in place of the acid, for neutralization of any residue
of the first bath which may remain in the material after the washing
Dated this 29th day of August 1899
Improvements in or relating to the Treatment of Cotton and other
Yarns and in Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY GRANDAGE, of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of York,
Dyer and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement.-
-
In chemically treating yarn produced from vegetable fibres hitherto, the process
has been performed only in the hank, necessitating its subseqeunt conversion
into the warp where the yarn was required for use as warp
Now my invention has for its object the continuous treatment, to produce a
glossy appearance in imitation of silk, of yarn in the waip with an alkaline lye,'
instead of, as previously done, in batches of hanks, and to this end the inven
tion comprises the apparatus set forth in the following description, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 118 a side elevation of the apparatus;
Figure 2 a plan.
Figure 3 a side elevation with the front of the tank partly cut away to show
the interior,
Figure 4 an end view with the end of the tank removed to show the perforated
Pipes &c

page_text: Figure 5 a part plan of the tank with the guide rollers removed,
Figure 6 detail view showing arrangement for lifting top roller S
A B C D are four chests or tanks placed in a low abutting one another, the
first and second being preferably of non and the remaining two of wood
Each
of these is fitted with two sets of olleis E and F at or near the top and bottom
of the tanks' respectively In the second, third and fourth tanks B, C and D,
the rollers E and F un individually in fixed bearings fitted to the sides The
rollers in the first though, however, are of iron and in two sets E and F, those
at the top being carried by an iron frame G and also those at the bottom of the
trough by an iron frame H, the flames being so arranged and having such
mechanism that either the top frame G can be raised or lowered by itself, thus
adjusting the tension on the material, or the bottom frame H can be raised by
itself, or the two frames may be lifted together bodily out of the trough or tank
should it be necessary to examine the material below the surface of the liquor
In order to lift the upper frame G together with the lower frame H the hanger P
1s fastened to frame G by means of set screws U2 When frame II, which is
fastened to the hanger P with bolts is lifted, frame G must also be lifted, being
fastened to hanger P with sets sciews U2 If either frame is to be lifted
independently of each other, the set screws are loosened out of frame G
The roller stand F in which works the sliding bearing I is fastened to frame G
and is therefore lifted with it. The manner in which the top fiame G is raised
18 set forth in Figures 1 and 2 The frame G which carries these top 1ollers
rests by means of the rollers K on inclined planes L of the auxiliary fiame M.
The frame having these inclined planes is drawn by means of the sciew N and
hand-wheel O under the rollers K and thus the fiamme carrying the top rollers is
raised and the tension on the warp iegulated. This method of regulating the
tension can be used by itself or in conjunction with the tension 1oller e, on either
method separately Projecting lugs R on the frame which caries the top rollers
work against the hangers P of the frame, and thus prevent the inclined planes
moving the fiame longitudinally The bottom set of rollers are raised by means
of the hangers P which are provided with a cross-piece Q at top to which is
attached the eyelet R by which said hangers are lifted by any suitable device As
a further means of more finely adjusting the tension on the material I make the
central rolle e of the top set E considerably larger than the rest and fit it with
a sliding bearing I and sciew attachment or lack J worked by means of the
hand-wheel and pinion K³, whereby it by itself can be raised or lowered without
in any way altering the position of the other rollers in the set.
The rollers and their fittings, bolts etcetera of the third and fourth tanks C
and D are all of copper Between each tank and before entering the fist, as
well as after leaving the last, the material is subjected to a strong squeezing
action between pairs of rolls S, one of which, preferably the lower, is of non
or wood or other hard substance, and the other being of india-rubber or other
similar yielding substance ✗ are springs for exerting a downward pressure on
top roller, and Y adjusting device for regulating force of spung
In the first
and last case, that is, as the warp enters and leaves the machine, the object of
the rolls is to admit and release the warp at such a speed that the required ten-
sion 18 maintained throughout the entire process In the other cases the object
of the rollers S 3s to press out and throw back such of the liquor as may be
carried up in the material An arrangement is shown in Figure 6 for lifting the
top squeezing roller S in each set to allow of the knots and lease bands at ends
of warp to pass between without damaging the warp The top 1oller $ 18
mounted in the bearings which slides in the guides S¹ V 1s a hand lever
coupled to the bearings by the connecting-rod W, and so arranged that by
depressing the lever by hand, the bearing will be raised, thus lifting top roller S
and releasing the pressure until the knots and lease bands have passed through.
By releasing the hand lever, the pressure on the rollers S is restored as before.
In all cases where the rollers are of wood they are covered with cloth, felt or

page_text: other similar material In the first tank A, the warp is subjected to the action
of an alkaline lye of about 50° Twaddle together with a certain proportion of
glycerine the strength of the lye being regulated by a mechanism whereby more
or less of a strong concentrated solution may be admitted into the main tank A
from a small compartment T at the side of the tank through a perforated
pipe U laid along the bottom of the tank As an example, one ounce of glycerine
is used to one gallon of the lye, but if desurable the glycerine may be dispensed
with entirely From the tank the warp is passed through the pressing rollers S
into the second tank B where it is washed in clean water which is run in a con-
tinuous stream, or fiom time to time through the perforated pipe U¹ which 18
fed by tank T, being returned as it becomes unpregnated with lye to the first
tank by any suitable means for use over again, or it may be utilized for other
purposes The third tank C contains a suitable acid in order to neutralize any
small amount of the alkali which may remain from the washing and pressing
between the two sets of 1olls S From this tank the warp passes through the third
set of rolls S into the last tanh D where the acid is washed out by clean water, and
whence the warp 18 led to the cuttling machine to be "cuttled," or laid on a
"coach"
or frame for any subsequent process.
The speed at which the warp is fed into the machine may be altered as found
suitable for the process, but is generally slow. Where thought desirable the
threads of the yarn may, previous to its entering the machine, be separated out
by means of a sort of comb
Whilst I have stated above the manner in which I prefer to carry out the
invention, it 18 manifest that such process may be varied without departing from
the spuit of the invention. For instance it might be advisable to treat in the
first bath with strong acids in place of the alkaline lye, in which case an alkalı
would be used in the third bath in place of the acid, for the neutralizing of any
residue of the first bath which may remain in the material after the wa-hing
Furthermore there may be any suitable number of tanks as required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner 'the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim 18:
1 The improvement in the treatment of cotton and other yarns to produce a
glossy appearance in imitation of silk, which consists in subjecting the yarn in
the warp to a continuous chemical treatment (instead of as previously done, in
batches of banks), while at the same time subjecting it to tension to recover or
prevent undue shrinkage, and at intervals to a strong squeezing action, sub-
stantially as described
2 An apparatus for the treatment of cotton and other yarns in the warp to
produce a glossy appearance in imitation of silk, said apparatus comprising a
series of tanks placed in a row, some of which contain the chemical liquors for
treating the warp, and the others the water foi insing the material under treat-
ment, in combination with sets of 1ollers placed top and bottom of each tank
round which the warp is alternately passed, and squeezing olla located between
each tank and also at entrance to machine and at delivery end thereof, adapted
to maintain the required tension of the warp throughout the entue operation,
substantially as described
3 In apparatus for treating cotton and other yarns in the warp, the mechanism
substantially as described whereby either the top frame or bottom frame can be
raised or lowered by itself to adjust the tension on the material, on the two fiames
can be lifted together bodily out of the trough should it be necessary to examine
the material below the surface of the liquo
4 In apparatus for treating cotton and other yarn in the warp in which there
are sets of rollers at top and bottom of each trough round which the warp 18
alternately passed, forming the cential roller of the top set considerably larger
than the rest and mounting it in a sliding bearing with adjusting attachment

page_text: whereby it by itself can be raised or lowered without in any way altering the
position of the whole set, and thus secure by fine adjustment, the tension on the
material substantially as described
5 The general combined arrangement and construction of parts forming my
improved apparatus for the treatment of cotton and other yarns in the waip sub-
stantially as set forth.
Tad the 20tL
J-1000
WM. P THOMPSON & Co.,
Patents Agents, of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, & London.