IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEATING OR BOILING OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS IN NEW OR IM- PROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OF PORTABLE VESSELS FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Templeman, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Chemical Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE HEATING OR BOILING OF WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS IN NEW OR IM-
PROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OF PORTABLE VESSELS FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 24th June 1879, and dated the 30th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Templeman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1878.
JAMES TEMPLEMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Chemical Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEATING OR BOILING OF WATER
AND OTHER LIQUIDS IN NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OF PORTABLE VESSELS
FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
This said Invention has reference to improvements in the modes and means of
producing heat in new or improved constructions of close portable vessels for
heating water or other liquids for domestic and other useful purposes, such as for
making tea, coffee, and other warm drinks required quickly or during the night, or
at odd times for children, or in the sick room, or for the warming of water for
washing or bathing purposes; or warming pans or vessels for the feet in travelling,
or in bed, and for other temporary purposes where warm fluids are required, and
where fire and ordinary boiling and cooking utensils are not easily to be had.
These new or improved portable vessels and means of producing heat and hot fluids
in them will be of great practical utility and more easily used in many circum-
stances than the modes and means heretofore in use for the like purpose. And
the nature and novelty of the Invention consists in making small or other portable
vessels with a close fluid-tight inner heat-producing chamber, and an outer one
surrounding the same for containing the water or other liquid to be heated by con-
duction or radiation through the shell or case of the inner heating vessel, both pre-

page_text: ferably made of thin sheet metal, which would conduct or radiate the heat well,
and at the same time stand well against corrosion in ordinary use, such as copper
or other well tinned or galvanized sheet metal. These new or improved liquid
heating vessels, of the several constructions for the various purposes mentioned,
would be supplied with the heat producing material within then. Under this
Invention it is simply fresh burned caustic or unslaked lime that is used, as pure
as possible, and inserted preferably half full or so by a screwed-on end or lid, which
when screwed up or secured would be quite fluid-tight, a space above the lime
being left for its expansion, and containing the hot vapour given off with the heat
by the sprinkling of water on the lime. The proper quantity of water required for
the purpose, suited to the quantity of lime and size of the central vessel, is also
placed in a close vessel mounted above the lime or heating vessel, fitted with a
communicating inlet tube with a tap and a rose or other spreading or spray jet
nozzle, all which constitute the general essential feature and construction of my
said new or improved heat-producing portable vessels in their normal charged state,
all ready for sale, transit, and removal to where they are required for use to warm
or boil the water or other liquid placed in the outer vessel or jacket chainber sur-
rounding the heating lime vessel. The heating is effected in a few minutes at any
time desired, by the simple opening of the tap of the upper water vessel, which
sprinkles the water over the lime, which by chemical action gives off steam or
vapour and great heat conducted or radiated direct through the case of the inner
vessel (which forms by preference also the inner shell of the outer vessel), and so
heats or boils the water or liquid in the outer vessel. When these new portable
heating vessels are to be used for heating water for making tea or coffee, or for
other such heating or cooking purposes, it is preferred to have each vessel formed
with a handle at one side like a jug or coffee-pot (or for large vessels a bow handle,
like that of a watering can, may be formed on the top) for carrying the vessel by,
and for pouring out the liquid from an open spout formed on the top at one side of
the outer case for that purpose after the liquid has been heated, which spout, or a
separate opening for the purpose, may also be used for filling the water or liquid
into this outer vessel to be warmed or boiled as described. These new or improved
vessels, when used in flat or other shapes for close warming pans in which the
heated water has not to be removed until it cools, would have the water to be
heated put into the outer shell or case of the vessel by a screw plug or other fixing
stopper in the filling and emptying mouthpiece, so as to prevent the escape of water
or vapour while in use, and these close warming pans might be made with elastic
bag coverings outside of india-rubber when desired.
Although not stated it will be understood that the outer heated casing might
be made to cover all exposed parts of the heating chamber, such as over the top, as
well as round the sides; and the parts of the heating or lime vessel not so cased
in by the outer vessel might be covered by asbestos or other non-conducting and
incombustible sheet covering or packing; or feet or bars might project out from
these as guards to prevent the hot vessel from burning the table or other article
on which it is placed or set near. And although the lime has been described as
placed in the inner vessel it will be understood that the water or liquid to be
heated might be placed in this vessel, and the lime in the outer annular vessel, or in
a recess below it and the central vessel, and have the water for slaking the lime
distributed over the top of the lime, as described, in these vessels by roses or per-
forated covers above the lime, the outer heating vessel in this case being carefully
covered by asbestos or other safe nonconducting packing.
Further, although the two vessels have been described as formed together or
in one it is to be understood that the hot lime vessels might be made and supplied
by themselves, and attached by screws or otherwise to special liquid-heating
vessels, or to ordinary liquid-heating vessels, or merely immersed in the liquid of
vessels for heating these, all substantially as described, by the heat produced in
the lime vessel directly conducted through its sides; and that it might be either
fitted or supplied along with its proper (sized water chamber with opening. tap

page_text: or valve for " slaking" the lime, all as before described; or that instructions
might be printed on or supplied with the heating lime box, stating the quantity of
water that should be poured in to slake the lime, and produce the maximum
quantity of heat to suit the lime.
Various kinds of lime may be used, but that made from the purest lime-
stone is preferred; or it might be that made from lime shells, marble, or chalk,
and the lime may either be used and put into the said heating chambers
in small broken lumps as burned, or in the crushed or powdered form; and
when desired the lime might be supplied in fire-proof boxes or cases for re-
charging the heating lime vessels of these new or improved portable heaters,
the lime removed after having given off all its heat being nearly as valuable and
saleable to builders, plasterers, and gas-works for their several purposes as the fresh
burned or caustic lime itself, so that the heat is obtained for all the various pur-
poses for which this Invention is applicable, at little more than the cost of making
and maintaining these new or improved heating vessels.
It will be understood that the lime or heating chamber and liquid chamber to be
heated of these improved portable heating vessels, although described as formed in
one, they might be made separate, and "shipped" on to or into each other, preferably
secured fluid-tight to prevent the escape of heat or vapour, and make the whole
thoroughly portable, and yet capable of easy separation. And it will be further
understood that the portable heating vessels may be made of various shapes and sizes
to suit the particular heating purposes for which they are to be used, and of sufficient
strength to resist any slight pressure from within caused by the heat or vapour ;
and that these heating vessels might also be used for raising vapour or steam for
medicinal purposes, and for light or temporary motive-power purposes, such
as the driving of toys or model machines, and in this case a small tube with tap or
valve would be fitted to the heating lime vessel for letting off the steam or vapour
generated within.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Templeman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th June
1879.
JAMES TEMPLEMAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Chemical Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEATING OR BOILING OF WATER
AND OTHER LIQUIDS IN NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OF PORTABLE VESSELS
FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
My said Invention has reference to improvements in the modes and means of
producing heat in new or improved constructions of close portable vessels for
heating water or other liquids for domestic and other useful purposes, such as for
making tea, coffee, and other warm drinks required quickly or during the night, or
at odd times for children, or in the sick room, or for the warming of water for
washing or bathing purposes, or warming pans or vessels for the feet in travelling,
or in bed, and for other temporary purposes where warm fluids are required, and
where fire and ordinary boiling and cooking utensils are not easily to be had.
These new or improved portable vessels, and means of producing heat and hot fluids
in them, will be of great practical utility and more easily used in many circum-
stances than the modes and means heretofore in use for the like purposes. And
referring generally to Figures 1 to 4, the nature and novelty of the Invention
consists in making preferably small or portable vessels having a close fluid-tight
inner heat-producing chamber (as A.), with an outer one (as B) surrounding it of
the same shape, but of sufficient capacity to contain the water or other liquid to be
heated by conduction or radiation through the shell or case of the inner or heating
vessel A, both cases being preferably made of thin sheet metal, which would conduct
or radiate the heat well, and at the same time stand well against corrosion in
ordinary use, such as of copper or other well tinned or galvanized sheet iron or
other metal. These new or improved liquid heating vessels may be made of various
shapes or constructions to suit the several purposes mentioned, or other like liquid
heating purposes, the heat producing material being placed and supplied within
the heat chamber A through suitable lids a and fittings in it for the purpose; and
by or under this Invention it is simply fresh burned caustic or unslaked lime L
that is used as pure as possible, and inserted preferably (to about half full or so,
more or less, according to the swelling quality of the lime) by a screwed on end or
lid (as a), which when screwed up or otherwise secured would be quite fluid-tight,
a considerable space above the lime L being thus left for its expansion, and con-
taining the hot vapour evolved or given off with the heat from the "slaking" of
the lime L by the sprinkling of water on or over it. The proper quantity of water
required for this "slaking" and heat producing purpose (suited to the quantity of
lime L in and size of the case or vessel A) is also placed in a close vessel (as C)
mounted above the lime L, or heating vessel A, and fitted with a communicating
inlet tube c with a tap c¹ and (when desired, as for the larger sizes of these vessels)
with a rose or other spreading or spray jet nozzle, either with or without a spreading
perforated diaphragm.
And in order that the full nature of the Invention, and the several typical modi-
fications of the modes and means or appliances and apparatus for carrying the
Invention into effect may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe
the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for
these purposes, the same reference letters and numerals indicating the same or
equivalent parts in all the Figures where shown.
--
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a sectional elevation and a horizontal section
taken on the lines 1 1 in the former of one modification of duplex hand portable
vessel or jug A, B, suitable for the boiling or warming of a small quantity of water
or other liquid, and providing the same for night use, or in the sick room, or other
like purposes where such is required quickly and conveniently without the use of
fire or gas heating appliances,

page_text: Referring to this modification of my improvements, shown in Figures 1 and 2,
the lime heating close vessel A is made cylindrical, of sheet tin or other metal,
secured within the outer vessel B for containing the water or other liquid to be
heated in the narrow annular space b between the cases A, B, and is fitted with an
open stroup or spout 6' at the top on one side, and a vertical fixed handle b¹¹
on the other. The top joining flange A' is screwed on the inside, and has the
removable lid or top a screwed into it by a polygonal head a¹ and and hand screw
key, with close jointing flange over the top, and a thickness of india-rubber or other
jointing material between them to make all fluid pressure tight within the vessel A,
which has the lime L inserted and withdrawn when required by the removal of
this lid a.
This lid a has formed or fitted on its under side, within the vessel A, a
close chamber C for containing the proper quantity of water for "slaking" the
lime L inserted within the vessel A to about half full or so. The vessel C has fitted
within it a central cock and key C¹, c', with small discharge tube or nozzle c below,
the key c¹ being worked by a square recess c¹¹ on the top outside by a convenient
hand turned key, so that when this is turned a quarter of a revolution or so it
opens a port c² at the lower part of the vessel C, so as to allow the water in it to
flow out through the discharge tube c, and spread over the lime L to "slake " it,
and produce the heat and vapour, all as hereinbefore described. The same turning
of the key C¹ opens a small port at the top of the vessel C, so as to allow air to
pass up the passage c¹ into the upper part of this vessel, and by equalizing the
pressure in both vessels C and A ensures the water flowing down over the lime, as
stated. The water is filled into the vessel C when the lid a is removed by the
screw plug C, and the whole rests on feet B". The heating is thus effected in a
few minutes at any moment desired by the simple opening of the tap C¹, c', of the
upper water vessel C, which sprinkles the water contained therein over the lime,
which by chemical action gives off steam or vapour with great heat, which is quickly
conducted or radiated direct through the case of this lime or inner heating vessel A
(which by preference also forms the inner shell of the outer vessel B), and so heats
or boils the water or other liquid previously filled into the outer vessel B for that
purpose by its stroup b', which also answers for serving out the heated liquid as
required; and when this vessel A, B, is made as a portable heating vessel, as shown
in these Figures 1 and 2, for the making of tea or coffee or other like purpose, it is
preferred to be formed with a handle 611 on the opposite side to the stroup 6' for
the convenient serving out of the heated liquid; but in some cases, as for the
special forms and larger sizes of these heating vessels A, B, or A, these handles may
be made in the form of bow handles b for carrying the vessels safely by, as shown
in Figures 7 to 10, somewhat similar to that used in ordinary water carrying cans;
all which constitute the goneral essential feature and construction of my said new
or improved heat-producing portable vessels, for the heating of liquids in their
normal charged state, as ready for sale, transit, and removal to where they are
required for use to warm or boil the water or other liquid placed in the outer vessel
or jacketed chamber B surrounding the heating lime vessel A. These new or
improved heat producing lime vessels A, B, are also suitable for and may be used as
close warming pans of the double cased round, flat, or other shape, in which the
water or other liquid heated does not require to be removed until it gets cool
again.
Figures 3 and 4 are respectively a horizontal section and end view with the
cover a removed of a simple construction of such a close portable vessel A, B, in
accordance with my Invention, suitable for use in heating water in the outer close
vessel B, for heating the feet in bed, or in travelling, or other such like purpose, as
for the heating of other parts of the body in sickness or in hospitals. In this
arrangement, the inner and outer cases A and B are secured to a turned flanged
jointing ring A' at one end, to which a plain flanged lid a is secured by three screws
and snugs a, a, with india-rubber or other jointing material between them to
make the inner vessel A containing the lime L perfectly fluid pressure tight. The
lime is inserted into this inner vessel by the door-way a and has the water for

page_text: "
slaking" the lime, in this case, poured in through a simple screw plug hole D
instead of having a special vessel and tap C, C, c', as shown in the former modifica-
tions, Figures 1 and 2. And as the annular outer case B requires to be also a fluid
pressure tight vessel it is fitted with a close fitting screw plug E for the filling-in
of the water to be heated, and so as to prevent all escape of liquid in these warming
vessels; and to prevent excessive radiation or overheating of the person or object
to which these warming vessels are applied, they may be covered with a flannel or
india-rubber bag outside, and have a light folding handle attached to them for their
removal, although not so shown in the Drawings. Although the lime L, in the
former modifications, has been described as placed within the inner vessel, and the
water or liquid to be heated in the outer annular vessel, it will be understood that
the arrangement might be reversed, and have the water or liquid to be heated
placed in the central vessel B and the lime in the outer annular vessel A, or in a recess
below it and the central vessel, all as shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively, in
vertical section and plan, with the loose lid B¹ removed, of a portable vessel or pan
for warming or cooking liquids, soups, or other such like substances, of a somewhat
different construction from that shown in Figures 1 and 2, with the open vessel B
to be heated in the centre above the heating lime vessel A, in this case surrounding
the vessel B, the whole resting on feet B₁, as in Figures 1 and 2, to prevent the
heat of the vessel from injuring the table or other platform on which it is set. A
loose portable or pot-like lid B¹ is fitted over the central open cooking vessel B to
prevent the escape of heat or vapour, and the admission of dust. And although
this vessel has been made of a pot-like shape it may be made of a flat shape. The
water for "slaking" the lime in this case is shown as supplied through the screw
plug D at the top of the annular space of the outer vessel A, with a perforated
diaphragm D¹ a little below for distributing the water over the lime, although it
will be understood that these arrangements of cooking vessels might be formed with
an annular vessel at the top for "slaking" the lime, and be fitted with a tap and
tube C¹, c, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, for supplying the water to the lime,
instead of the screw plug D, shown in these Figures 5 and 6. Although in the
previous modifications, Figures 1 to 6, the two cases or vessels A and B have been
described as formed together or in one, it is to be understood that the hot lime
vessels A might be made and supplied by themselves, and attached by screws or
otherwise to special liquid-heating vessels, or to other ordinary liquid heating vessels
or cans, and merely immersed into these vessels containing the liquid to be heated,
such as foot or other baths, all otherwise substantially as described, by the heat
produced in the lime vessel A of the former modifications, Figures 1 to 6, but having
the heat directly conducted through its sides A to the water or other liquid to be
heated. Figures 7 and 8 show a sectional elevation and plan respectively of a
simple construction of portable heating lime vessel A as stated, separate from the
annular form of vessel B described, containing the water or liquid to be heated, or
it might be any other forms of vessels, and which, when the lime is "slaked" and
the vessel heated, could be inserted into such vessel or liquid to be heated, and
might have a handle attached to it for carrying and placing it in the vessel to be
heated, as indicated in dotted lines at 62. These separate single lime vessels A,
Figures 7 and 8, might be fitted either with or without their proper sized supply
water chambers C, with opening tap C', c¹, or equivalent valve fittings for "slaking
the lime, all as hereinbefore described in reference to Figures 1 and 2. Figures
and 10 show a vertical section and a plan (with the close lid a and small water
vessel C for "slaking" the lime removed) of another arrangement of my improvements,
or portable heating vessel A and heated vessel B, having the former internal heat-pro-
ducing lime vessel A formed and supplied separate, as in Figures 7 and 8, but of a
simpler and cheaper cylindrical construction for insertion and removal from the inner
close chamber A* of a double cased or annular vessel B*, A*, fitted with a close lid a and
water vessel C, with tap fittings C', cl, c, for "slaking" the lime; this lid a being secured
fluid pressure tight by turned joint flanges at a³ and screw pins and snugs all, a²,
all substantially as described in reference to and shown in Figures 3 and 4, but
"

page_text: fitted with an open spout b¹ on the top of the outer vessel B for filling in and
serving out the water or other liquid to be heated, and having a loose perforated
cover a secured by simple slots and fixed kneed catch pins at as with ring handle a
for placing the vessel A within the inner case A* of the vessel A*, B*, which is
fitted with a common form of hinged bow handle B² for the portable carrying and
emptying out of the liquid from the outer vessel B*, A*. This vessel requires
only to be purchased or supplied once to the customer or user, who gets the simple
lime vessels A, as shown, in this case supplied in any number at a time all ready
for being inserted into the inside of the outer annular vessel, to heat the water or
other liquid placed therein for that purpose as required, and replace the exhaust
lime vessels A from time to time. In any of these arrangements the lime vessels A
can be sent in a number for being emptied and re-filled with fresh lime as required
for the persons making and supplying these portable liquid heating vessels in
accordance with the Invention. Although not particularly stated in reference to or
shown in these Figures it will be understood that the outer heated casing B might
be made to cover all exposed parts of the heating lime chamber, except at the
mouth piece a where the lime is inserted and removed and the "slaking" water
applied, such as over the top, particularly in the larger sizes of these portable vessels,
as well as round the sides or bottom, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, and the outer
surface of these heated vessels B or the exposed parts of the heating or lime vessel A,
not so cased or covered in by the outer vessel B, might be covered in and protected
from the escape of heat by asbestos or other non-conducting and incombustible sheet
covering or packing, or be fitted with feet or light bars or other lagging, as guards,
to prevent these hot vessels from burning the table or other article on which they
might be placed or set near. When these heating lime cases or vessels A, B, or A,
are not fitted with their water chambers C and fittings C', c¹, for slaking the
lime, as shown in Figures 3 to 8, the instructions may be printed on or supplied
with the heating lime box A, stating the quantity of water that should be poured
into the vessel A by their plug holes D, to "slake" the lime and produce the
maximum quantity of heat to suit the quantity of lime. And it will be further
understood that these portable heating vessels may be fitted with safety pressure
valves or small holes, and made of various shapes and sizes to suit the particular
heating purposes for which they are to be used, and of sufficient strength to resist
any slight pressure from within, caused by the heat or vapour produced in the
vessels A which might also be fitted with safety valves or small escape or inlet air
holes to prevent the bursting or collapsing of the vessels. These vessels may also
be used for temporary motive power purposes, such as the driving of toys or model
machines, and in this case a small tube with tap or valve would be fitted to the
heating lime vessel A for letting off the steam or vapour generated within to these
motors. The proportion of lime proposed to be used is about half or rather more
than half the full of the vessel A, leaving plenty of room for its expansion! in being
slaked," and the proportion of water required for "slaking" the lime is about one
third of the lime by weight. Various kinds of lime may be used, but that made
from the purest limestone is preferred, or it might be that made from lime shells,
marble, or chalk, and the lime may either be used and put into the said heating
chambers A in small broken lumps as burned, or in the crushed or powdered state;
and when desired the lime might be supplied in fire-proof boxes or cases for
re-charging the heating lime vessels of these new or improved portable heaters,
the lime removed, after having given off all its heat, being nearly as valuable and
saleable to builders, plasterers, and gas works, for their several purposes, as the
fresh burned or caustic lime itself; the heat being thus obtained for all the various
purposes for which this Invention is applicable at little more than the cost of
making and maintaining these new or improved heating vessels.
"
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original, and

page_text: therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The general construction or combination of the parts of portable lime
heating vessels A with water or other liquid, or cooking vessels B, to be heated
thereby, or of separate single lime heating vessels for heating water or other liquids,
and either with or without the lime "slaking" water vessels and fittings C attached,
all substantially as and for the purposes herein described in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The construction and use of portable vessels supplied with lime for the
heating of water or other liquids, or the warming or cooking of soups or other food,
either with or without the water vessels C for "slaking" the lime, all substantially
as and for the purposes described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The construction of a combined double chambered portable vessel A, B,
the one, A, supplied with lime for heating, the other, B, containing the water or
liquid or food to be heated, either close or open, all substantially as and for the
purposes herein described in reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 6 of the accom-
panying Drawings or any mere modification thereof.
Fourth. The construction of separate portable lime heating vessels A, either fitted
with or without the water vessels C and fittings for slaking the lime for being
inserted into special vessels B*, A*, or other ordinary vessels, for heating the water
or other liquid placed in these to be heated, all substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in Figures 7 to 10 of the accompanying Drawings, or any
mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Templeman, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JAMES TEMPLEMAN. (L.S.)