Improvements in Wheel Axles and Axle Bearings, and in the Means of Connecting Wheels to Axles and Axles to Bearings.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 12th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 13th May, 1887.
Improvements in Wheel Axles and Axle Bearings, and in the Means
of Connecting Wheels to Axles and Axles to Bearings.
I JOHANN PUSTOWKA of Teschen, Silesia, in the Empire of Austria, Carriage
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to wheel axles, and to the journal of revolving axles, and also
to the mode of connecting wheels to their axles, and the journals of revolving axles
to their bearings. The Invention has for its object to enable the fixed part, which is
liable to eccentric wear, to be adjusted around the axis, and to enable the portion of
said fixed part directly subject to wear to be easily replaced. Moreover, the Invention
has further for its object to diminish friction. According to this Invention, the fixed
parts; vizt., the axle-arms in the case of axle trees fixed to the carriage frame, and the
bearings in the case of revolving axles, have one, two, or more, but preferably two,
rings, thimbles, or bushes, either fitted upon polygonal parts of the axle arms or
inserted into correspondingly shaped polygonal portions of the bearings. Said rings,
which, in consequence of their shape as aforesaid, may be mounted upon or in the
fixed part in as many different positions as the polygonal portion has sides, are pro-
vided on their cylindrical bearing surface with a circumferential groove of semi-
circular section and a similar corresponding groove is formed in that portion of the
movable part which comes opposite the groove in the ring. Through holes, either
made in the bearing and ring, or in the nave of the movable wheel, balls of a hard
material can be inserted into the annular channel formed by the registering grooves,
the holes being afterwards closed by a screw plug. These balls, which prevent the
movable part from moving endwise on or in the fixed one, may be replaced by screws
screwed into the outer tubular part (nave or bearing) and projecting into grooves of
the inner cylindrical part (axle arm or journal). By giving the outer tubular part
and the balls a larger diameter, a kind of ball bearing may be formed.
Dated this 12th day of July 1886.
J. PUSTOWKA.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.

page_text: of Connecting Wheels to Axles and Axles to Bearings.
I, JOHANN PUSTOWKA of Teschen Silesia in the Empire of Austria, Carriage
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to wheel axles and to the hearings of revolving axles, and
also to the mode of retaining wheels on their axles and revolving axles in their
bearings.
The Invention has for its object to enable the fixed part (axle arm or bearing as the
case may be) which is liable to become worn eccentrically, to be repeatedly adjusted
around the axis, and to enable the portion of said fixed part directly subject to wear
to be easily replaced. Moreover, the Invention has further for its object to diminish
friction.
According to this Invention, the fixed parts-vizt.-the axle arms (in the case of
axle trees which are fixed to the carriage frame) and the journal bearings (in the case
of revolving axles) have one, two, or more, but preferably two, rings, thimbles, or
bushes, fitted upon regular polygonal parts of the axle arms or into polygonal seats
in the bearings, which rings, thimbles, or bushes are, in consequence of their polygonal
shape, capable of being adjusted circularly upon or in the fixed part, in as many
different positions as the polygonal portion has sides. In either case the wearing
surface of said rings, thimbles or bushes is of course cylindrical and is provided
with a circumferential groove of semi-circular section which matches with a
similar groove formed in the movable part, the grooves together forming an
annular channel of circular section in which balls of hard material may be
inserted for the purpose of preventing endwise motion of the revolving wheel
upon its axle, or of the revolving axle journal in its bearing, as the case
may be. The balls are inserted through holes made in the nave of the
revolving wheel, or in the bearing and bush, as the case may be, the holes being
afterwards closed by screw plugs. These balls, besides securing the wheel upon its
axle, or the axle in its bearing, may also be made to act as a kind of ball bearing, in
which case the aforesaid rings thimbles or bushes instead of being adjustable may be
rigidly fixed. Instead of balls, radial screws, screwed through the nave or bearing
and projecting into grooves around the axle arm or journal may be used for preventing
the endwise motion above referred to.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this Speci-
fication, in which the Invention is illustrated as applied to a wheel revolving upon the
fixed axle arm of a common road vehicle; figure I being a longitudinal view of the
axle arm with the rings or thimbles, and the wheel nave box represented thereon in
section. Figure 2 is a cross section on line x-x.

page_text: The axle arm A has two portions a and a¹ of its length made of hexagonally
prismatic form upon which fit the rings B and B¹ so that when once adjusted thereon
they are prevented from turning round upon the axle arm. The nut a² screwed on
the end of the axle arm A retains the ring B¹ securely in position. The nave-box C
rotates upon the two rings B and B¹ as bearing surfaces and is provided with two
circumferential grooves c c of semi-circular cross-section and to these two grooves
correspond similar grooves 6 and 6¹ formed around the bearing rings B and B¹. In
the annular channels formed by the registering grooves, balls of a suitable diameter
are inserted through the holes closed by the screw plugs c'. It will be seen that the
balls & transmit all side strain exerted on the wheel, to the axle arm which is
tically immovable in this direction without creating thereby considerable friction. It
has already been stated that the balls & may be replaced by a certain number of screws
penetrating radially through the nave-box C into the grooves b and b₁, the grooves c.c
in the nave box C being in that case dispensed with.
prac-
When the portions of the rings B and B₁ most liable to wear, which in the example,
shewn will be the portions next in front of the lowermost points become worn the
balls d are allowed to drop .out, the wheel and nave-box Care taken off, and after
having removed the rings B and B₁ from the hexagonally prismatic portions a and a¹
of the axle arm A they are turned partly round and mounted thereon again in a
different position, so as to bring a truly cylindrical portion of each ring into use as
bearing surface. The nave of the wheel which is fitted upon the nave box C engages
therewith by the ribs or keys c² and is held on the nave-box by the flange of the screw
cape. When the rings B and B₁ do not come into circumferential contact with the
nave box the weight of the carriage will be transmitted to the wheels through the
medium of the balls d and thus ball bearings are formed. Although in such ball
bearings the possibility of adjusting the rings B and B will be very useful they may
-for the sake of economy-be formed in one with the axle arm.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I claim is ;
1st. The combination with a nave box and axle arm or with a revolving axle and its
collar shaped bearing of circularly adjustable rings thimbles or bushes respectively
fitting on or in two regular polygonal portions of the length of the axle arm or of the
collar shaped bearing substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2nd. The combination with circularly adjustable rings thimbles or bushes fitted on
or in polygonal portions of a wheel axle or axle bearing as herein described, of steel
balls received in annular channels formed by the matching of half round circum-
ferential grooves in the rotating and stationary parts, said balls having for function to
prevent end wise motion, substantially as specified.
3rd. The combination with circularly adjustable rings thimbles or bushes fitted on
or in polygonal portions of a wheel axle or axle bearing as herein described, of radial
screws passing through the outer tubular part into an annular groove in the inner
part, as specified.
T: 151
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