Improvements in the Manufacture of Tooth; Nail, and other Brushes!
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Feb., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Mari, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
.Improvements in the Manufacture of Tooth; Nail, and other
Brushes!
"
We, HYPPOLITE BESSON, of 63 Alexandra Road, Hornsey, London Mechanical
Engineer, and GEORGE HAROLD KENT of 11 Great Marlborough Street, London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: -
Whereas what are known in the trade as the "trepanning" and the "wax
processes in connection with the manufacture of the above brushes have developed
certain defects, amongst others in the case of the wax process, the insufficient
coinmunication between the wax (which is run in saw grooves) and the roots of the
bristles, it having been found that the wax does not properly reach and secure the
bristles and in the case of the "trepanning "process the impossibility of using
wax, by our process, which we will shortly describe, we overcome these difficulties
and make a really strong brush.
Our improvements consist in drilling the stock of the brush through its thickness
with holes having two. different diameters, the larger holes are drilled to about
two thirds of the thickness whilst the smaller holes are made right through to
produce a socket for the bristles to rest in and to connect the larger holes with the
back of the stock.
Each row of holes (which are arranged in the ordinary way) is counterdrilled,
or. as it is called, "long-holed" or "trepanned" in the usual way, but at that
depth in the stock where the two different diameters of the holes meet. The
counterdrilled hole being then formed right through each row of holes, thread or
wire is passed along the counterdrilled hole till the end of the thread or wire
reaclies the last hole in the row when the thread end is picked out, formed into
a loop, passed roundi a tuft of hair or bristles, and the tuft drawn tightly down
into the socket by the aid of the other end of the thread or wire. A small
plunger or some such instrument (which is preferable to a picker as it saves
time) is needed for the other holes to push the thread or wire through from the
back when it comes out at the larger holes and is formed into loops and so on
at each hole in the row.
•
Wax is then inserted through the back by the small holes which is found to enter
the larger holes and to more securely fasten each tuft to the stock. There are
other advantages besides the easy access of the wax to the bristles by our process,
such as the less chance of the stock splitting, owing to its being weakened by saw
grooves, and the greater facility for counter-drilling in a straight direction since
the drill has not the same tendency to travel towards the weaker part of the stock
there being holes in the stock of our brush upon both sides as mentioned, ana
therefore one part of the stock is nearly as strong as the other.
Dated this Othideo of October 1891
J. E. EVANS-JACKSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Brushes.
We, HYPPOLITE BESSON, of 63 Alexandra Road, Hornsey, London, Mechanical
Engineer, and GEORGE HAROLD KENT of Great Marlborongh Street, London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, 'to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Our improved brush may be said to combine all the advantages of the trepanned
and waxed brushes without their several disadvantages.
•
At the present time brushes, more particularly tooth-brushes, are made in one
of the two following ways."
In the case of trepanned brushes as seen in Figure 2: in the..accompanying
drawings, rows of holes are drilled at suitable intervals and at suitable depths, in
the stock to receive the bristles, (B. is a sectionali drawing of a trepanned brush
showing the rows of holes and B shows the solid back of a trepanned brush) after
which counterdrilled holes (which is a process known in the trade as Strepanning")
aro made throughout the length of the stock intended for the bristles, each counter-
drilled hole, passing through a row of holes at their extreme depth.; The object
of the counterdrilled holes is in order that a thread or wire may..be passed through
the counterdrilled hole, pulled out with a picker at each. hole in the row, looped,
and drawn down again with a tuft of bristles or whatever is used for the brush.
In this process no wax is or can be used to further secure the bristles and moreover
in drawing the tufts of bristles considerable difficulty is experienced in picking the
thread, and further this process of mounting, the tufts is very slow. and tedious.
Figure 1. (A. gives a sectional view and A! a view of the back of stock
ready to receive the wax) in the accompanying drawings shows the wax system in
which the rows of holes are bored as above; but instead..of the trepanning or
counterdrilling, thin, saws are used to cut down grooves h..from thollback of the
stock on to each row of holes so as to get a connection with the back of the holes.
A thread or wire, preferably the latter, is then passed from the back through the
grooves looped and drawn back with the bristles. The same operation is repeated.
at each hole. The reason why this process is called the wax. process is that, wax
is generally used to fill up the saw cuts when the bristles are fixed and to further
secure the bristles in their sockets.
31
1
Our improved brush as seen in Figure 3. C. and C is constructed as follows:-
The stock g. is drilled through with rows of holes d.. but. each.. hole, has two.
different diameters, the larger diameter being used from the front of the stock at d.
where the bristles are inserted-to about two thirds of its thickness,..and the
lesser diameter through from that point to the back of the stock at e... Counter-
drilled holes f. through the length of the rows are then made as in the .tropanned
brushes and: tlireads of wire used in the ordinary way; but the threads or wires
can be very easily manipulated on our system with a small plunger which can
be used instead of the more tedious picking in the trepanning, process, and the
thread or wire is simply pushed through from the back of the bole e. to the
front d. The hole d. in its larger diameter where it meets the smaller diameter
makes a very good socket for the bristles to rest in, and when they are all' fastened
in with the thread or wire loops, and after the counterdrilled holes f. have been
pegged with ivory, bone, or any suitable material, wax can be added from the back
of the stock through the smaller diametered holes e. to give additional security and
to fill up the holes-thus leaving as in the trepanned brush an almost solid back
without having to dispense with the wax.

page_text: "To facilitate the forcing of cement and wax well into the holes so that the
bristles get well bedded in the same, the head of the brush is previously heated by
any convenient means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. In the manufacture of tooth brushes the combination of the small holes e.
and the larger holes d. with the counterdrilled holes to enable the tufts of
bristles being more rapidly and securely placed in position by means of a plunger
or pusher which operates through the hole e. forcing the thread or wire down
through the hole d.
2. An improved tooth, nail, or other brush, having the bristles or brush fastened
into holes, each hole being of two different diameters, such holes of different diameters
being divided by counterdrilled or trepanned loug holes at right angles as shown in
Fig. 3. c. f.
3. The counterdrilled.or trepanned hole f. in combination with small holes e. for
the purpose of enabling the thread or wire resting in the hole to be cemented
and waxed and also the tufts of bristles to be embedded in cement and wax.
4. The improved tooth, nail, or other brush manufactured substantially as above
described.
Dated this 22nd dex of February 1905
J. E. EVANS JACKSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.