Improvements in Lead Casting, and the Cores, Moulds, Chills, or Tools connected therewith.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application. 3rd Nov., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 5th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 3rd Nov., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lead Casting, and the Cores, Moulds, Chills, or
Tools connected therewith.
I PHILIP JOHN DAVIES of 78 Earl's Court Road Kensington in the County
of Middlesex Hydraulic Engineer and Professional Lead Burner and Caster do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention for improvements in lead casting and the cores,
moulds, chills or tools connected therewith is to produce castings in moulds having
cores of a very simple character and which will enable me to produce lead goods
such for example as stink traps, cones, accumulator electrodes and other articles in
lead, at a less cost than heretofore, and which improvents are, when required, to
he worked in conjunction with other Patents granted to me especially the moulds
shown and described in No. 12167 of 1889. The simplicity of this my present
invention will be by a practical workman readily appreciable when I say that I
can cast a closet trap with hopper or cone combined & such as is shown at
Braziers closet Fig. 552 in my Standard Practical Plumbing with three cores,
viz. one main or fixed core (as shown at A Fig. 22 Patent 12,157, 1889,) and one draw
core with a movable core connecting the draw and fixed core. This I prefer to do
by fixing the cone part, and dovetailing the connecting core thereon; and on to
this connecting core I dovetail the draw core, for forming the outlet of the trap:
and with the outer parts of the mould (which is of the usual kind) the mould is
complete and will cast the trap & cone complet except the throat or dip part,
which I burn on or otherwise fix afterwards in this cone inlet trap.
Trumpet mouth syphons can also be cast in this manner, but with these class of
goods I at times use two fixed cores, and when necessary lock cores, with cheeks of
metal, or sand cores on the top part of the bend.
The mould which I use for forming acumulator electrods is of the same simple
character as the former: the cores are partially the outsides, and might be called
a series of shutters for casting electrodes with a number of tongues or strips of
lead which strips are attached to a base of lead these shutters or cores are fixed to
a base and which base can also be part of the core or cores for forming the sides
of the tongues or the tongues may be formed in a flat sided mould with simple
strips for separating the lead and which strips act as the cores: the tongues may
if required be twisted afterwards viz. after the lead is cast. These shutter cores
fit to each other similar to the cores before refered to.
Having explained the more simple moulds for lead casting with my improved
cores I will explain my improved cores for casting what is known as unsiphonable
and selfcleansing traps especially suitable for valve closet work or for forming
traps where impetus given to the water when falling into the trap is sufficent to
carry it right through the ordinary round pipe trap.
These traps are usually at the inlet of the dip, tapering down to say 4" at the
throat part, and which if flat (as in the well known old fashioned V trap) may be
only 3" from the throat or dip to the bottom of the trap and this is what I should
call a perfect inlet to the trap. The shape of the outlet is of equal importance,
and the size should be governed by the size of the inlet otherwise the trap will
either be siphonable or dirty and the shape of the front of the outlet is of great
importance; and why I write about these points is that heretofore the cores have
been made to suit themselves, instead of which the cores should be male to suit the
trap and all the above points taken into consideration.
In this my present system of making my cores, I can without what is known as

page_text: chain or link & pin cores make cores of an exceedingly simple form as follows, say
for a P or half S trap unsiphonable & self cleansing.
On a suitable table I mount a fixed core (a moveable core will answer) to form
the inlet of the trap, and on the top part of this core I fit generally by dovetailing
a loose piece which I will call No. 1 key or middle piece, and which partially
forms the throat part of the trap. The next is the main outlet core which is not
a fixed core (as is the case at H Fig. 32 Patent 12157 1889) but made to slide upon
its own slide cast or fitted on this core.
On this outlet core, I fit generally by dovetailing first two locking cores, which
partially forms the back part of the outlet of the trap, and partially the front or
band part of the trap the one of the above two locking cores is made to meet
the No. 1 throat piece and the other to meet the top part of the inlet or dip part
of the mould, and which forms the bottom or partially the bottom part of the trap.
Having these parts fitted nothing now remains but the cheeks. These I make
as follows. On the main outlet core I form a dovetailed groove generally sideways
on this main outlet core and fit a small piece which I will call No. 1 cheek core:
above this core piece I fit another No. 2 core piece preferably by dowels: I then
fit No. 3 core piece which in this case I dovetail on to the main fixed core and
which core piece is also fitted to No. 2 core piece and all three cheek pieces made
to fit the locking cores in such a way that the locking core will readily come away
in order that the cheek cores can be removed: but these cores viz. the locking
cores are not held in their possission by screws, springs or any thing of this sort
nor are they held in possission by anything appertaining to what is known as Lows
method of securing the cores, my cores being simply held in their possission simply
by fitting into each other; and which when the main cores are withdrawn will
leave each other readily and so produce a P or half S or S trap heretofore not
accomplished in this manner.
At times I form the bottom part of the trap with a simple cap piece and which
cap piece forms a locking piece to steady the cheeks. When required I press the
castings.
:
Of course these cores will produce round throat traps as well as traps having
the V dip it will also produce smaller traps; or such cores can be made use of
to cast traps & cones as first mentioned with the dip piece or throat part cast in ;
or on the body of the cone & trap; the first part of this my invention being recited
first to illustrate the simplicity of the cores & which I vary to circumstances.
I also cast on a mould with preferably one core, closet basin cones, or lead
hoppers to receive closet basins which have heretofore been made by bossing up or
otherwise; and which will reduce the cost of producing such articles to a quarter
or less cost.
Of course any of my cores can be cut up into a number of parts without
departing from their simple construction, and the main fixed core can be mde in
segments but for no purpose unless to vary my invention.
In some cases I use double sets of cores, one set to be in use whilst the other set is
being taken out of the casting and which also greatly facilitates the work, especially
when on light trap castings. I heat these cores generally in an oven which keeps
them clean whilst the main fixed cores I prefer to heat with gas & air. I have
refered to Fig. 552 in my work on plumbing as a drawing to illustrate my description
but there are many other closets which can be used in combination with the trap
and hopper cast with foot pieces or more correctly speaking the lead casting forming
the foot part of the trap, for instance Jennings wash-out basins can be very well
fitted to such, and the flange or socket pieces varied to suit circumstances and which
can be burnt on or fitted in various ways.
Dated this 3rd November 1901

page_text: Improvements in Lead Casting, and the Cores, Moulds, Chills, or
Tools connected therewith.
I PHILIP JOHN DAVIES of 78 Earl's Court Road Kensington in the County of
Middlesex Hydraulic Engineer and Professional Leadburner and Caster do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and
drawings annexed :-
This invention relates to improvements in what is known as metal moulds for
casting and forming, making, pressing or finishing leaden goods and the casting
produced thereby and has for its object the facilitating of the working of the
moulds, which are of improved or new shape, and the tools connected therewith,
and which are of an excedingly simple construction whereby I produce a more
solid & better casting, at a faster, better, and cheaper rate than anything in lead
heretofore. Part of which tools or moulds I at suitable times work in conjunction
with other Patents granted to me for similar purposes. These leaden goods are for
sanitary purposes such as syphons, hoppers cones or sockets and bases; and the
stink traps of peculiar shapes especially those closet traps requiring lead hoppers or
cones, sockets or flanges for the basin to sit therein or on, and the general formation
of the moulds for casting such closet goods with a foot, base, pedastal, or lugs, for
the trap to stand thereon, which I at times strengthen by the use of web or webs
and which goods are at times provided with screws on their ends or inlets for con-
necting pipes thereto or therefrom. Such moulds are generally made of metal such
as iron or steel and the cores connected therewith form an important part of this
invention as also do the tools which I apply to such moulds and which will be
clearly understood and learnt by the following description and reference to the
drawings hereto attached.
1 in my Provisional had occasion to refer to Fig. 552. of my book Standard
Practical Plumbing as a closet trap which is an earthenware foot trap with cone,
socket or flanged trap I also refer to Jennings wash-out basin (which is shown
at Fig. 493) this wash-out basin will be seen to have a flange for fixing upon the
trap which is of iron or a trap cast in sand and is a trap of simalar shape to those
which I now cast in chill or iron moulds & with lead and for which is partially the
subject matter of this my invention, but it must not be understood by this reading
that I claim to be the inventor of casting traps in sand, nor of an ordinary class in
iron moulds as the same has been done before; my invention being for the casting
sockets, cones, bases and the traps of a peculiar class hereafter to be shown, & in
the chills, moulds, and the cores and tools for casting these traps with flanges,
cones, or sockets, bases, for the different class of closet basins or the casting in
chills, or moulds lead traps having feet or lugs for the traps to stand upon and
(which is clearly shown at Fig. 57 & 58) casting the basin sockets; also the
connections thereto, or therefrom, all of which may be made in part or parts, and
may also be made & sold separately when desired and put together by ordinary
plumbers. For instance Braziers closet Fig. 5, Sheet 1, I make in two pieces,
riz. the body and foot in one, and the dip part P. B, in another, and burn or other-
wise fix this dip in afterwards; but by dividing core D, Fig. 6, into sinaller
segments, and leaving a lead or metal space between the main or fixed core (shown
by dotted lines) the dip & body may be cast in one piece, this also refers to Fig. 1,
and 2; or the top may be cast open and burnt on afterwards as in my well known
Kensington closet trap, Fig. 28 Sheet 7 Patent No. 12,157, of 1889; without
departing from my or the main feature of this invention; and if such was to be
done then I should be entitled to protection inasmuch as I am the inventor &
patentee of the Kensington closet trap, I will now proceed to fully describe this

page_text: $
my present invention begining with the closet trap with hopper or cone combined.
Any or all the moulds may be made in parts viz. trap, socket or bases.
Fig. 1 Sheet 1, is a section of Messrs. Emanuel & Sons closet, and which lead
work A, C, H, B, was first made by hand labour, though now. I cast them in chill
moulds at half the cost and for that firm.
Fig. 2, is a section of my chill mould for casting Fig. 1, with 3 cores. T, F, V, is
the main or fixed core. I for convenience sake all through shall call this a fixed
core, but it need not be what some may term a fixed core; D is the draw core,
wherin is a small ram or piston E for compressing the lead. B the moveable core.
This moveable core may be varied or cut up into segments as shown by the dotted
lines or otherwise should it be required to cast the trap and dip in one piece. G, is
the outside chill mould. This outside may be varied as at L Fig. 7, when it is
required to cast the trap with a foot, flange, base, lugs, or pedastal. With this
trap Fig. 1, I prefer to cast the foot or stand separate as shown at Fig. 3 and at
times strengthen the same with webs F.
Fig. 4 is my metal mould for casting the foot or trap bases generally, separate.
T is the fixed core; D, the outside chills and L, the part to form the underside of
the foot or flange. F, A, B, K, is the lead casting. It will be obvious that this
metal mould may be varied widely and be used to cast feet, flanges, bases, or
pedastals suitable for S, P or other traps. We will now go back and put the
bottom of Fig. 1, on to the foot Fig. 3; E, F, Fig. 1, fits on A. B, Fig. 3, and is
usually soldered or burnt together; so that it is clear one part may be used without
the other; yet the two combined make the better and more convenient article.
Fig. 1, is my metal mould cast lead trap A, E, F, C, B, H, which may be of an
S, form as shown by the dotted lines. I, B, is the burnt in dip; J the closet basin
sometimes prefered in parts at line A', B', of earthenware; H the screwed arm
(see Patent 12,157, 1889, first page line 29 and 30) also see Q, Fig. 5, Sheet 1,
present Patent.
Fig. 8, Sheet 1, is my cast lead clip supply arm, cast in metal moulds with screws
and flange A, for cliping, soldering or cementing to the basin; the lining B, I often
make bent which moulds are made in scores of fashions, & too well known to
require further description here.
Fig. 5, illustrates a cast lead trap to superceed the earthenware trap, known as
Braziers; A, is the hopper; C the outgo, sometimes screwed at S, to receive any
my patent unions; B. P, the dip, which I like to burn in after the body is cast.
, the foot part, not always cast on; R, the lead bent supply arm.
of
Fig. 6, is the metal mould like Fig. 2, but the shape of the mould must be that
of the trap Fig. , and which is smaller than Fig. 1, when made; F the main core,
D, E, draw core; B, movable core; C, the pouring hole; G, the outside chill;
H, the lead casting; A, the press screw.
Fig. 7, is the same class of metal mould as Fig. 6, except that in Fig. 7, the
mould is made to cast the trap, hopper, and foot in one piece (simular letters refer
to parts) described in Fig. 6. In this mould Fig. 6, must be noticed that the outer
parts or the chills are very different at K, for forming feet or flanges on, or for the
bottoms of traps; and is a chief characteristic in this invention.
Fig. 9, is an elevation of the trap simalar to Fig. 5, made more of an S, trap, or
smaller at the throat part of the trap; this chill mould cast lead trap has also a
flange at A, whereby strength is given to the trap. This trap is also cast with the
lugs K, K, or foot which is lighter than the flange K, Fig. 7, and in some places
just as good.
Fig. 10, is the chill mould for casting the trap, hopper and foot combined, and
differs a little from Fig. 7; Fig. 10, being a mould for casting an S, trap, the
difference being the outgo or draw core E, being made to work in this case vertical,
whilst the draw core in Fig. 7, draws nearly horizontal. The dotted lines at G,
shows that the mould may be P, shape or the outlet put on separatly at A",
B"
D, Fig. 10, is the movable core sometimes prefered to be in small segments as
shown at 1, 2, 3, &c. Fig 14. It may be noticed that the foot part of the trap or

page_text: crent to that shown
not so good a mould to work as Fig. 7.
5. 10, FOOD as simply more denvery and is
UNSIPHONABLE OR SELF CLEANSING TRAPS.
Fig. 13, is an elevation of what is known as an unsiphonable and self cleansing
foot trap.
Fig. 13, Sheet 2 is the same without foot, especially suitable for valve closet
work, and differs in construction from what is known as round pipe traps by the
formation of the sides, top, dip and out-go on purpose for checking or arresting the
flow or momenta of the water. The construction of this trap necessitates a peculiar
construction or adaptation of cores varying from what is known as Lowe's cores;
Lowe's cores (see Patent No. 2906, 1859.) must throughout be of a rounded
character, in order that the dove-tailed sides can be loosened. This forms rounded
parts in the curves of the trap and is more like a pressed or drawn trap, (see
Patent 3646, 1875,) which under no condition should be used under a valve closet,
as the water will ebb or momenta below the dip of the trap, especially under
certain conditions. In this trap Fig. 13, and 134, the inlet A, is round, sides and
top B, flat, outlet D, round and may be separate at A" B", and the dip part Q,
can with my cores be made to quite a sharp V, (see Q) yet the curvature of the
round part of the inlet may be maintained; this allows the soil to readily get from
the inlet side into the body of the trap, without having to tunnel or burrow itself
as though passing a long necked siphon. This V, is not new, as I made such traps
nearly 20 years ago, but with sand cores, my present section cores being a great
novelty. So far as regards the flat part an the top of the outgo, and the flattened
sides of the body of the trap there is nothing new about this, but the cores for
forming the trap is new.
We will now refer to Fig. 11. This trap is cast with cores as Fig. 13, the
external shapes Fig. 11 being of a more easy character, and is suitable for a more
common class of closet, such for instance as artizans dwellings, where earthenware
heretofore have been used, yet the inlet to this trap I prefer to make with the flat
dip, the outlet at F, Q, being of an easy form, the dip being preferably cone
shape & sharp or narrow (see Fig. 58,) allows the soil to converge & readily pass
under it, whilst the outlet Q (at times burnt on separate as at FI Fig. 11,) allows
the soil to easily glide into the soil pipes. On to this trap Fig. 11,
may cast a
base, feet, lugs or a flange, so that the trap will stand by itself. On the top of the
inlet is shown a flange which may also take the shape of a cone, (see Fig. 13,) or
socket, (see Fig. 14, Fig. 23, Fig. 57 & 58, Sheet 2, &c.) suitable, & for receiving
the trunk or outlet of earthenware basins in one or two pieces.
Having described the external parts of such traps, the mould will be easier to
understand, as lead trap casting metal moulds are not everybodys reading, however
well drawn or described.
Fig. 12, Sheet 1, shows the principle upon which I generally form my mould for
casting this class of trap. TABLE, is the base part; F, is the main, fixed, or
mounted core, showing the joints; one is a loose piece fitted to the dip and draw core
and which I will call number 1 locking piece. The next is the main outlet, or draw
core E, preferably made to work upon the slide Y, and O. On this main outlet
core I fit generally by dovetailing number 2 piece.
Fig. 15, and 16 Sheet 7, illustrates these two pieces. C is the cap piece also sec
Fig. 17. Sheet 1, H are dovetailed slides for the cheeks. Having seen this skeleton
mould Fig. 12; next refer to Fig. 14, which shows the mould especially the cheek
parts of the core; D, is the first part of the cheek core which is fitted on to the
draw core E, preferably by dovetailing. K, is the second cheek piece; Q, is the
third cheek piece, both of which is fitted on to D; 3, 4 and P, are also cheek
pieces, all fitted with dowels, or slides or dovetails, or their equivalents to the other

page_text: parts of the core, and all of which are covered and when necessary held firmly
together with a CA P. L, is the part for forming the flange, viz. when the trap is to
be cast with a foot or base on it. G is the outside chill and which in this case is
in 6 pieces riz. T, see Fig. 12, at T, T, in two parts; G, in two parts, and L, in
two parts, all of which may be in two pieces. but would be harder to work.
Having explained the various parts of the moulds and the method upon which I
at times build my cores, I will now describe the working, but would remark that
however well I may describe and illustrate my invention, it will require a very
considerable amount of practice to put it into effect, as lead casting is an art in
itself. First, the mould is heated to a suitable temperature, (say to 400° F. ;) then
the hot lead is poured into the mould, and allowed to set; now draw with the
lever L, Fig. 12, the core shown at E, Fig. 14, which will leave all the loose parts
behind it, and in the lead casting, now take off the foot or base part L; next lift
the outside up off the table which takes all the loose cores leaving the main fixed
core F, behind; or the main core F, may be made to draw downwards, and the
outsides G, made. to work latterly upon slides; which ever way the mould is made
the small cores must be taken out of the casting as follows, first with a suitable
hook, or tool fish out the locking cores, better shown at Figs. 15, & 16; this allows
the cheeks D, K, Q, 3, 4, & P, (which of course are on each side) to move towards
the centre of the trap, when D, falls out first; K, afterwards; then Q, then 3, then 4,
then P, lastly the C. A. P. It will be clear that I can with these cores cast a trap of
any shape, with or without a hopper, cone or socketed inlet, but in order that the
mould may be made as light as possible for the working thereof, I at times prefer
to form the cones, sockets or hoppers in a separately or special mould; such as is
shown at Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, &c. Figs. 14^, 22, 23 are specimens of cones,
hoppers, or sockets, the class of which I generally use with a foot trap Fig. 11; or
when necessary Fig. 13, or with drawn & other traps which may be joined together
by burning, soldering or otherwise. The special socket mould may be in parts, or
detached and will be clearly understood by the following. F, Fig. 18, is the main
fixed core, answering as the fixed core in Fig. 12, mould; G, the outsides in two or
more parts Fig. 19, being a plan of the same, at A, B, Fig. 18. By reference to
Fig. 14, A, to J. B, in dotted lines, may be seen an internal ring or rings, better
shown at A, Fig. 23, also at B, Fig. (57, and Fig. 58, for the cement, see Fig. 58, &c.,)
and which will require (when used) a special form of main or fixed core, as shown
at A, B, Fig. 18. This I prefer to form by a segmental ring, shown in the plan
Fig. 19, at A, B. The working of the moulds Figs. 18, 19, is as follows; the
mould being filled in the usual manner, (this & other moulds can be filled if required
to only D, or partially, for running short socket Fig. 23) then take the outsides with
the castings off the main core, open the outsides when the segmental parts of the
ring A, A, Fig. 19, & Fig. 20, may be pulled internally, then lifted out of the
casting, when the two sides B, B, can also be moved internally, also see Fig. 20.
These sockets will suit drawn or pressed traps.
HOPPER CONE MOULDS.
Fig. 21, illustrates the hopper cone mould, which will be readily understood
after the description of Figs. 18, & 19. Sometimes I form as shown at J. G, an
arm on the basin, and supply water thereto with screwed overflow or supply arms,
as shown at Figs. 59, 60, 61, & 62, Sheet 5; the moulds of which are to be seen at
Figs. 49, 50, & 51, Sheet 5, & descriptions.
Having seen these moulds Figs. 12, 14, 18, 19, &c., it will be clear that these
cores may be somewhat varied, and for the sake of variation refer to Fig. 24,
Sheet 2. In this figure may be seen the main fixed core F, in sections, or parts,
with a slide 1, for forming the throat part of the trap, also see the draw core D, E,
which has a large falling or locking piece 2, and a locking piece 4, & 3, very
different from that shown at Figs. 12 & 14. For the end view of my draw-core E,

page_text: Figs. 13, 14, & 24 see Fig. 25, which is a section taken at A, B, Fig. 24, with the
cheeks 3, 3, Fig. 25, added. This section illustrates the method of dovetailing the
cheeks.
Having seen my metal moulds for casting traps with or without hoppers, cones,
flanges or sockets in one piece, or in parts, next examine Fig. 26, Sheet 2, here is a
trap for valve closets with the box B, cast thereon, with foot combined at A" B"
this may be in parts. Fig. 27, illustrates the metal mould for showing the formation
of the chills or outsides, and especially that part at the flange H, with the outside
chills in two pieces only, except the foot or base part K, which may also be
separate or in one piece as is the case with Fig. 10. Of course with these outside,
& new chills other than my cores may be used; for instance could as refered to
in siphons & in the Provisional, use a sand or even a Lowe's core to produce a trap
having a foot, base, or pedal.
Fig. 28 Sheet 3, illustrates my mould for casting the valve closet trap Fig. 26,
with a flange H, to receive a valve closet lead box A, Fig. 29; and which box
may be bolted or otherwise fixed on to the trap in order to form what is known as
a left or right handed closet trap; so that the trap, or box may be set square with
the closet, as in Fig. 1 see line A' B', or in other words this box and trap will form
what is known as a universal trap.
The parts are as follows; F Fig. 28. is the base part of the core. R, is the bottom
part of the chill, which forms the top of the outgo of the trap; and G, the top of
the chill, into which fits the top piece L, for forming the underside of the foot part.
Fig. 30, Sheet 3, illustrates part of the foot chills, which I prefer to make in
halves, which drops into the recessed part K, K, Fig. 28. It will be easy to
understand the mould Fig. 29, as follows F, the base part, having the core ;
G, the middle part of the outside chill; K, the top part of the outside chill; the
runners of any of these traps or moulds may be placed at any convenient place.
some men prefering the runners in one place, & some another.
Fig. 31, Sheet 3, illustrates a foot trap, with flat flange which I make in these
my new chill moulds for Mr. G. M. Lawford, and under his Patent No. 6944, 1891,
I being the first to invent the necessary moulds, cores, & chills for casting such
traps, which he acknowledges. Sometimes holes A, A for receiving a valve closet
box as at A, Fig. 29, or a closet basin or hopper, for instance Jennings wash-out
basin, to be bolted on as will be used for prisons, work-house or other rough work.
Fig. 32, Sheet 3, illustrates the base part of say H, Fig. 28, for forming the
flange trap Fig. 31; A, B, being the cores.
Fig. 33, Sheet 3, illustrates a mould for making a plain or internal ringed basin
outlet socket, such as is shown at Fig. 23, Sheet 1. The sectional ring may be
continued with horns, or hand pieces, as shown by the dotted lines E. The parts
are as follows; F, the base and core, K, the lower part of the chill; G, the top
part of the chill. The outside of the socket may be in one piece or it is fluted.
Fig. 34, Sheet 3, illustrates a hopper trap, similar in construction to Fig. 1, with
this difference, that Fig. 1, can only be used to go straight through the back wall
of the closet, and as pipes are at times taken down the angles of walls, it is desirable
to have the out-go S, of the trap as near as practical to such down pipes. This
difficulty is got over by the use of a flanged bend as shown at W, Fig. 34, or by making
the bottom of basin two. The trap mould Fig. 2, Sheet 1, being simply altered to
that shown by the dotted lines at B, D & W, Fig. 2; or which can easily be
done by any intelligent pattern-maker, and fitter, without my having to give more
description & drawings; but it may be necessary to further describe suitable bend
mould; for this refer to Figs. 36, & 35, Sheet 3; E, Fig. 35, is the base whereon
is fitted a fixed core; R, the lower chill; G, the upper chill; B, the bend and K,
the flange; the best class of core for this mould is described and illustrated at
Fig. 46, Sheet 3, of my Patent, and No. 12,157, 1889. The bend core is also shown
at Fig. 37, Sheet 4. Fig. 36, in this my present Specification is the same class of
bend, but with bell or trumpet mouthed inlet as at K. When such is made I
usually do away with a flange and use this for converting Fig. 13, or Fig. 11, into

page_text: what is known as S, traps, by simply pushing the end of the out-go into the cone
part of the bend, and burning the lead together, which makes a cheap and very
substantial job.
Fig. 37, Sheet 4, illustrates a mould for making a trumpet mouthed waste bend
with a flauge for traps of iron or earthenware, of a simalar shape to Fig. 1, or it
can be used in conjunction with my lead trap Fig. 1, as shown by dotted lines C, H,
and Z, Z, this is to enable the plumber to connect or disconnect the closet trap
& basin from the soil-pipes, for repairs &c., without having to make a 4", soldered
joint. The parts are as follows F, Fig. 37, is the base, and W, W, the core part;
B, the draw core; S, the slide part of the core; T, the end segment which is
fitted on to the core W, and core S; G, the flange and outside chill. The
action of this mould is as follows, having it full of lead draw the core B, which
leaves S, in the casting; then take out S, and lift the chill G, off the core W,
and the casting is then ready for taking out of the chills. At times I utilize
this bend mould to make cone bends as shown by the dotted lines W, W; at
other times I only use this mould for making linings with a flange as from
G, to A, for connecting any of my castings as at Fig. 38, Sheet 3, to the soil
pipes, with flanges, as at G, G. In Fig. 38, Sheet 3, may be seen at A, the
basin shown by dotted lines, as fitted into the cast lead trap, this basin is
sometimes held in the socket part of the trap with preferably Portland cement at A ;
or the basin may be fixed with putty, and set screw, as at B; and when such is the
case "viz." when set screws are required to be used I form in the chill part of the
mould as at the dotted lines W, Fig. 28, Sheet 3, holes or recesses of a convenient
size to form lumps, spurs, or a flange of metal thick enough to stand screwing to
hold the necessary set screws B; or instead of these lumps, flanges, or rings of
lead, I insert small and suitable studs of brass having tinned sides or ends;
which becomes heated in the mould, when the lead readily adheres, or unites
round the tinned part, and which makes a good strong job. In the same manner
I at times insert into these my moulds brass, gun-metal or copper collars,
suitable for holding the basin part of the closet, and which is suitable for what
is known as J. Tylor & Sons well-known column closet, and my trap mould is
suitable for casting the same, which heretofore has been made in parts and soldered
with brass collars or sockets, but which is not so good as a solid cast lead and
pressed trap.
Fig. 39, Sheet 4, illustrates a cast lead trap made with a screw inlet socket A,
for receiving a screwed spigot either in the shape of a closet basin or otherwise.
This screw part is formed in the inould Fig. 14, but with a core part formed with
an externally screwed sectional ring, as at A, B, Figs. 18, 19, & 20. This trap
Fig. 39, shows that the dotted line socket B, is or may be sometimes fitted on an
iron pedastal, and with my lead riveted, preferably by a lead button, or pin burnt on
the bottom or side of the trap as per dotted lines at Z, Z, that is to say when the stand
or foot is of iron; and at other times on to the lead stand Fig. 3, but I prefer to form
the trap & pedastal in one piece, and in the mould Fig. 14. Sometimes closet and
other traps are formed with extended outgo as shown at B, D Fig. 40, and when such
is the case I prefer to cast the part separatly, viz. the body of the trap A, C, E, in one
piece, and the bend B, in another, and by joining the sanie to a length of ordinary
pipe, by means of a chill mould cast lead socket, as at F. This my new socket to
have ears, tacks, or wings (& not lugs as of old Patent) for fixing the same, and as
shown at F.
Fig. 41, & 42, shows the socket enlarged, the socket moulds are fully described
and illustrated in my previous Patents.
Fig. 43, is the tack or ear enriched which I use & claim for supporting any of
my traps or castings especially the lead siphons, & pipes, hereafter to be refered to,
or otherwise.
Fig. 44, Sheet 5, illustrates the method of fixing the earthenware basin for slop
closets and other basins, into the cone of the lead foot trap which may be cast in
halves and burnt together as at E. and fixed with preferably Portland cement at B,

page_text: and one way of attaching my clip, or supply arms to the arm of the basin D, which
in this case I do so by making a mould as at Fig. 45, Sheet 4, which forms a
Bcrewed nut, or clip, in two or more pieces. It will be obvious that if the core of
the mould be a screwed thread that the internal part of the lead nut B, when run
upon the core A, will be also threaded, and when these two or more parts are put
together over the arm of the basin as at D, Fig. 4+, Sheet 5, & fixed together by
means of solder, or screws, or otherwise, that the nut can be made to revolve upon
the arm of the basin, and thereby hold a screwed spigot end, or socketed end of a
supply arm. The enlarged nut or clip is shown at Figs. 46, & 47, Sheet 4.
Fig. 48, Sheet 5, illustrates the threaded supply arm which may be bent or
otherwise.
Fig. 49, illustrates the mould for making such straight clip, or screwed supply
clip arms.
A, is the core; B, the outside chills. At times I use large clips or nuts, suitable
for the out-go of traps, as at S, Fig. 5, Sheet 1; and when such is the case I cast
them in a mould simalar to that shown at Fig. 50, Sheet 5 with or without screws
or threads. A, is the base and screwed core B, the plain outside clip chill D, the
lead clip or nut, also shown at Fig. 51, Sheet 5. Packing may be used when the
clips are not screwed, or made not to revolve on the basin arm.
Fig. 52, is a mould for casting lead supply arms, with a screw thereon which may
be flanged at A, or otherwise, but this is nothing more than my bend or supply
arm moulds shown in my previous Patents with the added screws cut in the internal
or chill parts of the mould.
:
Fig. 53, Sheet 5, is my siphon mould, showing the simple cores, simalar to those
before referred to: F, being the main fixed core: 1, 1, is the core answering the
core piece Fig. 15, Sheet 1: 2, 2, are the core pieces answering core 16, Sheet 1 :
C, is the cap piece: 3, 3, are the cheek pieces. The action of this mould is as
follows; supposing it to be filled with lead, lift the external chills G, which will
bring with it all the core pieces except 2, 2, which are sometimes hinged with a
loose pin and slot at J, J. Then take out of the casting the locking pieces 1, 1,
which are continued to K, K, in order that it may be easy to catch hold of when
the cheeks 3, 3 will fall out of the casting. It will be obvious that this system of
cores can be very well adapted for making all classes of lead bends, viz., by con-
verting the mould core as shown by the dotted lines Z. This system of cores can
be used with any of my previous moulds.
In my Provisional I spoke of using a sand core in conjunction with this mould,
when I use such the joint of the sand comes at the dotted lines 1, 1, and which is
to form the part of the siphon.
Fig. 54, Sheet 6, is what is known as the Eclipse trap, also as the weir trap the
latter heretofore cast in sand cores, and which is a trap in shape between Figs. 1,
and 13. The mould for casting, I have simplified by casting the external part of
the trap as shown in mould Fig. 2, Sheet 1, without the dip, but this trap is some-
what different on the inlet side to that shown at Fig. 1, Sheet 1, it being smaller
and has a circular dip, which I burn in after the outside of the trap is cast.
Fig. 55, Sheet 6, shows the simplicity of my cores suitable for this trap, F being
the main core which may be worked downwards as per dotted lines Z. E, the
draw core: B, the cheek core, and C, the top cheek core or cap: A, a flange, or
Z, is a little
instead of a flange the pipe may be continued as per dotted lines W.
press piston working in the small cylinder bored in the outer part or chill of the
mould, and may be worked from any convenient form of force pump; but generally
I prefer the small forcing screw as fitted to the other moulds as at A, Figs. 10, 6, &c.,
it being extremly simple though of very powerful construction, and which will com-
press the lead quite sufficient for all practical purposes: one half of a square inch
being more lead than is required for the largest of our castings viz. I do not add to
the lead casting more than half an inch compressed lead and which gives solidity to
the lead casting.
Fig. 56, Sheet 6, is a section of the mould I use for casting the dip part and

page_text: after what I have written on these moulds will at a glance be readily understood.
I may here remark that I, at times cast this trap with a closet box inlet, and when such
is the case the mould is slightly varied on the inlet side as at VALVE closet box,
Fig. 27, Sheet 2; and sometimes I make the mould for casting this trap with a foot
or base as shown by the dotted lines at L, L, Fig. 55. Sometimes the outgo
of this trap is continued into an easy bend as at E, Fig. 63, Sheet 5; and use a
lead nut and lining as shown at Fig. 61, Sheet 5, or with a simple lining as at F,
Fig. 63.
Of course I do not in any way restrict myself to the absolute use or application
of any particular part or parts which I have had an occasion to refer to in order to
illustrate my invention, as the same may be greatly varied; for instance the trap
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, may with my bend Fig. 35, or 36, Sheet 3 when burnt, soldered, or
fixed together, be conviently used either for a left or right hand trap; also the
trap Fig. 11, 13, & 13A, Sheet 2, or Figs. 57, or 58, may with a bend be readily con-
verted into an S trap: or instead of the screwed basin arm coupling H, Fig. 58,
Sheet 2, and Figs. 59, and 60, Sheet 5, my well known cement screwed coupling
(described in a previous Patent) Fig. 62, Sheet 5, may be at times used with
advantage.
Having now particularly described and illustrated the nature of my said invention
of improvements in the production of lead casting and the cores, moulds, chills or
tools connected therewith and in what manner the same is to be performed, I desire
to state; I do not here reclaim any of the parts of my previous patented articles,
nor the making of chill moulds in general; but what I do claim in this my present
invention is:-
Firstly. The casting of such lead closet traps as are shown at Fig. 1, 5, &c. of
my drawings attached hereto, without the dip, and which dip, I burn, solder, or fix
in after the body part of the trap is cast, & in order to simplify the construction
of the moulds and the working thereof; and the general construction of the
moulds, cores, and chills for casting the same, substantially as described, and
illustrated by the drawings 2, 6, 7, 10, 55 &c.
Secondly. The casting of such closet lead traps as above with the dips cast with
the bodies substantially as described, and illustrated by the drawings.
Thirdly. The casting of such closet lead traps with foot or base parts; in chill
moulds, also the mould for casting closet trap bases of lead, or the foot part separate,
and substantially as described, & as shown at Fig. 4, of the drawings.
Fourthly. Constructing chill moulds for casting lead closet traps, with flanges,
sockets, or flanged cones, on their inlets for receiving, holding, or attaching thereon
closet basins substantially as described & as shown and illustrated at A Fig. 11;
Z, Fig. 14; A, Fig. 38: A Fig. 31; H, Fig. 28: A Fig. 39: B Fig. 44:
B, Fig. 57 B, Fig. 58: B, Fig. 26, of the drawings.
Fifthly. The moulds for casting the lead hoppers also lead flanges, sockets, or
cones for closet basins, with or without the internal rings, substantially as illustrated
in the various drawings & described.
Sixthly. Casting what is described & known as lead foot traps in chill moulds,
substantially as described & as shown at Fig. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 26, 31, 38, 44, E 57,
& E, 58, of the drawings & with or without flanges, sockets, or cones, also with
webs.
Seventhly. The general arrangement & construction of the cores substantially
as described and shown in the various drawings, attached and for the purpose
specified.
Eighthly. The general arrangement of the outer parts, or chill moulds in two or
more pieces, for casting or forming a cast lead or base, or foot part, for lead traps
generally and for the formation of the strengthening webs D & C Fig. 58, and
substantially as described and illustrated in the various drawings, or any modifi-
cation thereof, of the parts shown or referred to.
Ninthly. The mould for clips, or making a nut or connection in two or more

page_text: parts, for connecting with clips & washer the supply arm to the arms of basins, or
traps, which may be soldered, burnt or otherwise put together and over the arm
and substantially as described; and also illustrated in the drawings attached,
especially at Figs. 44 & 46.
Tenthly. The moulds for clips or making screwed supply or other overflow arms
connections wastes &c. as at Fig. 49, 50, &c. of the drawings; and which is to
show the improved method of making my patent supply arms, also described in my
former Patent.
Eleventhly. Making cast lead trap moulds, to work with a tool which will
compress the lead casting after the lead is run generally and substantially as
described & shown at Figs. 2, 10, 7, 55, &c. of the drawings. Such tool may be
in the shape of a simple screw or even a hydraulic or other press.
Twelvthly. The casting in chill moulds lead sockets or connections as shown at
Figs. 41, & 42, with the ears in one casting, or separatly and afterwards burnt on as
at F, Fig. 40, such ears been shown enlarged at Fig. 43, of the drawings.
Thirteenthly. The general arrangement of the moulds for bend casting as shown
& described at Figs. 36, 35, 37, 53, of the drawings.
Lastly. The whole of the moulds as illustrated on the six sheets and hereto
attached, and for the general purpos specified, and the general fixing of closet
basins into my special cast lead sockets, substantially as shown at Fig. 58, & 44,
& making cast lead sockets for drawn or pressed traps.
Dated the 3rd November 1891.
P. J. DAVIES.