Parts of which are Applicable to Ordinary Telegrapny.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1886
Complete Left, 7th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 31st May, 1887.
therefor, Parts of which are Applicable to Ordinary Telegrapny.
1, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:
The invention has reference to the art of transmitting by telegraphy prepared
messages, so as to be able to send in any given space of time a greatly increased
number of words, and comprises new means of transmitting such messages and
also improvements in the apparatus to ensure the accuracy and clearness of messages
sent at a high rate of speed.
It may be premised that in this case as in all other automatic telegraphy the
messages are sent by the contact of the transmitting styluses alternately with the
conducting surface of the revolving cylinder and the insulated spaces marked upon it,
and that these may be worked either positively or negatively as desired.
The insulated lines of the message or messages to be sent are placed upon the
surface of a cylinder, as has been already done, but in this instrument the pen
by which the signs or symbols are marked on the surface of such roller is, during
the operation of noting down such message always in contact with the cylinder,
being moved from side to side by ordinary or special means so as to describe a
continuous message line, which however is not a straight line, but is composed
of short lines placed in two parallel paths and connected together by diagonal lines
which join the ends of the said short lines.

page_text: According to one arrangement an electro magnet excited by any suitable battery
and key, is worked by the operator. The armature is secured to the side of the
pen holder and a retractile spring holds the pen holder and pen when not acted
upon by the electro magnet.
By the arrangement above described the pen which is uniformly carried sideways
and is continuously fed from a fountain, is kept in constant contact with the surface
of the cylinder. The pen describes in insulating ink a line which can be used either
as the positive or negative of a message, such line being, by the rotary movement
of the cylinder and sideways movement of the pen travelling across its surface,
a spiral. The line, however, is not a true spiral but is interrupted by the action
of the electro magnet, and takes the form described above. The pen tube has a nib
split or slotted with two slits longitudinally of the pen tube and at the bottom another
across these transversely to the tube so as to work with less ink. This tube is
attached by a flexible connection to the syphon communicating with the ink fountain
or reservoir arranged to be raised or lowered at will. The tables carrying the pen
by which the message is prepared and the styluses through which the message
is conveyed to the distant station are mounted above a screw shaft to which either
may be attached at will. Means are provided for ensuring the rotation at the same
rate of speed of the cylinder and screw shaft. The continuous message line above
mentioned is the positive or negative of the message to be transmitted, and is formed
of an ink capable of breaking the current between the stylus and cylinder such
ink being preferably composed of commercial mucilage, or gum-arabic diluted
and coloured.
For transmitting messages there may be employed two batteries, one sending
to line a plus+ and the other a minus current. In this case the transmitting roller
on which a message line has been inscribed is connected to earth and one of these
batteries interposed between each stylus and the line. The two styluses rest on the
two paths of the message line, one of them always touching the naked metal and the
other the insulating ink. As the cylinder revolves they continually change their
conditions in this respect. It is evident that while one stylus is making electrical
contact with the rotating roller a current (say positive) will proceed from earth
to roller through the stylus and battery to line. At this time the contact of the
other is broken by the insulating ink. When the positions, as regards the message,
of the styluses are reversed, a current in the reversed direction (say negative) will
be sent to line.
This arrangement of the two batteries may be employed when it is desired to
repeat or retransmit messages at a distant station, the line being then preferably
taken through the magnet of a relay to earth and the action of such magnet upon
its armature putting into circuit a local battery which will operate as before described
to work a pen for transcribing a message on to the cylinder.
Secondary or induced currents may also be utilised for conveying a message,
in which case only a single stylus passing over either the negative or positive section
of the prepared message may be used.
In this case the local battery circuit passes from the battery through the primary
wire of an induction, or Ruhmkorff coil, and transmitting cylinder back to battery
and the secondary circuit is the line circuit taken to the earth at one end, and
through the recording instrument to earth at the other.
The secondary current can also be utilized to operate a polarized relay, and work
by means of a local battery at a far station the pen for re-transmission as before
described.
Instead of the ordinary key and circuit breaker, there may in some instances be
be used a key board.
The front part of the key proper is formed of non conducting material, the rear
end of two strips of brass or like metal carried by a spring secured to a strip
connected by the line with one pole of the battery, the other pole of which is
connected with a freely revolving metal roller the length of the key board.

page_text: In the strips are formed bearings for the metal spindle of the disc, in the periphery
of which is set the sign representing the corresponding letter formed of a metal
segment communicating with the spindle and having blocks of non-conducting
material lot into it so as to give the necessary spaces in the letter.
The disc is cut away and is secured to the frame by a retractile spring the
situation of this cut out being fixed by the length of the sign forming the letter.
When the operator depresses the key, the disc is brought into contact at an
insulated point of its periphery with the roller which rotates it, and as each sign
forming the letter comes in contact with the roller the battery circuit is completed
through the spindle and a current sent either to the electro magnet operating
the pen mechanism or to a distant station.
The dropping of the key at the cut out will warn the operator of the completion
of the letter and on the key being released the retractile spring will restore the parts
to their normal positions.
Stops arranged in the side of the disc and in the strips determine the normal
position of the disc with relation to the continuously revolving cylinder.
Dated this 0th day of Inly 1886
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham.

page_text: Improvements in Automatic Telegraphy and Apparatus Used
therefor, Parts of which are Applicable to Ordinary Telegraphy.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Jackson Rae and James
Cradock Simpson, both of the City of Montreal, in the District of Montreal, and
Province of Quebec, Canada,) to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The invention has reference to the art of transmitting by telegraphy prepared
messages, so as to be able to send in any given space of time a greatly increased
number of words, and comprises new means of transmitting such messages and also
improvements in the apparatus to ensure the accuracy and clearness of messages sent
at a high rate of speed.
It may be premised that in this case as in all other automatic telegraphy the
messages are sent by the contact of the transmitting styluses alternately with the
conducting surface of the revolving cylinder and the insulated spaces marked upon it,
and that these may be worked either positively or negatively as desired.
The insulated lines of the message or messages to be sent are placed upon the
surface of a cylinder, as has been already done, but in this instrument the pen by
which the signs or symbols are marked on the surface of such cylinder is, during
the operation of noting down such message, always in contact with the cylinder, being
moved from side to side by ordinary or special means so as to describe a continuous
message line, which, however, is not a straight line, but is composed of short lines placed
in two parallel paths and connected together by diagonal lines, which join the ends
of the said short lines.
According to one arrangement an electro magnet excited by any suitable battery
and key, is worked by the operator. The armature is secured to the side of the pen
holder and a retractile spring holds the pen holder and pen when not acted upon by
the electro magnet.
By the arrangement above described the pen which is uniformly carried sideways
and is continuously fed from a fountain, is kept in constant contact with the surface
of the cylinder. The pen describes in insulating ink a line which can be used either
as the positive or negative of a message, such line being, by the rotary movement of
the cylinder and the sideways movement of the pen travelling across its surface, a
spiral. The line, however, is not a true spiral, but is interrupted by the action of the
electro magnet, and takes the form described above.
The pen tube has a nib split or slotted with two slits longitudinally of the pen tube
and at the bottom another across these transversely to the tube so as to work with
less ink. This tube is attached by a flexible connection to the syphon communicating
with the ink fountain or reservoir arranged to be raised or lowered at will.
The tables carrying the pen by which the message is prepared and the styluses
through which the message is conveyed to the distant station, are mounted above a
screw shaft to which either may be attached at will. Means are provided for ensuring
the rotation at the same rate of speed of the cylinder and screw shaft.

page_text: The continuous message line above mentioned is the positive or negative of the
message to be transmitted, and is formed of an ink capable of breaking the current
between the stylus and cylinder, such ink being preferably composed of commercial
mucilage, or gum-arabic diluted and coloured.
1
For transmitting messages there may be employed two batteries, one sending to
line a plus and the other a minus current. In this case the transmitting roller
on which a message line has been inscribed is connected to earth and one of these
batteries interposed between each stylus and the line. The two styluses rest on the
two paths of the message line, one of them always touching the naked metal and the
other the insulating ink. As the cylinder revolves they continually change their
conditions in this respect. It is evident that while one stylus is making electrical
contact with the rotating roller, a current (say positive) will proceed from earth to
roller through the stylus and battery to line. At this time the contact of the other
is broken by the insulating ink. When the positions, as regards the message, of the
styluses are reversed, a current in the reversed direction (say negative) will be sent
to line.
This arrangement of the two batteries may be employed when it is desired to repeat
or re-transmit messages at a distant station, the line being then preferably taken
through the magnet of a relay to earth, and the action of such magnet upon its
armature putting into circuit a local battery which will operate as before described to
work a pen for transcribing a message on to the cylinder.
Secondary or induced currents may also be utilised for conveying a message, in
which case only a single stylus passing over either the negative or positive section of
the prepared message may be used. In this case the local battery circuit passes from
the battery through the primary wire of an induction, or Ruhmkorff coil, and trans-
mitting cylinder back to battery and the secondary circuit is the line circuit taken
to the earth at one end, and through the recording instrument to earth at the other.
The secondary current can also be utilised to operate a polarised relay, and work
by means of a local battery at a far station the pen for retransmission as before
described.
Instead of the ordinary key and circuit breaker, there may in some instances be
used a key board, which consists in a series of discs upon which are marked in metal
the several signs to be noted on the cylinder, these discs being mounted on keys, the
depression of any of which will bring its disc in contact with a continuously re-
volving roller by which it is partially rotated and the circuit through the battery
and the apparatus to be worked by the key completed.
Referring to the annexed drawings, Figure 1 is a side view of pen and the operating
mechanism; Figure 2 a plan of same; Figure 3 shews details of pen; Figure 4
is a side view shewing apparatus for regulating the motion of screw-shaft ; Figure 5
is an example of a line formed by the apparatus giving both the negative and the
positive of a message; Figure 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement
when two batteries are used; Figure 7 is a side view and Figure 8 a plan of
the two styluses; Figure 9 is a diagram of an apparatus for repeating message;
Figure 10 a diagram showing the method of working by secondary currents and
Figure 11 a side view of one key of the key board.
Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.
A is the rotating cylinder upon which the message is marked; it is of any suitable
construction and is mounted on the shaft A¹ carried in a suitable frame in which also
are arranged the screw shaft B and the slide B¹ carrying the tables C and D, on the
former of which are mounted the marking pen and its operating mechanism, and on the
latter the stylus or styluses.
The pen tube E has a nib E' split or slotted as shewn in Fig. 3 with two slits
longitudinally of the pen tube and at the bottom another across these transversely to the
tube. This tube E is attached by a flexible connection E to the syphon E' com-
municating with the ink fountain or reservoir E arranged to be raised or lowered at
will.
The pen tube E is secured to the pen hol ler e which is carried on a strong spring e

page_text: from the table C and has secured to it, in front, a spring
which the pen tube lies.
turned up at the end, in
F is an electro magnet charged by any suitable battery and key, worked by the
operator, and F¹ the armature is secured to the side of the pen holder e, F being a
retractile spring holding the pen holder and pen when not acted upon by the electro-
magnet, and F3, F³, stops between which the pen and holder play.
By the arrangement just described, the wear and tear of the pen, arising from
intermittent contact with the cylinder when an up and down motion is adopted are
materially lessened and there is no chance of the pen point clogging with ink.
Any kind of message may be marked on the cylinder, but it is preferred to use the
code described in Specification No. 8995 dated July 9 1886.
On the end of the screw shaft B is a gear wheel b, a similar wheel a being mounted
on the end of the cylinder shaft A¹.
Between these and intermeshing with both so as to communicate the motion of A'
to B, is an idle wheel a¹. By this means is secured the rotation at an even rate of
speed of the cylinder and screw shaft and the accuracy of the movement of the trans-
mitting stylus over the path of the pen.
The styluses H, H₁ are of any approved construction and are provided with suitable
devices for bringing them into contact with the cylinder A and detaching them there-
from, each stylus following a direct and uninterrupted spiral path composed of alternate
contacts and insulations.
With these two styluses may be used as shown in figure 6, two batteries K +
and K-sending respectively a plus and minus current to line L, these batteries being
placed upon lines 1, 1', taken from the styluses H, H¹ to the main line L and the
transmitting cylinder A being connected to earth.
By this means one stylus is in contact with the cylinder A while the other rests on
the insulating ink and as they constantly change these positions an alternating current
of differing polarity is sent to line.
Fig. 9 shows the above arrangement as constructed for repeating messages at any
station intermediate between the station from which the message is dispatched and
that at which it is to be received.
M is a relay, either polarized or ordinary, through the magnet of which the line
current passes to earth. N is a local battery put in circuit, by means of the armature
of such relay magnet, with the line O, the current of which will operate a pen
mechanism, similar to that already described, for the purpose of transcribing on the
cylinder at the intermediate station the message to be forwarded.
Some such device as the above will be found absolutely essential, when messages
are to be retransmitted, unless very heavy battery power be used in which case the
main line L may be taken (as shown by the dotted lines) directly to the electromagnet
of the pen apparatus at the retransmitting station.
The method by which secondary or induced currents are utilized according to this
invention to transmit messages in automatic telegraphy is shewn in Fig. 10, in which
the battery or primary circuit passes from the battery Q through the transmitting
cylinder A and primary coil P back to the battery.
The secondary circuit is, at the transmitting station, taken at one end to earth and
at the other to line passing at the receiving station through the recording instrument
and paper also to earth.
This secondary or induced current may also be used to operate the relay just
described and shewn in Figure 9.
It is preferred to use at the receiving station the ordinary chemical paper properly
carried over contact plates through which the current passes to earth, the recording
instrument being any suitable point.
In figure 11 is shown one of the keys of the improved keyboard.
The front part of the key R is of non-conducting material, the rear end of two
strips R¹ of metal carried by the spring S secured to the strip S¹ connected by the
line with one pole of the battery Z, the other pole of which is connected, with a freely
revolving metal roller T the length of the key board.

page_text: In the strips R are formed bearings for the metal spindle u of the disc U,
in the periphery of which is set the sign V representing the corresponding letter
formed of a metal segment communicating with the spindle u and having blocks of
non-conducting material let into it so as to give the necessary spaces in the letter.
The disc U is cut away as shewn at U1 and is secured to the frame by a retractile
spring W the situation of this cut-out being fixed by the length of the sign forming
the letter.
When the operator depresses the key, the disc U is brought into contact with the
roller T and as each sign forming the letter comes in contact with the roller 'T
the battery circuit is completed through the spindle u and a current sent either to
the electromagnet operating the pen mechanism or to a distant station.
It must be understood that the improvements herein described can be used in con-
nection with all or any of the known devices for transmitting telegraphic messages
automatically and that ordinary telegraphy and telephony may be used as adjuncts
theretofor the purposes of switching signalling and conveying messages; and that
more than one instrument can be used in a station.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :—
1. In automatic telegraphic apparatus a pen which is in constant and unbroken
contact with the cylinder while marking the message line, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
2. The combination in automatic telegraph apparatus of a pen with an electro
magnet and armature moving the said pen in a sidewise direction, substantially as
herein described.
3. In automatic telegraph apparatus a pen slitted vertically and longitudinally
along the bottom substantially as and for the purposes described.
4. In an automatic telegraph system insulating ink composed of colored commercial
mucilage or gum-arabic substantially as described.
5. In an automatic telegraph system forming a message on the cylinder for trans-
mission by means of a continuous line made up of two interrupted spirals connected
by oblique lines substantially as herein described.
6. In an automatic telegraph apparatus a screw arranged to move the pen and
stylus tables synchronously with the cylinder substantially as described.
7. In an automatic telegraph apparatus the combination with a recording and
transmitting cylinder, connected to earth, of two styluses, each connected to line
through a battery of different polarity substantially as and for the purposes herein
set forth.
8. In an automatic telegraph system preparing messages for retransmission by
means of line batteries of different polarity operating pen mechanism at the inter-
mediate station substantially as herein set forth.
9. In an automatic telegraph system transmitting messages through a relay for
repreparation at an intermediate station substantially as described.
10. In automatic telegraphy transmitting messages by induced currents derived
from an induction or Ruhmkorff coil substantially as described.
11. A key board composed of keys each having a disc bearing on its periphery a
letter or other sign, and being carried in and depressed by the said key so as to bring
its surface in contact with a rotating metal roller and thereby establish a battery
current either through local or line circuit, substantially as herein set forth.
Datad this 7th day of Annil AD 1007
W. LLOYD WISE.