An Improved Method of Exhausting, and Apparatus Employed therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1894-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Exhausting, and Apparatus Employed
therefor.
I STRETHILL HARRY WRIGHT of Ganarew Manor House, in the County of
Hereford, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
In my Provisional Specification of date A.D. 1885, 29th October No. 13018
I state "The improved method of exhausting according to this invention consists
in exhausting air, or other gases by means of a volume of fluid flowing part-bore
through a pipe, or pipes which may be in connection with any receptacle, or
receptacles or chamber, or chambers, or other object of exhaust for any desired
purpose.
The discovery and utilization of the fact that the maximum exhaust power
possessed by water flowing through tubes is in the direct ratio of the height of the
water column in such tubes and the perpendicularity of its fall; but that exhaust
power also depends for its efficiency in the proportion of water in the tube to the
full bore capacity of such tube at the same measurement of perpendicular, or part
perpendicular height. The exhaust power of water flowing through tubes
increases directly with the length and perpendicular height of the tube and is
inversely as the size of the tube through which flows any given quantity of water.
i.e. small tubes will give for equal height with a given quantity of water better
results than tubes of larger size. It follows that when speed and increased power
are required it is best gained not by increasing the size of tubing, but increasing
the number of small tubes used in an exhaust apparatus."
My present invention relates to an apparatus by which the efficiency of large
tubes as exhaust motors is greatly increased. This application consists in the
placing of diaphragms in the exhaust tubes at such a distance from one another
that their surfaces do not touch. Such diaphragms are perforated with small holes
as numerous as the area of the diaphragms will permit of. As in the case of small
tubes described in my Patent Specification No. 13018, the charge of water supplied
to these large tubes fitted with diaphragms is less than a full bore capacity of the
tube and the exhaust power of the tube so charged part bore, and fitted with
diaphragms as described, in the inverse proportion of its charge i.e. the less
water supplied the more complete the exhaust power of the tube, until a point is
reached at which the charge is so small that it fails in its descent to fill the tube
from side to side. It is an integral part of the action of large tubes as exhaust
motors that the mixed air and water column in its descent should fill the calibre
of the tube, so that in its descent the air and water column touches the sides of
the tube.
Such tubes may be combined to form an exhaust battery, in which case care
must be taken that the tubes are fully charged before they are allowed to exercise
their exhaust action on the chamber or other space to be exhausted. This end is
best accomplished by means of a tap or other opening in the connection between
the exhaust battery and the chamber or space to be exhausted, or by a tube or
other opening in the chamber to be exhausted itself, which can be closed
automatically or otherwise when the tubes forming the battery are fully charged.
To sum up-according to my invention the conditions for the better utilization
of large tubes as water exhaust motors are as follows:-
I. The charge of water less than the full-bore capacity of the tube.
II. The fitting of the tube with one or more diaphragms pierced with numerous

page_text: small holes (say holes of from 1 to 16 in diameter) so closely approximated to
each other that the adjacent jets of water passing through them can engage air so
to speak by their commingling.
.
III. The position of the diaphragms must be such that their surfaces do not
touch, and they must be so placed that the mixed air and water column falling
through them and down the tube is in contact with the interior surface of the tube
throughout its length.
IV. Combined in a battery, the tubes connecting the exhaust tubes with the
object of exhaust must be fitted with a tap or other apparatus by which the
atmosphere is admitted until all the tubes forming the battery have received their
charge of water.
Dated this Eighteenth day of October 1893.
STRETHILL HARRY WRIGHT.
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Exhausting, and Apparatus Employed
therefor.
I, STRETHILL HARRY WRIGHT of Ganarew Manor House, in the County of
Hereford, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In my Provisional Specification of Letters Patent of date A.D. 1885,
29th October, No. 13018, I state "The improved method of exhausting according
to this invention consists in exhausting air, or other gases, by means of a volume
of fluid flowing part bore through a pipe or pipes which may be in connection with
any receptacle or chamber or chambers, or other object of exhaust for any desired
purposes.
The discovery and utilization of the fact that the maximum exhaust power
possessed by water flowing through tubes is in the direct ratio of the height of the
water column in such tubes and the perpendicularity of its fall: but that exhaust
power also depends for its efficiency on the proportion of water in the tube to the
full-bore capacity of such tube at the same measurement of perpendicular, or part
perpendicular height. The exhaust power of water flowing through tubes increases
directly with the length and perpendicular height of the tube, and is inversely to
the size of the tube through which flows any given quantity of water; i.e. small
tubes will give for equal height with a given quantity of water better results than
tubes of larger size. It follows that when speed and increased power are required,
it is best gained not by increasing the size of tubing, but increasing the number of
small tubes used in an exhaust apparatus.'
"
My present invention relates to the mode or method of moving air or gases above
described, and has for its object to provide apparatus wherein large tubes are
employed, and in and by which their efficiency, as motors, is heightened.
According to my present invention, water is caused to fall through a tube or
tubes in a plurality of small streams closely together, such water being distributed.
The distribution is best and most simply effected by the placing of a diaphragm or
diaphragms in the tubes at such a distance from one another that their surfaces do
not touch, such diaphragms being perforated with small holes. As in the case of
small tubes described in my Patent Specification No. 13018 of 1885, the
charge of water supplied to these large tubes, fitted with diaphragms, is less than a
full bore capacity of the tube; and the exhaust or air moving power of the tube so
charged part-bore and fitted with diaphragms, as described, is in the inverse
proportion of its charge; i.e. the less water supplied the more complete the motor
or exhaust power of the tube until a point is reached at which the charge of water

page_text: with the air engaged by it is so small that it fails in its descent to fill the tube
from side to side. It is an integral part of the action of large tubes as air motors
that the mixed air and water column in its descent should fill the calibre of the
tube, so that in its descent the air and water column touches the sides of the tube.
I mean that the mixed air in the water column is within such a distance from the
side of the tube, that the air carried down by the column cannot escape backwards
and upwards.
Such tubes may, in some cases, be combined to form an exhaust battery, in
which case care must be taken that the tubes are fully charged, i.e. all the
tubes comprising the battery have respectively received their proper charges,
before they are allowed to exercise their exhaust action on the chamber or
other space to be exhausted. This end is best accomplished by means of a tap
or other opening in the connection between the exhaust battery and the chamber
or space to be exhausted, or by a tube or other opening in the chamber to be
exhausted itself, which can be closed automatically, or otherwise, when the tubes
forming the battery are fully charged.
The drawings hereto annexed illustrate the construction of the part bore
charged apparatus above described, Figure 1 being a sectional elevation, and
Figure 2 a sectional plan of same shewing a perforated diaphragm.
Referring to the drawings, a represents a tubular conduit, and 6 perforated
diaphragms therein, c and d are respectively the air and water connections or
conduits, through which the introduction of air and water into the upper chamber e
at the top of the tube a is effected. The water pipe d should be provided with a
valve or tap by which the quantity of water delivered to the apparatus is regulated
to that required to produce the action herein described.
In action the water is distributed or divided at the top of the tube a by the
diaphragms b into a plurality of streams, and then falls in this divided form through
a tubular portion-say about 12 inches-of the conduit a onto a further set of
diaphragms b (a set, in the example given, consisting of four) whereby it is
distributed and divided; and so, falling through other portions of the tube a down
to lower diaphragms, and being redistributed by them, the action is carried on
throughout the whole length of tube or apparatus.
The figures 1 and 2 given in the drawings are full size and represent to such
scale the distances apart of the diaphragms or distributing means or devices and
construction of diaphragms. However, as regards the diaphragms themselves, and
number used, and when a plurality are used, the distance apart between them, for
the clear fall of liquid and air, these are not restricted to those given in the
drawings, but from the constructions of apparatus given, very good results may be
obtained when the invention is applied to the exhaustion of air or gases from a
chamber or space, the water and air being freed at the lower end of the tube..
The sizes of tubes to which the invention may be applied, and from which
results having a high efficiency have been obtained, are those having a diameter
up to three or four inches. The tests that I have made shew the invention to be
both practicable and efficient in its action when using tubes of this size.
The mode of moving air involved in this invention, and herein described, is
specified so far, as having reference only to moving air for the exhaustion of same
from or through a chamber or chambers; but it is equally applicable to the
moving of air or other gases for other purposes than creating a rarefaction or
exhaustion in a vessel or chamber connected with the tubes, namely, the air-say
outer atmospheric air (or other gas)-is exhausted or moved, and such air so
moved and delivered from the bottom of the tube with the water or gas, may be
used or conveyed to any point and for any purpose for which it may be desired;
the water being carried off or allowed to flow away at the bottom of the tube..
Thus the invention may be used or applied for the purposes of moving air, and
utilizing it in any desired or advantageous manner.
This invention may be applied with advantage to the creation of and continuous
maintenance of, useful degrees of vacuity.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim in respect of same is ;-
1. The herein described mode of exhausting or moving air (or other gases or
vapours), consisting in causing water-or other suitable liquid-to fall down a
tube or conduit in a plurality of streams, substantially as described, such tube or
conduit being charged by said liquid to less than its full bore capacity.
2. Apparatus for exhausting or moving air, comprising a tube or conduit, and
perforated diaphragms, by which water (or other suitable liquid) introduced into
Baid conduit is divided into numerous small streams, the liquid being so supplied as
to charge said conduit less than its full bore capacity; operating and constructed
as herein set forth, and as shewn in the drawings hereto annexed.
Dated this 12th day of July 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.