AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM AND OTHER VOLATILE OILS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Pebeyre, of No. 54, Rue du Four, Saint
Germain, Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM AND
OTHER VOLATILE OILS."
Sealed the 20th April 1866, and dated the 2nd November 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Pebeyre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd November 1865.
I, LOUIS PEBEYRE, of No. 54, Rue du Four, Saint Germain, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM AND OTHER
VOLATILE OILS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus for
burning petroleum and other volatile oils, such apparatus nearly resembling
the form of an ordinary lamp burner. The cap is formed of a space or
chamber communicating with the exterior air by two small holes made in
its upper part or in the side, and a third opening made in the lower
diaphragm puts this air chamber in communication with the oil reservoir,
so that the oil, by continually flowing or circulating in these compartments,
prevents the overheating of the apparatus and of the combustible matters,
and permits of employing petroleum and other volatile oils without danger

page_text: and with great advantage. This cap is traversed by two small tubes which
rise a little above and descend a little below the cap, serving to receive the
wicks, which are compressed in such manner as to allow the oil to rise in
sufficient quantity to keep up a regular and continuous combustion free
from smoke and producing a bright light. For ordinary use the lamp is
constructed of the form of a candle suitable for being placed in a chan-
delier or candlestick, but I do not confine myself thereto. The cap may
replace the ordinary burners, and be adapted to various kinds of lamps.
I modify the lamps, which are subject to rapid oscillations or movements,
by replacing the ordinary gallery by one of metallic gauze, which, by
breaking the action of the wind, permits the employment of volatile oils,
such as petroleum. For preventing the effects of the shaking of the oil
in lamps, the tube serving for adapting the cap is elongated as far as the
socket, which, to increase the capacity of the chamber, is kept empty,
and in such manner that the wicks are immersed therein. The bottom of
the lamp should be kept slightly concave, to facilitate the complete descent
of the oil in the socket, which becomes the ordinary recipient or chamber.
When the socket is not used as a reservoir it is necessary to lower the
tube as near as possible to the bottom in such wise as not to prevent the
oil coming near the wicks. A small hole should be made at the upper
part of the receiver, which is closed by. a disk to cause air to enter and to
maintain it in equilibrium; this hole can at the same time serve for filling
the lamn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Louis Pebeyre in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st May 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE. PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS.
PEBEYRE, of No. 54, Rue du Four, Saint Germain, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant.
unto me, the said Louis Pebeyre, Her special licence that I, the said
Louis Pebeyre, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Louis Pebeyre, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM AND OTHER VOLATILE
Ons upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Louis
Pebeyre, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said. Louis Pebeyre, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus for
burning petroleum and other mineral oils in the open air and without a
chimney for lighting by means of one or more burners without smell or
smoke. The apparatus is constructed of metal, but may also be made of
china, glass, or other like material, and is applicable to ordinary lamps, but
more especially to carriage lamps, street lamps, lanterns, night lights, and
other similar uses.
To make my Invention better understood I will now proceed to describe
the same by the aid of the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1
shews the burning apparatus; A, A, represent the wicks, C, C, the tubes
containing the wicks, and made so as to supply to their orifices the quan-
tity of oil necessary for combustion; B, B, is a chamber in which air
circulates, is continually renewed, and serves to keep the tubes C, C, at a
moderate degree of heat and produce a constantly regular light; D, D, are
the openings for the admission of external air, serving to absorb the vapour
of the liquid passing out of the internal hole E from the receiver, and to
maintain the equilibrium of temperature at the degree necessary for
combustion. The apparatus represented in this Figure forms a cap provided
with two wicks, which is applicable to all kinds of recipients. Figure 2 repre-
sents the apparatus applied to a recipient, and specially applicable for car-
riages. D, D, is the main receiver of the liquid; E, E, is the direct receiver,
communicating with the main receiver D, D, at its lower extremity; H,

page_text: opening serving to reduce the heat in the main receiver D, D; F, F, open
space for isolating the receiver D from the receiver E: Figure 3 represents
a tube similar in form to a candle, to which the apparatus, Figure 1, is
adapted. Figure 4 represents an ordinary carriage lamp with the apparatus,
Figure 2, applied.
For the application of my system to carriage lamps it is necessary to
dispense with the ordinary openings placed underneath the cap for the
passage of air, and to replace them by wire gauze K, K, sufficiently fine to
break the currents of air.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the best manner
I am acquainted with of performing the same, I wish to observe that I do
not confine myself to the precise details of construction, as they may be
varied, provided the main features be substantially retained; but what I
claim is, the improvements herein-before described and represented in the
annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Pebeyre, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
H. A. DUFRENÉ,
L. TEDEIR
54, Rue du Four, St. Germain, Paris.
10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris.