Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of Crank Shafts.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 1st Sept., 1993-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1993
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of Crank Shafts.
We WALTER SOMERS, of Haywood Forge Halesowen, in the County of
Worcester Iron Master, and EDWARD GRATTON THOMAS of The Hill, Halesowen,
aforesaid, Manager of Works do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
Our invention consists in manufacturing the crank shafts of steam, gas and other
motive power engines and machinery generally by the process or combination of
processes and by the use of the tools hereinafter described.
Our invention has reference to such crank shafts as have double cranks, that is,
parallel branches or webs, the ends of the branches or webs most distant from the
shaft being connected together by the crank journal or pin on which the crank rod
works; and our said invention principally consists in making the said crank journal
or pin of the double crank.
We will describe our process of manufacture in conjunction with the tools which
we employ.
We take a heated block or piece of steel or wrought iron having a width about
equal to the length of the double crank to be made and by the operation of a series
of wedge shaped tools of progressively increasing size we partly separate the middle
portion of the block, from which the double crank and crank journal are to be
made, from the side parts of the block from which the shaft is to be made.
The nearly separated compressed parts on either side the middle or web part are
drawn down or elongated and made into the shaft in the ordinary way.
In making the crank journal or pin and the double crank we proceed as
follows:-
At about the middle of the web left between the side or shaft parts we pierce a
cross nearly rectangular opening of about the length of the crank journal or pin to
be made and at that edge of the web most distant from the shaft, we make a concave
or curved depression by the use of a loose tool acted upon by a hammer or press
the said depression having the same width as the rectangular piercing described.
The metal between the said piercing and the edge depression described is made
into the journal or pin of the crank by the operation of two pairs of tools. The
first pair of tools operates upon opposite sides of the metal to form the journal and
roughly shapes the journal; and the second pair of tools perfects the shape of the
journal. About one half of the second or finishing pair of tools, when closed, has
a figure proper to embrace and shape the part of the web adjacent to the shaft and
the other part of the closed tools has a figure corresponding to the finished journal
or pin. Projections or "nipples" on the half tools enter the piercing in the web
so that the said half tools are capable of approaching one another and of completely
encircling and shaping the journal between them and giving it a cylindrical figure.
The two pairs of tools are preferably loose tools and after they have been secured
in their proper places upon the crank web, they are closed and made to shape the
part of the heated web to be operated upon by the action of a hammer or stamp.
The shaping of the crank journal or pin by the two pairs of tools described is
effected at one heat.
The journal or pin of the crank having been thus made, the metal of the web
between the piercing, near the said journal, and the two opposite ends of the shaft
is cut away so as to form the parallel branches or webs of the double crank; and
the said crank and its shaft are finished in the ordinary manner.
Dated the 10th day of December 1892.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of Crank Shafts.
We WALTER SOMERS of Haywood Forge, Halesowen in the County of
Worcester Ironmaster and EDWARD GRATTON THOMAS of The Hill, Halesowen
aforesaid Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
Our invention consists in manufacturing the crank shafts of steam, gas and other
motive power engines and machinery generally by the process or combination of
.processes and by the use of the tools hereinafter described.
-
Our invention has reference to such crank shafts as have parallel branches .or
webs, the ends of the branches or webs most distant from the shaft being connected
together by the crank journal or pin on which the crank rod works; and our said
invention principally consists in making the said crank journal or pin of such crank
shafts.
We will describe our process of manufacture in conjunction with the tools which
we employ.
We take a heated block or piece of steel or wrought iron having a width about
equal to the length of the crank throw to be made and by the operation of a series
of wedge shaped tools of progressively increasing size we partly separate the middle
portion of the block from which the crank and crank journal are to be made; from
the side parts of the block from which the shaft is to be made. The nearly
separated compressed parts on either side the middle or web part, are drawn down
or elongated and made into the shaft of the crank in the ordinary way.
In making the crank journal or pin of the crank we proceed as follows ;-
At about the middle of the web left between the side or shaft parts, we pierce a
cross nearly rectangular opening of about the length of the crank journal or pin to
be made and at that edge of the web most distant from the shaft we make a. concave
or curved depression by the use of a loose tool acted upon by a hammer or press,
the said depression having the same width as the rectangular piercing described.
The metal between the said piercing and the edge depression described is made
into the journal or pin of the crank by the operation of two pairs of tools. The
first pair of tools operates upon opposite sides of the metal to form the journal and
roughly shapes the journal and the second pair of tools perfects the shape of the
journal. About one half of the second or finishing pair of tools, when closed, has
a figure proper to embrace and shape the part of the web adjacent to the shaft and
the other part of the closed tools has a figure corresponding to the finished journal
or pin. Projections or nipples on the half tools may enter the piercing in the web
so that the said half tools are capable of approaching one another and shaping the
journal between them and giving it a cylindrical figure. The two pairs of tools
are preferably loose tools and after they have been secured in their proper places
upon the crank web they are closed and made to shape the part of the heated web
to be operated upon by the action of a hammer or stamp or press. The shaping of
the crank journal or pin by the two pairs of tools described is effected at one heat."
The journal or pin of the crank having been thus made, the metal of the web
between the piercing and the opposite ends of the shaft are made into the parallel
branches or webs of the crank and the said crank and its shaft are finished in the
ordinary manner.
"
We will now describe with reference to the accompanying drawing, the manner of
carrying our invention into effect. We take a heated block or piece of steel or wrought
iron of the kind represented in side and end elevation in Figure 1, the said block having
a width about equal to the length of the crank throw to be made, and by the operation
of the series of wedge shaped tools of progressively increasing size, represented in
Figure 2, worked in a hammer or stamp or press we partly separate the middle
portion of the block Figure 1, from which the crank and crank pin or journal are
..
1

page_text: to be made, from the side parts of the block from which the shaft of the crank is
to be made. The heated block after the treatment last described is represented in
Figure 3 the partly separated side parts being marked a, a and the middle or wel
part being marked b. At the middle of the edge of the web part 6 of the block
we make by means of a tool the depression c which may either be flat or curved.
The partly made crank Figure 3 is next operated upon in the manner represented
in side elevation in Figure 4 to form the shaft and crank and crank journal or pin.
That is to say, the nearly separated side pieces a, a are drawn down and elongated
into the partly made shaft a², a2 and the crank and crank journal or pin are made
from the middle or web part 6 in the following manner. At about the middle of
the web band of the same length as the edge depression c in the said web, we make
or pierce a cross rectangular opening d by means of the loose tool marked e
Figure 4, acted upon by a hammer, stamp or press. The cross opening or
piercing d and edge depression c have about the same length as the crank
journal or pin to be made.
C
in
After the cross opening or piercing & has been made the heated metal, between
the said opening d and edge depression c, is operated upon by means of the loose
tools represented at ƒ and g Figure 4, the acting faces of the said loose tools being
curved and of such figure as will shape the heated metal between the opening d
and edge depression into the roughly fashioned. journal or pin marked
Figure 4. The loose tool is passed into the slot d and the other loose tool is
engaged with the edge depression c the curved faces of the said tools being made to
nearly embrace the web part between the slot d and depression c. By the use of
the loose tools f and g Figure 4, arranged at the proper places about the web to be
operated upon, and acted upon by a hammer or stamp or press, the roughly formed
pin or journal is fashioned. After the parts a², a² of the shaft have been further
drawn down and a cylindrical figure given to them, the crank and crank journal
or pin are finished in a pair of side tools of the kind represented in Figure 8
and the crank shaft is complete.
A finished crank shaft made according to our invention is represented in side
elevation in Figure 5; cross section (taken through the line, a Figure 5) in
Figure 6; and end elevation in Figure 7. In the finished crank shaft represented
in Figures 5, 6 and 7 the crank journal or pin is marked h, the parallel branches
forming the crank, on either side the said journal or pin, are marked i, i, and the
shaft parts are marked a³, a³. It will be seen that one half m, m of the finishing
pair of tools Figure 8, when closed, has a figure proper to embrace and shape the
part of the web adjacent to the shaft a³, a³ and the other half 1, 1 of the closed
tools has a figure corresponding to the finished crank journal or pin h.
When extreme finish and accuracy of form are required in the crank and crank
journal or pin the finishing operation may be effected by the use of the pair of side
loose tools represented in end elevation in Figure 9; plan of one of the tools in
Figure 10 and cross sections in Figures 11 and 12, the section Figure 11 being
taken on the line p, p Figure 10 and the section Figure 12 being taken on the
line q, Figure 10. These tools when closed have an internal figure corresponding
with the finished external figure of the crank and crank journal or pin and are
provided with openings at r, through which the shaft parts a³, a³ pass, so that by
the operation of the said tools the figure of the crank journal or pin h is perfectel
as well as the side branches or webs i, i and the portion, adjacent to the shaft
parts a³, a3 as will be understood by an examination of the drawing.
When the pair of tools Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12 are used, the pair of finishing
tools Figure 8 need not be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we
claim as our invention of "Improvements in and tools for the manufacture of crank
shafts";-
Manufacturing such crank shafts as have parallel branches or webs and a crank

page_text: journal or pin between them, by the process or combination of processes and by the
use of the tools hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing;
that is to say, making the crank journal or pin and parallel branches of the crank
by first nearly separating the side parts of a heated block of steel or wrought iron
from the middle part so as to leave a connected web and afterwards operating in
the manner described and by the use of the tools described and represented upon
the said middle connected web so as to form therefrom the crank journal or pin
aud parallel branches of the crank, the shaft parts of the crank being made by a
drawing down and elongating operation from the nearly separated side parts of the
heated block substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated the Thirtieth day of August 1893.
WALTER SOMERS.
EDWARD GRATTON THOMAS.