IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE AND HAND-MADE PLAIN, FIGURED, AND FANCY SILK; WOOLLEN, WORSTED, AND COTTON HOSIERY; NETTING, BOBBIN LACE, SILK EDGINGS, FRINGE, ELASTIC, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of Pontefract Villa, Highgate, London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE
AND HAND-MADE PLAIN, FIGURED, AND FANCY SILK; WOOLLEN, WORSTED,
AND COTTON HOSIERY; NETTING, BOBBIN LACE, SILK EDGINGS, FRINGE,
ELASTIC, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 1st September 1877, and dated the 12th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1877.
GEORGE RYDILL, of Pontefract Villá, Highgate, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE AND HAND-MADE PLAIN, FIGURED, AND FANCY
SILK; WOOLLEN, WORSTED, AND COTTON HOSIERY; NETTING; BOBBIN LACE, SILK
EDGINGS, FRINGE, ELASTIC, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS."
This Invention consists in the manufacture of machine and hand-made plain,
figured, dyed, or printed fancy silk hosiery, such as silk stockings, socks, pantaloons,
drawers, comforters, gloves, mitts, shirts, waistcoat pieces, jackets, caps, leggings,
braces, braid, webs, embroidered goods, petticoats, laces, belts, scarfs, cloth, shawls,
and other articles or garments made on the hosiery or stocking frame or circular
machine; and the manufacture of plain, figured, fancy, dyed, or printed silk netting,
bobbin lace, curtains, edgings, cloth embroidered goods, shawls, dress pieces, carpets,
damask, counterpanes, fringe, elastic falls, and other silk fabrics or material pro-
duced on the lace machine; and in the manufacture of silk braid and material from
utilized pulled-up silk and satin rags, ribbons, and other woven and knitted silk
fabrics; extracted waste silk or extracted silk rags which contained a vegetable
warp, weft, cotton or linen threads, being freed from vegetable substances, are pulled
up by a rag machine, cotton waste, or Garnet machine into a silk down or wool, for
carding, condensing, spinning, combing, producing, and treating yarns, warp, or
weft, for re-manufacture into silk garments, fabrics, or material worked on the
hosiery stocking frame, circular, or lace machine.
The figures and designs in cotton lace I also work up in silk with the lace machine,
with silk warps or wefts to produce an elegant and cheerful effect.
, 13....
The manufacture of machine and hand-made plain, 'figured,' fancy, dyed, and

page_text: 1
printed hosiery, composed of silk, yarn, or threads from pulled-up silk rags into a
down or wool, or extracted silk waste, or pulled-up silk rag, down, or wool, may be
mixed, blended, or united with wool, woollen worsted, cotton, linen, and spun into
yarns and threads, or the rag silk down, yarns, or threads may be twisted or united
with wool; woollen worsted, cotton, linen, or other vegetable yarn threads. Or the
silk rag, down, wool, or extracted waste silk may be blended or united with extract
wool, produced from rags, Scotch and other woollen waste, alpacca, mohair, camels'
hair, rabbit or hare down or wool, French merino, shoddy, mungo, hosiery woollen
or cotton waste or material spun into a yarn or thread, or the same may be twisted
or united with yarn or thread produced from rag silk down or wool in the pro-
duction of hosiery and other textile fabrics, machine and hand-made, which yarns
or threads are ornamented or figured, according to taste or design, in the ordinary
course of dyeing, printing, twisting, knitting, looping, and weaving, to produce
various patterns and designs.
These goods, fabrics, or material are ornamented or figured according to taste or
design in the course of manufacture on the hosiery frame, circular or lace machine,
by dyeing, printing, knitting, or weaving with dyed or printed yarn, yarns, warp,
warps, bobbin weft or wefts of coloured silk rag yarns or extract waste silk. Or
the warp or warps in the lace machine may be composed of wool, woollen worsted,
extract wool, alpacca, mohair, camels' hair, cotton, or linen, which may be dyed or
printed, according to taste or design; and the bobbin weft is of silk produced from
rag silk, or extract silk waste, or silk bobbin weft is dyed or printed to produce a.
design or ornament the fabric. Or the spun warp or warps are composed and spun
from pulled-up silk rag down or wool, or extract silk waste dyed or printed,
according to taste or design; and the bobbin weft or wefts are composed of spun
wool, woollen worsted, extract wool, alpacca, mohair, camels' hair, rabbit or hare
down, cotton, or linen, which may be worked up in white, dyed, or printed,
according to requirements, as well as the manufacture of silk elastic from rag silk,
down or wool, woven as at present.
In many cases where the silk rags are sorted into colours, yarns of good colour
may be produced without re-dyeing.
To obtain silk down or wool quickly from large quantities of silk rags at little
cost, the silk rags and waste are first cleansed by washing with water or alkali to
remove foreign matter, then treated with sulphuric, muriatic, or hydrochloric acid
and ammonia, or to the action of chlorides of the metals, or sulphates of the oxides
of the metals, chloride of aluminium, or sulphate of alumina, and chloride of
sodium, at a strength sufficient to remove vegetable substances from the silk, and
preserve the colour and staple of the fabric when dryed and exposed to heat in a
drying room or by mechanical means; or the vegetable substances are removed by
exposing the silk rag material on perforated flooring, and exposed to the chemical
action of heated gases or vapours to remove vegetable substances.
t
As many of the silk rags contain a cotton warp or weft, the removal of the vege-
table substances as described by means of heat at a temperature sufficient to remove
or destroy the vegetable substances in the silk enables a beautiful silk waste or
wool to be produced, after which the chemicals are removed from the silk rags or
waste by washing with water, ammonia, potash, lime water, caustic soda, soap, or
other alkali.
The extracting of vegetable substances from silk rags is fully described in two of
my patented Inventions for cleansing and extracting cotton and vegetable sub-
stances from silk or silk rags of March 4th 1876, No. 944 and 945, and another
Patent dated December 11th 1876, No. 4785.
The silk rags, ribbons, silk lace, waste and satin rags, after being cleansed with
water or alkali and freed from cotton, vegetable substances, and foreign matter, are
sorted into colours, classed, and pulled up into silk down or wool, or satin down or
wool, which I card, condense, and spin into a silk or satin yarn, warp, or weft, or I
card or comb the pulled-up silk or satin rags, waste, down, or wool, and spin the
same into a yarn thread, warp, or weft, for the manufacture of hosiery, machine or

page_text: hand-made, and for the manufacture of lace edgings, fringe, falls, flounces, shawls,
machine or hand-made, manufactured or worked up on the hosiery stocking frame,
circular or lace machine, which yarn thread, warp, weft, or yarns are dyed or
printed into various shades, as required, previous to being worked up into textile
fabrics, or the fabrics produced from those silk yarns or threads are dyed or printed
in the manufactured state. Or the silk rags are sorted into colours, and classed
uncleansed; and the cotton and vegetable substances from silk rags are seamed by
hand, that is, cutting off the seams which contain cotton or vegetable threads with
shears, and then cleansed by washing with water or alkali. The silk rags may be
dyed and pulled up into a silk down or wool to be carded, combed, condensed, and
spun into yarns, warp, or weft, to be worked up on the hosiery frame, circular or
lace machine, or worked up by hand into textile fabrics.
The silk short noil separated by the combing machine I use for re-manufacture, or
for wadding, stuffing, and other purposes.
For some purposes the silk rags are cleansed and pulled up into a silk down or
wool without the cotton threads and vegetable substances being removed, then
carded, condensed, and spun into yarns, threads, warp, or weft, for the manufacture
of a common class of yarns and fabrics, as herein described. The vegetablo sub-
stances are cotton dyed before or after they are worked up into fabrics on the
hosiery frame, circular or lace machine.
If the pulled-up silk rag down or wool is not so long in staple when spun into
yarns, and to give these yarns strength, I allow a thread of combed spun silk, silk
waste or noil to become twisted with each yarn in the spinning frame.
I also card, comb, or condense and spin into yarns the pulled-up rag silk waste,
down, or wool, and combine a small combed spun dyed yarn of wool, alpacca,
mohair, camels' hair, extract wool or woollen waste with the silk yarn in the
spinning frame, so as to give strength and improve the appearance of the yarn or
cotton, linen or other vegetable thread may be twisted with the silk yarn, of the
same colour, or they may vary in colour in order to produce fabrics of pleasing
effect on the working up of the yarns, warp, or weft, in the hosiery frame, circular
or lace machine.
The silk down or wool from silk rags, ribbons, or extracted waste silk yarns are
produced at a most reasonable price, and light warm fabrics for women and men's
wear are woven or worked up on the hosiery frame, circular or lace machine, which
will cause silk fabrics to be sold at a price within the reach of all classes, rendering
useful the silk and satin fabrics once so costly.
These silk fabrics, when old or in clippings, and reduced to the rag state, are
to-day almost a worthless refuse, and thousands of tous are allowed to decay and
sold for manure. The object of this Invention is to utilize the same.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th November
1877.
GEORGE RYDILL, of Pontefract Villa, Highgate, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MACHINE AND HAND-MADE PLAIN, FIGURED, AND FANCY
SILK; WOOLLEN, WORSTED, AND COTTON HOSIERY; NETTING, BOBBIN LACE, SILK
EDGINGS, FRINGE, ELASTIC, AND OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS."
This Invention consists in the manufacture of machine and hand-made plain,
figured, dyed, or printed fancy silk hosiery, such as silk stockings, socks, pantaloons,
drawers, comforters, gloves, mitts, shirts, waistcoat pieces, jackets, caps, leggings,
braces, braid, webs, embroidered goods, petticoats, laces, belts, scarfs, cloth, shawls,
and other articles or garments made on the hosiery stocking frame or circular
machine; and the manufacture of plain, figured, fancy, dyed, or printed silk, netting,

page_text: bobbin lace, curtains, edgings, cloth, embroidered goods, shawls, dress pieces, carpets,
damask, counterpanes, fringe, elastic, falls, and other silk fabrics or material produced
on the lace machine; and in the manufacture of silk braid and material from utilized
pulled-up silk and satin rags, ribbons, and other woven and knitted silk fabrics,
extracted waste silk or extracted silk rags, which contained a vegetable warp, weft,
cotton or linen threads, being freed from vegetable substances, are pulled up by a
rag machine, cotton waste or Garnet machine, into a silk down or wool, for carding,
condensing, spinning, combing, producing, and treating yarns, warp, or weft, for
re-manufacture into silk garments, fabrics, or material worked on the hosiery
stocking frame, circular or lace machine.
The figures and designs in cotton lace I also work up in silk with the lace
machine with silk, warps or wefts, to produce an elegant and cheerful effect.
The manufacture of machine and hand-made plain, figured, fancy, dyed, and
printed hosiery, composed of silk yarn or threads from pulled-up silk rags into a
down or wool or extracted silk waste or pulled-up silk rag, down or wool may be
mixed, blended, or united with wool, woollen, worsted, cotton, linen, and spun into
yarns and threads, or the rag silk down, yarns, or threads may be twisted or united
with wool, woollen, worsted, cotton, linen, or other vegetable yarn threads; or the
silk rag, down, wool, or extracted waste silk may be blended or united with extract
wool produced from rags, Scotch and other woollen waste, alpacca, mohair, camels'
hair, rabbit or hare down or wool, French merino, shoddy, mungo, hosiery, woollen,
or cotton waste, or material spun into a yarn or thread; or the same may be twisted
or united with yarn or thread produced from rag silk, down, or wool in the produc-
tion of hosiery and other textile fabrics, machine and hand-made, which yarns or
threads are ornamented or figured according to taste or design in the ordinary
course of dyeing, printing, twisting, knitting, looping, and weaving to produce
various patterns and designs.
These goods, fabrics, or materials are ornamented or figured according to taste or
design in the course of manufacture on the hosiery frame, circular or lace machine,
by dyeing, printing, knitting, or weaving with dyed or printed yarn, yarns, warp,
warps, bobbin weft or wefts, of coloured silk rag yarns or extract waste silk; or
the warp or warps in the lace machine may be composed of wool, woollen, worsted,
extract wool, alpacca, mohair, camels' hair, cotton, or linen, which may be dyed or.
printed according to taste or design, and the bobbin weft is of silk produced from
rag silk or extract silk waste; or silk hobbin weft is dyed or printed to produce a
design or ornament the fabric; or the spun warp or warps are composed and spun
from pulled up silk rag, down, or wool, or extract silk waste, dyed or printed
according to taste or design, and the bobbin weft or wefts are composed of spun
wool, woollen, worsted, extract wool, alpacca, mohair, camels' hair, rabbit or hare
down, cotton, or linen, which may be worked up in white, dyed or printed according
to requirements, as well as the manufacture of silk elastic from rag silk, down, or
wool, woven as at present.
In many cases where the silk rags are sorted into colours, yarns of good colour
may be produced without re-dyeing.
To obtain silk down or wool quickly from large quantities of silk rags at little
cost, the silk rags and waste are first cleansed by washing with water or alkali to
remove foreign matter, then treated with sulphuric, muriatic, or hydrochloric acid
and ammonia, or to the action of chlorides of the metals or sulphates of the oxides
of the metals, chloride of aluminium or sulphate of alumina, and chloride of sodium
at a strength sufficient to remove vegetable substances from the silk and preserve
the colour and staple of the fabric when dryed and exposed to heat in a drying
room or by mechanical means; or the vegetable substances are removed by exposing
the silk rag material on perforated flooring, and exposed to the chemical action of
heated gases or vapours to remove vegetable substances.
As many of the silk rags contain a cotton warp or weft, the removal of the
vegetable substances, as described, by means of heat at a temperature sufficient to
remove or destroy the vegetable substances in the silk, enables a beautiful silk

page_text: waste or wool to be produced; after which the chemicals are removed from the silk
rags or waste by washing with water, ammonia, potash, lime water, caustic soda,
soap, or other alkali.
The extracting of vegetable substances from silk rags is fully described in two of
my patented Inventions for cleansing and extracting cotton and vegetable substances
from silk or silk rags, of March 4th 1876, No. 944 and No. 945, and another Patent,
dated December. 11th 1876, No. 4785.
The silk rags, ribbons, silk lace, waste, and satin rags, after being cleansed with
water or alkali, and freed from cotton, vegetable substances, and foreign matter, are
sorted into colours, classed, and pulled up into silk down or wool, or satin down or
wool, which I card, condense, and spin into a silk or satin yarn, warp, or weft; or I
card or comb the pulled-up silk or satin rags, waste, down, or wool, and spin the
same into a yarn, thread, warp, or weft, for the manufacture of hosiery, machine or
hand-made, and for the manufacture of lace edgings, fringe, falls, flounces, shawls,
machine or hand-made, manufactured or worked up on the hosiery stocking frame,
circular or lace machine, which silk yarn, thread, warp, weft, or yarns are dyed or
printed into various shades, as required, previous to being worked up into textile
fabrics; or the fabrics produced from those silk yarns or threads are dyed or printed
in the manufactured state; or the silk rags are sorted into colours and classed
uncleansed, and the cotton and vegetable substances from silk rags are seamed by
hand, that is, cutting off the seams which contain cotton or vegetable threads with
shears, and then cleansed by washing with water or alkali. The silk rags may be
dyed and pulled up into a silk down or wool, to be carded, combed, condensed, and
spun into yarns, warp, or weft, to be worked up on the hosiery frame, circular or
lace machine, or worked up by hand into textile fabrics.
.
The silk short noil separated by the combing machine I use for re-manufacture or
for wadding, stuffing, and other purposes.
F
For some purposes the silk rags are cleansed and pulled up into a silk down or
wool without the cotton threads and vegetable substances being removed, then
carded, condensed, and spun into yarns, threads, warp, or weft, for the manufacture
of a common class of yarns and fabrics, as herein described. The vegetable substances
are cotton-dyed before or after they are worked up into fabrics on the hosiery frame,
circular or lace machine.
If the pulled-up silk, rag, down, or wool is not long in staple when spun into
yarns, and to give these yarns strength, I allow a thread of combed spun silk, silk
waste, or noil to become twisted with each yarn in the spinning frame.
I also card, comb, or condense and spin into yarns, the pulled-up rag, silk, waste,
down, or wool, and combine a small combed, spun, dyed yarn of wool, alpacca,
mohair, camels' hair, extract wool, or woollen waste with the silk yarn in the
spinning frame, so as to give strength and improve the appearance of the yarn; or
cotton, linen, or other vegetable thread may be twisted with the silk yarn, of the
same colour, or they may vary in colour, in order to produce fabrics of pleasing
effect in the working up of the yarns, warp, or weft, in the hosiery frame, circular
or lace machine.
The silk down or wool from silk rags, ribbons, or extracted waste silk yarns, are
produced at a most reasonable price, and light, warm fabrics for women and men's
wear are woven or worked up on the hosiery frame, circular or lace machine, which
will cause silk fabrics to be sold at a price within the reach of all classes, rendering
useful the silk and satin fabrics once so costly.
These silk fabrics when old, or in clippings, and reduced to the rag state, are to-
day almost a worthless refuse, and thousands of tons are allowed to decay, and are
sold for manure. The object of this Invention is to utilize the same.
Having described my Invention and the manner in which the same is to be or
may be performed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein-before described, as they may be
varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention, neither do I claim

page_text: any of the machinery herein-before described for pulling up silk rags and extract
waste silk, but what I claim as my said Invention is,―
Firstly. The right of rendering useful silk extract, extract silk and satin rags,
ribbons, down, or wool, for yarns and fabrics in the manufacture of machine and
hand-made plain, figured, dyed, or printed fancy silk hosiery, such as silk stockings,
socks, pantaloons, drawers, comforters, gloves, mitts, shirts, waistcoat pieces, jackets,
caps, leggings, braces, braids, webs, embroidered goods, petticoats, laces, belts, scarfs,
cloth, shawls, and other articles or garments made from utilized pulled-up silk or
satin rags, ribbons, and other woven or knitted silk fabrics into a silk down or wool,
and spin the same into a yarn or thread for manufacturing or producing silk fabrics
on the hosiery stocking frame or circular machine, as herein-before described.
Secondly. The manufacture of plain, figured, fancy, dyed, or printed silk netting,
bobbin lace, curtains, edgings, cloth, embroidered goods, shawls, dress pieces, carpets,
damasks, counterpanes, fringe, elastic, falls, and other silk fabrics or material pro-
duced on the lace machine, and in the manufacture of silk braids and material from
utilized pulled-up silk and satin rags, ribbons, and other woven and knitted silk
fabrics, extracted waste silk, or extracted silk rags, which contained a vegetable
warp or weft, cotton or linen threads, being freed from vegetable substances and
pulled up into a down or wool for carding, spinning, combing, producing, and treating
yarns, warp, or weft for re-manufacture into silk garments, fabrics, or material
worked on the lace machine, hosiery stocking frame, or circular machine, as herein-
before described.
Thirdly. The manufacture of fabrics or materials ornamented or figured according
to taste or design, in the course of manufacture on the hosiery frame, circular or
lace machine, by dycing, printing, knitting, or weaving with dyed or printed yarn
or yarns, warp, warps, bobbin weft or wefts of plain, coloured, or twisted silk rag,
yarns, or extracted waste silk, as herein-before described.
Fourthly. Or the warp or warps in the lace machine may be composed of wool,
woollen, worsted, extract wool, alpacca, mohair, camels' hair, animal fibres, cotton,
or linen, which may be died or printed according to taste or design, and the bobbin
weft is of silk, produced from woven or knitted silk fabrics, or extracted silk waste
pulled up into a silk down or wool; or the same may be mixed, blended, or united
with animal or vegetable fibres or material, or twisted with a thread of raw silk,
animal or vegetable yarns or threads, as herein-before described.
Fifthly. Dyeing, printing, or finishing the extract or rag silk down or wool yarns,
before or after manufacture.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
ADATAD
GEORGE RYDILL. (L.S.)