Improvements in Oil Stoves and Lamps.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan.. 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 12th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil Stoves and Lamps.
I, WILLIAM WASHington BatcheldER, of 1267, Broadway, in the City, County,
and State of New York, United States of America, Inventor, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in oil stoves and lamps, and has for
its principal object to provide a burner capable of producing the largest possible
surface of flame by causing the said flame to burn in a zig-zag, fluted, or ruffle shape,
thereby obtaining a flame surface greatly in excess of the area which the width
of the wick would otherwise afford and a maximum amount of light and heat from a
minimum quantity of oil. A further object of the invention is to provide means for
preventing the flame from increasing or creeping higher and smoking after the lamp
has been well heated, and preventing the charring of the wick if the oil becomes
exhausted; also to lessen the liability of heating the oil fount, all of which objection-
able features are completely, or to a great extent, remedied by the use of a heat-
conducting or radiating plate in connection with the wick tube.
The wick tube of the oil fountain or reservoir is provided with the usual wick
spindles and between the casing for the spindles and the ratchet wheels carried by
the latter and the upper end of the wick tube, there is a heat-conducting or radiating
slotted plate rigidly secured to the said tube by soldering the walls of the slot to
the tube or connected with the wick tube by any other permanent metallic union
that will constitute a good heat-conducting connection with the wick tube. When
this metallic union of the radiator and the wick tube is effected, the heat drawn
or conducted from the wick tube by the heat conducting and radiating plate or plates
(as a number of the plates may be used one above the other with an air space
between) is radiated by the said plate, carried upward and utilised, and the wick tubo
and plate are cooled by the ascending current of air which feeds the flame, thereby
preventing the wick tube from attaining a high degree of temperature with its
attendant detrimental and extremely objectionable effects or results.
The heat conducting plate is preferably made of about No. 19 metal gauge
in thickness, or a number of thin sheets may be united to form essentially that
thickness and weight of metal. The plate is preferably perforated, but it may be
made solid if a sufficient space is provided for the circulation of air over or around
it. The plate is of sufficient width and length to extend horizontally beyond the
sides and ends of the wick tube.
A perforated casing open at the bottom and ends and provided with the usual
central slot in the back, is slid over the upper end of the wick tube to a contact with
the oil fount and between the conducting plate which is within the casing and the
top and sides of the latter a space is made to intervene for purposes of ventilation.
To one side of the casing, the burner cap is hinged, being horizontally held upon the
casing by a catch attached to the other side of the said casing or otherwise secured.
The burner cap is provided with a longitudinal serpentine flame and air passage or
opening, having preferably straight and angular sides, and the width of the angular
or diagonal portions of the slot or opening at each side of the central diagonal portion
is increased in the ratio of 32nd of an inch.
While I prefer the width of the diagonal portions of the slot or flame and air
passage or opening to be graduated as above set forth I desire it to be understood
that the proportions may be varied or the diagonal portions of the slot may be made
the same width throughout its length, the latter plan, however, is very undesirable as
the flame will not present a straight flat top which is obtained when the preferred
construction is employed.

page_text: The walls at the extremities of the flame and air passage or opening are pre-
ferably curved. The under face of the cap is concaved and the ends of the
diagonal tongues or deflecting points, which impart to the flame and air opening its
serpentine form and extend over and beyond the wick tube, are square. The square
ends of the tongues are immediately opposite the centre of the straight walls of the
flame and air passage or opening and from the centre of each straight section of
the wall a rectangular lip is projected in the direction of the centre of the cap, the
said lips being of equal width with the square ends of the tongues. The tongues are
not in the same plane with the opposed lips, the altitude of the former being greater
than that of the latter to ensure the greatest possible deflection of the flame, and, to
cause the flame to spread as much as possible, the lips project to prevent the deflected
points of the flame from streaming up and smoking and the space upon either
side of the said lips causes the flame to spread more and burn more even and level at
the top. By this formation of the flame passage or opening the flame is deflected in
opposite directions and its area greatly increased over the area which the width of the
wick would otherwise afford; thus a great increase of heat and light is obtained.
The lips may be omitted, if desired, as they are not absolutely essential in producing
the zig-zag contour of the flame.
It will be understood that, to produce the zig-zag flame, the ascending currents
of air at opposite sides of the flame passage or opening must impinge upon the flame
at an angle to each other or upon different radial lines, and, in order to accomplish
this result, the tongues at their inner ends or that portion projecting over the cap
opening are of greater altitude than the immediately opposite wall. The tongues
extend beyond a longitudinal central line drawn through the cap opening thereby
imparting to the flame passage or opening of the cap a positively zig-zag course. By
reason of the zig-zag course of the flame passage or opening, the rays of light and
heat are made to cross each other and upon the principle of a corrugated reflector,
the radiation of the light and heat is greatly increased over the possible capacity of a
straight or circular fame. The upper edge of the walls of the flame passage or
opening may be bevelled to facilitate the withdrawal of the cap from the sand, in
casting the same.
To obviate the loss of heat, and to utilize the same to the best advantage, the
chimney is surrounded by a jacket or casing secured thereto at the bottom the sides
of which jacket are preferably V-shaped or flared outwards.
The casing and chimney are each provided with a sheet of mica or other transparent
material, in order that the stove may emit light and to enable the flame to be seen
and its regulation facilitated.
Dated this 28th day of January 1800
W. W. BATCHELDER.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil Stoves and Lamps.
1, WILLIAM WASHINGTON BATCHELDER of 1267 Broadway, in the City County
and State of New York, United States of America, Inventor, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to an improvement in oil stoves and lamps and has for its
principal object to provide a burner capable of producing the largest possible surface
of flame by causing the said flame to burn in a zig-zag, fluted, or ruffle shape thereby
obtaining a flame surface greatly in excess of the area which the width of the wick
would otherwise afford and a maximum amount of light and heat from a minimum
quantity of oil. A further object of the invention is to provide a simple and effective
means for preventing the flame from increasing or creeping higher, and smoking
after the lamp has been well heated and preventing the charring of the wick if

page_text: he oil becomes exhausted; also to lessen the liability of heating the on fount,
which objectionable features are completely, or to a great extent, remedied by the
se of a heat conducting or radiating plate in connection with the wick tube, which
vill be hereinafter fully described.
The Invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several
arts as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
specification, in which figure 1 is a side elevation of an oil stove constructed in
accordance with my improvement, a portion of the body of the casing being broken
away. Figure 2 is a transverse section on line a-x, figure 1. Figure 3 is a plan
view. Figure 4 is an enlarged plan view of the burner or burner cap. Figure 5 is
a bottom plan of a portion of the burner cap, and figure 6 is a perspective view of a
portion of the burner and a portion of its casing, the chimney and jacket being
removed to better illustrate the zig-zag, fluted, or ruffle form of the flame. Similar
letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.
The wick tube 10 of the oil fountain or reservoir 11 is provided with the usual
wick spindles 12 and between the casing for the spindles and the ratchet wheels
carried by the latter and the upper and of the wick tube a heat-conducting or radiating
slotted plate 13 is rigidly secured to the said tube by soldering the walls of the slot to
the tube, or said conducting or radiating plate may be connected with the wick tube by
any other permanent metallic union known to the art that will constitute a good
heat conducting connection with the wick tube. When this acetallic union of the
radiator and the wick tube is effected, the heat drawn or conducted from the wick
tube by the heat-conducting and radiating plate or plates (as a number of the plates
may be used one above the other with an air spaco between) is radiated by the said
plate carried upward and utilized and the wick tube and plate are cooled by the
ascending current of air which feeds the flame, thereby preventing the wick tube
from attaining a high degree of temperature with its attendant detrimental and
extremely objectionable effects or results.
The plate 13 is preferably made of about No. 19 metal gauge in thickness, or a
number of thin sheets may be united to form essentially that thickness and weight of
metal. The plate 13 is preferably perforated, as heretofore stated, but it may be made
solid if a sufficient space is provided for the circulation of air over or around it. The
plate is of sufficient width and length to extend horizontally beyond the sides and
ends of the wick tube.
A perforated casing 14, open at the bottom and ends and provided with the usual
central slot in the back, is slid over the upper end of the wick tube to a contact with
the oil fount 11, as best shewn in figure 2, and between the conducting plate 13
which is within the casing and the top and sides of the latter a space 15 is made
to intervene for purposes of ventilation. To one side of the casing the burner cap
16 is hinged, being horizontally held upon the casing by a catch 17 attached to the
other side of the said casing; but I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not
confine myself to this mode of attachment.
The burner cap is provided with a longitudinal serpentine flame and air passage
or opening A having preferably straight and angular sides a and a', as shown in
figure 4, and the width of the angular or diagonal portions of the slot or opening at
each side of the central diagonal portion 18 is increased in the ratio of one-thirty-
second of an inch, thus the diagonal portions 19 are one-thirty-second of an inch
wider than the central portion 18 and the next diagonal portions 20 are one-sixteenth
wider than the central portion. While I prefer the width of the diagonal portions of
the slot or flame and air passage or opening to be graduated as above set forth, I
desire it to be understood that the proportions may be varied or the diagonal
portions
of the slot may be made the same width throughout its length, the latter plan
however, is very undesirable as the flame will not present a straight flat top which is
obtained when the preferred construction is employed. The walls at the extremities
of the flame and air passage or opening are preferably curved, as shewn at 21 in
figure 4.
The under face of the cap is concaved and the ends of the diagonal

page_text: tongues or deflecting points 22 which impart to the flame and air opening its serpentine
form and extend over and beyond the wick tube are square, as shewn at 23. The
square ends of the tongues are immediately opposite the centre of the straight walls a¹
of the flame and air passage or opening, as illustrated in figure 4, and from the
centre of each straight section of the wall a rectangular lip 24 is projected in the
direction of the centre of the cap, the said lips being of equal width with the square
ends of the tongues. The tongues 22 are not in the same plane with the opposed
lips 24, the altitude of the former being greater than that of the latter to ensure the
greatest possible deflection of the flame and to cause the flame to spread as much as
possible; the lips 24 project to prevent the deflected points of the flame from
streaming up and smoking and the space upon either side of the said lips causes the
flame to spread more and burn more even and level at the top. By this formation of
the flame passage or opening, the flame is deflected in opposite directions and its area
greatly increased over the area which the width of the wick would otherwise afford,
thus a great increase of heat and light is obtained. I desire it to be understood that
the lips 24 may be omitted, if desired, as they are not absolutely essential in producing
the zig-zag contour of the flame. It will be understood that, to produce the zig-zaj
flame, the ascending currents of air, at opposite sides of the flame passage or opening,
must impinge upon the flame at an angle to each other or upon different radial
lines and, in order to accomplish this result, the tongues 23 at their inner ends or
that portion projecting over the cap opening are of greater altitude than the imine-
diately opposito wall. It will also be noticed that the tongues extend beyond a
longitudinal central line drawn through the cap opening, thereby imparting to
the flame passage or opening of the cap a positively zig-zag course. By reason
of the zig-zag course of the flame passage or opening, the rays of light and
heat are made to cross each other and upon the principle of a corrugated
reflector the radiation of light and heat is greatly increased over the possible
capacity of a straight or circular flame. The upper edge of the walls of the
flame passage or opening may be bevelled, as illustrated in figure 4, if so desirod,
to facilitate the withdrawal of the cap from the sand in casting the same.
To obviate the loss of heat and to utilise the same to the best advantage, the
chimney 25 is surrounded by a jacket or casing 26 secured thereto at the bottom, the
sides of which jacket are preferably V-shaped or flared outwards, as shewn in
figure 2. In the drawing I have shewn supporting strips 27 as attached transversely
to the jacket at the top and crossing the chimney upon which supporting strips the
vessel to be heated is placed; but this arrangement for supporting the vessel
or vessels to be heated forms no portion of the invention and may be varied at
will. The casing and chimney are each provided with a sheet of mica 28 or other
transparent material in order that the stove may emit light and to enable the flame to
be seen and its regulation facilitated.
In figure 6 I have illustrated the burner in perspective and also the flame from
which it will be observed that the flame is not only of a fluted, zig-zag, or ruffle
shape but that the flare of the deflected portion of the flame is considerably greater
at the top than at the burner whereby I am enabled to essentially fill a chimney with a
flame of a maximum heat-radiating capacity. The dimensions of the flare of the
flame at its top is to some extent indicated by dotted lines in figure 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is ;
1. An oil burner provided with a zig-zag flame passage or opening wherewith a
fluted or ruffle-shaped flame is obtained, substantially as set forth.
2. An oil burner cap provided with a zig-zag flame passage or opening whereby
a fluted or ruffle-shaped flame is obtained, substantially as set forth.
3. An oil burner cap having its flame passage or opening provided on its longi-
tudinal walls with deflecting points or tongues, those on one wall being diagonally
arranged with respect to those on the other wall and all extending beyond a central

page_text: longitudinal line drawn through said opening whereby a well defined zig-zag contour
is imparted to the walls of the said opening, as, and for the purpose, specified.
4. An oil burner cap having its flame passage or opening provided with deflecting
points or tongues on its longitudinal walls, those on one wall being diagonally
arranged with respect to those on the other wall, the inner ends of the said
tongues being at a greater altitude than the immediately-opposed wall, substantially
as specified.
5. An oil burner cap provided with a serpentine flame passage or opening having
straight and diagonal or angular side walls forming a series of tongues, the inner
ends whereof are of greater altitude than the immediately opposite wall the lower
faces of said tongues being inclined or curved upwardly and inwardly, substantially
as specified.
6. An oil burner cap provided with a flame passage or opening and essentially
triangular tongues projected from its side walls, the width of the spaces intervening
between the opposed side edges of the tongues being gradually increased at each
side of the central space, substantially as described, whereby a zig-zag flame
is obtained and an even height preserved throughout the width of the flame, as
specified.
7. In an oil burner, the combination, with the wick tube, of a radiator in the path
of the ascending air currents and having metallic union with, and constituting
essentially intogral portion of, the wick tube, substantially as shewn and described,
whereby a positive connection is obtained between the wick tube and radiator and
the heat conducted by the latter from the former, as set forth.
IN 1
PALCHE
L
GLY U
1000
FALCI GIK BY UUEG
W. W. BATCHELDER.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
W. W. BATCHELDER.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.