Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Beet-root Strips, Spent Grains, and similar Materials.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 9th Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Beet-root Strips, Spent
Grains, and similar Materials.
I, FRIEDRICH ERNST OTTO of Dortmund in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention to be as
follows:-
D
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus designed for drying bect-
root strips, spent grains and similar slimy material and formed of one or more
stirring devices which are adapted to rotate in heating troughs, cylinders or the
like and may be mounted upon heating drums or a system of tubes.
In drying apparatus of this kind such a high temperature can under certain
circumstances be imparted to the heating surfaces that the material to be dried may.
undergo an undesirable change, so as to destroy more or less its most important
ingredients by baking to and sliding to and fro upon the walls heated by hot air or
products of combustion.
The aforesaid invention consists in arranging casings round the heating body
and has for its object to obviate such a deleterious change of the material to be
dried.
As represented in the accompanying drawing, the improved apparatus comprises
pervious protecting walls or casings so arranged round the heating body, such as
the trough A, cylinder A', heating drum B, the system of tubes C, that the beet-
root strips or the like, reduced by knives and intermixed by vanes are dried by hot
air or products of combustion acting directly upon them, or by the heat radiating
from the heating bodies without liability to injury caused by the strongly heated
surfaces of the drum, trough, tubes C or the like forming the heating body, and
that the dried material may be at the same time separated from the moist
material.
The wall of the drum B, in the place of which use may be made of the system
of heating tubes C (Fig. 2) which like the drum are made of a form adapted for
obtaining a great heating effect and facilitating the separation of portions of the
dried material which have become baked thereto, and also the interior wall of the
trough A or cylinder A¹, is either unperforated in case the hot air or the products
of combustion are not to be conducted into the material to be dried, or it is
provided throughout its entire extent with holes of a certain size which may have
any desired round, oval or other shape. Through these numerous holes the hot
gases pass to the material to be dried. At a suitable distance from the heating
walls are provided concentric protecting casings d D of wire gauze or perforated
sheet metal.
•
The material to be dried is conveyed into the space between the protecting
casings d D and, while it is reduced by knives n and thrown upwards by vanes m,
is completely dried in consequence of the direct action of the product of com-
bustion or the hot air, or with unperforated heating walls by radiating heat,
without coming in contact during the drying operation with the strongly heated
wall through which the said air passes or which acts by radiating heat in the case
of an unperforated heating wall. In such an arrangement any baking of and injury
to the moist material by prolonged action of a hot contact body, will be obviated
and neither the protein nor the amylaceous substances will be changed as regards
their nutritive value.

page_text: The space between the heating body (the perforated or the unperforated wall
of the trough, drum or the like) and the pervious casing d D appertaining thereto,
is closed at the end where the material is introduced and open at the other end.
Into this space the reduced and dried particles of the material pass through the
openings in the casing and are conducted by means of a suitable quick-acting
transporting device, such as a conveyor, towards the aforesaid open end or outlet,
whilst the coarser pieces which therefore still contain moisture are submitted to the
continued action of the stirrer or agitator and the heat.
When use is made of troughs in lieu of cylindrical vessels the operation of
drying by means of hot gases acting directly upon the beet-root strips or other
materials can be perfected by arranging at the upper interior parts of the wall of
the trough hollow bodies K (Figures 3 and 5) whose walls, which are turned
towards the stirrer or agitator and are also perforated, constitute part of the
surface of a cylinder the generatrix of which is situated in the bottom surface of
the interior wall of the trough. Into these hollow bodies K is also blown air
(products of combustion) which passes through the perforated walls against. the
material to be dried. The upper surface of the hollow body is provided with a
protecting plate L (Fig. 3) for the purpose of preventing the material thrown
upwards by the stirrer or agitator from coming in contact with the hot wall of
the hollow body, while the cylindrical part is covered by the upper portion of the
pervious casing D.
The hollow bodies K may further be connected with each other by hollow
bodies O, the number and dimensions of the latter being such that a sufficient space
remains between these bodies O in order to allow the passage of the water vapour
escaping from the material to be dried. The hollow bodies have suitable
apertures o' below through which the hot air is blown directly between the materials
to be dried (Figure 4).
Another arrangement based on the same idea is represented in Figure 5. In this
instance the entire trough is covered by a hollow body P whose lower bottom
forming the curvature p is perforated; hot air is likewise blown through the latter
into the materials to be dried. The discharge of the vapour is effected in any
suitable manner for example through a central aperture P¹.
Such an arrangement enables hot air or products of combustion to be blown
directly through the material to be dried without the latter undergoing an
unfavourable change. The material to be dried is thrown round at a great speed
in the upper part of the trough of the apparatus and described in its movement a
semi-circle. At a short distance from this path of the material is arranged the
hollow body through the apertures of which hot air or the like is continuously
blown into the material as it passes.
A further arrangement, in which a heating cylinder M N is employed, is
represented in Figure 6. The space between the two walls of the cylinder (hot
air space) is shut off in a suitable manner at a point (*) where the material moving
round ceases to touch the walls. In the arrangements shown in Figure 7 only one
cylindrical wall N is provided which at its top part is surrounded by a half-
cylinder Q, and the hot air space constitutes in this arrangement only one-half of
that represented in Fig. 6. In either arrangement the inner sheet-metal wall N of
the upper half cylinder is provided with holes, slits or the like, through which the
hot air is blown through and between the material to be dried.
The protecting casings D d have in the first place for their object to prevent the
moist material from coming in contact with the strongly heated surfaces of the walls
during the drying operation, therefore the valuable ingredients of the same will
not be injured, and in the second place to enable the smaller ingredients of the
material to be separated by the previous casings acting like a sieve and to be
conducted more or less quickly to the outlet by an appropriate transporting
mechanism, while the parts which must of course be subjected to a prolonged action
of the drying agent are retained for a longer time in the apparatus.
When a system of tubes C (Fig. 2) is used for conducting the hot gases the

page_text: ashes and the like may be conveniently removed from the several tubes by an
arrangement represented in Fig. 8. The plates S holding the ends of the tubes e
are provided with inner tubular pieces s upon which these tubes are first slid at one
front, and after moving the tubes backwards. they can be slid upon the tubular
pieces at the other front plate. By suitable fastening devices, for instance by means
uf pins or screws t passed through openings in the tubes and the tubular pieces, the
tubes are kept in their proper position. Flap valves may also be provided for
removing ashes from the heating chambers.
Dated this Tenth day of March 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Apparatus for Drying Beet-root Strips, Spent
Grains, and similar Materials..
I, FRIEDRICH ERNST OTTO of Dortmund in the Kingdom of Prussia, Gerinan
Empire, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus as described in the Specifi-
cation of my former Patent No. 13333" and is designed for drying beet-root strips,
spent grains and similar slimy material and formed of one or more stirring devices
which are adapted to rotate in heating troughs, cylinders or the like and may be
mounted upon heating drums or a system of tubes.
In drying apparatus of this kind such a high temperature can under certain
circumstances be imparted to the heating surfaces that the material to be dried
may undergo an undesirable change, so as to destroy more or less its most important
ingredients by baking to and sliding to and fro upon the walls heated by hot air or
products of combustion.
The aforesaid invention consists in arranging casings round the heating body
and has for its object to obviate such a deleterious change of the material to
be dried.
As represented in the drawing left with my Provisional Specification the
improved apparatus comprises pervious protecting walls or casings so arranged
round the heating body, such as the double trough A, double cylinder A', heating
drum B, the system of tubes C, that the beet-root strips or the like, reduced by
knives and intermixed by vanes are dried by hot air or products of combustion
acting directly upon them, or by the heat radiating from the heating bodies without
liability to injury caused by the strongly heated surfaces of the drum, trough,
tubes or the like forming the heating body, and that the dried material may be
at the same time separated from the moist material.
The wall of the drum B, in the place of which use may be made of the system
of heating tubes C (Figure 2) which like the drum are made of a form adapted for
obtaining a great heating effect and facilitating the separation of portions of the
dried material which have become baked thereto, and also the interior wall of the
trough A or cylinder A', is either unperforated in case the hot air or the products
of combustion are not to be conducted into the material to be dried, or it is pro-
vided throughout its entire extent with holes of a certain size which may have any
desired round, oval or other shape. Through these numerous holes the hot gases
pass to the material to be dried. At a suitable distance from the heating walls
are provided concentric protecting casings d D of wire gauze or perforated sheet
metal.

page_text: The material to be dried is conveyed into the space between the protecting
casings d D and, while it is reduced by knives n and thrown upwards by vanes m,
is completely dried in consequence of the direct action of the product of com-
bustion or the hot air, or with unperforated heating walls by radiating heat,
without coming in contact during the drying operation with the strongly heated
wall through which the said air passes or which acts by radiating heat in the case
of an unperforated heating wall. In such an arrangement any baking of and
injury to the moist material by prolonged action of a hot contact body, will be
obviated and neither the protein nor the amylaceous substances will be changed as
regards their nutritive value.
The space between the heating body (the perforated or the unperforated wall of
the trough, drum or the like) and the pervious casing d D appertaining thereto, is
closed at the end where the material is introduced and open at the other end. Into
this space the reduced and dried particles of the material pass through the openings
in the casing and are removed in any suitable manner, whilst the courser pieces
which therefore still contain moisture are submitted to the continued action of the
stirrer or agitator and the heat.
When use is made of troughs in lieu of cylindrical vessels the operation of
drying by means of hot gases acting directly upon the beet root strips or other
materials can be perfected by arranging at the upper interior parts of the wall of
the trough hollow bodies K (Figures 3 and 5) whose walls, which are turned
towards the stirrer or agitator and are also perforated, constitute part of the
surface of a cylinder the generatrix of which is actuated in the bottom surface of
the interior wall of the trough. Into these hollow bodies K is also blown air
(products of combustion) which passes through the perforated walls against the
inaterial to be dried. The upper surface of the hollow body is provided with a pro-
tecting plate L (Fig. 3) for the purpose of preventing the material thrown upwards
by the stirrer or agitator from coming in contact with the hot wall of the
hollow body, while the cylindrical part is covered by the upper portion of the
pervious casing D.
The hollow bodies K may further be connected with each other by hollow
bodies O, the number and dimensions of the latter being such that a sufficient
space remains between these bodies in order to allow the passage of the water
vapour escaping from the material to be dried. The hollow bodies O have suitable
apertures of below through which the hot air is blown directly between the
materials to be dried (Figure 4).
Another arrangement based on the same idea is represented in Figure 5. In
this instance the entire trough is covered by a hollow body P whose lower bottom
forming the curvature p is perforated; hot air is likewise blown through the latter
into the materials to be dried. The discharge of the vapour is effected in any
suitable manner for example through a central aperture P¹.
Such an arrangement enables hot air or products of combustion to be blown
directly through the material to be dried without the latter undergoing an
unfavourable change. The material to be dried is thrown round at a great speed
in the upper part of the trough of the apparatus and describes in its movement a
semi-circle. At a short distance from this path of the material is arranged the
hollow body through the apertures of which hot air or the like is continuously
blown into the material as it passes.
A further arrangement, in which a heating cylinder M N is employed, is
represented in Figure 6. The space between the two walls of the cylinder (hot
air space) is shut off in a suitable manuer at a point (r) where the material moving
round ceases to touch the walls. In the arrangements shown in Figure 7 only one
cylindrical wall N is provided which at its top part is surrounded by a half-
cylinder Q, and the hot air space constitutes in this arrangement only one-half
of that represented in Fig. 6. In either arrangement the inner sheet-metal wall N
of the upper half cylinder is provided with holes, slits or the like, through which
the hot air is blown through and between the material to be dried.

page_text: The protecting casings D d have in the first place for their object to prevent.
the moist material from coming in contact with the strongly heated surfaces of the
walls during the drying operation, therefore the valuable ingredients of the same
will not be injured and in the second place to enable the smaller ingredients of the
material to be separated by the previous casings acting like a sieve and to be
conducted more or less quickly to the outlet by an appropriate transporting
mechanism, while the parts which must of course be subjected to a prolonged
action of the drying agent are retained for a longer time in the apparatus.
When a system of tubes C (Fig. 2) is used for conducting the hot gases the
ashes and the like may be conveniently removed from the several tubes by an
arrangement represented in Fig. 8. The plates S holding the ends of the tubes e are
provided with inner tubular pieces upon which these tubes are first slid at one front,
and after moving the tubes backwards they can he slid upon the tubular pieces at
the other front plate. By suitable fastening devices, for instance by means of
pins or screws t passed through openings in the tubes and the tubular pieces, the
tubes are kept in their proper position. Flap valves may also be provided for
removing ashes from the heating chambers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
In apparatus for drying beet-root strips, spent grains or similar slimy and moist
material, which operate by radiating heat or by heating gases conducted directly
into the material, a protecting casing provided with holes, slits or the like and
extending round the heating body riz. a cylinder, trough, drum, or a system of tubes,
which casing protects the material to be dried from injury by continual contact
with the walls of the heating bodies and may cause dried parts of the material to
pass into the space between the heating body and casing for the purpose of
removing them.
This Lich den of
1 1004
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.