IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING ALBUMEN, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Charles Henderson, of No. 31, Charing
Cross, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING ALBUMEN, AND
IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."-A communication from
abroad by Lazare Lévy, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 28th July 1868, and dated the 6th May 1868.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Arthur Charles Henderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 6th May 1868, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
CHARLES HENDERSON, of No. 31, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING ALBUMEN, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the

page_text: same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been communicated
to me from abroad by Lazare Lévy, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my
hand and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, of which
Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of the apparatus I employ,
and Figure 2 a plan of the same. The same letters of reference indicate
like parts shewn in the two Figures.
My Invention relates to the manufacture of albumen from blood by
a simple and novel treatment thereof, which may be thus described :-
I take, for instance, blood as it is found at the slaughter house, and
putting it in a tub or vessel A transfer its contents therefrom into a
sieve or drainer B, which may be done by arranging the sieve over the
tub and turning the latter with the sieve upside down so as to leave
the sieve on or across a vessel C, after which a loose ring D may be
applied to hold the contents in place. The clotted matter is then cut
through and through in various crosswise directions for the purpose of
severing or shredding as it were the veins in order more perfectly to
extract the albumen. The fluid matter running from the sieve or
drainer into the vessel C is then allowed to remain twenty-four hours,
more or less, when a sliding or vertically adjustable pipe a is lowered
to run off the same into a vessel E, where it is further allowed to stand,
say, twenty-four hours, prior to (or the cleared portion of it) being again
run off by suitably lowering a sliding or vertically adjustable pipe b;
so as only to draw off the fluid albumen or albumen water, leaving the
sediment behind it in the vessel E. The tub A and vessels or parts B,
C, D, and E should all be made of or lined with zinc to insure clean-
liness by frequent washing which it is necessary to observe, and remove
old blood or matter that would affect the new to the injury or
detriment of the albumen produced. As the albumen water is
decanted from the vessel E it is allowed to run into a tray F, which
should be made of glass and not of zinc, as the application of heat to
which it is necessary to subject the tray would cause the chloride of
sodium in the zinc to injuriously affect the albumen. This tray with
its contents is then removed to any suitable heating chamber and
exposed to a temperature of 65 degrees Reaumur, more or less, for a

page_text: period of twenty-four hours or thereabouts, and is afterwards allowed to
gradually cool, say, twenty-four hours longer, at about 30 degrees
Reaumur, when it will be solidified and in a condition for bottling or
packing for the market or for use as and for the purposes albumen is
ordinarily employed.
It is obvious that this my improved mode of manufacturing albumen
may be variously modified as regards the form and dimensions of the
vessels employed as well as the periods for the performance of the
several stages, as also the temperature at which certain of the latter
are conducted, but the description here given illustrates in a practical
manner how my Invention may be very successfully carried into
practice.
What is therefore here claimed and desired to be secured by Letters
Patent is, the process, substantially as herein described and illustrated
of manufacturing albumen from blood, reserving to myself its appli-
cation to all kinds of textile matters, such as wools, wool and cotton,
wool and silk, silk, and indeed all kinds of materials in which albumen
is employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Charles Henderson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand, eight hundred and sixty-eight.