Electrodes for Secondary Batteries.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application. 20th Oct., 1892
·Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 4th Feb., 1893 ..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Electrodes for Secondary Batteries.
EMILE ANDREOLI, Journalist, 18 Somerleyton Road, Brixton S.W. do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
:-
This invention refers to the construction of electrodes for secondary batterics,.,
which contain more active material and which are possessed of a higher con-
ductivity than electrodes prepared by. the ordinary method.
In carrying out this invention, I cast fused salts of lead, such as chloride of
lead between two grids of any convenient shape or size, made of lead or lead alloy
which are fixed on each shell of a mould; at a suitable distance one from the₁,
other, so that there is a certain space between them which is filled by the fused,"
chloride or other lead salt. At the same time, the interstices, cavities or cells of
the two grids are also filled with the fused salts.
"
The two shells of the mould are. symmetrically pierced with more or less holes,
in which movable brass pins are inserted, which are pulled out after the chloride,
of lead has been cast; then, 1. fill such holes with lead or lead alloy and thus,
convert the two grids and their intermediate layer of chloride of lead by means of
metallic contacts which intersect in many places the plate and impart to the mass
of active material a great conductivity.
In order to protect the grids of lead or lead alloy into which is cast the salt of,
lead in the state of fusion, against the possibility of being destroyed by the heat,
I coat them with a galvanic film of a metal which has a higher fusing point or I
mix chloride of lead with a convenient flux such as borate of soda which after, I.
eliminate by known means.
:
I do not confine myself to any particular size or shape of grids. Both the..
positive and negative electrode may be constructed in the above described manner,.
but my cathode may also be made of and consist of several thicknesses of metallic.
gauzes, put together, compressed and amalgamated or of a double gauze frame
filled up with pulverized animal charcoal or a metallic powder or of slabs of porous.
carbon to occlude the gazes or of porous carbon made of carbon mixed and baked
with chloride of lead or another metallic salt.
I may also use between the anode and the cathode a porous conducting diaphragm
not attacked by the electrolyte and which is connected by a convenient wire or
contact to the cathode.
Dated this 20th day of October 1892.
EMILE ANDREOLI,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Electrodes for Secondary. Batteries.
EMILE ANDREOLI Journalist, 18 Somerleyton Road, Brixton, Surrey do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention refers to the construction of electrodes for secondary batteries
which contain more active material than electrodes prepared by the ordinary
method, and possess a higher conductivity.
In carrying out this invention, 1 cast fused salts of lead such as chloride of lead
between two grids of any convenient shape or size, made of lead or lead alloy
which are fixed inside, on each shell of a mould, at a suitable distance, one from
'

page_text: the other, so that there is a certain space between them which is filled by the
fused chloride or other lead salt.
At the same time, the interstices, cavities or cells of the two grids are also filled
by the fused salt.
or less
The two shells of the mould are systematically pierced with more
numerous holes into which moveable brass pins are inserted which are pulled out
after the chloride of lead has been cast. then fill such holes produced in the
plate with fused lead or lead alloy and thus connect the two grids and their inter-
mediate layer of chloride of lead, by means of metallic contacts which intersect
in many places the plate, and impart to the mass of active material a great
conductivity.
I need not describe and illustrate the mould and its shells, nor the way how
a convenient space is maintained between each grid, fixed against each shell so as
to fill it with the active substance.
The grids may be of any shape or size; the interstices to be filled with the salt
of lead may be small or large. Their internal sides may be flat and their ribs
may be wider or they may be corrugated, or. bear protuberant studs or pins, to
increase the conductive surface in contact with the core or central layer of active
material.
I can use for instance a pair of grids of the E. P. S. type, which in a con-
venient mould will be united and filled with chloride of lead, so that the resulting
plate will contain more active material than two E. P. S. grids of the same size.
In order to protect the grids of lead or lead alloy into which the salts of lead
are cast in the state of fusion, against the possibility of being destroyed by the
heat, I coat them galvanically with a film of a metal which has a higher fusing
point than lead, and which will be eliminated in the acid solution during the
operation of formation.
I may mix chloride of lead with a convenient flux which I afterwards eliminate
by known means.
I may also protect the grid against destruction by heat while chloride of lead is
cast by coating it with a sort of paint or layer consisting of a mixture of a fusible
salt of lead and of a convenient agglutinating substance such as glycerine, etc. and
which I afterwards dry.
Both the positive and negative electrodes may be constructed in the above
described manner but my cathode may also be made of a plain porous lead plate,
obtained by means of fusion of a lead salt, or it may consist of several thicknesses
of amalgamated metallic gauze which are put together and compressed; it may
also consist of a double lead gauze or trellis filled up with powdered carbon or
metallic amalgamated powder or minute fragments of reduced lead salt; or with
very porous carbon in which the gases are readily occluded, or I may use as cathode
a very porous carbon plate made of carbon and other substances mixed and baked
with any convenient lead salt.
I need not describe the different well known processes for fusing, casting
chloride of lead, or other salts of lead and for reducing, dechlorinating such fused
material and transforming it into peroxide of lead.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
1st. The construction of compound electrodes for secondary batteries, consisting
of two lead or lead alloy grids, placed in a mould, at a convenient distance one
from the other and between which is cast a salt of lead, such as chloride of lead,
so as to fill up their interstices and the intermediate space.
2nd. The use of lead or lead alloy pins or plugs, intersecting the internal layer
of active material as above described to secure a greater conductivity.
3rd. The mode of protection of the lead or lead alloy grids, against destruction
by heat as above described and specified..

page_text: 4th. The use of grids, the internal faces of which are either flat or corrugated
or bear protuberant parts or pins for the purpose herein before set forth.
5th. The combination of metallic plates or gauzes or porous carbon slabs acting
as cathodes with anodes consisting of double grids filled up with active material, as
5 above described.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1892
EMILE ANDREOLI.