Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Carving Wood, Stone, or other Material.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 1st Apr., 1893—Accepted, 1st July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Carving Wood, Stone,
or other Material.
I, JOHN POLLOCK, of Beith in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Cabinet
Maker and Chair Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to machines for carving upon wood, stone or other material,
copies or reproductions of designs or ornaments, and has for its object the attainment
in such machines of so much automatic action that when adjusted and started to
operate on the material to be carved they continue to perform all the movements
necessary for completing the work without requiring hand labour or personal
attention during the time the work is being executed.
Further this machine has for its object to produce a number of copies of two
different designs at one operation with rapidity and accuracy.
.
A machine constructed according to this invention consists of two main parts,
namely, a bed plate or carriage for carrying the patterns or designs to be reproduced,
and the articles or pieces of wood, stone or other material or substance upon which
the said patterns or designs are to be so reproduced; and an upper part supported
upon and turning in bearings carried upon columns or other suitable framework.
The bed plate or carriage has a backward and forward motion imparted to it in a
manner similar to that by which such motions are imparted to an iron planing
machine. The upper part has also a motion imparted to it which crosses the bed
plate or carriage and forms in their joint action a motion similar to that of an
ordinary compound slide rest, and otherwise consists of a framing mounted upon
sleeves or centres turning in bearings or columns or a framework as aforesaid, the
upper part being pivoted in the centre, and the overhanging arms equally balanced
on their centres.
By this invention two separate carvings of different designs can be reproduced at
the same time owing to the machine being made double-acting. This double action
is achieved by the said arms on the upper part, having crossheads for carrying a
guiding point and a number of spindles which hold the carving tools. Each spindle
carrying the carving tools is provided with a pulley by which the said spindles are
driven by bands or cords at a high speed through pulleys on a driving shaft passing
through the sleeves upon which the upper part turns, and by such means the motion
of the shaft and the upper part will not interfere with each other, and which
operate on the wood, stone, or other material or substance to be carved both in the
forward and backward motion of the under part and quite independently of each
other. At the termination of each traverse of the table the crossheads of the upper
part carrying the guiding point and carving tools which are pivoted in the centre
are raised and lowered alternately by an automatic action which gives at each
alternate stroke a slight preponderance sufficient to allow the carving tools to
penetrate the wood, stone or other material or substance being operated upon, and
at the same time to allow the carving tools to follow easily and surely the depressions
and elevations of the pattern being reproduced.
The patterns from which carvings are to be made may be formed in metal or
other hard substance, and is fixed upon the bed plate under the guiding point and
upon the table under each spindle carrying the carving tools are secured by clamps
or by other suitable means, the articles or pieces of wood, stone or other material or
substance upon which the reproductions are to be made. The bed plate or carriage
is brought to such a position that the guiding point is at one side of the pattern
underneath it, and each carving tool at a corresponding side of the article or piece

page_text: of wood or other material or substance to be operated upon. The travelling of the
bed plate or carriage causes the pattern to be carried under the guiding point, and
consequently the materials upon which the reproductions are to be made to be
carried under the carving tools in longitudinal lines, the said guiding point and the
crosshead upon which it is fixed rising and falling by turning upon its sleeves as
aforesaid following the elevations and depressions of the pattern beneath it and
giving the like falling and rising motion to the carving tools.
While at the termination of each traverse the upper part which carries the
crossheads pointers and carving tools receives a slight side movement as in a
planing machine which will bring a fresh portion of the material being operated
upon underneath the carving tools. The sanie movement will take place continuously
until the guiding point has travelled in longitudinal parallel lines over the whole of
the surface of the pattern, and consequently until the carring tools have cut or
carved by the revolving motion imparted to them through the bands as aforesaid
and by the travelling motion of the table a reproduction of the said pattern upon the
articles or pieces of wood or other material beneath them.
Dated this 1st day of June 1802
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Carving Wood, Stone,
or other Material.
I, JOHN POLLOCK, of Beith, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Cabinet
Maker and Chair Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to machines for carving upon wood, stone, or other material,
copies or reproductions of designs or ornaments, and has for its object the attain-
ment in such machines of so much automatic action that when adjusted and started
to operate on the material to be carved they continue to perform all the movements
necessary for completing the work without requiring hand labour or personal
attention during the time the work is being executed.
Further this machine has for its object to produce a number of copies of two
different designs at one operation with rapidity and accuracy.
In order that my invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect I have hereunto appended two explanatory sheets of drawings which I will
now proceed to describe."
Figure 1 is a side elevation showing my improvements.
Figure 2 is an end view of the same.
Figure 3 is a part side elevation and part section drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figure 4 is a detailed view showing in section the bush and bearings of the
overhanging arms.
A machine constructed according to my invention consists of two main parts,
namely a bed plate or carriage A for carrying the patterns or designs to be repro-
duced and the articles or pieces of wood O, stone or other material or substance
upon which the said patterns or designs are to be reproduced, and an upper part B
which consists of two overhanging arms H H', H' being provided with a central
boss E and hollow trunion E', upon which, by means of the sleeves or bushes F,
H turns, each capable of turning independently of the other in bearings C, carried
upon columns D or other suitable framework, this upper part B is pivoted at G
and the overhanging arms H, H', are equally balanced on their centres by the
weights X, Y, which are carried and are adjustable upon a lever a. This lever a
is on each side of the machine and is pivoted to the crossheads I which are rigidly
secured to the arms H, H¹, and is fulcrumed at upon the stationary bracket c,

page_text: fixed to column D. These weights X, Y, ascend as either of the overhanging
arms H or H descend and vice versa and they are so proportioned that the
preponderance of weight to the crosshead on the side of the machine which may
be in the act of carving is only just sufficient to allow the requisite penetration of
the tools into the material being operated upon. The bed plate or carriage A has
a backward and forward motion imparted to it in a manner similar to that by which
such motions are imparted to an iron planing machine. The upper part B has also
a motion imparted to it which crosses the bed plate or carriage A and forms
in their joint action a motion similar to that of an ordinary compound slide rest.
By my invention two separate carvings of different designs can be reproduced at
the same time owing to the machine being made double acting. This double action
is achieved by the said arms H, H' on the upper part B having crossheads I for
carrying a guiding point J and a number of spindles K which hold the carving
tools. Each spindle K carrying the carving tools is provided with a pulley L by
which the said spindles K are driven by bands or cords M at a high speed through
pulleys N on a driving shaft passing through the sleeves F upon which the upper
part B turns, and by such means the motion of the shaft and the upper part B will
not interfere with each other, and which tools operate on the wood, stone or other
material or substance to be carved in the forward and backward motion alternately
of the under part A and quite independently of each other. At the termination of
each traverse of the table or under part A the crossheads I of the upper part B
carrying the guiding point J and spindles and carving tools K are raised one after
the other by a projection V formed on the crosshead I rising on an incline V¹
formed on the table A and travelling with it. While the table A is moving along
in order to finish the carving stroke, as seen on the left hand side of the machine as
seen in Fig. 1, the crosshead 1 with carving tool on the other side of the machine
is rising up one of the inclines V' by means of the projection V, and when that
side of the machine has accomplished its work the projection R comes against one
end of the catch S, thus releasing it from the crosspiece Z and so allowing the
arm H to rise. The other arm H₁ which has now reached its highest point by the
projection V being at the top of the incline V' by its own weight returns down
the incline and becomes locked as already described with reference to the other
side of the machine. While this side is now finishing its carving stroke the carving
tool on the other side is rising up the opposite incline V¹ in a similar manner to
that described, this operation still going on so long as the machine is in motion.
The object of locking the arms by means of the catches S is to prevent them
unduly rising during the carving. There are two inclines V' at each side of the
machine and lying in opposite directions so as to cause the crosshead I to rise at
the beginning and finish of the traverse of the table, whereby the tools and guiding
point are held out of contact with the pattern and pieces of material during the
carving of the opposite side of the machine.
The patterns from which carvings are to be made may be formed in metal
or other hard substance and is fixed upon the bed plate A under the guiding
point J and upon the table or bed plate A under each spindle K carrying
the carving tools are secured by clamps or by other suitable means the
articles or pieces of wood O, stone or other material or substance upon which
the reproductions are to be made. The bed plate or carriage A is brought
to such a position that the guiding point J is at one side or edge of the pattern
underneath it, and each carving tool K at a corresponding side of the article or
piece of wood or other material or substance to be operated upon. The travelling
of the bed plate or carriage A causes the pattern to be travelled backwards
& forwards under the guiding point J, and consequently the materials O upon which
the reproductions are to be made is similarly moved under the carving tools K in
longitudinal lines, the said guiding point J and the crosshead I upon which it is
fixed rising and falling by means of the arms H, H' turning upon their sleeves as
aforesaid following the elevations and depressions of the pattern beneath it and
giving the like falling and rising motion to the carving tools.

page_text: While at the termination of each traverse the upper part B which carries the
crossheads I. pointers and carving tools J receives a slight side movement by means
of a projection W engaging with the levers P which communicate a rotary motion
to the shaft Q having a screw fixed to it and partially turning the screw which
gives a lateral motion to the crosshead bringing a fresh portion of the material
being operated upon underneath the carving tools K. The same movement will
take place continuously until the guiding point J has travelled in longitudinal
parallel lines over the whole surface of the pattern and consequently until the
carving tools have cut or carved by the revolving motion imparted to them through
the bands as aforesaid and by the travelling motion of the table A a reproduction
of the said pattern upon the articles or pieces of wood or other material beneath
them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In machinery or apparatus for carving wood, stone, or other material, the general
arrangement and combination of the parts whereby two different designs can be
reproduced at one operation, substantially as described and shown on the accom-
panying sheets of drawings.
01
ג
SML 1002
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.