IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE AND FIXING OF TAPER AND FLANGED TUBES FOR BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles John Galloway and John Henry
Beckwith, both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
AND FIXING OF TAPER AND FLANGED TUBES FOR BOILERS."
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 16th August 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles John Galloway
and John Henry Beckwith at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th August 1875.
We, CHARLES JOHN GALLOWAY and JOHN HENRY BECKWITH, both
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of our Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE AND FIXING OF TAPER AND FLANGED TUBES FOR BOILERS," to be
as follows:-

page_text: for punching the holes in the circular flanges of such tubes or of parallel
tubes, and also punching in the plates to which the flanged tubes are
flxed the main holes for the tubes and the rivet holes surrounding
them.
For bending the metal to constitute the taper tubes we provide a
conical mandril. One part of the circumference is cut to present a
flattened part or recess extending along the mandril, into which we
insert the edge of the plate to be bent, securing it there by a longi-
tudinal bar fixed to the mandril. We press the plate up against the
mandril by means of a round edged presser, or preferably by a number of
rollers arranged parallel with the side of the mandril. The mandril
being caused to turn through part of a revolution draws the plate
between its surface and the presser or rollers, whereby the plate is bent
partially round the mandril. The bar which holds the plate is then
shifted partially round to scize it at another part, and the mandril being
farther turned the rest of the plate is bent round it, the hinder edge
overlapping the front edge.
For welding the plate thus bent round to the conical form we provide
a corresponding conical socket, into which we insert the coned plate, its
lapping edges having been brought to a welding heat. We then force
into the interior of the tube plate a conical mandril, whereby its lapping
joint being squeezed against the interior of the socket is welded, and the
tube generally is moulded to the true form.
The mandril may be forced in by gravity or hydraulic pressure, or by a
scrow and rack, but we prefer to connect it to the piston of a steam
hammer, because it is of advantage to effect the movement rapidly
before the heat drops. The mandril is then withdrawn with the tube on
it, which is removed by means of pawls or catches mounted on the
framing, which in order to allow for the slight eccentricity of the tube
in the socket is made capable of yielding a little to either side. The
socket may be made in halves divided longitudinally for greater facility
of removing the welded tube.
For flanging the tubes we provide on a bed a pair of jaws, in which
the tube is held, with its end projecting beyond them. In face of these
jaws we mount a mandril carrying a face plate, on which is mounted a
radial slide or a pair of slides. In this slide or on each of the pair is

page_text: The
mounted a rocking shaft, from which an arm projects having mounted
on it a spherical, spheroidal, or barrel shaped roller. This arm is pressed
outwards from the centre of the plate by a powerful spring.
mandril is provided with gearing, by means of which it can be advanced
towards the tube or retracted therefrom, and also with gearing, by
means of which the slide or slides on the face plate can be made to
move from or towards the centre thereof. The tube being fixed in the
jaws the mandril is advanced till its rollers are inside the projecting end
of the tube. The slides on which the rollers are mounted being then
caused to recede from the centre of the face plate press outwards the
projecting metal of the tube, so as to form it into a flange, the rocking
shafts on which they are mounted permitting them to accomodate
themselves to the form of the flange while the springs of these shafts
sustain their pressure on it.
Instead of making the mandril to revolve and advance, cither of those
motions may be given to the tube while the mandril remains at rest.
The jaws in which the tube is held may be worked by a lever, screw, or
otherwise, but we prefer to connect them by bell-crank levers to a
piston or ram worked by steam or hydraulic pressure, so that by merely
working a cock or slide they can at once be caused to grasp or to release
the tube.
For punching the circular flanges of these tubes or circular flanges
generally we mount in face of a punch a circularly revolving rest, on
which the tube or circular flange is fixed. This rest is connected by
change wheel gearing to a ratchet worked by a pawl, or to a star wheel
worked by a crank arm from the driving shaft of the punch, so that
after each stroke of the punch the rest is caused to turn through any
desired part of a revolution, and thus to present another part of the
circumference of the flange to be punched, whereby the rivet holes of
the flange are equally divided round it.
For punching the tube holes in the plates along with the rivet holes
surrounding them we employ a punching press preferably worked by
hydraulic pressure. On the one member of this press is mounted on
trunnions a triangular, rectangular, or polygonal block, having on its
several sides different sets of punches to suit the different sized holes for
tubes, and on the other member of the press a similar block is mounted
having dies respectively corresponding to these punches. By turning

page_text: these blocks so as to present one or other of their sides towards each
other the plates placed between them are punched with their tube and
rivet holes to the particular dimensions determined by the size and
arrangement of the punches and dies so presented.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles John Galloway and John Henry Beck-
with in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
JOHN GALLOWAY and JOHN HENRY BECKWITH, both of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Charles John Galloway and John
Henry Beckwith, Her special license, that we, the said Charles John
Galloway and John Henry Beckwith, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles John Galloway and
John Henry Beckwith, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE AND FIXING OF TAPER AND FLANGED TUBES FOR BOILERS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles John Galloway
and John Henry Beckwith, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Beckwith, on behalf
of myself and the said Charles John Galloway, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheets of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:-
Our Invention relates to apparatus for bending, welding, and flanging
the taper tubes commonly known as "Galloway" tubes for boilers, and
for punching the holes in the circular flanges of such tubes or of parallel
tubes, and also punching in the plates to which the flanged tubes
are fixed the main holes for the tubes and the rivet holes surrounding
them.
For bending the metal to constitute the taper tubes we provide a
conical mandril. One part of the circumference is cut to present a
flattened part or recess extending along the mandril, into which we
insert the edge of the plate to be bent, securing it there by a longi-
tudinal bar fixed to the mandril. We press the plate up against the
mandrit by means of a round edged presser, or preferably by a number
of rollers arranged parallel with the side of the mandril. The mandril
being caused to turn through part of a revolution draws the plate
between its surface and the presser or rollers, whereby the plate is bent
partially round the mandril. The bar which holds the plate is then
shifted partially round to seize it at another part, and the mandril being
farther turned, the rest of the plate is bent round it, the hinder edge
overlapping the front edge.
For welding the plate thus bent round to the conical form we provide
a corresponding conical socket into which we insert the coned plate, its
lapping edges having been brought to a welding heat. We then force
into the interior of the tube plate a conical mandril, whereby its
lapping joint being squeezed against the interior of the socket is welded,
and the tube generally is moulded to the true form.
The mandril may be forced in by gravity or hydraulic pressure, or
by a screw and rack, but we prefer to connect it to the piston of a steam
hammer, because it is of advantage to effect the movement rapidly
before the heat drops. The mandril is then withdrawn with the tube on
it, which is removed by means of pawls or catches mounted on the

page_text: framing, which in order to allow for the slight eccentricity of the tube
in the socket is made capable of yielding a little to either side. The
socket may be made in halves divided longitudinally for greater facility
of removing the welded tube.
For flanging the tubes we provide on a bed a pair of jaws in which
the tube is held with its end projecting beyond them. In face of these
jaws we mount a mandril carrying a face plate, on which is mounted a
radial slide or a pair of slides. In this slide or on each of the pair
is mounted a rocking shaft from which an arm projects having
mounted on it a spherical, spheroidal, or barrel-shaped roller. This arm
is pressed outwards from the centre of the plate by a powerful spring.
The mandril is provided with gearing by means of which it can be
advanced towards the tube or retracted therefrom, and also with gearing
by means of which the slide or slides on the face plate can be made to
move from or towards the centre thereof. The tube being fixed in the
jaws, the mandril is advanced till its rollers are inside the projecting
end of the tube. The slides on which the rollers are mounted being
then caused to recede from the centre of the face plate, press outwards
the projecting metal of the tube so as to form it into a flange, the
rocking shafts on which they are mounted permitting them to accomo-
date themselves to the form of the flange while the springs of these
shafts sustain their pressure on it.
Instead of making the mandril to revolve and advance, cither of
those motions may be given to the tube while the mandril remains at
rest. The jaws in which the tube is held may be worked by a lover,
screw, or otherwise, but we prefer to connect them by bell-crank levers
to a piston or ram worked by steam or hydraulic pressure, so that by
merely working a cock or slide they can at once be caused to grasp or to
release the tube.
For punching the circular flanges of these tubes or circular flanges
generally we mount in face of a punch a circularly revolving rest on
which the tube or circular flange is fixed. This rest is connected by
change wheel gearing to a ratchet worked by a pawl or to a star wheel
worked by a crank arm from the driving shaft of the punch, so that
after each stroke of the punch the rest is caused to turn through any
desired part of a revolution, and thus to present another part of the
circumference of the flange to be punched, whereby the rivet holes of
the flange are equally divided round it.

page_text: For punching the tube holes in plates along with the rivet holes
surrounding them, we employ a punching press preferably worked by
hydraulic pressure. On the one member of this press is mounted on
trunnions a triangular, rectangular, or polygonal block, having on its
several sides different sets of punches to suit the different sized holes for
tubes, and on the other member of the press a similar block is mounted
having dies respectively corresponding to these punches. By turning
these blocks so as to present one or other of their sides towards each
other, the plates placed between them are punched with their tube and
rivet holes to the particular dimensions determined by the size and
arrangement of the punches and dies so presented.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, a plan; and Fig. 3, a
transverse section of apparatus according to our Invention for bending a
metal sheet to the form of a taper tube.
Fig. 4 is an end view of the laterally adjustable poppet head of the
apparatus; and Fig. 5 shews to an enlarged scale a section of the
mandril and sheet in the act of being bent round it.
The taper mandril A is mounted between centres, as in a lathe, and
caused to revolve slowly by worm gearing B or other suitable gear. The
sheet C has one of its edges secured in a recess of the mandril by a
bar D bolted to the latter. Under the mandril are mounted a number
of rollers E, which can revolve freely in bearings in a frame F that can
be raised or lowered at either end by means of screws G, which work in
nuts H formed in the bosses of worm wheels gearing with worms K that
can be turned in either direction by hand. The sheet C having been
partially bent by turning the mandril A, while the rollers E press the
sheet against it, the bar D is slacked and turned to a position farther
round the mandril, as shewn at D', Fig. 5, whereupon, the revolution of
the mandril being continued, the rest of the sheet is bent round it till
the other edge overlaps the edge secured at D.
For bending sheets to form parallel tubes the mandril A would
necessarily be cylindrical, and in that case a single long pressing roller
might be employed in lieu of the separate rollers E.
Fig. 6 represents a vertical section; Fig. 7, an elevation; Fig. 8, a
sectional plan through the cylinder; and Fig. 9, a plan above the mould.

page_text: of apparatus according to our Invention for welding together the lips of
the sheet bent, as above described, to the form of a taper tube. M is the
taper mould, which is mounted on trunnions m, and is provided with a
counterweight N, so that it can be readily canted to an oblique position,
as indicated by the dotted lines M¹ (Fig. 6), for the reception of the
heated bent sheet. O is the taper mandril, which is thrust into the
interior of the bent sheet in the mould M, so as to squeeze the over-
lapping edges of the sheet between it and the interior of the mould, and
thereby effect their weld.
The mandril O might be worked by hydraulic pressure, or by a screw,
or it might be attached to a monkey allowed to fall by gravity, but we
prefer to attach it to P the piston of a stcam hammer working in a
cylinder Q, which is supported by bolts R from the base of the
apparatus, these bolts being capable of giving or springing a little
laterally to allow for the inequality of the thickness of sheet where its
edges overlap. The cylinder Q is provided with a slide S, by which the
pressure can be made to act either above or below the piston P.
Arms T and U are jointed to the framing, the upper arms T being
counterweighted so as to make them bear against the mandril O, so that
as the mandril rises out of the mould, bringing with it the welded tube,
indicated by the dotted lines V, Fig. 7, the upper arms T catch the
upper edge of the tube and hold it down while the mandril continues to
ascend, and so to slack itself out of the tube, and the lower arms U
support the tube after it is slacked off the mandril until the mould M is
canted aside, whereupon one of the arms U is lifted off, and the tube is
allowed to drop.
Fig. 10 represents a longitudinal section; Fig. 11, a plan; and Fig. 12,
an end elevation of apparatus according to our Invention for flanging
tubes; Figs. 13 and 14 are transverse sections on the lines Y, Y, and
Z, Z, of Fig. 10, respectively; Fig. 15 is a section through the gearing
on the line X, X, (Fig. 10).
Fig. 16 is a part side view showing the condition of the flanging gear
when the flanging is just completed; and Fig. 17 is a part side view
shewing the application of single flanging gear for flanging the smaller
end of a tube.
The bed of the machine A is fitted at the right-hand end with
apparatus for bolding the tube to be flanged, and at the left-hand end

page_text: it is fitted with a sliding lathe head, which is advanced or retracted by
means of a screw B. The holding apparatus consists of two sliding
jaws C, C, faced with adjustable and interchangeable picces to fit tubes
of various dimensions and shapes, having front blocks c, c, formed to
the desired shape and inclination of the flange. The jaws C are con-
nected by bell-crank levers D to the piston E of a steam or hydraulic
cylinder, so that by admitting steam or water under pressure to act on
either side of this piston the jaws can be made to open or to close
it is fitted with a sliding lathe head, which is advanced or retracted by
means of a screw B. The holding apparatus consists of two sliding
jaws C, C, faced with adjustable and interchangeable picces to fit tubes
of various dimensions and shapes, having front blocks c, c, formed to
the desired shape and inclination of the flange. The jaws C are con-
nected by bell-crank levers D to the piston E of a steam or hydraulic
cylinder, so that by admitting steam or water under pressure to act on
either side of this piston the jaws can be made to open or to close
rapidly.
When the piston E is worked by steam, in order to prevent shock
arising from its too sudden action, we connect it to the piston F of a
cataract cylinder charged with water, oil, or other suitable liquid, its
ends communicating by small passages, which can be more or less
obstructed by adjustable screw plugs f,f. A back bearer G serves to
support the tube in the desired position.
Although we have represented the jaws C as being worked by fluid
pressure it may be readily understood that they could be otherwise
worked, as for example by right and left handed screws. The latho
head I carries a hollow mandril J which is caused to revolve by any
convenient power, and on this mandril is fixed a face plate or chuck K
fitted with two radial slides, on each of which is mounted a cross shaft a
provided with a strong helical spring b, and an arm e carrying a rounded
roller d. The springs are arranged to press the arms e and roller d
outwards from the centre of the face plate, but they yield sufficiently to
let the arms take a position less or more inclined inwards, as shewn in
Figs. 10 and 16. The slides & are moved outwards or inwards by
screws g sunk in the face plate, and connected by bevil gearing to a
spindle which extends through the mandril J and beyond the back
end thereof, where it is fitted with driving and reversing gear of the
following description. An internally toothed wheel ; is fixed on the
mandril J, and is geared by two intermediate pinions (which for the
sake of balancing may be duplicated, as shewn in Fig. 15) with an
externally toothed wheel about half the diameter of j, the wheel
being fixed on the spindle i, and the intermediate pinions being mounted
on a disc m free to revolve on the spindle i. Outside the loose disc m
is another disc n fixed on the spindle i. Both the discs m and n are
provided with break blocks o worked by a system of levers and rods,

page_text: such as is shewn in Fig. 12, from a shaft L worked by a hand lever M
in such a manner that whenever the brakes are applied to the one of the
two discs mor n they are taken off the other. When the brakes are
applied to the spindle i is held stationary while the face plate K
revolves, and thus the screws y are caused to turn in one direction
moving the slides inwards or outwards as the case may be. When
on the other hand the disc m is held by the brakes while n is left free
then the wheel 7 being driven by the intermediate pinions from j causes
the spindle i to revolve in the same direction with the mandril J but at
about twice the speed, and thus the screws are caused to revolve in
the opposite direction and move the slides accordingly. Thus according
as the handle M is moved upwards or downwards by an attendant, the
slides with their cross shafts a, arms e, and rounded rollers d, can be
caused to move inwards towards or outwards from the centre of the face
plate K while they revolve therewith. The screw B by which the
mandril head I is advanced or retracted is worked by intermediate gear p.
of the usual reversing kind employed in lathes, as shewn in Fig. 13, from
a friction pinion q driven by the mandril J. The reversing frame pis
connected by a shaft N to a hand lever O, which being raised or lowered
by the attendant moves the reversing frame p so as to engage the direct
or reverse gear, and thereby cause the screw B to turn in the one
direction or the other, to advance or to retract the lathe head I. The
friction gear at q acts as a safety coupling by slipping when the pressure
of the flanging rollers become excessive. The operation of this machine
is as follows:-A welded tube H having been clamped between the
jaws C, and the slides being sufficiently near the centre of the mandril
to permit the rounded rollers d to enter the month of the tube which
projects beyond the face block c. the mandril J is caused to revolve and
the lever M is moved so as to cause the slides to retreat from the
centre of the face plate. The rollers & being thus pressed against the
interior of the tube lip swell it outwards, and by properly regulating
the outward movement of these rollers, and the to and fro movement of
the head I by the use of the levers M and O, the lip of the tube is
spread out to form a flange, as shewn in Fig. 16, the springs allowing
the roller arms e to take suitable attitudes at various parts of the
movement. For small tubes or the smaller ends of the conical tubes
a single slide with its arme and roller d may be used, as shewn in
Fig. 17, the operation being similar to that described above.
Fig. 18 represents a side view; Fig. 19, a front view; and Fig. 20, a

page_text: plan of apparatus according to our Invention for punching the rivet
holes round the flanges of cylindrical or other tubes, or round parts of
boilers, Fig. 18 being a part side view shewing the apparatus applied to
punching the rivet holes in the larger flange of a taper boiler tube.
plan of apparatus according to our Invention for punching the rivet
holes round the flanges of cylindrical or other tubes, or round parts of
boilers, Fig. 18 being a part side view shewing the apparatus applied to
punching the rivet holes in the larger flange of a taper boiler tube.
Fig. 22 is a side view, and Fig. 23, a plan of ratchet gear for spacing
the punch holes equally round the circumference.
plan of apparatus according to our Invention for punching the rivet
holes round the flanges of cylindrical or other tubes, or round parts of
boilers, Fig. 18 being a part side view shewing the apparatus applied to
punching the rivet holes in the larger flange of a taper boiler tube.
Fig. 22 is a side view, and Fig. 23, a plan of ratchet gear for spacing
the punch holes equally round the circumference.
Fig. 24 is a side view; and Fig. 25, a plan of an arrangement of star
wheel gear for that purpose.
Fig. 26 shows to an enlarged scale partly by section and partly by
elevation the construction of the chuck or revolving table on which the
work to be punched is fixed.
The punch with its frame A. of ordinary construction is mounted
on a stand B, which is fitted with a vertically sliding frame C that can
be raised or lowered by screw jacks c worked by worm wheels c' operated
simultaneously by worms on a spindle c. On the frame C is fitted a
horizontal slide D worked by a screw d, by which the slide can be
advanced towards or withdrawn from the frame A. On the slide D is
mounted a horizontal bevil wheel E, which is connected to a chuck
plate F by pins c that can freely slide in holes in E, so that the chuck F
can be raised or lowered a little, but must revolve with the wheel E.
The central boss of the chuck F passes down through the tubular boss
of the wheel E, and terminates in a pivot f, which bears on a vertically
sliding step supported by an adjustable spring f¹. The chuck F is pro-
vided with sliding dogs for holding firmly the work to be operated on,
such as a cylindrical flanged tube, as shewn at G, Fig. 18, or a taper
tube H, shewn in Fig. 18. The work being fixed centrally on the
chuck it is adjusted vertically and horizontally by means of the screws c
and d till the flange 9 or to be punched is brought to its proper position
between the punch and matrix, the spring f being set up sufficiently to
take the weight off the flange, so that it can turn freely without pressing
on the face of the matrix. The wheel E gears with a bevil pinion K
that is turned either by ratchet and pawl or by star wheel gearing from a
pinion M on the cam or eccentric shaft of the punch, so that at every
stroke of the punch the chuck F with the work upon it is caused to turn
partly round, presenting always a fresh portion of the flange to be

page_text: punched with successive holes equally spaced round it. For this purpose
ratchet gear, such as is shewn in Figs. 22 and 23, may be employed, the
ratchet wheel being worked in the usual way by a pawl on the lever
moved at every stroke of the punch by a rod p worked from a crank or
cccentric on the cam shaft of the punch, and change wheels p², p³, being
employed to communicate motion from the ratchet wheel p' to the bevil
pinion K. By taking these wheels in proper proportions the division of
the punched flange may be varied as desired. The combined star and
change wheel gear, shewn in Figs. 18, 20, 24, and 25 is of the following
description:-A pinion M. on the cam shaft of the punch drives an
cqual pinion N, to which is fixed a mitre pinion n driving a mitre
pinion n. This latter pinion is mounted on a frame n² capable of turning
on the centre of n, and it has a tubular boss through which slides a
spindle, the said spindle being provided with a key slot fitting a
feather in the boss of n¹, so that it must turn with n¹ whilst it can
freely slide through it. The lower end of the spindle n³ has a mitre
pinion o gearing with another mitro pinion o¹ on a shaft o², and it is
centred in a frame 124 capable of revolving round o". The shaft of being
mounted on a bracket O fixed to the slide D has to partake of the
horizontal and vertical movements of that slide, and the connection
effected by the spindle n³ between the pinions n¹ and o admits of this
movement, the said spindle being capable of sliding and angling as
required. On the shaft of is a crank arm having a roller o³, which at
each revolution engages with a tooth of a star wheel of, and turns it one
division round, and this star wheel being geared by change wheels of to
the shaft of the bevil pinion K the chuck F with the work upon it can
thus be turned at each stroke of the punch through a portion of a
revolution dependent on the number of teeth in the star wheel o*, and
the proportions of the change whicels o³ and of the bevil pinion and
wheel K and E.
In order to take up back lash ratchet gear arranged as shewn in
Fig. 21 is worked from a crank L on the cam shaft of the punch; 7 is
a rod extending from the crank L and passing through a sleeve l jointed
to an arm F, an adjustable tappet stop 13 being fixed on the rod. The
crank L is so set with relation to the star wheel gear above described
that just before the star wheel begins to be moved the rod is raised,
bringing the tappet stop to bear against and lift the lever with its

page_text: weighted arm *. A pawl is mounted on this lever, and has a tail
which rests on a stud 1, so that when the lever is raised the pawl tail
bearing against the stud causes the pawl to disengage itself from the
teeth of a ratchet wheel which is fixed on the shaft of a bevil pinion
similar to K gearing with the bevil wheel E on the opposite thereof.
The pawl being thus disengaged the ratchet wheel is left free to turn,
and is turned by the action of the star wheel in partly turning the bevil
wheel E. When this movement has ceased the rod again descending
allows the lever to descend in obedience to its weighted arm 1*, and
the pawl re-engaging with the ratchet wheel 7 moves it sufficiently
to take up the slack or back lash of the star wheel gearing and holds it
while the punching is effected.
Fig. 28 represents an elevation; and Fig. 29, a vertical section of a
hydraulic press according to our Invention for punching the tube holes
in plates along with the rivet holes surrounding them; Fig. 30 is a
plan of the follower looking from below; and Fig. 31 is a plan of the
lower part of the press. In the lower framing A we provide bearings,
in which we mount the trunnions of a die or matrix block B, which is
hollow in the middle, and which presents on its four sides four different
sizes or shapes of matrix, each matrix being formed of steel 6 let into the
face of the block. Some of these matrices, as b, may be for the plain
round tube holes of the different sizes suited to the two ends of the
taper tubes; whilst others of the matrices, as 61, are suited for the rivet
holes surrounding the tube holes. In like manner a punch block C is
mounted by trunnions in bearings in the follower D, and this block
presents on its four sides punches corresponding respectively to the
matrices of B. Although we have shewn in the Figures the blocks B
and C with four sides presenting four different punching faces, which
are all that are necessary for punching the tube and rivet holes in plates
intended to receive taper tubes, it is obvious that by making the blocks
polygonal a greater variety of punching forms might be presented by
them. The follower D is counterbalanced by levers and weights E
sufficient to raise it after punching; and its down stroke to effect
punching is effected by hydraulic pressure acting on a ram F which
works in a cylinder in the upper part of the framing. The plate to be
punched G is introduced over the matrix block B and under guard
bars H; water under pressure from an elevated head or accumulator is

page_text: admitted to act on the ram F, whereupon the follower and punch block
descends, punching the hole or set of holes in the plate.
The pressure
on F being then relieved the counterbalances E raise the follower and
punch block, whilst the bars H prevent the plate G from rising with
them. The trunnions of B and C are provided with stop pieces, against
which pawls I engage to hold the blocks in their several different
positions.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we claim,--
First. The use for bending sheets of metal to form welded tubes of
apparatus constructed and operating substantially as herein described
with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings,
wherein a mandril to which the sheet is clamped is caused to revolve
while the sheet is pressed against it by rollers, the sheet being thereby
bent round the mandril.
Second. The use for welding the lap joint of taper tubes of apparatus
constructed and operating substantially as herein described with reference
to Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings, wherein the
sheet bent to the taper form being inserted in a mould a taper mandril
is forcibly driven into its interior, so as to weld the lap joint by squeezing
it between the mandril and the mould.
Third. The use for flanging tubes of apparatus constructed and
operating substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 10
to 17 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings, wherein the tube to be
flanged has its projecting end bent outwards by means of rollers caused
to press against it while they revolve.
Fourth. The use for punching rivet holes equidistant in circular
flanges of apparatus constructed and operating substantially as herein
described with reference to Figs. 18 to 26 inclusive of the accompanying
Drawings, wherein the work to be operated on being fixed on an
adjustable revolving chuck with its flange presented to a reciprocating
punch is caused to turn the required part of a revolution at every stroke
of the punch.
Fifth. The use for punching the tube and rivet holes in boiler plates
of apparatus constructed and operating substantially as herein described
with reference to Figs. 28 to 31 inclusive of the accompanying

page_text: Drawings, wherein punching and matrix blocks presenting on their
several sides several different forms of punching are mounted by
trunnions in a press, so that they can be turned round to present the
required form.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Beckwith, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.
JOHN HENRY BECKWITH. (L.S.)