THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN PIPES, OR OTHER ARTICLES FROM CINDER OR REFUSE SLAG.
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Short, of Westwood, in the Parish of Selston,
in the County of Nottingham, Smith, Thomas Bowes Smeeton, of Under-
wood, in the said County of Nottingham, Farmer, and William Bowler, of
Butterley Park, in the Parish of Pentrich in the County of Derby,
Farmer, for the Invention "THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, DRAIN
PIPES, OR OTHER ARTICLES FROM CINDER OR REFUSE SLAG.
Sealed the 1st June 1860, and dated the 5th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Short, Thomas
Bowes Smeeton, and William Bowler at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th December 1859.
We, CHARLES SHORT, of Westwood, in the Parish of Selston, in the County
of Nottingham, Smith, THOMAS BOWES SMEETON, of Underwood, in the said
County of Nottingham, Farmer, and WILLIAM BOWLER, of Butterley Park, in
the Parish of Pentrich, in the County of Derby, Farmer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES,
DRAIN PIPES, OR OTHER ARTICLES FROM CINDER OR REFUSE SLAG," to be as
follows: -
Our Invention consists in manufacturing bricks, tiles, drain pipes, or other
articles from cinder or refuse slag; the refuse matters which we proposetouse
for the purposes of this our Invention, are the cinders or slags formed in the

page_text: processes of manufacturing, puddling, or refining iron. These cinders or slags
are crystalline in their structure, metallic in appearance, and contain iron or
copper in various proportions, combined withsilicaandotherearthysubstances.
We propose to use these refuse materials while they are in a fluid state, that
fluidity being derived either from the heat of the smelting stacks or furnaces
in which they are first formed, or from their being afterwards remelted in any
convenient manner. The molten slag or refuse matters may be used to
form various useful articles, such as bricks, tiles, drain pipes,or other articles;
and in order to communicate to the fluid mass such shape or form as may
be desired, a convenient quantity is to be run into iron or other suitable
moulds similar to those used for obtaining metal or other castings; other
articles may also be cast in suitable moulds.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Short, Thomas Bowes Smeeton, and William Boyler
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th June 1860.
то
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
SHORT, of Westwood, in the Parish of Selston, in the County of Nottingham,
Smith, THOMAS BOWES SMEETON, of Underwood, in the said County of Notting-
ham, Farmer, and WILLIAM BOWLER, of Butterley l'ark, in the Parish of
Pentrich, in the County of Derby, Farmer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Eler most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Charles Short, Thomas Bowes Smeeton, and William Bowler, Her
special licence that we, the said Charles Short, Thomas Bowes Smeeton, and
William Bowler, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Charles Short, Thomas Bowes Smeeton, and William
Bowler, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRICKS. TILES, DRAIN PIPES, OR OTHER ARTICLES FROM CINDER OR REFUSE SLAG,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we,the said Charles Short, Thomas
Bowes Smeeton, and William Bowler, our executors or administrators, byan
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand

page_text: and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Short, Thomas Bowes
Smeeton, and William Bowler, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:
Our Invention consists in manufacturing bricks, tiles, drain pipes, and other
articles from cinder or refuse slag. The refuse matters which we thus propose
to use for the purposes of this our Invention, that is to say, as material for the
manufacture of bricks, tiles, drain pipes, and other articles, are the cinders or
slags formed in the processes of manufacturing, puddling, or refining iron.
These cinders or slags are crystalline in their structure and metallic in appear-
ance, and contain iron or copper in various proportions, combined with silica
and other earthy substances; and we propose to use these cinders or refuse
slags while they are in a fluid state, such state of fluidity being derived either
from the heat of the smelting stacks or furnaces in which they are first formed
or from their being subsequently remelted in any convenient manner. These
molten slags or cinders may be used to form bricks, tiles, drain pipes, and
various other articles; and in order to communicate to the fluid mass such
shape or form as may be desired, a convenient quantity thereof is to be run
iuto iron or other suitable moulds similar to those used for obtaining metal
or other castings.
Having thus set forth the nature and object of our said Invention, we
now proceed to describe the manner in which the same may be carried into
practical effect.
The cinders or slags constituting the material which we propose to use for
the purposes of our Invention are those which are of metallic appearance and
more or less crystalline in structure, and which contain iron or other metal in
various proportions, combined with silica and other earthy substances. These
refuse matters are probably called by various names, but it is easy by the
foregoing description to recognize the sort of material intended; they are to be
used while in a state of fluidity, produced either by the heat of the furnace in
which they are first formed, or by subsequently remelting them in any con-
venient mode. And in order to produce or form the bricks, tiles, drain pipes,
or other articles required, the cinder or slag in this molten or fluid condition

page_text: is to be poured into iron or other moulds similar to those used for iron or other
castings of the required shape for imparting to the materials the desired form
of brick or other article, or is run on to slabs,sheets, or plates, forming a mould
when slabs or like forms are required. These moulds are placed upon a turn-
table or other mechanical contrivance suitable for receiving or supporting the
moulds, and being thus supplied with the material are allowed to remain ten
or more minutes so that the material may have become set, when the bricks
or other castings are removed from the moulds by the aid of a pair of suitable
tongs or by a peel, and are at once transferred to a suitable annealing furnace
previously heated, and are there left to cool gradually, sayforfive or six days,or
less time if that will suffice, as would probably be the case, and when cold the
bricks, tiles, slabs, or other articles so manufactured are removed therefrom
and are ready for sale or use. If desirable to cut, perforate, mark, or orna-
ment the bricks or other articles produced as described, the same may be
effected by having the desired perforation, mark, cut, or ornament made or
engraved upon the moulds previous to their receiving the molten fluid.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is the
manufacturing bricks, tiles, drain pipes, and other articles from cinder or refuse
slag, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Short and Thomas Bowes
Smeeton, for ourselves and on behalf of the said William Bowler,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of June,
. in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
GEO. JON. ROBINSON, Patent Agent,
Nottingham.
THOS B. SMEETON. (L.S.)