Improved Calculating Apparatus.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 25th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 25th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Calculating Apparatus.
I THOMAS RIGBYE GLOVER of 43 King's Cross Road, London W.C. Insurance
Accountant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
A. marked on a drawing herewith, of a section of the apparatus, shows an
arrangement of multiples of the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 by 7, 4, 2 and 1
respectively. Such multiples are repeated in drawing, in such position in respect
to last five of ten places as will occur in the apparatus, which is devised to multiply
any given multiplicands up to ten, by any other given multipliers up to ten, and
show the product by simple single additions of vertically exposed rows of figures.
The single additions to be made on the apparatus will always be equal in number to
the figures of the product, as in case of 10x 10 numerals = a product of 20 numerals.
The other half section of the apparatus had it been shown in an accompanying
drawing, would only show in repetition the first half section as here actually
rendered, with the slight difference however that the exact figures as shown at A..
would in their continued repetition naturally increase at the closing lines the spaces
or places on left hand to ten, and on right hand to none or zero unit.
a. The figures or multiples under A will be printed, or otherwise reproduced in
their entirety, but so as to allow the respective multiplicands to be made inter-
changeable and also then dovetail closely together, a special cutter will be used to
make ten distinct cuts as in the form denoted by the two wavy looking lines
marked (a).
B. in the "multiplying slide" is a vertical chamfered cut or opening which
passing over A. in ths of an inch steps, allows only the required figures,
necessary for additions of the products to be exposed row by row or line by line in
an upward direction.
C. in the "multiplying slide" represents in an up and down row sliding shutters
(forty in all) covering or uncovering portions of cut or opening B. in such way as
may be found requisite by the operator in working the apparatus.
.D. in the "multiplying slide as being stamped engraved or otherwise produced,
indicates which of the closed sliding shutters C. are to be left alone when less than
ten numerals are used as multipliers. Just before apparatus is brought into use for
calculation the whole of cut or opening B. should be completely closed. If the
multiplier be an eight figure one, places 10 and 9 are naturally left closed up, and.
operator cominences to open slides at place 8.
E. in the multiplying slide indicates as opposite respective numerals (E.) which
of the sliding shutters C. should be opened for the purpose of working out a
desired calculation.
F. indicates as at top and bottom of the apparatus where racks working on fixed
pinions will be placed for the purpose of running easily and in a true direction the
multiplying slide," step by step over figures.A, for exactness and rapidity in
obtaining the required result by addition.
As an example of how to work the apparatus, its full power may be instanced in
10 x 10 figures, or say 4,826,048,260 × 7,418,529,634. Take multiplicand slips,
4 being first place same into first space on left, then follow with 8. 2, 6, 0, 4, 8, 2, 6
and 0, in rotation, look after, that figures showing through "multiplicand holes"
correspond. Then for multipliers open on "multiplying slide," commencing at
place 10, slide opposite 7. At place 9 slide 4. At place 8, slide 1. At place 7,
slides 7 and 1. At place 6, slides 4 and 1. At place 5 slide 2. At place 4
At place 3, slides 4 and 2. At place 2 slides 2 and 1.
And at
The product then only remains to be obtained by passing step by
slides 7 and 2.
place 1 slide 4.

page_text: step (simple mechanism prevents overshoot) the "multiplying slide" over A. putting
down the result as in ordinary simple addition.
Thith 1
1801
THOS. R. GLOVER,
Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Calculating Apparatus.
I, THOMAS RIGBYE GLOVER of 11 Wharton Street, Lloyd Square, London
W.C. Insurance Accountant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The apparatus or machine furnishes the product by simple addition of certain
exposed numerals, of any number of figures (multiplicands) multiplied by any other
number of figures (multipliers) where either the multiplicands or the multipliers do
not exceed ten places each. The invention could be adapted to the multiplication
of higher numbers than ten places of multiplicands and multipliers respectively if it
would serve any practical purpose.
The sections shown in drawing are adapted to the purpose of an eight figure
apparatus or machine, as being of a power likely to be found most generally useful.
The dimensions of a machine of this power will be eighteen inches (length) by
twelve inches (width).
The figures marked A. in drawing are the multiples respectively of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 0 (and are thus numbered at top and marked A' on drawing as purposed
to serve as a multiplicand index) multiplied respectively by 7, 4, 2 and 1. For
use as multipliers these four figures, (7, 4, 2 and 1), all the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8 and 9 are thus obtainable, as 1 and 2
= 3. 4 and 15. 4 and 2 = 6.
7 and 18 and 7 and 2 = 9.
For convenient and economical utilisation of the multiples marked A. on drawing,
and their necessary successive repetition under each other, they will be first.set up
in type and copies obtained by the electrotype process and therefrom printed on
nine line (ths of inch) sheets of celluloid. In setting up the type an exact
space of one-fourth of an inch square will be allowed to each figure, and the
repetitions of them, except the index ones marked A' on drawing.
If for an
eight figure machine the figures marked A. will occur as repeats eight times or for
a ten figure machine the repeats will count as ten sets on whole, but each repeat of
the figures shown as A. in drawing will be successively moved a quarter of an inch
vertically from left to right.
The best material for carrying out the invention was found to be celluloid, if the
difficulty of non-permanence of matter printed thereon could be obviated, which
was effected in the following way :-Celluloid cuttings placed in methylated
alcohol, submitted to gentle heat and afterwards cooled, then more methylated
spirit was added until the solution was but slightly viscid. The printed celluloid
strips or sheets were carefully passed through the solution while warm, allowed to
drip over the solution for the superfluity to return, and then allowed to dry, the
result of this process is that a translucent covering preserves the printed matter.
If the printed celluloid was dipped in the celluloid solution when cold a clouded or
opaque covering appeared on the surface, this I discovered was removable by using
olive oil and afterwards gently rubbing dry.
After the celluloid sheets or strips have been printed, and the printing, given
permanency the multiplicand strips have to be cut into the form shown by the
section marked A* on drawing. A. fret or band saw will cut the strips into the
form required, repeated cuts at exactly one quarter of an inch interval being made
in the printed sheet, following curved lines as at A. A³ and A
The bed of the apparatus marked C. will be formed of hard close grained wood,

page_text: with th inch thick, sheet brass ends C² sunk by wood portion being cut or sunk so
as to form one level top surface. The brass ends will extend over or overlap the
wood by about half an inch.
On the extreme right of the bed will be fixed as marked D. D. the two celluloid
blanks, as cut from the two ends of the sheet furnishing the interchangeable.
"multiplicands" marked on drawing A leaving a space of two inches marked A.
running diagonally from left to right for eight interchangeable "multiplicands."
At the top of the bed to the right will be affixed a piece of brass marked E. with
holes or perforations, under which the tops of the interchangeable "multiplicands
will be run and fixed in position, and the holes or perforations will show the
respective multiplicands, marked as A' in drawing. A glance will check the
figures of the multiplicands as being correctly placed or not.
"""
To keep the multiplicands flat and in place a rib of thin translucent celluloid
or talc will be secured midway over the two inch space required to set eight
multiplicands, under which they will be passed upward. To secure the multiplicand
strips at the foot of the bed a hinged bar of brass marked F. will be put over them
and fastened by a catch on the other side.
At both top and bottom of the apparatus bed there will be pieces of seven and
one-quarter inch long brass slotted out to a depth of about half an inch to run on
the th inch brass ends of the bed. The under portion of these runners will be
rack cut to correspond with pinions at the ends of a rod marked H. running from
top to bottom of the middle portion of the apparatus below the level of bed C.
This rod will revolve in two bushes marked I. fixed to the top and bottom brass
ends of the bed. Secured or affixed to the top and bottom racked runners
marked G. the slide for multipliers marked B. will find its place, it being a little
over the same length as the bed.
To a projecting part at the bottom end of the rod and pinions marked H. a fine.
cut rachet wheel marked K. of about 1 inches diameter is attached, but between
this wheel and the pinion, as having the rod for its centre, is a pawl and thumb-
piece marked L. projecting over the rachet wheel, which pawl is kept off the wheel
by the weight of the thumb-piece until put in action. To this thumb-piece and
pawl is also attached a spiral spring marked M. which throws it back to its former
position against a fixed stop marked N. after it has been pushed to an adjustable
stop marked O. such a distance as represents running the slide B. to the left
one-quarter of an inch.
Near the outside circumference of the rachet wheel K. a knob marked K¹
revolving on its own axis is fixed to it. This enables an operator to quickly move
the slide in either direction to its extremity without obstruction, owing to the pawl
acting on the rachet wheel only when the thumb piece is pressed.
The slide B serves to set out all required multipliers thus:-
*
".
As illustrated by section B2, and complete section as representative of eight
places of multipliers" there are four shutters, from which by the numerals given
opposite, any one of the whole nine numerals is obtainable. If 9 be the 8th place
multiplier open shutters 7 and 2. If it be 8 open shutters 7 and 1.
If 6, open
shutters 4 and 2. If 5, open shutters 4 and 1. If 3, open shutters 2 and 1.
When a cypher occurs amongst the multipliers, all the shutters in the place
where it is, remain closed. The shutters being opened at all the "places
representing the required multipliers, and the required multiplicands having
previously been put in position, at A. the slide for multipliers is run to the right
extremity stop, and the addition of the figures exposed through the quarter inch
opening B gives by addition the figure of the first product, then pressing the
thumb piece to its stop, the second product appears for addition, and so on seriatim,
until no further figures present themselves for addition.
A rod marked P. passes from top to bottom of slide B on its right hand side, the
shutters when open rest on this rod an attachment piece at each end of rod is.
pivotted opposite the middle of the shutters or opening, which lifting through a.

page_text: projecting piece at bottom, closes all the shutters that are at the time open, by one
movement or stroke.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be formed, I declare that what I
claim is :―
1. The method of placing multiples of any two figures in the way specified
herein and making them interchangeable, the tens of one multiple appearing under
the units of another, thus making it possible as herein shown to obtain the products
of multiples to large numbers of places by simple and easy manipulation, and by
simple addition only.
2. The use of celluloid, with printed matter thereon made indelible for the
purposes of the calculating apparatus as explained herein.
3. The method of running a slide step by step over certain prepared multiples,
and by shutter openings exposing at one single moment the figures, and those
figures only, which are necessary to give the required product line by line by
simple vertical additions.
Dated this 24th day of March 1892.
THOS. R. GLOVER,
Applicant.