IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR FELTING AND FINISHING HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR WASHING תז.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Roughsedge Wallwork, of the firm of Henry Wallwork
& Co of Union Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster
Engineers and Ironfounders for an invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR FELTING AND FINISHING HATS OR COVERINGS
FOR THE HEAD, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR
WASHING
תז.
CHORVIVA
PLAINING "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Roughsedge Wallwork at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1882.
ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co. of Union
Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Iron-
founders, "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR FELTING AND
FINISHING HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE FOR WASHING AND CHURNING MACHINES,"
Firstly, My invention relates to arrangements and combinations of mechanism
to be used for felting hats, or for domestic or other washing, and consists of a
series of discs secured at any desired angle, on an axis with spaces between them.
The axis has bearings in and is carried by two arms from a horizontal shaft in
bearings upon the frame of the machine, and this shaft or axis with angular discs,
is rotated by a toothed chain or wheels in gear with a wheel rotating on the shaft
carrying the two arms, which wheel is driven by a hand wheel, or by pulleys and
a belt.
The shaft for the arms, has outside the vessel, an adjustable arm upon one end,
for a weight to press the shaft and angular discs towards the bottom of a ribbed
trough or vessel which holds water or washing liquor and the hat bodies to be
felted or the clothes to be washed.
A modification of the above described mechanism is used as a churn. The vessel
for the churn is made with an axis or handle at one end and the axis inside the
vessel has a slot to receive one end of the shaft with angular discs upon it, the
other end of the shaft, is also received in a slot at the other end of the vessel; the
Dine 71

page_text: shaft or axis being kept in its place by dove tail slides which are retained in
position by the lid of the churn when it is secured by screws.
Thus arranged the interior mechanism of the churn can be readily removed and
cleaned out, and as readily replaced.
Secondly, My invention relates to machinery for finishing hats, that is, for
performing that operation where the hat is placed on a block or shape and rapidly
rotated while sand paper or other material is held upon its surface, this operation
being termed “velouring," and my invention consists in improved combinations
and arrangements of mechanism for the purpose.
The block for the bat has two holes in it to fit two pegs on a slide which slides
in a slot formed diametrically in a face plate rotating on a vertical shaft in suitable
bearings.
This shaft has a bevel pulley upon it, faced, with paper, which is driven by
contact with another bevel pulley on a horizontal shaft.
Under the face plate there is another plate which can partly rotate concentrically
with and upon the boss or bearing for the vertical shaft of the face plate.
This oscillating plate has a handle by which it can be moved, and its boss has
inclines upon it that fit corresponding inclines upon the boss or bearing for the
shaft so that when oscillated one way the plate rises and lifts the face plate and
vertical shaft and thus its bevel pulley out of contact with the driving pulley, and
when moved the other way the pulley is lowered again into contact, and thus the
rotary motion of the face plate is stopped and started.
Upon the oscillating plate there is a stud which forms the fulcrum for an
adjustable lever, which lever has a large hole in it, which when the lever is in the
middle position will be concentric with the vertical shaft.
Within this hole in the lever a ring is fitted so that it can rotate, and the
herein before named slide in the face plate is connected with this ring by causing
one of the pins to screw into it, and thus when the face plate is rotated the ring
is rotated with it, but as the lever in which the ring rotates can be moved and
secured on the oscillating plate so as to be more or less excentric to the vertical
shaft to suit each size of hat, the slide carrying the pins and consequently the block
and hat, has excentric as well as rotary motion, and thus one side where the rubber
is applied remains nearly in the same position.
In place of one ring and one connection between the ring and slide, there may
be two segments of a ring, each connected with the slide, and these segments are
arranged to rotate in an annular groove in the adjustable lever, or between a hole
in that lever and an inside ring.
Another modification of my invention consists in mounting the face plate and
hat block on a vertical axis having bearings in a slide or in a lever; a disc or
pulley of the size and shape of the hat being secured on the vertical axis, which is
pressed by a spring connected with the slide or lever carrying the shaft, against a
constantly rotating pulley when the hat is to be rotated. In this case a shape
pulley" is used for each different size and shape of hat to be operated upon.
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Roughsedge Wallwork in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd September 1882.
ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co. of Union
Bridge Iron Works, Manchester in the County of Lancaster Engineers and Iron-
founders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINES FOR FELTING AND
FINISHING HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE FOR WASHING AND CHURNING MACHINES,'
"
Firstly, My invention relates to arrangements and combinations of mechanism
to be used for felting hats, or for domestic or other washing, and consists of a
series of discs secured at any desired angle, on an axis with spaces between them.
The axis has bearings in, and is carried by two arms from a horizontal shaft in
bearings upon the frame of the machine, and this shaft or axis with angular discs
is rotated by a toothed chain or wheels in gear with a wheel rotating on the shaft
carrying the two arms, which wheel is driven by a hand wheel or by pulleys and
& belt.
The shaft for the arms has outside the vessel, an adjustable arm upon one end
for a weight or spring to press the shaft and angular discs towards the bottom of a
ribbed trough or vessel which holds water or washing liquor, and the hat bodies to
be felted or the clothes to be washed.
A modification of the above described mechanism is used as a churn or for
washing hat bodies.
The vessel for the churn is made with an axis or handle at one end, and the
axis inside the vessel has a slot to receive one end of the shaft with angular discs
upon it, the other end of the shaft is also received in a slot at the other end of the
vessel;
the shaft or axis being kept in its place by dove-tail slides which are retained
in position by the lid of the churn when it is secured by screws or by other
means.
Thus arranged the interior mechanism of the churn can be readily removed and
cleaned out and as readily replaced, and when used for washing hat bodies the
arrangement allows them to be easily removed from the vessel.
Secondly, My invention relates to machinery for finishing hats, that is, for
performing that operation where the hat is placed on a block or shape, and rapidly
rotated while sand paper or other material is held upon its surface, this operation
being termed "velouring" and my invention consists in improved combinations
and arrangements of mechanism for the purpose.
The block for the hat has two holes in it to fit two pegs on a slide which slides
in a slot formed diametrically in a face plate rotating on a vertical shaft in suitable
bearings.
This shaft has a bevel pulley upon it, faced with paper which is driven by
contact with another bevel pulley on a horizontal shaft.
Under the face plate there is another plate which can partly rotate concentrically
with and upon the boss or bearing for the vertical shaft of the face plate.
This oscillating plate has a handle by which it can be moved, and its boss has
inclines upon it that fit corresponding inclines upon the boss or bearing for the
shaft, so that when oscillated one way the plate rises and lifts the face plate and
vertical shaft, and thus its bevel pulley out of contact with the driving pulley, and
when moved the other way the pulley is lowered again into contact, and thus the
rotary motion of the face plate is stopped and started. Upon the oscillating plate,
there is a stud which forms the fulcrain for an adjustable lever which lever has a

page_text: large hole in it, which when the lever is in the middle position will be concentric
with the vertical shaft. Within this hole in the lever a ring is fitted so that it can
rotate, and the herein before named slide in the face plate is connected with this
ring by causing one of the pins to enter or screw into it, and thus, when the face
plate is rotated the ring is rotated with it, but as the lever in which the ring
rotates can be moved and secured on the oscillating plate so as to be more or less
excentric to the vertical shaft to suit each size of hat the slide carrying the pins
and consequently the block and hat has an excentric as well as rotary motion,
and thus one side where the rubber is applied remains nearly in the same
position.
In place of one ring and one connection between the ring and slide there may be
two segments of a ring each connected with the slide or slides and these segments
are arranged to rotate in an angular groove in the adjustable lever or between a
hole in that lever and an inside ring. Another modification of my invention
consists in mounting the face plate and hat block on a vertical axis having bearings
in a slide or in a lever, a disc or pulley of the size and shape of the hat being
secured on the vertical axis which is pressed by a spring connected with the slide
or lever carrying the shaft against a constantly rotating pulley when the hat is to
be rotated. Or the face plate is rotated by any suitable means while the shape
rotates against a fixed pulley. In this case a shape pulley" is used for each
different size and shape of hat to be operated upon.
Fig 1 is a front elevation, figs 2 and 3 are end elevations and fig 4 is a plan
view of a machine according to the first part of my invention, for felting or
"planking" hat bodies or for domestic washing.
"
a is a frame carrying the vessel b formed of wood or other suitable material;
b¹ being a shelf attached to the outside of the vessel.
In the interior of the vessel b, there are a series of ribs 62 with spaces between,
as shown in full line in fig 4, and in dotted line in the other figures.
c is a shaft having bearings in brackets 63 on the outside of the vessel b, which
shaft has an arm c¹ secured upon it at each end, each of these arms passing through
a slot in one of the upper sides of the vessel b, into its inside and coming close to
the two ends of the vessel b without touching them,
The ends of these two arms c¹ form the bearings for the pivots of a rotating
shaft formed by a square rod or round rod with a key lengthways on which a
series of discs care placed with oblique washers c¹ having square holes to fit the
shaft, or a groove to fit the key between them, (or the discs have bosses formed
upon them) the whole being secured together by a screw nut at one end or a nut
at both ends of the rod or shaft c².
This mode of securing oblique discs on a shaft is applicable to other arrangements
of machines for planking or felting.
The arm c' at one end is of box form, that side being open that comes nearest
the side of the vessel b.
The end of the shaft c³ passes through the bearing in this arm, and a wheel is
secured upon it for a pitched or jointed chain c shown in dotted line which works
upon another wheel on a boss c loose on the shaft c, which boss has the fast
pulley c7 or hand wheel c' formed upon or attached to it, for driving the machine.
a
The shaft c is oscillated to cause the arms c¹ to press the discs c³ more or less
towards the ribs or surfaces 6 at the bottom of the vessel b by an arm chaving
weight at the end (or a spring is or may be arranged to act on this arm) which
arm is loose on the end of the shaft c but can be secured at any desired angle to
give more or less pressure by a screw nut in a part fast to the shaft C, which
screw passes through a slot in a part of the arm c³ concentric with the shaft c.
When desired the oscillating shaft is turned on its axis to lift the shaft with
oblique discs out of the vessel.
In some cases a series of rollers d inside the washing vessel free to rotate on
suitable pivots are or may be used in place of the ribs, as shown in fig 2 in dotted
line, or two large rollers d as shown in fig 2, are or may be used in place of the

page_text: small rollers, the vessel being in that case made deep enough to admit of the large
rollers.
Fig 5 is a front, and fig 6 an end elevation and fig 7 a plan (with the lid
removed) of a modification under the first part of my invention suitable for churning
or for washing hat bodies.
a is a frame; b the vessel for the liquid; bx the lid secured by jointed swivel
screws b' which are turned on the joint to come into slots in the ends of the lid b×
as shown in fig 5, when it is to be secured.
There is a bush at one end of the vessel to form a bearing for one end of the
shaft c of the agitator and another bush and stuffing box 65 at the other end of
the vessel b to form the bearing of a short shaft b which has a slot across its end
to receive and drive the end of the shaft of the agitator, which has two or more
discs placed upon it in an oblique position.
These discs for churns have or may have ribs c* across the discs, but for washing
hat bodies the ribs need not be used.
Fig 8 is a sectional elevation, fig 9 an elevation looking at the end of the
driving shaft, and tig 10 a plan of parts on a larger scale to show the arrangement
of the driving shaft.
The end of the shaft be, has a groove in it to fit a part on the end of the shaft c
of the agitator, the ends of which pass down grooves formed by ribs b' inside the
vessel b which grooves conduct the ends of the shaft to their bearings.
The bush 65 has a gap in its upper edge to allow the pivot to pass through into
the groove at the end of the driving shaft be, and this gap is or may be closed by
the projection on the end of a dove tail piece 68 slided into the space between the
ribs which will be held down when the lid 6x is screwed on, or by any other
suitable means.
Fig 11 is a front and fig 12 a side elevation, and fig 13 a plan illustrating one
modification according to the second part of my invention.
Fig 14 is a sectional elevation and fig 15 a plan on an enlarged scale detached
to show the parts more clearly.
a, framing; b, horizontal driving shaft, with a bevel pulley 6' upon it, that can
work against and drive a bevel pulley c¹ faced with paper or other material on a
vertical shaft c, in suitable bearings on the framing.
The upper bearing a' for the vertical shaft c, has inclines upon it, and there are
corresponding inclines on a plate or arm d above the bearing that can oscillate
round the vertical shaft c which has also a bearing in the plate or arm d and it is
by moving this plate in one direction that the inclines upon it slide upon those on
the bearing a¹ and lift the vertical shaft c, so that the bevel pulley cupon it will.
be brought out of contact with the driving pulley b¹ and by moving the plate d in
the contrary direction these bevel pulleys will again be brought into contact.
Upon the plate or arm d, another arm or lever e is jointed on a screw e¹.and this
arme has a large hole in its centre which by moving the arm can be brought
concentric with, or more or less excentric to the vertical shaft c, and when adjusted
to the required excentricity it is secured to the plate d by a screw d¹ passing
through a segmental slot in the arm e.
Into the large hole in the arm e there is a ring e² fitted so that it can rotate in
the hole in the arın; and in the face plate c secured to or formed upon the vertical
shaft c there is a diametrical slot in which a slide f is fitted so as to move to and
fro in the slot.
This slide f is connected with the ringe by a pin f¹ which screws through the
slide f, and screws or passes into a hole in the ring e³, and this pin f' and another
in the slide projects above the face plate c², and also serves to hold and carry the
block upon which the hats are placed to be operated upon.
The slide fis further held down in its slot by a plate or disc
face plate by screws.
secured to the
When the vertical shaft c, and its face plate c² rotates, the pin fl passing into
the ring e pulls it round also, and the ring e thus gives more or less movement to

page_text: the slide f¹ according to the extent of excentricity at which the ring is placed in
relation to the vertical shaft c.
Where separate frames are not used for each machine, the part a¹ containing the
upper bearing of the vertical shaft c is or may be bolted to a bench.
Figs 16 and 17 are views corresponding respectively to figs 14 and 15 illustrating
another modification the same as that shown by figs 14 and 15 with the following
exceptions.
Instead of an entire ring e², two segments of it e³ are used, and there is a ring et
employed inside the segments to keep them close against the hole in the arm e, and
both pins f' for the hat block screw through the slide blocks f* into the segments
of the ring, that is, one into each segment. In some cases the segments
may be placed in an annular groove formed in the arm e.
are or
Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation and fig 19 a plan illustrating another modification
under the second head of my invention.
x, represents a bench of wood or other material to which a plate g³ is secured
forming a bearing for the upper end of a vertical shaft c having its lower end in
any suitable bearing, the vertical shaft is driven by cone pulleys or by any
convenient means.
с
The vertical shaft c has a pulley cupon it which will drive by frictional contact
another pulley on the end of a short shaft cx in an arm g, the upper end of
which shaft has the face plate c³ upon it with the pins to carry round the hat block
for the hats to be operated upon.
The arm g carrying the short shaft c* is on a fulcrum g¹ on the arm or part g³
secured to the bench or framing x.
The pulley co on the lower end of the short shaft cx is of the shape and size of
the hat to be operated upon, and is secured on the shaft to correspond with the
block on the face plate c², and a pulley c of corresponding shape and size is used
for each different size of the hats to be operated upon.
The arm g is pressed upon by a spring of sufficient elasticity and power (which
is or may be acted upon by an adjusting screw g') to bring and keep the shape
pulley against the driving pulley c, and the spring g³ is prevented from pressing
Co
the pulleys in contact when the face plate is not to be rotated by a handle and
cam piece g³ jointed on the arm or frame g² which comes against a projection from
the arm g carrying the short shaft cx. The pulley c" and shape pulley is or
may be made with V grooves similar to frictional gearing to give inore driving
adhesion if required.
I sometimes make the shape pulley c as a cone pulley and drive it by another
cone pulley on a horizontal shaft
By another modification the axis c* of the face plate is driven by a band or belt
working on a pulley on the axis c*, and' one on a shaft in a line with the axis g¹
of the lever g, or it is driven by any other convenient arrangement and in this
case the shape pulley merely presses and works against another pulley free to
rotate, and will thus give lateral movements to the axis c* keeping one side of the
hat at the same position.
I have now particularly described the nature of my said invention and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, and claim as my invention.
Firstly, The combination of a shaft carrying a series of oblique discs with arms
on an oscillating shaft and the weighting of the latter by an arm and weight or
spring, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated
by figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings.
Secondly. The mode of constructing rollers or rubbers for felting or "planking"
machines by placing discs or their equivalents obliquely on a square or round shaft
with a key length-way and with oblique washers between them, or placing discs
with bosses formed upon them upon such shafts, and securing them together by a
screw or screws at the end or ends of the shaft substantially as bereinbefore
described in reference to figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for felting or

page_text: "1
planking" hat bodies or for washing, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings.
Fourthly. The arrangements by which the agitator can be removed and replaced
and rotated, substantially as herein before described and illustrated by figs 7 to 10
inclusive of the drawings.
Fifthly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for churning or
washing, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 7 to 10 of
the drawings.
Sixthly. The use of a ring which can be placed more or less excentric to a
rotating face plate for actuating a slide carried by the face plate, substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 11 to 15
inclusive of the drawings.
Seventhly, The combinations and arrangements of the mechanism, substantially
as, and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by figs 14 and 15
and figs 16 and 17 of the drawings.
Eighthly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism, substantially as and
for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by figs 11 to 15 inclusive of
the drawings.
Ninthly. The use of a pulley of the size and shape of the hat for giving rotary
motion or lateral movements or both to the axis of the face plate, substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 18 and 19 of the
drawings.
Tenthly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism, substantially as, and
for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by figs 18 and 19 of the
drawings.
In Witness whereof, I the said Roughsedge Wallwork have hereunto set
my hand and seal this thirty first day of August in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.