IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frédéric Lombard; Machinist, of Paris,
4
(Empire of France,) and of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 9th April 1858, and dated the 10th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederic Lombard
. at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th October 1857.
I, GEORGE FREDERIC LOMBARD, Machinist, of Paris, (Empire of France,)
and of 45, Essex-Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows, and consists in using as a fulcrum the lateral sides of the cylin-
der, and to place there two pistons.
This cylinder may have 'two bottoms, in the center of which the piston
rods may pass, but I find it preferable to suppress the bottoms of the
cylinder and to make use of articulated rods for transmitting the force
received from the pistons to the several parts. By this arrangement the
steam comes between the two pistons, and urges them from each other;
this allows me to use once more and instantly the elasticity of the steam.
For bringing back the pistons into their first position a single acting:
engine may be employed, by which the pistons may be brought back by.
means of the fly, but I prefer to construct a machine with two cylinders
רנס..D

page_text: acting alternately. Those cylinders could be made of the same or of
different sizes. They receive each the steam from the boiler, but if it
be preferred, they could be made so that one cylinder should receive
the steam after it has produced its effect in the other.
I prefer, however, to employ the steam from the boiler in the two
cylinders in which each piston acts alternately, and to make use again of
the said steam on leaving the cylinders, so as to add to the working
power of the machine.
To obtain this effect I propose to use, with my new combination, a
fly wheel, so as to overcome the inertia; I add to this fly wheel a box
containing inclined planes, such as those made use of in water wheels.
The steam comes through the center of the fly, (and leaves at the circum-
ference through an opening. This steam, when leaving, impinges against
the inclined planes of the box, and acts by reaction when escaping into
the atmosphere.
The steam may be conducted through tubes so as to heat the feeding.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Frédéric Lombard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE.
FREDERIC LOMBARD, Machinist, of Paris, Empire of France,, and of 45,
Essex Street, Strand, London, send greeting..
LI
...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said George Frédéric Lombard, Her special licence that
I, the said George Frédéric Lombard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Frédéric Lombard, my
exccutors, administrators; and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Frédéric Lombard, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
j
ال

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the.nature. of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and.cause the same to be
filed in the Great: Seal Patent Office. within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said. George: Frederic: Lombard, do hereby
déclare the nature of my said, Invention, and in what manner the same
ist to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My Invention.consists in the application of two pistons working simul-
taneously into the: same: cylinder, in: the coupling or joining of two
cylinders to the same engine, the whole in combination with a fly. wheel
which admits the steam through its center, when the same has produced
its effective work, to act again on its: issuing from the periphery of the
said fly wheel, upon certain inclined planes similar to such as are used
for water wheels; said inclined planes: being arranged in. the inside of a
box, which encloses the fly wheel.
The annexed: Drawings illustrate the application of my new system of
steam engines, Fig. 1, being a horizontal projection or a plan; Fig. 2, a
vertical section, which is supposed to pass through the line a, b, of Fig. 1;
and Fig. 3 being an elevation of the part opposite to Fig. 2; in this Fig. 3,
one side of the box m is supposed to be taken away in order to show the
fly, wheel o, and the stationary paddles 'n.
This engine consists of two cylinders .a, borne on two uprights b, which
support the entablature: c. The beams g are also jointed to two con-
necting rods h, which at their opposite ends are connected with the
knob or projection of the crank i by. a cross bar 6' connecting the
uprights.b.to those 62, and at the other end the shaft j bears on the
support . On the shaft.j by means of a strap a pulley is keyed, which
transmits the force generated. by steam in this new engine.
Between the two bearings, the shaft j passes through a cylindrical
box m, leaning on a support m', which box m is provided in the interior
of its circumference with certain inclined paddles 'n (Fig. 3), in the
center of which a fly wheel o turns, keyed on the shaft j, and which
has on its periphery a notch o¹, communicating through a pipe p with
the interior of the shaft j, made hollow for the purpose of admitting the
steam which issues from'the cylinders a.
Two boxes q enclosing the slides r admit the steam from a generator
through the pipes.s, and an eccentric timounted on the shaft j causes
the steam to be alternately distributed into the cylinders a, and to be

page_text: forced out through the openings
v
by means of the rods u, thence to
start through the pipe p into the notch o¹ of the fly wheel o, in order
to act upon the stationary paddles n; the steam after that escapes through
the pipe n into the atmosphere.
The steam proceeding from the generator produces its effective action
in the cylinders a by setting the pistons e apart from each other, which
allows of the re-application of the steam by its expansion. Whilst this
movement is taking place, the pistons of the opposite cylinder come near
to each other, and the steam is introduced between them; the steam of
the first cylinder passes through one of the pipes u into the pipe p, and
issues from the circumference of the fly wheel o through the notch o¹;
on coming out it acts upon the stationary paddles n, thus causing the
fly wheel to turn in the direction of the arrow, which is the same that
is imparted to the shaft j by the crank i, which receives it from the
connecting rods h, linked with the beams g operated by the connect-
ing rods f and the pistons e.
It will be easily understood that the steam thus acting alternately
between two pairs of pistons will still produce an effective work by its
further action upon the inside paddles of a wheel for operating a fly
wheel, the force of which is an addition to that of steam in the two
cylinders.
It may be sometimes preferable to arrange the engine as shown at
Fig. 4, where the two beams g are linked by the two oblique rods x to
the connecting rod y, which imparts force and motion to the crank w
mounted upon the shaft of the fly wheel, enclosed as in the foregoing
figures in a box from which the steam escapes through a pipe n².
Although in the said instance the steam produces its effective action
between each pair of pistons only, it is evident that I may arrange the
engine in such a manner that the steam shall act alternately beneath and
above the pistons, still preserving the use of the steam after it has been
acting into the cylinders, to be usefully exerted into a chamber which
encloses a fly wheel.
Having thus set forth the nature of my Invention and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that what I claim as new and my Invention, is,-
The use of two pistons in the same cylinder, and the use of two
cylinders provided with two pistons in such a manner that every pair of
pistons shall act alternately, the whole imparting a continuous circular
motion.

page_text: And I claim also the use of a box provided with inclined planes upon
which the steam comes to strike as it issues through the periphery of the
ly wheel, in order to impart a continuous circular motion.
Let it be well understood that the same principle may be equally
pplied to both high and low-pressure engines.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Frédéric Lombard, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
GEORGE LOMBARD. (L.S.)