Improvements in Apparatus or Machinery for Manufacturing .Aërated Waters.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 1st Dec., 1892-Accepted, 7th Jan., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus or Machinery for Manufacturing
.Aërated Waters.
I, ERNEST LODGE NEWSOME, of Kent Road, Blackpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Mineral Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows
The object of the invention is to provide apparatus for the manufacture of aerated
waters in which steam or similar motive power may be dispensed with and the
pressure of the gas generated be utilized to actuate the apparatus.
The carbonic acid gas necessary for the aeration of the mineral waters is generated
in a generator of any ordinary construction either from carbonate of lime or from a
solution of carbonate of soda or instead of a generator the gas may be supplied
from a receiver previously charged with the gas at a high pressure but for
the purposes of this invention I will describe it as supplied from a generator
in which an alkaline carbonate, preferably a soda solution, is treated with
sulphuric acid.
a
The generator is placed in any convenient position and above it is placed
reservoir to contain the carbonate. When a soda solution is the agent employed,
the reservoir is connected with the generator by a pipe and suitable controlling
valve, but when carbonate of lime is the agent employed, the reservoir may be
provided with a piston or plunger which will force the required quantity of the
material into the generator, a suitable quantity of the vitriol having been pre-
viously filled into the generator. Instead however of merely filling a regulated
quantity of the vitriol into the generator a second reservoir may be employed to
hold it,
The generator is constructed to maintain the gas at a pressure somewhat below
that at which it liquifies.
Connected to the generator is a purifier or scrubber through which the gas passes
to be washed or purified.
The gas as it is generated passes through the purifier into a cylinder or chamber
constituting an accumulator in which it is maintained at an approximately constant
pressure by weights acting on a ram or piston. This accumulator is constructed
with a cylinder in which is placed a ram or piston free to move up and down which
is weighted by means of a water tank, metal weights or otherwise. The weight
of the ram regulates the pressure in the cylinder keeping it at an approximately
constant pressure as the gas enters or is drawn off. I prefer at present to use a
hollow ram into which the gas enters, the cylinder being filled or part filled with
water in order to secure a sealed joint or packing to prevent escape of gas, though
any suitable form of packing may be employed which will prevent the escape of
the gas. Connected to this ram or plunger or to the ram or plunger bead is a
second or third cylinder with a similar ram or plunger working therein one
preferably placed above and on the same axis as the first cylinder. The second or
other cylinders are connected with a cistern or other suitable water supply. The
cylinders or the hollow rams are connected with a mixing reservoir or chamber
into which as the rams move to and fro the gas and water are forced and therein
mixed and from which through one or more glass cylinders or other reservoirs they
are drawn off together to the bottle filling apparatus.
The plunger head is weighted to any required degree to regulate the amount of
pressure and it is also connected by means of chains, levers or other device with a
valve which controls the flow of gas from the purifier or generator so that as the
plunger is moved to and fro the valve is opened and shut. I prefer to use a chaiu

page_text: passing over two guide pulleys and attached to a wheel valve on the purifier. A lever
may also be connected to the plunger head or to the chain to operate the pump
for forcing a solution of carbonate of lime when such is used into the generator or
for operating the valve of an acid chamber. Reducing and pressure gauges are
placed in connection with the different chambers and connecting pipes to regulate
and control the pressures as required.
It will be found that by this arrangement of apparatus a constant pressure is
maintained while bottling. When the ram-falls and drives out all the gas the valve
which communicates with the purifier or generator is opened and a fresh supply of
The downward
gas is delivered to the cylinder which raises the weighted ram.
movement of the ram forces the gas into the mixing chamber and the upward
movement of the ram forces water therein.
When the pressure in the generator decreases below the required degree a fresh
supply or charge of material is admitted through the valve or by the action of the
pump to the generator.
Agitation for mixing the material may be applied to the generator and for mixing
the gas and water to the mixing cylinder.
In working the gas is maintained at a high pressure in the generator or delivered
at a high pressure from a receiver. The gas at this pressure is delivered to the
cylinder. in which the ram works and forces up the weighted ram closing at the
same time the admission valve. The ram gradually descends forcing the gas through
a reducing valve set to the required pressure into the mixing chamber from whence
it passes through one or more distributing chambers to the bottle filling machine
each chamber being at different pressures if desired for bottling different liquors.
Dated this 1st day of February 1892.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus or Machinery for Manufacturing
Aërated Waters.
I, ERNEST LODGE NEWSOME, of Kent Road, Blackpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Mineral Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of the invention is to provide apparatus for the manufacture of
aerated waters in which steam or similar motive power may to a large extent be
dispensed with and the pressure of the gas generated be utilized to actuate the
apparatus.
The carbonic acid gas necessary for the aeration of the mineral waters is
generated in a generator of any ordinary construction either from carbonate of lime
or from a solution of carbonate of soda or instead of a generator the gas may be
supplied from a receiver previously charged with the gas at a high pressure but for
the purposes of this invention I will describe it as supplied from a generator in
which an alkaline carbonate, preferably a soda solution, is treated with sulphuric
acid.
The invention will be fully described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Fig. 1. Sectional elevation of apparatus constructed according to my invention.
Fig. 2. Plan of same.
Fig. 3. Sectional elevation of modified arrangement of the apparatus.
The generator A in which carbonic acid gas is generated may be of any ordinary
form with an acid chamber or reservoir B placed above it. For the purposes of

page_text: this invention however I prefer to construct the generator A and acid chamber B
arranged as shown in Fig. 1. The agent employed from which the gas is
liberated may either be carbonate of lime or a solution of carbonate of soda
preferably the latter.
The generator A is constructed to maintain the gas at a pressure of say 200 to
300 pounds per square inch. In the form shown in Fig. 1. the acid chamber B is
fitted with a valve D. in the bottom by which the flow of acid from the chamber B
to the generator A is controlled. The valve D is operated by a weighted pressure
valve E placed above the receiver A. The cylinder of the valve E is connected
by the pipe e with one of the pipes or containers through which the gas passes after
leaving the generator so that the pressure of the gas acts upon the piston e¹ of the
valve. When the pressure of the gas falls below the desired degree the piston e¹
falls and the valve D is opened allowing a fresh charge of acid to the generator.
In the apparatus shown in Fig. 3. the generator A and acid chamber B are shown
detached and connected by a pipe b' a valve D¹ being placed thereon by which th
flow of the acid can be controlled.
For large plant the generator and the acid chamber may be in duplicate so that
when one is stopped for re-charging or cleaning the bottling apparatus can be
continued in operation by the other.
Connected to the generator is a scrubber or purifier F which is partially filled
with water through which the gas passes on leaving the generator to be washed or
purified. The gas enters the purifier F by the pipe a by which it is connected
to the generator.
In conjunction with the generator and purifier I provide an accumulator by
which the gas is maintained at the required pressure for bottling and by which also
some of the water for bottling can be forced or pumped.
This accumulator is preferably constructed with two cylinders G and Hone
above the other each fitted with a hollow ram or plunger. The cylinder G in
which the hollow plunger I is packed is filled or partly filled with water to secure
a sealed joint or packing to prevent the escape of gas and the hollow plunger I is
connected by the flexible pipe with the purifier For other source from which the
gas is supplied and by the flexible pipe i with the chamber K in which the gas and
water are mixed prior to being bottled. The second ram or plunger J which works
in the cylinder H is fitted above the plunger I to the same head I' and preferably
in the same axial line. The cylinder H is by the pipe m connected with a
cistern M or other suitable water supply such as the town's main and by the pipe /
with the mixing chamber K. The pipes and m are fitted with back pressure or
non return valves h¹ and m¹.
The plunger head I slides up and down between the metal columns N being
guided by the pulleys n and it is weighted to any required degree to give the
amount of pressure desired for bottling.
The pipe which connects the accumulator with the mixing chamber may be
provided with a pressure valve L similar in construction to the valve E to regulate
the supply of gas to the mixing chamber K. And the pipe f which connects the
accumulator with the purifier F is provided with a shut off valve O by which the
supply of gas to the accumulator can be controlled or shut off. The valve O is
operated by a chain lever or other device connected to the plunger head I'. I at
present prefer to make the valve O a plug valve and use a chain O' passing over a
wheel o on the valve spindle and over two guide pulleys o o' carried in brackets
supported by the columns or frame of the accumulator. A rod or spindle o¹¹ is
attached to the chain which passes through a slot or hole in the plunger head and
is provided with a washer or collar at each end so that the cross head at the end of
each stroke engages with one of them and moves the chain 0¹ to close the valve O
when the up stroke is completed and to open it when the down stroke is completed.
The chamber K in which the gas and water are mixed before bottling is provided
with one or more taps k through which the mixed gas and water are drawn off and
by which it is connected to the bottle filling machines. One or more glass

page_text: cylinders or other reservoirs K¹ (Fig. 3) may be interposed between the mixing
chamber K and the bottling machines which are not shown in the drawings.
.
By this apparatus a constant pressure will be maintained in the mixing
chamber K for bottling equivalent to the weight thereon.
In operation the gas is generated in the generator A in the usual way the gas
being maintained therein at a high pressure, when the gas falls below the required
pressure the piston of the regulating valve E falls and the valve D opens allowing
a fresh supply of acid to the generator (see Fig. 1). The gas passes from the
generator A by the pipe a to the purifier F where it passes up through the water
contained therein and any acid, alkali, or any impurity carried forward with the
gas is washed out. From the purifier the gas passes through the flexible
pipe to the hollow plunger I and cylinder G of the accumulator and the
pressure of the gas therein forces the plunger up. The upper cylinder H being
filled with water the same action forces the water from the cylinder H through
the pipe into the mixing chamber K. When the plungers I and J have
finished their upward stroke the cross head I¹ engages with the collar on the
upper end of the rod o¹ and moves the chain O₁ thereby closing the valve O.
As the gas and water are drawn off from the chamber K by the bottling
machine the gas flows from the plunger I through the pipe i constant pressure
being maintained by the weight upon the cross head I at the same time the
downward movement of the piston J fills the cylinder H with water from a
cistern or other water supply. When the plungers have finished their down-
ward stroke the cross head engages with the collar at the lower end of the
rod moving the chain O' in the reverse direction and opening the valve O
when the reverse action again takes place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for the manufacture of aerated waters the use or combination of
an accumulator with a double set of cylinders and plungers actuated by the pressure
of the gas from the generator by which the gas and water are alternately forced
into the mixing chamber at the required pressure substantially as described.
2. In apparatus for the manufacture of aerated waters the combination of a
gas generator or container, purifier, accumulator, and mixing chamber substantially
as described.
3. An apparatus for the manufacture of aerated waters having the several parts
arranged in combination substantially as and for the purposes described and
shown.
Dated this 28th day of November 1892.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool, and London, Patent Agents.