matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES OR APPARATUS TO CONTROUL THE ROTATION OF AN Axis
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1868.
I, ADAM TAYLOR, of Oak Street, Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES OR APPARATUS TO CONTROUL THE ROTATION OF AN
Axis," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in brakes. In order
to control the rotation of any axis, it may be the axle of a railway
carriage, or the axis of a drum employed in lowering weights down
shafts or inclines, or other axis the rotation of which it is desired
to control I mount on such axis an eccentric, and I connect the
eccentric rod with a piston in a cylinder containing water, so that
as the eccentric revolves with the axis it works the piston to and fro
within the cylinder. In order that the piston may be able to move,
notwithstanding the opposition of the water which stands in its way, I
form a passage of large area connecting one end of the cylinder with
the other, and when the apparatus is at work the water is propelled
through the passage to and fro from one end of the cylinder to the

page_text: other. So long, however, as the whole area of the passage is open but
little resistance is opposed to the rotation of the axis. There is,
however, in the passage a valve by which the passage can be contracted
more or less as may be desired, and the more it is so contracted the
greater will be the opposition offered to the motion of the piston and to
the revolution of the axis. A pressure gauge is connected with the
cylinder so that the amount of the strain applied may be indicated as a
guide to the person who is using the apparatus. A small water tank is
used in connection with the apparatus, from which any water which may
escape by leakage is replaced from time to time. There is also an air-
escape cock on the cylinder. Usually I mount the eccentric loose on the
revolving axis and clutch it to it when it is required for use. In some
cases a crank or other contrivance to convert the rotatory motion of the
axis into a reciprocating motion may be substituted for the eccentric.
In cases in which it is desired to apply a uniform resistance to the
rotation of the axis the passage from end to end of the cylinder may be
dispensed with, and the piston may, in lieu thereof, be perforated with a
hole or holes of suitable size. The perforated
The perforated piston may also be
combined with the exterior passage.
In place of using a single cylinder and piston, two cylinders and pistons
may be used, the water passing to and fro from cylinder to cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESS BOXES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Samuelson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
August 1868.
I, MARTIN SAMUELSON, of 4, County Buildings, Hull, in the County
of York, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESS BOXES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in hydraulic press boxes,
such as are in ordinary use in oil mills, and consists in the employment
of wrought iron or steel in combination with cast iron, for the purpose
of strengthening the same; I make the upper portion of the press box
of cast iron as heretofore, or any other suitable metal, but for the
lower portion, formerly also of cast iron, I substitute a plate of wrought
iron or steel rivetted or pinned, or otherwise secured to the upper or
cast iron portion of the box. Beneath this said wrought iron or steel
plate I rivet securely and partially recess into it a strong angle iron
forming an open-ended box, as in the ordinary press boxes now in
use, which construction and combination very materially lessens the
possibility of breaking the box by pressure in working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING FORKS AND SPOONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Maddick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1868.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM MADDICK, of 313, Camden Road, Holloway, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING FORKS AND SPOONS,"
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in forks and spoons, and
relates to a mode of combining them into one article so that either may
be used as required. For this purpose I apply to the stem of the fork
or spoon a slide to which is connected a spoon or fork so that either
can be used when required, the prongs of the fork being also employed
as a guide, and when it is required to change from the one to the other
article it is only necessary to slide the one upon the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Meldrum at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1868.
I, ROBERT MELDRUM, of Pettormie Cupar, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND DISCHARGING
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This machine or apparatus is divided into chambers, the lower one
being a condenser with a tube in the centre containing a piston and rod
which is joined to another piston above, and a steam pipe from the boiler
with a cock for screwing off and on, so that the steam coming into the
chamber below the upper piston lifts the piston up the cylinder so as
to close a valve at a point where there is a tube in communication with
a well or source of liquid, thus opening a valve so that air or liquid is
got rid of. The upper chamber is therefore the one that the liquid is
brought into and does not at all come into contact with the sides of the
steam chamber. The cylinder at the junctions may be one stuffed outside
to help to prevent rarefaction of the steam in its chamber. When the
piston has been driven to the top of the chamber as described, two rods

page_text: fixed to the lower piston are raised up with the piston, and a paw with
an eye slipping on another rod admits of each of these rods being raised
-without interrupting any thing until the paws come to the connection
with the slides of the valves, when they raise these two slides, and also
another which closes one steam valve and opens another, letting the
steam out of the steam chamber into the condenser. At the same time
a slide valve is opened which makes way for cold water, or water suffi-
ciently cooled for condensing in the tube ready for being squirted through
a rose upon the steam as it issues into the chamber; this of course
causes a vacuum which may be kept pretty clear of common air by
displacement; the piston therefore comes down, driving the hot water
that has followed the piston at the end of the rod in the condensing
chamber to the boiler. When the piston comes down to its place the
paws act upon knobs, or button ends on the rods in connection with the
valves, which causes the necessary valves to be shut and the others to be
opened. The space below the piston at the bottom of the down stroke
might with advantage be almost filled up if desired. The above and
other modifications of details may be adopted to meet the requirements
of particular cases.
AN IMPROVED ORNAMENTATION OF FENDERS AND OTHER USEPUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES ORDINARILY USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kendrick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1868.
I, THOMAS KENDRICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Designer and Modeller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED ORNAMENTATION OF FENDERS AND OTHER USEPUL
AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES ORDINARILY USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the novel application of ornamental
lacquered brass tubing to certain parts of fenders. Hitherto these
articles have been cast wholly in iron, having an imperfect outline in
ornament, and being all of one metal the effect was confined entirely to
mere variety of configuration or design or to the various combinations of
alternate bright and dull parts of the same metal.
This Invention consists in the combination of ornamental lacquered
brass tubing with ordinary cast iron in the manufacture of fenders, the
brass tubing being applied to the parts technically known in the trade
as the "bar," the "bead," and the "moulding," such combination pro-
ducing a new and improved manufacture having a varied and pleasing

page_text: effect hitherto unknown in the trade. It will be obvious that the method
of applying or affixing the brass tube to the cast iron may be varied
according to circumstances, but in ordinary cases it will be affixed by
small rivets or pins to the cast iron.
The Invention consists, secondly, in the application of the said
ornamental brass tubing to fire-irons, namely, poker, tongs, and shovel.
In each of these articles separate pieces of ornamental brass tubing are
passed over the handle and shanks of the same, and fixed thereto by
pins or rivets or in any other convenient manner.
Thirdly. The Invention relates to the ornamentation of stoves,
fire-places, or grates, and consists in combining ornamental brass
tubing with the cast iron of which such stoves, fire-places, or grates
are usually constructed. I affix portions of the ornamental brass tube
round the arch and upon the surface of the front plate, such tube being
arranged and designed to produce the ornamental effect desired, and
being affixed to the surface of the cast iron by means of pins or rivets or
in any other suitable manner.
The brass tubing employed for the above purposes may be either
plain lacquered brass tubing or it may be twisted, damasked, embossed,
or ornamented in any other known manner; and what is claimed as the
subject matter of Letters Patent is, the combination of such brass tubing
with ordinary cast iron for the purposes of ornament in the manufacture
of the articles above specified.
AN IMPROVED, MACHINE, FOR PLANTING POTATOES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Augustine-Leigh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the
16th April 1868.
I, FRANCIS AUGUSTINE LEIGH, of Rose Garland, New Ross, in the
County of Wexford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "AN IMPROVED, MACHINE, FOR PLANTING POTATOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a machine for the above.
purpose in the following novel and improved manner:-The carriage
to contain the mechanism is mounted on wheels with, one wheel in
front, and may either be wheeled by hand like a wheelbarrow or bo
drawn by a horse or other animal,. the carriage is a box: in which
seed potatoes are placed on the axle of the front wheel, a pulley is
fixed over which passes a pitch chain,, this chain also passes over:
another pulley fixed on an axle situated at the top of the aforesaid.
box, and imparts: rotatory motion to two wheels. respectively placed at
the top and bottom of the box containing the seed potatoes, a pitch.
chain on which are fixed at suitable distances apart; -small-cups or
spikes passes. over these wheels, and the said cups operate as elevators.
to bring the potatoes regularly over the top of the box, thence they

page_text: drop into a funnel which deposits them in the ground at regular
intervals behind the wheel in the furrow, the land being first ploughed
in furrows, or the two machines may be worked in combination, and
the potatoes when planted may be covered over by another plough
following the potatoe planting machine.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lawrence Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th August 1868.
I, WILLIAM LAWRENCE WILLIAMS, of Bootle, near Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE," to be as follows:-
A motive-power engine constructed according to my Invention is
composed of the following principal parts -A. cylinder formed with
parts-A
ports and fitted with a piston and piston rod and a valve or valves of
any ordinary kind, a fly wheel, and a pin or stud to connect the piston
rod to the fly wheel, the whole being carried or supported on strong
framework. These parts, however, are arranged or combined and made
to operate in an entirely novel manner. Instead of the cylinder being
stationary or made to oscillate, it is suspended on centres formed on
opposite sides thereof and caused to rotate thereon. The axial line of
the said centres is at a distance from the axis of the fly wheel equal to
one-half the length of the stroke of the piston in the cylinder. When
therefore steam or other elastic fluid is supplied to the cylinder, both it
and the fly wheel rotate on their respective centres, the cylinder making

page_text: a double stroke over the piston each revolution. The valves are of any
ordinary kind; I prefer however as means for regulating the ingress and
exhaust of the steam or other fluid a circular valve piece surrounding
one of the centres or bearings of the cylinder formed with inlet and
exhaust ports, the back being of large area so as to keep the valve up
to its face under every condition. In this way rotary motion is obtained
without the mechanism necessary to convert reciprocatory into rotary
motion. It will be obvious motion is taken from the fly wheel or from
a pulley or gearing attached thereto or to the shaft thereof.
AN IMPROVED POUCH FOR TOBACCO AND OTHER ARTICLES USED BY SMOKERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Stuart Harington
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th December 1868.
I, ALEXANDER STUART HARINGTON, of the St. James's Club,
Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED POUCH FOR TOBACCO AND
OTHER ARTICLES USED BY SMOKERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved combination of leather, skin, or
other similar or suitable material with vulcanized india-rubber in the
manufacture of tobacco pouches.
The improved pouch is made as follows:-The exterior portion thereof
is made of leather, skin, or similar or suitable good wearing material
(pigskin being preferred as being considered more durable than other
leather). It is made with gussets and an overlapping cover also of the
same material, the whole being so made as to roll up into a portable
form, and to such cover is firmly attached a strong narrow piece or
thong of the same or similar strong material, long enough to be passed
two, three, or more times round the pouch so as to secure it when closed,

page_text: and either full or only partially filled, in a very simple and effective
manner without any other fastening. The inside of the pouch is formed
of vulcanized india-rubber, which is firmly attached as a lining by
stitching or otherwise to the external casing of leather or other material,
and fits closely the interior of the pouch both inside the gussets and the
overlapping cover. In the interior of the pouch it is proposed to form
convenient receptacles for all such articles as are generally carried by
smokers. A pouch of this description will be found more durable in
wear than those hitherto made, and will be more suitable for travellers
and in warm climates, inasmuch as the internal lining or casing of
vulcanized india-rubber will keep the tobacco in a better condition than
in pouches of the ordinary make.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LETTER AND INVOICE HOLDERS AND SORTERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burgoyne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1868.
I, WILLIAM BURGOYNE, of Cambridge Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LETTER AND INVOICE
HOLDERS AND SORTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a case of wood or other suitable
material to which are fitted a series of sliding picces arranged in one
or more tiers and lettered or figured consecutively, to each pair of
sliding pieces a bag or pocket made of canvas or other suitable material
is secured, cach such bag or pocket is so made as to allow each pair
of sliding picces to be opened for the purpose of placing letters or
other documents or articles therein in a similar manner to a purse.
The sliding picces may be arranged to slide vertically or laterally, two
grooves are formed in each tier of the case to receive the ends of the
sliding pieces, and (if desired) a guide rod is placed in each groove
to keep the slides in a parellel line; at the top or end of each series
of slides a spring or springs, either metallic or formed of india-rubber

page_text: or other suitable material is made to bear on them in such a manner
as to keep all the slides in close contact simultaneously when any letters
or documents have been placed in any of the bags, and to permit easy
and ready access to any letter or document in either pocket or bag by
shifting the necessary number of slides simultaneously in the direction
of the spring or springs. Ample space is also allowed for the slides
to traverse sufficiently to admit of putting the hand into either pocket
or bag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THR MANUFACTURE OF BANDING CORDS OR TWINE FROM COTTON, HEMP, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1868.
I, THOMAS HART, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Rope,
Twine and Cotton Banding Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN THR
MANUFACTURE OF BANDING CORDS OR TWINE FROM COTTON, HEMP, FLAX, OR
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a carriage and tramway.
On the said carriage and parallel to the tramway are a number of
spindles carrying bobbins on which is the material or strands. At
right angles to the tramway or extending in front of the carriage is
a bar or rod having a number of holes or eyes therein through which
the strands are passed and attached to the "twisting frame." At intervals
along the line of tramway are erected a number of "stakes" or bearers
having arms thereon extending across the tramway below or clear of
the rod above mentioned, so that as the carriage passes along the
The
tramway the strands are deposited in notches of the bearing arms.
carriage having arrived at the end of the tramway the eye rod is by

page_text: means of a rack and pinion on the end of the said rod caused to revolve
so that the strands are wrapped around such rod, and the carriage can
thus be drawn towards the twisting frame and the twine put in.
Attached to and working on the said stakes or bearers is an arm having
angular indentations therein; this arm extends under the strands, and
by means of a lever and wire or cord can be raised by the attendant
at the twisting frame, so that two or more strands may be raised out
of the notches of the first arm to the angular indentations in the second
arm and doubled. It will be seen that by the use of the carriage and
bearer and the arm for raising and collecting the strands for doubling
as above described, I dispense with the manual labor of passing to
and fro along the shed for the purpose of carrying out, picking up,
and laying together the strands, and that although I herein describe
one set of strands yet two or more may be operated upon at the
same timė.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CARTRIDGE SHELLS AND HEADS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Horace Brandon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th June 1868.-A communication from Henry Augustus
Chapin and Charles William May, of Paris.
I, ALEXANDER HORACE BRANDON, Engineer, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CARTRIDGE SHELLS AND HEADS,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the making a cast or struck up cartridge
shell and head in one piece with pure tin or an alloy of tin and lead or
other metals, or lead alone, the said cartridge case having the usual
priming tube formed in it or not, and having a plate of metal surrounding
the priming tube, or without the said plate.
The principle of my Invention is the making a cartridge case and head
with the above-mentioned metal or mixture of metals at one operation,
either by striking or casting.
In the making of my cartridge shells or heads by striking I employ
suitable dies and a fly press or other force, and I give to the dies the
external and internal form of the cartridge shell and head required.

page_text: In making my cartridge shells by casting I use dies or moulds of the
external and internal form of the cartridge shell and heads required,
or I employ a mould having the external form required, which I fill with
the melted metal, and whilst in the molten state I take a die or plunger
having the form required for the interior of the cartridge case or bottom,
and I plunge this into the molten metal, the surplus quantity of which
oozing out leaves the cartridge shell and head perfect and solid and
of any required thickness, according as may be the difference between
the inner and outer mould. To ensure that the cartridge shell and head
shall have an uniform thickness I mount the said plunger in a guide or
guides, so that it shall descend into the said mould full of molten metal
exactly concentric with the mould forming the outer circumference of
the cartridge shell or head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTAL APPENDAGES, SUCH AS BUTTONS, STUDS, CLASPS, BROOCHES, EARDROPS, OR OTHER PERSONAL ORNAMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PRO.ISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Couchman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th August 1868.
I, RICHARD COUCHMAN, of Noble Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTAL APPENDAGES, SUCH AS
BUTTONS, STUDS, CLASPS, BROOCHES, EARDROPS, OR OTHER PERSONAL ORNAMENTS,'
to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention has for its object improvements in
the construction of buttons, studs, or other similar dress fastenings
which are attached to and secure the parts of the article of dress
together by passing through a button hole or eyelet formed for their
reception. This part of my Invention consists in so forming the front
part or parts of a button, stud, or other similar dress fastening that
after it has been passed through a button hole or eyelet the position
of its front part or parts can be so altered or transformed as to prevent
it from being returned through the eyelet or opening until the front
part or parts are returned to their original position. This part of my
Invention may be carried into practice by forming the front part of a

page_text: button, stud, or other similar dress fastening of oval or oblong form,
so that the width of its narrowest part may pass through a button
hole or eyelet and then be capable of making a partial revolution
to prevent its return until restored to its original position. Or portions
of the front surface of such article may be arranged so as to be capable
of movement in order to assume different relative positions for the
purpose of enlarging or varying the proportions or character of the
front surface as compared with such parts when closed or folded
together into a small compass.
The second part of my Invention relates to the construction of
dress fastenings and ornamental appendages whereby the ornamental
character of such articles may be transformed or the parts transposed
so as to vary the ornamental character from time to time as may be
desired according to the taste or fancy of the wearer. For this
purpose I construct the front or other portions of a button, stud,
clasp, brooch, eardrop, or other personal ornament of a number of
parts rivetted or otherwise connected together, so that the several
parts so combined may be adjusted or caused to assume different
relative positions to each other, the movement or adjustment of the
several parts being the means by which the design of the ornament
may be varied from time to time according to the taste or fancy of
the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-BARREL BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Willetts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
June 1868.
I, SAMUEL WILLETTS, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-BARREL BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in discharging double-barrel breech-loading fire-arms in which the
breech is opened and closed by the barrels turning upon a joint so
as to permit of the open ends of the barrels being raised from the
face of the break-off for charging and being shut and locked down
against the face of the break-off after charging and during discharge.
The said fire-arms are commonly called drop-down guns.
Instead of the mechanism ordinarily employed for discharging the
said fire-arms I employ the following arrangement of parts :--In place
of the ordinary hammers I employ hammers without the nose or that
part which is employed to strike the percussion cap or striker, and I.
joint a pin or striker to each hammer immediatey below the head or

page_text: comb. The said striker consists of a rod by preference of a cylindrical
figure, on the rear end of which is an eye which enters a recess in the
hammer, and through which eye and the hammer a screw pin is passed
so as to make a joint. The front ends of the said pins or strikers work
in holes in the break-off, the said front ends of the pins or strikers
being withdrawn into the break-off when the hammers are at half
or full cock and projecting through the face of the break-off when
the hammers fall. The front ends of the said pins or strikers are flat
or rounded, and the said pins or strikers work by preference in a
slightly oblique direction. On the descent of either of the hammers
its pin or striker is driven forcibly through the break-off, and striking
the percussion cap in the base of the cartridge discharges the cartridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND CRUSHING BREEZE OR CINDERS IN ONE COMBINED ACTION
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Parks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1868.
I, BENJAMIN PARKS, of Lewisham, in the County of Kent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND CRUSHING BREEZE OR
CINDERS IN ONE COMBINED ACTION," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the adaptation and application of rollers
fixed in a suitable frame, which are worked by means of a band
attatched either to a steam engine or other motive power. These rollers
are connected to a screen or separater, and as the rollers are made to
revolve backward and forward motion is given to the screen
separater, and by this means the rollers are fed as required. A trough
or shoot is placed in a convenient position on one side of the machine,
which conveys away any stones, iron, or other material not proper to
pass through the rolls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING. ESPARTO.. AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES USED. IN PAPER-MAKING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Routledge and William
Henry Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 26th March 1868.
We, THOMAS ROUTLEDGE, of Ford Works, near Sunderland, Paper
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM: HENRY RICHARDSON; of Springwell Paper
Works, Jarrow-on-Tyne, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare tho
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING. ESPARTO..
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES USED. IN PAPER-MAKING," to be as follows:-
These improvements. relate to an improved process for bleaching
esparto and. other fibrous substances for. subsequent use in the
manufacture of paper..
In carrying out our Invention the fibre being first sorted, if necessary,
cut, and boiled in an alkaline liquor in the ordinary manner, is
deprived of its coloring matter by washing with or without pressing,.
as well known to paper manufacturers; it is then placed in a rotatory
cylindrical vessel with a quantity of bleaching liquor, and the vessel
is closed and made steam-tight. After being rotated or agitated steam:
is admitted until the contents of the vessel are heated to a boiling
temperature or thereabouts, but a temperature as high as 300 degrees.

page_text: Fahrenheit may be used with advantage; by this means the whole of
the chlorine or other bleaching agent is rapidly brought into effect
and exhausted while in contact with and acting on the fibre. By
the use of this process not more than two-thirds to one-half the quantity
of bleaching agent is required to produce the same degree or pitch of
color as that obtained in the ordinary manner, the time, labor, and
power employed being also materially reduced... When the process of
bleaching is completed the effete or exhausted bleaching agent is run off
or the contents emptied into another vessel to drain, and the material
being then in the form of bleached paper stock is treated in the usual
manner.
In place of a rotatory or a cylindrical vessel a stationary vessel of any
form may be used, and the limits of temperature above mentioned may
also be varied according to circumstances. When desirable the fibrous
material after being boiled and previous to being introduced into the
bleaching cylinder or other vessel may be reduced into half stuff or
stock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING AND. MANUFACTURING THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT KNOWN HARMONIUM
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter. Fraye at the Office of
tlic Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1868. A communication from abroad by Fenélon Flinois, of 73,
Rue Lafayette, Paris, in the French Empire.
I, PETER FRAYE,. of No. 6, Walbrook, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING AND. MANUFACTURING THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENT KNOWN
HARMONIUM," to be as follows:-
Hitherto organs or harmoniums with free valves have not proved
satisfactory either to the performer or to the auditors, the system in use
up to this day giving a marked predominance to the base over the upper
scale.
My system obviates all difficulties hitherto met with in the construc-
tion of the above instruments.
SPECIFICATION.
The means by which such a result is obtained are as follows:-
1. The key opening the tree valve, on which depends the effect
above mentioned, is placed behind the sound board and occupies the.

page_text: same position in every instrument of from one and a half to six rows.
As regards those instruments whose sound boards are placed vertically
the position of each row may be altered.
2. The valves giving emission to the sound may or may not be
independent of the keyboard..
3. That part of the sound board containing the blades producing the
louder notes is peculiarly constructed, that is to say, it is perforated in
a manner calculated to obtain the necessary result..
4. The predominating sound is produced by means of a register
bearing the word "dominant" in the upper key; it adds to the force
of the notes, and is heard so distinctly that the sound of the upper notes
always covers that of the base..
The above system may be applied or adapted. to church purposes,.
when it will be found to produce really marvellous. effects..
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wood Gray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1868.
I, THOMAS WOOD GRAY, of 1, Margaret Street, Limehouse, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LIGHTNING CONDUCTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of a system of lightning
conductors to ships or vessels of the composite build of wood and iron,
and also to those ships or vessels of iron with wood masts. By pre-
ference I should fit both of the above-mentioned class of vessels on
the system for which a Patent was granted to me on the 16th April
1867, entitled "Improvements in Sir Wm. Snow Harris's Lightning
Conductors for Ships, Vessels, Buildings, and other Structures," namely,
by fitting plates or strips of metal from higher masts to lower masthead,
and from thence overboard by means of tubular conductors down
rigging, as therein described. In cases where the above-mentioned
system may not be deemed advisable, the lower masts, top masts, and
higher masts are fitted, as is well known, with plates or strips of metal
and connected to the hull of vessel. In the case of a composite

page_text: vessel by fitting strips or plates of metal by preference on wood or
other non-conducting material, or otherwise, over iron beams of vessel
or under side of wood deck, and thence to ship's side with through
metal bolts to copper outside and connections from heel of lower mast
fitted in a similar manner, but in any case so that the hull shall have
an entirely distinct line of conductors quite independent of any iron, and
where possible removed from all contact with the same. In the case
of iron vessels with wood masts by plates or strips of metal taken from
bottom of masts on deck along upper side of wood deck to ship's side,
and from thence overboard; this system being more especially adapted
to vessels with tabernacle masts, or where the mast stops at the
upper deck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE CORROSION OR INCRUSTATION OF MARINE AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Sefi at the Office of.
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1868.
I, MICHAEL SEFI, of 25, Old Broad Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OR MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE CORROSION
OR INCRUSTATION OF MARINE AND OTHER BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in working marine
and other boilers by which the advantages of a perfect absence of
incrustation may be gained without detriment to the boiler, and by
which boilers working with surface condensers or using distilled water
may be kept and used clean without detriment to the shell or tubes
or any other portion by "pitting" or oxidation. For this purpose, the
boiler being supplied with a sufficient quantity of distilled or fresh
water (salt water in no case being used, even in marine boilers), the
boiler shell remains clean and the usual destructive action of the
distilled water is obviated by introducing therein, by pumping or
otherwise, a quantity of carbonic acid or other gas or gases suitable
for the purpose, by which certain constituents of water dissipated by

page_text: evaporation are returned thereto. The carbonic acid or other gas or
gases to be introduced are either to be taken from the uptake or produced
in a seperate vessel or vessels and passed into the lower part of the
boiler through a connection or connections by pumping or otherwise,
suitable means for the diffusion or distribution of the said gas or gases
being provided if required. The necessary gas or gases may also be
supplied to the water by means of mineral or other substances to be
placed in the boiler and capable of evolving the before-mentioned gases.
If pumping be adopted either a seperate pump can be used or the
gas or gases may be driven in through a suitable connection by the
feed or bilge pumps or by other mechanical means worked by the
main engine or separately. In the case of the pumps (when employed)
becomeing too highly heated, arrangement is made for cooling them either
by a stream of water or other cooling medium being made to freely
circulate around them. It may be preferred in some cases to arrange
the pump or pumps within the boiler itself for forcing or introducing
the gases therein.
For the purpose of purifying or cooling the gas or gases before allowing
them to enter the boiler (as previously described), I place either within
the uptake or otherwise arranged, as the case may be, a series of wire
gauze in sheets or otherwise, or so arranged as to contain between
each space some suitable purifying or other medium in addition thereto,
if required, through which the gas or gases are caused to pass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOTSTOOLS,' FOOT CUSHIONS, OR HASSOCKS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO CHAIRS, COUCHES, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Martin Thornton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1868.
I, EDWIN MARTIN THORNTON, of Brooke Street, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOTSTOOLS,' FOOT CUSHIONS, OR
HASSOCKS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO CHAIRS, COUCHES, OR
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to and employing in the interior
of a footstool, foot cushion, or hassock a square or other conveniently
shaped vessel or receiver, constructed of metal or other suitable material,
to contain boiling or hot water.
The vessel or receiver is enclosed in the footstool, foot cushion, or
hassock, and is surrounded on all sides except the top with a non-con-
ducting material or substance to prevent the escape of heat from the
water, excepting through apertures or holes in a perforated cover, which
is attached by hinges or other fastenings to the vessel or receiver. The
heat from the water in the vessel or receiver diffuses itself through the
perforated cover, and so gives warmth for a considerable time to the

page_text: external covering of the footstool, cushion, or hassock, which is made of
the ordinary materials.
This Invention can also be applied to chairs, couches, and other
similar articles of furniture by so constructing, modifying, and adapting
the above-described vessel or receiver that it may be applied in the most
convenient shape to that part or parts of a chair, couch, or other article
of furniture where it may be desired to have heat or warmth applied for
invalids or others.
Or instead of boiling or hot water ice may be placed in the vessel or
receiver in cases where cold air may be required to be diffused or applied
to the surrounding covering or exterior.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE ORNAMENTING OF CANDLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rowley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1868.
I, JOHN ROWLEY, of 77, Wells Street, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE ORNAMENTING OF CANDLES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in taking the candles and dipping them in
a solution of a metallic substance by which they become coated and
have then the appearance of the metallic body or substance in which
they have been so placed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING OR CLIPPING THE WOOL OR HAIR OF SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1868.-A communication from abroad by James
Andrew Bolton Higham, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria,
Australia, Compositor.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING OR CLIPPING
THE WOOL OR HAIR OF SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS," a communication, to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus or arrangement of mechanism
in which a rotary knife or cutter is connected to a turbine wheel or
rotary engine driven by steam, compressed air, or water; the said rotary
knife or cutter travels over a comb and operates on very much the same
principle as a mowing machine, except that the relative positions of
the knife and comb or finger bar are reversed, the knife or cutter in
my apparatus being uppermost. The apparatus is provided with a metal
case whose inner periphery may be either plain or serrated. Flexible

page_text: pipes are employed for the admission and exhaustion of the steam, air,
or water. The shaft of the engine or turbine wheel carries a small
toothed pinion on or near its extremity; this pinion gears into and
works a toothed wheel which runs on a pin or stud fitted in a lug on
the outside of the perimeter of the case; on the side of this toothed
wheel are two studs which fit into corresponding holes in the body of
the knife or cutter. A steel plate is firmly attached to flanges on the
under side of the case, and a portion of its circumference is slotted or
cut to form a comb. A guard plate is provided to keep the wool or
hair of the animal from passing beyond the comb. The depth of the
wool or hair left on the animal is regulated by the thickness of the
comb. The speed at which the knife or cutter plate is made to rotate
is determined by the relative diameters of the toothed wheels. The
number of the knives and their travel may be varied as well as their
shape, and the said knives may be worked from an eccentric in a
substantially similar manner to the cutter bar of a reaping machine.
The surface covered by the comb may be increased or diminished, and
the shape of the said comb though preferably circular may be varied.
AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE SPRING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Arnold Dobson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th February 1868.
I, HENRY ARNOLD DOBSON, of Knightsbridge, in the Parish of St.
Margaret's, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE SPRING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of constructing
carriage springs. As they are now made carriage springs are formed
of several plates of spring steel secured to one another in such a manner
as to permit them to give with pressure. This is however an expensive
method, while the plates are apt to rust and get out of order. I
therefore use shear steel, and construct the springs of a single piece,
tapering it as required to produce the necessary clasticity. The ends
can be shaped for the requisite fastenings, whether the spring be the

page_text: ordinary elliptic spring, half spring, or C-spring, to all of which my
improved method of construction is applicable, being lighter, cheaper,
and more durable. In the case of the elliptic spring the top and
bottom of the ellipse is formed by two springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS, CRADLES, COUCHES, AND BEDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mangnáll at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1868.
I, JOHN MANGNALL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS, CRADLES, COUCHES, AND BEDS," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates principally to an improved oscillating chair to
be substituted for the ordinary rocking chair, and the seat of which is
fitted with one or other of two improved arrangements of springs. The
arrangements for obtaining oscillation are also applicable to cradles, and
the arrangements of springs are also applicable to couches and beds.
In the improved chair the oscillating part is restricted to the seat and
back with the arms, if any, which rest on a frame comprising the legs
constructed like those of any ordinary non-rocking chair. The top sides
of the leg frame and the under sides of the seat frame are curved so that
the latter will oscillate or rock on the former, or one may be straight and
the other curved. The parts are connected by diagonal links made in any

page_text: convenient way to admit of the slight variation in their length which
the oscillating motion necessitates.
In one of the improved arrangements of springs for the seat straps
fixed to opposite sides of the frame are passed down through a ring and
then each turned back underneath and fixed to a spiral or other suitable
spring having its other end fixed to the frame. A number of pairs of
straps arranged in this way across the frame in different directions form
the bearing surface for the cushion, or in the case of beds for the mattress
or feather bed.
In the second improved arrangement of springs for the chair seat
curved blade springs projecting upwards and backwards are fixed to the
front of the frame, and are connected by straps to straight blade springs
fixed to the back. When these springs are sat upon the pressure tends
to straighten the front springs and to bend down the back ones, whereby
an easy comfortable spring action is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND WARMING BUILDINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Malsbury Kirby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1868.
I, JOHN MALSBURY KIRBY, of Northampton, in the County of
Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM AND
WARMING BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of
generating steam for use in steam engines, and for warming buildings,
and also in the apparatus employed therein.
I propose to construct the generator for steam engines of an oval
or egg form receptacle of cast iron about one and a half inches thick;
this is supported in masonry and secured to a plate on the surface thereof
by means of bolts and nuts and a cover fitting a flange of the generator.
An injection pipe is fitted to the centre of the cover and descends
vertically into the generator; this pipe terminates in a rose or fountain
delivery, and being supplied with water from a reservoir distributes
small streams of water to the internal surface of the generator. A
furnace is constructed beneath the generator, the fire from which sur-

page_text: rounds it, the products of combustion being removed by a flue, the
outlet of which is at or near the upper part of the generator. The
steam pipe is set on the cover and is provided with a safety valve, a
branch pipe conveying the steam to the engine, and a steam guage is
also placed on the cover near the steam pipe.
The operation of the generator is as follows:-The furnace being
supplied with fuel and lighted the generator becomes heated and water
is injected by the injection pipe and scattered over the internal surface
of the generator, being thereby instantly converted into steam which is
conveyed by the steam pipe to the engine.
For warming buildings the generator differs in shape from that just
described. The generator consists of a shallow square iron vessel set
on brickwork with a fire or furnace in front and flues underneath. The
water is supplied to the injection pipe from a tank; the pipe enters the
surface of the generator and is connected to a horizontal rose pipe within
the generator; the steam pipe is also set in the top of the cover. To
regulate the supply of water a waste pipe is arranged to carry off the
surplus to a reservoir containing a ball, which by its rising and falling
acts on a lever and valve connected with the injection pipe, and thus
regulates the supply. The steam is conveyed by pipes throughout the
building to be warmed.