IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURING OF PIG AND BAR IRON
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Francis Jones, of Redcar, in the County
of York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURING OF PIG AND BAR IRON."
Sealed the 5th May 1857, and dated the 2nd March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Francis Jones
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou
the 2nd March 1857.
I, EDWIN FRANCIS JONES, of Redcar, in the County of York, Engineer,do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURING OF PIG AND BAR IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of heating the blast employed in smelting
and other furnaces, or for heating air for other purposes when hot air is
required, as for example, in the warming and ventilating of buildings.
The improvements consist in heating the air between two concentric pipes
or rings, which are placed in a suitable furnace, and so set as to admit of the
heat and flames playing first round the outside of the outer pipe or ring, and
then passing by suitable flues cr passages into the interior of the inner pipe
or riug, whence they pass off to the chimney.
By this arrangement a great economy both in the construction of the
apparatus, and in the consumption of fuel, is effected, whilst a larger
heating surface is obtained, and the air is heated in thin stratae.
A saving of motive power is also accomplished by reason of the absence of
the numerous bends existing in the ordinary apparatus, and of the increased
area of the air passage, whereby a less amount of power is. required to force
the air through the pipes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edwin Francis Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
FRANCIS JONES, of Redcar, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give aud grant unto me,the
said Edwin Francis Jones, Her special license that I, the said Edwin
Francis Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Edwin Francis Jones, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURING OF PIG AND BAR IRON," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edwin Francis Jones, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Francis Jones, do hereby
declare the nature of mysaid Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
porformed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being bad to the accompanying Drawings
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a mode of heating the biast employed in
smelting and other furnaces, which can also be applied to the heating of
air for other purposes where hot air is required, as for example, in the
warming and ventilating of buildings.
The improvements consist in heating the air between two pipes, one placed
inside the other, which are placed over a suitable furnace, and.so set as to

page_text: admit of the beat and names playing hrst round the outside of the outer pipe
or ring, and then passing by suitable flues or passages into the interior of
the inner pipe or ring, whence they pass off to the chimney.
By this arrangement a great economy both in the construction of the
apparatus, the weight of metal, and in the consumption of fuel, is effected,.
whilst a larger heating surface is obtained with less than half the weight
of iron, and same thickness of metal in pipes, as is now used, and the air
is heated in thin strata.
A saving of motive power is also accomplishod by reason of the absence of
the numerous bouds existing in the ordinary apparatus, and of the increased
area of the air passage, whereby a less amount of power is required to
force the air.through the pipes.
I cimploy a suitably constructed expansive joint, in order to allow for any
great difference which may arise between the expansion of the inner and
outer pipe or ring.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures-
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a longitudinal vertical section of my
air-heating apparatus, taken along the line a, b, in Figure 2; Figure 2 is a
transverse section of the same, taken along the line e, f, in Figure 3; Figure 3
is a sectional plan of the apparatus, taken along the line c, d, in Figure 1;
and Figure 4 is an enlarged detail of the expansion joint which I
employ.
propose to
A is the furnace, and B the brickwork of the oven, enclosing the several
air-heating pipes, herein-after fully described. The furnace is arched over at
C,for the purpose of protecting the pipes from the excessive direct heat of the
furnace, and a series of openings are made in this arch to allow the heat to
enter the body of the oven. The sets of pipes for heating the air or blast are
arranged in tiers, each set consisting of an external pipe D, D',an internal
pipe E, E, the space between the outer surface of the inner pipes and the
inner surface of the outer pipes (shewn more clearly in Figure 2) serving for
the passage of the air or blast to be heated; and as this annular space is very
narrow, the air will be divided into thin strata, and consequently be more
readily heated than when in large volumes, so that a considerable economy
of fuel is effected, and there is less wear and tear. in the pipes. Each tier.
may,
consist of one or more sets of pipes.

page_text: The external pipes D, D, of the upper tier, shewn in the Drawings, com-
municate with each other at each of their extremities by means of the
horizontal transverse pipes F, F1, similar pipes G, G¹, forming a correspond-
ing communication between the two external pipes D', D', of the lower tier,
shewn in the Drawings; H, H, are cast-iron brackets for supporting the
upper and lower tiers of pipes. A vertical pipe I connects the upper and
lower transverse pipes F and G, whilst the inlet and outlet for the air or blast
takes place at the branch pipes K, K³, respectively, which open into the
respective transverse pipes F' and G¹.
One end of the internal pipes E, E, in the upper tier is open and does not
touch the side of the oven, and this construction is adopted in order to allow
the flame and gases from the furnace to enter freely therein, as shewn by the
arrows. The opposite ends of these pipes are let into the brickwork, and open
into the vertical flues L,L, which are built inside the oven wall. These flues
communicate with the internal pipes E, E, of the lower tier, the opposite
ends of these pipes opening into the flues M, M, which lead direct to the
chimney N.
The action of this air-heating apparatus is as follows:-The flame and heat
of the furnace A, after playing round the outsides of the external pipes D, D¹,
in the body of the oven, enter the two inner pipe ", E, in the upper tier, as
shewn by the arrows, and after passing along these pipes and the flues L,they
enter the lower tier of internal pipes E', E', and, finally, passing out into
the flues M, M, which conduct them to the chimney N.
The air to be heated is forced in by any suitable blowing apparatus, or other-
wise caused to enter the space between the internal and external heating
pipes through the branch K in the uppor tier, and after passing through the
transverse pipe it enters the two pipes D,D, and passes along them into the
transverse pipe F, where it is conducted by the vertical pipe I to the transversc
pipe G of the lower series. From this pipe the air enters, and passes along
the two pipes D³, 1), and, finally, enters the transverse pipe G', whence it
passes out thoroughly heated through the branch K', and may be employed
in any case where the hot air may be required.
Although my Drawings shew ouly two tiers of pipes, and the sets in each
tier, it is obvious that any convenient number of sets of tiers may be employed.
The expansive joint shewn at Figure 4 is for the purpose of allowing for any
great difference of expansion and contraction in the internal and external
heating pipes. This joint, which is also shewn at 0,0, in Figures 1 and 3,
consists of a metallic packing ring P, which is passed over the internal pipe E,
anu is bolted near its inner circumference to a flange Q cast on the internal

page_text: pipe, whilst its outer circumference is bolted to a flange K in the end of
the external pipe D.
A small raised lip or flange is made on the inner edge of the ring P, for
the purpose of forming a good contact surface to bear upon the flangeQof the
internal pipe. The ring being thus secured to the internal and external pipes
respectively at its inner and outer circumference, the elasticity of the metal
of which it is composed will admit of it yielding slightly in either direction,
and thus allow for the difference of expansion or contraction of the internal
and external air pipes.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of iny said Invention; nor do I claim any
of the mechanical elements of which the said apparatus and parts of apparatus
are respectively composed, as being separately or apart from the use orappli-
cation of such elements, to form the combinations constituting such apparatus
and parts of apparatus respectively, as being any part of my said Invention;
but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent, is,-
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of
apparatus for heating air, as herein-before described.
Second, the combination of internal and external heating pipes in air-heating
apparatus, with a view to the heating of the air in thin strata, as herein-before
described.
Third, the peculiar construction and arrangement, of joints for pipes of
different diameters intended to be subjected to heat,as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Edwin Francis Jones, have hercunto
set my band and seal, the First day of Soptember, One thousand
eight hundred fifty-seven.
EDWIN FRANCIS JONES. (L.S.)