IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1886

page_text: We, GEORGE KEELEY, of Vankleek Hill, in the County of Proscott, in the
Province of Ontario, in the Dominion of Canada, Blacksmith, and JAMES BERNARD
LAWLOR, of the same place, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of our
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS," and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our Invention consists in the boreinafter described improvements:-First, in
the framework of the harrow; second, in the shape of the harrow teeth; and
third, in the device used for securing the teeth to the bulls or longitudinal portions
of the frame.
In the construction of our improved harrow we make the entire frame, both
bulls and cross-tics of square or rectangular bar iron and preferably of oblong
figure in transverse section, the longer dimension being vertical and the shorter
one horizontal, as shown in fig. 4.
The cross-ties C and D, shown in the drawings as having their ends bent and
secured to the bulls will form part of our Invention.
The method herein shown and described for securing both the cross-ties and the
harrow teeth to the bulls, also forms an essential feature of our Invention.
The harrow tooth to be used in connection with our improved frame and clips
possoss new and important features which we will now describe. They consist of
two kinds, first the "taper" teeth which are square or approximately so in cross
section,, and which slant rearwardly and downwardly a suitable distance after
which they drop vertically to the point in order that the points of the teeth may
be in the same relative position to the harrow frame as the points of the hook
teeth, so that when the two kinds of teeth are used together the points may be at
equal distances apart; and second the "hook" teeth which curve rearwardly and
downwardly from the harrow frame to a suitable distance, below which they curve
gradually forward terminating in flat points. This tooth is mainly triangular in
cross section having its angle which is opposite its base centrally in front.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate our improved harrow.
Fig. 1 is a general plan view of one section, any number of these sections may
be coupled together to form a complete harrow.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged sido view of taper tooth.
Fic & is a similar viam of the heal taath

page_text: Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the bulls, clip and tooth shank, and,
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of same on line xx.
The bulls A, are formed preferably in the zigzag or waved shape in fig. 1, having
those portions at which the teeth are attached lying in a uniform direction from
front to rear, parallel to line of draft, and so arranged that the courses of the teeth
will be at equal distances apart.
The central cross-tie B, is simply an iron bar having a portion of it at each
extremity, bent at an angle from the intermediate portion so as to pass longi-
tudinally through the clip which we will hereinafter more fully describe.
The end cross-ties C we make wider than deep as they will thus better
withstand the draft strain which comes upon them. The intermediate cross-ties D,
also pass through their respective clips and are made of a piece with the longi-
tudinal braces E, which are also secured to the end cross-ties C.
The different kinds of teeth used with this harrow will be fully understood
from the above general description and from the drawings. The rearwardly
inclined portions of the hook teeth F, fig. 3, prevent the harrow from sinking too
deeply into the soil while the taper teeth G, fig. 2, penetrate, pulverize and work
the soil as ordinary harrow teeth.
Both of these kinds of teeth are provided with the shanks a all of uniform size
and shape, in which are formed the grooves c and they may be driven tightly into
the clips under the bulls.
The clips H, are four-sided rectangular cases through which the bulls A, turned
ends of cross-ties B, C and D, and the shanks of the teeth pass, and in which they
fit closely together. The upper portion of the chamber in these clips is made just
of such dimensions as to fit snugly over the bull and end of the cross-tie. The
bottom part of the same chamber into which the tooth shank is fitted is made
somewhat larger than the upper part, so that the shanks of the teeth which fit into
it may be made sufficiently large and strong. This enlargement of the lower
portion of the chamber also permitting the clips to be carried round all the bends
in the bulls. The bottom side of the cliff extends back past the sides of the same,
forming the projection 6 upon which is formed the bead d which is intended to be
bent up into the groove c in the shank of the tooth and thus serve to hold the
tooth against getting loose and dropping. out. These clips are also provided with
the conical projection (fig. 5,) which is made to fit into a corresponding depression
in the upper side of the cross-ties and thus prevent any tendency to move or drop
out. The clips are made of malleable iron so that by simply tapping with a
hammer, the projection 6 is easily turned up into the groove in the shank after the
tooth shank has been well driven into the clips.
The hook or eye g by which the several sections of the harrow are hinged
together is cast with or attached to one of the clips as shown in fig. 1.
It may be observed that the use of the clips H, obviates the necessity for
punching holes. in the bulls to hold the teeth as is now the common practice, and
by this means a great saving is effected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, wo declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The hook teeth F, provided with the shank a, in which is formed the
groove c, extending in a downwardly and rearwardly inclined direction from the
said shank to a suitable distance, and thence curving forwardly to its point,
substantially as shewn and described.
2. The taper teeth G, provided with shank a, in which is formed the groove o,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
3. The four-sided and chambered clip H, having the projection b, arranged to
surround and bind together the harrow teeth and the bulls and cross-ties of the
harrow frame, and formed substantially as shewn and described,

page_text: 4. The intermediate cross-ties D, formed on one piece with the longitudinal
brace E, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The combination of the clips H, with the hook at eye g, by which the
sections of the harrow are hinged together.
6. The combination of the cross-ties C and D, having their ends bent so as to lie
upon and in line with the bulls A, with the clips H, substantially as herein shewn
and described.