IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL MATTERS RESULTING FROM AND OBTAINED IN THE PURIFICATION AND DIS- TILLATION OF MINERAL OR HYDROCARBON OILS, AND ALSO IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL TAR AND VARIOUS WASTE OR OTHER ALKALINE AND LIME SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF UTILIZING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James Lundy, of Leith, in the County of Mid-
Lothian, North Britain, Color, Grease, and Chemical Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL
MATTERS RESULTING FROM AND OBTAINED IN THE PURIFICATION AND DIS-
TILLATION OF MINERAL OR HYDROCARBON OILS, AND ALSO IN THE TREATMENT
OF COAL TAR AND VARIOUS WASTE OR OTHER ALKALINE AND LIME SUBSTANCES
FOR THE PURPOSE OF UTILIZING THE SAME."
Sealed the 19th July 1867, and dated the 26th January 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John James Lundy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
January 1867.
I, JOHN JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
Color, Grease, and Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL
MATTERS RESULTING FROM AND OBTAINED IN THE PURIFICATION AND DISTILLATION
OF MINERAL OR HYDROCARBON OILS, AND ALSO IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL TAR
AND VARIOUS WASTE OR OTHER ALKALINE AND LIME SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE
OF UTILIZING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of the residual matters resulting
from and obtained in the purification and distillation of mineral coal, shale,

page_text: peat, petroleum, or other hydrocarbon oil that has been treated with acid
or alkali, or both, and also to the treatment of coal tar (and various waste
or other alkaline and lime substances for the purpose of utilizing the same.)
The acid tar may be made into grease for lubricating or for the purpose of
being distilled by the neutralisation of the acid by a solution of a caustic alkali,
soda ash, carbonate of soda, soda crystals, potash, pearlasb, or other alkali or
other alkaline substance, or with alkaline tar or alkaline bottoms remaining
as a deposit after the treatment of oils by an alkali; railway grease or the
refuse of railway grease after the same has been used, either before or after
the separation of the palm oil from it, in which case it is better to be
separated from the metallic grit in it by steaming or otherwise; alkaline or
lime, cotton foots, the residual matter after the treatment of cotton oil with
au alkali or with lime, alkaline liquors resulting from the treatment of rags;
esparto, or other grass, cotton, linen, or other rags or oily waste, or other
alkaline matters from paper mills, or the treatment of other fibrous matters,
or the alkaline liquors or products obtained in treating wool or woollen
materials; soft soap, or any other alkaline or lime soap, soda waste, the
product of soda manufactures, or any combination of them, in combination
with dry slaked or pulp lime, whiting, Paris white, chalk, or other carbonate
of lime spent lime, resulting from the chloride of lime used in bleaching
paper or other materials; spent or waste lime, resulting from the
purification of gas or the spent or waste lime the product of soap makers.
These various substances in one process I use for the utilization of acid
tars of oil refiners in a cold state by being mixed together in an ordinary
mixer or agitator, or any other mode, whereby the mixture is properly com-
pleted and the neutralization of the acid effected, whether by hand or by
machinery, as is well understood, and that by a combination of any one or
more of the alkaline and lime substances, or one or more of each, according
to the wants and requirements of the operator.
. It will be found preferable first to partially neutralize the acid tar that may
be used with an alkali or an alkaline substance, and then add thereto lime or
a lime substance to complete the neutralization, or after its complete neutrali-
zation with an alkali or alkaline substance to add thereto a lime or a lime
substance, or to commence with a lime or lime substance, and whether wholly
or partially neutralized with it to finish the operation with an alkali or
alkaline substance. For some purposes, and in the absence of sufficiently
cheap alkaline matters, the operator will find it useful to neutralize the acid
tar with an alkali or an alkaline matter, and then add thereto coal tar, in which

page_text: case I prefer to use what is generally known as rehned coal tar, which is
the tar from gas or other works deprived of its ammoniacal water and naptha.
Grease to be an efficient lubricator requires to be free from any uncombined
mineral acid, and it is therefore necessary for the operator to neutralise the
mineral acid that may have been used by any one or more of the neutralisers
herein-before named, and which neutralisation should be made complete, and
it is better that the neutraliser or neutralisers used should be in excess of
what is actually required to complete the neutralisation. Thus grease may be
made from the acid tars by any combination of the substances named in
proportions to suit the wants of the operator, or according to the strength or
quantity of the acid remaining in the tar, or the consistency or kind of the
tar itself, or the strength, consistency, or kind of the neutraliser or neutralisers
used, the object to be attained being to deprive the acid tar of its free acid by
neutralisation without loss of the acid, and to prevent the resulting grease
It will, therefore, be found
from drying if not intended for distillation.
preferable in making grease that whatever the alkaline neutraliser or
neutralisers may be used that before or after the neutralisation is completed
a quantity of slaked or pulp lime, waste gas lime, paper makers' waste lime,
soap makers' waste lime, or soda waste, or some other lime substance should
be mixed in the compound, if the operator has not used one or more of them
before the use of the alkali or alkaline substance or substances he may have
selected to mix with the acid tar; should the operator, however, wish to do
so he can first neutralise the acid tar partially or wholly with slaked or pulp
lime, waste gas lime, paper makers' waste lime, soap makers' waste lime, soda
waste lime, or other line substances, and afterwards the grease will be found
of
generally improved by the addition of the solution of an alkali or by any
the waste or other alkaline substances herein-before named, all of which
It is
operations may be varied with the requirements of the operator.
necessary that the operator should so regulate his proportions in neutralising
the acid with the alkaline tar or other alkaline substances, that the resulting
solution of sulphates should not be sufficiently strong to crystalise, and if the
acid in the tar or the alkaline substance or substances used are sufficiently
strong to produce crystals of sulphates, the operator will easily prevent their
formation by adding water sufficient to bring the resulting sulphates of the
alkalies below their crystallising point, or the acid would be better partially
or wholly neutralised previously by the addition of a lime substance. It is
better that the lime substance or substances the operator may use should be
first carefully passed through a fine seive, and I prefer to have them first mixed

page_text: with water and allowed to become a stiff pulp, the stiffness of which may be regu-
lated according to whether the operator wishes to produce a stiff or a thin grease.
If the operator finds that from the state of the acid tar, lime, or alkali or
alkaline matter, or any or either of them, the resulting grease is too stiff or
too stringy for this purpose, it will be found that it can be freed or improved by
the addition of a little more alkali or alkaline substance or substances, or by an
addition of mineral oil, still bottoms, crude or refined shale, peat, petroleum;
dead pitch, green, pressed, or other mineral oil, or any other animal, vegetable,
or mineral oil that is generally used for lubricating purposes, or by addition of
soft or other soap, coal tar, or one or more of them, whereby it may be freed
or made of the consistency, quality, or price required.
In another process I neutralize the acid tar by the same substances as I
use in the cold way, but I generally heat them together in any open vessel
when the resulting sulphates combining with the oily matter in the acid or
other tar floats on the top, leaving on cooling any unneutralized acid tar below
when the operator ceases stirring. The liquid grease when warm can be
decanted to be cooled into stiff grease or used for distillation, or it may be
allowed to cool in the boiler and afterwards removed for either purpose.
In another process I make a grease by admixture with gas tar, by
preference using the refined coal gas tar with gas works spent lime, or with a
solution of caustic alkali, carbonate of an alkali, sulphate of an alkali, such
as magnesia, potash, or soda, or by the mixture of a solution of sulphate of
iron either alone or in combination with any of the other alkaline or lime sub-
stances before named, as used for the neutralization of acid tars, according to
the wants of the operator. After the neutralization of the acid tars, as
before named, with lime or lime substances, or any alkaline substance, singly
or combined, they may be used for the purpose of making artificial fuel or
gas-making material with or without the addition of coal, coal refuse, shale,
or other gas-producing material for the production of gas, or with or without
the addition of sawdust, spent bark, spent dye-woods, or other similar sub-
stances to make an artificial fuel with or without the addition of coal, coal
refuse, coal or other tar or pitch.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John James Lundy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd July 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Colour,
Grease, and Chemical Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John James Lundy, Her special license that I, the said John James Lundy,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
James Lundy, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF THE RESIDUAL MATTERS RESULTING FROM AND OBTAINED IN
THE PURIFICATION AND DISTILLATION OF MINERAL OR HYDROCARBON OILS, AND ALSO
IN THE TREATMENT OF COAL TAR AND VARIOUS WASTE OR OTHER ALKALINE AND
LIME SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF UTILISING THE SAME," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John James Lundy, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my band and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imine-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John James Lundy, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:
My said Invention relates to the treatment of the residual matters resulting
from and obtained in the purification and distillation of mineral coal, shale,
peat, petroleum, or other hydrocarbon oil that has been treated with acid
or alkali, or both, and also to the treatment of coal tar (and various
waste or other alkaline and lime substances for the purpose of utilising the
same).

page_text: The acid tar may be made into grease for lubricating or for the purpose of
being distilled by the neutralisation of the acid by a solution of a caustic
alkali, soda ash, carbonate of soda, soda crystals, potash, pearlash, or other
alkali or other alkaline substance, or with alkaline tar or alkaline bottoms
remaining as a deposit after the treatment of oils by an alkali; railway grease,
or the refuse of railway grease after the same has been used either before or
after the separation of the palm oil from it (and it is better to be separated
from the metallic grit in it by steaming or otherwise); alkaline or lime cotton
foots (the residual matter after the treatment of cotton oil with an alkali or
with lime); alkaline liquors resulting from the treatment of rags, esparto
or other grass, cotton, linen, or other rags, or oily waste, or other alkaline
matters from paper mills, or the treatment of other fibrous matters, or the
alkaline liquors or products obtained in treating wool or woollen materials;
soft soap, or any other alkaline or lime soap, soda waste, the product of soda
manufactures, or any combination of them, with or without the combina-
tion with dry slaked or pulp lime, whiting, Paris white, chalk, or other
carbonate of lime; spent lime resulting from the chloride of lime used in
bleaching paper or other materials, spent or waste lime resulting from the
purification of gas or the spent or waste lime the product of soap makers.
These various substances in one process I use for the utilisation of acid
tars of oil refiners in a cold state by being mixed together in an ordinary
mixer or agitator, or any other mode whereby the mixture is properly
completed and the neutralisation of the acid effected, whether by hand or by
machinery, as is well understood, and that by a combination of any one or
more of the alkaline and lime substances, or one or more of each according to
the wants and requirements of the operator.
It will sometimes be found preferable first to partially neutralise the acid tar
that may be used with an alkali or alkaline substance, and then to add thereto
a lime or a lime substance to complete the neutralisation, or after its complete
neutralisation with an alkali or alkaline substance to add thereto a lime or a
lime substance, or to commence with a lime or lime substance, and whether
wholly or partially neutralised with it to finish the operation with an alkali or
alkaline substance. For some purposes, and in the absence of sufficiently
cheap alkaline matters the operator will find it useful to neutralise the acid
tar with an alkali or an alkaline matter and then add thereto coal tar, in which
case I prefer to use what is generally known as refined coal tar, which is the
tar from gas or other works deprived of its ammoniacal water and naptha.
Grease to be an efficient lubricator requires to be free from any uncombined
mineral acid, and it is therefore necessary for the operator to neutralise the

page_text: mineral acid that may have been used by any one or more of the neutralisers
herein-before named, and which neutralisation should be made complete, and
it is better that the neutraliser or neutralisers used should be in excess of
what is actually required to complete the neutralisation.
Thus grease may
be made from the acid tars by any combination of the substances named in
proportions to suit the wants of the operator, or according to the strength or
quality of the acid remaining in the tar, or the consistency or kind of the
tar itself, or the strength, consistency, or kind of the neutraliser or neutralisers
used, the object to be attained being to deprive the acid tar of its free acid
by neutralisation without loss of the acid, and to prevent the resulting grease
from drying if not intended for distillation. It will, therefore, be found pre-
ferable in making grease that whatever may be the alkaline neutraliser or
neutralisers employed before or after the neutralisation is completed a quantity
of slaked or pulp lime, waste gas lime, paper makers' waste lime, soap makers'
waste lime, or soda waste, or some other lime substance should be mixed in
the compound, if the operator has not used one or more of them before the
use of the alkali or alkaline substance or substances he may have selected to
mix with the acid tar; should the operator, however, wish to do so he can
first neutralise the acid tar partially or wholly with slaked or pulp lime, waste
gas lime, paper makers' waste lime, soap makers', waste lime, soda waste lime,
or other lime substances, and afterwards the grease will be found generally
improved by the addition of the solution of an alkali, or by any of the waste
or other alkaline substances herein-before named, all of which operations may
be varied with the requirements of the operator. It is necessary that the
operator should so regulate his proportions in neutralising the acid with the
alkaline tar or other alkaline substances that the resulting solution of
sulphates should not be sufficiently strong to crystallize, and if the acid
in the tar or the alkaline substance or substances used be sufficiently
strong to produce crystals of sulphates the operator will easily prevent their
formation by adding water sufficient to bring the resulting sulphates of
the alkalies below their crystallising point, or the acid would be better
partially or wholly neutralised previously by the addition of a lime substance.
It is better that the lime substance or substances the operator may use
should be first carefully passed through a fine sieve, and I prefer to have them
first mixed with water passed through the sieve and allowed to become a stiff
pulp or paste. If the operator finds that from the state of the acid tar, lime,
or alkali or alkaline matter, or any or either of them, the resulting grease is
too stiff or too stringy for his purpose it will be found that it can be freed
or improved by the addition of a little more alkali or alkaline substance or

page_text: :
substances, or by an addition of mineral oil, still bottoms, crude or refined
shale, peat, petroleum, dead pitch, green, pressed, or other mineral oil,
or any other animal, vegetable, or mineral oil that is generally used for
lubricating purposes, or by the addition of soft or other soap, coal tar, or one
or more of them, whereby it may be freed or made of the consistency, quality,
or price required.
According to another process I neutralize the acid tar by the same substances
as I use in the cold way, but I gently heat them together in any open vessel,
when the resulting sulphates combining with the oily matter in the acid
or other tar floats on the top, leaving on cooling any unneutralized acid tar
below, when the operator ceases stirring. The liquid grease when warm
can be decanted to be cooled into stiff grease or used for distillation, or it may
be allowed to cool in the boiler, and afterwards removed for either purpose.
In another process I make a grease by the adinixture with gas tar (by
preference using the refined coal gas tar) with gas works spent lime, or with
a solution of caustic alkali, carbonate of an alkali, sulphate of an alkali,
such as magnesia, potash or soda, or by the mixture of a solution of sulphate
of iron, either alone or in combination with any of the other alkaline or lime
substances before named, as used for the neutralisation of acid tars, according
to the wants of the operator.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the application and use to and in the neutralisation of acid tars of
lime and alkali combined, and of lime combined with alkaline mineral oil tar,
substantially as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use to and in the utilisation of acid tars,
and the making of grease for lubrication or distillation of refuse railway
grease, alkaline or lime cotton foots, alkaline liquors from rags, esparto or
other grass, linen, cotton, or oily waste, or other alkaline matters from paper
mills, alkaline liquors or products obtained from treating wool or woollen
material or other fibrous matter, soft soap or any other alkaline or lime soap,
soda waste, spent line from paper, gas, or soap works either alone or in
combination with each other according to the requirements of the operator,
substantially as herein-before described.
Third, the addition to coal tar for its further utilization with a view to the
manufacture of a grease of the solution of an alkali or alkaline substance

page_text: with or without the addition of a lime or lime substance as used in the
utilization of acid tars singly or combined as well as by the addition
to coal tar of the solution of the sulphates, substantially as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John James Lundy, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.
AND. M. HUTTON, Witness.
WILLIAM LETHAM, Witness.
. JOHN JAMES LUNDY. (L.S.)