New or Improved Process for Shaping, Embossing, or Ornament. ing Hollow Metal Bodies, and Apparatus for Carrying the same into effect.
Year: 1896

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after Amend-
ment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as allowed by the
decision of the Chief Examiner of the 26th day of July 1898.
Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 6th June, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
A New or Improved Process for Shaping, Embossing, or Ornament.
ing Hollow Metal Bodies, and Apparatus for Carrying the same
into effect.
I, CARL HUBER, of I Graben, 28, Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the figures and
letters marked thereon that is to say:-
The object of the invention hereinafter described in detail is, in the first place,
te provide a process for the manufacture of hollow metal bodies, either with or with-
out figure ornamentations, as well as plain ornamented objects, by means of either
simple or compound engraved steel moulds or forms without risk of the latter
becoming destroyed although subjected to a very high pressure frequently amount-
ing to several thousand atmospheres, the reason of this being that said moulds are
surrounded on all sides by a pressure-substance and are therefore more or less
free from pressure.
The main principle of the invention is illustrated at Figure 1 of the accom-
panying drawings.
In a receiver R¹ there is a removeable piston D and a matrix-die m consisting
of several parts containing the design or ornament and held together by means
of a ring r.
Into the matrix-die m is placed by means of a tube R provided with lateral
apertures R a hollow metal body or shell k which has been formed by drawing
or pressing.
The tube R is received into a cylindrical recess D¹ in the face of the piston D.
In order to give to the hollow metal body or shell k the exact shape and to
reproduce thereon all the decorative designs and ornaments that are engraved upon
the matrix-die m the latter containing the hollow body or shell k is placed in the
hollow of the receiver or pressure chamber R¹ care being taken that the matrix-die m
touches neither the walls nor the bottom of the receiver R₁ but is centrally
arranged therein and it is for that purpose placed upon a kind of improvised
wire-stand m¹.
The entire space is now filled in either with molten metal or with some other
substance M whose melting point must, however, be lower than that of the hollow
metal body or shell k.
All the spaces both outside the matrix-die m and inside the hollow metal body
or shell with the exception of the space between the latter and the matrix-die m
will thus be filled up.
The substance or metal M employed for filling up the spaces outside the matrix-

page_text: die m might be of a cheaper description and less easily fusible than that M' (herein-
after more fully referred to) used for filling up the inside space of the metal body or
shell and required for the actual pressing but the latter, that is the easily fusible
metal, must occupy the pressure chamber above the line ; or instead of employ-
ing two metals of different degrees of fusibility, two metals or alloys which will
not combine and such as lead and zinc may be substituted therefor.
The core bar or mandril D is now placed in the bore of the receiver R' as
represented in the drawing and the whole subjected to hydraulic pressure the
amount of which is regulated according to the nature of the metal that is being
shaped or embossed the more fusible metal displaced by the descent of the piston D
passing into the tube R through the apertures R³.
Instead of employing hydraulic presses the pressure on the metal or filling up
substance may also be produced by blows under a steam hammer by mechanical
presses, stamping apparatus or other suitable means.
The spaces outside the matrix-die m may thus as already stated be filled up
with a harder but nevertheless compressible material M which should however,
be less easily fusible than the actual filling-up material M' which has to bear the
brunt of the main pressure.
The object of this arrangement is to free the matrix-die m from pressure-
notwithstanding the fact of the outer surface being larger than the inner one-to a
greater extent than would be possible if the materials used were of the same
description.
Moreover the difference in the materials used for filling up the outer and inner
spaces serves also to prevent the outer material M from penetrating into the joints
of the compound matrix-die m and to render the action of the inner material M¹
more effective, it being analogous to the action of water pressure, the use of which
although not altogether excluded, has not for the moment been taken into con-
sideration.
Having described the main principle of the invention some examples of its
practical application by means of appropriate machinery will now be given.
The whole contrivance shown in the foregoing figures and hereinhefore described
in detail and which may be described as a cartridge can be subjected to any
machinery capable of producing the requisite pressure either by hydraulic power,
by impact or by other means.
Figures 2, 3, 4, and the sectional views of Figure 2 show a series of hollow bodies
or objects which can be made by this process either singly (bottom included) or
else in a series of the same pattern and cut to lengths 1, 71 72 from one and the same
tube or hollow body or shell k and not only of cylindrical shape but also with
polygonal, oval or other section.
The hollow objects thus obtained can be ornamented with figures or any other
decorative designs, or the outer surface can be embossed in a variety of ways either
for decorative or technical purposes, as for instance in the case of tubes such as
heating tubes with undulatory or star shaped sections.
The duplex hydraulic press shown in Figure 5 is suitable for the manufacture
of articles of the above description on a large scale.
The divided mould m, Fig. 4, having the tubular shell k with mouthpiece R
introduced into it, and being enclosed in the outer casing r, the parts and R
are filled with the soft fusible metal M, and the ensing of the mould m is also
surrounded by a cylindrical mass of fusible metal M. The cartridge thus formed is
introduced into the pressure chamber R' of the hydraulic press at Fig. 5, as
indicated at p.
This hydraulic press consists of two cylinders arranged opposite each other and
whose pistons either press against each other under full pressure (in which case
there is no necessity for regulating the ways of the same) or else work on the
differential system in which case the cylinder of the one side (for instance a and A
has admitted thereto pressure water which acts on the face and back of the piston
whilst the cylinder of the opposite side receives pressure water at A' that is to say

page_text: at the back only of the piston the front annular surface a' not being exposed to
any pressure.
In this manner the cartridge » located in te receiver or pressure chamber R
is shifted or displaced in the direction of the undercharge or left hand cylinder.
During the shifting of the cartridge which is introduced at the side where the
pressure is greatest, the pressure material M pnetrating into the hollow metal
body or shell k, will have moulded the same into its ultimate shape and the
cartridge can thereupon be taken out on the other or left hand side of the receiver
or pressure chamber R'.
The hydraulic reversing gear is now so adjusted that on the removal of the old
cartridge a newly loaded one introduced at the left hand side of the receiver R¹,
travels from left to right this being effected by the left hand piston (which
hitherto received pressure water on both sides) being fed only on one side (the
water at a-the front side-is permitted to escape) whilst the right hand piston
is under pressure on both sides.
If desired the press could be fitted with a single hydraulic cylinder, in which
case the receiver or pressure chamber R' would be closed with a lid or cover
when charged with the cartridge, the pressure would then be applied, the lid or
cover afterwards removed and the cartridge ejected.
It may be here mentioned that the holding together of the compound matrix-
dies m can be effected not only by surrounding them with molten metal but also
by filling up the spaces round them with any other suitable material or with
plates made of some suitable material and of appropriate shapes, or by enclosing
them in a mantle or envelope which would render it unnecessary to renew the
same for each fresh charge.
In some cases the matrix-die may be formed of plaster and if desired in one
piece which would require to be destroyed in order to release the finished article.
There is a further application of the above process in connection with the
manufacture of bent tubes or pipes, such for instance, as the so-called lead syphons,
or traps.
Figure 6 shows such a pipe bent in several places.
Hitherto all such curved pipes had either to be cast, pressed or soldered and in
either case the process was both expensive and unreliable. By the present process
a pipe S with a smaller diameter than the one required is placed in the matrix-
die m consisting of two parts and left open at both ends. The tube S as well as the
receiver B together with the properly tightened matrix-die m placed therein;
are thereupon subjected to pressure by means of a pump with the aid of suitable
pressure material such as water, so that as in the case of the hollow metal bodies
above referred to, an expansion of the pipe is effected until it completely fills the
matrix-die m.
Simultaneously with the shaping of the pipe or tube any marks, designs,
ornaments or the like can be embossed thereon.
In the manufacture on a large scale the same pattern can either be repeated
several times in one and the same matrix-die, or by the aid of several matrix-dies
placed in the same receiver.
I am aware that it has been proposed to electrically heat a tubular metal blank
within a mould or matrix die while the interior and exterior of the blank and the
exterior of the mould are all subjected to differential fluid pressure, for the purpose
of causing the blank to assume the shape of the mould by such combined fluid
pressure, and I do not claim such a method of operating as forming part of my
present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A process for the manufacture of shaped, plain, or ornamental hollow bodies
from pipes, tubes, or shells of metal consisting in placing the latter in a suitable

page_text: matrix-die properly supported and forcing around the matrix-die and into the
interior of the hollow badly molten pressure substance such pressure substance being
of a lower melting point than the hollow body substantially as herein shown and
described.
2. A process for the manufacture of shaped, plain, or ornamental hollow bodies
from pipes, tubes, or shells of metal consisting in placing the latter in a suitable
matrix-die properly supported, and forcing into the interior thereof and around
the same molten pressure substances of a lower melting point than the hollow body
that upon the interior of the latter being of a lower melting point than that upon
the exterior of the matrix-die substantially as herein shown and described.
3. An apparatus for carrying into effect the process hereinbefore described con-
sisting of a hollow receiver or pressure chamber, a divided or other matrix-die
mounted centrally in the receiver or pressure chamber, and adapted to receive a
metal tube or shell and a piston actuated by any suitable motive power for forcing
molten metal or other pressure substance around the exterior of the matrix-die and
into the interior of the metal tube or shell substantially as herein shown and
described.
4. An apparatus for carrying into effect the process hereinbefore described con-
sisting of a hollow receiver, a divided or other matrix-die mounted centrally in a
receiver or pressure chamber, and adapted to receive a metal tube or shell, a tube
or holder for the metal shell laterally apertured beyond the latter, a piston fitting
into the receiver and recessed to receive the end of the holder of the shell and means
for actuating the piston and forcing molten metal or other pressure substance
around the exterior of the matrix-die and into the interior of the metal tube or
shell substantially as herein shown and described.
5. An apparatus for carrying into effect the process hereinbefore described con-
sisting of a hollow receiver or pressure chamber, a divided or other matrix-die
mounted centrally in the receiver and adapted to receive a metal tube or shell,
and a hydraulic press for forcing molten metal or other pressure substance
around the exterior of the matrix-die and into the interior of the metal tube or
shell substantially as herein shown and described.
6. An apparatus for carrying into effect the process herein before described con-
sisting of two hydraulic cylinders fitted with pistons entering each end of the
receiver or pressure chamber and differentially worked so that the cartridges are
alternately fed into and discharged from opposite ends of the receiver substantially
as herein shown and described.
Dated this 11th day of Walumam 1900
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.