IMPROVE- MENTS IN A MACHINE FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING SEEDS AND OTHER OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING THE OIL THEREFROM, AND WHICH MACHINE, WITH CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS OR ALTERATIONS, IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1830

page_text: BLUNDELL'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BLUNDELL, of tho Town of Kingston-upon-Hull, in the County of the said
Town, Merchant, send grecting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the
Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty, in the first year of His reign, did, for Himself,
His heirs and successors, give & grant unto me, the said Henry Blundell,
His especial licence that I, the said Henry Blundell, my exors, adiiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Blundell, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN A MACHINE FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING SEEDS AND OTHER OLEAGINOUS
SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF EXTRACTING THE OIL THEREFROM, AND WHICH
MACHINE, WITH CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS OR ALTERATIONS, IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said Henry Blundell, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited

page_text: Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Blundell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that
is to say):
My Invention consists in "Improvements in a Machine for Grinding or
Crushing Sced or other Oleaginous Substances for the Purpose of Extracting
Oil therefrom, and which Machine, with certain Improvements or Alterations,
is applicable to other useful Purposes," such machine forming the subject of
a Patent granted to William Benecke, bearing date at Westminster, the
Twentieth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven,
which said Patent has become my sole property by assignment from the
aforesaid William Benecke, and to the Specification of which as duly enrolled
the Twentieth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven,
I shall hereafter refer, in order to define more clearly what my improvements
consist of. In the accompanying Drawings I have represented four different
modes of constructing such machine having my improvements applied thereto,
the first being of a conical form, with the outer teeth on a plane at right angles
with the axis, the second and third being entirely conical, and the fourth
consisting of two flat plates, having chambers formed on the interior surface
for the purpose of distributing the seeds or other substances in an equable
manner.
Having stated generally the objects of my Invention, I shall now proceed to
describe the various parts of the apparatus which I have here represented, in
order to render the nature of my improvenients more evident.
Figure 1 is a front view of a hollow conc, having teeth or oblique scores cut
or formed on its inner surface, their ends being blunted or cut off to form a
channel of communication with each cavity or chamber wh
is formed
between the teeth or oblique scores. Figuró 2 is a section of the same.
Figure 3 is a side clevation of a solid cone having similarly formed teeth or
scores on its outer surface (not being blunted or cut off at their ends), which
solid cone is intended to fit into and revolve within the hollow cone for the
purpose of grinding or crushing any substances which may be introduced
between them. A section of this Figure, with the mode of affixing it on
a shaft in order to give rotary motion thereto, is shewn at Figure 4. In all
these four Figures the same letters of reference indicate similar parts.
'

page_text: a, a, a, are the teeth or oblique scores cut or formed on the inner surface
of the hollow cone, with the ends blunted or cut off to form a channel of
communication with the cavities or chambers between the teeth or oblique
scores; b, b, b, are a set of diagonally formed teeth, which project from and
extend around the whole of the base of the conc. The upper or cutting
surfaces of these teeth are formed on a plane at right angles with the axis or
shaft with which the solid conc revolves, rotary motion being communicated
to the solid cone, while the hollow cone remains firmly fixed by means of bolts
or screws through the lugs c, c, c, c, causes the teeth to come in contact and act
together on the seed or other substances intended to be ground or crushed.
In the above description I have not thought it necessary to describe tho
other parts shewn in theso Figures as they are fully described, together with
their operation, in the above-mentioned Specification of William Benecke.
Figures 5 and 6 represent two views of the second part of my improve-
ments. Figuro five is a front view of a hollow cone, having teeth or oblique
scores cut or formed on its inner surface, with their ends blunted or cut off in
the same manner and for the same purpose as represented in Figure 1, and also
having, like Figure 1, a set of diagonally formed teeth, which form and extend
around the whole of the base of the cone; both sets of teeth are on the same
bevel. The difference between this improvement and Figure 1 is that in this
Figure there is no flat or right angle surface at the base of the cone, and no
small tecth at the crown or truncated part of the conc. Figure 6 is a side
clevation of a solid conc, having similarly formed teeth or scores as represented
in Figuro 5 (but not being blunted or cut off at their ends), which solid cone is
intended to fit into and revolve within the hollow cone, Figure 5, for the samo
purposes as is described with reference to Figures 1 and 3. Figure 7 repre-
sents a section of the third part of my improvements, which is precisely the
same as Figures 5 and 6, except that the diagonal teeth a, a, at the base of
the cone form a more acute angle. Figures 8, 9, and 10, represent three
views of the fourth part of my improvements. Figure 8, A, is a front view
of a plate, which I prefer to be made of metal, having four lugs c, c, c, c,
which are intended to hold it firmly to suitable frames or standards by means
of bolts or screws; d, d, d, are a series of teeth or scores, cut diagonally on
the outer edge of the plate; c, c, e, c, are ribs or main teeth, which extend
obliquely from the inner edge of the teeth d, d, towards the teeth f, f, f,
having cavities at both ends of the ribs e, c, e, e, and also having notches in
them to allow the seed or other substance under process of grinding to pass
into and through the cavities or chambers a, a, a, which are formed around

page_text: the whole of the inner surface of the plate between the outer teeth d, d
and the inner ones f, f. The teeth f, f, are formed partly conical and
partly on a surface; parallel with the axis or shaft g is an opening formed
in the solid part of the plate for the purpose of introducing the seed, &c.
to be acted upon. Figure 9 is a front view of the revolving plate or runner,
having ribs or main teeth (not being blunted or cut off at their ends), which
form a series of chambers similar to those in the Figure last described; and
Figure 10 is a section of the same. The machine being heated to a ten-
perature of about 120 Fahrenheit (which I consider will greatly facilitate the
operation at the commencement of grinding), rotary motion may be given
to the shaft by any suitable power, and the seed introduced at the opening g,
from whence it will proceed through the passage h into the several chambers
formed by the ribs or main teeth c, e, on the two plates, where it will become
ground or crushed, and, if oleaginous, a considerable quantity of oil will exude
from between the teeth f, f, at the crown of the cone, whilst from the teeth
d, d, the meal or flour will be discharged warm enough to be in a proper
state to undergo the operation of pressing.
Having now described the various parts of my improvements, I wish it to
be understood that the principal features of this my Invention, and on which
I rest my claims to novelty, are-
First, the blunting or cutting off the ends of the teeth or oblique scores
a, a, a, in the inner surface of the hollow cone of Figure 1, so as to form a
communication with each cavity, and the mode of setting the teeth on a plane
at right angles with the axis in addition to the conical grinding, as seen at
b, b, b, in Figure 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Secondly, in dispensing with the teeth or notches at the crown of the cone,
and placing the other two rows of teeth on the same bevil, thereby giving an
uniform pressure, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
Thirdly, in placing the diagonal teeth a, a, at the base of the cone, as shewn
in Figure 7, at an acuto angle, instead of on one bevel line with the oblique
scores, as in Figures 5 & 6.
And fourthly, in the form and adaptation of the plates or runners with their
teeth and chambers, as shewn at d, d, and c, e, in Figures 8, 9, and 10, which
I believe aro entirely new as to the application for the purposes before men-
tioned.
I have, in the above description, confined the machino or apparatus to the
crushing of seeds and extracting oil therefrom; but in order to apply this
machine to the grinding of other substances not of an oily nature, it will

page_text: be necessary to form apertures in one or more of the chambers formed by the
principal teeth, whereby the material under operation may be delivered when
groundǝ
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Blundell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.