Improvements in Machinery for Swaging Rods and other Round Articles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 11th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 25th Mar., 1893
$
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Swaging Rods and other Round
Articles.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DAYTON, of No. 13 Litchfield Street, Torrington, in the
State of Connecticut, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is intended for swaging wires, needle blanks, nail blanks or any
circular articles that can be reduced by the action of dies, and the first part of the
improvements relate to the devices for controlling the movements of the swaging
dies, and the second portion of the invention relates to the devices for feeding in
the wire that is to be acted upon.
I make use of a revolving shaft supported by suitable bearings and having a
cross mortice at one end and within a surrounding shell or head, and there are
toggle blocks acted upon in one direction by springs and coming into contact with
the outer ends of the dies that occupy the cross mortice in the shaft, and these
toggle blocks as the parts revolve act to press the dies towards each other, and the
toggle blocks occupy nearly radial positions, and they are supported at their outer
ends by bearing blocks that are adjustable, and to adjust these bearing blocks,
suitable mechanism is made use of, such for instance as wedges or screws that are
acted upon simultaneously by means of peripheral gearing and pinions, or by a
longitudinally acting screw for moving the wedges in one direction or the other,
thereby bringing the swaging dies nearer together for forging smaller articles, or
further apart for forging larger articles, and where the followers of the toggle
blocks are moved during the swaging operation the circular articles can be swaged
that are larger at one place than at another.
In connection with swaging dies that are revolved and opened and closed during
their revolution, I make use of a feeding device that is adapted to act upon wire
drawn from a reel. This wire is straightened by the action of a stationary or
revolving wire straightener, and then it passes through feed rolls, and these feed
rolls are moved with regularity to supply the wire and pass it through between the
swaging dies where a uniform feed is desired, and these rolls or feeding devices
may be moved by gearing, or by a cam, so as to feed the wire along in proportion
to the rapidity of the reduction, that is to say when the reduction by the swaging
dies is considerable, the wire can be fed comparatively slow, and when the
reduction by the swaging dies is small the wire can be fed much faster.
When this invention is used for the manufacture of spokes for bicycle wheels,
the automatic feed is used in connection with an automatic mechanism for
regulating the extent that the swaging dies are closed so as to leave the wire for
the spoke thicker at one place than at another, and an automatic cutting device is
added for cutting off the spokes at the proper lengths and at the places where the
wire is the thickest, so that the spokes are left the heaviest and strongest at the
ends for the reception of screw threads, or other connecting devices for attaching
the spokes to the hubs and fellies respectively.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Swaging Rods and other Round
Articles.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DAYTON, of No. 13 Litchfield Street, Torrington, in
the State of Connecticut, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention is intended for swaging wires, needle blanks, nail blanks or any
circular articles that can be reduced by the action of dies, and the first part of the
improvement relates to the devices for controlling the movements of the swaging
dies, and the second portion of the invention relates to the devices for feeding in
the wire that is to be acted upon.
I make use of a revolving shaft supported by suitable bearings and having a
cross mortice at one end and within a surrounding shell or head, and there are
toggle blocks acted upon in one direction by springs and coming into contact with
the outer ends of the dies that occupy the cross mortice in the shaft, and these
toggle blocks as the parts revolve act to press the dies towards each other, and the
toggle blocks occupy nearly radial positions, and they are supported at their outer
ends by bearing blocks that are adjustable, and to adjust these bearing blocks, any
suitable mechanism is made use of, such for instance as wedges that are acted upon
simultaneously by mechanism for moving said wedges in one direction or the other,
thereby bringing the swaging dies nearer together for forging smaller articles, or
further apart for forging larger articles, and where the followers of the toggle
blocks are moved during the swaging operation the circular articles can be swaged
that are larger at one place than at another.
In connection with swaging dies that are revolved and opened and closed during
their revolution, I make use of a feeding device that is adapted to act upon wire
drawn from a reel. This wire is straightened by the action of a stationary or
revolving wire straightener, and then it passes through feed rolls, and these feed
rolls are moved with regularity to supply the wire and pass in through between
the swaging dies where a uniform feed is desired, and these rolls or feeding devices
may be moved by gearing or by a cam, so as to feed the wire along in proportion to
the rapidity of the reduction, that is to say, when the reduction by the swaging
dies is considerable, the wire can be fed comparatively slow, and when the reduction
by the swaging dies is small the wire can be fed much faster.
When this invention is used for the manufacture of spokes for bicycle wheels, the
automatic feed is used in connection with an automatic mechanism for regulating
the extent that the swaging dies are closed so as to leave the wire for the spoke
thicker at one place than at another, and an automatic cutting device is added for
cutting off the spokes at the proper lengths and at the places where the wire is the
thickest, so that the spokes are left the heaviest and strongest at the ends for the
reception of screw threads or other connecting devices for attaching the spokes to
the hubs and fellies respectively.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine with one of the gears partly removed
to show the cams, the cutting die being in section.
Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the feeding rolls and the actuating mechanism,
the swaging dies and the revolving shaft being removed for greater clearness.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the head and swaging dies, Fig. 1, with the
shaft fitted to be moved end wise.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section in larger size representing the revolving shaft,
head and the toggle blocks and wedges for adjusting the follower blocks, and
Fig. 5 is an elevation of the same parts with the cap plate removed.
The swaging dies A are in a cross slot in the revolving tubular shaft B, and

page_text: within the stationary head or shell C there are radial slots for the reception of the
followers G, which latter act upon toggle blocks H. Springs H¹ keep said toggle
blocks against the stops H2 when said toggle blocks are not in contact with the
dies A, but as the shaft B and dies A are revolved in the direction of the
arrow Fig. 5, the pairs of toggle blocks are swung in succession by contact with
them of the outer ends of the swaging dies, and said dies A are thereby brought
against the wire or article between said dies to swage the same.
The head or shell C may be supported by the standard or frame C¹ and tubular
bearing C², as in Figs. 1 and 3, or said head may be in one with the standard C',
as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5. The cap plate G³ holds the toggle blocks and
followers in place and the plate A¹ is at the end of the shaft B and holds the
dies A in position.
The shaft B is revolved by a belt to the driving pulley B³, and upon said shaft B
there is a fly wheel B' and loose pulley B³.
In order to adjust the followers & either to compensate wear or to allow the
swaging dies to be opened or closed more or less during the swaging operation I
provide the wedges I that are guided in mortices in the head C and act upon the
followers G, and accordingly as these wedges are moved in or out so the
swaging dies will be brought nearer to or further apart and thereby reduce more
or less the article being swaged. These wedges may be operated by any suitable
mechanism so that all the wedges are moved to the same extent.
In Fig. 4 I have shown the wedges as provided with pins 2 entering a groove
in the ring 3 around a nut 4 that is upon a screw threaded portion of the
bearing C; by rotating this nut all the wedges will be operated simultaneously
in one direction or the other according to the direction in which said nut is
turned.
If it is desired to operate said wedges automatically during each revolution of
the shaft B, so as to leave the article thicker at one place than another, as in the
manufacture of spokes for bicycle wheels, the ring 3 will be fitted to slide upon
the cylindrical portion 5 of the bearing C, as illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 4,
and said ring and wedges will be moved back and forth by the lever 11, shown also
by dotted lines in said Fig. 4 and by full lines in Figs. 2 and 3.
The lever 11, see Figs. 1 and 2, is operated at the proper time by a cam E ou
the shaft F to move the ring 3, Fig. 4, back and forth as aforesaid, or it may move
the shaft B back and forth, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, when there are
rollers D set at an inclination, as in Fig. 3, to act upon the swaging dies A through
intermediate die blocks; but I remark that I do not claim herein the inclined
rollers D, as they are contained in my application for British Letters Patent
No. 12,927, of July 14, 1892.
When the shaft B is moved back and forth by the lever 11, said lever act's
upon a collar 15. between nuts 14, 14, screwed upon said shaft B as shown
in Fig. 1.
The worm pinion 9 acts upon the wheel V upon the cross shaft F, so that the same
is rotated at the desired speed, there being a driving pulley U upon the counter-
shaft T, and upon this shaft F there are the cams for giving the movements
hereafter described.
The reel of wire is represented at J upon a suitable support, and such wire is
drawn over and between the straighteners K, which straighteners may be of any
suitable character; I have represented them as small rolls, and the feed rolls are
represented in pairs. I prefer to use three pairs of feed rolls L, L1, L2, and these
are all geared together, so as to move in the proper direction and with uniformity
of speed, and one of the rollers receives motion from a gear wheel M upon a shaft n,
and this movement is progressive, there being a ratchet wheel N loose upon the
shaft n and a pawl o upon the gear wheel M and to the ratchet wheel N a
reciprocating partial rotary movement is given by the connecting rod to a
lever P that is acted upon in one direction by a camp, and the spring acts in the
other direction, and the shape of the cam p is such that motion is communicated

page_text: .
through the ratchet wheel N, gear wheel M and pawl o at the proper time and with
the proper speed, so that the feed takes place as the dies are brought nearer
together by the end movement before described, so that the wire is fed at the proper
speed during the reduction thereof by the swaging dies, and when the proper end
movement has been given and the article produced is to be cut off, the feed is
momentarily stopped, and this is effected in this instance by the shape of the cam p
which allows the ratchet wheel N to be rotated in such a direction that the pawl o
runs over the teeth thereof and catches at the proper place for giving a further
progressive movement in feeding in the blank.
It will be understood that the wire as it is reduced by the swaging operation at
the proper places passes along through the hollow revolving shaft B, and at the
rear end thereof a cutting apparatus of any suitable character is provided; I have
shown this cutting apparatus as consisting of a stationary block R, and a shear S
acting therewith, and this usually is lifted so that the wire or swaged article passes
along through the block R until it reaches the screw stop 16 which arrests the
movement of the wire while the shear S is brought down to cut off the wire. This
shear S is actuated at the proper time by the cam t, lever u and connecting rod v,
and the parts are returned to their normal position by the spring w; and it is to be
understood that the parts are so timed that in swaging an article such as a spoke
for a wheel, the dies are open after the swaged portion has been completed, and the
spoke that is to be cut off reaches the screw stop 16; and then the cutting is
effected while the feeding device is upon the return stroke and the rollers remain
quiescent, and then the dies are closed to reduce the wire to the proper extent and
the feed comes into action to carry the wire along while the body of the spoke is
being reduced to the proper size, the swaging dies are then allowed to open
sufficiently for the wire to be fed along, and either not reduced or only partially
reduced, and the end of the wire coming against the stop 16, the movement of the
wire is arrested and the end spoke is cut off as before described and the operations
are repeated.
In cases where the feed rolls are moved with regularity so that the feed is
continuous, the opening and closing of the dies and the cutting devices are so timed
as to act properly upon the wire, and the cut can be sufficiently rapid not to cause
the wire to bend by the momentary cutting operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. The combination with the swaging dies and the revolving shaft carrying
the same, of toggle blocks arranged to act successively upon the swaging dies and
mechanism, substantially as specified, for adjusting the toggle blocks simultaneously
for bringing the swaging dies nearer together or further apart, substantially as set
forth.
Second. The combination with the revolving shaft and swaging dies carried by
the same, of toggle blocks acting successively upon the swaging dies, bearing blocks
for the outer ends of the toggle blocks, a shell surrounding the toggle blocks and
slotted for the reception of the bearing blocks and adjusting mechanism, substan-
tially as specified, for acting simultaneously upon the bearing blocks to bring the
swaging dies nearer together or further apart, substantially as set forth.
Third. The combination with the revolving shaft and the swaging dies carried by
such shaft, of toggle blocks, a shell within which such toggle blocks are placed,
bearing blocks for the outer ends of the toggle blocks, wedges for adjusting such
toggle blocks and mechanism for moving all of the wedges simultaneously to adjust
the bearing blocks and toggle blocks for varying the opening between the swaging
dies, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the swaging dies and the mechanism for revolving
and acting upon the same, of a wire straightening device, feed rollers for supplying
the wire to the swaging dies, and automatic intermittent mechanism for acting upon

page_text: the feed and a cutting mechanism brought into action while the feed is out of action;
substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The combination in a swaging machine, of swaging dies, a revolving
shaft carrying the same, mechanism for acting upon the swaging dies, adjusting
mechanism acting endwise of the revolving shaft for varying the opening and
closing of the swaging dies, a straightening mechanism for acting upon the wire as
it passes from a reel, feeding rolls in pairs geared together, between which the
straightened wire passes, automatic mechanism for moving the feeding rolls, the
same acting intermittently, and a cutter, a stop for the end of the wire and
mechanism for acting upon the cutter to sever the finished article during the time
that the feed movement is arrested, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination with the swaging dies and the mechanism for revolving
and acting upon the same, of a wire straightening device, feed rollers for supplying
the wire to the swaging dies, and automatic mechanism for acting upon the feed and
a cutting mechanism brought into action while the feed is out of action, substan-
tially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination in a swaging machine, of swaging dies, a revolving
shaft carrying the same, mechanism for acting upon the swaging dies, adjusting
mechanism acting end wise of the revolving shaft for varying the opening and
closing of the swaging dies, a straightening mechanism for acting upon the wire as
it passes from a reel, feeding rolls in pairs geared together, between which the
straightened wire passes, automatic mechanism for moving the feed rolls, and a
cutter, a stop for the end of the wire and mechanism for acting upon the cutter to
sever the finished article during the time that the feed movement is arrested,
substantially as set forth.
P
1000
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.
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