Improvements in Apparatus for use in Filtering and Purifying Oils, Glucose, or other like matters.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 14th Oct.. 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for use in Filtering and Purifying Oils,
Glucose, or other like matters.
I, JOSEPH PELAT of 45 Rue St. Sebastien Paris in the Republic of France
Coppersmith do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to apparatus for filtering purposes by means of heated air
which is more especially adapted for use in purifying oil that has been used for
lubricating, or other purpose and has become thick and heavy but the invention is
not limited thereto as it may be employed for instance for filtering and purifying
glucose (grape sugar) and other analogous substances.
In an apparatus constructed or arranged according to my invention the oil
or matter to be filtered or purified is passed into a closable vessel preferably slightly
conical with its smaller end downwards in the lower part of which are filtering sheets
one below the other. This vessel is surrounded by a double casing consisting of an
outer casing and an inner perforated casing with a steam coil between. The vessel'
and its casings are mounted in the top of a receptacle for the purified oil or the like
which preferably has a further filtering sheet at its upper part. This receptacle is
provided with a gauge glass shewing the level of the oil therein and provided with
a three way tap for opening communication between it and the reservoir and a
discharge nozzle as required. There is also a tap for emptying the receptacle of
water and a tap for drawing off the purified oil therefrom the said taps being at
suitable different levels for the purpose. There may be a peep hole for inspecting
the interior of the apparatus. The oil or other matter to be filtered or purified is
placed in the upper vessel and steam is passed into the coil.
The heated air passes into the interior through the perforated casing and the oil
becoming heated in the upper vessel passes through the filters in succession and falls
into the receptacle below preferably passing through a filter at the top thereof as
before mentioned. The filters may be of felt in one or more layers or sheets
according to the density of the oil or matter under treatment and there may be any
desired filtering or purifying matter between the sheets.
A's the purified oil or matter of a like kind falls into the receptacle_any_water
contained in the oil separates and takes a position between the taps for drawing off
the oil or the like and the water. The gauge glass communicates with the interior
of the receptacle by a rising tube so that only oil or the like passes thereinto so as
to show the amount of oil contained in the receptacle by means of a scale next to,
or on, the gauge glass.
The oil cannot undergo any alteration from contact with the heated coil.
The filtering media used in this apparatus are preferably made of felt from pure
wool woven and pressed this being readily cleaned by benzene. Between the filters,
pipes may be inserted communicating with the outside air at their upper ends so as
to facilitate the filtering process.
For the ready removal of the sheets of felt when it is desired to clean them and
their readjustment the lower portion of the upper vessel is formed in parts held in
position by means of holts hinged to a flange on the uppermost of the parts and
fitted with screw nuts at their lower ends which engage in slots in a projecting flange
on the lowest of the parts. Between these parts the filters are held securely in
position without any pressure being exerted on the liquid which flows naturally
through the filters by its own weight. To remove the said parts and the filtering
sheets the screws are loosened and the hinged bolts swung aside. Small pegs fitting

page_text: into holes in the flanges may be employed for facilitating the replacing the said
parts in position.
Dated this 14th day of January 1892.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COME LEIE DIEUIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for use in Filtering and Purifying Oils,
Glucose, or other like matters.
I JOSEPH PELAT of 45 Rue St. Sebastien, Paris in the Republic of France
Coppersmith do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to filtering apparatus in which heated air is employed and
which is more especially adapted for use in purifying oil that has been used for
lubricating or other purposes and has become thick and heavy but the invention is
not limited thereto as it may be employed for instance for filtering and purifying
glucose (grape sugar) and other analogous substances.
In an apparatus constructed or arranged. according to my invention the oil or
matter to be filtered or purified is passed into a vessel containing a series of
filtering sheets and surrounded by a double casing consisting of an outer casing
and an inner perforated casing with a steam coil arranged between the said
casings so as to heat the air in the vessel. The vessel and casing are mounted
upon a receptacle for the purified oil or the like which is preferably provided
with an additional filtering sheet or purifier at its upper part.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in vertical section an apparatus
constructed according to this invention.
Figure 2 represents a portion of the upper part of the apparatus in horizontal
section.
Figures 3 to 8 illustrate in detail certain parts connected with the arrangements
for securing the filtering cloths or felts in position as hereinafter explained.
Figure 3 represents the upper part of the filtering chamber in elevation and
Figure 4 illustrates a portion of the same viewed from below.
Figure 5 represents in elevation one of the sections forming the lower part of
the filtering chamber and Figure 6 represents a portion of the same viewed from
below.
Figures 7 and 8 are similar views of the bottom section of the filtering chamber.
Figures 9 and 10 represent in elevation (partly in section) and plan respectively
a filtering apparatus in combination with sundry auxiliary apparatus attached
to the same stand or support conveniently arranged for use in factories or other
public or private establishments.
,
The filtering apparatus as represented in Figures 1 and 2 is constructed with an
external casing A and an internal perforated casing B with a heating coil C,
preferably of red copper, placed between the casings A and B. D D¹ D² are
filters formed by sheets of felt attached at their edges to a vessel V of conical
form suspended inside the double casing A B and receiving the refuse oil which is
to be filtered, the said oil being supplied either directly to the vessel V or being
previously, passed through a heater as hereinafter explained. The double casing A B

page_text: is supported upon a receptacle F containing the purified or filtered oil at G and
provided at its upper part with a felt filter E of hollow or basin form and of extra
thickness which receives the oil flowing from the bottom filtering sheet D². The
receptacle F is provided with a gauge glass K combined with a graduated scale M,
being supported at its upper extremity in a socket H and at its lower extremity in
a socket communicating either with the vessel F or with the atmosphere through
a three way cock I. The vessel F is further provided with a sight hole R, a
cock L for drawing off the purified oil and a cock or valve J for emptying the
receptacle. The upper part of the apparatus is provided with a valve N controlling
the supply of steam to the worm C and the lower part of the latter communicates
with a blow off or discharge pipe O. The inner vessel V is provided with a cover Q
and the casing A is provided with handles P.
In using this filtering apparatus the material to be filtered such as thick or refuse
oil escaping from the bearings of shafting or other machinery producing friction
(such as steam engines, electrical apparatus and the like) is poured into the conical
vessel and the cover is placed in position. The valve N communicating with
a suitable steam supply pipe is then opened so as to allow the steam to circulate
in the worm C. The heat radiated from this worm and passing with the air freely
through the perforated casing B is concentrated by means of the casing A. and
cover upon the contents of the vessel V. The oil contained in this vessel being
thus heated passes successively and rapidly through the filters D D D and falls in
drops upon the purifying filter E. This filter is preferably composed of four or
more sheets of felt for example according to the density of the oil or may be
constructed with any suitable filtering material contained between two sheets of
felt which prevent the said material from mixing with the purified oil. The triple
filter in the vessel V. purifies the oil sufficiently to render it fit for use nevertheless
it is preferable to cause it to pass through the purifying filter E which removes .all
traces of impurity. The progress of the operation may be watched through the
sight hole R.
The purified oil falls into the receptacle F in which the water accompanying the
oil accumulates in the lower part between the cock L and the cock J being drawn
off through the latter as required. When the oil in the receptacle Frises to the
level of the tube communicating with the cock I it passes into the gauge glass K
and the quantity of oil at Ġ can be ascertained by means of the graduated
scale M.
The oil cannot be injured or prejudicially affected in any way as it is not allowed
to come into direct contact with the worm C and this method of filtering enables
the same lubricating oil to be continually employed thus effecting a saving of about
90 per cent.
The filtering sheets preferably employed are specially manufactured of pure wool
felt woven and fulled which can be easily and effectually cleaned by soaking them
in benzene, brushing gently and pressing. A. wringer or roller apparatus may be.
employed for this purpose. The cleaning may be performed once a month or
oftener if necessary.
Air tubes represented by dotted lines in Figure 1 (and.
seen in the details Figures 5 and 7) communicate with the spaces between the
filters D D1 D2 in order to facilitate the filtering action.
l
In order to enable the filtering sheets to be readily removed for cleaning and
replaced in position it is advantageous to construct the lower part of the filtering
vessel V in two parts connected together by bolts hinged to a flange on the
upper part of the vessel as represented in Figure 3 and provided at their free.
extremities with wing nuts c which bear against a flange on the lower section..
By these means the three joints between the sections and the filtering felts can
all be tightened up at once and without exerting any pressure upon the liquid.
which flows naturally through the filters by the action of gravity.
In order to disconnect the annular sections of the vessel V it is simply necessary
to slacken the nuts c after which the bolts 6 may be moved outwards so as to

page_text: withdraw them from the notches or slots provided for their reception in the
flanges of the sections which latter may then be separated for the purpose of
removing the felts D D D². To facilitate putting the sections together with
the slots in their flanges in their proper positions for engaging with the bolts b
they are provided with pins engaging with corresponding holes in the adjacent
flanges.
When employed for filtering or purifying waste or refuse lubricating oil for
example according to this invention a filter constructed as herein before described
is preferably combined with a heating apparatus and a washing apparatus with
rollers all these apparatus being attached to one support formed by a plate or
sheet of metal arranged for being hung upon a wall in a convenient place. A
combination of this description is illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 and comprises a
filter proper marked I arranged between a heating apparatus II in which the oil to
he purified is placed in the first instance and a washing apparatus III with rollers
for cleaning the filtering felts. These three apparatus are firmly fixed upon a
bracket or support Y bolted to the lower part of a strong plate X of sheet metal
the lateral edges of which are bent forwards as indicated in Figure 10 so as to
partially enclose the apparatus.
The heating apparatus II consists of a vessel G provided with handles P¹ and a
cover Q. In the interior of this vessel there is a heating coil or worm C¹ supplied
with steam through a valve N and a pipe and serving to heat the impure oil
contained in the said vessel G which is provided with a draw off cock L' and with
a cock at the bottom for drawing off the water or emptying the vessel when
required. The vessel is also provided with a gauge glass combined with a
graduated scale A' being supported at the upper end by a socket union H¹ and at
the lower end by a socket on a three way cock I'.
The washing or rolling apparatus III is constructed with two iron side frames S
supporting the guides T for the bearings or brasses of the rollers U and connected
by a transverse bar T. The polished cast iron rollers U employed for cleaning
and pressing the felts are driven by toothed gearing worked by a crank handle w
and their pressure is regulated by means of screws a acting on the brasses of the
upper roller. Strips of leather attached to transverse bars are provided for the
purpose of cleaning the rollers whilst the felts are being rolled. The oil and dirt
removed from the felts is received in a trough provided with a cock through
which they may be discharged into a bucket or receptacle =
The plate X is provided with rings or the like for enabling it to be hung open
a wall and is also provided with brackets or supports for the steam pipes and
connections and with hooks for supporting sundry tools or utensils employed in
working the apparatus such as spanners, an iron scraper or rod provided at one end.
with a piece of leather for cleaning the bottoms of tlie vessels, two drawing off cans
(one being for the dirty oil and the other for the filtered oil) and a copper bowl or
dipper for examining the oil before and after the filtering operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A filter for filtering and purifying oils, glucose and other like matters by the
aid of steam and heated air consisting of an upper chamber constructed with a
double casing A B (the inner casing B being perforated to allow of the passage
of the heat or heated air) in the interior of which is a vessel V provided with
a series of filtering surfaces or partitions and heated by a worm C placed in
the annular space between the casings A and B in combination with a purifying
filter E and a receptacle F for the purified liquid provided with suitable
accessories or fittings all substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figures 1 to 8 of the accompanying drawings.
2. The arrangements and combinations of parts constituting improvements in

page_text: apparatus for use in filtering and purifying oils, glucose or other like matters
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8 of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of October 1892
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.