Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating Liquors Containing Salts and for Separating such Salts when Rendered Insoluble by Evaporation of the Liquors.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application. 26th Feb.,.1890
Complete Specification Left. 27th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 26th May, 1891
Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating Liquors Containing
Salts and for Separating such Salts when Rendered Insoluble by
Evaporation of the Liquors.
Communicated abroad by Doctor SIGISMUND PICK, of Szczakowa, in Galicia.
I, EDWARD GEORGE LAWRANCE, of 40 Sackville Street, in the County of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in the apparatus described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to 'G. I. J. Wells dated 6 April 1887
No. 5124.for evaporating liquors containing salts and separating the salts deposited
from the concentrated liquors.
The apparatus described in that Specification comprises a number of boilers,
three in the example illustrated, each provided with a central internal heating
chamber formed by two tube plates traversed by tubes that place the upper and
lower parts of the boiler in communication. The heating chamber of the first
boiler is provided with an inlet pipe for live or exhaust steam, and the heating
chambers of the second and third boilers are placed in communication with the
upper ends of the first and second boilers respectively, the interior of the third
vessel being placed in communication with a condenser provided with an air pump
by which a high degree of rarefaction can be produced in such boiler. The
arrangement is such that the steam produced in the first boiler by the heat of the
live or exhaust steam admitted to the heating chamber of that boiler, is utilized in'
the heating chamber of the second boiler for evaporating liquid in such second
boiler, the steam generated in which is in like manner utilized in the heating.
chamber of the third boiler for evaporating liquor in that boiler, and a vacuum is
produced in each of the boilers, that in the second being greater than that in the
first, and that in the third greater than that in the second.
To separate the salt precipitated by the evaporation of the liquor, each boiler is
provided at its lower end with a vacuum filter comprising two main parts viz., a top.
part that can be placed in communication with the lower end of the boiler above it
by a sluice valve (or it might be otherwise) and a bottom part that can be placed
in communication with the upper portion of the same boiler by a pipe; the
filtering medium is arranged between the top and bottom main parts of the filter
which are connected together when the apparatus is in use. The side wall of the
top part of the filter is provided with an air inlet pipe, a pipe with rose for supplying"
water to wash separated salt, and with a manhole through which the separated salt
can be withdrawn from time to time as required.
"Now the present invention has for objects to improve the construction of the
above described apparatus and to render it more efficient and economical.
To adapt the apparatus for effectively treating large quantities of liquor at a
time, the upper part of the boiler is made of greater diameter than the heating
chamber. With this construction the depth of liquor will be small even when
treating a comparatively large quantity, and the boiling of the liquor can be more
advantageously carried on than heretofore.
In order to facilitate the descent and deposit in the lower part of the boiler of the
salt precipitated by evaporation of liquor and to prevent scaling of the tubes of
the heating chamber these tubes are made of gradually increasing cross sectional
area from their upper towards their lower ends. By this construction increased
heating surface is also obtained.
To enable the separated salt to be quickly discharged by gravity from the top

page_text: part of the filter and thereby to dispense with the manual labour heretofore
necessary for removing the salt, the following construction is adopted :-The
filtering medium, for example a perforated plate covered with a layer of porous
material, such as cloth, is secured within the bottom part of the filter, and this
part is so mounted and arranged in relation to the top part that it can be quickly
moved from below the top part containing the salt which can thus be allowed to
fall into a suitable receptacle placed below to receive it.
For this purpose a
convenient arrangement is to hinge the bottom part of the filter to the top part so
that the bottom can swing downward, a screw bolt or other suitable catch being
provided whereby the bottom can be quickly secured or released as required. To
admit of the opening and closing of the bottom part of the filter without breaking
its connection with the upper end of the boiler above it, the communication is
formed partly by a flexible pipe or hose.
As will be obvious some of the improvements referred to may be used without
the others.
And in order that the present improvements may be clearly understood reference
is made to the accompanying drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, of an apparatus embodying all
the improvements hereinbefore referred to; it also shews in elevation a truck on
rails to receive the salt or other matter deposited.
Fig. 2 is a section on the line x x Fig. 1.
1 is the upper part of the boiler, 2 the lower part, 3 the tubular beating chamber;
4 the valve casing for a sluice valve or other suitable arrangement serving the same
purpose; 5 is the top part of the vacuum filter; 6 is its bottom part. As will be
seen all these parts are made separate from one another but so that they can be
readily connected in the order shewn and are easily accessible for inspection and
repair.
The upper part 1 of the boiler is shewn as made of greater diameter than
the heating chamber 3 in order to reduce the height or pressure of the brine or
other solution treated and consequently to facilitate its rapid evaporation. The
part 1 is provided with a pipe 7 with valve 8 by which its interior can be placed in
communication with a condenser (or with the heating chamber of the next apparatus
if two or more are used together) for the purpose of producing a vacuum in the
boiler to assist evaporation of liquor therein. 9 is a vacuum gauge. The heating.
chamber consists of a cylindrical shell within which are secured two flanged tube.
plates 10, 10, in which are fixed tubes 11 that serve to place the upper and lower
parts of the boiler in communication. These tubes are according to this invention
made of gradually increasing cross sectional area as they proceed downward, being
in the example of conical form. 12 is an inlet pipe with valve for admitting steam
to the interior of the heating chamber to surround the tubes 11. 13 is a connection
for a steam trap; and 14 is a pressure gauge. The lower part 2 of the boiler, which
in the example shewn, supports the other parts of the apparatu and is of suitable
material and is carried by a suitable framework or support 15 and is in the form
of an inverted truncated cone. To it is attached an inlet pipe 16 with valve for
admitting the liquor to be treated, for example brine, in the manufacture of salt
for which this apparatus is specially adapted. The sluice valve and its case 4 may
be of any suitable construction adapted to provide a free passage, when the valve
is opened, between the top part 5 of the filter and the lower part of the boiler.
The top part 5 of the filter is formed with two lateral openings 17 and 18
respectively establishing communication between its interior, when required, with
the atmosphere by a pipe 19 with valve, and with a water supply by a pipe 20.
21 is a manhole with cover. 21°, 21* are glazed sight holes. 22 is a perforated plate
upon which the filtering material is placed. For the more economical working of
the apparatus this perforated plate 22 with filtering material is secured in the bottom
part 6 of the filter.
6* is a projecting ledge within the part 6 of the filter, which
part is formed with a projection 6' or lugs by which it is hinged or jointed at 6° to
a similar projection or lugs on the top part 5. 23 is a counter-balance weight
secured to a rod carried by the projection 6. 24 are screw bolts (one only of which

page_text: can be seen in the drawings), jointed to the bottom part 6 and capable of turning
upward so as to pass through slots 25, 25* in the flanges of the bottom and top
parts 6 and 5 respectively when these parts are brought together. On each bolt 24
is a nut 26 whereby the two parts of the filter can be firmly held together but
nevertheless in such a manner as to admit of readily releasing the bottom part.
27 is a length of flexible pipe or hose connecting the outlet branch 6d of the bottom
part, with a pipe 27" that is provided with valve. By these pipes 27 and 27* liquor
filtered from the salt can be conveyed from the bottom part of the filter to the
upper part of the boiler (wherein a vacuum is maintained) by the pressure of the
atinosphere admitted to the interior of the top part of the filter through the pipe 19.
With this construction after the salt deposited in the top part of the filter has been
separated from the liquor with which it was mixed, and such liquor has been forced
through the pipes 27 and 27" to the upper part 1 of the boiler, the bottom part 6 of
the filter can be quickly unfastened and allowed to assume the open attitude
indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1 and the salt in the top part then allowed to fall
by gravity into a suitable truck or receptacle 28 placed to receive it, the flexible
hose permitting this' movement of the lower part of the filter without breaking
connection with the pipe 27*. As will be obvious a single apparatus constructed as
herein before described can be used by itself or a number of them may be connected
together as in the arrangement of apparatus described in the former Specification
herein before referred to.. In the latter case supposing three (or more) apparatus
to be used, the upper ends of the first and second boilers are connected with the
beating chambers of the second and third boilers respectively in order to utilize the
heat of the steam generated in the first and second boilers for evaporating liquor
in the second and third boilers respectively as in the original arrangement of
apparatus.
-
When using two or more apparatus of the kind herein described for evaporating
brine it is advantageous to supply the brine to each apparatus separately and not
to admit it to one vessel and cause it to flow therefrom to the next as described in
the said former Specification.
Dated this 26th day of February 1890
W. LLOYD WISE,
6, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating Liquors Containing
Salts and for Separating such Salts when Rendered Insoluble by
Evaporation of the Liquors.
Communicated abroad by Doctor SIGISMUND PICK, of Szczakowa, in Galicia.
I, EDWARD GEORGE LAWRANCE, of 40 Sackville Street, in the County of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
:-
This invention has reference to improvements in the apparatus described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to G. I. J. Wells dated 6 April 1887
No. 5124 for evaporating liquors containing salts and separating the salts deposited
from the concentrated liquors.
The apparatus described in that Specification comprises a number of boilers,
three in the example illustrated, each provided with a central internal heating
chamber formed by two tube plates traversed by tubes that place the upper and
lower parts of the boiler in communication. The heating chamber of the first
boiler is provided with an inlet pipe for live or exhaust steam, and the heating
chambers of the second and third boilers are placed in communication with the
upper ends of the first and second boilers respectively, the interior of the third

page_text: Avessel being placed in communication with a condenser provided with an air pump
by which a high degree of rarefaction can be produced in such boiler. The
-arrangement is such that the steam produced in the first boiler by the heat of the
live or exhaust steam admitted to the heating chamber of that boiler, is utilized in
the heating chamber of the second boiler for evaporating liquor in such second
boiler, the steam generated in which is in like manner utilized in the heating
'chamber of the third boiler for evaporating liquor in that boiler, and a vacuum is
produced in each of the boilers, that in the second being greater than that in the
first, and that in the third greater than that in the second.
To separate the salt precipitated by the evaporation of the liquor, each boiler is
provided at its lower end with a vacuum filter comprising two main parts viz., a
top part that can be placed in communication with the lower end of the boiler
above it by a sluice valve (or it might be otherwise) and a bottom part that can be
placed in communication with the upper portion of the same boiler by a pipe; the
'filtering medium is arranged between the top and bottom main parts of the filter
which are connected together when the apparatus is in use. The side wall of the
top part of the filter is provided with an air inlet pipe, 'a pipe with rose for
'supplying water, brine, or other suitable liquor to wash separated salt, and with a
manhole through which the separated salt can be withdrawn from time to time as
required.
Now the present invention has for objects to improve the construction of the
above described apparatus and to render it more efficient and economical.
To adopt the apparatus for effectively treating large quantities of liquor at a
time without increasing the pressure or head of the solution, the upper part of the
boiler is made of greater diameter than the heating chamber. With this con-
struction the depth of liquor will be small even when treating a comparatively
large quantity, and the boiling of the liquor can be more advantageously carried
on than usual.
In order to facilitate the descent and deposit in the lower part of the boiler
of the salt precipitated by evaporation of liquor, and to prevent scaling of the
tubes of the heating chamber, these tubes are made of gradually increasing cross
sectional area from their upper towards their lower ends.
To enable the separated salt to be quickly discharged by gravity from the top
part of the filter and thereby to dispense with the manual labour heretofore
necessary for removing the salt, the following construction is adopted ;-The
filtering medium, for example a perforated plate covered with a layer of porous
material, such as cloth, is secured within the bottom part of the filter, and this part
is so mounted and arranged in relation to the top part that it can be quickly moved
from below the top part containing the salt which can thus be allowed to fall into
a suitable receptacle placed below to receive it. For this purpose a convenient
arrangement is to hinge the bottom part of the filter to the top part so that the
bottom can swing downward, a screw bolt or other suitable catch being provided
whereby the bottom can be quickly secured or released as required. To admit of
the opening and closing of the bottom part of the filter without breaking its con-
nection with the upper end of the boiler above it, the communication is formed
partly by a flexible pipe or hose.
As will be obvious some of the improvements referred to may be used without
the others.
And in order that the present improvements may be clearly understood reference
is made to the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification in which,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation of an apparatus embodying all
the improvements herein before referred to; it also shows in elevation a truck on
'rails to receive the salt or other matter deposited.
Fig. 2 is a section on the line a x Fig. 1.
1 is the upper part of the boiler; 2 the lower part; 3 the tubular heating
chamber; 4 the valve casing for a sluice valve or other suitable arrangement
'serving the same purpose; 5 is the top part of the vacuum filter; 6 is its bottom

page_text: part. As will be seen all these parts are made separate from one another but so
that they can be readily connected in the order shewn and are easily accessible for
inspection and repair. The upper part 1 of the boiler is shewn as made of greater
diaineter than the heating chamber 3 in order to reduce the height or pressure of
the brine or other solution treated and consequently to facilitate its rapid evapora-
tion. The part 1 is provided with a pipe 7 with valve 8 by which its interior can
be placed in communication with a condenser (or with the heating chamber of the
next apparatus if two or more are used together) for the purpose of producing a
vacuum in the boiler to assist evaporation of liquor therein. 9 is a vacuum gauge.
The heating chamber consists of a cylindrical shell within which are secured two
flanged tube plates 10, 10, in which are fixed tubes 11 that serve to place the upper
and lower parts of the boiler in communication. These tubes are according to
this invention made of gradually increasing cross sectional area as they proceed
downward, being in the example of conical form. 12 is an inlet pipe with valve
for admitting steam to the interior of the heating chamber to surround the tubes 11.
13 is a connection for a steam trap; and 14 a pressure gauge for the heating
chamber. The lower part 2 of the boiler which in the example shewn supports the
other parts of the apparatus and is of suitable material and is carried by a suitable
framework or support 15, is in the form of an inverted truncated cone. To it is
attached an inlet pipe 16 with valve for admitting the liquor to be treated, for
example brine in the manufacture of salt, for which this apparatus is specially
adapted. The sluice valve and its case 4 may be of any suitable construction
adapted to provide a free passage, when the valve is opened, between the top part 5
of the filter and the lower part 2 of the boiler. The top part 5 of the filter is
formed with two lateral openings 17 and 18 respectively establishing communi-
cation between its interior, when required, with the atmosphere by a pipe 19 with
valve, and with a water supply by a pipe 20. 21 is a manhole with cover.
21, 21 are sight panes or glasses. 22 is a perforated plate upon which the
filtering material is placed. For the more economical working of the apparatus
this perforated plate 22 with filtering material is secured in the bottom part 6
of the filter. 6' is a projecting ledge within the part 6 of the filter, which part
is formed with a projection 6b or lugs by which it is hinged or jointed at 6° to
a similar projection or lugs on the top part 5. 23 is a counter-balance weight
secured to a rod carried by the projection 6b. 24 are screw bolts (one only of
which can be seen in the drawings), jointed to the bottom part and capable
of turning upward so as to pass through slots 25, 25* in the flanges of the
bottom and top parts 6 and 5 respectively when these parts are brought together.
On each bolt 24 is a nut 26 whereby the two parts of the filter can be firmly
held together but nevertheless in such a manner as to admit of readily releasing
the bottom part. 27. is a length of flexible pipe or hose connecting the outlet
branch 6d of the bottom part, with a pipe 27 that is provided with a valve.
By these pipes 27 and 27* liquor filtered from the salt can be conveyed from the
bottom part of the filter to the upper part of the boiler (wherein a vacuum is
maintained) by the pressure of the atmosphere admitted to the interior of the
top part of the filter through the pipe 19. With this construction after the salt
deposited in the top part of the filter has been separated from the liquor with
which it was mixed, and such liquor has been forced through the pipes 27
and 27 to the upper part 1 of the boiler, the bottom part 6 of the filter can
be quickly unfastened and allowed to assume the open attitude indicated by
dotted lines in Fig. 1 and the salt in the top part then allowed to fall by gravity
into a suitable truck or receptacle 28 placed to receive it, the flexible hose per-
mitting this movement of the lower part of the filter without breaking connection
with the pipe 27. As will be obvious a single apparatus constructed as herein-
before described can be used by itself or a number of them may be connected
together as in the arrangement of apparatus described in the former Specification
herein before referred to. In the latter case supposing three (or more) apparatus
to be used, the upper ends of the first and second boilers are connected with the

page_text: heating chambers of the second and third boilers respectively, in order to utilize
the heat of the steam generated in the first and second boilers for evaporating
liquor in the second and third boilers respectively as in the original arrangement of
apparatus. The heating chamber of the first apparatus is fitted with a steam trap,
whilst those of the second and third apparatus are connected with pumps for
drawing off the condensed steam. The upper part and heating chamber of the
second and third apparatus are connected to pipes for leading non condensible
gases from these parts to an air pump, as well understood.
When using two or more apparatus of the kind herein described for evaporating
brine it is advantageous to supply the brine to each apparatus separately and not
to admit it to one vessel and cause it to flow therefrom to the next as described in
the said former Specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In an apparatus of the kind herein referred to for evaporating solutions of
salts that precipitate matter rendered insoluble by evaporation and wherein a
partial vacuum is maintained during evaporation, constructing the heating chamber
located between and connected to the upper and lower parts of the boiler with
tubes of gradually increasing cross sectional area as they proceed downward sub-
stantially as herein before described for the purposes specified.
2. In an evaporating apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claim
securing the filtering medium within the bottom part of the filter casing and con-
necting that part to the top part of the filter and also by means of a flexible pipe
with the interior of the upper part of the boiler wherein a partial vacuum is main-
tained substantially as described so that the bottom part of the filter can be readily
and quickly caused or allowed to assume an attitude in which it will allow the
contents of the top part to fall out without breaking the connection with the boiler
as set forth, for the purposes specified.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved apparatus
hereinabove described and shown in the drawings for evaporating liquor containing
salt and separating the salt.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.