Year: 1795

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PASSMAN, of Doncaster, in the County of York, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Twenty-first day of March last past, grant unto me, the said John Passman,
my exors, adiñors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole priviledge
and authority, that I, my exors, adññors, and assigns, and every of them, by
myself or themselves, or by my and their deputy and deputies, servants, or
agents, or such others as I, my exors, adiňors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein 'expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend my said Invention within that part of Great Britain called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and.
also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such manner as
to me, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or any of them, should in my or their
directions seem meet, and that I, my exors, adñññors, and assigns, shall and
lawfully may have and enjoy the whole property, benefit, commodity, and
'advantage, from time to time arising by reason of the said Invention, for the
term of years therein mentioned, to hold and enjoy the same for the term of
fourteen years as therein mentioned; in which said Letters Patent there is a
proviso, obliging me under my hand and seal to cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within

page_text: one kalendar month after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the said in part recited Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Passman, do hereby describe and declare the nature of my said "INVENTIONS 5
FOR THE PREPARING OF WOOL, HEMP, FLAX, &C., FOR SPINNING; AND ALSO MY NEW
IMPROVEMENT FOR SPINNING THE SAME INTO A THREAD." That is to say, that the
merits of my Inventions for Preparing and Spinning of Wool, Hemp, Flax, &c.,
consists in its opening the staple and bringing it into a proper state for lashing
upon a comb or heckle. The mode of doing it is by laying the raw material 1
upon an endless cloth in a frame which conveys it through rollers, and as soon
as it presents itself through the said rollers is taken regularly as it comes by
what I call urchins, which is a cylinder or roller filled with crooked teeth,
and which urchins are placed upon an horizontal wheel moving round upon
its perpendicular axis; the urchins are upon shafts, and so contrived as to give 1
them a retrogade motion to make. them fill properly and discharge in a regu-
lar manner what they take from the feeding rollers (at the end of the endless
cloth), upon a large cylinder filled with straight or crooked teeth and so
placed as to receive, by every revolution of the horizontal wheel (upon which
the small urchins are placed), all they take from the feeding rollers, and 2
which is afterwards taken off the large cylender or urchin by rollers, and
which cylender is made to move slowly on its own axis for that purpose.
For a description of the foregoing machine see Fig. 1 in the annexed
Drawing.
My other mode of preparing wool, hemp, flax, &c., is to have two arms
(or it may be done by one) at each end of a shaft, which shaft is laid horizon-
tally on one or more necks in a frame, and by moving it round the arms are
turned.vertically. Upon each of the arms must be a tube or pipe, at the end
of which are placed a pair of rollers, giving the motion you want to have by
pulleys or wheels, and through which rollers the raw material passes and is a
Inid upon a cylinder filled with teeth moving upon its own axis, or a straight
comb or heckle moving in a rack, or a circular comb or heckle moving hori-
zontally, and then drawn off by rollers to convey the wool, hemp, &c. to
the tube or pipe. An endless cloth in a frame is placed at the end of each arm
upon which the wool, &c. is laid, and conveyed by rollers up the tube or pipe s
to the rollers at the end of the arms.
N.B. To prevent the wool, &c. from getting too much twist from the revo-
lution of the arms, I recommend its being put into cans or basketts and placed

page_text: upon a table with a retrogradė motion. See Fig 2 in the annexed
Drawing..
My Invention for spinning consists in having a collar upon the spindle,
which at the same time it rises and falls with the rising board is carried
round with the spindle. The bobbin, being put upon the spindle, rests upon
the collar. To make the bobbifi take up, friction is laid upon it, either by the
pressure of a band against the bottom of it, or by a spring or brush, or any
part of the usual means: By this Invention all súperfluous pull or drag upon
the yarn is prevented; consequently, it spins with a degree of safety nearly
mathematical to any possible degree of fineness or softness. The collar may
be made to go round with the spindle and yet rise and fall with the rising board
by various means; yet, in every case the principle of its action will be the
same: for instance, the spinille may have a groove in the side, at least the
length of the bobbin, in which a stud in the collar may glide, as in Fig" 5
in the annexed Drawing, or vice versa. There may be a stud in the side
of the spindle and a groove in the collar: in this case the collar must be
at least as deep as the bobbin is long; otherwise, when the rising board is up,
the collar will be lifted off the stud, or when it is down it will sink below-the
stud. See Figure 4 in the annexed Drawing. The same effect may be pro-
duced by having one or more of the sides of the spindles flatted, and the hole
in the collar to correspond with the spindle so flatted. See Figure 6 in the
annexed Drawing. Note, the collar should be made of wood or any other
material, and so smooth as to glide easily up and down the spindle and against
the rising board, and so heavy as always to bear steady upon the rising board.
The Figures or Drawings herewith annexed, with the description given, will
plainly shew the true nature and disposition of the parts of these my said
Inventions.
Fig. 1, A, the feeding trough, where the wool, &c. is to be laid. at the
bottom of which is an endless cloth to conduct the material through rollers.
B, the small urchin filled with crooked teeth and fixed upon shafts, which
shafts are placed upon a circular or other shaped frame, and given action_to
by a worm or wheels placed upon the shaft on which the urchin or other
shaped frame hangs. C, the large urchin filled with teeth, and so placed as
to receive what the small urchins take from the feeding rollers, from the revo-
lutions of the circular frame on which the small urchins are placed. The
material is taken off the large urchin by rollers, the large urchin having a
slow motion for that purpose. The rollers must have a draw upon them. D
the cans or baskets to receive the wool, &c., in a prepared state.

page_text: Fig. 2, E, E, the cans with the wool, &c., set upon a table, which is to be moved
round by a pulley. The wool, &c., being twisted to make it hang together, is put
into the feeding trough F, F, which have an endless cloth at the bottom, with
rollers to convey the material up the pipes or tubes G, G, at the end of which
aro a pair of rollers with proper motion to deliver the same upon urchin,
rack, or comb, HI, H, H, H. P, the leg shaft, and laid in a frame on which
the pipes or tubes G, G, are connected, and by revolving upon its own axis gives
a vertical motion to the said pipes or tubes. I, I, the cans to hold the wool.
and so taken off by rollers from the urchin, rack, or comb H, H, H, H, which
is given motion to by different means.
A,
Fig. 3, K, the spindle and fly, with a stud upon the spindle; L, the bobbin;
M, the collar, grooved to slide up and down the spindle. Fig. 4, K, hori-
zontal section of the spindle; L, the stud; M, the collar; N, the groove.
Fig. 5, K, horizontal section as before; L, the groove; M, the collar; N, the
stud. Fig. 6, K, the horizontal section as before; L, the collar, with central
hole corresponding with the flatted side of the spindle.
Fig. 7, to prevent the possibility of the collar now always keeping down
upon the rising board, it may have a flanch below the rising board as well as
above, as in Figure 7.
Fig. 8, H, rack comb. Fig. 9, H, circular comb.
N.B. The action and movements to my Inventions may be done in different
ways, which a mechanic, from knowing the principles, can easily do.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Passman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April in the year of our Lord
Christ One thousand seven hundred and ninety-five.
This Deed was signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named John Passman in
my presence, and was by him acknow-
ledged to be his Deed, at Doncaster, in
the County of York, this Eighteenth day
of April, in the year One thousand seven
hundred and ninety-five, before me,
(L.B.) JNO PASSMAN.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of April, in
the year of our Lord 1795, the aforesaid John Passman came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.