AN IMPROVED REGULATOR OR GOVERNOR
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Linglin, of Charleroy, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
REGULATOR OR GOVERNOR."
Sealed the 16th October 1874, and dated the 27th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Linglin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th April 1874.
I, EDWARD LINGLIN, of Charleroy, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED REGULATOR OR GOVERNOR," to be as follows:-
c
My Invention relates to an improved regulator or governor with two
balls flying out by centrifugal force.
As shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings it consists:-
On each end of the spindle of a lever arm A, B, and a connecting rod
B, C, D, actuating the sliding collar M at C extending beyond the
sliding collar, and carrying the ball at the end D of this extension.

page_text: This connecting rod may be straight or curved, that is to say, that the
ball is on the actual extension of the part B, C, or under this extension.
This governor differs from those hitherto used by the arrangement of
the connecting rods or levers operating the sliding collar which carry the
balls beneath this sliding collar, and by an X angle more or less decided
formed by the rectilineal parts of the connecting rods comprised between
the sliding collar and their ends.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Linglin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LINGLIN, of Charleroy, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, 'for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Linglin, Her special licence
that I, the said Edward Linglin, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Linglin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others; from time to time and at all times thercafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED

page_text: REGULATOR OR GOVERNOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Edward Linglin, executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Strument Do writing
ццист
CECES UL
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Linglin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My Invention relates to an improved regulator or governor with two
balls flying out by centrifugal force.
:
As shewn, Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawing, it
consists On each side of the spindle of a lever arm A, B, and a
connecting rod B, C, D, actuating the sliding collar or socket Mat C,
extending beyond the sliding collar, and carrying the ball at the end D
of this extension. This connecting rod may be straight or curved, that
is to say, that the ball is on the actual extension of the part B, C,
(Fig. 1) or under this extension (Fig. 2). This governor differs from
those hitherto used by the arrangement of the connecting rods or levers
operating the sliding collar which carry the balls beneath this sliding,
collar, and by the angle a more or less decided, formed by the rectilincal
parts of the connecting rods comprised between the sliding collar and
their ends.

page_text: I expressly declare that the connecting rods of my governor may be
curved. The centres of oscillation or of suspension A and C may be
upon or outside the spindle A, C, of the governor. That which dis-
tinguishes it in every case is the suspension of the sliding collar to the
connecting rods carrying the balls, and between the two extremities of
this connecting rod.
Further, I claim as of my Invention all governors carrying the balls
at the extremities of connecting rods extended beyond the sliding collar
which they actuate, no matter what the points of suspension, the shape,
and the curve of the levers thereof.
I will now enter upon certain considerations which will render
appreciable the advantages of my governor over those hitherto known.
It is well known that "Watt's" governor, the most simple of all
known governors, has the defect of not being isochronal, that is to say,
that it may turn in equilibrium at different speeds according to the
height of the sliding collar.
There are now a somewhat considerable number of governors having
great isochronism, but this property has generally been obtained only
at the expense of other equally important qualities, such as simplicity
and safety. Thus the governors having counterweights are too com-
plicated, those with springs very uncertain, some, like "Bul's'
" governor,
have an insufficient lift or traverse of sliding collar, others necessitate
considerable dimensions and weight of metal.
Further, most of the isochronal governors possess a variable sensi-
tiveness opposed to a perfect regularity, that is to say, which decreases
when the speed increases.
Lastly, all these governors have a serious defect, consisting in an
exaggerated energy which prevents their acting with the desired delicacy
upon the distributing apparatus, the result being that these governors,
far from regulating the working of the engine, render the perturbations
produced in the speed stronger and more numerous. It has been sought
to remedy this defect by means of a cataract; these governors have been
thus rendered more complicated but no better.
I have ascertained and propose shortly to publish a treatise upon the
several causes which engender an excess of energy in centrifugal force

page_text: governors, and in the theoretical composition of my governors, I give
to them such energy as I deem suitable.
"
One of the most simple means of obtaining isochronical governors is
certainly that which consists in modifying "Watt's
governor in the
arrangement and curve of its connecting rods which is what "Farcot"
and Tchebicheff " have successively proposed. Nevertheless their
governors are complicated and still exact considerable dimensions and
weight of metal.
Without knowledge of the last governors which have appeared
("Proel" and "Tchebicheff's), I have not only had the idea of
modifying in every possible manner the typical governor of "Watt,"
but also the typical governor (without springs) of "Foucault.". Now
this latter governor, and all those deriving from it, present a theory
and consequently properties completely distinct from those of the first.
In fact in these governors the connecting rods which carry the balls
actuate directly the sliding collar, and it is this which distinguishes them
from "Watt's governor, and those deriving therefrom.
""
In "Foucault's "
governor (see Fig. 3 of the Drawing) the centres
of oscillation A of the upper rods of the jointed parallelogram and
the centres B of the balls are and remain on a same horizontal plane.
The result is that if in this governor the weight of the sliding collar M
be abstracted the equilibrium of rotation can exist only by means of a
spring; but if the weight of the sliding collar be taken into account
this spring is no longer necessary. I have started from this typical
governor without springs, and have, first separated the connecting rods
M₁ B₁ from the lower rods M₁ G₁ of the parallelogram, making the first
turn round the points M while leaving them however invariably fixed
at these points to the rods M₁ G₁. I have thus formed a first series of
governors composed of two rods A, G, and have two curved connecting
rods G, M, B, with centres of oscillation A and M₁l placed theoretically
upon the axle A, M, and differing the one from the other by the size
and the direction of the angle G₁ M, B, (Fig. 4).
11
11
I would here observe that the theory, and consequently the property
of each of these governors, remain the same, no matter what may be
the points at which the parts M, B, are attached to the parts M, G,
of the connecting rods, so that the positions of the balls do not change.
Thus in Fig. 4 the part M, B, may be replaced by the dotted parts B, D,

page_text: or again by the part B, G. From whence it results that “Proel's”
governor is a particular instance of my governors. I then had the
idea of displacing the centres A and M of the preceding governors
in a same plane, passing by the axles and the centres of the balls, as
done by "Farcot" with "Watt's" governor. In this manner I obtain
other series of governors (such as series Fig. 5) differing from each
other accordingly as the centres of oscillation A and M are shifted,
together or separately, to the right or to the left of the spindle. Finally,
I have reversed all these governors. Having made the same combi-
nations with "Watt's" governor I have concluded from my calculations
that the series of governors with two balls which offer the greatest
advantages are those derived from "Foucault's" governor, and in which
the halla oso pleaed haneeth the sliding collar (see Figs. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
1.

page_text: 4°. Everything being equal these governors may have a traverse or
lift of sliding collar much greater than that of other ball governers.
Thus I can construct governors on the system Fig. B having a lift or
traverse of sliding collar of 12 inches (30 centimètres), and not having
more than 20 inches (50 centimètres) in height, by 16 inches (40 centi-
mètres) in breadth. This is a great advantage; it is well known that
a governor acts the more delicately upon the butterfly valve the morc
closely the journey of the sliding collar corresponds with the smallest
variation in the opening of the valve. This property further permits
a considerable dimminution in the resistance of the sliding collar, and
consequently in the total weight of the governor.
5°. The sensitiveness of the governer of the system Fig. A may be
considered constant. This sensitiveness varies the further the points
of suspension of the rods are removed from the spindle, and that the
connecting rods are inclined upon the levers. But contrary to all other
isochronical governers with variable sensitiveness, such as those of
"Proel," "Tchebichef," "Bul's," and others, the variation in the sen-
sitiveness of the governor of the system Fig. B is positive, that is to
say, that the sensitiveness of this governer is the greater the higher
the sliding collar or the greater the speed. This important property
permits the construction of these governors in such a way that the
increase of sensitiveness compensates the increase of resistance, which
takes place generally in valve governors when the sliding collar rises.
6°. Finally, these qualities and others inherent to the system permits
the giving to these governors more easily than to others such energy
as may be deemed desirable.
"Watt's" governer is composed on each side of the spindle of a con-
necting rod A, B, D (rod which carries the balls), and of a rod B, C,
uniting the connecting rod with the sliding collar or socket (Fig. 13).
This governor is generally constructed in such a manner that the axes
A and C of the hinges are placed between the spindle of the governor
and the ball, so that the balls move naturally in a vertical plane, passing
by the spindle of the governor, and perpendicular to the axes of the
hinges. And these are not the only positions which may be given to
these latter, for while preserving the same vertical plane in which the
balls move the axes A and C may be placed on the spindle of the
governor, or on the other side of this spindle in relation to the ball. D.

page_text: Only in these two latter cases (Figs. 14 and 15) the points of suspension
on A, C, are no longer in the vertical plane I have above mentioned,
and it is well to curve the connecting rods so as to keep the balls in this
plane, which is what I have done in my governor.
If "Watt's" governor be modifyed as shewn (Fig. 15) "Farcott's "
governor is obtained, known as the governor with crossed connecting
rods. Some engineers further modify this governor by only crossing
the connecting rods properly so called (see Fig. 16). It is possible to
modify in the contrary direction by only crossing the rods which actuate
the sliding collar (see Fig. 17).
All these modifications may evidently be effected upon all governors
with two balls, and particularly upon mine. It may therefore be
desirable to mention these various modifications.
In my first governor the axes of the hinges cut the spindle of the
governor (see Fig. 18). It may be so arranged that these axes are on
the other side of the spindle of the governor in relation to the ball (sce
Fig. 19), but it would give no advantage.
Finally, which is much better, these axes may be placed between
the spindle of the governor and the ball (Fig. 20), and as nothing limits
the distance of these axes from the spindle of the governor I may so
arrange that the parts A₁ B, and B, C, are completely on this side of
the spindle (see Fig. 21). In this latter case it will be readily seen that
the connecting rods A and B, and B, C, being no longer hindered by the
spindle of the governor, I may replace the points of suspension A and C
in the vertical plane of the balls.
In short, it will be readily understood that the axes of the hinges may
be shifted in every possible way; thus, I may construct my governor
as shown (Fig. 22).
Lastly. I may reverse these governors, that is to say, place the sliding
collar and the balls above. I may also make the parts A, B, and B, C,
unequal. That which essentially characterizes my governor is that the
rod which actuates the sliding collar is extended beyond this sliding
collar, and carries the ball upon this extension. This extension may
be rectilineal or otherwise; in the latter case, by varying the angle
B, C, D, formed between them by the two parts of the connecting
rod, I obtain any possible governor which I term with shifting con-

page_text: necting rods, because these rods have no fixed point (it should be
particularly observed that B, C, D, is but a single piece, the connecting
rod). If I do the same thing with "Watt's" governor I obtain every
governor with two balls and fixed connecting rods (because here each
of the connecting rods has a fixed point A).
Fig. 23 represents in full size and proportions the top of a governor
on the system Fig. B, or of the system shown, Fig. 21, the unbroken
lines showing the balls of the governor in their lowest position, and the
dotted red lines the same balls at their highest (the corresponding
position of the sliding collar or socket is not shown in order not to
confuse the Drawing).
In witness whereof, I, tho said Edward Linglin, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
EDOUARD LINGLIN. (L.S.)