matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
MAKING BOOT LEGS OF ONE PIECE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Franck de Gaudel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1866.
J, CHARLES FRANCK DE GAUDEL, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries,
Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MAKING
BOOT LEGS OF ONE PIECE," to be as follows:-
It has long been the custom to bend or shape the front part of the leg of a
boot either by hand by drawing the leather in every direction with nippers
after having applied it thoroughly wetted on a wooden mandrel or block called
the "jacking block," upon which it is then nailed to dry, as also on special
machines, but in every case only such breadth has been given to the piece of
leather as is necessary to this front part, so that it was requisite that the
posterior or hind part should be joined by two lateral seams extending the
whole height of the boot. Now, for a horseman's boot it is important that
no lateral seam should exist, above all on the inside, because it is soon worn
by rubbing against the saddle, and in order to meet this requirement it became
necessary to compose a boot in two distinct parts, namely, the vamp and leg
properly so called. It is true that the isolated leg could then be made on a
mandrel or block without a foot, so that a seam would only exist at the back
or outside, but that seam indispensable for the joining on of the vamp, and
which passed all round the instep naturally had the fault of quickly wearing
from friction, and further required skilful workmanship. By a very simple

page_text: modification in the dimensions of the jacking block or ordinary last I am
enabled to avoid all the defects above set forth, because I make the entire
boot of one piece. This modification consists solely in a suitable increase in
the breadth of the jacking block or last, that is to say, that I give to the leg
of the block a breadth which will permit the spreading, drawing, and working
upon it of a piece of leather sufficiently large that its development after paring
may represent the total circumference of the leg of the boot, the front or foot
included. The difference between my method and the old one consists there-
fore in that hitherto a piece of leather has been bent or shaped representing
either only the front of the leg or the riding boot leg without the fore part of
the foot, whereas by increasing the breadth of the jacking block I obtain the
formation of the leg in one picce, the foot included, and which is joined by a
single seam placed in preference at the back.
By my process complete legs or uppers of boots may be manufactured
before-band at very moderate prices, completely prepared and fitted according
to the required shape and size, and to which the bootmaker has but to fit
the soles. The bending can be effected mechanically on one or other of the
machines already invented for that purpose by modifying the dimensions of
this latter according to the increase in the size of the leather necessary for
the formation of the complete and improved leg or upper the subject of this
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS: IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED. THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Drane at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January 1866.
I, THOMAS DRANE, of Cockermouth, in the County of Cumberland,,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS:
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED. THEREWITH,”
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the preparation of coke so as to render
it more suitable for the purposes of iron smelting, and consists in obtaining
the saline constituents of sea water by evaporating the same over coke ovens,
and in the employment of the brine or residue or saline constituents in
conjunction with bituminous or cokeing coal. In order to obtain the saline.
constituents from sea water I construct coke ovens covered with iron tanks
or pans, and I employ the waste heat from the coke ovens for the evaporation
of the sea water, and I obtain the saline constituents. by evaporation, either to
dryness or to such a point as that the larger portion of the constituents shall
crystallize out. Having obtained the saline constituents before referred to
I incorporate or mix the same with bituminous or coking coal either with or
without other chemical ingredients, and I place the same in a coke oven, and
when the materials have been sufficiently coked I withdraw the same.
prefer instead of moistening the charge with water to employ the brine or
I

page_text: concentrated sea water or the dry salt. By the employment of these saline
constituents a large portion of the sulphur contained in the coal is removed,
and the coke is much improved for the purpose of iron smelting. The pro-
portion in which the saline residues are employed will depend upon the quality
of the coal to be coked and the proportion of sulphur contained therein.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF LUBRICATING VERTICAL SPINDLES OR SHAFTS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Marsh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1866. A communication from abroad by Thomas Marsh, residing
at Central Falls, Smithfield, in the County of Providence, and State of
Rhode Island, United States of America..
I, JAMES MARSH, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Ironmoulder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF LUBRICATING VERTICAL SPINDLES OR SHAFTS, AND IN THE
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," being a communication to me from abroad
by Thomas Marsb, a person residing at Central Falls, Smithfield, in the
County of Providence, and State of Rhode Island, United States of America,
to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of lubricating the bearings or
"bolsters" supporting revolving vertical spindles or shafts. The improved
method of lubricating such vertical bearings is effected by means of the
capillary attraction of a fibrous cord, one part of which is immersed in oil or
other liquid lubricant, the other part being in contact with the rotating shaft,
the lubricant passing along the cord from the lubricant reservoir to the
bearing. The apparatus consists of a reservoir for lubricant from which a
tube or a number of tubes extend, and in this reservoir the ends of a cord or

page_text: number of cords are immersed, each cord passing through a tube to each
"bolster" or bearing, down the interior surface of which it passes, emerging
at the bottom; the cord being in constant contact with the revolving spindle,
and as it rotates is supplied with lubricant from the reservoir. A spiral
groove is formed in the spindle or shaft at that part which is embraced by
the bearing, along which groove lubricant passes, and by which means it is
distributed vertically over the frictional surface.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRIT METER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fulleck Hearsey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1866. A communication from abroad by Edward Payne, of Montreal,'
Canada.
I, JOHN FULLECK HEARSEY, of Park Place, Church Street, Brompton, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRIT METER," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to measure and sample in a simple and
efficient manner spirit as it runs from the still. The meter consists of a
closed box or case fitted with a central partition, which divides it into two
equal compartments. Across this partition a balance beam is mounted, an!
pendent from the extremities of the beam are cylinders of corresponding size
and weight, one in each division of the meter, and for convenience they may
be enclosed by porous or pierced cylinders fixed to the bottom of the meter
Pendent also from the beam at equal distances from the fulcrumi are.
two cylindrical rods, which carry at their lower ends valves, which have the ir
seats in the bottoin of the meter. The beam immediately above its fulcrum
is fitted with a knife or wedge-shaped weight, one of the inclined faces of
which will assume a vertical position over the axis of the beam before every

page_text: turn of the beam, and will then be parallel with the axis of the raised cylinder.
The spirit flows alternately into the two divisions of the meter, and when it
rises to a certain height it will so far overcome the specific gravity of the
cylinder pendent from the beam as to lift it and cause the beam to rock,
whereby the valve carried by the rod attached to the ascending limb of the
beam will be lifted, and the spirit contained in the meter will be discharged
therefrom into any suitable receptacle. The corresponding valve on the other
side of the partition will at the same time be closed, and the spirit to be
measured will flow into the second division of the meter. The rocking
motion of the beam will be assisted by the wedge-shaped weight, which falling
over with the beam will quicken the depression of the elevated cylinder. At
every turn of the beam a counting apparatus will be set in motion, as in
ordinary meters, and the amount of spirit run through the meter will thus be
registered.
In order to sample, as well as measure the spirit, both divisions of the
meter are supplied with small stand pipes, open at top, and fitted with valve
seats, which are closed by supply and discharge valves pendent from rods
which are operated by the balance beam. These stand pipes continually
receive samples of the measured spirit, and discharge it into an adjacent
receptacle ready for subsequent testing. The apparatus above described is
designed to be attached to the still, and acting as it does on the principle of
displacement it will measure the spirit by weight, which may readily be
reduced to gallons by applying a table of factors computed for the purpose,
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES FOR ENABLING THEM TO ASCEND STEEP INCLINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Woodlands Makinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th July 1866.
I, ALEXANDER WOODLANDS MAKINSON, of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES FOR ENABLING THEM TO ASCEND STEEP INCLINES," to be as
follows:-
To enable locomotive engines to ascend steep inclines without increasing
the dead weight on the driving wheel I apply either to the driving wheels, or
to the driving axle itsef, or to the connecting rods a frictional pressure, which
in the first instance opposes a resistance to the revolution of the wheels, and
so prevents slipping of the wheels on the rails, which frictional resistance is
either wholly or in part transferred to some fixed part of the engine, imparting
to it a progressive motion.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF COVERING METAL ROLLERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES WITH LEATHER
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Fairbairn, Thomas Stuart
Kennedy, and John William Naylor at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th October 1866.
We, ANDREW FAIRBAIRN, THOMAS STUART KENNEDY, and JOHN WILLIAM
NAYLOR, all of Leeds, in the County of York, Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF COVERING METAL
ROLLERS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES WITH LEATHER," to be as follows:-
The present mode of covering metal rollers (such as pressing rollers for
drawing off flax, hemp, jute, silk, or other fibrous substances) with leather is
to form first a bed for the reception of the covering by securing a coating of
leather to the rollers by means of wooden pegs, and then turning down the
leather in a lathe to bring the coating to a true and rough surface. This bed
or first layer is then coated with glue or other adhesive matter, and over this
a second covering of leather is placed, which becomes fixed to the first by
means of the glue or other adhesive matter, and in order to make the second
covering more secure pegs are used to secure the abutting edges of the second
leather covering.
Our Invention consists in recessing the periphery of the metal rollers and
filling the recess with twine, cord, leather bands, or any similar pliable or

page_text: flexible material wound round the rollers, and thus forming a bed for the
leather covering. Upon this bed we lay a coating of glue or other adhesive
matter, and we then apply the leather cover as usual. At the points where
the ends of the leather cover meet it may be necessary to drive in pegs so as
to secure those ends, but beyond this it will be understood that the necessity
for using pegs is dispensed with, and our Invention also dispenses with the
necessity for using two coverings of leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DETACHING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Burt White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1866.
Provisional Specification of HENRY BURT WHITE, of Poole, in the County
of Dorset, Smith, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DETACHING SHIPS'
BOATS."
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for detaching or lowering
boats over the sides of ships or in other places where boats require to be
lowered. This apparatus consists of a rod of metal, by preference galvanized
iron, passing from end to end of the bottom of the boat into which it may
be sunk. This rod turns freely on its own axis whilst it is kept in its place
either by means of metal eyes placed at suitable intervals or by bearings
bolted to the bottom of the boat. At or near the middle of the rod a lever
arm is secured thereto, at the outer end of which arm is formed a slot; this
slot passes over a catch which is fitted to the bottom of the boat at one side,
and by this arm and catch the bar is securely held in a given position. The
lever arm can at any moment be released from the catch simply by turning
At each end of the rod is formed a projection having a slot or
recess formed therein, which slot or recess receives or fits upon a staple or
strong metal piu furnished with an eye and carried by a separate eye secured
to the bottom of the boat. This slot or recess is so placed that when the
lever arm is secured by the catch the staple or pin is held down and then
forms a continuous line with the rod, but when the lever arm is raised and

page_text: 4
turned over the staple is free to rise from the recess. Round the staples or
metal pins when held down by the recesses at the ends of the rod are passed
hooks or rings attached to the ends of the chains by which the boat is sus-
pended. It is evident that as long as the staples are held down by the
apparatus before described the boat will hang by its chains from the davits
or other points of suspension, but when the rod is turned round so as to
allow the staples to be raised out of the recesses the weight of the boat will
compel the staples to rise, and as they are thereby forced from the hooks or
rings the boat is instantaneously lowered, each end being set free at the same
moment; various alterations may be made in the details of this apparatus
without affecting the principle of the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR MARKING MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE AS HOLDERS FOR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Wiley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1866.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WILEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOLDERS FOR MARKING MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE AS
HOLDERS FOR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows
The Invention has for its object improvements in holders for marking
materials, which improvements are also applicable as holders for caustic and
other substances For this purpose I construct the holder in the following
manner: The stem of the holder, which may be of any suitable material,
may be bored to receive the lead or other material in the ordinary manner.
The point of the holder is split or cut up for a short distance into two or more
parts, and around the point of the holder a metal tube is passed. A short
distance from the point of the holder a groove is cut or otherwise formed, and
the tube is pressed inwards around this groove, but so that the tube may be
capable of being moved a slight distance in the direction of its length, and at
the same time be rendered incapable of removal from the holder. A bayonet
joint, screw, or other suitable means may however be employed for this
purpose. The point of the holder is made of a conical form, and the tube is
also similarly formed, so that when the lead or other material has been

page_text: protruded from the holder a suitable distance by pushing back the tube the
point of the holder is contracted, whereby the lead or other material is securely
held, and I make the tube so that the point of the bolder shall pass a short
distance through it, by which means the tube is prevented coming in contact
with the surface upon which the material in the holder is caused to operate.
The lead or other material may be pushed forwards by a slide or other suitable
means, or when the point of the holder has been liberated by the sliding
forward of the tube the lead or other material may fall forward by its own
weight, and then be held in position as before stated.
Instead, however, of boring the holder to receive the lead in the usual
manner I in some cases form the holder in two parts, in one of which I
plane or otherwise cut a rectangular or other suitably formed groove; the two
parts of the holder are then glued together. The holder is then suitable for
holding lead or other material of a shape corresponding with that of the hole
the holder
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER 'AND FOR OTHER MINING PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London,
but at present residing at No. 50, George Square, Glasgow," North
'Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER
'AND FOR OTHER MINING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 17th May 1867, and dated. the 19th November. 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1866.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of No. 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, but at
present residing at No. 50, George Square, Glasgow, North Britian, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAISING
AND FORCING WATER, AND FOR OTHER MINING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of compressed air in combination
with a liquid or liquids by which the working parts are lubricated and kept
tight for actuating engines used for the raising or forcing of water from mines.
Under one modification an engine is situated in any convenient part of the
mine, and its cylinder is constructed with chambers at one or both ends, con-
taining water or other fluid. These chambers directly open into the cylinder,

page_text: and both sides of the piston working therein are exposed and covered by the
liquid passing thereto from the chambers. Compressed air is the motive agent
employed, and the chambers are provided with valves of any suitable con-
struction for its admission and exhaust. The pumps may be worked direct
from the piston rod or other reciprocatory parts of the engine.
Under another modification, in place of using a separate cylinder for
actuating the pumps, the pumps themselves are rendered capable by special
arrangements of being used as motive-power cylinders.
According to one mode of arranging such pumps, one or more are situated
beneath a lever or segment, and their plungers or pistons are connected by
chains or otherwise to the opposite ends of the lever or segment. Valves are
applied to the pump barrels and admit air to one side of the plunger attached
to one end of the lever or segment, the air causes the plunger to descend, and
at the same time raises that on the opposite side, filling the barrel or barrels
with water, whilst the water in the barrels in which the piston or plunger has
been depressed is expelled. The air is thus alternately admitted to one
side of the piston or plunger by means of valves actuated by the motion of the
piston or plunger in each barrel, and thus the pumps themselves, without
being coupled to another engine, are rendered capable of performing
operations where the application of power is required.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Justinian Newcome at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1866.
I, HENRY JUSTINIAN NEWCOME, of No. 49, King William Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR HEATING OR WARMING BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing apparatus for the above purpose in
the following manner :-To the top of a close stove I affix a short upright
pipe serving as the flue of the stove, to this pipe I connect horizontally two,
four, or more circular hollow boxes, each fitted with a sliding damper, the
said dampers being placed at an angle sideways, so that the edges of the
damper shall touch or nearly so the top and bottom of the said box, and at
the same time leave a free passage for the smoke to pass up the pipe or flue
aforesaid into the box when the damper is pushed over the opening or open
end of the said flue, thus compelling the smoke and heat to circulate in the
said box, and pass thence into the next uppermost box, and so on through
each box, thereby heating the entire surface of each box and the air which
comes into contact therewith. When all the dampers are pulled outwards
the smoke and heat will then pass direct up the chimney or flue and not
circulate in the aforesaid boxes, so that according to the extent to which the

page_text: dampers are pulled out or pushed in so as to cover or uncover the openings
in the flue more or less, by these means the temperature of the room in
which the apparatus is may be regulated. The above apparatus is intended
to be portable, and when required for use has simply to be placed near an
open fire-place so as to lead the upper end of the flue of the apparatus into
the flue of the chimney.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING THE THICKNESS OF PARTS OF CALF SKINS OR OF OTHER SKINS OR HIDES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1866.- A communication from abroad by Adolphe
Bel, of Autun, France, Tanner and Currier.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REDUCING THE THICKNESS OF PARTS OF CALF SKINS
OR OF OTHER SKINS OR HIDES," (a communication to me from abroad by
Adolphe Bel, of Autun, France, Tanner and Currier,) to be as follows:-
Calf skins are at least four times thicker at the head than elsewhere;
this part is therefore more difficult to tan than the other parts, and conse-
quently requires a longer stay in the pits and more bark.
The object of the improved machine, the subject of this Invention, is to
render the head as thin as the other parts at one operation and before
tanning, an object not hitherto attained, and which permits perfect tanning
in less time than otherwise required. It is composed of a case or chest
serving as foot or base to a cast-iron column fixed upon it, the said column
itself supporting a plate or tablet also of cast iron, which comes between
two arms furnished with bands of polished steel, on which a knife is made
to slide. The head of the calf skin is placed on the tablet, and as it is not
on the same level as the arms, by causing the knife to slide on these latter
the whole of that part of the skin which comes above such level is

page_text: removed. The level of the tablet is varied by raising or lowering it,
which is effected by means of its support and a bolt passing into a slide
bar with which this latter is furnished. The operation in question takes
place directly after that known as river work, and a workman can prepare
from 80 to a hundred skins per hour.
It will be evident that although calf skins only are above mentioned,
this Invention may be used to reduce the thickness of parts of other skins
or hides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF GRAINS FROM BREWERS, DISTILLERS, AND VINEGAR MAKERS, RENDERING THEM MORE SUITABLE FOR THE FOOD OP CATTLE AND FOR BREWERS' PURPOSES AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR PATENT MALT, AND ALSO IN TREATING THE WORT OR LIQUOR EXTRACTED FROM THE SAID GRAINS IN ORDER TO CONVERT IT INTO A SPIRIT OR LIQUID SUITABLE FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Gripper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1866.
I, EDWARD GRIPPER, of the Firm of Edward Gripper and Company, of
Winchester Wharf, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
GRAINS FROM BREWERS, DISTILLERS, AND VINEGAR MAKERS, RENDERING THEM MORE
SUITABLE FOR THE FOOD OP CATTLE AND FOR BREWERS' PURPOSES AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR PATENT MALT, AND ALSO IN TREATING THE WORT OR LIQUOR EXTRACTED FROM
THE SAID GRAINS IN ORDER TO CONVERT IT INTO A SPIRIT OR LIQUID SUITABLE FOR
MANUFACTURING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I first draw off or exhaust a large per-centage of moisture from the grains
by means of a centrifugal machine, and afterwards subject them to the process
of kiln drying as usually adopted, by which the grain is thoroughly dried and
decomposition prevented. The grains thus treated when cold can bo
advantageously used as food for cattle, or as a substitute for patent malt,
either with or without the addition of saccharine matter. The liquor or wort
extracted from the grains I submit to the ordinary processes of fermentation
and distillation, by which I obtain a raw alcoholic spirit which can be applied
to the manufacture of all kinds of spirit varnishes and other useful purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PREVENTING AND CURING DISEASE IN CATTLE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ellison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1866.
I, EDWARD ELLISON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS
TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PREVENTING AND CURING DISEASE IN CATTLE," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is designed for the prevention and cure of a certain
description of disease in cattle caused by a defect in the nervous system, in
connection with what is termed in man the automatic brain, that is to say,
the causes of the defect in the spinal cord is the unhealthiness of the hide or
skin of the animal, more particularly that portion covering the nervous system
radiating from the spinal cord. This unhealthiness of the hide is caused by
excessive hot and dry atmosphere in summer, which produces profuse per-
spiration in the animal, and which being allowed to remain on the hide forms
a scaly deposit, which accumulates and prevents the hide from efficiently
performing its functions, and causes it to retain the noxious exudations which
would otherwise be thrown off in perspiration. This deposit causes a vitiated
state of the blood over that part of the nervous system, thereby deranging the
action of the internal organs.
The improvements consist in thoroughly cleansing the hide of the animal
by subjecting it to a regular course of currying or combing and brushing,
and then rubbing it over with a diaphoretic, such as turpentine, to open the

page_text: pores of the skin. Any well-known tonic is now to be administered to the
animal, should it be in a weak state, but if the animal requires a purgative
it must be administered, and at times the animal must have a tonic adminis-
tered in order to strengthen its nervous system. The state of the skin as
above described causes a vitiated state of the blood, producing thereby a
weakness in the spinal cord or automatic brain. After using the preventative
measures as above described, I then proceed to supply or rectify that defect
in the blood, both as to its quality and quantity, this I effect by pumping or
injecting into the veins or ducts to the heart a fluid composed of the red
globules and serum of blood taken from healthy animals, and also a diluted
solution of salts if necessary, the nervous system of the spinal cord is then to
be well rubbed with a tonic, then I place a warming plaster over the spinal
cord, and such plaster is to be kept warm by heating apparatus placed over
the back of the animal, if this is not effective I apply a galvanic battery.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Milne Watt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
January 1866.
I, JOHN MILNE WATT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to certain compositions or modes of com-
bining certain chemical substances, has for its essential object the coating
of such substances as iron and other metals or materials so as to preserve
them from decay. According to one mode of manufacturing the said
coating composition it is preferred to employ about 12 parts by weight of
sulphate of soda to 16 parts of Portland, Roman, or other suitable cement;
these two ingredients are thoroughly commingled together in a paint mill
or in any other well-known manner; after which some silicate of soda is
added as well as a portion of boiled linsed oil and paraffin, when, if
necessary, the composition may be again passed through the mill so as to
effect a more thorough admixture; the proportion of these ingredients
varying with the nature of the purpose to which it is to be applied. The
composition under this mode of preparation being in a liquid state, it is
ready to be applied by means of a brush as an ordinary paint to any
purpose for which it is intended. In place of preparing the composition

page_text: as under the foregoing mode a larger quantity of Portland, Ronan, or other
cement may be added, by means of which it is applicable as a cement for
preserving the interior of ships' bottoms as well as other purposes.
Under the first-mentioned modification it may, under some conditions,
be found desirable to employ a portion of the silicate of soda in a crystal-
line state, so as to effect a more complete combination of the entire
ingredients. It is to be understood that the preparation under the first
modification of this Invention is especially applicable for coating the
outside of ships' bottoms as well as for generally similar purposes..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR COMBING AND SPINNING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bapty and Frederick North
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
4th May 1866.
We, JOHN BAPTY, Commission Merchant, and FREDERICK NORTH, Woollen
Extractor and Merchant, both of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR COMBING AND SPINNING,"
to be as follows:-
In carrying out our improvements in machinery for preparing wool or other.
fibrous materials for combing and spinning we employ a feed sheet, on which
to feed the wool or other fibrous material in the raw state, or in slivers, it is
then carried forwards to a pair of metal fluted rollers, which carry it forwards
to a cylinder set with pointed steel or other teeth which take up the wool or
other fibrous material. A flat brush over the feed rollers (worked by a cam)
assists to smooth down all the fibres of the material on the cylinder. It is
then carried forwards by the teeth of the cylinder to the opposite side of the
cylinder, and passes under a comb, hackle card, or brush, which is set at an
angle with the teeth intersecting the teeth of the cylinder and pointing to a
pair of steel or other metal fluted rollers, and also under a revolving brush
which keeps the wool fully impaled on and imbedded within and between the
teeth on the face of the cylinder. Between the teeth of the cylinder there
are thin steel or other metal bars, or if preferred perforated plates of metal
with holes so as to fit the teeth of the cylinder and admit of being moved up

page_text: and down freely on the teeth. These plates or bars of metal work in grooves
at each end, and when the wool or other material comes near the drawing off
rollers (which are also fluted with a leather sheet revolving between them).
the plates or bars are lifted up by a cam or roller so as to raise the wool or
other fibrous material clear of the points of the teeth of the cylinder, and
cause it to be delivered freely to the drawing off rollers; these rollers running
at a quicker speed than the cylinder elongates, straightens, combs, and prepares
the wool or other fibrous material preparatory to combing or spinning. It
then passes through a "trumpet" and is wound up into balls or into any
other shape convenient for the user.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'BRICKS' AND IN THE APPLICATION OR USES OF THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pidding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1866.
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of the Cottage, Kensington Palace Avenue, County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'BRICKS' AND IN THE APPLICATION
OR USES OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention comprises improvements in the manufacture and formation
of "hollow or cellular bricks" of any shape or size from clay or clays used
separately or mixed, or mixed with other matter or material, or from any
other plastic earths, compositions, or material, mixed or used separately,
such bricks being strengthened by internal stays, ribs, or cores running entirely
or partially through their interior, and in such shape or form as may be
deemed necessary for strength, having in view the purposes to which they are
to be applied. The external and internal portions after being subjected to
the process or processes of drying and kilning becoming united or one body.
In some cases I purpose applying the principle of exhausting the air from the
material under use, and by this means produce a greater affinity of surface or
surfaces. Also in the formation and making of bricks of any shape or size
in "moulds" from fusible matters or material and other substances, as also from
material or substances, whether used singly or in combination, which are
capable of being reduced to a pulp. In these solid or moulded bricks I make
on their uniting surfaces, and outward surfaces where required, indentations
for the introduction of a metallic bonding or framing suitable for the various

page_text: purposes to which I purpose applying the said moulded bricks. In some
instances where these moulded bricks are used I purpose introducing a
cement of a fusible nature between the uniting and on the external surfaces,
so that when heat is applied of a temperature to fuse the said cement the
whole becomes one homogeneous or vitreous matter. For certain purposes
I propose making the bricks from the said pulpous or vitreous substances,
hollow or cellular, as previously described as in reference to bricks made from
plastic matter or material. In some cases I partially dry the exterior or
interior portions of my bricks for some purposes before uniting them, subjecting
one, say, the outer portion of the brick, to a temperature sufficient to cause
expansion, the interior stay, rib, or core of the same being introduced in a cool
state. In the manufacture and production of my bricks I adopt no particular
mechanical appliances or machinery, simply adopting those already well known in
the manufacture and production of plastic or mouldable substances or materials.
In some cases I adopt or apply centrifugal power in the process or processes
of manufacturing my bricks. I may exemplify by Diagrams in my Complete
Specification my Invention.
APPARATUS ADAPTED TO THE REPRESENTATION OF OPAQUE OBJECTS TO AN ENLARGED SCALE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holmes Wrench at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1866.
I, JOHN HOLMES WRENCH, of 39, Gray's Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"APPARATUS ADAPTED TO THE REPRESENTATION OF OPAQUE OBJECTS TO AN ENLARGED
SCALE," to be as follows:-
Majic lanterns are means commonly employed for the magnified repre-
sentation upon screens of various objects, but their use as hitherto constructed
is for the most part limited to the representation of transparent objects, and
the purpose of the Invention is to obtain corresponding advantages in the
representation of opaque objects. For this purpose the object to be exhibited
is placed in a close box or chamber opposite to focussing glasses such as used
in magic lanterns or for such like purposes, and so that rays of light thrown
upon the object may pass through such focussing glasses on to any suitable
screen or receiver, the distance of which would be regulated as is usual when
using magic lantern apparatus. Powerful light is thrown upon the object to
be represented as it is supported in the close box or chamber by means of
oxyhydrogen, oxycalcium, or other suitable light in lanterns or chambers,
which may be of the character of magic lanterns, but provided only with single
or compound condensing glasses. These lights are placed in angular directions
on each side or surface of the focussing glass, so as to concentrate their light
in the close box or chamber equally on the object to be represented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUR-LINED OVER BOOTS AND OVER SHOES, THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION BEING TO KEEP THE FEET OF THE WEARER WARM WHILST RIDING OR WALKING OR SITTING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gottheimer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1866.
I, HENRY GOTTHEIMER, of 32, Saint John's Road, Hoxton, in the Parish
of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FUR-LINED OVER BOOTS AND OVER
SHOES, THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION BEING TO KEEP THE FEET OF THE WEARER
WARM WHILST RIDING OR WALKING OR SITTING," to be as follows:-
I propose to make boots and shoes of leather, cloth, or any other material,
and line such boots and shoes with lamb, rabbit, or any other skin with the
wool or fur on, under which I propose to sew on a sole of leather or of the
same material as the top or upper part of the said boot or shoe is made of;
the sock or sole lining to be of the same or different kind of fur. The said
sole, with fur socks, to extend over the whole requisite length of the said
boot or shoe intended to be worn over ordinary boots or shoes which have no
heels on, or the said sole and sock to extend only from the toe to the nearest
end of the heel from the toe. In this case I propose to sew on a box or
hollow heel made of leather or gutta percha of the shape of the various shaped
heels generally worn by males and females; this box or hollow heel to receive
the heel of the common boots or shoes. The whole, as above described, to form
an over boot or over shoe to be worn over the boots or shoes usually worn for
the purpose of keeping the feet of the wearer warm whist riding, walking, or
otherwise. I propose to make the said over boots fast to the feet by tieing
them with strings, which I propose to sew on each side of the opening left from

page_text: the top of the boot towards the toe, or by means of a strap and buckle, or
to insert elastic web on each side of the ankle. The over shoes I propose to
fasten to the feet by means of a strap and buckle, or by means of elastic
cord or web. I also propose to make an over shoe of india-rubber or cloth to
cover the toe and sides of the boots or shoes usually worn, intended to be put
on the ordinary boots or shoes when they should happen to be wet or muddy
before putting on the over boots or over shoes for the purpose of keeping the
over boots or over shoes clean and dry.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION TO THE RUDDERS OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Gallafent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1866.
I, DANIEL GALLAFENT, of Stepney Causeway, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION TO THE RUDDERS OF SHIPS AND
OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows.—
From the rudder head I either extend an arm having a groove in it in
which a slide moves, or I fit such radial arm to move through the head of the
rudder, to which it is accurately fitted; this sliding radial aim, or the slide
moving in the groove thereof, I connect by a pin or stud with the short end of
a lever forming the tiller, disposed immediately above the rudder head, the
fulcrum of the said lever tiller being disposed so that the connecting pin or
stud comes very near the rudder head when the rudder is in line with the
keel, consequently the leverage of the sliding radial arm is very slight at the
time, while on the tiller being moved a-port or starboard the radial arm is
extended and the leverage thereof increased according to the greater extent to
which the tiller is moved to port or starboard, and as is required to overcome
the resistance of the rudder. The tiller mentioned may be actuated directly
by hand or by chains from a steering wheel as usual. The extending radial

page_text: arm from the rudder head, or the slide moving therein before mentioned, may
move in chases or guides across the breadth of the ship, and so be extended or
move further from the rudder head, the leverage being increased the further it is
traversed in either direction from the middle of the ship; when so fitted I
connect the part sliding in the chase across the breadth of the ship by chains 5
to the barrel on the steering wheel axle, which chains are led thereto over
pulleys as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS OR OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONVEYING LIQUID CARGOES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles. Beeching at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1866.
I, CHARLES BEECHING, of Woodstock Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS
OR OTHER NAVIGABLE VESSELS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONVEYING LIQUID CARGOES," to be
as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in ships or other navigable
vessels to be employed in conveying liquid cargoes, but more especially
applicable to the conveying of water from the sea to inland towns or other
places. For this purpose I propose to construct a vessel with longitudinal
and transverse partitions, thereby dividing the vessel into a number of com-
partments, each of which is provided with a suitable valve or door in such
manner that when the doors or valves are closed each compartment shall be
hermetically sealed against the entrance of water or other liquid cargo from
the adjoining compartments, but when it is desired to fill or empty the ship
or other vessel of its contents the doors or valves are then opened so that free
conmunication may be afforded between some or all of the compartments,
and by means of a syphon or other suitable means applied to one or more of
the compartments the water or other liquid cargo is supplied to the vessel or

page_text: drawn off therefrom, the water or other liquid cargo flowing into such con-
partment or compartments through the doors or valves until the vessel is
entirely filled or emptied. The vessel is also constructed with a perforated
or reticulate false deck a short distance below the ordinary deck, and the various
divisions and the sides and bottom of the vessel are securely braced together by
suitable tie rods or braces in such manner that the vessel shall not be injured
by its rolling or pitching in disturbed water.
If desired a screw or other suitable means may be provided to propel the
vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR TEACHING SWIMMING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cumming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1866.
I, ALEXANDER CUMMING, of 105, Fore Street, St. Clement's, Ipswich,
in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR TEACHING SWIMMING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be used
for teaching swimming. For these purposes a rest or support for the body
of a person is used; it is carried on an elevated stand; this stand is
either fixed to the floor or ground, or is otherwise firmly supported. On
each side of the rest or support is a socket to receive two curved bars,
which at their outer ends have a series of holes, from which are suspended
two cords or straps having at their lower ends stirrups for the feet of the
person mounted on the rest or support. By these arrangements the arms
and legs will be free whilst the person is supported, thus admitting of the
person performing all the action necessary for a swimmer, and as if the
body were supported by the water.