IMPROVEMENTS ARRIALDO AB CANBRANIA
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Keiller, of Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, Confectioner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
ARRIALDO AB CANBRANIA
"
Sealed the 29th August 1856, and dated the 25th June 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Keiller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th June 1856.
I, ALEXANDER KEILLER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONERY," to be as follows,
that is to say:
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of what are known
in the confectionery trade as "pan goods" and "lozenges," and articles of a
generally similar class. In the manufacture of pan goods, according to this
Invention, the pan, which is formed with an external steam jacket, is suspended
by overhead links. During the working of the pan it is made to revolve con-
tinuously in any convenient manner, so as to give the ingredients employed in
making the goods the necessary rolling working action. In one convenient
arrangement for effecting this rotatory action, the bottom of the pan has
attached to it an external stud pin at its centre, and this pin is jointed to a

page_text: short crank fast upon the upper end of a vertical shaft; thus, as the actuating
shaft revolves, the crank action gives the pin a rotatory swing upon its over-
head centre of suspension. Instead of this mechanical arrangement, the pan
may have the proper motion given to it by a horizontal eccentric, the rod of
which is slotted and set upon a vertical pin, to act as a lever, the other end of
the rod being jointed to a crank pin upon the bottom of the pan. Steam is
supplied to the encircling jacket of the pan by a flexible pipe, in the usual
way; and the bottom of the pan, in the interior, is formed with a convexity or
prominent bulge, so that the goods being produced are caused to roll off the
central portion of the pan, and form an annular layer in the pan's bottom, and
thus spread evenly instead of falling into a thick mass. In making lozenges
according to these improvements, the punching out of the lozenge discs is
effected by solid punches acting upon a perforated table or cutting plane.
As the dough is laid upon the table, the solid punches being caused to
descend pass through the dough, and thence through the corresponding per-
forations, thus cutting out the discs or lozenge pieces quite freely and sharply,
and obviating all difficulties as to clogging up the cutters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filel
by the said Alexander Keiller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th December 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
KEILLER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Confectioner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did,
for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alexander Keiller, Her special license that I, the said Alexander Keiller,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alexander Keiller, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONERY," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said Alexander Keiller, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and causo
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Keiller, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
My said Invention relates to the manufacture or production of what are
known in the confectionary trade as "pan goods" and "lozenges," and articles
of a generally similar class. In the manufacture of pan goods according to this
Invention, the pan, which is formed with an external steam jacket, is sus-
pended by overhead links. During the working of the pan it is made to
revolve continuously in any convenient manner, so as to give the ingredients
employed in making the goods the necessary rolling working action. In one
convenient arrangement for effecting this rotatory action, the bottom of the
pan has attached to it an external stud pin at its centre, and this pin is jointed
to a short crank fast upon the upper end of a vertical shaft. Thus, as the
actuating shaft revolves, the crank action gives the pan a rotatory swing upon
its overhead centre or centres of suspension. Instead of this mechanical
arrangement, the pan may have the proper motion given to it by a horizontal
eccentric, the rod of which is slotted and set upon a vertical pin, to act as a
lever, the other end of the rod being jointed to a crank pin upon the bottom
of the pan. Steam is supplied to the encircling jacket of the pan by a flexible
pipe, in the usual way; and the bottom of the pan, in the interior, is formed
with a convexity or prominent bulge, so that the goods being produced are
caused to roll off the central portion of the pan and form an annular layer in the
pan's bottom, and thus spread evenly instead of falling into a thick mass. In
making lozenges according to these improvements, the punching out of the
lozenge discs is effected by solid punches acting upon a perforated table or
cutting plane. As the dough is laid upon the table, the solid punches being
caused to descend, pass through the dough, and thence through the corre-
sponding perforations, thus cutting out the discs or lozenge pieces quite freely
and sharply, and obviating all difficulties as to clogging up of the cutters.
And in order that, my said Invention may be properly understood, I have
hereunto appended and shall now proceed to describe a Sheet of explanatory
Drawings, showing the practical working out of my Invention.

page_text: Figure 1, on the Sheet of Drawings is a front elevation of my improved
confectionery pan; Figure 2 is a plan of the base plate and driving gear; and
Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of the pan; Figure 4 is an end eleva-
tion; and Figure 5 is a longitudinal side elevation of my improved lozenge-
making apparatus.
The pan A, in which are placed the confectionery articles to be operated
upon, is of the usual spheroidal form, and consists of a double shell of copper,
arranged so as to leave a space between them, as shown in the section,
Figure 3. The inside shell is bulged or made convex at the centre, so as to
throw the articles being treated into an annular form, and thus prevent their
being heaped up into a central mass. The pan A is carried in an iron frame,
consisting of an embracing hoop B and three straps C, united beneath at the
centre, and projecting above the rim to form eyes for the attachment of the
suspensory rods D; these rods D pass up to separate staples E, fixed in the
roof of the apartment or in an overhead framework F. Disposed directly
below the centre of the pan and attached at the point of junction of the three
straps C is a socket or bearing piece G, arranged to work upon the pin of a
crank H, set upon the upper end of a short vertical shaft I, the pin of the
crank being by preference of a barrelled form, to allow the pan to be slightly
inclined. The shaft I is carried in a footstep bearing in the base plate J, and
in a collar bearing in an arched bracket K bolted to the base plate, and it is
furnished with fast and loose pulleys L, so as to be driven by a belt from sonie
external revolving shaft. When the shaft I is set in motion it imparts a
peculiar rotatory swing to the pan A, carrying it round, but without turning it
upon its own axis, and it is this peculiar movement which is found so beneficial
in the manufacture of the articles operated upon. The pan is heated by means
of steam, which is admitted into the space between the inner and outer shells
by a pipe M, of india-rubber or other suitable flexible material, which accom-
modates itself to the motion of the pan, the pipe M communicating with a
steam pipe N, which passes to the steam boiler. The products of condensation
are allowed to pass off from the steam space by a small pipe O, communicating
with the centre of the pan's bottom. When what are termed "pearled "goods
are treated in the pan, syrup is allowed to drip upon them in the usual way
from cans P, suspended from the framework F; these cans being formed with
funnel-shaped bottoms, which are furnished with valved apertures capable of
adjustment, according to the flow of syrup required.
In the lozenge-making apparatus represented in Figures 4 and 5 on my
Sheet of Drawings, the sheet of material out of which the lozenges are to be
punched, are passed between two pairs of rollers A, B, which reduce it to an

page_text: uniform thickness, determined by the spaces between the rollers. The lower
rollers of each pair are in fixed bearings, but the bearings of the upper
rollers
are capable of adjustment in slots in the framing C of the machine. The
adjustment is effected by means of screw spindles D, which carry bevil wheels
on their upper ends, these bevil wheels being in gear with bevil wheels upon
horizontal shafts E, worked by the hand wheels F; this arrangement insuring
that the rollers shall always be horizontal. From the second pair of rollers B,
the sheet of material passes along upon an endless cloth G, which is stretched
round two rollers and is driven by means of a ratchet wheel H, fixed on the
spindle of one of the rollers. This endless cloth G conducts the sheet of.
material between the perforated bars or plates I, J, of the punching apparatus.
This apparatus consists of a reciprocating bar K, arranged to work in slots in
the framing at L, being actuated by means of eccentrics M, or cranks on the
driving shaft N below the eccentrics, operating upwards by means of the
rods O. To the bottom of the bar K are fixed the punches P, which are solid,
and correspond in transverse section to the form of lozenge required. These
punches work through holes made to fit them in the upper fixed bar or guide.
plate I, and pass onwards through similar holes in the lower fixed bar J, carry-
ing portions of the lozenge material through the latter bar, which answers as
the fixed die for the punching action. The lozenges are thus punched to the,
exact form of the punches P, and they fall from the under side of the bar J
upon the endless travelling cloth Q below, which conveys them away. In the.
meantime, before the next descent of the punches, the lozenge material is.
moved forward, so that a fresh portion is next operated upon. The shaft N.
carries on one end fast and loose pulleys R, so as to be driven by a belt, and
on the other end a disc S from which the feeding movements are derived.
The disc S is formed with a slot in which a pin is adjusted, according to the
length of stroke found requisite; the pin having jointed upon it a rod T, the
other end of which is jointed to a lever U, carried loosely on the spindle of
the lowermost roller B. The lever U is connected by a rod V to a similar
lever W loose on the spindle of the lowermost roller A, and both levers have
a vibratory motion imparted to them from the pin- on the disc S. The
levers carry palls, which gear into ratchet wheels X fast on the spindles of the
lowermost rollers A and B, and the rollers A and B are consequently turned
a certain distance round at each revolution of the driving shaft N, thereby
carrying forward the lozenge material. To drive the endless cloth G the
lever U is made with an arm Y projecting downwards, and which works
a horizontal rod Z, carrying a weighted pall a, contrived to act on the
ratchet wheel H, fast on the spindle of one of the rollers of the endless cloth.

page_text: The free end of the rod Z works through an eye in a stud b attached to
the framing.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,--
First, the system or mode of actuating suspended swinging pans used in
the manufacture of articles of confectionery by a horizontal crank or eccentric
movement.
Second, the application and use in the manufacture of articles of con-
fectionery of a pan, which is made to move circularly by a crank or other
suitable motive agent whilst the said pan is suspended or otherwise held
in such a manner that it does not turn about its axis or centre of suspension.
Third, the application and use in the manufacture of articles of confectionery,
pans with central internal bulges or convex portions, for the purpose herein-
before described.
of
Fourth, the application and use in cutting out lozenges and other articles
of confectionery, of solid punches acting through die or guide apertures, so as
to shape and force out corresponding pieces from sheets of lozenge or con-
fectionery material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Keiller, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six.
ALEXANDER KEILLER.
KEILLER. (L.S.)