AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MOULDING OR CASTING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND TRUCK WHEELS, AND OTHER OBJECTS IN IRON, COPPER OR STEEL, AND APPARATUS TO BÉ EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest de Pass, of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, for an Invention of AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF MOULDING OR CASTING RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND TRUCK WHEELS,
AND OTHER OBJECTS IN IRON, COPPER OR STEEL, AND APPARATUS TO BÉ
EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE, communicated to him from abroad by Jacques.
Désiré Delille, of 17 Boulevard Saint-Martin, Paris, France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest de Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1883.
ERNEST DE PASS, of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MOULDING OR CASTING
RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND TRUCK WHEELS, AND OTHER OBJECTS IN IRON, COPPER
OR STEEL, AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE, Communicated
to me from abroad by Jacques Désiré Delille, of 17. Boulevard Saint-Martin,
Paris France,
This Invention has reference to a novel method of moulding or casting railway
carriage and truck wheels, and other objects in iron, copper or steel, and apparatus
to be employed for the purpose, and by means of the invention the use of the
ordinary core boxes is obviated and a great saving of time effected, as compared
with the ordinary methods.
"
For this purpose, and in the case of railway carriage and truck wheels, the mould
is formed by building up on a horizontal plate or frame, first, a portion of the
central hub or boss and a portion of the lugs to receive the iron spokes, which
may be cast in if desired, and secondly, the other parts which, when fixed to a sand
box or frame, and rammed with sand, and the parts or some of them forming the
metal pattern withdrawn from the mould, present the required shape of wheel
mould in sand, the outside of which is chilled by means of a suitably constructed
chilling piece. For vertically raising, from the sand mould, the various metallic
parts of which the pattern is composed, without shaking or injuring the sand
mould, a special form of lifting appliance is used, consisting of a trestle or yoke-
shaped bracket or stand, fitted with a vertically sliding cylinder or bar held in
position by a spring.

page_text: "
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ernest de Pass in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th November
1883.
ERNEST DE PASS, of 68 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents, AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MOULDING OR CASTING
RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND TRUCK WHEELS, AND OTHER OBJECTS IN IRON, COPPER
OR STEEL, AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE, Communicated
to me from abroad by Jacques Desiré Delille, of 17 Boulevard Saint-Martin,
Paris, France,
This invention relates to an improved method of moulding or casting railway 1
carriage and truck wheels, and other objects in iron, copper or steel, and to
apparatus to be employed for the purpose. It is based on the employment of
patterns, the constituent parts of which may be readily disconnected from each
other, and as readily put together again for the purpose:
1st of obviating the employment of core boxes.
2ndly, of performing the operation of moulding much more expeditiously, with a
great saving of time and labour, by the application of simple means of operation,
whilst producing objects made in the best style, satisfying all the requirements
of trade, as regards exactness of shape and perfect conformity to each other.
This method is particularly applicable to the moulding of railway carriage and
truck wheels, and I now proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which like letters of reference indicate like parts.
Fig. 1 is the plan of a wheel.
Fig. 2 a half elevation and half section,
Fig. 3 a half plan, and
Fig. 4, a sectional elevation through the line x, y, of the half plan of the bottom
frame during the first portion of the moulding operation. On a plate B, provided
with handles for readily working it, a rim K and a part of the nave K¹ are fixed
by means of screws or bolts. The rim K reproduces the relief mouldings of the
wheel; the inner part of the nave K' is formed by a moveable ring q. Upon the
plate is placed a ring K, the internal diameter of which is equal to the outside
diameter of the rim K, the ring and the rim being slightly taper to facilitate
separation of parts. The ring is locked on the plate by two clamps, not shewn in
the figure.
The ring and the wheel have lateral openings through which are
introduced moveable arms K³, terminating at one end in a handle k, for facility
of handling.
Before passing these arms into the openings a counter plate D, (fig. 5) is placed
in position, its outer edge coming exact with the inside of the rim, and the outside
of the nave.
On the ring. K2, is placed a frame L, one half of which is shewn in
plan and elevation. respectively in Figs. 6 and 7, and which is held fixed partly by
means of dowels with which it is provided and which take into recesses in the
rim K, partly by clamps which are fixed on lugs formed on the rim K, and are
caused to press on projecting parts of the frame. The frame is filled with sand,
it is suitably rammed and, the frame is set, the whole is then turned over, the
arms K³ are removed, then the plate carrying the pattern, then the ring q, the
counter plate and finally the ring K2 are also removed.
For the purpose of withdrawing the ring q, a lifting frame is employed which
has for object to remove-the parts forming the core, in a vertical direction and
without any shaking, so as not to affect the lateral parts of the mould.
Figs, 18, 19 and 20 are respectively an elevation, a plan and a section of this
1

page_text: lifting frame which consists of a stand M, having two feet for the purpose of
greater stability, and a groove m', in which may slide, a pin m, fixed to a forked:
part at the end of the cylinder L. This latter is held in position by the springin,
bearing against one of the sides of the forked part, unless the operator presses the
knob N, upon which the cylinder is set free.
The feet rest on the counter plate D, the cylinder L'is placed over the core, and
having been adjusted to stand in its exact position on the sand, the ring may be
removed without fear of injuring the core.
By the first part above described, of the moulding operation, the part indicated
is obtained.
at u,
To obtain the part indicated at v, in Fig. 2, a rim N, and the remainder of the
nave K', is fixed on a plate M, which carries the pattern (Figs. 8 and 9). Within
the part K, is a ring q, for forming the core at the part where the axle is
introduced.
A counter plate D is then put on, after which a frame L (Figs 6 and 7) provided
with dowels, which engage in the recesses ¹ of the plate M, and the frame and
plate are fixed by the clamps D³.
The frame is filled with sand which is rammed, but in order to have proper
tapping holes conical cylinders are placed over the pins projecting from the nave
and rim, which conical cylinders are removed as soon as the sand is rammed.
The whole is turned over and the plate M, counter plate D and ring q removed.
A chill O is shewn in plan and section in Figs. 10 and 11, the internal diameter
of which is equal to the outside diameter of the wheel, and of which the internal
shape indicates exactly the exterior shape of the wheel. This chill is provided
with handles, and with recesses m, designed to receive the dowels of the
frame L, so that the two frames and the chill may be properly guided together.
The chill is then placed on the frame enclosing the lower part of the mould,
iron arms R, of the form shewn in Fig 12, are introduced within the openings
formed in the mould by the moveable arms K³, and the upper frame is placed on
the chill. It is by reason of the difference between the interior radius of the chill
and the exterior radius of the rim K that the part indicated at a, Fig. 2, is
obtained.
Upon the molten metal being poured into the mould the iron arms (spokes)
become fixed in the nave and in the wheel rim, in an absolutely permanent
manner.
Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 shew a somewhat different arrangement, the wheel
having round arms or spokes.
Fig. 13 is a plan of a railway carriage wheel.
Figs. 14 and 15 shew in section the two parts of the pattern, Figs. 16 and 17 a
plan and section, respectively, of the counter plates R, of Figs. 14 and 15. On
the pattern carrier plate P (Fig 14) is fixed a part of the nave q of the wheel, the
pattern also gives the internal relief of the wheel rim with the swellings.
The counter plate R (Figs. 16 and 17) carrying half the section of the arms r,
is laid thereon. On the plate P, is placed a frame L (Figs 6 and 7) fixed by
dowels and clamps. It is filled with sand and rammed down. 'The frame is set
and the whole turned over; the clamps are unfastened, the plate P, the ring q,
and the counter plate R removed. The other part of the pattern (Fig. 15) serves
to make an analagous part; the two frames and the chill are mounted as before
described, taking care to place the sections r, of the iron arms (spokes) in the
cavities formed in the sand.
This method of construction may be applied to wheels with any form of spokes ;
the method of which two modes of application are here described may be employed
for other objects, especially to the construction of pullies; in the example given
above the reason for employing the chill O is that the part of the wheel, subject
to wear, may be hardened, but if this should be required otherwise, whether for
wheels or other objects, the chill may be dispensed with, and replaced by an inter-
mediate frame provided with sand or other material, or the two frames L, L', may

page_text: be joined together their form in that case being modified, the method of moulding
remaining, in other respects, the same.
Having now described the nature of the invention and the means of carrying
the same into practical effect, I declare that I claim, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent,
1. The novel method herein described of moulding objects of any kind in cast
iron, steel or copper, more particularly railway carriage and truck wheels, by
means of patterns or models which may be readily taken to pieces, and capable of
being put together in the position for moulding, with the greatest facility, with
the object of obtaining the advantages hereinabove set forth, the running in of
the molten metal being performed in moulds made either of sand, cast or malleable
iron, or other suitable material.
2. The special arrangement shewn in the accompanying drawings, by way of
example, and substantially as hereinabove described for the construction of the
wheels of railway carriages and trucks.
3. The construction of lifting frame as herein' described by means of which the
core rings of the patterns or models may be withdrawn without injury to the
cores which they enclose.
1
In witness whereof I the said Ernest de Pass have hereunto set my hand and
seal this First day of November in the year 1883.