IMPROVED COMPOUNDS, APPLICABLE FOR PACKING: THE JOINTS OF STEAM OR OTHER PIPES WHICH COMPOUNDS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PACKING OR LINING PARTS OP. MACHINERY IN GENERAL, OR PARTS OF SHIPS, BRIDGES, TANKS, OR RAILWAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Warne, John. Americus Fanshawe, James
Archibald Jaques, and Thomas Galpin, all of Tottenham, in the County
of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
COMPOUNDS, APPLICABLE FOR PACKING: THE JOINTS OF STEAM OR OTHER PIPES
WHICH COMPOUNDS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PACKING OR LINING PARTS OP.
MACHINERY IN GENERAL, OR PARTS OF SHIPS, BRIDGES, TANKS, OR RAILWAYS,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Warne, John
Americus Fanshawe, James Archibald Jaques, and Thomas Galpin, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
25th April 1859.
We, WILLIAM WARNE, JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, JAMES ARCHIBALD
JAQUES, and THOMAS GALPIN, all of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
India-rubber Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED COMPOUNDS, APPLICABLE FOR PACKING THE JOINTS OF STEAM OR
OTHER PIPES, WHICH COMPOUNDS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PACKING OR LINING PARTS
OF MACHINERY IN GENERAL, OR PARTS OF SHIPS, BRIDGES, TANKS, OR RAILWAYS," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention of improved compounds, applicable for packing the joints of
steam or other pipes, which compounds are also applicable for packing or
lining parts of machinery in general, or parts of ships, bridges, tanks, or rail-
ways, consists in combining together certain materials: to produce a compound
Price Sel

page_text: which will be able to resist any degree of heat to which it is liable to be
exposed in use. Such compounds may therefore be advantageously applied to
any of the purposes above referred to, whereas those compounds hitherto used
for analogous purposes are very quickly destroyed by the heat to which they are
subjected. The materials which we propose to employ for making our improved
compound, are caoutchouc, or india-rubber, gutta percha, or other elastic or
flexible gums, bituminous, resinous, or gelatinous substances, or any or all of
these, either alone or in combination, to which must be added iron, steel, or
other metal filings or borings, or ores of iron or other metals, or oxide of iron,
or manganese, or other metals, or earthy matters containing iron or other
metals.
For some purposes the caoutchouc or gutta percha, and the bituminous,
resinous, or gelatinous substances are principally used as a material for
cementing or holding together the other ingredients, while for other purposes
such substances, or some of them, are intended to form one of the principal
ingredients.
Sal ammoniac, or any other suitable agent or agents which will act on the
metal in the presence of water, or some corrosive liquids, may be added to
the other ingredients, and will have the effect of causing the oxidation or
corrosion of the metals contained in the compound, which corrosive action is
required for producing a metallic cement. The metallic and other ingredients,
either aloue or in combination with sulphur, or any suitable metallic sul-
phurets or earthy sulphates, such as the sulphates of baryta, strontia, or lime
are combined with the caoutchouc or gutta percha, or the bituminous, resinous
Or gelatinous substances in any convenint manner, and the compound is to be
rolled or moulded into sheets, and either formed into cylinders or washers, or
moulded or stamped into washers or other suitable shapes. By varying the
proportions in which the materials are mixed together, compounds of very
varied character may be produced, for instance, by using only a small propor-
tion of caoutchouc or other analogous substance for combining or holding the
other materials together, a very excellent metallic cement may be made for
securing the joints of steam or other pipes; this cement will not, however,
possess much elastic strength or resistance to tension, but by augmenting the
proportion of caoutchouc, or other elastic gum, the elasticity and tensile
strength of the compound will be increased.
Our improved compounds may be applied to the joints of iron or other
pipes, cylinder lids or bottoms, manhole joints, steam boilers for locomotive,
marine, or stationary purposes. The compound will also be found useful for
all purposes where great heat affects the ordinary vulcanized or other rubber

page_text: washers, or other descriptions of packing, or wherever packing may be
required for iron or metal plates for ship building, iron bridge building,tanks,
or such like purposes, or for sleepers for the permanent ways of railways. To
complete the formation of some of these compounds, the sheets, cylinders,
washers, or other joints may, if necessary, be soaked in or exposed to the
action of hot or cold water, or some corrosive liquids, for a period of from
one hour to twelve hours or more, according to the thickness of the article, in
order to allow the water or liquid to soak into the compound, and cause the
oxidization or corrosion of the metallic particles that are contained in the
compound cotton or other fibrous or filamentous materials, or asbestos may
be also added to the other ingredients, for the purpose of inducing capillary
attraction for the diffusion of moisture through the mass, and for holding
the materials together.
Compounds produced from any suitable admixture of the above imaterials
:containing sulphur,may or may not be subjected to the action of heat, in order
to produce the change commonly known as vulcanization. For some compounds
which à may be used as cements to pack joints this will not be requisite, as they
will be subjected to sufficient heat when applied to the purpose for which theyare
intended. But for some purposes, such as where elasticity and tensile strength
rare required, it will be advantageous to cause the compounds to undergo the
change of vulcanization. For some kinds of washers or packing, it will not
be advisable to introduce into the compound metal filings or borings, while,
for other purposes. the ores or oxides of some of the metals or the metals
themselves will form most important ingredients. For some descriptions of
packing, aluminous and calcareous matters may be added. to any or all of the
above mentioned snbstances, and the compounds may be modified (according
to the purpose to which they are intended to be applied) either by altering the
proportions of the several ingredients, or by altogether omitting some of them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Warne,John Americus Fanshawe, James Archibald
Jaques, and Thomas Galpin, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
WARNE, JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, and THOMAS
5. GALPIN, all of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, India-rubber Manufac-
facturers, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Warne, John Americus Fanshawe, James Archibald Jaques, and
Thomas Galpin, Her special license that we, the said William Warne, John
Americus Fanshawe, James Archibald Jaques, and Thomas Galpin, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Warne, John Americus Fanshawe, James Archibald Jaques, and Thomas
Galpin, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED COMPOUNDS, APPLICABIE
FOR PACKING THE JOINTS OF STEAM OR OTHER PIPES, WHICH COMPOUNDS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR PACKING OR LINING PARTS OF MACHINERY IN GENERAL OR PARTS OF
SHIP BRIDGES, TANKS, OR RAILWAYS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said William Warne, John Americus Fanshawe, James Archibald
Jaques, and Thomas Galpin, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calender months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
KNOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Warue, John Americus
Fanshawe, James Archibald Jaques, and Thomas Galpin, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention of "Improved Compounds applicable for Packing the Joints
of Steam or other Pipes, which Compounds are also applicable for Packing or
Lining Parts of Machinery in general, or Parts of Ships, Bridges, Tanks, or
Railways, consists in combining together certain materials to produce a com-
pound which will be able to resist any degree of heat to which it is liable to
be exposed in use. Such compounds may, therefore, be advantageously
applied to any of the purposes above referred to, whereas the compounds or
preparations hitherto used for analogous purposes are liable to be very quickly
destroyed by the heat to which they are subjected in use. The materials
which we propose to employ for making our improved compound are caout-

page_text: chouc or india-rubber, gutta percha, or other elastic or flexible gums,
bituminous, resinous, or gelatinous substances, or any or all of these materials,
either alone or in combination, to which must be added iron, steel, copper,
brass, or other metal filings or borings, or pulverized ores of iron or other
metals, or oxide of iron or manganese, or other metals or earthy matters con-
taining iron or other metals. For some purposes the caoutchouc or gutta
percha, and the bituminous, resinous, or gelatinous substances are principally
used as a material for cementing or holding together the other ingredients,
while for other purposes such substances, or some of them, are intended to
form some of the principal ingredients.
Sal ammoniac (hydrochlorate of ammonia) or any other suitable chemical
agent or agents, which will act on the metal in the presence of water or some
corrosive liquids may be added to the other ingredients, and will have the
effect of causing the oxydation or corrosion of the metals contained in the
compound, which corrosive action is required for producing a metallic cement.
The metallic and other ingredients, either alone or in combination with sulphur
or any suitable metallic sulphurets or earthy sulphates, such as the sulphurets
of iron or copper, or the sulphates of zinc or of baryta, strontia, or lime are
combined with the caoutchouc or gutta percha,or the bituminous, resinous, or
gelatinous substances in any convenient manner, and the compound is to be
rolled or moulded into sheets, and either formed into cylinders or washers, or
inoulded or stamped into washers or other suitable shapes. By varying the
proportions in which the materials are mixed together compounds of very
varied character may be produced, for instance, by using only a small pro-
portion of caoutchouc or other analogous substance simply for combining or
holding the metallic and other materials together, a very excellent metallic
cement may be made for securing the joints of steam or other pipes.
The following are the proportions which we should prefer to use to produce
a cement or compound of this description, viz., caoutchouc or india-rubber,
two parts; gutta percha, one part; hydrochlorate of ammonia, one part;
sulphur, one part; iron filings or borings, ten parts.
This compound may be modified by altogether dispensing with the use of
the gutta percha, and employing in lieu thereof an equivalent quantity of
caoutchouc or some gelatinous substance, or a larger quantity of gutta percha
than that above set forth may, if preferred; be employed, and an equivalent
portion of the caoutchouc dispensed with. The propriety of adopting modifi-
cations of this description will depend very much upon the relative cost of
caoutchouc and gutta percha or the other materials employed in place thereof.
lustead of a portion of the iron filings or borings an equivalent portion of

page_text: pulverized iron pyrites may be sometimes employed with advantage, and when
iron pyrites is employed the sulphur or a portion of it may be omitted. When
a brass or copper cement is required, filings or turnings of these metals or
analogus alloys must of course be used in place of the iron turnings, and
copper pyrites must also be employed in place of a portion of the metallic
copper or brass
Cements of this kind will not, however, possess much elastic strength or
resistance to tension, this property not being required for cementing or
packing joints of pipes.
A cement or compound for packing the joints of cold water or other pipes
that are not liable to be exposed to a high degree of heat may with advantage
(contain a larger proportion of the elastic gum. A compound suitable for these
purposes may contain of caoutchouc or india-rubber; four parts gutta percha,
one part; hydrochlorate of ammonia, one part; sulphur, one part; iron filings,
.turnings, or borings, ten parts. This compound may be modified in the same
way as the other, and the metallic sulphurets or ores of the metals may be
employed instead of the pure metal, or they may be added to the compound.
The earthy sulphates of lime, baryta, or strontia, may also be added with
advantage for some purposes. For a compound applicable for packing the
glands or pistons of engines or machines, we take of caoutchouc or india-
rubber, five parts; gutta percha, two parts; sulphur, one part; pulverized
plumbago or black lead or of red hematite, one part; silicate of magnesia,
steatite or soapstone, one part; and of the filings or borings of copper, zinc,
lead, spelter, tin, or any of their alloys, ten parts. When these ingredients
are well mixed together, so as to form a homogeneous mass, the compound
will be found to possess some very valuable properties when used as
packing for gland's or pistons.
By augmenting the proportion of caoutchouc or other elastic gum, the
elasticity and tensile strength of the compound will be increased, and then
the compound may be used for purposes where the qualities or properties are
required. When the cement is liable to be exposed to the direct action of fire
or to a very high degree of heat, we mix with the other ingredients some
fibrous asbestos, which will materially assist in holding the other materials
together. The several ingredients having been well mixed and brought to a
plastic state, the compound must be rolled out into flat even sheets of uniform
thickness, and the washers, rings, or other articles are to be cut or stamped
out therefrom, or the articles may be at once formed by stamping, moulding,
.or otherwise from a mass of plastic material.
To complete the formation of the compounds, which are to be used for the

page_text: packing of metallic joints that are liable to be exposed to a high degree of
heat, the sheets, cylinders, washers, or other articles made of the improved
compound may, if thought necessary, be soaked or exposed to the action of
cold or hot water, or some suitable corrosive liquids, for a period of from one
hour to twelve hours or more (according to the thickness of the article), in
order to allow the water or liquid to soak into the compound, and cause the
oxydation or corrosion of the metallic particles that are contained in the com
pound cotton or other fibrous or filamentous materials or asbestos, as above
mentioned, may also be added to the other ingredients for the purpose of
inducing capillary attraction for the diffusion of moisture through the mass,
and also to assist in holding the materials together. Some of the above
improved metallic compounds may be applied to the joints of iron or other
pipes, cylinder lid, or bottoms, manhole joints, and the joints of steam boilers,
for locomotive, marine, or stationary purposes. The compounds will also be
found useful for all purposes where great heat affects the ordinary vulcanized
or other rubber washers, or other descriptions of packing of steam or hot
water pipes, or wherever packing may be required for iron or metal plates for
ship-building, iron bridge building, tanks, or such like purposes, or for
sleepers for the permanent ways of railways.
Compounds produced from any suitable admixture of the above materials
containing sulphur may or may not be subjected to the action of heat in order
to produce the change commonly known as vulcanization. For some com
pounds which may be used as cements to pack joints of boilers or hot-water
pipes, this will not be requisite, as they will, when applied to the purpose for
which they are intended, be subjected to sufficient heat to cause the change
known as vulcanizing. But for some purposes, such as where elasticity and
tensile strength are required, it will be advantageous to cause the compounds
to undergo the change of vulcanization in the ordinary way. For some kinds
of washers or packing it will not be advisable to introduce into the compound
a large proportion of metal filings or borings, as the metallic ores may some-
times be advantageously introduced in place of the pure metal, but for other.
purposes the ores or oxides of some of the metals, or the metals themselves,
will form the most important ingredients in the compounds.
For some descriptions of packing aluminous and calcareous matters may be
added to any or all of the above-mentioned substances, and the compounds
may be modified (according to the purpose to which they are intended to be
applied), either by altering the proportions of the several ingredients, or by
altogether omitting some of them.
Having now.described our Invention of improved compounds applicable for

page_text: packing the joints of steam or other pipes, whichcompounds are also applicable
for packing or lining parts of machinery in general, or parts of ships, bridges,
tanks, or railways, and having explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, we claim as our Invention the combination for the purposes herein set
forth of finely divided particles of metal or metallic ores, with caoutchouc,
gutta percha, or other analogous elastic gum, or gum resin, or gelatinous
substances, either with or without sulphur, or the earthy sulphates or
sulphurets.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Warne, John Americus
Fanshawe, James Archibald Jaques, and Thomas Galpin, have here-
unto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-fourth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
WM WARNE.
(L.S.)
JOHN A. FANSHAWE. (L.S.)
JAS. A. JAQUES:
T. GALPIN.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)