IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING FLUIDS FROM THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, London, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Moses Poole, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, adiñiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, adñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
DRAWING FLUIDS FROM THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY," communicated to me
from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said Moses Poole, should cause a particular description of the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large.
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses Poole, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and

page_text: the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:-
The Invention consists,―
First, of improvements in apparatus for scarifying parts of the human or
animal body for the purpose of drawing blood. And,
Secondly, the Invention consists of improvements in apparatus for obtaining
partial vacuum, for the purposes of facilitating the drawing blood or fluid from
the surface, and for drawing milk. And, in order that the Invention may be 1
fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings hereunto annexed, in the various Figures of which the same letters
are used to indicate the same parts.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows two views of a scarifying instrument according to the
Invention, and the peculiarities are that the cutter is tubular, and is caused to
cut by rotation about an axis. Figure 2 shows the two parts of the case.
Figure 3 shows the axis within which the tubular cutter is fixed, having the
pulley fixed thereon, by which rotation is given to the cutter. Figure 4 shows
the hollow axis without the pulley, but having the cutter fixed therein by a screw,
by which means the depth of cut or puncture may be regulated, only that
portion of the cutter which protrudes below the instrument cutting. Figure 5
shows the tubular axis separately, and Figure 6 shows the cutter separately. a is
the cutter. b, the axis. c, the screw which retains the cutter in any desired
position. d is the pulley, with a cord fixed thereon, in order to give rotatory
motion to the axis b and cutter carried thereby, the ends of such cord passing
e is the lower part of
through the holes in the case, as shown in Figure 1.
the case of the instrument; and f is the upper part of the case of the
instrument, and these two parts are combined by screws, as shewn. In using
this apparatus the end of the instrument e is placed against the part of the
body which is to be punctured, and then by pulling the cord the cutter will be
caused to rotate and make a circular or ring cut of equal depth all round.
Figure 7 shows a similar apparatus, provided with a guage plate or adjust-
ing cap g, which screws into the part e of the case, and according as such
gauge plate is screwed more or less up so will be the quantity the end of
the cutter will protrude, and consequently the depth of cut which will be
made by the cutter. This mode of adjusting the depth of cut is considered
better than the screw c, but either may be used or other means resorted to

page_text: for adjusting the depth of cut. In some cases where a larger diameter of cut
is desirable, then it is preferred not to make a complete ring or circle, for
which purpose, although a cylindrical cutter be employed, the cutting may be
prevented at particular points by pressing the surface of the body out of the
way of the rotating cutter..
Figure 8 shows another instrument of a larger kind; Figuro 9 shows a
section thereof; Figure 10, plan; and Figure 11, is a cap for the instrument
when not in use. This cap is also used in winding up the cord. In order
to apply the cap the guage plate is removed.
Figure 12 shows a diagram of the cut made by this instrument. a is the
cutter ;
bis a fixed axis. The cutter a is fixed to the pulley d. to which
the strap is affixed for giving rotatory motion to the cutter a; and in order
to prevent its cutting all round, a cylinder his fixed to the axis, such cylinder h
having several projections i, i, which preceding the cutter presses the surfaces
down and prevent the cutter acting on those points. I would remark, in
respect to this the first part of the Invention, that the details may be varied
so long as a ring or circular or part or parts of a ring or circular cut be
made.
I will now describe the second part of the Invention.
Figure 13 shows an instrument arranged according to this part of the Inven-
tion; Figure 14 shows the glass tube or cylinder separately; and Figure 16
shows the parts employed for moving the piston. In respect to this part of
the Invention, I would state that various instruments have before been
employed for obtaining a partial vacuum for facilitating the drawing of milk
from the human breast, and also for drawing blood from the surface of the body
when the same has been punctured. And amongst other instruments, glass
cylinders, having pistons therein, have been employed, but such instruments
have been objectionable in consequence of the great effort required in moving
of the piston, when the hand of the user has to move through the same
space as the piston. Now the peculiar character of this part of the Inven-
tion is the use of mechanical power to aid the hand of the user, so that
only a comparatively small effort moving through a much more extended
space than the piston is required to be exerted by the person's hand when
using the instrument. j is a cylinder of glass. is a cap or cover. / is a
screw, on the lower end of which a cork or other piston is fixed between the
plates m and n, one of which is capable of moving on the screw l, so as to
confine the piston between the plates m and n. The piston being within the
cylinder, it is caused to rise therein by means of the screw nut or handle o,
which, resting on the cap, when being turned round causes the screw and

page_text: the piston to rise up within the cylinder, the person operating being able to
judge of the effect by seeing through the glass cylinder. This instrument is
to be placed over the part of the body which has been punctured by the
instrument Figure 1.
Figure 17 shows a similar instrument for drawing milk.
Figure 18 shows another similar instrument to that at Figure 13, but on a
larger scale, and suitable when several cuts have been made, and when the
parts (where such several cuts have been made) are such that they would be
pressed into the glass, then I employ a glass with a diaphram such as is
shewn in Figure 19, in order that the parts which have been scarified should
alone be pressed towards the glass.
Having thus explained the nature of the Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not claim
any of the mechanical parts separately, and the same may be varied in each of
the instruments so long as the peculiar character of any part of the Invention
be retained.
But what I claim is,-
First, the improvements in apparatus berein described for scarifying the
human or animal body, in order to draw blood therefrom. And,
Secondly, I claim the improvements herein described for obtaining a partial
vacuum to facilitate the drawing blood or fluid from the surface, and for
drawing milk.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
Que thousand sight hundred and forty-ning