IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STENCH TRAPS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: 66
ETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue
& Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF STENCH TRAPS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."-
A communication from abroad by William Aloysius Butler, of
the City, County, and State of New York, United States of
America.
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd June 1874.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF STENCH TRAPS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," (a commu-

page_text: nication to me from abroad by William Aloysius Butler, of the City,
County, and State of New York, United States of America,) to be as
follows:-
:-
The first part of this Invention relates to a novel machine for making
S shaped or otherwise bent water or stench traps, applicable also to the
bending of tubes for different purposes, by which straight pipe or tubing
of lead, or other ductile metal or alloy can be bent into semi-annular
form, and whereby, when the two ends of the same tube are bent in
opposite directions, a perfect S shaped stench trap may be produced.
This part of the Invention consists in a combination of a stationary,
concave, or semi-circularly grooved block, which may of elongated
U form, in direction of its length, and a grooved or concave edged roller
carried by a lever having the axis of its fulcrum made to correspond
with the centre, from which the stationary block or curved portion of it
is struck, and so that by swinging or operating the lever the concave
edged roller is made to travel more or less around the curved portion of
the stationary block, and so to bend as required the tube of which the
trap is to be made.
The Invention, secondly, consists in a machine or combination of
machines of similar general construction to that herein-before described,
but in which a convex edged stationary block is used in connection with
a concave edged travelling roller or former; also a concave edged
stationary block is used in connection with a convex edged travelling
roller or former for making the trap in two longitudinal sections from
two independent strips, which sections are afterwards soldered together
throughout the length of the trap.
Thirdly. The Invention consists in a further machine for the like
purpose as the last-mentioned machine or machines, whereby cach
longitudinal section of the trap is formed in a continuous manner, said
machine including a combination of side arms or levers, which serve as
bearings for a primary and grooved travelling roller or former, and
which are provided with eccentrics for facilitating the entry and release
of the metal to be bent and the longitudinal trap section as formed, also
which are provided with projections for operation and connecting with
or over fixed stops to provide for the bending of the second or reverse
longitudinal section of the trap by means of stationary and movable
gearing, the side arms or levers in such action changing their fulcrums

page_text: from one end to the other. This part of the Invention also includes a
transversely divided internal former, the one division or half of which is
stationary, and the other half moveable by the side arms or levers
around the primary and grooved travelling roller or former. That then
is locked or held in a stationary position to form the second or reverse
half leg of the trap, the primary and grooved former, and the moving
half of the other transversely divided former moving successively to
bend the material as required.
°
Fourthly. The Invention consists in the process of making whole
traps from a straight piece of tubing by bending it between formers,
substantially as herein-before referred to, but without regard to the
particular machinery used.
Fifthly. The Invention consists in the process of making traps in two
longitudinal sections soldered together, by or from independent metal
strips, by bending the same between formers, essentially as herein-before
referred to, irrespective of any particular machinery employed for the
purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Garrett Tongue, Her special
license that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Garrett Tongue,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF STENCH
Traps, Partly aPPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," (a communication to me from
abroad by William Aloysius Butler, of the City, County, and State of
New York, United States of America,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said.
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
The first part of this Invention relates to a novel machine for
making S shaped or otherwise bent water or stench traps, applicable
also to the bending of tubes for different purposes, by which straight
pipe or tubing of lead, or other ductile metal or alloy, can be bent into
semi-annular form, and whereby, when the two ends of the same tube
are bent in opposite directions, a perfect S shaped stench trap may be
produced. This part of the Invention consists in a combination of a
stationary concave or semi-circularly grooved block, which may be of
elongated U form in direction of its length, and a grooved or concave
edged roller carried by a lever having the axis of its fulcrum made to
correspond with the centre from which the stationary block or curved
portion of it is struck, and so that by swinging or operating the lever
the concave edged roller is made to travel more or less around the
curved portion of the stationary block, and so to bend as required the
tube of which the trap is to be made.
The Invention, secondly, consists in a machine or combination of
machines of similar general construction to that herein-before described,
but in which a convex edged stationary block is used in connection with
a concave edged travelling roller or former, also a concave edged
stationary block is used in connection with a convex edged travelling

page_text: roller or former for making the trap in two longitudinal sections from
two independent strips, which sections are afterwards soldered together
throughout the length of the trap.
Thirdly. The Invention consists in a further machine for the like
purpose as the last-mentioned machine or machines, whereby each
longitudinal section of the trap is formed in a continuous manner,
said machine including a combination of side arms or levers which serve
as bearings for a primary and grooved travelling roller or former, and
which are provided with eccentrics for facilitating the entry and release
of the metal to be bent and the longitudinal trap section as formed, also
which are provided with projections for operation in connection with or
over fixed stops to provide for the bending of the second or reverse
longitudinal section of the trap by means of stationary and moveable
gearing, the side arms or levers in such action changing their fulcrums.
from one end to the other. This part of the Invention also includes a
transversely divided internal former, the one division or half of which is
stationary, and the other half moveable by the side arms or levers around
the primary and grooved travelling roller or former. That then is
locked or held in a stationary position to form the second or reverse half
leg of the trap, the primary and grooved former and the moving half of
the other tranversely divided former moving successively to bend the
material as required.
Fourthly. The Invention consists in the process of making whole
traps from a straight piece of tubing by bending it between formers,
substantially as herein-before referred to, but without regard to the
particular machinery used.
Fifthly. The Invention consists in the process of making traps in two
longitudinal sections soldered together, by or from independent metal
strips, by bending the same between formers, essentially as herein-before
referred to, irrespective of any particular machinery employed for the
purpose.
Having thus stated the object or objects and nature of the Invention,
its description will be proceeded with in reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a horizontal section on the line X,X, in the plan.
of a machine constructed in accordance with the first part of the.

page_text: Invention for making stench traps from straight tubing; Figure 2, a
front view of the same; and Figure 3, a plan of a like machine but
with certain parts modified to make the second bend or leg of the trap.
Figure 4 is a side view of an adjustable clamp with attached block or
support used in the combination of parts represented in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section on the line y, y, of a machine for
making the one bend or leg of one of the longitudinal sections of a trap.
composed of two independent bent strips in accordance with the second-
part of the Invention.
Figure 6 is a front view of such machine; and Figure 7 is a sectional :
side view thereof, omitting the travelling roller or former.
0
Figure 8 is a horizontal section on the line, z, of a similar machine,
but with its parts modified to make the other bend or leg of the longi-
tudinal section of the trap as it comes from the machine,, represented in
Figures 5, 6, and 7; Figure 9 is a front view of the same; and Figure 10
is a transverse section thereof on the line x1, x¹.
Figures 11 and 12 are sections in planes at right angles to each other,
taken as indicated by the lines x², x², and x³, x³, of a mold and core
into which the longitudinal sections or half traps are put to be trimmed
by a knife.
Figure 13 is a view in perspective of one of the longitudinal sections
or half traps after the same has been trimmed; and Figure 14, a side
view of the longitudinally divided trap after its two sections have been
soldered together.
Figure 15 is a side view of a trap as made from a straight tube in
accordance with the first part of the Invention.
Figures 16, 17, and 18, are diagrams illustrating certain different
forms which the trap, as made under either or both processes, may be
made to assume by simply arresting the bending action of the moveable
former at different points.
Figure 19 represents a side elevation of a machine constructed in
accordance with the third part of the Invention with the parts in
position prior to their operation on the metal of which the trap is to be
made, and with one of the side levers and its eccentric removed;
Figure 20 is an inside view of such lever and eccentric detached from

page_text: the machine; Figure 21 is a central vertical section in a plane paraner
to Figure 19; Figure 22 is a rear view, and Figure 23, a vertical section
on the line x, x', in Figure 20.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, and primarily
to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings, A represents a table or plate which
is bolted to a bench or other suitable support, and which carries a
stationary block B of concave or semi-circularly grooved construction
on its edge or edges and of elongated U form in direction of its length;
C is a roller which is carried by a fork or lever D that has the axis of
its fulcrum at b, which corresponds with the centre from which the
stationary block or its curved end portion is struck. This roller C is
of a grooved or concave construction on its edge, and is so arranged in
relation with the stationary block B that said roller and block form a
circular opening c (Figure 2) between them corresponding in diameter
with the outside diameter of the tube E, which it is required to bend into
a trap. Said tube is introduced through the opening c while the parts
are in the position represented in Figure 1 and 2, and the inner end of
the tube, which may be fitted with a plug to prevent collapse, is held
against the one grooved straightedge of the stationary block, and kept
from being thrown outwards when bending the tube by an adjustable
and removable clamp F. The lever D is then swung round in direction
of the arrow form the position represented for it by full lines in Figure 1
to a position directly opposite, as represented by dotted lines, that is,
when it is required to make a full S shaped trap; or said lever may be
only partly swung round to such extreme position (as also represented
by dotted lines) when it is required to make a trap of less than S shape
or of different curvatures or projections as regards its legs. The
swinging of the lever, as described, causes the roller or moveable former C
to bend the tube around the stationary former or block B, thus forming
the one leg of the trap. Said partially bent tube is then again
introduced, with its longest straight portion foremost, between the
stationary block and moveable grooved roller, as represented in Figure 3,
and a clamp F¹ substituted for the clamp F. This clamp F', which is
adjustable on the block B to give a longer or shorter leg to the trap is
provided with a block or support d that enters within the previously
formed bend of the tube to keep it firm and in its proper position. The
lever D is then swung in direction of the arrow from the position
represented for it by full lines in Figure 3 to a position more or less

page_text: opposite on the other side of the stationary block. This forms the other
leg of the trap, which latter may then be taken out of the machine by
removing the clamp, or otherwise. The roller C in its action on tho
tube during the bending process produces a drawing action thereon,
pressing the metal forward in direction of the bend. The tube to be
bent may if desired be filled with sand or other material that will yield
to its flexure.
The process here involved or included in thus making a trap of S shape,
as shown in Figure 15, or other curved form admits of various modifi-
cations of machinery, but is characterized by drawing and bending a
straight piece of tubing into the required shape of the trap, substantially
as specified instead of casting the trap as heretofore practised. A water
or stench trap made according to this process will be different in many
respects from a trap that has been cast, and will be superior thereto in
point of cost and in other respects. Thus expensive sectional molds
and cores are avoided, and the traps may be produced much faster. Air
holes and the usual flaws or defects incidental to cast traps are done
away with, and the metal by the drawing operation on the tube is
strengthened and the appearance of the trap improved by being to a certain
extent polished. If by bending the tube as described it should be found
that the thickness of the material is reduced more than desirable at the
outer curves, it is only necessary to provide the tube with inner
enlargements at those points at which the tube is to be bent into the
curved form.
Referring in the next instance or more particularly to the several
Figures of the Drawing from 5 to 14 inclusive, which relate to making
the trap in longitudinal sections or halves that are afterwards soldered
together, it may be advisable to first form the strip of sheet lead or
metal of which each longitudinal trap section is to be made into a groove or
gutter-like shape by dies or any suitable means. This prepares the strip G
for its subsequent entry within and action by the machine or machines
used to bend it into the required shape of the trap. These machines are
in most respects similar to the machine shown and described in Figures 1,
2, and 3, of the Drawing, and the general principle of operation is the
same. Thus the strip G after it has been grooved or prepared as
described is first introduced into the machine represented in Figures 5, 6,
and 7, just as the tube was introduced to the machine in Figures 1 and 2,
and for the same purpose, that is,-to give the strip its necessary bend to

page_text: form the one leg of the trap or trap section, by the bending and drawing
action of the travelling roller or former C¹ (Figures 5 and 6), carried by
the lever D' on the strip G¹ around the stationary block B¹. But in this
machine the V shaped stationary block which is carried by the plate or
table A', and has an adjustable clamp F* to hold the inner end of the
strip is of convex shape on its edge, and the travelling roller or former of
concave shape on its edge. The longitudinal strip G is then transferred
to another similar machine shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10, and treated.
for the bending of the other leg of the trap section, as the tube was
treated in Figure 5; but in this machine Figures 8, 9, and 10, the
stationary block B is shaped to form a saddle within which the previously
bent portion of the strip G lies, and which is of concave shape on its
acting edges, and the roller C₁ of convex form on its edge; also the
clamp F* is of different construction, the same being provided with a
curved or segment-shaped block which fits or lies within the curve of
the first bend given to the strip by the machine shown in Figure 5, 6,
and 7. After the longitudinal trap section has thus had its second bend
given it, that is, by the swinging or travel of the roller C¹ (Figure 8)
around the protruding curved portion of the stationary block B', said
trap section is seated on or in a mold H (Figures 11 and 12) of corre-
sponding configuration with the exterior of such section, and a core I of
corresponding configuration with the interior of the trap section inserted
within the latter to facilitate trimming by knife the edges of the trap
section. In some cases however the mold and core may be dispensed
with. Figure 13 represents a finished trap section, and after a corre-
sponding further section has been produced in like manner the two
sections are fitted and soldered together as represented in Figure 14.
By the process involved or included in the mechanism just described
for making traps in two longitudinal sections or halves subsequently.
soldered together, which mechanism may be variously modified, a trap
which is much superior to a cast one may be produced, such improved
trap being free from air holes, and of suitable thickness in all parts
instead of thin in the convex or outer sides of the bends like those made
by hammering, and the cost of production is very much reduced.
Reference will now be made, or more particularly so, to Figures 19,
20, 21, 22, and 23 of the Drawing, which Figures relate to a modified
construction of machine for making the traps in longitudinal sections,
which are afterwards soldered together as herein-before described. In

page_text: these Figures K, K, are the side cheeks or uprights of the frame, each
formed with reversely shaped slots e,f; L, L', is what may be termed
the internal former, mainly of annular shape, and of convex form on its
periphery; M is the primary and semicircularly grooved travelling former,
having its bearings in eccentrics N arranged within side arms or levers O,
which at their opposite ends carry the shaft g of the moving and
transversely divided section L³ of the internal former L, L'. The object
of the eccentrics N, which are provided with levers h, is to adjust the
"former" M further from or nearer to the former L, L', when the first
of these is in its lowermost position to provide for the easy entry of the
metal between said "formers," or the removal of the half trap when
made, and the proper relation of the formers to or in proximity with
each other when bending the metal to make the trap. On the inner
sides of the cheeks K, K, are. stationary toothed gears or sections of
gears P, P, at the upper ends of the slots e, and with which toothed
segments or sectors Q, Q, on the shaft of the moving section L' of the
"former" L, L¹, gear. The shaft g of the "former" section L' travels
within the slots f of the frame, and the shaft i of the primary outside
former M within the slots e thereof. On the outsides of the cheeks K, K,
at the upper ends of the slots e are stationary curved locking supports
or projections ; also at the bottoms of the slots f similar locking
projections ¹, and on the inner sides of the side arms or levers O are
reversely curved or semicircular projections l, m, around the eyes or
terminal centres of said levers, the projections m serving in con-.
nection with the stops k² when the levers are in their lowest position,
and whilst being swung during the whole travel of the shaft i in the
slots e to keep the other shaft or fulcrum g from prematurely moving
up the slots to hold the former M in place, and the projections / at the
opposite ends of the levers operating in connection with the fixed stops k
when the levers are elevated to move the section L' of the former L, L³, ¦
to lock or keep the primary former M in its clevated position, and
prevent the shaft i of the latter from working or slipping back down the
slots e of the frame. R is a straight extension or arm-like projection on
the moving section L' of the "former "L, L', for the purpose of guiding
or directing the metal at its upper or finishing end in the formation of a ¦
half trap, and which may be differently shaped or be altogether omitted
when less than a full S shaped trap is required, as for instance, when
making what are termed half or three-quarter traps are required, in
which case the section L. of the former L, L', has a diminished upward

page_text: motion when bending the one leg of the trap, and a clamp T used to
hold the one end of the strip to be bent is changed or removed, but it
will suffice here to describe the machine as represented for constructing
full S shaped traps in longitudinal half sections, which are afterwards
soldered together, each half section being separately formed in thẻ
machine. Strips or keys n on the levers ☐ serve to receive the grooved
end of a lever or levers, preferably a single strap or forked lever or
handle V for operating the machine by said levers, which in the course
of their action have interchangeable fulcrums, the shafts g and i
successively operating as such.
To form either one longitudinal half section of the trap, the strip of.
lead or other metal is first bent into gutter shape, and its one end or.
portion introduced over the one former M, which is lowered by the:
eccentrics N. for the purpose, and the extremity of such portion secured.
within the clamp T. The eccentrics N are then turned up to pinch the
strip between the formers M and L, L', said formers then being in the
position represented in Figures 19, 22, and by full lines in Figure 21.'
The operating lever or handle V is then fitted on to the keys n of the
side arms or levers O, and the primary travelling frame M moved up.
and round the stationary portion L of the other former L, L, as.
represented by arrows w in Figures 19 and 21, the shaft i travelling in
the slot e till it is stopped by the upper ends of the slots e, as shown by:
dotted outline in Figure 21. This forms the one half, in length, of the
one longitudinal section, or half trap. To complete such longitudinal
section or lialf trap, that is, to form the other bend and leg of said
section, the lever V which has then been thrown to the opposite side of
the machine, as shown by dotted outline at the left hand of Figure 21,
is next thrown up again and over to the side from which it started, as.
shown by dotted outline at the right hand of Figure 21. This moves..
the section L of the former L, L', in the direction indicated by the
arrows from the position shown for said section by full lines in
Figure 21 to that represented for it by dotted lines in the same Figure, and.
by full lines in Figure 23, causing it to bend the remainder of the strip
over or round the former M, which then remains in the elevated position
shown for it by dotted lines in Figure 21, also by full lines in Figure 23,
and in which latter position it is locked or held by the projections / on
the side arms O, which projections / are arranged to travel around the
fixed projections k. Towards the completion of this action, during

page_text: which the levers O have changed their fulcrum from the shaft g to the
shaft i, the shaft g travelling up and along the slots f. The extension or
arm-like projection R of the "former" section L' bears down on the
outer terminal portion of the strip to keep it straight, as required, to
form the one leg of the trap corresponding to the straight portion of the
other leg held between the clamp T and the "formers." To get the
longitudinal half or section of the trap thus made out of the machine,
the lever U is first thrown back from its elevated position at the right
hand of Figure 21 to the position represented for it by dotted lines at
the left, and then over again to the right, as shown by full lines in
Figures 19 and 21, returning the "formers" to their original position.
The eccentrics N are also lowered; and the clamp T released from its hold
on the metal. The other longitudinal half of the trap is made in like
manner, and the two halves afterwards soldered together, reversing the
legs of the two sections when putting them together.
If desired, knives or cutters may be attached to the "formers
either of them to trim the edges of the strip as it is being bent.
:
"
or
Having thus described the nature of the Invention communicated to
me from abroad by the said William Aloysius Butler, what I claim under
the above in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. A machine for bending tubes and forming water or stench
traps, constructed to operate substantially as described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings.
Secondly. The process, substantially as herein described, of making
water or stench traps from straight tubing.
Thirdly. The machine or machines constructed to operate substantially
as described with reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, 9, 10 of the
Drawing, for bending semi-tubular strips into shape to form longitudinal
water trap sections or halves.
Fourthly. The process, substantially as herein described, of making
water or stench traps in longitudinal sections of halves.
Fifthly. In the machine described with reference to Figures 19, 20,
21, 22, and 23 of the Drawing, the combination of the side arms or
levers O having interchangeable fulcrums g, i, with the slots e, f, of the
frame, and "formers" arranged to travel successively the one around
the other, substantially as specified.

page_text: Sixthly. In said last referred to machine the formers L, L', constructed
in sections, the one of which is stationary, and the other made capable of
travelling around the primary former M, essentially as described.
Seventhly. Furthermore in said machine the eccentrics N in com-
bination with the levers O, the primary former M, and the additional
former L, L', essentially as described.
Lastly. In said last-mentioned machine the projections l, m, or either
of them on the levers O, having interchangeable fulcrums g, i, in com-
bination with the fixed locking strips or projections k, k¹, or either of
them, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Second day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.