Improvements in or relating to Turbines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Turbines.
We, NILS SVFNSSON BOK, Engineer, of Beigsgatan 118, Stockholm, and TYCRO
REGINALD ROBSAHM, Engineer, of Valhallavagen 13, Stockholm, both in Sweden,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows..
The present invention relates to axial flow turbines or a series on groups thereof,
and has for its object partly the absorption and transmission of a maximum of
the energy of the diving-fluid in a turbine-motor of given diameter by admitting
the driving-fluid simultaneously at both sides of the turbine-wheel or at both
ends of a series o1 cicles of vanes or buckets and discharging said diving-fluid
at the opposite sides of the turbine-wheel to that where the coresponding inlet
of the same ing or circle of vanes or buckets is located, in order that each particle
of the fluid passes only once axially though the diving-wheel, and partly to
cause the turbine-motor to rotate in one direction by admitting the diving-Huid
on some of the vane 1ings only, and to cause the motor to rotate in the other
duection by allowing said fluid to traverse the other vane 1ings only In the first
case all the tubine vaues are turned (or curved) in the same direction, in the
latter case all the vanes in the rings simultaneously acted upon by the fluid which
18 to dive the motor in one duection are turned in one duection, and all the
vanes in the rings simultaneously acted upon by the fluid intended to effect
1otation in the other duection are turned in the opposite duection
In carrying out the invention a series of turbine wheels with guide ings may
be employed, the driving fluid being admitted from say the left-hand side through
nozzles on an opening at the periphery to ings or cicles of vanes and guide-
blades near the periphery, the said fluid traversing the vanes and guide-blade rings
or circles from the left to the night so that the fluid discharges from the last wheel
of the series into an exhaust-passage at the right hand side of the motor, while the
driving-fluid 18 also admitted from the right hand side by other nozzles or openings
and traverses other unga o cucles of vanes and guide-blades further removed
from the periphery from night to left and is discharged through a passage at the
left hand side of the series of turbines
It will be evident, that more especially when the turbine-diameters are large,
several such concentric passages for the diving-Huid may be arranged in such
a manner that the diving-fluid in at least two cucles of vanes situated concen-
tically in the same radial plane will always rotate in dnections opposite to each
other. The passages between the vanes of such a turbine may be arranged in
vallous ways so that as great a portion of the turbine-wheel as possible is taken
up by passages for the fluid Preferably the directions of flow of the fluid 18
alternate on the passages may be so placed that all inlets for the fluid are situated
at the same side and as near the periphery as 18 possible, while the areas required
for the outlets entuely occupy the other side Oi the inlets may be placed so as to
be at the same distance from the centre of the turbine-wheel as the outlets with
all inlets located at one side, while the outlets entuely cover the other side With
regard to the capacity of a given turbine-wheel to take up and transmit a maximum
of the energy of the diving fluid, an approximate comparative computation of the
different arrangements of passages, shows that, all other conditions being equal,

page_text: the turbine in which the direction of flow of the fluid alternate develops about 33%
more power than either of the other arrangements referred to, which latter are
about equally efficient when compared with each other
When the driving-fluid is simultaneously admitted from both sides or ends of
a series of turbines the positions of the guide blades and vanes are turned or
curved in one direction but if it is intended that the turbine shall move in one
direction when the driving-fluid is admitted to the outer cucles of vanes only, and
in the opposite dnection when the driving-fluid 18 allowed to traverse only the
inner cncles of vanes the position of the vanes and guide blades of one set alternate
with those of the other
Dated this 29th day of December 1898
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.
improvements in or relating to Turbines.
We, NILS SVENSSON BOк, Engineer, of Bergsgatan 118, Stockholm, and Tycko
REGINALD ROBSAHм, Engineer, of Valhallavagen 13, Stockholm, both in Sweden,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement
The present invention relates to axial flow turbine-wheels or a series or groups
thereof, and has for its object partly the absorption and transmission of a
maximum of the energy of the driving-fluid in a turbine-motor of given diameter
by admitting the driving-fluid simultaneously at both sides of the turbine-wheel
or at both ends of a series or group of wheels at points opposite different 1ngs or
circles of vanes or buckets and discharging said driving-fluid at the opposite
side of the turbine-wheel to that where the corresponding inlet of the same ring
o1 cucle of vanes or buckets is located, in order that each particle of the fluid
may pass only once axially through the driving-wheel, and partly to cause the
turbine-motor to rotate in one direction by admitting the diving-fluid on some
of the vane 1ings only, and to cause the motor to rotate in the other direction
by allowing said fluid to traverse the other vane 1ngs only
In the fist case,
that is to say, when the turbine 18 arranged to rotate only in one direction, all the
turbine vanes are tuined (or curved) in the same direction. in the latter case,
that is to say, in case of a reversible turbine, all the vanes in the lings simul-
taneously acted upon by the fluid, which 18 to drive the motor in one direction,
are tuined in one direction, and all the vanes in the ungs simultaneously acted
upon by the fluid, intended to effect 1otation in the other direction, are turned
in the opposite direction
In the annexed drawing.
Figure 1 shows as an example a section along the turbine-shaft a through a
seules of turbine-wheels with their guide-rings c By means of openings or
nozzles d at the periphery the driving fluid 18 admitted from the left hand side to
the rings or cucles of vanes and guide-blades g and respectively nearest the
periphery, the said fluid traveising the rings or circles of vanes and guide-blades
from the left to the right in such a manner, that the fluid discharges from the
last wheel of the series into the exhaust-passage e at the right hand side of the
moto, while the diving-fluid by means of openings or nozzles f at the night is
admitted to and traverses the rings or circles of vanes and guide-blades and b
respectively in front of them from right to left, and is finally discharged through.
the passage at the left hand side of the series of turbines.
It will be evident that more especially when the turbine-diameters are large,

page_text: several such concentric passages for the driving-fluid may be arranged in such a
manner that the duving fluid in at least two circles of vanes, situated concen-
trically in the same radial plane, will always rotate in directions opposite to each
other In Figure 3 a diagram of the passages between the ranes of such a
tuibine is shorn as an example where as great a portion of the turbine-wheel
as possible is taken up by passages for the fluid The duections of flow of the
fluid is indicated by the arrows Figure 4 likewise represents a diagram of au
axial flow turbine-wheel of the same size as that illustrated in Figure 3. In
this case the wheel 18 also taken up to the greatest possible extent by passages for
the fluid The passages at the upper portion of the wheel (see the upper half of
Figure 4) are here so placed that all the inlets for the fluid are situated at the
same end and as far out toward the periphery as is possible, while the areas
requned for the outlets entuely covet the other end. In the lower half of Figure 4
the inlets are placed so as to be at the same distance from the centre of the turbine-
wheel as the outlets (as in Figure 3) with all the inlets located at one end, while
the outlets enturely cover the other end (as in the upper half of Figure 4)
regard to the capacity of a given turbine-wheel to absorb and transmit a maximum
of the energy of the dining-fluid, an approximate comparative computation of
the different arrangements of passages set forth in Figures 3 and 4, shows that,
other conditions being equal, the turbine in Figure 3, develops about 33% more
power than either of the arrangements represented in Figure 4, which latter are
about equally efficient when compared with each other
With
Figure 5 shows the positions of the guide-blades and vanes of the turbine shown
in Figure 1, when the diving-fluid is simultaneously admitted from both ends of
the series of turbine-wheels. The sections are taken on the developed curves A-B
and C-1) (of Figure 2). Figure 6 represents similar sections but with the
vanes and guide-blades so placed that the turbine will move in one direction,
when the driving-fluid is admitted to the outer circles of vanes only, and in the
opposite direction, when the diving-fluid is allowed to traverse only the inner
cicles of TANEB
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same 18 to be performed, we declare that what
we claim 18
1. In axial flow turbines having two or more concentric rings or circles of vanes
or buckets in the same radial plane or planes, the arrangement that the tubine-
wheel is provided at both ends with inlets for the driving-fluid in front of different
ings or circles of vaues or buckets, and that the turbine wheel is provided at
the opposite end to that at which an inlet of a 1ng o circle of vanes or buckets
18 situated, with an outlet belonging to the same time or circle, said outlet serving
for the leading away from the turbine of the diving fluid, which has passed
through the turbine only once axially and thus only in one direction, with a
view to absorb and transmit by means of one and the same turbine-wheel a
maximum of the energy of the diving-fluid
2 In turbines of the kind described in Claim 1, the arrangement that the vanes
or buckets of two at least of the concentric cucles or rings of vanes or buckets
in the same radial plane or planes, when compared with each other, and the
guide-blades of the corresponding circles or rings of guide-blades, when compared
with each other, are so tuined that the concave sides of the vanes or blades of one
of said cucles are duected oppositely to those of the other.
3 The complete turbine substantially as described or illustrated in Figure 1
of the accompanying drawings
Dated this 27th day of September 1899
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicants.