IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1885

page_text: DE POLICATION.
I PETER JENSEN, Fel, Inst, P,A, of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE WHEELS "
(A communication to
me from abroad by Johan Olof Forsslund of Sundbyberg in the Kingdom of Sweden
Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Road wheels manufactured according to this invention have a soft and silent
motion or action which is greatly to be desired for the uneven pavements of our
towns and whereby the crystallisation or destructive alteration of the inner
structure of the iron or steel of the spokes is prevented.
Figure 1 on the drawing represents in clevation a waggon wheel made according
to this invention and Figure is a vertical cross section of the wheel both views
showing the manner in which the exterior ends of the wheel spokes are connected ⚫
with the rim and how the interior dove-tail-shaped or otherwise enlarged ends are
placed in the chill mould in the moment when the nave is to be cast the whole
being held in a hinged support constructed for this purpose.
Eight nine or ten wooden felloes w all according to the different diameters and
purpose of the wheel and made of strong birch, oak or beech, simply cut out by
means of a band saw according to a pattern are fixed upon a round bed plate
whereupon the joints are cut down by means of a hand saw, the felloes being then
driven together until the exterior face of the felloes corresponds with the circle line
traced upon the bed plate.
The tyre t having been welded in the usual manner and made quite circular on a
mandril is then drawn on hot, whereby the said tyre will exactly enclose the felloes
or rim,
The whole rim is then put into a lathe where the felloe rim is turned while
running round at great speed and perfectly true and even and in a much shorter
time than it could be done by hand planing.

page_text: The tenons in the common wheel with wooden spokes suffer from moisture and
dryness and actually break on the felloes and where the felloe joints are free at the
places where the pressure actuates most heavily say in the middle between the
spokes but in the present construction are provided the U-shaped flanges a made
in one piece with the wheel spokes a¹ of iron or Bessemer steel. These flange
pieces a surround each felloe joint and impart thus to the wooden felloes a double
force of resistance at the same time that the required softness and silence of motion
of the wheel are completely obtained.
The spokes a a¹ having been connected with the rim, the dovetail-shaped inner
ends e of the wheel spokes are in any suitable manner heated to a black heat
whereupon they are put into the bottom half of the chill mould f while the rim is
by means of clamps g secured on the casting support h which latter during this
operation rests on the two parts m² of the bracket m, to which the support his
hinged by means of the pin m². The top i of the chill is then put on and the finely
finished steel core k likewise hot and provided with any suitable coat with the view
of preventing adhesion and welding, is pushed into the chill, whereupon the
support his turned over into the position shown in Figure 2. Then the molten
cast iron is cast in the opening 2. The iron becomes solid almost instantly, so that
a nave may be cast in the same chill every tenth minute. By this method of
casting the wheel naves obtain an almost unwearable hardness and an excessively
easy motion round the axle necks, which are less worn in those hard hollows than
in common nave boxes.
If the wheel spokes need to be strained somewhat against the rim when cooled,
this will be easily effected by diminishing the oblique position of the spokes by
means of a press, whereby the flanges a of the spokes are steadily pressed against
the inner side of the rim.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what .
I claim as the invention communicated to me is
First-The method of casting the nave on the enlarged or dovetail shaped ends
of the wheel spokes around a coated and chill hardening still core in a chill disposed
on a rotatable casting support.
Second-The carriage wheel constructed substantially as described and shown.