IMPROVE- MENTS IN TYPE WRITERS to be as follows:-
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOSEPH PRIESTLY SMITH of 21 Broad Street Birmingham in the County of
Warwick, Surgeon do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TYPE WRITERS to be as follows:-
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in type writers.
The printing instrument which I employ in these machines is a type wheel and
I rotate this wheel to bring the type into position as they are required for printing
by means of a cord or chain wound around a barrel on the type wheel axis.
Letters and signs corresponding to those upon the type wheel are also marked.
upon a scale perforated with holes one hole for each letter or sign. These parts
are arranged upon a narrow and nearly horizontal board which can move through
a small space by turning on pivots. The pivots are on the side nearer the operator
whilst the type wheel is on the opposite side or edge of the board.
The cord on the barrel of the type wheel is attached at its free end to a style.
On moving the style to and fro the type wheel is turned first in one direction and
then in the other a spring tending always to bring back the wheel to a zero
position.
The operation in printing then is to bring the point of the style to the hole in
the scale corresponding to the letter required, to insert the point into the hole, and
to press with the style upon the scale. The pivotted board on which both the
scale and the type wheel are carried yields to the pressure and the type wheel
having been set to position by the unwinding of the cord from the barrel is thus
brought into contact with the paper to be printed. Letter after letter is printed,
in this way the paper being moved on a step after each impression. The type
wheel is inked by small rollers having ink on their surfaces, in contact with which
it rotates.
The inking rollers are carried by light spring blades and a similar spring blade
forms a guard to ensure that only one letter of the type wheel shall come at each
depression into contact with the paper. The spring guard has a hole in it through
which the desired type descends to reach the paper.
The cord does not pass directly to the style from the barrel on the type wheel
axis but is led around a guide pulley. To facilitate adjustment I mount the
pulley upon a lever the position of which can be set as required by means of an
eccentric.

page_text: The paper is supported upon a carriage which travels step by step past the type
wheel. The sheet to be printed is held upon the flat upper surface of the carriage.
by pressure rollers. These rollers are upon an axis mounted upon the carriage and
passing along it with the paper beneath. This axis is turned by hand one or more
steps to provide the space between line and line.
On the under part of the carriage at the side next the operator there are two
rings or eyes and a stationary horizontal bar passes through the eyes. The carriage
travels along this bar with the paper projecting from it in front beneath the type
wheel and over a stationary platten or impression surface. The carriage is also
supported by resting upon the periphery of a. wheel; it is the rotation of this
wheel which imparts motion to the carriage to provide the space between letter
and letter.
Upon the axis of the wheel there is a ratchet and with the ratchet a pawl
engages; the pawl is carried by a lever which is connected with a second lever;
the latter is the spacing key. The spacing key can not only be put down by hand
when desired but is is also moved on each depression of the type wheel; &
projection on the pivotted board carrying the type wheel then operating against
the spacing key.
The whole apparatus is contained in a box or case of a desk like form, the lid is
in two parts, one opening forwards forms a convenient support for the hand and
arm of the operator, and the other opening backwards forms a support for the
manuscript.

page_text: "
I JOSEPH PRIESTLEY SMITH of 21 Broad Street Birmingham in the County
of Warwickshire Surgeon do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE WRITERS and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in type writers.
.
The printing instrument which I employ in these machines is a type wheel and
I rotate the wheel to bring the type into position as they are required for printing
by means of a cord or chain wound around a barrel on the type wheel axis.
Letters and signs corresponding to those upon the type wheel are also marked
upon a scale perforated with holes one hole for each letter or sign. These parts are
arranged upon a narrow and nearly horizontal board which can move through a
small space by turning on pivots. The pivots are on the side nearer the operator
whilst the type wheel is on the opposite side or edge of the board.
The cord on the barrel of the type wheel is attached at its free end to a style.
On moving the style to and fro the type wheel is turned first in one direction and
then in the other a spring tending always to bring back the wheel to a zero
position.
The operation in printing them is to bring the point of the style to the hole in
the scale corresponding to the required letter to insert the point into the hole and
to press with the style upon the scale. The pivoted board on which both the scale
and the type wheel are carried yields to the pressure and the type wheel having
been set to position by the unwinding of the cord from the barrel is thus brought
into contact with the paper to be printed. Letter after letter is printed in this
way, the paper being moved on a step after each impression. The type wheel is
inked by small rollers having ink on their surfaces in contact with which it rotates.
The inking rollers are carried by light spring blades and a similar spring blade
forms a guard to ensure that only one letter of the type wheel shall come at each
depression into contact with the paper. The spring guard has a hole in it through
which the desired type descends to reach the paper.
The cord does not pass directly to the style from the barrel on the type wheel
axis but is led around a guide pulley. To facilitate adjustment I mount the pulley
upon a lever the position of which can be set as required by means of an eccentric.
The paper is supported upon a carriage which travels step by step past the type
wheel. The sheet to be printed is held upon the flat upper surface of the carriage
by pressure rollers. These rollers are upon an axis mounted upon the carriage and
passing along it with the paper beneath. This axis is turned by hand one or more
steps to provide the space between line and line.
On the under part of the carriage at the side next the operator there are two
rings or eyes and a stationary horizontal bar passes through the eyes. The carriage
travels along this bar with the paper projecting from it in front beneath the type
wheel and over a stationary platen or impression surface. This notion may be
imparted to the carriage in various ways of which one is the following:
The carriage is also supported by resting upon the periphery of a wheel; it is
the rotation of this wheel which imparts motion to the carriage to provide the
space between letter and letter.

page_text: Upon the axis of the wheel there is a ratchet and with the ratchet a pawl engages;
the pawl is carried by a lever which is connected with a second lever; the latter
is the spacing key. The spacing key can not only be put down by hand when
desired but it is also moved on each depression of the type wheel; a projection on
the pivoted board carrying the type wheel then operating against the spacing key.
The whole apparatus is contained in a box or case of a desk like form, the lid
is in two parts, one opening forwards forms a convenient support for the hand
and arm of the operator and the other opening backwards forms a support for the
manuscript.
And in order that this my said invention may be more fully understood I have
prepared the accompanying two sheets of drawings showing a type writer
constructed according to my said invention.
Figure 1 is a plan of the type writer open.
Figure 2 is a cross section on line A B Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section on line C. D Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a plan to a reduced scale of a paper feed motion.
Figure 5 is a cross section of same.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of same.
Figure 7 is a plan to a reduced scale of a modified feed motion to paper actuated
by the pivoted board.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of same.
Figure 9 is an enlarged plan of a modification of type wheel, band wheel axis and
supports with adjusting index and guard blade.
Figure 10 is a cross section of the same.
Figure 11 is a longitudinal section of same.
Figure 12 is a plan of the end of guard blade.
Figure 13 is a plan of one of the notched lettered bars forming scale.
Figure 14 is an elevation of the same, also showing the style.
Figure 15 is a plan of lettered bar with circular holes instead of notches.
Figure 16 is a side elevation of the same.
Figure 17 is a plan of an adjusting lever and its connections to style.
Similar letters denote similar parts in each and every figure in which they
occur.
a is the case of the type writer made in the form (preferably) of a flat box. The
two ends u¹. a. serve to support some parts of the mechanism. Part of the lid a³
hinged to the box opens out to form a rest for the hand of the operator, and the
part of the lid a* remote from the operator serves as a convenient support for paper
or manuscript. It will be seen that when these two parts of the lid are shut the
type writer is quite closed, it is then easily portable, suitable fastenings and
handles being provided, a³ is a cavity in the lid to clear internal parts.
b is a pivoted board provided with sockets 62 b2 which receive the ends of the
pivots which are fastened to the sides a¹ a³ of the box, near the edge of the
board next the operator, 63 63 are flat springs which serve to limit the downward
motion of the board b the outer ends of them rest on adjusting screws bb-b³ is
a large notch cut out of the pivotted board b so that the written portion of the
paper on the type writer may be seen. c. is a type wheel by which the printing is
effected. It has on its periphery suitable types made preferably of india rubber
though I do not limit myself to that material. The types are not arranged in
consecutive order but they are placed so as to correspond with the scale of the
letters k, on which the letters most frequently used are placed in the most readily
accessible positions. d is an index or pointer for the purpose of adjusting the
instrument, a mark c, being brought to the pointer when the style point g* occupies
a certain determinate position on the scale of letters k, usually letter E-e, is a
block on the underside of the pivotted board b which carries a thin slip of metal e¹
forming a guard having a hole or notch e' in the end, this end comes below the
type wheel c between it and the platen land over the paper & Figure 10 which is
being printed on, this guard allows only the type immediately over the centre of

page_text: the platen to produce an impression. f. f. are inking rollers one on each side of the
type wheel c Each is mounted on a spring blade f¹ which gently presses its
inking roller against the type wheel. g is the cord or string wound round the
small wheel c or the axis of the type wheel, it is connected by a short piece of
chain g' to a spring h which is fastened to the side of the box a². This spring
serves to return the type wheel to its normal position after having been partly
rotated. is the handle of the style, it is held in the right hand of the operator
when at work. It is provided with an adjustment g³ on the underside. The
working end g of the style is by preference bent approximately to a right angle
as shown in Figure 14. A string go from the adjuster g³ passes through a hole
close by the bend of the style point and through a guide to the band wheel c¹
round which it passes and to which it is secured. k. k. k. is a scale on which
letters figures and other symbols are marked, the principle of my Invention being
that when the point g of the style is pressed against or close by, any letter or
symbol on the scale k the corresponding letter or symbol is being printed by the
type wheel c on the paper 8. The paper 8 is only shown in Figure 10-it rests on
the carriage m as will be described. Behind each letter or symbol on the scale k
is a notch k¹ to which the point g* of the style is applied, as clearly shewn in
Figure 14. Or instead of notches I may use holes k as shown in Figures 15. 16 17,
the effect is the same. 7, Figures 1. 2 and 10 is the platen on which that part of
the paper rests which is receiving the impression of the type wheel. I make it by
preference a short piece of bone, ivory or similar material let into the platen
block in which it has a vertical adjustment by a screw placed underneath it or
by other suitable means. The top face of platen is made to suit the position of type
wheel. The paper which is to receive the impression of the type wheel rests on the
carriage m which consists of a board carrying the paper, which board has a lateral
motion on a guide rod mo, and the ledge aº. The guide rod m¹º is carried by
supports mm" on the inside of the box. In the board m are cut slots in which
are fitted slips of boxwood n. n. n, which act as flat springs pressing upwards on
the smooth upper surfaces of these the paper rests and it passes under and is gently
gripped by the india rubber rollers n³ n³ n² which are mounted on the spindle n
carried in bearings no n³ on the carriage m. This spindle has a notched head n³
for the purpose of rotating it by the operator's left hand the notches preferably four
in number serving to show the amount the spindle has been rotated and by
consequence the amount the paper has been advanced, this advance determining the
space between each line of type written matter. It is to be understood that
though this apparatus of carriage m with box wood springs n. n and india rubber
rollers and appurtenances is only shown fully in Figures 1 and 2 yet it is applied
also to the modifications shown in Figures 4 and 7. In the front of the box a' is cut
a slot a³ Figure 2 for the purpose of allowing larger pieces of paper than ordinary
to be used.
The intermittent lateral motion of the carriage m necessary to form the spaces
between letters and words I obtain in several ways. I may employ the arrange-
ment of parts shown in Figures 4. 5 and 6 which is the arrangement I described in
my Provisional Specification. In this mode of obtaining the lateral motion a
lever m³ is depressed by a catch m¹ mounted on the pivoted board b. Every time
a letter in the scale is pressed down by the style g' this pivoted board and the end
of the lever m² actuated by it are depressed. The lever m³ works on a fulcrum m³
and the end remote from the operator raises the end of a lever m' against the
resistance of a spring ms. This lever m' is provided with a pawl me which moves
a ratchet wheel m. When the pivoted board b is depressed the pawl me moves
over a tooth but when it rises the pawl me pushes the ratchet wheel m³ in the
direction of the arrow. The ratchet wheel m7 is secured to an axis m³ which also
carries a milled wheel m³ which engages with and drives by friction the underside
of the carriage m.
I prefer however to use the arrangement of parts shown on Figures 1. 2 and 3 in
which the intermittent lateral motion is obtained by the left hand of the operator.

page_text: pushing the milled head p at the same time that the right hand presses the
style g on the scale k. The head p is mounted on a spindle p¹ which is provided
with a spiral spring p' and actuates the sliding piece p³ which moves on guides p³.
To the piece p³ is attached a flat spring p₁ having a hooked end 25 pointing
upwards. This hooked end engages in the teeth of a rack p' which is secured to
the underside of the carriage m. This rack has teeth of a ratchet form so placed
that when the milled head p, is pressed inwards towards the box a the hooked end
of the spring passes over the rack teeth, causing no motion, but when the parts
regain their normal position by the elasticity of the spring p³ the hooked end p³
engages with a tooth of the rack p' and moves the carriage to the left thus causing
a space to be made between letter and letter in the type written matter.
addition to the arrangement just described I may add a lever by means of which
the slide p³ is actuated from the pivotted board b as shown in Figures 7 and 8. In
this case the motion of the sliding piece p³ is obtained from the pivoted board b
through the means of levers q and q which are mounted at right angles on a weigh
shaft q carried in suitable bearings. The lover q is attached to the sliding
piece p³ by the rod q³. The operator may then use his left hand or not at
pleasure.
In
When the carriage m has reached the limit of its travel to the left, the back end
of it is raised by the operators hand lifting the projection n' so as to free it from
its driving apparatus and it is moved a sufficient distance to the right as
determined by the stop peg o which may be placed in any one of the holes o¹ as
required.
The arrangement of cord in connection with barrel, type wheel axis and style
which I prefer is shown and has been described in connection with Figures 1, 9, 10
and 14. I may however use the arrangement shown in Figure 17 which is the one
which I described in my Provisional Specification. In this arrangement of parts
the cord g³ is led from the barrel c' round a guide pulley r to the point of the
style The guide pulley is mounted on one end of a lever ¹ having a
fulcrum. The other end is adjusted to position by means of the eccentric ³
which moves with sufficient friction for it to remain at any point at which it may
be set. 8 Figure 10 is the sheet of paper shown in section as passing over the
platen and under the guide e¹ also under the type wheel c.
tt Figure 1 are holes for bottles of ink which may conveniently be placed
there, the lid a* when the box is shut preventing the stoppers from coming out.
The arrangement and combination of parts as shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 3 is
that which I prefer, the type wheel with its appurtenances being however modified
as shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11.
The manner of using a type writer constructed according to my invention and as
herein before described is as follows. The box is opened and placed in the position
shown in Figures 1 and 2 the carriage m being to the right as drawn. Ink is
placed on the rollers ff and from them communicated to the type by rotating the
type wheel a few times by means of the cord attached to the style. The
position of the type wheel c with regard to the style may require adjustment. If
it is set correctly a notch on the type wheel corresponds with the pointer d
when the style point g is at a determined point, usually letter E on the scale k.
Adjustment if required is made by means of the cord adjuster g³ on underside of
style handle.
A piece of writing paper of suitable size and shape is then placed on the
carriage m with the lower edge placed so as to touch the India rubber rollers n'
where they rest on the boxwood springs n n the operator then rotates the notched
head n³ till the paper is drawn downwards as far as it will go without escaping
from the rollers while this is being done the pivotted board bis slightly raised so
that the paper & passes over the platen and under the guard e¹ Figures 2 and 10.
The operator then takes the style handle gå in his right hand and places his left
hand so that he can conveniently press the milled head p with the fingers of that
hund. He then presses the style point g into the hole or notch on the scale k

page_text: which he wishes to print on the paper with sufficient force to depress the type
wheel on to the paper simultaneously pressing the milled head p with his left
hand. The letter or symbol he wishes is then printed. When he raises the style
from the hole or notch and simultaneously relieves the head p of the pressure on it,
the pivoted board 6 regains its former position by the action of the springs b³ ³
and the rod p¹ in regaining its former position by the action of the spring p*
acts on the ratchet rack p as previously described moving the carriage m to the
left the proper distance to make the requisite space between the type written letters
on the paper. The same action is then repeated with the next letter required and
80 on. When a word has been completed, the operator gives an extra push to the
milled head p this gives a blank space on the paper between the completed word
and the next. When the first line is complete the operator partially rotates the
notched head n³ bringing a fresh surface of paper under the type wheel at a
suitable distance to form the next line of type writing. He then lifts the back end
of the carriage m by the projection n' and moves it by hand to its original
position. It will be understood that the spring h, keeps the cord taut. Line after
line is thus written until the paper is filled when it is removed and another
substituted if necessary.
I do not limit myself to the exact conformation and construction of parts herein
described or shown on the accompanying drawings but I may vary them somewhat
while not departing from my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The combination in a type writer of a printing wheel carrying types on
its circumference with a rotating barrel, a cord and a spring, the cord being
connected in a determinate manner to a style held in the operator's hand so that
when the style is properly applied to any letter or symbol on a scale, the
corresponding letter is printed on the paper by the type wheel.
Second. The combination in a type writer of a printing wheel carrying types
and actuated by a style and cord with a carriage holding the paper and mechanism
in connection therewith giving to the paper the necessary movements substantially
as described.
Third. The combination in a type writer of a printing wheel carrying types and
actuated by a style and cord with a pivoted board or frame carrying the said
printing wheel and also a scale corresponding to the letters and signs upon the
printing wheel so that by the movement of the said board or frame the printing
wheel may be brought into contact with the paper substantially as described.
Fourth. The general construction of a type writer substantially as herein before
described.
"
100K