IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREWS, A PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PINS, RIVETS, AND NAILS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Avery, of the Firm of James and Sons, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Screw Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
SCREWS, A PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE USED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PINS, RIVETS, AND NAILS."
Sealed the 2nd May 1862, and dated the 15th February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Avery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1862.
I, WILLIAM AVERY, of the Firm of James and Sons, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Screw Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF SCREWS, A PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PINS, RIVETS, AND NAILS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of the improvements herein-after described
in heading machines for making and heading screw blanks, a portion of which
improvements may also be applied to other machines for making screw blanks,
and to machines for making pins, rivets, and nails.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the improvements herein-after described
in feeders for feeding screw blanks into machines in which the turning,
nicking, worming, and pointing of the said blanks are effected, which improve-
nients may also be applied to machines for making pins, rivets, and nails.

page_text: My Invention consists, thirdly, of the improvements herein-after described
in machines for turning or shaving, and nicking the heads of screw blanks.
My improvements in heading machines for making screw blanks are as
follows:-The principal object of this part of my Invention is to make the
heading machines readily accommodated to the making of screw blanks of
different lengths. I support the heading die by means of a large screw,
against the end of which said screw the said heading die works. The said
large screw is hollow, and carries the cutting-off piece, against which the
heading die cuts off the wire to be headed. The said cutting-off piece is
supported in the said large screw by a smaller screw in the hollow of the said
large screw. The said large screw works in the block which carries the heading
die. By means of the said large screw the heading die is accurately adjusted.
I effect the adjustment of the heading punch by means of a screw instead of
the packing ordinarily employed. In feeding into the machine the wire of
which the blanks are made, I use in place of the ordinary ratchet and pall a
feeder constructed as follows:-To give the required intermittent motion to
the feeding rolls, I fix on the end of the axis of one of the said rolls a wheel
or disc of iron. An arm working on the same axis and close to the said disc,
has in it a joint, the said joint being situated at the periphery of the said disc.
When the lower part of the said jointed arm is moved in one direction, the
top of the said part bears against the edge of the disc and carries the said disc
forward. When the lower part of the said arm is moved in the opposite
direction its top does not bear against the edge of the disc, and moves without
moving the said disc. By giving an alternating motion to the said arm by
a rod worked from a cam, an intermittent motion in one direction is given to
the said disc and to the feeding rolls. The length of the said arm can be
adjusted with nicety by means of a screw, and the length of feed accurately
determined. This improved feeder may be applied to various kinds of
machines for making screw blanks, and the improvements whichi. relate to
the heading of the blank may be applied to machines for making pins, rivets,
and nails.
My improvements in feeders for. feeding screw blanks into machines in
which the turning, heading, nicking, worming, and pointing are effected are
as follows: The feeder consists of a fork supported in a nearly horizontal
position by a joint on the top of an arm, the said arm having motion in a
vertical plane. The blanks are contained in a fixed hopper, into which the
end of the fork dips with an advancing motion. The fork having thus been
forced among the blanks turns upon its joint, and assumes a horizontal
position. In rising it lifts up one or more blanks. The arm carrying the

page_text: fork now turning upon its centre, the fork is carried horizontally from over
the hopper. The fork is next tilted, so that the blanks it carries slide down it
into the rail which conducts them to the fingers, by which they are delivered
to the clams or jaws. The motions are given to the several parts by cams and
mechanical appliances, which I do not think it necessary here to describe.
These improvements in feeders may also be applied to machines for making
pins, rivets, and nails.
My improvements in machines for shaving and nicking the heads of screw
blanks are as follows:-A rotary circular saw capable of an advancing and
retiring motion in the line of the axis of the blank to be operated upon is
situated in front of the clams in which the blank is held. After the first
turning of the head has been effected the turning tool retires, and the blank is
brought to rest, the rotating circular saw is brought against the head and cuts
the nick thereon. The saw then retires, and a rotary motion being given to
the clams carrying the blank the turning tool again advances, and the second
turning or shaving of the head is effected. In order to permit of the action
of the circular saw several of the parts of the machine require to be arranged
differently from their arrangement in the ordinary machine. The peculiarity
of this machine is, that the blank retains the same position in the machine
during the turning and nicking processes, its rotation only being arrested
during the nicking process. The several motions are communicated by cams
and levers, and mechanical arrangements, which I do not think it necessary
here to describe. In this machine the blank after it has been operated upon
is projected by means of a small lever acted on by a coiled spring, against one
end of which lever the end of the blank bears. This arrangement may be
applied to all kinds of turning, worming, and pointing machines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Avery in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 12th
August 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
AVERY, of the Firm of James and Sons, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Screw Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: the said William Avery, Her special licence, that I, the said William Avery,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Avery, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and. lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREWS, A PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
MAY ALSO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PINS, RIVETS, AND NAILS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Avery, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the sanie to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Avery, do hereby declare
the nature of the. said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
My Invention consists, firstly, of the improvements herein-after described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings in heading machines for
making and heading screw blanks, which improvements may also be applied
to other machines for making screw blanks, and to machines for making pins,
rivets, and nails.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the improvements herein-after described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in feeders for feeding screw blanks
into machines, in which the turning, nicking, worming, and pointing of the said
blanks are effected, which improvements may also be applied to machines for
making pins, rivets, and nails.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of the improvements herein-after described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings in machines for turning or
shaving, and nicking the heads of screw blanks.
My improvements in heading machines for making or heading screw blanks
are represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings,
Figure 1 being a plan of a heading machine containing my improvements,
and Figure 2 being a vertical longitudinal section of the same; Figure 3 is
a cross section, showing, the heading dies in elevation; Figure. 4 is a cross
section of a portion of the same taken through the liue a, Figure 2; and

page_text: Figure 5 is a cross section taken through the line b, Figure 1. The same
letters of reference are employed to indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5.
The principal object of this part of my Invention is to effect tho ready
accommodation of heading machines to the making of screw blanks of different
lengths. The heading die c is supported by means of a large screw d, against
the end of which said screw the said heading die works. The said large
screw d is hollow, and carries the cutting-off picce e, against which the heading
die c cuts off the wire to be headed. The said cutting-off piece e is supported
in the large screw d by a smaller screw f in the hollow of the large screw d.
The said large screw d works in the block g, which supports the heading die.
By means of the large screw d the heading die c is accurately adjusted. The
adjustment of the heading punch h is effected by means of a screw i instead
of the packing ordinarily employed. In feeding into the machine the wire
of which the blanks are to be made, I use in place of the ordinary mechanical
arrangement a feeder constructed as follows:-To give the required inter-
mittent motion to the feeding rolls k. I fix on the end of one of the said
rolls a wheel or disc of iron l. An arm m working on the same axis as and
close to the said disc has in it a joint n, the said joint being situated at the
periphery of the said disc. When the lower part of the Said jointed arm m is
moved in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 2, the top o of the
said part bears against the edge of the disc 7, and carries the said disc
forwards. When the lower part of the arm m is moved in the opposite
direction, the said lower part turns upon the joint n, and the top o does not
bear against the edge of the disc l, and the said arm inoves without moving
the said disc. An alternating motion is given to the arm m by the rod p
worked from the stud q on the cam r, the motion being transmitted, through
the axis s and arm t. . By the alternating motion of the rod p an intermittent
rotatory motion is given in one direction to the disc land to the feeding rolls k
situated on the same axis. The acting length of the arm m can be, adjusted
with nicety by means of the screw u, and the length of the feed thereby accu-
rately determined.
This improved feeder may be applied to various kinds, of machines for
making screw blanks, and the improvements already. described with reference
to the beading of the blank may be applied to machines for making or heading
pins, rivets, and nails.
The construction and action of those parts of the machine, Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5, which I have not describéd, either do not differ from what is
already in use, or will, I believe, be sufficiently understood by any one

page_text: acquainted with screw-making machinery, by an examination of the Draw-
ings, and I therefore do not consider further explanation of the said parts
necessary.
My improvements in feeders for feeding screw blanks into machines in
which the turning, nicking, worming, and pointing are effected, are represented
in Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings, Figure 6 'representing in
end elevation, and Figure 7 in side elevation, a feeder constructed according
to this part of my Invention. The same letters indicate the samo parts in
Figures 6 and 7.
A fork a is supported on the top of the arm b, the said fork a being jointed
to the arm & at c. The fork a is capable of turning on the joint c in a vertical
plane. The blanks to be fed into the machine are contained in a fixed
hopper d, into which the end of the fork a dips with an advancing motion,
and takes up several of the said blanks. The motion of the arm 6 is thus
effected-The said arm 6 turns upon a centre at e, and carries a roller at f,
which bears upon the cam 9. By the rotation of the shaft h carrying the
cams, the arm is made to move until the centre c assumes the position
indicated in dotted lines at c. The cam i on the shaft h at the same time
acts upon the arm k, and through it upon the connecting rod 1, causing the
fork a to be depressed, so that the end which is forced among the blanks is
the lowest.
The further action of the cam i causes the end of the fork a to rise,
carrying with it some blanks, and to assume a nearly horizontal position.
The arm next turning upon the centre e, the fork a is carried horizontally
from over the hopper d. The fork is next tilted into the position represented
in the Drawing, when the blanks it carries slide down it into the fixed rail m,
which conducts them to the fingers, from which they are delivered to the
clams or jaws of the turning machine. If the fixed rail m is full of blanks,
those picked up by the fork a are prevented from sliding out of it, when it
assumes a nearly horizontal position by means of the fixed hook n, and tho
feeding is suspended until there is room in the said rail for more blanks.
The return motion of the fork a and arm 6 are effected by springs not repre-
sented in the Drawing.
The precise motions of the several parts of the feeder, Figures 6 and 7,
may be readily traced by an examination of the shapes of the cams g and i,
and the different positions of the centres indicated in dotted lines in Figure 7.
These improvements in feeders may also be applied to machines used in the
manufacture of pins, rivets, and nails.
My improvements in machines for turning or shaving and nicking the

page_text: heads of screw blanks are represented in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 of tho
accompanying Drawings, Figure 8 being a side elevation of a machine con-
taining my improvements; Figure 9 is a plan of the same; Figure 10 is an
end elevation; and Figure 11 is a transverse section taken through tho
line a, Figure 8. The same letters indicate the same parts, in Figures 8, 9,
10, and 11.
.:
The peculiarity in this machine is that the blank being operated upon
retains the same position during the turning and nicking processes, its rotation
being arrested during the nicking process. The first turning of, the head of
the screw blank 9 having been effected by the turning tool or cutter b, tho
said tool or cutter retires into the position represented in the Drawing, and
the blank g is brought to rest in the manner herein-after explained, and a
rotating circular saw c advances and cuts the nick in the head of the blank.
The said rotating saw c is carried by the arm d turning on the centre e. The
said saw c has an advancing and retiring motion very nearly in the line of the
axis of the blank to be operated upon. The advancing and retiring motions
of the saw c are thus effected:-f, g, are two levers turning upon a common
centre at h; cams i and k act upon the levers f, g, respectively; the cam i
acting through the roller l, rod m, and piece n, first depresses the end o³ of the
lever g and holds it in a depressed position. The cam k next acting upon tho
leverf depresses the said lever, and thereby still further depresses the end g
of the lever g; the end g³ of the lever g is thus raised, and through it the
rod o and the end p³ of the bell crank lever p; the end p³ of the bell crank
lever p is thus moved nearly horizontally in the direction of the axis of
blank g, and communicates its motion through the rod r to the block in which
the axis of the rotating saw c works. By the further rotation of the cams i, k,
the saw c is allowed to retire, the return motions of the several parts. being
effected by springs. A rotatory motion is again given to the clams s carrying
the blank q, the turning or cutting tool 6 again advances and the second
turning or shaving of the head is effected. A rotatory motion is given to the
saw.c from the driving shaft t by means of the bevil gear 1, the rotatory
motion communicated to the toothed wheel w by the said bevil gear u being
transmitted to a toothed wheel at the bottom of the axis e, on which tho
arm & turns, the last-named toothed wheel taking into a toothed wheel on the
bottom of the saw shaft, indicated in dotted lines at x in Figuro 8. The
clams s by which the blank 9 is carried are made to rotate and are brought to
rest at the required times by the arrangement best seen in the section
Figure 11; y is a pulley on the shaft carrying the clams s, and is a similar
the

page_text: 'pulley on the axis 2; the said axis 2 is carried by the arms 3 turning upon
the driving shaft t. On the said driving shaft t is a toothed wheel 4 which
takes into another toothed wheel 5 on the axis 2, and when the several parts
are in the positions indicated in Figure 11, the driving shaft t communicates
rotatory motion to the pulley y'on the shaft carrying the clams s through the
said toothed wheels 4 and 5, shaft 2, pulley, and band 6. When, however,
the arms 3 are e slightly raised the band 6 is no longer tight on the pulley,
and the rotation of the pulley y and the clams s is arrested. The pulley y is
held at rest when the arms 3 are raised by means of the lever 7 which acts as
a brake, the end 72 being pressed into contact with the periphery of the
pulley y by the coiled spring 8. On the descent of the arms 3 the lever 7 is
depressed by the chain 10, and the pulley y is at liberty to move; the band 6
is at the same time tightened and communicates rotatory motion from the
pulley to the pulley y. The depression of the arms 3 is effected by means
of the cam 11 on the cam shaft 12 acting on the lever 13, as will be under-
stood by an examination of Figure 11. After the blank q has been operated
upon, it is projected from the clams & by means of a small lever, indicated
at 14 in Figure 9. The end of this lever bears against the end of the blank g
and when the clams s open the coiled spring 15 acting on the lever 14, causes
the said lever to project the blank 7 from the machine. This arrangement for
projecting the blank from the clams may be applied to all kinds of turning,
worming, and pointing machines.
In order to permit of the action of the circular saw c several of the parts of
the machine require to be arranged somewhat differently from their arrange-
ment in a machine in which the circular saw has a rotatory motion only, but
as the arrangement of the different parts of the machine will I believe be
readily understood by persons familiar with screw-making machinery by an
examination of the Drawing, and as the said arrangements constitute no
essential part of my Invention, I do not consider a further description
necessary.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I which it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from
the nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the arrangement or combination of parts for supporting and readily
and accurately adjusting the heading dies of heading machines, or machines
for making screw blanks, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1,

page_text: 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings, and the application of the said
supporting and adjusting mechanism to machines for making pins, rivets, and
nails.
Secondly, adjusting the heading punch of heading machines or machines
for making screw blanks, pins, rivets, and nails, by means of a screw instead
of the packing ordinarily employed, as herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly, the arrangement or combination of parts for feeding the wire to be
made into screw blanks into heading machines, herein-before described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings, and
the application of the said feeding mechanism to other machines for making
screw blanks, and to machines for making pins, rivets, and nails.
Fourthly, the improvements in feeders for feeding screw blanks into turning,
nicking, worming, and pointing machines, herein-before described and illus-
trated in Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings, and the application
of the said improvements in feeders to machines for making pins, rivets, and
nails.
Fifthly, the arrangement or combination of parts of turning, nicking, and
re-turning machines, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 8, 9,
10, and 11 of the accompanying Drawings, by which the turning, nicking,
and re-turning of the head of the blank is effected without any change in the
position of the blank while under operation, the blank being made to rotate
during the turning and re-turning, and brought to rest and held during the
nicking.
Lastly, the application of the lever marked 14 in Figure 9 of the accom-
panying Drawings, for projecting tho blank or finished screw from the clams
jaws of turning, nicking, screwing, and pointing machines.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Avery, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Eleventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
W. F. JAMES.
WILLIAM AVERY. (L.S.)