trating Liquids and Depositing their Contents.
Year: 1885

page_text: trating Liquids and Depositing their Contents.
I GEORGE STEWARD HAZLEHURST of Southlands, Rhyl, in the County of
Flint, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING LIQUIDS AND
DEPOSITING THEIR CONTENTS to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object certain improvements hereinafter more par-
ticularly described in evaporating liquids, in and by which evaporation certain
materials are deposited, or precipitated, or the heavier constituents of the liquids
can be collected, such as in the manufacture of salt from brine, in the manufacture
of sugar, in the manufacture of glycerine from spent lyes of soap, or otherwise in
concentrating dye liquors and other like, or analogous processes, or manufactures.
My Invention further has for its object the simple concentration and evaporation
of liquids and certain improvements hereinafter more particularly described to be
employed in carrying out the improved method, or system above mentioned.
My Invention consists essentially in evaporating liquids, such as those above
spoken of by causing the spray, or finely divided jets, or streams of the liquids to
be subjected to heat whilst passing over, or down the strands, or cords of a network,
or equivalent material which has strands, or meshes and which can be made of
string, or metal wire, cane, or other vegetable fibre. I hang, or otherwise erect the
network in a room, or chamber in vertical, or inclined, or horizontal sheets and the
liquids to be treated are supplied to the upper portion of this network in sprays,
or finely divided streams and as such liquid travels down and along the strands, or
cords of the network it is evaporated by heat in the chamber, such heat being
generated in the room by radiation, no products of combustion of the fuel used
being admitted into the room, or chamber.
One means which I employ to divide the liquid up into spray is as follows: the
liquid is made to drop upon splash boards near the top of the network sheets
and as such liquid strikes the boards it is formed into spray and is caught by
the strands, or cords of the network. A suitable material, which I employ for the

page_text: -
formation of the network for the manufacture of salt from brine, consists of cotton,
or hempen string.
The room, or chamber in which the network is fixed is warmed by radiation of
heat from a material such as iron, or steel plate of any suitable shape which may
be heated either by coal, or coke, or by a regenerative furnace. The temperature
of the room will be made to vary according to the liquid under treatment.
In most cases it is necessary to provide a pan, or tank to receive the drippings
from the nets so that the liquid may be drawn away and redelivered upon the
network.
In operation as the spray of the liquid splashes upon the network it trickles
down and along the strands, or cords of the network and is so afforded a complete
exposure to the heat, thus promoting rapid evaporation, or deposition. When the
sheets of network are sufficiently coated, the adhering crystals, or deposits are
brushed off, or otherwise removed, which may be effected by machinery, or by hand
labour.

page_text: trating Liquids and Depositing their Contents.
I GEORGE STEWARD HAZLEHURST, of Southlands, Rhyl, in the County of
Flint, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING LIQUIDS AND
DEPOSITING THEIR CONTENTS, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention has for its object certain improvements hereinafter more par-
ticularly described, in evaporating liquids in and by which evaporation certain
materials are deposited, or precipitated, or the heavier constituents of the liquids
can be collected, such as in the manufacture of salt from brine, in the manufacture
of sugar, in the manufacture of glycerine from spent lyes of soap, or otherwise in
concentrating dye liquors and other like, or analogous processes, or manufactures.
My Invention further has for its object, the simple concentration and evaporation
of liquids and certain improvements hereinafter more particularly described to be.
employed in carrying out the improved method or system above mentioned.
The following is a description of my Invention in such full, clear and distinct
language as to enable any one skilled in, the art to which it belongs to put the
same into practice, reference being had to the accompanying two sheets of Drawings
making a part of this Specification and to the letters and figures of reference
marked thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote the same, or cor-
responding parts throughout the Drawings.
My Invention consists essentially in evaporating liquids, such as those above
spoken of, by causing spray, or finely divided jets of the liquids to be subjected to
heat while passing over, or down the strands, or cords of a network, or equivalent
material which has strands, or meshes and which can be made of string, or metal
wire cane or other vegetable fibre. I hang, or otherwise erect the network in a
room, or chamber in vertical, or inclined, or horizontal sheets and the liquids to be
treated are supplied to the upper portion of this network in sprays, or finely
divided streams and as such liquid travels down and along the strands, or cords
of the network, it is evaporated by heat in the chamber such heat being generated
in the room by radiation, no products of combustion of the fuel used being admitted
into the room, or chamber.
An apparatus suitable for carrying my Invention into practice is illustrated in
the Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 is an end view
of the apparatus erected in a room, or chamber, heated by radiation.

page_text: endless net band A is passed over and carried by a series of rollers B which run in
bearings supported by the beams C near the top of the containing room, or
chamber D. The endless net band A passes down from the rollers B and round
other rollers E which run in bearings e supported by the bearers F near the bottom
of the containing room D. Under the rollers E there is a tank, or trough I at the
ends of which are rollers G and H and between these rollers G and H and carried
and running in suitable bearings there are a pair of crushing rolls J the endless
net band A passing from one outside roller B₁ of the top series down and under
the roller G over the tank, or trough I and through between the crushing rollers J
and over the roller H and then hanging in a slack fold A² at the end of the tank,
or trough I. In the tank, or trough I and between the crushing rollers J and the
roller H and running in suitable bearings and under the endless net band A. is a
revolving beater X, the function of which is to strike the net band A as it passes..
The apparatus is driven by a shaft L which receives motion from any suitable
means. On the shaft L is a worm L' which works the crushing rollers J by means
of a worm wheel L². The shaft L is also provided with a fast pulley f and a loose
pulley g. In connection with these pulleys ƒ and g there is an endless rope h
which passes up to a pulley / the shaft of which runs in a bearing carried on the
beam C. On the same shaft as this pulley k there is a toothed pinion i which gears
into and works a toothed wheel on the spindle of one of the rollers B the wheel Z
in its turn working other toothed wheels m which run loose on their carrying
spindles and the toothed wheels m working the toothed wheels n which are fast on
their carrying spindles thus the power is imparted from the shaft L to each
alternate roller B through the wheels m and n which are on the same spindles as
the rollers B The roller G is carried between two lovers p in such a manner that
the weight of the roller tends to keep the endless net A in tension and when the
tension is too great the levers p are raised and by means of a forked rod q from the
end of one lever p the rope h is thrown onto the fast pulley f and power is thus
applied to the rollers B which by running at a higher speed than the crushing
rollers J over run and slacken and take any extreme tension from off the net A.
Over the rollers B there are a series of brine, or other liquor tanks M and between
the rollers B there are a series of splash boards N. The tanks M are provided
with paps & through which the liquor drops, or runs from the tank M onto the
splash boards N and thus splashes onto the strands, or cords of the endless net A as
it passes round. Over the tanks M there is a cistern Pinto which the liquor is
first fed and from which it runs through the troughs Q into the tanks M. The
room, or chamber D is heated by radiation from the hot plate R and furnace T the
apparatus being in duplicate one on either side of the hot plate.
A suitable material which I employ for the formation of the endless net band A
when used for the manufacture of salt from brine consists of cotton, or hempen
string.
The room, or chamber D is warmed by radiation as before stated and the tem-
perature is made to vary according to the liquid under treatment.
In most cases it is necessary to provide the pan, or trough I to receive the
drippings from the net A so that the liquid may be drawn away and re delivered
upon the network, and the concentrated, or deposited material removed.
In operation as the spray of the liquid splashes upon the network, it trickles
down and along the strands, or cords of the network and is afforded a complete
exposure to the heat, thus promoting rapid evaporation, or deposition. When the
sheets, or band of network is sufficiently coated the adhering crystals or deposits
are brushed off, or otherwise removed, for example they are crushed by the rollers J
and beaten off by the beater X striking the net from beneath The liquor which
by preference is hot liquor is run onto the net for any required time until the
crystals are formed, then the rollers are set in motion and the deposit if any
removed and the liquor may be raised again to the top of the net.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of iny said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The method substantially as herein set forth of evaporating and concen-
trating liquids and depositing their contents which method consists in spraying, or
equivalently feeding the liquor to be concentrated, or evaporated onto openwork
material (such as meshwork nets) enclosed in a leated chamber or room as and for
the purposes herein set forth.
Second. In evaporating and concentrating liquids, the use of a net, or system of
network operating substantially as herein set forth for the purposes described.
Third. Evaporating and concentrating liquids by means of a furnace, or furnaces
placed in a room in which a network is supplied with the liquid, as and for the
purposes herein set forth.
Fourth. The combination of parts of evaporating concentrating and depositing
apparatus constructed arranged and operating as herein set forth and shown in the
Drawings hereto annexed.