Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1886
Complete Left, 25th July, 1887
Complete Accepted, 22nd Oct., 1887
I HENRY WATERS of Coleshill Strect Birmingham in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the following improvements in taps and valves for water,
steam, and other liquids and fluids as hereinafter described; by which improvements
taps and valves are greatly simplified in their construction, and rendered more
efficient in their action, and their cost of manufacture greatly reduced.
Taps and valves of the ordinary construction are usually provided with screw down
glands and other loose parts, through which the screw stem, which operates or opens
and closes the valve, passes; and further, the valve is upon the outward side of the.
valve seat, so that the pressure exerted, tends to press the valve from its seat.
By my invention, I dispense with the use of glands and loose parts, and also
operate the valve through the intervention of a stem with a screwed end, which is
made to rise and fall, and thereby open and close the valve which is situated on the
inside face of the valve passage; so that the pressure exerted, only tends to force the
valve more closely to its seat; and further, the stem of the handle part being in
the outlet passage, there is no leakage, as little or no pressure is exerted, from the fact
of it being open.
I will describe my invention as applied to an ordinary screw-down water bib tap, for
general purposes.
I make the tap with the usual inlet and outlet passages, but instead of them being
in a direct line, I crank or divert the inner ends so as to bring one above the other,
in the middle part of the body of the tap; and at this middle part, I divide by a
diaphragm or partition, with a hole or passage, through which the valve stem passes,
and the valve closes from its under or inner side.
I make the valve and valve spindle in one, with the upper part of the latter wormed
with a left handed screw, (preferably a quick pitch) while the lower part of the valvo
spindle below the valve is square or angular, and works within the square or angular
eye of a washer placed within a recess in the underside of the body of the tap, so as
to compel the valve and valve spindle to move up and down without rotating.

page_text: The bottom of the tap is enclosed by a screw cap, having within its inner side a
recess, the bottom of which forms a stop to the lower end of the spindle.
The washer or plate, with a spindle guide hole through it is retained in position, by
annular flanges or shoulders on the top side, and by the inside rim or edge of the cap,
upon the other or underside.
The valve opening between the inlet and outlet passages is made conical from its
this cone
underside, and wherein a like cone on the top face of the valve seats itself;
part
takes the place, and forms a sound joint on the rubber or leather of the valve
becoming worn by use, thereby preventing waste.
Within the top of the tap which is usually called the gland part, I make solid, and
through the middle thereof, in the direction of the valvo spindle, the stem of the
handle or turn passes and screws, with a worm coarser than that of the valve spindle;
and which said stem is hollowed upwardly to admit of the rising and falling of the
valve stem, when the handle or turn is rotated; and I wish it to be observed that the
handle-stem and valvo stems work one within or over the other, at the top of the
outlet passage, where no pressure of water is exerted, as the outlet passage remains
open, so there can be no leakage through or around the stem of the handle part, as
is common with taps of the ordinary construction; and further, the valve is on the
pressure side, so that any undue pressure only tends to press the valve more
securely to its seat.
To open the valve, rotate the handle or T end in the proper direction, when its
screwed stem is lowered within the pillar of the body part, and the internally wormed
part screwed upon the wormed end of the valve spindle, thereby lowering the said
spindle, and removing the valve from its seat without rotation.
The valve seat instead of being upon the underside as described, may be upon
the upper side.
To close the valve, rotate the handle in the reverse direction, when the hollow
wormed axis or screw box up the middle of its stem, raises vertically the valve stem
through the intervention of its screwed end, and brings the valve face up to its
seat, (which is in the inside of the inlet passage or upon the underside of the
partition which divides the passages) with the whole pressure of the water exerting
itself upon the underside of the valve.
In consequence of the worm on the end of the valve spindle, being left handed,
and the worm on the handle stem being right handed, a differential motion is
obtained by the rotation of the latter, and a rapid rising and lowering motion of the
valve.
Instead of the outside of the handle or turn stem being screwed, it may be made
plain, with a flange at its lower end, and which stem is retained in position by a screw
cap fitting over the shoulders; in this case, the stem only rotates, in order to give
the requisite rising and falling motion to the valve spindle.
Dated this Twenty second day of October 1886.
HENRY WATERS.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, HENRY WATERS of Coleshill Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention consists of the following improvements in taps and valves for water
steam, and other liquids and fluids as hereinafter described; by which improvements
taps and valves are greatly simplified in their construction, and rendered more
efficient in their action and the cost of manufacture greatly reduced.
Taps and valves of the ordinary construction, are usually provided with screw
down glands and other loose parts, through which the screw stem which operates or
opens and closes the valve, passes; and further, the valve is upon the outward side of
the valve seat, so that the pressure exerted, tends to press the valve from its seat.
By my invention, I dispense with the use of glands and loose parts, and also
operate the valve through the intervention of a stem with a screwed end, which is
made to rise and fall, and thereby open and close the valve, which is situated on the
inside face of the valve passage; so that the pressure exerted, only tends to force the
valve more closely to its seat; and further, the stem of the handle part being in
the outlet passage, there is no leakage, as little or no pressure is exerted, from the fact
of it being open.
I will describe my invention as applied to an ordinary screw-down water bib
tap, for general purposes.
I make the tap with the usual inlet and outlet passages, but instead of the said
passages being in a direct line with each other, I crank or divert vertically their inner
ends, so as to bring one above the other, in the middle part of the body of the tap;
and at this middle, part, I divide by a diaphragm or partition, with a hole or passage
through its middle, which constitutes the valve passage, which is closed by a valve
from its under, or inner side.
The valve and valve spindle, which is in one, is wormed at its upper part, with a
right handed thread, of a quick pitch, while the lower part of the said spindle, or that
below the valve is made angular, and works within a like shaped eye or hole in a
guide washer, placed within a recess, or sunken bottom part, in the underside of the
body of the tap. This washer compels the valve and spindle to rise and fall vertically,
without rotating.
The bottom of the tap is enclosed by a screw cap, having within its inside, a recess,
of which the bottom forms a stop, to the downward motion of the valve spindle; this
cap also fixes the guide washer in position.
The top of the tap, which is usually called the gland part, I preferably make solid,
and through the middle thereof, in the axial line of the valve spindle, a screwed stem
with a handle or turn at its upper end, passes; and which said stem is screwed up
its middle, with a coarser thread than that of the worm on its outside.
The bringing of the valve to its seat on the inlet side of the valve passage, prevents
leakage around the stem taking within the gland part, as is common with taps of the

page_text: ordinary construction; and further, the said valve in consequence of being on the
pressure side, is only pressed more fully home, on undue pressure being applied.
The boundary edges of the valve passage, may be coned, wherein a like cone of the
valve seats itself; this cone part will always make a sound joint, on the rubber or
leather facings becoming worn.
To open the valve, rotate the screwed stem by its handle, which is thereby lowered
within the internally wormed part of the gland.
The screwed part of the valve spindle which is of a coarser thread, but of the same
pitch is lowered at an accelerated speed; and which said spindle and valve is
prevented from rotating, by the angular lower end working within the hole of the
guide washer.
To close the valve, re-rotate the handle, when the valve is rapidly drawn up to its
seat, while the stem of the handle part, moves upwardly, with a less speed, within the
screwed inside part of the gland.
Instead of the handle stem being wormed, it may be plain, with its lower end
provided with a boss or flange, which fits upon the underside of a supplementary
screwed cap, which takes upon the upper part of the gland. This stem has the axial
screwed hole within its middle, and rotates only without rising and falling.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a screw tap constructed according to
my invention, and which said tap, is shown closed, or with the valve up to its seat.
Figure 2 represents a like sectional view, but with the tap open, and with the screw
stem by which the handle part is carried, in elevation. The said handle part is shown
turned round. Figure 3 is a part longitudinal vertical section of the body of the tap,
while figure 4 is a front elevation of the screwed stem and handle part. Figure 5 is
a part vertical section of the same, but taken at right angles thereto. The other
views figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, show the other loose parts of the tap.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in figures 1 to 10 both
inclusive.
a is the body of the tap, a² is the inlet and barrel part, and a³ the front part, with
valve outlet ab is the valve passage, with an inwardly disposed valve seat on its
underside. c is the valve of the tap, with a rubber or leather facing c², which when
the tap is closed, presses up to the valve seat.
The valve has an upper and lower spindle c³, c; the former is angular, while the latter
is wormed with a right handed screw thread, (preferably of a quick pitch) which takes into
a corresponding screwed axial hole d², directed up the middle of the stem d. This stem is
wormed on its outside, with a screw thread, finer than that of the screw of the spindle c¹.
The difference in the coarseness of the threads of the said spindle and stem, gives a
greater rate of motion to the valve, on the stem being rotated by its handle or thumb
piece d³, situated at the upper extremity thereof.
The stem works within an internally screwed solid gland part a', coaxial with the
valve spindle.
The angular stem below the valve, passes into a like shaped hole, in a guide washer e,
secured in position, up to shoulder stops, by a screw cap f. This washer with a
spindle guide hole in its middle, compels the valve, and valve spindle, to move up and
down without rotating.
The screw capf, has a recess or sunken part in its middle, and whose bottom forms
a stop, for limiting the downward motion of the valve spindle.
To open the valve rotate the handle or thumb part d³, from left to right, when the
screwed spindle c¹ is lowered differentially, within the screwed interior d² of the
screwed stom d. The screwed stem also falls within the internally screwed solid
gland as, and with the valve and parts in position as represented in figure 2.
To close the valve, re-rotate the handle in the reverse direction, when the stem as
aforesaid, rises within the screwed gland, and by the stem's rotation, the spindle c* is
made to rise at a greater rate, than that of the stem wherein it works, thus raising
vertically the valve stem, and so bringing the valve face, up to the valve seat, as
represented in the vertical section figure 1.
The accelerated movement of the valve spindle, with respect to the stem, is shown

page_text: to be dependent upon the differences in the coarseness of the screw threads; and I wish
it to be observed, that the same action may be obtained, either by changing the pitch
of the threads, both of the stem and the valve spindle, or by making the said threads
of both stem and valve spindle of the same pitch; that is to say, the stem and valve
spindle may be made right handed or left handed at pleasure, in order to acquire the
same differential result as herein before described.
Figure 11 represents a tap or valve, provided with a conical valve, and valve seat.
Figure 12 represents my invention applied to a valve, instead of to a tap, the valve and
valve seat of which, are represented as coned.
Figure 13 represents a modification of my invention, in which a gland is employed,
and the screwed stem replaced by a plain one, which only rotates without rising and
falling.
The whole of the parts of the said modified tap, are the same as already described,
other than with respect to plain spindle d, boss d4 at its lower end, cap aº, and
washer a².
The rotation of the stem d, raises and lowers the valve stem, and so opens and closes
the tap.
Figure 3 represents a cross section on the dotted lines A B figure 1, of the inlet
passage, next to the valve seat.
The said passage, which is marked t, is narrower at top, than at bottom, and
equalises the water-pressure, on'the closing of the valve, thereby preventing rebound
or concussion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The means therein described and illustrated, of raising and lowering valves
to and from their seats by parts consisting of a valve and double stalk c, c³, c, handle
or turn stem d d d³, internally screwed gland or upper part of the body of the tap,
and secured guide washer e, and which said parts are constructed, arranged, and
work in the ways, substantially as and for the purpose, herein set forth in
figures 1, 2, 4, 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. Raising and lowering the valves, from and to their valve seats, as
herein described, and illustrated in the several figures of the drawings other than
figure 13 by arranging relatively the pitches, and size of the screw threads,
substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly. The combination with an internally and externally screwed handle
part d d² d³ of a valve c with a double stalk c³ c*.
Fourthly. Raising and lowering vertically without rotation a valve, by its screwed
upper end taking into an internally screwed handle part, while its lower end, works
within a secured guide washer e, as described and set forth.
Fifthly. Opening and closing taps and cocks, by means of a valve, working on the
inlet side of the valve seat, in combination with the valve raising and lowering
mechanism as herein described and set forth.
Sixthly. The modification herein described and illustrated in figure 13, in which
the handle or stem part d rotates without rising and falling, and with the other parts
of the tap, constructed arranged and working, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Seventhly. Preventing rebound or concussion of water-pressure, by making the
inlet passage t, of the cross section 3^, substantially as described and set forth.