IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVEABLE SPANNERS AD SARD WAR
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Palmer, of Harborne, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, and John Palmer, the younger, of Harborne,
aforesaid, Manufacturer, and Thomas Palmer, of Harborne, aforesaid,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVEABLE SPANNERS
AD SARD WAR"
Sealed the 11th January 1868, and dated the 18th July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Palmer, John Palmer,
the younger, and Thomas Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th July 1867.
We, JOHN PALMER, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
and JOHN PALMER, the younger, of Harborne, aforesaid, Manufacturer, and
THOMAS PALMER, of Harborne, aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVEABLE SPANNERS OR
SCREW WRENCHES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
actuating the moveable jaws of moveable spanners or screw wrenches of the
kind called Clyburn's spanners or screw wrenches, that is, spanners or screw
wrenches in which the moveable jaw works across the body in a line at right
angles or nearly at right angles to the handle of the spanner or screw wrench.

page_text: In actuating the moveable jaws of the said spanners or screw wrenches
according to the ordinary method the bar of the moveable jaw works in a
recess made in the body of the spanner, the back of the bar being made into
a rack, with which rack a worm situated in a hole or recess in the body of
the spanner engages. By turning this worm in one or other direction the
moveable jaw is made to advance towards or recede from the fixed jaw on the
body.
In actuating the moveable jaws of the said spanners or screw wrenches
according to our Invention we construct and arrange the parts in the following
manner: The bar of the moveable jaw works in a recess made across the
In the end of the said bar of the said
body of the spanner in the usual way.
moveable jaw we make a screw box, in which screw box one end of a screw
works, the other end of the said screw turning in the body of the spanner
immediately under the fixed jaw. A milled collar is fixed by a cross pin or
otherwise to the screw; by means of this milled collar the screw may be
rotated in one or other direction. A hole or recess is made through the body
of the spanner from side to side, in which hole or recess the milled collar
described is placed and works, the said milled collar being flush or nearly
flush with the faces of the said body. Instead of placing the milled collar for
turning the screw in a hole or recess in the body one end of the said screw
may project from the edge of the body, and have a milled head thereon for
rotating the screw. By turning the milled collar or head in one or other
direction the screw box of the moveable jaw is moved upon the screw in one
or other direction, and the moveable jaw advanced towards or withdrawn from
the fixed jaw on the body of the spanner, and the distance between the two
jaws thus adjusted. Instead of making the screw by which the moveable jaw
is actuated capable of rotating so as to work in and give motion to the
moveable jaw, the said screw may be fixed at both ends to the moveable jaw,
and a milled screw box working in a recess in the body of the spanner be
made by rotating the said screw box to give a sliding motion to the said
screw and moveable jaw to which it is fixed, and thereby adjust the distance
between the said moveable jaw and the fixed jaw on the body. By con-
structing the parts of moveable spanners or screw wrenches by which the
moveable jaws are actuated according to our Invention the said parts are
made much simpler, work smoother, and are less liable to get out of order
than the parts of spanners or screw wrenches as ordinarily constructed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Palmer, John Palmer, the younger, and Thomas
Palmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
PALMER, of Harborne, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, and JOHN
PALMER, the younger, of Harborne aforesaid, Manufacturer, and THOMAS
PALMER, of Harborne, aforesaid, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Palmer, John Palmer, and Thomas Palmer, Her special
licence that we, the said John Palmer, John Palmer, and Thomas Palmer,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Palmer, John Palmer, and Thomas Palmer, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOVEABLE SPANNERS OB SCREW WRENCHES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Palmer, John Palmer,
and Thomas Palmer, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Palmer, on behalf of myself
and the said John Palmer and John Palmer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
actuating and adjusting the moveable jaws of moveable spanners or screw
wrenches of the kind called Clyburn's spanners or screw wrenches, that is,
spanners or screw wrenches in which the moveable jaw usually works across

page_text: the body in a line at right angles or nearly at right angles to the handle of the
spanner or screw wrench.
In actuating the moveable jaws of the said spanners or screw wrenches
according to the ordinary method the bar of the moveable jaw works in a
recess made in the body of the spanner, the back of the bar being made into a
rack, with which rack a worm situated in a hole or recess in the body of the
spanner engages. By turning this worm in one or other direction the
moveable jaw is made to advance towards or recede from the fixed jaw on
the body.
In actuating the moveable jaws of the said spanners or screw wrenches
according to our Invention we construct and arrange the parts in the
following manner: The bar of the moveable jaw works in a recess made
across the body of the spanner in the usual way. In the end of the said bar
of the said moveable jaw we make a screw box, in which screw box one end
of a screw works, the other end of the said screw turning in the body of the
spanner immediately under the fixed jaw. A milled collar is fixed by a cross
pin or, otherwise to the screw; by means of this milled collar the screw may
be rotated in one or other direction. A hole or recess is made through the
body of the spanner from side to side, in which hole or recess the milled collar
described is placed and works, the said milled collar being flush or nearly
flush with the faces of the said body. Instead of placing the milled collar for
turning the screw in a hole or recess in the body one end of the said screw
may project from the edge of the body and have a milled head thereon for
rotating the screw. By turning the milled collar or head in one or other
direction the screw box of the moveable jaw is moved upon the screw in one
or other direction and the moveable jaw advanced towards or withdrawn from
the fixed jaw on the body of the spanner, and the distance between the two
jaws thus adjusted. Instead of making the screw by which the moveable jaw
is actuated capable of rotating so as to work in and give motion to the
moveable jaw the said screw may be fixed at both ends to the moveable jaw,
and a milled screw box working in a recess in the body of the spanner be
made by rotating the said screw box to give a sliding motion to the said screw
and moveable jaw to which it is fixed, and thereby to adjust the distance
between the said moveable jaw and the fixed jaw on the body.
Having explained the nature of our Invention we will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation a portion of a moveable spanner or
screw wrench constructed according to one of our improvements; Figure 2 is

page_text: a vertical section of the same, and Figure 3 is an end elevation of the same.
a is the body of the spanner carrying the fixed jaw b, and c is the handle of
the spanner, the said parts a, b, and c being made in one piece; d is the
moveable jaw carried by the sliding bar e, the said bar e working in a recess f
made in the body a of the spanner. The shape of the said bare and the
recess f in which it works is best seen in Figure 3. In the said bar e is a
screw box g in which a rotating screw h works, the said screw being prevented
from sliding longitudinally by its contracted end being engaged with the
wedge-shaped collar or piece i in the end of the body a, as seen in Figure 2:
On the end of the said screw ha milled collar k is fixed by the end of the
cross screw or pin 7 engaging with the said screw. The said milled collar kis
placed and works in a hole or recess m made from side to side in the body a
of the spanner, the said collar being below or nearly flush with the faces of the
said body. By turning the milled collar k in one or other direction the screw h
is rotated and the screw box g of the moveable jaw d is made to traverse the
said screw in one or other direction so as thereby to advance the said move-
able jaw towards or withdraw it from the fixed jaw 6 on the body of the
spanner. The distance between the two jaws b and d is thus adjusted.
Instead of rotating the screw h by a milled collar placed in the body of the
spanner as last described the said screw may project from the edge of the body
and have a milled head fixed thereon for rotating it. This arrangement of our
Invention is represented in Figures 4 and 5, Figure 4 representing a side eleva-
tion of a complete spanner, and Figure 5 a vertical section of the same. In
the said Figures 4 and 5 the body is marked a, the fixed jaw b, the handle c, the
moveable jaw d, the sliding bar e, the screw box therein g, the recess for the
jaw d to slide in is marked f, and the screw h. The milled head outside the
body for rotating the said screw his marked k; the sliding motion of the
screw his prevented in this arrangement by means of the forked plate or
bar n passed through the body a from side to side and made to embrace the
plain end of the screw. The action of the spanner, Figures 4 and 5, is the
same as that described and represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 6 represents in side elevation (partly in section), and Figure 7 in
edge view another spanner or screw wrench containing our improvements.
The moveable jaw d of this spanner is actuated and adjusted precisely in the
manner described with respect to the moveable jaw of the spanner Figures 4:
and 5, but the parts are somewhat differently arranged. In the spanner,
Figures 4 and 5, the moveable jaw d is situated at the bottom of the body
and near the milled bead k of the screw h; but in the spanner, Figures 6 and 7,
the moveable jaw d is situated at the top of the body. The body a in this:

page_text: arrangement is centred at a¹ to the handle c so as to be capable of being
placed at any required angle with respect to the said handle. The fixing of
the position of the said body is effected by the sliding palls c on the handle
engaging with ratchet teeth a³ on the body a. The ratchet arrangement
represented constitutes no part of our Invention. In Figures 6 and 7 the
sliding motion of the screw is prevented by means of the fixed plate h
engaging between the collars h³ on the said screw h. In other respects the
spanner, Figures 6 and 7, is similar to that represented in Figures 4 and 5,
and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of reference.
Figure 8 represents in side elevation, partly in section, another arrangement
of our Invention. In this arrangement the screw h is fixed at its ends h*, h',
to the bare of the moveable jaw d, a milled screw box k working upon the
said screw h. The screw box k turns in a recess in the body a of the spanner
in the manner represented with respect to the fixed collar k of Figure 1.
In the bare of the moveable jaw a longitudinal opening is made for the
purpose of permitting the said bar to slide over or upon the screw box k.
By turning the milled screw box k in one or other direction a sliding motion.
in one or other direction is given to the screw h, bar e, and moveable jaw d,
and the distance between the said moveable jaw d and the fixed jaw b thereby
adjusted. The parts of Figure 8 which we have not described are marked
with the same letters of reference as corresponding parts in Figures 6 and 7.
By constructing and arranging the parts of moveable spanners or screw
wrenches by which the moveable jaws are actuated and adjusted according to
our Invention the said parts are made much simpler, work smoother, and are
less liable to get out of order than the parts of spanners or screw wrenches as
ordinarily constructed.'
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood
that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
our Invention; but we claim as our Invention of improvements in those
kinds of moveable spanners or screw wrenches called Clyburn's spanners or
screw wrenches,-
Firstly, constructing and arranging or combining the parts for actuating and
adjusting the moveable jaws of the said spanners or screw wrenches, sub-
stantially in the several ways herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, constructing and arranging or combining the parts for actuating
and adjusting the moveable jaws of the said spanners or screw wrenches,

page_text: substantially in the way herein-before described and illustrated in Figure 8 of
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Palmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
THOMAS PALMER. (L.B.)
"