IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MODES OF THE PRODUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILED MOSAIC, MOSAIC TEXTILE, AND TESSELATED FABRICS, IN THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS USED, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS USED FOR THE SAID PURPOSE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pidding at
the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th January 1860.
Square, in the County of
nature of the said Inven-
I, WILLIAM PIDDING, of 20, Walcot
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR MODES OF THE PRODUCTION OR
MANUFACTURE OF CUT PILED MOSAIC, MOSAIC TEXTILE, AND TESSELATED FABRICS,
IN THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS USED, AND IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS USED
FOR THE SAID PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a method or methods of treating textile and
other appropriato fabrics as her in-after described so as to render them
capable of forming the base or foundation for ornamental surfaces, as
also in the treatment and preparation of the material or materials I use
and apply for such surface figuring or ornamenting.
The textile or other fabric to be used as herein-before described I
saturate with starchy, glutinous, or other stiffening matter; I then place
it on a suitable frame, table, or other appliance, and peirce or perforate
it, such perforations being close together and equidistant.

page_text: The perforating apparatus I use consists of numerous sharp pointed
wires fixed permanently and nearly close together in flat boards or other
suitable material. These wires are to be taper in form and thicker at
their base, so that when they are inserted into the fabrio prepared as
herein before described the fabrics may be distended as much as possible,
The piercing or puncturing apparatus is to remain in the fabric until the
same is dry, and then to be extracted. To facilitate such operation I
prefer that the wires of the perforating apparatus shall be greased. In
lieu of the piercing or perforating apparatus just described, and for the
treatment of some material which I shall use as the base or foundation
for my ornamentally surfaced manufacture, I shall use rollers or
cylinders; if the same are used in a frame the roller or cylinder giving
the pressure must have the piercing wires for puncturing the fabrio
placed in its surface; the under roller must form the yielding bed by
means of the material of which it is to be made. I may use a roller or
cylinder in connection with a bed suitably fixed or otherwise, that is to
Bay, the roller may be fixed and the table or bed travelling, or the table
or bed fixed and the roller travelling. I apply in some cases heat to the
cylinder or roller, and the bed or table used must have an clastic or
yielding surface,
The perforated fabrics or material may have a design printed or painted
on it. I place the same over some flat surface, say, plate glass or any
other suitable material, in a distended state an equal and required
distance apart, as in relation to their surfaces, so as to allow the studs
herein-after desoribed to project an equal and regular length from the
perforated textile fabric. I distend and compress by suitable means
Berlin wool, worsted, or any other appropriate or suitable material; I
sometimes saturate the same with a glutinous or stiffening material;
when dry cut the same into equal lengths, which I here call studs (any
appropriate name for the same may be used). The pierced or perforated
fabric being prepared when necessary as herein-before described I
proceed to place the studs into the perforated holes of the said fabric,
matching in color or shade of color the stud and the design printed or
painted on the perforated fabric, The studs are to rest on one end on
the flat surface used, and placed under the perforated fabric; the whole
is then to be lowered into a hot bath or tank for the purpose of removing
the glutinous saturating materials used, when the perforations in the
fabies used as foundation will contract, and the textile studs will expand

page_text: and thus become tightly fixed and retained in the said perforations of
the fabrio.
Instead of the textile studs described I form others of various colored
glass, glazed and colored metals, and stained wood or other suitable
materials. I also use seeds as studs for the purpose of my manufacture,
first depriving them of their fructifying properties. I stain, color, or
paint them to render them suitable for the purposes required. In licu
of a flat surface to bo placed under the perforated fabric or other suitablo
material used, as before described, I place a mould of any flower,
insect, or other object or form of anything I desire to represent, and on
which moulds the studs are to rest, so that the piled or other fabrics
(after undergoing the process herein-before described when a stiffened
perforated fabric shall have been used) shall appear in relief. In some
cases I cause the retention of the studs in the perforations of the fabric
used as a foundation by the application of a suitable cement.
To economise the manufacture herein-before described I place
numerous pieces of the perforated prepared fabric of any required length
equidistant apart from cach other, the perforations being exactly over
each other. I connect numerous studs together at their ends by a
suitable cement, taking care that such studs so joined aro of the same
shade or color. I then place into the perforations of the said lengths or
picces of prepared fabrics the said joined lengths of studs, matching color
and shade of some with color and shade of the design printed or painted
on the prepared and perforated fabric. The lengths of joined studs are
to pass through the perforations of the whole of the pieces of prepared
fabric, and rest on the flat surface placed under them, and used as
herein-before described. The whole of the perforations in the fabric, or
various pieces of fabric, being filled with studs the operation of immer-
sion in a hot bath for the removal of the stiffening material is to bo
applied. The ends of the studs cemented together by this process will
become disconnected, and cach length or piece of fabric used as a
foundation will have an ornamental fac simile pattern or design upon
its surface. To ensure the studs being in a straight line while being
cemented together at their ends I place them in groove or suitable
contrivance; when dry they will be perfectly stiff and straight and fit
for use, In some cases use the distended and compressed materials
saturated with the stiffening material as before described, and berein-
before called studs, in long lengths, so that they may pass through the

page_text: whole of the perforations of a scries of prepared fabric foundations, as
described herein-before, where the studs are cemented at their ends together
to effect the same object. The process in each case being similar, instead
of the ends of the studs becoming disconnected by the immersion, I cut
the studs, or the material forming the length of same, between each layer
of the fabric, forming the foundation at such distances between each
layer or length of the fabric forming the foundation as may be required
or deemed desirable. It may be necessary for some purposes to place
the studs (of whatever material composed) through several layers of
thicknesses laid in close contact of the fabrics or materials I use as the
base or foundation of my piled mosaic or ornamented manufacture.
In describing the fabric I purpose using as a base or foundation for
my ornamental and figured productions I would have it understood I do
not confine myself to woven and spun fabrics; I use any material,
whether of fibrous, pulpous, or mixed material or compound which may
be most suitable for the purpose and use of the article I produce.
In the various plans and processes I have herein described for the
carrying out of my improvements I do not confine myself to them in
detail; any arrangement arising out of the plans set out I may avail
myself of.
Full descriptions and Drawings describing my Invention in all its
details will be lodged with my complete Specification.