IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PLAITED PAPER CUPS, HOLDERS, OR CASES FOR HOLDING CONFECTIONERY, AND ALSO OTHER PLAITED, GOFFERED, PUCKERED, OR FOLDED ARTICLES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Sheppard Bigg and William Frederick
Hunt, of the Firm of Hunt and Company, of Hills Place, Oxford
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturing Stationers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING PLAITED PAPER CUPS, HOLDERS, OR CASES FOR HOLDING
CONFECTIONERY, AND ALSO OTHER PLAITED, GOFFERED, PUCKERED, OR FOLDED
ARTICLES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES.”
Scaled the 14th March 1873, and dated the 20th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Sheppard Bigg
and William Frederick Hunt at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th September 1872.
We, EDWARD SHEPPARD BIGG and WILLIAM FREDERICK HUNT, of
the Firm of Hunt and Company, of Hills Place, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturing Stationers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PLAITED PAPER CUPS, HOLDERS, OR CASES FOR

page_text: HOLDING CONFECTIONERY, AND ALSO OTHER PLAITED, GOFFERED, PUCKERED, OR
FOLDED ARTICLES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The main object of this Invention is to manufacture plaited paper
cups, holders, cases, or similar articles suitable for holding ices, soufflés,
ramequins, jellies, cheese, fruit, and other table articles or refreshments. I
The method of manufacture and apparatus are also applicable for pro-
ducing plaited, goffered, or like covers of paper or other material for
boxes, for bon-bons, or crystallized fruit; also for producing plaited
articles made of textile fabrics, and for producing plaited, goffered,
puckered, or folded articles of various materials for various purposes.
In carrying our Invention into effect, we take a sheet of the paper or
material to be used and cut it into blanks or pieces of the required
shape. We then place each blank on a bed support or rest pivoted on
an arm or carrier. Opposite the support is a hollow slotted drum of
cylindrical, conical, or other required shape. The slots which correspond
in number with the plaits, pleats, or folds to be formed in the blank are
in the periphery of the drum.
Rotary motion is communicated to the drum by any suitable means.
The edge of the drum is in contact with the blank on the rest or support,
and as the drum revolves it moves the blank by frictional contact. The
blank is maintained in proper position on the pivoted rest by any con-
venient contrivance.
I
An adjustable blade, arm, or narrow plate baving a reciprocating,
vibrating, to-and-fro, or oscillating motion is jointed to the framework,
and so disposed that as the drum revolves this blade comes in contact
with the blank and pushes or presses it at the required parts into the
slots in the periphery of the drum so as to form and regulate the depth
of the plaits, flutes, pleats, goffers, puckers, or folds in the material or
article.
After each plait, pucker, flute, fold, or goffer is made au appliance
comes into action and holds the cup in place, and prevents the plait,
goffer, fluting, or fold as formed from becoming misshapen or undone,
while the next succeeding plait, goffer, fluting, or fold is made. This
appliance may for instance be constructed in the form of two connected
jaws, that is to say, of two arms or fingers jointed at one end and free at
the other. One arm is outside the drum, and the other is inside it.

page_text: The outer arm or finger is preferably a tongue made of flexible or
springy substance, and the inner arm or finger is provided with a friction
roller. A number of such arms or fingers may be used.
We transfer the cup or plaited article to an apparatus somewhat
resembling a lathe. At the end of the moveable centre or shaft thercof,
namely the shaft which has a to-and-fro or reciprocating motion, we
place a hollow mould of required form to cover or surround the cup or
article. This mould is on a pivot or axis so as to be capable of revolving
by frictional contact, the cup to be acted on is placed on a core, mould, or
mandril on the other or revolving centre or shaft of the apparatus, that
is to say, the one which has no reciprocating motion. There are annular
grooves or identations on the core, inner mould, or mandril. Suitablo
blades or tools are provided to mark or indent and turn or fold over the
edge of the cup, and their pressure is regulated by a screw and hand
wheel, or by other means.
We sometimes place the plaited, fluted, or goffered cup or article in a
mould provided with a plunger which retains it while a blunt instrument
forms annular depressions round it near the edge. The edge is then
turned over, and the cup or article is pressed between flattening, com-
pressing, or finishing rollers.
The hollow drum may be on a wheel or revolving disc formed with
corrugations, undulations or studs, or projections which as the wheel
revolves impinge against and move the blade at suitable intervals, and
cause it to enter the slots in the drum.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Sheppard Bigg and William Frederick
Hunt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th March 1878.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
SHEPPARD BIGG, and WILLIAM FREDERICK HUNT, of the Firm of Hunt
and Company, of Hills Place, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturing Stationers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the -year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Edward Sheppard Bigg and William
Frederick Hunt, Her special license that we, the said Edward Sheppard
Bigg and William Frederick Hunt, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Sheppard Bigg and
William Frederick Hunt, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make; use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING PLAITED PAPER CUPS, HOLDERS, OR CASES FOR HOLDING
CONFECTIONERY, AND ALSO OTHER PLAITED, GOFFERED, PUCKERED, OR FOLDED
ARTICLES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Edward Sheppard Bigg and William Frederick Hunt, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and scal of one of us or them
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Sheppard Bigg and
William Frederick Hunt, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:—
The main object of this Invention is to manufacture plaited paper
cups, holders, cases, or similar articles suitable for holding ices, soufflés,
ramequins, custards, jellies, cheese, fruit, and other table articles or
refreshments. The method of manufacture and apparatus are also
applicable for producing plaited, goffered, or like covers of paper or
other material, for boxes for bon-bons or crystallized fruit, also for pro-
ducing articles made of textile fabrics, and for producing plaited,
goffered, puckered, or folded articles of various materials for various
purposes.

page_text: In carrying our Invention into effect we take a sheet of the paper or
material to be used, and cut it into blanks or pieces of the required
shape. We then place each blank on a bed, support, or rest pivoted on
an arm, frame, or carrier. Opposite the support is a hollow slotted
drum of cylindrical, conical, or other convenient shape. The slots
(which may when required correspond in number with the plaits,
gawffers, or folds to be formed in the blank) are made in the periphery
of this drum.
Rotary motion is communicated to the drum by any suitable means.
The end of the drum is in contact with the blank on the rest or support,
so that as the drum revolves it moves the blank by frictional contact.
The blank is maintained in proper position on the pivoted rest by any
convenient contrivance.
An adjustable blade, arm, or narrow plate haying a reciprocating,
› vibrating, or to-and-fro motion is jointed to the framework, and is so
disposed that as the drum revolves this blade comes in contact with the
paper blank, and pushes or presses it at the required parts into the
slots in the periphery of the drum, so as to form and regulate the depth
of the plaits, flutes, goffers, crimpings, puckers, or folds in the material
or article.
After each plait, pucker, flute, crimping, fold, or goffer is mado an
appliance comes into action and holds the cup or article or material in
place, and prevents the plait, goffer, fluting, or fold as formed from
becoming misshapen or unfolded while the next succeeding plait, goffer,
fluting, or fold is being made. This appliance may, for instance, be
constructed in the form of two connected jaws, that is to say, of two
arms or fingers jointed at one end, and free at the other. One arm is
outside the drum, and the other is inside it. The outer arm or finger is
preferably a tongue made of flexible or springy substance, and the inner
arm or finger may be provided with a friction roller. A number of such
arms or fingers may be used.
We transfer the cụp or plaited article to an apparatus somewhat re-
sembling a lathe. At the end of the one moveable centre or shaft thereof,
namely the shaft which has a to-and-fro or reciprocating motion, we
place a hollow mould of required form to cover or surround the cup or
article. This mould is on a pivot or axis, so as to be capable of revolving

page_text: by frictional contact. The cup to be acted on is placed on a core, mould,
or mandril on the other or revolving centre or shaft of the apparatus,
that is to say, the one which has no reciprocating motion. There are
annular grooves or indentations on the core, inner mould, or mandril.
Suitable blades or tools are provided to mark or indent and turn or fold
over the edge of the cup, and their pressure is regulated by a screw and
hand wheel, or by other means.
We sometimes place the plaited, fluted, fluted or goffered cup or article
in a mould provided with a plunger, which retains it while a blunt instru-
ment forms annular depressions round it near the edge. The edge is then
turned over, and the cup or article is passed between flattening, com-
pressing, or finishing rollers.
The hollow slotted drum herein-before mentioned may be on a
wheel or revolving disc formed with corrugations, undulations, or studs
or projections, which as the wheel revolves impinge against and move
the blade at suitable intervals, and cause it to enter the slots in the
drum.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify the manner in which the
Invention may be carried into practical effect.
Figure 1 is an elevation of a machine constructed according to our
Invention for forming plaits, goffers, crimpings, puckers, or folds. The
machine is shewn in this Figure in its closed or working position;
Figure 2 is an elevation shewing the machine in its open position, that
is to say, ready for the introduction of a paper blank to be operated upon
in order to be formed into a plaited cup holder or case; Figure 3 is a
transverse section shewing the inner end of the fixed portion A* of the
framework and the parts of the apparatus supported by it; and Figure 4
is a transverse section shewing the inner end of the jointed portion of
the framework A' with the parts supported by it.
A, A*, A², is the framework, it consists of three portions, A the
bed, A* a stationary upright frame fixed to the bed A, and A' a
moveable or jointed frame rocking on an axis or joint a" supported on
the bed A. The jointed frame piece A' is in effect an angle bar jointed
in the bearing a* mounted on the bed A, and worked by a lever
handle Z; b is an axis, which is supported by and passes through the

page_text: c
upright stationary frame piece A*, and carries a hollow slotted conical
drum B closed at one (the narrower) end. This drum is formed with a
number of longitudinal slots on its periphery placed closely together,
and all of one size or gauge. Rotary motion is communicated to the
drum by a wheel C on the axis c, on which is a cam d which actuates a
spring pawl C working a ratchet wheel c' on the axis 6; c'is a spring.
on the upper part or shank of the pawl for bringing it up to the cam
when depressed; c'is a spring which keeps the pawl to its work; in
the teeth of the ratchet wheel.c is a stop spring attached to the framo
picce A*, and acting on the ratchet wheel c³. Of course other ordinary
driving arrangements may be employed. The axis also works an
eccentric ☞, which imparts reciprocating vertical motion to a slide D*,
which works up and down in guide ways d³ in the frame piece A*.
This slide carries a slotted arm D, with which a blade herein-after
referred to engages, and whence it receives up-and-down or rocking
motion. X is a boss or hand wheel on the axis b, which is used to work
the drum B at the latter part of the operations, as afterwards explained.
The ratchet wheel c³ has as many teeth as there are slots in the drum B,
so that the drum is moved one slot for each tooth moved by the pawl C³;
g is an adjustable slotted plate or arm fitted by a support 9* to the
frame A*, so as to lic or project within the drum. A plan of this arm
detached is shewn in Figure 5; it is stationary while the drum revolves
over it; it is of curved and conical shape to correspond with the internal
contour of the drum, and lies next to the periphery of the drum, but not
quite in contact with it, so that there is a space between its upper
surface and the inner surface of the drum. This plate only extend's
under a portion of the periphery of the drum, and only for a portion of
its length; we call this arm or plate a compresser, as it exerts a com- ·
pressing action.
The frame piece A³, which is an angular bar jointed at a* and rocked
by the lever handle Z, carries a rest or cradle a* on which the paper
blank to be operated is placed. The axis a³ of the lever handle Z is
extended within the bed A and carries a projection a which acts on the
lower limb of the angle frame bar A³ and thus moves it back or opens it.
a is a spring which when the frame piece is in its closed position keeps
it pressed home against the drum B, and it also facilitates the closing
action or approach of the frame piece A². When the frame piece is

page_text: pulled back the lever Z is held by a catch bar a', the spring maintaining
it in such position.
G is a blade or plate jointed to a fork or forked bearing e* which is
maintained in the frame piece A³, but is free to work up and down
therein as herein described. The shank e³ of this fork carries a spring e³ 5
which helps its upstroke after it has been depressed in the motion of the
machine. h is a stud on the blade G which when the machine is to work
engages in the slotted plate D.
k is an adjustable transverse bar of wedge shape, having its upper and
lower edges inclined. It is fixed to the frame piece A³ in such position 1
that one end of the blade G rides over it when actuated as hercin-after
described. is an india-rubber friction wheel or disc working free on an
axis /* fixed to the frame A³. The blank to be operated on rests against
this disc and causes it to turn by its friction.
The slotted plate within the drum is adjustable vertically and 1
laterally, so that it may be placed relatively to the slots of the drum in
such manner as to suit the required size and depths of plait or
depression.
When the apparatus is to be worked the jointed frame piece A³ is
first drawn back by the lever handle Z, and a paper blank is placed on 2
the bed or cradle a against the friction wheel or disc l. The frame
piece A is then closed, that is to say, the wheel / with the paper blank
on it is brought against the end of the drum B. The blade G is caused
to engage with the slotted plate D by the stud h on the blade entering
the slot in the plate. The hand wheel C is then turned, thereby 2
communicating rotary motion to the drum B (which by its frictional
contact with the paper blank transmits rotary motion thereto). The
revolution of the wheel C also by the eccentric d³ communicates up-and-
down reciprocating motion to the slide D*, the slotted arm D and the
blade G engaged therein, so that as the wheel c³ is turned for every tooth 30
the drum B is moved one slot and the blade G rocks or makes onc dip
so as to push the paper into the slots as each presents itself successively
in the rotation of the drum. The blade riding over the bar k is caused
to enter more deeply at one end, the one farthest from the joint. At
each dip of the blade into the slot it pushes or presses the paper therein 35
so as to form a fold, and the fold being as the drum revolves caught

page_text: between the plate 9 and the edge of the slot, that is to say, the under
surface of the interval between every two slots is formed into a plait.
The plait is released as soon as the revolution of the drum clears it from
the pressure of the plate g. The last few plaits are released by turning
the hand wheel or boss X rapidly.
W is a boss fixed to the framework; for carrying an axis for
supporting multiplying gearing if the same should be required:
Figure 6 is an elevation, and Figure 7 plan of a machine which we
employ for obtaining a folded edge when required for cups or articles
formed and plaited on the foregoing apparatus. The plaited cup taken
off from the foregoing apparatus is transferred to the machine shewn in
these Figures. This machine is made somewhat after the fashion of a
lathe, and consists of the combination of mechanical parts herein-after
described mounted on a framework Q; R, S, are two shafts or spindles
mounted on the framework Q. Rotary motion is communicated to the
shaft R by wheels 7, like those of a lathe, though other ordinary
mechanical driving arrangements may be used; S is another spindle
also supported in the framework Q.. The inner ends of the shafts R, S,
are opposite each other. The shaft S is caused to approach towards and
recede from the shaft R by means of a lever handle S*; S' is a boss
screwed on the end of the shaft S, and carrying a pin s³ which supports
a conical mould or matrix S³, which revolves by frictional contact, and
runs free on the pin. This mould corresponds with the shape of the
plaited cup. The shaft R has at its end-a conical mandril or plunger R³
of corresponding shape to hold the cup. There are annular depressions
or indentations on this mandril or plunger into which the paper is
pressed when indented, as herein-after described. is a bevilled wheel
mounted freely in the lever handle pivoted on an universal joint ³, so
the shaft R, and also to have a
in like manner in a lever
This wheel is for forming
as to approach towards and recede from
rocking motion on the pivot or joint 78. This wheel serves for flattening
the plaits; is another bevel wheel fixed
handler, working on an universal joint r³.
an annular depression or indentation on the upper portion of the paper
cup; T, Tx, is a double ring, that is to say, two rings, one sliding and
fitted within the other. These rings are shewn detached in the sectional
view, Figure 8. These rings slide on the enlarged portion of the
shaft R. The inner ring T is bell-mouthed at the front end. The outer

page_text: ring has a flange internally bevilled at the back end; t, 1, are handles
on the bell-mouthed ring T for working it; (*, *, are handles on the
ring T for working it; V, V*, is a double ring, that is to say, two
rings, one sliding and fitting over the other. These rings are shown
detached in Figure 9, sectional view. The outer ring V has an
external bevilled flange v², and this bevel corresponds with the internal
bevel of the ring T*. The ring V* has a stop flange at the back end.
The rings V, V*, are worked by clutch levers v³, v', one lever to each
ring.
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-The lever handle S* is 1
worked so as to draw back the shaft S, or open the apparatus in order
that the plaited paper cup may be placed on the mandril or plunger R³.
The shaft S is then restored to position so as to bring the mould S' over
the cup, but a part of the cup near the wider or open end is left bare
between the edge of the mould and the rings T, T*, so that the 1
flattening and indenting rollers may act thereon. Rotary motion is
communicated to the shaft R. Of course other ordinary means of
communicating rotary motion in substitution of those shown may be
employed.
The flattening roller is brought into action by its lever handle, and a
it flattens the plaits on that portion of the cup which is left bare.
When the flattening roller has performed its work it is moved out of the
way, and the indenting roller is brought into action. It presses the
paper into the foremost indentation of the mandril, and thus forms onc
annular indentation. It is then moved out of the way, and the rotation?
of the shaft is stopped, and the rings T, T*, are caused to advance, and
pressing on the paper cup they turn down the first edge as defined
by the indentation. The rings having performed this duty are moved
clear out of the way on to the dead part of the frame so as to be ready
to act again when required, as presently described. The flattening a
roller is again brought into action, and works against the edge of the
cup. It is then moved out of action, and the indenting roller is again
brought into action, so as to make a second annular indentation at
a little distance from the former one. This indenting roller is then
cleared out of action, and the rings V, V*, are moved by their levers a
into action, being slidden forward together. The edge of the inner
ring V passes under the edge already turned, and then the upper

page_text: Eighth. The employment and application of flattening and indenting
wheels or instruments, substantially as described for the purposes set
forth.
Ninth. The general arrangement and combination of parts con-
stituting the machine or apparatus represented in Figures 6 and 7 of 5
the accompanying Drawings, and herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Sheppard Bigg and
William Frederick Hunt, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
1
Witness to both signatures,
M. HENRY,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
EDWARD S. BIGG. (L.S.)
(L.S.).
· W. F. HUNT.