IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carrington Sellars, of Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carrington Sellars
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th July 1871.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING," to be as
follows:-
-
2. My Invention relates to improvements in the use of sea ware in
the manufacture of metal founders' blacking.
3. Instead of mixing sea ware in the newly cut partially dried or dried
state with charcoal, coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter in
the manner described in the Specification of an Invention for which

page_text: British Letters Patent No. 2609, of the year One thousand eight hundred
and seventy, were granted to me, I proceed as follows:-
4. First. I take sea ware in the decomposed state, that is to say, after
it has been allowed to heat and rot in a heap, and mix it with charcoal,
coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter. This may be done
either with or without the liquor given off during decomposition.
5. Second. I take the gummy or gelatinous liquor given off during
decomposition or washed out of decomposing sea ware, and mix it with
charcoal, coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter, the quantity of
liquor used-must--not be-sufficient to cause the mixed and ground mass
to adhere and form lumps.
--
6. Third. After the gummy or gelatinous liquor has been drained off
from or washed out of decomposed sea ware I char and use it, after
grinding, as metal founders' blacking either by itself or mixed with
charcoal, coke, or other carbonaceous substance, or with gummy or
gelatinous liquor obtained from decomposing sea ware.
7. Fourth. I take sea ware in the newly cut state, mix it with charcoal,
coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter, and after allowing the
sea ware to decompose I grind the mass.
Fifth. I take a weak solution of the gummy or gelatinous liquor
and add it in sufficient quantity to cool down hot charcoal, coke, or other
charred or carbonaceous matter, and afterwards grind the mass.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Carrington Sellars in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fifth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Carrington Sellars, Her special licence that
I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, or such others as I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should in any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
› and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in the use of sea ware in the
manufacture of metal founders' blacking.
Instead of mixing sea ware in the newly cut partially dried or dried
state with charcoal, coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter in
the manner described in the Specification of an Invention for which
British Letters Patent No. 2609, of the year 1870, were granted to me,.
I proceed as follows:-
First. I take sea ware in the decomposed state, that is to say, after it
has been allowed to heat and rot in a heap, and mix it with charcoal,
coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter. This may be done with
or without the liquor given off during decomposition. In practice I
prefer to add a portion of the said liquor. The quantity of decomposed
sea ware to be added to and mixed with the charred or carbonaceous
matter will necessarily vary with the condition and character of the
latter. If the sea ware is to be ground up with the charred or carbon-
aceous matter, from three to four per cent. by weight of the former
added to peat charcoal will be sufficient, but if after thoroughly mixing
with the peat charcoal, the fibrous leaves and stalks are to be sifted
out, then from twenty to forty per cent. may be added.
The mass
must be well mixed. When the said decomposed sea ware is added

page_text: with liquor to charred or carbonaceous matter, say peat charcoal, the
proportions should not be greater in either treatment than those above
given.
"
Second. I take the gummy or gelatinous liquor given off during
decomposition or washed out of decomposing sea ware and mix it with
charcoal, coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter. By "liquor
given off
I mean the liquor which naturally flows away during
decomposition, and by "washed out" I mean liquor obtained by adding
water artificially or allowing rain to fall on the decomposing mass, or by
maceration. The quantity of liquor used must not be sufficient to cause
the mixed and ground mass to adhere and form lumps. In ordinary
working from fifteen to twenty-five per cent. of liquor may be added to
peat charcoal. If the incorporated mass balls in the hand the excess of
moisture must be evaporated, or dry peat charcoal or other charred or
carbonaceous matter added to bring the mass into the required state for
satisfactory use.
Third. After the gummy or gelatinous liquor has been drained off
from or washed out of decomposed sea ware, I char and use it, after
grinding as metal founders' blacking either by itself or mixed with
charcoal, coke, or other charred or carbonaceous substance, or with the
gummy or gelatinous liquor obtained from decomposing sea ware. The
sea ware in the condition mentioned under this part of my Invention
may be charred by destructive distillation in retorts or by slow
combustion and stifling. The proportions of the substances can be
indefinitly varied, but ordinarily the charred mass answers well by
itself.
Fourth. I take sea ware in the newly cut state, mix it with charcoal,
coke, or other charred or carbonaceous matter, and after allowing the
sea ware to decompose I grind the mass, say under edge runners,
or between horizontal mill stones. The sea ware so as to promote
decomposition and cause the liquor to flow away should be in excess.
The fibrous leaves and stalks may be sifted or separated under this head,
and in that case it will be sufficient if the charred or carbonaceous
substance is in a fine state of division to thoroughly incorporate the
whole to the required condition for use.
Fifth. I take a weak solution of the gummy or gelatinous liquor and
add it in sufficient quantity to cool down hot charcoal, coke, or other
charred or carbonaceous matter, and afterwards grind the mass. By a

page_text: weak solution I mean such a solution as appears watery and does not
feel sticky or adhesive between the fingers. Such a solution will
frequently be obtained in working by excessive rain fall on a decom-
posing mass of sea ware.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and par-
ticularized the same in such manner that others will be able to carry
the several parts into effect, I claim, the production and use of metal
founders' blacking from sea ware and its products when such sca
ware and products are treated and employed substantially as hercin
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carrington Sellars, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Fifth day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
true
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS. (L.S.)
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Solicitor of Patents,
Liverpool.