Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SMITH, of Deanston Works, in the Parish of Kilmadock, and County of Perth,
Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirtieth day of April, in the second year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Smith, my exors, adñors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said James Smith, my exors, admors, and
assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said James
Smith, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter in the terms therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of Her United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in
such manner as to me, the said James Smith, my exors, adñiors, and assigns,
or any of them, should in my or their discretion seem meet, my Invention of

page_text: "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING OF
WOOL, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," and that I, the said James
Smith, my exors, admors, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and
enjoy the whole profit, benefit, emoluments, and advantage from time to time
coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for
and during the term of years therein mentioned; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said James Smith, should cause
a particular description, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, it is hereby
declared that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the
following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The said Drawings to which this description refers are contained on three
separate Sheets, the first shewing a longitudinal elevation of the headstock,
with an elevation of the carriage end; the second, a bird's-eye view of the
headstock and parts of the carriage; and the third shewing views of the
various parts which require more specified description. The same figures
refer to the different views of the same parts in the First and Second Sheets of
Drawings, and in the same manner to the different views of the same parts
shewn in the Third Sheet. Those parts which compose the general structure
of the headstock are colored grey, whilst those of the carriage and its attach-
ments are tinted of a blue shade, such parts as are of timber being shaded of
a wood color. No. 1 denotes the general framework of the headstock; 2, the
general framework of the carriage;. 8, the main driving pulley, through which
motion is given to the machine by a belt or strap communicating from the main
gear of the mill; 4, a corresponding loose pulley, upon which the driving belt is
thrown when the machine is to be stopped; 5, the main driving shaft, communi-
cating motion to the fly wheel shaft by the bevil wheels; 6, 7, the fly-wheel
shaft; 8. the fly wheel, from which a strap 9 communicates motion to the
twist shaft 10 by the fast pulley 11, having a corresponding loose pulley 12;
13, a drum upon the fly-wheel shaft, from which motion is communicated to
the driving shaft 14 by a strap passing over the drum and the fast pulley of
'the driving shaft 15; 16, a corresponding loose pulley; 17, a pinion upon the end

page_text: of the driving shaft, which communicates motion through the intermediate
wheels 18 and 19 to the stud wheel 20, on the central shaft 21 of the vibrating
frame 22, and which wheel again communicates motion to the wheel 23, fast
upon the end of the vibrating shaft 24. Upon the opposite end of this shaft is a
pinion 25 called the mangle pinion, and which gears into the mangle wheel 26,
which is of a peculiar form, for the purpose of regulating the outward and
inward movements of the carriage, the peculiar construction and advantages of
which are fully described and claimed in my Specification of a Patent for
Certain Improvements in Machinery used in the Preparing and Spinning of
Cotton, Flax, and other Fibrous Substances, granted to me by His late
Majesty King William the Fourth for that part of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, dated the Twentieth day of
February, Eighteen hundred and thirty-four, my Specification of which was
duly enrolled in the High Court of Chancery the Twentieth day of August,.
Eighteen hundred and thirty-four. 27 is the mangle wheel shaft; 28, the
eccentric wheel fast upon the mangle wheel shaft, and which gears into a cor-
responding eccentric wheel 29, fast upon the stud shaft 30; 31, a large spur
wheel fast upon the eccentric wheel 30, and gearing into the carriage rack 32,
which, being connected to the carriage at the point 33, carries. it with it, and
consequently the movements of the carriage are strictly dependant on the move-
ments communicated through these eccentric wheels. During the outward
movement of the carriage the mangle pinion operates in the internal teeth
springing from the outer circle of the mangle wheel, giving a uniform motion
to the mangle wheel; but when the inangle wheel has moved round, so that the
pinion has reached opposite to the point 34, the motion of the mangle
wheel becomes reversed, and the pinion moving on in the line of teeth,
begins to pass nearer to the centre of the mangle wheel, and passing down the
line of teeth at 35 gradually puts the mangle wheel in motion in the contrary
direction, thereby causing the carriage to move slowly towards the rollers.
This movement is continued until a sufficient quantity of twist has been thrown
into the thread or slobbing, and the gradual inward movement of the carriage
is necessary to shorten the length of the stretch of the slobbing or thread; con-
sequent upon the throwing in of the twist. When the throwing in of the twist
has been completed, the belt is thrown upon the loose pulley 12 of the twist
shaft 10, and at the same time the belt is thrown upon the loose pulley 16
of the driving shaft 14, which again puts the mangle wheel gear in motion;
and the mangle pinion working into the inner range of tecth at a short
radius, the mangle wheel is caused to move rapidly round, which carries
the carriage up towards the beam with an accelerated velocity, which,

page_text: Near
however, gradually diminishes as the carriage approaches the beam until the
mangle pinion has reached the opposite turning point of the wheel, when it
again passes into the inverted teeth, which recommences the outward move-
ment of the carriage. Round the periphery of the mangle wheel are external
teeth which gear into the intermediate stud wheel 36, which again gears into
the pinion 37, fast upon a small cross shaft 38, called the roller shaft.
the opposite end of this shaft there is a disc 39 fast upon the shaft, and fitting
into the bosom of the toothed wheel 40, and there is a ratchet wheel in the
bosom of the wheel 40 into which a series of falling catches which are placed
round the interior of the disc drop, so that when the disc is moved in one
direction it carries the wheel in rotation with it, but when moving in the
opposite direction, the wheel being loose upon the shaft, it remains stationary,
whilst the catches of the, disc slip round upon the ratchet wheel. The
wheel 40 gears into the stud wheel 41, which again gears into the wheel 42
upon the end of the tier of rollers 43, which give out the roving to bo spun.
The stud wheel 41 moves upon a stud affixed in the radial lever 44, whereby
it is permitted to move out and in of gear with the wheel 40, which move-
ments are regulated by the disc lever 45, which lever, resting with its outer
end through a friction pulley on the edge of the wiper disc 46, raises and
depresess the point of the radial lever 44 by the movement of the mangle
wheel shaft, and which points of movement are adjustible by shifting the edge
wiper on the face of the disc 46. Returning to the roller shaft 38, there is a
wheel 47 fast upon it, which gears into the large intermediate wheel 48, and
this intermediate wheel connects the movement to the wheel 49, which is fast
upon a cross shaft 50, which shaft is called the differential shaft. On this
shaft is placed the differential box 51, through which motion is communicated,
by the wheel 52, to the twist shaft 10, through the wheel 53, for the purpose
winding upon the spindles in the form of copes the successive stretches of yarn
on their being spun.
of
The peculiar construction and mode of action of the differential apparatus
shall be hereafter explained on reference to Sheet Number Three of Drawings.
The wheel 53, into which the large wheel of the differential box gears, is fitted
loose upon the twist shaft, and there is cast upon it a ratchet wheel 54, which
lays hold of falling catches 55, which are fast upon the arnis of the break
pulley 56, and which pulley is fast upon the twist shaft 10. When the twist
shaft is put in motion to give twist, the catches are thrown out by the centri-
fugal force until stopped by the inner periphery of the ring of the break
pulley, against which they rest during the motion of the twist shaft, and
therefore in their rotation keep quite clear of the ratchet wheel; but the

page_text: moment the twist shaft is stopped the centrifugal force ceases, and the catches
in the upper division of the break pulley fall into the teeth of the ratchet
wheel, and are ready to act whenever the winding-on motion begins. The
break pulley 56 is chiefly intended for stopping the motion of the twist shaft,
and of course of the spindles, when the due amount of twist has been given,
and the yarn is about to be wound upon the spindles. The break 57 is the
segment of a circle corresponding to the circle and breadth of the break
pulley. This break is moveable upon a stud 58, which is made fast to the
framework. The face of the break is covered with a piece of thick leather,
so as to give a softer and better hold of the break pulley. 59 are two folding
Jinks which are attached to a stud 60, fast to the framework, and at their
lower end are attached to the break by a link pin at 61. 62, a spiral spring
attached to the framework at the one end, and to the break at the other end, and
having a constant tendency to lift the break from the pulley. To the central
joint of the folding links is attached a wire, which, when pulled on end, as
shall be hereafter described, causes the links to extend their extreme points,
and thereby press the break firmly upon the pulley. Returning to the driving
shaft 14, there is a pulley 68 for receiving the driving belt, and fitted
to move loose upon the shaft. On the nave of this pulley there is a
series of small pulleys of different diameters, from which motion is com-
municated by a band to the cross shaft 64 by passing over the large pulley 65,
which has a series of grooves of various diameters, suited to accommodate
inversly to the diameter of the series of pulleys on the nave of the driving
pulley 63, and by this means a considerable difference of speed can at any time
be attained by shifting the band to suitably corresponding grooves on both
pulleys. Towards the outer end of the shaft 64 there is a small pinion 66
made fast, which gears through the intermediate stud wheel 67, which again
gears into the wheel 68, fitted loose upon the driving shaft, but having a
ratchet wheel attached to it, which gears in one direction with a set of catches
attached to the disc 69, which is fast upon the driving shaft. By this train of
pulleys, wheels, and ratchets, a very slow movement is communicated to the
driving shaft when the belt is thrown upon the pulley 68, which slow move-
ment of the mangle wheel is necessary for regulating the back movement of
the carriage when the twist is being thrown into the yarn, and which speed
can be modified to suit any grist of yarn by shifting the band the
upon groove
pulleys 63 and 65. Upon the main driving shaft 5 there is a worm screw 70,
which works into a crown wheel 71. 72, the screw wheel shaft, upon the
lower point of which the wheel 73 is affixed, and which is called the change
wheel, because wheels with various numbers of teeth are provided to b

page_text: placed here for the purpose of varying the movements of the cam shaft, to be
hereafter described, so that the relative proportions of twist due to the grist
and hardness of the yarns being spun may be regulated. This wheel connects,
through the intermediate stud wheel 74, to the wheel 75, on the top of the
cam shaft 76, upon which are placed cams or wipers 77 and 78, the use of
which shall be hereafter described. On the lower part of the cam shaft there
is a fast bevil wheel 79, which works into a corresponding wheel upon a cross
shaft 80, called the stripping shaft. On this shaft there is a radial wiper 81,
which, as the shaft revolves, comes at a particular point of its rotation to press
upon the lever 82, which lever, being suspended by the spiral spring 84, is
retracted to its former position when the wiper 81 has passed over its point of
contact. The point of the lever 82 operates upon the horizontal plane 85,
attached to the carriage, the consequent movements of which shall be
hereafter explained, but which plane is made to extend to a length ex-
ceeding the greatest length that the carriage can require to be moved
backwards during the throwing in of the twist, so that the stripping
lever 82, on being put down, may always come to press on some part of
the plane 83. Before leaving the headstock, I shall refer to some detached
parts not yet noticed. 85 are two stud pulleys, the stud of which is moveable
for adjustment in a vertical slit in a projecting part of the framework. These
pulleys are fitted to move in rotation independent of each other, the driving
band having been wrapped nearly round the grooved pulley 86, fast upon the
twist shaft 10; the one end of the band, in going towards the cylinder
pulley 87, passes over the one of these stud pulleys, and the other end of the
band, passing towards the tightening pulley 88, passes over the other. By this
means the band has a greater hold of the twist-shaft pulley whilst it is thrown
farther out from the end of the headstock to admit of the cylinder pulley 87
passing the end of the twist shaft when the carriage goes home to the rollers,
the tightening pulley 88 moving upon the stud 89, which is moveable in a
vertical slit in a projecting part of the framework, can at any time be adjusted
so as to slacken or tighten the cylinder band 90, the twist-belt lever 91,
connected to an upright spindle affixed in an attachment to the framework
at 92, and having a cross fail 93 to which a wire is attached, and running
along to a horizontal lever at 94, which lever, being operated upon by one of
the wipers of the cam shaft, draws off the belt to the loose pulley on the twist
shaft, whereby it stops. When the carriage has reached its utmost limit, the
tapet 138, which is attached to a bracket projecting from the carriage, coming
in contact with the hanging lever 139, which is attached by a wire to the
obverse end of the belt lever 140, throws the driving belt from the pulley 15

page_text: to the pulley 63, thereby commencing the slow movement of the carriage inward;
and when this slow movement has been sufficiently continued, the wiper 78 of
the cam shaft pressing upon the escape lever 95, permits the belt lever to be
drawn by the force of the weight 96 on to the loose pulley 16, where it
remains during the stripping or backing-off of the coils of yarn from the
spindles, when the cam shaft 76 having moved round so as to bring a second
wiper in contact with the escape lever 95, which being raised permits the
weight 96 to pull the belt on to the fast pulley 15, whereby the mangle-wheel
gear is again, put in motion, and the inward movement of the carriage and
the winding of the yarn upon the spindles take place sinultaneously, the
friction band lever 97, which operates upon the friction band of the differential
box (the connection of which shall be hereafter described) by means of the
weight 98, which is adjustible to any degree of leverage by sliding it along
the stem of the lever 97, and to which it can be made fast at any point by the
hand-finishing screw 99. 100, an adjusting screw box, which serves to regulato
the length of a rod connecting the friction hand lever with the pressure
lever 101. This lever is operated upon by a projecting piece at 102, attached
to the carriage end, as shall be hereafter described. The movement of this
lever tends to relieve the tension of the friction band at the commencement of
the winding on of the yarn. The fulcrum of this lever is adjustible in the vertical
slit of a projecting portion of the framework at 103. 104 and 105, attached
brackets supporting the horizontal lever which are operated upon by the cam
shaft.
Having described the various parts of the headstock, together with their
various modes of action, I shall now describe those parts connected with the
carriage. As before stated, Number Two represents the general framework of
the carriage shewn in the two end portions. 106, the carriage wheels upon
which the general framework rests, these wheels resting upon the race
rods 107. Upon these race rods is cast a line of teeth work 108, into which
small wheels fast upon the arbors of the squaring cylinder work. 109, the
squaring cylinder, which extends from one end of the carriage to the other,
and having arbors to the toothed wheels upon them working into each line of
race road, by which means the parallelism of the carriage in its outward and
inward movements is strictly preserved. The general body of the squaring
cylinder is made of sheet iron, strongly rivetted in the joinings, and which
structure affords great resistance to tension with much comparative lightness.
110, the driving cylinder, from which the bands proceed to drive the
spindle. 87, the driving pulley upon the cylinder arbor, which receives the
band from the twist shaft 10. 111, the upper faller rod with fingers and
guide wire. 112, the under faller with fingers and stripping wire. 113, the

page_text: toothed segment attached to the outer end of the upper faller rod. 114, a
strap attached to the upper faller rod, which passes over a small pulley
at the bottom of the carriage, and is attached to the horizontal spiral spring
115, which has a constant tendency to pull up the faller to its standing
position. 116, a vertical rack gearing into the toothed segment of the
faller, and moveable vertically upon the internal slide 117, attached to the
carriage end. 118, the folding leg for putting down the faller attached to the
vertical rack at one end by a moveable joint, and resting at the other on a
friction pulley, which rests upon the surface of the builder at 119. The peculiar
construction and action of the folding leg will be more clearly understood on a
reference to Figures First and Second, Sheet Third. 1, the upper faller rod;
2, the finger; 3, the toothed segment; 4, the vertical rack; 5, the jointed
attachment of the folding leg. 6, the middle joint of the folding leg. 7, the
friction wheel at the bottom of the folding leg, which rests upon the face of
the builder. 8, the stripping radius attached to the folding leg by a joint at 9.
10, a horizontal bar called the poker, which slides horizontally upon two
brackets attached to the carriage end. 11, a stud bolt attached to the end of
the poker, the end of the stud passing into the opening 12 in the stripping
radius 8. 13, a stud wheel with a pinion attached, the teeth of the stud
wheel gearing into a rack on the lower edge of the poker, whilst the pinion
gears into a rack on the vertical bar 14, which is attached to the carriage end
by two brackets, with permission to move vertically. 15, a transverse bar
forming the horizontal plane, upon which the point of the lever 82 of the
headstock acts. 16, a screw pin adjustible in the end of the poker, and which
strikes against a stop attached to the roller beam when the carriage goes home
to the rollers. When the lever of the headstock presses upon the horizontal
plane 15, the vertical bar 14 is moved downwards, thereby causing the stud pinion
and wheel to revolve so as to bring the horizontal bar or poker forward, whereby
the folding leg is forced into a perpendicular direction, and being forced a
small distance beyond the line of centres, the downward pressure of the vertical
rack 4 has a tendency to lock the folding leg and preserve it in its upright
position. The upper movement of the vertical rack working in the toothed
segment depresses the point of the finger of the upper faller rod to its
'proper position for guiding on the threads when they are being or wound or
regulated of course by the movement of the friction wheel of the folding leg
.on the surface of the builder, but as soon as the carriage has reached near to
the rollers the stop upon the roller beam comes in contact with the adjusting
screw, whereby the poker is forced back in a horizontal direction, thereby
.relieving the lock of the folding leg by forming the central joint beyond the
line of centres, when it immediately permits the vertical rack to fall to its

page_text: lowest position, and thereby bringing the upper faller to its fixed position.
The inner carriage wheel at the headstock end of the carriage is furnished
with teeth which correspond with and gear into the rack of the race road upon
which it rests, whereby its correct movement with that of the carriage is
maintained. Upon the arbor of this wheel there is a small pinion which gears
into a rack affixed to the horizontal builder bar, Number 120, Sheet First,
and which ensures a certain and equable movement of this bar whilst the
carriage moves along. 121, the head of the builder bar, which is cast with the
hollow mortice to receive the builder frame 122, to which the builder or
shaper 123 is attached by a joint pin. The upper surface of the builder upon
which the friction pulley of the folding leg rests is so formed as to give due
movement to the wire at the points of the fingers of the faller, so than an
uniform movement is given, and the successive lairs of thread are wound upon
the copes in due form. In the frame of the shaper there is an oblique bar, as
shewn by the dotted lines at 124, which rests with its lower surface on a stud
passing through the mortice of the head of the builder bar, the outer end of
which stud is seen embracing a screwed arbor at 125. At the one end of
this screwed arbor there is a winch or handle 126, which serves to turn round
the arbor, that the stud which embraces it may be brought to its proper
position for commencing a new doffing or set of copes. At the other end a
ratchet wheel is affixed, and a ratchet or paul 127 being attached to a lever
128, working on a fulcrum affixed to the two sheer studs projecting from the
upper edge of the builder bar, and the opposite end of which lever rests upon
the oblique surface of a bracket piece, which is adjustibly bolted to the car-
riage end. It will be seen that as the builder bar is drawn forward the
opposite end of the ratchet lever is depressed, which causes the paul to rise
and gather a tooth of the ratchet wheel at each movement, thereby gradually
moving the stud which supports the builder frame along a horizontal slit, and
permitting the builder frame to drop in correspondence with the form given
to the lower edge of the oblique bar, thereby determining the build of the
cope. 129, a tongue piece attached to the builder which rests upon the screw
stud during the formation of the bottom of the copes, and which, by elevating
the outer end of the builder, gives a shorter run to the guide wire whilst
building the bottom of the copes; but so soon as the stud has passed the
bottom of the tongue 129, the outer end of the builder is allowed to drop
until it rests upon the upper margin of the builder frame, thereby encreasing
the obliquity of the surface of the builder, whereby an encreased movement of
the faller wire is given, and the range of the taper of the cope is proportionally
extended. 130, ratchet wheels, with various numbers of teeth, are fitted to the

page_text: end of the screwed arbor to accommodate to the various grists of yarn. Two
radial sockets 131 project from the under faller rod 112 near each end, and
in these are fitted a running nut, which can be fitted to any required extent of
leverage by turning round the screw; and at the lower side of cach nut there is
a hook whereby the spiral springs 132 are attached, having their lower ends
attached to the framework of the carriage, and are so adjusted that they tend
to pull round the under faller rod, which raises the faller wire with a due
force of tension. 138, a radial lever extending from the one end of the under
faller rod, and having an adjustable stud 184, to which a rod 135 is affixed,
and which rod terminates at its lower end in a socket with a friction pulley,
which, coming upon the inclined plane at the side of the race road, shoves the
under faller to its resting position when the carriage goes up to the rollers.
The end of the stud 136, projecting beyond the socket of the upright rod, rests
upon a moveable tappit or sector 137, which being turned upon its centre by
the movement of the radial lever 133, attached to the folding leg, when the
poker is moved to put down the upper faller, by this escapement through the
movement of the tappit the spiral springs are permitted to pull up the under
faller wire with considerable force, whereby the coils of yarn which surround
the stems of the spindles during the process of giving the twist are stripped
off or uncoiled, so that the upper or building faller is permitted to press down
the threads to the proper point for recommencing-the-build at each successive
stretch.
Having now specified the construction and the mode of operating of the
various parts of general machine, I shall, before proceeding to describe the
various movements of the machine in their regular succession, advert to those
farther separate parts which are exhibited in Sheet Third of the Drawings.
Figures First and Second have already been described in reference to the
movement of the fallers in shewing the connection of the lever movement of
the headstock with that of the fallers.
Figure-Third-represents an elevation of the-eccentric..toothed wheels which
I employ as a substitute for the fusee pulley, with its hand, commonly used for
giving the varying motion to the carriage. In the slobbing and spinning of
wool with the billy and mule, and the adaptation of which for this purpose I
shall specially claim as being new and of my Invention, it is well known to
wool spinners that the correct adjustment of this varying motion is of the
greatest importance, and the adaptation of toothwork must afford a much
more certain movement than that of an elastic band coiled upon a spiral
pulley. In setting off the pitch lines for these wheels, it is necessary to cal-
culate the respective diameters, in a series corresponding to the various velo-

page_text: cities given, by the uncoiling of the band from the fusee pulley; and it is evident
that by this rule wheels may be formed, the result of whose movements will
correspond to the movements given by spiral fusees of any given divergency.
Number One represents the wheel which is made fast on the outer end of the
mangle wheel shaft, and which is the driver. 2 represents the wheel which
is driven by it, and which is fast upon the outer end of the stud shaft
30, as shewn in Sheets First, Second, and Third. 3, holes through which
bolts pass to make fast the spur wheel 31, shewn in Sheets First and Second,
and which gears into the carriage rack 32, as herein-before described.
Figure Four represents a view of the break and break pulley, with the
apparatus connected therewith. 1, the break pulley fast upon the twist shaft
10, as shewn in Sheets First and Second; 2, the ratchet catches; 3, the ratchet
wheel which is attached to the spur wheel, receiving motion from the differential
box; 4, the break; 5, the spiral spring which withdraws the break; 6, the
jointed links, by the movement of which pressure is given to the break; 7, a
wire which communicates to the lever 8 at the opposite end of the headstock;
9, the cam shaft; 10, the wiper or cam which presses upon the lever 8 at a
certain point of its rotation, and by pulling the wire 7 causes the break to
descend and press upon the pulley, whereby it is held fast, stopping the twist
shaft, and consequently the movement of the spindles; and the wiper 10, by
the continued movement of the cam shaft, relieves the lever 8, and permits the
spiral spring to withdraw the break from the pulley. The same Figures refer
to corresponding parts in the section and interior view, as shown in Figures
Five and Six.
Figure Five represents a central section of the differential box and shaft,
and Figure Six an outline view of the interior of the differential box. 1 is
the shaft; 2, the pinion through which motion is communicated to the shaft.
At the middle of the shaft there is a cross arm 3, into which are affixed two
studs 4, upon which two pinions 5 are fitted to revolve. The teeth of one side
of each of the pinions gear into the external toothed wheel 6, which is
affixed or cast to the side of the spur wheel 7, which wheel connects to a
wheel upon the twist shaft, as herein-before described. On the opposite sides
of those pinions the teeth gear into the internal teeth of the wheel 8, which is
attached to the grooved friction band pulley 9; and it is apparent that tho
spur wheel 7 and the friction pulley 9 are fitted loose upon the shaft, but are
connected with it in rotation by the gearings of the pinions 5 into their
attached wheels respectively. It will appear evident that when the shaft One
is put in motion the cross arm, with the pinions upon it, moving round, will
have a tendency to move the wheels 6 and 8; but if either the one or the

page_text: other of those wheels is held fast, motion will be imparted to the pinious upon
the studs, which will thereby propel the opposite wheel in the same direction
that the cross arm is moving, but at a greater velocity, as, besides the movement
of the centre of the pinions in the rotative direction, there will be superadded
at cach revolution of the pinions a movement equal to the periphery of their
pitch lines; and it will farther be seen that whatever quantity of motion is
permitted to the one wheel will be abstracted from the other. Thus, if a
certain uniform and positive motion is imparted to the central shaft, the whole
motion of the other wheels consequent thereon must be absorbed by the joint
motions of both; and if the motion to be communicated by the wheel 7 to the
twist shaft for the purpose of winding the threads upon the spindles amounts
to more than the quantity of yarn given to wind on will allow, then the extra
motion must be disposed of in the movement of the wheel 6 forming a direct
counterpoise to the movement of the wheel 7 by the tension of the threads; and
whatever force is applied, whether by weight, friction, or otherwise, to retard the
movement of the wheel 6, will be reacted or reflected in direct proportion upon
that which restrains the movement of the wheel 7. It is therefore possible, by
modifying the resistance which is given to the movement of the wheel 6, to
throw any degree of tension on the threads through the wheel 7, which com-
prehends the principle and modification for winding on, as specified under my
former Patent, and which of course I do not claim under this Patent.
Having thus described the various parts of the machine, and having shewn
their respective modes of action and uses, I shall now trace over the various
consecutive movements comprehended in one stretch or movement of the
machine. The carriage being home at the beam to begin with, the first motion
strap being set on, the fly-wheel shaft is put in motion. The belt from the fly
wheel to the twist shaft, being on the fast pulley of that shaft, imparts motion
to it, and the spindles are put in full motion to throw the twist upon the yarn.
At the same time the belt from the drum pulley 13 of the fly-wheel shaft to
the driving shaft 14-being upon the fast pulley 15 of that shaft, the various
gear work is put in motion; first, the train of wheels communicating from
the pinion 17 on the end of the driving shaft to the vibrating shaft, upon the
farther end of which is the mangle pinion, which, working into the internal gear
of the mangle wheel, gives a slow and uniform motion to its shaft; and from
the outward teeth at the periphery of the mangle wheel the same uniform
motion is communicated through the roller shaft to the rollers, which begin to
deliver out the sliver or slobbing, as the case may be, at a uniform rate, whilst
motion is communicated from the mangle wheel shaft to the carriage through
the eccentric wheels, giving at first to the carriage a motion equivalent to the

page_text: out-giving by the rollers of the sliver or slobbing, but gradually encreasing so
as to take up the exclusion of the slobbing, which is caused by the throwing
out of the twist. When a sufficient quantity of slobbing has been given
out, the cam disc upon the outer end of the mangle wheel shaft having been so
adjusted, allows the end of the roller lever to drop towards its centre, thereby
disengaging the intermediate wheel which conveys motion to the rollers,
whereby they are instantly stopped, but the twist continues to be thrown
uniformly in whilst the outward motion of the carriage continues gradually
extending the length of the thread, being formed from the slobbing, and pro-
portionally diminishing its grist, modified by the eccentric wheels from its
highest motion, about equal to the delivery of the rollers, until it gradually
attains a very slow motion. When the carriage approaches its utmost limit
outward, the cam piece 188, attached to the carriage end, comes in contact with
the tail of the hanging lever 139, which, being connected by a wire to a stud in
the adverse end of the driving belt lever 140, shifts the belt from the fast
pulley 15 to the pulley 68, giving the slow motion to the vibrating shaft which,
as the mangle pinion has passed the returning point, moves the mangle wheel
backwards, and of course the carriage, towards the beam, with a very slow
and steady movement, giving in to the tension of the threads as the twist
is thrown in. So soon as the desired amount of twist has been given, the
cam shaft will have arrived at a position to bring the cam 78 in contact with
the escapement lever, attached to bracket 105, and allows the weight 96 to
pull the belt lever one notch, throwing the belt upon the loose pulley 16,
whereby the movements derived from this shaft are allowed to stop. Simulta-
neous with this, one of the wipers of the cam shaft pulls the twist belt lever
so as to disengage the twist shaft; and the lever to which the wire from the
apparatus of the break is attached being laid hold of by one of the wipers of the
cam shaft, the break is pushed forcibly against the rim of the break pulley,
whereby the motion of the spindles is instantly completely stopped. The
motion of the cam shaft will now have brought round the wiper of the stripping
shaft to press upon the stripping lever, the point of which pressing on the cross
head or horizontal plane, performs the operation of stripping the coils of yarn
from the spindles and putting down the upper faller, so that the wire is in
a proper position to guide on the yarn. As soon as this shall have been
performed, one of the wipers of the cam shaft will have arrived at a position
to draw off the last notch of the escapement lever, whereby the driving belt is
thrown upon the fast pulley, and the driving shaft, with its connections, are
again put in motion. The pinion of the mangle wheel, passing along the teeth of
the inner range, produces an accelerated motion, which moves the carriage

page_text: rapidly towards the beam whilst in unison with its motion is communicated,
as herein-before shewn, through the differential box to the twist shaft, and
communicated to the spindles for winding on with a force commensurate to the
tension given to the friction band by the weight or the tension lever, by the
adjustment of which any degree of tension can be given to the threads in
winding on. During the inrun of the carriage the roller wheel is again thrown
into gear, but in consequence of the ratchet wheel in the bosom of the large
wheel on the roller shaft, no motion is given to the rollers whilst the carriage
moves in. When the carriage is about to arrive at its position at the bean,
the tappet lever at the point of the vibrating frame comes in contact with the
cross tail of the twist-belt lever, and throws that belt upon the fast pulley,
whereby the spindles are again put in motion for twisting; and the mangle
pinion having at the same instant arrived at the point where it takes into the
inverted teeth of the mangle wheel, the movement of the mangle wheel is
reversed, which causes the rollers again to commence to deliver slobbing, and
at the same instant the carriage again commences its outward motion, and thus
the machine performs at every successive stretch until a doffing or set of
capes is completed.
Having thus completed my Specification of my said Invention, being
"Certain Improvements in the Machinery for Spinning and Twisting of
Wool, and other Similar Fibrous Substances," I do declare that I do not claim
any of the well-known parts of such machinery, nor do I claim under this
Patent any of those parts or arrangements secured to me by the Patent
herein-before mentioned, or to John Robertson, of Crofthead, in the Parish
of Neilston and County of Renfrew, Cotton Spinner, in virtue of a Patent
granted to him by His late Majesty King William the Fourth, for that
Part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
dated the Twenty-first day of September, Eighteen hundred and thirty-
three, for
"Certain Improvements in the Mule, Jenny, or other Machine for
Spinning of Cotton, and in the Billy Stretching Frame, or other Machine for
Roving of Cotton, and in the Machinery for Spinning and Roving of Silk,
Wool, Flax, Hemp, or other Fibrous Substances," of which Patent so granted
to the said John-Robertson, the Specification was duly enrolled in the High
Court of Chancery the Twelfth day of March, Eighteen hundred and thirty-four.
But I do claim the adaptation of eccentric wheels, whether worked together
by teeth or by chains, or other means, as a substitute for and in lieu of the
fusee or scroll pulley with a band usually employed for regulating the
movements of the carriage in the slobbing and spinning of wool into yarns.
I also claim the adaptation of the horizontal plane for the purpose of

page_text: securing the action of the apparatus for putting down the faller, in whatever
varied position the carriage may be stopped.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Smith, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, at Glasgow, this Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named James Smith, in the
presence of
JAMES (L.S.) SMITH.
JOHN LEADBETTER,
One of the Magistrates of Glasgow,
and Justice of the Peace for the
County of Lanark.
I, Adam Paterson, of the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Solicitor, do hereby
declare, that I was present, together with Hugh Moncrieff, also of the said
City, Solicitor, and did see James Smith, of Deanston Works, in the Parish
of Kilmadock and County of Perth, Cotton Spinner, sign, seal, and as his act
and deed acknowledge and deliver, a certain Deed or Instrument in Writing,
hereunto annexed, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, Eighteen
hundred and thirty-nine years, purporting to be a Specification describing and
ascertaining the nature of his, the said James Smith's, Invention of "Certain
Improvements in the Machinery for Spinning and Twisting of Wool, and other
Similar Fibrous Substances;" and I do further declare that the name "James
Smith," set and described to the said Deed, as the party executing the same,
is of the proper handwriting of the said James Smith; and that the names
"Hugh Moncrieff" and Adam Paterson," set and subscribed to the Attestation
of the said Deed, as witnesses to the signing and sealing thereof, are of the
proper bandswriting of the said Hugh Moncrieff, and of me, this Deponent

page_text: respectively; and I do solemnly and sincerely declare that this Declaration is
made by me under the knowledge and conscientious belief that the same is
true, the said Declaration being emitted in virtue of an Act passed in the fifth
and sixth years of the reign of His Majesty William the Fourth, entituled
"An Act to repeal an Act of the present Session of Parliament, entituled An
Act for the more effectual Abolition of Oaths and Affirmations taken and
made in various Departments of the State, and to substitute Declarations in
lieu thereof, and for the more entire Suppression of voluntary and extra-
judicial Oaths and Affidavits, and to make other Provisions for the Abolition
of unnecessary Oaths."
nine, before me,
JOHN LEADBETTER,
One of the Magistrates of Glasgow,
and Justice of the Peace for the
County of Lanark.
I, Adam Paterson, of the City of Glasgow, in Scotland, Notary Public, duly
admitted, allowed, and sworn, do hereby certify and attest, to all to whom these
Presents may concern, that John Leadbetter, who hath signed and attested
the Solemn Declaration appended hereto, as made and emitted by me before
him, is one of the Magistrates of Glasgow, and one of Her Majesty's Justices
of the Peace for the County of Lanark, in Scotland, and as such is duly and
lawfully entitled to take and administer such Declarations, and that to all acts
and deeds done and executed by him in that capacity full faith and credit is
due and ought to be given; and I further certify, that the name "John
Leadbetter," set and subscribed to the Jurat of the said Solemn Declaration, is
of the proper handwriting of the said John Leadbetter, and was so set and
subscribed by him in my presence on the day, month, and year, and at the
place all therein written.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto-set my hand and affixed my
Notarial Seal, at Glasgow, the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine.
j
Seal.
Scivi,
ADAM PATERSON, N.P.

page_text: JCK WORTH.
I, George Britiffe Skottowe, of No. 10, Whitehall, in the City of West-
minster, Gentleman, maketh oath and saith, that I am acquainted with and
know Mr. John Leadbetter, of Glasgow, and that I know him to be a
Magistrate of Glasgow and a Justice of the Peace, and that I have seen the
signature attached to the Specification of Mr. James Smith, and I verily
believe it to be his signature and handwriting.