Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 31st May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st July, 1887.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, Engineer, of Openshaw, Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the valves for supply,
exhaust and ignition of charges for gas and oil motor engines, whereby I avoid
difficulties arising from the high temperatures and occasional high pressures to which
these valves, as they are usually arranged, are subjected. In order to relieve the
exhaust valve of the principal part of the pressure against which it has to be opened
and also to reduce the heat to which it is exposed by the passage of hot products of
combustion, provide in the side of the cylinder an escape port which becomes
uncovered as the piston approaches the end of its outstroke. By this port a consider-
able portion of the products of combustion escape in the first instance from the cylinder,
thus reducing the pressure and temperature of that part of the residue which has to
escape by the exhaust valve, which may be of the ordinary kind, or may be arranged
in a reciprocating or rotating slide. Such a rotating slide valve, which serves also
for supply and ignition of the cylinder charge, is, according to my invention, arranged
as follows. It may be in the form of a disc or of a cylindrical plug continuously
rotating within a casing kept cool by circulation of water through spaces provided in
the casing. In this disc or plug there is a passage which, as the valve revolves, puts
a port leading into the cylinder in communication with an exhaust passage in the
casing during one part of its revolution, then, during another part of its revolution, it
puts the same cylinder port in communication with a passage by which the charge of
air and gas is admitted to the cylinder; at another part of its revolution a small hole
or groove in it puts the cylinder port in communication with a heated pipe or flame so
as to cause ignition of the charge. When the charge is ignited by electricity, this last.
mentioned arrangement for ignition is dispensed with. When the rotating valve is of

page_text: disc form, its face works over the cylinder port, whilst the exhaust and supply passages
in the casing face its cylindrical periphery, where there is comparatively little pressure,
and consequently little tendency to leakage. When the rotating valve is of cylindrical
form, all the ports and passages of the casing face its periphery, and, by arranging
these so that they do not occupy quite half the circumference of the casing, the other
half can be formed as a separate cap secured by bolts like the cover of a plummer-
block or bearing. When the engine to which the rotating valve is applied is of the
Otto type, having a cycle of 4 strokes, the valve is caused to rotate at half the speed
of the engine shaft. Obviously the valve arrangement described is applicable when
combustible vapour as of oil, petroleum or other hydrocarbon liquids is used instead
of gas.
DL:
Contoh 1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
28, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY of Openshaw, Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the construction and arrangement of the valves for supply,
exhaust and ignition of charges for gas and oil motor engines, whereby I avoid
difficulties arising from the high temperatures and occasional high pressures to which
these valves, as they are usually arranged, are subjected.
In order to relieve the exhaust valve of the principal part of the pressure against
which it has to be opened and also to reduce the heat to which it is exposed by the
passage of hot products of combustion, I provide in the side of the cylinder an escape
port which becomes uncovered as the piston approaches the end of its outstroke. By
this port a considerable portion of the products of combustion escape in the first
instance from the cylinder, thus reducing the pressure and temperature of that part
of the residue which has to escape by the exhaust valve, which may be of the ordinary
kind, or may be arranged in a reciprocating or rotating slide. Such a rotating slide
valve, which serves also for supply and ignition of the cylinder charge, is according to
my invention arranged as follows.
It is in the form of a cylindrical plug continuously rotating within a casing kept
cool by circulation of water through spaces provided in the casing. In this plug there
is a passage which as the valve revolves puts a port leading into the cylinder in
communication with an exhaust passage in the casing during one part of its revolution,
then, during another part of its revolution, it puts the same cylinder port in com-
munication with a passage by which the charge of air and gas is admitted to the
cylinder, at another part of its revolution a small hole or groove in it puts the cylinder
port in communication with a heated pipe or flame so as to cause ignition of the charge.
When the charge is ignited by electricity, this last mentioned arrangement for
ignition is dispensed with. The rotating valve being cylindrical with all the ports
and passages of the casing facing its periphery, these are so arranged that they do not
occupy quite half the circumference of the casing, the other half being formed as a
separate cap, secured by bolts like the cover of a plummer block or bearing. When
the engine to which the rotating valve is applied is of the Otto type, having a cycle
of 4 strokes, the valve is caused to rotate at half the speed of the engine shaft.
Obviously the valve arrangement described is applicable when combustible vapour as
of oil, petroleum or other hydro-carbon liquids is used instead of gas.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing is a front elevation, Fig. 2 is a side elevation,
and Fig. 3 is a plan of an engine arranged according to my invention to work as an
Otto engine with a cycle of four strokes, that is to say, an upstroke of the piston draws
the charge into the cylinder, the down stroke compresses it, during the next upstroke
the ignited charge propels the piston, and during the following down stroke exhaust
is expelled. Fig. 4 is a vertical section, to an enlarged scale, of the cylinder and the
rotating slide valve; Figs. 5 and 6 are side elevations of the valve, and Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10
are sectional plans of the valve at W W, XX, YY, and ZZ, respectively. The
crank shaft S of the engine works by skew gear S₁ a vertical spindle S² at half the
speed of the crank shaft.

page_text: The spindle S2 is in line with and works the cylindrical plug V within a casing,
on one side of which are arranged the following ports, as seen in Fig. 4, namely A
supplying air from an air pipe A¹ ;-G supplying combustible gas or vapour from a
gas valve G¹ regulated by an inertia governor G which is worked by an eccentric S³
on the spindle S2 ;-I an ignition port communicating by a passage I¹ with a tube I'
heated by a Bunsen burner :-E communicating with the cylinder, and E' leading to
the exhaust discharge pipe E².
By pipes W W water is admitted to and emitted from cavities around the cylinder
and valve casing, its circulation through these cavities keeping the ports cool. The
cylindrical plug valve V has in it ports and passages A³ facing the port A, G³ facing G,
Is facing I, E³ facing E, and E facing E', the ports A³, G3, and E communicating by
vertical passages with E³. At the side of the cylinder is a port R which communicates
by a vertical passage R¹ with the exhaust passage E. The cylindrical plug V is held
in the casing by a cap V₁ like that of a bearing which may be fixed by bolts and nuts.
In order to facilitate removal for inspection and cleansing and to give certain elasticity
to provide against undue strains, I prefer to hold the cap V¹ by a latch bar V2 pressed
by an adjustable spring V³. The skew gear S¹ being engaged so as to time the
revolution of the cylindrical plug V to that of the engine shaft, the action of the engine
is as follows. As the piston P ascends, air and then gas or vapour drawn in by the
ports A³ G³ pass by the port E³ and passage E mixed into the cylinder. The ports A³ G³
being now closed by the partial revolution of V, the piston P descends compressing
the charge in the cylinder below it. The port 13 being then brought into com-
munication with E, the charge is ignited and the piston P is propelled upwards. As
it approaches the upper extreme of its stroke it uncovers the lateral port R, allowing
a portion of the expanded products of combustion and gases in the cylinder to escape
and so relieving the pressure in the cylinder and to a certain extent cooling its
contents. The port E³ thereupon opens to E and E to E', so that as the piston P
descends the exhaust gases are expelled.
Obviously a lateral relief port such as R uncovered by the piston at the extreme
of its outstroke, and a rotating valve acting in conjunction there with may be applied
to gas or oil motor engines having cycles of strokes differing from that of the Otto
engine, but in that case the speed of the rotating valve relatively to that of the engine
shaft, and the circumferential extent of its ports relatively to those in the casing would
have to be suited to the particular cycle of strokes adopted in the engine to which
they are applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a gas or oil motor engine, a rotary slide valve and its casing having ports
and passages, governing by the revolution of the valve the admission and ignition of
the charge and the emission of exhaust substantially as herein described.
2. In combination with a rotary slide valve of a gas or oil motor engine, such as is
referred to in the preceding claim, a lateral port of the cylinder uncovered by the
piston at the extreme of its outstroke, substantially as and for the purpose herein set
forth.
3. The construction of a gas or oil motor engine, working according to the Otto
cycle, with a rotary slide valve revolving at half the speed of the crank shaft, and
with a lateral port of the cylinder uncovered by the piston at top stroke, substantially
as described and illustrated by the drawings.