IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Jolinson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY."-A communication from
abroad by Oliver Pearl and Joseph P. Battles, both of Lawrence,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st January 1873.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Oliver Pearl and Joseph P. Battles, both
of Lawrence, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America,
to be as follows:-

page_text: 56
'
'ring spinning," but may be used in whole or in part in other kinds
of spinning frames. The main points of improvement are found in the
step and its cover, the lubricating bolster with its double bearings
and chamber, and in the form and construction of the interior of the
bobbin.
I will first describe the construction of the step or bearing for the
base of the spindle. In the common spindle step the part that supports
the base of the spindle is at the bottom of a cavity containing the oil,
and all the worn off metal, and the dregs of the oil are deposited on
this bearing, thus causing an increase of friction upon the foot of the
spindle. I arrange around and below the level of the bearing in which
the foot of the spindle is to rest and revolve a circular box forming a
cavity to receive the sediment and impurities, the spindle foot bearing being
at the top of a conical or tapering pedestal of brass or other metal screwed
or fixed in the bottom part of the oil reservoir. Above the bearing
and within the circular box there is a brass bushing which covers the
reservoir and aids in the support of the spindle, the hole in the bushing
being a little larger than that part of the spindle embraced by it. The
hollow cone which forms a cover and protection to these parts is lifted
by the nose of the can when oil is to be applied.
The body of the step has the central oil reservoir within which
rises the conical pedestal, having a suitable socket to receive the foot
of the spindle. Just above the pedestal is the brass bearing or bushing,
as this does not extend to the top of the step a circular space is left
around the spindle to receive the oil; from this space or cup the oil passes
through one or more holes in the bushing or bearing, and thence into
the reservoir.
The bottom of the lower part of the spindle revolves in the oil, and
foreign matters which are thrown out fall to the bottom of the reservoir.
The conical cover rests upon the shoulder except when it is raised for
the application of oil.
The bottom of the chamber has no hole through it; the pedestal has
a socket at the top and a screw cut upon the lower part, so that it may
be raised or depressed as required.
I will now describe the construction of the bobbin. The bobbins
commonly in use are made hollow in order to reduce the weight and

page_text: have a bearing upon the spindle at the bottom, and also at the tip of
the spindle. This top bearing makes it necessary that the spindle be
long enough to extend to the top of the bobbin, at which point there
is the greatest vibration as it is farthest from the horizontal rail that
holds the bearings. By my improvements the spindle, when carrying
a six inch bobbin, is reduced in length about three inches, thus
causing a steadier motion, and also facilitating the "doffing" of the
bobbins.
The exterior of the bobbin is nearly cylindrical, the lower part being
tapered to fit the spindle for about one inch of its length; just above
this there is a hollow chamber or space, and above this the wood of the
bobbin again takes a bearing upon the spindle, its upper part being
level with the tip of the spindle at about the middle of the length
of the bobbin. Above this level and extending to the top is a hollow
space. The solid parts detached from each other by the space above
described afford a firm and secure bearing upon the spindle, and the
upper bearing increases the strength of the bobbin near its middle.
For the purpose of further strengthoning the bobbin at the top, if
thought necessary, a bushing may be placed at the extreme end.
The diminished length of the spindle that results from its having a
bearing at or near the middle of the bobbin, reduces its centrifugal
force, and as that part of the bobbin above the spindle is hollow and
light, the combined spindle and bobbin runs without trembling and with
great accuracy. The bobbin when in use is held fast to the spindle by
friction.
The step before described is held by a rail near the level of the bottom
of the spindle. The other bearing or support is formed by a bolster
fixed in an upper rail resting upon a shoulder. The upper part of the
bolster is enlarged and rises a short distance above the rail and forms a
hollow box for the reception of felt or fibrous substance which is to bo
saturated with oil. The brass or bushing occupies the centre of this
space and is in conical form at the top, while the lower part is cylindrical
and is driven firmly into the cylindrical cavity in the bolster. At the
bottom of this cavity and just above the driving wheel there is another
brass or bushing. There are several holes in the brass or bushing which
incline downwards and terminate at the cloth or felting which is
saturated by oil applied at the top of the chamber; it passes through
:

page_text: the holes and lubricates the bearings, thence a part of the oil follows
down the spindle through the chamber and lubricates the lower bearing.
When constructed as herein described both the step and the bolster
1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
36th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special
license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY," a communication to me from
abroad by Oliver Pearl and Joseph P. Battles, both of Lawrence, in the
State of Massachusetts, United States of America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained

page_text: in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The said Invention relates mainly to the construction and operation
of the spindle of spinning machinery and attached parts.
The improvements are especially intended for "ring spinning," but
may be used in whole or in part in other kinds of spinning frames.
The main points of improvement are found in the step and its cover, the
lubricating bolster with its double bearings and chamber, and in the form
and construction of the interior of the bobbin.
I will first describe the construction of the step or bearing for the
base of the spindle as represented in the Drawings making a part of this
Specification.
Figure 1 is a side elevation; Figure 2 a vertical section; and Figures
3 and 4 are details shewing the said improvements. The same letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts in all these Figures.
In the common spindle step the part that supports the base of the
spindle is at the bottom of a cavity containing the oil, and all the
worn off metal and the dregs of the oil are deposited on this bearing,
thus causing an increase of friction upon the foot of the spindle.
I arrange around and below the level of the bearing in which the foot
of the spindle is to rest and revolve a circular box forming a cavity to
receive the sediment and impurities, the spindle foot bearing being at´
the top of a conical or tapering pedestal of brass or other metal screwed
or fixed in the bottom part of the oil reservoir. Above the bearing and
within the circular box there is a brass bushing which covers the reservoir
and aids in the support of the spindle, the hole in the bushing being
a little larger than that part of the spindle embraced by it. The hollow
cone which forms a cover and protection to these parts is lifted by the
nose of the can when oil is to be applied.
The body of the step A has the central oil reservoir 1 within which
rises the conical pedestal B, having a suitable socket to receive the
foot S¹ of the spindle S. Just above the pedestal is the brass bearing
or bushing C; as this does not extend to the top of the part A a
circular space is left around the spindle to receive the oil; from this

page_text: space or cup the oil passes through one or more holes 3 (Figure 2) in
the bushing or bearing and thence into the reservoir 1.
The bottom of the lower part S₁ of the spindle revolves in the oil, and
any foreign matters which are thrown out fall to the bottom of the
reservoir 1. The conical cover D rests upon the shoulder 4, except when
it is raised for the application of oil.
The bottom of the chamber A has no hole through it; the pedestal B
has a socket at the top and a screw cut upon the lower part so it may
be raised or depressed as required.
I will now describe the construction of the bobbin. The bobbins
commonly in use are made hollow, in order to reduce the weight and
have a bearing upon the spindle at the bottom, and also. at the top of
the spindle. This top bearing makes it necessary that the spindle be
long enough to extend to the top of the bobbin, at which point there
is the greatest vibration as it is farthest from the horizontal rail that
holds the bearings. By this improvement the spindle, when carrying
a six inch bobbin, is reduced in length about three inches, thus
causing a steadier motion, and also facilitating the "doffing" of the
bobbins.
In the Drawings the bobbin is represented at E, the exterior being
nearly cylindrical. In the section the lower part K is seen, the bore
being tapered to fit the spindle S for about one inch of its length.
Just above this there is a hollow chamber or space H, and above this
at I the wood of the bobbin again takes a bearing upon the spindle, its
upper part J being level with the tip of the spindle at about the middle
of the length of the bobbin. Above this level and extending to the top
is the hollow space G.
The solid parts K and I detached from each other by the space H,
afford a firm and secure bearing upon the spindle, and the upper bearing
increases the strength of the bobbin near its middle.
For the purpose of further strengthening the bobbin at the top, if
thought necessary, a bushing may be placed at the extreme end, as
represented by the dotted lines at Z.
The diminished length of the spindle that results from its having a
bearing at or near the middle of the bobbin, reduces its centrifugal
force, and as that part of the bobbin above the spindle is hollow and

page_text: light the combined spindle and bobbin runs without trembling and with
great accuracy. The bobbin when in use is held fast to the spindle by
friction.
The step before described is held by the rail L near the level of the
bottom of the spindle. The other bearing or support is formed by the
bolster N which is fixed in the upper rail M, resting upon a shoulder
at V. The upper part of the bolster is enlarged and rises a short
distance above the rail, it forms a hollow box O for the reception of the
felt or fibrous substance Q which is to be saturated with oil. The brass or
bushing R, P, occupies the centre of this space and is of conical form
at the top P, while the lower part R is cylindrical and is driven firmly
into the cylindrical cavity U in the bolster N. At the bottom of this
cavity and just above the driving wheel W there is another brass or
bushing T. There are several holes X, X, in the part R, P, (see Figures
3 and 4), which incline downward and terminate at the cloth or
felting Q; this is saturated with oil applied at the top of the chamber O;
it passes through the holes ✗ and lubricates the bearings R, P; thence a
part of the oil follows down the spindle S through the chamber U and
lubricates the lower bearing T.
When constructed as herein described, both the step and the bolster
can be oiled without stopping the frame.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be
carried outo effect, I would observe in conclusion, that what I con-
sider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The spindle step having a circular cavity for the reception
of oil, open at the top and closed at the bottom, in which is inserted a
pedestal B of less diameter than the cavity, the top of the pedestal
being shaped to receive the bottom of the spindle while the lower part
is fitted with a screw for the purpose of adjusting the spindle to a
definite height, substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The combination with the adjustable pedestal B of tho
auxiliary bearing C, forming a partition in the oil reservoir and pro-
vided with holes to admit oil to the foot of the spindle, as herein-before
described.

page_text: J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)