Improvements in or relating to Machines for Mixing and Kneading.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Machines for Mixing and Kneading.
I, SAMUEL JOHN PEGG, of 23, Kirby Road, Leicester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: —
This invention relates to machines for mixing, and kneading.
A machine constructed in accordance with this invention comprises a stationary
pan (open at its upper end) for containing the materials to be mixed, or the dough
(flour or other) to be kneaded.
The said pan may be provided with trunnions supported in bearings in vertical
pillars rising upwards from a suitable base plate or stand.
Rising centrally upwards from the bottom of and within the said pan is a
tubular sleeve which extends by preference to near the upper edge thereof or
above.
Passing downwards within the said sleeve is a vertical shaft the upper end
of which has the mixing blades attached thereto so that they dip into the pan
and the lower end of said shaft passes through the bottom of the pan and is of
square section to be received into a square hole located centrally in a worm
wheel which rests on balls or otherwise in a cup or socket on the base plate and
is driven by a worm on a shaft operated by a handle or any suitable gearing.
The rotating of the worm wheel, revolves the vertical shaft and the latter
actuates the mixing blades within the pan.
Various modifications in the above construction may be made within the
scope of the invention.
For example, the pan may be arranged to rotate while the mixing blades are
stationary. In this case the square end of the vertical shaft may pass through
into the bed of the machine (or it may be otherwise arranged so as to be non-
rotatable) and a tubular sleeve or boss may project from the bottom of the pan
so as to encircle the said vertical shaft and be connected to the worm wheel, to
make the pan partake of the rotary movement of the latter.
If the pan be arranged to rotate the trunnions thereon instead of being sup-
ported in the fixed pillars herein before referred to would be located in a groove
between two concentric rings supported by the said fixed pillars or otherwise
so as to be free to revolve. Or the said pan might be otherwise arranged so
that it could rotate while the mixing blades were stationary.
Or as a further modification both the pan and the mixing blades therein may
be made to rotate in opposite directions in which case each would be driven by
a separate worm wheel, worm and shaft, the latter being actuated by any suitable
gearing.
By the use of the vertical sleeve within the pan, all possibility of any oil or
grease from the bearings of the shaft getting among the ingredients being treated,
is obviated and as a further provision to obviate foreign matter being introduced
among the ingredients 1 construct the pan and the mixing blades of aluminium

page_text: so as to prevent rust and corrosion of such parts which is a valuable feature, in
the preparation of foodstuffs.
After the mixing or kneading operation is completed the blades and attached
shaft can be lifted out of the sleeve in the pan to admit of the latter being tilted
for the removal of its contents.
Other details of construction than these herein before described may be varied
within the main lines of the invention.
Dated this 17th day of Jan 1800
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Machines for Mixing and Kneading.
I, SAMUEL JOHN PEGG, of 23, Kirby Road, Leicester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has reference to machines for mixing and kneading, and has
for its main object to improve the construction of machines for these purposes
in such a manner that the materials within the mixing or kneading pan cannot
gain access to the bearings of the machine and further that oil or grease from
the bearings cannot become associated with the materials being treated.
The invention will be fully understood from the following further description
in reference to the accompanying drawings in which,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine constructed in accordance with this
invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the mechanism for tilting the pan for removing
the contents therefrom.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the pan, mixing blades and a portion of the
actuating shaft therefor.
Figure 5 is a section of the vertical shaft, actuating worm and worm wheel
therefor and socket for the latter.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of a machine of modified construction.
Figure 7 is a side elevation of a machine comprising a further modification.
Figure 8 is a section of the actuating mechanism under the pan of the machine
shown in Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a detail in elevation of the vertical shaft and mixing blade and
sleeve, the sleeve being omitted.
Figures 4, 5, 8, and 9 are drawn to a larger scale than the other figures.
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the figures.
A represents a stationary .e., non-rotatable pan in which the materials to be
treated are placed.
It is furnished with trunnions A¹ which rest in bearing in the upper ends of
vertical pillars B rising upwards from a base plate or stand C.
The pan A in this particular case is provided with a strengthening base plate A³
from which an integral sleeve A³ rises upwards centrally within the pan as shown
most clearly in Figure 4.
The said sleeve A³ encloses a vertical shaft D which passes through the bottom

page_text: of the pan and has a bottom end of square section D₁ fitting into-a-square-holo
in the upper face of a worm wheel E, Figure 5, the opposite face of which has a
circular projection or boss E¹ thereon inserted rotatably within a socket E² con-
taining balls upon which the said boss rests to facilitate its rotative action.
The socket is fixed by bolts E to the bed plate C.
The worm wheel E gears with and receives its motion from a worm F on a
shaft F, Figure 1, supported in bearings in a bracket G and furnished on its
end with a sprocket or chain wheel F2 driven by a chain H¹ passing also over
a larger chain wheel H Figures 1 and 2 fitted on the boss H2 of a hand wheel H³
carried on an arbor B₁ supported by the pillar B.
The vertical shaft D at its upper end 12 is of square section and fits into a
correspondingly shaped hole located inside at the top of a sleeve J which passes
down over the sleeve A³ and has formed with or attached to it, mixing blades J
of any of the well known forms of construction and which reach down to the
lowest part of the pan A.
It will be observed that upon the turning of the handle H the sprocket wheel H
will actuate the chain H and the latter will rotate the wheel and shaft Fi
and the worm F on the latter will revolve the worm wheel E which will operate
the shaft D and the latter will revolve the sleeve J and mixing blades J' within
the pan A.
From this construction it will be noticed that the contents of the pan A cannot
get into the working parts of the machine neither can the lubricant used on the
latter become mixed with the ingredients contained in the pan.
To facilitate the tilting of the pan A for removing the contents of the latter,
when the sleeve J, attached mixing blades J¹, and shait I have first been removed,
a quadrant K may be fitted on the end of the trunnion A¹ and actuated by a
worm gearing thereinto and carried on a shaft K2 having bearings in the
pillar or standard B and actuatable by a small hand wheel K³ on the end thereof.
When desired the machine may be driven by power by removing the hand
wheel H and substituting fast and loose pulleys therefore as will be readily
understood.
The invention admits of various modifications.
As an alternative construction the pan may be made to rotate while the mixing
blades are stationary.
This construction is illustrated in Figure Gin which the essential difference
of construction between the machine illustrated in that figure and the ones shown
in Figures 1 to 4 is that a sleeve or boss A+ is formed on the underside of the
pan A and fixed by bolts A5 to the upper face of the worm wheel E so that it
and the pan A will rotate with the latter, while to render the mixing blades J¹
stationary, the vertical shaft D passes through a central hole in the worm wheel E
and its boss E and its square end D' fits within a square hole in the bed plate C
so as to prevent its rotation.
In order to prevent oscillation of the pan during its rotation, a pin projecting
from each side thereof, is located in a groove on the inner edge of a circular
ring L or between two concentric circular discs or plates supported by pillars B
as in Figure 7, so that the said pins can ride in the raceway L' formed in or
between the same.
In the further modification illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 both the pan A and
the mixing blades J¹ are made to rotate but each in opposite directions.
In this case as will be seen most clearly in Figure 8 the vertical shaft D passes
through the boss A on the underside of the pan A2, through the worm wheel E,
which actuates the pan A, and into an additional worm wheel M having a square
hole in its face into which is received the square end 1 of the shaft D and from
which the said shaft receives its motion.
A socket M is formed in the upper face of the bottom worm wheel M for the
reception of the boss E¹ of the upper worm wheel E and fitted with balls E³ for
the purpose herein before described.

page_text: In order that the pan and mixing blades may rotate in opposite directions an
auxiliary shaft X carrying a worn N¹ supported in bearings in the bracket G
has on its end a spur wheel O gearing into a similar wheel carried by the
shaft which is rotated by the chain H¹ and hand wheel H3 as herein before
described in reference to Figure 1.
The blades J and sleeve J can be lifted out of the pan for cleaning purposes
and these parts together with the pan A, I prefer to construct of aluminium to
avoid rust and corrosion of such parts which is a valuable desideratum in the
preparation of food-stuffs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
1 claim is:-
1. In a mixing or kneading machine the use or employment of a combined
pan A and central sleeve A³ substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. In a mixing or kneading machine the combination of a combined pan and
sleeve such as A, A³ of a sleeve such as J carrying the blades J¹ substantially as
and for the purpose described.
3. In a mixing or kneading machine the combination with a non-rotatable
pan A and vertical sleeve A3, of mixing blades J¹, a vertical shaft D and means
for actuating the same in the manner described.
4. In a mixing or kneading machine the combination with a non-rotatable
pan and sleeve of mixing blades, a vertical shaft, worm wheel and worm and
means for actuating the same substantially as described.
5. In a mixing or kneading machine the combination with fixed mixing blades
of a rotatable combined pan and sleeve, worm wheel attached to the said pan,
a worm and means for actuating the latter substantially as described.
6. In a mixing or kneading machine the combination of a combined rotatable
pan and sleeve and rotatable mixing blades and means for rotating the pan and
sleeve and the said blades in opposite directions.
7. The improved mixing and kneading machine consisting of the parts con-
structed, arranged and operating substantially as described and illustrated in
Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings.
8. The improved mixing and kneading machine consisting of the parts con-
structed, arranged and operating substantially as described and illustrated in
Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
9. The improved mixing and kneading machine consisting of the parts con-
structed, arranged and operating substantially as described and illustrated in
Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th day of October 1899.
BOULT, WADE, & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.