IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED SIZED YARNS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Albert Gatty, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Dyer and Calico Printer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED SIZED YARNS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert Gatty at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1881.
FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer
and Calico Printer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED SIZED
YARNS."
My improvements relate to dyeing and sizing yarns made of cotton or other
vegetable fibre, and my Invention consists in impregnating the yarns with liquid
colours or mordants holding in suspension from six to eight ounces or more or less
of flour, farina, starch, or other farinaceous substance for every gallon of liquid,
and then exposing the impregnated yarns to the action of steam or other moist
heat for about ten minutes in order to burst the cells of the farinaceous substance.
and thicken the colour or mordant upon the yarns, which thus become sized and
dyed at the same time; they are afterwards dried in the ordinary way.
The colours or mordants I use are similar in composition to those generally used
by calico printers, only in place of boiling and thickening them with the starch or
other farinaceous substance as is usually done, I use them as described above in
the liquid form, but containing the thickening substance in the raw state.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Albert Gatty in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st March 1882.
FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer
and Calico Printer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURED SIZED
YARNS,"
My improvements relate to dyeing and sizing yarns made of cotton or other
vegetable fibre, and my Invention consists in impregnating the yarns with liquid
colours or mordants holding in suspension from six to eight ounces or more or less
of flour, farina, starch, or other farinaceous substance for every gallon of liquid,
and then exposing the impregnated yarns to the action of steam or other moist
beat; but in order to be fully understood I will describe how I perform the same.
After the yarns have been boiled in water, as is usually done for dyeing, or
bleached in some cases when pale colours are required, I impregnate them with
liquid colours or mordants similar in composition to those used by calico printers
and dyers, but not boiled, and holding in suspension from six to eight ounces of
flour, starch, farina, or other farinaceous substance for every gallon of liquid.
More or less of the farinaceous substance may be used, according to the stiffness of
the yarn required. While the yaros are in the liquid, the latter is kept agitated
in order to prevent the starch or other farinaceous substance from settling. After
the yarns have been impregnated with the colour or mordant and the farinaceous
substance, the excess of liquid is wrung or squeezed out either by hand or a hydro-
extractor, or nipped between two rollers if the yarns are in long warps. They are
then exposed to the action of steam or other moist heat in any convenient way in
order to burst the cells of the farinaceous substance and thicken the colour or
mordant upon and in the yarns. If the yarns are in hanks I find the most con-
venient way is to hang them on sticks, and if in warps I run them over rollers or
steam cylinders through a place filled with steam or other hot moist air; for this
operation I find from five to ten minutes is sufficient for most colours. The yarns
may then be dried, or may be passed through any liquid if the colour should
require it, either before or after drying.
For certain colours, as is well understood by printers and dyers, it is necessary
to prepare the yarns with stanate of soda or sumac, or with both, before the colours
or colouring matters are applied.
In cases where the colours are produced in two operations, viz., when the yarns
are first impregnated with a mordant and then with a colouring matter, or the
reverse, I introduce the starch or other farinaceous substance either during the first
or second operation, as may be most convenient.
Having stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner of per-
forming the same,
I declare that I claim,-
1. The use of raw flour, farina, starch, or other farinaceous substance in the
manner and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2. The manufacture of coloured sized yarns by employing the improved colouring
and sizing process in the manner and for the purpose, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Albert Gatty, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two.