Improved Manufacture of Waterproof Glue.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 9th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 19th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Manufacture of Waterproof Glue.
I HENRY GARDNER of 166 Fleet Street, City of London, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention which has been communicated to me from abroad
by Christian Wilhelm Luther of Reval, Russia, Manufacturer of Wooden Articles,
to be as follows:-
This invention has for object the manufacture of waterproof glue from a combination
of the salts of albuminates and an alkalic substance the proportions of which may be
varied to suit circumstances and in some cases may have fibre or wood dust admixed.
In conjunction with the manufacture of said glue for special purposes slight changes
for its use may be adopted.
The invention will be clearly understood from the following.
All albumines possess towards alkalic substances the character of an acid because
they unite and form salts i.e. double salts. All such formations possess the character
of glues for fastening wooden surfaces together and may therefore be used for water-
proof glueing purposes and according as the glue (consisting of 1 an albuminate
and 2 alkalic substances) is possessed of a surplus of one or of the other of these so
the qualities of this glue and the use it has to be put to will differ.
1. If the glue is possessed of a surplus of alkalic substances it becomes not dissolvable
after a time at an ordinary temperature. A glue of this quality is therefore very
well adapted for the cold glueing process. For using it one covers those parts of
the wood that are to be joined with a mixture consisting of an albuminate superfluous
alkalic substance and water, presses the covered parts together and lets them stand.
After some time the glue between the pieces of wood changes from the original
sticky matter into a gelatinous condition in what state it cannot be dissolved by water.
After drying the pieces of wood will be found to be joined in a waterproof condition.
This changing of the glue into the non-dissolvable state by water causes it to bind,
like Portland cement, both processes require a certain time and takes place under
development of warmth which is a sign of the reaction that has taken place.
2. If the glue is possessed of only little alkalic substance in comparison with the
albuminate the change only into a gelatinous state at an ordinary temperature only
takes place very slowly or not at all, the change can however be expedited if heat be
applied to it from the outside. The temperature that is required to effect this is
proportionately higher, the smaller the quantity of alkalic substance there is in the
glue and nears the temperature at what the pure albumen coagulates. In order
therefore to get a waterproof connection with such a glue one may either expose the
glued parts to a higher temperature after they have been dried or one may use the
following manipulation that will in some cases be profitable. One covers the parts
to be glued with a mixture of albuminate containing only little alkalic substance
one dries them then without putting them together at an ordinary temperature and
then when pressed together with the aid of hot iron surfaces, say in a press, they
adhere. Eventually before pressing them together the surfaces covered with the
cement may be moistened a little so that the surface of the cement gets sticky.
As the glueing power of all these albuminates is very great they can contain
different substances that are not dissolvable in water and otherwise indifferent
substances, that do not injure the qualities of the glue but which augment their
quantity. This might be an advantage with respect to the price of the cement.

page_text: Through addition of very fine fibrous materials for instance ground wood even a
greater solidity of the joints can be and are attained because the fine fibres of the
wood after the cement is dry get so to speak felted and cause a stronger coherence
of the particles.
The speciality of the invention is the manufacture of a waterproof connection of
wooden boards or pieces of any shapes and thickness by means of a glue consisting
of the salts of albuminates with alkalic substances with or without addition of
indifferent undissolvable materials and capable of being effected first by the cold
process with a glue that contains superfluous alkalic substance and secondly by the hot
process with a glue that contains superfluous albuminates as stated above.
Dated this 1st day of October 1896.
Improved Manufacture of Waterproof Glue.
I, HENRY GARDNER, of 166 Fleet Street, City of London, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention which has been communicated to me from abroad
by Christian Wilhelm Luther of Reval, Russia, Manufacturer of Wooden Articles,
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for object, the manufacture of waterproof glue suitable for
wood work from a combination of the salts of albuminates and an alkalic substance,
the proportions of which may be varied to suit circumstances, and in some cases
may have fibre or wood dust admixed. In conjunction with the manufacture of said
glue for special purposes slight changes for its use may be adopted.
The invention for glueing wooden surfaces together will be clearly understood from
the following:-
All albumines possess towards alkalic substances the character of an acid because
they unite and form salts i.e. double salts. All such formations possess the character
of glues for fastening wooden surfaces together and may therefore be used for water-
proof glueing purposes and according as the glue (consisting of 1, an albuminate,
and 2, alkalic substances) is possessed of a surplus of one or of the other of these, so
the qualities of this glue and the use it has to be put to will differ.
The alkalic substances capable of being employed are either hydrate of lime,
hydrate of potash, hydrate of natron, also the carbonates, silicates, borates, and
phosphates of potassium and sodium, and the albumines are caseine, albumen, blood,
or gluten, and when the process is carried on in an ordinary temperature, the
proportions of the materials are from 15 to 50% of alkalic substance and from
85 to 50% of albumine, whereas if heat be applied the proportions will vary
from 5 to 20% of alkalic substance with from 95 to 80% of albumine.
1. If the glue is possessed of a surplus of alkalic substances it becomes not dissolvable
after a time at an ordinary temperature.
A glue of this quality is therefore very well adapted for the cold glueing process.
For using it, one covers those parts of the wood that are to be joined with a mixture
consisting of an albuminate superfluous alkalic substance and water, presses the covered
parts together and lets them stand. After some time the glue between the pieces of
wood changes from the original sticky matter into a gelatinous condition in which
state it cannot be dissolved by water. After drying, the pieces of wood will be found
to be joined in a waterproof condition. This changing of the glue into the non-
dissolvable state by water causes it to bind like Portland cement, both processes
require a certain time and takes place under development of warmth which is a sign
of the reaction that has taken place.

page_text: 2. If the glue is possessed of only little alkalio substance in comparison with the
albuminate, the change only into a gelatinous state at an ordinary temperature only
takes place very slowly, or not at all, the change can however be expedited if
heat be applied to it from the outside. The temperature that is required to effect
this is proportionately higher, the smaller the quantity of alkalic substance there
is in the glue and nears the temperature at which the pure albumen coagulates.
In order therefore to get a waterproof connection with such a glue, one may
either expose the glued parts to a higher temperature after they have been dried,
or one may use the following manipulation that will in some cases be profitable.
One covers the parts to be glued with a mixture of albuminate containing only
little alkalic substance one dries them then without putting them together at an ordinary
temperature and then when pressed together with the aid of hot iron surfaces, say in
a press, they adhere.
Eventually before pressing them together the surfaces covered with the cement
may be moistened a little, so that the surface of the cement gets sticky.
As the glueing power of all these albuminates is very great they can contain
different substances that are not dissolvable in water and otherwise indifferent
substances that do not injure the qualities of the glue but which augment their
quantity.
This might be an advantage with respect to the price of the cement. Through
addition of very fine fibrous materials, for instance, ground wood, even a greater
solidity of the joints can be and are attained because the fine fibres of the wood after
the cement is dry get, so to speak, felted and cause a stronger coherence of the
particles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The manufacture of a waterproof glue consisting of the salts of albuminates with
alkalic substances with or without addition of indifferent undissolvable materials and
capable of being effected for the connection of wooden boards or pieces of any shape
or thickness, first, by the cold process with a glue that contains superfluous alkalic
substance, and secondly, by the hot process with a glue that contains superfluous
albuminates as stated above.