Improvements in and relating to Ventilators, Chiefly Designed for Use in Connection with Ships' Side Lights.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 5th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Ventilators, Chiefly Designed for
Use in Connection with Ships' Side Lights.
I, THOMAS UTLEY, of 5 Woburn Hill, Stoneycroft, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
My invention relates to ventilators chiefly designed for use in connection with
ships' side lights.
The main object of my said invention is to provide an improved ventilator for use
in connection with ships' side lights or any other convenient opening,
In carrying my said invention into practice I provide a suitable chamber or
compartment in the side of the vessel. This chamber or compartment communicates
on the outside of the vessel with the open air through the side light opening or
port or any other convenient opening and upon the inside with one or more air
tubes or passages by means of which the air can be conveyed to the compartment
or compartments in the interior of the vessel which it is desired to ventilate.
When my improved ventilating device is applied to the side light opening or port
of a vessel the side light is preferably arranged in a sloping direction from the
inside wall of the above mentioned ventilating chamber or compartment to the
exterior wall of the said vessel. A suitable grating is provided upon the outside of
the side light opening or port or other opening employed to form a breakwater. In
the aforesaid ventilating chamber or compartment I provide two horizontal partitions
having suitable apertures to admit of the passage of air. To prevent water from obtaining
admission through these passages in the event of the sight light opening or port or
other opening being temporally immersed, I provide the above mentioned apertures
with suitable floats or valves, carried upon a vertical spindle or guide upon which the
said floats or valves can move freely to or from seatings provided in the apertures in
the said horizontal partitions. If the side light opening or port or other opening be
temporally immersed by reason of a wave striking against the side of the vessel, or
from any other cause, the pressure of the water passing through the hereinbefore
mentioned breakwater and bearing upon the underside of the said floats or valves, .
will force the latter to rise and by pressing them against their seatings in the
horizontal partitions, form tight joints and prevent the passage of any water through
the device.
By placing the said floats or valves one above the other, in the manner above
described, I provide very efficient means for preventing the possibility of any water
passing through the said device, the space between the two floats or valves, forming
as it were a kind of trap, which is adapted to catch and retain any water that might
pass the first or lower float or valve before the latter had time to become closed, or
take a proper bearing upon its seating, or any leakage that might otherwise occur
past the said float or valve. When the pressure of water is removed the said floats or
valves resume their normal positions, that is to say, by reason of their own weight
fall away from or leave their seatings in the horizontal partitions, and the air is free
to pass up through the ventilating chamber or compartment to the interior of the
vessel as before.
I prefer to provide the above mentioned floats or valves with rings or washers of
India rubber or other suitable material intended to bear against the seatings in the
horizontal partitions, when the said floats or valves are raised by a pressure from
below as above described, and thus ensure a better joint. The said rings or washers
moreover prevent leakage through corrosion of the seatings, and can be easily and
expeditiously replaced when desired.

page_text: I sometimes arrange two or three sets of the above described floats or valves in
connection with each side light opening or port or other opening thus providing two
or three distinct ventilators for each opening in the side of the vessel.
Although I have herein before described a convenient and advantageous method of
carrying iny said invention into practice it is obvious that I can somewhat modify the
construction of my improved ventilator, without departing in any way from the nature
of my said invention. For instance instead of the arrangement of two floats or valves
and partitions placed one above the other as herein before described I can employ any
other suitable number of partitions, and floats or valves, and I can provide any
suitable means for guiding the latter. I can moreover employ any convenient
number. of sets of the above mentioned floats or valves and partitions in connec-
tion with each side light opening or port or any other opening in side of vessel.
Dated this 29th day of November 1888.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Ventilators, Chiefly Designed for
Use in Connection with Ships' Side-lights.
I, THOMAS UTLEY of 5 Woburn Hill, Stoneycroft, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to ventilators chiefly designed for use in connection with the
cabins, holds and other compartments of ships, where ventilation is essential or
desirable; and my said invention comprises improvements in the ventilators
described in the Specification of former Letters Patent dated 18th April A.D. 1881
No. 1687.
An important feature of my present invention consists in providing for the venti-
lation of two or more cabins, compartments or holds through a single side-light port
or other opening or the ventilation of one cabin compartment or hold through more
than one aperture.
For this purpose, I combine, with the side-light port or other opening one or more
air-chambers each provided with a float or valve or with a set of floats or valves, and
1 connect the said chamber or chambers by means of suitable pipes passages or
apertures with two or more cabins compartments or holds. In some instances how-
ever, I apply my present improvements to apparatus for the ventilation of a single
cabin, compartment or hold.
Another important feature of my said invention is the combination, with a single
side-light port, or other opening of two or more separate or distinct air-chambers
provided with floats or valves, and so constructed that, should the valve or valves in
one chamber get out of order, this chamber can be closed without preventing or
interfering with the action of the other chamber or chambers. I thus obviate the
necessity for discontinuing the use of the ventilator in case one valve or set of valves
should become inoperative through leakage or otherwise.
My said invention, moreover, comprises other improvements hereinafter set forth.
In the accompanying drawings, I have shown how my said invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a vertical section illustrating one form of my improved ventilator, some
of the parts being shown in side elevation.
Figure 2 is a vertical section on the line x, x, Figure 1, the floats or valves and
other parts being removed.
Figures 3 and 4 are plans partly in horizontal section shewing different arrange-
ments of the said ventilator.
Figure 5 is a vertical section, some of the parts being shown in side elevation.

page_text: igure a plan, party in norizontal section, and
Figure 7 a front elevation, illustrating another form or modification of my
improved ventilator.
Figure 8 is a vertical section on the line ¹¹, Figure 5. the floats or valves and
other parts being removed.
Figure 8 is a front elevation, illustrating a further modification of my improved
ventilator.
Figure 9 is a front elevation, partly in vertical section, and
Figure 10 a vertical section on the line y, y, Figure 9 showing another form or
modification of my improved ventilator.
Figure 11 is a vertical section illustrating another form or modification of my
improved ventilator, some of the parts being shewn in side elevation.
Figure 12 is a horizontal section on the line z, z, Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a horizontal section on the line 21, 21, Figure 11.
Figure 14 shows a portion of Figure 11, a door or cover hereinafter described
being shown in position, and
Figure 15 is a horizontal section shewing another arrangement of the ventilator
illustrated in Figures 11 to 14.
Figures 16 and 17 show a horizontal section illustrating a modification of my
invention wherein the ventilators are fitted to a special bulwark provided for the
purpose upon the deck of the vessel, in cases where the vessel has no bulwark at
the part where the ventilator is to be placed.
Figure 18 is a plan, partly in horizontal section, and
Figure 19 a side elevation, partly in vertical section, illustrating a still further
modification of my said invention.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is the wall or side of the vessel, B is the side-light port or opening, C is the
interior side-light, D is the shutter therefor.
a is a casing divided by partitions a¹ into compartments or air-chambers. These
air-chambers are in communication on the outside of the vessel with the open air
through the side-light opening or port B (or other convenient opening) and upon
the inside by means of pipes 6 or other passages or apertures with one or more
cabins, holds or other parts of the vessel which it is desired to ventilate.
When my improved ventilator is applied to a side-light port, the side-light C is
preferably included as shown in Figure 1, for the sake of economising space and
obtaining as much light as is practicable. c is a grating or a perforated diaphragm
fixed in the side-light port B and serving as a break-water.
Each air chamber is provided with horizontal partitions d having suitable.
apertures e for the passage of air, and provided with floats or valves f for preventing
the admission of water through the said apertures e in the event of the side-light or
port B being temporarily immersed, substantially as described in my said former
specification. The valves fare provided with vertical spindles or guides g, g¹ and
are so arranged that they can move freely to or from seatings in the horizontal
partitions d. The guide g¹ is attached to the upper float or valve f and is adapted
to move freely in a hole e¹ in one of the cross pieces or cross bars e* which are
firmly attached to, or form part of the partitions d. The lower cross piece or cross
bar e² serves to support the upper extremity of the spindle or guide g the lower
extremity of which is supported in a bracket 9* attached to the side of the chamber a
and the lower valve f is arranged to move freely up and down on the said spindle or
guide g. The floats or valves are preferably provided with rings or washers fl of
India rubber or other suitable material intended to bear against the sealings h when
the said floats or valves are raised by water entering through the port B. These
rings or washers can be easily and expeditiously replaced wheu desired.
By dividing the casing a into two or more distinct air chambers I am enabled in
case of leakage or for other reasons to shut off one or more of the said chambers
leaving the other chamber or chambers open for the admission of air.
•

page_text: The partitions a¹, in some instances, extend downward from the top of the air-
chambers to, or below the lower horizontal partitions d, or down to the upper
edge of the side-light or other opening or port as shown for example in Figures 1
and 2.
In other instances, they are arranged as shown in Figure 8, that is to say, the
portion of each vertical partition a' below the upper horizontal partition d is dispensed
with. It is preferable, however, that the casing a should be divided throughout its
entire height, as otherwise (in cases where two or more cabins, compartments or
holds are ventilated through a single ventilator) a greater quantity of the air
which passes through the casing might be drawn into one of the said cabins,
compartments or holds than into another of the same, thus causing deficient ventilation
of the latter.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 3 there are two air chambers which are
connected by pipes 61 with separate cabins or state rooms. This apparatus can be
conveniently applied to a side-light port in a passage between two cabins or state
rooms, so that it serves for the lighting of the said passage and for the ventilation of
the said state rooms. The pipes are connected to the pipes or nozzles 6 by means
of couplings 6².
In the arrangement shown in Figure 4 there are three air-chambers, the central
one of which serves for the ventilation of the passage between two cabins or
state rooms, the side chambers serving for the ventilation of the said cabins or
state rooms.
For closing the air chambers when necessary or desirable, I sometimes provide
screw caps 6* as shown in Figures 3 and 4, or I provide hinged doors as hereinafter
d'escribed, or other suitable devices.
In the form or modification of my ventilator illustrated in Figures 5 to 8ª covers
or doors i are provided for closing the air passages 6 when necessary so that should
the valves in one air-chamber fail the apparatus can still be used for ventilation.
The said doors are hinged or pivotted at ¹, and each door is provided with a screw
fastener. In the apparatus shown the upper part only of the casing a, that is to
say the part above the upper horizontal partition d is divided by the vertical partition a',
as more clearly shown in Figure 8. The side light. c and shutter D are in the
apparatus shown in these figures arranged vertically.
In cases where the available space above the side light or other opening or port
is not sufficient to permit the placing of the casing a and valves fabove the opening
or port as shown in figures 1 to 8 I arrange an air chamber with its floats or valves
on one side or on each side of the opening or port.
In Figures 9 and 10 I have shown an arrangement of this kind, in which the side
chambers are shown in combination with a square side light port. Each air chamber is
provided with a hinged door i which may be opened or closed as required without
interfering with the operation of the other air chamber.
It is obvious that a similar arrangement of the air-chambers can be applied to a
port or opening of other suitable shape. And if desired this arrangement may be
combined with either of those shown in figures 1 to 8. 1 sometimes place a grating or
diaphragm c within the casing a in a horizontal position below the lower float or
valve f.
I sometimes provide pipes or nozzles ³ (Figure 8") which are hinged or pivotted
at and which, when the doors i are swung back, can be secured in position as
shown so that flexible or other pipes for conducting the air into the cabins
compartments or holds, can be readily connected with and disconnected from the
said nozzles.
In cases where ventilation is required without light as in the case of holds for
cargo I sometimes modify the arrangement of my apparatus as shown in Figures 11.
and 12, that is to say I dispense with the side light and make the casing a in such a
manner that it can be applied to a suitable port or opening in the ships side above.
the deck.

page_text: The pipe or passage b extends downward from the top of the casing a and is
connected by another pipe or passage b¹ with an aperture in the deck, so that air
will be conducted into the hold E. To provide for the ventilation of two or more
holds through a single port or opening, I provide one or more pipes 63, Figures 11
and 13, each connected with a separate hold. The uppermost pipe 63 extends into the
lower end of the pipe or passage and serves for conducting air to the lower hold F.
Another pipe 63 is provided, if desired, for conducting air to a still lower hold, and
so on. To permit the passage into each hold, of the necessary quantity of air for
ventilation, I make the uppermost pipe 3 of smaller diameter than the pipe b¹ and
each succeeding pipe 6 of smaller diameter than the pipe next above it, the said
pipes 63 being held in position by an angle-iron & or other convenient means so as
to leave passages 65 for the passage of air into the different holds.
To provide for disconnecting the ventilating or air chamber from the holds when
necessary, I arrange in the pipe or passage b a horizontal partition j having an
aperture j', which when communication with the pipes 63 is to be cut off may be
closed by a suitable door or cover K, as shewn in figure 14, this door is secured by
means of a screw K¹ which passes through a hole in the said door and enters a corre-
spondingly screw-threaded hole in a cross-bar b firmly fixed within the pipe b
When the said door or cover K is not required for closing the aperture 1, it is hung
upon a hook m provided in the pipe 6 so as to be at hand when required.
n is a door for permitting access to the interior of the pipe b for the purpose of
placing the said door or cover K over the aperture ¹ or removing it therefrom,
and for ascertaining whether the valves or floats are in proper working order.
The said door n is hinged or pivoted at n¹ to the pipe 6', and is provided with a screw
fastener n².
In Figure 15, I have shown an arrangement similar to that illustrated in Figures 11
to 14, but wherein the casing a is divided by a vertical partition a¹ into two air-chambers
and the pipes and are also divided by a vertical partition 6 so that two sets of
pipes or ventilating shafts 63 may obtain a supply of air from a single port or opening
in the side of the vessel, and either of the pipes or passages can be closed by a door k
(Figure 14) without interfering with the ventilation through the other pipe or
passage.
In Figures 16 and 17 I have shewn two of my improved ventilators attached to a
special bulwark A¹ fitted upon the deck of the vessel, and communicating with the
open air through suitable apertures provided in the said bulwark. The ventilators
shown are constructed substantially as above described with reference to figures 11
to 14. This arrangement is advantageous where the vessel has no bulwark at the part
thereof where it is necessary to fix the ventilator.
Figures 18 and 19 illustrate another form or modification of my ventilator designed
to be fixed in the centre or other convenient portion of the ships' deck. This venti-
lator may have one or more air-chambers and sets of valves. In the arrangement
shown several air-chambers provided with valves are arranged inside a cylindrical
casing A provided with a corresponding number of series or groups of holes
or perforations A³ to admit air to the respective air-chambers or casings. To permit
access for the purpose of repairs to the interior of the cylindrical casing A2, I some-
times provide in the upper or other convenient part of the said casing a suitable
manhole A which is closed by a removable cover A³, the centre portion whereof is
preferably formed of glass or other suitable transparent substance.
I sometimes provide the apparatus shown in Figures 18 and 19, with means,
substantially such as above described, whereby one or more of the air-chambers may
be shut off, in case of leakage or otherwise, leaving the remaining air-chamber or
air-chambers open. Or I effect the desired object by closing one or other of the series
of apertures or perforations A³ by means of a suitable door or cover.
It is obvious that I can employ any suitable number of air-chambers in connection
with a single side-light or other convenient port or opening in the side or other part
of the vessel.
It is obvious, moreover, that I can somewhat further modify the construction of my

page_text: improved ventilator without departing from the nature of my said invention. For
instance I can employ other suitable floats or valves and means for guiding the same.
I can if desired, employ a single valve in each air-chamber, suitable means being
provided as herein before described for permitting the closing of one air-chamber
whilst leaving the other chamber or chambers in operation.
Moreover, I can, if desired apply my improvements to ships' ventilators provided
with a single valve so that the air from a single side-light or other opening may be
conducted to two or more holes or compartments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I claim :-
.
First A ships ventilator wherein a casing provided or arranged with two or
more air-chambers, each chamber having one or more floats or valves or sets of floats
or valves are arranged in combination with a single side-light port or other opening,
and provided with means whereby any of the said chambers may be closed or shut
off without preventing or interfering with the operation of the other chamber or
chambers for the purpose above specified.
Second A ships' ventilator wherein a chamber or casing connected with a side
light or other opening for the admission of air, is divided by one or more partitions
into compartments each of which is provided with a float or valve or with a set of
floats or valves, for the purpose above specified.
Third A ships' ventilator comprising two or more air-chambers provided with
floats or valves or sets of floats or valves and pipes or passages for connecting the
said air-chambers with two or more orifices leading into the cabins, holds or other
parts of the vessel, for the purpose above specified.
Fourth-A ships ventilator comprising two or more air-chambers each provided
with one or more floats or valves and with means whereby any of the said chambers
may be closed or shut off without interfering with the operation of the other chamber
or chambers, and pipes or passages for connecting the said air-chamber or air-
chambers with orifices leading into the cabins, holds or other parts of the vessel,
substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Fifth A ships' ventilator comprising two or more air-chambers provided with
floats or valves; or sets of floats or valves, and a pipe or passage with or without the
vertical partition or partitions for connecting the said chamber or chambers with an
aperture in a deck substantially as described with reference to Figures 11 to 15 of
the drawings and for the purposes specified.
Sixth-The improved ships' ventilator constructed substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1 to 4 or with reference to Figures 5 to 8 of the accompanying
drawings and for the purpose specified.
Seventh-The modification of my invention wherein I arrange the air-chambers
at the sides of the port or opening, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings and for the purpose above specified.
Eighth-The modification of my invention wherein the ventilator is connected
with an opening in a vertical plate or bulwark secured to the deck, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 16 and 17 of the drawings and for the purpose
specified.
Ninth -The modification of my invention wherein air-chambers provided with
floats or valves are arranged within a perforated casing designed to be secured upon
the deck of a vessel, substantially as described with reference to Figures 18 and 19
of the drawings.
THOMAS UTLEY:
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.