IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARLYLE, of Constitution Hill, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in Dynamo-electric machines, particularly
those used for electro-plating and other similar arts.
The chief object of my Invention is to provide means whereby the hollow
cylindrical armature of such machines when revolving shall cause continuous
currents of air to flow through itself and other parts of the machine.
By causing continuous currents of air to flow through the armature and other
parts of the machine when working they are thereby kept cool and the electrical
resistance low.
In carrying this part of my Invention into practice I provide centrally within
the said hollow cylindrical armature and attached thereto a screw-fan or air
propeller. I mount the said screw-fan or air propeller on the armature shaft which,
as is well known, receives rotary motion from any convenient source. I make the
said screw-fan or air propeller preferably of brass or other non-magnetic metal or
material.
When the said armature is set in motion the screw-fan or air propeller produces
a continuous current of air through it in the direction of its axis. The air is drawn
into the armature between and around or through the field magnets at one part of
the machine and forced out between and around or through the field magnets at
another part of the machine.
A further object of my Invention is to provide means whereby the sparks at the
commutator are diminished.
This part of my Invention applies particularly to those machines which consist
essentially of an armature carrying electro-magnets having their axes parallel to the
axis of the armature. The said armature revolves between two sets of electro-
magnets arranged in a circle on either side of the said armature.
This part of my Invention consists in making the sides of the electro-magnets in
shape a square or diamond or approximately a square or diamond. The electro-
magnets are so arranged that the two opposite angles of their square or diamond
shaped or approximately square or diamond shaped sides form points in the
circumference of a circle of which the axis of the armature is the centre. It will
Price 6d1

page_text: be evident that when the armature revolves the electro-magnets fixed thereto will
gradually cover the fixed electro-magnets and one fixed electro-magnet will not be
left before the succeeding one is well covered.
By this means there is but a slight interruption of the main current and
consequently the sparks at the commutator are diminished.
Another part of my Invention has for its object to provide means whereby I take
up the induced currents and prevent the coils becoming heated.
This I effect by electrically coating the soft iron cores of the electro-magnets
with copper at those points where the wire is coiled, or I use for the same object
strips of copper attached to the said cores between the cores and the coils,
Dated this 23rd day of January 1884.

page_text: "
I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER CARLYLE, of Constitution Hill, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES' and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My Invention relates to improvements in dynamo-electric machines, particularly
those used for electro-plating and other similar arts.
The chief object of my Invention is to provide means whereby the hollow
cylindrical armature of such machines when revolving shall cause continuous
currents of air to flow through itself and other parts of the machine, so as to keep
the machine cool and prevent the increase of electric resistance and the lowering of
magnetic intensity.
In carrying this part of my Invention into practice I provide centrally within
the said hollow cylindrical armature and attached thereto a screw-fan or air-
propeller. I mount the said screw-fan or air-propeller on the armature shaft which
receives rotary motion from any convenient source. I make the said screw-fan
or air-propeller preferably of brass or other non-magnetic metal or material.
When the said armature is set in motion the screw-fan or air propeller produces
a continuous current of air through it in the direction of its axis. The air is drawn
into the armature between and around or through the field magnets at one part of
the machine and and forced out between and around or through the field magnets
at another part of the machine.
A further object of my Invention is to provide means whereby the sparks at the
commutator are diminished.
This part of my Invention applies particularly to those machines which consist
essentially of an armature carrying electro-magnets having their axes parallel to
the axis of the armature. The said armature revolves between two sets of electro-
magnets arranged in a circle on either side of the said armature.
This part of my Invention consists in making the sides or polar faces of the
electro-magnets in shape a square or diamond, or approximately a square or
diamond. The electro-magnets are so arranged that the two opposite angles of
their said square or diamond shaped, or approximately square or diamond shaped,
sides form points in the circumference of a circle of which the axis of the armature
is the centre. It will be evident that when the armature revolves the electro-
magnets fixed thereto will gradually cover the fixed electro-magnets, and one fixed
electro-magnet will not be left before the succeeding one is well covered.
By this means a complete break of the magnet field is prevented and consequently
the sparks at the commutator are diminished.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawing the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed; the same letters of reference
on the drawing indicate corresponding parts in all the corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation part of a dynamo-electric machine in which
my Improvements are embodied. Figure 2 represents in cross section the armature
shewing the screw-fan or air-propeller centre and Figure 3 is a front view of the
same. A is the armature shaft revolving in the bearings a¹, a² fixed to the base
plate B. C', C² are the side frames carrying the field inagnets D fixed thereto by
the screws d. E is the armature having a hollow cylindrical centre F attached
thereto and provided with three arms or vanes f¹, f³, f³, shaped like the vanes of
a fan or screw propeller so that when it is set in motion air will be drawn in at

page_text: one end as shewn by the arrows in Figure 1, and driven out at the other over the
surfaces of the various parts of the machine. I have described three arms or vanes
for the air-propeller but a single vane may be used, or two or more than three, and
instead of being made in a piece with the centre F they may be mounted on the
shaft separately therefrom as will be readily understood.
Figure 4 is a part transverse section of a machine shewing the polar faces of one
set of the field magnets and Figure 5 is a part transverse section of the same
shewing the polar faces of the armature magnets and the field magnets. M are the
polar faces of six fixed field magnets and N are the polar faces of six armature
electro-magnets, the opposite angles m³, n' of their sides forming points in the
circumference of a circle of which the axis of the armature is the centre, and the
sides m³, m³, n², n³ making any convenient angle with, or the sides m², n² may
form, the radii of the said circle so as to form square or diamond, or approximately
square or diamond shaped polar faces of such dimensions that when revolving they
shall reach at some part from one field magnet pole to the next and prevent a
complete break of the magnet field and so diminish the sparks at the commutator.
I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details as
herein described and illustrated, or the number of electro-magnets used, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In dynamo-electric machines the application and use upon the armature axis
of an air-fan in the manner. and for the purpose substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in my drawings.
2. The construction and use of armature and field magnet poles of square or
diamond shape, or approximately square or diamond shape, and of such dimensions
as at some part to reach from one field magnet pole to the next and so prevent a
complete break in the magnet field for the purpose substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in my drawings.
Dated thig 22nd day of October 1884