Improvements in the Manufacture of Waterproof Boards, Paper, and such like Materials.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 25th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 25th Feb.,
1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Waterproof Boards, Paper,
and such like Materials.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG, of No. 3, Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements upon a prior. Patent granted to
me and dated 23rd August 1888 and numbered 12190, and refers more particularly
to the production of a material applicable to building and allied purposes.
In carrying this invention into practice I take a porous substance, inore particularly
moss peat, and I saturate the same with a composition or preparation of a resinous,
oily, tarry, fatty, or similar nature, which I call the sizing agent. I employ for
the purposes herein intended more particularly a size prepared by saponifying
common rosin to which I generally add from 5 to 25 per cent., or thereabouts, of an
oily or greasy substance, as for instance, petroleum, or a tar, or several such
substances combined.
I mix the solution of size in any convenient manner with the porous substance;
but I prefer to allow the size to be absorbed by the same and then to grind the
mass in edge-runners, or equivalent apparatus, partly to cause a proper mixing and
amalgamation of the ingredients. Of the porous substance so treated I add a
certain proportion, more generally from 50 to 100 lbs., to every 100 lbs. (one
hundred lbs.) of ordinary paper stock in the heating engine, always calculating dry
weight.
I also employ an acid or an acid salt to neutralize the alkali in the saponified
size, so as to fix the latter, and I prefer to cause this action before the saturated
porous substance is mixed with much water, thus, I may mix such an acid solution
with the saturated porous substance before the latter is mixed with the other paper
stock in the engine; or I can add the acid solution to the stuff in the engine prior
to the addition of the aforesaid porous substance containing the size, so that the
acid in the water of the pulp fixes the size as the porous substance is added.
I also generally add to the stuff in the beater a hardening or binding agent and
for this purpose I mostly employ peat reduced to a partially gummy condition by
boiling with a caustic alkali.
If it is desirable that the inaterial, which is to be produced, is to have antiseptic or
disinfecting properties, other than the sizing agents already impart, I add a suitable
agent for this purpose in any convenient manner, more generally by mixing such
agent with the size with which the porous substance is saturated.
If the material to be produced is to withstand the ravages of insects I add such
chemical agent as will tend to produce this effect, and I employ for this purpose
more particularly an acid salt of copper, which at the same time answers the purpose
of a fixing agent for the size; or I employ a combination of salts.
The pulp is manufactured into hoards or paper in the ordinary way.
The material manufactured substantially as described in the foregoing, with or
without the sizing agents referred to, I may also treat by pressing under heat; by
combining several sheets in any suitable way, as for instance-by joining thein
surface to surface with pitch, or with animal glue rendered insoluble, or otherwise;―
by surfacing or impregnating with fireproof compositions; by surfacing or
impregnating with tars, pitch, or other suitable compositions.
Dated this 19th day of February 1890.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Waterproof Boards, Paper,
and such like Materials.
I, CHARLES WEYGANG, of 3, Hermitage Villas, Child's Hill, Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what mauner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates partly to certain improvements upon a prior Patent granted
to me, dated 23rd August 1888, and numbered 12,190, and partly to the manufacture
of waterproof boards, paper, and such like materials, applicable to building, and
Dumerous other purposes.
In carrying this invention into practice, I take a suitable porous substance, such
as moss peat, wood pulp or other paper materials, or similar matters, and I saturate
or impregnate the same with a composition or preparation of a resinous, oily, tarry,
fatty matter, or other suitable substances, which I call the sizing agents. I also
employ suitable chemical substances to act upon the sizing matters, for the purpose
of fixing the same, and rendering them more or less insoluble, and I employ the
porous materials so treated for the manufacture of more or less waterproof boards,
paper, and allied articles, substantially as hereinafter described.
With the object of making a waterproof board or paper of a common general
character, more particularly applicable to building and allied purposes, I proceed
somewhat in the following manner :---
I saponify in the ordinary manner known to papermakers, about 140 lbs. or
thereabouts of common rosin with 10 to 20 lbs. of tallow or its equivalent, and, after
saponification, I add from 30 to 40 lbs. of petroleum.
I generally dilute this size with water, so as to make from 30 to 50 gallons, or
thereabouts.
I mix about rds of the diluted solution of size with about 200 lbs. of moss peat,
or analogous, or other suitable porous materials, and, when the porous material has
absorbed the size, I slightly grind the mass with edgerunners, or equivalent
apparatus, partly for the purpose of reducing the lumps, and partly to cause Â
thorough mixing and amalgamation of the ingredients.
To about 200 lbs. of ordinary fibrous stock in the beating engine, I add the
remaining rd of size.
I add the saturated porous substance to the fibrous pulp in the beating engine
and I beat the whole off together.
I also employ suitable chemical agents to act upon the sizing matters, for the
purpose of rendering the same insoluble. I usually employ an acid salt, and I may
add the entire quantity required to the fibrous pulp in the beating engine, prior to
the addition of the saturated porous matter, so that the acid in the water of the
pulp fixes, the alkaline size in the porous substance as the latter is added; but I
generally prefer to add the fixing salt to each of the materials before the latter are
mixed with each other, and I generally proceed as follows, or substantially so:-
I make a solution of an acid salt, such as alum or aluminous sulphate, employing
about 40 or 50 lbs., or thereabouts, which I thoroughly mix with the saturated
porous matter, preferably after the latter has been ground.
To the 200 lbs. of fibrous stock in the beating engine with the additional rd of
the size, I add from 10 to 14 lbs., or thereabouts, of a bichromate, or an equivalent
chromic salt, but preferably the bichromate of potash, and from 20 to 30 lbs., of
an acid salt such as alum or aluminous sulphate.
I then mix the saturated porous matter with the fibrous stuff, and beat the two
off together.
I also generally prefer to add to the stuff in the beater a hardening or binding
agent, and I may employ for this purpose peat, reduced to a partially gummy
condition by boiling with an alkali as described in No. 12,15984; but I generally

page_text: 25 parts of vegetable tar
or such similar composition, the tar being simply boiled up with the rosin during
the course of saponification; all the manipulations being substantially as herein-
before described.
I wish to explain for all purposes that if the material saturated with the sizing
agents is already of a fibrous nature it is not absolutely essential to mix other
fibrous matter with it, but such saturated material may be beaten off alone, the size
being fixed substantially as hereinbefore described, and the material is then made
For instance,
into boards or paper, or pressed into sheets, blocks or other forms.
taking wood pulp as the porous matter, to hold the size, I saturate the same with
the requisite quantity of the respective sizing solution, and I then add the necessary
chemical agents for fixing the size, substantially as herein before described. I then
transfer the saturated matter to the beater and brush or beat out the stuff; and
I then make it into boards or paper, or press it into sheets, blocks, or other forms.
If it is desirable that the material which is to be produced is to have antiseptic or
disinfecting properties, other than those imparted by the sizing agents; I add a
Most generally such
suitable agent for this purpose in any convenient manner.
agents, as (for instance) carbolic acid, may be mixed with the size with which the
porous substance is saturated or impregnated; or it may be mixed with the porous
substance independently, that is to say, I allow the latter to absorb the respective
antiseptic agent before the size is added, otherwise proceeding as before described.
For instance I may incorporate a small proportion such as 10 to 15% by weight
(or thereabouts) of coal tar with the porous substance, before incorporating the
latter with the other sizing agents. For this purpose the coal tar is preferably
heated, and then roughly mixed with the porous materials, and, when thoroughly
absorbed in the latter, the other sizing agents are incorporated, and the stuff is
manipulated as before described.
If the material to be produced, either substantially under the present Specification,
or substantially under No. 12,190, or analogous material, is required to withstand

page_text: the ravages of insects, such as the white ant, also for the purpose of imparting
more or less rot-proof properties, I add such chemical agents as will tend to produce
these effects, and I employ for these purposes more particularly an acid salt of
copper, which at the same time answers the purpose of a fixing agent for the size.
In this case I substitute, wholly or partially, the copper salt for the aluminous salt
already particularly referred to. I employ the sulphate of copper almost without
exception, and I generally substitute from one half to two thirds of cupreous salt
for the same quantity of the aluminous salt.
Instead of proceeding in the manner more particularly described in the foregoing
I may produce more or less waterproof paper, boards, or allied materials in any
shape, by saturating or impregnating porous paper or boards, or other more or less
porous felted material, with a composition or size of a resinous, oily, tarry, or
similar nature, prepared by saponifying these substances with an alkali and acting
upon the same with certain chemical agents for the purpose of rendering the size
insoluble; proceeding substantially in the following manner:-I saponify the
resinous, fatty, oleaginous or other matters in the common manner ordinarily
employed in soap making; I precipitate the soap so formed by means of
an acid; I wash the precipitate and then re-dissolve it by means of caustic
ammonia. Thus may employ and treat common rosin alone, or a combina-
tion of rosin with pitch, tars, fatty or oleaginous matters:-For instance,
a good average composition consists of ths rosin, and th tallow, or its equiva-
lent, to which a small proportion of an oleaginous matter may be added, such
as 10% or thereabouts of turpentine, if a more pliant size is required. The
resulting soap is precipitated by means of an acid, such as hydrochloric or
sulphuric, the precipitate is well washed and is then re-dissolved in water under
heat, liquid ammonia being added until a perfect solution is effected. I dilute
the composition with water to make it sufficiently limpid to enable it to penetrate
the porous material, or according to the amount of sizing to be applied. I
apply the sizing composition in any convenient manner by saturating or other-
wise treating the porous paper or other allied material and then drying the treated
*material. Such material softens under heat, the resinous particles agglutinating,
and it may be readily formed or pressed in moulds; smoothed or flattened or other-
wise treated under heat.
Instead of proceeding as just described I may prepare the sizing ingredients
directly with caustic ammonia, but not with such practical results. This method
may apply to cominon rosin, preferably by powdering the rosin, mixing it
with water to a semi liquid condition and then adding liquid ammonia in a
proportion of about th of the dry weight of the rosin or until the latter is
thoroughly dissolved, and I also more generally add a fatty or oleaginous matter
such as petroleum, turpentine, castor oil, or the like in a proportion of 5 to 10%.
The solution is then heated and diluted with water according to the require-
ments and is employed as described in the former case.
For the purpose of
imparting greater firmness or stability to the two resinous sizing compositions
just described I can combine therewith a small proportion of animal glue, such
as about one fourth or thereabouts to the resinous and fatty matters employed.
In this case I generally add a chromic salt to the prepared composition in a
proportion of 10 to 15% or thereabouts to the dry weight of the glue employed.
I generally employ the bichromate of potash preferably in a state of solution
and rendered slightly alkaline by means of ammonia.
I may further treat the material manufactured substantially as described in the
foregoing, or material manufactured substantially under my Patent 12,19088, or
analogous materials, in the following ways.
Where great hardness density and compactness are desirable, I subject the
'material to a strong pressure, preferably under heat, and I may explain bere
that the more oleaginous matter, such as petroleum or tar has been employed
in the process of manufacture, the softer the material becomes under heat, and
the more compressible it will be.

page_text: For purposes where great rigidity is desirable: or if I desire to make very
thick material, applicable to numerous purposes, but more particularly to building
and allied purposes: I join two or more sheets or layers by means of a suitable
cement.
For this purpose I prefer to employ animal glue or its equivalent, to which
I add a chemical-agent or composition, which renders the glue insoluble when
dry, and I now proceed to describe some of the compositions more particularly
suitable for this purpose:-
Composition No. 1. I dissolve about 1 lb. of animal glue or its equivalent
in about 1 gallon of water. I also dissolve 1 to 2 oz. or thereabouts of chrome
alum in about 2 pints of water, and I mix this with the glue. If it is desirable
to impart a certain degree of toughness to the glue, I also add a small quantity
of sugar or other saccharine matter, or glycerine (the latter being preferred)
from 5 to 10% being sufficient to take off the brittleness of the glue. Where,
however, rigidity is an object, as for building purposes generally, no glycerine is
employed. The proportion of glycerine determines the suppleness of the glue,
and it may therefore he employed according to the requirements.
Composition No. 2. I dissolve animal glue, or its equivalent, in any desirable
quantity of water and I generally add thereto from 10 to 20% of glycerine
(more may be employed as before explained) I make a solution of a chromic
salt, and I employ the bichromate of potash almost without exception; I may
employ the bichromate alone, but I generally employ it in combination with
another metallic salt, such as sulphate of copper or alum; employing from 7
to 10% of the chromic salt to the weight of the dry glue, and about an equal
proportion of the other metallic salt. To such chemical solution I add liquid
ammonia until the solution is neutral or slightly alkaline, and, in the case of a
cupreous salt, I add the ammonia until the precipitate formed is re-dissolved. I
then add the mixture to the glue solution, and thoroughly mix the ingredients.
Composition No. 3. I take a resinous matter, more generally cominon rosin,
and I saponify the same by means of ammonia.
For this purpose I generally powder the resinous matter, and I mix it into a
stiff paste with liquid ammonia, and I also generally add thereto an oleaginous
substance, such as petroleum, in a proportion of 15 to 30% or thereabouts, a
proportion of about 20% being the most usual.
I dissolve animal glue, or its equivalent, in any desirable quantity of water,
and I generally add thereto from 10 to 20% of glycerine (or more as before
explained) I mix the resinous matter with the glue under heat.. I make a
solution of a chromic salt as before described employing the bichromate of potash
almost without exception, sometimes alone, but more generally in combination
with another metallic salt, preferably alum. I usually employ from 10 to 12%
or thereabouts of each salt to the entire dry mass of sizing matter or a some-
what smaller proportion of the bichromate, and a correspondingly larger proportion
of the other salt.
To this chemical solution 'I add liquid ammonia, until the solution is neutral or
preferably slightly alkaline, and I incorporate this chemical solution with the
sizing solution.
may employ the resins and glues in various proportions, but
more generally in about equal parts; and I wish it to be understood that I can
combine with the resins a variety of fatty matters, as for instance, olive or similar
oil for inodorous purposes, and in the case of such oils I usually employ somewhat
smaller proportions than I would of petroleum. For some purposes I may employ
a terpene, such as terpentine as the oleaginous matter. As a rule I wish to remark
here the larger the proportion of animal glue the more tenacious the size; on the
other hand the larger the proportion of resinous and oleaginous matter the more
plastic such composition is capable of becoming under heat, a property useful for
many purposes as will appear from subsequent explanation.
Composition No. 4. This is substantially the same as the foregoing No. 3
with the omission of the ammonia: to the chemical solution, so that the acid-salts

page_text: precipitate the alkaline size. In this case the chromic salt is always used in com-
bination with another acid salt such as alum or with an acid.
Composition No. 5. Instead of saponifying the resinous matter by means of
aminonia I can saponify it in the ordinary manner, such as with soda, adding fatty
and oleaginous substances as required. I then precipitate this soap by means of an
acid such as hydrochloric or sulphuric, and I then wash the precipitate well, as
herein already before described.
I mix the precipitated resinous matter with animal glue or its equivalent under
heat in any proportion according to the requirements but more usually in equal
parts.
I make a solution of a chromic salt, employing the bichromate of potash almost
without exception in a proportion of about 10 per cent. of the whole mass of sizing
matter (dry) and I add liquid ammonia until the solution becomes alkaline.
may employ the bichromate alone, but I usually employ it with an equal
proportion of another metallic salt preferably alum. I mix the chemical solution
with the size, and I also usually add glycerine, as before described, to the glue, before
it is mixed with any of the other ingredients referred to.
I may combine a great variety of fatty oleaginous or tarry substances with the
resin in this composition, saponifying these substances with the resin. More generally
a simple composition of resin and petroleum is employed, the latter in a proportion
For some. purposes
may
of 15 to 30 per cent. to the dry weight of the rosin.
substitute certain kinds of pitch, such as that obtained from wood tar, for a part of
the rosin, particularly when the material is to be plastic under heat, the pitch
combined with a fatty or oleaginous matter becoming more doughy under heat than
the rosin. The amount of the resinous fatty and oleaginous inatters in the compo
sition determines the latter's plasticity under heat and the larger the proportion of
fatty and oleaginous matters the more readily the composition softens under heat.
Composition No. 6. Instead of a resinous matter as a basis, as in the preceding
case, I may substitute for the same an oil such as linseed oil, proceeding exactly
in the same way, that is-I saponify the linseed oil, then precipitate it by means
of an acid. then wash this precipitate well and mix it with animal glue or its
equivalent, more generally in a proportion of 25 per cent. of oil to the dry weight
of the glue, and I also usually add glycerine as before described. I make a solution
of a chromic salt, employing the bichromate of potash in a proportion of 7 to
10 per cent. of the whole mass of sizing matter, and I add liquid ammonia until the
solution becomes alkaline. I may employ the bichromate alone but I usually employ it
I mix the
with an equal proportion of another metallic salt, more generally alum.
chemical solution with the size.
In the same way as just described I can incorporate a variety of fatty and
oleaginous matters with the glue.
For the purpose of imparting antiseptic properties to the compositions just
described under the numbers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 other than those the ingredients
already possess, I add a small percentage of carbolic or salicylic acid.
Any of the compositions herein before described or referred to under the Nos. 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 and 6 may be applied to the surfaces to be joined, but more particularly
the compositions numbered 1. 2. 3 and 5, or such similar or equivalent compositions,
but preferably those Nod. 1 and 2, and, in the case of a resinous composition, it is
to be understood that the larger the proportion of animal glue, the stronger will be
the adhesion of the surfaces. The material is then subjected to pressure to
insure a perfect union of the layers and it is afterwards dried in any convenient
manner.
I may also sometimes surface the material in a variety of ways, for instance
material intended for building purposes I may paint with colors, tars, pitch, or the
like, or with silicious solutions, such as silicate of soda with lime, in cases where fire-
proof properties are desirable. Or I can coat the surfaces with any of the compo-
sitions of animal glue herein described or equivalent compositions, or I can line the
surfaces with paper, or such like material, employing as the medium for attaching

page_text: the paper any of the before described glue compositions, or their equivalents,
but more particularly the compositions numbered 1. 2. 3 and 5; and I prefer to
saturate the paper with which the material is to be lined as thoroughly as possible
with the composition.
The glutinous compositions herein described may further serve to join or fix
materials manufactured substantially as herein described, for instance, in employing
the material for building or allied purposes, the compositions referred to may serve
to attach the material to a backing of wood or otherwise, or to close the joints
by glueing a strip of paper or other suitable material over the joints or otherwise.
For these or similar purposes the composition Nod. 2 is the most suitable.
I wish it to be understood that in all cases where it is desirable that the glutinous
sizing composition substantially described under the numbers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6
should have vermin and rot proof properties, I generally employ a cupreous salt in
connection therewith such as sulphate of copper substantially as already herein-
before described; and I wish it to be understood that the employment of a cupreous
salt is more particularly applicable to the composition consisting of animal glue
alone, such as Nos. 1 and 2, the results not being so satisfactory when animal glue
is combined with resinous or fatty matters. In the latter case vermin proof
properties are imparted by the employment of petroleum in combination with the
resinous matter.
With the object of producing a more or less impermeable board, paper or the
like, possessing tougher or firmer characteristics than the material more particularly
described in the foregoing, and which will be applicable for many purposes, where
leather, soft or hard rubber or similar substances are at present employed. I satu-
rate or treat a porous fibrous material with a composition of a resinous, fatty, tarry,
or similar matter combined with animal glue or its equivalent, in proportions
according to the nature of the material to be produced; and for some purposes with
a composition consisting wholly of animal glue or its equivalent.
I employ such compositions, substantially prepared as herein already described,
under numbers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6, or their substantial equivalents, with which I saturate
or treat any suitable porous fibrous materials, according to the article to be
manufactured; and I produce a variety of useful products in the form of boards,
paper, tissues, or definitely shaped articles. For instance, with the object of
producing a so-called artificial or manufactured leather such as is at present made
from leather scraps agglutinated by means of starch or flour paste which usually
falls to pieces under the influence of damp and wet; I generally employ a resinous
sizing composition substantially as described under the numbers 3. 4 and 5 (more
generally the latter) varying the proportions of the ingredients according to the
nature and quality of the article to be produced; the most useful proportions being
equal parts of rosin and glue, and for purposes where the material is to be stronger
or tougher, I increase the proportions of glue up to a composition consisting purely
In all
of glue, employing preferably that substantially described under No. 2.
cases glycerine is added according to the suppleness desirable; it being understood
that the larger the proportion of glycerine the more supple the resulting material
will be.
If the material is to be afterwards compressed or moulded under heat, I employ a
resinous composition, as substantially referred to under Nos. 3, 4 and 5, with a
fatty or oleaginous matter, or a vegetable tar, or several of such substances combined.
The proportion of such fatty or oleaginous substances determining the degree of
plasticity the material assumes under heat.
I take leather scraps or waste leather, in any suitable formn, and I saturate the
same with the requisite sizing composition. I then roughly press out the superfluous
liquor, and I distribute the saturated matter, so as to form a board or sheet of any
desirable thickness, which I then press so as to cause a thorough agglutination, and
I then dry the material in any convenient way.
Instead of making the freshly saturated material into á sheet, I may press it, or

page_text: beat it into moulds, so as to assume any definite shape, such as heels for boots and
shoes, or any other form.
If the article to be produced is to have rot proof and antiseptic properties such
as would be useful for insoles for boots and shoes, and many other purposes, I mix
suitable chemicals or agents with the sizing composition, such as carbolic acid.
In the same or similar way I may treat other porous materials, such as unsized
paper or other fibrous materials for a variety of purposes.
Thus I may make very thick sheets suitable for a variety of mechanical and other
purposes, such as pump clacks, washers etc.: For instance I take paper preferably
unsized, of a quality according to the nature of the material to be produced, and I
saturate the same in any convenient manner with compositions prepared substantially
as described under the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and employing preferably the composi-
tions numbered 2 and 5, the latter more generally if the material is to be plastic
under heat when dry.
I join sheet upon sheet of the saturated or treated material, or paste, so to speak,
sheet upon sheet by means of one of the aforesaid glutinous compositions until the
desired thickness has been attained.
The material so treated is then pressed between sheets or greased metal plates.
It is then dried in the same or similar manner as ordinary millboards, and it may
subsequently be rolled or otherwise prepared according to the different purposes
intended.
Instead of forming the layers in flat sheets as just described, they may be put
into any definite shape over a mould or a frame, and thus hats, helmets, and the
like; slippers, light boats, or any other hollow article may be made.
I may also apply the process to the making of flexible type, decorative material
with raised or sunk designs, and the like, by saturating a suitable fibrous material,
or macerating paper pulp with one of the glutinous sizing compositions described
and then pressing it into the desirable shape; thus, taking a matrix in which the
designs or letters are sunk; I first thoroughly oil the same, I then apply sheet upon
sheet of a strong fine paper, more or less saturated with one of the glutinous sizing
compositions referred to, more particularly the compositions uumbered 2. 3. 5. 6.
I beat the saturated substance into the mould with a brush, or force it in with a
sponge or otherwise. I then dry the material preferably on or in the mould.
Or, I may make a material of one or more layers saturated with one of the
glutinous sizing compositions containing resinous fatty matters, and then emboss the
same under beat when dry, it being understood that the larger the proportions of
resinous with oleaginous and fatty matters the more plastic the material becomes
under heat.
Instead of building the material saturated with the glutinous sizing compositions
into thick boards or otherwise, as just described, I may prepare a more or less
waterproof and impermeable material consisting of a single layer.
For this purpose I simply saturate a suitable porous material such as unsized
paper, with the compositions prepared substantially as described under Nos. 2, 3, 5, 6,
choosing the material and the composition according to the nature of the article to
be produced.
Thus where cheapness is an object and also if the material is to have plastic
properties under heat, employ a composition of a resinous matter with animal
glue or its equivalent such as prepared substantially as described under the Nos. 3
and 5 and in this instance I generally employ a terpene more generally common
turpentine as the oleaginous matter to be combined with the composition, thus
forming a mixture of rosin, turpentine, and animal glue, and also most generally
glycerine, and the chemicals described for the purpose of rendering the size
insoluble and consisting of bichromate, rendered slightly alkaline by means of
ammonia. In this case the chromic salt is preferably employed without the
addition of another metallic salt. The turpentine is usually employed in the pro-
portion of 20 to 30 per cent. to the dry weight of the rosin and I may sometimes

page_text: employ therewith a small proportion of a fatty matter such as soap, in which case
I usually decrease the proportion of the turpentine accordingly. This composition
I will call for the sake of distinction, No. 7.
For finer or more delicate purposes or in cases where the resinous, or fatty matters
are undesirable, I employ a composition consisting entirely of animal glue 'or 'its
equivalent, such as the composition prepared substantially as herein described 'under
No. 2.
If the article to be produced is to have vermin and rot-proof properties, I
employ a composition prepared substantially as herein described under No. 2, 'in
combination with a cupreous salt, or substantially equivalent composition.
The porous fibrous materials are saturated or treated in any convenient manner
with the sizing compositions and they are then dried and afterwards seasoned for a
few days.
I will remark here, and as a guidance in all cases, that, in a composition in which
animal glue or its equivalent is present, the addition of another metallic salt, such
as alum, besides the chromic salt, is of great assistance in rendering the size
insoluble. But if resinous, fatty, or such like substances, are 'employed in com-
bination with the gelatinous matter, and if such substances predominate, the
aluminous hydrate is apt to curdle the size, thus rendering it less suitable 'for
In such cases
the purpose of saturating a dense material of close texture.
the bichromate composition is therefore employed with better 'results without 'the
álum.
The principle just described may be applied to a great variety of purposes, and
I will particularly mention the building of light boats, to which reference has
'already been made under another part hereof. Also for stopping leaks and
otherwise repairing boats, or for similar purposes. Thus, taking a waterproofed
material, such as a paper made as described in the earlier part hereof, or by a
substantially si inilar method, or waterproofed by any other suitable means, I join
layer upon layer, of such material, over a frame or form, by means of the glutinous
sizing compositions prepared substantially as herein described under the Nos. 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7; but preferably a composition consisting entirely of animal glue such
The
as the composition prepared substantially as herein described under No. 2.
employment of cupreous salts in connection with the waterproofing 'and 'aggluti-
nating compositions, in the manner as herein before described, is particularly
advantageous in this case, as the article is thereby made rot-proof or nearly so.
Having now particularly described and ascertained, the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
iin
1st. The manufacture of more or less waterproof or impermeable material in
the form of boards, paper, blocks, sheets, moulded or other articles, substantially
as herein described.'
2nd. The manufacture of more or less vermin and rot proof material sub-
stantially as herein described.
3rd. In combination with the manufacture of waterproof materials as aforesaid,
the application and use of a material in the form of paper, boards, blocks, or
hollow articles of any definite shape, consisting of two or several sheets or layers
of a paper, or other felted or analogous material, or a combination of such
materials, the sheets or layers being joined or agglutinated by means of an
insoluble glutinous composition substantially as and for the purposes herein
'described.
4th. In combination as aforesaid the application and use of a porous fibrous
material, rendered more or less waterproof or impermeable, by means of certain
compositions prepared substantially as and for the purposes herein described under
the Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
5th. In combination as aforesaid the application and use of a material in any
form consisting of leather scraps or disintegrated leather waste, saturated and
B

page_text: agglutinated with an insoluble glutinous composition, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described.
6th. In combination as aforesaid, the application and use of a material surfaced
with paper or similar substance, such substance being attached by means of
animal glue or its equivalent, with or without resinous or other matters and
rendered insoluble,-substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
7th. In combination as aforesaid, the application and use of a material coated
with animal glue, or its equivalent, rendered insoluble, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described.
fabric
8th. In combination as aforesaid, the application and use of a material
possessing plastic properties under heat, and consisting of a fibrous
substantially herein described, treated with It resinous or similar sizing
composition, substantially prepared by the method herein described under the Nos. 3,
and 5, or any material parts thereof.
9th. In combination as aforesaid, the application and use of a material
manufactured substantially as herein described, more particularly a material
treated with a sizing composition consisting of animal glue of its equivalent, a
resinous matter with an oleaginous matter, compressed moulded or embossed under
.heat.
10th. The application, to building or analogous purposes, of boards or paper
consisting to a large extent, or entirely, of light or porous peat matters, and sized
with a suitable sizing composition substantially of a character, as herein described.
11th. The application to building or analogous purposes of boards, or paper
consisting to a large extent or entirely of a porous substance more or less saturated
or impregnated with a waterproofing sizing composition, substantially as herein
described.
12th. The application, to building or analogous purposes, of boards or paper,
consisting of two or more sheets of material, substantially manufactured as herein
described, or analogous material, joined by means of an insoluble cement, more
particularly consisting of animal glue, with or without resinous or other matters,
and rendered insoluble by chemical means.
13th. The application to building or analogous purposes, of boards or paper,
manufactured substantially as herein described or analogous material, surfaced with
paper or similar substance, substantially as herein described.
14th. The application to building or analogous purposes of boards or paper,
manufactured substantially as herein described, or analogous material, coated, with
animal glue, with or without resinous or other matters, rendered insoluble by
chemical means.
15th. The application of material, manufactured substantially as hereinbefore
described, for soles, and heels of boots and shoes and other purposes where leather
is usually employed; and for purposes herein enumerated.
16th. In combination as aforesaid the application and use of compositions
prepared as herein described under the numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, or material
parts thereof, in connection with the matters herein referred to, or such
compositions interchanged or varied in any way, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described.
17th. In combination with manufactures as aforesaid th application and use of
the composition herein described as No. 1 substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
18th. In combination as aforesaid, the application and use of a glutinous
composition, with which a cupreous salt has been combined substantially as and for
the purposes herein before described.