IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INDURATION OF STONE, CEMENT, STUCCO, BRICK, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS MATERIALS,
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Fédor de Wyldé, of Trinity Square, Tower Hill, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
INDURATION OF STONE, CEMENT, STUCCO, BRICK, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS MATERIALS,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fédor de Wyldé at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
October 1863. .
I, FEDOR DE WYLDE, of Trinity Square, Tower Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE INDURATION OF STONE, CEMENT, STUCCO, BRICK, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS
MATERIALS, ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of the soluble silicate of soda or potash
in combination with a neutral solution of alumina (otherwise known as a
solution of alumina in an allotropic condition). I prefer, however, the
addition of a neutral salt of lead for the more ready production of the
aluminous solution, and for the retention of the alumina in solution for a
longer period of time.
The manner of preparing this solution of alumina is described in most
manuals of chemistry, but I may add that for my purpose it is not necessary

page_text: to remove any excess of lead, as this metal combines with the silica and
presents other advantages before mentioned.
The method I adopt in carrying out my Invention is as follows:-I first
saturate the stone, bricks, cement, or other material to be operated upon with
the neutral solution of alumina (or of alumina and lead). When dry, or
nearly so, I apply the solution of soluble silicate of soda or potash, which
solution combines with that first applied, forming a silicate of alumina (or a
double silicate of alumina and lead), tbus securing to the surface so treated
great durability, and the capability of resisting the action of moisture, carbonic
acid, and all atmospheric influences. The process may be repeated as often
as may be found necessary for the complete induration of the material to
which the solutions are applied.
In the manufacture of artificial stone I employ sand, chalk, and lime,
separately or in combination with the silicate of soda or potash of heavy
specific gravity, which are kneaded together with the solution of alumina (or
alumina and lead) into blocks of any required size or shape, which are allowed
to become dry and hard. The solution of alumina may also be applied sub-
sequently to the kneading or mixing of the sand, chalk, and lime with the
silicate of soda or potash, in which case the solution is applied when the
blocks have become sufficiently dry and absorbent for the purpose.
Claim. I claim the use of the aluminous solution (or the aluminous
solution with lead) before described in combination with the soluble silicate
for the purposes and in the manner herein-before mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Fédor de Wyldé in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, TÉDOR
DE WYLDE, of Trinity Square, Tower Hill, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
I, the said Tédor de Wyldé, Her special licence that I, the said Tédor
de Wylde, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Tédor de Wyldé, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any

page_text: time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE INDURATION OF STONE, CEMENT, STUCCO, BRICK, OR OTHER ANALAGOUS MATERIALS,
ALSO IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Tédor de Wyldé, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Tédor de Wyldé, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention consists in the use of the soluble selicate of soda or potash
in combination with an aqueous solution of alumina (otherwise known as a
solution of alumina in an allotropic condition).
The manner of preparing this solution of alumina is described in most
manuals of chemistry, but I may add for my purpose it is not absolutely
necessary to remove any excess of lead, as this metal also combines with the
silica and facilitates the manufacture, and aids in the permanence of the
aqueous solution of alumina. It will be seen by the use of an aqueous
solution of alumina I avoid the excess of alkali an alkaline solution would
naturally produce, and the production of a soluble salt which would result
from an acid solution, with the disadvantage generally accompanying a
solution other than an aqueous one.
The method I adopt in carrying out my Invention is as follows:-I first
saturate the stone, bricks, cement, or other material to be operated upon with
the aqueous solution of alumina (or of alumina and lead). When dry, or
nearly so, I apply the solution of soluble silicate of soda or potash, which
solution combines with that first applied, forming a silicate of alumina (or a
double silicate of alumina and lead), thus securing to the surface so treated
great disability, and the capability of resisting the action of moisture, carbonic
acid, and all atmospheric influences. The processes may be repeated as often
as may be found necessary for the complete induration of the material to
which the solutions are applied.
In the manufacture of artificial stone I mix sand, chalk, lime, or other

page_text: anologaus substances to be concreted with a silicate of soda or potash of heavy
specific gravity; this mixture or pug is then kneaded with the aqueous
solution of alumina, or alumina and lead) into blocks of any required size or
shape, which are allowed to become dry and hard. The aqueous solution of
alumina may also be applied subsequently to the kneading or mixing of the
sand, chalk, or lime, or other analagous substances to be concreted with the
silicate of soda or potash, in which case the solution is applied when the blocks
have become sufficiently dry and absorbent for the purpose. In some cases 1
find it advisable to reverse the order of precedence, and use the aqueous
solution of alumina (or alumina and lead) in mixing or pugging up the
materials to be concreted, and subsequently apply the silicate of soda or
potash by kneading or saturation, according as circumstances may require.
I claim the use of the aqueous solution of alumina (or the aqueous solution
of alumina with lead) before described, in combination with the soluble
silicates of soda or potash, for the purposes and in the manner herein-before
mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Tédor de Wyldé, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
RICHARD SILVESTER,
13, Warwick Court, Gray's Inn.
FEDOR DE WYLDE. (L.S.)