Improvements in and connected with Burners for Incandescent Gas Lighting.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 19th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Burners for Incandescent Gas
Lighting.
I, MAURICE MARMUSE, of 26, Rue Notre Dame, Mons, Belgium, Student, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to gas incandescent burners and its principal
object is a blow-burner intended to effectuate the complete combustion of the
gas and which for this purpose, is fed with compressed air or other gas promoting
combustion, by a special compresser.
This Bunsen is composed of an ordinary Bunsen burner, or the like, provided,
at its upper part, with a wire-gauze and, at its lower part with a blow-pipe fitted
in the cylindrical part which leads into the mixing chamber of the burner.
The blow-pipe is composed of two concentric tubes terminating in cones at the
extremities which are fitted in the interior of the burner; the smaller of the
said concentric tubes serving to lead the compressed air or other gas promoting com-
bustion and the larger one to lead the combustion gas.
The compressed air, on leaving its tube, draws the combustion gas coming
through the other tube and the atmospheric air which penetrates into the burner
through the air-holes. These gases mix together and the quantity of air or
other gas promoting combustion with which the combustible is thus supplied is
sufficient to obtain a perfect combustion of this latter.
With this burner the blower may be of any suitable form whatever and, if
necessary be independent of the burner; morover the form of the burner tube may
vary and widen out, or this same tube may be formed of sockets of increasing
diameters, fitted on one another and provided with several series of air-holes, or
be completely without air-holes. The wire-gauze of the burner may be convex
instead of flat, and be provided with a disk at its centre; it may also be sup-
pressed, at the same time preserving the disk or a piece of tube suspended above
the burner to widen its flame.
This blower may be worked by vapour or other fluids as well as by compressed
air, and the tube which leads the compressed air or the vapour may be itself
provided with holes for drawing in the atmospheric air; moreover the ordinary
incandescent mantle may be substituted by a mantle which is open at its upper
end to facilitate the disengaging of the flame.
The compression of the air or of the other gas promoting combustion may be
obtained by means of a compressing apparatus composed of a crescent shaped
tube containing a liquid having a density suited to the pressure to be obtained.
This crescent-shaped tube is fixed on a rotary horizontal axle, and its extremi-
ties are connected by two flexible tubes with distributing boxes, in which ordinary
suction and delivery valves are fitted, or any other suitable distributing organs.
When an oscillation movement is communicated to the crescent-shaped tube,
the liquid which it contains always returns, owing to its weight, to the lower
part of the tube, at the same time producing the suction of the gas into one of
the ends of the tube and into the other end, the compression of the gas previously
drawn in may be arranged on the same axle and these tubes are connected in
such a way that the suction of one of them communicates with the delivery of

page_text: the foregoing one, and its delivery communicates with the suction of the following
one.
The compression of the gas promoting combustion may also be obtained by
means of a hydro pneumatic injector. This apparatus is composed of a water
feeding pipe under pressure, terminating in a conical adjutage, having an opening
of small diameter and which leads into a second tube with a comparatively much
greater diameter and which is provided with holes for drawing in the atmos-
pheric air; this second tube itself has its other end in a gas tank provided with
a cock for the flowing of the water, and with a tube for disengaging the com-
pressed gas.
The water under pressure leaves the conical adjutage of the first tube in the
form of a thin jet which, in the second tube, draws the atmospheric air through
the holes made, ad hoc, in the side of the outer tube and draws this air into
the tank, from where it is lead to the burners.
To maintain the constant pressure, the water cock is regulated in such a way
that the quantity of liquid which flows out is equal to that which enters, so that
the water-level remains constant.
This result may be obtained automatically by fixing at the mouth of the water-
flowing tube, a reversed-cone valve, the base of which bears a float which follows
the variations of the water-level, and consequently leaves a free passage for the
water which varies according to the height of the water-level in the tank.
With the view of increasing the yield of the apparatus the outside tube is
provided with a series of holes preceding the air holes and intended for the
introduction into this same tube, of supplementary water coming from any source
whatever and which is drawn, at the same time as the air, by the driving water-
jet coming from the adjutage.
The supplementary water and air-holes may be arranged successively or alter-
nately in several series and each circular series may be provided with a conical
adjutage placed in the interior of the tube, the object of which is to guide the
supplementary water or air.
The relative shape and arrangement of the two injector tubes may vary
according to a great many combinations but the principle of the apparatus, con-
sisting in projecting a thin working jet of water into a tube of a relatively much
larger diameter, provided with suction holes for supplementary water and air,
remains the same.
On the other hand the supplementary water may be supplied in any other
suitable way, for example, by surrounding the holes of the tube with a socket
communicating with any water pipe or through which the discharge water of
the tank comes.
When this discharge water is desired to be used for any purpose whatever, it
is necessary to allow the reservoir to fill up almost completely, then it is emptied
to utilize the water it contains, but during this operation the working of the
injector is interrupted. To avoid this inconvenience the injector is provided
with two reservoirs, one of which fills up while the other empties.
To automatically regulate the feeding of the driving water or of any other
motive agent working the compressor, so as to obtain a consumption of this
latter proportionate to the discharge of compressed air, a regulating apparatus is
employed, which is composed of a receptacle provided with a water inlet-pipe
of an overflow pipe and of an escape pipe for the water, held fixed by any con-
trivance independent of the receptacle. This latter is suspended to a vertical rod
drawn upwards by a spring or a counterweight the vertical rod actuates the dis-
tribution organs of the motor or of the injector by means of any suitable
contrivance with a tappet fixed on the rod and which, in rising and descending
with it, comes into contact with levers fixed on the inlet-valves for the motive
water, vapour or the like, and causes the opening and shutting of these said valves.
The vertical movements of the rod are produced by the arrival of the injector
discharge-water into the receptacle. According as the receptacle fills it increases
in weight and descends, but at the same time the water escape valve opens, and

page_text: the water of the receptacle flows out until the weight of this latter has suffi-
ciently decreased and the action of the spring becomes preponderant and the
receptacle rises again with its suspension rod.
It is evident that all the afore-described apparatuses may serve as well for the
compression of any gas as for that of air, and that to obtain high pressures it
suffices to make the inhaled gas pass successively through several hydro-pneumatic
injectors or other compression apparatuses.
L. DUVINAGE,
Patent Agent, 8, Rue des Princes, Brussels, Belgium.
COMPLEIE DIECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Burners for Incandescent Gas
Lighting.
I, MAURICE MARMUSE, of 26, Rue Notre Dame, Mons, Belgium, Student, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
_
The present invention relates to gas burners with incandescent mantle, its
special object being to produce a new burner of this kind with a blow-pipe which
feeds it with air or any other combustion promoting gas compressed by special
appliances and intended to increase the illuminating power and heating power of
the flame.
With the burners used up to the present the combustion of the gas takes place
in a very imperfect manner in the surrounding atmosphere, on account of the
insufficient quantity of oxygen furnished to the flame which gives only a yellow
flame of low illuminating power, and which besides liberates in the form of smoke,
many particles of unburned carbon.
The use of the incandescent mantle has diminished these inconveniences, but
without entirely getting rid of them, while with the burner which is the subject
of the present invention the combustion of the gas is complete, and consequently
the illuminating and heating power of the flame is considerably increased.
This result is produced by injecting into the illuminating gas in proportion
to its consumption, a sufficient quantity of some oxydising and combustion pro-
moting gas which generally is air compressed for the purpose by special apparatus
and mixed with the illuminating gas by means of a blow-pipe which is an
integral part of the burner and which will with the compressing apparatus, be
more completely described in the course of the present description and specified
in the claims.
"
In the annexed drawing are represented, by way of example several forms of
construction of these apparatus.
Fig. 1, shows a vertical section of a Bunsen burner provided with an incan-
descent mantle and a blow-pipe.
Figs. 2, and 3, are detail views showing in longitudinal section other forms of
construction of the blow-pipe.
Fig. 4, shows an application of the blow-pipe differing from the preceding ones.
Figs. 5, and 6, shows modified Bunsen burners.
Fig. 7 is an elevation of an incandescent mantle.
Figs. S, and 9, are respectively front and plan views of a compression apparatus.
Fig. 10, is a distributing arrangement applicable to a compressing apparatus.
Fig. 11, is a vertical section of a hydro-pneumatic injector.
Fig. 12, shows the same apparatus with the addition of a supplementary supply
of water.

page_text: Fig. 13, is an automatic escape valve for the water reservoir, and
Fig. 14, represents a sketch of a regulator of the apparatus or of the com-
pression motor.
In these various figures, the same letters denote corresponding parts.
The burner represented in Fig. 1 is an ordinary Bunsen burner composed of.
a tube with metallic cloth 6 at its upper extremity and air-holes at its lower
part.
This burner is surmounted by an incandescent mantle & supported by wire e
which is fixed to tube a by a pressure-screw f; besides this, a blow-pipe is placed
in the lower cylindrical part of the burner to bring into the latter compressed
air, pure oxygen, or any other combustible gas for facilitating the combustion.
The blow-pipe is composed of two concentric tubes g, gl, terminating in form
of a cone at their internal extremities and one of which brings the gas and the
other the air or other combustion promoting gas.
The form of the blow-pipe may be varied and the tubes g, g¹, may be arranged
as represented in Fig. 2. In this case the tube introducing the gas opens into
the bottom of a box on the side of which opens the air-tube gl and the mixture
of the two gases penetrates into the burner by the tubulure fixed at the lower
part of this burner.
It is evident that the 2 tubes, for air and for gas can open into the bottom of
the box or into its side wall in any direction, in a word, the form and arrange-
ment of the tubes g, g¹, composing the blow-pipe, may be of any kind, the only
condition to be observed being to conduct into the burner, separate or mixed,
two gases, one of them burning and the other combustible and arriying there
under pressure.
E
In the burner shown in Fig. 1 the tube a can also be changed in form and be
widened as represented in Fig. 5, or can be composed of several tubes of increas-
ing diameter connected with one another as shown in Fig. 6; further, the tube a
of the Bunsen burner may be furnished, whatever its form, with several series of
air-holes c (Figs. 5, and 6), intended to facilitate combustion; these air-holes can
also be completely suppressed without inconvenience for this purpose it is
sufficient to give the tube g¹ one or several series of air-holes (Fig. 3) or to give
tube ga sufficiently large section to allow it to pass a sufficient quantity of burn-
ing gas to make the combustion of the combustible gas complete.
The blow-pipe, instead of being worked by compressed air or other burning gas,
may be worked by water-vapour but in this case the blow-pipe, instead of being
branched directly on the burner is introduced into the air and gas conduits as
represented in Fig. 4.
In this new arrangement of the blow-pipe the gas and air arrive respectively
by the tubes g, g in a box h whence, by a jet of water from a small conical
tube they are drawn into a widened tube which conducts them to a reservoir k
in which the water vapour condenses, liberating the mixture of air and gas, which
the tube conducts to the burner. This arrangement can work quite as well
with water under pressure as with water vapour.
In the burner above-described, the flat metallic cloth b may be replaced by a
curved metallic cloth or by a perforated plate of sheet-iron of the same form,
and further, this metallic cloth or plate may carry in its centre a metal disc,
flat or conical, fixed by a nut intended to spread the flame so as to increase its
contact with the atmosphere.
The metallic cloth can be done without while retaining the metallic disc
which produces a spread of the flame sufficient to hinder the gas from catching
fire at the emission opening; this disc may be replaced by a ring or by any
other arrangement giving the same result.
The result will be better still by replacing the incandescent mantle d which is
completely closed at its upper part by a mantle (Fig. 7) open at the same
extremity to facilitate the liberation of the flame.
-
The mantle & may have any convenient form and may be more or less open at

page_text: its upper part by which it is suspended by a thread of asbestos or by any other
suitable arrangement (Fig. 7).
The compression of the air or combustive gas may be produced by any suitable
compressing arrangement.
·7"
The arrangement of this kind shown in Figs. 8, and 9, is composed of a tube m
of crescent form containing a liquid of a density suitable to the pressure desired.
The tube m is fixed on an axle and its contained liquid tends always to occupy
its lower part whatever may be its position; further, the ends of the latter are
connected by tubes o, o¹, and flexible tubes p, p¹, with boxes q, q', in which are
placed the valves on the suction tubes and the expulsion tubes (Figs. 8 and 9).
It is clear that if an oscillatory motion is communicated to the tube m the liquid
contained in the latter will produce at each oscillation, the imbibition of the gas
in one of the ends of the tube and the expulsion of the gas received before, by
the other end and vice versa, that is to say that if, for instance, the oscillation
occurs in the direction indicated by the arrow (Fig. 8) the air will be sucked in
by o, p, q, and r, and will be expelled by o¹, p, q, and r', (Figs. 8 and 9).
To produce high pressures, several tubes m can be arranged on the same axle
and be joined together in such a way that the tube for expulsion r¹ of each of
them may be connected with the suction tube of the following apparatus.
The valves are of any kind and can be replaced for example by hydraulic
joints, as shown in sketch Fig. 10 in which the tube m is replaced by a pressure
cylinder with a piston s to facilitate the description.
The pressure cylinder communicates by the tube t and the tubes u, u¹, with
receivers v, vl, which contain a liquid of suitable density and are besides furnished
with 2 other tubes, ¹, the tube x is connected with a reservoir of compressed
airy intended to feed the burners.
The tubes u, ¹, open into the upper part of the receivers v, v¹, and the
tubes a, u¹, into their lower part in such a way that when the piston s in rising,
produces suction, the air arrives by a, v, u, t, and expels the water contained
in, while the air already compressed in y expels the water from ¹ into u¹ and
consequently cannot return towards s even if, in consequence of a momentary
diminution of driving power, the pressure be insufficient.
When the piston descends again to produce compression, the compressed air
expels the water from into ¹ and passes by t, u, v, l, to the air reservoir y,
at the same time in consequence of the pressure which passes into the water in
the latter is expelled into and cuts off all communication with the exterior
(Fig. 10).
To obtain high pressure without having recourse to columns of liquid of too
great height, in the tubes a u¹, the fluid is made to pass successively into several
apparatus similar to that of Fig. 10 and which are connected in such a way
that the fluid leaving by the tube al of a first apparatus enters into the second
by the tube and so on.
The final pressure thus obtained equals that which would find equilibrium .at
the sum of the heights of the liquid columns of the tubes of each apparatus.
To produce the compression of the air or burning gas a hydro-pneumatic
injector may also be used.
The injector of this kind shown in Fig. 11 is composed of a supply-pipe of
water terminating in a cone at the end which is placed in the interior of
the tube b which is furnished with lateral openings for the passage of air.
The tube b opens into a compression reservoir & containing water and having
a tape arranged so as to let flow as much water as arrives by the tube b.so as to
maintain the same level of water always in the reservoir .
The water under pressure arriving by the tube a² is thrown into the tube in a
thin jet which produces a draught of air through the holes and draws the air
5 into the reservoir d² where it is compressed.
To increase the return from the apparatus and obtain a greater pressure of air,
the tube b may be furnished with holes f preceding the holes and serving as

page_text: a passage for the water let into the mantle g² and sucked up by the jet in the
same way as the air (Fig. 12). The water thus introduced may come from any
source, supply pipe, discharge from the reservoir 2 etc. and is called supple-
mentary water, the water coming by the delivery a² being called the driving water.
The quantity of supplementary water sucked up depends on the relation between
the pressure of the driving water and that of the compressed air.
The supplementary water and the air may be guided into the tube & the conical
deliveries h being represented by dotted lines in Fig. 12; further, the number
of air-holes and supplementary water holes f is variable according to the
power of the machine; these holes may be placed in several circular rows, the
supplementary water-holes f preceding the air-holes or alternating with them.
The injectors represented in Fig. 11 and 12 are placed horizontally but they
could also be vertical, the driving water working upward or downward, more-
over, the form and respective position of the tubes a and b may be anything,
the principle of the machine remaining always the same. This principle rests
on the throwing of a jet of water under pressure following the axis of a delivery b
in communication with the atmosphere and with a reservoir of supplementary
water, this jet of water being very thin compared with that of the delivery 6 and
the supplementary water carried along together with the air for the purpose of
increasing the impulse of air.
According to circumstances the delivery may open into the external air,
the jet only entering the tube 6 which in this case has no need to be provided with
openings for air and supplementary water, these latter arriving by the end of
the tube b; or the two tubes a² and b may be united in one furnished with a
choke to reduce the jet as desired, or the two tubes could open into the same
box, in which the supplementary arrives etc., etc.
The arrival of the supplementary water can also be procured in other ways,
for example, by surrounding the part of the tube b which has holes f2 with a box
of any shape in which the water comes either by sinking the lower holes in the
water of the reservoir, the upper holes serving as air-holes, or in any other suitable
way.
In these injectors the flow of the discharged water is regulated by the tape
(Fig. 11) but to make the flow absolutely equal on the arrival of the water by the
tube 6 the tap could be replaced by an automatic valve represented in Fig. 13.
This valve is composed of a conical piston introduced partly into the tube k³
for evacuation of the water and furnished above with a float which follows the
variations of the level of the water in the reservoir and consequently opens or
shuts the outlet as the level rises or falls.
Instead of allowing the discharge water to flow away in proportion to the
arrival of the driving water and the supplementary water in the reservoir d² it
is possible by closing the tap e² to keep this water in the reservoir so as to utilize,
not only the volume of air introduced into the reservoir but also the volume of
water; it is then necessary to empty the reservoir before the level of the water has
risen to the tube 62 and there is necessarily an interruption in the work of the
injector during this operation.
To obviate this inconvenience, the injector is provided with 2 reservoirs d² one
of them filling while the other becomes empty and vice versa.
The taps e² for emptying the reservoirs can be turned by hand or automatically;
in the latter case it can be arranged by a float in each reservoir connected by
a suitable mechanism and acting with the rise and fall of the water level.
Another arrangement shown in Fig. 14 regulates automatically the entrance
of the motive power into the compressor or into the machine commanding the
compressor whatever may be the system so as to obtain the maximum return.
This regulator is composed of a receiver A of any form hung from a vertical
rod T which itself is suspended on an opposing spring O or it equipoised by a
balance-weight.
The receiver A has an overflow-pipe B, a waste-pipe S for water and a conduit D

page_text: ading into the receiver of the waste water from the motor of the compressor
he escape-pipe S is closed by valve S¹ fixed independently of the receiver A in
ny suitable manner.
The movements of the receiver may be transmitted by any known mechanism
o the regulating parts of the pressure motor for instance, by a cam or check K
ixed on the rod T and which, following the vertical movements of this rod, acts
on the lovers V, VI, which are fixed on the keys of the steam taps, water taps, etc.
according to the motive power, water turbine, steam engine or other motor."
If this mechanism is applied, for instance, to a hydropneumatic injector, the
discharge water from the injector will arrive by the tube D and will by its weight
weigh down the receiver A which by the rod T and the same or check moves the
levers V, VI, which work the injector taps, but at the same time that the receiver
descends the valve S¹ remains fixed, the escape opening in pipe
receiver A empties itself and is raised by the spring O and consequently works
again the levers V, V1.
is opened, the
These taps could also be automatically worked by suitable mechanism adapted
to the receiver of a gasometer.
In all the compressors described above, the gas which was supposed to be sub-
jected to pressure was simply air, but they can of course be used for compressing
any other gas.
The action of the above-described apparatus is as follows: the air or other com-
bustive gas is sucked in and then expelled under pressure by one of the compressors,
named, and the air thus compressed is led to the burner a into which it is intro-
duced by the blow-pipe which produces suction of the gas at the same time as a
draught of air which, combined with the action of the compressed air, produces
a complete combustion of the gas and consequently a light of great power is
obtained with a reduced expenditure of gas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1
1) In a burner for lighting with gas by incandescence, the combination with
the burner and incandescent mantle, of an upper metallic cloth, flat or rounded,
of a blow-pipe placed at the lower part of the burner to bring into the latter any
burning gas or air under pressure, and which, with or without the aid of the sur-
rounding atmosphere, produces complete combustion of the combustible gas drawn
into the blow-pipe by the air under pressure.
2) In a blow-pipe for a gas burner the following combination: two concentrio
tubes, the external one bringing air or other burning gas in a state of compression,
and the inside tube conducting the combustible gas sucked in by the burning gas.
0 3) A Bunsen burner with widened tube, or tube formed of successive tubes
coupled at the ends of one another and increasing in diameter from the lower
to the upper one, the said burners having one or several series of draught holes or
being quite without them.
4) In a burner for lighting with gas by incandescence the combination with
5 the burner proper of an incandescent mantle open at the top.
5) In combination with a burner for lighting with gas by incandescence, a com
pressor formed of a cross shaped tube, partly filled with a liquid of density suitable
to the pressure required and whose ends are connected by a flexible tubes with
suitable distribution valves for allowing suction and expulsion of the air or gas
50 when a movement of oscillation is communicated to the tube around its axle o
rotation; the valves of distribution (or feed-valves) of the said compressor bein
replaceable by closed receivers containing a liquid and connected with one anothe
and with the compressor in such a way as to form valves and hydraulic joint
(syphon joints).
55
6) In combination with a burner for lighting with gas by incandescence a hydro
pneumatic injector characterised by a tube terminating in a delivery-pipe whic

page_text: is then compared with a second tube having air or gas holes and concentric with
the first, which throws forward a jet of driving water which produces a draught of
air drawing this air through the second tube into a reservoir of air or other com-
pressed gas provided with an escape pipe for the gas and a discharge tap to let the
water flow in proportion as it enters, and thus to maintain the same level in the
reservoir.
Total : 101
1000
J. P. BAYLY,
18, Fulham Place, London, W., Agent for the Applicant.