IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STOVES, LAMPS, AND LANTERNS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Jones Duggan, of the City and County
of Bristol, Lamp Manufacturer and Oil Merchant, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STOVES, LAMPS, AND LANTERNS."
Sealed the 7th June 1870, and dated the 3rd January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Jones Duggan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd January 1870.
I FREDERICK JONES DUGGAN, of the City and County of Bristol,
Lamp Manufacturer and Oil Merchant, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STOVES, LAMPS, AND
LANTERNS," to be as follows;—
This Invention consists of certain arrangements and combinations of
parts and mechanism whereby portable stoves, lamps, and lanterns,.
capable of producing a considerable amount of heat and. light and of.
being easily managed can be economically constructed.
These improvements as applied to portable stoves may be first de-
.

page_text: material employed as a source of heat and light.
To the upper part
of the reservoir or vessel is fixed a rim or band of perforated metal,
and which forms the base of the stove. A metal plate, which is slightly
higher in the center than at the ends and having a small dome in the
middle, is placed so as to rest upon the perforated rim or band and to
reach from side to side thereof. A slot is formed in the dome through
which the flame passes, and also through which the air for its support
is drawn into the lamp. The wick is supported in the ordinary way
and is actuated by a wick winder. In order to bring the button or
handle of the wick winder outside the rim and the pinion below the
level of the top edge thereof, a jointed pinion is employed, which being
thrown back allows the wick winder to be screwed or unscrewed, and
when the winder is screwed in the pinion drops into a slot formed in
the rim. In order to replenish the reservoir with the oil or other
material employed whilst the wick is burning and without removing
the stove a supply tube furnished with a small funnel at the top thereof
is placed outside the rim and a metal plug is fitted to the tube, the
handle of which plug rises above the top of the funnel so that it can
be readily removed and replaced. If desired an opening provided with
a door is formed in the rim through which the wick may be lighted.
The external body of the stove is made of a cylindrical, conical, or
other suitable form, and in the interior thereof a few inches above the
flame is placed a slightly conical or convex plate of metal with an
aperture in its centre. Above this plate is placed an inverted cone
also formed of metal and having an aperture in the centre thereof,
through which the heated air from the flame passes.
From the top
of the stove body is suspended a vessel, by preference of the form of
an inverted cone, which is filled with water, pumicestone, or any other
suitable substance or material capable of retaining and radiating heat.
The last-mentioned vessel is made of such dimensions as to allow the
heated air to circulate around it, and at the top thereof a flange is placed
which rests on the body of the stove, such flange being sufficiently
perforated to allow the heated air to pass
out. Over the top of the vessel
is placed a cover large enough to cover the perforations in the flange, and
having a hole in its centre through which the hot air and steam (when
water is used in the vessel) may pass. A rim is placed inside the cover
and which catches the water. resulting from the condensation of the
steam and conveys it through a tube provided for that purpose to the
vessel. A rim or supports formed of or connected by means of some

page_text: substance which is a non-conductor or bad conductor of heat may be
attached to the stove body and separate from the reservoir, and the same
principle of construction or arrangement may be applied to various parts
of the stove.
Although metal has been herein-before mentioned as being used for
the construction of the body and other parts of the stove, other materials,
such as stoneware or ordinary earthenware, may be employed. In order
to prevent the air admitted to the inside of the stove from direct access
to the flame except by passing through the before-mentioned slot in the
transverse plate, a shield of metal or other suitable material is employed,
and by this means a more regular combustion is secured.. In order to.
ascertain when the flame requires regulating one or more pieces of glass
is or are inserted near the bottom of the body of the stove.
.
The stove herein-before described may be employed for heating tools
such as are required in various trades, and for this purpose an opening
is made in the body of the stove a little above the flame. In this
opening a tube or case is inserted, the same extending across the body
of the stove as far as is considered desirable, and forming a receptacle.
for the tools to be heated..
In cases in which this Invention is applied to the construction of
lamps and lanterns, the same arrangements as those before described
with reference to the reservoir and the appliances connected therewith
are employed, and in order to allow of the transmission of the required
amount of light, glass, either plane or consisting of convex lenses, may
be used.
For the production of heat and light for stoves, lamps, and lanterns
constructed in accordance with this Invention mineral oils and spirits
and also animal and vegetable oils may be employed.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick Jones Duggan, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Jones Duggan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Jones Duggan, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STOVES, LAMPS, AND LANTERNS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Jones Duggan, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Frederick Jones Duggan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to
say:
My said Invention consists of. certain arrangements and combinations
of parts and mechanism whereby portable stoves, lamps, and lanterns
capable of producing a considerable amount of heat and light and of
being easily managed can be economically constructed.
A
These improvements as applied to portable stoves may be first
generally described, but it must be understood that the details admit of
variation without affecting the main principles of construction.
metal reservoir or vessel is provided for the oil or other material
employed as a source of heat and light, To the upper part of the
reservoir or vessel is fixed a rim or band of perforated metal and which
forms the base of the stove. A metal plate, which is slightly higher in
the centre than at the ends and having a small dome in the middle, is

page_text: placed so as to rest upon the perforated rim or band so as to reach from
side to side thereof. A slot is formed in the dome through which the
flame passes, and also through which the air for the support of the flame
is drawn into the lamp. The wick is supported in the ordinary way and
is actuated by a wick winder. In order to bring the button or handle
of the wick winder outside the rim and the pinion below the level of the
top edge thereof a jointed pinion is employed, which being thrown back
allows the wick winder to be screwed or unscrewed, and when the
winder is screwed in the pinion drops into a slot formed in the rim. In
order to replenish the reservoir with the oil or other material employed
whilst the wick is burning and without removing the stove a supply
tube furnished with a small funnel at the top thereof is placed outside
the rim and a metal.plug is fitted to the tube, the handle, of which plug
rises above the top of the funnel so that it can be readily removed and
replaced. If desired an opening provided with a door is formed in the
rim through which the wick may be lighted. The external body of the
stove is made of a cylindrical, conical, or other suitable form, and in the
interior thereof a few inches above the flame is placed a slightly conical
or convex plate of metal with an aperture in its centre. Above this
plate is placed an inverted cone, also formed of metal, and having an
aperture in the centre thereof through which the heated air from the
flame passes.
From the top of the stove body is suspended a vessel, by
preference in the form of an inverted cone, which is filled with water,
pumicestone, or any other suitable substance or material capable of
retaining and radiating heat. The last-mentioned vessel is made of such
dimensions as to allow the heated air to circulate around it, and at the
top thereof a flange is placed which rests on the body of the stove, such
flange being sufficiently perforated to allow the heated air to pass out.
Over the top of the vessel is placed a cover large enough to cover the
perforations in the flange, and having a hole in its centre through
which the hot hot air and steam (when water is used in the vessel) may
pass, A rim is placed inside the cover, and which catches the water
resulting from the condensation of the steam and conveys it through a
tube provided for that purpose to the vessel. A rim or supports formed
t
of or connected by means of some substance which is a non-conductor
or bad conductor of heat may be attached to the stove body and separate
from the reservoir, and the same principle of construction or arrange-
ment may be applied to various parts of the stove.

page_text: Although metal has been herein-before mentioned as being used
for the body and other parts of the stove, other materials, such as
stoneware or ordinary earthenware, may be employed. In order to
prevent the air admitted into the interior of the stove from direct access
to the flame, except by passing through the before-mentioned slot in the
transverse plate, a shield of metal or other suitable material is employed,
and by this means a more regular combustion is secured. In order to
ascertain when the flame requires regulating one or more pieces of glass
is or are inserted near the bottom of the body of the stove, and through
which the flame may be observed.
The stove herein-before described may be employed for heating tools,
such as are required in various trades, and for this purpose an opening is
made in the body of the stove a little above the flame. In this opening
a tube or case is inserted, the same extending across the body of the
stove as far as considered desirable, and forming a receptacle for the tools
to be heated.
I will now proceed to refer to the annexed Drawings, from which
the details and particulars of my said Invention, as substantially em-
braced by the foregoing description, will be more fully and clearly
understood. In the several Figures the same letters of reference refer
to similar parts.
•
Figure 1 represents in elevation a stove suitable for warming rooms
and for similar or analogous purposes; Figure 2 shews the same in vertical
section arranged so as to be supplied with one flame; Figure 3 is a plan
view shewing the arrangement of the reservoir A, the supply tube B,
the cup C, and the plug D, standards E, and handles F, projections on
standards G, pieces of metal fitting to projections on the standards are
shewn at H, perforated metal rim I, bottom rim of stove body K,
shield to fit the top of the oil reservoir L and the frame for holding glass
and tale Q; Figure 4 is a plan of the cone plate J shewing the arrange-
ments of the cone M and plate or shield P. The oil or other combustible
fluid used as the source of heat is supplied to the reservoir A by means
of the supply tube B, to which it is readily conducted by the cup C, and
the plug D with the handle rising above the cup closes the end of the
tube B, and can be readily removed and replaced while the stove is in
In most cases a small opening is made in the plug D so as to
allow air to pass through to fill the reservoir as the combustible material
use.

page_text: is diminished by burning.
Instead of the whole of the reservoir being
made to hold oil or other combustible material a smaller reservoir may
be used fitting into A, as shewn by dotted lines at A, A, in Figure 2,
and in that case perforations may be made in A to allow air to circulate
around the inner reservoir. In constructing stoves in which a large
number of flames is to be used, in order to provide an adequate supply
of combustible fluid and to prevent the same from becoming unduly
heated, 1 place a small reservoir under each wick holder, and connect
each such reservoir by means of tubes with a main reservoir outside
of A, the remaining space inside A being made to receive a supply of
cold water, or the reservoir A may be made sufficiently large to hold an
adequate supply of combustible fluid, and tubes may be placed inside
the same communicating with the outside of A, and through which
tubes cold water may be allowed to pass. The perforated metal rim I
is fixed on A, but comes into contact therewith only at those points at
which it is fixed thereto, as shewn in Figure 1. Upon A I fix two or
more standards E with handles F at the top, and fix a projection G, as
shown in Figures 1 and 3, upon the inside of each standard and upon
the external body K, K, or when the latter is dispensed with upon the
cone 2, 1 fix pieces of metal H, which fit to or correspond with the
projections G, and I place them so that the upper part of the stove
cannot be removed except by lifting it vertically. The standards E and
handles F thus form a means of keeping the upper part of the stove in
its position and of carrying the same while heated or otherwise. The
cone plate J in Figures 2 and 4, and J, J, in Figure 5 rests upon
the rini I. The cone plate J is formed as shewn in Figures 2 and 4,
and the cone plate J, J, as shown in Figure 5.
The same may
respectively be of any required size and shape, and a layer of cork
or other non-conductor of heat may be placed between the upper
and lower parts so as to prevent contact. The rims K and I instead
of being made separate may be made in one or joined together, and
the cone plate J fitted or attached to it, the rim I being made to
rest on A, as in Figures 1 and 2, or may be made so as to fit to the
bottom of A.. By the arrangements observed in J, J, Figure 5, the
heat must pass from the outside of the upper part to the centre, and
thence to the centre of the lower part, and to the outside of the latter
before it can be transmitted from the rim K to the rim I. The air
required in addition to that which passes with the flame through the
dome M can be supplied through perforations in the cone plate, or can

page_text: be supplied through perforations in the rim K, or the additional air
required may be allowed to pass between the rim K and the cone
plate J, J. The plate or shield L checks the radiation of heat from the
cones M to the top of the reservoir A, and a circulation of air is
established between the under side of L and the top of A by means of
the perforations in L. The under side of L is lined when needful with
felt or other non-conducting material. In arranging the cone plate J
or J, J, for a stove to burn with one flame, I place the dome or cone M
in the centre, as shewn in Figure 4, but in arranging it for more than
one flame I place the cones M so that the slots are under or nearly under
the space between the bottom of the cone 2 and the lower end of the
cone 3. In some cases I prefer to lay thin metal tubes horizontally so
that only the ends rest on the rim I, and I make the cone plate rest on
these tubes instead of directly on the rim I.
Figure 9 shews the arrangement of wick holders N and shield and
reservoir, as for a stove with four flames, and also of the pinions of the
wick winders O and 0, 0. The ring hand wick holder N is shewn
turned back from its position shewing the method of detaching 0, 0,
from O.
Figure 10 represents the upper side of a cone plate J, J, arranged as
for a stove with four flames and shield P for the same. The perforations
shewn between the cones M are continued through the shield and cone.
plate J, J. Figure 11 shews the under side of the cone plate J, J,.
arranged for a stove to burn with four flames. The wick or wicks is or
are supported in ordinary metal wick holders N fitted to the reservoir A
directly underneath the centres of the cones M, and is or are arranged so
that the length of the top of the wick case corresponds with the slot in M.
The wick is actuated by means of ordinary ratchet wheels fixed upon
a pinion O and O, O. I make the pinion O and 0, 0, in two parts
and join or link them as shewn in Figure 9, arranging the linked ends
so that by turning back the wick holder a little from its position, as
shewn in Figure 9, 0, 0, can be detached from 0, thus allowing the
wick holder to be unscrewed from the reservoir. The end of 0, 0,
furthest from N rests in a perforation or slot in I, and the handle on
0, 0, comes to the outside of I so that the flame or flames can be casily
regulated.
The various Drawings shew flat wicks applied to the apparatus, `but
circular icks may ho vand
13

page_text: are fixed on J or J, J, and wick holders and metal discs over them
are used similar to the same parts in a circular burner for camphine.
The cone M may be made to rest úpon a slight metal ring with legs
resting upon or attached to the wick holder, the cone plate J or J, J, fitting
round the cones M, but I prefer the arrangements shewn in Figures 2
and 5, as the wick holder is much more isolated and thereby prevented
from being a means of conducting heat to the reservoir. The metal
plate or shield P prevents the air that passes under the bottom of the
rims of the body K from having direct access to the flame or flames
and it also checks the radiation of heat to the cone plate. As has been
before remarked the external body K, K, may be inade of any size or
shape, and may be dispensed with when desired, as shewn in Figures 5
and 12: In order that the flames may be seen and light diffused I
insert in the bottom rim of the body K one or more "metal frames Q
containing glass and tale, either combined or separately. I prefer to
use a piece of each laid flat together, 'as the glass gives greater firmness
to the tale; and the tale not being liable to be broken by heat may be
relied upon to exclude the external air if the glass should be broken.
When desirable I make one or more of the frames Q moveable, so that
the wicks may be lighted without moving any other part.
I prefer
making K as a separate rim, as the heat from above it is not so readily
conducted to the cone plate. When the heat, of the stove is required
to be diffused (as for warming rooms and similar purposes) 1 make the
perforations R, Figure 1, in the external body K, K, allowing air to
pass into the
space between the body and the cones 1 and 2, which air.
on getting heated passes out through the upper perforations R. The
cones 1, 2, and 3 1 make of metal, cone 1 I make of the size required
to accommodate the required number of flames. The horizontal section
of the 'cone I usually make circular, but when the purpose for which
cone 3 is intended renders it desirable it may be made oval or otherwise,
and the cones 2 and 3 to correspond therewith. Cone 1 I make to rest.
on the rim K, as shewn in Figure 5, or attach it to the body. K, K, by
the rim S Figure 2.
When the body K, K, is dispensed with I make
the rim S rest on K. The rim S, S, checks the radiation of heat from
the flames to K, "and I cut away as much of S, S, as would prevent. the
flanes being seen. The inverted cone 2 meets the cone 1, as shewn in
Figure 2, and the cone 3 is made sufficiently large to close the cone 2
at the top; and sufficiently small at the bottom to leave a space between

page_text: the bottom of the cone 2 and the lower end of the cone 3, and rests by
means of a small flange on or near the top of the cone 2.
When the apparatus is required for warming rooms and similar
purposes, I arrange cone 3 so as to hold water in its upper part, and
close to the flange at the top I make a number of perforations, as shewn
in Figure 2, so as to bring the heated air from the space between the
cones 2 and 3 to the inside of the cone 3, where it becomes charged
with the steam or vapour from the water before passing out through the
perforated dome or cover T, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2. I arrange a
small rim U near the bottom of T, so as to convey the water resulting
from the condensation back to the inside of the cone 3. By the
arrangement of the cones 1, 2, and 3, as shewn in Figures 2, 5, and 12,
there is on the outside of the cone 3 a suitable space, up which the
current of heated air essential to the proper combustion of the flame or
flames passes.
This current of heated air surrounds cone 3, and the
latter, especially the lower part thereof, being very near the flame or
flames a large portion of the heat is imparted to cone 3, which may be.
applied to various useful domestic purposes, such as boiling water,
baking, broiling, steaming food, preserving fruits, and for chemical and
manufacturing purposes to which it is capable of being adapted.
'
Figure 5 represents in vertical section a stove constructed to burn
with four flames, and is suitable for cooking and other similar or
analogous purposes.
In order to concentrate the heat as much as
possible in cone 3, I connect the upper part of cone 1 to the lower part
of cone 3, as in Figure 5, or I place the conical rim indicated by dotted
lines V, Figure 5, on the cone 3, and in either case I provide a passage
for the air from cone 1 into the space between cones 2 and 3 by cutting
away a portion of cone 1 or of the rim V. Figure 7 shews the portions
of the rim V or cone 1 which I cut away when I apply this arrange-.
ment to a stove to burn with four flames, so as to allow the passage of
heated air from cone 1 into the space between cones 2 and 3 when
cone 1 or rim V is attached to cone 3.
The spaces marked W are the
parts not cut away, and the spaces between those marked W and with
the slots in cone M. shewn in dotted lines in the centre are the parts
The parts W form the connection between cone 1
Instead of cutting away parts of the rim V, as
latter may be perforated with a sufficient number
which are cut away.
or rim V and cone 3.
shewn in Figure 7, the
of smaller holes,

page_text: Figures 8 and 13 shew the outside front of the top of the cone 2 with
the outer body dispensed with, and with perforations in cone 2 to allow
the heated air to pass out from between cones 2 and 3.
In stoves for cooking and similar or analogous operations, I carry off
the heated air by perforations in cone 2, as shewn in Figures S and 13, so
that the heated air cannot come into contact with the contents of cone 3.
Figure 6 shews in vertical section the lower end of a cone 3 adapted
for boiling when it is not wished to attach cone 1 to cone 3. The rim is
attached to come 3, and taper metal tubes are fixed on the rim V at the
points where the straps W are placed. One side of these tubes is formed
by the rim V. The upper and larger ends of the tubes are inserted in
cone 3 so that the liquid in the latter may fill them. The lower ends of
the tubes are closed, and when desirable moveable screw plugs are
placed therein to facilitate the cleansing the inside of the tubes. The
liquid in the tubes absorbs the heat imparted to the rim V and transmits
it to the liquid in cone 3.
Figure 12 shews in vertical section a stove body constructed for the
sole purpose of boiling water or other liquids, and adapted to burn with
two or more flames. By fixing a curved metal rim X reaching from the
rim S to the top or near the top of cone 1 a space is formed for holding
water. The water in this space is connected with the water in cone 3
by means of the tubes Y, one of which is placed higher than the other
so as to induce a circulation of water hetween cone 3 and the space
outside the cone 1. The water may be drawn off by means of the tap Z,
or it may be poured from the top of the cone 3 by means of a spout or
otherwise. By the arrangement of placing water round cone 1 the heat
in the latter is economised and transmitted to the bulk of water in
cone 8.
Figure 14 shews in vertical section the apparatus as adapted for the
purpose of giving light. The same arrangements are observed with
regard to A, B, C, D, E, G, H, J, L, M, N, O, 0, 0, and P as previously
described. The lines J, J2, K, and cone 1 are composed of glass held in
a metal frame, or glass in one piece may be employed. If a metal
frame is used I make it of straps or bars, the horizontal section of which
is similar in shape to Figure 16. The parts 1 and 2, Figure 16, I fasten
together by means of screws so that they may be easily separated to
renew the glass when necessary. The vertical section is shewn in
Figure 15,
The perforated rim II make with upright sides, and

page_text: dispense with the diverging parts of the cone plate J, J, in order to
avoid obstruction of light. Cones 1 and 2 are made of sheet metal, and
the heated air from between the same is brought by means of perfora-
tions in the top of the cone 3 to the inside of the latter. In order to
prevent wind blowing into the perforations at the top of cone 3 the metal
rim 3 is employed so as not to obstruct the egress of the heated air.
A part of the rim 3 is shewn broken away to expose the perforations in
cone 3. The lines J, J2, K, and cone I may be made of metal instead
of glass, and frames may be inserted containing either plain glass, or
convex or other lenses. To prevent wind blowing into the perforations
in rim I, I place rims of metal 5 and 6, Figure 14, and to check the
radiation of heat from the flames to the glass in cone I put a rim of
tale, shewn by lines 7, Figure 14, and suspend or support it by metal
wires, shewn by dotted lines 8. In order to dissipate the heat imparted
to the cone 3 I employ a number of tubes 4, Figure 14, reaching from
the outside of cone 2 to the inside of cone B. A current of air is created
by means of these tubes inside cone 3, which assists to carry off the heat
and provides a ready egress to wind should it blow into cone 3.
Figure 17 shews. the arrangements of the tubes 4, Figure 14, adapted
for a stove with four flames, but a greater or lesser number of tubes can
be used if desired. The apparatus, as shewn in Figure 14, I make so as
to stand on its own base or on a pedestal or to he suspended, as may be
required. An outer glazed case of any shape or size may be used to
protect the glass which forms part of the apparatus, as shewn in
Figure 14, from wind or rain.
In making stoves for heating tools I observe a similar arrangement
with regard to the tubes to that shewn in Figures 14 and 17, but make
the end of the tube which passes into cone 3 lower than the outer end.
Below the perforations in cone 3 which afford egress to the heated air
1 place a plate of metal which fits close to the sides of cone 3, so as to
prevent the heated air in the lower part of the latter from passing
upwards.
In arranging the size of the apparatus either for heating or lighting
purposes, I adapt the width or diameter of the various parts according to
the number of flames it is intended to employ.
my
said
The apparatus as herein described and forming the subject of
Invention is especially suitable for burning petroleum 'oil, but other

page_text: mineral or vegetable or animal oils and spirits and combustible fluids
may be employed.
Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be employed, I would
observe in conclusion that I do not claim the several parts of the
apparatus herein-before described separate and apart from each other;
but what I consider novel and original, and therefore claim as con-
stituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, the combination and arrangement of parts and
mechanism substantially as and for the purposes herein-before set forth
and described, or any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Frederick Jones Duggan, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and.
seventy.
FREDERICK JONES DUGGAN. (L.S.)