Year: 1888

page_text: The first part of my invention enables a better control and distribution of heat
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The first part of my invention enables a better control and distribution of heat
to be obtained.
The second part of my invention enables the oven, or ovens (when two are
employed) to be heated either internally or externally, as may best suit the class
of goods.
The third part of my invention enables the heat of either oven to be maintained
externally; the withdrawal of the charge being thereby avoided and a saving of time
and heated effected.
The way and manner in which the above described improvements are carried into
effect, will be understood by reference to the drawing in which-
Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section of a double oven.
Fig. 2. is a cross section on vertical line P Q Fig. 1.
Fig. 3. is a plan on line E F, Fig. 1 of lower oven a.
Fig. 4. is a plan on line J K, Fig. 1. of the furnace and main flues.
Fig. 5. is a longitudinal section of a single oven, having external heating chamber,
and inclined air space.
Fig. 6. is a longitudinal section of a double oven, fitted with external heating
chamber and air space under both ovens.
Fig. 7. is a plan on line GH, Fig. 1, of air chamber under lower oven a.
Fig. 8. is a plan on line CD, Fig. 1, of upper oven.
Fig. 9. is a cross section on vertical line LM, Fig. 1.
Fig. 10. is a cross section on vertical line NO. Fig. 1.
Fig. 11. is a cross section on vertical line XY. Fig. 6, shewing air space under
both ovens.
Fig. 12. is a cross section upon vertical line RS, Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a double oven by means of which a better
control, and more perfect distribution of heat is obtained, while the lower oven a,
or the upper oven 6, can when required be heated up either internally or externally
as may best suit the goods being baked.

page_text: In the drawing, c, is the furnace which can either be placed at the front of the
oven, or at the back as shewn. vis the furnace door, t, fire bars, d, ashpit, c' first
covering of furnace with air space over. This latter enables me to obtain a stronger
bottom heat at the front of the oven, than at the back. j main heating flue at front,
k main heating flue at back (see also plan Fig. 4) y space for ashes.
The crown of the furnace c, is formed of tiles 2, which support a series of piers g.
upon which are laid the tiles h, composing the floor of oven a, between the tiles is
an air space ff (see plan Fig. 7) which effects a perfect distribution of heat, and
prevents overheating of the sole of oven u.
The fines from main heating flues j, k, enter this oven at 4 points 11, oo, (see also
Fig. 3) and there are besides these, the exit fluer, leading to main flue and chimney R,
and the syphon flue (see also Figs. 3. 4. 7. 8 and 12). this latter is of special
construction its object being to carry off vapours, and the steam arising from
baking.
The current arising in this flue is caused merely by the expansion of the heated
air or gas, within the oven; owing to its form it creates a draught, but no amount
of heat is lost, c, is the position occupied by the oven lamp or other light, 1, the
oven door, x, the fender on the other side of which are the back heating flues o o,
(see also Figs. 2. 3 and 7) suitable dampers qq Fig. 12, and rods a Fig. 7 are
attached to all these flues, the rods operating said dampers being brought to oven
front.
Immediately over oven a, is placed the upper oven b, the floor ', composed of
tiles is supported upon iron bearers, and also forms the crown of lower oven a.
This oven has two front heating flues m, m, leading into main heating flue 7, in
furnace c, also two back heating flues pp, leading into kk (see also figs. 2. 3. 4. 7. 8.
10 and 12), a is the fender.
This oven is also fitted with a syphon flue q' (see Figs. 3. 8 and 12) which acts in
a similar manner to that in lower oven a, it has also an exit fluer opening into
main exit flue R and chimney, is the position occupied by the oven lamp and u
is the door. Over oven &, and extending its full width is a heating chamber e, (see
figs. 12 9 10 12.) this chamber enables me to give a top heat to the oven b. It is
provided with two heating flues nn, communicating with main heating flue j, and by
means of syphon fluc s, with main exit flue R. and chimney.
"
From the foregoing description of this part of my invention it will be readily seen
that I have perfect control over two ovens, when arranged as shewn, and that either
or both can be heated internally or externally; in the latter case while the baking is
proceeding or in progress.
Batches are baked alternately in each oven, which are heated as follows. The lower
oven a, is heated direct and internally by means of front flues 11 and back flues o o,
and externally by means of air chamber ff over furnace, a top heat being obtained
from oven chamber b, all steam, and noxious gases are conveyed to the chimney by
syphon flue g, and exit fluer.
By operating the dampers controlling these flues the heat can be directed either
to the front or back of the oven as may be required. Part of the heat used for
oven a, is transmitted through its crown to oven b which is heated internally by
means of front flues m. m, and back flues pp, the waste and noxious gases escaping
by syphon flue gl and exit fluer to chimney.
Top heat is obtained in this oven by means of chamber e, over it, and maintenance
of external heat is effected by side flues.
Fig. 5. shews a modification for obtaining an increased heat at the front part
of oven.
The air space ff, is inclined, its deepest part being immediately over furnace c,
this oven is fitted with external heating chamber e, front and back heating flues 11
and oo, syphon flues g and s, and exit fluer. In this case the oven a, can be fired
internally by means of flues 11, and back flues o o, a top heat is obtained by
chamber e, or the oven may be entirely heated by means of the side flues.
Fig. 6. shews a modification of the double oven described under Fig. 1.

page_text: It is provided with one air space f under the lower oven a, and another over the
top of a, f, but under b, heat is conveyed to the air space by means of two
flues m branching out of flues m, and provided with suitable dampers m" see fig. 11,
so that the heat may be controlled as desired; an exit fluer, is provided opening into
the main flue R, but I sometimes provide in place of this a syphon flue similar to
that already shewn and described in the first double oven. By means of the additional
air space now described, I am enabled to maintain and better distribute the heat to
either oven, and to regulate the same to any required temperature. A top heating
chamber e, as in Fig. 1. is also provided.
I am aware that the use of a syphon flue and also an air space over the furnace
has been described in combination with a single oven, to such a combination however,
except in the manner hereinbefore described under Fig. 5. I lay no claim, neither do Í
bind myself in carrying out my invention to the exact detail as shewa and described
as such might sometimes require modification to meet altered conditions, for instance
a direct flue to main exit flue, may replace the syphon flue and the general disposition
of flues may be varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1st. In a bakers oven arranged and constructed as described under Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
7, 8, 9, 10, 12. The combination of furnace c, having first cover c¹ and air space f
over, said furnace c, communicating heat to oven a, by means of front heating flues 17,
and back heating flues o o, and to upper oven b, by flues m, and pp, and by means
of flues n, n, with top heating space e, said heating flues opening into main heating
flues jj, kk, in furnace, and by means of exit flues with main Hue R and chimney,
the syphon flues' connecting ovens a and b with main exit flue R, and the syphon
fluc s, formning the exit from top heating space e, to main exit flue R and chimney,
all combined and operating together, substantially as herein described and set forth.
"
2nd. The combination in a bakers double oven constructed as described under
Figs. 6 & 11 of the two air spaces ff, arranged under ovens a and b respectively,
said air spaces being heated up in the manner shewn, the spent heat, and gases being
conveyed to the main flue and chimney from the upper air space f¹ either by direct
flue or syphon, substantially as set forth.
3rd. In a single or double bakers oven, the particular construction and combination
of inclined air space f, shewn in Fig. 5, formed as described, with top heating space e,
the heating flues ll, o o, opening into main heating flues jj, kk. in furnace, and by
exit fluer, and syphon flue s, with main exit flue R and chimney, all operating
together as described and for the purposes set forth.
FRANCIS M. ROGER,
Applicant's Agent.