Improvements in "Linking," Joining," or "Turning Off" Machines for Knitted Goods.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 22nd Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Apr., 1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
"
Improvements in "Linking," Joining," or "Turning Off" Machines
for Knitted Goods.
I, ARTHUR PAGET Mechanical Engineer of Radmoor Loughborough in the County
of Leicester do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
"LINKING" "JOINING" OR "TURNING OFF MACHINES FOR KNITTED GOODS to be as
follows:-
"
This invention has for its object-improvements in what are known in the Hosiery
trade as
Linking "Joining
or Turning Off" Machines. The first part of my
invention consists of a method of constructing the ring of such machines so that the
points are held in one set of grooves on the periphery of one ring or disc in a direction
parallel to the axis of the ring or disc and in a second set of grooves in another ring
conically, or radially arranged the ends of the first named grooves being open &
easy to get at to remove the points, when any are broken and require to be replaced.
The last named ring being formed in one continuous ring and shrunk or forced on to
the periphery of the first named disc or ring.
The second part of my invention consists of forming on (one or other of the before
mentioned rings) or discs a set of ratchet-teeth equal in number to the points and this
set of ratchet-teeth may be arranged either vertically or radially so that a Ratchet"
"Pawlor Clawker" worked or acted upon, by a cam (or other suitable means)
causes the ring to rotate in such a manner as to bring each point in succession opposite
to the Needle of the Machine with great certainty & exactness and in a simple and
easy manner, and when the said "Ratchet," "Pawl," or "Clawker" is disengaged from
the said Ratchet-teeth the ring is left free to be rotated by the hand easily and quickly
into any required position.
The third part of my invention is a method of combining both, or either of the
before mentioned arrangements with a cam or set of cams formed in one block or
bolted together to actuate the sliding needle-ram a "hook" carried by a rocking-lever
with a universal joint and a
$
ratchet,"
*
pawl," or clawker,"
"worked from
the cam through a rocking-shaft or otherwise to cause the ring of points to rotate
as required.
*

page_text: The fourth part of my invention consists of forming the before mentioned "Ratchet"
"pawl" or "clawker with a series of teeth to fit the ratchet-teeth on the ring so that
the strain necessarily transmitted through the " ratchet," "pawl," or clawker to the
ratchet-teeth on the ring is equally distributed over a number of teeth, and so the
strain never comes unduly upon any one tooth. The durability of the ratchet-teeth
and the "clawker" are thereby greatly increased, and further, if even several
consecutive teeth in the set of ratchet-teeth on the ring are damaged or broken off
it does not materially affect the efficient working of the machine.
The fifth part of my invention consists of carrying the arm which supports the ring
carrier (upon which the ring of points rotates) below the ring of points (instead of
above as is usual in similar machines) whereby the top of the ring is left quite clear,
allowing easy access to the needle and the other adjacent parts at the same time
I arrange a suitable "Raker-off" which removes the work from the points automatically
before it comes into contact with the arm above mentioned which supports the ring
carrier from below.
The sixth part of my invention consists of an arrangement of an adjustable bobbin-
carrier whereby the distance between the needle & the bobbin or reel of yarn can be
adjusted according to the elasticity of the yarn used and thereby the length of the
:: loop" which is left to be caught by the "hook" may be regulated as may be desired.
Dated this 20th day of September 1886.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in " Linking," "Joining," or "Turning Off" Machines
for Knitted Goods.
I, ARTHUR PAGET Mechanical Engineer of Radmoor, Loughborough, in the County
of Leicester do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in what are known in the Hosiery
Trade as Linking," "Joining" or "Turning off" Machines. The first part of
my invention which I will describe consists of a method of constructing the "ring"
of such machines, so that the points are held in one set of grooves on the periphery
of one ring or disc, in a direction parallel to the axis of the ring or disc, and
in a second set of grooves, in another ring or disc, conically or radially arranged,
the ends of the first named grooves being open and easy to get at to remove the points
when any are broken and require to be replaced, the last named ring being formed in
one continuous ring and shrunk or forced on to the periphery of the first named
ring or disc.
This arrangement will be readily understood by referring to Figs. 1, 2, 2ª & 4
(Sheet 1). Fig's. 1 & 2 are Sections through one side of a ring, constructed upon this
principle. Fig. 2 is a view from a pointout side the ring showing a small portion of

page_text: "5
such a ring, part of the outer ring being removed so as to show the grooves referred to,
and Fig. 4 is a part plan of a ring and other adjacent parts.-A, Fig's. 1, 2, 2ª & 4 is
the first named ring or disc having grooves A¹ cut in its periphery in a direction
parallel to the axis, around which it turns; A² is the second ring, shrunk or forced on
to the ring A, and covering up the grooves A¹, leaving only the ends of the grooves
open for the reception of the shanks of the points A. In the top of the second
ring A², I cut a second set of grooves A1 (corresponding to the first set of grooves A¹
in the ring A) to receive the points A³. The grooves A' I cut a little deeper than the
points, so that, when the points A³ are placed in the grooves, the "Walls or portions
of Metal between the grooves, will stand a little above the points. The tops of these
"Walls"I then slightly hummer, which expands their width at the top and so holds
the points firmly in their places; or in some cases the tops of the "walls" may be
bent over the tops of the points, so as to hold them in their places.-In order to render
the points A³ still firmer in the grooves in the rings A & A², and to render them less
liable to work loose, I bend or bow the shanks a little, as shown at Fig. 74, thus when
these bent or bowed shanks are pressed into the grooves A¹, all tendency to work loose
is avoided. The grooves A' on the top of the ring A may be arranged "conically'
as in Fig. 1, or radially as in Fig. 2, according to the length of needle (A') and
arrangement of Hook (A) used.
The second part of my invention, which I will describe consists of forming on one
or other of the before mentioned rings or dises a set of ratchet-teeth equal in number
to the points, and this set of ratchet-teeth may be arranged either vertically or radially,
so that a Ratchet, "Pawl" or "Clawker," worked or acted upon, by a cam or other
suitable means, causes the ring to rotate in such a manner, as to bring each point in
succession opposite to the needle of the machine with great certainty and exactness,
and in a simple and easy manner, and when the said "Ratchet," "Pawl" or Clawker.
is disengaged from the said Ratchet-teeth, the ring is left free to be rotated by the
hand easily and quickly into any required position. Fig's. 1 to 7 (in conjunction with
the other drawings) show this arrangement. Fig's. 1, 4 & 7 showing an arrangement
with the Ratchet-teeth vertically arranged and Fig's. 3, 5 & 6 with the Ratchet-teeth
radially arranged. It will be seen that round the bottom of the ring A, Fig's. 1 & 4
I form a flange or square bead, on the periphery of which I cut a set of ratchet-teeth B
equal in number to the number of points in the ring, engaging into these ratchet-teeth,
I arrange a suitable ratchet," "pawl" or "Clawker"; In Fig's 1 & 4 a suitable
"ratchet B is shown, which is guided by the forked ends B³, and worked by the
rod B³. The rod B³ receives from a cam or other suitable equivalent the necessary
amount of reciprocating motion, to enable it, (with the assistance of the pull of the
spring B in the direction of the arrow B) to rack the ring A round one tooth at each.
reciprocation and then it will readily be seen that the ring of points will rotate in such
a manner, that each point in the ring will be brought in succession opposite to the
needle of the machine with great certainty and exactness. Then when the Ratchet B¹
is pulled out in the direction of the arrow, (see Fig. 4) the ring is free to be moved
easily by the hand in either direction and into any required position.
In some cases, instead of forming the Ratchet-teeth on the bottom of the ring
as shown in Figs. 1 & 4, I form them at the top of the ring, or preferably to a separate
ring attached thereto as shown at Fig. 7, where the Ratchet-teeth are shown at B.
It will be evident, that a similar sliding Ratchet to that shown at B' Fig's. 1 & 4 may
be used in this case also.
In some cases I arrange the Ratchet-teeth radially as shown in Fig's, 3, 5 & 6,
Fig. 3 being a section and Fig. 5 a plan of part of a ring of points and ratchet herein
before described, and Fig. 6 is an elevation of the Ratchet and rod. It will be seen that
in this case the Ratchet-teeth B, Fig's. 3 & 5 are cut radially on the top of the ring A.,
the Ratchet block B' having teeth cut in its under face, corresponding to, and engaging
in these ratchet-teeth. The sliding ratchet B is provided with forked ends B2, B
which act as guides to keep the ratchet in its proper place over the ratchet-teeth.
The ratchet may be worked by a rod B³, the end of which works on the pivot B³,
which may receive its motion from a cam or other suitable equivalent. In some cases

page_text: it is desirable to provide a suitable spring to keep the sliding-ratchet in contact with
the teeth B, when drawn back.
"
The third part of my invention, which I will describe consists of a method of
combining both or either of the above arrangements with a cam or set of cams formed
in one block or bolted together, to actuate the sliding Needle-ram. A "Hook
carried by a rocking-lever with a universal joint and a " Ratchet " "Pawl" or
Clawker" worked from the cams through a rocking shaft or otherwise to cause the
ring of points to rotate as required. Fig's. 8, 9 & 10 sheets 2, 3 & 4 show such a
combination. Fig. 8 is a plan and Fig. 9 an elevation of a complete machine and
Fig. 10 is a part front view and section on the line A. B, Fig. 8. AA is the ring of
points herein before described, B Fig. 9 are the ratchet-teeth as shown in Fig. 1,
B¹ the sliding ratchet, B³ the rod which works the sliding ratchet, C is the cam, or cams
referred to, in this case shown in one piece or casting, but it is sometimes more
convenient to make it in several pieces and bolt them together; C₁ is the sliding-
needle-ram, which carries the needle A; A Fig's. 1, 8 & 9 is the hook which is carried
by the rocking-lover C² which has a universal joint C, C is the rocking shaft having
arms CC to transmit motion from the cam C through the rod B³ and the sliding-
ratchet B' to the ring A. The cam C is a combination of 3 cams or parts. XX. Fig. 9
is the "Path or portion of the combined cam which works the sliding-needle-ram C₁,
and imparts all the necessary motions to the needle A. YY, Fig. 9 is the "path"
or portion of the combined cam which works the rocking lever C2 carrying the hook A.
This "path" YY of the cam is so formed, that it imparts to the rocking lever C² both
a vertical and horizontal motion, and thus gives to the "Hook" A all the various
motions required for "hooking, holding and dropping" the loop. The universal joint
of the rocking-lever C² consists of two short arms C C³, Fig. 10, which fit into the
angle bracket C6, a small pin C7 (Fig. 8) stands out from the corner where the two
arms C³ C³ of the rocking lever C3 meet. This pin (C7) rests against the bracket (6
and prevents the. rocking-lever C2 from slipping forwards and the spring 08,.keep the
arms C and the pin C' against the bracket C and at the same time keeps the cam
end of the rocking lover on its path Y Y Y of the cam C, when the cam revolves,
which it does in the direction of the arrow C.-The Third "Path"
or portion ZZZ
of the combined cam C, imparts the necessary motion to the ring of points A, through
the arms CC of the rocking shaft C, the rod B3 and the sliding ratchet B¹.
"
Thus it will be seen that the three "Paths" or parts XX, YY & ZZ of the
combined cam C (in conjunction with the sliding-needle-ram C, the rocking lever C,
the rocking-shaft C, the rod B³, the sliding ratchet B' engaging into the ratchet-
teeth B on the ring A) imparts all the necessary motions to the "Needle," "Hook "
and ring of points."
*
The fourth part of my invention, which I will describe, consists of forming the before
mentioned "Ratchet'
Pawlor
"Clawker" with a series of teeth to fit the ratchet-
teeth on the ring, so that the strain necessarily transmitted through the ratchet pawl
or clawker to the ratchet-teeth on the ring is equally distributed over a number of
teeth, and so the strain never comes unduly upon any one tooth. The durability of the
ratchet-teeth and "ratchet" "pawl" or "clawker" is thereby greatly increased; and
further, if even several consecutive teeth in the set of ratchet-teeth on the ring are
damaged, or broken off, it does not materially effect the efficient working of the
machine.
B1, Fig's. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, Sheet 1, show a "ratchet" "pawl" or clawker" constructed
with a series of teeth engaging into the ratchet-teeth B on the ring A. It will be
evident that having so many teeth in contact, the absence of odd teeth, or even
several consecutive teeth, by being damaged or otherwise destroyed, will not prevent
the sliding Ratchet "pawl" or Clawker" from working the ring of points with
certainty and exactness, so as to bring each point consecutively in line with the needle.
The fifth part of my invention, which I will describe, consists of carrying the arm
which supports the ring-carrier (upon which the ring of points rotates) below the
ring of points, (instead of above, as is usual in similar machines), whereby the top of
the ring is left quite clear, allowing easy access to the needle and other adjacent paris ;

page_text: at the same time I arrange a suitable "Raker off," which removes the work from the
points automatically before it comes into contact with the arm mentioned, which
supports the ring-carrier from below.
Fig's. 8, 9 & 10, sheets 2, 3 & 4 show this arrangement, where D is the arm
referred to, which is attached to the Basement D₁ and passing below the ring A
terminates in a suitable support for the ring-carrier D2, Fig. 8, thus leaving the top
of the ring and all adjacent parts clear and easy of access.- As the ring of points
rotates in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 8), the work, if left on the points, after
passing the needle, would foul the arm D; to avoid this, I arrange a suitable.
Raker off" D3, Fig's. 8 & 9. This I arrange as a guide, fixed to the ring-carrier D²
and nearly touching the points both above and below, and so placed, that it gradually
guides, pushes and "rakes" the work off the points as it is advanced towards the
arm D by the rotation of the ring. The end of this "Raker off" I carry beyond the
extremity of the points and suitably curve it as shown, so that the work, as it is
raked off, is also guided down clear of the arm D.
The sixth part of my invention, which I will describe, consists of an arrangement
of an adjustable "Bobbin carrier," whereby the distance between the needle and the
bobbin or reel of yarn can be adjusted, according to the elasticity of the yarn used
and thereby the length of the "Loop" which is left to be caught by the "Hook
may be regulated as may be desired.
This arrangement will be at once seen by referring to Fig's. 8, 9 & 10. E is a
square rod carrying the pin E', the rod E works in the boss E2 (Fig. 8) and is fixed
in any desired position vertically by the set screw E³. E is a bobbin" or "reel"
of yarn, which can revolve upon the pin E. Upon this "bobbin " or
reelrests a
loose cap E5, which is kept in a suitable position upon the bobbin or reel by a light
rod E, which works freely in a suitable hole in the basement D'. Upon the top of
the loose cap Es I provide a suitable pin E' to receive the ring weights E8; with these
ring weights any desired tension can be maintained according to the number of
ring weights placed on the pin.
It will be seen that by means of the set screw E, Fig. 8, the Bobbin carrier E, E
can be adjusted to any desired height and thus the length of yarn between the needle
and the bobbin can be regulated according to the elasticity of the yarn, so as to
always obtain a satisfactory "loop," to be caught by the hook.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood, that I
do not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or
modified, without departing from the principle thereof; but what I claim as my
improvements in "Linking" Joining or "Turning off" Machines for Knitted
goods are:-
First The method of constructing the ring of such machines, so that the points are
held in one set of grooves on the periphery of one ring or disc in a direction parallel
to the axis of the ring or disc, and in a second set of grooves in another ring conically
or radially arranged, the ends of the first named grooves being open and easy to get at
to remove the points, when any are broken and require to be replaced. The last named
ring being formed in one continuous ring and shrunk or forced on to the periphery of
the first named ring or disc; substantially as herein before described with reference to
Fig's. 1, 2, 24, 4 & 7, sheet 1.
::
::
Second-The method of forming on one or other of the before mentioned rings or
discs a set of ratchet-teeth equal in number to the points, and this set of ratchet-teeth
may be arranged either vertically or radially, so that a Ratchet," "Pawl," or
Clawker," worked or acted upon by a cam (or other suitable means) causes the ring
to rotate in such a manner as to bring each point in succession opposite to the Needle
of the Machine with great certainty and exactness and in a simple and easy manner,
and when the said "Ratchet," "Pawl" or "Clawker" is disengaged from the said
Ratchet-teeth, the ring is left free to be rotated by the hand easily and quickly into

page_text: any required position; substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Fig's. 1 to 7, Sheet 1.
Third The method of combining both or either of the before mentioned arrange-
ments with a cam or set of cams, formed in one block or bolted together, to actuate the
sliding needle-ram, a "hook" carried by a rocking-lever with a universal joint and a
ratchet," "pawl" or "clawker," worked from the cam through a rocking shaft or
otherwise to cause the ring of points to rotate as required; substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Fig's. 8, 9 & 10, Sheets 2, 3 & 4.
(6
22
"
or
Fourth The method of forming the before mentioned "Ratchet," "Pawl"
"Clawker" with a series of teeth to fit the ratchet-teeth on the ring, so that the strain
necessarily transmitted through the "Ratchet," "Pawl" or Clawker to the
ratchet-teeth on the ring is equally distributed over a number of teeth, and so the
strain never comes unduly upon any one tooth. The durability of the ratchet-teeth
and the "clawker" is thereby greatly increased, and further, if even several con-
secutive teeth in the set of ratchet-teeth on the ring are damaged or broken off, it does
not materially affect the efficient working of the machine; substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Fig's. 1, 3, 4, 5 & 6, Sheet 1.
Fifth The method of carrying the arm which supports the ring carrier (upon
which the ring of points rotates) below the ring of points (instead of above as is usual
in similar machines) whereby the top of the ring is left quite clear, allowing easy
access to the needle and the other adjacent parts; at the same time I arrange a suitable
"Raker off," which removes the work from the points automatically before it comes
into contact with the arm above mentioned, which supports the ring-carrier from
below substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig's. 8, 9 & 10,
sheets 2, 3 & 4.
"
Sixth The method of arrangement of an adjustable "Bobbin-carrier" whereby
the distance between the needle and the bobbin or reel of yarn can be adjusted
according to the elasticity. of the yarn used and thereby the length of the "loop"
which is left to be caught by the "hook may be regulated as may be desired;
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig's. 8, 9 & 10, Sheets 2, 3 & 4.
Dated this 21st day of March 1887.
22