IMPROVEMENTS IN MALTING APPA- RATUS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO BREWING AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Tizard, of Bank Street, Brixham, in the County
of Devon, Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MALTING APPA-
RATUS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO BREWING AND OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES"
Sealed the 8th August 1879, and dated the 11th February 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Tizard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1879.
PHILIP TIZARD, of Bank Street, Brixham, in the County of Devon, Brewer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MALTING APPARATUS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO
BREWING AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My improved apparatus employed in malting consists of an open keeve made of
iron, bricks and cement, or other suitable material, provided with a perforated
bottom and with revolving tubular rakes, whose shaft or axis is perforated or not,
a sparger, a blower, or fan, and an archimedian screw beneath the keeve, the whole
being designed to meet the exigencies of modern art and the convenience of Her
Majesties officers of Excise.
It is in this utensil that the raw grain is placed, and the processes of converting
it into malt are conducted, viz., those of sweating, steeping, couching, aerifying,
flooring, turning, sprinkling, and drying.
A gas or steam engine or other motive power is used, by which the blower, the
rakes, the archimedian screw, and other moveable parts are actuated. The rakes
are fitted to raise themselves out of the keeve, and to acquire a state of inaction as
long as the exciseman is taking his gauges, after which they can be lowered spirally
to bury themselves to the bottom of the keeve, to be returned to the surface when
needed. This is a feature of great novelty in the process of malting, brewing, and
like operations.
By this Invention every inch of the corn from top to bottom and throughout the
whole breadth of the keeve is loosened, moistened, aerated, dried, and conveyed
away without being altered in either shape, color, or constitution by the feet of
workmen or their damaging shovels.
The plant, as above described, may be made suitable for the old rectangular
malting floors by suspending the revolving rakes the driving and the hoisting gear
from an overhead traveller..

page_text: In this case the rakes could be arranged to travel from end to end of the room,
and may be raised by hand.
int
it
The moist air is produced by admitting water into the blower, where it is beaten
spray and minutely blended with atmospheric air resembling a dense fog before-
is dispersed amongst the germinating grain.
Drying is effected_by_heated_air under the perforated bottom and through the
_rakes, or the archimedian_screw will convey the grain on to an ordinary kiln.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Philip Tizard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th August
1879.
PHILIP TIZARD, of Bank Street, Brixham, in the County of Devon, Brewer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MALTING APPARATUS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO
BREWING AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
.
My improved apparatus employed in malting consists of an open keeve made of
iron, brick and cement, or other suitable material, provided with a solid or a perfo-
rated bottom, and with revolving and to and fro travelling rakes working within
same, the rakes being moveable out of the keeve, said keeve having moveable fillets
at the end to meet the exigencies of modern art and the convenience of Her Majesty's
officers of Excise.
.
It is in this utensil that the raw grain is placed, and the processes of converting
it into malt are conducted, viz., those of sweating, steeping, couching, aerifying,
flooring, turning, sprinkling, and drying.
The rakes are fitted so as to be raised out of the keeve, and to acquire a state of
inaction as long as the exciseman is taking his gauges, after which they can be
lowered into the keeve. This is a feature of great novelty in the process of malting,
brewing-and-like-operations._
By this Invention every inch of corn from top to bottom and throughout the
whole breadth of the keeve is loosened, moistened, aerated, and dried without being
altered in either shape, color, or constitution by the feet of workman or their
damaging shovels.
The plant, as above described, is made suitable for the old rectangular malting
floors by suspending the revolving rakes the driving and the hoisting gear from a
to and fro motion overhead traveller.
The moist air is produced by admitting water into the blower, where it is beaten
into spray and minutely blended with atmospheric air resembling a dense fog before
it is dispersed amongst the germinating grain.
My Invention will be understood by the annexed Drawings, in which Figure 1 is
a sectional elevation of apparatus fitted in or to an open brick keeve, and Figure 2
a transverse elevation of an iron keeve applied upon an old floor.
A is the keeve to the lower portion; at the ends are fitted hinged flaps or fillets
B, which are kept extended into the keeve when the rotary rakes D, D, are at work,

page_text: that the grain at the ends may be brought under their operation, the fillets being
forced in by the handles C; C, that the angles may be filled with grain to enable
the contents to be gauged.
The rakes D, D, are hollow and have apertures at the nozzles, that air. and
moisture from a blower may exude and permeate the grain. The rakes are carried
by the tube E, which is caused to revolve by an endless chain F from an overhead
motion G, the tube E being carried by hollow arms H, H, of a branch tube I,
suspended from a traveller J, this having a to and fro motion imparted to it by a
wire rope gearing K, driven by any convenient reversible mechanism. The upper
portions L, L, of the branch tube work in sockets of a fixed tube M, that they may
turn therein when the rakes have to be lifted out of the grain, this being effected by
a chain and hoist P fitted on the traveller J, the rakes moving in a circular direction
as by the dotted lines, Figure 2.
The suspended rakes I are to agitate the grain near the sides of the keeve.
I purpose fitting the rakes tube E as a sleeve upon another tube R, as in the
sectional view, Figure 3, this tube having apertures S, S, at its lower side only, as
in the sectional view, Figure 4, that the air may only issue while the rakes are
passing round the lower half or segment of the circle, the tube having partitions T, T,
on each side to prevent the air entering the nozzles while passing round the upper
half or segment of the circle. The partitions have packing within them to make
the joints airtight, and the ends of the tube E are packed at U, U, to prevent escape
of air at those parts.
The rake tube E I purpose making in two pieces, with flanges V, V, that the
chain wheel W may be bolted between them, as in Figure 3.
Moist air can be produced by admitting water into the blower, where it is beaten
into spray and minutely blended with atmospheric air (filtered or not), resembling a
dense fog before it passes through the tubular forks and disperses amongst the
germinating corn. To promote oxidation and cooling by evaporation, and also
when drying the corn, the air could be made to ascend through the bottom, if the
latter be perforated.
The malt, after being dried by the passage of hot air through it, it can be con-
veyed by a screw to a screen or to the foot of a Jacob's ladder, and deposited in air
tight and damp proof bins.
MALTING NEARLY ALL THE YEAR ROUND.
It has hitherto been impracticable to prolong the malting season throughout the
summer, so that the present malthouse is useless as such nearly one half of the year,
excessive heat being prejudicial to slow and cool germination; such conditions are
indispensable in the production of good malt. The temperature of the grain,
whether in cistern, couch, or keeve may by means of the improved process be
restrained and be kept uniformly between 45° and 55° Fab., or lower if desirable.
This may be done by the proper application of evaporation, a law by which cold is
produced, and ice made by both nature and art. The ether and ammonia machines
are constructed to work on this principle, but no expensive cooling machines nor
volatile fluids are required by the maltster, air and water properly applied, which
cost nothing although so valuable, being all that is necessary to refrigerate the
contents of the keeve and to control the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere.
The efficacy of such simple means may be doubted, but let the sceptic lick the
back of his hand, screw up his lips, and blow on it, and he will be convinced.
Continuous work is not proposed, the month of August being set apart for repairs
and recreation.
DESIDERATA.

page_text: 2. Not to fix any machinery therein or thereon that will in the least obstruct the
officers of H.M. Excise, or prevent them at any time from taking correct gauges of
the grain undergoing the various processes of malting.
3. To afford every facility_for_sprinkling, turning, aerating, drying, and trans-
mitting the grain without damaging it.
:
4. To introduce automatic apparatus that will save nine tenths of the space and
two-thirds of the labour-commonly-required...
5.-That-the-rotating-rakes-should-not-emit-either-air or water-when-out-of-the
grain, or when raised above their usual working level.
6. To make sweeter, sounder, and more productive malt than can be made by any
other means.
.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The, apparatus herein described and shown in the annexed Drawings, as
and for the purposes set forth.
Secondly. I claim the employment of suspended rotating-and-to-and-fro-travel-
ling-rakes within a keeve for agitating, aerating, or otherwise preparing barley. or
other material used for brewing and like purposes, as set forth.
Thirdly. I claim the employment of moveable fillets in a keeve, as and for the
purposes set forth,
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Tizard, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
2"
PHILIP TIZARD. (L.S.)