CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR HAMMERING IRON, WHICH MAY BE ALSO APPLICABLE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of 16, Castle
Street, Holborn (City), London, and now of No. 29, Boulevart St. Martin,
Paris, for the Invention of "CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR HAMMERING IRON, WHICH MAY BE ALSO APPLICABLE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd June 1854.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for CERTAIN NEW & USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR
HAMMERING IRON, WHICH MAY BE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE HAMMERING OF OTHER
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
A novel arrangement of hammers, & of the devices by which they are
actuated, whereby the iron can be worked into any desired shape. The arrange-
ment consists chiefly in the use of two side hammers, moving horizontally, and
acting either by themselves or in conjunction with a hammer striking it (the
iron) on the top, and in giving to the anvil a certain movement, to enable the
side hammers to strike fairly the whole surface of the sides of the iron,

page_text: which, being previously heated, is placed on the anvil. A crank & rod gives
up & down motion to the upper hammer. To work the side hammers, a
bevel-toothed wheel on the crank shaft gears into another bevel-toothed wheel,
to the face of which, near its outer periphery, is attached one end of a
connecting rod, the other end of which is attached to the beam of one of the
side hammers. The rod being attached eccentrically to the bevil wheel gives
a lateral horizontal motion to the side hammer; & at the same time the bevel
wheel turns a vertical shaft, on the end of which is placed a spur wheel gearing
with a similar spur wheel placed on another vertical shaft, to which is attached
the beam of the other side hammer. Thus, the revolution of the bevel wheel
causes the hammers to approach each other, strike the side of the iron, & then
be retracted while the upper hammer is giving a blow. In order that the
hammers may strike fairly the whole surface of the sides of the iron, the anvil
is made to descend from the iron, which is then supported by a rest as soon
as the upper hammer has given its blow, thus leaving room for the side
hammers to strike the lower parts of the sides of the iron. The anvil is made
to descend by the upward motion of the hammer beam acting on suitable pins
and connecting rods, and to ascend by the contrary motion of the hammer beam.
Thus, as the iron to be shaped is first struck by the upper hammer, & then
simultaneously by the side hammers, the process of forging is much facilitated.
The faces of the hammers can be furnished with dies. In some cases the
upper hammer or the side hammers may be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London,
and now of No. 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, Her special licence that I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my execu
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,

page_text: from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "CERTAIN NEW & USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
FORGING OR HAMMERING IRON, WHICH MAY BE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE HAMMERING
OF OTHER MATERIALS," a communication, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
KNOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly. described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This Invention consists principally in a novel arrangement of hammers, and
of the devices by which they are actuated, for the purpose of hammering
or forging the iron, whereby the iron can be brought into any desired shape
much more expeditiously and with much greater regularity than by any of
the trip hammers commonly used for the purpose. The distinguishing charac-
teristic of this arrangement is, that the iron is struck on the two sides by two
side hammers, moving horizontally, and acting either by themselves or in con-
junction with a hammer, striking it on the top. The Invention further consists
in giving to the anvil a certain movement, to enable the side hammers to strike
fairly the whole surface of the sides of the iron.
The accompanying Drawings represent a forging machine constructed
according to the Invention.
Fig. 1 is a plan or top view of the machine.
Fig. 2 is a similar view, showing a different position of the hammers.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the machine, taken in the line
A, B, Fig. 2.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several
Figures.
b, in the Drawings, represents a crank shaft, furnished with a fly wheel a,
and fitted to work in bearings C, C, on a bed plate D. This crank shaft
operates a connecting rod d, which is connected to and turns on a pivot in the
projection or standard e on the upper hammer beam f. The hammer beam f
turns on a journal or fulcrum g. The iron to be shaped, having been previously

page_text: heated, is placed on the anvil h, being fed in on the rest i. The turning of the
crank shaft will, through the connecting rod d, give an up and down motion
to the upper hammer k, which will strike upon the upper face of the iron
upon the anvil; and the fulcrum g of the hammer beam is so placed with
regard to the ends of the connecting rod, that the end attached to the crank
will be moving upwards while the opposite end attached to the hammer
beam is moving downwards, thus causing the hammer to move rapidly as it is
descending, and consequently give a powerful blow.
The manner of operating the side hammers 1, 1, will now be described.
On the end of the crank shaft 6 is placed a bevel-toothed wheel m, which
gears into another bevel-toothed wheel n, to the face of which, near its
outer periphery, is attached one end of a connecting rod o, turning on a pin p
in the face of the said wheel n; the other end of the connecting rod o
is attached to the beam g of one (1), of the side hammers, the beam 7 being
firmly. secured to the shaft r, which has journals turning in proper bearings
in the bed plate D and a supporting frame s, which supporting frame also
sustains the journal g of the upper hammer, before described; as the rod o
is attached eccentrically to the bevel wheel n by the pin p, the turning of this
bevel wheel will, through the rod o, give a lateral horizontal motion to the
side hammer 1, and also turn the vertical shaft r, on the bottom end of which
is placed a spur wheel t, which gears with a similar spur wheel u, placed on
another vertical shaft v. To this shaft is attached the beam a of the other
side hammer '. From this it will be seen that the revolution of the bevel
wheel n will, through the rod o, cause the hammers 1, !, to approach cach
other and strike the sides of the iron, and then be retracted into the position
shown in Fig. 1 while the upper hammer is giving a blow. The end of the
rodo is so placed, with regard to the axis of the bevel wheel n, as to be
moving just before the hammer strikes in one direction, while the end
attached to the hammer bean is moving in the opposite direction, so as to
give a rapid motion to the hammers 1, 1, just before they strike the iron, and
thus ensure a powerful blow.
บ
In order that the sides of the hammers 7, 1, may strike fairly the whole
surface of the sides of the iron, the anvil h is made to descend from the iron,
which is then supported by the rest i as soon as the upper hammer has
given its blow, thus leaving room for the side hammers to strike the lower
parts of the sides of the iron. The anvil h is made to descend at the proper
time by the upward motion of the hammer beam f, being attached by a pin y
to a tilting beam, which turns on a fulcrum at a', and is connected at one end
by a rod b' to the under side of the upper hammer beam f; thus the anvil will

page_text: descend, always keeping its upper face horizontal just before the side hammers
strike, leaving a space between the bottom of the iron (the latter being
sustained in position by the rest i) and the face of the anvil, so that the side
hammers may give a fair blow upon the whole side surfaces of the iron. The
downward motion of the upper hammer beam fwill in the same manner
depress one end of the tilting beam and elevate the other, and thus raise
the anvil again ready for the blow of the upper hammer.
One of the most essential features of the machine, as above described,
consists in the relative positions of the ends of the connecting rods d and o.
and the fulcra or journals of the hammer beams at the time of giving the
blow. As the journals or fulcra of the hammers are so placed as to be at tho
time of giving a blow in nearly a straight line with the connecting rods from
which they derive their motion, just before giving the blow, in consequence
of the relative position of the ends of the connecting rods and the fulcra of
the hammer beams, one end of the connecting rod is travelling in one
direction, while the opposite end attached to the hammer beam is moving in
the opposite direction, which necessarily gives a rapid motion to the hammer
just before striking. When the top hammer is rising, or the side hammers
are opening or being retracted, the ends of their respective connecting rods arc
moving in nearly the same direction, which thus gives a slow motion to the
hammers while opening or rising. The connecting rods also, when in a straight
line with the fulcra of the hammer beams, allow the hammer beams to turn
freely forward or back on their journals at the time of giving the blow, which
is essential, in order to give a swinging elastic blow; whereas, when the
journals of the hammer beams are not in a line with the connecting rods, the
said hammer beams are necessarily rigidly held.
From the above description. it will be seen that as the iron to be shaped is
first struck by the upper hammer, and then simultaneously by the side
hammers, the process of forging is much facilitated; and as the faces of any or
all of the hammers can be furnished with dies, that any desired shape can be
given to the iron, rendering the machine of great service in making various
kinds of nails, spikes, &a. It will also be seen that in some kinds of
forging the upper hammer may be dispensed with, the two side hammers being
used alone; or in some cases tho side hammers may be dispensed with, and
the upper hammer used alone; the peculiar swinging clastic blow which the
Lammers give, as above described, rendering the upper hammer, when used
alone, much preferable to the ordinary trip hammer.
It will also be evident that the machine is adapted to hammering other
materials besides iron.

page_text: I claim, first, a machine for forging or hammering iron, &a., having the
distinguishing characteristics herein above enumerated, viz., two hammers
which simultaneously strike the sides of the iron, acting in conjunction with a
hammer which strikes the upper surface of the iron, substantially as set forth;
and further, the use in a machine for hammering iron, &a., of these two side
hammers operating as specified, whether used in connection with the upper
hammer or without it.
Second, so arranging the relative positions of the fulcra of the hammer
beams, and the ends of the connecting rods attached to the said beams, and
to the crank shaft and gearing from which they derive their motion, as to
bring the said fulcra and connecting rods in nearly a straight line at the time
of giving the blow, for the purpose herein specified, the opposite ends of the
connecting rods just before giving the blow moving in opposite directions, so
as to give a rapid and powerful blow.
Third, causing the anvil to descend from the iron just before the blow of
the side hammers, and to ascend just before the blow of the upper hammer,
by means of a rod attached at one end to the under side of the upper hammer
beam, and at the other end to a tilting beam to which the anvil is attached,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1854.
A. E. LORADOUX BELLFORD. (L.S.)