Improvements in and relating to Gas Burners.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application (in the United Kingdom), S1st Aug., 1897
A
1007
Accented 8th Jan
1898
Date of Application (in the United Kingdom), S1st Aug., 1807
Complete Specification Left, 81st Aug., 1907 Accepted, 8th Jan
1898
Date of Application (in the United Kingdom), OIS MUG., TOUT
Complete Specification Left, Ofst Aug., 1907 Accepted, 8th Jan
7
1898
Improvements in and relating to Gas Burners.
I, EDWARD JAMES DOLAN, of No. 3615 Warren Street, in the City of Phila-
delphia and State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a new and useful process for burning rich gases, par-
ticularly acetylene gas, and to a new and useful Improvement in Burners for carry-
ing the same into effect.
It is well known that great difficulties have been experienced in the making
of a suitable burner for acetylene gas. The difficulties have largely been due to
the fact that after a certain time of burning a deposit has been formed at the
point of exit of the gas from the burner, which has gradually choked the outlet
and distorted the flame. The difficulty is not cured by merely mingling air with
the gas before it is burned. The difficulty seems to be due to the fact that acety-
lene decomposes at about a red heat, forming benzol, carbon, hydrogen and other
compounds. If at this point of decomposition a receptive surface is present, the
carbon is likely to deposit upon such surface, producing the difficulty above
described.
It is obvious that if a substantial separation can be made between the burner
surface and the acetylene as it issues from the burner, this deposit is less likely
to occur. This deposit has also been found in practice to be less when acetylene
mingled with air is burned than when pure acetylene is burned.
The burner which is the subject-matter of this application avoids the diffi-
culties herein referred to and by combining two independent gas jets at a proper
angle produces a flat flame. These gas jets issue from two circular orifices, pass
through a chamber where they are surrounded by the indrawn air, and finally meet
in space to produce a flat flame. I generally mount these jets upon two separate
arms having a proper inclination toward each other. This, however, is not essen-
tial, since they might be mounted in the same standard.
The object of my present invention is to provide a gas burner of the character
described, the construction of the burner being such as to effectually overcome
the objections to former burners, hereinbefore noted, and to provide a burner the
use of which will result in perfect combustion of the gas.

page_text: To these ends and to such others as the invention may pertain the same consists
in the peculiar construction of the burner, and in the combination, arrangement
and adaptation of parts, all as more fully hereinafter described, shown in the
accompanying drawings, and then specifically defined in the appended claims.
The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which, with
the letters of reference marked thereon, form a part of this specification, like
letters of reference indicating the same parts throughout the several views, and
in which drawings-
1
Figure 1, is a central longitudinal section of a gas burner, embodying my
improvements;
Figure 2, is a like view of a modification of said burner;
Figure 3, is a perspective view of the preferred, form of burner shown in
Figure 1;.
Figure 4, is a like view of the burner shown in section in Figure 2; and
Figure 5, is a side elevation of a duplex burner.
Reference now being had to the details of the drawings by letter, A, designates
a gas burner tip which is preferably made of lava or other material of a like
character adapted to the purpose. This tip is preferably made in a single piece
and may be provided with the usual screw threads which serve to permit the
ready attachment of the tip to the body portion of the burner.
The tip A. is, at a point at or near its longitudinal centre, provided with a con-
tracted passage or opening C, which connects the two larger chambers or gas
passages D and E, the cylindrical passage E terminating at the extreme end of the
burner tip, thus affording an enlarged passage for the gas.
In order to prevent the deposit of carbon within the burner A or, at the burner
top, and thereby insure a perfect combustion and a smokeless flame at the point
where the same is formed, I provide a series of inclined air passages a, a, which
lead into the enlarged passage E above the point at which the contracted opening C
is provided. Ordinarily, a single row or series of these air passages will be found
to be sufficient, as is shown in Figures 2 and 4 of the drawings, though if, for any
reason, it should be preferred, two or more may be provided, as shown in Figures 1
and 3 of the drawings.
In order to produce the best possible results in the use of the burner which I
have described, I find it advisable to use the burner in duplex form, or in pairs,
as shown in Figure 5 of the drawings. It will be observed that when thus
employed, the outlets or points of the burner tips are inclined toward each other.
The flames from the burner tips unite at a point between and slightly above the
plane of the burner tips, where a flat flame is formed. The gas being forced
through the contracted openings within the burners under pressure, serves to pro-
duce a flame, circular in section, and the uniting of these two flames produces a
broad and uniform flame having great illuminating power:
The operation of this device seems to be that the gas under pressure escaping in
a cylindrical jet through the opening C draws in on all sides an envelope of air
through the openings a. This is due to the fact that the chamber E is larger
than the outlet C and to the fact that the gas inlets a substantially surround the
issuing gas jet. The result of this arrangement seems to be to so cool the outside
of the flame as to prevent any deposit of carbon at the point of egress. It is,
of course, essential that the gas have sufficient pressure, say from 3 to 4 inches
of water, to draw in the necessary amount of air.
The result here accomplished would not be accomplished by an ordinary air
mixing burner in which the air was mingled generally with the body of the gas.
In my burner an absolutely unobstructed passage is provided for the escape of
the original jet of gas formed by the constricted opening C. By reason of this
fact it is substantially necessary to have two jets if a flame of considerable candle
power is desired.
The structure of my burner is such that if all of the burner were cut off in a
horizontal plane immediately above the outlet C the general shape and condition

page_text: of the flame would not be modified, but in this case an immediate combustion
would occur at the outlet. Under the conditions of this burner the point where
the gas reaches its kindling temperature is carried upward, but the general shape
of the escaping gas body is not materially modified.
Of course the shape of the body of escaping gas, though cylindrical as it issues
from the round hole, increases somewhat in diameter, approximating, in some
degree, to the form of an inverted cone.
Though I use the word "cylinder" in this specification, I do not necessarily
limit the shape of the escaping gas to exactly a true cylinder, but intend to include
any other form which would be substantially equivalent in its operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The process of burning acetylene gas, which consists in projecting a small
cylinder of gas, in surrounding the same with an envelope of air insufficient to
cause combustion of all the gas, and in finally supplying the gas with an additional
amount of oxygen by allowing the stream of gas to expand above the burner tip
into contact with the air, thereby burning the same, substantially as described.
2. The process of burning acetylene gas, which consists in projecting toward
each other two cylinders of acetylene gas, in surrounding the same with an envel-
ope of air insufficient to produce combustion of all the gas, and in finally causing
the cylinders of gas to impinge upon each other and produce a flat flame, substan-
tially as described.
3. The combination in an acetylene burner of the block A having the minute
opening C, the cylindrical opening E, opening without obstruction to the atmos-
phere, and the air passages a, substantially as described.
4. The combination in an acetylene burner of two mixing burners mounted
upon a suitable standard and inclined toward each other, the said burners being
each provided with an air-ejecting apparatus within the burner itself, substantially
as described.
5. The combination of the burners A, A mounted upon a suitable support and
inclined toward each other, each having within the single block constituting the
burner the central minute cylindrical orifice C, the large unobstructed cylindrical
opening E, and the inclined air passages a, substantially as described.
1000
EDWARD JAMES DOLAN.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.