IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO The generatiON STORAGE REGULATION DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR OPERATION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF " PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton New Jersey United
•
States of America for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
The generatiON STORAGE REGULATION DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR
MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR OPERATION OF SUCH
APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stokes Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1883.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE REGULATION
DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS
THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OR OPERATION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF "
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
regulation distribution measurement and utilization of electricity and in apparatus
methods or means therefor-and in apparatus devices or means employed in the
construction or working of an apparatus or system of electrical distribution and
the said invention relates partly to methods and means for utilizing the generating
apparatus to their full capacity or so as to provide for utilizing a surplus of power
or heat at gas works manufacturing establishments or elsewhere or devices or
means for converting natural forces into power and utilizing such power or
surplus of such power by its conversion into electric energy and the storage of
such energy or any surplus of energy capable of being developed either of high or
low potential in the electric circuits of energy capable of being produced by the
generating devices or apparatus over what would be required in an electrical
system of distribution the devices may be operated through the medium of natural
forces such as the wind, the tide, or the force or fall of water and wind-mills
turbines or water wheels with or without means for compressing air and with or
without means for carburetting the air so compressed and utilizing such carburetted
air for the generation of electric currents or other purposes or by the conversion of
coal or fuel into electric energy through the medium of steam or gas for the
operation of suitable engines connected or combined with the generating machines
thermo electric generators or gas generators or any combination of them which
may be adapted to operate or be combined with one or more of the electrical

page_text: circuits of the system preferably through the medium of accumulating devices
magazines or batteries adapted to be charged vivified or revivified and to hold
electric energy in reserve at one or more points in the electrical system of distri-
bution and so as to make the discharging circuits operative and to regulate the
potential in such circuits independently of the potential in other circuits or the
charging circuit or circuits or to form part of the equipment of vessels vehicles
trains elevators or other portable objects (so as to regulate convert or vary tho
potential in one or more of the electrical circuits thorcon) adapted to operate from
fixed or determined points places or stations or to be operated over some fixed or
determined line of rail or metallic circuit with or without conserving or
accumulating devices designed to form part of or operate in conjunction with an
electric circuit or system forming part of one or more of such portable objects with
or without devices or means for connecting and disconnecting automatically or
otherwise one or more electric circuits upon one or more independent portable
objects or vehicles with ono or moro electric circuits upon other vehicles or with
one or more stationary circuits and with or without independent accumulating or
conserving devicos adapted to provide for holding energy in reserve upon each of
such waggons or vehicles or other portable objects and with or without utilizing
the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit or circuits in the stationary and
portable parts of the system or either of them or any combination of an insulated
circuit with partly uninsulated circuits with the devices for accumulating or storing
energy and electric potential convertors or current transformers or regulators or
the devices for translating electric energy such as lighting apparatus (either arc or
incandescent) heating apparatus for warming buildings or heating metals liquids
or other purposes or for the translation of electric energy into motive power either
for traction or other purposes or for the deposition or extraction of metals by heat
or electro deposition or for the heating of bars metals or materials in passing
through rolls or adapted to bo compressod die'd or formed within moulds or shaping
devices when heated by the electric current the circuits or devices in which the
energy is translated or adapted to be translated being connected in the electrical
circuits in series, parallel circuit, multiple series, or series or any combination of
such circuits insulated or partially insulated with return by earth or the reverse the
accumulating devices being adapted to provide for the conservation of power in the
form of electric energy electro chemically or through the medium of a gas or gases,
condensers or any combination of such means adapted to provide a reservo in ono
or more of the circuits or to serve as electro motive force or potential convertors
regulators or reducers with or without induction devices in one or more of the
circuits of the system to operate as potential regulators of alternating or continuous
current or to convert continuous currents into alternating currents in the working
circuits or vice versa for lighting heating motive power or other purposes and being
combined or adapted to be combined in the electric circuit through the medium of
switching or commutating devices so as to provide for varying or regulating the
supply or potential in independent circuits or for varying regulating and stopping
or diminishing the discharge of the current from the devices or means in which the
electric energy is stored or held in reservo or from the main electric circuit. The
various improvements combinations applications or methods of working as claimed
or described in the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my
behalf and my Provisional Specification herein referred to or any combinations of
them are adapted to be used in combination with the improvements combinations
applications or methods of working as herein provided for.
By such method of working I am enabled to utilize the full capacity of the plant
at industrial works or elsewhere or devices or means for converting a natural force
or power or the force or fall of water or the force of the wind into electric energy
through the medium of water wheels turbines wind-mills or otherwise and to
provide for storing any surplus of power in the form of electric energy over that
which may be necessary for the operation of the machinery in such works or
elsewhere or the plant may be utilized mostly or entirely during a given time for
5

page_text: the operation of the machinery and at other times for converting power into
electric energy and storing such energy at one or more points places or stations
connected or adapted to be connected with the electric circuit: In order to provide
for such a method of working I combine permanently or at intervals with the
shaft or axle of the engine (either gas air or steam or any combination of them) or
with the turbine or water wheel or wind engine (for utilizing the force or fall of
water or the force of the wind) a dynamo or magneto electric machine or machines
and I regulate the current developed (if any) by such machines dependent upon
the speed of the shaft or axle or upon the amount of work imposed upon the same
(The generators may be adapted to operate as fly wheels and continuous or
alternating current producers with devices or means in the electrical circuit or
circuits therefrom for conserving or utilizing the energy developed I preferably
employ generating machines whose elements are connected in the olectrical circuits
and adapted to operate in conjunction with one or more inductive poles or one or
more magnetic fields in which one or more poles are employed in such a manner as
to provide for the induction of a current in one or more set of elements connected
with the external circuit in series or parallel circuit or as a continuous circuit
without the reversal of the current during any portion of the movement of one or
more of the elements in one direction. The conducting elements of the pole or
pole pieces or magnetic element or elements both stationary and movable may be
connected in a continuous circuit with or without utilizing the inductive action of
the earth. The magnetic element or elements may consist of a permanent or
electro magnet or magnets of horse-shoe or other form with or without being
connected in the external circuit and with or without the movable element or
elements being connected in the external circuit at the axle and with or without
commutating devices and with or without employing a liquid in the electrical
circuit between the portions of the circuit of the machine and the external circuit
and with or without the completion of the electrical circuit from the periphery of
the armature or moving portion and with or without employing a liquid in such
circuit metallic or otherwise adapted to operate in conjunction with the periphery
of the said armature element or moving portion and with or without the conducting
element or elements of a magnetic pole or poles being included in the main
external circuit and with or without utilizing the inductive action of the earth or
the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit and with devices or means connected
or adapted to be connected in the external circuit automatically or otherwise in
series or parallel circuit or both or any combination of such circuits at one or more
points places or stations in the electrical circuit, or the main electrical circuit or
circuits may be completed with the element or elements of the generating machine
at the periphery or at the axis of the moving portion by induction or through a
partially insulating liquid. A special construction of the elements of some of
these machines are more fully described in the Specifications of Letters Patent and
Provisional Specification herein referred to.
In order to provide for an extended surface adapted to be connected with the
external circuit I sometimes so arrange the conducting material that it presents a
surface with their edges or broader surface towards the inductive pole, like a series
of bars united together alternatively so as to form a continuous conductor in section
or a continuous conductor with the ends thereof extending to the rings or
cominutators upon the axle when such conducting material is mounted upon the
moving part or otherwise to provide for the flow of the current through the
external circuit as set forth. Or the external circuit may be formed by the
stationary elements or be mounted upon or form part of the magnet or magnets
arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction with the movable or rotating
permanent or electro magnets so that the current will be induced in the conducting
portion of the stationary element or elements connected with or adapted to form
part of the external circuit. The conducting elements may have the form of a
continuous coil or fold of conducting material as a single conductor let into or
formed in recesses or grooves dovetailed or otherwise in magnetic or non magnetic

page_text: material and lengthwise of the axle or at an angle thereto or of a spiral or screw
form or the equivalent thoreof around the armature from end to end or portions
thereof, let in or formed in recesses or grooves dovetailed or otherwise or the
conducting material may be let into or formed in recesses at the ends or faces of
the magnets or elements or both the end faces and the other portions thereof with
the edges or broadest parts towards the inductive pole or poles and the conducting
clements may be arranged in a similar and in reverse manner on the stationary and
movable elements.
In order to govern the production of the currents I sometimes employ a
governor combined or adapted to be combined with such axle which governor has
combined with it an adjustable circuit maker or breaker with means for increasing
or decreasing or regulating the resistance through a series of circuits or otherwise.
the normal position of the circuit maker or series of them being such as to provent
the development of a current from the generator except when a predetermined
speed is reached or a predetermined current can be produced when such speed is
reached or the predetermined current can be developed by the generator such
current will be in proportion or in accordance with the position of such circuit
maker or breaker or a series of them in the electrical circuit to the generator.
Or a series of generators may be combined with or driven from the same shaft and
be adapted to operate through the medium of circuit makers or breakers so as to
offer resistance.in the movement of the shaft or axlo according to any decrease or
variation in the work being done through the medium of the machinery driven
from the engine or engines. The governing device or devices may be connected or
combined with the gas or fuel supply for firing the boiler when steam is used or
both the gas and fuel supply and the cut offs in the steam supply pipes to the
cylinders or with the cut offs in the gas or fuel supply for the operation of gas or
air engines or with the inlets or channels to a turbine or water wheel or with the
gas or fuel supply or heating agent of thermo electric generator or gas batteries or
producers or any combination of them. Or I may employ an electric generator or
a portion of the current from an electric generator for completing or regulating the
circuit to the main generator or for increasing the power of the generator in
proportion as the speed increases. I connect the elements of the generating
machine with the elements of an accumulating devico or a series of thein which are
preferably so connected in the electrical circuit as to be charged or revivified with
the minimum current or current of low force developed in the electrical circuit by the
generating inachine and I employ independent sets or groups of accumulating devices
clectro chemical or otherwise so as to provide for one or more parts set or groups of
elements being in the charging circuit from the generator coupled for quantity whilst
one or more other parts sets or groups of elements are adapted to discharge into
one or more discharging or working circuits, in tension series or otherwise or so as
to regulate or vary the potential in the charging and discharging circuits through the
inedium of conserving regulating converting and other devices or incans as set forth
in the Specification of the Letters Patent and the Provisional Specification herein
referred to, through insulated or partially insulated circuits or any combination of
them in which electric translating devices are adapted to operate in parallel circuits
or series or any combination of such circuits for the translation of electric energy
into light, heat, motive power or for the purposes of traction over fixed or determined
electrical circuits such as elevators tramway or railway lines or the like with or
without devices or means adapted to provide for the accumulation or storage of
electric energy through the medium of the electrical circuit and conserving devices
forming part of the equipment of the waggons vehicle train or other portable
object. I provide an automatic cut off in the electrical circuit between the
accumulating devices upon the portable objects and the source or store of electric
energy in the stationary portion of the system, either on the portable objects or in
the stationary portion of the electric circuit such cut off being adapted to operate
so as to prevent the return flow of the current from the accumulating or storage
devices forming part of the equipment of the portable object or train. I also

page_text: provide such automatic cut offs in the charging circuits to the stationary conserving
or storing devices or in the charging circuit to independent conserving or accumu-
lating devices and between the generating device or series of them and the main
electrical discharging or developing circuit or circuits.
These cut off devices can be electrically or electro-chemically operated with or
without the medium of gas or gases under pressure devolved from electro-chemical
or gas batteries electro-deposition or by the expansion or contraction of a liquid or
solid through the medium of heat evolved through the electric current or pumping
devices with or without the agency of weights electrically operative the cut off
devices being preferably adapted to operate upon the charging circuit through the
medium of a derived loop or shunt circuit which represents a portion of the current
passing as more fully set forth in the Specifications of former Letters Patent
herein mentioned circuit making devices of simple or compound construction
being adapted to operate for controlling the curront to the translating devices
automatically by time mechanism electrically by pressure through the medium of a
gas gases varying pressure or otherwise with or without being combined with timo
or speed mechanism or by hand or hy any combination of such means for controlling
the translation of such energy in the various main-branch sub-branche derived or
loop circuits through the medium of independent circuits and devices adapted to
operate in the charging or discharging circuits through the medium of simple or ⚫
compound circuit makers or circuits or otherwise so as to vary the resistance
or conductivity in such circuits or so as to regulate reduce or vary the supply or
the electro motive force or tension of the currents in the discharging working
or translating circuits dependent upon the number of translating devices in
operation that is to say dependent upon the resistance of the circuit and the
amount of energy expended upon or the amount of light by incandescent or arc
lamps or dependent upon the amount of energy expended for the development of
motive power through the medium of electric-motors stationary or portable for the
purposes of traction or both or for the development of heat or for the deposition of
metals or for the heating of metals liquids or other purposes or dependent upon the
conservation of electric energy (the devices or clements for accumulating or storing
energy being connected in the electrical circuit in parallel circuit or series or any
combination of such circuits) at one or more points places or stations in ono
or more of the electric circuits of the system either stationary portable or both or
dependent upon the consumption or conservation of electric energy for use upon
the portable objects such as trains vehicles vessels clevators &c on the amount
of energy consumed for propelling or operating portablo objects over fixed or
determined points or stations electrical circuits or any combination of electrical
circuits and of devices or means for accumulating storing regulating or varying
the electric potential in the charging and discharging circuits or in the same circuit
independent discharging or working circuits in the stationary or portable system
or parts thereof or either of them. In some cases I provide for utilizing electric
currents-in a general system or apparatus or system of electrical distribution of
lighting heating motive power or the purposes of traction or any combination of
such purposes by employing methods and means for the extraction of metals or
metallic compounds or ores or from silicates or quartz with or without the agency
of chemical solutions either acid or alkaline by utilizing the material from which
the inetal is to be extracted with or without carbou or coke mixed therewith so as
to constitute an electrode or anode of a battery with return by earth or an
insulated circuit with its electrodes coupled in series or multiple ure multiple series
or otherwise in the electric circuit with an electric generator operated by natural
forces or steam or gas engine or otherwise or with a gas battery thermo electric
generator or in a circuit with accumulators or magazines charged or revivified from
a generating source or any combination of generating or storing devices and electric
circuits and translating devices such as electric inotors heaters lighting apparatus
are and incandescent portable objects such as trains waggons, vessels elevators
hoisting. apparatus or the like equipped with electric circuits with or without

page_text: accumulating or converting devices in one or more circuits of the system either
stationary or portable or both as will be understood with referenco to the aforesaid
Patents granted to me or on my behalf. This method of working is applicable for
the extraction of aluminium from alum, sulphate of alum, alumina or the earthy
compounds containing the oxides or base of the metal aluminium or I sometimes
employ such method for the extracting or deposition of iron with or without being
alloyed by deposition with other metal or metals or the extraction of gold and
with or without heating liquid employed. I sometimes treat the metallic oxide or
base or the metallic salts or any combination of them with suitable chemical
agents or agents with or without heat I sometimes first extract or precipitate
from the base or compound with or without chemical agents and by varying the
chemical agents employed provide for the separation precipitation or extraction of
the metals from the compounds or ore
I sometimes employ carbon or coke and introduce or mix the same pulverized or
otherwise with the material from which the metal is to be extracted a terminal or
conductor or a series of them so that such material will be adapted to constitute an
electrode or an anode when arranged in conjunction with another electrode or a
cathode which is preferably composed of one or more carbon sheets or plates or of
pulverized carbon; or metal plates sheets or scraps can be employed as the electrode
or cathode with or without carbon. The electrodes or elements may be separated
from each other by distance or by a sheet of insulating material or by a porous
diaphragm and may be arranged vertically or horizontally or in any other desired
position. The said electrodes are immersed either partially or entirely in a liquid
or solution which may be the one employed for attacking or decomposing the
metal. This liquid or solution may be heated by air steam gas or any combination
of them introduced into such liquid through pipes or inlets or the said liquid or
solution may be heated in any other manner desired and where practicable by the
consumption or burning of gas evolved electrically in gas holders either as hydrogen
alone with or without carburetting or oxygen and hydrogen by electrolitic
decomposition in electro chemical batteries or otherwise the gas or gases being
conducted into separate holders through pipes or retained in the upper portion of
the magazine I employ a safety valve or safety valves combined mechanically or
electrically or both mechanically and electrically with charging circuit or generating
device operated through the agency of natural forces gas engines steam thermo
electric hydro electric generators or any combination of them and in some cases
combine the cut offs with the fuel or gas supply produced electrically or otherwise
or by the direct application of heat or by gas produced in the usual manner from
carbonaceous materials or by pumping air into a reservoir and carburetting the
same during the samo operation or subsequently as the gas being utilized for the
direct conversion into heat by firing or for the development ef electric currents
with or without the medium of machinery I can provido a reserve of power and
can utilize any surplus of power natural or otherwise with or without accumulating
or storing power in the form of electric energy or adapted to develop an electric
current in an external circuit as herein set forth.
By such means I regulate the consumption of gas or fuel or the conservation of
power and regulate or utilize the source of power and I regulate the temperature of
the liquid in the electrolitic bath or depositing chambers these improvements may
be adapted to regulate through the medium of a mechanical or electrical governor
the supply of gas to the cylinders of a gas engine or the firing of the gas in the
cylinder or the supply of steam in the flow of water to a turbine or the speed of a
wind mill or the generation or the conservation of the current dependent upon the
speed of the generator or shaft of the wind-mill water wheel or other engine or the
conservation of power electrically or both electrically and otherwise and I may
employ thermo regulating devices or means connected with the gas system or
holder fuel supply and described in the referred to Specifications the thermo
regulating devices may be provided with cut off or circuit making devices adapted
to operate in the charging circuit from the generator or electric magazine or any

page_text: combination of them so as to decrease or stop the generation or to decrease stop or
provide for the conservation of electric energy or the waste of energy or to provide
for directing the current into another circuit (or to provide for the accumulation of
power electrically or otherwise) or circuits in which the energy may be conserved
or stored in electric magazines or batteries or be otherwise utilized either for the
extraction precipitation or deposition of a metal or metals or for the development
of light heat motive power or for traction purposes through the medium of
incandescent or other electric lighting devices electric motors electric heaters
adapted to operate in such electric circuit or circuits in series parallel circuit or
series or series in parallel circuit or the reverse or any combination of them
suitable switching devices automatically and otherwise operative being provided in
such circuits with or without one or more electric circuits from the generating
devices or electric magazines at one or more stations or places or any combination
of them in one or more parts of the system adapted to supply electric energy for
the operation of vehicles railway trains or engines, vessels or other portable devices
or systems fitted or equipped with electrical circuits and devices or means for the
translation of electric energy into light heat brake or motive power or for the
purpose of traction or any combination of them with or without accumulating
devices upon one or more of the portable objects suitable switching and regulating
devices being provided in such circuits for rendering the discharging circuit or
circuits independent of the generating source or supply for a given time and devices
or means for varying the clectric potential or regulating the electromotive force or
tension of the current in the charging or discharging circuits so as to provide for
utilizing converting or regulating the force of the current or for reducing or
minimizing the amount of metal employed in the insulated electrical circuit or
circuits or to provide reserves of power in the form of electric energy at one or more
or any number of points stations or places in the system adapted to be charged
vivified or be operated or operative in charging and discharging or working circuits
for the development of light heat motive power brako power or traction purposes
or other purposes in an electrical system as herein provided or in combination with
the methods means or elements of the system for generating distributing storing
measuring recording regulating or utilizing for lighting heating motive power
traction or other purposes electric energy in any of the applications or combinations
as herein provided for or as set forth in the herein referred to specifications of
Letters Patent and application for Provisional Protection or any of them or any
combination of them or of the special claiming clauses of such Patents with the
improvements heroin set forth, and I sometimes provide for the decomposition of a
liquid material or compound by electrolitic or electro chemical action and provide
for the accumulation in a gas tight reservoir reservoirs or receivers of the gas
or gases evolved by such process and I utilize the gas or gases so evolved
with or without steam or air and with or without carburetting which are
conducted through suitable pipes provided with check valves to the combustion
chambers furnaces puddling furnaces or other industrial applications or for
the heating of rooms compartments or spaces the extraction of metal or metals
from their ores or base by heat given off the combustion of the gas or for
the operation of gas engines I also employ vats or retorts composed of or built
up or lined with an earthy or insulating inaterial or compound which will not be
attacked by the chemical agent or agents employed to facilitate or effect the
decomposition or disintegration of the metal from its compound or base. These
vats or retorts may be formed in such a manner as to provide for the material
being distributed in thin layers horizontally or otherwise and may be of large
dimensions. Or I may employ a series of such vats or retorts and so construct
them that the gas or gases given off in the process of decomposition or extraction
of the metal may be collected for use to assist in heating the material or for other
purposes. Those vats or retorts may be built up or lined with porcelain or
equivalent material and may have porous partitions or divisions formed or.
composed of granulated pumice stone or the like or such partitions or divisions

page_text: may have apertures or openings through them or be otherwise arranged or
constructed so as to provide for the deposition precipitation or extraction of the
metal from the material compound or base arranged to operate as an electrode or
anode. Heat may be applied to the material from which the metal is to be
extracted only. By connecting the electrodes or elements so as to constitute a
battery the extraction deposition or precipitation of the metal will be facilitated.
Or the said electrodes or elements may be placed in an electrical circuit with a
generator of electric currents or with an accumulating store or magazine or with
any combination of such devices on means connected with these electrodes or
elements in such a manner as to provide for utilizing the current from a generator
or store for the extraction of the metal from the base or compound and the
precipitation or deposition of such metal upon the cathode or a series of them or
the extraction and precipitation of the metal from one element or part of the vat
or retort to the other element or part thereof.. I sometimes for these retorts in
such a manner as to provide for the precipitation or deposition of the metal in
an independent chamber. This result may be accomplished under different
constructions or arrangements one method being the decomposition of the metal by
chemical agents say an alkaline solution which is drawn from the decomposing
chamber into a separate chamber where I provide for electrically or otherwise
depositing or precipitating the metal contained in such solution upon cathodes or
electrodes of carbon metal or other material having an affinity for metal. And I
may employ sheets of aluminium and carbon in such vats retorts or chambers so
as to provide for the deposition of the metal from the solution upon the cathode of
áluminium. Or I may employ sheets or ingots of copper or other metal or an
alloy whereon to deposit the aluminium: These sheets or ingots may provide for
the subsequent formation of an alloy by fusion or heat which may be rolled into
sheets wires plates or bars. Or the aluminium may be removed from the carbon
or base electrically chemically mechanically or by heat.
Under such methods of extracting metals I am enabled to utilize the natural
forces such as the wind tide or the force or fall of water or the heat of the sun or
artificial heat or any combination of them by converting such forces into electric
energy and preferably accumulating or storing such energy (through the medium
of gases or electro chemically or both or otherwise) constantly or intermittently in
such a manner as to provide for the entire conservation of the power in accordance
with the devices or means employed for converting such forces into electric energy
or so as to provide for utilizing the capital expenditure for such devices to the
best advantage and holding power in reserve for the extraction of a metal or
metals as before described with or without being used in combination with devices
or means for distributing or utilizing electric energy for lighting heating or motive
power or for the purpose of traction or for other purposes as will be fully
understood by reference to my method of converting power into electric energy or
constructing and working a system of electrical distribution or devices as herein
provided or described in the Specifications of former Letters Patent dated
February 13th A.D. 1882 N° 700. February 16th A.D. 1882 N° 766 February 22nd
A.D. 1882. N° 856 March 10th A.D. 1882 N° 1174 March 30th A.D. 1882
N° 1556 May 30th AD 1882 N° 2558 August 22nd A.D 1882 N° 4034 and
No 24 January 1st A.D. 1883 In some cases I employ secondary batteries
accumulators electric reservoirs or magazines adapted to provide for the conservation
or storage of electric energy electro chemically through the medium of gases or
otherwise and I employ such accumulating or storing devices in one or more of the
circuits partially or entirely insulated for the purpose of holding the energy in
reserve and for regulating and converting the force of the current or the electric
potential in the discharging circuits in one or more of the circuits of the system in
which are employed the electrode or elements arranged in such a manner as to be
adapted to provide for the extraction precipitation or deposition of the metal from
the metallic base or compound.
. I provide switching devices electric circuit and governing devices-for controlling.

page_text: the supply of electric energy to such electrodes or elements and the switching
devices may be automatically operative electrically by pressure or by the evolution
of gas or compression of air or gas or the pumping of liquid with or without
weights or springs being employed so as to represent the amount of work
relatively to the amount of metal extracted or deposited. Such automatic cut
off may be combined with an armature or core of a magnet or solenoid of
simple or compound form or with a lever adapted to be operated by the deposition
on somewhat the same principle as an electro depositing compressing pumping or
other meter and cut off devices and measuring and recording mechanism may be
combined with these devices so as to record the consumption of energy the
conservation development or utilization of energy and a cominutator or switching
devices automatically operated by the meter device by time mechanism electrically
or otherwise may be employed so as to provide for directing the current from
one set of such electrodes or elements into other set sets groups or series when the
metal shall have been extracted or deposited as herein provided for or the
switching devices may be operated by hand or both by hand and electrically or
otherwise, any means which will indicate a given or proportionate amount of work
in the circuit or circuits will provide for measuring and recording the current
passing or the amount of work done can be combined with switching or
cominutating devices in such a manner as to cut one set or series of electrodes or
elements out of the circuit from the generating source or storage source or both
and putting another set or series of electrodes or elements in the charging circuit
in series or parallel circuit. By the employment of a series of these devices I am
enabled to provide for constantly utilizing the current for the extraction or
deposition of the metal or metals from their bases or compounds through the
medium of a series or groups of electrodes or elements adapted to be placed
automatically or otherwise in the electric circuit these electrodes may be adapted
to be combined in the circuit in series parallel circuit through the medium of
grouping boxes or a centrallized system of switches or the like and during such
time as I am not able to utilize the current I provide for conserving or storing the
energy through the medium of accumulating or storing devices as before stated
and I preferably employ groups or series of these accumulating devices or batteries
having extensions or terminals extending to a grouping box or centralized systemn
of switches mounted upon one or more rotating shafts or endwise or movable bars
adapted to move or operate across the terminals extending from the electrodes or
elements the circuits may be completed through liquids metallic or otherwise and
for the purpose of ensuring good electrical contacts I sometimes employ mercurial
contacts and employ glycerine or other insulating and protecting mediuin upon the
surface of the mercury the mercury being enclosed in an insulating box the
commutating or switching devices are arranged and adapted to operato in such a
manner as to provide for charging one part or series of accumulating devices
coupled in parallel circuit or in series dependent upon the distance of such device
from the generating source or the electrodes or elements adapted to provide for the
extraction of the metal or metals can be adapted to operate in a similar manner
and when desired to connect in the translating circuits for the development of
light or other purpose and be adapted to operate as regulators of potential in the
translating circuits these accumulating devices or the electrodes or elements being
adapted to operate in the circuits so that some part or series may be connected in
the discharging or working circuit with or without containing the electrodes or
elements adapted to provide for the extraction precipitation or deposition as before
stated.
These electrodes or elements from which the metal is extracted precipitated or
deposited may be used or employed in an electrical system of distribution or an
apparatus or system for generating and distributing electric energy for the purpose
partly or entirely of utilizing the capital expended in generating apparatus to its
full capacity that is to say when some predetermined maximum storage of energy
in an electrical system shall be reached any surplus which can be produced by

page_text: the generating apparatus can be utilized either directly from the storage systems
or from the generator or both and through the medium of suitable electric
conductors connections or circuits and switching devices which may be automatically
operative as before stated the clements which provide for the extraction of the
metal need only be in the circuit when such maximum storage of energy in the
system shall be reached. Or such elements may be adapted to use as absorbents
in the electrical system and the electrical circuit may be completed through them
through the medium of an insulated circuit or by earth an insulated circuit with
return by earth or otherwise and I provide for connecting such number of them
in series as will be suited to the force of the current transmitted through the
charging circuit for instance when utilizing the natural force from some distant.
point such as the wind, the tide or the force or fall of water or the waste heat
from furnaces or works or when coal or other agents either as gas carbonic oxide
or otherwise are converted into electric energy at some distant point by the direct
transformation of heat into electric energy through the medium of Thermo
electric generators or the evolution of gases or by the employment of steam or
gas engines or any combination of these means sometimes it is desirable to
transmit the currents with high tension in order to lessen the amount of metal
employed in the electrical circuit. In such cases the tension of the current
transmitted or the potential being high I may connect the elements from which it
is designed to extract the metal in series in the charging circuit through the
incdium of a centrallized system of switches and conductors commutating or
switching devices at which points of contact I preferably employ an insulating
liquid as will be understood with reference to the hereinbefore referred to Patents
and application.
The number of the elements coupled in series in the charging circuit being.
dependent upon the force of the current transmitted.
I may employ a series or sets of groups of these elements adapted to operate
independently of each other and connected with the charging circuit or the
electrodes or elements from which the metal is extracted may be adapted to
operate in the circuits so as to provide for utilizing the full force of the generators
for useful work these devices and means elements or electrodes adapted to operate
for the extraction of a metal or metals may be adapted to operate in the
discharging or translating circuits and may be connected at will or automatically
in such circuits so as to develop the current in the external circuits (containing
the translating or storing devices in multiple arc series or any combination
of circuits) with an electro motive force dependent upon the number of elements
coupled in series in such circuits that is to say the electrodes or elements.
in the vats reservoirs or retorts adapted to provide for the extraction of aluminium
or other metal can be utilized as batteries or magazines for the accumulating of
power in the form of electric energy and develop power in the external circuit
through the medium automatically or otherwise operative switching devices as
employed with other form of batteries accumulators or regulating devices or
alternately consecutively or intermittently being in the charging and discharging
circuits as herein set forth in any of the combinations applications or uses.
The improvements herein described or any portion or combination of them are
intended to be used in combination with or independently of the improvements
set forth in the Specification of my following Letters Patent namely No 5229
30th November 1881 N° 5233 30th November 1881 N° 5742 31" December 1881
No 85 6th January 1882 N° 224 16th January 1882 N° 700 13th February
1882 No 766 16th February 1882 N° 856 22nd February 1882 N° 1174 10th March
1882 N° 1556 30th March 1882 N° 2558 30th May 1882 N° 4034 22nd August 1882
No 24 1st January 1883 and N° 2147 27th April 1883 and in my application for

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Stokes Williams in the Patent Office on the 26th April
1884.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION, STORAGE REGULATION,
DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS
THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OR OPERATION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
regulation distribution measurement and utilization of electricity and in apparatus
methods or means therefor and in apparatus devices or means employed in the
construction or working of an apparatus or system of electrical distribution and
the said invention relates partly to methods and means for utilizing the generating
apparatus to their full capacity or so as to provide for utilizing a surplus of power
or head at gas works manufacturing establishments or elsewhere or devices or
means for converting natural forces or power and utilizing such power or surplus
of such power by its conversion into electric energy and the storage of such energy
or any surplus of energy capable of being developed either of high or low potential
in the electric circuits of energy capable of being produced by the generating
devices or apparatus over what would be required in an electrical system of
distribution the device may be operated through the medium of natural forces
such as the wind, the tide, or the force or fall of water and wind mills turbines or
water wheels with or without means for carburetting the air so compressed and
utilizing such carburetted air for the generation of electric currents or other
purposes or by the conversion of coal or fuel into electric energy through the
medium of steam or gas for the operation of suitable engines connected or
combined with the generating machines thermo electric generator or gas generators
or any combination of the. which may be adapted to operate or be combined with
one or more of the electrical circuits of the system preferably through the medium
of accumulating devices magazines or batterics adapted to be charged vivified or
revivified and to hold electric energy in reserve at one or more points in the
electrical system of distribution and so as to make the discharging circuits
operative and to regulate the potential in such circuits independently of the
potential in other circuits or the charging circuit or circuits or to form part of the
equipment of vessels vehicles trains elevators or other portable objects (so as to
regulate convert or vary the potential in one or more of the electrical circuits
thereon) adapted to operate from fixed or determined points places or stations or
to be operated over same fixed or determined line of rail or metallic circuit with or
without conserving or accumulating devices designed to form part of or operate in
conjunction with an electric circuit or system forming part of one or more of such
portable objects with or without devices or means for connecting and disconnecting
automatically or otherwise one or more electric circuits upon one or more
independent portable objects or vehicles with one or more electric circuits upon
other vehicles or with one or more stationary circuits and with or without
independent accumulating or conserving devices adapted to provide for holding
energy reserve upon each of such waggons or vehicles or other portable objects
and with or without utilizing the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit or
circuits in the stationary and portable parts of the system or either of them or any
combination of an insulated circuit with partly uninsulated circuits with the
devices ca¹ for accumulating or storing energy and the electric potential
convertors, or current transformers or regulators or the devices for translating

page_text: electric energy such as lighting apparatus (either are 2 or incandescent 1) heating
apparatus for warming buildings or heating metals liquids or other purposes or for
the translation of electric energy into motive power either for traction or other
purposes or for the deposition or extraction of metals by heat or electro deposition
or for the heating of bais metals or materials in passing through rolls or adapted
to be compressed die'd or formed within moulds or shaping devices when heated by
the electric current as set forth in my former Letters Patent the circuits or devices
in which the energy is translated or adapted to be translated being connected in
the electrical circuits in series, parallel circuit, multiple series or series or any
combination of such circuits insulated or partially insulated with return by earth
or the reverse the accumulating devices being adapted to provide for the
conservation of power in the form of electric energy electro chemically or through
the medium of a gas or gases, condensers or any combination of such means
adapted to provide a reserve in one or more of the circuits or to serve as electro
motive force or potential convertors regulators or reducers with or without
induction devices in one or more of the circuits of the system to operate as
potential regulators of alternating or continuous current or to convert continuous
currents into alternating currents in the working circuits or vice versa for lighting
heating motive power or other purposes and being combined or adapted to be
combined in the clec ric circuit through the medium of switching or commutating
devices so as to provide for varying or regulating the supply or potential in
independent circuits or for varying regulating and stopping or diminishing the
discharge of the current from the devices or means in which the electric energy is
stored or held in reserve or from the main electric circuit. The various improve-
ments combinations applications or methods of working as claimed or described in
the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf or any
combination of them are adapted to be used in combination with the improvements
combinations applications or inethods of working as herein provided for.
By such method of working I am enabled to utilize the full capacity of the plant
at industrial works or elsewhere or devices or means for converting a natural force
or power or the force or fall of water or the force of the wind into electric energy
through the medium of water wheels turbines windmills or otherwise and to provide
for storing any surplus of power in the form of electric energy over that which may
he necessary for the operation of the machinery in such works or elsewhere or the
plant may be utilized mostly or entirely during a given time for the operation of
the machinery and at other times for converting power into electric energy and
storing such energy at one or more points places or stations connected or adapted
to be connected with the electric circuit. In order to provide for such a method of
working I combine permanently or at intervals with the shaft or axle of the engine
(either gas air steam or any combination of them) or with the turbine or water
wheel or wind engine (for utilizing the force or fall of water or the force of the
wind) a dynamo or magneto electro machine or machines and I regulate the
current developed (if any) by such machines dependent upon the speed of the shaft
or axle or upon the amount of work imposed upon the same The generators miny
be adapted to operate as fly wheels and continuous or alternating current producers
with devices or means in the electrical circuit or circuits therefrom for conserving
or utilizing the energy developed I preferably employ generating machines whoso
elements are connected in the electrical circuits and adapted to operate in conjunc-
tion with one or more inductive poles or one or more magnetic fields in which one
or more poles are employed in such a manner as to provide for the induction of a
current in one or more set of elements connected with the external circuit in series
or parallel circuit or as a continuous circuit without the reversal of the current
during any portion of the movement of one or more of the elements in one
direction
The conducting elements of the pole or pole pieces or magnetic element or
elements both stationary and movable may be. connected in a continuous circuit
with or without.utilizing the inductive action of the earth... Tho.magnetic element

page_text: or elements may consist of a permanent or electro magnet or inagnets of horseshoe
or other form with or without being connected in the external circuit and with or
without the movable element or elements being connected in the external circuit
at the axle and with or without commutating devices and with or without
employing a liquid in the electrical circuit between the portions of the circuit of
the machine and the external circuit and with or without the completion of the
electrical circuit from the periphery of the armature or moving portion and with
or without employing a liquid in such circuit metallic or otherwise adapted to
operate in conjunction with the periphery of the said armature element or moving
portion and with or without the conducting element or elements of a magnetic
pole or poles being included in the main external circuit and with or without
utilizing the inductive action of the earth or the earth as a portion of the electrical
circuit and with devices or means connected or adapted to be connected in the
external circuit automatically or otherwise in series or parallel circuit or both or
any combination of such circuits at one or more points places or stations in the
electrical circuit, or the main electrical circuit or circuits may be completed with
the element or elements of the generating machine at the periphery or at axis
of the moving portion by induction or through a partially insulating liquid. A
special construction of the elements of some of these machines are more fully
described in the Specifications of Letters Patent and Provisional Specification
herein referred to.
In order to provide for an extended surface adapted to be connected with the
external circuit I sometimes so arrange the conducting material that it presents a
surface with their edges or broader surface towards the inductive pole, like a
series of bars united together alternatively so as to form a continuous conductor
in section or a continuous conductor with the ends thereof extending to the rings
or commutators upon the axle when such conducting material is mounted upon the
moving part or otherwise to provide for the flow of the current through the
external circuit as set forth. Or the external circuit may be formed by the
stationary elements or be mounted upon or form part of the magnet or magnets
arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction with the movable or rotating
permanent or electro magnets so that the current will be induced in the conducting
portion of the stationary element or elements connected with or adapted to form
part of the external circuit. The conducting elements may have the form of a
continuous coil or fold of conducting material as a single conductor let into or
formed in recesses or grooves dovetailed or otherwise in magnetic or non-magnetic
material and lengthwise of the axle or at an angle thereto or of a spiral or screw
form or the equivalent thereof around the armature from end to end or portions
thereof let in or formed in recesses or grooves dovetailed or otherwise or the
conducting material may be let into or formed in recesses at the ends or faces of
the magnets or elements or both the end faces and the other portions thereof with
the edges or broadest parts towards the inductive pole or poles and the conducting
elements may be arranged in a similar and in reverse manner on the stationary
and movable elements.
In order to govern the production of the currents I sometimes employ a governor
combined or adapted to be combined with such axle which governor has combined
with it an adjustable circuit maker or breaker with means for increasing or
decreasing or regulating the resistance through a series of circuits or otherwise the
norinal position of the circuit maker or series of them being such as to prevent the
development of a current from the generator except when a predetermined speed
is reached or a predetermined current can be produced when such speed is reached
or the predetermined current can be developed by the generator such current will
be in proportion or in accordance with the position of such circuit maker or breaker
or a series of them in the electrical circuit to the generator. Or a series of
generators may be combined with or driven from the saine shaft and be adapted to
operate through the medium of circuit makers or breakers so as to offer resistance
in the movement of the shaft or axle according to any decrease or variation in the

page_text: work being done through the medium of the machinery driven from the engine
or engines. The governing device or devices may be connected or combined with
the gas or fuel supply for firing the boiler when steam is used or both the gas and
fuel supply and the cut offs in the steam supply pipes to the cylinders or with the
cut-offs in the gas or fuel supply for the operation of gas or air engines or with
the inlets or channels to a turbine or water wheel or with the gas or fuel supply or
heating agent of thermo electric generator or gas batteries or producers or any
combination of them. Or I may employ an electric generator or a portion of the
current from an electric generator for completing or regulating the circuit to the main
generator or for increasing the power of the generator in proportion as the speed
increases. I connect the clements of the generating machine with the element of an
accumulating device or a series of them which are preferably so connected in tho
electrical circuit as to be charged or revivified with the minimum current or
current of low force developed in the electrical circuit by the generating machine
and I employ independent sets or groups of accumulating devices electro chemical
or otherwise so as to provide for one or more parts set or groups of elements being
in the charging circuit from the generator coupled for quantity whilst one or more
other parts sets or groups of elements are adapted to discharge into one or more
discharging or working circuits in tension series or otherwise or so as to regulate
or vary the potential in the charging and discharging circuits through the medium
of conserving regulating converting and other devices or means as set forth in tho
Specification of the Letters Patent and the Provisional Specification herein referred
to; through the insulated or partially insulated circuits or any combination of them
in which electric translating devices are adapted to operate in parallel circuits or
series or any combination of such circuits for the translation of electric energy into
light, heat, motive power or for the purposes of traction over fixed or determined
electrical circuits such as elevators tramway or railway lines or the like with or
without devices or means adapted to provide for the accumulation or storage of
electric energy through the medium of the electrical circuit and conserving devices
forming part of the equipment of the waggon vehicle train or other portable object.
I provide an automatic cut off in the electrical circuit between the accumulating
devices upon the portable objects and the source or store of electric energy in the
stationary portion of the system, either on the portable objects or in the stationary
portion of the electric circuit such cut off being adapted to operate so as to prevent
the return flow of the current from the accumulating or storage devices forming
part of the equipment of the portable object or train. I also provide such
automatic cut offs in the charging circuits to the stationary conserving or storing
devices or in the charging circuit to independent conserving or accumulating
devices and between the generating device or series of them and the main electrical
discharging or developing circuit or circuits.
These cut off devices can be electrically or electro-chemically operated with or
without the medium of gas or gases under pressure devolved from electro chemical
or gas batteries electro-deposition or by the expansion or contraction of a liquid or
solid through the medium of heat evolved through the electric current or pumping
devices with or without the agency of weights electrically operative the cut off
devices being preferably adapted to operate upon the charging circuit through the
medium of a derived loop or shunt circuit which represents a portion of the current
passing as more fully set forth in the Specifications of former Letters Patent herein
mentioned circuit making devices of simple or compound construction being
adapted to operate for controlling the current to the translating devices auto-
Datically by time mechanism electrically by pressure through the medium of gas
or gas.s varying pressure or otherwise with or without being combined with time
or speed mechanism or by hand or by any combination of such means for
controlling the translation of such energy in the various main-branch sub-branch
derived or loop circuit through the medium of independent circuits and
devices adapted to operate in the charging or discharging circuits through
the medium of simple or compound circuit makers or circuits or otherwise

page_text: so as to vary the resistance or conductivity in such circuits or so as to
regulate reduce or vary the supply or the electro motive force or tension of the
currents in the discharging working or translating circuits dependent upon the
number of translating devices in operation that is to say dependent upon the
resistance of the circuit and the amount of energy expended or the amount of
light by incandescent or are lamps or dependent upon the amount of energy
expended for the development of motive power through the medium of electric
motors stationary or portable for the purposes of traction or both or for the
development of heat or for the deposition of metals or for the heating of metals
liquids or other purposes or dependent upon the conservation of electric energy
(the devices or elements for accumulating or storing energy being connected in the
electrical circuit in parallel circuit or series or any combination of such circuits)
at one or more points places or stations in one or more of the electric circuits of
the system either stationary portable or both or dependent upon the consumption
or conservation of electric energy for use upon the portable objects such as trains
vehicles vessels elevators &c on the amount of energy consumed for propelling or
operating portable objects over fixed or determined points or stations electrical
circuits or any combination of electrical circuits and of devices or moans for
accumulating storing regulating or varying the electric potential in the charging
and discharging circuits or in the same circuit independent discharging or working
circuits in the stationary or portable system or parts thereof or either of them.
In some cases I provide for utilizing electric currents in a general system or
apparatus or system of electrical distribution of lighting heating motive power or
the purposes of traction or any combination of such purposes by employing
methods and means for the. extraction of metals or metallic compounds or ores
or from silicates or quartz with or without the agency of chemical solutions either
acid or alkaline by utilizing the material from which the metal is to be extracted
with or without carbon or coke mixed therewith so as to constitute an electrode or
anode of a battery with return by earth or an insulated circuit with its electrodes
coupled in series or multiple are multiple series or otherwise in the electric circuit
with an electric generator operated by natural forces or steam or gas engine or
otherwise or with a gas battery thermo electric generator or in a circuit with
accumulators or magazines charged or revivified from a generating source or any
combination of generating or storing devices and electric circuits and translating
devices such electric motors heaters lighting apparatus arc and incandescent portable
objects such as trains waggons vessels elevators hoisting apparatus or the liko
equipped with electric circuits with or without accumulating or converting devices
in one or more circuits of the system either stationary or portable or both as will
be understood with reference to the aforesaid Patents granted to me or on my
behalf This method of working is applicable for the extraction of aluminium from
alum, sulphate of alum, alumina or the earthy compounds containing the oxides or
base of the metal aluminium or I sometimes employ such method for the extracting
or deposition of iron with or without being alloyed by deposition with other
metal or metals or the extraction of gold and with or without heating the liquid
employed. I sometimes treat the metallic oxide or base or the metallic salts or
any combination of them with suitable chemical agent or agents with or without
heat I sometimes first extract or precipitate from the base or compound with or
without chemical agents and by varying the chemical agents employed provide
for the seperation precipitation or extraction of the metals from the compounds
or ore.
I sometimes employ carbon or coke and introduce or mix the same pulverized or
otherwise with the material from which the metal is to be extracted a terminal or
conductor or a series of them so that such material will be adapted to constitute an
electrode or an anode when arranged in conjunction with another electrode or a
cathode which is preferably composed of one or more carbon sheets or plates or of
pulverized carbon; or metal plates sheets or scraps can be employed as the electrode
or cathode with or without carbon, The electrodes or elements may be separated

page_text: from each other by distance or by a sheet of insulating material or by a porous
diaphragm and may be arranged vertically or horizontally or in any other desired
position. The said electrodes are immersed either partially or entirely in a liquid
or solution which may be the one employed for attacking or decomposing the
metal. This liquid or solution may be heated by air steam gas or any combination
of them introduced into such liquid through pipes or inlets or the said liquid or
solution may be heated in any other manner desired and where practicable by the
consumption or burning of gas evolved electrically in gas holders either as
hydrogen alone with or without carburetting or oxygen and hydrogen by
electrolitic decomposition in electro chemical batteries or otherwise the gas or
gases being conducted into separate holders through pipes or retained in the upper
portion of the magazine I employ a safety valve or safety valves combined
mechanically or electrically or both mechanically and electrically with charging
circuit or generating device operated through the agency of natural forces gas
engines steam thermo electric hydro electric generators or any combination of them
and in some cases combine the cut offs with the fuel or gas supply produced
electrically or otherwise or by the direct application of heat or by gas produced in
the usual manner from carbonaceous materials or by pumping air into a reservoir
and carburetting the same during the same operation or subsequently as the gas
being utilized for the direct conversion into heat by firing or for the development
of electric currents with or without the medium of machinery I can provide a
reserve of power and can utilize any surplus of power natural or otherwise with or
without accumulating or storing power in the form of electric energy or adapted to
develop an electric current in an external circuit as herein set forth
By such means I regulate the consumption of gas or fuel or the conservation of
power and regulate or utilize the source of power and I regulate the temperature
of the liquid in the electro litic bath or depositing chambers these improvements
may be adapted to regulate through the medium of a mechanical or electrical
governor the supply of gas to the cylinders of a gas engine or the firing of the gas
in the cylinder or the supply of steam in the flow of water to a turbine or the
speed of a wind mill or the generation or the conservation of the current dependent
upon the speed of the generator or shaft of the wind mill water wheel or other
engine or the conservation of power electrically or both electrically and otherwise
and I may employ thermo regulating devices or means connected with the gas
system or holder fuel supply and described in the referred to Specifications the
thermo regulating devices may be provided with cut off or circuit making devices
adapted to operate in the charging circuit from the generator or electric magazine
or any combination of them so as to decrease or stop the generation or to decrease
stop or provide for the conservation of electric energy or the waste of energy
or to provide for directing the current into another circuit (or to provide for the
accumulation of power electrically or otherwise) or circuits in which the energy
may be conserved or stored in electric magazines or batteries or by otherwise
utilizing either for the extraction precipitation or deposition of a metal or metals
or for the development of light heat motive power or for traction purposes through
the medium of incandescent or other electric lighting devices electric motors
electric heaters adapted to operate in such electric circuit or circuits in series
parallel circuit or series or series in parallel circuit or the reverse or any com-
bination of them suitable switching devices automatically and otherwise operative
being provided in such circuits with or without one or more electric circuits from
the generating devices or electric magazines at one or more stations or places or
any combination of them in one or more parts of the systom adapted to supply
electric energy for the operation of vehicles railway trains or engines vessels or
other portable devices or systems fitted or equipped with electrical circuits and
devices or means for the translation of electric energy into light heat brake or
motive power or for the purpose of traction or any combination of them with or
without accumulating devices upon one or more of the portable objects suitable
switching and regulating devices being provided in such circuits for rendering the

page_text: discharging circuit or circuits independent of the generating source or supply for a
given time and devices or means for varying the electric potential or regulating
the electromotive force or tension of the current in the charging or discharging
circuits so as to provide for utilizing converting or regulating the force of the
current or for reducing or minimizing the amount of metal employed in the
insulated electrical circuit or circuits or to provide reserves of power in the form
of electric energy at one or more or any number of points stations or places in the
system adapted to be charged vivified or be operated or operative in charging and
discharging or working circuits for the development of light heat motive power
brake power or traction purposes or other purposes in an electrical system as herein
provided or in combination with the methods means or elements of the system. for
generating distributing storing measuring recording regulating or utilizing for
lighting heating'motive power traction or other purposes electric energy in any of
the applications or combinations as herein provided for or as set forth in the
herein referred to specifications of Letters Patent or any of them or any combination
of them or of the special claiming clauses of such Patents with the improvements
herein set forth and I sometimes provide for the decomposition of a liquid material
or compound by electrolitic or electro chemical action and provide for the
accumulation in a gas tight reservoir reservoirs or receivers of the gas or gases
evolved by such process and I utilize the gas or gases so evolved with or without
steam or air and with or without carburetting which are conducted through
suitable pipes provided with check valves to the combustion chambers furnaces
puddling furnaces or other industrial applications or for the heating of rooms
compartments or spaces the extraction of metal or metals from their ores or base
by heat given off the combustion of the gas or for the operation of gas engines I
also employ vats or retorts composed of or built up or lined with an earthy or
insulating material or compound which will not be attacked by the chemical agent
or agents employed to facilitate or effect the decomposition or disintegration of the
metal from its compound or base.
These vats or retorts may be formed in such a manner as to provide for the
material being distributed in thin layers horizontally or otherwise and may be of
large dimensions. Or I may employ a series of such vats or retorts and so
construct them that the gas or gases given off in the process of decomposition or
extraction of the metal may be collected for use to assist in heating the material
or for other purposes. These vats or retorts may be built up or lined with
porcelain or equivalent material and may have porous partitions or divisions formed
or composed of granulated pumice stone or the like or such partitions or divisions
may have apertures or openings through them or be otherwise arranged or
constructed so as to provide for the deposition precipitation or extraction of the
metal from the material compound or base arranged to operate as an electrodo
or anode
Heat may be applied to the material from which the metal is to be extracted
only. By connecting the electrodes or elements so as to constitute a battery the
extraction deposition or precipitation of the metal will be facilitated. Or the said
electrodes or elements may be placed in an electrical circuit with a generator
of electric currents or with any accumulating store or magazine. or with any
combination of such devices or means connected with these electrodes or elements
in such a manner as to provide for utilizing the current from a generator or store
for the extraction of the metal from the base or compound and the precipitation or
deposition of such metal upon the cathode or a series of them or the extraction
and precipitation of the metal from one element or part of the vat or retort to the
other element or part thereof. I sometimes form these retorts in such a mauner
as to provide for the precipitation or deposition of the metal in an independent
chamber, This result may be accomplished under differont constructions, or
arrangements one method being the decomposition of the metal by chemical
gents say an alkaline solution which is drawn from the decomposing chamber
nto a separate chamber where I provide for electrically or otherwise depositing or

page_text: precipitating the metal contained in such solution upon cathodes or electrodes of
carbon metal or other material having an affinity for metal.
And I may employ sheets of aluminium and carbon in such vats retorts or
chambers so as to provide for the deposition of the metal from the solution upon
the cathode of aluminium. Or I may employ sheets or ingots of copper or other
metal or an alloy whereon to deposit the aluminium. The sheets or ingots may
provide for the subsequent formation of an alloy by fusion or heat which may be
rolled into sheets wires plates or bars. Or the aluminium may be removed
from the carbon or base electrically chemically mechanically or by heat.
Under such methods of extracting metals I am enabled to utilize the natural
forces such as the wind tide or the force or fall of water or the heat of the sun or
artificial heat or any combination of them by converting such forces into electric
energy and preferably accumulating or storing such energy (through the medium
of gases or electro chemically or both or otherwise) constantly or intermittently
in such a manner as to provide for the entire conservation of the power in
accordance with the devices or means employed for converting such forces into
electric energy or so as to provide for utilizing the capital expenditure for such
devices to the best advantage and holding power in reserve for the extraction of a
metal or metals as before described with or without being used in combination
with devices or means for distributing or utilizing electric energy for lighting
heating or motive power or for the purpose of traction or for other purposes as
will be fully understood by reference to my method of converting power into
electric energy or constructing and working a system of electrical distribution or
devices as herein provided or described in the Specifications of former Letters
Patent dated February 13th A.D. 1882 N° 700. February 16th A.D. 1882 N° 766.
February 22nd (A.D) 1882 N° 850. March 10th A.D. 1882 No 1174. March 30th
A.D. 1882 N° 1556. May 30th A.D. 1882. N° 2558. August 22nd A.D. 1882,
Nº 4034 and in my Provisional Specification filed January 1 A.D. 1883. N° 24.
In some cases I employ secondary batteries accumulators electric reservoirs or
magazines adapted to provide for the conservation or storage of electric energy
clectro chemically through the medium of gasos or otherwise and I employ such
accumulating or storing devices in one or more of the circuits partially or entirely
insulated for the purpose of holding the energy in reservo and for regulating and
converting the force of the current or the electric potential in the discharging
circuits in one or more of the circuits of the system in which are employed the
electrode or elements arranged in such a manner as to be adapted to provide for
the extraction precipitation or deposition of the metal from the metallic base or
compound
I provide switching devices electric circuit and governing devices for controlling
the supply of electric energy to such electrodes or elements and the switching
devices may be automatically operative electrically by pressure or by the evolution
of gas or compression of air or gas or the pumping of liquid with or without
weights or springs being employed so as to represent the amount of work
relatively to the amount of metal extracted or deposited. Such automatic cut off
may be combined with an armature or core of a magnet or solenoid of simple or
compound form or with a lever adapted to be operated by the deposition on
somewhat the same principal as an electro depositing compressing pumping or
other meter and cut off devices and measuring and recording mechanism may be
combined with these dovices so as to record the consumption of energy the
conservation development or utilization of energy and a commutator or switching
devices automatically operated by the meter device by time mechanism electrically
or otherwise inay be employed so as to provide for directing the current from one
set of such clectrodes or elements into other set sets groups or series when the
metal shall have been extracted or deposited as herein provided for or the switching
devices may be operated by hand or both by hand and electrically or otherwise.
Any means which will indicate a given or proportionate amount of work in the
circuit or circuits will provido for measuring and recording the current passing or

page_text: the amount of work done can be combined with switching or commutating devices
in such a manner as to cut one set or series of electrodes or elements out of the
circuit from the generating source or storage source or both and putting another set or
series of electrodes or elements in the charging circuit in series or parallel circuit.
By the employment of a series of these devices I am enabled to provide for
constantly utilizing the current for the extraction or deposition of the metal or
metals from their bases or compounds through the medium of a series or groups of
electrodes or elements adapted to be placed automatically or otherwise in the
electric circuit these electrodes may be adapted to be combined in the circuit in
series parallel circuit through the medium of grouping boxes or a centrallized
system of switches or the like and during such time as I am not able to utilize the
current I provide for conserving or storing the energy through the medium of
accumulating or storing devices as before stated and I preferably employ groups or
series of these accumulating devices or batteries having extensions or terminals
extending to a grouping box or centralized system of switches mounted upon one
or more rotating shafts or endwise or inovable bars adapted to move or operate
across the terminals extending from the electrodes or elements the circuits may be
completed through liquids metallic or otherwise and for the purpose of ensuring
good electrical contacts I sometimes employ mercurial contacts and employ
glycerine or other insulating and protecting medium upon the surface of the
mercury the mercury being enclosed in an insulating box the commutating or
switching devices are arranged and adapted to operate in such a manner as to
provide for charging one part or series of accumulating devices coupled in parallel
circuit or in series dependent upon the distance of such device from the generating
source or the electrodes or elements adapted to provido for the extraction of the
metal or metals can be adapted to operate in a similar manner and when desired to
connect in the translating circuits for the development of light or other purpose
and be adapted to operate as regulators of potential in the translating circuits
these accumulating devices or the electrodes or elements being adapted to operate
in the circuits so that some part or series may be connected in the discharging or
working circuit with or without containing the electrodes or elements adapted to
provide for the extraction precipitation or deposition as before stated.
its
These electrodes or elements from which the metal is extracted precipitated or
deposited may be used or employed in an electrical system of distribution or an
apparatus or system for generating and distributing electric energy for the purposo
partly or entirely of utilizing the capital expended in generating apparatus
full capacity that is to say when some predetermined maximum storage of energy
in an electrical system shall be reached any surplus which can be produced by the
genorating apparatus can be utilized either directly from the storage systems or
from the generator or both and through the medium of suitable electric conductors
connections or circuits and switching devices which may be automatically operativo
as before stated the elements which provide for the extraction of the metal need
only be in the circuit when such maximum storage of energy in the system shall
be reached. Or such elements may be adapted to use as absorbents in the electrical
system and the electrical circuit may be completed through them through the
medium of an insulated circuit or by earth an insulated circuit with return by
earth or otherwise and I provide for connecting such number of them in series as
will be suited to the force of the current transmitted through the charging circuit
for instance when utilizing the natural force from some distant point such as the
wind, the tide or the force or fall of water or the waste heat from furnaces or
works or when coal or other agents either as gas carbonic oxide or otherwise are
converted into electric energy at some distant point by the direct transformation
of heat into electric energy through the medium of thermo electric generators or
the evolution of gases or by the employment of steam or gas engines or any
combination of these means sometimes it is desirable to transmit the currents with
high tension in order to lessen the amount of metal employed in the electrical
circuit. In such cases the tension of the current transmitted or the potential.
'
Q
.

page_text: being high I may connect the elements from which it is designed to extract the
metal in series in the charging circuit through the medium of a centralized system
of switches and conductors commutating or switching devices at which points of
contact I preferably employ an insulating liquid as will be understood with
reference to the hereinbefore referred to Patents and application.
The number of the elements coupled in series in the charging circuit being
dependent upon the force of the current transmitted.
I may employ a series or sets of groups of these elements adapted to operate
independently of each other and connected with the charging circuit or the
electrodes or elements from which the metal is extracted may be adapted to operate
in the circuits so as to provide for utilizing the full force of the generators for useful
work these devices and ineans elements or electrodes adapted to operate for the
extraction of a metal or metals may be adapted to operate in the discharging or
translating circuits and may be connected at will or automatically in such circuits
50 as to develop the current in the external circuits (containing the translating or
storing devices in multiple arc series or any combination of circuits) with an electro
motive force dependent upon the number of elements coupled in series in such
circuits that is to say the electrodes or elements in the vats reservoirs or retorts
adapted to provide for the extraction of aluminium or other metal can be utilized
as batteries or magazines for the accumulating of power in the form of electric
energy and develop power in the external circuit through the medium automatically
or otherwise operative switching devices as employed with other form of batteries
accumulators or regulating devices or alternately consecutively or intermittently
being in the charging and discharging circuits as herein set forth in any of the
combinations applications or uses.
"
The improvements herein described or any portion or combination of them are
intended to be used in combination with or independently of the improvements set
forth in the Specifications of my following Letters Patent namely N° 5229. 30th
November 1881. N° 5233. 30th November 1881. N° 5742. 31st December 1881.
N° 85. 6 January 1882. N° 224. 16th January 1882. No 700 13th February
1882. N° 766. 16th February 1882. N° 856. 22 February 1882. N° 1174
10th March 1882. N° 1556. 30th March 1882. N° 2558. 30th May 1882. N° 4034.
22nd August 1882. N° 24. 1 January 1883 and N° 2147. 27th April 1883 and in
my application for Letters Patent N° 27th October 1883.
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
regulation distribution measurement and utilization of electricity and in apparatus
methods or means therefor and in apparatus devices or means employed in the
construction or working of an apparatus or system of electrical distribution as in part
set forth and illustrated in my letters patent of prior dates and numbers letters and
figures of reference herein used will indicate certain parts is illustrated in my
patent N°
of 1883 and N°. of 1883. The said invention relates partly
to methods and means for utilizing the generating apparatus to their full capacity
or so to provide for utilizing a surplus of power or heat at gas works inanufacturing
establishments or elsewhere or devices or means or means for converting natural
forces into power and utilizing such power or surplus of such power by its
conversion into electric energy and the storage of such energy or any surplus of
energy capable of being developed either of high or low potential in the electric
circuits of energy capable of being produced by the generating devices or
apparatus a ever what would be required in an electrical system of distribution
the devices may be operated through the medium of natural forces such as the
wind the tide or the force or fall of water and wind-mills turbines or water
wheels with or without means for compressing air and with or without means
for carburetting the air so compressed and utilizing such carburetted air for the
generation of electric currents or other purposes or by the conversion of coal or
fuel into electric energy through the medium of steam or gas for the operation of
Buitable engines connected or combined with the generating machines thermo
electric generators or gas generators a* or any combination of them which may be

page_text: adapted to operate or be combined with one or more of the electrical circuits a or b
of the system preferably through the medium of accumulating devices magazines
or batteries c¹ adapted to be charged vivified or revivified and to hold electric
energy in reserve at one or more points in the electrical system of distribution and
so as to make the discharging circuits b operative and to regulate the potential in
such circuits independently of the potential in other circuits 6 or the charging circuit
or circuits a or to form part of the equivalent of vessels vehicles trains elevators
or other portable objects (so as to regulate convert or vary the potential in one or
more of the electrical circuits thereon) adapted to operate from fixed or determined
points places or stations or to be operated over some fixed or determined line of
rail or metallic circuit with or without conserving or accumulating dovices o
designed to form part of or operate in conjunction with an electric circuit or
system forming part of one or more of such movable objects with or without
devices or means for connecting and disconnecting automatically or otherwise one
or more electric circuits upon one or more independent portable objects or vehicles
with one or more electric circuits upon other vehicles or with one or moro
stationary circuits a band with or without independent accumulating or conserving
devices c adapted to provide for holding energy in reserve upon each of such
waggons or vehicles or other portable objects and with or without utilizing the
earth as a portion of the electrical circuit or circuits in the stationary and portable
parts of the system or either of them or a combination of an insulated circuit with
partly uninsulated circuits with the devices c-a' for accumulating or storing
energy and electric potential convertors or current transformers or regulators c-5
or the devices for translating electric energy such as lighting apparatus (either
arc 2 or incandescent 1) heating apparatus 4 for warming buildings or heating
metals liquids or other purposes or for the translation of electric energy into motive
power either for traction or other purposes or for the deposition or extraction of
metals by heat or electro deposition or for the heating of bars metals or materials
in passing through rolls or adapted to be compressed die'd or formed within moulds
or shaping devices when heated by the electric current as set forth in my former
Letters Patent the circuits or devices in which the energy is translated or adapted
to be translated being connected in the electrical circuits in series parallel circuit;
multiple series or series or any combination of such circuits insulated or partially
insulated with return by earth or the reverse the accumulating devices c being
adapted to provide for the conservation of power in the form of electric energy
electro chemically or through the medium of a gas or gases condensers or any
combination of such means adapted to provide a reserve in one or more of the
circuits a or bor both or to serve as electro motive force or potential convertors
regulators or reducers with or without induction devices c in one or more of the
circuits a or b of the system to operate as potential regulators of alternating or
continuous current or to convert continuous currents into alternating currents in
the working circuits or vice versa for lighting heating motive power or other
purposes and being combined or adapted to be combined in the electric current
through the medium of switching or commutating devices d so as to provide for
varying or regulating the supply or potential in independent circuits or for varying
regulating and stopping or diminishing the discharge of the current from the
devices or means c in which the electric energy is store or held in reserve or from
the main electric circuit a The various improvements combinations applications
or methods of working as claimed or described in the Specifications of former
Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf or any combinations of them are
adapted to be used in combination with the improvements combinations applications
or methods of working as herein provided for.
By such method of working I am enabled to utilize the full capacity of the
plant at industrial works or elsewhere or devices or means for converting a natural
force or power or the force or fall of water or the force of the wind into electric
energy through the medium of water wheels turbines ¹ windmills * or otherwise
and to provide for storing any surplus of power in the form of electric energy over

page_text: that which may be necessary for the operation of the machinery in such works or
elsewhere or the plant may be utilized mostly or entirely during a given time for
the operation of the machinery and at other times for converting power into
electro energy and storing such energy at one or more points places or stations
connected or adapted to be connected with the electric circuit. In order to provide
for such a method of working I combine permanently or at intervals with the
shaft or axle of the engine (either gas air or steam or any combination of them)
or with the turbine or water wheels ¹ or wind engine (for utilizing the force or
fall of water or the force of the wind) a dynamo or magneto electric machin or
machines a and I regulate the current developed (if any) by such machines
dependent upon the speed of the shaft or axlo or upon the amount of work
imposed upon the same (The generators a* may be adapted to operate as fly
wheels and develop continuous or alternating currents producers with devices or
means in the electrical circuit or circuits therefrom for conserving or utilizing the
energy developed I preferably employ generating machines whose elements are
connected in the electrical circuits and adapted to operate in conjunction with one
or more inductive poles or one or more magnetic fields in which one or more poles
are employed in such a manner as to provide for the induction of a current in one
or more set of elements connected with the external circuit in series or parallel
circuit or as a continuous circuit without the reversal of the current during any
portion of the movement of one or more of the elements in one direction. The
conducting elements of the pole or pole pieces or magnetic element or elements
both stationary and movable may be connected in a continuous circuit with or
without utilizing the inductive actions of the earth. The magnetic element or
elements may consist of a permanent or electro magnet or magnets of horse shoe
or other form with or without being connected in the external circuit and with
or without the movable element or elements being connected in the external circuit
at the axle and with or without commutating devices and with or without
employing a liquid in the electrical circuit between the portions of the circuit
of the machine and the external circuit and with or without the completion of
the electrical circuit from the periphery of the armature or moving portion and
with or without employing a liquid in such circuit metallic or otherwise adapted
to operate in conjunction with the periphery of the said armature element or
moving portion and with or without the conducting element or elements of a
magnetic pole or poles being included in the main external circuit and with or
without utilizing the induction action of the earth or the earth as a portion of the
electrical circuit and with devices or means connected or adapted to be connected
in the external circuit automatically or otherwise in series or parallel circuit or
both or any combination of such circuits at one or more points places or stations
in the electrical circuit, or the main electrical circuit or circuits may be completed
with the element or elements of the generating machine at the periphery or at the
axis of the moving portion by induction or through a partially insulating liquid.
A special construction of the elements of some of these machines are more fully
described in the Specifications of Letters Patent and Provisional Specification
herein referred to.
In order to provide for an extended surface adapted to be connected with the
external circuit I sometimes so arrange the conducting material that it presents
a surface with their edges or broader surface towards the inductive pole, like a
series of bars united altogether alternatively so as to form a continuous conductor.
in section or a continuous conductor with the ends thereof extending to the rings
or commutators upon the axle when such conducting material is mounted upon
the moving part or otherwise to provide for the flow of the current through the
external circuit as set forth. Or the external circuit may be formed by the
stationary elements or be mounted upon or form part of the magnet or magnets
arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction with the movablo or rotating
permanent or electro magnets or that the current will be induced in the conducting
portion of the stationary element or elements connected in with or adapted to form.

page_text: part of the external circuit. The conducting elements may have the form of a
continuous coil or fold of conducting material as a single conductor let into or
formed in recesses or grooves dovetailed or otherwise in magnetic or non magnetic
material and lengthwise of the axle or at an angle thereto or of a spiral or screw
form or the equivalent thereof around the armature from end to end or portions
thereof, let in or formed in recesses or grooves dovetailed or otherwise or the
conducting material may be let into or formed in recesses at the ends or faces
of the magnets or elements or both tho end faces and the other portions thereof
with the edges or broaded parts towards the inductive pole or poles and tho
conducting elements may be arranged in a similar and in reverse manner on the
stationary and movable elements.
-
-
In order to govern the production of the currents I sometimes employ a governor
combined or adapted to be combined with such axle or otherwise which governor
has combined with it an adjustable circuit maker or breaker with means for
increasing or decreasing or regulating the resistance through a series of circuits
or otherwise the normal position of the circuit maker or series of them being such
as to prevent the development of a current from the generator gat a" except when
a predetermined speed is reached or a predetermined current can be produced when
such speed is reached or the predetermined current can be developed by the
generator such current will be in proportion or in accordance with the position of
such circuit maker or breaker or a series of them in the electrical circuit to the
generator. Or a series of generators may be combined and be adapted to operate
through the medium of circuit makers or breakers so as to offer resistance in the
movement of the shaft or axle according to any decrease or variation in the work
being done through the medium of the machine driven from engine or engines.
The governing device or devices may be connected or combined with the gas or
fuel supply for firing the boiler when steam is used or both the gas and fuel
supply and the cut offs in the steam supply pipes to the cylinders or with the
cut offs in the gas or fuel supply for the operation of gas or air engines or with
the inlets or channels to a turbine or water wheel or with the gas or fuel supply
or heating agent of thermo electric generator or gas batteries or producers or any
combination of them. Or I may employ an electric generator g at a* or a portion
of the current from an electric generator for regulating the current to the main
generator or for increasing the power of the generator g at a in proportion as the
speed increases I connect the elements of the generating machine g at a with the
elements of an accumulating device c or a series of them which are preferably so
connected in the electrical circuit as to be charged or revivified with a current of
two force developed in the electrical circuit by the generating machine and I
employ independent sets or groups of accumulating devices c electro chemical or
otherwise so as to provide for one or more parts set or groups of elements being in
the charging circuit from the generator g at a coupled for quantity whilst one or
more other parts sets or groups of elements are adapted to discharge into one or
more discharging or working circuits in tension series or otherwise or so as to
regulate or vary the potential in the charging and discharging circuits though the
medium of conserving regulating converting devices c and other devices or means 5
as set forth in the specification of the letters patent and the Provisional specification
herein referred to through insulated or partially insulated circuits or any
combination of them in which electric translating devices aro adapted to operato in
parallel circuits or series or any combination of such circuits for the translation of
electric energy into light, heat, motive power or for the purposes of traction over
fixed or determined electrical circuits such as elevators tramway or railway lines
or the like with or without devices or means adapted to provide for the accumulation
or storage of electric energy through the medium of the electrical circuit and
conserving devices forming part of the equipment of the Waggons Vehicle train
elevator or other movable object I provide automatic cut offs 20 J-32 in the
electrical circuit between the accumulating devices c upon the portabló objects and

page_text: the source or store a¹ c of electric energy in the stationary portion of the system
either on the portable objects or in the stationary portion of the electric circuit
such cut off being adapted to operate so as to cut device c out of circuit when
-charged and to prevent the return flow of the current from the accumulating or
storage devices forming part of the equipment of the portable object train elevator
vessel or the like I also provide such automatic cut offs 20 J. 32. or otherwise in
the charging circuits to the stationary conserving or storing devices c or in the
charging circuit to independent conserving or accumulating devices c and between
the generating device g at a" or series of them and the main electrical discharging
or developing circuit or circuits-a..
These cut off devices 20 can be electrically operated with or without being in
combination with devices or means to represent the conservation of power and to
control the circuit through the medium of gas or gases under pressure evolved from
electro-chemical or gas batteries electro-deposition or by the expansion or contraction
of a liquid or solid through the medium of beat evolved through the electric current
or pumping devices with or without the agency of weights electrically operative
the cut off devices being preferably adapted to operate upon the charging circuit
through the medium of a derived loop or shunt circuit which represents a portion
of the curront passing as more fully set forth in the Specification of my other
'patents herein mentioned circuit making devices of simplo or compound construction
being adapted to operate for controlling the current to the translating devices
automatically by time mechanism electrically by pressure through the medium of a
gas or gases varying or otherwise with or without being combined with time or
speed mechanism or by hand or by any combination of such means for controlling
the translation of such energy in the various main branches sub branch derived or
loop circuit through the medium of independent circuits and devices adapted to
operate in the charging or discharging circuits through the medium of simple or
compound circuit makers or circuits d or otherwise so as to vary the resistance or
conductivity in such circuits or so as to regulate reduce or vary the supply or the
electro motive force or tension of the currents in the discharging working or
translating circuits 6 dependent upon the number of translating devices 1, 2, 3, 4,
in operation that is to say dependent upon the resistance of the circuit and the
amount of energy expended or the amount of light by incandescent or arc lamps
or dependent upon the amount of energy expended for the development of motive
power through the medium of electric motors stationary or portable for the
purposes of traction or both or for development of heat or for the deposition of
metals or for the heating of motals liquids or other purposes or dependent upon the
conservation of electric energy (the devices or elements ca for accumulating or
storing energy being connected in the electrical circuit in parallel circuit or series
or any combination of such circuits) at one or more points places or stations in one
or more of the electric circuits of the system either stationary portable or both or
dependent upon the consumption or conservation of electric energy for use upon
the portable objects such as trains Vehicles Vessels Elevators & on the amount
of energy consumed for propelling or operating portable objects over fixed or
determined points or stations electrical currents or combination of electrical circuits
and of devices or means c for accumulating storing regulating or varying the
electric potential in the charging and discharging circuits or in the independent
discharging or working circuits in the stationary or portable system or parts
thereof or either of them. In some cases I provide for utilizing electric currents
in a general system or apparatus or system of electrical distribution of lighting
heating motive power or the purposes of traction or any combination of such
purposes by employing methods and means for the extraction of metals or metallic
compound or ores or from silicates or quartz with or without the agency of
chemical solutions either acid or alkaline by utilizing the material from which the
metal is to be extracted with or without carbon or coke mixed there with so as to
constitute an electrode or anode of a battery with return by earth or an insulated

page_text: circuit with its electrodes coupled in series or multiple are multiple series or
otherwise in the electric circuit with an electric generator a* operated by devices
or means xx natural forces or steam or gas engine or otherwise or with a gas
battery thermo-electric generator or in a circuit with accumulators or magazines c
charged or revivified from a generating source or combination of generating or
storing devices-a a¹-c and electric circuits and translating devices of such as
electric motors 3 heaters 4 lighting apparatus arc 2 and incandescent 1 portable
objects such as trains Waggons Vessels Elevators hoisting apparatus or the like
equipped with electric circuits with or without accumulating or converting devices o
in one or more circuits of the system either stationary or portable or both as will
be understood with reference to the aforesaid Patents granted to me or on my
behalf. This method of working is applicable for the extraction of aluminium
from alum sulphate of alum alumina or the earthy compound containing the
oxides or base of the metal aluminium or I sometimes employ such method for the
extracting or deposition of iron with or without being alloyed by deposition with
other metal or metals or the extraction of gold and with or without heating the
liquid employed. I sometimes treat the metallic oxide or base or the metallic salts
or any coinbination of them with suitable chemical agent or agents with or without
heat I sometimes first extract or precipitato from the base or compound with or
without chemical agents and by varying the chemical agents employed provide
for the separation precipitation or extraction of the metals from the compounds
or ore.
I sometimes employ carbon or coke and introduce or mix the same pulverized or
otherwise with the material from which the metal is to be extracted or terminal or
conductor or a series of them so that such material will be adapted to
constituted an electrode or an anode when arranged in conjunction with another
electrode or a catbode which is preferably composed of one or more carbon sheets
or plates or of pulverized carbon or metal plates sheets or scraps can be employed
as the electrode or cathode with or without carbon. The electrodes or elements
may be separated from each other by distance or by a sheet of insulating material
or by a porous diaphragm and may be arranged vertically or horizontally or in any
other desired position. The said clectrodes are immersed either partially or entirely
in a liquid or solution which may the one employed for attaching or decomposing
the metal. This liquid or solution may be heated by air steam gas or any
combination of them introduced into such liquid through pipes or inlets or the said
liquid or solution may be heated otherwise and where practicable by the
consumption or burning of gas evolved electrically in gas holders either as
hydrogen alone with or without carburetting or oxygen and hydrogen by electrolitic
decomposition in electro chemical batteries or otherwise the gas or gases being
conducted into separate holders through pipes or retained in the upper portion of
the magazine. I employ a safety valve or safety valves combined mechanically or
electrically or both mechanically and electrically with charging circuit or generating
device operated through the agency of natural forces gas engines steam thermo-
electric hydro electric generators or any combination of them and in some cases
combine the cut offs with the fuel or gas supply provided electrically or otherwise
or by the direct application of heat or by gas produced in the usual manner from
carbonaceous materials or by pumping air into a reservoir and carburetting the
same during the same operation subsequently as the gas being utilized for the
direct conversion into heat by firing or for the development of electric currents
with or without the medium of machinery 1 can provide a reserve of power and
utilizing any surplus of power natural or otherwise with or without accumulating
or storing power in the form of electric energy adapted to develop an electric
current in an external circuit as herein set forth.
By such means I regulate the consumption of gas or fuel or the conservation of
power and regulate or utilize the source of power and I regulate the temperature of
the liquid in the electrolitic bath or depositing chambers these improvements may
be adapted to regulate through the medium of a mechanical or electrical governor

page_text: the supply of gas to the cylinder of a gas engine or the firing of the gas in the
cylinder or the supply of steam in the flow of water to a turbine or the speed of
a windmill or the generation or the conversation of the current dependent upon the
speed of the generator or shaft of the windmill water wheel or other engine or
the conservation of power electrically or both electrically and otherwise and I may
employ thermo regulating devices or means connected with the gas system or
holder fuel supply and described in the referred to Specifications the thermo
regulating devices may be provided with cut off or circuit making devices adapted
to operate in the charging circuit from the generator or electric magazine or any
combination of them so as to decrease or stop generation or to decrease stop or
provide for the conservation of electric energy or the waste of energy or to provide
for directing the current into another circuit (or to provide for the accumulation
of power electrically or otherwise or circuits in which the energy may be conserved
or stored in electric magazines or batteries c or be otherwise utilized either for the
extraction precipitation or deposition of a metal or metals or for the development
of light heat motive power or for traction purposes through the medium of
incandescent or other electric lighting devices electric motors heaters adapted to
operato in such electric circuit or circuits in series parallel circuit or series, or series
in the parallel circuit or the roverse or any combination of them suitablo switching
devices automatically and otherwise operative being provided in such circuits with or
without one or more electric circuits from the generating devices a* or electric
magazines ac at one or more places or any combination of them in one or moro
parts of this system adapted to supply electric energy for the operation of vehicles
railway trains or engines vessels or other portable devices or systems fitted or
equipped with electrical circuits and devices or means for the translation of electric
energy into light heat brake or motive power or for the purpose of traction or any
combination of them with or without accumulating devices c upon one or more of
the portable objects suitable switching and regulating devices being provided in
such circuits for rendering the discharging circuit or circuits independant of the
generating source or supply a ac for a given time and devices or means for varying
the electric potential or regulating the electromotive force or tension of the current
in the charging or discharging circuits so as to provide for utilizing, converting or
regulating the force of the current or for reducing or minimizing the amount of
metal employed in the insulated electrical circuit or circuits or to provide reserves
of power in the form of electric energy at one or more or any number of points
stations or places in the system adapted to be charged vivified or be operated or
operative in charging and discharging or working circuits for the development of
light heat motive power brake power or traction purposes or other purposes in an
electrical system as herein provided or in combination with the methods means or
elements of the system for generating distributing storing measuring recording
regulating or utilizing for lighting heating motive power traction or other purposes
electric currents in any of the applications or combinations as herein provided for
or as set forth in the herein referred to specifications of Letters Patent or any of them
or any combination of them or of the special claiming clauses of such Patents with
the improvements herein set forth, and I sometimes provide for the decomposition
of a liquid material or compound by electrolitic or electro chemical action and
provide for the accumulation in a gas-tight reservoir reservoirs or receivers of the
gas or gases evolved by such process and I utilize the gas or gases so evolved with
or without steam or air and with or without carburetting which are conducted
through suitable pipes provided with check valves to the combustion chambers
furnaces puddling furnaces or other industrial applications or for the heating of
rooms compartments or spaces the extraction of inetal or metals from their ores or
buse by heat given off. I also employ vats or retorts K composed of or built up or
lined with an earthy or insulating material or compound L which will not be
attacked by the chemical agent or agents employed to facilitate or effect the decom-
position or disintegration of the metal from its compound or base. These vats or
retorts K may be formed in such a manner as to provide for the material being

page_text: distributed in thin layers horizontally or otherwise and may be of large dimensions.
Or I may employ a series of such vats or retorts K and so construct them that the
gas or gases given off in the process of decomposition or extraction of the metal
may be collected for use to assist in heating the material or for other purposes.
These vats or retorts may be built up or lined with porcelain or equivalent
material L and may have porous partitions M divisions or boxes formed or composed
of granulated pumice stone or the like or such partitions or divisions may have
apertures or openings through them or be otherwise arranged or constructed so as to
provide for the deposition precipitation or extraction of the metal from the material
compound or base arranged to operate as an electrode or anode. Heat may be
applied to the material from which the is to be extracted only. By connecting
the electrodes or elements so as to constitute a battery the extraction deposition or
precipitation of the metal will be facilitated. Or the said electrodes or elements
inay be placed in an electrical circuit with a generator of electric currents or with
an accumulating store or magazine or with any combination of such devices or
means connected with these electrodes or elements N in such a manner as to provide
for utilizing the current from a generator or store for the extraction of the metal
from the base or compound and the precipitation or deposition of such metal upon
the cathode or a series of them or the extraction and precipitation of the metal from
one element N or part of the vat or retort to the other element or part thereof.
I sometimes form these retorts in such a manner as to provide for the precipitation
or deposition of the metal in an independent chamber.
This result may bo
accomplished under different constructions or arrangements one method being the
decomposition of the metal by chemical agents say an alkaline solution which is
drawn from the decomposing chamber into a separate chamber where I provide for
electrically or otherwise depositing or precipitating the metal contained in such
solution upon cathodes or electrodes N of carbon metal or other material having an
affinity for metal. And I may employ sheets of aluminium and carbon N in such
vats retorts or chambers so as to provide for the deposition of the metal from the
solution upon the cathode of aluminium.. Or I may employ sheets or ingots of
copper or other metal or an alloy whereon to deposit the aluminium These sheets
or ingots may provide for the subsequent formation of an alloy by fusion or heat
which may be rolled into sheets wires plates or bars. Or the aluminium may
be removed from the carbon or base N electrically chemically mechanically or
by heat.
Under such methods of extracting metals I am enabled to utilize the natural
forces such as the wind tide or the force or fall of water or the heat of the sun or
artificial heat or any combination of them by converting such forces into electric
energy (through the medium of gases or electro chemically or both or otherwiso
through medium of devices c constantly or intermittently in such a manner as to
provide for the entire conservation of the power in accordance with the devices or
means employed for converting such forces into electric energy or so as to provide
for utilizing the capital expenditure for such devices to the best advantage and
holding power in reserve for the extraction of a metal or metals as before described
with or without being used in combination with devices or means for distributing
or utilizing electric energy for lighting heating or motive power or for the purpose
of traction or for other purposes as will be fully understood by referenco to my
method of converting power into electric energy or constructing and working a
system of electrical distribution or devices as herein provided or described in the
Specification of former Letters Patent Dated February 13th A.D. 1882 N° 700
February 16th A.D. 1882 N° 766 February 22nd A.D. 1882 N° 856. March 10th
A.D. 1882 N° 1174 March 30th A.D. 1882 N° 1556 May 30th A.D. 1882 N° 2558
August 22th A.D. 1882 N° 4034 and in my Provisional Specification file.!
January 1 AD 1883 N° 24 and those of subsequent date. In some cases
I employ secondary batteries accumulators electric reservoirs or magazines c
adapted to provide for the conservation or storage of electric energy electro

page_text: chemically through the medium of gases or otherwise and I employ such accumu-
lating or storing devices c in one or more of the circuits ab partially or entirely
insulated for the purpose of holding the energy in reserve and for regulating and
converting the force of the current or the electric potential in the discharging
circuits in one or more of the circuits of the system in which are employed the
electrode or elements N arranged in such a manner as to be adapted to provide for
the extraction precipitation or deposition of the metal from the metallic base or
compound N
I provide switching devices O electric circuit and governing devices 5 for
controlling the supply of electric energy to such electrodes or elements N. and the
switching devices J. 32 may be automatically operative electrically by pressure or
by the evolution of gas or compression of air or gas or the pumping of liquid with
or without Weights or springs being employed so as to represent the amount of
Work relatively to the amount of metal extracted or deposited. Such Automatic
Cut off J. 32 may be combined an armature or core of a magnet or solenoid of
simple or compound form or with a lever adapted to be operated by the deposition
on somewhat the same principle as an electro depositing compressing pumping or
other meter and cut off devices P. J and measuring and recording mechanism 15
may be combined with these devices so as to record the consumption of energy the
conservation development or utilization of energy and a commutator or switching
devices Figure P automatically operated by the meter device by time mechanism
electrically or otherwise may be employed so as to provide for directing the
current from one set of such electrodes or elements N into other set groups or
series when the metal shall have been extracted or deposited as herein provided
for or the switching devices may be operated by hand or both by hand and
electrically or otherwise, any means which will indicate a given or proportionate
amount of work in the circuit or circuits b will provide for measuring and recording
the current passing or the amount of work done can be combined with switching
or commutating devices in such a manner as to cut one set or series of electrodes
or elements N out of the circuit from the generating sourco y or storage
source a¹-c or both and putting another set or series of electrodes or elements N
in the charging circuit in series or parallel circuit. By the employment of a series
of these devices I am enabled to provide for constantly utilizing the current for
the extraction or deposition of the metal or metals from their bases or compounds
through the medium of a series or groups of electrodes or elements adapted to he
placed automatically or otherwise in the electric circuit these electrodes may be
adapted to be combined in the circuit in series parallel circuit through the medium
of grouping boxes or a centralized system of switches or the like and during such
time as I am not able to utilize the current I provide for conserving or storing the
energy through the medium for accumulating or storing devices as before stated
and I preferably employ groups or series of these accumulating devices or batteries
baving extensions or terminals extending to a grouping box or centralized system
of switches mounted upon one or more rotating shafts or end wise or movable bars
adapted to move or operate across the terminals extending from the electrodes or
elements the circuits may be completed through liquids metallic or otherwise and
for the purpose of ensuring good electrical contacts I sometimes employ mercurial
contacts and employ glycerine or other insulating and projecting medium upon the
surface of the mercury being enclosed in an insulating box the commutating or
switching devices are arranged and adapted to operate in such a manner as to
provide for charging one part or series of accumulating devices coupled in parallel
circuit or in series dependent upon the distance of such device from the generating
source or the electrodes or elements adapted to provide for the extraction of the
metal or metals can be adapted to operate in a similar manner and when desired
to connect in the translating circuits for the development of light or other purpose
and be adapted to operate as regulator of potential in the translating these
accumulating devices or the electrodes or elements being adapted to operate in the

page_text: Circuits so that some part or series may be connected in the discharging or working
circuit with or without containing the electrodes or elements adapted to provide
for the extraction precipitation or deposition as before stated.
These electrodes or elements froni which the metal is extracted precipitated or
5 deposited may be used or employed in an electrical system of distribution or an
apparatus or system for-generating and distributing electric energy for the purpose
partly or entire of utilizing the capital expended in generating apparatus to its full
capacity that is to say when some predetermined maximum storage of energy in an
electrical system shall be reached any surplus which can be produced by the
0 generating apparatus can be utilized either directly from the storage system or from
the generatior or both and through the medium of suitable electric conductors
connections or circuits and switching devices which may be automatically operative
as beforo stated the elements which provide for the extraction of the metal used
only be in the circuit when such maximum storage of energy in the system shall be
5 reached. Or such elements may be adapted to use as absorbents in the electrical
system and the electrical circuit may be completed through them through the
medium of an insulated circuit or by earth an insulated circuit with return by
earth or otherwise and I provide for connecting such number of them in series as
will be suited to the force of the current transmitted through the charging
circuit ab for instance when utilizing the natural force from some distant point
such as the wind, the tide or the force or fall of water or the waste heat from
furnaces or works or when coal or other agents either as gas carbonic oxide or
otherwise are converted into electric energy at some distant point by the direct
transformation of heat into electric energy through the medium of Thermo electric
generators or the evolution of gases or by the employment of steam or gas engines
or any combination of these means it is sometimes desirable to transmit the current
with high tension in order to lessen the amount of metal employed in the electrical
circuit. In such cases the tension of the current transmitted or the potential being
high I may connect the elements from which it is designed to extract the metal in
series in the charging circuit through the medium of a centralized systom of
switches and conductors commutating or switching devices at which points of
contact I preferably employ an insulating liquid as will be understood with
reference to the hereinbefore referred to Patents and application.
The number of the elements N coupled in series in the charging circuit being
dependent upon the force of the current.
I may employ a series or sets of groups of these elements adapted to operate
independently of each other and connected with the charging circuit or the
electrodes or elements N from which the metal is extracted may bo adapted to
operato in the circuits so as to provide for utilizing the full force of the generators
for useful work these device and means elements or electrodes adapted to operate
for the extraction of a metal or metals adapted to operate in the discharging. or
translating circuits and may be connected at will or automatically in such circuits
o as to develop the current in the external circuits) containing the translating or
toring devices in multiple in series or any combination of circuits) with an electro
motive force dependent upon the number of elements coupled in series in such
ircuits that is to say the electrodes or elements in the vats reservoirs or retorts
dapted to provide for the extraction of aluminium or other metal can be utilized
s batteries or inagazines for the accumulating of power in the form of electric
nergy and develop power in the external circuit through the medium automatically
r otherwise operative switching devices are employed with other form of batteries
ccumulators or regulating devices or alternatively consecutively or intermittently
eing in the charging and discharging circuits as herein set forth in any of the
ombinations applications or uses.
I have shewn a plan and sectional elevation in Figures 1 and 2 of depositing
Ils for the extraction of inetals from their ores as indicated by letters and figures
reference in conformity with the description herein.
In Figure 31 have shown a series of depositing cells connected with a circuit

page_text: of supply either as a developing or storage source or both these cells are snown
connected in a multiple series circuit with hand controlling devices & pressure
regulators 5 automatic cut off 20 and j 32 the operation of which will be
understood by reference to my former Letters Patent herein referred to and
especially the Patents N° 24, N° 2147 and N° 5109 of 1883 and through the medium 5
of the meter device P 15 16 or the like and the series of contacts from circuits b
I am enabled to provide against loss of power and to provide for the utilization of
the generating plant to its fully capacity irrespective of the consumption in other
parts of an electrical system and also to provide for the utilization of the
depositing cells as absorbents and practically as regulators of electric potential 1
without loss entailed by useless resistance or in other words to employ fully the plant
for useful work. It will be understood that those depositing cells can be employed
at any distance from the converting source or source of power or at the generating
source and can also be employed in or with any of the combinations or applications
as described or illustrated in connection with a stationary systom of electrical
distribution for lighting heating motive power traction or other purposes and
thereby decrease the cost or realize greater profit from the working of the system
I have shewn the series of depositing cells connected in such a system with devices
and circuits as illustrated in the Patents herein mentioned and especially reforred
to the depositing cells may be adapted to be placed in the circuits with the
generator a org or magazines c through the medium of the automatic devices P
for closing the circuit 6 to the cells through the medium of the electro magnetic
devices as shown or through the piston or float S Figure 4; cach space between the
terminals b represents the amount of power necessary for the extraction of tho
metal from the anode and the deposit upon the cathode; this device is adapted to
float upon an insulating liquid which is pumped into the reservoir by an
arrangement as herein described with reference to the pumping meter and cut off
device j and more particularly described and illustrated in the patents especially
mentioned. The letters of reference in various parts of the system and in the
description will be found to conform to like letters of reference in the patents
mentioned.
The improvements herein described or any portion or combination of them are
intended to be used in combination with or independently of the improvements
set forth in the Specifications of my following Letters Patent namely N° 5229
30th November 1881, Nº 5233 30th November 1881 N° 5742 31st December 1881
No 85 6th January 1881 N° 224 16th January 1882 N° 700 13th February
1882 N° 766 16th February 1882 N° 856 22nd February 1882 N° 1174
10th March 1882 N° 1556 30th March 1882 N° 2558 30th May 1882 N° 4034 22
August 1882 N° 24 1 January 1883 and N° 2147 27th April 1883 and in my
application for Lettors Patent N° 5109 27th October 1883
Having thus fully described my said Invention and the manner of performing
the saino I wish it understood that I claim
First. The method of utilizing any surplus of electric power and operating th
producing plant advantageously in an electrical system when otherwise impossibl
by the employment in combination with the electrical circuits of the systein o
olectrical depositing cells for the extraction or recovery of metals from their ores o
compounds for the purposes specified.
Second. In combination with an electrical system of distribution in which device
or means are adapted to operate as working resistances for lighting heating motiv
power traction purposes or any one or more of such purposes in which devic
or means are adapted to operate for the conservation or storage of pow
electrically the employment of electrical depositing cells adapted to operate in t
electric circuits of the system and to provide for the extraction or recovery
metals from their ores or compounds substantially as set forth.
Third. In combination with a series of electrical-depositing cells the employme
of individual electrical circuits or short circuiting branches terminating at a circ
closer in such a manner as to provide for the cells being placed in or out of t

page_text: circuit with the source consecutively dependent upon the resistance in the main
developing circuit or in accordance with the variation of resistance in the circuits
with or without the employment of automatic cut offs to prevent the backward
flow of the current from the source with or without the employment of automatic
cut offs or meter devices adapted to interrupt the circuit upon some definite
extraction of metal from the anode and deposit upon the cathode with or without
the employment of pressure regulators in the circuit to the cells and with or
without being adapted to operate in conjunction with a system of electrical circuits
or producing or developing or storage source in or under any one or more of the
combinations or applications as set forth in any one or more of the Specifications
of Letters Patent herein referred to substantially as set set forth.
Fourth. In combination with a simple or compound electric magazine connected
with a producing or developing source the employment of one or more sets of
electrical depositing cells for recovering metals from their ores constructed and
operating substantially as described the cell containing the electrolytic bath, a
receptacle or receptacles with perforated or porous walls or diaphragms immersed
therein with a conducting body of or packed around a non corrodible or
carbonaceous material and one or more electrodes adapted to operate as cathodes
substantially as set forth.
The improvements consisting in mixing with the ore a non-corrodible conducting
material in a granular or pulverulent condition and supporting the same as an
electrode in an electrical depositing cell or series of same for the extraction of
metals from their ores by utilizing the surplus clectrical power of the producing
plant in an electrical system substantially as set forth.
In combination with electrical depositing cells-electrodes for the extraction of
metals from their ores the employment of the various combinations of apparatus
herein described for utilizing natural forces or regulating the consumption of fuel
without stopping the generation of electric currents by increasing or reducing the
number of electrolytic cells in operation substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Stokes Williams have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty sixth day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.