IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Browne Dalziel, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Manager, for the Invention of
." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE
FABRICS OR MATERIALS."
Sealed the 16th March 1853, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Browne
Dalziel, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st October 1852.
I, THOMAS BROWNE DALZIEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF
TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS" to be as follows:-
Whereas, in the manufacture of woven fabrics from coloured yarns
or threads, it is necessary that the yarn, in its raw uncoloured
condition, should be reeled from the cop preparatory to dyeing, in order,
for the most part, that the several threads may be in a sufficiently loose
and open state to admit of the easy penetration of the dye therein, so
that each individual thread may thus receive the same shade of dye or
colouring matter; this being impracticable when the yarn is in the cop

page_text: form, owing to the hard winding of the threads. When so dyed in
this state, the reeled yarn is then wound upon a wooden or other hold-
ing "pirn," or a species of wooden skewer, arranged to fit into the
interior of the loom shuttle, so that the thread may unwind freely from
the pirn during the weaving action. Now, instead of using such
"pirns," it is proposed, by this Invention, to wind the yarn upon small
tubes of strong paper, or thin pasteboard, such, for example, as is at
present in use for spinning grey yarn upon; or, according to another
plan, the yarn is wound directly upon a bare spindle, so as to produce
what is known as a pirn cop, without either a paper tube or wooden
pirn. The advantage obtainable by these systems is, that the quantity
of yarn given out to the weaver, or transferred from one department to
another, is at once ascertained by weighing, as in the one case the nett
weight of the actual yarn is known at once, and in the other it is
ascertained very nearly, by making the trifling allowance necessary for
the weight of the paper tubes. In the ordinary manner of manufacture
this determination of the weight of material can only be widely approxi-
mate, owing to the presence of the heavy wooden pirns upon which the
yarn is wound. The winding is frequently performed by hand, but it
may be much more satisfactorily accomplished by machinery; but as the
weavers of coloured yarn are usually scattered over the country, and not
concentrated in factories, the benefits derivable from machine pirn
winding are by no means fully available, firstly, from the necessity of
knowing the exact weight of yarn given out to the weaver, and,
secondly, from the herein-before explained difficulty of ascertaining such
weight with any degree of accuracy. Thus, by the present Invention,
the manufacturer is enabled to secure all the advantages which machine
pirn winding can confer, whilst he, at the same time, loses nothing from
doubt as to the weight of yarn required to produce a given quantity of
cloth.
Another head of the Invention relates to the rendering the use of
common cheap winding machines, with a plain cylindrical or uniform
build of the yarn, equally as effective as the expensive machines, with
differential building or copping motions for the yarn. This is accom-
plished by dispensing with the differentially wound pirn or cop in

page_text: weaving coloured yarns, the yarn being wound upon pirns or small
bobbins with an even cylindrical build, such pirns or bobbins being
arranged to revolve upon an adjustable tongue or holding spindle in
the shuttle, as the yarn unwinds during weaving, and passes off by an
aperture in the longitudinal centre of the side of the shuttle.
Pirn cops, as they are received from the spinner, although not capable
of being properly or uniformly dyed, are often bleached, without any
further change. Now, although this system of treatment enables the
manufacturer to dispense with the expense, trouble, and waste attending
the reeling process, it cannot always be adopted, by reason of the cop
getting out of shape during the bleaching action, and hence making
excessive waste during the winding off when in the shuttle. Hence
the herein-before described Invention is also applicable to bleached as
well as coloured yarn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent filed by the said Thomas Browne Dalziel, in the Great
Seal Patent Office, on the 1st April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
THOMAS BROWNE DALZIEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Browne Dalziel, Her special licence that I, the said
Thomas Browne Dalziel, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Browne Dalziel, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OR MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS,"

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Browne
Dalziel, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Iuvention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said .Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said THOMAS BROWNE DALZIEL, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
Whereas in the manufacture of woven fabrics from coloured or
bleached yarns or threads, it is necessary that the yarn, in its raw
uncoloured condition, should be reeled from the cop preparatory to
dyeing, in order, for the most part, that the several threads may be in a
sufficiently loose and open state to admit of the easy penetration of the
dye therein, so that each individual thread may thus receive the same
shade of dye or colouring matter, this being impracticable when the
yarn is in the cop form, owing to the hard winding of the threads.
When so dyed in this state, the reeled yarn is then wound upon a
wooden holding "pirn," or a species of wooden skewer, arranged to fit
into the interior of the loom shuttle, so that the thread may unwind
freely from the pirn during the weaving action. Now, according to my
Improvements, instead of using such "pirns," I wind the yarn upon
small tubes of strong paper or thin pasteboard, or other suitable
material, such, for example, as are at present in use for spinning grey
yarn upon; or, according to another modification of my improvements,
the yarn is wound directly upon a bare spindle, so as to produce what
is known as a "pirn cop," without either a paper tube or wooden pirn.
The advantage obtainable by these systems is, that the quantity of yarn
given out to the weaver, or transferred from one department to another,
is at once ascertained by weighing, as in the one case the nett weight of
the actual yarn is known at once, and in the other it is ascertained very
nearly by making the trifling allowance necessary for the weight of the
paper tubes.
In the ordinary manner of manufacture this determination
of the weight of material can only be widely approximate, owing to the

page_text: presence. of the heavy wooden pirns upon which the yarn is wound.
The winding is frequently performed by hand, but it may be much more
satisfactorily accomplished by machinery; but as the weavers of coloured.
yarn are usually scattered over the country; and not concentrated--in.
factories, the benefits derivable from machine pirn winding are by no
means fully available, firstly, froni the necessity of knowing the exact
weight of yarn given out to the weaver, and, secondly, from the herein-
before explained difficulty of ascertaining such weight with any degree
of accuracy.
Thus, by the present Invention, the manufacturer.is
enabled to secure all the advantages which machine pirn winding can
confer, whilst he, at the same time, loses nothing from doubt as to the
Another
weight of yarn required to produce a given quantity of cloth.
head of my Invention relates to the rendering the use of common cheap
winding machines, with a plain cylindrical or uniform build of the yarn,
equally as effective as the expensive machines, with differential building
or copping motions for the yarn; or the yarn may be wound upon
flangeless bobbins, with a tapered build at each end, as is usual in. some
kinds of work already in existence. This is accomplished by dispensing
with the differentially wound pirn or cop in weaving coloured or
bleached yarns, the yarn being wound upon pirns or small bobbins with
an even cylindrical build,, such pirns or bobbins being arranged to
revolve upon an adjustable tongue or holding spindle in the shuttle as
the yarn unwinds during weaving, and passes off by an aperture in the
longitudinal centre of the side of the shuttle. Pirn cops, as they are
received from the spiuner,, although not capable of being properly or
uniformly dyed, are often bleached, without any further change. Now,
although this system of treatment enables the manufacturer to dispense
with the expense, trouble, and waste attending the reeling process, it
cannot always be adopted, by reason of the cop getting out of shape
during the bleaching action, and hence making excessive waste during
the winding off when in the shuttle. Thus my herein-before described
Invention is also applicable in the manufacture of bleached as well as
coloured yarns.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or

page_text: carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine.
or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of my
Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent, is,
First, the system or mode of manufacturing bleached and coloured
yarns, wherein such yarns are wound either upon paper, pasteboard, or
other similar light holding tubes, or upon the bare winding-spindles,
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of paper, pasteboard, or other
similar light holding tubes, for the reception of bleached or coloured
yarns, as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of weaving or manufacturing bleached or
coloured yarns, by the use of revolving holding pirns or bobbins in
the shuttle, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Browne Dalziel, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of March One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
THO. B. DALZIEL. (L.S.)