Apparatus for the Manufacture of Carbonized Powder from Peat, Saw-dust, and such like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date claimed for Patent under Sect. 103 of Act,
being date of first Foreign Application (in 29th Nov., 1893
Sweden),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 13th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th June, 1894-Accepted, 6th Apr., 1895
Sweden),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 13th June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th June, 1894-Accepted, 6th Apr., 1895
Apparatus for the Manufacture of Carbonized Powder from Peat,
Saw-dust, and such like.
I, NILS KARL HERMAN EKELUND of Jönköping, Sweden, Works Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This apparatus is characterized thereby that the comminuted peat is transported
through a comparatively long channel or piping and while distributed in this way
subjected to heating from another conduit which is in connection with a fire-place
and running along the former so that the peat gets dried and carbonized by degrees.
It will thus be possible to execute the carbonizing with great exactitude, so that
the final product becomes uniform and of the best quality.
In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 represents the apparatus in cross-section,
Figure 2 represents the same in longitudinal section and Figure 3 is a horizontal
section of the apparatus.
The apparatus consists of a rectangular brickwork building containing a number
of horizontal flues A, B, C, D, E and F, the one above the other. These flues
which may be more or less numerous than shown in the drawing communicate with
each other alternately at the one or the other end by means of vertical flues a, b, c, d
and e so as to form together with these a conduit running in zigzag. Through this
conduit the comminuted peat is transported and this is effected by means of
belices A', a screw, running scoops or any other known device of transportation
adapted in each horizontal flue. There may be either two or more such helices
abreast or only one and the bottom of the flue which is made of plates or brickwork
is formed to correspond as shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. The raw peat-
powder is by means of the scoop ladder S brought up into the hopper R situated at
the one end of the flue F from which hopper R it is fed down by the feeding
apparatus f. The damper g serves for the regulation. The powder is fed by the
helix placed in the flue F to the other end of the flue, where it drops down into the
next flue and so on.
Beneath the said horizontal flues run the heating flues 1, II, III, IV, V and VI,
which also communicate with each other alternately at the one or the other end by
means of double flues n, p, q, r and s, running at the sides of the flues A, F so as to
form also a zigzag conduit. Below there is a fire-place T, from which the said
conduit leads and terminates at the chimney Y. The conduit for the peat powder
is at one place closed so as to form two divisions. In the first one which may
conveniently consist of the three first flues, the powder is dried, and in the other
consisting of the remaining flues the powder is carbonized. The closing is effected
simply by causing the powder to accumulate in the somewhat enlarged flue c so as
to fill the same completely. In the said flue, forming a compartment N, a damper k
is provided and above the damper there are pin rollers h and i serving as feeding
devices.

page_text: Outside the apparatus the flue A is extended and this extension forms a
refrigerating pipe O, in which the powder is advanced by means of a screw, a spiral
or other device. This pipe is located in a box t, which for the refrigeration is more
or less filled with water, the pipe opening into a receptacle Q communicating
immediately with a mill or a block fuel press.
From the uppermost drying flue the pipe U projects leading to a suction fan or
to the chimney. Into the drying flue D lowest down the pipes V and X open, of
which the former is an air pipe and the latter communicates with the Aue r.
From the topmost coking flue C projects the gas pipe m, which enters into a
condeuser and continues from this to the fire place T. The flue a contains the
damper 1.
In order to attain the end in view with the apparatus the powder advanced in
the flues must for a long time be subject to a uniform heating. This is obtained by
firing with peat coal powder, which gives a very long flame with a specially
uniform temperature. The above apparatus is therefore arranged for firing with
such powder. The powder is blown in and ignited in the fire place T. The flamme
and the hot combustion gases pass from the fire place beneath all the coking and
drying flues I-VI and out in the chimney Y.
g
When the apparatus is well heated, the peat is fed into the hopper R. This
hopper ought to be constantly filled, so as to let no air into the flues. By means of
the feeding device and by regulating this damper 9 the required quantity only
will be introduced into the flue F. The powder is by means of the helices
advanced through the flues F, E, D to the compartment N.
When this is filled
the damper k is opened so much, that the feeding into and out of the compartment N
will be equal and the said compartment thus always kept filled with powder. The
latter is then brought further until it finally gets into the pipe O, where it is coole !
to a suitable temperature. The peat powder is heated more and more during its
whole passage through the flues as it is moving in an opposite direction to the
combustion gases and the heating comes as well from below as from the top
excepting at the topmost flue where the heating only comes from below. In the
drying flues D, E, F, the powder comes in contact with a heated air current.
This takes place in such a way that the suction fan in connection with the pipe U
draws in air through the pipe V. If now the valve to the pipe X is opened, hot
combustion gases are drawn in through it from the flue r. By regulating the
valves to the pipes V and X the temperature of the air in this way led through
the drying flues may be adapted to be as high as possible without igniting the
powder.
The gases produced during the coking in the flues A, B and C are confined in
the said flues by the powder in the compartment N and in the receptacle Q and
thus escape through the pipe m. After the water and tar, which the gas may
contain, has been condensed the said gas is conducted to the fire place in order to
be burned. If the powder is to be used as powder it must be ground still more.
This is performed in a mill, placed under the receptacle Q after having been
previously cooled in the pipe O. If on the contrary the powder is to be pressed
into blocks, the press is brought in direct combination with the receptacle Q. If a
particular adhesive is wanted, this may be put in the receptacle.
The degree of coking can be regulated by the firing, by augmenting or
diminishing the feeding by means of the damper 9 and by increasing or decreasing
the speed of the helices.
The apparatus may also be used in a similar manner to that now described for
other materials, such as saw-dust, brown-coal and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. Apparatus for a continuous manufacture of coal powder from peat, saw-dust
and such like, consisting of a number of horizontal flues placed the one above the

page_text: other and communicating with each other by openings alternately at the one and
the other end and containing screws or other suitable means of transportation for
transferring the peat introduced at the top of the flues downwards and of other
flues located between the said flues and communicating with each other by means
of branch flues or openings alternately at the one or the other end, the latter flues
running from a fire place situated below in order that the peat or the material to
be coked may when advancing in the first mentioned zigzag conduit be dried and
coked by degrees, owing to the heating from the combustion gases passing in the
opposite direction through the other conduit.
2. In the apparatus specified in the first claim the arrangement that the conduit
for the material to be treated is closed at a place in such a manner, that a
compartment N appertaining to the conduit is provided with a particular feeding
device consisting of feeding rollers and a damper by means of which feeding device
the transport of the material through the conduit may be limited, so that the
compartment is constantly full with the view that the portion of the conduit which
the powder has to pass before arriving at the compartment N may constitute a
particular division in which the material is dried, and the other portion of the
conduit constitute another division, in which the coking takes place.
3. In the apparatus specified in the first claim the arrangement that the conduit
for the material to be treated at its end-part consists of a pipe O surrounded by
another pipe or box t containing water for cooling the material and which pipe
leads to a receptacle, which, constantly filled in order to exclude the atmospheric
air from the conduit, is combined with a mill or a block fuel press.
4. In the apparatus specified in the first and second claims the arrangement of a
pipe U ascending from the top of the drying division (Claim 2) and provided with
a fan and of other pipes V and X provided with valves and opening below in the
drying division and one X communicating with the heat conduit and the other V
with the atmospheric air, with the view that an air current of desired temperature
may be conducted in the opposite direction to the material through the drying
division.
Dated this 13th day of 11004
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chaucery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.