matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OR CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN THE FURNACES AND FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dean and Thomas Turton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 8th October 1867.
We, JOHN DEAN, Engineer, and THOMAS TURTON, Grinder, both of Sheffield,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OR CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN THE
FURNACES AND FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the prevention or consumption of smoke in the
furnaces and flues of steam boilers, and consists in an arrangement of
serpentine flues, whereby the smoke and other unconsumed products of com-
bustion are prevented from passing away directly to the chimney until the
whole has been consumed, and not only is smoke thus prevented but a great
economy in fuel is also effected, as little or no waste heat from the fuel passes
away uselessly up the chimney. The flues from the furnace first pass out-
wards and then longitudinally beneath the boiler to the back, where they turn
inwards, and then pass backwards and forwards in a serpentine direction till
they meet in the centre; they are then brought forwards to the front, where
they again separate and pass under the front end of the boiler to the
outside flues; these latter extend to the back of the boiler, where they
again pass in a serpentine or in a direct manner to the outlet leading to the
chimney.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED IN SIZING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Leigh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1867.
I, ALFRED LEIGH, of Baguley, in the County of Chester, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION
TO BE EMPLOYED IN SIZING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel composition or mixture of materials to be
employed for sizing, stiffening, and finishing woven fabrics and yarns, which
may either be employed alone or in combination with ordinary size as now used.
The improvements consist in mixing together the following ingredients in
about the proportions given, and in applying the composition to woven fabrics
or yarns as a sizing material :-I take about six pounds of yellow resin and
about four pounds of pearlash, and dissolve them in about twenty-five gallons
of hot water; I then add thereto about four pounds of farina and six pounds
of brown whitening and thoroughly intermix the whole, which is then ready
for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER WHEELS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Kinton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1867.
I, AARON KINTON, of Road, near Bath, in the County of Somerset, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF WATER WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of water
wheels, whereby greater power is acquired than by the ordinary overshot
wheels.
I propose to construct the floats or boards of the wheel in such manner
that they shall be capable of opening and closing in two sections instead of
forming as hitherto a fixed or constant float, the object being to free the
ascending floats of the tail water. In order to effect this object I form the
floats in two divisions, each with an axle or pivot working in a bearing, so
that each half works independently of the other, and when they are both
closed they form a resistance in an overshot wheel equal to that obtained by
the usual fixed floats; but when ascending from the tail water the floats open
and allow the wheel to rotate free of resistance from the tail water. I attach
to the foundation or central base of the water wheel an arm or guide which.
extends to the periphery of the axes of the floats and continues in a segment
with an increasing radius to a point where the spokes of the wheel reach the
horizontal. Rollers are fixed on the projecting ends of the shafts of the floats
so as to avoid friction when they come in contact with the guide arm, which

page_text: acts as a temporary stop and causes catches attached to the axles or centres to
tilt, and thus shut or close the floats as they descend, in order that the greatest
possible power may be effected during the descent of the overshot floats, the
catches of which fall on the guide arm; the ascending side of the wheel is
also provided with a guide, but it does not operate to such an extent as the
descending guide in order to allow the outer half of the float to partly close
before the interior half begins to move. Supporters are fixed between the
rings or outer bearings of the wheel on which the floats bear when they close;
these supporters are bevelled or thin at their edges so as to afford facility of
motion. The outer rocking bar or axis of the float is thicker than the inner
axis because it has to sustain the weight of the other part of the float in
addition to the exterior float when closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES AND BOXES, AND IN SECURING WHEELS THERETO
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Halford Snelson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1867.
I, JOSEPH HALFORD SNELSON, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County of
Leicester, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES AND BOXES, AND IN SECURING WHEELS
THERETO," to be as follows:-
My improvements in axles consist in forming a flange or flanges at the
outer end thereof to receive and hold a metal collar thereon.
According to one arrangement the wheel box fits over the axle and is
secured thereon by placing the metal collar between the flanges, the outer end
of the wheel box abutting against the collar. The collar cannot leave the axle
under all ordinary circumstances, however to afford greater security I unite
the ends of the collar by a wire or other piece of metal secured by a screw or
pin passing into the end of the axle, and the ends inserted in apertures formed
in the collar. Other means may, however, be adopted, as, for example, by a
link from one arm of the collar to the other. An ordinary cap is screwed on
to the wheel box, which is threaded on its outer end to receive the same.
According to another arrangement I secure the wheel box to the axle by
forming apertures at the outer end of the wheel box through which the arms

page_text: of the metal collar are passed into and between the flanges on the axle.
Apertures are formed in the end of the axle through which pins, screws, or
bolts are passed into the arms of the collar, which is thereby prevented from
moving. As in the former arrangement a cap is screwed on the wheel box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1867

page_text: :
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lockwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1867.
I, JOHN LOCKWOOD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER
AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the economizing of fuel and the con-
sumption or prevention of smoke, and consists in the application of a partition
longitudinally of the furnace constructed of fire-clay, common clay, or other
suitable material, and either with or without openings through it as may
be found most desirable, thus dividing the furnace into compartments
longitudinally, which may be fired or fed with fuel alternately, so that while
the smoke or unconsumed products of combustion are issuing from one
compartment the heat from the incandescent fuel of the other part will ignite
the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF BLOCKS OF 80-CALLED WORKMEN'S DWELLINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Sephton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1867.
I, EDWARD SEPHTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OR ARRANGEMENT OF BLOCKS OF 80-CALLED WORKMEN'S DWELLINGS,'
to be as follows:-
By my Invention blocks of buildings containing a large number of well
ventilated and convenient tenements can be erected in large towns on a small
area, each block being provided with sanitary conveniences, and so arranged
that the front and ends facing the streets can be ornamented in any required
manner. The outer walls of each block are of any desired outline, and the
rooms arranged and set apart to suit the proposed class of tenants. The
entrance or entrances from the street are by passages or covered ways to
the back of the block, where corridors and staircases common to the tenants
branch off. The staircases lead to terraces running along each floor at the
back of the building, and from these terraces the doors of the respective
tenements open, each tenement being preferably so arranged that one half of
the apartments have light from the front of the block, and the other half from
the back thereof. At certain distances, say each tenth or twelfth dwelling, a
vertical shaft to receive ashes and other waste rises upwards through the
terraces. Folding doors or traps are fitted to the said shaft on each terrace,
and when waterclosets are not provided in each house they are placed around
or near the said shaft.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Graham Hope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1867.
I, JOHN GRAHAM HOPE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN UTILIZING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS FOR GENERATING STEAM,
AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," to be as follows,
that is to say
This Invention, which relates to an improved mode of utilizing mineral
and other oils for generating steam in boilers, and in the means employed for
effecting this object, consists as follows:-The fire-box of the boiler is fitted
with brickwork or other material from the front end to the bridge or tube
plate up to the level of the dead plate. The fire-bars are dispensed with, and
the top of the brickwork is covered with a slab or slabs of fire-clay or other
suitable material. One or more pipes lead from one or more reservoirs or
receptacles containing the oil or oils to be burnt, and pass into the space
contained between the slabs and the top of the fire-box or flue of the boiler;
the ends of the pipes are open or perforated, and the oil or oils pass through
the openings in the fire-clay or other slabs whereon they are injected. To
effect the complete combustion of the oil and to prevent the formation of

page_text: smoke, holes are formed in the door of the furnace for the admission of the
requisite quantity.of air; the holes or openings are provided with covers to
regulate the admission of air according to the quantity of oil at any time being
burnt. The oil or oils may be passed through a meter or measuring apparatus,
and the flow is regulated by a valve, stop-cock; or other means. To increase
the draft and supply hydrogen for the purpose of still further increasing the
temperature a jet or jets of steam may be passed into the furnace.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CARTRIDGES FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Plews at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April 1867.
I, JOHN PLEWS, Civil Engineer, of 3, Bucklersbury, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
CARTRIDGES FOR FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting an india-rubber case or vulcanized
india-rubber case, or a case in the manufacture of which india-rubber is used
as an ingredient for any other form of case now in use for the construction of
cartridges for fire-arms and ordnance.
The cartridge case here claimed as an Invention may be manufactured in
one or more distinct parts.
AN IMPROVED RUDDER, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BARGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pren Henry Metham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1867.
I, PREN HENRY METHAM, of Rotherhithe, in the County of Surrey, Ships'
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
RUDDER, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BARGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this improvement is to enable a rudder to occupy greater or
less space at the stern, and also to enable it to present greater. or less surface as
required to the action of the water. For this purpose I form my rudder of a
number of detachable or removable leaves or pieces of different lengths, that
is to say, they gradually increase in length from the stern outward; each of
these leaves or pieces is made narrower at the bottom than at the top; at the
bottom or narrow end they are connected together by mounting them all on a
pin, axis, or like contrivance on which the leaves work as on a centre or fulcrum ;
such pin, axis, or contrivance passes through the rudder post or through an
extension of it. The leaves are also connected together at their upper.ends
by detachable fastenings so that they may all work together, or by removing
some of these fastenings only some of the leaves will work together. The
leaves are slotted or grooved, and in the slot or groove of each leaf works a
stud on the next leaf. To each leaf is attached or with each leaf is connected

page_text: a chain, cord, or equivalent contrivance worked from the vessel by a winch or
other means; and by these means the leaves can be drawn in or out fanwise;
they can thus be extended or developed or caused to take a spread position
and extended to their fullest surface, or they can be drawn up to the stern so
as to lie in parallel planes, or nearly so, like the leaves of a fan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES OR CUPOLAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Prideaux at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March 1867.
I, THOMAS PRIDEAUX, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES OR
CUPOLAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a new method for smelting iron from the ironstone
and entirely dispense with the water twers as at present in use; I construct a
passage or pipe round the furnace between the inner and outer brickwork
under the boshing and above the level of the dam; from this passage are a
number of perforations into the interior of the furnace; the blast is let into
this passage and through the perforations, and thereby spreading over the
whole surface of the furnace; by this process great advantage is derived as the
passage around the furnace acts as a heating stone, and thereby a greater
degree of heat is attained before the air or blast passes through the perforations
into the interior of the furnace.
My improvements also consist in a method for drying or calcining the
ironstone before entering the furnace; to attain this I construct at the top of
the furnace vertical gratings with valves at the dip; the stone is tipped or
thrown on the grating, the gases and heat from the furnace ascends through
the grating and thereby dries or calcines the stone as may be found necessary;
the valves at the dip of the grating are constructed for the purpose of dis-
charging the stone from the grating into the interior of the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Armstrong and Edwin
Eccleston, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th September 1867.
We, "JAMES ARMSTRONG, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, and EDWIN ECCLESTON, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the arrangement berein-after described of the
parts of steam engines whereby the exhaust steam is compressed and re-
introduced several times into the steam chest until it is finally condensed by
the usual surface condensers, by which method of using steam as a motive
power great economy in fuel and boiler space is effected.
Steam engines constructed according to our Invention contain the following
additions to and modifications of the parts of ordinary steam engines:-We
fix an additional cylinder or receiver for the exhaust steam by preference near
to and on the same level as the high-pressure steam cylinder, and by preference
of the same external dimensions. In the interior of this receiver a concentric
cylinder is supported, the piston rod of which working through a stuffing box
in the top of the receiver is actuated by the beam of the engine. By means
of this internal cylinder the exhaust steam from the receiver is compressed
and forced into the steam chest. At the time of introducing the exhaust
steam into the steam chest the high-pressure steam is cut off by means of a
sliding or rotating valve, thus diminishing the resistance to the introduction

page_text: of the compressed exhaust steam into the steam chest. We cut off and force
the exhaust steam during the traverse of the lap of the high-pressure slide
valve, thereby preventing back lash on the engine, and we introduce high-
pressure steam again at the end of the stroke, the internal cylinder having
suitable inlet valves and outlet ports for the exhaust steam, each stroke of the
piston of the said internal cylinder receiving the exhaust on one side while
compressing it on the other. The piston of the internal cylinder may either be
worked from the beam of the engine or from the fly wheel shaft. Around
the middle of the receiver is a belt cored out for the inlet of the high-pressure
steam, through which belt the high-pressure steam is conducted to the rotary
or other valve by which the exhaust steam is introduced into the steam chest.
We prefer to make the internal cylinder of the receiver of one-half the
diameter of the high-pressure cylinder, and to give it a stroke two-thirds
that of the high-pressure cylinder, but we do not limit ourselves to these pro-
portions. In the pipe, which connects the high-pressure cylinder with the
receiver, and as close as convenient to the exhaust port of the high-pressure
cylinder, we fix an exhaust delivery or back pressure valve. When steam of
very high pressure is employed the internal forcing cylinder in the receiver
may be dispensed with.
Our improvements are applicable to stationary, marine, and locomotive
steam engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN FIRE-PLACES AND STOVE GRATES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ECONOMISING FUEL AND SECURING A KORE PERFECT COMBUSTION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Prideaux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1867.
I, THOMAS PRIDEAUX, of Prideaux Chambers, Sheffield, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN FIRE-PLACES AND
STOVE GRATES FOR THE PURPOSE OF ECONOMISING FUEL AND SECURING A KORE
PERFECT COMBUSTION," to be as follows:-
In applying this Invention I construct in the chimney of such fire-place or
other convenient place a tube or flue open at one end to the external atmo-
sphere or to the atmosphere of the room or building in which the fire-place is
situated, and at the other end communicating with a chamber constructed at
the back or sides or back and sides of the fire-place; this chamber being
provided with a grating or perforated plate at the part next the fire. Air thus
passes into the tube or flue at the open end, and thence into the chamber, being
heated in such passage, and issuing through the grating or perforations into
the fire-place among and above the burning fuel, thereby effecting a material
saving of fuel and a more perfect combustion.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SHUTTLE FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Padbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1867.
I, ROBERT HENRY PADBURY, of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex,
Sewing Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SHUTTLE FOR SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore shuttles for sewing machines have been generally made by
punching them out of sheet metal, and the parts fitted therein, but when so
made they have been found to get quickly worn, and the edges becoming
sharp the cotton is continually cut; now according to my Invention I entirely
obviate these defects.
My Invention consists in the construction of shuttles for sewing machines in
two parts, and in the following manner :-The first part or the shuttle proper
is made of one solid piece of metal; it is pointed in the ordinary way, and is
bored to receive a reel, the back is slotted which acts as a bar to guide the
cotton from the reel, and there is a slot on the top for the spring which bears
on the reel.
The second part or heel of the shuttle is swivelled on the tension plate, and
fits into the rear end of the solid shuttle, it is drilled and countersunk on its
inner end to receive one end of the reel spindle, the other end of which works
in the nose end of the solid shuttle, drilled and countersunk in a similar
The tension plate has a notch or recess cut in it, which when the

page_text: plate is closed passes over or on a stud or ridge on the solid shuttle, and the
heel end is thus prevented from leaving the shuttle, and at the same time the
reel is kept in position. A ridge is also formed on the forward end of the
tension plate, which when closed springs into a recess on the forward end
of the shuttle, and the plate is thus prevented from opening.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ELASTIC CLASP OR LOCK SUITABLE FOR POCKET BOOKS, PURSES, WALLETS, OR ANY KIND OF LEATHER CASES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abel Holloway at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1867.
I, ABEL HOLLOWAY, of No. 96, Grange Road, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Fancy Lock, Clasp, and Button Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ELASTIC CLASP OR
LOCK SUITABLE FOR POCKET BOOKS, PURSES, WALLETS, OR ANY KIND OF LEATHER
CASES," to be as follows:-
The elastic clasp is composed of an oblong box for the upper part and a tongue
or slide of metal acted upon by a spiral spring or springs which gives the
elastic property which forms the principal feature or novelty of the Invention ;
the ketch or hook of this slide is formed by cutting a hole in the said slide in
the shape of an horse-shoe or shield, the tongue of metal forming the interior
of the hole being the hook or ketch for fastening it to the lower part of the
clasp. The lower part of the clasp is composed of a flat plate of metal with
a small staple or bow rivetted in the side of the above-named plate which
forms the lower half of the said clasp; under this staple the tongue of metal
forming the centre of horse-shoe shaped hole in the slide of the upper parts
of the said clasp passes for fastening the two parts together. This clasp
is different in all respects from any clasp that I know of at present in
existence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1867.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of Bessborough Gardens; Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention has reference to the causing anchors to readily take a
hold of or grip into the ground though falling at random and without the
assistance of the stock or cross bar with which anchors are ordinarily con-
structed, but which is omitted in the improved anchors, thereby lessening
the cost.
And the said Invention consists in constructing anchors with the arms and
flukes while being disposed with reference to the shank, as heretofore, in respect
of being bent or curved upwards or forwards towards the end of the shank,
to which the cable is to be attached, not disposed as heretofore in respect of
being in end view or as seen looking in the line or direction of the shank
with the arms or flukes in a generally straight line, but instead thereof being
disposed with the arms and flukes in a generally curved line formed more or
less like the letter S with the middle, or meeting, or two curves of the S
situate across the shank. The Invention also, including the inclination of the
palms, so as that the effect may be when the shank is pulled to raise one or
other of the palms (with its arm) whichever may be presented downwards, to

page_text: enter the ground and form for itself and work itself into the ground in an
inclined or screw-like path. If it is desired to add weight to the anchor, this
may be done either by one or more cast-iron boss, or bosses, to be pinned on
or otherwise affixed, and which may be done at a comparatively small cost;
or, if in wrought iron the boss or bosses may be forged in one with the
anchor.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald MoMurdo at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1867.
I, ARCHIBALD MCMURDO, Rear Admiral in the Royal Navy, of Cargenholm,
Dumfries, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING," to be as follows, viz. :-
My said Invention consists of a belt constructed of two strong flexible inelastic
air-tight chambers of stout canvas & india-rubber, or other suitable material.
Each of these chambers is made so as to be of a crescent form when inflated,
the inner circumference flat vertically so as to lie close to the boily when in
situ, and the outer circumference curved, so that a transverse vertical section
of the chamber in any part when inflated shall represent in some degree a
segment of a circle with its chord. The said air chambers may be of any
convenient size, for men's use about seven inches deep at the front and about
five and a half inches deep at the back, and the outer circumference is made
gradually to bulge somewhat less from before backwards, so that the larger
& more buoyant part of the belt may be in front. Into the upper front
extremity of each chamber is properly cemented a flat flexible tube of thin
air-tight material attached by a cement in its whole length to the inside of the
inner circumference of the belt, and projecting to the bottom of the chamber.
To the upper end of this air-tight tube which projects a few inches outside
the chamber is attached securely a simple piece of tube of horn or metal to be
used as a mouthpiece in inflating, that attached to one chamber being made
to fit tightly into that attached to the other. At the back the two chambers

page_text: are strongly laced together so as to bo made to fit the particular wearer, or
they may be united by a very strong elastic. The front margins are furnished
with strong hooks and eyes by which the belt is fixed in its place around the
body. Thus constructed the belt may be worn at all times under or within
the linings of an ordinary waistcoat so as to form a part thereof. Or for
ladies' use they may be made of suitable dimensions and worn under a loose
dress body or being suitably ornamented may be worn over the dress. In
every case it is essential that there should be no tightness to interfere with
the perfect inflation of the chambers. In a moment of danger the wearer can
in a few seronds inflate the belt by blowing through the little horn or metal
tubes, & then thrusting the one into the other the apparatus is complete.
The inflation is accomplished with great ease, and by the projection of the
inflating tubes to the bottom of the chambers their their whole length becomes
compressed by the external water pressure so as to prevent the escape of air
even if the horn or metal tubes should by any accident become separated.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING CAST STEEL AND MALLEABLE IRON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th December
1867. A communication from abroad by Edward Louis Seymour, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
CAST STEEL AND MALLEABLE IRON," to be as follows :—
In order to separate with certainty and facility the pure ores from the
impure, that is to say, the carbonates and the peroxides or sesquioxides of
iron from such oxides of the same as are combined with titanic, tungstic,
chromic, or other acids, as well as from sulphurets and sulph-arseniurets from
sulphates, phosphates, silicates, in fine from all noxious elements; the ore in a
pulverized or granular state is calcined in a furnace of convenient construction
at a white heat, and thus the hydrated and anhydrous peroxides and the
carbonates of iron (which are not attracted by the magnet) are converted into
magnetic oxides of iron. This enables the operator (after the ore is cooled)
to get rid of all impurities by the sample mechanism of revolving magnets
or its equivalent. Pure oxides of iron thus or otherwise obtained are mixed
with the proper quantity of powdered charcoal, and the mixture is treated for

page_text: two hours or longer at a strong red heat in appropriate vessels or furnaces
till the iron has parted with all its oxygen in favor of the carbon without
entering into combination with the latter; in other words the ore is deoxidized
or metalized without being charged with carbon, and without even a partial
fusion or agglutination of the metallic particles. To prevent partial oxidation
the metalized ore must be cooled without access of air. After mixing the
ore thus metalized with the necessary quantity of carbon, according to the
quality and nature of the metal to be produced, it is melted in close crucibles
or other receptacles in furnaces so constructed that the crucibles, vessels, or
receptacles containing the metalized ore mixed with the requisite proportion
of carbon cannot come into direct contact with either the burning fuel or the
gases produced by the combustion of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THREAD- POLISHING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert McCulloch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1867.
I, GILBERT MCCULLOCH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THREAD-
POLISHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of oscillating self-acting
spreading motions for laying the threads side by side on the rollers instead of
by hand, as at present; secondly, an improved self-acting arrangement for
giving the required tension to the threads on the rollers; and, thirdly, in an
improved mode of making the rollers. To the shaft carrying the ordinary
circular brush I fix a worm gearing into a worm wheel for giving motion by
bevil gearing to a vertical shaft carrying a crank working in a slotted arm
for giving to-and-fro motion to a slide carrying a number of spreaders or
fingers which are in contact with the threads on the rollers and spread them
side by side, the said spreaders being placed on pins or pivots and balanced
so that they yield to prevent damage if the threads should be placed
irregularly on the rollers. Instead of worm gearing toothed wheels may be
substituted for them, and it is evident that other traversing motions may
be employed to give the to-and-fro motion to the spreaders.
Secondly. For giving the required tension to the threads I work the

page_text: ordinary tension screws by means of a ratchet wheel worked by a lever con-
nected by a rod to a crank pin on the worm fixed to the brush shaft.
Thirdly. In the improved mode of forming the rollers I use ordinary
wrought-iron tubing and swage it down to receive the axes, which axes are
afterwards welded to the swaged parts, and thereby form strong rollers
with comparative lightness, and for preventing oxidation I coat the rollers
with tin by immersing them in the molten metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR PRINTING WOVEN FABRICS, WARPS, YARNS, AND PAPER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fredrick Andrew and Leonard
Clarkson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th July 1867.
We, FREDRICK ANDREW and LEONARD CLARKSON, of Harpurhey, near
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR PRINTING WOVEN
FABRICS, WARPS, YARNS, AND PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a bowl covered with vulcanized
india-rubber or other similar elastic material instead of the lapping and blanket
hitherto employed in printing machines, and cleaning the surface of the bowl
with a doctor or roller either with or without water. The material passes
between the printing roller or rollers and the bowl, and the impressions are
obtained in a very effectual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE AMOUNT LIFTED OR FOR INDICATING ONLY THE SAID WEIGHT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Follett Charles Hennet and Daniel
Spink at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st June 1867.
We, FOLLETT CHARLES HENNET and DANIEL SPINK, both of Bridgewater
Iron Works, Bridgewater, in the County of Somerset, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING
THE AMOUNT LIFTED OR FOR INDICATING ONLY THE SAID WEIGHT," to be as
follows:-
By the arrangement proposed the crane or other chain for lifting is passed
through a block or pulley which is connected by rods to a weighted lever, the
deflection of which shows the amount of weight being lifted, the said lever
being furnished with an index or dial and a needle or hand to indicate the
deflection on the divisions of such dial which show the weight. For the
purpose of registering as well as indicating the weight a second hand is
applied on the dial actuated by the one first mentioned, which remains stationary
on being moved to any point in order to register the weight, or other means
may be applied to afford a permanent register of the weights lifted as well
understood in registering apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Morpeth Shackleton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th December 1867.
I, JAMES MORPETH SHACKLETON, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
'Cotton Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in umbrellas by constructing them
in such manner as to prevent the dripping or running of water from the
points or tips of the ribs, which I effect by binding the outside of the umbrellas
from rib to rib with a narrow border of oiled or waterproof silk, the upper
portion of the border being open or free to receive water, which is readily
discharged by inverting the umbrellas. Umbrellas constructed as above
described are not rendered bulky and cumbersome (the objection to previous
plans for effecting the object above mentioned) as the silk border is narrow,
and being the same colour as the body of the umbrellas they are in appear-
ance similar to umbrellas as ordinarily constructed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REVIVIFYING ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Blair at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd September
1867.
I, JAMES BLAIR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REVIVIFYING ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the revivifying of animal charcoal in a
simple, convenient, and economical manner, and it consists in passing or
forcing through the animal charcoal a suitable heated gas or mixture of gasses.
It is desirable for the gas or mixture of gasses to contain as small a proportion
as possible of free or unsaturated oxygen, or similar gas that would act
injuriously on the animal charcoal. More or less pure carbonic oxide or
nitrogen may be used, but it is believed that it will be most convenient in
practice to employ atmospheric air, the oxygen of which has been converted
into carbonic oxide by well-known means. Any convenient apparatus for
blowing or forcing the heated gas may be used, and the revivifying process
may be conducted either in the cisterns or vessels in which the animal charcoal
is used for purifying purposes or in separate vessels.
THE COMBINATION OF A BOTTLE AND COMPASS, AND THE MODE OF COMBINING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Boehm at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July 1867.
I, GUSTAV BŒHM, of Offenbach, Hesse Darmstadt, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "THE COMBINATION OF A BOTTLE AND COMPASS,
AND THE MODE OF COMBINING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining a bottle and a compass card and needle,
and in the mode of effecting such combination.
My mode is as follows:-I take a flat sided bottle of about the contour of a
watch, and with a recess in one side so formed as to receive a glass like a
watch glass; this recess has a deeper recess at the centre to receive a piece of
stout paper or other material to which the pivot of the compass is secured;
this piece of paper fits the deeper recess, and is glued or pasted to the glass,
whereby the pivot is firmly secured without being passed through the glass
itself, as is usually the case with compass pivots. The compass card which
fits the shallower recess is next pasted upon the glass, and conceals the piece
of paper which holds the pivot. The needle is then placed on its pivot, and
finally a glass like an ordinary watch glass is put over the whole in the same
way as a glass is put over a watch face. As glass does not affect the compass
the needle keeps perfectly true, and as the needle pivot is not secured to the
glass itself, but to paper or other material which is afterwards pasted to the
glass, I avoid the necessity of drilling a hole in the glass as has usually been
the case when securing a pivot, and the advantage thus gained forms an
important feature of my mode of combining a bottle and compass.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ALLOWING THE ESCAPE OF SUPERFLUOUS CARBON FROM CASKS OF NEWLY-MADE WINE, CIDER, PERRY, AND OTHER FERMENTING LIQUORS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bromwich at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1867.
I, THOMAS BROMWICH, of Bridgnorth, in the County of Salop, Draper, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS
OF ALLOWING THE ESCAPE OF SUPERFLUOUS CARBON FROM CASKS OF NEWLY-MADE
WINE, CIDER, PERRY, AND OTHER FERMENTING LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
According to the present manner of making wines, cider, perry, and other
fermenting liquors, it is usual to leave the bung of the cask open until
fermentation has ceased or nearly so, so as to prevent the bursting of the cask,
which supposing the cask were completely closed would occur. This, however,
causes another evil, which is that the cask of liquor is necessarily left open so
long that frequently its contents become acid.
The object of my Invention is to remedy this latter evil, which I propose to
do by the employment of the following means:-The liquid is poured into the
cask up to the purge hole, and in the course of two or three days afterwards
(or in what may be considered the proper time) all the openings in the cask
are stopped and made air-tight with the exception of a hole (which is by
preference about or inch in diameter) which is cut in a convenient part
of the barrel, usually at the top; this hole is closed by a boss or knob of
leather, india-rubber, gutta percha, flannel, or other suitable substance. The
said boss or knob is caused to be pressed closely down upon the said hole by

page_text: means of a metallic spring or weight in such manner that the cask may be
completely air-tight. Its effect will therefore be to effectually exclude the
outer air, but when the liquor inside the cask has generated a certain amount
of carbon the internal force so generated will be sufficient to open the valve,
and so allow the surplus carbon from time to time to escape until the liquor
inside has ceased to ferment.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF PRESERVING MEAT, FISH, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th April 1867.-A communication from abroad by Francesco Cirio, of
Turin, Italy.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PROCESS OF PRESERVING MEAT, FISH, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is based on the forming of a vacuum in the pores of the
object to be preserved, and on the natural or forced introduction of a saline
solution into the pores thus deprived of air.
The process is as follows:-I place or suspend the meat or other substance
to be preserved in a convenient receptacle; I then form a vacuum therein by
any convenient apparatus and agent. When the vacuum is formed I inter-
rupt the action of the exhauster and open an inlet cock for the saline solution
at the ordinary saturation of 25°; this solution fills the pores, from which the
air has been extracted. When large pieces are to be treated it is necessary
after having made the vacuum in the receptacle to introduce the saline solution
under pressure in order that it may penetrate into all the pores. The process
particularly applies to meat, game, poultry, fish, fruit, and cheese. For cheese
the operation only lasts 6 or 8 minutes; for meat, 18 or 20 minutes, more or
less.
AN IMPROVED FAN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Laine at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1867.
I, LOUIS LAINE, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FAN," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine with or affix to fans, whatever
form they may assume, or whatever material they may be made of, either a
band glass, binocle, or spy glass, or any other such like or analogous optical
instrument, and consists in lodging one of these objects in a cavity provided
in one or both of the fan sticks as may be required. The hand glass, binocle,
or spy glass furnished with its mounting is retained in the cavity by means
of a spring actuated by a thumb piece projecting on the side of the fan stick,
which has only to be pressed to open it by means of the barrel spring actually
in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING PROM PASSENGERS TO GUARDS IN TRAINS, AND FOR INDICATING FROM WHICH CARRIAGE OR COMPARTMENT A Com- MUNICATION HAS BEEN MADE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sanderson Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
March 1867.
I, JOHN SANDERSON MORTON, of the Town and County of Northampton,
Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING PROM PASSENGERS TO GUARDS
IN TRAINS, AND FOR INDICATING FROM WHICH CARRIAGE OR COMPARTMENT A Com-
MUNICATION HAS BEEN MADE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of apparatus as hereafter described to be used in
conjunction with a cord or chain carried from one end of the train to the
other along the tops of the carriages inside, and connected with a bell or
other signal in the guard's van. I enclose this cord in a tube, a portion of
which in each compartment is hinged so as to fall and expose the cord when
a handle in the compartment is turned. The rod or spindle of this handle
projects through the top of the compartment, and is connected above to one
end of a bar, the other end of which carries a paul. When the handle is
turned this bar comes against and moves a lever; a chain or equivalent
carried from this lever is connected to the short end of a signal lever arm
pivotted in bearings on the top of the carriage; the moving of the first-named
lever causes the chain to pull and thereby raise the signal lever. This signal

page_text: lever may carry an indicating board, or at night it may be hooked to the
carriage lamp. The arrangement just described refers to one compartment
of each carriage, for each of the other compartments a chain is carried from
the first-named lever to the bar connected to the handle of each carriage.
When a passenger desires to communicate with the guard he turns the handle
in his compartment, whereby the hinged portion of the tube enclosing the
communicating cord falls, and the passenger by pulling this cord communi-
cates with the guard. The turning of the handle also moves the bar above
the carriage, and thereby acts on the lever chain and signal lever arm, causing
the latter to rise and indicate from which carriage the communication has
been made. The paul connected to the bar drops into a catch on the
carriage top and prevents the signal lever arm falling until the paul is released
by hand. The handle may be fitted so as to be pulled instead of turned as
before described.