IMPROVEMENTS IN PADLOCKS AND OTHER LOCKS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JAMES HARROWER of Preston Crescent, Inverkeithing, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PADLOCKS AND OTHER LOCKS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in padlocks and other locks and consists
in the bolts thereof being of partly annular form and operating in the direction of
their length.
The path traversed by the bolt of each of the locks constructed according to this
Invention, is determined by the position of the pin or barrel of the key which is
co-axial with the centre from which the curve of the said path is struck.
The key, which is formed with two "bits' is capable of being inserted in the
lock from one or both sides thereof as may be required, and is provided with a
short pin or projection which fits into a slot in the inner web of the bolt, and
prevents the key from passing in, when inserted in a wrong position, sufficiently
to operate the bolt of the lock. The curved bolt is recessed at its sides or edges
for the accommodation of the levers which secure it, both when the bolt is extended
and when the said bolt is withdrawn within the lock..
When the bolt of the lock is required to be withdrawn, the key is inserted and
turned therein in the required direction. This operation causes a pivoted lever to
be operated in the direction of the length of the key and released from one recess
in the bolt. The pin or projection hereinbefore mentioned, then abuts against the
end of the curved slot in which it enters, and consequently the bolt is operated
directly from the key. The bolt nearing its normal position, by its rounded end,
presses back the retaining lever which falls into the second recess on the bolt,
when presented thereto and thus locks the bolt when in its inactive condition and
the key may be withdrawn. For the securing and moving forward of the curved
bolt, the actions hereinlast described are reversed.
When two levers are employed in a lock constructed according to the present
Invention, they are arranged so as to simultaneously operate in opposite directions,
and thereby give a balance to the work exerted by the key.
The "striking plates" used in connection with the locks constructed as herein-
before described are formed with two openings, one for the entrance and the other
for the exit of the bolt.

page_text: I, JAMES HARROWER, of Preston Crescent, Inverkeithing, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADLOCKS AND OTHER LOCKS and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention relates to improvements in padlocks and other locks and consists
in the bolts thereof being of partly annular form and operating in the direction of
their length.
The path traversed by the bolt of each of the locks constructed according to my
Invention is determined by the position of the pin or barrel of the key which is
co-axial with the centre from which the curve of the said path is struck.
The key, which is formed with two "bits" is capable of being inserted in the
lock from one or both sides thereof as may be required, and is provided with a
short pin or projection which fits into a slot in the inner web of the bolt, and
prevents the key from passing in, when inserted in a wrong position, sufficiently
to operate the bolt of the lock. The curved bolt is recessed at its sides or edges
for the accommodation of the levers which secure it, both when the bolt is extended
and when the said bolt is withdrawn within the lock.
When the bolt of the lock is required to be withdrawn, the key is inserted and
turned therein in the required direction. This operation causes a pivoted lever or
two such pivoted levers to be operated in the direction of the length of the key
and released from one or more recesses in the bolt. The pin or projection herein-
before mentioned, then abuts against the end of the curved slot in which it enters,
and consequently the bolt is operated directly from the key. The bolt nearing its
normal position, by its rounded end, presses back the retaining lever which falls
into the second recess on the bolt, when presented thereto and thus locks the bolt
when in its inactive condition and the key may be withdrawn. For the securing
and moving forward of the curved bolt, the actions hereinlast described are reversed.
When two levers are employed in a lock constructed according to the present
Invention, they are arranged so as to simultaneously operate in opposite directions,
and thereby give a balance to the work exerted by the key.
The "striking plates" used in connection with the locks constructed as herein-
before described are formed with two openings, one for the entrance and the other
for the exit of the bolt.
In order that my said Invention may be properly understood and readily carried
into effect, I will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
Figures 1 and 2, are respectively a front and an end elevation of a padlock
constructed according to my present Invention and arranged for the insertion of
the key at one side only.
Figure 3, is a plan of the same.
Figure 4, is a front elevation of the same with the "key" plate removed, and
shewn with the bolt locked through a "striking plate" which is represented in
section.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of the same taken on the line A. B. Figure 1.

page_text: Figure 6, is a horizontal section of the same taken on the line C. D. Figure 1.
Figures 7 and 8, are respectively a front elevation and a side elevation or edge
view of the bolt of the same.
Figures 9, 10 and 11. are respectively a front elevation, a plan and an end
elevation of one of the levers of the same.
Figures 12, 13 and 14 are respectively a side elevation, an end elevation and a
plan of the key of the same.
Figures 15 and 16 are respectively a front and an end elevation of a door lock
as constructed according to my present Invention and arranged for the insertion of
the key at either side thereof.
Figure 17 is a plan of the same.
Figure 18 is a front elevation of the same, with one of its side plates removed.
Figure 19, is a transverse section of the same taken on the line E. F. Figure 15.
Figure 20, is a horizontal section of the same taken on the line G. H. Figure 15.
Figures 21 and 22 are respectively a front elevation and a side elevation or edge
view of the bolt of the same.
Figures 23, 24 and 25 are respectively a front elevation, a plan and an end
elevation of one of the levers of the same.
Figures 26, 27 and 28 are respectively a side elevation, an end elevation and a
plan of the key of the same.
In constructing a padlock according to my present Invention and as represented
upon sheet 1. of the annexed drawings, there are provided the two plates a, and b,
the front plate a, of which, is formed with an opening for passing the key into the
lock. The back plate b, is provided with the projection c, which is drilled for the
reception of the pins d. The centre pin e, is fixed into the back plate b, by riveting
or by other suitable means, and the said back plate b, and the front plate a, are
recessed out for the proper working therein of the levers which are hereinafter
described.
.
The bolt f, as shewn more particularly at Figures 4, 7 and 8, is of a partly
annular form and is constructed with the inner web g, which is perforated at h, so
as to pass over and pivot upon the centre pin e. The web g, is further provided
with the partly annular slot i, and is strengthened at its back by the disc-like
projection j, which has its bearing in a corresponding recess formed in the back
plate b. The bolt f, which is preferably of square section is recessed at k, at
diametrically opposite parts, one of these recesses joining the slot l, in the arm of
the web g. The front and back plates a, and b, are screwed or otherwise secured
to the central or body portion m, of the padlock this said portion being recessed
for the working therein of the levers n, and springs t, the former of which are
horizontally pivoted upon the pins d, and are capable of longitudinal motion thereon,
by virtue of the pins d, passing through the elongated slots p. The levers n, are
supported at their underside upon the projection q, which is formed upon the front
plate a, and as shewn more particularly at Figures 9, 10 and 11, the said levers are
each formed with an opening large enough to allow the bolt f, to rotate through,
the tributary opening r, being provided to allow the web g, of the said bolt to pass
through. The transverse leads 8, of the levers n, are rounded off so as to present
cam-like surfaces to the "bits" of the key, when these are brought in contact for
operating the bolt. The springs t, and u, which are secured to the front plate a,
by screws w, or otherwise, press the levers n, into, and maintain them in their
locking position, that is to say, the position in which the said levers n, are repre-
sented in full lines at Figure 6 of the annexed drawings, the levers being pressed
into the recesses k. The key, which is shewn more particularly at Figures 12, 13
and 14, is formed with two "bits" one of these being provided with the pin or
projection v, which enters the slot . The "bits" of the key are of such shape
that upon being turned in the lock, the rounded edges w¹, thereof passing across
the extreme faces of the transverse heads 8, press the levers n, outwards, and the
edges x, passing under the rounded faces of the said levers n, cause them to pivot
upon the pins d, until such time as the position of the square openings in the

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levers coincides with that of the square section of the bolt f, that is to say, the
position in which the levers n, are represented in dotted lines at Figure 6, at which
time the pin or projection ù, abuts against the end of the slot i, and the bolt f, is
rotated. The bolt f, is then rotated directly, by the key, the "bits" of which leave
the levers n, when near their vertical position and again approach and open the
gates constituted by the square spaces in the levers n, while the bolt f, is still
rotating. The bolt f, having arrived at its "locked" or "unlocked" position, the
key to be withdrawn is turned back one-quarter revolution and the levers n, thus
released, are pressed by the springs t, and u, into the recesses k, and the bolt f, is
thereby secured either in its "locked" or "unlocked" state.
The striking plate y, through which the bolt f, is represented as locked at
Figure 4, is formed with two openings, one for the entrance and the other for the
exit of the bolt f.
The door lock which is represented on Sheet 2 of the annexed drawings is
arranged to open from either side, the general construction of this lock being
similar to that of the lock hereinbefore described, and it is to be understood that
similar letters of reference indicate corresponding or analogous parts throughout
the drawings.
The main portion of this lock is composed of the body or central portion a¹, the
plates b', and the plates c¹, these latter plates being formed with openings through
which to insert the key into the lock, and all connected together by screws or
otherwise. The levers n, which, in this construction, preferably have the springs t,
secured to them, are formed each with two transverse heads s. The rounded or
oblique cam surfaces of the two transverse heads of each lever are presented both
in the same direction, while those of each of the two levers face in opposite
directions. The pin d¹, of the key as shewn at Figures 26, 27 and 28, is arranged
to pass through the lock from side to side and the "bits" e¹, thereof are arranged
to simultaneously press and pivot in opposite directions, the two levers n, which
in their "locked" condition occupy the positions indicated by dotted lines at
Figure 20. This it effects by pressing one of the levers outwards by the rounded
edge f, and pivoting the same lever by the surface g¹, while the opposite lever n,
it presses outwards by the rounded edge h¹, and pivots by the surface i¹, and vice
versa according from which side of the lock the key is turned.
Any required projections or wards ¹, may be formed on the plates c¹, and the
web g.
I desire it to be understood, although I have termed the lock represented upon
Sheet 1 of the annexed drawings a "padlock" that it is of such construction as
admits of its being used as a drawer, box or other lock.
It is to be observed upon an attempt being made to lock or unlock any of the
class of locks hereinbefore described and shewn upon the annexed drawings by
'means of keys having "bits" not of the exact proportions, that the levers n,
are either, not pressed outwards or pivoted far enough, or they are pressed or
pivoted too far; in either case the bolt is maintained secure by reason of the
insufficiency or excess of motion thereof, leaving or passing the said levers n, in
the recesses h..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. The improvements in that class of padlocks and other locks wherein
bolts f, of partly annular form are employed, and into which locks, the keys are
insertable from one side only, consisting of the levers n, and the springs t, and u,
for pressing the said levers into the recesses k, and the constructing, pivoting and
otherwise operating the said levers n, all substantially as aud in the manner and
for the purposes herein before set forth with reference, more particularly to Sheet 1
of the annexed drawings.

page_text: Second. The improvements claimed under the preceding claiming clause as
applied to padlocks and other locks which are capable of being locked or unlocked
by a key insertable at either side thereof all substantially as and operating in the
manner hereinbefore set forth with reference more particularly to Sheet 2 of the
annexed drawings.
Third. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the lock
represented on Sheet 1 of the annexed drawings all operating in the manner and
for the purposes substantially as bereinbefore set forth.
Fourth. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the door or
other lock represented on Sheet 2 of the annexed drawings all operating in the
manner and for the purposes substantially as herein before set forth.
Dated thin car
1007
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
Applicant's Agents.