IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO GRANU- LATING, GRINDING, CRUSHING, OR OTHERWISE REDUCING MIDDLINGS, POLLARDS, BRANS, OR OTHER 'OFFALS' OF WHEAT, RICE, OR OTHER GRAINS OR SEEDS
Year: 1877

page_text: FR
LETTERS PATENT to Edward Davies, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO GRANU-
LATING, GRINDING, CRUSHING, OR OTHERWISE REDUCING MIDDLINGS, POLLARDS,
BRANS, OR OTHER 'OFFALS' OF WHEAT, RICE, OR OTHER GRAINS OR SEEDS."
Sealed the 14th May 1878, and dated the 6th December 1877.
Sealed the 14th May 1878, and dated the 6th December 1877.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1877.
EDWARD DAVIES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPERTAINING TO GRANULATING, GRINDING, CRUSHING, OR OTHERWISE RE-
DUCING MIDDLINGS, POLLARDS, BRANS, OR OTHER 'OFFALS' OF WHEAT, RICE, OR
OTHER GRAINS OR SEEDS."
My Invention relates to granulating, grinding, crushing, or otherwise reducing
middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other grains or seeds, and
consists in treating such middlings or offals by passing the same through or between
vertical discs of millstone or other stone of a hard porous nature, or glass.
The stones are arranged vertically on a borizontal shaft or shafts, so that one
stone may be a fixture and the other stone working against its face, or the stones
may be caused to run in opposite directions or in the same direction, in the latter
case one stone having a considerably greater speed than the other stone. The stones
are kept together, and their position regulated by a spring or by a lover, which is
weighted, or spring retained, and one end of which takes on to a sleeve which bears
on a collar on the shaft carrying either of the stones. The stones are fixed on a
suitable framework provided with bearings in which their shafts run. The whole
apparatus is covered over with a casing provided at the top with a hopper which
feeds into the eye of either of the stones.

page_text: The shaft of the stone through the eye of which the feed is passed is provided
with helical blades to assist such feed.
When the stones are arranged to run in opposite directions they may be arranged
by being carried or mounted, one on a hollow shaft and the other on a shaft which
passes through such hollow shaft, each shaft being carried in suitable bearings, and
provided with pulleys or toothed gear wheels, which receive their motion from
pulleys or toothed gear wheels on a second shaft placed above, or under the mill
Where the stones are arranged to run in the same direction, but at differential speeds,
the same gearing may be used with the straps, or toothed gear wheels arranged
accordingly.
By preference the stones are made of about, say, twelve inches diameter and five
inches thick, and run at a speed of, say, from three hundred to five hundred revolu-
tions per minute.
In the case of differential speed, the proportion may be about three to two. The
faces of the stones may be provided with furrows rubbed as smooth as possible, and
the stones may be arranged either with furrow to furrow, or face surface to furrow,
and the stones are so fitted up in their bearings that they can be easily removed for
dressing. They run within a case which is provided at the bottom with a suitable
discharge spout.
The essential features of this my Invention may be said to consist of mills having
small vertical stones of millstone or glass, set with one stone stationary and the
other stone running on the face thereof, or the stones running in opposite directions,
or the stones running in the same direction with differential speeds for treating
middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other grains or seeds.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th June
1878.
EDWARD DAVIES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPERTAINING TO GRANULATING, GRINDING, CRUSHING, OR OTHERWISE RE-
DUCING MIDDLINGS, POLLARDS, BRANS, OR OTHER 'OFFALS' OF WHEAT, RICE, OR
OTHER GRAINS OR SEEDS."
My Invention relates to granulating, grinding, crushing, or otherwise reducing
middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other grains or seeds,
and consists treating such middlings or offals by passing the same through or
between vertical discs of French burr or other stone, or substance of a hard porous
nature, or glass.
The stones aro arranged vertically on a horizontal shaft or shafts, so that one
stone may be a fixture and the other stone working against its face, or the stones
may be caused to run in opposite directions or in the same direction, in the latter
case one stone having a considerably greater speed than the other stone. The
stones are kept up to their work by the shaft which carries one of them, being made
adjustable longitudinally, controlled by a spring, and adjusted by a hand wheel and
screw. In the case of one stone being a fixture it is held and adjusted in the frame
by set screws. The stones are fixed on a suitable framework provided with bearings
in which their shafts run. The whole apparatus is covered over with a casing pro-
vided at the top with a hopper which feeds into the eye of either of the stones.
The shaft of the stone through the eye of which the feed is passed is provided
with helical blades to assist such feed, which may be adjusted to regulate the speed
of such feed.
When the stones are arranged to run in opposite directions they may be arranged
by being carried or mounted, one on a hollow shaft and the other on a shaft which
passes through such hollow shaft, each shaft being carried in suitable bearings, and
provided with pulleys or toothed gear wheels, or friction wheels, which receive their
motion from pulleys or toothed gear wheels on a second shaft placed above, or under
the mill.
Where the stones are arranged to run in the same direction, but at differential
speeds, the same gearing may be used with the straps or toothed gear wheels
arranged accordingly.
By preference the stones are made of about twelve inches diameter and five
inches thick, and run at a speed of, say, from three to five hundred revolutions or
upwards per minute.
In the case of differential speed the proportion may be about three to two, or
more. The faces of the stones may be provided with furrows, rubbed as smooth as
possible, and the stones may be arranged either with furrow to furrow, or face
surface to furrow, and the stones are so fitted up in their bearings that they can be
easily removed for dressing. They run within a case which is provided at the
bottom with a suitable discharge spout.
The before-going being the nature and object of iny Invention I will now proceed
to describe by the aid of the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings how the same
may be carried into practical effect, reference being had to the figures and letters of
reference marked on the Drawings, which correspond with those in the following
explanation, and where like letters occur on the various views they denote the
same or corresponding parts.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a machine constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 2 is an end view of Figure 1; Figure 3 is an outside view of
Figure 1; Figure 4 is a plan of Figure 1; Figure 5 is a section at A, B, Figure 1.
Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 illustrate millstone detached.

page_text: Figure 10 is a further illustration of my Invention, showing arrangement for
running both stones, either in the same or in opposite directions.
Upon reference to the Drawings it will be seen that my Invention consists of an
apparatus or machine by which tho grinding, granulating, crushing, or otherwise
reducing middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other grains or
seeds is effected by passing the same through or between the vertical discs A, B, of
French burr or other stone, or substance of a hard porous nature.
The stones A, B, are arranged vertically on a horizontal shaft C (see Figure 1),
or shafts C, R, (see Figure 10) Figure 1 illustrates my Invention with the stone Â
a fixture and carried by the frame E, and the stone B keyed on to the shaft C and
working against the face of the stone A. The stone B is kept up to its work, and
to the face of the stone A by the hand wheel and screw F or F, which in conjunc-
tion with the spiral spring G controls the position of the shaft C, and thereby the
stone B. The stone A is adjusted in the frame E by means of the set screws H.
The stones A and B are prevented from rubbing when the machine is running
empty by the spring G before referred to, which spring presses against the disc I,
which may be of brass or other suitable material, bearing against the tail end of the
shaft C, thus having a tendency to press the stone B from the stone A The stones
A and B are fixed or mounted in the framework J, provided as in Figure 1 with
three bearings K, K¹, K¹¹
2
The frame J is covered with casing L, and is provided with a hopper or feed
spout at M, and a discharge spout N to induce the material to be treated to pass
into the eye of the stone A, or either of the stones I provide the shaft C with
helical blades a, which propel the feed between the stones. The casing L is
provided with a suitable opening O for applying a blast or exhaust, and the shaft 2
C is driven by the pulley P.
Upon reference to Figure 10 it will be seen that both the stones A and B are
made to run, the stone B by means of the shaft C, and the stone A by means of tho
hollow gudgeon or shaft R, the stone B being driven by the pulley P, and the stone
A being driven by the pulloy S, an additional bearing K11 being provided to carry 3
the hollow gudgeon R. By this modification the stones can be made to run in
opposite directions, or in the same direction at differential speeds.
The stones are made from twelve inches upwards in diameter. The twelve-inch
stones being five inches thick. The twelve-inch stones may be run at a speed of
from three to five or eight hundred revolutions per minute, according to the work 3
they are on. When both stones are running at differential speeds, the proportion
may be as three to two, or three to one. The faces of the stones are provided
with furrows see b, Figuro 6 which run from the eye to the outside of the
stone.
Having now described the nature, object, and purposes of my Invention, and 4
shown how the same may be practically carried out, what I claim as my Invention
and secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid is,-
Firstly The use and application of vertical stones fixed rigidly, and not on centres
or gimbals (as is at present done)' for grinding, granulating, crushing, or otherwise
reducing middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other grains or 4
seeds, as herein-before described, and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any
modification thereof.
Secondly. In a mill for treating, granulating, grinding, crushing, or otherwise
reducing middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other offals of
wheat, rice, or other grains or seeds, the use of two vertical stones, such as A, B, 5
Figure 1, the stone A boing rigidly fixed, and the stone B being mounted on and
driven by a shaft, such as C, which is capable of longitudinal adjustment, the whole
arranged as herein-before described, and shown at Figures 1 to 5 of the Drawings
hereto annexed, or any modification thereof.
Thirdly. In a mill for treating, granulating, grinding, crushing, or otherwise re- 5
ducing middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other grains or
seeds, the use of two vertical stones, such as A and B, Figure 10, running in

page_text: opposite directions, the stone A being rigidly fixed on and driven by the hollow
gudgeon R, and the stone B being rigidly fixed on and driven by the shaft C, which
is capable of longitudinal adjustment, the whole arranged as herein-before described,
and shown at Figure 10 of the Drawings hereto annexed, or any modification
thereof.
Fourthly. In a mill for treating, granulating, grinding, crushing, or otherwise re-
ducing middlings, pollards, brans, or other offals of wheat, rice, or other grains or
seeds, the use of two vertical stones, such as A and B, Figure 10, running in the
same direction, but at differential speeds, the stone A. being rigidly fixed on and
driven by the hollow gudgeon R, and the stone B being rigidly fixed on and driven
by the shaft C, which is capable of longitudinal adjustment, the whole arranged as
herein-before described, and shown at Figure 10 of the Drawings hereto annexed, or
any modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Davies, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
EDWARD (L.S.) DAVIES.