Improvements in Marine Boiler or other Furnaces or Apparatus for Effecting Combustion of Fuel by the Injection of Liquid Fuel with Air under Pressure.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Marine Boiler or other Furnaces or Apparatus for
Effecting Combustion of Fuel by the Injection of Liquid Fuel
with Air under Pressure.
I, JOHN REED FOTHERGILL, of No. 1, Bathgate Terrace, West Hartlepool, in the
County of Durham, Superintending Marine Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
In the specification of a former Patent granted to me the 4th May 1886 No. 6051
for an invention having reference to marine boiler and other furnaces or apparatus
for effecting combustion of fuel with air under pressure, are described means for
supplying and admitting air to the fuel in the furnace proper as also to the gases
evolved from that fuel in such a manner as to ensure more complete combustion.
Now my present invention bas reference to the use in furnaces or apparatus constructed
in accordance with the said invention and which may be of various constructions
either single or double ended of certain additional features or arrangements the nature
of which I proceed to describe.
For the purpose of raising the temperature of the gases after they pass the firo-
bridge in a boiler of the kind referred to, and such for example as illustrated in and
described with reference to Figs. 3. and 4, or to Fig. 5. of the drawings annexed to
my said former specification, I according to my present invention provide appliances
for injecting liquid petroleum or other hydro-carbon oils or liquids in the form of
small streams, spray or vapour by means of the air supplied under pressure to the
combustion chamber by the pipe marked 20. or a series or additional number of such
pipes entering the combustion chamber in manner shown in the drawings annexed to
my said former Specification.
The liquid fuel so carried into the combustion chamber by the momentum of the
inrushing air supplied under pressure will produce intense beat by its combustion
and meeting the furnace gases after they have passed the fire-bridge will raise their
temperature so that the excess of air supplied with the oils will more readily unite
with the gases thereby causing more perfect and complete combustion. Instead of or
in addition to being introduced as just described the liquid fuel may be led by a pipe
or pipes to the plate 28, immediately under the fire-bridge (see Figs. 3 and 5, of the
drawings annexed to my said former specification) and by the pressure of the air in
the ash-pit 7. be injected or carried by the momentum of the inrushing air into the
combustion chamber, with the object already mentioned.
Liquid fuel to be used for the purpose specified may be stored in suitable tanks
placed on the top of the boiler and thus heated. A safety valve or valves should be
provided in convenient position or positions on these tanks with escape pipe leading
to the main waste steam pipe or other convenient and safe place so that should there
be any undue pressure in the tank or tanks from the heat and vaporisation of the
contained liquid fuel the same might freely escape without danger from firing and
explosion.
Provision may be made for forcing air under pressure through the pipes and tanks
when not changed in order to purify them.
The heat of the waste gases escaping by the funnel may be used for vaporising the
liquid fuel and thus it may be supplied in the state of vapour under its own pressure
and with the air under pressure to the combustion chamber for combustion as before
described.
A pipe or pipes leading from the tank or tanks and having suitable nozzles and
|regulating valves or cocks would carry the liquid or vaporised fuel to the tubes or

page_text: pipes 20 Figs. 3. 4. and 5. or to the plates 28. Figs. 3 and 5 (see the drawings above
referred to) in which there would be suitable holes for its passage to the combustion
chamber.
Dated this 21st day of March. 1880
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for, the, Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Marine Boiler or other Furnaces or Apparatus for
Effecting Combustion of Fuel by the Injection of Liquid Fuel
with Air under Pressure.
1. JOHN REED FOTHERGILL, of No. 1, Bathgate Terrace, West Hartlepool, in the
County of Durham, Superintending Marine Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me dated 4th May 1886
No. 6051 for an invention having reference to Marine boiler and other furnaces or
apparatus for effecting combustion of fuel with air under pressure, are described means
for supplying and admitting air to the fuel in the furnace proper as also to the gases
evolved from that fuel in such a manner as to ensure more complete combustion. Now
my present invention has reference to the use in furnaces or apparatus constructed in
accordance with the said invention and which may be of various constructions, either
single or double ended, of certain additional features or arrangements the nature of
which I will proceed to describe.
For the purpose of raising the temperature of the gases after they pass the fire-
bridge in a boiler of the kind referred to and such for example as illustrated in and
described with reference to Figs. 3 and 4, or to Fig. 5 of the drawings annexed to
my said former specification; I according to my present invention provide appliances
for injecting liquid petroleum or other hydrocarbon oils or liquids in the form of
small streams, spray or vapour by means of the air supplied under pressure to the
combustion chamber by the pipe marked 20 or by a series or additional number of
such pipes entering the combustion chamber in the manner shewn in the drawings
annexed to my said former specification.
The liquid fuel so carried into the combustion chamber by the momentum of the
inrushing air supplied under pressure, will produce intense heat by its combustion and
meeting the furnace gases after they have passed the fire-bridge will raise their
temperature, so that the excess of air supplied with the oils will more readily unite
with the gases thereby causing more perfect and complete combustion. Instead of or
in addition to being introduced as just described the liquid fuel may be led by a pipe
or pipes to the plate 28, immediately under the fire-bridge (see Figs. 3 and 5 of the
drawings annexed to my said former specification) and by the pressure of the air in
the ash-pit 7, be injected or carried by the momentum of the inrushing air into the
combustion chamber, with the object already mentioned.
Liquid fuel to be used for the purpose specified may be stored in suitable tanks
placed on the top of the boiler and thus heated. A safety valve or valves should be
provided in a convenient position or positions on these tanks with escape pipe leading
to the main waste steam pipe or other convenient and safe place so that should there
be any undue pressure in the tank or tanks from the heat and vaporization of
the contained liquid fuel the same might freely escape without danger from firing and
explosion.
Provision may be made for forcing air under pressure through the pipes and, tanks
when not charged, in order to purify them.
The heat of the waste gases escaping by the funnel may be used for vaporising the
liquid fuel and thus it may be supplied in a state of vapour under its own pressure

page_text: and with the air under pressure, to the combustion chamber for combustion as before
described.
A pipe, or pipes leading from the tank or tanks and having suitable nozzles and
regulating valves or cocks is or are provided to carry the liquid or vaporised fuel to
the tubes or pipes 20, Figs. 3, 4, and 5, or to the plates 28, Figs. and 5 (see tho
drawings above referred to) in which there must be suitable holes for its passage to
the combustion chamber.
In the accompanying sheets of illustrative drawings I have shewn my invention
applied to a marine boiler similar to one of those shown in the drawings annexed to
my said former specification; also the same reference numerals are used in the
present case where required to indicate like or similar parts to those shown in the
drawings of my former specification.
Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively a longitudinal vertical section and an end elevation
of a marine boiler with apparatus according to my present invention applied to it.
Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views to Figs. 1 and 2 illustrating a modified arrangement
of the vessel A and means for heating the oil or liquid supplied therefrom to the
combustion chamber.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section illustrating a further modification.
Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are detail views drawn to a larger scale.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section illustrating an arrangement for admitting oil, liquid
or vapour under the fire-bridge.
The same reference letters and numerals are used to denote the same or like parts
where they occur in the different views.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2-A is the receptacle in which the liquid petroleum or
other hydro-carbon oil or liquid to be evaporated is placed; this receptacle is to be
made of sufficient strength to withstand the desired pressure. B is a coiled metallic
pipe inside the receptacle A; through this pipe steam from the boiler, regulated by a
valve D passes and evaporates the oil or liquid placed in the receptacle A. The water
of condensation from the steam passing through the coil is returned by its own
gravity to the bottom of the boiler through a valve C. F is a safety valve at the
bottom of an internal pipe H the upper end of which extends into the vapour space of
the receptable A; any vapour passing by this valve is conveyed by a pipe E' to a
tank I, containing water thus the vapour can be condensed so as to obviate accident
which might possibly occur if vapor were allowed to escape into the atmosphero
because the vapour is inflammable, and might produce an explosive mixture with air
if allowed to accumulate. J is a pipe leading to a small pump worked off the engine,
through levers, or some other convenient connection so that a steady and constant
supply of oil or liquid is conveyed to the receptacle A which it is desirable to maintain
about two thirds full. A gauge glass Y serves to indicate the height of oil or liquid
in the receptacle A.
The vapour generated in receptacle A passes the valve E and is conveyed by a
pipe E to a separator K. (Fig. 2) wherein any oil or liquid passing over with the
vapour may be retained and drawn off as it accumulates as denoted by the gauge
glass P. The vapour then passes by the pipe L, which terminates in a test cock O,
to the branch pipes M each of which passes through an air pipe 20 terminating with a
nozzle R in the perforated chamber 21, where the vapour in each case issuing from
the nozzle R mixes with the air under pressure from the casing 19, to which it is
supplied as described in my said former specification No. 605188, and thus enters the
combustion chamber 23 where it ignites producing intense heat by its combustion, so
that the excess of air, supplied with the vapor will more readily unite with the
gases as they pass from the furnace and thereby cause more perfect and complete
combustion. S is a deflector placed at the inner end of the furnace and by means of
which the gases are brought into a better position to complete their combustion by
the admission of the air and vapour to the combustion chamber as hereinbefore
described. T (Fig. 2) is a pressure gauge to denote the pressure of vapour. N N are
regulating cocks or valves on the branch pipes M.

page_text: In the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 the oil or liquid descends by gravity
from the receptacle A to the heating coil V which may be placed as shewn at the back
of or may encircle the top of the "uptake" or root of the funnel, in which position
the heat of the waste gases ascending the funnel will be utilized to evaporate the
oil or liquid passing through the coil. The vapour thus generated passes on as
herein before described through the pipes I and M and so on to the combustion
chamber 23.
In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 5 the receptacle A is placed on the top of
the boiler. The oil or liquid passes to the coil V arranged as in Figs. 3 and 4 where
it is evaporated, the vapor returning into the upper part of the receptacle A.
W is a
baffle plate so arranged within the receptacle A that should any liquid be carried over
with the vapour, it will be thrown down and only vapour will pass by the pipes E¹ L
and M to the several combustion chambers in the manner already described.
Figs. 6 and 7 show in front elevation and end elevation respectively the chamber 21
with perforations 22, and the means used for securing the said chamber in position at
the back of the combustion chamber.
Fig. 8 shows in section the relative arrangement of the chamber 21, pipe 20 air
way 19 nozzle R and the lower end of the pipe M for one of the combustion
chambers.
Fig. 9 shows in sectional plan, part of the nozzle R with flared mouth. The
construction and arrangement of these several parts will be readily understood without
further description.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 a pipe (or pipes) X extending into each
ashpit is connected to a receptacle such as A (not shewn) in a manner similar to that
in which the pipes M are connected in the previously described arrangements and
the combustible vapor is conveyed through such pipe (or pipes) X to a perforated
chamber placed under the fire-bridge U and thence through the perforations in this
chamber to the combustion chamber 23. The plate 28 through which the pipe X
passes may in addition to, or instead of the pipe 20 through the boiler back, be per-
forated to allow a proportional quantity of air to pass from the corresponding ash-
pit 7 to the combustion chamber 23 and so effect the complete combustion of the gases
passing the fire-bridge as before.
Although the accompanying drawings illustrate the general arrangement as applied
to marine boilers, it is evident that my invention can be applied to other types of
boilers and that the details generally and in particular the means used to utilize the
heat of the waste funnel gases to evaporate the oil or liquid can be varied to suit the
circumstances and requirements of particular applications.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I am aware
it has been proposed to inject liquid fuel into boiler furnaces and 1 therefore do not
claim broadly the use of liquid fuel in such furnaces but I do claim :-
:-
1. A boiler furnace constructed with a fire grate or grates for burning coal or other
similar fuel and with a combustion chamber provided with apparatus for introducing
into it liquid fuel in the form of small streams spray or vapour with air under
pressure the arrangement being such that the gases emanating from the burning fuel
on the grate or grates will be met in the combustion chamber by the liquid fuel
and air for the purpose of effecting more perfect combustion as set forth.
2. In a boiler furnace such as referred to in the preceding claim the arrangement
substantially as described and illustrated of the apparatus for supplying to the combus-
tion chamber fuel in a liquid or vaporized state through the pipe 20 in conjunction with
air supplied under pressure in the manner described in the specification of my Patent
No. 6051 of 1886.
3. The arrangement substantially as described whereby liquid or vaporized fuel is
admitted under the fire bridge into a combustion chamber having a separate air
only

page_text: 4. The several combinations and arrangements of parts respectively described and
illustrated for evaporating the liquid fuel either by means of steam or by the waste
heat of the funnel gases.
5. The combination and general arrangement of parts herein described with
reference respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2; in Figs. 3 and 4; in Fig. 5;
and in Fig. 10 of the drawings annexed.
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11-
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D
1000
W. Lloyd Wise,
J. R. FOTHERGILL.
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.