matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Bossert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1874.-A communication from abroad by Paul Holder,
of Stuttgart, Germany, and Albert Stolz, of the same Place.
I, ALBERT BOSSERT, of the Firm of Bossert and Scholl, of Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHEARING SHEEP
AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for shearing
sheep or other animals. For this purpose a polished steel comb plate is
mounted upon one of a pair of shear arms, the comb plate being
furnished with twelve or other suitable number of conically cut teeth,
about three-quarters of an inch long, fixed upon the shear arm by
screws or otherwise. Upon the other shear arm a highly sharpened
steel two-edged knife blade of lancet form is mounted, and receives its
pressure and movement upon the comb by the bill or point of a super-
posed spring, whose action is regulated by a finger screw either from
above or from below. The shear arms may be made of malleable cast

page_text: iron, and the correct movement of one arm upon the other is secured by
means of a bridge piece or strap which rests on two collars fixed to the
arm which carries the comb, or by a groove formed in the shear arm.
The manner of using these improved shears is analogous to those now
in use, and one of the principal advantages of this improved arrange-
ment of apparatus consists in the impossibility of wounding the animal
in any way, also in the saving of time, wool, and skin.
The highly polished comb is pushed with facility under the closest
fleece, and the knife blade moving very closely over the teeth to and fro
shears the fleece closer to the skin, and much more even than the best
shearer can possibly do with the ordinary shears.
The action of the comb on the skin creates a soothing sensation to tho
animal, and keeps it very quiet.
The knife blade sharpens itself by its continual motion over the comb,
and will if not roughly used serve a whole day without being replaced
or sharpened, which however causes only a few minutes delay.
The least practiced hand may work the shears, and will after very
chant nucation anwitze at perfection in shearing
AN IMPROVED Oil Colour.”
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Wirth, of the Firm of. Wirth and Com-
-
pany, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of
Germany, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED Oil Colour.”—A com-
munication from Charles Gruenzweig, residing at Esslingen, in the
Empire of Germany.
Sealed the 25th March 1875, and dated the 28th September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th September 1874.
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
5 Agency, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN IMPROVED OIL
COLOUR," a communication from Charles Gruenzweig, a person resident
at Esslingen, in the Empire of Germany, to be as follows:
-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frank Wirth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th March 1875.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANK
WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of
Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frank Wirth, Her special licence that I,
the said Frank Wirth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Frank Wirth, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,

page_text: gypsum or ume.
To dilute the colour good varnish must be employed, as no other oil
or fat may be used.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said Inven-
tion, I claim the improved oil colour or paint, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hercunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said Inven-
tion, I claim the improved oil colour or paint, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING JIB CRANES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Clayton and Joseph
Shuttleworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th April 1874.
We, NATHANIEL CLAYTON and JOSEPH SHUTTLEWORTH, both of
Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING JIB CRANES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to travelling jib cranes actuated by overhead or
underground shafting, and consists,-
Firstly. In constructing the swinging jib in a lattice girder form, and
in the adoption of a similarly constructed upright back frame or
standard attached at its lower end to the travelling carriage of the
crane, and bending over and carrying at its upper end the crane head for
receiving and guiding the upper end of the upright post forming the
back portion of the swinging jib.
Secondly. In making the crane head for receiving and guiding the
upper end of the upright post forming the back part of the swinging jib
separately and independently from or adjustable on the upper portion of

page_text: the back frame or standard carrying the crane head, so as to allow for
any difference of level between the rails on which the crane runs and
the guides at the top.
Thirdly. In the application and use of friction rollers revolving in
contact with each side of the square driving shaft, and mounted in
bearings formed on a suitable frame cast in one piece with the bevelled
driving wheel sliding on the said shaft for the purpose of relieving the
latter of any undue strain consequent upon the travelling motion of the
crane.
Fourthly. In carrying each of the swinging bearings of the driving
shaft at the outer end of one of three arms or levers connected together
and swinging on a common axis carried between the two cheeks of a
hanger bracket fixed to the overhead guide bars of the crane head, the
other two arms carrying weights at their ends so arranged that one of
them coming in contact with and mounting the inclined portions of a
horizontal projecting bar inclined at each end towards the side of the
upper portion of the back frame or standard to which it is attached
depresses the said lever and causes the swinging bearing to be upset or
moved away from the driving shaft. in order to allow the driving gear
and other appendages to pass the said bearing; which having done the
latter is brought back to its original position by the superior gravity of
the other weighted arm.
Fifthly. In the application and use of a lever working over moveable
cone clutches and acted upon by springs so as to tighten or release the
friction clutches or brakes for throwing into gear, stopping, or reversing
the traversing motion of the crane.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING THE SAME, AND FOR WASHING THE SAID BOTTLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hines at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1874.
I, CHARLES HINES, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR
FILLING THE SAME, AND FOR WASHING THE SAID BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to bottles for holding aerated waters,
and to stoppers for same, of that class wherein the stopper is inside
the bottle, and held in position by the gaseous force of the liquid;
and, secondly, to means for filling and cleaning bottles for holding such
liquids.
I form the body of the bottle smaller in the middle and enlarged at
the top (below the neck) and at the bottom, this curved form being
safer and more convenient to hold. Across the inside of the neck or
mouth of the bottle I fix a metal piece or bridge with a circular hole
therein, through which hole works a rod upon which are two metal
discs, between which discs is an india-rubber washer. When pressure

page_text: is applied to the rod it slides down the circular hole in the bridge and
into the bottle, and allows the fluid to pass through apertures on each
side of the bridge.
For bottles already in use a flange is cemented to the interior of the
neck of the bottle.
The arrangement for filling the bottles consists in the use of a vertical
pump with a hollow piston for containing the liquid or syrup to be
taken from the reservoir by a valve situated in the top, and connected
with the machine by a pipe and thence supplied to the bottles.
For washing bottles I employ a trough containing two pipes fitted
with a series of nozzles for throwing jets of water into the bottles,
thereby cleansing the same. The pipes are fitted with a reversible tap
for throwing the water into either pipe, as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Baillie Hamilton, of University College,
Oxford, Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS."
Sealed the 2nd April 1874, and dated the 9th January 1874.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Baillie Hamilton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 9th January 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BAILLIE HAMILTON, Esquire, University College, Oxford, send greeting.
:
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," and have petitioned Her

page_text: Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that I am the true and first Inventor of the above improve-
ments.

page_text: I claim the connection of a reed and string, wire, rod, band, or coil
worked by suction as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Ninth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
JAMES BAILLIE HAMILTON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN DEVICES FOR CARRYING METALLIC CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1874.-A communication from abroad by Joseph H.
Black, of Columbia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEVICES FOR CARRYING
METALLIC CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," a communication,
to be as follows :-
-
The object of this Invention is to divide or distribute the weight of
thirty or forty charged metallic cartridge cases over a large surface
without inconvenience, so that they may be accessible, and to prevent the
galling or chafing upon the hips which occurs when metallic cartridges
are carried in a belt around the waist by sportsmen who use the modern
improved breech-loading fowling picces or double-barreled shot guns
having a centre fire, or pin fire, snap action or the like, or rifles for
killing deer or for army use, to which the primed charged metallic cases
or shells are adapted, and carried in a belt or box hung around the
body.

page_text: The novelty of this Invention consists in the application of as many
series of fluted cells or pockets on each side of the breast of an ordinary
plain or straight breasted vest or waistcoat as the size of the same will
allow, say, three series on each side with six pockets in each series,
holding thirty-six cartridges or shells charged preparatory to going into
the field. This garment is made of stout materials with a stout strip,.
say, two inches wide, fluted across the breast by stitching down one end,
their pressing it over the empty shell and stitching it down to the cloth
on the other side; thus gauged flutes or pockets open at each end can
be speedily made in several series across the breast of the vest. A
double or heavy ledge may be secured below the flutes or pockets which
will prevent the cases or shells from slipping through as effectually as if
closed up with the needle or a fixed bottom. Since the cases should
fit tightly into the pockets access is had also from below to push them
out if necessary. Those from which the load has been discharged can
be returned to the pocket and replaced by a full charge in the gun.
Those who enjoy the sports of the field in hunting or fowling know
the value and convenience of breech-loading fire-arms and of having all
the cartridge cases or shells charged and primed with care when at
leisure preparatory to going out. The snap action and ease with which
the cases are introduced without a moment's loss of time enable the
sportsman using such arm to bring down game while his companion is
engaged in loading his piece by the muzzle which always takes time
and care, hence this class of arms is coming into universal use. The
only objection hitherto felt was the mode of carrying the ammunition in
a belt around the waist, which objection I have endeavoured to obviate
by this Invention.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF WORKING THE POINTS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Cooper, of Clapham, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
WORKING THE POINTS OF RAILWAYS."
Sealed the 2nd April 1874, and dated the 2nd February 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd February 1874.
I, CHARLES COOPER, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF WORKING THE POINTS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows :-
:-
My improved mode of working the points of railways has for its object
to cause the engine to work the points automatically under the guidance
of the engine driver, so that if it be desired to enter a siding the engine
driver may by means of a device attached to his engine be enabled to

page_text: work (that is open and shut) the points without the assistance of any of
the attendants on the line. To this end at any convenient part of the main
line in advance of the levers and rods which work the points is placed
a treadle lever which is hinged at one end to a standard fixed to one of
the sleepers, so that when depressed this lever will have a vertical motion
on its hinge. To ensure the proper working of this lever it is provided
on its under side and near its outer end with a vertical guide pin which
works up and down in a socket fixed on one of the cross sleepers. The
extreme end of the lever rests upon a bowle or antifriction wheel con-
nected to one end of the bell crank lever which works the point rod.
The engine or tender carries a wheel or roller which is capable of being
lowered and raised by means of a hand lever, and when this wheel or
roller is lowered down it will (as the engine advances) be made to run
over the upper face of the treadle lever, and thereby depress it, so that
the points in advance will be shifted ready to shunt the train into the
siding. When this has been done and it becomes necessary to open the
main line again by shifting back the points to their original position, this
will be effected by the engine continuing to advance along the siding
until it meets a similar arrangement of point shifting apparatus, when
by depressing the treadle lever of this second apparatus the points will
be drawn back again to their normal position, and the main`line will be
open as before.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WATERPROOF PACKING MATERIAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Rourke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1874.
I, MARTIN ROURKE, of Newton Heath, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Paper and Packing Material Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED WATERPROOF PACKING MATERIAL,” to bo as follows:-
This Invention relates to waterproof sheets or covers used for packing
or other purposes, and consists in improved combinations of various
well-known materials.
In one arrangement I take paper made in the usual way and run it
over a revolving drum covered with tar, and combine with the tarred
paper a sheet or layer of cloth, and wind the combination on a roller,
from which it is passed to an ordinary india-rubber spreading machine,
used for spreading a layer of india-rubber on either or both sides of the
sheet of the combined paper and cloth, thereby forming waterproof
sheets, not only of great strength, but having the advantage of being
able to have waterproof joinings when their ends and sides or edges are
lapped and pressed together.

page_text: In another arrangement I cause that description of packing material
made by combining cloth and pulp in the paper-making machine to
pass through an india-rubber spreading machine, so that either or both
sides can be covered with a film of india-rubber; and in some cases I
cause paper made from Manilla ropes or other strong materials to pass 5
through the india-rubber spreading machine to be coated with a coat
or coats of india-rubber, and these latter arrangements also have the
advantage of being able to have waterproof joints or joinings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING AND UNSTOPPING BOTTLES, MORE PARTICULARLY WHEN SUCH BOTTLES CONTAIN ÆRATED LIQUORS FORCED IN BY MACHINERY OR GENERATED WITHIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Breffit at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1874.
I, EDGAR BREFFIT, of 83, Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPING AND UNSTOPPING BOTTLES, MORE PARTICULARLY
WHEN SUCH BOTTLES CONTAIN ÆRATED LIQUORS FORCED IN BY MACHINERY OR
GENERATED WITHIN," to be as follows:-
The configuration of the bottle mouth, whether at the time of making
the same or by addition thereto afterwards, is the shape of an inverted
trunculated cone, through which I force by compression a ball of
suitable yielding material, or a plug of ringed material and flexible
washer or cover, cither of which is held up by the pressure of gas from
within. I also employ a combination of glass and other material of
light gravity that will float the glass on water, into the lower portion of
which I insert a plug of glass, which is to keep up the tighter substance
and by the pressure of the gas from within keeps the bottle mouth
closed. To unstop or empty such bottles I employ a tube the upper
portion of which is surrounded by a flexible, conical, or annular washer,

page_text: which closes or covers the space between the outside of the tube and
the inside of the bottle mouth; this tube has lateral openings at its
lower portions, and while the ball or plug remains depressed by the
tube the liquors flows through the tube, which, on being removed before
the bottle is entirely emptied, the ball or plug returns to its position
as a stopper. If the bottle is entirely emptied the ball or plug remains
inserted inside for future use.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND PURIFYING GAS FOR ILLU- .MINATING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dobson Bowness
and James Judge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th July 1874.
WC, WILLIAM DOBSON BOWNESS, Marino Store Dealer, and James
JUDGE, Engine Fitter, both of Bishop Auckland, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND PURIFYING GAS FOR ILLU-
.MINATING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of retort
for generating gas from coal or other suitable substance, and in the
apparatus for purifying the gas after it leaves the retort, by means of
which such operations are performed in a more simple and efficient
manner than by the apparatus hitherto employed.
The retort or generator consists of a vertical cylinder of the ordinary
-construction, but-upon-the-outside-of-the-said-cylinder-a-plate-of-metal-
is placed spirally, so as to form a spiral flue running round the same.
Instead of heating the retort by a fire placed at the bottom thereof, the
fire is placed at or near the end of the retort, and the heat and waste
gases pass through the flue and around the retort to the chimney, by.

page_text: this means retaining an uniform degree of heat throughout the retort,
and thereby a greater amount of heat is obtained with a smaller
consumption of fuel than by the method hitherto adopted.
The purifier consists of a metallic tank which is partially or entirely
filled with water, and in which tank is placed a perforated tubular ring 5
connected with the retort by means of a suitable pipe, and through
which ring the gas passes into the water and from thence to a metallic
cylinder which is placed above the tank, and the interior of which
contains a number of perforated metallic plates. Lime is placed between
the said plates, and above the latter is placed another plate not per- 1
forated, but provided with an aperture in which a sponge is fitted. The
gas passes from the tank through the perforated plates and the inter-
mediato lime and through the sponge before-mentioned, and is thoreby
perfectly purified and ready for consumption.
The gas from the purifier may be conducted directly to the pipes for 1
consumption, or to a gasometer or gas holder in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1874.
I, GEORGE BROWN, of Gravesend, in the County of Kent, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of apparatus whereby
collisions on railways and the consequences resulting therefrom can be
wholly or partially prevented, and the safety of the passengers and of the
rolling stock more or less ensured.
In the lower portion of the guard's brake van at the rear end of the
train, two rollers capable of rotating on their axes are placed transversely
in suitable bearings. A chain of adequate strength and of the requisite
length as will be readily understood, is passed with one turn thereof
around the respective rollers. One end of the said chain is firmly
attached or secured to or in connection with a convenient part of the
lower portion of the van, and the other end thereof passes through an
aperture in the rear end of the same, which is provided for that purpose,

page_text: and is attached to one end of a grapnel or grapling iron of very
considerable weight and strength, which is supported on a suitable
projection attached to the van. The other end of the grapnel or grapling
iron is formed of great weight, and is provided with spikes or projections
capable of taking into and entering the ground when dragged against the
same with force. When in its normal position, that is to say, when it is
not required to be employed, the grapnel or grapling iron is held and
prevented from falling by means of a "tumbling" plate or lever, which
is retained in the requisite position by a crank lever, catch, or other
analogous contrivance, such as will be well understood, the same being
within the reach and under the control of the guard.
Upon a collision being imminent or feared, or any other necessity for
the rapid stoppage of the train arising, the engine driver should shut off
the steam, and upon the guard releasing the grapnel or grapling iron, the
same falls, and by reason of its gravity and the force with which the
spikes or projections on the end thereof are dragged against the ground,
the same enter the latter whilst the chain runs out by reason of its
moving freely in cither direction upon the rollers, and thus a retarding
power is brought to bear upon the whole of the train which is finally
stopped, whilst the concussion which necessarily takes place under
ordinary circumstances from the buffer heads coming in contact with
cach other is reduced to-a minimum..
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER FORGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Dods at the Office
of the Commissioners of latents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1874.
I, RICHARD DODS, of 10, Albert Street, Mornington Crescent, Hamp-
stead Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER
FORGES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to forges used by blacksmiths and others, and is
particularly applicable to that class known as portable forges.
By means of a short rock staff working into a crank by means of a
connecting rod, a rotary motion is given to a fly wheel which through
the intervention of a leather band drives a small pulley on the axis of a
revolving fan contained in a case. The air is discharged by the fan into
a box or chest beneath the forge hearth, and ultimately among the fuel
through an aperture in the bottom plate of the hearth. This aperture is
covered by a perforated cap or box around and over which the fuel is
placed, the said cap having a descending tube or tuyere reaching to
nearly the bottom of the air chest, so that the air is retarded in its

page_text: passage and heated thereby within the chest before its escape into the
tuyere.
A treadle is also attached to the frame supporting the hearth and is
connected to the crank pin by a rod, so that the fan may be worked
either by hand or foot as may be convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES USED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Newton and Charles
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd February 1874.
We, SAMUEL NEWTON, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Forge
and Mill Manager, and CHARLES NEWTON, of West Bromwich, in the
County of Stafford, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
:-
Our Invention has reference to the beds or bed plates of the said
furnaces, which said plates in puddling furnaces of the ordinary con-
struction are rapidly injured or destroyed by the heat to which they are
exposed.
The object of our Invention is to prevent the injury and destruction
of the said plates by constructing them and the parts in connection
therewith in the manner herein-after described, whereby they can be
kept cool and defended against the injurious action of the heat of the
furnace. We make the plates constituting the bed of the puddling

page_text: furnace by the casting process as usual, and we make the said plates of
the same size and construction generally as the ordinary plates; but in
the process of casting the said plates we place in the mould in which a
plate is to be cast a wrought-iron pipe having a figure nearly resembling
the letter U, that is a pipe of about double the length of the plate and
bent at its middle, the said pipe being so placed in the mould that its
two limbs or branches are respectively parallel to and at a short distance
from the longer sides of the plate. The casting being effected the pipe
described is embedded in the plate. The plates are provided with the
usual flanges whereby they engage with one another at their longer
sides. The ends of the U shaped pipes embedded in the plates are con-
nected together by small U shaped junction pieces joined by union joints
or other couplings. These are most conveniently fixed to the ends of the
plates perpendicular to the surfaces of the plates, but this position is not
essential.
Instead of embedding wrought-iron pipes in the cast-iron plates as
described, pipes or pipe-like cavities of the same figure may be made in
the plates by the casting process, the said pipe-like cavities being made
by the process of coring as is well understood. The pipe-like cavities
when cast in the plates are connected in the manner described with
respect to plates having wrought-iron pipes. By constructing and con-
necting the plates in the manner described there is formed in the bed of
the puddling furnace a continuous channel of a zig-zag figure through
which a current of water is passed, which current of water by its cooling
effect keeps the bed of the furnace at so low a temperature that it suffers
little injury from the heat of the furnace.
Although the arrangement described of pipes or pipe-like passages in
the plates is that which we believe to be on the whole most convenient,
yct the pipes or pipe-like passages may take other directions in the
plates with like effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALLOONS, AND IN THE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INFLATING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Watt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1874.
I, ALEXANDER WATT, of No. 1, Ashen Villas, Merton Road,
Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BALLOONS, AND IN THE
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INFLATING THE SAME," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in imparting greater safety to balloons
by dividing the interior of the balloon into separate air-tight chambers,
so that in the event of injury to one part, and consequent escape of gas
therefrom, the remainder or uninjured portion will keep the balloon
afloat. These air-tight chambers are made in the form of a segment of
a circle or so-called quarter of an orange, and are attached together at
the centre, the outer edges being also attached together so as to form
separate and distinct chambers. This improvement is applicable to
balloons at present in use..
To carry out the second part of my Invention I provide for the
inflation of balloons under conditions when ordinary gas is not attainable,

page_text: as, for instance, when they are used for military purposes in time of
war, an apparatus so constructed as to be capable of generating hydrogen
gas by the decomposition of water.
The inflating apparatus consists of a water-tight chamber or tank
furnished with a lid attached to the chamber by cramps. A layer of 5
vulcanized india-rubber is placed at the junction of the lid and the
tank so as to render the vessel air-tight when in use; this lid has holes
at one end for receiving the connecting tubes, and another hole at the
opposite end to receive the exit pipe, or pipe which conveys the gas to
the balloon.
The hydrogen gas may be generated in large bottles, which for the
convenience of carriage may be packed in the above tank. For this
purpose I have in one part of the tank several perforated partitions, into
each of which a generating bottle may be placed when not in use.
other part of the tank may be used to carry the zinc and other 1
materials.
The
1
When the apparatus is required for use the bottles are removed from
the tank, the tank is half filled with water, and the bottles are charged
with the necessary materials for forming hydrogen. The connecting
tubes are then attached to the bottles and to the pneumatic tank, and 2
after an interval of a few moments the balloon may be connected with
the exit pipe and inflation allowed to proceed, the longer end of the con-
necting tubes being allowed to dip into the water in the tank.
By my improvements I am enabled to carry a balloon, and the means.
of inflation, in a small compass, and with great facility to any required 2
distance in any climate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manufacture OF SCENTED SOAPS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE TO PREVENT LOSS OF PERFUME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
October 1874.-A communication from abroad by Antoine Fisch,
of Brussels, Belgium, Mechanical Engineer.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manufacture OF SCENTED SOAPS,
AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE TO PREVENT LOSS OF PERFUME," to be
as follows:-
Until now it has been usual, in order to properly mix the soapy matter
with the perfume, to place the one and the other in a large stone mortar,
and there subject them to a long and tedious process of beating up with
a heavy pestle. This method offers great disadvantages, such as loss
of time and loss of perfume.
My Invention consists in effecting this mixture mechanically, and to
this end I place the substances to be acted on in an iron case,
hermetically closed by a cover after charging. In this case I mount a
horizontal shaft armed with a double row of curved cutters or blades, the

page_text: one being disposed at right angles, and the other at an angle of 45°
degrees with said shaft. By means of appropriate gearing I communicate
a rotary motion to said shaft, the blades on which by their peculiar
construction cause the soap and the perfume to become most intimately
and rapidly mixed together. When this is effected I-pull open a slide
placed at the bottom of the case, and the substance falls between a pair
of cylinders, which deliver it in the shape of a sheet of perfumed soap
into a trough established under the said cylinders, and from which
it is removed to be finally worked up in the usual manner into cakes
of soap.
In certain cases I replace the two series of blades by a couple of
endless blades, which I mount on the shaft in the shape of two
archimedian screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tinker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1874.
I, JAMES TINKER, of Muslin Hall, New Mill, near Huddersfield, in
the County of York, Woollen Designer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of shuttles, in such
manner as to avoid the frequent cutting of the weft by the shuttlo and
shuttle box, and also to prevent the loose ends of weft from being
carried into the body of the piece, and disfiguring it when change
shuttles are used. For this purpose I form the groove for the thread on
the top of the shuttle, instead of at the corner as at present.
The guide eye for the thread is placed at or about the middle of the
tapered portion of the shuttle, and the thread passes from the eye along

page_text: the groove and is held by a finger so former as to keep the thread
therein when the shuttle is picked in one direction, and allow it to escape
therefrom when picked in the other direction. By these means the weft
is presented from being cut between the side of the shuttle and shuttle
box, and so a great saving is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, and IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Crabtree, Loom Maker, William Henry
Bottomley, Warp Agent, both of Bradford, in the County of York,
and John Naylor, Manufacturer, of Bingley, in the County afore-
said, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, and
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
"
Sealed the 23rd October 1874, and dated the 24th April 1874.
ГПОУ DIONAL DEECIFICATION Telt by the Salu YY lau
William Henry Bottomley, and John Naylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th
April 1874.
5 We, WILLIAM CRABTREE, Loom Maker, WILLIAM HENRY BOTTOMLEY,
Warp Agent, both of Bradford, in the County of York, and John
NAYLOR, Manufacturer, of Bingley, in the County aforesaid, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS

page_text: FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
Our Invention relates to employing a self-acting gear for the purpose
of delivering the warps at any required pressure or tension, producing
an even fabric, preventing the warps from twisting or stretching, and
doing away with all weights, chains, ropes, and levers heretofore in usc.
For this purpose we employ cast-iron bushes fitted to the warp beam
ends; on one of the bushes iron or other metal pegs are fitted which
work in a peg wheel fitted on a stud or pin fixed in a bracket bolted
to the loom frame; this peg wheel actuates a small spur wheel giving 1
motion to double stud wheels, and actuating another small spur wheel
fixed on a small shaft; on this shaft is fitted a worm working a worm
wheel operating a screw; this screw in turning takes off the pressure put
on the warp beam by means of the scrow releasing a spring acting
on a break fitted on the cast-iron bush of the warp beam.
When the warps are wound on the warp beam the screw is screwed
down by means of a spanner or key pressing the spring on the brake,
consequently giving the required pressure or tension to the warps.
When the weaver puts his loom in motion the action of the peg or 2
pegs revolving turns the peg wheel, communicating motion through
the wheel gear to the worm and worm wheel, unscrewing the screw,
releasing slowly the spring and break, thereby taking the pressure or
tension off the warps as the weaving operation takes place. By these
means we regulate the pressure or tension on the warps, always giving 2
an even pressure, the warps requiring less tension as they leave the
beam. We fit a break on each end of the warp beam, but we have only
one break acted on by gear, the other break being only fitted with a
spring, screw, and guides.
We may use one peg fitted in the warp beam bush, or we may use a
dozen to give a proper regulation.

page_text: frame. On one end of the stud is fixed a lever; the handle of this lever
is in front of the loom, enabling the weaver to work the lever up and
down, giving a forward and backward motion to the catch, which
working in the notches of the catch wheel turns the warp beam, giving
a pull-back motion.
AN IMPROVED PIPE FOR SMOKING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eduard Wolf at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1874.
I, EDUARD WOLF, of Fore Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PIPE FOR SMOKING," to be as follows :―
The object of my Invention is the production of an improved pipe for
smoking. In this pipe there will be less readiness of fouling, and the
same pipe can serve for a longer period, and by the size and situation of
the reservoir for the juices of the tobacco the material of the bowl will
be impregnated and saturated with them, so that the odour and flavour
of the tobacco placed therein will be greatly improved when the reservoir
is used as the bowl, as herein-after described.
My improved pipe is constructed with two bowls of equal or nearly
equal size mounted on the same stem and on opposite sides of the stem,
so that while the mouth of one bowl is upward the mouth of the other
bowl is downward, and the position can be reversed so as to bring either
bowl upward, as desired, while the other bowl is downward. These

page_text: bowls or vessels are caused to communicate together by a suitable
passage. Short shanks or stalks with an air passage through them
project from the bowls one on either side. Each shank is adapted to
receive the stem of the pipe (with its mouth-piece). Thus when either
bowl is to be upward the stem and mouth-piece are fitted on the shank,
which will allow of the pipe being smoked with that bowl upward; and
when the other bowl is to be upward the stem (with its mouth-piece) is
removed from the first shank or stalk and placed on the other shank or
stalk. The shank, which is not in use, and the bowl that has its mouth
downward are kept closed by a removeable plug, cap, or stopper. The
bowl, which is uppermost, is filled with the tobacco to be smoked, and
the bowl which is undermost receives the nicotine or juices from the
tobacco.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAME SAWS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Arnold Schlesinger,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th September 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Victor Perard, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, AUGUSTUS ARNOLD SCHLESINGER, of Duncan Terrace, Islington,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAME SAWS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in frame saws consists of so con-
structing the frame and stretcher, as to render the saw capable of
being securely packed into a very small compass so as to be carried in
an ordinary coat pocket.
The special features of novelty in this Invention consist in the fact
that the whole frame may be folded up, and that this folding protects
the teeth of the saw from being injured and from injuring the person of
the carrier. The saw is rivetted, pinned, or fastened into two ordinary
upright pieces of frame. These uprights are grooved or slotted, and
these grooves or slots answer a double purpose, for they receive the pro-
jections of the two cross bars and permit of the reception of the saw.

page_text: At the end of one upright is a groove and at the end of the other a
tongue. The cross piece has a groove and a slot, the one receives and
retains the wire stretcher, and the other the teeth and part of the saw;
when folded the saw is so securely packed that it may be carried any-
where without damage.
IMPROVED METHOD OF SUPPORTING FIXED GRINDING OR BED STONES OF CEMENT AND OTHER MILLS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR ADJUSTING THE SAME TO COMPENSATE FOR THE WEAR THEREOF; ALSO IN APPLIANCES FOR FORMING A PERMANENT FITTING FOR THE STONE SPINDLE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Howe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1874.
'I, GEORGE HOWE, of Maidstone, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
METHOD OF SUPPORTING FIXED GRINDING OR BED STONES OF CEMENT AND OTHER
MILLS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR ADJUSTING THE SAME TO COMPENSATE FOR THE WEAR
THEREOF; ALSO IN APPLIANCES FOR FORMING A PERMANENT FITTING FOR THE STONE
SPINDLE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved method of supporting fixed
grinding or bed stones of cement and other mills, and in appliances
for adjusting the same to compensate for the wear thereof; also in
appliances for forming a permanent fitting for the stone spindle,
whereby the fixed or bed stone can be supported in a movable framing,
which is capable of adjustment by screw appliances to any required
degree to regulate the distance between the fixed or bed stone and the
runner to compensate for wear; also to means of forming a permanent
fitting for the stone spindles in order to dispense with the removal of

page_text: wedges and the disarrangement of the spindle now so advantageously
adopted.
According to my Invention the bed stone is fitted with a skeleton
frame, the framing having a square or corresponding aperture in the
centre for taking over a correspondingly shaped socket upon or forming
part of a table or base plate bolted to the supporting pillars or founda-
tions of the mill. The driving shaft or spindle passes through the
socket, and is packed in the usual manner by screw wedges, but capable
of being tightened up from below.
The socket forms the guide, up and down which the stone can move
under the action of adjusting screws passed through the table or base
plate to regulate the distance of the faces of the two stones, which act
in unison for grinding or reducing the material. The socket is a fixture
with the base plate as before referred to, and the spindle once set in it
enables the stone to be moved without interfering with the packing, and
preserves the spindle in a vertical position.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INK PENCIL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Letiere Petit at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the
28th November 1874.
I, JOSEPH LETIERE PETIT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED INK PENCIL," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of a writing material made as herein-after
described which can be written with as a blacklead pencil or crayon, but
which on the application with pressure of moist paper yields one or
more copies in the same manner as writing effected by ordinary copying
ink.
My said new or improved ink pencil is made as follows:-I take
either in the state of fine powder or in the form of paste any of the
colouring materials known as aniline dyes, or a mixture thereof, and I
intimately incorporate therewith finely powdered plumbago, or black or
deep coloured chalk together with gum water or solution of dextrine or
other adhesive material soluble in water. By the thorough incorporation
of these materials a paste is produced which may be moulded into sticks

page_text: or moulded into any other required form. The moulded composition
may be dried either by exposure to the air at ordinary temperatures or
by being heated in a stove.
The adhesive material described may be dispensed with and the
mixture consolidated by great pressure. The said composition when
written with produces writing having the appearance of writing written
with blacklead or with chalk. When moist paper is pressed upon the
writing a copy is produced and the original writing made more legible
as the moisture dissolves, more or less, the aniline compound contained
in the composition, and the dissolved matter dyes the vegetable fibre and
deepens the colour of the writing. Several copies of the writing may
be taken.
My new or improved ink pencil may be manufactured in a form to be
used as a crayon or chalk, or it may be enclosed in cedar as an ordinary
blacklead, or made in sticks or fine rods to be used as an everpointed
pencil, or it may be made in any other form.
By a proper selection of the aniline compound or by a combination of
two or more of the said compounds, or by the use of chalk of different
colours the ink pencil may be made to produce writing of various
colours.