mprovements in and connected with Vessels used for Containing and Transporting Liquids Under Pressure.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
mprovements in and connected with Vessels used for Containing
and Transporting Liquids Under Pressure.
We, LOUIS KARL FRANZ GUTBIER, and ERNST HEINRICH KOCH, both of
Elberfeld, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and German Empire, Architects, do hereby
leclare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
tatement :-
This invention has for its object the manufacture of earthenware vessels for
containing and transporting liquids under pressure, more particularly fermented or
erated liquids, such as beer, and other analogous liquids; earthenware being a very
suitable material for this purpose, and such vessels being preferably of cylindrical
or barrel shape.
It is well known that vessels constructed of earthenware are particularly suitable
for the reception of the liquids above specified, either during the process_of
fermentation or for subsequent transport from place to place, because they offer
great resistance to the internal pressure arising from change of temperature and
other causes, such pressure sometimes amounting to as many as ten atmospheres.
Earthenware vessels as at present formed have this defect:-that frequently they
give way at their joints when used for the reception of fermenting liquids, as for
instance where their bottoms or ends are burnt on to their bodies.
In the accompanying drawings, vessels according to this invention are represented
in the different stages of their manufacture, and the means by which the stopper or .
bung is secured are also illustrated. Vessels constructed according to this invention
obviate the defect above mentioned, and fulfil all the requirements which can
reasonably be expected of them.
In the drawings:
--
Figure 1 illustrates an earthenware vessel of the form at present usually made,
wherein the second end C is attached to the body A while in a plastic state.
Figure 2 is a vertical section through a vessel constructed according to our
invention, before the second end is put in.
Figure 3 is a plan of the second end C and Figure 3A is a section therethrough,
upon the line y. y.
Figure 4 is a vertical section through a vessel constructed according to our
invention, after the second end has been put in.
Figure 5 illustrates another form of vessel according to our invention ;
Figure 5 is an end view of the device for securing the bung.
Figure 6 is a section through the line .... Figure 5.
Figure 7 is an underside plan of the metallic cap used for securing the bung as
shewn in Figure 5; Figure 7 is a section therethrough upon the line z. z., and
Figure 7 is a section therethrough upon the line u. u., Figure 7.
Figure 8 is a section upon the line r. c. Figure 5. (The cap ƒ being shewn as a
circular one.)
Figure 9 shews a somewhat modified form of bung securing device, wherein a
circular cap is used.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate a further modified form of bung securing device,
and
Figure 12 shews a variation of the form illustrated in Figure 11.
The characteristic features of the manufacture of earthenware vessels according
to this invention consist in, first, applying the second end C of the vessel to the
body A while in a plastic state, the body A and first end B being in one piece.
The projecting lip d'is then overlapped, and the vessel then burnt. The overlapped
Price 8d.1

page_text: lip & forms a homogeneous connection between the body A of the vessel and the
second end C, of great strength, and the liability of such end to be blown out
by internal pressure is lessened. The vessels according to this invention are
preferably cylindrical or barrel shaped, but may be otherwise formed, according to
requirements.
The moulding or forming of the body and first end of the vessel may be done
either by casting, or by hand, or by machinery, and the material used may be clay,
faience, porcelain, and other suitable plastic material. The vessel formed in this
manner, with one end open, is provided with an internal ridge e, and the second
end C is laid against such ridge with suitable cement intervening. The introduction
of cement ensures a firm attachment of the second end to the ridge e.
second end C has been applied to the vessel, the projecting lip d is overlapped and
the end is thus held between the ridge e and the overlapped lip d, as will be scen
on reference to Figure 4. The apertures for filling and tapping the contents are
then cut, and the vessel is subsequently burnt and glazed.
After the
The filling and tapping apertures are formed with screw threads, as in Figure 8,
and are closed by the ordinary bung, and according to this invention there is
provided a means of securing such bungs in their places, so that whether during
fermentation or subsequent transportation, the contents of the vessels are prevented
from leaking. This is rendered necessary owing to the fact that the pressure
occasioned by the fermentation of liquids in closed receptacles, sometimes reaches
the equivalent of ten atmospheres. The fastening of the bungs of vessels of the
kind described, by wire in a similar manner to the corking of bottles, is not easily
effected, and such fastening must be otherwise performed, as will now be described
with further reference to the drawings.
Upon each side of the bung hole k there are provided, during manufacture, two
bevelled projections f. f., between which a wedge g may be driven, which prevents
the bung from being forced out, the whole being covered by a metallic cap f" which
is lapped over the outer bevelled edges of the projections f
The mode of securing the bung is as follows:-The wedge 9 is driven between
the inner bevelled edges of the two projections f.f, the bung having first been
inserted. The metallic cap f¹ which has three of its rims turned over at an angle,
is passed over the projections f. f., the turned over rims taking onto the bevelled
outer sides of such projections, the fourth or unbent rin being turned over after the
cap is in position, thus providing an effective means of securing both the wedge g
and the bung k.
Instead of a four sided cap f¹, a circular cap f¹ may be employed, as shewn in
Figures 8 and 9. The sides of the projections f. f. and the rim of the cap "are
in this instance provided with a screw thread in place of the bevelled edges and
rims respectively, shewn in Figures 5 to 7. In this case the outer edge of the
projections ff would be made concentric with the bung hole, upon which a screw
thread would be formed.
Where it is desirable that the means of securing the bung hole should not project
beyond the vessels surface, a cavity is formed about the bung hole, the sides of
which are bevelled at f, and between which the wedge 9 is driven, and is retained
in this position by means of the spring m positioned in the upper part n of the
cavity, as shewn in Figures 10, 11, and 12.
g
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim
First. A vessel for containing and transporting liquids under pressure, such for
example as fermenting or aerated liquids, constructed in the manner herein
described, and as illustrated in the drawings hereto annexed.
Second. A vessel for containing and transporting liquids under pressure, such for
example as fermenting or aerated liquids, of earthenware, wherein the body and
one end are made in one piece, by moulding, pressing, casting or otherwise, and the

page_text: second end is applied thereto while both are in a plastic state, such end resting
upon a ridge formed in such body and secured thereto by the rim or lip of the body
being overlapped thereon, and the vessel subsequently burnt; substantially as
herein described and illustrated in the drawings hereto annexed.
Third. The means for securing the bungs in vessels such as herein described,
consisting of a wedge inserted between two bevelled projections, and kept in place
by an overlapping or screw threaded cap, or by a spring; substantially as herein
described and illustrated in the drawings hereto annexed.
Dated this 9th day of February 1892.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Agents.