A NEW ECONOMICAL GUARD FOR CANDLES & WAX LIGHTS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Selim St. Clair Massia at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1858.
I, SELIM ST. CLAIR MASSIA, of No. 1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW ECONOMICAL GUARD FOR CANDLES & WAX LIGHTS,"
to be as follows:-
The advantages obtained by the present Invention are as follows:-
1st, the economising of the tallow, wax, or composite candles by preventing
them from guttering or running down, a candle burning about one-half as long.
again with the guard on as when without one, although the light given is
quite as bright.
2nd, the causing the tallow, wax, or composite candles to burn much more
clearly & steadily, thus preventing the fatigue occasioned to the eyes by their
flickering.
The guard is made generally of tin, and must be of the same circumference
as the light or candle to which it is to be adapted. The bottom part of the
guard has the form of a saucer, which must vary in size according to the
circumference of the candle for which it is to be used; the middle part of
the saucer has a hole in it, in which rises a tube or chimney through which
the wick passes; the tube & saucer are pressed out of one piece of metal; thus

page_text: far the guard for the tallow, wax, & composite candles are the same, but for
the tallow candles, the saucer is left quite plain, as will be seen on reference to
the Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12; the chimney or tube, however, has two small
holes opposite to each other at the bottom where it joins the saucer, and is
itself slightly larger at the bottom than the top, as seen in Figs. 9, 10, 11.
For wax lights, however, we make the following alteration:-The edge of the
saucer curls over, & all round the rim small holes are pierced, & two each side
of the chimney, as seen in the Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18; the holes round
the rim can be omitted as in Figs, 1, 2, 4, 6, when the composition of which
the candle is composed is more solid, or for other reasons. The chimney or
tube part for the wax or composite candles is also different to those for tallow
candles, as it must be much larger at the top (increasing gradually from the
bottom) as in Figs. 3, 4, 5, or else it must have three cuts (each terminating
in a small circular hole,) in it at equal distances as seen in the Figs. 13, 15,
16, 17; this last arrangement is to be preferred.
The mode of using the guard is extremely simple, it only being necessary
to place it on the candle, the wick passing through the tube or chimney part
when it entirely prevents the running down of the candle, a more steady
light is obtained, and although the light is equally brilliant, the candle burns
nearly twice as long.
It will be seen from the above description, that although the guards may
slightly differ in form, size, or number of holes, the principle remains .the
same; therefore the Inventor reserves to himself the right of any such
alterations, either as regards form, size, number of holes, or part in which
the holes are placed, or the material of which the guard is to be made;
what he claims is the principle above described, and it is for this he solicits a
Patent.

page_text: Fig. 14, the same seen from the bottom;
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15, the same in section;
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16, top view in perspective;
17, section in perspective;
18, bottom in perspective;
7, guard for tallow candles seen from above;
8, the same seen from beneath;
9, the same in section;
10, view from above in perspective;
11, section of the same in perspective;
12, bottom of the same in perspective.