IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF COWLS EXHAUSTERS OR VENTILATORS FOR CHIMNIES, RAILWAY VEHICLES, SHIPS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John William Holland of 47 Crossley Street Liverpool
Road in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF COWLS EXHAUSTERS OR VENTILATORS
FOR CHIMNIES, RAILWAY VEHICLES, SHIPS AND THE LIKE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Holland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1888.
JOHN WILLIAM HOLLAND of 47 Crossley Street Liverpool Road in the county
of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF COWLS
EXHAUSTERS OR VENTILATORS FOR CHIMNIES, RAILWAY VEHICLES SHIPS AND THE
LIKE
This invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
cowls, exhausters, or ventilators for chimnies railway vehicles ships and the like.
When my cowl, exhauster or ventilator is required to act only in two opposite
directions as railway cowls an annular space divided or otherwise is formed on the
outside of the flue towards its base and following the general shape of the flue or
cowl and may terminate either inside or outside at the same level as the flue, or
within its natural termination. When this flue is curved or turned over I would
attach under certain conditions a moveable hood at its mouth actuated in a
backward and forward manner by the force of the wind impinging upon a vane
fixed in connection therewith. By this arrangement the action of the cowl is
facilitated as the foul air passing through the mouth orifice or flue is not blocked
retarded or otherwise affected by opposing currents of air
The annular space around flue is for conducting the wind so as to induce a
current in the flue or shaft around which it is placed, and for the better attainment
of this and it can be made to taper or diminish its area from its base towards its
termination and at base the opening or entrance to annular space could be much
increased and formed similar to a trumpet mouth or any other shape so as to arrest
and conduct and so allow to be forced as large a body of air as possible through
this annular space.
This annular space (by preference) I would subdivide from top to bottom into

page_text: two or more spaces although it is not absolutely or essentially necessary that this
subdivision should be carried entirely up the annular space; it may only be
carried part of the way up.
When I make my improved flue without the curved top I (sometimes) arrange
it as follows The two tubes forming the flue and annular space substantially as
before described terminate at the same level as one another but in no case does
the outer tube exceed the inner one that is project higher, the ends of the two
tubes being preferably turned outwards and a cap or cone larger at its top than
the top of flue over which it is placed to prevent down draughts of either wind or
rain into flue itself is fixed over top of flue with a space all round it through
which the smoke foul air etc passes. The object being so to create a current all
round the inner tube and at the same time by directing this force away from the
space above the inner tube remove possibility of obstruction and thus create a
great inducing current. As another and additional means of increasing the power
of this flue I sometimes make upon the upper ends of the two tubes corrugations
either extending in a straight line across or nearly across annular space and
tapering from top downwards or forming an inclined plane similar to a screw
placed at regular intervals and following the general configuration of flue and
cowl both in construction and shape. In these two cases it would be necessary
that if a straight line were drawn along an angle from top of cone, its projection
should be such that it would well clear the outer projecting rim of annular space.
I may form this annular space by two or more elongated cones formed
substantially the same as when one only is used.
Another way in which I vary and carry out my improvements is by reversing
the action of the hood already referred to that is instead of swinging in a
downward position to and fro its action to and fro would be in an upright position
and similarly actuated by a vane as before described
This vane may be arranged in various ways for instance a V shape may be fixed
to top or sides of hood inside of cowl forming a slight acute angle just bearing
from a right angle or a straight vane only fixed slightly out of the centre or the
vane may be fixed on the outside of the cowl and actuate the moveable hood by
certain levers. Two walls would be fixed on sides of flue and preferably inside
of hood and of such a shape as not to interfere with the free working of hood to
act as a guide for hood and to make the flue or abstractor more efficient in its
action by preventing the space contained in or confined by hood being in any way
affected by the actuating current of wind
The whole of this hood etc would have an outer casing to which it would be
attached and with which it would work covered at sides and top but with its two
ends open and enlarging towards their mouths this outer casing would be
surmounted with a vane to direct it to the wind and would be free to revolve.
I would by preference carry out the following improvements for revolving by
forming a channel on the outer side of the flue in and on and forming part of a
bead or projection formed thereon. The revolving head containing movable hood
would have attached to its lower end that is to a neck or collar formed on the
hood two, three, four or more little wheels or rollers which would easily work
round in the channel or bead above referred to.
The wheels and bottom of channel may be formed of glass flint etc or instead
the cowl may be made to slide round and not move on wheels by forming two
smooth surfaces of glass or similarly suitable material the bead. or channel above
referred to having glass etc laid along its whole surface and the lower part of neck
or callar having glass eto formed upon it or slight projections formed upon neck
with glass fixed upon their ends or the hood may have attached to it a ring of
glass wedge shape the thinner edge being at bottom and moving or working in a
channel of glass attached to the tube or fixed part of cowl this lower ring of glass
being concave in shape or its position may be exactly reversed the wedge shaped
piece of glass being fixed at bottom and the concave piece being attached to
moveable part of cowl

page_text: My improved head and moveable hood may be made to rotate with spindle or
by any other known method it not being necessary to follow out my improved
rotary motion to adopt my other improvements. By this arrangement one of the
open ends of the cowl being directed towards the wind which in driving through
acts upon the vane this being so fixed as to set the mouth of moveable hood in
the opposite way to that from which the wind is coming the result being that the
force of the wind around this hood creates a great upward current in the flue
shaft etc to which it is connected
The vane may be fixed in other positions at top on outside, on either of the
sides or ends on outside or in same positions inside.
The form of this cowl with the vane properly placed and shaped makes it
immaterial which of its mouths or ends is turned to the wind the inner hood being
moveable at once sets the flue in right position.
I also make my improved cowl with the inner hood stationary or fixed in which
case it is necessary that the shape of the vane and outer hood should be such
that one and the same end of mouth of cowl should be always brought to the
wind.
I also make my improved cowl a fixture that is not to revolve in any way the
two ends and inner hood being all lineable one with the other In this form it is
more suitable when used as an abstractor for Railway Carriages as when fixed to a
carriage the mouths or ends of the cowl pointing towards the two ends of the
carriage whichever way the carriage would be moving so the inside hood would
change its position and accordingly fulfil its duties of abstracting.
By a slight modification and alteration of cowl a reverse action would take
place and the cowl would form an injector. By the application and attachment of
these two cowls viz the one for injecting and the other for abstracting I purpose
more efficiently to ventilate or similarly treat the compartment or carriage. I
would conveniently place in my injecting cowl certain purifying agents such as
water and coke etc which I have referred to in my previous patent N° 4370 of the
year 1880
This improved system is equally applicable to other places such as Factories,
Hospitals, Churches, private and public buildings and may have any mechanical
agency introduced either in immediate connection or partly in connection to carry
out the same object in place of wind or air.
Another form in which I carry out my improvements is by making the head fixed
that is not to revolve and with ports or openings somewhat of the shape of a
trumpet mouth the smaller end being towards its inner part. These would
preferably be four in number but there could be more or less number.
A necessary margin or space would be left between the smaller ends of the ports
and the flue itself and in and on this inner part a moveable hood either of my
special shape and construction or otherwise would be placed and free to rotate
being actuated by a vane placed on the outside in any convenient position. This
hood would have fixed in connection with it and revolving with it two walls so as
to close the ports or apertures on each of the sides in whatever position the inner
hood may be placed.
When it is proposed to ventilate several apartments, chambers, carriages cabins
or other enclosed or partially enclosed places from one shaft I connect distinct and
separate pipes from each or every one of these compartments etc or subdivisions
thereof two or three joining into one pipe having terminations in a shaft
immediately connected to my improved abstractors; the positions at which these
pipes terminate in the said shaft being determined by the distances at which the
various places to be ventilated or otherwise treated are situated one from the
other: This abstracting shaft or chamber will be blocked or sealed at the bottom
by either a metal sheet or wood or some other suitable substance and the pipes
will be brought through this plate into the shaft or chamber. It is not necessary
that the sizes of these pipes should be all the same in fact it would often be
advisable to vary them according to the conditions of the work to be performed.

page_text: The object of the arrangements described is to be able to equally ventilate or
similarly treat several compartments from one shaft and to be able to act as easily
and efficiently upon that at a distance as upon the nearer one for it is a well known
axiom and a law of nature that one force being exerted against minor forces the
least of these minor forces would be overcome first so it is with a cowl or abstractor
connected by pipes etc to compartments etc at various distances would act first upon
that nearest to it and any force to spare would act upon that next nearer to it and
80 on. The reverse of this arrangement with certain modifications can be carried
out for intakes and is specially applicable to ships.
I would also adopt my improved annular space to branches for water.
The configuration of the flues or cowls may be square, oval, oblong round or
curved both in plan and elevation the method of application of the improvement
simply being varied to meet different conditions

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John William Holland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th Decembar 1883.
JOHN WILLIAM HOLLAND of 47 Crossley Street Liverpool Road in the county
of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF COWL'S
EXHAUSTERS OR VENTILATORS FOR CHIMNIES, RAILWAY VEHICLES, SHIPS AND THE
LIKE.
This invention relates to special constructions or arrangements of cowla,
exhausters or ventilators to be attached or fixed to railway vehicles, dwelling houses
and other buildings or to ships.
The invention is clearly shown in the annexed drawings and also certain
modifications both in the arrangements and their method of action.
According to Figures 1 and 2 which show a section and an elevation of one form
of cowl of my construction. I make the flue tube A of such a depth as to pass
through say the roof B of a railway vehicle or the deck or other part of a ship or
other structure as desired so as to be fastened on the inside and ornamented with
an openworked centre piece. Above the vehicle and surrounding the flue tube A
I fit a larger or air tube C with or without division or partition plates of straight
or curved form for the whole or for a portion only of the height of same.
The upper parts of these two tubes A, C, are turned over as shown so as to
make the outlet in a downward direction. The flue tube A in the bent or turned
over part is stopped short of the outer or air tube to which at the lower part at D
a hood E is axled so that it can move in two directions only to follow the travel
of the vehicle. The hood carries a vane blade F against which the wind can act
to throw the hood over to open the passage for the exit of foul or vitiated air,
smoke or other fumes or vapours.
The shifting position of the hood E will be understood by Figure 2.
The cowl is a fixture and the hood alone moves by the action of the wind but the
cowl may be arranged to revolve and some device other than the hood can be fitted
on the depending or turned over part.
Figures 3 and 4 are views of a revolving cowl mounted on glass rollers a or
V shaped pieces 6 to reduce friction and to prevent corrosion.
The smoke stack A in this case terminates within the cowl pipe A¹
Figures 5 and 6 are views of an exhauster or ventilator with the flue tube A and
the air tube B having no turned over portion nor is a hood fitted. In this con-
struction or arrangement I cover the top ends of the tubes with an inverted
cone G whose broad part or base is of greater diameter than that of the outer or
air tube B to serve as a shield and to prevent down draughts of both wind
and rain.
Figure 7 shows in elevation a revolving cowl pipe A¹ fitted above the flue pipe A
with a shift over hood E the vane or wind plates F being on the outside so that
the hood can be properly deflected
Figures 8 and 9 show sectional views of a cowl A¹ of two trumpet mouth
openings H H a hood E being hung mid-distance therein and directly over the
flue pipe A
The wind plates F in this method are pivotted at I and have levers
or rods J connected so that the hood E is thrown over in a contrary direction to
that of the vane plates F to shut up the passage facing the wind.
Figures 10 and 11 are side and end views respectively of a modification of the
last mentioned figures the vane plate F being above the cowl A¹ binged at I, I, to
the cowl A' with a rod or lever J forked at its lower end to embrace the stud K

page_text: of the hood E for turning it over in a direction contrary to that of the wind which
acts only upon or against the vane plate F. L L are guides (to the hood) and
shutters to prevent the wind entering the hood from the two sides
Figures 12 and 13 show a revolving hood E within a casing or cowl A' The
hood is turned with its port or passage against the wind by the vane plate F and
a partial vacuum is formed by the rush of air over the hood E as indicated by the
arrow c
The base of each of the apparatus shown in the annexed drawings can be variously
adapted to suit the position and the structure to which they are capable of being
fitted and instead of their being used as exhausters they can by slight changes in
their arrangement be used as feeders of fresh air, especially the apparatus shown at
Figures 8, 9. 10. 11. 12 and 13 the vane plate or plates or their connections with
the hood or hoods being such that the passage shall open to face the wind when
the vanes are forced over or turned in the same direction as the hoods.
When fitted as feeders any deodorizing disinfecting or purifying agent can be
arranged in the throat or the down passage as found convenient.
Having now described the nature of my said invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that I claim.
First The apparatus shown at Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed drawings in which
the throw or fall over hood on the bent over leg forms the essential
feature as and for the purpose described
Secondly I claim The modifications shown at Figures 3, 4 and 7 of the annexed
drawings as revolving heads or hood portions as and for the
purpose
described
Thirdly I claim The apparatus shown at Figures 5 and 6 of the annexed drawings
constructed and arranged as and for the purpose set forth
Fourthly I claim The several arrangements of apparatus shown at Figures 8, 9,
10, 11, 12 and 13 as exhausters the hoods moving in an opposite direction
to the motion of the wind vanes as set forth for the purpose or purposes
described.
Fifthly I claim Adapting such exhausters so that they serve as feeders as
described
In witness whereof I the said John William Holland have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eleventh day of December in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three
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