IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR CUTTING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, ROCK, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES." PROAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Munro, of Arbroath, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, and William Bennet Adamson, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR CUTTING STONE,
SLATE, MARBLE, ROCK, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Munro and
William Bennet Adamson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th February 1869.
We, ARCHIBALD MUNRO, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, and WILLIAM BENNET ADAMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY EMPLOYED FOR CUTTING
STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, ROCK, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that
is to say:
The first part of this Invention, which relates to improvements in tools
to be used for cutting stone, slate, marble, rock, and other substances,

page_text: consists in the construction of conical tubular tools. These tools under
the first modification constitute a hollow truncated cone or short conical
tube. These tools are fixed in the holders of the machine for cutting
stone, slate, marble, rock, or other substance preferably by means of a
bolt which passes into or through the hollow or tubular part of the tool,
on or in the other end of which a nut, spring, or cotter is placed which
on being tightened draws the tool firmly into the recess formed in the
socket or holder to contain it. Under a second modification the tool is
made hollow for a certain length only, the after part forming a solid
shank or bar which passes into a correspondingly formed hole in the
socket or holder, and by which it is therein held. The tools constructed
under the first modification are to be formed of chilled iron, steel forged
or pressed into the requisite shape, or of chilled or forged compounds or
alloys of iron or steel. The tools constructed under the second modi
fication are to be made of chilled iron, or of chilled compounds or alloys
of iron or steel,
The second part of this Invention relates to mechanism for cutting
stone, slate, marble, rock, and other substances, and it consists in
employing one or more sheets, blades, or quadrantal plates, on one or
more edges of which tool holders or tool sockets, in which the tools,
which may be of any form or shape, are fixed. The sheets, blades, or
plates are fixed on a shaft, or bar, or axis carried between supports and
made adjustable in position, so that they may be raised, lowered, or
moved horizontally as required to cut or dress the material being
operated upon. The tools are arranged in gradation, that is to say, each
tool is set a little lower down than that which precedes it; in this
manner a deep cut may be made at one stroke or movement of the
tables, each tool however making but a slight cut individually. A
double set of tools may be employed to cut on both the forward and
backward stroke or movement of the stone, slate, marble, rock, or other
substance as it is traversed on the reciprocating table of the machine.
In place of the stone being made to reciprocate, the sheets, blades, or
plates carrying the cutting tools may be made to do so, and the table
carrying the stone, slate, marble, rock, or other substance, or the
mechanism carrying the sheets, blades, or plates, may be reciprocated
or traversed by a chain or chains, screw or screws, rack or racks, strap,
or other means employed for producing such motions. The sheets,
blades, or quadrantal plates are made adjustable on the axis or shaft ou

page_text: which they are carried, and they may be stayed by bars or rods con-
necting them to the saddles.
The third part of this Invention consists in the use of thin blades of
steel or chilled iron, or chilled, forged, or pressed compounds or alloys
of iron or steel which are fixed in the barrels for cutting or dressing
stone, set forth in the Specification and Drawings of Letters Patent
granted to Archibald Munro on or about the 1st day of May 1868,
numbered 1426.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Archibald Munro and William Bennet Adamson in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARCHIBALD
MUNRO, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, aud
WILLIAM BENNET ADAMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Archibald Munro and
William Bennet Adamson, Her special license that we, the said
Archibald Munro and William Bennet Adamson, our executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Archibald
Munro and William Bennet Adamson, our executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MACHINERY
EMPLOYED PER CUTTING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, ROCK, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Archibald Munro
and William Bennet Adamson, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and scal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: шса, ици
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent. Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Archibald Munro and William
Bennet Adamson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :-
The first part of this Invention, which relates to improvements in tools
to be used for cutting stone, slate, marble, rock, and other substances,
consists in the construction of conical tubular tools. The tools under
the first modification constitute a hollow truncated cone or short conical
tube. The tools are fixed in the holders of the machine for cutting stone
slate, marble, rock, or other substances preferably by means of a bolt
which passes into or through the hollow or tubular part of the tool,
on or in the other end of which a nut, spring, or cotter is placed, or
the bolt may be made to tightly fill the hole in the socket, in which
case the nut, spring, or cotter is dispensed with. The bolt on being
tightened draws the tool firmly into the recess formed in the socket
or holder to contain it. Under a second modification the tool is made
hollow for a certain length only, the after part forming a solid shank or
bar, which passes into a correspondingly formed hole in the socket or
holder, and by which it is held therein. The tools constructed under the
first modification are to be formed of chilled iron, steel forged or pressed
into the requisite shape, or of chilled or forged compounds or alloys of
iron or steel. The tools constructed under the second modification are to
be made of chilled iron, or of chilled compounds or alloys of iron or
steel.
The second part of this Invention relates to mechanism for cutting
stone, slate, marble, rock, and other substances, and it consists in
employing one or more sheets, blades, or plates, on one or more edges of
which tool holders or tool sockets are held, and in which the tools of any
form or shape are fixed. The sheets, blades, or plates may be fixed on a
shaft, or bar, or axis carried upon supports and made adjustable in position,
so that they may be raised, lowered, or moved horizontally as required

page_text: to cut or dress the material being operated upon. The tools are arranged
in gradation, that is to say, each tool is set a little lower down than that
which precedes it; in this manner a deep cut may be made at one stroke
or movement of the tables, each tool however making but a slight cut
individually. A double set of tools may be employed to cut on both the
forward and backward stroke or movement of the stone, slate, marble,
rock, or other substance as it is traversed on the reciprocating table of the
machine. In place however of the stone being made to reciprocate, the
sheets, blades, or plates carrying the cutting tools may be made to do so,
and the table carrying the stone, slate, marble, rock, or other substances,
or the mechanism carrying the sheets, blades, or plates, may be recipro-
cated or traversed by a chain or chains, screw or screws, rack or racks,
strap, or other means employed for producing such motions. The sheets,
blades, or plates are made adjustable on the axis or shaft on which they
are carried, and they may be stayed by bars or rods connecting them to
the saddles, or in place of fixing them to a shaft they may be carried
upon a reciprocating frame or girder moving at right angles to the tables
carrying the stone, slate, or other similar material.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, reference being had for the sake of more complete elucidation
to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is an elevation of one of the tool bolders or
sockets for being fixed into a circular saw or revolving barrel or recipro-
cating or fixed blade of a machine for cutting and dressing stone, slate,
rock, and other similar substances showing one of the short hollow
truncated tools A held therein. The recess or hole in the tool holder is
formed to correspond with the smaller end of the truncated conic tool,
and it is held in the tool holder B by the spring bolt D, the upper end
or head of which fits into the lower part or smaller end of the interior
conical hollow of the tool, and the outward pressure of the spring tails a
and against the sides of the hole in the tool holder or socket retains
the tool firmly in place, at the same time allowing of its ready removal
when required.
Figure 2 is another clevation of a similar tool holder, but in this caso
the tool A is held in place by a nut and bolt a and 6.

page_text: Figure 3 is also a similar elevation of a tool holder, but in this case
the tool A instead of being held in place as in the two former modifi-
cations is in this instance shown retained by a bolt and cotter a and b.
It is preferred to fix the tools in place by the spring bolt, as shown at
Figure 1, or by a plain bolt fitting tightly into the hole in the socket or
holder, as herein-before mentioned.
Figure 4 is an elevation of a portion of a circular saw blade A, in
which are carried several tool holders or sockets B. A portion of the
holders numbered 1, 2, and 3 respectively are shown in section, as well
as the tools a held therein.
Figure 5 is a transverse section of a portion of a saw blade on the
line 1-2, Figure 4, showing the face of the tool a, as well as the
holder B, in front elevation.
At Figure 6 is shown in elevation a portion of a barrel A for dressing
stone, slate, marble, and other substances, and which barrel is fixed on
the rotating shaft of a stone-dressing machine, such shaft being capable
of being raised or lowered as required; and the shaft may be situated
horizontally, vertically, or at any other angle, so that as it is revolved
the several tools a carried in the holders B act upon and cut or dress the
stone carried on the tables of the machine.
Figure 7 is an end elevation of the dressing barrel and the tools
corresponding to Figure 6. The holders B in this case are shown duplex,
that is to say, each holder contains two tools, but holders for one or any
other number of tools may be adopted. In lieu of using truncated
conical tools of circular section truncated conical tools of elliptical or
oval section, such as are shown at Figures 8 and 9, may be used; or
tools square in seetion, as shown at Figures 10 and 11.
At Figure 12 is shown in elevation a tool with a shank or stem formed
on it by which it is held in the tool holders or sockets of stone dressing
or cutting machinery, this tool being made either of chilled iron or
chilled compounds, or alloys of iron or steel.
On Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 a
plan, and Figure 3 an end elevation of a machine for cutting or dividing
blocks of stone constructed in accordance with one modification of our
said Invention. In these Figures the frames A are carried on and firmly
secured to the base or sole B. The stone to be cut, divided, or sawn is
marked C, and it is carried upon the moveable tables D, these being

page_text: supported on guide rails or rollers E. In order to enable the tools a
which are carried in the holders 6 to act upon the stone C, the holders b
are carried in thin plates or quadrants F, these being again carried on
the shaft or axis G. The plates ог quadrants F are adjustable in position
on the axis G, so that they may be placed at any required distance apart.
The axis G is carried at either end by being supported in vertically
sliding saddle blocks H, these being again carried in horizontally sliding
saddles I which are held between the pairs of guide bars J. Between
cach pair of guide bars J and parallel therewith the rotating screw
shaft K is situated, this passing through a nut or screwed hole formed in
each slide block I, the arrangement being such that when the screws K
are revolved they cause the travel of the slide blocks and the tool a held
in them backwards and forwards between the guide bars J, which has
the effect of enabling the tools a to act upon, that is, to saw, cut, or
divide the blocks of stone carried on the tables D. In order to ensure
the exactly corresponding movements of the screws K, and to ensure the
parallelism of the axis G together with the slide blocks I and H, the
screws K are at the driving ends provided with exactly similar bevil
wheels L, these gearing into pinions M carried on the shaft N. Accord-
ingly as the shaft N is rotated both the wheels L and screws K are
revolved in equal times. On the shaft N is also carried a spur driving
wheel O, this being in gear with the driving pinion P carried on the
driving shaft Q. The driving shaft Q is provided with a set of three
pullies R, R', It, the centre one R' being fixed on the shaft Q, whilst
the other two R and R2 are loose thercon. The pulley R is acted upon
by an open belt and R2 by a cross belt. Accordingly, therefore, as
either of the belts is slid on to the centre or fixed driving pulley R' in
correspondence therewith are the screws K rotated in either a right or
left hand direction, and the relative parts, together with the tools a
and b, are moved backwards and forwards as required. In order to raise
or lower the tools a up, from, or down to the stone to be cut, sawn, or
divided each block H is provided with a raising or lowering screw S,
these screws being coupled together and made to act simultaneously by
means of the bevil gearing T fixed at either end of the cross shaft U and
at the upper end of the screws S. The cross shaft U is provided with a
hand wheel V, by turning which the attendant of the machine is enabled
to regulate the depth of cut. The shaft U is also provided with ratchet
wheels W, which are acted upon by the pawls X; these entering into

page_text: the teeth of the ratchet wheels W tend to preserve their adjustment. In
order to enable the saddle block I to be moved more smoothly between
the guide bars J these bars may be provided or mounted with anti-
friction rollers Y, more particularly shown in Figure 1. In place of
arranging the shaft G which carries the parts and tools F and a as
herein last set forth, the shaft G may be so arranged as not to move
horizontally, in which case the tables which carry the stone move under
the tools, the tools, however, being capable of being raised or lowered.
On Sheet 3, Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 an end clevation,
and Figure 3 a plan of a machine to be used for sawing or dividing
blocks of stone. To effect this a number of cutting tools are fixed in
a longitudinal blade A, as shown at B, Figure 1. The block of stone
to be cut is placed upon the travelling table C supported on the rollers D.
The cutting edges of the tools may be situated in a horizontal plane,
so that cach tool will cut to the same depth, or the tools may be situated
in an inclined plane on each side of the centre of the blade A, as shown
in Figure 1. This arrangement admits of each cutting tool being fixed
to cut in a different plane from any of the others, and by having a
number of tools making each a light cut the aggregate of these forms
a deep cut during each movement of the table C in any direction. The
tools situated on the right of the centre of the blade A produce the cut
when the table C (which may be actuated by a rack and pinion, or
screws passing through nuts, or by chains or other suitable means)
moves towards the left, and those situated on the left side of the centre
line produce a cut of equal depth during the return movement of the
table. The blade A, which is shown in its lowest position as having cut
through the block of stone P, represented in red lines on Figures 1, 2,
and 3, is supported at each end by the buckles E, which are carried on
the cross heads F and tightened thercon by the pinching screws G. The
cross heads F are supported on the carriages H, which are fitted with
the wheels I running in vertical grooves attached to the face of the
standards J, as shown on Figures 1 and 3. The tools or cutters are fed
into the block of stone being cut by the screws K, which actuate the
carriages H and communicate motion thereto in a vertical direction
at the end of each movement of the table. The machine is made self-
acting, and the amount of feed is regulated by a pawl or catch (not
shown on the Drawings) which is fixed to the traversing table C and

page_text: actuates the ratchets L which communicate motion to the screws K
by means of the spur and bevil gearing, as shown at M. This method
of cutting or sawing blocks of stone may be applied to rock-cutting
machines which are at present constructed to cut with revolving discs.
This is effected by fixing the revolving shaft so as to render it stationary,
and fitting thereon a disc of the form shown in Figure 4, in which the
cutting tools a held by the holders or sockets & are situated at an incline
on each side of the centre line, so as to cut during the forward and
reverse movements of the traversing table, as herein-before described in
reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the present Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a stone-dressing or cutting machine of
different construction from those herein-before described and shewing
the manner in which the quadrant plate A, into which the cutting tools
are fixed, may be thereto applied. A is the quadrant plate inserted
into a slot prepared for receiving it upon the carrying girder or frame B,
which is so made that a quadrant plate and cutting tools may be applied
upon either side or both sides as may be required. The quadrant plate
or plates may be elevated or depressed by means of the screwed spindle C,
which when actuated by the wheel D acts upon a screwed nut attached
to or inserted into the quadrant plate. The girder or frame B rests
upon and is guided by pulleys or rollers E, E. The motive power is
applied in the present instance by belts acting upon the pulleys F;
upon the shaft of these pulleys F is keyed the pinion wheel G, which
gears into the wheel H, as represented by the dotted lines, and upon
the shaft of the wheel H a pinion I is fixed so as to gear into a rack
attached to the bottom of the carrying girder or frame. The shafts are
supported by brackets J, as shewn. K is the table, upon which is
placed the blocks of stone to be acted upon. This table is made moveable
by an arrangement of gearing communicating motion to pinions which
act upon the racks L, so that the stone may be carried forward for a
fresh cut as soon as one cutting is completed.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, we wish to observe in conclusion that
we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein-before set forth,
as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the

page_text: principles or main features of our said Invention; but what we do con-
sider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The several forms of hollow truncated tools constructed of any
of the materials herein mentioned, and the methods of fixing them into
the holders or sockets, as herein-before described and shown on Sheet 1
of the Drawings.
Second. The use of reciprocating or fixed sheets, blades, or plates
with tool holders or sockets fixed in them and arranged to cut in either
the forward or backward strokes of stone-cutting machinery, or in one
direction only, as herein-before described, or any mere modification
thereof.
Third. The attachment of a sheet, blade, or plate to the reciprocating
girder or frame of stone-dressing or cutting machines, substantially as
herein-before described and shown at Figure 5, Sheet 3, of the Drawings,
or any mere modification thereof.
Fourth. The tool shown at Figure 12, Sheet 1, of the Drawings,
formed of chilled iron or chilled compounds, or alloys of iron or
steel.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bennet Adamson, on
behalf of the said Archibald Munro and myself, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of August One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.