matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE PRO- DUCTION OF BLANKS FOR BANK NOTES, BILLS, CHECKS, TREASURY BONDS, SCRIP, STOCKS, &c. &c. TO PREVENT COUNTERFEITING, &c.
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by P. Hannay Cunningham at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
September 1856.
I, P. HANNAY CUNNINGHAM, of Pitarthie, in the County of Fife, Scotland,
at present residing in the City of Washington, in the United States of America,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PRO-
DUCTION OF BLANKS FOR BANK NOTES, BILLS, CHECKS, TREASURY BONDS, SCRIP,
STOCKS, &c. &c. TO PREVENT COUNTERFEITING, &c.," to be as follows:-
In order to produce blanks for receiving written or printed documents of
importance, I first produce a photographic or other like picture, by the action
of light, on chemically prepared glass or other suitable substance, in any of the
ways well known to photographists, in a negative form, from which positives
may be produced in any number by transferring or printing on paper prepared
for the purpose, and suitable for bank notes, &c. Upon the paper containing
or to contain this picture, so produced, is printed the form of the bill, certificate,
or note, &c. by copper-plate or other printing; the document is then ready to

page_text: be signed by the proper officials; or, the photographic safety paper (without a
printed device) may be used to form a written document.
By this method it will be found impossible to produce a forged duplicate of
the note or other document, supposing, for example, that the photographic
design represents the portraits of the entire firm by which it is issued.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TEARING RAGS, ADAPTED PARTICULARLY FOR SHODDY OR ARTIFICIAL WOOL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Israel Colbeck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1856.
I, ISRAEL COLBECK, of Batley, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TEARING RAGS, ADAPTED PARTICULARLY FOR SHODDY OR ARTIFICIAL
WOOL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in machinery for tearing to pieces woollen rags, and
at the same time separating the good shoddy from the bad.
By the old practise of tearing, the small pieces of rags or mungo constantly
get intermixed with the shoddy, thereby rendering it comparatively useless
until picked over before use; but by this machine the shoddy is separated
from the mungo at the time of its being torn, and consequently does not
require any picking over.
The nature of these improvements will be better understood by the following
explanation of the means by which they may be effected:-For example, I
take a table or framing, upon which I place a metal casing of suitable shape
(say semicircular); immediately under the top of this casing I place a drum
and roller, both working upon their axes, which pass through the sides of the
casing, this I term the outer casing; the drum and roller are now between

page_text: the outer casing and an inner casing, which inner casing I make open at the
top for the purpose of preventing its touching the drum and roller, and for
the purpose of allowing the mungo to pass into or between the two casings;
within the inner casing and working in centre bearings on the frame, I place
a wooden cylinder, covered on its periphery with iron or steel teeth, the ends
of the teeth being in close proximity to the inside of the inner casing, yet not
touching; I then make a small opening in the two casings a little above the
level of the table, in which opening I place two grooved rollers, which I call
the feeders; I now pass the woollen rags from the table between the rollers,
which carry the rags through until caught up by the teeth on the cylinder; the
rags are then carried upwards to the roller and drum, when they become torn,
and the small pieces or mungo pass over the inner casing in two directions,
one being in the direction of the motion of the cylinder, where there is an
outlet in the outer casing, the other in the opposite direction, where a door or
flap is placed in the outer casing, for the purpose of taking out the mungo;
the shoddy being still carried round between the teeth and the inner casing
until it falls off the teeth into a pipe or funnel placed for its reception. By
these means I separate the shoddy from the mungo in a more speedy and
efficient manner than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE AND BUILDING AND PAVING MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrivea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 14th August 1856.--A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE AND BUILDING AND
PAVING MATERIALS," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of an artificial stone, of a fire
brick or refractory building material, and of an asphaltic stone. These com-
positions are manufactured in the following manner:-The artificial stone is
manufactured by mixing in either a hot or cold state, and in moulds (or
otherwise) lime, ashes, or cinders from wood or other material, a pulverized
earthy oxide, or oxide derived from clay or natural stone with water and sand.
The aforesaid earthy oxide is obtained by treating clay or natural stone by
heat, and disengaging the water and gases contained therein when the oxide
of the stone or clay will be obtained, serving as a cement or flux, and chiefly
giving the desired color to the artificial product with which it is mixed. The
color of this oxide generally differs from that of the earth or stone from which

page_text: it is derived. The lime, oxide, and ashes are first mixed up and saturated
with water, and the sand then added.
The asphaltic stone is manufactured by substituting an asphaltic oxide for
the sand, and adding dried powdered peat or other fuel.
The fire brick or refractory building material is manufactured by combining
an oxide of Laluque clay or other fire-proof or refractory earth or stone with
sand.
Mosaics and artificial marbles may be produced by combining two or more
of the compositions manufactured as described, and by employing pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Simpson and Henry Spencer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 30th October 1856.
We, JAMES SIMPSON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, and HENRY SPENCER, of the same Place, Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to supplying the piston or cylinder with oil or
other such material. For this purpose we construct a channel or channels
within or around the piston rod, through which the lubricating substance
passes and issues at the lower end; these channels may be in communication
with a reservoir, and provided with cocks or valves opened and closed at
suitable periods. Also our Invention consists in covering the piston face with
felt or other such material which will absorb oil conveyed thereto by the means
above described; or it may be supplied by a separate tube moving with the
piston and passing through the cylinder cover. The felt or other such material
secured to the piston as above mentioned may also be formed in a suitable
manner, and supplied with the lubricating substance by means of a disc of felt
or other suitable material secured to the inner surface of the cylinder cover,
the oil being conveyed thereto by any ordinary means.
Another part of our Invention relates to lubricating the crank pin of steam

page_text: engines. For this purpose we adapt a reservoir to the connecting rod, an
aperture in which is in communication with the crank pin; such aperture,
however, is capable of being opened or closed by a perforated disc or other
such a paratus, which dise is turned at intervals by coming in contact with a
tappet as it revolves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wilcox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1856.
I, EDWARD WILCOX, of Harmston, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the upper part of pumps employed
for lifting water and other liquids, and immediately over the discharge outlet
pipe, a solid bucket or plunger, and in adapting a valve to the inside of said
discharge outlet. The mode heretofore practised of constructing lift pumps
has been to place the bucket within the barrel of the pump below the dis-
charge outlet, such said outlet not being provided with a valve or other
appurtenance, and in attaching valves or flaps to said bucket. And the object
and intention of this Invention is to maintain a more continuous discharge of
water or other liquid than is effected by lift pumps of the ordinary con-
struction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PEROXIDE OP MANGANESE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Elliot and William Watson
Pattinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th April 1856.
We, GEORGE ELLIOT, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and WILLIAM WATSON PATTIN-
SON, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PEROXIDE OP MANGANESE," to be
as follows:
Our Invention consists in acting on mixtures of peroxide and protoxide of
manganese by weak acids, which dissolve off the protoxide, leaving the
peroxide; and we prefer the use of muriatic acid for such purpose, because
in alkali manufactures a considerable quantity of it is produced of little or
no value, but we do not confine ourselves to the use of muriatic acid only.
In order to carry such Invention into effect, we adopt, in the first instance,
any of the known methods of precipitating a protoxide from the chloride of
manganese produced in the manufacture of bleaching powder; but we prefer,
as the most economical, the use of lime, and we convert such protoxide by any
of the known methods into a mixture of protoxide and peroxide, but we
prefer the exposure of the protoxide with agitation to the action of the atmo-
sphere; but we employ a mixture of protoxide and peroxide of manganese,
however produced, our Invention consisting ouly in the use of weak acids to
dissolve off the protoxide, leaving the peroxide of manganese.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND IN THE RUNNING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Briggs Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1856.
I, THOMAS BRIGGS SMITH, of Taunton, Massachusetts, in the United States
of America, now of 67, Gracechurch Street, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS, AND IN THE RUNNING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
It consists in combining with the track now used another track upon which
the carriages shall slide, after the manner of sleds. This combination may be
made in various ways, by forming the rail with the two tracks, or by using two
distinct sets of rails, constructed the one for the wheel track and the other
for the sliding track, whether the set consists of one or more tracks; also in
placing the carriages upon runners like sleds; also in the application of com-
positions or amalgams to form the surface of the sliding track, and the surface
of the runners in contact with the track, so that by the mediation of water, or
.other suitable lubricator, the surfaces shall be made to offer the least friction
in the passage of the carriage over the track.
AN IMPROVED PLOUGH
Year: 1856

page_text: I, JOSEPH GROLEY, Mechanic, of Paris, Town in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLOUGH," to
be as follows:-
In order that a plough may stand steadily or be kept up when at work, what-
ever may be the motive power applied to it, it is necessary that it should have
three supports. The ordinary plough has only one support. My Invention
consists of a plough in which I provide the two additional or supplementary
supports which it appears to require. These supports consist of wheels or
shoes, one of which is fixed to the beam at the side opposite to the mould board,
either behind or in front of the share. This wheel or shoe not only acts as a
support but also as a counterpoise, and when the plough is travelling on
unploughed ground produces an oscillating motion which forms a good sub-
stitute for the hand of the ploughman. The other wheel or shoe is placed in
front of the beam, and travels in and regulates the depth of the furrow. I
place a toothed regulator in front of the beam to regulate the width of the
furrow and the draught. This regulator is fixed in place by a bolt which
passes through the beam and keeps the plough to the ground.
Air, steam, or any other motive agent may be employed to drive my
improved plough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING SPIRITS OF TAR OR COAL-TAR NAPTHA
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Spill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th June
1856.
I, DANIEL SPILL, of the Firm of George Spill and Company, Stepney
Green, in the County of Middlesex, Waterproofers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING SPIRITS OF TAR
OR COAL-TAR NAPTHA," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to employing lime as a means of deodorizing or
removing the smell from spirits of tar or coal-tar naptha, (which has been
previously rectified) by causing the same, whilst in a state of vapour, to pass in
contact with the lime.
The naptha to be purified is placed in a suitable close vessel or chamber,
heated by steam passing from numerous jets in the lower part of such vessel or
chamber, or by other means. The vapour produced from the naptha is
conducted so as to pass through successive layers of lime, on shelves of wire
gauze or other reticulate work; thence the vapour passes through the worm
of a still or other condensing apparatus; and when the heating media employed
is steam, which is allowed to mix with the vapour of the naptha, the separation
of the condensed water from the condensed naptha, after purification, is effected

page_text: by allowing these condensed liquids to flow off through separate syphon tubes,
at slightly different elevations. I also sometimes, when purifying the naptha
in a state of vapour by lime, employ lime in a fluid state mixed with the naptha
in the vessel or chamber in which it is vaporized.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Beatt Sharp, of the firm of Messieurs Sharp,
Stewart, and Company, of the City of Manchester, Engineers, and Joseph
Anthony Collet, of the same Place, Mechanical Draughtsman, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Beatt Sharp and
Joseph Anthony Collet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th November 1856.
We, THOMAS BEATT SHARP, of the firm of Messieurs Sharp, Stewart,
and Company, of the City of Manchester, Engineers, and JOSEPH ANTHONY
COLLET, of the same Place, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improved mode of exhausting the waste steam
from the cylinders of locomotive steam engines, and applying the exhausted
steam, or a portion of the exhausted steam, for warming the feed water. The
waste steam exhausts in two directions, from the exhaust ports of the cylinders
upwards through the blast pipe into the chimney, in the usual manner for pro-
ducing blast, and downwards into a feed-water heating apparatus, placed below

page_text: or near the cylinders, and consisting of a chamber having tubes or other
compartments for the water which is supplied from the tender; or the down-
wards exhausted steam is conveyed through a pipe into the tender or tank.
The downwards passsages for the exhausted steam are furnished with a set of
valves, which can be opened or closed by the engine driver. When the valves
are closed the exhausted steam goes into the chimney through the blast pipo
in the usual manner; but when the valves are open a portion of the exhausted
steam descends into the chamber of the heating apparatus, or through a pipe
into the tender or tank, thereby heating the water in the tubes, compartments,
tender, or tank. The water thus heated is then pumped into the boiler in the
ordinary manner; or if the water is forced from the pumps into the heating
apparatus, it enters the boiler direct after having been thus heated.
By thus conveying the exhausted steam downwards for heating the feed
water the blast pipe is not interfered with, and the apparatus for heating
is removed from tho smoke box or chimney, in which it has hitherto been
applied. The valves for regulating the passage downwards of the exhausted
steam serve both for regulating the working of the feed-water heating apparatus
and the blast into the chimney through the blast pipe.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR COLORING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, OR OTHER CERAMIC MANUFACTURES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT OF SUCH MANUFACTURES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Illingworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1856.
I, WILLIAM ILLINGWORTHI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR COLORING CHINA, EARTHENWARE, OR OTHER CERAMIC
MANUFACTURES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, AND
ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT OF SUCH MANUFACTURES," to
be as follows:-
First, my Invention applies to the printing and coloring of pottery, and is
an extension or improvement in the use of the preparation of sacchrine
matter as a substitute for oil or other matters now in use in the preparing of
the colors for printing, for which I have already obtained Her Majesty's
Letters Patent, bearing date October 1st, 1855. My present improvement
consists in a further use or preparation of sacchrine matter in combination
with certain animal and vegetable mucilagenous substances, as albumen,
gelatine, gluten, casine, carrageen moss, linseed, mucilage, dextrine, and all
other animal and vegetable mucilaginous matters, to be employed in lieu
or in place of oil, &c., as hitherto employed in printing or coloring such or
similar inanufactures.

page_text: Secondly, my Invention, as applied to the machinery or apparatus connected
with printing pottery, consists in the application, employment, or use of
doctors," in connection with the flat plates used for printing, for the purpose
of cleaning such plates, exactly in a similar manner to their operation in
cylinder calico printing, and also, if preferred, in combination with the use of
inking or coloring rollers for furnishing the said flat plates.
Thirdly, my Invention, as applied to the subsequent treatment of pottery
after printing, consists in balancing or equalizing the power of suction or
absorption of the glaze, both in the body of the ware and those parts which
are printed upon, which would otherwise be unequal, and of course detrimental
to the perfection of the glaze. This I accomplish by dipping or immersing
the newly-printed ware into a thin mucilaginous solution, either pure or
mixed with acids.
And, lastly, my Invention applies to the "glaze" employed, the ordinary
composition of which I improve by the introduction or admixture of mucilage.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: given
preser
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Stocks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1856.
I, SAMUEL STOCKS, of Collins Green, near Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in reaping machines consist in the application of circular
cutters, similar to circular saws, & rotating on their axes in the same manner.
These cutters are disposed across the breadth of the machine & overlap each
other, so as to cut the whole breadth at one time; they are driven at a quick
speed by a strap or band in the usual manner. The crop as it is cut falls
against an inclined platform or board, through which a series of teeth or tines
are alternately projected & withdrawn; they all have a simultaneous motion
towards one side of the machine, their motion in the opposite direction
taking place during the time they are withdrawn within the limits of the
platform.
The tines or teeth are placed in rows, one set above another, each row or set
being secured to a suitable rail or bar, to which the proper motion is trans-
mitted by cranks or excentrics actuated by the moving parts of the machine.
This arrangement & action of rake teeth carries all the corn as it is cut towards
one side of the machine, where it is delivered, laying it with regularity on the
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE TOPS OF OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Félix Moreau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1856.
I, FELIX MOREAU, of No. 89, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO
THE TOPS OF OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention simply consists in protecting passengers on the top of
omnibuses and other vehicles from the rain or the inclemency of the weather,
by means of a covering in the form of a marquise tent, or of a roofing of any
description, to be partly fixed and partly moveable; or it may consist of
a simple tent covering only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jeremiah Iliffe and James
Newman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th July 1856.
We, HENRY JEREMIAH ILIFFE and JAMES NEWMAN, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of improvements in the manufacture of
brace buttons. We strike out a shell or blank perforated with one, two, or
more needle holes, and turn up the outer edge all round. We then stamp
out of sheet metal, or form in wire, a skeleton piece of the form of the figure
, or its double
or with three loops, according to the
number of needle holes we may prefer to employ in the blank. The head
of each loop is then flattened in a press (if necessary) to form a small fin, and
the skeleton piece is dropped into the blank, and secured by pressing down
the raised outer edge of the blank upon these fins, securing the skeleton centre
into the blank.
Secondly, we make covered buttons by stamping out a shell with a double-
grooved or flanged edge thus v
and either with or without a
る

page_text: bar or bars across the needle hole in the centre. A piece of linen is dropped
into this shell at (a), and clipped in the groove on that side of the shell; a
similar piece is then placed on the side (6), and is also clipped at the edge in
the groove on that side; this gives a slight rim of metal round the back of the
button, but should it be desired to cover it entirely, back and front, one piece
of linen is made sufficiently large to cover one side of the button, and pass
over the edge into the flange on the opposite side of the blank.
In making florentine buttons on this plan, the usual tuft piece for the
shank has of course to be added; but in other respects the manufacture would
be the same as in a linen-covered button, but using a different covering
material.
AN IMPROVED LEVELLING INSTRUMENT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Samain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1856.
I, PIERRE SAMAIN, of Meusnes (Loire et Cher), in the Empire of France,
Lockmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVED LEVELLING INSTRUMENT, to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improved levelling instrument, which I call a clitometer,
is intended to be used in place of the instruments ordinarily made use of by
the surveyor in the operation of levelling. It consists of a box, a front view of
which is shown by Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawing. This box consists of
two circular metallic plates, fitted to a base plate A, B, the under face of which
must be carefully adjusted; the edge may be graduated, as seen in the
Drawing. The circular plates or discs are divided, one into 360 degrees, and
the other into corresponding gradients. Between the discs is fitted a wheel,
shown separately by Fig. 2; this is made with four projecting points a, a, a¹, a',
placed at right angles to each other, or 90 degrees apart; one side of this wheel
is made heavier than the other, so that when suspended by the central projecting
points between the discs, as shown by Fig. 3, the part P will fall to the lowest
point. By this arrangement, the points a, a, will always be in a horizontal

page_text: line, and the points a', a', in a vertical line. The ends of the base are made
with sight hole and cross-wires, as shown by Fig. 4. Instead of the wheel,
Fig. 2, a double pointed hand may be fitted to the instrument, a weight or
pendulum being attached to it to keep it always in a horizontal position.
Fig. 6 is the upper part of a stand, with an adjusting screw for holding the
instrument.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ratcliffe Carrington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1856.
I, SAMUEL RATCLIFFE CARRINGTON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in manufacturing the "bodies" of hats of
layers or thicknesses of calico or other suitable material, cemented or com-
bined together by passing the fabrics through the ordinary waterproofing or
stiffening solution of shellac, varnish, &c., and afterwards submitting such
material to the operation of calendering, not hitherto done.
Secondly, in the application, employment, and use of calendering rollers
or machinery for the above-named purposes, in place of the ordinary method
of forming or ironing hat bodies by hand.
And, lastly, in the application, employment, and use of dies, stamps, or
cutters, for the purpose of cutting out, stamping, forming, or shaping the
brims of hats, instead of cutting them out by hand, as in the ordinary.
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lemuel Wellman Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1856.
I, LEMUEL WELLMAN WRIGHT, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GAS METERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gas meters, and the same
are applicable when constructing what are called dry meters, and also what
are called wet meters. For these purposes, the gas is supplied to the
measuring part of the apparatus by means of tubes of vulcanized india-rubber
or suitable material, and the gas is conveyed away from the measuring parts
of the apparatus by other like tubes. An induction and an eduction tube are
connected together by bent metal tubes, the two ends of which enter cups or
vessels containing quicksilver. The one end or other of each of the connecting
tubes of a meter is caused to dip into and be removed from the quicksilver
by the branch pipe being on an axis, which is actuated by a weighted arm,
which is raised by the measuring apparatus when rising and falling, and such
weighted arm falls over when moved beyond the vertical position. The
measuring apparatus consists either of two flexible vessels, which are expanded
and contracted by being filled and emptied, or the measuring apparatus

page_text: consists of two inverted vessels immersed in water. By this arrangement
cocks and valves are dispensed with. In place of using quicksilver as the
means of stopping and admitting the flow of gas through the induction and
eduction passages, as above explained, such passages (being made of flexible
and elastic material) may be caused to stop the flow of gas through them by
external pressure applied to them by the falling over of a weighted arm, as
above described. .
AN IMPROVED PADLOCK
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Dortet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
1856.
I, JULES DORTET, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French Empire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PADLOCK," to be as
follows:-
My improved padlock is so contrived as to prevent the bolt being acted on
by the felonious insertion of any instrument, and is represented in the accom-
panying Drawings; Figure 1 being a sectional elevation, shewing the internal
arrangements; Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, views of parts detached. Two
keys of different shapes may be used, one for closing the other for opening
the padlock. A key is inserted through one of the openings B or C, and turned
a quarter round, when it will come against a bracket-shaped projection d,
press against it, and, through the parallel pieces t, t, press on the spring
r, r, which describes a curve equal to the height of the bolt, and comes
back under the stay h, when the lock is to be opened. i is a stop, against
which the key comes on completing its revolution, whereby the pieces t
are left in position, and the bolt a kept down while acting on the key; but
when the pressure ceases to be exerted on the key, the spring r returns
to its previous position and closes the bolt. For greater security I adopt
the improved form of double bolt and staple, represented in Figures 5 and 6.

page_text: b, b', are orifices in the staple, into which the two bolts a, a¹, are inserted;
when the key is inserted into the lock it takes into a circular groove L in
the first compartment of the lock, makes a quarter turn, and then comes
against an opening, through which it is admitted into the second compartment
K (Figure 3), makes a quarter turn back, and continues its action till it comes
against the projection d and opens the bolt. The projection d only extends
half across the piece t in the direction of its thickness, so that if an instrument
were inserted feloniously into the lock it would come into the empty space at
the side of the projection, and would not injure it, as it would be secured by the
groove which closes the lock when the latter is distended, so as to form the
stop i.
g is a piece which bears against the bottom and the lock plate; p is a
circular orifice in the part of the staple which extends beyond the padlock
when the staple is closed; a leaden pin m, shewn in Figure 7, with a button n
at top, is passed into the hole, the end bent or brought round and inserted into
a recess in the button, so that if the lock were forced it would thus be detected.
The lock is well adapted for letter bags, bankers' and bill cases, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1856

page_text: given
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Holdway at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1856.
I, FREDERIC HOLDWAY, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the making of candles with hollow wicks, and
to have an opening through their entire length, so as to allow a current of air
to pass up or through the wick when burning.
The following is the method I should adopt in making them:-I should
take a rod of metal, of any shape or form, and twist or have plaited or woven
material fixed on the rod, the whole of the rod to be covered with the wick,
the rod being in the centre. I then insert the rod with the wick on it into the
mould, as wicks are inserted in the making of moulded candles, the material
that the candles are made of is run into the moulds, and when sufficiently cold
the rod is withdrawn from the centre of the wick, which will produce a candle
with a hollow wick. When dipped candles are required, I insert the rod in
the centre of the wick, and dip them in the usual way, withdrawing the rod as
before described. To burn the candles that are made on this plan, it is
necessary that the candlestick or candle lamp should have a hole or similar
arrangement in some part of it to admit air, so as to allow the air to pass up
through the hollow wick to the flame of the candle to assist combustion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING OR STITCHING MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: | (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henson and Henry
Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th December 1856.
We, WILLIAM HENSON, of Buckingham Street, Caledonian Road, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, and HENRY PALMER, of Nowman
Street, Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Architect and Surveyor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING
OR STITCHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the adoption in sewing or stitching machines of
moveable plates or beds on which the fabric to be sewn or stitched is to be
placed, such moveable plates or beds being arranged in conjunction with one
or more needles placed either horizontally or perpendicularly, or both, and
which plates or beds will be so arranged as regards the mechanism for giving
motion thereto that any simple or compound movement which may be neces
sary to produce a given set of stitches, or course of stitching or sewing, whether
straight or curved, may be obtained merely by properly setting the machine
before commencing the work or division of the work in hand; and thus
ornamental devices and plain stitching or sewing may be produced by the aid
of these improvements without any special attention to the paths of the needles
on the part of the operator, except to set the machine as aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD ON TO SPOOLS OR BOBBINS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harrison and John Oddie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 31st January 1856.
We, JOSEPH HARRISON and JOHN ODDIE, both of Blackburn, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD ON TO SPOOLS OR
BOBBINS," to be as follows:-
It consists in the general arrangement and combination of mechanism here-
after mentioned, namely, in a conical cup placed vertical, the larger end of the
cone upward, and in a pulley or warf having a boss which fits into a bearing so
as to be free to revolve, this warf or pulley being placed below the conical cup,
its axis corresponding with that of the cup. The spools or bobbins on which
the thread is to be wound is made in shape conical at one end, this cone part
corresponding to the form of the conical cup. The spool or bobbin is placed
on a spindle, which has at one end of it a piece that answers the purpose of a
weight and handle, and it has a projection from it which fits into a notch in
the head of the spool or bobbin, so that when the spindle is revolved it will
carry the bobbin or spool round with it. The spindle with the bobbin or spool
on it is passed down through the conical cup till the conic part of the spool or
bobbin rests in the cup, the end of the spindle passing down a hole in the axis
of the pulley or warf placed vertically underneath the cup, as before explained.

page_text: The hole in the warf is square, or an oblong square, and that portion of the
end of the spindle entering it is made square or flattened, so that when the
warf or pulley is revolved, it will cause the spindle to revolve, as it ascends by
the winding of the thread or yarn on the spool or bobbin. The side of the
conical cup is open, so that the yarn or thread can be traversed backwards and
forwards between the bottom and top of it, being built or wound on the spool
or bobbin in conical layers, which resting on the interior of the cup, causes the
bobbin to rise as each layer is added, carrying up the spindle with it. Any
required number of conical cups and warfs, arranged as described, are placed
on suitable rails in a frame, revolving motion being imparted to the pulleys or
warfs by bands from a drum, from which, by suitable gear, a heart wheel or
cam is worked to produce the motion for traversing the yarn or thread to lay
it evenly on the spools or bobbins. The heart wheel, or cam, imparts an oscil-
lating motion to a shaft, which answers as a parallel or squaring motion, and
to transmit the required reciprocating vertical movements to a traverse bar
(placed in suitable guides), over which bar the yarn or thread winding on to
the spools or bobbins passes in going from swifts, cops, or bobbins, as the case
may be, which may be placed in suitable holders at the front of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING LEATHER AND DRESSED SKINS
Year: 1856

page_text: Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1856.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING LEATHER AND
DRESSED SKINS," a communication from Messieurs Arthus Brothers, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, Tanners, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an artificial mode of drying varnished leather and
dressed skins, whereby the old process of drying in the sun and open air,
which is found to be very slow and tedious, is abolished, and the time employed
therein greatly reduced. According to this Invention, the leather is placed in
closed apartments or drying chambers, and is therein subjected to the action
of continued currents of air, which is previously heated by any convenient
arrangement of heating apparatus, and forced into the drying chamber by
suitable blowing mechanism. The moist or damp air is constantly drawn off
as fast as it is produced by a suitable exhausting or ventilating apparatus, so
that the moist or damp air is continually being drawn off and renewed by
fresh heated air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR PINS, SHAWL, AND OTHER DRESS PINS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CLASPS AND SIMILAR DRESS FASTENINGS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edridge at, the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1856.
I, JOHN EDRIDGE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Pin Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR PINS, SHAWL, AND OTHER DRESS PINS, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CLASPS AND
SIMILAR DRESS FASTENINGS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements in the manufacture of hair pins consist in corrugating or
otherwise bending such pins, either throughout the entire length, a portion of
the length, or at one or both points, so as to cause such pins to take a firmer
hold in the hair or head dress. A few of the most suitable forms are shewn
in the annexed Drawings, in which it will also be seen that in some cases, in
order to give the pin a greater strongth of spring than would be caused by
the simple bend of the wire, I coil the wire at the head, as at (A.) I have
also shown in the same Drawings apparatus which I propose to use for
corrugating the pin, seen at (B), consisting of two dentated cams (C, C), whose
motions are governed by suitable springs. (D) is a mandril on the end of a
sliding bar (E), and the wiro of which the pin is to be formed being laid in
front of the mandril, as at (F), and kept in position by the pegs G, G); the

page_text: forward motion of the mandril doubles the wire and drives it between the
cams (C, C); the action of this will be seen by the dotted lines. (II) shews one
of my improvements in shawl or breast pins. The pin having been inserted
through the shawl or cravat up to the head, is to be withdrawn a short
distance, when the hook (I) will enter the fabric and prevent the pin being
accidentally or surreptitiously removed. (K and L) shew other forms of the
same description of pin, varying the coil of the wire at the head and increasing
the strength of spring; (M) shews a form of clasp, made also by coiling wire,
one end of the said wire being shaped into a hook, closely pressing the back
of the coil; a loop or catch can be sprung on to this hook by the resiliency of
the coiled wire, and thus forms a secure clasp for belts or other cinctures; (N)
shews in plan and elevation another form of mandril which may be employed
for corrugating hair pins in place of that seen at (D.) For some of the better
descriptions of the pins above described I employ steel wire instead of iron
wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1856.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS," a communication from Messrs. Jackson
Brothers, Petin, Gaudet and Company, of Rive de Gier, in the Empire
of France, Iron Manufacturers, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of centrifugal force in casting
steel articles, such as railway wheels, tubes, and hollow axles, and consists in
causing the chills to rotate at a high velocity during the time the moulten
metal is running in. Articles cast according to this Invention are stronger and
lighter than when composed of the ordinary materials cast in the usual way.
In casting railway or other solid wheels, the chill, which is shaped internally
to the exact form of the wheel, is secured by bolts and nuts to one end of a
shaft, which is made to revolve at the rate of from about 500 to 1000
revolutions per minute. The moulten steel is run into a central opening
in the cover of the chill, and is instantly directed by the centrifugal force
against the inner circumference of the chill, thus rendering that part of the

page_text: wheel perfectly sound and homogeneous, and thus it is entirely free from flaws.
When the chill is full a mandrill is caused to enter the central opening, and as
the chill still continues to revolve it has the effect of smoothing or polishing
the central opening in the wheel. The mandrill is then withdrawn, and the
revolutions of the chill having been stopped, the cover is removed and
the complete cast steel wheel taken ont. This wheel may or may not, as
found desirable, be subjected to the blows of a steam hammer between suitably
shaped dies. The casting of steel tubes suitable for marine or locomotive
boilers is effected in a similar manner to the above, the chill consisting of
a tube into which the steel is run. When the metal is set, the tube is removed
by opening the chill down the centre, it being made in two parts for that
purpose, and is held together during the running in of the metal-by-metal-
ferules or rings driven on to it. The steel tube, so cast, is then removed to the
rolling mill, and is drawn out to any desired extent. If intended for a hollow
railway axle it is reduced into shape by. a steam hammer or other well-known
contrivance.
}
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY BARS AND FLANCH BEARERS OF RAILWAY CROSSINGS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Allen Ransome and George
Arthur Biddell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th April 1856.
We, JAMES ALLEN RANSOME and GEORGE ARTHUR BIDDELL, of Ipswich,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY BARS AND FLANCH BEARERS OF RAILWAY CROSSINGS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of rail-
way bars and flanch bearers of railway crossings. For these purposes railway
bars of the sections desired are to be cast, which is not new; but in place of
simply casting railway bars of uniform quality or hardness, as heretofore, the
process of casting is so conducted that the surfaces on which the wheels are to
run are to be cast harder than the other parts of the railway bars, and this is
done either by chill casting the wearing surfaces, or else by using different
qualities of cast iron and running the harder quality into the moulds to come
to the wearing surfaces of the bars, and the softer or tougher metal to form the
other parts of the railway bars. In making flanch bearers of the crossings of
railways, their wearing or upper surfaces are chill cast, or else they are formed
by running the harder metal into the moulds to come to the wearing surfaces
of the bearers, and the softer or tougher metal is run into the moulds to form
the other parts of the bearers.