IMPROVE- MENTS IN SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John M Kean, of Walmer Bridge Mills, near
Preston, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and James
Gabbott, of the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 16th April 1862, and dated the 29th January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Me Kean and James
Gabbott, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th January 1862.
We, JOHN MC KEAN, of Walmer Bridge Mills, near Preston, in the County
Palatine of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and JAMES GABBOTT, of the same Place,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SIZEING OR DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the application or employment and use of a
novel material or composition for the purpose of sizeing or dressing and
preparing warp yarns for the loom. The basis of this composition or material
is what is technically or commercially known as "China clay," or siliceous
and aluminous earth, and this clay is rendered available for use in the
treatment of warp yarns by admixture with linseed or other oil, and glue,
or glutinous matter, obtained from any convenient and practical source. The
materials may be applied in various proportions, but a judicious combination
[Price 8d1

page_text: has been arrived at by mixing six quarts of linseed or other oil with six pounds
of waste hide or other glue-producing substance, such as cuttings of old
pickers and other articles made of buffalo hide. To this is added a quantity
of alum waste, alum, "alum sludge," or other aluminous matter, for the
purpose of effectually extracting the glue or glutinous matter. This mixture
is then boiled by steam until a thorough commingling of the glue and the oil has
taken place. The resultant liquor is then drawn off, and it is added to a
mass of "China clay in the general proportions of twenty quarts to one,
hundred and fifty pounds weight of the clay. The two ingredients are then
well commingled, and the composition is then ready for application to the
yarn in the usual or any other convenient way. In place of
other clays or siliceous and aluminous matters may be used.
composition great economy is secured, not only in the first cost of the
material employed, but also in all the after processes of manufacture, whilst
the work when finished is of a class much superior to that produced from
yarns sized or dressed in the ordinary way.
China clay"
By using this
SPECIFICATION
in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John McKean and James Gabbott, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 29th July 1862.
we, JOHN
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,
MC KEAN, of Walmer Bridge Mills, near Preston, in the County Palatine of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and James Gabbott, of the same Place, Manager,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Me Kean and James Gabbott, Her special license, that we, the
said John Me Kean and James Gabbott, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John M° Kean and James Gabbott.
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend.
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZEING OR
DRESSING YARNS OR TEXTILE MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others)

page_text: that we, the said John Mc Kean and James Gabbott, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was. to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John M° Kean and James Gabbott,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Our Invention relates to the application or employment and use of a new
composition to be used for what is technically known as sizeing or dressing
and preparing warp yarns for the loom, so as to enable such warp yarns to
undergo the process of weaving. According to the ordinary and usual pro-
cedure in preparing warps for being woven, wheaten flour, sago flour, and
other farinaceous or amylaceous matters and materials are employed for
dressing the threads of the warp, and laying, strengthening, and rendering
elastic the constituent fibres thereof. Flour and amylaceous elements from
such sources are costly, and somewhat difficult of application, and they do not
entirely fulfil the conditions practically required for duly fitting warps for the
operation of weaving, and a great loss is incurred by reason of its non-affinity
for and non-adhesion to the fibres of the yarn, forming as it does an external
coating of the yarn rather than a complete and permanent sizeing or dressing.
Now according to the present Invention the basis of the new composition
consists of aluminous and silicious earths and compounds, such for example
as that known as kaolin or China clay, or any suitable silicious or aluminous
matter mixed with certain mucilaginous and glutinous extracts obtained from
materials such as linseed and the refuse clippings of hides in manner herein-
after described. The mode of preparing the mucilaginous and glutinous
extracts which we prefer is the following:-
First as to the glutinous extract, we place twenty gallons of water in a
suitably arranged vessel so that steam can be admitted externally or internally,
and we add thereto ten pounds of buffalo hide, or the waste of hides or any
animal size, and five pounds of glue of fair quality; we then steam or heat the
ingredients slowly for twenty-four hours. We add thereto about one pound
of alum or such quantity as we find in practice sufficient to preserve the
animal substances operated upon. In order to prepare an extract of the
mucilaginous matters contained in linseed, we take seven quarts of linseed,

page_text: (by preference Bombay linseed) and twenty gallons or water; we place these
in a suitably arranged vessel and subject them to the action of steam for
the space of about ten hours. Each of the foregoing preparations, should
they have been heated by the admission of steam, will consist of about thirty
gallons in bulk; when the several operations are completed, the solution of the
animal size must be drawn off free from any undissolved matters, and the
extract of linseed must be strained through a wire gauze, or any other
suitable filter.
We prefer to prepare the improved sizeing or dressing material in three
several ways, to suit the special requirements of the work. According to
one process we take thirty gallons of each of the before-mentioned solutions
and add thereto fifty-six pounds weight of China clay or other suitable earth.
These ingredients are thoroughly commingled in an agitating vessel, and the
resultant composition is applied to the yarn in the usual manner.
composition is what we prefer to use when weight is not an especial require-
ment in the yarn.
This
The composition which we prefer to employ for general use is thus made:-
We take as before thirty gallons of each of the mucilaginous and glutinous
solutions and add thereto two hundred and twenty-four pounds weight of
China clay or other suitable earth, the whole being well agitated and then
passed into a boiling vessel where there is added one hundred pounds weight
of common flour, or seventy-five pounds weight of sago flour, the flour being
previously mixed in about its own bulk of water. The mixture is then heated
by steam to a temperature of one hundred and fifty degrees of Fahrenheit,
when it thickens to a consistency which we find best adapted for ordinary
purposes. In the absence of any special boiling or steaming vessel the
steaming process may be carried on in the steam chest of the sizeing machine.
This composition is what we prefer to use when weight is an especial con-
sideration.
A third composition is made by using the same ingredients and proportions
as those which we have just described, except that we use one hundred and
twenty pounds weight of common flour or one hundred pounds weight of
sago flour instead of the quantities of these ingredients previously mentioned.
We prefer this last mixture for "common sizeing" and "dressing" as known
in the trade in contradistinction to "tape sizeing." Soft soap, or linseed oil,
or tallow, made be added to the compositions at the discretion of the manufac-
turer, but we recommend that not more than one half the proportions of
such ingredients usually employed be used with the improved compositions.
By the adoption of any of these compositions, great economy. is secured not

page_text: only in the first cost of the material employed but also in all the after pro-
cesses of manufacture of the warp yarns into cloths, whilst the cloth when
finished is of a class much superior to that produced from yarn sized or
dressed in the ordinary way.
We do not confine ourselves exactly to any of the before-mentioned
quantities, they approximate only, and may vary with the option of every
user, neither do we confine ourselves to the above-mentioned sources of
mucilaginous and glutinous extracts, it being evident that other sources exist
which may possibly be found to be as economical and advantageous.
In witness whereof, I, the said John M Kean, on behalf of myself and
the said James Gabbott, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twenty-ninth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.