IMPROVE. MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING THREAD
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING
THREAD." A communication from abroad by Auguste Prouvost, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Spinner.
Sealed the 17th April 1860, and dated the 17th February 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th February 1860.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND
WINDING THREAD," a communication from abroad by Auguste Prouvost, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Spinner, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements
of machinery or apparatus for twisting, doubling, and winding thread of all
kinds, and consists, firstly, of a machine for making cops suitable for doubling
or winding. The threads are unwound from pirns at the back of the machine,

page_text: and pass through guide eyes in two's or three's, or other number according to
the doubling required. From these guide eyes they pass over a piece of cloth
which stretches them slightly, and thence they pass under a glass rod and
through guide eyes on the ends of oscillating levers, which remain elevated
so long as the threads are unbroken, but immediately a breakage occurs they
descend and establish an electric circuit, the current through which effects by
suitablo mechanism the stoppage of the machine, and sound an alarm at the
same time. From the last-mentioned guide eyes the threads pass through
other guide eyes on the upper surface of a rising and falling bar, which lays
the threads evenly on the spindles as it is being wound and shapes the cop,
the required vertical movements being obtained by a crank pin and a screw
motion. In a second modification this rising and falling motion is derived
from a snail cam and the gradual winding up of a strap round a shaft driven
by suitable gearing from the main shaft.
Another part of this Invention consists of a machine whereby the thread is
simultaneously. twisted and wound in the form of skeins on to a reel, the spools
in this machine being produced by the machine last described. By another
machine it is proposed to accomplish three operations, the threads being first
twisted in being unwound from their spindles, doubled and finally twisted in
being wound on to the bobbins by a throstle flyer. The threads ou leaving
their spindles pass over a notched plate, they are then doubled by passing
round small rollers, and between a pair of other rollers which deliver them to
the bobbin spindles and flyers. It is further proposed to make the spools or
pirns with metal cores obtained by the electrotype process, whereby they may
be readily and without injury transferred to the mule spindles, which twist
the thread at the same time that it is unwound, thereby saving time:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th August 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND
WINDING THREAD," a communication from abroad by Auguste Prouvost, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Spinner, upon the coudition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrange-
ments of machinery or apparatus for twisting, doubling, and winding threads
of all kinds, and consists, firstly, of a machine for making cops suitable for
doubling or winding. The threads are unwound from pirns at the back of the
machine, and pass through guide eyes in two's or three's, or other number
according to the doubling required. From these guide eyes they pass over a
piece of cloth which stretches them slightly, and thence they pass under a
glass rod and through guide eyes on the ends of oscillating levers, which
remain elevated so long as the threads. are unbroken, but immediately a
breakage occurs they, descend and establish an electric circuit, the current
through which effects, by an electro-magnet and suitable mechanism, the
stoppage of the machine, and sounds an alarm at the same time. From the
last-mentioned guide eyes the threads pass through other guide eyes or rods
on the upper surface of a rising and falling bar, which lays the threads evenly
on the spindles as they are being wound and shapes the cop, the required
vertical movements being obtained by a crank pin and a screw.motion. In a
second modification this rising and falling motion is derived from a snail cam

page_text: and the gradual winding up of a strap round a shaft driven by suitable
gearing from the main shaft.
Another part of this Invention consists of a machine whereby the thread is
simultaneously twisted and wound in the form of skeins on to a reel, the spools
in this machine being produced by the machine last described. By another
machine it is proposed to accomplish three operations, the threads being first
twisted in being unwound from their spindles, doubled, and finally twisted in
being wound on to the bobbins by a throstle flyer; the threads on leaving
their spindles pass over a notched plate. They are then doubled by passing
round sin all rollers and between a pair of other rollers which deliver them to
the bobbin spindles and flyers. It is further proposed to make the spools or
pirns with metal cores obtained by the electrotype process, whereby they may
be readily and without injury transferred to the mule spindles, which twists the
thread at the same time that it is unwound, thereby effecting a saving of time.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures in the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
saine letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 represents an end elevation of a winding or doubling frame con-
structed according to this Invention; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the
same; Figures 3 and 4 represent two other modifications of winding frames;
Figure 5 is a side elevation of a machine for twisting and for winding off
the thread into skeins; Figure 6 is a front elevation of a portion of the
same; and Figures 7 and 8 represent respectively a section and front elevation
of a machine which accomplishes the threefold operation of twisting the
individual threads, uniting the same, and twisting them together.
a,
In Figures 1 and 2 the main drum A drives the spindles A¹ through the
sheaves and it also imparts notion by the pinion B to the wheel b, which is
provided with a pin c for obtaining a rising and falling motion through the
bar c, this bar carries two bevel pinions, one of which is actuated by the
ratchet wheel d at each revolution of the pin c which raises the lever and
pall d. The other pinion is traversed by a screw spindle D connected with a
rod E which is attached to the bell crank F, producing the progressive
ascending movement of the thread. This bell crank oscillates on the centre e,
and one of its arms carries the two parallel rods y, which serve as stretchers
for the threads to be spooled or doubled. In order to obtain the desired shape
at the lower portion of the spool or cop, the second arm of the bell crank
carries a screw spindle worked by bevel pinions actuated by the bar c, by

page_text: the aid of small jointed levers f, f, and pall, which gears into the teeth of
the ratchet wheel g.
The threads to be doubled and wound are conducted from the spindles or
pirns a' at the back of the machine through the rings or guide eyes of electric
oscillating levers H, and thence through the guide eyes h, where they are
united and doubled in order to be wound on to the spindles A'. Should a
thread become broken a stoppage of the action of the machine is effected by
any one of the levers H. For this purpose the small counterweight h
(variable at will), and placed on the extremity of the lever I causes that lever
to incline or turn over so soon as it is abandoned by the thread. The counter-
weight is thereby brought in contact with a metal plate M in communication
with an electro-magnet M¹ capable of raising the catch N, whereupon the
strap guide O being released is slid by a counterweight, so as to bring the
driving strap from the fixed pully P to the loose pully P', thus effecting the
stoppage of the machine. The electro-magnet M' may also be made to agi-
tate a bell, which will call the attention of the attendant to the machine. The
axis I,which supports the levers H is in communication with the positive polo
X, and the metal plate M with the negative pole of the battery. The contact
of any one of the levers H with the plate M consequently establishes the
electric circuit, and the magnet coming into action effects the shifting of the
driving strap and stoppage of the machine.
In Figure 3 I have illustrated another mode of working the sliding bar C
which gives the progressive advance and vertical motion required in forming
the cop.
The shaft of the drum A carries a piniou which drives the spur
wheel b, the axis of which carries a small toothed segment b'in gear alter
nately with the upper and lower racks in the bar C. By these means the
rising and falling of the thread is effected. A pall attached to the framing
actuates at each stroke of the bar C the ratchet wheel d, which by the aid
of bevel wheels drives the screw spindle D connected with a rod E attached
to the bell crank F.
Figure 4 illustrates a third modification of the method of importing a to-
and-fro motion to the bar C. The axis of the drum A imparts a rotatory
motion to the pinion b, which is cast in one piece with the eccentric or cam X,
provided with a groove in which works a pin x fitted into the side of the bar
C, so that as this cam rotates it will impart through the pin x a to-and-fro
sliding motion to the bar Cand thence to the cop forming mechanisın. A pin
on the side of the cam causes the lever to vibrate, and this lever carries a
pall which drives the exhibit wheel d. This wheel transmits motion to the
screw D through the bevel pinions, as shown. In order to facilitate the forma-

page_text: tion of the lower conical part of the cop, and to assist the winding on, it is
proposed to place a cone of hard india-rubber, gutta percha, or other suitable
material below the metal cop tube. The cops produced by the machines above
described are similar to the mule cop; they are removed from the machine
and placed in the twisting and winding machine shewn at Figures 5 and 6.
This machine serves to twist the threads and wind them in the form of hanks
or skeins, as shewn, or in other forms, as required. The spindles B being
driven at a high velocity twist the threads which are passed through openings
in a notched plate P fitted on the front of the machine. On leaving this plate
the threads pass over a roller R, and thence through the guide eyes in the ends
of the oscillating electric levers H, whence they proceed direct round the
winder M, which is driven at a slow speed. In this machine, as in those pre-
viously described, each of the levers H establishes a circuit for the electric
current, when any one of the threads become broken, thereby sounding the
.bell and stopping the machine. The spindles B are driven from the main
drum T on the shaft A, which carries also the driving pullies. A train of
gearing E gives the necessary slow motion to the winder M.
Figures 7 and 8 represent a machine which comprises the functious of two
distinct machines. It will be seen, on referring to the Drawings, that this
machine contains two drums, the first one T drives the cop spindles B, which
are mounted horizontally, and are driven at a high velocity, thereby imparting
a twist to the threads as they are drawn off the cops, and the second drum T¹
drives the spindles and flyers B¹. The threads proceeding from the cops B
are conducted through and over the guides and rollers b where they are
doubled, they then pass through the eyes of the oscillating levers H and
between the rollers C, C, which deliver them to the spindles B' of the
twister. The use of metallic bushes or cop tubes obtained by the electrotype
process, or other simple means, is of great advantage when the cops havo
to be frequently transferred from one set of spindles to another, whilst a
considerable saving is effected, inasmuch as the thread.can be wound off to
the bottom without any waste.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hercin-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of machinery
or apparatus for twisting, doubling, and winding fibrous materials, as herein-
before described.

page_text: 2nd, the peculiar mode of employing an electrical current for the purpose
of sounding a signal, and stopping the machine on the breaking of a thread,
as herein-before described.
3rd, the application and use of metal cop tubes or bushes, in the mauner
and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)