Improvements in and relating to Gland Packing.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Gland Packing.
I, JAMES WALKER, of Lion Works, Garford Street, Poplar, London, E. Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of gland packing, and has for its
object to produce a packing which, while occasioning the minimum of friction
in use. and being capable of easy manipulation and ready application in position
within the gland, will be capable of being tightly and effectively forced to its
work by fluid pressure and so as to occasion no leakage of fluid. The packing
is applicable for any kind of packing glands or stuffing boxes for steam, water,
air, gas or other fluids.
The invention consists in providing the packing of hollow or substantially
cup or shaped cross section, so that by the pressure space thus formed and the
surface thereby afforded for the application of fluid pressure a fluid tight joint
is secured. The invention further consists in various forms of construction of
packing as hereafter more particularly described.
In carrying the invention into effect the packing may be produced from sheet
metal stamped or otherwise formed to substantially cup or V section. The sheet
metal may be stamped and applied in layers. For example, layers of brass may
be 'employed with alternate layers of lubricating metal or wire gauze.
The pack-
ing may, however, be provided of a textile fabric, such as wire and asbestos cloth
formed to the necessary shape. Or ordinary canvas, or other textile fabric may
be employed in the formation of the packing; the canvas alternating with a
metallic layer.
Or a compound of india-rubber graphite, composition chalk, mica or metal
turnings or shavings may be employed. For example, composition may be used
with metal shavings and the mixture covered by wire gauze or textile fabric,
the whole being pressed up to the required shape by stamping or by any other
suitable means. The layers, of packing may, however, instead of being stamped
of a plain substantially. V section, be formed of an N or W section with inter-
mediate pressure spaces, or they may be formed with radial or circumferential
corrugations, the layers being applied one on the top of the other, so that upon
slight compression a wedge action is secured, which, on the application of fluid
pressure within the gland, effects a perfect tightness.
i
Packing of such a shape as before described may be made in any length and
cut as required to suit the size of the rod upon which it is to be used, and it may
be cut or folded in order to be formed into circular shape 'to suit the formation
of the rod. Or, instead, rings may be formed of the size of the rod and these
slipped one upon the other in position within the gland. Or half rings or
segments may be formed which may be so arranged within the gland or stuffing
box as to break joint.
The rings or segments employed may be fastened together to facilitate the
packing being introduced into the gland or stuffing box, and for this purpose
Dins. rivets or studs may be emploved.

page_text: The invention, however, is not confined to such a means of securing the con-
stituent rings or segments together, as they may, for example, be fastened together
by being sewn with wire, but it is preferred to employ pins, rivets or studs
upon the packing so disposed as to form a wearing face to the rod. These pins,
rivets or studs are so formed and disposed on the wearing faces of the packing
as to materially reduce friction.
In the employment of corrugated discs or layers alternate strips of lubricating
metal are preferably employed, or the corrugated rings may alternate with
plain rings formed to closely fit the rod and gland or stuffing box. This class
of packing is particularly suitable as a base for solid metallic packing as it
affords the necessary elasticity. Instead of employing corrugated discs the
packing may be produced by rolling up corrugated sheet metal, wire gauze or
metal cloth.
In accordance with another modification the constituent rings or segments
may be made of a hollow section having one side perpendicular, but it is to be
understood that no limitation is placed to the actual form so long as it is hollow
and substantially cup or V section or corrugated shape.
In accordance with another modification packing may be made with composition
and metal turnings or shavings and the whole pressed up to the required ring
or segmental shape. The faces of these rings, may, however, be inclined, so
that wedge action may result by the one ring sliding upon the other on the
application of pressure.
The metallic turnings may however be enclosed within wire gauze and then
stamped or pressed into the required shape. Or the metallic turnings may be
covered with wire spirally wound or plaited.
The pins, rivets, studs or fasteners are placed in such positions as render
them most effective as wearing surfaces and they may be made of graphite, com-
position or metal and may be applied even when not required for fastening the
constituent segments, rings or layers together.
Dated this 22nd day of Santambian 1900
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and
25, Cross Street, Manchester, Agents.
I, JAMES WALKER, of Lion Works, Garford Street, Poplar, London, E. Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of gland packing, and has for its
object to produce a packing which, while occasioning the minimum of friction
in use, will be capable of being tightly and effectively forced to its work by
fluid pressure, and so as to occasion no leakage of fluid..
The invention is applicable for any kind of packing glands or stuffing boxes for
steam, water, air, gas, or other fluids.
The invention consists in providing the packing of hollow or substantially cup
or V shaped cross-section, so that by the pressure space thus formed, and the
surface thereby afforded for the application of fluid pressure and for the wedge
action of the superposed rings or layers a fluid-tight joint is secured, and any
irregularities in the diameter of the rod or box are made good.

page_text: The invention also consists in providing packing from metal turnings or
shavings within a cover or envelope that permits of rings or layers being formed
to the required section, and that allows of the rings or layers being wholly with-
drawn from the gland or box in case of renewal.
The invention further consists in providing rings of conical and corrugated
shape as hereafter described.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings-
Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively section and elevation of packing provided accord-
ing to the invention, while
Figs. 3 and 4 are section and elevation of a modification in shape.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively sectional elevation and plan of corrugated rings
of packing, and
Figs. 7 and 8 are corresponding views of rings in which the corrugations are
radially formed.
Figs. 9 and 10 are respectively section and elevation of packing made according
to the invention, and
Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 are modifications thereof; while
Fig. 19 illustrates various modes of applying pins on the inner face of the
packing to secure a good wearing surface.
In carrying the invention into effect, the packing may be produced from sheet
metal stamped or otherwise formed in rings to substantially cup or V section as
illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4. The rings A are placed one upon the other in any
number as required, the upper edges A making contact respectively with the
rod and gland thereby forming a U spring.
These rings A may he cut in halves or segments for the purpose of convenient
application upon the rod or within the gland, the joints of the halves or seg-
ments being broken with every alternate layer. Rings or layers of brass may be
employed with alternate layers of soft or lubricating metal to prevent the other
rings or layers from cutting the rod. Rings or layers of textile fabric or other
suitable material may, however, be introduced for the same purpose.
By such a formation of the rings, spaces A2 are formed, wherein fluid pressure
may act to form a tight joint.
A turn of round or other suitably shaped packing may be provided next to
the neck bush so as to fit the same.
The rings or layers of U section may be placed between layers of other packing
and fastened together by wire or pins.
As illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, I may employ conical discs B of any suitable kind
of metal, metal woven sheet or other material corrugated circumferentially, or
corrugated radially as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, which may be cut into halves
or segments for convenient application upon the rod. Such a shape ensures
contact with pressure against the sides of the rod and gland.
Rings or layers of soft or lubricating metal may alternate with such discs
as in the modifications of Figs. 1 to 4, and instead of employing corrugated
dises the packing may be produced by rolling up corrugated sheet metal or wire
gauze or metal cloth to the same shape.
As illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10 the packing may be made of metal turnings
or shavings D, incased in a woven cover or envelope E or wire asbestos or
cotton cloth, or a combination of metallic wire and fibre or other suitable
material, for the purpose of retaining the turnings or shavings in shape. The
cover or envelope may be woven in the form of a tube, and filled with the
turnings or shavings pressed up to the desired shape, the whole being subse-
quently pressed to the size and actual shape required.
I prefer the U shape illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10, having the pressure space E¹
and the upper edges K formed inclined, in order to permit of those edges being
expanded out in use. I also prefer to employ turnings or shavings of soft
metal, such as an alloy of lead and tin.
The envelopes or covers E may be filled with any other composition found

page_text: suitable such as asbestos, rubber, graphite, with or without metal turnings or
shavings.
No limitation is placed to the actual shape of the rings formed according to
this part of my invention. Such may for example be formed of or W shape,
as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12 or in other such shapes as illustrated in
Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16.
In the modification of Figs. 11 and 12, intermediate spaces E¹ are allowed
for the purpose described with reference to Figs. 9 and 10.
The modification illustrated in Fig. 16 consists of associated rings F, FL. of
wedge shape, in which a sliding or wedge action results, and is provided for the
purpose of making a tight joint.
Instead of the cover or envelope E being formed of woven wire or fibre, it may
be plaited as illustrated in Figs. 17 and 18; or lubricating metal wire or shav-
ings may be introduced in the manufacture of the cover.
Packing as before described may be made in any length and cut as required
to suit the size of the rod upon which it is to be used, or it may be made in
rings.
The face of the packing next to the rod may be covered with soft lubricating
metal or graphite composition, in the form of studs or pins G disposed as illus-
trated in Fig. 19, so as to prevent injury to the rod and to minimise friction.
Such studs preferably penetrate partially through the packing so as to permit
freedom to the packing in expanding.
No novelty exists in the employment of metal turnings or shavings. Such
have before been used, but have been accompanied by the inconvenience that
they became solid in the box or gland, necessitating chipping out, on renewal
On the other hand packing provided, according to the invention, with an outer
cover or envelope, can be blown out, or drawn out with packing screws, each
layer forming a separate ring of packing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is―
1. Packing in which a pressure space is formed and a surface provided for the
application of pressure, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein-
before described.
2. Packing consisting of a cover or envelope filled with metal turnings or
shavings, or other suitable packing material, formed to the required section, for
the purpose and substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. Packing provided for the purpose and substantially as
described.
herein before
Date
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1000