IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING, CRUSHING, OR DRAWING OUT VEGETABLE FIBRES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Hamborough Joynson, of St. Mary's Cray,
in the County of Kent, Paper Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING, CRUSHING, OR DRAWING OUT
VEGETABLE FIBRES."
Sealed the 12th November 1861, and dated the 29th July 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Hamborough
Joynson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th July 1861.
I, EDMUND HAMBOROUGH JOYNSON, of St. Mary's Cray, in the County of
Kent, Paper Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING, CRUSHING, OR DRAWING
OUT VEGETABLE FIBRES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery or apparatus for disintegrating,
crushing, or drawing out vegetable fibres consists of a travelling endless table,
composed of metal plates jointed together in the form of an endless chain, which
passes round two octagonal or prism rollers to which motion is communicated
from the prime mover by any convenient arrangement of gearing. A stationary
table on which the vegetable fibre to be operated upon is placed by the attendant
is situated at one end of the machine. The travelling endless table passes
between four pairs of rollers. The lower rollers simply act as supporting rollers,
to sustain the endless travelling table, and they may or may not have a direct
motion imparted to them as may be considered advisable, but they should travel
at the same surface speed as the table. The upper rollers are the operating rollers,

page_text: and they must be driven at specific and increasing speeds; for instance, the first
roller may be driven at a speed of, say, sixty feet a minute, while the table and
holding rollers only move at the rate of say, ten feet per minute. The second
roller may be driven at, say, eighty feet, the third roller at one hundred feet,
and the fourth roller at one hundred and twenty feet per minute. The lower
rollers are of course plain rollers on which the under side of the travelling table
rests, but the surfaces of the upper rollers are fluted or roughened so that they
may catch hold of and draw out the fibres while they are held by the slowly
moving holding rollers and endless travelling table. The disintegrated and
drawn-out fibres will be delivered at the-exit end of-the machine by the
travelling endless table, and will be deposited on a table or in a suitable recep-
tacle placed there for the purpose.
An obvious modification of this apparatus consists in suppressing the long.
travelling endless table, and employing a series of short endless carrying
belts provided with holding or retaining rollers and placed between the large
drawing or working rollers. In combination with these endless carrying belts
and holding rollers there are several pairs of disintegrating rollers which I call
the drawing or working rollers and are driven at differential speeds, so that.
each pair may draw from the preceding ones and thus pull out the fibres. The
endless carrying belts and holding rollers must also be driven at differential
speeds depending upon the speed of the larger rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 29th January 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND.
HAMBOROUGH JOYNSON, of St. Mary's Cray, in the County of Kent, Paper
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edmund Hamborough Joynson, Her special license that I, the said Edmund
Hamborough Joynson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson, my executors, administrators, and.
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might

page_text: make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "I-
PROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING, CRUSHING, OR DRAWING
OUT VEGETABLE FIBRES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edmund Hamborough Joynson, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of improved machinery or apparatus for disintegrating,
crushing, or drawing out vegetable fibres has for its object the disintegration
of the fibres of vegetable substances so as to bring them into a state to be used
for conversion into pulp for the manufacture of | paper.
My improved machine consists of a travelling endless table composed of
metal plates, joined together in the form of an endless chain which presses
round two octagonal or prism rollers, to which motion is communicated from
the prime mover by any convenient arrangement of gearing. A stationary
table, on which the vegetable fibre to be operated upon is placed by the
attendant, is situated at one end of the machine, and another table, inclined
board, or suitable receptacle to receive the disintegrated fibres after they have
passed through the machine, is situated at the other end.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of a
machine constructed according to my Invention; and Fig. 2 is a plan view
thereof. a, a, a, a, is the framework of the machine; b is the inclined table
upon which the fibres to be operated upon are placed by the attendant;
c, c, c, c, is a travelling table, composed of metal plates provided with grooved
or roughened surfaces, and jointed together in the form of an endless chain.
This travelling endless table or chain passes between four pairs of rollers
d, d', d, d. The lower rollers d¹ simply act as supporting rollers to sustain
the endless travelling table c, and they may or may not have a direct motion
imparted to them, as may be considered advisable; but they should travel at
the same surface speed as the table c. The upper rollers d are the operating
rollers, and it will be found convenient to drive them at specific and increasing.
speeds.

page_text: In the Drawing I have shewn the pitch lines of toothed gearing for driving
all the upper rollers at the same speed; but it will be clearly understood
that by altering the relative numbers of teeth in the wheels any desired speed
may be obtained; for instance, the first roller may be driven at a speed of, say,
40 feet a minute, while the table and holding rollers only move at the rate of,
say, 10 feet per minute. The second roller may be driven at, say, 50 feet,:
the third roller at 60 feet, and the fourth roller at 70 feet per minute, or any
other relative speeds that may be found more convenient may be employed if
preferred, the speed of the working cylinders being somewhat dependant
upon-the nature of the fibre to be operated upon. The lower rollers d¹ are of
course plain rollers, on which the under side of the travelling table c rests,
but the surfaces of the upper rollers d are fluted or roughened, so that they
may catch hold of and draw out the fibres while they are held between the
slowly moving holding rollers e, e, and-the-endless-travelling_table_c. The
holding rollers e, e, are adjustable in their bearings by means of set screws e',
and the lower ones revolve by friction of contact against the travelling table c,
whereas the upper ones are driven by bands passed round pullies on their.
axles, and actuated by similar pullies on the axles of the lower supporting
rollers d'. The tightness with which the holding rollers nip the fibres is
regulated by the set screws e'. It will of course be understood-that-the-upper.
holding roller must rotate at at least the same surface speed as the working
roller behind it, otherwise the machine will become clogged up. The disin-
tegrated and drawn out fibres will be delivered at the exit end of the machine
by the travelling endless table, and will be deposited on the inclined board or
table f, or in a suitable receptacle placed there for the purpose. Rotary
motion is communicated to the endless travelling table c by applying power in
any convenient manner to one of the prisms or polygonal pullies g, g, round
which the endless chain c, c, passes. The bearings of one of these prisms is
made adjustable, so that the chain may be tightened when required.
An obvious modification of this apparatus is shewn at Fig. 3, which is a
longitudinal vertical section of the machine. One of the features of this
modification is the suppression of the long travelling endless table, and the
employment of a series of short endless carrying belts h, h, h, provided with
holding or retaining rollers. These short belts are placed between the large
drawing or working rollers d, d. In combination with these endless carrying
belts hand holding rollers e, there are several pairs of disintegrating rollers d, d',
and which I call the drawing or working rollers, and are driven at differential
speeds as in the former instance, so that each pair may draw the fibres from
the preceding ones, and thus pull out and disintegrate the fibres. The endless

page_text: carrying belts h and holding rollers e must also be driven at differential speeds
depending upon the speed of the larger rollers d.
Having now described my Invention of improved machinery or apparatus
for disintegrating, crushing, or drawing out vegetable fibres, and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the mode herein set forth of
crushing, drawing out, and disintegrating vegetable fibres.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Hamborough Joynson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
E. H. JOYNSON. (L.S.)