IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, REDUCING, AND PULVERIZING BONES FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bradford, of High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, and of the City of Manchester, Laundry
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, REDUCING, AND PULVERIZING BONES FOR VARIOUS
USEFUL PURPOSES,"
Sealed the 21st August 1875, and dated the 27th February 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bradford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th February 1875.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
and of the City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, REDUCING, AND PULVERIZING BONES FOR VARIOUS USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus for cutting,
reducing, and pulverizing bones for various useful purposes, such as for

page_text: the making of soup, the feeding of poultry, or for the manufacture of
manure.
The framing of the machinery may be made of wood or iron, of any
suitable shape, and of any requisite or convenient height and size. The
framing supports an iron or metal bed plate, in or near the centre of
which I place a circular metal disc, carried by bearings cast on or secured
to the bed plate so as to rotate at right angles to the bed plate, and
upon the side of this disc I firmly secure, by means of set screws or
bolts or otherwise, one or more steel cutting plates, with the cutting
edge set off from the surface of the disc at any suitable acute angle.
The thickness of the slice of bone intended to be cut in any domestic
machine may thus be regulated by the thickness given to the cutting
plates and the angle of acuteness to which the cutting edge is ground,
the face of the disc forming a gauge plate.
In larger and more expensive machines the cut may be made ad- 1
justable, and to allow of this I recess the gauge face of the disc in front
of each of the cutting plates, and place in each of the recesses an
adjustable gauge plate actuated by suitable means.
The periphery, or an internal rim at the back of the disc, may be
made with cogs, so that rotary motion may be imparted to the disc by 2
means of a pinion on a shaft carrying a fly wheel, and actuated by a
handle and crank; or any other suitable mechanism may be used to give
motion to the disc and cutters.
Immediately in front of and in line with the bevil or cutting edge of
each cutting plate, and to prevent the same getting blocked, I make a 2
bevilled slot or opening in the disc, so that if any loose or compressed
pieces of bone should get wedged between the cutting edge and the disc,
it is forced therefrom by the succeeding piece cut by the same cutter
through the slot, so as to leave the cutting plate clear.
Above the bed plate, and at the cutting side of the disc, I place a g
metal hopper or receptacle for holding the bone in the position position
for being cut.
For the more effectual reduction or pulverizing of the bone I place
underneath the bed plate a series of two, three, or more corrugated
rollers, and I affix underneath the bed plate steel plates, with projections 8

page_text: of a shape corresponding to the corrugations of the rollers, which clear
them and prevent any bone getting compressed therein. The bone is fed
to these rollers after being cut through a second hopper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Bradford in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BRADFORD, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, and of the
City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Bradford, Her
special licence, that I, the said Thomas Bradford, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Bradford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING,
REDUCING, AND PULVERIZING BONES FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Bradford, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Bradford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by

page_text: the following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus for cutting,
slicing, reducing, and pulverizing bones for various domestic and other
useful purposes, such as for the making of soup, the feeding of poultry,
or for the manufacture of bone manure.
The improved machine or apparatus constructed according to this
Invention is illustrated (in Figures 1 to 11) on the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, and in order that the following description thereof may be
completely understood, I have marked the Drawings with figures of
reference corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof.
On the annexed Drawings 1 represents the framing of a domestic
machine, which may be made of wood or metal, and of any suitable
shape, and of any requisite or convenient height and size. At its top it
supports a metal bed plate 2, in or about the centre of which I place a
circular metal disc 3, carried by bearings 4 cast on or suitably secured to
the bed plate 2 so as to rotate at right angles thereto, and upon one side,
of the disc 3 I firmly secure by means of set screws or bolts 5 (or
otherwise) one or more steel cutting plates 6, with the cutting edge set
off from the surface of the disc 3 at any suitable acute angle. The
thickness of the slice of bone intended to be cut in any domestic
machine may thus be regulated by the thickness given to the cutting
plates 6 and the angle of acuteness to which the cutting edge is ground,
the face of the disc 3 forming or acting as a guage plate. With this
arrangement of the cutter 6 the side of the hopper 14 farthest from the
centre of the disc is made very strong to withstand the pressure of the
bones against it, and which is caused by the outward or diverging cut of
the cutters.
In larger and more expensive machines, such as those more especially
adapted for poultry breeders, gardeners, or farmers, the cut may be
made adjustable, and to allow of this in such machines I recess the
guage face of the disc 3 in advance of each of the cutting plates 6,
Figure 11, and place in each recess an adjustable guage plate 29, which
may be actuated, that is, advanced and receded in the recess, by any
suitable means. In such machines also I find it more advantageous to

page_text: arrange the cutters 6 as shown in Figure 9, and to arrange in connection
with them other steel or iron plates 12 of a corresponding thickness, and
which will have the effect of carrying the bones inwards towards the
cutters 6 and nearer to the centre of the disc 3, so that a proportionately
greater and more effectual crushing power will be exerted upon them,
which is very desirable in the larger machines in order to prevent waste
of power. With this arrangement of cutters 6 the hopper 14 is made
only one-half the width of the disc 3, and very strong at the part
nearest the centre of the latter to withstand the pressure of the bones
caused by the inward or converging cut of the cutters.
The periphery, or an internal rim at the rear face of the disc 3, is made
with cogs 7, so that rotary motion may be imparted to the disc 3 by
means of a pinion 8 on a shaft 9 carrying a fly wheel 10, and actuated
by a handle 11; or any other suitable mechanism may be used to give
motion to the disc 3 and cutters 6.
Immediately in front of and in line with the bevil or cutting edge of
each cutting plate 6, and to prevent the same getting blocked, I make a
bevilled recess, slot, or opening 13 in the disc 3, so that if any loose or
compressed piece of bone should get wedged between the cutting edge
and the disc 3, it will be forced therefrom by the succeeding piece cut
by the same cutter through the slot, and thus free the same.
Above the bed plate 2, and at the cutting side of the disc 3, I place a
metal hopper or receptacle 14 for holding the bones in a proper position
for being cut, the bones being pressed down to the cutters 6 by hand,
but in the larger machines above referred to I provide the hopper 14
with a suitable serrated pressing lever 15, Figures 7 and 8, by which the
bones may be pressed against the cutting face of the disc 3 more advan-
tageously. Upon the top of the framing may also be placed a larger
box 19 for holding any required quantity of bones in a convenient
position. After reduction the bones fall into an inclined trough 20.
In the machines used by those requiring a more effectual reduction or
pulverizing of the bones I place underneath the bed plate 2 a series of
two, three, or more geared V corrugated rollers 16, set at a little distance
apart (and which are shown-detached in Figure 10), and I also affix
underneath the bed plate 2 steel plates 17, with V projections 18 of a
shape corresponding to the corrugations of the rollers 16, which projec-

page_text: :
tions clear the rollers and prevent any bone getting compressed therein.
The bone after being cut as above described is fed to these rollers 16
for further reduction or pulverizing through a second hopper, which
may be of a similar construction to the hopper 14.
On the accompanying Drawings,-
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the improved slicing or cutting
machine or apparatus.
Figure 2, a transverse section through 21-22, looking in the direction
of the arrow 23.
Figure 3, a view of the cutting face of the disc 8; Figure 4, a view
of the rear face thereof.
Figuro 5, a transverse section through 24-25, looking in the direction
of the arrow 26.
Figure 6, a similar section through 27-28, looking in the direction of
the arrow 30.
Figures 7 and 8, partial sectional elevations of the modification for
feeding the bone to the cutters 6.
Figure 9, a detached view of the modification of arranging the
cutters 6.
Figure 10, a detached plan view of the pulverizing or crushing appa-
ratus.
And Figure 11, a transverse section of the disc 3, showing an ad-
justable guage plate 29.
Figures 1, 2, 7, and 8 are drawn to a scale of two inches to a
foot, and Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 11, to a scale of three inches to a
foot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention, together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention the above-
described novel and peculiar combination and arrangement of parts
constituting an improved machine or apparatus for cutting, slicing,
reducing, crushing, and pulverizing bones, substantially as described,
and as illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and especially
I claim the application and use in machinery constructed for accom-

page_text: plishing the above-named purposes of a circular cutting disc, having
steel cutting plates suitably secured thereto, and made with recesses for
the pieces cut to pass through.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bradford, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.