IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES AND OTHER HEAVY FORMS OF MALLEABLE IRON OR STEEL OR OF STEEL AND IRON COMBINED.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Jeayons, of the Atlas Works, Sheffield,
in the County of York, Forge Manager, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES AND OTHER
HEAVY FORMS OF MALLEABLE IRON OR STEEL OR OF STEEL AND IRON
COMBINED.
"
Scaled the 6th May 1870, and dated the 10th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Jeavons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1870.
I, JOSHUA JEAVONS, of the Atlas Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Forge Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES AND OTHER HEAVY
FORMS OF MALLEABLE IRON OR STEEL OR OF STEEL AND IRON COMBINED," to be as
follows:-
-
"
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of preparing piles and
"moulds or top and bottom plates from which armour plates, bars for
fortification works, and other heavy forms of malleable iron or steel or

page_text: of steel and iron combined are to be manufactured, and consists in
making such class of article from piles prepared by piling between top
and bottom flat plates or ** moulds either of the ordinary construction
or of the improved constructions herein-after referred to bars of iron or
steel or both in combination provided with cither vertical or scarfed
edges and having a longitudinal channel on the upper and under surface
or on one of such surfaces only as having alternately channels and
projecting ribs on their surfaces so as to admit of the bars of one layer
interlocking and breaking joint with those of the next layer; or I use
bars with bevilled edges and with longitudinal channels on one surface
which lock into and break joint with other bays in the next layer provided
also with bevilled edges and with raised ribs or projections at each side,
such ribs or projections fitting into the channels of the bars in the next
layer. The intervening spaces which would occur between the bevilled
edges of any two adjoining bars in the same layer are filled up by
inserting therein bars of a triangular section. I sometimes pile together
between "moulds" of the ordinary or my improved construction herein-
after referred to bars of iron or steel or iron and steel of a section
somewhat similar to what is known as double angle iron, thus _/¯,
but with bevilled edges, such bars being provided with longitudinal
channels and ribs on opposite sides so as to interlock and break joint
with similar bars in the next layer. The "moulds "
also havo
channels or ribs in or on their inner surfaces
channels on the top and bottom layer of bars.
channels on one side and projections on the other of the said bars I
sometimes make rectangular or other shaped channels on one or both
sides of the bars and fill in the cavities with ordinary merchant bars of
corresponding shape. The bars of these series on the outer edges of the
pile are made with one edge vertical in lieu of bevilled, such vertical
edge being almost double the thickness of the inner edge of the said
bar. Or I use bars of iron or steel or iron and steel having curved or
grooved flanges or projections made to overlap and interlock with similar
bars in the same layer in combination with top and bottom "moulds"
of the ordinary or improved construction herein-after mentioned. Or
I use in combination with top and bottom "moulds" of the ordinary or
my improved construction corrugated bars with vertical or scarfed edges,
the corrugations of one bar fitting into those of the other above or below
it. These corrugated bars may also be employed in conjunction with
small "moulds or top and bottom plates for making the large moulds
"
may
locking into the ribs or
Or in lieu of making

page_text: to be used in the main pile. Dimensions of these various shaped bars
may be from three inches to sixteen inches in width and from half to
one and a half inches in thickness, whilst their length will mainly depend
upon the length or width of the pile to be produced, according as they
are piled longitudinally or transversely. These dimensions may how-
ever be varied according to circumstances. The top and bottom flat
plates or "moulds" which are to be in all cases employed in combination.
with the piled bars herein-before described may also be made from
similar bars piled between what are known as small plates or "moulds."
The pile when formed, whether the main pile for the armour plate or
the pile for the "mould" intended to be used in such main pile, is heated
and welded into a homogenous mass by rolling or hammering. Or the
said moulds to be used in combination with the said bars may be
made from piles composed of ordinary merchant bars or of the other
shaped bars described in a Provisional Specification filed by me in the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the Third of December One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3501.
I also propose to make armour plates and such like heavy masses of
iron or steel and iron and steel combined from a series of flat plates or
moulds laid one upon another and made from bars piled between small
"moulds' or plates welded together by rolling, as described in my said
Provisional Specification, or from bars of the descriptions herein-before
referred to piled between small "moulds" and welded together by rolling
or hammering.
I also propose to make the piles for moulds intended to be rolled or
forged into armour plates and such like masses of metal partly from
bars and partly from scrap disposed between top and bottom flat plates
or small moulds. For this purpose I pile ordinarily merchant flats or
flat bars of special forms, such as channelled, grooved, rabbeted, or
semi-dovetailed bars, or bars of any other suitable section of iron and steel
or iron and steel in combination, so as to form a box or cavity between
the top and bottom plates or small "moulds, which box or cavity I fill
in with iron or steel or iron and steel scrap, and after heating the pile
I weld the same into a homogeneous mass by rolling or hammering. A
number of these moulds made from bars and scrap combined may
also be used for making armour plates and such like articles by placing
them one upon another and welding the same into a homogenous mass
by rolling or hammering.

page_text: I do not confine myself to the use of any one of the forms of bars
herein-before referred to in any single pile, but propose sometimes to
vary the forms of bars used in the same pile, thus combining together
in one pile several different forms of bars, so as to secure the joints being
well crossed and welded together.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joshua Jeavons in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSHUA
JEAVONS, of the Atlas Works, Sheffield, in the County of York, Forge
Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Joshua Jeavons, Her special license that
I, the said Joshua Jeavons, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Joshua Jeavons, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
THE MANUFACTURE OF
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ARMOUR PLATES AND OTHER HEAVY FORMS OF MALLEABLE IRON OR STEEL OR OF
STEEL AND IRON COMBINED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Joshua Jeavons, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joshua Jeavons, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by

page_text: the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
My said Invention relates to a peculiar mode of preparing piles and
"moulds" or top and bottom plates from which armour plates, bars for
fortification works, and other heavy forms of malleable iron or steel or of
steel and iron combined are to be manufactured, and consists in making
such class of article from piles prepared by piling between top and
bottom flat plates or "moulds" marked respectively A and B throughout
the several Figures on the explanatory Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, whether such flat plates or moulds be of the ordinary con-
struction or of the improved constructions herein-after referred to, bars
C of iron or steel or both in combination, that is to say, some of iron
and some of steel, provided with either vertical or scarfed edges as shewn
in Figure 1, and having a longitudinal channel a, a, on the upper and
under surface, or on one of such surfaces only, or I use bars D of the
form shewn in Figure 2, having alternately channels and projecting
ribs c on their surfaces so as to admit of the bars of one layer inter-
locking and breaking joint with those of the next layer, the ribs c on
the edges of one layer of bars D being brought together and caused to
enter or lock into the channels of another layer of bars D¹; or I use
bars E with bevelled edges and with longitudinal channels d on one
surface, as shewn in Figure 3, which bars E lock into and break joint
with other bars E¹ in the next layer provided also with bevelled edges and
with raised ribs or projections e at each side, such ribs or projections
fitting into the channels d of the bars E in the next layer. The inter-
vening spaces which would occur between the bevelled edges of any two
adjoining bars in the same layer are filled up by inserting therein bars F
of a triangular section. I sometimes pile together between "moulds"
of the ordinary or my improved construction herein-after referred to bars
of iron or steel or iron and steel of a section somewhat similar to what is
known as double angle iron, as shewn at G in Figure 4, but with bevelled
edges, such bars being provided with longitudinal channels and ribs g
on opposite sides so as to interlock and break joint with similar bars in
the next layer. The "moulds" A, B, may also have channels or ribs h on
their inner surfaces locking into the ribs or channels on the top and
bottom layer of bars. Or the same section of bar may be used without
either ribs or channels by having the overlapping sides slightly semi-

page_text: dovetailed, as shewn by the bars G¹ in Figure 5. Or in lieu of making
channels on one side and projections on the other of the said bars I
sometimes make rectangular or other shaped channels i on one or both
sides of the bars H, as shewn in Figure 6, and I fill in the cavities with
ordinary merchant bars k of corresponding shape. The bars of the
double angle iron series on the outer edges of the pile are made with one
edge vertical in lieu of bevelled, such vertical edge being about double
the thickness of the inner edge of the said bar, as shewn in Figures 4, 5,
and 6 of my Drawings. Or I use in combination with top and bottom
moulds of the ordinary or my improved construction corrugated bars I
(see Figure 7) with vertical or scarfed edges, the corrugations of one
bar fitting into those of the other above or below it. These corrugated
bars may also be employed in conjunction with small "moulds" or
top and bottom plates for making the large moulds to be used in the
main pile.
The dimensions of the various shaped bars herein-before described may
vary from three to sixteen inches in width, and from one-half to one and
a half inches in thickness, whilst their length will mainly depend upon
the length or width of the pile to be produced according as they are piled
longitudinally or transversely, the several dimensions varying according
to circumstances. The top and bottom flat plates or "moulds" A, B,
which are to be in all cases employed in combination with the piled bars
herein-before described may also be made from similar bars piled between
what are known as "small plates or moulds." The pile when formed,
whether the main pile for the armour plate or the pile for the "mould":
intended to be used in such main pile, is heated and welded into a homo-
geneous mass by rolling or hammering. Or the said "moulds" to be used
in combination with the said piled bars may be made from piles composed
of ordinary merchant bars or of the other shaped bars described in the
Specification of my Patent bearing date the Third of December One 3
thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3501.
I also propose to make armour plates and such like heavy masses of
iron or steel or iron and steel combined from a series of flat "moulds" or
plates laid one upon another and made from bars piled between small
"moulds' or plates welded together by rolling, as described in the 3
Specification of my said Patent, or from bars of the descriptions herein-
before referred to piled between "small moulds" and welded together by
rolling or hammering. I also propose to make the piles for large

page_text: moulds intended to be rolled or forged into armour plates and such like
masses of metal partly from bars and partly from scrap disposed between
top and bottom flat plates or small moulds. For this purpose I pile
ordinary merchant bars of the special forms herein referred to, such as
channelled, grooved, rabited, or semi-dovetailed bars, or bars of any other
suitable section of iron or steel or iron and steel in combination in such
a manner as to form a box or cavity between the top and bottom plates
or "small moulds," which box or cavity I fill in with iron or steel or
iron and steel scrap, and after heating the pile I weld the same into a
homogeneous mass by rolling or hammering. A number of these
"moulds" made from piled bars combined or not with scrap may also
be used for making armour plates and such like articles by placing them
one upon another and welding the same into a homogeneous mass by
rolling or hammering.
I do not confine myself to the use of any one of the forms of bars
herein-before referred to in any single pile, but propose sometimes to
vary the forms of bars used in the same pile, thus combining together
in one pile several different forms of bars so as to secure the joints
being well crossed and welded together, as shewn at Figure 9 of my
Drawings,
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The manufacture of armour plates and other heavy forms of
malleable iron or steel or iron and steel combined from piles composed
of several layers of bars of iron or steel or iron and steel combined
of the peculiar sections or shapes illustrated by my Drawings arranged
or piled together in the manner specified in combination with top
and bottom "moulds" or flat plates of the ordinary or my improved
construction,
"
Second. The manufacture of the large
<< moulds or flat top and
bottom plates employed in making the piles for armour plates and other
heavy forms of iron or steel or iron and steel combined by piling
together in the manner herein specified bars of iron or steel or iron and
steel combined of the peculiar sections or shapes illustrated by my
Drawings in combination with top and bottom "small plates" or

page_text: moulds," and welding the whole into a homogenous mass by rolling
or hammering, as herein-before described.
Third. The manufacture of the "large moulds" or flat top and bottom
plates employed in making the piles for armour plates and such like
masses of metal by piling together between top and bottom "small
plates or moulds" ordinary merchant bars or bars of the peculiar sections
herein referred to whether of iron or steel or of iron and steel in such a
manner as to form a box or cavity between the top and bottom plates,
and filling such box or cavity with iron or steel or iron and steel scrap
combined, and heating and welding the same into a homogenous mass
by rolling or hammering, as herein-before described.
Fourth. The manufacture of armour plates and other heavy forms of
malleable iron or steel or iron and steel combined from piles composed
of a number of superposed flat plates or “moulds” of the peculiar
manufacture referred to under the second and third claiming clauses, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Jeavons, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of September
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.