Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 4th Mar., 1887.
I JOHN D. BOWMAN of Altoona, Blair County, State of Pennsylvania one of the
United States of America Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention has reference to that class of wrenches which are intended to act upon
smooth cylindrical surfaces like the central part of a stud and my object in inventing
this device has been to provide a wrench which will grasp the stud or similar object
promptly and firmly and which may be conveniently used to screw the bolt into place
without necessitating a constant succession of fresh holds to be taken on the cylindrical
surface as is generally requisite with the pipe or stud wrenches now in use.
I have also designed my wrench so that it may be readily used in both directions, as
to screw and unscrew a bolt, and have provided it with certain modifications to adapt
it for special use as hereinafter described reference being made to the accompanying
drawing in which :—
al
Fig. 1, is a side view of my wrench in use, Fig. 2, a plan view of the same; Fig. 3,
plan view of the wrench Fig. 4, a view of my wrench provided with two eccentric
gripping-wheels; Figs. 5, 6 and 7 views of my wrench in a modified form, and Fig. 8,
another modification.
A. A¹ is a tube or sleeve, preferably of steel or malleable iron, at one end of which, A,
are formed lugs B. B, between which is a slot C, penetrating to the hollow portion
of the tube.
D is a serrated eccentric roller made of hardened steel and pivoted between the lugs B,
by means of the pin E around which it turns freely, the slot C, being large enough to
permit it to project into the bore of the tube and to rotate freely without interference.
The portion of the tube or sleeve A¹, which extends above the lugs B, is preferably
made hexagonal as shown in figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 so that an ordinary nut wrench H, may
be used to turn it; or it may be provided with lugs such as F, Figs. 5, 6 and 7, in
which a rod or lever may be inserted through openings to turn the wrench and for
some uses the tube A, may be continued upward in the form of a rod K with a
handle L at its end as shown in fig 8.

page_text: The edges of the roller D are preferably turned down, as shown at d, so that dirt or
scale shall not interfere with its free working between the lugs B.
The sleeve A. A¹ should have a slight V shaped recess a, slotted, cored, or filed in its
inner opening or bore directly opposite to the centre line of the pin E, upon which the
gripping roller D rotates, so that the stand or pipe will be held at two points back of
that where the serrated roller grips it thus ensuring a firm hold.
G, in the drawings represents a stud in the act of being turned by my wronch and J
a lever or rod inserted in one of the lugs F.
In fig. 4, I have shown a second serrated roller D¹, attached to my wrench which
when constructed as there shown is still fitted for ordinary use and especially adapted
for special uses as, for instance where it is desired to act upon a stud so placed that
the wrench cannot be got at with an ordinary bolt-wrench the lower roller may
be made to grip the stud, and a rod inserted into the other end of the sleeve so as
to be gripped by the upper roller, the wrench may then be actuated by means of
said rod.
The mode of use of my wrench is of course apparent. The stud is inserted in its
socket by hand and the sleeve then slipped over it and the serrated roller D, is then
pressed or allowed to rest against the unthreaded section in the direction the stud is to be
turned. The wrench is then turned and the roller at once bites into the metal and
clamps it between itself and the plain sides of the V shaped recess in the bore, gripping
it so firmly that it will turn with the wrench, for the more resistance it offers the
tighter it is clamped. Having once taken hold of the stud or other metal rod
the wrench may remain fixed and immovable relative thereto until it is screwed home,
the nut wrench or lever used to actuate it being changed in position as desired, without
necessitating the taking of a fresh grip upon the stud. This is very important where,
as in the case of ordinary pipe tongs, it is constantly necessary to take a fresh hold, the
stud becoming defaced and even at times weakened. When it is desired to remove
the wrench a slight turn in the opposite direction will at once loosen it, and it is
evident that the same wrench may be used with the same facility to unscrew a stud
as to screw it in. It is of course evident that the sleeve A. A' may if desired have a
longitudinal slot or opening through which the rod or stud may pass to enter it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
1st. A wrench for studs or other round metallic bodies, consisting of a sleeve, A A,
having a serrated eccentric gripping-roller D, pivoted in a slot C, in one end thereof
and its other end projecting beyond said gripping device, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
2nd. A wrench for studs or other round metallic bodies, consisting of a sleeve A. A',
having a serrated eccentric roller, D, pivoted in a slot C, formed in one end thereof,
and having its other end projecting beyond said gripping device and adapted to be
firmly grasped by a removable actuating wrench or lever, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
3rd. In a wrench substantially as shown and described, the combination of the
sleeve A. A', having the V-shaped slot a, and slotted opening C, the serrated eccentric
roller D, pivoted in said slot, and the sleeve continued above said gripping-roller to
form a holding-place for an actuating-lever all substantially as specified.