6 IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
$6 IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES."-A communication from abroad by
Joseph Fuller Baldwin, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States
of America.
Scaled the 28th July 1874, and dated the 14th May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bristow Hunt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1874.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES," (a communication to me from abroad
by Joseph Fuller Baldwin, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America,) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in
planes, and has for its principal objects the providing of an economical,
durable, and effective plane, which will allow the ready adjustment and

page_text: secure holding of the plane iron, and diminish the weight of the material
and lessen the friction of the plane, and which will permit the removal
of an iron rest to shape its bevil to vary the angle of the iron. To
provide a suitable shield to support and guard the hand of the operator
and to hold and allow the ready adjustment of the plane iron; the
arrangement of the plane and formation of the iron so as to admit the
latter to be inserted at a low angle in the former; the providing of a
durable wooden plane; the production of a durable and economical
rabbet plane, true and effective in its operation, and which may be used
either right or left without varying its iron, and will allow the
convenient and ready adjustment of a block or wedge without disturbing
the position of the iron. To effect these and other minor objects which
will be noted in due course, the present Invention consists, —
First. In a metallic plane formed with interior side lugs to receive
between them and the plane iron a metallic or other suitable wedge 1
formed to receive a screw operated to bear upon and securely hold the
iron, or to be readily released from the same to allow the release or
adjustment of the iron.
Second. In a plate or carriage arranged to connect with a plane iron
and a screw cap, the latter operating on an inclined screw stem or rod 2
to raise and lower the iron so as to readily vary its cut.
Third. In a transverse plate or iron rest bevilled on its front and
arranged to be readily adjusted in a plane, or to be readily removed
therefrom to shape the bevil of the iron rest to allow the insertion of the
iron at different angles, and formed at the rear to receive the end of an 2
inclined screw stem or rod.
Fourth. In a plane having a perforated metallic bottom to diminish
its weight and friction.
Fifth. In a metallic shield or hand guard and rest arranged to hold
or formed with a suitable wedge block or plate arranged to be readily 3
adjusted to or readily removed from a plane, so as to securely hold or.
allow the ready removal or adjustment of the plane iron.
Sixth. In a plane iron formed with an upper or reverse bevil to
admit the insertion of the iron at a low angle in the plane..
Seventh. In a wooden plane provided with a metallic bottom to 3
increase its durability.

page_text: And, Lastly. In a metallic rabbet plane arranged, as will be herein-
after more fully described, to admit the insertion or ready removal of a
wedge or block and iron in the side of the of the frame or bar of a plane,
and to secure the even, smooth, and close cutting of the rabbet. All of
which will hereafter be more fully described.
The sides of the metallic bench plane are curved or otherwise formed
as desired, to extend upward from the ends to the centre on either side
of a metallic bottom formed with openings or otherwise perforated to
lessen its weight and diminish its friction, and yet allow a sufficient
bearing on the material to be worked, and having a transverse slot or
mouth forward of which is a transverse upright or finger rest, and
forward of that a knob may if desired be attached to the bottom of the
plane. At the rear of the mouth of the plane is located a metallic
transverse block or iron rest bevilled on the front at the desired angle to
receive the plane iron, the bottom of which is thus supported and
prevented from bearing upon so as to break or injure the rear edge of
the transverse mouth. The iron rest or block is attached to the bottom
of the plane by screws or otherwise, so as to be readily adjusted to the
plane or readily removed therefrom to shape the bevil to allow the plane.
iron to be inserted at varying angles, and is formed on the rear with a
central boss which receives the bottom end of an inclined screw stem or
rod, which extends upward through a transverse vertical standard
notched out at the centre of its top to allow the travel of a plate or
carriage formed with an aperture to receive a screw nut or head of a.
screw which holds a cap iron to the plane iron which is formed as usual
with a longitudinal slot to receive the said screw. The said plate or
carriage is formed at the rear with a downward extending yoke or
bifurcated plate which engages in a groove formed around a screw cap
or nut, which turns so as to travel on the upper or screw end of the
inclined screw stem or rod. Or the said plate or carriage may if
preferred be otherwise arranged to regulate the plane iron; for instance,
it may have in addition to its said rear flange or yoke a forward down-
ward flange having an aperture to receive the said inclined screw stem:
or rod, and be formed on its top at the front with an upward stem which
fits into an aperture formed in the plane iron, which if desired may be
formed with one or more supplementary apertures one above the other
to permit the placing of the iron higher or lower on the plate according
to the wear of the iron.
:

page_text: The sides of the planes are formed on the interior at a suitable
distance at the rear, and above the said transverse slot or mouth with
lugs between which and the iron is inserted a metallic or other suitable
wedge plate or block.
The wedge plate is of metal or other suitable material countersunk on
its bottom and curved in at the sides, at the top, or rear, to form a
central curved tongue formed with a screw socket, which receives a
screw, which, when turned down, bears upon the iron so as to raise the
rear of the said wedge and press its forward portion against, so as to
firmly hold the iron in position, the said lugs serving as a fulcrum to
the wedge.
:
:
The plane is provided with a wooden goose neck or any other suitable
handle or hand rest. By loosening the said screw the wedge is released
to allow the adjustment or removal of the iron which is raised or lowered
to vary its cut by the travelling of the said plate or carriage induced by
the said screw nut or cap operating on the said inclined screw stem.
or rod.
In another modification a wedge plate is curved at the rear or top to
form a central screw socket to receive a screw, and has its sides extended.
and curved horizontally and vertically at the rear and top to form a
curved metallic or other suitable shield or hand rest, an open space being
left between the rear of the wedge plate and its sides and bottom of the
shield plate. This wedge plate is inserted between the said lugs and
the plane iron, which in this and other modifications herein referred to
is formed with an upper or reverse bevil to allow the insertion of the
iron in the plane at a low angle. The wedge plate is held and released,
and the iron is adjusted by the screws, as above described.
In place of the hand shield and rest, and wedge plate, as above
described, a modification of the same may be used, in which modification
a curved metallic shield and hand rest is formed at the bottom with
forward projecting tapering sides or prongs bevilled on the interior to
receive the bevilled sides of the upper or rear portion of a wooden or
other suitable wedge block; curved and bevilled at the rear to fit in the
interior of the lower portion of the shield. The wedge block is inserted
between the said lugs and plane iron, and the shield is adjusted at the
rear, so that its prongs extend under the sides of the wedge block and
hold the same to the iron or allow of its ready release. In this arrange-

page_text: ment the travelling plate or carriage and the said inclined screw stem
or rod and cap are dispensed with, and the plane iron, which is formed
with an upper or reverse bevil, is simply inserted in the plane at the
desired angle, resting on the said transverse vertical standard and held
by the adjustment of the wedge block and shield, as above described.
By withdrawing the shield the wedge is readily released to allow the
adjustment or removal of the iron.
In another modification of the construction and arrangement of the
wedge plate or block and shield, and hand rest, without the use of the
travelling plate or carriage and screw stem and cap, the said lugs on the
sides of the plane are omitted; and the plane iron, formed with the said
upper or reverse bevil, is inserted in the plane resting on the top of the
said standard, and is held or released by a wedge block of wood or other
suitable material formed with a rear central socket, in which engages,
so as to hold it in or release it from position, a bolt having a thumb
piece and a spiral or other suitable spring, and supported in bearings
projecting upward from a bottom plate of a horizontally and vertically
curved metallic shield and hand rest, curved out at the bottom of its rear
portion and curved on the sides to form at the bottom forward projec-
tions having straight vertical ends and curved top terminations or cams
which fit in the sides of the planes, which at the top central portion are
cut away and curved to receive the ends and cams of the said forward
projecting sides of the shield and hand rest, which sides are pivotted or
otherwise connected to the wedge block to allow the shield to turn over
the top of the wedge block to permit the adjustment or removal of the
latter when released by the withdrawal of the said bolt from the
socket.
The principal function of the bolt is to prevent the liability of the
forward projections of the shield tipping when the rear portion is turned.
down to bear upon the iron to firmly hold the wedge in position by
means of the lever-like action of the forward projections of the shield
against the sides of the plane, which serve as fulcrums to the cam-liko'
terminations.
Instead of the said bolt and spring a wedge block may be arranged
with a spring clutch or other suitable device for holding it or allowing
of its adjustment or removal.
By the arrangement of the wedge plate or block and shield, and hand
rest, together with the reverse bevil iron, as herein described, the iron is
:

page_text: inserted at a low angle, so as to be readily adjusted or withdrawn and
its cut readily varied, and the shield, which serves as a guard to protect
the operator's hand from friction on the plane as well as a handle, is
located near the mouth and centre of the plane, and prevents the rising
of the front of the plane, which is often liable to occur when the handle
is formed near the rear end of the plane as ordinarily.
A further improvement consists in providing a wooden plane with a
metallic bottom plate flanged upward at the sides and ends a sufficient
distance to receive the bottom of the plane, and attached to the sides
and ends of the plane by screws or rivets extending through the flanges
or connected with the plane by any other means which may be preferred
to protect the plane from rapid wear.
The improved metallic rabbet plane is formed with a metallic bottom
plate divided by a transverse moutli into two portions, connected at the
top by a curved bar or frame formed on one side of its rear portion with
a bottom inclined flange and an upper inclined flange, which slopes"
downward at the front toward the bottom flange, leaving a wedge-like
space between them, in which space is inserted a blade, the upper portion
of which is cut away or formed of less width than its lower portion on
one side at a sufficient distance to admit of its being inserted in the side.
of the plane. The blade or iron is formed with an upper or reverse
bevil bottom edge and rests on the bottom flange, which is formed at
the proper incline to receive the iron which is held by a wedge or block
which is inserted between it and the said upper inclined flange. Attached
to the plane at the rear is a wooden or other suitable handle. By this
arrangement the blade or iron and wedge block are much more con-
veniently and readily adjusted in the side of the plane than when they
are inserted as usual in the top of the plane and driven down, for in the
latter case after the blade is properly set it is very often liable to be
displaced by the driving in of the wedge, and considerable trouble
caused and time wasted in readjusting it.
In wooden rabbet planes the bottom edge of the frame running against
the angle of the rabbet soon becomes worn and uneven, and prevents
the true and smooth cutting of the rabbet, but by the above improve-
ment the edge being of iron or other suitable metal is not liable to be
worn so as to interfere with the effective operation of the plane. More-
over in a wooden rabbet plane a spur is necessarily made on its side in

page_text: front of the blade, so as to cut out the corner of a rabbet and clear the way
for the passage of the blade in order to cut a clean shaving. By forming
the iron with un upper or reverse bevil, as above described, the side edge.
of the bevil answers the purpose equally as well if not better than the
spur above mentioned, the formation of which is by these improvements.
therefore obviated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.
filed by the said Bristow Hunt in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th November 1874.
t
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRISTOW
HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
.
?
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her,
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty.
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,.
give and grant unto me, the said Bristow Hunt, Her special licence that
I, the said Bristow Hunt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Bristow Hunt, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES," (a com-c
munication to me from abroad by Joseph Fuller Baldwin, of Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America), upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Bristow Hunt, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say:-.
This Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in
planes, and has for its principal objects the providing of an economical,
durable, and effective plane, which will allow the ready adjustment and
secure holding of the plane iron, and diminish the weight of the material
and lessen the friction of the plane, and which will permit the removal
of an iron rest to shape its bevil to vary the angle of the iron; to
provide a suitable shield to support and guard the hand of the operator,
and to hold and allow the ready adjusting of the plane iron; the arrange-
ment of the plane and formation of the iron, so as to admit the latter to
be inserted at a low angle in the former; the providing of a durable
wooden plane; the production of a durable and economical rabbet plane,
true and effective in its operation, and which may be used either right
or left without varying its iron, and will allow the convenient and ready
adjustment of a block or wedge without disturbing the position of tho
iron. To effect these and other minor objects which will be herein-after
described, the present Invention consists,-
First. In a metallic plane formed with interior side lugs to receive
between them and the plane iron a metallic or other suitable wedge
formed to receive a screw operated to bear upon and securely hold the
iron, or to be readily released from the same to allow the release or
adjustment of the iron.
Second. In a plate or carriage arranged to connect with a plane iron
and a screw cap, the latter operating on an inclined screw stem or rod
to raise and lower the iron, so as to readily vary its cut.
Third. In a transverse plate or iron rest bevilled on its front, and
arranged to be readily adjusted in a plane or to be readily removed
therefrom to shape the bevil of the iron rest to allow the insertion of the a
iron at different angles, and formed at the rear to receive the end of an
inclined screw stem or rod.
Fourth. In a plane having a perforated metallic bottom to diminish
its weight and friction.
Fifth. In a metallic shield or hand guard and rest arranged to hold 3
or formed with a suitable wedge block or plate arranged to bo readily

page_text: adjusted to or readily removed from a plane, so as to securely hold or
allow the ready removal or adjustment of the plane iron.
t.
.
Sixth. In a plane iron formed with an upper or reverse bevil to admit
the insertion of the iron at a low angle in the plane.
...
Seventh. In a wooden plane provided with a metallic bottom to
increase its durability.
:
And, Lastly. In a metallic rabbet planc, arranged, as will be herein-
after more fully described, to admit the insertion or ready removal of a
wedge or block and iron in the side of the frame or bar of the plane, and
to secure the even, smooth, and close cutting of the rabbet.
On the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 represents a central longi-
tudinal vertical section of a plane showing one of the improved methods
of holding and adjusting the plane; Figure 2 is a bottom view; and
Figure 3, a top view of the wedge of the same.
Figure 4 is a central longitudinal vertical section of a plane with the
improved hand shield and rest applied; Figure 5 is a top view; and
Figure 6, a transverse vertical section of a portion of the same.
Figures 7 and 8 arc central longitudinal vertical sections of planes
showing modifications of the improved shield and hand rest, and method
of adjusting the plane iron.
Figures 9 and 10 are respectively a top view and a side view of the
shield and hand rest of Figures 7 and 8; Figure 11 is a side view; and
Figure 12, a transverse vertical section taken in line M, N, of a metallic
bottom plane.
Figure 13 is a horizontal section taken in line X, Y, showing a top
view of an improved rabbet plane; and Figure 14 is a side view; and
Figure 15, a transverse vertical section taken in line A, B, of the
same.
a represents the sides of a metallic bench plane, curved as shown, or
otherwise formed as desired, to extend upward from the ends to the
centre on either side of a metallic bottom 6 formed with openings c, or
otherwise perforated (as shewn in Figure 2), to lessen its weight and
diminish its friction, and yet allow a sufficient bearing on the material to
be worked, and having a transverse slót or mouth d, forward of which is a

page_text: transverse upright or finger rest e, and forward of which a knob ƒ may
if
desired be attached to the bottom of the plane. At the rear of the mouth
of the plane represented in Figure 1 is located a metallic transverse
block or iron rest h bevilled on the front at the desired angle to receive
the plane iron i, the bottom of which is thus supported and prevented
from bearing upon so as to break or injure the rear edge of the mouth d.
The rest or block h is attached to the bottom of the plane by screws or
otherwise, so as to be readily adjusted to the plane or readily removed
therefrom to shape the bevil to allow the plane iron to be inserted at
varying angles, and is formed on the rear with a central boss h¹, which:
receives the bottom end of an inclined screw stem or rod j, which
extends upwards through a transverse vertical standard k, notched out
at the centre of its top to allow the travel of a plate or carriage / formed
with an aperture 11 to receive a screw nut or head z of a screw z³,
which holds a cap iron to the plane iron i, which is formed as usual
with a longitudinal slot to receive the said screw 2¹. The plate or
carriage is formed at the rear with a downward extending yoke or bi-
furcated plate l¹¹, which engages in a groove n³ formed around a screw.cap
or nut n, which turns so as to travel on the upper or screw end of the
rodj; or the plate or carriage may if preferred be otherwise arranged
to regulate the plane iron; for instance, it may have, in addition to its
said rear flange or yoke " a forward downward flange 7" (as shown in
Figure 7), having an aperture to receive the stem or rod j, and be formed
on its top at the front with an upward stem o, which fits into an aper-
ture formed in the plane iron i, which, if desired, may be formed with
one or more supplementary apertures, one above the other, to permit
the placing of the iron higher or lower on the plate, according to the
wear of the iron.
The sides a of the planes shewn in Figures 1, 4, and 7, are formed on
the interior at a suitable distance at the rear and above the mouth d,
with lugs p; between which and the iron is inserted a metallic. or other
suitable wedge plate or block m.
In Figure 1 the wedge plate m is of metal or other suitable material
countersunk on its bottom, and curved in at the sides at the top or rear
to form a central curved tongue p', formed with a screw socket, which
receives a screw q, which when turned down bears upon the iron so as to
raise the rear of the wedge m and press its forward portion against so as

page_text: to firmly hold the iron in position, the said lugs p serving as a fulcrum
to the wedge.
The plane.shown in Figure 1 is provided with a wooden goose neck r,
or any other suitable handle or hand rest. By loosening the screw q the
wedge m is released to allow the adjustment or removal of the iron,
which is raised or lowered to vary its cut by the travelling of the plate 1,
induced by the screw nut or cap n operating on the screw stem or rod j,
as will readily be seen on reference being had to Figure 1.
In the modification illustrated in Figures 7 and 9 a wedge plate m is
curved at the rear or top to form a central screw socket p¹ to receive a
screw I and has its sides extended and curved horizontally and vertically
at the rear and top, as shown, to form a curved metallic or other suitable
shield or hand rest m³, an open space o¹ being left between the rear of
the wedge plate and its sides and bottom of the shield plate. This wedge
plate m (Figure 7) is inserted between the lugs p and the plane iron i,
which in this and other modifications illustrated in Figures 4 and 8 is
formed with an upper. or reverse bevil to allow the insertion of the
iron in the plane at a low angle. The wedge plate m is held and released
by the operation of the screw q, and the iron is adjusted by the screw.n,
as above described.
In place of the hand shield and rest and wedge plate, as above
described, a modification of the same, as illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and
6, may be used, in which modification a curved metallic shield and hand
rest m¹ is formed at the bottom with forward projecting tapering sides
or prongs m bevilled on the interior to receive the bevilled sides of the
upper or rear portion of a wooden or other suitable wedge block m curved
and bevilled at the rear to fit in the interior of the lower portion of the:
shield m¹. The wedge block m in Figure 4 is inserted between the lugs p.
and plane iron i, and the shield m¹ is adjusted at the rear so that its
prongs m¹¹ extend under the sides of the wedge block, and hold the same
to the iron or allow of its ready release. In this arrangement the
travelling plate or carriage 1, Figures 1 and 7, and the screw stem or
rod j, and cap n are dispensed with, and the plane iron i, which is formed
with an upper or reverse bevil 21, is simply inserted in the plane at the
desired angle, resting on the said transverse vertical standard k, and held
by the adjustment of the wedge block m and shield m', as above described.
By withdrawing the shield m' the wedge m is readily released to allow
the adjustment or removal of the iron.
.

page_text: In another modification of the construction and arrangement of the
wedge plate, or block and shield and hand rest, without the use of the
travelling plate or carriage and screw stem and cap (illustrated in
Figures 8 and 10) the lugs p on the sides of the planes shewn in
Figures 1, 4, and 7 are omitted, and the plane iron i formed with an
upper or reverse bevil 2 is inserted in the plane, resting on the top of
the said standard k, and is held or released by a wedge block m of wood
or other suitable material formed with a rear central socket 8, in which
engages so as to hold it in or release it from position a bolt t having a
thumb piece and a spiral or other suitable spring u, and supported in
bearings u¹ projecting upward from a bottom plate of a horizontally
and vertically curved metallic shield and hand rest m' curved out at the
bottom of its rear portion as at m¹¹¹, Figure 10, and curved on the sides
to form at the bottom forward projections having straight vertical ends
and curved top terminations or cams y, which fit in the sides of the
planes, which at the top central portion are cut away and curved, as
shown at y', Figure 8, to receive the ends and cams of the said forward
projecting sides of the shield and hand rest m', which sides are pivotted
as at w, or otherwise connected to the wedge block m to allow the
shield m¹ to turn over the top of the wedge block to permit the adjust-
ment or removal of the latter when released by the withdrawal of the
said bolt from the socket s.
The principal function of the bolt is to prevent the liability of the
forward projections of the shield tipping when the rear portion is turned
down to bear upon the iron to firmly hold the wedge in position by
means of the lever-like action of the forward projections of the shield
against the sides of the plane, which serve as fulcrums to the cam-liko
terminations.
Instead of the, bolt t and spring a wedge block may be arranged,
with a spring clutch or other suitable device for holding it or allowing of
its adjustment or removal.
By the arrangement of the wedge plate or block and shield and hand
rest, together with the reverse bevil iron as herein described, the iron is
inserted at a low angle so as to be readily adjusted or withdrawn, and its
cut readily varied, and the shield, which serves as a guard to protect the
operator's hand from friction on the plane as well as a handle, is located
near the mouth and centre of the plane, and prevents the rising of the

page_text: front of the plane, which is often liable to occur when the handle is
formed near the rear end of the plane, as ordinarily.
A further improvement, illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, consists in
providing a wooden plane with a metallic bottom plate a' flanged upward
at the sides and ends a sufficient distance to receive the bottom of the
planc, and attached to the sides and ends of the plane by screws or
rivets a extending through the. flanges or connected with the plane by
any other means which may be preferred to protect the plane from rapid.
wear.
The improved metallic rabbet plane, illustrated in Figures 13, 14, and
15, is formed with a metallic bottom plate A, divided by a transverse.
mouth B into two portions, connected at the top by a curved bar or
frame C formed on one side of its rear portion with a bottom inclined
flange D and an upper inclined flange E, which slopes downward at the
front toward the bottom flange D, leaving a wedge-like space between
them, in which space is inserted a blade F, the upper portion of which is
cut away or formed of less width that its lower portion F' on one side
at a sufficient distance to admit of its being inserted in the side of the
plane. The blade or iron F is formed with an upper or reverse bevil
bottom edge, and rests on the bottom flange D, which is formed at
the proper incline to receive the iron, which is held by a wedge or
block m inserted between it and the flange E. Attached to the plane at
the rear is a wooden or other suitable handle H. It will be readily seen
that by this arrangement the blade or iron F and block m are much
more conveniently and readily adjusted in the side of the plane than
when they are inscrted, as usual, in the top of the plane, and driven
down; for in the latter case, after the blade is properly set, it is very
often liable to be displaced by the driving in of the wedge, and con-
siderable trouble caused and time wasted in readjusting it.
In wooden rabbet planes the bottom edge of the frame, running
against the angle of the rabbet, soon becomes worn and uneven, and
prevents the true and smooth cutting of the rabbet; but by the above
improvement, the edge, being of iron or other suitable metal, is not liable
to be worn so as to interfere with the effective operation of the plane.
Morcover in a wooden rabbet plane a spur is necessarily made on its side
in front of the blade so as to cut out the corner of a rabbet, and clear
the way for the passage of the. blade in order to cut a clean shaving.
.

page_text: By forming the iron with an upper or reverse bevil, as above described,
the side edge of the bevil answers the purpose equally as well if not
better than the spur above mentioned, the formation of which is by these
improvements therefore obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
objects of the said Invention, together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion that (without being confined to the precise
details described and shown), I claim as the Invention communicated to
me by the above-named Joseph Fuller Baldwin, the hercin-before
described improvements in planes, substantially as described and as.
illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Thirteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.