CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
HEYWOOD, of Throstle Nest Mills, Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of January, in the
eleventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Henry Heywood, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her.
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Henry
Heywood, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Henry
Heywood, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,..
within that part of Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-.
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Henry
Heywood, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, upon reference
being thereunto had, shall more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Henry Heywood, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried into effect,
is particularly set forth and ascertained in and by these Presents, reference
being had unto the Drawings thereunto annexed, which Drawings are made to
the scale marked thereon, the same letters or figures of reference being used to
indicate the same parts of the various Figures there delineated, that is to
say:
"
My Invention consists of a more simple, efficient, and compact arrangement
of the machinery and apparatus made use of in looms for weaving, refering
more particularly to that class of looms known as "power looms," in which
I have altogether dispensed with many parts heretofore deemed essential, and
have introduced various novel. methods of effecting the ordinary operations
required in weaving, and of performing the subsequent operations by which
the loom is rendered self-acting, and the various parts thereof, together with
the warp, the weft, and the cloth, preserved from injury, should any derange-
ment of the uniform motions of the loom occur. The ordinary operations
required in.weaving are, three in number, and consist, firstly, in opening
the sheds of the warp alternately by the elevation and depression of the
headles; secondly, in driving the shuttle through each shed when, opened
from the right hand to the left, alternately; and, thirdly, in causing the
lay, or slay with the reed to proceed forward and strike up the weft, and
immediately to recede nearly to the headles. The subsequent operations
required, are, first, preserving the cloth of an equal. and uniform width, as
woven; secondly, causing. the cloth to be wound or delivered upon the cloth
beam in regular progression; thirdly, stopping the loom should the shuttle
remain in the shed, or fail to traverse from one shuttle box to the other;
fourthly, stopping the. loom should the weft become exhausted or broken;
fifthly, preserving the warp threads from injury whenever the loom is brought
to a state of rest; and, sixthly, preserving the framing of the loom, and the
machinery or apparatus connected therewith, from any shock or damage.
whensoever, the motion of the loom is arrested from any of the aforesaid
causes. And I wish it to be understood that the improvements which I have
introduced for effecting, these, scries of operations differ materially from all.
former. improvements in this, that while other Inventors have sought to effect.
their purpose by the addition of various appliances to the loom, I have acted
upon. the opposite principle, and removing many of the complex and cumbrous
arrangements heretofore. made use of, have not only reduced the first cost of
the machine, but am also able to drive the loom at a higher speed than.

page_text: hitherto attained, increasing in the same ratio as its speed its powers of pro-
duction, or the amount of duty which it is able to perform, the whole of
which improvements will be more readily understood by the following:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The Figures on the various Drawings consist chiefly of elevations, plans,.
and sections of power looms, and of such parts thereof as can be represented.
with greater perspicuity detached from the machines. In Drawing No. 1,
Figs. 1 and 2 are side elevations of a loom. Fig. 1 is an elevation of that
side upon which the driving pullies are placed, and Fig. 2 is an elevation of that
side from which I obtain the movements required to effect the first operation
in weaving, or that of opening the sheds of the warp by the alternate
elevation and depression of the headles. In connection with these Figures it will
be necessary to refer to Figs. 3 and 4, Drawing No. 2, in which Fig. 3 is an
elévation of that end on which the cloth beam is placed, and Fig. 4 is a longi-
tudinal section of a loom, and also to Fig. 5, Drawing No. 3, which is a plan
or a bird's-eye view of a loom. In these Figures, A is the ordinary crank
shaft, from which an alternating motion is conveyed to the lay or slay V; upon
this shaft are placed the wheels 1 and 2, communicating motion to the wheels
3 and 4, one of which I place upon studs or bearings upon each side of the
loom frame. The number of teeth in these wheels are so arranged that for
every single revolution made by them, the wheels 1 and 2 upon the crank
shaft make two revolutions, and it is from these wheels 3 and 4 that I obtain
the "headles" and "picker" movements, whereby I am able to dispense with
the tappet shaft and all its appendages. The wheel 3, see Fig. 2, is furnished'
with a crank pin B, adjustable at pleasure, which, as the wheel revolves,
conveys, through the connecting rod B', an alternating motion to the lever B³
upon the shaft C; this shaft extends transversely across the loom immediately.
beneath the headles, and through the action of the lever B³ receives a partial
rotation in opposite directions alternately. Upon the shaft Care placed the
sectors C and C, which receive alternately an amount of elevation and
depression corresponding with the partial rotation of the shaft C, which alter-.
nate elevation and depression is conveyed through the straps C3 and C, to the
handles D', D³, which are also attached in the ordinary manner to rollers upon
the upper transverse shaft D, the warp threads a, a; being passed through the
eyes of the headles D', D³, and their alternate elevation and depression being
performed as described, the first operation in weaving, or that of opening
the shed of the warp, is effected. To all persons conversant with looms it will
at orice be evident that I have dispensed entirely with the täppet shaft, its

page_text: .
treadles, levers, and other appliances, substituting therefor the arrangements
just exhibited, which in addition to their simplicity and economy, have also
the advantage of being easy of access at any time, and being immediately
under the eye of the operative, any derangement can be readily detected and
remedied. As this principle of working the headles by means of a transverse
shaft placed immediately beneath them admits of many modifications; I have
shewn so many as I think can be advantageously employed. In Figs.
8 and 9, Drawing No. 5, which are elevations of each side of a loom, I place
the pinions 1 and 2 upon the crank shaft A, and also the spur wheels. 3 and 4,
before mentioned, one upon each side of the loom; on the axes of each of
these spur
wheels I place the excentrics 6, 6, the centres of which are placed
diametrically opposite to each other; these excentrics act upon the levers:
C³ and Co, suspended from the framing by the pins b, b; to these levers
I attach the bands C7, C8, which are also secured to the transverse shaft C in
any convenient manner; on this shaft I place the spur wheels 5 and 6, gearing
into the upright racks D³ and D', to which racks the headles D¹ and D³ are
connected in the manner shown, or in any other suitable way. Motion being
communicated to the crank shaft, and through the pinion 2 imparted to the
wheel 4, the lever Co, see Fig. 9, is acted upon by the excentric 63, and caused
to recede from the centre of the wheel 4 to the greatest possible extent,
thereby uncoiling the band C³, which was bound upon the transverse shaft C,
imparting a partial rotation thereto, and raising the rack D' with its headles to
its greatest elevation. So soon as this is accomplished the excentric 6¹, see
Fig. 8, begins to act upon the lever C, and uncoiling the band C, causes the
transverse shaft C to rotate in the opposite direction, winding the band C³ upon
the shaft C, depressing the rack D', and elevating the rack D³, with its headles
to its greatest height. One of each of these racks, be it observed, is placed
within the framing on either side of the loom, and the alternate elevation and
depression of these racks carrying the headles being accomplished with every
revolution of the wheels 3 and 4, the shed of the warp is effected with facility
and precision. Another modification is exhibited at Fig. 10, Drawing No: 6.
In this case I make use of an excentric &, which, by means of the connecting
rod b, imparts an alternating motion' to the transverse shaft C, through the
lever B², which is attached thereon, the elevation and depression of the headles
being effected by means of the wheels 5 and 6, and racks D³, D', as before
described. A further modification of this principle is also exhibited in Figs 12
and 13, Drawing No. 7. Upon either side of the spur wheel 3, receiving motion
from the pinion I upon the crank shaft A, as before mentioned, I place the
fixed excentrics or cams 6 and 66; their positions are exactly the reverse of

page_text: each other, as will be seen by referring to Fig. 25, which is a detached view of
the wheel and cams. The cam b' is placed upon the outer, and the cam 6º is
placed upon the inner or loom side of the wheel 3, and these cams as the
wheel 3 revolves alternately elevate and depress these levers C", CB, whose
fulcrum is on the loom side at C. To the ends of these levers are attached the
chains and rods C, C", which rods and chains are also secured at their further
extremities to the transverse shaft C, to which they impart a partial rotation
in opposite directions alternately. The elevation and depression of the headles is
effected: by means of the racks, &c. as before described. Figure 14 is a further
modification of the same principle. I dispense with the racks D³. D*, and in
their places employ the straps d', d, which connect the upright standards
d, d', to which the headles are attached, with the pullies &³, d, on the trans-
verse shaft C; the partial rotation of this shaft in opposite directions causes the
straps to be wound and unwound upon the peripheries of the pullies &³, d®,
alternately, and thus acting upon the standards d³, d', effects a corresponding
elevation and depression of the headles.
My improvements which relate to the second operation of weaving, or that
of throwing the shuttle through each shed, as opened from the right hand to
the left. alternately, are exhibited in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, Drawings Nos. 1,
2, and 3, and..under various modifications in all the other Figures where the
side and end elevation of looms. are delineated, and also in the detached
Figs. 15 and 16, Drawing No. 5. These improvements consist in obtaining
the requisito movement of the picking lever from the spur wheels 3 and 4,
before mentioned, placed one on each side of the loom. Referring to Fig. 2;
e is a lever suspended from the loom framing by a stud in any convenient
manner, motion being imparted to it by a small roller E placed upon the loom
side of the wheel 3, best seen detached in the side view and plan, shewn in
Figs. 15 and 16, Drawing No.. 5. This lever. is shewn with a moveable pro-
jection or swelle, which as the wheel revolves.is brought into contact with
the roller E, and. by it removed from. the vertical. into an oblique position,
effecting a partial rotation of. the upright picking shaft F, on which is placed
the quadrant f, to which it is connected by means of the strap or band f¹.
Upon the top of the upright shaft is placed the picking lever F¹, to which is
affixed the ordinary connection with the picker in the shuttle box. It will be
observed therefore, that upon the roller E forcing the lever e³ from the vertical
position, its immediate action upon the upright shaft F, by means of the
quadrant. and strap. f; causes the picking lever to effect a partial rotation,.
and throw the shuttle through the shed into the opposite shuttle box, in order
to effect. its return through the shed when next opened into the shuttle box

page_text: from which it was first thrown. The wheel 4 upon the other side of the loom
is furnished with a roller exactly similar to the wheel 3, from which motion is
imparted to the lever &, and through the band f to the quadrant f, and
upright shaft F 2, and so on as before described to the picker in the shuttle
box, by which means the shuttle is thrown into the box from which it was first
driven, preparatory to making another pick. These operations are performed
with great rapidity, and are so regulated that the shuttle is thrown through
each shed as opened from the right hand to the left alternately with the nicest
precision. In Fig. 6, Drawing No. 4, a modification of this method of working
the picking levers is shewn; instead of placing, the levers c³, es, one on each
side of the loom, I place them both upon the same side as that from which I
obtain the headle's movement, the wheel 3 being furnished upon the inner side
with a roller E as before described, and the requisite motion communicated to
the picking lever upon the opposite side of the loom by means of a strap or
band communicating therewith across the loom in the ordinary manner. In
Drawing No. 7, Figs. 12 and 13, I have shewn a further modification, which
consists in placing a cam F upon the wheel 4, and working the picking
motion therefrom, as in the manner last described. The letters of reference
being the same as in the other Drawings, and the band for working the opposite
picking levers being passed across the loom in any convenient manner, the
general arrangements will be readily understood from the Drawings without
further description. In Drawing No. 6, Figs. 10 and 11, I have shewn the
manner, in which I work a loom, having only one picking lever placed beneath
the cloth, between the slay swords and cloth beam. On the axes of the wheel 3
I place an excentric or crank O, imparting through the rod O' an alternating
motion to the lever 0 suspended from the framing. This lever is connected
by the rod 03 to the bell crank lever O', to which it imparts a corresponding
amount of motion, which is again transferred through the rod O³ to the picking
lever 0%, which, being connected to the pickers in the shuttle boxes in the
usual manner, the throw of the shuttle through each shed is effected.
In the third operation of weaving, or that of causing the lay or slay with
the reed to proceed forward and strike up the weft, and again to recede nearly
to the headles, I employ the ordinary connecting rod between the crank and
the slay sword, as made use of in other looms; but owing to the reduction of
friction arising from the removal of various parts dependant upon the arrange-
ments I am about to describe, the loom may be driven at a higer rate of speed
than formerly attained, which may be said to comprise an important improve-
ment in effecting this operation. I would here remark, that supposing the
warp and weft to be properly supplied, the three operations I have just

page_text: described are all that are required to produce or weave any plain fabric; but as
the perfection of the power loom consists in being self-regulating while weaving
and self-arresting when any derangement of its inachinery occurs, it will be
evident that contrivances calculated to effect these purposes deserve the
highest consideration, inasmuch as upon them the efficiency of the loom
greatly depends. Having this as my object, I have so constructed the power
loom that the shuttle race is as unobstructed and free from incumbrances as
in the hand loom; the swell in the shuttle box is entirely removed, and with it
the stop rod and its appendages. Instead of throwing the momentum of the
loom when arrested entirely upon the frog on the loom side, I dispenso with
the frog altogether, and throw the momentum upon the springs or other.
attachment, by which the temple is secured to the loom, which by a simul-
taneous action liberate a series of levers and relieve the warp threads from
tension, which in their loosened state are preserved from breakage or injury:
The fork and grid contrivance, known as "Kenworthy's weft motion;" I also
dispense with, and by a cheap and simple apparatus applicable to all looms
arrest their progress whenever the weft is absent or broken. In order to
keep the cloth of an equal and uniform width as it is woven, I employ
my improved self-acting temple, seen in Drawings No. 1, 2, and 3, and
separately at Figs. 17 and 23, Drawing No. 3. This temple consists of
a flat bar J, having at each end the metal rollers J', J, the surfaces of
which are rough and uneven, in order to obtain a more perfect hold upon
the cloth. These rollers are secured in their places by the end pieces
Js, J., which are held to the bar J by the set screws J³, Jo. The cloth is passed
over the rollers J', J, and beneath the bar J', which stretches across it from
each of the end pieces J³, J, and preserves it from creases throughout its
entire width. As the cloth has a continuous advancing motion from the taking
up, the rollers J, J, are subject to a slow rotation, and their rough surfaces
laying hold of the selvages of the cloth keep it in constant tension, whereby it
is preserved of an equal and uniform width throughout. This temple is
connected to the upright springs J, J, which afford it an amount of easy
vibration, and preserve it from injury whenever the loom is suddenly stopped,
or any derangement of the working parts occur. I would observe, however,
that I can dispense with the supporting springs Jo, J, and attach the temple'
to the arrangement of levers shown at Fig. 26, Drawing No. 3, where Ja is a
right-angle or bell-crank lever moving upon its fulcrum at J", the upright
arm of which supports the temple in any convenient manner, while the
horizontal arm is by the weight T sufficiently counterpoised to keep the
temple in its proper position. Whenever the shuttlo is caught in the shed,

page_text: the temple is thrown towards the cloth beam, but recovers its position so soon
as the shuttle is withdrawn, the weighted arm of the lever Js having a constant
tendency to enable.it.to resume its proper. place.. A pair of these bell-crank
levèrs are required. to each temple in lieu of the two springs J and J... My
taking-up motion, by which the cloth is. delivered:on the cloth beam in regular
progression is exhibited in the various Figures on the Drawings Nos. 1, 2,
and 8; and separately at Fig. 18, Drawing No. 1. I would observe, however,
that my-taking-up motion differs from all others in this, 'that I obtain it from
a screw thread or wheel upon the crank shaft instead of. from the slay.sword,
as has hitherto been universally the case under various modifications. Upon
the-crank shaft A, I place the screw thread g, imparting motion.to the worm
wheel g, upon the shaft G. The number of teeth in this wheel correspond
with the number of picks or threads of weft in a quarter of an inch of cloth,
which, supposing to be sixteen, it would require sixteen revolutions of the
crank shaft A to produce one revolution of the wheel g'. Lower down on the
shaft G is the screw thread 93 gearing into the wheel g³ upon the shaft of the
einery roller H, or it may be placed upon the cloth beam I; for every revolu-
tion of the shaft G this wheel is advanced one tooth, which is sufficient to
.lap one quarter of an inch of cloth from the emery roller H-on the-cloth beam
I in the ordinary manner. It is worthy of observation, that this motion is.
uniform and continuous, that it does not advance by fits and starts as in the
old method where the slay sword and monkey tail are employed, and that it
. does not depend upon the arrangement and action of dogs, catches, and ratchet
wheels, which were continual causes of derangement and delay. Beneath the
shaft G will be observed the lever h, whose fulcrum is at h¹; one arm of this
lever passes beneath the shaft G, which rests upon it; and whenever the other
arm is depressed by means of the handle and rod h, the shaft G is raised
sufficiently high to lift the worm wheel g' out of gear with the screw thread,
upon, the crank shaft A, as seen. in Fig. 18, Drawing No. 1. In this state
the operative by turning the handle 'g upon the shaft G can cause any required
quantity of cloth to be unwound from the cloth beam I, which being done the
shaft G may be permitted to resume its proper position, and the weaving pro-
ceed as usual. In cases where the weaver wishes to examine the cloth, this
will be found of very great advantage, as a small portion may be unwound-and
replaced without any derangement and with very little delay. A modification.
of this principle is seen at Fig. 19, Drawing No. 1. 9 is the screw thread
upon the crank shaft A, and gis. the 'pinion containing the same number of
teeth as there are threads of .weft contained in a quarter of an inch of cloth;
but instead of being placed upon the oblique shaft G, it is placed upon the
g

page_text: vertical shaft G¹, motion being communicated to the shaft G, upon which is
placed the screw thread q², working into the wheel 9* upon the emery roller by
means of the mitre bével wheels 98 and 9º. In order to disengage the shaft G
the bevel wheel g' is thrown out of gear with the bevel 9 by the catch box g'
and lever g. This being done the cloth can be unwound from the cloth.beam
I with equal facility as in the method first' described.
b
An improved 'description of taking-up motion for looms, in which the taking-
up is obtained from the slay sword, is shewn in Figs..6 and 20, Drawing. No. 4.
¹ is the slay sword, to which is affixed the monkey tail K, working the lever
K' with an alternating motion. This lever moves upon its fulcrum K', and
for every throw of the slay sword causes the catch or dog K³, attached to its
upper arm, to advance one or two teeth upon the ratchet wheel K+, imparting
to it an amount of rotation equal to the travel of the catch K. Upon the
axis of this ratchet wheel is placed the pinion R', imparting motion to the
wheel R upon the axis of the emery roller H, upon which it revolves,
loosely connected with or cast solid. Upon the wheel R is the pinion i,
which imparts motion to the planet wheel cast upon the outer case of, the
wheel, which is secured on the axis of the emery roller, which 'case is
removed in the side elevation shewn in Fig. 6, in order to afford greater
perspicuity, but is shewn in Fig. 20, which is a vertical transverse section.
The chief. features in this improvement consist in the application of the sun
and planet movements for the purpose of obtaining a positive taking-up motion
in power looms, and although it works with great exactitude, still I do
not consider it equal to the taking-up motions before described, which
are obtained from the crank shaft. In order to arrest the progress of, the
loom, should the shuttle remain in the shed, or fail to traverse from one
shuttle box to the other, I make use of the system of horizontal levers L'L',
seen attached to the loom in Drawings 1, 2, and 3, and separately in
Figs. 21, 22, and 28, Drawing No. 3. These levers have their fulcrums at I, I,
and are connected with each other by the pin ; any action or motion which
may be given to one of them will therefore be immediately imparted to the
other in a corresponding degree. These levers are attached to the springs
Jo; Jo, or other attachment which supports the temple by the rods P, P, and
when the shuttle continues to traverse the shed with regularity will assume
the position represented at Fig. 21; when however the shuttle remains in the
shed, or fails to enter the shuttle box, it is caught between the reed V³ and
the bar of the temple J', as shewn in Fig. 23, or between the reed and one
of the end pieces of the temple J³, J.. When this is the case the momentum.

page_text: of the crank by which the alternating motion of the lay or slay with the reed
is effected, causes the reed V³ to press the shuttle W against the bar J', or
end pieces of the temple J, J, and. the resistance of the springs J, J, or
other attachment of the temple being overcome, it is pushed so far towards
the breast beam of the loom as to admit of the levers L, L, assuming
the position represented at Fig. 22, by which means the finger L³, attached to
the lever L, is brought in contact with the spring lever L³, which is thrown out
of the catch, in which it was held, and falling into the catch effects the
stoppage of the loom, shifting the driving strap A³ from the fast pulley A' to the
loose pulley A, by acting upon the lever L' in the ordinary manner: 'It will
therefore be evident that should the shuttle remain in the shed while
the reed V is beating up, the stoppage of the loom must immediately take
place, for.should the shuttle W' be caught between one of the end pieces of the
temple and the reed V2; and thus one of the temple springs or other attach-
ment only be acted upon, still, owing to. the uniformity of action which the
lovers L, L, possess, the driving strap would be shifted from the fast to the
loose pulley as, effectually as if the shuttle had stopped in the middle of the
shed. To all persons conversant with power looms it will at once appear that
I have dispensed with the swell.in the shuttle box, the springs, and appendages
used therewith, and in connection with the stop rod and frog, in order to
effect the stoppage of the loom when the shuttle remains in the shed, and that
the shuttle box is as free from incumbrances and as unobstructed as in the
ordinary hand loom.
My improvements by which I'effect the stoppage of the loom when the
weft in the shuttle becomes exhausted or broken, are represented attached
to, the loom in Drawings No. 1, 2, 3, and 4, and separately at Fig. 24,
Drawing No. 4.. Attached to the transverse shaft C, immediately without the
framing, and. on that side of the loom upon which the driving pullies are
placed, is the upright arm or lever M. This lever receives from the shaft C a
certain amount of vibratory motion, which it communicates to the horizontal
lever M'. This lever M¹ is provided with a fork m. at the end nearest the
front of the loom, within; the arms of which the spring lever L³, made use of
for, stopping the loom, is placed. Owing to the vibrations of the lever M, the
bottom of this: fork mis, continually advancing. to and receding from the
lever L³, and when the lever M.is in a position nearest the front of the loom,
it is brought nearly into contact, with it, resting upon the under surface of the
cloth. Immediately in front of the temple is the obtuse point n of the
lever N.. This lover has its fulcrum at n', n,. on either side of the loom,

page_text: the connection being effected by the transverse shaft n³, on the centro
of which it is secured. Depending from the shaft n³, upon that side of
the loom on which is placed the lever M, is the arm N¹, to which is
attached, by a small cord or chain, the pin or bolt N2. The pin N2 is upon
one side, and the arm N¹ is upon the other side of the spring lever L³, through
an opening or slot in which the cord or chain n', which connects them with
each other, is passed. This 'pin, it will be observed, is suspended immediately
over the fork m of the lever M, and their combined action is as follows:
The obtuse point n of the lever N continually rests upon the under surface of
the cloth, as shewn, so long' as the weft is properly supplied, but when the
supply of weft fails, by the weft being broken or the shuttle becoming exhausted
so soon as three or four picks have been made, the cloth being continuously.
taken up, will be removed from above the obtuse point n, which will then
protrude through and above the warp threads, and by a simultaneous action
the arm N', to which the pin N2 is attached, will be depressed, and the pin. N
will fall into the fork m of the lever M. The bottom of the fork of this lever.
will therefore come into contact with the pin N, and in order to complete
its traverse, will force it against the spring lever L, which, by the blow struck,
will be thrown from the catch into the catch &, as before described, and
shifting the driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley, effect the instan-
taneous stoppage of the loom. In order to slacken the warp threads when
the shuttle is caught in the shed, I place the levers P, P', see Drawings No.
1, 2, and 3, and Figs. 21, 22, and 23, Drawing No. 3, which are detached
representations, whose fulcrums are at t, t¹, one on each side of the loom, im-
Imediately within the framing. These levers are furnished with rollers t³, t³,
which rest immediately beneath the horizontal levers L, L', so long as the
motions of the loom are uninterrupted and. uniform. The opposite arms of
these levers support the uprights T, T', to which are attached the brackets,
,, carrying the transverse rods s', s³. The warp a, a, from the yarn beam
is passed over the rods, and beneath the rods, which is a fixture extending.
across the loom from either side, and is then carried over the rod s¹ to the.
headles. Whenever therefore-the shuttle W' is caught in the shed, and the
levers L, L, are thrown into the position represented at Fig. 22, it will be
seen that they are thrown from off the rollers t³, t³, which causes the arms of
the levers s, s', carrying, the warp threads to fall, and the warp, threads relieved
from tension assume the slackened and loose appearance shewn at Fig. 23.
In order to prevent any shock or damage to the various parts of the loom,
when any interruption to its uniform motions occur, it will be observed that
the improvements which I have just described are arranged to work so harmo-

page_text: niously together as to relieve any shock or strain which might arise from the
stoppage of the loom. When the shuttle traps or is caught in the shed, the
yielding nature of the temple attachment, acting in conjunction with the appa-
ratus for slackening the warp threads, prevents alike the temple and the reed
from receiving injury, while the rapidity with which the stoppage of the
loom is effected, and the various parts are liberated from action, prevents
the necessity.for applying any brake or resisting medium to the fly wheel. In
looms where the stop rod and frog are still in use, I break the concussion by
means of the rod X attached to the frog Y, which. being pressed against the
spring Z whenever the finger of the stop rod Z' comes in contact with the notch
in the frog Y, the elastic resistance of the spring Z counteracts the concussion
to which the momentum of the slay V coming in contact with the frog,
would subject the loom, and permits its stoppage to be effected without any
damage resulting from its arrested motion.
Having therefore fully described the nature of my Invention of "Certain
Improvements in Looms for Weaving," and the manner in which the same is
to be performed and carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details or particular arrangements .hcrein spe-
cified, so long as the peculiar features of my Invention, or any one of them,
are preserved; neither do I claim any of the ordinary and well-known parts of
looms which are described and illustrated in connection with my improvements.
But what I claim as new, and of my Invention, is,-
Firstly, the application of a wheel or wheels placed upon one or both sides
of the loom (and driven from a wheel or wheels upon the crank shaft), fur-
nished with the apparatus as described for conveying to the headles the
motions required to produce the shed of the warp, and to impart to the picking
levers the momentum requisite to effect the throw of the shuttle through such
shed when opened.
Secondly, the methods of imparting a partial rotation in opposite directions
alternately to a shaft placed beneath the headles. transversely of the loom by
means of the connecting rod, cranks, and levers, or by the cams and levers, as
described, or any mere modification of the same, whereby the elevation and
depression of the headles is effected from the partial rotation of such transverse
shaft.
Thirdly, the method of working the headles from the transverse shaft, as
illustrated and described.
Fourthly, the methods of working the picking levers for the purpose
of throwing the shuttle by means of the cams, levers, and excentrics, as
described..
'

page_text: Fifthly, the application of loose or moveable: swells to the levers used for
imparting motion to the picking levers.
:
...!.
Sixthly, the improved construction of temple, whereby the cloth is pre-
served of an equal and uniform width as woven, the peculiar features of
which are, the rod or bar stretching entirely across the cloth in lieu of the
guiding finger heretofore employed, and the metal rollers with rough arbrasive
surfaces, but devoid of any points or teeth whereby an incision is made in:
the cloth..
Seventhly, the improved system of taking up the cloth as woven, or any
modification thereof, in which the requisite motion is first obtained from a
screw thread or wheel upon the crank shaft, and afterwards transmitted to the
emery roller or cloth beam instead of from the slay sword and monkey tail,
as heretofore practised.
Eighthly, the application of a sun and planet wheel for the purpose of pro-
ducing a positive taking-up motion in power looms where the taking up is
obtained from the slay sword and monkey tail.
Ninthly, the peculiar arrangement of levers, or any modification thereof;
connected to the springs or other attachment of the temple to the loom,
whereby the driving strap is thrown from the fast to the loose pulley,
and the stoppage of the loom is effected whenever the shuttle is caught in
the shed, between the ends of the temple, or the transverse bar thereof and
the reed.
:
Tenthly, the method of stopping the loom whenever the weft is absent or
broken by means of an obtuse, point or pin resting immediately beneath the
surface of the cloth when the weft is properly supplied, and protruding be-
tween and above the warp threads whenever the weft is deficient, acting in
conjunction with the apparatus described, or any modification thereof, for
traversing the driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley, and thus effecting
the stoppage of the loom.
Eleventhly, the arrangement of levers placed on each side of the loom,
within the framing, whereby the warp threads are liberated from tension
whenever the shuttle is caught in the shed, or fails to complete its traverse, as
described.
'
Twelfthly, the general arrangements, whereby the loom is preserved from
5 breakage or injury whenever its momentum is arrested, as also the application
of a spring acted upon by a rod or finger from the frog upon the loom side,
for effecting this purpose in looms where the stop rod and frog are still made
use of; the whole of which being, to the best of my knowledge and belief
new, and never before practised in that part of Her said Majesty's United

page_text: Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dóminion. of
Vales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I deliver this as my true and
üithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Heywood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.