IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING RANGES, AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE Прит
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrioch Whyte of Bo'ness, in the County of
Linlithgow, North Britain for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING RANGES, AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE
Притво
THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrioch Whyte at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1882.
JOHN GARRIOCH WHYTE of Bo'ness in the County of Linlithgow North Britain
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING RANGES AND OTHER
DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE GRATES
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the Form and Construction of
Cooking Ranges, Room Grates and Stoves, whereby Complete Combustion is
ensured, of the Gases generated from the Fuel; the Emission of Smoke is reduced to
a minimum, Great Economy of Fuel is effected, a Plentiful Supply of Hot Water
is obtained for Bath, Domestic and Heating purposes without any danger of Boiler
Explosions, the Direction and Intensity of the heat is under Complete Control of
the operator, the Cheerful Glow and Roasting Advantages of an Open Fire Range,
are combined with those of a Close Range, Building and Setting of Ranges is
rendered unnecessary; and the Manipulation of Fire Grates generally is greatly
simplified.
An essential feature of this invention, is a Revolving Fire Basket which is
adapted for Kitchen or Room Grates. It may be constructed of any convenient
shape, but preferably in the form of a Hollow Cylinder set horizontally, and made
to revolve at will on journals or bearings at each end, by means of moveable
handles inserted in notches on the ends or sides of the Fire Basket. The ends are
solid discs with circular hollow journals in the centres; the cylinder consisting of
a series of circular bars, in two sections two solid plates, and two openings which
These
serve at will as flues or as charging doors for the supply of fresh fuel.
openings may be diminished or closed at will by means of sliding or folding doors.
When the fire is being replenished the fire basket is caused to revolve outwards

page_text: until an opening is brought round sufficiently to insert the fresh fuel, the sliding
or folding doors are then closed and secured, and the fire basket is then made to
revolve so that the second opening is turned upwards to act as a flue, while the
active fuel formerly in the fire basket is thus above the fresh fuel.
arrangement the gases generated from the fresh fuel fresh fuel, passes through the
active fire before reaching the outlet flue, which ensures their Complete Com-
bustion, and thereby prevents the emission of Smoke.
By this
Where it is desired to radiate the heat outwards for roasting purposes, or for
heating apartments, air may be admitted into the interior of, or behind the fire basket
by means of a perforated tube with slide attachment at either end for regulating or
closing out the admission of air. The fire is thus made less dependent on the front
grating for its supply of oxygen, and is thereby enabled to radiate beat outwards,
much more powerfully than when all the air passes in by the front. This tube
may if desired communicate with the outside atmosphere.
An alternative arrangement whereby air may be admitted behind the fire
consists of an air chamber passing under and behind the fire basket, the admission
of air to which is regulated by a ventilator with slide attachment placed under the
fire basket.
A notable feature of the Revolving Fire Basket is that no part of the hot plate
or cooking utensils thereon, require to be removed or displaced, while the fire is
being replenished; and it also enables the operator to concentrate at will the direct
blow of the flame as it leaves the fire, upon the hot plato, ovens, or or hot water
apparatus
Perfect control is also obtained over the direction of the flame through the oven
flues, by means of a single compound damper, placed along the upper corner of the
oven at the side next to the fire, which by turning one lever or handle, closes one_
flue while opening another, and the flame passes at once over, or under the-oven at
will, thereby enabling the operator to concentrate the heat upon_the_upper_or_
under surface of the dish or joint being cooked, and ensuring its being equally fired
throughout.
The Revolving fire basket may be adapted to heat the High Pressure and other
Boilers in ordinary use, but a special feature of my invention is an apparatus,
whereby hot water is supplied with greater Safety Rapidity and Economy than
hitherto It consists of a tube which passes through the centre of the fire basket,
and if desired returned along the outside of, or coiled behind the exit opening of the
fire basket; both ends being connected to a circulating cistern situated at any con-
venient distance. The amount of tube surface thus exposed to the fire, causes the
water within to heat and circulate rapidly, while the water being in small volume
at the heating point point, being in constant circulation and the cistern not being
under pressure, the chances of accidents from explosion are reduced to a minimum';
while even in the event of an explosion only a small portion of the tube could be
rent, which could not be attended with danger.
In my Improved Range I place the ashes pan within a few inches below the
fire basket, thus leaving no chance of the ashes being blown about in their descent
from the fire, and I utilise the space underneath, as a hot closet or auxiliary oven,
thereby economising space, increasing the cooking facilities; and giving the range,
a neat compact, and finished appearance.
I have described the fire basket as applied to a Cooking Range but it may be
applied with equal advantages, and slight modifications to Room Grates and
Stoves

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Garrioch Whyte in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th May 1883.
་
JOHN GARRIOCH WHYTE of Bo'ness in the County of Linlithgowshire North
Britain IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING RANGES AND OTHER
DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE GRATES
My said Invention relates to certain improvements in the form and construction
of Cooking Ranges and other descriptions of Fire Grates and Stoves, whereby
complete combustion is ensured, of the gases generated from the fuel; no smoke is
emitted; great economy of fuel is effected; the direction and intensity of the heat
and flame are under complete control of the operator, the cheerful glow and
roasting advantages of an open fire, are combined with the advantages of a
close range, building and setting of ranges are rendered unnecessary and the
manipulation of fire grates generally, are greatly simplified and improved.
.
And in order that my said invention may be thoroughly understood, I append
hereto a sheet of drawings, explaining the modifications whereby it may be applied
to Kitchen Ranges; and which I now proceed to describe; the same letters of
reference indicating the same parts in the respective figures.
Figure 1 is a front elevation in perspective of my improved range
Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of same through line 1
figure 1
1 in
Figure 3 is a sectional plan, showing the same with hot plate removed
Figures 4 and 5 are vertical sections in enlarged detail showing the construction
and arrangement of fire basket, and
Figure 6 is a perspective view in enlarged detail of compound damper.
A Represents a fire basket in a cylindrical form, which revolves on spindles H
at each end. These turn in pockets J. which are recessed in the cheeks of range,
and so arranged that the fire basket can be removed. Each end of the fire basket
consists of two discs a and b enclosing an air chamber c (see figure 5) Air_is
admitted to this chamber by passing down pocket J through the hollow spindle H;
and passes thence through a number of holes in disc b, into the fire. Between these
ends are a number of circled gratings d, forming in combination, a suitable
proportion of, but not completing the circumference of the fire basket. Theso
gratings have guide rails fat each end, which slide in grooves in end plates, (See
figure 5) and as the fire basket is revolved, they slide downward in rotation,
leaving the opening e always towards the top, and forming together a compact
grate for containing the fuel. The space e acts at once as an outlet for the products
of combustion, and an inlet for the supply of fuel. The advantages of the revolving
fire basket are, that the fresh fuel as supplied can be turned underneath the active
fire, and the gases generated from the former must pass through or over the latter,
before reaching the flues, thereby ensuring their ignition and combustion, instead
of a large proportion passing away in smoke, as is usual. The active fire is also,
thereby brought close up to the hot plate and flues; thus concentrating the heat on
the range, the fresh fuel acting as a screen and preventing the heat from radiating
outwards, and making the apartment, uncomfortably warm. When required for
roasting purposes or for heating apartments however, the brightest surface can be
brought to the front, and an intense heat radiated outwards.
The fire basket is made to revolve, preferably by inserting a lever L in suitable
recesses in its circumference (See figures 1 & 5). This lever may also serve as
a lifter for removing covers of hot plate, and also as a poker for the fire, thus
obviating a multiplicity of utensils,
When it is desired to raise a diminished fire close up to the hot plate and flues,
without recharging the fire with fuel, a flat grating may be inserted over the top
of the fire, passing it through between any of the projecting supports K on disc b,

page_text: that may be convenient. This is effected by pushing upwards, the circled grating d
in front, passing in the flat grating, and again replacing the circled grating. On
the fire basket being then then revolved half round, the diminished fire ascends to the
top, and rests on the grating inserted, which acts as a false bottom. Above the fire
basket, and between it and the hot plate N is a space O forming a chamber in
which the products of combustion, combine with a further supply of oxygen, before
passing into the flues. This is supplied by a current of air admitted through a
number of small holes in plate G (see figures 2 & 4) which thus enters in a spray
and so combines rapidly with the gases generated from the fuel, ensuring their
complete combustion, and largely increasing their heating power. Plate G is in
two parts sliding on each other, so as to form a hit-and-miss ventilator, to pro-
portion the ingress of air into the combustion chamber O. It also acts as a
charging door for the supply of fuel to the fire, being swung on pivots on each
side, preferably at P (sec figure 4) and folding forward, thereby avoiding the
necessity of removing or displacing any part of the hot plate or utensils theroon,
as is usual in ordinary ranges when recharging the fire. The outer portion of
plate G may also be folded forward so as to hang over the front of fire basket, and
to act either as a blower or a screen at will.
Below the fire basket is a plate E on to which the ashes fall from the fire. It is
set at a convenient angle, and acts as a hopper to convey the ashes into an ashes
pan D placed at the side (See figure 1) instead of under the fire as is usual. This
gives the range a cleanly and tidy appearance by screening the ashes from view.
The space under plate E is utilised as an oven C, thereby largely increasing the
cooking capabilities of the range (See figures 1 & 2) This range is provided
with two flues commencing at the combustion chamber O, and having a common
exit at the flue pipe R; one passes to the right heating boiler M and oven C,
-the other passing-round, and heating oven B; and both are regulated by sliding
dampers, which proportion_the_amount of heat to be directed to either.
There is also a compound damper F (See figures 1 and 6) placed at upper corner
next the fire of oven B, which causes the flame to pass first over or under the oven
at will, according to the position of flap g, the flaps hand closing or opening
the outlets of flue, so as to complete the circuit of the flue round the oven. The
operator can thereby concentrate the heat upon the upper or under surface of the
oven, and ensures dishes being equally and thoroughly cooked throughout.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said invention, and the
manner of carrying it into effect, as applied to kitchen ranges, I have to state that
I do not confine myself to the details herein described, as it will be obvious that
the invention can be applied to other descriptions of fire grates and stoves, by
modifications of the details.
And what I consider original, and therefore claim, as the invention secured to
me, by the herein before in part part recited Letters Patent is-
First. The revolving fire basket A. The compound damper F The hinged
plate G, and the hopper E with ashes pan D at side, all substantially as herein
before described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings
Second. The construction, combination and general arrangement of cooking
ranges and other descriptions of fire grates, all substantially as herein before
described, and illustrated by the accompanying drawings
In witness whereof I, the said John Garrioch Whyte have hercunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of Our Lord Oue
thousand eight hundred and eighty three