An Improved Head Band and Lining for Hats or other Head Coverings, also applicable as a Lining for Boots or other Leather Work and the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Dec., 1891-Accepted, 23rd Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Head Band and Lining for Hats or other Head
Coverings, also applicable as a Lining for Boots or other Leather
Work and the like.
1, THOMAS GARE, of the Gare Machine Co. Ltd., of Hopes Carr, Stockport, in
the County of Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide hats or other head coverings with a
head band and lining, and boots or other leather work in general and the like with
a lining which is very light, porous, a non conductor of heat or moisture and
facilitates ventilation.
To this end my invention consists in forming a head band or lining for hats or
other head coverings or a lining for boots or other leather work in general and the
like, of very thin sheet cork suitably mounted on or having a foundation of gauze
or very porous fabric, which stiffens the sheet cork and prevents it from breaking,
at the same time facilitating ventilation and the attachment of the same to the
desired article in a loose or other form through stitching.
When applied to hats or other head coverings, the lining described may be used
in the tip or at the side thereof only or both, or in combination with any other
lining as may be found advisable.
Dated this 7th day of April 1891.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Head Band and Lining for Hats or other Head
Coverings, also applicable as a Lining for Boots or other Leather
Work and the like.
I THOMAS GARE of the Gare Machine Co. Limited, of Hopes Carr, Stockport,
in the County of Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings
My invention relates principally to the linings of hats or head coverings and of
boots and foot coverings and has for its objects to provide linings which shall be
light and durable and shall be slow conductors of moisture and heat and be more
healthy than the leather or ordinarily used linings in consequence of being more
pervious to air. I will first describe the manner in which I propose to manufacture
head bands-sometimes termed sweat bands-and which are stitched to the insides
of hats and head coverings as is well understood. These head bands are usually
made of leather. In place or partly in place of this material or applied thereto I
use thinly sliced cork. In the making of a band without the use of leather I take
cork sliced or cut very thin and attach it to a pervious backing or foundation which
will furnish sufficient stability and I bind the edges of the combined materials and
finish the band to make it suitable for attachment to the hat in the ordinary
manner. The cork is cut of the thickness of thick paper or thin card and
therefore requires to be stiffened or strengthened with another material. For the
backing material I prefer to use bobbin-net but leno muslin or a suitably open
woven material or a pervious fabric may be used for the purpose. The cork and
the backing material are cemented together in such a manner as that the completed

page_text: band shall be pervious to air to a suitable extent. In the method which I prefer
bobbin-net is treated with proofing or cement say for example with a solution of
shell-lac in spirit of wine. When the net is suitably dry it is applied to the cork
and ironed down-that is to say is pressed with a hot iron or plate or is passed
between heated rollers. The united materials may then be cut to shape if not
already shaped and be bound and otherwise completed for sewing into the hat. To
improve the appearance of the band and to facilitate the stitching of the band in
place within the hat I usually finish the edges with a strip of woven material
secured by sewing. The strips for the lower end may enclose a reed or wire as is
customary in the cases of leather bands. If preferred leather might be used for
one or both edges in place of woven material. The cork is naturally more or less
pervious to air when cut into thin slices and in some cases the thin slices are
naturally more or less perforated with small holes. When using the finer or closer
varieties of cork I may perforate the thin slices, or the cork before slicing. Such
perforations may extend all over the band or may be located in places where most
required as for example at the front portion which would come in contact with the
forehead of the wearer. In some cases I may apply the pervious cork to ordinary
leather bands at the front part which would come in contact with the forehead the
leather at the back of the cork being cut away or perforated as preferred.
The accompanying drawing illustrates such a combination.
In the two figs. a represents leather that is to say the ordinary head band
material and represents cork.
In Fig. 1 a portion of the leather band is cut away and cork is applied at the
back of the band and sewn in position. In this example or in any case the
strengthening or stiffening fabric may be cemented between two slices of cork.
In Fig. 2 the part is a slice of cork cut to a form intended to be ornamental
and secured by sewing to the leather. The leather may be cut away at the back
of the cork as indicated by the dotted lines a' or be perforated as preferred. If
the leather be cut away it would be advisable to strengthen the cork with a
backing of net or of suitable open or pervious material. The material or the
leather band may be cut to any suitable form or design the formations illustrated
being only furnished as examples. When using a close woven fabric for the
backing material or for interposing between two slices of cork I may perforate the
band after the two materials have been cemented together and in such a case I
might use a material not naturally so pervious as woven fabric as for example
I might use tough paper to strengthen the cork and perforate the band or the
paper only to render it pervious. In some cases I may corrugate the cork before
or after attachment to the strengthening material, the band being thereby stiffened
and rendered more pervious and cooler to the head of the wearer. To improve the
appearance of the band
may ornament the exposed surface of the cork by
printing or impressing an ornamental pattern upon it or by printing lines or cross
hatchings upon it. Although I have referred more particularly to what I now
consider to be the most important application of my invention as relating to head
coverings it must be understood that I do not exclude the application of the com-
bination material consisting of thin cork cemented to net or pervious fabric in the
production of other parts of hat linings as I may make hat tips or hat or shell
linings of the said material. I am aware that thin cork has been pasted or
cemented to the insides of stiff hat bodies and I therefore do not claim the use of
cork in this manner.
In the cases of boots and foot coverings I propose to use the combination
material consisting of sliced cork cemented to one or to both sides of net or of a
suitable pervious woven fabric in lieu of leather or other material ordinarily used
as lining material and more particularly I intend to use the said material as a sock
lining that is to say as an attached lining applied to the inner sole of the boot or
foot covering, or as a loose sock lining. I may however line other parts or the
whole of the boot or foot covering or of the tongue with the said material which
may or may not be perforated as considered to be advisable.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:―
1. The hat head band composed of thin cork stiffened with pervious material as
set forth.
2. The hat head band composed of a thin slice of cork cemented to net and
suitably bound or finished.
3. The hat head band composed of a thin slice of perforated cork cemented to a
pervious material and bound or finished as set forth.
4. The hat head band composed of a thin slice of cork strengthened by means of
woven or other material rendered pervious to air by means of perforations which
may or may not extend through the cork as set forth.
5. The hat head band composed of the materials and put together substantially
as set forth with reference to the attached drawings.
6. The material for making hat tips or hat body linings not cemented to the hat
composed of thin cork backed with net or with a stiffening fabric such material
being pervious or being rendered pervious to air in the manner herein set forth.
7. The combination material for application within boots and foot coverings as
set forth.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1891.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James' Square, Manchester, Agents.