Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware Articles, such as Tiles and Bricks, and in Machinery or Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 3rd June, 1892-Accepted, 9th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware Articles, such as
Tiles and Bricks, and in Machinery or Apparatus therefor.
I JOSEPH PULLAN GUY of Armley House Burslem in the County of Stafford
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture or production of
earthenware articles (such as enamel tiles kiln tiles or quarries bricks and the like
articles in the production of which very heavy pressure is required) and in machinery
or apparatus for such purposes.
Letters Patent have been granted to me No. 1550 of 1888 and I am now making
application for Letters Patent No. 17068 of 1890 in the former of which I describe
a "loose board" and loose inner shell or lining and in the latter a "stripper"
or mechanism connected to the moving member or ram head (or otherwise
connected) so as to serve to force out and draw off the made piece of hollow
erthenware.
Now my present invention is as follows:-
A suitable framework carries a mould or strong chamber in which the tiles bricks
et cetera are pressed and formed and a plunger or ram head (actuated by any
suitable power) operates in same as hereinafter explained.
The interior of this moulding chamber is arranged to receive a series of
removable division pieces which latter are arranged and placed in position inside
the chamber in any suitable manner.
These division pieces being duly arranged in position the marl (or other material
to be pressed into shape in such moulds) is placed on the plunger or ram head so as
to be (approximately) equally distributed under the different divisions in the
moulding chamber and the plunger is then caused to rise and forces the marl
et cetera into the various divisions of the chamber which divisions are of the shape
desired to be imparted to the made article.
A "stripper "mechanism is connected to the plunger or moving source of power
(after the manner set forth in Patent No. 17068 of 1890) so that after pressing up
the series of solid or other earthenware articles in the one upward movement then
on the downward or return movement the stripper apparatus carries down all the
several division pieces or plates together with the several made earthenware articles
all lying closely together which are thus drawn off free from the mould and are then
removed from the plunger or ram head to be dried and separated the said division
pieces being taken back to the machine for use over and over again.
A number of these division pieces would thus be required and these removable
division pieces may be shaped or of irregular form on their side faces if desired.
In place of the division pieces being removed as just previously described such
division pieces may be fixed in the moulding chamber and suitable stripping
mechanism or appliances operate in each division between same-to strip or remove
each tile et cetera after pressing same. The division pieces may be removable if
and when it is desired to alter the size or shape of the divisions.
Between the stripper itself and the top of the division chambers in which the
articles are pressed a loose board (or it may be in two or more parts) may be
interposed or not as desired and also a plate or "loose board" is advantageously
used on the plunger or ram head that is between the bottom of the made article
and the said plunger.
These top and bottom plates or "loose boards " or their equivalents may have
any recesses indentations projections or swellings or other forms or shapes on them
to give to the made article any desired shape as for instance tiles known as "kiln

page_text: quarries" each of which usually have a tongue or projection on one side and a
corresponding groove or depression on its opposite edge.
Or the stripper itself may have such shapes and the top "loose board" or plate
dispensed with.
Any suitable exfoliating material may be used if desired.
The machinery or apparatus as above described may be inverted if desired or
the plunger may be fixed and the moulding chamber made to descend on same-
the operation of pressing shaping and drawing off a number of solid or other
earthenware articles at each operation of the machine being the same or equivalent.
The "loose boards" and the "division pieces" for the moulding chamber may be
made of any suitable material and may each be arranged and mounted in their
respective positions in any desired or convenient manner.
If desired separate and independent motive power may be applied to the stripper
mechanism to force out and draw off the made articles.
The moulding chamber may also if desired be so mounted and combined with
powerful springs or elastic cushions so as to slightly "give" under the pressure of
the "plunger
or ram head to assist in obtaining a more thorough pressure and
giving other advantages to my machine or apparatus hereinbefore set forth.
The bottom of the mould is arranged so as to keep the clay (or other material to
be pressed) in position.
"
Also " store room or space is suitably arranged and provided in this press to
prevent the clay et cetera squeezing out when pressure is applied.
In some cases steam or other heating medium may be applied to certain of the
parts to assist in getting off the made articles.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1891.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Patentee.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware Articles, such as
Tiles and Bricks, and in Machinery or Apparatus therefor.
I, JOSEPH PULLAN GUY of Armley House, Burslem in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :--
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture or production of
earthenware articles (such as enamel tiles, kiln tiles or quarries, bricks, and the like
articles in the production of which very heavy pressure is required) and in machinery
or apparatus for such purposes.
""
Letters Patent have been granted to me No. 1550 of 1888 and Letters Patent
No. 17068 of 1890 in the former of which (inter alia) I describe a "loose board"
and a loose inner shell or lining and in the latter a "stripper" or mechanism
connected to the moving member or ram head (or otherwise connected) so as to
serve to force out and draw off the made piece of hollow earthenware.
Now my present invention is as follows:-
A suitable framework carries a mould or strong chamber in which several tiles
et cetera are pressed and formed at the same time and a plunger or ram head
(actuated by any suitable power) operates in bricks same as hereinafter explained.
The interior of this moulding chamber is arranged to receive a series of
removable division pieces which latter are arranged and placed in position inside
the chamber in any suitable manner (or these division pieces or partitions may be
permanently fixed).
These division pieces being duly arranged in position the marl (or other material
to be pressed into shape in such moulds) is placed on the plunger or ram head so as

page_text: to be (approximately) equally distributed under the different divisions in the moulding
chamber and the plunger is then caused to rise and forces the marl et cetera into the
various divisions of the chamber which divisions are of the shape desired to be
imparted to the made article.
A "stripper" mechanism is connected to the plunger or moving source of power
(somewhat after the manner set forth in Patent No. 17068 of 1890) so that after
pressing up the series of solid or other earthenware articles in the one upward
movement then on the downward or return movement the stripper apparatus carries
down all the several division pieces or plates together with the several made
earthenware articles all lying closely together which are thus drawn off' free from
the mould and are then removed from the plunger and ram head to be dried and
separated the said division pieces being taken back to the machine for use over and
over again.
A number of these division pieces will thus be required and these removable
division pieces may be shaped or of irregular form on their side faces if desired.
In place of the division pieces being removed or removable as just previously
described such division pieces may be fixed in the moulding chamber and suitable
stripping mechanism or appliances operate in each division. between same-to strip
or remove each tile et cetera after pressing same. The division pieces may be
removable if and when it is desired to alter the size or shape of the divisions or
permanently fixed or formed in the moulding chamber.
Between the stripper itself and the top of the division chambers in which the
articles are pressed a loose board (or it may be in two or more parts) may be inter-
posed or not as desired and also a plate or "loose board" is advantageously used
on the plunger or ram head that is between the bottom of the made article and the
said plunger.
These top and bottom plates or "loose boards " or their equivalents may have
any recesses indentations projections or swellings or other forms or shapes on them
to give to the madé article any desired shape as for instance tiles known as "kiln
quarries" each of which usually have a tongue or projection on one side and a
corresponding groove or depression on its opposite edge.
"
Or the stripper itself may have such shapes and the top "loose board or plate
dispensed with.
Any suitable exfoliating material may be used if desired.
And in order that my present invention may be easily understood and readily
carried into practice I will proceed to further describe same with reference to the
drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
a is a suitable frame or support in which the hydraulic cylinder 6 is mounted.
c is the ram having the loose board d on the ram head e.
fis the moulding chamber strongly mounted in the frame a.
gg are the division pieces-in the case illustrated these division pieces are fixed
and divide the moulding chamber into three compartments.
hhh are the three stripping pieces which (in the case illustrated) are attached to
and actuated by the said ram head e by means of the upright rods or connections i i
which latter are fixed to the cross head k on the ram and at their upper ends fixed
to the cross head m carrying the stripping pieces h.
The top part of these rods i are advantageously connected up to the cross head m
as shown by means of spiral spring interposed so as to give a little " play" to
the cross head m between a shoulder provided on i and the said spiral spring n on
the rod i.
The slide or guide piece o fixed on the cross head m slides through a closely
fitting bearing or guideway provided for this purpose in the cross head p.
Bevelled bottom edges may be formed on the bottom of the partitions 9 and
corresponding grooves or depressions are formed in the loose board d on the ram.
If desired the bottom edges of h may be shaped or formed so as to give such

page_text: shape to the edge of the made article or any such shape may be formed or mounted
on the loose board d.
OPERATION.
In operation-the material to be pressed is laid as even as may be upon the
bottom board d or ram head e and the ram is then set going and as it moves upwards
it raises the stripping pieces h h from between the partition pieces g g until when
the ram is at the end of its stroke it has carried such stripping pieces / up to the
top of the mould to about the position shown in the drawings.
•
h
Upon the return movement of the ram-it will bring down with it all the
stripping pieces h h h and so force out or strip each made piece from the partitions
in the mould.
The machinery or apparatus as above described may be inverted if desired or
the plunger may be fixed and the moulding chamber made to descend on same-the
operation of pressing shaping and drawing off a number of solid or other earthen-
ware articles at each operation of the machine being the same or equivalent.
The "loose boards" and the "division pieces" for the moulding chamber may
be made of any suitable material and may each be arranged and mounted in their
respective positions in any desired or convenient manner.
If desired separate and independent motive power may be applied to the stripper
mechanism to force out and draw off the made articles.
The moulding chamber may also if desired be so mounted and combined with
powerful springs or elastic cushions so as to slightly "give
"under the pressure of
the "plunger" or ram head to assist in obtaining a more thorough pressure and
giving other advantages to my machine or apparatus as hereinbefore set forth.
The bottom of the mould is arranged so as to keep the clay (or other material
to be pressed) in position.
Also "store room "
or space may be suitably arranged and provided in this press
to prevent the clay et cetera squeezing out when pressure is applied.
In some cases steam or other heating medium may be applied to certain of the
parts to assist in getting off the made article.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
1. In a machine or apparatus for pressing solid earthenware the combination
with a moulding chamber and a hydraulic or other power ram of stripping pieces
moving up and down respectively between the partitions in the moulding chamber
and actuated by the said hydraulic ram or other power substantially as and for the
purposes herein before set forth.
2. In a machine or apparatus for pressing solid earthenware-the combination
with the moulding chamber and the hydraulic or other power ram of a series of
division pieces or partitions dividing said moulding chamber into a number of com-
partments and having a series of stripping pieces or plungers respectively moving
up and down between these division pieces and actuated by the said hydraulic ram
or other power to strip or push out the made pieces after same have been
pressed up into shape substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before
set forth.
3. The improved machine or apparatus for pressing or forming a series of kiln
tiles quarries or other solid earthenware articles at one operation and provided with
means for stripping or removing same from the moulding chamber by the return
stroke of the hydraulic ram or other power substantially in the manner and for the
purposes set forth.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.