Improvements in Lavatories.
Year: 1896

page_text: I WILLIAM CASSELS of Royal Terrace, Kerr Street, Kirkintilloch, Iron
Founder's Draughtsman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide in the lavatory basin a pool of water
which can be kept clean by a constant supply from the bottom and a constant
overflow at the top, while the lavatory is in use.
This is effected by making the lavatory basin with an internal ridge enclosing
the central portion, so as to form an inner basin with a trough all round between
the central and outer portions of the main basin. The water supply enters at the
bottom of the inner basin and overflows into the surrounding trough, whence it is
conveyed by an outlet. Several such inner basins can be formed in the bottom of
a long trough to form a lavatory range.
Dated this 12th day of February 1896.
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents for Applicant.
Improvements in Lavatories.
I, WILLIAM CASSELS, of Royal Terrace, Kirkintilloch, in the County of
Dumbarton, North Britain, Iron Founder's Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object to provide for lavatory purposes, a small pool of
water which is kept comparatively clean by a constant supply and overflow while
the lavatory is in use.
The invention is applicable to lavatories where the supply valve is opened and
closed by the person using the lavatory, and also to lavatory ranges for schools
and other institutions where numbers of persons have to wash at the same time,
and where the water supply is regulated by an attendant.
In the former application where the water supply is regulated by the person
using the lavatory, the object is effected by making a lavatory basin of usual size,
but with an internal ridge enclosing a portion near the centre, so as to form a
small fixed inner basin, in which is an inlet for the water supply, while the space
between this inner basin and the circumference of the outer basin, forms an open
trough with an outlet at its lowest part. The water entering the small inner
basin, fills it and overflows into the trough of the outer basin whence it is
discharged by the outlet.
I will now describe my invention, reference being made to the accompanying
drawings, in which corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of
reference.

page_text: Figure 1. is a plan, and Figure 2 is a section through centre from front to back
of one form of lavatory as above described, in which the inner basin is insulated
by the trough of the outer basin entirely surrounding it and the water inlet is
placed in the bottom of the inner basin.
Figure 3 is a plan, and Figure 4 a section through centre from front to back of
another form, in which a part of the circumference of the inner basin at the back,
is made to coincide with that of the outer basin, and the water inlet is placed at
the back of inner basin, at the point of coincidence.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, A indicates the outer basin, B the inner
basin, C the water inlet, D the overflow discharge grating, and E the supply valves.
G is a small branch tube connecting the inner basin with the discharge pipe H,
F is a discharge plug for emptying the inner basin. I is a revolving knob with
spindle passing through discharge grating D, J is a screw blade or wire on spindle
extending to about a complete revolution, K is a lever extending from the screw
blade or wire to the spindle of discharge plug F, and L is the hinged fulcrum of
lever K. M, indicate the usual soap trays.
When the lavatory is being used, the supply valve E is opened and the water
entering the inner basin B by the inlet C is distributed by a perforated nozzle so
as to drive the contents of the basin before it and over the rim of the basin
avoiding as far as possible returning currents. When the inner basin B is full
the water overflows the rim into the outer basin A from which it is constantly
discharged by the grated outlet D, into the discharge pipe H thus continually
changing the water in the inner basin, B, and constantly carrying off the soiled
and soapy water while the ablutions are being performed. When washing is
finished the supply valves E are closed, and the contents of the inner basin are
discharged. In basin as shown in Figures 1 and 2 the discharge of inner basin is
automatic, the small branch tube G allowing the water in inner basin to flow back
through inlet C and branch tube G into the discharge pipe H. In basin as shown
in Figures 3 and 4 the discharge of inner basin B may be effected by simply
catching and lifting the discharge plug F, or preferably by means of the arrange-
ment as shown in Figure 4, in which, by turning the knob I, the screw blade or
wire J depresses one end of lever K, which is hinged on fulcrum L while the
other end of lever rises and lifts the discharge plug F. When basin is empty,
a further turn of knob I brings the lower end of screw blade J clear of the lever K,
which, being released, allows the plug F to drop into its socket.
When the invention is applied to lavatory ranges for schools and other institu-
tions where numbers of persous have to wash simultaneously and where the water
supply is regulated by an attendant, the object is then effected by forming or fixing
any number of small basins in the bottom of a long trough, into which the water
from the basins overflows, and from which it passes by a discharge grating. This
will be made clear by reference to the drawings of which
Figure 5 is plan, Figure 6 a front elevation and Figure 7 a section through
centre of inner basin, of one form of this application, specially adapted for con-
struction in marble or slate or a combination of either with earthenware.
Figure 8 is a plan, Figure 9 a front elevation and Figure 10 a section through
céntre of inner basin, of another form adapted for moulding in earthenware or
cast iron.
In these figures similar reference letters are likewise used throughout for
corresponding parts. A indicates the trough, B the inner basins, C the water inlet,
D the discharge grating for overflow, H the discharge pipe, M the soap trays,
N the supply pipe with branch inlet to each basin, O the supply valve, and P
the discharge valve for emptying basins. At the stated time for washing, the
attendant, after seeing that the discharge valve P is closed, opens the supply
valve O and the water entering the inner basins B by the inlet C quickly fills the
basins and overflows into the trough A, running out at the discharge grating D.
The water continues to flow while the washing lasts, keeping the supply in the
basins fresh and clean by the constant overflow of all soiled water.
When the

page_text: washing is finished, the attendant closes the supply valve O and opens the discharge.
valve P when the water in the inner basins flows back through the inlets C and
supply pipe N into the discharge pipe H.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The formation for lavatory purposes of a small basin within a basin of
considerably greater circumference so as to form an open trough between the inner
and outer basins, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and
illustrated on the accompanying sheets of drawings.
2. In combination with the above, the arrangement of supply and discharge
openings whereby the water is caused to overflow at the rim of the inner basin
into the trough of outer basin, substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described and illustrated on the accompanying sheets of drawings.
3. In combination with the above, the arrangement of revolving knob and spindle
with screw blade or wire actuating a lever whereby the discharge plug is opened
and closed, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and
illustrated on the accompanying sheets of drawings.
4. The formation for lavatory purposes of a trough with any number of small
basins formed or fixed in the bottom, with supply and discharge openings arranged
so as to cause the water to overflow at the rim of the basins into the outer trough,
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated on the
accompanying sheets of drawings.
Dated this 5th day of June 1896.
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.