IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND CYLINDERS OF STEEL
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Davie Morries Stirling, of the Larches, near
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Esquire, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND CYLINDERS OF STEEL."
Sealed the 5th May 1854, and dated the 27th February 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Davie Morries
Stirling, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Peti-
tion, on the 27th February 1854.
I, JOHN DAVIE MORRIES STIRLING, of the Larches, near Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES AND CYLINDERS OF STEEL" to
be as follows:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of tubes and cylinders of steel it has been
usual to employ sheets of steel bent into the size and form desired, and then to
join the edges by welding or brazing. Now my Invention consists of casting
steel into tubular or hollow cylindrical forms, and then extending them in
diameter or length, or both, by hammering, by drawing, or rolling, or by
combining such processes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Davie Morries Stirling in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 25th August 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
DAVIE MORRIES STIRLING, of the Larches, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Esquire, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Davie Morries Stirling, Her special licence that I, the
said John Davie Morries Stirling, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Davies Morries Stirling, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES
AND CYLINDERS OF STEEL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Jolin Davie Morries Stirling, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Davie Morries Stirling, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
Heretofore in the manufacture of tubes and cylinders of steel it has been
usual to employ sheets of steel bent into the size and form desired, and then to
join the edges by welding or brazing. Now, my Invention consists of casting
steel into tubular or hollow cylindrical forms, and then extending them in
diameter or length, or both, by hammering, by drawing, or rolling, or by
combining such processes.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same. I cause cylindrical or tubular
orms of a length and diameter according to the length and diameter of tube or
cylinder intended to be cast of cast steel in a like manner to what has hereto-
fore been practised when making tubes of copper or of brass, or solid ingots of
cast steel, and it is found preferable to allow such steel castings to cool first;
they are afterwards heated to the usual temperature at which cast steel is
hammered, and I prefer tilting or hammering all such cylindrical or tubular
forms previous to drawing through draw plates or extending by means of
rolling. I sometimes cause the cast cylinders or tubes to be annealed, and I
prefer to do so by taking the castings from the moulds, or by taking the moulds

page_text: and castings where the material of the moulds and other circumstances permit,
whilst still as hot as may be, and placing them into an annealing oven and
there to anneal them, as is well understood. The casting is then heated to a
red heat, such as is used when rolling or extending ingots of cast steel into
bars. The tubular casting of steel is then extended in length by hammering,
when on a mandril, or by means of grooved rollers moving or rolling the hot
steel tube over a fixed mandril, such as is used in welding iron tubes by grooved
rollers, and I again and again heat the casting and extend the length; and
when the internal diameter of the tube or cylinder is required to be reduced, I
use less and less mandrils, and less diameters of grooves in the rollers; or, in
the place of fixed mandrils and grooved rollers, taper mandrils, such as are
used when drawing or rolling brass tubes may be used, and passed through
between the rollers with the tubes thereon, and be withdrawn therefrom, as
when rolling or drawing brass tubes on such like mandrils; or, in place of
grooved rollers, dies or draw plates, such as are used for drawing brass tubes
may be employed, with slightly tapering mandrils, such as before mentioned,
the steel tubes being heated to a red heat before drawing them through less
holes in the dies or draw plates, and the mandril is to be withdrawn as quickly
as may be after drawing, in like manner to what the mandrils are extracted
from brass tubes. In some cases, where it is not intended to re-heat and to
temper the steel tubes, and yet where hard, close-grained steel tubes are
required, the steel tubes may, in the last or the last one or two drawings, be
drawn cold after being carefully annealed; in which case the reduction in
diameter and the extending in length should be small, but by drawing cold, a
very close and compact grain may be obtained.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would haye it understood that what I claim is, the
anufacture of steel tubes or other hollow cylindrical forms of steel by casting
m and treating them afterwards, as herein described.
m.
the
In
witness whereof, I, the said John Davie Morries Stirling, have here-
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
untaf
year d
Witness,
WILL. BELL,
17, Fludyer
J. D. MORRIES STIRLING. (L.S.)
Street, Westm*.