CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING AND PRE- PARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO PROVISIONAL SPFICATION
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Evan Leigh, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING AND PRE-
PARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Evan Leigh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1857.
I, EVAN LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING AND
PREPARING COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR APPARATUS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This my said Invention consists of a further extension or development of
the principle or improvement for which I obtained Provisional Protection, the
Second day of September 1857, No. 2299, under the title of " Improvements
in Constructing certain Parts of Machinery or Apparatus used in Preparing
and Spinning Cotton and other Fibrous Substances," in the Provisional Speci-
fication of which I describe my said Invention as applicable to hollow top
rollers turning upon stationary spindles used for drawing cotton and other
fibrous substances, and which consists of making the spindle taper at each
end, so that the ends will project in a taper form from the end of each boss

page_text: the latter being well polished and countersunk by the inner edge being
rounded.
The advantage of this Invention, as stated in my said Provisional Specifica-
tion, is, that when oil or other lubricating matter is put on either taper end of
the stationary spindle, it immediately flows to the under side or edge, and the
moment it comes in contact with the countersunk edge of the boss or roller,
it is drawn into the interior, and lubricates the spindle and roller at the precise
place where it is required, thus preventing waste, &c. I now find that the
said principle or improvement is applicable to many other purposes, such as
horizontal shafting on which drums or cylinders are placed to convey the
motive power to the working machinery, whether the same be used for cotton
spinning purposes or otherwise, studs, bearings, or journals working in a
horizontal position, spindles, axles, and in fact, to all purposes where the lubri-
cating matter has to be applied to machinery or apparatus working horizon-
tally. I make large drums or cylinders, such as carding cylinders and others,
in two parts, so that when they are put on the shaft the two parts will unite
by a kind of dovetail, and the shaft on which the drum or cylinder revolves
being made to taper from the point or centre of the bearing, as already
described for rollers, spindles, studs, &c., the lubricating matter will be drawn
or sucked in upon the shaft or bearing where it is required. Or I attach to
revolving cylinders or drums at their centres certain smaller cylinders counter-
sunk at their mouths, but parallel inwards so as to form bearings, which
revolve upon fixed shafts or pivots resembling my improved rollers in their
action and facility of lubricating. It is evident that instead of the taper
parts being sunk, the reverse position will answer the purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Evan Leigh in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EVAN
LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Evan Leigh, Her special licence that I, the said Evan Leigh,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Evan
Leigh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN SPINNING AND PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS GENERALLY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Evan Leigh, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same, to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Evan Leigh, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment (that is to say):-
This my said Invention consists of a further extension or development of
the principle or improvement, for which I obtained Letters Patent dated the
Second day of September, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven,
No. 2299, under the title of "Improvements in Constructing certain Parts
of Machinery or Apparatus used in Preparing and Spinning Cotton and other
Fibrous Substances," in the Specification of which I describe my said Inven-
tion as applicable to hollow top rollers, turning upon stationary spindles used
for drawing cotton and other fibrous substances, and which consists of making
the spindle taper at each end, so that the ends will project in a taper form
from the end of each boss, the latter being well polished and countersunk by
the inner edge being rounded.
The advantage of this Invention, as stated in my said Specification is, that
when oil or other lubricating matter is put on either taper end of the stationary
spindle, it immediately flows to the under side or edge, and the moment it
comes in contact with the countersunk edge of the boss or roller it is drawn
into the interior, and lubricates the spindle and roller at the precise place
where it is required, thus preventing waste, &c.
I now find that the said principle or improvement is applicable to many
other purposes, such as horizontal shafting on which drums or cylinders are
placed to convey the motive power to the working machinery, whether the
same be used for cotton spinning purposes or otherwise, studs, bearings, or

page_text: journals working in a horizontal position, spindles, axles, and in fact to all
purposes where the lubricating matter has to be applied to machinery or
apparatus working horizontally. I make large drums or cylinders, such as
carding cylinders and others in two parts, so that when they are put on the
shaft, the two parts will unite by a kind of dovetail, and the shaft on which
the drum or cylinder revolves being made to taper from the point or centre of
the bearing as already described for roller spindles, studs, &c., the lubricating
matter will be drawn or sucked in upon the shaft or bearing where it is
required. Or I attach to revolving shafts at their bearings certain smaller
cylinders or bushes rounded off at their edges, but parallel inwards so as to
form bearings, which revolve upon fixed shafts or pivots resembling my
improved rollers in their action and facility of lubricating. It is evident that
instead of the taper parts being sunk, the reverse position will answer the
purpose in shafting.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, and the letters of reference thereon, in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2, an external view of my improved
card cylinder placed upon the improved necks or bearings. Fig. 3 is a trans-
verse section of the cylinder where the two parts or drums are joined
together; and Fig. 4 is an end view shewing the boss and arms; Fig. 5
represents an improved stud for a wheel or pulley; and Fig. 6, a section of a
horizontal shaft constructed with my improvements.
rods e, which pass through and are
The joint d is turned of a vee shape
cylinder may fit closely and firmly
drums, and also the tie rods may be
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a is the card cylinder cast in halves, and consists
of the two drums b, of half width, each drum having the arms c at one end
only. The joining in the middle of the cylinder is shewn at d, and the two
parts are firmly held together by the tie
rivetted into the arms c, of the drums.
or form, so that the two parts of the
together. The arms in the ends of the
of any desired number. The peculiar form of the axles or bearings of the
cylinder shaft f are shewn at g, intended to retain the oil or lubricating
matter on the bearings, as will be hereafter more fully described. The
above arrangements afford the means of forming card cylinders of metal as
light as the ordinary bay wood cylinder and bolted lags, and also preventing
the great defect arising from the ponderous weight of the cast-iron cylinders
at present in use.
In Fig. 5, h represents a section of a wheel or pulley, having its boss
rounded or bell mouthed as at i, the said pulley works upon a stud k
tapered at its end 1, thereby employing the peculiar character or
principle of

page_text: my improved top rollers, and producing the same remarkable result. If oil
is dropped on the end of the stud from an oil can spout m, it immediately
flows by the effect of gravitation to the under side, as shewn by the dotted
lines n, and flows down the inclined or tapered end of the stud towards the
rounded, countersunk, or bell-mouthed end i, of the boss of the pulley, and
the moment it comes in contact with the boss it is drawn in by capillary
attraction at the same time, having no tendency to work out again even if
the stud be held in a vertical position, thereby causing the necessary result
that a very small quantity of oil suffices, the stud and pulley being perfectly
lubricated for a long time.
In Fig. 6, o is a part of a horizontal shaft taken at the bearing, and placed
in bell metal or other steps p, the ends of which are dished or bell-mouthed
as at q, similar to the boss of the wheel or pulley in Fig. 5; the shaft on each
side is turned down so as to form the inclines r, tending inwards towards the
middle of the bearing, or a bush put on tapered at the ends so as to increase
the diameter at the bearing. If oil is put in the ordinary oil holes, through
the top cap and step, it will have no tendency whatever to escape at the sides
or ends of the bearing, but will be maintained in its proper place by means of
gravitation, centrifugal force (when the shaft is in motion), and capillary
attraction, thereby keeping the shaft in a more certain state of lubrication,
and saving a large per-centage of the consumption of oil, at the same time
dispensing with the usual oil drippers, dirt, and waste. The shaft f, of the
card cylinder is furnished with inclines or tapers, and the steps or bearings
dished or bell-mouthed at the ends similar to those just described.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth, as such
may be varied or modified without departing from the principle thereof; but
I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge and belief
has not been hitherto used within the realm.
First, the construction of light card cylinders of metal, made of separate
drums or pieces with a vee or dovetail at the joint, and held closely and firmly
together by means of tie rods, and also the application to the said cylin-
ders of tapers or inclines outside the bearings in connection with dished or
bell-mouthed bosses.
Secondly, the application of a journal for all kinds of shafting, spindles,
studs, or axles, having the bearing part of the shaft, spindle, axle, or stud,
larger in diameter than the part immediately outside the bearing.
Thirdly, the rounding out or dishing the edges of steps or bosses in combi-

page_text: nation with the tapering of journals or axles of all kinds, by which I obtain
the principle of capillary attraction, as such improvements are herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Evan Leigh, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the within-
named Evan Leigh, in the presence of
EVAN LEIGH. (L.S.)
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.