IMPROVEMENTS PEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACH AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH OR ELECTRIC GENERATORS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti of Richmond Gardens
Shepherds Bush Electrician and Alfred Thompson of Guildford Place Russell
Square Electrician both in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of
T
IMPROVEMENTS
PEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACH
AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
OR ELECTRIC GENERATORS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti
and Alfred Thompson at the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents on the
17th August 1882.
SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI of Richmond Gardens Shepherds Bush Electrician
and ALFRED THOMPSON of Guildford Place Russell Square Electrician both in the
County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES OR
ELECTRIC GENERATORS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
This Invention bas for its object improvement in Dynamo Machines or Electric
Generators and Apparatus connected therewith
Our Invention consists of improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines which
may be employed either for generating currents or converting Electricity into
Mechanical energy
One of these improvements consists in revolving Copper Bars in a Magnetic field
such bars being fixed radially round the periphery of a revolving disc and insulated
from each other and from the body of the Machine. The Magnetic Field would be
formed of two sets of Magnets fixed round the faces of two discs opposite each
other with the said Copper bars revolving between them and the field Magnets
would be so arranged as to present alternately their North and South Poles to the
said insulated Copper Bars and so arranged that the North and South Poles of the
said Magnets shall be facing each other on either side of the said Copper Bars On
revolving the Copper Bars electricity will be generated therein centrifugally from
the pairs of opposite magnets North South to South North and centripetally from
the pairs of Magnets South North to North South and so on round the entire system
and in order to collect the Electricity so generated into one continuous current
we arrange a series of Metallic rubbers or conductors around the outer and inner
circumferences of the field Magnets arranging such rubbers or collectors from the
centre or nearly the centre of one field magnet to the centre or nearly the centre
Price GAI

page_text: of the third field magnet the rubber thus forming a broken Conductor and the
break in the conductor being so arranged that the break in the upper set of rubbers
comes opposite the centre or nearly opposite the centre of one magnet and at the
same time opposite the centre or nearly opposite the centre of the under rubber or
collector, these rubbers being kept stationary in their places and in this way
causing the electricity as the Copper Bars revolve to be continuously going
onward in one and the same direction thus the current would travel in a Zig-Zag
direction partly through the revolving Metal and partly through the stationary
rubbers. In order to take the current from the Machine one of the rubbers will be
cut at its centre which centre will be over the centre of one of the magnets.
In order to excite the field Magnet of the Machine the whole current may be
passed round them or as a Shunt to the Main Circuit a portion of the current may
be passed round them
The Machine may be separately excited from another sourse or permanent
magnets may be used.
Another portion of our invention consists in the manner in which the said
revolving bars are fixed and held in position by making the inner ends of the
metallic bars wedge shaped and pinching them between the grooves of the centre
wheel which would be made in two halves bolted together
For the purpose of measuring the quantity of Electricity supplied by the Dynamo
on one or more circuits we use an Electric Meter consisting of the works of a
clock or time piece constructed in the ordinary manner except that the hands
move on faces easily and similar to those of an ordinary Gas Meter for the purpose
of registering in like manner and in this respect our three several forms of meters
exactly resemble one another.
In the first of the said three forms we substitute a solid Metallic balance Wheel
of Copper or any other suitable Metal for the ordinary balance wheel of a clock
and round this we pass a number of convolutions of five insulated or covered wire
to stand as a shunt to the main current this with a constant Electro Motive force
in the main circuit will retain the oscillation of the balance wheel to a given
amount The current the quantity of which we desire to measure is then passed
several times round a c wire wound round the fine wire aforesaid but in an
opposite direction and if a current be simultaneously passed through the circuit to
be measured it will in part
effect of the before mentioned
shunt current and so increase the speed of the registering hands.
the E
In the second form of meter we substitute a permanent steel magnet in place of
the convolutions of fine wire specified in the previous form of meter and round this
magnet we pass the current to be measured but in a direction that will decrease
the magnetism of the said steel Magnet The balance wheel being so arranged as
to oscillate between the poles of the said permanent magnet which will greatly
retard such oscillation-The Main Current when passed round the permanent
magnet in the manner lastly herein before described will decrease its inagnetismn
according to its current quantity and allow the balance wheel to oscillate faster
and thus decrease the speed of the indicating hands on the face of the Indicator.
In the third form of Meter we substitute for the ordinary pendilum of a Clock
a pendilum with a moveable weight the distance of which moveable weight from
the centre of oscillation being regulated through the agency of a Solenoid or other
Cognate means by the quantity of Electricity flowing through the apparatus and
so increase the speed of oscillation of the pendilum and thence the Registering
hands.
In order to conduct the current generated by the Dynamo or other means either
mediately or immediately we use metallic Conductors consisting of a rod encased in
a tube the space between the two being filled up and insulated with a solid slag
run in between the two while in a molten state.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti and Alfred Thompson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 17th February 1883.
SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI of Richmond Gardens Shepherds Bush Electrician
and ALFRED THOMPSON of Guildford Place Russell Square Electrician both in the
County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
ELECTRIC GENERATORS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
"
OB
This invention has for its object improvements in dynamo machines or electrio
generators and apparatus connected therewith.
Our invention consists of improvements in dynamo electric machines which may
be employed either for generating currents or converting electricity into mechanical
energy.
One of these improvements consists in revolving copper bars in a magnetic field
such bars being fixed radially round the periphery of a revolving disc and insulated
from each other and from the body of the machine. The magnetic field would be
formed of two sets of magnets fixed round the faces of two discs opposite each
other with the said copper bars revolving between them and the field magnets
would be so arranged as to present alternately their north and south poles to the
said insulated copper bars and so arranged that a north and south pole of the said
magnets shall be facing each other on either side of the said copper bars. On
revolving the copper bars electricity will be generated therein alternately from and
towards the centre in traversing successively the magnetic fields round the entire
system.
In order to collect the electricity so generated into one continuous current, we
arrange a series of metallic rubbers or conductors around the outer and inner
circumference of the field magnets arranging the breaks between the several rubbers
or collectors of the outer set to come opposite the centre of every other radial space
between the field magnets and the brakes between the inner rubbers to come
opposite the centre of the intermediate spaces. The rubbers are kept stationary in
their places and in this way cause the electricity as the copper bars revolve to be
continuously going onward in one and the same direction, thus the current would
travel in a zig-zag direction partly through the revolving metal and partly through
the stationary rubbers. In order to take the current from the machine one of the
rubbers will be cut at its centre the two half rubbers so formed then become one
the negative and the other positive terminal of the machine.
In order to excite the field magnets of the machine the whole current may be
passed round them or as a shunt to the main circuit a portion of the current may
be passed round them. The machine may be separately excited from another source
or permanent magnets may be used.
Another portion of our invention consists in the manner in which the said
revolving bars are fixed and held in position by making the inner ends of the
metallic bars wedge shaped and pinching them between the grooves of the centre
wheel which would be made in two halves bolted together. This way of securing
the radial bars to the wheel we also employ when the bars are permanently coupled
together so as to form a continuous zig-zag as in our alternate current machine
described in the Specification N° 3419 in the year 1882 the inner bends of the zig-
zag being in this case formed with wedge shaped feet projecting inwards from them
to be pinched between the two halves of the wheel.
In the construction of electrical mains for conducting electric currents from
dynamo electric machines we use a metallic conductor consisting of a rod encased

page_text: in a tube the space between the two being filled up with an insulating solid slag
run in between the two while in a molten state.
Our improvements are illustrated in the Drawings hereunto annexed, Figures 1
2. 3. 4 and 5 illustrate our improvements in continuous current dynamo electric
machines.
Figure 1 of the Drawings shews a side elevation of one half of a wheel with
copper bars radiating out from it and with contact plates bearing against them as
above described. The position of the field magnets is also shown. Figure 2 is a
transverse section of the same. Figure 3 shows a side elevation of some of the
bars on a larger scale. Figure 4 shows another elevation of one of the bars the
side shown in this Figure being one of the sides at right angles to the side shown
at Figure 3. Figure 5 shows on a larger scale the way in which the metallic
contact pieces are carried and held up to the radial copper bars.
In these Figures A is a revolving axis carrying the wheel B formed in two halves
bolted together and clamping between them the inner ends of a number of radial
metallic bars C, preferably of copper. The radial bars might however be otherwise
carried from the wheel and if desired their outer ends might be secured to a
metallic tyre but insulated therefrom. Between the outer ends of the radial bars
are placed distance pieces D of non conducting material. When the bars C have
been ranged in a circle around the shaft and the distance pieces have been put into
place between their outer ends the two halves of the wheel are drawn together so
as to make them grasp the inner ends of the bars, the bars are then all drawn
inwards towards the shaft by the action of inclines on the two parts of the wheel
acting against inclines on the inner ends of the bars. E. E. are the field magnets
their poles are made to be alternately north and south as above explained they are
carried by fixed supporting rings F. One of the rings F, has rods G standing out
from it at intervals one set of rods outside the magnets the other set on the inner
side of the magnets. H. I are two rings each having lugs projecting out from
them the lugs of the larger ring H are free to slide to and fro along the outer set
of rods G and the lugs of the smaller ring I upon the inner set of rods G. Around
the rods are spiral springs which keep the rings H and I pressed towards the bars C
which radiate out from the revolving wheel.
The face of each ring which is towards the radial bars C carries a number of
metallic contact plates K which are insulated from the rings and from one another.
By the action of the spiral springs they are kept against the radial bars. The breaks
between the contact plates or rubbers carried by the outer ring are as shown
opposite the centre of every other radial space between the field magnets whilst
the breaks between the contact plates or rubbers carried by the inner ring are
opposite the centres of the intermediate spaces. The radial bars with the two sets
of contact plates or rubbers thus make a continuous zig-zag metallic circuit.
If a single current only is to be taken from the machine one only of the rubbers
or contact plates will be cut through at its centre as shown at L Figure 1 and an
insulated conducting wire will be led from one half of the contact plate to an insu-
lated terminal and so to the line wire of the circuit and similarly the other half of
the ring will be coupled to a second terminal for the return current to complete the
circuit or if a greater number of circuits is to be taken from the machine a greater
number of contact plates or rubbers will be cut through and the currents will then
be taken off at one half of each contact plate and returned through the next
succeeding half contact plate which by the zig-zag metallic connections above
described is in electrical connection therewith.
In place of metallic contact plates or rubbers being used to complete a continuous
zig-zag circuit through the radial bars of the revolving wheel other ways of
completing a like continuous zig-zag circuit through the bars might be employed.
In place of the radial bars being revolved they might be stationary and the
magnets revolved. The magnets also might be placed in the centre between two
armatures made up of radial bars and contact rubbers or equivalent contact
apparatus.

page_text: These figures
Figure 6
Figure 8
In these
Figures 6, 7 and 8 shew the way in which we form electric mains.
shew the way in which the several lengths of main are coupled together.
shews how the lengths forming one continuous main are coupled together.
shews how a branch can be led off from the main at any desired point.
figures A is a metallic conductor enclosed within an iron tube B-the space C
between the two is run in with melted slag. The ends of the several lengths of
metallic conductor are made to fit together in the manner shewn at Figure 6 and
the ends of the enclosing tubes B are held together by an outer connecting tube B¹
in the manner shewn.
What we clain is-
First. The construction of dynamo-electric machines or electric generators for
producing continuous currents with the armature made up into a zig-zag conductor
composed partly of radial conducting bars in a magnetic field and partly of contact
bars or equivalent mechanism for making the required contacts between the outer
ends of the bars and between the inner ends of the bars substantially as herein
before described.
Second. The construction of the revolving wheel of dynamo-electric machines
in two halves bolted together and caused to grip and hold between them wedged
shaped feet formed on the inner ends of the radial conducting bars by which the
wheel is surrounded substantially as described.
Third. The construction of electrical mains substantially in the manner herein
before described and illustrated at Figures 6. 7 and 8.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred Thompson have hereunto set my hand
and seal this sixteenth day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
ALFRED THOMPSON (L.S.)