IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO THE ANNEALING OF OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cocker, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Wire Drawer, for the..Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO THE ANNEALING OF OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES,"
Sealed the 14th April 1857, and dated the 13th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cocker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1857.
I, JAMES COCKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Wire
Drawer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO THE ANNEALING OF OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the annealing appa-
ratus, for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the 10th December
1855. To prevent the direct action of the fire upon the oven or chamber
containing the wire to be annealed, I set the oven in a fire-brick flue, the
lower part of which forms a crown to the fire-place, and deflects the flame
laterally, thereby causing it to spread and play round the oven and heat
the same in a uniform manner.

page_text: To facilitate the cooling of the metal after it has passed out of the oven,
I fit up one of the cooling chambers (which are so constructed and
arranged as to prevent the access of cold air thereto while in use) with a
water jacket, and cause cold water to circulate therein and carry off from
the chamber the heat imparted to it by the heated wire.
Instead of constructing the chain from which the hanks of wire are
suspended as described in the Specification of my Patent referred to
above, I cast a given number of short axles, with a flat plate at their
centre to carry a hook, and on each of these axles I mount a pair of
bowles, so that they may turn loosely thereon. These axles I connect
together by side links, provided with elongated holes to receive the ends
of the axles, which have flanges corresponding to the form of the.
elongated holes. When, therefore, the axle ends are inserted, and a half
turn is given to them, the flanges will act like buttons and hold the links
in place. The bowles run on guides, formed at the top of the annealing
apparatus, and thus facilitate the traverse of the chain which carries the
wire.
.
By this arrangement of apparatus 1 propose also to anneal other
articles than wire, suspending them, as in the case of the hanks, from
hooks attached to the endless chain.
This Invention relates, secondly, to improvements on my machine for
scouring or polishing wire, whereby the wire is rendered fit (after being
submitted to the annealing process) to undergo the drawing operation.
The "hand" rubber or friction box through which the wire passes, and
by contact with which the scale on the wire is removed, instead of vibrat-
ing in, a vertical plane I now propose to make vibrate on a horizontal
plane, and thus prevent the emery or polishing.grit from being jerked out
of the box when set in rapid action. For traversing the wire through the
machine I employ a double ratchet movement, the clicks of which act
alternately, and cause the winding-on barrel to wind up the wire.
The Invention relates, thirdly, to the cleaning of wire by the vitriol
process. For this purpose, instead of depositing a pile of hanks in a
large vessel containing vitriol, I arrange a series of tanks side by side,
and fill one, two, or more with the acid, then one or more at the side
thereof with water, and the last of the series with coating lees. Above
these tanks a railway is set up to receive a traversing crane or carriage,
from which depends the wire that is to be acted upon. The banks of wire
are hung upon a bar pendent from the crane, which bar when brought
above the first vitriol tank is let down until the. hanks are immersed in
the acid. When they have been sufficiently acted upon in this tank, they
are raised and moved to the next, and then lowered as before. As soon

page_text: as the metallic surface has been sufficiently acted upon by the acid, the
hanks are carried forward and immersed in the water tanks, so as to
effectually remove all trace of acid from the metal. The hanks are then
immersed in the coating lees, and when removed are traversed into an
adjacent drying chamber.
The Invention relates, fourthly, to the "pointing of the hanks," in
order to permit of their ends being readily inserted into the dies. To
facilitate this operation, and ensure a good cylindrical surface for the
drawing plyers to take hold of, I first use a swaging die to reduce the dia-
meter of the wire, say, at a part about two or three feet from the end of
the hank; I then apply the wire to a draw bench, fitted with divided dies
(at both ends), which receive the swaged part of the wire between them,
and I draw the end of the wire through the dies, and thus get a portion
of the wire reduced to the proper diameter to enter the ordinary wire-
drawing dies.
The Invention relates, lastly, to the lubricating of the ordinary wire-
drawing plates or dies, the object being to enable one workman to attend
to two or more dies at the same time, and also to produce a better result.
Instead of applying the lubricating material by hand, I immerse the dies
in an oil vessel, keeping up the supply so that the level of the oil shall
remain somewhat above the operating surface of the dies. This I effect
either by making the oil vessel to rise and fall, or by fixing that vessel
and mounting the dies on a sliding plate or frame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Cocker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
COCKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Wire Drawer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Cocker, Her special license that I, the said
James Cocker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Cocker, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term-therein expressed, should and lawfully

page_text: might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE, PART OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE TO THE ANNEALING OF OTHER METALLIC ARTICLES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Cocker, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what man-
ner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Cocker, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and.figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates, firstly, to certain improvements upon the anneal-
ing furnace and apparatus connected therewith, for which Letters Patent
were granted to me on the Tenth December, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five, the object being to render the same more durable and less
capacious than the previously patented arrangement. In order to equal-
ize the distribution of the furnace heat, and prevent the direct action of
the fire upon the oven or chamber containing the hanks of wire to be
annealed, I set the oven in a fire-brick flue, the lower part of which forms
a kind of open crown to the fire place, and permits of the upward tra-
verse of the flame and heated gases, which are deflected laterally by an
inverted arch of brickwork, and caused to spread and play round the
oven and heat the same in a uniform manner.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 shews, in longitudinal
sectional elevation, Fig. 2 in plan view, and Fig. 3 in cross section, the
manner of setting the oven, so as to cause the flame of the fire to play
around instead of striking upon the oven.
a, a, are arches of fire brick, forming the top of the fire place and carry-
ing walls b, b; which form vertical side flues, and serve to support the
oven c, c, throughout its whole length. The lower half of the oven is
surrounded by an inverted arch or casing of fire bricks d, d. The flame
and heated gases pass upwards through the side flues, and playing around
the oven impart an equable heat to all parts of its circumference. e; e, is
the key of the inverted arch, and it is supported by a bracing arch f, which
intersects the cross arches that carry the walls b, b, and has its bearings
on the end walls of the-fire place, as shewn at Fig. 1. It should be
remarked that my improved annealing oven is formed with a slot at its

page_text: upper part, extending from end to end thereof, for the purpose of admit--
ting of the free passage through the oven of an endless chain.which carries.
the wire to be annealed into and through the oven and cooling chambers
of the annealing furnace.
To facilitate the cooling of the metal after it has passed out of the
oven, I fit up one of the cooling chambers (which are so constructed.and.
arranged as to prevent the access of cold air thereto while in use) with a
water jacket, and.cause cold water to circulate therein and carry off from
the chamber the heat imparted to it by the heated wire. In Fig. 1 a cooi-
ing chamber so fitted is shewn in longitudinal section, and in cross sec-
tion at Fig. 4. gg, is the chamber, formed of cast iron, and fitted with
horizontal rails for supporting the loaded traversing chain. This cham-
ber is surrounded by a closed water-tight tank, into which near the
bottom I propose to run cold water, and give it an exit at the upper part
thereof. The ends of the chamber I close with sliding doors i, i, which
are raised and lowered by spur pinions gearing into rack teeth attached
to the doors. The second cooling chamber I fit with the water jacket,
and I employ either two, three, or more cooling chambers, which lead
the one into the other and are closed against access of air. By this means
I am enabled to graduate the temperature of the cooling chambers, and
ensure the rapid cooling of the annealed wire. Instead of constructing
the chain from which the hanks of wire are suspended as described in.
the Specification of my Patent above referred to, I propose to construct
it after the manner shewn in plan and end views at Figures 5, and in the
detached views, Figures 6, Sheet 1. In carrying out this part of my
Invention, I cast a given number of short axles a, a, with a flat plate b
at their centre to carry a hook, and on each of these axles I mount a pair
of bowles c, c, so that they may turn loosely thereon. These axles I con-
nect together by side links d, d, provided with elongated holes to receive
the ends of the axles, which have flanges e, e, corresponding to the form.
of the elongated holes. When, therefore, the axle ends are inserted, and
a half turn is given to them, the flanges will act like buttons and hold
the links in place, as shewn in the side view of the chain. The bowles
run on the guides or rails h, which extend along the top of the anneal-
ing apparatus, and they thus, by reducing the friction of the traversing
chain, which would otherwise be very great when loaded with wire,
facilitate the working of the apparatus."
-
By this arrangement of apparatus I propose also to anneal other
articles than wire, suspending them, as in the case of the hanks, from
hooks attached to the endless chain.
This Invention relates; secondly, to improvements on the machine for

page_text: scouring or polishing wire, for which I obtained Her Majesty's Royal
Letters Patent, as aforesaid. In this machine, the "hand" rubber or
friction box through which the wire was passed, and by contact with
which the scale on the wire was removed, instead of being caused to
vibrate in a vertical plane, I now propose to make vibrate on a horizontal
plane, and thus prevent the emery or polishing grit from being jerked
out of the box when set in rapia action. I also propose to traverse the
wire through the machine by means of a double ratchet movement, the
clicks of which act alternately, and cause the winding-on drum to wind
up the drum.
the same.
In Sheet II. of the Drawings, Fig. 1 shews my improved polishing or
scouring machine in side elevation, and Fig. 2 is a partial plan view of
The "hand" or friction box is shewn at a, a; it is jointed at
a to a carriage a², which is mounted on rollers, and runs in ways provided
for it on the main framing of the machine Jointed to the friction box is
a crank rod b, which connects it to a crank pin on the wheel c.
This
wheel is keyed on an axle d, which receives motion through a band and
pulleys from the main driving. shaft e. A spur wheel on the shaft e
gears into a spur wheel on the axle of a crank wheel f; from which
depends the rod for operating the ratchet movement before mentioned.
The internal form of the "hand" or friction box is such, that the open-
ing through which the wire to be polished is passed expands radially from
the centre. This is for the purpose of allowing the box to vibrate or
swing on its fulcrum a while being travered backwards and forwards
rapidly over the wire, which is slowly drawn through the box at tension
during the operation. The vibrating motion of the box during its tra-
verse over the wire is produced by the strain of the wire first on one side
and then on the other of the box; thus a lateral as well as a longitudinal
rub is given to the wire, and a bright surface is quickly imparted thereto.
The box is fed with emery or other polishing powder from a funnel, and
the interior of the box is lined with leather or other soft substance which
will retain the polishing powder and present a good rubbing surface to
the travelling wire.
I will now explain the ratchet movement for imparting the forward
motion to the wire. Pendent from the crank wheel f is a rod 9. which is
jointed to a lazy-tongs arrangement of levers h, h, having for their fixed
fulcrum the shaft i of a ratchet wheel . The joint pin which connects
the rod g with the levers projects into a vertical guide formed in a stan-
dard carried by the main framing. On the shaft i a drum 1 for receiving
the wire is keyed, and jointed to the levers 7 are driving clicks m, m,
which take into the teeth of the ratchet wheel, A retaining click n,

page_text: jointed to the main framing, is kept in contact with the ratchet wheel
by a spring, and thus prevents that wheel from running back. It will
now be understood that as the crank wheel receives rotary motion, it
will bring the clicks m alternately into action, and thus cause the drum
to wind up the cleaned or polished wire upon its periphery.
The Invention relates, thirdly, to the cleaning of wire by the vitriol
process, the object being to ensure an equable action of the acid on all
the wire composing one batch, and also greatly to simplify the manipula-
tion of the process. For this purpose, instead of depositing a pile of
hanks in a large vessel containing vitriol, I arrange a series of tanks in
a row or rows, and fill one or more with the acid, the adjoining tanks with
water, and the last of the series with coating lees. Above these tanks
a railway is set up to receive a traversing crane or carriage, from which
depends the wire that is to be acted upon. The hanks of wire are hung
upon a bar pendent from the crane, which bar, when brought above the
vitriol tank, is let down until the hanks are immersed in the acid. When
the metallic surface has been sufficiently acted upon by the acid, the hanks
are carried forward and submitted to the action of beaters to remove
the scale therefrom; they are then immersed in water to destroy all trace
of the acid on the metal, and they are subsequently immersed in the
coating lees. When removed from the coating lees tank they are
traversed along the railway into an adjacent drying chamber.
In Sheet III., Fig. 1 represents, in plan view, and Fig. 2, in side eleva-
tion, my improved arrangement of apparatus for cleaning wire by the
vitriol process.
a, a, is a railway, supported on pillars at any con-
venient height from the ground or floor of the works. Upon this railway
runs a crane c, c, for hoisting and lowering the wire from and into the tanks
The tanks are shewn as arranged in pairs, two groups of hanks being
intended to be acted upon simultaneously. d, d, are the vitriol tanks;
e, e, water tanks; and f, f, the tanks containing the lees. Between the
vitriol and water tanks rotating beaters g, g, are provided, for knocking
off the scale from the hanks. Beyond the lees tank is the heated chamber
h, h, for receiving the hanks as they are drawn out of the lees, and driving
off the moisture from the surface of the wire. The crane consists of a
frame c, c, mounted on running wheels and carrying two chain barrels
i, i, from each of which depends a chain . To the extremities of these
chains are attached hinged claws which hook into lugs affixed to wooden
bars ; these bars are fitted at their ends with links for carrying the
wooden bars m on which the hanks of wire are strung. For the purpose of
driving the chain, barrels bevil gearing n, o, is employed, the axles of
the pinions o being provided with a chain wheel p, the endless chain q

page_text: from which hangs down to a convenient distance for the attendant and
workman to reach. As, therefore, the hanks are required to be raised or
lowered, the workman will pull the chain q round to the right or left,
and thereby wind up or unwind the chains ; a band or chain round the
pullies on the axle of their respective barrels will give a simultaneous
rotary motion to both barrels, and permit of the mechanism being set in
operation at either side of the apparatus. The traverse motion of the
crane is given by means of an endless chain, which passes over a chain
wheels, on the axle of one of the running. wheels. When a sufficient num-
ber of hanks to be cleaned is hung upon the bars m, they are taken hold
of by the links of the bars and lifted by the machinery just described; a
traverse motion is then given to the carriage to bring the hanks
immédiately over the vitriol tanks, and when arrived at this position they
are left down into the liquor; after remaining there a sufficient time to
loosen the scale, they are lifted out of the liquor, traversed forward and
immersed in the water tank, by which means the acid is removed from
the surface of the metal. The hanks are then submitted to the action of
the rotating beaters g, g, (or 'they may be operated upon by hand if
thought desirable), and when the loose scale is knocked off they are
immersed in the lees tank, and being thus coated with lees, .they are
raised up out of the tank and carried forward to the drying chamber h,
which is built of bricks, and fitted with sliding doors at its ends. The
chamber is heated by a furnace fire or otherwise, as found most con
venient.
The Invention relates, fourthly, to the "pointing of the hanks," in order
to permit of their ends being readily inserted into the dies. To facilitate
this operation, and ensure a good cylindrical surface for the drawing
plyers to take hold of, I first use a swaging die to reduce the diameter of
the wire, say, at a part about two or three feet from the end of the hank;
I then apply the wire to a draw bench fitted with divided dies, which re-
ceive the swaged part of the wire between them, and I draw the end of
the wire through the dies, and thus get a portion of the wire reduced to
proper diameter to enter the ordinary wire-drawing dies.
the
In Sheet. IV., Fig. 1 shews, in front elevation, and Fig. 2, in cross
section, the drop die which I employ for forming a neck on the wire
previous to drawing down the end thereof. It consists of two standards
a, a, connected together by a cross head b, through which works a guide
pin c attached to a hollow drop d. This drop carries at its lower end a
half die e of suitable shape to form with the counter die f the neck on
the wire. The standards a, a, are faced to form guides for the drop d, and

page_text: the drop is raised in the guides by means of a rotating cam g, the axle of
which has its bearings in the side standards.
When the excentric portion of the cam has passed the shoulder which
bears against the cam, the drop will fall, and the half dies will come into
contact and compress the wire which has been laid between them, and
thereby form a neck of reduced diameter. When employing the drop die
to swage wire of large size, I propose to surround the guide pin c with
a coiled spring, which will give an increased impetus to the descent of
the falling die, and cause it to act with increased energy on the wire, but
when wire of small gauge is under operation the weight of the die alone
will suffice for forming the neck. The wire thus prepared is next sub-
jected to the drawing dies, shewn in front elevation at Fig. 1, Sheet V..
These dies, instead ofobeing made like the common wordle or die in one
piece, are formed of semi-dies, the lower die a being fixed on the bed of
the die frame b, and the upper die c being attached to a block d, which
slides up and down between the standards, as in the arrangement just
explained. A screw e, which passes through the crosshead of the frame b,
carries the block d, and by means of a lever f the screw is turned and the
block and upper die raised or depressed, as required. In order to permit
of the insertion of the wire in the drawing dies, the upper die is slightly
raised, and the wire being then adjusted so that the neck formed on the
wire lies on the lower die, the upper die is brought down, and the wire
is thus gripped between them. The drawing is then effected by the
arrangement shewn in side elevation at Fig. 2, in plan view at Fig. 3,
and in sectional elevation at Fig. 4, to which steam power is employed
for drawing or pointing the wire. In these Figures four sets of dies are
shewn as applied to one draw bench, which is to be attended by four boys
or workmen. The dies are placed in pairs at opposite ends of the bench;
and between them a reciprocating table g is mounted on the bench. This
table is fitted with four supports h for carrying the hanks to be pointed,
and attached to opposite sides of the table are plyers, which are intended
to grip the wire and draw it out from between the drawing dies. Bolted
to the under side of the table are racks i, i, into the teeth of which gear
pinions k, keyed on the cross shaft l, which has its bearings in the side
frames of the draw bench. On the shaft is a spur wheel m, which re-
ceives motion from a pinion n on the main driving shaft o. As, therefore,
rotary motion is communicated through the driving pulley p to the shaft o;
the table will be traversed to and fro from one set of dies to the other;
and by that means the ends of wire as they are inserted and secured in
the dies will be drawn out and prepared for insertion in the ordinary.
wordle or drawing die. This mode of pointing the wire will, besides.

page_text: effecting an economy over the ordinary method of pointing by the forge
hammer, greatly expedite the drawing operation, as wire thus treated
may have a point drawn to such a length as to permit of its being at
once attached to the winding-on drum, and the pulling-up motions
effected by the plyers attached to the wire block will be dispensed with.
In arranging a workshop for the carrying out of this part of my Invention,
I propose to place four benches, as shewn in Sheet V., providing dies of
different gauges for each bench, and between these benches I place four
drop dies for forming the neck on the wire preparatory to drawing down
the end thereof.
The Invention relates, lastly, to the lubricating of the ordinary wire-
drawing plates or dies, the object being to enable one workman to attend
to two or more dies at the same time, and also to produce a better result.
Instead of applying the lubricating material to the wire by hand, I
immerse the dies in a vessel containing oil, and the wire in passing
forward will carry the oil into the dies and lubricate the surfaces sub-
jected to the friction of the passing wire. The dies may be caused to
descend and dip into the oil, or the oil vessel may be raised to the dies
when they are in action; the result will be the same in either case, but I
prefer the latter arrangement.
The means for effecting this object is shewn in three views in Sheet VI.,
wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a lubricating apparatus with the die
or draw plate applied thereto; Fig. 2 is an end view, with part of the side
of the oil box removed; and Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the frame of the
lubricating apparatus.
This apparatus, it will be seen, consists of a strong rectangular hollow
frame of iron a, within which is placed the oil box b, fitted with slotted
end plates b*, to allow of the insertion of the wire in and its free passage
(at varying levels) through the box. To the under side of the top of the
frame a the pendent bracket c is bolted, and in the lower end of this
bracket is inserted the die d. In front and at back of this bracket are
plates e, e, which are also secured to the top of the frame. The lower
ends of these plates fit in vertical guides f, f, fixed to and standing up from
the ends of the movable oil box. Between these guides are also fitted
sliding pieces or plates e*, e*, which have an upward tendency given to
them by the pressure of coiled springs g, g, interposed between them and
the bottom of the oil box.
These pairs of end plates are intended to close upon each other re-
spectively when the wire is immersed in the oil, and thereby to cover the
slots in the end plates b*, and prevent the escape of oil from the apparatus.
A half-round socket is formed in the contact edges to receive the wire

page_text: and permit of their closing upon it, so as to prevent the escape of oil!
To the sides of the oil box are attached chains i, i, pendent from barrels
, k, which are keyed to a shaft l, having its bearings in the top of 'the
frame a. This shaft also carries a ratchet wheel m, into the teeth of
which a click n takes for the purpose of holding it in any required
position.
Supposing, now, the apparatus to be in the position shewn in the
Drawing (that is, the oil box depressed), and it is required to commence
the operation of drawing the wire, the pointed end of the wire is first
threaded through the die d and secured to the winding-on drum of the
draw bench, and the oil box is then raised to the dotted position of Fig. 1
by turning a winch handle on the shaft and winding up the chains i, i.
The drawing then proceeds, as usual, and the oil in the box being raised
and kept up above the level of the wire, the die will be constantly
lubricated, and that without the assistance of the workmen, it being
simply his office as the oil is expended either to increase the elevation of
the box or to add more oil thereto, as circumstances require.
By this means the wire may be drawn with a smoother and brighter
face than it is possible to attain by simple drawing according to the oil
method, and the wearing of the dies will be greatly reduced. In order to
catch the overflow oil, I surround the apparatus with a receiver o, o, from
which the oil may be withdrawn from time to time by a tap p:
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of improvements in
and apparatus for the manufacture of wire, part of which improvements is
applicable to the annealing of other metallic articles, I wish it to be
understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First, the means described for moderating the intensity of the action
of the furnace heat upon my improved annealing oven.
Secondly, the application of a water jacket or water space to one or
more of the cooling chambers of my improved annealing apparatus, for
permitting the circulation of water around such chamber or chambers,
and thus keeping down the temperature of the air contained therein.
Thirdly, the mode of constructing the travelling endless chain, as above
described.
Fourthly, vibrating the "hand" or friction box of the polishing machine
in a horizontal plane, whereby the tendency of the polishing grit to start
out of the box when set in rapid action is avoided.
Fifthly, actuating the winding-on barrel of the polishing machine by
the means above described.
Sixthly, the means herein described for subjecting a series of hanks of
wire to be cleaned by the pickling process simultaneously to the action of

page_text: the acid and simultaneously withdrawing them therefrom; and also for,
effecting in like manner the immersion of the hanks in water, and subse;"
quently in lees, all for the purposes above explained.
Seventhly, the mode above described for "pointing" the hanks or re-
ducing the diameter of the end of the wire to facilitate the threading of
the end through the die or plate of the draw bench previously to com-
mencing the several stages of the process of drawing..
And, lastly, the means herein set forth, or any mere modification there-
of, for lubricating the dies or draw plates during the drawing operation."
In witness whereof, I, the said James Cocker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Vitness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
JAMES COCKER. (L.S.)