IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM PATON BUCHAN of 21 Renfrew Street Glasgow in the County of
Lanark, Sanitary and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS " and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in induced current fixed venti-
lators is a further development of the Inventions for which Letters Patent
respectively dated and numbered, 30th May 1877 N° 2102; July 9th 1878,
No 2745; March 22nd 1883 No 1502 were granted to me for " Improvements in
ventilators and ventilating appliances.
Figure 1 of the drawings annexed hereto is a vertical section and figure 2,
a horizontal section of an induced current fixed ventilator illustrating the improve-
ments constituting the present invention the said ventilator being adapted to be
fixed in position by passing it over the upper end of the air uptake pipe the venti-
lator being rested or supported on the upper edge of the said pipe by the pins,
spikes or projections a.
Figure 3, illustrates on a larger scale modifications of the improved ventilator
shewn with a square base to rest on a scat on the ridge of the roof as at figure 4, or
other situation. The dotted lines indicate the relative positions of the louvers and
base when ornamental pillars b, are used.
Hitherto in the majority of my said ventilators plates constituting outer louvers
or wind guards as at c, have been employed. These guards c, when of O. G, or
analogous shape in horizontal section have always had a backing plate extending
from edge to edge of the guard this backing plate being in most cases flat, as will
be clearly seen on reference to figure 3, of the drawings annexed to the specification
under my patent of 1883 N° 1502, but in some cases curved or convex towards the
air passage as seen at figures 4 B, 4 C, and 20 of the drawings annexed to the
specification under my patent of 1878 N° 2745.
This invention consists in dispensing with such backing plates for the outer OG,
or analogous wind guards or louvers and in combining louvers so modified with the
arrangement of interior louvers shown on figures 2 and 3, whereby a wider space
for the air currents to pass through the ventilator in the direction of the arrows is
obtained whilst at the same time the size of the head in proportion to the diameter
of the pipe d, is or may be diminished. The interior louvers surrounding the
uptake pipe d, consist of plates which may be angled, bevelled or inclined as at e,
the angle being at a point intermediate between the louvers c, and the pipe d, and
meeting or being upon a line drawn radially from the centre of the pipe d, through
the centre of the space between two of the outer louvers or wind guards c, or as
shown at e, figure 3, the interior louver may have two curves upon it the angle

page_text: enclosed by the junction of the curves being at the position aforesaid; or as shown
at e, figure 3, the said interior louver plate may be flat. The ends of the interior
louvers e, may be bent or have tails upon them as at f, figure 3, to contract the
space and help to keep out water and a sheet of wire gauze, perforated zinc
or equivalent material may extend across the space between the ends as at g,
figure 3.
Besides the louver plates e, other louvers are employed, these consisting of curved
or plain V shaped plates h, the apex of each of which is at a point equi-distant
from the ends of the plates e, from which point the sides or curves extend inwards
towards the ventilating pipe d, and they may be terminated or not in outwardly
curving edges or tail pieces as at i, figure 3, all which are modifications or adapta-
tions of the V louvers mentioned at lines 8, and 9, page 5 of the printed copy of
my 1878 N° 2745 Specification. Instead of being plain V shaped the plates may
be formed as at j, figure 3, When perforated metal is used as at g, figure 3, the V
may be flattened and its apex preferably placed back as shown at x.
These shaped guard plates or louvers prevent rain or water being blown or
finding ingress to the interior of the ventilating pipe d, through the space between
the ends of the louvers e, and in some cases they may be dispensed with when the
perforated metal plates g, are used.
Figure 4, of the drawings illustrates one adaptation of the improved ventilator to
the ventilating of a room or other apartment the ventilator being placed on the
upper end of the pipe %, whose lower end opens into a box l, set on the joisting m,
or elsewhere, as most suitable, and provided or not with a pipe and cock n, for
drawing off condensed moisture. The box is divided into two compartments by a
perforated division o, extending across it and furnished with hanging valves p,
which when a down-draught takes place through the pipe k, as according to my
experience sometimes occurs with every wind acting exhaust ventilator which has
no valve upon it, close against the division o, and prevent down-draught through
the pipe, communicating with the compartment. The pipe r, may either be
situated as shown or connected to the side of the box as indicated in dotted lines.
The compartment communicating with the pipe r, may have a removable lid or
cover 8, for access and in the other compartment spy windows which also serve as
access openings may be placed in order that the working of the valves p, and a
valve t', for closing the lower end of the pipe k, may be viewed.
To prevent the upper valve p, when wide open from being thrown flat against
the top of the box and there sticking an inclined piece u, of perforated zinc or its
equivalent may be used and the valve t¹, may rest against a seat w, to enable it to
be the more easily closed. In place of the weight to open the valve t¹, a spring or
springs may be used.
Any desired number of branch pipes may lead into the pipe k, each of which
branches may have a separate valve box l, and the branch pipes instead of entering
at the top of their boxes may enter from the sides or ends thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In an induced current uptake fixed ventilator the combination of outer wind
guard or louver plates c, constructed substantially as shown and described with
inner louver plates or guards arranged substantially as described with reference to
the drawings annexed.