Process for the Complete Refining of Sugar.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process for the Complete Refining of Sugar.
GEORGES RANSON, of Phalempin, Department of Nord in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This is a process to obtain colourless syrups, derived from raw beet-root or cane
sugars, by taking from them the chief part of the coloured molecules by oxydising
those that are poor in oxygen or that do not contain any, and by reducing those
which are rich in oxygen.
I make use of bi-oxyde of barium capable of being regenerated several times and
according to the quantity of syrup to be treated. I can 1) employ it alone by
using the apparatuses which will be described hereafter; 2) by preparing a special
solution of it, with the addition of a very small quantity of bone-black to set free
the oxygen which combines with the coloured organic substances.
Figs. 1 to 6 represent the apparatuses used for decolorizing and clearing or
refining.
Figs. 7 to 20 show the arrangement of the mould into which the decolorized
syrup is run.
'
Figs. 21 & 22 show the damp-air apparatus and,
Figs. 23 & 24 the table for lifting from the mould.
The loosening of the tablets is effected by means of the lever-press (Figs. 25
to 30).
To employ the bi-oxyde of barium alone, I purify it as much as possible and I
dilute it in a volume of water to obtain a solution of about 20° to, 25° Baumé. It
is this solution which I add, in proportions vig from 2 to 5 per cent., to the
syrup which I convey into a tank B (Fig.at a temperature of triple effect, or
cold if it is a matter of re-melted sugs. A float-board agitator A facilitates the
mixing and keeps the mass homogenous. I leave the solution and the syrup in
contact until the whole of the gas has been given off. Carbonating is effected by
allowing the syrup to flow away gradually through a suitable pipe, which brings it
into the hollow and vertical shaft (Fig. 2; the latter is kept in continual
agitation by a rotary movement acting on a pivot of a piece with the apparatus C,
into which carbonic acid gas enters through the pipe C. The case B', keyed on
the shaft A', is provided with numerous holes. Its outer appearance is that of a
tubing rolled round A' and inside there are cavities corresponding to the vertical
openings represented by dotted lines, Fig. 2. In this way, the syrup escapes by
the holes in B¹ to be thrown by centrifugal force into an atmosphere of carbonic acid
gas which I create by placing B' in the middle of a hermetically closed recipient C.
This apparatus is furnished with a safety-valve and a steam gauge. If a simple
shoot is insufficient, a pump B2 will carry the syrup, partially carbonated and
bring it into the tank B, Fig. 1.
The
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the apparatus C; the vertical and hollow
shaft B3, B4 is fixed and it is furnished with numerous holes B5.
part B4 is in communication with the vessel B, Fig. 1; the syrup arriving at
the shrinkage or contraction between B 3 and B 4 carries with it a certain quantity
of carbonic acid gas, proceeding from the pipe t, aud falls into the vessel B6 from

page_text: which a pump B 7 raises it into B and occasions the circuit until the carbonating
is completed.
I, afterwards, separate the carbonate of barium by filtration to transform it into
bi-oxyde of barium; it can be used again for another operation.
In the case of small sugar factories, the operation is effected by the cold process,
in a tank provided with a float-board agitator. The reaction is rapidly brought
about. I have remarked that the carbon (bone-black) causes slow decomposition,
the oxygen set free combines, in the nascent condition, with the coloured organic
substances.
In refining, if I have to do with raw products, sufficiently pure, say of the
commercial type known as No. 3, I do not dissolve the sugar, I reduce it by
means of a crusher into grains of the size of the refined product. On the other
hand, I prepare a cleare, with No. 3, of a solution at 36° Baumé; I treat it with
about 3% of byoxyde of barium (in the form of oxydised water chemically pure),
and per cent. of fine or impalpable bone-black, when oxydisation is complete, I
filter and thus obtain an absolutely colourless cleare.
I make use of the apparatuses shewn in Figs. 5 & 6 which form a channel with
a double bottom, in the middle of which moves a shaft D, bearing float-boards H,
arranged like a screw. The crushed sugar reaches G, being drawn by the motion
of the shaft. The cleare arrives through the taps R, R'. The pure oxydised
water is distributed by the apparatus which is composed of an air-pump B8 and a
recipient B 9. The pressure of air in B 9 forces it to ascend in the pipe B 10; it
passes out into T 2 where it becomes mixed with air, which divides it and forces it
to fall in very fine rain on the mass. The speed of the float-board apparatus
and the orifice of the taps R, R2 is regulated in such a manner that when
the sugar arrives in the part 02, it will be in the form of a paste analogous
to the boiled mass and it will have received the desired quantity of oxydised
water.
In O¹, a somewhat wider float-board, arranged in screw-form, forces the mass to
pass into M where are the blades F, F, which pass between the fixed rods E, E
(see Fig. 6), the section on x, x of Fig. 5 and render the whole mass homogenous.
The steam admitted into the double bottom heats the mixture to about 60° C.
The mass goes out by B 11 to be conveyed into the apparatuses which form it
into tablets.
I can operate in the same way on grape-sugars.
In order to make my decolouring process more economical, I transform the
carbonate of baryte into bi-oxyde of barium, leading it into a closed tank Fig. 4
so as to be able to collect carbonic acid gas for carbonating as above described.
I attack the carbonate with azotic acid to form carbonic acid and nitrate of
barium which will be easily decomposable by heat and will give pure baryta :
No text detected.
In the preceding operation, nitrous vapours are produced; for the regeneration of
the azotic acid, they are directed into bermetically closed chambers, constructed of
volcanic lava. After the injection into those chambers of stean, water and air, the
nitrogen, in presence of the oxygen of the air gives NO2 which is transformed again
by the help of water into NO³H.
The syrup, decolourized and refined by one or other of the methods above
described, is then run into a mould, to be loosened, after cooling by a lever-press
(see Fig. 26).
Fig. 25 shows the tablet-block J, as obtained by the mould which may be of
various forms, as will be explained further on. The tablets need not be touched
by the hand to be detached from the metal plates.
My tablet mould, shewn in Figs. 7 to 10, offers the advantage above mentioned.
Taken as a whole, it is in the form of a case K usually rectangular.
Grooves K¹ receive a plate K2 Fig. 9 wedge-shaped, so that each of its faces

page_text: will be parallel to those of the case K 2 possesses two channels or grooves K3, K3
Fig. 8, in front of K 4 to receive eyed wedges Figs. 8 & 9.
The principal plate K 2 and the parallel walls of the case, have grooves K 6
which receive the blades K 7.
If the lower part of the case is shut off by a plane plate, K8 and if it is filled
with the boiled mass, a series of almost rectangular tablets will be obtained. The
angle-piece K 9 and the india-rubber K 10 form a stanch joint. The same arrange-
ment exists for the cover K 11.
I have shewn a mould of right compartments with perforated plates K 13 giving
sugar blocks easily detachable when lifted from the mould.
The journals K 12 serve for carrying the mould on to the "lifting" table Z
Fig. 23.
The liquoring". table K14 is composed of a basin with a tap K 15 and a
pipe K 16 ending in an air-exhausting machine.
Instead of a moveable mould, I can construct a fixed one L placed above the
plate of the "lifting" machine Z.
Figs. 11 to 14 show this modification. The chief partitions L' and reglets L2
arranged respectively on the sides L3, L4 of the mould form, with the base-
plate L5, a combination capable of receiving the syrup and producing, as before
rectangular tablets. The base L5 provided with wheels, is replaced by the
"liquoring" table L6 when it is desired to effect this operation. The vacuum
is created by the orifice L7; care must be taken to close the air-tap L8. The
tap L 9 is used for emptying the syrup remaining at the bottom.
The apparatus L 10 is a level indicator. The cross-pieces L 11 hold up the
partitions L'. A lid L 12 carries a pipe communicating with the damp-air
apparatus Q, Fig. 21. For the rapid cooling of the boiled mass, refrigerating
boxes L 13, bearing a pipe L 14, are placed at regular intervals in the mould L.
The perforated plates L 15, arranged horizontally, divide the total height, in the
example shewn, into three parts.
The syrup on reaching the mould remains there until it is solidified. That part
of the boiled mass which exceeds the top of the reglets, is brushed off. Then a
vacuum will be produced in L6 when the green syrup will have attained a level
determined by the apparatus L 10. The vacuum tap closed, those at L 8 and L 9
will be opened. Meanwhile, at a suitable moment, a certain quantity of cleare will
have been put on the small-plates at the upper part, the same being composed
preferably of bi-oxyde of barium to decolorize and refine the syrup conveyed into
the mould. Again the vacuum is commenced in L 6 and the taps L 8 and L 9 are
worked to carry off the impure syrup. When the "liquoring" is finished, the
vacuum will still be continued to suck out the tablets, and the final operation.
will consist in putting the cover L 12 in communication with the apparatus Q,
Fig. 21.
In order to effect an economy of cleare, moulds V, V 1, V 2, Fig. 15, represented
in the drawings each as high as a tablet, are placed over each other together making
a joint with a flat bottom V 3, or a liquoring table V 6. A single lid V 7 will
serve for all the moulds and a wedge V5 will be secured at the centre, Fig. 17.
Brushing off takes place in the crown or raising part V 4, Fig. 16. As before
the operations of liquoring and sucking out may be done by the tubulures V 8, V 6..
In this case, the "lifting" table V 9 is of such dimensions, that the mould V will
be able to sink, Fig. 18, in order that the tablets may remain on V 9.
The reglets may also have their upper part curved, Fig. 19; in this case, they
form a notch Y which allows of each tablet being separated with a regular cleavage
along the indent. By this modification, the perforated horizontal separations are
done away with.
To make ingots, there can be placed in each compartment, originally intended to
produce a tablet, a zinc reglet Y 1, Fig. 20. At the moment of loosening, this,
reglet encloses in its concave parts, sugar ingots Y 2.
The use of damp air facilitates lifting from the moulds by lessening the adhesion,

page_text: of the tablets to the reglets. My apparatus Q, Figs. 21 & 22, consists of a box Q
the dome of which is furnished with plunging pipes Q2 and the lower bottom
carries a large pipe.Q3. Under this case, a compartment Q4 communicates
with Qby the pipe Q3 aud, in its lower part, a perforated sheet of iron Q5
connects it with a recipient Q6, open at its base, and is secured on the
mould K or L.
In creating the vacuum under the tablets, the exhausted air which crosses them
will be damp, when a sufficient quantity of water is placed in Q! in order that the
bottom of the tubes Q2 may be immersed. The outer air will enter by Q 2 in Q¹
and will not be able to penetrate into the mould before having passed through the
water. The perforated sheet-iron Q5 will divide this air and prevent it from
reaching the tablets with too great speed. This apparatus is provided with
handles Q 7.
The mechanical and automatical "lifting" table Z comprises the standards Z³,
Fig. 23, fixed to a frame Z2 and connected at the upper part by a cap. This
frame carries a nut Z 3 of a piece with the toothed-wheel work Z4 governed by a
pinion Z 5. The screw Z6 of the nut Z3 bears the "lifting" table Z.
Small brackets Z7 and reversed brackets Z8 are carried by the standards,
Fig. 24.
To work the whole apparatus, after having arranged the mould K towards the
guides Z 7, the screw Z 9, set in motion, descends, guided by Z 10. The support Z 11
has hooks to enter the holes of the plates.
Then, under Z8, two iron bars Z 12 are introduced, of such a shape that,
embracing the mould in its lower part, they will prevent it from ascending.
The three plates being hooked, the screw, turning in a contrary direction to that
in which it descended, will draw the three wedges from the solidified mass.
By an ascending movement, the screw Z6, engaging the "lifting" table.will
liberate the four tablet blocks from the walls of the mould.
Each block, Fig. 25, taken from the horizontal sheet iron is transported under
the plate J 2, Figs. 26 to 28, to loosen it. The tablets J, being separated from each
other by the metal blades J', Fig. 25, or those above described, it will be seen that
by placing the block on a surface J 8 and by suspending the plate J 2 having the
grooves J 3 all that has to be done is to exercise pressure by means of the lever J 4
on all the tablets at once in order to make them slide vertically. By abandoning
the lever, which oscillates on the axis J5 placed in the frame, it resumes its
position J 7 by the help of the counterweight J 9.
The loosening process, as described, supposes that the tablets have been dried in
the mould; should this not be the case, the basket J 10 serves to transport the
block to the stove, Figs. 29 & 30.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A complete sugar-refining process by the use of bi-oxyde of barium alone, or in
the form of oxygenated water chemically pure, mixed with the syrup in the
apparatus described and as shewn in Figs. 1 to 6, in the accompanying drawings,
the arrival of this syrup decolourized and refined in a mould K, Fig. 7, for making
the tablets, or some modified forms thereof, Figs. 11, 15, in which wedges K 2,
K 5, K5 and vertical blades K 7, or partitions Land reglets L 2 with perforated
sheet-iron plates fixed horizontally, form a series of rectangular partitions on which
a space is reserved for brushing off and adding the quantity of cleare determined
upon and under which is situated a "liquoring" table K 14 or L 6 or V 6, with
which, by means of the vacuum, the operations of "liquoring" sucking out and the
like, are carried on, when the syrup is partially solidified. The modifications of
the reglets Y and Y₁ to suppress the horizontal perforated iron sheets. The
apparatus placed on the mould to convey damp air facilitating the rapid detachment
of the tablets which might adhere too tightly to the walls of the reglets. The

page_text: "lifting" table and the arrangement of the screws Z 6, Z9 in order to remove the
vertical plates to set free the tablet-blocks J, which will be loosened by the lever-
press, Fig. 26, the whole as described in the above specification and shewn in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of Max 1806
L. DUVINAGE,
Agent for Applicant.
1, GEORGES RANSON, of Phalempin Department of Nord in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
This is a process to obtain colourless syrups, derived from raw beet-root or cane
sugars, by taking from them the chief part of the coloured molecules by oxydising
those that are poor in oxygen or that do not contain any, and by reducing those
which are rich in oxygen.
I make use of bi-oxyde of barium capable of being regenerated several times
and according to the quantity of syrup to be treated-
I can 1) employ it alone by using the apparatuses which will be described.
hereafter;
2) By preparing a special solution of it, with the addition of a very small
quantity of bone-black to set free the oxygen which combines with the coloured
organic substances.
In the drawings, which illustrate my invention and which have been filed with
the Provisional Specification:
Figs. 1 to 6 represent the apparatuses used for decolorizing and clearing, or
refining.
Figs. 7 to 20 show the arrangement of the mould into which the decolorized.
syrup is run.
Figs. 21 & 22 show the damp-air apparatus and
Figs. 23 & 24 the table for lifting from the mould. The loosening of the tablets.
is effected by means of the lever-press (Figs. 25 to 30).
To employ the bi-oxyde of barium alone, I purify it as much as possible and I
dilute it in a volume of water to obtain a solution of about 20° to 25° Baumé. It.
is this solution which I add, in proportions varying from 2 to 5 per cent., to the
syrup which I convey into a tank B (Fig. 1) at a temperature of triple effect, or
cold if it is a matter of re-melted sugars. A float-board agitator A facilitates the
mixing and keeps the mass homogenous. I leave the solution and the syrup in
contact until the whole of the gas has been given off. Carbonating is effected by
allowing the syrup to flow away gradually through a suitable pipe, which brings it.
into the hollow and vertical shat A (Fig. 2); the latter is kept in continual
agitation by a rotary movement, acting on a pivot, of a piece with the apparatus C,
into which carbonic acid gas enters through the pipe C. The case 13, keyed on
the shaft A', is provided with numerous holes. Its outer appearance is that of a
tubing rolled round A' and inside there are cavities corresponding to the vertical
openings represented by dotted lines (Fig. 2). In this way, the syrup escapes by
the holes in B' to be thrown by centrifugal force into an atmosphere of carbonic
acid gas which I create by placing B in the middle of a hermetically closed
recipient C. This apparatus is furnished with a safety-valve and a steam gauge..

page_text: If a simple shoot is insufficient, a pump B2 will carry the syrup, partially
carbonated and bring it into the tank B. (Fig. 1).
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the apparatus C; the vertical and hollow
shaft B3, B4 is fixed and it is furnished with numerous holes B5. The part B4
is in communication with the vessel B (Fig. 1); the syrup arriving at the shrinkage
or contraction between B3 and B 4 carries with it a certain quantity of carbonic
acid gas, proceeding from the pipe t, and falls into the vessel B6 from which a
pump B7 raises it into B and occasions the circuit until the carbonating is
completed.
I, afterwards, separate the carbonate of barium by filtration to transform it into
bi-oxyde of barium; it can be used again for another operation.
In the case of small sugar factories the operation is effected by the cold process
in a tank provided with a float board agitator. The reaction is rapidly brought
about. I have remarked that the carbon (bone-black) causes slow decomposition,
the oxygen set free combines, in the nascent condition with the coloured organic
substances.
In refining, if I have to do with raw products, sufficiently pure, say of the
commercial type known as No. 3, I do not dissolve the sugar; I reduce it by means
of a crusher into grains of the size of the refined product. On the other hand,
I prepare a cleare, with No. 3 of a solution at 36° Baumé I treat it with
about 3% of bi-oxyde of barium (in the form of oxydised water, chemically pure)
and per cent. of fine or impalpable bone-black; when oxydisation is complete,
1 filter and thus obtain an absolutely colourless cleare.
I make use of the apparatuses shewn in Figs. 5 & 6 which form a channel with
a double bottom, in the middle of which moves a shaft D, bearing float-boards H,
arranged like a screw. The crushed sugar reaches G being drawn by the motion
of the shaft. The cleare arrives through the taps R, R¹. The pure oxydised
water is distributed by the apparatus which is composed of a air-pump B 8 and a
recipient B 9. The pressure of air in B9 forces it to ascend in the pipe B 10; it
passes out into T 2 where it becomes mixed with air, which divides it and forces it
to fall in very fine rain on the mass. The speed of the float-board apparatus and
the orifice of the taps R, R 2 is regulated in such a manner that when the sugar
arrives in the part 02, it will be in the form of a paste analogous to the boiled
mass and it will have received the desired quantity of oxydised water.
In O', a somewhat wider float-board, arranged in screw form, forces the
mass to pass into M where are the blades F, F, which pass between the fixed
rods E, (see Fig. 6, the section on a, a of Fig. 5) and render the whole mass
homogenous. The steam admitted into the double bottom heats the mixture to
about 60° C. The mass goes out by B11 to be conveyed into annaratuses
which form it into tablets.
I can operate in the same way on grape-sugars. In order to make my
decolouring process more economical, I transform the carbonate of baryte into
bi-oxyde of barium, leading it into a closed tank (Fig. 4) so as to be able to collect
carbonic acid gas for carbonating as above described.
I attack the carbonate with azotic acid to form carbonic acid and nitrate of
barium which will be easily decomposable by heat and will give pure baryta :
CO³Ba +2 NO³H = (NO³)²Ba + CO2 + H2O.
In the preceding operation, nitrous vapours are produced for the regeneration
of the azotic acid; they are directed into hermetically closed chambers, constructed
of volcanic lava. After the injection into those chambers of steam, water and air,
the nitrogen, in presence of the oxygen of the air gives NO2 which is transformed
again by the help of water into NO³H.
The syrup, decolourized and refined by one or other of the methods above
described, is theu run into a mould, to be loosened, after cooling, by a lever-press
(300 i 96

page_text: Fig. 25 shows the tablet-block J, as obtained by the mould which may be of
various forms, as will be explained further on. The tablets need not be touched
by the hand to be detached from the metal plates.
My tablet mould, shewn in Figs. 7 to 10 offers the advantage above mentioned.
Taken as a whole, it is in the form of a case K usually rectangular. Grooves K¹
receive a plate K2 (Fig. 9) wedge-shaped so that each of its faces will be parallel
to those of the case. K2 possesses two channels or grooves K 3 K 3 (Fig. 8), in
front of K4, to receive eyed wedges (Figs. 8 & 9). The principal plate K 2 and
the parallel walls of the case, have grooves K 6 which receive the blades K 7.
If the lower part of the case is shut off by a plane plate K 8 and if it is filled
with the boiled mass, a series of almost rectangular tablets will be obtained. The
angle piece K9 and the india-rubber K 10 form a stanch joint. The same
arrangement exists for the cover K 11.
I have shewn a tould of eight compartments with perforated plates K 13 giving
sugar-blocks easily detachable when lifted from the mould.
The journals K 12 serve for carrying the mould on to the "lifting" table Z
(Fig. 23).
The liquoring" table K 14 is composed of a basin with a tap K 15 and a
pipe K 16 ending in an air-exhausting machine. Instead of the above mould,
can construct another one L placed above the plate of the "lifting" machine Z.
Figs. 11 to 14 show this modification. The chief partitions L' and reglets L2
arranged respectively on the sides L3 L 4 of the mould form, with the base-plate L 5,
a combination capable of receiving the syrup and producing, as before rectangular
tablets. The base L5 provided with wheels, is replaced by the "liquoring"
table L 6 when it is desired to effect this operation. The vacuum is created by
the orifice L 7; care must be taken to close the air-tap L 8. The tap L 9 is used
for emptying the syrup remaining at the bottom.
The apparatus L 10 is a level indicator. The cross-pieces L11 hold up the
partitions L1. A lid L 12 carries pipe communicating with the damp air
apparatus Q (Fig. 21). For the rapid cooling of the boiled inass, refrigerating
boxes L 13 bearing a pipe L 14, are placed at regular intervals in the mould L.
The perforated plates L 15, arranged horizontally, divide the total height, in the
example shewn, into three parts.
The syrup on reaching the mould remains there until it is solidified. That part
of the boiled mass which exceeds the top of the reglets is brushed off. Then a
vacuum will be produced in L 6 when the green syrup will have attained a level
determined by the apparatus L 10. The vacuum tap closed, those at L 8 and L 9
will be opened. Meanwhile, at a suitable moment a certain quantity, of cleare will
have been put on the small plates at the upper part, the same being composed
preferably of bi-oxyde of barium to decolorize and refine the syrup conveyed into
the mould. Again the vacuum is commenced in L 6 and the taps L 8 and L 9 are
worked to carry off the impure syrup. When the "liquoring" is finished, the
vacuum will still be continued to suck out the tablets, and the final operation will
consist in putting the cover L 12 in communication with the apparatus Q
(Fig. 21).
In order to effect an economy of cleare, moulds V, VI, V 2 (Fig. 15) represented
in the drawings each as high as a tablet, are placed over each other together
making a point with a flat bottom V 3, or a liquoring table V 6. A single lid V 7
will serve for all the moulds and a wedge V 5 will be secured at the centre
(Fig. 17). Brushing off takes place in the V 4 (Fig. 16). As before the
operations of liquoring and sucking out may be done by the tubulures V 8, V.6.
In this case, the "lifting" table V 9 is of such dimensions that the mould V will
be able to sink (Fig. 18) in order that the tablets may remain on V 9.
The reglets may also have their upper part .curved (Fig. 19) in this case, they
form a notch Y which allows of each tablet being separated with a regular cleavage
along the indent. By this modification the perforated horizontal. separations are
done away with.

page_text: To make ingots, there can be placed in each compartment originally intended to
produce a tablet, a zinc reglet Y (Fig. 20). At the moment of loosening this
reglet encloses in its concave parts, sugar ingots Y 2.
The use of damp air facilitates lifting from the moulds by lessening the adhesion
of the tablets to the reglets. My apparatus Q (Figs. 21 and 22) consists of a
hox Q' the dome of which is furnished with plunging pipes Q2 and the lower
bottom carries a large pipe Q3. Under this case, a compartment Q 4 communicates
with Q by the pipe Q3 and, in its lower part, a perforated sheet of iron Q5
connects it with a recipient Q6, open at its base, and is secured on the mould K
or L.
In creating the vacuum under the tablets the exhausted air which crosses them
will be damp, when a sufficient quantity of water is placed in Q¹ in order that the
bottom of the tubes Q2 may be immersed. The outer air will enter by Q2 in Q¹
and will not be able to penetrate into the mould before having passed through the
The perforated sheet-iron Q5 will divide this air and prevent it from
reaching the tablets with too great speed. This apparatus is provided with
handles Q7.
water.
The mechanical and automatical "lifting "table Z comprises the standards Z'
(Fig. 23) fixed to a frame Z2 and connected at the upper part by a cap. This
frame carries a nut Z3, of a piece with the toothed-wheel work Z4 governed by a
pinion Z 5. The screw Z6 of the nut Z 3 bears the lifting table Z.
Small brackets Z7 and reversed brackets Z8 are carried by the standards
(Fig. 24).
To work the whole apparatus, after having arranged the mould K towards the
guides Z7, the screw Z 9, set in motion descends guided by Z 10. The support Z 11
has hooks to enter the holes of the plates. Then, under Z8 two iron bars Z 12
are introduced, of such a shape that, embracing the mould in its lower part, they
will prevent it from ascending. The three plates being hooked, the screw, turning
in a contrary direction to that in which it descended, will draw the three wedges
from the solidified mass. By an ascending movement, the screw Z 6 engaging the
"lifting" table will liberate the four tablet blocks from the walls of the mould.
Each block (Fig. 25) taken from the horizontal sheet-iron is transported under
the plate J 2 (Figs. 26 to 28) to loosen it. The tablets J, being separated from
each other by the metal blades J1 (Fig. 25), or those above described, it will be
seen that by placing the block on a surface J 8 and by suspending the plate J 2
having the grooves J 3, all that has to be done is to exercise pressure by means of
the lever J 4 on all the tablets at once in order to make them slide vertically. By
abandoning the lever, which oscillates on the axis J 5 placed in the frame, it
resumes its position J 7 by the help of the counterweight .J 9.
The loosening process, as described, supposes that the tablets have been dried in
the mould; should this not be the case, the basket J 10 serves to transport the
block to the stove (Figs. 29 & 30).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
A complete sugar-refining process by the use of bi-oxyde of barium alone, or in
the form of oxygenated water chemically pure, mixed with the syrup in the
apparatus described and as shewn in Figs. 1 to 6 in the accompanying drawings-
the arrival of this syrup decolourized and refined in. a mould K (Fig. 7) for making
the tablets, or some modified forms thereof, (Figs. 11. 15) in which wedges K 2,
K5, K5 and vertical blades K 7, or partitions L1 and reglets L 2 with perforated
sheet-iron plates fixed horizontally, form a series of rectangular partitions on which
a space is reserved for brushing off and adding the quantity of cleare determined
upon and under which is situated a "liquoring" table K 14 or L 6 or V 6, with
which, by means of the vacuum, the operations of "liquoring" sucking out and the
like, are carried on, when the syrup is partially solidified. The modifications of

page_text: the reglets Y and Y' to suppress the horizontal perforated iron sheets. The apparatus
placed on the mould to convey damp air facilitating the rapid detachment of the
tablets which might adhere too tightly to the walls of the reglets. The "lifting"
table and the arrangement of the screws Z 6, Z9 in order to remove the vertical
plates to set free the tablet-blocks J, which will be loosened by the lever-press
(Fig. 26) the whole as described in the above specification and shewn in the
drawings.
Dated this 10th 1 of Fahwu 1807
L. DUVINAGE,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: 14
FIG. 13.