IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING FLUID AND SOLID SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Leadbetter, of Halifax, in the County of
York, Brazier, and William Wight, of the same place, Plumber,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR RAISING FLUID AND SOLID SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 6th February 1854, and dated the 3rd October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Leadbetter
and William Wight at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd October 1853.
We, JAMES LEADBETTER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Brazier,
and WILLIAM WIGHT, of the same place, Plumber, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING FLUID AND SOLID SUBSTANCES " to be as
follows:-
The apparatus constituting our Invention consists of two portions.
A central part is formed by a tube having a clack or valve at the
bottom thereof; this is surrounded by another tube by which an annular
space is therefore formed. Each of these works within other tubes or

page_text: cylinders which are stationary; that of the central part, provided with
the valve, being in communication with the water of the well or tank,
if such be the application. The outermost or stationary tube or cylinder
is partly filled with fluid. When therefore the valve tube descends, and
with it the tube constituting the annular space before referred to, the
air contained therein will rest upon the surface of the fluid, after the
manner of an ordinary gasometer. A reciprocating motion being there-
fore given to the apparatus, the water, &c. will be raised at each stroke
by the valve tube, and the weight thereof. borne by the ail within the
annular-space We have alluded particularly to water as raised from
a well, but other substances, as grain, sand, &c., may be in like manner
lifted, either for the purpose of transferring them from place to place, or
for using them as a means for gaining motive power. The apparatus
may be compound, that is, there may be one at each end of a vibrating
beam or it may be used-singly, and-a-reciprocating motion communi-
cated, in any convenient manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Leadbetter and William Wight in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st April 1854
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JAMES LEADBETTER,. of Halifax, in the County of York, Brazier, and
WILLIAM WIGHT, of the same place, Plumber, send greeting..
--
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James. Leadbetter and William Wight, Her especial licence. that we;
the said James. Leadbetter and William Wight, our executors, ad÷
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Lead
better and William Wight, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law+
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom

page_text: of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING
FLUID AND SOLID SUBSTANCES," upon the condition, amongst others, that
we, the said James Leadbetter and William Wight, or one of us, by an
instrument in writing under our lands and seals, or hand and seal of
one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said William Wight, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that
is to say):
The apparatus constituting our Invention consists of two main por-
tions. A central part is formed by a tube having a clack or valve att
bottom thereof; this is surrounded by another tube by which an
annular space is therefore formed. Each of these works within other
cylinders which are stationary; that of the central part, and provided
with the valve, being in communication with the water of the well or
tank, if such be the application. The outermost stationary tube or
cylinder is partly filled with fluid. When therefore the valve tube
déscends, and with it the tube constituting the annular space before
referred to, the air contained therein will rest upon the surface of the
fluid, after the manner of a gasometer. A reciprocating motion being
therefore given to the apparatus, the water, &c. will be, raised at each
stroke by the valve tube, and the weight thereof born by the air
within the annular space. And in order that our Invention may be fully
understood we have appended to this our Specification an illustrative
Drawing, which we will now proceed to describe.
Fig. 1, is an elevation of a double action pump constructed accord-
ing to our improvement, one portion thereof being shewn in section in
order to shew the various parts; and Fig. 2, is a horizontal view in
section. The stand, pipe or communication with the well is shewn at a,

page_text: projecting upwards through a cylindrical casing b, which terminates at
top in a cistern c. These parts a, b, c, are stationary, and may be
attached, if desired, to any convenient fixture. Within the circle of the
part a, is a tube d, provided at bottom with an ordinary valve e, and at
top with a horizontal plate f, which connects it to another tube or
cylinder y. To the plate f, is also attached a third tube h, extending
downward to the bottom of y, and it is also furnished with a cross
head i, connected by means of a link to the handle j. As therefore the
said handle is caused to vibrate upon its centre k, the parts g, h, d, will
be caused to move upwards and downwards, the valve e, lifting the
water which has passed through the foot valve 7, and delivering it at
top into the cistern c. from whence it passes by the spout m. Accord
ing to the position of the parts shewn in the Drawing, the tube a, of
the right hand pump is at the bottom of its stroke, and the air within
the space formed by the tubes 9, h, has been to a certain degree com-
pressed. Upon the upward motion therefore of the handle j, in order to
lift the column of water, the weight thereof will in great measure be
borne by the elasticity of the air so confined, and the same effect will
take place at each stroke. It will be observed that the lifting tube d
does not fit the interior of the pipe a, and it is for the purpose of
preventing the air from escaping down the space between the two that
the tube h, is adapted, thus forming a trap for its detention. The
outermost casings or water chambers of the two pumps are connected
together by a passage n, and the operation in both is precisely the
same. Fig. 3, shews in vertical section a modification of our Inven-
tion. One pump only is shewn, but two combined may of course be used,
if desired. In this instance the apparatus is simplified by constructing
the air chamber and lifting tube as one cylinder divided into two com-
partments. The stand pipe is at o, provided as before with a water
chamber p, within which is situate a cylinder, carrying at bottom the
lifting pipe and valve. The cylinder q, is divided across its diameter
by a plates, which therefore forms two chambers A, B; the former of
these is open at top, and communicates at bottom with the lift pipe ;
the latter is closed at top, but open at bottom, so as to form the air
chamber. The operation of this apparatus is precisely the same as

page_text: already described in reference to Figs. 1, and 2. We have alluded
particularly to water as raised from a well, but other substances, as
grain, sand, &c., may in like manner be lifted.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire
it to be understood that we claim as secured to us the application of an
air chamber moving with the lifting part of the apparatus for the
purpose above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wight, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirty-first day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
WILLIAM WIGHT. (L.S.)