matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERING CANS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Reverend Thomas Walter
Huthwaite at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th July 1875.
I, The Reverend THOMAS WALTER HUTHWAITE, of Backwell, Bristol,
in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERING CANS," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to an improved arrangement of watering can,
having for its object enabling persons (especially ladies) to water plants
on a shelf otherwise unreachable, or otherwise to pour water where
access cannot be easily obtained.
In carrying out my Invention I suspend the body of the can by means
of hooks or other connections in a wire or similar frame of a rectangular
or other convenient shape, so that the body is capable of oscillating
therein. The frame is provided with a long pendent handle, by holding
which the can may be elevated to any desired height without the use of

page_text: steps or like contrivances. To the fore part of the spout there is fitted a
cord or wire, by the act of pulling which the can may be tilted, say,
for example, to direct the water into pots on the upper shelves of
greenhouses and like places, or wherever access cannot be readily
obtained.
IMPROVED DOUBLE AND SINGLE SEALING STENCH TRAPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bramley Buckley and
Edmund Stock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd February 1875.
We, JOHN BRAMLEY BUCKLEY and EDMUND STOCK, of Oldham, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED DOUBLE AND SINGLE SEALING STENCH TRAPS," to be'
as follows:-
The traps are intended to be used for slop stones, streets, washing
basins, baths, and in any place where stench traps are required; the outer
forms of the traps and the positions of the pipes or passages through
which the liquids or sewage pass being arranged according to the various
requirements.
In one arrangement the trap consists of an outer vessel having three
partitions, two extending from the top to about three-fourths of the
depth of the vessel, and the last extending from the bottom to about
one-half the depth of the vessel, there being an inlet to the outer vessel,
a cover over the two partitions, and an outlet from the last partition to
the outside of the vessel. The liquid or sewage passes into the outer

page_text: vessel and rises about midway, extends about one-fourth above the
bottoms of the two partitions, and runs off over the top of the last
partition; and as there are three partitions containing the liquid or
sewage, there is a double seal, which effectually prevents the escape of
any noxious smell or poisonous gases.
The single trap consists of an outer vessel having two partitions, one
extending from the top to about three-fourths of the depth of the vessel,
and the other extending from the bottom to about midway, there being
a perforated lid for the admission of the liquid or sewage, and at the
bottom outside the second partition an opening for its escape; and as the
liquid or sewage rises above the bottom of the first partition, and runs
off over the top of the second partition, a trap having a single seal is
effectually obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Syng Justice, of 27, Southampton Build-
ings, Chancery Lane, County of Middlesex, Merchant, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES."- A communication from
abroad by Thomas Shaw, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
Sealed the 10th August 1875, and dated the 3rd March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip Syng Justice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd March 1875.
I, PHILIP SYNG JUSTICE, of 27, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES," a communication
by Thomas Shaw, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of
America," to be as follows:-

page_text: hereafter described, and in the provision of a hydraulic packing above
the top of the valve, the object of the Invention being to enable a
rapid stroke of the valve under high pressures without danger from
pounding or injuring the seat of the valve.
The valve has a lengthened stroke during its operation, as it is required
to make a stroke equal to the length of the plunger or piston head
before any fluid, air, or steam passes the seat, and on its return stroko it
is held momentarily suspended by the liquid, air, or steam, which only
allows the valve to close gently on its seat more or less rapidly in pro-
portion to the escape of the fluid, air, or steam around the piston head,
there being always a small portion of the fluid, air, or steam imprisoned
in all the area of the valve seat for the distance, equalizing the length
of the stroke of the piston; and this can only escape by the slow leakage
around the piston head, which thus makes a return stroke before the
valve reaches its seat, thus making a tight packing or joint by the
imprisoned fluid, air, or steam, whilst a rubber or gum disc fitted above
the valve makes a tight joint when the valve is finally brought to its
seat.
It is evident this method of cushioning can be employed in the up
seat.
It is evident this method of cushioning can be employed in the up
stroke as well as the down, as that the shape of the valve may be 2
modified without altering the results.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE SECURITY OF RAILWAY POINTS OR SWITCHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Curtis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
19th March 1875.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH CURTIS, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE SECURITY OF RAILWAY POINTS OR
SWITCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved arrangements of apparatus whereby
a locomotive engine or carriage in running against a facing point or
switch acts automatically to close the point in the event of the point
being partially open. The points are also held immoveably until the
train has passed.
The apparatus is specially applicable to switches made in accordance
with the principle described and shown in the Specification and
Drawings of Letters Patent granted to me, dated 7th February, 1874,
No. 502, but the apparatus may be applied to switches of the ordinary
construction by means of suitable mechanism. For this purpose bars or
plates are arranged within and against the rail, the said bars being

page_text: depressed by the wheels passing over them. Connection is made with a
bolt or plate which is by this means pressed against the apparatus of the
switch which closes it if open and keeps the switch thus closed and
immoveable until the train has passed, when the pressure on the bars
against the rails being removed by means of a spring or weight the bolt 5
or plate is drawn back and the switch released.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joah Lodge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1875.
I, JOAH LODGE, of the Firm of John Taylor and Sons, of Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a textile fabric having
a body of plain or fancy weaving, and on each side à covering of figure
weaving. To effect this I arrange the harness, healds, or headles so that
the warp threads are raised and lowered at such times, and in such
order that each alternate warp thread, and each alternate shoot or pick
of weft thread from the body, and the other alternate threads of warp
and weft float over and under a series of the body threads, the warp
threads being on one side while the weft threads are on the other side,

page_text: somewhat similar to damask weaving, only that there is a body of plain
weaving in between the figure weaving. The body fabric may be of
cotton or other inferior fibrous substance, whilst the figured surface
may be of woollen, silk, or other fibrous substance of superior quality.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GATHERING AND BINDING CUT CROPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1875..
I, GEORGE EDWARD BROWN, of Marston Ampthill, in the County
of Bedford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GATHERING AND BINDING CUT CROPS," to be
as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
gathering and binding cut crops. For this purpose I combine with a
reaping machine the apparatus which I will now explain. On the plat-
form of the machine, immediately behind the cutting apparatus, I fix in
an upright or nearly upright position a light cylinder or drum; it serves
as a support for the crop as it is cut, and prevents it falling down. In
the centre of the cylinder or drum is an axis, around which two arms
carrying gatherers rotate, and as they sweep over the front of the
cylinder or drum they drive the crop before them. Each gatherer, when
it arrives at a certain point near where the workman sits stops until by
the aid of mechanism herein-after described the sheaf has been tied, and

page_text: the workman then starts the gatherer again into motion; this he does
either immediately or he waits until the accumulation of cut crop
resting against the drum or cylinder is sufficient to make another sheaf.
When he again starts the gatherers into motion the two gatherers start
simultaneously, or the first gatherer carries the sheaf further round and
delivers it on to the ground, and here this gatherer again stops until the
workman starts it into motion after he has bound a sheaf collected by
the second gatherer, and so on.
The arrangement of the tieing mechanism is as follows:-Within the
cylinder or drum above mentioned is an axis in front of the workman,
and this axis carries two arms, which are able to move around it
independently the one of the other. As one of the gatherers brings a
sheaf round, as already described, one of the arms is caused to stand out
beyond the surface of the cylinder or drum to serve as a stop, and when
the gatherer comes up the sheaf becomes held tightly between the arm
and the gatherer.
The cord or tie for binding the sheaf has before this time been
attached at one end to the projecting arm, and at the other end to the
second arm which at this time is back within the circumference of the
cylinder or drum. This second arm now comes forward (there are
suitable openings in the periphery of the cylinder or drum to allow of
these movements being made), and it passes round the sheaf bringing
the second end of the band or tie up to the first, and the workman
completes the connection. The binding is now complete and the
workman pushes on the bound sheaf as soon as he wishes another sheaf
to be collected and brought to the position for binding.
It is not essential that the apparatus should be mounted on the
reaping machine; it may be on a separate carriage provided with lifters
to take the cut crop off the ground.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT OF FASTENING AND SECURING TYRES UPON, IRON WHEELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stroudley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1875.
I, WILLIAM STROUDLEY, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT OF FASTENING AND SECURING TYRES
UPON, IRON WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to wheels employed in
connection with the rolling stock of railways, and is designed for the
purpose of providing a secure fastening for the tyres of such wheels!
The method usually adopted when rings are employed as a, medium
for fastening and securing tyres upon iron wheels is simply to form or
leave a groove between the wheel and an overlapping portion of the tyre
into which the ring is fitted, so as to prevent the tyre removing outwards
across the wheel, but such arrangement possesses little or no power to
retain the tyre in its place when it is broken into several pieces.
Other forms of clip rings or section of clip rings have been applied for
the purpose of preventing the tyre when whole or broken leaving the

page_text: periphery of the iron wheel, the peculiarity of which consists in beating
over a part of the tyre so as to make it embrace a portion of the ring or
section of ring, which is of a dovetailed form, and by which means the
ring was also retained in the groove.
In contradistinction to the foregoing and according to my Invention
I proceed as follows:-The iron wheel is prepared to receive the tyre by
first having shoulders formed on its two side surfaces, which extend the
j the tyre is
transverse thickness of its periphery, thus
then formed so as to embrace and fit this shoulder or rim on one side
and leave an opening or groove clear and overhanging the other side;
I then form a ring by rolling a bar of steel or other metal to a section
which will fit a square shouldered or a bevilled recess formed in the
groove of the tyre and the square shoulder of the iron wheel; this ring
is then sprung into the groove of the tyre, so as to clip the shoulders of
the tyre and wheel against which it is forced, and secured by means of a 1
"Lewis "ring (also formed of steel or other suitable metal by preference
rolled to a slightly bevilled section), which is forced in behind the clip
ring, which position makes it impossible for the clip ring or the tyre to
escape from the wheel, even if broken into short pieces.
The tyre may be as a matter of precaution struck down over the
"Lewis " ring, so as to ensure its not getting out of the groove; this
however is not important in small wheels, as the natural spring of the
ring will be sufficient to keep it in its place.
The application to wheels of this improvement enables the tyre to be
permanently secured thereon both in a simple and effective manner, and
at a considerable reduction in cost over the methods now and hitherto
adapted.
The improved rings do not require to be welded or fastened at the
ends.
The on
in the toms and olen the shoulder on the school
IMPROVED SAFETY DISENGAGING MOTION FOR MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Livesey and Thomas
Berry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd June 1875.
We, EDWARD LIVESEY, of Penwortham, in the County of Lancaster,
Farmer, and THOMAS BERRY, of Preston, in the same County, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED SAFETY
DISENGAGING MOTION FOR MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of a hand lever motion to dispense with the
usual foot unlocking or disengaging apparatus for liberating the scythe
and guard in mowing and reaping machines.
In using such machines the unevenness of the land is overcome by a
lever at the right hand of the machine, over which the attendant has
full command, which by pressing down the soythe is lifted above all
obstructions, but is locked by a catch or other equivalent, the attendant
still retaining his seat on the machine has to unlock such catch with his
right heel, which without great care he may miss, lose his balance, and

page_text: be precipitated on or into the machinery, and be very much damaged or
possibly killed.
We substitute for the human heel an L lever apparatus, and apply it
in the following manner:-To the end of the horizontal shaft or any
other convenient position we fulcrum the heel of such lever, bringing
the lower or horizontal end against the outer end of the catch lever,
acting thereon the same as the heel of the attendant would for unlocking
the scythe lifting motion. The vertical end is made long enough to
come up to the hand employed in guiding the lifting lever, and may be
grasped at the same time when desired, which instantly unlocks, and has 1
the same effect as the foot, but more positive, and without the danger
before mentioned; proper guides and guards are fixed on the first-
mentioned lever.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Taylor Gibson and
Daniel Walker Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th June 1875.
We, ROBERT TAYLOR GIBSON, of Albany Road, Lee Bridge Road,
Leyton, in the County of Essex, and DANIEL WALKER FORBES, of
Smithfield Works, New Road, Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
furnaces or fire-places, and relates in the first place to an improved
construction of compound fire-bar composed of a suitable shaft carrying
a number of discs formed or provided with projecting bosses or inter-
mediate washers for keeping the lateral faces of the discs towards their
peripheries suitably apart to admit of the passage of air to support the
combustion of the fuel.

page_text: discs may be perforated to allow of a free internal draught of air from
end to end of the bar.
Our Invention furthermore relates to the combination with compound
fire-bars as above described of apparatus for communicating to such
compound bars a rotative or intermittently rotative motion. For this
purpose according to one arrangement we provide the shafts of the
compound bars with ratchets or discs actuated by ratchet levers or pawls,
having their fulcra between suitable cheek plates carried by the said
shafts, the ratchet levers being suitably connected together and actuated
from a special engine or otherwise. Stops are provided to receive the
upper ends of the ratchet levers, so that on the return stroke they shall
carry the cheek plates with them as required to enable a fresh hold to
be taken on the ratchets or discs.
The arrangement of the apparatus for communicating motion to our
improved compound fire-bars may be more or less modified to suit
circumstances without departure from the distinctive character of our
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND IN THE MODE OF ACTUATING OR WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gerard Pinfold and
Walter Raleigh Browne at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th October 1875.
We, JAMES GERARD PINFOLD and WALTER RALEIGH BROWNE, of
Bridgewater, in the County of Somerset, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES,
AND IN THE MODE OF ACTUATING OR WORKING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates both to high and low-pressure engines, and
consists in making the cylinder or cylinders thereof moveable in the
direction of the stroke instead of being fixed as heretofore, the said
moveable cylinder or cylinders being made shorter than the stroke of
the engine, and connected direct on to the crank shaft in such a manner
that during the first part of the stroke the cylinder or cylinders move
the same distance as the piston, but is or are afterwards held in the
new position by any suitable mechanical contrivance, and then released
so as to move back again at the beginning of the reverse stroke. The
valve gear is moreover so arranged that steam is not admitted to the
cylinder until it has ceased to move, by which time the crank will have

page_text: reached a more favorable position for doing work than at the beginning
of the stroke.
By the herein-before described arrangement and mode of working a
steam engine, the volume of steam required for each stroke is less than
it would be if the cylinder were fixed by the amount of space moved
through backwards and forwards by the said cylinder, hence a less
quantity of steam is required and a considerable economy of fuel is
thereby effected, whilst the thrust upon the crank shaft and bearings,
and consequent friction produced in ordinary engines at the beginning
of each stroke is altogether avoided.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PLATES, SLABS, OR TILES, IN IMITATION OF THE WARE KNOWN AS ⚫ FAIENCE PARISIENNE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1875.-A communication from abroad by Arthur Jean
Baptiste Guelton and Company, of 83, Rue Lafayette, Paris,
France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF
PLATES, SLABS, OR TILES, IN IMITATION OF THE WARE KNOWN AS ⚫ FAIENCE
PARISIENNE,' a communication to me from abroad by Arthur Jean
Baptiste Guelton and Company, of 83, Rue Lafayette, Paris, France, to
be as follows:―
2 33
The plates, slabs, or tiles, the subject of this Invention, are produced
from cements, and preferably from those English cements known as
"Keener's." This cement is first mixed, carc being taken to bring it
into a semi-liquid state, it is then spread upon plate glass tables; this
donc the glass is beaten with a wooden mallet to render the layer of
cement perfectly uniform. To rapidly harden this semi-liquid cement

page_text: there is sprinkled over its surface some powdered cement, which in a few
minutes absorbs the water which has served to mix the first cement;
this surface is then levelled and smoothed by pressing firmly upon it
with a trowel or other suitable instrument, which completes the
hardening of the layer. This work completed, the product is rendered
less brittle by spreading over this layer a piece of canvas, upon which
is placed another layer of liquid cement, two rules or straight edges
being first placed on each side to obtain the desired thickness either of
the tiles, or of the slabs, or plates. Twenty-four hours after this first
operation the plates are removed and divided into slabs or tiles,
according to requirement; they are then put into a stove. Upon the
part which has adhered to the glass there is then spread a coating of
English or other suitable varnish in order to imitate enamel. The
products are then again placed in a stove where they remain for twenty-
four hours.
When it is desired to decorate the plates, tiles, or slabs, after leaving
the stove, they are pumicestoned, decorated, a fresh coating of varnish
applied, they are again placed in the stove and twenty-four hours after-
wards they may be withdrawn for use.
To produce plates, slabs, or tiles colored, but without pattern, the
1
AN IMPROVED PRINTING MACHINE FOR PRINTING CARTRIDGE CASES, LABELS, NOTICES, AND SIMILAR SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Powell and
James Dangerfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th October 1875.
We, CHARLES THOMAS POWELL, of 7, Cliff Place, Handsworth,
Draughtsman, and JAMES DANGERFIELD, of West Smethwick, Engineer
and Machinist, both in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PRINTING MACHINE FOR
PRINTING CARTRIDGE CASES, LABELS, NOTICES, AND SIMILAR SMALL ARTICLES," to
be as follows :-
―
In this machine the cases or cylindrical bodies are fed down an
incline by hand, and there checked by a feed lever which is actuated by
a cam or cams according to number required. When released by this
lever the cases or other cylindrical bodies fall on to a revolving disc of
suitable breadth carrying the type or sets of types upon its periphery,
the said disc rolling the said cases or cylindrical bodies forward between
its periphery and an adjustable fence, thereby giving the impression.
The ink is supplied to the type by means of a series of rolls, which

page_text: receive the ink from a reservoir conveniently placed. Should the
machine be required to print labels or any thing of a flat surface we
remove the adjustable fence and lever, substituting a suitable roller or
rollers over the disc carrying the type, in order to carry forward the
paper away from the machine after it has received the impression.
AN IMPROVED TENON JOINT FASTENING, WHICH ADAPTED FORNING THE OF CHAIR ROUNDS IN CHAIR LEGS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lee Darneal Craig and Charles Miller, of San
Francisco, California, in the United States of America, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED TENON JOINT FASTENING, WHICH IS ESPECIALLY
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Lec Darneal Craig and
Charles Miller at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition and Declaration, on the 30th December 1875,
pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act,
1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, LEE
DARNEAL CRAIG and CHARLES MILLER, of San Francisco, California,
in the United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
TENON JOINT FASTENING, WHICH IS ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR FASTENING THE
TENONS OF CHAIR ROUNDS IN CHAIR LEGS," and have petitioned Her Majesty
to grant unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal

page_text: In applying this device the bar is placed in the mortise until its
spur or prong is close against the bottom of the mortise, while the
opposite end projects from the mortise. The tenon is then driven into
the mortise, the entrance of which forces the spur or prong 6 into the
wood on one side of the mortise. The hook c is then driven by a stroke
of a hammer into the tenon stick outside of the mortise, thus firmly
fastening the parts together and making an extremely strong joint. As
many of these bars can be used in fastening each joint as desired, but
usually one will be sufficient. One applied upon each side of the tenon
will make an almost inseparable joint.
This device can be applied to round and square tenons, and in fact to
all places where a mortise and tenon joint is made in wood.
Having thus described our Invention, we claim and desire to secure
by Letter Patent, a fastening for mortise and tenon joints, consisting of
a bar a serrated or otherwise, having a spur or hook formed at each end,
one of which fastens into the wood of the mortise, while the other
fastens into or upon the wood of the tenon, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Lee Darneal Craig and Charles
Miller, have hereunto set our bands and seals, this Eighth day
of December, in the year of our Lord, A.D., One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.
25 Witnesses,
GEO. H. STRONG.
C. M. RICHARDSON.
LEE DARNEAL CRAIG. (L.S.)
CHARLES MILLER.
(L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRUSSES FOR HERNIA, ANd in the Padding and COVERING OF TRUSSES AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLIANCES FOR THE SUPPORT OF PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Harvey Hilliard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1875.
I, ROBERT HARVEY HILLIARD, of 5, Belgrave Terrace, Upper
Holloway, London, in the County of Middlesex, Doctor of Medicine,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRUSSES FOR HERNIA, ANd in the Padding and COVERING
OF TRUSSES AND OTHER SIMILAR APPLIANCES FOR THE SUPPORT OF PARTS OF THE
HUMAN BODY," to be as follows :-
_
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
the pads and coverings of trusses, whereby the said pads and coverings
can be readily removed and separated, uninjured from the body spring
of the truss by the wearer himself, and reapplied and adjusted, or a new
cover, pad, or spring substituted when desired. The different parts are
all made separately from the said spring, and independent of it, and the
cover is sufficiently loose and yielding to pull over it like a glove.
The body spring is enclosed in an india-rubber sheath (preferably of
vulcanized india-rubber) sufficiently thick in certain parts to take the
place and serve the purpose of the usual padding. This sheath terminates
in a solid strap of the same material as the sheath, and is continuous

page_text: with it, and at the pad end is sufficiently dilated into a sac or envelope
which encloses the pad, or this sac or envelope may be made separate
from the sheath. The pad or cushion of the truss is made of porous,
"honeycombed," or sponge rubber (but any ordinary pad can be adapted
if required), attached to a metal back. The back of the pad bears two
male screws which are fastened to the body spring in the following
manner: The pad end of the said spring has a slot, through which when
covered by its sheath the screws are made to project, and are then
screwed tight over the spring by two studs pierced by corresponding
female screws. The said studs are turned with a deep groove, so that
when adapted the shoulders of the studs nearly meet, and the whole
arrangement is such that they form a clip through which the strap is
stretched when the truss is fitted on the body, and is there retained
without buckle or button.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN REMOVING SUBMARINE ROCKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Alley at the Office of
"
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1875.
I, STEPHEN ALLEY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN REMOVING SUBMARINE ROCKS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus designed for use in
removing submarine rocks in exposed situations, where the character of
the weather is such as at times to necessitate the speedy removal of the
apparatus in order to avoid damage and loss, or where from any cause
the operations can be conducted during short intervals only, so that
progress cannot be satisfactorily made unless the apparatus can be fixed
ready for work and be taken away again very speedily.
In carrying out the Invention a platform is provided from which to
work rock drilling or boring tools of any suitable or convenient kind,
such platform being in or upon a boat of suitable size, which in a modi-
fication that is preferred is provided with boilers, engines, and a screw
or other suitable propeller, so that it can be moved to or from the site of
the operations, but not necessarily at any great speed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS FOR CONTAINING POISON AND OTHER NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th June 1875.-A communication from abroad by William
Montgomery Caterson, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS FOR CONTAINING POISON AND OTHER
NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES,” a communication to me from abroad by William
Montgomery Caterson, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so construct a bottle or jar for
containing poisons that the dangerous character of the contents will
always be impressed on the minds of those who have to handle such
vessels. In order to effect this object it is proposed to form in relief on
the body of the bottle or jar (which may be of clay, glass, or other
plastic or vitreous material), the representation of the front of a skull,
the prominence of the figure being always such that when the bottle or

page_text: jar is placed on a shelf in a drug or prescription store or laboratory, or
in a factory where poisons are applied to the useful arts, or in the family
medicine chest or cupboard, it will always act as a caution, as it will be
the first thing noticed by day or artificial light, and will be at once
detected by the touch in the dark.
Independently of the advantage of the improved bottle or jar as a
caution to those who have to use poisons, the prominent figure affords
facilities for handling bottles and jars of the larger class.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR BURNING MOIST LIGNEOUS RESIDUES, WOOD, TAN WASTE, OR OTHER MOIST VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Serrière at the. Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1875.
I, JOSEPH SERRIÈRE, of Lyon (France), Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR
BURNING MOIST LIGNEOUS RESIDUES, WOOD, TAN WASTE, OR OTHER MOIST
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
.
The object of my Invention is to construct furnaces for burning
ligneous residues much charged with water, such, for example, as tan
waste and spent dye woods, with or without the simultaneous employ-
ment of coal, anthracite, lignite, or peat, and without previous drying or
pressure.
Hitherto ligneous residues impregnated with a very large quantity of
water, which they can retain mechanically, have only been burnt with
difficulty and with slight advantage. Now the object of the furnace,
which I will now proceed to describe, is to employ such fuel, and to do
so with far greater advantage as regards the heat produced than if the
fuel had been completely dried or even torrefied.

page_text: result to be obtained. The air heated through the gaseous currents of
the products of combustion is mixed with the gas in the desired quantity
for the better combustion thereof.
Movable pieces are placed at different points in the direct course of
the gas and after the place for burning it, in order to effect an efficaceous
mixture, and with the object of obtaining as complete a combustion as
possible.
As it may happen that at times the burning will be incomplete for
want of sufficient temperature, I can add in the course of the products
of combustion one or more supplementary fire-places to facilitate tho
burning of the gaseous mixtures, which are drawn to the chimney with-
out being sufficiently burnt.
Without limiting myself to any particular arrangement of apparatus
for carrying out my Invention, as herein-before described, I. may say that
a set of the gas generators, the products from which become united and
are burnt under a steami boiler, will be found a useful arrangement in
particular cases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRENCHES OR SPANNERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1875.
I, DAVID WOOD, of Lavenham, in the County of Suffolk, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WRENCHES OR SPANNERS," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to an improved mode of constructing wrenches
or spanners for gripping and turning nuts, pipes, or similar articles, and
it consists essentially in the application to one of the jaws thereof of a
cam or moveable piece pivotted eccentrically, and so shaped or arranged
that by turning such cam piece on its centre into different positions the
wrench or spanner will be capable of receiving nuts or other articles of
various sizes.
The cam piece may be made either of a square or other flat sided or
angular form, for the reception of nuts or articles of a similar shape
only, or of a combined flat sided and curved shape, the curved portions
being serrated or roughened so that the tool may serve for both nuts and
pipes or similar articles, and constitute a combined nut spanner and
pipe wrench.

page_text: That portion of the cam piece which is employed for gripping pipes is
so shaped as while admitting of the wrench or spanner being readily
placed upon the pipe the cam piece will fall slightly over the centre
line of the pipe immediately upon pressure being applied to the handle
or lever and grip the pipe, the latter being as readily released when the
pressure is removed.
In gripping pipes of the smaller dimensions, of the set for which a
wrench or spanner of a given size has been constructed, the cam piece
is regulated by means of a spring bearing against it, which spring is
however thrown out of gear in order to allow the wrench or spanner to
work in either direction when operating upon larger sized articles.
When the apparatus is to be employed for nuts or similar articles
only the cam piece is by preference maintained in position until placed
on the nut by means of a spring having attached thereto a pin, which
fits into one of a set of grooves or recesses formed half in the cheek of
the spanner and half in the cam, but the spring may if desired be
dispensed with, the nut and cam mutually acting upon and locking each
other.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WASHING WOOLLEN YARNS, COTTON WASTE, WOOLLEN FABRICS, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Kenworthy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st October 1875.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD KENWORTHY, of Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR WASHING WOOLLEN YARNS,
COTTON WASTE, WOOLLEN FABRICS, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR FABRICS,"
to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to provide means and apparatus for
washing woollen yarns, cotton waste, or other fibrous substances or
fabrics without damage to the material. For this purpose I provide a
vessel for the reception of the material to be operated upon, through
which I pass one or more perforated tubes, or when required any
desired number of tubes or diaphragms may be inserted in any con-
venient position in the vessel. These tubes are connected to the blast
pipe of a fan or other known apparatus from which a pressure of air
may be obtained.

page_text: The material being placed in the vessel, and the water or " scouring
liquor" having been thrown in also, the air is forced amongst it at any
required pressure, causing a great amount of agitation amongst the
liquid and the material being operated upon, which perfectly washes and
cleanses it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wallace Duncan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th December 1875.
I, JOHN WALLACE DUNCAN, of Southampton Chambers, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
―:
The first part of my Invention relates principally to sporting guns,
and has for its object to ensure closeness of shooting and to increase the
range and penetrating power of the shot, and yet retain the advantage
of improved efficiency for shooting with ball. I obtain these results by
fluting or grooving the barrel whether of a muzzle or breech-loading
gun in either of the following ways:-According to one way the
barrel is bored cylindrical or nearly so throughout, and is then fluted or
grooved with straight longitudinal grooves, which are deepest at the
breech end and become gradually shallower towards the nozzle, where
the bottom of each groove merges or becomes level with the intervening
lands or cylindrical bore.

page_text: and the hammer will be caused to rebound. The T head may be with-
drawn out of the way if the rebounding action is not required. The
slide to which tho T head is attached is provided with a projecting stud
or thumb piece passing through a slot in the lock plate, to enable the
T head to be adjusted as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, GAS REGULATORS, OR APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING BY GAS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Honoré Jules Dorat at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1875.-A communication from abroad by Adrien Clement
Lucien Grave, of Paris, aforesaid.
I, HONORÉ JULES DORAT, of Paris, in the French Republic
(temporarily residing at Gower Strect, Bedford Square, in the County of
Middlesex), Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, GAS REGULATORS, OR APPARATUS
FOR LIGHTING BY GAS," communicated to me from abroad by Adrien
Clement Lucien Grave, of Paris, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to regulate gas issuing from burners
for purposes of consumption or combustion, and to prevent whistling,
choking, and obstruction to its free and proper passage. For this
purpose four (or more or less) hollow caps or chambers are screwed or
otherwise tightly fitted behind or below the nipple or end of the burner,
that is to say, between it and the body of the gas pipe, gas channel, or
thoroughfare. These caps or chambers form in effect part of the way
thoroughfare or channel of the gas from the service pipe to the end of

page_text: the burner, so that the gas passes through them in its passage to the
nipple or burner end. Each cap or chamber is perforated or formed
with one or more orifices or passages at the issue end, and these
openings are of differential or gradually reduced sectional area relatively
to the proximity of cach cap to the burner end, so that the gas reaches
the burner at a graduated and controlled pressure.
It is proper to contrive the issue openings of the caps or chambers so
that the gas may pass out of each cap or chamber into the next, in a
direction at or about at right angles to that at which it entered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS, PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FOR RAISING WATER, AND FOR EXHAUSTING AND COMPRESSING AIR AND GASES FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lucas Preiswerk at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1875.
I, LUCAS PREISWERK, of No. 157, Golborne Road, Ladbroke Grove
Road, Notting Hill, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS,
PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FOR RAISING WATER, AND FOR
EXHAUSTING AND COMPRESSING AIR AND GASES FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
For propelling vessels a steam boiler is employed with its usual
accessories. Steam from the boiler is caused to issue in a jet from a small
conical pipe placed in the smoke box or chimney. The steam jet enters
the smaller end of a long conical pipe also in the smoke box or chimney.
The steam jet draws in with it the hot gas from the fire in the fire-box,
and compresses it into a recipient where it mixes with the steam before
it escapes.

page_text: The mixed steam and gas are allowed to escape by a horizontal oblong
mouth into the lower part of a channel, which is formed along the
bottom of the ship, and inclines upwards to one or both of its ends, and
terminates at the water line. The mixed gases and steam being at high
temperatures are practically incondensable, and as they enter the lower 5
part of the channel they push against the water and rise in a slanting
direction along the channel, and escape at the surface of the water. By
this means great propelling power is obtained, and the ship rests as it
were upon a bed of gas interposed between it and the water.
If the gases inthe smoke box are at too high a temperature (which ]
can be ascertained by using a pyrometer) cold air may be admitted by a
valve. Whilst the apparatus is at work the chimney is closed, but may
be opened if too much steam is produced or if there is too much fire in
AL

page_text: The apparatus might also be employed for supplying heated air mixed
with steam to furnaces and for ventilating factories and such like. Air
compressed by the apparatus might also be passed through a refrigerator
and allowed to expand into a chamber, from which it may be again
withdrawn by a similar apparatus, by which great cold may be obtained
in the chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1875.—A communication from abroad by Benjamin Talbot
Babbitt, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of rotary engines in which the vis
viva of steam, air, or gas at the high velocity generated by great
pressure is transferred to a bucket wheel rotating at high velocity, instead
of employing steam, air, or gas at high pressure to act upon a piston
wheel rotating at low velocity.
One part of the Invention consists in placing the bucket wheel in a
suitable case, so as to guide the out-flowing steam, air, or gas against
the revolving buckets under the best possible conditions for securing as
large a per centage as possible of the work represented by the vis viva of
the steam, air, or gas.

page_text: The Invention also consists in a combination of peculiar mechanism
for converting the high velocity of the rotating bucket wheel into a
slow motion, and transmitting it to machinery for the-performance of
useful work. This mechanism consists of a snail or worm (on the axle of
the bracket wheel,) which is made to gear into and drive a worm wheel
on the shaft or axle of a pulley, which by means of a strap or band will
impart motion to and drive any machinery.
The Invention likewise consists in a combination with the aforesaid
case (which incloses the bucket wheel) of induction ports for the
admission of steam, air, or gas to the buckets of the wheel. These ports
are placed at such an angle with radii of the bucket wheel that the
steam, air, or gas, will be directed properly upon the revolving buckets,
and according as the steam, air, or gas is admitted through one or other
of the induction ports the direction of the rotation of the bucket wheel
shall be reversed.
The bucket wheel is constructed of two steel plates, in which are made
sockets or holes to receive the tenons made at the end of the buckets, and
also the tenons of segment pieces which form the bottom of the bucket.
By these means great strength with small proportionate weight is secured;
or the body of the wheel may be composed of one or more metal plates
or discs having the buckets attached.