IMPROVEMENTS IN CEN- TRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, AND IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS OR FANS FOR EXHAUSTING AND BLOWING GASES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Arthur Paget, of No. 1, Scymour
Chambers, Adelphi, W.C., London, Engineer, and of 13, Riemer
Gasse Stadt, Vienna, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CEN-
TRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, AND IN CENTRIFUGAL
PUMPS OR FANS FOR EXHAUSTING AND BLOWING GASES."-A communi-
cation from August Christian Nagel and Reinhold Hermann
Kaemp, Engineers, residing at Hamburgh, Empire of Germany, and
members of the Firm of Nagel and Kaemp, of Hamburgh.
Scaled the 23rd April 1875, and dated the 27th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Arthur Paget
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
6n the 27th October 1874.
I, FREDERICK ARTHUR PAGET, of No. 1, Seymour Chambers, Adelphi,
W.C., London, Engineer, and of 13, Riemer Gasse Stadt, Vienna, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS, AND IN CENTRIFUGAL

page_text: ""
PUMPS OR FANS FOR EXHAUSTING AND BLOWING GASES," a communication" to
be as follows:-
These improvements relate to centrifugal pumps, whether used for
raising and forcing water and other liquids, or for exhausting and
blowing atmospheric air and other gases.
These improvements have been found to considerably increase the
useful effect or duty of such apparatus, whereby more water or air
respectively is transported with a less expenditure of work.
The said improvements are applicable to centrifugal pumps or fans
with either a horizontal or a vertical axis. A revolving wheel of the
usual character, made with radial or curved vanes, with sides forming
cells or curved spaces is employed. Into this whocl the liquid or gaseous
fluid respectively is gradually guided by means of a curved central
directing plate. This so-called directing plate has its cross section
shaped by preference to the curve known in hydraulics as the "contrac-
tion curve." This directing plate is further made moveable and
adjustable, so that the volume of water or air respectively can be
regulated or completely shut off when required from the revolving whicel.
In the instance of a centrifugal pump for water such a directing plate is
employed as the bottom valve, so that it can be used for filling the
pump. In the instance of a fan or of a centrifugal pump for air two
such directing plates may be employed, one to each side of the central
orifice. Such directing plate or plates may be combined with .any
appropriate known form of centrifugal pump or fan.
The second portion of these improvements relate to fitting the said
revolving wheel at its outer periphery with a fixed casing concentric
thereto, and consisting of a series of guiding blades or vanes with sides
forming cells, by which the velocity of the liquid or fluid issuing from'
the revolving wheel is gradually reduced as it flows out of the said fixed
casing, and is thereby made to increase the useful effect of the pump.
Such a fixed concentric casing may be adapted to or combined with any
appropriate known form of centrifugal pump or fan, and with or without
the directing plate described above.
These improvements further consist, with respect to centrifugal pumps
for water, in fitting the outer casing with what is termed a diffusing a
plate, and in forming the dise connecting the revolving wheel to the boss

page_text: keyed on the spindle with openings so as to equalize the side thrust or
down thrust on the said spindle.
For a pump or a fan with horizontal spindle a thrust bearing is employed
by preference. The said bearing is enclosed in an oil chamber, and it is
adjustable longitudinally. In the case of a pump or fan with a vertical
spindle the said spindle is mado hollow for the supply of oil down its
centre. It is further recessed out at its end, and is caused to embrace
the gun metal step, which turns on a fixed vertical pivot. The vertical
standard in which the pin is held is recessed so as to form a chamber
within which oil is supplied. The top of this chamber is closed by
means of an annular leather cover. By this means the water, in the case
of a centrifugal water pump, is caused to float up the oil between the
surfaces of contact of the brass step and the pivot.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Arthur Paget in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
ARTHUR PAGET, of 1, Seymour Chambers, Adelphi, W.C., London,
Engineer, and of 13, Riemer Gasse Stadt, Vienna, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto him, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, Her
special licence that he, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, executors
administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the said Frederick Arthur
Paget, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING
LIQUIDS, AND IN CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS OR FANS FOR EXHAUSTING AND BLOWING
GASES," a communication from August Christian Nagel and Reinhold

page_text: Hermann Kaemp, Engineers, persons resident at Hamburgh, Empire of
Germany, and members of the firm of Nagel and Kacmp, of Hamburgh,
upon the condition (amongst others) that he, the said Frederick Arthur
Paget, executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
his, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe 5
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, do hereby 1
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
.
These improvements relate to centrifugal pumps, whether used for
raising and forcing water and other liquids, or for exhausting and 1
blowing atmospheric air and other gases.
These improvements have been found to considerably increase the
useful effect or duty of such apparatus, whereby more water or air
respectively is transported with a less expenditure of work.
The said improvements are applicable to centrifugal pumps or fans 2
with either a horizontal or a vertical axis. A revolving wheel of the
usual character, made with radial or curved vanes with sides forming
cells or curved spaces is employed. Into this whcel the liquid or gaseous
fluid respectively is gradually guided by means of a curved central
directing plate. This so-called directing plate has its cross section a
shaped by preference to the curve known in hydraulics as the " con-
traction curve." This directing plate is further made moveable and
adjustable, so that the volume of water or air respectively can be
regulated or completely shut off when required from the revolving
wheel. In the instance of a centrifugal pump for water such a directing {
plate is employed as the bottom valve, so that it can be used for filling
the pump. In the instance of a fan or of a centrifugal pump for air two
such directing plates may be employed, one to cach side of the central
orifice. Such directing plate or plates may be combined with any appro-
priate known form of centrifugal pump or fan.
The second portion of the improvements relates to fitting the said
revolving wheel with a fixed casing concentric thereto, and consisting

page_text: In both these forms of this Invention the liquid or gascous fluid
ascends up the suction pipe a, and is gradually guided or led into the
revolving wheel c by means of the directing plate b; from the revolving
wheel or fan c it is projected by centrifugal impulse into the vanes of
the concentric guiding wheel.
In the centrifugal pump shown in Figs. I. the directing plate bis
fixed, but as in the Figs. II. it may be made adjustable so as to regulate
the quantity of the fluid conducted into the pump. In such an instance,
and with a centrifugal water pump, it replaces the foot valve, and serves
to fill the pump, while it also allows such a pump to be placed direct ]
into the outlet pipe without any outer casing.
any
The directing plate is preferably shaped to the section known as the
" contraction curve," and it is clear that it may be adapted to known
form of centrifugal pump or fan. With a centrifugal fan for air two
such directing plates may be employed, one on each side of the central 1
orifice.
The fixed wheel or casing e is fitted concentrically to the outer
periphery of the revolving wheel, and the proportions and directions of
the series of cells of which such fixed wheel or casing consists are
adapted to the absolute velocity of the issuing fluid. The same flows:
out of the cells in a radial direction when no excentric outer casing is
employed, as in Figs. II., and more tangentially when such an excentric
casing is applied, as in Figs. I. Such a concentric fixed wheel or casing
as described may bo applied to any appropriate known form of centri--
fugal pump or fan.
In order to diminish as much as possible the side thrust on the spindles
of horizontal pumps, and the down thrust on the step in pumps with
vertical spindles, what is termed a diffusion plate is employed, the same
being shaped as shewn, the disc connecting the revolving wheel to the
boss keyed on the spindle being made with holes d, as shewn.
The form of thrust bearing used by preference for centrifugal pumps
with horizontal spindles is illustrated to a larger scale in Fig. Ic. The
end of the main spindle is turned out with grooves, as shewn, and it
revolves in a metal bearing bored out thereto, the two ends of which are
shaped as frustra of a cone. These conical ends fit into and are held by
a brass bush, kept from turning by means of a set screw, and the outer
1

page_text: ends of which are screwed in order to be held by caps m and n at each
end. By means of these caps the bearing is kept entirely surrounded
with oil, and by suitably screwing them in and out the spindle and the
revolving wheel on which it is keyed can be exactly set as required.
Two strap pullies, as shewn in Fig. Ia are preferably used when dealing
with great heads of water.
The form of vertical step used by preference for this form of centri-
fugal pump when used for water is shewn to a larger scale in Fig. IIc
The step of the spindle also works in a closed chamber, the closing being
in this case effected by means of water. The main spindle is hollow,
'This
and its bottom recessed out in order to receive the step brass p.
brass or bearing embraces and revolves on the fixed pivot q. The oil
chamber r, formed by means of a ring let into the bottom of the spindle,
gets filled with oil, while the space outside this ring is filled with water,
which floats up the oil between the working surfaces. Any dirt sinks to
the bottom at t. The top of the outer chambers is loosely closed by
means of an annular leather cover.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and shewn by
means of Drawings the mode of carrying it out, I declare that the points
claimed as novel and to be secured by Letters Patent arc,—
1. Guiding or leading the liquid or gaseous fluid gradually into the
vanes of the revolving wheel by means of a curved central directing
plate, as shewn.
2. Shaping the cross section of the said directing plate to the curve
known in hydraulics as the "contraction curve."
3. Making the directing plate moveable and adjustable, so that the
volume of water or air can be regulated or completely shut off from the
revolving wheel.
4. In a centrifugal pump for water employing such a directing plate
as the bottom valve, so that it can be used for filling the pump, while
the same can be set up in the outlet main, and the usual outer casing
may be dispensed with.
5. Employing for the revolving portion of the pump or fan respec-
tively a series of cells or inclosed spaces, into which the fluid is gradually
5 led by means of the directing plate.

page_text: 6. In a centrifugal fan for air, employing by preference two directing
plates, one to cach side of the central orifice.
7. Combining such a directing plate or plates with any appropriate
form of centrifugal pump or fan.
8. Fitting the revolving wheel at its outer periphery with a fixed
casing or wheel concentric thereto, and preferably consisting of a series
of guiding blades or vanes with sides forming cells, by which the velocity
of the liquid or the fluid issuing from the revolving wheel is gradually
reduced as it flows out of the fixed casing.
9. Combining such a concentric wheel or casing with any appropriate 1
known form of revolving centrifugal pump or fan, with or without the
directing plato, as described.
10. For a centrifugal pump for water employing a diffusion plate
shaped as shewn, and forming the disc connecting the revolving wheel
to the boss keyed on the spindle with openings, so as to equalize the 1
pressure and side thrust on the spindle.
11. For a centrifugal pump for water with horizontal spindle om-
ploying a thrust bearing, as shewn, enclosing the said thrust bearing in
an oil chamber, as shewn, and making the said thrust bearing adjustable
longitudinally.
12. For a centrifugal pump for water with a vertical spindle making
the spindle hollow for the supply of oil down its centre, as shown,
recessing out the end of the said spindle, and causing it to embrace the
brass step working on the vertical pivot, as shewn, recessing the vertical
standard in which the pivot is held to form a chamber within which the 2
oil is supplied, as shewn, and closing the top of the chamber by means of
a leather cover, whereby in a centrifugal water pump with vertical spindle
the water is caused to float up the oil between the surfaces of contact of
the step brass and the fixed pivot, as shewn.
20
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Arthur Paget, have here- 30
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the
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