matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY KNITTING MACHINERY
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Campion, of Nottingham, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY KNITTING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 19th December 1854, and dated the 31st August 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Campion at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1854.
I, WILLIAM CAMPION, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY KNITTING MACHINERY" to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in that class of knitting
machinery commonly called the rotary knitting frame, by which improvements
I am enabled to narrow the work or transfer loops from one or more needles
at each end of the arms to other needles, at the same time that the course is
being completed. For this purpose Lemploy independent-needles carried by
slides, which are capable of sliding to and fro in combs when acted upon by a
travelling double incline or cam surface.
The sinkers move on axes carried by the needle combs; and are depressed
and raised in succession to form loops by a slur cock, as is well understood.

page_text: The needles are pressed as they are drawn back by a bar or wire, which has
recesses or parts cut away opposite to those needles where the transfer of
loops takes place to effect the narrowing of the work; and this presser bar or
wiro has a partial revolution given to it to bring the recessed parts into
position when narrowing, in order that particular needles may not be pressed.
When particular loops have to be transferred from one needle to another, I
cause a series of points, commonly called shifters or ticklers, carried by a bar,
to come into action, and receive the loops from those particular needles and
then move two gates or spaces, and transfer such loops to the needles they are
then opposite to. The points or shifters when placed over the needles remain
over them during the time the needles move back into the combs, by which the
loops will be conducted on to the points or shifters. The bar which carries
the points or shifters has a to and fro, an up and down, and endway movement
given thereto by suitably shaped cams; and those needles from which the loops
have been removed are retained back by an instrument which enters recesses,
or takes hold of projections formed on their slides, so as to retain them out of
the work until again required, such instrument being governed by suitable
cam surfaces. By this arrangement of parts I am enabled to complete the
narrowing of the work by the use of one thread carrier.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING WITH METALS CERTAIN METALLIC SURFACES
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Emile Paris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1854.
I, CHARLES EMILE PARIS, Chemist, of Paris, in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
COVERING WITH METALS CERTAIN METALLIC SURFACES " to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in giving to articles of metal which have already received
a vitreous coating a further coating of metal, and this I do by applying the
metal in the form of powder or sheets to the vitreous surface, and bringing the
whole to a red heat, whereby the adherence between the two surfaces is
rendered complete.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR SHARPENING RAZORS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Eden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1854.
I, GEORGE HENRY EDEN, of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN INSTRUMENT FOR SHARPENING RAZORS" to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of an instrument as aforesaid, which is constructed
and applied in the following manner, viz. :-At the end of a suitable handle or
holder I fix a metal flange or boss; along the bottom of this flange or boss I
fix two or more dead pins, of highly polished steel or other suitable material,
so that their upper surfaces lie in an even line crossways; upon these the
blade of the razor is to be laid flatways, with the back of the blade to the
flange or boss, the edge resting' upon the upper surfaces of the pins, which
are to be of sufficient length to project beyond the edge of the razor blade.
Above these fixd pins there are other similar pins, partners to the first
mentioned, and mounted upon a carrier, so as to rise and fall. The carrier is
hinged to the top of the boss, and the partner or upper pins (which fall
slightly between the lower ones when closed) are hinged to the carrier, and
their under surfaces, which also lie in an even line parallel with the line of
upper surfaces of the lower pins, and rest upon the upper side of the razor

page_text: blade, and when closed and pressed down form a very sharp angle with the
bottom pins. They are pressed down by a slight pressure upon a thumb plate
at the top of the carrier.
The instrument is used by raising the carrier and upper pins and laying the
razor blade upon the lower pins, edge outwards, and then pressing down 5
the upper pins thereon and drawing the blade through, or backwards and
forwards, between the upper and lower pins, until the required edge is
obtained.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE FILTER
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Griffith Owen, of Shrubland Road, Dalston,
in the County of Middlesex, Architect, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE FILTER."
Sealed the 27th October 1854, and dated the 27th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Griffith Owen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1854.
I, THOMAS GRIFFITH OWEN, of Shrubland Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE FILTER" to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a means for filtering the
water used by soldiers during a campaign.
For this purpose I construct what is known as the cavalry bucket, in the
following manner:-The vessel, somewhat similar in form to the ordinary
bucket, I form by preference of gutta percha, and divide it into three com-
partments by means of two horizontal partitions, also of gutta percha, situate
near the middle of the bucket. The middle space I fill with talc and powdered
charcoal, or other suitable filtering medium,, and allow the water from the
upper compartment to enter this compartment through a central opening in
the upper partition.

page_text: Openings are made in the lower partition to allow the water as it permeates
through the porous bed to fall into the lower compartment, whence it may be
drawn off by a tap.
The bucket is provided with a handle, as usual, and the gutta percha -is
japanned or otherwise coated, to prevent the water from imbibing an unpleasant
taste therefrom. For hospital purposes I propose to construct portable
filtering water vessels on the same plan, the form being modified according to
circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Grubb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July 1854.
I, THOMAS GRUBB, of Dublin, Civil Engineer, do hereby declaro the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES " to be as follows:-
My improvements are three in number; the first consists of a "stage" (or
object holder); it is capable of movement through an entire revolution, and
the usual slow motions to and fro in opposite directions are obtained by cam
rings, in such manner as to be equally convenient of manipulation in all
positions of the "stage."
My second improvement is in the illuminating part, and consists of a new
form of prism, which when suitably mounted effects every kind of illumination
required both for translucent and opaque objects by its own revolution, and
without changing the position either of the microscope or the source of light.
My third improvement consists in the addition of a graduated sectoral arc
to microscopes concentric to the plane of the object "in situ," on which either
the aforesaid prism or other suitable illuminator is made to slide, thereby
producing every kind of illumination required for microscopic examination,
and also the means of registering or applying any definite angle of illumination
at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING AND HEATING STOVES, AND IN GENERATING HEAT THEREFORE
Year: 1854

page_text: Sealed the 7th July 1854, and dated the 9th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Peter Berquez at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1854.
I, FRANCIS PETER BERQUEZ, of Richmond Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING AND HEATING STOVES, AND IN GENERATING
HEAT THEREFORE," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in gas cooking stoves consists in constructing
such stoves almost entirely of tiles or bricks, so that an earthenware surface is
presented outside as well as inside the stove, thereby preventing the unpleasant
effects consequent on the transmission and radiation of heat from iron surfaces.
I form the stove of bricks or tiles of a suitable size, and dovetail, cement, or
otherwise unite them in a skeleton frame of metal. A further improvement
consists in forming the inside of the stove of a series of corrugations or angular

page_text: surfaces, for the better reflection of the heat. To promote this same object I
also render the reflecting surfaces of a bright ruby colour.
My improvements in generating heat refer to the arrangement of gas burner
I employ for heating these stoves. It consists of a small earthenware chamber
placed round the lower part of the stove, which emits two films of air in
horizontal lines, one above and the other below a series of gas jets placed
parallel between the two films of air. I form the gas jets of steel, coated with
gold, silver, or platinum, to prevent oxidation. By this arrangement of burner
a better combustion of the gas is insured, and consequently.a greater heat
produced for the quantity of gas consumed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING HATS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November 1854.
I, JOHN GRAY, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, Scotland,
Newspaper Proprietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING HATS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming in the upper part of the hat a kind of
chamber or air passage all round it, into which the air from the inside of the
hat may pass, and out of which it may escape through a series of perforations
or openings placed round the outer circumference of the hat.
In the manufacture of the hat, there are formed several sets of perforations
round the circumference at the upper part; also, in the upper part of the
hat is formed inside a kind of inner hat, of light material, in which near
the crown a series of holes are made all round, so as to admit of the air from
the inside of such inner hat passing therefrom into the chamber or space
between it and the ordinary hat, the perforations in the circumference of
which open a communication between such chamber or space and the external
air. The degree of ventilation may be regulated by means of an internal slide
or cover, passing over the openings in the inner hat.
CERTAIN IMPROve- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hodson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1854.
I, THOMAS HODSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROve-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING YARN OR THREAD" to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate particularly to that class of machinery known as
'doubling frames."
My first improvement consists in the saving of "waste," and I effect it by
employing a bent lever (supported by the framing), in the middle of which
is placed a vertical glass rod, having at one end the "top roller" and at the
other end a counterbalance weight. At the "top roller" end of the bent lever
the lever is prolonged and turned downwards, the lever end pressing upon the
yarns; the yarn first passes under the top roller, then over it, and round
the vertical glass rod, from thence over the drawing roller and extreme end of
the bent lever. It will now be readily understood that the instant the yarn
breaks, the extreme end of the bent lever is released, the counterbalance
weight comes into effect, and the top roller" is thrown up, thereby pre-
venting any waste occurring, as is now the case, by the yarns following on
round the drawing roller.

page_text: Secondly, my improvements relate to thread wires. In lieu of the present
thread wires I employ a plate perforated and of any suitable material, having
at each hole or perforation a diagonal slot, by which means much labor is
saved in the replacement of the threads.
Thirdly, at the top or head of the flyer I use a plate having a curved and
regular edge, whereby breakage is prevented.
Fourthly, in the regulation of the bobbin in its seat I employ a regulating
screw and nut, whereby any desired adjustment may be given to it.
And, fifthly, my improvements relate to the steadying of the "bolster;"
this I effect by the use of a sexagonal collar or flange.
By these several improvements I am enabled to effect a great saving of
material as well as economy of labor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE SLIDE VALVES IN STEAM ENGINES, TO BE CALLED THE ANTI-PRESSURE VALVE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the prescrived
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Rees at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 8th February
1854.
I, EDWARD THOMAS REES, of Prospect Place, Swindon, in the County of
Wilts, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE SLIDE VALVES IN STEAM ENGINES, TO BE CALLED THE
ANTI-PRESSURE VALVE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to take the pressure off valves in steam
engines. By the above Invention there will not be more than ten hundred
weight of pressure on the two valves in a locomotive engine, while the valves
on the present system in the large locomotive engines have from twelve to
thirteen tons of pressure on the two valves.
My Invention is by the application of vulcanized india-rubber let into the
top of the valve by leaving a vacancy in the casting of the valve to receive a
ring of india-rubber two inches wide by one inch and a half thick.
The casting to be circular at the bottom to receive the india-rubber, and at
the top the vacancy in the casting is to be three quarters of an inch wider than
the india-rubber, or thereabouts, to allow for compressing the india-rubber; the
india-rubber to be manufactured in one piece.

page_text: A plate of metal to have a rib formed in the casting thereof, which rib is to
press on the india-rubber, and to be fitted on the piece left in the valve for
that purpose. The elasticity of the india-rubber keeps the plate steam-tight
against the back plate of metal, and the said back plate is made secure on the
pieces left in the steam chest for that purpose or secured in any manner that
may be convenient, so that let the pressure be what it may on the plate, it will
not press on the valve.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR THE MELTING OF STEEL AND OTHER METALS REQUIRING A CRUCIBLE IN THE MELTING THEREOP
Year: 1854

page_text: ventio Tece
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
June 1854.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BROWN, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR THE MELTING
OF STEEL AND OTHER METALS REQUIRING A CRUCIBLE IN THE MELTING THEREOP" to
be as follows:-
Instead of the old fixed and immoveable furnace now in use for the melting
of steel or other metals in crucibles, I propose a portable furnace, the outer
case whereof may be of wrought or cast iron, or other equally strong metal,
lined with fire stone, or fire brick, or pounded gannister, or clay, or any other
substance capable of resisting intense heat, suspended on axes in the sides
upon a moveable carriage on wheels or rollers.
This furnace is to receive the crucible, and, along with its carriage, is to be
drawn out entire from under the flues or stack, and the melted metal to be
poured therefrom into the ingot moulds, by tilting the entire furnace (crucible
included) by means of a pulley or block.
I also propose an auxiliary furnace in which to heat the steel or other metal

page_text: previously to putting it in the crucible, so that one charge is preparing whilst
another is melting.
This auxiliary furnace is made of fire clay or brick, fixed in the flue which
conveys the flame or heat from the portable furnace to the stack, so as to receive
the heat in its passage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ALARUMS AND SIGNALS TO BE USED IN OR ON RAILWAYS, SHIPS, HOUSES, BUILDINGS, PLANTATIONS, OR OTHER PLACES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF GIVING AUDIBLE OR VISIBLE SIGNALS IN CASES OF DANGER OR ALARM
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adolphus Biddell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1854.
I, WILLIAM ADOLPHUS BIDDELL, of Great Sutton Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ALARUMS AND SIGNALS TO BE USED IN OR ON RAILWAYS,
SHIPS, HOUSES, BUILDINGS, PLANTATIONS, OR OTHER PLACES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF
GIVING AUDIBLE OR VISIBLE SIGNALS IN CASES OF DANGER OR ALARM," to be as
follows:-
The improved alarums or signals, which form the subject of the present
Invention, may be either simply explosive and audible or explosive, in com-
bination with a visible signal, consisting of a colored fire, which, by the
explosion of some detonating composition, may be made to ignite the colored
fire composition, and produce a visible signal of any required duration.
The Invention consists in placing the detonating or explosive compound,
which should be coated with gutta percha or other substance capable of resisting
damp, in a box, cylinder, or case, in which is placed a moveable piston or block,
so arranged that it may be drawn forward and made to compress the detonating
ball or balls placed in the box, cylinder, or casé, and thereby explode the same
and cause a loud report. Supposing the apparatus is intended to be applied
to a door or gate, or to the engine of a railway train, the box, cylinder, or case

page_text: containing the detonating composition is secured to the door post or to the
engine, and a cord or chain leading from the moveable piston or block in the
cylinder is attached to the door or some other moveable part. It will now be
understood, that upon attempting to open the door or to do anything that will
disturb the block or piston in the cylinder, the detonating balls will be exploded
with a loud report and cause an alarum. In some cases, a merely audible
signal, which will only last a few moments, will not be sufficient; I therefore
propose
to add thereto a box or case containing a given quantity of some pre-
paration, which when burning will give out a bright or colored flame for
some time, so as to direct attention to the particular spot where danger is
apprehended.
It will be evident that an Invention of this kind is applicable to a variety of
cases where it is required to give notice of danger; such, for instance, as to
signal between the guard and driver of a railway train.
The apparatus may also be adapted to the rails of railways, so as to give
notice of the, approach of a train; or to fire signals at a distance from the
station, to give notice of danger to the driver of an approaching train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AFFIXING ADHESIVE STAMPS AND LABELS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Piper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April 1854.
I, JOSEPH PIPER, of Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex, Furnishing
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR AFFIXING ADHESIVE STAMPS AND LABELS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a combination of apparatus by which stamps or
labels are taken from a suitable holder, are moistened on their adhesive sur-
faces, are carried to the place where the letters or surfaces on which they are
fixed are placed, and are pressed on to make them adhere. For this purpose,.
a lever apparatus is used and is caused to vibrate on its upright axis; one
end of this lever passes under a hollow trunk or holder within which the
stamps or labels are contained, and moves the lowest one into position to be
moistened by a roller or instrument on its adhesive side; the other end of the
lever comes to the stamp or label thus moved into position, and takes it
between nippers, and carries it to the position where it is to be applied, when a
presser is caused to descend as the nippers go away, and to press the stamp or
label on to the surface to which it is desired it should adhere.
AN IMPROVED WINDLASS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cooper Hall, of Monkwearmouth, in the
County of Durham, Ship Owner, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
WINDLASS."
Sealed the 12th December 1854, and dated the 31st October 1854.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 31st October 1854, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME AND CONCERN,
I, JAMES COOPER HALL, of Monkwearmouth, in the County of Durham, Ship
Owner, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said James Cooper Hall, am now making application to
Her Majesty for grant of Letters Patent empowering me to use an Invention
of "AN IMPROVED WINDLASS :"
NOW KNOW YE, I, the said James Cooper Hall, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of an improved windlass to consist in adding to
the barrel of the windlass certain apparatus for preventing the tendency of
the cable working to one end of the barrel, and the riding of the cable and its
jerking and irregular action in raising anchors or other weights.
The apparatus which I employ for this purpose consists of a piece of wood
or iron with deep grooves or projecting pieces, constituting guides for the cable.

page_text: The
As the cable is wound upon the capstan the guiding apparatus is down upon
the capstan, so that the cable is laid regularly by the guides without riding,
and when the cable is to be let out, the apparatus may be raised up.
apparatus may be raised or lowered by a chain, acted on by a lever attached to
one end, which can be raised, the other end being affixed by a hinge to the
side of the support of the capstan. By means of this apparatus, when in action
the cable can be wound regularly on the barrel without fleeting, and when the
cable is to be let out, the apparatus can be raised from off the barrel, so as to
leave the windlass clear for letting go the anchor or other weight.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Cooper Hall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
JAMES COOPER HALL. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cooke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June 1854.
I, WILLIAM COOKE, of Curzon St., Saint George's Parish, Hanover Square,
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS TO BOOTS AND SHOES" to be as follows:-
To the ordinary sole of a boot or shoe I propose to attach portions of a
second sole to such parts of the original as are now liable to wear; this
second sole, or portions thereof constituting a portable application, can be put
on boots or shoes either already made or to be manufactured, and by means
of a cement already applied to the substance, or seperately used, or by nails
It is proposed to employ for the above object either leather, gutta
percha, india-rubber, or such other material as may suggest itself as best
adapted for the above purpose.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRILLING OR BOREING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dominiques Deyres, Engineer, of 16, Bateman
Buildings, Soho Square, London, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRILLING OR BOREING."
Scaled the 13th June 1854, and dated the 6th February 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Dominiques Deyres at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th February 1854.
I, DOMINIQUES DEYRES, Engineer, of 16, Bateman Buildings, Soho Square,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRILLING OR BOREING" to be as follows:-
The Drawing exhibits a side elevation of the drill which I employ, and gives
the general arrangement of the detail. a, a, a, a, is the frame of the drill;
b, b, is the rigger, through which the power is applied; c, c, and d, d, are bevil
wheels, to alter or change the speed, and drive the drill stock f, by the spur or
pinion e; g, g, is the table on which the work is to be placed; is a handle,
which raises or lowers the work by means of the rack i, i; the drill is kept
home by the screw k. The drill may be worked by hand through the handle
m. Although I exhibit in the Drawing bevil wheels to communicate motion
to the drill stock and change the speed, yet in many cases drums or riggers
may be used with belts. n is a fly wheel, to give uniformity to the motion;
o, o, is a ratchet wheel, to sustain the table g in its proper position; P is a

page_text: binding screw, to fix the table g. I claim as the principles of my Invention
the arrangement of bevil wheels, as exhibited, for giving motion and altering
speed. I claim also the method of fixing the table up to its work by the
arrangement shown. The work is enabled to be shifted with greater facility,
the drill stock f, being long, enables holes of greater length to be drilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Ruston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1854.
I, RICHARD RUSTON, of Lansdown Villa, Northumberland Street, Vauxhall
Road, Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of giving to an anchor an elasticity in the direction
of the length of the shank. For this purpose the shank of an anchor is
made of two parts, one sliding within the other. The end of one part is
formed with or fixed to the arms, and the end of the other part is formed with
or fixed to the stock, and a spring or springs are introduced into the tubular
part in such manner as to tend to draw the two parts of the shank together,
and to resist the shank being extended in length; hence, when a ship is riding
by such an anchor, in case of sudden stress on the ship, the spring by its
elasticity will allow the shank of the anchor to become lengthened, and when
the ship is relieved, the spring will re-act and bring the parts of the anchor
to their ordinary positions.
PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF FULIGINOUS SMOKE FROM SHAFTS AND FLUES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tucker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1854.
I, WILLIAM TUCKER, of Old Brompton, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF FULIGINOUS SMOKE FROM SHAFTS
AND FLUES" to be as follows, that is to say:
My said Invention has reference to constructing flues and shafts adapted to
furnaces of all descriptions in such manner, and in connection with such
machinery or apparatus, that the smoke passing through the said flues or
shafts may escape in a state of extreme tenuity, and purified from all fuliginous
particles, by which the surrounding air might be contaminated; and the
manner in which I propose to carry out the aforesaid objects is as follows:-
I construct a series of shafts or flues of any convenient number, communi-
cating with each other by the upper and lower portions alternately; the outer
wall of the said shafts or flues and one or more of the partitions between them
being furnished with soot doors in the lower part, which may be opened or
closed at pleasure, for the purpose of cleansing or repairing the apparatus; and
in cach such shaft or flue I place a series of caloric bars, set obliquely towards
each other at regular intervals in horizontal planes, and secured at their centres
to a vertical rod, which is fastened to the wall of the shaft or flue by a
horizontal tie rod at the lower end; and under the said flues I place a tank of

page_text: water, furnished with a waste pipe for carrying off the surplus water; and
over the flues or shafts I place a reservoir of water, from which I convey
descending pipes, the ends of which are connected through the intervention of
stop-cocks with horizontal pipes passing through the upper parts of the flues
or shafts, and having a series of perforations on their upper surfaces. The
said stop-cocks or waterways being opened by a self-acting apparatus whenever
fresh coal is placed on the furnace, the water from the reservoir flows into
them, and issues in 'jets from the perforations in the upper surfaces, whence
it partly fulls into the tank beneath, and partly is converted into steam by
impinging against the heated walls of the flue and the caloric bars. The water
thus falling towards the reservoir carries down the fuliginous particles of the
smoke, which are removed with it through the waste pipe, while the part
which is converted into steam produces an increased draught through the flues,
by which the remainder of the smoke is carried off in a thin transparent
stream through the main shaft of the chimney.
4
I claim the general arrangement of flues and shafts, and of machinery or
apparatus in connexion therewith, in the manner and for the purposes herein
set forth and described.
AN IMPROVED CEMENT APPLICABLE AS A MORTAR OR FOR MOULDING PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Young Darracott Scott,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th March 1854.
I, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Queen's Terrace, Woolwich, in the
County of Kent, Captain in the Royal Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CEMENT APPLICABLE AS A
MORTAR OR FOR MOULDING PURPOSES "to be as follows:-
The object of this Invenion is to produce at a cheap rate a cement that will
set quickly, and will not deteriorate by exposure to the air and to moisture. A
cement answering to these requirements I propose to obtain by either of the
following plans, which are intended to produce a similar result :-
1st, by calcination so applied as to drive off only a portion of the carbonic
acid contained in chalk or limestone, leaving the substance in the state of sub-
carbonate.
2nd, by subjecting. ordinary quick-lime or super-calcined lime to heat in
the presence of carbonic acid, so as to bring it back to the state of a sub-
carbonate.
3rd, by mixing quick-lime and carbonate of lime in such proportions as to
enable them to form when properly treated a sub-carbonate.
I reduce these substances to a powder, and mix them with a proper pro-
portion of hot or cold water.
AN IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF FOOD
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wyse Mackie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1854.
I, JOHN WYSE MACKIE, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, North
Britain, Biscuit Baker to Her Majesty, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DESCRIPTION OF FOOD" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in incorporating the essence of butchers' meat with
flour, and the other ingredients herein-after mentioned, and forming therewith
a biscuit or rusk, which by the addition of boiling water may be rendered
suitable as a food in another form.
The proportions of the ingredients used, and the mode of manufacturing
this article of food, are as follows:-To one stone of flour take six quarts
of strong beef "stock," dissolve the "stock," rub into the flour one pound
and a quarter of butter, add four ounces of ground pepper, six ounces of
salt, one ounce of carbonate of soda, and three quarters of an ounce of
tartaric acid. The two latter ingredients must be finely sifted into the flour.
Then with these materials make a dough, roll it out, cut it into forms,
which, after being pierced or stabbed with holes, must be baked, and this
should be in a moderate oven; jelly "stock" may also be used in the same
Should it be desired, a small quantity of boiling water may be
poured on to these biscuits or rusks, when they will swell, and become of a
light-pulpous-consistency,-somewhat-resembling-a-thick-soup.-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CERTAIN METALLIC SPRINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellis Rowland and James Rowland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th March 1854.
We, ELLIS ROWLAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JAMES ROWLAND, of the same place, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CERTAIN METALLIC SPRINGS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates solely to that peculiar class of metallic springs,
(whether made of iron or other suitable metal,) which are in ordinary use for
many purposes, such as buffer springs, springs for expanding the elastic
metallic packing of pistons, springs for seats, cushions, beds, and many other
similar purposes, such springs being usually called "spiral" or "helical "
springs, "helical" being the proper term. A "helix" or helical spring is as
a curved line that ascends winding about a cylinder, which is the class of
spring to which we particularly allude; whereas a "spiral" is a curve that
descends winding about a cone or spire, so that all the points of it continually
approach the axis.
Our improvements consist in casting such springs in sand or moulds in the
ordinary manner in which iron castings are usually done, instead of forming
or cutting such springs out of a broad ring of metal, by turning and cutting
the same in the lathe, as commonly effected.

page_text: By casting such springs at once complete in the mould, we find them much
more elastic and useful, and of very much better quality, in consequence of all
their surfaces retaining the perfect "skin" of the metal, instead of having the
cut or turned surfaces of those springs which have heretofore been made from
rings, in which this outer "skin" is necessarily removed by the operation of
turning and cutting the rings to form the springs required.
CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DRAUGHT AND PREVENTION OF SMOKE IN DOMESTIC STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Grant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1854.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM GRANT, of Bath, in the County of Somerset, a
Lt.-Colonel on the Retired List of the Indian Army, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
DRAUGHT AND PREVENTION OF SMOKE IN DOMESTIC STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES "
to be as follows:-
In a common chimney, the continuity of the draught between the fire and the
flue of the chimney is broken by its passing through a large open space before
entering the flue; and in new buildings, and in damp weather, when this space
is full of cold damp air, the heated air from the fire is so cooled and the
current checked as to stop its ascent up the flue. Now, my Invention consists
in fixing a funnel or conical-shaped tube to a register or metal cover to the
breast of the chimney leading well into the flue, whereby a perfect and direct
draught is secured from the fire to the chimney flue; the funnel being made
smaller at top than at bottom, admits of its being drawn out clear of the grate
for the purpose of sweeping the chimney, and it is so fixed that any chimney
sweep can take it out. The register top is contracted in form, so as to draw the
smoke towards the funnel, and is made square in front to prevent any smoke

page_text: coming into the room. This funnel will also prevent any soot from falling down
the chimney, and as wind which blows down a chimney clings to the sides of
the flues, the funnel would in a great measure, if not entirely, obviate this
evil. There may be a valve fixed in the funnel to regulate the draught, if
necessary. This register plate and funnel are well adapted to kitchen chimneys,
and obviously take the place of a register grate, but the conical funnel may
be applied to any existing register grate. The register top and funnel may be
applied most easily to any existing fire-place at a small cost.
MAKING SULPHATE OF SODA, OR GLAUBER'S SALTS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephan Schwabe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June 1854.
-A communication.
I, STEPHAN SCHWABE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "MAKING SULPHATE OF SODA, OR
GLAUBER'S SALTS," to be as follows:-
I take the refuse produced in the ordinary manufacture of the carbonate of
soda, or soda ash, and mix it with the muriate of soda, or common salt. This
mixture I submit to the action of heat in a reverberatory furnace. After a
lapse of time, the mixture is removed from the furnace, broken up, and put
into water, which after a short time is run off in the forin of a solution of
sulphate of soda, or Glauber's salts. The sulphate of soda, or Glauber's salts,
having been produced in the furnace from the mixture of refuse and salt,
this solution is then boiled down or evaporated, and the sulphate of soda, or
Glauber's salts, remains in a solid state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVES
Year: 1854

page_text: the 2106.7
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Samson Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1854.
I, FREDERICK SAMSON THOMAS, of 17, Cornhill, City of London, and Hooks
Villa, Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of certain mechanical means for
the construction of an improved locomotive, whereby I collect, compress, and
expand atmospheric air, and cause it to become a more useful motive power
for propelling. The mode by which I collect the atmosphere is by bellows
of the fan construction, which I affix to and work by the axles or the wheels of
the carriages of the train; such atmosphere I then convey into reservoirs and
box bellows, which I compress by the rotation thereupon of a laden disk, and
subsequently expand by the application of calorie, in which state 1 employ it.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKET BOOKS, BILL CASES, OR OTHER SUCH DEPOSITORIES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Riley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June 1854.
I, SAMUEL RILEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POCKET
BOOKS, BILL CASES, OR OTHER SUCH DEPOSITORIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists principally in the novel application of elastic springs
or bands to the interior of memorandum, account, pocket books, bill cases, &c.,
for the purpose of securing or retaining notes, cash, documents, loose papers,
&c. in the pockets thereof; and also in having certain arrangements of blank
forms, bound in loosely, for the purpose of entering the arrival and departure
of any local or other conveyance, either railway, coach, packet, &c., or making
any other necessary memoranda, such as cash payments or receipts. The
method of securing such or similar articles is by passing the two ends of an
elastic band or spring, either stitched or through eyelet holes, in the front of
the pocket, and fixing them to the back, thereby causing the mouth of the
pocket to spring or be held together and effectually closing the aperture, so
that the cash, stamps, documents, or memoranda cannot fall out, or are thereby
retained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OMNIBUSES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES GENERALLY
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gerner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August 1854.
I, HENRY GERNER, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London, Architect,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF OMNIBUSES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES
GENERALLY," to be as follows:—
My said improvements relate, firstly, to a novel mode of constructing the
bodies of omnibuses to render them lighter for draught, more convenient for
passengers, and economical to manufacture; and, secondly, to a peculiar
arrangement of antifriction axles suitable for omnibus wheels and carriage
wheels generally.
I construct omnibuses with a strong under framework, to which I secure the
axles, springs, wheels, and other requisite parts for draught. Above this frame
I arrange the floor of the omnibus, and divide it longitudinally with a light
iron and wood vertical partition, against which ou each side I affix forms
covered with cushions for seating the passengers, who sit back to back, sepa-
rated by the before-named partition; but sideways they sit in two continuous
lines. By this arrangement I am enabled to place steps the full length
of the omnibus on each side, which may be so contrived as to pass over the
wheels.
My improved omnibus may further have a light roof, and be enclosed on
each side with leather, canvas, or the like, supplied with suitable small glass

page_text: carriage windows, and the whole made to roll up; and a similar attachment
may be made to the framework of the centre partition, so as to leave it entirely
open when required. I recommend the fore wheels to be left exposed, and
the driver's seat to be placed above them, as customary.
My improved antifriction axle consists of a number of metal rollers,
arranged close together within a box in the nave of the wheel, and enclosing
the turned end of the axle. The rollers must be of sufficient size to fit closely
in the annular chamber they occupy around the axle.
The novelty of my said Invention consists in making omnibuses that can be
used either as closed or open vehicles, be freely and easily entered by passengers
singly, without disturbance to each other, and in constructing them in a manner
uniting strength with durability and economy; also in so materially reducing
the friction of the rubbing surfaces of axles as to render the draught easier for
horses than at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRASS-TOPPED NAILS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Marie Philibert Barbette
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1854.
I, ANTOINE MARIE PHILIBERT BARBETTE, of Paris, France, and of 4. South
Street, Finsbury, London, Brass Founder, do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRASS-TOPPED NAILS"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in sinking small headed iron wire points into sand
moulds prepared for casting suitable disks, regularly disposed in straight lines
on both sides of a casting groove in the sand. The upper part of the mould
being set fast on the under part, & the small headed wire points sunk at
their respective places, the molten metal is allowed to flow in all the prepared
spaces; when cold the nails adhere to the cast groove, whence they are broken
off and separately stamped. under any suitable machine, to give them the
required shape, and afterwards gilded or silvered, polished, or burnished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING Tow SO AS TO RENDER IT FIT FOR DRAWING OR ROVING
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jackson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October 1854.
I, JOHN JACKSOx, of Belfast, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING Tow SO AS TO RENDER IT FIT FOR
DRAWING OR ROVING" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a combination of apparatus for removing tow from
hackle surfaces, and rendering them into the state of drawings or rovings.
For this purpose a rotatory brush is employed, which, acting amongst the
hackles, removes the tow therefrom, and delivers it to a dofling cylinder
(clothed with card teeth), from which the tow is removed by a blade, and is
moved & caused to pass between a pair of rollers, or pairs of rollers, from
which it is received in a can or receiver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hurst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1854.
I, WILLIAM HURST, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY CHAIRS " to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in rolling iron of a peculiar shape, and
in cutting the iron thus rolled into pieces of suitable length to make railway
chairs. The chair thus made has a bottom plate, which is fastened to the
sleeper in the ordinary manner, and a projecting flange for supporting a
double-headed rail, or rail of other suitable shape. These chairs are par-
ticularly applicable in those places where the rails are jointed, the end of
each rail being secured to the flange of the chair by bolts and by a fish plate;
they may, however, be used as intermediate chairs. Instead of rolling the
ron, the required shape may be given to the flange against which the rail is
fixed by stamping or by pressure.