A PUMP OF A NEW MECHANISM AND CONSTRUCTION, WHICH WITH LESS FORCE YEILDS A MUCH GREATER QUANTITY OF WATER THAN ANY PUMP THEN IN USE, AND SIM, AND FROM ITS LIGHTNESS EASY TO BE REMOVED, REQUIRES LITTLE OR NO EXPENCE TO KEEP
Year: 1760

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
XAVIER D'ARLES DE LINIERE, late of Suffolk Street, in the Parish of Saint
Martin-in-the-Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, but now resident
at the Hague, in Holland, send greeting.
WHEREAS by Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-
seventh day of November, in the first year of the reign of His present
Majesty King George the Third, reciting that I, the said Francis Xavier
d'Arles de Liniere, had, by my Petition, humbly represented unto His said
Majesty that I had invented "A PUMP OF A NEW MECHANISM AND CONSTRUCTION,
WHICH WITH LESS FORCE YEILDS A MUCH GREATER QUANTITY OF WATER THAN ANY
PUMP THEN IN USE, AND IS MADE IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THE DIAMETER OF THE
DRAWING PIPE, AND THAT OF THE OPENING PIPE OF THE VALVE IN THE SUCKER, ARE
ALMOST EQUAL TO THE DIAMETER OF THE BODY OF THE PUMP; THAT IT WORKS
WITHOUT FRICTION OF THE SUCKER, AND THE PEICE MADE USE OF INSTEAD OF A
SUCKER IS A SOLID BODY WITHOUT LEATHER; THAT THIS NEW-INVENTED PUMP
HAS THE ADVANTAGE OVER ANY OTHER NOW USED, INSOHUCH THAT IT IS SIMPLE, AND
FROM ITS LIGHTNESS EASY TO BE REMOVED, REQUIRES LITTLE OR NO EXPENCE TO KEEP

page_text: IN REPAIR; THAT, NOT BEING LIABLE TO BE WORN OUT OR HURT BY SAND, MUD, AND
FILTH, WHICH FREQUENTLY PUT OTHERS OUT OF ORDER, AND HAVING NO FRICTION OF
ITS SUCKER, IS OP SO LASTING A NATURE AS SCARCE TO BE WORN OUT; THAT IT
IS EXTREMELY USEFULL IN SHIPPING, AND IN FIRES, IN DRAINING OF MARSHES
AND MEADOWS, IN WATERING OF BARREN LAND, IN THE WORKING OF MINES,
AS ALSO IN MANY OTHER RESPECTS;" that I, the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de
Liniere, had been at great expence of time and money in bringing the new-
invented pump to this aforesaid eminent degree of perfection; wherefore and
in regard to the great advantage that will arise to His said Majesty's subjects
from my said new Invention, according to the prayer of my said recited
Petition, His said Majesty did give and grant unto me, the said Francis Xavier
d'Arles de Liniere, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the said Francis
Xavier d'Arles de Liniere, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every
of them, by myself and themselves, or by mine and their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de
Liniere, my executors, administrators, and assigus, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein and hereafter expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend my said Invention within that part of His said
Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in His Plantations and Colonies
abroad, in such manner as to me, the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de Liniere,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of us, should in our discretions
seem meet, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privi-
ledges, and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted
unto me, the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de Liniere, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen
years from the date thereof next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be
compleat and ended, according to the Statute in such case made and provided;
in which said Letters Patent (amongst other things) is a provisoe to the effect
following (that is to say): That if I, the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de
Liniere, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next
and immediately after the date thereof, that then the said Letters Patent, and
all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease,

page_text: determine, and become void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary
thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
NOW KNOW YE, that in pursuance of and in compliance with the said
last-recited proviso, I, the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de Liniere, do hereby
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, and do declare the same to be true and
genuine by the verbal description, plan, and explanation thereof, as follows
(that is to say)-—
These new pumps, used either as drawing pumps, as inverted pumps, as
forcing pumps, or jointly as drawing and forcing pumps, are characterised and
distinguished from all other pumps hitherto used and known, in that these
pumps have but one sole and only peice, that at the same time answers the
ends both of piston and body of a pump; that this peice, which acts as piston,
works without any sensible friction in its action, either in its lift or in its
descent, as is shewn by the following description of two of these pumps, joined
and exhibited as drawing pumps, in the Draught and Figured annexed to this,
and also signed by the Inventor.
A is a drawing pipe, of which the inferior part is immersed in the lower
waters, whilst the superior widens out into a double pipe, forking out into two
branches B and D, each of them closed with a valve S and T, these valves
opening alternately in the aspiration and successive rising of the peices acting
as pistons in these two united pumps. B and F are two pipes united in one
and the same basis, as are also D and C. The inward pipes being to each of
the pumps no more than a continuation of each of their drawing pipes, the
outside diameter of the pipe E, or the branches B and D, at their widest part,
where they are closed with the valves S and T, are here supposed to be of
three inches, and their height nine inches; the inside diameter of F and C
seven inches, and their height twenty-four inches; these pipes F and C
serving as cisterns to the pipes B and D, which they embrace or cover. G is
a pipe of about ten or twelve inches in height, having at its upper end a
valve H, its interior diameter being the same with the exterior diameter of
the upper end of the pipe B, which it embraces, the space between them being
the very least possible, so as to allow their play without touching: and to
prevent their touching, and all friction in their action, this pipe G has four
small iron rods fastened to its sides longways, at equal distance from each
other, and so as to be occasionally skrewed forward or backward, each of these
rods having two casters or truckles lett into them marked L, which, being eight
in number, lightly touch and rolls against the insides of the pipes F' and C, or

page_text: against some small iron staves with grooves in them, so disposed as to answer
the same end, namely, to prevent all motion from the one side to the other
either in the ascent or descent of the pipes G and Y, the very peices that
at once answer in use as bodies of pumps and as pistons, further to be
explained hereafter. The action of the pipe Y, which embraces the upper
part of the pipe D, is the same of that of G with regard to B. M and N
are two levers, which the pistons G and Y are fastened to by chains, to be
successively raised and lowered by the action of a man in P, the machine
containing the new principle for power, also invented by him, the said sub-
scribing author. Qis a bason common to both pipes F and C, for receiving
the water flowing from them at the alternate rising of the pieces G and Y,
serving equally as pistons and as bodies of pumps. N.B. That these pumps
are to be understood to stand in the bason Q, as the annexed Figure does
not represent them to be there, which it could not do without hiding part of
their construction and action.
Action and effect of these pumps.-The large pipes F and C being once
full of water, and the lever M made to move by the agent in P, and the peice
or pipe G, first resting in R, being raised, its valve H has remained closely
shut by the pressure of the outward air, whilst the valve S has been opened
by the same action of the air upon the lower waters. The eight casters or
truckles L have guided the peice or piston G in such a manner as that its
inside has not been allowed to touch or rub against the outside of the lesser
pipe B, about which it plays, and during the instant of the lift, no air having
had time to penetrate through the water into F, and that water itself not
having had time to pass through the very small opening between B and G, or
at least in no greater quantity than to be valued at naught, it must plainly
appear, that whilst the pipe G ascends six or eight inches, its inside must fill
with a like column of water from the drawing pipe, and that G, being thus the
container of the rising water, consequently answers the very use of body of a
common pump. It must also be evident, that when the pipe G comes to be
lett loose, it must go down by its own weight without any friction, and at the
same time that the valve S of the drawing pipe will close whilst the valve II
rising will force the water out of the pipe G, still acting equally as piston and
as body of a pump in this new Invention, an action that remains ever the
same, whether these pumps be variously constructed, so as to be called
drawing pumps, inverted pumps, forcing pumps, or, at one and the same time
drawing and forcing pumps, which being thus demonstrated and described,
must constantly be the characteristick of these new pumps, and what will

page_text: distinguish their essence and the new principle they are made upon, from all
other pumps now known or in use.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de Liniere, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Third day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixty-one.
FRANCOIS XAVIER D'ARLES DE LINIERE.
(L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that the aforesaid Francis Xavier d'Arles
de Liniere, by his Letter of Attorney, bearing date the Third day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixty-one, con-
stituted and appointed Joseph Hickey, Esquire, his Attorney, giving to him
full power and authority, in his stead and name, to acknowledge, before the said
Lord the King in His Chancery, the Writing aforesaid to be the Deed of him,
the said Francis Xavier d'Arles de Liniere, which said Joseph Hickey, the
Eleventh day of March, in the year aforesaid, came before our said Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Writing aforesaid, and all and
singular the matters and things in the same contained and specified, in form
aforesaid, by virtue and force of the aforesaid Letter of Attorney. And the
said Writing was stamped according to the form of the Statute made in the
sixth year of the reign of the late King William and Queen Mary, and so
forth. The tenor of which aforesaid Letter of Attorney follows in these
words:-
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that I, Francis Xavier
d'Arles de Liniere, late of Suffolk Street, in the Parish of Saint Martin-
in-the-Feilds, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, but now resident at
the Hague, in Holland, do ordain, make, constitute, and in my stead put.
Joseph Hickey, of Saint Alban's Street, in the Parish of Saint James, within
the Liberty of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, my true
an lawfull Attorney, for me, and in my name and stead, to acknowledge
or cause to be acknowledged, before our Sovereign Lord the King that
now is, in His High Court of Chancery, the Deed Poll or Writing hereunto
annexed, by me made and executed, and bearing even date herewith, pur-
porting to be a Description or Specification of my Invention of a pump upon
a new construction, in pursuance of a proviso contained in Letters Patent of

page_text: His said present most Excellent Majesty, for the sole use of the same, as my
true and indefeazible act, praying that the same may be inrolled, and to do,
acknowledge, and execute for me, in my stead and namie, all and every matter
and thing relating to the same Deed Poll or Writing, so far as may be neces-
sary to procure and cause the same to be duly inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery.
T
His said present most Excellent Majesty, for the sole use of the same, as my
true and indefeazible act, praying that the same may be inrolled, and to do,
acknowledge, and execute for me, in my stead and namie, all and every matter
and thing relating to the same Deed Poll or Writing, so far as may be neces-
sary to procure and cause the same to be duly inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Xavier d'Aries de Liniere, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Third day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixty-one.
and thing relating to the same Deed Poll or Writing, so far as may be neces-
sary to procure and cause the same to be duly inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Xavier d'Aries de Liniere, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Third day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixty-one.
FRANCOIS XAVIER D'ARLES DE LINIERE. (L.S.)
Sealed and delivered, in the presence
of us,
PHILIPPE ANTOINE DAUTRIVE,
Witness.
PIERRE REICHENBACH,