IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOB INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay and Alexander Morton, Engineers,
both of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, for the Invent-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOB INJECTING AND EJECTING
FLUIDS."
Sealed the 3rd May 1864, and dated the 7th November 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay and
Alexander Morton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th November 1863.
We, ANDREW BARCLAY and ALEXANDER MORTON, Engineers, both of Kil-
marnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING
AND EJECTING FLUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain arrangements and construction of appa-
ratus for raising and forcing fluids generally, which apparatus may either
inject or eject fluids or gases of any description without the aid of any
moving machinery.
According to one modification of this Invention a circular chamber or
cylinder may be so divided that the lower part may be in communication
with the suction pipe, whilst the upper part may be in communication with
the actuating fluid, or vice versa. Within the lower end of this cylinder or
chamber a flat or curved annular surface may be formed with an inverted
cone in the centre, so fixed that a free annular opening is left all round it for
the passage of the water or other fluid to be raised; within the upper end of

page_text: this chamber another similar annular surface piece may be so arranged
that it can be adjusted either nearer or further from the annular surface
surrounding the inverted cone. Through the centre of this adjustable piece
the actuated fluid passes, and on meeting the base of the inverted cone
impinges thereon and radiates in the annular wanes towards the periphery,
carrying with it the water or other fluid to be raised, which enters by the
annular opening formed in the lower part of the said chamber. In cases
where it is necessary to force as well as to lift the water or other fluid above
the apparatus, the discharge chamber may be so formed as to cause the issuing
fluid or fluids to glide gradually into a direction at right angles therewith
before being finally discharged. This may be accomplished in various ways;
for instance, an eliptical-shaped discharge chamber may surround the issuing
fluid, so that one end of the said chamber may form a circle of which the
issuing fluid becomes a tangent thereto. The other smaller end of the said
chamber may then be connected or of itself form the discharge oirifice. It
may be necessary to combine two of the before-mentioned apparatuses, so that
the one may merely raise or lift the water or other fluids whilst the other
then merely forces it; and also one lifting apparatus may be combined with
that known as Giffard's injector, and by this means supply water to steam
boilers from any depth where an ordinary lift pump is required.
Another part of this Invention consists of applying the before-mentioned
apparatus to locomotive or traction engines, for the purpose of refilling their
tanks at the convenient depôts by the use of their own steam. In cases
where the actuating fluid requires to be raised in temperature, a communica-
tion may be formed between the suction side of the apparatus and any
ordinary furnace or source of heat, so that the products of combustion may
be brought into direct contact therewith, a colder medium being substituted
when the reverse is required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Andrew Barclay and Alexander Morton in the Great Seal 3
Patent Office on the 6th May 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wė, ANDREW
BARCLAY and ALEXANDER MORTON, both of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Andrew Barclay and Alexander Morton, Her special license
that we, the said Andrew Barclay and Alexander Morton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Andrew Barclay
and Alexander Morton, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,"
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS," upon
the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Andrew Barclay and Alexander
Morton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Andrew Barclay and Alexander Morton,
do hereby declare the nature of said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to certain arrangements and construction of
apparatus for raising and forcing fluids generally, which apparatus may either
inject or eject fluids or gases of any description without the aid of
any moving
machinery.
According to one modification of this Invention, a circular chamber or
cylinder may be so divided that the lower part may be in communication with
the suction pipe, whilst the upper part may be in communication with the
actuating fluid, or vice versa. Within the lower end of this chamber or
cylinder a flat or curved annular surface may be formed with an inverted cone
in the centre, so fixed that a free annular opening is left all round it for the
passages of the water or other fluid to be raised. Within the upper chamber
another similar annular surface piece may be so arranged that it can be
adjusted either nearer to or further from the annular surface surrounding the
inverted cone. Through the centre of this adjustable piece the actuating fluid
passes, and on meeting the base of the inverted cone impinges thereon, and
radiates in thin annular waves towards the periphery, carrying with it the

page_text: water or other fluid to be raised, which enters by the annular opening formed
in the lower part of said chamber. In cases where it is necessary to
force as well as lift the water or other fluid above the apparatus the dis-
charge chamber may be so formed as to cause the issuing fluid or fluids to
glide gradually into a direction at right angles therewith before being finally
discharged. This may be accomplished in various ways; for instance, an
elliptical-shaped discharge chamber may surround the issuing fluid, so that
one end of said chamber may form a circle, of which the issuing fluid becomes
a tangent thereto. The other smaller end of said chamber may then be con-
nected, or of itself form the discharge orifice. It may be necessary to combine
two of the before-mentioned apparatus, so that the one may merely raise or
lift the water or other fluids, whilst the other then merely forces it, and by
this means supply water to steam boilers from any depth where an ordinary
pump is required.
lift
Another part of this Invention consists in applying the before-mentioned
apparatus to locomotive or traction engines for the purpose of refilling their
tanks at the convenient depths by the use of their own steam. In cases where
the actuating fluid requires to be raised in temperature a communication may
be formed between the suction side of the apparatus and any ordinary furnace
or source of heat, so that the products of combustion may he brought into
direct contact therewith, a colder medium being substituted when the reverse
is required.
.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we shall
now proceed to describe several modifications under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect, reference being had to the expla-
natory Sheet of Drawings, which we have hereunto appended for the purpose
of showing the general arrangement and construction of the instrument.
One modification of our said Invention is represented in longitudinal section
at Figure 1. The actuating fluid enters by the branch or duct A, and the
fluid acted upon enters by the branch or duct B, then both fluids unite
between the two flat annular surfaces C and D within the discharge
chamber E. The adjustable conical centre piece F is formed in one with
its spindle G, which passes through a stuffing box H, and on it is fixed a
hand wheel I, which serves to regulate the admission of the fluids through
the intervention of a fine pitched screw K. chased upon the spindle itself,
and working freely within a corresponding thread formed in one end of the
apparatus. Near to the conical piece F a guide L is formed with three or
more radiating arms extending to the interior sides of the apparatus, so as
not to obstruct the passage of the fluid; this guide may be either screwed

page_text: into or cast in one with the body of the apparatus to maintain the conical
piece F exactly in a central line. A small cock, shown at M, Figure 1, in
connection with the discharge chamber E may be opened or shut to ascertain
the temperature, force, or quantity of the discharge fluid. The action of this
apparatus will be better understood by referring to Figures 2 and 3. The
actuating fluid entering through A impinges upon the base of the inverted
conical piece F, and is then projected towards the periphery of the discs C
and D, forming itself in its course into annular waves, increasing in diameter
as they approach the periphery, similar to the motion shown on the surface of
a disturbed lake, and represented by the dotted arrows, Figure 2. These
waves between the discs C and D become as it were an air-tight fluid piston,
which expels the air and forms a vacuum in the suction pipe B sufficient to
raise water from any depth where an ordinary lift pump may be employed.
If steam be the actuating fluid, and water the fluid acted upon, so soon as the
vacuum is formed between the disos, which is only a few seconds for a column
of twenty feet, the water on meeting the steam condenses it, so that one
steam wave striking beyond the annular opening around the conical piece F
is sufficient to maintain the continued action of the apparatus, and the steam
may be so far shut off by turning the hand wheel I, so as to diminish the
space between the central piece F and the steam plate C, at the same time
increasing the annular water space through the plate D, thereby admitting
more water until it is just discharged from the apparatus with a velocity
equivalent to that of the column on the suction side B of the apparatus, but
diminished by friction and other opposing forces. The proportion of the dif-
ferent parts and distance between the flat annular surfaces C and D alters the
temperature of the discharge water, but with the proportions shown at Figure 1
six hundred gallons of water per hour can be lifted twenty feet with a steam
pressure of twenty pounds per square inch, and discharged with an increase in
temperature of only sixteen degrees Fahrenheit. The higher the steam pressure
the less is the temperature of discharge, this variation taking place in a certain
ratio. With this apparatus any fluid may be the actuating one, if the apparatus
is properly proportioned in accordance with that fluid. For instance, a large
apparatus may be constructed so that the air from a blast engine may be the
actuating fluid entering at A, and the fluid acted upon may be the gases from
any ordinary furnace, at a temperature sufficient to raise the temperature of the
air before entering the main furnace to be blown by the said blast so that the
use of the heater generally employed may be dispensed with altogether; for this
purpose adjustable cones similar to those used in "Giffard's injector" may be
substituted for the annular surfaces or discs before described with a somewhat

page_text: similar result. When the apparatus shown at Figure 1 is to be used for
raising water at the different depots of locomotive or traction engines, it may
either be fixed upon the engine itself with a flexible or other pipe, which can be
readily immersed in the water to be raised by the engine's own steam, or it may
be supplied at the depots by another stationary boiler for supplying the steam
for the injector only, and the water may be raised into a tank as usual on
existing railways, the water so raised, whether by a stationary apparatus
or one fixed on the locomotive or traction engine itself, being only raised
in temperature from fifteen to twenty degrees Fahr*., according to the
depth, it can then be fed into their boilers by either their injectors or pumps.
Where water in tanks for supplying locomotive engines has to stand for a
considerable time in the winter season, its temperature can be easily raised as
required by merely turning the hand wheel and admitting more steam to the
apparatus. The vacuum formed between two flat annular surfaces by ad-
mitting air or other fluids under pressure at or through the centre of one of
these surfaces has been long known, and what we consider original is the
taking advantage of this vacuum and applying it to practical purposes by
forming an annular opening on the other surface capable of adjustment, as
previously described and shown at Figure 1. It is obvious that this appa-
ratus, when used for feeding water to steam tanks or boilers, may be
either placed within a boiler or in a vessel or chamber having direct com-
munication therewith.
Another modification of this Invention is represented in longitudinal
section at Figure 4, where, instead of both the flat annular surfaces C and D,
being fixed at a certain distance apart, that one marked C is made in one
piece with a hollow spindle N, through which the spindle G passes, and is
worked by means of the hand wheel I. Another hand wheel O is keyed on
to the hollow spindle of the disc C, which, when turned round the distance
between the discs, can be made either greater or less to a nicety through the
intervention of the screw P. This hollow spindle passing through a stuffing
box Q and having a groove filled with packing R, prevents any passage of steam
outwardly, although admitting a free passage for the steam entering through
the slots or holes shown at S. Within the discharge chamber and around the
disc D an annular projection T, in connection with the overflow branch U, is
cast and brought within a certain distance of another similar projection V cast
on the other half of the discharge chamber, so that a free slot all round the
periphery of the discs and at some distance therefrom receives the discharge
water, which may be made to issue with great force by turning the hand
wheel I so as to admit more steam. In this modification the apparatus is con

page_text: structed chiefly for forcing water into steam boilers, but of course other fluids
may be employed with a similar result, the chief feature in this modification
being the moveable and adjustable disc C.
Figure 5 represents another form of discharge chamber with stationary
discs and an adjustable centre piece F passing through a hollow spindle of
another adjustable disc L' for regulating the admission of the steam. On
turning the hand wheels I and O the steam and water may be regulated to
the greatest nicety, the one being for the steam and the other for the
water.
The direction of the fluids in each Figure are indicated by the arrows, and with
the foregoing description the whole improvements may be thoroughly under-
stood. The several apparatus, although described as being supplied by steam
direct from the boiler, may of course be supplied with steam after it has per-
formed a previous action, such as, for instance, the exhaust steam from a
steam engine cylinder and other steam machines. In these cases the apparatus
may be termed a "blow-through condenser," the condensing chamber E acting
as the condenser does in other engines.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same may be practically carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that we do not confine ourselves to
the precise details which we have described, as many variations may be made
therefrom without deviating from the true principles of our Invention, but.
what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus or mechanism
for injecting and ejecting fluids, as herein-before described, or any mere modi-
fication thereof.
Second, the employment and use of straight or curved adjustable flat
annular surfaces with openings for the purpose of raising and forcing fluids
generally, as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Third, the application and use of a central adjustable spindle with an
enlarged end in apparatus for raising and forcing fluids, as herein-before
described.
Fourth, the application and use of an adjustable layer or film of steam
between two annular surfaces for the purpose of feeding water to steam boilers
or other vessels, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the arrangement of surfaces so that the actuating fluid between them
acts as an air-tight piston, as herein-before described.

page_text: Sixth, the system or mode of supplying water to locomotive and traction
engines' tanks, as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Seventh, the system or mode of producing a hot blast for furnaces, as herein-
before described.
Eighth, the use of exhaust steam for raising and forcing fluids generally, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Andrew Barclay and Alexander
Morton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth day of
May, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
ANDREW BARCLAY.
(L.S.)
ALEXANDER MORTON. (L.S.)
ANDREW BARCLAY.
(L.S.)
ALEXANDER MORTON. (L.S.)