Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 16th May, 1595-Accepted, 27th July, 1895
Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
We, RICHARD HENRY CRAINE and DAVID CROCKETT CRAINE, both of
West Sixth Street, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A., Contractors, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of bakers' ovens which have a number of
superimposed compartments and flues and the object is to provide baking
compartments entirely surrounded by brick work, and flues which may be easily
cleaned. For this purpose the structure is divided by partition walls to form front
and rear valve controlled passages in communication with the furnace through a
series of flues leading from the furnace and with the chimney.
That portion of the flues which pass above and below each baking com-
partment is constructed of pipes leading from the one valve controlled passage
to the other each successive tier of pipes forming a support for the compartment
or oven immediately above. To facilitate cleaning closable apertures are provided
in alignment with the flues or pipes.
The pipes on their upper surface are covered over with a metal plate, above this
with sand or mortar, and above this latter with a layer of bricks or tiles, to form the
floor of the oven, the sides and roof being of brick.
Dated this 17th day of August 1894.
THOMAS R. SHILLITO,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in Bakers' Ovens.
We, RICHARD HENRY CRAINE and DAVID CROCKETT CRAINE both of
West Sixth Street, Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.A., Contractors, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to that class of bakers' ovens which have a number of
superimposed compartments and flues and the object is to provide an oven of this
class wherein the baking compartments are entirely surrounded by brick work, and
the flues may be easily cleaned.
In the drawings
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a baker's oven embodying the improvements of this
invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line -v of Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section on line w-w of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is an irregular section on line x-x of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a portion of one of the side walls and shewing also
in section one of the slide doors giving access to an oven.
ID 327

page_text: ig is a detached sectional view of one of the tubes opposite the cous va
flue pipes.
Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of one of the supporting stirrups.
Fig. 9 is a detail view of one of the dampers.
Referring to the drawings, a furnace is shewn consisting of a front wall 1, rear
walls 2, side walls 3, bottom 4 and top or roof 5. A vertical partition or wall 6 is
erected from the bottom 4 a slight distance inward of the rear wall 2 so as to form
a compartment 7 communicating with the chimney 8 at its upper end. The
wall 6 terminates at a suitable distance from the roof 5. 9 is a slide damper
having a handle 10. A furnace chamber is formed in the lower front portion of the
structure centrally between the side walls 3, by means of the side walls 11, the
vertical and rear wall 12 which is located about midway between the front of
the structure and the vertical wall 6 near its rear end, and the top or bridge
wall 13. In this furnace chamber, 14 is the fire box, 15 the ash pit, 16 the dead
plate 17 the grate and 18 a passage formed through the rear wall 12. 19, 20, are
doors. 21, 22, are a series of flues extending from the passage 18 obliquely
upward to the compartment 7. 23 like 6 is a partition wall between which and the
front wall is formed a compartment 24. Near the top, the two partition
walls 23 and 6 are connected together by a horizontal wall 25 of fire brick, tile, or
the like so as to form a passage 26.
'
Between the walls 13, 25 (Fig. 4) the outer side walls 3 and the vertical
partition walls 6, 23, a series of ovens are formed. In this instance only two
ovens 27, 28 are shewn. A series of flues or pipes are arranged above and below
each oven to communicate at their opposite ends with compartments 7, 24. In
this instance the lower series of pipes 29 are arranged a small distance above the
bridge wall 13 and form the base upon which the floor of the oven 27 is supported.
30, 31, are successive series of pipes each series forming a bridge which supports
the floor of the oven immediately above and from which bridge the roof of the oven
immediately below is also supported and the construction of which is as follows:-
A series of stirrups consisting of the parallel and inverted U shaped parts 32
connected at their lower ends by bridge parts 33 are suspended from said pipes,
and resting on the bridge parts 33 and held from lateral displacement by the
side parts 32 of said stirrups are the transversely extending strips or plates 34;
the ends of which carried by one pipe abutting or fitting closely against the
adjacent ends of the strips or plates 34 supported from the next pipe of the series as
shewn in Fig. 3. Bricks or tiles 35 are then laid across the plates 34 with their
ends abutting against the adjacent ends of the bricks or tiles carried by the
adjacent stirrup suspended from the same pipe. It will thus be seen that the
length of the brick or tile used in constructing the roof of the ovens will govern
the number of stirrups employed to support them, although if desired more than
one stirrup may be used to support each brick or tile. In order to prevent any
escape of air between the bricks or tiles and to strengthen the roof, a mixture of
sand and mortar 36 is filled in upon the same until, if desired the pipes 30, 31, are
partially embedded.
The bottom of each oven consists of a plate 37 resting on pipes 29, 30, and fitting
closely between the side walls 3 and the partitions 6 and 23; of a layer of sand or
mortar or other suitable mixture 38 upon plate 37 and a layer of brick or tile 39
upon said mixture, said brick or tile 39 forming the immediate bottom of the oven.
It will thus be seen that each oven is entirely surrounded by brick work. Opposite
each pipe or flue connecting the compartments 7, 24, are openings in which are
secured the tubular boxes 40 and these are provided at their outer ends with doors
or lids 41 which when closed prevent the entrance or passage of air through them.
42, 43, are registers for controlling the supply of air to compartments 7, 24, and
therewith also the temperature of the ovens. 45 is a damper pivotally mounted in
a recess formed for the purpose in compartment 7 and closing upon a shoulder 44
of said recess.
The damper is provided with a stem and handle 46 by which it
may be operated. In the opposite compartment 24 is furnished with a similar

page_text: damper 48 closing upon a shoulder 47 and provided with a similar stem and handle 49
(Fig. 1). In compartment 24 there is also another damper 51 closing upon a
shoulder 50 and having a stem and handle 52. In compartment 7 is a damper 53
which is located above a series of pipes 31. A series of holes or openings are
formed through one or the other of the side walls 3, each opening communicating
with an oven.
The ovens are preferably lined with tubular castings 55 (Fig. 6)
having projecting grooved ends 56 about twice the length of the openings (Fig. 1)
in which ends are carried slide doors or covers 57 to open and close the openings.
From the arrangement of the dampers it will be seen that the draught may be
directed both above and below any oven, or any two or more ovens, or all of the
ovens as desired, and that the heat may be concentrated upon any one or more
ovens. Should any of the flues 29, 30, or 31 require cleaning this may be done
through tubular boxes 40 after opening doors 41, the accumulations falling to the
bottom of the compartments 7, 24, and removed at the apertures of registers or
ventilators 42, 43, after temporarily taking out these latter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In a baker's oven, the combination with the furnace partitions dividing the
structure into front and rear valve-controlled passages 24, 7, and flue passages 21, 22,
connecting the furnace with the rear passage 7, of a number of superimposed baking
compartments, and a series of flues above and below each of said compartments,
and communicating at their opposite ends with passages 7, 24, and tubular passages
through the front wall of the oven corresponding in number to and located opposite
the adjacent ends of the said flues, and hinged doors closing said tubular passages
for the purpose specified, substantially as described and shewn.
2. The combination in a baker's oven, of a pair of partition walls, forming a pair
of passages communicating with the furnace and the chimney, of a series of
horizontally arranged pipes extending through and supported by said partition
walls, a plate 37 resting on said pipes and fitting between the side and partition
walls, a layer of solidifying material upon said plate, and brick laid in said material,
and a second series of pipes arranged horizontally and above the first series, stirrups
suspended from said pipes, strips supported by said stirrups, bricks resting upon
said strips, and a layer of solidifying material upon said bricks, substantially as
described and shewn.
Dated this 16th day of May 1895
THOMAS R. SHILLITO,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.