matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FABRIC FOR COVERING BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR USES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the '20th
March 1861-A communication from abroad by Jules Cordier, of
Amiens, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FABRIC FOR
COVERING BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR USES," (com-
municated to me from abroad by Jules Cordier, of Amiens, in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting in lieu of the woollen cloth with
which a billiard table is usually covered, a woven fabric, both warp and woof
of which will be of cotton, manufacturing it from about two yards wide to a
much greater breadth, according to the size of the table on which it is to be
fitted, and as the process of manufacture will be similar to that of satin, it will
not be necessary further to describe it. This fabric will be found to resist the
stroke of the billiard cue much better than any cloth hitherto used for covering
billiard tables.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKELETON PETTICOATS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Washington Belding at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1861.-Partly a communication from William Sparks
Thomson, residing at No. 336, Broadway, New York, in the United
States of America.
I, GEORGE WASHINGTON BELDING, of No. 3, Moor Lane, Cripplegate, in the
City of London, Manager of the Business of Messieurs Thomson and Company,
of the same Place, Crinoline Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKELETON PETTICOATS," to be as
follows:-
The part of the said Invention cominunicated to me by William Sparks
Thomson consists in having a hoop of steel or other elastic and suitable mate-
rial so fastened to an ordinary skeleton petticoat that one part of such hoop
shall be at the lower edge of the front of the skeleton petticoat and another
part of such hoop shall be about eighteen inches from such lower edge at the
back thereof, such hoop being fastened in a sloping direction from the back to
the front of the petticoat; and in having two or more ribs or supports of steel
or other suitable material fastened in a vertical position in the lower part of
the front of such petticoat, so that when a person wearing a petticoat so con-
structed lifts up the-back part thereof-the-front part will retain its position.
The part of the Invention invented and discovered by me consists in having
petticoats which are partly skeleton, videlicet, the upper part skeleton and the
ower part covered with cotton or other woven fabric so constructed that such
ower part may be easily attached to and detached from the upper or skeleton

page_text: part, and I effect that result by means of hooks and eyes or other suitable
fastenings on the lower edge or part of the skeleton part, and also on the
upper edge or part of the covered part, so that the two parts may be attached
or detached at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIS- CHARGING WATER FROM STEAM PIPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pickstone at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1861.
I, WILLIAM PICKSTONE, of 82, York Street, Manchester, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIS-
CHARGING WATER FROM STEAM PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for discharging
water from steam pipes. For these purposes a vessel is connected to the
lowest part of an arrangement of steam pipes, so that any water which results
from the condensation of steam may flow into such vessel, in which there is a
float with a stem at top and at bottom, which pass through guides in order to
insure the float rising and falling correctly. On the stem which is below the
float is a valve which, when the float is at its lowest position, rests on and
closes a seat or opening at the bottom of the vessel, where a pipe for con-
ducting off the water is affixed. By this simple and inexpensive arrangement
of apparatus any water which may flow from the steam pipes into the vessel
attached will accumulate in such vessel till there is sufficient to raise the float
and valve connected thereto, when part of the water will flow out of the
vessel, leaving some of the water in the vessel to cover-the-valve-in-conse-
quence of the arrangement being such that the float does not descend to the
bottom of the vessel, but there is a space between the float and the valve,
which is constantly.filled with-water-when-the-apparatus is at work, by which
means steam will be prevented escaping in that direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Spencer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1861.
I, HENRY, SPENCER; of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to throstle or doubling frames, which consists
in placing hooks, screwed or otherwise fixed, in the front of the thread or guide
board, such hooks to be bent in an angular form, so that if the thread or yarn
should expand or throw out it will then come in contact with such hooks,
which will prevent making hard waste, and will also prevent breaking the
adjoining threads or yarns.
Another part of my Invention relates, secondly, to an improvement in the
drag in.throstle. frames, which consists in fixing a slide or slides, so as to rise
and fall with the lifting and lowering rails or plates. To accomplish this, I fix to
such slide or slides a series of moveable bosses or studs, one or more to each
spindle. In these bosses or studs are fixed a series of springs secured with
bolts or screws, such springs to be made of metal, whalebone, cane, reed,
India weed, or of any other elastic material. The drag or friction from the cloth
in the working of the ordinary throstle frame being lighter when the lifting
and lowering rails or plates are falling; by my improvements a motion will be
given by a worm wheel or lever, which will cause such slide or slides to move to-

page_text: and fro, and press the springs against the bottom or sides of the bobbins,
thereby regulating such drag when falling. I also propose to use cloth,
leather, cork, or string, which may be fixed to such slide or slides to obtain
the same purpose.
Another improvement is to give a more equal drag upon the cloth. To
accomplish this I place under the washer cloth (at present used) round washers
of metal or other substance, which washer will form a cone at the outer edge,
and either flat or concave at the top, and on the top of such washer I propose
placing a flat round washer made of cloth or other elastic material.
Another part of my Invention relates, thirdly, to an improvement in the
guide wires of the throstle and doubling frame, and consists in bending and
forming such guide wire, so that the thread or yarn can be placed in front of
the same without having to thread from the back, (which is the case in the
present ordinary throstle and doubling frames), the end of the guide wires to
project out either to the right or left in an inclined position, so that if the
yarn or thread should throw out or expand it will lap around the same and
prévent making hard waste.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR. IMPROVEMENTS IN PENHOLDERS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Sansum, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENHOLDERS."
Sealed the 28th January 1862, and dated the 23rd November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Sansum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1861.
I, STEPHEN SANSUM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS. IN PENHOLDERS," to be as follows:-
Penholders as ordinarily constructed consist of two parts, namely, a short
tubular metallic piece called the tip and a rod or cylinder of wood or other
non-metallic substance called the stick. The said stick is inserted in the said
tip, and the pen is held by the said tip.
My Invention consists in making penholders wholly of metal, each of the
said penholders being made of one piece of sheet metal. The piece of sheet
metal of which the holder is made is of a. length equal to that which it is
intended the holder to be made shall have, and of such a width that when
bent into a tubular form it will make a hollow cylinder or tube of the diameter

page_text: required for a penholder.. The said piece of sheet metal is bent into a tubular
form, so as to make an open jointed tube. One end of the said tube is
suitably formed for the reception of a pen, and the other part of the tube is a
substitute for the stick of ordinary penholders. The penholder may have an
ornamental top on it, and may be otherwise ornamented in any desired
The penholder may either have the figure of a cylindrical tube, or
may be made tapering from the tip end to the top. The penholder may be
in cross section either circular or octagonal or of other figure.
it
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Musgrave, of the Firm of Messieurs Mus-
grave and Sons, of the Globe Iron Works, Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER."
Sealed the 11th March 1862, and dated the 25th September 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Musgrave at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th September 1861.
I, JOSEPH MUSGRAVE, of the Firm of Messieurs John Musgrave and Sons,
of the Globe Iron Works, Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE APPLICATION OF STEAM POWER," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the application of two or more steam
cylinders of small diameters placed in a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal
position, and connected direct to a main driving shaft or to a second motion
shaft, thereby entirely dispensing with the large first motion wheels, fly wheels,
large engine house, and heavy foundations now required.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ARRANGING AND SECURING SPLINTS, TAPERS, OR MATCHES IN FRAMES PREPARATORY TO DIPPING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Alexander Bell, of Epping Villas, Stratford,
in the County of Essex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ARRANGING AND SECURING SPLINTS, TAPERS,
OR MATCHES IN FRAMES PREPARATORY TO DIPPING."
Sealed the 28th November 1861, and dated the 26th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Alexander Bell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th June 1861.
I, SAMUEL ALEXANDER BELL, of Epping Villas, Stratford, in the County of
Essex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ARRANGING AND SECURING SPLINTS,
TAPERS, OR MATCHES IN FRAMES PREPARATORY TO DIPPING," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery or apparatus for arranging and secur-
ing splints, tapers, or matches in frames preparatory to dipping," is applicable
to preparing and arranging wooden splints, and also wax tapers or threads
covered or coated with wax, tallow, or other suitable substance or composition,
and cut up into suitable lengths. In order to dip the ends of splints,
tapers, or matches in the composition by the application of friction to which
the matches are or may be ignited, these splints, tapers, or matches must be

page_text: arranged and secured in frames, in which they are kept separate, so that
when they are dipped the composition may be made to surround the ends.
This operation is now performed by hand, and the object of the present Inven-
tion is to effect it by mechanical means, so as to dispense in a great measure
with hand labor. To this end. the splints or wax tapers, having been cut up
into lengths suitable for matches, are placed in a box, which is capable of
holding a considerable number. Openings are made at one end of the box,
from and through which the splints or matches are pushed endwise into the
grooves or holes made in the dipping frames to receive them. The splints or
matches are pushed out of the box by means of a series of wires or pistons,
the ends of which are inserted at the opposite end of the box, and will abut
against the end of some of the splints, and by pushing forward these wires or
pistons the splints will be forced out of the box into the frames, as already
explained. In combination with this pushing apparatus may be combined a
cutting apparatus, so that the wax matches may be cut off in suitable lengths
from long lengths of taper wound upon reels, and of which there may be any
convenient number adapted to one machine. The lengths of matches when
cut from the long taper may be pushed through guides into the holes or
grooves in the dipping frames, in which they must be secured by clamping
bars or other convenient contrivances for holding them in securely, while being
dipped in the igniting composition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN AND AMMUNITION CARRIAGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Hayes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1861.
I, REUBEN HAYES, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUN
AND AMMUNITION CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in constructing gun carriages so that one or
two men may be able to draw or push them about in connection with rapid
infantry movements, thus effecting a saving of horse labour. This I accomplish
by using three wheels instead of the four now adopted, one wheel being placed
on each side of the carriage, and one in the centre of the front part imme-
diately before the axle. The fore wheel, over the pivot of which the gun
rests, is slightly larger than the side wheels. The framework of the fore
wheel rests upon the axle of the side wheels, in the centre of which is a pivot
by which the carriage is turned right or left in its movements.
The horizontal motion of the piece is effected by means of a handle pro-
jecting from the swivel towards the gunner in rear, the vertical motion being
obtained by a rack and pinion. These carriages are constructed to carry a
supply of ammunition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND STEERING VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles George Braxton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1861.
I, CHARLES GEORGE BRAXTON, of Portsea, in the County of Hants, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND STEERING VESSELS," to be as follows:--
I run a shaft from the engine room under the beams and through the stern
post, also one from the engine room forward through the stern about two feet
under water, and working in contrary directions. On the outer ends of the
shaft I fix a paddle with two blades, in form like the blade of an oar, in such
manner that it may be taken on and off very easily by the crew, as I do not
intend the one at the stem shall be used except in light winds and in a calm,
or when the stern one is used for other purposes, in such cases I intend it to
steer the ship alone, the engineer to work it and steer the ship in the engine
room receiving orders from the officer of the watch by means of a tube from
the deck. In case the ship is short of coals and in a calm, I unship the stern
paddle and put on a screw to propel the ship and steer by the bow paddle
alone, and for the purpose of driving this screw I attach several winches to
the upright under each beam, driving the shaft both above and below, so that
any number of men may heave by several handles to take off and on at any
part of the ship; this I intend principally for sailing ships and transports.
Boats also may be propelled by the same means, the handle-working between
each thwart.
AN IMPROVED INVERNESS CAPE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1861.
I, JOHN HARDING, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Clothier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED INVERNESS CAPE," to be as follows:-
Instead of allowing the wings of the cape to be open down the front, as is
now the case, I stitch them fast to the body, so that they cannot fly open and
annoy the wearer, yet allow the free use of the arms, and by this means the
cape is more readily adjusted to the figure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE INJURIOUS EFFECTS OCCASIONED BY SMOKE, SULPHUR, AND THE DELETERIOUS GASES WHICH ESCAPE FROM STACKS, CHIMNEYS, CALCINING HOUSES, CHEMICAL AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bickford Smith and
William Bennetts at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with
their Petition on the 1st November 1861.
We, WILLIAM BICKFORD SMITH, of Camborne, in the County of Cornwall,
Merchant, and WILLIAM BENNETTS, of Tucking Mill, in the County of
Cornwall, Workman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE
INJURIOUS EFFECTS OCCASIONED BY SMOKE, SULPHUR, AND THE DELETERIOUS GASES
WHICH ESCAPE FROM STACKS, CHIMNEYS, CALCINING HOUSES, CHEMICAL AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in mechanism which prevents
the liberation and diffusion of smoke and noxious gases by confining and
preserving them so that they may be turned to valuable purposes.
In order to effect this object the flue which is conducted from the back of
the fire must be carried on to a small case in which is a blast fan, from whence
the flue is continued to a chamber, or, if need be to a succession of chambers.
When the blast fan is made to revolve rapidly it causes a draft in the flue
which can be regulated as desired, and which carries onward the smoke and
the gases evolved during combustion and the air which passes into the fire
and discharges them into a chamber or succession of chambers, where they are
heated according to their nature, no air being allowed to escape but that
which is harmless, and this is passed through a finely perforated metallic plate
or through a sheet of canvass or such like material which is affixed to the
outlet from the chamber into which they are discharged.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1861.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Limefield, in the County of Edinburgh, North Britain,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of refractory materials or substances
in lieu of metal in the construction of apparatus intended for the purpose of
raising steam to a high temperature. It has been found that some of the
apparatus which has been used in connexion with superheated steam is not
calculated to stand the action of the steam inside such apparatus, and the action
of heated atmospheric air on the exterior thereof. My present Invention,
therefore, consists in the application and use to and in the manufacture or
construction of any form of apparatus for the superheating of steam, of fire-
clay or other similar refractory material capable of sustaining the heat of the
steam, whilst at the same time it is not prejudicially affected by contact with
the heated air or steam.
IMPROVEMENTS: IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUE OR SIZE
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dale, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS:
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUE OR SIZE."
Sealed the 13th June 1862, and dated the 17th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1861.
I, JOHN DALE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP GLUE OR SIZE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a method of treating tanners' cuttings, parings, or
scraping, whereby the said materials are more speedily brought to a fit con-
dition for the separation of gelatinous substance, and refers especially to the.
lowest kind of tanners' refuse commonly called fleshings. To this end I add
to the said materials an acid (the muriatic by preference), and then wash them,
after which I neutralize any remaining acid if necessary, and boil to separate
the fatty matters and obtain glue or size in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1861. A communication from abroad by Messrs. Louis Gaucher, Doctor
of Medicine, and Auguste Sommé, Apothecary, both of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new pulp for card-board
with tanners' waste, such as spent tan and varec (sea weed) which are
submitted to various preparatory processes. The waste tan as taken from
the tanneries, is submitted to a washing operation in water, and then to the
action of pestles, after which it is subjected to the action of lyes with the
addition of a jet of steam, after this it is again washed in water, and subse-
quently reduced to fibre and bleached with chloride of lime; lastly, it is
submitted to a third washing in water to remove the traces of the chloride
of lime. The varec (or sea weed) after undergoing these several operations
is macerated in water for twelve hours, the reduction of the fibre is then
effected, and it is now submitted to the action of the soda lye, and a further
final reduction of the fibre is effected, the bleaching by chloride of lime
then takes place, and lastly a washing in water. Varec or sea weed thus

page_text: treated furnishes a beautiful white pulp which is mixed in various proportions
with the waste tan to form the new pulp for paper, cardboard, and other
forms of paper stuff. To obtain a paper of greater strength and consistency,
I add to the mixture a small quantity of ordinary paper pulp.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CON- STRUCTION AND FORM OF ANCHORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Murray Gladstone at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1861.
I, THOMAS MURRAY GLADSTONE, Consulting Engineer, of Parliament
Street, in the City of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CON-
STRUCTION AND FORM OF ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
I make my anchor with a joint or pivot in the well known manner as
Porter's, so far as the arms are concerned like to them, but having a palm
that shall have a convex surface on the inner side, and the back of which
shall be parallel to the back of the blade or thereabouts, declining from down
the centre to the sides, the centre being in line with the curve of inside front
of arm or thereabouts, the front of the palm that rests upon the shank on
the upper side when in use either rests in a groove fitted to it on the shank,
or is protected from leaving its impact on the shank by raised parts on either
side of the shank, whereby a great support is given to the joint at the crown
and other parts of the anchor on any strain upon it in the veering of the ship.
I also make what I term a compound stock to consist of top and bottom
plates of proportionate length, breadth, and strength, to be bolted together
so as to clasp the square of the anchor, and having between them and secured
at right angles cross plates or clamps that shall grasp the nut or nuts of the

page_text: anchor and between the plates in each arm of stock is fixed wood or other
suitable material to keep the plates asunder.
First, I claim as my Invention tlio grooves on tho upper and lower side
of the shank, and tho raised parts in lieu thereof when used.
Second, the compound stock with the modifications thereof.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR POLARISING LIGHT, APPLICABLE TO MICROSCOPES AND OTHER OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1861.
I, THOMAS WALKER, junior, of Otley, in the County of York, Commission
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR POLARISING LIGHT, APPLICABLE TO MICROSCOPES AND
OTHER OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
It has heretofore been customary in manufacturing apparatus for polarising
light to employ the material known as Iceland spar or tourmaline; now my
Invention consists in the application of glass placed at certain angles in a
suitable frame for polarising light.
In applying my Invention to a microscope, I make use of several thicknesses
of micro glass, placed at an angle of fifty-six degrees, but I do not limit
myself to the number of pieces, nor the thickness of glass employed, nor to the
angle at which they are set, as the same may be varied according to circum-
stances, and to the particular object for which the polarising apparatus is
required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1861.
I, ROBERT EDGE, of Dean Mills, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The-first-part-of-my-Invention-consists-in an improved mode of driving_the
spindles of machinery employed in preparing, spinning, and doubling without
the aid of bands or belts.
In performing this part of my Invention I employ a shaft extending the
length of the row of spindles to be driven; on this shaft are placed worm
wheels, which gear into worms which are fastened to or made on the spindles.
The longitudinal shaft above mentioned is driven in any convenient manner..
To effect the stopping of any individual spindle for the purpose of piecing up,.
I allow the worm wheels to run loose on the shaft, and insert a spiral spring
between the face of the wheels and a collar which is made fast to the
shaft.
The object of the second part of my Invention is to diminish the waste
usually made in spinning and doubling cotton and other fibrous materials. In
performing this part of my Invention I make use of a balance lever with two
arms, the fulcrum being attached to the roller beam or other convenient part
of the machine; one arm of the balance lever passes directly under the

page_text: bottom roller, having at its extremity a glass or other hook or guide, under
which the yarn or thread passes; the other end of the balance lever stands in
an upright position, and reaches to about the nip of the top and bottom
rollers; to this end is attached a piece of cloth or other pliable substance;
the balance lever is so adjusted by means of a small moveable weight that
when the yarn or thread breaks the front part of the balance lever drops,
thus allowing the upright portion to move forward, by which means the piece
of cloth or other pliable substance, becomes inserted between the two rollers;
when this is effected the top roller ceases to rotate, and the end of the yarn or
thread is held firmly between the cloth or other pliable substance and the top
roller, both of which are motionless, thus stopping the supply, and preventing
waste and the breaking of the adjacent yarns or threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Douglas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1861.
I, JOSEPH DOUGLAS, of 255, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Range Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved arrangements of the flues, boiler,
and other parts of cooking stoves or ranges.
Heretofore in the arrangement of the flues of that class of cooking stoves or
ranges which are constructed so as to combine an oven, boiler, and hot plate,
heated by a comparatively small fire-place, the flues have for the most part
been of irregular form or area as compared with the surfaces of the oven,
boiler, and hot plate, about which such flues circulate and conduct the heat
thereto, or such flues have had projections therein to conduct the heat in
particular directions, whereby the heat has not been advantageously applied to
the several parts of the range, and flues so arranged are liable to be choked up
with soot, which it is difficult to remove by reason of the form and arrange-
ment of such flues. Now, I have found that by forming the flues of the same
surface area as the parts of the oven and boiler to which they conduct the
heat, and shallow compared with their width, that the heat is far more
advantageously applied than heretofore, they (the flues) are readily cleaned
and are not liable to choke up or impede the draught, and I form the boiler so

page_text: that it extends from the front to the back of the stove or range, and I prefer
to arrange the flues so that the heat is conducted from the fire-place over the
entire surfaces of the top, one side, and bottom of the oven, thence underneath
the fire-place, and under the entire surfaces of the bottom and one side of the
boiler, and away through a continuation of the flue at the side or back of the
range to the chimney. In supplying the interior of the oven with heated air
it frequently gets burnt in its passage thereto; to obviate this objection I place
the tube which conducts the air to the oven at such a point in the flue that
the air in its passage through it to the oven cannot be overheated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pickering, Henry Pickering,
and Nathan Pickering at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th July 1861.
We, JAMES PICKERING, of Clitheroe, HENRY PICKERING, of Burnley, and
NATHAN PICKERING, of Wingates, Westhoughton, all in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of mules generally called Sharp and
Roberts's, and consists of certain improvements for regulating the speed of the
spindles so as to maintain the threads in a proper tension when winding on.
The chain or band which operates upon the bevil wheels connected with the
screw of the quadrant is put in motion by causing a lever to come in contact
with clicks or catches on the pulley connected with the aforesaid chain or
band. The pulley turns loose upon its shaft, and when not in contact with
the clicks no action or effect takes place, but when the lever is in contact
with the clicks the chain or band is moved and acts upon the bevil wheels
and screw. The lever is put in motion by a chain, one end of which is con-
nected to the under faller bracket, and the other linked to a small shaft on
the other faller bracket. To the shaft is fixed a ratchet wheel, which is moved.
one or more teeth by a catch when the faller descends to a certain point,.
which movement of the ratchet wheel turns the small shaft, and tightens the
chain to the exact length required, and prevents any necessity for the operative
to adjust the nut on the screw of the quadrant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECULA, AND IN PLUGS USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Francis Hubert
Foveaux at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th February 1861.
I, HENRY JOSEPH FRANCIS HUBERT FOVEAUX, of the Strand, in the City of
Westminster, Surgical Instrument Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPECULA, AND IN PLUGS USED IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in a new means of dilating the speculum, and
this I effect by uniting the movable to the fixed blade by a joint placed some
distance above the base of the blades, and in acting directly upon the lower
end of the movable blade by a screw, in such manner as to cause the upper
part of the movable blade to be separated from the fixed blade, whereby the
speculum will be dilated.
Second, in the employment of an india-rubber or other suitable elastic tube
or cover for the outside of the speculum, for the purpose of preventing the
parts falling into the space formed by the separation of the blades.
And, third, in forming plugs used with specula in such manner that they
may be readily withdrawn through the speculum after being inserted. I
surround the whole or part of the upper portion of the plug with an air
chamber, which is so arranged as to cover the top edges of the speculum. By
letting out the air through a tube extending to the base or beyond the instru-
ment the plug can be withdrawn. Plugs so constructed may be used with
dilatable or non-dilatable specula.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RIDING STIRRUPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Nelson Eagle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1861.
I, ROBERT NELSON EAGLE, Captain in the Cavalry of the United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RIDING STIRRUPS," to be as follows:-
The stirrup is suspended so as to incline the tread or bottom of the same
inwards and upwards towards the body of the horse when pressed upon by the
foot of the rider. For this purpose, the point of suspension of the stirrup
is made inside a line perpendicular to the centre of the tread thereof; and this
point of suspension is adjustable as required by means of an adjusting screw
or other mode of fixing the loop for the strap on the pin or axis for connecting
the lower part of the loop with the upper part of the stirrup.
The stirrup is also suspended from an eye forming such an angle with the
body of the stirrup as will obviate the tendency to twist the strap, and give
a ready entrance to the foot when the toe is directed towards the shoulder of
the horse. The stirrup is also suspended from a horizontal axis in a line
parallel with a line which would cross the foot diagonally from the little toe to
the instep.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND COCKS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Brooke Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1861.
I, BROOKE SMITH, of the firm of Martineau and Smith, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND COCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the arrangements of parts herein-after explained
of such taps and cocks as act by the raising and lowering of a valve by means
of a screw, by which arrangements the stuffing box through which the spindle
of the screw is ordinarily made to pass, is dispensed with and leakage around
the said spindle prevented. I will describe my Invention with reference to
a tap or cock in which the screw works in the body of the tap, the spindie
of the screw passing through the cover of the tap. The lower end of the
said spindle is made conical, the smallest diameter of the conical part being
uppermost, and on the under side of the cover of the tap is a conical collar,
the smallest diameter of the said collar being downwards. The cylindrical
part of the spindle works freely in the said collar. A strong tube or hollow
cylinder of vulcanized india-rubber having an inner diameter somewhat larger
than the diameter of the cylindrical part of the spindle is placed upon the
said spindle before it is passed through the cover of the tap, and when the
spindle is fixed in its place in the tap by the screwing down of the cover, the
lower end of the tube of vulcanized india-rubber fits on about the middle of

page_text: the cone on the spindle, and the upper end of the said tube of vulcanized
india-rubber fits on about the middle of the conical collar on tho under side
of the cover. When by turning the spindle the valve is raised the spindle
rises in the collar and the tube of vulcanized india-rubber is forced further
on the two cones by the approach of the said cones towards each other. Tho
advance of the cones into the ends of the tube of vulcanized india-rubber
causes the said ends to fit more tightly on the said cones. Leakage can
only occur by the liquid escaping between the ends of the vulcanized india-
rubber tube and the cones on which they fit, and the act of opening tightens
the said ends upon the said cones. Instead of making the parts on which
the ends of the vulcanized india-rubber tube fit of a conical figure they may
be made cylindrical and of a little greater diameter than the spindle. In
place of a tube or hollow cylinder of vulcanized india-rubber a series of rings
may be employed. But I prefer to use a tube as first described.
Although I have only described my Invention as applied to a tap in which
the screw works in the body of the tap, yet my Invention is equally applicable
to taps in which the screw works in the covor of the tap, and to all taps and
cocks in which the valve is raised and lowered by a screw whether the action
be vertical or horizontal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS AND WINCHES FOR HOISTING, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE STEERING OF SHIPS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Telfer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1861.
I, JOHN TELFER, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS AND WINCHES FOR HOISTING,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE STEERING OF SHIPS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of certain machinery or apparatus
for raising or hoisting heavy goods to any required height without the necessity
of moving the hoisting apparatus from one spot to another, and is effected as
follows: I propose employing a barrel or cylinder, and placing it in a
horizontal position instead of vertically as heretofore, and attaching it to a
revolving pillar, so as to swing it round to any required angle. I also propose
placing a toothed wheel having teeth inside it at that end of the barrel or
cylinder nearest to the pillar, into which wheel gears a smaller spur wheel for
quick motion; but where much power is required, a toothed pinion may be
placed near the spur wheel, and made to work in or out of gear as more or
less power is required, both wheels being actuated by a loose winch handle.
When required to alter the position of the barrel or cylinder, it can be swung
round with the pillar on a turn-table, said table being provided with slots or
nicks cut at intervals, into which falls a hinged lug to keep it in the position
required.

page_text: This description of apparatus is alike applicable to the steering of ships, in
which case the pillar and cylinder are to be detached from the table and
secured to the ship's deck, the tiller ropes or chains being made fast on to the
barrel or cylinder.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS AND ALLOYS OF METALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bagley and William
Mincher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th January 1861.
We, WILLIAM BAGLEY and WILLIAM MINCHER, both of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Electro-metallurgists, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS AND
ALLOYS OF METALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists of improvements in coating metals and alloys of
metals with lead, either pure or alloyed with copper. The sheet or othe
article, if of iron or steel, is first scaled by the common process, and afterwards
pickled in a bath of diluted muriatic acid. It is then removed to a second
bath containing muriatic acid, lead, either white or metallic, and arsenic thus
prepared. In one pot we place the lead and muriatic acid until the acid has
taken up as much as it will of the lead. In another pot we make a similarly
saturated solution of arsenic in muriatic acid, by preference selecting the white
oxide of arsenic for this purpose. We then mix together these two solutions,
and into the compound bath thus formed the sheet of iron is immersed until
it has taken up a coating of the lead and arsenic, which is intended to act as
a flux in the next operation; this is the removal of the iron to a bath of molten
lead, or of lead alloyed with a small proportion of copper, into which it is
plunged and allowed to remain a few seconds, or longer if necessary, until a
good and sufficient coating is formed upon the iron, after which it is removed

page_text: from the bath and cooled, and finished if requisite by rolling. The combina-
tion of the copper with the lead is effected by mixing the two metals together,
each in a molten state.
In coating sheets of copper, zinc, or any of their alloys, the process will be
precisely the same with the exception of the scaling-in substitution, for which
we should employ the usual cleansing by means of a bath of aquafortis.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Woollatt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1861.
I, JOSEPH WOOLLATT, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Power Loom
Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved modes of working several shuttles;
instead of the shuttles being placed in a drop box, as at present adopted, I
place them in a box at each end of the loom apart from the slay or lathe,
which boxes work in guides attached to the framework, and moved as required
by racks and pinions, the said pinions being turned, as required, according to
the pattern by a jacquard motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEY TOPS, OR APPLIANCES FOR SURMOUNTING CHIMNEYS, IN ORDER TO REGULATE THE UP CURRENTS AND OBVIATE THE DOWN DRAUGHTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Durrant and Noel Alleyne
Harris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th January 1861.
I, JAMES DURRANT, of Fitzroy Square, in the County Middlesex, Zinc
Worker, and I, NOEL ALLEYNE HARRIS, of Bayswater, in the said County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEY TOPS, OR APPLIANCES
FOR SURMOUNTING CHIMNEYS, IN ORDER TO REGULATE THE UP CURRENTS AND OBVIATE
THE DOWN DRAUGHTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of our Invention is, by means of an apparatus fixed on the chimney
top, to increase the draught of the smoke and heated gas up the chimney, and
at the same time prevent the down draughts of cold air.
Our apparatus consists of a cylinder of metal (preferably zinc) or earthen-
ware, or other suitable material; on the top of this we fix a series of corrugated
cells, open at the bottom, so as to receive the external air which passes out at
the top into the interior of the cone. The course of these cells may be either
slightly inclined or vertical. The band forming these cells is affixed to and opens
into a conical cap, which also encircles the top of the cylinder; round the outer
periphery or surface is another series of conically corrugated cells, the bottoms
of which are open so as to receive the outer air and pass it into the interior of
another conical cap placed directly over it and concentrically with the cylinder ;
thus by means of currents of air entering from the lower mouths of these cells

page_text: and meeting the inclined surfaces of the conical caps, they are reflected into
the central part of the chimney top, and mixing with the hot air increase the
draught and carry off the heated products of combustion, while any external
air entering at the top is carried out at the lower mouths of the cells, and
prevented passing down the chimney.
A MODE OF PREPARING OR MAKING ENAMEL APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Victor Vignon, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1861.
I, JOSEPH VICTOR VIGNON, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, at
present residing at No. 34, Dean Street, Soho Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MODE OF PREPARING OR MAKING ENAMEL APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists of a composition or combination of materials,
forming an enamel which may be mixed with any appropriate colour, and
applied in a cold state to the surface of an article of manufacture or sub-
stance.
I form this enamel by mixing together or combining white of eggs or
other albumen, muriatic or hydrochloric acid, wax, lime, spirit, plaster of
Paris, and burnt shells, and I combine this enamel with any color, which
I intend to use in a powdered state. I then apply the enamel by a brush
or any other convenient means to the surface of any object to be enamelled,
and by using enamels of various colours pictures or figures may be produced
upon the surfaces of articles intended to be ornamented.
In this way I have applied my enamel to the surfaces of articles made of
metal, porcelain, glass, papier machè, and various other materials.