IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Loughboro' Park,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."-A com-
munication.
Sealed the 14th July 1857, and dated the 6th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson.
Bousfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th May 1857.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughboro' Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for pulverizing
clay and other substances. For these purposes the clay or other substance to.
be pulverized is placed in a hopper, and from thence it passes into a grated.
cylinder, and in order further to crush the clay or other substance after it has
passed through the grated cylinder, it is passed through a pair of grooved
rollers, one of which is fixed on the main shaft of the machine, the main shaft
receiving motion from a steam engine or other power in any suitable manner.
From the main shaft motion is communicated by a belt to a pulley on a beater
shaft, which is made to revolve rapidly. The beaters are arranged in a spiral
on the beater shaft, and are so arranged that the pitch of the spiral may be

page_text: altered as required. The beaters work within the grated cylinder, which is
caused to revolve in the opposite direction to that in which the beaters move,
and by reason of the beaters being arranged spirally, the clay or other sub-
stance, in addition to receiving violent shocks, is moved gradually from the
receiving to the expelling end of the grated cylinder. The beaters and the
grated cylinder pulverize the clay or other substance, and separate the stones
therefrom. The clay or substance as it becomes pulverized falls or is driven
out through the gratings of the grated cylinder or separator, and is stopped
and made to fall by the outer casing, with which the machine is covered. The
stones and other matters which do not pass through the gratings are moved
along by the beaters, and are discharged by the delivery shoot at the end.
The clay or other substance which falls through the gratings is carried by
aprons to the grooved rollers, which may be below the machine, and by
passing between the rollers the clay or other substance is still further crushed
or pulverized.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughboro' Park, Brixton in the County of Surrey,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
communication, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for pulverizing
clay and other substances. For these purposes the clay or other substance to
be pulverized is placed in a hopper, and from thence it passes into a grated
cylinder, and in order further to crush the clay or other substance after it has
passed through the grated cylinder, it is passed through a pair of grooved
rollers, one of which is fixed on the main shaft of the machine, the main shaft
receiving motion from a steam engine or other power in any suitable manner.
From the main shaft motion is communicated by a belt to a pulley on a beater
shaft, which is made to revolve rapidly. The beaters are arranged in a spiral
on the beater shaft, and are so arranged that the pitch of the spiral may be
altered as required. The beaters work within the grated cylinder, which is
caused to revolve in the opposite direction to that in which the beaters move,
and by reason of the beaters being arranged spirally, the clay or other sub-
stance, in addition to receiving violent shocks, is moved gradually from the
receiving to the expelling end of the grated cylinder. The beaters and the
grated cylinder pulverize the clay or other substance and separate the stones
therefrom. The clay or substance as it becomes pulverized falls or is driven
out through the gratings of the grated cylinder or separator, and is stopped
and made to fall by the outer casing, with which the machine is covered. The
stones and other matters which do not pass through the gratings are moved
along by the beaters, and are discharged by the delivery shoot at the end.
The clay or other substance which falls through the gratings is carried by
aprons to the grooved rollers, which may be below the machine, and by
passing between the rollers the clay or other substance is still further crushed
or pulverized.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 ien plan of the immunmed machine T:

page_text: is a vertical transverse section; Figure 4 is a view of a single detached
beater; Figure 5 is another elevation and view of the beaters arranged
spirally. The same letters represent corresponding parts in all the figures.
The nature of the Invention consists in the construction of machines for
pulverizing clay, in which a series of beaters M, M, arranged spirally upon
a horizontal shaft C, C, revolve upon the shaft in the interior of a grated
cylinder or screen O, O, which is supported on its exterior periphery, and
revolves in a direction opposite to the revolution of the beaters. A, A, are the
two end frames, securely bolted or affixed to a solid foundation, and supporting
the boxes B, B, of the beater shaft C, C, and the boxes D, D, of the main
shaft E, E. Upon the main shaft is one of a pair of grooved rollers F, F,
grooved in V-shaped grooves running around the rollers, the other grooved
roller being supported by boxes, which receive the ends of the shaft upon
which it revolves. G, G, are the side frames of the machine, securely bolted
or fastened to the end frames. To the side frames are affixed the aprons I, I,
which conduct the clay which falls from the screen to the grooved rollers.
The power is applied by a belt and drum to the main shaft E. J, J, is a
pulley affixed to one end of the main shaft, and is connected by a belt K, K,
with the pulley L, L, which is affixed to and turns the beater shaft C, C.
M, M, M, are moveable beaters, consisting of a ring and a projection or arm
arranged in a spiral upon the shaft C, C; N, N, N, are set screws, which
hold the moveable beaters in their places upon the shaft C; 0, 0, is the
grated cylinder, screen, or separator, made in rings bolted together or in one
casting; P, P, are the ribs or gratings surrounding the cylinder or separator;
Q, Q, are the driving wheels of the separator, firmly affixed one at each end
of the separator. It is seen that these driving wheels are grooved with a
V-shaped groove in their peripheries, and that they rest upon corresponding
driving wheels R, R, affixed to the main shaft E, E, from which they receive
their motion, the wheels R, R, having V-shaped projecting rims corresponding
with the grooves of the wheels Q, Q. S, S, is a hopper to receive the clay
or material to be pulverized before it enters the machine; T, T, are V-shaped
scrapers affixed to the side frames, the teeth of which enter into and keep
the grooves of the rollers F, F, clear, and prevent the clay from packing;
U, U, are bow frames, extending over the top of the machine, and connected
firmly with the side frames G, G; W, W, are longitudinal braces connecting
the bow frames, and upon their ends X, X, passing through the bow frames,
and serving as axles, are affixed and revolve the guide and friction rollers Y, Y,
which being provided with V-shaped rims guide and support the driving wheels
Q, Q, of the separator and keep them in their places; Z, Z, is a delivery

page_text: shoot, affixed to the end frame A close to the end of the separator, from
which it receives the stones and other materials which have not fallen through
the gratings and have been expelled from the separator; H, H, is an outer
casing or cover of the machine.
Having thus described the several parts of the machine, I proceed to
describe its action when in motion.
The hopper S is supplied with the clay which it is desired to pulverize and
screen. Motion being given to the main shaft E, E, it is communicated by
means of the pulley J, J, the belt K, K, and the pulley L, L, to the beater
shaft C, C, which now commences to revolve rapidly, carrying the beaters
M, M, M. The clay having entered the grated cylinder O, O, is violently
struck and beaten by the beaters, and being arranged spirally on the shaft,
they gradually move the beaten mass of clay from the receiving to the
expelling end of the cylinder. At the same time the driving wheels R, R,
affixed to the main shaft, communicate motion to the driving wheels Q, Q,
of the separator by means of the friction of the -shaped grooves and pro-
jections of their respective rims, and thus the cylinder receives motion of
revolution in a direction contrary to the revolution of the beaters. The
beaters and separator thus revolving pulverize the clay and separate the stones,
and the clay as it is sufficiently pulverized falls through the gratings of the
separator or is driven through, and is stopped and made to fall by the outer
casing, with which the machine is covered. The stones and other matters
which do not pass through the gratings of the separator are moved along by
the spiral arrangement of the beaters, and are finally expelled at the delivery
shoot Z, Z. The clay which falls through the grating is guided by the aprons
I, I, between the grooved rollers F, F, which may be placed under the machine
to grind and pulverize the clay still more finely. One of the rollers F, F,
receives motion from the main shaft E, E, to which it is affixed, the other
roller revolves freely upon its axis. The pulverized clay which has thus
fallen through the gratings of the separator (or when the grooved rollers are
used from between the grooved rollers) is ready for use in the manufacture
of bricks or tiles, or for other purposes for which pulverized clay is used.
One of the great advantages of this pulverizer is that the cylinder and beater
shaft are horizontal, for as the spiral arrangement of the beaters moves the
materials along and expels the stones, it is not necessary, as in other machines,
to place one end of the cylinder lower than the other, which causes a great
deal of friction and wear of the journals and boxes which support the cylinder.
Another great advantage of this pulverizer is found in supporting and driving
the cylinder by means of driving wheels placed on the outside, by which

page_text: arrangement all braces and obstructions are removed from the interior of the
cylinder. It is to be observed that by varying the pitch of the spiral (of the
beaters) the length of time which the pulverized material is kept in the
cylinder and under the action of the beaters may be graduated according to
the necessity of the case, or the will of the operator; and the striking surfaces
of the beaters may be made broader or narrower, according to the nature of
the clay or material to be pulverized, and the striking surfaces may be made
parallel with the axis of the spiral or inclined obliquely thereto at any angle.
This machine is applicable to pulverizing many things besides clay, for instance,
coal and others.
Having thus described, the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
any of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details;
but what I claim is, combined machinery, herein described, for pulverizing
clay and other substances..
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
W. S. HARRISON, New Court,
St. Swithen's Lane, London.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)