IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGING MACHINES
Year: 1884

page_text: We RUDOLF BUSEK, of 2, Malzgasse 18 Vienna Engineer and WILLIAM FISCHER
of 9 Universitats strasse 6 and 8 Vienna, Printer do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGING MACHINES to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to construct machines for forging rivets, bolts, nuts,
railway spikes, nails and analogous articles; which operation has usually been
effected hitherto by means of several distinct and independent machines.
Our invention consists of a massive iron frame upon which the whole of the
machinery is mounted.
The main driving axle is actuated by steam or other suitable motive power, and
has a fly wheel and spur or toothed wheel fitted thereto. The spur wheel gears
into and actuates two larger toothed wheels of equal diameters, one of which works
an eccentric and connecting rod in a horizontal direction, and the other works an
eccentric or crank pin in a sliding block, in a vertical direction. The latter wheel.
imparts a reciprocating motion to a sliding block to which a die is fitted for
operating upon a portion of the work, and the former wheel effects several necessary
movements for other portions of the work. These wheels are fitted at right angles,
to a central disc one above the disc, in a vertical line, and the other at the side, in
a horizontal line. The disc receives an intermittent rotary motion, and is fitted,
round its circumference with any requisite number such as 8 or 16 (by preference)
sockets, or other provisions, for holdings dies or matrixes, whereby the work is
successively presented to the several tools to be operated upon.
The rods, bars, or blocks of hot metal are brought from the furnace and placed
in position in the machine, into which they enter, and are formed and shaped
as required the necessary levers shears, milling and other tools being actuated
and brought to bear upon the work in succession until the finished articles are
produced.
Our said invention is so arranged that the iron bar from the furnace is seized by
the tongs or jaws, then cleansed from scale by steel brushes, then cut into lengths,
and completed as before mentioned.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: We, RUDOLF BUSEK, of 2 Malzgasse 18, Vienna, Engineer, and WILLIAM FISCHER,
of 9 Universitats Strasse 6 and 8, Vienna, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGING MACHINES," and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The object of our.invention is to effect the forging of rivets, bolts, nuts, railway
spikes, nails, and analogous articles by means of one machine, which forms the
subject matter of our present invention; and the forging of which articles has.
usually been effected by means of several distinct and independent machines.
And in order that our said invention may be clearly understood, reference is
hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of our invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view. Fig. 3 is a plan, and Figs 4, 5, 6 7 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14 and 15 are detail drawings.
a is the driving shaft, to which the fast and loose pullies a¹ and a³ are fitted.
The pinion is keyed on the shaft a and drives the two toothed wheels, c and d,
which wheels c and d are of equal diameters and number of teeth. The wheel c is
keyed to the axle e, which by means of the eccentric e¹ actuates the slide f
and produces an upward and downward motion of f. By means of the bevel
wheels kkk and ' and axle 2 the axle is caused to rotate. At the outer end
of this axle (1) a disc is fitted, which carries a shifting crank pin m, the throw of
which can be increased or diminished by the screw working in the nut 12 (Fig. 1).
m is a rod which is connected with the lever m² and with the forked arm m¹ on the
axle m³. The lever m² drives the gripping jaws or tongs n and n¹ to and fro by the
slides of and o² working in the guide o. These jaws n and n' when closed, grasp
the square or round bar iron p. as it issues from the heating furnace A. situate at
the side of the machine, and conducts it into position to enter the matrixes w
to w fitted round the axle u, as shewn in the drawings. The jaws n n¹ are operated
by the springs q q¹ and q².
The round or square bar iron is introduced between the rolls p' p² p³ and p¹ and
is drawn between the steel brushes 25 and 26, which are caused to rotate by small
driving chains p as shewn in Fig. 3. As the iron is driven forward it is cut into
suitable lengths by the shears 72 as shewn in Fig. 5, the lower shear blade r¹
being driven by the cam r rotating upon the axle 1. The shear blade is fixed to
the upright During the return of the jaws n and n¹ towards the heating
furnace it is necessary that they should be opened. This is effected by the double
cams which receives its motion from the lever s¹ connected therewith; the lever s³
is driven by the horizontal rod 82, which receives its motion from the forked
lever 83, and which finally receives its motion by the face cain 84 placed on the
axle. The travel of the jaws n n' (Figs 1, 2 and 3) is made to correspond with
the length of the bolt & to be forged and is governed and regulated by the
distance of the crank pin m from the centre of the axle 1. The next operation on
the forging takes place in a vertical position when the pressure of the headstock
shewn in Figs 1, 2 and 6 is brought down thereupon first by the two pins z¹
placed and duly arranged in each set of matrix dies w² to w³; these pins are,
immediately after. the pressure of the head has been imparted, pressed forward by
the springs 23.attached to the slide guide 22 before the bolt, so that the pressing
head can rise freely.
The movement of the slide guide 22 is effected by the curved face of the
segmental cam (Fig. 3) attached to the gear c¹, the return motion is effected by
the spring 2 (Fig. 6).

page_text: After this operation of forming the head the forging is carried round to the
apparatus h Figs 1, 3, 7 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 for removing the burrs,
which is guided in a guide block with the steel collar h¹.
This apparatus is carried by the forked connecting rod g' driven by the
eccentric g¹ keyed on the axle g, against the bolt, and is provided with a flange,
which is pressed out of the matrix die by the eccentric u placed in the matrix
disc i, and which obtains its support on the two fold abutment or split collar g³.
To prevent the sticking of the head freed from the burr in the collar, on the
return movement of the same, a steel rod i¹, guided in the collar is used, which
renders the advancing of the head in the collar h¹ impossible.-The steel jaws g³,
used as abutments, surround the shaft of the bolt, furnished with the flange by
means of two levers g* connected therewith; these are opened when the tappet g
on the axle g presses down one arm of the lever 96, by which means the slide-
block g moving in conical guides attached to the two levers g' is pressed upwards;
by which both levers are opened. The closure of the steel jaws g³ is effected by
the spring g drawing down the slide-block g, and by the two springs g³ which
press the levers towards each other.
Figs 8 to 15 are enlarged drawings of the burr removing apparatus.
Fig. 8 is a section and Fig. 9 a plan, shewing the newly made bolt j, with the
burr surrounding the head..
Fig. 10 is a section and Fig. 11 a plan, shewing the position of the steel collar h¹,
after removing the burr from the head j.
Fig. 12 is a section and Fig. 13 a plan shewing the position of the collar h¹
receding from g³, the head of the bolt j being stopped by the rod i¹.
Fig. 14 is a section and Fig. 15 a plan shewing the twin jaws on g³ ³ opened to
allow the bolt j to be expelled by the rod .
To render certain the removal of the remaining bolts rivets &c from the matrix
disc, i, a two armed forked lever u is used. This seizes the bolt which is already
partially pressed out of the matrix disc i by the eccentric u¹ under the head and
entirely draws or forces it out. The lever u is moved by a tumbler u keyed on
the axle m³.
The necessary concentric pressure of the head is effected by the head z¹ vertically
above the successive matrixes w¹ to w³ and sliding in the slide f.
The matrix disc i has 4, 8, or 16 matrix nests w' to w³ fixed by adjusting screws,
which are furnished with radial bores corresponding to width of the shaft and to
the section of the material to be pressed. In the interior of the matrix disc i,
Figs 1, 2, 3, an eccentric u¹ keyed loosely on the axle u, and abutting at one end, is
there fastened and kept in a position of rest relatively to the position of the rod u².
In the matrix disc rods u³ corresponding in length and section to the material to
be used, are placed, which are kept in contact with the eccentric u by springs,
and which partly serve as abutments in pressing the head and partly act in
removing the finished product. This is effected in such a way that the steel pins u³
during a revolution of the matrix disc i, are pushed out by the fixed eccentric u¹
on which they slide.
As the introduction of the working material, and the pressure of the head, and
the cleaning away of the burr can be effected only during the stoppage of the
matrix disc, the latter has an intermittent rotary movement, which is effected by
the camt fitted to and rotating with the axle g. This cam works in and actuates
the rectangular frame t' (Figs 2, 3, and 4) which is attached to a connecting rod t².
The rod t is also in connection with the lever 3 which is fitted loosely on the
axle u; the lever ³ carries at its upper end a pawl t, which catches into the
holes v of a disc v¹ keyed on the axle u. It will be seen that this arrangement
produces an intermittent motion in one direction of the matrix disc i.
The pawl t is raised by the rod ts, which rod is raised by the tappet to attached
to the axle c.
To put the matrix dies into the matrix disc exactly opposite the material
introduced as well as the pressing head and the burr removing apparatus, the

page_text: tooth which enters the dise is adjustable by the axial position of the arm t³ in
relation to the axle, which is effected by corresponding turning of the right and
left hand screwed nut.t. On the gear axle a two friction clutch cones y and y¹
are keyed which can be caused to approach towards each other or to recede by the
hand-wheels and x².
'
To these cones the fly wheel is attached, the hub of which is correspondingly
formed to engage thereon.
By this arrangement in case of an extraordinary pressure or resistance in the
machinery, the machine may be stopped by the fly wheel slipping on the friction
clutches y and y¹..
The revolutions of the respective axles are so arranged that one revolution of
the axles e and g corresponds to 1/4, 1/8, or 1/16 of a revolution of the matrix disc i.
The machine can by obvious modifications be so arranged that the matrix disc
is placed horizontally on a vertical axis.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. The construction of forging machines, which effect in one set of operations
upon hot or cold metal the introduction, the shearing, the forming of the head,
the removal of the burr, and the expulsion of the finished article by the combination
of self acting mechanism, substantially as herein before described and shewn on
the drawings.
2. The driving mechanism by which one end of the iron bar p issuing from a
heating furnace A situate near the machine, is grasped by means of tongs or
jaws nn¹ cleaned from scale by steel brushes p³ po, cut by adjustable mechanism
1, 11, 12 and 123 to the required length, and conducted into the matrix disc i
rotating intermittently, substantially as described and shewn on the drawings.
3. The pressing mechanism for forming the heads of bolts, railway spikes &c.
The novelty being that the bolt immediately after the head being formed is
operated upon by one or more iron bars z¹ whereby the article is prevented from
being carried away.
4. The arrangement of the mechanism for removing the burr in the forming of
rivets, bolts & in which the mechanism acts automatically..
5. The method, means and appliances for gripping the head of the bolt by means
of the jaws g³, and holding the same while the steel die or collar removes the
burr, and the use of the rod for removing the bolt after the removal of the burr,
substantially as herein before described and shewn on the drawings.
6. The mechanism for the removal of any remaining rivets, bolts & in the
matrix or die, by the lever u* substantially as described and shewn on the
drawings.
7. The method means and appliances for forming the head of the bolt by
pressure, whereby in such formation it is spread or caused to overlap the jaws g³,
substantially as herein before described and shewn on the drawings.
8. The arrangement of the adjustable friction clutch or coupling y y¹, on the
axle of the fly wheel, for preventing damage to the machine in abnormal cases of
increased resistance accidentally or otherwise arising.
9. The general combination and arrangement of the several and respective parts,
together forming our improvements in forging machines, substantially as herein
before described and shewn on the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of November 1884