IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND ARTICLES OF PAPER
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, We, Jonn
HARCOURT BROWN, of Aberdeen, Scotland, and JOHN MACINTOSH, of the same
place, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of
May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the fifteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Harcourt Brown and John Macintosh, our exors, admors, and
assigns, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we,
the said John Harcourt Brown and John Macintosh, our exors, admors, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Harcourt Brown and John
Macintosh, our exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND ARTICLES OF PAPER;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said John
Harcourt Brown and John Macintosh, or one of us, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
samé, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Harcourt Brown and John Macintosh, do hereby declare that the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
Our Invention consists of constructing and applying hollow frames or moulds
with permeable surfaces, within which frames or moulds a partial vacuum may
be obtained, when the same have been immersed in pulp, by which means
paper will be formed on such parts of the surfaces as are uncovered or per-
meable. And in order that our Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
We construct hollow moulds or frames, which we prefer to be of perforated
metal (though other materials may be used), giving interior support or strength
to prevent the pressure from putting the same out of shape, and on the outside
of such surfaces, and to facilitate the removal of the paper, we apply felt, or
woollen cloth, or other fabric, to cover those parts whereon paper is to be
made, the other parts being originally made or rendered impermeable, whereby
the pulp will only form paper over the permeable part or parts of the surfaces,
hence, according to the forms or shapes of paper or articles of paper desired
to be made, so will be the constructions or forms of the moulds or frames
employed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a conical form or mould, suitable for making paper in a
conical shape. Figure 2 is a flat frame or mould suitable for making flat bags
of paper. Figure 3 shows a similar frame or mould to that at Figure 2, but
suitably arranged for making seamless or joinless envelopes. These three
frames are all similarly constructed, they differing simply in regard to their
shape; but from these forms others may be arranged and made by a workman
suitable for producing paper, differing in shape from those which will be made
on the moulds or frames shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3. Each of the frames or
moulds shewn in the Drawing is made of thin perforated metal, strengthened
within by a frame, as shewn by the Drawing, and each has its covering of felt,
or woollen cloth, or other fabric, which, being drawn on; is retained securely
thereon in a condition to be used. And we believe that the best means of
securing the cover of felt or cloth thereon is by a band of vulcanized india-
rubber, a, fixed on one end of the mould or frame, which will readily roll back
when drawing on the cover of felt or cloth or other fabric, but which, when

page_text: released, will fold again over the frame or mould, and secure the end of the
cover. Each of the frames, Figures 1, 2, 3, is provided with a tube b, by
which it can be attached to a pipe in connection with any suitable apparatus
for obtaining a partial vacuum. Any convenient number of either of such
frames or moulds may be fixed to the same pipe, and such pipe may be con-
nected to any suitable apparatus for lowering such frames or moulds into, and
and raising them out of, vats containing pulp. And it will readily be under-
stood that if one or more of either of such frames or moulds be lowered into
or immersed in pulp, and a partial vacuum be then obtained therein, that paper
will be formed on the permeable parts exposed, and if the mould or moulds be
like that shewn at Figure 1, one or more conical bags of paper will be produced.
On withdrawing the apparatus from the pulp, and moving back the india-
rubber, the felt or cloth or other fabric covering of each mould will be readily
drawn off with the paper thereon, when the moulds or frames may be again
covered with other felts or cloths or fabrics, and be again used, whilst those
covers with paper thereon may be pressed, and the paper thereon couched, by
being passed between rollers covered with felt, and, when dried, the paper
formed on such covers may be taken off, or the paper may be taken off before
drying. By these means may bags and such like articles of paper be made;
but in case it be desired that they should be pressed, they are to be subjected
to pressure as other articles have heretofore been pressed.
From the above description, aided by the Drawings, a workman will readily
understand the nature of the Invention when making hollow articles of paper,
and he will readily perceive that cylinders of paper, each closed or not with
a circular end, may be made by using frames or moulds suitably formed
therefor. And it should be stated that it is not essential that the paper
should be made exterior on the mould or frame, for it will be readily understood
that if the conical mould, Figure 1, or the mould Figure 2, be inverted, and
made close on the outside, and have a perforated or permeable mould or frame
on the interior, with a space between the interior mould or frame and the
exterior, then on the frame or mould being introduced into or submerged in
pulp, on a partial vacuum being procured, a like result would be obtained. A
workman will, therefore, in carrying out our improvements resort to an external
or internal mould, according as the one or other may be most suitable for the
particular article of paper he is desirous of making, according to our Inven-
tion, and for some articles he may combine the use of internal and external
permeable surfaces, where the form of article requires it. Our Invention
is not, however, confined to the constructing paper or articles of paper in

page_text: hollow forms, as pieces of paper may be made flat and of various forms;
thus Figure 4 shows a flat hollow mould or frame, which may be used in
making various articles, according to the screen used therewith. In Figure 4
the moulding frame shewn is suitable for making a piece of paper on either
side, and the drawing shows a different screen on either side, and these screens
are only given as examples, in order that a workman may better understand
the variety of forms which may be produced. In using this mould, with or
without a felt or cloth or other fabric laid over it under each screen, only that
portion of the frame or mould on either side which is exposed by the opening
through the screen will be permeable, and, consequently, when the frame or
mould is submerged in pulp, and a partial vacuum obtained, that part only on
either side will have paper produced thereon, and a mechanic will readily
understand from this how to construct frames or moulds and screens for
making other forms of paper. And it is desirable that we should remark that,
in making paper and articles of paper according to our Invention, in cases
where it is desired the paper may on one side be of one color and on the other
side another color, or parts of the surface may shew different colors to other
parts of the surface; and these differences of color are obtained in the fol-
lowing manner:-Supposing a frame or mould has been dipped in pulp and
a partial vacuum obtained so as to produce a film of paper thereon, if the
mould or frame and paper thereon be then dipped into another vat of pulp of
a different color, and a partial vacuum be again obtained therein, the surface
will be coated with paper of such other colored pulp; but if it be desired that
only part of the surface or surfaces should be of a different color, then,
by covering up part or parts of the suface or surfaces by suitable screens,
letters or devices may be produced, and further, if desired, lace or other fabric
may be placed on the surface or surfaces of paper produced, on a mould or
frame, and then covered by the second coating of paper, and thus be confined
between them. We would, however, remark that we are aware that double
paper has before been made with lace or fabrics between them; we do not
therefore claim the same when the double paper is not made according to our
Invention by using moulds or frames within which a partial vacuum is obtained
when producing paper thereon.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which we perform the same, we would remark that we do not confine ourselves
to the details herein described, as they may be greatly varied and yet retain
the peculiar character of our Invention; but what we claim is, the mode
herein described of manufacturing paper and articles of paper, whereby