IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING YARNS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of October, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege, and
authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exors, adñors, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my exors,
adors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time, and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING YARNS," being
a communication from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, obliging me, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the is same to be performed;
and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say)
-
This Invention of improvements in manufacturing yarns has been.com-
municated to me by my foreign correspondent' in nearly the following words:
The object of this Invention is to spin threads by a continuous operation
from rovings of wool, or of which wool is a material part, which Invention is
also applicable to the spinning of other long fibres. And the nature of the
Invention consists in condensing the rovings (as they are being stretched con-
tinuously between two or more sets of drawing rollers) by means of an endless
band, the parts of the inner surface of which, moving in opposite directions in
contact with such rovings, impart a counter twist, to condense and insure
regularity in the stretching operation. The Invention also consists in-com-
bining flyers. for spinning with the method above stated of condensing during
the stretching operation..
.!.
In the 'accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a partial front elevation of the
improved machine, and Fig. 2 a transverse section. "The same letters indicate
like parts in both Figures..
The spindles a are represented in the front and back of a frame b, which
may be of any suitable construction. The spindles carry bobbins c, and are
surrounded by what are known as 'ring groove flyers d, and the spindles are
driven by bands e from a drum or cylinder f on the main shaft 9,
which
receives 'motion from some first mover in the usual way. Motion is com-
mmunicated from the main shaft by a train of pinions and cog wheels (indicated
by red lines) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, to the two main drawing
rollers h and i, on one side, and from the wheel No. 4 by another train 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, to the corresponding drawing rollers on the other-side.
These sets of drawing rollers are provided in the usual manner with weighted
cap rollers', 'and 'the main rollers of each set are placed at such distance apart
as may be suited to the drawing of long fibres. It is not deemed necessary
particularly to set forth the construction or arrangement and relative speed of
the rollers, as these are matters well known to those skilled in the construction
and operation of machinery for spinning wool. The spool k (on which are
wound the rovings 7 rests) on a "cylinder or drum m, which receives motion
from the roller of the wheel 19 of the second train by a third train of pinions
and wheels 20, 21, 22, 23. The journals n of the spool lie in slots made in

page_text: the standards 0, 0, of the frame, so that as the diameter of the spool decreases,
by the unwinding of the rovings, the.axis may continue to descend, and thus
permit the giving out motion to be derived from the constant circumference of
the cylinder or drum, and therefore to be regular. The rovings pass from the
spool between the first set of drawing rollers and from, the lower set of
drawing rollers to the flyers, to be spun,, twisted, and wound on the bobbins,
which are to have the usual traversing motion communicated to them, in order
to wind the thread properly and, regularly thereon., Just above the lower set
of drawing rollers; there is an endless band p, made of cloth or list, and shewn
best in Fig. 1. This endless band p passes around a grooved wheel q, on a
shaft, which is actuated by two mitre wheels, s, s, one of which is mounted on
the end of the drawing roller hof, the upper set. From the grooved wheel q
the endless band passes between two guide pullies tt, over and in contact with
a bedu (Fig. 2) to and around a loose grooved wheels, v, thence returning
under a guide pulley w,.to, and, under the guide pullies tt, and around the first
grooved wheel q.. The wheels, and pullies are grooved to receive the entire
breadth of the band and to guide it, and the position of these guide pullies is
such, that the part of the band running in one direction shall press on the part
running in the opposite direction. At given distances apart there are springs x,
which bear with a gentle pressure on the upper part of the belt, in order to
press it down upon the under part. The rovings, as they are being stretched
or drawn out between the two sets of drawing rollers, pass between the two
parts of this band p, which by the opposite motion of its two parts gives a
counter twist to prevent the rovings from separating, and has the effect of
condensing the fibres, so as to ensure regular and even threads. The band p
being near to the lower set of rollers, the condensed rovings pass directly to
and between the lower set of rollers, and are spun into threads between the
lower set of rollers and the flyers. If it be desired to spin threads with the
fibres twisted into the thread, the flyers should turn in the direction to give
the twist to the threads, in the same direction as the band; but if, on the
contrary, it be desired to produce threads with fibres standing out, then the
twist should be given in spinning the reverse of the motion of the band.
I have above described the spinning as being performed by what is known
as the ring groove spinner; this construction of spinning machinery having
been successfully employed; but any other flyer, adapted to the spinning of
such fibres will answer the purpose. In making the endless band of cloth,
care should be taken in connecting the two ends, to make a smooth or even
joint; cloth list is the substance which has been used for this purpose with

page_text: success; but felt, and even buff leather, and other substances, may be en-
ployed, and will be found to answer the purpose. It has been stated that
the band for giving the counter twist is placed in close proximity to the
lower set of rollers, because in that position the, best results have been
obtained; but if it is placed higher up, satisfactory. results may be also
obtained, although the Inventor prefers to arrange the several parts as
shewn in the Drawing. I do not, therefore, wish to limit myself to the
construction and arrangement of the details, as these may be variously
modified without departing from the nature and object of the. Invention; but
what I claim as new, and desire to secure by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent, is, condensing rovings of wool or other long fibres (during the
operation of drawing continuously between rollers), by means of an endless
band, the inner surfaces of which acting on the rovings, as they are being
stretched or drawn between the sets of drawing rollers, impart a counter twist
to condense and produce regularity in the stretching or drawing operation, as
described. Secondly, I claim, in combination with the above-described method
of condensing and twisting rovings, the adaptation of flyers for spinning the
rovings immediately into threads as they pass from the last set of drawing
rollers, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.