Improvements in or connected with Steam Generator and other Furnaces.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Steam Generator and other
Furnaces.
I, PIERRE JULES EUGENE EDOUARD CHAMBOST, of 11, Rumford Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to heating furnaces by liquid fuel, that is hydrocarbon
oils of practically any density, and applied to the heating of water in steam
generators, and other purposes, wherein it may be usefully or advantageously
used.
In the heating of steam generators or other apparatus, where the vapour, or
gas, resulting from the distillation or vapourization of hydro-carbon oil is burned,
it is sometimes difficult to effect the complete combustion of the vapour
efficiently, or without the deposit of carbon, or soot, or the formation of smoke,
and the present invention has for ita object, amongst other things, to provide
improvements by which these defects are overcome.
According to this invention, oil, namely, hydrocarbon, say of the heavy order,
is distilled within a vessel heated externally, preferably, and the gas or vapour
so formed is conducted to the furnace, into which it is injected, in any suitable
way; and, in connection with this burning vapour, solid fuel, say inferior coal
or coke, is burned upon a grate of any known suitable kind, and the gases and
flames of combustion of the solid fuel, and the vapours or gaseous fuel, intermix,
and complete combustion is effected, without the deposit of carbon, or formation
of smoke, and with the highest efficiency, an intense heat being created.
A further effect obtained by the invention is, that the furnace could, if the
gaseous fuel generating and supply apparatus broke down, or became inoperative,
or from other cause could not be used, or it was not desirable to use it, be fired
and heated by solid fuel alone.
The invention may be carried out by different arrangements and modifications
of apparatus. Examples of arrangements and constructions of the apparatus
are hereafter described, but it is to be stated that these may be modified, and
equivalents used, under the invention.
According to one arrangement, the oil vapourizing or generating apparatus,
may consist of a vessel or vessels, which are introduced into the furnace, and
to which the oil is supplied and passed in spiral or zigzag course through it, by
internal formations or provisions. These vessels become heated by the heat of
the furnace, and the oil is distilled or vapourized, and is conducted to the end.
or a suitable point, where it is discharged in a jet or jets into the furnace, and
burned. These jets, in some cases, are directed towards the solid fuel on the
grate, which, as stated, will be in a state of combustion. In some cases, these
rasifying or vapourizing vessels are adapted to be moved further into or out of
the furnace, more or less, by a mechanical adjusting device, such as toothed
gearing, or screw gearing, or other equivalent means. By this means, the

page_text: amount of heat imparted to the vessels, and the amount of oil gasified, or
vapourized, can be regulated and controlled.
According to another arrangement or modification, the oil vapourizing or
gasifying apparatus is disposed below the grate, and is heated by the heat,
mainly, radiated from the fuel on the grate above, and the vapour or gas is
conducted from the generator or vapourizer by a pipe or pipes, and discharged
through a nozzle or burners, and burned within the furnace above the solid
fuel. In other cases, the generator or generators, or vapourizers, may be placed,
and heated by the heat of the furnace gases or flames, at other convenient points;
or, in separate heating chambers.
According to a further part of the invention, in combustion of oil used in
connection with liquid fuel furnaces, it is difficult to burn the heavier oils
more particularly, without the formation of smoke, but under this invention, the
difficulty is obviated, and an efficient and very hot and powerful flame of
combustion effected, by mixing the oil with air, by forcing such air into it, and
then passing the oil with the air through a heated vapourizing chamber of suitable
type, and burning the vapourized oil and heated air at a burner or nozzle through
which the flame is directed into the furnace. By this mode of treating the oil
even the heavier kinds of oil and refuse oil, can be satisfactorily burned, the
flame produced being bright and smokeless, practically, and of intense power
and heat.
}
Under a further part of this invention, in conjunction with the oil, or oil
vapours, and preferably, also, in connection with air, as described, steam is
mixed with the oil, or oil vapours, by passing it into or through the vapourizing
or gasifying vessel, wherein the fluids and gases become intimately mixed, and
thence to the burner or burners. The steam will, therefore, in some cases, be
superheated. Also, according to this invention, there may be combined with the
vapours or gases, acetylene gas. By this, combustion is facilitated and expedited,
and efficiency of combustion increased.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents,
15, Water Street, Liverpool.
Improvements in or connected with Steam Generator and other
Furnaces.
I, PIERRE JULES EUGENE EDOUARD CHAMBOST, of 11, Rumford Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to the heating of furnaces or apparatus by means
of liquid fuel, namely, liquid hydrocarbon, it being applicable for use in steam
generators, and other apparatus to be heated by fuel, in connection with which
it may be advantageously employed.
The invention will, for convenience, be described, mainly, as applied to the
heating of steam generators, and with the aid of the accompanying drawings,
which shew such an application.
In these drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and Figure an outside
end view shewing the invention applied to a circular flue furnace of a steam

page_text: generator. Figure 3 is a horizontal section shewing the invention applied to
steam generator furnaces of the locomotive type; and Figure 4 is a
diagrammatic view shewing a complete apparatus with means of supplying the
fluids to the burners and vapourizers.
The method or mode of applying and burning liquid fuel under this invention,
is that in which the liquid hydrocarbon-say ordinary petroleum-is first
converted to vapour by heat in a closed vessel, and then subsequently, when in
the vapourous or gaseous state, is discharged into and burns in the furnace.
This mode, however, hitherto, has only been capable of being accomplished with
difficulty, and with inconvenient apparatus; and my invention has, mainly, for
its object to provide a simple and economical manner of accomplishing this
mode of utilization of the fuel, and without the necessity of employing a more
or less complicated and costly apparatus, and also without the formation and
deposit of pitch or soot within the distilling apparatus, or the formation and
giving off of smoke from the furnace.
In the method employed under this invention, the liquid hydro-carbon is first
mixed with an elastic fluid, or with elastic fluids, such as air, steam, or acetylene,
or a combination of them, and the compound fluid is introduced into an evaporating
retort, where it is forced to follow a long course, taking, for instance, a spiral
course through the apparatus. To attain this, the retort will contain an internal
spiral diaphragm or equivalent provisions.
The petroleum is thus conveyed by and is vapourized in the elastic fluid or
fluids with which it is mixed; and the mixture being highly heated, a pressure
in the vapourizer is generated, and it issues from the vapourizer in a strong jet.
Into this jet, and by its action, air is induced through and by a special device,
the object being to ensure perfect combustion and prevention of the formation
of smoke.
Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Figures 1 and 2, a are oil
vapourizing vessels disposed within the furnace h, more or less, and subjected
externally to the temperature within it, b is a spiral diaphragm within each
vessel a, by which the fluid or fluids in passing through them is or are caused
or subjected to a lengthened run, and to be in contact with hot surface for a
considerable time. 2 is a gaseous fluid discharge aperture in the back end of
the vessel a; and e is a pipe conveying the liquid, and a gaseous fluid such as
air, steam, or acetylene, which is previously mixed with it, into the front end
of each vessel a. are front covers on the vessels a, into which the pipes e
are fitted; and care clamp fastening bridges by which these covers
onto the end of the vapourizers.
are held
is the front plate of the furnace, through which the vapourizers a pass;
and is the fire-door therein. jare legs on the covers a of the vapourizers,
which support these vapourizers upon a platform or plate i below, and to which
the lugs are fastened. This plate may have longitudinally disposed slots in it,
by which the vapourizers may be moved and adjusted further into or out of the
furnace through the plate i, so as to expose more or less of their surfaces to the
heat of the furnace.
d are short tubes in front of the apertures a² of the vapourizing vessels, through
which the flame jet from a of burning fluid passes; the said tubes having
communication internally with the outside atmosphere by a conduit d', which,
in the case shewn, is cast in one with the vessel a.
interior of the tube d through apertures or openings (.
Air is discharged into the
Air at atmospheric
pressure may be admitted to the conduit from outside; or, it may be supplied
artificially to it.
kis a small grate in the furnace below the vapourizing vessels a, on which
solid fuel may be burned, say at the commencement of use of the apparatus, to
heat up the vapourizers; and this small fire may be retained afterwards, if
Hesired.
The operation and effect of this part of the apparatus is as follows:-The nil

page_text: and gaseous fluid, say air or steam, in an already mixed state, being supplied
to the several vapourizers a, which it is assumed are hot, say at a red heat, the
oil becomes vapourized in the inlet end of the vessel a, in the spiral way formed
by the internal spiral diaphragm ; and as vapour is formed it passes along
the vessel a round and round the diaphragm under the influence of heat, mixed
with and carried by the air or steam. By this heating, a pressure is created
within the vapourizer, and the highly heated mixed vapour and air or steam
together under this pressure, are discharged at a high velocity through the
aperture at the end of the vapourizers. At this aperture or nozzle the
mixture burns, and the flame passes through the short tube d, through which
external atmospheric air is induced naturally by the difference of temperature
and pressure, and by the rush of the jet through it; and this air entering through
the holes, pierces the stream of burning fluid and intermixes with it, producing
complete combustion, and consequently without the formation of smoke.
The air supplied to the retorts with the oil, may be previously heated, or not;
or if steam be used and mixed with the petroleum alone, or with air, it is first
preferably superheated.
With regard to Figure 3, the invention is here shewn applied to a furnace
of a steam generator of the locomotive type. In this case, vapourizers a are
introduced into the furnace through apertures in the sides of the fire-box. Or,
in lieu of this, the vapourizers may be introduced through the front of the fire-
box, as indicated in dotted lines.
The diagram, Figure 4, shews the means employed for mixing together and
supplying the petroleum and air to the vapourizing vessels. In this means,
there is comprised an air pump o, a petroleum pump p, an air reservoir o¹ fed
with air from the pump o, a petroleum reservoir p₁ connected with the pump p
by the pipe P, and pipes o2 and 72 connected, respectively, with the air pump
supply pipe, and the oil pipe P. Connected with each of these pipes, o and p
there is a regulating valve 2 by which the amount and proportion of air and
oil supplied is regulated; and between these valves and the vapourizer a, there
is a mixing branch which leads the air and oil together, and causes them to
mix and pass together through a single conduit. This single conduit is
designated and connects the mixing branch with the vapourizers. By this
intermixing, the oil and air become so mixed that the oil is carried with the
air into the vapourizers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim
is:―
1. In the heating of steam generator or other furnaces by liquid fuel, the
improvement consisting in mixing together hydro-carbon oil and air, or other
elastic fluid, or a combination thereof, and conveying the said combined fluid
therefrom into a closed vessel within, or having its body substantially wholly
within the said furnace and heated externally by the temperature thereof, and
having within it a spiral or similar provision for causing the vapour produced
in the said apparatus to be subjected to a prolonged heating action therein;
and the mixed products being burned at the discharge aperture of the said
vessels substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In a steam generator or other furnace heated by liquid fuel, vapourizing
vessels a projecting into the said furnace, and having a fluid supply inlet at
the front end, and a discharge orifice within the furnace, and heated externally
by the heat within the said furnace; substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
3. In a steam generator or other furnace heated by liquid fuel, the arrangement
in connection with the furnace, h, of a plurality of oil vapourizing vessels a
having their inlet ends outside the furnace, and their bodies lving substantially
wholly with the furnace, and adapted to be heated by the heat of combustion

page_text: within it inlet pipes, r, for the unvapourized fluid on the vessel outside the
furnace, and a vapour discharge aperture a² on the opposite end of said vessel
at which said vapour is adapted to burn; substantially as set forth.
4. In a steam generator or other furnace heated by liquid fuel, oil vapourizing
cylinders a entered through the wall of the furnace, and having means of
adjustment axially through said wall, and having their inlet ends outside the
furnace, and bodies mainly within same and subjected to heat thereof, whereby
the heating and vapourization of fuel is regulated; substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
5. The construction and arrangement of oil vapourizing vessels or retorts a,
with internal directing devices, as herein set forth and shewn for the purposes.
specified.
6. The construction and arrangement of parts of the furnace liquid fuel
heating apparatus as shewn in and set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2,
and Figure 3, respectively, of the drawings.
Dated this 18th day of February 1899
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.