A NEW AND PECULIAR ENGINE OR MACHINE WHEREBY ANY GIVEN NUMBER OF PUMPS, SLEDGE HAMMERS, OR OTHER SUBJECTS REQUIRING THE LIKE POWERS MAY BE WROUGHT WITH FACILITY, EASE, AND EXPEDITION, AND AT A SMALL EXPENCE
Year: 1785

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PENNINGTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, China Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date the Nineteenth day of December, in the twenty-sixth year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said John Pennington, His especial
licence, that I, the said John Pennington, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A NEW
AND PECULIAR ENGINE OR MACHINE WHEREBY ANY GIVEN NUMBER OF PUMPS,
SLEDGE HAMMERS, OR OTHER SUBJECTS REQUIRING THE LIKE POWERS MAY BE
WROUGHT WITH FACILITY, EASE, AND EXPEDITION, AND AT A SMALL EXPENCE;"
in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the
said John Pennington, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and how the same is to be performed, to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar
month after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Pennington, do hereby declare, that my said Invention is described
in manner following (that is to say):-
It consists of an upright shaft, whose head and foot turn (like pivots) in
beds fixed in the cieling of the upper room and floor of the lower. At any

page_text: convenient distance below the head of the shaft is inserted horizontally a long
lever, which turns the shaft on its axis, and gives motion to the whole engine
or machine by means of any impulsive force applied to the other end of the
lever, and carrying it round the work, as by a horse, man, or otherwise. At
any convenient distance below the insertion of the lever is a horizontal wheel,
turning round with the upright shaft which forms its centre or axis. This
wheel is concave above, like a bason, to admit the working of levers to the
pumps; the upper side of its outward rim or felly consists of twelve (or any
other number at discretion, of) inclined planes of such altitude as the working
of the piston in pumping requires, which meeting each other alternately form
six points or teeth of equal heighth, and with equal angles of inclination, so
as to be wrought either backwards or forwards. The under side of the rim
is formed in like manner of inclined planes of the same description as the
upper, ascending and descending in union therewith, thus-
On the outside of the wheel stands the pump (or any required
number of pumps, each) furnished with a piston and rod, the top
whereof is nearly level with the middle of the wheel's rim, and there are rollers
on each side of it within the pump barrel to prevent friction. To the top of the
rod is fastened by a ring the lever for raising the water. This lever is suspended.
horizontally over the upper teeth of the wheel, and reaches in length nearly to the
shaft, where it is much thicker and heavier than at the junction with the pump rod.
At a convenient distance between the rim of the wheel and the shaft this lever
is supported by a yoke like the balance lever. Under the yoke of the last-
described lever, and below the wheel, but upon such a level as to come within
the action of the lower teeth or inclined planes, is fixed in an upright post one
end of another lover, the other end whereof extends itself horizontally towards
the pump, where, by means of a chain descending from the juncture of
the other lever with the pump rod, these two levers are so fastened together
as to receive one and the same motion from the revolution of the wheel,
ascending and descending both at the same time. And in order to take off
friction as much as possible rollers are used to such parts of the levers as come
in contact with the teeth or inclined planes of the wheel.
Instead of the above wheel may be used sometimes as conveniently another
wheel constructed like the former, except that it has no upper row of inclined
planes or teeth, and needs not bo concave. To the working of this wheel only
one pumping lever is required. It is fixed in an upright post under the wheel,
and, like the former pumping lover, joins to the pump rod at one end, and
extends the other towards the shaft of the wheel, where it is made so heavy or
loaded as to raise the piston to the heighth requisite, after which the lower set of

page_text: inclined planes or teeth operating on the other end of the lever returns the piston
its proper depth into the pump barrel, and so continues alternately to do. Instead
of the upper set of inclined planes above-mentioned, a number of teeth may be
inserted in the upper surface of the wheel's rim, so as form a contrate wheel,
which by means of a small wheel upon the shaft or axis of a grinding stone,
or upon any shaft or axis, with a crank, may work a grinding stone, a pair of
bellows, or any number of such or the like subjects. At a convenient dis-
tance below the above wheel is another horizontal wheel, turning round with
the upright shaft which forms its centre or axis. This wheel may be con-
cave; and the upper side of its outward rim or felly consists of six (or any
other number at discretion, of) inclined planes of proper altitudes to give
force to hammers or such like subjects, each of which planes terminates
in a point, and falls off perpendicularly, thus-
the space between the perpendicular ending of the
AA
one and the commencement of the next being left to prevent the hammer's
being deprived of its effect by the quick rotation of the wheel. On the
outside of the wheel are five (or any other number; of) steadies. Between
each steady and the wheel stands an upright bar, fixed firmly in the floor,
which, by means of a long cleft or slit up the middle of the bar, admits the
working of the hammer, and keeps it in its proper place. This upright bar
bends over the rim of the wheel, and extends itself near to the shaft, where it
is again slit, and receives and supports the end of the hammer stale, which in
its state of rest is horizontal, and upon a level with the rim of the wheel, so as
to be acted upon by the inclined planes on the upper surface, and may be
used with or without rollers. On the highest part of the upright har is a
strong iron spring, fixed so as to come into contact with the hammer head, to
return it upon the steady with the greater celerity. In the under side of this
wheel's rim is inserted a number of common teeth forming a contrate wheel,
which is adapted and employed in turning a grinding stone and blowing a
pair of bellows, by the method before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pennington, havo hereunto set my
hand and scal, the Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-six.
JOHN PENNINGTON. (L.s.)
35 Signed and scaled by the said John.
Pennington, in the presence of us,
JOHNSON PENNINGTON.
JA. NICHOLSON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1786, the aforesaid John Pennington came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to
the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-six.