Improvements in and relating to the Ventilation of Waterproof and other Gar.nents and Articles of Clothing.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 16th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Ventilation of Waterproof and
other Gar.nents and Articles of Clothing.
We EMILY JANE POOL of 46 Gertrude Street S.W. Ladies Dress Cutter and
Fitter and ARTHUR O'CONOR of 8 Thurloe Square South Kensington, of no
occupation, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the ventilation of garments and articles of clothing
and is especially valuable with regard to waterproof and skin or other air proof
clothing enabling close-fitting garments made thereof to be worn with ease and
comfort.
The general object of the invention is not only to provide outlets for heated air
from within the garment but to induce currents of air inside the garment to the
said outlets and thus set up a circulation of air, the vitiated and heated air. issuing
at the ventilators being replaced by fresh air from outside entering beneath the
garment and or at any suitable inlets. Further objects of the invention are to
keep the outlets aforesaid open and to prevent entrance of rain therein, also to
arrange the ventilators in relation to the garment in such a way as to produce the
effects desired and at the places where it is needed and beneficial without detriment
to the shape and appearance of the garment.
To induce a current of air to the outlets ventilators are used the principle of
which is that they consist of a number of tubes, preferably parallel, but in any case
so arranged upon the surface, usually the interior surface, or in the material of the
garment that they carry air upward to the oitlets aforesaid which are at or near
their upper ends. If there is not an outlet to each tube, the tubes lead at their
upper ends into a cross channel or tube in which are the outlets permitting the air
to escape to the outside of the garment. The tubes extend so far downward from
the outlets as may be needed and according to the nature of the garment, its style
of fit, and material, the tubes are made perforated, some or all, or whole, in certain
instances they may be composed of reticulated fabric so as practically to admit air
at all parts.
A fabric containing these tubes may be woven or made in any suitable way or
may be sewn or formed of pieces sewn or fastened one upon the other so as to
produce hollow corrugations, the fabric should be suitably stiff to avoid the
crushing or flattening of the tubes or corrugations when the garments are worn.
As it is of importance in the fitting of these ventilators that the openings from
which the air escapes outside the garment should remain free and unobstructed and
yet so far as possible hidden from sight, an eyelet is used preferably having a hood
or protecting shield on the outside in order to prevent the opening under the hood
being closed by any part of the garment lying in front of the opening. By use of
this hooded eyelet, the openings may be placed under collars, beneath sleeves in
folds or pleats, or otherwise under a part of the garment which will hide them,
while a sufficient space is insured between such superposed garment and the main
body thereof by means of the hood to suffer the air to pass freely. Similar hoods
should project on the inside of the eyelet to keep the tubes aforesaid from
collapsing the eyelet is preferably made in two or more parts, to be screwed or
otherwise fastened together, for convenience in inserting the same in a garment or
removing it therefrom and can be combined with a button or other ornament to suit
the appearance of the garment. In coats and like close fitting garments the
tubular fabric described made in a suitably flexible material yet not liable to be
crushed may be used in place of the ordinary padding, being even in itself
apart from the ventilating properties superior to the ordinary padding in lightness
ן' !

page_text: and retaining its desired shape. It is however preferably arranged for ventilation
also and according to the greater or less degree in which the respective garment is
impervious, there should be more or less of the ventilating material inserted and
greater or less use made of its ventilating properties. Thus; suitable places for
insertion of this ventilating material are, under the arms and around the front and
back of the arms, in the middle of the back, down the sides or front, in the breast
and back of a soldiers tunic, in the back of the waist of a pair of trousers, down
the back and sides of a skirt, and in general wherever the garment may fit closely
and a slight padding effect be not unsuitable.
By use of this method of ventilation not only may a tight fitting jacket of
waterproof material be comfortably worn but also a skirt thereof equally close
fitting. Such a skirt may serve also as a cloak the waist band being capable of
being shortened by buttoning or hooking in a fold thereof to serve as a neck band.
Suitable arm holes may serve to give access to pockets when used as a skirt as
well as when used as a cloak.
The method of tubular ventilation is also applicable to underclothing and such
articles as corsets, Wellington and other boots, hat bands and any article of
clothing.
Dated this 17th day of November 1802
R. HADDAN,
Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Ventilation of Waterproof and
other Garments and Articles of Clothing.
We, EMILY JANE POOL, of 46 Gertrude Street, S.W., Ladies Dress Cutter and
Fitter, and ARTHUR O'CONOR, of 8 Thurloe Square, South Kensington, Land
Proprietor and Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the ventilation of garments and articles of clothing and
is especially valuable with regard to water-proof and skin or other air-proof
clothing enabling close fitting garments made thereof to be worn with ease and
comfort.
The general object of the invention is not only to provide outlets for heated air
from within the garment but to induce currents of air inside the garment to the
said outlets and thus set up a circulation of air, the vitiated and heated air issuing
at the ventilators being replaced by fresh air from outside entering beneath the
garment and or at any suitable inlets.
Further objects of the invention are to keep the outlets aforesaid open and to
prevent entrance of rain therein; also to arrange the ventilators in relation to the
garment in such a way as to produce the effect desired and at the places where it is
needed and beneficial without detriment to the shape and appearance of the
garment.
To induce a current of air to the outlets, ventilators are used the principle of
which is that they consist of a number of tubes, preferably parallel, but in any
case so arranged upon the surface, usually the interior surface, or in the material
of the garment that they carry air upward to the outlets aforesaid which are at or
near their upper ends. If there is not an outlet to each tube, the tubes lead at
their upper ends into a cross channel or tube in which are the outlets permitting
the air to escape to the outside of the garment. The tubes extend so far down-
ward from the outlets as may be needed and according to the nature of the
garment, its style of fit and material the tubes are made perforated, some or all, or
whole, in certain instances they may be composed of reticulated fabric so as
practically to admit air at all parts.

page_text: A fabric containing these tubes may be woven or made in any suitable way'or
may be sewn or formed of pieces sewn or fastened one upon the other so as to
produce hollow corrugations, the fabric should be suitably elastic to avoid the
crushing or flattening of the tubes or corrugations when the garments are worn.
As it is of importance in the fitting of these ventilators that the openings from
which the air escapes outside the garment should remain free and unobstructed and
yet so far as possible hidden from sight, an eyelet is used, preferably having a
hood or protecting shield on the outside in order to prevent the opening under the
hood being closed by any part of the garment lying in front of the opening. By
use of this hooded eyelet a double object is effected, the openings may be placed
under collars, beneath sleeves in folds or pleats, or otherwise under a part of the
garment which will hide them, while a sufficient space is insured between such
superposed garment and the main body thereof by means of the hood to suffer the
air to pass freely and rain is prevented from entering through the opening.
Similar hoods should project on the inside of the eyelet to keep the tubes aforesaid
from collapsing. The eyelet is preferably made in two or more parts, to be screwed
or otherwise fastened together for convenience, or removing it therefrom and can
be combined with a button or other ornament to suit the appearance of the
garment.
In coats and like close fitting garments the tubular fabric described made in a
suitably flexible material yet not liable to be crushed may be used in place of the
ordinary padding, being even in itself apart from its ventilating properties superior
to the ordinary padding in lightness and retaining its desired shape.
It is however preferably arranged for ventilation also and according to the
greater or less degree in which the respective garment is impervious, there should
be more or less of the ventilating material inserted and greater or less use made of
its ventilating properties. Thus, suitable places for insertion of this ventilating
material are, under the arms and around the front and back of the arms, in the
middle of the back, down the sides or front, in the breast and back of a soldier's
tunic, in the back of the waist of a pair of trowsers, down the back and sides of a
skirt, and in general wherever the garment may fit closely and a slight padding
effect be not unsuitable.
By use of this method of ventilation not only may a tight fitting jacket of water-
proof material be comfortably worn but also a skirt thereof equally close fitting.
Such a skirt may serve also as a cloak, the waist band being capable of being
shortened by buttoning or hooking in a fold thereof to serve as a neckband.
Suitable arm holes may serve to give access to pockets when used as a skirt as well
as when used as a cloak.
The method of tubular ventilation is also applicable to underclothing and such
articles as corsets, Wellington and other boots, hat-bands, and any article of
clothing.
Reference being made to the annexed drawing,
Fig. 1 is a section through a piece of elastic fabric of which the ventilator is
made.
Fig. 2 is a similar perspective view of such picce of fabric with a cross channel
at the top.
Fig. 3 is a section illustrating the application of the ventilator to a piece of fabric,
for instance to a garment near the collar, and showing also the eyelet which is used
to keep open the ventilating hole and prevent the entry of water.
Fig. 4 is a similar view showing application to a button.
Fig. 5 is a front elevation thereof.
Fig. 6 shows the application of the invention to a button down skirt which can
also be used as a cape.
Fig. 7 shows the application of the ventilator to a jacket.
The first purpose of this invention is fulfilled by arranging tubular cavities
within the garment having near or at their lower ends holes within the garment
and at their uppermost ends holes opening outside the garment, the heat of the

page_text: body draws the air upward in these tubular cavities and causes it to issue at the top
into the outer air and so draw the vitiated air from the inside of the garment which
is replaced by cool fresh air from below or at suitable inlets. A convenient
manner of making such tubular passages is to form by sewing or otherwise a piece
of fabric such as shown in Fig. 1 and in the piece to be cut up as desired or in just
the shape wanted to fit into the space to receive it in the garment. As it would be
inconvenient to place an opening for each corrugation a, which forms a tube, the
corrugations may run into a cross passage b common to all and when this ventilator
is fitted into the garment, holes c are made and fitted with the eyelets d having
hoods d' d² outside and inside, the first to prevent any overlapping part of the
.garment e from closing the hole c, or water entering, and the second for preventing
the passage b from being pressed flat. The natural elasticity of the fabric A keeps
the tubes open and the air enters these at their lower ends fand at hole g made
at any suitable places along them, regard being had to the part from which the air
is to be drawn. The ventilators are usually placed so that their outlet holes are
-covered by some overlapping part of the garment for instance the collar g', Fig. 7,
or the pleating, Fig. 6. The ventilating eyelets may also be placed under buttons
or ornaments and will then serve for the attachments of such buttons or ornaments
as atj, Figs. + and 5. In such cases the eyelets may be used without the tubular
fabric. The tubular fabric serves also as a useful and light padding and as such
may be used with or without openings and eyelets as aforesaid but the combination
of the eyelets with the tubular fabric give the best result in ventilating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination with a garment of a tubular fabric therein having tubular
cavities open
below within the garment and opening above to the outside of said
garment for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination with a garment of a tubular fabric therein having tubular
cavities lying along the fabric of the garment and open below and at intervals
along their lower parts within the garment and open above to the outside of the
said garment for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination with a garment of a ventilator composed of a piece of
tubular fabric whose tubes run lengthwise of the garment, the said ventilator
being situated upon the inside of the garment and the said tubes open below therein
and communicating with the outside of the garment at their upper ends.
4. The combination with a garment of a ventilator A having tubular cavities in
the plane of its fabric and eyelets in the highest lying parts of said tubular cavities
affording outlet beneath overlapping portions of said garment.
5. In a garment ventilator an eyelet having a hood and adapted to be placed
under an overlapping portion of the garment without its orifice being thereby
closed or rain allowed to enter substantially as set forth.
6. In a garment ventilator an eyelet having on each side a hood adapted to
prevent closure of the passage way in said eyelet substantially as described.
7. In a garment ventilator an eyelet having a hood on which is fixed a button or
ornament substantially as and for the purpose described.
8. As a garment ventilator or padding a fabric made or woven with a corrugated
interior layer to form tubular cavities substantially as illustrated in Fig. 1.
Dated this 16th day of August 1902
R. HADDAN,
Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agent for Applicants.