IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Campbell, Physician, of 38, Queen Anne
Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR.”
Scaled the 8th August 1873, and dated the 12th February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Campbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th February 1873.
I, HUGH CAMPBELL, Physician, of 38, Queen Anne Street, Cavendish
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
I take dried peat, sawdust, peat and wood charcoal, seaweeds, vegetable
fibres, flax, flax waste, cotton, cotton waste, wool, wool waste, and dust,
the waste and dust of alpaca, llama, and other animal fibres used in

page_text: the manufacture of textile fabrics, shoddy, shoddy dust, goat and cow
hair, the waste and cuttings of fur and feather manufacturers, cleaners,
and dressers, the waste and cuttings from tanners and leather dressers,
and from glue, size, and gelatine manufacturers, and also the rags and
cuttings of all fabrics containing animal fibre or matter.
According to the special qualities of the manure I wish to produce I
take any one of the materials enumerated, or a combination of them;
this I saturate with urine, blood, the drainings of slaughter houses, horse
slaughters' yards, cattle layers, piggeries, &c., the drainings and liquid
wastes of glue, gelatine, and size manufactories, the ammoniacal products
and nitrogenous compounds obtained from gas works, print works, dye
works, and all processes of manufacture in which these are produced;
also the drainings from manure heaps. The compound so produced I
place for a short time on wooden troughs pierced with holes, and
when all superfluous moisture has drained away I reduce it to powder in
an ordinary grinding mill.
Or I employ another method, which is as follows:-I take any one
or a combination of the materials first enumerated, and place it in the
hopper of a machine; I then pour upon it any one of, or a combination
of the liquids just enumerated; a revolving screw with cutting edges is
then set in motion, and the process of saturation and grinding are
performed at the same time.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hugh Campbell in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 11th August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HUGH
CAMPBELL, of No. 38, Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Street, Cavendish
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Physician, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of February, in the year 3
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-

page_text: cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Hugh Campbell, Her special
licence that I, the said Hugh Campbell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Hugh Campbell, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Hugh Campbell, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hugh Campbell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
According to my Invention I take either separately or in combinations
dried peat, sawdust, peat and wood charcoal, seaweed, vegetable fibre,
flax waste, cotton and cotton waste, wool, wool waste and dust, the
waste and dust of alpaca, llama, and other animal fibres used in the
manufacture of textile fabrics, shoddy, and shoddy dust, goat hair, cow
hair, the waste and cuttings from fur manufacturers, the waste and
trimmings from feather dressers, cleaners, and manufacturers, the waste
and cuttings from tanners and leather dressers, from glue, gelatinė,
and size manufacturers, the rags and cuttings of all textile fabrics
containing animal matter. These I mix and thoroughly saturate with
one or a combination of the following materials, according to the special
quality of the manure I wish to produce, viz., urine, blood; the drainings
of slaughter houses, and of horse slaughterers' yards, the drainings
and liquid wastes of glue and gelatine makers, the ammoniacal products
and nitrogenous compounds obtained from gas works, print works, dye
works, and all processes of manufacture in which they are produced.
The product thus obtained is allowed to remain for twenty-four hours, at

page_text: -
the end of which time it is removed to wooden troughs, on which it is
allowed to drain until the superfluous moisture entirely runs off
through holes pierced in the bottoms of said troughs; after this it is
reduced to powder by trituration, if sufficiently dry to allow of it. If
not dry enough to reduce to a loose powder it is placed in a hollow
metal cylinder pierced with holes at each end and arranged so as to
revolve slowly, it is there exposed to a temperature of one hundred and
fifty degrees Fahrenheit, until all perceptible moisture is driven off;
after this it is removed and triturated as in the former case.
When it is desirable to save the superfluous moisture for further treat-
ment, the product, as above described, is placed in an hydraulic press,
and sufficient force applied to press out the liquid contained in it; this
latter is received in a tank, where it is retained until alkaline reaction is
fully established, when the ammoniacal products present are precipitated
from it in the form of triple phosphate, by the addition of such
quantities of phosphate of lime or alumina and sulphate of magnesia, as.
the per-centage of ammonia contained indicates as requisite for the
purpose. The precipitate obtained is added to the pressed product, and
the whole triturated to an uniform powder.
When I desire to produce a highly.concentrated manure, I repeat the
saturation and evaporation, as herein-before described, until by weighing
after each evaporation I find no fresh addition is made to the amount of
fixed material, I then reduce to powder, as in the former cases. In some
instances, having selected my combinations, I place the solid materials
for four hours in a revolving cylinder, as herein-before described, and
subject them therein to a temperature of one hundred and twenty degrees
Fahrenheit; they are then removed to the hopper of an ordinary grinding
mill, where there is poured upon them as much of the liquid materials as
it has been ascertained by calculation and experiment will combine with
them, without preventing their reduction to powder; the mill is then g
set in motion, and being fed with both the solid and liquid materials,
the processes of combination and reduction to powder go on simul-
taneously.
Having now fully described and ascertained the notum

page_text: before described, of combining and preparing for actual use as manures,
the various substances herein-before enumerated and described, and the
several modifications of the same operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hugh Campbell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
W. R. HOLYOAKE,
238, Marylebone Road,
W.
HUGH (L.S.) CAMPBELL.