IMPROVEDMETHODS OR MEANS OF APPLYING EXHAUST STEAM FOR WARMING RAILWAY CARS OR CARRIAGES, AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTER PATENT to Joseph Shackleton, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer and Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
METHODS OR MEANS OF APPLYING EXHAUST STEAM FOR WARMING RAILWAY
CARS OR CARRIAGES, AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
I, JOSEPH SHACKLETON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED METHODS OR MEANS OF APPLYING EXHAUST STEAM FOR WARMING
RAILWAY CARS OR CARRIAGES, AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be
as follows:-

page_text: of which is shewn and described pipes placed longitudinally of each
carriage, with a stuffing box for other pipes to enter and slide in, such
pipes being capable of connection by means of a screw coupling joint;
also coils of steam piping are placed under the seats of the carriages.
Now my present improvements consist in applying to the slide
coupling pipes ball-and-socket joints with a facing of india-rubber or
other similar or suitable compressible material. Also in the application
of springs (by preference spiral or helical), one on each side of the ball
joint abutting on the stuffing boxes of the longitudinal pipes for holding
the ball-and-socket joints together; and instead of the coil being placed
under the seats chambers may be formed under the floors of the carriages
to contain the coil of steam piping, and the steam supply pipe may pass
over the top of the carriages with branch pipes from it to the coils
in the chambers of the several carriages; and registers or gratings or
perforations are formed in the floor of the carriages, or between them
and the chamber for the air heated by the steam coil to pass into the
said carriages, and these registers or gratings are provided with slide
valves so as to be enabled to regulate the quantity of air required to be
admitted into each compartment; or I may place a large coil of steam
piping in a compartment of a carriage provided for the purpose for
heating the air therein, and having a pipe connected to the same for
conducting the heated air to the several cars or carriages in a train;
or a space may be formed on the sides of or underneath the tender of
the engine to contain a coil of steam piping for heating air therein to
be conveyed to the several carriages as above stated. And to facilitate
the passage of the heated air a funnel-ended opening is formed into the
heating compartment, the funnel end being placed in the direction of
the train's travel, so that the atmospheric air will be thus forced through
and into the different compartments of the train; in some cases, if
desirable, a fan may be applied to the opening to be worked by or from
the wheels of the said carriage or tender to force the air through the
compartment and along the pipes to the carriages.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Shackleton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
SHACKLETON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer and
Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Shackleton, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Shackleton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Shackleton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED METHODS OR MEANS
OF APPLYING EXHAUST STEAM FOR WARMING RAILWAY CARS OR CARRIAGES, AND
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Joseph Shackleton, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Shackleton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to a prior Invention, for which Letters Patent
were granted to me, dated the Second day of April 1870, Number 976,
in the Specification of which is shewn and described pipes placed.
longitudinally of each carriage with a stuffing box for other pipes to
enter and slide in, such pipes being capable of connection by means of

page_text: a screw coupling joint, also coils of steam piping are placed under the
seats of the carriages.
Now my present improvements consist in applying to the slide
coupling pipes ball-and-socket joints, instead of the screw couplings,
with a facing of india-rubber or other similar or suitable compressible
material. Also in the application of springs (by preference spiral or
helical) one on each side of the ball joint abutting on the stuffing boxes
of the longitudinal pipes for holding the ball-and-socket joints together,
and instead of the coils being placed under the seats chambers may
be formed under the floors of the carriages to contain the coil of steam
piping, and the steam supply pipe may pass over the top of the carriages
with branch pipes from it to the coils in the chambers of the several
carriages and registers; or gratings or perforations may be formed in
the floor of the carriages or between them and the chamber for the air
heated by the steam coil to pass into the said carriages, and these
registers or gratings may be provided with slide or other kind of valves,
so as to be enabled to regulate the quantity of air required to be
admitted into each compartment; or I may place a large coil of steam
piping in a compartment of a carriage provided for the purpose of
heating the air therein, and having a pipe connected to the same for
conducting the heated air to the several cars or carriages in a train;
or a space may be formed on the sides of or underneath the tender of
the engine to contain a coil of steam piping for heating air therein to
be conveyed to the several carriages, as above stated, and to facilitate
the passage of the heated air a funnel-ended opening is formed into the
heating compartment, the funnel end being placed in the direction of the
train's travel, so that the atmospheric air will be thus forced through
and into the different compartments of the train, and if desirable a fan
may be applied to the opening to be worked by or from the wheels of
the said carriage or tender to force the air through the compartment
and along the pipes to the carriages.
In order that this Invention may be clearly understood I herein give
reference to an accompanying Sheet of Drawings of a locomotive engine,
and tender, and two railway cars or carriages with my improvements
applied thereto.

page_text: Fig. 1 represents the engine and tender in elevation and the carriages
in longitudinal and vertical section; Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional
plan of a carriage, and Fig. 3 is another plan or under side view of the
same.
A is a pipe or series of pipes carried on the tops of the carriages and
connected to the boiler of the locomotive and the exhaust pipe of the
engine for conveying the steam therefrom to heat the carriages with,
the said pipes being connected or coupled together by ball-and-socket or
spring slide coupling joints B, shewn on a larger scale at Fig. 4, and
herein-after more fully described. Underneath the floor of each carriage
is a chamber, in which is placed a coil or series of small pipes C, shewn
on a larger scale at Fig. 5, and which are more fully described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to me dated the seventh day of April
1870, Number 1027. Each of these coils is connected with the pipe A
by a branch pipe D and a small pipe E is attached to the coil, which
forms an outlet for the condensed steam. The pipes A are connected
by short pipes slidable in stuffing boxes in manner as explained in the
Specification of Patent, Number 976, 1870, but instead of the screw
coupling joints therein shewn and described I have ball-and-socket
joints, as shewn in Fig. 4, where F is the ball and G the socket, each
being attached respectively to the two short pipes H and I, which are
capable of sliding in the stuffing boxes J and K, the joints being pressed
or held together by spiral springs L and M, and to make the joint
steam-tight a facing or packing ring of india-rubber or other suitable
substance is introduced into a groove cut in the ball of this joint.
Fig. 6 is a portion of a locomotive boiler with part of the pipe A and
pipes A¹ and A³ connecting it with the boiler and the exhaust port of
the engine respectively. Also the injection pipe A³, as explained in
the former Patent referred to, each pipe being provided with stop-taps
for closing or opening communications with each other of the said
pipes.
Fig. 7 is a portion of the floor of a carriage with grating and a pipe N
connected to the chamber for conveying the heated air from the said
chamber to the other compartments in a carriage. Each grating in the
floor of the compartments can be provided with a slide valve or cover,
so as to open or close the passage from the heated chamber as required,
and each branch pipe D can also be provided with a stop-tap, so as

page_text: w
do so.
VIL
Heat from any carriage in the train, I required to
It will now be seen that by this means a communicating passage is
formed between each carriage in a train, and the exhaust port of the
locomotive engine, and also the boiler, the pipes being provided with
stop-taps, so that either exhaust or live steam or both can be passed
through the pipes to warm all or any carriage in a train. The taps A¹,
A2, and A³, are under the control of the driver of the train, so that when
the train is in motion he can open the tap A' and pass a little of the
exhaust steam through the pipes the entire length of the train; and if
requisite, by opening to any extent the tap A³ can turn in a jet of live
steam to take off back pressure on the engine, or force the exhaust steam
through the pipes, and when the train is standing or not in motion,
by opening the tap A2 he can pass live steam from the boiler through
the said pipes A, and thereby warm and maintain the warmth of each or
any carriage in the train, whether in or out of motion, and to prevent
radiation or waste of heat from the pipes and chambers they may be
covered with some non-conducting material.
·
It will be observed that the peculiarity and advantages of this my
improved coupling joint are, that it is self-connecting and self-sustaining
in its connection, the ball end of the pipe on one carriage entering the
socket end of the pipe on another carriage, and the springs will give and
take or compensate for variations in the motions or the distances of two
adjoining carriages, and the ball joint together with lateral slide bearings
for carrying the pipes on the top of the carriages will allow for curvature
in the line of rails, and for oscillation or divergencies of the carriages.
It will also be readily perceived that instead of having a line of steam
piping direct from the locomotive extending throughout the entire
length of the train a compartment of a carriage may be appropriated
and adapted; or a chamber may be formed underneath or on the sides
of the tender for the purpose of containing a large coil of the pipings, as
herein-before explained, for heating the air in the compartment or
chamber, which may be conducted by similar pipes to those described
for the conveyance of the steam to conduct the heated air to the several
carriages of a train, and a funnel-ended pipe may be provided to the said
compartment or chamber to not only admit the atmospheric air thereto,
but being placed in the direction of the motion or travel of the train, the

page_text: air will be forced through the heating chamber and the conducting pipes
into the various carriages.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and shewn
by Drawings in what manner the same is or may be performed or carried
into practical operation, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to any details, nor do I claim the whole of the parts which I
have had occasion to describe herein; but what I do claim as my
Invention is,
Firstly. The combination and arrangement of pipes and stop-taps in
connection with a locomotive engine, and the several carriages in a
train, and the mode of warming them with either exhaust or live steam,
or both, in manner substantially as shewn and described.
Secondly. The construction and use of ball and socket jointed
couplings to pipes for conducting steam or hot air in railway trains
for warming the carriages.
Thirdly. The construction and application of chambers to railway
carriages in which to heat air by steam pipes, in manner substantially
as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Shackleton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.