An Improved Method of Replacing Broken Slates and Appliances for that Purpose.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 8th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 9th Mar., 1889
PROVISIONAL DI BUIFICATIO
An Improved Method of Replacing Broken Slates and Appliances
for that Purpose.
I, GEORGE PADDOCK, of Ynyshir Glandovey, in the County of Cardigan, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In slating a roof, it is usual to so arrange the slates that they overlap one another,
the nails for securing the slates of one row being covered by the overlapping parts
of the slates above, so as to prevent percolation of water through the nail holes.
Consequently when a slate becomes broken or drops off it is very difficult to
replace it with a new slate without removing the slates above quite up to the ridge.
Heretofore such replaced slates have been fastened in position by means of bent
strips of lead or zinc, or by nails introduced below the lap of the slate immediately
above it, covering or bedding the head of the nail in a waterproof material, but these
means of fastening have not been found to be weatherproof.
According to my invention 1 proceed in the following manner.
In place of the slate broken or missing a new slate is inserted from above and the
position of its supporting lath underneath is marked from below.
The slate is then removed and holes punched through it just above the upper line of
the lath.
Into these holes I insert a rivet made of soft or malleable metal such as copper or
lead which has a thin washer head, a hollow screwed body of about the thickness of
After insertion the
the slate and two or more thin fangs projecting therefrom.
projecting fangs are turned over and so securo the rivet in position in the slate. The
washer head and the fangs being very thin do not prevent the sliding of the slate into
its position where it is retained by pegs of iron or other suitable material screwed into
the hollow part of the rivet these pegs resting against the upper edge of the lath.
When the roof is a boarded one, the position of the removed slate is indicated by
boring from above one or more small holes through the exposed portion of the boarding.
:

page_text: The new slate is then placed, and marked by boring suitable holes from below through
the boards to indicate the place or places for the insertion of the rivets in the slate."
The slate being then removed and punched the rivets are inserted and the slate
being replaced pegs inserted into the holes in the boarded roof are screwed into the
threaded portions of the rivets and so secure the slate in its position.
D
T
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Replacing Broken Slates and Appliances
for that Purpose.
I, GEORGE PADDOCK, of Ynychir, Glandovey, in the County of Cardigan,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
:-
In slating a roof it is usual to so arrange the slates that they overlap one another,
the nails for securing the slates of one row being covered by the overlapping parts
of the slates above so as to prevent percolation of water through the nail holes. Con-
sequently when a slate becomes broken or drops off it is very difficult to replace it
with a new slate without removing the slates above quite up to the ridge. Heretofore
such replaced slates have been fastened in position by means of bent strips of lead or
zinc, or by nails introduced below the lap of the slate immediately above it, covering
or bedding the head of the nail in a waterproof material, but these means of fastening
have not been found to be waterproof.
According to my invention I replace a slate by the use of appliances such as I shall
describe referring to the accompanying drawings.
I provide a rivet such as is shewn in section by Fig. 1 and in plan looking from
below by Fig. 2, having a broad flat head A, a square shank B and four Haps C
projecting down from the shank the metal being sufficiently flexible to allow of the
Haps C being bent at right angles as indicated by the dotted lines C¹.
In the centre of the rivet there is a screwed hole to fit a screw pin D shewn at
Fig. 7.
Instead of making the rivet in one piece, it may be made as shewn by Figs. 3 and 4
which are sections on planes at right angles to one another, and Fig. 5 which is a
plan.

page_text: The rivet in this case has its head A and shank B in one piece and on each side
of the shank is a rectangular liole E.
A strip F of flexible metal is bent into the form of a staple as shewn in perspective
by Fig. 6, and the two limbs and the staple are passed through the holes E so as
to project beyond the shank B as flaps that can be bent at right angles as indicated
at F Fig. 4.
The rivet formed in either of the ways described is applied to the slate as shewn
in section by Fig. 8, that is to say the shank and flaps are passed through a hole of
the slate S and the flaps are bent up to the underside of the slate so that the rivet is
secured in position. The pin D is then screwed from below int the rivet, this pin
resting against the upper edge of the lath W, or being passed through a hole of the
wood in the case of a boarded roof. The position of the hole in the slate to receive
the rivet is determined in the following manner. The new slate being held in its
proper position, a person inside the roof draws on it a line along the upper edge of
the lath on which it is to rest. hole to receive the rivet is then made in the slate at
this line or two such holes may be made. The rivet being then secured in each hole
the slate is replaced on the roof and the person inside screws into each the pin D.
When the roof is boarded several small holes are bored from outside through the
exposed part at a predetermined distance below the place where the rivet should be.
A hole is then bored from inside at the proper distance from these, and the slate
being placed in position a tool passed from inside through this hole makes a mark
on the slate for the hole to receive the rivet. The rivet being then fixed in the slate,
and the slate replaced, the person inside passes the pin D through the hole in the
board and screws it into the rivet.
Although I have described a screw pin and a rivet with screwed hole to receive it
as the surest means of fixing the slate, a spring split pin or a pin fitting tightly a
plain hole in the rivet may obviously be employed in the manner described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The herein described method of replacing a broken slate by fixing in it a rivet
having a hole, placing the slate in position, and from inside the roof engaging in the
hole of the rivet a pin which rests against the edge of a lath or passes through a board
of the roof.
2. The herein described construction of rivet and pin for fixing a slate in the manner
referred to in the preceding claim.