Improvements in the Manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch, or Ingrain Carpets.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 15th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 16th May, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch, or
Ingrain Carpets.
We, THOMAS Fox NAYLOR, and ARTHUR NAYLOR, of Green Street,
Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to two, two and one half, and three ply ingrain carpets, in
which both the warp and weft threads are employed in producing the pattern,
design, or colour effect of the carpet. Thus the warp threads not only act as
binders or binding threads, but also with the weft threads-help to make the
pattern; and our invention is an improvement upon the inventions described in
J. S. & S. Smith's Specifications, No. 4908 of 1881, and No. 2964 of 1888.
In carrying our invention into effect we employ a Jacquard machine, as referred
to in the above mentioned Specifications, in which every thread of warp is governed
by a separate needle. We use two colours of warp, as for example black and
yellow, so that one half black is used for the ground colour, and the other half
yellow for the figure or design; and in addition we use a single colour of weft
(sometimes called "self-coloured") on the upper surface, both for the ground and
for the figure part of the design. For example, wherever the ground colour is
required to appear, the black warp comes over the weft as the binder, and
wherever the figure is required to appear the yellow warp is brought over the weft
as the binder; so that the warps besides acting as the binders or foundation of the
carpet also produce the pattern. In further illustration of our invention, if a plain
peacock blue weft is employed and the black warp is brought over it, the blue tint
is darkened, but wherever the yellow warp is brought over the blue weft the tint
appears lighter, thus producing a well known colour effect by the means described.
From this it will appear that the black warp over the peacock blue weft produces
the ground portion of the design; and the yel'ow warp over the same coloured
weft produces the figure portion of the design; but it should be understood that
we do not confine ourselves to these or to any particular set of colours; nor to the
employment of only two colours of warp threads, as we may combine three colours
or sets of warp over the weft to produce three or more colour effects, in the same
manner as that described for two."
Moreover we sometimes produce a ribbed appearance across the fabric in the
following manner. When stamping the cards, we stamp for every fourth shot of
weft on the back to come up to the surface for short intervals alternately; that is,
say one half inch in length up and one half inch in length down, alternately along
every fourth weft throughout its entire length; while the other three wefts remain
on the back throughout their entire lengths. The said fourth back weft is
preferably of the same colour as the plain self-coloured mate.l surface weft so as
not to show a change of colour at that part of the surface design or colour effect,
while yet imparting a ribbed appearance. This method of stamping further
produces a comparatively solid cloth by binding the top and bottom surfaces
together, and enables us to have designs with large open spaces in ground and
figure.
When producing the ribbed appearance or in binding the two webs together,
just mentioned, we do not confine ourselves to stamping the card for every fourth
shot of the back weft to come to the surface, as we sometimes make use of every

page_text: second back weft, or every third, or fifth, or any other back weft, as the case may
be, according to the width or space between the ribs desired, or the amount of
binding the two webs together that may be desired; nor do we confine ourselves to
intervals of half an inch in length of the weft on back and front, as any other
interval may be adopted. Furthermore, when a plain ribbed surface is required,
(that is without a figure design), we may use a warp one half of which is a plain
colour to harmonize with the weft that is used on the surface, and the other half
a common warp for the back, such as cotton, or jute, or other cheap material, in
order to produce a cheaper fabric.
This improved carpet may be made reversible or not, as desired; that is, when
all four wefts are of the same colour, the warp effect that gives the figure colour
on the face or upper surface gives the ground colour on the back; while the warp
effect that gives the ground colour on the face,-gives-the figure colour on the back.
In-making-a-non-reversible or single face carpet each alternate weft on the back
may be of some colour or material not used on the face, which enables us to
cheapen the cost of production.
Dated this 14th day of June 1895
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Kidderminster, Scotch, or
Ingrain Carpets.
We, THOMAS Fox NAYLOR, and ARTHUR NAYLOR, of Green Street,
Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention relates to two, two and one half, and three ply carpets in which
both the warp and weft threads are employed in producing the pattern, design, or
colour effect of the carpet. Thus the warp threads not only act as binders or
binding threads, but also-with the weft threads-help to make the pattern; and
our invention is an improvement upon the inventions described in J. S. & S. Smith's
Specifications to Letters Patent No. 4908 of 1881, and No. 2964 of 1888.
In the further description of our invention reference is made to the accom-
panying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a plan of a two ply fabric, showing the manner in which the warps are
used to produce the pattern on the face of the fabric, the thick and thin lines
indicating two different colours of warp, and the dotted lines at right angles thereto
indicating the several shots of weft.
Fig. 2 is an edge view or elevation of the two ply fabric, corresponding to the
bottom of Fig. 1 the circles indicating the warp threads, and the two continuous
lines the shots of weft. This shows how the self coloured binder wefts cross.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line y-y in Fig. 2, and approximately on
the line of Fig. 1; showing the wefts only; while Fig. 4 is a section on the
line of Fig. 1, showing the binder warps reversed.
Fig. 5 is an edge view or elevation (corresponding to Fig. 2) of a three ply
fabric, the circles indicating the warp threads, and the three continuous lines the
shots of weft; a transverse section thereto being given by Fig. 6. A two and
one half ply fabric is similar to the three ply fabric as shown, but with every other
weft of the middle layer omitted.
In carrying our invention into effect, we employ a Jacquard machine, as referred
to in the above mentioned Specifications, in which every thread of warp is governed

page_text: by a separate needle. We use two colours of warp, a and b, as for example black
(indicated by a) and yellow (indicated by b); so that one half, black, is used for
the ground colour, and the other half, yellow, for the figure or design. In addition,
we use a single colour of weft c (sometimes called "self-coloured") on the upper-
surface, both for the ground, and for the figure part of the design, as shown in:
Fig. 2. For example, wherever the ground colour is required to appear, the
black warp a comes over the self-coloured weft c as the binder; and wherever the
figure is required to appear, the yellow warp b is brought over the self-coloured
weft c as the binder; so that the warps a and b besides acting as the binders or
foundation of the carpet, also produce the pattern.
In further illustration of our invention, if a plain peacock blue weft c be
employed and the black warp a be brought over it, the blue tint is darkened; but
wherever the yellow warp 6 is brought over the blue weft c, the tint appears-
lighter; thus producing a well-known colour effect by the means described. From-
this it will appear that the black warp a, over the peacock blue weft c, produces-
the ground portion of the design, and the yellow warp b over the same coloured
weft c produces the figure portion of the design; but it should be understood that
we do not confine ourselves to the aforesaid or any other particular set of colours; .
nor to the employment of only two colours of warp threads, as we sometimes.
combine three colours or sets of warp over the weft to produce three or more.
colour effects, in the same manner as that above described for two.
Moreover, we sometimes produce a ribbed appearance across the fabric in the
following manner. When stamping the cards, we stamp for every fourth shot of
weft on the back to come up to the surface for short intervals alternately; that is,..
for instance, one half inch in length up and one half inch in length down,...
alternately, along every fourth weft throughout its entire length (as indicated in
Fig. 3), while the other three wefts remain on the back throughout their entire.
length. The said fourth back weft is preferably of the same colour as the plain.
self-coloured mated weft on the surface, so as not to show a change of colour at .
that part of the surface design or colour effect, while yet imparting a ribbed
appearance. This method of stamping further produces a comparatively solid
cloth by binding the top and bottom surfaces together, and enables us to have.
designs with large open spaces in ground and figure.
In producing the ribbed appearance, or in binding the two webs together just
mentioned, we do not restrict ourselves to stamping the card for every fourth shot.
of the back weft to come to the surface, as we sometimes inake use of every second
back weft, or every third or fifth, as the case may be according to the width and
space desired between the ribs; or the relative amount of binding the two webs
together that may be desired; nor do we confine ourselves to intervals of half an
inch in length of the weft on back and front, as any other suitable. interval may be-
adopted instead. Furthermore, when a plain ribbed surface is required, that is,.
without a figure design, we may use a warp one half of which is a plain colour to
harmonize with the weft that is used on the surface, and the other half a common:
warp for the back, such as cotton, or jute, or other cheap material, in order to
produce a cheaper fabric.
Our improved carpet may be made reversible or not, as desired; that is, when.
all four wefts are of the same colour the warp effect that gives the figure colour on:
the face or upper surface, gives the ground colour on the back; while the warp.
effect that gives the ground colour on the face, gives the figure colour on the back..
But in making a non-reversible or single face carpet, each alternate weft on the
back may be of some colour or material not used on the face, which enables us.
to cheapen the cost of production.
It is to be understood that in referring to the binding together of the two webs-
or upper and lower plies, when producing the ribbed appearance above mentioned,..
we do not claim anything described and claimed in the Specification to Letters-
Patent No. 14410 of 1888, to which we are parties, nor to the aforesaid.
Specifications of J. S. and S. Smith.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The herein described improvements in the manufacture of Kidderminster,
Scotch, or ingrain carpets, consisting of the combination of two or more colours of
warp threads with a single colour of weft threads arranged and adapted to produce
both ground and figure portions of the design, substantially as and for the purpose
specified and shown by the drawings.
2. The herein described improvements in the manufacture of Kidderminster,
Scotch, or ingrain carpets, consisting of the combination of two or more colours of
warp threads with a single colour of weft threads arranged and adapted to produce
both ground and figure portions of the design by the alternative use of the said
coloured warp threads over single_coloured-weft, whereby the said warp threads
-act-both as pattern producing and binding warps, substantially as and for the
purpose specified and shown by the drawings.
3. The herein described improvements in the manufacture of Kidderminster,
Scotch, or ingrain carpets consisting of the combination of two or more colours of
warp threads with a single colour of weft threads arranged and adapted to produce
both ground and figure portions of the design by the alternative use of the said
coloured warp threads over single coloured weft, the concurrent raising and
lowering of shots of weft at regular intervals, whereby the said warp threads act
both as pattern producing and binding warps, and a ribbed appearance is imparted
to the fabric, substantially as and for the purpose specified and shown by the
drawings.
4. The herein described improvements in the manufacture of Kidderminster,
Scotch, or ingrain carpets consisting of the combination of two or more colours of
warp threads with a single colour of weft threads arranged and adapted to produce
both ground and figure portions of the design, and the concurrent raising and
lowering of shots of weft at regular intervals to produce a ribbed appearance and
to bind together the top and bottom surfaces or plies, substantially as and for the
purpose specified and shown by the drawings.
Dated this 15th day of April 1896.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433 Strand, London, Agents for the Applicants.