IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act:)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1857.
I, JOHN GEORGE TAYLOR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Merchant,,
.do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WRITING MATERIALS," to be as follows:-.
Fig. 1 is an atmospheric inkstand. A is a hollow flexible ball, composed of
india-rubber or other elastic material, having an opening at C; B is a cord or
spring, so placed around. or over the ball A as to cause, when pulled or pressed,
:compression of the ball, and, vice versa, expansion when released. By com-
pression the ink D is forced into the cup E.. The expansion of the ball
withdraws the ink from E. In this method I use globes, cones, or tubes
of india-rubber for same purpose, and do not confine myself .to. the one
arrangement, as shewn, as the pressure may be obtained in many ways, and
5 the india-rubber placed inside the cylinder F, F, &c.
No. 1 shews another method of obtaining the ink by.pressure of cone, tube,
or ball ofindia-rubber: A, A, is a moveable cup; B, B, cone or ball, of
india-rubber or other flexible material; C, C, is a . cord or spring, &c., so
placed over B, B, that when pulled it will force the air down the opening

page_text: D, D, and cause the ink to flow into A, A. The ball or cone may be wholly
or partially covered, and the compression caused in various ways.
Fig. 2 shews another application of india-rubber or other such flexible
material to inkstands. "G is a ball, cone, or tube, with an aperture at H,
through which by means of a tube the ink ascends into the cup I. There are
various methods of obtaining the same result when the ink is either wholly or
partially contained in the elastic material, namely, by direct or lateral pressure,
by direct slow or quick screw pressure, by lateral pressure with cords, springs,
&c., or by top or bottom ratchet or screw lever pressure. I have chosen to show
a bottom lever screw pressure. K is a cup at bottom of G; L is the lever,
resting upon pivot N, which said lever is raised or depressed by the action
of the lever bar at M.
Fig. 3 shews a self-feeding atmospheric penholder. 0, 0, 0, is composed of
aluminium or hard rubber, or any similar gummy substance; these two
materials being light and not so liable to corrode. There is an opening at P
and at Q. The tube is supplied with ink at Q by withdrawing the atmosphere
at P, and thereby causing a vacuum. The holder with pen nib S is then
slipped to O, the point Q inclining to the nib S will keep it supplied with ink;
or O, O, as at Fig. 4, may be used as a pen when charged with ink, as b
as before
described. The dotted lines T, T, shew a guard balance, which can be
supplied to every description of penholder, to prevent soiling the fingers or table
cover, &c. &c.; they may be composed of aluminium or any other metal, cork,
hard india-rubber, or a soft globe of india-rubber, pearl, wood, and any other
substance or combination thereof, and a piece of pierced rubber, very thin,
may be used to run the penholder through, as at V in Fig. 9: The small globe
of india-rubber has a pneumatic action, and is contracted when in use, but
expands immediately the pressure is withdrawn and balances the penholder...
Fig. 4 represents a guard and pen made out of the: samé piéce of metal.
Q is a socket; X is a cylinder, either plain or pierced, which cylinder is made
by pressure, and thus forms a circular guard; it can be made of various sizes,
and of gold, silver, steel, and other metals, or combination thereof, and can be
used with the atmospheric or ordinary penholders...
"Fig. 5 shews a balance double penholder made out, of one or more pieces.of
the same material.
Figs. 6 and 7 shew the method of cutting the rubber, pearl, &c. at U, so
that two pens can be in the holder at same time, and thereby enabling the
writer to use red or black ink; or ordinary and copying ink, without change of
holder
.'
9
:

page_text: Fig. 8 shews a circular balance guard made of india-rubber, cork, and
hollow rubber, &c. &c., or parts or combinations thereof. No. 9 is a conical
form. At V is shewn the application of a piece of rubber; this tightens
the holder when pushed through it. I do not confine myself to any form or
material for these balance guards, but make them of various forms and every
suitable material.