IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS, AND IN SASHES OR GLAZED FRAMES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brittain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1880.
HENRY BRITTAIN, of the Firm of S. Brittain and Son, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOWS, AND IN
SASHES OR GLAZED FRAMES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in windows
and sashes or glazed frames for cabs, carriages, show cases, cabinets, and other
articles, and in apparatus connected with the said windows and sashes or glazed
frames.
My said Invention consists in part of additions to and modifications of the
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the 18th day of
September 1876, No. 3648.
In addition to the provision made in my said Patent for holding and securing
the glass with putty in the metallic frame I make the following modifications in
the parts for effecting the glazing of the frame:-In the hollow or trough of the
frame (the web being omitted). I fit a hollow metal sheath or tube flat on the
upper side, and having an open joint for the insertion in it of a strip of folded india
rubber or other elastic substance. The elastic strip is so folded and pressed into
the hollow of the sheath or tube as to leave two unequal edges free, the sheath is
then pressed into the trough of the glazing frame. To hold the sheath or tube in
this position I make an outer sheath or half tube having the two edges bent
inwards, so that when pressed over the outside of the trough one of the bent edges
overlaps the edge of the trough and a part of the inner sheath, the other edge
being sprung over a small projection made on the outside of the trough itself, thus
securing together both the inuer and outer sheaths. The top of the outer sheath is
When
constructed to receive a veneer of wood or metal for finishing the surface.
an inner sheath cannot be used, I secure the elastic substance in the trough by
providing the outer sheath with an edge made wide enough to press the folded
india rubber against the side of the trough or glazing frame. The india rubber
thus held requires the lower part to be turned down to form the base for the glass
to rest upon, and the upper part of the inclia rubber is folded upon the glass, thereby
completely covering its edge. In order to press the india rubber strip. firmly
against the glass to secure the latter, I make the bar constituting part of the

page_text: glazing frame with overlapping or lateral edges at top so as to form a continuous
slot through the whole length of the frame in place of the slots described in my
Patent before referred to, and the knuckles on the glazing bar are made through
its whole length to fit in the slot formed in the glazing frame. I also reverse the
position of the slot and knuckle by making the slot in the bar and the knuckle on
the glazing frame.
The improved frame described I use as a metal rebate or sash by perforating
and countersinking the bar all round to receive wood screws; the frame can then
be applied to the wood framing of broughams, cabs, omnibuses, railway and other
carriages, show cases and cabinets, and the like.
The side windows of cabs and railway and other carriages may be constructed of
the improved metal rebate or sash, the said side windows being either fixed or
capable of opening.
When the frames are to be hinged I make at the junction of the bar and
trough or head of the glazing frame a tubular projection made of the same piece of
metal, the said tubular projection being formed into the hinge and strengthened by
a strip of metal on the inside.
In applying my present Invention to the sliding windows of carriage heads, I
construct the outer frames and the inner or sliding frames and the parts connected
therewith in the following manner:-In making the outer sheet metal frames I
form the small trough and the light hollow bar referred to in my former Patent in
one piece, the vertical web and trough piece having a double angular face or two
flat faces constituting the pulley stile, or that part on which the glazed frame slides,
so that one sash can move in front of the other. These stiles I fix to the light
hollow bar and small trough parallel to the face to form the outer casing. I make
the inner sliding glazed metallic frame or sash of the window hollow or tubular,
the outer edge being angular, and having a figure the counterpart of that of the
angular stile of the fixed frame upon which it works. The inner edge of the sliding
frame I make substantially the same for the glazing and reglazing as described in
my Patent before referred to, with the modifications herein described, to hold the
elastic lining.
i
Or I make the inner edge of a trough form, fitted with a sheath having the edges
bent over to clip the edges of the trough to strengthen it. The hollow of the
sheath forms the recess to hold the glass and glazing substance. The parts of the
sash constituting this kind of glazing frame are secured together by angle or
elbow pieces, and screws so that the sash can be taken to pieces for glazing and
reglazing.
To prevent the rattling of the sliding frames in the fixed outer frames, I attach
to the stiles of the sliding frames friction or pressing shoes, acted upon by springs,
the said shoes being so connected with a thumb bit or handle, that the act of
grasping the said thumb bit depresses one or more of the friction or pressing shoes,
and allows the sliding sashes to move freely on the stiles.
. When the glazed frames are hinged to the vertical webs, as in the Patent before
referred to, I prefer to use the modification of the light hollow bar and small trough
herein before described.
To secure the hinged glazed frame in the fixed outer frame I use the following
modification of my patent tubular bolts :--The bottom of the guide tube is jointed
to the bottom of the fixed frame at the sides. The bolt tube is also jointed to each
side of the hinged frame near the hinge. In the guide tube is a coiled spring which
abuts against the bottom of the guide on one side, and against the end of the bolt
tube on the other side. The joints on the hinged and fixed frames are arranged in
such positions that when the hinged frame is closed the coiled spring acting against
the end of the bolt tube presses it firmly against the fixed frame, and when opened
presses it against stops.
I apply the same kind of metallic sliding and hinged windows to the fronts of
broughams and other like carriages, with the appliances before described for
glazing, preventing rattling, and holding the sliding sashes.

page_text: For the back windows, other fixed or moveable, of broughams and other carriages,
I modify the screw attachments to admit of an intermediate plate being secured to
the body of the carriage by woodscrews; I also apply the glazing arrangements and
the modified spring bolts for holding the moveable frames in an open or closed
position.
I apply my improvements to the sliding or hinged sashes or glazed frames of
show and other cases, and cabinets, substantially in the manner already described
with respect to carriages.
In applying metallic windows to railway and other carriage-doors, I make the
sliding sashes of the frames with bevilled or square edges to work on bevilled or
square stiles in the frame of the door, the glazing and reglazing of the sliding sashes
being effected as already described.
For the purpose of retaining the sliding sash or window of the carriage door in
the position to which it may have been brought I make one of the stiles in the
door case loose, and joint it at top to the door case, the back of the loose stile
being acted upon by a spring to force it against the bearing edge of the sash or ·
window.
To release the sliding sash, the loose or moveable stile is so acted by a cranked
lever operated upon by the strap in raising the sash that the stile is forced from the
said sash and the latter may be raised. To open the sliding sash, the cranked lever
is acted upon by a thumb bit near the meeting rail. As the sash has motion only
in one plane a moveable fence rail is used with it. This fence rail consists of strips
of metal jointed and screwed to the meeting rail, the said fence rail being brought
into position by the action of the bottom of the sash or window when the latter is
raised to its full extent. The sash may be held in any required position by friction
shoes of the kind before described.
When the improved glazed sash or window is used like an ordinary carriage
window, and is required to be moved backwards and forwards over the fence rail,
in order to prevent noise or rattle, I recess with circular indentations the edge of
the sash to receive elastic discs to work against the stile; I also use for the same
purpose metal bow springs, running the whole length of the case of the door, and
fitting the vertical face of the pulley stile. These springs are kept in position by a
bar of metal.
.
When this arrangement is required to retain the window in any given position
I attach to the middle of the bar connecting the said springs a vertical lever acted
upon by a spring which forcibly presses the bar and bow springs against the sash
or window in contact with the pulley stile. By pressing the lever inwards by a
handle the sash is relieved of the pressure and is allowed to fall. The strap passes
over the head of the lever, and when the strap is pulled for raising the window
the lever is forced back and the sash is free to move upwards.
The appliances herein described are also applicable to sashes made entirely of
metal, and to wood frames fitted with the metal sash or rebate herein before
described.
In applying metallic windows to the fronts of hansom cabs I make them according
to my patented Invention before referred to. I also make them with a compound
or double arrangement of the improved glazing frame or sash rail before described,
the inner edge being used to hold the glass and the outer edge and elastic packing
to shut against the framing of the cab.
The two parts of which the window is composed are jointed to each other by
the middle sash rail. I effect this by making a tubular projection on the body of
each sash bar from the same piece of metal, the said projections being jointed
together.
In a like manner the top sash rail of the window is hinged to the wood, one part
being drilled and countersunk and secured to the framing of the cab by wood
screws. The lower corners of the bottom window are furnished with projecting
studs on which are mounted rollers travelling upon moveable stiles or guide rods
within the cab on each side. The said moveable stiles or guide rods are jointed at

page_text: the bottom to the front of the cab and are constructed on the principle of the
modified bolt before described.
To the side of the sash of the upper part of the window is attached a double eye
to which cords are fastened for the purpose of raising and lowering the window,
which is effected in the following way:-The cord to raise the window passes over
a pulley fixed to the inside of the roof, and across the cab through a hole in the
back near the driver. The cord to lower the window is fastened to the bottom eye
and passes over à pulley fixed to near the middle of the front part of the framing
of the cab, across and out through the back near the upper cord. To the free ends
of these cords bandles are attached, which also act as stops when the window is
closed from the inside. By this arrangement the fare and driver have. equal control
to close or open the window, which is effected by the handles from the outside and
by the cords from the inside.
I also make the windows capable of being opened and closed in the ordinary way
by a cord attached to the lower window working in fixed stiles, with springs in the
sides to retain it in a closed position.