AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND MACHINERY FOR REDUCING DADIRIKA Cre DACY A AVATAGONG MATERIATO FOR REDUCING OR PULVERIZING CLAY, ROCK, AND ANALOGOUS MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Culwell Anderson, of the City of Chicago, in the
County of Cook and State of Illinois, in the United States of America, for an
Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND MACHINERY FOR REDUCING
DADIRIKA Cre DACY A
AVATAGONG MATERIATO"
PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by the said James Colwell Anderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1881.
JAMES COLWELL ANDERSON, of the City of Chicago, in the County of Cook
and State of Illinois, in the United States of America. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
AND MACHINERY FOR REDUCING OR PULVERIZING CLAY, ROCK, AND ANALOGOUS
MATERIALS."
The object of my Invention is the speedy reduction of clay shale, feldspathic,
and granitic rocks and other like substances into a fine powder, and according to
the said Invention I provide means by which violent centrifugal attrition-currents
are generated and utilized, whereby clay shale, plastic clay (when dry), and the
hardest feldspathic, granitic, and quartz rock are rapidly and at one operation
reduced to an exceedingly fine powder.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a shell made of cast-iron
when clay-alluvium or clay shales are to be disintegrated, and of steel castings
when the harder substances are to be treated. This shell is formed of several parts
fitted snugly together at their flange edges, and secured firmly in place by screw
bolts. Some of these parts when in place and set in position for use form essentially
two vertical cylinders, thirty inches long by fourteen inches inside diameter, having
walls one inch in thickness, and joined side to side with their two contiguous sides
cut away, forming in horizontal cross section a figure 8, and terminating at the
lower end in a suitable flange for a base plate upon which the mechanism rests.
This double cylindrical shell determines the size of the mechanism, which may
however be made of any suitable size, but the above example of size I have found
in practical use to be well adapted to the purposes named. A series of pro-
jections or arms are formed as a part of the shell extending inwardly within the

page_text: cylinders to the length of about three and one half (3/2) inches, the use of which
arms or projections will be hereinafter more fully described. Another of the said
parts which forms the upper portion of the shell is in the form of two hemispherical
domes joined side to side, and made to fit to the said cylindrical parts of the shell.
A pediment is formed on the side of the said upper part so as to provide a door or
opening in the shell at this point in such a manner that a hinged metallic door will
remain closed by its own gravity, except when such gravity is overcome by the
pressure of the materials to be reduced within a chute which is hinged to the shell
and supported at the other end by a brace, the brace being hinged to the outer
end of the chute and supported upon graduated keepers.
"
The bottom or lower part of the shell is in the form of an oblong inverted
hollow cone, forming a funnel-like shed for the reduced materials to pass by their
own gravity through an opening. Sleeved openings are formed in this part of the
shell to allow shafts to have their bearings beneath the shell, and at the same
time to prevent the escape of the powdered materials through; such openings upon
the bearings. Collars are placed upon the shafts as a further protection to the journal
bearings from any dust that may escape between the sleeves and the shafts; these
bearings are secured rigidly to this lower part of the shell, and are provided with
suitable shoes and oil-reservoirs to protect the journals at the high speed
required to be maintained in the operation. Journal boxes are formed on this part
of the shell to provide the upper journal bearings for the said shafts. These boxes
are babbitted and provided with movable caps, the said shafts are thus journalled
to the shell in a vertical position, passing longitudinally through the centre of each
of the joined cylinders of the shell. Internal cylinders corresponding to the shafts
are cast from the same materials as the shell, and made to conform in length to
said shell, and are about seven (7) inches in diameter; these cylinders are cast hollow,
and bored out to permit the shafts to pass through them longitudinally, and to
be firmly secured thereto by suitable keys.
Projections are cast as a part of these internal cylinders, and are formed of a
suitable length to extend outwardly in close proximity to the diameter of the two
circular openings of the shell in which said cylinders are located, which gives a
length of arms of about three and one half (3/2) inches, conforming to the length of
the aforesaid projections or arms of the shell, which latter arms extend to a like
distance from the shell of the cylinder, in which position the arms or projections
of the two cylinders overlap each other in like manner so as to bring the ends of
the respective arms so close to the shell as to clear them only in the revolutions of
the cylinders, and the arms of the cylinders are spaced to alternate with each other,
allowing sufficient clearance space between each of the arins and its opposite one to
prevent their clashing together when rotating, and like alternations are provided
between the arms of the cylinders and of the shell. These projections or arms of both
the shell and the cylinders are set in horizontal rows, but are out of a vertical plane
from the working side of the arms, so that the longitudinal rows of the arms converge
toward each other downwards in such manner as to intersect and cross each other in
the reducing operation, by which means the materials will be operated upon by the
arms in detail. Suitable flanged pulleys are provided for driving the mechanism,
which pulleys are secured rigidly to the top of the shafts, and are rotated by belts
from suitable power at a high speed, which may be varied to suit the materials to
be reduced; the softer materials named are made fine at from ten to twelve
hundred revolutions per minute, but in the reduction of the harder substances as
many as twenty three bundred revolutions per minute may be required.
In the operation the materials to be disintegrated are shovelled into the chute,
which is made adjustable so as to be set at a suitable pitch to allow the materials
to pass into the mechanism at a slow gravity, thus securing a regularity of feed,
the door being hinged to yield to such gravity, and to present only such opening
as may be necessary to admit the charge as above described, and to prevent the
undue escape of materials or dust. It will be seen that were the mechanism to
stand at rest the materials would freely pass by their own gravity through the

page_text: same, and be discharged through the openings at the bottom intact; but in the
operation of the external cylinders the gravity of the materials is impeded by the
horizontal rotation of the armed cylinders, and made to take the direction of such
rotation; but the horizontal inertia is overcome sufficiently by the gravity of the
material to cause the current to bend downward, thus forming numerous spiral
currents. These currents being generated and actuated by the high peripherical
speed of the armed cylinders moving in opposite directions are brought into violent
collision with each other at the intersecting point of the two cylinders, and are
thus made to act upon and disintegrate each other; meantime, a like but less
violent action takes place upon the materials by the outward thrust of the centri-
fugal force from the rotating cylinders, and the inward curbing centripetal impact
of the surrounding circular formed shell, and the further disintegrating attrition
force incident to the interlacing of the stationary arms of the shell with the
rotating arms of the cylinders, and the arms of the respective cylinders with each
other.
The cohesion of the materials is also destroyed by the explosive force generated
by rapid rotation, and the alternate vacuum and air currents actuated by the
mechanism.

page_text: "
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Colwell Anderson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th February 1882.
JAMES COLWELL ANDERSON, of the City of Chicago, in the County of Cook
and State of Illinois, in the United States of America. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
AND MACHINERY FOR REDUCING OR PULVERIZING CLAY, ROCK, AND ANALOGOUS
MATERIALS."
The object of my Invention is the speedy reduction of clay shale, feldspathic,
and granitic rocks, and other like substances into a fine powder.
The said Invention consists in the novel construction and arrangement of the
mechanism, hereinafter fully described, by which violent centrifugal attrition
currents are produced and utilized, so that clay shale, plastic clay (when dry), and
the hardest feldspathic granitic and quartz rock are rapidly and at one operation
reduced into an exceedingly fine powder.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 is a perspective view of the mechanism,
showing part of the outer shell thrown open; Figure 2 is a vertical central section ;
and Figure 3 a horizontal section of the same.
The shell A is formed of cast iron when clay alluvium or clay shales are to be
disintegrated, and of cast steel when the harder substances are to be treated. This
shell is formed of integral parts a¹, a³, and 61, 63, these parts are fitted snugly
together at their flange edges, and secured firmly in place by the screw-bolts c
passing through the holes c'. The parts a¹, a², when placed or set in position for
use form essentially two vertical cylinders, whose contiguous sides are cut away,
so that in horizontal section they may have the form of the figure 8. The said
sides terminate at the lower end in a flange X, which serves as a base-plate upon
which the mechanism rests. It has been found in practice that an apparatus
whose cylinders are thirty inches long by fourteen inches internal diameter, and
whole walls are one inch in thickness, is well adapted to the purposes of my
Invention. The double cylindrical shell determines the size of the mechanism,
which may however be made of any suitable size. A series of arms or projections D
are formed as a part of the sheel and extend inwardly within the cylinders for the
purpose hereinafter described; the length of these arms or projections is preferably
about three and one half (3) inches. The part 6' which forms the upper part of
the shell A is in the form of two hemispherical domes, joined side to side, and
adapted to correspond with the parts a', a³, of the shell.
A pediment or extension e' is formed on the side of the part 6¹ and surrounds a
metallic door E opening into the shell at this point in such a manner that the said
door being hinged at e³ will remain closed by its own gravity, except when such
gravity is overcome by the pressure of the materials to be reduced, which are
placed within the chute F. This chute is hinged or pivoted at one end to the shell
at f¹, and is supported at the other end by the brace H, which is hinged to the
outer end of the said chute at h¹, and may be supported in any one of a series of
graduated notches or teeth h². The part 6* or bottom of the shell A has the form
of an oblong inverted hollow cone, constituting a funnel-like passage through which
the reduced materials pass by their own gravity to the discharge opening J.
Sleeves m, m, are formed in this part of the shell to allow the shafts N to have
their bearings o, o, beneath the said shell, and at the same time to prevent the
access of the powdered materials to the bearings. Collars p are placed upon the
said shafts to further protect the journal-bearings from any dust that may escape
between the sleeves and the said shafts. The bearings o, o, are secured rigidly to
the part 6 of the shell, and are provided with suitable shoes and oil-reservoirs to
protect the journals at the high speed required to be maintained in the reducing or

page_text: pulverizing operations. S¹, S', represent journal boxes formed on the part 6¹ of the
shell, and adapted to provide the upper journal-bearings for the shafts N. These
boxes are "babbited" and provided with movable caps St. The shafts N are thus
journalled to the shell A in a vertical position and pass longitudinally through
the centre of each of the cylinders formed by the junction of the parts a¹, a², of the
shell. Cylinders T corresponding to the shafts N are cast from the same materials
as the shell A, and made to conform in length to the said shell, they being about
seven (7) inches in diameter; these cylinders Tare cast hollow and bored out to
permit the shafts N to pass through them longitudinally and be firmly secured
thereto by suitable keys. Arms or projections I are cast as a part of these
cylinders T, and are formed of a suitable length to extend outwardly in close
proximity to the interior surface of the two circular openings of the shell A, in
which the said cylinders are located; these arms are therefore about three and one
half (31) inches in length, conforming to the length of the arms or projections D of
the shell A, which latter arms extend to a like distance from the shell. The arms of
the two cylinders are so arranged as to overlap each other, so as to bring the ends
of the respective arms so close to the shells as to clear them only in the revolutions
of the said cylinders, and the said arms are also so arranged or spaced as to alternate
with each other, allowing sufficient clearance or space between each of the arms
and its approximately opposite one to prevent their clashing together when rotating.
Similar alternations are provided between the arms of the cylinders and of the
shell. These arms or projections of both the shell and the cylinders are set in
horizontal rows, but are battered out of a vertical plane from the working side of
the arms, so that the longitudinal rows of the arms converge towards each other
downwards in such a manner as to intersect and cross each other in the reducing
operations.
Suitable flanged pulleys V are provided for driving the mechanism, which
pulleys are secured rigidly to the upper end of the shafts N, N, and are rotated by
belts from suitable power producing mechanism at a high speed, which may be
varied to suit the materials to be reduced, the softer materials named are reduced
to a perfectly fine state at from ten to twelve hundred revolutions per minute;
but in the reduction of the harder substances as many as twenty three hundred
revolutions per minute may be required. In the operation of the machine the
materials to be disintegrated are shoveled into the chute F, which chute is made
adjustable, so as to be set at a suitable pitch to allow the materials to pass into the
machine slowly, thus securing a regularity of feed. The door E is hinged to yield
to such gravity, and to present only such opening as may be necessary to admit
the charge as above described, and to prevent the undue escape of the materials or
dust. It will be seen that if the machine were to stand at rest the materials would
freely pass by their own gravity through the same, and be discharged through the
openings at the bottom intact; but when the cylinders Tare rotated in the direction
of the arrows the descent of the materials is impeded by the horizontal rotation of the
armed cylinders and caused to take the direction of such rotation; the horizontal
inertia however is overcome sufficiently by the gravity of the material to cause the
current to tend downward, thus forming numerous spiral currents.
These currents, being produced and actuated by the high peripherical speed of
the armed cylinders moving in opposite directions, are brought into violent collision
with each other at the intersecting point of the two cylinders, and are thus made
to impinge upon and disintegrate each other; meantime a similar but less violent
contact takes place upon the materials by the outward thrust of the centrifugal
force from the rotating cylinders and the inward curbing centripetal impact of the
surrounding circular formed shell and the further disintegrating attrition force
incident to the interlacing of the stationary arms of the shell with the rotating
arms of the cylinders, and the arms of the respective cylinders with each other.
The cohesion of the materials is also destroyed by the explosive force generated
by rapid rotation and the alternate vacuum and air currents produced by the
mechanism.

page_text: Having thus described my said Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is,-
1st. A reducing or disintegrating machine, having two upright cylinders T
provided with arms I, acting in conjunction with each other within a shell made to
conform to the outer periphery of the said armed cylinders, which are arranged to
be rotated at a high rate of speed, substantially as described and shown.
2nd. In a reducing or disintegrating machine, the shell A composed of the
parts a¹, a³, and b', 63, substantially as described and shown, and for the purposes
set forth.
3rd. The two-cylindered shell A having the arms D, and provided with the
flanged bed rest ✗, substantially as described and shown.
4th. The funnel shaped passage provided with the sleeves, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
5th. The domed casting b¹ provided with the door pediment e³ and the journal
boxes S¹.
6th. The combination of the adjustible door E and the adjustable chute F.
7th. The process herein described of reducing and pulverizing clay, clay shale,
feldspathic, granitic, and other rock or quartz, the said process consisting in passing
said material by its own gravity through a machine, constructed substantially as
described, in which the material to be reduced or pulverized is caused to rotate
in opposing currents at a great velocity, wherely the material operated upon is
quickly and thoroughly reduced to a powdered or pulverized condition, as set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Colwell Anderson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty third day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Declared and subscribed by the
above named James Colwell
Anderson at the British Vice.
Consulate, Chicago, Illinois,
United States, this 23rd day
of July 1881.
Seal.
Before me,
J. WARRACK,
British Vice Consul,
Chicago, Illinois.
United States.
J. C. ANDERSON. (L.S.)