CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
HERBERT MABERLY, of Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk, Master of Arts,
Clerk, STEPHEN GEARY, of 10, Hamilton Place, New Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Architect and Civil Engineer, and JOSEPH CROUCHER, of James
Street, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Gentle-
man, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royol Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventeenth day of October (One thousand eight hundred
and forty-four), in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Frederick Herbert Maberly,
Stephen Geary, and Joseph Croucher, our exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said
Frederick Herbert Maberly, Stephen Geary, and Joseph Croucher, our exors,
adiiors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said Frederick Herbert
Maberly, Stephen Geary, and Joseph Croucher, our exors, adiñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey,
Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and
Plantations abroad, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-

page_text: STRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEARING,
CLEANSING, WATERING, BREAKING UP, AND RAKING OF STREETS, ROADS, LANDS,
AND OTHER WAYS; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
obliging us, the said Frederick Herbert Maberley, Stephen Geary, and Joseph
Croucher, or one of us, to particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of our 'said Invention, and in what manner. the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, and to cause the same 'to 'be' enrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as and by the same,
reference being thereto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Frederick Herbert Maberley, Stephen Geary, and Joseph Croucher, do hereby
declare that the nature and intention of our said Invention is practically to
perform and effect, in the terms of the title of the aforesaid Letters Patent, the
operations "of clearing, cleansing, watering, breaking.up, and raking of streets,
roads, and other ways, and these by the means of certain improvements in
the construction and arrangement of machinery or apparatus;" and we declare
that we perform the same by forming certain mechanical constructions and
arrangements, or combinations of the same, composing acting machines
practically adapted to the due performance of the aforesaid operations, such
machines being made and constituted as we have herein-after set forth and
described them, and which we apply in practice to such aforesaid 'purposes.
We declare the constructions, arrangements, combinations, and applications of
such machines to be fully and sufficiently described and set forth in and by
the following description, statement, and Specification thereof, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings, respectively marked No. 1,
No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, No. 7, together with the letters and numeral
figures affixed to the different parts thereof, for the purpose of such reference,
that is to say-
In the Drawing No. 1, the Figure 1 represents an external side elevation
of the machine, in which A, A, A, shews one of the two locomotive or travelling
wheels of the machine, and which are rigidly fixed on an axle Z; B, B, shews
one side of the supporting framework of the machine; C, C, C, is a cylinder
or drum of wood or other suitable material, and which is fixed in its position,
or does not revolve on the axle Z by the action of the locomotive wheels
A, A, A, and within this outer cylinder a second cylinder, 'U, U, hereafter
mentioned; and seen in Figure 2, is set on the axle Z, but does not revolve
with the axle, but has free motion thereon. The cylinder, U, U, operates to

page_text: convey or carry the mud. or matter to be taken from the surface of the road
or way to be cleansed from that point in its circumference at which it receives
the mud or matter to that point of its circumference at which it discharges.or
throws off the same, and this cylinder U, U, receives the motion and direction
required for this effect by a secondary action derived from the locomotive wheel
A, A, A, thus: On one of the locomotive wheels of the machine (as.shewn
at G, G, in the Figure 4 of Drawing No. 1), a band or chain pulley G, G, is
fixed so as to revolve with the locomotive wheel itself. In order to explain
the operation of the pulley G, G, it is necessary to describe the position and
construction of the small roller C*, C*, Figure 1, which is set on and attached
to the binder part of the framework B, B, immediately behind or following the
body of the machine or cylindrical drums above described: It is attached and
held by an iron supporting frame D, D, D, D, and has free circular motion on
an axle E. A band or chain pulley F, F, is keyed on the axle E, and a crossed
driving band or chain c, c, passes over and connects the larger pulley G, G,
Figure 4, and the smaller pulley F, F, which pulley F, F, will therefore be
driven by the progressive and rotatory motion of the locomotive wheels
A, A, A, with the relative velocity due to the ratio of the diameters of the
larger pulley G, G, and the smaller pulley F, F, and in a reverse direction to the
direction of the pulley G, G, and the locomotive wheels A, A, A; and this for
an effect and purpose herein-after explained. On one of the circular faces or
ends of the second or inner cylinder U, U, a band or chain pulley V, V, is so
fixed that the motion of the pulley will carry the cylinder with it. A direct
band or chain g. 9, passes over and connects the pulley V, V, with a smaller
pulley V*, seen only in the Figure 4, Drawing No. 1, and drawn in red lines,
keyed on to the axle E. The rotatory motions of the parts of the machine to
which the pulleys G, G, V, V, F, F, and V*, are respectively fixed, will then
be as follows:-The pulley G, G, is carried by the progressive and rotatory
motion of the locomotive wheels A, A, A, in the direction indicated by the
arrow G; the crossed band or chain c, c, drives the pulley F, F, in the
direction indicated by the arrow F, and the pulley V*, (Figure 4, Drawing
No. 1,) which is also keyed on to the same axle (E) as the pulley F, F; the
direct band or chain g, g, which connects the pulley V* with the pulley V, V,
fixed on the second or inner cylinder U, U, will then drive that cylinder in
the direction indicated by the arrow U. The last-mentioned cylinder U, U, is
constructed and operates in the machine in the manner following:-The small
roller C, C, before mentioned, extends through the width of the machine, and
on every part of its surface are set sweeping or collecting brushes T, T. The
roller C, C*, is, for greater distinctness' in describing the construction and use

page_text: of the machine, denominated the ground brush roller. The locomotive wheel
A, A, A, by the action of the pulley G, G, drives the ground brush roller in the
manner already described, and in the direction indicated by the arrow F. The line
X, X, in Figure 1, represents the surface of the road or way upon which the
brushes of the roller operate, and the brushes have their pressure on the ground,
regulated, as regards accidental asperities or variations of its surface, by springs f
set at its extremities. The matter they sweep from the surface is thus by the
direction of its action, and the progressive advance of the machine on its loco-
motive wheels, as herein-before described, continuously delivered upon and
carried up a curved and inclined plane of metal H, and by this plane the matter
is delivered into receiving chambers or cavities formed between the outer sur-
face of the cylinder U, U, and the fixed cylinder or drum C, C. These receiving
chambers are shewn in transverse section in the Figure 2, at Q, Q, Q. They
are formed on the outer edge and through the length of and upon the circum-
ference or cylindrical face of the cylinder C, C. The separate receiving
chambers are formed in the cylindrical cavity between the cylinders C, C, and
U, U, by curved metal plates or shutters, shewn in Figure 2, at R, R, R, each
of which is moveable on a joint at its outer extremity, as shewn at r, r, r, &c.,
in the Figure 2, and at its inner extremity at 5, 8, 8, s, &c., moving in and
being held and supported during such motion by a pin at each of its longitu-
dinal ends, moving in a circularly curved slot shewn in Figure 3, at 8, 8, s.
The matter delivered from the brush roller C*, C*, to the conducting plane H,
is thence swept and deposited in the receiving chambers Q, Q, Q, in portions
suited to their capacities, and the sweeping or carrying force and action of the
brush roller C, C*, as regards the nature and consistency of the matter; and
this is performed on each of such receiving chambers in the order of their suc-
cession opposite to the point of supply at the upper part of the inclined plane H
by the rotatory motion of the machine, as before described. The receiving
chambers Q, Q, Q, so charged with matter taken from the surface, represented
by the line X, X, as before described, move onward in that state in the direction
of the arrow U, Figures 1 and 2, until they respectively arrive near the upper
part of the cylinder, and at a convenient point at a small distance below the
highest point W of the cylinder, as at Y, in the Figures 1 and 2, where a
fixed frame of inclined planes 8, 8, s, in Figure 2, forces the moveable side of
each of the curved metal plates R, R, R, as they respectively and successively
arrive at the commencement of the inclined planes, s, s, to turn on its joint r,
and so to turn out or deliver the charge of matter it sustained in that receiving
chamber through an opening formed at that point in the outer or fixed cylinder
C, C. At and opposite to this point a brush wheel K takes off the matter so

page_text: delivered, as above described, by the receiving chambers in succession, and by
its rotatory action force it over the border of the opening in the cylinder C, C,
to which it is delivered, into a vehicle of deposit L, L, in which it is thus col-
lected. (This delivery of the matter is shewn in the Figures 2 and 3.) The
rotatory motion of the brush wheel K, requisite to the due performance of the
operation above described of driving the portions of matter delivered in suc-
cession at the point Y by the several receiving chambers Q, Q, Q, and of forcing
such deliveries of matter into the vehicle of deposit L, L, is produced by the
progressive and rotatory motion of the locomotive wheels of the machine, by
connection with the parts of the machine as they are herein-before described,
and this in manner following:-On the axle Z of the machine there is a band
or chain pulley, shewn at I, I, in the Figures 1 and 3), fixed on one end of
the cylinder U, U, and a direct band or chain i, i, connects it with and drives a
pulley Y, keyed on the axle of the small brush wheel K, giving it the required
rotatory motion in the direction indicated by the arrow Y in the sectional
Figures 2 and 3. 0, 0, shews the fall or delivery of the matter from the point
at which it leaves the outer cylinder C, C, to its deposit in the vehicle L, L,
at P. The vehicle of deposit L, L, is supported on a travelling guide wheel M,
running on an axle held in an iron frame N beneath the vehicle. The Figure 2
of the Drawing No. 1 represents a vertical section taken through the length of
the machine, in order to shew the construction, position, and arrangement of
the curved plates R, R, by which the receiving chambers Q, Q, are formed, the
inclined planes S, S, and the framing and construction of the inner cylinder
U, U. The Figure 3 represents a vertical section taken through the length of
the machine, in order to shew the circularly curved slots s, s, s. W*, in the
Figures 1, 2, and 3, shew a road scraper, which may be attached to the front
of the machine. The Figure 5 shews the scraper in a horizontal plan view,
and the Figures 6 and 7 respectively profile and front views of the same. The
Figure 8 shews a wire brush, which we occasionally use instead of the said
scraper. The Figure 4 shews the body of the machine as seen from its upper
side in each of the Figures, as Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
In the Drawing No. 1, the same or corresponding parts are respectively
marked with the same letters of reference, in as far as these parts themselves
are inserted or can be shewn or seen in such several Figures respectively.
In the Drawing No. 2 are shewn four modified constructions of the machine
shewn in Drawing No. 1. Figure I shews a sectional elevation of our first
said modification. A, A, A, is one of the locomotive or travelling wheels of
the machine set on an axle Z. On the same axle there is a cylinder B, B, B,
of wood or other material keyed thereon so as to rotate with it. On the convex

page_text: cylindrical surface of B, B, B, are closely and firmly attached tanned bides of
animals, having the hair left thereon, and having the direction of its hairs or
fibres directed or pointing in the direction of the rotation of the cylinder, as
shewn in the Figure; or we use for such purpose any natural or manufactured
material having a surface presenting, asperities of similar character and action.
The cylinder B, B, B, so prepared or covered, will operate to conduct the
matter or mud thrown thereon to an attached vehicle. In the Figure the
brush roller C, C, collects matter from the road or way, and throws it on
the prepared cylinder B, B, B, whence it is taken off by the metal scraper D,
which also conducts and deposits it in the attached vehicle 'E, which is
supported by the guide wheel G. The rotatory motion and action of the
working parts of the machine is produced by the progressive and rotatory
motion of the locomotive or travelling wheel A, A, A. This rotates in the
direction indicated by the direction of the arrow A. The prepared cylinder B, B,
being attached to the wheel A, A, A, rotates with it in the direction indicated
by the arrow B. A band or chain pulley E, E, is fixed on the axle Z of the
cylinder, and is therefore carried with it and in the direction indicated by
the arrow E. A band or chain pulley F is keyed upon the axle of the brush
wheel C, and a crossed band or chain e, e, connects the pullies E, E, and F,
causing the brush wheel C to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow
C, and sweeps the matter from the road or way, depositing or throwing it upon
the prepared cylinder B, B, B.
The Figure 2 of the Drawing No. 2 shews a second modification of the
machine already described in the Drawing No. 1. A, A, is a locomotive or
travelling wheel, and the red circle a, a, represents the pitch circle of a toothed
or spur wheel, which is keyed upon the axle of the wheel A, A. The wheel
represented by the pitch circle a, a, gears with a second spur wheel, repre-
sented by the red pitch circle B, and this with a third, represented by the red
pitch circle D. The latter is fixed in the axle of a roller K, which carries a
prepared tanned hide F, or other suitable material, as described in the Figure 1
of the same Drawing. The prepared hide forms an endless or circulating
surface, passing over and between the rollers K and L. A band or chain
pulley is keyed upon the axle of a ground brush roller C, C, and a similar
pulley is fixed at K. The cross band or chain h, h, passing between the pullies
Hand K, gives the requisite rotatory motion to the ground brush C, C, C.
The lever I is used to throw the ground brush roller out of work. The
framing M and N forms the necessary connection between and among the
several parts.
The Figure 3 of the Drawing No. 2 represents a third modification of the

page_text: machine already described in the Drawing No. 1, in which A, A, A, is one of
the locomotive or travelling wheels of the machine, and B, B, a spur wheel
fixed thereon, and gearing into a second spur wheel C, keyed upon the axle Z,
of a ground brush wheel D, D. The progressive and rotatory motion of the
locomotive wheel A, A, A, will thus drive the ground brush wheel D, D, in
the direction required for its due action, the wheels respectively rotating in the
directions indicated by the arrows-B and D. The operation of the ground
brush wheel D, D, is to sweep and throw the matter it collects into the
receiving vehicle E, F, F, by the metal plane X, where the moveable vessel
F, F, being first filled with the matter by such operation of the ground brush
wheel, may be lifted from the floor or bottom of the vehicle, by the suspend-
ing cords H, over the pulley h, h; the vehicle itself may be filled. G, G, G,
shews the framing of the machine; I is a travelling and supporting wheel.
At the hinder extremity of the machine at K, an arm k carries a support-
ing and travelling roller L; the handle i operates the raising or lowering the
vessel F, F.
The Figures 4 and 5 of the Drawing No. 2 respectively represent a side
or profile view and a front view of our fourth modification of the ground-
sweeping brush and the scraper already described, as applied to the wheels of
railway carriages or locomotive railway engines. The arrangement of such
application is obvious by reference to the Figures of the Drawing..
The Drawing No. 3 represents a fifth modification of the machine already
described in the Drawing No. 1, in which the construction consists in attaching
ground-sweeping brushes to scoops, whose extremities are set in and operate
in openings or holes formed in endless circulating chains, the practical object
of the construction and arrangement being, to restrict the action of the
ground-sweeping brushes to the operation of sweeping alone, the scoops
of the machine operating to lift, to carry, or conduct the matter collected by
sweeping, and to deposit it in a vehicle attached to or in connection with
the machine, the primary motion being derived from the progressive rotatory
movement of the locomotive or travelling wheels of the machine. The
Figure 1 of the Drawing No. 3 represents an external side elevation of this
modification, and the Figure 2 a vertical section of the same, taken longitudi-
nally through the machine. In the Figure 1, A, A, A, shews one of the loco-
motive or travelling wheels of the machine, on the axle Z of which is keyed
a spur wheel B, B, gearing with and driving a pinion C, C. On the axle X
of this pinion is-set the chain wheel D; D, which, by the means of the circu-
lating endless chain d, d, drives a second and smaller chain wheel E, E, which
is so placed with respect to the large. chain wheel D, D, and their respective

page_text: diameters, that the lowest point of the circumference of each ranges in the
same horizontal line and parallel to the surface of the ground to be operated
upon. At equal distances on the endless chain d, d, are set sweeping brushes
F, F, to each of which is fixed a small scoop or bucket G, composed of figure,
having one side or boundary of straight form or figure, the other of curvilinear
form, so as to compose between the two bounding surfaces a vessel of capacity
sufficient to contain the quantity of matter which in practice it may be deemed
expedient to require in the calculation of the precise dimensions of the several
working parts of the machine according with the scale of its construction.
Each of such brushes is fixed in a portion of its length on to the straight side
or boundary of the scoop or bucket. In the action of the machine, each scoop
and its brush being attached firmly together, and in that compound state
having motion on a spring joint on the endless chain at the point shewn in the
Drawing at x, x, x, the circulating movement of the endless chain causes
several brushes to act on the surface of the ground, as is shewn in the Draw-
ing at O, P, and Q, and as they arrive in progressive succession to the place of
the brush R at the commencement of the circularly curved plate S, S, they
begin from that point to assume new positions, by the projecting termination y
of each brush being from that point brought into contact with the wheel D, D,
and so forced from its upright position, as seen at O, P, Q, &c., into the inclined
and oblique positions shewn by the brushes R, T, V, and W, respectively; and
as they successively arrive at the place and position W the scoops or buckets
G, in the order of their successive arrivals at that point, discharge their
respective contents or charges into the attached receiving vehicle H, H. I is
one of the supporting and travelling wheels of the receiving vehicle; K, K, the
outer cover or casing of the machine; N, an elevated seat for the driver;
M, one of the draught shafts; and L, a supporting guide wheel.
The Figure 2 represents an external side elevation of the machine, in which
the corresponding parts, in as far as they can be shewn in that view, are
respectively marked with the same letters of reference. X, X, Y, is a bent
lever working on the point Z as a fulcrum, and operating by the handle at
the extremity of its longer arm Y, for the purpose of regulating the number
of brushes to be in work at once on the surface of the road.
The Figure 3 represents an end elevation and open view of the machine, in
which the parts there shewn are respectively marked with the same letters of
reference which they bear in the Figures 1 and 2 respectively; Figure 4 repre-
sents, in an enlarged view, the brush and its attached scoop or bucket before
described, and shewn in the Figure 1; Figure 5 represents the mounting of
the brush, and the scoop or bucket; Figure 6, an edge or profile of the same.

page_text: In the Drawing No. 4, the Figures 1 and 2 respectively represent sectional
and external views of a sixth modification of the machine already described.
The object of this modification is simply to adapt the arrangements and the
general mode of construction described in the last-described or fifth modifi-
cation in the Drawing No. 3 in such cases as in which the application of
several of the sweeping brushes at one time is not required, but when a point
of delivery of the matter as it is collected is required to have a greater alti-
tude from the level of the surface of the ground, in order so to obtain a
The component parts
receiving vehicle, or vehicle of deposit of greater depth.
of the modified machine, and the general mode of arranging them, being of
the same character as in the fifth modification, the action of this machine is
sufficiently obvious, as it is shewn in the Figures of the Drawing No. 4.
The Figure 1 is a vertical section, made longitudinally through the machine,
and the Figure 2 is an external side elevation of the machine. A, A, A, is one
of the locomotive or travelling wheels; B, B, B, B, the endless or circulating
chain, actuated from the locomotive wheel A, A, A, through the wheels whose
pitch circles are drawn in red lines, and marked respectively Y and Z, and
carrying the brushes and their scoops or buckets C, C, C, &c., the endless
circulating chain on which they are set being worked by the spur wheel X, X,
which is keyed on the axle of the wheel Z; D, D, is the outer casing of the
machine; E, E, the receiving vessel for the deposit of the matter collected
by the brushes; and F, the point of its delivery; G, G, the matter deposited in
the vehicle; H, one of the supporting or travelling wheels of the vehicle;
I, a guide wheel in front of the machine.
In the Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing No. 4 the same parts are respec-
tively marked with the same letters of reference, in as far as the several parts
can be seen in the views of the machine given in these Figures.
The Figure 3 represents an end view in elevation of the machine, in which
the same parts are respectively marked with the same letters of reference as in
the Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the casing D, D, in which is shewn the guide
plate and slot by which the course of the brushes and scoops are regulated.
The iron plates between which the guide slot is formed is shewn at A, A, A;
the slot itself at B, B, B; the single portion of the plate which guides the
ascent of the brushes and scoops at C, C.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively plan and edge views of a spur wheel
X, X, shewn in Figure 1, by which the endless or circulating chain B, B, B,
(in the Figure 1,) is worked, the spur wheel X, X, being keyed on the same
axle with the spur wheel Z, which is driven by the wheel Y, keyed on the axle

page_text: of the locomotive wheel. The Figure 7 represents in A and B respectively
front and edge views of the circulating chain B, B, B. The Figure 8 repre-
sents in A and B respectively front and edge views of the wheel or pulley P,
seen in the Figure 1, and which holds the circulating chain B, B, B, in the
tension required for its proper action.
The Drawing No. 5 represents a seventh modification of the machine, being
a secondary or modified construction of the modification shewn in the Drawing
No. 3, and described as the fifth modification. In the Drawing No, 5 the
Figure 1 represents a vertical sèction made longitudinally through the machine,
and the Figure 2 a vertical section of one part thereof, in further explanation
of the particular form and construction of that part. In this construction
wheels of the serrated form shewn'at A, A, A, in the Figure 1, are keyed on the
axle Z of the locomotive or travelling wheels of the machine, and at each salient
or projecting angle of such wheels a lever B is by one extremity a hung on a
pin, which, working freely in a hole formed in the salient or projecting angle of
the wheel, has at its other extremity y a sweeping brush C affixed, and also at
the extremity y has a second pin or stud sliding freely in a continuous slot or
groove formed in a metal plate which is firmly attached to the framing of the
machine. The progressive rotatory motion of the locomotive wheels produces
the simultaneous rotatory motion of the serrated wheels above described. The
Figure 2 represents an open view, in elevation, of the iron or metal plate
in which the guide slot is formed which regulates the motion and course
of the pins or studs y, y, &c., which stand at the extremity of the levers B
carrying the sweeping brushes C. In this Figure, A, A, A, represents the
plate, and B, B, the guide slot. Z is the place of the axle of the locomotive
wheels. The Figure 3 represents an end view, in elevation, of the principal
parts of the Figure 1, in which the same parts are respectively marked
with the same letters of reference. The Figure 4 represents a front view, in
elevation, of a mode of constructing an adjusting brush, to vary its quantity of
projection according with the aspirities or accidental variations of the surface
of the road or way on which the machine operates.
In the Drawing No. 6 the Figure 1 exhibits an end elevation of a machine for
raking or harrowing. The Figure 2 is a vertical section of the machine taken
through the line A, B, at the Figure 1. The Figure 3 is a plan of the fore part
of the machine. A, A, mark locomotive wheels severally fixed upon an axle B;
C, a mitre wheel keyed upon the said axle, and gearing into a corresponding
mitre wheel D, keyed upon the upper end of a vertical shaft E, which works
through a collar F, upon the axle B, as shewn. G, a stay piece, attached at
its upper extremities to the lower extremity of the piece G, has a hole formed

page_text: therein, through which the shaft E passes. At the under side of the piece G is
placed a helical spring, the lower extremity of which presses against the upper
side of the circular rake K, to allow it to yield to any hard substance with
which it may come in accidental contact. The rake K is attached to the
shaft E by a square hole formed through its centre; the lower end of the
shaft E is also formed square to receive it; and the rake K is secured thereto
by a nut upon the shaft, or by other suitable means.
L is a
guide and
supporting wheel attached to the axle at H, as shewn at the Figures 2 and 3,
and to the stay piece G by the rod M; N, the shafts. Now, motion being
imparted to the locomotive wheels A, A, in the direction denoted by the
arrows, will give motion to the mitre wheels C and D, and to the rake or
harrow K. When the machine is out of use the rake or harrow may
be raised from off the surface of the ground, and the mitre wheel D thrown
out of gear by means of the lever O.
The Figure 4 exhibits a plan view of a machine for breaking up roads, lands,
or other ways. The Figure 5 is a vertical section of the machine taken
through the line C, D, at the Figure 4. A, A, mark the locomotive wheels
mounted upon each end of a fixed axle B, and revolving freely thereon. To
the wheels A, A, are attached the spur wheels C, D, taking into pinions E, E,
situate at each side of the machine and framing F, as shewn at Figure 4. The
pinions E, E, gear into pinions G, G, which are mounted upon hollow axles H, I,
working around a rod K, securely fixed at its ends to the framing F. L, L,
are beaters fixed upon the hollow axles H, I, so as to revolve therewith. M, M,
are pick-axes or hoes, having their fulcra upon the axle B. N, N, are strong
springs, one end of each of which is securely fixed to the said axle; the other
end presses against the under sides of the pick-axes or hoes, as shewn at the
Figure 5; 0, a guide wheel attached to the framing, as shewn in the Drawing;
P, the shafts. The several parts of this machine are actuated in manner
following:-Motion being imparted to the locomotive wheels A, A, in the direc-
tion denoted by the arrows, will give motion to the pinions E, E, and G, G,
and to the beaters L, L, which beaters as they rotate will be brought into
contact with the ends or lever handles of the pick-axes or hoes M, M, and
thereby depress them until the beaters become disengaged from the ends of the
pick-axes or hoes, when the elasticity of the springs N, N, acting against the
under side of the lever handles, will cause the opposite ends of the pick-axes or
hoes to be driven into the ground. In order that the pick-axes or hoes may
be readily disengaged from the ground, they are made jointed at *, and are
provided with springs Q, Q, to allow them to yield readily to the draught of
the vehicle:

page_text: It should here be remarked, that although the Drawing No. 6 exhibits the
beaters L, L, as acting upon three picks at one and the same time, the beaters
may be so arranged as to act upon each pick-axe or hoe alternately, observing
that the locomotive wheels, and spur wheels and pinions in connection there-
with, act independently of each other, as regards the locomotive wheels.
The Figure 6 exhibits a plan view of a machine for rolling and sweeping at
the same time. The Figure 7 is a side elevation of the machine. A, A, mark
a metal or other roller mounted upon an axis B; upon each end of this roller
(A) a wheel C is securely fixed, which gears into a pinion D, working upon a
stud F, attached to the framing G. In connection with the pinion D is the spur
wheel H, which takes into and drives a pinion I, fixed upon the end of the
axis of the broom roller K; L, L, guide wheels; M, a lever, having its fulcrum
at N; the lower extremity of this lever embraces the axis of the broom roller
K, and is employed to raise the broom roller when out of use; O represents a
portion of a cart or other vehicle for mud or dirt. This cart or vehicle may be
attached to the framing G at P, in any convenient manner, and the
power applied
to the fore part of the cart, for actuating the machine; or, in the absence of the
cart, the power may be applied at the point P. It will be obvious, that motion
being imparted to the machine in the direction denoted by the arrows will
cause rotary motion of the metal roller A and of the wheel C. This wheel will
impart motion to the pinion D and to the spur wheel II connected thereto,
and finally give motion to the broom roller K by the agency of the pinion I.
The Figure 8 exhibits a plan view of a machine for street sweeping, and an
arrangement for increasing or diminishing the width of the said machine at
pleasure, or during the working of the same.
The Figure 9 is a vertical section taken through the line G, H, at the
Figure 8. A, A, mark the locomotive wheels mounted upon an axle B, the
construction of which is hereafter described, and revolving freely upon the ends
thereof; C, a spur wheel, securely fixed to the locomotive wheels; D, a pinion
mounted upon the axis of the broom roller E. This pinion gears into the
spur wheel C, and is driven thereby. It should be observed that the same
mechanical arrangement occurs at each side of this machine, whereby the
locomotive wheels act independently of each other.
The Figure 8 of the Drawing exhibits the brooms placed at an angle, or
the machine contracted. In order that the position of pinion D may remain
unaltered as regards its relative position with the spur wheel C, the connection
between the pinion D and the axis of the broom roller is formed by a universal
or hooks joint, such as is commonly employed for communicating motion in
cases when the axes of the driver and the driven form considerable angles with

page_text: each other, or are not on the same plane. The opposite end of the axis is sup-
ported by a piece F, loosely attached to the casting G, which slides in a groove I,
formed in the framing H, to receive it. This casting is secured in the required
position by inserting a forked pin K, into holes 1, 2, formed in the framing,
as shewn, or in any other convenient manner. The operation of this machine
is as follows:-Motion being imparted to the locomotive wheels A, A, in the
direction denoted by the arrows, will cause motion of the spur wheel C and
pinion D, and of the brooms in connection therewith. The arrangement
employed for encreasing the width of the machine is as follows:-The axle B
is constructed of two parts, 3 and 4, which, when together, form an entire circle
around which a screw is cut. L, a worm wheel, having a tapped hole at its
centre, corresponding to the thread upon the axle B, upon which it is placed.
The worm wheel L is prevented moving sideways by the framing H, which has
an opening formed therein to receive it. M, a worm, (see Figure 9,) taking
into the worm wheel L, and mounted upon a spindle N, working in suitable
bearings. O, a handle securely fixed upon the spindle N. By turning this
handle from right to left, or from left to right, the parts 3 and 4 of the axle B
will be raised to approach to or to recede from each other.
The Figure 10 exhibits a vertical section of a portion of a cart, shewing an
arrangement for raising or lowering one end thereof, when it is required to
discharge the contents or load. The Figure 11 is a front elevation of the
said arrangement for the above purpose. A, A, mark the framing of the
cart, or that part to which the shafts are connected to this framing, and
at the fore part of the cart a rod B extends in a vertical direction. The
lower extremity of this rod carries a small wheel C, which runs on the
ground. The upper part of the rod B has a screw cut around it, which
passes through a collar D, situate in an opening in the framing, as shewn.
The upper part of this collar has a contrate wheel E secured thereto, into
which gears a spur wheel or pinion F, mounted upon a spindle G, working
in suitable bearings attached to the framing A, as shewn. H is a handle fixed
upon the spindle G. By turning round this handle, motion will be imparted to
the contrate wheel E, and collar D fixed thereto. This collar moving round the
screw formed upon the rod B, which is prevented turning round by the stay
piece I, having a square hole formed therein, through which the square part
of the rod B passes, will have the effect of raising one end of the cart, and of
lowering it by a reverse movement of the handle H.
The Figure 12, in the Drawing No. 7, exhibits a plan view of a street-sweep-
ing machine; the Figure 13 is a vertical section of the machine taken through
the line I, K, at the Figure 12. A, A, marks the locomotive wheels mounted

page_text: upon an axle B, B, fixed to the framing C, C, of the machine, and revolving
freely on the said axle. A similar mechanical arrangement occurs at each
side of the machine, whereby the locomotive wheels, and the parts in connec-
tion therewith, work independently of each other. As regards the locomotive
wheels A, A, attached to the locomotive wheels are the spur wheels D, gearing
into pinions E, fixed upon the axes F, upon which the radial arms G, carrying
the brooms H, H, are made fast. I, I, the framing for supporting the axes of
the brooms. One end of each of these axes has its bearing in the framing I, I,
and the other end has its bearing in a pipe, box, or casting K attached to the
framing as shewn. This framing may either be made solid, or the back framing
I, I, moveable upon the axle B, as shewn; in which case the framing I, I,
might be readily raised by means of the levers L, L, to admit of a cart or other
vehicle being introduced; the axle B might also be dispensed with, and two
short axles substituted, so as to leave a clear space for the reception of any-
thing required to be used in combination with the other parts of the machine.
M, a guide and supporting roller attached to the. framing I. The brushes
may be attached to the radial arms G, as, shewn at the detached Figure 14,
where N marks an end view of one of the broom carriers, supported at its ends
by projecting pins I, placed at each end of the broom carrier, working in pieces
O, fixed to the radial arms G. P, a spring, the upper extremity of which is
in contact with a projection Q upon the brush carrier when the brushes are in
action. The dotted lines shew the position of the brushes when out of action,
or not required for use. Motion being imparted to the locomotive wheels A, A,
in the direction denoted by the arrow, will cause motion of the spur wheels D
and pinions E, and of the brooms or brushes in connection therewith.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our Invention, and
also in what manner the same is to be performed, we now declare that we do
not claim the exclusive use of any of the separate parts or pieces of mechanism
or mechanical construction herein described, as considered separately and dis-
tinctly from each other, or otherwise than in as far as such parts are
employed by us to form the several combinations and constructions herein-
before described as the modes of organising and carrying into effect our
aforesaid Invention.
But we declare that we do claim as of our Invention the general principles
of construction and mechanical arrangement and combination herein set forth,
and described in this our Specification and its explanatory Drawings, as we
have applied the same to the purposes therein stated respectively.
We claim as of our Invention the specific constructions, the specific arrange-
ments of mechanical parts, and the specific combinations thereof, in the several

page_text: compounds thereby produced, as the same are herein-before severally and
specially set down and described.
And we further claim as of our Invention the application and the use of
any and every of our several methods of giving or of transferring motion to
the respective compound machines, as herein described, to and with each and
every of the herein specified purposes of our said Invention in the processes
herein stated as the object thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Geary, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
Enrolled the Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.