Iы- PROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR USE IN SUBMARINE OPERATIONS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Tylor and Joseph John Tylor, of No. 2, Newgate
Street, in the City of London, Brassfounders, for the Invention of "Iы-
PROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR USE IN SUBMARINE
OPERATIONS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Tylor and Joseph
John Tylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
February 1876.
ALFRED TYLOR and JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR, of No. 2, Newgate Street, in the City
of London, Brassfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS
FOR USE IN SUBMARINE OPERATIONS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in arranging submarine or diving
apparatus whereby the same is enabled to be used with greater facility and
convenience for respiration and working in deep water than is the case with the
apparatus ordinarily used for this purpose, and also to afford a means of reducing
the pressure on the body and limbs of the diver when equipped in the same, and
descended below the surface of the water, and relates to the formation and arrange-
ment of armour for the body and limbs of the diver and the parts connected
therewith, and the arrangement of pipes, tubes, valves, and other parts to be used
in connection with diving apparatus.
In order to carry out our Invention we employ a framework skeleton or armour
formed out of metal or other suitable material or combination of the same which
may be formed of separate pieces or parts embedded in or covered with india-
rubber if desired, and rivetted, or otherwise firmly attached, jointed, or flexibly
connected together throughout or in parts if desired or preferred, or of metal rings
or hoops, and arranged and formed so as to envelope or encircle the body, arms, and
legs of the diver, and extend or come up to the part or position where the metal
helmet usually rests, and arranged to admit of being readily connected to or.
disconnected from the same at the same time that the said framework, skeleton, or
armour admits or allows of sufficient freedom of motion to enable the diver to
move about below the surface. Over this metal or other framework skeleton or
armour the water-tight dress of the diver may be placed, and a similar or other

page_text: suitable dress or lining if desired may be attached to, connected with, or placed in
the interior of the said framework, skeleton, or armour, or the lining and the
exterior dress may be connected together so as to embed and enclose the metal or
other suitable framework skeleton or armour between them, or the dress itself may
be formed of sufficient thickness to produce the same results.
This framework skeleton or armour may be made of metal wire or hoop band, or
metal of any suitable section covered with or embedded in india-rubber, or the
same may be galvanized or otherwise protected, or if preferred used without any
protection of this kind, or it may be formed of india-rubber tubing in which a
spiral wire is placed and formed in a spiral or spirals so as to surround or encircle
the body, arms, and legs, as herein-before alluded to, and arranged so as to connect
to or with the helmet, as herein-before described, and the spirals may be bound or
connected together if desired independently of the connection to each other of the
parts covering the limbs or body.
As in the ordinary dress the air that has been used in the lungs of the diver and
breathed back into the helmet has to escape into the water surrounding the diver
through the escape valve when opened, and this valve does not allow the air to
escape until the pressure in the helmet caused by the pumps pumping in air is
greater than the pressure of the water against the escape valve, and as the pressure
of the water on or on the outside of the escape valve is in proportion to the depth
of the water the diver has in the ordinary apparatus to be exposed to a pressure.
proportionate to the depth at which he may be. In order further to reduce this
pressure by removing this escape valve to a point nearer to the surface of the water,
we attach or connect to the helmet or other suitable or convenient part or portion
of the dress or armour a tube or tubes open at each end, the lower opening being
into the helmet or dress or armour, and extending upwards from the diver towards the
surface of the water far enough to allow the required amount of air to escape from
the cavity in the helmet, dress, or armour, to keep the pressure in the apparatus
lower than it would otherwise be if this tube or tubes were not provided, and by
this means take off pressure so that respiration may be more easily performed.
We also provide, if desired, a reducing valve or valves in, on, or connected with
the air inlet or supply tube or pipe, and a valve or valves in or in connection with the
outlet or open tube or tubes so as to prevent the influx of the water. Should
anything occur which might cause this to take place or conduce to the occurrence
of the same, and where required in or about the apparatus, we place an adjustable
valve or valves whereby more convenience in the use of the same may be
obtained.
The dress worn by the diver may also be provided with suitable arrangements to
prevent the chafing or wearing thereof against or by the framework skeleton
or armour herein-before described, and the dress may be made double, or so
arranged as to allow of a layer, cushion, or portion of air being formed or enclosed
thereby in the space between the two to act as a cushion over the body of the
diver and distribute or equalize the pressure over the whole surface of the body,
and the boots may also be made double and arranged to act in a similar manner for
his feet.
In order that signals or instructions may be transmitted to the diver whilst
below the surface of the water, and to render it unnecessary for him to ascend to
the surface to receive the same, we employ a separate tube or pipe attached to or.
connected with the dress or armour, and connected to or with a plate or disc or
nitable auditory apparatus contained in or attached to the dress or armour, and so
arranged that neither air nor water can pass through the said tube or pipe and get
into the dress, and by speaking into the open end which is above the surface of
the water, the diver by means of this apparatus will be able to hear the message
whilst below the water.
In order that the glasses through which the diver sees may be kept free from
dirt or the condensation of moisture which occurs when the apparatus is in use,
we cause a jet or jets, or spray or sprays of fresh air entering the helmet to sweep.

page_text: or pass over these glasses by arranging the inlet passages from the air tube with a
slot or slots, opening or openings, placed at the required or proper angle or angles to
do this, and thus add to the convenience of the apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Tylor and Joseph John Tylor in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st August 1876.
ALFRED TYLOR and JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR, of No. 2, Newgate Street, in the City
of London, Brassfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS
FOR USE IN SUBMARINE OPERATIONS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in arranging submarine or diving
apparatus, whereby the same is enabled to be used with greater facility and
convenience for respiration and working in deep water than is the case with the
apparatus ordinarily used for this purpose, and also to. afford a means of reducing
the pressure on the body and limbs of the diver when equipped in the same, and
descending below the surface of the water so that he may work in deeper water
than usual under the pressure due to a less depth, and relates to the formation and
arrangement of armour for the body and limbs of the diver and the parts connected
therewith, and the arrangement of pipes, tubes, valves, and other parts to be used
in connection with diving apparatus.
In order to carry out our Invention we employ a framework skeleton or armour
formned out of metal or other suitable material or combination of the same, which
may be formed of separate pieces or parts embedded in or covered with, india-rubber
if desired, and rivetted or otherwise firmly attached, jointed, or flexibly connected
together throughout or in parts, if desired or preferred, or of metal rings, spirals,
or hoops, and arranged and formed so as to envelope or encircle the body, arms, and
legs of the diver and extend or come up to the part or position where the metal
helmet usually rests, and arranged to admit of being readily connected to or
disconnected from the same at the same time that the said framework skeleton or
armour admits or allows of sufficient freedom of motion, to enable the diver to move
about below the surface. Over this metal or other framework skeleton or armour
the water-tight dress of the diver may be placed, and a similar or other suitable
dress or lining, if desired, may be attached to or connected with or placed in the
interior of the said framework skeleton or armour, or the lining, and the exterior
dress may be connected together so as to embed or enclose the metal or other
suitable framework skeleton or armour between them, or the dress itself may be
formed of sufficient thickness to produce the same result.
This framework skeleton or armour may be made of metal, wire, or hoop band,
or metal of any suitable section covered with or embedded in india-rubber, or the
same may be galvanized or otherwise protected, or if preferred used without any
protection of this kind, or it may be formed of india-rubber tubing in which a
spiral wire is placed and formed in a spiral or spirals so as to surround or encircle
the body, arins, and legs, as herein-before alluded to and arranged so as to connect
to or with the helmet as herein-before described, and the spirals may be bound or
connected together, if desired, independently of the connection to each other of the
parts covering the limbs or body.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shews part in elevation and part in section one modification or
arrangement of the framework skeleton or armour, as herein-before described,
which is made in a series of spirals h, 1, of metal of a round or other convenient
section to encircle part of the body, arms, and legs of the diver formed by winding
the wire or metal spirally so as to give the required dimensions for encircling the
body and limbs, whilst if preferred, a series of separate rings or hoops may be
employed. These spirals rings or hoops may be separate from the dress or attached

page_text: to the dress i, i, of the diver, as shewn in any convenient or suitable manner, and
at the required or desired distance apart, and over the same another dress-j, j, may
be placed, the two being connected together by the interposition of a waterproof,
cement, or gum or india-rubber attached to either the armour skeleton or frame-
work, or to both skeleton armour or framework, and the inner dress as desired or
preferred, and so as to form an air and water proof casing for the diver's body. The
parts ff and g, g, which cover the limbs may be formed in a similar manner, as
shewn by the leg, and attached to the parts enclosing the body. In order that this
may be more reeadily done we form the upper part c of the armour which encloses
the shoulders, and the lower part e which encloses the hips and buttocks of sheet
plate or cast metal or its equivalent, and at the parts to which the framework or
armour for the protection of the limbs is connected we form or place a flange or
screw joint k, l, k, k, such for example, as that used in the ordinary diving
apparatus for attaching the head piece to the part covering the shoulders or any
other suitable or convenient plan, whereby each part may be readily attached or
detached.
It will be seen by the Drawing that the head piece a takes off from the part b
which protects the head and shoulders as is usual in ordinary diving apparatus, and
that an additional part c of plate or cast metal is provided, although the said part
is not absolutely required, inasmuch as it may be arranged without, to which the
same is attached in the usual or any convenient manner, and to which the frame-
work or armour protecting the arms is connected by the joints, . This latter
part or portion c is provided with a joint 7 for connecting the same to the framework
or armour which covers the body, which joint may be formed in a similar manner
to the others herein-before described, or with fly nuts, clamps, or in any other
convenient manner, and the lower part of the body piece d is also connected to the
upper part of the buttock piece e by another joint m on this buttock piece, the
joints k, k, for the armour or framework covering the legs are formed or attached,
and these may be made in a similar manner to the other joints herein-before.
described, sets screws or their equivalent for locking the parts when connected
together may be provided if necessary in order to prevent thein from becoming
detached, partially detached, or leaky, whilst the diver is at work.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, represents also part in elevation and part in section another
modification or arrangement of the framework skeleton or armour in which the
flexible parts are formed of flat or other suitably formed rings or hoops, jointed or
flexibly connected together, as hercin-before described, and the framework skeleton
or armour protecting the limbs may be made in a similar manner, or as herein-before
described, the other parts being the same as those shewn in Fig. 1, and similar parts
are denoted by similar letters of reference to those in Fig. 1. Distance pieces may
be provided at the points of connection of the rings or hoops if desired, in order to
aid in obtaining the required flexibility.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, represents also, part in section and part in clevation, another
modification or arrangement of the armour where it is not desired to have a flexible
framework or skeleton or armour surrounding the body. It will be seen that a
sheet or cast metal body piece d or its equivalent is substituted and connected to the
upper part by a similar screw or other joint to that employed in the other connec-
tious, the lower or buttock picce being attached to or formed in one with it,
although if desired it may be provided with a joint as in the other arrangements,
and if desired a strengthening hoop or hoops, ring or rings, may be attached to, con-
nected with, or form part of the same, or it may be made in a corrugated form.
Fig. 4 shews the body part of the apparatus, made in one piece, of an approximate
form to the human figure.
In some cases the flexible body part of the armour, and that of the arms and legs,
may be formed of vulcanized india-rubber tube enclosing a spiral wire, the same
being wound in a spiral form to enable the body and covering for the arms and legs
to be made, and the spiral wire may also be covered with hemp, canvas, or other
suitable matorial, and the whole contained in vulcanized india-rubber. The spirale

page_text: or rings of tube may be attached at suitable or convenient distances apart to the inner
or outer dress of the diver or both, and the same may be attached or connected
together as herein-before described. The dress may also be made double, and sewn
or otherwise firmly attached together, at certain distances apart so as to form a
series of air rings or tubes to contain air, which, when forced into the same to the
required degree of compression, as also in the case of the tubular dress, would form
a cushion of air between the diver and the surrounding water, and this same
arrangement may if desired be employed as an inner lining to the armour herein-
before described. Between each ring formed in the dress a small opening or connec-
tion should be made so as to allow the air to distribute itself equally throughout
the dress. It is necessary that air and waterproof material or materials or com-
bination of the same should be used in forming this dress, in order to prevent
leakage.
As in the ordinary dress, the air that has been used in the lungs of the diver and
breathed back into the helmet has to escape into the water surrounding the diver
through the escape valve when opened, and this valve does not allow the air to
escape until the pressure in the helmet, caused by the pumps pumping in air, is
greater than the pressure of the water against the escape valve, and as the pressure of
the water on or on the outside of the escape valve is in proportion to the depth of
the water the diver has in the ordinary apparatus to be exposed to a pressure pro-
portionate to the depth to which he may be. In order further to reduce this pressure
by removing this escape valve to a point nearer to the surface of the water we
attach or connect to the helmet or other suitable or convenient part or portion of the
dress or armour a tube or tubes open at each end, the lower opening being into the
helmet or dress, or armour, and extending upwards from the diver towards the sur-
face of the water far enough to allow the required amount of air to escape from the
cavity in the helmet, dress, or armour, to keep the pressure in the apparatus lower
than it would otherwise be if this tube or tubes were not provided, and by this
means take off pressure so that respiration may be more easily performed.
The inlet air tube to the dress may be fitted as usual, and if desired a valve to
close the entrance to the dress or helmet in case of accident to the pipe or tube
allowing water to enter, may be provided.
The outlet pipe or tube for the breathed air is continued up to and above the
surface of the water, though it may be used at any desired depth below the saine,
as herein-before described, and a valve cock or tap is provided at the surface end,
and attached to or connected with the same, and may be arranged to be adjusted by
a spring weight, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure, or their equivalent, so as to
enable the desired degree of compression in the dress to be obtained and maintained.
A pressure gauge in connection with the apparatus may be employed as an addi-
tional convenience in working the apparatus, and if desired the whole of the parts
connected with the outlet end of the pipe may be contained in a box or receptacle
attached to or connected with the end of the outlet pipe, and placed where most
convenient.
We also provide if desired a reducing valve or valves in, on, or connected with the
air inlet or supply tube or pipe and a valve or valves in or in connection with the
outlet or open tube or tubes, so as to prevent the influx of the water should any-
thing occur which might cause this to take place or conduce to the occurrence of
the same, and where required in or about the apparatus we place an adjustable
valve or valves, whereby more convenience in the use of the same may be obtained.
The dress worn by the diver may also be provided with suitable arrangements
to prevent the chafing or wearing thereof against or by the framework, skeleton,
or armour herein-before described, and the dress may be made double, or so
rranged as to allow of a layer, or cushion, or a portion of air being formed or enclosed
hereby in the space between the two to act as a cushion over the body of the
liver, and distribute or equalize the pressure over the whole surface of the body,
nd the boots may also be made double and arranged to act in a similar manner
or his feet.

page_text: Pads or linings of the required thickness or their equivalent may be used in the
interior of these arrangements to act as cushions where necessary, and if desired
an additional outside dress or covering may be worn over the apparatus shewn in
the Figures.
The covering or armour for the legs requires to be firmly and soundly connected
to the boots or the covering for the feet, so as to form a water-tight and air-tight
connection, and if desired a similar joint to those used in the other parts may be
employed, and the armour or covering for the arms must be similarly attached or
connected to the gloves or gauntlets.
The boots or coverings for the feet may be formed entirely of cast metal, or
partially so, and partly of wire rods or inetal parts as described, desired, or preferred,
and lined or padded with any suitable material. The gloves or gauntlets required
to be used with this apparatus are shewn by the letters q, q, and the boots or
coverings for the feet by the letters ', . The gloves or gauntlets may be made of
cast metal, and the fingers and thumbs of flexible spirals, or rings, or hoops of
metal, and firmly attached or connected to the body of the glove or gauntlet, the
whole being covered with or embedded in vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable
material or combination of the same. If desired a flexible palm or surface may be
formed on or attached to that part of the glove or gauntlet so as to give greater
sensitiveness in handling. The interior of the gloves or gauntlets and the fingers
of the same may be lined or padded with any suitable material or materials or
combination of the same if desired.
In order that signals or instructions may be transmitted to the diver whilst
below the surface of the water, and to render it unnecessary for him to ascend to
the surface to receive the same we employ a separate tube or pipe attached to or
connected with the dress or armour, and connected to or with a plate or disc or
suitable auditory apparatus contained in or attached to the dress or armour, and
so arranged that neither air nor water can pass through the said tube or pipe and
get into the dress, and by speaking into the open end which is above the surface
of the water the diver by means of this apparatus will be able to hear the message
whilst below the water.
The auditory apparatus and connecting tube and the internal conducting tube
inside the dress are denoted by the letters n, o, 1, in Fig. 3, and shewn attached to
the part c.
The arrangement may be applied to the other Figures, and so
arranged as to be used with any existing apparatus. In some cases the auditory
apparatus may be used at any intermediate distance below the surface, and between
it and the diver, or if preferred above the surface of the water a pipe or tube
leading down to the diver instead of up from him.
In order that the glasses through which the diver sees may be kept free from
dirt or the condensation of moisture which occurs when the apparatus is in use we
cause a jet or jets or spray or sprays of fresh air entering the helmet to sweep or
pass over these glasses by arranging the inlet passages from the air tube with a
slot or slots, opening or openings, placed at the required or proper angle or angles
to do this, and thus add to the convenience of the apparatus.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, is a section of part of the flexible body piece, arm, or leg armour
drawn to an enlarged scale shewing an arrangement of the spiral framework and
double dress when such are used in combination, although the framework or
spirals may be used without the dress or dresses being attached to the same, and
simply put on detached from the underclothing and outer dress, as shewn in
Fig. 1, Sheet 1. a, a, are the metal spirals, rings, hoops, or parts enclosing the
body of the diver, which resist the pressure on the outside of the apparatus and
enable him to work at a less pressure in the dress than that due to the depth of
the water he is at work in; b, b, the inner dress or lining; and c, c, the outer dress
or covering.
Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a section of another arrangement of pressure resisting flexible
armour formed of metal hoops or rings, and shewn in Fig. 2, Sheet 1, as herein-
before described, drawn on an enlarged scale, which are rivetted or otherwise

page_text: connected together, so as to give a sort of lobster-tail action when on the diver,
and the points of connection of each ring or hoop extend vertically on each side of
the diver from his armpits to his hips, so as to allow him to bend backwards and
forwards if desired. These rings or hoops may be of a round, oval, or other
suitable and convenient form, and of a sufficient thickness or diameter to give the
required strength.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is another arrangement also drawn to an enlarged scale of the
spiral ring or hoop armour a, a, shewing the same embedded in india-rubber or
other suitable material b, b, as herein-before described when such arrangement is
desired or preferred, and the rings or hoops may be of a round, oval, or other
suitable and convenient form, and of a sufficient thickness or diameter to give the
required strength.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, shews a side view and part section, and Fig. 5 a front view of
the gloves or gauntlets to be used with this apparatus, as herein-before described:
a, a, shew the metal body part of the gloves or gauntlets, which may be made by
casting, and to which the fingers and thumbs b, b, are attached (which are made of
flexible wire spirals, rings, or hoops), and attached to the part a, a, by the screws or
other suitable connections b₁, b1; the palm may be formed of canvas, india-rubber, or
other suitable material, as shewn by the dotted lines in Fig. 5, in order to increase
the sensitiveness of handling, and the sleeve or cuff of the armour is connected to
the wrist of the gloves or gauntlets by an air and water tight joint or connection, as
herein-before described.
Fig. 6, Sheet 2, is an elevation of the metal boots or coverings a for the feet,
shewing a mode of making the water and air-tight connection b with the leg armour
of the apparatus, as herein-before described. These may be made entirely of cast
metal, or partially so, of rods, bars, or parts, or a combination of the same, as desired
or preferred and herein-before described.
Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a sectional elevation of the helmet part of the apparatus,
shewing the inlet pipe for the air and the distributing ends for clearing the glasses,
and also the tube and mouth-piece connected with the auditory apparatus. a is the
inlet pipe, and d the part containing the valves, shewn enlarged and in section in
Fig. 8; b, b, the distributing ends of the air supplying pipe, formed as shewn so as
to cause the air to pass as a sheet, jet, or spray over the surface, according to the
form of the outlet opening, as herein-before described; c, c, the mouth-piece and
connecting pipe to the auditory apparatus, shewn in Fig. 3, Sheet 1, by the
letters n, o, p, one plan of which is shewn enlarged.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the air inlet a and part & containing the
valves. b is the ordinary valve used on the air inlet pipes; c is the valve to close
the entrance to the helmet or dress in case of accident to the pipe or tube
allowing water to enter as herein-before described. The valve c has its specific
gravity less than water and greater than air, so that it may remain as shewn whilst
there is no leakage of water into the tube; but in case of accident to the inlet pipe
the water on reaching the valve would raise the same to the scat e, close the inlet,
and prevent the influx of water so long as there was enough pressure or water to
keep the same on its seat. A cap or opening at f is provided, by means of which
the valve can be readily removed or inspected when required.
Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement of the box or receptacle
containing the adjustable valve and pressure gauge controlling the outlet pipe
orifice, as herein-before described. a, a, the box or receptacle with the pressure
gauge indicated by dotted lines, shewing the adjustable valve b on the outlet, in
this instance controlled by the spiral spring c, regulated by the thumbscrew d,
working in the part e. This apparatus is placed near to the pumps supplying air
to the diver, so as to be under the eye of the men in charge, or if preferred may be
combined with the receptacle containing the pumps. By this arrangement, on the
diver descending to a depth approximately ascertained or known the screw d
enables the valve b to be adjusted to the required pressure at which the air is to

page_text: escape, thereby enabling the diver to work in air of a much less density than that.
due to the depth of water, which he would have to do were he not provided with a
similar arrangement.
Fig, 10 shews an arrangement of auditory apparatus to be attached to the dress
or armour, as herein-before described. a, a, are the two parts, attached one on the
exterior and the other on the interior of the dress or armour, and which receive the
sound from the pipe on one side of the dress or armour, and transmit it to the disc,
diaphragm, plate, or vibratory arrangement b, b, by means of the rod c, c, on the
other side, and reflect it away through the pipe on the opposite side; d is the
communication for the pipe on the outside of the dress or armour, and e the same on
the inside. The opening e connects with the pipe and mouth-piece c, c, shewn in
Fig. 7, and the mouth-piece is placed in a convenient part of the helmet, so as to be
easily accessible to the mouth and ear of the diver. This auditory apparatus may
be placed at any intermediate position between the diver and the surface, and on
any part of the dress or armour. The plate, disc, diaphragm, or vibratory part may
be flat, convex, concave, corrugated, or formed of a spiral spring similar to such as
are used in alarmns or clocks in place of a bell, and the rod c, c, should be arranged
with the disc or vibratory parts, as shown in Fig. 10, and two or more may be used
if desired for increasing the sound.
It will be seen by the arrangements of protective metal armour and apparatus
herein-before described that we are enabled to construct a diving dress or apparatus
to withstand considerable external pressure and overcome the difficulties of leaky
parts, which have been hitherto one of the drawbacks of the use of protective
armour for diving purposes, and from the protective parts being embedded or
'enclosed in a flexible air and waterproof material this objection is removed, and by
this and the other arrangement herein-before described we are thereby enabled to
work in much greater depths than with the ordinary diving dress, and the diver is
enabled to breathe with greater freedom and is under a much less pressure on his
body and limbs than that due to the depth he is working in.
By the use of this apparatus the diver may descend to a greater depth than with
the ordinary apparatus, and be enabled to apply lengths of vulcanized india-rubber
or other suitable tube of large diameter closed at both ends, and furnished with a
stop-cock and connection for admitting of air being forced into each length, and
allowing of the tube from the pumps being disconnected from the lengths when
filled, so as to enable the sunken vessels being raised by the use of the required number
of lengths of such tube, which on being placed in a collapsed state in the interior
of the vessel and connected to the force pump will expand and displace from the
interior of the vessel as much water as equals their bulk, and the diver can thus
continue adding the collapsed lengths lowered to him from above, and filling them
with air until the required or desired floating power is attained.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention of improvements in
arrangements and apparatus for use in submarine operations, and the manner in
which the same is to or may be carried into practical effect, we desire to state that
we do not claim the use of diving apparatus with helmets and dresses, as this is not
new; nor do we claim the use of protective armour in diving apparatus, as this is
not novel; nor do we claim causing the entering air to pass over the glasses in the
helmet, as this has been done before; nor do we claim as new or original any of the
parts separately, which are used in forming portions of the complete apparatus; nor
do we confine or limit ourselves to the precise details shewn and described, as the
same may be modified without departing from the nature of our said Invention ;
but what we consider as new and claim as our Invention and desire to have
protected by Letters Patent is,
First. The formation and combination of parts forming the apparatus applied
for the purpose of diminishing the pressure on the body of the diver, and allowing
him to breathe more freely, and acting substantially as and for the purposes herein-
before described, illustrated, and specified.

page_text: Second. Embedding or enclosing the protective metal armour, or covering, or
apparatus herein-before described in flexible air and waterproof material or materials,
so as to prevent leakage and form a diminished pressure apparatus, and enable
thereby a diver to work and breathe more freely in greater depths than usual and
with a less pressure on his body than that due to the depth, substantially as herein-
before described, illustrated, and specified.
Third. Applying an additional valve to the inlet air pipe to act as herein-before
described, and arranging the outlet pipe from the helmet or armour so as to enable
the diver to work at a given depth of water in a less pressure on his body and
limbs than that due to the depth, substantially as herein-before described, illustrated,
and specified.
Fourth. The application of auditory apparatus in diving operations, substan-
tially as herein-before described, illustrated, and specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alfred Tylor and Joseph John Tylor, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
ALFRED TYLOR.
(L.S.)
JOSEPH JOHN TYLOR.
(LS.)