Improvements in Vessels for Cooking, Smelting, or Evaporating.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 21st May, 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Vessels for Cooking, Smelting, or Evaporating.
I, THEODOR FREDERKING, Manufacturer, of Leipzig, in the German Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is.to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has for its object, to overcome certain difficulties or inconveniences
which present themselves, when it is desired, to smelt or evaporate substances
having a boiling point higher than 200° centigrade. With the appliances usually
employed, it is almost impossible, to prevent the said bodies from adhering to the
sides of the vessel, or from catching fire. The direct introduction of superheated
steam is frequently impracticable from chemical or other reasons. To heat by
means of superheated steam indirectly, is expensive, because a sufficient transmission
of heat would only be attainable with a rapid flow of steam through the apparatus.
On the other hand, if the superheated steam be allowed to remain long in the
heating pipes, the transmission of heat is insufficient, owing to its low specific heat.
Again, it is in most cases necessary or desirable, to employ vessels having smooth
walls, in order to facilitate the emptying and cleaning of the same, and to
avoid pipe coils, because they impede or prevent the mechanical stirring of the
liquid.
In order to avoid these drawbacks, I construct a vessel in the manner illustrated
by the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 and 2, which are vertical sections of two
different types.
A system of metallic heating pipes, a, for instance such as are used in Perkins*
heating apparatus, constitutes the skeleton of the vessel, and the interstices are
filled up with a metal or metallic alloy, which is a good conductor of heat, so
that the tubes a and the metallic filling form together a vessel A of the desired
shape.
The metal used as a filling and coating must either be more fusible than the
heating pipes a, or it must be finely divided to form a plastic mass by means of a
suitable binding material.
Such vessels may be made in various ways.
The tube or tubes may, for instance, be mounted in a vessel having double
walls, and the space between the walls (containing the said tubes) filled up with
molten metal, or, if the melting point of the material used for filling be sufficiently
high, the double walled vessel may be omitted, and the tubes placed in a suitably
shaped founder's mould, into which the metal or alloy is then cast, but in all
cases the tubes form with the metal or metallic alloy one piece, which constitutes
the vessel.
The vessel is heated by means of superheated water or steam or other suitable
fluid passing through the tube or tubes, for which purpose the latter are connected
with a supply of heating fluid, or with a circulating apparatus, and the walls of the
tubes may be made strong enough to resist the internal pressure of the beating fluid,
without the aid of the surrounding metal.
If the heating tubes are made of cast iron or steel, it will in most cases be
necessary, to coat them with tin, copper or other suitable metal, before they are
surrounded with or embedded in the filling metal, to form the desired vessel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
A cooking, smelting or evaporating vessel having solid walls made of a good

page_text: conductor of heat, into which is embedded a metallic heating tube or a system of
such tubes adapted to be connected with a supply of heating fluid or to form part
of a continuous circulating apparatus, substantially as described.
Dated this 10th day of April 1802
T. FREDERKING,
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.