IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR. APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bottomley, of North Bierly, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Manufacturer, and Alexander Hennah Martin, of
the same Place, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR. APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bottomley and
Alexander Hennah Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th May 1858.
We, JAMES BOTTOMLEY, of North Bierly, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, and ALEXANDER HENNAH MARTIN, of the same Place,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," to be as follows:
The improvements relate to means for giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes
or series of shuttle chambers capable of rotating upon an axis of motion, as
also to other series of shuttle boxes capable of moving, in order that any onė
of the series may, when desired, be brought into a line with the lay to effect
change of weft.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, the said James
Bottomley, with my brothers, we described a series of studs of different lengths
standing out from the faces of part wheels or plates, and capable of taking
into and for a time acting as teeth, with the, teeth or projections of another

page_text: wheel, to give partial rotary motion thereto, and thence to the shuttle boxes,
the amount of rotation being controlled by the number of such studs for the
time caused to act. And one part of the present improvements consists in
improved means of employing such character of stud wheels. For this
purpose the rotary axis of the series of shuttle chambers is connected to the
axis of the wheel, operated by studs by means of an endless chain or band
passing over-suitable wheels on the respective axes, or it may be by a pair of
connecting rods and cranks, or otherwise, in order that they may rotate
together; and the sliding required to such stud wheels in order that the studs
of either or both of them may be altogether away from the tooth wheel with
which they are capable of working, or that one, two, or other number of them
may be in gear therewith, is effected by levers, one to each stud wheel, and
which are operated direct from projections or elevations carried by the series
of cards or other pattern surface employed to operate such levers, the projec-
tions or elevations being of varying heights suitable to produce the desired
Textent of motion to the levers. The barrel. we employ for operating the series
of cards has motion given to it by a thread or worm on the crank or other
suitable shaft,-the thread or worm taking into the teeth of a pinion on such
barrel, and being formed only partially spiral to its axis, so as to hold the
barrel stationary for a time, and then to give to it the desired partial rotation
to bring up a fresh operating surface. This method of operating a barrel to
bring up fresh cards or other operating surfaces is also adapted to be used in
connection with other means for giving motion to series of shuttle boxes.
The barrel is connected to the pinion by a clutch arrangement to facilitate the
turning of it, without at the same time turning the pinion, when it may be
desired to change cards. And the hollow axis of the wheel operated by the
-studs is also formed in two parts, with teeth at the adjoining surfaces borne
together by spring pressure, so that a yield to the parts may be permitted in
the event of any obstruction to their motion, in manner such as explained in
the former Specification referred to.
One or both of the chain wheels for giving rotary motion to the series of
shuttle boxes by a chain or band is formed with clutch box or such like con-
nections, which, in place of fitting tightly, admit of a slight play, sufficient to
compensate for the drag upon the chain or band, which would otherwise tend
to pull round the box as the batten moves to and fro; and when employing
connecting rods or other means of communicating motion to the shuttle boxes,
slight play to the parts will be given for the same purpose.
If desired to work the levers for sliding the stud wheels (according to the
present improvements) from jacquard apparatus employed to work the harness

page_text: of the loom, we connect the levers for sliding the stud wheels to the jacquard
apparatus by a series of cords or bands, or other suitable connections, corre-
sponding with the number of studs in the stud wheels, and adapted in length
to give, when lifted, the desired motion to such levers; and we apply holding
means to retain the levers in position whilst operating.
Another method of giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes, is by the use of
an endless chain passing over a toothed wheel connected to the series of
shuttle chambers, and over a wheel placed eccentrically upon the crank or
other suitable driving shaft, in such manner as to compensate for the vibratory
motion of the boxes; and this chain is provided with studs capable of being
acted upon by levers actuated by card or other suitable pattern surface, to
stop its progressive motion, and thereby cause it to move the series of boxes
for the desired change, at which time the chain will slip on the surface of the
excentric wheel 1.
.
In place of employing elevations of varying heights on the cards or pattern
surfaces to obtain the effects desired, the elevations may be all uniform, and
the variations obtained by different rises on the levers or means operated.
And
Another improvement relates to means for holding the series of boxes in
position, when a selection has been made, and for releasing the same for a
fresh selection. For this purpose, the tendency of the holding means is, by
spring or otherwise, to release itself, so that the boxes may freely move.
it is brought into a holding position by leverage acted upon by a cam or tappet;
and such leverage is formed with spring or such like elastic connection,
capable of yielding to prevent breakage in the event of derangement of the
parts.
.
Also, the improvements relate to means for governing the order of motion
to a series of shuttle chambers from jacquard apparatus employed to work the
harness of the loom, by cards therefrom being connected to levers, which by
rods operate the drivers for acting upon the ratchet or pin wheels, to give
motion to the series of shuttle chambers. A rocking bar takes into the ends
of those levers to hold them out of action, or either of them, as selected by the
jacquard, in position for action. This rocking bar is actuated by a cam or
tappet on the crank or other suitable shaft. The alternate rotary motion may
be.connected to the reciprocating motion required for series of shuttle boxes
formed to slide instead of rotate.
Also the improvements relate to means for effecting changes in the order of
lifting and lowering leaves of heddles, so as to change from plain to satin or
tweel, or otherwise.
According to one arrangement, the rods from the lever arms operating the

page_text: leaves of healds or heddles, in place of being affixed at their lower ends to the
heddle levers, are at those parts formed with hooks, capable of being acted
upon by studs projecting from the heddle levers, and each heddle lever is
capable of operating at the same time upon two or more of such hooked
rods, and which rods are moved out of position for being operated by the
heddle levers as desired by pattern surface. One method of operating these
hooked rods which we employ is by studs or projections upon the card or
pattern surface acting upon a lever to bring a star wheel in connection with a
stud on a rotating axis, which gives motion to a barrel or cylinder, with pins
or projections arranged.in- the order required to actuate levers in connection
with the-hooked rods.
=
.
According to another arrangement, the arms operating the leaves of healds
or heddles are connected to separate rods, each provided with two hooks; one
of the hooks of each of such rods is capable of being brought into position to
be operated by a rising and falling bar, and the other hook of each rod by
another rising and falling bar; or the two hooks of each rod may be missed
by both bars. These bars are operated by levers actuated from the tappet or
other suitable shaft, and may form parts of such levers. We also apply holding
means capable of retaining any of the hooked bars in position when they have
been operated by the heddle levers. The order of selection of the rods may
be governed by levers operated by suitable pattern surface, or by needles
operated by perforated cards.
=
Also the improvements relate to operating the selvage threads of adjoining
selvages of fabrics woven side by side in one piece, to be separated afterwards
by cutting up. We effect this by a system of alternate cross motion to such
selvage threads, one or more of these threads being caused to pass through
separate eyes or guides, whilst another or others to each pass alternately from
one side thereof under to the other, and are there tied in by the weft.
Another improvement relates to means of operating the slay or reed. For
this purpose the slay is holden in position by spring pressure or other means,
and the hand rail is formed in two parts, so as to be capable of being moved
into an inclined or slanting position, and thereby produce a better face on the
cloth. The reed or slay is moved into this position by pattern surface acting
upon arms or other instruments. Adjusting screws may be applied to hold the
slay firm at the beat up.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Bottomley and Alexander Hennah Martin in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES'
BOTTOMLEY, of North Bierly, near Bradford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, and ALEXANDER HENNAH MARTIN, of the same Place, Mechanic,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,"
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James Bottomley and Alexander Hennah Martin, Her special licence that we,
the said James Bottomley and Alexander Hennah Martin, our exécutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Bottomley
and Alexander Hennah Martin, our executors, administrators, and assigns.
should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should. and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain'
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Bottomley and Alexander Hennah
Martin, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Bottomley and Alexander
Hennah Martin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:―
The improvements relate, first, to means for giving motion to rotary shuttle
boxes or series of shuttle chambers capable of rotating upon an axis of motion;
as also to other series of shuttle boxes capable of moving, in order that any
one of the series may, when desired, be brought into a line with the lay to
effect change of weft.
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, the said James
Bottomley, with my brothers, we described a series of studs of different lengths

page_text: standing out from the faces of part wheels or plates, and capable of taking into
and for a time acting as teeth, with the teeth or projections of another wheel,
to give partial rotary motion thereto, and thence to the shuttle boxes, the
amount of rotation being controlled by the number of such studs for the time
caused to act.
And one part of the present improvements consists in improved means of
employing such character of stud wheels. For this purpose the rotary axis of
the series of shuttle chambers is connected to the axis of the wheel operated
by studs by means of an endless chain or band passing over suitable wheels
on the respective axes, or it may be by a pair of connecting rods and cranks,
or otherwise, in order that they may rotate together; and the sliding required
to such stud wheels, in order that the studs of either or both of them may be
altogether away from the tooth wheel with which they are capable of working,
or that one, two, or other number of them may be in gear therewith, is effected
by levers, one to each stud wheel, and which are operated direct from pro-
jections or elevations carried by the series of cards or other pattern surface
employed to operate such levers, the projections or elevations being of varying
heights, suitable to produce the desired extent of motion to the levers. The
barrel we employ for operating the series of cards has motion given to it by a
thread or worn on the crank or other suitable shaft, the thread or worm taking
into the teeth of a pinion on such barrel, and being formed only partially spiral
to its axis, so as to hold the barrel stationary for a time, and then to give to
it the desired partial rotation to bring up a fresh operating surface. The
barrel is connected to the pinion by a clutch arrangement, to facilitate the
turning of it, without at the same time turning the pinion, when it may be
desired to change cards. And the hollow axis of the wheel operated by the
studs is also formed in two parts, with teeth at the adjoining surfaces, borne
together by spring pressure, so that a yield to the parts may be permitted in
the event of any obstruction to their motion, in manner such as explained in
the former Specification referred to. The one or both of the chain wheels for
giving rotary motion to the series of shuttle boxes by a chain or band is formed
with clutch box or such like connection, which, in place of fitting tightly,
admits of a slight play, sufficient to compensate for the drag upon the chain
or band, which would otherwise tend to pull round the box as the batten
moves to and fro; and when employing connecting rods or other means of
communicating motion to the shuttle boxes, slight play to the parts will be
given for the same purpose.
Secondly, the improvements relate to working the levers for sliding the
stud wheels from jacquard apparatus employed to work the harness of the
-

page_text: loom. For this purpose we connect the levers for sliding the stud wheels to
the jacquard apparatus by a series of cords or bands, or other suitable con-
nections, corresponding with the number of studs in the stud wheels, and
adapted in length to give, when lifted, the desired motion to such levers; and
we apply holding means to retain the levers in position whilst operating.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to another method of giving motion to
rotary shuttle boxes. For this purpose we employ an endless chain, passing
over a toothed wheel connected to the series of shuttle chambers, and also
over a wheel placed eccentrically upon the crank or other suitable driving
shaft, in such manner as to compensate for the vibratory motion of the boxes;
and this chain is provided with studs capable of being acted upon by levers
actuated by card or other suitable pattern surface, to stop its progressive
motion, and thereby cause it to move the series of boxes for the desired
change, at which time the chain will slip on the surface of the excentric
wheel.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to means for holding the series of boxes
in position when a selection has been made, and for releasing. the same for a
fresh selection. For this purpose the tendency of the holding means is, by
spring or otherwise, to release itself, so that the boxes may freely move, and
it is brought into a holding position by leverage acted upon by a cam or
tappet, and such leverage is formed with spring or such like elastic connection,
capable of yielding to prevent breakage in the event of derangement. of the
parts.
Fifthly, the improvements relate to means for governing the order of motion
to a series of shuttle chambers from jacquard apparatus employed to work the
harness of the loom, by cords therefrom being connected to levers, which by
rods operate the drivers for acting upon the ratchet or pin wheels to give
motion to the series of shuttle chambers. A rocking bar takes into the ends
of those levers to hold them out of action, or either of them, as selected by the.
jacquard in position for action. This rocking bar is actuated by a cam or
tappet on the crank or other suitable shaft. The alternate rotary motion may
be connected to the reciprocating motion required for series of shuttle boxes
formed to slide instead of rotate.
Sixthly, the improvements relate to means for effecting changes in the order
of lifting and lowering leaves of heddles, so as to change from plain to satin or
tweel, or otherwise. According to one arrangement, the rods from the lever
arms operating the leaves of healds or heddles, in place of being affixed at their
lower ends to the heddle levers, are at those parts formed with hooks, capable

page_text: of being. acted upon by studs projecting from the heddle levers, and each
heddle lever is capable of operating at the same time upon two or more of
such hooked rods, which rods are moved out of position for being operated by
the heddle levers as desired by pattern surface.
One method of operating these hooked rods which we employ is by studs or
projections upon the card or pattern surface acting upon a lever to bring a
star wheel in connection with a stud on a rotating axis, which gives motion to
a barrel or cylinder, with pins or projections arranged in the order required to
actuate levers in connection with the hooked rods.
According to another arrangement the arms operating the leaves of healds
or heddles are connected to separate rods, each provided with two hooks; one
of the hooks of each of such rods is capable of being brought into position to.
be operated by a rising and falling bar, and the other hook of each rod by.
another rising and falling bar, or the two hooks of each rod may be missed by.
both bars. These bars are operated by levers actuated from the tappet or
other suitable shaft, and may form parts of such levers.--
We also apply holding means capable of retaining any of the booked bars
in position when they have been operated by the heddle-levers.
The order of selection of the rods may be governed by levers operated by.
suitable pattern surface or by needles operated by perforated cards.
Seventhly, the improvements relate to operating the selvage threads. of;
adjoining selvages of fabrics woven side by side in one piece, to be separated
afterwards by cutting up, and thereby form distinct. breadths. We effect this
by a system of alternate cross motion to such selvage threads, one or more of
these threads being caused to pass through separate eyes or guides, whilst
another or others to each pass alternately from one side thereof under to the
other, and are there tied in by the weft.
Eighthly, the improvements relate to means of operating the slay or reed.
For this purpose the slay is held in position by spring pressure or other means,
and the hand rail is formed in two parts, so as to be capable of being moved
into an inclined or slanting position, and thereby produce a better face on the
cloth. The reed or slay is moved into this position by pattern surface acting
upon arms or other instruments. Adjusting screws may be applied to hold the
slay firm at the beat up.
But that the nature of these our improvements, and the means which we
have found to answer in carrying the same into effect, may be fully understood,
we will proceed to describe the Drawings aunexed.
.

page_text: "
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A.
Figure 1 of which shews an end view, Figure 2 a part of a front view, and
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, details of parts of a loom, arranged to carry out
the first part of our Invention. a, a, represents the main framing; b, the
crank axis; and c, the cam or tappet shaft; d, the batten or lay; and d³, one
of the lay swords turning upon the axis of motion d³; e is one of the rotary or
series of rotating shuttle chambers affixed to a hollow axis e, capable of
rotating on a fixed stud carried by the bracket d³ affixed to and moving with
the parts of the batten'in manner such as is now well understood where rotary.
shuttle boxes are used. Upon this hollow axis e is affixed a drum or pulley,
on which, as also on the drum or pulley f, passes the endless strap or band'f',
thereby connecting those pulleys, so that motion given to the pulley fmay, be
imparted to the drum or pulley 'e³, and thence to the series of shuttle cham-
berse. The strap or band f¹ we form, by preference, of alternate layers' of;
vulcanized or prepared india-rubber and strong linen or canvas with eyelet
holes therethrough, lined with metal to take on to pins in the surface of the;
drums or pulleys and f, to insure their moving at the same surface speed,
but a band of brass, steel, or other metal, tempered to suit, or a chain or
other suitable endless connection may be employed.
The drum or pulley f is affixed to a hollow axis f, with which is also:con-
nected the tooth wheel f³, the teeth of which are capable of being taken into
by studs g¹ and h¹ standing out respectively from the surfaces of the wheels g
and h, each of which is capable of sliding on its axis, so as to bring any or all
of the studs projecting therefrom; into gear with the teeth of the wheel when
required to give partial rotary motion thereto. The teeth of the wheel g take
into the teeth of the wheel h, and the teeth of the wheel h take into and receive.
motion from the teeth of the wheel h³ affixed on the tappet shaft, and these
wheels are of breadth sufficient to admit of the wheels g or h sliding on their
axes for the purpose explained, without their leaving gear.
'
This sliding motion of the wheels g and h on their fixed axes g³, h³, is effected:
at the times desired by means of levers i, j, the lower end of each of which is
forked, to embrace the neck formed on the bosses of the wheels g and h,
whilst they are capable of turning on the fixed pin¹ as an axis of motion, and
at their upper ends they carry trucks or bowls, to be operated' upon by
the projections or elevations carried by the series of cards or pattern surfaces k,
which are connected together by rings k³, and are, as is well understood,..
brought into position for acting on the upper ends of the levers i or j by the
rotation of the barrel or cylinder l..

page_text: The surfaces may be formed of cast or wrought brass or other metal, and
the projections or elevations may be cast with them or applied separately, or
the pattern surfaces may be formed partly of paper or cardboard, or other
suitable material, with the projections thereon of metal, connected by pins or
otherwise, as shewn by Figures 9 and 10 of these Drawings, where the surfaces
k are of cardboard connected together by cord or band ³, and the operating
projections or elevations are of brass or other suitable metal, affixed by
pins to the surfaces k.
The stud wheel g is furnished with three studs g¹ of different lengths, and is
for the purpose of giving rotary motion to the series of shuttle chambers in one
direction, whilst the studs h¹-in the stud wheel hare for giving motion to the
series of boxes in the opposite direction, in manner such as was fully described
in the said former Specification of Patent referred to, but the number of studs.
in the wheels g, h, will depend upon the number of shuttle chambers in the
series employed, and-consequent change of box desired; and in order that the
stud wheels may be slided different distances on their_axes, so as to bring one,
two, or more of their studs into position to act on the teeth of the wheel f³, or
so that such studs may be altogether clear of the teeth in the wheel f³, there
are projections of different elevations on the surfaces k, adapted to give the
different extent of movements desired to the upper ends of the levers i and j,
whilst some of those surfaces are without any projections at all, and when
these plain surfaces are in position to act, the wheels g and h will be both
kept clear of the teeth of the wheels. The barrel or cylinder 7 is affixed to
the hollow axis ', so as to revolve freely upon the fixed.axis 13, and upon the
axis l'is affixed the toothed wheel 1, which, in order to motion being given
to the barrel or cylinder 2, is acted upon by the thread or worm m affixed
upon the crank shaft.
And in order that this thread or worm m may hold the wheel P, and con-
sequently the barrel or cylinder l, stationary for a time, and then only cause
that barrel to make a partial rotation to the extent desired for bringing up a
fresh operating surface, it is formed as. more clearly shewn by the detail views,
Figures 3 and 4.
.
The hollow axis is formed in two parts connected together by a clutch
arrangement, in order that when desired facility may be given to turn the
barrel without turning the wheel P. For this purpose, between the right-
hand end of the hollow axis and the bearing a' of the stationary axis &, there
is a filling piece n affixed to the slide n', and which when so placed keeps the
parts of the hollow axis in position to move together; but when it may be
desired to separate part of the axis l' carrying the barrel from that carrying

page_text: the wheel, it will simply be necessary to raise the slide n¹ so as to withdraw.
the filling piece n from between the end of the axis and the bearing a¹,
when the part of the axis carrying the.barrel may be slided and then caused
to rotate independently. The wheel is connected to the hollow axis f* by
the pressure of a spring faided by the toothed surfaces f", by which a yielding
to the parts may be permitted in the event of any obstruction to their motion,.
in manner such as described in the former Specification referred to. The.
drum or pulley is connected to the hollow axis e by a clutch box, the.
parts of which, in place of fitting tightly, we prefer to have a slight play, as.
shewn, sufficient to compensate for any drag upon the band or chain f¹
employed, and which drag would have a tendency to pull the box or series of.
chambers partly round as the batten moves to and fro, and if desired like
character of play may be admitted between the connection of the drum or
pulley wheelf with its hollow axis f³..
In place of motion being communicated from the axis f to the axis of the
series of shuttle chambers by means of an endless strap or band, we sometimes
employ for this purpose a pair of connecting rods, attached by crank pins to.
the respective axes, an arrangement according to. which is shewn by Figures
12, 18, and 14 of these Drawings A, where the same letters are employed to
indicate like parts to those already described: In place of the drum or pulley f
there is a plate o with combined pins o¹, o³, to receive one end of the con-
necting rods 0, 0, the other ends of which are received on to the combined
pins 0, 0, carried by the plate o affixed on the axis of the series of shuttle.
chambers; and when thus employing connecting rods in place of an endless
band to communicate motion to the series of shuttle chambers, we.form the.
connecting parts with slight play between them, as shewn, and for the reason
already referred to.
.
Figure 15 of these same Drawings shews a method of obtaining various.
distances of traverse to the stud wheels g or h by the use of projections on:
the card surfaces employed of uniform elevation, the variations in distance of
traverse being effected by variations on the surfaces of the wheels ",, carried.
by the levers i, j; and it will be seen that to the wheel there. are three
elevations. (1), (2), (3), and to the wheel two variations, (1.); (2); this
number of variations will however be varied with any variation in the number
of shuttle chambers employed as suggested.
$
---
We will now describe the second part of our Invention, which is represented
by Drawings B, Figure 1 of which shews a front view, and Figure 2 an end
view, of parts of a loom arranged according to this head of the Invention.. To

page_text: prevent unnecessary repetition in the description of these Figures, we have in
these Drawings B, wherever the parts are similar to those already described,
simply marked them with the same letters of reference.
According to this arrangement the upper ends of the levers i, j, in place of
being operated by jacquard or pattern surface applied to the end of the loom,
are each, by means of a rod or cord p, connected to one end of an L lever p
turning upon an axis p², whilst it is by means of cords p³, p, p, connected to
the ordinary..jacquard apparatus. above the loom. And it will be seen that
the cords p³, p, p³, are connected to the levers plat distances from the axis of
motion thereof, adapted with the same lift to the cords p³, p*, po, to-effect the
desired movement to the levers i or j to operate the stud wheels in the manner
explained. x, x, are toothed holders, for holding the upper ends of the levers
and in the position. to which they are selected by the jacquard till it is
desired to effect a fresh change, when. these holders by being withdrawn
admit of the levers i, j, slipping therefrom. The holders x, x, are at their
upper ends formed on or affixed to a lever a², which turns upon a stud³
whilst its lower ends passes under, and is operated by the lever s; a spring
draws the holders a on to the levers i, j, when released by the lever s.
Figure 3 shews a modification of this part of the improvements. In this
case the levers.i.and jare at their upper ends capable of being operated -to
move them by either of a series of levers y turning upon a fixed stud y', and
all these levers y are, by means of separate cords y³, operated by the jacquard
to move like distancės; but the. projections (3) thereon, being of different
heights, will cause them to give motion to the upper ends of those levers.to
different distances as required.
We will now, by. the aid of Drawing C, describe the third part of the
improvements. Figure 1 of these Drawings represents part of a front view,
and Figure 2 parts of an end view, of a loom with this head of the Invention
applied thereto. The batten or lay is carried by the lay swords, and is
operated by a crank or other means, so as to have a to-and-fro motion given
to it for the beat up, and upon the axis e¹ of the series of shuttle chambers is
affixed a drum or pulley e², with teeth or projections to take into the links of
the chain or endless band q, which also passes over the wheel r affixed
eccentrically upon the crank axis, so as thereby to compensate for the
difference of distance between the batten or lay and the crank shaft or axis
in the motions of the batten; and when it is desired to cause a partial rotation
to the series of boxes, so as to effect a change of shuttle, or bring a fresh
shuttle cliamber in a line with the lay, such motion is obtained by holding the

page_text: chain during the front motion of the batten, so as to cause it-to pull partly
round the series of boxes to the extent desired; and this holding of the chain
or band q we effect by means of the levers 7, which turn upon centres of
motion r³, and are operated to place them in position to catch against 'the
projections q¹ from the chain 9 by means of suitable pattern surface k, the
projections on which vary in. length according to the. time during which the
levers are required to be in operation, whilst the levers.³ are, except when
operated by the pattern surface employed, drawn away from catching the
pins 9 by springs 7. When the. chain q is thus held by the levers, it is
controlled to slip on the surface of the eccentric r.
i
We will now describe the fourth part of our improvements; which is shewn
in various views of the Drawings marked A, B, and C. Upon the cam or
tappet shaft c.is applied a cam.s, which, in its rotation, acts upon the truck or
bowls carried by one end of the lever s³, which turns. upon a centre of
motions, and at its. other end presses upon one end of the lever s', which
turns upon the pin.s carried by the framing d³, and at its other end bears
upon thé under end of the pin s; the upper end. of which. is formed, as is well
understood, as a T. or squaring piece, thougli its operating surface is somewhat
curved to square the shuttle boxes. The end of the lever s'has a tendency
by its weight to follow the course of the cam s, but if, this should be found
insufficient, a spring may be applied to aid that tendency, and the course of
this cam's. combined with the form of the lever s is such, as to keep the
squaring piece " borne towards the hexagonal plate s on the axis of the
series of shuttle boxes, till they are required to be released and free at the
time for effecting change of box; and if desired, spring pressure may be
applied to aid the releasing of the parts when they are desired to be free:
And in order to avoid breakage of the parts in the event of derangement in
working, as also to hold the parts more steadily, we form the lever s* in two
parts, united by the hinge joint s³, and kept in working condition by the spring.
plates, which is of strength. sufficient to keep the part of that lever rigid-for
working purposes, but yet sufficiently yielding to admit of a giving way with-
out breakage, when from accidental circumstances derangement of the parts
may take place; and the application of this joint and the spring to the lever's?
also gives elasticity to that lever to enable it to hold the lever. more steadily. in
position after or between each change or driving picking. This lever, if
desired, may be formed. sufficiently elastic for the purpose without being
jointed.
%
We will now.proceed to describe the fifth part of the improvements by.

page_text: reference to Drawings D, Figure 1 of which shows parts of an end view, and
Figure 2 parts of a front view, of a loom with this head of our Invention
applied thereto. t, t, are the drivers for operating the ratchet wheels t¹ on
the axis of the series of shuttle chambers; one of those drivers t when
brought into position being capable of acting upon one of the ratchet wheels
t¹ to drive the series of shuttle chambers in one direction, whilst the other,
as is well understood, operates upon the other ratchet wheel t¹ to drive the
series of boxes in the opposite direction. As these boxes are shown by the
Drawings in full, they are out of the way of operating on either of the ratchet
wheels t¹, and the dotted lines shew the positions of them when in position to
operate on the ratchet wheels. t¹ in the forward motion of the batten. These
drivers t turn upon studs, and are connected each to a separate lever t³ by
means of an adjustable rod t-Each lever turns upon the fixed pin t, and
at its other end is formed to be acted upon, and held as shown, when the parts
are out of position for working, by a vibrating rod or rocking bar to, or to hold
them in position for action as indicated by the dotted lines. The levers t³ are
acted upon by the jacquard for selection by the cords or bands &, the lower
end of each of which is connected to one end of a lever t, which turns upon
a fixed pin to, and at its other end is by a rod t connected to one or the
other of the levers .. The rocking bar t is affixed to or formed on the end
of a lever t, which turns upon a pin t¹ and is operated to move the bar t
out of the way of the ends of the levers 3 by means of the cam or tappet tis
affixed upon the cam or tappet shaft c, whilst the lever t¹¹ is borne towards
the cam or tappet ta by the spring t". When desired to convert the alternate
rotary motion of the shuttle boxes of this or other arrangements into a
reciprocating one for series of shuttle boxes formed to slide instead of to
rotate, this may be done by placing wheels t, or other wheels operated upon
the axis of a pinion or pinions taking into the teeth of a rack or racks on the
shuttle box frame.
.
'
We will now proceed to describe the sixth part of the improvements.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING E,
which shews an end view of parts of a loom with adaptations according to
one system or method of carrying out this head of the Invention. Figure A
shows by a
plan view some of these parts separately. a, a, is the framing of
the crank and c. the tappet shafts: ee are the lever arms for
the loom

page_text: out from the ordinary jack rods &² to connect the arms with the heddle
levers or treddles h, which turn upon a fixed pin h', and are operated by cams
or tappets h upon the cam or tappet shaft c, or by other suitable means, as
is well understood. But according to this part of the improvements, whilst
the upper ends of the rods g, g, rest, so as to be capable of being shifted upon
the back ends of lever arms e, their lower ends in place of being continually
affixed to the outer ends of the levers or treddles are at such parts loose
therefrom, and formed with hooks to take on to studs or projections h³ carried
by the levers h, and these studs h³ are of length sufficient to take on to several
of such hooked ends at the same time; and we move these rods g into position
for being taken by or of missing the studs h³, as indicated by the Drawings,
by means of suitable pattern surface. These Drawings show one method we
adopt for this purpose. The rods 9 have a tendency by their weight, which
may, if desired, be aided by spring or other pressure to incline in position to
be taken by the studs h³, and they are moved in the opposite direction by
means of the levers i, which are capable of turning upon the fixed stud or
projection, and of being acted upon by the pins or projections j¹ from the
cylinder or barrel j, arranged to produce changes in the working of the
heddles; and this barrel is caused to rotate, or partially so, to oring up fresh
pins or projections at the times desired in the following manner:-m is a
worm wheel upon the crank axis 6, of a form suited to give notion at the time
desired to the barrel or cylinder k to bring up thereon a fresh card or pattern
surface, the wheel m taking into the teeth of the pinion upon the axis of
the cylinder k. The card or pattern surface employed is formed with pro-
jections where required to act upon the pulley wheel A, carried by one end
of the lever 1, which turns upon the fixed pin P, and at the other end is
forked to embrace the neck j' formed on the hollow axis j³, upon which is
affixed the star wheel j, by which to bring the star wheel in position for the
teeth thereof to be taken into by the pin or projection j standing out from
the inside of the wheel m. The spring has a tendency to draw the lever
in the opposite direction, so as to withdraw the wheel j' from the pin or
projection jo.
A modification of this part of the improvements is shewn by Drawings F.
According to this arrangement the rods gare each provided at their lower ends
with a pair of hooks g', g; the hooks g¹ are capable of being operated by the
bar m, formed on or affixed to the lever m³, whilst the hooks g³ are capable
of being operated by the bar n, carried by the lever u³, or the rods g may be
so operated as to hold both these hooks in position to be missed by the bars m

page_text: 'or n. The levers m', n', and' consequently the bars m, n, are operated by cams
or tappets o, o, to which they are borne by means of the weights m², n². The
order of selection of these rods, so as to place them in position for either of
their hooks being taken by the bars mi or n, or of being missed by both of
them, is governed by means of needles operated by cards, as shown. p is a
row of needles or wires adapted to push the rods g so that the hooks g¹ thereof
may come in contact with the bar n, as well as to push them out of the way
of the bar m at the time they are to miss such bar in, and when not operated
by the row of pins p, hooks g¹ will be in position to be taken by the bar m;
the card cylinder is supported by the frame r', which has projections to
embrace the excentrics by which that frame is moved to and fro, to cause
the card or pattern surface carried by the cylinder r to operate on the needles
or wires desired; and in this to-and-fro motion the partial rotation of the
'cylinder is effected by the catch turning at one end on the stud, whilst
its other end acts on the pins on the cylinder r. The rods g are also pro-
vided with studs or projections g³, capable of being acted upon by the ends of
fevers t, whose upper ends turn upon a fixed pin t', so as to hold those rods g
which has been selected, downwards for any length of time when a selection
has taken place these levers t are operated by the needles 9 as shewn. are
short levers or arms on the ends of the jack rods or axes e', the cranked ends
of which in the sing of the arms e come against the back of the supports &³,
to adjust the amount of descent of the leaves of heddles.
We will now, aided by Drawings G, proceed to describe the seventh part
of our improvements. Figure 1 of these Drawings shews a sectional view of
a loom with this part of the Invention applied thereto; Figures 2 and 3 show
the operating parts separately, half full size. A selvage thread of each
adjoining fabric passes through an eye a carried by the stationary frame b,
whilst the thread that is to cross with such thread and open shed therewith
alternately on one side and then the other thereof is passed through an eye c,
and each of these eyes c is connected to a band d which passes under a pulley
wheel e, and is thence connected to a band of india-rubber d', or otherwise,
with a tendency to draw the eye round from the position indicated by Figure 2
to that indicated by Figure 4; the other part of each eye c is, by means of a
cord f, connected to the small drum or pulley g, upon which, and so as to act
together upon the same axis g¹, is affixed the smaller pulley g, to which it is
connected one end of the band h, the other end of which is connected to, and,
so as to be operated by- one of the lever arms for operating the leaves of
heddles, as shewn..
.

page_text: Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8; shew a modification of this part of the improvements
adapted to cause two threads to cross a single selvage warp thread. For this
purpose there are two sets of eyes c to each eye ȧ, and they are so arranged,
that when one is moving in to cause the thread guided thereby to cross the
thread guided by the eye a in one direction, the thread guided by the other
eye c will be moving in the opposite direction; but as the parts of this adap-
tation are operated in like manner to those just described, we have thought it.
unnecessary to repent the description of the same here, and have simply marked
them with the same letters of reference employed to illustrate the previous
Figures.
We will now describe the eighth part of our improvements, which is shewn
applied to Drawings F, and more clearly by the sectional views, Figures 3'
and 4. It will be seen that the hand rail is formed in two parts A, A', the
part A', in which the upper edge of the reed A³ rests, being moveable, so as to
admit of the reed assuming the two positions indicated by Figures 3 and 4.
When in the position, Figure 3, the reed is capable of acting to guide the
shuttle correctly along the race; when in the position indicated by Figure 4,
the reed being inclined is better adapted in beating up to act upon the weft;
and bring it towards the surface. These motions to the reed are obtained in the
following manner :-The part A¹ is connected to the upper ends of levers B,
which turn upon fixed axes B¹, and at their other ends are acted upon by
springs C, with a tendency to draw them down and hold the part A' in the
position indicated by Figure 8, but as the batten comes forward for the beat-
up, the front ends of the levers B will come on to the surfaces D, and be lifted,
and thereby move back the part A³, so as to incline the reed A, as indicated
by the Figure 4, for the beat up. In some cases it may be desirable to
arrange the parts of the batten so that the reed when acting according to this
part of the improvements may swing from the top in place of from the bottom,
somewhat in the manner of an ordinary loose reed, but controlled in the
manner referred to, to act at the beat up in an inclined direction. E is an
adjustable stop, of which there is one near each end of the batten to support
the part A' at the beat up.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the means we
adopt in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we
do not confine ourselves to the precise details shown and described, as these
may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of our improve-
ments. We would also state, that the arrangement of the shuttle box motion
shown and described may be applied to each end of the loom for weaving pick
and pick; but what we do claim is,-

page_text: First, the employment of an endless band, or strap, or chain, as a means of
communicating motion to the series of shuttle chambers in combination with
the use of stud wheels, or the equivalents thereof, substantially as explained
in respect of Drawings A; also, we claim giving motion to rotary shuttle
boxes by means of a pair of connecting rods with crank motions, substantially
as explained in respect of Drawings A; also, we claim the adaptation of levers
i, j, for operating stud wheels f³, or their equivalents, operated in manner and
for the purpose substantially as explained in respect of Drawings A; also, we
claim the application of clutch connection to the barrel of the jacquard, or
other pattern surface employed, combined with means of holding the same
together, and of admitting their being released, substantially as explained in
respect of Drawings A; also, we claim the application of clutch connections
to the pulleys or wheels operated by the chains or bands giving motion to the
series of shuttle boxes or chambers, and the forming the parts thereof, with
slight play between them, and also the adaptation of like play to the parts
when connecting rods are used to give motion to the series of boxes, in manner
and for the purpose substantially as explained; also, we claim the use of
pattern surfaces as a means of communicating motion to the levers i, j, in
connection with stud wheels, or equivalents thereof, substantially as explained
in respect of Drawings A.
Secondly, we claim the working the levers for sliding the stud wheels the
distance desired from cords, which are not necessarily of different lengths,
operated by the jacquard apparatus employed to work the harness of the loom,
combined with holding means a, a, substantially as explained in respect of
Drawings B.
Thirdly, we claim giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes or series of shuttle
chambers by an endless chain, in combination with an excentric wheel, and
means for holding it when required, substantially as explained in respect of
Drawings C.
5
5
Fourthly, we claim the application of a lever s, formed jointed, or otherwise 3
elastic, and operating by cams or tappets, in manner and for the purpose sub-
stantially as explained in respect of Drawings A, B, and C, under this head of
the Invention.
Fifthly, we claim the means of governing the order of motion to the series
of shuttle chambers from the jacquard employed to work the harness of the s
loom, substantially as explained in respect of Drawings D.
Sixthly, we claim the adaptation and combination of means for operating
lever arms a working leaves of heddles, substantially as explained in respect of
Drawing E; also we claim the adaptation and combination of means for

page_text: actuating lever arms & working leaves of heddles, substantially as explained in
respect of Drawings F.
Seventhly, we claim the adaptation and combination of means for operating
selvage threads, acting substantially as explained in respect of Drawings G.
Eighthly, we claim forming the reed moveable to operate in manner and
for the purpose substantially as explained in respect of Drawings F; also, we
claim the general arrangement, adaptation, and combination of parts in
manner and for the purposes substantially as set forth.
In witness. whereof, we, the said James Bottomley and Alexander
Hennah Martin, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth
day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-eight.
Witness,
JOSEPH SWAINE,
JAMES BOTTOMLEY. .
(L.B.)
ALEXANDER HENNAH MARTIN. (L.s.)
of Great Horton, n* Bradford.