CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RINGS, STRAPS, BANDS AND BANDAGES, CORDS AND STRING, AND IN THEIR APPLICATION TO CLOCKWORK, TO Locks AND OTHER FASTENINGS, TO PRESSES, TO BOOKS, TO PAPER-HOLDERS, TO CANDLE LAMPS, TO WINDOW SASHES, TO DOORS, TO WINDOW BLINDS, TO SEATS AND SURFACES FOR LYING AND RECLINING UPON
Year: 1846

page_text: PERKIS SPECI
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STEPHEN
PERRY, of Woodland Place, Saint John's Wood, Gentleman, send giceting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Greal Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of May,
in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successois, give
and grant unto me, the said Stephen Perry, my eñois, aduiors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Stephen
Perry, my exors, adññois, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Stephen
Perry, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RINGS, STRAPS, BANDS AND
BANDAGES, CORDS AND STRING, AND IN THEIR APPLICATION TO CLOCKWORK, TO
Locks AND OTHER FASTENINGS, TO PRESSES, TO BOOKS, TO PAPER-HOLDERS, TO
CANDLE LAMPS, TO WINDOW SASHES, TO DOORS, TO WINDOW BLINDS, TO SEATS
AND SURFACES FOR LYING AND RECLINING UPON," in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that I, the said Stephen Perry, should cause a pai-
ticular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Stephen Peny, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully-described-and-ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Diawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say-
My Invention consists, first, of improvements in manufacturing elastic rings
and bands when using a certam preparation of india-rubber (caoutchouc),
applicable for a variety of purposes
Secondly, my Invention consists in using a certain preparation of india-
rubber (caoutchouc) in the manufacture of straps, bands, and bandages.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in using a certain preparation of india-rubber
(caoutchouc) in the manufacture of cords and string
Fourthly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain preparation
of india-rubber (caoutchouc) to give motion to clockwork.
Fifthly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain preparation
of india-rubber (caoutchouc) to the moving-of-spring-bolts-of locks, and of
other fastenings having such bolts.
Sixthly, my Invention-consists in applying springs of a certain preparation
of india-rubber (caoutchouc) to presses.
Seventhly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain preparation
of india-rubber (caoutchouc) to memorandum and other books, for the purpose
of keeping such books closed
•
Eighthly, my Invention consists in applying spings of a certain preparation
of india-1ubber (caoutchou) to portfolios, and other instruments for holding
paper.
Ninthly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain preparation
of india-rubber (caoutchouc) to candle lamps, for raising candles therein up to
the nozels as they are consumed.
Tenthly, my Invention consists in applying straps of a certain preparation of
india-rubber (caoutchouc) to windows and doors, so as to prevent noise by the
shaking and shutting of the windows or of the doors, and also the better to
exclude drafts of an and ram.
Eleventhly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain prepara-
tion of india-rubber (caoutchouc) for raising window sashes.
Twelfthly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain preparation
of india-rubber (caoutchouc to the closing of doors

page_text: Thirteenthly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain pre-
paration of india-rubber (caoutchouc) to the apparatus used for raising window
blinds.
Fourteenthly, my Invention consists in applying springs of a certain pic-
paration of india-rubber (caoutchouc) in forming seats and surfaces for lying
and reclining upon.
In order, however, that my Invention may be most fully understood, and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by
me in performing the same. It is well known that india-rubbor in its natural
state becomes hard with low temperature, and is materially injured by high
temperature; and, further, that if india-rubber be held for 'some time in a
distended state, that it becomes set, and looses its elasticity till heat is applied;
but it has been discovered by Mr Alexander Paikes, of Birmingham, that
india-1ubber (caoutchouc) may be so treated as to give it greater strength and
more permanent elasticity, notwithstanding varying temperatures, and such
manufacture is now well known, and is made under Letters Patent granted to
Mi. Paikes, such process consisting of submitting caoutchouc to solutions
capable of producing that change, or by using the changing agents in a state of
gas, or by incorporating such changing agents with the caoutchouc when
kneading it by machinery, the changing agents being chloride of sulphur o
hypochloride of sulphur and other chlorides, also nitiates, nitiites, fluorides,
bromides, iodides, sulphurets, phosphorets of the earths and metals, used in a
state of solution, or combined by mixing or kneading, and gases, such as sul-
phurous acid gas, chlorine gas, nitrous acid gas, and fluonne gas, and also
vapours of biomine or iodine, used when in the gaseous or in aeriform state,
using solvents with such matters, as described by the said Mr. Parkes, and
such process of manufacture has been fully described by him in his Speci-
fication. And I mention these cucumstances in order to give the best
information to the manufacturers, and to state that I make no claim to the pie-
paration of india-rubber herein mentioned My Invention consists of applying
such preparation of india-rubber in constructing on manufacturing the articles
herein mentioned
The first part of my Invention consists of manufacturing elastic rings and
bands, by forming them endless, either in circles, cylinders, or other figures
producing endless rings and bands, which are applicable to various uses..
Figure 1 shows a cucula ng of the prepared india-rubber, and Figure 2 a
cylindrical ing; that of Figure 1 is cut out of a sheet of the prepared india-
rubber, and that at Figure 2 16 cut from a tube of the prepared india-rubber;
and Figure 3 is another form of ring or endless band 'These lings. endless

page_text: springs, or elastic bands are suitable for a great variety of purposes, and may
be made of any size and strength, according to the purpose to which they are
to be applied They may be covered with silk, leather, or other fabric, and
_used_as_belts, bandages, garters, or wristbands, also for going over other
bandages to retain them in their places, in placo of using-bands of tape.or
other such means of fastening, and they will be peculiarly applicable for
securing the paper or other covering of jars containing preserves or other
articles, and, in fact, for a great variety of purposes.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention Figure 4 shows a
plan and an edge view of a trowser strap, formed out of a piece of india-rubber
prepared as before stated. a, a, are the holes for the buttons to pass through,
by which the straps are fastened to the trowsers. These holes are made much
smaller than the diameter of the buttons which are to pass through them, but
they will readily expand when being applied, and in making such holes it is
important that they should be formed by an instrument which will either
remove a circular pieco from the prepared india-rubber, or that the holes, when
of an elongated shape, shall have circular ends to them, for it is found by
cutting simply slits with sharp ends that the holes so formed readily break
out, which is not so liable to be the case-when--formed as herein descubed.
Figure 5 shows a plan and an edge view of a strap, to be used as a garter or
other band, formed of the prepared india-rubber; it has a button at b, which
is capable of being secured to the other end of the strap by being passed
through any one of the holes a, a; or, in place of a button being secured on to
one end of the strap, there may be holes, such as shown at a', at both ends,
and the two ends may be held together, so as to form for the time being a itng
or endless band, by means of studs, as is well understood. In making bands or
bandages with leather or woven or other fabric requiring elasticity, the strips
or bands of the prepared india-rubber herein mentioned may be inserted
between or so connected with the fabric as to be the means of connecting
separate parts of girths, belts, or other bandages. The construction of bandages
being very numerous, though not materially differing from each other so far as
their requirement for spings or elasticity, it will not be necessary to show
every anlangement of bandage which may have springs applied to them,
according to my Invention; but it will be sufficient to show different means of
applying the springs to some classes, and then the person making up other
forms of bandages than are shewn will readily apply the spings of the prepared
india-1ubber thereto, according to this part of my Invention, which consists of
applying such spings to girths, belts, or other bandages made of woven or other
fabric or leather, and not in the form of the guths, belts, or other bandages.

page_text: Figure 6 shows part of a band to be used as a girth, having the prepared
india-rubber a, in the form of an endless band, passing over the metal loops b,
to be used as springs intermediate of the guth and the buckles Figure 7
shows part of a belt for the human form; the two ends of the woven portion c
are connected by straps and buckles with springs a, a, of the prepared india-
rubber. Figure 8 shews a knee-cap or bandage for the knce of a hoise, the
parts of the straps d, d, of which are connected by springs a, a, as is shewn
Figure 9 shews a band to be applied to the waistband of a pan of trowsers,
and Figure 10 a band to be applied to the back of a waistcoat, and such spring
bands may in like manner be applied to boots, so as to render lacing or
buttoning unnecessary, as also to the gussets of stays. I prefer to enclose
the strips and rings of the prepared india-rubber between two surfaces of
woven fabric, and I do so by sewing or otherwise Joining the two fubiics
together, with the strips or spring a, a, within them, the ends of the strips a, a,
being fastened (when stretched) to the fabric, as is shown, or otherwise. In
like manner bands to form parts of braces, garteis, and other articles are
made, having the springs a, a, inserted in the bands or used as connecting
means between parts thereof, as shewn at Figures 11 and 12, and in this
manner may elasticity be given to girths, belts, and other bandages made of
woven or other fabric or leather, notwithstanding they may differ in shape
fiom those shown in the Drawings
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which consists of
forming cords and string of india-rubber, prepared as herein mentioned
Figure 18 shows a piece of a coid formed of several stands twisted together,
so as to form a cord or string; I manufacture such cords or string from
suitable lengths of the berein mentioned preparation of india-1ubbel, upon
each of which I put twist, I then combine two or more of such twisted lengths
by fastening them together at one end (by tying or otherwise), and then throw
them back by twisting in the opposite direction, and when the required twist
15 put on the combined lengths, I secure the other ends together by tying or
otherwise.
And I would remark, that sometimes in forming such twisted cords or strings,
I use with the strand or strands of prepared india-rubber a strand or strands
of hemp or other non-elastic material, as shown at Figure 14, so as to govern
and control the degree of elasticity given to the cord or string.
I will now describe the fourth part of my Invention, which consists of
applying springs of the herein mentioned preparation of india-rubber to give
motion to clocks. Figure 15 shows an edge view, and Figure 16 a front view
of the interior of so much of a clock as will serve to illustrate this part of my

page_text: Invention.
a is the fusec, which is similar in construction and gives motion
to the other parts of the clock in a similar manner to other fusees To this
fusee is attached the cord or band of prepared india-rubber b, which passes
over the pulley c, and is fastened to the fame in any suitable manner. In
winding up the clock-I-apply-a-key-to the spindle a' in the ordinary way, and
by turning it in the direction of the ariow, I wind the elastic cord on to the
fusee, the cord then by its elasticity has a tendency, in unwinding the fusee,
to give motion to the works of the clock, as is well understood.
I will now describe the fifth part of my Invention. Figure 17 is the
interior view of a door lock, in which the spring bolt a has a spring strap
applied according to my Invention, 6 is the spring strap, made of such changed
india-iubber; the spring stiap is fastened at c to the lock, and it is attached to
the upper part of the back end of the sping bolt, hence, when the fiont end of
the bolt a strikes against the striker, it will slide back, stretching the prepared
india-ubber spring strap, which, by its elasticity, will press back the bolt and
force it outwards when permitted; d is the follower of the lock
I would remark, that with the exception of the spring strap b, the lock is of
an ordinary construction, and forms.no part of my Invention; and in a similai
way my Invention-may-be-applied to mortice and other arrangements of locks
having sping bolts, for it will be evident that the application of springs,
according to this part of my Invention, is not confined to the particular
arrangement of parts contained in the lock, Figure 17. I have not
thought it necessary to enter into a description of the various other parts of
the lock shewn, as they are well understood. Figure 18 shows a back view,
and Figure 19 a section, of a small lock, having only a spring bolt a, with a
sliding handle e, fixed to the bolt; Figure 20 shows an inside view of another
lock, having only a spring bolt a, but the same is moved by a follower acting
in the notch of the bolt a. In each of these Figures, 6 is the spring strap of
prepared india-rubber, which is made into a strap like the previous one, holes
being cut at each end, by which the strap is attached to the pin f, which is
fixed to the bolt a, the strap sping of the changed india-rubber herein men-
tioned embracing the pin 9, which is affixed to the fiaming of the lock;
hence, the bolt a in being forced back the spring is stretched, and the reaction
will force out the bolt a. Figure 21 shows a latch bolt fastening, the bolt a
of which has a spring 6 of prepared india-1ubber attached to pins f and g, as
shewn, by which the bolt is constantly drawn downwards, and in this manner
levers or latch bolts of locks or fastenings may be acted on by having spring
bands applied according to my Invention.
I will now describe the sixth part of my Invention. Figure 22 shews an

page_text: edge view, and Figure 23 a plan, of a piess suitable to be used when taking
copies of letters and other papers, by bringing such in contact under pressure
with damp papei, on which the copies are to be taken, as is well understood,
or for other purposes a is the bottom plate, which should be firmly secured
to a table or other fixed place; b is the top plate, with handles b₁; and c is a
lever, by which the pressure is given. The plate a and the lever care con-
nected together by a strong band a, of the herein mentioned preparation of
india-1ubber, which acts as a spring to allow of a degree of yielding when
pressing anything between the two plates a and b.
I will now describe the seventh part of my Invention. Figure 24 shows a
side view and a section of a memorandum book with a spring strap applied
(for the purpose of retaining the same closed) of india-rubber prepared as
herein described The two ends of the strap c of the prepared india-1ublier
are secured at c', c', to the sides of the book by sewing, rivetting, or other wise,
such sewing or livetting being hidden by the. leather or other ornamental
covering of the sides, and when it is required to open the book, it will only be
necessary to stretch the strap cover one end of the book, and the book may again
be closed and retained closed by replacing the stiap c as before, and as shewn in
the Drawing It will readily be understood from the description here given,
that this description of elastic strap is equally applicable to other description of
books than that here shown, and to portfolios, or instead of the two ends being.
fastened to the sides of the book, as described, only one may be fastened to one
cover, and the other end may have a button hole, or a series of button holes,
such as are described with regard to Figure 5, to button on to the other side
of the book, oi in either case a hook or other fastening might be used.
I will now describe the eighth part of my Invention. Figure 25 shows an
end view, and Figure 26 an interior view of a portfolio, having springs
applied made of the herein mentioned prepared india-rubber h, h, are the
covers, and i, the back of the portfolio, the covers being shewn as open and
partly cut away. In Figure 26, 2, 2, are a series of thin spings of the prepared
india-rubber, stretched and fixed at their ends that a series of folded sheets of
paper may be placed under each, and by the elasticity of the springs they will
be securely held, yet, when desired, any of them may be readily removed.
Figure 27 shows another instrument for filing or holding papers by means of
springs of the prepared india-rubber herein mentioned j is a surface of card-
board or other suitable material, having the elastic spring strap k, of the
prepared india-tubber, fixed on one side at k³, and by a loop or eye A², affixed
at its other end, is held by a hook or projection, across the surface );
and is another sping strap of the prepared india-rubber, which is fixed

page_text: the straps, b.
And I would remark, that although I have described the spring straps used
in these instruments for holding papers as being in their whole length of the
prepared india-rubber, they may be only partly formed of such material, the other
parts in such cases being formed of leather or cord or other suitable material, the
required elasticity or spring being obtained by applying thereto suitable lengths
of the prepared india-rubber; and the arrangement of the portfolios, and the
springs thereof, may be varied, so long as the spring straps used are of the
prepared india-rubber herein-before mentioned.
I will now describe the ninth part of my Invention. Figure 28 shows the
section of a candle lamp, the spring for raising the candle therein being formed
of a strap of the prepared india-rubber herem mentioned. n is a spring stiap
fixed at the top of the candle lamp, the other end being affixed to the
cylinder o, as is shewn, the spring passing under the pulley p; hence, when the
candle is forced-down-into-the-lamp, the spring n will be stretched, and as the
candle consumes, the spring n will contract and continually keep the upper end
of the candle at the top of the nozel.
I will now describe the tenth part of my Invention. Figure 29 shows part
of a window sash and frame, with picces of india-rubber strap, prepared as
before described, applied. a is a piece of the prepared india-rubber, placed
between the lower sash a' and the sill of the window, so that when the sash a¹
is closed down the piece of india-rubber a will fill up the unevenness between
the window sash and the sill, and prevent the admission of wind or rain at that
part; 6 is another piece of the prepared india-rubber, applied between the
upper sash and the upper part of the frame, to exclude the weather at that
part; and it will readily be understood that the prepared india-rubber may
be applied in like manner to other parts in order to obtain a similar result.
c-represents a piece of india-rubber applied between the upper and lower
sashes, by which noise consequent upon the shaking of the two sashes together
in windy weather will be prevented, as well also will any diaft at that part be
avoided. I apply the pieces a, b, c, the whole width of the window, and in
some cases I apply pieces at intervals up the sides of the windows and between
the sashes, to prevent shaking. Figure 30 shews a side view and an edge
view of part of a door, or it may be a folding window, with the prepared india-

page_text: rubber applied, as shewn at e. I would, however, remark, that although I
have shewn the india-rubber as applied only at one side and the top, it may be
applied at other parts, and in some cases all round, between the edge of the
door and the door frame and sill, the object being to prevent draft, also noise
arising from shaking, and, when applied to an external door, to prevent the
admission of rain.
I will now describe the eleventh part of my Invention. Figure 31 shews
a window sash where spring straps of india-rubber are employed as a means
of raising window sashes, in place of the cords and weights heretofore used.
The window sashes are to be caused to move with sufficient friction in the
frame so as not to be drawn up by the springs s, which are affixed to the sashes
and to the frames in which the sashes slide, the object being that the springs s
of the prepared india-rubber should only aid the hand of the person when
sliding up a window sash, and not be alone the means of raising the sashes, in
like manner to what is now effected by the weighted cords; but if it be
desired that the sashes should move freely in their frames, and have the springs
of a strength to lift the sashes, thon suitable stops must be applied to retain the
sashes in any position, which stops being withdrawn will allow the sashes to be
diawn up by the springs.
I will now describe the twelfth part of my Invention Figure 32 shows
parts of a front view and of a section of a door and a door post, having a spring
strap of the prepared india-rubber applied as a means of closing the door. t is
the spring; the spring t is affixed to a projection von the upper part of the
door, the strap passes into the interior of the lintel over a pulley, and is then
at the other end affixed to the door post; hence, when the door is opened, the
spring t will be elongated, and when released, the contracting of the spring
will close the door.
I will now describe the thirteenth part of my Invention. Figure 33 shows
a front view and a longitudinal section of apparatus used for the endless cord
used for raising roller blinds; Figure 34 shows a front view and a longitudinal
section of another arrangement of apparatus for such purpose. These appa-
1atus differ slightly, but they depend on the same means of action. The spring 9,
which is formed of a band of the prepared india-rubber herein mentioned, tends
at all times to draw down the pulley r, over which the endless cords of roller
blinds work; by this means the endless cord used for moving a roller blind
will at all times be kept tight.
And I would remark, that in some cases I make the endless band itself
of the prepared india-rubber, in place of the cord heretofore used, in which
case the axis of the pulley may be fixed on the endless band may be only

page_text: partly made of the prepared india-rubber, the other part being of the ordinary
cord.
I will now describe the fourteenth part of my Invention. Figure 35 shows
a plan and a section of a part of a seat or the frame of any other surface
suitable for a person to sit, lie, or recline on; the object of this part of my
Invention being to obtain elastic surfaces for such purposes by the use of the
prepared-india-rubber-heicin -mentioned. _ u, u, are two rails, to which are
affixed two portions of webbing w, w, which are connected together by means
of a strap or band of the prepared india-rubber, as is shewn; and the
webbing of a seat of a chain or other article, where a fiame is used, to produce
a surface for sitting, lying, or reclining on, may be thus formed, the desired
elasticity being obtained by the prepared india-rubber, and the webbing may
be stuffed in the ordinary manner, or the whole webbing of the seat may be
composed of the prepared india-rubber, and the arrangements of it may be
varied, so long as the desired elasticity is thus obtained. I would remark, that
in all cases where the prepared india-rubber above mentioned is required to be
perforated for the purpose of fixing it to any other matter, that care should
be observed in forming the holes by cutting out cylindrical portions, or by
otherwise avoiding making a slit, and the pins or other instruments through
such holes should be cylindrical, otherwise the prepared india-rubber 'may,
when-drawn-on.and stretched, split, which I have seldom found it to do when
care has been observed, as above suggested.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the means pursued
by me in carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do
not claim any of the separate mechanical parts, nor their combination, other
than the application of the peculiar preparation of india-rubber herein-before
mentioned; nor do I confine myself to the mechanical details herein described,
as the same may be varied, so long as the use of the preparation of india-
rubber, as herein described, in the manufacture of such articles be retained.
But what I claim 15,-
First, the making of elastic rings or endless bands of the herein mentioned
preparation of india-rubber (caoutchouc), applicable to various purposes.
Secondly, I claim the applying the preparation of india-rubber herein
mentioned to the manufacture of straps, bands, and bandages.
Thirdly, I claim the applying of the herein mentioned preparation of india-
rubber (caoutchouc) to the manufacture of twisted colds and string
Fourthly, I claim the applying springs of the herein mentioned preparation
of india-1ubber (caoutchouc) to give motion to clocks.
Fifthly, I claim the application of springs of the herein mentioned prepara-

page_text: tion of india-rubber to the spring bolts and latch bolts of locks and other
fastenings.
Sixthly, I claim the applying springs of the herein mentioned preparation of
india-rubber to presses
Seventhly, I claim the applying spring bands of the herein mentioned pre-
paration of india-rubber to memorandum and other books, and to portfolios
Eighthly, I claim the applying springs of the herein mentioned preparation
of india-rubber to portfolios and instruments for holding papers.
Ninthly, I claim the applying springs of the herein mentioned preparation
of india-rubber to candle lamps, for raising candles up to the nozels.
Tenthly, I claim the applying the herein mentioned preparation of india-.
ubber to window sashes and doors, for the purpose of excluding wind and iain,
and also to prevent noisc.
Eleventhly, I claim the applying of springs of the herein mentioned
preparation of india-rubber (caoutchouc) to the raising of window sashes.
Twelfthly, I claim the applying springs to the herein mentioned preparation
of india-rubber to the closing of doors
This teenthly, I claim the applying springs of the herein mentioned pic-
paration of india-1ubber to the apparatus for raising window blinds.
Fourteenthly, I claim the applying springs of the herein mentioned pie-
paration of india-rubber to fiames in forming clastic seats and surfaces for lying
or reclining upon.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Perry, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fortu.civ
STEPHEN (LS) PERRY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord 1846, the aforesaid Stephen Perry came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Eurolled the Nineteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-six.