matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANNON AND SMALL FIRE-ARMS, AND OF PROJECTILES TO BE USED WITH THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cowdery Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1859.
I, JOHN COWDERY MARTIN, of High Street, Barnes, in the County of
Surrey, Naval Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANNON AND SMALL FIRE-ARMS,
AND OF PROJECTILES TO BE USED WITH THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The improvement is most applicable to rifled fire-arms, whether large or
small, and consists in forming a smooth chamber at the breech of the gun by
increasing the diameter of the bore, if a rifle, to the depth of the grooves, or
rather more so, and in length slightly greater than the projectile to be used;
a chamber for the powder, somewhat less than the bore, may be formed at the
breech of the previously described chamber. The object of increasing the
diameter of the bore at the breech is to admit at the mouth of the gun a
projectile that shall, on reaching the chamber, expand and fill it, and be
forced by the action of the powder into the grooves, closely and perfectly
filling them, as the gun is discharged; the projectile on reaching the chamber
consists of two parts, viz³, a conical plug of iron, or other suitable material,
somewhat in the form of a sugar loaf, and an outer moveable casing of lead
or other suitable soft material. Such projectile I prefer to be of greater
length than its diameter. The plug is made of such diameter as to pass
readily in at the mouth of the piece, and slight slots or grooves are cut in it,
or the surface may be roughened, to admit of the adhesion of the leaden case
when under pressure. To the plug is attached, at the outer or pointed end,

page_text: the leaden casing, of the same external diameter as the plug, slightly less in
thickness than half the increase in diameter of the enlarged chamber of the
gun over the iron plug. The leaden case is partially divided by means of cuts
(the number of which is to vary with the diameter), from quite close to its base
to very near the top. On the above-described plug being placed in the mouth
of the gun, and reaching the mouth of the powder chamber or the powder, it
is stopped, and the leaden casing is forced over it by the ramrod, which the
increase in the diameter of the chamber over the bore and the cuts in the
casing readily admit of being done. On firing the gun, the plug and casing
are both forced forward, and the boro being too small to admit the two, the
lead readily conforms itself to the grooves, filling them with unfailing accuracy
as it leaves the gun.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS MADE OF IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Maw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1859.
I, EDWIN MAW, of the Doncaster Iron Works, Yorkshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BUILDINGS MADE OF IRON OR OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain means of constructing the roof, side and
division walls, floors, and ceilings, or any parts thereof, of cast or wrought
iron or other metal.
In constructing the roof or other part of a building, either with plain or
corrugated metal sheets, I employ an inner or outer casing, and I connect the
inner and outer casing with metal tubes, which form purlins, joists, and
framing of the roof, and very much increase its strength, and at the same time
serve as distance pieces to separate the inner and outer casings to an extent
equal to the diameter of the tubes employed. One great advantage in this
construction is that there being a cavity between the two casings, neither
extreme of heat or cold can penetrate to the interior of the building, and at
the same time means are afforded of regulating the temperature of the
building; the improved mode of applying the metals, also very much increases
the strength of the building. To facilitate the connecting of the tubes and
two casings in erecting a building, holes are formed in the tubes for the
passage of the bolts or rivets employed to attach the casings to the tubes, and,
these holes are made oblong, and extend either longitudinally, laterally, or

page_text: obliquely. This arrangement of the holes renders unnecessary an exact
correspondence between the holes in the tubes and those in the casing plates;
the tubes are jointed one into the other where necessary.
In constructing the walls, floors, or ceilings, and sometimes in connecting
them with the roof, metal dovetails and wedges are used, which simplifies the
construction, facilitates the erection of the building, and at the same time
sustains the whole of the parts firmly together, allowing of expansion and
contraction of the parts when acted upon by heat or cold.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKIRTS FOR LADIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Helen Catlin Traphagen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
1st January 1859..
I, HELEN CATLIN TRAPHAGEN, of the City, County, and State of New York,
in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKIRTS FOR LADIES," to be as follows:-
In attaching to the body of a skirt or petticoat a series of light air-tight
tubes,to be inflated with air for the purpose of expanding the surface of the skirt
to give a "set" to the dress similar to that effected by hoops, cords, and other
devices now in use. The air-tight tubes are arranged horizontally, and
secured to the dress in any convenient mode, and are of the proper circum-
ference according to the position each occupies, except the one, if used, at the
waist, where the circle is broken to allow of the removal of the skirt more
easily; they are connected and communicate with each other, if desired, by
vertical tubes or a tube the top of which is fitted with a stop valve, through
the orifice of which all the tubes are filled and discharged.
I do not confine myself to the use of any particular number of horizontal
tubes, nor to the use of the vertical connecting tubes, as the horizontal tubes
may be used independantly of each other, and may be used separately by placing
a stop valve on each.
CERTAIN MODES OR METHODS OF PRE- PARING SHEEP OR OTHER SKINS OR PELTS, OR THE LININGS THEREOF, AND FOR RAISING NAP ON THE SAME; AND ALSO FOR PREPARING THE SAID SKINS FOR KID LEATHER, AND FOR ENAMELLING AND JAPANNING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August
1859.
I, ALEXANDER SHAW, of the Firm of Alexander Shaw and Company, of the
Earle's Field Works, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln, Leather Dressers
and Fell Mongers, and Glue and Parchment Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN MODES OR METHODS OF PRE-
PARING SHEEP OR OTHER SKINS OR PELTS, OR THE LININGS THEREOF, AND FOR
RAISING NAP ON THE SAME; AND ALSO FOR PREPARING THE SAID SKINS FOR KID
LEATHER, AND FOR ENAMELLING AND JAPANNING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in preparing sheep or other skins or pelts, or the
linings thereof, by drying and tanning them in the usual way well known to
leather finishers, and after subsequently placing them in parchment frames,
and fleshing them off in the usual manner or mode in which parchment is
fleshed and scoured, I apply pumicestone to the same, and after they have
become dried, I apply the pumicestone again; by this means a finer nap is
raised on them, to which is given the appearance of rough calf skin or sheep
skin, and by the same or similar means I can also obtain the appearance of
kid leather on the same, and can prepare them for enamelling or japanning
the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE DRAGS OR RAKES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Page at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1859.
I, EDWARD PAGE, of Bedford, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE
DRAGS OR RAKES," to be as follows:-
The teeth or tines of horse rakes or drags have heretofore been made of
flat bar metal, and one of my improvements consists in forming these teeth or
tines of metal (iron or steel), the section of which is of an oval character, or
thicker in the middle, diminishing to the top and bottom edges, by which
greater strength with lightness is obtained. I also attach the teeth or tines
to their heads, by forming such heads with sockets adapted to receive the end
of the tine, and I secure the teeth or tines to their sockets by set screws or
by keys.
The improvements relate also to adaptation of means by which, whilst the
tines are free to follow the irregularities of the soil, they may be all readily
removed therefrom for transit or otherwise. For this purpose the axis of the
heads of the tines is formed with a rib or feather, and that part of the socket
embracing the axis is partly cut away to admit of such feather, and to an
extent sufficient to admit of the axis with its feather turning freely therein;
and these parts are so arranged in relation to each other, that for ordinary
work the tines may be free to act with their points on the ground, but when
it is desired to lift the tines with their points from the ground for transport of

page_text: the instrument or otherwise, by turning the axis referred to by means of a
suitable lever or otherwise, the feather or rib acts to lift all the tines, so that
their points may be off the ground. By these means economy of construction
with efficiency of operation are obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING OR BENDING TINNED SHEET IRON AND OTHER SHEET METAL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Albert Shaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1859. A communication from abroad by William Burton, of Cazenovia,
in the County of Madison and State of New York, America.
I, CHARLES ALBERT SHAW, of Biddeford, in the State of Maine, in the
United States of America, Broker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING OR BENDING TINNED
SHEET IRON AND OTHER SHEET METAL," a communication from abroad by
William Burton, of Cazenovia, in the County of Madison and State of New
York, America, to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for turning down the double seam of tinware
after the said seam has been formed by other well known machines.
The nature of this Invention consists in arranging the vertical centre of
the horizontal disc or "former," which receives the pan or other article to be
double seamed, out of line or to one side of the centre of the vertical or
working head or disc which turns the pan and presses down the double seam,
so that an excentric draught or feed outward from the centre of the horizontal
disc, sufficient to move the pan round shall be occasioned, and at the same
time the seam gradually turned down, the excentric draft or feed causing the
article being double seamed to be kept against the bottom and side of the
horizontal disc at the point of operation, and consequently a more finished
and perfect seam is made with but little inconvenience and labor on the part

page_text: of the operator than is produced when the vertical axis of the "former" is in
line with the vertical axis of the working head.
This Invention also consists in a working head adapted for turning down
the double seam of straight and bevelled or "flaring" tinware in combination
with a shaft which supports the "former," made adjustable up and down, and
with a frame carrying the working head made adjustable longitudinally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND SEPARATING ORES AND SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Montefiore Levi, of Val Benoit, Liege, in
Belgium, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING
AND SEPARATING ORES AND SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITIES, AND
IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE."
Sealed the 14th February 1860, and dated the 13th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Montefiore Levi
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th September 1859.
I, GEORGE MONTEFIORE LEVI, of Val Benoit, Liege, in Belgium, Civil Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING AND SEPARATING ORES AND SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC
GRAVITIES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
I construct a vessel with straight or parallel sides and semicircular ends, or
of other suitable form, and with a central partition, which does not reach to
the ends. I fill this vessel with water or other suitable liquid, and cause it to
circulate by means of jets of water or other liquid, introduced into it at different
parts, and regulated by cocks or valves, or otherwise, and supplied from an
elevated cistern or otherwise. An overflow pipe or passage is provided in the

page_text: partition or elsewhere. A small influx of water under pressure is sufficient to
keep the whole mass in motion; a revolving or undulating or reciprocating
paddle or chain of paddles, or other means may, however, be employed for this
purpose. At one or more parts of the vessel I introduce the powdered metallic
ore or auriferous sand or other mixture of substances of different specific
gravities. The powder being dropped into the water is carried along with it,
and at the same time subsides through the water. The particles of greatest
specific gravity fall first, and reach the bottom at a certain distance from the
point at which they enter. The next heaviest substances are carried farther,
and so on. In the bottom of the vessel I place a number of transverse
partitions, forming a series of compartments for the reception of the substances
of different specific gravities. Each compartment has a sluice or valve or
other opening, by which its contents can be discharged either directly into a
wagon or other receptacle, or into another compartment or close chamber,
from which they can be discharged by a sluice or valve after the first has been
closed. The form of the vessel admits of variation, and may be circular or
oval, or rectangular, or of other form, provided the mode of operation be
similar to that herein-before described.
The Invention is applicable to substances of greater specific gravity than
water or than the liquid employed. In some cases, however, one or more
substances of lighter specific gravity may be removed by floating on the water,
and passing off at the overflow, while the other substances of greater specific
gravity are separated in the manner herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Goldsworthy Gurney, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1859.
1. GOLDSWORTHY GURNEY, of Woodleigh, Cornwall, Esquire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPHIC CONDUCTORS," to be as follows:-
My plan for constructing a submarine conductor for an electric telegraph
is to use a flat ligature or ribbon of copper or other suitable conducting metal,
instead of a straight cylinder wire or spiral cord, as commonly used. I coat
this ribbon with a vitreous covering or varnish; I place on this india-rubber,
or gutta percha, or other insulating medium. To support and to prevent this
ligature from breaking, I fix flat ribbons of steel on either side for deep sea
telegraphs, where great strength is required, on which steel ribbons the strain
is made to fall. Iron or other metal may be used for ordinary depths, where
less strength is required. The whole may be bound together with thin wire
or string, or other suitable binding or covering, and several conductors may
be combined in one band when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MINERAL OIL AND GREASE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1859. A communication from François Schütze, residing at Hemixem,
near Anvers, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF MINERAL OIL AND
GREASE," (a communication from François Schütze, residing at Hemixem, near
Anvers, in the Kingdom of Belgium,) to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the obtainment, manufacture, or production of oil,
oleaginous matters, and grease from mineral shales of various kinds, and from
all or any bituminous minerals not being commercially and generally known
as coal. The raw shale or other mineral under treatment, according to this
Invention, is primarily distilled in an ordinary retort, and the product is after-
wards re-distilled as often as may be necessary. The distilled matter is
finally treated with caustic soda and vitriol, or sulphuric acid, for purification.
In this way a fine, pure, and valuable oil is produced at a very economical rate,
the finest quality being well suited for burning in lamps, whilst the inferior
qualities answer as grease or oil for lubricating purposes, and for other uses.
This Invention comprehends the use of all mineral matters, not being coal,
containing bituminous matters, grease, and oil. Schist and schistose minerals,
as well as ironstone, are well suited for being thus treated for the production.
of oil, grease, and oleaginous matters.
A NEW MOTIVE POWER APPLICABLE TO TANNERIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fréderic Vasserot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1859. A communication from Jean Pascal Lucet, residing at
Fontenay-le-Comte (Vendée), in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW MOTIVE POWER APPLICABLE TO TANNERIES," a communication from Jean
Pascal Lucet, residing at Fontenay-le-Comte (Vendée), in the Empire of
France,) to be as follows, and consists in a horse mill, the power of which is
employed to put in motion, by means of bands and pullies, a certain number
of cylinders mounted upon shafts, and turning upon pivots. The skin or
leather in course of preparation is placed with the liquid in the said
cylinders, these in turning receive gradually a certain force of rotation, which
is communicated to a shaft actuating a stamping mill for breaking the tan to
a suitable size.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OILING WOOL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Apperly and William
Clissold at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th April 1859.
We, JAMES APPERLY, Cloth Manufacturer, and WILLIAM CLISSOLD, Engineer,
both of Dudbridge, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OILING WOOL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of supplying oil to wool prior to its
being subjected to the operation of carding, the object being to distribute the
oil or oiling composition equally throughout the mass of wool to be carded,
and thereby not merely to ensure the proper oiling of the staple, but also to
enable the attendant at the carding engine to weigh the staple in a dry state
on to the feed cloth, and to effect a saving in the amount of oil used. To this
end we apply an oiling apparatus of a peculiar construction to the carding
engine, immediately above the feed rollers, and by making the same self-acting,
and speeding it to suit the capacity of the carding engine, we are enabled to
deliver a given quantity of oil or oiling composition to the wool as it passes
forward between the feed rolls. Immediately over the upper feed roll we mount
an iron roller, in which are sunk lines of shallow holes, which form cups for
receiving the oil. Above this roller is mounted a series of short oil troughs,
the bottoms of which are concaved to fit the roller upon which they bear,
being supported in position by a suitable frame attached to the framing of the
carding engine. The concaved bottoms of the troughs are pierced with holes

page_text: to permit of the oil issuing out and filling the rows of cups as they are severally
brought under these holes by the continued rotation of the iron roller. The
close fit of the troughs on the roller will effectually prevent the running of the
oil, &c. when the engine is not at work, and limit the supply to the capacity
of the cups; as, therefore, the iron roller revolves, it will discharge the oil
from the cups on to the upper feed roller, which will deliver it in a thin film
on to the surface of the wool, as it passes into the carding engine.
FLOATING WHEELS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1859.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Chatteris, in the County of Cambridge, Watch-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "FLOATING
WHEELS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY," to be as follows:―
The toothed or other wheel is fixed on or to a hollow cylinder or other
suitable vessel, which is closed at the bottom, and the driving shaft passes
through the nave of the wheel and the bottom of the cylinder or vessel, and
such cylinder or vessel is floated in water or other suitable liquid.contained
in a reservoir of suitable dimensions, and the motive power is applied to such
floating cylinder or vessel, wheel, and shaft, by gearing or bands for the
purpose of driving the machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS' IN MACHINERY FOR PRINTING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Mason at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1859.
1, MARK MASONx, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS' IN MACHINERY FOR
PRINTING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in supporting the type or other
surface from which impressions have to be taken in a double frame, to which
an up-and-down or to-and-fro motion is given by endless chains passing over
pulleys or other suitable mechanism. The inking or coloring and impression
rollers are placed at each side of the double frame, which when moving
In order
prints the paper or other material passing over the pressing rollers.
to increase the production four or other convenient number of inking or
coloring and impression rollers may be placed on cach side of the machine.
Secondly, in an improved mode of supplying paper to letter-press printing
machines. A roll of paper is supported in fixed bearings or on friction rollers.
This roll is unwound by giving motion to the friction rollers, or otherwise, and
when a given length of paper is unwound, it is cut off by a knife or other
instrument, and carried forward by tapes or other suitable apparatus to the
printing machine.
Thirdly, in an improved combination of machinery for removing the printed
paper from letter-press printing machines: This consists of a series of clamps,
put in motion by endless bands, from which project catches. When the

page_text: clamps have taken hold of a piece of paper, the catches of the endless bands
take it from the printing machine, and deliver it on to a table on which the
pile of paper accumulates. The clamps then liberate the paper, and are
carried back towards the printing machine by counterweights or other equi-
valent means; after the next sheet of paper has been taken from the machine,
the clamps are again opened as before.
A similar combination of machinery may be applied to carry forward the
paper after the operation of damping has been performed in the usual manner.
In this case the clamps are stationary, and the paper is deposited on a series
of rollers, which are carried forward by the catches and endless bands above
referred to. The clamps take hold of the paper when brought forward by the
rollers, and hold it until the rollers return for a fresh supply; they then liberate
the paper, which accumulates in a pile, as now customary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENS AND PEN-HOLDERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Meacham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January
1859.
I, JAMES MEACHAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENS AND
PEN-HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to give to a writer two pens on one holder;
and the Invention consists, firstly, of stamping out or otherwise forming from
steel or other suitable metal or material, and of cutting quills in the form and
shape of a double pen, the nibs or points and slits being made at both ends,
and of one or varying size, and adapted for one or two styles of caligraphy.
The Invention is more especially applicable to those pens called "slips,"
which have no barrels. In the two sides of this duplicate pen, at about the
centre, two holes are made to admit the points of the holder, which forms the
second part of this Invention. This holder consists of a barrel terminating in
two points, which take into the holes in the pen; on this barrel a ring or band
of metal or other suitable material moves freely. An ordinary stick being put
into the barrel, the ring or band is drawn upwards, and the points of the
barrel are inserted in the holes in the pen. The band or ring is then moved
downwards and grasps the upper pen, while the lower one is ready for use in
the ordinary way. When it is desired to use the upper pen, the ring or band
is drawn off, and the pen is turned over, the points forming axes; the upper
pen that was unused before will then by being tightened by the band or ring,
be fit for action on turning round the holder.
AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND INDICATING THE DISTANCE PASSED OVER OR TRAVELLED BY THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Naylor, of No. 7, Durnford Street, East
Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, a Lieutenant in the Royal Marines,
Light Infantry, for the Invention of "AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND
INDICATING THE DISTANCE PASSED OVER OR TRAVELLED BY THE SAME."
Sealed the 22nd September 1859, and dated the 26th March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Naylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th.
March 1859.
I, GEORGE NAYLOR, of No. 7, Durnford Street, East Stonehouse, in the
County of Devon, a Lieutenant in the Royal Marines, Light Infantry,.do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
MEASURING AND INDICATING THE DISTANCE PASSED OVER OR TRAVELLED BY: THE.
SAME," to be as follows (that is to say):
My Invention, which has reference to an apparatus by which the distance
passed over or travelled by the same may be more readily and effectually
measured and indicated than hitherto, consists in employing for the above
purpose a running or motive wheel provided with suitable graduations or sub-
divisions upon its face, in connection with which a toothed wheel moving in

page_text: trundle gear, or otherwise, with the running wheel aforesaid, communicates
motion to a dial plate, which is also set off and furnished with numerals,
representing, through the medium of a fixed hand, the revolutions of the running
wheel, and consequently the distance passed over or travelled by the apparatus,
whilst any portion of an entire revolution may be seen by the subdivisions in
the running wheel, & spring being employed for throwing the dial plate to
zero when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTING CLOTHS AND IN SHIRTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Paterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1859.
I, JAMES HENRY PATERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTING CLOTHS AND IN SHIRTS," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention relates to the adaptation, application, and use of what is
technically known as "honey comb" cloth in the manufacture of shirts. This
"honey comb" cloth is woven, according to this Invention, in special lengths
and widths as a shirting cloth. It is cellular on both in its faces so as to
present alternated hollows and crossing ridges, and it answers admirably as a
material for shirts, and the shirts so made of it are of a very superior class in
comparison with ordinary shirts. It is preferred to be made of cotton for
general ordinary purposes, but it may also be made of silk or other material,
or of mixed materials. The precise figure upon the faces of the cloth may
also be varied, the essence of the Invention being the manufacture of "honey
comb" cloth, or cloths of a generally similar character in shirting pieces, and
in the adaptation, application, and use of such fabrics in the manufacture of
shirts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR SCREENING CORN AND SEEDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Burrell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1859.
I, CHARLES BURRELL, of Thetford, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR SCREENING CORN AND SEEDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for screening
corn and seeds. For these purposes a screen is suspended on four rods, which
at their lower ends are pin-jointed to the screen, and at their upper ends are
pin-jointed to the ceiling or otherwise, so as to admit of the screen swinging
to and fro when actuated by a crank and connecting rod or by other means.
Two of the suspending rods are longer than the other two in order that the
screen may assume an inclined position.
Below the screen a series of rods are fixed; these rods are arranged in pairs,
and each pair has a series of scrapers or blades strung on it, there being as
many scrapers or blades on each pair of rods as there are spaces between the
longitudinal wires of the screen, and there are as many pairs of rods as there are
divisions formed by the transverse wires in the length of the screen. The
scrapers or blades are kept separate by washers placed between them, which
are also strung on the lower of each pair of the fixed rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS APPLICABLE TO HEATING AND STEAM GENERATING PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barron at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October
1859
I, WILLIAM BARRON, of Elvaston, in the County of Derby, Garden Architect
and Landscape Gardener, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS APPLICABLE TO HEATING AND STEAM GENERATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:
This Invention consists, first, in constructing such boilers with hollow bars
or tubes triangular in section. Secondly, in connecting the ends of a set of
such bars or tubes with a square tube or hollow bar of a larger size. Thirdly,
in connecting two or more sets of such bars or tubes by means of bent or other
connecting tubes attached to the ends of the large tubes or hollow bars, so that
two or more sets of the triangular bars or tubes may form fire-bars and water
space at the same time. The water is caused to enter cold at the lowest bars
or tubes, and ascends through the several successive sets, passing off at the top
as either hot water or steam, as may be required. A stop-cock is placed at
the lowest end of the lowest set of bars, to allow all sediment to run out of the
whole of the bars or tubes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN EYE GLASSES FOR OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Michel Albert Laurent
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1859.
I, PIERRE MICHEL ALBERT LAURENT, ex-Naval Officer, of Havre, Town in
the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN EYE GLASSES FOR OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in combining a cylinder of glass, rock crystal, or
similar transparent substance, of about two inches in length, according to the
size of the lens of the optical instrument, with one or more ordinary lenses, or
one or both ends of the aforesaid cylinder of glass may be formed either
convex or concave, as desired, and thus constitute the lens. The object and
intention of this Invention is to give to lenses a more extensive field of vision,
by which telescopes may be made much shorter than heretofore, and increased
magnifying power of the object glasses thereof be thus obtained. Lenses thus
constructed may be rendered achromatic either by combination of two sub-
stances of different refracting power, or by giving to the two sides or faces of
the lens such curves as that the combination thereof with the aforesaid
cylinder of glass shall produce achromatism.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Michaelis and Robert
Kershaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th May 1859.
We, MICHAEL MICHAELIS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Clerk,
and ROBERT KERSHAW, of Heywood, in the said County, Manufacturer,' do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF VELVETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to velvets and other piled fabrics which are manu-
factured with a silk face and cotton or other inferior back. According to the
usual method of producing these goods, the "tie" or "binding "thread is of
silk, but according to our Invention we employ a thread of cotton or other
inferior material; and to enable us to accomplish this, we use a "rising-box
loom and two or more shuttles. We have mentioned the fabrics as having a
face of silk, by which we mean that the character thereof is silk, but other
materials may be mixed therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THIN SHEETS OF METAL INTO STRIPS; AND FOR TEMPERING SHEETS OR STRIPS OF METAL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fisher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1859.
I, HENRY FISHER, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THIN SHEETS OF METAL INTO STRIPS; AND
FOR TEMPERING SHEETS OR STRIPS OF METAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a method of preventing thin strips of metal
from twisting or curling during the process of cutting them from sheets by
rotatory cutters or other instruments. To effect this I cause rollers or other
suitable apparatus to press upon the surface of the metal during the cutting
operation. The method I prefer is to employ rotatory cutters, and to cause a
bar to press the material upon the said cutters or one of them, which material
also passes between rollers.
Secondly, my Invention refers to a method of constructing the cutters for
such strips of metal, and which at the same time accomplishes the object of
the first part of my Invention. For this purpose I employ a pair of rollers
with projecting rings, such rings upon the one roller fitting into the spaces.
of the other.
The next part of my Invention consists in the employment of rollers for
keeping strips or sheets of metal at tension during the process of tempering,.
and these rollers may also, if desired, be employed as coolers.
A MECHA- NICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR STEAMING GRAIN OR OTHER GRITS, IN ORDER TO ALLOW THE BRAN BETTER TO SEPARATE FROM THE FLOUR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1859. A communication from abroad by Mr. Leon Jean Emile Dupont,
of Les Pins, France.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 34, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MECHA-
NICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR STEAMING GRAIN OR OTHER GRITS, IN ORDER TO ALLOW
THE BRAN BETTER TO SEPARATE FROM THE FLOUR," that it has been communicated
to me from abroad by Mr. Leon Jean Emile Dupont, of Les Pins, France,
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in submitting corn or other grain or their grits to
steaming for suitably moistening the same, in order to allow afterwards the
better separation of the bran from the flour in grinding. For this purpose an
apparatus is made use of in which the corn or other grain falls from a hopper
in a regular layer, on an inclined plane, from where the same falls into another
hopper, steam by any of the known processes being allowed during this passage
to impinge on the grain, which operation may, if required, be repeated several
times.
AN IMPROVED SMOKING PIPE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Denny Friedlauder at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1859.
I, DENNY FRIEDLAUDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Wholesale Tobacconist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SMOKING PIPE," to be as follows:-
The improvement consists in connecting the bowl of the pipe with its stem
or tube by inserting each into the sides of an india-rubber ball or other elastic
chamber. The form of bowl particularly adapted to this improvement bears
a short tube or stem, which is tapered to the end and cut off in a slanting
direction to assist the flow of the "oil" therefrom; this short tube is inserted
at the top or side of the elastic oil receptacle, and the tube or pipe inserted in
opposition, so that the chamber forms a cavity or receptacle for the "oil,"
and an elastic connection between the pipe and bowl; the smoke is also much
cooled therein before passing to the mouthpiece, and a draught may be created
by slightly pressing the sides of the elastic receptacle.
A METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DECOLOURIZING TEA
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Billing and William Kloen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 11th February 1859.
We, MARTIN BILLING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Stationer, and WILLIAM KLOEN, of Aston, near Birmingham aforesaid,
Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR DECOLOURIZING TEA," to be as follows:-
Our method of decolourizing tea consists in exposing the tea to the action
of steam, by which the said tea is more or less decolourized. The apparatus
which we prefer to use for applying the steam is constructed as follows:- A
hollow cylinder of sheet metal has a horizontal partition near its middle, upon
which water is placed; underneath the said partition heat from burning gas
or other source of heat is applied, so as to heat the water. The tea to be
operated upon is placed upon a perforated support above the water, and the
steam passes through and acts upon the tea. A rotating stirrer stirs the tea,
and causes it to pass down a channel in the side of the cylinder into a second
cylinder in which the said tea falls upon a plate heated by gas or otherwise.
The tea is heated and dried in the second cylinder, where it is stirred by
a rotating stirrer, which said stirrer also causes the tea to pass down a
channel in the side of the cylinder into a receptacle placed to receive it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BELL AND OTHER SIGNAL APPARATUS TO DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER PLACES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO KNOBS OR HANDLES AND FASTENINGS OF DOORS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Grafton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1859.
I, HENRY GRAFTON, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BELL AND OTHER SIGNAL APPARATUS TO DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER
PLACES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO KNOBS OR HANDLES AND
FASTENINGS OF DOORS AND THE LIKE," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to forming the surrounding or other adjacent
parts of bell pulls or such like, and other means of communicating signals;
also knobs and fastenings or parts thereof of glass, or other transparent or
semi-transparent material, or of perforated material adapted to admit of the
passage of light. Such matters may, if required, be combined with metal as a
means of fixture, and the glass or other matter thus employed may have
letters or other devices therein or thereon, such that when parts arranged
according to my improvements are applied to a street doorway or other place,
with light passing therethrough, any number, name, or other information
thereon may be readily seen from the outside; and by the adaptation of colors
or other forms various ornamental effects may be obtained, or the light passing
through such apparatus may be simply conducted on to other means which are
thereby more fully seen.
In some cases the light may be allowed to pass through the handle of the
bell or other indicator, as the knocker of a door and the like, or through or
around knobs or handles, as well as of the parts of locks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID METERS, SUCH IMPROVED METERS BEING APPLICABLE TO PURPOSES IN ADDITION TO THE ORDINARY PURPOSES OF FLUID METERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stonyer and John Whitmee
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th December 1859.
We, JOHN STONYER & JOHN WHITMEE, both of Ray Street, Clerkenwell,
in the County of Middlesex, Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLUID METERS, SUCH IMPROVED METERS
BEING APPLICABLE TO PURPOSES IN ADDITION TO THE ORDINARY PURPOSES OF FLUID
METERS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in fluid meters consist in arranging a vessel divided into
two chambers or compartments on a fulcrum, so that it oscillates by the
gravitation of the water when one of the chambers has become filled from the
supply pipe to a sufficient extent. The oscillation carries the dividing
partition past the point of supply, which then begins to fill the other and
highest compartment; at the same time of descent of the full compartment a
valve is opened in the bottom which allows the fluid to escape. A train is
placed in connection with the axis on which the vessel or vessels oscillate to
register the number of oscillations & consequently the quantity of fluid
passed. This apparatus may be used as a machine for obtaining motive
power from a fall or supply of water; it is is also applicable for flushing pur-
poses, to effect which we make the escape from the measuring chambers large
so as to allow the rapid exit of the fluid contained.
DETACHING INSTANTLY THE LOCOMOTIVES FROM RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND ALSO FOR DETACHING INSTANTLY THE HARNESS FROM HORSES THAT RUN AWAY WHEN ATTACHED TO ANY CARRIAGE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Friou at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1859.
I, JOSEPH FRIOU of No. 74, Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"DETACHING INSTANTLY THE LOCOMOTIVES FROM RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND ALSO FOR
DETACHING INSTANTLY THE HARNESS FROM HORSES THAT RUN AWAY WHEN ATTACHED
TO ANY CARRIAGE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of two iron arms attached by pivots or hinges to the
sides of the carriage, the extremities of which are pierced to receive a pin
which revolves upon a pivot fixed to the sides of the carriage; the ends of
the traces are pierced in a similar manner to the arms. The attachment is
made by bringing the pierced end of the trace upon the revolving pin, and then
also bringing down upon the pin the pierced end of the arm; the latter being
kept in this position by a spring, the detachment is effected by raising the
arms by cords or other desirable means, a spring then attached to the pin
throws off the trace, and the pin falls by the action of such spring, then by
means of a second set of traces passing under the carriage, and attached
thereto, so as to create a leverage, the power of the horse is brought to bear
upon one or more breaks attached to the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE PISTONS OP STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholson Barker and James
Alfred Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th May 1859.
We, NICHOLSON BARKER, of Heyford, and JAMES ALFRED CARTER, of
Blisworth, both in the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE PISTONS
OP STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for lubricating
the pistons of steam engines. For these purposes the oil or lubricating fluid
is contained in a cup or vessel which is fixed to the cover of a steam engine,
by a suitable hollow stem or tube, in which is applied a plug, which is caused
to rotate or reciprocate at each stroke of the engine, by being put into con-
nection by suitable gearing with a moving part of the engine. In the plug is
formed a recess or hollow, which, when it comes opposite the opening into the
vessel which contains the oil or lubricating fluid becomes full of such fluid
whilst the passage into the steam cylinder is closed, and when the plug is
moved partly round so as to come opposite the passage which leads into the
steam cylinder the passage between the plug and the vessel containing the oil
or lubricating fluid is closed, at which time the contents of the hollow or
recess in the plug will descend from the plug and pass into the steam
cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEAVING STRAW, RUSHES, AND OTHER MATERIALS INTO FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Maggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August
1859.
I, OLIVER MAGGS, of Bourton, in the County of Dorset, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
STRAW, RUSHES, AND OTHER MATERIALS INTO FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for weaving
straw, rushes, and other materials into fabrics. For these purposes wires or
yarns, or strings, or other materials may be used as the warps of the fabric,
the straw or rushes or other materials being the weft. Each of the warps is
wound on a bobbin, to which friction is applied by a weighted band, and each
warp is passed through a hollow axis, which receives motion by wheelwork or
by other means. On the hollow axis is fixed a bent hollow arm, through
which a binding wire or yarn or cord of any suitable material, is passed.
The binding wire or other binder is wound on a bobbin on the hollow axis,
and friction is applied to such bobbin by means of a friction band, which is
weighted or is acted on by a spring. The straw, rushes, or other materials
are laid in succession transversely on the wires or other warps, and they are
bound thereon by the binding wires or other binders which are applied by the
rotation of the bent arms.