IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL TEETH."A
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for.
'the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL TEETH."A communi-'
cation from abroad by Samuel Stockton White, of the City of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Sealed the 13th May 1862, and dated the 3rd December 1861..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1861.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature.
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL TEETH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention of improvements in artificial teeth relates to an improved
mode of fixing mineral teeth in the material known as vulcanite, and. consists
in fixing these teeth in the vulcanite by means of metal pins, having heads at
those ends which project from the teeth before they are fixed in their place;
by the employment of pins baving heads at their outer ends the fastening,
will, be more secure than heretofore, as the heads will prevent the pins from
being drawn out of the vulcanite, except by the application of an amount of
force to which they are not likely to be subjected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL TEETH," being a com-
munication from abroad, upon the condition-(amongst others) that I, the
said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of "Improvements in Artificial Teeth" relates to mineral
teeth for what is known as vulcanite work.
The teeth commonly employed in such work are secured in the vulcanite
setting by the aid of pins of platinum, parts of which are received in the teeth,
and parts in the vulcanite. These pins, which are secured in the teeth.in the
manufacture of the latter, and-before they. come into the hands of the dentist,
have been commonly made without heads at their outer ends, and the only
means employed to fasten them in the vulcanite beyond the adhesion of the

page_text: vulcanite itself, has been by the dentist bending them before applying them to
the setting, and the consequence has been that the pins have been very liable
to tear out of the vulcanite. To obviate this difficulty, and supply the dentist
with teeth which are applicable to the vulcanite without any preparation or
manipulation of the pins, and which, after vulcanization, will be so firmly
imbedded and fastened in the vulcanite as not to be liable to disturbance.by
ordinary wear, or any probable accident, is the object of the present Invention.
To this end the teeth are manufactured with pins having heads at their outer
ends, which, when embedded in the vulcanite, will firmly hold therein..
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a perspective view. of three gum
teeth A, A, A, made with platinum pins a, a, a, of the usual construction ;
Fig. 2 is a similar view of similar teeth made with platinum pins c, c, c, having
heads d, d, d, at their outer ends, according to the present Invention; Fig. 3
is a front view of the same; Fig. 4 is a transverse section 'on a somewhat
larger scale; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the pins before-its insertion
-in-the-tooth, and drawn upon an enlarged scale; Fig. 6 is a transverse section
of a pin illustrating a modification of the head. Similar letters of reference
indicate corresponding parts where they occur in different Figures.
To provide for
moulds for the
In the manufacture of the teeth with pins having heads at their outer
ends, these heads d, d, d, may be of circular form projecting all round the
pins, as shewn in Fig. 5, but in some cases it may be better to make them of
the form shewn in Fig. 6, that is to say, that of a circle with a segment cut
off, forming a straight side, the object. being to avoid the protrusion of the
head through the outer surface of the vulcanite; and the inner ends of the
pins which are received within the teeth may also be made in the usual
manner with heads, as shewn at e, in Figs. 4 and 5; or they may be made of
any other form that will enable them to be secured in the teeth; but with this
latter part of the pin the present Invention has nothing to do.
the insertion of the pins in the teeth, holes are made in the
reception of the heads d, d, d, such holes being just large enough at the
bottom for the heads d to fit tightly within them, and having a slight gradual
enlargement toward their mouths, to allow the pins to draw out easily.
Before moulding the teeth the heads of the pins are inserted in the holes, and
the holes are filled up around the pin with some of the mineral composition of
which the teeth are made, after which the moulding of the teeth is proceeded
with in the usual manner. On the opening of the mould and removal of the
teeth, the composition with which the holes in the mould were filled up comes
out with the pins, and is to be cut away from the teeth and pins before the
baking process. Instead of the pins being-inserted in this way, they may be

page_text: placed in the teeth after the first baking or burning process (technically known.
as biscuiting), by drilling holes in the teeth, and inserting the pins, taking care
to pack round the pins within the holes with some of the same composition of
which the teeth are made. The teeth may then be subjected to the second
burning process, by which they will be finished. The teeth thus made with
pins having heads at their outer ends are a new-article of manufacture.
Having now described this Invention of improvements in artificial teeth,
and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent, as aforesaid, the manufacture of mineral teeth with pins having
heads at their outer ends, as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Second day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON (L.S.)