IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PAPER OR LINEN, OR PAPER OR LINEN USED FOR WRITING OR DRAWING ON, SO AS TO OBTAIN A DUPLICATE OF SAID WRITING OR DRAWING to be as follows:-
Year: 1884

page_text: of said Writing or Drawing.
I, FRANCIS RUST, the younger, of 50 Richmond Grove, East Longsight in the
county of Lancaster, Check Superintendent of Stores, do hereby declare the nature
of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PAPER OR LINEN, OR PAPER
OR LINEN USED FOR WRITING OR DRAWING ON, SO AS TO OBTAIN A DUPLICATE OF
SAID WRITING OR DRAWING to be as follows:-
"
In place of using carbon paper, the paper to be written upon is itself coated with.
a composition which, though capable of giving a good copy when placed above a
blank sheet and written upon with firm pressure, is yet of such nature that it will
not soil the finger, and can be washed with water without alteration. It can also
be used as a carbon paper if desired. The composition consists of the following
ingredients.
1. Lard, or other similar non-drying unctuous grease, not liable to give out
disagreeable odour, I prefer lard to any other I have tried.
2. Soap, employed chiefly as a binder and polisher. It is obvious however,
that if an extra amount of grease were used, an equivalent of alkali could be
substituted.
3. Alum, this latter is used to prevent the soap or lard from striking through
the paper; several other salts have the same quality more or less, and can be
substituted for the same, or if desirable the paper can be well sized first instead.
4. Pipe clay, or other insoluble or difficultly soluble silicate or earthy matter to
give it body.
5. Water, or other solvent or evaporative liquid used for forming the materials
into a paste or emulsion, and capable of being evaporated when it has done its
worl
"

page_text: 6. Coloring matter, preferably colored earths. It will be obvious that where a
colored earth is used, less silicate will be required than where a pigment partaking
more of the nature of a dye is used, and that where a deeply colored unctuous
silicate is used, other coloring matter can be dispensed with. The composition in the
form of an emulsion, or thin cream, is applied to the back of the paper by a roller,
revolving brush, asperator and smoother, or equivalent means, and allowed to dry,
it is then, when a very fine gloss is required preferably rolled between burnishing
rolls.
Used for Writing or Drawing on, so as to Obtain a Duplicate
of said Writing or Drawing.
I, FRANCIS RUST the younger, of 50 Richmond Grove, East Longsight, in the
county of Lancaster, check superintendent of Stores do hereby declare the nature
of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PAPER OR LINEN, OR PAPER
OR LINEN USED FOR WRITING OR DRAWING ON, SO AS TO OBTAIN A DUPLICATE OF
SAID WRITING OR DRAWING, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to prepare a paper or material for copying
purposes coated with a composition which while capable of being transferred by
the pressure of a style or pencil from the sheet on which it is spread to another,
will not easily rub off onto the persons or articles with which it is brought into
contact, and is intended as a substitute for the "carbon paper" at present in use.
The paper may be coated on both sides with my composition and used between
two blank sheets as is at present done with the carbon paper, but I prefer to coat
the paper to be written upon itself with the composition. The other side of the

page_text: paper is then written upon with pen or pencil and a blank sheet below receives a
copy of what is written above.
The composition consists of the following ingredients:
1. Lard or other similar non-drying unctuous grease, not liable to give out
disagreeable odour, I prefer lard to any other I have tried.
2. Soap, employed chiefly as a binder and polisher. It is obvious however,
that if an extra amount of grease were used, an equivalent of alkali could be
substituted.
3. Alum, this latter is used to prevent the soap or lard from striking through
the paper; several other salts have the same quality more or less, and can be
substituted for the same, or if desirable the paper can be well sized first instead.
4. Pipe clay or other insoluble or difficultly soluble silicate or earthy matter to
give it body.
• 5. Water or other solvent or evaporative liquid used for forming the materials
into a paste or emulsion, and capable of being evaporated when it has done its
work,
6. Coloring matter, preferably colored earths. It will be obvious that where a
colored earth is used, less silicate will be required than where a pigment partaking
more of the nature of the dye is used, and that where a deeply colored unctuous
silicate is used other coloring matter can be dispensed with.
In carrying out the invention I prefer to prepare the composition of the
ingredients in the following proportion :-
}
Lard
Soda
Soap
Alum
Pipe-clay
Water
Pigment or dyc
4 parts
4 parts
part
-
1 part
16 parts
3 parts.
The lard and soap are first mixed together with the alum by hand or in a
pulping machine until in consistency of pulp the pipe-clay and coloring matter are
then added and the whole mixed up well with water, the latter being added during
the mixing. The mixture thus formed is in a comparatively liquid state. It is
now placed in a pan or vessel preferably over a quick fire and heated up to boiling
point or nearly so. It is then allowed to cool when it assumes the consistency of a
jelly.
In practice I have hitherto found the proportions of the ingredients as stated the
most suitable but I do not limit the invention to them exactly as they may be to
some extent varied as circumstances may require, should the soap or lard vary in
their own constituents the proportions of the other ingredients such as the alum
would require to be slightly altered. The soap above mentioned is the common
soda soap of commerce.
The composition may then be applied to the paper. If applied by a roller it may
be used in its present consistency, but if applied by a brush or a cloth, or similarly
spread over the surface it will be found better to dilute it with water until it is in
a state of emulsion or thin cream, when spread the paper is placed to dry and
afterwards passed preferably between calendering or burnishing rolls or into a
brushing machine to give it a gloss or finish.
Although paper has been mentioned the composition may be spread upon linen
or similar textile material through which the pressure of a style or pencil could
penetrate.
Paper thus prepared may be used for transferring writing, drawings or other
designs onto paper or onto other material as may be required.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said-
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what.
I claim is
The manufacture and use of paper or other material coated with a composition
consisting of lard, soap, alum, pipe-clay, a pigment or dye and water, preferably in
the proportions herein before stated, substantially as and for the purposes described.
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