IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Kinder, of Great George Street, in the
City of Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD."
Sealed the 7th June 1861, and dated the 15th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Kinder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1860.
I, ARTHUR KINDER, of Great George Street, in the City of Westminster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar arrangements and modifications
of what are known as band saws, whereby they are rendered more effective in
practice, and less liable to derangement.
This Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of wooden guides through
which the saw runs either vertically or horizontally, suitable recesses being
formed for the reception of packing, whereby the saw is maintained at an
even temperature throughout its width, and consequently the warping or
twisting of the blade is prevented. In combination with a band saw arranged
as above described it is proposed to use a convenient arrangement of

page_text: variable feed, consisting either of a reverse cone motion, or a friction disc and
bowl or pulley.
Secondly, in cutting curved work, such, for example, as the edges of cask
staves by a band saw placed either vertically or horizontally, and guided to
the desired curve by passing through a curved slot in a guide block provided
with packing as above described, the saw being sufficiently wide to project
below the guide block, and pass through the material, the cut being at the
same time made in the direction of the length of the stave.
Thirdly, in the use of a band saw suitably packed for jointing bent staves
for casks, the cut being effected in the direction of the length of the stave.
Fourthly, cutting the surfaces of cask staves so as to round and hollow
them by the aid of a band saw suitably packed, the block from which the
staves are cut being held in a suitable cradle or pivotting table corresponding
to the diameter of the cask.
Fifthly, in the use of nipping rolls carried by the two arms of a pair of
nippers which are pivotted to a fixed support, and capable of being guided
laterally so as to suit the work passed between them, and insure the cut which
is made by the band saw being always parallel to the side of the material
operated upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Kinder in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
KINDER, of Great George Street, in the City of Westminster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Arthur Kinder, Her special license that I, the said Arthur
Kinder, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Arthur Kinder, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD,"
upon the

page_text: condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Kinder, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or
under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Kinder, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to certain peculiar arrangements and modifications
of what are known as band saws, whereby they are rendered more effective in
practice, and less liable to derangement.
This Invention consists, firstly, in the employment of guides through which
the saw runs either vertically or horizontally, suitable recesses being formed
for the reception of packing whereby the saw is maintained in an even tem-
perature throughout its width, and consequently the warping or twisting of the
blade is prevented. In combination with a band saw arranged as above
described it is proposed to use a convenient arrangement of variable feed,
consisting either of a reverse cone motion or a friction disc and bowl or
pulley.
Secondly, in cutting curved work, such, for example, as the edges of cask
staves by a band saw placed either vertically or horizontally, and guided to the
desired curve by passing through a curved slot in a guide block provided with
packing, as above described, the saw being sufficiently wide to project below
the guide block and pass through the material, the cut being at the same time
made in the direction of the length of the stave.
Thirdly, in the use of a band saw suitably packed for jointing bent staves
for casks, the cut being effected in the direction of the length of the stave.
Fourthly, in the use of nipping rolls carried by the two arms of a pair of
nippers, which are pivotted to a fixed support, and capable of being guided
laterally so as to suit the work passed between them, and ensure the cut which
is made by the band saw being always parallel to the side of the material
operated upon.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed,

page_text: the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout the
corresponding Figures.
Fig. 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a front elevation of my guide
block for vertical or horizontal band saws with the packing contained therein;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; Fig. 3 is a side elevation; and Fig. 4 is a
sectional elevation of the guide taken along the line H, I, in Fig. 2. The
plate A, Fig. 1, being turned over on the screw B, the recess in the guide
block C for the packing and the opening for the saw to pass through, shewn
by the dotted lines D, D, will be exposed, the saw being placed in the machine,
and passed through the guide block C, the plate A is closed, the back of the
saw being held against the grooved bearing wheel E. A piece of wood of a
suitable width (see Figs. 5 and 6) having a groove made down one edge is
inserted into the recess at F; the groove in this piece of wood covers the saw
teeth, and leaves a small space on each side of the saw at G, G, (Fig. 2), into
which the packing can be compressed so as to keep the blade at even tem-
perature throughout its whole width. This packing may consist of hemp,
cotton, or other similar substance. In Fig. 4 the saw blade is removed to
shew the position of the packing K, the piece of wood F, and the position of
the bearing wheel E when placed below the guide, as shewn in this case.
Fig. 7 is an end elevation of my improved band sawing machine, shewing the
self-acting variable-feed-gear-as-applied-to-the-traversing-table,-and-Fig.-8-is-
a side elevation of the same.
A, A, is a strong cast-iron foundation plate resting upon suitable masonry ;
B; -B, is a cast-iron standard firmly bolted to the foundation plate A; this
standard carries the upper or tension pulley C, over which the saw passes. To
the under side of the foundation plate A are fixed the two brackets D, D,
provided with journals in which the main shaft is mounted, carrying on one
end the lower saw pulley C*. E, E, are a pair of pullies on the shaft D* to
drive the machine; F is a drum keyed on the shaft D* sufficiently wide to
carry the cross and open belts which transmit motion to the pullies G, G, G;
these pullies are mounted upon the shaft H, which is carried in suitable
bearings I, I, bolted to the foundation J. On the end of the shaft H is mounted
a sliding socket carrying the friction bowl K; this bowl drives by contact the
disc plate L, keyed upon the shaft M, carried by the brackets N, N. The
disc plate is kept in contact with the friction bowl K by means of the spring
O acting upon the end of the shaft M. On this shaft M is keyed the small
pulley P, which transmits motion by means of a strap to the pulley Q, carried
upon the shaft R, to which it is engaged by means of the sliding clutch-
box S (shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 7.) On one end of this shaft R is keyed

page_text: a bevilled pinion which takes into the bevilled wheel T keyed upon the
vertical. pinion shaft U; the upper end. of this shaft carries the rack
pinion V, which takes into a spur rack fixed to the under side of the travelling
table X. This table slides in suitable guides and on antifriction rollers in
the usual manner. Y is the log to be cut placed upon the table.
a, a, is a shaft mounted in suitable bearings b, b, bolted to the under side of
the foundation plate A; on this shaft a are a pair of pullies c, c, and on one end
is keyed the bevilled wheel e*, which gears into a similar wheel keyed upon
the shaft R. The pullies c, c, receive an independant motion from the main
driving shaft. d, d, is a sliding bar carrying a strap guide; this bar is moved
by the arm e keyed upon the vertical shaft f. On the lower end of this shaft f
is placed an eccentric pin, which takes into a groove in the sliding, clutch-
box S. When the shaft f is moved by means of the lever handle h, the
sliding clutch box S is disengaged from the pulley Q, and as the motion of the
handle is continued the driving strapi is moved from the loose to the fast
pulley c, thereby giving a quick return motion to the traversing table X. lis
,a vertical shaft mounted in suitable bearings, and carrying at its lower end the
lever m; this lever takes into a groove in the socket of the bowl K. On
the upper end of the shaft 7 is fixed the hand lever n, and by turning this
lever the friction bowl K is moved to and from the centre of the disc plate L,
thereby communicating a variable feed motion to the traversing table, which
carries the timber to the saw. o is a vertical shaft, which by means of an
arm on its lower end and a lever handle on its upper end moves the cross and
open straps upon the drum F and the pullies G, G, G, thus affording facility
for reversing the feed at any moment. The centre of the disc L is hollowed
out or cut away so as to enable the feed to be stopped by bringing the bowl K
over such portion. p is another vertical shaft giving motion to the band fork
belonging to the main driving strap upon the pullies E, E, for the purpose of
stopping and starting the mill.
.
Fig. 1 in Sheet 2 of my Drawings represents a plan view of an arrange-
ment of horizontal band saw for bevelling and curving the edges of flat cask
staves; Fig. 2 is a similar view of a horizontal band saw for bevelling and
curving the edges of bent staves; Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section taken along
the line a, b, in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a similar section taken along the line c, d,
in Fig. 2; Fig. 5. is an enlarged section taken along the line d, e, in Fig. 1;
and Fig. 6 is a similar section taken along the line f, g, in Fig. 2. The
pullies A, A, Fig. 1, over which the endless saw B is strained, are placed
horizontally; the necessary curvature for curving the edge of the stave is
given to the saw by running it through the curved guide C, which is of such

page_text: a depth as. to allow a sufficient quantity of the saw B to project from it at
B* (see sectional elevation Fig. 3). This guide can be packed in the
manner previously described in the recesses D, D, or it can be used without
packing, in which case the recesses D, D, would be dispensed with. E, E, are
two packing. blocks or guides embracing the whole width of the saw, the
recesses therein being filled with packing, as previously described, and for the
purpose herein-before mentioned. In applying this to the cutting of barrel
staves or similar work, I place the stave G upon a suitable support G*, which
support has a vertical traversing motion applied to it by any ordinary means;
and it follows, that the portion of the saw B, which projects below C, will cut
the desired curve upon the edge of the piece G, and will also bevel the edge
at the same time if the stave be tilted sufficiently, as shewn in Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is a plan shewing the position of saw when operating upon bent
staves, in which case the cut on the edge of the stave is straight; the curved
-guide, Fig. 1, C is therefore dispensed with, and the guides E, E, alone are
retained. The bent stave H is fixed in a suitable position upon the table G*,
and is passed upwards against the saw, when the superfluous timber is removed,
and the edge of the stave receives its proper curved and bevilled form. In
both arrangements the saw acts upon. the whole length of stave simul-
taneously.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation of my improved floating roller fence for holding
staves or other twisted timbers during the process of cutting, so as to ensure
the cut being parallel to one of the sides; Fig. 8 is a plan of the same; and
Fig. 9 is a front elevation thereof. A is a suitable hanging support at the
back of the saw B, which carries the pivot pin C; upon this pivot are mounted
the nipping arms D' and D². The back end of D¹ carries the spring E, and
D has an adjusting screw E* bearing against the point of the spring E, so
that the pressure of the spring can be adjusted to suit the width of the
timber X. The handle F is coupled to the nipping arm D¹ at F*, and carries
a crank lever G, to the end of which is fitted the chain barrel H, which can
be secured by the ratchet wheel and pall I. A chain K passes from this
barrel round a pulley in the end of the arm D' at H*, and is secured to the
end of the arm D³ at 1*; it follows, that by depressing the handle G, the
back ends of the nipping arms D' and D' are closed, and the front ends are
opened. The front end of D¹ has a hollow stud L (Fig. 9) attached to it by
the nut M; upon this stud the roller N can be fixed in any position by the
retaining rings 0, 0, an internal spindle P carrying the fence guard Q and
roller R swivels freely in the hollow stud L, and is retained in position by the
nut S. The arm D2 has a solid stud T secured to the same by the nut U,

page_text: the roller V upon this stud being adjustable vertically, and capable of being
secured at any height by the retaining rings W, W. The timber that is
being passed through the machine is shown at X.
In applying this apparatus, the operator takes the handle in his left hand,
opens the nipping rolls by the action of the crank lever G, and pushes the
timber forward against the saw with the right hand, turning the timber about
to adapt the curve of the cut to the saw, and bringing the fence rollers nearer
to or farther from the saw with the left hand to suit the sawing as required;
as the rollers M and R are always parallel with the saw, and the fence guards
preventing the bottom roller entering any indentations, it follows that the
sawing must be parallel with the side of the material.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Inventor secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the application of guide blocks and suitable packing to the blades of
band saws, for the purpose herein-before described.
Second, the peculiar arrangement of band saws, and the mode of applying
the same in the cutting of curved work, as herein-before described.
Third, the application and use, in combination with a band saw, of the
peculiar arrangement of variable feed motion, herein-before described.
Fourth, the peculiar construction and arrangement of nipping rolls for
ensuring the cut being parallel to the side of the material operated upon, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Kinder, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.
ARTHUR KINDER. (L.S.)