Year: 1885

page_text: I FRIEDRICH SCHMIDT, Engineer, of the firm of Schmidt, Kranz & Co, Com-
mandit-Gesellschaft for the manufacture of ice-machines, Nordhausen / Harz, in
the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Apparatus hitherto made on the Carré system for the manufacture of ice
consists chiefly of a vessel containing liquor ammonice, and another vessel in which
gaseous ammonia, evolved by heating the liquor ammonia in the first named vessel,
is condensed and compressed into a liquid; which liquid is subsequently permitted
to expand into gaseous ammonia which is reabsorbed by the previously. exhausted
liquor ammonice in the first named vessel, which instead of being heated is cooled
during this reabsorption. The conversion of the liquified ammonia, in the second
vessel, into gaseous ammonia is accompanied by a great reduction in temperature,
so that water in contact with that vessel is readily frozen. The first named vessel
is hereinafter called "the boiler," and the second vessel is called "the ice-producing
vessel."
The undermentioned defects exist in apparatus hitherto made on the Carré
system
1. The inconvenience of placing the boiler first upon a fire, and afterwards in
water to cool it.
2. The ice producing vessel had to be arranged so that it could be inverted
in order that any liquor ammonios that might collect in it might be returned to
the boiler.
3. The valves for controlling the evaporation of the compressed liquified ammonia
were inside the apparatus and so arranged that if they became set fast it was
necessary to take the apparatus to pieces.
4. The connection between the boiler and the ice-producing-vessel when arranged
so that the latter could be inverted in order that ammonia liquor collecting therein
might flow back into the boiler had a stuffing box or other mechanical contrivance
which permitted the inverting of the ice-producing vessel The connection was
therefore the cause of loss of ammonia & was liable to breakage.
These defects were a great hindrance to the use of the apparatus, especially on
board ship, or in hotels, hospitals, and private houses.

page_text: The object of the improvements for which a patent is applied for is to obviate
these defects, and produce a more perfect apparatus.
The improvements consist principally in forming two passages from the boiler to
the ice-producing-vessel. Both passages are furnished with a screw-down valve,
tap, or other means of stopping or controlling the flow of gas or liquid. The
passage by which gas passes from the boiler to the ice producing vessel is also fitted
with a back pressure valve between the boiler & the screw down valve or its
equivalent in that passage. The said back pressure valve prevents the flow of
fluid from the ice-producing-vessel through the said passage into the top part of
the boiler The said passage connects the upper part of the ice producing vessel
with the upper part of the boiler. The other passage has no back-pressure valve,
but only the before-mentioned screw down valve or its equivalent; and it opens
into the lower part of the boiler, and into the lower part of the ice-producing
vessel.
A third passage connects the said two main passages There is in this third
passage a back pressure valve which only permits a flow from the passage connecting
the upper parts of the boiler and the ice producing vessel into that portion of the
passage opening into the lower parts of the said boiler & vessel which is between
the screw down valve aforesaid and the lower part of the boiler. This third
passage may be arranged so that instead of connecting the two main passages it
proceeds from the passage connecting the upper parts of boiler and ice producing
vessel to the lower part of boiler; or it may be an independant passage from the
upper part of ice producing vessel to the lower part of boiler.
The back pressure valves aforesaid are both so arranged as to be readily accessible
without disconnecting the apparatus.
The icc producing vessel is furnished with an air vent.
The boiler is furnished with a jacket through which steam can be passed when
it is desired to heat the liquor ammonice in the boiler in order to drive off the gas,
and through which cold water can be passed to keep liquor ammonice cold as it
absorbs the gaseous ammonia returning from the ice producing vessel.
If hot gases are circulated in the said jacket instead of steam, it is preferred to
use a coiled tube or tubes inside the boiler for the circulation of cold water during
that period of the operation in which the liquor ammonice is to be cooled instead
of being heated.
It will be obvious that the jacket might be omitted and the apparatus arranged
so that the boiler is heated directly by a fire, or by steam passed through the
aforesaid coiled tube or tubes.
The said improvements greatly facilitate the operation of making ice on a small
scale by the Carré system; and by preventing opportunities for the loss of ammonia
permit the use of this apparatus on board ship, in hotels, hospitals, and private
houses where the odour of escaping ammonia would be objectionable.
Dated this thirtieth day of December 1885.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus Used for the Manufacture of Ice.
I FRIEDRICH SCHMIDT, Engineer, of the firm of Schmidt Kranz & Co, Com-
mandit-Gesellschaft for the manufacture of ice-machines, Nordhausen / Harz, in
the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Apparatus hitherto made on the Carré system for the manufacture of ice
consists chiefly of a vessel containing liquor ammonice, and another vessel in
which gaseous ammonia, evolved by heating the liquor ammonice in the first named
vessel, is condensed and compressed into a liquid; which liquid is subsequently
permitted to expand into gaseous ammonia which is absorbed by the previously
exhausted liquor ammonice in the first named vessel, which instead of being
heated is cooled during this re-absorption. The conversion of the liquified ammonia
in the second vessel into gaseous ammonia is accompanied by a great reduction in
temperature, so that water in contact with that vessel is readily frozen. The first
named vessel is hereinafter called "the boiler," and the second vessel is called "the
ice-producing vessel."
The under mentioned defects exist in apparatus hitherto made on the Carré
system
1. The inconvenience of placing the boiler first upon a fire, and afterwards in
water to cool it.
2. The ice producing vessel had to be arranged so that it could be inverted in
order that any liquor ammonice that might collect in it might be returned to the
boiler.
3. The valves for controlling the evaporation of the compressed liquified ammonia
were inside the apparatus and so arranged that if they became set fast it was
necessary to take the apparatus to pieces.
4. The connection between the boiler 'and the ice producing vessel when arranged
so that the latter could be inverted in order that ammonia liquor collecting therein
might flow back into the boiler had a stuffing box or other mechanical contrivance
which permitted the inverting of the ice producing vessel. The connection was
therefore the cause of loss of ammonia, & was liable to breakage.
These defects were a great hindrance to the use of the apparatus, especially on
board ship, or in hotels, hospitals and private houses.
The object of the improvements for which a patent is applied for is to obviate
these defects and produce a more perfect apparatus.
The improvements consist principally in forming two passages from the boiler to
the ice-producing vessel. Both passages are furnished with a screw down valve,
tap, or other means of stopping or controlling the flow of gas or liquid. The
passage by which gas passes from the boiler to the ice producing vessel is also
fitted with a back pressure valve, between the boiler & the screw-down valve or
its equivalent in that passage. The said back pressure valve prevents the flow of
fluid from the ice-producing vessel through the said passage into the top part of
the boiler. The said passage connects the upper part of the ice producing vessel

page_text: with the upper part of the boiler. The other passage has no back pressure valvo
but only the before mentioned screw down valve or its equivalent and it opens
into the lower part of the boiler and into the lower part of the ice-producing
vessel.
A third passage connects the said two main passages. There is in this third
passage a back pressure valve which only permits a flow from the passage con-
necting the upper parts of the boiler & the ice producing vessel into that portion
of the passage opening into the lower parts of the said boiler & vessel which is
between the screw down valve aforesaid and the lower part of the boiler. This
third passage may be arranged so that instead of connecting the two main passages
it proceeds from the passage connecting the upper parts of boiler and ice producing
vessel to the lower part of boiler; or it may be an independant passage from the
upper part of ice producing vessel to the lower part of boiler.
The back pressure valves aforesaid are both so arranged as to be readily accessible
without disconnecting the apparatus.
The ice producing vessel is furnished with an air vent.
The boiler is furnished with a jacket through which steam can be passed when
it is desired to heat the liquor ammonice in the boiler in order to drive off the gas,
and through which cold water can be passed to to keep the liquor ammonice cold
as it absorbs the gaseous ammonia returning from the ice producing vessel.
If hot gases are circulated in the said jacket instead of steam, it is preferred to
use a coiled tube or tubes inside the boiler for the circulation of cold water during
that period of the operation in which the liquor ammonice is to be cooled instead
of being heated.
It will be obvious that the jacket might be omitted and the apparatus arranged
so that the boiler is heated directly by a fire or by steam passed through the afore-
said coiled tube or tubes.
The said improvements greatly facilitate the operation of making ice on a
small scale by the Carré system; and by preventing opportunities for the loss of
ammonia permit the use of this apparatus on board ship, in hotels, hospitals, and
private houses, where the odour of escaping ammonia would be objectionable.
Fig. 1. is a vertical section of the apparatus.
Fig. 2. is a horizontal section on line A. B.
C is the boiler; D is an annular ice producing vessel; E is the back pressure
valve, and G is the screw down valve, in the passage T, by which gas flows from
C. to D.; F is the back pressure valve in the third passage, which in this design is
simply a very short connection between the two main passages T. & J.; H. is the
screw down valve in the second passage J; K is the jacket; & into the space I,
between it and C, steam or hot gases are permitted to enter to heat the boiler, or
cold water to cool it; L is the prolongation of the passage J. to the bottom of the
boiler, where it is coiled and perforated, so as to distribute the returning gaseous
ammonia, which flows from top of D through G and F into J, and thence
through L into C.; M is the prolongation of J to the bottom of D, and by it,
liquid collecting in D may be returned, through H. J. and L, to the lower part
of C.; N, O, are caps for readily obtaining access to back pressure valves E. & F.;
P is the air vent in D.; Q is a tube reaching into the liquor ammonice in C, it is
closed at the bottom and serves as an oil bath for a thermometer; R. S. form the
internal coil to assist in heating, or for cooling, the liquor ammonice. The vessel D
is shown placed in a cistern U in which water is put to be frozen; U is supported
by a bracket hinged upon K.
The operation of ice making is conducted as follows:-Close H. Open G,
Heat C. Let cold water flow slowly through U. Ammonia gas passes as afore-
said from C and is condensed and liquified in D. The thermometer will gradually
rise till it reaches 120° Centigrade; at which heat the liquor ammonice is to be

page_text: kept about twenty minutes by adjusting the means of heating. Then remove the
heat. Stop the flow of water in U. Let cold water flow through I. or R. S. or
both of them. The liquified gas will begin to evaporate from D and flow
through T. G. F. J. and L, and be absorbed by the liquor aminonice in C. This
process will continue about one hour, during which a block of ice will be formed
in U, and will adhere closely to the sides of D. To detach the ice, close G.
Open H. Stop the flow of water through R. S, & through J. if used. Heat C.
The hot gases from C now pass through E. T. F. J. H and M to the bottom of D
& very quickly detach the ice. At once put aside the bracket supporting U,
& remove U with its contents of ice & ice cold water. Then again remove the
source of heat from acting upon the contents of C.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is.
1. The arrangement of passages & valves connecting the boiler and ice pro-
ducing vessel substantially as herein before described.
2. The placing the valves E & F. in such position that they are outside the
ammonia boiler & readily accessible.
3. The provision of an internal coil or other
so that if the external surface of the boiler is
the surface of the coil or its substitute may be
or vice versa.
surface for the passage of heat;
used to heat the liquor ammonice,
used to cool the liquor ammonice;