IMPROVEMENTS IN CALORIC ENGINES, NAMED FIRE-AIR ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Heinson Huch, of Brunswick, and Francis
Joseph Windhausen, of Duderstadt, in Hanover, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CALORIC ENGINES, NAMED FIRE-AIR ENGINES," "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Heinson Huch
o and Francis Joseph Windhausen at the Office of the Commissioners.
. of Patents, with their Petition, on the, 25th June 1862.
I, EDWARD HEINSON HUCH, of Brunswick, and FRANCIS JOSEPH WIND-
HAUSEN, of Duderstadt, in Hanover, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALORIC ENGINES, NAMED FIRE-AIR ENGINES," "
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in caloric engines, named
"fire-air engines. For these purposes air under pressure, mixed with gases or
products of combustion, is used in giving motion to engines in the following
manuer. The apparatus for heating the compressed air is constructedwithan
external case or cylinder, with hemispherical or curved ends; and it is preferred
that this external case or vessel should be constructed of wrought iron, and
that the ends should be fixed to the cylinder by flanges and screw bolts.
On the interior of this case is a cylinder of somewhat less diameter than the '
outer case, in order that there may be a space between its outer surface and the.
[Price 8d:1

page_text: inner surface of the case. The inner cylinder is made double, and the space is
filled with ashes or others non-conducting matters. The air is supplied into
the space between the case and the inner cylinder by the engine or engines,
and from this space part of the air may be caused to pass intotheinnercylinder
above the fire through a regulating valve at the top of the innercylinder, which
it is preferred should consist of two circular discs, with corresponding openings
through them, one of which discs is fixed and the other is arranged to rotate
partly round, in order to determine the size of the passages, and thus to regu-
late the quantity of air passing in that direction. The movement of the valve
may be accomplished by connecting with it a thermostat, or otherwise; part
of the air supplied into the space between the inner cylinder and the case also
passes from such space to the fireat thelower part of theinner cylinder, where
there is another regulating valve, consisting of two discs with perforations, the
moving one of which may be connected to the governor of the engine and
worked thereby, or by the engine man or otherwise. By this valve, the
quantity of compressed air which is allowed to pass into the interior of the
furnace through the fire, and the quantity allowed to pass into the interior
cylinder without passing through the fire, is regulated; part of the air at all
times passing to the fire in order to support combustion. The gases or
products of combustion and the compressed air come together in the upper
part of the inner cylinder, and then pass through spiral or winding passages to
the pipe which supplies. the highly-heated compressed air and gases to the
engine or engines. The furnace is in a cylindrical form, having the fire
grating at its lower end, which is by preference of fire stone or fire-clay, and
is supported in such manner as to admit of its tilting when it is desired to
remove the ignited fuel therefrom, and there is a man-hole at the lower part
of the outer casing to admit of the ashes being removed whenthe fire has been
put out, and the compressed air has been allowed to escape. The interior of
the furnace is lined with fire-brick or fire-stone, and is open at top. Fuel is
supplied on to the grating from a hopper above the top of the cases, under
which hopper is a slide valve, through the upper part of which the fuel
descends from the hopper till the chamber in the valve is full, when the valve
is slid so that its lower end is brought opposite the upper end of a tube, down
which the fuel descends from the valve on to the fire grating below, there
being a cone suspended under the lower end of this pipe which deflects the
fuel outwards, so that it may be spread over the grating around the upper
part of this pipe; and within the outer casing there is a water vessel containing
water, by which the pipe and the valve above are kept cool, and when desired
provision is made to allow of streams of water descending from the water

page_text: vessel on to a disc with openings in the centre, and thence on to the fire so as
to produce steam to aid in starting the engine. In order to ensure the fire
being kept in good order there are lever stirrers applied, which can be worked
from the outside, and provision is made for the state of the fire being observed.
At the end of the pipe which conducts the highly heated air to the engine or
engines is a safety valve, which, when the fire is first lighted, is opened in
order that the first products of combustion may pass away in that direction.
The engines which are preferred to be employed, each consisting of an outer
cylinder with end covers, having within it an inner cylinder of less diameter,
so as to leave a space between the two for the reception of the air as it is
delivered from the engine, hence the interior cylinder will be kept cool, the
heat thereof being taken off by the air as it passes from the space between
the inner and outer cylinder into the heating apparatus above described,
and the airin its passage to the heating apparatus also passes around the slide
valve, by which the highly-heated air and products of combustion are supplied.
to the engine, and by which they are allowed to pass away therefrom to the
outer atmosphere or to a refrigerator, in order to employ the heat to a useful
purpose. The inner cylinder of the engine is recessed or made of a larger
diameter at one end than at the other, in order that a non-conducting matter or
substance may be introduced to form a coating to the interior of the inner
cylinder at that end where the highly-heated air and gases are received to
press on the piston; the other end of the inner cylinder is bored out in the
The piston employed is a long one, occupying about half
the length of the inner cylinder, and is filled with ashes or other suitable non-
conducting material; and, with the exception of one end, it does not fit the
inner cylinder, and the end which is packed and does fit the inner cylinder, is
that which is next the end of the inner cylinder, into which the cold atmo-
spheric air is received, whilst the other parts of the piston is slightly of less
diameter than the interior of the inner cylinder. The piston rod passes
through a suitable stuffing box at one end cover of the cylinders, whilst the.
other end cover is filled with ashes or other non-conducting materials; air is
admitted through a suitable valve or valves into the inner cylinder at the
opposite end to that where the highly-heated compressed air and gases are
received, and such atmospheric air is then driven through avalve intothespace
between the inner and outer cylinder, and thence into the heating apparatus,
the valve through which the cold atmospheric air is driven being pressed on
and resisted by the air previously in the space and in the heating apparatus.
usual manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph Windhausen,
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th December 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
HEINSON HUCH, of Brunswick, and FRANCIS JOSEPH WINDHAUSEN, of
Duderstadt, in Hanover, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign,did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph Windhausen, Her special licence
that we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph Windhausen, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward
Heinson Huch and Francis Joseph Windhausen, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALORIC ENGINES, NAMED FIRE-AIR ENGINES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edward Heinson Hucli
and Francis Joseph Windhausen, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals or under
the hand and seal of one of us, or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis
Joseph Windhausen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in caloric engines named
"fire-air engines." For these purposes air under pressure mixed with gases or
products of combustion is used in giving motion to engines in the following
manner: The apparatus for heating the compressed air isconstructed withan
external case or cylinder with hemispherical or curved ends, and it is preferred
that this external case or vessel should be constructed of wrought iron, and
that the ends should be fixed to the cylin ler by flanges and screw bolts. On

page_text: the interior of this case is a cylinder of somewhat less diameter than the outer
case, in order that there may may be a space between its outer surface and the
inner surface of the case. The inner cylinder is made double, and the space
is fitted with ashes or other non-conducting matters. The air is supplied into
the space between the case and the inner cylinder by the engine or engines,
and from this space part of the air may be caused to pass into the inner
cylinder above the fire through a regulating valve at the top of the inner
cylinder, which it is preferred should consist of two circular discs with corre
sponding openings through them, one of which discs is fixed, and the other is
arranged to rotate partly round, in order to determine the size of the passages,
and thus to regulate the quantity of air passing in that direction. The move-
ment of the valve may be accomplished by connecting it with a thermostat or
otherwise. Part of the air supplied into the space between the inner cylinder
and the case also passes from such space to the fire at the lower part of the
inner cylinder, where there is another regulating valve, consisting of two discs
with perforations, the moving one of which may be connected to the governor
of the engine and worked thereby, or by the engineman, or otherwise. By
this valve the quantity of compressed air which is allowed to pass into the
interior of the furnace through the fire, and the quantity allowed to pass into
the interior cylinder without passing through the fire is regulated, part of the
air at all times passing to the fire, in order to support combustion. The gases
or products of combustion and the compressed air come together in the upper
part of the inner cylinder, and then pass through spiral or winding passages to
the pipe which supplies the highly heated compressed air and gases to the
engine or engines. The furnace is in a cylindrical form,having the fire-grating
at its lower end, which is by preference of fire-stone or fire-clay, and is sup.
ported in such manner as to admit of its tilting when it is desired to remove
the ignited fuel therefrom, and there is a man-hole at the lower part of the
outer casing to admit of the ashes being removed when the fire has been put
out and the compressed air has been allowed to escape. The interior of the
furnace is lined with fire-brick or fire-stone, and is open at top. Fuel is sup-
plied on to the grating from a hopper above the top of the cases, under which
hopper is a slide valve, through the upper part of which the fuel descends
from the hopper till the chamber in the valve is full, when the valve is slid, so
that its lower end is brought opposite the upper end of a tube, down which
the fuel descends from the valve on to the fire-grating below, there being a
cone suspended under the lower end of this pipe which deflects the fuel out-
wards, so that it may be spread over the grating around the upper part of this
pipe, and within the outer casing there is a water vessel containing water, by

page_text: which the pipe and the valve above are kept cool, and when desired, provision
is made to allow of streams of water descending from the water vessel on to a
disc with openings in the centre, and thence on to the fire, so as to pro-
duce steam to aid in starting the engine. In order to ensure the fire being
kept in good order there are lever stirrers applied, which can be worked from
the outside, and provision is made for the state of the fire being observed. At
the end of the pipe which conducts the highly heated air to the engine or
engines is a safety valve, which, when the fire is first lighted, is opened, in order
that the first products of combustion may pass away in that direction. The
engines which are preferred to be employed, each consisting of an outer
cylinderwith end covers, having within it an inner cylinder of less diameter, so
as to leave a space between the two for the reception of the air as it is delivered
from the engine, hence the interior cylinder will be kept cool, the heat thereof
being taken off by the air as it passes from the space between the inner and
outer cylinder into the heating apparatus above described; and the air in its
passage to the heating apparatus also passes around the slide valve by which
the highly heated air and products of combustion are supplied to the engine,
and by which they are allowed to pass away therefrom to the outer atmosphere
or to a refrigerator, in order to employ the heat to a useful purpose.
The
inner cylinder of the engine is recessed or made of a larger diameter at one
end than at the other, in order that a non-conducting matter or substance
may be introduced to form a coating to the interior of the inner cylinder at
that end where the highly heated air and gases are received to press on the
piston; the other end of the inner cylinder is bored out in the usual manner.
The piston employed is a long one, occupying about half the length of the inner
cylinder, and is filled with ashes or other suitable non-conducting material, and
with the exception of one end it does not fit the inner cylinder, and the end
which is packed and does fit the inner cylinder is that which is next the end of
the inner cylinder into which the cold atmospheric air is received, whilst the
other part of the piston is slightly of less diameter than the interior of the
inner cylinder. The piston rod passes through a suitable stuffing box at one
end cover of the cylinders, whilst the other end cover is filled with ashes or
other non-conducting materials; air is admitted through a suitable valve or
valves into the inner cylinder at the opposite end to that where the highly
heated compressed air and gases are received, and such atmospheric air is
then driven through a valve into the space between the inner and outer
cylinder, and thence into the heating apparatus, the valve through which
the cold atmospheric air is driven being pressed on and resisted by the air
previously in the space and in the heating apparatus.

page_text: The annexed Drawing shows in Fig. 1 a. vertical section of the furnace
through its axis, a cross section, and an elevation of the cylinder; in Fig. 2,
a side elevation of the furnace, with four vertical sections and a longitudinal
section of one of the cylinders with its appurtenances; in Fig. 3, the plan
of the furnace and of the cylinders with several horizontal sections; in
Fig. 4, the upper plan of the furnace and of one cylinder. In all Figures
is the same part marked by the same character.
The upright standing mantle A is rivetted together like a common steam
builer of iron boiler plates, flanges are formed on both ends of angle iron; the
bottom plate A, is rivetted on the under flange ring, whilst the top plate A: is
secured by screw bolts, for the purpose of opening and shutting the furnace
when repairs are necessary; in the under part of the furnace is a ring plate
provided with four strong radial arms, Fig. 1 & 3, C₁; upon this plate stands
the furnace; it is constructed in the following way:-On a hollow cylinder B
(fire shaft) open at top and bottom, and armed with fireproof stones in the
entire inside, a ring plate B, surrounding the same is fitted air-tight; on this
ring plate is the double mantle B₁, secured, which surrounds it; themantle is
rivetted together with the plate B3 by means of an angle iron, by which means
the space left between the inner mantle, which is filled with bad conducters of
heat, is shut up. On the top the air-tight fit is formed by means of an iron
ring, which is rivetted on the projecting edges on the mantle, by which means
a concentric groove is produced; into this fits a suitable projection provided
on the top plate Bo, which is properly tightened with red lead, or another
putty. Up to this top plate. is the upper space of the inner mantle B₁
armed with fireproof stones, in a way as may be seen at Fig. 1. This is
intended for the purpose to keep the hot combustion gases from the mantle's
surface, and to secure a temperature high enough to inflame the combustion
products. The fireproof ring is based upon the angle iron ring B,, which is
rivetted to the inner surface of the mantle B₁; on the inside of this ring a
mantle B, is rivetted, which projects downwards. The space between this
mantle and the fire schaft is by means of four spiral plates B, partitioned
into 4 screw line canals which surround the fire schaft. The hot air passes
through these canals according to the direction of the arrows 1, 2, 3, into the
cylinders, and goes through the copper or platinum sieve Bg, to leave, when
light fuel is used, ashes and cinders behind. This wire sieve is partly secured
to the edge of the mantle B₁, and partly to the inner surface of the double
mantle B. The top plate B, is provided with a cast on or screwed on
cylinder D, of a form as is shown in Fig. ', it supports beneath the plate Bo
a screwed on plate D3, which has a bent down circumference, which is coated

page_text: underneath with fireproof stones. This fireproof coat is intended to protect the
plate B, from the radiating heat of the fire shaft, also to distribute the water
which falls. upon it when the engine is being started into the ring space L for
the purpose of evaporation, also to guide the air coming from the temperature
regulator into the ring space L. On the plate D, and on D₁ a hollow cylinder
is secured (feeding pipe), which reaches lower down into the fire shaft; this
cylinder is constructed of fireproof material, and in connection with the inside
circumference of the fire shaft by six radial partitions. Under the mouth of
the feeding pipe is a cone a made of fireproof stones, suspended by three
platinum wires, this cone distributes the descending fuel all over the grate.
The vertical partitions Do are intended on the one side to keep the feeding
pipe in its proper position, and on the other side to keep the heat high enough
to burn the gases and the smoke arising from the fuel. The projecting border
of the hollow cylinder D, is turned, and the water tank D, is based upon it,
in the midst of which a hollow cylinder D, open at top and bottom, is cast on.
This water tank is intended to keep cool, by the water which it contains, the
course of the coal slide valve E2, and also to introduce water for the formation
of steain into the heating apparatus after the engine has been heated. This
water goes through the cock D₁12, which may be seen in Fig. 2, the water falls
then in the circular gutter, shewn in Figs. 1 & 2; the gutter being perforated
lets the water fall in drops through the temperature regulator upon the plate
D3, and comes so into the furnace, the water which is not quite evaporated
upon
the plate D, floats into the ring space L of the furnace, and will be quite
evaporated in the spiral canals, by which means the pressure which is wanted
for starting the engine is produced; as soon as this is done the watercock D₁₂
is shut again, and the regular motion of the engine begins. The constant
refilling of the water tank is executed by a feeding pump, which is put in
motion by the engine itself. The water rises to the joint 1, from where it
runs over into the ash-pit to extinguish the ashes and cinders. The hollow
cylinder D,is elongated at the lowest end, (and forms together with the lowest
part,) and forms together with the bulged out funnel D, a circular chamber,
which is shewn in Fig. 1 in section. This chamber is intended to introduce a
portion of compressed atmospheric air from the space a for the consumption of
gases; the way of the atmospheric air goes through the openings in 1), and
through corresponding openings in the circular slide (J) J (temperature
regulator); the slide J is shewn in Fig. 1 & 3 in section and partly in plan.
This slide valve is provided with radial openings,and is ground upon the plate
Bo, which is likewise provided with corresponding openings. By means of this
temperature regulator the radial openings in B, may be opened or. shut, as

page_text: Fig. 3 explains, by which operation compressed air in the direction of the
arrows 3, may either be introduced into the ring space L of the furnace, or
may be excluded from it; by means of this arrangement the largest part of
the compressed air which will not be consumed will be mixed with the red
hot gases (fire aire) to lower the temperature of the mixture to such a degree
as to introduce it into the cylinder. The motion of the temperature regulator J
is either produced by a self-acting metal thermostad, which is fixed in the
space L2, or, as here in the Drawing, by means of a system of levers worked.
by the driver; this system is shewn in Fig. 2, in J₁, J2 J3. For the purpose
of moderating the pressure and corresponding the temperature according to
the resistance or velocity of the engine; there is upon the ring or bottom plate
Bs, a tight fitting slide K, which is provided with openings which correspond
with openings in the ring plate B; this trellis slide K is put in a guide,
which allows a concentric motion which is produced by the governor of the
engine itself; for this purpose goes a small shaft K, through the mantle A, by
means of a stuffing box; on one side of this shaft is fixed the segment wheel K₂,
which gears in a cog wheel which forms a part of the slide K, with this
arrangement, according to the slower or quicker motion of the engine, the
openings in the ring plate B, are shut or opened, by which operation less or
more compressed cool air is introduced into the ring space of the furnace. The
connection of the shaft K, with the governor is not shewn in the Drawing, as
they are made in the common way. The lowest part of the fire shaftis shut up by
means of a circular grate C; this grate this grate is formed or constructed in the
common way when fuel is used which is not of too small size for very fine fuel.
The grate is constructed of a solid piece, with fire proof stones on the surface
next to the fire. The under surface of the grate iron rests upon a strong shaft,
which has its bearings in the ring plate C,and gocsair-tight through a stuffing
box fixed on the mantle A, Fig. 3. By means of the lever C, the shaft C₁₂
might be turned, when the grate C will turn in the direction of the arrow 6,
whereby all the ashes and cinders laying on the top of the grate will tumble
down into the ash-pit. On the top of the grate is the stirring apparatus H,
which surrounds the fire shaft; in Figs. 1 and 3 is the stirring apparatus,
shewn in plan and section. In the fire shaft, at a certain height from the
bottom, are four rectangular holes diamatrically opposite to each other; these
holes are fitted with strong iron boxes, which are on the one side intended,
together with the grooved ring which lies underneath, to introduce compressed
air from the outer space a into the fire shaft, but on the other side, to allow
the stirring irons H to pass into the fire shaft to loosen and stir the fire.
These stirring irons are moveable in bearings on the outer side of the outer

page_text: coat of the fire shaft; they are connected with three rods H' in such a way
that they are moving altogether at the same time in dependency with each
other,and with the same angular velocity; the motion of the stirring apparatus
is produced by the engine driver. On the top plate A₁ of the mantle A
above the water tank D, the sliding surface D° for the coal slide valve is
secured by means of screw bolts, and may be easily removed. This surfrce is
supported (as is shewn in Fig. 1) in the midst of the feeding shaft D* in
such a way that by means of the grooves 1 & 2, cool compressed air in
small quantities is introduced into the feeding shaft, this descending stream
of cold air keeps away the radiating and conducting heat of the metallic
surface of the feeding shaft, which is likewise kept cool by the water
tank D; the surface D, is planed, and it moves upon it the coal slide D.
The coal slide has two conical openings of the same dimensions, the bases of
which are of the same size as the opening in the surface of the feeding shaft.
Upon the coal slide lies a cast iron plate D., Fig. 1; this plate fits air-tight,
has in its midst a round opening, and on both sides a square one. Above
these square openings are two iron mill hoppers D,, for the purpose to receive
the fuel, which is reduced to a certain size. This cast-iron plate is kept in a
steady horizontal position by means of two stirrups D, which act at the same
time as springs of little elasticity. The required pressure of the plate upou
the coal slide, and the air-tight fit of the same, is obtained by means of the
arrangement which is shewn in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4. By means of a lever V.
which is secured to the stirrup D₁o, a moveable point V₁ presses the valve V₂,
and by this the plate D., firm and air-tight upon the slide. The pressure
upon the lever V is produced by a set screw V3, which is screwed into the
other stirrup D10, and which can easily be loosened or fastened by the driver.
As may be seen in Fig. 2, the position of the openings in the coal slide D,, in
the plate De, and in the top plate Dg, are arranged in such a way that when-
ever the mouth of the under part of one of the two holes of the coal slide are
in communication with the openings at the top of the feeding shaft D₁, the
mouth at the top of the second hole of the coal slide will be underneath the
opening of the coal reservoir D). The alternative motion of the coal slide is
produced by the arrangement which may be seen in Fig. 1, 2, 4. A crank.
with a connecting rod is put in motion by means of a worm wheel E and worm
screw E. On to the end of the screw shaft E, is fitted a pulley, which can
be driven from the fly wheel shaft in any well known way with a speed in
proportion to the consumption of fuel. Under some circumstances we prefere
to construct the coal-feeding apparatus in a space which is formed by an
elongation of the outer mantle A, this space being shut up at the top by a

page_text: lid. Through the lid goes a spindle, which gives motion to the coal slide.
Fig. 2 shews also the canal and the fire-door for the first firing of the engine.
This canal Gends in the inner part of the fire shaft B, as constructed of iron,
and armed with fireproof material in its inside. This canal is secured on one
side to the mantel A, and on the other side to the mantle of the fore shaft in
such a way that only by means of four small openings G, cold compressed air
from the space a may be introduced for the purpose of keeping away too
great heat from the fire-door, which moves horizontally on hinges, and may
be pressed with two screws G₂ on a turned cast-iron ring, which is rivetted to
the mantle A. For the purpose that the driver may see the fire when the
engine is at work there is a piece of plate glass placed in the midst of the
fire-door; G, shows, in Fig. 2, how this glass may be filled. The undermost
part of the heating apparatus (ash-pit) stands in communication with the
canal F, which is rivetted on to it, so as to be seen in the section, Fig. 2.
On the end of this canal is likewise a horizontal moving door F₁ secured,
the whole arrangement being provided to enable the driver to remove the
ashes and cinders after the engine has been at work for some time. Opposite
to the fire door G₁, in the outer mantle B, of the furnace, is a pipe S rivetted
on; it goes through the outer mantle A, and has a form as may be seen in
Fig. 2. This pipe is surrounded by a second strong pipe S, which is secured
on the outer wall of the furnace; it supports on its upper part the safety
valve S. The valve as well as its seat remain cool, as the space between the
two pipes S and S, is filled with cool air, which comes from the space a.
The upper part of the pipe S is shut by a cover So, which may be easily
lifted. The weight upon the valve, proportionate to the pressure of the inside,
is put on in the known way by the lever S, Fig. 2. The pipe S is intended
to guide the smoke away when the engine is being started; it is a well under-
stood thing that for this purpose the safety valve S, is taken off, the lever S, is
put on one side, whilst the weight S4, rests on the bracket provided for this
purpose. A pressure guage is put on the furnace in which cold air from the
space a enters; this is not shewn in the Drawings, as they contain only
known things. On the outside of the furnace two cylinders are screwed on
diametrically opposite to each other. Fig. 1 shows one of them in elevation,
the other in section according to the line s in Fig. 2. A longitudinal section
is shown in Fig. 2 according to the line y, Fig. 1. Both cylinders are of the
saine shape and contruction, for which reason the following description is
applicable to both. The cylinders are constructed like steam jacket pans,
as may be seen, Fig. 1 & 2. A ring-like space is left between the inner
and outer wall. The outer cylinder Z is cast in one piece with a canal Z,

page_text: with the seat of the sliding valve, and with the bracket Z. The cylinder is
'secured on the one side by means of flanges and screw bolts to the outer
mantle of the furnace, whilst on the other side it is secured to a frame and the
foundation of the engine. The foundation is left out in the Drawing, as it
depends upon known constructions and the locality where the engine may be
fitted. The inner cylinder has the form, as may be seen from the longitudinal
section Fig. 2; it is pressed into the outer cylinder, and secured air-tight to
it. The fore end of the inner cylinder, in which the packing of the piston
moves, is bored up to this point of a certain diameter; the remaining part
of the cylinder has a somewhat larger diameter. This wider part contains a
smaller hollow cylinder Z₂ constructed of very thin material. The ring or
ring space which is left between the outer surface of the cylinder Z, and the
inner surface Z, is filled with material which conducts heat badly. This is
done for the purpose of preventing the heat which comes with the hot air
through the canal y from coming in contact with the cylinder Z. The piston,
of a particular long form, is shewn in Fig. 2, partly in section and partly in
elevation; the same is provided with a long hollow cylinder Q₁ towards the
side, from which the hot fire air comes. This cylinder has likewise very thin
sides, and is filled with non-conductors of heat. The length of this piston
cylinder before the packing ring is the same as the stroke of the engine, and
keeps away the heat from the real piston Q, from the packing rings, and from
the friction surface Z₁. The piston rod Q₁ is fixed to the piston in a way as
shewn in Fig. 2; it goes through the inlet or suction valve O, which is of one
piece with the stuffing box, inside of which the packing of the piston rod lies,
which may be conveniently compressed. This stuffing box is surrounded by
the cylindrical guide Ze, which is properly turned out, and by means of two
radial arms in communication with the cylinder lid Z3, together with which
it is of one piece. The cylinder lid has in the inside a seat for the valve,
which is kept air-tight by the leather O₂, for the reason of preventing the
valve from opening too far. The ring O, is screwed on to the end of the
stuffing box, which by the opening of the valve beats against the pro-
jection Z.; this projection is likewise provided with leather. (To prevent the
valve from opening too far, a ring 03 is screwed on the end of the stuffing
box, which, when the valve is open to its proper width, beats against the
projection Z.) It is evident that by means of the friction of the piston rod
in the stuffing box the valve will go the same way as the piston rod. When
the valve is open, atmospheric air is drawn in, when, on the other hand, the
valve is shut, the atmospheric air will be compressed. As soon as the com-
pression is high enough to lift the pressure valve P the air will rush through

page_text: the canal W into the ring space which is left between the inside and outside
cylinder, and from this ring space through the canal Z, into the heating
apparatus or furnace.
The construction of the pressure valve is to be seen in Fig. 2 & 3; the
valve seat is screwed on in a convenient place, and contains a small upright
shaft, which goes through a suitable neck, and offers in this way a proper
neck for the valve. The stroke of the valve P is limited by a spindle P3,
which goes through a stuffing box in the valve lid Z, and works with its
other end, which is outside the stuffing box, under the lever P4. The other
end of this lever corresponds with the piston P2, which by means of a stuffing
box,moves air-tight through the cylinder lid; the reason for this arrangement
is to make the outlet valve P to shut the very moment when the piston is on
the end of its stroke. The piston acts upon the little piston P₂, and this
again presses by the lever P4 and the piston P, the valve P home. The
introduction of fire air under the piston, and the following shutting off of the
same, for the expansion and the escape of the fire air, when the piston moves
backwards, is performed by means of the sliding valve M, which by means of
a connecting rod M, and a lever M,, which is fixed upon the cylinder Z,
receives its motion in a well known way, by means of an excentric fixed on
the fly wheel shaft. The sliding valve is shewn in Fig. 2, in a longitudinal.
section, in such a position that the fire air goes from the canal L through
the sliding valve, and the canal y under the piston; this canal L is con-
structed of thin metal plates (copper sheet), one end of it goes near to the
outer ring space L, of the furnace, whilst its other rectangular mouth is
secured near under the opening y. The intention of this insulated position
and of the thin sides of the canal, is to prevent heat from coming on the
friction surface of the slide valve, or of the cylinder itself, all the surface of
the canal L,with the exception of those parts where it is fixed, are surrounded
by cold compressed air; the canal y is also constructed of thin sheets and
surrounded by non-conductors of heat. In order that the chief part of the
slide M may not be heated, a second slide M₁, Fig. 2, with thin sides, is
fastened in it, so that theire sides are insulated one from each other, and
that the hot gases only come in contact with the inside of the slide M. The
width of the interior slide M is smaller than the under opening of the valve M,
so that, as may be seen in Fig. 6, which represents the under surface of the
slide, two small parallel slits are formed in the under surface of the slide;
these slits are in contiuual communication with the canal M4, which may be
seen in Fig. 3, where the sliding surface of the valve is shewn in plan with
the canals M4, and in Fig. 1, where the canals M, are shewn in section; by

page_text: this arrangement, the space left between the outside and inside valve M
and M₁ is continually filled with cold compressed air. Through the canal N
Fig. 3, not any hot but only cold air is introduced, which comes through
the canal N, and N2, Fig. 3, before the packing ring upon the sliding surface
of the piston, and keeps the piston and its gliding surface cool. This cool air
is heated to a low degree, by which means it keeps up a continual stream of
comparatively cool air in an opposite direction to the motion of the piston,
behind which it mixes with the fire air. The upper surface of the slide valve is
parallel with the under surface. Upon the upper surface, presses the plate Mo,
which is kept in its steady position by means of two set screws M,, which go
through the two stays, which are secured to the sliding surface Mo. This plate
Mo is in communication with the shaft Ms, into which the hot gases by the
back motion of the piston through the canal y, and the canal M3 is introduced
into the shaft M5. The air-tight fit of the slide valve upon
its surface is pro-
duced by the following arrangement:-Two screws are fixed in the plate Mo,
which go through a steel frame M,, in which four steel rollers M., are placed
two and two, forming one set. These rollers may be set properly by means of
the before mentioned screws, whereb; an air-tight fit with the least friction is
produced. The shaft M5 which is partly shewn in Fig. 2, guides the hot
gases, either directly in the free air, or through a known regenerator, to give
off their heat on the cold air which is pumped into it. In this case the canal
Zo is fixed at the heating apparatus in such a way as to allow only little cool
air to enter directly into the space a of the furnace, whilst the greater part
goes through a canalwhich is screwed on to the cylinder into the regenerator,
from which it reaches by means of a suitable tube, the space a of the furnace.
The slide valve may under some circumstances be included in a box, which is
fastened air-thight upon the sliding surface,and kept cool bya continual stream
of cold air. In this case is the slide valve without the canal Mg, the slide
valve is moved corresponding to the motion of the piston, in such a way that
the canal y is opened and shut according to the intended degree of the expan-
sion. The fire air finds. then its way from behind the piston through a valve,
which has its place in the cylinder lid; this valve (similar in its construction
to the valve l') is opened precisely when the piston is at the end of its stroke,
and is shut at the moment when the fire air enters through the slide valve.
In this (machine) fire-air engine, two cylinders are used, but any one will see
that engines may be put together with one, two, or more cylinders or sets of
cylinders, together with their appurtenances, and they may be filled horizon-
tally or vertically, connected with or seperated from the furnace. In respect
to the latter case, nothing will be altered but to elongate the canal Z, and Lin

page_text: Fig. 2. It is likewise evident that the compression of the atmospheric air, and
the work of the fire air may be obtained in seperate cylinders of which both
are connected to one set. The working cylinder becomes a double acting one,
with the triple length of the stroke, and is fitted with valves O on both ends.
The essential and new parts of this Invention are in the particular way
of the combustion under pressure; in the application of the stirring appa-
ratus; in the self-acting feeding apparatus; in the particular arrangement of
consuming the smoke; in the application of water to the production of
steam in the described manner to gain pressure for the first starting of
the engine; this water may also be used when the engine is at work; in
the self-acting regulator of the pressure of the fire air in the particular.
way to keep the outer surface of the heating apparatus cool without losing.
power or heat to any considerable degree by means of air which is com-
pressed and circulates in the space which is left between the double sides
of the heating apparatus; in the keeping of the grease in the cylinder, and
at the piston and sliding valve, by keeping all their parts cool by means
of a counter current of relative cool air; in the new construction of tho
slide valve M; in the particular construction of the inlet and outlet valves
O and P, and in the perticular way to open and shut them precicely; in
the full utilization of the heat contained in the fuel for the heating of the
fire air; in the possibility to reach very high temperature and pressure of
the gases which may be used with safety in the cylinder under great
expansion; in the possibility to reach very high velocity of the piston,
whereby the effect of the engine rises in proportion; in the possibility to
construct this kind of engine in a space much smaller, as the space which
is required to put a high-pressure steam engine with its boiler; in in the
very little consumption of fuel, which is not more than 1lbs. to 1lbs. per
hour per horse power, and which may be considerably reduced by means of
a regenerator, when the consumption of carbone is not more than lbs. to
1 lbs. per hour per horse power; in the considerable low temperature of the
outer surface of the heating apparatus and cylinders, compared with the hot
fire air inside of them, and with other steam engines and caloric engines.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 10th
Db 1960
E. HEINSON HUCH. (L.S.)
F. WINDHAUSEN.
(L.S.)