A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE IMITATION OF FANCY PATTERNS ON CLOTHS BY PRINTING
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
.:
Buildings, Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE
IMITATION OF FANCY PATTERNS ON CLOTHS BY PRINTING."-A communica-3
tion from abroad by Theophile Grison, of Saint Desir de Lisieux
Calvados, France, Dyer.
{
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th September 1871.
.I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby.
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS
FOR THE IMITATION OF FANCY PATTERNS ON CLOTHS BY PRINTING," to be as
follows:-
:-
"This Invention has reference to a process for the imitation of all kinds
of woven fancy patterns on cloths by printing. This process, which is:

page_text: applicable under all circumstances, whether before the fulling of the
cloth or whether it be perfectly or only partially fulled, consists in the
application of mordants by impression by means of printing cylinders
engraved with the desired patterns, which operation is followed by a
colouring process whether before or after the fulling.
The cloth is subsequently subjected to an ordinary finishing process in
order that the imitation may be perfect.
The process may also be carried out with cloths dyed with discharge
colours. In all cases the engraving of the printing cylinders is made
deeper than usual in order that the colours and mordants may be made
to penetrate well into the cloth. For the mordants are employed the
salts of iron, copper, chromium, and other similar salts applicable for a
subsequent dyeing in black colours. For the diverse tints of the fancy
patterns the mordant is composed of salts appropriate to the tints, such
as the soluble salts of alumina, of tin, lead, iron, copper, zinc, and
chromium. For greys a complex mordant with acid reaction is added
composed of salts of alumina, of tin, iron, copper, chromium, lead, and
zinc in variable proportions.
As to the composition of the dye bath, this will of course be very
variable, according to the tints required and according to the mordants
employed. The dye stuffs principally used are extracts of logwood,
fustic, and galls for black colours, and for other colours the colouring
matters are appropriate to the tint, such as logwood, fustic, lima wood,
archil, catechu, and cochineal.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th March 1872.
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the

page_text: i
'
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special
licence, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, dminis-"
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Denton
Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE IMITATION OF FANCY PATTERNS ON CLOTHS
BY PRINTING," a communication to me from abroad by Theophile Grison,
of Saint Desir de Lisieux Calvados, France, Dyer, upon the condition,
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has reference to a process for the imitation of all kinds
of woven fancy patterns on cloths by printing. This process, which is
applicable under all circumstances, whether before the fulling of the
cloth or whether it be perfectly or only partially fulled, consists in the
application of mordants by impression by means of printing cylinders
engraved with the desired patterns, which operation is followed by a
colouring process, whether befor or after the fulling.
The cloth is subsequently subjected to an ordinary finishing process in
order that the imitation may be perfect.
The process may also be carried out with cloths dyed with discharge
colours. In all cases the engraving of the printing cylinders is made
deeper than usual in order that the colours and mordants may be made
to penetrate well into the cloth. For the mordants are employed the
salts of iron, copper, chromium, and other similar salts applicable for a

page_text: subsequent dyeing in black colours. For the diverse tints of the fancy
patterns the mordant is composed of salts appropriate to the tints, such
as the soluble salts of aluminium, of tin, lead, iron, copper, zinc, and
chromium. For greys a complex mordant with acid reaction is added.
composed of salts of aluminium, of tin, iron, copper, chromium, lead,
and zinc in variable proportions.
As to the composition of the dye bath, this will of course be very
variable according to the tints required and according to the mordants
employed, the dye stuffs principally used are extracts of logwood, fustic,
and galls for black colours, and for other colours the colouring matters
are appropriate to the tint, such as logwood, fustic, lima wood, orchil;
catechu, and cochineal.
Such composition of mordants and of dyes has been already described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to me on the 28 August 1871,
No. 2259, for an Invention communicated by the same foreign cor-
respondant, and is repeated here not that it may be claimed as novel but
for the more complete understanding of the process which forms the
subject of the present Invention.
In applying the process the fabric is printed by deeply engraved
rollers acting with great pressure in patterns of one or more colours.
For thick fabrics both sides should be printed. After suitable drying
the printed fabric is subjected to the action of steam during a period of
30 to 75 minutes for the purpose of fixing. It is then washed for the
purpose of removing the dyes or mordants that are not fully
incorporated with the fabric and finally dried. If the printing has
been made on fabrics not previously fulled or only partially fulled it
is fulled after printing in the manner usually employed for fancy:
patterns. When the printing has been made on a fulled fabric it is
washed with soap or fuller's earth. After the operations above described.
the fabric is subjected to the finishing process ordinarily employed for
fancy patterns. It will be readily understood that this process, which
is applicable to felted as well as to woven fabrics, and by which patterns
ordinarily produced by weaving can be produced by printing in colours
as fast as if they were woven in, cheapens the production of fancy
patterns.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what,

page_text: correspondent, I claim, the production of fancy patterns by printing
fabrics under deeply engraved rollers with dyes or mordants so as to
give or discharge colours, and subsequently dyeing, washing, drying,
fulling if necessary, and finishing, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto
set
hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
my