Improvements in Centrifugal Ventilators and Pumps.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 2nd June, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Ventilators and Pumps.
I, CHARLES WENNER, Englisch Viertelstrasse 51, Hottingen, Zurich,
Switzerland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:--
This invention relates to centrifugal ventilators or pumps and has for its object
to exercise a double pressure upon the liquid or gas (e.y. air) by means of a double
vane wheel.
A compound centrifugal pump according to this invention therefore constitutes a
combination of two single acting centrifugal pumps and enables the liquid to be
raised to a greater height than would be the case, where an ordinary centrifugal
pump working at the same speed employed.
In the same way as the vane wheel of a centrifugal pump of this construction
exercises a double pressure on the liquid, a double vane wheel may be used in a
ventilator so as to enable the machine to be employed as a high pressure ventilator
working at higher pressure than usually obtainable with centrifugal ventilators.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section along the spindle of a ventilator according to this
invention in an upright position (the vanes revolving in a vertical plane), and
Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section along the spindle and
Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the linea a Fig. 3 of a corresponding centrifugal
pump.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively a vertical central section and a horizontal section
on the line y y Fig. 5, of a horizontal ventilator with the vanes running in a
horizontal plane.
The machine consists both when employed for liquids or gases, essentially of the
case which in the upright form of the apparatus (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4) is provided
with feet, or in the case of the horizontal arrangement (Figs. 5 and 6) with a
flange for securing the whole to the foundation. As is shown in the horizontal
form Figs. 5 and 6 a part of the case G may be replaced by a suitably formed
body of stone, cement or other material.
At
In the case G is situated a two-part or double vane wheel A B secured to a
spindle running in the bearings L L and driven by a pulley P, carrying on each
side of the web t suitably shaped vaness. In the case of the centrifugal pump
Figs. 3 and 4 the said vanes are made stouter than in the case of the ventilator; in
the former case the wheel acts as a bucket wheel, in the latter case as a fan.
the side of the vanes the wheel is partially closed by covers ww each of which is
formed with a circular opening round the spindle through which the liquid or the
air finds access to the vanes of the wheel A B. The peculiarity of the case G
which encloses the vane wheel consists in its having two separate chambers, an
outer one K and an inner one K* separated by the partition G which forms a ring
round the spindle, the latter chamber being connected with the outlet O in the case
of the ventilator, and the discharge pipe O' in the case of the pump.
chamber K is divided from the chamber K by the web t of the vane wheel and
also by means of the cover w³. In a similar manner (in the case of the pump) the
said cover w by reason of its proximity at the points of the case G of the pump
encloses a hollow space round the spindle which forms a suction chamber C through
which the liquid enters. At the three points i, i,, the case is turned to form
circular openings and at these points when used as a ventilator it forms practically
air tight joints with the vane wheel without actual contact. In the case of the
The

page_text: centrifugal pump the joints must also be as tight as possible and suitable packing
may be employed in the form of leather washers or other suitable arrangement as
shown at these points in dark lines in Fig. 3.
In the high pressure ventilator the air first enters the centre of the vane wheel,
then passes into the half of the wheel designated A and is driven to the
circumference, and enters the chamber K' at a pressure corresponding to the
rapidity of rotation of the vane wheel; when the chamber K is completely filled
it
passes to the other side of the vane wheel and this may take place at one point
only or as shown in the drawing round the whole of the circumference. From this
outer chamber K¹, in which the air is already at a certain pressure, it passes
through the central opening of the second half B of the vane wheel into the latter
and is then ejected into the inner chamber K2 after having been brought to a still
higher pressure by the action of the second half of the vane wheel. From the
chamber K2 finally the compressed air passes out through the outlet O. The
whole course of the air in the apparatus is clearly shown in the drawings by arrows
and it is plain that the chamber K¹ forms at the same time a suction chamber for
the one half of the vane wheel and a receiving chamber for the other half.
The method of working of the compound centrifugal pump corresponds to that
of the ventilator. The fluid is sucked in through the tube c passes through the
suction aperture of the wheel (compare the arrows on the left of Fig. 3) between
the vanes of the half of the wheel A and owing to the centrifugal force is projected
towards the circumference and driven into the chamber K at a certain pressure.
This pressure corresponds with half the height to which the liquid is ultimately to
be raised, that is to say the height to which it would be raised by one half of the
vane wheel. The second half of the wheel exercises a similar action upon the fluid
which is already under pressure, the consequence being that the liquid passes from
the chamber through the second suction aperture of the wheel into the half B
of the wheel and thereupon is driven by the vanes at increased pressure into the
chamber K2 from whence it passes into the delivery pipe O' Fig. 4. As a
consequence the height to which the liquid will rise in pipe O is about twice that
to which it would be raised by one half of the vane wheel only. The course of the
liquid through the pump is shown by the arrows in Fig. 3 and here also it is
evident that the chamber K' at the same time acts as a suction chamber for B and
receiving chamber for A.
In order that the air or the liquid on leaving the vane wheel A B should enter
the chamber K with as little bump or eddying or commotion as possible, suitably
formed guide vaness are arranged concentrically with the wheel at the points
where the air or the liquid passes out of the wheel.
Dated this 27th day of July 1892.
C. WENNER,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Ventilators and Pumps.
I, CHARLES WENNER, Englisch Viertelstrasse 51, Hottingen, Zurich,
Switzerland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to centrifugal ventilators or pumps and has for its object
to exercise a double pressure upon the liquid or gas (e.g. air) by means of a double
vane wheel.
A centrifugal pump according to this invention is therefore compound and
constitutes a combination of two simple centrifugal pumps whereby liquid can be
raised to a greater height than would be the case, were an ordinary centrifugal
pump working at the same speed employed.

page_text: In the same way as the vane wheel of a centrifugal pump of this construction
xercises a greater pressure on a liquid, a double vane wheel may be used in
ventilator so as to enable the machine to be employed as a high pressure
entilator working at higher pressure than is usually obtainable with simple
entrifugal ventilators.
In the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section along the spindle of a ventilator according to this
nvention arranged in an upright position (the vanes revolving in a vertical plane);
nd
Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line a Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section along the spindle, and
Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line ¹¹Fig. 3, of a corresponding centrifugal
pump.
Fig. 5 is a vertical central section and
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line y y Fig. 5, of a horizontal ventilator
with the vanes running in a horizontal plane."
The machine consists both when employed for liquids and gases, essentially of a
casing G, which in the upright form of the apparatus (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4), is
provided with feet, and in the case of the horizontal arrangement (Figs. 5 and 6)
with a flange for securing the casing to a foundation, as is shown in the horizontal
form (Figs. 5. and 6), a part of the casing G may be replaced by a suitably formed
body of stone, cement or other material.
In the casing G is situated a two-part or double vane wheel A B that is secured
to a spindle running in the bearings L L and driven by a pulley P, the said wheel
In the case of the
carrying on each side of the web t, suitably shaped vaness 3.
centrifugal pump shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the said vanes are made stouter than in
the case of the ventilator; in the former case the wheel acts as a liquid pumping
wheel, in the latter case as a fan. At the side of the vanes the wheel is partially
closed by covers ww each of which is formed with a circular opening round the
spindle through which the liquid or the air as the case may be, finds access to the
vanes of the wheel A B. The peculiarity of the casing G which encloses the vane
wheel consists in its having two separate chambers, viz, an outer one K, and an
inner one K separated by the partition which forms a ring round the spindle,
the latter chamber being connected with the outlet O in the case of the ventilator,
and the discharge pipe O in the case of the pump. The chamber K' is divided
from the chamber K by the web t of the vane wheel, and also by means of the
cover w¹.
In a similar manner (in the case of the pump) the cover w by reason of
encloses a hollow space
its proximity to the points of the casing G of the pump
round the spindle which forms a suction chamber C through which the liquid
enters. At the three points i, 1, 1, the case is turned to form circular openings
and at these points when used as a ventilator it forms practically air tight joints
In the case of the centrifugal pump
with the vane wheel without actual contact.
the joints must also be as tight as possible and suitable packing may be employed
in the form of leather washers or other suitable arrangement as shown at these
points in dark lines in Fig. 3.
In the high pressure ventilator the air first enters the centre of the vane wheel,
then passes into the half of the wheel designated A and is driven to the circum-
ference, and enters the chamber K' at a pressure corresponding to the rapidity of
rotation of the vane wheel; when the chamber K' is completely filled it passes to
0 the other side of the vane wheel and this may take place at one point only or as
From this outer
shown in the drawing round the whole of the circumference.
chamber K, in which the air is already at a certain pressure, it passes into the
second half B of the vane wheel through the corresponding central opening and is
thereby ejected into the inner chamber K after having been brought to a still
From
5 higher pressure by the action of the said second half of the vane wheel.
the chamber K the compressed air passes out through the outlet O. The whole
course of the air in the apparatus is clearly shown in the drawings by arrows and

page_text: it is plain that the chamber K¹ forms at the same time a suction chamber for the
one half of the vane wheel and a receiving chamber for the other half.
The method of working of the compound centrifugal pump corresponds to that
of the ventilator. The liquid is drawn in through the tube C passes through the
suction aperture of the half wheel A (compare the arrows on the left of Fig. 3)
between the vanes thereof and owing to centrifugal force is projected towards the
circumference and driven into the chamber K' at a certain pressure. This pressure
corresponds with half the height to which the liquid is ultimately to be raised, that
is to say the height to which it would be raised by one half of the vane wheel.
The second half of the wheel exercises a similar action upon the liquid which is
already under pressure, the consequence being that the liquid passes from the
chamber through the second suction aperture into the half B of the wheel and
thereupon is driven by the vanes at an increased pressure into the chamber K²
from whence it passes into the delivery pipe O' Fig. 4. As a consequence the
height to which the liquid will rise in pipe O is about twice that to which it would
be raised by one half of the vane wheel only. The course of the liquid through
the pump is shown by the arrows in Fig. 3 and here also it is evident that the
chamber K at the same time acts as a suction chamber for B and as a receiving
chamber for A.
In order that the air or the liquid on leaving the vane wheel A B should enter
the chamber K with as little bump or eddying or commotion as possible, suitably
formed guide vaness's are arranged concentrically with the wheel at the points
where the air or the liquid passes out of the wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. A centrifugal pump or ventilator having a vane wheel divided by a solid
central disc or diaphragm into two parts A B and provided with two central suction
orifices, the said wheel being mounted to rotate within a case G divided by a ring
or partition G in such a manner that the case G is divided into two chambers K' K
of which the outer one K serves as the pressure chamber of one part A of the
vane wheel and as the suction chamber of the other part 1 of the said wheel while
the inner chamber K serves as a pressure chamber for the second part of the vane
wheel from which the liquid or gas, under the double pressure, escapes into the
discharge pipe or substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a centrifugal pump or ventilator of the kind referred to in the preceding
claim the arrangement of the stationary guide vaness¹¹ around the circumference
of the wheel for the purpose of conveying the liquid issuing from the circumference
of one part A of the wheel into the chamber K' without eddying or commotion
substantially as described.
3. In a centrifugal pump of the kind referred to in Claim 1 the arrangement of
suitable packing such as leather strips or discs at the points i, 1, 2 for the purpose
of effecting a fluid tight joint between the pump casing and the vane wheel A Bat
these points substantially as herein described.
4. In a centrifugal pump of the kind referred to in Claim 1, the construction of
the casing G in such a manner that it surrounds the wheel shaft or spindle in front
of the inlet opening of the part A of the vane wheel and forms a second space or
chamber for the purpose of conveying the liquid supplied through the suction
pipe C to the said inlet orifice and thus to the pump substantially as herein
described.
Dated this 25th day of April 1802
CHARLES WENNER,
By L. W., per F. B.