CHETAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WARPS FOR WHAVING
Year: 1850

page_text: ANDREW & MARKLAND'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
ANDREW, of Compstall Bridge, in the County of Chester, Manufacturer, and
RICHARD MARKLAND, of the same place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Let-
ters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-first day of February, in the thirteenth year of Her reign, and in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Charles Andrew
and Richard Markland, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said Charles Andrew and Richard Markland, our
exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said Charles Andrew
and Richard Markland, our exors, admors, or assigns, shall at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "CHETAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING WARPS FOR WHAVING;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said Charles Andrew
and Richard Markland, should cause a particular description of the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Charles Andrew and Richard Markland, do hereby declare that the nature of

page_text: our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed,
and the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
Our Improvements in the Method of and in the Machinery or Apparatus for
Preparing Warps for Weaving consist principally in a certain novel and pecu-
liar construction, arrangement, and combination of mechanism adapted for the
purpose of sizing, drying, finishing, and beaming warps, whereby we are
enabled to wind on two separate beams, at one and the same operation, in one
machine, the yarn being subject to much less abrasion or friction subsequent to
sizing or soughing, during the process of drying and finishing, than is the case
with machines hitherto in use. By means of our Invention we are enabled
greatly to improve the evenness and quality of the yarn, and also considerably
to diminish the liability of its being broken or destroyed during the preparing
process. Such being the nature and object of our said improvements, we will
proceed more particularly to describe the manner of carrying the same into
practical effect, which will be readily understood by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the three Sheets of Drawings annexed to these
Presents. The accompanying Drawings are made to a scale of about one
inch and a half to a foot, and similar letters of reference are marked upon
corresponding parts of the mechanism in the several Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of the driving side of our improved machine
for preparing warps; Fig. 2 is a plan or horizontal view of the same, as seen
from above; and Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus taken
vertically through about the line A, B, in Fig. 2. a, a, a, a, represents the
side frames of the machine. These frames at each end support in suitable
bearings the beams b, b, b, b, upon which the yarn to be prepared is wound.
It will be observed that the end flanches of these beams are of a much larger
diameter than usual, thus allowing a greater amount of yarn to be wound
on at a time, and making the necessity of "twisting in" less frequent.
But in order to prevent the vibration which would be caused by such increased
diameter (when the diameter of the beam decreases by the yarn being wound
off), the outer flanch c, c, is made in two parts, and is capable of being
romoved from the inner flanch and replaced at pleasure; so that as soon as
the
yarn has been wound off to the level of the periphery of the inner flanch,
the outer flanch c, c, is removed, and the beam is again a full beam, and
runs as steadily as at the commencement. Friction is applied to the beams to
give tension to the yarns by means of the weighted levers and straps d, d, d, d.

page_text: "
The yarn is pressed
e, e, is a reed through which the yarn passes over the guide roller f.f, to the
sizing or soughing rollers 9, 9, which are caused to revolve as usual by the
tension of the yarn. 7 is a rotary brush, which is actuated by the following
means: Motion being imparted to the main driving shaft i, i, (by means of
a strap passing around the main driving pulley k, k,) is communicated to the
horizontal shaft, 4, by means of the bevil gearing m, m, the shaft 2, 1, driving
the brush by means of the two bevil wheels n, n. The brush h, as it
revolves, is kept clean by means of a stationary brush o.
on to the brush h by means of the reed p. p. q. q. is another reed through
which the yarn passes to the "drying cage" r, r. This drying cage revolves
loosely upon the shaft a, a, by the tension of the yarn, and is constructed as
follows: A hollow boss at each end revolves in a steam-tight stuffing box,
through which steam is admitted, that part of the boss which revolves in
the stuffing box being perforated. From these bosses at each end of the
cage"
radiate hollow arms, which are connected by small pipes or tubes
running parallel with the axis, one end of the said tubes being screwed and
tapped into the elbow joint, and the other sliding in a small stuffing box, in
order to allow of the expansion and contraction of the same. Thus the steam
circulates through the cage, passing out through the stuffing box at the other
end. In the interior of the cage
upon the shaft 8, 8, and caused to
strap passing around the pulley u.
revolution of the fan is heated by
chest v, v. w, w, is another "cage," round which the yarn passes, and
through the "healds x, c, and reed **, on to the weaver's beam y, y. The
beam y, y, is driven by means of spur geering z, z, the motion being obtained
from the main driving shaft by means of the strap 1, and the speed being
regulated to the greatest nicety by means of the conical pulleys 2, 2. The
reeds a, a, are capable of being adjusted to the position of the beam by means
of the screws 3, 3. The length of yarn warped off on to each beam is
registered and marked by the following means:-Upon the axle of the second
cage" w, w, (see Figs. 2 and 8) a bevil pinion is keyed, giving motion by
means of bevil gearing to the horizontal shaft 4, 4. At the other end of the
shaft 4 is a worm driving a worm wheel 5, upon one end of a small traverse
shaft 6, The shaft 6 actuates the index 7 by means of a worm 8 and a worm
wheel 9. Upon the shaft 6 a dise 9 is keyed, and another disc 10 is placed
loosely. The disc 10 is weighted upon one side, and is furnished with a
concentric slot, in which a pin attached to the disc 9 works. To the boss of
the disc 10 a small lever 11 is fixed, having a roller, which at each revolution
"
•
rotary fant, is placed, being keyed
revolve at a high velocity by means of a
The current of air created by the rapid
contact with the surface of the steam

page_text: yarn
to
of the shaft 6 dips into certain colouring matter contained in the trough 12.
As soon as the pin on the disc 9 arrives at the end of the slot in the disc 10
it brings the weighted side thereof over the centre, which causes the disc 10
to make nearly half a revolution, carrying with it the lever 11, the bowl at the
end of which as it passes over the centre marks the warp. The operation of!
the machine is as follows:-As soon as the strap is passed on to the driving
pulley it is evident that the revolution of the beam y, y, will cause the
pass through the machine. The yarn from the beams b, b, first passes through
the reed e, e, and over the guide roller f,f, between the sizing or "soughing"
rollers g, g. The yarn being sized, the fibres are laid by means of the rotary
brush h. The yarn then passes through the reeds p, p, and 9, 9, to the
'drying cage" r, r, being exposed to a current of air created by the fan t, t,
and heated by the steam chest v, v. It will be observed that the yarn after
being brushed is subject only to a very small amount of abrasion or friction of
contact before it is perfectly dry, and the raising of the fibres of the yarn
caused by adhesion to the drying cylinder (when operating according to the
method hitherto in use) is entirely obviated. The yarn after passing partially
round another cage w, w, still under the influence of the heated current of
air, passes finally through the healds x, x, and reed **, on to the weaver's
beam y, Y.
We would here remark, that if at any time it is desirable to
warp double the amount of ends into one beam, the beam must be mounted
in the centre bearing 18, the position of the healds and reed being adjusted
accordingly.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention, together
with the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we would remark,
in conclusion, that we claim as our Invention the novel and peculiar method
of and machinery or apparatus for preparing warps for weaving, as herein set
forth and exhibited in the Drawings annexed, whereby we are enabled to
wind on two separate beams, and also warps of different qualities, "numbers,"
or "reeds,". at one and the same operation, in one machine, more especially
the moveable flanches to the beams, the combination and arrangement of
apparatus for drying the yarn by means of a current of heated air, and also
the apparatus for registering and marking the warp.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Andrew and Richard Markland,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twentieth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
CHARLES (L.B.) ANDREW. RICHARD (L.S.) MARKLAND.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of August, in
the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid Charles Andrew and Richard
Markland came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
5 contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord One