Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHN MOUNTGOMERY COLLINS of 45 Bartholomew Street, Glasgow in the
County of Lanark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving chenille and other
fur pile fabrics and it has for its object, by the employment of automatic apparatus,
to gain time between the periods of swinging the lathe for leading the chenille
yarn or weft across the shed of backing and catcher warps and for combing the
said yarn into position The invention also relates to apparatus for conducting
and laying the chenille yarn across the said shed and for automatically preventing
the said yarn from going into the said shed along with the backing warp and to
the arrangement of the catcher warp needles which are so situated as to give a
higher degree of angularity or inclination of the catcher warp threads relatively
with the backing warp by which arrangement the chenille yarn is not only laid
closer to the fell but a more rapid and accurate combing of it is provided for.
In carrying out the objects of this invention a shaft is provided whereon is
situated a wheel or disc having tappets or cams on its periphery the shaft being
slowly rotated from the ordinary loose belt pulley on the main or crank shaft by
bevel and worm gearing one bevel wheel being on the hub of the pulley and
geared with a wheel on one end of an upright intermediate shaft on whose opposite
end a worm screw is situated and geared with a worm wheel on the cam shaft. On
the crank shaft a friction clutch is keyed and connected with the loose belt pulley
the loom being started or stopped accordingly as the clutch is in or out of gear.
One of the tappets or cams above mentioned actuates this clutch to put the loom
in gear, by preference through the intervention of the usual "knock off" or hand
lever of the loom, between which and the tappet another lever is interposed the
end of which presses against a bevel or incline on the hand lever and moves
the said lever and with it the clutch into the position they occupy when the loom
is operating, whilst the other tappet acting upon another lever throws the hand
lever and clutch into the position they occupy when the loom is out of gear. Of
the two cams or tappets that which effects the gearing of the loom is in advance
of the other by which arrangement the loom is thrown out of gear every few turns
of the crank. In this mechanism a belt shifter may be substituted for the clutch.

page_text: To ensure that the crank shall be stopped "square," that is to say, always in one
position a brake apparatus is employed consisting of a shoe which is caused to act
on the periphery of the fly-wheel, so as to retard its motion, by a lever operated
from a notched cam on the cam shaft. In the side of the wheel's periphery two
rollers are centred and when the rotation of the wheel has been retarded another
lever is, by the action of a tappet on the cam shaft, thrown into frictional contact
with the said rollers the effect of which is to stop the rotation of the wheel and
crank shaft at the desired position.
The layer for conducting the chenille yarn across the shed and under the catcher
warps consists of a tube sliding upon front and back guide rods extending across
the loom frame and actuated by a lever from a grooved cam keyed on the same
shaft as the cam or tappet wheel before referred to. The catcher warp needles are
situated over the forward end of the layer or guide and they have a movement
independent of the catcher warp beam which may be stationary. When the layer
or guide comes to the end of its stroke it is raised at the forward part or point so
that the operator may not require to hold the fur up with the hand as usual to
prevent it going into the shed along with the backing warp this raising being
effected by placing a small cam or incline on each end of the front rod or guide
above referred to.
In producing the shed the catcher warp needles pass in the ordinary way down
through the backing warp and in rising over the dents of the reed preparatory to
the laying of the chenille or fur the needles are so inclined that the points come
upwards and forward in the direction of the fell the catcher warps thus assuming
a line approximately vertical relatively with the backing warp. This movement
may be effected by a lever placed on the same centre as the catcher warp beam and
The lever is
receiving its movement from the cam shaft before referred to.
connected to the needle bar which works in slotted guides in the framing of the
loom and on the needle bar another lever is formed or fixed which moves in a slot
parallel, for the major portion, to the slotted guide but having at the top end a
relatively inclined or curved portion in passing through which the lever or arm
moves or inclines the needle bar and needles forward or in lieu of this other
equivalent mechanism may be employed.
For the purpose of bringing the chenille pile or fur well up through the catcher
warp the breast beam has an upward movement imparted to it by carrying the
said beam on journals or pivots which are acted upon by a cam or cams on the
wyper shaft through a lever or levers as the lathe is on the forward movement and,
as the reed comes to the fell, the breast beam is allowed to go down by the said
movement so that the pile may be rubbed up through the catcher warp threads.
This Tter fourth day of September 1885

page_text: Improvements in Looms for Weaving Chenille or Fur Pile
Fabrics.
I, JOHN MOUNTGOMERY COLLINS of 45 Bartholomew Street, Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving chenille and other
fur pile fabrics and it has for its object by the employment of automatic apparatus
for starting and stopping the loom to gain time between the periods of swinging
the lathe for leading the chenille yarn or weft across the shed of backing and
catcher warps and for combing the said yarn into position. The invention also
relates to apparatus for conducting and laying the chenille yarn across the said
shed and for automatically preventing the said yarn from going into the shed
along with the backing warp and to the arrangement of the catcher warp needles
which are so situated as to give a higher degree of angularity or inclination to the
catcher warp threads relatively with the backing warp by which arrangement the
chenille yarn is not only laid closer to the fell but a more rapid and accurate
combing of it is provided for.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the improvements constituting my
invention as embodied in a power loom for weaving chenille or fur pile fabrics,
figure 1 being a back elevation, figure 2 a front elevation, figure 3 a plan, and
figures 4, 5 and 6, side elevations of the loom from which several of the well
known operative parts have been omitted.
In carrying out the objects of my invention a shaft A carried in journal bearings
in the lower part of the framework B of the loom has fitted upon it a wheel or
dise C having one or more pairs of tappets or cambs c, c¹, upon its periphery the
shaft A being slowly rotated from a loose belt pulley D on the main or crank
shaft E by bevel and worm gearing one bevel wheelf being on the hub of the
pulley D and geared with a wheel f¹ on one end of an upright intermediate
shaft F on whose opposite end a worm screw f' is situated and geared with a
worm wheel f' on the camb shaft A. On the crank shaft E a friction clutch D¹ is
keyed and connected with the loose belt pulley the loom being started or stopped
accordingly as the clutch is in or out of gear with the belt pulley. One tappet or
camb c, on the wheel C actuates the clutch D¹ to put the loom in gear by
preference through the intervention of the usual "knock-off" or hand lever
between which and the tappet another lever H is interposed the end of said
lever H or a link h and roller h' connected to it being arranged to press against
a bevel or incline g on the hand lever and move the said lever and with it the
clutch D¹, to which it is connected by a link G₁ and clutch lever G³, into the
position they occupy when the loom is operating. The other tappet c¹ acting upon
a lever I throws the hand lever G and clutch D¹ into the position they occupy
when the loom is out of gear, the lever I being for this purpose formed with an
arm i whose end presses on the knock-off lever G and throws it out of the usual

page_text: engaging notch g¹ when the tappet c¹ strikes the lever I. Of the two cambs or
tappets c, c, that which effects the gearing of the loom is only a short way in
advance of the other by which arrangement the loom remains in gear for an
interval sufficing only for a few throws of the crank and is out of gear during the
longer interval which is required to effect the laying and combing up of the
weft yarn.
To provide for throwing the cam shaft out of action and for adjusting the period
of movement of the cam for starting and stopping the loom relatively with the
other operative parts the worm shaft F is supported in a footstep F¹ which may be
moved by means of a hand lever F and link Fs to throw the worm f* out of gear
with the worm wheel f³.
To ensure that the crank shall be stopped "square," that is to say always in the
position it assumes when the lathe is fully swung back, a brake apparatus is
employed consisting of a shoe ; which is caused to act on the periphery of the fly
wheel J, so as to retard its motion, by a lever J¹ operated from a notched camb 1
on the camb shaft A. In the side of the periphery of the wheel J two pins or
rollers are fitted and when the rotation of the crank shaft has been retarded by
the action of the brake shoe on the wheel a lever J' is thrown by the action of a
tappet on the camb shaft into frictional contact with the said pins or rollers the
effect of which is to stop the rotation of the wheel and crank shaft at the desired
position.
The layer for conducting the chenille yarn across the shed and under the catcher
warp consists of a tube K, carried by a bracket piece or holder K¹ sliding upon
front and back guide rods k, k¹, extending across the loom frame and actuated by a
lever Land link L¹ from a lever L' on whose lower end is a pin or roller 7 working
in a grooved cam wheel M on the shaft A upon which is situated the camb or tappet
wheel C. When the layer K comes to the end of its stroke it is raised at the
forward part or point so that the operator may not require to hold the fur up with
the hand as usual, to prevent it going into the shed along with the backing warp,
this raising being effected by placing a small camb or bifurcated incline k³ on each
end of the front rod or guide k so that at the end of each traverse a heel piece on
the layer passes into said incline the layer K. being secured to the holder K³ by a
pivot pin to permit of the tilting movement of the layer. The catcher warp
needles N are situated over the layer or guide K and they have a movement
independent of the catcher warp beam n which is or may be stationary. In
producing the shed the catcher warp needles N pass in the ordinary way down
through the backing warp and in rising over the dents of the reed preparatory to
the laying of the chenille or fur the needles are so inclined that their points come
upwards and forward in the direction of the fell the catcher warps thus assuming a
line approximately vertical relatively with the backing warp. This movement is
effected by a lever O placed in the same centre as the catcher warp beam n and
receiving its movement through a link p, and lever P, from the comb shaft or a
tappet shaft geared thereto. The lever O is connected to the needle bar N¹ which
works in slotted guides in reciprocating frames N³ on the loom framing and
actuated by links and levers R R from tappets on the shaft A; and on the needle
bar N¹ is formed or fixed at each end a tail piece having on it a roller which
moves in a slot n² parallel for the major portion to the slotted guide but having at
the top end a relatively inclined or curved portion in passing through which the
lever arm moves or inclines the needle bar and needles forward; or in lieu of this,
other equivalent mechanism may be employed for tilting up the needles. The
object of so tilting up the needles is to permit of the point of the fur layer being
carried forward close to the fell in laying the yarn or fur so that the attendant
may more easily and rapidly comb the fur to the fell and into the proper position
to ensure accuracy in the pattern of the fabric.
For the purpose of bringing the chenille pile or fur well up through the catcher
warp the breast beam may have an upward movement imparted to it by carrying
the said beam on journals or pivots which are acted upon by a camb or cambs on

page_text: the wyper shaft through a lever or levers as the lathe is on the forward movement
and, as the reed comes to the fell, the breast beam is allowed to go down by the
said movement so that the pile may be rubbed up through the catcher warp
threads.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The combination of the several parta constituting the improved operating
mechanism of a loom for weaving chenille or fur pile fabrics substantially as
herein before described with reference to the annexed drawinga.
2. In a loom for weaving chenille or fur pile fabrics the combination of parts
constituting the improved mechanism for automatically starting and stopping the.
loom substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
3. In a loom for weaving chenille or fur pile fabrics the combination with
automatic mechanism for throwing the loom into and out of gear, of brake
apparatus substantially as described for bringing the crank shaft and lathe to rest
at the desired position.
4. The combination of parts constituting the improved yarn or fur laying
mechanism of looms for weaving chenille or fur pile fabrics substantially as herein
described with reference to the drawings.
5. In looms for weaving chenille or fur pile fabrics the arrangement in com-
bination with the yarn or fur laying apparatus of cams, inclines or equivalent
devices for tilting up the fur layer at the end of each traverse as and for the
purpose set forth.
6. In looms for weaving chenille or fur pile fabrics the combination with the
catcher warp needle bar of mechanism for imparting to it in addition to the usual
reciprocating motion a tilting movement at the termination of its up stroke as and
for the purpose set forth.
7. The combination of parts constituting the improved mechanism for operating
the catcher warp needles substantially as herein described with reference to the
drawings annexed.