IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO EVAPORATORS, AND IN 'PUMPS USED THEREWITH, OR OTHERWISE USED, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS ARE APPLICABLE TO PISTONS AND PISTON RODS GENERALLY
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Barber Hewett, of Railway Cottage, Fair-
field Road, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Inven-.
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR
STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO EVAPORATORS, AND IN
'PUMPS USED THEREWITH, OR OTHERWISE USED, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS ARE APPLICABLE TO PISTONS AND PISTON RODS GENERALLY."
Sealed the 11th June 1862, and dated the 13th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Barber Hewett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1861.
I, STEPHEN BARBER HEWETT, of Railway Cottage, Fairfield Road, Bow,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS OR GENERATORS FOR
STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO EVAPORATORS, AND IN'PUMPS
USED. THEREWITH, OR OTHERWISE USED, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS ARE
APPLICABLE TO PISTONS AND PISTON RODS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing boilers or generators for steam
engines and other uses, and evaporators, also by having a number. of cells,
tubes, or boxes, which form circles or radiate from a centre or centres (although
all the radii which may be drawn from such centre or centres be not always.

page_text: adopted and used) communicating by or from the centre or centres, (or assumed
centre or centres,) with each other, said tubes, cells, or boxes forming external
and internal or external or internal supports to such boiler, generator, or
evaporator, either of themselves or in conjunction with stays or supporting
pieces; the fire, or heated air, steam, or the water to circulate through the
same, according to the arrangements which in practice may be adopted to
meet the requirements of each case. With this boiler, as with ordinary
boilers or evaporators, pumps are used for supplying and discharging the same,
and my pumps I construct with piston rods and pistons of the character
following, namely, instead of the ordinary solid piston rod, I have a tube
external to a rod which passes through it, said rod having a screw or other
mechanism at the end of it, where it is attached to the piston, so that by
operating on the external tube or its internal rod, the screw or mechanism will
act upon the piston, so as to tighten the packing, as may be required. In the
force pump for supplying the boiler with water, I also use a suction pipe, with
a worm rose plug, to prevent choking,, the said worm rose being capable of
being withdrawn in order to clean out the pipe. And in order to work the
pumps,
I have a chain or cord, which works or is worked by a two-throw
crank, so as to get a parallel and steady motion. The condensing pump I use
in connexion with condensing plates, whereby the steam is condensed in an
efficient manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Stephen Barber Hewett in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STEPHEN
BARBER HEWETT, of Railway Cottage, Fairfield Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in-the-year-of-our-
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Stephen Barber Hewett, Her special license that I, the said
Stephen Barber Hewett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Stephen Barber Hewett, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,

page_text: .
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS OR
GENERATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO EVAPORATORS,
AND IN PUMPS USED THEREWITH, OR OTHERWISE USED, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
IN PUMPS ARE APPLICABLE TO PISTONS AND PISTON RODS GENERALLY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Stephen Barber Hewett, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said, Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately. after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stephen Barber Hewett, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in the Construction of Boilers or
Generators for Steam Engines and other Uses, applicable also to Evaporators,.
and in Pumps used therewith, or otherwise used, some of which Improve-
ments in Pumps are applicable to Pistons and Piston Rods generally," consists,
with reference to boilers, in the construction of boilers or steam generators for
steam engines and other uses, and evaporators, with a number of cells, tubes,
or boxes formed in the manner herein-after described, so as mutually to afford
strength to or stay each other, and to give strength to the whole structure of
the boiler, generator, or evaporator; also to increase the amount of heating
surface by causing the heat to pass through the cells, tubes, or boxes in the
manner herein-after described.
My Invention with reference to pumps consists, in the first place, in the
use of a piston constructed in two parts, to the upper of which is connected
a tube enclosing the ordinary piston rod, and to the lower the piston rod is
connected; both tube and rod being connected with a crosshead at the top,
so as to admit of the tube or rod being turned, and the parts of the piston
respectively connected thereto being also turned, thereby moving the inter-
mediate packing outwards and tightening the packing of the piston; the
under side of the upper plate of the piston being formed with bevilled teeth'
or cogs gearing into bevilled pinions or pawles, and ratchet wheels con-
ñected to screws and nuts, which act so as to expand the metallic or- other
packing...

page_text: Another improvement in the pistons of pumps consists in a mode of
tightening the packing in which the lower plate of the piston is connected
with a piston rod, and the upper plate with a tube concentric with and sur-
rounding the said piston rod, as before described; but instead of the tube
taking a circular motion for the purpose, of tightening the, packing, it has a
longitudinal motion (either with or without a circular motion, as preferred)
by means of suitable tightening screws and nuts at the outer ends of such
rod and tube, the outer edges of the plates of the piston being bevilled, so
that when the plates, are forced towards each other by the said screws they
force the wedge-formed packing rings outwards against the inner surface of
the cylinder.
My improvements in pumps consist, in the second place, in using a suction
pipe with. a worm rose inserted in it to prevent choking, such plug being
capable of being withdrawn in order to clean out the pipe and remove
sediment therefrom when required.
And, in the third place, my improvements in pumps consist in the
adaptation and application of a two-throw crank, with its connections, as
herein-after described.
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood, I will
describe the accompanying Drawings in which the parts above referred to are
represented.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a boiler constructed with cells, tubes, or
boxes; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the castings which are intended to act
as struts to keep the flues or boxes or heat-absorbing chambers in shape, and
also to direct the heated air, and cause it to impinge against the surfaces of
the said chambers; Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 1, but with the cells,
tubes, or boxes differently formed, as shewn also in the perspective view
Fig. 4. In these Figures a is the boiler case or jacket; b, b, the castings or
struts; c, c, cocks, which are only necessary if the boiler is to be used occa-
sionally as an evaporator; d, d, the cells, tubes, or boxes through which the
flame and heat pass, as shewn in Fig. Lee, serve-as-guides-for-the-flame;
and also as ribs or supports for the cells, tubes, or boxes; 9, 9, are moveable
balls or doors, on the removal of which the flue boxes may be cleaned by
means of water forced in from the top; h is a pipe at the bottom of the boiler
to allow of the escape of ashes or condensed water, or of the admission of air;
į represents the line of fire-bars.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a different form of boiler constructed on the
same principle of mutually supporting cells, tubes, or boxes. In this case it
will be seen that the several cells, tubes, or boxes are connected together by

page_text: bolts. or stretchers, so as to form a well-compacted structure. k.are the side
flues; 1, the end flues; im, a top plate or girder for bolting the cells, tubes, or
boxes together. Fig. 6 is a horizontal view of the boiler, and Fig: 7. is a cross,
section of the cells, tubes, or boxes.
"
I also propose to form this description of boiler with: stays, rivets, or screw
-bolts passing through the water and steam spaces, either independently of.and
without or, combined with the said system of cast struts and. girders, or the
walls of the water and. steam spaces may be rivetted.as.last, described; and the
cast-iron or other metallic or fire-brick structures, may be merely used to direct
the course of the heated gases, and cause such gases to impinge upon or
against and give out their heat to the walls or surfaces of the flues in their
passage to the chimney.
Fig. 8 is a vertical section of a well pump; Figures 9 and 10 represent the
crank motion and guide pulleys; Figures 11 and 12 shew the form of feed
pump, piston, and rod; Figures 13, 14, 15, and 16 shew the construction of
the piston rod and tube, with their connections and mechanism for tightening
the packing. In all these Figures the same letters indicate corresponding
parts.
a is the fly wheel; b, the cord or chain for giving motion to the pump rod;
c is a two-throw crank; d, d, are guide pulleys; e, e, are the standards for
supporting the mechanism; f, f, are bolts for regulating the tension of the
cords or chains b; g. is a connecting rod for the beam if required; h is à
coupling for the piston rod and tube; i is a tightening key or nut, as preferred;
k is the tube enclosing the piston rod 7, the tube being connected to the upper
plate m of the piston, and the rod to the lower plate n thereof; o, o, are
ratchet wheels fixed on the spindles p, p, with screws on their ends, which
screws work in nuts q, q, resting against the spring packing, which may be of
any kind preferred; r, r, are the bearings for the spindles and the supports for
the piston plates; each ratchet wheel o may be provided with a pawle or
catch s, to prevent it from turning backwards; t is a pin for the catch. By
this arrangement of mechanism the packing u may be forced outwards when
the top plate of the piston is turned round; or the packing may be forced
outwards by bringing the plates m and n closer together, by turning the screw
at the upper end of the rod 1, as shown in Figures 11 and 12. v, v, are keys
for the purpose of fixing the tube k and the rod l in the upper and lower plates
respectively of the piston; wis the rod connected to the worm rose y, and by
means of which the latter may be withdrawn when required; this rod works
through guides .

page_text: which it is to be carried into effect, I would have it understood that what I
claim under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the construction of steam boilers, generators, or evaporators with cells,
tubes, or boxes, in the manner and for the purposes described.
Secondly, the combination of mechanism whereby the pistons of pumps and
other pistons may have their packing expanded and tightened by turning the
piston rod, and 'thereby either turning the top plate of the piston, or forcing
the plates nearer together, as represented and described.
Thirdly, the, adaptation and application to pumps of a worm rose in the
suction pipe, as described.
And, lastly, the adaptation and application to pumps of a two-throw crank
with cords or chains and guide pulleys, as represented and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Barber Hewett, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
STEPHEN BARBER HEWETT. (LS.).
Witness,
THO. MAY,
Gas Works, Ramsgate,
Manager.