IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND ZINCOGRAPHIC PRESSES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Gardner, of the Firm of Hughes
and Kimber, of West Harding Street, Fetter Lane, in the City of
London, Lithographic Press Manufacturers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND ZINCOGRAPHIC PRESSES."
Sealed the 29th December 1863, and dated the 30th June 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Gardner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1868.
I, CHARLES HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Hughes and Kimber, of
West Harding Street, Fetter Lane, in the City of London, Lithographic
Press Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC AND ZINCOGRAPHIC PRESSES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to lithographic and zincographic presses, and has,
first, for object to propel the carriage for the first portion of its travel, i.e., to
the scraper. For this purpose I mount the lever or handle on a shaft, which
I call the lever shaft, and which carries a cam. When the lever is partially
depressed it moves the shaft partly round, and thereby causes the cam to

page_text: bring a horizontal bar against a wheel on the driving shaft, which wheel grips
or exerts friction on the bar, and so propels it; this bar has a bent end, which,
bearing against the carriage propels it to the scraper. The bar has a thin
part, and when this part comes under the wheel the bar clears it and ceases
to be moved thereby.
My next object is to throw the roller which propels the carriage into and
out of gear with the driving shaft. For this purpose the driving shaft is
made capable of being shifted to and fro longitudinally in its bearings.when
worked as herein-after described, and it has on one end a pinion loose upon
it. When the lever is fully depressed it turns the lever shaft, causing a crank
thereon to engage the hooked end of a horizontal bar, and so move it, causing
it to work a lever which pushes the shaft longitudinally, and causes it by pin
or feather, or otherwise, to engage the pinion, which being thus forced to turn
with the shaft, and being in gear with a toothed wheel on the axis of the
roller (which propels the carriage), thereby works the same. When the
carriage nearly reaches the end of its travel in this direction, it abuts against
a moveable piece, which I call a shifting stop, and drives it back; this stop
moves with it a horizontal bar, which I call a shifting bar, and which
(preferably by a pin or projection on it coming against an inclined part) lifts
the end of the first horizontal bar free of the crank pin, and releases the lever
connected therewith from the driving shaft, and allows the latter to be
restored to its previous position by a spring, and thus disconnect itself from
the pinion, which ceases to drive the roller axis.
Thirdly, in order to raise the lever handle by power instead of by hand, the
shaft carries a barrel loose on it, on which is a piece of chain or gut, or other
like flexible agent, which passes over guide pulleys, and has its other end attached
to a lever connected to a collar on the lever shaft. When the shifting bar is
driven back, as before described, to throw the shaft out of gear with the pinion,
it throws the shaft into gear with the loose barrel, one way of doing this being
by a right-angled piece on the shifting bar driving the barrel (which has a pin
or stud on it) against a pin or stud on the shaft, the barrel turning with the
shaft winds up the chain or equivalent, and so moves the lever attached to it,
and turns the lever shaft, thereby raising the handle at the end. When the
carriage commences its return travel, and releases the shifting stop, the latter
is restored to position by a spring; the stop and bar may be adjusted by set
screws to suit the various lengths of carriage or travel. In order to effect the
return travel of the carriage, a weight is attached to the carriage by a cord or
chain passing over a pulley; this weight is drawn up when the carriage is

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Henry Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th December 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Hughes and Kimber, of West Harding
Street, Fetter Lane, in the City of London, Lithographic Press Manufacturers,
send greeting.
".
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant 'unto me, the
said Charles. Henry Gardner, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Henry Gardner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Charles Henry Gardner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN. LITHOGRAPHIC AND ZINCOGRAPHIC PRESSES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Henry Gardner, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Henry Gardner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to lithographic and zincographic presses, and has first
for.object to propel the carriage for the first portion of its travel, that is to

page_text: say, to the scraper. For this purpose the shaft on which the lever or handle
is mounted carries a cam, which, when the lever is partially depressed and its
shaft thereby moved partly round, brings a horizontal bar against a wheel on
the driving shaft, which wheel grips or exerts friction on the bar, and thus
propels it, and as the bar has a bent end which bears against the carriage, the
carriage is thereby moved to the scraper; the bar has also a thin part, and
when this part comes under the wheel the bar clears the wheel and ceases to
be moved thereby.
My next object is to throw the roller into and out of gear with the driving
shaft. For this purpose the driving shaft is made capable of being shifted to
and fro longitudinally in its bearings when worked as herein-after described;
it has a pinion loose upon one end of it. When the lever is fully depressed
and turns its shaft, it causes a crank or bracket thereon to engage and move
a horizontal bar, called by me a working bar, which, when thus moved, works
a lever which pushes the driving shaft longitudinally and causes it to engage
the pinion, which being thus forced to turn with the shaft, and being in gear
with a toothed wheel on the roller axis, thereby works the roller. When the
carriage nearly reaches the end of its travel in this direction, it abuts against
a moveable piece, which I call a shifting stop, and drives it back; this stop
moves with it a horizontal bar, which I call a shifting bar. A pin or projection
on this bar lifts the end of the horizontal bar, which I call the working bar,
free of the crank or bracket, whereupon the lever allows the driving shaft to
be forced back to its previous position (by a spring), and to disengage itself
from the pinion, which thereupon ceases to drive the roller axis.
Thirdly, to raise the lever handle by power instead of by hand; the driving
shaft carries a barrel loose on it. On this barrel is a chain or piece of gut or
like flexible material, which passes over guide pulleys, and has its other end
attached to a lever or rod connected with a collar on the lever shaft, that is to
say, the cam shaft on which the handle or lever is mounted. When the
shifting bar is driven back, as before described, to throw the driving shaft out
of gear with the pinion, it throws that shaft into. gear with the barrel by
means of a right-angled piece on the shifting bar, that is to say, this piece
moves the barrel so as to bring a pin or stud thereon against a pin or stud
on the driving shaft, whereupon the barrel will turn with the shaft and wind
up the chain or its equivalent, and will thereby move the lever or rod attached
to it, turn the lever shaft (or cam shaft), and raise the handle or lever
thereon. When the carriage commences its return travel, and releases the
shifting stop, the latter is restored to its original position by a spring. The

page_text: Garaner & improvements in Lunographic and incographic Presses.
stop and bar may be adjusted by set screws to suit various lengths of carriage
or travel. The return travel of the carriage may be effected by a weight
attached to it by a cord or chain passing over a pulley; this weight is drawn
up while the carriage is being propelled by the engine, but when it is thrown
out of gear therewith the weight descends and moves the carriage to its first
position.
I now proceed to describe the Drawings which exemplify the manner of
carrying my Invention into effect.
On Sheet: 1, Figure 1, is a plan, Figure 2, longitudinal section, and
Figure 3, transverse section, of a press constructed according to my improve-
ments.
A is the framework; B, roller; C, carriage; D, lever mounted on the
shaft d. This lever shaft or cam shaft d is shewn apart in Figure 5. The
roller is raised by cams d¹ on the cam shaft or lever shaft d in the usual
manner. E is the driving shaft worked by a pulley e, driven by steam power
or otherwise; F is a wheel on the shaft E; f is a third cam on the shaft d;
G is a bar or lever passing through guide eyes in the framework A, in which
it is supported, and having a bent end G¹, which bears against the carriage C.
When the lever D is depressed, and its shaft d thereby moved partially round,
the cam flifts the inner end of the bar G and forces it against the wheel F,
which exerts friction on the bar G and draws it and the carriage with it to the
scraper, where the carriage abuts against a spring stop 'g fixed to the framing.
The bar G has its thickness reduced near its front end; and this thin part,
when the bar has brought the carriage to the scraper, comes over the wheel F
and clears it, the bar will thus be stopped; i is a pinion loose on the driving
shaft E, and in gear with a toothed wheel 6 on the axis of the roller B; is
a pin or stud fixed in the pinion i; is a similar pin or stud fixed in a hollow
boss I fast on the, shaft E. See sectional view on larger scale, Figure 4. When
these pins are in contact the pinion i will be in gear with the shaft E; the
pinion is guided and steadied by a feather on the shaft E. J is a spiral
spring on the shaft E abutting at one end against the framework A, and at the
other end against a collar ; on the shaft E. K is a jointed lever, which
abuts at one end against this collar, and its opposite end is connected with a
horizontal bar k, which I call a working bar, and which has an incline
cut on its under surface terminating in a thick part forming an abutment;
the end of the bark is notched on its under surface; is a crank or bracket
When the shaft is turned by depressing the lever, this
on the shaft d.
crank or bracket engages the notched end of the bar k, and draws the bar

page_text: forward. When the carriage has arrived at the scraper, and is to be propelled
under it, the lever D is fully depressed, and thereby raises the roller and carriage
in the well known manner; at the same time the bracket / draws the working
bar k forward; and thereby moves the end of the lever K in the direction
of the arrow y; the lever abutting against the collar j also moves the shaft E
longitudinally in its bearings in the direction of the arrow y, and forces the
pin against the pin , thereby engaging the pinion i with the shaft E and
compressing the spring J. The pinion being in gear with the wheel b, causes
the roller B to revolve and move the carriage under the scraper; the carriage
depresses and passes over the stop g, and travels up inclined guide ways A¹,
in the sides of the framing, till it abuts against an apparatus or arrangement
of stop S, s, s, which I call a shifting stop, and which consists of a plate S,
fixed (at the end of the press) by a bracket så to a bar s, which I call the
shifting bar, and which slides in guide holes in the framing A, and is fitted
with a spring s; s¹ is a pin on the bar s, lying under the bar k. When the
carriage abuts against the stop plate S, it drives it backward, and the bar s
moving therewith moves its pin s' along the incline on the bar k, lifts or
disengages the bar from the crank or bracket l, and draws the bar back, thus
moving the end of the lever K. in the direction of the arrow a, and releasing
the spring J, which will thereupon expand, and the shaft E will slide back in
the direction of the arrow a to its original position, and the pins i, 2, will be
separated, and. the pinion i set loose on the shaft, so that the roller B will be
stopped. When the carriage leaves the stop plate S, this stop and its bar s
When the lever D is
are restored to their original position by the spring s.
depressed the crank 7 again engages the bar k. M is a barrel loose on the shaft
E; m is a stud on the barrel; and o a stud on the shaft E. N is a cord or chain
fastened at one end to the barrel M, and passing over guide pulleys n to a rod
or lever P, to which it is attached; the opposite end of this rod is fastened to
a collar q on the shaft d (Figure 5); Q is a right-angled piece, clutched fork,
or lever connected with the bar s, and working on a joint or centre in the
framework A. When the bars is driven back with the stop S, and the pinion
i and shaft E are disengaged, the piece Q will move the barrel M on the shaft
E, so as to drive the stud m against the stud o, and thereby cause the barrel
to gear or turn with the shaft E and wind the chain, so that the chain will
work the rod P and collar q, and turn the shaft d in the proper direction for
raising the lever .D; t is a set screw for adjusting the stop plate S; and V, set
screw for adjusting the lever K.; W is a weight suspended by a cord w passing
over a pulley w¹, and fastened to the carriage C. While the carriage is being

page_text: propelled to and under the scraper, it draws the weight up, but when the roller
is thrown out of gear with the shaft E, the weight W descends and draws the
carriage back to its original position.
On Sheet 2, Figure 6 is a plan, Figure 7, vertical section, and Figure 8,
end view of a press, in which some of the preceding arrangements are
modified; but the parts marked A, A¹, B, b, C, D, d¹, E, e, g, K, k, J, j,
|I,-i, i¹, i³, l, S, s, s', s³, s, in these Figures are similar in construction and
action to those marked with corresponding letters in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and
need not be again described. The shaft d on this Sheet 2 is also similar to
shaft d, shewn in Sheet 1, except as herein-after explained. The arrange-
ments M, N, m,.n, o, P, Q, q, are not shewn as applied in these Figures 6,
7, 8, the lever D being herein raised by hand. In this modified arrangement,
instead of using a bar G, G³, I employ a pair of wheels or rollers r, r, on an
axis R supported in slots r¹ in the framing A, as shewn in side view, Figure 9,
and driven by a pulley, worked by a cross strap from a pulley on the driving
shaft E; e, e, are levers or arms which extend to beneath the ends of the
shaft R, and are connected with cams or brackets e¹ on the shaft d, as shewn
in detached view of this shaft, Figure 10. When the lever D is depressed
these brackets and arms e³ raise the shaft R, and bring the wheels r into
gripping contact with the carriage, which they thus propel to the scraper.
When the lever D is raised the shaft R is depressed in its bearings r', and the
carriage clears the wheels r. Also, instead of using the weight Ŵ, the
carriage in this modification is restored to position by a pair of wheels or
rollers h on the shaft E. When the lever D is raised the roller drops, and
the carriage comes into gripping contact with these wheels h, and is propelled
by them to its original position.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, the arrangement and combination of parts for propelling the carriage
to the scraper by a bar with bent end worked by a friction wheel, as described.
Second, the arrangement and combination of parts for bringing the roller
into and out of gear with the driving shaft, as described.
Third, the arrangement and combination of parts for raising the lever or
handle by power or mechanical means, as described.
Fourth, the arrangement and combination of parts forming the shifting stop
apparatus, fitted and worked as described.
Fifth, the mode of moving the carriage by wheels r, r, h, h, as represented
in Sheet 2, aud herein-before described.

page_text: Sixth, the general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
improved press represented in Sheet 1, and herein-before described.
Seventh, the general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
improved press, represented in Sheet 2, and herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Gardner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
M. HENRY,
Patent Agent,
84, Fleet Street, London.
C. H. GARDNER. (L.S.)