IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN ROASTING AND BAKING ANIMAL FOOD
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SAUNDERS, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-fifth day of February, in the fifth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William
Saunders, Her especial licence, full power,sole privilege and authority,that I,
the said William Saunders, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as
, the said William Saunders, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend my
said Invention within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my livention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
ROASTING AND BAKING ANIMAL FOOD;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
aproviso, that I, the said William Saunders, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Saunders, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed,and to the figures and letters marked thereon,

page_text: The first part of my Invention relates to the basting of meat when being
roasted by mechanical means in place of the hand basting now resorted to,
whereby the operation of basting may be more regularly and advantageously
performed than when done by hand. And this part of my Invention consists
in raising or forcing up the liquid by means of a pump or other suitable
apparatus used for raising or forcing fluids, and thus distribute the basting
liquid over the upper surfaces of the meat which is being roasted; and
although the arrangement of the apparatus used for raising or forcing up the
basting liquid may be varied, I believe it will be found that a simple pump
keptin action to pump up the liquid into a culinder or vessel placed above the
meat will be found the best arrangement for carrying out my Invention.
I will therefore proceed to describe the Drawings marked No. 1, No. 2,
and No. 3:
....
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING No. 1.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 represent a plan and elevational section of a meat
screen or hastener, with the apparatus for basting and turning the meat.
Figure 3 shows a spit to be used, if preferred to the plan of hanging the
joint; this spit is hollow, the meat resting upon the cross bar a, which affords
the facility of raising or lowering the meat as the cook may require by means
of the thumb screw b, which fastens the hollow spit upon the inside one. The
same letters in Figures 1 and 2 refer to the same things. c, c, represents the
form of the screen or hastener; d, d, the hollow tube attached to the hastener
for the weight to work in; e, e, the box containing the machinery for giving
motion to the cranked shaft f.f, which works the pump g, and also turns the
nieatby means of the two small wheels h, h; i, i, represents the frame in which
the meat is to be suspended and which may be used instead of the hollow spit.
Figure 8; j,j, shows the shape of the dripping pan with the well k, k, into
which the fat will run, and the pump is placed; is the pipe which conveys
the fat from the pump to the small circular tiu pan m, which is full of holes
so as to distribute the liquor equally over the joint; n is the cord from the
weight to the machinery in the box e, and which works over the pulley o, o,
into the tube d; p is the weight which gives the motion.
DRAWING No. 2.
.l
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent the detail of the box containing the machinery
for giving motion to the cranked shaft, and in Drawing No. 1 is marked ẻ.
This Drawing represents the box and 'wheel-work full size; it is made of either
wrought or cast iron or other metal, excepting the paul and spring'a,Figure 3,
and the division plate 6, 6, Figures 1 and 2, which is of wrought iron or brass,

page_text: for the purpose of being rivetted th rough the box at c, c, c, c. The four sides
of the box are screwed together with small screws and snugs, as shewn at
d, d, d, d, d, placed wherever they may appear most convenient; e is the
bandle for winding up the weight, which is done by the cord which istwisted
up on the shaftf; the paul and spring a, Figure 3, which is fixed upon the
first wheel g, g, allowing the shaft to turn when being wound up without
turning the machinery; this paul works into a small ratcheth on the shaftf,
the wheel g being loose upon the end of the same; the wheel g works intothe
small one 1,1; the wheel i, i, being on thesome gudgeon works intoj,j, which
is connected to the cranked shaft by means of thesquare k; the wheelsjandi
are cast with the axles, which are afterwards turned, and worked through
holes drilled in the division plate 6 and the sides of the box, of a proper size
Represents the pump and details of the same. Figure 1 is a section of the
pump and well in the dripping pan. a is the pump rod attached to the
piston 6, which has two small metal valves c, c; dis the cover to the pump, on
one side of which there is a hole e for receiving the end of the tube f which
conveys the liquor to the meat; this is merely a plain round hole, the weight
of the tube keeping it tight; g is the bottom of the pump, on which is another
small metal valve h; i is the suction pipe, with holes near the bottom; jis the
connecting rod which is attached to the cranked shaft, Figure 2, and gives
motion to the pump; this connecting rod is made with the joint at the top, as
shewn at k, Figure 3, so that the pump can be stopped at any time by merely
taking out the small pin and opening the joint; the valves are all round.
Figure 4 represents a plan of the bottom of the pump g, with four projecting
ears m, m, m, m, which are twisted under four similar pieces in the well of the
dripping pan, and prevent the pump from rising. Figure 5 shews a section
of the cross bar which carries the spit, with a small piece of steel n at the
bottom, so that the spit may turn with the least possible friction; this bargoes
across the dripping pan and drops upon two rings at the side of the screen or
hästener, as shewn in Figure 1, Drawing No. 1; Figure 5 also shews the
bevil wheels for turning the meat, and the mode of supporting the cranked
shaft; o is a plan of the part where the spit and shaft work.
Having thus described the first part of my Invention I would have it under-
stood that what I claim is, the mode of basting meat by causing the basting to
bé raised'or forced by mechanical means so as to be distributed over the meat
when roasting.

page_text: Wow describe the second part or my invention.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING, No. 4.
Figures 1 and 2 represent a plan and section of a kitchen range for the
centre of the room. a, Figures 1 and 2, is the fire-place, which is placed in
the centre so that the heat may be received from all four sides; and b, b, b, b,
shew the four dripping pans in the plan, Figure 2; "b," "b," Figure 1,
shewing one dripping pan drawn from its place, and the other as placed when
ready for roasting; the detail of the dripping pan and pump for raising the fat
is explained in detail in Drawings Nos. 1, 2, and 3; c is the upright spit
which may either be used, or the open support for meat as shown at i, i, in
Drawing 1; dis a smoke jack in the flue or chimney, which works round with
the spindle e, and on which are two small pinions f and g, giving motion to
the four wheels for driving the four spits and fat pumps, two from the pinionf,
and two from the pinion g; those driven from 9 are shewn in the section, the
others stand crossways, and are not shewn; h is a ring passing round to
support the four wheels, and with a cross bar for carrying the revolving point
of the smoke jack; it is supported by the brackets i, i; j,j, are the jaws for
receiving the top of the spit, which are released by drawing out the pin when
the cook draws back the dripping for taking up the joint; k is a hot water
cistern; 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, are hot stoves or oven, either open to the fire or not, as
may be required, and either with or without external doors; the position is
shewn in the plan, and the number in the elevation, but this of course may be
varied.
What I claim as the second part of my Invention is, the mode of con-
structing a range for the centre of the kitchen, so as to make use of every
side of the fire for roasting instead of only one, applying the superfluous heat
to various ovens.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which is shewn in
Drawings No. 5 and No. 6. Figure 1, cooking range; Figure 2, perspective
view of same, with oven doors and front plates removed to shew the arrange-
ment of flues; the same letters having reference to each Figure No. 1 and 2:
A, an oven suitable for baking or roasting B, an ell or back boiler C, a
check, which can be moved to the right or left by means of the winch D,
which turns a pinion, working in the rack E, and by this means increases or
diminishes the space for the fire; F and G represent two other ovens with a
hot hearth H above all heated by the flues, as shewn by the arrows, which
indicate the direction of the smoke and heated air. By the general arrange-
nent it will be seen that the fire-place projects forwards for the purpose of

page_text: enabling the cook more conveniently to approach the hot hearth F on either
side without being exposed to the heat from the fire, and also enabling the
cook to have a boiler of much larger dimensions than usual, thereby facilitating
the method of cooking by steam; the plate I will slide either to the right hand
or left, or backwards when the fire requires replenishing, as may be desired.
The grate J at the back of the fire-place is for the purpose of passing heated
air under the boilers and ovens F to G; the direction of the flues for this
purpose are shewn by the arrows a, a, a, a. It will be evident that the sides
of the fire may be used for roasting or other purposes, as described in another
part of this Specification, by removing the plate Kand substituting bars similar
to those shewn in front of the fire-place, or on the other side by taking away
the check C, and front part of the boiler B',and using bars as before described.
Figures 3 and 4 represent another arrangement for a cooking range, in which
it will be perceived that the whole opening is occupied for cooking purposes.
Figure 3 represents an elevation of the same, and Figure 4 an arrangement of
the flues with the front plate and oven doors removed for that purpose. The
arrows indicate the direction of the air and smoke which passes through the
flue, over the fire and the grates at the back and side.
What I claim as the third part of my Invention is, the fire projecting into
the room, and the general arrangement shewn by Figures 1 and 2.
Fourthly, I claim the filling of the space above the hot hearths A and B,
Figure 3, with ovens, and the general arrangement set forth in Figures 3
and 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Saunders, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.