A METHOD OF REDUCING AND EXTRACTING LEAD AND OTHER METALS FROM A COMPOUND SUBSTANCE, COMMONLY KNOWN BY THE NAME OF REGULUS OR REGULE, AND THEN AND AT PRESENT OBTAINED AS THE RESIDUE OR REFUSE OF CERTAIN ORES AT THE LEAD FURNACES, AND ALSO OBTAINED IN OTHER WORKS OR MANUFACTORIES, WHICH SAID REGULUS APPEARED TO CONSIST CHIEFLY OF THE OXHIDES OP LEAD AND ARSINIC, AND ALSO FROM ORES OR NATIVE MINERALS OF NEARLY THE SAME COMPOSITION
Year: 1803

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY CLAYFIELD, of the City of Bristol, Wine Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under His Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Tenth day of February, in the forty-third year of His reign,
did grant unto me, the said William Henry Clayfield, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, His Majesty's special licence, full power, sole priviledge and
authority, that I, the said William Henry Clayfield, my exors, adñors, and
assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or by mine and their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I, the said William
Henry Clayfield, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, my Invention of "A METHOD OF REDUCING AND EXTRACTING LEAD AND OTHER
METALS FROM A COMPOUND SUBSTANCE, COMMONLY KNOWN BY THE NAME OF REGULUS
OR REGULE, AND THEN AND AT PRESENT OBTAINED AS THE RESIDUE OR REFUSE OF
CERTAIN ORES AT THE LEAD FURNACES, AND ALSO OBTAINED IN OTHER WORKS OR
MANUFACTORIES, WHICH SAID REGULUS APPEARED TO CONSIST CHIEFLY OF THE OXHIDES
OP LEAD AND ARSINIC, AND ALSO FROM ORES OR NATIVE MINERALS OF NEARLY THE
SAME COMPOSITION," within that part of His Majesty's United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Colonies and Plantations abroad, in

page_text: such manner as to me, the said William Henry Clayfield, my exors, adñors,
and assigns, or any of them, should in their discretion seem meet, and that I,
the said William Henry Clayfield, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should and
lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, -benefit, commodity, and
advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason
of the said Invention, for and during the term of years therein mentioned; to
have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, priviledges, and advan-
tages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted unto me; the said
William Henry Clayfield, my exors, admors, and assigns, for and during and
unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date thereof next imme-
diately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, according to the Statute in
that case made and provided; in which said recited Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that if I, tho said William Henry Clayfield, should not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the date
thereof, that then the said recited Letters Patent, and all. liberties and advan-
tages, whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease,. determine, and become
void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary. thereof in anywise
notwithstanding, as in and by the said recited Letters Patent, referrence being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I,the. said
William Henry Clayfield, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described
in manner following (that is to say) :-
Instead of the ordinary treatment to which the ores of lead are most.com-
monly subjected (that is to say), roasting at a low red heat, with or without
the addition of lime and coal, and subsequent fusion by a stronger heat, followed
by drying-up with lime and coal and a succeeding. fusion) I adopt the follow-
ing process: I:cover the bottom of the furnace with a considerably.greater
proportion of lime than would be required for lead ores, and, upon the said
lime I dispose the regulus, and immediately proceed to fusion by a strong heat!
It is not absolutely necessary to use lime in this first fusion; though it is mast
advantageous so to do. To the fused mass I then add a much larger proportion
of coal and of lime than is commonly used in drying upor checking the fusion of
lead ore. By the last-mentioned addition a considerable quantity of the lead is
seperated in the metallic state, and runs to the bottom of the furnace; whero.it
is to be immediately tapped out, and any portion of the fused. rogulus which
may have passed along with it is to be taken up and returned into the furnace.

page_text: I then add more coal and lime, and rake up the remainder of the charge
towards the flame, in order by a strong heat to seperate still more of the lead;
and I repeat this process of adding lime and coal, and raking up-during the
remainder: of ten or twelve hours, reckoned from the commencement of the
whole operation, at the end of which period of. time the mass will be found-in
a state much less capable of fusion than before.. I then rake out, this residue
and expose the same, to a still stronger heat in a furnace of any other con-
struction, in order to extract the remainder of the lead and other metals by the
addition of combustible and other substances, according to the well-known
practices of chemists. Or, otherwise, in case the furnace first used be capable
of raising and supporting a sufficient. degree of heat, then the entire course of
operation or treatment of the regulus, from the first to the last part thereof,
may be conducted and performed in the said last-mentioned furnace. And I
do further declare, that in the cases where coal is herein-before directed to bo
used, the effect of reducing the metal may be produced by various other well-
known combustible substances in like manner as by pit coal, which is there
meant and preferred for its cheapness and other well-known properties. And
further, that in some cases, such as the treatment of ores similar in their
nature to the said regulus, it will be found adviseable to add a portion of coal
in the first fusion; but that this variation and other slight changes in my said
method, as herein-before described (with regard to the quantities of materials
and to the time of continuing the several operations, and to the management of
the fire, and to various other matters and things), do not need to be pointed
out and explained, because the same may and will be carried into effect
without further instruction by any person of competent skill to be trusted with
the management of a work of this nature.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Clayfield, have hereunto
subscribed and set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of March, in the
forty-third year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third,
by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and three.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1803, the aforesaid William Henry Clayfield came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fifth day of March; in the year of our Lord One thousand