IMPROVE- MENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Geoffrey Cochrane, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 3rd May 1878, and dated the 23rd November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Geoffrey Cochrane
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1877.
JAMES GEOFFREY COCHRANE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to machinery for screwing bolts, studs, and other articles
by simple machinery in an expeditious manner, and consists in improved com-
binations and arrangements of mechanism, namely, there is a hollow spindle with
a head upon it at one end; this spindle is placed in bearings in a suitable headstock,
which may also form part of the bed of the machine. This spindle is or may be
rotated continuously by a belt working upon suitable cone or speed pulleys on the
back end of the hollow spindle; or it may be arranged to be driven from a shaft by
gearing, several screwing machines being placed upon the same bed, and driven by
the same shaft; or it may be driven by manual power by a handle secured directly
upon the spindle, or with suitable gearing between the handle and the hollow
spindle, according to the size of the machine and the power required.
The "head" of the hollow spindle has radiating grooves in its face for slides
upon which the screwing dies are secured or held, these slides being placed in
relation to a radial line at a most suitable angle for cutting. These slides have
each a recess in them to receive and hold one die, which are short in length, and
pass through a slot in the head of a bolt, which passes through each slide to receive
it firmly, which bolts have nuts at the back of the "head" upon the hollow spindle,
there being suitable slots in the head to allow a screw key to be inserted to screw
the bolts tight. These dies are plain short pieces of steel, and when the bolts are
slackened they can be taken out and replaced from the hollow centre of the head
without removing any part of the machine. The outer ends of the slides for the
[Price 6d1

page_text: dies are shaped to fit screw inclines formed in or on a ring, which is fitted to
rotate, or partly rotate, upon or round the head of the spindle, and this screw ring is
kept in its position on the head of the hollow spindle by two ring plates, one at the
back and the other at the front of the head on the hollow spindle, which ring plates
arc secured thereto by screws.
In the screw ring there are concentric recesses formed for a helical spring, which
is placed in the recess, so that one end of it will abut against a part upon the
screwing, and the other end will abut against a part which enters the said recess,
but which part is secured in or on the back ring plate before mentioned. This back
ring plate is secured by screws to the head of the spindle, as before mentioned, and
these screws pass through concentric slots in the ring plate, which thus admits of it
being adjusted round the spindle head to give more or less compression to the said
helical spring.
In or upon the back-ring plate there is a ratchet-like pawl jointed with a spring
to cause it to press outward circumferentially, so as to rest against a concentric
surface, having a tooth or step upon it formed upon the screw ring, and when the
said screw ring is partially turned, or when it is held from turning with, or is re-
tarded from rotation with the hollow spindle, this will cause the helical spring to be
compressed, and the pawl will then catch upon the tooth or step before mentioned
formed in the screw ring, and hold it against the re-action of the helical spring.
When the spring is so held by the pawl, the dies are all forced inwards to the
extent required for screwing, and when this pawl is released the spring is allowed to
partly rotate the screw ring, and thus suddenly withdraw the dies, and thus release.
the bolt or article being screwed. This alternate moving to and fro of the screw
ring is effected while the hollow spindle is being rotated by a lever handle having
its axis on a shaft in bearings on the bed, which shaft has a two-armed part upon
it, one arm of which will act as a brake upon the screw ring, and retard its motion
when the handle is moved one way, and the other arm will act upon a projection
from the axis of the trigger or pawl when the handle is moved in the opposite direction.
The said trigger is or may be connected with a ring made to rotate or partly rotate
on a ledge on the back ring plate, and the arm or surface actuated by the said lever
handle is or may be made to retard this ring, so as to release the trigger if desired.
The lever handle is or may be weighted, so as to fall by gravity into that
position to release the trigger, and it is or may be held from falling by a latching
lever, and is or may be released self-acting, when the article has been sufficiently
screwed by a rod, which is adjustable in the carriage in which the article is held
while being screwed, the end of this rod striking against the said latching lever
when the slide has travelled to the required point, and this releases the catch, and
thus allows the lever handle to fall and the trigger to be withdrawn. In place of
the helical spring, a toothed pinion may be used, with its axis upon the back ring
plate, and this pinion is or may be made to gear with teeth on the screw ring, and
on a ring similar to that above referred to in. connection with the trigger.
The arrangement and construction of the vice for holding the article being
screwed, which is applicable to other screwing machines, as well as to my improved
machine above described, is formed as follows:-The bed of the machine is made
with square edges to receive a slide, or it is made to receive two longitudinal guide
rods for the slide, and in this slide there are bearings formed for two rods, which
extend from side to side of the slide, the ends of the rods passing into holes in the
slide, so as to slide therein. This slide carries the bearing of a right and left
handed screw shaft, upon which two jaws arc screwed, the said rods passing through
holes in the lower parts of these jaws, one rod being secured to one jaw, and the
other rod to the other jaw; thus arranged, the jaws move, and are kept parallel as
the lateral strain is thrown upon the cross rods, and by them upon the slide.
The back part of the slide has a lever handle jointed to it, to the lower arm of
which a ratchet pawl is jointed that will rest upon a rátchet-toothed rack formed
in, or upon, or secured to the bed. The moving of the lever handle to and fro wil
cause the slide to advance, and when the handle is released it will descend by its

page_text: own weight, and cause a projecting tail from the pawl to come against a part of
the slide, and lift the other end of the pawl from the ratchet teeth.
My Invention further consists in making the bed of the screwing machine hollow
or dished to catch the lubricant employed in screwing, and in arranging and using
a screw in a casing rotated by an endless band from the spindle to draw the
lubricant from the dish or hollow bed, and force it along a pipe to lubricate; the
screw being cut, and the bearings of the spindle, if desired.
My Invention further consists in applying screwing mechanism similar to that
upon the head of the hollow spindle herein-before described, fixed upon a slide
carriage for screw-cutting or chasing articles rotated between centres or by a head-
stock. The screw ring would in this case be rotated, or partly rotated, by hand,
and the trigger would or might be released, self-acting, by slides or levers on the
carriage when coming in contact with adjustable stops on the bed of the lathe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Geoffrey Cochrane in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th May 1878.
JAMES GEOFFREY COCHRANE, in the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to machinery for screwing bolts, studs, and other articles by
simple machinery in an expeditious manner, and consists in improved combinations
and arrangements of mechanism, namely, there is a hollow spindle with a head upon
it at one end, this spindle is placed in bearings in a suitable beadstock, which may
also form part of the bed of the machine. This spindle is, or may be rotated con-
tinuously by a belt working upon suitable cone or speed pulleys on the back end of
the hollow spindle, or it may be arranged to be driven from a shaft by gearing;
several screwing machines being placed upon the same bed, and driven by the same
shaft, or it may be driven by manual power by a handle secured directly upon the
spindle, or with suitable gearing between the handle and the hollow spindle, accord-
ing to the size of the machine and the power required.
The "head" of the hollow spindle has radiating grooves in its face for slides upon
which the screwing dies are secured or held, these slides being placed in relation to
a radial line at the most suitable angle for cutting. These slides have each a recess
in them to receive and hold one die, which are short in length, and pass through a
slot in the head of a bolt, which passes through each slide to secure it firmly, which
bolts have nuts at the back of the " head," upon the hollow spindle, there being
suitable slots in the head to allow a screw key to be inserted to screw the bolts
tight. These dies are plain short pieces of steel, and when the bolts are slackened
they can be taken out and replaced from the hollow centre of the head without
removing any part of the machine. The outer ends of the slides for the dies are
shaped to fit screw inclines formed in or on a ring which is fitted to rotate or partly
rotate upon or round the head of the spindle, and this screw ring is kept in its

page_text: position on the head of the hollow spindle by two ring plates, one at the back, and
the other at the front of the head on the hollow spindle, which ring plates are
secured thereto by screws.
In the screw ring there are concentric recesses formed for a helical spring which
is placed in the recess, so that one end of it will abut against a part upon the screw
ring, and the other end will abut against a part which enters the said recess, but
which part is secured in or on the back ring plate before mentioned. This back ring
plate is secured by screws to the head of the spindle, as before mentioned, and these
screws pass through concentric slots in the ring plate, which thus admits of it being
adjusted round the spindle head, to give more or less compression to the said helical
spring, and also adjust the pawl stop hereafter described.
In or upon the back ring plate, there is a ratchet-like pawl jointed with a
spring to cause it to press outward circumferentially, so as to rest against a
concentric surface having a tooth or step upon it formed upon the screw ring,
and when the said screw ring is partially turned, or when it is held from
turning with or is retarded from rotation with the hollow spindle, this will
cause the helical spring to be compressed, and the pawl will then catch upon
the tooth or step before-mentioned formed in the screw ring, and hold it against the
reaction of the helical spring.
When the spring is so held by the pawl the dies are all forced inwards to the
extent required for screwing, and when this pawl is released, the spring is allowed
to partly rotate the screw ring, and thus suddenly withdraw the dies, and thus release
the bolt or article being screwed. This alternate moving to and fro of the screw
ring is effected while the hollow spindle is being rotated by a lever handle having
its axis on a shaft in bearings on the bed, which shaft has a two-armed part upon
it, one arm of which will act as a brake upon the screw ring and retard its motion
when the handle is moved one way, and the other arm will act upon a projection
from the axis of the trigger or pawl when the handle is moved in the opposite
direction. The said trigger is or may be connected with a ring made to rotate or
partly rotate on a ledge on the back ring plate, and the arm or surface actuated by
the said lever handle is or may be made to retard this ring so as to release the
trigger if desired.
The lever handle is or may be weighted so as to fall by gravity into that position
to release the trigger, and it is or may be held from falling by a latching lever, and
is or may be released, self-acting, when the article has been sufficiently screwed by a
rod which is adjustable in the carriage in which the article is held while being
screwed, the end of this rod striking against the said latching lever when the slide
has travelled to the required point, and this releases the catch, and thus allows the
lever handle to fall and the trigger to be withdrawn. In place of the helical spring
a toothed pinion may be used with its axis upon the back ring plate, and this pinion
is or may be made to gear with teeth on the screw ring and on a ring similar to
that above referred to in connection with the trigger.
The arrangement and construction of the vice for holding the article being screwed,
which is applicable to other screwing machines, as well as to my improved machine
above described, is formed as follows:-The bed of the machine is made with square
edges to receive a slide, or it is made to receive two longitudinal guide rods for the
slide, and in this slide there are bearings formed for two rods which extend from
side to side of the slide, the ends of the rods passing into holes in the slide, so as to
slide therein. This slide carries the bearing of a right and left handed screw shaft
upon which two jaws are screwed, the said rods passing through holes in the lower
parts of these jaws, one rod being secured to one jaw, and the other rod to the other
jaw; thus arranged the jaws move and are kept parallel as the lateral strain is
thrown upon the cross rods and by them upon the slide.
The back part of the slide has a lever handle jointed to it, to the lower arm of
which a ratchet pawl is jointed that will rest upon a ratchet-toothed rack formed in,
or upon, or secured to the bed.
The moving of the lever handle to and fro will

page_text: cause the slide to advance, and when the handle is released, it will descend by its
own weight, and cause a projecting tail from the pawl to come against a part of the
slide, and lift the other end of the pawl from the ratchet teeth.
My Invention further consists in making the bed of the screwing machine hollow
or dished to catch the lubricant employed in screwing and in arranging and using a
screw in a casing rotated by an endless band from the spindle to draw the lubricant
from the dish or hollow bed, and force it along a pipe to lubricate the screw being
cut, and the bearings of the spindle, if desired.
My Invention further consists in applying screwing mechanism similar to that
upon the bead of the hollow spindle berein-before described, fixed upon a slide
carriage for screw-cutting or chasing articles rotated between centres or by a head-
stock. The screw ring would in this case be rotated or partly rotated by hand if is
spring or weight is used for opening the dies, the catch or trigger is or may be
released, self-acting, by slides or levers on the carriage, when coming in contact with
adjustable stops on the bed of the lathe.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a plan, Fig. 3 a cross section, and Fig. 4 an
end view, illustrating one modification of my Invention for screwing; and Figs. 5,
6, 7, and 8 are detached views, showing the head of the spindle and its connected
mechanism. Fig. 5 is a back view; Figs. 6 and 7, sections through the head and
moveable screw ring, Fig. 5 being a section through the back, and Fig. 6 a section
through the front part of the head; and.Fig. 8 is a front view of the head.
a is the bed, to which the headstock b is cast or attached to carry the hollow
spindle c, as shown, on the outer end of which a cone pulley d is keyed (not shown
in Fig. 4). The face of the head c' of the spindle is made with three grooves at
the angle, shown in Fig. 7, and in each of these grooves a slide e is fitted, which
are kept in their places by a front plate f, secured to the head by screws fl, as
shown. In each slide (e) there is a hole for the head of a bolt g, which has a nut
upon it that comes to the back of the head, where space is formed for a screw key
to screw up the bolt and secure the die h in the slide (e). These dies (h) are formed
as shown, and have the cutting thread upon their inner ends, and they each pass at
the angle shown in Fig. 7 into a slot in their respective slides (e), and through a
slot in the head of the bolt g, and by slackening the nut they can be taken out and
replaced from the centre without removing the front plate f. The outer ends of the
slides e are made with a projection e' from the flat side, which fits a segmental cam
or screw groove in a ring i, which can partly rotate on the head c¹, as shown in
Figs. 1 and 7, this ring i being held in its place upon the head by the front ring
plate f, and a back ring j, attached to the head by screws j¹ which pass through slots
in this ring plate, as shown in Fig. 5, to permit of adjustment. The movement of
the screw ring i to and fro on the head causes the slides (e) to be pushed in by the
screw inclines acting upon the ends of the slides, and withdrawn by causing the
screw groove to act upon the side projections e¹ on the slides, which slides thus
present a large surface to resist wear and tear. Within an annular hollow formed
in the screw ring i a helical spring is placed, as shown, and is retained by the
back ring plate j. This helical spring abuts at one end against the ring i, and at
the other end against a stud or projection c² from the head c', so that when the
helical spring is allowed to extend it pushes the screw ring i so as to make it rotate
partly round the head. In the back ring plate j there is a bearing formed for a
short shaft, the inner end of which has a pawl 3 fixed or formed upon it, which is
free to nove in the annular hollow in the ring i, which hollow has a step in it, as
shown in Fig. 6, upon which the pawl will catch when the ring i is moved
sufficiently far back upon the head c, this pawl being pressed outwards to cause it
to catch upon the step by a spring *, secured to the back ring plate, as shown in
Fig. 5, which acts upon an arm or trigger jo, upon the outer end of the short shaft,
as shown in Fig. 5. In the bed a there are bearings formed for a shaft k, upon the
outer end of which there is a hand lever ', that may be placed in any convenient
position, and on this shaft a casting is fixed of the form shown in Figs. I and 4,
and partly in Fig. 5. When the shaft k is moved by the handle k¹ one way one

page_text: part of the casting comes against the cylindrical surface of the screw ring i, and
acts as a brake upon it when the spindle c is rotated, so that the head c' moves in
the screw ring i, and the helical spring i¹ is compressed, and the pawl 3 catches
upon the step, as shown in Fig. 6, the slides e by this movement being closed or
brought towards the centre to the cutting position; but when the handle k¹ is
moved in the opposite direction, as it is when the bolt is screwed, the other part ³
of the casting comes in the way of the trigger 15 as the head rotates, and forces it
inwards to release the pawl from the step, when the helical spring moves the
ring on the head of the spindle, and opens or withdraws the slides e. In the
front of the head there is an index, by means of which and a mark or pointer on
the front ring plate f the extent of movement in the dies may be fixed upon for
each diameter to be screwed, the back plate j being adjusted to bring the pawl
stop j³ to the required position.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the bed a is formed to receive a slide l, as shown, and this
slide has projections on its under side to receive the ends of two slide bars and 1³,
which bars pass through holes in the lower parts of two jaws 3 and 4, and one jaw
(73) is secured by a screw to one bar, and the other jaw to the other bar 12.
Upon the slide there is a bearing for a shaft 15, which can be rotated by a handle.
This shaft has a right and left handed screw upon it, and the right-handed screw
screws into a nut or thread in one jaw, and the left-handed thread into a nut or
thread in the other jaw; a front view of these jaws is shown by Fig. 9. In each
jaw there is a recess for a square block , which turns on a centre pin that fits into
a hole in the jaw. These block have a different sized V on each side to suit
different sizes of bolts or other articles, to be held by the vice while being screwed,
and these blocks can be turned to the side required by taking the pins out of the
holes in the jaws. These V blocks are brought by the jaws to grasp the bolt or
article by rotating the right and left handed screw 5. At the back end of the slide
there are bearings for a shaft 7, which forms the fulcrum of a lever handle 18 with
two arms, between which a pawl 1 is jointed, the end of which rests on ratchet
teeth in a rack a¹, formed upon or attached to the bed a. By moving the lever
handle one way the slide is pushed forward, by moving it the other way a
projection (✗) from the pawl will come against the slide l, and this will cause
the other end of the pawl to be lifted clear of the teeth on the bed, the weight of
the lever handle 8 when in this position keeping the pawl clear of the teeth, so
that the slide can be readily withdrawn.
Fig. 10 shows another modification of vice arrangement, which moves in this case
on two slide bars ax, secured to the bed a, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, and with
this exception, the arrangement shown by Fig. 10 is similar to that shown by Figs.
1, 2, 3, and 9. By removing the dies h, a bush ex is or may be placed and held by
the slides to receive the end of a screw tap m, as shown in Fig. 11, the nut to be
tapped being held by the vice, as shown.
Fig. 12 is a side elevation, showing the manner of constructing my improved
machines, while the bed a is formed hollow to receive the lubricant, which hollow
is made to communicate with a barrel in the bed, having bearings for a shaft,
having a screw upon it which propels the lubricant from the barrel to a
pipe n, so as to be discharged upon the cutting dies, or taken to lubricate
other parts of the machine. The screw shaft is driven by an endless band working
in a groove on the cone pulley, and upon a pulley upon the end of the screw shaft.
In Figs. 12 and 13 is illustrated the mode of releasing the trigger j³, by self-acting
means, when the bolt or article has been screwed sufficiently. The handle is
arranged by a weight, or the weight of the casting ² and les is such as to cause the
handle to fall into the position to come in the way of the trigger when not held up
by a catch p, having its fulcrum on a stud on the bed. On the slide there is
a bearing for an adjustable slide bar l*, which is secured when adjusted to the slide
by a screw, as shown. When the slide has advanced near enough, the end of the
rod * strikes against the catch p, and releases the handle k¹, and this causes the
dies to be withdrawn or opened.

page_text: If desired there may be a rope attached to the slide (1) passing over a pulley on
the bed, the end of the rope having a weight attached sufficient to pull back the
slide, and there may be an adjustable stop to prevent the slide from being brought
back too far.
Fig. 13 is a longitudinal side view, illustrating my arrangement of screwing
machines, when a number of them are to be placed side by side on a bed or
gantry (A), all driven by the same longitudinal shaft q, and bevel and spur gearing
as shown, thus dispensing with top driving apparatus for each machine. The
machine illustrated has the self-acting releasing arrangement described in reference
to Fig. 12, and this motion, if desired, may act to release clutch gear to stop the
rotation of the machine, when the required length has been screwed, or when the
sliding vice has approached sufficiently near the screwing head.
If desired the sliding vice may be arranged to release the bolt, being screwed from
the dies, self-acting, and the slide may then be brought back by a weight rope and
pulley, as herein-before described; and when the sliding vice has been nearly drawn
back to its full extent, it may be arranged so that a stud in the side of the vice
slide will come against a projection adjustable on a rod which is jointed to an arm
from the lower side of the shaft k, so as to cause this shaft to lift the brake surface ³
against the ring i, and thus bring the dies again into the cutting position for the
next article. The hook catch p will have passed over the projection from the
shaft k, so that when the slide is moved forward, the lever ki will be held up by
the catch p.
Instead of only having one bed or gantry (A), there may be two, or a double one,
with a longitudinal shaft (9) between them, so that the screwing heads may be
placed on each gantry, end to end, opposite sides of the shaft q, which will thus be
fenced off from the attendants.
The lubrication may be supplied as described in reference to Fig. 12, or a series
of machines may be supplied by pipes with lubricant from a tank placed above
them, the lubricant being collected in a dish or dishes, or in a hollow formed
in the bed, or gantry or gantries, and pumped from thence back to the tank or cistern.
Fig. 14 shows a side elevation of my improved screwing mechanism, modified
and adapted, so as to be suitable for screwing gas and water pipes, and for
other work, and being made light and portable can be carried from place to place.
It is intended more especially to be rotated by manual power, though it
may be be driven by steam or other power, and as the hollow spindle is not
intended to rotate continually, the arrangements for opening and closing the
dies while the machine is in motion are dispersed with, and the ring i (corres-
ponding to the ring i, Figs. 1 and 2) is moved too and fro to open and close
the dies by a "tommy" (1) inserted in one of the holes provided in the ring i, for
the purpose when the dies h are to be opened or closed. The hollow spindle c
is driven by a crank on a shaft s in a bracket from the bed, which shaft
has a pinion upon it in gear with a spur wheel on the end of the hollow shaft,
as shown.
In the headstock of the machine two slide bars a* are secured, as shown, upon
which the vice slides, and there is a lever t on a stud in the headstock,
to one arm of which a rod t is jointed, the other end of which can pass freely
through an eye from the slide of the valve, as shown. The end of this rod t¹ is
screwed for an adjustable nut, so that the sliding vice can be moved by the hand
lever t.
Instead of a stud there may be a shaft 2 in the headstock, having two arms upon
it, and two rods t¹, one on each side. The vice may be worked by a treadle
acting upon the lever handle t, if desired; u is a dish placed on the bench to catch
the lubricant and cuttings.
Fig. 15 illustrates the application of a modification of my improved mechanism
to a lathe for chasing purposes; a represents part of the bed of a lathe; w, part of
the fast, and x, part of the loose headstock; y, the saddle, upon which a bracket or
headstock * is secured, which carries a ring i (corresponding to the ring i, Figs. 1

page_text: and 2, but in this case it is always stationary). The part c¹ corresponds to the
head of and part of the hollow spindle c, in Figs. 1 and 2; but it does not rotate,
but is only oscillated by a lever or "tommy" to open and close the dies ; the
dies h, slides e, and bolts g, for securing the dies, and the plates ƒ and j are
arranged as described in reference to Figs.
and 2.
I have now particularly described the nature of my said Invention, and the mode
of carrying it into effect, and claim as my Invention,―
Firstly. The combination of screwing dies (h) with holders (g) and slides (e), sub-
stantially as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement and combination of mechanism, by which the
dies (h) may be opened and closed, while the rotary motion of the screwing
head (c) continues, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination of self-acting mechanism, by which the mechanism for
opening the dies, while the spindle or head is in motion, is brought into action when
a given movement of the vice has taken place, substantially as herein-before described,
and illustrated by the Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination and arrangement of vice on slide rods (1 and 2) and
the arranging of the vice to slide on rods or tubes (ax), as herein-before described,
and illustrated by the Drawings.
Fifthly. The combination and arrangement of screwing mechanism, as herein-before
described, and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 9, inclusive.
Sixthly. The combination of screwing machines on a gantry or on gantries, as
herein-before described, and illustrated by Fig. 13 of the Drawings.
Seventhly. The combination, arrangement, and construction of screwing machines,
as herein-before described, and illustrated by Fig. 14 of the Drawings.
Eighthly. The combination of mechanism for chasing, as herein-before described,
and illustrated by Fig. 15 of the Drawings.
Ninthly. The mode of propelling lubricant by a screw or vortex wheel to supply
screwing machines, and the combination and arrangement of such screwing machines,
as herein-before described, and illustrated by Fig. 12.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Geoffrey Cochrane, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
J. G. COCHRANE. (L.S.)