IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BAR IRON, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR ROLLING THE SAME INTO VARIOUS FORMS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Willian Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BAR IRON, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR ROLLING THE SAME INTO VARIOUS
FORMS, A communication from abroad by James Montgomery, of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th July 1869.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare thé
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, OF
BAR IRON, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR ROLLING THE SAME INTO VARIOUS FORMS,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to an improved method of manufacturing
.bar iron suitable for horse-shoes and other purposos, and drawing the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: same into bars, and moulding, notching, and creasing such bars so as to
form thereof a connected series of horse-shoe blanks by passing the
same between rollers.
In preparing the material for drawing down into bar iron the upper
or inner side of the bar is composed of any good quality of homogeneous
wrought iron of sufficient thickness to give the required strength to
the bar and to admit of punching the holes for the reception of the
nails which secures the shoe to the foot of the animal. For the
lower or outer portion of the bar a hard quality of iron is used, to
prevent the rapid wear of the shoe after it has been placed upon
the foot of the animal. This quality of iron is produced in the
following manner:-In puddling or decarbonizing the iron the process
is arrested at that stage thereof which will cause the product to be
of a hard granular character, or just before it assumes the stiff and
sticky character of fully decarbonized or refined wrought iron. A
bar made of this hard material together with a bar of tough fibrous
wrought iron are to be properly "piled" upon each other, and
heated and passed between rollers for the purpose of welding
them together. The bar iron thus produced is drawn out by means
of the rolling mill hereafter described into bars suitable for shoes,
and they are creased for the reception of the heads of the nails and
notched at the joints where the blanks are to be separated. These
notches are produced by means of proper projections formed upon
the rollers or one of them for that purpose. The metal to form.
an axle is faggoted out of a number of bars of steel or iron, their
ends being placed in contact around mandrils and their central portions
supported at some distance asunder means of I-shaped bars placed
between them. One end of the faggot is then introduced between
the rolls, and is rolled to the proper form. The axle may be heated
at both ends simultaneously by furuaces placed at proper distance
asunder, so that a single revolution of the rolls will complete both
ends, but in most instances it will be found more practicable to heat
or roll the ends separately.
The rolling mill, which forms part of the Invention, is provided at
each end with a driving engine and a fly wheel of large size and peculiar
construction, and hereafter described. The fly wheel is mounted on a
large hollow shaft open at both ends, and provided on the inside with
spiral or oblique flanges or rings, which as the shaft rotates force a

page_text: constant current of air through it to keep the journals cool. From the
fly wheel shaft rotation is communicated to the rolls through the
medium of pulleys, one of which is fixed to the fly wheel shaft and the
other to one of the rolls. The rolls are geared together as usual. That
each end of the mill a driving belt passes loosely around the pulleys, so
that it will not communicate motion from one to the other unless drawn
tight. The tightening of the belt for this purpose is effected by a steam
apparatus consisting of a double steam cylinder, in each end of which is
a piston. Each of the pistons is attached to a separate rod, which works
in a guide and carries a pair of antifriction rollers, between which the
belt runs freely. To tighten the belt and thus communicate motion
from the one pulley to the other, steam is introduced simultaneously at
the two ends of the cylinder so as to drive the pistons towards each
other, and thus draw the two parts of the belt towards the centre. The
two driving engines may be kept constantly running in opposite direc-
tions, so that one of them may be employed to run the rolls one way
and the other to run them in the reverse direction, the connection and
disconnection of the respective engines with the rolls being governed
by means of valves to admit steam to the cylinders or permit its escape
therefrom. Each driving engine with its fly wheel may thus be per-
mitted to acquire momentum while the other is at work, or if preferred
the two may at any time be run in the same direction, so as to act
simultaneously on the rolls when unusual power is required. A single
injected duplex cylinder may be employed to tighten the belt, such
cylinder being on the front side of the belt, and connected by a rod to
the tightening pulley at back. The shaft of the fly wheel being made
hollow and of large diameter forms a shell of great strength without
increasing the weight of metal. By reason of the great size of the shaft
it is enabled to sustain a " centre or socket flange of very large cir-
cumference, which receives the arms or spokes. The wheel is tied
together by wrought-iron rods. The rim of the wheel is formed of
segments bolted or rivetted together by their flanges, and with sockets
cast upon them for the reception of wooden or other elastic arms. The
rolls are both made hollow, and are fitted with heads, through central
apertures in which may pass stationary pipes to introduce water, the
flow of which will keep the rolls constantly cool while in use.
suitable intervals in the grooves of the rolls are fitted cutting or forming
dies, which are removable, and may be made of any suitable shape to
point or head spikes, or to sever the formed article from the rod, or for
"
At

page_text: any other purpose. The removability and adjustability of the dies
admits of very readily re-shaping and repairing them when separate from
the rolls, and to set them up to the necessary prominence and projection
as they wear. Some of the grooves will be furnished with a sufficient
number of dies to produce the shortest spikes or other articles, and
longer ones can be made by taking out some of these dies, and supplying
their places with smooth plugs with faces corresponding in shape with
the grooves in the rolls. By the use of suitably formed grooves and dies
I am enabled to produce in the rolling mill railway or other spikes in
complete form at one operation. These spikes are formed with the
customary head projecting from one side for the purpose of engaging
with the base of the rail, and on the same face of the spike are formed
barbs, which hold firmly in the wooden cross tie or sleeper when the
spike is driven in. On the opposite face of the spike is a protuberance.
The second spike is formed with a head for the purpose of drawing it
when necessary. A flat face fits against the flat face of the other spike.
In use one spike is first driven into the cross tie or sleeper, its head
engaging and holding the base of the rail in the customary manner. The
other spike is then driven in close contact with the first, and by its
wedging action it forces the barbs firmly into the wood. The driving is
continued until the recess springs over the protuberances of the other
spike so as to lock them both, and in this condition the combined or
duplex spike is firmly secured against drawing by any strain which the
rail may exert upon the head of the spike.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her

page_text: me
special licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BAR IRON, AND IN THE MACHINERY
FOR ROLLING THE SAME INTO VARIOUS FORMS," being a communication to
from abroad by James Montgomery, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators. by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands.
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) -
This Invention relates, first, to an improved method of manufacturing
bar iron suitable for horse-shoes and other purposes, and drawing the
same into bars, and moulding, notching, and creasing such bars so as to
form: thereof a connected series of horse-shoe blanks by passing the same
between rollers.
In preparing the material for drawing down into bar iron the upper or
inner side of the bar is composed of any good quality of homogeneous
wrought iron of sufficient thickness to give the required strength to the
bar, and to admit of punching the holes for the reception of the nails
which secure the shoe to the foot of the animal. For the lower or outer
portion of the bar a hard quality of iron is used to prevent the too rapid
wear of the shoe after it has been placed upon the foot of the animal.
This quality of iron is produced in the following manner:-In puddling
or decarbonizing the iron the process is arrested at that stage thereof,

page_text: which will cause the product to be of a hard granular character, or just
before it assumes the stiff and sticky character of fully decarbonized or
refined wrought iron. A bar made of this hard material, together with
a bar of tough fibrous wrought iron, are to be properly "piled" upon
each other, and heated and passed between rollers for the purpose of
welding them together.. The bar iron thus produced is drawn out by
means of the rolling mill hereafter described into bars suitable for shoes,
and they are creased for the reception of the heads of the nails, and
notched at the joints where the blanks are to be separated. These notches
are produced by means of proper projections formed upon the rollers or
one of them for that purpose. The metal to form an axle is faggoted out
of a number of bars of steel or iron, their ends being placed in contact
around mandrils, and their central portions supported at some distance
asunder by means of I-shaped bars placed between them. One end of the
faggot is then introduced between the rolls and is rolled to the proper
form. The axle may be heated at both ends simultaneously by furnaces
placed at proper distance asunder, so that a single revolution of the rolls
will complete both ends, but in most instances it will be found more
practicable to heat or roll the ends separately.
of
The rolling mill, which forms part of the Invention, is provided at
each end with a driving engine and a fly wheel of large size and peculiar
construction, and hereafter described. The fly wheel is mounted on a
large hollow shaft open at both ends, and provided on the inside with
spiral or oblique flanges or wings, which as the shaft rotates force a constant
current of air through it to keep the journals cool. From the fly wheel
shaft rotation is communicated to the rolls through the medium
pulleys, one of which is fixed to the fly wheel shaft and the other to one
of the rolls. The rolls are geared together as usual. At each end of the
mill a driving belt passes loosely around the pulleys, so that it will not
communicate motion from one to the other unless drawn tight. The
tightening of the belt for this purpose is effected by a steam apparatus,
consisting of a double steam cylinder, in each end of which is a piston.
Each of the pistons is attached to a separate rod, which works in a guide
and carries a pair of antifriction rollers, between which the belt runs
freely. To tighten the belt and thus communicate motion from the one
pulley to the other, steam is introduced simultaneously at the two ends
of the cylinder, so as to drive the pistons towards each other, and thus
draw the two parts of the belt towards the centre. The two driving

page_text: engines may be kept constantly running in opposite directions, so that
one of them may be employed to run the rolls one way and the other to
run them in the reverse direction, the connection and disconnection of
the respective engines with the rolls being governed by means of valves
to admit steam to the cylinders or permit its escape therefrom. Each
driving engine with its fly wheel may thus be permitted to acquire
momentum while the other is at work, or if preferred the two may at
any time be run in the same direction so as to act simultaneously on the
rolls when unusual power is required. The shaft of the fly wheel being
made hollow and of large diameter forms a shell of great strength
without increasing the weight of metal. By reason of the great size of
the shaft it is enabled to sustain a "centre" or socket flange of very
large circumference, which receives the arms or spokes. The wheel is
tied together by wrought-iron rods. The rim of the wheel is formed of
segments bolted or rivetted together by their flanges, and with sockets
cast upon them for the reception of wooden or other elastic arms. The
rolls are both made hollow, and are fitted with heads, through central
apertures in which may pass stationary pipes to introduce water, the
flow of which will keep the rolls constantly cool while in use. At
suitable intervals in the grooves of the rolls are fitted cutting or forming
dies which are removable, and may be made of any suitable shape to
point or head spikes, or to sever the formed article from the rod, or for
any other purpose. Some of the grooves will be furnished with a suffi-
cient number of dies to produce the shortest spikes or other articles, and
longer ones can be made by taking out some of these dies and supplying
their places with smooth plugs with faces corresponding in shape with
the grooves in the rolls. By the use of suitably formed grooves and
dies I am enabled to produce in the rolling mill railway or other spikes
in complete form at one operation. These spikes are formed with the
customary head projecting from one side for the purpose of engaging
with the base of the rail, and on the same face of the spike are formed
barbs, which hold firmly in the wooden cross tie or sleeper when the
spike is driven in. On the opposite face of the spike is a protuberance.
The second spike is formed with a head for the purpose of drawing it
when necessary.
A flat face fits against the flat face of the other spike.
In use one spike is first driven into the cross tie or sleeper, its head
engaging and holding the base of the rail in the customary manner. The
other spike is then driven in close contact with the first, and by its
wedging action it forces the barbs firmly into the wood. The driving is

page_text: continued until the recess springs over the protuberances of the other
spike so as to lock them both, and in this condition the combined or
duplex spike is firmly secured against drawing by any strain which the
rail may exert upon the head of the spike.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a front view, partly in
section, of the two ends of a rolling mill constructed according to the
Invention Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the mill representing
the improved fly wheel and driving gear and their accessaries; Fig. 3 is
an end elevation of the rolling mill; Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional
elevation on an enlarged scale of the driving pullies and the belt
tightening apparatus, herein-after described; Fig. 5 represents a longi-
tudinal section of the same.
Fig. 6, Sheet II., is a transverse vertical sectional view of the rolls
representing the hollow dies which are employed for cutting and
forming spikes and other articles of irregular form; Fig. 7 is a longi-
tudinal view representing a portion of one of the pairs of rolls in
elevation, and a portion of the other in section.
The Figures shewn in Sheets II. & III. (and herein-after more par-
ticularly referred to) are sectional views illustrating various details and
modifications in the construction of the dies and grooves for producing
articles of various forms. The rolling mill is provided at each end with
driving engine A, A¹, and a fly wheel B, B', of very large size and
peculiar construction mounted on a large hollow shaft B* open at both
ends, and provided on the inside with spiral or oblique flanges or wings b,
which as the shaft rotates force a constant current of air through it to
keep the journals cool. From the fly wheel shaft B₁ rotation is com-
municated to the rolls C, C¹, through the medium of pullies D, D¹, one
of which is fixed to the fly wheel shaft B* and the other D¹ to one
of the rolls C'. The rolls C, C¹, are geared together as usual by
pinions c, c¹.
At each end of the mill a driving belt E passes loosely
around the pulleys D, D¹, so that it will not communicate motion from
one to the other unless drawn tight. The tightening of the belt for
this purpose is effected by a steam apparatus (represented more clearly
in Figures 4 and 5) consisting of a double steam cylinder F, in each end
of which is a piston G. Each of the pistons G is attached to a separate
rod g, g, which works in a guide 92, and carries a pair of antifriction
rollers g', g¹, between which the belt runs freely. To tighten the belt
and thus communicate motion from the pulley D to the pulley D¹ steam

page_text: is introduced simultaneously at the two ends of the cylinder F, so as to
drive the pistons G toward each other and thus draw the two parts of
the belt towards the centre. The two driving engines A and A', Fig. 1,
may be kept constantly running in opposite directions, so that one of
them may be employed to run the rolls one way and the other to run
them in the reverse direction, the connection and disconnection of the
respective engines with the rolls being governed by means of rods g³,
which operate suitable valves so as to admit steam to the cylinders or
permit its escape therefrom. Each driving engine with its fly wheel
may thus be permitted to acquire momentum while the other is at
work, or if preferred the two may at any time be run in the same
direction 80 as to act simultaneously on the rolls when unusual power
is required. A single injected duplex cylinder may be employed to
tighten the belt, such cylinder being on the front side of the belt and
connected by a rod to the tightening pulley at back. The shaft B*
of the fly wheel is made hollow, and being of very large diameter forms
a shell of great strength without increasing the weight of metal. By
reason of the great size of the shaft it is enabled to sustain a "centre"
or socket flange B2 of very large circumference, which receives the arms
or spokes I and affords ample means for securing their ends and for the
attachment of the wrought metal rods J by which the wheel is tied
together, as will presently be explained. The rim B of the wheel is
formed of segments h bolted or rivetted together by their flanges ¹,
and with sockets h³ cast upon them for the reception of wooden or other
elastic arms I. These arms are made as wide longitudinally as the
width of the rim will readily admit and correspondingly narrow trans-
versely. The outer ends of the tie rods J, Fig. 3, are secured by the
same bolts or rivets which attach the segments of the rim together, and
their inner ends are secured to the hub by screw bolts, rivets, or draw
keys. In wheels where a very high velocity is required the hub may
be elongated to any necessary extent, and lugs cast upon it so as to
spread the fastenings of the rods toward the alternate ends of the shaft,
thus constituting "A" braces. The centres of the rods J, Fig. 3, are
provided with turn buckles ; working in right and left screws for the
purpose of tightening the rods. The ends of the arms I are secured
in their sockets by keys or bolts i, i. The rolls are both made hollow,
and are fitted with heads, through central appertures in which may pass
stationary pipes, one at each end, to introduce and carry off water, the
flow of which will keep the rolls constantly cool while in use. In the
J

page_text: enlarged sectional view, Fig. 7, Sheet II., the collars a² themselves serve
to retain a sufficient body of water within the rolls and in contact with
the dies. At suitable intervals in the latitudinal grooves D2 of the rolls
are fitted cutting or forming dies L, M, of any suitable shape to point
or head spikes, and to sever the formed article from the rod or for
any other purpose. On each roll a number of grooves of different
capacity are formed in order to produce spikes or other articles of
assorted sizes. The dies are made removable by setting them in radial
sockets in the rolls, and supporting them by screws N tapped into the
rolls from the interior and secured by jam nuts O, Fig. 7. The entire
dies are made hollow, and suitable ports or passages are formed in them
to communicate with ports a³ in the internal collars or flanges a2*, in
which the dies are set, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7, so that water will
flow through the dies at every revolution and thus keep them cool.
The removability and adjustability of the dies admits of very readily
re-shaping and repairing them when separate from the rolls, and of
setting them up to the necessary prominence and projection as they
wear away. Some of the grooves will be furnished with a sufficient
number of dies to produce the shortest spikes or other articles, and
longer ones can be made by taking out some of these dies and supplying
their places with smooth lugs with faces corresponding in shape with
the grooves in the rolls. By suitably formed grooves and dies screw
spikes may be produced in complete form at one operation by rolling.
Cutting dies may be inserted in the peripheries of the rolls for severing
common puddled bars for faggots, for rolling, and for other purposes.
Figures 8 and 9, Sheet II., are respectively transverse and longitudinal
sectional views of the adjacent parts of a pair of rolls, furnished with
grooves and dies for forming the improved double spikes for railway
purposes. The form of these spikes is represented in Fig. 8 in red
One of them (S¹) is formed with the customary head s³ projecting from
one side for the purpose of engaging with the base of the rail, and on
the same face of the spike are formed barbs 8, 8, 8, which hold firmly in
the wooden cross tie when the spike is driven in. On the opposite face
of the spike is a protuberance s¹. The second spike S2 is formed with
a head s4 for the purpose of drawing it when necessary. A flat face h
fits against the flat face of the spike S¹ and a recess s³ is also made to
engage with and fit over the protuberance s' of the spike S¹. In use the
spike S¹ is first driven into the cross tie; its head is made to hold the

page_text: base of the rail in the, usual manner. The spike S2 is. then driven in
close contact, with S, and by its wedging action it forces the barbs s
firmly into the wood. fne driving is continued until the recess. s²
springs, over the protuberance s so as to lock the spike S2, and in this
condition the combined or duplex spike is firmly secured against, being
drawn by any strain which the rail may exert upon the. head s³ of the
spike S¹. If however it becomes necessary to remove the spike S¹ the
spike S2 is first drawn by means of a crow bar. The spike S¹ will be
thereby released, and may readily be withdrawn.
Figures 10 and 11 represent transverse and longitudinal sections of
portions of recessed rolls such as may be employed for rolling the
separate bars of the improved hollow shafts and axles, herein-after
described. By forming the groove principally in one roll, as shewn
at C, Figure 11, and making the groove with oblique faces and large and
deep enough to receive and fit a fillet c¹, c', projecting from the upper
roll C, the bar may be rolled without fins.
The extreme corners a
are chilled so as to make them very hard and durable, and the obliquity
of the sides of the groove in the roll A' and the corresponding shape
of the fillet or projection of the roll A make the corners or angles less
acute than they otherwise would be. Their capacity to wear is thus
further increased, but as fast as the chilled corners do wear, the other
less hard parts of the rolls can readily be turned down to corresponding
shape and dimensions.
Fig. 12, Sheet III., represents a transverse section of a pair of rolls
constructed in the manner shown in Fig. 11 and with grooves of varying
depth, width,, and form. so as to change the bar from a common square
or flat form to the shape represented in Fig. 12, and successively to
the forms shewn in Figures 12b, 12, 12d, and 12 by a single revolution
of the rolls. From a comparison of the forms indicated in red in the
series of Figures named, the progressive thinning and, widening of, the
bar. will be clearly, understood. The projecting ribs, R, Fig. 12, may
serve, both as guides for cutting the bars and as cutters to separate them
into precisely equal lengths by the continuous revolution of the rolls.
The segmental bars are formed partly of steel and partly of iron in the
following manner:-About one-fourth the thickness the bar is formed
of soft or semi-steel and the rest, of good tough iron. These two are
first. piled and, then heated in the usual way and rolled down with the
steel on the outer or curved side of the bar, and the bar is at once

page_text: formed into the segmental bar ready to cut off and faggot up into axle
form. By this means may be produced a steel journal for wear and
strength, as also the greatest strength of axle where the strain is greatest.
These bars may also be rolled cold to condense the grain and planish
them bright.
Fig. 13, Sheet III., represents portions of a pair of rolls employed for
the complete rolling of horse-shoe bars in such a manner that the bars
will require only bending to produce horse-shoes of the most efficient
character. The grooves are formed to impart the required shape to the
various parts of the body of the shoe. The hollow adjustable dies 1
will sever the bars and also form the heel calks Fig. 14 shews the
section of the body of the shoe; Fig. 15, the parts for forming the heel
calks and Fig. 16, a supplemental die attached to the rolls for the
purpose of shaping the toe calk and so compressing the bar at the toe
as to make it very thin at this point in order that the shoe may be
made elastic and adapted to expand or contract with the horse's foot.
Fig. 17, Sheet III., represents a transverse section of portions of a
pair of rolls for forming shoes from angle iron; Figures 18 and 19
represent fragmentary longitudinal sections of the rolls indicating the
forms of transverse sections of the shoe bars at various points; Fig. 20
is a similar section representing in elevation the dies used for severing
and forming the ends of the shoe bars.
Fig. 21, Sheet III., represents a transverse section of the rolls where
they are formed and adapted for the formation of hollow axles and
beams of larger diameter in the centre than at the ends. The Drawing
shows one end of an axle T in course of rolling.
In carrying out this part of the Invention the metal to form the axle is
faggoted out of a number of bars of steel or iron, their ends being placed
in contact around mandrels R and their central portions supported at
some distance asunder, as shewn at t, by means of I shaped bars placed
between them. The faggot thus prepared is by the aid of a gauge
adjusted upon a car, which is so connected to the rolls that it will
move at a speed corresponding with that of the working surfaces of
the rolls. One end of the faggot is then introduced between the rolls
at the point marked a". The projections as form the proper depression
of the journal. From thence to a the grouves continue of about equal
size so
as to securely weld the bars together and form the cylindrical
or nearly cylindrical portion of the axle which receives the wheel.

page_text: From the point a the grooves increase rapidly in size to a 10 to form
the flaring central portion of the axle, toward which point the bars
diverge. The cavity all is to afford space for a projecting flange or ring,
which may be placed upon or around the largest part at the centre of
the axle. Bars of an I form are rolled and cut to suitable lengths for
the purpose of being introduced between the segmental bars at the ends
of the same for a distance great enough to allow the formation of the
journal and a space for the eye or hub of the wheel; the wheel is then
heated and welded to shape at the end, thereby forming the segmental
bar axle. The axle may be heated at both ends simultaneously by
furnaces placed at proper distance asunder, so that a single revolution
of the rolls will complete both ends, but in most instances it will be
found more practicable to heat or roll the ends separately.
The Invention above described constitutes a universal rolling mill for
the manufacture of "plant" for horse and other railways.
Having now described the Invention, which has been communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent as aforesaid, and having explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,―
First. The rolling mill constructed and adapted with double driving
gear, as herein described, for the complete formation of various articles of
irregular form.
Second. The use of the pullies, belts, and steam tighteners for
starting and stopping and reversing the rolls, as herein set forth.
Third. The hollow shaft B¹ provided with internal wings or flanges to
produce currents of air to assist in keeping the journals cool.
Fourth. The fly wheels constructed with wooden or other elastic armis,
segmental rims, and tie rods, substantially as and for the purposes herein
set forth.
Fifth. The adjustable dies constructed and arranged to operate as and
for the purposes set forth.
Sixth. Constructing the dies hollow for the purposes specified.
Seventh. The die arranged for forming the depression at the toe of
the horse-shoe, in the manner explained.
Lastly. In reference to horse-shoe iron I claim welding together a
bar of tough fibrous wrought iron with a bar of soft or semi-steel, and

page_text: converting the same into connected horse-shoe blanks, moulded, creased,
and notched at points where such blanks are to be separated from one
another by passing such compound bars between rollers provided with
suitable dies, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
suitable dies, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S)