An Improved Railway Carriage Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Railway Carriage Heating Apparatus.
1, GEORGE THOMAS WHEATLEY, of Oak Cottage, Ballenguch near Stirling,
Scotland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to appliances for heating railway carriages and it consists
of an improved apparatus heated by a gas flame or flames in which water or other
convenient liquid is heated and circulates to distribute the heat generated by the
combustion of the gas.
In an apparatus constructed to carry my invention into effect I arrange a
convenient box under the floor of the carriage and within this box I place a water
heating contrivance constructed as follows:-
An outer tube preferably of iron or steel is screwed or otherwise attached to two
end castings preferably of brass. An inner brass, copper, iron or steel tube passes
within the outer tube and is similarly fastened to the end castings. A suitable
annular space is thus left between the two tubes and the castings are so arranged
that this annular space is separated from the interior of the inner tube in an air and
water tight manner. Water circulating pipes connect one casting with another in
such manner that when one end of my water heater is heated by a gas flame then
water filling the annular space herein before described and the said pipes, circulates
through the pipes and heater in a continuous manner. The water circulating pipes
pass through the floor of the carriage and proceed along the floor of two or more
compartments so that the compartments are pleasantly warmed.
An air pipe is led off from the highest point of the water circulating pipes as is
usual in hot water heating arrangements for houses and the system is supplied
with water from a supply tank, preferably of panel shape, placed above the
carriage windows, or a tank placed at the end of the carriage between the panels
with a suitable float or indicator for indicating when full or empty, and a main
supply pipe running from this tank with branches to each heater. The water
supply enters by a branch at one of the castings and a drain cock for emptying is
suitably placed at the same branch.
The other end casting is arranged to admit a Bunsen burner, which burner is
supplied with air through perforations in a vertical ring branch surrounding it and
the said perforations are fed through holes in a horizontal cap. By this arrange-
ment the burner is protected from extinction due to the rapid movement of air or
the rapid movement of the carriage through the air.
The Bunsen flame burns within the inner tube and its prolongation in the end
casting, and the heated gases pass along the inner tube and are discharged by means
of a suitable pipe or passage at the extreme end. -
Opposite the Bunsen flame is placed a fusible plug and in the event of temperature
rising too high from want of water or other cause the plug melts out and prevents
damage from over pressure.
A convenient cap is provided to cover the end of the inner tube prolonged
through the end casting carrying the Bunsen burner to allow ready access to the
burner for lighting and also to allow the interior of the inner tube to be cleaned' or
inspected. This cap is attached and jointed in any convenient way.
A safety valve is provided of the spring loaded type to prevent over pressure in
the event of any stoppage in the pipes.

page_text: I sometimes cut off the gas supply to the burner by arranging a small cylinder,
preferably screwed at the bottom of the outer tube, in which a water tight trunk
piston works against a spiral spring. This piston when excessive pressure is
generated by any stoppage or other cause actuates by a connecting rod the end of
the gas supply lever and turns off the supply. The end of the plug of the gas
supply cock I preferably extend and fix thereto another lever in front of the box
containing the heater, which actuates the gas supply independently of the internal
pressure. I also preferably arrange a three way cock for regulating the supply to
each compartment and this cock may be, actuated by the passengers.
My invention may be carried out in a modified manner but an essential feature
consists in a gas heated water circulating apparatus applied to heat carriages.
Dated this 6th day of April 1893.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: brass, copper, iron or steel tube A passes within the outer tube A and is similarly
fastened to the end castings in any convenient manner such as by screws, nuts,
couplings or other device. A suitable annular space is thus left between the two
tubes A A' and the castings are so arranged. that this annular space is separated
from the interior of the inner tube A' in an air and water tight manner. Water
circulating pipes as B'C' Figures 2 and 3 coupled to the branches B, and C, connect
one casting or one end with the other in such manner that when one end B, of my
water heater is heated by a gas flame burning at the Bunsen burner L then water
filling the annular space herein before described and the said pipes B¹ C₁, circulates.
through the pipes and heater in a continuous manner. The water circulating
branches B, C pass through the floor of the carriage and connect to pipes B¹ C
which proceed along the floor of two or more compartments, so that the compartments
are pleasantly warmed.
This is clearly shown at Figures 1 and 2 where the apparatus is shown arrange₫
to warm two compartments.
An air pipe F is led off from the highest point of the water circulating pipes B'CI
as is usual in hot water heating arrangements for houses, and the system is supplied
with water from a supply tank I, sometimes of panel shape which may be placed
above the carriage windows, or a tank may be placed at the end of the carriage
between the panels as shown at I, Figures 1 and 4.
A suitable float or indicator for indicating when full or empty may also be
adopted, and a main supply pipe K running from this tank I with branches to each
heater is adopted as shown at Figure 1. The water supply from the tank I, enters by
a branch as K¹ Figure 1 at one of the ends and a drain cock for emptying may
suitably be placed at the same branch.
The other end or casting is arranged to admit a Bunsen burner L Figure 6,
which burner may be supplied with air through perforations in a vertical ring
branch surrounding it and the said perforations are fed through holes in a horizontal
cap. Such a device is clearly shown at Figures 6, 10 and 11, where the air first
enters two large holes L L (Figure 10) then passes from a chamber through smaller
holes L and ultimately passes into the combustion chamber by way of the holes in
the conical, or it may be vertical, ring indicated at L.
By this arrangement the burner is protected from extinction due to the rapid
movement of air or the rapid movement of the carriage through the air.
The Bunsen flame burns within the inner tube A¹ and its prolongation in the end
or chamber or casting and the heated gases pass along the said inner tube in the
direction indicated by the arrows marked 1, and are discharged by means of a
suitable pipe or passage at the extreme end.
To prevent back draught I place a baffle plate N' in front of a conical tube N³,
and the gases then discharge after passing the baffle plate through holes in another
cone N and find their way into the outer air by way of holes in an external
casing N
Opposite the Bunsen flame may be placed a fusible plug and in the event of
temperature rising too high from want of water or other cause the plug.melts out
and prevents damage from over pressure.
A convenient cap or cover M, is provided to cover the end of the inner tube
prolonged through the end casting carrying the Bunsen burner, to allow ready
access to the burner L for lighting and also to allow the interior of the inner tube
to be cleaned or inspected. This cap is attached and jointed in any convenient
way.
A safety valve is provided of the spring loaded type to prevent over pressure in
the event of any stoppage in the pipes.
I sometimes cut off the gas supply to the burner by arranging a small cylinder,
preferably screwed at the bottom of the outer tube, in which a water tight trunk
piston works against a spiral spring. This piston when excessive pressure is
generated by any stoppage or other cause actuates by a connecting rod the end
of the og sunni-
- The and of the plug of the

page_text: gas supply cock I preferably extend and fix thereto another lever in front of the
box containing the heater, which actuates the gas supply independently of
the internal pressure. I also preferably arrange a three way cock for regulating
the supply to each compartment and this cock may be actuated by the passengers.
At Figures 1, 2 and 3 I have shown an arrangement for reducing the amount of
heat given out by the system which depends on reducing the acting heating surface
within the carriage. The quadrant G Figure 1 may be operated by the passengers
to move the valve D and thereby close the further half of the heating pipes and
cause the bot water to pass along the bye pass D' instead of completing its whole
circuit. A valve E with bye pass E' is provided in the other compartment for the
same purpose. By the arrangement shown in Figure 5 the whole of the water may
be diverted from circulating through the compartment by the valve D, in which
case the water circulates by way of the pipe H.
The quadrant G connects to the heat. regulating cocks or valves as D and E by
chain or cord as G¹ and a convenient system of guide pulleys and levers such as
indicated at Figures 1, 2 and 3.
The valves D and E may be constructed as shown at Figures 18 and 19 with
a butterfly valve as D¹, Figure 19, but I do not confine myself to any special
construction.
The tank I, (Figures 12 and 13) has an overflow pipe I' to regulate the level
'and a cap I' to enable the tank to be conveniently filled.
:
I prefer to run a pipe along the bottom and up one end of the carriage or make
a flue for causing a draught, and I run a short pipe into the heater to take off the
'foul air clear of the doors.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows :-
:
The water or other fluid having been put into the tank I, finds its way to the
'heater A by the supply pipe K until the apparatus is filled, and it then commences
to run out of the overflow pipe I' at the bottom of the said supply tank..
To set the apparatus working I open the door M Figure 6 at the end of the
heater A and light the Bunsen L. The burner L being placed immediately under
the branch pipe. B the water ascends along the pipes as shown by the arrows until
it arrives at the partition casting shown in section at Figure 9, and then descends
to the heater again on the same angle, arriving at the bottom of the heater as
,indicated by arrows, lower in temperature than when it entered the circulating
pipes, and thus it passes along the annular space between the outer casting A and
inner tube A' to again get heated. An air pipe F is taken from the highest point
of circulation, so as to ensure the contact. The Bunsen L has a perforated cap L'
and a wire gauze plate L' (Figure 10).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
.
"
1. A railway carriage heating apparatus comprising in combination; a heater
consisting of an inner and an outer tube so arranged that the hot gases from a
Bunsen flame pass along the interior of the inner tube and heat water or other liquid
contained in the annular space between the two tubes; suitable branches from the
heater connected to pipes within the railway carriage so arranged that the heated
water circulates through the said pipes and returns to the heater; a water tank to
supply the heater with water and an air pipe to discharge air from the system
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
2. A railway carriage heating apparatus as claimed in the preceding claim in
combination with bye pass and valve devices operated from within the carriage to
vary the heating surfaces exposed within the carriage at the option of the
passengers by reducing or increasing the said heating surfaces, substantially as,
herein before described.
3. The novel heating apparatus for railway carriages constructed as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings,

page_text: 4. The mode of protecting the Bunsen burner flame from air currents by means
of holes in rings or plates in different planes arranged at the air inlet end and the
outlet end for the products of combustion, substantially as and for the purposes
hereinbefore described.
Dated this 5th day of January 1894.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.