IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FINISHING FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Caesar Paetow, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Commission Merchant, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FINISHING
FABRICS." A communication from abroad by Mr. Tillman Esser, of
Burtscheid, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
Sealed the 9th May 1862, and dated the 18th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Caesar Paetow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1861.
I, FREDERICK CAESAR PAETOW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Commission Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND
FINISHING FABRICS," being a communication to me from abroad by Mr. Till-
man Esser, of Burtscheid, in the Kingdom of Prussia, to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in an apparatus for raising fabrics transversely after
they have been raised longitudinally. For this purpose I combine with the
ordinary raising machine four or more cylinders covered with teazles, brushes,
cards, or other.suitable raising materials. The said cylinders are placed in a
frame, and receive a rotary motion in such manner that half of them turn in
the opposite direction to the other half, and have at the same time a backward

page_text: and forward motion transversely to the motion of the fabric. As the fabric is
delivered from the ordinary raising machine it passes between the aforesaid
cylinders in a direction parallel with their axes, and is thereby raised and
stretched from the middle to the selvages, or from one selvage to the other,
there being two adjustable guide rollers for the purpose of placing the fabric
in or out of the action of the cylinders, or, instead of the aforesaid covered
cylinders, one or more bands or straps covered with teazles, brushes, cards, or
other suitable material may be employed for the same purpose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Caesar Paetow, in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
CAESAR PAETOW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Com-
mission Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Frederick Caesar Paetow, Her special licence that I, the said
Frederick Caesar Paetow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Frederick Caesar Paetow, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND
FINISHING FABRICS," being a communication to me from abroad by Mr. Till-
-man-Esser, of Burtscheid, in the Kingdom of Prussia, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Caesar Paetow, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Caesar Paetow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in an apparatus for raising the pile or surface of
fabrics traversely, that is to say, in the direction of the weft. For this pur-
pose I use two or more cylinders covered with teazles, brushes, cards, or other
suitable raising materials, which receive a rotary motion in such a manner that
half of them turn in the opposite direction to the other half, and-have-at-the
same time a reciprocating motion transversely to the motion of the fabric, or
in the direction of the weft of the fabric. As the fabric is delivered from the
ordinary raising machine it passes over or in contact with the aforesaid
cylinders in a direction parallel with their axes, and is thereby raised and
stretched from the middle to the selvages, or from one selvage to the other,
there being adjustable guide rollers for the purpose of placing the fabric in
or out of contact with the cylinders; or, instead of the aforesaid covered
cylinders; one or more bands or straps covered with teazles, brushes, cards, or
other suitable materials may be employed for the same purpose. The appa-
ratus may be used independently or in connection with an ordinary raising
machine.
The manner in which the said Invention is to be carried into practical
effect will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying two Sheets
of Drawings. In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a front
elevation of this improved machine, in which a represents the framework; b,
a sliding frame, carrying the cylinders c, c¹, c², c³, which effect the cross
raising of the fabric. The said cylinders are covered with teazles, brushes,
cards, or other suitable raising materials, and revolve on axles d, d, which have
bearings e, e', e, e³, in the sliding frame b. The shaft f carries on one end the
driving pulley g, and is squared from f to f¹, in order to receive the sliding
bevil wheels i, i, which are geared in the bevil wheels j, j, keyed on the axles
of the raising cylinders c¹, c²; K, K, are toothed wheels to transmit the motion
to the remaining cylinders c, c³. On the shaft f is keyed a bevilled pinion 1,
which drives the bevil wheel n on the stud o; from this stud o motion is
transmitted to the crank p by means of the pinion r and the wheel s; t is a
rod connecting the crank p with the sliding frame b, which slides on grooved
wheels u, u; u, v, are guide rollers for guiding the cloth past the cylinders
c, c, c², c³. These rollers are placed on moveable levers w, w, whose fulcrums
are at a, a, and are adjustable by any ordinary contrivance, so that by these
rollers the pressure of the cloth against the cylinders c, c', e², c³, may be
regulated according as required, or removed altogether. The raising cylinders
e, c',, receive their revolving motion from the driving pulley-g, by means

page_text: of the wheels i, i, j,j, and K, K, K, in such a manner that the one half of
the number of cylinders revolve in the opposite direction to the other half. It
is preferable that the cylinders run in such directions as to stretch the fabric
from the middle to the selvages. The reciprocating motion of the raising
cylinders is produced by the crank p, connected with the sliding frame by
means of the rod t, This crank is driven from the pulley shaft f by the wheels
l, n, r, and s.; but I do not confine myself to this method of producing the
reciprocating motion as the same may be produced by a pinion with an endless
toothed rack, eccentrics, or tappets, or other well known mechanical means.
The apparatus may be used either independently or in connection with an
ordinary raising machine. In each case the fabric passes the cylinder c, in
the direction of the dotted lines, the guide rollers u, v, being so adjusted as to
press the fabric uniformly against the raising surfaces of the cylinders.
In Sheet 2, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, shew another mode of construction of a cross
raising apparatus which may be sometimes preferred. Fig. 1 is a plan; Fig. 2,
a front elevation; and Fig. 3, a vertical section.
a represents the framework, the top surface of which is planed to carry the
sliding frame b. This sliding frame has bearings c, c, in which revolve the
cylinders d, d, covered with teazles or other raising materials. e is the main
driving shaft; ff, are fast and loose pulleys; g is a spur wheel keyed to the
shaft e; h, h, are two moveable arms jointed at h¹ for carrying the trans-
mitting wheels i, i, geared on the one side in the shaft pinion g, and on the
other in the wheel k on the shaft of the cylinder d. The toothed wheels K
and transmit the motion to the remaining cylinders. On the shaft e is keyed
the wheel m, geared in the wheel o, on the crank shaft p; q is the rod con-
necting the crank with the sliding frame b. The point of connection may be
either at the far end of the frame or at any other part of it. At the end of the
driving shaft e is fastened the worm r, which gears with the worm wheels on
the axle of the roller t. u, u, are adjustable guide rollers, u, v, v, wooden bars
for guiding the cloth.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The revolving motion of the
raising cylinders is effected from the pulley-shaft by means of the wheels 9,1,
K, K, and I, 1, and is regulated in such a manner that half the number of
cylinders rotate in the opposite direction to the other half. The reciprocating
motion is produced by the crank p, which is driven from the pulley shaft by
the wheels m, o, and connected with the sliding frame by the rod q. The
moveable jointed arms or levers h, h, hereby enable the cylinders to slide
backwards and forwards without hindering their revolving motion.
Fig. 4 shews another mode for imparting simultaneously a revolving and

page_text: reciprocating motion to the raising cylinders. On the driving shaft a is keyed.
a bevil wheel b, geared in the bevil wheel c on the upright rotary shaft d,
which has its bearings e and f placed on the axle a of the driving shaft, and on
the axle g of the raising cylinder h. The shaft d slides on a key in the boss
of the bevil wheel / fastened to the upper bearing f and geared with the bevil
wheelm.on the shaft of the cylinder h. From this cylinder rotary motion is
transmitted to the remaining cylinder by means of the wheels K, K. The
reciprocating notion of these cylinders is produced by the upright levers n, n,
one on each side, or one in the middle, which have their fulcrums at o, and
receive their motion from the pulley shaft by means of the wheels p, x, q, and
the crank r working in the slot s of the levers n,n; the upper ends of these
levers slide between the studs or rollers t, t, fastened to the sliding frame z,
which receives a backward and forward motion with every revolution of the
crank r. The machine can be used either independently or in connection with
the common raising machine. In each case the cloth is guided over the
raising cylinders as shewn by the dotted lines, the guide rollers u, u, Fig. 3,
being fitted in such a manner that the fabric can easily be brought in or out
of contact with the cylinders. And in order that the fabric may be more
uniformly pressed against the raising surface, the diameter of the cylinders
may be slightly increased towards the middle, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 3;
Sheet 2.
By the combination of the revolving and reciprocating motion of the
cylinders an effectual raising of the pile or surface and stretching of the
fabric is produced, and by these means the waved lines, so often objected to,
as raised longitudinally, only are avoided, and a more full and elastic surface
is obtained.
It may be remarked that by the revolving motion of the cylinders only the
fabric would not be raised except in those places where the cloth is in contact
with the cylinder surface, and that therefore for the purpose of raising the
cloth throughout its whole breadth a reciprocating motion in the direction of
the weft becomes necessary. This motion may be given either to the raising
surfaces or to the fabric, and although the annexed Drawings only shew the
arrangement for giving this motion to the raising surfaces, I also claim the con-
struction of machines in which the fabric receives the reciprocating motion
instead of the raising cylinders.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, as communicated
to me from abroad, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I
desire is to be understood that I claim as secured to me ünder the above-
mentioned Letters Patent and for the purpose above set forth,-

page_text: Firstly, the use of raising surfaces which act upon the fabric transversely or
in the direction of the weft, and which have in the first place a revolving
motion, and in the second place reciprocating motion in the direction of the
weft, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying two Sheets of
Drawings.
And, secondly, the use of apparatus and means by which the revolving motion
is given to the raising surfaces and the reciprocating motion to the fabric or
surface to be raised, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Caesar Paetow, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
F. CAESAR PAETOW. (L.s.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Frederick Caesar
Paetow, in the presence of
E.. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.