Improved Apparatus for Cooling or Warming Liquids.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1894-Accepted, 25th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Cooling or Warming Liquids.
I, RICHARD CHARLES BAKER, of The Preservitas Company, of 110 to 112
Southwark Street, London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to certain inprovements in the construction of apparatus
used for cooling or warming milk and other liquids, of the class in which the cooling
or warming medium circulates within the apparatus and the liquid to be cooled or
warmed flows over and down the outer surface of the apparatus,-the invention
having as its main objects, to obtain a more extended cooling or heating surface in
apparatus of a given size, better facility of taking the apparatus apart for cleaning
its interior, and a better aëration of the liquid being treated.
To this end, the invention consists in the construction or formation of the
apparatus with a series of separate or independent tubular through-ways (herein-
after referred to as "tubes") each of an elliptical or approximately elliptical form
in cross section, arranged with their major axes superposed in horizontal or
approximately horizontal planes and with their minor axes in alignment, the same
being let into and supported at both ends by corresponding standards, which, at
the top, support a basin or receptacle for the liquid to be treated, and at the
bottom support a basin or receptacle for the treated liquid.
an
Such independent elliptical tubes are, at their opposite ends, connected in pairs
so as to form one continuous through-way, by means of corresponding boxed or
partitioned ends which are removably applied to the end standards with
intervening elastic joint and are, for the time being, secured by screws or bolts or
in any other suitable manner. Such boxed ends are cast integral with a bottom
inlet for the cooling or warming medium and with a top outlet therefor, such inlet
and outlet being externally screwed for connection respectively with supply and
delivery hose-pipe couplings.
The elliptical tubes are preferably formed with longitudinal shallow corrugations,
which cause them to present a very considerably increased extent of cooling or
warming surface compared with existing apparatus of the kind of a like size, and
also cause the liquid being treated to spread over the tubes much more evenly than
if the same were plain-surfaced, and dispense with the necessity of other means
ordinarily employed with plain-surfaced apparatus of the kind for ensuring this,
and also cause the liquid to be treated to be subjected to a better aëration.
Moreover, with elliptical corrugated tubes, any internal pressure can be better
resisted than with plain-surfaced tubes, and the same rigidity of construction can
be attained with a thinner material, and so a great reduction in weight will be
effected in large apparatus such as used in brewery and distilling works, and the
cost of the machine will be correspondingly lessened.
The elliptical tubes may, however, be made of a plain-surfaced formation.
The said independent elliptical tubes, disposed, as aforesaid, with their major
axes in superposed horizontal planes, are set with a shallow space left between the
adjacent tubes, and to the underside of each tube centrally of its width is secured a
waved wire or a wavy edged strip which depends (with its bottom or wavy edge at
about one-half the distance between the tubes) over the longitudinal centre of the
top of the tube next below. Such wires or strips are secured to the superposed
tube by solder or tin or in any other suitable manner so as to form a smooth surface
for the descending liquid to flow over and drop from.
The separation of such tubes and the application of said waved wires or strips

page_text: further facilitates and effectually secures a better aëration of the liquid being
treated.
The aforesaid boxed ends applied to the end standards, being removable, permit
of the tubes being cleaned without removal or disconnection of any other part of
the apparatus than said ends.
The aforesaid top and bottom pans or basins may be slipped between and
soldered to the end frames in apparatus of small size, but in apparatus of large size
they are preferably loose and removable.
The top pan is perforated with holes of any suitable diameter and pitch for
equally distributing the liquid to be treated over the exterior of the top tube of the
apparatus, and if treating milk a wire gauze strainer should be placed in the top
pan. The bottom pan is formed with any suitable outlets adapted to direct the
treated liquid into the receptacles used.
The apparatus or its acting part is preferably coated with a tinning or other
suitable unoxidizable solution or coating.
Dated this 20th day of July 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improved Apparatus for Cooling or Warming Liquids.
I, RICHARD CHARLES BAKER, of The Preservitas Company, of 110 to 112
Southwark Street, London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of counter-
current apparatus used for cooling or warming milk and other liquids, in which the
cooling or warming medium circulates up within the apparatus and the liquid to be
cooled or warmed flows over and down the outer surface of the apparatus ;-the
main objects of the invention being to obtain a more extended cooling or heating
surface in apparatus of a given size, a better aeration of the liquid being treated,
and a better facility of taking the apparatus apart for cleaning its interior.
On the accompanying drawings :-
Fig. 1, represents parts of the improved apparatus, partly in elevation and partly
in section.
Fig. 2, represents a transverse section, partly in elevation; and
Fig. 3, represents an inner view of one of the removable ends.
In carrying out the invention, a series of separate tubular through-ways a,
(hereinafter referred to as "tubes") each formed of an elliptical or approximately
elliptical shape in cross section (Fig. 2) and with longitudinal shallow corrugations b,
and with a longitudinal wavy edge c, depending centrally from its under edge, aro
employed, being arranged with a shallow space between the adjacent tubes, and
with their major axes superposed in horizontal or approximately horizontal planes,
and with their minor axes and depending undulating edges in alignment.
The series of such peculiarly formed and adapted tubes are let into and supported
at both ends by corresponding standards d, which, at the top, support a basin or
receptacle e, for the liquid to be treated, and, at the bottom, support a basin
or receptacle f, for the treated liquid.
At their opposite ends, the tubes are connected in pairs (vide the sectional parts
of Fig. 1) so as to form one continuous through-way, by means of corresponding
boxed or partitioned ends g, which latter are removably applied to the standards d,
with an intervening packing h, and are, for the time being, secured by screws i, or
in any other suitable manner.

page_text: The boxed ends 7 are respectively cast integral with a bottom inlet j, for the
cooling or warming medium, and with a top outlet k, therefor, such inlet and outlet
being externally screwed, as at j, for connection respectively with supply and
delivery hose-pipe couplings.
The elliptical shape and corrugated formation of the tubes cause them to present.
a very considerably increased extent of cooling or warming surface compared with
existing apparatus of the kind of a like size, and facilitate the spreading of the
liquid being treated over the tubes, and also cause such liquid to be subjected to a
better aeration. Such peculiar shape and formation also enable the tubes the better
to resist any internal pressure, and enable any desired rigidity of construction to
be attained with a thinner material, and so enable the desired action to be more
economically attained, and effect a considerable reduction of weight in apparatus.
of sizes used in breweries and distilleries, and correspondingly lessen the cost of
such apparatus.
The undulating depending edge of each elliptical and corrugated tube depends.
about one-half the distance between the adjacent tubes, over the longitudinal centre-
of the top of the tube next below, and may be formed by wires or strips secured to
the tubes from which they depend by solder or tin or in any other suitable manner
so as to form a smooth surface for the descending liquid to flow over and to fall in
drops from.
The separation of the elliptical and corrugated tubes and the application of said
waved wires or strips further facilitate and effectually secure a better aeration of
the liquid being treated.
The boxed ends y, applied to the standards, d, being removeable, permits of the
tubes a, being cleaned without removal, or disconnection of any other part of the
apparatus than said ends.
The top and bottom pans or basins e, f, may be slipped between and soldered to
the standards in apparatus of small size, but in apparatus of large size they are
preferably loose and removeable.
The top pan is perforated with holes of any suitable diameter and pitch for
equally distributing the liquid to be treated over the exterior of the top tube a, of
the apparatus, and, if treating milk or the like, a wire-gauze strainer should be
placed in the top pan. The bottom pan is formed with any suitable outlets adapted
to direct the treated liquid into the cans or receptacles used for removing it.
The whole apparatus is preferably coated with a tinning or other suitable
inoxidizable solution or coating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. In counter-current apparatus for cooling or warming liquids, the use, in com-
bination, of a series of separate tubular through-ways exteriorly of which the
liquid to be treated descends, each made of an elliptical or approximately elliptical
formation in cross-section, corrugated longitudinally, and provided centrally of its
underside with a depending undulating edge, the series of such tubes being arranged
with a shallow space between the adjacent tubes, and with their major axes
superposed in horizontal or approximately horizontal planes and with their minor
axes aud depending undulating edges in alignment-and of means of supporting the
series at the opposite ends in pairs so as to form one continuous way through which
the cooling or warming liquid ascends, substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In counter-current apparatus for cooling or warming liquids, the use, in com-
bination, of a series of separate tubular through-ways exteriorly of which the
liquid to be treated descends, each made of an elliptical or approximately elliptical
formation in cross section, corrugated longitudinally, and provided centrally of its
underside with a depending undulating edge, the series of such tubes being
arranged with a shallow space between the adjacent tubes, and with their major
axes superposed in horizontal or approximately borizontal planes, and with their

page_text: minor axes and depending undulating edges in alignment ;-and of corresponding end
standards adapted to support the opposite tube ends, a top basin for the liquid to
be treated and a bottom basin for the treated liquid ;-and of removable corre-
sponding boxed or partitioned ends respectively adapted with an inlet and an
outlet for the cooling or warming medium and for connecting the separate elliptical
corrugated drip-edged tubes at their opposite ends in pairs so as to form one
continuous through way for the ascending circulation of the cooling or warming
medium, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 18th day of April 1894.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.