Improvements in and in connection with the Casting or Manufacture of Hollow or other Metal Articles.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with the Casting or Manufacture
of Hollow or other Metal Articles.
I, AUGUST PRYM, of Stolberg, Rhineland, Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows.-
-
The object of this invention is to convert liquid metal into hollow or other
articles or strips of metal consisting of pure and homogeneous metal of great
density, with only a single heating operation, the upper part of the fused metal
being removed, the remainder being then subjected to a strong pressure The
subsequent conversion into the form desired then takes place in the usual manner
in which such articles (as for instance projectiles) are generally made from molten
metal, the only difference being that in the process according to this invention
the material does not escape freely from the press-cylinder, but is forced out under
a counter-pressure.
The operation is as follows Liquid metal is introduced into a cylinder or mould
until its level reaches openings formed therein. Then a plunger on which a
sleeve is adjustably mounted and secured by means of a removable key 18 lowered
whereupon a certain amount of metal is displaced by the head of the plunger and
forced out through the openings This continues until the lower edge of the
sleeve closes the openings All the slag and impurities floating on the surface
of the fused metal are thus removed Then the plunger, together with the sleeve
is forced down by hydraulic or other pressure acting on the disc of the plunger
in the pressure cylinder, so that the metal is strongly compressed and condensed
in the same way as in Whitworth's process for condensing steel
After the metal has been condensed, the key is removed so that the sleeve
becomes free The pressure in the cylinder is then increased and the metal
forced upwards or along the sides of the cylinder or mould The rising metal has
to raise or force out the sleeve the weight of which compresses it still more, where-
by a further advantage is attained by the metal pressed out having a smooth upper
edge and not being of an regular outline or height
After the metal has been suitably forced out, the hydraulic pressure is cut off
from above the piston of the plunger which then rises together with the plunger
and withdraws the compressed hollow article until the sleeve strikes against the
end of the pressure cylinder The plunger, however, continues to move and the
sleeve effects the final removal of the hollow object
The apparatus is then ready for receiving a fresh quantity of molten metal and
repeating the operation described
It is obvious that metal can be pressed out by means of this apparatus into other
than hollow forms, for instance it may be pressed into strips in which case the
plunger-head must be suitably shaped."

page_text: The apparatus may be arranged either vertically or horizontally When it
is horizontal, its arrangement must be a little different from the vertical form.
The operation itself (removing the slag, condensing and compressing) remains
the same in each case.
The metal is admitted into the cylinder or mould through a funnel or opening
then the piston is caused to advance by hydraulic or other pressure in the cylinder
and, as the plunger is in this case stationary and the sleeve held by hydraulic
pressure of other cylinders, the top layer of the metal escapes from the cylinder or
mould until the piston covers the opening or funnel orifice The slag is thus
removed and the metal compressed. Then owing to the pressure in the pressure
oylinder being greater than the pressures in the opposite cylinders that is to say
the pressure acting against the sleeve the metal 18 forced forward between the
plunger and the inner sides of the mould, the sleeve being consequently also
pressed forward before it If the pressure in the pressure cylinder is then cut
off, the sleeve being duiven by the hydraulic pressure in the other and opposite
cylinders effects the removal of the moulded article from the plunger
The apparatus may however when arranged horizontally be constructed the
same way as the vertical form, provided the mlet for the liquid metal is arranged at
the top or upper side
Dated this 9th day of June 1898.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and in connection with the Casting or Manufacture
of Hollow or other Metal Articles.
I, AUGUST PRYM, of Stolberg, Rhineland, Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of thus invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement.-
The object of this invention is to convert hquid metal into hollow or other
articles or strips of metal consisting of pure and homogeneous metal of great
density with only a single heating operation, the upper part of the fused metal
being removed, the remainder being then subjected to a strong pressure
The
subsequent conversion into the form desired then takes place in the usual manner
in which such articles (as for instance projectiles) are generally made from molten
metal, the only difference being that in the process according to this invention
the material does not escape freely from the press-cylinder, but is forced out under
a counter-pressure.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 shows in section a vertical and
Figure 3 a horizontal arrangement and construction of apparatus for carrying
into effect the invention
Figure 2 is a detail view.
The operation is as follows:-Liquid metal 18 introduced into the cylinder or
mould A until its bevel reaches the openings B formed therein Then the
plunger S on which a sleeve D 18 adjustably mounted and secured, say, by means
of a removable key K is lowered, whereupon a certain amount of metal is dis-
placed by the head V of the plunger and forced out through the openings B
This continues until the lower edge of the sleeve D closes the openings B. All
the slag and impurities floating on the surface of the fused metal are thus removed.

page_text: 18
Then the plunger S, together with the sleeve D is forced down by hydraulic or other
pressure acting on the piston J of the plunger S in the pressure cylinder C, so that
the metal is strongly compressed and condensed in a similar manner to that in
Whitworth's process for condensing steel
After the metal has been compressed, the key K 18 removed so that the sleeve D
becomes free. The pressure in the cylinder C is then increased by the metal
forced upwards or along the sides of the cylinder or mould A The rising metal
has to raise or force out the sleeve D the weight of which compresses it still more,
whereby a further advantage is attained by the metal pressed out having a smooth
upper edge and not being of an irregular outline or height.
After the metal has been suitably forced out, the hydraulic or other pressure
18 cut off from above the piston J of the plunger which is then 1aised together
with the plunger S, and withdraws the compressed hollow article until the sleeve D
strikes against the end of the pressure cylinder C. The plunger S however,
continues to move and the sleeve D effects the final removal of the casting or
hollow object
The apparatus is then ready for receiving a fresh quantity of molten metal and
repeating the operation described
It is obvious that metal can be pressed out by means of this apparatus into other
than hollow forms, for instance it may be pressed into strips in which case the
plunger head V must be suitably shaped as for instance as indicated in Figure 2
in which S is the plunger the head of which 18 cut away or grooved at L, forming
a series of projections or ribs Vs.
The apparatus may be arranged either vertically or horizontally. When it 18
horizontal it must be arranged slightly differently from the vertical form shown
in Figure 1, for instance as in Figure 3 in which F is the main pressure cylinder,
H its piston, N piston rod, and P the enlarged head of said rod fitting in the
mould A¹ CC are two counter pressure cylinders with pistons Q, Q, and piston
1ods 0, 0, supporting the sleeve D¹ around a stationary "plunger" 81 secured to
the cylinder stay M
The operation itself (removing the slag condensing and compressing)
remains the same in each case.
The metal is admitted into the cylinder or mould A¹ through a funnel or open-
ing E then the piston H is caused to advance by hydraulic or other pressure in
the cylinder F, and, as the "plunger" 8 18 in this case stationary and the sleeve D¹
18 held by hydraulic pressure, of the counter pressure cylinders C C¹ the top layer
of the metal escapes from the cylinder or mould, A₁ until the piston P covers
the opening or funnel orifice E The slag is thus removed and the metal com-
pressed. Then owing to the pressure in the cylinder F being greater than that
in the counter pressure cylinders C¹ that is to say the pressure acting against
the sleeve D', the metal is forced forward around the head V¹ and between the
"plunger Si and the inner sides of the mould, the sleeve being consequently
also pressed out before it. If the pressure in the cylinder F is then cut off, the
sleeve D being driven by the pressure in the other and opposite cylinders CƠ
will effect the removal of the moulded article from the plunger.
"
"
The apparatus may however when arranged horizontally be constructed in the
same way as the vertical form Figure 1, provided the inlet for the liquid metal
is arranged at the top or upper side as in Figure 3
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;-
1 The manufacture of hollow and other articles from molten metal, charac-
terised by the liquid metal being introduced into a moulding cylinder the upper
or oxidised portion, containing alag and other impurities being pressed out by
moving the moulding cylinder and plunger relatively to one another, and the
metal being then condensed by compression and finally further compressed and

page_text: formed into hollow or other articles between the plunger and the inner wall of
the moulding cylinder substantially as described.
2. The complete apparatus for forming hollow or other metal articles substan-
tially as described or illustrated in Figure 1 or in Figure 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated the eth L 1000