Improvements in or appertaining to the Ventilation of the Lower Decks, Cabins, or other parts of Maritime Vessels
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left. 16th July, 1890-Accepted, 16th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or appertaining to the Ventilation of the Lower
Decks, Cabins, or other parts of Maritime Vessels.
A communication from abroad by MAX Gossi, of Antwerp, in the Kingdom of
Belgium.
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
--
This invention has for its object improvements in the system of ventilation
described in the Specification of English Letters Patent dated 20 May 1884
No. 7967, and more especially in the arrangements relating to ventilating shafts.
One improvement consists in using the ventilating shafts as desired for either upcast
or downcast shafts, which is attained by placing cocks for one or more tubes of com-
pressed air below these shafts in such a manner that the compressed air can enter at
any required degree of pressure, thus allowing the draught to be regulated at will ;
by opening the taps it becomes a discharge shaft, whilst on closing them it is a
A second improvement is
downcast shaft, the external air being then able to enter.
in the ventilating shafts themselves, and has for its object the arrangement of thein in
such a way that the covers need not be removed and they need not be hermetically
closed in bad weather, the necessity of doing which has a disastrous effect as regards
the atmosphere in the interior of the ship. In order to obviate these drawbacks
the ventilators are constructed as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on the annexed
drawings.
Figure 1 shows a ventilator of which the upper end is curved down in such a way
that the orifice opens downwards and is turned towards the front. It is evident that
while permitting ventilation by the entrance of the external air neither wind, rain
nor waves can enter even in the stormiest weather. Figure 2 is a plan view of this
shaft.
In Figure 3 a modified form is shown in which the desired effect is attained by
surrounding the upper end of the shaft with a cylinder of a larger diameter with or
without a top cover; here again neither wet nor waves can penetrate into the shaft
whilst the ventilation of the interior of the ship is always maintained.
The cylinder or external cover may be supported on the shaft by means of arms
and a suitable ring, or it can be supported by iron or other rods fixed in the deck
and be adjustable in height so as to move the cover further from or nearer to the
orifice as may be desired.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of this arrangement.
Figures 5 and 6 are vertical and horizontal sections respectively, showing the top
directly supported by an external case of equal diameter of which it forms the upper
end, the lower walls of this cover being perforated so as to permit the inflow of the
external air and the exit of any water which may have accumulated between the shaft
and the cover.
These arrangements are of the greater utility for ventilation in stormy weather
because it is precisely then that there are more people sea-sick.
Dated this 15th day of October 1889.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant..

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or appertaining to the Ventilation of the Lower
Decks, Cabins, or other parts of Maritime Vessels.
A communication from abroad by MAX Gossi, of Antwerp, in the Kingdom of
Belgium.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6 Bank Street, Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in the system of ventilation described
in the Specification of English Letters Patent dated 20 May 1884 No. 7967, and
more especially in the arrangements relating to ventilating shafts.
One improvement consists in using the ventilating shafts as desired for either
upcast or downcast shafts, which is attained by placing cocks for one or more tubes of
compressed air below these shafts in such a manner that the compressed air can enter
at any required degree of pressure, or at any velocity required, thus allowing the
draught to be regulated at will; by opening the taps it becomes a discharge shaft,
whilst on closing them it is a downcast shaft, the external air being then able to enter.
A second improvement is in the ventilating shafts themselves, and has for its object
the arrangement of them in such a way that the covers need not be removed and
they need not be hermetically closed in bad weather, the necessity of doing which has
a disastrous effect as regards the atmosphere in the interior of the ship. In
order to obviate these drawbacks, the ventilators are constructed as shown in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and on the drawings accompanying the Provisional
Specification, and on Figure 7, filed herewith.
Figure 1 shows a ventilator of which the upper end is curved down in such a way
that the orifice opens downwards and is turned towards the front. It is evident that
while permitting ventilation by the entrance of the external air, neither excess of
wind nor rain nor waves can enter even in the stormiest weather. Figure 2 is a plan
view of Figure 1. In place of being constructed with a single large orifice, the shaft
can be contracted and the sides of the ventilator can be perforated with any required
number of openings surrounded with smaller tubes similarly pointed towards the deck.
In Figure 3, a modified form is shown in which the desired effect is attained by
surrounding the upper end of the shaft with a cylinder of a larger diameter, with or
without a top cover; here again neither wet nor waves can penetrate into the shaft
whilst the ventilation of the interior of the ship may be always maintained.
The cylinder or external cover may be supported on the shaft by means of arms
and a suitable ring, or it can be supported by iron or other rods fixed in the deck and
be adjustable in height so as to move the cover further from or nearer to the orifice as
may be desired.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of Figure 3.
Figures 5 and 6 are vertical and horizontal sections respectively, showing the top
directly supported by an external case of equal diameter throughout, of which it forms
the upper end, the lower portions of the walls of this cover being perforated so as to
permit the inflow of the external air and the exit of any water which may have
accumulated between the. shaft and the cover.
Figure 7 represents more particularly an arrangement of the same kind in which it
is not necessary to employ very lofty covers. It consists in fixing, at some height above
the orifice of the ventilating shaft, on iron rods or their equivalent, a hood t slightly
larger in diameter than the diameter of the ventilating shaft; the whole is
surrounded by a shield rising a little higher than the capt and having openings
at its base to allow any water to escape which may accumulate between the cover
and the shaft.

page_text: In order to allow direct access of fresh air to the between decks, openings of any
desired size are made in the upper part of the vertical doors giving access to the
between decks. On the outside of each of these doors over this opening, a cover or
hood of metal or other material is fixed. This cover or hood descends the requisite
distance below the lower edge of the opening and is open at its lower end at which
point it is provided with an external casing similar to those above described, or with
a double perforated bottom. By this means, sea water or excess of wind cannot pass
through the hood and penetrate into the between decks, yet the fresh air can freely
circulate through the hood. Similar openings may be made and apparatus arranged
at all parts of the hurricane decks; the air can be conveyed to the between decks
from these apparatus by means of pipes adjusted to the inner sides of the openings on
the hurricane decks.
In order to give a regular and sufficient draught to the ventilating shafts of a
certain height, such as the shafts of the lower deck, currents of compressed air
travelling, from beneath, upwards are arranged at given distances.
These arrangements are of the greater utility for ventilation in stormy weather,
because it is then that more people suffer from sea-sickness.
All the methods described in this Specification and in my correspondent's previous
Patents can be used for ventilating large buildings, such as theatres, hospitals,
factories, etcetera. For this purpose, there are employed, according to the mode of
construction and other conditions of the buildings and the requirements of the
ventilation :-
1st. One or more discharging shafts and fresh air inlets for each building.
2nd. Pipes of masonry, wood, metal, etcetera, of any suitable dimensions, com-
municating singly or in conjunction with each other, with these discharge shafts.
To regulate the draught of these shafts, currents of compressed air are arranged
beneath and inside them, at given distances, at any height of the shafts. Tubes,
fitted with mouthpieces or funnels of any suitable shape or form, bring to these shafts
the vitiated air collected in any part of the buildings or premises. To regulate the
draught of these tubes, they have, at their orifices and along their course, nozzles
emitting currents of compressed air in the direction of the course of the tubes whether
that be horizontal, oblique or otherwise.
These tubes, after having traversed the walls of the shafts, are prolonged and
curved up in such a way that their orifice is situated, inside the shaft, horizontally
and turned upwards. In this manner, the initial velocity of the heated and vitiated
air which they bring is expended in an upward direction. The shafts guiding the
currents (which may be induced by compressed air or by fires) can in this manner
receive the vitiated or heated air conveyed by the pipes from all the stories without
their draught being diminished thereby. In order to obtain a draught for the dis-
charge shafts, any suitable method of heating, instead of currents of compressed air,
can be used. The apertures for admitting air can be made anywhere according to
the necessities of the ventilation, and the conditions of the buildings or premises.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
In apparatus for ventilating the interior of ships or other maritime vessels :-
1. The herein described arrangement of nozzles and compressed air tubes in the
lower part of the ventilating shaft, in such a manner as to cause therein, during the
admission of the compressed air, an induced current of air to flow from the interior,
which it is desired to ventilate, to the outside, for the purpose of making it a discharge
shaft, or (by shutting off the compressed air) of making it an inflow shaft, substantially
as set forth.
2. The arrangement of ventilating shafts in such a manner that the inflow of the
external air is rendered possible, while the entrance of rain, waves, or an excess of
wind during wet or stormy weather is prevented by (1) a curved shaft with the
orifice of its outlet turning in a downward direction, or several smaller orifices

page_text: directed towards the deck, substantially as described and shown in Figures 1 and 2 ;
or (2) the caps or shields (with or without covers) supported either on the ventilating
shafts themselves, or on rods fixed on the deck round the shaft, or on a perforated
casing surrounding the shaft and fixed on the deck, substantially as described and shown
in Figures 3 to 6 inclusive of the drawings; or, (3) the application of a hood t on the
ventilating shaft and a shield surrounding the said shaft, and rising to or above the
height of the hood t aforesaid, the said shield being perforated at the bottom to allow
any water which may happen to accumulate to escape, substantially as described and
shown in Figure 7, of the accompanying drawing.
3. The arrangement on the doors of the between decks of a tube fitted on an upper
aperture in the door and communicating with the lower aperture of the pipe,
admitting thus fresh air without allowing water to penetrate, substantially as
described.
4. The application of the above described system of ventilation to buildings as well
as ships in a manner suitable to their various requirements and modes of construction,
substantially as herein described.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.