In- PROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hankinson Luke, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME."
Sealed the 20th August 1869, and dated the 13th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hankinson Luke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th May 1869.
I, HANKINSON LUKE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE
BAXE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in dispensing with the cords, pulleys, and
weights usually employed to counterbalance window sashes, and in
employing in lieu thereof a spring shot bolt or other equivalent with
an antifriction bowl at its end acting in an inclined groove in the
window frame when the shot bolt is attached to the sash, or in
the window sash when the shot bolt is attached to the window

page_text: frame. A self-acting break is applied to the bowl to prevent it
rotating when the sash is not in motion; this break consists of a
wood or other block which is acted upon by a catch. These im-
provements in window sashes are applicable to railway and other
carriages.
My improvements in fastenings for window sashes consist in making
them self-acting, so that when the sashes are closed the fastening is
secured. The fastening consists of a jointed catch fixed to one end of
a double lever, the other end of which has a bowl covered with india-
rubber or other elastic material; the circumference of this bowl projects
slightly beyond the sash, and when the sashes are closed the bowl
forces out the catch, which then hooks on a striking plate in the top
sash.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hankinson Luke in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HANKINSON
LUKE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Iron-
monger, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Hankinson Luke, Her special licence
that I, the said Hankinson Luke, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Hankinson Luke, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDOW SASHES, AND IN FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Hankinson Luke, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hankinson Luke, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in dispensing with the cords, pulleys, and
weights usually employed to counterbalance window sashes, and in
employing in lieu thereof a spring shot bolt or. other equivalent with
an antifriction bowl at its end acting in an inclined groove in the
window frame when the shot bolt is attached to the sash, or in the
window sash when the shot bolt is attached to the window frame.
self-acting break, may be applied to the bowl to prevent it rotating
when the sash is not in motion; this break consists of a wood or other
block which is acted upon by a catch. These improvements in window
sashes are applicable to railway and other carriages.
A
My improvements in fastenings for window sashes consist in making
them self-acting, so that when the sashes are closed the fastening is
secured. The fastening consists of a jointed catch fixed to one end of
a double lever, the other end of which has a bowl covered with india-
rubber or other elastic material; the circumference of this bowl pro-
jects slightly beyond the sash, and when the sashes are closed the
bowl forces out the catch, which then hooks on a striking plate in the
top sash.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and
readily carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and
letters marked thereon.
Figures 1 and 2 represent an elevation and edge view of a window
frame, to which the first part of my Invention is applied. a is the outer
frame; b, the upper window sash; and c, the lower sash; the boxes d
contain the shot bolts e and antifriction bowls f; two of these shot
bolts, shewn detached in Figures 3, 4, and 5 are required for each
window sash. The boxes d, with the shot bolts e, are fastened into the

page_text: frame a; those for the upper sash b are placed a little above the meet-
ing bar of the sashes, and those for the lower sash c a little below the
meeting bar, as shewn on a reduced scale in Figures 1 and 2. The
window sashes b and c have inclined grooves / cut in their edges, in
and against which grooves the antifriction bowls f are pressed by the
springs g; the grooves k in the upper sash b start from the top of the
sash and gradually deepen till they come to the meeting bar, near to
which they cease; in the lower sash e the grooves k start from just
below the meeting bar and stop near the bottom of the sash, as shewn
in Figures 1 and 2. A plate of hard wood or metal c¹, see Figure 1,
is fastened to the lower sash c, against which the antifriction bowl f
rests while the windows are closed. The action of these shot bolts is as
follows: When the lower sash is being raised the friction between it
and the antifriction bowls f cause the latter to revolve; this revolving
motion, combined with the incline of the grooves k, assist to raise the
weight of the sash or window. The springs are sufficiently strong to
support the sash in any position to which it is moved. By using these
'improved shot bolts the cords, pulleys, and weights now required to
counterbalance the sashes are dispensed with.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 represent an elevation, section, and plan, full size,
of the shot bolt. d is the box or case, which is fastened by screws to
the window frame; e, the bolt which carries the antifriction bowl f; a
spring g is held in the box d between the bolt e and bottom piece h;
the hole in the box d and the hole in the bolt e are for holding
the bolt e back when the window sashes are taken out for repairs or
otherwise. For this object small screws j, see Figures 1 and 2, are let
into the frames a opposite to the holes i in the boxes d by screwing
up the screws when the bowls fare in the position shewn in the lower
sash in Figure 1; the screws ; will pass through the holes i and i', thus
securing the bolt e to the box d. To remove the upper sash b it is
necesary to lower it until the bowl f is pushed back to the furthest
point by the groove k, when the screws j may be screwed through the
box d and bolt e, as above described. After replacing the sash or
sashes the screws j must be loosened to liberate the shot bolts. It will
be seen by referring to Figures 4 and 5 that the shot bolt e has two
flattened sides, and that the box d at its upper end has two flat edges on
its interior surface, these are to prevent the bolt e and bowl f from

page_text: twisting in the box d, and to hold the bolt e in the box d.
acting break may be used in combination with the shot bolt.
A self-
Figures 6 and 7 shew an elevation and plan of my improved self-
acting window fastening, in which is a metal plate fixed to the meet-
ing bar of the lower window sash; m is the jointed catch connected to
one end of the double lever n; to the other end of the lever n is secured
a small bowl or roller o of india-rubber or other elastic material; the
lever n has its fulcrum p. The Drawing represents the fastening in
the position it occupies when the sashes are open; the bowl o projects
beyond the face of the plate l, see Figure 7; the jointed catch m being
even with the face of the striking plate through a slot in which it
passes when the bowl o is pushed back. On shutting the windows the
projecting part of the bowl o is struck by the meeting bar of the opposite
sash, thus causing the double lever n to swing on its fulcrum p; the
catch m is by this means pushed into a striking plate let into the
opposite meeting bar, thus fastening the window. The jointed catch m
may be released by moving the pin q fastened to the lever n.
The pin q
may be connected to the catch m and project through the front meeting
bar, as shewn by dotted lines.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 shew a modification of my improved window
fastening and inclined plate for locking the same.
In these views / is
a hollow tube cast with or fastened to the plate ; inside the plate / is
a spindle n provided at one end with a handle r, at the other end with
a small catch n¹ and antifriction roller o of india-rubber; a pin n³ is
fastened between the tube and spindle n, between which pin n' and
a shoulder on the spindle n the spring t is retained to hold the catch
end of the spindle n in its working position, as shewn in Figures 8 and 9.
The inclined plate s, seen in position in Figure 9, is fastened to the
meeting bar of the upper sash. To the spindle n is fixed a small key n³
used for locking the windows when they are closed, or if required the
catch n' can be withdrawn from the plate s into the tube and locked
in that position. The plate has a slot cut in it through which the
key n³ may be drawn when the key and slot are in line with one another.
In Figure 9 the catch n' is resting unlocked in the inclined plate s; to
lock it the handler must be turned partly round, this will bring the
key n³ into the position shewn in Figure 11, and lock the catch n' in
the plates, the catch cannot now be drawn back without turning the

page_text: handle to bring the key n³ and slot in the plate into line again.
The spring between the handler and plate may be placed within
the tube between the plate and pin n³.
Figures 12 and 13 represent another modification of my improved
window fastenings. In these views is the tube in which the spindle n
moves to and fro; a handler is fixed to the spindle, at the other end a
screw thread is cut upon it; a spring t is held in the tube between the
plate and the shoulder on the spindle n.
Figures 14 and 15 are an elevation and section of the striking plate
or nut s. The end of the spindle n is tapered and round to allow it to
slip into the plate's when the windows are being closed. The fastening
may be secured by turning the handle r, thus screwing the spindle n
into the nut s. The window fastenings shewn in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are self-acting.
Figure 16 represents another application of the shot bolt previously
described in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. In this case the
box d is secured to the carriage or other window frame at the bottom or
top as most convenient. The Drawing represents only one shot bolt, two
bolts would however be required, one on each end of the frame b, with
corresponding grooves in the outer framing.
Figure 17 is a front elevation and Figure 18 an end elevation of a
railway carriage door and window to which my improved shot bolt is
applied. a is the door and 6 the window frame, to the lower edge of
which is fastened a metal box d, carrying the antifriction rollers f.
These rollers are kept extended against the inclined planes k by means
of a spring or springs in the box d.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and shewn several
modes of putting the same into operation, I wish to remark that I do
not intend to limit myself to the details here given, as the safe may be
considerably modified without departing from the peculiar nature of my
Invention; but what I do claim is,-
First. The use of the spring shot bolts e, as shewn and described, or
any modification of the same whereby the cords, pulleys, and weights
heretofore required to counterbalance window sashes are dispensed with.
Secondly. I claim the inclined grooves and planes k, whether in the
window sashes or window frames.

page_text: And, thirdly. The improved self-acting fastenings for window sashes,
s shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hankinson Luke, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of November One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
HANKINSON LUKE. (L.S.)