IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DIVIDING, MARKING OUT, AND CUTTING BEVILLED TOOTHED WHEELS.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DIVIDING,
MARKING OUT, AND CUTTING BEVILLED TOOTHED WHEELS.' -A communi-
cation from abroad by Nicholas Tous y Mirapeix, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
"
Sealed the 17th March 1874, and dated the 12th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th December 1873.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
5 Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DIVIDING,
MARKING OUT, AND CUTTING BEVILLED TOOTHED WHEELS," to be as follows:-.
The object of this Invention is to divide, mark out, and plane the
surfaces of the teeth of bevilled tooth wheels,

page_text: The dividing of the wheel into teeth is effected by means of a dividing
plate or wheel having a number of divisions corresponding to the
number of teeth to be produced.
The marking out of the teeth is effected by means of two motions which
act simultaneously; one is the rotation of the wheel (to be traced or 5
marked out) around its own axis, and the other is also a rotary motion
but of the tool round a point which is the apex of the cone of the
wheel.
The motion of the tool is uniform, but is not such as that of the wheel,
for it is determined by the change of position of a steel tracing point or 1
style which bears on the surface of a matrix or pattern of the same
metal, and of a form corresponding to the profile of the tooth to be
produced.
In order to plane out the face of the teeth a pointed tool is employed
to which reciprocating motion is imparted, so that the successive strokes 1
or lines which it describes may be radii of a circle, the centre of which
is the summit or apex of the cone of the wheel.
By combining the movements of the tracing point on the face of the
teeth of the pattern with that of the cutting tool a conical surface is
produced on the wheel corresponding to the pattern.
2
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the 2
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward

page_text: Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DIVIDING, MARKING OUT, AND CUTTING
BEVILLED TOOTHED WHEELS," being a communication to me from abroad by
Nicholas Tous y Mirapeix, of Paris, in the Republic of France, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
:-
The object of this Invention is to divide, mark out, and cut the
surfaces of the tecth of bevilled toothed wheels.
The dividing action of this machine differs very slightly from the
action of other dividing machines for dividing flat surfaces.
The marking out of the teeth is effected by means of two movements
which act simultaneously; one is the rotation of the wheel (to be traced
or marked out) round its own axis, and the other is also a rotary motion
but of the tool round a point which is the apex of the cone of the
wheel.
The movement of the tool is uniform, but is not similar to that of the
wheel, for it is determined by the change of position of a steel tracing
point or style which bears on the surface of a matrix or pattern of the.
same metal, and of a form corresponding to the profile of the tooth to
be cut.
In order to cut out the surfaces of the teeth a pointed tool is employed

page_text: strokes or lines which it describes may be radii of a circle, the centre of
which is the summit or apex of the cone of the wheel.
By combining the movements of the tracing point on the face of the
teeth of the pattern with that of the cutting tool, a conical surface is
produced on the wheel corresponding to the pattern.
In the accompanying Drawings Figures 1 and 3, Sheet I., are
respectively a general plan and elevation of the machine; Fig. 2, Sheet
I., is an end elevation of the machine. All these Figures are drawn to a
scale of one-fifth the real size.
Figures 1ª, 2, and 3ª, Sheet II. represent various views of the shaft of
the head of the lathe with the dividing apparatus at one end, and at the
other the plate to which the wheel is attached. Figures 4 and 5, Sheet
II., represent the tool carrier, and the manner of imparting the recipro-
cating motion to the tool. Figures 6 and 7 show the bridlo piece or
head stock for connecting the motions. All these Figures are drawn to
a scale of one-fifth the real size.
By inspecting the Drawings it may be seen that all the parts of the
machine are mounted on a single frame, and consequently the whole
will be perfectly solid and strong.
The machine is composed of three essential parts, which are, first,
the head stock and bridle piece for connecting the different motions of
the tool carrier. The head stock is very similar to those used in ordinary
lathes. Its shaft (on the other side of the wheel to be divided) carries
an arm A at the end of which is a slot through which passes a bolt
which attaches it to one of the arms of the said wheel, so that when the
fly wheel (which acts as a nut) is pressed the wheel to be divided
becomes fixed to the arm A, and consequently to the axle of the bridle
piece. When this nut is loosened the arm A may receive a slight move-
ment from the pattern in order to make the axle revolve; and as the slot
in the arm is oblong the wheel to be divided can receive no pressure or
movement. The face plate Z is also fixed to the axle, and behind the
said face plate is another arm X (loose on the axle), and which carries
the matrix or pattern which is to govern the shape of the teeth.
The clliptical piece » may be placed at any required distance from the
arm, so that the distance of the pattern from the centre of the axle
should be equal to the radius of the wheel to be operated on.
The arm
✗ carries a bolt's the head of which fits into the groove or hollow t of

page_text: the face plate, so that when the pattern has a tendency to force back the
face plate, while the tooth is being cut the bolt is tightened, then the
arm and consequently the pattern becomes fixed to the face plate.
When on the contrary the tooth, being finished, the wheel is required to
turn round the distance of one tooth in order to make the next one, the
bolts is loosened and the pattern becomes independent of the face plate
which can then turn round without carrying the pattern with it. This
latter presses upon a style or steel tracing point c which has a change of
position communicated to it.
In order that the pattern should exercise a constant pressure upon the
tracing point a weight is attached to the arm X and acts directly upon
the hook x, or it may be with a leading block z, according to whether it
be the upper or under surface of the tooth that is under operation.
Motion is given to the machine by means of a series of conical pulleys
E, which, passing outside the frame of the machine carries at the centre
the bevil wheel which communicates motion to the tool, and to the
extremity a pinion ƒ which gears into a wheel F, Figures 2, 3, 5, and 6.
By means of a connecting rod g this wheel communicates motion to a
ratchet wheel G at the end of an axle h, and which by means of bevil
and spur wheels gives motion to the worm shaft i. By this means is
effected the change of position of the tracing point which bears against
the pattern.
Behind the ratchet wheel is a toothed wheel K which
communicates motion to another wheel L, which turns the axle 7, see
Figures 6 and 7. The other end of this axle carries a worm m, Fig. 1,
which gears into a segment of the worm wheel M fixed to the upper
part of the tool carrier, and which makes it turn round its own axis, and
which travels along the generating line of the cone of the wheel to be
operated on.
The result of the combination of the movements of the axles h and
would be as follows:-It is absolutely necessary that the pitch of the
worm i, Figures 1, 2, and 3, should be the same as that of the worm m,
so that while the index is passing over the surface of the pattern, the
tool will be working from the end to the bottom of the tooth, but as the
generating lines 1, 2, of the wheel which it is desired to cut are different
in every wheel, the wheel L must be changed so that the number of its
teeth may be equal to the number of centimetres contained in the
generating line 1, 2. If this does not contain the exact number the
marking out of the pattern would be effected by following a conical

page_text: section, in which the generating line would correspond to the exact
length in centimetres. In constructing it care should be taken to give
the exact number of centimetres to the radius of the worm wheel M, and
to the wheel K as many teeth as there are centimetres in the radius of
the worm wheel M. The machine being arranged in this manner, the tool
will occupy the same length of time in going from the end to the bottom
of the tooth as the index takes to go over the whole of the pattern.
The tool carrier (Sheet II.) is constructed of two pieces, one piece N
(of which) is fixed to the general frame while the machine is at work,
and the other piece O turns by means of the wheel M round a cast-iron
axle o belonging to the fixed portion. On the moveable portion is the
carriage of the tool carrier and to which motion is communicated by the
shaft P by means of bevil wheels, three of which belong to the fixed
portion, the remaining one turning with the moveable part.
The reciprocating movement of the carriage of the tool carrier is
effected by means of toothed wheels in the usual manner employed in
planing machines.
The fixed position of the tool carrier is obtained by means of the
screw q in such a way that its axis coincides at the top with the axis of
the cone of the wheel to be operated upon.
METHOD OF WORKING THE MACHINE.
The wheel to be operated upon being fixed and placed on the face plate,
the pattern should be mounted on the arm X and arranged at a distance
from the centre equal to the radius of the pitch line of the wheel on
which should be marked out the shape of the tooth. The wheels of the 2
divider and of the headstock or bridle piece being arranged in accordance
with the number of teeth, and to the length of the generating line 1, 2,
of the cone of the wheel, the centre of the tool carrier should be adjusted
to the top of the cone by means of the screw q. The tool should then
be fixed in such a way that its point should be in the same horizontal 3
plane as the axis of the cone, and so that its cutting line should pass by
the top of the said conc. The machine being ready for operation the
upper or lower surface of the tooth should be placed in contact with the
tool by loosening the screw a, and tightening the screw s.
In this way
the axle is rendered independent of the wheel Z, and consequently also 3
of the movement of the divider. The machine should then be put into
motion and the tool will mark out on the conical surface the enerating

page_text: lines, while the pattern will present the profile of the tooth as far as the
bottom, then the tool is withdrawn by means of the excentric r, and
produces the same effect in the same time upon the index of the pattern.
The surface of one tooth is then complete; and in order to make another,
the nut of the screw a should be loosened, and that of the screw s
tightened; in this way the axle and the object wheel become fixed to the
dividing apparatus and independent of the pattern. The conical wheel
should then be made to revolve the distance of one tooth by means of
the dividing motion, this may be done by loosening the screws and
tightening a, carrying out the operation explained above and repeating
the operation for each tooth. All the teeth being complete on one side,
the pattern and index should be turned bottom upwards, and the
position of the weight changed, so that it always presses against the
index, and finally the tool is fixed to work on this new face in the same
way as it did on the other side.
The machine may be made of any requisite size to work upon large or
small wheels. In short, the object of this Invention is to secure the
principle of the arrangement of the several parts, and th practical
operation of the above described machine for dividing, marking out, and
cutting the teeth of bevil wheels, and which is founded on two simul-
taneous movements, which are,—
First. A rotating movement of the marking wheel round its own
axis.
Second. A rotating motion of the tool round a point which is the apex
of the cone of the said wheel.
Lalaim finally the peculiar arrangement of parts by which the motion
of the cone of the said wheel.
I claim finally the peculiar arrangement of parts by which the motion
necessary far the successful working of the several parts of the machine
are obtained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twelfth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.