Improvements in Apparatus for Hulling, Polishing, and Cleaning Barley.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 8th Oct., 1391-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Hulling, Polishing, and Cleaning
Barley.
We, JULIUS SZAWINSKY, Machinist, and STELIAN GROZEA, Merchant, both of
Braila, in the Kingdom of Roumania, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to apparatus for hulling, polishing and cleaning barley, for
use in connection with thrashing machines. By the apparatus constructed according
to the said invention the barley is not only freed from chaff and weeds, but the
grains are also hulled, polished and cleaned so that they obtain a bright colour and
a smooth surface and become hard and thin shelled in short acquire all the properties
which distinguish barley of the best quality. Heretofore the thrashed barley has
not been hulled and polished in the thrashing machine itself, use being made of
special apparatus for this purpose.
The improved apparatus comprises a drum of sheet iron or sheet steel driven
through the medium of the main or other suitable shaft of the thrashing machine,
which drum is provided on its periphery with fine teeth similarly to a grater, and
furthermore with small vanes arranged in spiral lines upon the periphery of the
drum. This drum is enclosed in a casing likewise made of sheet iron or sheet steel,
which closely surrounds the aforesaid drum. Upon its inner surface the said casing
is provided with numerous fine elevations similar to those of a grater, against which
the grains of barley to be hulled and polished are forced by the vanes on the drum.
By reason of the spiral arrangement of the said vanes the grains of barley are
conducted from the end of the drum which is opposite the inlet to the other end
where they are cleansed by means of an air current from the adhering impurities,
chaff and the like. Finally the grains are freed upon shaking-sieves from. such
parts as may still adhere to them, and are sifted at the same time.
After the separation of the grains from the straw has taken place in the
thrashing machine the grains are transported to a chamber containing two trans-
porters through the medium of which they are conveyed into a drum in which
beaters operate to throw them against the sides of the drum and thereby free them
from the adhering coarser dirt. The chaff and the grains are next caused to pass
upon a sieve where the chaff is blown away by means of an air-current produced
by a fan.
Now if the barley which has been thrashed in the machine is also to be
hulled, polished and cleaned, we provide the improved apparatus in the thrashing
machine. The drum employed in this apparatus is preferably made of sheet
steel. Its outer periphery is provided with numerous fine elevations which may
be produced in a similar manner as is the case with sheet metal for graters,
the sheet metal being punched from the inside by means of a triangular or
square-pointed tool so that the sharp edges produced on the other side of the
sheet metal serve as rubbing and cutting edges. The said drum is moreover
provided with small vanes arranged in spiral lines upon its outer periphery
upon which they are rivetted or otherwise fixed. These vanes are at a distance
of about three centimetres from each other, and their height is such that they
leave only very little clearance say about half a millimetre, between them and
the inner periphery of the casing which surrounds the drum. The vanes present
some oblique surfaces so that they will push the grains of barley before them
and towards the extremity of the drum. Owing to the spiral arrangement of
the vanes on the drum the rotation of the latter causes the grains to move to
the end of the said drum. This rotation is effected through the medium of a

page_text: belt pulley connected with the main or other suitable shaft of the machine.
The above mentioned casing which surrounds the drum is immovably fixed in
the thrashing machine and is roughened like a grater upon its inner surface in
a similar manner as the aforesaid drum. The points of the elevations thus
formed on the casing are turned towards the drum so that the grains of barley
passing between the drum and casing are acted upon by both. An inlet and
outlet are provided in the casing.
The grains of barley coming from the above-mentioned sieve fall upon an inclined
slide or flap which can be opened and closed from the outside, and are thence
admitted through an aperture which latter is adapted to be closed by a slide, in
case the barley does not require to be hulled, polished and cleaned. Then the grain
drops by the side of the drum immediately into the lower part of the machine.
When the aforesaid aperture is not covered the grains of barley are conducted
to the drum and are hulled and polished in the above described manner as the yanes
cause them to pass to the outlet orifice in the casing.
On leaving the drum the hulled and polished grains fall upon a sieve stretched as
usual in a frame which is suspended in a suitable manner and possesses a journal on
either side.
Each of these journals is connected through the medium of a draw rod with a
crank shaft driven in any suitable manner from the main shaft of the machine,
preferably by means of belts. By reason of the rotation of this crank shaft the
journals are rapidly moved to and fro so as to shake the sieve and cause the barley
falling upon it to be sifted in an appropriate manner.
As the barley leaves the casing around the drum and passes over the inclined
board to the sieve it is cleansed from the adhering dirt through the medium of an
air-current produced by a fan, which current carries away the chaff from the grains
and transports it over the aforesaid sieve to an outlet. In case other corn than
barley is to be thrashed, that is to say when the hulling, polishing and cleaning
operations hereinbefore described are not required, the above mentioned slide or
flap is closed, and the action of the drum is discontinued by throwing off the two
belts for actuating the drum and the shaking sieve, the thrashing taking place in the
ordinary manner. The corn does not then pass to the drum but drops past the
same directly to the lower part of the machine.
Dated this 8th day of January 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Hulling, Polishing, and Cleaning
Barley.
We, JULIUS SZAWINSKY, Machinist, and STELIAN GROZEA, Merchant, both of
Braila, in the Kingdom of Roumania, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to apparatus for hulling, polishing and cleaning barley for
use in connection with thrashing machines. By the apparatus constructed according
to the said invention the barley is not only freed from chaff and weeds but the
grains are also hulled, polished and cleaned so that they obtain a bright colour and
a smooth surface and become hard and thin shelled, and in short acquire all the
properties which distinguish barley of the best quality. Heretofore the thrashed
barley has not been hulled and polished in the thrashing machine itself, use being
made of special apparatus for this purpose.
The improved apparatus comprises a drum of sheet iron or sheet steel which is
adapted to be rotated through the medium of a main or other suitable shaft of the

page_text: thrashing machine: This drum is provided on its periphery with fine teeth similarly
to a grater, and furthermore with small vanes arranged in spiral lines upon its
periphery. It is enclosed in a casing likewise made of sheet iron or sheet-steel
which closely surrounds the aforesaid drum. Upon its inner surface the said casing
is provided with numerous fine elevations similar to those of a grater against which
the grains of barley to be hulled and polished are forced by the vanes on the drum.
By reason of the spiral arrangement of the said vanes the grains of barley are con-
ducted from the end of the drum which is opposite the inlet to the other end where
they are cleansed by means of an air-current from the adhering impurities, chaff
and the like. The grains are then freed upon shaking-sieves from such parts as
may still adhere to them and are sifted at the same time.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 represents the improved apparatus in vertical transverse section taken
through the part of the thrashing machine which is situated behind, that is to say,
at the point where the grains arrive after they have been thrashed from the
straw.
Figure 2 shows a vertical transverse section taken through the improved hulling
and polishing drum, and
Figure 3 shows one of the small vanes with which the hulling and polishing drum
is provided.
After the separation of the grains from the straw has taken place in the thrashing
machine, the grains are transported in the well known manner to the point A where
the aforesaid operations commence. From this point the grains are conveyed by
the transporters B and C to the left hand side into a drum D in which beaters d
operate to throw them against the sides of the drum and thereby free them from
the adhering coarser dirt. The chaff and the grains are next caused to pass upon
a sieve E where the chaff is blown away by means of an air-current produced by a
fan D¹.
If the barley after it has been thrashed is also to be hulled polished and cleaned
we arrange the improved apparatus within the thrashing machine. The drum F
employed in this apparatus is preferably made of sheet steel. Its outer periphery
is provided with numerous fine elevations partly shown at which may be produced
in a similar manner as is the case with sheet metal for graters, the sheet metal
being punched from the inside by means of a triangular or square pointed tool so
that the sharp edges produced on the other side of the sheet-metal serve as rubbing
and cutting edges. The said drum has moreover small vanes arranged in spiral lines
upon its outer periphery upon which they are rivetted or otherwise fixed. These
vanesare at a distance of about three centimetres from each other and their height
is such that they leave only very little clearance, say about half a millimetre
between them and the inner periphery of the casing G which surrounds the drum F
(see also transverse section, Figure 2 and a single vane Figure 3). The vanes
present somewhat oblique surfaces so that they will push the grains of barley before
them and towards the extremity of the drum. Owing to the spiral arrangement of
the vanes on the drum the rotation of the latter causes the grains to move to the
This
end of the said drum, when the drum is rotated in the direction of the arrow.
rotation is effected through the medium of a belt pulley F' connected with the
main or other suitable shaft of the thrashing machine.
The casing G which surrounds the drum is immovably fixed in the thrashing
machine and is roughened like a grater upon its inner surface in a similar manner
as the drum F.
As shown in Figure 2, the points of the elevations thus formed on the casing are
turned towards the drum so that the grains of barley passing between the drum and
casing are acted upon by both. An inlet H and outlet J are provided in the
casing G. The grains of barley coming from the sieve E fall upon an inclined
slide or flap L which can be opened and closed from the outside, and are thence
admitted to the interior of the casing through the inlet H, which latter is adapted
to be closed by a slide, in case the barley does not require to be hulled polished

page_text: and cleaned. Then the grain drops by the side of the drum immediately into the
lower part of the machine.
When the aforesaid inlet is not covered the grains of barley are conducted to the
drum and are hulled and polished in the above described manner as the vanes cause
them to pass to the outlet J in the casing.
On leaving the drum through J the hulled and polished grains fall upon a sieve
stretched as usual in a frame which is suspended in a suitable manner and provided
with a journal k on either side.
Each of these journals k is connected through the medium of a draw rod with a
crank shaft driven in any suitable manner from the main shaft of the thrashing
machine, preferably by means of belts. By reason of the rotation of this crank
shaft (which is not specially shown) the journals are rapidly moved to and fro so as
to shake the sieve K and cause the barley falling upon it to be sifted in an appro-
priate manner. As the barley leaves the casing around the drum and passes over the
inclined board K' to the sieve it is cleansed from the adhering dirt through the
medium of an air-current produced by a fan V which current carries away the chaff
from the grains and transports it over the aforesaid sieve to the outlet O. In case
other grain than barley is to be thrashed that is to say when the hulling polishing
and cleaning operations hereinbefore described are not required the slide or flap L
is closed, and the action of the drum is discontinued by throwing off the two belts
for actuating the drum and the shaking sieve, the thrashing taking place in the
ordinary manner. The grain does not then pass to the drum but drops past the
same directly to the lower part of the thrashing machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. In combination with a thrashing machine an apparatus for hulling,
polishing and cleaning barley, which is operated by the shaft of the thrashing
machine and arranged in such a manner that the grains separated from the straw in
the thrashing machine may be conducted either through the said apparatus or by
the side of the same to the outside of the machine substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawing.
Second. The arrangement of an inclined slide or flap L in front of the hulling
polishing and cleaning apparatus so that the grains which fall upon the said slide or
Hlap are conducted to the inlet H which can be closed by a slide substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Third. In combination with a thrashing machine an apparatus for hulling and
polishing barley, into which the grains are conducted comprising the casing G
provided with the openings H and J, and the drum F having vanes f arranged
spirally upon its periphery whereby the grains dropping at H upon the drum G
are gradually transported to the opening J substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawing.
Fourth. The arrangement of fine and sharp teeth upon the inner surface of the
casing G and upon the outer surface of the drum F for hulling and polishing the
grains between the said casing and drum substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawing.
Fifth. In combination with the drum F and casing G for hulling and polishing
grains of barley a shaking device K having one or more sieves, the hulled and
polished grains being exposed during the sifting operation to a current of air produced
by the fan V, for carrying away the chaff substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawing.
Woks on day of October 1831.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.