matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR MOULDING ARTIFICIAL OR PATENT FUEL, FIRE-BRICKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Vanden Hielakker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1859.
I, JEAN VANDEN HIELAKKER, of the City of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR MOULDING ARTIFICIAL OR PATENT FUEL,
FIRE-BRICKS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain new mechanical arrangements constituting
an apparatus in which percussive force is to be employed for effecting com-
pression of the materials of which the coal or blocks of fuel, fire and other bricks,
or such like articles are to be moulded or shaped to the required form and
size. The means heretofore commonly employed of moulding coal and bricks
by machinery has been to employ steady pressure, which has not been formed
to express the liquid from the materials, and the object and intention of this
Invention is to remedy such defect by employing percussive force instead of
steady pressure, as above stated. The apparatus proposed to be employed for
the purpose of this Invention consists of a framing supporting a massive block
of iron, with a mould fitted thereto. There is a rack, which, when acted upon
by a lever, raises a plug, and with it the moulded substance; a drawer or
receiver slides underneath a hopper, by which the materials are conducted to
the mould; the stamper or compresser is acted upon by a wheel, which, as
it rotates, successively brings lifting arms fixed to said wheel into contact

page_text: with a tappet fixed on a sliding rod, to which is connected a hammer or
monkey, which is thus raised and suddenly released, thereby falling on to and
striking the stamper which is upon the substance to be moulded; a powerful
spiral spring placed at the top of the hammer assists the effect of the blow of
the hammer. A fly wheel is affixed to the machinery for regulating the speed
thereof, as also certain mechanism for starting and stopping the hammer when
necessary.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS METER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Horton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1859.
I, JOSHUA HORTON, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED GAS
METER," to be as follows:-
My new or improved gas meter consists essentially of a vessel the open
mouth of which is turned downwards and immersed in quicksilver, oil, water,
or any other liquid. The said vessel turns upon an axis connected to one of
its sides, and is enclosed in a case or closed chamber. A valve external to
the closed chamber is connected with the axis upon which the movable vessel
turns and acts in the following manner :-When the movable vessel has risen
by the delivery of gas underneath it, the said valve shuts off the gas from the
supply pipe and permits the gas in the vessel to pass to the delivery pipe.
The vessel sinks as the gas passes out, and the gas is at the same time admitted
to the closed chamber, which fills as the movable vessel empties itself. As
soon as the said moveable vessel has sunk to its full extent, and the closed
vessel in which it works has been filled with gas, the valve shuts off the supply
to the closed chamber and opens the communication between the said chamber
and the delivery pipe; at the same time the supply is directed to the movable
vessel, which is shut off from the delivery pipe. By the rising and falling of
the movable vessel in the closed chamber there is formed as it were two
vessels, one of which is filled from the supply pipe, while the other is emptying
itself into the delivery pipe.

page_text: The working of the valve or valves by which the passages are opened and
closed at the proper times is effected by the motion of the movable vessel.
By the said motion, the number of ascents and descents of the moveable
vessel, and the amount of gas which has passed through it and the closed
chamber is registered.
Although for convenience of description, I have described only one moveable
vessel working in the closed chamber, yet two or more such vessels may be
employed together with the requisite valves. The valves which I prefer to
employ somewhat resemble the slide valves of a steam engine, but I do not
think it necessary here to describe the particular construction of the valves
nor the mechanical arrangements by which the said valves are worked from
the moveable vessel, as the particular construction of the valves and the said
mechanical arrangements may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention. I sometimes make the movable vessel rise and fall with a
vertical rectilinear motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Morrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MORRISON, of Nottingham, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
The improvements apply especially to those descriptions of wind musical
instruments in which the sound is obtained by blowing through a mouthpiece,
and consist in adapting to such mouthpiece a flexible and elastic receiver,
which is to be filled with air by blowing through the opposite end of the
instrument or through an opening otherwise suitably placed. The air thus
forced into the receiver will then, by the elasticity of such receiver, have a
tendency to be forced back through the instrument to produce the required
sounds. A stop, catch, or other regulator may be applied as required, as also
the desired keys.
THE COM- BINATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS AND VERMIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ferguson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1859.
I, GEORGE FERGUSON, of the Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Naturalist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE COM-
BINATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS
AND VERMIN," to be as follows:-
The materials I use for the destruction of insects and vermin consist of
creasote and oil of origanum, otherwise called oil of thyne. These ingredients
I prefer to mix in the proportion of four parts of creasote to one part of oil of
origanum; but the proportions may vary according to the purpose required, or
creasote alone may be used for the purpose.
AN IM- PROVED MUSROL OR NOSEBAND FOR HORSES' BRIDLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fréderic Vasserot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th.
May 1859. A communication from Louis Marque, of Vienne (Isère),
in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED MUSROL OR NOSEBAND FOR HORSES' BRIDLES," (a communication from Louis
Marque, residing at Vienne (Isère), in the Empire of France,) to be as fol-
lows, and consists in forming the musrols or nosebands for horses' bridles of
a bent steel spring covered with leather, and furnished at each end with an
olive projecting inside the circle formed by the spring. This spring surrounds
the horse's nostrils, its open end, with the olives, being placed in front of the
nose; when the spring is not acted upon, the two olives press against each
other, but when it is drawn backwards by means of a string passing through
a ring at its back, they are separated, and the action of the spring causes
them to press upon the horse's nostrils; a chain of suitable length passing
through rings placed near each olive, prevents the musrol to be drawn too
much, and by means of another string fixed to the said chain, the spring may
be replaced in its position when it is desired to release the nostrils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OF WHATEVER KIND
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Meline at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1859.
I, GEORGE MELINE, of Lay St. Christophe, in the Department of the
Meurthe, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS OF WHATEVER KIND," to
be as follows:-
The principle object of my Invention is to cool the millstones, and thus
prevent the heating of the flour; and for this purpose I use an apparatus
composed of one or more air chambers placed on the upper surface of the
moveable stone. The accompanying Drawing represents an apparatus having
three air chambers; each air chamber or ventilator may be made of any material
capable of resisting the shock of the air, such as wood, cast or wrought iron,
or other. The shape of the air receiver or chamber is shewn in the
Drawing in elevation, plan, and section; its height should be about seven or
eight inches, and the openings in front about twenty-five inches long. This
species of ear or conical tube, bent in two opposite directions, is flat at the
mouth and round at the extremity, and its horizontal measurement about
twenty-four inches, its interior diameter at its smallest end being ths of an
inch, but these dimensions may be reduced or increased at will. It will be
seen that the entire system turns with the revolving stone, each chamber
receiving air from the free space comprised between the top of the revolving

page_text: stone and its covering, that is, from an opening about twenty-five inches long
horizontally, and about eight inches in height. When the stone turns,
carrying this apparatus with it, the air introduced at each instant into the
receiver or air chamber seeks an exit in the direction indicated in the Drawing
by arrows, and escapes from the extremity of the conical tube between the
revolving stone and the casing. The air being thus renewed at each instant
produces a cold current around the stone, cooling the flour, and preventing its
sweating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PACTURE OF BUTTONS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1859.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 77, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF BUTTONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of sewn-through buttons made of
either non-metallic substances or metallic substances. In buttons made of
non-metallic substances I form a hole in the centre, and then insert a metal
bar to form the holes. In buttons made of metallic substances, I form a hole
in the centre of the back shell, insert an eyelit to cover over the cutting
edges, and then insert a metal bar to form the holes, and bring the front shell
down to the bar to keep it in; but when I make metallic buttons of high
raised. sections, I prefer to fix the metal bar which forms the holes to the
inside of the back shell instead of takeing the front shell down to the bar as
in buttons of a flat section. I make these metallic buttons with or without a
projecting tubular shank, and I claim also the coating of metallic sown-
through buttons with a superiour metal by means of electro-plating.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STEERING VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1859. A communication from abroad by Edward N.
Dickerson, of Park Row, New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR STEERING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for steering
vessels. For this purpose there is fixed on the axis of a barrel which works
the tiller ropes a cog wheel; into this cog wheel a smaller cog wheel gears,
having on its axis a crank which is coupled with the piston rods of two steam
cylinders. In a line with the axis worked by the steam cylinders there is
another axis having on it a crank, to which are connected the valve rods for
working the slide valves of the steam cylinders; on this axis there is a cog
wheel into which a larger cog wheel gears, and on the axis of this larger
wheel there is a hand wheel, and by this hand wheel the valves of the engines
may be worked so as to cause the steam engines to rotate the barrel, working
the tiller ropes in one or other direction; on the end of the axis which works
the slide valves there is a projecting arm, and on the end of the cranked axis
worked by the steam engines there are two projecting pins, and according as
the engines are caused to start in one or other direction by the slide valves

page_text: one or other of the pins on the cranked axis worked by the steam engines
will come against the projecting arm and rotate the axis to which it is attached,
and by this means work the slide valves so as to cause the engines to continue
to work in the same direction in which they were started until the engines
are stopped.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS THROUGH WATER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1859. A communication from abroad by Philip Kearney Skinner, of
Bombay, in the East Indies, a Colonel in the Bombay Army.
I, BENJAMIN BROWNE, of No. 52, King William Street, London Bridge, in
the City of London, and County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS THROUGH WATER," communicated
to me from abroad by Philip Kearney Skinner, of Bombay, in the East
Indies, a Colonel in the Bombay Army, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to screw propellers, and consists principally in placing
them very much before the stern post of the ship to which they are applied
and well under the "bilge" thereof, so that the power will be greater and
acting more directly on that part of the vessel will assist in giving her
more speed and less uneasy motion or vibration. It is proposed to employ
double screws, or two screws or segments on shafts at each side of the stern
post, said shafts being worked by any suitable motive power.
A SAFETY CIGAR, VESUVIAN, OR FUSEE BOX OR CASE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Izod at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April 1859.
I, JOSEPH IZOD, of No. 58, High Street, Hoxton, in the County of Middle-
sex, Wholesale Dealer in Tobacconists' Fancy Goods, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A SAFETY CIGAR, VESUVIAN, OR FUSEE BOX OR
CASE," to be as follows:-
By the introduction of a spring made of india-rubber to cause the closing
of the box or case after it has been opened or used. The said box or case is
to be made of leather and paper, or one of them, either alone or in connection
with other materials, the inside of the inner box or case being lined with a
metallic or other substance and covering the said spring; the said spring
being fastened at one end of the said inner case to the opposite end of the
outer case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Musgrave, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou the 16th July
1859.
I, JOHN MUSGRAVE, junior, of the firm of John Musgrave and Sons, Globe
Iron Works, Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in connecting the plates forming the
body or internal flues of steam boilers by means of a corrugated joint ring of
any suitable shape or section. The corrugated form of the joint ring admits
of the expansion of the component parts of the boiler or flue, and ensures great
strength. The corrugated hoops or rings may be placed either internally or
externally. When placed inside a flue they serve to contract the opening at
intervals and to increase the amount of heating surface.
Another part of my Invention consists in making the flues of boilers of
corrugated plates jointed by rivets or by welding.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF FOOD FOR CATTLE AND HORSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thorley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th September
1859.
I, JOSEPH THORLEY, of Newgate Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION
OF FOOD FOR CATTLE AND HORSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in compounding into a mixture to be used as
provender for cattle and horses the following ingredients, varying the propor-
tions thereof according to the different descriptions of cattle. For example:-
To prepare food according to this Invention suitable for carriage and omnibus
horses and hacks, I take 1 peck of chopped hay and clover, weighing about
one pound and a half, 1 quartern and a half of crushed oats, weighing about 2
pounds 10 ounces, 4 ounces of the well-known "Thorley's food for cattle," and
about 1 pint and a half of water. For dray and waggon horses, I take 1 peck
and a quarter of chopped hay and clover, weighing about 2 pounds, half a peck
of crushed oats, weighing about 3 pounds 6 ounces, 4 ounces of the well-known
"Thorley's food for cattle," and about 2 pints of water. For ponies, I take
three-quarters of a peck of chopped hay and clover, weighing about 1 pound, 1
quarter of a peck of crushed oats, weighing about 1 pound 12 ounces, 3 ounces
of the well-known "Thorley's food for cattle," and about 1 pint of water.
The foregoing ingredients I mix together in the following order :-I take the
chopped bay and clover and mix the crushed oats therewith. I then sprinkle

page_text: and distribute the water over the same, so as to well damp them; I then dis-
tribute "Thorley's well-known food for cattle" over the former ingredients, and
thoroughly mix the whole well together, and place it in a nosebag ready for
use, in which state it may be sold.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE CUES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1859. A communication from abroad by Jonathan H. Green,
of Christiansburg, in the State of Iowa, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE
CUES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of an improvement in billiard and bagatelle cues relates to
an improvement in the tip of the cue, and consists in the employment for this
purpose of a compound composed of gutta percha or india-rubber, vulcanized
or not vulcanized, with pulverized or comminuted chalk, or siliceous or cal-
careous substance or glass, to which may be added or not, as may be desired,
oxide of zinc or of lead, or other metallic substance; the proportions which
have been found best in practice are about three parts of the chalk or other
substance to one part of gutta percha or india-rubber. This compound must
be well mixed and rolled out to a suitable thickness, and the tips or points are
formed therefrom, and when prepared as above described, such tips are to be
attached by means of glue to a ferule, which may be screwed on to the end of
the cue, or the prepared tip may be glued to the end of the cue.
These tips are more durable than those made of leather, and they do not
require to be chalked, as is now the case.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REPAIRING BELLS INJURED BY CRACKS OR FRACTURES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1859.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REPAIRING BELLS INJURED BY CRACKS OR FRACTURES," to be as
follows:-
I propose to repair cracked or fractured bells by uniting the separated parts
with new metal of similar composition. In carrying out this method I remove
a portion of the metal on one side of the bell, so as to form a channel, I then
heat the other side thereof by a fire, heated metal bars, or other means, but
not to the point of fusion, after which a strip of bell-metal is applied to the
channel and melted therein by means of a blow pipe, for which purpose I use
hydrogen gas and air, or oxygen.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lawrence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 7th September
1859.
I, GEORGE LAWRENCE, of York Road, Battersea, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELED VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of an improved method of constructing the
bodies of vehicles to be used for the conveyance of passengers; and secondly,
of a guiding wheel capable of being applied to a great variety of carriages.
In my improved construction of vehicles for the conveyance of passengers,
the hinder part of the body of the carriage is similar in shape to the ordinary
four-wheeled cabriolets now in use, but the front of the carriage consists of
two folding doors meeting in the centre and opening outwards. On the outer
side of each door is a seat, the two seats forming when the doors are closed a
seat for the driver and for one or more other persons. The roof of the
carriage is extended so as to afford a shelter to the driver and those sitting
with him. The body of the carriage may be fitted with any suitable springs
fixed on the axle of the hind wheels. The fore part of the carriage, having
the weight of the driver, hangs on a cross bar or spring, which has its bearing
exactly over the centre of the guiding wheel, herein-after described.
The guiding wheel, which forms a portion of this Invention, is applied in
the front of the carriage in lieu of the fore wheels ordinarily employed. The
wheel is provided with an axle passing through its box or centre, and fixed to

page_text: a circular wheel-like frame, placed horizontally, having in it a space or
aperture sufficient for the upper part of the guiding wheel to pass through.
The circular wheel-like frame is secured within a frame which extends
forwards from the axle of the hind wheels, and within which last-mentioned
frame small friction rollers or other analogous contrivances are placed in such
positions that their peripheries or surfaces may be acted against by the peri-
phery of the before-mentioned wheel-like frame, and so facilitate the turning
of the carriage in any desired direction.
Another mode of arranging the guiding wheel is by placing it between
two semicircular plates, to which the axle of the wheel is secured; such semi-
circular plates revolving within a fixed circular frame or collar.
In the form of carriage which has been herein-before described, the shafts
for the horse are hinged or otherwise attached to a bar connected with the
before-mentioned circular wheel-like frame.
The guiding wheel herein described is also applicable, with modifications, to
carts, trucks, Bath or invalid chairs, perambulators, and other carriages and
vehicles.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR PORTE-MONNAIES, PORTFOLIOS, BAGS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Rumpff at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1859. A communication from abroad by C. Weintraud, of Offenbach.
I, AUGUSTUS RUMPFF, of the Firm of Weintraud, Rumpff, and Company, of
King Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR
PORTE-MONNAIES, PORTFOLIOS, BAGS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," (communicated to
me from abroad by C. Weintraud, the younger, of Offenbach,) to be as
follows:-
This improved fastening consists of a bed or foundation plate secured to the
article to which the fastening is to be applied, from this plate rises a metal
staple which is folded over and lies parallel with the plate, a space being left
between it and the plate. In the end of this staple is an aperture to receive
and allow of the passage through it of the hasp attached to another part of the
article; a sliding bolt is fitted over the bed plate, and has an aperture for the
reception of the hasp after passing through the staple; the hasp is caught in
the aperture in the bolt, and is retained in it by means of an india-rubber or
other suitable spring. To open the fastening push the bolt aside and the hasp
becomes released and rises out of the aperture in the bolt and through that in
the staple.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Dowling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1859.
I, EDWARD DOWLING, of Woodford Bridge, in the County of Essex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE
ESCAPES," to be as follows:-
It consists of a number of straight iron bars working on revolving rivets so
constructed as to fold up into a given space. The escape has at its upper end
a double linked chain, which chain laying over the window cill, is attached to
an iron plate, having two sharp points and a simple screw lever, the action of
the screw lever being to attach the iron plate to any woodwork under the
window cill and inside the room, and also whilst the screw or lever is being
tightened or twisted up against the woodwork, causing the sharp points
mentioned to enter the woodwork, and more securely tighten the plate. At
the lower end of the escape are placed two handles of iron or wood to enable
any one to hold upon and steady the escape, although its own weight and
construction is sufficient. The fire escape, when attached to the window cill
and lifted out, unfolds or drops by its own weight to the ground; and it is
also declared that for the chain may be substituted straight iron bars having
a sufficient number of joints with revolving rivets, and with a sharp book or
crank at the end thereof to enable any person inside of a room to attach the
hook or crank to any projecting part that may be found under the cill of the
window. The fire escape is to be of any length or lengths, or in one piece, to

page_text: aid in the escape from a window, or from any part of a building at any height
from the ground. The fire escape, when not in use, folds up, and may be
placed in a small box or leathern case 15 inches square, and occupying little or
no space, kept in any convenient position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DIS- TILLING AND CLARIFYING RESINOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis A. Normandy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1859. A communication from E. Dromart, D. Dusillol, and A. Dusillol,
of Préchac, Département de la Gironde, in the Empire of France.
I, LOUIS A. NORMANDY, jun., of 67, Judd St., London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF DIS-
TILLING AND CLARIFYING RESINOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Before the discovery of this process resinous substances could not be dis-
tilled by means of fire, except after the gums had been melted and the
produce filtered. The resinous substances had thus to undergo a second
heating, but the fire destroyed a part of the essence, and hence a considerable
loss. By this process the substances can be worked in the still directly and
without any previous preparation, thus obtaining residues and resins as well
purified as by the old process. For this purpose the following purpose the
following apparatus is used:-
1°, an agitator, which being placed in the still prevents the burning of the
substance, and by means of rakes continually stirring up the bottom the
incrustation of the substances is prevented. The agitator at the end of each
heating drives away also all foreign bodies.
2, of a reservoir, into which the resin is led as it leaves the still, and by
reason of the different specific gravities of the substances the earthy matters
are in a short time deposited therein.
3°, of rotatory filters, provided with exceedingly fine metallic cloths or wire

page_text: gauze, by means of which all the foreign substances held in suspension in the
rosin are retained. After these operations the products will be found per-
fectly purified.
In order to understand its object, and effect of the apparatus, it will be
sufficient to indicate the different parts.
Fig. 1 E, cucurbite; F, retort or head; G, G, bars of iron supporting the
machinery; H, H, bevel wheels; I, bearing; J, horizontal or driving shaft;
K, stuffing box; L, handle; M, top of the worm; N, pipe for emptying the
cucurbite; P, P, wings of the agitator; O, gutter conducting the substance
to the chest R; Figures 9, 9, 9, 9, clamps of the rakes; R, reservoir for the
resin; S, gutter bringing the substance into the filtering cylinders; V, V, axle
of the cylinders; W, reservoir for the substances leaving the cylinder T; X,
gutter conducting the substance from the reservoir W to the cylinder T;
y, y, supports; z, chest for the filtered substances; 2, handle; 3, 3, pulleys;
20, half disc of wood; g, opening for the entrance of the substances; 8, 8, 8, 8,
. bands of iron; 17, 17, ditto; 10, support of the axle; 18, bands of iron;
..15, 15, hinges; 16, 16, tenon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING MORTARS AND CANNON
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1859.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of No. 4, Cannon Row, Westminster, Civil En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CASTING MORTARS AND CANNON," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the mould to revolve, either during tho
time that the metal is being poured into it or afterwards, until it has becomo
partly or entirely solidified, or during both or part of both of the said periods,
so as to produce a circulation and stratification or lamination of the metal
more or less complete by reason of its adhering to, depositing upon, or solidi-
fying firstly against the sides of the mould, and then upon or against the
thicknesses so deposited, and so on successively till the solidification is
complete.
Should the casting of trunions upon cannon in any way interfere with the
process, it is proposed to cast them without trunions, and to shrink on or fit
wrought-iron rings with trunions forged upon or fixed to them.
The manner in which it is intended to effect the casting is to place the mould
in a vertical position upon a bed caused to revolve by any convenient means,
and to supply the molten metal either at the bottom through the centre of the
mould, or otherwise, or from the upper side into the centre of the mould or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND WORKING CONDENSING ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th February 1859.-A communication from John Sutton, of the
United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND
WORKING CONDENSING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the combining of the air pump and cylinder of a
condensing engine, and so applying the cold water injection that condensation
is effected in the air pump, and the use of a separate vessel as a condenser dis-
pensed with, the air pump being operated by the direct pressure upon its
piston of the exhaust steam from the steam cylinder without receiving aid
from any other part of the engine.
The exhaust steam as it leaves the cylinder is made to operate upon
alternate sides of the piston of the air pump, while a vacuum is produced and
kept up on the advancing side of the piston by condensation, water being
admitted in streams into the air-pump cylinder.
The Invention further relates to the application of the whole or a portion
of the power thus derived from the exhaust steam over and above what is
necessary for the discharge of the water of condensation from the air pump,
for the purpose of helping the crank or cranks of the engine "
past the

page_text: centres." In the employment of the surplus power of the air pump to aid the
crank in its revolution in an engine provided with the means of reversal; the
slide valve of the air pump must be so connected with the valve gear, which
operates the induction or eduction steam valve or valves, as to be capable of
reversing the action of the air pump, for either end of the steam cylinder will
require to communicate with one or other end of the air pump, according to
the direction in which the crank is to revolve.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SPRINGS ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1859.-A communication from abroad by M. Tenting, ainé,
of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUFFERS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SPRINGS ARE EMPLOYED," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in employing compressed atmospheric air, or other
suitable fluid, enclosed in a lenticular or other formed bag or receptacle, made
of indian-rubber or any suitable elastic material, such bag being surrounded
by a moveable metallic ring or envelope, placed within the buffer cylinder,
and acted upon by a piston or plunger attached to the buffer head. The bag
or receptacle assumes a lenticular form under the pressure of the air or gas
introduced into it, so as to permit the material composing the bag, after being
submitted to shock or pressure, to recoil, and to recover its primitive position.
The dimensions and form of the bag may be varied according to the
application or purpose for which it is employed. This arrangement may be
applied to the traction and suspension springs of railway carriages..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGES, AND IN THE FIRE-ARM FOR USING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by William Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY SMITH, of the City of Philadelphia, in the State of
Pennsylvania, one of the United States of America, M.D., do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CARTRIDGES, AND IN THE FIRE-ARM FOR USING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
A A part of the Invention consists in making a cartridge with several com-
partments or chambers, in which the powder or other explosive material is
deposited, these are separated from each other by interposing disks of metal or
other suitable substance, so that the powder shall ignite and explode in each
compartment, beginning with the one most remote from the projectile in
succession, and give successive impulses to the missile instead of one. To
communicate this ignition, a quick match passing from one chamber to the
next through the intervening disk, may be employed, but to make this, in my
opinion, more certain, percussion powder may be adjusted on projections or
wings of the cartridge, so as to come in contact with projections on the interior
of the barrel, and thus ignite the chamber with which it is connected. The
wings holding the percussion powder for the second chamber, but attached to
the lowest chamber, project beyond the wings of the chamber above it, and so
on successively. The application and use of the last mode of cartridge ignition
involves another part of my Invention, which is suitable only for breech-
loading arms, and consists in constructing the interior of the barrel with cutting

page_text: or sunken grooves of different depths, but in the same continuous line, the
deepest being at the breech; at a proper.distance the depth diminishes, and so
on successively as many times as there are chambers in the cartridge for the
purpose of receiving the ends of these projections and allowing them to proceed
their intended distance without obstruction; the depth of the groove being
lessened at a given point raises a barrier against which the wings strike & the
percussion powder is exploded, igniting the powder in the next chamber. I
do not limit the length of the arm, as I believe it can be made to carry a pro-
jectile any distance in proportion to its length, and even that the tubes of two
or more guns if of the proper bore may be added to a third gun when under
certain exigencies it is desirable to project a missile an unusual distance. The
object of my Invention is to give an accumulated momentum to a projectile by
adding successive impulses to the one first received while in the tube, by means
substantially as above mentioned.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN WINDING FROM MINES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Knowles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1859.
I, JOHN KNOWLES, junior, of Saint Helen's, in the County of Lancaster,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN WINDING FROM
MINES, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon a certain Invention for the
prevention of accidents in winding from mines, for which I have previously
obtained Letters Patent, numbered 2401, and bearing date October Fourteenth,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six. My improvements are designed
for the prevention of accidents caused by the rope or other winding medium
running too far over the winding drum or pulley, and consequently carrying
the weight attached to it against such pulley to the danger of life and property,
and is equally applicable whether used in mines or in other situations where
weights are suspended and wound by ropes, &c., either with or without
winding pulleys. The Invention consists in the use of a pair of lever-like
arms, each having a fulcrum or centre of motion about the middle; one of
these arms is furnished with a projecting and hinged stud or pin, the opposite
arm having a hole to receive such pin, and upon such arm is secured a smaller
lever, governing a pin bolt or "cotter." When the weight is suspended or
being wound up, the hinged pin is inserted in the hole and "cotter" passed

page_text: through a hole in the hinged pin, and thus a firm joint is effected; but when
the weight has attained the required position, the lower diverging parts of the
levers strike against the bearings of the winding pulley, whereby the small
"cotter" will be withdrawn from the hinged pin, and the said pin withdrawn
from the hole in the arm, and thus the weight is instantly detached from the
rope and winding power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson and Henry
Hodgson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th January 1859.
We, WILLIAM HODGSON and HENRY HODGSON, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Tool and Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the application to such machinery of an endless
strap or belt of leather, or other suitable material, forming a continuous
travelling surface for supporting and conducting such fibrous substances from
the front or drawing rollers to the guides of the bobbins, by the employment
of which the expansion of the fibre and formation of fly by the centrifugal
motion or action of the twisting process is prevented, and the stress on the
thread in passing from the rollers to the guides unsupported, as heretofore, is
relieved.
AN IMPROVED INDICATING GUAGE LEAD OR PLUMMET
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Blair White at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1859.
I, DAVID BLAIR WHITE, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of North-
umberland, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED INDICATING GUAGE LEAD OR PLUMMET," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in particular construction of and adaptation to a
cord or line for sounding depths (at sea or elsewhere), whereby the depth of
the bed or bottom may be ascertained by the formation of an electric signal
when the plummet or weight reaches the bed or bottom, the said construction
of the sounding line consisting of its containing or being made or combined
with insulated wires, and the adaptation to the line being the addition of any
self-acting contrivance or apparatus which shall set up or cause.electric com-
munication between the insulated wires by coming into contact with the bed
or bottom whenever it is attained (whereby, as is herein-after more fully
explained, the depth may be indicated without simply depending upon the skill
which is necessary to a successful manipulation of the ordinary sounding
apparatus). Two ordinary small insulated wires are intended to be incor-
porated with the sounding line in performing this part of my Invention, and
the self-acting contrivance before referred to may be effected by means of a
bell-shaped or ball-shaped metallic weight or apparatus (suspended beneath
the ordinary plummet, and) in electric communication with one of the insulated

page_text: wires, and the said apparatus having also a metallic clapper or tongue in
communication with the other of the insulated wires, and not in communica-
tion with the firstly-mentioned wire, excepting when, instead of hanging freely
suspended, the inclined position of the bell or weight, caused by its dragging
on the bed or bottom when attained, shall cause the clapper or tongue to lie
against and touch it, and set up the desired electric communication. It should
also be stated that a very small ordinary battery will suffice for exciting the
necessary electric current, and that the two insulated wires are intended to be
separated from the line at the extreme end thereof on ship board, one wire
passing direct to the battery, and the other also to the battery, but including a
deflecting needle apparatus or alarum apparatus, or any other convenient
signal apparatus in the circuit. And I would remark that the quantity of line
run out may be indicated by the number of revolutions of a roller or wheel
over which it may have passed, and that if desired the same may be made to
shew or exhibit itself in the cabin of the ship or vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CURING SUGAR, AND FOR SEPARATING SOLID AND LIQUID SUBSTANCES BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Smith and William
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd June 1859.
We, ALEXANDER SMITH and WILLIAM SMITH, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CURING SUGAR,
AND FOR SEPARATING SOLID AND LIQUID SUBSTANCES BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE," to
be as follows:-
In the ordinary centrifugal machinery for curing sugar a cylindrical vessel
of wire gauze is employed, strengthened by suitable supports. The sugar is
placed in the vessel, which is caused to revolve on its axis with great rapidity;
the molasses or liquid adhering to the grains of sugar is thus thrown out
by the centrifugal force, and passes through the wire gauze, while the sugar
is retained by the wire gauze. Some of the sugar, however, is forced into
the meshes of the wire gauze, and the numerous supports necessary to sustain
the wire gauze render the apparatus difficult to clean. By the present
Invention these defects are obviated. Instead of the wire gauze, a series of
narrow bars or rings, placed edgeways, are employed; these are packed as
close together as may be desired, and form a very strong and comparatively
smooth surface, which can be cleaned with great facility. The bars or rings
may be tapered or thicker at one edge than the other, if desired, to facilitate
the escape of the liquid.
THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT BY AN IMPROVED AND MORE ECONOMICAL MODE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thompson and John
Thompson, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st May 1859.
We, JOHN THOMPSON, of Witton, near Northwich, Cheshire, and -JOHN
THOMPSON, the younger, of Castle, Northwich, aforesaid, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT BY AN IMPROVED
AND MORE ECONOMICAL MODE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of conducting the heat
necessary for evaporating the brine in the process of manufacturing salt, and
consists in the use of a flue or tube of iron or other suitable material
extending through the body of the salt water or brine, instead of the heat
passing along the outside of the pan, as heretofore commonly practised; the
heat employed may be either steam, hot water, or fire, which may be either
generated in the aforesaid flue or tube, or otherwise, as may be found most
desirable in practice.