SHAPING UMBRELLA, WALKING STICK, PLANE AND SAW HANDLES
Year: 1886

page_text: THOMAS TANNER Corresponding Clerk of Brimscombe, Parish of Stroud County of
Gloucester and JOHN WILLIAM NIBLETT, working Engineer of Shortwood in the
Parish of Horsley in the County of Gloucester do hereby declare the nature of their
invention for SHAPING UMBRELLA, WALKING STICK, PLANE AND SAW HANDLES to be
as follows:-
:-
A machine by means of which groups of such as the above-named articles in the
rough are subjected to the operation of revolving or other cutters for the purpose of
reducing them to a desired shape.
For this purpose we provide a frame casting with, by preference, a horizontal base
for fixture; and with vertical sides of suitable dimensions to receive in their proper
positions the bearings of four horizontally revolving spindles each with a group of
revolving cutters upon each of its ends.
Each vertical side receives also at points to the left and right of the cutter spindles
and immediately above the base the stems of two short free-ended levers moving in
vertical planes to the outside of frame. These levers at their free ends are each
socketed to receive the stem of another (double ended) lever which, by means of
swivelling worm gear upon its longer end extending towards the extremity of the
frame, is moved in another vertical plane still further to the outside of the frame.
Each double-ended lever is furnished on its longer end but on its inner side with a
roll which engages with a vertical-plane cam affixed to the vertical side of frame for
the purpose of guiding upon its proper course the double ended lever which is furnished
at its shorter end towards the cutters with a holdfast for carrying the group of articles
within the operation of the groups of cutters.
Each holdfast is box-like in construction with a fixed back and side each parallel to
the length of its lever, and with its base at right angles to the lever's length. This
base is furnished at a suitable distance from the fixed back with a socket to receive
the stem of a handled bent lever, upon the end of which towards the group of articles
a swivelling front jaw is pivoted, and to the pivot of which front jaw is linked a
swivelling side jaw; these jaws being for the purpose of securing the group of articles

page_text: upon such parts of them as are not exposed to the operation of the cutters in the
following manner-Upon the handled bent lever being pulled round in a proper
direction the front jaw is advanced upon such parts of the group as are without the
operation of the cutters, forces the group against the fixed back and slightly passes
the point of greatest pressure.
Simultaneously the swivelling side jaw is advanced upon the side of the group
securing them thus and acting as a stop to the further movement of the front jaw
lever. For releasing the group the handled bent lever is automatically pulled in the
other direction, at a time when the shaping is completed and the group has attained
a nearly inverted position to that which it had at the commencement of the process―
The articles are thus freed and discharged into a convenient receptacle.
The revolving cutters are of various diameter, shape and construction to suit the
different curvatures required. Those of largest diameter are built up of circular
transverse sections with saw-like teeth upon their edges, and are affixed side by side
upon their spindle as the sets of a group of cutters, and are of such different diameter
as to give the set its required shape-Each section has its plane of jointure varying
from that of its revolution to avoid defective work at the joints. The smaller cutters
are preferably built of longitudinal sections and each of these sections is nearly
triangular in cross section. They extend the whole length of a group, are curved to
a proper extent as a longitudinal helix in order to give a skew cutting edge, and are
then affixed around a small diameter of cutter spindle extending likewise the whole
length of the group and are secured upon the cutter spindle by means of internally
screwed collars upon the spindle and upon the ends of the sections. Other cutters of
smaller diameter are similarly constructed but without the use of the extended cutter
spindle as a core or centre.
Dated this 30th day of October 1886

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Shaping such Articles as Umbrella, Plane, and Saw Handles.
THOMAS TANNER, corresponding clerk, Brimscombe Stroud Gloucestershire and
JOHN WILLIAM NIBLETT, Horsley, Gloucestershire engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention, as provisionally specified has reference to a machine adapted to the
purposes indicated in the title of the said invention, namely the reducing from the
rough to the nearly finished shape of such articles as umbrella plane and saw handles
or of certain parts of such handles.
Our invention is adapted more particularly for use with the revolving cutters
hereinafter described and for the class of articles first specified, namely umbrella
handles and may be generally described as a means whereby the material for groups
of such articles is brought under the operation of shaping cutters.
Our invention as described in our provisional specification has reference to a four-
fold machine for doing four independent sets of work, namely, a right and a left set at
one end of a frame and also a right and a left set at the other end of that frame but
as the method employed in all four sets is practically the same we shall hereafter
particularly describe how one set of work is done. (The disposition of the four parts
corresponding to the four sets mentioned is indicated in Fig. 2. sheet 1. of the
accompanying drawings by P¹ P p p where P¹ is the part described.)
The principal feature of our invention consists in the employment for the purposes
named of a system of levers moving under the guidance of a suitable plane cam, one
of which levers either carries within the operation of the grouped revolving cutters
the material to be shaped or else carries such revolving cutters in such a course as to
operate as desired, upon the material held stationary.
The second part of our invention relates to the means which we employ for holding
the material whilst under the operation of the shaping cutters, and to the means of
releasing the articles when shaped.
The third part of our invention consists of the means we employ for causing the
end of one of the levers to move along the course of the afore-mentioned cam.
For our machine we provide a cast iron frame with horizontal base for fixture and
two vertical sides, and on each side are carried two sets of levers each with its holder
and cam and working in conjunction with its own sets of cutters.
In order that our invention may be fully understood, we shall now proceed to
describe more particularly the means for doing either of the said independent sets of
work, and for this purpose we shall refer to the several Figures on the accompanying
sheet of Drawings wherein the same letters of reference indicate the same or corre-
sponding parts in all the figures.
Fig. 1. Sheet 1 is an elevation of the end P¹ of the machine and F 2 is a part plan
of the same end. A and B are two cutter-spindles carrying the cutters A and B':
A¹ shows the shape of the smaller cutter A¹.

page_text: At a proper distance below these spindles and nearer the cam plate H the vertical
side S receives the hollow stem C of the primary arm or lever vibrating on the
outside of the frame in a plane at right angles to the axes of the revolving cutter
spindles.
The principal arm or lever C₁ is furnished with a socket C2 Fig. 2. at its end
opposite its stem and there receives the stem of the secondary or cam lever D. which
also moves in a plane at right angles to the cutter spindles and carries on its end
nearer the cutter spindles the holder E and at its opposite end a roll F which engages
in the cem groove G and controls the lever movements.
The body of the holder E and the stem I of the cam lever are one iron casting and
to this is bolted the iron cam lever D. The holder is box-like in construction, its
bottom e being in a plane parallel to the axes of the cutter spindles, and its back e
being perpendicular to the bottom and also in a plane parallel to the axes of the
spindles. The bottom is furnished on the side nearer the frame with a socket in which
is fixed a side jaw e² of a shape approximating to the shape of the articles to be shaped,
and in a plane perpendicular to the axes of the spindles, and against this fixed side jaw
and fixed back the material M to be shaped is put and then held by the following
means. A handled bent lever (e Fig. 2) with its stem e³ working in the socket e
upon the holder E has its shorter arm e extending towards the material M.
Upon the end of this short arm is pivoted a swivelling packed side jaw ed by means
of its foot also marked e8 in both figs.
A section through e fig. 2 is shewn at Fig. 1. where e' is a swivelling front jaw
carried also upon the short arm e of the bent lever and working also upon the same
pivot e as does the foot e" of the swivelling packed side jaw. Thus arranged both
swivelling jaws are brought by means of the handled lever e¹ to press upon the
material; the front jaw pressing it against the fixed back e' and the swivelling side
jaw pressing it against the fixed side jaw e².
The security of both jaws in their pressure upon the material is effected by suiting
the thickness of packing at es so that the swivelling side jaw with its packing shall
duly press upon the material immediately upon the shorter arm e with its swivelling
front jaw passing the point of greatest pressure upon the material.
The cam, which is either a board or a piece of metal attached to the side of the
frame, being parallel thereto, and the cam groove in which the roll engages is a slot
with parallel walls perpendicular to the surface of the cam and this cam groove or path
is of the required shape to guide, by means of the engaging roll the material in the
holder, in such a course about and within the operation of the said cutters as shall be
necessary to produce the desired shape of article by the means hereafter described.
For different shapes in the articles different cam grooves are used. A cam plate is
easily removed, and another substituted in its place.
In order to cause the cam roll to travel automatically along the cam path, we provide
the following means
Upon an outwardly extended stem of the arm or lever revolves a double width
pulley C driven from any convenient point and in its turn driving another double
pulley D¹ upon the extended stem of the cam lever. Upon the longer arm of the cam
lever is situated the worm bracket K swivelling upon its stem K¹ which is received
into the cam lever. This bracket is an elongated bearing for carrying the worm
spindle K and for allowing it to swivel in a plane at right angles to the axes of the
cutter spindles. Above the point on which it swivels is a stem K² carrying a pulley L
driven from the pulley D¹ on the stem of the cam lever and drives the worm spindle K³
by means of a bevil toothed wheel K attached to itself and working into a similar
one K. Upon the worm spindle-Upon the end of the spindle nearer the cam is the
worin N engaging with the worm wheel N¹ and this worm and wheel, when in action
are held in gear by the latch K attached to the bottom of the spindle bracket K which
it locks to the cam lever. The worm wheel is fixed upon a hollow spindle N2 and
has also a bevil toothed wheel N³ on its outer side. The hollow spindle passes
perpendicularly through and revolves in the end of the cam lever and carries on the
inner side of the cam lever a spool Ns. Through the hollow spindle is passed another

page_text: spindle F carrying a spool f' and the afore mentioned cam roll which works loosely
on the end of the spindle F in moving along the groove of the cam. Upon the outer
end of the spindle F is fixed the bevil toothed wheel N the same size as that upon
the outer side of worm wheel with which it is geared by means of the intermediate
bevil toothed wheel No.
At the top of the cam is a small bracket carrying a straining pulley O and upon
this pulley is wound the gut line q, one end of which is fastened to the spool N' and
the other end to the spool f'. This double line is kept as nearly as practicable in the
direction of the cam groove by means of the pegs r, inserted perpendicularly into
the cam plate. Similarly a line is wound round a similar pulley R and one of its ends
is attached to the spool N and the end to the spool f. These lines are of nearly
equal length, equal portions of that passing round the pulley R have been wound on
to the spools. Both lines are kept fairly tight by means of the end brackets.
When the worm is thrown into gear with the worm-wheel by means of the handled
lever K the spools will begin to wind on to themselves the gut line which passes
round the pulley O. As they cannot draw the line to themselves, seeing it is passed
round the pulley they will endeavour to move along the line and in so doing will carry
the roll along within the groove of the cam, thus putting the levers into motion and
causing the material held by the holder to advance in a proper course within the
operation of the cutters. At the same time the line which passes round the pulley R
is unwound from the spools and takes up its position between the pegs, approximating
in so doing to the direction of the cam groove.
These pulleys at either end of the cam groove are provided to facilitate a motion in
the lines themselves caused by the curves of the cam groove.
When the cam roll has reached about the point t the handled bent lever of the
holder will have come into contact with the roll T at the end of the adjustable
bracket T shewn upon the arm C₁ and as the cam roll continues its upward course
the holder assumes a nearly inverted position, the bent lever is forced back and the
articles, now shaped will fall into a receptacle. When the cam roll reaches the point V
the steel latch K is lifted in gliding over the stud V₁ fixed in the cam plate, and the
spring shewn at W throws the worm out of gear. Within the worm wheel is placed
a volute spring the inner end of which is attached to the cam lever and the outer
end to the inside of the worm wheel. While the worm wheel is engaged with the worm
in action, this spring is being wound up and when it is disengaged, as above described,
the spring reverses the motion of the spools and the cam roll and levers and holder
return to their original position to repeat the process.
With regard to the work performed in the above described operation M represents
the side view of a piece of wood sawn to a thickness for making three umbrella bandles
side by side. By reference to the plan Fig. 2. sheet 1. it will be seen that the cutter B¹
is of such an outline as would shape out the back and tops of three umbrella handles
provided the material were caused to travel in a proper course for such a purpose, and
this is done by means of the levers and cam described. For cutting the inner or under
parts of these handles the small cutter A¹ Fig. 1. of similar outline is used in a
similar way.
The foregoing is a general description of our method of cutting umbrella handles
but for some descriptions of these articles is necessary to modify the holder.
For some descriptions of work the fixed back is dispensed with and also the front jaw
of the holder the material being held by working the swivelling side jaw directly by a
lever in a similar manner to that described with regard to the front jaw (Fig. 2).
Fig. 3. sheet 1. represents the plan of such a holder in which ee is the lever working
the swivelling side jaw e. e² is the fixed side jaw and is furnished with a fixed arm X
which supports the ends or noses of the handles while under the operation of shaping,
and acts also as a stop to the undue movement of the swivelling side jaw. This is
better seen by reference to Fig. 4. sheet 1 which is an elevation of the same holder.
The larger cutters used with this machine are as provisionally specified. A plan
of these is seen at Fig. 2. B', where are shewn the joints of the transverse sections in
planes varying from the planes of their revolution. This mode of construction necessitates

page_text: the sections being accurately fitted upon a feather or key affixed in the cutter
mandrill and in the sections and reaching through the entire length of a group of
cutters.
For small curves the cutters required are too small for affixing upon a mandrill.
We then provide a cutter spindle with its end bored and screwed internally to receive
the corresponding screwed stem of a cutter, the said stem being forged upon the body
of the cutter. A view of this cutter is shewn at A¹ Fig. 1.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of our said invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is:
1. The peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus for moving the rough
material for groups of such articles as are specified in the title of our invention about
and within the operation of shaping cutters, that is to say the combination of a system
of levers with a cam of other shape than that of the finished article and in the position
substantially as shewn.
2. The peculiar construction and use of a holder for umbrella handles, whereby as
shewn jaws of a suitable shape for holding the material are brought by means of one
lever upon the material.
3. The peculiar construction and arrangement of spools, pulleys, lines, pegs and
spring whereby the cam roll is made to travel along the cam groove and return as
hereinbefore described and illustrated.