AN IMPROVEMENT IN OBTAINING SPRING POWER, AND IN ITS APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Karl Bühring, of 45, St. Paul's Road, Camden
Town, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OBTAINING SPRING POWER, AND IN ITS APPLICATION TO
VARIOUS PURPOSES."
Sealed the 10th February 1860, and dated the 13th August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Karl Bühring at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1859.
I, KARL BÜHRING, of 45, St. Paul's Road, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OBTAINING SPRING POWER, AND IN ITS APPLICATION TO
VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I take an elastic or flexible air-chamber, preferring a coutchouc ball filled
with air or other suitable gas, and place it in a tube, cylinder, or vessel filled
with water, spirits, glycerine, or other suitable liquid. If pressure is applied
to the contents of the tube, cylinder, or vessel by means of a piston or other
suitable contrivance, it will operate on the fluid, and by or through it both on
the air-chamber and on the air, gas or gases contained in it compressing them.
By their elasticity they will expand again as soon as the pressure ceases or
diminishes. By this contrivance I use the elasticity of the air, gas, or gases
as spring power; although use has been made herebefore of the well-known

page_text: principle of the elasticity of the air, gas, or gases as spring power, the par-
ticular method of using and applying this principle as described above has
never been used.
This improved method of using the elasticity of the air, gas, or gases as spring
power, and the application of this method to various purposes, is what I claim
as my Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Karl Bühring in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, KARL
BÜHRING, of 45, Saint Paul's Road, Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Karl Bühring, Her special licence that I, the said Karl Bübring, my.
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Karl
Bühring, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN OBTAINING SPRING POWER, AND IN ITS APPLICATION TO VARIOUS PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Karl Bühring, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and caused the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Karl Bühring, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My improvement in obtaining spring power and in its application to various.
purposes consists of a method of constructing a spring by inclosing any suitable

page_text: aëriform fluid (atmospheric air will answer the purpose) within a chamber made
of some elastic material, so that when pressure is applied to the external surface
of the chamber, the aëriform fluid is compressed within the chamber, and
upon the pressure being released or partially released, the aëriform fluid
expands, and presses out the chamber enclosing it to its former size, and by
this reaction gives the spring power required. The said elastic chamber or
vessel charged with aëriform fluid, I enclose within a second chamber of a
cylindrical or any suitable form, for the purpose for which the spring is
required, the space between the two chambers being filled with water, alcohol,
or any non-elastic or partially elastic liquid, the pressure being applied to the
aëriform fluid through or by its elastic inclosing chamber or covering equally
upon all sides by the water or other liquid within which the elastic chamber
is enclosed. The pressure can be applied to the surface of the liquid between
the two chambers, by means of a piston or plunger, or any other convenient
form. It will be obvious that by such an arrangement none of the aëriform
fluid can possibly escape, whatever the pressure applied; the only effect such
pressure can have is to condense it, and its powerful and gradually diminishing
reactive power when expanding after the pressure is subdued, enables it to
be used for any description of spring. Any number of the said elastic vessels
charged with aëriform fluid can be placed within one or more outer chambers,
since the liquid surrounding them protects the elastic material from being
subjected to any detrimental amount of friction.
I claim as of my Invention the application of chambers or vessels containing
an aëriform fluid, the said chambers or vessels being surrounded by a non-
elastic or partially elastic fluid, as described, to obtain the elastic reactive power
of the inclosed aëriform fluid for the construction of springs and other similar
purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Karl Bühring, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and sixte
Witness,
SAM. GOODERE POWELL,
54, Parliament Street,
Westminster.
KARL BÜHRING. (L.S.)