IMPROVED APPARATUS USED IN OVENS FOR BAKING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Powell, of Preston, in the County of Lan-
caster, Biscuit Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS
USED IN OVENS FOR BAKING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Powell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th September 1864.
I, THOMAS POWELL, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Biscuit Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS USED IN OVENS FOR BAKING," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to ovens for baking bread, biscuits, and fancy
goods, and more especially to what are commonly termed "railway ovens,"
wherein the biscuits or other goods are carried through the oven by means of
a revolving or travelling apparatus driven by steam or other power.
The Invention consists in the use or employment of wire gauze, woven
wire, or laced wire in lieu of the solid or perforated metal plates now
and hitherto used in such mechanical or "railway ovens," such wire gauze,
woven wire, or laced wire being used either as an endless travelling web
passing through the oven, whereon the bread, biscuits, or other fancy goods to
be baked are placed, or employed in the form of trays or other convenient
shape for the same purpose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Powell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
POWELL, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Biscuit Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Thomas Powell, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Powell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Thomas Powell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVED APPARATUS
USED IN OVENS FOR BAKING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Thomas Powell, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and..seals, should
particularly describe -and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Powell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement in writing, and on reference being 'had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention is applicable to ovens 'for baking bread, biscuits, and fancy
goods, and more especially to what are commonly termed "railway ovens,"
wherein the biscuits or other goods are carried through the oven by means of
á revolving or travelling apparatus driven by steam or other power.
The Invention consists in the use or employment of wire gauze, woven
wire, or laced wire in lieu of the solid or perforated metal plates now and
hitherto used in such mechanical or railway" ovens, such wire gauze, wover
wire, or laced wire being used either as an endless travelling web passing
through the oven, whereon the bread, biscuits, or other fancy goods to be

page_text: baked are placed, or employed in the form of trays or other convenient shape
for the same purpose.
Such being the nature of my said Invention for "Improved
Improved Apparatus
used in Ovens for Baking," I will now proceed to describe more in detail
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, and in order that the same may be distinctly understood
I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with
those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
In the annexed Drawing (which illustrates the application of my Inven-
tion to the moving part of an ordinary "railway oven ") Figure 1 is a side
elevation, and Figure 2 a plan view of the working part of the apparatus.
a, a, are the revolving drums or cylinders, round which pass the endless
travelling chains b, b, which are driven by means of the teeth or projections c, c,
on the drums, which take into the links of the chains b, b. These chains b, b,
carry at intervals the trays d, d, which instead of being made of solid metal
plate or of perforated metal plate as hitherto, are made of wire gauze, woven
wire, or laced wire, as above described; and I may here repeat that instead of
making the apparatus with separate trays of wire gauze, woven wire, or laced
wire, a continuous web or endless band of the same, passing round and driven
by the drums or cylinders, may be employed if preferred.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for
Improved Apparatus used in Ovens for Baking," together with the manner
in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect,
I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as my Invention the employment
or use of endless webs or trays of wire gauze, woven wire, or laced wire in
the manner and for the purposes above particularly set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Powell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
JOHN HOLME,
Book-keeper,
Preston.
THOMAS POWELL. (L.B.)