CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Dechanet and Antoine Dominique
Sisco, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Gentlemen, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES"
Sealed the 19th December 1854, and dated the 14th July 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Dechanet
and Antoine Dominique Sisco at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th July 1854.
We, JEAN BAPTISTE DECHANET and ANTOINE DOMINIQUE SISCO, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, and of 4, South St, Finsbury, London, Gentlemen,
do hereby declare the nature of our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing the wheels and
body of railway carriages. The bands of the wheel are formed with a flange
on the inside, to receive circular plates of sheet or plate iron, which are bolted
thereto, and form the wheel. The axle has a flange around its centre, to
which the plates are bolted, and is turned at its extremity to fit the bearings;
the body of the carriage is formed of sheet iron framing or cast iron plate.

page_text: Figure 1 represents a front view of the wheel;
"
2, an edge view of the same;
"
3, section, shewing the several parts set up. c, Figures 3 & 4, is
the band with inside flange, to receive plates b, b, Figure 3.
and 3, are rings, fitted on either side of the wheel, forming the nave.
a, a, Figures 15
Tunes & b contions of whooks chawing liftant famme of bands
Figure 1 represents a front view of the wheel;
"
2, an edge view of the same;
33
a, a, Figures 1 5
3, section, shewing the several parts set up. c, Figures 3 & 4, is
the band with inside flange, to receive plates b, b, Figure 3.
and 3, are rings, fitted on either side of the wheel, forming the nave.
Figures 5 & 6, sections of wheels, showing different forms of bands.
Figure 7, side elevation of the body of a carriage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Dechanet and Antoine Dominique Sisco in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th January 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEAN
BAITISTE DECHANET and ANTOINE DOMINIQUE SISCO, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Jean Baptiste Dechauet and Antoine Dominique Sisco, Her special license
that we, the said Jean Baptiste Dechanet and Antoine Dominique Sisco, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Jean
Baptiste Dechanet and Antoine Dominique Sisco, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jean Baptiste Dechanet and
Antoine Dominique Sisco, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jean Baptiste Dechanet and Antoine
Dominique Sisco, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawing hereto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say :-
The Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing the wheels and
frames of railway waggons and carriages.
The annexed Drawing, in which the same letters of reference indicate
similar parts, shews the different parts separately of which the wheels are
composed and also entirely set up, and various forms of frames, shewing
different modes of construction.
Figures 1, 10, and 20 shew wheels entirely set up, seen in plan; Figures 2,
11, and 21 shew a side view of the same; Figures 5, 14, and 24 are sections
through the diameter. Three different kinds of wheels are here shewn. The
difference between the three kinds of wheels consists in the construction and
arrangement of the tyres. Figure 3 is a plan of the tyre of the first kind,
made in one piece; Figure 12 is the tyre of the second kind, which fits into
an internal circle C, Figure 14; and Figure 22 is a plan of the third kind of
tyre, with the circle C for supporting it.
Figures 4, 6, 13, 15, 23, and 25 are disks of wrought or rolled iron, for
superseding the ordinary felloes of wheels, and which are placed two by two in
each wheel, as seen at D, Figures 5, 14, and 24, and fastened by bolts or rivets,
to enable the disks to be taken down when required to remove and replace the
tyres. Figures 17 and 27 are iron circles C, C, shewn in section at Figures 14
and-24. The iron of which the circles are constructed should be rolled between
cylinders having the required form; then rolled, soldered, and turned by the
ordinary process. The tyres are applied when hot upon the circles, as for
ordinary wheels, then firmly fixed by wrought iron rods, made screw-wise, and
sunk into the circles. The first of the circles, Figure 17, is of an equal
thickness, and the circle, Figure 27, is provided with a flange internally, upon
which the disks are fixed, as shewn at C, Figures 14 and 24, in section.
Each
of the wheels is adapted to a short axle, Figures 7, 16, and 26, provided with
two journals J, J, and in the middle with a shoulder E, of the same diameter
as the circle C, Figure 14, and flange N of the tyre, Figure 5. R, R, Figures
8, 9, 18, 19, 28, and 29, are rings, adapted to the axle on each side of the
shoulder E and above the disks D, and serve to unite them together-by bolts
or rivets set through the shoulder. These rings, which project in either side,

page_text: form the nave of the wheel. The wheels thus constructed are independent of
each other; they may, however, be keyed upon the ordinary axles with two
wheels. To effect this, the journals of the small axle, Figures 7 or 16, must
be suppressed, or form a small nave, Figures 38 and 39, for uniting the
disks D, the tyre B, and rings R. The wheel thus formed is shewn in side
view, Figure 36, and cross section, Figure 37; the nave, being pierced at the
required diameter, as shewn at A, Figure 37, is set in the journal of the
ordinary axles.
To set a carriage upon wheels of the first kind, herein-before described, it
becomes necessary to modify the construction of the frame. This modification
is shown at Figures 30, 31, and 32, which are views of a truck or frame of a
carriage set upon the said wheels. For each of the wheels two grease boxes G,
two guard plates P, and two springs U, are required. The guard plates ou
each side of the frame are kept at the required distance apart by means of a
wood or iron plate S, Figure 30, placed above and underneath the bottom of
the waggon and against the frame, and united together by bolts and nuts, which
pass through the frame and plate s. The guard plates of the frame are also
permanently fixed by means of tie-pieces T, Figuro 32. The frames for
trucks or waggons are made of wrought or rolled iron, with a flange or double
T shape, or with iron tubes. Figure 30 is a plan, taken underneath, of a
carriage constructed of double T shaped iron; Figure 31 is an elevation or
side view, and Figure 32 an end view, of the said carriage. In Figure 32, I
shews a right section of the double T iron, to unite the longitudinal pieces
forming the frame M, to the cross pieces K, which are of the dimensions to
secure the required separation. The extremities are adjusted by tenons and
mortices, and introduced into notches formed in the flanges of the frame;
these pieces are then firmly fixed together by right angle pieces F, Figures 31
and 32, adapted internally, and rivetted or bolted on both pieces, as shewn by
Figures 31 and 32. Square cross pieces H, H, Figures 30 and 32, inade of
rolled iron, placed at convenient distances, serve to support the bottom of the
carriage. These cross pieces and the lower flange are provided with notches,
which are engaged in each other, and the pieces and flange are firmly fixed
by means of screws. The cross pieces project out on either side, as shewn
at Figure 30; they are also notched underneath each side of the frame, to
receive and support the upper extremities of the springs, as shewn at g. 9,
Figures 30, 31, and 32. Figure 33 is the plan of a carriage frame made
of iron tubes; 34, side elevation; and Figure 35, an end view of the same.
The frame M is closed at each extremity by a capsuled stopper L, fixed per-

page_text: manently by screws, seen separately, Figure 40. The stopper has a hole
perforated through it, for allowing the passage and sliding in and out of the
rod of the buffer O. A spiral spring of a suitable form and length is placed
in the interior of the frame, and the buffer rod is provided at its internal
extremity with a round nut, which bears upon the spring, and fills up the
interior of the frame, in which it slides freely. In lieu of one spring set in
the frame two separate springs may be employed, by means of a washer firmly
fixed in the middle of the frame. The tubular cross pieces H, Figures
33 and 35, are terminated at each extremity by a stopper with a socket V
set in the cross piece, as seen in elevation, Figure 35. The stopper is firinly
fixed by rivets or screws, or may be brazed on for greater security. The
frames enter the sockets of the cross pieces, and are held fast by screws at a
suitable distance, as seen at Figures 33 and 34. In order to receive the
extremities of the suspension springs in notches q, q, shewn at Figure 35, the
tubular cross pieces may be filled with wood at discretion. The guard plates
P, P, Figures 34 and 35, are composed of cast or stout sheet iron plates,
and are lined and curved, so as to form a sheeth at their upper parts, which
fit exactly on the frame, to which they are fixed by screws at the required
position; they may be made of forged iron in one piece; in the first case, the
sockets of the lower part which receive the oil box are firmly connected by
rivets, as seen in Figures 34 and 35. These guard plates, which are not
double, as in the preceding case, serve to receive the wheels keyed on ordinary
axles.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise details herein laid down; but what we
claim is,―
First, the construction of wheels for railway carriages with flanged tyres and
wrought or rolled iron disks, as herein-before described, and referred to in
Figures 1 to 29, and 36 to 39, of the Drawing.
Secondly, the employment of short axles with two journals carrying only
one wheel, in lieu of long axles carrying two wheels, as herein-before described,
and referred to in Figures 7, 16, and 26.
'
Thirdly, the employment of wrought or rolled iron with a flange or double
T shaped, for the construction of trucks or frames of railway carriages, and
the mode of setting the frames on the wheels, as herein-before described, and
referred to in Figures 30, 31, and 32.
Fourthly, the employment of iron tubes for constructing the frames, for

page_text: supporting the body of railway carriages, in the frame of which springs are set,
and in which the rods of the buffers play freely, as herein-before described,
and referred to in Figures 33, 34, 35, and 40.
In witness whereof, I, the said Antoine Dominique Sisco, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Vitness,
ANTOINE DOMINIQUE SISCO. (L.S.)