IMPROVE-- MENTS IN TREATING NEUTRAL AND ACID FATTY OR OILY SUBSTANCES, RESINS AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES AND COMPOUNDS OR PRODUCTS CONTAINING PARAFFINE
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leo de La Peyrouse, of 13, Panton Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE--
MENTS IN TREATING NEUTRAL AND ACID FATTY OR OILY SUBSTANCES, RESINS
AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES AND COMPOUNDS OR PRODUCTS CONTAINING
PARAFFINE."
Sealed the 31st October 1862, and dated the 8th May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leo de La Peyrouso.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th May 1862.
I, LEO DE LA PEYROUSE, of 13, Pauton Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING NEUTRAL AND ACID FATTY OR OILY SUBSTANCES, RESINS
AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES AND COMPOUNDS OR PRODUCTS CONTAINING PARAFFINE," to
be as follows:-
My improvements have for their object the treatment of neutral and acid
fatty and oily substances, and of resins or resinous substances and of
products and compounds containing paraffine, in order to obtain products or
compounds suitable for the manufacture of soap, or for the manufacture or
production of candles, and consist in subjecting the before-mentioned substances,
compounds, or products containing the same to the action of azoto-sulphuric
acid, or of sulphuric acid containing azoto-sulphuric acid in solution, and to
the products of the decomposition of azoto-sulphuric acid by means of water,
and also to the products of its decomposition by means of water and of organic
matters. Azoto-sulphuric acid may be obtained by passing nitrous acid into
or by mixing the same with sulphuric acid, or it may be obtained either by

page_text: the direct combination of azotous or nitrous acid and sulphurous acid, or of
bypoazotic acid and sulphuric acid, or by any other means.
My improvements further consist in subjecting the substances before
mentioned to the action of a salt or compound of nitric acid, such as nitrate
of soda, or any other suitable nitrate, in conjunction with sulphuric or any
other suitable acid; with the addition of a reducing substance or agent, such
as treacle, sawdust, starch, or any other suitable reducing agent, so that when
these substances react upon each other, the nitric acid may be reduced and the
desired compound of nitrogen may be produced.
My improvements also consist in subjecting the substances and products
firstly before mentioned to the action of a nitrite, such as nitrite of soda or
any other suitable nitrite, in conjunction with an acid, such as sulphuric acid.
The substances and products first before mentioned, when being subjected to
any of the processes of treatment herein described, are ceither to be melted or
heated in a suitable vessel alone or with water, in which case the substances or
products under treatment will, when melted, float on the surface of the water.
After the fatty, oily, and other substances or products before mentioned have
been subjected to any of the modes of treatment herein described, they are
to be washed with water so as to remove any acid, salts, or other impurities
remaining, and they may then be employed either in the manufacture of soap,
or for the manufacture or production of candles, to which purpose paraffine is
more particularly adapted.
In carrying out the foregoing Invention, the before-mentioned substances or
products contained in suitable vessels by preference containing water are
melted, and when being subjected to any of the before-mentioned processes
the temperature is elevated so as to retain the substances or products in a
fluid condition, but care must be taken that the temperature does not become
too clevated, as the action in such case will be too energetic. I prefer
employing sulphuric acid containing from 5 to 10 per cent. of azoto-sulphuric
acid, but I do not confine myself to these limits.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Leo de La Peyrouse in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEO
DE LA PEYROUSE, of 13, Panton Square, in the County of Middlesex, Manu- 3:
facturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me
the said Leo de La Peyrouse, Her special license, that I,. the said
Leo de La Peyrouse, my executors, administrators, and assigns,. or such
others as I, the said Leo de La Peyrouse, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING NEUTRAL AND ACID FATTY
OR OILY SUBSTANCES, RESINS AND RESINOUS SUBSTANCES AND COMPOUNDS OR PRODUCTS
CONTAINING PARAFFINE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Leo de La Peyrouse, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leo de La Peyrouse, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the treatment of neutral and acid fatty
and oily substances, and of resins or resinous substances and of products and
compounds containing paraffine, in order to obtain products or compounds
suitable for the manufacture of soap, or for the manufacture or production of
candles, and consists in subjecting the before-mentioned substances, compounds,
or products containing the same to the action of azoto-sulphuric acid, or of
sulphuric acid containing azoto-sulphuric acid in solution, and to the products
of the decomposition of azoto-sulphuric acid by means of water, and also to
the products of its decomposition by means of water, and of organic matters.
Azoto-sulphuric acid may be obtained by passing nitrous acid into or by
mixing the same with sulphuric acid, or it may be obtained by the direct
combination of azotous or nitrous acid and sulphurous acid, or of bypoazotic
acid and sulphuric acid, or by any other means.
My improvements further consist in subjecting the substances before
mentioned to the action of a salt or compound of nitric acid, such as nitrate of

page_text: soda, or any other suitable nitrate, in conjunction with sulphuric or any other
suitable acid, with the addition of a reducing substance or agent, such as
treacle, sawdust, starch, or any other suitable reducing agent, so that when
these substances react upon each other, the nitric acid may be reduced, and
the desired compound of nitrogen may be produced..
My improvements also consist in subjecting the substances and products
, firstly before mentioned to the action of a nitrite, such as nitrite of soda, or
any other suitable nitrite, in conjunction with an acid, such as sulphuric acid.
The substances and products first before mentioned, when being subjected to
any of the
processes of treatment herein described, are either to be melted or
heated in a suitable vessel alone or with water, in which case the substances or
products under treatment will, when melted, float on the surface of the water.
After the fatty, oily, and other substances or products before mentioned have
been subjected to any of the modes of treatment herein described, they are to
be washed with water so as to remove any acid, salts, or other impurities
remaining, and they may then be employed either in the manufacture of soap,
or for the manufacture or production of candles, to which purpose paraffine is
more particularly adapted.
In carrying out my Invention, I procced as follows:-The fatty and other
substances before mentioned are maintained in a fluid state, and are mixed
with from five to ten per cent. of common sulphuric acid, containing in solution
from one to two per cent. of azoto-sulphuric acid, produced either by the
direct combination of nitrous and sulphurous acids, or of hypoazotic acid and
sulphuric acid. After having been allowed to remain in contact from six to
twelve hours, according to the materials operated upon, and after having under-
gone repeated washings with hot water until all traces of acid are removed,
the fatty and other substances when cold will be found to have considerably
increased in hardness; and if it be now subjected to distillation in a current of
superheated steam, a larger amount of material fitted for the manufacture of
candles will be obtained than would have resulted had the ordinary process of
manufacture been adopted, or azoto-sulphuric acid may be gradually added in
small quantities to a small amount of tepid water, on the surface of which will
float the melted fatty or other substances herein-before mentioned. I have
found that the azoto-sulphuric acid may be advantageously employed in the
proportion of half to one per cent. to the fatty and other matters to be treated.
The fatty and other substances after having been subjected to the before-
mentioned treatment when cold, and after having been subjected to repeated
washings, so as to remove all traces of acid, may be saponified with lime, as is
well understood, and in this case even a larger quantity of solid fatty matter

page_text: is obtained on decomposition of the lime soap by means of a suitable acid.
Or the fatty and other substances and products herein-before mentioned are
maintained in a fluid state, and are agitated with a mixture previously prepared
of from about one to two per cent. of azotic acid, or of an azotate, or of an
azotite and with organic matter, such as treacle, starch, dextrine, sawdust,
&c., &c., alone or held in suspension in water. These are well mixed together
and sulphuric acid is gradually to be added thereto, taking care that con-
tinuous stirring be maintained in order that the whole may form as homogenous
a mass as possible. The result is a reaction by which azoto-sulphuric acid is
produced. This product reacting on the organic matter and on the water is
gradually decomposed, from which decomposition bubbles of gas are thrown
off; should these escape too quickly, the decomposition is to be arrested by
the addition of tepid water to the mixture. In all cases the fatty and other
substances and compounds, when treated as herein-before described, the
products, after having been washed with water, and when either subjected to
distillation or to saponification, will be found to yield a much larger propor-
tion of solid matter fitted for the manufacture of candles or the production
of soap than when treated by the ordinary processes of manufacture. It is
to be understood that paraffine and substances containing paraffine are not
to be subjected to the saponification process, but to distillation only.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
The treatment of the substances and products herein-before mentioned
with azoto-sulphuric acid (Az0, 250.) and with the products resulting
from its decomposition by water or organic substances for the purposes and
in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leo de La Peyrouse, bave hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of November One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-two.
LEO DE LA PEYROUSE. (L.S.)