IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND RAREFYING FLUIDS APPLICABLE FOR FORCING, DRIVING, OR DRAWING GASES THROUGH LIQUIDS OR OTHER MATTERS, AND ALSO FOR FILTERING AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, and of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR COMPRESSING AND RAREFYING FLUIDS APPLICABLE FOR FORCING, DRIVING,
OR DRAWING GASES THROUGH LIQUIDS OR OTHER MATTERS, AND ALSO FOR
FILTERING AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 2nd April 1875, and dated the 9th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1874.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND RAREFYING FLUIDS APPLICABLE FOR FORCING,
DRIVING, OR DRAWING GASES THROUGH LIQUIDS OR OTHER MATTERS, AND ALSO FOR
FILTERING AND FOR-OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of improved apparatus

page_text: principally for compressing and rarefying fluids, the improved apparatus
being also applicable for aerating liquids, that is to say, for driving,
forcing, or drawing gases through them, and also through solids or semi-
fluid, or pulpy, or viscous matters, also for filtering and for other useful
purposes.
My invention consists in constructing and employing a jet apparatus
to be actuated by steam (which I prefer for the purpose) or by other
motive agent for the purpose of compressing and rarefying fluids to any
required degree, such degree being controllable, as afterwards described,
for the particular purpose to which the apparatus is to be applied.
In this apparatus I use a nozzle through which the actuating jet is
admitted, and which is combined with two or more mixing nozzles for
the introduction of the fluid to be drawn, driven, or forced. These
nozzles are graduated as regards their sectional area, so that such area
increases gradually, each mixing nozzle having a greater sectional area
than the preceding one. These nozzles are combined with a diverging
tube through which the fluid is forced, discharged, or expelled. A
conical and adjustable spindle in the steam nozzle is used to regulate
the admission and passage of the steam.
When the steam jet issues from the actuating nozzle it passes through
the mixing nozzles through which an influx of air or other fluid takes
place. The fluid mixes with the steam or other actuating jet and
receives velocity from it, so that one jet is formed of constantly or
differentially increasing volume, the action being therefore such that the
jet which passes through (and is so to speak formed in) any one nozzle
forms the actuating jet for the next nozzle.
The valve spindle is adjusted in the steam nozzle so as to regulate the
steam passage.
I sometimes force the gas or air through the liquid or other matter by
a perforated pipe or a perforated false or loose bottom fitted at the lower
part of the vessel or chamber containing the matter to be treated so
that the gases or air may issue through such pipe or bottom. Or the
vessel may be closed and a connection made above the level of the liquid
so that the suction part of the apparatus shall be in communication with
the space above the liquid in order that a partial vacuum is produced,
and any gases which communicate with the perforated pipe or bottom

page_text: are drawn through the liquid. A partial vacuum may be produced by
this method and apparatus under the filtering chambers of filters so as to
expedite the process of filtering. Instead of air other permanent gases
be used in like manner.
may
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernst Körting in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th April 1875.
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Ernst Körting, Her special license,
that I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND RABEFYING FLUIDS APPLICABLE
FOR FORCING, DRIVING, OR DRAWING GASES THROUGH LIQUIDS OR OTHER MATTERS,
AND ALSO FOR FILTERING AND FOR OTHER Useful PurpOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, tho said Ernst Körting, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describo and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW VE that T the mid Tronst Racine din house dinalawa

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The object of this Invention is the construction of improved apparatus
for compressing and rarefying fluids, the apparatus being also applicable
for driving, forcing, or drawing gases through fluids or aerating them;
also for driving, forcing, or drawing gases through solids and semi-fluid,
pulpy, and viscous matters. It is also applicable for filtering and for
other useful purposes.
My Invention consists in constructing and employing a jet apparatus
to be actuated by steam or other motive agent (but steam is the agent I
prefer) for the purpose of compressing and rarefying fluids to any
required degrec, such degree being controllable, as afterwards described,
for the particular purpose to which the apparatus is to be applied.
In my apparatus I use a nozzle through which the actuating jet is
admitted, and which is combined with two or more mixing nozzles for
the introduction of the fluid to be drawn, driven, or forced. These
nozzles are graduated as regards their sectional area,
the sectional area
of each consecutive nozzle being greater than that of the immediately
preceding nozzle; thus there is a gradual increase in the sectional area
of the nozzles of the series. These nozzles are combined with a diverging
tube through which the fluid is forced, discharged, or expelled. A
conical and adjustable spindle in the steam nozzle is used to regulate
the admission and passage of the steam.
When the steam jet issues from the actuating nozzle it passes through
the mixing nozzles, through which an influx of air or other aeriform or
gaseous fluid takes place. The air, gas, or fluid mixes with the steam
or other actuating jet and receives velocity from it, so that each jet is
formed of constantly or differentially increasing volume, the action
being therefore such that the jet which passes through (and is so to
speak formed in) any one nozzle forms the actuating jet for the next
nozzle.
The valve spindle is adjusted in the steam nozzle so as to regulate the
steam passage.
1

page_text: part of the vessel or chamber containing the matter to be treated so that
the gases or air may issue through such pipe or bottom. Or the vessel
may be closed and a connection made above the level of the liquid or
matter so that the suction part of the apparatus shall be in communi-
cation with the space above the liquid or matter in order that a partial
vacuum shall be produced, and any gases which communicate with tho
perforated pipe or bottom are drawn through the liquid or matter. A
partial vacuum may be produced by this method and apparatus under or
in combination with the filtering chambers of filters so as to expedite
the process of filtering. Instead of air other permanent gases may be
1:1

page_text: Instead of one inlet there may be several such inlets. Various kinds
of gases may thus be drawn in at the same time and caused to combine
with the driving jet and with each other and form one fluid, gaseous,
or aeriform body when discharged from the diverging tube.
The mechanical constructive details of the apparatus may of course be t
obviously modified.
Figure 2 shows in sectional elevation the apparatus combined with a
vat or vessel v filled with liquid to be aerated or charged with air or
gas (or only to be agitated). p is a perforated pipe lying along the
bottom of the vat or vessel and placed in communication with the 1
discharge opening of the apparatus, by which means air or gas is forced
into the pipe. This air or gas rising in small bubbles through the liquid
will mix intimately with it and agitate it thoroughly.
To prevent the steam or condensation water from damaging the liquid
a cooler and trap may be placed between the discharge opening and the 1
vat or vessel.
Figure 3 shows in sectional elevation the apparatus represented in
Figure 1 combined with a filtering apparatus in such manner that a
partial vacuum will be produced by exhausting the vat in which the
lifters are placed. The pressure of the atmosphere will greatly expedite
the filtering of the liquid.
Wherever in the course of this Specification I use the term air-com-
pressing apparatus, I wish it to be implied that its use is not confined to
the compressing of atmospheric air, as it may also be used as a com-
presser of any permanent gas.
The apparatuses above described may be used for many industrial
purposes; for instance, they may be employed in various manufacture
in which air or gases are required to regulate pressure (say to four or five
pounds on the square inch). The heat or moisture imparted to the air or gas
does not interfere with their application for these purposes. Also where
pipes or vessels have to be discharged or exhausted to a limited extent
(say six to eight pounds on the square inch) either continuously or at
intervals these apparatuses will be useful.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,--
First. The construction, arrangement, and employment of steam iet.

page_text: air, gas, or fluid compressing or rarefying apparatus provided with a
central steam nozzle and with two or more mixing nozzles in which the
air or gas is combined with a driving steam jet and with a diverging tube
connected with the last mixing nozzle, substantially as herein-before
described and exemplified in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The general arrangement, combination, and method of action
of apparatus, substantially as herein-before described and for the purpose
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.