Improvements in Cartridge Shells.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1893-Accepted, 22nd July, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cartridge Shells.
I, CHARLES EDGAR OVERBAUGH, of 21, West 37th Street Bayonne New
Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturer and Dealer in Guns Ammunition
and Sporting Goods do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to cartridge shells for breech loading guns and it is of
the class having a paper or similar body and a metal breech or head, and the
invention consists in the construction and novel arrangement of the breech and in
the manner of attaching it to the body.
I will describe a cartridge shell embodying my invention and then point out the
novel features in claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a cartridge, embodying one feature of my
invention.
Figure 2 is a section of a metal breech in its condition before being placed on the
body portion.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the body portion, thereof as it appears
before the breech is attached thereto.
Figure 4 is a section showing a modified construction.
Figure 5 is an interior plan view of a breech.
Figure 6 is an outer plan view thereof.
Figure 7 is a section of another modified form of breech.
Figure 8 illustrates the breech shown in Figure 7, as applied to the body.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section showing a modified construction of a shell
embodying my improvement.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal section of a paper body portion.
Figure 11 is a section of a portion of the metal breech and clamping jaw.
Figure 12 is a bottom view thereof.
Figure 13 is a section of a portion of the metal breech as it appears before
engaging with the other part of the breech.
Figure 14 is a bottom view thereof.
Figure 15 is a bottom view of Figure 10.
Referring by letter to the drawings A designates the shell or body portion
usually made of paper and suitably waterproofed if desired. B designates the
breech which may be made of metal such as aluminium or brass. In each example
of my improvement the metal breech is provided with annular jaws to engage the
end of the body A. In Figure 2 the outer jaw and the inner jaw are substan-
tially parallel at all points of the inner surfaces. Figure 1 shows the breech B
attached to the body A in the following manner. After inserting the end of the
body portion between the jaws b b as shown the jaws are forced laterally towards
each other by means of any suitable tools engaging against the outer surface of
the jaw b. This compresses the material of the body and as the ends of the jaws
joined to the main portion of the breech cannot be pressed together shoulders b²
are formed which engage an annular bead like end of the body A so that the
body cannot be easily detached from the breech.
In the example shown in Figure 4, the breech B is provided with the integral
outer jaw b, but the inner jaw is made separate therefrom and consists of a substan-
tially cup shaped metal piece C. In this example the piece C is provided with
an outwardly extending annular bead c at its base so that when the jaw b is
pressed against the body material the end of the body material will be forced into
...6.1

page_text: an annular channel c' at the base of the jaw said channel being formed when the
jaw is pressed inwards.
In the example shown in Figure 7 the jaw 6 has a longitudinally curved inner
surface extending a short distance from its junction with the breech B. The
inner jaw is like the jaw shown in Figure 2. When the breech shown in
Figure 7 is attached to the body the inner jaw is forced outwards or enlarged by
a suitable tool so that it assumes the position shown in Figure 8 firmly grasping
the end of the body portion.
In the example, shown in Figure 9 of the drawings A designates the paper
body portion of the shell having an inwardly turned annular lip or flange a at its
lower end.
B, designates the outer portion of the breech preferably of aluminium. It has
a central opening and the wall of said opening is bevelled outwards as shown at x.
The breech portion B has an integral annular jaw portion a¹ adapted to embrace
the outer side of a portion of the body A.
R is the inner portion of the metal breech, adapted to clamp the lip or flange a
of the body A between the portions B, R of the breech.
The portion R has an undercut portion S to engage over the inner surface of
the lip or flange a; an undercut portion S¹ to engage the inner surface of the
portion B around the opening through it, and a hub portion S² to pass through the
opening in the portion B.
Before the parts B, R are swaged together the hub S2 of the part R in all
its parts has a circumference substantially equal to the smaller circumference of
the opening through the parts B, as shown in Figures 13 and 14.
When the parts are placed together the hub portion S2 is swaged outwards by
suitable tools, to engage the bevelled wall of the opening through the part B of the
breech, as shown in Figure 9. The dotted lines in Figure 13, also show the
form of the hub after being swaged.
A shell or cartridge made in accordance with my improvement has all the
advantages of a metal shell but can be made much cheaper. Its advantage over
the ordinary paper shell is that its breech can be made much thinner and lighter,
and the danger of pulling off the head when extracting the cartridge is very much
-decreased.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. In a cartridge shell the combination of a paper body and a metal breech
portion having the integral jaws movable laterally one towards the other for com-
pressing a portion of and permanently clamping the paper body, the said paper
body having an annular head formed at its end to engage an annular shoulder of
a jaw, substantially as specified.
2. In a cartridge shell, the combination with a paper body having an inwardly
turned lip or flange, of a metal breech portion having a jaw surrounding the body
for a part of its length, and provided with a central bevelled opening, and a second
metal breech portion having an outwardly swaged hub-the lip or flange of the
paper body being held between the two metal breech portions, substantially as set
forth.
3. In a cartridge shell, the combination with a paper body having an inwardly
turned lip or flange, of a metal breech portion connected to the body and
having a central bevelled opening, and a second metal breech portion having the
undercut S, the undercut S₁ and the hub portion, all arranged substantially as set.
forth.
·
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for Applicant.