New or Improved Rollers or Apparatus for the Treatment of Grain or Seeds and Products obtained thereby.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1890-Accepted, 1st Nov., 1830
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Rollers or Apparatus for the Treatment of Grain
or Seeds and Products obtained thereby.
I JOSEPH ADDEY FAWCETT of Quebec Street Wakefield in the County of York
Corn Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:―
My present invention consists in the arrangement and combination of mechanism
for compressing, flattening or crushing or cracking grain cercals or seeds more
particularly by means of many sided rollers or rollers having many sides on the
circumference or surface thereof as distinct from corrugations. The rollers are set
in a frame and so arranged as to work parallel or face to face with or to each
other and adjustable to or from each other and made to revolve by means of
gearing or belts preferably at equal speeds and thus the angles on the surface of
the respective rollers exactly or nearly touching each other which as they revolve
form a succession of inclined openings or channels from end to end of the rollers
into which the grain cereals or seeds are regularly passed by suitable appliance
or mechanical device. The grain cereals or seeds passing into these openings or
channels are seized and compressed or flattened or crushed or cracked according
to the character of or dryness or otherwise of the respective substances passed
therein by the closing together of the faces of the two opposed rollers at a certain
distance apart from each other. I may employ heat or moisture or both in the
feed hopper or otherwise to treat such grain cereals or seeds before passing them
between or on to the rollers and after treatment I may apply heat or moisture
or both to the products obtained as the result of such treatment on or by my new
or improved rollers. My improvements also consist in combining two or more of
such sets of rollers and passing such grain cereals or seeds from one set on to
another set for further treatment or succeeding rollers may have corrugated or
plain or smooth surfaces or I may employ mills or millstones to further treat such
substances after passing my new or improved rollers in combination therewith.
Seives or other apparatus in the usual way may be employed to separate different
sized portions or particles which may have been made or produced as the result
of the compressing flattening or crushing or cracking process or other processes.
In some cases split or cut the grain cereals or seeds before passing the products
on to my new or improved rollers mills or millstones in combination therewith.
In some cases depending largely upon the size of the grain cereals or seeds to be
operated upon and to attain the desired result I dull the angles between the flat
surfaces on my new or improved rollers so that there is no sharp cutting surface.
I also make the flattened surfaces on my new or improved rollers very slightly:
concave or convex SO as to enable such flattened surfaces to grip better the
substances passed therein. The flat surfaces of my new or improved rollers may
be straight from end to end of the rollers or they may be twisted or helically
thereon. The pressure put upon the grain cereals or seeds causes them or portions
of them to adhere to my new or improved rollers therefore in combination
therewith I use mechanical brushes or scrapers to remove such grain or portions
thereof.
Dated this 31st day of December 1889.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Rollers or Apparatus for the Treatment of Grain
or Seeds and Products obtained thereby.
I JOSEPH ADDEY FAWCETT of Quebec Street, Wakefield in the County of York,
Corn Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My present invention consists in the arrangement and combination of mechanism
for compressing, flattening or crushing grain, cereals or seeds more particularly
by means of many sided rollers or rollers having many sides or longitudinal flats on
the circumference or surface thereof as distinct from indents or corrugations. The
rollers are set in a frame and so arranged as to work parallel and the flat surfaces
face to face with or to each other the rollers being adjustable to or from each
other and made to revolve by means of gearing or belts preferably at equal speeds
and thus the angles on the surfaces of the respective rollers exactly or nearly
touching each other as desirable which as they revolve offer or form a succession
of inclined openings or channels from end to end of the two adjacent rollers into
which the grain, cereals or seeds are regularly passed by suitable appliance or
mechanical device.
The grain, cereals or seeds passing into these openings or channels are seized
and compressed, flattened, caked or crushed, according to the character of or
dryness or otherwise of the respective substances passed therein, by the closing
together of the faces or longitudinal flats of the two opposed rollers at a certain
distance apart from each other. I may employ heat or moisture or both heat and
moisture in the feed hopper or otherwise to treat or condition such grain, cereals
or seeds before passing them between or on to the rollers and after treatment by
the rollers I may employ heat or moisture or both heat and moisture to the
products obtained as the result of such treatment by my new or improved rollers.
My improvements also consist in combining two or more of such sets of rollers
and passing such grain, cereals or seeds from one set of such rollers on to another
set of such rollers for further treatment or succeeding rollers may have grooved
or plain surfaces or I may employ mills or millstones to further flatten or treat
such substances after first passing my new or improved rollers in combination
therewith. Sieves or other apparatus in the usual way may be employed to
seperate the smaller portions or particles which may have been made or produced
as the result of the crushing, flattening, compressing or caking processes. I
may split the grain, cereals or seeds before passing them on to my new or
improved rollers.
In some cases depending largely upon the size and kind of the grain, cereals or
seeds to be operated upon and to attain the desired flattening or compressed
result I dull the angles between the flat surfaces on my new or improved rollers so
that these do not penetrate or cut the skin or envelope of the grain, cereals or
seeds as also the better to seize and draw the materials between the rollers. The
longitudinal flats or surfaces of my new or improved rollers may be straight from
end to end of the rollers or they may be somewhat twisted or hellically thereon.
The pressure put upon the grain, cereals or seeds causes them or portions of them
to adhere to my new or improved rollers therefore in combination therewith I use the
common devices of brushes or scrapers to remove such grain cereals or seeds or
portions thereof. The drawing illustrates the manner in which I work my invention.
My new or improved rollers are mounted in a frame and the grain cereals or
seeds are fed and the rollers worked by common mechanical devices in various
ways, which details form no part of my invention, but in order to shew how the
same may be put in operation reference is made to the plans accompanying this
Specification. A is a feed hopper with feeding roll 6 delivering material to and
between my new or improved rollers C and d. The rollers C rotates in fixed journals

page_text: in main frame whilst the roller d rotates in journals which by means of screw and
hand wheel can be adjusted towards or apart from the roller C. Arrows indicate
direction rollers run and material is delivered to hopper box e. It is obvious three
rollers or two sets may be mounted in a single frame or in any manner well known.
7 illustrates a form of brush and K a scraper both for removing from rollers any
adhering portions of the materials after passing between the rollers. The rollers may
be made of any suitable material. Although the drawing illustrates rollers having
twelve sides or longitudinal flats I would have it understood I do not confine myself
to that number as the rollers may have more or less number of sides or longitudinal
flats according to size of rollers and size of grain, cereals or seeds to be operated
upon, further what I wish it to be understood as constituting my invention is the
particular manner of using my new or improved rolls or rollers also the longitudinal
flats or sides on surface thereof and the production of compressed, flattened or caked
grain, cereals or seeds.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
'
First. Rollers having many sides or longitudinal flats which can be arranged to
work substantially as herein set forth and described.
Secondly. Rollers having many sides or longitudinal flats working in combination
with smooth or grooved rollers or rolls, mills or millstones substantially as berein
described.
Thirdly. Rollers having many sides or longitudinal flats working in combination
with brushes or scrapers substantially as herein described.
Fourthly. Products as result of Blattening or compressing or caking grain, cereals
or seeds substantially as herein described.
Dated this 19th day of September 1890.
JOSEPH ADDEY FAWCETT,