Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 22nd Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Feb., 1887.
I, CHARLES GANNAWAY, of 18 Merryland Street, Govan, in the Counties of Lanark
and Renfrew, North Britain, Steam Ship Inspector do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to an improved ventilator, is applicable for the
ventilation of ships, buildings and other spaces generally wherein vitiated or foul air
or gases collect.
The Invention consists, in its simplest form, of a vertical tube down through which
a current of fresh air is forced or passes. This vertical pipe has a discharge orifice at
or near the bottom and the entering fresh air forces the vitiated air or gas to the
upper part of the chamber whereat it enters a space which may wholly or partly
only surround the vertical pipe. This passage constitutes the discharge orifice. Thus
it follows that a continuous ventilation of a single chamber, for which this simplest
form of the ventilator is adapted, is maintained.
When it is desired to ventilate a series of rooms or chambers one above the other,
as for example, in the construction of a ship, the vertical pipe down through which
the fresh air passes has a discharge orifice at the lower part of each section thereof
corresponding to the bottom of each chamber, and at the upper part of each chamber
there is provided an ascending discharge passage each of which surrounds, or may
wholly or partly surround the vertical pipe and the other ascending passages.
It is to be understood thai, although the ventilator has been mentioned as being
placed vertically which is its position of highest efficiency, yet local circumstances
may require the position of the ventilator to be placed differently, for example,
inclined.
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON,
115, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Petitioner's Agents.

page_text: 1. CHARLES GANNAWAY of 18 Merryland Street, Goyan, in the Counties of Lanark
and Renfrew, North Britain, Steam Ship Inspector do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
1**
My Invention, which relates to an improved, ventilator, is applicable for the
ventilation of ships, buildings and other spaces generally wherein vitiated or foul air
or gases collect.
The Invention consists, in its simplest form, of a vertical tube or pipe constructed
of metal, wood or other material down through which a current of fresh air is forced
or passes. This vertical tube or pipe has a discharge orifice at or near the bottom;
and the entering, that is descending fresh air forces the vitiated air or gas to the
upper part of the chamber or space, whereat it enters a space and which may wholly
or partly only surround the aforesaid vertical tube or pipe. This space or passage
constitutes the discharge. Thus it follows that a continuous ventilation of a single,
chamber, for which this simplest form of the ventilator is adapted is maintained.
When it is desired to ventilate a series of rooms or chambers one above the other,
as for example, in the case of a ship, the vertical tube or pipe down through which the
fresh air passes, has a. discharge orifice at or near to the lower part of, each section
thereof, and at the upper part of each chamber there is provided an ascending discharge
passage or passages, each of which surrounds, or may wholly or partly surround the
vertical pipe and the outer ascending passage as hereinafter more fully described.
It is to be understood that although the ventilator has been mentioned as being
placed vertically which is its position of highest efficiency, yet local circumstances,
may require the position of the ventilator to be altered, for example, it may be
inclined.
In order that my Invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect, will now proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
On sheet of the annexed drawings, Figure is a vertical section of my improved
ventilator in its simplest form as applied to ventilating a single chamber which for
example may be taken as the space between two decks of a ship respectively marked
A and B. In the case of a ship moving quickly at sea and in the direction indicated
by the arrow Q, a downward current is effected through the vertical tube D, and
discharged at the lower part thereof as indicated by the arrows in the figure. The
effect of this action is that fresh air is continuously discharged into the lower part of
the space between the floors or decks A and B, whilst, the air previously contained in
the said space is as continuously driven out upwards through the annular space E,

page_text: and out through the discharge mouth-F: The upper part of the ventilator consisting
of the inlet and discharge mouths D. and, F respectively is preferably so constructed'
that it may fit over or upon the tubes or pipes D'and G in order to be turned in any
required direction and as shewn in the aforesaid Figure 1.
Bigure. 2. on sheet 2 of the annexed drawings is a vertical' section of'a ventilator
corresponding to that shewn on sheet of the drawings but in this case illustrated as
applied to the ventilation of two spaces or cliambers one above the other: Figure 3 is
a vertical of the same with the upper part in elevation and in the direction of the
motions of the ship that is to say shewing by the arrows the fresh air descending
through the ventilator, whilst Figure 4. is a similar section with the upper part in
elevation shewing by the arrows the discharge of the vitiated air.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are respectively_transverse-or-horizonal sections corresponding
to Figures 2, 3 and 4 on the line. ab whilst Figures 8; 9 and 10 are respectively
transverse or horizontal sections.of the aforesaid Figures 2,3 and 4 respectively taken
on the line c, d.
On referring to these Figures. on sheet 2, it will be seen that as the air descends
through the tube or pipe D, a portion thereof discharges itself first through the
orifice D at or near to the lower part of the upper chamber or space X thereby
continuously expelling the vitiated air in the space or chamber X up through the
discharge passage E, whilst another portion of the descending air passes down through
the lower part of the tube D and discharges itself into the second space or chamber Y,
and forces continuously the vitiated air therein up through the discharge passage H.
both discharge passages E. and H. respectively leading to the same discharge mouth F.
As will be seen by reference to Figures 2, 8, 9 and 10 the discharge pipe. D. in that
section of it situated within the space X is divided into two portions by the partition L
whereby the descending current is divided so as to discharge itself into two portions,
one of which enters the chambers X and Y, respectively.
Figure 11, sheet 3, of the annexed drawings shews my improved ventilator applied
to the ventilation of the spaces or chambers respectively marked X, Y, and Z, and
situated one above each other as shewn.
As it sometimes happens that a downward draught through the entering mouth D.
cannot be obtained for example, in the case of a sailing ship when becalmed at sea and
not unfrequently in the case of buildings or structures on land when there is an
absence of wind it becomes in such case necessary to provide artificial mechanical
means for the production of such downward current. This may be effected in various
ways. For example a jet of steam or air may be forced vertically downwards through
the descending tube or pipe D, and which by the inducing action thereof causes a
downward current of fresh air therein. In place however of using such a jet descending
through the tube or pipe D, it may be used to act upon the vanes of a wheel M,
Figures 12 and 13 of the annexed drawings, this wheel being carried upon the shaft N,
of a blowing fan O, and on the other end of the shaft N, another fan wheel Q. is
carried for the purpose of producing an upward current in the discharge passage E.
The jet in Figures 12 and 13 passes upwards through the pipe P and impinges on the
vane wheel M. whereby its rapid rotation is effected and a descending current is
thereby produced down through the discharge piece R, into the tube or pipe D. Such
fan may also be driven by a coiled spring.
It is to be understood that the ventilating head consisting of the mouth pieces F
and D may be made plain or corrugated and of any material and in all cases they are
preferably so fitted as to turn the ventilating head so as to catch the direction in which
the wind is blowing.
Having now particularly and ascertained the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The improved ventilator wherein through the inlet mouth a descending
current of fresh air is discharged at the lower part of a chamber or at or near the
lower parts of a series of chambers or spaces one above the other and so that the

page_text: descending fresh air causes the air contained in such space or spaces to be continuously
discharged through a space or spaces partially or wholly surrounding the descending
tube or pipe substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn upon the annexed
sheets of drawings.
Second. The combination with the improved ventilator of a jet or jets of air or
steam or of a fan or blower for producing the current of fresh air in the descending
tube or pipes D. substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
J. H. JOHNSON, DAY & JOHNSON;
Applicant's Agents.