IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF METALLIC BUTT HINGES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Underhill, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Brassfounder, and John Cartland, of Birmingham, afore-
said, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF METALLIC BUTT HINGES."
ealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 1st November 1876.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Underhill and John
Cartland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November
1876.
JOSEPH UNDERHILL, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brassfounder, and JOHN CARTLAND, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BUTT HINGES."
Our Invention consists in manufacturing metallic butt hinges by preparing in
the ways hereinafter described strips or narrow sheets of iron, brass, or other
metal or alloy possessing the requisite ductility, and cutting the flaps and the ears
for the knuckles therefrom, the finished hinge being manufactured from the blanks
so made in the ordinary way.
We will describe our Invention in connection with the manufacture of butt
hinges of brass and iron. We take an ingot of brass or bar of wrought iron, and
by means of ordinary rolling machinery we roll the said ingot or bar into a long
strip having a width exceeding the combined width of the two flaps of the hinge to
be manufactured, and the metal from which the knuckles are to be made, and a
thickness somewhat greater than that of the flaps of the hinge to be made. We
then subject the strip of metal to the ordinary drawing process so as to reduce its
breadth and thickness, and at the same time to produce a depression or broad groove
running along its middle from end to end, the thickness of metal at the said
depression or groove being about one-half that of the thickness on either side. The
strip so produced is cut transversely into the required lengths, and by means of a
press and cutting tools each of the lengths is so divided as to produce two blanks
consisting respectively of a flap, and the ears or projections from which the knuckles
of the hinge are made. Or the grooved strip is operated upon by cutting tools,
by which one flap and its ears are cut from it by one operation, and the other flap
and its ears by a second operation, the said second operation making a straight
Di 11

page_text: '
transverse incision by which the second flap is cut from the grooved strip; or the
required groove or depression may be made in the middle of the strip by the rolling
process. In this case the rolls first used are plain and effect only the elongation
and reduction in thickness of the strip, while one of the rolls of the pair or pairs of
rolls employed in completing the rolling is provided with a collar of a size and shape
proper to produce the required depression or groove.
Instead of producing the grooved strip from an ingot or bar, strips of brass or
iron of the kind met with in commerce may be employed, the strips having a
somewhat greater width and thickness than the grooved strips to be produced.
The required grooving may be given to the said strips either by drawing or
rolling.
The iron we employ is either wrought iron, or the kind of annealed cast iron
commonly called malleable iron.
The rolls and drawing machinery we employ are of the ordinary kind, and the
manufacture of butt hinges from blanks made according to our Invention.is com-
pleted in the ordinary way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Underhill and John Cartland in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd April 1877.
JOSEPH UNDERHILL, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brassfounder, and JOHN CARTLAND, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BUTT HINGES."
66
Our Invention consists in manufacturing metallic butt hinges. by preparing in
the ways herein-after described strips of narrow sheets of iron, brass, or other metal
or alloy possessing the requisite ductility, and cutting the flaps and the cars for the
knuckles therefrom, the finished hinge being manufactured from the blanks so mado
in the ordinary way.
We will describe our Invention in connection with the manufacture of butt
hinges of brass and iron.
We take an ingot of brass or bar of wrought iron, and
by means of ordinary rolling machinery we roll the said ingot or bar into a long
strip having a width exceeding the combined width of the two flaps of the hinge to
be manufactured, and the metal from which the knuckles are to be made, and a
thickness somewhat greater than that of the flaps of the hinge to be made. We
then subject the strip of metal to the ordinary drawing process so as to reduce its
breadth and thickness, and at the same time to produce a depression or broad groove
running along its middle from end to end, the thickness of metal at the said
depression or groove being about one-half that of the thickness on either side. The
strip so produced is cut transversely into the required lengths, and by means of a
press and cutting tools each of the lengths is so divided as to produce two blanks
consisting respectively of a flap, and the ears or projections from which the knuckles
of the hinge are made. Or the grooved strip is operated upon by cutting tools by
which one flap and its ears are cut from it by one operation, and the other flap and
its ears by a second operation, the said second operation making a straight
transverse incision by which the second flap is cut from the grooved strip; or
the required groove or depression may be made in the middle of the strip by the
rolling process. In this case the rolls first used are plain and effect only the
elongation and reduction in thickness of the strip, while one of the rolls of the pair
or pairs of rolls employed in completing the rolling is provided with a collar of a
size and shape proper to produce the required depression or groove.
Instead of producing the grooved strip from an ingot or bar, strips of brass or
iron of the kind met with in commerce may be employed, the strips having a
somewhat greater width and thickness than the grooved strips to be produced. Tho

page_text: required grooving may be given to the said strips either by drawing or rolling, or
by means of a planing machine.
The rolls and Drawing machinery we employ are of the ordinary kind, and the
manufacture of butt hinges from blanks made according to our Invention is com-
pleted in the ordinary way.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing
the manner in which our Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan and cross section a portion of a strip or narrow sheet
of iron, brass, or other ductile metal or alloy prepared according to our Invention
to be used in the manufacture of metallic butt hinges; the said strip has a breadth
equal to the combined width of the two flaps of the hinge to be made, and the
metal from which the knuckles are to be made, and along the middle of the strip
and on one side of it a depression or broad groove b is made, the thickness of the
metal c at the said depression or groove b being about one half the thickness of the
parts a, a, on either side of it. From the thick parts a, a, of the strip the flaps of
the hinge are made, and from the thin middle part at c, the knuckles of the hinge
are made. The said grooved strip, Figure 1, is formed in either of the ways berein-
before described, namely, either by rolling down an ingot or bar into a long flat
strip and afterwards reducing its width and thickness, and producing in its middle
the depression or broad groove b by a drawing process, or by a rolling process; or
by taking ordinary commercial strips of brass or iron of the required width and
thickness, and producing in the middle of the strips and on one side thereof by
drawing or rolling the middle depression or groove b. Or instead of producing the
groove or depression 6 by rolling or drawing, the said groove or depression may be
produced in the rolled strip by means of a planing machine.
In making butt hinges from the grooved strip, Figure 1, the said strip is cut
transversly at the dotted lines d, d, so as to form blanks of the required lengths.
The countersunk holes are afterwards made in these blanks or cut off lengths by
drilling or punching. A blank cut from the strip, Figure 1, with the countersunk
holes formed in it is represented in plan of upper side plan of under side and cross
sections in Figure 2. The blank, Figure 2, having been thus formed we divide it
by means of cutting tools at the thin middle part cas indicated in dotted lines into
the two flap blanks represented in plan and edge view in Figure 3. The cutting
tools used for dividing the blank, Figure 2, into the flap blanks, Figure 3, are
worked into a stamp or press; each of the flap blanks, Figure 3, thus produced
consists of a flat part a having along its inner edge the ears or knuckle parts e, e,
the said knuckle parts being of about half the thickness of the flap parts a, a, as
seen in the edge view of Figure 3.
By the use of an ordinary turning up machine, the knuckle parts e, e, are first
bent at their extreme ends as represented in Figure 4, and afterwards bent into the
nearly tubular form represented in Figure 5. The knuckle parts e, e, of the two
flaps, Figure 5, are next interlocked or engaged together, and the joint pin of the
hinge passed through them. The knuckles are finally subjected to the action of a
pair of closing dies worked in a stamp or press, by which they are closed upon the
joint pin and a cylindrical Figure given to them as represented in the finished hinge,
Figure 6.
By an examination of the edge view of Figure 6, it will be seen that the ends of
the knuckles e are closed against the shoulders f. f. of the flaps a. a, whereby
great support and strength is given to the knuckles.
Instead of cutting blanks of the form represented in Figure 2, from the grooved
strip, Figure 1, and afterwards cutting the flap blanks, Figure 3, therefrom, as
before described, the said flap blanks, Figure 3, may be cut directly from the
grooved strip as illustrated in Figure 7; that is to say, we first use a pair of cutting
tools having the form of one of the flap blanks, Figure 3, and by the operation of
the said tools cut the said flap blank from the end of the grooved strip as indicated
in dotted lines in Figure 7, leaving the second flap blank nearly shaped on the end
of the strip. The flap blank first cut from the strip is represented in Figure 8.

page_text: We afterwards use a second pair of cutting tools, which second pair of tools makes
a straight transverse cut as indicated by the dotted lines at g, and thereby separates
the second flap blank from the strip.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we claim as our Inven-
tion, the improvements in the manufacture of metallic butt hinges herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making the
said butt hinges from grooved strips or narrow sheets of iron, brass, or other ductile
metal or alloy of the kind represented in Figure 1, the said grooved strips or narrow
sheets having a breadth equal to the combined width of the two flaps of the hinge,
and the metal from which the knuckles of the hinge are to be made, the said
knuckles of the hinge being made from the thin middle or grooved part of the strip,
and the flaps from the thicker parts on either side of the said thin middle or grooved
part, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness, whereof, we, the said Joseph Underhill and John Cartland, have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Twentieth day of April, in the year
of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
.
JOSEPH UNDERHILL.
JOHN CARTLAND.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)