Improvements in Process and Apparatus for Drying Industrial Vegetable and Chemical Wastes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Nov., 1898-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Process and Apparatus for Drying Industrial
Vegetable and Chemical Wastes.
I, EDMUND LÖWI, of Graz, in the Empire of Austria, Inventor, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention concerns a process and apparatus for drying the wastes
which contain a great proportion of water, such as exhausted chips of beet-root,
molasses, distilling waste, starch waste, malt dregs and the like, as well as the
wastes of manufactories of chemical products etc.
The above mentioned wastes which generally contain more than 90% of water
could hitherto, only be dried by dircct heating or by means of superheated steam
and, especially in cases where the combustion gas passed through the mass to be
dried, only an imperfect product, difficult to digest, was obtained.
The process of the present invention is as follows:
The exhausted chips of beetroot or similar waste, after being divided, at the
same time taking into consideration the preservation of their spongy constitution,
are placed in an exhausting apparatus provided with a special filter, then in
a drying apparatus: they are mixed, in the exhausting or the drying apparatus,
with % to 1% of sediment coming from the purifying of the juice in the sugar-
manufactory.
The annexed drawing gives, as an example, a practical form of construction
of the above-mentioned apparatuses.
And in order that my invention may be thoroughly understood I now proceed
to describe the accompanying drawing thereof, reference being had to letters
and figures marked thereon.
Fig. 1, shows a longitudinal section of the exhausting apparatus.
Fig. 2, is a transverse section of same.
Fig. 3, shows a plane view of same apparatus.
Fig. 4, is an elevated view of the end.
Fig. 5, is a detailed view.
Fig. 6, is a lateral elevation of drying apparatus.
Fig. 7, shows a transverse section of same.
Fig. 8. is a longitudinal section of same.
Fig. 9, and 10, are detailed views.
Fig. 11, shows two schemes indicating the course of the steam in the tubing.
The exhaust apparatus is composed of an iron tank b (Figs. 1 to 1) in which
iron sieves are placed on these sieves is first placed an ordinary wire-gauze 83
then a layer of 3 to 4 centimeters of coarse sand, and finally, on this latter,
another ordinary wire-ganze S¹
are
Between the wire gauze S1 S2 and in the sand-bed small gas-pipes
placed lengthways. these pipes having a diameter of about 6 millimeters and
provided with a large number of small holes through which the steam escapes.
On the upper sieve a layer of turf t about 2 centimeters thick is placed, and on

page_text: this the matter to be exhausted is placed; this said matter being introduced in a hot
state into the recipient a. When this latter is filled, the mouth is opened,
through which the air is sucked by an air-pump.
When the matter contained in the recipient a has been cleared of its water,
the mouth is shut and the orifice w is opened, through which the water sucked
escapes.
The matter cleared of water is then placed in the drying apparatus.
n
This apparatus is composed of 2 to 5 troughs m with double sides, between
which the steam circulates; these troughs being in juxtaposition by twos; in
cach of these troughs is a cluster of tubes n turning in a continuous movement,
with a series of pallets o arranged lozenge-like so that the matter entering each
trough is constantly lifted, spread over the tubes and carried further so as to
carry material from one end of the troughs to the other. The troughs are
enclosed in a chamber q insulated by a felt covering and to which a certain
number of man-holes give access.
At the entrance and exit openings hermetical cocks a¹ and all are placed,
turning continually to allow the continuous refilling and emptying.
The matter introduced into a top opening b¹ falls into the sieve c¹ placed above
the first trough; this matter travels over the whole length of this trough, pushed
by the pallets which are arranged lozenge like, continuous into the second trough
and so on to the last which is situated at the bottom of the apparatus, where it
passes into the cock a".
The steam is introduced at e¹ into the tubing of the lower trough, at the point
where the dried matter leaves, so that a current of hot air can act as a counter
current through the whole stories, because the exhaustion of the air only takes
place in the starting tube gl placed at the top of the apparatus, above the trough.
When the installation comprises two or more apparatuses the gas which dis-
engages during the drying of the matter is exhausted by an injector and
employed for the heating of the next apparatus.
The drying is obtained at a comparatively low temperature, and the heat,
owing to the large heating surface and the counter-current employed, is com-
pletely utilized. The last apparatus may be put into communication with a
condenser or the effluvium may be conducted directly into the chimney.
The produce coming from the apparatus is ground in a suitable mill.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;-
1. A process for drying industrial vegetable wastes, consisting in clearing these
matters first of water, in a suitable exhausting apparatus, then in drying them
in an apparatus containing winding steam-tubes with multiple effect, with the
addition of to 1% of sediments from the purifying of the juice of beet roots,
this addition being also feasible in the exhausting apparatus substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
2. In an exhaust apparatus for removing the water, from industrial vegetable
wastes the combination of sieves enclosing a layer of sand into which perforated
tubes lead the steam, the sieves being covered with a bed of turf, upon which
the matter is placed, an iron tank arranged under the sieves and provided with
a tube through which the air, is exhausted by an air-pump, and a clearing-cock
for the flowing of exhaust water, substantially as described and shown.
3. In a drying apparatus the combination of a succession of troughs enclosed in
a chamber insulated with felt, pallets arranged lozenge-like in said troughs a
cluster of tubes having a rotary movement, and containing the steam which travels
over these different clusters in the reverse direction to that in which the matter
travels from the first to the last trough, the hot air produced from this latter to the
top of the apparatus forming a counter-current, which added to the large heating
surface realized by the arrangement of the apparatus, secures a perfect utilization

page_text: of the heat and a working at a comparatively low temperature; the gas produced
in the chamber containing the troughs being utilised; in case several of these
chambers are employed, for the heating of the next chamber, substantially as
described and shown.
Dalal this d day of Navamhan 1808
J. P. BAYLY,
18, Fulham Place, London, W. Agent for the Applicant.