IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Amos Hustler, Overlooker, of Bradford, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 24th December 1856, and dated the 19th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Amos Hustler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1856.
I, AMOS HUSTLER, Overlooker, of Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to looms where more than two shuttle boxes are used
and employed in the weaving operation. Firstly, in a peculiar arrangement
and adaptation of mechanical parts for effecting the change of position of the
shuttle boxes necessary for producing the pattern required; the principal feature
of which is that in changing the position of the shuttle boxes one or more of
them have motion in a vertical direction, and one or more of them have motion
in a sliding horizontal direction. Secondly, in apparatus and machinery for
regulating the relative number of shoots or traverses of each shuttle across or.
between the warp threads.

page_text: In weaving figured patterns, it is usual to employ a number of shuttle boxes
and shuttles, which are thrown into and out of action during the progress of
the work, in order to introduce different colours in the weft at various times,
and thereby produce the pattern required. To effect this object, heretofore it
has been usual to place the several shuttles and shuttle boxes one above the
other, or side by side in the same plane, and in changing to move them all in a
vertical direction in the one case, and a horizontal direction in the other, to
throw out the one in work, and throw another into operation. It has also been
usual to arrange the several shuttles in a circle, and to change them by rotary
motion. Now, the peculiarity of my Invention consists in the combination of
different movements to effect the change of the shuttles. To produce the
change, I cause one to drop down, or it may be thrown upwards, when it is
thrown out of work, while the other is thrown into work in a lateral or sidelong
direction. In the reverse action the one moves out sideways, and the other
returns in a vertical direction. The boxes containing these shuttles are moved
by means of levers actuated by cams, driven at a suitable rate by gearing in
connection with the crank shaft or other convenient moving part of the loom.
The cams or tappets moving the levers are arranged to impart a quick change
to the shuttle boxes, and so that the one which moves out of work takes a slight
precedence of movement to make room for the other to take its place. If more
than two colours or shuttles are used, two or more shuttle boxes and shuttles
may be placed on each side of the loom, and the acting gear arranged to suit.
The second head refers to the arrangement of the cam apparatus, whereby
the shuttles are changed at intervals after a determined number of shoots of
each or any of the shuttles have been performed; the number of shoots
of each shuttle being determined according to the pattern desired to be
produced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Amos Hustler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AMOS
HUSTLER, Overlooker, of Bradford, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Amos Hustler, Her special license that I, the said Amos Hustler,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Amos Hustler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Amos Hustler,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Amos Hustler, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention of improvements relates to those descriptions of looms used in
weaving operations, wherein two or more shifting or changing shuttle boxes
are employed in each loom for the purpose of changing or varying the weft
thrown in the process of manufacture. In the ordinary construction of looms
of these descriptions, it is usual to employ the shifting or changing shuttle
boxes in each loom in such manner that they are moved into and out of position
for operation wholly in vertical directions, or wholly in horizontal directions, or
wholly in rotary directions. One part of my present improvements consists in
so arranging and constructing and working such descriptions of looms that
(with regard to one of such looms) the shuttle boxes be brought or moved into
positions for operating, and also out of such positions, in different directions,
that is to say, one or more of them move in a vertical direction, or nearly so,
and another or others of them in an horizontal direction, or nearly so, and
whether such be employed upon one side of a loom, or upon one end of a slay
board, or upon both sides of a loom, or upon both ends of a slay board.
Another part of my present improvements consists in the arrangements of the
mechanism and the mode of its action in connection with the shifting or
changing shuttle boxes of such descriptions of looms, by which the shuttle boxes
are brought or moved into or out of position for operation, and so as to de-
termine the number of picks of weft to be made at each change of weft, as, the

page_text: nature or the pattern of the fabric to be manufactured requires. These
improvements I more fully exemplify by reference to the accompanying
Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents a side elevation of sufficient portions of
the outlines of a loom to which one modification of my present improvements
is adapted; Figure 2 represents a front elevation, and Figure 3 a plan view to
illustrate the same; Figure 4 and Figure 5 shew enlarged detailed portions.
Upon the end of the ordinary tappet shaft A is affixed a toothed pinion B,
gearing into and driving the toothed change wheel C, and through it driving
also the wheel D. The change wheel C is carried by a stud from the bracket
C³, attached to the framing of the loom. The bracket is so formed as to allow
the relative position of the change wheel C to be so varied, when required, as to
admit of the pinion B being removed, and another of a different diameter or a
different number of teeth to be substituted for it, for the purpose of varying or
altering relatively the velocity or the number of revolutions of the wheel D, and
thereby determining the action of the cams E & E, and the number of picks
of weft thrown from each shuttle box when in operation. The wheel D is
carried by a stud projecting from the framing of the loom, and it is fixed to and
connected with the two cams E & E, so that these last move with and partake
of the rate of motion communicated to the wheel D. One of these cams is
shown in enlarged size at Figure 4. These cams are so connected and so
arranged that they act upon their respective levers F & F, and consequently
upon the shuttle boxes in immediate connection with them in quick succession,
so that when one of these shuttle boxes is moved from its position of operation
the other shuttle box is almost immediately after moved into its position of
operation. The connections between the levers F & F, and the shuttle boxes
I & I, are by means of the rods G & G, and the levers H & H. There are
springs K & K, attached to the levers H & H, and to a fixture from the ordinary
slay sword of the loom for effecting some portion of the movement. When the
action of the cams permit these to operate, it will be seen in the Drawing that
the shuttle box which is in position for operation is that one which is caused to
move in a horizontal direction, or nearly so, and that the one not in position
for operation is that which is caused to move in a vertical direction, or nearly
so. The next movement of the apparatus from its positions shown will be that
after a certain number of picks have been made (determined by the relative
diameters of the pinion B and of the wheel D), the shuttle box now in position
for operation will be removed in a horizontal direction, or nearly so, and the
other shuttle box will almost instantly take its place or position for operation
by moving in a vertical direction, or nearly so, so that the change of shuttle

page_text: boxes will be effected by a combination of movements, one being in a direction
horizontal, or nearly so, and the other in a direction vertical, or nearly so.
The times of the changes of the shuttle boxes or the relative number of picks
of weft to be made during the period of time that the several shuttle boxes may
remain in position for operation may be further varied, when desired. To form
particular patterns of fabrics by the other portion of the mechanism shown,
namely, upon the ordinary tappet shaft is the worm L, gearing into and driving
the worm wheel M. The rim of this is provided with a number of small holes,
into which or any of them pins or studs may be put, and either projecting
from one or both sides of the wheel, these pins or studs (whenever any are so
placed in the holes), as the wheel is moved round, come in succession against
one or both of the levers N & N, accordingly as the pins may project upon or
from one or both sides of the wheel, & thereby move it or them, and through
the rods O & O, move and draw outwards one or both the triggers or catch
pieces in the rods G & G, one of which is shown separately and of enlarged size
at Figure 5. The effect of drawing out these triggers or catch pieces will be
that the lower parts of the rods attached to the levers F & F, will be allowed
to move up without effecting any movement of their respective shuttle boxes.
When there shall be no pins or studs inserted in the holes in the rim of the
worm wheel, then this part of the mechanism is entirely inoperative. The
diameter of the worm wheel or the number of pins or studs may be arranged
so as to act upon the shuttle boxes after any determined intervals of time or
number of picks to be thrown from each.
Having described my present Invention of improvements, I hereby claim
as such,
First, the application to and employment in looms (for weaving such figured
fabrics to which such may be applicable where two or more shuttle boxes are
used) of the moving of such shuttle boxes in different directions, that is, one or
more of such shuttle boxes in a vertical direction, or nearly so, and also one or
more of such shuttle boxes in a horizontal direction, or nearly so, into and
from their respective positions for operation.
Secondly, the application to and employment in looms (for weaving such
figured fabrics to which such may be applicable) of one or more pin wheels,
and moveable pins or studs, shown in the accompanying Drawing at M, or any
mere modification thereof, acting and operating for the purpose of determining
wholly or partially the arrangement of the changes of the moveable shuttle
boxes, or the numbers of picks of weft made in succession by their respective
shuttles.

page_text: Thirdly, the general mechanism herein shown & described, or any mere
modification thereof, whether wholly or partially, for effecting or making the
required movements or changes of the shuttle boxes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Amos Hustler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
AMOS HUSTLER. (L.S.)
Sealed and signed in the presence of
WILLIAM GEORGE,
A Com. to administer Oaths in Chancery in England.