matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hill Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1881.
JAMES HILL SMITH, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE THERETO."
Each machine consists of two end standards, and one or more intermediate
standards, when the length of the machine requires them. Bearings are secured to
the standards to carry the apparatus applied to the machine, and also bearings for
one or more cam shafts carrying the cams necessary to give the requisite movements
to the several parts. The frame portion of the machine consists of a movable
needle bar carrying needles, and being connected to rocking levers operated by
cams, a rising and falling presser bar or bars, and traversing thread carriers to each
division, and additional carriers for striping and splicing when required. I also
employ the ordinary or self-acting fashioning machine and sinkers, which are
depressed by springs to divide the loops, the traverse of the carriers being effected
in the well known manner. Each sinker is provided with a projection by which to
raise it after the depression, the raising being effected by means of a bar under the
projections. The upper and lower ends of each sinker are of sufficient thickness to
meet the next adjacent sinker on each side, both ends being carried in a box of
suitable shape, there being one such box to each division. I employ a falling bar
regulated by star screws for the sinkers to fall on; I employ the ordinary bearded
needle for greater security in working; I place the sinkers in tricks or slots; I
either employ the ordinary presser or a presser placed inside the arch of the sinkers,
which arch is made deeper for that purpose. For wide widths, such as shirts and
pants, I propose using a three neb sinker for holding the work in position to
enable me to selvage with great security; the arch of the sinker is made wider to
allow of the presser bar being thickened, and thus strengthened in proportion to
the extra length of the same. The sinkers are caused to fall by a bar on which the .
sinkers rest (which bar runs the whole length of each division) being withdrawn,
thus no support remaining the sinkers are depressed by means of springs operating
them. By such arrangements I ensure only one sinker falling at a time, such
movement being essential to the production of good work. In order to save the
rn

page_text: space between each division caused by the traverse of this bar, I propose to place
and drive this bar alternately at the back and front of each division. In conjunction
with the above I employ snapping tackle of the usual construction for selvaging,
and when making ribbed work I employ in addition to the above described parts
machine needles carried by a needle bar operated by levers and cams to give the
required movements.
By means of a frame constructed as above described I am enabled to produce
plain or ribbed looped fabrics with greater speed than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECK-TIES OR SCARFS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1881. A communication
from abroad by Messieurs Fish, Clark and Flagg, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America, Manufacturers.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
NECK-TIES OR SCARFS." [A communication from abroad by Messieurs Fish, Clark,
and Flagg, of the City and State of New York, United States of America,
Manufacturers.]
This Invention relates to stiffening-pieces or "shields" for made-up scarfs and
ties, and has for its object to provide means whereby the scarf or tie will have a
neater fit and better form upon the neck than has been heretofore obtainable.
The said Invention consists in forming one or more joints or flexible lines in the
"shield" or stiffening piece constituting the foundation for the upper end of the
scarf, so that whilst affording firm support thereto in one direction the shield will
freely yield in another.
This improved shield may be formed by cutting up an ordinary shield or
stiffening piece of prepared card board or other suitable material into two or more
sections, and then uniting these sections by flexible strips which shall formn hinged
joints, or by perforating, indenting, or otherwise reducing the thickness or stiffness
of the material in lines which shall serve to separate the several sections and form
a joint or hinged connection between them.
The sections are ordinarily arranged to extend parallel to the length of the scarf,
so that the scarf, although stiffened and supported vertically or lengthwise by the
flexible shield, is free to yield laterally at its joints and conform the more readily
to the neck of the wearer.
The separate sections of the shield may be held together by means of a lining
fabric carried in one piece over them all and stitched or otherwise secured to each,
or the pieces or sections may be each separately lined or covered and then hinged
by stitching their edges together, or the hinges may be formed of distinct strips of
flexible material covering the joints and secured to the adjacent sections, or the
material of which the shield is made may be perforated or scored or indented along

page_text: the lines which it is intended shall form joints therein, so as to bend back and
forth readily along these lines, or any other methods of producing a hinged or
flexible connection between the sections or divisions of the shield may be
employed.
The said Invention is designed to be applied to shields of all shapes and sizes, and
for use with any and all descriptions of made up scarfs.
In the construction of these hinged or jointed shields a notch or recess is formed
centrally at or in the upper edge of the shield to receive and embrace the collar
button of the wearer, and the button will then serve to prevent any lateral
displacement of the scarf when worn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BINDERS OR HOLDERS FOR LETTERS AND OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hayes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1881.
GEORGE HAYES, of Wine Office Court, Fleet Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BINDERS OR HOLDERS FOR LETTERS AND OTHER PAPERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in binders or holders for letters
and other papers.
My improved binder or holder is of a book like form; it has covers and leaves ;
the latter are very narrow and of gummed paper. The letters or papers to be
bound or held are attached along one side to these leaves by cement.
The leaves are of transparent paper, so that where they overlap any writing or
printing on the letter or paper it can nevertheless be clearly read.
The leaves are also perforated from top to bottom to facilitate the removal of a
letter or paper from the binder or holder; and that the document may afterwards
be replaced in its former position the leaves are numbered each in two places.
The portion of the leaf which, when a letter or paper is removed from the
binder or holder goes away with the document, carries one of the numbers, whilst
the portion of the leaf remaining in the binder or holder carries the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND CONTROLLING BLIND AND OTHER SIMILAR CORDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir Charles Henry Pennell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1881.
SIR CHARLES HENRY PENNELL, of New Quay, in the County of Cornwall.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND CONTROLLING BLIND AND
OTHER SIMILAR CORDS."
The object of the Invention is to provide a simple apparatus, by means of which
window blinds can be lowered or raised as required.
This is effected by causing the check string (or blind cord) to pass through two
plates or pieces of wood or other substance, the compression of which acting upon
the check string regulates the action of the blind.
In the faces of the plate, or in one of them, a channel is formed from one end of
the plate to the other, through which the check string is led; this channel is not
quite so deep as the check string is thick. The channel is curved to give a greater
nip to the check string and to avoid contact with the central screw. The screw in
question passes through the centre of both plates and secures them to the wood-
work of the window frame. For additional security, the inside plate is fastened to
the woodwork by another screw. The central screw regulates the amount of
pressure put upon the check string. By means of a small knob or head on the
outer end of the screw this is readily effected.
To improve the appearance of the apparatus, and to give it additional solidity,
the outer part is encased in brass or other metal, except a small portion on each
side. The metal case is secured to the frame work of the window by the same
screw which passes through the plates.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Creed at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881.
RICHARD CREED, of Cloyne, in the County of Cork, Ireland.
IN THRASHING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of the Invention is the more regular and efficient feeding of thrashers.
I cut off the head or corn end of the sheaf before threashing by means of a disc of
steel revolving rapidly. The sheaf is not opened, as it is at present, but is to be
carried against the disc by means of hooks or clamps attached to a drum revolving
at such a rate as will present a constant succession of sheaves to the disc. The
clamps or hooks for carrying the sheaf are reversible, and can be turned up or
down as, circumstances may require in the working of the feeder. The head or
corn end of the sheaf when cut off drops into the feed mouth of the thrashing
machine, and the remainder of the sheaf is cast off at one side of the machine, and
staked up in the straw rick.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Creed in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th October 1881.
RICHARD CREED, of Cloyne, in the County of Cork, Ireland.
IN THRASHING MACHINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of the Invention is the more regular and efficient feeding of thrashers.
I cut off the head or corn end of the sheaf before thrashing by means of a disc of
steel revolving rapidly. The sheaf is not opened as it is at present, but is to be
carried against the disc by means of hooks or clamps attached to a drum revolving
at such a rate as will present a constant succession of sheaves to the disc.
head or corn end of the sheaf when cut off drops into the feed mouth of the
thrashing machine, and the remainder of the sheaf is cast off at one side of the
machine, and stacked up in the straw rick.
The
The annexed Drawing represents the feeding part of a thrashing machine
constructed and operated in accordance with my Invention.
A, drum or frame with hooks or clamps for carrying sheaf to be cut.
B, circular disc having fine saw like teeth.
C, driving pulley and gear for circular saw.
D, driving pulley and gear for drum.
E, cradle to receive the sheaf.
F, F, F, attachments to platform of thrasher.
What I claim is, my improvement in thrashing machines, consisting in providing
the same with a cutting feeder substantially as described, by which the head or
corn end of the sheaf is cut off and passed into the mouth, whilst the remainder of
the sheave is discharged without being submitted to the beaters.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Creed, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
RICHARD CREED. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR OPERATING VENETIAN AND OTHER BLINDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1881.
RICHARD MARSHALL, of Tonsley Hill, Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR OPERATING VENETIAN AND OTHER BLINDS."
My Invention consists in the application of arrangements specially to Venetian
blinds, so that same can be worked with more ease and facility than by the present
system of fitting Venetian blinds.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements :-
To one side of the top rail I fix or secure a bracket, which is slotted.
In this alot a spindle carrying the top and with it the other laths of the
Venetian blind is carried free to move.
The upper part of the slot being of greater area so as to allow if necessary of the
blind being withdrawn. The top rail is supplied with the usual cords and wheels
for raising or lowering the blind.
The cord for turning the laths or strips is preferably attached to the top lath on
the side where the bracket is formed, and the cord fixed or secured to said lath is
passed over a pulley on the lower part of the window or other frame, said pulley being
attached to a spindle working freely in a tube or other arrangement wherein is a
spring, either spiral or of rubber, said tube being swivelled or enabled to be turned
on a centre, so that when the blind is raised the spindle or axle travelling in the
groove of the bracket in ascending draws by means of the cord over the pulley the
spindle, and by means of a swivel-arrangement the tube can assume any required
position. When closing the laths the cord acting on the pulley is pulled, and the
Taths are raised to assume any position required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kennedy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881. A communication from
abroad by Gustave Poirier and Antoine Chatouillot, of Paris, in France.
THOMAS KENNEDY, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS." A communication from abroad by Gustave
Poirier and Antoine Chatouillot, residing at Paris, of France.
This Invention has for its object to dispense with the counterweighting of
gasaliers whilst constructing them so that they can be easily raised or lowered.
In carrying out the Invention the central vertical tube of the gasalier is fitted
to slide over the usual fixed vertical supply tube, the leakage of gas being
prevented by a rolling rubber ring introduced between the tubes. Or two such
rings may be used with some water or other suitable liquid between them; or the
well known water joint or other suitable known joint may be substituted for the
rubber ring or rings. At the upper end of the outer tube there are centered two
diametrically opposite levers; or there may be three or more such levers placed at
equal angles apart, and the inner ends of these levers bear upon the fixed tube,
such ends being, by preference, made broad and concave to increase the bearing
surface. The inner parts of the levers are made slightly longer than the distance
between their centres and the surface of the fixed tube, and as the weight of the
gasalier tends to made them assume a horizontal position they exert on the fixed
tube a powerful gripping action, which prevents the gasalier from descending. The
outer arms of the levers, which may extend out horizontally or more or less
downwards, are connected by links to a ring, which is movable on the outer tube,
and which has a spring applied to it tending to turn the levers in the direction for
gripping the fixed tube and thus ensuring their taking hold of that tube. For
raising the gasalier it is merely necessary to push it upwards; but for lowering it
the gripping levers have to be moved so as to turn their inner ends downwards,
and for this purpose a cord may be attached to one of the levers; or a cord may be
attached to a separate lever arranged. to act on the ring through which the
spring is applied in a direction to compress the spring and release the gripping
levers.
A NEW OR IMPROVED EXPANDING FIRE-SCREEN
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Haarburger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1881.
CHARLES HAARBURGER, of London Wall, in the City of London, Manufacturer.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED EXPANDING FIRE-SCREEN."
My Invention has for its object to construct a fire-screen which can be readily
expanded at pleasure, so as to either partially or entirely conceal the fire.
My new or improved fire-screen is composed of a suitable number of strips, bars,
or rods of wood, metal, or other appropriate material, which are laid diagonally
one over the other, and are articulated together in such a manner as to be capable
of being expanded or drawn out to any desired extent, and when so expanded or
drawn out to form a trellis or lattice. The strips, bars, or rods thus arranged are
mounted and held between pillars or columns, which are provided with feet,
and by means of which the expanding screen is supported.
In combination with the screen I sometimes employ a curtain or backing of
cloth or like suitable fabric or material in order to prevent the heat of the fire
passing through the interstices or meshes formed by the lattice or trellis when the
screen is expanded, the said fabric or material being arranged thereon in such a
manner as to readily unfold itself in accordance with the extent of expansion of
the screen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING-JACKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1881.
A communication from Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze, Machine Builder,
of Hamburg, in the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING-JACKS." A communi-
cation from Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Schultze, Machine Builder, of Hamburg, in
the German Empire.
This Invention relates to rack and pinion-jacks, and has for its purpose to reduce
the friction of the rack in its guides by using two pinions instead of one, as
formerly applied to jacks.
The lifting rack is formed with two rows of teeth on opposite sides, and each
side is in gear with a pinion, the axles of which pinions carry spur wheels that are
in communication with each other, and which wheels, or one of same, are or is
driven from a communicating wheel-work by means of a winch-handle.
The load upon the rack is by this arrangement transported to two wheels and
two axles, and consequently the pressure on the teeth of each wheel is only half
that which with the constructions now commonly in use is exerted upon the tooth
of the pinion in immediate operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES OR STUDS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER FASTENERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurentius Andreas Waldemar Lund
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1881.
LAURENTIUS ANDREAS WALDEMAR LUND, of Chandos Street, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES OR STUDS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER
FASTENERS."
This Invention relates to that class of solitaires, studs, or fasteners which are
forined in two parts, so that the head may be detached from the shank or back in
order to facilitate their insertion in the button hole, and consists in making such
solitaires, studs, or fasteners substantially as follows:-The shank is formed flat
or of other shape, so that it shall not turn round in the button holes, and near the
under end there is a slight projection or flange, so that upon pressing the
same through the outton hole the material shall be held between the said projection
or flange and the back of the stud, in order that it may not fall out of the button
hole when the head is off. The front of the solitaire or fastener is formed hollow,
and to the centre thereof is attached a pin which takes into a vertical hole formed
in the shank. In the aforesaid hollow front is placed (so as to revolve freely
therein) a flat piece, with, say, four cavities round its edge at equal distances as
under; this said piece is made smaller in diameter than the hollow front and is
kept in position by means of an annular guide piece nearly encircling the same.
In the space where this guide piece is cut away is placed a small piece which is
kept in contact with the aforesaid flat piece by means of a spring fitted at the
back thereof; the inner end of the said small piece is formed so as to take into one
or other of the before named cavities when brought opposite to it. In the centre
of the aforesaid flat piece is a hole corresponding to the shape of the shank. The
hollow front or head of the solitaire, stud, or fastener is enclosed by a plate so as
to keep all the pieces in position, and in the centre of this plate a hole is also
formed corresponding to the shank. An annular groove is formed near the top of
the shank so that when the aforesaid pin is passed into the vertical hole in the
shank the front or head of the solitaire or stud will be capable of being turned
round, thus locking the two parts together, the shank remaining still (on account
of its shape) in the button hole. In order to unlock the shank it is only necessary
to turn the head slightly round again when it can be drawn off.
In some cases it may be found advantageous to have the locking arrangement in
the back of the solitaire, stud, or fastener, instead of in the front thereof, as before
described.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Coultas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1881.
JAMES COULTAS, of Spittlegate, Grantham, in the County of. Lincoln. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRYING GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for drying grain
and other materials.
For this purpose I employ a current of air obtained from a fan driven by a
portable or other engine. The fan is mounted upon a frame having wheels so
that it may be readily conveyed from place to place. The fan is connected when
in use with a box or casing, which is the drying chamber; this also is carried upon
wheels to facilitate transport. The drying machine also comprises an elevator and
dressing screens and apparatus.
There is a perforated false bottom of sheet zinc or other matter in the drying
chamber, and over this there is an endless apron having lats or cross bars fixed
upon it. The elevator when set in motion raises the grain or material into a
hopper at the top of the drying chamber, and from thence it descends on to the
endless apron. The apron being in motion distributes the grain or material upon
the perforated false bottom of the drying chamber.
When the grain or material lies to a sufficient depth upon the false bottom, the
elevator is stopped. The fan forcing air beneath the false bottom, or withdrawing
air by suction, causes a current to pass amongst the grain or material, by which
the moisture is rapidly carried off. The grain or material can be kept in constant
movement during the drying operation by driving the apron at a slow speed either
continuously or from time to time. When the grain or material is sufficiently dry
a slide at the end of the drying chamber is raised, and the grain or material is
delivered at a suitable speed on to the riddles or screens of the dressing apparatus.
Wind is supplied from the fan to the dressing apparatus by a trunk branching out
from the main air conduit which leads to the drying chamber, and in both the
main conduit and the branch there are valves which can be opened and closed as
desired.
The grain or material as it is dressed is delivered into sacks. The movement of
the endless apron causes the grain or material to be discharged continuously from

page_text: the drying chamber until the chamber is empty; the dressing apparatus is then
thrown out of operation, the slide at the end of the drying chamber is lowered so
as to close the chamber, and the elevator is set to work to fill it with a fresh
charge.
In place of the endless apron within the drying chamber a screw or screws may
he emploved
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING FOR THE STUFFING BOXES OF STEAM ENGINES, HYDRAULIC ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Whiteman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th May 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Defalque and Company, of Brussels, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, Manufacturers.
WILLIAM THOMAS WHITEMAN, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING FOR THE STUFFING BOXES OF
STEAM ENGINES, HYDRAULIC ENGINES, PUMPS, AND OTHER ENGINES."
[A communication from abroad by Defalque and Company, of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturers.]
This Invention, as communicated to me, relates to the construction and arrange-
ment of packing to be used in stuffing boxes of steam engines and pumps, and
engines actuated by water or other fluids, for the purpose of preventing leakage
of the steam or other fluid used; and it consists of the improvements hereinafter
described, by which greater elasticity, durability, and efficiency are obtained.
According to this Invention the packing consists of rings of rectangular section
made of metal wire, by preference of tinned or galvanised iron wire suitably
hardened, placed around the rod or part to be made steam tight or fluid tight, and
inserted into the stuffing box conjointly with rings of cotton, hemp, or other
suitable fibrous material steeped in tallow or grease mixed with alum and talc, and
wound round with cotton, string, hemp, thread, or other suitable fibrous material.
The metal wire rings, which may be of iron, steel, regulus, zinc, antimony, or
lead wire, or of wire made from any suitable alloy, are constructed by winding the
wire round a mandril of the size of the rod or part around which the packing is
to be placed until the requisite thickness and shape are obtained; the ring is then
wound round with cotton, string, hemp, thread, or other suitable fibrous material ;
it is then cut through at one side so as to be readily passed outo the rod or part
upon which it is to be used, and it is then ready for use.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE EASELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward James Chabrel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1881.
EDWARD JAMES CHABREL, of Withington, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE EASELS."
This Invention relates principally to the construction of portable easels for the
use of artists, but the same is also equally applicable as a reading stand or a music
stand.
In the first place, I have three folding legs, each with a joint in or about the
centre, which can be stiffened by the insertion of a peg. The two front legs are
connected together by a joint at the top, similar to that of a foot rule, working
only in one direction (that is, sideways), and a short piece of the upper end of the
third leg also works in the same direction upon the same pivot; but in addition to
this it is hinged to the top of the back leg, so that the tripod can be adjusted in
any direction, either upon a floor or upon uneven ground.
Movable up and down upon the two front legs is a cross bar having a projecting
ledge at the front.
Fastened to the back of this by straps and slides is a flexible bar of wood which
passes behind the two front legs, and when the cross bar has been adjusted to the
required height the tightening of the straps will cause the bars to grip the front
legs between them, and thus hold the cross-bar in position to support the canvas,
frame, music, or book, at the required height.
In some cases the cross bar may be dispensed with, and the front legs be
provided with holes, in which pegs are inserted to act as supports to the canvas,
frame or other article to be carried.
LOCKS AND BOLTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Bensel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881.
LUDWIG BENSEL, of Iserlohn, in the German Empire.
LOCKS AND BOLTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention consists in so arranging a sliding bolt or other opening and closing
part of a lock in combination with a blade spring, that when the bolt or other part
is in the closed position a projection on it enters a hole in the spring so as to be
locked in position thereby, while in order to release the bolt the spring is depressed
by means of a key. For this purpose, according to one arrangement, an ordinary
sliding bolt moved by a knob slides to and fro on a hollow plate, within which is the
said blade spring fixed with its one end to the plate, and having a hole at about
the middle of its length into which enters a stud on the bolt when this is shot
forward. The free end of the spring has its one corner bent downwards at a point
opposite a keyhole, so that on introducing a key and turning it partly round, the
beard of the key in passing over the said corner of the spring depresses the latter
so as to free the bolt from its hole, whereupon the bolt can be slid back.
A projection on the end of the spring acts as a stop to prevent the key from being
turned beyond a certain point.
In applying this construction to an ordinary lock with sliding bolt turned by a
key, the beard of the key is so formed that one part of it effects the motion of the
bolt, and another part effects the depression of the locking spring, for which
purpose this has a projection with a double incline, so that the key depresses it on
being turned in either direction, the spring being in this case provided with two
holes so as to lock the bolt both in the forward and the backward position.
In applying the Invention to staple locks or padlocks, the staple has at the
pivotted end a flat face with a stud which enters the hole in the spring when
the staple is in the closed position, and is thus prevented from being turned
open. By depressing the spring with a key the staple is released.
According to another modification the pivotted end of the staple has a tail
piece on which the stud is formed, and enters the hole in the spring so that the
latter locks the staple by means of the tail piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DEPOSITING METALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Chadwick Maltby and George
Bradford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February
1881.
JOHN CHADWICK MALTBY, Accountant, and GEORGE BRADFORD, Chandelier
Bronzer, both of Rotherham, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DEPOSITING METALS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in depositing metals, and has for its
object producing the deposition of one metal upon another by the action of acid
in an economical manner and without the aid of electricity as usually applied in
electro-bronzing.
The Invention consists in immersing the article upon which the metal is to be
deposited for a period of time varying according to the thickness of the deposit
required in a vessel containing a solution of aqua-fortis (or other suitable acid)
and water, in which is also placed and immersed a sufficient quantity (in plates or
other suitable form) of the class of metal which is desired to be deposited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WASTE PRODUCTS OR RESIDUES FROM SOAP FACTORIES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1881.
A communication from abroad by Pierre Py, of Meurad, Algeria.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF WASTE PRODUCTS OR RESIDUES FROM SOAP FACTORIES." A
communication from abroad by Pierre Py, of Meurad, Algeria.
"
This Invention relates to a mode of utilizing the waste products or residues of
soap factories, which hitherto were not only considered useless, but were removed
at great expenses for being thrown into the sea. The process applied for this
purpose consists in first subjecting the residues to the action of a hydraulic press.
Thereby the lie, varying between 15 and 20% still extant in these products, is
extracted, and can be immediately used again. After this the products, devoid of
all liquid are moulded and dried, and after a few days get sufficiently hard for
being used as stones, bricks, &c., and other building materials. For making flag-
stones intended for paving passages, apartments, &c., it is sufficient to mix a
suitable amount of cement with the residues before subjecting them to pressure.
The agglomerates obtained by this process being refractory and water-proof, are
advantageously used for the construction of furnaces and chimneys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, HELMETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1881.
ALEXANDER WILKINSON, of Paddington Street, Marylebone, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS, HELMETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR
THE HEAD."
This Invention bas for its object improvements in hats, helmets, and other
coverings for the head.
In order more effectually to provide for the ventilation of hats, I introduce a
ribbon or fillet of thin sheet copper or other metal at the part where the hat fits
to the head, immediately beneath the band on the inner side of the hat, but
covered by the lining. perforate this metal and the body of the hat with eyelet
like holes which permit the free entrance and exit of air but are covered from
sight by the band, which being of a sufficiently open fabric does not materially
interfere with the passage of air. Sometimes I cover this metal ribbon or fillet
with another of the same material and capable of sliding upon the first; this is
also perforated and can be set so that its perforations correspond with those
through the first metal ribbon or fillet and through the body of the hat; or when
the ventilation is not desired it can be moved until the perforations cease to
correspond.
In order to establish a galvanic action which in many cases is beneficial to the
wearer, I usually employ in the arrangement of the above described ventilators
two metals, say zinc and copper. I arrange them in alternate pieces as a chain
passing around the head and perforated for ventilation as already described; or
where ventilation is not desired the perforations may be omitted. I also form hat
bodies from shoddy or short fibre made into a dough with adhesive materials and
rolled out into a sheet either alone or with a backing of woven fabric. The
cementing materials which I employ are india rubber dissolved in bisulphide of
carbon, resin, and flour paste. Asbestos in the state of short fibre is a inaterial
which I also employ.
In order to fit hats more accurately to the head I fit around the interior an
elastic tube of india rubber inflated with air. This tube yields at the points where
the pressure is greatest and fills the parts where the fit would otherwise not be
sufficiently close.
The Invention is also applicable as before stated to helmets and other coverings
for the head.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MATERIAL FOR COVERING BOILERS CYLINDERS AND OTHER VESSELS TO PREVENT WASTE OF HEAT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fernand Castelin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1881.
FERNAND CASTELIN of. No. 84 Boulevard des Dames, Marseilles France "AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF MATERIAL FOR COVERING BOILERS CYLINDERS AND
OTHER VESSELS TO PREVENT WASTE OF HEAT"
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a material for covering boilers,
cylinders and other vessels to prevent waste of heat. For this purpose a layer of
silk fibre in the condition of wadding, which is a very bad conductor of heat, is on
its one side faced with a layer of ground glass or asbestos secured to it by silicate
of potassa, and on the other side has cemented to it canvas or other closely woven
fabric which is coated on its outside with gutta-percha. The glass or asbestos
facing being put next the metal of the boiler, cylinder or vessel that is to be protected,
the material presents on its outside the gutta-percha coating which renders it
waterproof. The material may be rendered fireproof by impregnating it with
muriate of ammonia, boric acid and borax.
COVERS FOR CHEESE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison, at the Office
A communication
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1881.
from abroad by Pierrè E. Chardemitte, of Bordeaux, in the Republic of
France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
"IMPROVED
41, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
COVERS FOR CHEESE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES." [A communication from abroad
by Pierre E. Chardemitte, of Bordeaux, in the Republic of France.]
The different receptacles and notably glass domes used to cover cheese and other
articles of food of the same kind have the disadvantage of collecting the vapours
which are given off by these articles, the odour from which is most frequently
very disagreeable.
The object of this Invention is to remedy this inconvenience, and the said
Invention consists in providing a current of air in the receptacles, viz., the glass
domes, which current draws off with it the exhalations contained therein. The
dome is formed so as to admit air at the bottom and allow it to escape at the top.
The air entrances at the bottom are holes formed in the rim of the dome, care being
taken to make these holes of such small dimensions that flies or other insects will
not be able to enter by them. The opening at the top where the air escapes,
carrying with it the exhalations, passes through the handle of the dome in the
form of a conical passage widened out at the base and narrow enough at the top to
bar the passage of flies. This opening at the top may be replaced by other
openings pierced at any other point of the dome, such openings being always capable
of preventing the passage of insects.
The air entrances or holes at the bottom of the dome may also, instead of being
formed in the rim of the dome, be equally efficaciously formed by corrugating the
top surface of the plate on which the dome stands, the said corrugations being
shallow enough to prevent insects passing along the grooves and obtaining access to
the interior, of the receptacle. In this case the rim of the dome is continuous, the
air holes being formed by the channels or currugations themselves.
AN IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH CLASP KNIVES AND RAZORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Carter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1881.
CHARLES CARTER, of 100, Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey. "AN
IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH CLASP KNIVES AND RAZORS."
This Invention relates to a certain detail or improvement in clasp knives and
razors in order to prevent the blade being closed or opened accidentally.
The Invention consists essentially of a bolt or plate fitted to be slid in one half
of the handle to engage in or be released from a notched catch or stud, projecting
from the inner side of the other half of the handle. The outer end of the sliding
bolt or plate is formed like an ordinary fixed shoulder, and when in one position it
cannot be discerned as a movable piece. The blade is provided with a stud or stop
on each side, one being above and one below the pivot pin on which it turns. The
stops engage on opposite sides of rounded projections formed on the "shoulders,"
and assist to fix the blade in an open or a closed position whether the sliding plate
be operated upon or not; the sliding plate, or it may be a wire only, locks the
blade in the respective open or closed position. The sliding plate may be arranged
to relock if pushed or moved too far as to have first released it.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR THRESHING AWNING AND SEPARATING GRAIN FROM STRAW."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gray Morton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1881.
ROBERT GRAY MORTON of Errol Works, in the County of Perth North Britain
Millwright and Engineer. A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR
THRESHING AWNING AND SEPARATING GRAIN FROM STRAW."
The said Invention has reference to or has for its object the better threshing and
separating grain from straw and awning such grain where necessary, in combination
with the comb drum.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in the particulars following.
Whereas usually the comb drum revolves in a close concave or breast fitted with
threshing teeth of pyramidal or other forin, Do facility is thereby provided for any
grain being separated from the straw till the whole threshing surface has been
passed so that at present the separation of the grain from amongst the straw is
performed almost wholly by the shakers; and in certain conditions of the straw it
is impossible satisfactorily to accomplish such separation by shakers of convenient
dimensions: now the said Invention consists of a concave or breast having a
combination of threshing bars so arranged that the grain as it is dislodged from
the straw is forcibly driven against these bars and falls down through apertures or
openings purposely made for it in the concave, leaving the straw to pass on to the
shakers comparatively free of grain,-these bars being set at such angle and
distance from each other in the concave as to secure that the grain which passes
over one bar by force of the combs shall be intercepted by the next bar and passed
down as aforesaid through the concave, and proper provision being made between
the bars to prevent straw following the grain.
The awning of barley again, or removing husks of chaff from any other grain is
efficiently secured by shutting a requisite number of the said apertures or openings
in the concave.
In this way is accomplished the novelty of properly awning barley and removing
husks of any grain in merely the process of threshing, whereby is obviated the

page_text: common tendency and risk in the usual process of shaking winnowing and riddling,
of the grain being carried away by adhering awns or husks or other refuse before
it is in a suitable state to enter any usual awning apparatus,-which separate
awning apparatus can also now by the said Invention be entirely dispensed with;
and not only is the cost of it saved but the considerable amount of power necessary
to drive it is also saved.
The application of the said Invention to the down-striking or beater drum
frequently used in Scotland is also claimed.
Protection is hereby desired to be secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1881. A
communication from Agge Steffen Aggens and Adam Aggens, both of Wyck,
on the Isle of Föhr, in the German Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS." A communication
from Agge Steffen Aggens and Adam Aggens, both of Wyck, on the Isle of Föhr,
in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in anchors, and has for its
object to prevent the anchor and anchor-stock being fouled by the cable, and also
to increase the effectiveness of the anchor to turn on the ground and to get hold
of the bottom as soon as the cable is hauled home.
The improvements consist of a new and original anchor-stock of heart-like
shape, instend of the straight anchor-stock hitherto used.
The anchor itself is one armed, and may otherwise be of a construction or shape
similar or like that of anchors now commonly in use. The heart-like shape of the
stock prevents fouling of the cable, as the latter must in all cases slip off from the
stock of the anchor as soon as the cable is bauled in. The flat or inward curved
part of the stock is connected to an upper part of the anchor-body in such a
manner that the outward bend or curve of the stock is placed in an opposite
direction to the shank or arm of the anchor. The connection between anchor and
stock should be constructed in a manner that the stock can be detached from the
anchor or be put down for the purpose of requiring little room for the anchor
when not in use.
Heavy anchors of this improved construction require weigh bars between onter
part of the anchor-stock and anchor-body, which bars may at one end be con-
nected turnably to the stock and detachable to the anchor-body, so that the stock
can be laid down upon the anchor-body when out of use.
AN IMPROVED MOP, WRINGER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Whittingham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1881.
JOHN WHITTINGHAM, of the Cross, Willaston, Nantwich, Cheshire, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED MOP, WRINGER."
This Invention consists of a mop wringer constructed mainly of two perforated
plates of iron; wood, or any suitable material; preferably square, arranged to work
on hinges or other suitable contrivance on the bottom sides of the plates, with ȧ
treadle and lever to press them together, or other means of pressing together may
be adopted.
The plates may be either of iron or wood or any other suitable material, but are
preferably of iron. The wringer may either stand on the ground, or be made so as
to fit any suitable.vessel.

page_text: t
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Whittingham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th July
1881.
JOHN WHITTINGHAM, of the Cross, Willaston, Nantwich, Cheshire, Engineer.
"WRINGING MOPS."
E
This Invention consists of a mop wringer constructed substantially of two
perforated plates of iron, wood, or any suitable material, preferably square,
arranged to work on hinges or other suitable contrivance on the bottom sides of
the plates, with a treadle and lever to press them together, or other means of
pressing together may be adopted. The plates may be either of iron or wood, or 1
any other suitable material, but are preferably of iron. The wringer may either
stand on the ground, or be made so as to fit any suitable vessel.
Having thus far described the nature of my Invention I will now proceed,
aided by the accompanying Drawing, to further and particularly describe and
ascertain in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in practice.
D :
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
The Drawing shows side elevation of my improved mop wringer.
A is frame resting on the floor on one side, and reaching over the side and
resting also in the bucket or other vessel (on the bottom) on the other side.
1
On the frame are fixed two perforated plates B, B, working on hinges C at bottom 2
of frame.
:
These perforated plates are pressed forcibly together by a treadle D and crank E,
so as to press the plates B together with considerable force, and so squeeze out the
water into the vessel F.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said 2
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention for mop wringer constructed
substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described, and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Whittingham, have hereunto set my 3
hand and seal, this Seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
TAITYT
- TANTגזמהUTY
ATELיזTITעד זוח
זזזזזמט וזי
(OTT)