Improvements in the Manufacture of Velocipedes and similar Light Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Sept., 1896.
Complete Specification Left, 24th July, 1897-Accepted, 28th Aug., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Velocipedes and similar Light
Carriages.
I, ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the Firm of Henry Wallwork and Company, Union
Bridge Ironworks Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to Velocipedes and similar light carriages and has for its
object the improved manufacture or building up of the tubular framework or parts
thereof.
The improvements are contained in the method of construction hereinafter set
forth.
Moulds or chills preferably of metal are made for casting the several corners, joints,
sockets and other parts in the forms required. These moulds are formed with necks
for the entrance of the tubes and in some cases are formed to receive hardened
bearings and ball races and other fixed parts.
The ends or other parts of the tubing to which castings are to be affixed are pierced
with small holes, scored, grooved or otherwise roughened to take a firm hold of the
cast metal.
The metal is prevented from entering into the tubing where not desired by the
use of cork or light wood plugs or forms coated with heat resisting material such as
plumbago.
In order to keep hardened parts cool when being fixed by running metal round
them, they are secured in position on hollow mandrels through which a cold fluid is
allowed to circulate.
In the building up of a structure, for instance a bicycle frame moulds are made
to form the several sockets, fork crowns and ends, bearing brackets and seat
socket, and to receive the ends of the different lengths of tubing, the ball races
and any other part desired to be fixed. When the parts are all arranged and set
true a suitable metal is run into the several moulds, and so firmly fixes the parts
together.
I prefer to employ aluminium or a suitable alloy thereof for the castings.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Velocipedes and similar Light
Carriages.
I, ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the Firm of Henry Wallwork and Company, Union
Bridge Ironworks, Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to Velocipedes and similar light carriages and has for its object
the improved manufacture or building up of the tubular framework or parts thereof,
by which improved manufacture I can produce such framework in less time and at
less cost than hitherto.
The improvements are contained in the method of construction hereinafter set
forth, and illustrated by the sheet of drawings attached hereunto.
Moulds or chills preferably of metal are made for casting the several corners, joints,
sockets and other parts in thc forms required. These moulds are formed with necks
for the entrance of the tubes and in some cases are formed to receive hardened
bearings and hall races and other fixed parts.
The ends or other parts of the tubing to which castings are to be affixed are
pierced with small holes, scored grooved or otherwise roughened to take a firm hold of
the cast metal.
Figure 1 is a plan representing a cycle frame of well known form with the moulds
or chills in position for connecting together the tubes and forming the bearing parts
required.
Figure 2 is a plan in section at right angles to the plane of the structure, on an
enlarged scale, of the crank bearing bracket and mould or chill therefore shewing the
junction of the tubes.
The
The moulds or chills A, A, Figure 1 are formed in two parts, having the joint
preferably in the plane of the structure and clamped or bolted together at a.
mould or chill B is formed in three parts preferably two similar parts b bolted together
at b¹ and a part not shewn in the drawing to fill in between the tubes d shewn
in plan d d Figure 2. This joint being also in the plane of the structure. But the
mould B may also be formed in parts divided at right angles to the plane of the
structure as indicated by the dotted lines 62, 63, 64, the parts being clamped together
in any suitable way. The mould C is also made in three parts, the divisions being
made at right angles to the plane of the structure along the dotted lines c, c¹ c², and
the parts being clamped together by the flanges c³. The tubes or connecting bars
are represented by D Figure 1. The moulds or chills are formed with sockets a¹, b' c
to fit the ends of the tubes D. Holes are made in the ends of the tubes as shewn in
section at d² Figure 2 to allow the metal to run through and join that outside the tube
with that inside the same and obtain a firmer hold.
To prevent the metal from running up the tube where not required I fit some
plugs d³ preferably of cork shaped in a similar manner to that shewn in Figure 2.
The exposed ends of these plugs are coated with heat resisting material such as
plumbago.
In order to enable hardened steel ball bearing races or cups to be accurately
mounted in the bearing brackets where desired as for instance in the crank bearing
bracket illustrated in Figure 2, internally screwed ferrules E are fitted in position in
the mould and the metal is run round them, the outside surface of the ferrules being
first roughened to enable the metal to take a firm hold. These screwed ferrules may
be held in position in several ways. According to one method we mount them in a
dry sand core F carrying the shaft G with the balls and cups H adjusted thereon, which

page_text: core is placed and held in position in the mould. To prevent undue heating we use
a hollow shaft G through which we circulate cold water. The metal is run into the
moulds by the openings o.
I secure all the moulds or chills and tubes in position first upon a level
plate, and when the correct position is obtained, 'the molten metal is run in
and after cooling and removal of the moulds the structure is completely
rigid.
I prefer to employ a mixture of metal containing aluminium on account of its
low melting temperature its weight and fluidity.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The improved manufacture of, or manner of building, the tubular framework
of velocipedes and similar light carriages which consists in forming moulds or chills
to produce the angles and bearings and to receive the ends of the tubes, piercing or
roughening the ends of the tubes, arranging such moulds and tubes in a relatively
immovable position and then pouring into such moulds a suitable molten metal
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated in the
drawing attached.
Second. In the manufacture of the tubular framework of velocipedes and similar
light carriages the use of suitable moulds or chills fixed immoveably in relation to
each other which receive the ends of the tubes for casting the angles, brackets and
bearing sockets upon the said tubes substantially as herein before described and
illustrated.
Third. In the hereinbefore described manufacture of the tubular framework
of velocipedes and similar light carriages the method of supporting the bearing
seats or screwed ferrules in position while casting the bearing brackets substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to Figure 2 of the
drawings.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, 6, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.