matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DOWN DRAFT IN CHIMNEYS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Mill and Robert Scotland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1878.
ALEXANDER MILL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, and ROBERT SCOTLAND,
of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DOWN DRAFT IN CHIMNEYS."
This Invention which has for its object to prevent the wind or atmospheric
currents from blowing downwards through chimneys, and thereby driving the
smoke and other products of combustion from the fires inwards into the apartments
of dwelling houses and other buildings, consists in forming the chimney cowl or top
closed at its upper end and in causing the smoke to issue from openings which are
always at the lee side of the chimney. The chimney cowl or top constructed in
accordance with our said Invention has a plate or cover inserted in or formed on its
upper end which entirely closes in the top of the chimney. Around the chimney
cowl or top a series of oval, elliptical, circular, rectangular, or other shaped holes or
openings are made circumferentially, and each of the said holes or openings is
provided with a door or shutter which is connected to the door or shutter of the
hole or opening at the diametrically opposite side of the cowl or chimney. This
connection may be made by a wire or a tube, or a wire passing through a tube.
These wires or tubes are hung or suspended by chaius, rods, or their equivalents
from the plate or cover which closes the upper part of the cowl as herein-before set
forth, and the suspension is so effected that the doors or shutters are capable of
moving horizontally towards or from the openings in the side of the chimney top or
cowl. The effect of this arrangement is that the wind acting against the shutters
or doors presented towards the direction from which the current is blowing, shuts
or forces these doors against the top or cowl and closes the openings at that side of
the chimney, whilst at the same time it opens the egress at the other or lee side of
the chimney and thereby ensures an outward vent for the smoke and products of
combustion whilst at the same time down draft is prevented.
To enable the chimney to be easily cleaned the part of the top or cowl having the
improvements constituting our said Invention applied thereto is removable, and it
is provided with a flanch or its equivalent at a distance from its lower end which
[ Prine 031

page_text: acts as a seat when in position. In moving outwards and inwards the rods or tubes
joining the doors or shutters operate between guides placed vertically, and when
opposite doors are connected by a tube or by a rod passing through a tube, holes or
openings may be made in the doors opposite the tube ends for the passage of airs
currents, in order that by the inducing action of such currents the upward draft in 5
the chimney may be increased. With this arrangement valves opening inwards
may be provided in the doors when desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' COMPASSES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FINDING THE DEVIATIONS THEREOF
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Francis Reynolds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1878.
WILLIAM FRANCIS REYNOLDS, of 547, Commercial Road East, in the County of
Middlesex, Nautical Instrument Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' COMPASSES,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR FINDING THE DEVIATIONS THEREOF."
This Invention relates to improvements in ships' compasses, and in apparatus for
finding the deviations thereof, and consists, firstly, in fitting a glass partition in a
binacle case or stand so as to divide it into two parts, one to serve as the card or
needle compartment, and the other, the lower, for the reception of a reflector, by
which the light of a lanthorn placed in the side may throw the light upwards, and
so light up the card that is within the upper chamber. This plan is available for
dry or liquid compasses. The apparatus thus made constitutes within itself a
binacle and compass combined as one article instead of in two articles as at present.
I therefore by my Invention reduce the cost of manufacture, make the article less
bulky, besides making it more convenient than those at present constructed.
In some cases I fit the lamp or lamps direct into the card chamber, either above
or below the card, such as when it is necessary to keep the compass very low, as
in yachts or for skylight purposes.
The second part of my Invention consists in fitting to the top or upper part of
my binacle compass above described an instrument known as the "Palinurus," but
of an improved construction, by which the deviations of the compass are found by
means of the sun's shadow.
Instead of using an upright pair of sights arranged to travel round the hour
circle, I fit an upright disc having a pointer for moving over the hours of the
day scale.
This disc carries at its central part a spindle or arbor, on which on
one side of the disc a pinion is mounted, and on the other side a pointer hand,
to move over the declination scale which is marked upon the disc. The upper
part of the disc has hinged or pivotted to it a rock frame, whose lower end has
a seginental toothed rack upon it to engage in the teeth of the pinion, so that
one may be moved by the other.
The rock frame has on one end a small disc or shield available also as an
eye-piece, and on the other a disc of glass or other material.

page_text: The rock frame can be set at an angle representing the declination of the
heavenly body under observation, whereby this instrument will give the deviations
of the compass by means of the sun's shadow or by the direct observation of it,
or of any other of the heavenly bodies within the tropics or near thereto, and not
only in high latitudes, as in the case with the present constructed "Palinurus" and 5
similar instruments.
AN IMPROVED FRAME, STAND, OR CASE FOR EXHIBITING ALBUM AND OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Foerste at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1878.
ALBERT FOERSTE, of 5, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED FRAME, STAND, OR CASE FOR EXHIBITING ALBUM AND OTHER
PICTURES."
According to this Invention I provide a frame, stand, or case with a fixed or
hinged flap or lid provided with a convex mirror for enlarging objects reflected
therein; on or in the stand, frame, or case I place the picture at such an angle with
the mirror as to be reflected therein.
For containing a photographic album I propose to form the case with a false
bottom provided with a narrow flap in front that can be turned down so as to rest
the false bottom thereon and bring it into the desired slanting position as regards
the mirror. The case is made the size of the album, and by placing the latter on
the false bottom with the back of the album away from the mirror lid and opening
the.album cover the photographs in the leaves thereof will be reflected in the mirror
and enlarged as in a graphoscope.
When the flap of the false bottom is turned down flat the false bottom lies flat
in the case and the album thereon; the mirror lid then forms a cover for the case,
which may be locked.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton and William Wright at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1878.
JOHN CLAYTON, of Delph, in the County of York, and WILLIAM WRIGHT, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES
FOR SPINNING."
Our Invention relates to self acting mules for spinning wool and other fibrous
substances, and more especially to that part thereof known as the "backing off"
motion, and our object has been to prevent the wear and tear consequent on the
sudden stopping and reversing of the motion at the moment of "backing off."
For this purpose we employ a finger or lever fixed on one end of the "backing
off" shaft and pressing on a cam, which is caused to revolve at a given moment by
being attached to a worm wheel, which is pressed into gear with a worm on the
"drawing off" shaft by means of the finger before mentioned.
The pin on which the cam and worm wheel revolve is fixed to a vertical slide
moving in brackets fixed to the headstock, and thus enabling the wheel to be
thrown in or out of gear with the worm when necessary by means of the finger,
and a spring which pushes the said slide upwards.
As soon as the carriage has reached or almost reached the end of its stretch, a
lever on the other end of the backing off shaft causes the finger to press on the
cam, which throws the worm wheel into gear with the worm on the drawing off
shaft, and this wheel causes the cam to revolve and the finger pressing thereon to
descend an incline in the cam, and thereby partially turn the backing off shaft
which works a lever actuating the strap-fork.
The strap is thus gradually shifted from the loose pulley over the backing
off pulley on to the fast pulley, thereby diminishing the speed of the spindles

page_text: before "backing off," which prevents a great amount of wear and tear arising from
the sudden stopping and reversing of the motion at the moment of "backing off."
The finger is then lifted from the cam, and the latter is immediately brought
into its first position by means of a weight hanging from a pin on the cam.
The apparatus is then ready to work again when required for the next "back-
off."
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING AND DRESSING WARPS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR SEATING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Royle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
JAMES ROYLE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIZING AND DRESSING WARPS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HAIR SEATING."
This Invention relates to the method of and apparatus for sizing and dressing
the linen or cotton warps used in the manufacture of horse-hair seating.
These warps are required to be very stifly sized, and in fact to resemble black
horse hair as nearly as possible.
Hitherto such warps have been sized and dressed by hand by means of brushes,
which is a slow and expensive process, the warps being previously wound on to
beams.
According to my Invention I size the warp by means of self-acting machinery,
the said sizing being effected as the yarn comes direct from the bobbin or spool and
as it is being wound on to the beam.
In front of the machine I place a creel for supporting the requisite number of
bobbins or spools, according to the width of warp required, and I pass the threads
from the bobbins or spools first through a reed or comb, or through wire guides, or
perforated metal plates, to reduce them to the required width, and then pass them
through or between a pair of sizing rollers, the lower one of which dips in thick
size or stiffening composition in a trough beneath. The threads then pass between
two cylindrical brushes, which revolve rapidly in the reverse direction to the
passage of the threads, which lay all the fibres, and give the threads a clean and
polished appearance.
After brushing the threads pass over plates or boxes heated by gas (or otherwise)
which dries the size or stiffening, and the yarn then passes through a pair of healds
(where the "lease" is taken), and through (another reed or comb on to the yarn
beam.

page_text: The threads are kept separate during the process and prevented from sticking
together by means of "lease rods," which cross the threads alternately, and also by
means of reeds, tombs, or perforated plates placed at suitable intervals.
Yarns stiffened and dressed by this process will be found to be much superior to
those starched by hand, as heretofore, and at the same time the process is very
much quicker, and may be carried on continuously by merely changing the bobbins
or spools from time to time as they become exhausted.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OFF THE ENDS OF CIGARS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bela Broncs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1878.
BELA BRONCS, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OFF THE ENDS OF CIGARS."
"AN
My improved apparatus is for cutting off the ends of cigars, consists of a
rectangular box, to one end of which a cover is hinged in such a manner that the
cover may rise and fall freely inside the box. The cover when in its normal
position is inclined towards the hinge, and it is retained in this position by a spring
catch inside the box, a coiled spring being employed to press the cover always in an
upward direction.
In the top of the cover, and near the front end of same are one or more holes,
and a plate with a corresponding number of chamfered holes is rivetted or other-
wise secured thereon in order to strengthen the holes. A sheet-metal knife or
cutter slides in contact with the under side of the cover, and is rigidly connected to
a pair of arms which rock on an axis fixed across the inside and near the back of
the box. The knife or cutter is held against the cover of the box by a spring.
The hinge of the cover and the axis of the knife arms being in different planes,
the act of depressing the cover will force the knife or cutter forward past the holes
in the cover; thus the pointed end of a cigar introduced into one of the holes will
be cut off when the cover is depressed.
When the box has become full of the cut-off cigar ends the spring catch is
released by pressing upon a stud attached thereto and projecting through the side
of the box; the cover can then be raised and the contents of the box thrown away.
The sides of the cover are so made as to close up the space between the top of
the cover and the top of the box. The box and accesories may be placed in a
marble or other ornamental stand.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Shaw Gent, of the Firm of Kendall and Gent, of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS."
Sealed the 14th February 1879, and dated the 21st November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Shaw Gent at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1878.
Joseph Shaw GENT, of the Firm of Kendall and Gent, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS."
My Invention has for its object improvements in gas burners.
My improved gas burners are designed to automatically regulate the issue of gas
from their orifices and to obviate corrosion.
For these purposes I construct the burner as follows:-
The case, which is tubular and of brass, is formed with an internal shoulder,
above which is a small cap or gas holder able to move freely lengthwise of the case,
and of such size as to leave an annular space for the passage of gas between the
interior surface of the case and the said cap or holder. Above the cap or holder is
a ring of curved cross section, forming a seat against which the top of the cap or
holder may bear as a valve.
The tip in which are the exit holes for the gas is at its under part, of tapering
Price 271

page_text: form, terminating with a shank which serves as a stop for the cap or gas holder,
and also to heat the gas so that its combustion may be more perfect, thereby
improving the illuminating power.
My improved tips as described may also be used in burners differing in other
respects from that I have hereinabove described.
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY OR OTHER TICKET TO BE USED AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raphael Hunter Brandon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Cesare Ceccarelli, Paul Triscornia (son of Ferdinand), and
Pellegrini Guillaume Micheli, all of 15, Place du Statut, Turin.
RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton
Buildings, and No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris. "AN IMPROVED RAILWAY OR OTHER
TICKET TO BE USED AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUM." [A communication from
abroad by Cesare Ceccarelli, Paul Triscornia (son of Ferdinand), & Pellegrini
Guillaume Micheli, all of 15, Place du Statut, Turin.]
This Invention relates to publicity applicable to tickets for railways, tramways,
steamboats, and ships, omnibuses, theatres, and other public places where tickets are
issued, and it consists in providing said tickets with a kind of pocket, stuck to or
otherwise formed on either or both faces of the said tickets, and into which the
advertisements printed on cards or other material are placed for the purpose
aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHANTASMAGORIA OR MAGIC LANTERNS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward 'Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Arthur Leon Laverne, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
. HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 60, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHANTASMAGORIA OR
MAGIC LANTERNS." [A communication from abroad by Arthur Leon Laverne, of
Paris, in the Republic of France].
The object of the present Invention is to correct certain defects which exist in
this class of lanterns when constructed in the ordinary way. To this end the
casing of the reflector, instead of being composed of part of a circle resting upon a
surface of sheet iron slightly in the longitudinal direction, and having a slit made
in it for the passage of the plane, is formed of a cylinder of sheet iron with the
base removed for the purpose of receiving a fixed regulating plate, which is bent
to the proper form, and with a slit, notch, or opening made therein, and is rivetted
to the upper part of an opening made for the passage and adjustment of the
flame..
In order to prevent the loss of reflecting surface which arises from making a
hole at the centre of the reflector, as usual, to admit of inspecting the flame, the
ordinary central peep hole is dispensed with, and an opening is made at the upper
part of the cylindrical box or case above the reflector, and a short tube provided
with a glass end is adapted to this opening, and is arranged in a diagonal direction,
so that the operator can observe the flame. By this means the central part of the
reflector is preserved intact.
.
The cylindrical box is placed above the lamp or burner, and is connected there-
with by a hinge, and is lodged in a casing provided at its front part with a fitting
containing the case of the condensing lenses.
Heretofore these parts were plain cylindrical parts, and were very liable to get
so hot that the heat had a tendency to and sometimes did crack or break the lenses.
In order to prevent this the fitting or case which carries the lenses, and also the
Price 2d1

page_text: cylindrical fitting in which the lens case is placed, are perforated all round, so as
to allow a current of air to pass between the lenses and carry off the heat.
The cylindrical box which carries the reflector and encloses the burner is sur-
rounded by an outer casing, which is perforated at its upper part and also at its
base, so as to admit of a current of air passing between these two parts and keeping ;
the lantern moderately cool.
IN SEWING MACHINES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1878.
THOMAS DAVIES, of Kennington Oval, in the County of Surrey.
IN SEWING MACHINES."
«
IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to improvements in the method of operating the lock
stitch of sewing machines, and may be considered an addition to the Letters Patent,
No. 2030, granted me under date of May 15th, 1876.
It consists in making the reel car with a dovetail groove at its outer end. Into
such dovetail groove is fitted the upper end of an arm or lever fixed to the hori-
zontal bar, which moving to and fro end wise by means of a cam mechanism operated
from the driving spindle, causes a corresponding movement of the reel car. The
arm or lever fits quite loosely in the dovetail groove, and is held loosely therein by
means of a screw passing through the arm into a recess at the end of the reel car.
By the to and fro motion imparted to the horizontal bar the reel car is drawn to
and fro in and out of a hollow cylinder, and the needle descending between the
hollow cylinder and reel car in the ordinary manner a hook on the outside of the
hollow cylinder takes the cotton out of the needle, and when it is wound round
the hollow cylinder the reel car is caused to enter the cylinder through the loop of
cotton, the same time the cotton on the hook escapes and takes up the cotton
of the reel, thereby making a lockstitch when on the upward movement of the
needle the thread is drawn upwards between the outer end of the reel car and the
arm or lever fitting loosely therein, as before described. I make the reel car in
the form of a hollow cylinder open at the inner end, in which may be inserted any
ordinary reel of cotton, and closed at the outer end. I provide its periphery with
any requisite number of perforations for the purpose of lightness of construction,
077

page_text: and for obtaining a proper tension of the cotton in the reel car by causing the
thread to travel through one or more of them.
The reel of cotton is prevented from escaping from the reel car by means
of a perforated cover fitted thereto, which perforations are for the purpose of
lightness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS OR APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING OR HOLDING DRESSES OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gordon McDonald at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1878.
GORDON MCDONALD, of Cheapside, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENERS OR APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING OR HOLDING DRESSES OR OTHER
ARTICLES."
My Invention refers to fasteners or apparatus for suspending or holding up
dresses or other articles, and it substantially consists in hinging or linking together
two cylindrical or partially cylindrical pieces, the ends opposite the hinged portions
having connected to them metal discs, grippers, or gripping pads; the normal
position of the parts is for the discs or grippers to touch one another and so as to
grip the dress or other article to be held.
A looped link linked to one arm of the hinged pieces embraces the two cylindrical
pieces, and on being pressed down or falling by its own weight keeps the two
together, so that the discs or grippers are brought together and so kept until one
end of the link is raised, when the discs or grippers separate and the suspended
article falls out or can be removed.
A loop which may be connected by the same pin that hinges the cylindrical
pieces, is applied for connecting the fastener to the waist, or otherwise by cord, as
may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING ORDINARY COAL GAS JETS BY ELECTRICITY."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Alexander Reid Molison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1878.
ALEXANDER REID MOLISON, of 45, St. George's Terrace, Swansoa, in the County
of Glamorgan, Science Teacher. IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING ORDINARY COAL
GAS JETS BY ELECTRICITY."
The apparatus essentially consists of an electric battery, a piece of platinum foil,
or a piece of spongy platinum (the platinum being placed within a guard to prevent
its being displaced) so arranged that, at will, the battery current may be made to
pass through the platinum, the platinum conductor being so shaped that at one
part or point the connection or channel through which the electric current has to
pass is so small that great resistance is offered, and consequently the conductor at
that point gets heated.
Now when the instrument is in use, the jet of coal gas is made to flow and
impinge on the platinum conductor, which has already been heated at a point by
the battery current, the effect being that the platinum is further heated (by catalysis)
by the gas ultimately to whiteness, when it ignites the gas.
The speciality of the Invention consist in using a battery current to heat the
platinum at a point, thus giving, as it were, a start to the coal gas to produce the
desired effect which otherwise it would be incapable of doing.
The instrument is of various forms and any battery may be used.
MENTS IN TRIGGER OR ALARM BELLS FOR SWING AND OTHER DOORS
Year: 1878

page_text: Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
CHARLES SMITH, of Denmark Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN TRIGGER OR ALARM BELLS FOR SWING AND OTHER DOORS."
"
'IMPROVE-
My Invention has for its object improvements in trigger or alarm bells for swing
and other doors.
Hitherto trigger bells have been constructed to ring in only one direction of the
swing of the door, and consequently were not applicable to what are known as
swing doors.
Now according to my Invention the connections of the bell are so arranged that
the bell will be sounded in both directions of the swing of the door; that is to say,
whenever the door is opened or closed or (in the case of swing doors) passes the
architrave or position of rest.
The mode in which I prefer to carry my Invention into effect is somewhat as
follows.
.
I mount upon centres carried by suitable bearings on the base plate of the bell a
T lever, and I connect to each extremity of two projections thereof a chain or other
flexible connection.
These chains are connected at their other ends to a hammer lever carried by
suitable bearings, and sprung in one direction, and this hammer lever carries a
spring hammer or striker for sounding the bell. The third projection of the T lever
serves as a lever or trigger for the door to act upon to operate the mechanism of the
bell, and may be bevelled at its end if desired.
By these means whenever the door in its traverse in either direction comes in
contact with the aforesaid lever or trigger it depresses the spring striker through
the medium of the chains and hammer lever, and then allows it to slip and thereby
sound an alarm.

page_text: In the case of swing doors I sometimes mount on the door a bracket carrying a
lever connected thereto by a rule joint, so that it will form a rigid projection in one
direction and give way in the contrary direction. This lever is mounted in line
with the lever or trigger operating the bell and comes in contact therewith in one
direction of the swing of the door to sound the bell, whilst the lever or trigger from 5
the bell comes in contact with the door itself in the contrary direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG MACHINES OR OTHER LIKE MACHINES FOR BREAKING-UP WOVEN FABRICS OR FOR PULLING, TEAZING, AND OPENING FIBRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Berry and Squire Roberts at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1878.
STEPHEN BERRY, Commercial Traveller, and SQUIRE ROBERTS, Card Manufac-
turer, both of Cleckheaton, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAG
MACHINES OR OTHER LIKE MACHINES FOR BREAKING-UP WOVEN FABRICS OR FOR
PULLING, TEAZING, AND OPENING FIBRES."
This Invention relates to an improved and more economical method of and
apparatus for securing the "pins" or "teeth" employed in machines for purposes
aforesaid, by casting such pins to their holding late or cylinder. Heretofore the
practice has been to bore holes in the wooden or metal lags or cylinders, and after-
wards drive in the pins.
<<
According to this our Invention we place the required number of pins and lines
of pins in position in a board or "pattern" the latter is placed within a moulding
box, and filled with sand. On the moulding box being turned over, and the
pattern" board removed, the pins are embedded in the moulding sand, and on
molten metal being run over the protruding ends of the pins the latter are secured
and cast into their holding plate formed by the pattern; or the pattern board may
be placed in the sand, and the pins pressed through the holes into the sand.
The plates for a rag or other like machine are radius plates, so that on a number
of them being placed together a complete cylinder is formed; or a cylinder may be
cast entire, the pins being inserted in the sand by means of boards, as described,
and when the whole are inserted in the sand, a central core being placed in position,
and the metal run in as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE WASTE LIQUORS FROM DYE WORKS, AND RECOVERING THE COLOURING THEREFROM."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernhard Heinrich Remmers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1878.
"
BERNHARD HEINRICH REMMERS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain. IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE WASTE LIQUORS FROM DYE WORKS,
AND RECOVERING THE COLOURING THEREFROM."
This Invention has for its object the economy of dye stuffs by recovery of the
alizarine and purpurine from the waste liquors discharged from Turkey red and
other dye works where madder or artificial alizarine is used; and the nature and
novelty of the Invention consist in running the waste liquors from the dye vats
into separate large vats or tanks, into which muriatic, sulphuric, or other acid is
introduced in sufficient quantity to precipitate or separate all the colouring matter
in the liquor, which may be slightly stirred for the better admixture of the acid
with the liquor; or the acid may be fed through a filler or otherwise into the pipe
or passage leading from the dye vat to the separate tank, so as to thoroughly mix
with the liquor and precipitate the colouring matter more speedily when it enters
the tank, the acid in either case varying with its strength or the amount of colouring
matter held in suspension in the liquor.
So soon as the colouring matter is completely precipitated with the acid the clear
water is run off from the vat by a tap, or by the removal of a plug or other
convenient means, retaining the precipitate in the bottom to be treated as herein-
after described.
Under certain circumstances the consistency or condition of the waste liquors is
such that the acid mixing with the colouring matter brings it to the surface, in
which case the water is run off from the lower level, leaving the combined acid and
colouring matter in the vat for further treatment, which further treatment constitutes
the principal feature of novelty of any Invention.
When the water is run off from the vat the precipitate therein is boiled for a few
minutes, during which a little more of the acid is added if necessary, until the
precipitate assumes a yellowish or cinnamon colour, when the whole is lifted, poured,
or run into a separate wooden or other convenient vessel and allowed to cool, after
D

page_text: which the acid is removed from the colouring matter by being filtered and washed
by an ordinary filter press, or by any other convenient means of filtration and
washing until the colouring matter becomes quite neutral; the colouring matter
may then be used over again in other dyeing operations, thus effecting great economy
of dye stuffs which have hitherto been wasted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Waddington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
JOSEPH WADDINGTON, of Halifax, in the County of York, Tin Plate Worker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL
TUBES."
This Invention relates to the construction and application of improved machinery
for cutting, bending, folding, and shaping strips of tin or other thin sheet metal to
be formed into tubes, and secured by soldering, brazing, or otherwise.
Machines according to this my said Invention comprizes an ordinary shear or
cutting knife, in connection with which is a holding bar operated by levers and
weights, so as to press upon and hold the sheet firmly during the action of the
knife, or cutting the strip when the cutting is completed; the weight is removed
from the holding bar by an eccentric which lifts the levers and holding weights.
The edge of the strip is next to be folded, which is effected by the action of a
presser bar, the edge of which is so formed as when applied forces a portion of the
strip into a grooved bar, another bar having L shaped groove is employed for
flattening or turning down the folded part, which folded part serves to hook or
attach the strip to a mandril, around which it is turned, so securing the tubular
form, and after pressure by ordinary grooved rollers the tube is ready for securing
by soldering or brazing.
The tubes described are specially applicable for the rollers of under covers of
machinery for carding fibres, which heretofore have been constructed in sections.
Rollers made as above greatly facilitate the manufacture of under covers at
reduced cost, and the side supports of such covers are connected by stay rods
which are free to work in centres, and such tubes are applicable as weavers' rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elliot Almond Hinchliffe and Jolm
Vincent Rebbla at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th
April 1878.
ELLIOT ALMOND HINCHLIFFE and JOHN VINCENT REBBLA, both of Leeds, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
Our Invention is applicable to power looms, and the object of it is to dispense
with that part of the loom which is known as the "jacquard," from which the
required motion is transmitted to the "shafts" containing the healds or heddles.
In our improvements we dispense entirely with the upper levers or treadles for
communicating motion to the lower treadles, and act direct upon the lower treadles,
and through them impart the required motion to the "shafts" containing the
healds or heddles.
In order to give the required pattern to the fabric being woven it is necessary
that one or more of the "shafts" carrying the warp should be raised or lowered
in order to allow the shuttle containing the weft to pass between the warp threads
at every throw thereof.
In our improvements we apply the lag arrangement containing the pattern pegs
direct upon the lower treadles or levers; and in order to do this we mount tho
roller or rollers carrying it on a hinged bracket or bearings, to which an oscillating
movement is imparted from any convenient moving part of the machine.
We cause the roller or rollers containing the pattern lag to revolve (giving a
traverse to the pattern lag thereby) by means of a ratchet or other equivalent
intermittent motion. By this means the various pegs are brought in contact at
suitable times with corresponding levers or treadles, to which the required motion
is thereby imparted, and thence through cords, rods, or their equivalents to any
required number of "shafts" containing the healds or heddles.
The brackets or bearings containing the pattern lag are by preference hinged on
the same centre as the lower treadles or levers.
In order to arrest or fix in position the various "shafts" after each movement
thereof we provide a catch, which after each motion drops into a recess in the lag
roller or rollers, and thereby arrests any movement thereof until such movement is
required.

page_text: The catch may be thrown out of gear either by the oscillating movement of the
bracket or framework carrying the pattern lag or by other equivalent means.
In order to bring the "shafts" containing the healds or heddles level with each
other we provide a spring, which acts upon a lever mounted in suitable bearings
on the framework, and attached to the "shafts" by means of cords or chains con-
nected thereto, and passing over the hanging guide pulley.
Instead of the ordinary lag arrangement a cylinder perforated to receive the
required pattern pegs may be employed, and mounted in bearings on the oscillating
brackets.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TRUCKS, WAGGONS, AND SUCH LIKE TRANSPORTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1878.
JAMES RICHARDSON, of Ryton-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
TRUCKS, WAGGONS, AND SUCH LIKE TRANSPORTS."
Many defects have been found to exist in the present means employed to couple
and uncouple carriages, trucks, and similar transports employed on railways and
other tracks, and in some cases rendering them unwieldily and expensive.
To remedy the above defects and many concomitant evils is the object of my
Invention, to carry out which I form at one extremity of a straight lever a
bifurcated curved or dished arm.
The mode of action would be as follows:-The operative standing outside the
buffers of the carriage, and making use of one of the said buffers as a fulcrum for
his lever, passes the curved arm under the pendent coupling link, which is received
between the two prongs. By a judicious manipulation of the lever the coupling
link is brought up and passed over the hook of the draw bar of the adjoining
carriage, and the lever withdrawn.
To uncouple the carriages, a similar but reverse process is performed.
In some cases the coupling link hangs much below the draw bar, thereby
rendering it difficult to get a good lift. To meet this contingency, the other end of
the lever is doubled back upon itself somewhat in the form of a long hook; this
readily permits the coupling being drawn up to a height sufficient to insure ample
leverage and prevents the possibility of the link slipping away and thereby delaying
the coupling of the carriages.
This apparatus for coupling and uncoupling railway carriages, trucks, waggons,
and such like transports does not require any alteration or additions to be made to
the present system of couplings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF TRICYCLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scantlebury at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1878.
WILLIAM SCANTLEBURY, of 72, City Road, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF TRICYCLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construction of
tricycles, an important feature of these improvements being the position in which
the rider is placed, in order that the rider may apply the force necessary to propel
the tricycle most advantageously.
For this purpose the rider is mounted upon a seat the driving mechanism being
so arranged that the thrust of his legs acts in a horizontal line or nearly so, the
back of the seat affording a firm resistance to the thrust of his legs.
The seat of the rider is mounted upon a transverse bar or board placed a little in
advance of the axle of the travelling wheels, which are of equal diameter, one being
free to revolve upon the axle and the other being fixed thereon to serve as the driving
wheel.
Standards are fixed to the under side of the bar or board which supports the
seat, the lower ends being formed with roller bearing boxes for the axle of the wheels
to run in.
The rear end of a backbone is bolted to the underside of the board or bar which
supports the seat, the front end of the backbone being arranged to carry the guide
or steering wheel.
Upon the main axis discs are fixed which are advantageously driven to give
motion to the main axis by means of eccentrics carried by lever arms, the lower
ends of which are formed with sockets or bearings which are free to move upon the
main axis. The upper ends of these lever arms are jointed to the back ends of
horizontal foot bars, the other ends of which are supported by and run between
rollers carried by the front part of the back bone.
Upon the horizontal foot bars projections are fixed which serve as pedals for
driving the horizontal bars forward to actuate the lever arms and eccentrics carried
thereby, which at each forward movement of the bars nip or act upon the
periphery of the discs attached to the main axle to give forward motion thereto.
D
071

page_text: In place of driving the main axle by means of eccentrics other well known me-
chanical equivalents may be employed, such as a ratchet and pawl, quadrant and
strap, or rack and toothed quadrant, but I find the application of eccentrics the most
convenient and advantageous mechanism for this purpose.
When it is desired to move the tricycle backwards the eccentrics may be lifted or
thrown out of action.
MENTS IN BUTTON FASTENINGS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1878. A communication
from abroad by George Prentice, of the State of Rhode Island, United States
of America.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVE
MENTS IN BUTTON FASTENINGS." A communication from abroad by George Prentice,
of the State of Rhode Island, United States of America.
The Invention relates to attaching buttons and such like to wearing or other
apparel by a metallic two-pronged fastener provided with a staple to receive the
shank of the button, and having lancet points to ensure easy penetration and
setting of the same in the material to which the button is to be applied, said
fastener being formed of round or half-round or triangular-sectioned wire, thereby
allowing the button to swing freely from side to side and also preventing the
shank from pressing into the material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING STRAPS OR BELTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dex Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1878.
ROBERT DEX HARRISON, of Batley, in the County of York, Mill Strap Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRIVING STRAPS OR BELTS."
This Invention relates to straps or belts employed for driving shafting or other
machinery; and my improvements consist in manufacturing such straps with a
narrow strip of leather or other material at each edge, so that the edges shall be
about double the thickness of the middle portion. By this method of manufacture
a great saving of material is effected, as a belt so constructed possesses nearly the
same driving strength as if constructed of double thickness throughout, and also
adheres more firmly to the convex face of the pulley, over which it passes at the
outer edges.
The "splicings" or joints of the outer edges are made to slope the opposite way
to those of the main strap, so that when running there is less liability to catch, in
case anything should come in contact therewith.
IN BRACE ATTACHMENTS OR SLIP BUCKLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Robert Hobdell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1878.
26
FREDERICK ROBERT HOBDELL, in the employ of Messieurs John Paterson and
IMPROVEMENTS
Company, Manufacturers, of Staining Lane, in the City of London.
IN BRACE ATTACHMENTS OR SLIP BUCKLES."
This Invention relates to attachments or slip buckles whereby brace ends
can be moved up or down the webbing with facility for adjustment, and the buckle
be caused to retain itself at the desired position on a strain being put upon it by
the weight of the trowsers which the brace has to sustain.
For the purpose of my Invention I form a skeleton frame of square or rectan-
gular shape, and I fit upon the end or side pieces so as to slide thereon a loose
fitting bar whose ends are forked on or looped around the frame. This sliding bar is
encircled, or nearly so, by a capping of metal, one portion of which serves as a blade
or edging to impinge against or upon the webbing. Another part of the metal
capping piece is curved and terminates in a loop, ring, or a button end, to which the
brace ends proper are attached, and the strain put upon the ends causes the slip
buckle to fix itself by the bite of the blade portion upon the webbing. On the
removal of the strain the slip buckle can be slid up or down the webbing by a
simple sliding action.
The edge of the blade is roughened or formed with teeth to bite the webbing
more forcibly than if the blade were plain, which it may be for some webbings.
The webbing is passed under from the back of the top of the frame, then down
the front of the sliding bar, then over the bottom bar of the frame to the rear,
from which the end hangs loose. The sliding bar is thus at the back of the web-
bing; and when the strain takes place it, i.e., the sliding bar, is dragged down until
the blade bites the webbing and holds the brace ends at the desired position.
The lacing of the webbing through the slip buckle prevents the buckle shifting
its position until a sliding force is applied.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TELEPHONY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1878. A communication from
abroad by George Black, of Hamilton, Electrician, and Abner Mulholland
Rosebrugh, of Toronto, Doctor of Medicine, both in the Dominion of Canada.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEPHONY." A communication from abroad by George Black, of
Hamilton, Electrician, and Abner Mulholland Rosobrugh, of Toronto, Doctor of
Medicine, both in the Dominion of Canada.
This Invention consists, first, in the combination with a telephone of the appa-
ratus commonly known as a "condenser," the object of this part of the Invention
being to enable telephones or other secondary current apparatus to be connected
with the wire of any galvanic circuit without interfering with the action of said
galvanic circuit.
The Invention consists, secondly, in connecting two or more wires of a telegraphi
line running in the same direction and using them as a conductor, by which arrange-
ment the resistance of the line is very much reduced and the advantageous result
obtained, that the length of line on which a telephone can be used is very much
increased.
The Invention consists further in "grounding" the wire of a telephone circuit at
one, two, or more intermediate points, and in the insertion in said ground wires of a
"condenser" for the purpose of diminishing the injurious effect of foreign induced
currents.
The Invention consists, lastly, in connecting two or more independant galvanic
circuits by means of a "condenser," for the purpose of forming a telephonic circuit
without interfering with the action of said galvanic circuits.