matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF CLOTH
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernhard Metz, of New York, City and State
of New York, United States of America, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF CLOTH."
Scaled the 4th June 1872, and dated the 7th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernhard Metz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1871.
I, BERNHARD METZ, of New York, City and State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF CLOTH," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to the combination of a border or borders either
in strips or of any desired design or figure with repellent or waterproof
goods, to produce when the goods are cut up an ornament at or near the
bottom of the garment when finished or at any other places thereon.

page_text: When the border consists only of stripes any common loom can be
used for weaving the fabric, but when the borders are made to represent
figures or a design pattern a jacquard loom will be necessary to produce
this configuration.
The strips or figures woven in the fabric may be produced either by 5
the use of woof or weft of a different material, such as silk or satin
threads, or the woof or weft may be of the same material as the body of
the cloth but differently coloured to produce the desired design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA SALTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Wanklyn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th December 1871.
I, JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN, of Harrington Street, Hampstead Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA
SALTS," to be as follows:-
:-
The sewage of towns as it passes along the sewers has been found
in certain stages of its progress to contain nearly all its combined
nitrogen in the state of ammonia. I. propose to utilize this ammonia
by extracting it from the sewage by evaporation, and to absorb the
vaporzied ammonia by means of a suitable acid (by preference sulphuric
acid). The resulting ammonia salt is directly available for manure, and.
can be easily made a marketable article.
The ammonia I propose to boil off from the sewage when the
sewage is very strong and fuel is very cheap, and in other cases when

page_text: T
convenient to drive off the ammonia by a current of air of suitable
temperature.
The ammonia, whether distilled off from a huge boiler or driven off by
a current of air, is in all cases to be absorbed by acid, which absorption
may be conveniently carried out in the well-known coke tower in use in 5
alkali works.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Grubb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1871.
I, HOWARD GRUBB, Civil Engineer, of Rathmines, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC LENSES," to be as follows:
Ordinary single landscape combinations or patent aplanatic view
lenses while well adapted for landscape purposes (the patent aplanatic
lenses especially so) are not so suitable for strictly architectural views
on account of the curvilinear distortion of the image.
Now my Invention consists of a combination of lenses to be applied
to the primary lens (it, the primary, being either of the two forms
mentioned above, being in general use among photographers) in the
vicinity of its stop or diaphragm, which corrects the distortion while
it does not alter the focus.
The combination consists of two simple lenses, which may be of
similar or dissimilar glass, one placed a short distance anterior to the
diaphragm of the primary and of positive power, the other of negative
power and preferably posterior to same.

page_text: The form of the lenses proposed to be added may advantageously be
for the anterior a plano-convex with its convex surface to the front,
and for the posterior a plano-concave with its concave surface to the
front. Their respective powers being such that when placed in their
correct positions their combined power is about equal to zero, thus
producing displacement of the rays without such refraction as effects the
general focus of the primary lens. The power of this combination in
correcting the distortion of the primary may be varied at pleasure by
alteration of distances between the various components, thus giving the
photographer the useful power of producing at will perfect correction
or a slight amount of either kind of distortion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO FEEDING FIRES WITH COAL, COKE, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Southwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
April 1871.
I, WILLIAM SOUTHWOOD, now residing at the Salisbury Hotel,
Salisbury Square, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO FEEDING FIRES
WITH COAL, COKE, OR OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in a new arrangement of machinery for
introducing coal, coke, or other fuel into furnaces or fires for the purpose
of heating boilers for producing steam, heating muffles for annealing or
other purposes.
I make my fire grate or bars part fixed and part moveable, or the
whole moveable; underneath or below the fire I have a holder or box
made to contain the loose or movable part, also the coal, coke, or other
material to be supplied to the fire. I fix to the loose part of the
grate or bars one or more racks, and cause it to be worked up and
down by means of a shaft and pinion attached to the loose part of the
grate and holder. I cause the holder to be so made that it may be
drawn out and in or to & fro underneath the fire; the holder has or is

page_text: intended to have a plate at the end of it, which when drawn out keeps
the fire in its place and prevents it falling out.
Operation. The holder containing the moveable part of the grate.
or bars is drawn outside the furnace, the moveable part is then caused
to descend to the bottom of the holder by micans of the shaft, rack, and f
pinion; the holder is then refilled with coal, coke, or other material,
then pushed forward into its place, and the moveable part of the grate
or bars raised as the supply to the fire may be required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enos Barraclough and Frank
John Bright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 13th May 1871.
We, ENOS BARRACLOUGH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker of Looms, and FRANK JOHN BRIGHT, of the same Place,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the shedding motion, and it consists in an
improved arrangement of mechanism whereby four or other convenient
number of healds may be worked up and down to form the shed without
the top jacks or springs usually employed.
In performing our Invention we mount the heald roller shafts in the
arms of a swing frame, and this swing frame is caused to vibrate on its
fulcrum, and the heald roller shafts are caused to rotate partially on

page_text: their axes to raise and lower the healds by a set of bottom jacks
actuated by tappet plates, or by tappets and treadles.
Our Invention simplifies the construction and increases the production
of the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL TIES FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER MERCHANDIZE
Year: 1871

page_text: the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Sparrow at.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th June 1871.
I, ALEXANDER SPARROW, of the Albany, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL TIES FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON, WOOL, AND
OTHER MERCHANDIZE," to be as follows:-
•
My Invention relates to a novel device for securing the ends of
metal hoops or bands when the same are passed around bales of cotton,
wool, or other merchandize which has to be made up in bales, bundles,
or trusses for transportation or storage, and the object of the said
Invention is the production of a fastening which shall be safe and
reliable, while at the same time it is simple in form, and may be cheaply
manufactured, requiring no skilled labour.
This improved fastening is made of a single piece of sheet or hoop
iron of suitable thickness. I first stamp from a sheet or strip of such
iron a flat piece or blank of a peculiar form, that is to say, it has a
central portion with curved or inclined sides and a projecting ear on each

page_text: side considerably narrower than the central portion. In this central
portion of the blank and between these ears I form a long narrow
aperture or slot. I then fold or double the two sides over, whereby the
aforesaid ears are brought opposite to each other (forming shoulders to
receive the hoop as herein-after described), but do not meet, so that
there is an aperture between them. These turned or folded sides or
portions are not compressed or forced down upon or in contact with the
central or main portion of the fastening, a space being left between the
front and back portions. Thus it will be seen that my fastening is a
single piece of thin sheet metal having two sides separated by a space.
One side has a slot extending across the fastening or at a right angle to
the direction of the hoop or band around the tie, while the other side
has an opening crossing the said slot and parallel or in line with the
said hoop or band. The ears being narrower than the central portion
the side of the fastening formed by turning them over is shorter than
the other side so that an open space is left between the curved or
inclined parts of the fastening above the aforesaid shoulders. One end
of the hoop or band is bent or doubled to form a hook which is inserted
into the aforesaid slot The hoop is then passed around the bale, and
the other end also having a hook is inserted into the space between the
curved or inclined parts of the fastening. As. the hoop is drawn tight
this end of it will slide down the said curved or inclined parts until it
reaches the shoulders upon which it is stopped and firmly and securely
held. The tie being thus fastened around the bale will be quite secure
against slipping or other accidental displacement, but may be readily
removed when it is desired to open the bale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Smith and James Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th May 1871.
We, DAVID SMITH and JAMES SMITH, both of Airdrie, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement or construction of mechanism
for moulding in sand or loam, as used in foundries, the forms of articles
to be cast therein.
Under one modification the mechanism consists of a circular or
cylindrical framework or roller, upon which are fixed the patterns of the
articles to be cast. This is carried in bearings in saddles which are
capable of sliding upon guides or ways, and between the guides or ways
the surface of sand, preferably contained in a moulding flask in which the
patterns are to be moulded, is situated. The mechanism is provided
with tooth gearing, which when put in motion by the operator actuating
a handle (or it may be driven by mechanical means) causes the circular
framework to revolve, and at the same time travel horizontally in the

page_text: guides or ways, the result of which movement is that all the patterns
carried upon the circular framework are impressed in the surface of sand.
A suspended cover is arranged adjacent to the apparatus, which is
lowered upon the moulded surface of sand when that is prepared for
receiving the liquid metal. In lieu of using a circular or cylindric
surface a flat surface may be employed having the patterns of the
articles to be cast affixed to it. This is carried in the saddles which
slide upon the guides or ways and lowered on to the sand by screws or
levers for the patterns being impressed therein. The sliding saddles are
secured to the guides or ways by jaws or clamping pins to prevent
the apparatus from lifting when the impressions are being made in
the sand.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BUFFER FOR PREVENTING OR EASING THE REBOUND OF THE SHUTTLE AND PICKER IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Armistead, Thomas
Tunstill, and Robert Tunstill at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st August 1871.
We, HENRY ARMISTEAD, of Brierfield, near Burnley, THOMAS Tunstill,
of Burnley, and ROBERT TUNSTILL, of Brierfield aforesaid, all in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED BUFFER FOR PREVENTING OR EASING THE REBOUND OF
THE SHUTTLE AND PICKER IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to prevent or ease the rebound of the
shuttle and picker when the shuttle is thrown across the loom; and the
improvement consists in the employment of a "buffer" to one or both
ends of the loom attached to the ordinary check strap.
This "buffer" works on the ordinary picker spindle, and has a tongue
underneath, which works in the same groove as the tongue of the picker
on the bottom of the shuttle box, and is so formed and arranged as to fit
or correspond with both top and bottom of the back part of the picker;

page_text: thus when the picker is forced against the said "buffer" by the action
of the shuttle the desired effect of preventing and easing the rebound
is obtained. This "buffer" may be made of either wood, paper, sizing,
or other suitable material.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING ROOMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Lacey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1871.
I, FREDERICK LACEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING ROOMS," to be as follows:―
The object of this Invention is by the apparatus herein-after described
so to ventilate rooms that all hot or foul air therein contained may be
constantly drawn outwards.
The Invention consists substantially in providing two metal tubes of
suitable diameter, which are placed in a perpendicular or nearly
perpendicular direction, and which said metal tubes are connected at
their lower parts by a cross tube.
At a proper height in one of the said upright tubes is placed a gas
jet, which when the apparatus is desired to be used is lighted, so that
the air contained in this tube (which is the "outlet" tube) may be

page_text: rarefied, and a vacuum being thus created there will be a constant suction
or indrawing of the surrounding air into the other of the said tubes,
which is the "inlet" tube. Thus when the apparatus is in operation
(which may be effected by fixing it in a room in any manner so that
the "inlet" tube may take in the air of the apartment and the "outlet"
tube communicate with the outer air) the air of the room will be
continually drawn into the "inlet" tube, and by means of the creation
of the vacuum before mentioned will be carried away through the
"outlet" pine herein-before described.
rarefied, and a vacuum being thus created there will be a constant suction
or indrawing of the surrounding air into the other of the said tubes,
which is the "inlet" tube. Thus when the apparatus is in operation
(which may be effected by fixing it in a room in any manner so that
the "inlet" tube may take in the air of the apartment and the "outlet"
tube communicate with the outer air) the air of the room will be
continually drawn into the "inlet" tube, and by means of the creation
of the vacuum before mentioned will be carried away through the
"outlet" pipe herein-before described.
Gas may be conveyed to the gas jet in the apparatus by a tube
connected with the gas bracket usually found in most rooms, or by any
other convenient means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING WOOD
Year: 1871

page_text: °
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Damas Denempont and
Charles Simeon Denempont at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th September 1871.
We, CHARLES DAMAS DENEMPONT and CHARLES SIMEON DENEMPONT,
of Leather Lane, in the City of London, do hereby declare the naturo
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING WOOD,"
to be as follows:-
-
Our Invention relates to improvements in machinery for shaping
articles in wood, such as bootmakers' lasts, wooden boot heels, gunstocks,
and other articles of irregular shape.
We employ a number of straight saws placed close together side by
side, but working freely or independently of one another. These saws
are mounted in a frame, to which a reciprocating or to-and-fro move-
ment is imparted from a crank or eccentric on the driving shaft.
Patterns of the article which it is desired to reproduce are mounted
in bearings, ono near each end; and the saws, which at that part
have their edges plain, bear against the patterns, and follow the

page_text: form of their surface. The material to be operated upon is fixed in
chucks placed between the patterns, and in the same plane therewith,
any convenient number of pieces being shaped at the same time
according to the length of the saws; the patterns and the several
picces to be operated on being driven simultaneously by suitable
gearing actuated from the driving shaft. The saws may be sufficiently
numerous to act on the whole length of the article at one operation, or
a less number may be employed, the saws being traversed across the
machine as the work progresses to act on another part of the material.
The saws may be maintained against the surface of the patterns by the 1
force of springs, or by gravity. Their serrated edges work against the
material like rasp teeth, and as in its reciprocating movement cach saw
is caused to follow the form of that portion of tho pattern on which it
bears, the material is quickly reduced to the desired shape..
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOOTHING IRONS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1871.-A communication from abroad by Hermann
Gaensly and Jean Georges Rueger, both of Lyons, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Ohancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOOTHING IRONS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in smoothing irons, and
consists in constructing the iron of a metal case or box containing a
chamber for burning fuel without flame, with a constant supply of
air for combustion, which is regulated as herein-after described, the
gases of combustion passing out through a tubular support for the
handle of the iron.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing shows a longitudinal section
of the improved smoothing iron, and Figure 2 a plan, with the upper
part raised to show the grate on which the fuel is placed; Figure 3 is a
rear view of the iron, showing the air regulator in position for admitting

page_text: a full supply of air for combustion; while Figure 4 is a similar view
showing the same regulator in a position to admit of clearing the ash-
pit or space beneath the grate. The samo reference letters apply to all
the Figures.
A, box iron, having a polished face a, as usual; B, grate for supporting |
the fuel, resting on projections 6 of the part A; C, plate for deflecting
the air below the grate B, and serving to divide the heating chamber I
into two parts, which communicate by the openings or spaces between
the grate bars; D, rear end of part A, having three apertures, the one d
being on a level with the ash-pit J, and the two others d³, d', above;
E, air regulator, rotating on a pin e, and also provided with apertures
corresponding with d, d', d', the supply of air for the combustion of the
fuel being regulated or cut off by adjusting the position of the regulator
with regard to said opening; G, cap or cover, hinged at g to the lower
part A of the iron, and fixed in position by a screw g' at the opposite 1
end. The rear end of cover G has a tubular prolongation forming a
support for the handle K (which is attached by screws & or otherwise),
and also serving as an escape for the gases of combustion from the
heating chamber I.
:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASK WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Oxley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1871.
I, JAMES OXLEY, Brewers' Engineer, of Frome, Somersetshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CASK WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
I take two frames, one within the other, the outer frame being
mounted on two journals fixed to the sides thereof and working in two
stands one on each side. The inner frame is mounted on two journals also
fixed in the ends thereof and running in bearings provided in the ends
of the outer frame. The cask is placed inside the inner frame. These
two frames are made to turn in opposite directions, the outer frame
being driven in one direction by means of a wheel or pulley on the end
of its axle, and the inner one being driven in the opposite or transverse
direction by a chain wheel fixed on its axle. On the stand carrying
the machine is fixed a chain wheel similar to that on the axle of the
inner frame, but either somewhat larger or smaller in diameter in order

page_text: to produce a constant change of position at each revolution of the cask.
The motion is communicated from one wheel to the other by an endless
chain which turns the angle of the outer frame by running over two
grooved pulleys fixed thereon.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SCATTERING SAND OR OTHER GRITTY MATTER ON ROADS AND FOOT- PATHS FOR THE BETTER PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS AND TRAFFIC IN SLIPPERY WEATHER, THE SAME MACHINE BEING ALSO ADAPTED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Joseph Ney at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1871.
I, JOHN JOSEPH NEY, of the Town of Galway, Ireland, and 23,
Pentonville Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR SCATTERING SAND OR OTHER GRITTY MATTER ON ROADS AND FOOT-
PATHS FOR THE BETTER PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS AND TRAFFIC IN SLIPPERY
WEATHER, THE SAME MACHINE BEING ALSO ADAPTED FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
―:
My improved machine consists of a box or receptacle of iron, or wood,
or other suitable material, mounted on two or more wheels. This box
or receptacle has a valve in its lower front part, which lifts and permits
the sand to escape and fall on to a rotary brush worked by a band of gut
or other suitable material by means of a groove on the inside of one of
the wheels. This brush is made of fibre, hair, wire, or india-rubber, and
revolving with great rapidity it strikes the falling sand or other gritty
matter, and scatters it on every side.

page_text: To prevent the sand being driven into the faces of persons passing, a
projecting guard is placed at an angle on the box over the valve and
rotary brush, and this guard prevents the sand or gritty matter striking
upwards.
This rotary brush I also propose to fit to watering carts, and by this 5
means the water would be dashed into spray, and thereby more evenly
diffused over the roads.
The sand or gritty matter, before being used, is thoroughly freed from
moisture to prevent it clogging in the receptacle or box. For domestic
purposes, for sanding floors, corridors and hall ways, I propose making a 1
smaller size machine, the same principle being strictly applicable in
every detail.
A MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DECARBONIZING SMOKE OR THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Fern, of Cullingworth, near Bingley,
in the County of York, Wesleyan Minister, for the Invention of
"A MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DECARBONIZING SMOKE OR THE PRODUCTS
OF COMBUSTION FROM FURNACES."
Sealed the 14th June 1872, and dated the 18th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Fern at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th December 1871.
I, WILLIAM FERN, of Cullingworth, near Bingley, in the County of
York, Wesleyan Minister, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DECARBONIZING SMOKE OR THE
PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The obiect of this Invention is to precipitate the carbon, soot,, or other

page_text: .
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein' expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for “A MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DECAR-
BONIZING SMOKE OR THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION FROM FURNACES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Fern, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent
:

page_text: hot water in a manner substantially as herein described and shewn in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Fern, have hereunto set
"
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
W. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Bradford.
WILLIAM FERN. (L.S.)
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE CARBONATE OF SODA
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
August 1871.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Limefield, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE CARBONATE
OF SODA," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of
soda, otherwise known as the carbonate of soda, consists in decomposing
common salt by bi-carbonate or sesqui-carbonate of ammonia.
In putting the Invention into practice common salt or a strong
solution of common salt is mixed with a proportion of bi-carbonate or
sesqui-carbonate of ammonia, the result of which mixture is a com-
bination of carbonic acid and soda, and of muriate of ammonia or
chloride of ammonium. The bi-carbonate or sesqui-carbonate of soda
when the solutions are sufficiently strong is precipitated as a solid, and
by this means separated from the more soluble muriate of ammonia or
chloride of ammonium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1871.
I, GEORGE KNOWLES, junior, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to that description of combing machine known
as Heilmann's, and refers to a method of constructing the "top detach-
ing roller" and a portion of the "comb cylinder" which acts in con-
junction therewith, whereby I attain an increased truth of the acting
surfaces and greater durability.
As these machines are at present constructed the "top detaching
roller" is covered with leather, and bears against a portion of the
"comb cylinder" which is formed with flutes.
By my Invention I form the said roller with a metal surface and cut
flutes or other such indented parts thereon, and I cover that part of the

page_text: said cylinder before referred to, and which acts on the said roller, with
leather or any of those materials which may be used as substitutes
therefor. The roller having thus a metal surface may be turned or
otherwise made perfectly true by ordinary machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACK CLEARERS FOR TRAMWAYS OR RAILWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hiram Saunders, of Philadelphia, in the United
States of America, but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TRACK CLEARERS FOR TRAMWAYS OR RAILWAYS."
Scaled the 25th April 1871, and dated the 22nd February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hiram Saunders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
22nd February 1871.
I, HIRAM SAUNDERS, of Philadelphia, in the United States of America,
but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACK CLEARERS FOR TRAMWAYS OR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in track clearers for
tramways or railways, and relates to such description of tramway or

page_text: railway in which a grooved rail is employed. For this purpose I employ
a block or plate having a projection thercon to fit or nearly so the
groove of the rail, whilst the portions of such block or plate on either side
of the projection lic on the top of the rail to clear it. This block or plate
may be formed of any suitable material, but that which I have found to
answer well is india-rubber for dirty or muddy weather, and a plate of
iron or steel for use in hard frosty weather; or whenever the groove
of the rail has become choked with hard dirt or with stones. Instead of
the india-rubber a piece of leather, wood, gutta percha, or other suitable
material may be employed. The clearer block I fix to the end of a
spring arm or lever fixed to the carriage, so that as the carriage is drawn
along the rails the clearer is pressed down and acts within the groove
of the rail, and on its surface to clear it. This spring arm or lever I,
by preference form of a strip of spring steel, bent to and fro so as to
obtain a very clastic pressure to the clearer, but I do not confine
myself thereto.
In order to raise the clearer off the rail when not required for work,
and to lower it again when it is required for use, I employ a handle or
lever formed or fixed on an axis of motion, and connected to one end
of a chain, which at its other end is connected to a bell crank or other
suitable lever which acts upon the spring arm to raise or lower the
clearer as desired. Clearers are mounted at each end of the carriage
in front of each wheel, and are drawn but not pushed along the rails.
I find it advisable to mount the clearer block of india-rubber or other
material in an iron head, and to fix the iron or steel plate clearer, also
to such iron head by screws, suitable slots being formed in the plate to
permit of its being raised out of work or lowered into work as may
be found advisable.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECOVERY OF ALKALI PROM CAUSTIC LYES USED IN BOILING FIBRES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Catcheside at
the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st October 1871.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK CATCHESIDE, of Snodland, in the County of
Kent, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RECOVERY OF ALKALI PROM CAUSTIC LYES
USED IN BOILING FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the recovery of alkali
from the caustic lyes used in boiling fibres.
The method at present adopted for recovering the alkali from caustic
liquors that have been employed in boiling fibres is to evaporate the
liquors and calcine the residue. The alkaline carbonate thus obtained
is then causticised by boiling with lime.
I propose to effect this object by treating the liquors from the boilers
as follows:-I precipitate from the lyes the resinous, silicious, and
colouring matters by means of one or more of the following metallic
bases, lime, alumina, magnesia, baryta, and oxide of iron, which may
be obtained in a suitable manner from lime, alum, sulphate of magnesia,

page_text: baryta, and oxide or sulphate of iron, respectively, and thus obtain the
supernatant liquor in a caustic condition. I further wash the pre-
cipitated resinous, silicious, and. colouring matters, and metallic base
or bases above mentioned and calcine them in a suitable furnace and
obtain a material containing, say, from eighty to ninety-five per cent of 5
the original metallic base or bases used, which I employ as the future.
precipitant for other quantities of lye.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WAGONS TO BE USED ON COMMON ROADS FOR CARRYING AND DISCHARGING MINERALS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1871.
I, REUBEN COOPER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Coal Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WAGONS TO BE USED ON COMMON ROADS FOR
CARRYING AND DISCHARGING MINERALS AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as
follows:
The object of my Invention is to so construct a wagon for common
roads that its load may be tipped or discharged with the same
facility as that of a two-wheeled cart, such wagons enabling one horse
and man to take and discharge greater loads with less wear and tear and
less fatigue.to the horse than by the common cart.
My Invention consists in forming the wagon same as an ordinary
wagon, so far as the wheels, carrying springs, and frame, except that the
frame is merely skeleton framing, and that in some cases the cross stay
between the two side frames is either omitted at the back, or it is
extended further back than the body or box part of the wagon, and in

page_text: mounting the body or box_part on a central cross axle resting in
bearings upon the side frames so as to be capable of being tipped to the
angle required for discharging the load, the body or box part when in
this position passing below and between the two side frames at the
tipping end of the wagon. When the body or box is in the loaded
position besides resting on the central axle it is also supported by two
cross stays one at each end, that at the back being moveable if required.
Or the cross stay at the back is passed under and secured to the back
end of the body or box, and sliding bolts upon the side frames are forced
by a lever, handle, or otherwise into staples in the ends of the cross stay
so as to tie the frame together and help to sustain the load. The hind
axle is made cranked to give clearance for "tip" when the body or box
is kept low down.
Another modification consists in arranging the body or box to move
backwards on rollers, when it is to be tipped, these rollers having
bearings on the side framing and being geared together so as to be
rotated by a handle when the box or body is to be moved back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS OF WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1871.
I, JOHN BARRIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS OF WATERCLOSETS," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its objects to simplify and cheapen the water
supply apparatus of waterclosets, and to render it convenient in
application and not liable to get out of order.
In carrying out the Invention a cistern filled by means of a ball float
cock is used for supplying the closet, and inside of or in immediate
connection with this cistern a compartment is formed with its top open
to the cistern at the overflow level, and with a pipe leading from its
bottom down to the closet basin. A valved communication is made
between the bottom of the compartment and the bottom of the cistern,
the valve being connected to the closet mechanism below so as to be
opened whenever the closet handle is lifted.

page_text: The valved communication is made somewhat larger than the
discharge outlet from the compartment, so that when it is opened the
compartment becomes filled in addition to water passing down to the
closet, and on the valve being closed this additional water runs down out
of the compartment and fills the closet basin to the desired extent after
the closet pan or valve has been closed. When the cistern overflows the
waste is visible as it passes into the compartment and thence down to
the closet basin.
The cistern with its compartment is intended to be made in a single
iron casting, but the arrangement is obviously easily applicable to
existing lead or other cisterns, and whether these are used exclusively
for supplying waterclosets or not.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HULLS OF VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1871. - A communication from abroad by Edward
Magruder Strange, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HULLS OF VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the hulls of vessels, and
consists in constructing the submerged portion of the hull of a circular
or other equivalent form around the axial line of the centre of displace-
ment.
The circular or other form begins amidship or thereabout, and tapers
on fine lines to a point at each end, thus forming a kind of double
parabolic cone, the object being that the lifting tendency of the water
on the lower planes of the cone shall be neutralized by the impact on the
upper planes.

page_text: The displacement will commence at the centre of resistance and will
operate in all directions, or nearly so, thereby causing the stationary
and travelling load line to be the same, so that all the weight of ship
and cargo will be wholly sustained by the water, and the engines will be
relieved of any lifting tendency, and their whole power will be utilized for
speed or displacement.
From the point which is the centre of displacement the hull is con-
structed in circular double-pointed form, increasing from the points
towards the centre upon very gradual and fine lines to the breadth of
the greatest beam measurement of the hull or thereabout, so as to
provide upper planes, whereon the impact of the water shall counteract
the lifting tendency of the impact on the lower planes, so that the
displacement shall be from the centre line thereof each way alike.
This construction will completely neutralize the lifting of the vessel,
or nearly so, while in motion above the stationary line, and will thereby
cause the power of the engines to be wholly expended in propelling the
vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARN DURING THE PROCESS OF DOUBLING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bottomley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
June 1871.
I, HENRY BOTTOMLEY, of Low Moor, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF YARN DURING THE
PROCESS OF DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to remove the loose fibres from the
surface of the yarn and improve the appearance thereof. For this
purpose we subject the yarn in its passage from the delivery rollers
to the bobbins and flyers, or other feed to a singeing process obtained
from jets of lighted gas. The gas is conveyed by suitable pipes to the
jets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOYS OR TOY Books
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hogg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1871.
I, JAMES HOGG, of No. 2, Raven Villas, New Road, Hammersmith,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TOYS OR TOY Books,"
to be as follows:-
I manufacture my improved toy book thus :-I take three pieces of
stout millboard A, B, & C, A and B are squares, of, say, ten inches
each with a picture or reading on one side of cach, and with an aperture
cut out in each, say for instance, a circle of from two to three inches
diameter. C is a circle of ten and a quarter inches diameter with pictures
or reading on both sides, say, either a series of pictures like a chain
of circles or a continuous picture like a procession. I place C between
A and B and insert a pin and button in the centre of the three pieces
of millboard so as to bind them together, I also rivet each of the four
corners of A and B, placing a little collar of cardboard, wood, or metal
between them at each corner, these collars being rather thicker than the
inner circle C. When so arranged the circle C can be made to rotate

page_text: with ease by applying the finger to any of the four portions of its edge
which project beyond the edges of A and B. As C rotates the pictures
on its surface are seen through the apertures in A and B. The apertures
I place near the edge.
I do not limit myself to the size of the toy or toy book, nor to the
number, size, or shape of the apertures in A and B, nor to the number,
size, and shape of the pictures on C. For material I prefer millboard,
but wood or metal may be used as a basis and the pictures affixed to it.
I claim the application and combination herein-before set forth to
the manufacture of toys or toy books.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FACTORY LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Kaye at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th Sep-
tember 1871.
I, JOSEPH KAYE, of Kirkstall, Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FACTORY LAMPS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of a lamp
now used in factories and other places. The construction of such a
lamp suitable for being fitted with my improvements is as follows:-
The body of the lamp is divided into a top and a bottom compartment
by means of a partition. The fresh oil is contained in the upper com-.
partment, and the waste oil from the wick in the lower compartment.
The wick tube, which is elbow shaped, passes out slanting upwards a
little and is fastened just above the partition, and is at the end near the
body of the lamp surrounded by an open spout-like pipe with a small
space between the two below or all round. My improvements
added and adapted to a lamp of this description are as follows:-
The bottom or lower part of the aforesaid spout pipe communicates

page_text: with a small pipe which passes under the partition and across the
lower compartment to or nearly to the opposite wall of the body of the
lamp, where the latter has an aperture closed by a screwed cap to admit
of emptying out the waste.
My Invention further consists in an air or vent pipe passing down to
the bottom compartment high enough to reach some little distance
above the top of the lamp and by preference passing air-tight through
the upper compartment.
The action of this lamp when fitted with my aforesaid improvements
is as follows:-The waste oil overflowing from the wick trickles down
along the under side of the elbow pipe, falls into. the spout pipe, and can
only escape from thence into the waste oil compartment by passing
freely through the small pipe for that purpose, the vent pipe allowing a
corresponding amount of air to escape from the waste oil compartment.
It will be understood that a lamp of this construction may be tilted
considerably without allowing any waste oil to run out again from the
waste compartment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wakefield Chambers and
Frederick Eden Elton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th February 1871.
We, JOHN WAKEFIELD CHAMBERS, of Wimbledon, and FREDERICK
EDEN ELTON, of Wandsworth, both in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
We prepare artificial fuel by mixing creosote oil with coke dust or
ground coke, bituminous coal, and lime in the following proportions :-
Creosote oil, 25 pr. cent.; coke, 68 per cent.; bituminous coal, 5 per
cent.; lime, 2 per cent.
We also prepare artificial fuel by mixing creosote oil, coal dust, or
ground coal with coke dust or ground coke, or cinders and lime, in the
following proportions:-Creosote 25 per cent. ; coal, 33 per cent.; coke
or cinders, 40 per cent. ; lime, 2 per cent.
We also prepare artificial fuel by mixing creosote oil with coal dust
or ground coal and lime in the following proportions:-Creosote oil,
22 pr. cent.; coal dust or ground coal, 76 per cent.; lime, 2 per cent.

page_text: We would remark here that although we prefer the proportions
herein-before mentioned we do not confine ourselves thereto, as other
proportions may be found advantageous for different purposes.
The above ingredients are compressed in moulds of any convenient
size and form by any suitable power.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the mode
in which we carry the same into effect, we would have it understood
that what we claim is, the preparation of artificial fuel by the com-
bination of creosote oil with coke dust, coal dust, cinders, and lime, and
the compressing such materials in moulds, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING WATER CLOSETS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1871.
I, WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Sheffield, in the County of Yorkshire,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING WATER CLOSETS AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a cylinder or hollow tube,
one end of which is fixed through the bottom of a water cistern, and the
other connected by a pipe to the closet basin.
On one side of the said cylinder or tube a perforation is made leading
into a box or chamber underneath the water cistern, which box or
chamber is for the purpose of containing the quantity of water or fluid
required for flushing or other purposes. Inside this cylinder or tube a
hollow piston is fitted, having two perforations or holes some distance
apart, the one being above and the other below, that on the cylinder
having communication with the flushing box, and which perforation are

page_text: divided midway in the piston by a water-tight stop or joint. The top of
the piston is attached to a lever whereby it can be raised or lowered, and
by this means bring the upper or lower perforation in direct contact with
the flushing box for the purpose of giving access or decession to the
water as the case requires.
In place of the hollow piston here described I might also employ two
valves fitted on a common centre rod, so that when the said rod is raised
or lowered one or the other valves is closed for supply or delivery.