IMPROVEMENTS IN PENS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Laverty, of No. 25, Candleriggs, in the City of
Glasgow, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENS."
Sealed the 16th September 1864, and dated the 16th March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Laverty at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
March 1864.
I, JAMES LAVERTY, of No. 25, Candleriggs, in the City of Glasgow, do hereby.
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pens, and is more
peculiarly applicable in the manufacture of metallic pens, but other suitable
material may be used when making pens according to my Invention.
In constructing a pen according to this Invention, the body is as heretofore
hollow on its under side. The slit is inclined from the right hand, and some-
what inwards towards the person using the pen. The nibs come as nearly as
may be in the central line of the axis of the holder, but the stem of the pen
which is received by the holder is bent outwards to the right hand of such
central line. It is preferred that the holders should be somewhat flat or oval
in place of cylindrical, by which and by reason of the peculiar construction of
the pen the same will, when writing, accommodate the action of the pen to the
hand more readily than other pens and holders. The nibs of the pen are seen
more clearly than when using an ordinary pen, and also when using a pen,
slit of which is made obliquely and inclined outwards from the right-hand
side of the holder as has previously been the case in some pens. -.
the

page_text: The nibs of pens constructed according to my Invention yield and open in
making the upstrokes, thus admitting of great freedom and rapidity in
writing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Laverty in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
. September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
LAVERTY, of No. 25, Candleriggs, in the City of Glasgow, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Laverty, Her special licence that I, the said James Laverty,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Laverty, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Laverty,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Laverty, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pens, and is more
peculiarly applicable in the manufacture of metallic pens, but other suitable
material may be used when making pens according to my Invention.
In constructing a pen according to this Invention, the body is aş heretofore
hollow on its under side. The slit is inclined from the right-hand, and some-
what inwards towards the person using the pen. The nibs come as nearly as

page_text: may be in the central line of the axis of the holder, but the stem of the pen
which is received by the holder is bent outwards to the right hand of such
central line. It is preferred that the holders should be somewhat flat or oval
in place of cylindrical, by which, and by reason of the peculiar construction of
the pen, the same will, when writing, accommodate the action of the pen to
the hand more readily than other pens and holders. The nibs of the pens are
seen more clearly than when using an ordinary pen, and also when using a pen,
the slit of which is made obliquely and inclined outwards from the right-hand
side of the holder, as has previously been the case in some pens.
The nibs of pens constructed according to my Invention yield and open in
the upstrokes, thus admitting of great freedom and rapidity in writing.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a pen separately according to my Invention; and
Figure 2 shows it with a holder, such as it is preferred to employ therewith.
The stem of the pen which fits into the end of the holder is similar to other
metal pens, that is, it is hollow on its under side and convex on its upper side,
but in place of the nibs being formed as heretofore, the lower part of the stem
is bent or cranked outwards, and to the right of the point where the nibs come
to the paper when writing. The body of the pen (which is hollow on its
under side and convex on its upper surface) projects towards the left hand of
the writer, and the outermost end of the split of the pen commences where
the points touch the paper, and proceeds from that point towards the right, and
terminates in the body of the pen. It is in these particulars that this pen
differs from the ordinary pens, and it also differs from pens for which Letters
Patent were formerly granted to William Brockedon, and others, wherein
the splits were formed in an opposite direction to the split in the present pen.
In the Drawing the split of the pen is shown to be straight, but, if preferred,
the split may follow a curved direction, the nibs being varied accordingly.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Laverty, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JAMES LAVERTY. (L.B.)