IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Baird Handyside, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR
"
Scaled the 28th January 1876, and dated the 6th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James' Baird Handyside
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th November 1875.
I, JAMES. BAIRD HANDYSIDE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
5 North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR GRINDING
OR FINISHING METALLIC SURFACES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to the grinding or finishing of metallic
"surfaces, is supplementary to one for which the present applicant has
O already obtained Letters Patent, dated the 7th May 1875 (No. 1702), and
the improved apparatus is designed more especially for the application
of wheels of consolidated emery, althougli in some cases grinding wheels
of other materials may be used in it..

page_text: One improved arrangement which is to serve as a general tool grinder
comprises a hollow cast-iron pedestal, the upper part of which is formed
into a tank to contain water, and to receive the water and dust from the
wheel. The grinding wheel is fixed on a horizontal shaft mounted in
bearings on the top of the pedestal, and is covered by a hood, except at
and near the part where the tool is applied to be ground, a deflector
being applied near the top of the hood to throw back water carried
round by the wheel. The wheel shaft is driven by a belt from a large
pulley on a first motion shaft placed across the back of the lower part
of the pedestal. At one end of the wheel shaft a small centrifugal
pump is fitted to be worked by the shaft, and drawing water by a pipe
from the tank delivers it by a flexible tube to a bent pipe having a part
made with perforations or slits crossing in front of the edge of the
wheel. The bent water pipe can be adjusted in position, so as to direct
the water in the best possible way upon the article being ground.
A second improved arrangement is designed for grinding the grooves
of screw taps and for similar work, and in it a horizontal first motion
shaft has fixed on it a disc frictionally driving a paper pulley on a
transverse shaft, having an emery wheel on its overhanging end. The
screw tap is held beneath the emery wheel in a pair of headstocks
adjustable vertically by screws, and mounted on a slide movable on a
horizontal bed frame by hand gear or self-acting feed gear. One of the
headstocks is provided with a chuck, which can be turned into and
locked by a catch lever in the several positions corresponding to the
tap grooves.
A third improved arrangement is designed for removing the rough
edges at the ends of steel railway rails, and for similar work. The shaft
of the emery wheel is horizontal, and carried on a horizontal frame
fitted with handles to be moved about by hand, the frame being jointed
to the lower end of a pendulous vertical frame carried in overhead
trunnion bearings. The pulley on the wheel shaft is in the axis of the
joint of the horizontal frame, and the belt which drives it passes up to a
pulley on a shaft at the top of the pendulous frame. With these
arrangements the workman can easily manipulate the hand frame, so as
to make the grinding wheel operate wherever required on the rail end,
the rails being placed in succession within range of the wheel without
any great accuracy of position being required.

page_text: A fourth improved arrangement is designed for grinding small cutters
used in some machine tools, and which cutters require great accuracy
as regards the angle and flatness of particular surfaces. The grinding
wheel is carried on a horizontal shaft, which is made to reciprocate on
end by a slowly revolving crank pin or by a hand lever, whilst the
cutter is moved vertically by means of a hand lever acting on a slide
fitted to work in vertical guides, and the combination of the two move-
ments gives the required flat surface. Small holding blocks are provided
for the various cutters, each being formed with a cavity suitable for
holding its cutter in the appropriate position. The holding block is
itself held by a screw in a piece jointed to the vertically moving slide
so as to be capable of angular adjustment about a horizontal axis, whilst
the vertical guides are on a piece fitted so as to be angularly adjustable
about a vertical axis, and by these means any desired inclination can be
given to the cutter.
A fifth improved arrangement is designed for grinding the sides of
the teeth of wheel gearing, for which purpose the edge of the emery
wheel is shaped to fit the space between two teeth, and is mounted in a
frame, to which a slow reciprocating traverse motion is imparted to
carry the emery wheel across the breadth of the toothed wheel. The
toothed wheel is mounted so as to be turnable on a fixed stud, and there
are fitted in connection with it two catches, which are set in adjustable
holders, so that they can be adapted to wheels of different sizes. One
of the catches is movable to the extent of a tooth of the wheel, and its
holder is acted on by inclines fixed to the moving frame which carries
the emery wheel, so as to cause the toothed wheel to be moved at each
traverse; the other catch acts simply as a holding catch.
A sixth improved arrangement is a simple portable tool for grinding a
conical point, such as that of a lathe centre, and comprises a standard,
which can be fixed on the lathe bed, and which carries a horizontal
tubular shaft having on it a frictional driving cone. On a shaft passing
through the tubular shaft there is fixed an inclined bearing carrying a
spindle, which has the emery wheel fixed at one end, and at the other a
small friction cone to be acted on by the driving cone. The central
spindle is turned by means of a hand wheel, and carries the emery
wheel round about the lathe centre, whilst a cord from the hand wheel
drives a small pulley on a separate stud or shaft, and a large pulley

page_text: fixed to the small one carries a cord, which acts on the tubular shaft, so
as to impart the necessary speed through the frictional cones to the
emery wheel.
A
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Baird Handyside in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BAIRD HANDYSIDE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and.suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Baird Handyside, Her
special licence, that I, the said James Baird Handyside, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Baird
Handyside, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR
GRINDING OR FINISHING METALLIC SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Baird Handyside, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Baird Handyside, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained

page_text: in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to
the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
My said Invention, which relates to the grinding or finishing of
metallic surfaces, is supplementary to one for which I have already
obtained Letters Patent, dated 7 May, 1875 (No. 1702), and my
improved apparatus is designed more especially for the application of
wheels of consolidated emery, although in some cases grinding wheels
of other materials may be used in it.
My present Invention comprises a general tool grinding arrangement,
a second for grinding screw taps, a third for removing the rough end
edges of steel rails, a fourth specially adapted for grinding certain small
tool cutters, and a fifth for grinding the teeth of wheels.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append five Sheets of
explanatory Drawings to be hercin-after referred to, and representing
various machine tools. In these Drawings the same reference letters
and numerals are used to mark the same or corresponding parts wherever
they are repeated.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings are side
and front elevations of the general or
"universal" tool grinding
machine, which comprises a hollow cast-iron pedestal P, the upper part
1 of it being formed into a tank to contain water and to receive the
water and dust from the wheel. The emery grinding wheel E is fixed
on a horizontal shaft 2 mounted in bearings 3 on the pedestal P, and is
covered by a hood 4, except at and near the part where the tool is
applied to be ground. A deflector 5, which can be adjusted through a
slot in the hood and be fixed by a screw, is provided for throwing back
water carried round by the wheel. The wheel shaft 2 has on it a pulley
6 driven by a belt from a large pulley 7 on a first motion shaft 8 placed
across the back of the lower part of the pedestal P, and carrying the
usual fast and loose pulleys 9, the belt shifting lever 10, for which is
centered on a bracket 11 fixed to the pedestal. The wheel shaft 2 has
also fast on it a pulley 12, a cord from which drives the spindle 13 of a
small centrifugal pump 14 fixed on the top of the hood 4; and this
pump, drawing water from the tank 1 by a pipe 15, delivers it by a
flexible tube 16 to a bent pipe 17, having a part made with perforations
.or slits crossing in front of the emery wheel E. The bent water pipe 17

page_text: is passed through swivelling studs 18, and can be adjusted in position so
as to direct the water in the best possible way upon the article being
ground. Immediately beneath the rest 19 for the tool the top of the
tank 1 is curved outwards to receive and lead the dust and water down
into the tank, and a shelf or table 20 is provided on which tools or other
articles may be laid.
My second improved arrangement shown in front and end elevation
in Figures 3 and 4 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings is designed
for grinding the grooves of a screw tap T, and for similar work. The
parts are carried by a horizontal frame 21 carried on three standards 22;
and comprise a horizontal first motion shaft 8 carrying fast and loose
pulleys 9 for a driving belt, and having fast on it a disc 23 frictionally
driving a paper pulley (not seen in the Figures) on a transverse
horizontal shaft 2 having an emery wheel E on its overhanging end and
under cover of a stationary hood 4, which prevents the dust from being
thrown off. The screw tap T is held beneath the emery wheel E by a
pair of headstocks 24, 25, adjustable vertically by screws 26, and
mounted on a slide 27, which is movable on V guides on the horizontal
frame 21 by hand gear, or it might be by self-acting feed gear. The
feed gear shown comprises a hand wheel 28 on a shaft, having fast on it
a pinion in gear with a spur wheel 29 on a second shaft, and a pinion on
the second shaft gears with a spur wheel 30 which is on a stud, and is
in gear with a rack on the under side of the slide 27. One 25 of the
headstocks is provided with a chuck 31, having at the outer end of its
spindle a notched disc 32, by means of which and a lever 33 it can be
locked in each of the several positions corresponding to the tap grooves.
A cistern 34 is provided for supplying water or other liquid by a jointed
tube 35 to the screw tap T.
My third improved arrangement, which is shown on Sheet 3 of the
accompanying Drawings, is designed for removing the rough edges at
the ends of steel railway rails, and for similar work. Figure 5 is a side
elevation; Figure 6 is a sectional end elevation; and Figure 7 is a
horizontal section. The shaft 2 of the emery wheel E is horizontal, and
carried on a horizontal frame 36 fitted with handles 37 to be moved
about by hand, the frame 36 being jointed to the lower end of a
pendulous vertical frame 38. This vertical frame 38 consists of two
bars connected by diagonal ties, and having their upper ends formed
into eyes to be placed on a horizontal shaft 8 carried by overhead

page_text: brackets 39. The pulley 6 on the wheel shaft 2 is in the axis of the
joint connecting the horizontal frame 36 to the vertical frame 38, and
the belt which drives it passes up to a pulley 7 on the shaft 8 on which
the vertical frame is hung, this shaft 8 being the first motion shaft, and
having fast and loose pulleys 9 on it for a driving belt. The wheel
shaft 2, necessarily extending from the centre of the horizontal frame in
one direction, is counterbalanced with the parts connected with it by a
weight 79 fixed on the other end of the frame 36. The horizontal
frame 36 has fixed to it vertical side pieces 40, which extend downwards
for being jointed in the proper positions to side pieces 41 fixed to the
bottom ends of the vertical frame 38, and the side pieces 40 of the
horizontal frame 36 also extend upwards to serve as struts for inclined
stays 42 for stiffening the frame. With these arrangements the workman
can easily manipulate the horizontal frame 36, so as to make the
grinding wheel E operate wherever required on the rail end R, the rails
being placed in succession within range of the wheel without any great
accuracy of position being required.
-
My fourth improved arrangement, which is shown on Sheet 4 of the
accompanying Drawings, is designed for grinding small cutters C used
in some machine tools, and which cutters require great accuracy as
regards the angle and flatness of particular surfaces. The grinding
wheel E is upon a horizontal shaft 2 carried on a slide 43, which is made
to reciprocate in the direction of the shaft 2 by a hand lever 44 (or it
might be by a slowly revolving crank pin). The cutter C is moved
vertically by means of a hand lever 45 acting on a slide 46 fitted to
work in vertical guides 47, and the combination of the vertical move-
ment of the cutter C with the horizontal movement of the wheel E gives
the desired flatness of surface. Small holding blocks, of which one B is
shown in use, are provided for the various cutters, cach being formed
with a cavity or slot suitable for holding its cutter in the appropriate
position. The holding block B is itself held by a screw 48 in a jaw
piece 49, which is jointed to the vertically moving slide 46 so as to
be capable of angular adjustment about a horizontal axis, whilst the
vertical guides 47 are on a piece 50, which is jointed to a supporting
plate 51 so as to be angularly adjustable about a vertical axis. The
plate 51 is also movable by a hand lever 53 on a horizontal angularly
adjustable bar 54, but the arrangement and use of this bar for such a
purpose is not new. The mounting of the emery wheel É on a recipro-
cating slide 43 is also old.

page_text: My nith improved arrangement, which is shown on sheet ɔ of the
accompanying Drawings, is designed for grinding the sides of the teeth
of wheel gearing, for which purpose the edge of the emery wheel E is
shaped to fit the space between two teeth.
Figures 10 and 11 are elevations as at right angles to each other, and
Figure 12 is a plan showing the details for turning the toothed wheel W
round tooth by tooth.
I proposed to give the emery wheel E a reciprocating movement for
crossing the breadth of the teeth of the wheel W, but have found it
better to give an equivalent movement to the latter.
The emery
wheel E is upon a shaft 2 carried in stationary bearings on the framing.
The toothed wheel W is set on a stud 55 in the upper end of a vertical
sliding piece 56 formed with a horizontal bottom bar 57, which rests on
an eccentric 58 on a slowly turning horizontal shaft 59, and a slow
vertical reciprocating movement is thus imparted to the wheel W. The
piece 56 carrying the wheel W is held in vertical guides in a bracket
formed on or attached to a horizontal plate 60, which is adjustable
horizontally by a screw spindle 61 to set the toothed wheel W nearer to
or further from the emery wheel E. In its vertical movement the
piece 56 carries the wheel W sufficiently clear of the emery wheel for it
to be turned to the extent of a tooth at each upward or downward
movement, or at both. In the socket of an arm 62 formed on the
piece 56 there is adjustably fixed a bar 63 carrying an adjustable
block 64, having working through a socket in it a rod 65, to which a
pawl 66 is jointed. The vertical movement brings the end of the pawl
rod 65 in contact with an inclined piece 67 adjustably held by a bar 68
carried by a bracket 69 formed on the plate 60, and the wheel W is
thereby turned. A spring 70 moves back the pawl rod 65 after each
stroke, and an adjustable spring pawl 71 holds the wheel W steadily
between the shifts. The details for turning the wheel W are arranged
as described, so as to be easily set for any size of wheel within the limits
for which the machine is constructed, and, excepting as combined with
them, I do not claim the other parts of the machine.
With reference to an arrangement described as the sixth in my
Provisional Specification relative hereto, I have to state that I do not
now make any claim respecting it.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner

page_text: of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to
the precise details herein described or delineated; but that what I
believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arranging
and combining together of the parts, substantially as and for the pur-
poses set forth, in the case of each of the five arrangements of machine
tools or apparatus for grinding or finishing metallic surfaces by means
of emery wheels, herein described and delineated.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Baird Handyside, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.