A NEW GAS BURNER
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hypolite Monier, from Marseilles, in the Empire of
France, and from 2, Francis Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A NEW GAS BURNER."
Sealed the 4th February 1859, and dated the 2nd October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hypolite Monier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1858.
I, HYPOLITE MONIER, from Marseilles, in the Empire of France, and from
2, Francis Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW GAS BURNER,"
to be as follows:--
The grate (Fig. 1) is of plastic clay, no other material could attain to such
a regularity in the boring; it is bored very easily, and may be changed if
necessary with an equal facility. Adjusted to the china tube and to the fork
of the burner (Fig. 4) it tends to prevent the communication of the heat in
the apparatus. Up to this time the tube (Fig. 5) has always been made of
one material, being metal, china, or other, the external and inner tubes of the
burner have never been made of various materials.
The use of several materials and the recomposition of these several parts in
one whole is then a new idea, an Invention for which I claim any priority and
privilege. By applying crystal, or glass, or any other vitrifiable and transparent
material, I dispense with the various accessaries of metal or other opaque
materials with which the other apparatuses are generally provided. I made

page_text: The Fig. 1 represents a kind of funnel having a large ledge bored with
small holes such as they are in ordinary gas burners, I call it grate, it is made
of plastic clay, or china, or any other similar material. Its functions consist in
the distributing of the gas for the combustion. The Fig. 2 is a tube of china
disposed to receive the grate at its upper orifice. The Fig. 3 represents the
combination of the tube (Fig. 2) as of the grate (Fig. 1) connected by means
of a mastic; the grate is introduced in the tube by its conical end a, and is
stopped by its ledge upon the edge of the tube disposed to admit it. The Fig. 4
is much like the ordinary copper burner without external tube, with this
difference however, that it is a little longer, that it has at its bottom a furrow b
surmounted with an edge c; & lastly that it is enamelled or coloured as the
china tube. The Fig. 5 is the combination of the Fig. 4, & 3. The Fig. 6 is
made of crystal or any vitrifiable material, it is bored and grooved in its whole
length, the basis of this Figure is provided with facets. Above this basis are
placed open worked porticos, above these porticos is a cone crowned with a
cap surmounted by a ring of pearls in relievo; I name the figure portico's
basket. The Fig. 7 represents the section of the Fig. 6, in A, B, horizontal sec-
tion made in the middle of the porticos. The Fig. 8 is the combination of the
portico's basket with the burner Fig. 5; the burner is introduced by the top
of the basket. The furrow of the burner gets beyond the inferior orifice of
the basket. The burner is maintained in this position by the edge c of the

page_text: above described.
Fig. 4, which edge is wider than the inferior orifice of the basket. The
Fig. 9 is a screw disk destined to stop the basket, and the burner in the
required position. The Fig. 10 is the chimney of ordinary burner, with this
exception, that it is conical and a little more stifled at the top. The Fig. 11
represents the whole apparatus, being the combination of all the parts here-
The chimney rests on the top of the porticos, and is
maintained in proper position, first, by the small pyramids being above every
portico and next by the cap or pearls crown, which terminates the basket.
The circular doted lines represent the globe which rests on the basis with
facets of the basket. The so completed apparatus is ready for work, the
air coming down by the upper aperture of the globe, which for this purpose
is not entirely filled by the chimney, follows three currents, 1st, it reascends
between the chimney and the portico basket; 2dly, the air having entered
through the porticoes ascends by the empty space between the cone of the
basket and the gas burner; 3dly, another portion of the air reascends by the
inner cavity of the burner, as in the Argand system. This three-fold dis-
tribution of the air possesses an advantage which contributes to make the
flame whiter, the air having descended in the globe is heated there, facilitates
the combustion and makes a notable economy of gas. The Fig. 12 is nothing
else than a cap destined to preserve the apparatus from dust while it is not
used. The cap rests on the chimney and touches the globe.
I can modify the form of the apparatus in the following manners:-The
Fig. 13 is a glass basket in the form of a cul de lampe at its bottom, and of a
cone at its top, it is grooved and pierced with small round holes with clefts to
allow the introduction of the air. These holes are bored in two projectures
made on purpose to more easily effectuate the boring in the vitrifiable materials.
The upper projecture being near the cone is much more sallying, it supports
the chimney of the burner and the globe as seen in the Fig. 16. The basket
is also surrounded with pyramids at its conical part as in the portico's basket,
Fig. 6. Connected with the burner it also receives a three-fold current of air
and may very well work without globe. At the top of the cone of this basket
is a projecting edge, upon which is adjusted a sprangles ferrule, Fig. 14. The
Fig. 14 is a sprangles ferrule of metal; this piece is intended to act as a spring
between the tube of the burner and the tube of the basket for maintaining the
burner in the middle of the cone of the basket. It moreover serves to maintain
by means of sprangles, overflowing externally on the edge of the basket, the
chimney in its proper vertical position. The Fig. 15 is the combination of the
basket with the said sprangles ferrule. The Fig. 16 represents the con-
bination of the Figures 5 & 15, provided with chimney and globe, the whole is

page_text: represented working; this form differs from the apparatus, Fig. 11, in this
point, that the conical basket receives the current of air by some openings
made to the bottom of the basket under the globe, whilst the other apparatus,
Fig. 11, admits the current through the empty space being at the upper
aperture of the globe.
I will suggest another modification. The Fig. 17 is a basket without any
cone, and made of the same vitrifiable materials. The basket is surmounted
It differs from them only
with a gallery such as in the ordinary systems.
because it is made of a transparent material which is not used in the com-
position of the ordinary and already know system.
All the Figures of the annexed Drawings are represented in full size, except
the globe, which is subject to variations as in the other systems.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the
same is performed, I would have it understood that I do not intend to confine
myself to the precise forms represented and described, but what I claim is the
application of vitrifiable and transparent materials for making gas burners, the
different parts of the burner being made of various materials which are
recomposed, combined, and consolidated in one body.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Hypolite Monier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th March 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HYPOLITE
MONIER, from Marseilles, in the Empire of France, and from 2, Francis
Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Hypolite Monier, Her special licence that I, the said Hypolite Monier,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Hypolite
Monier, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW GAS BURNER," upon the

page_text: condition (amongst others) that I, the said Hypolite Monier, my executors, or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hypolite Monier, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the annexed Drawings and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
My Invention consists,――
First, in using vitrifiable transparent materials for manufacturing gas and
other burners.
Second, in the new forms and arrangements of the said burners, as shown
in the annexed Drawings. Similar letters of reference represent the like part
in the different Figures.
Fig. 1 represents a funnel-like conical piece a, with wide flanges and small
holes, as in common burners, which piece is denominated "the grate," being
made of plastic porcelain, or other clay or substance, and designed for dividing
the combustion gas.
Fig. 2 represents a porcelain or other material tube, so arranged as to
admit the said grate at its upper end.
Fig. 3 represents the tube b, Fig. 2, and the grate a, Fig. 1, connected to
each other by a mastic, the grate a being introduced by its bevelled end into
the tube b, and supported by its bevelled upper end on the rims of tube b,
made to admit it.
Fig. 4 represents a common brass burner, or nearly the like, the external
tube being taken off, with that difference, however, that said burner is a
little longer, being provided at its lower end with a screw tread c, capped
over with a collar d, and that it is enamelled or coated over with a paint
similar to that of the porcelain tube b.
Figure 5 represents the burner of Fig. 4, capped over with the apparatus,
Fig. 3, and showing the various parts a, b, c, d.
Figure 6 represents one part of the burner, which may be of glass or other
vitrifiable substances, bored and hollowed through its whole length. The basis
is cut with facets, and over it are worked little openings f, f, above which is a
cone g, topped with a cap h, encircled over with a chaplet of beads, which
latter is not indispensable, but can be substituted by another piece described

page_text: at Fig. 4, as applied to a burner of another form, shown at Fig. 16. On the
external surface, at the basis of said cone, & above each opening or portico f
is embossed a small pyramid j. The contrivance, as represented at Fig. 6,
we call "portico-pannier," (panier à portiques.)
Fig. 7 represents a sectional plan of the portico-pannier taken through A, B,
or the centre of the openings or porticos.
Fig. 8 shows the connecting of the portico-pannier enclosing the burner
represented at Fig. 5. Said burner is introduced through the top of the
pannier. As may be seen the screw tread of the burner outgoes the lower end
or orifice of the pannier.
Fig. 9 shows a ring k, intended to secure the pannier & burner in the
desired position, Fig. 8.
Fig. 10, shows the gullet 7, of common burners, but partly conical, &
consequently a little more stifted towards the top.
Fig. 11 shows the whole of my apparatus, comprising all its parts before
mentioned, the globe shade m alone being excepted. The gullet or chimney 1,
rests on the tops of the porticos f, being supported there vertically first by
small pyramids j set over each portico, and then by the cap h, or beaded
crown i ending the pannier. The pointed lines represent the globe shade m,
resting on the basis, which forms the upper part of the facets. The apparatus
thus completed is now ready to work. The air coming down through the upper
opening n, between the globe m, and the gullet or chimney 1, is divided in
three currents; a first part flies between the gullet or chimney 1, and the
external part of the portico pannier, a second part getting into the porticos f,
reascends through the void space between the internal cone of the pannier and
the gas burner; a third part flies up again through the inner cavity of the
burner, as in the system Argand; such triple distribution of the air, con-
tributing to whiten the flame, and dispense with an excess of air necessary to
any other system of burners.
Fig. 12 only represents a cap o, intended to keep off the dust from, the
apparatus while at rest, which said cap is placed over the gullet or chimney 1,
close to the globe m.
Another form of the apparatus.-Fig. 13, represents a glass pannier p, the
lower part of which is terminated by a tail piece r, and the upper part by a
cone, which said pannier is bevelled, having holes and slots for the air to be let
.in. These holes are made on two projections purposely contrived, in order to
facilitate the boring of vitrifiable substances. The upper projection close to
the cone is far more salient, as thereon are supported the chimney 1, of the
burner, and the globe m, as shown at Fig. 16. The pannier is also encircled

page_text: with small pyramids j, at the basis of its bevelled part. Like the portico
pannier (Fig. 6,) which encloses the burner, it will form an apparatus, the
burner of which admits three currents, and can work efficiently without any
globe; towards the top of the cone, there is a projecting flange 8, upon which
is hooked the metal ferrule t, Fig 14.
Fig. 14, represents the said ferrule, which is intended to act as a spring
between the tube 6, of the burner and the pannier, in order to keep the
burner in the centre of the cone; it serves also to keep, by means of certain
appendage, dropping externally on the cone, the chimney or gullet in the
vertical position required.
Fig. 15 represents the whole of the pannier, provided with said ferrule t,
and appendage.
Fig. 16, shows the apparatus at work, and composed of Figs. 5 & 15,
provided besides, with the chimney or gullet 1, and the globe m; this form
differs from that represented Fig. 11, by the pannier admitting the air through
the holes made down between the globe, whilst in the apparatus, Fig. 11, the
air is admitted through the void space left into the upper aperture of the
globe.
Third Form. Fig. 17 represents a pannier without a cone, made of the
same vitrifiable substances. Round the upper part of this pannier is a
gallery u not different from that of the known systems, save the transparent
substance, which enters not in the composition of the known systems of
burners.
Fig. 18 is another modification to the globe. This new form rasts better
upon the portico pannier, compelling the air which feeds the burner to pass
towards the top, and to be heated by its contact with the chimney. As my
burners never get hot, the piece d may be made of lead, zinc, or any fusible
metal, which will still prove a saving, copper being generally used for this
purpose.
The grate Fig. 1 is of burnt plastic clay; no other material can be made
liable to receive such a perfect regular boring; it is easily pinned up and
shifted. When adjusted to the porcelain tube b and to the fork of the burner,
it prevents the heat form penetrating into the apparatus. Heretofore, the
apparatus shown Fig. 5 was made of a single material, either metal or
porcelain, &c., the two tubes of either the external and internal part of the
burner having never before been fractioned and made of different substances,
such fractioning and recomposing of the various parts and various substances
into a same whole are therefore a new application and Invention, which I claim.
By means of the pieces above described, either glass or any vitrifiable

page_text: transparent materials, I replace the various appendage of metal or any
opaque substances with which all other apparatus are generally provided. I
suppress in the Argand burner, the so-said air-sifting pannier, made always of
opaque material; I suppress likewise the cone, the gallery or chimney support
and the globe stand, which pieces were ever made of some metal. Instead of
those opaque substances, I make use of vitrifiable transparent ones; though I
have mentioned some forms of vitrifiable substances, yet the whole merit of
the apparatus lies in the application of the said transparent substances and
also in the boring of them, rather than in their form, wherefore, I claim any
other form which might be given to such transparent vitrifiable substances.
I wish to secure likewise the application of the same vitrifiable materials to
moderateur, carcel, &c., lamps, taking out or suppressing as I use to do, on
the burners, the galleries, the globe, and chimney supports; that is to say, the
apparatus as represented Fig. 6, shall be modified at need to serve as substitute
for the gallery, the globe-stand, the chimney-support of the lamps aforesaid,
these pieces having been heretofore made of metal; the same substitution
shall be also applicable to any lamp fed with any combustible substance.
Vitrifiable transparent materials are not blackened by use; they yield no
shade, and are never oxydized, but their transparency and diaphaneity are
increased by the light.
By means of the aforesaid division of the currents, the flame keeps still and
ever the same, which advantages are much desirable for the preservation of
the sight. Moreover, there will be an undisputable saving of gas, were it only
for the absence of all shade.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hypolite Monier, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 17th day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
HYPTE. MONIER. (L.S.)