CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ANILDA TURE OR CARDRAG TVT
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Fawcett and Francis Best Fawcett,
of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manu-
facturers, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
ANILDA TURE OR CARDRAG
TVT
"
ealed the 29th July 1853, and dated the 18th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Fawcett
and Francis Best Fawcett at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th April 1853.
We, WILLIAM FAWCETT and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, of Kidder-
minster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS" to be as follows (that is to say):
Our improvements consist in producing the ordinary patterns or
shadings in carpeting with a saving of half the quantity of worsted, by
employing the same thread of worsted to make two shades of color;
that is to say, we employ the said thread in a looped pile for the light
shade, and in a cut pile for the dark shade. And whereas the old im-
perial carpet combined the the looped and cut pile in one fabric, but so
that the looped pile was confined to the ground of the pattern, and the

page_text: cut pile to the other parts thereof, so that the ground thread in this carpet
was not cut, nor the other parts looped; and likewise the Florentine
carpet combined the looped and cut pile in one fabric, but only by em-
ploying them on alternate wires, so that the threads on one wire were
all looped, and the threads on the succeeding wire all cut, and were not
used to shade the different parts of the pattern, nor to make a saving
of the worsted, as in our present Improvements. We therefore wish
it to be clearly understood that we do not claim generally the combina-
tion of the cut and looped piles in the same fabric; but that which we
do claim as new and of our said Invention is, firstly, the employing the
same thread of worsted or woollen to produce a dark and light shade in
the pattern by cutting or looping the pile upon the same thread con-
formably; secondly, the employment of a three shute tie in conjunction
with the improvements described under our first claim; thirdly, in con-
junction with the above improvements, or any of them, the binding of
the cut and looped wires in one stitch, according to the method patented
by William Fawcett, one of the parties to the present Petition, the
Second day of February, in the year of our Lord 1852, which Patent
is now the property of us, the said William Fawcett and Francis Best
Fawcett, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, being the
inventors and proprietors of the present Improvements.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Fawcett and Francis Best Fawcett, in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 6th October 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
WILLIAM FAWCETT and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, both of Kidderminster,
in the County of Worcester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said William Fawcett and Francis

page_text: Best Fawcett, Her special licence that we, the said William Fawcett
and Francis Best Fawcett, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said William Fawcett and Francis Best
Fawcett, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARPETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
William Fawcett and Francis Best Fawcett, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Fawcett & Francis Best
Fawcett, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:
Our said Invention, which has reference to certain improvements in
the ordinary cut and looped fabrics, known by the names of Florentine
and Imperial carpets, has for its object the saving or dispensing with
half the number of worsted or woollen threads used in forming the back
of such carpets in the ordinary processes, whereby the manufacturer
may be enabled to produce patterns more elaborate and beautiful, and
comprising a greater variety of colors or shades of colors at a little
above half the present cost of the manufacture of the said carpets. And
the manner in which we effect the said improvements is by producing
two shades of color with the same threads of worsted or woollen, by
employing the said threads in a looped pile for a light shade, and in a
cut pile for the dark shade; the simple cutting of the pile producing a
sufficient difference of shade to be appreciable in the pattern.
And in order that the peculiarity of this our mode of manufacturing
may be more clearly appreciated, it may here be advisable to remark:

page_text: that the old imperial carpet combined the looped and cut pile in one
fabric, but so that the loop was confined to the ground and the cut to
the figure or other part of the pattern, or vice versa, the same thread not
being both looped and cut in the same fabric, as in our improvements.
The old Florentine carpet also combined the looped and cut pile in the
same fabric, but so that the threads forming them came on each and
every alternate wire, that is, the threads on one wire were all looped,
and those on the succeeding wire all cut, and not used to shade the
different parts of the pattern, or to effect a saving of the worsted, as in
our Invention. In carrying out our improvements we take an ordinary
Brussels carpet loom, as now used, and divide the ordinary lash into
two parts, the one part for the cut or dark shade, the other part for the
terry or loop for the light shade; we then cause the first part, or that
intended for the dark shade, to be drawn up in the ordinary manner,
and the cut or grooved wire inserted, and afterwards the other part to
be drawn up, and the terry or flat wire to be put in, and both wires to
be bound as one wire with three shutes, as the ordinary three shute tie.
The lash is divided by either stamping a card for each shade, that is,
two cards instead of one card, as now used, if worked in a Jacquard
loom, or putting in two lashes instead of one in a draught loom. The
number of cut or grooved wires may be limited to three; the one next
tlie weaver having to be cut out by rotation. The number of terry wires
may be extended, as at present, to from forty to sixty; but they should
be flat, with large bows, similar to those used in tapestry carpeting.
Both terry and cut wires may be of the same size, and about No. 15 in
thickness, and Nos. 12 or 13 in height. The improved fabric can be
woven in all the ordinary Brussels looms, but, as the cut part should
not be pressed, a spike roller is required to be substituted for the
ordinary roller.
Having now fully described the nature of these our said Improve-
ments, and the manner in which they are to be performed, we would
have it clearly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
precise details herein-before described, as the same might be varied
without departing from the general principles of these our said im-
provements; nor, on the other hand, do we claim generally in the

page_text: manufacture of carpets the combination of the cut and looped pile in
one and the same fabric, inasmuch as the said combination has been
previously employed in the old Florentine and Imperial carpets, as
above set forth; but that which we do claim as new, and of our said
Invention, is using the same thread of worsted or woollen to produce
a dark and a light shade in the pattern by suitably cutting or looping
the pile in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Fawcett and Francis
Best Fawcett, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third
day of October, in the year of our Lord 1853.
WILLIAM FAWCETT.
(L.S.)
FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT. (L.S.)