Improvements in Binders for Holding Leaves and Sheets of Paper.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 3rd Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 9th Dec.,
1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Binders for Holding Leaves and Sheets of Paper.
I, RICHARD RADLEY VERNON, of No. 65 Columbia Heights Brooklyn, in the
State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to temporary binders such as are adapted to receive
removable, loose, or bound sheets or leaves of paper, especially for use in letter,
way bill and other press copying books, note and other books of various kinds, etc.,
and I employ one or more tubes or rods adapted to be placed within the fold of the
leaves or sheets at the back, and a frame with end pieces adapted to hold the said
rods or tubes and to pass at each side of the fold of the leaves or sheets and outside
the same, and to be connected to or engage the cover.
The rod or tube adapted to be placed within the fold of the leaves or sheets, I
make readily and quickly movable, and for that purpose one end is connected to one
end piece and the other end of said rod or tube is adapted to pass through and
engage the other end piece, so that the said rod or tube may be securely held in the
respective end pieces or easily movable in relation thereto.
These end pieces may cacli be securely held to the frame or removable therefrom,
and the end pieces may consist of links or spring wire and be flexible so as to
accommodate slight variations in the thickness of the collected leaves or sheets, or
the squeezing pressure to which the same are subjected when placed in a letter
copying press, and the tubes or rods of the frame I prefer to connect upon the
inner edges of the covers by bands of metal or strips of cloth, or both, secured
directly to the cover, or said tubes or rods may pass outside of and confine the
flexible back of the covers.
In one form of binder the end pieces that connect the frame or outer bars at the
ends are formed, as single links, and in other instances they are formed as double
links, the centre rod or tube forming the connection between the double links, and
for the convenience of removal the centre rod is sometimes provided with a screw
thread at one end and a head at the other end passing into a notch in one of the end
pieces, or else the centre rod or tube is made with an eye at one end connected with
one of the end pieces and a hook at the other end passing into the hole or loop of
the other end piece, and in cases where the sheets of paper are sewed together at
the back, a strip or loop of flexible material may be sewed to the sheets so that the
centre tube or rod instead of passing within the fold of the sheets may pass
outside the fold of the sheets and through the loop of material sewed to such
sheets.
The covers of the book or binder may be of any desired character and con-
nected to the outer rods or frame of the binder, and such back may be open, or

page_text: there may be a backing of leather or other suitable material extending from one
cover to the other..
Dated this 3rd day of October 1893.
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Binders for Holding Leaves and Sheets of Paper.
I, RICHARD RADLEY VERNON, residing at No. 65 Columbia Heights, in the
City of Brooklyn, County of Kings and State of New York, United States of
America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to temporary binders such as are adapted to receive
removable, loose or bound sheets or leaves of paper, especially for use in letter,
way-bill and other press copying books, note and other books of various kinds, etc.,
and I employ one or more tubes or rods adapted to be placed within the fold of the
leaves or sheets at the back and a frame with end pieces adapted to hold the said
rods or tubes and to pass at each side of the fold of the leaves or sheets and outside
the same and to be connected to or engage the cover.
The rod or tube adapted to be placed within the fold of the leaves or sheets I
make readily and quickly movable, and for that purpose one end is connected to one
end piece and the other end of said rod or tube is adapted to pass through and
engage the other end piece, so that the said rod or tube may be securely held in the
respective end pieces or easily movable in relation thereto.
These end pieces may each be securely held to the frame or removable therefrom,
and the end pieces may consist of links or spring wire and be flexible so as to
accommodate slight variations in the thickness of the collected leaves or sheets, or
the squeezing pressure to which the same are subjected when placed in a letter
copying press, and the tubes or rods of the frame I prefer to connect upon the inner
edges of the covers by bands of metal or strips of cloth, or both, secured directly
to the cover, or said tubes or rods may pass outside of and confine the flexible back
of the covers.
In one form of hinder the end pieces that connect the frame or outer bars at the
ends are formed as single links, and in other instances they are formed as double
links, the center rod or tube forming the connection between the double links, and
for the convenience of removal the center rod is sometimes provided with a screw
thread at one end and a head at the other end passing into a notch in one of the end
pieces, or else the center rod or tube is made with an eye at one end connected with
one of the end pieces and a hook at the other end passing into the hole or loop
of the other end piece, and in cases where the sheets of paper are sewed together
at the back, a strip or loop of flexible material may be sewed to the sheets so that
the center tube or rod instead of passing within the fold of the sheets may
pass outside the fold of the sheets and through the loop of material sewed to such
sheets.
The covers of the book or binder may be of any desired character and con-
nected to the outer rods or frame of the binder, and such back may be open or
there may be a backing of leather or other suitable material extending from one
cover to the other.
In the drawings,
Figs. 1 and 2 represent fragmental plan views of the top and bottom portions of
the book.

page_text: end piece.
Fig. 3 is a cross section at x, x, of Fig. 1 at one end of the binder.
Fig. 4 is an edge view at one end of the binder shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a fragmental plan view of the top and bottom portions of the book
illustrating a slight modification.
Fig. 6 is an edge view at one end of the binder shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a cross section at x near the other end of the binder, shown in
Fig. 5.
Figs. 8 and 9 are fragmental plan views at the respective ends of the binder
illustrating a modification.
Fig. 10 is an edge view of Fig. 8, and Fig. 11 is a cross section at y, y, of
Fig. 9.
Figs. 12 to 21 inclusive illustrate other modifications of my invention in which
Fig. 12 is a fragmental plan view of the top and bottom portions of the book
back. Figs. 13 and 14 are edge views at the respective ends or top and bottom
portions of the book. Figs. 15 and 16 are side elevations of the respective end
frames and ends of the rod or tube that passes within the fold of the sheets or
leaves. Fig. 17 is a fragmental rear view of the top and bottom portions of a
book back illustrating a modification. Fig. 18 is an edge view at one end of the
covers and end frames. Fig. 19 is a cross section of the covers, end frames and
sheets or leaves, and Figs. 20 and 21 are side elevations of the respective end
frames and rod.
My improved binder is composed of three parallel tubes or rods and devices for
connecting them together at their respective ends so that they are adapted to
receive the fold of the sheets or leaves between them.
The tube or rod A is adapted to pass over the leaves B within the fold and to be
connected with the end links. The leaves B are placed upon the open covers C
and the tube or rod A is placed in the middle within the folds of said leaves or
sheets and centrally opposite the back D of the covers.
The tube or rod A is to be of a length greater than the width of the
The frame
leaves or sheets and of approximately the length of the cover.
with end pieces is composed of the tubes or rods 9 gland link end pieces h h¹.
This frame is adapted to hold the rod or tube A and to pass at each side of
the fold of the leaves or sheets and outside the same in securing the leaves or
sheets in place, and when a permanent cover is used the rods g g' are connected to
the same.
I have shown metal straps forming hinge pieces c c₁ for securing the rods or
tubes g g¹ to the cover. These straps ce¹ pass around the rods or tubes g g' and
preferably receive the cover between them and are secured thereto by rivets, and the
cloth d or other material employed as a surface to the said cover also extends over
the tubes or rods 9 g¹ and strap binge pieces cc. The link end pieces h¹ receive
and are pivotally fastened to the respective ends of the rods 9 g, the ends of the
rods being riveted to the links but free to turn therein.
The link end piece h, Fig. 1, has a central hole and the link end piece h' is
centrally notched and recessed or countersunk in the outer face, and the rod A at
one end passes through the hole in the end piece and is turned over to form an
eye 5, and at the other end is screw threaded and provided with a tapering knurled
head A, the longitudinal movement of which on the rod A in one direction brings
the tapering end of the knurled head within the countersink in the end piece h¹ to
clamp the rod in place. The movement of the knurled head in the other direction
frees the end of the rod so that it can be swung out of the notched end piece h¹
and lifted on the eye 5 acting as a hinge joint.
The link end piece 2, Fig. 5, has a central screw threaded hole and the link end
piece is also centrally notched and recessed or countersunk in the outer face,
and the rod A is screw threaded at one end A' with a pointed extremity, and at
the other end is provided with a tapering knurled head A².

page_text: In inserting the rod A to place to secure the leaves or sheets within the
frame the pointed and screw threaded extremity is inserted into the threaded
hole in the link end piece and the rod at the other end is inserted in the notch
in the link end piece h. As the rod is rotated it is screwed to place and the
tapering head A comes within the recessed portion and the rod is clamped and
prevented from coming out of the link end piece until unscrewed. When desired,
one link end piece may have two holes and the other two recessed notches to
receive two rods and two groups of superposed sheets. The sheets or leaves B
can thus be readily bound in the frame and covers C or removed therefrom and
new ones inserted.
The modification shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 provides for various thicknesses
of superposed sheets or leaves B by the pairs of link end pieces ik which form
flat hinges at the respective ends of the rods or tubes g g to which they are
riveted. The link end pieces i are provided with threaded holes for the threaded
end of the rod A and the link end pieces k are adapted to receive the rod A and
may be provided with notches like the link end piece and ³, said notches
coinciding when the links are horizontally in line, and the outer link is preferably
recessed to receive the tapering head A. A rod like that shown in Figs. 1 and 2
may be used with the link end pieces to equal advantage. With this modification
the greater the number of leaves or sheets the more nearly in line will be the links
in the pairs of links forming the end pieces.
In the modification shown in Figs. 12 to 16 inclusive, the tube or rod A is
adapted to pass over the leaves or sheets B within the fold at the back and to be
connected to the end frames. The leaves or sheets B are placed upon the open
covers C, and the tube or rod A is placed in the middle within the folds of said
leaves or sheets and centrally opposite the back D of the covers, and this tube or
rod A is to be of greater length than the width of the leaves or sheets and of
approximately the length of the cover.
The tube or rod A is connected to the end frames. These frames are
adapted to hold the rod or tube A and to pass at each side of and outside the fold
of the leaves or sheets in securing the leaves or sheets in place, and when
a permanent cover C is employed, the tubes g g' for receiving the frames are
connected thereto.
.I have shown in the drawing and prefer to make these tubes g gl with plates c cl
which are secured by rivets 2 to the covers C, the tubes and plates by preference
extending along the entire back edges of the covers, and the cloth d or other
material employed as a surface to the inner face of the said cover extends over the
plates cc up to the said tubes.
The end frames h h¹ are preferably alike and each made of spring steel wire with
a central bend or eye 3 that is somewhat flattened and with parallel legs 4 bent at
right angles to the eye portion 3, and these legs 4 are adapted to enter the tubes g g¹
and to slide or telescope therewith. These legs 4 should fit in said tubes so that
there is sufficient friction to prevent them falling out accidentally, and the said
tubes g g form hinge pieces with the end frames to allow movement and flexibility
to the parts.
The rod or tube A that is adapted to pass within the fold of the sheets or leaves B
at the back is made with an eye e at one end and a hook-shaped bend fat the other
end. The eye e receives or interlocks with the eye 3 of the end frame and is
presumed to be permanently connected therewith, and the eye 3 of the end
frame h' is adapted to receive the hook-shaped bend fin holding the sheets or leaves
within the covers C.
The sheets or leaves can thus be readily held in the frame and covers Cor
removed therefrom and new ones inserted by disconnecting the hook-shaped end
from the eye of the end frame ¹ and swinging it aside and then reconnecting said
parts with the rod or tube A in the center of the fold of the sheets or leaves.
The most convenient and expeditious manner of thus disconnecting the parts is
with the left hand to grasp the end frame and eye e and with the right hand to

page_text: grasp the hook-shaped end f. The eye e and end f are now turned down into
a horizontal position that is parallel with the open leaves of the book and the end f
is then brought central with the opening of the eye of the end frame. The end
frame and rod A are now together given a slight end wise movement which serves
to withdraw the end f from engagement with the end frame h¹ and frees the rod A
so that it can be swung over out of the way and the leaves or sheets removed and
others inserted in their place.
The eye e of the rod A is received slightly within the fold of the sheets or leaves
so that when the book is shut the eye e flatwise is parallel with the book leaves and
cover, and when the book is opened out flat the eyee is vertical, and when the book
is opened from the closed position the eye follows the parallelism of the leaves as
they are successively turned over. In all these conditions it will be seen that the
hook-shaped end f is maintained in engagement with its eye and cannot accidentally
become loose.
In the modification shown in Figs. 17 to 21 inclusive, the construction of the
covers C, back D, end frames with eyes 3 and legs 4, the tubes g.g', the
plates cc and the rod A with eye e and bend f are identically the same as in
Figs. 12 to 16 inclusive, and the folded leaves or sheets B are also the same.
The modification consists in reversing the frames h h¹ so that their eyes 3 point
to the back D and bending the end members 5, connecting the eye with the legs out
of a straight line and also in two pieces of fabric " that are sewn together at the
lines of sewing 10 to form a pocket 9 and fastened along and around the folded
back edge of the leaves or sheets to their stiff paper cover 12. This pocket 9 is to
receive the rod A along the folded back edge of said sheets or leaves at the center,
and the rod A after being passed through said pocket is secured to the eyes 3
of the end frames has heretofore described. The modified construction of end
frames permits the folded back of the leaves to come between the outer frames as
usual, see Fig. 19.
This construction is especially applicable to note and other memorandum books
where the covers and back are adapted to receive and temporarily hold groups of
sheets or leaves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. The combination in a binder, of the tubes or rods and link end pieces
forming a frame adapted to receive the sheets or leaves, and a movable rod or tube
adapted to pass within the fold of the leaves or sheets and to pass through and be
secured to the said link end pieces, substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination in a binder with the covers and back, of rods
permanently connected to the back edges of the covers, link end pieces connecting
the respective end of said rods across the top and bottom of the back, and a
movable rod passing through and secured to such link end pieces and adapted to
receive the folds of the removable sheets, substantially as specified.
Third. The combination in a binder, with the covers and flexible back, of rods
or tubes permanently connected to the back edges of the covers, link end pieces
connecting the respective ends of said rods across the top and bottom of the back,
and a movable tube or rod having an eye 5 at one end and threaded and having a
tapering head at the other end and adapted to pass within the folds of the sheets or
leaves and through said link end pieces, there being a hole in one link and a
countersunk notch in the other link to receive and engage said rod at its respective
ends, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination in a binder with the covers and flexible back, of the
rods g g', the link end pieces connecting the ends of such rods together, the straps
or hinge pieces c c¹ passing around and securing the said rods to the covers, and the
movable rod A adapted to pass within the fold of the removable leaves or sheets

page_text: and to pass through and be secured to the said link end pieces, substantially as set
forth.
Fifth. The combination in a binder, of the end frames and connecting devices
therefor and adapted to receive the sheets or leaves, and a movable rod or tube
adapted to pass within the fold of the leaves or sheets at the back, and having an
eye at one end and a hook-shaped portion at the other end to engage the respective
end frames, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination in a binder with the covers and back, of tubes
permanently connected to the back edges of the covers, end frames made of spring
wire adapted to yield under pressure and having parallel legs adapted to enter and
telescope in the said tubes, and a movable rod or tube adapted to pass within the
fold of the leaves or sheets at the back and having an eye at one end and a
hook-shaped portion at the other end to engage the respective end frames,
substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination in a binder with the covers and back, of tubes
permanently connected to the back edges of the covers, end frames made of spring
wire with eyes or bends capable of yielding under pressure and having parallel legs
adapted to enter and slide or telescope in the said tubes, and a movable rod adapted
to pass within the fold of the leaves or sheets at the back and having an eye at one
end engaged or interlocked with the eye of one end frame and a hook-shaped bend
at the other end to engage the eye of the other end frame, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth."
Eighth. The combination in a binder with the covers and back, of tubes
permanently connected to the back edges of the covers, end frames made of spring
wire with eyes or bends and having parallel legs adapted to enter and slide or
telescope in the said tubes, and a movable rod adapted to engage or be connected
to the leaves or shects at the back and having an eye at one end engaged or
interlocked with the eye of one end frame, and a hook-shaped bend at the other end
to engage the eye of the other end frame, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
Dated thin 7th 1 SAT
1000
Dated this 7th day of November 1898.
ERNEST DE PASS,
Chartered Patent Agent,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.