Improvements in or relating to Type Writing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Type Writing Machines.
A communication from CHARLES SPIRO, of 116th Street, Fifth and Lenox
Avenues, New York, United States of America, Gentleman.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object various improvements in type writing machines
of the class wherein the platen is moved laterally when the "case" is changed
from the lower to the "
upper or vice versa, prominent among these improve-
"
ments being the following viz. :-
"
1. Means for rotating the platen by operating a particular key lever in the key
board of the instrument so that the writing effected, beneath the platen, may be
readily presented to the view of the operator.
2. An arrangement whereby the paper-feed mechanism and the platen can be
removed simultaneously (as a complete portion of the apparatus) from the other
parts of the machine.
3. An arrangement whereby the key-board lock brought into operation when
the end of a line is reached may be released by operating the "shift" key so as to
admit of an unfinished word being finished.
4. The independent construction of the paper carriage and escapement rack, the
former of which is capable of being separated from the latter and removed from
the machine while the latter remains in engagement with the escapement dogs.
5. The ribbon-operating mechanism which is adapted automatically to both
reverse the direction of travel of the ribbon and adjust it laterally so that all
parts of it may be exposed to the action of the types, thereby, as compared with
the ink-ribbons of other type-writing machines, enhancing the life of said ribbon.
Besides the foregoing there are various other improvements embodied in the
machine constructed according to this invention, all of which are hereinafter
particularly described.
In this Specification the words "write" and " "print" and any derivatives
therefrom are used synonymously.
The base or frame supports the platform or table by four standards which in
conjunction with said table, supports all the working parts of the machine. The
base may be provided with the usual rubber feet. The type-operating key levers
are pivotted upon a rod supported in the base and against which they are held by
springs connected at their upper ends to a fixed comb-like plate all in the usual
manner. Near their front ends, the key levers are guided in and have their
upward movement limited by the comb also in the usual manner.
Each key lever is connected by a link with one of the type levers; of these
latter there are half as many as the number of the characters adapted to be printed
in the machine for each type lever carries two types one a "lower case letter
or character and the other an 66
upper case" letter or character. Each type lever
is rigidly secured upon a spindle pivotted in a bracket or hanger; all of the
DO21

page_text: .
brackets are secured as by screws in the form of a circle, on a shelf of the table.
In each of the hangers are pivotted two type levers the spindles of which are in
different but parallel horizontal planes; the spindles in each hanger are also in
.different but intersecting vertical planes, this arrangement being necessary (owing
to the various spindles being arranged at different parts of two circles one above
the other) to enable all the types to strike at the printing point of the platen and
to hang quite free of each other when in their normal positions. The position of
this printing point in relation to the other parts of the machine varies in a direction
transverse to the longitudinal axis of the platen according to the "case" of
characters in use, though the printing takes place always at the same part of the
circumference of the platen, viz.: immediately below its axis of rotation, no
matter which of the " cases is employed.
Each spindle is provided with means for tightening or loosening it in the hanger
in which it takes its bearing independently of the other spindle in the same hanger,
this constituting one of the features of the invention. The two ends of each spindle
are coned one of these ends fitting into a conical hole in one cheek or jaw of the
hanger and the other into a similar hole in a cap or plug screwing into the other
cheek of the hanger. The plug is provided with a conveniently square head by
means of which it may be readily turned for tightening or loosening the spindle.
It will be noticed that, as distinguished from existing methods of tightening the
type lever bearings, the method before described does not draw together or alter
the relative positious of the two cheeks of the hanger consequently the tightening
or loosening of one of the two spindles in each bracket does not affect the other
one therein.
The platen is removably mounted in a frame or paper carriage which at its front
part is provided with grooved rollers for rolling on the adjustable bar hereinafter
called the "shift bar," and at its back part with lugs for receiving the pivot screws
by which it is capable of being connected to or disconnected from a frame. This
frame comprises two eyes or perforated lugs encircling but not in actual contact
with a guide rod the frame being directly supported by the guide rod by means of
the two groove rollers. The guide rod is supported at its ends by lugs projecting
upwards from the table.
The lugs are adapted to engage with projections on the lugs to support the
paper carriage when it is thrown back on its hinge rod into its inoperative
position.
.
The platen is conveniently secured in the frame by means of two overhanging
projections or hooks integral with the frame and two arms pivotted to said frame
and acted on by springs. The arms are provided with recesses for receiving the
platen spindle and with rearward extensions which by abutting upon projections
extending outwards from the frame prevent the arms from pressing against the
spindle and thereby exposing it to unnecessary friction, the platen spindle being
actually supported by the frame the arms serving merely for preventing its moving
laterally in said frame. After depressing the front ends of the arms against the
pressure of the springs the platen spindle can be withdrawn from beneath the hooks
and the platen removed from the machine.
"the
On the platen spindle is mounted a frame comprising two end plates a front rod
of conveniently square shape in transverse section and a back plate or bar all
rigidly connected together and hereinafter for convenience referred to as
platen frame"
except in cases where any individual part thereof is specified. On
the rod is adjustably mounted a paper guide comprising three main parts two of
which are pivotted to the other part which constitutes a slide on the rod. A spring
secured to the part or slide acts on the other parts so as to press the lower end of
the one part towards the platen this end carrying a roller which by the last
described means is caused to bear against the paper on which the printing is
effected. The one part may be provided with a slot through which passes a screw
secured in the other part and on which is threaded a nut. After loosening this
nut the second part may be adjusted to any position in relation to the first part, the

page_text: roller being thereby brought opposite to any desired part of the periphery of the
platen and by tightening the nut the second part may be secured in any position
thus arrived at, and moreover by shifting the slide along the rod the roller may.
be caused to bear upon any desired portion of the paper between the two ends
of the platen. On the platen spindle are rigidly secured a bell and a toothed or
star wheel the former of which, besides serving to indicate when the end of a line
is reached, also serves as in other existing machines to enable the platen to be
rotated by hand, while with the latter engage a pawl and a detent. This pawl is.
pivotted on a lever arm swinging on the platen spindle and acted on by a spring
which tends always to move the free end of the arm downwards.
The pawl is
acted on by another spring which tends always to press it into engagement with..
the star wheel. The forward or free end of the lover arm extends across the free
end of another lever arm secured on the back portion of a bent lever arm which is
pivotted in the frame and whose free end extends downwards in front of the table
in a position convenient to the hand of the operator; this handle serves for the
fulfilment of two functions viz.: 'the moving of the paper carriage back to the
position ready for commencing a new line of printing and simultaneously therewith,
through the lever arms pawl and star wheel to rotate the platen for the spacing
between the lines of printing, each grasping of the lever by the operator to move
the paper carriage towards the right causing the arm to swing upwards and thereby
as before described rotate the platen.
The detent may be in the form of a roller pivotted in the forked end of an arm
pivotted to the platen frame plate; a spring acting on this arm retains the detent
in engagement with the star wheel (so as to prevent any accidental rotation of the
platen) while allowing it (the detent) to yield when the platen is intentionally
rotated for line-spacing or for other reasons.
The forward end of this spring controlled detent arm is provided with a vertical
sleeve or bearing in which is free to rotate a line spacing gauge comprising a stem
and a conveniently hexagonal head (both as a whole, hereinafter referred to as the
line-spacing gauge). This gauge is prevented from leaving the bearing by means
The stem is cut
of a screw the point of which engages with a groove in the stem.
away at one part so as to leave a shoulder. This shoulder is adapted to project
into the path pursued by the pawl-carrying arm when the latter is operated for
rotating the platen and thereby restrict its movement according to the required
space. The stem is cut away also at another side so that when this side is
presented towards the pawl-carrying arm this arm is capable of making its full
stroke. Three faces of the head bear the numbers 1, 2 and 3 which indicate the
face which is to be turned towards the operator when any particular space
between the lines is required, thus, for example, when the lines of printing are
required to have a one-line space between them, the number "1" face of the head,
must be turned towards the operator so that when the pawl carrying arm is
subsequently raised it will abut against the extreme end of the stem which is of
the proper length to arrest the arm when the platen has been turned through a
one-line space.
When a two-line space is required between the lines of printing
the head is turned to bring the number "2" to face the operator, the shoulder
thereby being brought into the path of the pawl-carrying arm so that when said
arm is next raised will be arrested by this shoulder when the platen has rotated.
to the extent of a two-line space. When a three-line space is required between
the lines of printing the head is turned to bring the number "3" to face the
operator, so that the side of the stem will be presented towards the pawl carrying
arm all obstacles being consequently removed from the path of the latter which
when next operated will therefore make its full stroke and turn the platen to the
extent of a three-line space. If desired, provision may be made for the adjustment
of the line spacing within or beyond the limits previously set forth.
.
For preventing the gauge from being accidentally moved from either of its
positions of adjustment I provide in the detent arm a spring-controlled pin or stud
and in the gauge recesses with one of which the stud engages when the gauge is in

page_text: either of its positions of adjustment. By turning the gauge by hand the stud is
forced out of engagement with one of the recesses and engages with another when
said recess is brought opposite to it.
The platen frame plate is provided with a pin or projection which limits the
descent of the pawl carrying arm and also acts on the heel of the pawl when the
arm is in its lowest position, so as to disengage the pawl from the teeth of the wheel
to admit of the platen being turned by hand in either direction.
The platen frame plates have forwardly-extending projections one or each of
which is adapted to rest on a stud adjustably secured in the front part of the frame
when the platen is in its printing position.
At its back part the platen frame is pivotally and detachably connected by two
pins or studs to the front part of an inclined paper shelf which at its back and
upper part is pivotted to two arms themselves pivotted on a shaft free to oscillate
in the frame. A spring acts on this shaft so as to tend always to return the paper
shelf and its connections to their normal positions.
On the shaft are rigidly secured the two end plates of a frame which besides
these plates comprises a rod rigidly connecting said plates together. The plates
are provided with pins or tappets adapted to engage with the arms sufficient space
being left between the tappets to admit of the frame and arms moving independently
of each other to a small extent.. The plate is extended downwards at its forward
part so that it may operate on an anti-friction roller pivotted on the arm of a
bell-crank lever pivotted to the frame and whose arm is provided with a recess
adapted to normally receive or engage with the outer end or bead of the adjacent
one of the two before-mentioned pins or studs. A spring acts on the bell-crank
lever so as to hold it in its normal position or return it to such position after it has
been deflected therefrom as hereinafter described. The plate is provided with an
upward extension or arm which serves as a handle. With the rod engages the
upper end or hook of a rod whose lower end is pivotted to a frame itself pivotted
to the machine-base. A spring tends to hold this book in engagement with the
rod and an arm at the lower end of the rod enables the hook (when the paper
carriage is being raised) to be disengaged from the rod by the operator who to
attain this result has merely to raise the back end of the arm. The rod is guided
between two pins or equivalent carried by a buffer ring against which the type
levers rest when in their normal positions, this ring being suspended from the table
in any convenient manner. The frame is connected by a link with a key lever by
depressing which this frame and the hook are drawn down. This has the effect of
pulling the frame downwards and forwards and through the projection and anti-
friction roller (and before the tappets begin to act on the arms) and against the
influence of the spring effects the disengagement of the recess of the bell-crank-
lever arm from the adjacent pin or stud that is to say from its normal position in
which it prevents the platen frame from turning on the platen spindle. By the
time that the arm is released from the stud the two tappets nearest the back of the
machine abut against the arms so that by the continued motion of the frame these
arms and the paper-shelf are moved forwards and downwards and through the studs
or pivotal connections, the platen frame is turned about the axis of the platen spindle
and through the detent arm and wheel the platen is carried round with it to such
extent as to bring the writing, last produced at the underside of the platen, into
full view of the operator. When the operator releases the platen-turning key-lever
the spring acting on the shaft through the arms raises the paper shelf and this
returns the platen frame to its normal position immediately after which (the plate
extension having moved past the anti-friction roller) the spring causes the lever
arm to engage, by its recess with the adjacent one of the pins or studs so as to
retain the platen frame in its operative position until either the key lever is next
depressed as before described or the frame is moved forward, as it may be, by
means of an arm, the result being the same in both cases.
The spacing mechanism comprises an ordinary spacing key lever or frame and
a pivotted bail operated by the depression of this frame or of any of the key

page_text: levers. The bail is adjustably connected as by an eye-bolt and nuts and a link with
the arm of a bell-crank-lever pivotted to a bracket secured to or formed in part
with the table and on whose arm are mounted escapement dogs, the former of
which hereinafter termed the "fixed dog" is pivotted by a screw to the lever arm
a spring acting on it so as to tend always to hold it in the position in relation to
the arm or to return it to such position after it has been deflected therefrom as it is
for example when the paper carriage is moved towards the right of the machine as
hereinafter described. The other dog hereinafter termed the "movable dog" is
pivotted as by a screw to the fixed dog a spring acting on it so as to tend always
to move its tooth or effective end outwards from the lever arm; a stop extends
from the bracket to limit the extent of motion of the bell-crank-lever and a screw
is provided in this lever arm to admit of this limit being adjusted. A spring
returns the lever to its normal position after it has been moved forward as by the
depression of a key lever. A stop is fitted in or on the fixed dog to limit the
An anti-friction
movement of the movable dog outwards from the lever arm.
roller is provided for the upper end of the lever arm to work against when the
latter is moved forward for disengaging the movable dog from and engaging the
fixed dog with the rack and backward for disengaging the fixed dog from and
engaging the movable dog with the rack as in the usual operation of these devices.
The escapement rack with which the dogs engage is secured to a frame pivotted by
lugs on cylindrical bosses formed conveniently in part with the before mentioned
eyes or lugs in such manner that the two frames are capable of moving independently
of each other. At the back part of the paper-carriage frame is provided a fork
which engages with a screw or equivalent projecting upward from the frame or
from the escapement rack so as to maintain the proper connection between these
two parts. At say the left hand end of the frame or rack I provide a pin or
projection with which engages the arm of a lever frame pivotted by screws to the
back and front of the frame. The lever frame is acted on by a spring which
returns it to its normal position to allow the rack to re-engage with the dogs after,
by pressing upon the finger piece the lever arm though the pin engaging with it,
has caused the rack to be raised out of engagement with the dogs which is done as
in other type-writing machines when it is desired to adjust the position of the paper
carriage.
On the escapement rack is pivotted a pawl adapted, when, as before described,
the rack is raised by the depression of the finger piece to engage with a stop screw
or projection or successively with two or more such stops secured in any desired
position in a bar which is supported by two rigid standards extending upwards from
the table. These stops may conveniently be in the form of screws and the bar
provided with a number of screwed holes for receiving them, the holes being at a
distance apart corresponding with the space allotted to each character printed in
the machine. The pawl by means of its handle may be turned from its operative
position to an inoperative position; in the latter position it is entirely clear of the
stops throughout the travel of the paper carriage and whether the rack is raised or
not. On the bar is marked a scale the divisions of which correspond with multiples
of the space allotted to cach character printed; or the scale may be further
divided to indicate the spaces allotel to every individual character, these remarks
applying equally well to the scale on the bar hereinafter described.
The stops and bar which together are hereinafter referred to as the "accounting-
rack" and the pawl serve for enabling the printing characters to be arranged in
columns as for example in cash statements, all the figures being arranged one
directly under another. To do this all that is necessary is to turn the pawl into
its proper position and at the proper time to depress the finger piece whereby the
escapement rack is raised out of engagement with the dogs the paper-carriage then
being drawn along by the paper-carriage spring until it is arrested by the pawl
striking against the particular stop next presented in its path. The finger piece is
then released, the rack being thereby allowed to re-engage with the dogs and the
printing proceeded with in the usual manner until the statements to be tabulated in

page_text: the next column are reached, at which juncture, the finger piece is again depressed,
-the rack consequently released and the carriage drawn continuously along until it
is arrested by the pawl abutting against the next of the stops presented in its path
at which time the finger piece is released and the printing proceeded with as before.
If these operations are repeated in the various lines printed the cash items or other
statements will appear in columns and one under another. When it is not desired
to use the accounting device the pawl is turned into the second position mentioned
.above.
The before-mentioned bail is provided with a forwardly projecting lug or arm to
which is adjustably secured; as by an eye bolt and two nuts the lower end of a rod
whose upper end is provided with or fitted to a pin having a head this latter being
adapted to descend and ascend with the bail at each operation of one of the type-
operating key levers or the spacing frame. There is an arm pivotted to the table
and normally held by its spring away from the pin just mentioned; on this arm is
provided another pin or projection adapted to engage with a plate 'adjustably
mounted on a conveniently square rod pivotted in two lugs on the paper carriage
frame. The said plate is capable of being moved to any desired part of the square
rod a projection thereon serving to facilitate this as also to turn the square rod on
its longitudinal axis in order to release the plate from the said other pin as now to
.be described.
When a line of printing is completed and the paper carriage cannot move any
further, unless the mechanism last described were provided the key levers could
still be operated with the result that a number of characters would be printed one
over another and present an ugly appearance, the provision of the last described
mechanism which is herein termed the "key-board lock" prevents this because, as
soon as the end of a line is reached the plate operates on the pin and moves the arm
on its pivot so that its free end is interposed between the table and the aforesaid
head and the bail extending beneath all the key levers cannot therefore descend
-consequently the key levers also cannot descend. Supposing now that the last
word of the line of printing thus stopped off be incomplete and that it is required
to complete it this may either be done by moving the before-mentioned projection
backwards which causes the plate to be moved towards the front of the machine
and thus allows the pin to slip past the back edge of the plate and the arm to
release the head or it may be effected by operating the "shift key
which as
bereinafter described causes the paper carriage to be moved backwards or forward
with the result that the pin is allowed to pass through a recess which for this special
purpose is provided in the plate aforesaid, the result being the same as in the
alternative system of releasing the key-board lock; the unfinished word being
thereafter completed as if the key-board lock had not been brought into
-operation.
"
The before mentioned shift bar is attached to two lever arms rigidly secured to
a shaft supported in lugs or bearings extending downwards from the table. One
of these arms is formed in part with a second arm these two arms forming a bell-
crank lever. The free end of one of these arms is connected by a link with the
"shift key or lever" which operates like the key levers. By depressing the shift
key the rod is moved backwards and with it the paper carriage and the platen the
last named then occupying such a position that when the key levers are operated
the types which strike (through the ink ribbon) against the paper or platen when
the platen is in its. normal position are not now brought into contact with either,
but the types which were before inoperative now strike against the paper or platen
leaving their imprint upon the paper, this charging of the particular set of type
brought into operation is what is herein referred to as changing or shifting the case.
In order to enable the machine to be adjusted so that the types may be used
continuously without retaining the shift key in its depressed position a spring is
provided, one end of which is secured to the table and the other end to a lever arm
pivotted on the end of a shaft. The lever arm is provided with two shoulders both
of which are adapted to bear against a pin or equivalent projecting from the

page_text: adjacent arm. When the said lever arm is in a certain position the spring through
the shoulder and pin holds the shift bar in the position in which it is nearest the-
key board of the machine and in which one set of the types is consequently in use,.
and returns it to that position after it has been deflected therefrom by the depression
of the shift key for the temporary bringing into requisition of one or more of the
other set of types. When however the lever arm is turned on the shaft into
another position the shoulder presses against the pin and shifts the shift bar
laterally towards the back of the machine and holds it there so that the other set
of types are brought into requisition and remain so until the said lever arm is.
returned to its "full-line" position.
The ink ribbon is wound on two spools adjustably mounted as by a feather and
key way one spool on one horizontal shaft and the other on another similar shaft..
Tese shafts are supported in bearings extending downwards from the table and on
these shafts are secured bevel-toothed wheels adapted to gear alternately the one
with a bevel wheel at one end of a driving shaft and the other with a similar wheel
at the opposite end of the said driving shaft. This driving shaft is supported in
brackets or bearings extending downward from the table and is capable of being
moved in the direction of its length so that it may be geared with either of the
horizontal shafts; it is retained in its two positions of adjustment by latches each
adapted to engage with one of two collars secured on the driving shaft. The
latches are pivotted to brackets and are adapted to be operated upon by the upper-
ends of two frames pivotted at the lower ends to the machine base. Each of the
swinging frames at its upper part carries a rod on which is loosely mounted a roller
capable of moving in the direction of its axis of rotation and each roller fits-
between the two flanges of one of the spools and bears against the ribbon thereon
under the influence of a conveniently-forked spring which presses at its forked end
against the adjacent one of the two said collars. The springs are secured at their
lower ends each to one of the swinging frames.
The mechanism for rotating the driving shaft for the ribbon is similar to that
hitherto used for the purpose and comprises a bevel toothed wheel engaged with
the driving shaft by means of a feather and key way or equivalent so that the
shaft may be moved independently of it only in the direction of the axis of rotation,
the bevel wheel being itself prevented from moving in the direction of its axis by
the two bracket bearings between which it is adapted to rotate.
The wheel gears
with another wheel which together with a ratchet wheel is mounted loosely, as by
means of a screw on one end of a horizontal shaft free to rotate in bearings
extending downwards from the table. On this shaft is also loosely mounted a
snail or partial drum to whose periphery is attached one end of a strap or equivalent
whose other end is attached conveniently to one of the before mentioned eyes or
lugs of the frame carrying the escapement rack. The partial drum which for
convenience is hereinafter called the snail corresponds as usually with (or is in the
form of) a spiral and to it is attached one end of the paper-carriage spring whose-
other end is secured to the said shaft, a disc being preferably secured to the snail
to hide the spring from view and thereby improve the appearance of the machine
at this particular part. The snail has pivotted to it a spring-controlled pawl which
engages with the aforesaid ratchet wheel when the paper-carriage is moving
forward but slips over the teeth of this wheel when the paper-carriage is moved
backwards towards the position necessary for cominencing a new line of printing a
detent then preventing any backward movement of the ratchet wheel all as in other
type-writing machines of well-known construction and for the same purpose.
the rearward extremity of the shaft is rigidly secured a ratchet wheel preferably
provided with a handle for enabling it to be conveniently rotated for regulating the
tension of the paper-carriage spring and with this wheel engages a double pawl- or
escapement pallet also provided with a handle for convenience of operation.
On
Supposing the tension of the paper-carriage spring is too great it may be
gradually reduced by alternately moving the pallet handle nearer to and farther
from the shaft the ratchet wheel by this operation being released one tooth at each

page_text: such complete reciprocation, under the action of the paper-carriage spring. The
tension of this spring when necessary may be increased by rotating the ratchet
wheel in the proper direction, the pallet freely admitting of the rotation in
this direction and retaining the wheel in any position in which it may be left by
the operator.
For automatically causing the ribbon to be moved in the direction of its width
there is provided a frame comprising two approximately vertical arms and a
horizontal bar connecting said arms pivotted at its lower part to the machine base.
The two arms of the frame terminate at their upper ends in partly spherical heads
which engage with grooves formed one in each of the before mentioned rollers
between the flanges of the spools; or each of the rollers may be formed of two
separate parts both secured upon the same sleeve at a distance apart corresponding
or approximately so with the diameter of the head between them. One of the two
swinging frames is provided with a rod on which is pivotted a pawl adapted to
engage with the teeth of a "crown-ratchet" wheel secured on the upper end of a
vertical spindle journalled in the base. On this spindle is secured an eccentric
which rotates between the two arms of a fork or yoke rigidly secured to the
adjacent vertical arm of the frame.
In the example chosen for description there is described only one device for
sbifting the ink-ribbon laterally, this being operated by the gradual accumulation
of the ribbon on only one of the ribbon spools and rendered inoperative when by
the travel of the ribbon being reversed it is unwound from that spool, it will
however readily be seen that two such devices may be employed if the two
eccentrics of these devices be connected together so as to cause them to rotate in
proper relationship to each other.
To enable the ribbon to be conveniently removed from and placed in the machine
without having to unwind it from either spool, I provide in the table two T shaped
recesses a certain portion of each being that in which the ribbon is usually located
and the other portion that through which the ribbon may readily be passed for
removing it from or placing it in the machine. By means of the recesses it is
rendered unnecessary to thread the ribbon endwise through any part of the machine
as is usually necessary in the arrangements hitherto adopted.
The platen frame is provided with a scale, an index or pointer acting in
conjunction with this scale serving to indicate the particular part of another scale
bar adjacent to which the next or any other particular character will be printed.
A second pointer serves for facilitating the comparisons between the two scales, the
scale being brought adjacent to it when the platen and platen frame are turned
about the axis of the platen by depressing a key lever as before described. The
scale bar is secured at its ends to the end plates of the platen frame and two paper
guides one adjacent to each end of the platen extend between and are secured to
the two scale bars. At the back of one of the scale bars is provided a preferably
rubber covered roller which is drawn firmly against the platen by two helical
springs which act directly on the spindle of said roller, this spindle being guided in
recesses or open bearings in the said end plates.
At the front of the table there is secured a rack bar having two sets of ratchet
teeth facing in opposite directions and having depicted on its upper surface a scale
corresponding with the markings on the before described scale bars. On this bar
to which the previously mentioned pointers are conveniently secured, there are
fitted two movable collars or sleeves (constituting respectively a margin stop and
bell-trip) each provided with a spring controlled detent adapted, that of the one
sleeve to engage with one set of the ratchet teeth and that of the other sleeve to
engage with the other set of the ratchet teeth. The sleeve or margin stop may be
adjusted to any position on the part of the bar which is provided with the first set
of ratchet teeth and correspondingly the sleeve or bell-trip may be adjusted to any
position on the part of the har which is provided with the other set of ratchet
teeth. On the front of the paper carriage frame there are pivotted two pawls or
catches the former of which is adapted to engage with the margin stop when the

page_text: paper carriage, after a line of printing has been completed, is moved back to its
starting position, any further backward movement of the carriage being thereby
prevented. The pawl or catch engages with the bell-trip shortly before the end of
a line of printing is reached and it swings the bell-hanımer away from the bell so
that under the influence of the spring the hammer will be propelled against the bell
when the catch by having passed completely over the bell trip is allowed to resume
its normal position. When the paper carriage is moved back to its starting
position the catch is swung aside in passing over the bell trip and resumes its normal
position as soon as it has completely passed over said bell-trip.
The margin stop and bell trip are adjusted on the bar in accordance with the
width of margin and length of lines of printing required, the scale indicated on the
bar determining the positions of adjustment.
The before described type-writing machine may be modified in many of its
details without departing from the spirit of the invention, as an example of which
I may instance an alternative form of the before described line-spacing mechanism.
In this device there are present many of the elements of the previously described
device employed for a like purpose, but in this example they are differently
arranged. A wheel is provided of ordinary ratchet form and a pawl engaging
therewith is of hook form and engages with the back of the wheel instead of as in
the previous example, the front of it. This pawl is pivotted to the rear end of a
lever arm itself pivotted to the paper-carriage frame. This lever arm is formed in
one piece with an arm which the operator grasps in order to move the paper
carriage to its starting position. The lever arm or lever is acted on by a spring (in
this example conveniently a blade spring) which tends always to raise its rear end
and the pawl is acted on by a special spring which tends to hold said pawl always
in engagement with the ratchet wheel. On the pawl is provided a projection or
cam adapted to bear against a stud or equivalent rigidly secured to the frame when
the pawl is in its highest position so that it may be then disengaged from the
ratchet wheel. The said lever has formed in part with it a third arm in the upper
end of which is fitted a line spacing gauge of similar construction to that previously
referred to the only difference being that here it is substantially horizontal whereas
in the previous example it is substantially vertical. The operative end of the
gauge is adapted to bear an arm formed in one piece with a spring controlled
detent arm which in this example as in the previous one is pivotted to the platen
frame plate.
It will be seen that by the last described device the platen, after it has been
rotated by the operation of the lever to the limit determined by the previous
adjustment of the gauge, is securely locked against further rotation by a con-
tinuance of the same stroke of the lever, by reason of the detent being firmly.
pressed (by the gauge and the arms) into engagement with the teeth of the ratchet
wheel.
By removing the pivot screws the paper carriage together with all the
accessories mounted thereon may be readily removed from the machine leaving the
escapement rack in situ and in engagement with the dogs.
When it is desired to remove the platen and platen frame from the paper
carriage all that is necessary is to depress the front ends of the arms, draw the
platen and frame forward to release the spindle from the lugs and then move
them end wise first in one direction so as to disengage the platen frame from one of
the pins or studs and then in the opposite direction to disengage it from the other
of the studs.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: "
:
:
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improvements in or relating to Type writing machines.
A communication from CHARLES SPIRO, of 116th Street, Fifth and Lenox
Avenues, New York, United States of America, Gentleman.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object various improvements in type-writing machines
of the class wherein the platen is moved laterally when the "case" is changed from
the "lower" to the "upper" or rice versa, prominent among these improvements
being the following, viz. :-
1. Means for rotating the platen by operating a particular key lever in the
key board of the instrument so that the writing effected, beneath the platen, may
be readily presented to the view of the operator.
2. An arrangement whereby the paper-feed mechanism and the platen can be
removed simultaneously (as a complete portion of the apparatus) from the other
parts of the machine.
3. An arrangement whereby the key-board lock brought into operation when the
end of a line is reached may be released by operating the "shift" key so as to
admit of an unfinished word being finished.
4. The independent construction of the paper carriage and escapement rack, the
former of which is capable of being separated from the latter and removed from
the machine while the latter remains in engagement with the escapement dogs.
5. The ribbon-operating mechanism which is adapted automatically to both
reverse the direction of travel of the ribbon and adjust it laterally so that all parts
of it may be exposed to the action of the types, thereby, as compared with the
ink-ribbons of other type-writing machines, enhancing the life of said ribbon.
Besides the foregoing there are various other improvements embodied in the
machine constructed according to this invention, all of which are hereinafter
particularly described.
In this Specification the words "write" and "
therefrom are used synonymously.
In the accompanying drawings.
"print" and any derivatives
Figure 1 is a plan of the type writing machine with parts broken away to more
clearly illustrate the invention.
Figures 2 and 3 are vertical sections taken respectively on the lines 2-2 and 3-3
of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a vertical section corresponding to a portion of Figure 3 showing the
platen turned on its axis as for the inspection by the operator of the writing last
produced beneath it.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of part of the machine showing among other
details the ribbon-operating mechanism and the devices for locking the "case" and
the key-board.
Figure 6 is a perspective view of part of the machine showing the line-spacing
mechanism and
Figure 7 is a sectional view showing a modification of the line-spacing
mechanism.
Like letters of reference indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A is the base or frame which, by four standards A', supports the platform or
table A 2 and which, in conjunction with said table, supports all the working parts
of the machine. The base A may be provided with the usual rubber feet A 3.

page_text: B are the type-operating key levers pivotted upon a rod B¹ supported in the base
and against which they are held by springs B 2 connected at their upper ends to a
fixed comb-like plate B 3 all in the usual manner. Near their front ends, the key
levers B are guided in and have their upward movement limited by the comb B4
also in the usual manner.
"3
Each key lever B is connected by a link B 5 with one of the type levers C; of
these latter there are half as many as the number of the characters adapted to be
" lower
printed in the machine for each type lever carries two types C' C 2 one a
case letter or character and the other an "upper case "letter or character.
Each type lever C is rigidly secured upon a spindle C 3 pivotted in a bracket or
hanger D; all of these brackets are secured as by screws D' in the form of a circle,
on a shelf A 4 of the table A 2. In each of the hangers D are pivotted two type
levers C the spindles C 3 of which are in different but parallel horizontal planes;
the spindles C 3 in each hanger D are also in different but intersecting vertical
planes, this arrangement being necessary (owing to the various spindles C3 being
arranged at different parts of two circles one above the other) to enable all the
types to strike at the printing point E¹ (Figure 3) of the platen E and to hang
quite free of each other when in their normal positions. The position of this
printing point in relation to the other parts of the machine varies in a direction
transverse to the longitudinal axis of the platen, according to the
characters in use, though the printing takes place always at the same part of the
circumference of the platen, viz.: immediately below its axis of rotation, no matter
which of the " cases is employed.
66
case
"
of
Each spindle C3 is provided with means for tightening or loosening it in the
hanger D in which it takes its bearing independently of the other spindle in the
The two ends.
same hanger, this constituting one of the features of the invention.
of each spindle C 3 are coned as shown in Figure 1 one of these ends fitting into a
conical hole D2 in one cheek or jaw of the hanger D and the other into a similar
hole in a cap or plug D3 screwing into the other cheek of the hanger. The
plug D3 is provided with a conveniently square head D 4 by means of which it
may be readily turned for tightening or loosening the spindle C 3. It will be.
noticed that, as distinguished from existing methods of tightening the type lever
bearings, the method before described does not draw together or alter the relative
positions of the two cheeks of the hanger D, consequently the tightening or
loosening of one of the two spindles C 3 in each bracket does not affect the other
one therein.
The platen E is removably mounted in a frame or paper carriage F which at its
front part is provided with grooved rollers F1 for rolling on the adjustable bar G,
hereinafter called the "shift bar," and at its back part with lugs F 2 for receiving
the pivot screws F 3 by which it is capable of being connected to or disconnected.
from a frame H. This frame H comprises two eyes or perforated lugs H¹.
encircling but not in actual contact with a guide rod A 5 the frame being directly
supported by the guide rod A 5 by means of the two groove rollers H2. The
guide rod A 5 is supported at its ends by lugs A 6 projecting upwards from the
table A 2.
The lugs F 2 are adapted to engage with projections h¹ on the lugs H' to support;
the paper carriage when it is thrown back on its hinge rod A into its inoperative
position.
The platen E is conveniently secured in the frame F by means of two over-.
hanging projections or hooks F4 integral with the frame F and two arms F 5
pivotted to said frame and acted on by springs F6 as shown clearly in Figure 6..
The arms F 5 are provided with recesses F 7 for receiving the platen spindle E 2
and with rearward extensions F 8 which, by abutting upon projections F 9 extending
outwards from the frame F prevent the arms F 5 from pressing against the
spindle E 2. and thereby exposing it to unnecessary friction, the platen spindle
being actually supported by the frame F the arms F 5 serving merely for preventing.
its moving laterally in said frame. After depressing the front ends of the arms F5.
:

page_text: .
against the pressure of the springs F6 the platen spindle can be withdrawn from
beneath the hooks F 4 and the platen removed from the machine.
On the platen spindle E2 is mounted a frame comprising two end plates I I¹ a
front rod I of conveniently square shape in transverse section and a back plate or
bar 1 all rigidly connected together and hereinafter for convenience referred to as
"the platen frame I," except in cases where any individual part thereof is
specified. On the rod 12 is adjustably mounted a paper guide I comprising three
main parts the parts of which are pivotted to the part which constitutes
a slide on the rod 1. A spring secured to the part or slide acts on the
parts so as to press the lower end of the part i towards the platen E this end
carrying a roller I which by the last described means is caused to bear against the
paper on which the printing is effected. As shown in Figure 1 the part is
provided with a slot through which passes a screw secured in the part i and on
which is threaded a nut . After loosening the nut the part i may be adjusted
to any position in relation to the part the roller being thereby brought opposite
to any desired part of the periphery of the platen E, and by tightening the nut the
part may be secured in any position thus arrived at, and moreover by shifting
the slide along the rod 12 the roller I may be caused to bear upon any
desired portion of the paper between the two ends of the platen. On the
platen spindle E2 are rigidly secured a bell E3 and a toothed or star wheel E 4
the former of which, besides serving to indicate when the end of a line is
reached, also serves as in other existing machines to enable the platen to be
rotated by hand, while with the latter engage a pawl E5 and a detent E 6.
The pawl E5 is pivotted on a lever arm E7 swinging on the platen spindle E 2
and acted on by a spring E8 which tends always to move the free end of the
arm downwards. The pawl E5 is acted on by a spring E 9 which tends always
to press it into engagement with the wheel E 4. The forward or free end of
the lever arm E7 extends across the free end of a lever arm E 10 secured
on the back portion of the bent lever arm E11 which is pivotted in the
frame F and whose free end extends downwards in front of the table, A2 in a
position convenient to the hand of the operator; this handle serves for the
fulfilment of two functions viz.: the moving of the paper-carriage back to the
position ready for commencing a new line of printing and simultaneously
therewith, through the lever arms E 10 E7 pawl E5 and wheel E4 to rotate
the platen for the spacing between the lines of printing, each grasping of the
lever E11 by the operator to move the paper carriage towards the right of
Figure 1 causing the arm E7 to swing upwards and thereby as before described
rotate the platen.
The detent E 6 as shown, is in the form of a roller pivotted in the forked end of
an arm E 12 pivotted to the platen frame plate I; a spring E 13 (Figure 1) acting
on this arm retains the detent E 6 in engagement with the wheel E 4 (so as to
prevent any accidental rotation of the platen) while allowing it (the detent) to
yield when the platen is intentionally rotated for line-spacing or for other reasons.
The forward end of the spring controlled detent arm E 12 is provided with a
vertical sleeve or bearing E 14 in which is free to rotate a line spacing gauge
comprising a stem E 15 and a conveniently hexagonal head E 16 (both as a whole,
hereinafter referred to as the line-spacing gauge E 15). This gauge
is prevented
from leaving the bearing E 14 by means of a screw E 17 the point of which
engages with a groove in the stem E 15. The stem E 15 is cut away at one part
so as to leave a shoulder E 18 Figure 6. This shoulder is adapted to project into
the path pursued by the pawl-carrying arm E 7 when the latter is operated for
rotating the platen and thereby restrict its movement according to the required
space between the lines of printing. The stem E 15 is cut away also at another
side, as at E 19 so that when this side is presented towards the arm E 7 this arm is
capable of making its full stroke. Three faces of the head E16 bear the
Dumbers 1, 2 and 3 which indicate the face which is to be turned towards the
operator when any particular space between the lines is required, thus, for example,

page_text: when the lines of printing are required to have a one-line space between them the
umber "1" face of the head E 16 must be turned towards the operator so that
when the arm E 7 is subsequently raised it will as indicated in Figure 6 abut,
gainst the extreme end of the stem E 15 which is of the proper length to arrest
When a two-
the arm when the platen has been turned through a one-line space.
ine space
is required between the lines of printing the head E 16 is turned to
bring the number "2" to face the operator, the shoulder E 18 thereby being-
brought into the path of the arm E7 so that when said arm is next raised it will be.'
arrested by this shoulder when the platen has rotated to the extent of a two-line.
space. When a three-line space is required between the lines of printing the
head E 16 is turned to bring the number "3" to face the operator, so that the
side E 19 of the stem E 15 will be presented towards the arm E 7 all obstacles-
being consequently removed from the path of E7 which, when next operated, will
therefore make its full stroke and turn the platen to the extent of a three-line space..
If desired, provision may be made for the adjustment of the line-spacing within or
beyond the limits previously set forth.
For preventing the gauge E 15 from being accidentally moved from either of its.
positions of adjustment, I provide in the detent arm E 12 a spring-controlled pin:
or stud E 20 Figure 6 and in the gauge E 15 recesses E 21 with one of which the.
stud E 20 engages when the gauge E 15 is in either of its positions of adjustment.
By turning the gauge E 15 by hand the stud E 20 is forced out of engagement.
with one of the recesses E 21 and engages with another when said recess is brought..
opposite to it.
The platen frame plate I is provided with a pin or projection 1º which limits the:
descent of the arm E7 and also acts on the heel E 22 of the pawl E5 when the
arm E7 is in its lowest position, so as to disengage the pawl from the teeth of
the wheel E 4 to admit of the platen being turned by hand in either direction.
The platen-frame plates I I¹ have forwardly-extending projections I7 one or each
of which is adapted to rest on a stud F 10 adjustably secured in the front part of
the frame F when the platen is in its printing position.
At its back part the platen frame I is pivotally and detachably connected by
two pins or studs J' to the front part of an inclined paper shelf J which, at its
back and upper part is pivotted to two arms J 2 themselves pivotted on a shaft J 3.
free to oscillate in the frame F. A spring J Figure 1 acts on the shaft J 3 so us
to tend always to return the paper shelf J and its connections to the positions in
which these parts are respectively represented in Figure 3 after they have been
deflected from such positions as hereinafter described and as shown in Figure 4.
:
On the shaft J 3 are rigidly secured the two end plates K' K2 of a frame i
which, besides these plates comprises a rod K rigidly connecting said plates,
together for convenience this frame as a whole. is hereinafter referred to as the :
frame K which letter is also used for referring, when necessary, to the rod K as an :
individual part. The plates K' K 2 are provided with pins or tappets K. 3 adapted,
to engage with the arms J 2 sufficient space being left between the tappets to..
admit of the frame K and arms J 2 moving independently of each other to a small.
⚫ extent. The plate K is extended downwards at its forward part as at K4
Figure 3 so that it may operate on the anti-friction roller K 5 pivotted on the
arm K 6 of a bell-crank lever K 6 K 7 pivoted to the frame F and whose other:
arm K 7 is provided with a recess k adapted normally to receive or engage with the..
outer end or head of the adjacent one of the two before-mentioned pins or studs J¹
as shown in Figures 1 and 3. A spring K8 acts on the lever K 6 K7 so as to
bold it in the position in which it is shown in the drawings, or return it to such :
position after it has been deflected therefrom as hereinafter described. The
plate K 2 is provided with an upward extension or arm K9 which serves as a
handle. With the rod K engages the upper end or book K 10 of a rod K 11
whose lower end is pivotted to a frame K 12 itself pivotted at K¹ to the machine-
base A. A spring K 13 tends to hold the hook K10 in engagement with the
rod K and an arm K 14 at the lower end of the rod K 11 enables the hook K 10.

page_text: (when the paper-carriage is being raised) to be disengaged from the rod K by the
operator who to attain this result has merely to raise the back end of the arm K 14.
The rod K 11 is guided between two pins or equivalent K 15 carried by a buffer
ring A7 against which the type levers C rest when in their normal positions as
shown in Figures 2 and 3, this ring being suspended from the table A 2 in any
convenient manner. The frame K 12 is connected by a link K 16 with a key
lever B 6 by depressing which this frame and the hook K 10 are drawn down.
This has the effect of pulling the framé K downwards and forwards and, through
the projection K 4 and anti-friction roller K 5, (and before the tappets K 3 begin to
act on the arms J2) and against the influence of the spring K 8 effects the
disengagement of the recess k of the bell-crank-lever arm K 7 from the adjacent
pin or stud J that is to say, from its normal position in which it prevents the
platen frame I from turning on the platen spindle E 2. By the time that the
arm K 7 is released from the stud J the two tappets K 3 nearest the back of
the machine abut against the arms J 2 so that by the continued motion of the
frame K, these arms and the paper-shelf J are moved forwards and downwards and
through the studs or pivotal connections J¹ the platen frame 1 is turned about
the axis of the platen spindle E 2 and through the detent arm E 12 and wheel E 4
the platen E is carried round with it to such extent as to bring the writing, last
produced at the underside of the platen, into full view of the operator. When the
operator releases the platen-turning key-lever B6 the spring J4 acting on the
shaft J 3, through the arnis J 2, raises the paper shelf J and this returns the platen
frame I to its normal position, immediately after which, (the plate extension K4.
having moved past the anti-friction roller K 5) the spring K8 causes the lever
arm K 7 to engage, by its recess k with the adjacent one of the pins or studs J¹
to retain the platen frame in its operative position until either the key
lever B 6 is next depressed as before described or the frame K is moved forward,
as it may be, by means of the arm K 9, the result being the sume in both cases.
80 as
The spacing mechanism comprises an ordinary spacing key lever or franie L and
a pivoted bail L' operated by the depression of this frame or of any of the key levers B.
The bail L' is adjustably connected as by an eye-bolt and nuts L2 and a link L 3
with the arm Lt of a bell-crank-lever L4 L5 pivoted to a bracket A 8 secured to or
formed in part with the table A 2 and on whose arm L5 are mounted the escapement
dogs L6 L7. The dog L 6, bereinafter termed the "fixed dog" is pivoted by a
screw L 8 to the lever arm L 5 a spring L9 acting on it so as to tend always to hold it
in the position in relation to the arm L 5 in which it is shown in Fig. 2 or to return
it to such position after it has been deflected therefrom as it is for example when
the paper carriage is moved towards the right of the machine as hereinafter
described. The dog L 7 hereinafter termed the "movable dog" is pivoted as by
a screw L 10 to the fixed dog a spring L 11 acting on it so as to tend always to
move its tooth or effective end outwards from the lever arm L5; a stop L 12
extends from the bracket A 8 to limit the extent of motion of the bell-crank
lever L4 L5 and a screw L 13 is provided in this lever arm L 5 to admit of this
limit being adjusted. A spring L 14 returns the lever L4 L5 to its normal
position after it has been moved forward as by the depression of a key lever.
A stop L 15 is fitted in or on the fixed dog L6 to limit the movement of the
movable dog L7 outwards from the lever arm L 5. An anti-friction roller L 16
is provided for the upper end of the lever arm L5 to work against when the latter
is moved forward for disengaging the movable dog L 7 from and engaging the
fixed dog L 6 with the rack, and backward for disengaging the fixed dog L 6 from
and engaging the movable dog L 7 with the rack as in the usual operation of these
devices. The escapement rack M with which the dogs L 6 L 7 engage is secured
to a frame M' pivoted by the lugs M 2 on cylindrical bosses H3 formed con-
veniently in part with the before mentioned eyes or lugs H₁ in such manner that
the two frames H and M¹ are capable of moving independently. of each other.
At the back. part of the paper-carriage frame F is provided a fork F 11 which
engages with a screw or equivalent M 4 projecting upward from the frame M' as

page_text: shown or from the escapement rack M so as to maintain the proper connection
between these two parts. At say the left hand end (as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2)
of the frame M' or rack MI provide a pin or projection M 5 with which engages
the arm M 6 of a lever frame M 7 pivoted by screws M 8 to the back and front of
the frame F. The lever frame M 7 is acted on by a spring M 9 which returns it
to its normal position to allow the rack M to re-engage with the dogs L 6 L7
after, by pressing upon the finger piece M 10, the lever arm M 6 though the
pin M 5 has caused the rack to be raised out of engagement with the dogs which
is done as in other type writing machines, when it is desired to adjust the position
of the paper carriage.
On the escapement rack M is pivoted a pawl M 11 adapted, when, as before
described, the rack is raised by the depression of the finger piece M 10, to engage
with a stop screw or projection N or successively with two or more such stops N
secured in any desired position on the bar N' which is supported, by two rigid
standards N 2 extending upwards from the table A 2. The stops N may con-
veniently be in the form of screws and the bar N¹ provided with a number of
screwed holes N 3 for receiving then, the holes N 3 being at a distance apart
corresponding with the space allotted to each character printed in the machine.
The pawl M 11 by means of its handle M 12 may be turned from its operative
position in which it is represented in full lines in Fig. 2 to an inoperative position
in which it is represented in dotted lines in the same figure; in the latter position
it is entirely clear of the stops N throughout, the travel of the paper carriage and
whether the rack M is raised or not. On the bar N' is marked a scale N 4 the
divisions of which correspond with multiples of the space allotted to each character
printed; or the scale N 4 may be further divided to indicate the spaces allotted to
every individual character, these remarks applying equally well to the scale on the
bar U hereinafter described.
The stops N and bar N¹ which together are hereinafter referred to as the
"accounting-rack" and the pawl M 11 serve for enabling the printing characters
to be arranged in columns as for example in cash statements, all the figures being
arranged one directly under another. To do this all that is necessary is to turn
the pawl M 11 into the "full line" position of Fig. 2 and at the proper time to
depress the finger piece M 10 whereby the escapement rack M is raised out of
engagement with the dogs L 6 L 7 the paper-carriage then being drawn along by
the paper-carriage spring until it is arrested by the pawl M 11 striking against.
the particular stop N next presented in its path. The finger piece M 10 is then
released the rack being thereby allowed to re-engage with the dogs L 6 L 7 and
the printing proceeded with in the usual manner until the statements to be
tabulated in the next column are reached, at which juncture the finger piece M 10
is again depressed, the rack M consequently released, and the carriage drawn
continuously along until it is arrested by the pawl abutting against the next of the
stops N presented in its path at which time the finger piece M 10 is released. and
the printing proceeded with as before. If these operations are repeated in the
various lines printed the cash items or other statements will appear in columns and
one under another. When it is not desired to use the accounting device the
pawl M 11 is turned from the full-line position of Fig. 2 to the dotted-line position
thereof.
The before mentioned bail L' is provided with a forwardly projecting lag or
arm L 17 to which is adjustably secured as by an eye bolt O and two nuts Othe
lower end of a rod O' whose upper end is provided with or fitted to a pin Os
having a head O this latter being adapted to descend and ascend with the hail L'
at each operation of one of the type-operating key levers B or the spacing
frame L. O' is an arm pivoted to the table A' and normally held by its spring O
away from the pin Os; on this arm is provided a pin or projection 07 adapted to
engage with a plate 08 adjustably mounted on a conveniently square rod 0°
pivoted in two lugs 00 on the paper carriage frame F. The plate 08 is capable
of being moved to any desired part of the rod ()' a projection thereou serving

page_text: .
:
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1
I
•
to facilitate this as also to turn the rod 0° on its longitudinal axis in order to
release the plate 08 from the pin 07 as now to be described.
When a line of printing is completed and the paper carriage cannot move any
further, unless the mechanism last described were provided the key levers could
still be operated with the result that a number of characters would be printed one
over another and present an ugly appearance, the provision of the last described
mechanism which is herein termed the "key-board lock" prevents this because, as
soon as the end of a line is reached the plate 08 operates on the pin O' and moves
the arm on its pivot so that its free end is interposed between the table A 2 and
the head O, and the bail L' extending beneath all the key levers B cannot there-
fore descend consequently the key levers also cannot descend. Supposing now that
the last word of the line of printing thus stopped off be incomplete and that it is
required to complete it this may either be done by moving the before mentioned
projection Obackwards which causes the plate 08 to be moved towards the front
of the machine and thus allows the pin O' to slip past the plate 08 and the arm 0
to release the head O', or it may be effected by operating the "shift key" G 5
which as hereinafter described causes the paper carriage to be moved backwards
or foward with the result that the pin O', is allowed to pass through the recess 0¹³,
which for this special purpose is provided in the plate 08 the result being the same
as in the alternative system of releasing the key-board lock; the unfinished word
being thereafter completed as if the key-board-lock had not been brought into
operation.
66
"
or
The before mentioned shift bar G is attached to two, lever arms G¹ rigidly
secured to a shaft G 2 supported in lugs or bearings A 9 extending downwards
from the table A 2. One of the arms G¹ is formed in part with a second arm G 3
:these two arms forming a bell-crank lever hereinafter referred to by the letter G 3.
The free end of the arm G 3 is connected by a link G 4 with the
shift key
lever G5 which operates like the key levers B. By depressing the shift key G 5
the rod G is moved backwards and with it the paper carriage and the platen E the
last named then occupying such a position that when the key levers B are operated
the types C2 which strike (through the ink ribbon) against the paper or platen
when the platen is in its normal position are not now brought into contact with
either, but the types C¹ which were before inoperative now strike against the paper
or platen leaving their imprint upon the paper, this changing of the particular set
of type brought into operation is what is herein referred to as changing or shifting
the case.
In order to enable the machine to be adjusted so that the types. C may
be used continuously without retaining the key G5 in its depressed position a
spring G 6 is provided, one end of which is secured to the table A 2 and the other
end to a lever arm G 7 pivoted on the end of the shaft G 2. The lever arm G 7 is
provided with two shoulders G8 G9 both of which are adapted to bear against a
pin or equivalent G 10 projecting from the adjacent arm G. When the lever
arm G 7 is in the position in which it is shown in full lines in Fig. 5, the spring G6
through the shoulder G 8 and pin G 10 holds the shift bar G in the position in
which it is nearest the key board of the machine and in which the types C 2 are
consequently in use, and returns it to that position after it has been deflected
therefrom by the depression of the shift key G 5 for the temporary bringing into
requisition of one or more of the types C₁. When however the lever arm G7.is
turned on the shaft G2 into the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5 the
-shoulder G 9 presses against the pin G 10 and shifts the bar G laterally towards
the back of the machine and holds it there so that the types Gare brought
into requisition and remain so until the lever arm G' is returned to its "full-line"
position.
:
The ink ribbon Q is wound on two spools Q1 Q2 adjustably mounted as by a
feather and key way one on a horizontal shaft Q3 and the other on a similar
shaft Q4. These shafts Q3 Q4 are supported in bearings A 10 extending down-
wards from the table A 2 and on these shafts are secured bevel-toothed wheels Q 5
adapted to gear alternately one with a bevel wheel Q6 at one end of a shaft Q7

page_text: and the other with a similar wheel Q6 at the opposite end of the shaft Q7. This
shaft Q7 is supported in brackets or bearings A 11 and A 12 extending downward
from the table A 2 and is capable of being moved in the direction of its length so
that it may be geared with either of the shafts Q3 Q4; it is retained in its two
positions of adjustment by latches Q8 Q9 each adapted to engage with one of the
collars Q10 secured on the shaft Q7. The latches Q8 Q9 are pivoted to the
brackets A 11 and are adapted to be operated upon by the upper ends of two
frames Q11 Q12 pivoted at the lower ends as at A 13 to the machine base A.
Each of the swinging frames Q11 Q12 at its upper part carries a rod ? on which
is loosely mounted a roller Q 13 capable of moving in the direction of its axis of
rotation and each roller Q 13 fits between the two flanges of one of the spools Q1 Q2
and bears against the ribbon thereon under the influence of a conveniently-forked
spring 14 which presses at its forked end against the adjacent one of the
collars Q10. The springs 14 are secured at their lower ends each to one of the
swinging frames Q Q 12. The operation of this part of the mechanism is as
follows; Supposing for example the ribbon Q is being wound on to the spool Q2
and off the spool Q¹ the shaft Q7 then being retained in gear with the spool
shaft Q4 by the engagement of the latch Q 9 with the adjacent collar Q10, then,
as the ribbon accumulates on the spool Q2 the roller Q 13 bearing against it and
the frame Q11 carrying this roller will be gradually moved farther away from the
shaft Q4, the spring Q 14 of the frame Q11 bearing with gradually increasing
pressure against the collar Q10 appertaining thereto. This continues until the
inclined end or cam Q 15 of the fraine Q 11 is moved sufficiently far beneath the
latch Q9 to raise it clear of the collar Q10 when the then-energised spring Q 14
bearing against this collar pushes the shaft Q7 longitudinally so as to disengage it
from the spool shaft Q4 and throw it into gear with the spool shaft Q3 the
latch Q8 then falling behind the adjacent collar Q10 and maintaining the mechanism
in this position of adjustment, the direction of travel of the ribbon Q being thus
automatically reversed while the shaft Q7 is rotated by the mechanism hereinafter
described always in the same direction. As soon as the spool Q becomes full the
operation last described is reversed the shaft Q7 being automatically thrown out
of gear with the spool shaft Q 3 and into gear with the spool shaft Q 4.
The mechanism for rotating the shaft Q7 is similar to that hitherto used for the
purpose and comprises a bevel toothed wheel Q 16 engaged with the shaft Q7 by
means of a feather and key way or equivalent so that the shaft may be moved
independently of it only in the direction of the axis of rotation, the bevel wheel Q 16
being itself prevented from moving in the direction of its axis by the two bracket
bearings A 12 between which it is adapted to rotate. The wheel Q 16 gears with
a wheel Q 17 which, together with a ratchet wheel Q18 is mounted loosely, as by
means of a screw Q19 on one end of a horizontal shaft R free to rotate in
bearings A 14 extending downwards from the table A 2. On this shaft R is also
loosely mounted a snail or partial drum R' to whose periphery is attached one end
of a strap or equivalent R2, whose other end is attached conveniently to the
before mentioned eyes or lugs M2 of the frame M' carrying the escapement
rack M. The partial drum R' which for convenience is hereinafter called the
snail corresponds as usually with (or is in the form of) a spiral and to it is attached
one end of the paper-carriage spring R 3 whose other end is secured to the shaft R,
a disc R4 being preferably secured to the snail R¹ to hide the spring R 3 from
view and thereby improve the appearance of the machine at this particular
part.
The snail R' has pivotted to it a spring-controlled pawl R which engages with
the ratchet wheel Q18 when the paper-carriage F, is moving forward but slips
over the teeth of this wheel when the paper-carriage F is moved backwards,
towards the position necessary for commencing a new line of printing a detent q'
then preventing any backward movement of the ratchet wheel Q 18 all as in other
type-writing machines of well-known construction and for the same purpose. Оп
the rearward extremity of the shaft R is rigidly secured a ratchet wheel R6

page_text: preferably provided with a handle R 7 for enabling it to be conveniently rotated
for regulating the tension of the spring R3 and with this wheel R 6 engages the
double pawl or escapement pallet R8 also provided with a handle R 9 for
convenience of operation.
Supposing the tension of the spring R 3 is too great it may be gradually reduced
by alternately moving the handle R 9 nearer to and farther from the shaft R the
ratchet wheel R 6 by this operation being released one tooth at each such
complete reciprocation, under the action of the spring R3. The tension of this
spring R 3 when necessary may be increased by rotating the ratchet wheel R 6 in
the direction indicated by the arrow r in Figure 4 the pallet R8 freely admitting
of the rotation in this direction and retaining the wheel R6 in any position in
which it may be left by the operator.
For automatically causing the ribbon to be moved in the direction of its width
there is provided a frame comprising two approximately vertical arms S and a
horizontal bar S¹ connecting said arms, pivotted at its lower part as at S2 to the
machine base A. The two arms S of the frame, which for convenience as a whole
is hereinafter referred to by the letter S, terminate at their upper ends in partly
spherical heads $3 which engage with grooves Q20 formed one in each of the
before mentioned rollers Q 13; or each of the rollers may be formed of two
separate parts both secured upon the same sleeve at a distance apart corresponding
or approximately so with the diameter of the head S 3 between them. One of the
swinging frames Q11 Q12 (in the example illustrated it is the frame Q 12) is
provided with a rod Q 21 on which is pirotted a pawl S4 adapted to engage with
the teeth of a 66
crown ratchet wheel S 5 secured on the upper end of a vertical
spindle S 6 journalled in the base A. On this spindle is secured an eccentric $7
which rotates between the two arms of a fork or yoke S8 rigidly secured to the
adjacent vertical arm of the frame S.
"
The operation of the last described mechanism is as follows:-
As the frame Q12 is moved on its pivot A 13 by the gradual accumulation of
the ribbon on the spool Q as before explained, the pawl S 4 rotates the ratchet
wheel S5 and eccentric S 7 and this latter through the yoke S8 causes the
frame S to turn on its pivot S2 and through the heads S3 move the rollers Q 13
along the rods 9 and as these rollers engage with the flanges of the ribbon
spools Q1 Q2 these latter are also moved on their shafts Q3 Q4 so that the
ribbon is automatically shifted edgewise in reciprocations of long period whereby
the wear caused by the action of the types is uniformly distributed throughout its
width. The direction of the edgewise adjustment of the ribbon Q at any given
time depends upon the position the eccentric S7 may happen to occupy relatively
to the yoke S 8 at the moment it commences to operate the latter. The pawl $4
if desired may be rendered inoperative by turning it on the rod Q 21 into a position
such as shown in dotted lines in Figure 2.
In the example illustrated in the drawings there is shown only one device for
shifting the ink-ribbon laterally this being operated on by the gradual accumulation
of the ribbon only one of the ribbon spools and rendered inoperative when by the
travel of the ribbon being reversed it is unwound from that spool, it will however
readily be seen that two such devices may be employed if the two eccentrics of
these devices be connected together so as to cause them to rotate in proper
relationship to each other.
To enable the ribbon Q to be conveniently removed from and placed in the
machine without having to unwind it from either spool, I provide in the table A
two shaped recesses A 15 A 16 the portion A 15 of each being that in which the
ribbon is usually located and the portion A 16 that through which the ribbon may
readily be passed for removing it from or placing it in the machine. By means
of the recesses A 15 A 16 it is rendered unnecessary to thread the ribbon endwise
through any part of the machine as is usually necessary in the arrangements
hitherto adopted.
The platen frame I is provided with a scale bar 18 which is located immediately

page_text: above and conveniently secured to the before described rod 1' an index or pointer I'
acting in conjunction with this scale serving to indicate the particular part of
another scale bar 110 adjacent to which the next or any other particular character
will be printed.
A second pointer I" serves for facilitating the comparisons
between the two scales, the scale I10 being brought adjacent to it when the platen E
and platen frame I are turned about the axis of the platen by depressing a key
lever B 6 as before described. The scale bar 110 is secured at its ends to the end
plates II of the platen frame and two paper guides I" one adjacent to each end
of the platen E extend between and are screwed to the two scale bars 18 [1º.
the back of the scale bars 10 is provided a preferably rubber covered roller T
which is drawn firmly against the platen by two helical springs T' which act
directly on the spindle of said roller, this spindle being guided in recesses or open
bearings in the plates I I¹.
At
At the front of the table A. 2 there is secured a rack bar U having two sets u u¹
of ratchet teeth facing in opposite directions and having depicted on its upper
surface a scale corresponding with the markings on the before described scale
bars 18 10. On this bar U to which the previously mentioned pointers 1 1" are
conveniently secured there are fitted two movable collars or sleeves U¹ U 2
(constituting respectively a margin stop and bell-trip) each provided with a spring
controlled detent U 3 adapted, that of the sleeve U₁ to engage with the ratchet
teeth and that of the sleeve U2 to engage with the ratchet teeth '. The
sleeve or margin stop U1 may be adjusted to any position on the part of the bar U
which is provided with the ratchet teeth u and correspondingly the sleeve or bell-
trip U2 may be adjusted to any position on the part of the bar U which is
provided with the ratchet teeth u. On the front of the paper carriage frame F
there are pivotted two pawls or catches U4 U 5 the former of which is adapted to
engage with the margin stop U₁ when the paper carriage, after a line of printing
has been completed, is moved back to its starting position; any further backward
movement of the carriage being thereby prevented. The pawl or catch U 5
engages with the bell-trip U2 shortly before the end of a line of printing is
reached and it swings the bell-hammer U6 away from the bell so that under the
influence of the spring U 7 the hammer will be propelled against the bell E3 when
the catch U5 by having passed completely over the bell trip U2 is allowed to
resume its normal position as shown in Figure 6. When the paper carriage is
moved back to its starting position the catch U5 is swung aside in passing over
the bell trip U2 and resumes its normal position as soon as it has completely passed
over said bell-trip.
The margin stop U' and bell trip U 2 are adjusted on the bar U in accordance
with the width of margin and length of lines of printing required, the scale
indicated on the bar U determining the positions of adjustment.
The before described type writing machine may be modified in many of its
details without departing from the spirit of the invention, as an example of which
there is shown in Figure 7 an alternative form of the before described line-spacing
mechanism. In this device there are present many of the elements of the previously
described device illustrated in Figure 6, but in this example they are differently
arranged. Where in this example the elements are similar to, or fulfil similar
functions to corresponding elements of Figure 6 these elements in both figures are
referred to by the same letters. The wheel E4 in Figure 7 is of the ordinary
ratchet form and the pawl E5 engaging therewith is of hook form and engages
with the back of the wheel E4 instead of as in Figure 6 with the front of it.
This pawl E5 is pivotted to the rear end of the lever arm E7 itself pivotted
at F 12 to the paper-carriage frame. The lever arm E 7 is formed in one piece
with the arm E11 which the operator grasps in order to move the paper carriage
to its starting position. The lever arm E7 or lever E 7 E11 is acted on by a
spring E8 (in this example conveniently a blade spring) which tends always to
raise its rear end and the pawl E5 is acted on by a spring E9 which tends to
hold said pawl always in engagement with the wheel E 4. On the pawl E 5. is

page_text: provided a projection or cam E 22 adapted to bear against a stud or equivalent I*
rigidly secured to the frame F when the pawl is in its highest position so that it
may be then disengaged from the wheel E 4. The lever E 7 E11 has formed in
part with it a third arm E 14 in the upper end of which is fitted a line spacing
gauge E 15 of similar construction to that shown in Figure 6 the only difference
being that here it is substantially horizontal whereas in Figure 6 it is substantially
vertical. The operative end of the gauge E 15 is adapted to bear an arm E 23
formed in one piece with the spring controlled detent arm E 12 which in this
example as in Figure 6 is pivotted to the plate I.
It will be seen that by the last described device the platen, after it has been
rotated by the operation of the lever E7 E 11 to the limit determined by the
previous adjustment of the gauge E 15 is securely locked against further_rotation
by a continuance of the same stroke of the lever, by reason of the detent E 6 being
firmly pressed (by the gauge E 15 and arms E-23 E 12 into engagement with the
teeth of the wheel E 4.
By removing the pivot screws F 3 the paper carriage together with all the
accessories mounted thereon may be readily removed from the machine leaving
the escapement rack M in situ and in engagement with the dogs L 6 L 7.
When it is desired to remove the platen E and platen frame I from the paper
carriage all that is necessary is to depress the front ends of the arms F 5 draw
the platen and frame forward to release the spindle E 2 from the lugs F and then
move them end wise first in one direction so as to disengage the plate I from one
of the pins or studs J' and then in the opposite direction to disengage it from the
other of the studs J¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is ;-
1. In a type writing machine rotating the platen by the operation of a device
located in the key-board.
2. Rotating the paper platen (for the purpose of exposing the writing) by a
lever or other means independent of the paper carriage.
3. In a type writing machine rotating the platen and paper feed about the axis
of the platen by the operation of a device independent of the paper carriage.
4. In a type writing machine the employment in combination with the platen
and paper feed and a device independent of the paper carriage for rotating the
said parts of mechanism for locking these parts in their operative or printing
position released by the same operation of the said device as that which effects the
rotation of the platen and paper feed.
5. In a type writing machine the combination with a platen frame such as I
capable of rotating about the axis of the platen of a paper table such as J pivoted
to it and devices such as arms J2 rod K hooked rod K 10 K 11 frame K 12
link K 16 and key lever B 6 for rotating it from the key board substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In a type writing machine the combination with a platen frame such as I
capable of rotating about the axis of the platen of devices such as a stud J' bell-
crank lever K 6 K 7 k frame K K 4 hooked rod K 10 K 11 frame K 12 link K 16
and key lever B6 for releasing the platen frame or allowing it to be locked
from the keyboard substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
7. In a type writing machine the combination with a platen frame such as I
capable of rotating about the axis of the platen of tappets such as K 3 and devices
such as claimed in Claims 5 and 6 all for manipulating the releasing locking and
rotation of frame from the key board substantially as described.
8. In a type writing machine pivoting two type-bars or levers in the same
bracket or hanger.
9. In a type writing machine the combination with two type bars or levers of a

page_text: hanger such as D in which the spindles or pivots of both type bars are pivoted and
capable of adjustment each independently of the other.
10. In a type writing machine a line spacing gauge such as E 15 the stem of
which is cut away at certain parts in such manner that when it is turned on its
nxis into different positions a line spacing lever or arm such as E 7 will be allowed a
greater or less amplitude of motion substantially as described.
11. In a type writing machine the combination with an adjustable line spacing
gauge comprising a stem such as E 15 E 18 E 19 and head such as E 16 or other
means for rotating it of recesses E 21 and a spring-controlled stop or check pin
such as E 20 adapted to engage with the recesses substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
12. In a type writing machine the combination with the escapement rack on the
paper carriage of a bell crank lever such as L4 L5 pivoted to the fixed framing of
the machine a spring controlled dog such as L6 pivoted to the lever L4 L5 a
spring-controlled dog such as L 7 pivoted to the dog L6 and stop for restricting
the movement of each part relatively to the other parts substantially as described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
13. In a type writing machine the combination with the escapement rack capable
by the operation of a lever or lever frame such as M 7 of being raised out of
engagement with the escapement dogs of a pawl such as M 11 and accounting
rack N N N 3 substantially as and operating in the manner and for the purpose
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
14. In a type writing machine the combination with a bail or frame such as L'
operated by the type-operating key levers of a headed pin such as 03 O' in positive
connection and operating with it and an arm or projection on the paper carriage
to engage with the headed pin so as to prevent the operation of the frame
and key levers substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
15. In a type writing machine the combination with a bail or frame such as L'
operated by the type-operating key levers and a headed pin such as 0 0 in
operative connection with it of a spring controlled pivoted arm such as O'
adapted to be moved into engagement with the pin 0' 0 by the paper carriage
substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
16. In a type writing machine the combination with a bail or frame such as L¹
a headed pin such as 03 04 in operative connection with it and a spring controlled
pivoted arm such as O the last named having on it a pin or projection O' all
mounted in or on the fixed portion of the framing of a plate or projection such
as 08 movably and adjustably supported on the paper carriage and adapted to
engage the pin O' for engaging the arm 0s with the pin O' O and to be moved
aside from its engaging or normal position so as to release the pin O' and allow
the arm O' to disengage the pin O'O substantially as and for the purpose described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
17. In a type writing machine in which the paper-carriage and platen are
laterally adjustable for the bringing into operation of different sets of types the
combination with devices such as L' 00' 03 07 for locking the key board when
a line of printing is reached or approached of a slotted plate or projection such
as 001 mounted on the paper carriage substantiaily as and operating in the
manner and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
18. In a type writing machine releasing the key-board lock from the
keyboard.
19. In a type writing machine releasing the keyboard lock by mechanism
operated at the keyboard substantially as described.
20. In a type writing machine mounting the escapement rack on a frame or
device to and from which the paper carriage is readily attached and detached

page_text: the rack remaining in engagement with the escapement dogs during both these
⚫operations.
21. In a type writing machine an escapement rack to which the paper carriage
is detachably connected the rack remaining upon the machine and in engagement
with the escapement dogs when the paper carriage is removed.
22. In a type writing machine the combination with the paper carriage of a
'frame such as F on which the escapement rack is mounted and to which the
paper carriage is secured and from which the paper carriage may be readily
detached while leaving the escapement rack in situ and undisturbed substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
23. In a type writing machine the combination with two ribbon spools bevel
wheels Q5 on their shafts and a shaft Q7 rotated always in the same direction and
carrying two bevel wheels Q6 adapted to be engaged with and disengaged from the
wheels Q5 of devices such as rollers Q13 frames Q11 Q12 cams Q 15 springs Q14
collars 10 and latches Q8 Q9 for automatically causing the engagement and
disengagement of these wheels all operating substantially as described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
as
24. In a type writing machine the combination with two ribbon spools both
longitudinally adjustable on their shafts of devices such
grooved
roller Q13Q 20 pivoted frame Q 12 pawl S4 ratchet wheel S 5 eccentric S7
yoke S 6 and pivoted frame S and heads $ 3 for automatically moving the ink ribbon
laterally or edgewise substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
25. In a type writing machine the employment in combination with a ribbon
spool of mechanism comprising a roller adapted to be moved outwards from the
axis of the spool by the gradual accumulation of the ribbon thereon and an
eccentric or cam for causing the motion thus obtained to be transferred to the.
spool to move it in the direction of its axis of rotation.
26. In a type writing machine such as described the employment in combination
of recesses such as A 15 and A 16 substantially as and for the purpose described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
27. In a type writing machine the combination with the platen of a paper
guide such as 1 adjustable in relation thereto and comprising three main
parts such i2 and a roller I the parts i i¹ being adjustable in relation to
each other substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
28. In a type writing machine the combination with a rack or bar such as U
having teeth uu¹ facing in opposite directions of an adjustable margin stop adapted
to engage with the teeth facing in one direction and an adjustable bell trip adapted
to engage the teeth facing in the other direction substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of March 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.