Improvements in means for and Appliances Used in the Sharpening and Calking of Horses' Shoes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 15th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 16th Dec., 1887
Improvements in means for and Appliances Used in the Sharpening
and Calking of Horses' Shoes.
I GEORGE THOMSON of Crompton Fold Shaw, in the County of Lancaster, mechanic,
do hereby declaro the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates principally to the so termed sharpening of horses that is to say
to the method and means whereby their shoes are rendered less liable to slip upon ice
or snow. Previously to my invention in the method most commonly employed for the
purpose tapering chisel edged studs have been screwed into tapped holes which have
been formed in the shoes. These studs owing to their angular formation and to the
chisel edges with which they terminate are liable to become loose by the natural action
of the horses foot or by striking against hard objects or by other means and also the
studs are liable to break off at the shoulder. The use of such studs is also attended
with other disadvantages. In lieu of these studs I use conically shaped studs which are
adapted to be screwed into place by means of a special key. The improved stud is
formed with a screwed shank as in the case of the old stud but the base of the cone is
considerably larger in diameter than such shank and at the said base is formed a square
shoulder which abuts upon the shoe when the stud is screwed home whereby the shank
is better supported against breaking strains. In the stud a groove is formed and a key
formed with a conically shaped recess and with a projection to fit the said groove is
employed to screw home and remove the studs. The said groove is preferably of
rectangular formation so that the said projection can take hold of the sides. If pre-
ferred there may be more than one groove. The key can be slipped on to the conical
stud very readily as it finds its place at once so that the stud can be more quickly
inserted a facility which is especially useful in the case of a restive horse. I also use
studs modified in form in lieu of ordinary calks. For this purpose I prefer to employ
cylindrical studs or studs formed as truncated cones such studs being grooved as in the
case of the sharpening studs. The term horse as herein used is not intended to exclude
asses and ponies.
1
1
T
1007
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for and Appliances Used in the Sharpening
and Calking of Horses' Shoes.
I GEORGE THOMSON of Crompton Fold, Shaw, in the County of Lancaster,
mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
samo is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying drawings :-
My Invention relates principally to the so termed sharpening of horses shoes that is
to say to the method and means whereby their shoes are rendered less liable to slip
upon ice, wood, snow or other slippery surfaces. Previously to my invention, in the
method most commonly employed for the purpose, tapering chisel edged studs have
been screwed into tapped holes which have been formed in the shoes. These studs
owing to their angular formation and to the chisel edges with which they terminate,
are liable to become loose by the natural action of the horses foot or by striking against
hard objects or by other means; and also the studs are liable to break off at the
shoulder. The use of such studs is also attended with other disadvantages. In lieu of
these studs I use conically shaped studs which are adapted to be screwed into place by
means of a special key. I also use studs of a cylindrical or conical form in place of
the ordinary calks.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I will now proceed
more particularly to describe the same reference being had to the annexed sheet of
illustrative drawings.
Fig. 1. is a view from the front, of a horse shoe to which my improved non-slipping
or sharpening conical studs are shown applied.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the lower side of Fig. 1.
In the said drawings the horse shoe A is shown fitted with the improved conical
sharpening stud a at two points, namely in front and on one side of the back where
the ordinary calks are usually situated. On the opposite side is illustrated the applica-
tion of my improved removable calk b. It will be understood that the shoe A may be
fitted with three of the conical sharpening studs a or with one such conical stud in
front and two calks b at the back or it might be in some instances with two studs a
and one calk 6 as shown in the drawings or with a greater number of studs than as
shown in the drawings. The improved conical stud a is formed with a scrowed
shank a¹ and is formed with a flat shoulder which abuts upon the shoo when the stud
is screwed home as seen more clearly in the enlarged view Fig. 3. The breadth of the
base is calculated to support the screwed shank under breaking strains better than in
the case of the studs heretofore in use. As clearly seen in the drawings the sharpening
stud a (which is illustrated in side elevation and screwed into the shoc at Fig. 3; in plan
looking at the apex of the cone in Fig. 4 and in plan looking on the top of the screwed
shank a¹ in Fig. 5) is conical in form except at the base where the collar or shoulder is
formed. As the cone presents no flat sides or corners the studs do not become easily

page_text: loosened by striking against obstacles or by the motions of the animal's hoof. To
facilitate the fixing of the studs in the shoe a recess or groovo-c is formed in the stud a..
and I provide a special box key which is separately shown at Figs. 6 and 7 of the
drawings the handle being shown broken off for want of space in the sheet. The
central boss d of the key is made so as to be available for screwing in both the conical
studs a and the cylindrical calks b one of the ends e of the boss being made to fit the
studs a and the other end to fit tho calks b. As shown by the side view.Fig. 7 each
of the recesses in the boss d is fitted or formed with a key g which fits the recess or
groove c in the studs or calks. The side view Fig. 7 shows the end e of the boss d
which is intended to fit the conical studs a. Although the recesses c in the studs and calks
and the corresponding keys g are shown rectangular in formation that being the best
form, they may be of any other suitable shapo and more than one such recess or groove c
may be formed in the studs and calks. In the case of the conical studs the key can be
very readily slipped into position the cone acting as a guide so that the stud can be
quickly inserted which is of advantage in the case of a restive horse. When the
calks b are made cylindrical as shown in the drawing the boss of the key might be
made with a conical mouth in front of the cylindrical opening at the end ƒ so as to
guide the key on to the cylindrical calk. The calks may however be made as truncated
cones and formed with a recess or groove to facilitate their being screwed home as in
the case of the conical sharpening studs a. In the case of the horse shoe shown in the
drawings the shoe is secured to the hoof in the ordinary manner by nails driven through
the holes h. My improved sharpening studs and calks are applicable to shoes worn by
horses or other beasts of draught or burden. The studs and calks might be screwed
into the shoe by means other than the key hereinbefore described or the form of the
said key might be modified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) In shoes of the indicated nature the conical sharpening studs a having a flat
base and screwed shank for screwing into the shoe substantially as described and
shown.
(2) In shoes of the indicated nature the conical sharpening studs a having a flat
base and screwed shank for attaching the stud to the shoe, and also a groove or recess c
to enable the stud to be screwed firmly into the shoe by means of the key hereinbefore
set forth or by means of an instrument equivalent to or a modification of the said key
substantially as herein before described.and shown.
(3) The cylindrical calk 6 or a calk in the form of a truncated cone having a flat base
and a screwed shank for attaching the calk to the shoo and either with or without
the groove or recess c. for facilitating the attachment of the calk to the shoe by means
of the indicated key or equivalent instrument, substantially as described and shown.
(4) The box key illustrated at-Figs. 6 and 7 and adapted to engage with the studs a
and calks 6 for the purpose of screwing them to the shoe, substantially as herein before
described and shown.
DL: with If Namba 1007
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.