IM- PROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes and
Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS." A communication from abroad by Charles
Benedict, of Waterbury, County of New Haven, State of Connecticut, United
States of America.
Sealed the 8th July 1879, and dated the 9th January 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1879.
"
EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS." A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Benedict, of Waterbury, County of New Haven,
State of Connecticut, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improvement in that class of lamp burners designed
to burn kerosene and similar oils.
While particularly adapted to burners having an oblong deflector, parts of the
Invention are applicable to lamp burners generally.
In the usual construction of this class of burners the deflector is made circular in
its horizontal plane, and other parts of the burner alike circular in form, and all the
parts concentric one with the other.
It is now a well known fact that a better result is produced by making the
deflector oblong in the direction of the flame slit, that is to say, narrower across the
slit than longitudinally, because by such shape the air is better concentrated on the
fame throughout its width. For successfully using such a deflector correspondingly
shaped air distributer is necessary, and to combine these two a chimney rest has
been made, also of such corresponding or oblong shape that the air might be equally
distributed in the chimney and prevent the forming of eddies in the air within the
chimney and consequent flickering of the flame. Such shaped chimneys are difficult
to produce with that uniformity necessary to universally fit the chimney rest, the
round base chimney being unquestionably the best shape, because it can be perfectly
made, uniform in the size, and consequently fitting any burner to which it is adapted.
The object of this Invention is to adapt an oblong burner to successfully use a
round base chimney, and the Invention consists in the combination and details of
construction as hereinafter described. On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,

page_text: Fig. 1 is a side view of the improved lamp burner; Fig. 2, the same turned one
fourth round; Fig. 3, top view; Fig. 4, longitudinal section; Fig. 5, transverse
section; Fig. 6, the underside, looking up; Figs. 7, 8, & 9, details of con-
struction.
A is the chimney rest or gallery on which the chimney is supported, circular in
form, and provided with the usual means for securing a circular base chimney
thereon.
On the upper side of this chimney rest is the deflector B, which is oblong in form,
as seen in Fig. 3, and may be attached to or made a part of the disc which forms
the chimney rest. The deflector is constructed with the usual plain slit C. The
chimney rest is hinged to the perforated air distributer D, as at a.
The air distri-
buter is of an oblong shape corresponding to that of the deflector, and the hinge a
is arranged at one end of the air distributer. The air distributer is attached to the
base E of the burner in which the wick tube F and the adjuster H are arranged in
the usual manner.
This oblong shape of the air distributer and deflector leaves a space d in the
circular chimney rest at each sido, as seen in Fig. 6; this space is perforated so as to
allow free admission of air directly to the chimney into the space between the
chimney and the sides of the deflector, this spaco being very much larger than that
at the ends of the deflector, and little if any air admitted directly at the ends, the
larger space will be amply filled by the inflowing air, and proportionately strong
and direct currents which will avoid the eddies or irregular flow of air which pro-
duces a flicker in burners as usually constructed, and the flow of air thus produced
is fully as equal and regular as when the chimney base is made of an oblong shape
corresponding to the deflector, which produces an equal space between the chimney
and deflector at all points, and thus enable the uso of a round base chimney with
an oblong deflector and air distributer whereby difficulties of the oblong shaped
chimney base are avoided.
It will be understood that the burner is provided with the usual device for
locking the chimney rest to the base when closed, and allow of its being turned
away on its hinge for the purpose of trimming the wick. The binge arranged at
the end, as before described, allows the chimney rest with the chimney to be turned
far enough away to make the trimming of the wick convenient; whereas if hinged
at one side, the circular chimney rest would strike the air distributer or portion of
the burner below, and prevent such full opening of the burner as necessary for
properly trimming the wick.
As the chimney rest will unavoidably be used as the instrument for screwing or
unscrewing the burner from the lamp socket, the strain upon the hinge would be
too great; therefore to provide against such strain on the hinge, a rib or shoulder e
is formed on the under side of the chimney rest parallel to the sides of the air
distributer, and so as to take a bearing on the air distributer and couple the two
together, so that the strain in attaching the burner to or removing it from the lamp
is brought between the sides of the air distributer and the shoulder c.
The second part of this Invention relates to a new method of attaching the
deflector to the chimney rest.
In many cases the deflector is struck up from the deck. This necessitates the
annealing of the metal during its manufacture. In other cases the deffector has
been separate, and soldered to the gallery deck; this is liable to detachment from
the grent heat of the flame on the deflector; and in other cases the lower edge of
the deflector has been constructed with downward projecting spurs to pass through
corresponding perforators in the deck, and then bent down upon the under surface
of the deck. This is an unsatisfactory construction, particularly where the deflector
is considerably longer than its width, as it is very weak and liable to injury, beside
being expensive to put together. The object of this part of the Invention is to
overcome these difficulties, and at the same time strengthen the lower part of the
burner, and as shown in Figs. 4 & 7.
A represents the deck, which in this case is the chimney rest; B the deflector, its

page_text: general outline of usual form. Through the deck an aperture is made corresponding
to the shape of the deflector at its lower edge; near the lower edge of the deflector
a projecting rib a' is formed, or an outwardly projecting shoulder produced in the
deflector, extending entirely round the deflector, or may be at intervals, so as to
rest upon the upper surface of the deck around the aperture through which the
deflector is placed.
The extension of the metal below the shoulder, as a d, forms a flange of greater
depth than the thickness of the deck, so as to protrude through the aperture in
the deck when the two are set together, as indicated in broken lines, Fig. 7, then
by suitable dies or other device, the projecting edge d' is turned over onto the
under surface of the deck, as shewn in Fig. 1, firmly securing the two parts
together.
The formation of the shoulder around the deflector, and the turning of the flange
horizontally onto the under side very greatly strengthens the deflector as well as
the deck, and makes the construction very much stronger than by previous methods,
enabling the use of lightor metal, and a consequent lessening of the cost.
The third part of this Invention relates to a method of hinging the chimney rest
and in the method of securing the wick adjuster shown in Figs. 2, 4, 8, and 9.
In the construction of the air distributer a recess a³ is struck from the inside at
that point where the hinge a is to be attached, and the said recess corresponds to
the shape of one leaf of the hinge, and so as to form a seat into which the said leaf
will fit, as seen in Fig. 4, Fig. 2, shewing the external projection produced by the
said internal depression. The other leaf of the hinge is attached to the chimney
rest, both leaves being secured by solder or otherwise.
This recess a not only properly locates the hinge, but strengthens to a very great
extent that part of the burner in which it is made.
The upper edge n of that part where the depression is made forms a stop or rest
against which the chimney holder will strike when opened, as seen in broken
lines, Fig. 4.
The wick adjuster consists of the usual spindle H, with toothed wheels f, more or
less in number. That part of the wick tube F where the wick adjuster is located
is made of sufficient extent to receive the wheels within it, as seen in Figs. 8 and
9, and on that side opposite to which the wick is introduced one or more depres-
sions are made from the outside inward, forming a projection between the wheels,
and so that when the adjuster is located longitudinal movement of it is thereby
prevented.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
July 1879.
EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP BURNERS." A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Benedict, of Waterbury, County of New Haven,
State of Connecticut, United States of America.
This Invention relates to an improvement in that class of lamp burners designed
to burn kerosine and similar oils.
While particularly adapted to burners having an oblong deflector, parts of the
Invention are applicable to lamp burners generally.
In the usual construction of this class of burners the deflector is made circular on
its horizonal plane, and other parts of the burner alike circular in form, and all the
parts concentric one with the other.
It is now a well known fact that a better result is produced by making the
deflector oblong in the direction of the flame slit, that is to say, narrower across
the slit than longitudinally, because by such shape the air is better concentrated on
the flame throughout its width. For successfully using such a deflector correspond-
ingly shaped air distributer is necessary; and to combine these two a chimney rest
has been made, also of such corresponding or oblong shape that the air might be
equally distributed in the chimney and prevent the forming of eddies in the air
within the chimney and the consequent flickering of the flame. Such shaped
chimneys are difficult to produce with that uniformity necessary to universally fit
the chimney rest, the round base chimney being unquestionably the best shape,
because it can be perfectly made, uniform in its size, and consequently fitting any
burner to which it is adapted.
The object of this Invention is to adapt an oblong burner to successfully use a
round base chimney, and the Invention consists in the combination and details of
construction as bereinafter described and more particularly recited in the claims.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 is a side view; Fig. 2, the same
turned one fourth round; Fig. 3, top view; Fig. 4, longitudinal section; Fig. 5,
transverse section; Fig. 6, the underside, looking up; Figs. 7, 8, and 9, details of
construction.
A is the chimney rest or gallery on which the chimney is supported, circular in
form, and provided with the usual means for securing a circular base chimney
thereon. On the upper side of this chimney rest is the deflector B, which is oblong
in form, as seen in Fig. 3, and may be attached to or made a part of the disc which
forms the chimney rest. The deflector is constructed with the usual plain slit C.
The chimney rest is hinged to the perforated air distributer D, as at a. The air
distributer is of an oblong shape corresponding to that of the deflector, and the
hinge a is arranged at one end of the air distributer. The air distributer is attached
to the base E of the burner, in which the wick tube F and the adjuster H are
arranged in the usual manner.
This oblong shape of the air distributer and deflector leaves a space d in the
circular chimney rest at each side, as seen in Fig. 6. This space is perforated so as
to allow free admission of air directly to the chimney, into the space between the
chimney and the sides of the deflector; this space being very much larger than that
at the ends of the deflector, and little if any air admitted directly at the ends, the
larger space will be amply filled by the inflowing air, and proportionately strong
and direct currents, which will avoid the eddies or irregular flow of air, which pro-
duces a flicker in burners as usually constructed, and the flow of air thus produced
is fully as equal and regular as when the chimney base is made of an oblong shape
corresponding to the deflector, which produces an equal space between the chimney
and deflector at all points, and thus enable the use of a round base chimney with
an oblong deflector and air distributer where by difficulties of the oblong shaped
chimney base are avoided.

page_text: It will be understood thas the burner is provided with the usual device for locking
the chimney rest to the base when closed, and allow of its being turned away on its
hinge for the purpose of trimming the wick.
The hinge arranged at the end as before described allows the chimney rest with
the chimney to be turned far enough away to make the trimming of the wick con-
venient, whereas if hinged at one side the circular chimney rest would strike the
air distributer or portion of the burner below, and prevent such full opening of the
burner as necessary for properly trimming the wick.
As the chimney rest will unavoidably be used as the instrument for screwing or
unscrewing the burner from the lamp socket, the strain upon the hinge would be too
great therefore to provide against such strain on the hinge, a rib or shoulder e is
formed on the underside of the chimney rest parallel to the sides of the air dis-
tributer, and so as to take a bearing on the air distributer and couple the two
together, so that the strain in attaching the burner to or removing it from the lamp
is brought between the sides of the air distributer and the shoulder c.
The second part of this Invention relates to a new method of attaching the
deflector to the chimney rest.
In many cases the deflector is struck up from the 'deck. This necessitates the
annealing of the metal during its manufacture. In other cases the deflector has
been separate, and soldered to the gallory deck; this is liable to detachment from
the great heat of the flame on the deflector, and in other cases the lower edge of
the deflector has been constructed with downward projecting spurs to pass through
corresponding perforations in the deck, and then bent down upon the under surface
of the deck. This is an unsatisfactory construction, particularly where the deflector
is considerably longer than its width, as it is very weak and liable to injury, besido
being expensive to put together.
The object of this part of the Invention is to overcome these difficulties, and at
the same time strengthen the lower part of the burner, and as shown in Figs. 4
and 7.
A represents the deck, which in this case is the chimney rest; B, the deflector,
its general outline of usual form. Through the deck an aperture is made corre-
sponding to the shape of the deflector at its lower edge. Near the lower edge of
the deflector a projecting rib a¹ is formed, or an outwardly projecting shoulder
produced in the deflector, extending entirely round the deflector, or may be at
intervals, so as to rest upon the upper surface of the deck around the aperture
through which the deflector is placed. The extension of the metal below the
shoulder as at d' forms a flange of greater depth than the thickness of the deck, so
as to protrude through the aperture in the deck when the two are set together, as
indicated in broken lines, Fig. 7, then by suitable dies or other device the projecting
edge d' is turned over onto the under surface of the deck, as shown in Fig. 1,
firmly securing the two parts together.
The formation of the shoulder around the deflector and the turning of the flange
horizontally onto the under side very greatly strengthens the deflector as well as
the deck, and makes the construction very much stronger than by previous
methods, enabling the use of lighter metal, and a consequent lessening of the
cost.
The third part of this Invention relates to a method of hinging the chimney
rest, and in the method of securing the wick adjuster, shown in Figs. 2, 4, 8,
and 9.
In the construction of the air distributer a recess a² is struck from the inside at
that point where the hinge a is to be attached, and the said recess corresponds to
the shape of one leaf of the hinge, and so as to form a seat into which the said leaf
will fit, as seen in Fig. 4, Fig. 2 showing the external projection produced by the
said internal depression. The other leaf of the hinge is attached to the chimney
rest, both leaves being secured by solder or otherwise.
This recess a not only properly locates the hinge, but strengthens to a very great
extent that part of the burner in which it is made.

page_text: The upper edge n of that part where the depression is made forms a stop or rest
against which the chimney holder will strike when opened, as seen in broken lines,
Fig. 4.
The wick or adjuster consists of the usual spindle H with toothed wheels f more or
less in number. That part of the wick tube F where the wick adjuster is located
is made of sufficient extent to receive the wheels f within it, as seen in Figs. 8
and 9, and on that side opposite to which the wick is introduced one or more
depressions are made from the outside inward, forming a projection between the
wheels, and so that when the adjuster is located longitudinal movement of it is
thereby prevented.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect,
I would observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The combination in a lamp-burner of the circular chimney rest provided
with means for attaching the chimney thereto, an oblong deflector and a corre-
sponding oblong air distributer, substantially as described.
Second. The combination in a lamp-burner of the circular chimney rest, provided
with means for attaching the chimney thereto, an oblong deflector, and a corre-
sponding oblong air distributer, the said chimney rest perforated at the long sides
of the deflector, so as to make increased air inlet at the said sides, substantially as
described.
Third. The combination in a lamp burner of the circular chimney rest, provided
with means for attaching the chimney thereto, an oblong deflector, and a corre-
sponding oblong air distributer, the said chimney rest hinged to the said air
distributer at one end, and provided with fastening device at the opposite end,
substantially as described.
Fourth. The combination in a lamp burner of the circular chimney rest, provided
with means for attaching the chimney thereto, an oblong deflector and a corre-
sponding oblong air distributer, the said chimney rest hinged to the said air
distributer at one end, and provided with fastening device and shoulder on the
said chimney rest to engage with the sides of the air distributer, substantially as
described.
Fifth. In a lamp burner the deck constructed with an aperture to receive the
deflector, combined with the deflector constructed with a shoulder near its lower
edge to rest on the upper surface of the deflector, and an extension or flange below
turned upon the underside of the deck, substantially as described.
Sixth. In a lamp burner in which the chimney holder is hinged to the air
distributer or body, the said body constructed with a recess upon the inside cor-
responding to and so as to receive one leaf of the hinge and the upper edge of said
recess projecting to form a stop for the chimney holder in opening, substantially as
described.
Seventh. In a lamp burner the wick tube constructed with one or more depres-
sions from the outside, and so as to form internal projections in said tube between
the wheels of the wick adjuster, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand oight hundred and seventy nine.