IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POLISHING WHEELS, STICKS. AND TOOLS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newtown, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
nan, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
POLISHING WHEELS, STICKS. AND TOOLS."-A communication from abroad
by Thomas J. Mayall, of Roxbury, in the County of Norfolk, and State
of Missachusetts United States of liarming
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the
15th June 1859.
I; ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Inveution for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
POLISHING WHEELS, STICKS, AND TOOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of polishing surfaces by the use of
gritty compounds that possess tenacity and flexibility. In preparing this
compound it is preferred to use emery as the polishing substance; but
powdered glass, fine sand, or other suitable grit may be employed if desired.
The emery reduced to powder it is proposed to incorporate with a mixture
of india-rubber and sulphur (prepared in the proportions used for making
the hard rubber compound), tempered with olive oil to increase its elasticity
Paire 1

page_text: and toughness when hardened. Or, in place of india-rubber, it is proposed to
use gutta percha purified from the oil with which it is found combined in
nature. The compound of gum, sulphur, and grit after being intimately
mixed is placed in iron moulds of any suitable shape, and subjected to heat to
effect the hardening of the compound. This preparation may be moulded into
the form of wheels, sticks, or tools of various shapes; or it may be used
merely as a covering for polishing tools.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, T, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting..
1.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second
year of Her reign, did, for. Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POLISHING WHEELS,
STICKS, AND TOOLS," being a communication from abroad by Thomas J. Mayall,
of Roxbury, in the County of Norfolk, and State of Massachusetts, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the

page_text: following statement,,reference being had to the Drawing.. hereunto annexed,
and to the letters, and figures marked 'thereon (that is to say):
.
This Invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent relates
to the preparation of polishing- surfaces by the use of gritty compounds
possessing the qualities of tenacity and flexibility. In preparing such
compounds it is preferred to use emery as the polishing substance; but
powdered glass, fine sand, or other suitable grit may be employed if desired.
The emery reduced to powder is incorporated with a mixture of india-rubber
or gutta percha, and sulphur, and this compound is tempered with olive oil to
ensure elasticity and toughness, after being subjected to the hardening process.
This preparation may be moulded into the form of wheels, sticks, or tools of
various shapes, or it may be used merely as a covering for polishing tools.: .
The following are the details of the process-To about 15 lbs. of emery
reduced to fine powder, or its equivalent grit, add 1 lb. of india-rubber or
gutta, percha and 5 ounces of sulphur,and mix the same together in a suitable
masticating apparatus. When thoroughly combined, place the composition
thus formed in metallic moulds, and submit it to great pressure therein, after
which, subject the filled moulds, to a temperature of from 260°. to, 300°
Fahrenheit for from fifteen minutes to four hours... It should be remarked,
that the effect of the compression is to expedite the heating or curing
operation. As the composition by this treatment becomes hard, and durable,
it permits of being moulded into polishing tools, and although emery forms the
principal ingredient, yet it is. so, firmly held by and incorporated with the
india-rubber or gutta percha as to remove all liability, of the composition
crumbling. The form or shape of the tools into which the compound is to be
converted may of course be endlessly varied, to suit the work to which they
are to be applied, by using moulds of different forms in which to cast the tools.
In order to ensure the elasticity and toughness in the maufactured compound,
or after the composition has undergone the curing operation, olive oil is to be
added to the mixture of materials while in the green or uncured state, in the
proportion of lb. of olive oil to the quantities of rubber, sulphur, and emery
above named, and well mixed therewith.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn at Fig. 1'a straight emery
stick in perspective view; and at Fig. 2 a bent stick or polishing tool, to
illustrate the forms into which the compound may be moulded; Fig. 3
represents a polishing wheel fitted to a spindle. These tools may becomposed
of the polishing compound throughout, or they may have a wooden or other
base, and be merely coated with the hardened compound,either before or after
it has been'subjected to the curing operation. To enable workmen to re-cover

page_text: their polishing wheels, sticks, and other tools when worn, it is found con-
venient to prepare the compound in sheets. This may be effected by rolling
out the compound and cementing it by means of india-rubber or gutta percha
cement to sheets of cloth, paper, or other suitable backing, and afterwards
curing the same by heat. In order to cure the sheets of composition thus
formed, they are placed between metallic plates, and then subjected to a
temperature of from 260° to 300° Fahrenheit, for from one to four hours.
The metallic plates may be heated by a steam jacket or otherwise, and put
under pressure or not, as may be desired. When a strong mechanical pressure,
and also a high pressure of steam is employed, the curing may be effected in
fifteen minutes. The proportions of the above described composition may be
varied, as, for instance, a much larger quantity of emery or sand in proportion
to the other ingredients can be used; or the oil which imparts toughness and
flexibility to the compound may in some cases be omitted. Any desired
thickness of sheet can be made; and any of the different grades of emery may
be used according to the nature of the work to which the manufactured
compound is to be applied.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in the
Manufacture of Polishing Wheels, Sticks, and Tools," as communicated to
me from abroad, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent,
I claim preparing hard flexible compounds, as herein described, and applying
the same when in the green or soft state to the moulding of polishing wheels
and other tools, and when cured in the form of sheets to the coating or
covering of such tools.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane,
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)
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