Improvements in Levels, Plumb-rules, and Clinometers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1899-Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1899
Improvements in Levels, Plumb-rules, and Clinometers.
I, ERNST OSWALD WILTZSCH, of 12, Yägerstrasse, Bernsdorf b/, Chemnitz,
Germany, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
The object of this invention is a combined straight edge and clinometer
whereby the angle of inclination of any surface from either the true horizontal
or vertical can be readily measured. The instrument is also adapted for ascer-
taining if two surfaces forming an arris are at right angles to one another.
The annexed drawing shows, by way of example, one mode of carrying out
the invention.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the straight edge of the instrument.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 3 is a plan.
Fig. 4 shows the instrument in position for ascertaining the amount of inclina-
tion of a surface from the vertical line.
Fig. 5 shows the instrument in position for ascertaining if two surfaces form-
ing an arris are at right angles to one another.
Fig. 6 shows the instrument in position for ascertaining the inclination of a
surface from the horizontal.
The instrument consists of a straight-edge formed by two blades a connected
together by small bars g. At one end of the straight-edge, a lock-plate bis
hinged to which the clinometer c is screwed. At the other end of the straight
edge, a, two slotted arms d are arranged along the slots of which a bolt e having
a thumb nut f can be moved. This bolt passes through a corresponding open-
ing made in the clinometer c. The front edges of the blades a are bent back-
wards at an angle of 45° as represented at h, Figs. 3 and 5, and the small bars
are cut with grooves having their sides in line with these bent edges in order to
form, with them, a rectangle so that it may be possible, by applying the instru-
ment in the manner shown at Fig. 5, to ascertain whether two surfaces consti-
tuting an arris are at right angles.
In order to measure the inclination of a surface the straight edge a is placed
against the surface (see Figs. 4 and 6) and the clinometer, which can be turned
on its hinge, is adjusted until the air bell in one of the spirit tubes of the clino-
meter is at the centre of the tube. Upon the clinometer ca mark is made
which corresponds, when the instrument is shut, to the zero mark of a properly
graduated scale made on the arms.
When the clinometer c is opened out from the straight edge a, by making it
turn on the hinge b, the mark on the clinometer will indicate the angle of
inclination of the surface.
The thumb nut f is for the purpose of clamping the clinometer in position.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I consider novel and desire to claim is:
1. A combined straight edge and clinometer characterized by the clinometer
being hinged to a double straight edge which latter has its front edges bent back
to an angle of 45° so as to form a right-angle, substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the drawings annexed.
2. A combined straight edge and clinometer characterized by the clinometer
being hinged to the straight edge which latter is provided with slotted arms
between which the clinometer can be adjusted so as to measure angles of inclina-
tion upon a scale cut on the said arms, substantially as herein before described
with reference to the drawings annexed.
Data i 95th dore of Tul 1800
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
100, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.