Improvements in, and in the Manufacture of, the Ribs and Stretchers of Umbrellas and Parasols, and in Appliances to be used therewith.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in, and in the Manufacture of, the Ribs and Stretchers
of Umbrellas and Parasols, and in Appliances to be used therewith.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND, the Younger, of The Laburnums, Church Road, Moseley,
near the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the ribs and stretchers of umbrellas and
parasols of the troughed or paragon type, and to the manufacture of the same,
and has for its objects, a new cross section of rib or stretcher.
Heretofore, such paragon stretchers have been made from wire by rolling down
by successive stages, into a thin strip or ribbon of uniform thickness and then
turning the same up into a trough figure.
My new cross section is of the figure of a crescent with flattened horns, that is,
the horns or sides of the section are nearly parallel, so as to form a trough with
the opposite sides tapering from the edges to the bottom, where there is prefer-
ably a considerably greater thickness of metal than at the points of the horns.
In carrying out the manufacture of rib or stretcher lengths of this particular
section, I take a roller having a channel or groove around its outside periphery
of a shape corresponding to the outside figure of the section to be produced, and
I also take a he roll having a rib upon it of a cross section corresponding to the
inside shape of the rib to be produced. These rolls are placed with their axes
parallel and with the he-rib of the one taking into the groove of the other, and
with peripheral flanges of the he roll coming upon the opposite sides of the rib,
so as to fully close the entrance to the groove of the she roll and confine the
metal being operated upon within the nip or eye between the rolls.
A length of heated round wire to be fashioned (the point of which may have
been previously flattened to give it a start) is placed in the channel of the she
roll and the he roll is brought down upon and caused to nip the wire. Then
by a rolling process, the wire is fashioned into the desired section.
I propose to electrically heat the wire, so as to prevent the formation of scale
thereon, as would occur by ordinary heating, and I also propose to provide the
sides of the rolls with copper or other suitable metal plates in order to rapidly
conduct away the heat transmitted to the rolls by the wire being treated.
I also propose to run the lower edge of the rolls or parts of them, in water, so
as to reduce the temperature of them.
Instead of rolling down direct from round or equivalent sectioned wire, the
wire may be previously rolled into a flattened section, with the middle part
thicker than the edges, which edge parts are subsequently turned up by the final
rolling process to give the desired section to the strip.

page_text: The hardening and tempering is effected as follows:-The length when
fashioned is then electrically re-heated, cooled in oil, again re-heated and tem-
pered, and then passed to a machine, which cuts the same into given lengths as
desired.
DL1 1 111
L
1000
WILLIAM HOLLAND, JUNR.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in, and in the Manufacture of, the. Ribs and Stretchers
of Umbrellas and Parasols, and in Appliances to be used therewith.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND, the Younger, of The Laburnums, Church Road, Moseley,
near the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to the ribs and stretchers of umbrellas and
parasols of the troughed or paragon type, and to the manufacture of the same,
and has for its object, to obtain a new cross section of rib or stretcher, or in
other words, to produce by a single operation a fluted umbrella or like rib or
stretcher having a thickened base and to dispense with the ordinary expensive
process of flattening, performed by rolling down wire, by successive stages, into
a thin strip or ribbon of uniform thickness prior to turning the same up into a
trough figure.
My new cross section, which is represented in an actual size in section and
elevation in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, and on a greatly
enlarged scale in Figures 3 and 4, is of the shape of a crescent with flattened
horns, that is, the horns or sides a¹, are nearly parallel, so as to form a trough
with the opposite sides tapering from the edges to the base or bottom a², where
there is a considerably greater thickness of metal than at the side walls.
In carrying out the manufacture of rib or stretcher lengths of this particular
section, I propose to employ rollers such as are represented in edge view, partly
in section in Figure 5 and in side elevation in Figure 6, whilst Figure 7 shows
upon an enlarged scale, the nip or eye part of the said rolls with a piece of
section metal produced shown located in the eye. One of these rolls b, has a
channel or groove b¹, around its outside periphery of a shape corresponding to
the outside figure of the section to be produced, whilst the other roll c, has a
rib c, upon it of a cross section corresponding to the inside shape of the section
to be produced. These rolls are placed with their axes 62, c², parallel and with
the he-rib of the one taking into the groove of the other, and with peripheral
parts 3, of the he-roll coming upon the opposite sides of the rib c¹, so as to fully
close the entrance to the groove b¹, of the she-roll and confine the metal being
operated upon within the nip or eye between the rolls.
A length of heated round wire (such as shown in Figures 8 and 9) the point
of which may have been previously flattened to give it a start is placed in the
channel of the she-roll and the he-roll is brought down upon and caused to nip
the wire. Then by a rolling process the wire is fashioned into the desired
section.
I propose to electrically heat the wire, so as to prevent the formation of scale
thereon, as would occur by ordinary heating, and I also propose to provide the

page_text: sides of the rolls with copper or other suitable metal plates d, in order to
rapidly conduct away the heat transmitted to the rolls by the wire being treated.
I also propose to run the lower edge of the rolls or parts of them, in water, so
as to reduce the temperature of them.
Instead of producing rib and stretcher section metal with a thickened base
from round or like wire by the process of rolling herein described, the same
may be produced direct from soft wire by rollers and dies in combination.
Instead of rolling down or drawing direct from round or equivalent sectioned
wire, the wire may be previously rolled into a flattened section such as shown in
Figure 10 with the middle part a², thicker than the edges a³, which edge parts
are subsequently turned up by the final drawing or rolling process to give the
desired section to the strip.
The hardening and tempering is effected by electrically re-heating the length
when fashioned, cooling the same in oil and again heating it to the necessary
temperature for tempering. The tempered section metal is then passed to a
machine, which cuts the same into given lengths as may be desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
First. In fluted ribs and stretchers for umbrellas and parasols making the
base or bottom of the section thicker than the sides, substantially as described
and set forth.
Secondly. In fluted umbrella and parasol ribs and stretchers having a
thickened base, producing or forming the same direct from heated wire by a
rolling or drawing process substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly. In rolls for the formation of fluted ribs and stretchers for umbrellas
and parasols, providing the sides of the same with copper or high conducting
metal plates substantially as and for the purpose described and set forth.
Dated this 30th day of March 1899.
WILLIAM HOLLAND, JUNIOR.
By Henry Skerrett,
24, Temple Row, Birmingham,
Agent for Applicant."