IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS FOR HOLDING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustavus Adolphus John Schott of Bradford in the
County of York for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF VESSELS FOR HOLDING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustavus Adolphus John
Schott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September
1882.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT of Bradford in the County of York
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS FOR HOLDING MINERAL AND
OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS"
This Invention relates to improvements in vessels used for holding or storing
mineral, lubricating or other oils, such as petroleum or other oils or liquids and
more especially to improvements in the apparatus for which Letters Patent N° 3449
were granted on the 25th August 1880 to Edmund Edwards of 40 Southampton
Buildings Chancery Lane Middlesex being a communication from abroad by
Gustavus Richter of Mildenau in the Empire of Austria and known by the name
of The Economiser
The first of my improvements refers to the outflow orifice of the delivery pipe g
as shewn in Figure 1 of the drawings accompanying the beforementioned speci-
fication by which the oil is discharged from the vessel
This outflow opening has hitherto been made of one size only for each
Economiser but as it has been found disadvantageous to have the same outflow to
fill vessels of different sizes, it being either insufficient for larger vessels on account
of the length of time required for filling the same, or too large for small vessels-I
fit such outflow with an adjustable nozzle which is temporarily attached thereto by
screwing and can be detached and replaced by one of smaller or larger size as inay
be required thus entirely obviating this inconvenience and disadvantage
My second improvement refers to the discharge or delivery pipe g described in
the same specification. This has hitherto been carried to any desirable height
above the funnel or sink B, but after being once fixed, could not be adjusted to the

page_text: height of the vessels which had to be filled from the Economiser. Now experience
has shewn that it is not desirable to have the height of the outflow orifice of such
delivery pipe above the funnel B at a much greater distance than the height of the
vessel to be filled and in order that the apparatus may be conveniently used for
the filling of vessels of different heights I so arrange this delivery pipe as to
permit of its being adjusted in proportion to the height of the vessel to be filled
which I effect by making such delivery pipe in sections of different thicknesses or
diameters viz. for that part of the delivery pipe ascending vertically from the
lower region of the tank A and coming from the pump a to the cover of the tank,
into which its upper end is screwed I take a pipe of so much larger diameter
than the upper part of the delivery pipe g protruding above the cover of the tank A
that the said upper section can be introduced into the lower section and moved
upwards or downwards in the same vertically; an air and water-tight connection
between the two sections of the pipe being made by means of a cork, hemp or
other suitable packing in the ordinary manner. The upper or thinner section of
the delivery pipe g I make of such a length that after it is moved downwards to
the lower extremity of the vertical part of the larger pipe, the outflow orifice is at
the minimum height required over the funnel B and it will be readily understood
that the upper section of the delivery pipe g can be raised, and the distance between
the outflow orifice and the funnel B increased to such an extent as the length of
the vertical part of the lower section of the delivery pipe g will admit of, by which
means a desirable and useful latitude is attained. After the outflow or orifice, of
the delivery pipe g has been placed at the desired height above the centre of the
funnel B, the upper and movable part of the delivery pipe g is temporarily fixed
and held in position by the application of a set and thumb screw at or near the
point where the delivery pipe g emerges from the cover of the tank A of the
Economiser
My third improvement consists in fitting the Economiser with an additional
strainer or filter in cases where the Economiser is desired to be used for liquids
containing more impurities than the strainer or perforated plate F shewn in the
specification would be able to eliminate as the said strainer E could not be made
so fine as to retain a sufficient proportion of the finer particles of such impurities
on account of the length of the time which would be required for the liquid to pass
by its own weight merely through the plate F if made sufficiently fine for the
purpose of retaining the necessary proportion of the impurities of the liquid But
in order to enable me to introduce a filter of sufficient fineness for the purpose
I utilise the pressure of the pump x for accelerating the passage of the liquid
through the said additional filter, by placing the latter in connection with the
delivery pipe g in such a position that the liquid expelled from the pump x and
flowing through the delivery pipe 9 has to pass through the said filter before
emerging from the outflow orifice of the delivery pipe g
In order that such additional filter may be easy of access for the purpose of
being cleaned out it requires to be placed outside the tank A in connection with
that part of the delivery pipe g which protrudes above the cover of the tank I find
it convenient to fix it at the upper end of the delivery pipe g where the same
curves or bends to the outflow orifice. The filter consists of two coarsely perforated
circular plates or sieves of about six or eight times the inside diameter of the
delivery pipe g between which are placed and held in position one or more
thicknesses of old linen or other suitable fabric or equivalent possessing the
requisite fineness-I find old linen forms a useful simple and economical filter for
the ordinary lubricating oils but for other liquids I employ filtering paper thin
carbon moulds or other suitable filtering agents
The filter is placed within and across a cylinder hermetically closed at both ends
and of a sufficient diameter to receive the filter and of sufficient height for the
delivery pipe g to be attached to the cylinder in such a manner that the liquid
flowing from the pump through the delivery pipe g enters the said cylinder on
one side of the filter, passes through the filter urged by the pressure of the pump,

page_text: and out again on the other side by a continuation of the delivery pipe g connected
to the cylinder in any suitable manner and so to the outflow orifice
One of the ends of the cylinder I arrange in such a manner that the same can
be opened and the filter taken out for the purpose of the cylinder and filter being
easily cleaned of the accumulated impurities and fresh: linen or other filtering agents
substituted when necessary
If the liquid contained in the Economiser provided with the additional filtering
apparatus should be clean enough to render this additional filtering process
unnecessary the filter may be removed from the cylinder altogether so as not to
unnecessarily obstruct the passage of the liquid through the delivery pipe g and
the cylinder beforementioned

page_text: '
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th March 1883.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT of Bradford in the County of York
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS FOR HOLDING MINERAL AND
OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS"
"
This Invention relates more particularly to improvements in an apparatus for
the storage and distribution of petroleum oil and other liquids commercially known
AS Richter's Patent Economiser" for which Letters Patent N° 344980 have been
granted-A portion of such improvements however are also applicable to other
vessels used for similar purposes
And in order that my said invention may be better understood and readily
carried into effect I will now with the aid of the accompanying drawings whereon
similar letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts proceed more
particularly to describe the same
My first improvement refers to the discharge pipe g the outlet orifice of which
has hitherto been made of one size only-It has however been found extremely
disadvantageous to have the same sized orifice to fill vessels of various capacities
it being either insufficient for large vessels on account of the length of time occupied
in filling the same or too large for small vessels
Now in order to obviate this I form a screw thread (6) Figure 2 on the outside of
such discharge pipe just above the outflow orifice and fit the same with inter-
changeable nozzles of various sizes which screw on and off as required thus
allowing a nozzle to be readily detached and replaced by one of smaller or larger
size as required
One of such interchangeable nozzles is represented attached to the lower orifice
in my improved pressure filter presently described at (20) Figure 1 and a sectional
view of the same shewing its internal formation is given at (20') Figure 2 where it is
shewn screwed on to the end of the discharge pipe g
My second improvement also refers to such discharge pipe which as hitherto
made has been rigidly fixed to the Economiser thus entirely precluding the
possibility of its being adjusted to the height of the vessel to be filled and thereby
causing both inconvenience and waste
Now to obviate these disadvantages I make the discharge pipe g in two or more
sections (preferably in two only both for strength and economy of cost in
manufacture;-) the lower section being larger in circumference than the upper
section and forming a standard wherein the upper section slides up and down
telescopically so that the outlet orifice can be raised or lowered to any convenient
height
.
In order to render the connection or connections between the various sections
air and water tight I pack the same with cork hemp or any other suitable material
in the ordinary manner-This improved sectional arrangement is shewn at
Figure 1 the two sections being marked (7-71) and the packed joint 8-The
upper section of the discharge pipe (71) is held in position by a set or thumb screw
arrangement shewn in section at Figure 4 and of which the following is a
description (8-8¹) are a stuffing box and lid packed with leather or other suitable
washers (9) through which the upper section of the discharge pipe (g) passes and
upon which such stuffing box and lid can be tightened or fastened by the set or
thumb screw (10) The stuffing box is screwed into the top D of the Economiser
from above whilst the lower and larger section of the discharge pipe (g¹) is screwed
into the same from below-The top D has a suitable aperture formed therein
furnished with screw threads (91) as shewn, to admit of such stuffing box and lower
;

page_text: -section being so screwed therein; while about midway of such aperture and between
such screw threads I make a division plate D' which forms a bearing against which
the base of the stuffing box and the top of the lower section butt when so screwed
together The division plate D¹ has a suitable orifice formed therein to allow the
upper and smaller section of the discharge pipe to pass through the same as
shewn By this arrangement both sections of the discharge pipe are held firmly in
position
A third improvement consists in fitting the Economiser (or any apparatus used
for similar purposes and provided with suitable pumping mechanism) with an
additional strainer or filter when the liquid stored therein contains more impurities
than the perforated plate (f) would eliminate as the perforations in such plate
cannot be made sufficiently fine to thoroughly filter such liquid owing to the time
which would be consumed in the operation
To obviate this disadvantage I provide an additional filtering apparatus (hereafter
termed a pressure filter) whereby I utilise the pressure of the pump (x) Figure 1
for accelerating the passage of the liquid therethrough by connecting such
additional filter with the discharge pipe in such a manner that the liquid when
impelled by the pump through the discharge pipe passes through such additional
pressure filter before issuing from the outflow orifice
This I effect in the following manner I make a filter consisting of one or two
coarsely perforated discs of any convenient size upon or between which I place one
or more thicknesses of linen or filtering paper or thin carbon moulds or other
suitable filtering media-Such filter is then placed within and across a metallic
cylinder which is hermetically closed at both ends and attached to the discharge
pipe (g) in such a manner that when the liquid is being impelled through the
latter it enters the cylinder at the top and being forced by the pressure of the
pump through the filter passes out on the opposite side into a continuation of the
discharge pipe which is screwed on or otherwise connected to the underside of
the cylinder and through which continuation it is conducted to the outflow orifice
from whence it issues in a purified state
The cylinder is so constructed that it can be readily opened to allow of the filter
and cylinder being cleaned and also of fresh filtering media being substituted when
necessary
In Figure 1 my improved pressure filter is shewn screwed on to the discharge
pipe and is marked (20) with one of my interchangeable nozzles (201) attached
thereto so that if the filter be disconnected at the point (61) such nozzle can be
screwed on at that point instead of the filter
Figure 3 shews a vertical section of my improved pressure filter which is
composed of three sections (a) (b) (c) enclosing two chambers (g) and (h)-Section (c)
screws into section (a) the two holding firmly between them the filtering media (i)
which in this instance consists of a perforated plate upon which rest two layers of
linen which are kept in position by their edges being lapped round the edge of the
plate Section (b) screws on to section (a) as shewn while (d) (e) (f) are apertures
which pass in a vertical line through the centres of the three sections
The operation of my improved pressure filter is as follows-The liquid enters
the chamber (9) by the aperture (d) passes through the filter (i) and out by
apertures (e) () except a small portion of it which owing to the strong pressure of
the pump may be forced through the screw thread connecting sections (a) (c) and
in that way enter chamber (h) from whence it flows through (f) together with that
issuing from (e)
When such additional filtering apparatus is not required it can be detached and
removed from the Economiser or other vessel altogether so as to avoid unnecessarily
obstructing the passage of the liquid through the discharge pipe
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said invention and the
manner of carrying the same into effect I would have it understood that what I
claim as novel and of my invention is
J-The fitting the apparatus commercially known as Richter's Patent Economiser

page_text: with interchangeable nozzles substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated
2°-The constructing the discharge pipe (9) of the said apparatus in two or more
sections arranged and fitted substantially in the manner and for the purposes
hereinbefore described and illustrated
3º The fitting the said Economiser or any other apparatus used for similar
purposes and provided with suitable pumping mechanism with my improved
pressure filter constructed and arranged substantially in the manner and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated.
In Witness whereof I the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott have hereunto
set my hand and seal this twenty sixth day of March in the Year of Our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty three
T