Improvements in Steam and like Motor Engines.
Year: 1894

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam and like Motor Engines.
I, JOSEPH PEARSON of Glusburn near Keighley in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows, that is
to say :-
It relates firstly to the formation and arrangement of the valves and mechanism
for operating same so that one valve at each end of the cylinder may regulate the
supply, (cut-off) and exhaust of the steam or like motor in connection therewith in
a thoroughly efficient manner.
In carrying this part of my invention into effect I make use of valves either of
the oscillatory or reciprocatory kind, and in each case such valve is mounted at
each end of the cylinder and has its movements totally independent of those of the
other valve.
Each of these valves is so formed that when in one position it opens the port for
the steam to pass around it to enter the cylinder and in another position a passage
is formed for said steam to pass through said valve into the exhaust pipe,
while when said valve is placed in yet another position both the steaming and
exhaust ports are closed or covered in manner and for the purpose hereinafter
described.
The rods through which motion is imparted in one direction (which is that for
admitting steam to the cylinder) to these valves by the actions of the well known
kind of eccentric are of the class that will lay hold of a sliding block or oscillating
lever from which they may be made to release such hold (or be tripped) by the
actions of the ordinary governor as is well understood, while the rods, operated by
springs within dash pots or the like, for effecting the return movements of said
valves are joined thereto by slotted connections or otherwise so that such return
movement may at this time be only to such an extent as will just bring the valve
to cover both the inlet and exhaust ports (at which time the steam in the cylinder
expands to force the piston in the proper direction) said valve remaining in this
position until the return of the sliding block or oscillating lever operated by the
engine's eccentric into the position where its trip-rod may again lay hold of it
by which the valve is then moved to open the exhaust port, thus one valve and
one set of operating mechanism controls the supply of steam as is desired.
The second part of my invention relates to an improved formation or construction
of piston for use in connection with the cylinders of steam or like motor engines by
following which packing rings or parts of said pistons are made more durable and
efficient than heretofore.
In accordance with this part of my invention I form the rings for contact with
the walls of the cylinder, in sections (by which means they may be of cast metal or
otherwise rigid or without resilience) each part having projecting pieces which
overlay or intersect the other parts so that a proper and continuous surface is
prepared for contact with the cylinder's inner wall. These sections are formed with
uitable inclined or bevelled edges for contact with appropriately formed wedge
pieces which are arranged to be pressed against them for moving them radially
s is well understood.

page_text: These wedge pieces have suitably formed projections which enter radial openings
in the piston so that spiral springs arranged in connection therewith may force
or tend to force said wedge pieces in a radial direction against the sections as
above described, while said projections act as stays and guides for said wedge
pieces.
Dated this 15th day of Sentember 1801
JOSEPH PEARSON,
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.
improvements in Steam and like Motor Engines.
I, JOSEPH PEARSON of Glusburn near Keighley in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
It relates firstly to the formation and arrangement of valves of steam and like
motor engines and of mechanism for operating same so that one valve at each end
of the cylinder may regulate the supply (cut off) and exhaust of the steam or
like motor in connection therewith in a thoroughly efficient manner.
The second part of my invention relates to an improved formation or construction
of piston for use in connection with the cylinders of steam or like motor engines by
following which, packing rings or parts of said pistons are made more durable and
efficient than heretofore.
The sheets of drawings hereunto appended are illustrative of my invention and
are referred to by figures and letters in the following description.
Fig. 1 is side elevation of the cylinder and certain other parts of an engine made
for steam to be employed as the motor power.
Fig. 2 is side sectional elevation of the cylinder showing the piston and the
valves.
Figs. 3 and 34 are side elevations enlarged scale of the valve operating
mechanism showing same in two positions.
Fig. 4 shows these parts as seen from above.
Fig. 5 is sectional side elevation of slide valves and the chest in which they
operate.
Fig. 6 is end view of a piston made in accordance with my invention.
Figs. 7 and 8 are side and face views of the rings.
Fig. 9 is a drawing in detail of parts hereinafter described.
Similar letters and figures of reference indicate similar parts throughout the
several views.
In carrying the first part of my invention into effect I make use of valves either
of the oscillatory or reciprocatory type, but preferably the former however in
each or either case such valves ab (or a² 62 shown as slide valves by Fig. 5) are
mounted at the ends of the cylinder c, and have their movements imparted to them
independently of each other.
Each valve a and b is so formed that when in one position as that shown by
Fig. 2 and occupied by the valve bit opens the port d for the steam to pass around
it to enter the cylinder e as indicated by the arrows, while when it is in another
position, as shown occupied by the valve a, a passage is formed for said steam to
pass through said valve a into the exhaust pipe e and still further when said
valve a or b is placed in yet another position as shown in broken lines at a¹ Fig. 2,

page_text: both the steaming and exhaust ports are closed or covered in a manner and for the
purpose hereinafter described.
The rods through which motion is imparted in one direction (which is that
by which steam is admitted to the cylinder c) to these valves a bor a² ²) through
the medium of the levers f2f3, by the actions of the well known kind of eccentric g
are of the class that will lay hold of the sliding block by means of their hooked
or catch parts 1, 2, 3, 4, (or in place of this sliding block an oscillating lever may
be employed) said sliding block being operated by the eccentric g through the
rod g. The catches of the rods ffare further arranged to be operated by the
eccentrick which is oscillated by the ordinary governors m through the medium
of the levers m² m² and rod m³, in order that at the proper time they may be made
to release their hold (or be tripped) by the actions of said governor as is well
understood, the upper edges of their slots a being slightly inclined to enable the
eccentric & to force them by their own lateral movements out of contact with the
block when the extent of their motion is reached whether said eccentric k is at
such times moved by the governor or not.
The rods n n' operated by springs o o' within the dash pots ppl, or arranged on
other bearings, are for effecting the return movements of said valves a 6 and these
are joined thereto by slotted connecting rods r r so that said return movement
may at this time (that is when performed by the springs) be only to such an extent
as will just bring the valve a or b to cover both the inlet and exhaust ports (as.
shown at a Fig. 2 at which time the steam in the cylinder expands to force the
piston in the proper direction) said valve remaining in this position until the return,
of the block (or oscillating lever should such be used in place of the block )
into the position where its rods for f¹ may again lay hold of it by which the
valve is then moved to open the exhaust port, thus one valve and one set of
operating mechanism at each end of the cylinder controls the supply of steam
thereto as is desired.
As to the second part of my invention I form the rings ss, for contact with the
walls of the cylinder c, in sections (by which I am enabled to construct or produce
them of cast metal or otherwise rigid or without resilience) each parts having
projecting pieces s¹ which overlay or intersect the other parts so that a proper and
continuous surface is prepared for contact with the cylinder's inner walls. These
sections s are formed with suitable inclined or bevelled edges for contact with
appropriately formed wedge pieces which are arranged to be pressed against
them (said sections s) to move them radially as is well understood, by the
springs u.
The wedge pieces have projections t¹ formed on them to enter radial
openings made in the piston w, these openings being arranged to receive the
spiral springs u while they act also as stays or guides for the pieces t through their
projections t¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is ;-
1. The method of arranging and constructing the valves of steam and like
engines so that each one of them may control the supplying, retaining and
exhausting of the steam or like motor element substantially as herein specified.
2. The combination in a steam or like motor engine of a cylinder with a valve
at or operating in connection with each end of it to control the feeding retaining
and exhausting of the steam or like motor element substantially as herein
specified.
3. The combination in an engine of valves arranged relatively with the cylinder
of said engine as described, and means for operating same substantially as herein
specified.
4. The combination in a piston of rings made in sections having parts over-
lapping each other, wedge pieces formed to act upon said sections of the rings

page_text: and spiral springs mounted in radiating positions in said piston substantially as
herein specified.
Dated this 15th day of June 1895.
JOSEPH PEARSON,
Per Samuel Hey,
Agent.