IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus William Parker, of Bristol Soap Works,
Lewin Meade, and Deep Street, Bristol, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus William Parker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1863.
I, AUGUSTUS WILLIAM PARKER, of Bristol Soap Works, Lewin Meade, and
Deep Street, Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of soap,
and consists in producing mottled soaps when making certain classes of soaps
not heretofore mottled, and also in the means employed in mottling soaps
generally.
The first part of my Invention consists in converting those classes of soaps
into mottled soaps wherein a considerable quantity of sulphate, sulphite, or
byposulphite of soda or of clay, say, not less than five per cent. of such alkaline
salt or of clay, has been employed in making a soap either by introducing
a concentrated solution of the salt, or a solution thereof evaporated more or
less nearly to dryness, or in the crystalline state, or clay with a small quantity
of water. These soaps it is well known require to be crutched till they aro
set, which prevents the coloring matters being used to produce mottling in
the ordinary manner; although the process of rendering such soaps into mottled

page_text: soaps may be varied, it is preferred to employ the means hereafter described
for such purpose.
The second part of my Invention consists in the employment of colored
soaps in a granular state when converting any class of soap into a mottled
soap, and it further consists in a mode of preparing colored soap in a granular
state suitable for the purposes of mottling the various classes of soaps. According
to the extent of mottling it is desired to give to any description or class of
soap, so is the quantity or proportion of colored soap used in a granular or
comparatively finely divided state, and the same is introduced into the soap
and mixed therewith, by preference, when the soap is technically called
"finished," and the granular soap is crutched, or stirred into such finished
soap. The colored soap may be reduced into a granular or comparatively
finely divided state in various ways, but it is preferred that the colored soap
should be prepared in the following manner:-Finished soap is mixed with
the desired quantity of coloring matter, and the mixture is run into a pan or
vessel containing warm brine, or it may be other strong or concentrated solu-
tion, which will not mix with or dilute the soap at a temperature of about
110° Fahrenheit, and after being agitated therein, the colored soap is skimmed
off, and put into another pan or vessel containing brine or other suitably
strong or concentrated solution, wherein the soap is again to be agitated, by
which the colored soap will be cooled and set in a granular state.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Augustus William Parker in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTUS
WILLIAM PARKER, of Bristol Soap Works, Lewin Meade, and Deep Street,
Bristol, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Ier
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Augustus William Parker, Her special licence that I, the said Augustus
William Parker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Augustus William Parker, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully

page_text: might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Augustus William Parker, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustus William Parker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of soap,
and consists in producing mottle soaps when making certain classes of soaps
not heretofore mottled, and also in the means employed in mottling soaps
generally.
The first part of my Invention consists in converting those classes of soaps
into mottled soaps wherein a considerable quantity of sulphate, sulphite, or
byposulphite of soda or of clay (say not less than five per cent. of such alkaline
salt or of clay) has been employed in making a soap, either by introducing a
concentrated solution of the salt, or a solution thereof evaporated more or less
nearly to dryness, or in the crystalline state, or clay with a small quantity of
water. These soaps it is well known require to be crutched till they are set,
which prevents the coloring matters being used to produce the mottling in the
ordinary manner. Although the process of rendering such soaps into mottled
soaps may be varied, it is preferred to employ the means hereafter described
for such purpose.
The compounds of soaps which I prefer to manufacture under the first part
of my Invention are as follows, though the proportions may be varied :-I take
at the rate of 2 cwt. 2 qrs. crystals of sulphate, sulphite, or hyposulphite of
soda, 3 quarters of a cwt. of china or other suitable clay, to which may be
added 1 cwt. 1 qr. of silicate of soda, but to the use of which I make no claim.
1 boil these by free steam till they weigh about 5 cwt. and 2 qrs., and I add
the same to 6 cwt. and 8 qrs. of soap, by preference fitted soap, and I well
crutch the mixture till it nearly sets, I then mix and well stir in the requisite
quantity of colored soap in a granular state, preferring such granular soap as is
hereafter described, though colored soap in the state of grains produced by
other means may be employed; I usually employ about 3 quarters of a cwt. tu

page_text: the mixture above described, as this quantity produces a satisfactory mottling
of the soap; the mixing may be done in any convenient manner, but I prefer
to use a cylinder in which is placed an axle or shaft having thereon radial
blades, the mixture is supplied into the cylinder at one end and is well stirred
by the rotation of the shaft as the mixture passes through the cylinder into the
frame. Or I take 4 cwt. of crystals of sulphate, sulphite, or hyposulphite, of
soda, and dissolve the same by free steam or add the same undissolved to 7 cwt.
of fitted soap, by preference, and well crutch the same till the mixture is nearly
set, and I then add and mix in the colored soap in a granular state as above
described. Or I take china or other suitable clay and mix and boil it with
free steam and water until one gallon of the hot mixture weighs about 12 lbs.
To each 4 cwt. of this mixture I add 8 cwt. of soap, by preference curd soap,
and well crutch till the mixture is about to set, then add and well mix the
colored soap in a granular state as before described. I would here state that
I make no claim to the employment of sulphate, sulphite, or byposulphite of
soda or of clay in the manufacture of soaps, and this part of my Invention is
confined to the converting such of these classes of soap as require to be crutched
till they are set or nearly set into mottled soaps, by combining therewith
colored soap in a granular state as herein described.
The second part of my Invention consists in a mode of preparing colored
soap in a granular state suitable for the purposes of mottling the various classes
of soaps. Fitted soap is mixed with the desired quantity of coloring matter
and the mixture is run into a pan or vessel containing a warm salt solution, I
prefer a solution of common salt, or it may be other strong or concentrated
solution, such as alkaline solutions which will not mix with or dilute the soap
at the temperature employed. When carrying out this part of my Invention I
prefer that the solution should mark about-20° Twaddle, and it may be stated
that difference in temperature in somo degree modifies the size of grains pro-
duced; the temperature of the solution preferred by me is about 110° Fahrenheit.
After being agitated in the solution and allowed to stand for a few minutes
the colored soap is skimmed off and put into another pan or vessel containing
cold brine or other suitable strong or concentrated solution wherein the soap
is again to be agitated, by which the colored soap will be cooled and set in a
granular state. In making a colored soap I usually employ 12 lbs. of
ultramarine to one gallon of hot water, which well mix and add the mixture to
about 4 cwt. of soap, by preference fitted soap, but the manufacture of a suitable
colored soap may be varied. The grains when skimmed off the solution are
allowed to drain and are then dried by preference in a stove or chamber heated
to about 100 Fahrenheit, I prefer to screen the granular soap by means of a

page_text: sieve of six wires to the inch, and any parts of the soap which will not pass
the sieve I break down till they do. The granular soap is then ready for use
in the manufacture of mottled soaps generally in such proportions as may
be considered desirable and depending on the extent cach soap is desired to be
mottled.
In witness wereof, I, the said Augustus William Parker, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
AUGUSTUS WILLIAM PARKER. (L.S.)