IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR COVERING LEAD OR ALLOYS OF LEAD WITH TIN OR ALLOYS OF TIN, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1863

page_text: London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR
COVERING LEAD OR ALLOYS OF LEAD WITH TIN OR ALLOYS OF TIN, AND IN
THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 2nd October 1863, and dated the 8th April 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Kinder at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1863.
I, ARTHUR KINDER, of 20, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COATING OR COVERING LEAD OR ALLOYS OF LEAD WITH TIN OR ALLOYS OF TIN, AND
IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain modes of coating or covering lead or alloys
of lead with tin or alloys of tin on one or both sides, whereby the two metals
or alloys may be perfectly united, forming one solid ingot, which is to be sub-
sequently reduced to the desired thickness by the ordinary processes of rolling
or beating, or of rolling and beating.
According to one method I first cast a plate of lead or alloy of lead in any
convenient mould, and so soon as the metal or alloy is set, I remove it from
the mould, and place it in a second mould upon a flat table, this second mould
being made with moveable or adjustable sides so as to be capable of con-
[Price 8d.]

page_text: tracting to any desired size. The sides are also adjustable in height above the
surface of the table, in order that they may project more or less above the
surface of the lead plate contained between them. I then cast upon the lead
while it is still in a heated state a sufficient amount of molten tin or alloy of
tin to completely cover the lead, the thickness of this covering being regulated
by the height of the sides of the contractable mould above the lead. The surface
of the tin is levelled and smoothed off whilst in a heated state by pressing a
metal or felt roller or sleeker over its surface; the roller running along the
top of the two sides of the mould, any superfluous metal is thereby removed.
When set, the compound metal plate is removed, and is ready for the process
of lamination.
By another method plates or sheets of tin or alloy of tin, which have been
previously reduced to the required size and thickness by rolling, cutting, or
casting, is placed upon the surface of the lead or alloy of lead whilst the latter
is in a heated state, the temperature of the lead being just sufficient to fuse
the sheet of tin laid upon it. A roller is passed by hand over the tin to bring
it into close contact with the lead.
According to another method the mould in which the lead is first cast is
made with its sides projecting slightly above the surface of the thickest plate
required; they are carefully planed, and fitted and provided with an adjustable
cover or lid regulated by set screws, which cover projects slightly into the
interior of the mould, the amount of entrance therein coinciding with the
thickness of the tin or alloy of tin to be united with lead or alloy of lead.
The lead or alloy of lead having been cast in this mould, the cover or lid is
removed, and so soon as the lead or alloy of lead is properly set, the melted
tin is poured on the surface of the lead or alloy of lead, and then smoothed off
on the surface, as before described, the operations of casting the lead and tin
being both accomplished in one and the same mould.
When it is desired to coat or cover both sides of the lead or alloy of lead a
mould or frame is employed provided with a moveable and adjustable cover
both on the top and bottom sides, and the lead is run in between these covers.
When the lead is properly set, one of the covers is removed, and the tin
applied to one surface, as before described, after which the mould is reversed,
the other cover removed, and the tin or alloy applied to the other side of the
lead, the compound metal prepared by the means and apparatus herein-before
described is then rolled or beaten to the desired thickness for manufacture of
capsules, cistern linings, coffin furniture, and other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Arthur Kinder in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
October 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
KINDER, of 20, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Arthur Kinder, Her special license that I, the said Arthur Kinder, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur
Kinder, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING OR
COVERING LEAD OR ALLOYS OF LEAD WITH TIN OR THE ALLOYS OF TIN, AND IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Arthur Kinder, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Kinder, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to certain modes of coating or covering lead or
alloys of lead with tin or alloys of tin on one or both sides, whereby the two
metals or alloys may be perfectly united, forming one solid ingot, which is to
be subsequently reduced to the desired thickness by the ordinary processes of
rolling or beating, or of rolling and beating.
According to one method I first cast a plate of lead or alloy of lead in any
convenient mould, and as soon as the metal or alloy is set, I remove it from
the mould, and place it in a second, mould upon a flat table, this second mould

page_text: being made with moveable or adjustable sides, so as to be capable of contracting
to any desired size. The sides are also adjustable in height above the surface
of the table, in order that they may project more or less above the surface of
the lead plate contained between them. I then cast upon the lead whilst it
is still in a heated state a sufficient amount of molten tin or alloy of tin to
completely cover the lead, the thickness of this covering being regulated by
the height of the sides of the contractable mould above the lead. The surface
of the tin is levelled and smoothed off whilst in a heated state by passing a
metal or felt roller or sleeker over its surface; the roller running along the top
of the two sides of the mould, any superfluous metal is thereby removed.
When set, the compound metal plate is removed, and is ready for the process
of lamination.
By another method plates or sheets of tin or alloys of tin, which have been
previously reduced to the required size and thickness by rolling, cutting, or
casting, are placed upon the surface of the lead or alloy of lead whilst the
latter is in a heated state, the temperature of the lead being just sufficient to
fuse the sheet of tin or alloy of tin laid upon it. A roller is passed by hand
over the tin to bring it into close contact with the lead.
According to another method the mould in which the lead is first cast is
made with its sides projecting slightly above the surface of the thickest plate
required; they are carefully planed and fitted, and provided with an adjustable
cover or lid regulated by set screws, which cover projects slightly into the
interior of the mould, the amount of entrance therein coinciding with the
thickness of the tin or alloy of tin to be united with the lead or alloy of lead.
The lead or alloy of lead having been cast in this mould, the cover or lid is
removed, and so soon as the lead or alloy of lead is properly set, the melted
tin is poured on the surface of the lead or alloy of lead, and then smoothed off
on the surface, as before described, the operations of casting the lead and tin
being both accomplished in one and the same mould.
When it is desired to coat or cover both sides of the alloy of lead, a mould
or frame is employed, provided with a moveable and adjustable cover both on
the top and bottom sides, and the lead is run in between these covers. When
the lead is properly set, one of the covers is removed, and the tin applied to
one surface, as before described, after which the mould is reversed, the other
cover removed, and the tin or alloy applied to the other side of the lead. The
compound metal prepared by the means and apparatus herein-before described
is then rolled or beaten to the desired thickness for the manufacture of
capsules, cistern linings, coffin furniture, and other purposes.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now

page_text: proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a plan of one of my moulds
for casting a plate or ingot of metal with the cover removed; Figure 2 is a
side elevation of the same; Figure 3 is a plan of the top surface of the cover
detached from the mould; Figure 4 is a side elevation of the mould and cover
complete, and adjusted together ready for casting; Figure 5 is an end
elevation of the same; and Figures 6 and 7 represent respectively transverse
sections of the mould and cover, taken along the lines a, b, and c, d, in
Figures 1 and 3.
The mould A is accurately planed in order that the casting to be made
therein may be of a uniform width and thickness, and the dimensions of the
interior of the mould must correspond exactly with those of the plate or ingot
to be cast. B is a moveable cover, the edges of which on its under side are
rebated, as shown at a, a, (Figures 5 and 7), so that the cover will enter
slightly into the interior of the cavity of the mould. The amount of this
internal projection of the cover into the mould corresponds with the thickness
of the coating of tin or alloy of tin which is to be deposited upon the surface
or surfaces of the lead casting. C, C, are adjusting screws, fitted to the cover
for the purpose of regulating the thickness of the coating of tin that may be
required. The cover is held firmly in its proper place on the mould by means
of the strong screws D, D, provided with cross handles E, E, and working
through the nuts F, F, which nuts are furnished with hooked
which engage with studs or pins. H, II, in the sides of the
bridle pieces G, G,
mould, as shown
clearly in Figures 4 and 5, so that when the screws D are tightened up, the
mould and cover will be held firmly together, and will be ready to receive the
molten metal. The horizontal shading lines I, in Figure 5, represent the
ingot or plate cast in the mould.
Figure on Sheet 2 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of the
table for receiving the cast ingot or plate of metal herein-before referred to,
which requires to be coated with tin or alloy; Figure 2 is an end clevation of
the same table or surface supported upon the standards B, B, and steadied by
the tie rods C, C. D is a long plate or rib permanently secured to the top of the
table; and E is a corresponding plate or rib, which is made to slide along
the table A, being adjusted to or from the plate D by means of the adjusting
screws and handles F, F, the screws working through nuts G in the edge of
the plate E, suitable slots being made in the table A for the nuts to slide

page_text: along when the plate is moved by the adjusting screws.
The cast ingot or
plate I to be coated is placed upon the vertically adjustable plate H, and the
side plate E is then screwed up so as to confine the ingot between the two ribs
or side plates D and E. The bottom plate II is set up more or less according
to the thickness of the coating to be applied to the ingot by means of the two
wedges K, K', one at each end of the plate H. By this means the surface of
the ingot can be brought nearer to or further from the surfaces of the two side
plates D and E, and thus as the tin will fill up the remaining space, it follows
that the coating will be thicker or thinner accordingly. The various parts
having been properly adjusted and the ingot placed in the recess, the tin or
alloy of tin is cast upon the surface of the ingot, and whilst the tin or alloy is
still in a heated state the roller or sleeker L is passed over it to and fro by
means of the handles M, M, the roller itself being supported upon the edges
of the two side plates or ribs D and E, and thus sleeks or levels the surface of
the tin and removes any superfluous metal which may exist over and above
what is required to coat the ingot with the regulated thickness of tin.
Figure 3, on Sheet 2, represents a side elevation of a mould mounted on a
cast-iron frame, and so arranged that the plate or ingot of lead cast therein
can be covered on both sides with a coating of tin. The construction of the
mould A is similar to that of the mould described in reference to Sheet 1 of
the Drawings, with this difference merely, that it is provided with both top
and bottom covers in lieu of having only one cover. Both these covers are,
however, secured and held in their places by screws D, D, provided with cross
handles E, and passing through nuts F, as herein-before described. The
mould is hung upon trunnions or pivots N, N, supported in bearings in the
metal standards O. It is represented at an angle ready to receive the molten
metal, which is poured in through the gate or pouring hole at P. So soon as
the metal is set the mould is turned to a horizontal position, as shown by the
dotted lines, and is supported upon a block of wood placed under it. The
top cover is now removed for the purpose of casting the tin on the surface of
the lead ingot, and when the tin is sufficiently set the cover is replaced, and
the mould reversed on its trunnions, so as to bring the bottom cover to the
top. This cover is removed and a casting of tin cast upon the second surface
of the ingot. In order that the ingot may not shift in the mould, I propose to
cut or plane grooves in the two sides of the mould, as shown at a, a, in the
transverse section at Figure 4.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and

page_text: original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the coating or covering of lead or alloys of lead with tin or alloys of
tin, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Second, the general construction and arrangement of apparatus to be
employed in coating or covering lead or alloys of lead with tin or alloys of tin,
as herein-before described and illustrated in my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Kinder, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of October One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
THOMAS SANSON,
68, Harrison Street.
Gray's Inn Road,
London.
ARTHUR KINDER. (L.S.)