Improvements in the Manufacture of Effervescent Beverages, in the Preparation of the Materials Used in the said Manufacture, and in Obtaining Useful Products therefrom.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 12th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 5th. Dec., 1896
NAL
Improvements in the Manufacture of Effervescent Beverages, in the
Preparation of the Materials Used in the said Manufacture, and
in Obtaining Useful Products therefrom.
I JAMES HARGREAVES of Farnworth-in-Widnes in the County of Lancaster,
Chemical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
I use bisulphate of soda or other acid sulphate of soda in combination with
bicarbonate of soda for the production of carbonic acid in gazogenes or other like
apparatus.
To prepare the said bisulphate of soda or other acid sulphate of soda for
use, I fuse and cast it into spheres, rods, plates, or other suitable forms, and also
with a known and defined free-acid content. The said acid sulphate of soda is
packed into parcels or portions, along with such a proportion of bicarbonate of
soda as will neutralise the free-acid content of the said acid sulphate of soda.
The said mixture of acid sulphate of soda and bicarbonate of soda is placed in
the carbonic acid generating apparatus. Then there is added water sufficient to
set free the carbonic acid.
After the evolution of the carbonic acid, there is left a quantity of crystallised
neutral sulphate of soda, which I crystallise to form Glaubers salts, or concentrate
to form anhydrous or other desired sulphate of soda. When I wish to obtain the
largest production of sulphate of soda I use the mother liquor from one charge to
add to the above mentioned mixture of acid sulphate of soda and bicarbonate of
soda which is used for succeeding charges.
In lieu of acid sulphate of soda and bicarbonate of soda, I in some cases use the
corresponding salts of potash and procure sulphate of potash threfrom.
Dated this 13th day of January 1896.
JAMES HARGREAVES.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Effervescent Beverages, in the
Preparation of the Materials Used in the said Manufacture, and
in Obtaining Useful Products therefrom.
I, JAMES HARGREAVES of Farnworth-in-Widnes, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of effervescent beverages, in the
preparation of the materials used in the said manufacture, and in obtaining useful
secondary products therefrom.

page_text: In carrying my invention into effect, I use bisulphate of soda or other acid
sulphate of soda in combination with bicarbonate of soda for the production of
carbonic acid in gasogenes or other like apparatus. To prepare the said bisulphate of
soda or other acid sulphate of soda for use, I fuse or cast it into spheres, sticks,
rods, plates or other suitable forms, and also with a known and defined free acid
content. The said acid sulphate of soda is packed into parcels or portions along
with such a proportion of bicarbonate of soda as will neutralize or rather more
than neutralize the free acid content of the said acid sulphate of soda.
The said mixture of fused acid sulphate of soda and bicarbonate of soda is
placed in the carbonic acid generating apparatus, then there is added water
sufficient to set free the carbonic acid.
After the evolution of the carbonic acid, neutral or slightly alkaline sulphate of
soda is left. When I wish to recover the said sulphate of soda in large apparatus
I add only a limited quantity of water, such as shall leave a quantity of the
sulphate in the form of hydrated crystals, which are allowed to drain, and the
liquid drained from the said hydrated crystals is used as a substitute wholly or in
part for the water for successive charges of the aforesaid mixture of acid sulphate
and bicarbonate of soda.
If after the evolution of the carbonic acid the sulphate of soda is found to be
alkaline, and it is desired to produce neutral sulphate of soda, the alkali may be
neutralized with sulphuric acid or bisulphate of soda. This part of my invention
is also applicable where sulphuric acid is used to liberate the carbonic acid from
bicarbonate or carbonate of soda.
To obtain the acid sulphate of soda I take pure monohydrated sulphuric acid
and add to it with stirring pure granulated or small crystals of anhydrous sulphate
of soda. A suitable proportion consists of 177 parts of sulphate to each hundred
parts of free SO, contained in the said hydrated sulphuric acid, but these
proportions may be varied. This mixture is gradually heated up to about 270° C.,
and the heat continued till the mass is in a state of quiet fusion. The bisulphate
of soda formed in the manner aforesaid is then cast into moulds of any desired size
or shape. The said acid sulphate preferably in the form of sticks of rectangular
section, of such size as will readily pass into the gasogene, say 16x16 of an inch,
and packed side by side, is then enclosed in wrappers of sheet lead or other suitable
material so as to exclude air and moisture. The quantity of acid sulphate thus
formed into a packet is such as to constitute a charge for a gasogene. Along with
the said charge of bisulphate of soda is placed a packet of bicarbonate of
soda containing sufficient to supply for example 225 parts of bicarbonate to every
hundred parts of free SO, contained in the corresponding packet of acid sulphate.
The two packets of bisulphate of soda and bicarbonate are enclosed in one outer
wrapper to form one complete charge, said outer wrapper being of suitable more
or less impermeable material so as to exclude air and moisture. The most suitable
material I am acquainted with is tinfoil paper, or tinfoil of the kind known as
plated or double embossed foil. Instead of making two packets, the said acid
sulphate of soda and bicarbonate of soda may be placed in the same packet, and a
piece of sheet lead or other suitable material placed therein in such manner as to
prevent the said acid sulphate and bicarbonate from coming into contact, but I
do not recommend this plan as equal to that of two packages one for each
substance.
The pieces of acid sulphate are made of such size and shape as to be easily
passed through the openings provided for introducing the charges into the said
gasogenes.
In making aërated water by means of these charges in a gasogene I nearly fill
the lower globe thereof with water by means of the long funnel, taking care that
no water passes into the small globe, then remove the long funnel and close the
inner tube with the stopper. Next place the small funnel above the stopper
(which should be quite dry) and pass into the small globe the contents of one of
the packages, then remove the stopper and the funnel. Place the tap on the

page_text: gasogene and screw it down quite tight. Incline the bottle so that water may run
into the small globe until it is nearly half filled. Two hours are sufficient for the
preparation, although a longer time is advantageous.
The present invention possesses the following advantages:
1. The complete charge being enclosed in one wrapper insures both the
bisulphate and bicarbonate being always at hand when wanted and avoids mistakes..
2. Owing to the more gradual evolution of carbonic acid, due to the acid being
in the form of solid blocks, the pressure is not so suddenly generated, and although
the water is thoroughly aërated the pressure does not rise so high as during the
first few minutes after charging with the ordinary tartaric acid mixture. As a
consequence a larger charge, capable of evolving more carbonic acid than is
usually employed for a given size of gasogene, may be safely employed, and a more
bighly aërated water produced.
3. It is impossible for a charge to produce more than the correct quantity of gas.
and thus the safety of the gasogene is assured.
4. Owing to the impermeable form of wrapping employed the charges are not
subject to deterioration by changes of climate.
I have herein more especially specified acid sulphate and bicarbonate of soda for
the purpose set forth, but under this invention the corresponding potash salts may
also be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven--
tion, and the best mode known to me of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to
be understood that I am well aware that the chemical re-actions set forth in this
specification have been well known as reactions, and I therefore make no claim to.
these reactions generally, but I declare that what I claim as my invention is :-
1. The use or application of these reactions, in the manner substantially as set
forth, for the economical manufacture of what are usually known as aërated
waters, whereby a charge of carbonic acid, stronger than can be used when the.
ordinary powders are employed, can be introduced with safety.
2. The manufacture and use of packets of solid sticks or blocks of bisulphate of
soda (or of potash) put up with the required quantity of alkaline bicarbonate-
substantially as described.
3. The economical recovery of the neutral sulphates of soda or potash obtained.
as a by-product in the manufacture of aërated beverages substantially as.
described.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents..