IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Coates, of Sunnyside, near Rawten-
stall, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of
Messieurs Butterworth and Brooks of Sunnyside aforesaid
for
Sealed the 5th December 1853, and dated the 15th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Coates
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th October 1853.
I, CHARLES COATES, of Sunnyside, near Rawtenstall, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of Messieurs Butterworth &
Brooks, of Sunnyside aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in machinery for stopping looms in the
absence of the weft, or in case of the shuttle failing to box.
The driving pulley, instead of being on the crank shaft, is on a stud
projecting from an elbow lever; a friction pulley on the driving pulley
is held in contact with and gives motion to a pulley on the crank shaft

page_text: -
as long as the weft crosses the shed, but if the weft fails the knocking
off lever is liberated in the ordinary manner, thereby causing a spring
to act on one arm of the elbow lever; the contact pulleys are thereby
disconnected, and at the same time a break is brought in contact with the
fly wheel on the crank shaft, thereby instantly stopping the loom. When
the shuttle is caught in the shed the loom is stopped in the following
manner At each end of the reed is a feeling finger fixed to a slender
rod; these fingers come in front of the .reed, and are pushed back by
the shuttle.at every pick; a catch projecting.from.one of the fingers is
placed in a line with a catch lever, and when the fingers are not pushed
back by the shuttle, owing to the same being caught in the shed, the
catch acts on the catch lever, and as this catch lever is connected with
the knocking off lever,-it-is-evident-that-when-the shuttle fails to box
the loom is stopped, as before described.,
Another part of my improvements consists in an improved..mode of
fixing cops on the shuttle skewer; in the ordinary mode of making
shuttles a spring attached to the skewer has to be overcome in pushing
the cop on; but in my improved mode of construction the spring or
other fastener is parallel with the skewer when the cop is put on, but on
lowering the skewer to place the cop in the shuttle the spring or other
fastener is forced against the interior_of_the_cop, thereby holding it
firm. Other modes of effecting this may be adopted, the object of my
improvements being that the spring or other fastener of the skewer shall
be inactive when the cop is put on, and in bringing the spring or other
fastener into action when the skewer with the top on it is piit into the
shuttle
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Coates in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 15th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES COATES, of Sunnyside; near Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, in the employ of Messieurs Butterworth and
Brooks, of Sunnyside aforesaid, send greeting

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of October, in the-year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Coates, Her special licence
that I, the said Charles Coates, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others, as. I, the said Charles Coates, my-executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at
any.
time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Coates, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed. in the Great Seal Patent Office within,
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said,
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said Charles Coates; do hereby declare.
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say:
.
My Invention consists, firstly, in an improved combination of parts
whereby the motions of a loom can be suddenly checked and stopped
when the weft fails or when the shuttle fails to enter the shuttle box';
the said improved parts acting in combination with or independently
of the ordinary weft stopper; the sudden stoppage of the loom is
effected by disconnecting a pair of friction wheels or pulley's by which
the loom is driven, and by the application of a break.
Secondly, my Invention consists in constructing shuttles so that the
retaining spring by which the cop is held on the skewer is only brought
into action when the cop is on the skewer, and remains inactive wheni
the cop is put on..

page_text: And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by
me, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon.
.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of a loom to which my improvements
are applied; Figure 2, is a front view; and Figure 3, a plan of part
of the same loom. a, is the framing; b, the crank shaft; c, the lay
swords; d, the shuttle box; e, the weft fork; f the knocking off lever,
and J
the breast beam; all of which are constructed in the usual
maner. h, is a lever supported on the stud ', which is fixed to one of
the frame sides. In this lever is fixed a stud h, on which is mounted
the driving pulley i, and friction pulley ; this pulley is held in con-
tact with the circumference of the fly wheel 6, by the latch j, which is
hinged to a fixed stud j', as seen best in Fig. 2. A recess is formed
at the end of the lever h, containing a piece of vulcanized india-rubber
or other suitable elastic material, and a stud h. This stud comes in
contact with the under side of the latch j. The object of this piece of
elastic material is to produce the desired pressure between the surfaces
of the friction pulley, and the fly wheel b. To the lever h, is attached
or cast the break ", by which the momentum of the fly wheel is checked,
as will be explained hereafter. k, is a box containing a spiral spring,
the upper end of which acts on the ram, and the lower end thereof
bears on a washer which can be raised or lowered in the box k, by
the set screw, to regulate the pressure of the spring . From the
ram, projects a pin, which passes through a hole in the latch j;
this pin serves to prevent the ram coming against the under side of the
lever h, as long as the loom is at work. The double lever 1, is mounted
on a stud ', fixed to the loom side; the lower end of the lever 7, has an
anti-friction roller l', attached to it, and the upper end of the lever is
acted upon by the stud m', projecting from the bar m, one end of which
is supported in the bracket m², and the other end fits on a stud m³. The
bar m, is held in the position shewn in the Drawing by a spring of

page_text: vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material marked m'; one end
of this spring is attached to the loom side, and the other end to a stud
projecting from the bar m, as shewn in Figure 3. To the breast beam
is hinged the drop catch n, seen best in Figure 2; this catch bears upon
the bar m, and it is furnished with a projection n', which acts on the
incline f', fixed to the knocking off lever f. The shaft o is supported
in bearings attached to the lay swords c. Near each end of this shaft is
fixed a lever o', and at one end is a lever o², the extremity of which has
a catch for taking into the notch m³, at the under side of the bar m,
when the shuttle fails to box. ', is the swell which is hinged in the
usual manner to each of the shuttle boxes. The levers o', are held in
contact with the ends of the swells d', by the spring of acting on the
bent lever o attached to the shaft o. The mode of operation is as
follows: The Drawing represents the various parts in the positions
they occupy when the loom is working, and when the lay is advancing
towards the breast beam. The shuttle is now supposed to be in the
right hand shuttle box d, as shewn in Figure 3, consequently the swell
has pushed back the lever o', and depressed the end of the lever o",
so that the catch passes under the notch m of the bar m, thereby
allowing the motion of the loom to continue uninterruptedly; but if the
shuttle, instead of arriving in the shuttle box, had been caught in the
shed, or had otherwise failed to box, the swell d' would not have
pushed back the lever o', and the catch at the end of the lever o*
would have remained in the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 1,
or in a line with the notch m; consequently the lay, in advancing
towards the breast beam, would in that case draw the bar m with it;
the incline m of the bar m is thus made to elevate the end of the
catch; and the projection ', by coming against the incline f', pushes
the knocking off lever f, out of its retaining catch. The knocking
off lever then assumes the position indicated by a dotted line in
Figure 2, and in so doing the stud f which is fixed in the knocking
off lever, and fits in a curved slot in the latch j, clevates the said
latch, and by this means liberates the upper side of the lever ; at the
same time, the ram , being pushed upwards by the spring ', acts

page_text: on the under side of the end of the lever h, and by lowering the
friction pulley, disconnects it and the fly wheel 6, the momentum of
which is then arrested by the action of the break h³. When the bar m
is advancing towards. the breast beam, the stud m! comes against the
upper end of the lever 1, and causes the roller 2 to act on the under
side of the lever h, thereby assisting the spring in applying the
break to the wheel b. By this means the motion of the loom is
stopped before the reed has reached the cloth; consequently, if the
shuttle has been caught in the shed no injury is done to the warps, and
the ordinary stop finger and frog are dispensed with: As soon as the
loom is again ready for starting, the attendant replaces the knocking off
lever fin its retaining notch, and in so doing the stud f.brings back
the latch to its original position; the pin k', by pressing down the
ram, liberates the under side of the lever h; and the under part of
the latelij, by bearing on the stud 4, liberates the break h³, and brings
the friction pulley i' in contact with the fly wheel. If it should be
requisite to stop the loom, owing to the absence of the weft, the weft
fork e acts in the usual manner on the knocking off lever f. thereby
raising the latch j, and disconnecting the friction. pulleys and b in
the manner above described. The other parts of the loom which are
partly shewn in the Drawing are similar to those in looms of the ordi-
nary construction, and as they are well understood by persons con-
versant with weaving, and form no part of my present Invention, it is
unnecessary to describe them.
Figure 4, represents a longitudinal section of a shuttle to which one
mode of constructing my improvements is applied; Fig. 5, is a plan of
the same.
In these views av is the skewer, which is supported on the
stud a, and is acted upon in the usual manner by the spring y; wis
the spring by which the cop is held on the skewer; one end of this
spring (which is shewn detached in Figure 6) is soldered or otherwise
fixed to the nose of the skewer, and the other end is attached to the
sliding shield z, shewn detached in Fig. 7. The spring is connected to
the shield by the projections w², or in any other convenient manner.
The stud which is also shewn detached in Fig. 8, is furnished at one
"

page_text: part with an excentric ; this excentric, fits in; a hole in the shield,
and serves to move the shield to and fro, when the skewer-is raised to
put on a cop or depressed to put the cop into the shuttle. The shield.
is guided by the pins it, which are fixed, on the skewer and fit into
slots in the shield. In Figure 4, the full lines represent the skewer in
the shuttle;, the stud, (which is, held fast in the shuttle by a screw,
the head of which is shewn in Figure 5.) is so placed that the excentric
acts on the shield z, and pushes the spring towards the end of the
skewer; by this
this means, when the skewer is in the shuttle, the spring w
is bent upwards and forced against the interior of the cop, which is now
supposed to be on the skewer; but when the skewer is raised into the
position shewn in dots in Figure 4, the action of the shield on the excen-
tric draws the spring w¹ into contact with the skewer; by this means
the spring is inactive or out of the way, when the cop is put on the
skewer; consequently, the injurious, effect on the cop in overcoming the
resistance of the spring, as in shuttles of the ordinary construction, is
avoided. When the skewer is pressed down, the spring again rises as
above described, and the cop is thereby securely held. It may some
times be desirable to use two springs, one at each side of the skewer;
this may be accomplished by attaching both the springs to the shield;
in this case, less traverse is required to be given to the shield.
amount of traverse given to the shield, and consequently the opening
of the spring w', can be adjusted by altering the position of the
excentric al.
The
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the details herein set forth, so long as the peculiar character
of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is, firstly, the improved
combination of machinery, consisting of the latch j, and parts acting in
connection therewith and with the ordinary weft stopper, for arresting
the motion of looms when the weft fails, as herein-before shewn and
described; secondly, I claim the improved combination of machinery.
consisting of the shaft o, and parts acting in connection therewith, for
stopping looms when the shuttle fails to box, in manuer herein-before

page_text: shewn and described; thirdly, I claim the improved mode of driving
looms by friction, as shewn and described; and lastly, the improve-
ments applicable to shuttles, as shewn and as described, whereby the
spring or springs for holding the cop on the skewer are brought into
action after the cop is put on.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Coatos, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four,
CHARLES COATES. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Charles Coates, in
the presence of
H. B. BARLOW,
Patent Agent,
Ducie Place,
Manchester.