IMPROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR INTERCHANGEABLY PERFORMING THE OPERATION OF FREEZING ICE CREAM, CHURNING, BEATING Eggs, and for SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Benson, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings,
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR
INTERCHANGEABLY PERFORMING THE OPERATION OF FREEZING ICE CREAM,
CHURNING, BEATING Eggs, and for SIMILAR PURPOSES."-A communication
from abroad by William Redheffer, of Saint Lewis, in the State of
TT ton of
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Martin Benson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 3rd February 1875, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARTIN
BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR INTERCHANGEABLY PERFORMING THE OPERATION OF
FREEZING ICE CREAM, CHURNING, BEATING EGGS, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES,"

page_text: and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have
made solemn Declaration that it is à communication to me from abroad.
by William Redheffer, of Saint Lewis, in the State of Missouri, United
States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Martin Benson, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed in and by the following
statement:
One portion of my present Invention relates to a novel beater inter-
changeably, of great value for mixing the creamy compounds during
the freezing operation, also for churning, and also for beating eggs or
other matter preparatory to the manufacture of frozen custards or other
articles of food requiring such beating action.
My novel beater consists of several perforated hollow frustums of
cones, preferably composed of tin plate, rigidly mounted one above the
other on a dasher handle, and all opening downward, whereby on each
downward stroke the matter to be agitated will be forced in small
streams upward and outward, and striking against the interior walls of
the receiver in some instances, and in others against the lower inner
surface of the next higher frustum.
Another portion of my Invention consists in the combination with a
beater composed of hollow perforated frustums of cones of a can having
a covered bottom, which practically corresponds in outline with the
interior surface of the lower frustum, whereby all the matter to be
worked will be driven through the perforations in said frustums at each
downward stroke of said beater.
Another portion of my Invention consists in rigidly mounting the
several hollow frustums on a wooden dasher handle by means of a tin
tube to which the said frustums are severally soldered, and within which
the handle is secured, whereby the handle and beaters are firmly united..
and the surface of the wood adjacent to the frustum is insulated and
prevented from being saturated with cream and others matter liable to
speedy decomposition at points comparatively difficult of access for
purposes of cleansing.

page_text: Another portion of my Invention consists in the combination with a
tight tub provided with an interior grooved ring of a can provided with
radial arms for loosely entering the groove in said ring, whereby the
can may be maintained in a central position within the tub, wether the
can be surrounded by ice for freezing or water for churning, also whereby
the can may be freely rotated or oscillated, and at the same time be
prevented from rising independently of the tub, except on occasion.
Another portion of my Invention consists in combining with a tight
tub and a can provided with devices for maintaining the can at its upper
end in the centre of the tub and admit of its rotation or oscillation a
raised base on the bottom of the tub, which supports the bottom of the
can, and thereby prevents direct contact of ice therewith in freezing
cream and allows a circulation of water bencath the can while
churning.
Another portion of my Invention consists in the combination with
a can and beater of a detachable base provided with clamps or hooks
whereby the can may be securely attached to the base and readily
detached therefrom in order that when churning the can and base may
be placed in any tub containing water, if an artificially graduated
temperature is required, or so that it may be employed without such
tub; also so that when the clamps are detached the base and can may be
employed in any tub with ice for freezing in the usual manner, in which
case the can may be rotated or oscillated on its base. All of which
points will be herein-after more fully described in connection with the
Drawings, in which,―
Fig. 1 represents in perspective a complete apparatus; Fig. 2
represents the same in central vertical section.
Fig. 3 represents in perspective the can and base detached from the
tub.
Fig. 4 represents in perspective the beater detached from the can.
Fig. 5 represents a novel clearer for removing partially solidified or
stiffly beaten matter from the can.
In each instance A denotes the beater or "mixer." It is composed
of several hollow perforated frustums of cones, preferably stamped up
from a flat circular disk of tin plate in suitable dies. In working tin
plate in dies the tin is liable to be abraded so as to expose the iron, and

page_text: therefore I subject the frustums to a tin bath after they have been
otherwise completed. The beater handle may be composed of tinned
iron, or of wood. The tinned iron handles are however liable from the
frictional wear at the cover of the can to have the iron soon exposed,
and more or less corrosion is therefore liable to occur. For that reason
I prefer a wooden handle, as shown. The wood is liable to become
saturated with cream and other matter, which speedily decomposes,
especially at points which are comparatively difficult of access for
purpose of cleansing. I have therefore devised a method of attaching my
hollow frustums to such a handle, which not only results in a secure and
durable attachment but practically insulates the wooden handle at the
point of attachment. The tube a is made of proper lengths to receive
the beaters, and of proper diameter to admit of the handle being tightly
driven therein. A screw or nail enters the lower end of the handle and
expands it so as to form an absolutely inseparable connection of tube
and handle. Indentations of the exterior of the tube extending into
the wood may also be employed. The several frustums are then soldered
to the tube, and a button at 6 which covers the end of the handle and
the nail or screw head is well soldered to the lower frustum. Such a
beater is of great durability, and will perform excellent service. The
several beatters are so arranged with relation to each other that the
perforations in any one frustum will be out of coincidence with the
perforations of the others next above or below it, in order that the
streams forced through them will be driven against surfaces of the
frustum opposite each perforation which is not so located as to direct
the stream against the inner surface of the can:
'
B denotes the can. It is preferably constructed of heavy tin plate, and
has a cover c provided with a central aperture, through which the beater
handle passes. This apperture is provided with a funnel-shaped guard
on the upper side of the cover for preventing the cream &c., on the
handle from spreading on the cover. A chamber beneath the cover
receives a leather or wooden collar for affording a non-metallic bearing
for the handle at that point. The cover and can are provided with a
slip joint, as at d, which allows the cover to properly enter the can, and
to so engage therewith that it cannot be rotated independently of the can.
The radial arms e, of which two or more are employed, are composed of
iron and secured to the can by rivets, or solder, or both. In order
that the entire contents of the can may be practically forced through the

page_text: perforations of the beater at every downward stroke the bottom of the
can is made convex in outline practically corresponding with the
interior surface of the lower frustum. In some cases a false bottom will
be applied, either flat or convex, and the intermediate space filled with
melted lead or other suitable metal in order to afford a good bearing
surface after the exterior bottom plate has been worn out.
C denotes the tub, which is mainly of ordinary construction and water
tight. It is permanently provided at proper distance from its top with
the interior grooved ring, as at g. This ring may be composed of metal,
or of wood. The groove is of sufficient size to freely receive by the way
of openings cut in the top of the ring, as at g, the ends of the radial
arms e on the can. The ring is located at such a point that when the
can is in position the bottom of the latter will bear on the bottom of the
tub, or upon a base hereafter more fully described. When the can is
in position, as described, it can be freely rotated or oscillated, whether
the tub contains ice for freezing or water for churning, and in both cases
is firmly maintained in a central position, and not liable to be unduly
lifted while the beater is being operated by reason of the arms on the
can engaging with the upper side of the groove in the ring f.
D denotes a raised base secured to the bottom of the tub. It is
provided with a vertical flange which serves to form a cup shaped
receptacle for the end of the can. In practice this base will be preferably
struck up out of heavy sheet iron and provided with legs or a flange,
whereby it may by means of screws be secured to the bottom of the tub
when desired. On each side of the base is a hook, as at h, which when
the can is used for churning are made to engage with studs on the can,
as shewn.
When it is desired to use the can and base without the tub they may
be readily connected, as shown in Fig. 3, in which case the concavity
of the base may be filled with granulated ice or water, according to the
temperature required in churning, or in the preparation of light frothy
articles of food, as for instance, those composed of mashed fruit and.
eggs.
In operating with my apparatus in the manufacture of iced creams or
fruit ices the tub is filled with ice and salt, as heretofore practiced; and,
the can supplied with the matter to be frozen and occasionally rotated
or oscillated. Meanwhile the beater is moved up and down, which.

page_text: clears the partially congealed or solidified portions from the sides of the
can at each downward stroke, carries it inward toward the centre of
the can, where it is mingled with the liquid portions, and forced there-
with in streams through the perforations in the frustum. These streams
are in some instances forcibly driven against the cleared surfaces of the
can, and in other cases against the under surface of the frustum next
above. The effect in both cases is to effect a complete mixture of the
congealed or solid and the uncongealed or liquid portions; it also
prevents lumpy crystalization, and renders the mass. smooth and even.
When the mass begins to stiffen the beater is withdrawn and separated
from the cover by the removal of the hand bar on the beater handle and
the cover replaced. A few rotations or oscillations of the can complete
the operation. It is to be understood that tubs, cans, and mixers have
heretofore been employed for freezing creams &c., and that in the
operation of my apparatus the novel feature results from the com-
bination with the can of a beater which will cause the interior of the
can to be more or less thoroughly cleared at every stroke, and at the
same time effect a complete mixture of the matter and distribute it for
rapid congelation by continually driving the mass in small streams
against the sides of the can, as well as against the adjacent surfaces of
the beater.
In operating upon cream for making butter the forcibly driven streams
result in a rapid and effectual separation of the butter globules from the
fluid containing it. It is frequently the case that an artificially induced
temperature is desired in churning, and this may be attained by the use
of water in the tub. The action of the beater in beating eggs is
peculiarly effective, and admits of the proper execution of that service
in the shortest possible time, as the forcibly driven streams striking
against the surfaces, as described, are of great value in this connection.
Having now fully described my Invention, what I claim as new is,—
1rst. The reciprocating beater composed of two or more hollow
frustums of cones mounted on a handle and perforated, substantially
as described.
2rd. The combination with a can having a covered bottom with a
beater composed of perforated hollow frustums of cones, substantially as
described.
3rd. The hollow perforated frustums of cones mounted on a tube and
1'
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page_text: 4th. The combination of a tight tub provided with an interior grooved
ring, and a can provided with radial arms for entering the groove in
said ring, substantially as described. -
5th. The combination with a tight tub having a ring and a can having
the radial arms of a base raised from the bottom of the tub for sup-
porting the cam, substantially as described.
6th. The combination with the can and beater of a detachable base
provided with clamping hooks for securing it to the can, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Martin Benson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.