IMPROVEMENTS IN AUGURS OR AUGUR BITS AND IN MEANS OB APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred George Brookes of 59 Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AUGURS OR AUGUR BITS AND IN MEANS
OB APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE communicated to him
from abroad by James Swan of Seymour in the County of New Haven in
the State of Connecticut one of the United States of America. Manufacturer
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred George Brookes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th December 1883.
ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 59 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents. IMPROVEMENTS IN AUGURS OR
AUGUR BITS AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
Communicated to me from Abroad by James Swan of Seymour in the County of
New Haven in the State of Connecticut one of the United States of America
Manufacturer)
"
This invention has for its object the production of a machine capable at one
operation of milling the floor lip and shaping the inner wall of the cutting spur of
an augur or augur bit, the bit produced by the machine being novel as regards the
shape of the cutting spur
This invention also consists in the combination with a rest to hold the augur bit
of a rotating milling tool having its periphery toothed to mill the inner side of the
cutting spur and leave it concaved and circular
;
This invention also consists in a rest to hold the bit combined with a rotating.
cylindrical tool provided with cutting teeth at its end and at its periphery near its
end the former teeth acting to mill the floor lip while the latter at the same time
acts to mill and shape the cutting spur.
This invention also consists in combining with the above a chuck or holder for
the shank of the bit being acted upon by the rotating tool, the rest and chuck:
having their centre lines out of line with relation to the centre of rotation of the
tool, to thereby enable the floor lip to be cut at an inclination.
This invention also consists in a cylindrical cutting tool for the manufacture of
augur bits the said tool having a cylindrical body provided with teeth at its end,
and at its periphery from its toothed end backward, and with an internal cutting
rim the latter forming a groove or partial thread at the base of the leading screw.

page_text: The invention consists also in cutting the floor lip of the bit at an inclination
and concaving the inner face of its cutting spur at one and the same operation.
This invention also consists in an augur bit having its cutting spurs concaved at
their inner side facing the leading screw.
The bit to be treated in the improved machine is first roughly formed by forging
or otherwise to outline the point for the leading screw and portions for the floor lip
and spurs and the pod is formed as now commonly practiced in the manufacture of
spur bits and the bit is then annealed and straightened and the point for the
leading screw is milled true to its base, and the outside of the cutting spurs are
turned or milled true all as usual
In this condition the shank of the bit is placed in the holder or chuck and the
pod at or near the other end of the bit is placed in or on a suitable rest, so that
the cylindrical milling tool may act to cut the floor lip at an incline, the tool being
so shaped and the devices for holding and supporting the bit being so placed with
relation to the centre of the milling tool that the floor lip is cut at the proper
incline, or is given as it is termed the proper "fall or clear or so that the floor lip
does not bear on the solid wood back of its cutting edge.
"
The milling tool employed is cylindrical and has milling teeth at its annular end
and also at its outer side, which teeth are preferably beveled to act upon and cut
the inner face of the spur at an inclination to the floor lip, and this tool is also
preferably so shaped at its interior and just at its end as to enable it to cut
laterally into the face of the point to be threaded for the leading screw so as to
enable the cutting edge of the floor lip to meet the said point and form a part of
one of the screw threads which is to be subsequently formed therein.
As the bit is advanced on the milling tool, or vice versa, the latter besides
bevilling the floor lip, also bevils the cutting spur from its edge toward the floor
lip, and the inner wall of the said spur will be left concave whereas in other
similar bits wherein the spur is finished by a file as usual, the inner side of the
spur is straight or convexed.
Having finished the floor lip and spur at one side of the point the bit will be
turned one half around and the other floor lip and spur will be treated in like
manner
After this the point will be threaded to form the leading screw, and the bit will
be finished as usual, thus doing away with a file by which to give shape to the floor
lips and spurs.
The bed of the machine is in two parts the said parts being arranged in different
planes so that the bit being milled may be held at an angle with relation to the
centre of motion of the milling tool to thus give the proper clear or incline to the
floor lip and to place that part of the bit being treated in proper contact with
the tool
These two parts are hinged together or pivoted the one with relation to the other
according to the inclination desired for the floor lip, there being suitable adjusting
devices and set screws to confine the said parts in adjusted position.
The one part serves as a support for the head having suitable bearings for a
shaft or arbor upon the end of which is secured a novel milling or cutting tool the
said shaft having upon it a suitable belt pulley, the head being slotted and made
adjustable by suitable adjusting devices such as screws.
The cutting or milling tool is made as part of a cylinder with a series of teeth
at its outer annular end, and is bevilled at its exterior near its outer end and has
another series of teeth and just within its outer end the said tool is provided with
a cutting rim.
The other portion of the frame has guide ways to receive a carriage which has
suitable bearings to support the spindle upon which is a face, disc, or arm provided
with a pawl to engage ratchet teeth or recesses made at the inner side of a chuck
or holder having a central aperture to receive and hold the squared end of the
shank of the bit the said chuck or holder having a pintal to enter a recess in the
end of the spindle.

page_text: This pawl and ratchet enables the chuck or holder to be turned more or less to
accommodate the floor lip and spur to the tool notwithstanding variations in position
of the corners of the squared ends of the bits with relation to the edge of the floor
lip, such variations occurring by slight differences in the amount of twist put into
the pod
Instead of a pawl and ratchet, a set screw or other holding device might be
used, and therefore the said pawl and ratchet is denominated the chuck retaining
device.
The carriage will have a suitable eccentric clamp to lift a wedge by which to
secure its carriage in adjusted position in the guide ways.
A spindle has a nut which receives a screw provided with a suitable collar which
permits the screw to be rotated in the bearing by the hand wheel but prevents the
said screw from being moved longitudinally; so by turning the said screw the
spindle and chuck may be advanced at the proper speed according to the speed at
which it is desired to cut the floor lip and spur.
.
The portion of the frame last described also has adjustably connected with it by
bolt a socket which receives the round stem or shank of a rest which may be a
concaved block, the said shank being adjustably held to enable the head of the bit
to be placed in exactly the proper position for the tool to act properly upon it.
The floor lip is inclined backward from its cutting edge, and this inclination may
be varied more or less by the relative differences between the levels of the two
parts of the frame described
The shape of the inner wall of the cutting lip will depend upon the shape of the
cylindrical tool, and will be more or less bevilled according to the bevel of the said
tool and the tool being circular externally it is obvious that the inner wall of the
spur next the point to be made into a leading screw, will be left concaved and
circular
When the floor lip and spur have been cut to the proper depth, the rim is made
to cut into the base of the point to form a groove which constitutes a part of the
last thread at the base of the leading screw the part of the said thread which is
formed by the said rim being practically a continuation of the cutting edge of the
floor lip.
This may be done by changing the relative positions laterally of the tool and bit
and by moving either the rest or the head.
Instead of moving the spindle, chuck, and bit, longitudinally by the screw and
nut described, the arbor may be moved longitudinally as the cutter forms the floor
lip and the inner face of the cutting lip and to do this the following means may be
employed.
The belt pulley is connected with the shaft by a spline so that the said shaft
may be moved longitudinally in its bearings and with relation to the pulley by means
of the advancing mechanism which is composed of a forked bevilled face slide bar
which acts against a bevilled face collar fast upon the shaft.
The upward movement of the slide bar actuated by the sector which engages
teeth upon the said bar moves the shaft and its attached cutting tool forward
causing the said tool to gradually cut the floor lip of the bit.
A spiral spring surrounding the shaft and located between the collar and one of
the bearings for the shaft act normally to keep the shaft in its most backward
position or with the tool farthest from the rest.
A cutting spur such as herein described may be made thinner than in the old
plan which thus enables the spur to move readily enter or cut into the wood and
reduces the liability of the spur breaking off in the wood.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred George Brookes in the Patent Office on the 20th June
1884.
ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES of 59 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents " IMPROVEMENTS IN AUGURS OR
AUGUR BITS AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE."
(a communication to me from abroad by James Swan of Seymour in the County
of New Haven in the State of Connecticut one of the United States of America,
Manufacturer.)
This invention has for its object the production of a machine capable at one
operation of milling the floor lip and shaping the inner wall of the cutting spur
of an augur or augur bit, the bit produced by the machine to be described being
novel as regards the shape of the cutting spur as will be described.
One feature of this present invention consists in the combination with a rest
to hold the augur bit, of a rotating milling tool having its periphery toothed to
mill the inner side of the cutting spur and leave it concaved and circular, as will
be described.
Another feature of this invention consists in a rest to hold the bit, combined
with a rotating cylindrical tool provided with cutting teeth at its end and at its
periphery near its end, the former teeth acting to mill the floor lip while the
latter at the same time acts to mill and shape the cutting spur, as will be
described.
Another feature of this invention consists in combining with the above a chuck
or holder for the shank of the bit being acted upon by the rotating tool, the rest
and chuck having their centre lines out of line with relation to the centre of
rotation of the tool, to thereby enable the floor lip to be cut at an inclination, as
will be set forth.
Another feature of this invention consists in a cylindrical cutting tool for the
manufacture of augur bits, the said tool having a cylindrical body provided with
teeth at its end, and at its periphery from its toothed end backward, and with an
internal cutting rim the latter forming a groove or partial thread at the base of
the leading screw.
Another feature of invention consists in that improvement in the art or method
of making augur bits which consists in cutting the floor lip of the bit at an
inclination and concaving the inner face of its cutting spur at one and the same
operation by means of a rotating milling tool as will be described
This invention also consists in an augur bit having its cutting spurs concaved
at their inner sides facing the leading screw as will be described.
The bit to be treated in the improved machine herein described is first
roughly formed by forging or otherwise to outline the point for the leading screw
and portions for the floor lip and spurs, and the pod is formed as now commonly
practiced in the manufacture of spur bits, and the bit is then annealed and
straightened, and the point for the leading screw is milled true to its base,
and the outside of the cutting spurs are turned or milled true, all as usual.
In this condition the shank of the bit is placed in the holder or chuck, and the
pod at or near the other end of the bit is placed in or on a suitable rest, so that
the cylindrical milling tool herein to be described may act to cut the floor lip at an
incline, the tool being so shaped and the devices for holding and supporting the
bit being so placed with relation to the centre of the milling tool that the
floor lip is cut at the proper incline, or is given as it is termed the proper "fall

page_text: or clear" or so that the floor lip does not bear on the solid wood back of its
cutting edge.
The milling tool employed is cylindrical and has milling teeth at its annular
end and also at its outer side, which teeth are preferably beveled to act upon and
cut the inner face of the spur at an inclination to the floor lip, and this
tool is also preferably so shaped at its interior and just at its end as to enable
it to cut laterally into the face of the point to be threaded for the leading
screw, so as to enable the cutting edge of the floor lip to meet the said point
and form a part of one of the screw threads which is to be subsequently formed
therein.
As the bit is advanced on the milling tool, or vice-versa, the latter besides
beveling the floor-lip, also bevels the cutting spur from its edge toward the floor
lip and it will be also noticed that the inner wall of the said spur will be left
concave whereas in all other similar bits wherein the spur is finished by a file as
usual, the inner side of the spur is straight or convexed.
Having finished the floor lip and spur at one side of the point the bit will be
turned one half around and the other floor lip and spur will be treated in like
manner.
After this the point will be threaded to form the leading screw, and the bit will
be finished as usual, thus doing away with a file by which to give shape to the
floor lips and spurs.
Figure 1, in side elevation partially broken out shows a machine for the
manufacture of spur bits in accordance with this invention.
Figure 2, a top view thereof.
Figure 3, a section of the chuck and part of the spindle and locking device for
the chuck on the dotted line x-x.
Figure 4, is a section on the dotted line, Figure 1, partially broken out,
Figure 5, is a section of the cutting tool detached.
Figure 6, an end view of the head of a finished spur bit.
Figure 7, a side elevation of the head of the bit.
Figure 8, a similar view with the bit rotated one fourth around,
Figure 9, is a section of Figure 6, on the line, and
Figure 10, is a section of Figure 1, on dotted line a¹.
Referring to the drawings A A' designate the two parts of the bed of the
machine, the said parts being arranged in different planes so that the bit being
milled may be held at an angle with relation to the centre of motion of the milling
tool to thus give the proper clear or incline to the floor lip and to place that part
of the bit being treated in proper contact with the tool.
As herein shown these two parts A, A¹, are hinged together or pivoted the one
with relation to the other so that one may be more or less inclined with relation to
the other according to the inclination desired for the floor lip, there being suitable
adjusting devices A' and set screws to confine the said parts in adjusted position.
The part A serves as a support for the head B having suitable bearings for the
shaft or arbor a, upon the end of which is secured a novel milling or cutting tool C,
the said shaft having upon it a suitable belt pulley C₁, the head being slotted and
made adjustable by suitable adjusting devices b, b³, shown in Figures 1, and 2, as
screws.
The tool C, as herein shown, is made as part of a cylinder, and has a series of
teeth 2 at its outer annular end, and is beveled at its exterior near its outer end
and is provided with a series of teeth 3, and just within its outer end the said tool
is provided with a cutting rim 4.
f
The portion A of the frame has guide ways c, c to receive the carriage D which
has suitable bearings d, to support the spindle e upon which is a face, disc, or arm.
provided as herein shown with a pawl f1 to engage ratchet teeth or recesses f
made at the inner side of a chuck or holder E having a central aperture g to
receive and hold the squared end 5 of the shank of the bit F, the said chuck or
holder having a pintal g¹ to enter a recess in the end of the spindle,
J

page_text: ... This pawl and ratchet enables the chuck or holder to be turned more or less to
accomodate the floor lip and spur to the tool c notwithstanding variations in
position of the corners of the squared ends of the bits with relation to the edge of
the floor lip, such, variations occuring by slight differences in the amount of twist
put into the pod.
Instead of a pawl and ratchet, a set screw or other holding device might be used,
and therefore the said pawl and ratchet is denominated the chuck retaining device.
The carriage D will have a suitable eccentric clamp p to lift a wedge h² by which
to secure its carriage in adjusted position in the guide ways.
The spindle c has a nut 6 which receives a screw 7 provided with a suitable
collar 8, which permits the screw to be. rotated in the bearing d by the hand
wheel 9, but prevents the said screw from being moved longitudinally; so by
turning the said screw the spindle and chuck may be advanced at the proper speed
according to the speed at which it is desired to cut the floor lip and spur.
The portion A also has adjustably connected with it by bolt 12 a socket i
which receives the round stem or shank of the rest m which is shown as a
concaved block, the said shank being adjustably held to enable the head of the
bit to be placed in exactly the proper position for the tool to act properly upon it.
Referring to. Figure 1, it will be seen that the floor lip h is inclined backward
from its cutting edge h', and this inclination may be varied more or less by the
relative differences between the levels of the parts A, A¹ of the frame.
The shape of the inner wall of the cutting lip a will depend upon the shape of
the cylindrical tool, and will be more or less beveled according to the bevel of the
said tool, and the tool being circular externally it is obvious that the inner wall 15
of the spur, next the point 14 to be made into a leading screw, see Figure 6, will
be left concaved and circular rather than straight or convexed one or the other of
which conditions has always heretofore existed as this part of bits, has been
universally finished by filing.
The spur makes an annular cut into the wood in advance of the floor lip, but
the side lip of a common augur does not attack the wood in the bottom of the hole
being bored in advance of the floor-lip.
When the floor lip and spur have been cut to the proper depth, the rim 4 is
made to cut into the base of the point 14 to form a groove which constitutes a
part of the last thread at the base of the leading screw, the part of the said thread
which is formed by the said rim being practically a continuation of the cutting
edge of the floor lip.
This may be done by changing the relative positions laterally of the tool and bit
and by moving either the rest or the head.
Instead of moving the spindle, chuck, and bit, longitudinally by the screw and
nut described, the arbor a may be moved longitudinally as the cutter forms the
floor lip and the inner face of the cutting lip, and to do this the following means
have been illustrated.
The belt pulley C² is connected with the shaft a by a spline so that the said
shaft may be moved longitudinally in its bearings and with relation to the pulley C*
by means of the advancing mechanism which, as herein shown, is composed of a
forked beveled face slide bar p which acts against a beveled face collar r fast upon
the shaft a.
The upward movement of the slide bar p actuated by the sector p³ which engages
teeth upon the said bar moves the shaft a and its attached cutting tool C forward
in the direction of the arrow 15 causing the said tool to gradually cut the floor lip
of the bit.
A spiral spring surrounding the shaft a and located between the collar r, and
one of the bearings for the shaft a, acts normally to keep the shaft in its most
backward position, or with the tool C farthest from the rest m.
A cutting spur such as herein described may be made thinner than in the old
plan, which thus enables the spur to more readily enter or cut into the wood, and
reduces the liability of the spur breaking off in the wood,

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the said invention and means adapted for
carrying the same into practical effect I would have it understood that what I
claim is:-
1. The combination of a rest to hold an augur or augur bit, with a rotating
milling tool having its periphery toothed to mill the inner side of the cutting spur
and leave it concaved and circular, substantially as described.
2. The combination of the rest to hold the augur or augur bit, with a rotating
cylindrical tool provided with cutting teeth at its end and at its periphery near its
end, the former teeth acting to mill the floor lip while the latter at the same time
acts to mill and shape the cutting spur substantially as described.
3. The combination of the rest to hold the bit, and the rotating cylindrical tool
provided with cutting teeth at its end to mill the floor lip and at its periphery near
its end to shape the inner side of the cutting spur, and with a chuck or holder for
the shank of the bit being acted upon by the rotating tool, the rest and chuck
having their centre lines out of line with relation to the centre of rotation of the
tool, to thereby enable the floor lip to be cut at an inclination, as set forth.
4. The cylindrical cutting tool for the manufacture of augur bits, it having a
cylindrical body provided with teeth at its end, and at its periphery backward
from its end and with an internal cutting rim, the latter to form a groove or partial
thread at the base of the leading screw, substantially as described.
5. The herein described improvement in the art or method of making augur bits
which consists in cutting the floor lip of the bit at an inclination, and forming the
inner face of its cutting spur at one and the same operation by means of a rotating
milling tool substantially as described.
6 An augur or augur bit having its cutting spurs concaved at their inner sides
facing the leading screw, as set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred George Brookes have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twentieth day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
וזתמוזזA
A DRAAIZEN
ALFRED & BROOKES (L.D.)