Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 12th July, 1893--Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1893

page_text: is pivoted or swivelled to liquid fuel and steam supply pipes connected respectively
to a hydrocarbon supply tank and the steam generator, the arrangement being such
that the injector can be readily turned into its operative or inoperative position
at will.
An example of Cornish boiler furnace according to this invention is illustrated
at Figs. 5 and 6, the injectors being at A A.
When burning liquid fuel of the kind referred to, it is advantageous to pass it
through a filter arranged between the supply tank and the injectors. A suitable
construction of filter for this purpose comprises a covered cast iron box provided
with filtering medium consisting of horse hair placed between two transversely
arranged perforated plates the upper of which may be of brass and the lower of
wrought iron. It is also advantageous to heat the said hydrocarbon to a
temperature of about 150° F. before using it.
As hydrocarbon of the kind referred to sometimes contains water, the supply
tank in which it is stored may with advantage be provided with a cock near its
bottom by which such water can be drawn off when desired. The tank is also
provided with a gauge glass.
Dated this 11th day of October 1892.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Liquid Fuel in Steam
Generator and other Furnaces.
We, JOHN GWYNNE, of Hammersmith Iron Works, Hammersmith in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer and MICHAEL PAUL CHEPOURNOFF OF
Timashevo, in the District of Samara, Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to an improved construction and arrangement of
apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generator and other furnaces, and
which is specially suitable for burning liquid hydrocarbon of the kind known as
mazute, which is a residue obtained in refining petroleum. And in order that the
nature of this invention may be readily understood we will proceed to explain the
same, referring for this purpose to the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a plan; and
Fig. 2 a vertical section, partly in side elevation, of a liquid fuel injector
constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 3 is a sido elevation, partly in section; and
Fig. 4 is a rear elevation, illustrating the application of apparatus according to
this invention to the fire box of a locomotive engine.
Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views to Figs. 3 and 4 illustrating the application of
the apparatus to a double flued or Lancashire boiler.
The injector shown in Figs. 1. and 2 comprises two pipes or channels 1 and 2
arranged at an angle to each other and each provided with a regulating spindle 3
the longitudinal position of which can be varied to suit requirement by any suitable
means, as for example by a nut 4 arranged to turn on a screw threaded part of the
spindle but prevented from moving in an axial direction by a socket 5 screwed on
the end of the corresponding pipe. Each nut is provided with a hand wheel 6 and
each spindle works through a stuffing box 7 that effectually closes the rear end
of the corresponding pipe. The pipe 1 serves for the passage of liquid fuel whilst
the pipe 2 servos for the passage of steam, these fluid substances being admitted
through suitably arranged inlets 1ª, 2 respectively from any convenient sources of
supply. The pipes terminate at their forward ends in or are connected to a casing &

page_text: that is or may be of approximately spherical form as shown. This casing, which
may for convenience of manufacture be made in two parts as shown, is formed with
two discharge apertures at 9, or these may be merged at the outer end into one
discharge aperture, if desired, through which the forward ends of the regulating
spindles 3 can pass, and with a partition or diaphragm 10 that serves to prevent
the liquid fuel and steam supplied through the two pipes becoming mixed together
until after they have passed through the said discharge apertures. The said
diaphragm, which in the example shown is clamped between the halves of the
casing 8, may advantageously be of some good heat conductor, such as brass, so
that the liquid fuel will have its temperaturo raised, by heat conducted through the
diaphragm from the steam, before 'issuing from the chamber.
Each pipe 1 and 2 may advantageously be provided with a tubular extension
such as 1 Fig. 1 arranged opposite to the fluid inlet 1 or 2 as the case may be,
so that the same may be cleared out when necessary. This tubular extension is
normally closed by a screw plug 1°.
In applying injectors of the kind described to a locomotive boiler, the injectors
are arranged to project into the fire box as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the liquid fuel
supply pipe 1 of each injector being uppermost. Each injector is fed with liquid
fuel by gravity from a suitably arranged tank 11 by a supply pipe 12 having a
cock 12, and is fed with steam from the boiler by a supply pipe 13 having a
cock 13. Air is admitted to the fire box by opening a hinged door or flap 14 or
by suitably controlled valves.
As will be readily understood the arrangement is such that the supply of
liquid fuol, steam and air can be readily controlled from the foot plate of the
engine.
-
Although the liquid fuel supply tank 11 is shown placed upon the locomotive
boiler, it will be obvious that it can be placed upon the tender and be connected
with the injectors by flexible tubing.
In applying the improved injectors to boilers of the Cornish, Lancashire or
marine type, it is advantageous to provide each furnace flue at the botton with a
lining 15 of refractory material (see Figs. 5 and 6) such as firebrick the injectors
being so arranged that flame therefrom does not play upon the said lining. This
lining may be made hollow as shown to serve as an air passage 15 for the entrance
of air to the flue. A hinged door 14 or suitably arranged openings with valves are
provided for controlling the admission of air to the flue. In the case of large
boilers, such as marine boilers, each flue, instead of being provided with one
injector only, as shown, may be provided with two injectors of the kind described
arranged one above the other, and of which the lower may be made smaller than
the upper one. In this case the upper injector may be fixed about four inches
above the centre of the furnace flue and have an outlet aperture for oil of about
11 millimetres width and 3 millimetres depth, the outlet for steam having a width
of 15 millimetres and a depth of 3 millimetres. The lower and smaller injector
may be fixed about four inches above the top of the fire brick lining at the
bottom of the flue and have an outlet for fuel 7 millimetres in width and 3 milli-
metres in depth, and an outlet for steam 11 millimetres in width and 3 millimetres
in depth.
When commencing to put the boiler in use, the air valves are opened, the
injectors kept closed, and the water in the boiler heated by the combustion of
suitable material such as shavings and wood to a temperature sufficient to produce
a pressure of say ten pounds of steam. A convenient way to then start each
injector is to hold a piece of ignited oily waste near the outlet openings of the
injector and then to turn on a small quantity of steam and directly afterwards the
liquid fuel, the further supply of steam and liquid fuel being suitably controlled
by the regulating spindles 3 of the injector.
It is important to get rid of any water of condensation that may be in the
steam pipe or pipes, by opening the steam regulator 3 before lighting the
injector.

page_text: "
When steam is raised to, the proper pressure in the boiler and the engine
connected therewith is fairly at work, the flame from each injector should be kept
at a moderately bright red by suitably operating the regulating spindles 3.
When the boiler flue, or each flue, if more than one be used, is provided with
two injectors, both injectors may be used simultaneously unless steam is being made
too fast in which case the upper injector should be put out of action and the
bottom one alone used. When the heating of the boiler is to cease, care must be
taken that the two injectors are not shut off simultaneously. The upper one should
be shut off for a short time, say fifteen minutes, before the lower one, after which
the furnace door and air valves should be immediately closed to prevent cold air
entering the combustion chamber and causing rapid cooling and consequent damage
of the boiler plates.
Each injector may advantageously be carried by its liquid fuel and steam inlet
pipes 1 and 2 which are pivoted or swivelled in any convenient manner at 12"
and 13 respectively to the liquid fuel and steam supply pipes 12 and 13 as shewn
in Figs. 4 and 6, the arrangement being such that the injector can be readily
turned into its operative or inoperative position at will. Any suitable means,
such as catches are provided for securely holding each injector in position
for use.
When burning liquid fuel of the kind referred to, it is advantageous to pass it
through a filter arranged between the supply tank and the injectors, and which
may comprise a covered cast iron box provided with a filtering medium consisting
of horse hair placed between two transversely arranged perforated plates the upper
of which may be of brass and the lower of wrought iron. It is also advantageous
to heat the said hydrocarbon to a temperature of about but not exceeding 190° F.
before using it, and to supply the boiler with hot water at the commencement of
working.
As hydrocarbon of the kind referred to sometimes contains water, the supply
tank in which it is stored may with advantage be provided with a cock near its
bottom by which such water can be drawn off when desired. The tank is or may
be also provided with a gauge glass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. An injector or apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generator and other
furnaces comprising two separate pipes or channels connected together at an
angle to one another with their discharge apertures near together, one of these
pipes serving for passage of liquid fuel and the other for steam, and each being
provided with an independent longitudinally adjustable regulating spindle for
controlling its discharge aperture substantially as herein described for the purpose
specified.
2. An injector or apparatus for burning liquid fuel in steam generator and other
furnaces, comprising two pipes one for liquid fuel and the other for steam, these
pipes being arranged at an angle to each other and each provided with a longi-
tudinally adjustable regulating spindle and with an inlet for steain or liquid fuel, a
chamber in communication with the forward ends of the said pipes and formed with
a discharge aperture or apertures through which the forward ends of the said
regulating spindles can pass, and a metal partition or diaphragm arranged within
the said chamber so as to prevent communication between the forward ends of
said pipes within said chamber substantially as hereinbefore described with reference
to and shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings annexed.
4
3. In apparatus for burning liquid fuel, the combination with a combustion
chamber of furnace; of a liquid fuel injector having separate pipes or channels for
the passage of liquid, fuel and steam arranged one above the other and each
provided, with a longitudinally adjustable regulating spindle, liquid fuel and steam 5
supply pipes connected respectively with a raised liquid fuel supply reservoir aud
d

page_text: with the said steam generator, and inlet pipes swivelled to said supply pipes
and connected to the liquid fuel and steam pipes of the said injector. the several-
parts being constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and in Figs. 1, 2, 5
and 6 of the drawings annexed, or modified by the use in connection with each
furnace flue, of two injectors of the kind described arranged one above the other as
ect forth.
Dated this 12th any U1 July 1990.
W. Lloyd Wise,
JOHN GWYNNE.
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.