AN IMPROVED METHOD OR SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTING, DIVIDING, REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND MEASURING ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough, of the Office for Patents
15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTING,
DIVIDING, REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND MEASURING ELECTRIC CURRENTS
IN THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND
OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by William Edward
Sawyer, of New York City, County, and State, and Albin Man, of Brooklyn,
County of Kings, State of New York, United States of Americ..
Sealed the 21st February 1879, and dated the 19th November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the. said Frederick John Cheesbrough
at the office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1878.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OR SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTING, DIVIDING; REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND
MEASURING ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO
ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES." [A communication from
abroad by William Edward Sawyer, of New York City, County, and State, and
Albon Man, of Brooklyn, County of Kings, State of New York, United States of
America.]
In order that this Invention may be fully understood I have hereunto attached
three Sheets of Drawings which illustrate the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, reference being had to the Drawings which are marked
with letters and figures of reference corresponding with those in the following
Specification.
The object of this Invention is to obtain a perfect distributing division, regulation,
und mensuration of electric currents' as applied particularly to electric lighting,

page_text: although the practical application of the Invention is not limited to electric lighting
apparatus, it being equally applicable to many other well known electric apparatus.
The said Invention consists of several parts to be hereinafter described, the
several parts appertaining more or less to each other, and all contributing to the
complete system, the several parts being novel, as well in themselves as in their
combination into a system as a whole.
Part first of this Invention consists,-
Firstly. Of a novel method and apparatus by means of which electrical circuits
containing electric lamps are supplied with electricity absolutely uniform in volumn,
and by means of which only so much current as is necessary to meet the demand is
automatically supplied, and by means of which the motive power driving the
generator is automatically increased or diminished in proportion as the number of
lighted lamps is increased or diminished in the circuit of a system.
Secondly. Of a novel distributing system by means of which the current of a
single electrical generator may be divided among an indefinite number of lamps.
Thirdly. Of an electric lamp lighting apparatus which not only turns the current
on to and off from the lamp gradually, but admits of regulating the light proceeding
from the lamp to any desired intensity, and at the same time avoids the danger of
fracturing the carbon of the lamp, and of interrupting or changing the resistance of
the circuit containing the lamp whenever it is lighted or extinguished.
Part second of this Invention consists of an electric apparatus operating to
measure the amount of current consumed in a given time by the lamp or other
apparatus in the circuit.
Part third of this Invention consists of a novel method of practically distributing
electric currents in towns or cities for the purpose of supplying the street lamps or
buildings thereof with electricity in any quantity within the scope of the generator's
power.
The foregoing is a general statement of the several parts of this Invention, and
the following is a detail description of them and of the manner of bringing them in
their right relation to each other for operation as a whole, and of the manner of
operating them.
Part first, reference being had to the Drawings
Figure 1 illustrates an electric lamp lighting switch," and Figures 2, 3, and 4
are diagrams of distributing circuits in connection therewith. Figure 1 consists of
a suitable metallic holder A fitted with a groove in its face to carry and hold in
position a sliding piece B to which is fixed a flat spring b, to one end of which is
secured a cross piece, which, as the slide is moved, makes contact successively
with the sixteen pins E, E, and E¹ E¹, arranged eight on each side of the spring b.
The movement of the slide B backward and forward is accomplished by turning
the crank D and D' which rotates upon a suitable stud d set in the frame or bed
plate of the switch. At each revolution of the crank the pin e fixed in the hub of
the crank engages with a tooth C and moves the slide forward one tooth until it
has acted upon the last in the slides, when farther motion in that direction is
prevented by contact of the cross piece b with the stop pin 6.
Turning the crank in the opposite direction in like manner moves the slide back-
ward until its motion is arrested by contact of the pin a with the armature lever G.
In lighting an electric lamp it is important to turn on the current gradually,
otherwise fractures of the carbon burners may ensue. It is possible also that at
times when the current is fully turned on to the lamp there may occur an inter-
ruption in the supply, extinguishment of the light then follows, and the carbon
grows cool. Suppose now that the circuit of the lamp not having been destroyed,
but being set for the full force of the current, the supply is suddenly renewed,
instantly the illuminating carbon is heated from a low to an exceedingly high
temperature, and its fracture may be expected. The electro magnet Fattached to
the switch effectually guards against this danger.
Unless the current is circulating in its coils the lamp cannot be lighted, and if
here be an interruption in the supply the current cannot circulate in its coils,

page_text: although the supply may be renewed until the lamp shall first have been taken out
of the circuit.
The armature F¹ is fixed to the bent lever G (pivoted at e), one extremity of
which plays between the studs g and g³, according as the magnet is or is not actuated
by the current. The spring f acts to force the armature away from the magnet,
and establish a connection between the lever G and the stud g.
The current from the + side of the generator enters the lever G, and when the
circuit is in its normal condition passes by way of the stud g' through the coils of
the magnet F to the slide holder A; then by way of the slide B, spring b, cross
piece b, and the eight pins E¹ to the lamp, and outward at the point. Now a
sudden interruption occurs instantly the armature is forced away from the magnet
by the spring f, and contact of the lever G with the stud is established. The
lamp is not entirely out of the circuit and the current flows solely from the lever
through the stud g and resistance R outward at the - point.
-
It is in this position the switch is shown, and the lamp can never be relighted
unless the slide B be moved back until the cross piece bnakes contact with
pin 1 E when the pin a strikes the lever G and forces the armature within the
grasp of the magnet, and at the same time establishes a connection between G and
g; then if there be a supply of the current, the lamp may be lighted by moving
the slide B forward, but if there be no supply moving the slide forward will simply
release the armature, and the lever G will again move to the stud g.
It is found that the internal resistance of a properly devised and constructed
electric lamp lighted by incandesence is about a sixteenth of an ohm, and it is
clearly important to the end that the conditions surrounding other lamps in circuit
may not be affected that the 1 resistance of the circuit from the + to
- points
shall be constant whether the lamp be in or. out of the circuit, or whether it be
lighted feebly or at its full head. Therefore when the lamp is out of the circuit,
i.e., when the cross piece rests upon the pins 1, 1, the current flows by way of
the pin 1 E through the sixteenth of an ohm, resistance R, and outward at the
points. Thus when the lamp is entirely cut out the resistance of the circuit. is
precisely the same as when the lamp is fully lighted. The pins 1 E¹ and 8 E serve
no useful purpose other than to keep the cross piece b¹ in position.
-
Assuming now that it is desired to light the lamp, the current is let.on by
sevenths, but any other small fraction pursued regularly or varied may be substi-
tuted, a single turn of the crank advances the cross piece b¹ upon the two pins 2, 2,
and the current divides six sevenths of it, passing through resistance R¹ of one
tenth of an ohm, and resistance R of six tenths of an ohm outward at point.
The resistance of the first circuit, which we will call the shunt, is therefore 7 ohm,
and that of the lamp 4, .2 ohms, making the resistance from the + point to the
- point 6 ohm.
-
At the next turn of the erank the cross piece b₁ bears upon pins. 3, 3, and the
resistance is as follows:-In the shunt circuit, 84 ohm; in the lamp circuit, 21, =
6 ohm. Upon pins 4, 4, the resistance is in the shunt circuit 105, in the lamp
circuit 1.4, 6 ohm. Upon pins 5, 5, the resistance is, in the shunt circuit 14, in
the lamp circuit 1.05, 6 ohm. Upon pins.6, 6, the resistance is, in the shunt
circuit 2-1, in the lamp circuit 84, 6 ohm. Upon pins 7, 7, the resistance is, in
the shunt circuit 4-2, in the lamp circuit 7, 6 ohm. Upon pins 8, 8, the current
no longer flows through the shunt circuit, but solely through the lamp, the resistance
of which is 6 ohm.
=
1
=
To distribute the current from a single generator to two or more electric lamps,
engines, or other apparatus we also have recourse to a commutator in connection
with the generator, which, when there are two circuits from the generator, transmits
the electric impulse alternately into each, and when there are more than two.
circuits transmits these impulses seriatim into the several circuits.
The method of distribution will be readily understood upon reference to Figure 2
of the Drawing, in which H is a rotating circuit breaker which alternately establishes
and disrupts the circuit from the + side of the generator through the two springs. I

page_text: and I¹. Let A, B, C, D, of Figure 2, represent the lighting apparatus of Figure 1.
Now when the spring I is in connection with the rotating commutator disk H the
current entering the lamp 1 passes out by way of the point
The rotation of
the eccentric disc now disrupts the current, and by its contact with the spring I¹
the current also passing out from the lamp by way of the point
Were this the
whole of the operation the current in each lamp would obviously be intermittent
and the light emitted correspondingly so, but by the use of electric condensers J
and J¹ the current in the lamp 1 and 2 is rendered continuous, the condensers being
so arranged that their discharge through the lamp fills up the gap (so to speak)
between the impulses from the generator.
Figure 3 of the Drawing indicates merely an extension of the plan or method.
The impulses from the first commutator 1, I, I, are resolved into a continuous
current by means of the condensers J and J³ being directed by means of commu-
tators H³, 12, 13, and H2, 14, 15, between sub currents X, Y, and lamps 1, 2, 3, and 4
provided with condensers J, J, J4, and J. It is obvious that this system of
subdivision may be continued indefinitely, using one or more condensers, as circum-
stances may require, for any number of lamps. In Figure 4 of the Drawings there
is substituted for a condenser in a shunt circuit electro magnets or inducing
coils K and K¹ in the direct circuit, the impulses from the commutator, while
actuating the lamps, charge the coil. Upon cessation of the impulses the coil
discharges a current of the same direction as that which actuated it. The current
in each of the circuits is thus rendered continuous.
By Figures 5, 6, and 7 of the Drawing is shown an adjunct of the distributing
apparatus by means of which and its connections with the motive power actuating
the electric generator, the supply of current is increased or decreased according to
the wants of the lamps or other apparatus in operation. Figure 5 is a side
elevation of this apparatus; Figure 6, a top view; and Figure 7, a cross section. .A
is any suitable base piece; B, an electro magnet; C, an elongated armature upon
the end of a T shaped cog bar I arranged to slide in grooves cut in piece E, which
piece is pivoted at P in standard F; H and I are pinion wheels meshing in the
cogs D, according as that bar is tipped one way or the other. These pinion wheels
are in constant motion (motive power not shown) rotating in opposite directions
as indicated by the arrows, When the magnet is not of sufficient power, the
spring M, by means of roller L which it carries, depresses the rod D so as to cause
its cogs to mesh with pinion I. When the magnet B is strong enough to over-
come the spring M the cogs of rod D are thrown out of gear with pinion I and into
gear with pinion H; G is a steam chest containing valves operated by a rod K
jointed at O with rod J, and rod J is jointed at N with the cog bar D. The rod K
moves to the right or left and opens or closes the steam valve according as the
spring M or magnet B preponderates in power; Q is the generator of electricity ;
the points + and represent the working parts of the circuits of the con-
ductors R, S, T. The magnet B is constantly in the circuit of the conductor.
When the supply of current is about right the cog bar D will be in a state of
vibration over the pinions I and H. When the circuit of conductor S is made but
half the current originally flowing in R passes through R and the effect upon
magnet B is lessened; the armature C then rises and rod D neshes into piniou I,
whereby the valve is moved and more steam let into the engine and the generator
correspondingly actuated. When the circuit T is established the flow through R is
again diminished and a similar operation of the parts results.
It will be seen that the generator so controls the steam or other power actuating
the generator of electricity, that the power is increased or diminished as the demand
for the current is increased or diminished, and while I have shown the result as
accomplished in one way, I do not intend to limit the Invention to the precise
apparatus and the manner of its operation shown and described. It is preferred, as
shown and described to place a sensitive magnetic apparatus in the circuit of the
generator, which when a lamp is lighted, so. as to speak, automatically takes
cognizance thereof and supplies that quantity of steam to the engine which is

page_text: necessary to drive the generator at that speed which will give the exact require
volume of electricity. The apparatus is so constructed however that the regulator
may be made to start different generators or couple different parts of a single
generator in circuit, as may be required to supply the current, or the regulator may
be arranged to control the current by the automatic changing of resistances. There
are in fact many ways naturally suggestive to vary the application of the Invention,
and hence the Invention is not limited to the employment of any special form of
apparatus, but includes also the substance of the form.
Here ends a detail description of part first of this Invention, which it will be
seen embraces and includes a novel arrangement, combination, and application of
electric circuits and lamps in relation to each other, and also a novel distributing
division, gradual and safe application of the electric currents to and through the
same.
Part second of the Invention consists, as before stated, of an "electric measuring
apparatus," a detail description of which is as follows, reference being had t
Figure 8 of the Drawing:-
The object of this part of this Invention is to provide a meter or register of the
current expended in the production of electric light, and such a device being
entirely new in the arts, it is intended to claim it broadly as an electric meter, as
well as a part of the system comprising this Invention as a whole, and it is not
intended to confine this Invention to the particular form thereof as it appears by
the Drawings, but it is intended to embrace all forms of meter that include the
substance of the form here shown and described;
The meter illustrated and particularly described is one which indicates with dial
hands the current expended, in which respect the apparatus does not differ materially
from an ordinary gas meter, and it is preferred to actuate it by electro magnetism,
although the apparatus has been very carefully considered for registering by marks
or indentations made upon a roll of paper and mechanism energized by the
expansion of metallic conductors from electric heating. The quantity of current
being easily determined, the element of time is the prime factor in ascertaining the
amount of current consumed. There is therefore placed in a building supplied with
electric lamps a meter which indicates exactly how many hours in a given period'
these lamps may be lighted, viz., a meter which, if there are ten lamps in a building,
and each of them be run for ten hours, will indicate a use of one hundred
hours.
It is presumable that at least as often as once a month the index will be noted,
and it is preferred to actuate the mechanism by ordinary clockwork to be wound
up once a month, though it is obvious that clockwork may be employed to be
actuated by the electric current which will not require to be wound up.
For the sake of simplicity only the salient parts of the meter are shown by the
Drawing, omitting the clockwork and case or cover, and such other parts as are
well known to those familar with mechanisms of this kind.
Referring to the Drawing, D is a metallic cylinder fixed to shaft D1, which is pro-
vided with suitable bearings (not shown), and rotated by the clockwork of which
the reciprocating balance wheel A actuated in one direction by an ordinary coil
spring B constitutes the governor. The cylinder D is provided with as many
metallic contact "pins E set spirally as there are lamps whose operation is to be
indicated, and these pins as the cylinder is rotated in the direction of the arrow
make connection when the lamps are in operation with the spring armature levers
F of electro magnets G. When there is no current flowing in the coils of magnets
G, the levers F are forced by spring I away from the magnets to contact with
the stops H so that the pins E may pass without making connection with the
levers.
All the armature levers F work freely upon shaft J held in suitable standards,
not shewn by the Drawing. Running along under the outer ends of the levers Fis
a metal strip K fixed to shaft L, L, which when the magnets G are energizel is
forced upward by spiral springs acting against arm L' fixed to the shaft L, I.

page_text: -
To the metal strip K is fixed an arın M, carrying a light flat spring N, to which
is fixed a bent piece O, the object of which will soon be apparent.
The electric current entering at the point traverses a resistance R, passes
through the several lighting apparatus of the lamps 1, 2, and 3, and thence outward
at the point. R', R, R, are intended to indicate the place of the lump lighting
apparatus, and the resistance R2, R2, R2, serve when a lamp is lighted to direct a
portion of the current through the coils of the electro magnets G, the current being
as shown by the broken lines.
To understand the operation of this part of the Invention, let it be assumed that
the lamps are not actuated. The magnets G. not being energized, their armature
levers F, are raised, and the strip K also being raised holds the bent piece in the
path of the bent piece C, fixed to the chronometer balance A, and the motion of the
clockwork and consequently of cylinder D is stayed. At this point a lamp is
lighted; instantly one of the magnets G is energized its armature lever F is attracted,
and coming in contact with the strip K, depresses it, by which the bent piece () is
thrown to the left and an impetus imparted to the chronometer balance by reason
of the effort of the bent piece 0 to disengage itself from the bent piece C. The
bent piece O being no longer in the path of C, the balance A begins and continues
its reciprocating motion, passing from the position shown in the Drawing to that in
which reaches the point A¹ and thence back again, thus permitting the cylinder
D to rotate in the direction of the arrow.
It makes no difference which of the armature levers F is actuated, any one (or
all of them together) serve to set the clockwork in motion. It is apparent that the
clockwork may be kept continually in motion, but it is preferred that it shall run
only so long as the lamps are in operation.
Let it be assumed that the lamps are all extinguished, there being no magnet G
energized and no lever depressing the strip K, the bent piece 0 drops into the
path of C, which as the balance A carries it to the left rides over piece O by the
yielding of spring N, and the motion of the clockwork is stopped. The effect of the
rotation of cylinder D) is as follows:-By means of the resistance R a portion of
the current of the branch or main when a pin E makes connection with a iever F
as shown by the circuit of the light lines is caused to energize an electro magnet S,
the current passing from one side of R to the cylinder D, thence by way of a pin E
to a lever F, and thence by way of shaft J to the magnet S and armature to the
other side of R.
If but one lamp is lighted the magnet S will be energized but once in a revolu-
tion; if two are lighted it will be energized twice, and if three are lighted three.
times and so on. At each action of the magnet S its armature lever T pivoted at.
This attracted against spiral spring 12, and by means of pawl T2 held upward by
spring T3 causes the ratchet wheel U to rotate one tooth. Thus if but one lamp be
in operation, the ratchet wheel U will move but one tooth in one revolution of the
cylinder D, and if all the lamps are in operation the ratchet will be constantly
rotated by the constant vibration of the armature lever T.
The operation of the remainder of the apparatus is apparent, there being as many
gears and pinions, hands and dials, as may be desired.
The pinion V fixed to ratch wheel U actuates gear W, and pinion W¹ fixed to
gear W actuates gear X. The bands Q, Q1, indicate upon disc P, P, the current
expended.
To properly estimate the consumption of current, so to speak, a lamp should be
operated for a given number of hours and the indicators upon the dials noted.
A single lamp operated for the same length of time will invariably present the
same record, and two lamps will present a record of twice the value of one lamp,
and so on to any extent desired.
Part third of the Invention consists as above stated of a novel method of practi-
cally distributing electric circuits and currents through the blocks and streets of
cities, towns, and villages. The number of blocks may be more or less as may seem
desirable, and the supplying station may be located wherever may seem most

page_text: desirable. There may be any number of generators and conductors employed, and
they inay be located in the most convenient or desirable places to supply the lamps
and buildings of streets and blocks.
In concluding the description of this Invention, it must be repeated that it
consists not only of the method or systein as a whole, but also of the several parts
and subdivisions in whole and in detail; the following points or parts being
einbraced and included in it, viz.,—
First. In a single conductor supplied with electricity, two or more lamps in the
circuit of said conductor, and a shunt around each lamp containing a switch.
Second. In a single conductor supplied with electricity, two or more lamps in the
circuit of said conductors, and a shunt round each lamp containing a resistance.
Third. In a single conductor supplied with electricity, two or more lamps in the
circuit of said conductor, and a shunt around each lamp containing an adjustable
resistance.
Fourth. In an electric lighting system in which two or more electric lamps are
supplied with electricity from a generator common to both or all of them, the
combination with an electric lamp of a secondary circuit, the switch for which
destroys the continuity of the secondary circuit at the instant that it directs the
flow of current through the lamp, and destroys the continuity of circuit through
the lamp at the instant that it completes the secondary circuit with or without a
resistance plain or adjustable around such lamp, substantially as shown and
described.
Fifth. In an electric lighting system in which two or more electric lamps are
supplied with electricity from a generator common to both or all of them, the
combination with two main conductors, leading one from each pole of the generator
in a course perfectly parallel of branches connecting the two main conductors at the
requisite intervals, in which branches are placed electric lamps provided with
circuit continuity preserving apparatus, so that the flow through any branch may
never be broken, whether the lamp in that branch is or is not in operation.
Sixth. In an electrical regulator, the combination of two paramagnetic parts
C and B, operating substantially as set forth.
Seventh. In an electric lighting system, a generator of electricity, two or more
electric lamps supplied thereby, and in an independent electro magnet switch or
regulator energized by the current from the generator, and acting automatically
upon the occurrence of any change of electrical condition in the circuit or circuits
supplied to allow of a corresponding change in the quantity or intensity of the
current generated.
Eighth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switch, which in lighting a
lamp gradually removes a resistance from the circuit thereof.
Ninth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switch, which while
preserving the continuity of the circuit gradually removes a resistance from the
circuit of the lamp.
Tenth. The combination with an electric lamp of a resistance in the circuit
thereof, which is lessened as the resistance of the lamp is increased.
Eleventh. The bereinbefore described method of lighting an
electric lamp,
consisting in causing the flow of current in such lamp to increase in strength
slowly.
Twelfth. The combination with an electric lamp and lamp lighting switch of
two electrical circuits connected therewith, the switch operating to reduce the
resistance of one circuit and increase the resistance of the other, in such manner
that at each reduction in the resistance of one circuit there will be an increase in
the resistance of the other.
Thirteenth. The combination of an electric lamp and a lamp lighting switch of
electrical circuits, so arranged that as the resistance in the circuit of the lamp is
lessened, and consequently inore current caused to flow through the lamp, the
resistance of an extraneous channel or channels is increased, each reduction in the

page_text: resistance of the lamp circuit being accomplished by such increase in the resistance
of the extraneous channel or channels that the resistance of the main or branch
circuit, which contains the circuit of the lamp and the extraneous channel or
channels is maintained at a constant quantity or nearly so.
Fourteenth. The combination with an electric lamp and a shunt or derived
circuit around the lamp, of a switch which operates to light the lamp by increasing
the resistance of the shunt or derived circuit.
Fifteenth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switching apparatus,
which after an interruption of the flow of the current operates to cut the lamp out
of the circuit of such switching apparatus before it can be relighted.
Sixteenth. The combination with an electric lamp lighting switch of an appa-
ratus, which operates to prevent the completion of the lamp circuit, when there is.
no current to energize the lamp.
Seventeenth. The combination of an electric lamp lighting switch with an
apparatus energized by the current which actuates the lamp, and that operates to
prevent the opening of the lamp circuit to the flow of the current when there is no
supply.
Eighteenth. The combination with an electric lamp lighting switch of an
apparatus energized by the current which actuates the lamp, and that operates
when there is an interruption in the flow of the current to close the circuit of the
lamp against a sudden recurrence of such flow.
Nineteenth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switching apparatus,
which after an interruption of the flow of the current operates to introduce a
resistance into the circuit of the switching apparatus and the lamp before the lamp
can be lighted.
Twentieth. In an electric lighting system an electrical apparatus energized by
the current flowing in such system, which when there is an abnormal flow of
current in a part or parts of such system, automatically operates to disrupt, dis-
connect or change the current of such part or parts.
Twenty first. In an electric lighting system, two or more conductors supplied
with electricity by the generator of electricity, which is the common source of
supply for such system, and in each of these conductors or in circuits derived there-
from two or more electric lamps, the same being so arranged for the purpose of
insuring the necessary distribution and subdivision of the current, without artificial
lengthening of the circuits by the introduction of resistances, which would only
waste the current, as set forth.
Twenty second. An electric distributing system in which the current from a
single generator transmitted intermittently through two or more circuits, is
rendered continuous in such circuits by induction apparatus energized by such
intermittently transmittent current.
Twenty third. The combination with one or more electric lamps of a meter or
register, showing the consumption or expenditure of current in operating the same.
Twenty fourth. The combination with one or more electric lamps of a meter or
register, showing the time during which the said lamp or lamps are operated.
Twenty fifth. A meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of current
in the operation of one or more electric lamps, consisting of a dial or dials actuated
by the current.
Twenty sixth. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of
current in the operation of one or more electric lamp apparatus, actuated by the
current to indicate the time during which the operation of the same continues.
Twenty seventh. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of
current in the operation of one or more electric lamp mechanism, set in motion by
the current upon the lighting of a lamp, and stopped upon the extinguishment of
the same or all the lamps.

page_text: Twenty eighth. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of
current in the operation of one or more electric lamps, the combination with
primary apparatus for setting a clockwork in motion of secondary apparatus,
actuated by any one or more lamp to actuate the primary apparatus.
Twenty ninth. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of
current in the operation of one or more electric lamps, the combination with such
lamp or lamps of apparatus energized by the current operating such lamp or
lamps.
Thirtieth. In an electric light meter, the cylinder D presenting spirally arranged
points of contact.
Thirty first. In an electric light meter, the combination of the cylinder D and
levers F.
Thirty second. In an electric light meter, combination of the cylinder D and
electro magnet G.
Thirty third. In an electric light meter, the combination of the lever and
magnet G.
Thirty fourth. In an electric light meter, the combination of the lever F and
strip K.
Thirty fifth. In an electric light meter, the combination of the detent piece O
and spring N.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th May 1879.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OR SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTING, DIVIDING, REGULATING, CONTROLLING, AND
MEASURING ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO
ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by William Edward Sawyer, of New York City, County, and State, and
Albon Man, of Brooklyn, County of Kings, State of New York, United States of
America.
In order that this Invention may be fully understood, I have hereunto attached a
Sheets of Drawings, which illustrates the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, reference being had to the Drawings, which are marked
with letters and figures of reference corresponding with those in the following
Specification.
The object of this Invention is to obtain a perfect distribúting division, regula-
tion, and mensuration of electric currents as applied particularly, to electric
lighting, although the practical application of the Invention is not limited to electric
lighting apparatus, it being equally applicable to many other well known electric
apparatus.
The said Invention consists of several parts to be hereinafter described, the several
parts appertaining more or less to each other, and all contributing to the complete
system, the several parts being novel as well in themselves as in their combination
into a system as a whole.
Part first of this Invention consists,
Firstly. Of a novel method and apparatus, by means of which electrical circuits
containing electric lamps are supplied with electricity absolutely uniform in volumn,
and by means of which only so much current as is necessary to meet the demand is
automatically supplied, and by means of which the motive power driving the
generator is automatically increased or diminished in proportion as the number of
lighted lamps is increased or diminished in the circuit of a system.
Secondly. Of a novel distributing system, by means of which the current of a
single electrical generator may be divided among an indefinite number of lamps.
Thirdly. Of an electric lamp lighting apparatus, which not only turns the current
on to and off from the lamp gradually, but admits of regulating the light proceeding
from the lamp to any desired intensity, and at the same time avoids the danger of
fracturing the carbon of the lamp, and of interrupting or changing the resistance of
the circuit containing the lamp, whenever it is lighted or extinguished.
Part second of this Invention consists of an electric apparatus operating to measure
the amount of current consumed in a given time by the lamp or other apparatus in
the circuit.
a
Part third of this Invention consists of a novel method of practiclly distributing
electric currents in towns or cities, for the purpose of supplying the street lamps
or buildings thereof with electricity in any quantity within the scope of the gene-
rator's power.
The foregoing is a general statement of the several parts of the Invention, and
the following is a detail description of them, and of the manner of bringing them
in their right relation to each other for operation as a whole, and of the manner of
operating them.
Part first, reference being had to the Drawings,
Figure 1 illustrates an "electric lamp lighting switch," and Figures 2, 3, and 4
are diagrams of distributing circuits in connection therewith. Figure 1 consists of
a suitable metallic holder A, fitted with a groove in its face to carry and hold in

page_text: position a sliding piece B, to which is fixed a flat spring b, to one end of which is
secured a cross piece b', which as the slide is moved makes contact successively
with the sixteen pins E, E, and E¹, E¹, arranged eight on each side of the
spring b.
The movement of the slide B backward and forward is accomplished by turning
the crank D and D¹, which rotates upon a suitable stud d set in the frame or bed
plate of the switch. At each revolution of the crank, the pin C fixed in the hub
of the crank engages with a tooth c and moves the slide forward one tooth until it
has acted upon the last in the slide, when further motion in that direction is
prevented by contact of the cross piece b¹ with the stop pin b².
Turning the crank in the opposite direction in like manner moves the slide
backward until its motion is arrested by contact of the pin a with the armature
lever G. In lighting an electric lamp it is important to turn on the current gradually,
otherwise fractures of the carbon burners may ensue. It is possible also that at
times, when the current is fully turned on to the lamp, there may occur an inter-
ruption in the supply, extinguishment of the light then follows, and the carbon
grows cool. Suppose now that the circuit of the lamp not having been destroyed
but being set for the full force of the current, the supply is suddenly renewed,
instantly the illuminating carbon is heated from a low to an exceedingly high tem-
perature, and its fracture may be expected. The electro magnet F attached to the
switch effectually guards against this danger.
Unless the current is circulating in its coils the lamp cannot be lighted, and if
there be an interruption in the supply the current cannot circulate in its coils,
although the supply may be renewed until the lamp shall first have been taken out
of the circuit.
The armature F¹ is fixed to the bent lever G (pivoted at E), one extremity of
which plays between the studs g and g¹, according as the magnet is or is not
actuated by the current. The spring facts to force the armature away from the
magnet and establish a connection between the lever G and the stud g.
-
The current from the + side of the generator enters the lever G, and when the
circuit is in its normal condition passes by way of the stud g' through the coils of
the magnet to the slide holder A, then by way of the slide B, spring b, cross
piece b, and the eight pins E¹ to the lamp and outward at the point. Now a
sudden interruption occurs instantly the armature is forced away from the magnet
by the spring f, and contact of the lever G with the stud g is established. The
lamp is not entirely out of the circuit, and the current flows solely from the lever
through the stud g and resistance R outward at the point.
-
It is in this position the switch is shown, and the lamp can never be relighted
unless the slide B be moved back until the cross piece b₁ makes contact with
pin 1 E, when the pin a strikes the lever G and forces the armature within the
grasp of the magnet, and at the same time establishes a connection between G
and g'; then if there be a supply of the current the lamp may be lighted by
moving the slide B forward, but if there be no supply, moving the slide forward
will simply release the armature, and the lever G will again move to the stud g.
It is found that the internal resistance of a properly devised and constructed
electric lamp lighted by incandescence is about a sixteenth of an ohm, and it is
clearly important to the end that the conditions surrounding other lamps in circuit
may not be affected, that the 1 resistance of the circuit from the + to - points
shall be constant, whether the lamp be in or out of the circuit, or whether it be
lighted.feebly or at its full head. Therefore when the lamp is out of the circuit, i.e.,
when the cross piece ¹ rests upon the pins 1, 1, the current flows by way of the
pin E through the sixteenth of an ohm, resistance R, and outward at the
points. Thus, where the lamp is entirely cut out the resistance of the circuit is
precisely the saine as when the lamp is fully lighted. The pins 1 E' and 8 E serve
no useful purpose other than to keep the cross piece b¹ in position.
Assuming now that it is desired to light the lamp the current
sevenths, but any other small fraction pursued regularly or varied may be sub-.
-
let on by

page_text: stituted a single. turn of the crank advances the cross piece 61 upon the two
pins 2, 2, and the current divides six sevenths of it, passing through resistance R¹
of one tenth of an ohm, and resistance R of six tenths of an .ohm outward at
the points. The resistance of the first circuit, which we will call the shunt, is
therefore 7 ohm, and that of the lamp 42 ohms, making the resistance from the +
point to the
point 6 ohm.
-
-
At the next turn of the crank the cross piece ₁ bears upon pins 3, 3, and the
resistance is as follows:-In the shunt circuit 84 ohm, in the lamp circuit
2.16.ohm. Upon pins 4, 4, the resistance is in the shunt circuit 1.05, in the
lamp circuit 1.4 = 6 ohin. Upon pins 5, 5, the resistance is in the shunt
circuit 14, in the lamp circuit 1.05 = 6 ohm. Upon pins 6, 6, the resistance is in
the shunt circuit 21, in the lamp circuit 84 = 6 ohm. Upon pins 7, 7, the
resistance is in the shunt circuit 4.2, in the lamp circuit •7 =6ohm.
Upon pins
8, 8, the current no longer flows through the shunt circuit but solely through the
lamp, the resistance of which is "6 ohm.
To distribute the current from a single generator to two or more electric lamps,
engines, or other apparatus, we also have recourse to a commutator in connection
with the generator, which when there are two circuits from the generator transmits
the electric impulse alternately into each, and when there are more than two circuits
transmits these impulses seriatim into the several circuits,
The method of distribution will be readily understood upon reference to Figure 21
of the Drawing, in which H is a rotating circuit breaker which alternately
establishes and disrupts the circuits from the + side of the generator through the
two springs I and I. Let A, B, C, D, of Figure 2 represent the lighting apparatus
of Figure I., now when the spring I is in connection with the rotating commutator
disk H, the current entering the lamp 1 passes out by way of the point. The
rotation of the eccentric disk now disrupts the current, and by its contact with
the spring I, the current also passing out from the lamp by way of the point
Were this the whole of the operation the current in each lamp would obviously
be intermittent and the light emitted correspondingly so, but by the use of electric
conducers J and J¹ the current in the lamp 1 and 2 is rendered continuous, the
condensers being so arranged that their discharge through the lamp fills up the gap
(so to speak) between the impulses from the generator.
Figure 3 of the Drawing indicates merely an extension of the plan or method.
The impulses from the first commutator H, I, I, are resolved into a continuous
current by means of the condensers J and J³ being directed by means of com-
mutators H³, 12, 13, and H2, 14, 15, between sub currents X, Y, and lamps 1, 2, 3, and 4,
provided with condensers J¹, J2, J, and J. It is obvious that this system of suh-
division may be contained indefinitely, using one or more condensers as circum-
stances may require for any number of lamps. In Figure 4 of the Drawing there
is substituted for a condenser in a shunt circuit, electro magnets or inducing coils K
and K¹; in the direct circuit the impulses from the commutator while actuating the
lamps charge the coil. Upon cessation of the impulses the coil discharges a current
of the same direction as that which actuated it. The current in each of the circuits
is thus rendered continuous.
By Figures 5, 6, and 7, of the Drawings is shown an adjunct of the distributing
apparatus by means of which and its connections with the motive power actuating
the electric generator the supply of current is increased or decreased according to
the wants of the lamps or other apparatus in operation. Figure 5 is a side eleva-
tion of this apparatus; Figure 6 is a top view; and Figure 7, a cross section. A is
any suitable base piece; B, an electro magnet; C, an elongated armature upon the
end of a T shaped cog bar D arranged to slide in grooves cut in piece E, which
piece is pivoted at P in standard F; H and I are pinion wheels meshing in the
cogs of D according as that bar is tipped one way or the other.
These pinion
wheels are in constant motion (motive power not shown) rotating in opposite
directions, as indicated by the arrows. When the magnet B is not of sufficient
power the spring M by means of roller I, which it carries, depresses the rod D.

page_text: 1
so as to cause its cogs to mesh with pinion I. When the magnet B is strong
enough to overcome the spring M the cogs of rod D are thrown out of gear with
pinion I and into gear with pinion H; G is a steam chest containing valves
operated by a rod K jointed at O with rod J, and rod J is jointed at N with the
cog bar D. The rod K moves to the right or left and opens or closes the steam.
valve according as the spring M or magnet B preponderates in power; Qis the
generator of electricity; the points + and represent the working parts of
the circuits of the conductors R, S, T. The magnet B is constantly in the
circuit of the conductor. When the supply of current is about right the cog
rod D will be in a state of vibration over the pinions I and H. When the circuit
of conductor S is made, but half the current originally flowing in R passes
through R, and the effect upon magnet B is lessened; the armature C then rises
and rod D meshes into pinion I, whereby the valve is moved and more steam let
into the engine and the generator correspondingly actuated. When the circuit T
established the flow through R is again diminished and a similar operation of the
parts results.
It will be seen the generator so controls the steam or other power actuating
the generator of electricity that the power is increased or diminished as the demand
for the current is increased or diminished, and while I have shown the result as
accomplished in one way I do not intend to limit the Invention to the precise.
apparatus and the manner of its operation shown and described. It is preferred, as
shown and described, to place a sensitive magnetic apparatus in the circuit of the
generator which, when a lamp is lighted so as to speak, automatically takes
cognizance thereof and supplies that quantity of steam to the engine which is
necessary to drive the generator at that speed which will give the exact required
volume of electricity. The apparatus is so constructed however that the regulator
may be made to start different generators, or couple different parts of a single
generator in circuit as may be required to supply the current, or the regulator may
be arranged to control the current by the automatic changing of resistances. There
are in fact many ways naturally suggestive to vary the application of the Invention,
and hence the Invention is not limited to the employment of any special form of
apparatus, but includes also the substance of the form.
Here ends a detail description of part first of the Invention, which it will be seen
embraces and includes a novel arrangement, combination, and application of electric
circuits and lamps in relation to each other, and also a novel distributing division,
gradual and safe application of the electric currents to and through the same.
Part second of the Invention consists as before stated of an "electric measuring
apparatus a detail description of which is as follows, reference being had to
Figure 8 of the Drawings :-
The object of this part of this Invention is to provide a meter or register of the
current expended in the production of electric light, and such a device being entirely
new in the arts, it is intended to claim it broadly as an electric meter as well as a
part of the system comprising this Invention as a whole, and it is not intended to
confine tbis Invention to the particular form thereof, as it appears by the Drawings,
but it is intended to embrace all forms of meter that include the substance of the
form here shown and described.
The meter illustrated and particularly described as one which indicates with dial.
hands the current expended in which respect the apparatus does not differ
materially from an ordinary gas meter, and it is preferred to actuate it by electro-
magnetism although the apparatus has been very carefully considered for registering
by marks or indentations made upon a roll of paper, and mechanism energified by
the expansion of metallic conductors from electric heating.
The quantity of
current being easily determined, the element of time is the prime factor in
ascertaining the amount of current consumed. There is therefore placed in a
building supplied with electric lamps a meter, which indicates exactly how many
hours in a given period these lamps may be lighted, viz, a meter which if there are.

page_text: ten lamps in a building, and each of thein be run for ten hours will indicate a use
of one hundred hours.
It is presumable that at least as often as once a month the index will be noted,
and it is prefered to actuate the mechanism by ordinary clockwork to be wound
up once a month, though it is obvious that clockwork may be employed to be
actuated by the electric current, which will not require to be wound up.
For the sake of simplicity only the salient parts of the meter is shown by the
Drawing, omitting the clockwork and case or cover, and such other parts as are
well known to those familiar with mechanisms of this kind.
Referring to the Drawing, D is a metallic cylinder fixed to shaft D¹, which is
provided with suitable bearings (not shown) and rotated by the clockwork, of
which the reciprocating balance wheel A actuated in one direction by an ordinary
coil spring B constitutes the governor. The cylinder D is provided with as many
metallic "contact" pins E, set spirally as there are lamps whose operation is to be
indicated; and these pins as the cylinder is rotated in the direction of the arrow
make connection when the lamps are in operation with the spring armature levers
of electro magnets G. When there is no current flowing in the coils of magnets
G, the levers F are forced by spring I away from the magnets to contact with the
stops H, so that the pius E may pass without making connection connection with
the levers.
All the armature levers F work freely upon shaft J held in suitable standards,
not shown by the Drawing. Running along under the outer ends of the levers F
is a metal strip K fixed to shaft L, 1, which when the magnets G are energised is
forced upwards by spiral springs 1 acting against arm L fixed to the shaft L, L.
To the metal strip K is fixed an arm M carrying a light flat spring N to which is
fixed a bent piece O, the object of which will soon be apparent..
The electric current entering at the point traverses a resistance R, passes
through the several lighting apparatus of the lamps 1, 2, and 3, and thence outward
at the point. R¹, R', R', are intended to indicate the place of the lamp lighting
apparatus, and the resistance R2, R2, R2, serve when a lamp is lighted to direct a
portion of the current through the coils of the electro magnets G, the current being
as shown by the broken lines.
-
To understand the operation of this part of the Invention, let it be assumed that
the lamps are not actuated. The magnets G not being energized, their armature
levers Fare raised and the strip K also being raised, holds the bent piece O in the
path of the bent piece C fixed to the chronometer balance A and the motion of the
clockwork, and consequently of cylinder D is stayed. At this point a. lamp is
lighted instantly one of the magnets G is energized, its armature lever is
attracted, and coming in contact with the strip K depresses it, by which the bent
piece o is thrown to the left, and an impetus imparted to the chronometer balance,
hy reason of the effort of the bent piece O to disengage itself from bent piece C.
The bent piece O being no longer in the path of C, the balance A begins and
continues its reciprocating motion, passing from the position shown in the Drawing
to that in which Creaches the point A¹, and thence back again. Thus permitting
the cylinder D to rotate in the direction of the arrow.
It makes no difference which of the armature levers F is actuated; any one (or
all of them together) serve to set the clockwork in motion. It is apparent that the
clockwork may be kept continually in motion, but it is preferred that it shall run
only so long as the lamps are in operation.
Let it be assumed that the lamps are all extinguished. There being no magnet G
energized and no lever F depressing the strip K, the bent piece O drops into the
path of c, which as the balance A carries it to the left, rides over piece O by the
yielding of spring N, and the motion of the clockwork is stopped. The effect of
the rotation of cylinder D is as follows:-By means of the resistance R a portion
of the current of the branch or main, when a pin E makes connection with a lever F,
as shown by the circuit of the light lines, is caused to energize an electro magnet S,

page_text: the current passing from one side of R to the cylinder D, thence by way of a pin E
to a lever F, and thence by way of shaft J to the magnet S and armature to the
other side of R.
If but one lamp is lighted the magnet S will be energized but once in a revo-
lution, if two are lighted it will be energized twice, and if three are lighted three
times, and so on. At each action of the magnet S its armature lever T pivoted at T
is attracted against spiral spring 12, and by means of pawl T2 held upward by
spring T3 causes the ratchet wheel U to rotate one tooth. Thus if but one lanp be
in operation the ratchet wheel U will move but one tooth in one revolution of the
cylinder D, and if all the lamps are in operation the ratchet will be constantly
rotated by the constant vibration of the armature lever T.
The operation of the remainder of the apparatus is apparent, there being as many
gears and pinions, hands and dials, as may be desired.
The pinion V fixed to ratchet wheel U actuates gear W, and pinion W₁ fixed to
gear Wactuates gear X. The hands Q and Q' indicate upon disc P, P, the current
expended.
To properly estimate the consumption of current, so to speak, a lamp should be
operated for a given numbers of hours and the indications upon the dials noted.
A single lamp operated for the same length of time will invariably present the
same record, and two lamps will present a record of twice the value of one lamp,
and so on to any extent desired.
Part third of the Invention consists, as above stated, of a novel method of prac-
tically distributing electric circuits and currents through the blocks and streets of
cities, towns, and villages. The number of blocks may be more or less as may seem
desirable, and the supplying station may be located wherever may seem most
desirable. There may be any number of generators and conductors employed, and
they may be located in the most convenient or desirable places to supply the lamps
and buildings of the streets and blocks.
In concluding the description of this Invention it must be repeated that it
consists not only of the method or system as a whole, but also of the several, parts
and subdivisions in whole and in detail, the following points or parts being embraced
and included in it, viz. :
First. In a single conductor supplied with electricity, two or more lamps in the
circuit of said conductors, and a shunt around each lamp containing a switch.
Second. In a single conductor supplied with electricity, two or more lamps in the
circuit of said conductors, and a shunt round each lamp containing a resistance.
Third. In a single conductor supplied with electricity, two or more lamps in the
circuit of said conductor, and a shunt around each lamp containing an adjustable
resistance.
Fourth. In an electric lighting system in which two or more electric lamps are
supplied with electricity from a generator common to both or all of them; the
combination with an electric lamp of a secondary circuit, the switch for which
destroys the continuity of the secondary circuit at the instant that it directs the
flow of current through the lanp and destroys the continuity of circuit through the
lamp at the instant that it completes the secondary circuit with or without a
resistance plain or adjustable around such lamp, substantially as shown and
described.
Fifth. In an electric lighting system in which two or more electric lamps are
supplied with electricity from a generator cominon to both or all of them; the com-
bination with two main conductors leading one from each pole of the generator, in
a course perfectly parallel, of branches connecting the two main conductors at the
requisite intervals, in which branches are placed electric lamps provided with circuit
continuity preserving apparatus, so that the flow through any branch may never
be broken whether the lamp in that branch is or is not in operation.
Sixth. In an electrical regulator, the combination of two paramagnetic parts C
and B, operating substantially as set forth.
Seventh. In an electric lighting system a generator of electricity, two or more

page_text: electric lamps supplied thereby, and an independent electro magnet switch or
regulator energized by the current from the generator, and acting automatically
upon the occurrence of any change electrical condition in the circuit or circuits
supplied to allow of a corresponding change in the quantity or intensity of the
current generated.
Eighth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switch which in lighting the
lamp gradually removes a resistance from the circuit thereof.
Ninth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switch, which while preserving
the continuity of the circuit gradually removes a resistance from the circuit of the
lamp.
Tenth. The combination with an electric lamp of a resistance in the circuit
thereof, which is lessened as the resistance of the lamp is increased.
Eleventh. The herein before described method of lighting an electric lamp,
consisting in causing the flow of current in such lamp to increase in strength
slowly.
Twelfth. The combination with an electric lamp and a lamp lighting switch of
two electrical circuits connected therewith, the switch operating to reduce the
resistance of one circuit and increase the resistance of the other in such manner that
at each reduction in the resistance of one circuit there will be an increase in the
resistance of the other.
Thirteenth. The combination of an electric lamp and a lamp lighting switch of
electrical circuits, so arranged that as the resistance in the circuit of the lamp is
lessened, and consequently more current caused to flow through the lamp, the
resistance of an extraneous channel or channels is increased each reduction in the
resistance of the lamp circuit being accomplished by such increase in the resistance
of the extraneous channel or channels, that the resistance of the main or branch
circuit, which contains the circuit of the lamp, and the extraneous channel or
channels is maintained at a constant quantity, or nearly so.
Fourteenth. The combination with an electric lamp and a shunt or derived circuit
around the lamp of a switch, which operates to light the lamp by increasing the
resistance of the shurt or derived circuit.
Fifteenth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switching apparatus, which
after an interruption of the flow of the current operates to cut the lamp out of
the circuit of such switching apparatus before it can be relighted.
Sixteenth. The combination with an electric lamp lighting switch of an apparatus
which operates to prevent the completion of the lamp circuit when there is no
current to energize the lamp.
Seventeenth. The combination of an electric lamp lighting switch with an appa.
ratus energized by the current which actuates the lamp and that operates to prevent
the opening of the lamp circuit to the flow of the current when there is no
supply.
Eighteenth. The combination with an electric lamp lighting switch of an
apparatus energised by the current which actuates the lamp and that operates
when there is an interruption in the flow of the current to close the circuit of the
lamp against a sudden recurrence of such flow.
Nineteenth. The combination with an electric lamp of a switching apparatus,
which after an interruption of the flow of the current, operates to introduce a
resistance into the circuit of the switching apparatus and the lamp before the lamp
can be lighted.
Twentieth. In an electric lighting system, an electrical apparatus energized by
the current flowing in such system, which when there is an abnormal flow of current
in a part or parts of such system, automatically operates to disrupt, disconnect, or
change the current of such part or parts.
Twenty-first. In an electric lighting system, two or more conductors supplied
with electricity by the generator of electricity, which is the common source of
supply for such system, and in each of these conductors, or in circuits derived there-
from, two or more electric lamps, the same being so arranged for the purpose of

page_text: insuring the necessary distribution and subdivision of the current without artificial
lengthening of the circuits by the introduction of resistances which would only
waste the current, as set forth.
Twenty-second. An electric distributing system in which the current from a single
generator transmitted intermittently through two or more circuits is rendered
continuous in such circuits by induction apparatus energized by such intermittently
transmitted current.
Twenty-third. The combination with one or more electric lamps of a meter or
register showing the consumption or expenditure of current in operating the
same.
Twenty-fourth. The combination with one or more electric lamps of a meter or
register showing the time during which the said lamp or lamps are operated.
Twenty-fifth. A meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of current
in the operation of one or more electric lamps, consisting of a dial or dials actuated
by the current.
Twenty-sixth. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of current
in the operation of one or more electric lamp apparatus actuated by the current to
indicate the time during which the operation of the same continues.
Twenty-seventh. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of
current in the operation of one or more electric lamp mechanism set in motion by
the current upon the lighting of a lamp, and stopped upon the extinguishment of
the same, or all the lamps.
Twenty-eighth. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of
current in the operation of one or more electric lamps, the combination with primary
apparatus for setting a clockwork in motion, of secondary apparatus actuated by
any one or more lamp to actuate the primary apparatus.
Twenty-ninth. In a meter or register of the consumption or expenditure of
current in the operation of one or more electric lamps, the combination with such
lamp or lamps of apparatus energized by the current operating such lamp or
lamps..
Thirtieth. In an electric light meter the cylinder D, presenting spirally arranged
points of contact.
Thirty-first. In an electric light meter the combination of the cylinder D and
levers F.
Thirty-second. In an electric light meter combination of the cylinder D and
electro magnet G.
Thirty-third. In an electric light meter the combination of the lever F and
nagnet G.
Thirty-fourth. In an electric light meter the combination of the lever F and
strip K.
Thirty-fifth. In an electric light meter the combination of the detent piece 0 and
spring N.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH. (L.S.)