IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Gadd, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and
John Moore, of Manchester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 16th November 1866, and dated the 21st May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Gadd and John
Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st May 1866.
We, WILLIAM GADD, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and JOHN MOORE,
of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain economy of space and various
facilities in weaving. Each loom is arranged for the production of two distinct
fabrics in an inclined direction, one on each side or face of the loom. The
warp for each fabric is supplied from a separate beam; one of these beams is
placed at the lower part of one face of the loom and the other at the lower
part of the other face thereof, from thence each warp passes over a vibrator
or rocking bar and upwards in a diagonal direction or inclined inwards
towards the centre of the loom through the reed of its batten, and thence each
fabric produced proceeds in a corresponding diagonal or inclined direction over
a work bar to a work roller at the upper part of the loom. We prefer that
each batten be inclined to a corresponding extent, though they may vary a

page_text: little.
The inclination of each reed and of that part of the batten thereof
commonly called the race being in opposite directions they form a trough,
which greatly facilitates the retention of the shuttle in its passage from one
end of the race to the other. Each batten is connected to arms or swords
turning on axes at the opposite side or face of the loom, the swords of the two
battens thus cross each other.
To facilitate what is termed the covering of the cloth we prefer that the
reed be inclined to an obtuse angle to the surface of the cloth, varying in
degree with its motion and becoming a right angle when at its highest point.
Motion is given to the battens by connecting rods from cranks or by other
suitable means, the shafts for which, with the picking and other motions for
each fabric, are capable of being simultaneously driven, and are capable of
being thrown into or out of gear separately, so that one fabric may be pro-
duced at a time, or the two fabrics may be woven at the same or at different
speeds; to enable this to be done the lathe swords are formed curvilinear.
To give ease of motion we apply separate supporting springs to each batten,
or the battens may be applied to spring arms. The picker arms and healds
work in corresponding or similarly inclined or diagonal directions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Gadd and John Moore in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GADD, of Stratford Square, Nottingham, and JouN MOORE, of Manchester, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 1.etters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said William Gadd and John Moore, Her special licence that we,
the said William Gadd and John Moore, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Gadd and John Moore, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR

page_text: WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Gadd and John Moore, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hands and scals of
one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Gadd and John Moore, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:—
The object of the Invention is to obtain economy of space and various
facilities in weaving. Each loom is, by preference, arranged for the production
of two distinct fabrics in an inclined direction, one on each side or face of the
loom. The warp for each fabric is supplied from a separate beam; one of
these beams is placed at the lower part of one face of the loom and the other
at the lower part of the other face thereof, from thence each warp passes over
a vibrator or rocking bar and upwards in a diagonal direction, or inclined
inwards towards the centre of the loom through the reed of its batten, and
thence each fabric produced proceeds in a corresponding diagonal or inclined
direction over a work bar to a work roller at the upper part of the loom.
We prefer that each batten be inclined to a corresponding extent, though they
may be varied a little. The inclination of each reed and of that part of the
batten thereof commonly called the race being in opposite directions they
form a trough, which greatly facilitates the retention of the shuttle in its
passage from one end of the race to the other. Each batten is connected to
arms or swords turning on axes at the opposite side or face of the loom, the
swords of the two battens thus cross each other.
To facilitate what is termed the covering of the cloth we prefer that the
reed be inclined to an obtuse angle to the surface of the cloth, varying in
degree with its motion and becoming a right angle when at its highest point.
Motion is given to the battens by connecting rods from cranks or by other
suitable means, the shafts for which, with the picking and other motions for
each fabric, are capable of being simultaneously driven, and are capable of
being thrown into or out of gear separately, so that one fabric may be pro-
duced at a time, or the two fabrics may be woven at the same or at different
speeds; to enable this to be done the lathe swords are formed curvilinear.
To give case of motion we apply separate supporting springs to each batten,

page_text: or the battens may be applied to spring arms. The picker arms and healds
work in corresponding or similarly incliued or diagonal directions.
But that the Invention may be fully understood we will, by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings, proceed to describe means pursued by us in carrying
Figure snews a fou
transverse section of the principal parts of a loom arranged according to our
Invention. In each of these views the same letters indicate corresponding
parts wherever they occur.
a, a, indicates the main framing of the loom; b is the warp roller carrying
the warp c of one fabric, and B is the warp roller carrying the warp C of the
other fabric. The warp c from the warp beam or roller 6 passes over the
vibrator or rocking bar d and is operated by the healds or heddles e, f, and
thence it passes through the reed g of the batten h, and the work i produced is
conducted over the work bar j and drawn up by passing partly round the
roughened surface of the roller k, and it is thence wound by surface friction
on to the work roller l. The batten h is connected to arms or swords h¹ which
turn on axes h³, and they have motion given to them for the movement of the
batten h from the cranks m¹ of the crank shaft or axis m by means of the
connecting rods h³, one end of each of which embraces a crank m', whilst the
other end of each of them is by pin joint h' connected to an arm or sword h'.
In like manner the warp C from the warp beam B is conducted over the
vibrator or rocking bar D, and is operated by the healds or heddles E, F, and
thence it passes through the reed G of the batten H, and the work I produced
is conducted over the work bar J and is drawn up by passing partly round
the roughened surface of the roller K, and it is thence wound by surface
friction on to the work roller L. The batten H is connected to arms or
swords which turn upon axes II, and these arms or swords are actuated
by the cranks M' of the crank shaft or axis M by means of the connecting
rods or links II³, one end of each of which is connected in the usual way to a
crank M; the other end of one of them is connected by pin joint H* to one
of the arms or swords H', and the other to the other arm or sword H.
one end of each of the crank shafts or axes m and M is applied the fast and
loose pulleys m² to receive a strap or band from a steam engine or other
Suitable power, and at the other end of each of such crank shafts or axes
there is affixed a fly wheel m³ adapted to render the respective motions
uniform. Upon each end of each crank shaft in and M is also applied a
On

page_text: pinion n, shown by blue dotted lines, the teeth of each of which take into the
teeth of a toothed wheel n', each of which is affixed to a shaft n. Upon
each of these wheels n' is applied an inclined projection or wiper n adapted to
act on picking bowls carried by arms n' from the axes n³ of the picker
sticks n. To assist the easy motion of each batten a supporting spring o
embracing a rod o' is applied to each arm or sword h' and H', the power
exerted by which may be varied by altering the position of an adjustable
nut o. These springs may be differently applied, or they may be of different
form, or in place of springs weights may be used. pare fingers applied to
each shuttle box in position to be acted upon by the swells thereof; these
fingers are affixed to axes p' carried by bearings p of each batten, and they
have other arms p³ in position to act on the frogs p', as is well understood by
persons acquainted with loom machinery. 9, 9, are self-acting temples of the
ordinary description. The heddles e and fare actuated by straps e¹, f',
attached to and passing partly round pulleys or bowls e, f, affixed to the
spindle f, which is supported so as to be capable of revolving freely in
standards a', and they are actuated by means of the forked levers f', one end
of each fork of which is connected to one end of a band or strap f³, the other
end of each of which band or strap f³ is connected to and passes partly round
a drum or pulley affixed on the axis f³. These heddles or healds are also, by
bands or straps and fo, connected to the drums or pulleys e, f, affixed on
the shaft or axis es, which is supported so as to revolve freely in bearings a
carried by the main framing. The lever f* is capable of turning on the fixed
stud f, and at its other end f' it is by pin joint connected to one end of the
connecting link f1, the other end of which is capable of turning on the crank
pin f projecting from the crank f" affixed to the axis n* of one of the
wheels n'. The other set of heddles or harness E, F, used in the production
of the fabric I are operated in a similar manner from an axis n on the
opposite side of the loom by those heddles being connected by straps E', F¹³,
to pulleys E, F, affixed to the axis F, which, like the axis f³, is supported
so as to rotate or partially rotate in standards a¹ from the main framing.
This axis F is caused to rotate or partially rotate by means of the forked
lever F, one end of each fork of which is connected by means of straps F³ to
the rollers or pullies F affixed to the axis F. The lever F is formed and
with other of the parts connected with it is actuated similarly to the lever f*.
There is a weft fork s to one end, or it may be to both ends of cash batten,
carried by one end of a lever s¹ which turns upon a stud at s³, and at its
other end is connected by the links to an arm s from the axis s³, upon which
is affixed the arms in position to act on the spring handle for throwing the

page_text: driving strap off the fast on to the loose pulley; there are parts corresponding
with these for each batten. t is a weft fork, lever, or hammer which turns
upon the stud s, and at its end t is formed so as in the absence of weft
to be caught by the tails of the weft fork s, whilst it has motion given to it
by its other end t being connected to the upper end of the sliding bar t, which
is capable of sliding up and down freely, and is guided in such motion by the
guide projecting from the framing. At its lower end this sliding bar is
formed into a shoe t to be acted upon by the crank pin applied to an
axis n⭑. Each batten is similarly provided with apparatus for stopping the
loom when weft breaks or fails. Each work roller has separate motion given
to it for winding up cloth in the following manner-At each end of the loom
is supported a ratchet wheel u affixed to an axis u, one for one work roller,
the other for the other. Upon the axis u of each of these ratchet wheels is
also applied a pinion a', the teeth of which take into the teeth of a wheel u²
which turns upon a stud w³, and has applied to it a pinion ut, the teeth of which
take into the teeth of a wheel u, of which that at one end of the loom is
applied to the axis of the roller k, whilst the wheel us at the other end of the
loom is applied to the axis of the roller K, and these rollers & and K, by the
friction of their surfaces, as already stated, give motion to the respective work
rollers and L. Motion is given to the wheels u from their respective main
or driving axes m and M by means of cams or tappets us applied one to each
axis, and each of these tappets acts upon a lever u', one end of which is
affixed to one end of a vibrator d or D so as to give a vibratory motion to it,
whilst the other end of this lever u' is by pin joint connected to one end of the
rod 8, the upper end of which is by pin joint connected to the rocking
lever u, which turns upon the axis of the wheel u and carries the driver
u. The extent of motion effected for the take-up each time is regulated by
the clawker acting as a stop by turning on the fixed pin v', and this stop is
also acted upon by the lever s¹ by that lever being connected to one end of the
link, the other end of which is connected to the stop v to lift the stop v out
of gear when the loom stops, and thereby prevent further taking up or
winding of cloth. The rollers and L are borne to the rollers k and K
by springs or weighted pressure.
It will thus be seen that all the motions for
the production of one fabric are independent of all the motions for the pro-
duction of the other fabric, and that the arms or swords h¹, H', are curved, so
that either set of weaving parts may be put in action separately, or they may
be worked at the same time and at the same or at different speeds. By thus
arranging the various parts for the production of each fabric in diagonal or
inclined directions, such as indicated, great facility is given to the weavers to

page_text: inspect fully not only the part of the fabric just woven and that portion of the
threads immediately connected therewith, but also the whole of the warp
threads from the warp beam of each fabric to the fabric without its being
necessary for them to shift their position from one side to the opposite side of
the loom, and better fabric also is produced. The method of arranging and
operating the various parts to work for the production of fabric in diagonal or
inclined directions is also applicable when fabric is produced only on one side
or surface of the loom. We would further remark that although we have
indicated the angle of working of the various parts, which we have found to
answer well, we do not confine ourselves to those exact angles. The motions
may be combined so as to work the parts for the production of the two fabrics
simultaneously.
Having thus described our improvements, and means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the exact details shown and described, as variations may
be made in them without departing from the peculiar character of our
Invention, but what we claim is,―
The so arranging or combining parts of looms for weaving that two fabrics
may be produced at the same time, one on each side or surface of such looms
in diagonal or inclined directions, in manner substantially as described.
Also, we claim the so arranging and combining parts of looms for weaving
that the warp threads proceeding to the weaving and the weaving as produced
may be in a diagonal or inclined direction, in manner substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Gadd and John Moore, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.