Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 28th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 28th June, 1887.
[Communicated from abroad by Messrs. HENRY DANZER, ADRIEN SIMIAN, and
DE MARCIEN, of 40, Rue Pascal, Paris, in the French Republic.]
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70. Market Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a process for dyeing and finishing textile fabrics and has
for its object to effect the dyeing and finishing simultaneously without immersion of
the goods.
In carrying out these Improvements the colouring matter is dissolved in a suitable
fluid and after filtration there may be added thereto a mordant which will enable the
colouring matter to be fixed in the goods to be dyed.
The colouring matter so prepared is projected upon or applied to the surface of the
fabric in a state of fine division by a spray producer or by other suitable means. The
goods are thereby instantly coloured but at the same time dry steam is also projected
upon or applied to the fabric which fixes the colour in the fibre of the material.
The goods may then be tentered or dried by other suitable means and finished and
folded.
The advantages of this system of dyeing and finishing are:-The avoidance of
steeping or immersing the goods in the dye bath; consequently the displacement of
the yarn or threads in the fabric as well as the loss of lustre or finish produced
in weaving are avoided and the original finish or appearance of the goods is
preserved.
This new or improved process is principally based upon the projection upon or
application upon the fabrics of colouring matter in a fine state of division with
simultaneous vaporization for fixing.
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page_text: Fabrics Simultaneously without Immersion.
I WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70 Market Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a process for dyeing and finishing all kinds of textile
fabrics and has for its object to effect the dyeing and finishing simultaneously without
immersion of the goods.
In carrying out these Improvements the colouring matter is dissolved in a suitable
fluid and after filtration if this operation is necessary there may be added thereto
a mordant which will enable the colouring matter to be fixed in the goods to be
dyed.
The colouring matter in solution is projected upon or applied to the surface of the
fabric in a pulverised condition or state of fine spray by means of a spray producer or
other apparatus employed in the pulverisation of liquids. The fibres constituting the
fabrics absorb only the quantity of dyeing liquid needed to produce the desired effect
and hence is particularly applicable in the dyeing of fabrics which have previously
been subjected to operations producing results which it is desired to preserve. The
amount of penetration of the dye varies with the duration of the exposure of the
fabric to the action of the spray and it may if desired be completely penetrated.
Marbled and corresponding effects or uniform tints may be produced and in some
cases one side of the fabric may be dyed in a colour different to the colour upon
the opposite side.
The colour may be fixed within or upon the fibres of the fabric by using a jet or
jets of steam projected directly or indirectly and simultaneously upon the opposite
side of the fabric. Greater fixity of colour may be obtained by submitting the fabric
to the action of successive jets or series of jets of steam all of which however must
operate upon the fabric before it becomes dry.
The use of steam as a fixing agent renders possible and even facilitates the use of
finishing dressing and similar processes simultaneously and continuously with the
dyeing and fixing and upon the same machine or apparatus.
In order that this Invention may be more readily understood and carried into effect
a sheet of drawings is appended and reference is hereinafter had thereto and to the
letters marked thereon to indicate the various parts.
The figure represents in sectional elevation part of a machine or apparatus con-
structed to carry these Improvements into practical operation.
A is a frame; B is an adjustable table; C. C are rollers upon which or by
the rotation of which the fabric travels; D is a kind of vertical trough having a
steam jacket; E is a steam pipe pierced with a number of small holes through which
steam is projected upon the inside of D; F. F. are adjustable guides which maintain
the fabric in contact with the edges of D as it passes through the apparatus; G are

page_text: pulverisation nozzles or jets through which the dyestuff is projected upon the fabric:-
these should be constructed of glass, ruby or some material which will resist the
action of the issuing liquid; H is a pipe supplying the dyestuff to the nozzles G; I is
a compressed air pipe and L is the fabric being operated upon. It is evident that the
framing of the machine or apparatus may bear upon it or have connected with it
beyond the points where it is shown as broken away, one or more additional steaming
apparatus, and beyond these, calender, drying, or other bowls and other apparatus
which is ordinarily used separately. It will be understood that before being subjected
to the dyeing and fixing process the fabrics should if necessary be cleaned. The
compressed air for pulverising and projecting the dyeing fluid should be warmed or
heated.
If steam at like pressures are employed for steaming and in the steam jacket as
well as for heating the compressed air, it is evident that there will be a copious
condensation of steam upon the fabric which would be prejudicial. This disadvantage
is suppressed or avoided by using steam at a high pressure, say 60 or 80 lb. on the
square inch in the steam jacket, and steam at about half that pressure in the pipe E
for the jets, whereby condensation is greatly diminished or entirely prevented, and
the steam which is projected upon the steam jacket is thrown back upon the fabric
without loss and it may be, hotter than when it leaves the jets. The different pressures
or temperatures of steam may be obtained by deriving the supplies from different
boilers or from the same boiler by the aid of a reducing valve, or it may be obtained
by superheaters or other known means. The compressed air may be heated by
passing it through a copper or other metallic coil externally heated by steam, or by
gas flames or other equivalent heating appliances; by this latter means the compressed
air may be raised to a temperature greater than that of available pressures of steam,
and may be regulated at will. In regulating the temperature of the compressed
air the nature both of the fabric and of the dyestuff must be taken into account.
In cases of dyeing in which oxidation is effected by the simple action of the air,
the use of the steam-jets may of course be avoided. Further, in cases where the
dyeing can be effected only by two successive operations and by means of separate
liquids, the fabric may be passed through the apparatus twice, once for each
liquid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I desire it to be understood
that what I claim is :-
(1) Dyeing fabrics without immersion in the method and by the processes sub-
stantially as herein before set forth.
(2) Dyeing and finishing fabrics simultaneously without immersion; substantially
as hereinbefore set forth.
(3) In dyeing fabrics without immersion; projecting liquid dye upon the fabric
in a pulverised or finely divided condition; substantially as hereinbefore described.
(4) In dyeing and fixing or finishing fabrics without immersion; projecting
pulverised or finely divided dye upon one side of the fabric and simultaneously
projecting dry steam upon the other side; substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 25th day of May A.D. 1887.
WILLIAM E. HEYS.