IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF MANURE, AND FOR THE DISINFECTION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTERS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Couy, of Nantes, in the Empire of
France, Ship Owner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF MANURE, AND FOR THE DISINFECTION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE
MATTERS."
Sealed the 14th May 1858, and dated the 30th November 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Couy at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1857.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE COUY, of Nantes, in the Empire of France, Ship Owner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND FOR THE DISINFECTION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in utilizing the residues arising from the distillation
of argilaceous, bituminous, schistoides, amphelites (commonly called boghend.
cannel coal), of Scotland, either in small picces or in powder, for the manu-
facture of manure, for disinfecting blood, flesh, fecal matters, urine, residues
of the distillation of alcohol, and other animal and vegetable matters suitable
for manure.
The residue or coke of boghead coals I use for disinfecting urine, fecal
matters, and blood, and which I apply to the manufacture of manure, is of

page_text: itself an inert body with reference to vegetation, I use it after reducing it to
fine powder, and after having mixed it with animal matters, with which it
incorporates and disinfects with power and rapidity, the whole then becomes
an active manure, of the more value in proportion as the boghead coko
receives more animal matters. These qualities are added to by mixing with it
refuse of fish or of pulverized bones.
In order to effect the disinfection, it suffices to mix intimately two hundred
and fifty pounds of the powdered residue of boghead coal with from three
bundred and seventy-five to four hundred and fifty pounds of urine, fecal
matters, tripeman or horse slaughterer's boilings, or blood in a putrid state.
The inodorous paste resulting from this operation may then be deposited
without inconvenienco in the interior of inhabited towns or in houses, and
preserved thus for use. The disinfecting power of boghead coko is also
applicable to water-closets, and night stools used in houses; it is also advanta-
geous to mix the powder of boghead coke in dung heaps arranged in layers,
in order to disinfect and incorporate therewith, which will preserve the
animalized liquids they contain.
I also use powdered boghead coke generally for disinfecting animal matters
in cow sheds and stables, and thereby render them healthy. For this purpose
it is placed under the litter in layers of two or three inches thick, which are
removed every time they are thoroughly wetted by the ejections of the animals,
and added to the dung heaps, care being taken to replace them by other dry
powder. In the cavities for receiving the liquid manure of farin yards, the
operation is the same as described for public urinals or water-closets; the
boghead coke is allowed to absorb as much animal matters as possible till a
very thick paste is obtained, which is mixed with ashes, dung, or earth before
spreading it on the ground.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jean Baptiste Couy in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho
27th May 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
BAPTISTE COUY, of Nantes, in the Empire of France, Ship Owner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jean Baptiste Couy, Her special licence that I, the said Jean Baptiste
Couy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jean Baptiste Couy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MANURE, AND FOR THE DISINFECTION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE
MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Baptistė
Couy, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under ry,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Baptiste Couy, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
Charcoal, animal charcoal, schist coals, and French lignites have been
heretofore used for the disinfection of animal matters and for the manufacture
of manure, but the residues arising from the distillation of Scotch schistoid
ampelites (boghead coal) have not hitherto been utilized for the same purpose,
but are now distilled in order to produce gas or mineral oils; but what I wish
to Patent is the application of these residues of coal, either in small pieces or
in powder, specially to the manufacture of manure, and to the disinfection of
blood, flesh, fecal matters, urine, residues of the distillation of alcohol, and
other animal and vegetable matters suitable for manure, and, lastly, to the
disinfection of gas used for lighting purposes. The gas is filtered through the
pulverized boghead coke and placed in vats with water, or simply in filters
analogous to the charcoal filters used in sugar refineries.
The mode of using the residues of the distillation of Scotch ampelites for
disinfecting animal matters and for manufacturing manure is very simple.
5 For this purpose it suffices to reduce this kind of coal into as fine a powder as
possible, and to impregnate it several times with animal matters, either fecal
matters, urine, blood, &c.; when this powder is sufficiently moistened,
phosphates, consisting of pulverized bones, waste charcoal, or black from
sugar refineries, is added, and a manure is thus manufactured of any given

page_text: standard of azote and phosphate, according to the wish of the purchaser and
the requirements of the trade:
The residue or coke of boghead coals I use for disinfecting urine, fecal
matters, and blood, and which I apply to the manufacture of manure, is of
itself an inert body with reference to vegetation. I use it after reducing it to
fine powder and after having mixed it with animal matters, with which it
incorporates and disinfects with great power and rapidity; the whole then
becomes an active manure, of the more value in proportion as the boghead
coke receives more animal matters. These qualities are added to by mixing
with it refuse of fish, phosphates, or pulverized bones. In order to effect the
disinfection it suffices to mix intimately two hundred and fifty pounds of the
dry powdered residue of boghead coal with from three hundred and seventy-
five to four hundred and fifty pounds of urine, fecal matters, tripeman's or
horse slaughterer's boilings, or blood in a putrid state. The inodorous paste
resulting from this operation may then be deposited without inconvenience in
the interior of inhabited towns or in houses, and preserved thus for use. Tho
disinfecting, power of boghead coke is also applicable to water-closets and
night stools used in houses; it is also advantageous to mix the powder of
boghead coke in dung heaps arranged in layers in order to disinfect and
incorporate therewith, which will preserve the animalized liquids they contain.
I also use powdered boghead coke generally for disinfecting animal matters in
cow sheds and stables, and thereby render them healthy. For this purpose
it is placed under the litter in layers of two or three inches thick, which aro
removed every time they are thoroughly wetted by the ejections of the animals
and added to the dung heaps, care being taken to replace them by other dry
powder. In the cavities for receiving the liquid manure of farm yards, the
operation is the same as for public urinals or water-closets, by which the
boghead coke is allowed to absorb as much animal matter as possible till a
very thick pasto is obtained, which is mixed with ashes, dung, or earth before
spreading it on the ground.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Baptiste Couy, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
BTB COUY, FILS. (L.8.)