IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THER PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Oceanus Cook, late Lieutenant, Indian Navy,
and Elijah George Terrey, both of 12, Lower Clifton Street, Finsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Oceanus Cook and
Elijah George Terrey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th January 1863.
We, HENRY OCEANUS COOK, late Lieutenant, Indian Navy, and ELIJAH
GEORGE TERREY, both of 12, Lower Clifton Street, Finsbury, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improved means and apparatus to be
employed in the propulsion of ships and vessels, and is intended to obviate or
dispense with the use of steam or other motive engine, and to effect a con-
sequent saving of expense of machinery, fuel, and labor, and to create extra
room for stowage and freight hitherto occupied by the coal.
We propose to apply around each mast of a ship or vessel a species of
windmill formed with four vertical fans curved and concaved representing the
interior of a spoon. The windmill turns on a funnel fixed around the mast,
and is supported by a cast-iron arm below, and steaded by another at the top
just below the hounds of the mast. The blades or fans of the mill can be

page_text: folded up when required around the mast, and they may be stopped by means
of an ordinary friction break. A horizontal or cogged bevelled wheel is
attached to the lower part of the apparatus above the upper deck, the
funnel resting on its centre. This wheel works a corresponding toothed pinion
at the upper extremity of a vertical shaft, at 'the lowest part of which is fixed
another horizontal pinion which gears into the shaft of the screw propeller and
gives motion thereto. The teeth of the wheels are so arranged as to afford a
multiplying power and increased velocity to the shaft. The direction of the
wind is of no importance as regards the working of the apparatus. With a side
wind the blades or fans would rotate and give a propulsive force in proportion
to the pressure exercised upon them without in the least affecting the vertical
position of the ship or causing her to heel over to either side; and with a
head wind the blades of the apparatus would derive equal propulsive power
and would propel the vessel against the wind, a result which cannot be
obtained by any sailing vessel. Sails may be carried if desired in addition to
the propelling apparatus, and in the severest gales the apparatus may be used
when it would be impossible to carry sail.
The pumps may be worked by the apparatus by causing the crank shaft to
gear into the opposite teeth of the lower vertical cogged pinion. We prefer
to adopt telescopic masts, in order to lower them with ease when sails are not
used.
The Invention can be applied to large and small vessels with equal facility.
The vessel is prevented from straining and the consequent leakage, and also
from rolling, and a great increase of speed will be attained, besides many other
obvious advantages.
A vessel with one mast can be fitted with the apparatus, and also a vessel
having six masts, the gearing of each being the same, and the whole communi-
cating with cogged pinions on the screw shaft. The propeller can be reversed
by an uniform action of the apparatus merely by throwing the driving pinion
out of gear and causing a reverse pinion to enter into the teeth of the vertical
wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Oceanus Cook and Elijah George Terrey in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 28th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY 35
OCEANUS COOK, late Lieutenant, Indian Navy, and ELIJAH GEORGE TERRY,

page_text: both of 12, Lower Clifton Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in. the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Henry Oceanus Cook and Elijah George Terry, Her special licence
that we, the said Henry Oceanus Cook and Elijah George Terry, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry
Oceanus Cook and Elijah George Terry, executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Henry Oceanus Cook and Elijah George Terry, our executors or administra-
tors, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Oceanus Cook, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement.
This Invention consists of certain improved means and apparatus to be
employed in the propulsion of ships and vessels, and is intended to obviate or
dispense with the use of steam or other motive engine, and to effect a conse
quent saving of expense of machinery, fuel, and labor, and to create extra
room for stowage and freight hitherto occupied by the coal.
In order that our Invention may be completely understood, we now proceed
to describe the same, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing,
which represents an elevation of a series of four windmill or fan-sails con-
structed of thin sheet metal or of strong fibrous fabric, or other light material,
according to the nature of the voyage, such fabric being attached to metal
frames.
The fans are curved and concaved, representing somewhat the shape

page_text: of the interior of a spoon. The windmill turns on a funnel or tube, or on
upright bars fixed around the mast, and is supported by a cast-iron arm below
and steadied by another at the top, just below the hounds of the mast. The
blades or fans of the mill can be folded up when required around the mast,
and they may be stopped by means of an ordinary friction break. A horizontal
or cogged bevil wheel is attached to the lower part of the apparatus above the
upper deck; the funnel resting on its centre. This wheel works a correspond-
ing toothed pinion at the upper extremity of a vertical shaft, at the lowest part
of which is fixed another horizontal pinion which gears into the shaft of the
screw propeller and gives motion thereto. The teeth of the wheels are so
arranged as to afford a multiplying power and increased velocity to the shaft.
The direction of the wind is of no importance as regards the working of the
apparatus. With a side wind the blades or fans would rotate and give a
propulsive force in proportion to the pressure exercised upon them, without in
the least affecting the vertical position of the ship, or causing her to heel over
to either side; and with a head wind the blades of the apparatus would derive
equal propulsive power, and would propel the vessel against the wind, a result
which cannot be obtained by any sailing vessel. Sails may be carried, if
desired, in addition to the propelling apparatus, and in the severest gales the
apparatus may be used, when it would be impossible to carry sail. The
pumps may be worked by the apparatus by causing the crank shaft to gear
into the opposite teeth of the lower vertical cogged pinion. We prefer to
adopt telescopic masts, in order to lower them with ease when sails are not
used.
The Invention can be applied to large and small vessels with equal facility,
the vessel is prevented from straining and consequent leakage, and also from
rolling, and a great increase of speed will be attained, besides many other
obvious advantages. A vessel with one or more masts can be fitted with the
apparatus, and even a vessel having six masts, the gearing of each being the
same, and the whole communicating with cogged pinions on the screw shaft.
The propeller can be reversed by an uniform action of the apparatus, merely.
by throwing the driving pinion out of gear, and causing a reverse pinion to
enter into the teeth of the vertical wheel.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings shews an elevation of the fan-sails a, a, a, a, attached
to the tube b, shewn in dotted lines. These fans are curved, as shewn, and
are jointed together in three, four, or more divisions by the binges c, c. The
fans are to be strengthened by ribs, and are stayed or kept at the requisite
distance apart by rods e, e. The tube b is attached to the circular plate f,

page_text: beneath which is another plate g fixed above the bridge between the bulwarks,
and between the two plates are a series of friction rollers, as shewn, in order
that the fans may rotate thereon. Attached to the lower part of the tube is a
horizontal toothed wheel which gears into a corresponding vertical wheel fixed
to shafting, from which motion is imparted to the screw propeller shaft or to
paddle wheels by suitable gearing. The top of the funnel or tube is furnished
with similar circular plates and friction rollers. The tube surrounds or incloses
the mast, and is thereby supported in a vertical position. In some cases we
dispense with the tube and attach each fan to rods of iron curved in the form
of a rifle groove to the extent of a quarter of a turn, each rod being fied at
top and bottom to the circular rotating plates, and held in position by inter-
vening rings. When the sails are not in use the stay rods e, e, may be
detached, and the separate fans may be rolled or closed together around the
mast in a small compass. Fig. 2 is an under plan of the fan sails, shewing
one example of advantageous curvature to be given to each fan, and also
shewing the stay or tie rods e, e, and their mode of attachment to the
plate f.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a modification of the circular plate g, around which
a wheel h is placed. The stay rods e, e, may then be attached to this outer
wheel, as shewn, whereby greater strength is afforded to the fans than when
they are stayed to the smaller wheel f, as in Figs. 1 and 2.
The entire apparatus is situated inside the rigging, and all the running gear
and braces can be led clear of the fans when in use, and are so arranged that
no interference is caused with the rigging. The wheels f and 9 are to be
made in two or more parts and bolted together, so as to prevent the necessity
of the masts being taken out of old ships in order to fit the apparatus.
Suitable provision for lubricating the various parts of the apparatus subject
to friction is to be made by means of a funnel and pipe to convey oil to the
teeth of the wheels and to the shafts.
Having now described our, said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we would remark in conclusion that we do not limit
ourselves to the precise details and configuration of parts described and shewn,
as the same may obviously be varied or modified without in any way departing
from the principles on which the Invention is based; but what we claim and
desire to be secured to us by the herein in part recited Letters Patent is, the
method of propelling vessels by means of rotating fan or windmill sails in
connection with gearing, and a screw propeller or paddle wheels, substantially

page_text: in the manner herein specified and illustrated by the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Oceanus Cook, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.