IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING SAND ORES METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES " SP
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Nicholas of the parish of Illogan, in the county.
of Cornwall, Mine Agent for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING SAND ORES METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Nicholas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1882.
JAMES NICHOLAS, of the parish of Illogan, in the county of Cornwall, Mine
Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING SAND,
ORES, METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
"
This invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for
pulverizing sand, ores, metals and all other substances which have been reduced
to a small size and reducing the same substances to very fine dust or powder.
In carrying out my invention I employ a machine consisting of a cage or barrel
of iron built or made of inclined planes bent to a circular form so as to make the
shape of a cylinder and so arranged that the upper surface of the thin or lesser end
of each inclined plane may be joined to the thick or greater end of the next following
plane and thus form a groove or slot.
There will usually be in each cage or barrel four sections each consisting of four
inclined planes. The barrel or cage will also be perforated at convenient distances
with holes the number and position of which will vary according to the hardness
of the material it is required to pulverize.
This cage or barrel will be driven or actuated by an axle on to each end of which
and without the case hereafter mentioned will be fixed a moveable slide which will
be raised or depressed by the action of a spring or lever and thus raise or lower the
cage or barrel.
Underneath this cage or barrel and partly encircling the same at such a distance
as may be regulated by raising or depressing the axle above named will be placed
a bottom made of hardened metal perforated with a number of small holes the
number and size of which will be varied as occasion may require.
The whole will then be enclosed in an outer case made of any suitable material

page_text: on which this bottom will rest and having convenient apertures either in the same
end or side or in opposite ends or sides for the receiving or discharging of the
material to be pulverized.
The material to be pulverized will be put into a hopper conveniently fixed on
the outer case and by means of water or its own weight will be conducted through
the aperture on to the cage or barrel which in its revolution will crush or grind the
material against the perforated bottom, the action of the cage constructed as
herein-before set forth will be that of a series of pressures and as each groove or slot
will in each revolution allow the material a little space there will be a constant
change of position so that in the next passage of an inclined plane the material will
receive a pressure from a different direction.
The material will thus pass through the machine to the outlet and there be dis-
charged into a proper receptacle.
The distance between the cage or barrel and the bottom will be regulated by
the slides before mentioned at the end of the axle which will be by means of the
spring or lever raised or depressed according to the distance which may be required
between the cage or barrel and the bottom which are the pulverizing surfaces. The
sections of the cage or barrel may be regulated so as to bring the slots or grooves
equal to one another if required.
The machine will be fixed in a horizontal or very slightly inclined position on
any convenient stand and may be driven by any ordinary power as steain, water or
horse power.
It will be made generally of hard metal but may be made of other substances if
the material to be pulverized should be of a soft nature.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Nicholas in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th May
1883.
JAMES NICHOLAS of the Parish of Illogan in the County of Cornwall, Mine
Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PULVERIZING SAND,
ORES, METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
"
This invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for pulverizing
sand, ores, metals and all other substances which have been reduced to a small size
and reducing the same substances to very fine dust or powder.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood and carried into effect I
will describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1
is a plan of a pulverizer constructed according to my invention; figure 2 is a
longitudinal section of the same shewing the barrel of the machine in elevation
figure 3 an end view of the machine and figure is a transverse section on
line A. B of figure 1. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts
The machine consists of a barrel or rubber a, which is made of inclined planes
cast or bent into a cylindrical form and so placed that the larger end of each plane
is next to the lesser end of the plane following as shewn
;
The barrel or rubber a, is further pierced with a number of slots or holes a¹, a',
the number and position of which are varied according to the material for which
the machine is calculated to be used. In the treatment of substances which are
of a softish nature the barrel or rubber a, may be used without the said slots or
holes
The barrel or rubber a, revolves within an outer case or cylinder b, which may
be and generally will be fitted at the lower part thereof with a plate called a false
bottom c, so made as partially to surround the rubber a, and this false bottom c, is
like the rubber also pierced with a number of holes or may when necessary such
as when substances of a hard and gritty nature have to be pulverized be made
without holes. This plate or bottom c is made so as to be easily moved into or
withdrawn from the outer case or cylinder b.
Through both ends of the outer case or cylinder 6, projects the axle d, by which
the barrel or rubber a, is driven and at both ends of the cylinder b, are brackets f
for the purpose of receiving and keeping in their places the slides hereinafter
mentioned.
On each end of the axle d, is fitted a slide e, in and on which the axle d, rests;
these slides e, work in the brackets f, before mentioned. The slides e, are connected
with a lever g, and weights h, (or with springs) placed so as to raise or depress the
slides e, as required and consequently the rubber also.
The object of this arrangement of slides e, and levers g, and weights h, (ur
springs) is to bring the rubber a, and the false bottom c, to such a distance from
one another as may be desired and also to take the surplus weight of the barrel a,
from the driving power and to reduce the friction between the rubber a, and the
bottom c.
The cylinder b, before mentioned encloses the whole apparatus and is pierced at
one side with an opening i, to receive the substance which it is wished to pulverize
and at the opposite side with another aperture j, for the discharge of the material
when reduced to the required size.
These openings may be varied both in size and position as required
The material to be pulverized is put into a hopper conveniently fixed on the
cylinder b, and by means of water will be conducted through the aperture i, and
will fall on the barrel or rubber a, which in its revolution will rub or crush the

page_text: same on and against the bottom or the false bottom c, whichever may be in use.
The action of this barrel or rubber a, constructed as herein before described will be
that of a series of grindings or pressures and as each inclined plane comes into
contact with the bottom the material will be ground or pulverized
The groove formed by the junction of the greater and lesser ends of the inclined
planes will allow a space for the material to change position and on the next contact
it will receive consequent pressure on another surface
The material when ground of sufficient fineness will be carried out of the apparatus
by the escape of water through the opening j, provided for that purpose.
The machine is fixed on any convenient stand and may be driven by any ordinary
power such as steam, water or horse power.
The size of rubber or barrel which I have found to give good results is one
varying from about seventeen inches to forty eight inches in diameter and that
of the cylinder from about twenty inches to fifty one inches; the number of
revolutions per minute at which the machine is driven will vary considerably but
in a machine of seventeen inches diameter a speed of about thirty revolutions per
minute gives good results.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and the manner of carrying
the same into effect what I claim is : —
Firstly The combination of parts forming the improved machine for pulverizing
sand, ores, metals and other substances arranged and operating substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying
drawing
Secondly The method herein described of forming the barrel of a pulverizing
machine by joining together a series of inclined planes substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described and shewn in the accompanying drawing.
Thirdly-The combination of a rubber constructed as hereinbefore described with
an outer cylinder provided with a false bottom as herein before described and
represented in figures 2 and 4 of the accompanying drawing
Fourthly The moveable slides in which the axle of the machine works such slides
being raised and depressed by levers and weights (or a spring) as and for the
purposes herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawing
In witness whereof I the said James Nicholas have hereto set my hand
and seal this eleventh day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
Witness
WILLIAM PHILLIPS
Clerk to M Geo. S. Bray
Solicitor
Redruth
JAMES NICHOLAS (L.S.).