Improvements in Conduits for Electric Mains and in Laying the same.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 26th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 27th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Conduits for Electric Mains and in Laying
the same.
We, HENRY LEWIS DOULTON, Potter, and CHARLES EDWARD MORRIS, Clerk,
both of Lambeth Pottery, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
We lay electric mains in stoneware or earthenware casings similar to pipes but
with multiple ducts. We make the joints between the lengths of this casing by
surrounding the ends with a divided collar which may be of the same material as
the casing. Portland or other cement is employed to render the joint water tight
and to prevent the cement penetrating between the ends of the lengths of casing
The ends of the
they are lapped round with adhesive waterproofed canvas.
casing and also the collar are provided with annular grooves where they come
The collars may be of iron and the
together to render the joint more secure.
cement may be run in in a fluid state. In place of excluding the cement from
between the ends of the lengths of casing by means of a canvas lapping the cement
may be allowed to enter between the ends and the cuds may be left a short
distance apart to enable it to do so more effectually whilst at the same time the
cement is excluded from the ducts by means of mandrils with heads of india rubber
which either before or after insertion into the duct can be compressed longitudinally
and expanded to make them fit accurately. In some cases we exclude the cement
from the ducts by means of bushes of insulating material such as wood or paper
fibre saturated with water proofing liquid and inserted into recesses made to
receive them between the lengths of the casing. These cases are in themselves
of a highly insulating material and by the means described the joints between them
may be so made as to prevent electrical leakage either to earth or from duct to
duct, this renders them well adapted to receive bare electric conductors.
We prepare for making lateral connections with the electric mains by grooving
or nicking the lengths of stoneware or earthenware casing at suitable places to
admit of side entrances being made to either of the ducts where required. When
a connection is required to be made a piece of the ware of a form predetermined
by the grooving or nicking is broken out. We provide junction caps to fit the
lateral entrances so made.
nail 1
Il 1000
H. L. DOULTON.
CHARLES EDWARD MORRIS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Conduits for Electric Mains and in Laying
the same.
We, HENRY LEWIS DOULTON, Potter, and CHARLES EDWARD MORRIS,
Clerk, both of Lambeth Pottery, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
We lay electric mains in stoneware or earthenware casings similar to pipes but
with multiple ducts. We make the joints between the lengths of this casing by
surrounding the ends with a divided collar which may be of the same material as
the casing. Portland or other cement is employed to render the joint water tight

page_text: and to prevent the cement penetrating between the ends of the lengths of casing
they are lapped round with adhesive waterproofed canvas. The ends of the casing
and also the collar are provided with annular grooves where they come together
to render the joint more secure. The collars may be of iron and the cement may
be run in in a fluid state. In place of excluding the cement from between the
ends of the lengths of casing by means of a canvas lapping the cement may be
allowed to enter between the ends and the ends may be left a short distance apart
to enable it to do so more effectually whilst at the same time the cement is excluded
from the ducts by means of mandrils with heads of india rubber which either before
or after insertion into the duct can be compressed longitudinally and expanded
to make them fit accurately. We prepare for making lateral connections with the
electric mains by grooving or nicking the lengths of stoneware or earthenware
casing at suitable places to admit of side entrances being made to either of the
ducts where required. When a connection is required to be made a piece of the
ware of a form predetermined by the grooving or nicking is broken out.
provide junction caps to fit the lateral entrances so made.
We
In order that our invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect we will proceed to describe the drawing hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section and Figure 2 is a transverse section.
These figures show the ends a a of two lengths of an earthenware or stoneware
multiple duct conduit connected by a joint. Three ducts are here shown but in
some cases there may be two only and in other cases a larger number of ducts
may be provided. The smaller perforations seen in Figure 2 are to lighten the
conduit and facilitate burning. The ends of the lengths of conduit are grooved
at a' a to give a better holding surface for the attachment of the cement. is the
collar in two halves, it may be of earthenware or stoneware. c is a band of canvas
lapped around the lengths a a where they meet; d d is the cement which makes
the joint; it is applied in a mortar like state such that it will not run out at the
end of the collar. The lower part of the collar is first laid in the trench cut in
the earth to receive the conduit and cement is spread upon it; then the canvas is
laid and upon it the lengths a a, then the canvas is folded around the
conduit and more cement is spread either on the ends of the lengths at a¹ a¹ or on
the inner surface of the upper part of the collar b to form the top of the joint;
lastly the upper part of the cap is put on and pressed firmly down.
Figures 3 and 4 show a modification; here the collar is of cast iron or other
metal and it is so made that when put together around the conduit its ends fit
sufficiently closely to the conduit to admit of cement being poured in in a semi-
fluid state. There is a pouring hole provided in the top of the collar. The upper
half of the collar may be removed after the cement is set and may be used
many times.
Figures 5 and 6 show another modification Figure 5 being a longitudinal section
and Figure 6 a transverse section.
Here the conduit is of a slightly different external form and the canvas band is
omitted, other means being resorted to for excluding the cement from the ducts.
Figures 7 and 8 show a modification of the collar; here the lower part is cast
preferably in a bituminous or asphaltic composition and the upper part, which is
removed when the joint is set, is of cast iron.
Figures 9 and 10 show a modification in which the conduit is of rectangular
section; in this case there is no need to provide an upper portion or cover to the
collar. The joint is made with a band of canvas as in Figures 1 and 2 and with
cement of a mortar like consistency.
Figures 11 and 12 show a form of conduit like that in the preceding figures
but the open collar or joint trough bis of metal and adapted to receive semi fluid
cement.

page_text: Figures 13 and 14 shew an horizontal section and a transverse section of a conduit
having two ducts only and the canvas is dispensed with, the cement being excluded
from the ducts by other means.
Figures 15 and 16 show vertical sections of a collar or joint trough cast in
bituminous or asphaltic composition which may be substituted for the metal collar
or joint trough represented in Figures 13 and 14. In the Figures 15 and 16 the
conduits are indicated by dotted lines.
Figures 17 and 18 show the apparatus which we sometimes employ to exclude
the cement from the ducts; it consists of an india rubber block which is made to
nearly fit the duct (whether it be circular or square in section). is an iron rod
passing through the block e and having a head against which the block rests.
is a metal tube surrounding the rod ; it has discs g' and ' at its ends, the
former comes to abut against the block and the latter upon the outer end of the
length of conduit, as is clearly shown in the figures.
the screw.
e
The rod has a screw thread upon it at g³ and a hand nut is received upon
The apparatus is passed into the duct as in Figure 17 with the
block e of its natural dimensions and able to enter the duct freely. When the
block is in place the block is expanded by turning the hand nut and compressing
the block end wise.
Each duct whether they be two three or more in number is stopped in this manner
at the place where the joint is to be made and then the semi-fluid cement is poured
into the collar or joint trough.
The semi-fluid cement which we prefer to employ in making joints consists of
tar one part, and sulphur two parts; these ingredients are melted and thoroughly
mixed together and then as much dry sand is worked up with it as is consistent with
the maintainance of sufficient fluidity. When cement of a mortar like consistency
is employed we generally use Portland cement.
Figure 19 is a longitudinal section of one of the conduits a and indicates the
method in which side connections with the ducts are made. Before the conduit
is burnt, it is nicked all around wherever an opening may be required to be made
as at a a² and then the piece bounded by the nicks can easily be broken out.
Or in place of nicking all round two parallel longitudinal nicks will suffice. i is a
junction piece which may be fixed in the opening; it is seen also in plan at
Figure 20.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. Conduits for electric mains substantially as described and illustrated by the
annexed drawings.
2. The means substantially as described for forming cement joints on stoneware
or earthenware conduits for electric mains and for preventing the cement from
entering the multiple ducts of such conduits.
3. The means substantially as described for forming lateral openings into and
connections with the multiple ducts of stoneware or earthenware conduits for
electric mains.
Dated this 19th day of April 1893.
H. L. DOULTON.
CHAS. E. MORRIS.