and the like, and in the Preparation or Manufacture of Materials therefor.
Year: 1887

page_text: and the like, and in the Preparation or Manufacture of Materials
therefor.
I, WILLIAM HALES TURNER of Chell Lodge, Tunstall in the County of Stafford,
Earthenware Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the printing or decoration of pottery
ware and comprises novel features in the composition of the size for the paper in the
preparation of the colouring materials and in the mode of applying the same.
The object thereof is to enable the patterns or designs to be printed rapidly in
mineral colours most of which contain à great proportion of metallic oxide of a very
abrasive character which under ordinary circumstances rapidly wears away both the
printing surface or block and the doctors or scrapers. In order to print successfully
in mineral colours and prevent undue wear of the parts in contact therewith it is
necessary that such parts and also the colours themselves should be heated to an
extent not hitherto practiced in the art of pottery printing. It is impossible in fact
to increase the temperature too highly so long as the colours are not burnt.
In order to render the paper suitable for the reception of colours and of a
quality that will allow it to part readily with the same when transferred to the china
or earthenware it is "sized" with the following preparation:-To one gallon of water
I add two pounds of soda and boil until the soda is dissolved; half a pound of white
lead is then added and lastly a pint of linseed oil and the boiling continued until a
thorough mixture of the ingredients is effected. The paper may be sized in the
usual manner either at the mill or during its passage through the printing machine
but the former is preferred as the size is then firmly set before being used. The
effect of the size is to destroy the fibre of the paper and fill up the pores thereof so as
to prevent any absorption of the colouring matter and render the paper easily friable
when moistened.
The colouring materials are prepared as follows. To one gallon of boiling oil I
add one pound of tar the mixture being allowed to boil for half an hour when I add

page_text: a quarter of a pound of white lead allowing the boiling to continue for three or four hours
when a small quantity of sugar say half an ounce is added and the boiling continued
for another hour at the expiration of which time it will have attained the required
consistency or adhesiveness. The mixture is then gradually cooled and stored for
future use becoming according to present experience more suitable for use as a
vehicle for colouring materials in proportion to the length of time it is kept.
The colouring matter to be mixed with the above vehicle after being ground as fine
as possible and "lawned" or sifted is highly heated care being taken not to burn it.
The vehicle is then boiled and the heated colouring matter introduced and the whole
thoroughly mixed or ground together preferably by hollow heated granite cylinders
until ready for use. In order to derive the full benefit of my invention it is necessary
that the paper and colours at the time of printing should be highly heated say to
about 400° F. A lower temperature will suffice but under such conditions it will be
necessary to allow the paper to remain longer in contact with the printing block or
cylinder whereby the rate of production will be diminished.
I do not confine myself to the proportions of the various ingredients herein given
nor to the exact time required or mode of procedure although I have found such to
be satisfactory.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Printing or Decorating of Earthenware, China,
and the like, and in the Preparation or Manufacture of Materials
therefor.
I WILLIAM HALES TURNER of Chell Lodge, Tunstall in the County of Stafford,
Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the printing or decoration of pottery
ware and comprises novel features in the composition of the size for the paper in the
preparation of the colouring materials and in the mode of applying the same.
The object thereof is to enable the patterns or designs to be printed rapidly in
mineral colours most of which contain a great proportion of metallic oxido of a very
abrasive character which under ordinary circumstances rapidly wears away both the
printing surface or block and the doctors or scrapers. In order to print successfully
in mineral colours and prevent undue wear of the parts in contact therewith it is
necessary that such parts and also the colours themselves should be heated to an extent
not hitherto practiced in the art of pottery printing. It is impossible in fact to
increase the temperature too highly so long as the colours are not burnt.
In order to render the paper suitable for the reception of colours and of a quality
that will allow it to part readily with the same when transferred to the china or
earthenware it is "sized" with the following preparation. To one gallon of water I
add two pounds of soda and boil until the soda is dissolved; half a pound of white
lead is then added and lastly a pint of linseed oil and the boiling continued until a
thorough mixture of the ingredients is effected. The paper may be sized in the usual
manner either at the mill or during its passage through the printing machine but the
former is preferred as the size is then firmly set before being used. The effect of the
size is to destroy the fibre of the paper and fill up the pores thereof so as to prevent
any absorption of the colouring matter and render the paper easily friable when
moistened. The colouring materials are prepared as follows. To one gallon of boiling
oil I add one pound of tar the mixture being allowed to boil for half an hour when
add a quarter of a pound of white lead allowing the boiling to continue for three or
four hours when a small quantity of sugar say half an ounce is added and the boiling
continued for another hour at the expiration of which time it will have attained the
required consistency or adhesiveness. The mixture is then gradually cooled and
stored for future use becoming according to present experience more suitable for use
as a vehicle for colouring materials in proportion to the length of time it is kept.
The colouring matter to be mixed with the above vehicle after being ground as fine
as possible and "lawned" or sifted, is highly heated care being taken not to burn it.
The vehicle is then boiled and the heated colouring matter introduced and the whole
thoroughly mixed or ground together preferably by hollow heated granito cylinders
until ready for use. In order to derive the full benefit of my invention it is necessary

page_text: that the paper and colours at the time of printing should be highly heated say to
about 400° F. A lower temperature will suffice but under such conditions it will be
necessary to allow the paper to remain longer in contact with the printing block or
cylinder whereby the rate of production will be diminished. The paper is applied to
& washed off the earthenware in the ordinary well known manner.
I do not confine myself to the proportions of the various ingredients herein given
nnr to the exact time required or mode of procedure although I have found such to be
satisfactory.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The complete process substantially as specified for the printing or decoration of
china earthenware and the like consisting in :-
(a) Treating the paper either at the mill or in the printing machine with the size
specified.
(b) Supplying the highly heated pattern roller of the printing machine with the
colour prepared as specified and also highly heated and applying the same under
pressure to the prepared paper which passing over heated rollers is also highly heated.
(c). Applying in the well known manner the strip of paper bearing the colours to
the article to be decorated pressing it on and removing the paper, by immersion in
water.
2. The method of producing a paper strip suitable for receiving the colour on its
surface but without absorbing it consisting in sizing the paper with the size specified
in combination with the great heat to which the prepared paper is subsequently
subjected has the effect of closing the pores of the paper and rotting the fibres so that
the paper may be easily removed from the colour after the latter is applied to the
article to be decorated substantially as specified.
3. The method of applying the colour to the paper which consists in applying
the colour in a fluid and highly heated condition to the heated engraved roll and
transferring it to the sized and heated surface of the paper to which it adheres
substantially as specified.
4. The method of preparing mineral colours for use in potters printing consisting
in mixing together substantially in the manner and proportions specified the following
ingredients Oil, tar, white lead, sugar and the colour.
5. The method of preparing "size" for the paper strips consisting in mixing
together, soda, white lead, and linseed oil, substantially in the manner and proportions
specified.
6. A prepared colour for potters printing consisting of oil, tar, white lead, sugar,
and the colours prepared substantially in the manner and proportions specified.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1887
WILLIAM HALES TURNER.