A Process and Apparatus for Oxidising Drying Oils.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 9th Feb.,
1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Process and Apparatus for Oxidising Drying Oils.
I, FREDERICK WALTON, of 114 Holborn, in the City of London, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to a process and apparatus for oxidising drying oils, the
objects which I have in view being to shorten the time and economise the labour
in effecting the oxidation, and to render the oxidation very complete by exposing
the oil to the action of oxygen while it is in a minutely subdivided condition.
For
this purpose I cause the oil to descend as a shower in drops or fine streams from a
tank above to a tank below, pumping it up from the latter, and continuing the
action until the oil becomes too viscid to be farther treated in this manner. I then
subject the viscid oil to the action of beaters revolving in a heated cylinder through
which air is passed. By this operation the oil is rendered still more viscid and is
broken up into minute globules or vesicles constituting a pasty mass. In some cases
I conduct this operation in a close vessel supplied with air under pressure, so that
when the material issues, all the vesicles become expanded.
The material thus treated is allowed to cool and then is divided into portions and
moderately heated, all the portions and vesicles being thereby caused to expand
and become very porous and spongy in character. I then pass the spongy mass
through between a spiked roller and a serrated bar or comb by which the mass is
cut up and separated into particles with interstices throughout, and, in order that
the material may be thus treated repeatedly, I provide conveyors and elevators by
which the portions operated on are returned to be acted on again and again, until
the material acquires the desired consistence.
The oil is treated as above described preferably in a raw or unboiled condition,
the expense of boiling being thus avoided and a product of better colour and more
fusible character being thus obtained.
Dated this 10th day of April 1894.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, FREDERICK WALTON, of 114 Holborn, in the City of London, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to means of economising time and labour in effecting the
oxidation of drying oils, so as to render them fit for use in making various
compounds such for instance as those employed for the manufacture of linoleum
and other floor cloths.
For this purpose I first mix the oil with a small proportion of concentrated
dryers and treat it in a known manner, by heating it and letting it descend in

page_text: a shower in the condition of drops or fine streams, exposed to the air during their
descent and repeating this treatment until the oil becomes too viscid to flow. For
this preliminary treatment it is only necessary to provide a tank with a perforated
bottom steam jacketted for heating the oil to about 50° C. and discharging it as a
shower, a tank below to receive the shower and a pump by which the oil that has
descended is pumped up to the tank above to descend repeatedly.
After this preliminary treatment the viscid oil is farther oxidised and rendered
still more viscid by apparatus of which Fig. 1 is a side view and Fig. 2 is an end
view. It consists of a cylinder A mounted on trunnions B and made with a jacket
through which steam can be passed for heating, or water for cooling by pipes b
passing through stuffing boxes in the trunnions B. Within the cylinder there is an
agitator consisting of a number of arms e fixed on a shaft C which extends through
a stuffing box in one end of the cylinder and is caused to revolve at various speeds,
such as from 40 to 90 revolutions per minute, by a suitable motor. By means of a
hand wheel and screwed sleeve D working on a right and left screw d jointed at its
one end to the cylinder A and at its other end to the base of the standard E which
supports the trunnion, the cylinder can be more or less inclined or tilted.
At one end of the cylinder there is a door F hinged at its upper edge and
connected by links f to cranks f¹ fixed on the spindle of a worm wheel with
which gears a worm f³. By turning this worm by its hand wheel the cranks f¹
are moved so as to open or close the door F. On the opposite end of the cylinder A
is mounted a fan or air blower G communicating with the interior of the cylinder
by a pipe g. There is also on the top of the cylinder an outlet pipe H for air,
having a number of internal baffles to catch such particles of the oil as the air may
carry with it. The viscid oil along with about 5 per cent. of whiting, is charged
into the cylinder A by a pipe a which is then closed, and is subjected to the beating
and breaking action of the revolving arms c while air is driven by the fan or blower G
and pipe into and through the cylinder from which it escapes at H. During
this action the temperature is prevented from rising above 55° C., by causing cold
water to circulate through the jacket and, if necessary, by reducing the speed of
the agitating arms. The action is continued until the oil attains the condition of
thick paste. The door F is then opened and the contents of the cylinder are
discharged into shallow trays in which they are allowed to cool and set. The
trays containing the material are then placed in a drying stove and kept at a
temperature of about 40° C. until the material attains a dry spongy condition, when
it is removed to be operated on by a machine of which Fig. 3 is a vertical section.
In a vessel I revolves a spiked roller J, its spikes passing through between spike
teeth projecting from an angle plate. The dry spongy material to be operated
on descends a shoot i, it is spread laterally by a worm conveyor and in
passing through between the fixed and revolving spikes at J is cut into small
fragments which descend by a plate K to the bottom of the vessel I. The
fragments are led by several longitudinal worm conveyor k arranged in the bottom
of the vessel to a tranverse worm k by which they are all delivered into the
bottom receptacle of an elevator L. This carries them up and delivers them again
into the shoot i to be again operated on. When they are sufficiently treated a
valve is turned down so as to close the mouth of the shoot i and open a discharge
shoot M. From a shafts are worked by belts the upper pulley of the elevator L
also a countershaft N from which are worked by belts the tranverse worms i¹ and k¹
and by bevil gear the longitudinal worms k.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described process for effecting oxidation of drying oils by first
causing the oil mixed with a small proportion of dryers to descend repeatedly in a
shower, secondly, by subjecting the oil thus rendered viscid and mixed with whiting
to the action of revolving agitators in a cylinder through which air is caused to

page_text: pass; thirdly, by drying the material to a spongy consistence; and fourthly by
breaking up the dried spongy material to a granulated condition.
2. The apparatus for conducting the second part of the process, consisting of the
jacketted cylinder A mounted on trunnions B having passages for fluid to and from
the jacket, the cylinder being provided with the tilting apparatus Dd, with the
door F and its opening and closing gear, with the shaft C and agitating arms c
thereon, also with the air blower & and baffled air outlet H, constructed and
operating substantially as described.
3. The apparatus for conducting the fourth part of the process, consisting of the
vessel I, the spiked roller J and spikes on plate, the worm conveyors elevator and
shoots, arranged and operating substantially as described.
Dated this 5th day of January 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.