AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION, APPLICABLE TO THE COAPS BOTTOMS AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Cram, of the City of Chester, Iron Ship
Builder, and John Jackson Crane, of the same Place, Painter, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION, APPLICABLE TO THE COATING OF
Sealed the 26th June 1855, and dated the 1st January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Cram and John
Jackson Crane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st January 1855.
We, GEORGE CRAM, of the City of Chester, Iron Ship Builder, and JOHN
JACKSON CRANE, of the same Place, Painter, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION, APPLICABLE TO THE COATING
OF SHIPS BOTTOMS AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application and use of a composition or
mixture formed of white lead, red lead, "litherage," "japanner's gold size,"
boiled linseed oil, and turpentine. This composition can be applied to the
surface to be covered either in a fluid or semi-fluid state.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Cram and John Jackson Crane in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 30th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, GEORGE
CRAM, of the City of Chester, Iron Ship Builder, and JOHN JACKSON CRANE,
of the same Place, Painter, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George. Cram and John Jackson Crane, Her special licence that we,
the said George Cram and John Jackson Crane, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others, as we, the said George Cram and John Jackson
Crane, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times hereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION, APPLI
CABLE TO THE COATING OF SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," upon the
condition, amongst others, that we, the said George Cram and John Jackson
Crane, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Cram and John Jackson Crane,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in the application and use of a composition or
mixture formed of white lead, red lead, litharge, japanner's gold size, boiled
linseed oil, and turpentine, for the purpose of protecting ships' bottoms, and
other surfaces which may be coated or covered therewith, from the action of
the atmosphere and sea water, and to prevent the adhesion of animal or
vegetable matter thereto. We wish it to be understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the exact proportions of the various ingredients used in forming

page_text: our improved composition, as herein-after stated, but we prefer to use them in
about the following proportions:-
One hundred and twelve pounds weight of dry white lead of commerce;
Eight pounds weight of dry red lead of commerce;
Six pounds weight of the litharge of commerce;
Three gallons of japanner's gold size;
One gallon of boiled linseed oil; and
Half a gallon of spirits of turpentine ;
which we mix well together, and apply to the surface to be covered with a
trowel. If preferred, this composition can be made more fluid by adding larger
portions of the boiled linseed oil and the spirits of turpentine, so that it may
be applied to the surface to be covered therewith, by the aid of brush, as
common oil paint is now applied.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner the same is or may be used or carried into effect,
what we claim is, the forming and use of an improved composition, composed
of the materials or ingredients herein-before described for the coating of ships'
bottoms and other purposes.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Cram and John Jackson Crane,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-ninth day of June,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER.
GEORGE (L.S.)
CRAM.
JOHN JACKSON (L.s.) CRANE.