matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING APPARATUS FOR UPRIGHT AND OTHER RUNNERS AND BEARINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cunningham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1870.
"
I, WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, Manager of Ward Mills, Dundee, in the
County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING APPARATUS FOR UPRIGHT
AND OTHER RUNNERS AND BEARINGS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
66
This Invention has for its object to insure the thorough and efficient
lubrication of upright and other runners and bearings with a minimum
quantity of lubricant, whilst the parts are in motion, and also prevent
waste of the lubricant when the parts are at rest, and it consists in
forming a special reservoir for the lubricant which when in use is closed
air-tight excepting at a bore formed through the inner side to the surface
to be lubricated, in which bore a regulator spindle is inserted to regulate
the egress of the lubricant. The regulator spindle is pressed through
the bore against the bush, spindle, or shaft to be lubricated by a spring
applied inside the reservoir, but is formed with a collar which prevents
it being pushed out too far.

page_text: An important application of the improved apparatus is that to upright
runners used in machinery for manufacturing textile materials, in which
case the reservoir is formed in the runner itself and of an annular shape,
and when the runner revolves upon a hollow bush or stud which has a
spindle passing through it one or more holes are bored through the
bush for the lubricating matter to have access by to the spindle. When
the runner is in motion the slight accompanying vibration gives a
corresponding slight movement to the regulator spindle in the lubricator
bore, which causes a proportionate supply of the lubricant to issue from
the reservoir. The regulator spindle is made a more or less easy fit to
the bore accordingly as more or less lubricant is required. In other
applications the annular reservoir may be formed in either the running
or revolving part or in the stationary bearing. It is preferred to make
the reservoir of an annular form as described, particularly when applied
to an annular running piece, but it may also be of any other convenient
form. It may be formed in the running or stationary piece, or be made
separately and of glass or other suitable material, and be affixed, being
of course properly balanced when affixed to the running part, whilst two
or more reservoirs may be applied to each runner or bearing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISCHARGING GRAIN FROM SHIPS AND ELSEWHERE, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1870.
I, MATTHEW ANDERSON, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DISCHARGING GRAIN FROM SHIPS AND ELSEWHERE, AND IN THE
APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in discharging grain
from ships, warehouses, and other places where it is or may be deposited,
and which may likewise be used for turning over grain when required,
consists in the employment of one or more currents of compressed air,
which are caused to pass through one or more pipes or nozzles
contiguous to one or more other pipes or nozzles in communication with
a passage leading to or connected with the grain. The effect of the com.
pressed air escaping or rushing through the first of the aforesaid pipe or
pipes or nozzles is to induce the grain through the second pipe or pipes
or nozzles and to discharge it in a continuous stream at any place
required.
A.. NEW OR IMPROVED LEAF GUARD AND BOOK. MARK
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Knox Dallison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1870.
I, JOHN KNOX DALLISON, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey;.
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ A..
NEW OR IMPROVED LEAF GUARD AND BOOK. MARK," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a useful and inexpensive
guard to protect the corners of the leaves. of all kinds of books,
publications, or papers from being turned or folded down, and from being
what is generally known as "dog. eared" or from being otherwise dis-
figured, and such guard or guards can also be used as a book mark.or
marks, thus causing one article to serve for both purposes..
The Invention consists in making the leaf guards or book marks from
thin sheets of malleable or ductile metal,, the metal sheets I prefer to,
use being of thin sheet brass and lacquered. Having cut a suitably
sized oblong piece with square or other shaped ends out of the metallic:
sheet (according to the size or description of book, publication, or paper
the guard or mark is required for) I then fold down or bend back almost
flat one corner or portion at each end of the piece until the corners

page_text: touch each other or nearly so, thus forming the back of the guard or
mark, the remaining portion forming the front. On the front may be
stamped or otherwise impressed or marked any desired device either of
an ornamental nature, or of a useful nature, to indicate, for example, that
the guard or mark is for the top corner or lower corner of the leaf. In
order to put the guard (or mark) on the leaf or leaves of a book all
that is necessary is to slightly open the back corners or portions of the
guard so as to admit of the same being easily slipped on to the corner
of the leaf or corners of the leaves, the back corners are then pressed
back into their places either by the hand or by closing up the book
thereon, when it will be found that the leaf or leaves is or are securely
and flatly held in the guard. One guard or mark will serve to hold either
one leaf or a number of leaves together, and when a series of guards
or marks are required to be used in a ledger or other account book, or a
book, or other publication, or paper where numerous entries or references
have constantly and expeditiously to be made this Invention will be of
very great advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED APPARATUS FOR PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bremner at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1870.
I, SAMUEL BREMNER, Manager to Harrild and Sons, of Fleet Works;.
Farringdon Street, in the City of London, Manufacturers of Printing
Machines, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FEED APPARATUS FOR PRINTING MACHINES," to be as.
follows:-
This Invention is intended chiefly to apply to two feeder machines
with one impression cylinder, and the object is to enable them to print
sheets of various sizes. Hitherto these machines, when they have had
only one impression cylinder, have not been able to print sheets of moro
than one size..
The Invention relates to the employment of vacuum or suction as
about to be described. At each side of the impression cylinder is fitted
in suitable bearings a hollow shaft on which a drum divided into sections.
is mounted. Several of these sections are loose on the shaft and receivo
the margin tapes which carry off the sheets, while the other sections, one
or more on each shaft, are fixed to the shaft so as to turn with it.

page_text: Through each hollow shaft is carried a pipe which is in communication
with an exhausting apparatus, and between the pipe and the periphery
of each fixed section a T pipe or other suitable pipo is fitted, the outer
end of the latter pipe being formed with one or more slots or apertures.
Above the drums are mounted “dividing fingers" and "lay marks" or
stops.
The action (which takes place at each side of the machine) is as follows:
-The sheet to be printed is placed upon the drum and against the lay
marks or stops, when the vacuum produced in the pipes will hold it in
place; the lay marks and dividing fingers are then moved out of the
way by a cam or otherwise, and the drum shaft turns in its bearings
until the sheet is received between the tapes; air is at this time admitted
into the pipes by the action of a cam or otherwise, so that the vacuum
being destroyed the sheet is free to be carried off by the tapes to the
impression cylinder. When the drum shaft has returned to its first:
position a vacuum is again formed in the pipes, the lay marks and
dividing fingers also take up their first position, and the dividing fingers
keep the printed sheet (which is being carried off by the tapes to other
tapes above as usual) from contact with the drum. The operation is
then repeated for another sheet, and so on. The necessary adjustment
or alteration for different sized sheets can be readily made by altering
the position of the cams.
IMPROVED APPARATUS. FOR PREVENTING. THE DOWNWARD DRAUGHT IN CHIMNIES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Murray Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the. 15th.
January 1870..
I, MURRAY ANDERSON, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,.
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
***IMPROVED APPARATUS. FOR PREVENTING. THE DOWNWARD DRAUGHT IN CHIMNIES,"
to be as follows::
This Invention consists in the construction of certain apparatus:
whereby the downward draught in chimnies is effectually prevented..
A perpendicular tube or pipe is fixed on the top of the flue, and on the
exterior of the said tube or pipe is arranged and fixed a tube of larger
diameter, the lower end thereof being placed below. the opening of the
first-mentioned tube or pipe-and the upper part extending above the top-
of the same. The external tube may be constructed in a corrugated.
form, or a series of tubes concentrically. arranged. may be employed. in.
lieu thereof.. The warm.air which issues from the interior tube rarifies.
the air contained in the exterior tube, and an upward current. of cold air.
is necessarily created between the internal and external tubes,, whereby.

page_text: the smoke issuing from the chimney is caused to ascend, and a down-
ward draught prevented.
This Invention is applicable not only to chimnies connected with
ordinary fire-places, but also to gas flues and apparatus for burning, gas,
whether for the production of heat or light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND IN OBTAINING MANURES OR FERTILIZING SUBSTANCES THEREFROM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1870.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Newton Heath, Manchester, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND IN OBTAINING MANURES OR
FERTILIZING SUBSTANCES THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in treating sewage with a certain compound
whereby it is deodorized and substances are precipitated which are
useful fertilizing agents.
The compound I employ consists of sulphate of alumina, alum, and
persulphate of iron. The special method I propose to employ for
obtaining this compound is to employ calcined china clay or analogous
substance, and to avail myself of the mother liquor arising from the
alum manufacture, which mother liquor contains alum, in some cases
free sulphuric acid and sulphate of iron; this gives rise to sulphate of
alumina by combination of the acid with the clay, but leaving silica and
some other matters. The alum and sulphate of iron exist, as before

page_text: mentioned, in the said mother liquor. The whole of these substances
being brought into chemical or mechanical combination, I evaporate the.
mass into a cake, in using which it may be mixed with water and allowed
to flow into the sewage as is now practised with other substances, when
the aforesaid deodorization and precipitation will take place. I have
above spoken of the mother liquor as sometimes containing free acid, if
there be no such acid or not sufficient I then add it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM A FALL OF WATER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joaquim Antonio de Macedo at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th August 1870.
t
I, JOAQUIM ANTONIO DE MACEDO, of Burton House, Leeds, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM A FALL OF WATER," to be as.
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining motive-
power from a fall of water. In order to effectually and economically.
utilize the weight or pressure of a fall of water of any height I employ a
heavy cylinder mounted on a horizontal axis, and having jointed to..its.
periphery six or other number of flaps or paddles which can fold down on
to the cylinder and completely enclose it. The flaps or paddles when so
folded form a true cylindrical surface. Underneath the cylinder and con-
centric with it is a trough extending, say, one-third round the cylinder,...
and the ends of the trough fit closely to those of the cylinder. The water:
to actuate the machine comes in down a pipe or passage into one side of
the trough, and issues at the other side of the trough. The flaps or
paddles when on the under side of the cylinder fall down, turning about

page_text: the joints connecting them with the cylinder until they stand radially or
nearly so with their outer ends resting against the bottom of the trough,
they then obstruct the flow of the water through the trough from side to
side, and compel the water in escaping to turn the cylinder, and from
the cylinder motion may be given to machinery by ordinary driving
gear. On the descending side of the cylinder where the flaps or paddles
enter the trough in order to make a water-tight or nearly water-tight
joint with the end of the pipe or passage which supplies the water, so
that the water may be compelled to pass through the trough and under
the cylinder in order to escape a hinged flap is provided, it is a portion
of the side of the descending pipe adjacent to the cylinder; it is kept in
contact with the cylinder by the pressure of the water and by a weight.
The pressure of the flap against the cylinder may be adjusted by a screw
so as to avoid unnecessary friction. The weight of the cylinder is such
that the water pressure beneath it is sufficient or nearly so to raise it, so
that the friction on its axes is small.
The speed of the apparatus is self-regulating and requires no governor,
the speed being always in proportion to the quantity of water supplied
to it any variation in the load will immediately cause a corresponding
variation in the level of the water in supply tube, which will be a
completely full when the wheel is doing its maximum duty. Where the
quantity of water is very variable and a constant speed required this will
be attained by gearing.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING WITH LEGROINE GAS (PETROLEUM SPIRIT),
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arcadi Stolipine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1870.
I, ARCADI STOLIPINE, of Peterborough, in the Empire of Russia,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING WITH LEGROINE GAS (PETROLEUM
SPIRIT)," to be as follows:-
The burner consists of a small tube having at the top a slit, and to
this tube is brazed a second tube, to the lower part of which is brazed
another tube.
In the centre of the tubing below the burner there is a copper or
brass rod fixed at the bottom to the vessel containing the fluid from
which the gas is generated, and to the top of the rod is brazed a hollow
perforated head, to which is fixed a wire gauze tube extending down-
wards, there being brazed to the top of the wire tube a short tube used
as a gas collector or reservoir.
The cotton or other absorbing material is placed in the fluid, and
extended to the top of the interior of the wire tube and around the lower

page_text: end of its exterior. Around the outer tube there is a regulator for raising
or lowering by means of a screw two platina rings in the flame to give
more or less heat to the wire tube to generate more or less gas.
The tubing is connected to an air chamber screwed in the fluid
cistern, the chamber having the necessary perforations for the admission
of air; and the chamber and vessel are kept tight by means of a leather
or other suitable washer; and at the top of the outer tube there is a
screw, on which is placed a frame or triangle for carrying a glass globe
or chimney.
An IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING CALCULATIONS, APPLICABLE TO WEIGHTS, MEASURES, TIME, AND MONEY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sellers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1870.
68
I, JOHN SELLERS, of Whitcliffe Lane, Cleckheaton, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for An
IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING CALCULATIONS, APPLICABLE TO
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, TIME, AND MONEY," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists of a cylinder inclosed in a caso in which is
a slit longitudinally of the cylinder to exhibit a portion thereof. The
numbers for multiplicand or amount to be calculated from are marked
on the side or sides of the slit in the case, and the multipliers are marked
around the end of the cylinder, with the quotients also marked on the
cylinder opposite thereto in longitudinal lines, so that by turning the
said cylinder to bring the required number thereon opposite the slit, then
by looking at the number or amount marked on the case the quotient
will be found opposite to it on the said cylinder.
.
For example, in calculating the wages of workpeople, for which this
machine is more especially intended, supposing the number of hours per

page_text: week to be sixty, the cylinder being divided circumferentially into sixty
parts, and numbered in consecutive order around the end, and supposing
the rate of wages to range from thirty to five shillings per week, these
being marked on the side of the slit in the case in consecutive order, so
that if it be required to find the wages at thirty shillings per week i
for, say, forty hours, by turning the cylinder until the number forty
appears in the slit or opening of the case then the amount of twenty
shillings will be found marked on the cylinder opposite to it, and so on
for any other number of hours or at any other rate of wages, the
amounts being all calculated out and marked on the cylinder in proper
arrangement. So also if the machine is to be used for reckoning weights
and measures by proportions of any amount at a given rate, the quotient
will be shewn on the cylinder opposite to the sum to be calculated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
October 1870.-A communication from abroad by the Société
Digncy, Frères, et Compagnie,. of 17, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris,
France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," com-
municated to me from abroad by the Société Digney, Frères, et Com-
pagnie, of 17, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
A screw tapped, cast,, or formed with an elongated screw thread is used
to communicate reciprocating. or to-and-fro travel to a nut connected
with the spring attached to the armature of the electro-magnet, whereby
the spring is caused or allowed to expand and contract, and thereby
act on the armature. Or the spring may be dispensed with and the nut

page_text: worked by the screw may act directly on the electro-magnet which is
made to slide in guide grooves when caused by the nut to advance
towards and recede from the armature. Or a pinion and rack may be
substituted for the screw and nut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING STONE AND ARTICLES COMPOSED OF BURNT CLAY, AND IN THE ENAMEL TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas West Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1870.
I, THOMAS WEST WALKER, of Sandford, near Wareham, in the County
of Dorset, Pottery Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING STONE AND ARTICLES COMPOSED
OF BURNT CLAY, AND IN THE ENAMEL TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of enamelling such stone as will
stand an elevated temperature, and articles composed of burnt clay, such,
for example, as bricks, tiles, slabs, and the like; also to a peculiar
enamel to be employed therefor, whereby articles so enamelled are
rendered not only impervious to moisture on their enamelled surface but
are capable of considerable ornamentation.
The improved enamel is composed of the following ingredients in
about the following proportions, that is to say, 2½ parts by weight of
dry China clay, 2½ parts of Paris white, 12 parts of ground feltspar or
Cornwall stone, 7 parts of ground flint, and 3 parts of white lead;

page_text: I sometimes add two parts of white arsenic or the same proportion of
antimony. These several ingredients are to be moistened with water and
well mixed and ground together so as to form what is known as a
"slop," and if any particular color is required I add one or more of
those coloring ingredients which are well known and commonly used in
the manufacture of pottery ware. The "slop" thus obtained may now be
applied to the article by dipping or otherwise, and if the article be of a
highly porous or absorbent nature a little gum, starch, dextrine, or other
thickening material should be added to the "slop" to prevent the water
in the "slop" enamel from being absorbed too quickly. This is more
especially necessary in those cases where it is desired to produce designs
in the enamel in imitation of marble, granite, or other surfaces. When
producing these varigated surfaces the requisite color or colors are to be
applied to the enamel coated surface whilst it remains in a wet or
"slop" state, so that the said color or colors will blend therewith and
form a uniform level surface. The articles thus treated are to be dried
and then fired in the ordinary or any other convenient manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL FURNITURE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Cornford Muzzall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th May 1870.
I, BENJAMIN CORNFORD MUZZALL, of Windsor, in the County of
Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCHOOL FURNITURE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a seat which can
readily be changed into a seat and desk, the said seat then being so
constructed as to lift up out of the way when required.
The top and front of the desk are in one, and rigidly joined. When
the seat is to be used as a desk and seat it presents the following
aspect: The front of the desk is hinged or jointed to the front member
standards or legs of the seat proper. The part of the seat on which the
body is seated is formed in the shape of a flap hinged or jointed on to
the back member standards or legs, which construction admits of its
being lifted or turned up out of the way to allow a person to pass.
Suitable means, such as bolts, bars, or hooks keep the desk in the raised

page_text: position. When used as a seat only the desk is turned down on or
around its hinge, whereby the front of the desk is made to rest on the
aforesaid flap, forming in its stead the part for the body to be seated on,
while the top of the desk forms the back of the seat. The front and
back standards are rigidly connected together. By placing two such
seats opposite each other with their desks level and abutting against each
other the top of the two desks will together form a table. For that
purpose also the top and front of the desk may on each side have scroll
work between each other, part of said scroll work resting against the
front standards of the seat, so as to keep the top of the desk level.
When used as a seat only the said scroll work presents the appear-
ance of and does service as ordinary scroll arms for garden chairs or
seats.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINNOWING OR DRESSING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rich Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1870.
I, GEORGE RICH TURNER, the younger, of the Woods, Charmouth,
in the County of Dorset, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINNOWING OR DRESSING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the sifting or riddling apparatus of
winnowing or dressing machines with a sieve or riddle sieves or riddles
of equal width with the blowing frame of the machine.
And in so
suspending the sieve or riddle frame and the screen or screens of such
apparatus fitted with a rod having two connecting arms so that the
frame or screen can work from side to side parallel before the wind
or blast, thereby allowing any number of sieves or riddles and screens
to be used at the same time, and facilitating the feeding of the
machine. And in so placing the sieves or riddles that the grain or

page_text: seeds may pass over them forward and backward, or if preferred forward
only, according to their position, keeping the grain or seeds before the
wind or blast sufficiently long to insure a more perfect separation with
less waste with great saving of labour.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC ALLOY FOR THE BEARINGS OR BRASSES OF SHAFTS, AXLES OF CARRIAGES, AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jones and Edward Richard
Dunn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th May 1870.
We, JAMES JONES, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Gentleman, and EDWARD RICHARD DUNN, of West Bromwich, afore.
said, Engine Driver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METALLIC ALLOY FOR THE BEARINGS OR BRASSES OF
SHAFTS, AXLES OF CARRIAGES, AND OTHER ROTATING BODIES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a new or improved metallic alloy for the
bearings or brasses of shafts, axles of carriages, and other rotating bodies,
composed as follows, namely of 56 parts by weight of spelter or zinc,
3 parts by weight of copper, and 1 part by weight of tin. We mix
and alloy the said metals by preference in the following manner:- -We
first melt the zinc in a crucible or melting pot and add thereto the
copper and tin. We keep the whole in a state of fusion for a short time
and stir it so as to thoroughly incorporate and alloy the metals. We
cast the alloy into ingots which are afterwards remelted for casting the
bearings or brasses, or the bearings or brasses may be cast direct from

page_text: the alloy immediately after it is made and without being previously
cast into ingots. Although we believe the proportions herein-before
given to be the best, yet they may be modified within certain limits
without materially affecting the quality of the alloy. Bearings or brasses
made from the alloy constituting our Invention are very durable and
less costly than bearings or brasses made from the alloy ordinarily
employed for that purpose.
AN IMPROVED POSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL MOTION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Howard and Thomas
Taylorson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd July 1870.
We, HENRY HOWARD, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Card
Master, and THOMAS TAYLORSON, of Bamber Bridge, in the same County,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED POSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL MOTION," to be as follows:-
We provide a driving shaft, which we place in any convenient position,
on which we fit a sliding clutch box driving wheel; on to the sides of
this wheel we fix a frame of one or two plates; on the side of or between
such plates we connect one, two, or more wheels geared into the above
box wheel and into each other to carry motion to one, two, or more
differential motions placed at suitable angles and distances; these motions
consist of cones of wheels; these wheels differ in size according to the
required speeds of each shaft on which they work. Motion is given to
the first shaft here mentioned, on which moves the frame of wheels
(before mentioned) geting motion from the first-named wheel, and giving
motion to the cones of wheels; a fork is fited to the clutch box on the

page_text: first mentioned wheel, which communicates with a rack and catch or
screw or other mechanical equivalent giving a longitudinal action to the
above clutch box, wheel, and frame of wheels; this rack, screw, or other
equivalent is acted upon periodicaly as required. There is likewise a rod
and lever in connection communicating with the end of frame of wheels,
which alternately moves such from one cone to the other, moving each
time from the small wheel on one cone to the next larger on the other
cone, and so on to the full extent of such cones, or vicè versa, from large
ends of cones to small ends. While the swing frame of wheels is driving
one cone the other cone moves the space of a wheel longitudinaly in
preparation for the next change, and so on with cach cone alternately.
This is in connection with the periodical change motion above mentioned.
This motion will be specialy valueable in cotton and paper machinery,
or in any machinery where a positive differential motion is necessary..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GIVING AN ALARM WHEN THE WATER IN STEAM BOILERS IS BELOW THE PROPER LEVEL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
March 1870.
I, JOHN PARKINSON, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GIVING AN ALARM WHEN THE WATER IN STEAM BOILERS
IS BELOW THE PROPER LEVEL," to be as follows:-
This improved apparatus consists of a pipe passing through the shell
of the boiler, and with the lower open end immersed in the water to
the extent required; the top of this pipe projecting above the boiler is
closed by a fusible metal plug above which a steam whistle is placed.
The pipe is provided with a tap placed below the plug. The action of
this apparatus is as follows:-When the water in the boiler is at the
proper level a column of water is forced up the pipe by the pressure of
the steam, but the escape of the water is prevented by the fusible plug,
the water under the plug being cool owing to there being no circula-
tion of water in the pipe, but as soon as the water in the boiler is below
the proper level the lower end of the pipe is uncovered and the column
of water falls out of the pipe and allows the steam to rush in, the heat

page_text: of the steam soon melts the plug and the steam in escaping sounds
the whistle to give the alarm. The plug must be made of such a
combination of metals as will melt at 212 degrees Fahrenheit, such
combination being well known.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING FURS AND PROTECTING THEM FROM THE RAVAGES OF INSECTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1870.
CHARLES COOK, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOXES FOR CONTAINING FURS AND PROTECTING THEM FROM THE RAVAGES OF
INSECTS," to be as follows:-
My improvements have for their object the rendering boxes in which
furs and such like articles are kept impervious as much as possible to
the ravages of moths and other insects, and consist in constructing
boxes of whatever shape or form of camphor or cedar wood combined
with or without an outside covering, and in constructing boxes of what-
ever form or kind with a lining or veneer on the inside of camphor and
cedar wood combined; or in some cases when desired constructing boxes
of camphor wood entirely, or with a lining or veneer of camphor wood
alone; also constructing them partly veneered and partly solid; and
the improvements may be carried into effect by constructing boxes
whether round, square, or of whatever form, either entirely of camphor
or cedar wood combined; or preferably by constructing them with a thin

page_text: lining or veneer of camphor or cedar wood combined, thus forming as
it were a light inner box of camphor and cedar wood; or a veneer of
camphor wood alone may be used. The camphor and cedar veneers may
be put on in different ways and in different proportions, but the following
will serve as an illustration.
When making cylindrical boxes such as those usually used for con-
taining muffs, the boxes may be made of pasteboard or any suitable
material having the top and bottom lined with a veneer of camphor
wood and the cylindrical sides lined with a veneer of cedar wood, or vice
verså; or the veneers may be put on in strips or in any desired way so
as to have the combination of the two; or a veneer of camphor wood may
be used alone. In the case of boxes made square or of any other form
the veneer may be put on in any desired way and in any desired
proportions.
IMPROVED PREPARATIONS OF FOOD FOR HORSES, OXEN, SHEEP, AND PIGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1870.
I, JOHN LAWSON, of Wavertree, near Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Hot Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED PREPARATIONS OF FOOD FOR HORSES, OXEN,
SHEEP, AND PIGS," to be as follows:
:-
The object of my Invention is to provide nutritious food in the form
of cakes or coherent masses for horses, oxen, sheep, and pigs. For
this purpose I employ the substances hereafter named in combination.
0
For horses and pigs I take by weight one-fourth part of ground
brewers' or distillers' grains, one-half part ground indian corn, and one-
fourth part rice meal; these I mix together, the brewers' or distillers'
grains being first dessicated or more or less freed from moisture, and
press into cakes or masses. The proportions of substances may be.
varied.
For oxen and sheep I take by weight one-third part of ground brewers'
or distillers' grains, preferably dessicated or freed from moisture, and

page_text: two-third parts of rice meal; these I mix together and press into cakes
or masses. The proportions of the substances may be varied. To either
of the above combined materials I add any desired flavoring or stomachic
seeds or extracts, such as carraway seeds or aniseed oil.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE BATH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Napier and William
Cruickshank at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th June 1870.
We, JOHN NAPLER and WILLIAM CRUICKSHANK, both of Edinburgh,
in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND
CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE BATH," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to certain improvements in the arrange-
ment and construction of portable or moveable baths, and whereby when
not in use they are made to appear ornamental or as a piece of furniture,
consists under one modification in the employment of a pedestal
provided with two brackets or hinge joints, to which the lower or foot
end of the bath is attached. The bath may be constructed of a box,
circular, or curvilinear form, the lower or foot end being by preference
completely covered, in order that when not in use the bath may contain
water. The foot or pedestal may or may not be provided with a gas
lamp or other heating apparatus in order to heat the water contained in
the bath. When not in use the bath is turned up on the bracket above

page_text: mentioned and has the appearance herein-before referred to. When in
use the portion constituting the bath proper is turned down on the
brackets or hinge joints, and caused to assume a horizontal position.
Under a second modification the bath proper is constructed with a
telescopic or sliding joint, so that its length may be regulated as desired,
and also when not in use that it may be contained in a smaller space in
a box or cabinet provided for that purpose.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FRAMES FOR PORTEMONNAIES, POCKET BOOKS, CIGAR CASES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES,
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th July 1870.--A communication from abroad by Sébastien
Jacobsohn and François Massin, both of 21, Boulevard du Prince
Eugène, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FRAMES FOR PORTEMONNAIES, POCKET BOOKS, CIGAR CASES, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES," a communication to me from abroad by Sébastien Jacobsohn
and François Massin, both of 21, Boulevard du Prince Eugène, Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
The frames of portemonnaies or purses, pocket books, and cigar cases
have hitherto been made of a rolled or a bench drawn material cut to the
desired length, as shewn Figure 1 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
and afterwards bent to the shape of frame required, as shewn Figures 2
and 3. The joint A, Figure 2, formed by the meeting of the two ends
being brazed at the same time that the hinges are soldered.

page_text: According to this Invention the frames shewn, Figures 4 and 5, are
made by stamping, the joint A of Figures 2 and 3 being entirely suppressed,
and the hinges being compressed or stamped from the material forming
the frame; grooved or double-angled frames with hinges are thus obtained
without soldering or brazing.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE WORN THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cockburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
January 1870.
I, WILLIAM COCKBURN, the elder, of Glasgow, in Scotland, Veterinary
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE WORN THEREWITH," to be
as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent the horse from slipping, and
for this purpose I construct an improved horse-shoe in such manner
that a minimum surface of metal is presented to or comes in contact
with the ground or surface over which the horse travels: The shoe may
preferably be made of steel or iron, or of steel and iron forged or rolled
and then cut and shaped.
In one arrangement I construct a shoe with a deep rim or flange or
projection having a sharp or narrow edge, which alone comes in contact
with the ground or surface on which the horse travels.
In another arrangement I construct a shoe the ground surface of
which (that is, the surface in contact with the ground) is serrated or

page_text: notched or formed with a number of recesses or hollows, the edges of
the hollows or notches being sharp, pointed, narrow, or corrugated or
roughened.
I construct an appliance to be used with horse-shoes whether
constructed as above described or otherwise. This appliance serves as a
substitute for the necessity of sharpening or roughing the shoe, and thus
prevents the horse'from slipping. Sharp or narrow edged bars or blades
fit by dovetail fitting or the like in a frame, and thus can be readily
removed or replaced. The frame is placed on the shoe or hoof and
buckled, strapped, or otherwise fastened in place.
IMPROVE- IN ORNAMENTING WOOD, LEATHER, AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURE OF FANCY BOXES, FURNITURE, PANNELLINGS, AND FOR OTHER ORNA- MENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1870.
I, ARCHIBALD BROWN, of the Town and County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
IN ORNAMENTING WOOD, LEATHER, AND OTHER MATERIALS FOR
MANUFACTURE OF FANCY BOXES, FURNITURE, PANNELLINGS, AND FOR OTHER ORNA-
MENTAL PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
MENTS
THE
This Invention, which relates to the ornamentation of door and wall
panellings, furniture, album and book boards or covers, boxes, and other
articles, consists in the employment of stained wood, leather, or other
material in combination with photography, painting, printing, and
drawing, for the purpose of producing ornamental effects or appearances
hitherto unobtained on wood or leather. The Invention is carried into
effect through sprinkling, by means of a brush or otherwise, the stain to

page_text: be employed in colouring the wood, whilst patterns of the desired order
and shape are placed upon the wood to interrupt the stain at the desired
points, and thus the pattern in the stain is produced; after which the
remainder of the ornamentation is completed by affixing or transferring
photographs, paintings or prints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUIDING THE MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTON HOLES ON BUTTON HOLE SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Collins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1870.
I, SIMON COLLINS, of 6, Somerset Street, Portman Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GUIDING THE MATERIAL FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF BUTTON HOLES ON BUTTON HOLE SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
THE
The improvement consists in an improved method of holding the
material in the particular way required to form the button hole, and
guiding the material in the way necessary. The material is held in the
position required by the means of two plates connected by hinge with
slots and grooves for traversing the necessary way, and guided by a
peculiar constructed presser foot.

page_text: The main features of novelty in this Invention consist in the mode of
traversing of the material held in the position or way required between
the plates hinged before described, and the parts of the presser foot
peculiarly constructed to enter the grooves or slots to guide the necessary
traverse.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATIC BOILER FEEDING APPARATUS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grindrod at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1870.
I, JOHN GRINDROD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN
IMPROVED AUTOMATIC BOILER FEEDING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a vessel placed above the level of the boiler
to be fed; at the top of this vessel is a valve opening inwards. Within
the vessel are two equilibrium valves which are opened and closed by a
float moving on a vertical rod. The vessel is connected to the water
reservoir and to the boiler by pipes provided with check valves. When
the boiler requires a supply of feed water the steam from the boiler is
admitted to the upper part of the vessel, thereby causing the water in
the vessel to flow into the boiler. As soon as the vessel is empty the
float closes one equilibrium valve to shut off the steam and opens the
other to allow the steam in the vessel to escape into the feed water, the
top valve then falls to allow the air in the vessel to escape as the water

page_text: flows in through the check valve. When the float arrives at the top
of the vessel it reverses the position of the valves to shut off the water
and to admit steam; these operations are repeated automatically until
the water in the boiler regains its proper level.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGH- SHARES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Parkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1870.
I, FRANK PARKES, of the Firm of A. and F. Parkes and Company,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Edge Tool, Spade, Shovel,
and other Agricultural Implement Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGH-
SHARES," to be as follows (that is to say)
My Invention consists in forming the ploughshare proper (of any
desirable shape or size according to the nature of the soil) of a blade
of steel or steel and iron combined applying the steel in the front or
cutting part, the said blade having a flange at its bottom edge either
raised by forging or rolling, and to this blade I apply a socket separately
formed either by being forged or struck in a die of ordinary wrought
iron or steel or formed by casting in (by preference) malleable iron
suitably annealed, which being rivetted or otherwise securely attached
to the blade before described forms the ploughshare.

page_text: Ploughshares thus constructed may be subjected to heavy usage
without rendering them liable to breakage, and from the employment
of superior metal in the wearing parts they are rendered more enduring
and may be sharpened or ground when desired.".
This description of ploughshares with requisite modifications may
be applied with great advantage to every ordinary plough now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLINICAL THERMOMETERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Paton Hawksley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21th March 1870.
I, THOMAS PATON HAWKSLEY, of Blenheim Street, New Bond Street,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
" to be as
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLINICAL THERMOMETERS,'
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in clinical thermo-
meters.
Heretofore in self-registering clinical thermometers it has been possible
by shaking the instrument to cause the index to enter the bulb. Now
this is a serious inconvenience, which renders the instrument entirely
useless as a self-registering maximum thermometer, and according to
my Invention I altogether obviate it by contracting the tube at any
convenient point below the lowest point of the scale, but not in imme-
diate connection with the bulb. By these means, although the mercury
may pass the contraction in the tube in either direction it is impossible
for the index to do so even by the application of considerable force.

page_text: I am aware that other descriptions of self-registering maximum
thermometers have had the tube contracted so as to prevent the return
of a column of mercury past such contraction under the ordinary changes
of temperature, but such contraction has been employed in cases where
the column of mercury rising from the bulb has been employed as the
index, and in such cases the mercury has been caused to re-enter the bulb
by shaking the instrument.
I am also aware that other descriptions of thermometers have been
employed in which a contraction has been made in the tube in close
connection with the bulb, but such contraction has only been employed
to prevent the column of mercury running down the tube by its own
weight, and in no case has a self-registering maximum clinical thermometer
been made with a contraction to prevent the possibility of the index
entering the bulb.