IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING, COMBING, AND STRAIGHTENING THE FIBRES OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of the City of
Manchester, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CARDING, COMBING, AND STRAIGHTENING THE FIBRES OF
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."-A communication from
abroad by Charles Auguste Veillon, of Grellingen, in the Republic
of Switzerland, Cotton Spinner.
Sealed the 21st August 1868, and dated the 9th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th March 1868.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING, COMBING, AND STRAIGHTENING THE FIBRES
OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," being a communication to me
from abroad by Charles Auguste Veillon, of Grellingen, in the Republic
of Switzerland, Cotton Spinner, to be as follows:-
The main principle of this Invention consists in placing round a
common centre several apparatus for carding, combing, and preparing

page_text: fibrous substances, and in operating simultaneously on the exterior
and interior sides of the said apparatus, thereby separating the short
fibres and impurities from the long fibres uninterruptedly as the work
proceeds.
This principle may be carried into operation in various ways, and
amongst others in the following manner :-
First. A feeding apparatus consisting of an endless cloth and a feed
roller to deliver the fleece of fibres to a series of rollers covered with
card teeth mounted on a revolving drum; these rollers revolve on their
own axes and deliver the longer fibres to a doffer, while the shorter fibres
and waste are removed by a brush and deposited on a card ribbon placed
within the drum.
Secondly. A pair of nippers to hold the fibres while they are operated
upon by a series of card rollers mounted on a drum. The card rollers
are stripped by a brush which deposits the fibres on the toothed roller
provided with a doffing comb.
Thirdly. A set of nippers for presenting the fibres to a series of
endless card bands passing over rollers supported in a drum mounted
on a hollow axle. The short fibres and impurities are taken off the
endless bands by stripping rollers and pass in a fleece through slots
in the hollow axle.
Fourthly. A feeding apparatus to supply the fibres to endless card
bands passing over rollers supported in a drum mounted on a hollow
axle. The fibres when carded and combed are stripped off the endless
bands and pass through slots in the hollow axle; or the fibres on
the endless bands described in the third and fourth arrangement may be
worked over again by a roller covered with card teeth placed within
the endless bands.
Fifthly. A set of nippers to supply the fibres to an endless card
band passing over a series of rollers mounted in a drum and carried
over rollers placed at right angles to the axis of the drum. The fibres
are taken off the endless band and pass in a sliver through calender
rollers.
In all cases the card teeth or other carding or combing agents
employed may be sharpened on the machines by applying a suitable
grinding apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, Her special
license that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Bernoulli
Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING, COMBING, AND
STRAIGHTENING THE FIBRES OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," being
a communication to me from abroad by Charles Auguste Veillon, of
Grellingen, in the Republic of Switzerland, Cotton Spinner, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
The main principle of this Invention consists in placing and causing
to turn around a common centre several apparatuses revolving around

page_text: their own axes for carding, combing, and preparing fibrous substances,
and in operating simultaneously on the exterior and interior sides of the
said apparatus.
This operation is effected in essentially different conditions for the
reason that whilst the general motion of the whole apparatus takes
place in the direction of the points of the teeth, card fillets, or needles,
with which are covered the outside satellite organs, this motion is
reversed on the working agents placed on the inside of the apparatus,
and consequently its direction will be against that of the teeth, card
fillets, or needles of the inside agents. Thus the teeth, card fillets, or
needles of the outside organs will fill themselves with the fibrous
substances that are presented to them, and which may again be easily
taken from them on the inside by well-known means.
In order that this Invention may be fully understood I will proceed
to describe the various Figures in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings 1
representing 5 different applications of the new principle.
Figure 1 represents a machine for opening, straightening, and
combing fibrous materials, and to produce a lap or sliver ready to be
combed or worked in any other industrial way.
A is a feeding apparatus constructed as in the ordinary cards 2
composed of an endless cloth a of a feeding roller covered with needles
and turning in a trough b, and of a fluted roller; B, driving shaft upon
which is fixed the drum C; D, rollers supported by this drum and of
which the number is determined by the length of the fibres to be
operated upon; these rollers are covered with combs, points, needles, or
card fillets, and revolve upon their own axes; E, drum, furnished with
card fillets or combs and acting as doffer; F, a doffing comb; G,
receiving rollers delivering the sliver or fleece; H, stripping apparatus
composed of a brush and a doffer or an endless card ribbon for taking
out of the machine the waste that the brush furnishes.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The drum C being set in
motion the combs, cards, or needles surrounding the rollers D draw out
some tufts of the material brought forward by the feeding apparatus A.
The tail ends of these tufts being loose, after having left the feed
apparatus, are under the influence of the centrifugal force of the whole
apparatus thrown in the teeth of the doffer E at the moment the
rollers D pass before it. The lengths of the fibres retained by the

page_text: inclined combs, cards, or needles of the rollers D are of course pro-
portionate to the spaces given between the doffer and the rollers. The
short fibres or waste brought on by the revolving motion of the rollers D
around their axes are deposited upon the brush of the stripping apparatus
fixed in the interior of the machine, and from there are carried outside.
In this manner the separation of the long filaments from the short ones
is obtained in a continuous way.
Figure 2 represents a machine suitable for combing the head of a
tuft held by pincers or by a press.
A, M, the two parts of a pair of pincers or press holding the substance
to be combed; B, driving shaft; C, drum bearing the rollers D covered
with combs or card fillets suited to the fineness of the filaments to be
operated upon; H, stripping apparatus composed of a brush and a
doffer or card ribbon with a doffing comb.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The rollers D covered with
combs or card ribbons passing one after the other the tuft or slubb to
be combed, draw out of it the impurities and the short filaments, and by
their revolving motion on their own centres discharge themselves on
the stripping apparatus H, and present after every rotation of the drum
empty combs when they come to pass again through the slubb. This
way of stripping the combing agents offers the great advantage of being
much easier in proportion to the greater speed of those agents.
Figure 3 represents a combing apparatus for long-stapled fibrous
substances.
A, press or pincers holding the slubb or tuft to be combed; B, hollow
driving shaft with slots g; C, drum bearing the rollers D; D, rollers
driven by wheels and having a retrograde motion on their centres;
E, E', rollers for tightening the endless leather straps or cloths, which
are covered with combs, cards, or needles; these rollers are driven from
the rollers D and follow their motion; F, receiving rollers fixed to the
drum C and driven from the rollers D, taking off the materials brought
on by the endless straps; g, holes or slots in the hollow driving shaft
allowing the ribbons or laps delivered by the rollers F to enter into the
hollow shaft B.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The endless straps furnished
with combs, teeth, cards, or needles mounted on the rollers D, E, E¹,
following around the axis B, run through the slubb held by the pincers A

page_text: and take off the short filaments and impurities; this waste is kept by
the endless straps, where it forms a ribbon or lap, which is brought in
contact with the rollers F, from which it is led out of the machine
through the interior of the hollow shaft B without the fibres composing
the lap or ribbon being overturned or disturbed. This machine or
combing agent is particularly fitted for combing materials not yet
opened and straightened, the waste of which requiring repeated combing
to extract the long fibres, it is particularly desirable to obtain that
waste out of the combing apparatus without entangling.
Figure 4 represents the same disposition as Figure 3, and may also be
applied as a continuous lapping machine by substituting for the press or
pincers A, a feeding apparatus A.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The materials brought forward
by the feeding apparatus A are opened, worked, and taken off by the teeth,
cards, or needles of the endless straps whereon the slubbs of fibrous
materials superpose each other and form a lap or ribbon. This lap or
ribbon is brought before the calender rollers F, is taken off by them
with or without draft, and brought out of the machine by way of the
hollow shaft in a continuous sliver. It is this continuity of work
which constitutes the advantage of this new apparatus, the lapping
machines now in use requiring to be first stopped when filled and
then retrograded to effect the discharging.
Figure 5 represents an endless strap or cloth B furnished with inclined
points, cards, or needles, and surrounding the rollers D placed around
the drum H; this strap or cloth B is brought to the interior of the drum
in the manner of a half crossed belt by means of two rollers E, E¹, and
presents its points, cards, or needles for taking off the fibrous material
at F, where a roller G placed in the axis of the drum runs with the same
speed as the rollers D and presents its teeth in the opposite direction to
the feeding rollers.
This fifth application of the new principle may be used for
combing, like in Figure 3, or for lapping, like in Figure 4. In
the first case pincers will be used at A, and in the second any appropriate
feeding apparatus.
An apparatus for grinding the teeth of the carding, combing, and
straightening agents may be applied to all the machines above described.
The red circles in Figs. 3 and 4 represent cylinders for combing again
the fibres on the endless straps.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, as communicated to me by the within-
named Charles Auguste Veillon, I declare that I claim,―
First. The improved machinery described or any modification of such
machinery, also any and all combinations of machinery, whereby the
operations of carding, combing, straightening, and preparing fibrous
substances are performed simultaneously on the exterior and interior
sides of the apparatus.
And, secondly. I claim the application of apparatus for grinding the
carding, combing, and straightening agents whilst in the machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.