An Improved Apparatus for Copying, Reducing, or Enlarging Drawings or the like.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Copying, Reducing, or Enlarging
Drawings or the like.
I, SAMUEL PRICE, of 11 Gabriels Hill, Maidstone, in the County of Kent,
Watchmaker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This my invention relates to an improved apparatus for copying, reducing or
enlarging drawings or the like and my invention consists in the combination of
parts and the details of said combinations hereinafter described and set forth.
The object of my invention is to devise a machine or apparatus for copying,
enlarging or reducing drawings, manuscripts, geometric or other designs, of a
simple and economical construction so constructed that the movement over a copy
or design affixed to or upon one portion of the apparatus shall cause a writing,
cutting or other instrument to travel over the surface of the paper or other material
upon which the copy will be reproduced to the required scale.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood, reference is made to
the accompanying drawings in which :-
Figure 1, shows a side view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with my
invention;
Figure 2, is a view from the rear of the machine; and in
Figures 3 and 4 is illustrated a modification hereinafter described.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several figures.
In the machine illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, A is the table or easel upon which
the copy or drawing to be produced is placed. B is the table or easel for support-
ing the material upon which the said reproduction is made. The said tables or
easels are secured upon the framing of the apparatus at a convenient position as
will be hereinafter described.
The apparatus itself consists of a suitable framing C which may be made of
wood, metal or other suitable material, and may be of any suitable design according
to the taste of the designer or the purpose for which the apparatus is to be used.
Between the side standards of the framing C are pivotted shafts D and E the
axes of which are parallel with each other. The said shafts D, E are provided
with a lateral arm or extension d and e respectively at right angles to the said
shafts, the extremity of which extensions are each provided with an upwardly
projecting lug or shoulder d', e' respectively. Between the shaft. D and the lug d
is mounted a rotary spindle F which is capable of turning about its longitudinal
axis. Between the shaft E and the lug e' is pivotted a corresponding spindle G
capable of rotating in a similar manner about its longitudinal axis. To the spindle F
before mentioned is fulcrumed an arm H having a hinged joint at the point hat
which it is joined to the spindle F. I is an arm connected to the spindle G by
a hinged joint at in a similar manner. Thus it will be seen that in the
apparatus illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, there are two independent shafts,
spindles having a rotary motion at right angles to the said shafts, and arms
pirotted to the said spindles each independent part having a similar motion to
the corresponding part of the machine.
In order that the motion of the arm I carrying the stylus or point a may be
transmitted to the pencil or writing instrument 6 carried by arm H, I connect the
several parts of the apparatus in the following manner-
Upon the shaft E is provided a projecting arm which is connected by means of
a cord or wire f¹ of suitable material with a similar projecting arm 9 upon the
shaft D, thus the motion of the shaft E about its longitudinal axis will cause

page_text: the rotation of the shaft D in a corresponding manner. A spring J is connected
to a projecting arm upon the shaft D the other end of said spring being
connected to a suitable point jupon the framing of the machine in any con-
venient position. The said spring effects the return motion of the shaft D when
rotated through the depression of the arm I and the consequent rotation of the
shaft E.
In a similar manner the spindle G is provided. with a projecting arm / which is
connected by means of a cord or wire which is connected with a similar arm m
connected to the spindle F. Thus the, rotary motion of the spindle G about its
longitudinal axis is transmitted through the arm wire and arm m to the
spindle F, a spring n around the spindle F being disposed to return the spindle F
after being rotated from the motion transmitted to the spindle G.
The arm I which is hinged upon the spindle G moves with the latter in its rotary
movement thus the movement of the stylus across the surface of the easel will
cause the rotation of the spindle G about its axis and through the connection
before described this rotary motion will be transmitted to the spindle F and thence
through the arm H to the writing or other instrument b. Thus it will be seen that
the motion of the stylus a over the surface of the easel A will be duplicated by the
movements of the instrument at b..
The point of connection of the arm and arm m is concentric with the shafts E, D,
respectively in order that the rotation of the shafts. shall not affect the lateral
motion of the points a, b respectively.
The several parts are proportioned to each other in the following manner-thus
the distance between the pivot or axis of the shaft D and the centre of the hinge h
at which the arın H is connected to the spindle F is either equal to or should be in
a definite proportion to the distance between the axis of the shaft E and the centre-
of the hinge at i. In like manner the length of the arm H must be equal between
the centre of the hinge and the point of contact of the instrument at b with the
distance between the centre of the hinge at i and the point of the stylus at a or bear
a definite relation thereto corresponding to the proportion existing between the
distance i, E and h, D respectively.
The distance between the axis of the shaft D and the point of connection of the
cord d with the arm g is equal to the distance between the axis of the shaft E and
the point of connection of the cord d with the arm l. The points of connection of
the cord with the arms and m are also equidistant from the axes of the
spindles F and G respectively.
It will therefore be understood that the drawing or other design to be copied
may be enlarged by increasing the distances between the several points D; h, b,
respectively in definite proportion to those between the corresponding points of the
similar parts of the apparatus, the copy being reproduced upon a scale proportional
to the differential lengths.
In like manner by reducing the distances between the centres of the reproducing
portion of the apparatus a copy can be reproduced to a smaller scale or the said
copy will be of the same size when the corresponding distances are equal, that is,
the distance between the centres of D, h and E, are equal and the distance
between and b equal to i, a.
To prevent the point of the instrument at 6 coming in contact with the surface
upon the easel B when it is desired to move over the surface without marking or
cutting thereon, I provide a lever K which is connected by a cord k passing over
pulleys with the arm H so that the depression of the lever K will raise the
arm H and break the contact of the pencil or instrument with the surface upon
which the design is being reproduced.
The materials of which the several parts are composed may be varied at will but
should preferably combine strength with lightness and the pivots should be fitted'
accurately so as to allow free movement without any vibration or shake when the
machine is required for accurate working.
In the modification illustrated in Figure 3 the arms carrying the stylus and the

page_text: instrument by which the reproduction is written or cut are mounted upon a common
shaft M which may be mounted between suitable standards N at a convenient
height. The arm G communicates its motion through the cord or wire to the
arm F, the arm I carrying the stylus being connected to the spindle G by the
hinged joint at i in a manner similar to that already described. The arm H is also
hinged to the spindle F at h. The spring n returns the spindle F to its normal
position when rotated from the spindle G.
In using this form of apparatus the drawing or copy to be reproduced is placed
upon the board or other surface A' and the paper or other surface upon which
the reproduction is to be made is secured at B'. The operator guiding the
point of the stylus over the lines of the copy with one hand uses his other hand
to steady the instrument or tool with which the reproduction is being effected.
I do not propose to confine myself to any particular application or use for the
said apparatus as hereinbefore described as the same may be modified to suit the
various purposes for which the apparatus may be adapted to be used. The instrument
at b with which the reproduction is effected may be adapted to write, etch, or cut
the surface over which it travels and may be weighted as desired, to give additional
pressure to force the instrument deeper into the surface upon which the design is
being produced.
The apparatus illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 may be readily adapted as a
window attraction or scientific toy by concealing it within the trunk of a figure
or doll. The trunk and drapery concealing the mechanism and the easel carrying
the copy to be reproduced. The spindle and arm carrying the instrument for
writing will form and be shaped to correspond with the upper and fore-arm of
The
the figure, the pen or writing instrument being held in the usual manner.
figures will thus appear to write or draw figures or other designs upon the table
or slab in front while the operator is concealed behind the figure. The figure
is shown by dotted outline in Figure 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an apparatus for copying, enlarging or reducing drawings or the like, the
combination of two shafts arranged parallel to each other two spindles at right
angles to said shafts and capable of rotation about their longitudinal axes, arms
hinged to said spindles carrying respectively a stylus and the instrument for
reproducing the copy, tables or easels for supporting the copy and reproduction
cords or other devices for connecting the respective parts together the whole
being combined arranged and operating substantially as described and illustrated
in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In an apparatus for copying enlarging or reducing drawings and the like, the
combination of a shaft capable of rotation about its longitudinal axis of two
spindles arranged at right angles to said shaft and capable of rotation about their
longitudinal axes arms hinged to said spindles carrying respectively a stylus and
the instrument for reproducing the copy, a table or board for supporting copy or
reproduction and the connecting cords by which the motion is transmitted from one
spindle to the other the whole being combined arranged and operating substantially
as described and illustrated in Figure 3 in the accompanying drawings.
Deted this 10th day of December 1892.
HORN & SON,
Applicant's Agents.