IMPROVEMENTS IN POUCHES OR ENVELOPES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Bremner, of the Town and County of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Stationer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
POUCHES OR ENVELOPES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING
OR PRODUCING THE SAME."
"
Sealed the 30th December 1856, and dated the 14th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Bremner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1856.
I, SAMUEL BREMNER, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN POUCHES OR ENVELOPES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANU-
FACTURING OR PRODUCING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved form of pouch or envelope, more
particularly designed for the reception of apothecaries' prescriptions or receipts,
but also suitable for various other purposes; and to various improved modi-
fications of machinery or apparatus to be used in the manufacture or pro-
duction of pouches or envelopes of various kinds.
In its closed state, the improved apothecaries' envelope is of the usual
elongated rectangular shape. The front of the envelope, or portion which
receives the superscription or address, is formed with folding pieces at all its

page_text: four sides. Of these folding pieces, two, one opposite the flap and the other on
one side, are very narrow, and serve merely for the attachment by gumming or
pasting of the third folding piece, which forms the back of the envelope, and
almost entirely covers it, being merely hollowed to a slight extent at the open
side, at which the prescription or other paper is to be inserted. The fourth
folding piece forms the flap, and in the present instance this piece is made of
the full or nearly full size of the envelope. It is usual to print an ornamental
design or advertisement on the front of such envelopes, and the improved form
of envelope is more particularly designed to give a desirable space for such
treatment. Thus, not only may the flap be printed upon both internally and
externally, but the back also of the envelope affords additional space for that
purpose. This form of envelope or pouch is obviously suitable for all purposes
where such increased space for ornamenting or advertising is desirable, and
also where it is wished to have the increased security and concealment for the
contents, which the extended flap is calculated to give!
The improvements in the machinery for manufacturing the pouches or
envelopes have reference, in-the-first place, to the apparatus for cutting out the
paper blanks to be afterwards folded and gummed together. The framing of
this machine consists of suitable side standards tied together by tension rods
and cross bars, and supporting a horizontal table upon which is laid the paper
to be cut.
The cutter is carried by a horizontal cross bar adjusted upon two vertical bars,
which slide in guide eyes in the cross bars of the framing, and which are con-
nected by rods or links to cranks or eccentrics on a horizontal shaft below, set in
bearings in the standard, and made to give the downward stroke to the cutter
by means of a long hand lever fast on one end of it. The cutter is formed
with a cutting edge shaped to the outline of the paper blank to be cut, and is
-fitted internally with a plate pressed outwards and downwards by springs, so as
to force out the blanks when cut. The cutter is made to rotate upon the
vertical spindle, by which it is connected to its holding bar, so that it may be
'set round to a new position after each cut, for the purpose of economising the
*paper as much as possible, by making the successive cuts dovetail into each
"other, and thus work up what might otherwise be useless blanks. The table
"is furnished with stationary guide bars, capable of adjustment in grooves to any
width of paper, and a moveable guide is arranged to work between these bars
to push the paper forward after each cut. This moveable guide is formed with
a feather or projection; which works in guidé groove in the table, and it
carries a pin pressed downwards by a spring, and which enters holes formed in

page_text: the table top to suit various sizes of pouches or envelopes as the guide is
pushed forward, the pin being of course lifted by hand at each movement.
In cutting out blanks with ornamental or other devices printed upon them,
it is. essential in making up the piles of paper to be cut, that the several
impressions should coincide in position, so that the cut inay accurately follow.
the outline through the entire pile or mass. For this purpose, the pile or mass
is first arranged upon 'a frame or board, formed' with grooves cut entirely
through it in various positions, in which grooves are fitted sockets capable of
being fixed in any desired position by pinching screw's beneath the frame or
board: Into these sockets long pins or spikes are screwed from the under side,
and the printed impressions are placed upon these pins, dots being printed at
the positions for the pins to guide the operation. The impressions are threaded
ane after the other upon the pins in this way until a pile or mass of a sufficient
depth is obtained for the cutter, and the pins are then withdrawn from below
and the pile or mass is transferred to the cutting machine.
The present improvements have reference; in the next place, to the gumming
apparatus, to which the paper blanks are removed after being cut. The blanks
are placed upon the horizontal plate of the gumming apparatus between raised
guidé-pieces which hold them accurately in position; the gummer is attached
to a vertical reciprocating bar, working in a socket in an overhanging arm, and
actuated by means of a lever connected to a treadle below. The gummer
consists of a vessel fixed to the bottom of the. reciprocating bar; this vessel
is closed at the top, with tlie exception of two tubes, one to receive: the gum
and the other to allow of the escape of air. The under side of the vessel is
formed with an opening shaped to the form of the surface to be gummed, and
over which is stretched a piece of. flannel.or other suitable permeable material..
The flannel is stretched by means of a cap shaped to the form of the vessel,
and holding the flannel between itself and the side of the vessel, the flannel
becomes soaked with the gum contained in the vessel, and on the descent of
the reciprocating bar it imparts the gum to the uppermost paper blank. The
bar then rises by the action of springs and lifts up the blank, which is removed
by the attendant, the gummer afterwards descending and acting on the succeeding.
blank. The blank is transferred from the gummer to the first folding apparatus.
In this apparatus the blank is placed over a very slight recess between raised
guiding projections, and a plate or tongue descends and forces it into the
recess. This plate is attached to a vibrating arm, which is pulled down by a
treadle or stirrup below, and rises by the action, of a spring. The descent of
the plate creases the blank along the three sides, which are to be folded over

page_text: and gummed together to form the pocket, and the attendant turns down the
folding sides in succession over the plate, which is made as thin as is convenient,
and with bevilled edges.
When the plate rises it lifts up the blank, which is drawn off it and trans-
ferred to the second folding apparatus, which is similar to the first in
arrangement and construction, except that it is contrived to crease or turn up
the flap. After the descent of the plate, the attendant presses the flap down
upon it, and on rising, the plate lifts up the pouch or envelope, which is drawn
off it and thrown into a basket at the side in a finished state.
The gumming of the flap is effected by a machine precisely similar to the
gumming apparatus already described. As double the work can be done in a
given time by the gumming and second folding machine than can be done by
the first folding machine, two first folding machines are used in combination
with a single gumming machine and a single second folding machine, and the
four machines can be worked by three attendants. The treadle movement of
the gumming machine is connected to those of both first folding machines,
and receives a stroke alternately from each, the attendant of each machine
taking a blank from it alternately. The third attendant works the second
folding machine, receiving a blank alternately from each of the first folding
machines.
The various machines herein-before described are exceedingly simple and
accurate, and certain in their action, and by means of them pouches or
envelopes can be manufactured in a very rapid and superior manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Bremner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
BRENNER, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Stationer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Bremner, Her special license that I, the said Samuel Bremner,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel

page_text: Bremner, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
POUCHES OR ENVELOPES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING OR
PRODUCING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Samuel Bremner, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Bremner, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an improved form of pouch or envelope, more
particularly designed for the reception of apothecaries' prescriptions or receipts,
but also suitable for various other purposes; and to various improved modifica-
tions of machinery or apparatus to be used in the manufacture or production
of pouches or envelopes of various kinds. In its closed state the improved
apothecaries' envelope is of the usual elongated rectangular shape. The front
of the envelope, or portion which receives the superscription or address, is
formed with folding pieces at all its four sides. Of these folding pieces, two,
one opposite the flap and the other on one side, are very narrow, and serve
merely for the attachment, by gumming or pasting of the third folding piece,
which forms the back of the envelope, and almost entirely covers it, being
merely hollowed to a slight extent at the open side, at which the prescription
or other paper is to be inserted. The fourth folding piece forms the flap, and
in the present instance this piece is made of the full or nearly full size of the
envelope.
.
It is usual to print an ornamental design or advertisement on the front
of such envelopes, and the improved form of envelope is more particularly
designed to give a desirable space for such treatment. Thus, not only may the
flap be printed upon both internally and externally, but the back also of the
envelope affords additional space for that purpose. This form of envelope or
pouch is obviously suitable for all purposes where such increased space for

page_text: :
ornamenting, or advertising is desirable, and also where it is wished to have
the increased security and concealment for the contents, which the extended
flap is calculated to give.
The improvements in the machinery for manufacturing the pouches or
envelopes have reference, in the first place,. to the apparatus for. cutting
.out the paper blanks to be afterwards folded and gummed together. The
framing of this machine consists of suitable side standards tied together by
tensión rods and cross bars, and supporting a horizontal table upon which
is laid the paper to be cut. The cutter is carried by a horizontal cross bar;
adjusted upon two vertical bars which slide in guide eyes in the cross bars of
the framing, and which are connected by rods or links to cranks or eccentrics
on a horizontal shaft below, set in bearings in the standard, and mode to give
the downward stroke to the cutter by means of a long hand lever fast on one
end of it. The cutter is formed with a cutting edge shaped to the outline of
the paper blank to be cut, and is fitted internally with a plate pressed outwards
and downwards by. springs; so as to force out the blanks when cut. The cutter
is made to rotate upon the vertical spindle, by which it is connected to its
holding bar, so that it may be set round to a new position after each cut, for
the purpose of economising the paper as much as possible, by making thẹ
successive cuts.dovetail into each other, and thus work up. what might other-
wise be useless, blanks. The table is furnished with stationary guide bars;
capable of adjustment in grooves to any width of paper, and a moveable guide
is arranged to work between these bars to push the paper forward after each
cut. This moveable guide is formed with a feather or projection, which works
in a guide groove in the table, and it carries a pin pressed downwards by ȧ
spring, and which enters holes formed in the table top. to suit various sizes of
pouches or envelopes as the guide is pushed forward, the pin being of course
lifted by hand at each movement. In cutting out blanks with ornamental or
other devices printed upon them, it is essential in making up the piles of paper
to be, cut that the several impressions should coincide in position, so that the
cut may accurately follow the outline through, the entire pile.or. mass..For
this purpose, the pile or mass is first arranged upon a frame or board formed
with grooves cut entirely through it in various positions, in which grooves: are
fitted sockets capable of being fixed in any desired position' by pinching
screws beneath the frame or board.. Into these sockets long pins or spikes
are screwed from the under side; and the printed impressions are placed upon
these pins, dots being printed at the positions for the pins to guide the opera-
tion. The impressions are threaded one after the other upon the pins in this

page_text: way until a pile or mass of a sufficient depth is obtained for the cutter, and
the pins are then withdrawn from below and the pile or mass is transferred to.
the cutting machine.
The present improvements have reference, in the next place, to the gumming.
apparatus, to which the paper blanks are removed after being cut. The blanks.
are placed upon the horizontal plate of the gumming apparatus between raised.
guide pieces, which hold them accurately in position. The gummer is attached.
to a vertical reciprocating bar, working in a socket in an overhanging arm,
and actuated by means of a lever connected to a treadle below. The gummer
.consists of a vessel fixed to the bottom of the reciprocating bar. This vessel
is closed at the top, with the exception of two tubes, one to receive the gum
and the other to allow of the escape of air. The under side of the vessel is
formed with an opening shaped to the form of the surface to be gummed, and.
over which is stretched a piece of flannel or other suitable permeable material..
The flannel is stretched by means of a cap shaped to the form of the vessel,
and holding the flannel between itself and the side of the vessel, the flannel,
becomes soaked with the gum contained in the vessel, and on the descent
of the reciprocating bar it imparts the gum to the uppermost paper blank;;
the bar then rises to the action of springs and lifts up the blank, which is
removed by the attendant, the gummer afterwards descending and acting on
the succeeding blank. The blank is transferred from the gummer to the first
folding apparatus. In this apparatus the blank is placed over a very slight
recess between raised guiding projections, and a plate or tongue descends and
forces it into, the recess. This plate is attached to a vibrating arm, which is
pulled down by a treadle or stirrup below, and rises by the action of a spring.
The descent of the plate creases the blank along the three sides which are to.
be folded over and gummed together to form the pocket, and the attendant.
turns down the folding sides in succession over the plate, which is made as.
thin as is convenient, and with bevilled edges. When the plate rises it lifts.
up. the blank, which is drawn off it and transferred to the second folding.
apparatus, which is similar to the first in arrangement and construction, except
that it is contrived to crease. or turn up the flap and press or flatten the whole.
After the descent of the plate the attendant presses the flap down upon it, and
on rising, the plate lifts up the pouch or envelope, which is drawn off it and
thrown into a basket at the side in a finished state. The gumming of the
flap is effected by a machine precisely similar to the gumming apparatus,
already described. As double the work can be done in a given time by the
gumming and second folding or finishing machine than can be done by the

page_text: first folding machine, two first folding machines are used in combination with
a single gumming machine, and a single second folding or finishing machine,
and the four machines can be worked by three attendants. The treadle move-
ment of the gumming machine is connected to those of both first folding
machines, and receives a stroke alternately from each, the attendant of each
machine taking a blank from it alternately. The third attendant works the
second folding machine, receiving a blank alternately from each of the first
folding machines. The various machines herein-before described are exceedingly
simple and accurate, and certain in their action, and by means of them
pouches, bags, or envelopes can be manufactured in a very rapid and superior
manner.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures on the explanatory
Sheet of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of shewing
certain modifications under which my improvements may be judiciously carried
out in practice.
Fig. 1 on my Sheet of Drawings is a side view or vertical elevation of a
machine for cutting pouches or envelopes as arranged according to my Inven-
tion; Fig. 2 is an end view of the machine; and Fig. 3, a plan, corresponding
Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4 is an elevation, partially in section, of the cutter, by means
of which the paper is cut or shaped to the required form; Fig. 5 is an under
side view of the cutter. Fig. 6 is an end view of a machine for folding and
gumming pouches or envelopes as arranged according to my improvements;
Fig. 7 is a front view of the machine; and Fig. 8, a plan, corresponding to
Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 9 is an elevation, and Fig. 10 a plan, of the apparatus for
gumming the sides of pouches or envelopes; Fig. 11 is a plan of the apparatus
for gumming the flaps of pouches or envelopes. Fig. 12 is a plan, and Fig. 13
an end view, of an apparatus or arrangement by means of which a pile of
printed "blanks or uncut pouches or envelopes are arranged in order to
preserve the register or coincidence of the design or printed matter on the out-
side of the pouch or envelope; Fig. 14 is a vertical section of a part of this
apparatus to show the arrangement of the details; Fig. 15 is a plan, shewing
the shape of the cut paper before it is folded to form one description of an
improved pouch or envelope. The framing of the cutting machine, Figs.
1 to 3, consists of a pair of cast-iron vertical side standards H, which are
connected together at the lower part by transverse tie bars, and at the upper
part by the cross head B. The table C of the machine is supported by longi-
tudinal flanges, which are bolted to the side standards H. The cutter D. is.

page_text: fitted over the centre of the table C, and is carried in a cross head E; which is
attached to the two vertical side rods F; these rods slide up and down in the
cross head B and through the table C. The lower ends of the side rods F are'
connected by pins to the links C, which are attached to cranks on the transverse
shaft H; this shaft works in bearings fitted in the side standards, and to one
end of it is keyed a lever handle I, by means of which the cutter D is raised
or depressed. The steel cutter D is shaped to the figure to be given to the
paper before it is folded. One modification of a suitable form is. shewn in the
under side view of the cutter, Fig. 5, which represents the cutter as it would
appear when looking down upon its edge, supposing the position of the cutter
to be reversed. The cutter D is attached by screws or other suitable means to.
the horizontal plate of the supporting piece or cutter block J, which is made so
as to rotate with the spindle K, to which it is keyed; this spindle passes.
through the boss of the cross head E, and is attached thereto by nuts or other
suitable fastening. A handle L is fitted to the cutter block J, by means of
which the cutter may be turned round. The amount of rotation is regulated by.
a pin M, which projects from the upper part of the cutter block J. When the
cutter is rotated, this pin comes in contract with one of two pins N, depending
from the under of the cross bead E. The distance of the cutting edge of
the cutter D from the table C is regulated by the nuts O, which are made to
travel up and down the external screws formed on the side rods F; when the.
hand lever I is raised, as shown in the Drawing, it rests against a pin which
projects from the upper part of the standard, and when depressed it is caught
by another pin fixed in the lower part of the framing. By depressing the
handle I the shaft H is rotated on its axis, and by means of the cranks keyed.
thereto the cutter D is brought down, and its cutting edge passes through the
pile of paper placed on the table C beneath it; in order to prevent the cutter
paper from being retained within the recess of the cutter D, it is fitted inter-
nally with the arrangement shown in Fig. 4. A plate of metal P is attached
to the pins Q, which pass through holes made in the cutter, and the horizontal
plate of the cutter block J, in which they slide up and down, but are prevented:
from falling out by means of pins passed through them above the plate of the
cutter block J. The metal plate P is pressed outwards by means of the helical
spring R, which is passed over the end of the projecting piece in the under side
of the block J. The effect of this arrangement is, that when the cutter passes
through the paper the plate P recedes within the cutter, but as the cutter is
raised the spring R presses the plate Q outwards, and thus forces out the cut
blanks. The edge of the cutter after passing through the paper comes in

page_text: contact with a plate S, Figure 3, of lead or other soft material fitted in the
table C, by which means the cutting edge is preserved from injury. The table
C is fitted with two guide bars T; which are capable of adjustment with regard
to their distance apart by means of the pinching screws U, which traverse in
the transverse slots V. The pile of paper to be cut is placed against one of
the guide bars T, which serves to guide it in a longitudinal direction across the
cutting table. The other guide bar may be brought up against the opposite
side of the paper if required. It is necessary to move the paper forward a
certain distance after each cutting operation, and this is effected. by means of
the guide W, which moves in a longitudinal direction in the slot X, and is
prevented from shaking or slipping by the pressure of a forked spring fitted to
it underneath, and indicated by the dotted lines, Figure 3. In one of the brass
plates which are let into the table C on each side of the slot ✗ three or other
suitable, number of rows of holes Y are made; these holes are placed at a
distance apart, corresponding to the distance it is necessary to move the pile of
paper at each cutting operation. The guide W has upon its upper side a
spring Z, to the free end of which is fitted a pin, which passes through one of
three holes made in the guide, and also into the holes Y in the plate beneath.
The holes in the guide W are numbered 1, 2; and 8, and correspond to the
three rows of holes Y, so that whichever of the holes the spring Z may be
placed in, the pin will fall into the holes Y of that row successively, and the
paper will be moved along a distance exactly sufficient to cut the pouch or
envelope of the required size. For example, the pin of the spring Z is shown
in the Drawing, Figure 3, as placed in the hole Number 2, and the red line a,
forming the rectangular figure on the table, indicates the outline of the paper
to be cut. Supposing the guide W to be moved backwards and the pin of
the spring Z placed in the first hole of the second row of the holes Y, the pile
of paper would then be in a position to cut the first quantity of pouches indi-
cated by the outline b; this being done, the cutter block J is turned half round
by means of the handle L, the position of the cutter is thereby reversed; the
attendant then lifts the pin of the spring Z out of the hole and moves the guide
and the paper forward until the pin falls into the succeeding hole of the row,
and the second lot of; pouches, indicated by the outline c, is cut; the cutter is
again turned round and the third quantity. cut, and so on throughout the
quantity of paper to be cut, the cutter being reversed at each operation. By
this means the paper is used up without waste, the outlines of the pouches or
envelopes dovetailing. as it were one into another.
The next operations are those of gumming and folding the cut papers to

page_text: form the pouches or envelopes, the means for effecting which are shown in
Figures 6 to 11 of my Sheet of Drawings. It is preferred to arrange the
machines or apparatus as shewn in the plan, Figure 8, in which there is one
gumming machine and three folding machines fitted upon one table. The
gumming machine is placed in the centre of the table A; it consists of a base
plate B, to which is bolted the overhanging standard C, which forms; a guide
for the moving spindle D. This spindle is caused to descend by means of the
treadles E and F, which are connected by a cord G to a link H, attached to
à lever I, which is bolted at one end. to the standard. C, and the other works
in a slot made in the square part of the spindle D. The standard C has a
pin projecting from each side of the upper part, on which is placed an india-
rubber ring J, or other suitable elastic material, which is passed under a pin
projecting from the sides of the spindle D. When the spindle D. is depressed;
by the action of either of the treadles E or F, the rings J are, distended, and
their reaction raises the spindle, when the treadle is released.. The gumming
vessel K is attached to the spindle D. by a clip and pinching screw L,,Figures
9 and 10. This form of vessel is that used for gumming the sides of pouches
or envelopes. The gum or other adhesive material is poured through the
pipe or tube M, and flows into the reservoir N, over the lower opening of
which is placed a piece of cloth, the edges of which are turned up between
the exterior of the vessel K and the interior of the cap O, which, is secured
to the vessel K by screws. Air is admitted to the interior of the reservoir
N through the tube P, and the quantity of gum to be deposited on the cut
papers is regulated by the quality or fineness of the fabric through which
it flows. To the base plate B are screwed two guides Q, by means of which
the cut papers are at once placed in the proper position for gumming. When
either of the treadles E or F are depressed, it brings the gumming vessel K.
on to the paper beneath, and the upward action of the spindle carries the
gummed paper with it, as shown in Figure 6; it is now ready for the next
operation of. folding. The gumming vessel, shown at Figure 11, is for gum-
ming the open flaps of pouches or envelopes, which are gummed ready for the
consumer's use.
This vessel is similar in construction to the one before
described, but differs in the form of the opening through which the gum flows.
The apparatus for, folding the edges of pouches or envelopes consists of a base
plate R, to the front of which is hinged the bell-crank lever S. This lever is
depressed by means of the stirrup T, ant raised by means of a forked spring
U, which presses against an antifriction roller fitted in the lower arm of the
crank lever S. To the plate R is attached the guide V, in which a slight

page_text: depression or recess is made, corresponding to the size of the finished pouch
or envelope, and to the upper end of the lever S is attached a thin metal
plate W, which fits into the recess of the guide V when the lever S is
depressed. The gummed paper is taken by the attendants from the lower
part of the vessel K and placed on the guide V, the triangular piece of
metal at the corner of which serves to indicate the proper. position of the
paper. The stirrup T is then depressed, and the pressure of the plate W
marks or creases the paper; the stirrup is then released, and the attendant
proceeds to fold the gummed edges of the paper down upon each other, and
then places the pouch or envelope on the table at X, as shewn in Figure 8.
Another attendant places the envelope, thus far completed, in the folding
machine Y, and creases down the flap, which is to be left open; this completes
the operations. The finished pouches or envelopes are thrown into a basket
at the side of the machine, the position of which is indicated in Figure 8 by
the dotted line a..
The arrangement preferred in the manufacture of these improved pouches
or envelopes is to place three persons at each table, the two first folders taking
the gummed papers from the gumming machine, which they work alternately
by means of the treadles E and F. The attendant at the folder Y, whose
work is more simple, is able to complete all the envelopes folded by the two
first folders. The folding machine Y is so slightly modified from those used
for the first folding, and herein-before described, that it is unnecessary to repeat
the description of its parts.
When designs or printed matter is printed on the outside of pouches or
envelopes, it is necessary that they should register accurately, in order that
the pouch or envelope should be folded evenly round such design or printed
announcement. Figure 12 is a plan of my improved apparatus for effecting
this. It consists of a table A, in which the longitudinal slots B and transverse
slot C are made. In each of these slots a pin D travels, which may be fixed
at any desired place by means of the pinching screws E fitted to the pin guides
F. The printed papers have also dots printed on them to guide the person in
arranging them; the pins are fixed in a suitable position to pass through the
dots of the first paper, and the others are then pressed on the pins in succession
until a sufficient pile has been obtained for the cutting machine; they are then
removed, and the operation repeated with another supply of papers.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that. I do not confine or restrict

page_text: myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without de-
viating from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of. machinery or apparatus
for the manufacture of pouches or envelopes, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of cutting paper suitable for pouches or
envelopes by means of the machinery or apparatus, as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of gumming and folding pouches or envelopes by
means of the machinery, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the system or mode of arranging papers intended for the manu-
facture of pouches or envelopes on which designs or announcements have been
printed, in order to obtain the accurate coincidence of the design or printed
matter, by means of the apparatus or mechanical arrangement, as herein-
before described.
Fifth, the system or mode of making the improved form of pouch or enve-
lope, as herein-before described in the first part of this Specification, and shown
in Figure 15 of my Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Bremner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.