Improvements in or relating to Gas Burners.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1899-Accepted, 13th May, 1899
Improvements in or relating to Gas Burners.
I, CHARLES BOULOT, Engineer, of 23, Place Bara Cureghem-Anderlecht le::
Brussels, Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:—
The present invention relates to that description of incandescent gas burners
which are used without chimneys and called economic burners, in which in order
to diminish the gas consumption and to augment the consumption of air the
burner proper or gas outlet is placed underneath a mixing chamber of relatively
large dimensions communicating freely with the air at a lower part of the device.
These burners suffer from the defect of an insufficient and irregular mixing of
the air and gas, and the flame does not yield its maximum of heat and has little
stability and further they cannot, or only with difficulty, be adjusted to the varia-
tions of gas pressure, and the blue heating flame which burns above the metallic
netting or perforated plate of the mixing chamber can be beaten back or deflected
by a slight air current at the gas outlet.
The improvements, forming the object of the present application are intended to
remedy these inconveniences. They consist essentially, 1st, in an arrangement of
two concentric tubes, forming between them an annular space and being in metallic
contact with each other, these tubes form two distinct mixing chambers with
double air supply, one of the chambers forming the mixing chamber well known in
all Bunsen burners through which the gas passes with violence and mixes with a
certain quantity of air, while in the other which surrounds the first and terminates
above the latter, the first mixture of the air and gas is still more intimately mixed
with a second air current drawn in with less force and previously heated in the
space between the two tubes.
2nd, in the arrangement of the regulating devices over the orifices through which
the air enters the second mixing chamber or outer chamber, for the purpose of
regulating the admission of the second air current in correspondence with the gas
pressure and in proportion to the quantity of air that had been drawn in directly
by the gas in the first mixing chamber: and
3rd. in the arrangement above the air passages of two concentric bells or caps
extending downwards as to pass below the various air inlets, the said bells
intercepting, or breaking the effect on the said air inlets of the outer currents
of air (such as draughts, gusts of wind etc.) and preventing in this way not only
strong flickering of the flames, but also the beating back of the flame on to the air
or gas inlets, which otherwise would result from such strong cross currents, one
of the bells preferably constituting at the same time the regulating device for
the air admission orifices of the second mixing chamber.
The accompanying drawing represents a vertical section of a gas burner for
incandescence lighting constructed according to this invention.
The burner nozzle a is surmounted by a tube b, the extended base of which is
provided with lateral air orifices e, which can be more or less closed by a well known
regulating ring g, which is provided with corresponding orifices. This arrange-

page_text: ment a beg constitutes the air inlet chamber and the gas and air mixing chamber
well known under the name of Bunsen incandescent burners.
The tube has applied to it, at the beginning of its swelling or extension, a
hemispherical bell f extending downwards so as to pass below the level of the air
orifices e. Upon this bell is supported, by its base k, a second much larger con-
centric tube closed at its upper end with a metallic casing or netting r. The
parts and fare inserted into the bottom plate as tightly as possible so as to effect
with the latter an intimate metallic contact between the two tubes b and c. The
bottom is provided with a number of air orifices ii. The tube e is also provided
on the outside of its lower part near the bottom with a series of air orifices //
covered inore or less by the cylindrical collar of a second circular bell fitted on the
tube c.
This bell is prolonged downwards so as to pass well below the level of
the air passages 7 and i, as its neck may be provided with orifices corresponding to
the orifices, so as to be able to regulate the passage of air by turning the bell
more or less, or the said bell may be without any orifices (as shown in the drawing)
in which case the bell can be moved in a vertical direction, so as to open or close
the lateral air orifices more or less. The regulating device for the orifices
may alternatively be constituted by a device independent of the bell and may,
when required, be mechanically connected with the ring y so as to obtain a
certain enlargement of the air orifices to compensate for a diminution of the
openings of the air orifices e. The tube c is also provided at its upper
part at a certain distance from the metallic netting with a cross bar for
the purpose of completing the mixing of the air and gas, and besides it is provided
with a fixing screw or any other holding device for the supporting rod of the
incandescence body.
The gas on leaving the nozzle a draws in forcibly a supply of air (currents )
through the orifices ee, with which it is mixed in the chambers b and c as in
ordinary Bunsen burners, but the rising of this mixture produces another suction
of air (and ) with less force, through the orifices and in the lower portions of
the chamber c. Owing to the metallic contact between the tubes e and 6 (the
tube e being effected by the action of the heat developed by the flame) the mixture
of air and gas rising in the chamber receives a preliminary heating in this
chamber and as the columns of air rise in the annular space between the two
tubes and they are heated from two sides so that the two currents (fresh air and
the mixture of air and gas), are previously heated before their mixing in a uniform
manner so that when they arrive at the upper portion of the tube c a very uniform
and intimate mixture is obtained.
From this a flame of great intensity is obtained which is very regular and
exhibits in the interior of the mantle none of the flickering or troubles which
characterise other incandescent burners without chimneys. When the pressure
of gas is very strong or when the pressure increases or when the
draught in the burner increases in consequence of the use of 2
chimney of greater height the air orifices e through which the air is admitted are
closed more or less, which would evidently diminish the lighting power in
proportion to the consumption, so as to maintain the heating or lighting power of
the flame within the conditions of economic consumption, this quantity of air taken
from the mixture is replaced in this burner by the adjustment of the orifices 1,
which, in consequence of a corresponding displacement of the bell, admits a larger
quantity of air at a point where the suction power is less vigorous.
The bells and f counteract draughts or gusts of wind or strong currents of air
and prevent them entering the air passages (ei and 7), which arrangement results
in quiet burning of the flame without strong flaring or flickering and it also
prevents the currents from directly interfering with the air inlet orifices, so as to
reverse the flow of air or to produce a reversion of the flow of the mixture, and
prevents the beating or flashing back of the flame to the air inlet holes or to the gas
nozzle.
The improvements described cause the flame to be regular and quiet, and of a

page_text: lighting power superior to other burners of analogous construction, and effect a
great economy in the consumption of gas, prevent the beating back of the
Hame so prejudicial to the regularity of the light and allow the burner to be used
with or without a chimney.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a gas burner the arrangement of two concentric tubes one inserted into the
other and leaving between them an annular space, while still being in metallic
contact, the two tubes forming chambers having each separate air inlets, sub-
stantially as described.
2. In a gas burner the arrangement of a large tube closed at its upper end by a
metallic netting or equivalent and at the lower part by a perforated plate, a tube
of a smaller diameter provided at its lower end with a gas inlet nozzle and lateral
air orifices being introduced into the bottom of the larger tube so as to form au
annular chamber between the two tubes, substantially as described.
3. In a gas burner the arrangement of two concentric tubes forming two
chambers cach having separate air inlets, a regulating device being arranged on
the air admission orifices of the exterior chamber so as to be able to regulate the
admission of air in proportion to the admission of air drawn in by the gas in the
inner tube, and in proportion to the variations in gas pressure or suction,
substantially as described.
4. In a gas burner the arrangement of two concentric tubes forming two
chambers each being provided at their lower parts with air admitting orifices, bells
being fitted on each of the tubes so as to extend downwards beyond the air orifices
to protect them against exterior air currents, substantially as described.
5. In a gas burner the combination with a tube, provided with a gas nozzle,
with lateral air orifices and with a regulating ring for these orifices, of a large tube
above the first mentioned tube and in metallic contact with it, in such manner as
to form an annular heating chamber with the first tube and a mixing chamber
above the first tube, air orifices being provided at the lower portions of the
second tube and a regulating device being placed above said air orifices,
substantially as described.
6. In a gas burner the combination with two concentric tubes, of two protecting
bells, each fitted on one of the tubes, one of the bells forming a regulating device
for some of the air admission orifices of the exterior tube substantially as
described.
7. In a gas burner the combination of a tube such as b, provided at its lower end
with a gas nozzle a, and with lateral orifices e, with an annular ring for said
orifices, a bell such as f fitted above the said air orifices e, the said tube passing
through the perforated bottom of a larger tube c. provided at its lower part with
lateral air orifices 7, and at the bottom with the air orifices i, a bell sliding on the
said tube e and extending downwards beyond the orifices and 7, the neck of which
bell may form a regulator for the lateral orifices 7, and a cross-bar
at the upper
portion of the large tube c, substantially as described.
8. The complete gas burner substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.