Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Burning Bricks, Earthenware, Limestone, Cement, and other Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: VOMI LEIE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns or Ovens for Burning Bricks, Earthenware,
Limestone, Cement, and other Substances.
We, ISAAO BUTTON and EDWARD PETERS, both of St. Peters, near Sydney, in the
Colony of New South Wales, and JOHN WESLEY GOODSELL, of Petersham, near
Sydney aforesaid, Brickmakers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a "continuous" Kiln for burning Bricks, Earthenware,
Limestone, Cement, and other substances; that is to say it relates to a kiln, in which
the filling, burning, cooling, drying, and discharging of certain quantities of matorials
is continuously taking place, and it has been specially devised in order that such
processes may be conducted with greater economy of fuel and of labor than heretofore;
and in the case of burning bricks, in order to prevent the fluxing in the fuel of any
materials such as ironstone, &c., contained in said bricks, to obviate the permeation
of the steam through the burnt bricks, while they are drying, and so that the bricks
may be easily discharged by being handed into carts in a similar fashion to that in
which carts are loaded in an ordinary common kiln.
These improvements consist in the peculiar combination and arrangement of a
series of separate arched compartments (preferably on either side) with a main fluo
or smoke chamber, and of the connections between such compartments and between
each such compartment and the said smoke chamber; in the novel construction of
the permanent part of the kiln, and in the novel arrangement of what may be termed
the temporary part of the kiln, and which consists of bricks when these are being
burnt; all as hereinafter inore particularly described.
The permanent parts of a kiln, constructed according to this invention, consist of
a series of arched compartments abutting upon a closed chamber (connected with a
chimney) called the "smoke chamber," and to which each compartment is connected
by flues, one from its back and one from its front, having adjustable dampers. These
compartments are built upon open arches and of sufficient width to allow, say a dray,
to back right into them. The roof of the kiln is perforated for fuel feeding holes,
which holes are provided with caps, and in the roof a steam collecting pipe for each
compartment is fixed so that its orifice may be temporarily connected with the smoko
chamber (which has like orifices) or be temporarily closed. The end compartments,
when two series of compartments are used, are thrown into one, with provision for
temporarily dividing them and they have but two connecting flues for both, while an
independent Alue joins their outermost ends.
gas
The temporary parts of such a kiln consist essentially of what we term "
generators," which are built up of green bricks under various of the fuel-feeding
holes, and preferably between the pillars of the arches. The bricks of the generators
are laid closely together to form a closed chamber open only at the top. Under the
fuel feeding holes the bricks are so arranged that the fuel shall have a free passage
to the bottom, or nearly to the bottom of the kiln. The front of each compartment,
as it is filled, is closed by a wall of green bricks, a sand filling and an iron gate.
But in order that this invention may be clearly understood, reference will now be
ad to the three sheets of drawings herewith, in which Figure 1 is a plan, partly in
ection, showing also parts of the top and of the under ground connecting flues in
ection, as we prefer to construct a kiln according to our invention. Figures 2. 3. 4
nd 5 are sections on the lines a a, bb cc, dd, respectively, in Figure 1, and we
vill now refer to the letters thereon, which, wherever they occur, refer to similar
arts.

page_text: A to A, are separate arched compartments of kiln A. A are joine end
compartments. B are arched roofs of each. B₁ pillars of same. B2 are end cross
flues with dampers B³ therein. B wings to which paper or other material may be
affixed, to temporarily divide end compartment A* into two. C is smoke chamber.
C to 1 are flues of each compartment. Cx flues of end compartment. C¹³ covers,
or dampers. (16 is pit and flue to chimney. D are fuel holes provided with caps.
E are pipes at top, provided with caps. El are orifices with caps in smoke chamber,
and E are temporary connecting pipes. The above mentioned are the permanent
parts, while the following may be considered temporary ones, namely:F" gas
generators" (shown only in compartment A' for the sake of simplicity) built up
preferably of green bricks, and doors (shown only to compartment A³) of kiln.
G sand filling; H roof,-H' inclined supports.
When the kiln is first started, of course fires must be lit at the bottom, as they
would be done in the oldest kind of kilns, and after once being started, the fuel is
supplied, in the shape of fine coal, through holes D. In "setting" articles in the
kiln, we provide that anything dropped through these holes D may fall to the
bottom, or nearly so, this we provide for by leaving a small space around a string
or line suspended through such holes, and we build the generators F, preferably of
the size shown in the drawings, under the holes D. These generators we build so
that they may have free vent at the top into the compartments, and practically no vent
elsewhere.
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We will suppose that the kiln is in action and that the burning of the bricks in
compartment A0 has just been completed, and the bricks in compartment A³ have
just been stacked; and that compartment made ready, it will be found then that the
compartment A is just empty, and that the bricks in compartment A' are ready to be
discharged, and that fierce heat is required in compartments A" and A¹² to finish the
burning of the bricks therein. Under these circumstances the covers of flues C³
to Care down closing them, and dampers (and C are up-that is-open, causing
the draught or waste heat" to pass through the bricks in compartments AA" A",
and through the green bricks in compartments A× A and A2 and warm these latter.
The fuel (small coal) at this time being fed through holes D into compartments A
and A and into the generators F therein. The temporary connections E2 are made from
pipes E in compartments A¹ and A², all the rest of pipes E, except perhaps those in A¹³
and A, being closed when the steam of the green bricks will be drawn off by the
draught in the smoke chamber C. To put the bricks in compartment A³ into the
action of the kiln, and to enable those in compartment A to be discharged, the dampers C¹³
and Care opened and C¹ closed, while the connection E is moved from compart-
ment A' to compartment A³. The opening of damper C, draws cold air through
compartiment A³, and enables the workmen and drays to enter it with safety.
Under these circumstances the bricks in compartments A1 and A2 are under full fire,
and fuel is fed into them and into their gas generators F, through holes D and D¹,
the bricks in compartments A* A' A* A8 A° A are all cooling, the air being drawn
from outside through these latter in the order named, and said air being heated by
contact with the bricks enters into and promotes the combustion in compartments A"
and A¹² While this inward draught is taking place, there is an outward one
from said compartiments A" and A" through compartments A3 A4 A× A¹ A* and A³
in the order named to the chimney through flues 02 and C³, while at the same time
the steam of the bricks in A' and A³ and in A" A* and A', or either of these latter,
is drawn off by connecting pipe E2 to smoke chamber C, being placed over holes E
in top of compartments A and A³ and A" A* and A¹, or either of the latter
respectively.
The next compartment in order (A'), being filled, is thrown into action by opening
damper C and closing damper C, C being lifted to admit air into A for cooling so
that it can be emptied, the fuel feeding is also advanced to the next compartment, that
is A and A3 are supplied. A like change is made, as each successive compartment
is filled, the kiln being kept continuously at work. The compartments A* are filled
and worked in the same manner as the other compartments, but preferably the

page_text: uraught is regulated by means of cross flue B² and damper B³, so that it will pass
gradually through all the bricks.
During the action of the kiln the gas generators F in each compartment are in
turn made white hot by the passage of the heated air from the burning bricks, and as
the fuel in the shape of small coal is dropped into them, the same action (with regard
to the making of gas) takes place in them as takes place in a gas generator or retort,
and such gas is discharged and distributed in and among the burning bricks. It may
be seen and is to be understood that these generators may be of any size, shape, or
material, and be put in any position in our improved kiln, and that they might be used
for the same purpose in any other kind of kiln. The use of these generators enables
us to produce the best faced brick (double pressed or otherwise) and prevents any
fluxing or discoloration during the burning.
We would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details
herein described and shown so long as the nature of the same be retained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
First. The combination and arrangement with a smoke flue such as that marked C
of a series of compartments such as those marked A' A² &c., built upon pillars such
as those marked B₁ or upon perforated partitions and having connecting flues such as
those marked (C &c., substantially as herein described and explained and as
illustrated in the drawings.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement with the flue C and the chambers A¹
to A or either of them, of the pipes E and the temporary connection E2, substantially
as herein described and explained and as illustrated in the drawings.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement in and with a kiln for burning bricks
&c., of chambers or gas generators closed except at the top and having feeding holes,
substantially as herein described and explained.
Fourthly. The combination and arrangement with the compartments A¹ to A" or
either of them of the "gas generators F preferably of green bricks and the top holes D¹,
substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in the drawings.
Fifthly. The combination and arrangement with a series of separate compartments
uch as those marked A' to A¹ of the end compartments or chambers A* having
ross flue B2, substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated in the
rawings.
Dated this Ninth day of December One thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine