IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND DISTILLING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Körting, of Hanover, in the German
Empire, and of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS
FOR VENTILATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND DISTILLING.”
Sealed the 2nd April 1875, and dated the 12th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Körting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1874.
I, ERNST KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND DISTILLING," to be as
follows:-

page_text: such air for ventilating, drying, expelling moisture, cooling, and dis-
tilling salt water, and other matters.
The jet apparatus has for its actuating power or motive agent either
a jet of steam or a jet of air at high pressure, or a similar agent. A
nozzle, through which the actuating jet passes, is combined with two
or more (or a series of) mixing nozzles of successively increasing
diameters, that is to say, of successively or graduated increasing
sectional areas of passage or thoroughfare, so that the actuating or
motive jet on issuing from the actuating or first nozzle shall pass
through the series of graduated mixing nozzles and increase gradually
in volume, so that each nozzle in turn produces the actuating or motive
jet for driving or drawing the air into the next succeeding nozzle, and
so on. The velocity of the original actuating or motive jet is transmitted
to the current from the last mixing.nozzle, and thence into a diverging
tube.
The number of mixing nozzles is repeated according to the dimensions
The nozzles
of the apparatus and the extent of the required vacuum.
are conical, so that the area or space between any two consecutive
nozzles 'is-largest at the air inlet.
The apparatus is applicable for ventilating mines (and expelling fire
damp), the suction portion of the apparatus being connected with the
shafts, chambers, or spaces to be ventilated; the gases or vitiated air is
thus drawn into the apparatus and expelled therefrom.
The apparatus may be applied for drying purposes or expelling moist
air or moisture from drying rooms or drying stoves. For these purposes
the heat of the actuating steam may be utilized in apparatus in which
a jet blower or air compresser is provided; the jet blast or current
issuing therefrom forms the motive jet for the ventilating or air cir-
culating apparatus, the hot current or blast from which is led through
the drying room by coiled pipes or other conduits. The fresh air which
enfers and is drawn out by the apparatus cools and absorbs the heat of
the current delivered by the air compresser to the ventilating or air
circulating apparatus, so that in effect the actuating jet consists only
of compressed cold air. Thus the steam first does its work to compress
the air, and then its heat is utilized,

page_text: When the apparatus is applied for ventilating ships it can also be
utilized for distilling salt water. The blast or current delivered by the
air compresser is led through a surface condenser to the actuating nozzle
of the ventilating apparatus. This surface condenser is placed in a
chamber which communicates at one end with the suction passage of
the ventilator, and at the other end with the interior of the ship or
structure to be ventilated. The air drawn out passes outside the surface
condenser in its way or passage, and in this manner cools the mixture
of steam and air inside, thus condensing the steam, which may be drawn
off in the form of distilled water. The air which is drawn in by the air
compresser is admitted from above deck, so that only pure air comes
into the distilled water.
This distilling apparatus may be applied to other purposes of
distilling.
When the apparatus is used for cooling hot liquids the liquid is spread
over an extended surface, and cold air is drawn over or through it. For
this purpose a vertical vessel is preferably employed; a stream of hot
liquid is discharged into the upper part in such manner that it trickles
downward or spreads over extended surfaces, so that air admitted
at the bottom part and drawn upward by the apparatus comes in contact
with as many molecules of the liquid as possible. Cold air is brought
into contact with the hot liquid and causes evaporation. Instead of air
other permanent gases may be used in like manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernst Körting in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
KÖRTING, of Hanover, in the German Empire, and of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the

page_text: thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Ernst Körting, Her special
license that I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernst Körting, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein-expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercisé, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND DIS-
TILLING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ernst
Körting, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Körting, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:
This Invention consists in the combination and arrangement of a jet
apparatus for producing a circulation of air and for applying or utilizing
such air for ventilating, drying, expelling moisture, and cooling, and
also for distilling salt water and other matters.
The jet apparatus has for its actuating power or motive agent either
a jet of steam or a jet of air at high pressure, or a similar agent. A
nozzle, through which the actuating jet passes, is combined with two
or more (or a series of) mixing nozzles of successively increasing
diameters, that is to say, of successively or graduated increasing
sectional area of passage or thoroughfare, so that the actuating or
motive jet on issuing from the actuating or first nozzle shall pass
through the series of graduated mixing nozzles and increase gradually
in volume, so that each nozzle in turn produces the actuating or motive

page_text: jet for driving or drawing the air into the next succeeding nozzle, and
so on. The velocity of the original actuating or motive jet is trans-
mitted to the current from the last mixing nozzle, and thence into the
diverging tube.
The number of mixing nozzles is repeated according to the dimensions
of the apparatus and the extent of the required vacuum. The nozzles
are conical, so that the area or space between any two consecutive
nozzles is largest at the air inlet.
The apparatus is applicable for ventilating mines (and expelling fire
damp), the, suction portion of the apparatus being connected with the
shafts, chambers, or spaces to be ventilated; the gases or vitiated air are
thus drawn into the apparatus and expelled therefrom.
The apparatus may be applied for drying purposes or expelling moist.
air or moisture from drying rooms or drying stoves. For these purposes
the heat of the actuating steam may be utilized in apparatus in which
a jet blower or air compresser is provided; the jet blast or current
issuing therefrom forms the motive jet for the ventilating or air cir-
culating apparatus, the hot current or blast from which is led through
the drying room by coiled pipes or other conduits. The fresh air which
enters and is drawn out by the apparatus cools and absorbs the heat of -
the current delivered by the air compresser to the ventilating or air
circulating apparatus, so that in effect the actuating jet consists only
of compressed cold air. Thus the steam first does its work to compress
the air, and then its heat is utilized.
When the apparatus is applied for ventilating ships it can also be
utilized for distilling salt water. The blast or current delivered by the
air compresser is led through a surface condenser to the actuating nozzle
of the ventilating apparatus. This surface condenser is placed in a
chamber which communicates at one end with the suction passage of
the ventilator, and at the other end with the interior of the ship or
structure to be ventilated. The air drawn out passes outside the surface
condenser in its way or passage, and in this manner cools the mixture
of steam and air inside, thus condensing the steam, which may be drawn
off in the form of distilled water. The air which is drawn in by the air
.

page_text: This distilling apparatus may be applied to other purposes of
distilling.
..When the apparatus is used for cooling hot liquids the liquid is spread
over an extended surface, and cold air is drawn over or through it. For
this purpose a vertical vessel is preferably employed; à stream of hot
liquid is discharged into the upper part in such manner that it trickles.
or is showered downward or spreads over extended surfaces, so that air
admitted at the bottom part and drawn upward by the apparatus
comes in contact with as many molecules of the liquid as possible.
Cold air is brought into contact with hot liquid and causes evaporation.
Instead of air other permanent gases may be used in like manner.
The accompanying Drawings exemplify in what manner the Invention
may be carried into effect.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a steam jet apparatus constructed
according to my Invention. It is a mine ventilating apparatus, but of
course it may be readily and obviously adapted for other ventilating
purposes. f is a shaft or passage lined with brickwork or wood and
communicating with the ventilating shaft through which the foul or
vitiated air is led away from the workings of the mine. This passage f
forms a casing round the suction part of the ventilating apparatus, which
consists of an actuating steam nozzle a communicating with a steam
generator by means of a pipe u. b, b¹, b³, b³, bº, 6º, are a series of mixing
nozzles in which the steam jet is mixed with the air which is drawn in
and which finds its way to the nozzles by the apertures d formed in
the main body of the apparatus. is the diverging tube. The mixing
nozzles are so shaped and arranged that each nozzle has a larger
sectional area than the immediate preceding nozzle, and the jet issuing
fröm one nozzle forms the driving jet in the immediately following
nozzle. Each nozzle is cone shaped or tapered towards its discharge
end, so that the velocity of the air drawn in by each nozzle is gradually
increased by the driving jet. The velocity of the air issuing from the
last mixing nozzle of the series is gradually reduced in the diverging
tube and converted into pressure sufficient to overcome the resistance
offered by the atmosphere to the discharge from the partial vacuum

page_text: existing in the passage f. In case no perceptible vacuum has to be
formed in the passage for in the place to be ventilated, and no back
pressure to be overcome, I do not use the diverging tube, but I cause.
the air jet to issue from the last mixing nozzle, the same blowing into-
5 a much larger chimney or flue, so as to effect communication at this
end with the room or place to be ventilated and at the other end with
the atmosphere. The jet of air or fluid rushing into the chimney will
produce a new current of air or fluid from the room or passage f into
the atmosphere and considerably increase the effect of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation showing the general arrangement
of two jet apparatuses combined for the purpose of supplying rooms
with dry and warm air, and also applicable or adaptable for producing
distilled water. At the lower part of the room or chamber D is a
passage or flue,, provided with heating tubes h, h. An air com-
pressing steam jet apparatus, mainly composed of the steam nozzle a
and one or more mixing nozzles b, in which the air is mixed with the
driving steam jet and of the diverging tube r; supplies the heating tubes h.
with compressed air heated by the steam and considerably moistened by
it as a portion of the steam becomes condensed when mixing with the
air. From the heating tubes h, where the compressed air is cooled and
the steam condensed, it proceeds to the actuating nozzle m of the jet
exhausting apparatus V, producing therein a new or fresh current of
air by means of the mixing nozzles and n³, of which the number may
be varied. This current is discharged from the diverging tuber and is
drawn out from the passage k at the top of the room or chamber D,
which supplies it equally with air through the holes o. The room D
being closed on all sides the air drawn out can only be replaced by
air passing equally out of the lower passage k² through the aper-
tures .o¹. This air entering the passage from the outside through-
the opening will cool the compressed air circulating in the pipes.
and condense the steam therein, and the condensation water will flow.
out through a pipė w. The air will become warmed, and when it enters
the room. D it will exert a drying effect. This arrangement is therefore
especially useful for drying rooms, the heat as well as the mechanical
power of the steam being utilized. When the arrangement is used for
obtaining distilled water on ships or elsewhere, the room or chamber D
and passage may be dispensed with. The passage and the pipe h:

page_text: form a surface refrigerator. The exhauster V works direct at the end
of the passage. The air entrance x may be brought into connection
with any part, chamber, or cabin of the ship or structure to be
ventilated.
F
Figure 3, sectional elevation, shows a steam jet exhausting apparatus
for cooling or evaporating liquids. This is a modification of the.
arrangement herein-before described and exemplified in reference to
Figure 1. is the steam pipe; d, air apertures. Air. enters at x
into a vessel or chamber fitted with grids or gratings r. Any material
producing large surfaces but leaving ample air passages between the
particles of such material may be used. The liquid to be cooled or
evaporated enters at i into a perforated pipe p or any other means for
distributing it over the surface of the grids or grates or material in the
vessel and trickles, slowly down, the air taking the reverse way, and
causing an intense evaporation and cooling of the liquid. If cooling
the liquid is the object then the air drawn through must be cold;. if
evaporation is desired, then the air ought to be heated as much as
possible, and a method of heating it, as described in reference to
Figure 2, may be most usefully applied. The cooled or concentrated.
liquid flows off through the pipe e.
-
Wherever in the course of this Specification I use. the term air com-
pressing apparatus I do not wish it to be implied that its use is confined
to the compressing of atmospheric air, as it may also be used as a com-
pressor of any permanent gas.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
"
First. The arrangement, combination, and method of action of steam
jet ventilators with actuating steam nozzles, two or more conical mixing
nozzles, and diverging tube or chimney, substantially as herein-before
explained and exemplified in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
-
Second. The arrangement and combination of a steam jet air or
fluid compressing apparatus with surface cooler and jet exhausting
apparatus worked by compressed air or fluid for the purpose set forth,
and substantially in the manner described and exemplified in reference
to Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: "
Third. The arrangement and combination of steam or fluid jet
apparatus with vessels for cooling or evaporating liquids, substantially
as set forth in reference to Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Körting, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
DONAT RUBEN.
E. KÖRTING. (L.s.)