IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING OVENS
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I DAVID GROVE, Sanitary Engineer of the City of Berlin Friedrich Strasse 24
in the Empire of Germany do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING OVENS and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of baking ovens in`
which the requisite quantity of heat is transmitted to the same from an air heating
chamber or space in such manner that the hot air is compelled to circulate in
(Fig. 10) or around the exterior baking compartment or compartments or tables by
means of suitable canals or passages to transmit its heat to the said baking
compartment or compartments or tables and to descend to the heating apparatus
arranged beneath the baking compartments in the air heating chamber or space
where it is again heated and continues to circulate in the manner as specified.
In this manner an equable heating of the entire baking compartment or
compartments is attained and as the fire gases from or in the heating apparatus
do not come in contact with the baking compartment proper it possible to.
continuously heat the apparatus without having to fear that the same will be too
highly heated at any one point.
The walls of the baking compartments or tables can be partially covered with
a non-conducting material, which is thickest at the part where the temperature of
the heated air is too high for baking purposes and decreases in thickness as the
heat decreases.
:
The canals in which the cooled air descends in order to return to the heating
chamber or space, can also be provided with isolating material in order to prevent
contrary currents of air, but it is evident that this covering of nonconducting
material can be omitted without departing from the tenor of my said invention..
The accompanying drawings show three modifications of the system for the
circulation of the hot air.
Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section.
Fig. 2 a vertical longitudinal section.
.
Fig 3 is a horizontal section on the line A B. C. D of the first modification

page_text: Fig. 10 is the section of a modification whereby the upper side of the baking
compartment is left open-According to this modification inclined guide surfaces f
of sheet iron or other suitable material are substituted for the canals or flues
employed in the foregoing figures.
a is the baking compartment proper beneath which an air heating chamber b is
arranged the air in which is heated by means of a heating apparatus c.with the
grate h.
The products of combustion pass from the heating apparatus downwards to the
chimney. The heated air in the air chamber b ascends through the opening o
under the baking compartment or compartments a and distributes itself in the
canals e which surround the same on the sides and top. As soon as the heated
air has communicated its heat to the baking compartment a, it passes through an
opening into the canals f and descends in the same to the air heating chamber to
be again heated.
The walls of the baking compartments a can be covered with a bad or
nonconducting material d which as shown in the accompanying figures is thickest
where the heated air possesses the highest temperature and is thinner where the
air is somewhat cooled-Fig. 1, 4 and 7.
The canals for the descending air can be protected from the radiating heat
from the heating apparatus c by means of the isolating layers g so that contrary
or whirling currents are prevented.
In the modifications shown in Fig. 4 5 and 6 the heated air passes through the
lateral openings m into the canals e and through openings k into the canals or
passages f which surround the baking compartments a.
After transmitting its warmth to the same the cooled air descends through the
openings in the roof of the air heating chamber into the canals f¹ and is
conducted back to the heating apparatus to again begin the circulation described
above.
as
The bottom of the baking compartment or compartments a is heated
aforementioned by the hot air ascending through the opening o which said air
after becoming cooled descends, as described above, in the canals f―The walls of
the baking compartments a and the canals f can be provided with a coating or
layer of non-conducting material corresponding in thickness to the heat evolved
at that part of the said walls to be protected.
Figures 7. 8. 9 represent the canals for the ascending heated air and f the canals
for the descending cooled air which has transmitted its warmth to the baking
compartments.
These canals e fare arranged alternately side by side along the walls of the
baking compartments and the circulation of the heated and cooled air carried on
as described above-the hot air ascends at o and flows through the canals e upwards,
passes at and p into the canals f, and descends in these canals to the heating
space or chamber.
In the modification shown by these figures the walls are lined or coated as
aforedescribed although as afore said this coating can be omitted without departing
from the tenor of my invention.
This construction can be applied to like good advantage for one baking
compartment or for a number of such said compartments arranged laterally to or
above each other.
It is evident that the same construction can be readily mounted on a suitable
carriage so that the said baking oven can be employed for military and other
purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
In baking ovens:-
T

page_text: compartment compartments or tables in such manner that a renewal of the heat
carrying medium, id est, air, does not take place but the same air after having
transmitted its warmth to the baking compartment or compartments and become
cooled, descends to the heating chamber or space, is again heated, ascends to the
baking compartment or compartments to which it again transmits its heat and
thus continues to circulate until the baking process is finished substantially as
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2-The combination of a heating apparatus or device c with one or more baking.
compartments a arranged laterally to or one above the other in such manner that
the air which is heated in the heating chamber or space b is compelled to carry
out or remain in continuous circulation around the baking compartment or
compartments through the systems of canals ef as represented in Fig. 1 to 9
substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3-The arrangement of an isolating coating or layer d of nonconducting material
on the walls of the baking compartment or compartments of varying thickness
according to the heat to which the various parts of the walls of the said
compartment or compartments are submitted substantially as described in the
foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings..
4 The arrangement and employment of the isolating layers on the walls of the
canals fin which the cooled air descends to the heating chamber r or space b so as
to prevent contrary currents and all disturbance of the circulation substantially as
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
5-The arrangement and employment of the hot air baking oven on a suitable
carriage so that the same can be employed as portable baking oven for military
and other purposes substantially as described in the foregoing specification and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
6-The general construction arrangement and employment of the parts of my
said baking oven for themselves and in combination with the said process
substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
7. The construction arrangement and employment of the inclined surfaces ƒ*
of sheet metal or other suitable material in place of the air conducting canals e f
substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
T
0th T
1004
Dated 9th January 1881.
Witnesses:
EDWIN A. BRYDGES.
ANTHONY STEFFEN.
DAVID GROVE.