Improvements in the Method and Means of Cooling, Heating, and Lubricating Cylinders, such as those of Gas and Steam Engines, Air Compressors, and the like, and of Equalising the Motion of the Piston therein.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 25th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method and Means of Cooling, Heating, and
Lubricating Cylinders, such as those of Gas and Steam Engines,
Air Compressors, and the like, and of Equalising the Motion of
the Piston therein.
We ALFRED RICHARD SENNETT and JAMES DURIE, both of Brentford,
Middlesex, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention consists essentially in applying the medium employed for cooling,
heating and lubricating cylinders to the internal surface thereof either separately
or in combination with the external jacket commonly employed for the purpose of
heating or cooling cylinders, and in the means of effecting this. Our invention is
applicable to the cooling of cylinders of internal combustion, explosives, hot air, or
hot fluid engines, and also of air compressors, to the heating the cylinder of steam
engines, & to the lubricating cylinders of all kinds.
The medium applied to the internal surface of the cylinder may be water or
other fluid, air or other gas, oil or other lubricant.
For the purpose of carrying out our said invention we make use of an elongated
piston or trunk, having an annular space between a portion or portions of itself and
the internal surface of the cylinder, thus, for instance, in engines having a piston
rod and gland, the piston we employ takes the form of two ordinary pistons coupled
together by means of a rod or hollow cylinder, having a smaller diameter than that
of the engine cylinder, whilst in the case of engines of the trunk type, we
employ one piston having a greater diameter than that of the trunk. By this
device we form an enclosed annular space between that portion or portions of the
piston having the smaller diameter and the internal surface of the engine cylinder.
Into this annular space we pass the medium to be employed for cooling, heating, or
lubricating, and we cause it to be put into communication with the exterior of the
cylinder by means of suitable apertures or ports which are generally situated at a
point or points either at about the middle of the piston's stroke, or at or near the
end or ends of the cylinder, or in both positions. The medium is thus brought
constantly into contact with the internal surface of the cylinder and is caused to
travel with the piston.
In cooling and beating the circulation of the medium is effected either by the
natural current due to convection and difference of temperature, or by having a
positive motion imparted to it by any suitable mechanical means. For the purpose
of equalising the motion of the piston we cause the medium if it be liquid to
increase in head, or if it be gas to become compressed and sometimes we use both
methods combined.
The energy thus stored up is utilised to equalise the motion of the piston.
out
C
amber 1900

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method and Means of Cooling, Heating, and
Lubricating Cylinders, such as those of Gas and Steam Engines,
Air Compressors, and the like, and of Equalising the Motion of
the Piston therein.
We, ALFRED RICHARD SENNETT, and JAMES DURIE, both of Brentford,
Middlesex, Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists of methods and apparatus, whereby the medium employed
for heating, cooling, or lubricating the cylinder walls, and piston or pistons, in the
cylinders of steam or gas engines or air compressors, comes in direct contact with
the surfaces to be heated, cooled, or lubricated, and is not dependent upon the
transference of heat through the metal walls of the cylinder, as in the method of
jacketing at present employed. The heating, cooling, or lubricating medium may
be also employed for equalising the motion of the piston.
Figs. 1 and 2 show in section our invention as applicable to an explosive or
internal combustion engine.
A is the combustion chamber.
B is the working cylinder. C, C, are two pistons
having packing rings of ordinary construction, and united together by trunk c.
D is the outer casing having a suitable space F between it and the cylinder B, into
which space the water or other cooling fluid is admitted by means of pipe H. I is
pipe for discharge of said fluid. Between the trunk c and walls of B is suitable
space E into which the fluid is admitted from space F through openings G, G. By
making the distance between the pistons C, C of sufficient distance corresponding
to the length of the stroke of the engine, the holes G, will always be open for the
circulating fluid to enter and leave the space E, and thus the portion of fluid
inclosed in space E will travel along with the pistons and come into contact with
the internal surface of the working cylinder B. a is opening for the admission of
the combustible mixture, b is exhaust, and e is hot tube. These are of the ordinary
construction.
Fig. 2. is a modification of Fig. 1. in which the outer casing D is discarded, and
the circulating fluid is admitted directly into the space E by pipe H.
Fig. 3 shows in sectional elevation our invention as applicable to an air
compressor in which the working cylinder B is inclosed in a casing open at the top
in which the cooling water or other fluid is held, and access to the space E is
obtained by openings G, G.
Fig. 4 is transverse section of Fig. 3, in which K shows the ports of the air
compressor.
Fig. 5 shows in section a modification of Fig. 3 in which the cylinder B is
without outer casing, and the cooling fluid is admitted directly to the space E by
pipe H. I is discharge pipe.
Fig. 6 is transverse section of Fig. 5.
for
Fig. 7 shows in section our invention as applicable to a steam engine. B is the
working cylinder. C, C, are pistons united together by trunk c. E is
space
the admission of steam, air, hot water, or other fluid by pipes H and I shown in
Fig. 8. This steam may be at a higher temperature and pressure than the working
steam in cylinder B. L is steam chest with slide valve of ordinary construction.
Fig. 8 is transverse section of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 shows in sectional elevation our invention as applicable to internal
combustion gas engines for the purpose of cooling, and lubricating the cylinder and
piston or pistons, and equalising the motion of the engine. The piston C is of the
trunk type in which d is part smaller in diameter than head; & passes through a
stuffing box M and gland N of ordinary construction. Into the space E situated

page_text: manner.
between the trunk d and cylinder wall S the cooling and lubricating medium is
admitted by pipe h which is in connection with the force pump O of ordinary
construction, and operated by an eccentric on the engine shaft in the ordinary
The space E
full of the cooling medium on the inward stroke of the
piston. On the return or outward stroke the medium will be forced into the air
vessel P and store up a part of the energy of the explosion, which energy will be
again communicated to the piston on its second inward stroke. For the purpose of
giving a head of pressure to the cooling medium we prefer to employ a pressure
valve Q, with regulating spring of ordinary description, between the air chamber P
and supply tank R.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
1st. In cylinders the employment of double pistous for the purpose of bringing
the heating, cooling, or lubricating medium into direct contact with the surface or
surfaces to be heated, cooled, or lubricated, substantially as described and shown in
Figs. 1 to 8.
2nd. In cylinders the employment of a single piston for the purpose of bringing the
heating, cooling, or lubricating medium into direct contact with the surface or
surfaces to be heated, cooled, or lubricated, substantially as described and shown in
Fig. 9.
3rd. In cylinders covered by Claim 2 the employment of air vessel P
communicating with space E for the purpose of equalising the motion of the
engine.
Dated this 24th day of September 1893.
W. H. MUNND,
Agent for Applicants.