IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC REPRODUCING RECORD TELE- GRAPHS.
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Royal Earl House, of Binghampton, in the County of
Broome, and State of New York, in the United States of America, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC REPRODUCING RECORD TELE-
GRAPHS.
"
Sealed the 7th October 1876, and dated the 13th July 1876.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Royal Earl House at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th July 1870.
ROYAL EARL HOUSE, of Binghampton, in the County of Broome, and State of
New York, in the United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC
REPRODUCING RECORD TELEGRAPHS."
In order that those conversant with the art to which my Invention particularly
relates, and for the more convenient description of the process and apparatus, I
have subdivided it into divisions, and will therefore first describe the first
division, that is to say, it is found in practical telegraphy that from various causes
messages can only be transmitted a comparatively short distance before they must
be treated as new messages and re-telegraphed to succeeding stations. Mr. George
B. Prescott, electrician, of the Western Union Telegraph Company, in an article
published in the Journal of the Telegraph, under date of April 1st, 1870, page 107,
entitled "The Telegraph in Switzerland," says, in speaking of telegraphic com-
munication in the United States, that messages, therefore, instead of being generally
transmitted 500 and 1000 miles by one manipulation, are repeated between the
greater portion of the offices upon an average of every 100 miles.
In most cases
this repetition is made by hand, and every such repetition costs as much as the
original transmission. For this reason long telegraph routes are necessarily made
up of a succession of short lines.
The automatic telegraph system in use at the present time is based upon the
transmission of messages by the Morse characters, and therefore, in sending a
message over several of these successive lines it must also be prepared anew by the
operator at the end of each line before it can be automatically transmitted.
occasions great delay, for while the actual transmission over the wire is exceedingly
This
rapid as compared with the Morse system, the time consumed by the operators
after receiving a transmitted message in preparing it over again to be automatically
transmitted is proportionally very great.
[Price 28 4d1

page_text: My Invention, in addition to the general improvement of the telegraphic art, has
for its object to overcome this difficulty and automatically transmit a message over
a succession of telegraph lines without the necessity for its repreparation at the
end of each line, so that in sending a message it shall be automatically reproduced
at the end of a line, thereby saving all the time and labor now required to
telegraph by the automatic system, and to this end my Invention consists,-
First. In a system of harmonized mechanism constituting a complete electric
telegraph, and composed of the following elements, to wit:-First, an instrument by
which the written nessages received at a station for transinission are recorded in a
fillet of paper to be used as the medium for automatically transmitting the
messages from one station to another; second, the batteries and insulated wire
constituting the line or lines; third, a sending instrument adapted in connection
with the record fillet to automatically transmit to the receiving station message
signals corresponding to the record signs of the fillet; fourth, a receiving instru-
ment adapted to receive such electric signals, and thereby automatically produce at
the receiving station an exact fac simile of the original record fillet at the sending
station; and, lastly, mechanism adapted to receive such reproduced record fillet, and
therefrom automatically produce a dispatch for delivery printed in ordinary typo-
graphic characters.
Secondly. My Invention consists in adapting different and independent telegraph
lines, and the instruments used in connection therewith, to operate in harmony with
each other, so that either an original record fillet or a reproduced record fillet of one
line can be used equally well to automatically operate any other line.
Thirdly. My Invention consists in the mode or process of automatically transmit-
ting a dispatch over a succession of telegraph lines by the following steps, to wit:-
First, producing at the sending station, by proper mechanism, independent of the
line, a record of the dispatch to be transmitted; second, automatically transmitting
message signals or impulses; third, automatically reproducing at the receiving
station of a line, by proper mechanism, a fac simile of the record at the sending
station; fourth, using by suitable mechanism at the proper receiving stations the
successively reproduced records to automatically transmit the message over each
succeeding line until the final or delivery station is reached; and fifth, using the
reproduced record at the final station, by means of proper mechanism independent
of the line, to automatically print the message in ordinary typographic characters
for delivery.
For the purpose of illustrating my improved system of telegraphing I have
shown upon Sheet 1, Fig. 1, of the accompanying Drawings a diagram of telegraph|
lines, routes and stations, which, together with the following general explanations,
will afford a comprehensive view of the whole system. In furtherance of this pur-
pose it is necessary to define a telegraph line and a telegraph route.
A telegraph line comprises the wires, batteries, and instruments of two or more
stations which have such an electrical connection with each other that an electrical
impulse given at any one station is felt at all the others, or throughout the entire
length of the connected wires. A telegraph route is composed of two or more of
such telegraph lines united together at certain stations, but having no electrical
connection with each other. The diagram shows several different telegraph lines
and routes which may be easily traced. For example, one line with its way
stations extends from Washington to Philadelphia, another from Philadelphia to
New York, another from New York to New London, another from New London to
Boston, and still another from Boston to Portland, the whole number constituting
one telegraph route.
The two end stations of a telegraph line, which in the diagram are marked A, and
which are connected by a wire B, I designate as the terminal stations, and all those
marked C intervening between the terminal stations, and through which the wires
pass directly I denominate the way offices or intermediate stations. The stations D
at which two or more lines are joined, I call the junction offices, and those station
E, at which two or more lines cross or intersect each other, I call the intersection

page_text: offices. Certain offices may be junction offices of two or more lines, and the way
offices of one or more lines, as for example, the New Haven office shown on the
diagram, which is the junction office of the Springfield and New Haven line, the
junction office of the Binghampton and New Haven line, and the way office of the
New York and New London line. An office may also be the terminal of one line
and the way office of one or more other lines, as shown on the diagram at
Baltimore, which is the terminal office of the Baltimore and Wilkesbarre line and
the way office of the Washington and Philadelphia line. Harrisburg is also the
way office of the Baltimore and Wilkesbarre line and the terminal office of the
New York and Harrisburg line. Similar offices are shown at Binghampton and
Springfield.
Other arrangement of offices may be formed upon the diagram, and will readily
suggest themselves as the occasion for their use arises. The terminal stations of
each telegraph line have the usual ground connections F, and each station of a line
is provided with a local battery G, the object of which arrangement is to augment
and reinforce the electric currents as they pass along the line by the battery at each
station.
In the accompanying Drawings,
Figure 1, Sheet 1, shows the diagram of telegraph lines and routes above referred
to, illustrating my improved system of telegraphing.
Figure 2, Sheet 2, shows a plan view of a record or message fillet.
Figure 3, Sheet 2, is a front elevation of an instrument for producing the original
record fillet, with part of the frame removed to show the interior mechanism under
the keys.
Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a top plan view of the same, with parts of the frame
broken away to show the mechanism for feeding the fillet of paper and making the
record.
Figure 5, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section of the instrument taken in the plane
of the line A, B, Figure 2, the top being cut off to the right and left, as shown by
dotted lines.
Figure 6, Sheet 3, is a vertical longitudinal section of the guide bed and its
support.
Figure 7, Sheet 3, is a sectional view of the shaft, the friction sleeve, and devices
connected therewith, by which the eccentric shaft is operated from the prime mover
of the instrument.
Figure 8, Sheet 2, is a perspective view of the message rack, and Figure 9, Sheet
2, is a detached view of the ratchets and pawls employed to operate the message
rack.
In Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, & 9, Sheets 2 & 3, similar letters are employed to
indicate corresponding parts wherever they may occur, and are particularly referred
to in the second division of my Invention.
Figure 10, Sheet 3, is an end elevation of the reproducing record telegraph
mechanism.
Figure 11, Sheet 1, is a front elevation thereof.
Figure 12, Sheet 3, a top plan view.
Figure 13, Sheet 3, a longitudinal section of the driving shaft and its attachments.
Figure 14, Sheet 3, shows a telegraph line, its ground plates and five inter-
mediate stations, one of which is provided with all the electric connections used at
each station.
Figure 15, Sheet 3, is a transverse section of the driving shaft taken through
line a, a, of Figure 13.
Figure 16, Sheet 3, is a similar section of the shaft taken in line y, y, Figure 13.
Figure 17, Sheet 3, is a side elevation of the registering wheel, showing the
calling in frame, together with the tension and setting devices for the pins of the
wheel.
Figure 18, Sheet 3, is a top plan view of the registering wheel and its devices
mounted upon the counter shaft.

page_text: Figure 19, Sheet 2, is a horizontal section of the registering
line,, Fig. 17.
Figure 20, Sheet 3, is a detached section of the registering wheel with the pins
aligned.
Figures 21 and 22, Sheet 3, are elevations respectively of the devices for 5
unlocking the calling in and throwing out frames from the pins of the registering
wheel.
Figure 23, Sheet 3, is a top plan view of the magnet, from which the main shaft
of the apparatus is driven.
Figure 24, Sheet 2, is a central vertical section of the receiving magnet.
Figure 25, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section of the counter shaft and sleeves of
the calling in and throwing out frames.
Figure 26, Sheet 2, is a section taken through the rim of the driving wheel in
the plane of the line Z, Z, Fig. 27.
Figure 27, Sheet 3, is a vertical section of the apparatus through the linc Z², Z²,
Fig. 11.
Figure 28, Sheet 2, is a transverse section through the driving magnet through
line Z, Z, Figure 23.
Figure 29, Sheet 2, is a top plan view of the reproducing magnet, with the slitting
knives and their upright arms removed.
Figure 30, Sheet 3, is a transverse vertical section of the guide bed for the repro-
ducing instrument, showing the slitting knives in elevation.
Figure 31, Sheet 2, shows the several positions of the slitting knives and embossing
rollers of the reproducing machine.
Figure 32, Sheet 3, is a top plan view of the shears for cutting the fillet of paper,
and a transverse section of the guide for directing the paper away from the repro-
ducing devices.
Figure 33, Sheet 3, is a longitudinal section of the induction coil.
Figure 34, Sheet 2, is a transverse section of a guide bed taken through the line
Z', Z', Fig. 27.
Figure 35, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section of the transmitting guide bed; Figure
36, Sheet 2, is a transverse section of the same.
Figure 37, Sheet 2, is a transverse section of the support for such bed.
Figure 38, Sheet 2, is a top plan view of the bed.
Figure 39, Sheet 2, is a transverse section of one of the lightning arresters.
Figure 40, Sheet 1, is a diagram shewing all the electric connections of the
apparatus, together with all the parts of the latter necessary for tracing the course
of the currents.
Similar letters of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts where-
over they may occur in any of the Figures, from Figure 10 to 40 inclusive, reference
being particularly had to these Figures in the description of the third division of
my Invention.
Figure 41, Sheet 1, is the side elevation of the printing instrument partly in
section; Figure 42, Sheet 2, is an end view; and Figure 43, Sheet 1, a plan of the
same.
Figure 44, Sheet 2, is a plan of the guide bed detached from the instrument.
Figure 45, Sheet 1, is a detached view of the spring shears.
Similar letters of reference are employed to indicate corresponding parts wherever
they may occur in any of the Figures, from Figure 41 to 45 inclusive, reference
being particularly had to these Figures in the description of the fourth division of
my Invention.
According to the first division of my Invention with reference to the diagram
Figure 1, I employ at each station of a teregraph line one or more recording
instruments, a transmitting instrument, a reproducing instrument, and one or more
printing instruments, all of which I will presently describe in detail in the order named
All the instruments of a line are harmonized with each other, so that the record
of one station may be automatically reproduced in fac simile at all the others; and

page_text: the instruments of all the lines constituting a route must be the same, and operate
in harmony with each other, in order that either an original record fillet or a
reproduced record fillet of one line may be used to automatically operate any
other line of the route. The junction offices of a route are provided with a set of
instruments for each line, and the different sets have no electric connection with
each other. The record fillet which constitutes the first step in the system, may
have the message signs indicated in or upon it by a variety of characters or
marks without departing from the principle which governs the working of the
process. One convenient method consists in forming the record of a narrow
ribbon or fillet of paper in which are cut two rows of slits arranged to be read
alternately from one row to the other, and indicating by their length the letters of
the alphabet and other message signs; this record fillet is illustrated by Figure 2,
Sheet 2, of the Drawings.
I arrange the letters in the order in which they most frequently occur in tele-
graphic messages, designating for the one that most frequently occurs the shortest
slit, and increasing the length of the slits as the occurrence of the letters diminishes.
The most frequently used sign in telegrams is the separatrix or space between
words; this I make about (1/2) one half inch in length.
The order in which the letters of the alphabet most frequently occur is as
follows, to wit:-e, t, i, a, o, s, r, n, h, d, 1, c, u, f, m, p, b, w, y, g, v, k, x, q, j, z.
For these I make the slits increase in length about one-sixteenth of an inch for
cach one in the above order. For example, the Separa Trix being one half
an inch long the slit for the letter e is made nine-sixteenth of an inch long, for the
letter t, ten sixteenths, and so on. The sign for finis, or the end of the message,
should be one-sixteenth of an inch longer than the sign for z, the last letter of the
alphabet. These lengths and this order are not imperative, being used here prin-
cipally to illustrate the Invention, neither is it necessary, so far as my process is
concerned, to transpose the alphabet.
I will now proceed to describe the second division of my Invention, with
reference to Figures 2 to 9 inclusive, which consists,―
First. In the record composed of a narrow ribbon or fillet of paper in which are
cut two parallel rows of slits arranged to be read alternately from one row to the
other, and indicating by their length the letters of the alphabet and other message
symbols.
It further consists in the mechanism for making such record.
It further consists in arranging a number of messages to be recorded prepa-
ratory to transmittal, in such manner that they may be successively exposed to the
view of the operator, and then moved to one side out of the way by the operation
of one of the finger keys of the recording instrument.
It further consists in the mechanism for holding the messages, and in the means
for operating such mechanism from the finger keys.
It further consists in the employment of a pair of shears adapted for operation
from one of the finger keys of the recording instrument for cutting off the recorded
messages from the fillet of paper.
It further consists in the mechanism for operating the shears from the finger keys.
A is the frame of the instrument made in any suitable form to receive the
working parts, and B is the main driving shaft arranged traversely of the frame
with its bearings in the bars G, H; I, Z, are cams secured to the inner end of the
main shaft with their shoulders upon opposite sides thereof, and O is a rock shaft
having its bearings in the sides of the frame near the rear end; O¹ is a sleeve
mounted loosely upon this shaft and provided with a slotted arm N which is con-
nected by a rod M to the outer cam of the main shaft. Instead of making this
connection directly with the cam it may, if found desirable, be formed by a crank
arm on the end of the main shaft. The rock shaft O is further provided with a
central fixed collar, carrying arms T, V, at an angle to each other; the arm T is
forned with a lateral lug carrying a set screw U to bear against a corresponding
lug upon the arm N, while the arm V is connected with a vertical rack bar f" by

page_text: the pivoted rod i, as shown in Fig. 5. S, S, are upright arms firmly secured
to the ends of the rock shaft, and jointed at their upper ends to the arms all, of a
transverse stop bar el, whose ends lie within longitudinal grooves formed in the
side pieces of the case near the upper edges; W is a spring coiled about the rock
shaft, with one end secured to one of the arms S, and the opposite end to a collar
upon the sleeve O₁; the collar is adapted for adjustment upon the sleeve by a set
screw y, or other suitable means to regulate the tension of the spring.
From the foregoing description it is evident that when the power is applied
to rotate the main shaft the stop bar will be moved back and forth within the
grooves of the case and that the rack bar f" will be reciprocated vertically. The
extent of this reciprocation is regulated by adjusting the end of the connecting rod M
within the slot of the arm Ñ, while the path of reciprocation is changed by
adjusting the set screw u to regulate the distance between the arms T, N. The
tension of the spring is sufficiently strong to oscillate the rock shaft and carry
forward the stop bar when the main shaft is rotated; but if the forward move-
ment of the bar should be arrested before reaching its maximum throw, the
tension of the spring will be overcome, so that the main shaft shall complete its
rotation, E is a sleeve mounted upon the main shaft provided with a fly wheel
D, and a grooved pulley C, to receive the driving belt of the instrument.
Inasmuch as the power applied to the sleeve must drive it continuously, and
inasmuch as it is absolutely necessary that the main shaft shall rotate intermittingly,
the sleeve is adapted to grasp and rotate the shaft by friction.
For this purpose
one half of the sleeve is held to the other half by set screws and springs e12 which
may be adjusted to regulate the degree of friction, and therefore the force with
which the sleeve shall hold to the shaft. The sleeve is lined with leather or other
pliable material, for the purpose of equalizing the friction and preventing unequal
wear. The force of the sleeve must be sufficiently great to overcome the tension of
the coiled spring when the stop bar is arrested in its forward movement, and at the
same time slight enough to allow the sleeve to turn continuously when the shaft
ceases to move. Some connection of this kind is required for the successful
operation of the instrument, since the intermittent rotation of the main shaft must
be repeated many times in a second.
The key board of the instrument is composed of three banks of keys divided
into two sections for the right and left hand of the operator, so that each bank of a
section shall number five keys. The section dividing board, together with the
end boards and front boards a¹11 of the case, form guides for the fingers of the
operator, so that he can look up to read a message while manipulating the keys.
The boards and s determine the stretch of the thumb and little finger, and so
regulate the position of the intermediate fingers over the keys, while guiding the
hands in their backward and forward movements. The front board a prevents the
hands from going too far forward over the keys, and therefore forms a front guide
at the upper bank. The keys are each pivoted upon a central pin 61111 affixed to a
suitable cross bar A7; their inner ends extends beneath the cross bar c¹¹, and are
properly weighted so as to rest, when not in operation, upon a rear cross bar d
as shown in Figure 5. As the signs which represent the letters of the alphabet
and other message symbols are formed by slits of different lengths in the fillet of
paper, and since the slitting instruments are operated by the rack bar in a manner
to be presently described, it follows, in this example of my Invention, that the
throw of the rack bar must be varied in proportion to the length of slits required.
This is accomplished by suitable stops upon the upper edges of the keys to arrest
the stop bar at graduated distances in its forward movements.
The result may be
attained in a variety of ways; but in this instance I have shown the keys formed
with shoulders upon their upper edges at varying distances from their inner
ends, such distances increasing from right to left of the key board presenting the
diagonal line shown in Figure 4. Since certain letters occur more frequently than
others in telegraphic messages, which necessitates their representation by short slits
in the fillet of paper, I have transposed the alphabet, and placed the letters in such

page_text: order upon the shoulders of the keys that the stop bar will move the shortest
distance for the most frequently occurring letter, the length of its strokes being
gradually increased in proportion to the decrease in the occurrence of the letters
used by this means the recording mechanism may, through the medium of the stop
and rack bars, be operated with great rapidity within a given time.
The letters of designation are duplicated in the same order as the finger ends of
the keys, as shown in Fig. 4. is a lever hung upon a cross shaft 1 of the
case beneath the bar A, and forked at its inner end to embrace the cams I, Z, on the
main shaft, one arm of the fork bearing against the shoulder 61 of the cam I
and the other arm m, at the proper time, bearing against the periphery of the
cam Z. The forked end of the lever should be sufficiently heavy to hold the
arm in contact with the shoulder 111, and to return it rapidly against such
shoulder after having been lifted. K is a cross bar arranged under and against
the forward portion of the keys, and connected to the ends and centre of the
shaft by arms and the short arm of the forked lever.
As above described, the power is applied to drive the friction sleeve and fly wheel
of the instrument continuously, but the rest of the mechanism is motionless until
the operator presses a key down upon the cross bar K This movement lifts the
inner end of the detent lever and releases the cam I, so that the friction sleeve
shall revolve the main shaft, and through the intermediate devices throw forward
the stop bar until it is arrested by the shoulder of the depressed key. The rack
bar by this operation is carried down in proportion to the distance traveled by the
stop bar, starting always from the same point; that is to say,fit always starts down-
ward from the same point but descends differentially, in proportion to the throw
of the stop bar.
11111
These various parts constitute the mechanisme for operating the recording devices,
which I will now proceed to describe, in connection with their method of operation.
M is a horizontal bed for guiding the fillet of paper upon which the message is
recorded, and n is a sleeve secured to its under side, so as to fit upon an upright
spindle affixed to the frame in rear of the key board. The guide bed is arranged
transversely of the case, and may be pivoted to the top of the spindle by a screw
pin 65, as shown in Fig. 6. A¹, A', are uprights of the frame placed in line with the
guide bed to receive the feeding mechanism by which the fillet of paper is drawn
through the instrument. p is a spring connecting an arin oll of the sleeve n
with an adjusting pin q₁ at the Ease of the outer upright, for the purpose of
holding the guide bed in position with a yielding connection. 7 is a stop attached
to the case within the path of the arm ol, and adapted for adjustment to regulate
the lateral swing of the guide bed. By this method of mounting and connecting
the guide bed it is automatically adjusted with delicacy and precision, to compensate
for any irregularities in the running of the paper and to insure accuracy in the
presentation of the recording blades and feeding cylinder. O is an arm projecting
to the rear of the guide bed sleeve n11, and provided with a lateral pin 11 upon which
the paper reel q is hung. q is the paper wound upon the reel beside a flange or
rim p formed upon the latter, and thence passing upward, on its way to the guide
bed, through a guide loop v formed upon the upper end of a lever ; the inner
end of the paper is secured to the reel in any convenient manner to prevent it from
slipping. The lever carries a friction brake S, and, is hung to the side of the
arm O, so that under the force of a spring wit shall press the guide loop away
from the bed and the brake down upon the flange of the reel. When the instrument
is in operation the feeding devices pull the paper over the feed bed with slight but
rapid jerks, which carry the guide loop toward the guide bed and lift the
friction brake from the reel, so that the latter may turn and release the paper.
When the paper ceases to move the spring throws out the upper end of the lever t¹¹¹,
unwinding the paper from the reel until the friction brake comes down against the
flange thereof and arrests its further rotation.
To increase the quantity of paper pulled off the recl, in proportion to the increase
in the length of the message slits, it is passed over an intermediate guide 111 affixed

page_text: to the end of the end of the guide bed before passing over the guide vl. After leav-
ing the reel guides the paper rests upon the bottom of the guide bed, and is held
against the adjustable outer or gauge side S11 thereof by means of shoulders formed
upon arms wand all, which are connected by a longitudinal bar y¹ and slide within
deep transverse grooves in the bottom of the bed, as shown in Fig. 4. The shoulders
are held against the fillet of paper, so that they shall conform to its varying widths,
by one or more springs c¹ll arranged to bear against the outer side of the bar y".
The pressure of the springs is adjusted by set screws e¹¹ passing through the
inner side rail of the bed, or otherwise arranged in any convenient manner.
A pin m fixed to the bottom of the guide bed limits the advance of the yielding
shoulders when the fillet of paper has passed out of the machine. t is a cover or
pressure bar hinged to the outer edge of the guide bed so as to hold down the fillet
of paper, the amount of pressure or friction being regulated by the set screw 2,
Fig. 3, upon which the free edge of the cover rests. The cover may be weighted or
held down by a spring if preferred, but its own weight will in most cases probably
be found sufficient for all purposes; its outer edge is formed with suitable recesses
or spaces j, 7.11, and 11, to prevent the outer edge of the paper from folding up as
it passes over the guide bed and along the guides 811; 11 is a handle affixed to the
cover for opening or closing it in applying or removing the paper. The ends of the
transverse guide arms w¹¹, 11, extend through the gauge side S1 of the bed in line
with the hinges of the cover, so that when the latter is thrown open for the
insertion of a fillet of paper the upper leaves of the hinges shall bear against the
ends of the arms and force back the guide blocks; the opening of the cover
therefore prepares the bed for the application of the paper. 12 are slotted guide
blocks attached to the inner end of the guide bed, so that their upper surfaces shall
be flush with the top of the bed; they are each formed with a slotted arm ³
extending under the bed, for the passage of holding screws by which the blocks are
independently adjusted with respect to the bed and its gauge side, to regulate the
distance apart of the slitting blades and the position of the slits in relation to the
edges of the paper. Instead of making the blocks in separate pieces and attaching
them to the bed, they may be made directly upon the latter, if preferred. f3 are
corresponding slotted guide blocks attached to the cover of the guide bed by set
screws m³, so that their slots shall register with those in the blocks ². Each of
the blocks f carries an embossing roller or style within its slot to bear down,
under the weight of the cover, upon the fillet of paper in its passage over the bed,
and by pressing it into the grooves of the lower blocks to form two parallel tracks
or creases.
The edges of the grooves in the lower blocks may be bevelled or cut out in any
manner to render the tracks in the paper distinct, or to give them any peculiarity
or characteristic in design. The creases are intended to receive the track hand of
the transmitting instrument while certain electric changes are effected, which will
be herein-after described, as a subsequent step in my process. Set screws n³
passing through the blocks f³ serve to adjust the pressure of the styles upon the
fillet of paper; 13, 13, are recesses in the under side of the blocks f³ to receive a strip
of leather, rubber, or other soft material, for the purpose of forming yielding anvils
for the points of the slitting blades, which anvils are adjusted by set screws m³, as
shown in Fig. 6; 1111 is a horizontal shaft, having its bearings in parallel arms v³
projecting from the guide bed sleeves toward the uprights A¹. It carries a
pinion and two vertical eccentric bars n³, the upper ends of which latter pass
upward through the slots of the blocks 7, being guided by the slots and pins S²,
as shown in Fig. 6; N³ are pointed reversible knives attached to the front of the
eccentric bars by the slotted bosses cand set screw d³, so that the point of each
shall enter into the grooves in the guide blocks 2; and 611 are radial pins
or detents affixed to the shaft of the eccentric bars to engage with teeth c², d²,
upon the arms of a forked lever and form an escapement. The lever h² is
mounted upon a shaft 11 in rear of the eccentric shaft, and its lower arm g³
extends forward within the path of a pin m² on the side of the rack bar, while its

page_text: rear end is connected by a spring to an adjusting pin on the guide bed; ² is
a stop attached to the sleeve of the guide bed to limit the upward throw of the
lever under the tension of its spring; n¹¹¹¹ is a gear wheel securod to a shaft on,
which is mounted in suitable bearings of the case, so that the gear wheel shall
engage with the pinion wl on the eccentric shaft; 1111 is a drum fastened to a
long tubular bearing on the shaft o¹ and containing a coiled spring 77, one end
of which is secured to the gear wheel and the other end to the interior of the
drum; is a friction sleeve mounted upon the tubular bearing and constructed
and applied thereto in the same inanner as the sleeve of the main driving shaft.
The outer end of the sleeve carries a grooved pulley 1 which is driven by a
suitable arrangement of belts from the prime mover of the instrument, to rotate.
the gear wheel intermittingly in a manner similar to that in which the main
driving shaft is rotated by its sleeve as already described.
When the instrument is operated as herein-before described, the fillet of paper
is drawn over the guide bed by suitable mechanism operated by the rack bar from
the keys of the instrument. The bar is arranged in suitable guides of the case,
and when a key is depressed it commences to descend. This movement releases
the arm of the escapment lever from the pin m² on the bar, and permits the
spring to draw up the arm h³ and disengage the tooth d from the detent
The shaft is thus released so that it may make half a revolution, or rather, so
that it may revolve until the same detent 611 is arrested by the tooth c² on the
upper arm of the lever. When the rack bar again moves up it lifts the arın g² of
the escapement lever, throwing the lower tooth d upward to catch the lower detent
and clearing the upper tooth c from the upper detent, so that the eccentric shaft
may be again moved when the rack bar makes its next descent.
One complete
vibration of the forked lever, therefore, alternately clears a detent from one tooth
and allows the shaft to make a half revolution. The detent or eccentric shaft is
driven from the shaft o through the medium of the gearing nl, w, and as
the rack bar descends throws up one of the bars so that the point of its knife shall
enter the fillet of paper and there remain until a slit is cut equal in length to the
distance the paper moves. The length of the slit indicates a particular letter or
symbol of a message, and such length is controlled by the forward throw of the
stop bar and the consequent descent of the rack bar, as previously explained. The
greater the throw of the stop bar the lower the rack bar will descend, and the
lower this bar descends the longer the blade will remain in the paper, and therefore
the longer will be the slit cut therein. The eccentric bars are so arranged that the
two blades are alternately thrown up to puncture the paper in parallel lines, thus
making a record which must be read from one line to the other alternately.
The feeding devices are constructed and operate as follows:-j is a horizontal
shaft having its bearings in the uprights A; K is a cylinder mounted upon the
shaft in line with the recording devices and provided with several rows of sharp
teeth, which take hold of and feed the paper when the cylinder is rotated. It is
also formed with peripheral grooves in line with the grooves of the guide blocks 2,
to receive the embossed creases in the fillet of paper and prevent them from being.
flattened out or otherwise injured; L is a pressure roller mounted upon an arm fi
pivoted to one of the uprights A¹, so as to place the roller in front of the cylinder.
The pressure roller, under the force of an adjustable spring h", holds the fillet of
paper against the teeth of the cylinder so as to insure the proper feed. The surface
of the roller should be made of or provided with leather, or some suitable yielding
substance, to receive the impress of the cylinder teeth and prevent the paper from
slipping o' and p¹ are ratchet wheels mounted upon the shaft j, with their teeth
pointing in opposite directions; j₁ is a small gear wheel mounted loosely upon the
shaft j between the ratchet wheels, so as to engage with the teeth of the rack bar.
When in the operation of the instrument the rack bar is moved upward, a spring
pawl m pivoted to an arm of the gear wheel engages with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel o', and moves it forward together with the feed cylinder and ratchet
wheel p. A spring pawl v pivoted to one of the uprights engages the ratchet

page_text: wheel o to prevent any backward movement of the feed cylinder when the pawl m
ceases to act.
is an angular lever pivoted at its angle to one of the uprights immediately
under the wheel pl, and having teeth formed upon its upper arm which, when the
rack bar is thrown up, engages with the teeth of the wheel pl, and locks it against
further movement. This locking mechanism, which is thrown into operation at tho
termination of each upward movement of the rack bar, prevents the feed cylinder
from being carried too far by its momentum after the rapid throw of the pawl m.
The angular or locking lever is operated by an adjustable stop w¹ on the side of the
rack bar, which strikes against the free end of a spring lying along the under
side of the upper lever arm, as shown in Fig. 3. The spring ensures the action of
the locking lever, and is limited in its downward movement by a stop y¹ formed at
the angle of the lever. A recess in the edge of the rack bar receives the lower
end of the locking lever to permit its necessary movements in locking and unlocking
the feed cylinder. It will thus be observed that the movements of the rack bar
govern the movements of the paper, and therefore the length of the slits therein,
while the movements of the rack bar are governed by the operation of the keys, as
berein-before described.
There is an equal number of teeth on the ratchet wheels o¹, 21, but the number of
each must be greater than the number of characters to be made for the following
reasons Assuming that there are 28 keys to the instrument, that the separatrix
must be 10 or 1/2 of an inch in length, and that the letters or characters following
increase the slits in the paper 1/16 of an inch each, then there must be 36 teeth in
the ratchet wheel 1/1 of an inch apart, because the moving pawl, starting always
from the same point, must as the rack bar descends ride back upon the ratchet
wheel to engage the 8th tooth, and when the rack bar ascends move forward the
wheel until the pawl again reaches the point from which it started. Now to make
the next letter, say, E, the pawl travels back to the 9th tooth; to make T it moves
back to the 10th; and to form the longest character, or the one least used, it must
travel back 30 teeth. This latter movement however will require a complete
circuit of the ratchet wheel by the moving pawl, which could not well be done
without interfering with the locking pawl. I therefore add a few teeth to the
ratchet wheel to engage the locking pawl between the point from which the moving
pawl starts and the point reached by its longest throw.
It may be here observed that though the ratchet wheel and cylinder might
operate if both were made of the same diameter, yet a practical difficulty intervenes,
because the best size for the cylinder is such that the teeth of the wheel would be
too fine to insure the action of the driving pawl in its rapid movements. It there-
fore becomes necessary to make the ratchet wheel greater in diameter than the
cylinder.
The shoulders upon the keys of the instrument govern the movement of the rack
bar, and must therefore be arranged in proper relation to each other and to the
teeth of the ratchet wheel. The distance traversed by the stop bar in moving down
the rack bar to form the separatrix represents the distance traversed by the moving
pawl upon the ratchet wheel, which, as above stated, is the distance of 8 teeth. To
make the next character the stop bar travels along the adjoining key the same
distance and more, its throws increasing in this proportion through the whole
number of keys. Therefore the shoulders of the keys are separated from each other
1/8 of the distance the stop bar travels to reach the shoulder of the first or separatrix
key.
I have only used the proportions and distances above named to illustrate the
principle of operation, as it is evident that they, as well as the mechanism, may be
varied indefinitely. By this means the feed cylinder and keys operate in unison to
regulate the feed of the paper, and therefore the length of the slits which form the
record thereon. is a curved guide secured to the uprights beneath the feed
cylinder for the purpose of guiding the paper out of the instrument.
Where large
numbers of messages are to be sent much time is consumed by the operator in

page_text: placing them in position to be read and recorded. To avoid this unnecessary delay
I propose to mount the messages in a rack connected through suitable mechanism
with an operating key, by whose movements the messages are successively exposed
to view, and then moved to one side out of the way.
Referring to Figure 8, Sheet of the Drawing, a is an inclined table supported
upon the case of the instrument over the keys, and provided at its upper and lower
edges with grooves to receive the parallel bars a, b. These bars slide freely within
their grooves, and are connected together at their rear ends by a strip of wood or
metal b, which is adapted for ready removal when necessary. The bar b is formed
with a rack along its under side to engage with a pinion 3 mounted upon a short
shaft . This shaft also carries the reversed ratchet wheels b and c, and has its
bearings in an upright cl of the case A, and in the end of a hand lever b" pivoted
to the lower edge of the table. The pivotal point of the lever is removed a short
distance from the shaft 7, and the inner end of the latter fits loosely within its
bearings e¹, so that when the outer end of the lever is raised or lowered the shaft
may be moved to engage or disengage the pinion and rack bar.
One of the keys in the keyboard of the instrument, preferably the left hand one
in the middle tier, is formed with a bent arm extending upward in rear of the
fulcrum pin e, which arm carries a fixed pawl c and a spring pawl c³ to engage
the reversed ratchet wheels and 6 respectively. a, a, represent a series of spring
fingers secured one behind the other to pins a projecting from the upper edge of
the sliding bar a in the plane of the table. These fingers are folded over upon
cach other, as shown in Fig. 8, and the upper edges of the messages are inserted
between the springs, the main portions lying upon the table. The messages there-
fore rest upon each other like the leaves of a book, the upper one only being exposed
to view so as to be read.
When it is desired to move a message out of the operator's view, in order to
expose the message next behind it, the key is depressed so that its inner end shall
lift the spring pawl and rotate the ratchet wheels one tooth. This novement of
course rotates the shaft and its pinion, and moves the rack bar b, together with the
bar a', towards the left of the instrument until a point a on the lower end of a
spring finger is brought in contact with a lug as projecting from the upper edge of
the table to turn the finger over, as shown in Figure 8. The message held by this
finger is therefore turned over, and exposes to view the message held by the finger
next behind it. As the message is turned the fixed pawl c engages the other
ratchet wheel, and locks the series of fingers against further movement until the
key is again depressed. When the message has been turned over, and the key
released, the weight of the latter restores it to its normal position ready for the
next movement. The ratchet teeth should be made of such size that when the
spring pawl noves the ratchet wheels one tooth the bar a will be carried to the
left the distance between two pius a³, the latter being arranged at equal distances
apart.
The bar a is designed to hold from 25 to 30 messages, and when all have been
recorded the outer end of the hand lever b is raised, the strip 615 disconnected from
the bar a, and the latter removed for the insertion of another carrying a fresh lot
of messages.
For the purpose of cutting off the fillet of paper after the record has been made I
arrange a pair of shears or cutters in rear of the feed mechanism, and operate them
by one of the keys of the instrument in the following manner, employing preferably
that key which is arranged in the upper tier immediately over the key for turning
the messages-The inner end of the key selected extends upward through the
case in rear of the fulcrum pin c, and is slotted to receive the arm g' of an angular
lever pivoted at go to one of the uprights A. The upper arm of this lever is pivoted
to the outer end of a horizontal cutter blade g, which is arranged between the
uprights of the case, and pivoted at its inner end to a projection g of the rear
upright. This cutting blade works over the edge of a second horizontal blade g³
affixed to one of the uprights so as to project immediately under a loop g° formed

page_text: upon the upper end of the curved guide i. The fillet of paper guided by the loop
passes down between the blades, and is cut off by depressing the operating key, so
as to throw the swinging blade against the fixed blade, the two operating with a
shearing cut.
A spring 90 coiled about the upper arm of the crank lever, and
connecting with the pivoted blade, forces the latter down upon the fixed blade to
ensure the cutting operation. When the key is released the weight of its inner
end restores it to its first position, and swings the pivoted cutting blade outward so
that the fillet of paper may continue its downward passage. The fixed blade is
placed against a shoulder formed in the curved guide, or is otherwise connected to
the latter in such manner that its cutting edge shall lie in or behind the plane of
the guide. Some arrangement of this kind in connection with the guide loop y" is
absolutely necessary to properly guide the fillet of paper after the cut is made;
otherwise the end of the main fillet would fly out of the guide, and have to be
replaced between the blades by hand before a second cut could be made. Instead
of arranging the pivoted blade to swing over the fixed blade it may be arranged to
pass under it, the spring being also changed to press the swinging blade upward
instead of downward. The message to be sent having been recorded in the fillet of
paper by the recording instrument the next object to be attained is the transmission
of such recorded message along the telegraph line, and the reproduction of a fac
simile thereof at any or all the stations. This constitutes the third division of my
Invention, reference being had to Figures 10 to 40 inclusive, and has for its object
to automatically transmit a telegraphic message recorded in a fillet of paper, and
to automatically reproduce fue simile copies of such record, and to this end my
Invention consists,-
1st. In the system of communicating message symbols by means of straight slits
in a fillet of paper arranged alternately in two parallel lines, each slit representing
a symbol, by its length distinguishable from all the other symbols.
2d. In the method of automatically transmitting electric telegraph symbols by
alternate reversed currents sent through the main wire by the vibrations of a
local circuit changer operated by the moving fillet of paper containing the message
Blits.
3d. In the automatic transmission of telegraph symbols by alternate electric
currents induced in the main wire by a moving fillet of paper containing two
parallel rows of message slits, through which two track fingers alternately drop as
the paper moves to operate a local vibrating circuit changer.
4th. In the mechanisin and combination of mechanisms by which the messages
are transmitted.
5th. In the mode or method of automatically reproducing electric telegraph
symbols by the alternate reciprocation of two slitting knives through a fillet of
paper moving over them, the length of the slits corresponding with the period of
time each knife is in turn held through the paper, so that the slits reproduced in
the fillet of paper at the receiving station shall be fac similes of those forming the
record at the transmitting station.
6th. It further consists in controlling the electric currents induced in the main
line by the length of the message slits in the record, so that the length of time
between each current will exactly correspond to the distance between the beginning
of one slit and the beginning of the next adjoining slit in the opposite row.
7th. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms for reproducing the
message symbols and controlling the electric currents in the main line.
8th. In the combination of the transmitting and reproducing mechanisms.
9th. In the mode or method of connecting and disconnecting the stations of the
telegraph line, that is to say, the mode or method of calling a station into con-
nection with a transmitting station to receive a message, and throwing the
receiving station out of communication with the transmitting station after the
message has been sent.
10th. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms for connecting and
disconnecting the station of a line.

page_text: 11th. In the combination of the transmitting and reproducing mechanisms, and
the mechanism for connecting and disconnecting the stations of a line.
12th. In the mode or method of automatically joining the two helices of the
receiving magnet when a message is being received at a station, for the purpose of
increasing the power of the magnet when receiving a message by decreasing the
conducting resistance in the receiving magnets of all the other stations of the line
within reach of the current.
13th. In the mode or method of automatically disconnecting two the helices of the
receiving magnet and joining them separately to the main line, when their station
is not receiving a message, for the purpose of offering less resistance to the passage
of the line current through them.
14th. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms by which the helices of
the receiving magnet are automatically joined and separated.
15th. In the mode or method of notifying the operator at a transmitting station,
that a receiving station is called into communication with such transmitting station
and is ready to receive the message.
16th. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms by which such notification
is effected.
17th. In the combination at a telegraph station of a calling-in magnet, a
reproducing magnet, a receiving magnet, and their electric connections.
18th. In the combination at a telegraph station of a receiving magnet, a calling-
in magnet, and an induction coil interposed in the main wire.
19th. In the combination at a telegraph station of a receiving magnet, a calling-
in magnet, a reproducing magnet, an induction coil, and two primary helices
arranged within the induction coil.
20th. In the construction of the several magnets.
21st. In their combination with various parts of the apparatus.
22d. In equalizing the force of the main line currents for the purpose of receiving
the automatic formation of the message symbols of the requisite relative sizes
throughout the whole line, and to prevent like message symbols from differing in
length when formed by the current passing through either primary helix of the
induction coil.
23d. In the construction of the induction coil with the double helix, connecting
the local battery with the calling-in magnet of a station.
24th. In the combination of an adjustable magnet with the induction coil.
25th. In winding the corresponding helices of the calling-in magnet, the
reproducing magnet, the receiving magnet, and the primary helices of the induction
coil in the same direction, so that the electric currents shall each move through
the circuit of like helices in the same direction at each station, and at all the stations
of the line.
26th. In the mode or method of establishing a uniform movement of the paper
fillets at all the stations of a telegraph line.
27th. In the mode or method of providing a standard measure of time at all
the stations of the line for the purpose of determining the speed of the driving
shafts.
28th. In the mechanism and combination of mechanism for effecting such
results.
20th. In the mode or method of cutting off a reproduced record from the fillet of
paper on the guide bed of the reproducing mechanism.
30th. In the employment of lightning arresters of peculiar construction to
conduct strong atinospheric currents along the main line past a station, and prevent
them from injuring the receiving magnet, and to direct the message currents into
the receiving magnet and prevent them from passing the station.
31st. In the means employed for joining the lightning arresters to the main line
at a station.
32d. In the means employed for ascertaining any defect in the insulation of the
lightning arresters.

page_text: 33d. In the method of graduating the power of a local battery and determining
the amount of such power.
And, lastly. In the construction and combination of various parts of the
apparatus.
Having thus set forth the general principles of this portion of my Invention
which may be carried into practice in many different ways, one of which I will now
describe, beginning with the transmitting mechanism, and for a proper under-
standing of the Invention, and to prevent confusion in description, it is necessary
to bear in mind that each station along a telegraph line is provided with two
instruments in addition to the one by which the record is first made, to wit, one
for transmitting and receiving, and one for reproducing the transmitted message.
The transmitting mechanism is constructed and operated as follows:-A is the
frame of the instrument constructed in any suitable manner, and provided with
two uprights A¹, which support the main driving shaft B. This shaft is employed
to operate two sets of feeding devices, viz., one set by which the fillet of paper
containing the record is fed through the instrument for transmitting a message, and
the other set for feeding along another fillet of paper in which a received message
is recorded, so as to constitute a facsimile of the record from which the message was
sent. The shaft B is supported in its bearings upon friction wheels u placed within
the uprights of the frame, and is provided with a fly wheel C and the cylinders
D, E. These cylinders, in connection with pressure rollers, are employed to
feed the fillets of paper through the transmitting and reproducing instruments, and
are each formed with several rows of teeth to take hold of the paper, and with
two peripheral grooves to receive the embossed tracks in the fillets. The grooves
should be the same distance apart, in order to register with each other and the
grooves in the cylinder of the recording instrument, so that the embossed tracks in
the paper containing the record may fit the grooves of all the cylinders. The
shaft is driven by two collars connected thereto, so as to clamp the hub of the
driving wheel between them by frictional contact, and transmit its motion to the
shaft. The wheel is driven by electro-magnetism, as I will presently describe.
For the purpose of controlling the speed of the shaft I regulate the frictional contact
of the collars and hub of the driving wheel by means of a governor, consisting of
the crossed levers G, carrying balls upon their ends, and pivoted together upon
the shaft between the cylinder D and fly wheel C by a screw or pin I. One-half
of the shaft is cut away for this purpose, and after the parts have been applied a
protecting cap I¹ is placed over them upon the shaft, as shown in Fig. 13.
L, L, are short links pivoted at one end to the upper and lower governor levers,
and at the opposite end to a rod M extending within the shaft toward the hub of
the driving wheel S, the shaft being made hollow for this purpose. The other end
of the rod carries a pin Q, which projects through a slot in the shaft so as to
connect with an exterior collar or ring P. This collar is adapted to slide freely
upon the shaft, and is formed upon opposite sides with two projections, each con-
taining a conical recess. A second ring P¹ is mounted upon the shaft, but is fixed
thereto between the ring P and fly wheel; it is also provided with projections
having conical recesses, and the two rings are united by pointed pins R placed
between them with their points in the conical recesses. This arrangement is
employed to prevent the holding and guiding pin Q from binding within the slot of
the shaft when the collar P is being moved by the governor. The driving wheel S
is made with a long hub fitting loosely upon the shaft, and terminating at its inner
end in a grooved pulley h; i is a collar or plate mounted upon the end of the
shaft, so as to bear against the flat outer end of the wheel hub, and held in place
by the enlarged head of an adjusting screw fitting into the end of the shaft.
The collar is prevented from turning upon the shaft by a short tongue projecting
from its inner circumference into a slot or groove in the shaft, which slot should be
of sufficient length to permit the adjustment of the collar and wheel when
required. The two collars P. and i clamp the hub of the driving wheel between
them, and thereby transmit its motion to the shaft. g, g, are washers of cloth,

page_text: leather, or other suitable material placed upon the shaft between the collars P, i,
and the ends of the wheel hub for the purpose of increasing the friction between
such parts, and preventing wear; H. are bent springs interposed between the
governor levers upon opposite sides of the shaft and exerting their force out-
ward, so as to spread the levers apart and hold the collar P and wheel hub
against the outer collar i, or, in other words, to preserve the frictional connection
between these two collars and the hub by spreading the governor levers so as to
straighten the toggle joints formed by the connecting rod M and links L. When
the speed of the shaft becomes too high the governor balls are thrown outward
by centrifugal force overcoming the tension of the springs H, and causing the
links L to spread apart, and by retracting the connecting rod M. withdraw the
collar P from the wheel hub. This breaks the frictional connection between the
two, and allows the shaft to decrease in speed until a reduction of the centrifugal
force causes the governor balls to approach the shaft, and again establish the connec-
tion. The force with which the wheel hub is clamped between the collars is regulated
by adjusting the collar i upon the shaft, so as to press the hub with greater or
less strength against the collar P. When the shaft is at rest this pressure of
course is continued for a longer or shorter period, according to the adjustment,
when the shaft is in motion. The bent springs counterbalance the centrifugal force
of the governor balls until the shaft has attained or nearly attained the speed
requisite for feeding the fillet of paper in transmitting and recording a message,
and their tension may be adjusted by any suitable means to regulate the centri-
fugal force required for throwing out the governor balls, and disconnecting the
friction collars from the wheel hub, or, in other words, to determine the speed at
which the shaft shall run to feed the paper. But as the weight of the balls is
considerable, and a strong spring is necessary to counterbalance their centrifugal
force, and as the spring requires a very delicate adjustment, I prefer to construct
the apparatus in such manner that the stout bent spring shall operate to counter-
balance the centrifugal force of the balls up to nearly the speed required, and that
additional auxiliary springs, capable of fine adjustment, shall be employed to furnish
the force that is necessary over and above the force of the bent springs. These
auxiliary springs J, J, are made in the form of spirals, and are arranged to connect
two governor balls across the shaft, being secured to adjustable friction pins T, which
are held in the balls by set screws K. By means of the set screws and friction
pins the tension of the springs J can be finely adjusted to determine the force
required in excess of the bent springs to counterbalance the centrifugal force of the
balls that is necessary for disconnecting the friction collars and wheel hub. The
speed of the shaft, and therefore the movement of the paper, can be correctly
gauged to correspond in all the instruments along the telegraph line, and thereby
ensure accuracy in transmitting, recording, and reproducing a message; or, in
other words, so that the slits in the fillet of paper, which constitute the recorded
message, shall be of the same length for the respective signs at all the stations.
The distance to which the governor balls are thrown out centrifugally is fixed by
arms Harranged between the bent springs, or by any other device suitable for the
purpose. N, N, are racks projecting transversely of the shaft from that part of the
governor levers next the fly wheel to engage respectively with the upper and lower
side of a pinion K³ which is mounted within the shaft so as to rotate at right angles
thereto. This arrangement of mechanism is employed to equalize the movements of
the governor balls, and is best shown in Fig. 15. An equivalent of this device
would be an arm from each lever extending toward each other from opposite sides
of the shaft and articulated to opposite ends of a lever pivoted in the centre to the
shaft, which construction I propose to use when desired.
h
Motion may be imparted to the shaft B in a variety of ways, one of which
consists in connecting the motor to the grooved pulley by a band, but for con-
venience and economy I employ electro-magnetism in the following manner-On
the long hub of the driving wheel is placed an insulating cylinder e provided with
two grooved metal bands b, b', and with two grooved intermediate half bands c, c¹,

page_text: which are detached from each other at the ends. These various bands are arranged
parallel to each other, the outer one b next the wheel, and the inner one b¹ on the
inner end of the hub. w, w¹, w²; w³, nre metallic joints attached to the frame of the
machine beneath the driving wheel to support upright arms y in front and rear of
the hub; and a, a¹, a², a³, are bevelled rollers hung upon the upper ends of the
upright arms so as to fit within the grooved bands in the following order, viz.,
the roller a within the half band c¹, the roller al upon the same side of the hub
within the band 61, the roller a within the band b, and the roller a³ within the
half band c. a10 are insulating eveners connecting each pair of upright arms y
upon opposite sides of the hub, and all is a spiral spring connecting the two eveners
so as to draw the arms toward the wheel hub and press the bevelled rollers equally
against the grooved bands. The positive and negative poles of the battery employed
are connected respectively to the joints 20, 20%, while the two remaining joints 20¹, 20³,
receive in the order named the ends of and o7 of a helix placed within a magnet Dui
which is suitably arranged upon the frame and properly insulated therefrom. This
magnet is composed of two covers or plates 0, 01, of soft iron mounted one upon
the other so as to enclose the helix between them, but the helix is insulated from
the covers and its convolutions are insulated from each other. 20 is a rock shaft,
shown in Fig. 23, arranged diametrically of the covers and provided with a series of
permanent magnets s which are alternately attracted and repelled to oscillate the
shaft when the charge of electricity from the battery is sent through the helix to
magnetize the covers. w is an upright rod firmly fixed to the rock shaft of the
magnet and jointed at its upper end to an arm Z, which in its turn is pivoted to a
wrist pin on the side of the driving wheel. By this means the driving wheel is
rotated when the rock shaft is oscillated by the changes of polarity in the magnets.
By giving the permanent magnets s a long oscillation within the soft iron covers
and arranging the wrist pin of the driving wheel to correspond therewith, more
power is obtained from the same magnet than could be obtained if the oscillations
were short. For this purpose the covers are so constructed that the distance between
them shall be greatest at the arcs, through which the ends of the parallel magnets
move, as shown in Fig. 28. The simplest method of effecting this change of polarity
is to send the charge of the battery through the positive roller a and its half band c¹,
thence through the whole band b, such bands being suitably connected; and from
the band to the roller a, and its arm to the end o7 of the helix. This tips the
parallel magnets in one direction to move the driving wheel, and as the latter
rotates it brings the half band c¹ in contact with the negative roller a³, and the half
band c in contact with the positive roller a. The band b, having a suitable con-
nexion with the half band c, conducts the current to the roller a¹, and thence to the
end o of the helix, for the purpose of changing the polarity of the magnet and
oscillating the rock shaft in the opposite direction. By this constant change in the
polarity of the magnet the rock shaft is oscillated to rotate the driving wheel con-
tinuously, as above stated.
For the purpose of equalizing and regulating the speed of the shaft I employ a
governor in connection with the driving wheel, and to prevent an unnecessary waste
of power generated by the battery I employ a resistance coil in connection with the
governor. This governor is composed of a ring held at the face of the driving
wheel by radial arms ³, which together form a rock shaft, having its bearings at
tho rim of the wheel, but insulated therefrom. The ring is further provided upon
opposite sides, at right angles to the shaft, with two governor balls x arranged in
line with each other, one being adapted to carry a platina faced conducting roller ³.
The normal position of the governor is such as to hold the two balls at an angle
to the faco of the driving wheel, and is effected by means of an adjustable spiral
spring connecting the end of an adjusting pin at the inner face of the
wheel with an arm u² projecting from the ring inward toward the wheel hub. The
tension of this spring pulls the innor end of the arm outward toward the face of the
wheel, and therefore holds the two balls inclined to its axis of rotation. v, vl, are
. conducting springs insulated from and arranged beside each other upon the wheel

page_text: outside the governor. One end of each is secured to, but insulated from, the wheel,
while the opposite end is free and lies in the path of the governor roller a. When
the driving wheel is at its lowest speed the governor balls occupy their greatest
inclination to its face and hold the roller outside, and out of contact with the
conducting springs. As the speed increases the governor is thrown in by centrifugal
force to a position nearer at right angles to the axis of rotation, and therefore carries
the roller in contact, first with the outer spring v¹, and then with the inner spring v.
The tendency of the spring v is to counterbalance the centrifugal force of the
governor and return it to its normal position, as above stated.
on the wheel
The outer spring vl has electric connection with the half band c¹
hub, and the governor ring has a similar one with the whole band b. When, there-
fore, the current of electricity is sent through the positive roller a into the half
band c¹ it passes from the latter to the outer spring vl, and if the driving wheel is
moving at low speed so as to carry the roller in contact with such spring, the
current passes along the spring to the roller, thence down the roller arm to the
ring and into the band b. From the band bit passes to the helix for oscillating the
permanent magnet, the rotation of the driving wheel changing the direction
of the current from the positive roller to the half band c and band 61, the two
being directly connected, and therefore changing the polarity of the magnet and
continuing the rotation of the wheel, as herein-before described. Now if the
governor roller should constantly maintain its contact with the outer conducting
spring the speed of the driving wheel would increase until it attained too high a
velocity for practical purposes. This is apparent from the fact that after the first
change in the polarity of the magnet the wheel acquires a certain momentum, which
effects the next change a little sooner, and so on until the wheel would be accelerated
to such an extent as to make the current of electricity almost continuous. This of
course would consume the whole power of the battery, and therefore exhaust it
much sooner than if only that power, or approximately that power, is employed to drive
the wheel at the requisite speed. To prevent this exhaustion and waste of power
the inner spring v is employed in connection with a resistance coil u', which for con-
venience is wound upon the periphery of the driving wheel, although it may be
located at any point upon the frame of the instrument by suitable means. One
end of the resistance coil is connected to the inner spring v, and the opposite end to
the outer spring v¹.
When the speed of the wheel becomes so great that its centrifugal force carries
the governor roller inward in contact with the inner spring v, and so breaks the
circuit through the outer spring v₁, the positive current passing from the half band c¹
to the outer spring vl, as above described, goes through the resistance coil to the
inner spring v, thence to the governor roller, and so on to the magnet, following the
course already described. Since the short circuit formed by the governor roller and
outer spring is broken by the centrifugal force of the governor the only course for
the current to follow is through the resistance coil. This diminishes the current
somewhat, and therefore slackens the speed of the wheel to a slight extent, and
allows the governor rollers to move outward toward the outer spring v¹, and again
break the circuit through the resistance coil. The governor roller therefore acts as
a circuit breaker, breaking the circuit with one spring and closing it with the other
alternately. It maintains a constant vibration from one to the other, rapidly
throwing the resistance coil into and out of the circuit, and consequently sustaining
the wheel at a uniform velocity, without exceeding the minimum quantity of battery
force required to perform the work.
When the instrument is at rest the spring a holds the governor roller outward
from the shaft B and breaks the connection with both springs v and v¹. To start
it in motion I have provided a holder oo, pivoted to the inner face of the fly wheel,
being insulated therefrom. By turning down this holder it presses against the inner
governor ball and forces the governor roller inward in contact with the outer
spring to close the circuit from the battery to the magnet. After the wheel has
acquired momentum the holder o¹0 is automatically thrown back against the wheel
TR

page_text: by coming in contact with a trip or stop u pivoted to a short upright u¹ of the
frame beneath the driving wheel. The stop is weighted, as shown at u, so as to
keep it out of contact with the holder until it is swung into the path of the latter
by the operator.
When the power of the battery is too slight to impart the requisite motion to
the driving wheel, the governor roller is thrown inward by the counterbalancing
spring to break the circuit and stop the instrument, thus preventing it from
transmitting or recording at too low a speed.
An induction coil and local battery are placed at each station, and the main line
is operated by passing a current from the battery alternately through two helices
contained within the coil, but wound in opposite directions, as I will more par-
ticularly point out at its proper place herein. In transmitting a message, therefore,
from one station to another, the main line is worked by an induced current alter-
nately reversed. The mechanism for effecting this reversion is constructed as
follows, being operated by the fillet of paper containing the record to be transmitted
as it is drawn through the instrument by the feed cylinder E when the driving shaft
revolves-0 is a guide bed having a sleeve O 111 secured to its under side so as to
fit over an upright shaft o¹ upon the main frame, and hold the bed in a horizontal
position in line with the feed cylinder E, and in rear thereof. The upright shaft is
insulated from the main frame, and a front projection n of the sleeve is connected
by a flat spring n' with an adjustable holder n attached to one of the front
uprights of the frame. This forms a yielding connection, and permits a slight
lateral swing to the bed for the purpose of compensating for any irregularities in
the movements of the paper containing the record to be transmitted, and to insure
the proper guidance thereof to the feed cylinder. The extent of this lateral swing
is regulated by adjusting the holder n upon its upright. m, m³, Figure 38, are
two parallel grooves formed longitudinally in the upper surface of the guide bed to
receive the embossed tracks made in the record by the recording instrument; they
are necessarily the same distance apart as the grooves in the feed cylinder, and are
also in line therewith, as shewn. is the inner side of the guide bed raised some-
what, and made adjustable by any convenient means to regulate its position for
guiding the edge of the paper, so that the embossed tracks shall be directed and
held within the grooves of the bed; this adjustable side is also formed with recesses
along its inner edge, as shown by Fig. 38, for the purpose of preventing the edge of
the paper from curling up or wrinkling as it is drawn over the bed. is a
pressure bar arranged upon the opposite edge of the guide bed, being secured to
cross bars i, 1, which slide within deep transverse grooves cut in the bed. The
cross bars are formed with shoulders to bear against the edge of the moving paper,
and hold it up to the gauge side ¿¹¹¹, while springs f¹, attached to the outer edge of
the bed and bearing against the pressure bar, cause the shoulders to act with a
yielding pressure, and therefore conform to the varying width of the paper. The
pressure of the bar is regulated by set screws f passing through the outer fixed
edge of the bed so as to bear against the springs, and the movement of the bar
towards the gauge side after the paper has passed out is limited by a pin fo driven
into the bed near the outer groove, as shown. m¹¹ is a cover hinged at the inner
edge of the guide bed to hold down the fillet of paper, the amount of pressure with
which it bears upon the latter being regulated by a set screw f passing upward
through the bed, so that the cover shall rest upon its point.
.
The cover may be held down by a spring if desired, but I prefer to cinploy a
weight pivoted to one of the hinges, so that it may be swung round to regulate
the weight of the cover on the adjusting screw f
of
The ends of the cross bars i, il, project through the adjustable gauge side
the bed, just beneath the upper leaves of the cover hinges, and when the cover is
thrown open these upper leaves bear against the projecting ends of the bars, and
force back the guide shoulders, thus preparing the bed to receive the paper fillet
containing the record for transmission.
Two parallel V shaped ribs or rails extend along the under side of the cover in

page_text: such a position as to fit into the grooves of the bed for the purpose of properly guiding
the fillet of paper and preserving the form of the embossed tracks therein as it is
drawn along over the bed. 1 is a short horizontal shafts osecured to the edge of the
cover as to extend across the middle thereof; and 1, 7, are hubs mounted loosely
thereon.,, are light metallic track fingers secured to the hubs parallel to each
other, and extending forward of the same, so that their points shall project down
through openings in the cover and its ribs, and rest in the embossed tracks of the
paper fillet on the bed beneath. Each hub is also provided with a short arm
extending along the track fingers, and the arms carry set screws ¹ at the end, the
points of which bear against the sides of such fingers. j is a block secured to the
cover in front of the fingers, and formed with narrow slots through which the ends
of the fingers pass; these slots guide the fingers in the embossed tracks of the paper,
while the set screws h¹ serve to accurately adjust the position of the fingers within
the tracks, and prevent friction against the sides of the slots. Springs secured
at one end to the hubs of the fingers, and at the other end to a suitable part of the
cover hold the fingers down within the tracks with a yielding pressure. ¹¹ is the
handle pivoted to the top of the cover in rear of the track fingers, and provided
with a weighted extension 11, which holds it in an upright position by resting upon
the cover in rear of the pivot.
The front of the handle near the pivot is formed with a right angular projection,
as shown in Fig. 35, one arm j1111 of which extends over the short rear ends of the
track fingers, and when the handle is swung forward bears down upon thein to
raise the points from the tracks of the paper. The other arm j extends downward,
and limits the forward movement of the handle by coming in contact with the
cover.
If desired the track fingers may be connected with the cover in many different
ways without departing from the principle of my Invention in this regard, which
consists in adapting such track fingers to press upon the embossed tracks of the
paper with a yielding action, and to be raised for the insertion of the record in the
guide bed. is a fixed pin upon the under side of the guide bed in front of the
sleeve, and is a permanent magnetic bar secured centrally to the lower end of
the pin, so as to be in a horizontal position; 6¹¹ is a short horizontal shaft secured
to the under side of the guide bed to receive the hub b1111 of a pendant arm c¹, and
form a bearing upon which said arm swings from side to side under the guide bed.
The lower end of the arm terminates in a soft iron ring g₁, through which the
magnet projects to limit the lateral swing of the arm. 6 is a steel or other
rock bar extending across the top of the hub, with its ends immediately beneath the
points of the track fingers. When the fillet of paper containing the record is moved
over the guide bed the points of the track fingers alternately pass down through the
slits which form the record, and lie along the embossed tracks, and bear upon the
ends of the rock bar to oscillate the swinging lever c". el, cl, are platina ham-
iners secured to to opposite sides of the swinging arm c¹¹ to alternately strike the
faces of two platina anvils g, g, when the arm is vibrated. The anvils are
supported by arms pivoted to opposite sides of the fixed pin b111, being insulated
therefrom, and from each other. They are also made adjustable by any suitable
arrangement of devices. In this instance their inner faces are inclined downward
and outward, so that the adjustment may be effected by swinging the arms on their
pivots to raise and lower the anvils. Each anvil is connected to the local battery
by a separate wire to, which passes first through one helix of the reproducing.
magnet, then through one helix of the calling-in magnet, and lastly through a helix
contained in the induction coil. y is a bent support secured to the under side of the
guide bed in front of the vibrating arm c¹, and bearing upon the upper side of its
arm a platina point y¹. Another like point y" is placed opposite the first upon the
under side of the guide bed, and the two points are properly insulated from each
other. y is a bent lever hung to the lower front edge of the guide bed in such a
manner that the platina hammers on the upper and lower sides of its rear end shall
alternately strike the points y', y¹¹. This end of the lever is weighted, so that its

page_text: lower hammer shall bear upon the lower platina point when at rest. The opposite
end extend upward a little above the level of the guide bed, where it terminates
in a scroll or curvature 31111, over which the record fillet passes when drawn along
by the feed mechanism.
The weighted lever is insulated from the guide bed and connected by a wire t"
with that pole of the local battery opposite the pole with which the wires t⁰ of the
anvils gg, are connected, or in other words the wire from the weighted lever is
connected with the positive pole of the battery, and the wires from the anvils g, 1,
are connected with the negative pole. V is a lever pivoted at K to one of the
uprights of the frame above the feed cylinder E, and carrying at its lower end a
horizontal pressure roller V₁ covered with leather or other suitable material. A
spring K³ attached at one end to the frame, or to the pivot K, and bearing with
its opposite end upon the lever, holds the pressure roller against the feed cylinder
with a yielding pressure, so that the teeth or points of the latter shall seize and
feed the paper along without danger of its slipping.
The spring K³ is inade adjustable by any suitable means to regulate the pressure
of the roller against the cylinder. The upper arm of the roller lever terminates in
a finger piece adapted to engage with a latch 7, 1, 1, pivoted to the upright of
the frame for the purpose of holding the pressure roller out of contact with the feed
cylinder when desired.
When a message is to be transmitted the fillet of paper in which it has been cut
by the recording instrument is placed upon the guide bed under the cover, and
passed to the feed cylinder over the curved upper end of the weighted lever y¹¹¹.
The pressure roller is then let down to hold the paper up against the feed cylinder,
which is in motion, as already explained. As the fillet of paper is drawn along its
tension bears down the curved end of the weighted lever 1, and throws up its
inner end so that the upper platina hammer thereon shall be held in contact with the
upper platina point yll on the guide bed. The points of the track fingers riding
along in the embossed tracks of the paper drop through the slits therein to alter-
nately press down the ends of the rock bar b₁, and move the pivoted arm C¹¹ to
the right and left.
The permanent magnet g at the end of the pin 6111 attracts the soft iron ring
forming the lower end of the arm C, and holds it against recoil or rebound until
the arm is again moved by the alternate pressure of the track fingers. These
vibrations of the arm C carry its hammers el, c111, alternately in contact with
the anvils g, gl, and thus establish a circuit from the positive pole of the local
battery through the weighted lever 111 to one or the other of the wires attached to
the anvils, and from these wires through the helices of the recording and calling-in
magnets above named, thence through the helices of the induction coil in the main
line, and back to the negative pole of the battery. The vibrations of the arm C¹¹
therefore make and break the circuit through the wires of the anvils g¹11, g¹¹¹, and
thus alternately reverse the direction of the current induced in the main line, or in
other words the currents are alternately sent through the helices of the induction
coil in opposite directions to induce alternate by reversed currents in the main line.
The length of time during which the currents are induced through the main line
depends on the length of the slits in the record, which of course retain the track
fingers in contact with the ends of the rock bar a proportionate length of
time.
As the signs which constitute the message symbols are formed by slits of different
lengths in the fillet of paper it follows that the time between the duration of the
electric currents induced in the main line will exactly correspond to the distance
between the beginning of one slit and the beginning of the next adjoining slit in
the opposite row of the record from which they are produced, as above set forth.
If therefore these induced currents are made to produce other slits in a fillet of
paper such slits will be fac similes of those in the first fillet or transmitted record.
This reproduction of a transmitted record at any of the stations along the telegraph
line forms a succeeding step in my Invention, which will be presently described.

page_text: q is a curved guide secured to one of the uprights of the frame beneath the feed
cylinder E for the purpose of directing the fillet of paper away from the guide bed
and out of the instrument after the record has been transmitted.
After the fillet of paper has passed out of the instrument, or ceases to move, the
pressure upon the curved end of the weighted lever y¹¹¹ is relieved, and its weighted
end drops down so that the platina haminer on its under side shall rest upon the
platina point y¹. This breaks the connection with the upper point yl, and sends
the current from the local battery to the receiving magnet D' through a wire (12,
connecting the oscillating shaft d² of such magnet with the lower platina point y¹.
Each station on the line is provided with a magnet by which the message trans-
mitted from another station is received and communicated to the reproducing
magnet or instrument.
The receiving magnet is indicated by D¹ in the Drawings, and is composed of
two annular covers O, O¹, of soft iron mounted one upon the other so as to enclose
two helices cs and c between them, as shown by Fig. 24, one helix being placed
within or surrounded by the other. They are wound in the same direction, and
insulated from the covers and from each other, while the convolutions of each are also
properly separated from each other by insulation. of and 07 are respectively the
outer and inner ends of the outer helix, and 08 and 0° are respectively the outer and
inner ends of inner helix. The inner helical wire is made considerably shorter
than the outer, and therefore possesses only about one-fourth the conducting resis-
tance of the latter, so that when a current is sent through both helices simultaneously
it will contain more magnetic power in proportion to the conducting resistance of
the helices than it would if the length of the two helical wires was equal.
The outer end o of the outer helix and the inner end o" of the inner helix are
connected directly with the main telegraph wire to, as shown in Fig. 40, while the
inner end o7 of the outer helix and the outer end os of the inner helix are adapted
to be automatically connected when a message is received and reproduced, but
separated when the station to which they belong is not receiving a message, as I
will herein-after describe. is a rock shaft arranged across between the covers,
and supported at the ends by knife edges secured to the lower cover.
It is pro-
vided with a series of permanent magnetic needles d placed parallel to each other,
which are alternately attracted and repelled to oscillate the shaft when the induced
current in the main line is sent through the helices c³, c, to magnetize the covers;
d is an upright arm mounted upon the magnetic needles and carrying a cross bar
at its top. The ends of the cross bar are provided with platina hammers d¹, which
when the arm is vibrated by the magnetic needles, alternately strike against platina
anvils d' upon the faces of the collars or rings ds. These rings are fixed eccentri-
cally to the tops of stems d', which in their turn are supported in upright tubular
bearings or shafts & mounted upon the upper plate 0 of the magnet. The
eccentrics are insulated from the soft iron covers and from the tubular bearings
by means of insulated tubes 10, 10, placed around the stems within the bearings, as
shown in Fig. 24, so as to hold the lower ends of the stems above and out of
contact with the magnet cover 0. The insulating tubes are each formed with a
flange at its upper end which holds the eccentric out of contact with the top of the
tubular bearings, and therefore.insulates one from the other.
Any other method of insulation may be adopted of course, the object being to
insulate the eccentrics from the magnet covers and tubular bearings.
By means of the eccentrics the position of the anvils can be adjusted to regulate
the throw of the the hammers upon the vibrating arms when desired, the eccentrics
being held in place by the frictional contact of their stems with the insulating
tubes. The stems of the eccentrics are connected by wires ds and d" with the
anvils gg, of the transmitting instrument or with the wires of such anvils,
as shown in Fig. 40. The wires ds and d pass through the sides of the tubular
bearings d, and are properly insulated therefrom. When a message is to be
received at the designated station the weighted lever y¹ of the transmitting
instrument rests down upon the platina point y', which, as herein-before stated,

page_text: is connected by a wire with the shaft d³ of the receiving magnet, and the inner
and outer belices of the latter are automatically joined so as to form one long helix
interposed in the main line. The induced currents or pulsations of the main line
which constitute the measure of the message symbols transmitted, and the index
of those reproduced are alternately sent through the long helix in opposite
directions to oscillate the shaft of the receiving magnet by changing the polarity
in its soft iron covers for each symbol. The oscillations of the shaft vibrate the
upright arm d³, and carry its platina hammers d alternately in contact with the
platina anvils on the eccentric d. When this contact is effected the electric current
from the positive pole of the local battery passes through or along the wire t¹³,
Fig. 40, and intermediate devices to the shaft d and its arm d³, thence through
the eccentrics and stems to the wires d³ and do, and from thence along the wires
of the anvils g, g, through the reproducing and calling-in magnets, and finally
through the primary helices of the induction coil to the negative pole of the battery.
It will thus be seen that the polarity of the receiving magnet is changed by the
reversal of the currents in the main line, while the calling-in and, reproducing
magnets are worked by the direct or primary current from the local battery.
The action of the primary current upon the reproducing magnet and its devices
is continued as long as the contact is maintained between the hammers and their
respective anvils in the receiving magnet, and this contact continues in each case
until the shaft d² is oscillated by the reversal of the currents on the main line,
which, as above described, is effected by the track fingers of the transmitting
instrument working in the slits of the record, being transmitted to vibrate the
circuit changing arm C. The duration of the contact between the hammers and
anvils of the receiving magnet being thus governed by the length of slits in the
record transmitted causes the reproducing devices to remain in action a corre-
sponding length of time, as I will presently show in describing their construction
and operation. Therefore, the record from which the message is sent at the trans-
mitting station will be reproduced in fac simile at the receiving station. The
primary helices of the induction coil are all so wound with respect to such coil,
that the currents which they induce therein (by the passage through them of the
primary current from the local battery) shall be in prolongation of the respective
pulsations or currents which send the message. For example, in transmitting a
message one current forming a symbol will move along the main wire, say east-
ward, and the current from the local battery at the receiving station will pass
through the various instruments at that station and through its proper helix in
the induction coil back to the battery; but its direction through the helix will
be such as to induce an eastward current in the main line in prolongation of the
symbol current. And when the symbol current is reversed the current in the
induction coil will be also reversed.
The winding of the induction coils and their helices must be respectively the
same at all the stations of the main line, so that each induced current in such line
shall be in the same direction from each induction coil, to augment and reinforce
the message currents by the local battery at each station of the line between the
transmitting and receiving stations. D" represents the induction coil interposed in
the main wire; to, to, and D7, D7, the helices wound therein, one within the other,
around a central core D¹ of soft iron; they are each joined to the local battery,
the calling in and reproducing magnets, as herein-before described, and are of such
length and size as to produce by one battery an equal amount of magnetism in the
core. The core or magnet of the induction coil is made in several sections joined
together at the ends in line with each other by means of adjusting screws 66. This
construction enables the sections to be adjusted within the limit of the screws,
to regulate the time required for magnetizing and demagnetizing the several
sections.
In order to increase the quantity of the induced current additional sections are
employed and the coil increased in length instead of in diameter; this permits the
use of thicker wire, without increasing the conducting resistance of the induction

page_text: coil as much as would be the case if the coil were increased in diameter instead of
in length.
The special advantage arising from the use of a double or compound helix in
connection with the induction coil and one battery is that it ensures uniformity in
the force of the currents induced in the main line, and therefore secures the
automatic formation of the message symbols of the requisite relative sizes throughout
the whole line; or, in other words, the currents from one battery will be the same
in force whether passed through one or the other helix, and will consequently
prevent like message symbols from differing in length, when formed by the passage
of the current through either helix. Two batteries, one for each helix, could not be
practically employed, because of the constant liability of the current from one to
differ in force from the current from the other, thereby preventing their uniform
action and destroying the possibility of automatically making the message symbols
of the requisite sizes. If an adjustable resistance coil were used in connection with
an ordinary galvanometer in each circuit, and the resistance adjusted to make the
currents equal, the two batteries might work very well at first and for a limited
time, but as the batteries would diminish in force irregularly the same difficulties,
arising from want of uniformity in the force of the two currents would occur
unless the resistance were constantly adjusted by suitable means. If but one
primary helix should be used in the induction coil, and the primary current should
be broken and closed by one of the platina anvils and hammers, the advantage of
using the power of the local battery to demagnetize the iron core in the induction
coil would be lost in the transmission of each message symbol; or if a reverser
should be substituted, so as to be operated by the receiving magnet, to reverse the
primary current of a single primary helix in the induction coil at each transmission
of a message symbol, there would be an occasional imperfect reversion of the symbol
currents, in consequence of the lack of power in the receiving magnet to work the
reverser.
In transmitting a message the station to which it is sent for reproduction is first
"called in," that is to say, put in communication with the transmitting station
through the main wire. To accomplish this each station on the telegraph line is
provided with two distinct signals not employed at any other station, to wit, one
for throwing the reproducing devices into operation, and the other for throwing
them out of operation. These signals consist in the repetition of a message symbol
a greater number of times than it is formed consecutively in any one word; for
example, the repetition of the letter A four times may be the signal for "calling in'
one station, and the repetition of the letter B four times the signal for calling in
another station, and so on. These signals are cut in the record the same as the
other message symbols, but are only effective to control the reproducing devices at
the station for which they are designed, or for which they form the index.
"
When a record or fillet of paper is cut for transmittal to a particular station the
calling-in signal is cut just in front of or before the message, and the signal for
throwing out the station, or rather its reproducing devices, is cut in the paper
immediately after the message, so that when the record is laid in the guide bed at
the transmitting station and the feeding devices set in motion, it will automatically
call in the proper receiving station, transmit the message thereto, and then throw
its reproducing devices out of operation.
The mechanism for calling in a station and for the reproduction of a message
thereat is constructed as follows:-D" is the magnet of the reproducing devices,
and D the calling-in magnet. The latter is arranged under the frame of the
instrument, in line with the registering wheel, and the former has a special arrange-
ment, as I will presently show. These magnets are each composed of two soft iron
annular covers O, O', enclosing two helices wound one within the other, and of
oscillating cross shafts carrying permanent magnet needles, the construction in these
several respects being the same as the receiving magnet D¹.
The outer ends of the two helices in the magnet D" are respectively joined to the
wires of the anvils g₁, gl, in the transmitting mechanism, while the inner end of
1111

page_text: the outer helix, and the inner end of the inner helix, are joined respectively to the
outer ends of the two helices in the magnet D¹ The inner ends of these latter
helices are connected respectively with the two primary helices in the induction coil,
as shown in Fig. 40. The winding of the corresponding helices in the magnets
D, D, as well as in the receiving magnet D¹, must be in the same direction at all
the stations in order to maintain the same direction for each current throughout the
line. d, d, are upright arms mounted upon the parallel needles of the calling in
magnet D upon opposite sides of the cross shaft, so as to extend upward through
an opening in the bottom of the frame, as shown in Fig. 11. The upper ends of
arms are united at the top by a cross bar m², the ends of which carry metallic
plates m³, having faces inclined toward each other from opposite sides of a regis-
tering pin wheel E", as shown in Figures 17 and 19.
When the primary current from the local battery is alternately sent through the
helices of the calling in magnet it oscillates the shaft thereof by the magnetism of
the soft iron covers, and therefore vibrates the plates m³ to alternately strike the
ends of the pins and drive them through the wheel. This wheel is firmly keyed to
a countershaft E¹11, having its bearings in the two front uprights of the frame,
beneath the driving shaft B, and parallel therewith. The countershaft E¹¹ is provided
with friction wheels u, which support the shaft B, and therefore communicate motion
to such countershaft. Any other means may be employed for driving the counter-
shaft B, but I prefer the friction wheels as being the most simple and affording the
minimum amount of friction. The wheel E" is constructed with a grooved periphery,
and through the parallel flanges thereby formed at the edges are passed a series of
transverse pins m³, so as to move freely from side to side. The pins lie parallel to
each other and form a row entirely around the wheel with their ends projecting a
little beyond the faces of the latter. m7 is a band passing around the wheel between
the flanges, and bearing upon the pins to keep them in place, save at the bottom of
the wheel, where the pins receive upon their ends the action of the inclined plates m³.
At this point the band extends below the wheel around a pulley m³, and the pins
are thus relieved from its pressure. The pulley is mounted upon a spring q secured
to the frame of the instrument under the wheel, and adapted for adjustment by any
suitable means to regulate the tension of the holding band. The pulley and spring
are arranged slightly in rear of the wheel, as shown in Figs. 10 and 17. m³ and m
are two sleeves mounted loosely upon the shaft E, one on each side of the wheel,
and provided with radial arms m projecting to the front and rear of the shaft upon
opposite sides of the wheel. Two frames n² and n³ are mounted one upon each of
these arms, so as to move freely toward and from the sleeves. They are constructed
substantially alike, and for this reason it is only necessary to give a detailed descrip-
tion of one in order to a full understanding of both.
The frame n, which is the one I have selected for description, is composed of the
following parts, to wit:-Nearest the sleeve is a segmental brace or guide n fitted
upon the radial arm m", and carrying at its ends two radial diverging arms n³,
which extend to the periphery of the wheel, and are there secured to one edge of a
slotted segmental strip or plate nº. This plate lies in a plane at right angles to the
diverging arms, and extends laterally over the wheel, so that the latter shall project
slightly through its slot, as shown, the lower end of the frame being curved or bent
outward to prevent it from coming in contact with the band when moved forward
with the wheel. The inner proximate edges of the slot are formed with several
projections 10, which are held down upon the ends of the pins upon each side of the
wheel by the tension of a flat spring n³ connecting the two diverging arms of the
frame, and secured centrally to the radial arm m³ of the sleeve. The frames are
thus supported upon and by the pins with a yielding pressure, so that the wheel
shall revolve and carry the pins out from under the projections without moving the
frames. The frames thus remain stationary while the wheel revolves until such
times as the projections are locked to the pins for the purpose of moving the frames.
The projections 10 are not arranged directly opposite each other across the slots,
but the spaces in one edge are opposite to and receive the projections in the other

page_text: edge. The frame n² is employed for calling a station into the main line to receive
and reproduce a message, and the frame n³ is employed to throw 'the station out of
communication with the transmitting station when the message has been sent. The
frame n² therefore is the medium to be influenced by the calling in symbols cut in
the record immediately preceeding the message to be transmitted, and the frame n³
is the medium to be influenced by the throwing out symbols cut in the record imme-
diately after the message.
When it is desired to call in a station for the reception and reproduction of a
message the signals for such station are first transmitted and actuate the receiving
magnet at the receiving station so as to send the primary current from the local
battery through the calling-in and reproducing magnets. The vibratory changes
of the track fingers at the transmitting station change the polarity of the several
magnets at the receiving station, as already explained, to oscillate their cross shafts.
This oscillation of the cross shaft in the calling-in magnet vibrates the upright
arins and causes the inclined plates m³ thereon to alternately strike the ends of
the pins in the revolving wheel E" and move them through the flanges in opposite
directions; the pins are therefore set by the calling-in signals, and when the wheel
has revolved far enough to bring the set pins round to the frame n² they will not
lie under the projections 10 but within the spaces between them. The projections
being thus removed from under the pins the tension of the spring n³ pulls the
frame toward the sleeve me within the path of the set pins so that the latter
shall bear against the notched lower edges of the projections 10 when the wheel
revolves in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 17, and carry the frame n³ with theun
about / of a revolution of the wheel. It is then again moved out from the
sleeve aud remains stationary outside the pins of the moving wheel until it is
carried back by suitable means to the point from whence it started. This backward
movement only takes place after the message has been received and reproduced,
and the frame n³ is being moved by the throwing-out signals. In the frame n³ the
upper edges of the projections 10 are notched instead of the lower edges, as in the
frame n, and the arrangement of the notches is necessarily different in the two
frames in order to indicate different signals.
The configuration of the projections in each frame of a station must correspond to
the calling-in and throwing-out signals which represent that station. For example,
if the repetition of the symbol for letter A four times is the signal for a station,
then the outlines described by the projection of its frames must be the same as the
outlines described by the pins m under the impulses of the reciprocating setting
plates m³ induced, continued, and governed by such repetition of the symbol. When
therefore the wheel at the receiving station revolves so that the outlines of the pins
coincide with those formed by the projections on one or the other of the frames the
latter will be drawn toward the sleeve to engage with the pins, as above described.
The throwing-out signal may be the same as the calling-in signal of the same
station, but if the latter is the repetition of a letter several times, say A four times,
then it would perhaps be preferable to increase the number of repetitions for the
former, say A five times, but I prefer to employ a different letter for the throwing-
out signal.
Each station must have its separate signal, and its frames must be made to corre-
spond therewith, so that the signal from one station shall never operate or otherwise
affect the frame at another station, and each station is provided with the signals
for all the others. Since however in transmitting a message from one station all
the magnets at all the other stations of the line are affected by the change in the
direction of the transmitting current it follows that the pins m' at every station,
including that which transmits the message, will be displaced by the reciprocation
of the plates m³, but that only the frame n² at the called station will be affected to
set the reproducing mechanism in motion.
To restore the alignment of the pins with their ends in the same plane upon
opposite sides of the wheel two beveled uprights q° are secured to a plate E¹ on the
bed of the instrument and rise upon each side of the wheel adjoining the path of

page_text: the pins. The plate E is fastened to the bed of the frame in front of the tension
roller m³ and holds the uprights in rear of the reciprocating setting plates m³ on the
arms of the calling-in magnet, so that the rotation of the wheel shall carry the pins
between the uprights before receiving the action of the plates. The uprights are
beveled from the rear inward toward the wheel, the widest space between thein
being a little greater than the whole space occupied by the pins when driven to the
right and left, and the narrowest space just sufficient to allow of the passage of the
pins between them when their ends are in line each side the wheel. When there-
fore the pins have been moved by the setting plates the wheel carries them round
to the beveled uprights q by which they are again ranged in line with each other
preparatory to the next action of the plates. Thus the pins are aligned at each
revolution of the wheel at every station.
There is a liability that the action of the setting plates will drive the pins too far
through the wheel to properly register with the frames, and to prevent this two
other beveled uprights are employed, rising from the bed of the instrument or
from the plate E¹ upon opposite sides of the wheel in front of the setting plates, as
shown in Figures 17 and 19. They are placed farther apart than the uprights q²,
but are beveled in the same direction, their inner edges being separated just far
enough to permit the passage of the pins when set to the proper point. If however
the pins are driven too far by the setting plates, they will strike the beveled faces
of the uprights and be moved back thereby through the wheel in the proper
position for registering with the frames. In case the uprights 2, 93, are mounted
upon the plate E¹, the latter should be slotted for the passage and movement of the
vibrating arms d¹³ which carry the setting plates.
The calling-in frame n² is so arranged that its lower diverging arm n shall stand
at a point n at the front of the wheel. It therefore starts from this point when
drawn toward the sleeve m³ to engage with the pins m, and moves forward with
the sleeve and wheel until its upper diverging arm n³ reaches a point p² at the top
of the wheel, when it is disconnected from and thrown outside of the pins by the
following mechanism, there to remain until the message has been received and
reproduced p* is a rod secured at one end to the segmental brace n' of the frame,
from which it extends to a collar o³ formed upon the outer end of the sleeve m³. Its
outer end fits within a radial slot of the collar so as to work freely toward and from
the sleeve with the movements of the frame. When the frame n² is moving
forward with the wheel, and just before its upper diverging arm reaches the
limit p of its throw, the point of an upright cam or arm p³ secured to the bed of
the instrument so as to curve from the rear over the top of the sleeve m³ passes
between the latter and the rod p', as shown in Fig. 21. The rod then rides along
the outer edge of the cam, and is moved by its increasing width outward from the
slceve until the frame n² reaches the point p, when it is entirely disconnected
from and thrown outside of the engaging pins, and ceases to move with the wheel.
The cam holds the projections of the frame out of contact with the pins to prevent
the wear of these parts by friction, and to guard against their casual movement by
catching into each other. The throwing out frame n³ is also connected by a rod p¹
to a collar o³ at the end of the sleeve me, and being arranged in rear of the shaft
starts from a point n" at the under side of the wheel when drawn toward the sleeve
to engage the set pins. It stands with its upper diverging arm no at the point n",
and its forward movement with the wheel terminates when the lower diverging
arm n reaches a point 23 at the back of the wheel. At the frame n³ is thrown
outside of and held out of contact with the engaging pins, and ceases to move with
the wheel by means of an upright pointed cam p mounted upon the bed of the
instrument, as shown in Figure 22, the operation being the same as the operation
of the frame n; p and ps are, angular levers pivoted at their angles to the sides of
the upright cams p and p' respectively. They are arranged in opposite directions,
so that their upper ends shall lie one in front of the sleeve mb and the other in rear
of the sleeve mº. Their lower ends are weighted and provided with adjusting
screws n¹ which are adapted to rest upon bearing surfaces n¹³ formed upou
n

page_text: extensions of the upright pointed cams, as shown in Figures 21 and 22. When
the throwing out frame stands at its highest point upon the wheel out of contact
with the pins, the front side of the bar p rests upon the upper end of the lever p
to lock the frame against forward movement until it is drawn toward the sleeve.
When this takes place the bar also moves inward and clears the end of the lever,
thereby releasing the frame so that it can move forward with the wheel to the
point p³, as above described. The upper end of the lever p in order to lock the
calling-in frame n² passes up in front of the bar p, and is notched or recessed to fit
over such bar when the frame is at its lowest point upon the wheel out of contact.
with the pins. The catch lever thus locks the frame against any forward movement
until the throwing out signal for the station is received, when the bar 2 moves
inward to clear the end of the lever and release the frame, so that it may move
forward with the wheel the same as the frame n³. The upper ends of the two
locking levers are prevented from moving with or following the bars p¹ inward by
means of the adjusting screws n which screws also serve to regulate the distance
between the levers and sleeves for the passage of the frame bars p³. The frames are
arranged to move forward with the wheel at different times, and to move back
against its revolution one after the other, that is to say, when the calling-in frame
is moving forward with the wheel the throwing out frame is riding back clear of
the pins, and when the throwing out frame is moving forward the calling-in frame
is moving back to its nornal position.
The mechanism for moving the frame back consists of two arms of, o³, secured
respectively to the outer ends of the sleeves m³ and mo, so as to extend downward
through slots in the bed of the instrument where they are pivoted by rods o* to the
extremities of a long lever or working beam o¹ hung at its centre to the rear under
side of the bed. When therefore the movement of either fraine operates its supporting
sleeve, the working beam through its connecting parts will move the sleeve of the
other frame in the opposite direction.
For the purpose of securing accuracy and certainty in the operation of the frames
the movements of the working beam are sharpened and quickened by the action of
a jointed spring lever in the following manner :- 2 is the lever secured at its rear
end to the instrument and extending forward to connect with one arm of the
working beam by a short pivoted rod q³. A spring 2º secured to the bed of the
instrument forces the lever toward the connecting rod, and when the oscillations
of the working beam carry its arm in front and rear of the joint formed by the
lever and rod, the spring acts to throw it quickly against the front or rear stop
pins 25, which limit the sweep of the beam, as shown in Figure 12.
>
The reproducing devices are constructed and operate as follows:- is a guide
bed secured to a tubular bearing o¹, which fits upon an upright shaft ol1111 at the
rear of the instrument, so as to hold the guide bed in line with the feed cylinder D.
The upright shaft is insulated from the main frame, and the guide bed in its general
features is constructed the same as the guide bed of the transmitting devices,
to wit, with an adjustable gauge side 11 with an adjustable spring pressure bar ell,
and a weighted cover or pressure piece 11 having a handle, and adapted to
operate the sliding cross bars z when swung open, and to bear upon the point
of an adjusting screw 11111 in the bed when closed; c is a shelf or arm attached by
a sleeve c to the tubular bearing of the guide bed, and extending forward under
the latter to support the reproducing inagnet D₁, as shown by Figure 27. A short
arm cls projecting from the tubular bearing carries a set screw c, which enters a
corresponding arm c¹ of the sleeve to support the shelf and regulate the position
of the magnet knives with respect to the guide bed; c' is a flat spring connecting
the shelf with an adjustable holder upon one of the uprights of the frame to
permit a slight lateral swing of the guide bed and magnet for the purpose of com-
pensating for any irregularities in the movements of the paper fillet over the
guide bed; a are blocks mounted upon the permanent magnetic needles of the
magnet D upon opposite sides of the rock shaft to limit the oscillations of the
latter by contact with the covers 0, 0, and support the pivoted upright arms 'a;

page_text: be are guide blocks secured to the front end of the bed in continuation thereof, and
grooved vertically to receive the upper ends of the arms a12, which are curved or
bent, so as to stand parallel to each other within the grooves. The upper ends of
the arms are also slotted for the passage of pins b', which extend through the blocks
to guide the movements of the arms; b, b, are pointed reversible slitting knives
adjustably attached to the arms a¹³ by means of the slotted blocks and set screws b³,
so that their points shall project through the grooves in the guide blocks above the
upper surface of the bed when the arms are reciprocated by the oscillations of the
needles in the magnet D". The cutting edges of the knives stand at the rear
next the guide bed, so as to slit the fillet of paper as it is drawn along by the
cylinder, 68, 68, are guide blocks secured to the cover of the guide bed by means of
set screws 61s, so that their slots shall register with the slots in the guide blocks be
Each block bs carries an embossing roller or style to bear down under the weight
of the cover upon the fillet of paper as it passes over the bed, and form parallel
grooves therein by pressing it into the grooves of the lower blocks 68. The rollers
also expand or widen the slits in the record. The guide blocks b are properly
grooved for this purpose, such grooves being the requisite distance apart to register
with the grooves in the feed cylinder D and the grooves of the transmitting
devices.
Any preferred design may be given to the embossed tracks in the paper by giving
a corresponding form to the grooves in the guide blocks 68, or to the periphery of
the embossing rollers. India-rubber blocks c are secured within the guide blocks 69
to bear down upon the points of the slitting knives, and ensure their cutting, such
bearing blocks being adjusted by set screws b¹. V is a pressure roller covered with
leather or other clastic inaterial, and mounted upon the lower end of a lever VIII, so
as to hold the fillet of paper in contact with the front side of the feed cylinder D
when the paper is being drawn forward. The lever is pivoted centrally to one of
the uprights of the frame, and carries one end of an adjustable spring K, the
other end of which is secured to the pivot, the purpose of such spring being to
bear the pressure roller against the feed cylinder. The upper end of the lever ter-
minates in a finger piece Ju, by pressing upon which the roller V is removed from
contact with the feed cylinder, in which position it may be held when desired by
any convenient locking device; q is a lever hung at q7 to the upright of the frame
beneath the feed cylinder with its upper end lying against the inner side of a pin
projecting from the end of the pressure roller V, and its lower end against a
cam o mounted upon the sleeve m of the calling-in frame. The form and position
of this cam upon the sleeve are such as to throw the upper end of the lever q" for-
ward, and hold the pressure roller V out of contact with the feed cylinder when
the paper fillet is not in operation over the reciprocating slitting knives. The
reproducing mechanism is made ready for operation to reproduce a message by
laying a plain uncut fillet of paper upon the guide bed under the weighted cover
passing over the feed cylinder D downward behind the pressure roller. When the
signal for calling in the station causes the calling-in frame n² to move forward with
the registering wheel the sleeve m³ moves with it, as already described, and carries
the short radius of the cam 020 against the lower end of the lever 9. This releases
the pressure roller V, so that its spring K shall bear the fillet of paper against
the feed cylinder D to be fed forward.
As, already explained, the induced or message currents of the main line operate
the receiving magnet, while corresponding currents direct from the local battery
of a station operate the calling-in and reproducing magnets at every change in the
message currents. When therefore the polarity of the reproducing magnet is
changed the slitting knives are alternately reciprocated through the moving paper
to form the slits therein. The length of such slits corresponds to the period of time
each knife is held upward, while the paper is moving at a uniform rate of speed,
and the duration of their respective upward throws ceases only with the changes of
the track fingers in the transmitting instrument. It therefore follows that the slits
reproduced in the fillet of paper at the receiving station will be fac similes of those

page_text: forming the record at the transmitting station, provided the fillets of paper move
at the same rate of speed.
The method of effecting a uniform movement at all the stations I will presently
describe. The calling-in frame of the receiving station is held forward upon tho
registering wheel until all the message has been received and the throwing-out
frame brought into action, when it moves back upon the wheel so that the cam 00
shall again operate the lever q to throw the pressure roller V out of contact with
the feed cylinder and stop the further movement of the paper until the station is
called in again. " is a curved guide secured to one of the uprights of the frame
beneath the feed cylinder for directing the fillet of paper out of the instrument,
and as and a are the blades of a pair of shears for cutting off the paper after it
has left the cylinder. The upper end of the curved guide is formed with a loop
to direct the paper down between the blades which occupy a horizontal position
just under its lower edge. The lower blade a is attached to the upright of the
frame, and the upper moveable blade as is attached to an upright rod p so as to
work over the edge of the fixed blade. The rod p is held in a vertical position
against an adjoining upright of the frame by suitable guides, and is formed with a
crank or handle at its upper end, by which it is operated to swing the blade a³
inward in contact with the fixed plate and cut off the fillet of paper. Its lower
end is surrounded by a coiled spring p¹, one end of which is made fast thereto and
the other end is secured to the bed of the instrument. The tension of the spring
is such as to throw open the blades of the shears after the rod p has been released
and to press the swinging blade down upon the fixed blade for the purpose of
insuring the proper cutting action. The fixed blade occupies a position against a
shoulder formed in the curved guide, as shown in Fig. 32, or is otherwise connected
to the latter in such manner that its cutting edge shall lie behind the plane of the
guide out of the path of the paper from which the strip or record has been cut.
By this provision the end of the paper is prevented from catching on the blades of
the shears or flying out of the guide loop after the record is cut off.
When a message is being received or reproduced at a station the two helices of
the receiving magnet are automatically connected to form one helix for the purpose
of increasing the power of the magnet to effect the changes in the polarity in the
reproducing magnet. When the station is not receiving a message the helices of
its receiving magnet are disconnected and joined separately to the main line for
the purpose of offering less resistance to the passage of the line current through
them. Therefore the power of a receiving magnet is increased when receiving a
message by the decrease of conducting resistance in the receiving magnets of all
the other stations within reach of the line current. The mechanism for auto-
matically connecting and disconnecting the two helices is constructed and operates
as follows:-R1, R2, R3, are three bent levers pivoted to a corresponding number of
uprights secured to the frame of the instrument, being insulated therefrom and
arranged in front and below the sleeve me. The front ends of the levers are
weighted and provided each with a platina hammer to rest down upon correspond-
ing platina anvils in the standards while their rear ends terminate within the path
of a series of cams 710 secured by an insulating strip to the sleeve me, as shown
in Fig. 11. The outer end o³ of the inner helix in the receiving magnet is bifurcated
or branched to connect with the anvils of the standards R¹ and R and the inner
end o of such helix after joining the wire to of the main line connects with the
anvil of the standard R. The inner end o7 of the outer helix is branched to
connect with the hammers of the levers R2 and R3, and the outer end o" of such
helix, after joining the main wire to, connects with the anvil in lever R¹.
inner ends of the weighted levers are so curved or provided with projections that
when a station is called in to receive a message and the sleeve m° rotates forward
with the calling-in frame the cams 710 will raise the hammers of levers R¹ and R³
and permit the hammer of the lever R² to rest down upon its anvil.
This forms a
connection between the inner end of the outer helix and the outer end of the inner
The

page_text: helix, and makes of them a continuous helix during all the time a message is being
received and reproduced.
After the message has been received and the receiving station thrown out of
communication with the transmitting station the cams operate to raise the hammer
R2 and permit the hammers R¹ and R³ to drop down upon their respective anvils.
The two helices are thus separated so that the current of the main line shall pass
through both simultaneously. A fourth platina anvil and lever hammer R
are arranged beside the others and interposed in the wire t¹¹ which connects the
local battery with the curved lever y of the transmitting devices, one end of the
wire being connected to the hammer and the other end to the anvil. The function
of these devices is to notify the transmitting station that the receiving station has
been called in and is ready to receive the message. For this purpose the rear end
of the lever is notched to form one or more teeth, so that when the sleeve me moves
forward as above described one of its cams 10 will strike the teeth and then fall
into the notches behind them. When in contact with a tooth it presses down the
rear end of the lever and raises the hammer at the front end out of contact with
the anvil to break the circuit between the local battery and the lever y¹¹l, and
when it passes into the notches the hammer is released and drops down upon the
anvil to make the circuit. By this means the circuit is rapidly made and broken
one or more times in succession, according to the number of teeth and notches in
the lever, and the result is that when the circuit is made the current from the local
battery of such receiving station passes through the calling-in magnet, the
reproducing magnet, and the helices of the induction coil, back to the opposite pole
of the battery, as already explained, thereby inducing a current in the main line at
the receiving station. The effect of this induced current is to oscillate the upright
arms of the receiving magnet back at the transmitting station, and so assure the
operator there that the receiving station is called in ready to receive the message.
After these preliminary signal changes in the circuit of the local battery at the
receiving station the contact of the hammer and anvil is necessarily continued
while the message is being received and when the station is thrown out.
To establish a uniform movement of the fillets of paper at all the stations of a
line the driving shafts B are adjusted to the same speed, which is measured by the
vibrations of a pendulum at each station in the following manner :-ƒ³ is a wide
metal bar pivoted at its lower end to one of the legs of the instrument, under or
near the transmitting devices, and slotted at its upper end for the passage of a set
screw f³, by which it may be adjusted to the right or left. 2 is the pendulum
hung from the bottom piece of the frame, but insulated therefrom, so that the flat
piece g at the lower edge of the weight shall alternately strike the upright points
of a crescent-shaped metal trip plate g when the pendulum is vibrated; the trip
plate is secured to a long sleeve g² mounted upon a front projecting pin of the
upright bar.
The inner end of the sleeve carries an upright plain faced arın g',
which is thrown alternately to the right and left against platina faced stop pins g",
when the pendulum is vibrated to oscillate the trip plate and its sleeve. The stop
pins are secured to the upright bar upon opposite sides of the sleeve, being properly
insulated from the bar, and are connected respectively by the wires ds and d" to the
wires do which join the anvils of the transmitting devices to the helices of the
reproducing magnet.
The upright bar is insulated from the frame and the trip plate is insulated from the
bar by suitable means. his a weighted right angular finger piece hung upon the
pivot f of the pendulum, so that its weighted end shall extend within the space
formed by the bottom of the frame A and an angular arm h secured thereto, as
shown in Figure 10. The upper and lower sides of the finger piece are provided
with a platina point or hammer * to bear alternately against corresponding points
or anvils ho in the frame and arm; its normal position holds the two lower points
in contact and disconnects the two upper points. The wires t¹¹ and t from the
local battery connect the lower point in the arm 5 with the rock shaft of the
receiving magnet D¹ and a wire t¹³ connects the upper point in the frame with the

page_text: crescent-shaped trip plate, to form the circuit from the battery to the trip plate,
(the lever y of the transmitting devices being down upon its lower anvil), the
operator presses his finger upon the weighted finger piece, so as to raise the
weighted end in contact with the wire t and lift it from contact with the wire of
the receiving magnet; this throws the latter out of the circuit, and sends the current
from the battery along the sleeve of the trip plate to its arm g'. The pendulum
being next set in motion by the operator will vibrate quite a number of times to
oscillate the arm g' against the stop pins and send the current alternately through
the wires ds, to, do, and t¹0, to reciprocate the slitting knives of the reproducing
magnet.
The length of time the knives are held projected through a moving fillet of paper
depends upon the length of the pendulum vibrations, while the length of the slits
depends upon the speed of the paper through which the knives are held. If there-
fore the vibrations are known, the speed of the paper can be readily ascertained to
determine the length of the slits; for example, if the instruments of the line when
made and put up are adjusted to run off two feet of paper at every four beats or
half vibrations of the pendulum, and it is desired to change the movement of the
paper to one foot per second, the operator adjusts the speed of the driving shaft so
that it shall feed the paper three inches for every beat of the pendulum. If the
paper is to be moved four feet per second the operator adjusts the speed of the
shaft to feed one foot for every beat of the pendulum.
The method of determining when the paper is moving at the requisite speed is to
measure the slits produced at every beat of the pendulum. All the pendulums of
the line are made alike, so that their vibrations shall be equal, and thereby furnish
a standard mesure of time at all the stations. If any change is required in the
speed of the paper all the stations are notified from the main office and the required
change specified; the operators then regulate the speed according to the beats of
the pendulum, as above described. By this means the paper at all the stations is
made to move at the same speed to transmit and reproduce fac sinile records. g
is a horizontal arm attached to the frame A near the pendulum, and g³ is a long
thin spring connecting its outer end to the oscillating arm g', to prevent the recoil
of such arm when thrown against the stop pins by the pendulum.
The holding arm g is adapted for adjustment by any suitable means to regulate
the tension of the spring. The set screw f', which secures the upright bar f in
place, also permits the lateral adjustment of the bar. to hold the vertical axis of the
pendulum when at rest in line with the centre of oscillation of the trip plate, for
the purpose of preventing the arm g' from striking one stop pin sooner than the
other when the pendulum vibrates. This equalization in the deflection of the
bar g' from the vertical line of the pendulum insures, uniformity in the length of
the slits by which the required speed of the paper is ascertained. Without it the
length of the slits would be unequal, and could not afford a correct guide for the
purpose.
In order to prevent atmospheric electricity upon the main wire from passing
through the receiving magnet of a station to burn the helices or otherwise injure
the instrument, a lightning arrester Z', shown in Figures 39 and 40, is interposed
in opposite ends of the main wire as it enters the magnet from each side of the
station; they are each composed of two grooved half cylinders of metal clamped
together upon a piece of fine insulated wire Z, placed in the main wire, and the
outside of each cylinder is joined by a large wire Z³ to the opposite end of the
main wire beyond the opposite cylinder, so as to conduct a strong atmospheric
current along the main line past the station without permitting it to enter and
burn the fine wire of the receiving magnet. The insulation of the wire Z² is
sufficient to direct the induced message currents into the helices of the receiving
magnet and prevent them from passing the station through the arresters; but this
insulation is entirely overcome by the strength of the atmospheric currents, which
therefore pass the station without the liability of injuring the instrument as above
stated.
'

page_text: The ends of each wire Z are joined to a helix Z, and the helices are arranged
one within the other in the same manner as those heretofore described; Z³ is a
magnetic needle pivoted to a dial plate placed within the axial aperture of the
helices; the needle stands at a certain predetermined point upon the dial, when
the insulation of the wires Z is perfect and the line in working order; but when
the insulation becomes defective from any cause the needle will be deflected to the
right or left by the escape of the message current through one or the other of the
lightning arresters. The extent of the deflection shows upon the dial the extent
of the defect, and indicates the needed repairs; Z are switches pivoted to suitable
insulated supports between the ends of each wire Z as they join the helical wires,
shown clearly in Fig. 40. The switches when' turned to connect both branches
or ends of a wire cut off the current from the helices, but when turned out of
contact with such branches allow the current to pass through the helices. They
are usually arranged to keep the currents cut off, and are only turned to let them
pass through the helices when the insulation is to be tested by the magnetic needle
and dial. This, however, is not absolutely necessary, because they may or may
not stand normally cut off, as preferred or found most desirable.
X is an adjustable resistance coil provided with an index finger and dial and
inserted in the local linc, as shown in Figure 40. The object of this arrangement
is to enable the operator to graduate the conducting resistance in the local circuit,
so that the surplus power of the battery may be utilized and the working force of
the battery kept the same during the latter part of its use as when the battery is
first put up. The deflection of the index finger upon the dial shows the amount
of resistance. When the power of the battery is great the resistance is made
proportionally great, and as the power decreases the resistance is also decreased
until no surplus power exists, thereby maintaining a uniform working power.
To determine the amount of battery power an ordinary galvanometer ✗² is
connected to the resistance coil X¹, so as to form a part of the local circuit, as
shown in Figures 14 and 40. By means of the resistance coil the operator is
enabled to adjust the conducting resistance in the local circuit, so that the needle.
of the galvanometer will be deflected to a point on its dial that indicates sufficient
power of the battery to produce induced currents along the main line suitable for
the automatic transmission of messages.
When it is desired to cut out the induction coil at a station, for the purpose of
adjusting the movements of the paper by the pendulum, a pivoted switch 27 is
inserted in the wire of the induction coil between its commencing and terminating
ends, as shown in Fig. 14, or by inserting it in a branch wire Z connecting such
ends, as shown in Fig. 40.
When a transmitted message has been automatically received and reproduced at
the terminal station of a line, and it is desired to further transmit it over a suc-
ceeding line, the reproduced record fillet is placed in the transmitting instrument of
the succeeding line, and the message automatically sent either to the end of such
line or to an intermediate station thereon for delivery. If sent to the end of the
line it may be again automatically reproduced and transmitted over another line,
and so on throughout the entire route; thus in sending a message it is automatically
reproduced at the end of a line for automatic transmission over the next line
without the delays and consequent waste of time and labor necessary to reprepare
a message at the end of each line, as at present practised with all automatic
telegraphs.
The instruments of the different and independent lines are regulated and adjusted
to operate in harmony with each other, so that an original or reproduced record
fillet of one line can be used equally well to automatically operate all the other
lines.
At the delivery station the record fillet containing the reproduced message is
employed in connection with suitable mechanism, independent of the line, to
automatically produce a dispatch for delivery printed in ordinary typographic
characters. This constitutes the last step in my system and process, and according

page_text: to the fourth division of my Invention, reference being had to Figures 41 to 45
inclusive of the accompanying Drawings, consists,―
First. In mechanism for feeding the slitted record through the instrument,
mechanism to set a type wheel in position for printing by the movements of the
slitted record, and mechanism for printing upon a plain fillet of paper after the type
wheel has been set.
Secondly. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms by which the slitted
fillet is fed through the instrument.
Thirdly. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms for setting the type
wheel.
Fourthly. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms for taking the
impression of the type wheel upon the plain fillet of paper.
Fifthly. In an oscillating type wheel having the type arranged upon it in the
order of the frequency of their occurrence in telegraphic messages, and adapted to
be automatically set from an initial point for every message sign by means of slits
in a moving fillet of paper, which slits by their length, or by the distance between
the rear end of one and the rear end of that next adjoining, designate the message
signs, and correspond to the message signs on the type wheel.
Sixthly. In setting the type wheel by the message slits in the record fillet
through the medium of two gauge fingers, which work within the slits to turn the
wheel.
Seventhly. In automatically stopping the slitted record fillet while an impression
is being taken from the type wheel upon a plain fillet of paper, and automatically
setting the slitted record fillet in motion again after the impression is completed.
Eightly. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms by which these
automatic movements are effected.
Ninthly. In operating the printing cylinder or platen by the force of a spring to
impress the characters of a type wheel upon a plain fillet of paper.
Tenthly. In the mechanism by which the spring is operated.
Eleventhly. In adjusting the speed of the shaft which bears the gauge fingers
relative to the feed of the slitted record by means of the slits themselves, for the
purpose of securing the proper throw of the gauge fingers within the slits to set the
type wheel.
Twelfthly. In the mechanism and combination of mechanisms for adjusting the
speed of such shaft from the feed of the slitted record.
Thirteenthly. In a printing telegraph instrument, of the combination of an oscil-
lating type wheel, a time and escapement shaft, a cam driving shaft, a pressing
platen cylinder, mechanism for feeding a slitted record fillet over a guide bed, and a
brake for stopping the motion of such feeding mechanism, all operating automa-
tically, so that each oscillation of the time shaft and each corresponding revolution
of the cam shaft, the type wheel is set, the movement of the slitted record fillet
stopped, and an impression taken from the type wheel upon a plain or printing fillet
of paper simultaneously or in rapid succession, the pressing platen lifted from the
type wheel, the printing fillet fed forward, the slitted record fillet again set in
motion, and the type wheel returned to its normal or first position.
And, lastly. This part of the Invention consists in the construction and com-
bination of various parts of the instrument, as will herein-after fully appear.
A is an upright mounted upon a suitable frame and supporting a cross shaft C
near its top, which shaft carries a grooved driving pulley D at its outer end, and
a serrated or toothed feed cylindre B at its inner end; F is a pressure roller hung
upon the lower end of a bent arin G pivoted to the side of the upright, and sup-
porting the pressure roller just in front of the feed cylinder. A spring attached to
the upright exerts its tension against the arm G, and bears the roller against the
feed cylinder with a yielding pressure, which may be regulated by making the
spring adjustable in any convenient manner. The pressure roller ensures the feed
of the paper containing the message slits by holding it against the sharp teeth of
the feed cylinder, and it is formed or covered with leather or other yielding sub-

page_text: stance, which shall receive the impress of the teeth and prevent the paper from
slipping. The roller is further made with two parallel peripheral grooves al at
tlie proper distance apart to receive the parallel embossed tracks in the paper fillet
containing the message slits. The upper end of the roller arm G forms a finger
piece H which, when the arm is moved back to carry the roller out of contact with
the feed cylinder, is caught by a latch I pivoted to the top of the upright. The
latch is also formed with a finger piece, and its forward end is beveled in front of
the pivot K to receive the action of a spring L by which it is held engaged with the
roller arm, as shown in Figure 43. N is a horizontal guide bed arranged in rear
of and in line with the feed cylinder for the purpose of directing the message
fillet q¹ thereto, and to afford support for the mechanism by which the slits in such
record are made to control the movements of the type wheel in producing a printed
message.
The guide bed is supported in position by means of a sleeve m", fastened to its
under side and fitted over an upright shaft or spindle ¹¹ secured to the main frame.
The lower end of the sleeve is provided with a front projecting arm oll which is
connected by a coiled spring pun to a friction or other adjusting pin q¹ in the
side of the upright A. This connection allows the bed a slight lateral swing to
compensate for any irregularities in the running of the paper to the feed cylinder,
the holding spring yielding readily for this purpose when the paper presses against
the side of the bed. is a stop secured to the frame of the instrument within the
path of the sleeve arm o¹¹, and formed with two shoulders between which the end
of the arm works to limit the swing of the bed.
The top surface of the guide bed for about half its width, and for a certain
distance in front of the supporting sleeve is arched or made convex, and slotted
longitudinally for the passage of two parallel gauge fingers h¹, which are mounted
upon a shaft j¹ held in hangers 4, 7, upon the under side of the bed. The shaft
forms the centre of the arc described by the raised surface of the bed, and the
fingers radiate from the shaft, so as to move through the slots in the arch with
their points projecting slightly above the same.
, are two parallel V
shaped ribs or rails secured to the bed in front and rear of the arch, and in line
with the slots therein, such slots and ribs being the same distance apart as the
grooves in the pressure roller; 81 is a gauge side arranged at the inner edge of the
guide bed, and composed of a band or strip which curves over the arch and forms
deep guides at the front and rear thereof. It is held in place by set screws 11
which are adjusted to regulate the position of the gauge sides for the purpose of
properly guiding the fillet q', with its tracks upon the ribs of the bed.
opposite or pressure side of the bed is composed of a strip u¹, having a series of
projections y upon its face, and set into a wide groove formed lengthwise in the
bed. It is held up near or against the side of the arch, so that its projections shall
bear against the fillet of paper by means of the bent spring c¹ placed behind it,
and secured to a block O at or near the outer edge of the bed.
The
The block is slotted for the passage of a set screw by which it is adapted for
adjustment to regulate the position of the guide and its pressure against the
paper. t is the cover hinged to the outer edge of the bed, and formed with a
slotted concavity terminating at each end in parallel grooves, to fit upon the arch
and ribs of the bed beneath. The gauge fingers extend into the slots of the con-
cavity to prevent the paper from slipping off their ends when in motion.
The hinges are composed of lateral arms g11 at the ends of the cover hung upon
pintles, formed upon blocks a secured to the outer edge of the bed. The ends
of the pressure bar are provided with loops w11, w, which extend around the
pintles of the hinges and rest upon the bed, so as to guide the pressure bar in its
movements to and from the paper. Pins or cams ell secured to the hinge arms g
project within the loops above the pintles, and when the cover is swung open by
its handle bear against the inner sides of the loops to move them back and
retract the pressure bar from the fillet of paper. This construction facilitates the
application and removal of the paper record because the act of opening the cover

page_text: draws back the pressure side and widens the space between it and the gauge
side S When the position of the pressure bar is changed by adjusting the
spring the guide loops are also changed with it, and may therefore be so placed
that the cams will have no effect to move them when the cover is opened. To
overcome this difficulty the pintle blocks are made adjustable by means of slots and
set screws, as shown in Figure 43, so that they may also be changed whenever the
position of the pressure bar is altered by the springs. The adjustment of the pintle
blocks is also necessary to compensate for wear of the loops and cams, and may in
such case be made without adjusting the springs. The outer edge of the cover is
formed with a series of lateral projections which fit between the projections on the
pressure side when the cover is closed for the purpose of preventing the edge of
the paper from curling up or wrinkling as it is drawn over the bed. The pressure
or weight of the cover upon the fillet of paper is regulated by a set screw 221111,
which passes down through a lateral plate or projection on the swinging edge of
the cover, and bears upon the arched top of the guide side S11, as shown in Figure 43.
The opening between the cover and the guide bed is the deepest at the rear end
where the paper enters, to afford room for the passage of the paper when two fillets
are pasted together at the ends.
The shaft of the gauge fingers is operated from the driving pulley D in the
following manner :-n is an inclined shaft having its bearings respectively in the
side of the upright A, and in a hanger o2 on the under side of the guide bed;
qand are beveled pinions mounted upon opposite ends of the shaft, the former
to engage with a beveled pinion m¹¹ on the end of the shaft j¹, and the latter with
a beveled gear wheel S¹ mounted upon a short stud in the side of the upright
beneath the driving pulley. Motion is communicated to the gear wheel from the
driving pulley by means of two friction wheels t¹ mounted upon a vertical shaft V',
so as to bear against the faces of the gear wheel and pulley between their
respective shafts. The friction wheels are clamped to their shaft between a fixed
plate, and a screw plate n by which means they can be readily applied and
removed when desired. The faces of the wheel and pulley are corrugated, notched,
or otherwise roughened in radial lines to prevent the friction wheels from slipping:
and to still further guard against such difficulty, and at the same time prevent
too much wear the friction wheels are made of leather, vulanized rubber, or other
yielding substance.
The shaft of the friction wheels works within a long tubular bearing w¹, which
to prevent it from turning is squared upon the outside and fitted within corre-
sponding recesses in the parallel arms y¹ secured to the side of the upright. Flat
springs attached to the parallel arms bear against the tubular bearings to hold
the friction wheels against the pulley and gear wheel, the degree of pressure being
controlled by set screws. The instrument is operated by a belt or band having
a frictional connection with a suitable motor, and passing around the grooved
driving pulley, so as to move it in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 41. Its motion
is communicated through the connections above described to the shaft j,.and moves
it and the gauge fingers in the opposite direction. The gauge fingers are held upon
the shaft independently of each other, being mounted upon friction sleeves $11
having a loose segmental gear between them. Each sleeve is composed of two
half boxes held upon the shaft by a spring til bent to embrace them, and which
is secured together at the ends by a screw n. By adjusting this screw the ends
of the spring are moved to and from each other for the purpose of regulating the
force with which the sleeves shall grasp the shaft.
When the fillet of paper containing the message slits to be produced in printed
characters is placed in the guide bed, the cover of the latter is shut down upon it
and the pressure roller released so as to hold it in contact with the feed cylinder.
The paper is arranged with the concave side of the parallel grooves fitting upon
the ribs of the bed, and the gauge side S adjusted up to its edge for guiding it
properly to the roller, and so that its slits shall register with the points of the gauge
fingers. The pressure bar is adjusted to bear against the opposite edge with
2

page_text: sufficient force to guide it without wrinkling. The gauge side and pressure bar
thus guide the paper to the pressure roller with its embossed tracks within the
parallel grooves thereof, and on the ribs of the bed for the purpose of ensuring the
proper registry of the slits with the gauge fingers. If the points of the fingers do
not accurately coincide with the slits they are further adjusted by set screws c
bearing against their sides, and held in the ends of arins a rising from the
friction sleeves. This guidance of the paper directs its tracks within the parallel
grooves of the pressure roller for the purpose of preserving the form of the tracks,
in order that the paper may be used as often as desired to reproduce the
message.
After the paper has been adjusted the instrument is set in motion to move it
over the bed. Its pressure is sufficient to overcome the force of the friction sleeves
S, and hold the points of the gauge fingers below the surface of the bed within
the slots at the front end of the arch. When, however, a slit in the paper presents
itself to the point of a gauge finger the pressure of the paper is removed, so that
the friction sleeve turns with the shaft j', and throws the gauge finger back to the
rear end of such slits, where it is again arrested by the paper, and moved forward
to its starting point. Thus the fingers are alternately thrown back, and carried
forward as the alternate rows of message slits present themselves, the length of
their backward throws being governed by the length of their slits for the purpose of
setting the type wheel, as I will presently describe.
It is essential that the force with which the friction sleeves grasp their shaft shall
not be strong enough to cause the fingers to tear the paper when thrown back to
the rear ends of the slits; and since the paper fillets may sometimes vary in
strength, or the speed of the machine increase the force of the fingers, the friction
sleeves are made adjustable, as above described, so that the fingers may be thrown
back with a force proportionate to the resisting strength of the paper at the ends
of the slits: A curved guide secured to the front upright A of the frame under
the feed cylinder serves to direct the slitted record out of the insinstrument. After a
slitted record has passed out of the guide bed it often occurs that the gauge fingers
have not been returned to the front of the arch; and inasmuch as their return to
such point is necessary before a new record can be applied to the guide bed, I have
provided the following means for effecting this result by operating the arm of the
pressure roller F-A bent lever is hung upon the end of a horizontal arm j
projecting inward from the upright A³ to a point near the gauge fingers; its hori-
zontal portion extends in front of such fingers, and the upper end of the upright
portion is connected by a long rod h² to the shaft or pin of the pressure roller. When
the arm of the pressure roller is moved away from the feed cylinder the connecting
rod moves the bent lever against the lower end of the gauge fingers to throw their
points to the front of the arch, as will be clearly understood by reference to Fig. 41.
The mechanism thus far described is employed solely for feeding and otherwise
manipulating the record containing the message slits, so that it shall be operated
upon by the mechanism for reproducing the message in printed characters, as I will
now proceed to describe.
A and A³ are uprights arranged upon the frame of the instrument, the former a
short distance in rear of the upright A, and the latter across the frame opposite the
upright A; P is a light type wheel mounted upon a shaft Q, having its bearings
in these two uprights near the top, and carrying a small pinion m¹, which engages
with the segmental gear 12 on the shaft of the gauge fingers. The segmental gear
carries a cross bar fat or near its rim of sufficient length to bear against the
rear edges of both gauge fingers.
When the fingers are at rest in front of the arch of the guide bed the type wheel
is also at rest with a blank space or type at the top, but when a finger is released
by the presentation thereto of a slit in the moving fillet of paper it presses against
the cross bar and bears back the segmental gear so as to turn the pinion m', and
with it the shaft and type wheel in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 41. The type
wheel continues to move until the finger is arrested at the rear end of the slit,

page_text: when it stops with the required type at the top in a position to print upon the
blank paper when the pressing mechanism is brought down upon it. After the
impression has been taken the paper at the end of the slit again moves forward the
gauge finger to the front of the arch, and the type wheel is turned back to its first
position by the influence of the suspended weight f upon the type wheel shaft.
This return movement also causes the pinion m¹ to carry back the segmental gear,
and hold the cross bar f in contact with the returning gauge finger, so that it shall
be in position to receive the action of the adjoining finger for again setting the
type wheel. The weight therefore serves the twofold purpose of holding the cross
bar up to the gauge fingers for setting the type wheel, and returning the latter after
it has been set. A spring however may be employed for this purpose instead of the
weight, if preferred. From this description it will be seen that the type wheel
starts always from the same point to bring the required type under the pressing
devices, and is returned to such point after the impression has been taken.
The type are arranged at regular intervals upon the wheel, and the distance the
latter must turn to bring the required letter under the pressing devices is governed
by the length of the message slit in the moving fillet of paper, or in other words
the gauge fingers are thrown back to different points, according to the length of
the slits, and therefore move the wheel a greater or less distance to bring the required
type uppermost under the pressing mechanism.
In placing the type upon the type wheel I have transposed the alphabet, and
followed the number of signs and the order of arrangement adopted in the recording
instrument for the purpose of harmonizing therewith, and so that the type wheel
shall move the shortest distance for the message symbol most frequently used, its
throws gradually increasing in length as the letters or symbols decrease in use. By
this means the type wheel may also be operated with great rapidity to print a
message accurately from the copy or slitted record fillet. A is a bracket arranged
upon the rear side of the upright A³ near the top, and provided with a horizontal
stud S projecting inward toward the upright A is the pressing or platen
cylinder borne immediately over the type wheel, and at right angles thereto by
means of a pin in the forward end of an arm a³, which in its turn is hung upon
the stud of the bracket. The bracket is slotted and adapted for adjustment by a
set screw to regulate the position of the platen cylinder with respect to the type
wheel. The cylinder is constructed with a series of flattened surfaces or platens
and with a row of circumferential teeth or spurs at each end of the platens. 2 is a
wide flat arm articulated upon the stud S, and formed with a concave front end to
fit up against the under side of the platen cylinder for the purpose of supporting and
holding the fillet of paper q, upon which the message is to be printed, in contact with
the platens while an impression is being taken. The concave end is slotted for the
passage of a type upon the wheel beneath, and is also grooved to receive the spurs
by which the paper and ink band are fed along. A spring attached to the stud and
to a projection on the side of the arm holds the latter up to the cylinder, and insures
the action of the spurs upon the paper. is the endless ink band passing around
the platen cylinder and its spurs, and around a roller mounted upon the frame of
the instrument in rear of the guide bed. The ink band is fed along upon the arm a³
over the plain fillet of paper q, which after receiving the impression of the type
wheel passes out of the instrument along a horizontal table secured to the front
of the upright A³ in line or nearly so with the arm a³, as shown. x and y are
reversed ratchet wheels or rows of ratchet teeth formed beside each other upon the
eud of the platen cylinder next the arm a³, and there are as many teeth in each
row as there are platens upon the cylinder.
The row is employed in connection with a spring pawl f³, d³, pivoted
immediately above it to upright A³, for the purpose of rotating the platen cylinder
to feed the ink band and fillet of paper over the type wheel, while the teeth of the
row y engage with the fixed pawl on the upright, to prevent the platen wheel
from being rotated to far by its momentum. A flat spring chung to the under
side of the arm a engages the ratchet wheel y² with its forward end, and prevents

page_text: the platen cylinders from rotating backward; this spring is held at the proper
distance from the arm to operate as a locking pawl by means of a short stud c on
the under side of such arm, as shown in Fig. 41. 3 is a cam shaft having its
bearings in the uprights A2, A3, at some distance below the shaft of the type wheel;
it is employed to move the printing platen down upon the type wheel, and to apply
a brake to the driving pulley, for the purpose of stopping the movement of the
slitting fillet while an impression is being taken upon the printed fillet. 'j³ is a cam
secured to the end of the shaft 13 under the pressing mechanism, and h³ is an
upright rod mounted upon the cam by an eccentric band h, with its upper end
entering a socket g³ hung upon the inner end of a pin z which carries the platen
cylinder. The socket and rod are connected by a spring coiled around the latter,
so that when the cam shaft is rotated the platen cylinder will be vibrated vertically
over the type wheel, the arms a³, turning freely on the stud Så for this
purpose.
As
When the longest radius of the cam is underneath the shaft the rod and socket
are separated somewhat, and the tension of the spring pulls down the platen cylinder
to press the ink band and paper against the letters of the type wheel; the printing
is therefore done by the force of the spring at each revolution of the cam shaft.
the cylinder is moved up by the rotation of the shaft, and just before it reaches the
limit of its upward throw, a tooth of the ratchet x encounters the spring pawl da
and rotates the cylinder the distance of one tooth and platen, as above stated,
thereby causing the spurs to feed along the ink band and paper to receive the next
impression of type. m³ is another cam fixed upon the opposite end of the shaft 73
to support the lower forked end of an inclined brake or stop bar n³. The forward
or upper end of this bar fits and works within an inclined groove in the side of the
front upright A under the feed cylinder B, and carries at its extremity an adjustable
stop which nearly touches the projecting shaft of the pressure roller F, when the
latter is in contact with the feed cylinder. An adjustable brake v³ is also attached
to the bar, and is curved around to the opposite side of the upright, so that its
shoe shall occupy a position just under and slightly to the rear of the driving
pulley B.
The forward end of the brake is guided and supported by a notch in the rear end
of the upper arm y, or in any other proper and convenient way. The two cams j³
and m³ are so arranged upon their shaft that when under the influence of the
former the printing devices are making an impression upon the paper, the latter
will throw the brake against the driving pulley and prevent its further rotation;
this stops the movement of the slitted paper fillet, and therefore the movement of
the gauge fingers and type wheel, until the impression has been completed. The
periphery of the driving pulley may be roughened, if desired, to render the action
of the brake more certain. When the brake is applied the stop 3 moves out the
pressure roller F from contact with the paper, and prevents the possibility of
any failure in arresting the movement of the latter at the proper instant. One of
these stopping devices might perhaps be dispensed with without impairing the
efficiency of the instrument, but I prefer to employ them both, to prevent accidents
in case one should fail to perform its office.
The brake and stop are made adjustable to compensate for wear, and to enable
them to be brought into action at the proper time. is a time shaft having its
bearings in the uprights A2 and As between the cam shaft and the shaft of the type
wheel, and b is an upright arm secured to the time shaft beneath the type wheel.
The upper end of the arm carries a pivoted pawl a¹ to engage with a row of
adjusting teeth o¹ on the side of the type wheel equaling in number the type on
the periphery. The point of the pawl is held up to the teeth by a spring a secured
to the time shaft in any convenient manner, and the extent of its upward movement
is limited by a stop cat the top of the pawl arm.
The time shaft is further constructed beside the pawl arm with a transverse open
frame of quadrangular shape, which tips forward and back when the shaft is
oscillated. The front surfaces of the forward and rear sides of the frame form stops

page_text: or detents and w³ respectively for the long radial detent arm 0% secured to the
cam shaft beneath. The point of the detent arm rests against the forward stop
when the time shaft is stationary.
The cam shaft and time shaft are driven by the same motor that moves the
driving pulley, and its power is communicated to them by means of belts or bands
running over pulleys 93,, attached to friction sleeves thereon. The pulleys and
sleeves rotate continuously in opposite directions, as shown by the arrows in Figure
41, and grasp their shafts with sufficient frictional force to rotate them also, excepting
when they are locked by the stopping or detaining devices. When this occurs the
friction sleeves turn on the shafts so that their rotation is unimpeded. The friction
sleeves are each composed of two half boxes, held together upon the shaft by bolts
and nuts, and by springs S3 surrounding the bolts. By moving the nuts the tension
of the springs is adjusted to regulate the force with which the sleeves shall grasp
the shafts. The pulley is made in two parts, one being a flat disc secured firmly
to the friction sleeve, and the other a shallow drum or barrel mounted loosely upon
the sleeve, and containing a coiled spring. One end of the spring is secured to the
drum and the other to the disc, so that when the cam shaft is stationary and tho
drum is moved by the driving belt it will wind up the spring until its tension over-
comes the frictional force of the sleeve and causes the latter to turn also. When the
detent arin o³ of the cam shaft is released by the stops of the time shaft the force of
the coiled spring throws the shaft cams and arm rapidly round and thus insures
their prompt action without expending the power of the motor which would other-
wise be required to drive the belt, and, therefore, the shaft and its attachments, at
the proper speed.
The operation of the instrument to produce a printed message is as follows:-The
slitted record is first set in motion over the guide bed, as above described, and the
plain fillet laid upon the spring arm over the type wheel and under the ink band
and pressing cylinder. As the moving record fillet presents a slit to one or the
other of the gauge fingers the latter is thrown back to the rear end of the slit, as
already stated, thereby turning the type wheel to bring the type, which corresponds
to the slit, up under the plain fillet beneath the pressing cylinder. When the typo
wheel moves it bears back the spring pawl at and pawl arm bt to oscillate the time
shaft and release the detent arm o³ from the front stop v³, so that the cam shaft
shall be turned by its driving force and throw the point of the detent arm o³ against
the rear stop w³. At the instant the type wheel stops the point of the spring pawl
just clears the side teeth, thus allowing the time shaft to be tipped forward by its
driving force, and again throw forward the pawl to engage the teeth further under
the wheel. The forward tip of the time shaft clears the rear stop w³ from the
detent arm and permits the cam shaft to revolve so that its cams m³, ³, shall simul-
taneously, as near as may be, apply the brake to the driving pulley B for stopping
the feed of the slitted paper and bring down the pressing cylinder to bear the plain
fillet upon the type for taking the impression. The cam shaft rotates until the
detent arm is again arrested by contact with the front stop v³, which is thrown
down when the time shaft is tipped to clear the detent arm and stop w³. The
oscillations of the time shaft are limited by an inclined plate attached by a set
screw to the side of the upright A³ immediately over the stops v³, w³.
By varying the inclination of the plate the oscillations of the time shaft are also
varied to adjust the throw of the spring pawl with respect to the type wheel. As
soon as the impression is taken the rotation of the cam shaft carries round the
cams m³, 3, the first to release the brake and unlock the driving pulley B, so that
the slitted fillet of paper may continue its forward movement over the guide
bed, and the second to throw up the pressing devices, feed the printing fillet of
paper forward, and release the type wheel, in order that it may be returned to its
first position by the weight, as herein-before described. In the return movement of
the type wheel its side teeth strike the point of the locking pawl a', which, owing to
its supporting spring, yields readily for their passage. Thus at each oscillation of the
time shaft, and each corresponding revolution of the cam shaft the type wheel is

page_text: set, the slitted fillet stopped, and the impression taken upon the plain fillet simul-
taneously or in rapid succession, the pressing cylinder lifted from the type wheel,
the slitted fillet of paper again set in motion, the printing fillet fed forward, and the
type wheel returned to its first position. In other words, the type wheel is set, the
impression taken upon the plain fillet of paper, and the various parts returned to
their first positions ready to repeat the operation, when another slit in the record
fillet releases a gauge finger.
When the printing devices are pressed down to do the printing a short correcting
tooth von the under side of the spring arm enters between the two top teeth on
the side of the type wheel, for the purpose of locking it into position and causing it
to register accurately with the platens of the pressing cylinder. This provision is
for the purpose of insuring a correct impression of the type.
The speed at which the slitted record is fed over the guide bed is practically the
same under all circumstances, but the speed of the shaft must be adjusted relative
to the feed of the slitted record for the purpose of securing the proper throw of the
gauge fingers to set the type wheel.. The speed of this shaft is first gauged to the
standard length of the slits made in the first produced record, i.e., the record made by
the recording instrument herein-before referred to. If, however, from any cause the
standard length of the slits is varied, the speed of the shaft must be correspondingly
varied; for example, if the slits become shortened the gauge fingers when thrown
back by the shaft encounter the rear end of the slits before the type wheel has had
time to bring up the corresponding type into position for printing. This variation
in the standard slits necessitates a slight increase in the speed of the shaft, in order
that the gauge fingers may be thrown back a little quicker to meet the rear ends of
the slits. When the slits become lengthened beyond the standard, the gauge
fingers throw the type wheel too far and the speed of the shaft j' must therefore be
decreased.
To regulate the speed of the shaft j¹ the friction wheels t¹ are adjusted vertically
upon the faces of the grooved pulley D and the gear wheel S', so as to take the motion
of the former at any suitable point between its centre and circumference, and
transmit it to the latter in the same manner. This adjustment is effected by the
following mechanism :-¹ is a cross rock shaft having its bearings in blocks f, 11,
at the rear of the instrument behind the guide bed sleeve, and carrying at its outer
end a long horizontal arm 711 extending forward under the gear wheel S₁. This
arın is connected by a vertical rod b₁ to a second and shorter horizontal arm pl
pivoted at its rear end to the upright A2, and jointed at its front end to the centre
of the tubular bearing W₁; K is a stop bar rising from the inner end of the rock
shaft, just behind an upright q attached to the bearing f; o is a flat spring
fastened at its lower end to the front side of the stop bar about inidway thereof;
m is a long flat metal strip secured to the top of the spring or forming a con-
tinuation of the same, and terminating at its upper end in a beveled gauge point,
which projects through a longitudinal slot in the gauge side of the guide bed at the
rear end, as shown in Fig. 41.
The spring gauge point is arranged to move edgewise through the slot in line
with a beveled gauge point il attached to the side of the guide bed, and adapted
for adjustment by means of a slot and set screw, as shown. The beveled edges of
the gauge points are set opposite each other, so that their outer edges shall form
latches to bear against the opposite ends of a slit in the record fillet when such slit
is hooked over them.
Instead of arranging the two gauge points in or upon the guide bed, they may be
placed upon the frame of the instrument beside the guide bed or at any other
convenient point.
The gauge point m¹ is adjusted with respect to the gauge point by means of
a set screw 11 passing through the stop bar to bear its point against the
upright A spring coiled about the rock shaft and secured at one end to
the frame of the instrument, holds the set screw against the upright q, and
prevents the parallel arms 11, p₁₁, from being casually moved up to displace the

page_text: 111
friction wheels. When the speed of the shaft j¹ is to be adjusted by this mechanism
one end of the longest slit in the record fillet is hooked over the gauge point i¹, the
point m is then placed within the slib and adjusted up to its opposite end by the
set screw 1, the spring of the gauge point preventing the paper from being torn
by the back of the point in case the stop bar is moved too far from the upright q.
To afford nicety of adjustment and to relieve the tension. of the spring, a set
screw is employed passing through the top of the stop bar, and bearing against
the back of the spring, as shown in Fig. 41. The operation of the set screw pill
moves the stop bar with respect to the upright q, and through the connecting
devices raises or lowers the friction wheels upon the driving pulley B and gear
wheel S¹ to change the speed of the latter, and therefore the speed of the shaft j',
and its gauge fingers proportionally. Thus the variation in the standard length of
the slits furnishes the guide for adjusting the speed of the shaft j' relative to the
speed of the driving pulley, for the purpose of securing the proper throw of the
gauge fingers within such slits to set the type wheel.
Instead of employing the set screw p₁ and coiled spring to adjust the gauge
point m, right and left set screws may be arranged in the stop bar and upright
for this purpose, and in place of the several arms for communicating the motion of
the rock shaft to the friction wheels a single arm may be arranged upon the rock
shaft to connect with the tubular bearing of such wheels in any convenient way.
It may happen that from inadvertance in the original construction of the instru-
ment, and from the wear of the parts, more particularly the friction wheels, the
adjustment of the gauge points produces a movement of the friction wheels slightly
more or less than is required. In such case the connecting rod is adjusted by
any suitable means upon the parallel arms p, 211, so as to increase or diminish the
movement of the friction wheels when operated by the gauge points, and thereby
cause the movement of the latter to produce precisely the required adjustment of
the driving wheel. A represents a pair of shears attached to the top of the
upright As over the type wheel between the printing devices and the guide table q
for the purpose of severing the printed record from the plain fillet of paper.
plates of the shears are held apart, so that the fillet may travel between them by
a spring q connecting the lower plate with the set screw 97, as shown in dotted lines
in Fig. 42 near the foot of the upright. The spring also serves to throw open the
blade again after it has been closed by the operator to cut off the record. A second
spring 9 connects the handle of the lower blade with a set screw qº in the side of
the guide table for the purpose of holding such blade up to the stationary blade
and insure the proper action of their cutting edges.
The
By adjusting the set screws the tension of the two springs is preserved to render
the blades certain in their action at all times. The paper fillets for both the
original and reproduced records are prepared for use by treating them with an
extra sizing of glue to prevent their from being torn by the knives during the slit-
ting operation.
Having now described my Invention, and the manner and means to carry the
same into effect, I wish to have it understood that I do not wish to limit myself to
the exact details as herein-before described and shown in the Drawing, as the same
may be varied without departing from the peculiar nature of the said Invention,
but what I do claim according to the first division of said Invention is,--
1st. The system of harmonized mechanism constituting a complete electric telegraph
composed of an instrument by which the written messages received at a
station are recorded in a fillet of paper to be used as the medium for
automatically transmitting the messages from one station to another, the
batteries and insulated wires constituting the line or lines, a sending instru-
ment adapted in connection with the record fillet to automatically transmit
to the receiving station message signals corresponding to the record signs
of the fillet, a receiving instrument adapted to receive such electric signals,
and thereby automatically produce at the receiving station an exact fac
simile of the original record fillet at the sending station, and mechanism

page_text: adapted to receive such reproduced record fillet, and therefrom automatically
produce a dispatch for delivery printed in ordinary typographic characters."
1. The combination of two or more telegraph lines having harmonized auto-
matic sending, receiving, and reproducing instruments, substantially as
described, whereby either an original record fillet or a reproduced record fillet
of one line can be used equally well to automatically operate any other
line. And
The mode or process of transmitting intelligence to a distance over a succession
of telegraph lines, substantially as herein-before described, that is to say, by first
producing at the sending station a record of the dispatch to be transmitted;
Second, automatically transmitting electric impulses along the line to the
receiving station by means of the message fillet or record produced as
aforesaid; third, automatically reproducing at the receiving station of a line
by means of said electric impulses a fuc simile of the record at the sending
station; fourth, using at the proper receiving stations the successively
reproduced records to automatically transmit the message over each suc-
ceeding line until the final delivery station is reached; and fifth, using the
reproduced record at such station to automatically print the message in
ordinary typographic characters for delivery.
And what I claim according to the 2d division of my Invention, reference
g had to Figs. 3 to 9 inclusive, is,―
t. The record of a telegraph message, consisting of a narrow fillet of paper in
which are cut two parallel rows of slits arranged to be read alternately from
one row to the other, and indicating by their length the letters of the
alphabet and other message symbols, substantially as described.
The record prepared for transmittal having two parallel tracks or grooves
formed in the line of the message slits, as described.
A series of graduated finger keys, whose depression causes a fillet of paper to
be moved intermittingly over two knives which are alternately projected
through it to form the record slits, as described.
h. A motor independent of the finger keys for moving the paper and reciprocating
the knives when the keys are operated, as set forth.
1. Controlling the slits in the paper by means of stops on the finger keys so that
each slit shall indicate a letter or other symbol corresponding to that of the
key which is operated to produce it, as described.
h. Controlling the distance between the beginning of one slit in the fillet of
paper and the beginning of the next slit in the adjoining row by means of
stops on the finger keys, as described.
h. Controlling the operation of the slitting knives by means of an escapement
adapted to be set in motion through the movements of the finger keys, for
the purpose specified.
1. The combination of two alternately reciprocating slitting knives adapted to
puncture a strip of paper in two parallel rows, for the purpose of recording
telegraph messages as described.
a. The slitting knives, whose operations are controlled from the finger keys
through the medium of the reciprocating rock bar and sliding stop bar, as
described.
. The feeding mechanism operated from the finger keys through the medium
of a reciprocating rack bar, substantially as described.
a. The combination of a differential rack bar and a sliding stop bar, with the
graduated finger keys for operating the feeding and recording mechanism,
as described.
The rack bar and sliding stop bar, having each a differential throw to govern
the feed of the paper and the movements of the slitting knives, as set forth.
The combination of the rack bar with the graduated finger keys, as set
forth.

page_text: 14th. The combination of the feeding mechanism and recording mechanism to
operate in unison for producing the record, substantially as described.
15th. The escapement of the slitting knives combined with the differential rack bar,
substantially as described.
16th. The combination of the sliding stop bar C₁ and the rock shaft O with the
main driving shaft B, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
17th. The main shaft B and the rock shaft O united to each other, and the stop
bar by a spring connection which is sufficiently strong to oscillate the
rock shaft and throw forward the stop bar when the main shaft is rotated
but which will yield to permit the complete rotation of the driving shaft if
the stop bar is arrested by the finger keys before reaching its maximum
throw, substantially as described.
18th. The combination of the shaft B and friction sleeve E, to which power is
applied for driving the main shaft, substantially as described.
19th. The driving sleeve E adapted to grasp the main shaft B with sufficient
frictional force to overcome the spring connection between the shaft and
stop bar when the latter is arrested in its forward movement, and to
continue its rotation when the main shaft ceases to move, substantially as
described.
20th. The frictional sleeve adapted for adjustment to grasp the main shaft with
greater or less force, substantially as described and for the purposes set
forth.
21st. The combination of the sliding stop bar with the graduated finger keys and
detent lever, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
22d. The stop bar having its throw adjustable, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
23d. The coiled spring W upon the rock shaft combined with the loose sleeve O¹
and one of the arms of the sliding stop bar, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
24th. The coiled spring W adapted for adjustinent to regulate its tension by means
of the collar X upon the sleeve O¹, substantially as described.
25th. The combination of the forked detent lever with the finger keys and
driving shaft, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
26th. The combination of the cams I, Z, with the driving shaft B and the
forked end of the detent lever ¹¹i, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
27th. The combination of the rack bar f" with the rack shaft O and main shaft B,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
28th. The rack bar f" connected to the rock shaft O by means of the arm V and
pivoted rod i, as described.
29th. The arm N connected to the driving shaft, combined with the arm V, con-
nected to the rack bar for the purpose of moving the latter downward in
proportion to the throw of the stop bar, substantially as described.
30th. The combination of the arm T with the arm N and its connections to move
up the rack bar, as set forth.
31st. The connecting rod M. adapted for adjustment within the arm N, substantially
as described and for the purposes specified.
32d. The arms T, N, adapted for adjustment to and from each other, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
33d. The rack bar having its throw adjustable, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
34th. The combination of the sliding stop bar and the reciprocating rack bar,
with the rock shaft, the main driving shaft, and the friction sleeve, sub-
stantially as described.
35th. The combination of the graduated finger keys, the detent lever 11, the stop
bar, the rack bar, and the rock shatt O, with the main driving shaft and
its friction sleeve, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

page_text: 6th. The arrangement of the alphabet and other message symbols upon the
graduated stops of the finger keys, so that the stop bar and rack bar
will move the shortest distance for the most frequently occurring letter,
the length of their strokes being gradually and uniformly increased in pro-
portion to the decrease in the occurrence of the letters used, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
7th. The keyboard of the instrument composed of three banks of keys divided into
a right and left-hand section, substantially as described.
Sth. The guide boards combined with the keys for guiding the fingers of the
operator so that he can look up to read a message while manipulating the
keys, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
9th. The keys provided with suitable stops to arrest the stop bar at graduated
distances in its forward movements, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
Oth. The graduated keys having the stop letters of designation duplicated in the
same order upon their finger ends, substantially as described:
1st. The horizontal guide bed M for the fillet of paper mounted upon the spindle
in the rear of the finger keys so as to swing laterally, substantially as de-
scribed for the purposes specified.
2d. The guide bed held in line with the feeding mechanism by a yielding con-
nection, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
3d. The connecting spring 21 adapted for adjustment by means of the pin q¹¹,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4th. The adjustable stop combined with the case of the instrument and
arranged within the path of the sleeve arm o¹ to regulate the lateral swing
of the guide bed, substantially as described.
5th. The paper reel combined with the guide bed for the purpose of conforming to
its movements in presenting the paper to the feeding devices, substantially
as described.
6th. The combination of the feeding devices with the paper reel to feed the paper
intermittingly, as set forth.
7th. The paper reel and feeding mechanism arranged to deliver the paper upon the
guide bed over the slitting knives in proportion to the length of the message
slits required, substantially as described.
8th. The combination of the spring lever and friction brake S with the
paper reel and guide bed, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
9th. The intermediate guide X combined with the guide bed and guide loop vll,
as and for the purposes specified.
Oth. The guide bed constructed with the adjustable gauge side S", the adjustable
spring pressure bar, and the transverse arms 2011, 11, substantially as
described for the purposes specified.
1st. The hinged cover of the guide bed arranged to throw back the guide arms
,, when opened, substantially as described for the purposes set forth.
2d. The outer edge of the cover formed with the recesses 1,,, to prevent
the outer edge of the paper from folding up as it passes over the guide bed,
substantially as described.
3d.
The slotted guide blocks combined with the guide bed, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
4th. The slotted guide blocks fin combined with the cover of the guide bed and
adapted for adjustment with respect to the guide blocks 2, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
5th. The combination of the embossing rollers or styles with the slotted guide
blocks f to form parallel grooves in the fillet of paper by pressing it down
under the weight of the cover within the grooves of the guide blocks 1², sub-
stantially as described.
6th. The yielding anvils combined with the blocks f³, substantially as described
and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 7th. The clitting knives combined with the guide bed and guide blocks f³, sub-
stantially as described.
Sth. The slitting knives supported by the eccentric bars from the escapement
shaft V, substantially as described.
9th. The eccentric bars guided within the blocks by means of the slots and
pins S, substantially as described.
Oth. The slitting knives adapted for reversal and adjustment upon the eccentric
bars, substantially as described.
1st. The escapement consisting of the shaft to which the power is applied,
the detent pins all, and the forked lever h² operated by the rack
bar, substantially as described.
2d. The forked lever of the escapement having its inner end held upward to
engage the upper tooth with the uppermost detent pins by means of the
adjustable spring, substantially as described.
3d. The stop attached to the sleeve of the guide bed and combined with
the forked escapement lever to limit its upward throw, substantially as
described.
4th. The forked lever of the escapement having its lower arm extended within the
path of a stop on the rack bar, substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
5th. The arrangement of the escapement to throw up a knife at each reciprocation
of the rack bar, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
6th. The eccentric or escapement shaft driven from the shaft ol
through the
medium of the gearing n¹, w1111, substantially, as described.
7th. The combination of a driving friction collar with the driving shaft ol of
the escapement, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
Sth. The combination of the shaft o with the friction collar 8111, the loose
sleeve, the drum 71111, the coiled spring, and the gear u¹¹, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
1111
9th. The toothed feed cylinder constructed with parallel grooves and arranged
in line with the recording devices, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
Oth. The adjustable spring pressure roller combined with the feed cylinder, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose set forth.
1st. The combination of the ratchet wheel o¹, the loose pinion and moving pawl,
with the rack bar and feed cylinder, for the purpose of rotating the latter
when the rack bar is moved up, substantially as described.
2d. The combination of the spring pawl with the ratchet wheel o¹, to prevent
backward movement of the feed cylinder when the moving pawl ceases to
act, substantially as described.
3d. A locking mechanisin adapted to be thrown into operation at the termina-
tion of each upward throw of the rack bar for the purpose of preventing
the feed cylinder from being carried too far by its inomentum, substantially
as described.
4th. The combination of the ratchet wheel p₁ and angular toothed lever 21 with
the rack bar and feed cylinder, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
5th. The combination with the angular toothed lever of a spring 11 to receive
the action of an adjustable stop w¹ and the rack bar, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
6th. The combination of a stop y¹ with the spring of a toothed locking lever, sub-
stantially as and for the purposespecified.
7th. The combination of the curved guide with the uprights of the frame to
guide the paper out of the instrument, substantially as described.
8th. A rack bar holding a series of telegraph messages, connected by suitable
mechanism with one of the finger keys of the recording instrument, so
that the operation of such key shall successively expose the messages to

page_text: view and then remove them to one side out of the way, substantially as
described.
9th. The combination of the inclined message rack with the case of the recording
instrument, substantially as described.
0th. The combination of the sliding bars a, b, with the inclined bed aº, such
bars being united by a removable connection, substantially as described.
1st. The sliding bar 6 constructed with teeth to receive the action of the pinion s
for feeding forward the messages, substantially as described..
32d. The pivoted hand lever be forining one of the bearings of the pinion shaft b7
for the purpose of connecting and disconnecting the pinion and rack bar b
substantially as described.
3d. The reversed ratchet wheels on the pinion shaft 7 in combination with the
pawls of the bent arm of the finger key for rotating the feeding pinion,
substantially as described.
4th. The message holding fingers a pivoted to the upper edge of the sliding
bar a, so as to hold the messages folded upon each other and resting on the
inclined table, substantially as described.
35th. The message holding fingers at provided each with a point a which, when the
message bar is fed along the table, strikes against the stop a¹5 and turns the
finger over so as to move the uppermost message out of the way, and expose
the one under it to the view of the operator, substantially as described.
6th. The message fingers adapted for operation from a finger key by suitable
intervening mechanism, as described.
7th. The sliding message bar a adapted for removal from the inclined table,
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
8th. The combination of a pair of shears with the recording mechanism for
cutting off the recorded messages from the fillet of paper, substantially as
described.
"
39th. The shears adapted for operation from one of the finger keys of the recording
instrument as described.
0th. The fixed blade 98 of the shears, arranged under the loop 9º of the curved
paper guide, so that its cutting edge shall lie on or behind the plane of the
guide, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
1st. The pivoted cutting blade g" pivoted to one of the uprights of the frame, so
as to swing over the fixed blade gs, substantially as described.
2d. The combination of the pivoted crank lever with the pivoted shear blade
and the upturned end of the operation finger key, substantially as described
for the purposes specified.
3d. The combination of the coiled spring g10 with the pivoted shear blade and the
crank lever, to hold such blade down upon the fixed blade, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
And according to the third division of my Invention, reference being had to
Figures 10 to 40 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings, what I claim is,-
1st. In clectric telegraphs the system of communicating message symbols by means
of straight slits in a fillet of paper arranged alternately in two parallel
lines, each slit representing a symbol distinguishable by its length from the
other symbols.
2d. The mode or method of automatically transmitting electric telegraph symbols
by alternate reversed currents sent through the main wire by the vibrations
of a local circuit changer operated by a moving fillet of paper containing two
parallel rows of message slits, substantially as described.
3d. The automatic transmission of telegraph symbols by alternate electric currents
induced in the main wire by a moving fillet of paper containing two parallel
rows of message slits, through which two track fingers alternately drop as the
paper moves to operate a local vibratory circuit changer, substantially as
described.

page_text: The mode or method of automatically reproducing electric telegraph symbols
by the alternate reciprocations of two slitting knives through a fillet of
paper moving over them, the length of the slits corresponding with the
period of time each knife is in turn held through the paper, and the duration
of the respective throws continuing until the track fingers change at the
transmitting station, so that the slits reproduced in the fillet of paper at the
receiving station shall be fac similes of those forming the record at the trans-
mitting station, substantially as described.
Controlling the electric currents induced in the main line through the medium
of the moving record and vibratory circuit changer by the length of the
message slits in the record, so that the length of time between each current
will exactly correspond to the distance between the beginning of one slit and
the beginning of the next adjoining slit in the opposite row, substantially as
described.
The transmitting and reproducing mechanism of an automatic telegraph
apparatus operated from the same driving shaft by two fillets of paper
moving at equal speed, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The feeding mechanism for the transmitting and reproducing devices, mounted
upon the same driving shaft, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
The toothed feed cylinders D, E, each constructed with two parallel peripheral
grooves, the grooves in one being the same distance apart as those in the
other, substantially as described for the purpose specified."
The driving shaft B having its bearings upon the friction wheels mounted
upon a countershaft beneath it, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
1. The shaft B driven by two friction collars or other surfaces mounted thereon,
so as to clamp the hub of the driving wheel or other motor between then,
and transmit its motion to the shaft, substantially as described.
. The combination of a governor with the friction collars for the purpose of
controlling the speed of the shaft by regulating the frictional contact of the
covers with the hub of the driving wheel, substantially as described.
. The governor consisting of the crossed ball levers G pivoted to the driving
shaft, the bent spring H, and the adjusting springs J, J, substantially as
described.
. The governor connected to the friction collar P by means of the links L, L,
the connecting rod M, and the pin Q, the links and connecting rod extending
longitudinally within the hollow driving shaft, substantially as described.
. The toggle joint formed by the combination of the connecting rod and links L
with the governor levers, substantially as described.
. The combination of the ring P¹ and pivoted pins R with the friction collar P,
to prevent the guide pin Q from binding within the slot of the driving shaft
when the collar P is moved by the governor, substantially as described.
. The combination of the soft washers g, g, with the friction collars P, i, on the
line of the driving wheel, substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
The friction collar i held upon the end of the driving shaft so as to bear
against the outer end of the driving wheel hub, substantially as described.
The friction collar i adapted for adjustment to regulate the pressure of the
wheel hub against the friction collar P, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
The combination of the bent springs H with the governor to counterbalance
the centrifugal force of the balls when in motion until the driving shaft has
reached or nearly reached the speed required for feeding the fillets of paper
in transmitting and reproducing a message, substantially as described.
The bent springs H of the governor adapted for adjustment by suitable means
to regulate the centrifugal force necessary for throwing out the governor

page_text: balls, and thereby determining the required speed of the driving shaft to feed
the paper, substantially as described.
The auxiliary springs J, J, combined with the bent springs of the governor,
and adapted for adjustment to determine the force required in excess of the
bent springs to counterbalance the centrifugal force of the governor balls
which is necessary for disconnecting the friction collars from the driving
wheel hub, substantially as described.
The governor levers having an equalized movement upon opposite sides of
the driving shaft for the purpose specified.
The combination of the racks N, N, and pinion K" with the governor levers
and driving shaft for equalizing the movements of the governor levers, sub-
stantially as described.
The arms H2 combined with the driving shaft to limit the outward throw of
the governor levers, substantially as described.
The combination of the oscillating rock shaft of the electro-magnets Du
with the driving wheel of the shaft B, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
The magnet D, having its covers constructed as described to permit a
long oscillation of the permanent magnet S between them, for the purpose
specified.
Changing the polarity of the magnet D11111 to rotate the driving wheel con-
tinuously by means of a circuit changer mounted upon the hub thereof,
and brought into operation when the wheel revolves, substantially as
described.
The circuit changer, consisting of the grooved whole and half bands b, b¹, c, c¹,
mounted upon the insulated sleeve of the driving wheel hub, combined
with the conducting rollers a, a, a, a³, having electric communication with
the battery and the helix of the magnet Du, substantially as described.
The grooved half bands c¹, c, separated from each other upon the sleeve of the
wheel hub, and joined one to the whole bands b, the other to the whole
band b, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The conducting rollers a, a¹, a², a³, supported upon the joints w, w¹, w², w³,
by the upright arms y², so as to hold the rollers a, a¹, within the grooves of
the bands c, b, upon one side the wheel hub, and the rollers a², a³, within
the grooves of the bands b, c, upon the opposite side of the hub, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
The insulating eveners a combined with the upright arms y² to connect each
pair upon opposite sides of the wheel hub, substantially as described.
The combination of the spring a" with the insulating eveners to draw the
upright arins towards the wheel hub, for the purpose of holding the con-
ducting rollers with equal force within the grooved bands, substantially as
described.
The combination of an electric governor with the driving wheel for the purpose
of equalizing and regulating the speed of the driving shaft to feed the
fillets of paper in transmitting and reproducing a message, substautially as
described.
The combination of an oscillating electric governor with the driving wheel,
substantially as described.
The combination of a resistance coil with the electric governor to prevent
unecessary waste of the battery force required to operate the driving shaft,
substantially as described.
The arrangement of the resistance coil upon the driving wheel, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
The electric governor, consisting of the ring ², provided with two governor
balls, and the supporting arms a², a³, forming a rock shaft, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.

page_text: The electric governor mounted upon the face of the driving wheel by mean
of its insulated rock shaft, substantially as described.
. The electric governor mounted upon the face of the driving wheel, so as to
stand at an angle therewith when at rest, substantially as described and for
the purpose specified.
The combination of the insulated conducting springs V, V, with the driving
wheel, substantially as described.
The combination of the roller with one of the balls of the oscillating
governor, substantially as described.
The combination of the oscillating electric governor with the driving wheel
and resistance coil thereon to throw the latter into and out of the circuit
through the driving magnet Dш, for the purpose of maintaining the
driving wheel at a uniform velocity without exceeding the maximum
quantity of battery. force required for operating the driving shaft, sub-
stantially as described.
The combination of the inner spring V with the whole and half bands on the
hub of the driving wheel and with the governor ring, for the purpose of
forming a circuit from the battery to the driving magnet when the driving
wheel is moving at such low speed as to carry the governor roller x in
contact with the spring, substantially as described.
h. The combination of the resistance coil and the outer spring v¹ with the inner
spring and its connections to send the current through the resistance coil
when the driving wheel is moving at such high speed as to carry the governor
roller in contact with the spring v³, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
h. The combination of the spring 11 with the driving wheel and electric
governor, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
b. The holder o pivoted to the driving wheel to press the governor roller out-
ward in contact with the inner spring v, and thus close the circuit from the
battery to the magnet for the purpose of starting the driving wheel, in
motion, substantially as described.
h. The holder o adapted to be automatically turned back from the governor
roller by means of a trip or stop 21, with which it comes in contact when
the wheel rotates, substantially as described.
h. The trip or stop u pivoted to a short upright u¹ of the frame, and weighted
at one end to hold it out of operation until moved into the path of the holder
by the operator, substantially as described.
h. In the transmitting instrument the combination of an adjustable pressure
roller with the grooved feed cylinder, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
h. In the transmitting instrument, the combination of a feed cylinder with the
guide bed and track fingers for the purpose of drawing the fillet of paper
containing the record over the bed to operate the track fingers, substantially
as described.
In the transmitting instrument, the combination with a circuit changer C¹¹ of
a circuit breaker y, having electric connection with the local battery, so
that when the paper is moving over the circuit breaker a current from the
battery will be sent through the reproducing magnet, the calling-in magnet,
and the primary helice of the induction coil to induce alternate reversed
message currents in the main wire, substantially as described.
The combination of track fingers or other devices for vibrating the circuit
changer to reverse the currents in the main line while the fillet of paper is
drawn over the guide bed of the transmitting instrument, substantially as
described.
The circuit changer C₁ combined with the guide bed of the transmitting
instrument, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
h. The circuit changer articulated to the under side of the guide bed, and formed
D

page_text: with a rock bar 611 across its hub to receive the alternate action of the
track fingers, substantially as described for tho purpose specified.
The combination of the circuit changer Cu with the two anvils gl, gl, which
are separately connected to the local battery of a station by wires 10, 10,
passing through the reproducing and calling-in magnets and the primary
helices of the induction coil, substantially as described.
The two anvils g, g, supported by pendant arm 6111 upon opposite
sides of the circuit changer, as described.
The two anvils gl, gl, adapted for adjustment upon the pendant arms 6111,
substantially as described.
The anvils g, g1111, having electric connection with the stems of the eccentric
anvils of the reproducing magnet, substantially as described.
The combination of the permanent magnetic bar g with the soft iron ring,
which forms the lower termination of the circuit changer C for the purpose
of preventing the recoil or rebound of the latter when it is thrown in contact
with its anvils by the track fingers, substantially as described.
The magnetic bar g supported within the soft iron ring of the circuit
changer C by means of the arm on the under side of the guide bed,
substantially as described.
The guide beds O" and 7 swiveled or pivoted to the frame of the instrument,
so as to have a lateral swing controlled by a yielding connection for the
purpose of compensating for irregularities in the movements of the paper
fillets to the feed cylinders, substantially as described.
The supports for the guide beds, consisting of the tubular bearings fitting
over upright shafts mounted upon but insulated from the frame of the
instrument, substantially as described.
The yielding connection between the guide beds and main frame adapted for
adjustment to regulate the lateral swing of the beds, substantially as
described.
The combination of an adjustable gauge side and an adjustable spring pressure
bar with the guide beds O and 1, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
The adjustable gauge side of the guide beds formed with recesses along their
inner edges for the purpose of preventing the edges of the paper fillets from
wrinkling or curling up as they are drawn over the beds, substantially as
described.
The spring pressure bars, each provided with two shouldered cross pieces
adapted to fit within deep transverse grooves of the guide beds, so that their
shoulders shall bear against one edge of the moving paper, and hold it up to
the gauge side, substantially as described.
The stop pins inserted in each of the guide beds to limit the forward move-
ment of the pressure bar after the fillet of paper has passed out of the bed,
substantially as described.
The guide beds O¹¹, 7, each provided with a hinged cover or pressure piece to
hold down the paper fillets as they pass over the beds, substantially as
described.
The covers of the guide beds 011, 7, adapted for adjustment to regulate the
pressure upon the paper fillets by means of set screws, which support the
covers upon their points after passing up through the guide beds, substantially
as described.
The covers of the guide beds 0, 1, adapted to be held down upon the screws
by a weight or spring, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The combination of the shouldered cross bars with the cover hinges of the
guide beds for moving back the spring pressure bars when the covers are
swung open to prepare the beds for receiving the paper fillet, substantially
as described.
The flat spring n¹, adjustable holder n", and front projection n, for connecting
2

page_text: the sleeve of the guide bed O¹¹ to one of the uprights of the frame, substan-
tially as described.
The guide bed O" of the transmitting instrument formed with parallel
grooves m, m', to receive the embossed tracks in the fillet of paper, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose specified.
h. The guide bed and feed cylinder of the transmitting instrument formed with
corresponding parallel grooves to receive the embossed tracks in the fillet of
paper containing the record to be transmitted, substantially as described for
the purpose specified.
1. The combination of two parallel V shaped ribs with the under side of the
cover m to fit into the grooves of the guide bed O¹¹, for the purpose of
properly guiding the fillet of paper and preserving the form of its embossed
tracks therein as it is fed over the bed, substantially as described.
h. The combination of two spring track fingers with the cover of the guide
bed O, so that their points shall project down through the V shaped ribs
therein, substantially as described.
h. The spring track fingers having an independent articulation upon the cover of
the guide bed 0 by mounting their hubs 1, 111, separately upon the short
cross shaft, substantially as described.
h. The combination with the track fingers of the set screws and their holding
arms, for the purpose of adjusting the lateral position of the track fingers
within the embossed tracks of the fillet of paper passing over the guide bed,
substantially as described.
h. The combination of a pivoted handle with the cover of the guide bed O¹¹ to
raise the points of the track fingers from contact with the fillet of paper
without raising the cover, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
h. The combination of the slotted guide block j with the cover m¹¹ for the
purpose of guiding the points of the track fingers within the tracks of the
paper passing over the bed, substantially as described.
t. The handle j pivoted to the top of the cover m¹¹ in rear of the track fingers,
and provided with a weighted extension to hold it in an upright position,
substantially as described.
1. The handle provided at its front with a right angular arm
to limit
the forward movement of the handle and bear down the rear end of the
track fingers, for the purpose specified.
The combination of the grooved guide blocks 66 with the guide bed ¹ of the
reproducing mechanism, substantially as described.
h. The combination of a grooved feed cylinder with the ungrooved guide bed of
the reproducing mechanism to draw the fillet of paper over the reproducing
knives, substantially as described.
h. The combination of an automatic pressure roller with the feed cylinder of the
reproducing mechanism, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
h. The combination with the guide bed of two reciprocating knives operated
by a magnet, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
h. The shelf C adapted for vertical adjustment upon the sleeve of the guide
bed to regulate the position of the reproducing knives with respect to the
upper surface of the bed, substantially as described.
b. The shelf C combined with the flat spring C7 to connect the sleeve of the guide
bed with an adjustable holder upon one of the uprights of the frame, sub-
stantially as described.
b. The shelf C combined with the sleeve of the guide bed to support the repro-
ducing magnet, substantially as described.
. An electro-magnet provided with a rock shaft to alternately reciprocate two
pointed knives through the grooved blocks 6 of the guide bed when the polar-
ity of such magnet is changed to oscillate the shaft, substantially as described.
t. The pointed slitting knives b*, b, supported upon the vibrating needles of the
E

page_text: J.
reproducing magnet by means of the upright arms a
described for the purpose specified.
substantially as
The slitting knives of the reproducing magnet guided vertically within the
grooved blocks by means of the guide pins 67 and the supporting arms a
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The pointed slitting knives adapted for reversal and adjustment upon the
upright guide arms a by means of the clamping blocks and screws 6², sub-
statially as described.
The combination of the embossing rollers or styles b with the guide bed 1¹
and its cover, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The india-rubber blocks combined with the guide blocks 68 to bear down
upon the points of the slitting knives, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
The grooved guide blocks 68 secured to the front of the cover for the purpose
of supporting the embossing rollers, substantially as described.
The grooved guide blocks 68 adapted for adjustment to register their grooves
with the grooves in the lower guide blocks of the bed, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
The combination at a telegraph station of a calling in magnet, a reproducing
magnet, a receiving magnet, and their connections, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
The combination at a telegraph station of a receiving magnet, a calling in
magnet, a reproducing magnet, and an induction coil interposed in the main
wire, substantially as described.
The combination at a telegraph station of a receiving magnet, a calling in
magnet, a reproducing magnet, an induction coil, and two primary helices
within the induction coil, substantially as described.
A compound receiving magnet, composed of two soft iron covers inclosing
two helices wound in the same direction, one within the other, and interposed
in the main telegraph line at each station by connecting to the wire thereof
the inner end of the inner helix and the outer end of the outer helix,
substantially as described.
The receiving magnet provided with a series of parallel magnetic needles
mounted between the covers upon a transverse rock shaft, so as to oscillate
when the covers are magnetized and demagnetized by the passage through
the helices of the alternately reversed message currents of the main line,
substantially as described.
The parallel magnetic needles of the receiving magnet provided with an
upright arm carrying two platina hammers which, when the needles
tip, are alternately thrown in contact with two platina faced anvils supported
upon but insulated from the covers of the magnet, substantially as
described.
1. The reciprocating hammers of the receiving magnet, having electric con-
nection with the local battery, for the purpose of operating the parts of the
reproducing, and calling in magnets by the direct current, from the battery,
while the polarity of the magnet is changed to reciprocate the hammers by
the alternate reversal of the message currents in the main line, substantially
as described.
. Maintaining the contact between the hammers and anvils of the receiving
maguet at the receiving station, by means of the track fingers at the
transmitting station extending through the slits of the moving record to
hold the circuit changer in contact with one or the other of its anvils, as
described.
1. The anvils mounted upon the cover of the receiving magnet, and insulated
therefrom by means of the flanged insulating tubes do, combined with the
stems d of the anvils and the hollow upright shafts, substantially as

page_text: 07th. The platina faced anvils of the receiving magnet affixed eccentrically to their
supporting stems for the purpose of adjustment, substantially as described.
08th. The compound reproducing magnet D", provided with two vertically
reciprocating slitting knives, substantially as described.
09th. The compound calling in magnet D
vibrating plates, as described.
provided with two inclined laterally
10th. The combination of an induction coil and a double helix with one battery,
to equalize the force of the main line currents, for the purpose of securing
the automatic formation of the message symbols of the requisite relative
sizes throughout the whole line, and to prevent like message symbols from
differing in length when formed by the passage of the current through
cither lielix, substantially as described.
11th. The combination with the induction coil of an adjustable compound magnet,
connecting the local battery of a station with the calling in magnet, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose specified.
12th. The induction coil combined with the double helices wound therein, one
within the other around an adjustable core of soft iron, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
13th. The core of the primary helices D', D', made in several sections, which are adapted
for adjustment by the holding screws a", for the purpose of regulating the time
required to magnetize and demagnetize them, substantially as described.
14th. The receiving magnet, the calling in magnet, the reproducing magnet, and
the primary helices of the induction coil, having their corresponding helices
wound in the same direction at a station, so that the currents from the
local battery shall each move through the circuit of like helices in the same
direction, substantially as described.
15th. The receiving magnet, the calling in magnet, the reproducing magnet, and
the primary helices of the induction coil, having their corresponding helices
wound in the same direction at all the stations of a telegraph line, for the
purpose of maintaining the same direction for each current throughout the
line, substantially as described.
16th. The platina faced anvils of the receiving magnet having separate electric
connections with the reproducing magnet, substantially as described.
17th. The mode or method of calling a station into communication with a trans-
mitting station to receive a message by means of a calling in magnet at the
receiving station, which is operated by the transmitted signal to set the
reproducing devices in operation, substantially as described.
18th. The mode or method of throwing a receiving station out of communication
with a transmitting station after the message has been received, by means
of a calling in magnet, which is operated by the transmitted signal to throw
the reproducing devices out of operation, substantially as described.
19th. The mode or method of operating the calling in magnet to call in the
receiving station and throw it out of communication with the transmitting
station by means of signal slits cut in the fillet of paper in advance of and
following the message slits, substantially as described.
20th. A calling in frame at the receiving station, adapted to be set in motion by
the vibrating plates of the calling in magnet, to operate the mechanisin, by
which a fillet of paper is drawn over the reciprocating reproducing knives,
substantially as described.
21st. A throwing out frame at the receiving station, adapted to be set in motion
by the vibrating plates of the calling in magnet, to throw out of operation
the mechanism by which a fillet of paper is drawn over the reproducing
knives, substantially as described.
22d. The combination of a registering wheel with the calling in frame and throw-
ing out frame, and the vibrating frame of the calling in magnet, substan-
tially as described for the purpose specified

page_text: The calling in and throwing out frames, mounted upon opposite sides of the
registering pin wheel, and constructed to engage and nove with the pins
when the latter are properly set by the vibrations of the setting plates
substantially as described, for the purpose specified.
The calling in and throwing out frames mounted upon sleeves of the shaft E
and connected by suitable mechanism, so as to move forward with the regis-
tering wheel at different times, and move back against its revolution one
after the other, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.
The calling in and throwing out frames connected by suitable intervening
mechanism, so that when the former is moving forward with the wheel the
latter is riding back against its revolution, and vice versa, substantially as
described, for the purpose specified.
The combination of the working beam and connecting rods with the sleeves
of the calling in and throwing out frames, for the purpose of moving them
in opposite directions, substantially as described.
The combination of a spring lever with the working beam, to sharpen and
quicken its movements, substantially as described.
The calling in and throwing out franes, each constructed of a slotted seg-
mental registering plate, supported from the sleeves of the shaft E11, so that
the registering wheel shall project through the slots, as described.
The calling in and throwing out frames having their acting edges configured
to correspond with the signals which represent a station, that is to say,
having outlines the same as those described by the pins of the registering
wheel under the impulses of the reciprocating plates m³ when the pins are
set by the proper signals from the transmitting station, substantially as
described.
The calling in frame adapted to cause the pressure roller to be thrown in
contact with the cylinder, to feed the paper over the reproducing knives
when moved forward by the registering wheel, as described.
The throwing out frame adapted to remove the pressure roller from contact
with the cylinder D, to stop the feed of the paper over the reproducing
knives when moved forward by the registering wheel, substantially as
described.
The pivoted lever 9" combined with the pressure roller V and the cam 020
on the sleeve of the calling in frame, substantially as described, for the
purpose specified.
The combination of the springs ns with the calling in and throwing out
frames to draw them toward the shaft E11, for the purpose of engaging the
ends of the pins in the registering wheel when such pins are properly set,
substantially as described.
The registering wheel constructed with peripheral flanges containing the
parallel setting pins, substantially as described.
The combination of the holding band m' with the registering wheel and its
setting pins, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.
. The combination of the tightening pulley and spring with the holding
band m, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.
1. The beveled uprights q2 combined with the registering wheel to restore the
alignment of the setting pins, substantially as described.
. The beveled uprights q3 combined with the registering wheel to correct any
excess in the throw of the pins when set by the reciprocating plates, sub-
stantially as described.
1. The combination of the sliding horizontal rods 2 and the upright cams with
the calling in and throwing out frames, for the purpose of disconnecting
them from the pins of the registering wheel when they have reached the
limit of their forward throw, substantially as described.
b. The combination of the automatic locking levers p and 26 with the calling

page_text: in and throwing out frames, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
141st. The automatic locking levers pº and p³ adapted for adjustment, as and for
the purposes specified.
142d. The shaft E of the registering wheel provided with friction wheels u, by
which it is driven from the upper shaft B, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
143d. The mode or method herein described of automatically joining the two
helices of the receiving magnet when a message is being received at a
station for the purpose of increasing the power of the inagnet, when
receiving a message by the decrease of conducting resistance in the
receiving magnets of all the other stations within reach of the current.
144th. The mode or method herein described of automatically disconnecting the
two helices of the receiving magnet, and joining them separately to the
main line when their station is not receiving a message, for the purpose of
offering less resistance to the passage of the line current through them.
145th. The insulated levers R1, R2, R3, having electric connection with the outer
helix of the receiving magnet, and the main wire joining such helix,
combined with the insulated anvils R¹, R, R³, having electric connection
with the inner helix and its main wire, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
146th. The combination of the calling in frame with the insulated conducting
levers and anvils R', K, R³, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
147th. The combination of the throwing out frame with the insulated conducting
levers and anvils R1, R2, R³, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
148th. The insulated cams 710 combined with the sleeve of the calling in frame for
the purpose of connecting and disconnecting the levers R1, R2, R³, and their
anvils, substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
149th. A circuit breaker interposed in the local wire of the receiving station, and
operated by the movements of the calling in frame to make and break the
local circuit of such station one or more times in rapid succession, for the
purpose of inducing a return current in the main line which shall oscillate
the arms of the receiving magnet back at the transmitting station, and thus
notify the operator there that the receiving station is called in ready to
receive a message, substantially as described.
150th. The local circuit breaker consisting of the insulated hammer lever and
anvil R interposed in the local wire, and operated by one of the cams 7.10
on the sleeve of the calling in frame, as described.
151st. The mode or method of providing a standard measure of time at each
station of a telegraph line by means of a pendulum, whose vibrations
reciprocate the slitting knives of the several reproducing magnets through
a moving fillet of paper a given number of times for each vibration, sub-
stantially as described.
152d. The hammer lever R' of the local circuit breaker having its rear end notched
for the action of the cam 10, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
53d. The mode or method of establishing a uniform movement of the paper fillets
at all the stations of a telegraph line, by means of the several driving shafts
whose speed is adjusted to the measure of time furnished by the pendulum
at each station station, substantially as described.
154th. A pendulum for opening and closing the circuit of the reproducing magnet
to alternately reciprocate the slitting knives in a given time for the purpose
of cutting slits in a moving fillet of paper, and thereby enabling the
operator to determine the speed of the driving shaft by measuring the
length of the slits, substantially as described,

page_text: The combination of a pendulum ƒ³, g², with a circuit changer for sending
alternate currents from the local battery to the reproducing magnet of a
station, substantially as described.
The local circuit changer consisting of the pivoted trip plate g³ and its
upright arm arranged within the path of the pendulum so that the lower
end thereof shall strike the upright points of the plate and throw the arm
alternately in contact with stop pins y, the trip plate having electric con-
nection with the local battery and the stop pins with the reproducing
magnet, substantially as described.
The combination of a spring with the upright arm of the trip plate to
prevent the recoil of the arm when thrown in contact with the stop pins,
substantially as described.
The stop pins g and the trip plate and arm supported upon the main frame
of the instrument by the upright bar f, the trip plate and arm being
insulated from the bar, and the latter being insulated from the frame, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose specified.
The bar fadapted for lateral adjustment for the purpose of equalizing the
throws of the tripping arm g from its centre of oscillation, and thereby
insuring uniformity in the length of the slits by which the speed of the
paper and driving shaft is determined, substantially as described.
The weighted finger piece arranged in the local line to send the current
either to the crescent trip plate of the pendulum or to the oscillating shaft
of the receiving magnet, as and for the purpose specified.
The curved guides q, a", secured to the uprights of the frame beneath the
feed cylinders for directing the paper records out of the instrument, sub-
stantially as described.
The combination of the shears with the guide a, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
The shears consisting of the lower blade a³ attached to an upright of the
frame so as to lie against a shoulder formed in the curved guide, and of
the upper swinging blade as attached to the upright turning rod p, sub-
stantially as described.
The combination of a coiled spring 1 with the upright turning rod p for
the purpose of pressing one blade of the shears against the other when in
the act of cutting, and to throw open such blades when the cutting action
ceases, substantially as described.
The lightning arresters Z' interposed in opposite ends of the main line at a
station to conduct a strong atmospheric current along the main line past a
station without entering the receiving magnet and to direct the weaker.
induced message currents into the receiving magnet and prevent them from
passing the station, substantially as described.
The lightning arresters Z¹, each composed of two grooved half cylinders of
metal clamped upon a fine insulated wire Z placed in the main line, sub-
stantially as described.
The mode or method of joining the two lightning arresters to the main line
at a station by means of the wires Z3 and helices Z', substantially as
described.
The index finger 75 and its dial plate combined with the helices of the
lightning arresters, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The combination of the switches Z with the connecting wires Z3 of the
lightning arresters, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The arrangement of a graduating resistance coil in the local line to equalize
the power of the battery, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
The combination of an index and dial with the graduating resistance coil to
register the amount of resistance to the passage of the battery current,
substantially as described.

page_text: The combination of a graduating resistance coil and a galvanometer to
equalize and determine the power of the battery, substantially as described.
1. The pivoted switch Z' in combination with the wire of the induction coil,
as and for the purpose set forth.
hd according to the fourth division of my Invention, reference being had to
res 41 to 45 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings, I claim,—
.
A telegraph instrument for automatically printing a telegraph message in
ordinary typography from a slitted paper message record consisting essentially
of the following mechanism, to wit, first, mechanism for feeding the
slitted record through the instrument; secondly, mechanism which sets the
type in position for printing by the movements of the slitted record; and,
thirdly, mechanism for printing upon a plain fillet of paper after the type
have been set.
An oscillating type wheel having the type arranged upon it in the order of
the frequency of their occurrence in telegraph messages, and adapted to be
set from and returned to the same point for every letter or sign of the
message to be printed, substantially as described.
An oscillating type wheel adapted to be automatically set from an initial
point for every message sign by means of slits in a moving fillet of paper,
which slits by their length, or by the distance between the rear end of
one and the rear end of that next adjoining, designate the message signs
and correspond to the message signs on the type wheel, substantially as
described.
An oscillating type wheel adapted to be set from an initial point for every
message sign by a slitted message record, the length of its oscillations to
bring the required type in position for printing being governed by the length
of the message slits in the record fillet, substantially as described.
Setting the type wheel by the message slits in the record fillet through the
medium of gauge fingers, substantially as described.
The combination of the feed mechanism with the slitted record fillet, the gauge
fingers, and the type wheel to operate together, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
Mechanism by which the slitted record fillet is adapted to be automatically
stopped while an impression is being taken from the type wheel upon a
plain message fillet, and to be automatically set in motion again after the
impression is completed, substantially as described.
The combination of a brake with the feeding mechanism to automatically stop
the feed of the slitted record fillet while an impression is being made by the
type wheel upon a plain message fillet, substantially as described.
The combination of the brake with the cam driving shaft of the pressing
devices for the purpose of automatically releasing the feed of the slitted
record fillet to set the latter in motion after an impression has been made by
the type wheel upon the plain message fillet, substantially as described.
The feed mechanism for the slitted record fillet, consisting essentially of the
toothed feed cylinder and the grooved pressure roller, substantially as
described.
The beveled spring latch I combined with the arm of the pressure roller to
lock it out of contact with the feed cylinder, substantially as described.
The arched guide bed combined with the feed mechanism, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
The gauge fingers combined with the arched guide bed, substantially as and
for the purposes specified.
The combination of the gauge fingers, the arched guide bed, and the feed
mechanism for the slitted fillet, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
The pivoted guide bed constructed with a slotted arch for the passage of the
gauge fingers, and with parallel ribs or rails in front and rear of the arch in

page_text: line with the slots to receive the grooves or tracks of the slitted record
fillet, substantially as described.
The cover of the guide bed constructed with a slotted concavity to fit down
upon the arch, and with parallel grooves in line with the slots of the con-
cavity to fit down upon the ribs, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
The construction of the cover and guide bed to form the deepest space
between them at the rear end for the passage of. the paper fillet to the ribs
and grooves when two fillets are pasted together at the ends, substantially as
described.
The combination of the gauge side and pressure bar with the guide bed and
its cover for the purpose of guiding the slitted fillet upon the ribs of the bed
and over the points of the gauge fingers, as described.
The cover adapted for adjustment to regulate the pressure with which it holds
the slitted record down upon the ribs of the guide bed, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
The gauge side of the guide bed adapted for adjustment with respect to the
arch and ribs, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
The pressure bar held up to or against the arch of the guide bed, so that its
projections shall bear against the slitted fillet by means of the adjustable
springs, substantially as described.
The pressure bar and cover having a series of projections and spaces so
arranged that the projections upon one shall enter the spaces of the other
when the cover is shut down upon the slitted fillet, for the purpose of pre-
venting the latter from wrinkling or curling up at the edge, substantially as
described.
The combination of the cams or pins 11 on the hinge arms of the cover with
the guide loops well on the ends of the pressure bar, for the purpose of
retracting the pressure bar from the fillet of paper when the cover is swung
open, substantially as described.
The pintle blocks all of the cover hinges and the spring block o of the pressure
bar adapted for adjustment with respect to each other, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
The gauge fingers mounted upon the shaft j beneath the arch of the guide
bed, so as to move through the slits in the arch with their points projecting
slightly above the same, as and for the purpose specified.
The gauge fingers having a frictional connection with their supporting shaft j¹
independently of each other by means of the friction sleeves Sii, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
The combination of the arm a² and set screws c with the gauge points, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose specified.
The friction sleeves of the gauge fingers adapted for adjustment upon the
shaft to grasp the same with a force proportioned to the resisting strength
of the paper fillet at the rear ends of the message slits, for the purpose of
preventing the gauge fingers from tearing the paper when thrown back
within the slits, substantially as described.
The loose segmental gear mounted upon the shaft j¹ between the gauge fingers
to engage with a pinion m¹ on the shaft of the type wheel, substantially as
described.
The cross bar f, combined with the segmental gear and gauge fingers, for the
purpose of moving the gear back to turn the pinion m¹ and set the type
wheel when the gauge fingers are thrown back within the slits of the moving
record, substantially as described.
The cross bar fheld up to the gauge fingers by means of a spring or by a
weight suspended from the shaft of the type wheel, for the purpose of
returning the segmental gear with the gauge fingers, and for returning the

page_text: type wheel to its normal position after having been set, substantially as
described.
The shaft of the gauge fingers driven from a grooved pulley upon the shaft
of the feed cylinder through the medium of the cog gearing and the adjustable
friction gearing, substantially as described.
The gear wheel St having its shaft bearings in the main frame of the instru-
ment beneath the driving pulley, and connected with a pinion m¹ on the
end of the shaft j' by means of the inclined shaft n¹ and its pinion, substan-
tially as described.
h. Communicating the motion of the driving pulley to the beveled gear wheel S¹
by means of two friction wheels t¹ mounted upon a vertical shaft V₁ so as to
bear against the faces of the pulley and gear wheel between their respective
shafts, substantially as described.
h. The friction wheels t¹ held up to the faces of the pulley and gear wheel with
an adjustable yielding pressure, substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
h. The friction wheels t¹ adapted for vertical adjustment upon the faces of the
driving pulley and gear wheel between the shafts thereof, substantially as
described.
h. The driving pulley and gear wheel S¹ having their faces corrugated, notched,
or otherwise roughened in radial lines to prevent the friction wheels from
slipping, as described for the purpose specified.
h. The friction wheels t¹, composed of leather, vulcanized rubber, or other
yielding substance to prevent them from slipping upon the roughened faces
of the driving pulley and gear wheel S¹, as described.
b. The shaft of the friction wheels t¹, working within a long tubular bearing
W which is squared upon the outside and fitted within suitable recesses
in the parallel arms y¹ to prevent it from turning with the shaft, substan-
tially as described.
h. The adjustable springs all, combined with the parallel arms y¹, to hold the
tubular bearing WI within the recesses of the arms, substantially as
described.
t. The locking ratchet y and pawl 3, in combination with the pressing cylinder,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
1. The combination of the locking ratchet y and pawl 13, the feeding ratchet³
and pawl d, and the pressing cylinder, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
The combination of the spring stop 3 with the feeding ratchet and arm a³,
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
h. The pressing mechanism suspended from. the frame of the instrument
immediately over the type wheel, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
h. The pressing mechanism suspended from the frame of the instrument imme-
diately over the type wheel by means of an adjustable bracket, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
h. The combination of a correcting tooth ', with the lateral adjusting teeth
on the side of the type wheel, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
h. The correcting tooth v arranged on the under side of the arm 7² to engage
with the adjusting teeth O¹ on the side of the type wheel, substantially as
described.
h. In a telegraph printing apparatus, the combination of a pressing cylinder, a
driving shaft, and a spring connection between the two, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
h. The connection between the pressing cylinder and pressing platen, consisting
of the socket g³, the adjustable spring 3, and the eccentric rod and band
mounted upon the cam of the shaft, substantially as described.

page_text: 50th. A spring pawl, combined with a time and escapement shaft to release the
pressing mechanism for operation when the type wheel is set to print the
required message sign, substantially as described.
51st. The spring pawl as, supported from the time and escapement shaft by means
of an arm b', substantially as described.
52d. The stops ³, w³, of the time shaft in combination with the detent arm o% of
the cam shaft, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
53d. The combination of the adjustable stop plate
with the time shaft,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
54th. The combination with the cam driving shaft of a spring which is compressed
by the driving force of the shaft when the latter is held at rest by a detent,
and which exerts its force to turn the shaft when the detent is released,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
55th. The spring driving pulley, combined with the cam shaft and its friction
sleeve, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
56th. The time shaft and cam shaft, and their attachments, in combination with
the printing mechanism, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
57th. The time and cam shafts, together with their attachments, in combination
with the printing mechanism, and the feeding devices for the slitted record
fillet, substantially as described.
58th. The time shaft, driven by a frictional connection between it and a motor or
prime mover, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
59th. The feeding cylinder for the record fillet driven by a frictional connection
between it and a motor or prime mover, substantially as described for the
purpose specified.
60th. The cam shaft driven by a frictional connection between it and a prime
mover or motor, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
1st. The feeding cylinder for the record fillet, the time shaft, and the cam shaft,
each driven by a frictional connection between it and a motor or prime
mover, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
62d. The several frictional connections adapted for adjustment to regulate the
force with which they grasp their shafts or supports, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
63d. The stop for the pressure roller F, and the brake 63 for the feed cylinder B,
both mounted upon the same arm and operated by the cam m³ on. the
driving shaft, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
4th. The stop and brake b³ adapted for adjustment upon their supporting arm,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
5th. In a printing telegraph instrument the combination of an oscillating type
wheel, a time and escapement shaft, a cam driving shaft, a pressing platen
cylinder, mechanism for feeding a slitted record fillet over a guide bed
and a brake for stopping the motion of such feeding mechanism, all operating
automatically, so that at each oscillation of the time shaft, and each corre-
sponding revolution of the cam shaft, the type wheel is set, the movement
of the slitted record fillet stopped, and an impression taken from the type
wheel upon a plain or printing fillet of paper, simultaneously or in rapid
succession, the pressing platen cylinder lifted from the type wheel, the
printing fillet fed forward, the slitted record fillet again set in motion, and
the type wheel returned to its normal or first position, substantially as
described.
6th. The shaft j¹, the speed of which is adjusted to correspond with any variation
in the standard length of the slits in the record fillet, substantially as
described for the purpose specified.
7th. Adjusting the speed of the shaft j¹ relative to the feed of the slitted record
by means of the slits themselves, for the purpose of securing the proper
throw of the gauge fingers within such slits to set the type wheel, sub-
stantially as described.

page_text: 68th. Two gauge points adapted to enter a slit in the record fillet so as to bear
against its opposite ends and through suitable intervening mechanism, adjust
the friction wheels t¹ upon the grooved driving pulley D and gear wheel S¹,
for the purpose of gauging the speed of the shaft j relative to the speed
of the driving pulley and the consequent feed of the record, substantially
as described.
69th. The gauge point m adapted for adjustment within a slit of the record fillet,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
70th. The combination of the adjustable stop bar and rock shaft Z11 with
the gauge point m and friction wheels t¹, substantially as described for
the purpose specified.
111
71st. The stop bar adapted for adjustment to and from the upright.q¹¹¹ by
means of the set screw 211, substantially as described.
72d. The coiled spring j combined with the shaft Zu to hold the point of the
set screw against the upright q111, substantially as described for the purpose
specified.
73d. The gauge point ml supported from the stop bar by a spring, to prevent
the back of the point from tearing the slitted record when the stop bar is
adjusted out from the upright q111, substantially as described.
74th. The set screw combined with the stop bar and spring support of the
gauge point m, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
75th. The rock shaft Z" connected to the tubular bearing of the friction wheels t¹
by means of the parallel arms 2211, 211, and the connecting rod 611, substan-
tially as described.
76th. The connecting rod 111 made adjustable on the parallel arms 2011, 11, to increase
or diminish the movements of the friction wheels t¹ when operated by the
gauge points, substantially as described for the purpose specified.
77th. The combination of the spring shears with the printing mechanism, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose specified.
78th. The combination of the guide table with the printing mechanism, sub-
stantially as described for the purpose specified.
79th. The combination of the spring shears with the guide table q, substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
80th. The combination of the gauge fingers and the pressure roller F, connected
by suitable intervening mechanism by which the roller when moved out
from the feed cylinder shall return the gauge fingers to the front of the
arch in the guide bed, substantially as described.
S1st. The bent lever and connecting rod h² in combination with the gauge
fingers and pressure roller F, substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
In witness that I claim the foregoing, I, the said Royal Earl House, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this First day of July, in the year of our
Lord, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
ROYAL EARL HOUSE. (L.S.)