IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS FOR TRAIN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Tyer, of No. 15, Old Jewry Chambers,*
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS FOR TRAIN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS."
T
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS FOR TRAIN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS."
∙PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Tyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1874.
I, EDWARD TYER, of No. 15, Old Jewry Chambers, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS FOR TRAIN SIGNALLING -ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:
:
In my former Specification, No. 1845, A.D. 1873, I describe an
arrangement of apparatus for giving angular motion to the indices,"
semaphore arms, or other visual signals employed in telegraphs for train
signalling on railways where a hollow cylinder having deep steps or
notches cut parallel with an axle is mounted in close proximity to the.
114
C...

page_text: poles of a permanent magnet and the poles of an electro-magnet placed
at right angles to each other respectively. Now in my improved
arrangement in order to counteract any loss of magnetism in the
permanent magnet caused by atmospheric electricity, earth currents,
line contacts &c., I surround the permanent magnet with coils of wire,
connecting the ends of the same to the battery circuit in such manner
that each time a signal is transmitted the current from the battery first
traverses these coils of wire, and thereby constantly replenishes the
magnetism of the permanent magnet. Likewise each time a signal is
received from a distant station the line current passes to a relay
employed for calling into action a local battery, and the current there-
from is first made to traverse these coils of wire to still further ensure
a complete saturation of the permanent magnet.
My Invention also relates to an improved arrangement of an electrical
"repeater" for indicating and coinciding with the position of an out-
door semaphore arm.
In order to obtain the requisite angular motion in the miniature
semaphore arm I employ a thin rectangular parallelogram frame.
of soft iron mounted on an axle parallel with its length. This
axle carries at one end a miniature semaphore arm or disc, and is
mounted between the poles of an electro-magnet in such manner that
whenever currents of electricity traverse the coils of the electro-magnet:
the two opposite sides of the frame are attracted by the two opposite
double horns of the clectro-magnet. The ends of the frame are thus
brought into a position to act as efficient armatures to the clectro-
magnet, and consequently a feeble current will suffice so long as it
continues to pass to retain the frame and the miniature semaphoro arm
or disc in position to indicate the required signal; so soon as the currents
cease to flow the frame resumes its normal position by the force of
gravity.
My Invention also relates to improved arrangements of an automatic
apparatus to be attached to a distant signal post in order to make the
requisite electrical connections with a line wire battery and earth for the
purpose of actuating the before described "repeater," which is to be
fixed in the signal box wherefrom such distant signal is worked.
In constructing the automatic apparatus for repeating the day
signals I employ a piston rod surrounded by a helical spring and working
in a cylinder for the purpose of making contact with a metal disc.

page_text: This cylinder I insert into one end of of an india-rubber tube, and at tho
other end I insert the contact disc in such manner as to partially depress
the piston rod through the elasticity of the tube. At the lower external
end of the cylinder I attach a metal rod, which first passes through a
porcelain cup-shaped invert, fitting into a bracket socket, and afterwards
through a smaller invert for the purpose of insulating the line wire con-
necting terminal at the extreme end of the metal rod. I then fix the
apparatus by means of a bracket to the signal post. The contact disc
at the upper end of the india-rubber tube is attached by means of a
hook to a lever which is operated upon by the iron rod that raises or
lowers the semaphore arm. Thus when the semaphore arm is "on to
danger" the lever falls and allows the disc to make electrical contact
by depressing the piston rod, and thus during the persistent flow of the
electrical current the miniature semaphore arm of the repeater in the
signal box is correspondingly raised to danger. When the outdoor
semaphore arm is lowered the lever becomes raised, and consequently
stretches the india-rubber tube; it thereby disconnects the piston rod
from the metal disc and breaks the continuity of the electrical circuit,
causing the miniature semaphore arm to fall in accordance with the
outdoor signal.
.
In using this apparatus at junctions, or where outdoor signals are
usually kept at danger, then its hook is to be attached to the tail end
of the lever in order to maintain the piston rod disconnected from the
metal disc, and thus to economise the expenditure of battery power.
It will be observed that in this arrangement the india-rubber tube scrvcs
not only as a spring but also as a casing, enclosing the contact points
and effectually protecting them from the weather.
In constructing the automatic apparatus for indicating at night
whether the light in a signal lanthorn at a distance is burning I employ
a cylindrical chamber having a thin metallic tube fixed into its base or
side, the other end of the tube being hermetically sealed. .I close the
opposite end of the cylindrical chamber by an clastic diaphragm, so as
to render the whole perfectly air-tight. Externally I fix a piston rod,
encircled by a helical spring, which depresses upon the diaphragm a
flat disc that is attached to the lower end of the piston rod. Near the
upper end I insert a pin projecting horizontally and correspondingly
above this, at the end of the piston rod I fix a spring whose point presses
upon a small disc topped piston having a reciprocating motion in an

page_text: insulated cock contrived with a spring that presses upon the small piston.
and retains it in any position in which it may be left. Below the
contact disc of this small piston is fixed an insulated collar immediately,
above the projecting pin of the larger piston.
.
The line wire is to be attached to the insulated cock, and the earth
wire to the framework of the apparatus, the electric circuit being com-
pleted whenever the spring on the larger piston presses upon the contact
disc of the smaller piston. The whole apparatus is enclosed in a suitable
cap for protection from the weather, and is to be fixed to the out-door
signal lamp in such manner that the thin metallic tube is in proximity.
to and above the flame of the lamp. As soon as the lamp is lighted the
heat from the flame rarifies the air in the thin metallic tube, and the air.
circulating into the cylindrical chamber distends the elastic diaphragm,"
whereupon the larger piston is forced upwards, and its flat spring breaks
contact with the disc of the smaller piston. As soon as it has thus
obtained a regulated distance from the contact disc the projecting pin,,
by coming against the insulated collar, carries with it the smaller piston,
and so maintains the regulated space between the two contact pieces
irrespective of the amount of expansion of the clastic diaphragm
occasioned by increased elevation of temperature; thus I ensure contact
being made and a warning signal given very shortly after the supply of
heat to the apparatus from the flame of the lamp ceases or is materially
lessened.
In lieu of the metallic cylinder with its elastic diaphragm attached I
sometimes use a suitable clastic bag, the neck of which is secured to the
unclosed end of the metallic tube, while the upper exposed portion of
the clastic bag serves the purpose of the elastic diaphragm.
My Invention also relates to improved arrangements of ground and
distant signal lights. Hitherto it has been the custom either to partially.
rotate the lantern in which the light is fixed so as to exhibit a red, green,.
or white signal, as may be. required, or to move a spectacle frame con-.
taining red and green glasses, but the difficulty has been to ensure the
requisite amount of rotation to the lantern or the correct amount of,
motion to the colored spectacle from the variation in the contraction and
expansion of the controlling wire. Now in my improved arrangement I
dispense, with the drawing wire for giving motion. I firmly fix the
lantern or spectacle, and I construct the lantern with two bull's eyes of
;

page_text: '
colored glass placed side by side, and I impart a reciprocating motion to thio
flame enclosed in the lamp, so as to bring it alternately behind either of
the colored bull's eyes. In carrying out this arrangement I employ two
electro-magnets actuating two armatures fixed upon crossed bars attached
to an axle and at right angles therewith. Upon this axle is. fixed a
counterpoised tube carrying at its upper end a gas jet or lamp wick. A
small spring or weight is employed to cause the tube to. assume thë
desired normal position when the electro-magnets are unexcited. The
lantern is to be fixed over this apparatus, so that the tube. enters througli
a slot at its base, and it is moved by means of the electro-magnet so as
to remove the flame from opposite one bull's eye, and bring it opposite
to the centre of the other bull's eye. In this way I avoid the great wear
and tear of rotating lanthorns, and the uncertainty arising from expansion
and contraction of long draw wires.
The apparatus is fixed at any required distance from a signal box, and
is placed in clectrical communication with a "repeater" fixed at such
box. Whenever it is necessary for a signalman to change his signal,
say, from red to green, he turns on an electrical current by means of the
transmitting plunger of the "repeater," which, actuating the electro-
magnets at the lantern, causes the tube carrying the flame to be brought
behind the green bull's cyc, and this signal will continue to be exhibited
so long as the electric current traverses the circuit; and further by an
automatic contact spring it causes the corresponding-indicator in the
"repeater" to exhibit a similar signal, thereby, assuring the signalman
of the correct working of the distant apparatus.
This apparatus can be worked either direct from the signal box or from
a distant signal to a point still further beyond whereto the present signal
wires could not be wrought.
My Invention also relates to improvements in single stroke magnetic
signal bells. Hitherto an electro-magnet and armature have been
employed and operated upon by currents' of electricity transmitted from
a signal box, but for long circuits this arrangement has proved unsatis-
factory, requiring either large battery power or a separate relay. Now
in my improved arrangement I fix a spring in such position that imme-
diately the armature of the electro-magnet begins to move it makes
contact with an insulated plate in connection with the home battery, and
thereby turns on the full force of the home battery through the coils of
the electro-magnet in the same direction as the line current is already

page_text: flowing through them.. As the armature completes its stroke a second
spring in connection with the battery is forced away from its contact
stop, and thus the-local circuit becomes broken. Upon the current from
the line circuit ceasing to flow the armature falls back to its normal
position. I sometimes employ a small permanent magnet or a second
armature to close the local circuit, either being operated upon by the
line current. Thus by the line circuit and local circuit acting in unison
I obtain, even through considerable resistances, decisive blows on the
bell without augmentation of battery power.
By suitably adjusting the contact springs a continuously trembling
bell can be produced, called into action by a single intermittent current
from a distant station.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Tyer in the Great Scal. Patent Office on
the 23rd September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
TYER, of No. 15, Old Jewry Chambers, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-tbird day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Tyer, Her special
license that I, the said Edward Tyer, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Tyer, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS FOR TRAIN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Tyer, my exccutors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: .
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after tho
date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Tyer, do hereby declare,
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In my former Specification, No. 1845, A.D. 1873, I described an
arrangement of apparatus for giving angular motion to the indices,
semaphore arms, or other visual signals employed in telegraphs for train
signalling on railways, where a hollow cylinder having deep steps or:
notches cut parallel with an axle is mounted in close proximity to the.
poles of a permanent magnet, and the poles of an electro-magnet placed
at. right angles to cach other respectively., Now in my improved
arrangement in order to counteract any loss of magnetism in the per-
manent magnet caused by atmospheric electricity, earth currents, linc
contacts, &c., I surround the permanent magnet with coils of wire,
connecting the ends of the same to the battery circuit in such manner
that each time a signal is transmitted the current from the battery first
traverses these coils of wire, and thereby constantly replenishes tho:
magnetism of, the permanent magnet. Likewise each time a signal is:
received from a distant station the line current passes to a relay employed.
for calling into action a local battery, and the current therefrom is first
made to traverse these coils of wire to still further ensure a complete:
saturation of the permanent magnet.,
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, represent this arrangement (the same letters
referring to the same parts in each Figure). A, A, A', A¹, are the
hollow cylinders; B, B, B', B', are the deep steps or notches; S, N, S¹, N¹,-
are the poles of the permanent magnets placed at right angles to the
poles of the electro-magnets C, C, C₁, C. The poles of the permanent
magnets S, N, S¹, N', are surrounded by coils of wire D¹, D³, D³, D',
having their ends connected to the terminal plates E and F. The wire
from the positive pole of the battery is attached to the terminal plate E,
where the electric current divides and traverses the coils D¹, D², D³, D',
to the terminal plate F, thence by the wire G to a relay, and also by the
wire H to the transmitting keys of the apparatus. It is thus manifest-
fot

page_text: that no current can be transmitted by such keys without first passing
through the four coils surrounding the permanent magnets, neither can
a signal be received from a distant station without passing through tho
relay that closes a local bell circuit through the same four coils. In
both cases it follows that the permanent magnets are thereby kept
replenished with magnetism to their fullest state of saturation. These
permanent magnets are represented in the Figures 1 and 2 as being'
parallel with the electro-magnets and the axles of the cylinders for a
matter of convenience, but their production of magnetism. operating on
the cylinders would be equally efficient were their position to be set at
right angles or otherwise.

page_text: semaphore arm C, which is thereby caused to indicate "danger." In
this state a feeble electric current will efficiently retain the armature.
My Invention also relates to improved arrangements of an automatic
apparatus to be attached to a distant signal post in order to make the
requisite electrical connections with a line wire battery and carth for
the purpose of actuating the before-described "repeater," which is to be
fixed in the signal box wherefrom such distant signal is worked.
i
In constructing the automatic apparatus for repeating the day signals
I employ a piston rod surrounded by a helical spring and working in a
cylinder for the purpose of making contact with a metal disc. This
cylinder I insert into one end of an india-rubber tube, and at the other
end I insert the contact disc in such manner as to partially depress tho
piston rod through the clasticity of the tube. At the lower external
end of the cylinder I attach a metal rod, which first passes through a
porcelain cup-shaped invert fitting into a bracket socket and afterwards
through a smaller invert for the purpose of insulating the line wire con-
necting terminal at the extreme end of the metal rod. I then fix the
apparatus by means of a bracket to the signal post. The contact disc
at the upper end of the india-rubber tube is attached by means of a
hook to a lever which is operated upon by the iron rod that raises or
lowers the semaphore arm.
Figure 5, Sheet 1, represents this arrangement. A is the piston rod;
B, the helical spring surrounding- the same; C, C, the cylinder; D, the
metal disc; E¹; E, the vulcanised india-rubber tube; F, the metal rod.
passing through; G, G, the porcelain cup-shaped invert; H, the iron
bracket; I, I, the smaller invert; K, the terminal at end of metal rod;
L, the hook attached to M, M, the lever; N1, N2, the holes; into one of
these the end of a chain is fastened, the other end being attached to the
rod that actuates the semaphore arm of a signal post, thus when the
semaphore arm is "on to danger" the lever falls and allows the disc to
make clectrical contact by depressing the piston rod, and during tho
persistent flow of the electrical current the miniature semaphore arm of
the repeater in the signal box is correspondingly raised to danger.)
When the outdoor seniaphore' arm is lowered the lever becomes raised,
and consequently, stretches the india-rubber tube, it thereby discon-
nects the piston rod from the metal disc and breaks the continuity of
the electrical circuit, causing the miniature semaphore arm to fall in
accordance with the outdoor signal. .
J

page_text: In using this apparatus at junctions or where outdoor signals are
usually kept at danger then its hook is to be attached to the tail end of
the lever in order to maintain the piston rod disconnected from the
metal disc, and thus to economise the expenditure of battery power. It
will be observed that in this arrangement the india-rubber tube serves
not only as a spring but also as a casing enclosing the contact points
and effectually protecting them from the weather..
In constructing the automatic apparatus for indicating at night
whether the light in a signal lanthorn at a distance is burning I employ
a cylindrical chamber having a thin metallic tube fixed into its base or
side, the other end of the tube being hermetically scaled. I close the
opposite end of the cylindrical chamber by an elastic diaphragm só as to
render the whole perfectly air-tight. Externally I fix a piston rod-
encircled by a helical spring which depresses upon the diaphragm a flat.
disc that is attached to the lower end of the piston rod. Near the upper
cnd I insert a pin projecting horizontally and correspondingly; above this
at the end of the piston rod I fix a spring whose point presses upon a
small disc-topped piston having a reciprocating motion in an insulated.
cock contrived with a spring that presses upon the small piston and
retains it in any position in which it may be left.. Below the contact
disc of this small piston is fixed an insulated collar immediately above.
the projecting pin of the larger piston.
The line wire is to be attached to the insulated cock; and the earthi
wire to the framework of the apparatus, the electric circuit being com-
pleted whenever the spring on the larger piston presses upon the contact
disc of the smaller piston. The whole apparatus is enclosed in a suitablo.
cap for protection from the weather, and is fixed to the out door signal
lamp in such manner that the thin metallic tube is in proximity to and
above the flame of the lamp.
Figures 6 and 7, Sheet 1, represent this arrangement. A is the
cylindrical chamber; B, a thin metallic tube fixed into its base or side;
C, C, the elastic diaphragm; D, the external piston rod, cncircled.
by E, the helical spring; F, the flat disc attached to the lower extremity
of the piston rod D, pressing on the diaphragm C, C; G, the pin.
inserted at the upper end of the piston rod, and projecting therefrom;
H, the spring attached to the extreme end of the piston rod, having its
point pressing upon I, I; the disc-topped piston, which is attached to:

page_text: the cylinder by means of K, the insulated cock having L, the small
spring pressing against the piston I, I, serves to retain it in any position;
M, the insulated collar fixed immediately below the disc at the upper
end of the piston rod I, I; N, the screw terminal to which the line wire.
is to be attached; O, the screw terminal to which the earth wire is to be
attached; P, the suitable cap sliding over the whole apparatus to protect
it from the weather, and fixed by a bayonet catch. As soon as the lamp
is lighted the heat from the flame rarifies the air in the thin metallic
tube, and the air circulating into the cylindrical chamber distends the
elastic diaphragm, whereupon the larger piston is forced upwards, and
its flat spring breaks contact with the disc of the smaller piston. As
soon as it has thus attained a regulated distance from the contact disc
the projecting pin by coming against the insulated collar carries with it
the smaller piston, and so maintains the regulated space between tho
two contact pieces irrespective of the amount of expansion of tho
clastic diaphragm occasioned by increased elevation of temperature.
Thus I ensure contact being made, and a signal given very shortly after
the supply of heat to the apparatus from the flame of the lamp ceases,
or is materially lessened.
In lieu of the metallic cylinder with its clastic diaphragm attached I
sometimes use a suitable elastic bag, the neck of which is secured to the
unclosed end of the metallic tube, while the upper exposed portion of
the clastic bag serves the purpose of the elastic diaphragm.
In place of obtaining motion to the rod D by the expansion of air the
motion to work the apparatus may be but less advantageously obtained.
by the expansion under the influence of heat of other matters, either,
gaseous, liquid, or solid. Figure 8, Sheet 1, represents this modification ;.
A', A2, A3, A4, represent the elastic bag enclosed in B, B, the metallic.
cylinder; C, the neck of the elastic bag attached to D, the thin metallic
tube. In this arrangement the contact apparatus fixed above the clastic.
bag is so regulated to make the contact by the application of heat, and
to break contact as soon as the rarified air cools by the extinguishment
of the flame in the lantern.
My Invention also relates to improved arrangements of ground and
distant signal lights.. Hitherto it has been the custom either to partially.
rotate the lanthorn in which the light is fixed so to exhibit a red, green,
or white signal, as may be required, or to move a spectacle frame con

page_text: taining red and green glasses; but the difficulty has been to ensure the
requisite amount of rotation to the lanthorn, or the correct amount of
motion to the colored spectacle from the variation in the contraction
and expansion of the controlling wire. Now in my improved, arrange
ment I dispense with the drawing wire for giving motion; I firmly fix
the lanthorn or spectacle, and I construct the lanthorn with two bull's
eyes of coloured glass placed side by side, and I impart a reciprocating
motion to the frame inclosed in the lamp, so as to bring it alternately
behind either of the colored bull's eyes. In carrying out this arrange-
ment I employ two electro-magnets actuating two armatures fixed upon
cross bars attached to an axle, and at right angles therewith. Upon
this axle is fixed a counterpoised tube carrying at its upper end a gas
jet or lamp wick. A small spring or weight is employed to cause the
tube to assume the desired nornial position when the electro-magnets are
unexcited.
.
Figures 9 and 10, Sheet 1, represent this arrangement (the same
letters referring to the same parts in each Figure). A, A, Figure 10,
is the lanthorn; B, B, the two bull's eyes of colored glass; C, C, the
two electro-magnets; D, D, the two armatures; E, E, the cross bars
attached to F, the axle; G, G, the tube; H, the counterpoise; I, the
gas jet fixed to the upper part of G, G; K, the small weight to cause
the tube G; G, to assume the desired position; L, a small automatic
contact spring in connection with a line wire leading to a repeater"
at a distant station; M, a contact surface attached to the tube G, G.
The lanthorn A, A, Figure 10, is to be fixed over this apparatus which
is to be enclosed in a suitable case N, N, so that the tube enters through
a slot O¹, O2, at its base, and it is moved by means of the electro-magnet
so as to remove the flame from opposite one bull's eye and bring it
opposite to the centre of the other bull's eye, when the rod will rest
in the position shewn by the dotted line B, F, Figure 9. In this
way I avoid the great wear and tear of rotating lanthorns, and the
uncertainty arising from expansion and contraction of long draw wires.
The apparatus is fixed at any required distance from a signal box,
and is placed in electrical communication with a "repeater" fixed at
such box. Whenever it is necessary for a signalman to change his
signal, say from red to green, he turns on an electrical current by means
of the transmitting plunger of the "repeater," which actuating the
electro-magnets at the lanthorn causes the tube carrying the flame

page_text: to be brought behind the green bull's eye, and this signal will continue
to be exhibited so long as the electric current traversos the circuit ;
and further, by an automatic contact spring it causes the corresponding
indicator in the "repeater" to exhibit a similar signal, thereby assuring
the signalman of the correct working of the distant apparatus.
This apparatus can be worked either direct from the signal box or
from a distant signal to a point still further beyond whereto the present
signal wires could not be wrought.
My Invention also relates to improvements in single stroke magnetic
signal bells. Hitherto an electro-magnet and armature have been
employed and operated upon by currents of electricity transmitted
from a signal box, but for long circuits this arrangement has proved
unsatisfactory, requiring either large battery power or a separate relay.
Now in my improved arrangement I fix a spring in such position
that immediately the armature of the electro-magnet begins to move
it makes contact with an insulated plate in connection with the home
battery, and thereby turns on the full force of the home battery through
the coils of the electro-magnet in the same direction as the line current
is already flowing through them. As the armature completes its stroko
a second spring in connection with the battery is forced away from its
contact stop, and thus the local circuit becomes broken. Upon tho
current from the line circuit ceasing to flow the armature falls back
to its normal position.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, represent this arrangement, Figure 1 being
a ground plan, Figuro 2, an elevation (the same letters referring to
the same parts in each Figure). A, A, the clectro-magnet; B, B, the
armature; C, the hammer bob; D, D, the bell; E, the plunger or
transmitting key; F, a spring attached by G the cock fixed to the
armature B; H, H, an insulated plate or rocking lever suspended by
I, I, the centres; K, a second spring making contact with L, L, an
insulated cock; M, a pin attached to the armature B for the purpose of
forcing away the spring K from the cock L or contact stop at the
moment of the armature completing its stroke; N is a nib fixed near
the centres I, I, at the upper end of the plate H, H; O is a corre-
sponding nib secured to P the bent spring fixed to L, L; Q is a terminal
whereto one pole of the local battery is attached, thereby communicating
to the cock L, L, by means of the spring K; R is a pin projecting
parallel with the armature which serves to force back H, H; to its

page_text: .normal position. It is thus evident that the moment the armature B
commences to be attracted by the current from the line circuit traversing
the coils of the electro-magnet A the spring F makes contact with the
insulated plate H, H, when the local circuit is immediately closed, one
pole being in connection with K by means of the terminal Q, and the
,other pole being in connection with one end of the coil wire of the
electro-magnet A, whilst the remaining end of the coil wire is attached
to the uninsulated bed plate of the apparatus. As the armature moves
forward it forces with it the plate H, Ĥ, and near the completion of its
stroke the nib N. passing the nib O causes the plate H, H, to assume
the position of the dotted line, and the pin M coming immediately
afterwards in contact with the spring K severs the continuity of the
local battery. Upon the cessation of the line current the armature
resumes its normal position, and in recovering itself the pin R forces
back the plate H, H, while the spring P causes it to be jerked against
its set screw S ready to be operated upon by a succeeding line current.
The dotted lines T,-T, at the base of the instrument represent a spring
which is attached to the line wire in connection with the distant station.
The spring is represented as pressing against the stop U which is in
connection with the coil of the electro-magnet A. V is a second spring
placed immediately under T and is in connection with one pole of the
local battery.
I sometimes employ a small permanent magnet or a second armature
to close the local circuit, either being operated upon by the line current.
This permanent magnet is to be suspended in place of H, H; one pole of
the electro-magnet is to be prolonged laterally, so that when the electro-
magnet is excited by the line current the permanent magnet instantly is
attracted to the lateral projection and making contact with a spring
turns on the local current. Upon the cessation of the line current the
pin R forces back the permanent magnet to its normal position. Thus
by the line circuit and local circuit acting in unison I obtain, even
through considerable resistances, decisive blows on the bell without
augmentation of battery power.
. By suitably adjusting the contact springs a continuously trembling
bell can be produced, called into action by a single intermittent current
from a distant station.
I claim as my improvements in electro telegraph apparatus for train
signalling on railways,-

page_text: 1st. The means of counteracting loss of magnetism in the permanent
magnets by causing the working currents to pass always in the same
direction through coils wound around the said magnets, substantially as
described in respect to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1.
2nd. The means for giving angular motion to an arm, substantially as
described in respect to Figures 3 and 4, where the frame A, when the
arm is raised, forms an efficient armature to the magnet, so that a feeble
current suffices to maintain it in position.
3rd. The means to be used in connection with distant signals for
making and breaking electric contacts, substantially as described in
respect to Figure 5, when an india-rubber tube serves both to enclose
and protect the contact points and as a spring admitting of their
separation and approach.
4th. The means to be used in connection with signal lanthorns for
making electric contacts, substantially as described in respect to
Figures 6, 7, and 8, where the contact points move together when
influenced by the expansion of the air or other material employed, but
no longer so where contraction commences, so that an indication is given.
very shortly after extinction of the flame.
5th. The means for working ground and distant signalling dispensing
with a pull wire by giving motion to a burner by means of electro-
magnetic apparatus, substantially as described in respect to Figures 9
and 10.
6th. The means for sounding signal bells, substantially as described in
respect to Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, where the bell apparatus works in
conjunction with a local battery and serves as its own relay.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Tyer, have hereunto set my
EDW³. TYER. (L.S.)