matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING AND REGULATING THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT IN LAMPS, TO WHICH I GIVE THE NAME OF UNIVERSAL LAMP REGULATOR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Eckhorn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1859.
I, HEINRICH ЕCKHORN, of No. 24, Cranbourne Street, Leicester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, and of Bieberich, in the Duchy of Nassau, Manu-
facturer of Lamps, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVING AND REGULATING THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT IN LAMPS, TO WHICH
I GIVE THE NAME OF UNIVERSAL LAMP REGULATOR,'" to be as follows, that is
to say :-
The universal lamp regulator is formed by a moveable cylinder, which is
introduced into the lower part of another moveable concentric cylinder, which
latter is closed at the top; the same is fitted to any lamp with an argand
burner.
The said universal lamp regulator may be contracted or enlarged, raised
or lowered, in such manner that the admission of air to the lamp is under
perfect control, whereby the complete consumption of the oxygen. and of the
combustible matter, be the same animal, vegetable, or mineral oil, gas, or
anything else, is effected without leaving any smoke or smell, and a. light
produced of a brightness never before obtained.-
The said universal lamp regulator may be constructed from any metal, glass,
or similar matter in any shape and any dimensions required. What admirable
effects have been obtained by the said universal lamp reguator is most

page_text: satisfactorily shown by the trials made at the laboratory of the Polytechnic
School at Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg, the result of which were
following:-
Oil consumed during one hour in a lamp with a wick of 2" diameter :-
1. Common lamp oil (once purified 1.5 loth), 1 loth equal to half an
ounce English weight), giving a light equal to 5.9 stearin candles.
2. Train oil
1.5 loth, giving a light equal to 4.9
satisfactorily shown by the trials made at the laboratory of the Polytechnic
School at Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg, the result of which were
following:
-
Oil consumed during one hour in a lamp with a wick of 2" diameter :-
1. Common lamp oil (once purified 1.5 loth), 1 loth equal to half an
ounce English weight), giving a light equal to 5-9 stearin candles.
2. Train oil
-
3. Mineral oil -
4. Slate oil
1.5 loth, giving a light equal to 4.9
93
1.4
-
1.2
"
1.6
5. Resin oil -
وو
"
5.2
"
6.2
"
4.5
"
"
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THE MANUFACTURE OF A COLORING MATTER FOR COLORING SPIRITS. BEERS, VINEGAR, AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND BEVERAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Manbré at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th September
1859.
I, ALEXANDRE MANBRÉ, of No. 10, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF A COLORING MATTER FOR COLORING SPIRITS.
BEERS, VINEGAR, AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND BEVERAGES," to be as follows:-
A coloring matter for coloring spirits, beers, vinegars, and other liquids or
beverages, which is obtained from the sugars extracted from these products,
viz. rice, maize, carrots, maple, ananas, pompions, chestnuts, mangel wurtzell,
sorgho, turnips, and Jerusalem artichokes, by burning them until they are
converted into caramel or coloring matter, and for that purpose I put into a
vessel of any suitable kind and capacity, capable of being heated from a naked.
fire or otherwise, the quantity of any the aforesaid sugars wanted, then the sugar
is heated up to be burnt until it has lost all its sweetness or flavour of sugar;
I then add the quantity of water required, and boil it as usual. If the coloring
is wanted to be solid, it should be taken out of the vessel before adding any
water.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TURKEY RED DYEING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Duncan Proudfoot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1859.
I, DUNCAN PROUDFOOT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TURKEY RED DYEING," to be as follows, that is to say:—
This Invention relates to the application and use of the fruit or produce of
the velani tree, or Turkish oak, in the preparing and dyeing of cotton cloth and
yarns according to the Turkey red process.
The new article is employed in all cases where galls and sumach are used
with alum and other salts of alumina, and the result is that it makes the colour
more fast than at present, whilst it effects very great economy in the cost of
the process.
Although the new application is especially intended for use in Turkey red
dyeing, it is also available in the production of other colours.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CRINOLINE SKIRTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1859. A communication from abroad by Jonathan Hobson, of New
York, in the United States of America.
I, ROBERT GRAY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Crinoline Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CRINOLINE SKIRTS," (being a communication from abroad by Jonathan
Hobson, of New York, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
The crinoline hoops used for distending ladies' dresses have hitherto been
attached to the cords or tape which connect them, and to which they are
suspended by being sewn or tied thereto. I propose to attach them by
metallic clasps or fastenings, so constructed as at once to embrace both tape
and hoops (or the vertical and horizontal parts), and connect them by pressure,
and also by pressure to unite the ends of the horizontal parts together. The
metallic clasps are formed of pliable material, with indentations on the edges,
in such manner that the projections may be bent around and compressed upon
the crinoline and tape, binding them together by retaining the set or hold
imparted by compression.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1859.-A communication from Mr. A. Milch, of Berlin.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engingeer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BRICKS,"
to be as follows:-
The improved machinery for making bricks, which forms the subject of the
present Invention, is constructed in the following manner :-A wooden drum
is mounted horizontally in bearings, and actuates an endless cloth, which is
passed round it and extends down to the ground, and is supported beneath
by small rollers, so that it may move with facility and carry forward to the
upper or feeding parts of the machinery the clay that is placed thereon. A
chain wheel on the axle of this wooden drum is driven by means of a chain
which passes round a smaller chain wheel on the axle of the feeding or
crushing rollers, which crush the clay and feed it forward to the pug mill.
These rollers are so mounted and arranged, that should stones or other hard
substances be found in the clay, the rollers will yield, but will be brought back
to their original position by springs, counterweights, or other equivalent con-
trivances. The clay is conducted down to a horizontal cylinder, around which
are arranged moulds for the bricks, each mould being fitted with a moveable
piston, the surface of which is sanded by means of a suitable apparatus before
the clay is supplied. By the rotation of the mould drum, the moulds are

page_text: brought under the action of a presser wheel, which forces the clay with con-
siderable pressure into all the interstices of the moulds. The clay is submitted
to a second pressure by being brought under the action of a second presser,
while the pistons are also pressed from behind.. The bricks, after being duly
pressed, are forced out of the moulds by causing the rods at the back of the
pistons to be brought against a wheel, which will force them outwards and
deliver the bricks on to a plank or board placed on a travelling belt or cloth,
whereby they are carried out of the machine. It should be understood that
the machine is provided where required with sanding apparatus and knives or
scrapers to prevent the clay from sticking to the moulds, pressers, or other
parts of the machinery. The mould cylinder is not mounted on an axle, but
is supported upon a pair of antifriction rollers, to which motion is communi-
cated from any prime mover, and thus the mould cylinder is caused to rotate.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FOG HORNS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bishop Cornish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1859.
I, GEORGE BISHOP CORNISH, of New York, in the United States of America,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FOG HORNS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in applying to fog horns to be used at sea a pair
of hand wind bellows, similar in construction to those now in common use for
domestic purposes, or of any other suitable or convenient shape.
The wind bellows are attached to the fog horn by a union screw joint,
which takes the place of the mouth-piece of ordinary fog horns, and facilitates
the removal of the sounding reed, which requires occasional cleaning or
repairing.
As will be readily seen, the effect of this arrangement is such, that a loud
intermittent blast may be supported for a lengthened period without causing
fatigue to the person using it, as is the case when blown by the mouth. The
wind bellows may be actuated if preferred by any convenient mechanical
contrivance applied thereto.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING PUDDLING AND OTHER REVERBERATORY FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Timmis Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1859.
I, JOSIAH TIMMIS SMITH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING PUDDLING AND OTHER REVERBERATORY
FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in heating puddling furnaces and other reverberatory
furnaces used in the manufacture of iron by means of the gases which are
evolved from blast furnaces, applied in the following manner:-The gas from
the blast furnace is conducted to the reverberatory or other furnace, and jets of
condensed atmospheric air are introduced into and mixed with the said gas.
The combustion of the mixed gases produces sufficient heat for the puddling or
re-heating of iron, but I prefer to use the said mixed gases in conjunction with
a fire of the ordinary kind. The condensed air may be used either hot or cold,
but I prefer to use it in a heated state.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE NAILS, AND OTHER WROUGHT NAILS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Till at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1859.
I, THOMAS TILL, of Birmingham Heath, in the County of Warwick, Engineer
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE NAILS, AND OTHER
WROUGHT NAILS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Upon the main or fly wheel shaft I propose, for the purpose of making
horse nails, to attach five cams or eccentrics, upon each of which bears a ver-
tical rod, working in suitable slide boxes. The rods which work from the two
outside cams terminate in bell cranks, from which proceed two horizontal rods,
working also in proper guides or slide boxes, and approaching each other at a
common centre. At the ends towards this centre are attached the hammer
dies, the sections of which are suited for the formation each of one side of the
nail. The middle cam of the five works a vertical hammer die upwards,
forming the under side of the nail, and the remaining pair of cams work ver-
tical rods connected by a cross rod, from the centre of which cross rod bangs a
fourth hammer die, vertically approaching the common centre of the other
three dies. The space thus left between the dies is of the exact form of a horse
nail, and the shaft travelling at a high speed, each nail will receive a great
number of blows. The iron in the form of rods is fed in a highly heated state,
in fact, at a welding heat, in at the broader opening of the dies, and being
forced on to the narrower part, the point of the nail thus receives the greatest

page_text: number of blows, as it would naturally require. As soon as the shaft of the
nail is shaped, the rod is withdrawn and placed under a cutter, by which
a length is severed from the rod at a sufficient distance from the last operation
of the forging dies to form the peculiarly shaped head of a horse nail. For
rose-head nails, a sixth cam and a fifth hammer die will be attached to the
main shaft, to form the top of the head of the nail; but for horse nails, I prefer
to employ, as before stated, five cams working four hammer dies.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING SAFETY RAILWAY BREAK
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Chapman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1859.
I, HENRY CHAPMAN, of Battlebarrow, Appleby, in the County of West-
moreland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING SAFETY RAILWAY BREAK," to be as follows:-
I propose to fix on the centre of the front cross beam of a railway carriage
(engine or tender), a solid piston. From a tube fixed on the back cross beam
of said carriage spring two circular arms, and in the said tube works a piston
with two circular arms, so that when the first-named piston is forced against
the head of the piston with the two circular arms, their heads come against
the heads of breakshafts which act upon springs, such springs gradually ex-
tending until a break cross beam comes in steady contact with and locks or
partially locks the wheels. When the carriage is relieved from pressure the
springs bring the break beam back to its proper position and force out the buffer
shafts. Chains prevent the break from being forced too low, and others retain it
in position when at rest. The break cross beam fixed to act on the front wheels
of the carriage may be fitted to act on all the wheels simultaneously, by placing
it between the front and back wheels of each carriage. From the bottom of the
tube fixed on the back cross beam and centre of the solid piston (first
mentioned) is a straight piston communicating with a break cross beam, which
in violent concussion acts on the hind wheels of the carriage before it. But

page_text: when the arrangement placing break cross beam between the front and back
wheels of each carriage is carried out, the last mentioned cross beam and
appurtenances are not necessary. The springs acting on the buffer shafts serve
by their action on the heads of break shafts to keep the carriage steady.
A NEW PROPELLOR FOR SHIPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Hirsch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1859.
I, HERMANN HIRSCH, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PROPELLOR FOR SHIPS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a rod sliding through a fixed socket backwards and
forwards, caused by any suitable power. This rod has the ends of several
blades jointed to it, while the other ends are jointed by rods to the fixed
socket. When the rod is caused to slide in one direction, the blades are
pushed against the water in which they are immersed, being caused at the
same time to expand. When the rod is caused to slide in the opposite direc-
tion the blades are made to collapse, so as to force the water from between
them, and thus by reciprocating, rectilineal motion is given to the rod. The
blades are always caused to press against the water in one direction, and the
water reacts with corresponding force on the blades.
PAVING ROADS & SURFACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham John Norman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1859.
I, ABRAHAM JOHN NORMAN, of Gore Lodge, Turnham Green, in the Parish
of Chiswick, Co. of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "PAVING ROADS & SURFACES," to be as follows:-
A mode of obtaining an even, durable, and permanent road by laying a flat
under surface made of plates of wood, iron, slabs of slate, stone, glass, earthen-
ware, or any other suitable material under the top stones. The top stones to
be set in with lime, bitumen, asphalte, cement, or other suitable composition.
When wood is used, it would require some material to be laid with it to
preserve the same from damp or rot.
AN IMPROVED SIZE POWDER TO BE USED IN SIZEING COTTON, LINEN, OR OTHER WARPS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nuttall, George Riding, and
William Coulthurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th June 1859.
We, JAMES NUTTALL, of Old Accrington, Beerseller, GEORGE RIDING, of
Clayton-le-Moors, Medical Botanist, and WILLIAM COULTHURST, of Old
Accrington, Chemist, (all in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SIZE POWDER TO BE USED IN
SIZEING COTTON, LINEN, OR OTHER WARPS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to and consists in the use of an improved size
powder or composition in sizeing cotton, linen, or other warps for weaving.
The improved size powder or composition is made from the following
ingredients, and by preference in the following quantities or proportions
namely:
Paris white
Muriate of soda
Farina
Rice flour
Two parts.
-
One part.
-
One part.
One quarter of a part.
The above parts or quantities are worked or mixed up in the form of a
powder, together with a suitable quantity of common flour according to the
particular consistency of the sizes required for sizeing cotton, linen, or other
warps for weaving.
It is also intended that any one or more of the above mentioned ingredients
may be used in making or mixing the size powder either separately or together
with any other of the said ingredients as may be found desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING. STRAW FROM THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Luck at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1859.
I, THOMAS LUCK, of Spalding, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING.
STRAW FROM THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for removing.
straw from thrashing machines. For these purposes an endless band, rope,.
or chain is used, which is guided by means of three pulleys or rollers, in such
manner as to carry away the straw in bundles to any desired height and:
distance from the thrashing machine. To the endless chain, rope, or band,
several straps or cords are attached at intervals, each strap or cord being
suspended from the endless band, rope, or chain, by a short cord or chain;
hooks or fastenings are also attached to the endless band, rope, or chain, one
to each strap or cord, in such manner as to hook or fasten the two ends of such
straps or cords together when bundles or quantities of straw have been placed
therein, and the apparatus is so arranged that the hook or fastening will be
relieved from holding the two ends of the straps or bands when the same
come to the point where the endless band, rope, or chain passes over the pulley
or roller most distant from the thrashing machine. The endless band, rope,
or chain is kept distended by its furthermost pulley or roller being constantly

page_text: attached to and drawn on by a weighted cord passing over a pulley on a
suitable upright. In order to fill the straps or cords with bundles or quan-
tities of straw as they come up to the thrashing machine, a man is stationed
there who fills the straps or cords and hooks or fastens their ends together.
AN IMPROVED CHAIN AND BUCKET PUMP
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fréderic Vasserot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th January 1859.-A communication from André Xavier Dubrulle-
Chevalier, residing at Douai (Nord), in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CHAIN AND BUCKET PUMP," (a communication from André Xavier
Dubrulle-Chevalier, residing at Douai, Nord, in the Empire of France,) to be
as follows, and consists of an iron endless chain formed of long links having
double articulation. Each joint is rivetted by means of a steel bolt. Each
link passes through the center of a bucket, to which it is fixed, the capacity of
the buckets being in proportion to the power to be employed for working the
apparatus. The endless chain passes upon a wheel mounted upon a shaft from
which radiate six spokes, the extremities of which are grooved so as to receive
the chain at the place of its articulations. The six spokes form six distinct
chambers; they have an opening at their bottom, which communicates with a
reservoir; part of this wheel is toothed, and gears with a pinion put in motion
by means of a handle. The action of this arrangement will be as follows:-
The lower part of the endless chain being placed in the water, on motion
being given to the toothed wheel, the chain, and with it the buckets, are
carried upwards, raising the water in the buckets, and discharging it near the
top into the drum, and from thence into the reservoir or other apparatus, the
buckets descending again with their mouths downwards.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RETAINING THE OIL OR OTHER FLUID USED FOR ANNEALING, TEMPERING, AND HARDENING STEEL AT AN EQUABLE LOW TEMPERATURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1859. A communication from abroad by Perry Green Gardiner,
of New York.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RETAINING THE OIL
OR OTHER FLUID USED FOR ANNEALING, TEMPERING, AND HARDENING STEEL AT AN
EQUABLE LOW TEMPERATURE," to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus consists principally of two large iron cylindrical
tanks of the same dimensions, and placed side by side at a short distance from
each other in a suitable timber framing. The tanks are connected by a pipe
near the bottom to allow the fluid to run freely from one vessel to the other.
Within each of these tanks is placed a worm or coil of metal pipe, through
which water is made to circulate for the purpose of keeping the oil cool. A
sufficient space is left at the centre of the coils in one of the tanks for a well in
which the springs or metal may be plunged and withdrawn without interfering
with the coils. These tanks have moveable covers which are perforated with
small holes, and the cover of the immersion tank has a circular opening at the
centre large enough to admit the springs or pieces of steel with facility. The
small holes in the cover act as strainers for the oil from the springs or pieces
of steel placed upon them. Over and upon the central part of the other tank
there is placed a metallic cylindrical chamber, which contains a central tube

page_text: and a series of horizontal perforated discs. In connection with this chamber
is a pumping apparatus, whereby the heated oil is drawn from the immersion
tank through a suitable pipe and delivered on to the perforated discs of the
upper chamber from which it descends in a shower, and is cooled by currents
of air. The cooled oil runs through the perforated cover of the tank below
into the said tank, and from thence into the immersion. tank, a circulation of
the oil is therefore kept up.
The manner of operating with the improved apparatus is as follows:-The
workman stands upon the cover of the immersion tank, and as the hcated
springs or pieces of steel are brought from the heating oven, he plunges them
into the bath, and withdraws them, placing them upon the cover, where the oil
drains from them and falls back into the reservoir. By this apparatus, and
manner of operating it, a very large number of springs or pieces of steel
may be immersed in the bath throughout the day without, the bath becoming
unduly heated and without suspension of the work.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN NECK-TIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Olorenshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1859.
I, HENRY OLORENSHAW, of the Firm of Herbert & Olorenshaw, of Coventry,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN NECK-TIES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in manufacturing neck-ties, each partly of a single
and partly of a double fabric, the single portion of the tie being a close, and
the double portion an open fabric. I usually employ the double and open
portions as ornamental ends for the tics, but I do not confine myself to this
arrangement, as in other cases I form alternate open and close, single and
double portions throughout the whole length of the tic. I employ the
ordinary loom in manufacturing the improved ties, simply changing the mode
of passing the silk through the harness so as to effect the desired end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR DRYING CLOTHS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1859.-A communication from abroad by Bezaleel Sexton,
of East Windsor, in the County of Hartford and State of Connecticut,
United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY
FOR DRYING CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to avoid the difficulties experienced in the
drying of cloths in the open air and at the same time to leave the cloths, when
dry in as good condition as when thus dried. To this end the cloths or piece
goods to be dried are applied so as to form the periphery of a hollow
vessel, and through it a current of drying air or other gas is passed, by which:
means the following effects are obtained-First, the drying of the cloth more
expeditiously than can be effected in the open air; second, the required and
uniform results in all conditions of the atmosphere; third, the cloth is left in.
as good a condition as if dried in the open air in the best conditions of the
atmosphere; and lastly, when drying napped cloths by the operation of drying,.
the nap is forced out so as to be in a better condition for the after operation
of gigging and napping than can be obtained by any other known mode.
In carrying out this principle of drying two discs or wheels provided with
tenter pins on their peripheries are mounted on a horizontal shaft carried

page_text: by bearings in side standards. On this shaft is cut a right and left handed
thread for contracting or increasing the space between the discs or wheels, and
over these discs the cloth to be dried is stretched. The cloth is led on to the
discs by guide rollers, one of which is provided with a right and left handed
thread for stretching the cloth laterally. The cloth is laid on to the discs by
turning their axle slowly in its bearings, and when lapped nearly round it is
led off by guide rollers to the delivery end of the machine, one of the guide
rollers of which is fluted to take a good hold of the cloth, and being driven
gives the progressive motion to the cloth. The vacant space in the periphery
of the cylindrical or hollow vessel thus formed by lapping the cloth round the
discs is occupied by a guard plate, which is placed over an air channel, and
provided with holes for allowing the free passage of air to or from the hollow
vessel. If this air channel be connected with an air chest it may convey &
blast of hot or cold air to the interior of the hollow vessel, which air playing
upon the back of the cloth will promote rapid evaporation of moisture there-
from; but the channel may also be connected with an exhaust apparatus, and
in that case air will be drawn in through the strained fabric and the moisture
withdrawn therefrom; as the cloth passes off from the discs it may in some
cases be brought with advantage under the action of a rotating brush.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COFFER-DAMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Teasdel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1859.
I, WILLIAM TEASDEL, of Pier, Great Yarmouth, in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COFFER-DAMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar and economical construction of coffer-
dam which the Inventor styles the "Nautilus coffer-dam," whereby a con-
siderable saving of time and material is effected in its construction, whilst it
is maintained perfectly water-tight to the ground without the laborious process
of clay puddling. This dam is planked vertically on horizontal "waling," and
is caulked with a single tier of sheet piles driven a short distance into the
ground, with at intervals a wedging or closing pile. In some cases where the
bed is composed of stiff mud, clay, or peat, the sheet piling may be dispensed
with, the settling down of the dam being effected by the aid of hollow air-tight
wings placed at the sides thereof, into which wings water may then be
allowed to enter, or bags of ballast introduced for the purpose of sinking the
dam, and keeping it firmly down upon the bed. To prevent the pressure of
water underneath the bottom of the dam, stout canvas aprons are secured. to
the lower part thereof, and fastened on the outside of the dam to a chain, and
drawn out so as to lie on the bed, and held down by sand bags. or other
suitable ballast.
The piles are confined between double wales at back and. front,. the back

page_text: wales being part of the structure, whilst the inner ones are free to be raised
or lowered, secured by uprights and fastened by screw eye-bolts. This dam
is particularly adapted for working across or under the bed of rivers, canals,
or tidal harbours, for the laying of water pipes, drain or sewer pipes, gas pipes,
piers of bridges, and other structures, as by means of the wings above referred
to, it can be floated in very shallow water, and placed in any desired position,
and secured therein by suitable guard piles at each corner.
When required
for single piers and deep water, it may be floated by means of a false bottom,
and when the structure is complete, one end of the dam is removed, and the
whole taken for a second pier.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE STEEL FOR LADIES' DRESSES, SKIRTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bestwick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th June
1859.
I, WILLIAM BESTWICK, of Salford, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Crinoline Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE STEEL FOR LADIES' DRESSES,
SKIRTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The crinoline steel is fluted longitudinally or parallel with its length instead
of employing it plain, which improved mode of fluting prevents torsion and
produces a greater amount of strength in proportion to any given weight of
material, than in any form hitherto employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE FURNACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rothwell Rostron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1859.
I, JAMES ROTHWELL ROSTRON, of Edenfield, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in locomotive furnaces relates to arrange-
ments of the fire-bars, so that one end of them can be raised and lowered by
means of a lever and suitable apparatus for the purpose of breaking or dis-
turbing the clinkers or matters adhering to them, and thereby clearing the
fire. I arrange the fire-bars in a radial form, and joint or support the extreme
ends so as to move as on a joint at that point, while I rest the ends towards
the centre on a centre piece clipping them, which piece is raised and lowered
by a rod in connection with the lever or hand apparatus before mentioned.
Instead of arranging the fire-bars radially, I can arrange them in two or more
sets, each bar of a length equal to half the breadth of the fire-box, and so as to
meet in a line up the centre of the fire-box; the lifting piece occupies the line,
and is actuated so as to lift and lower the bars by the lever or hand gear as
before mentioned. Thus the centre of the fire & bars at that point may be
raised considerably above the level of the jointed ends, or lowered below that
level, the effect of so lifting and lowering being to clear the bars as before
mentioned. Instead of all the bars rising and falling together, each alternate
bar may be connected in separate series, so as to raise or lower one-half of
them at a time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RESISTING SUDDEN AND CONTINUOUS PRESSURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1859.-A communication from abroad by Charles Perratone,
Engineer, and Messrs. J. F. Cail & Co., Mechanicians, of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR RESISTING
SUDDEN AND CONTINUOUS PRESSURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of an efficient and economical
substitute for the plate springs used chiefly in mounting carriage bodies on
To this end curved bars of steel or other suitable resilient
their frames.
substance are employed.
In making a spring two of these curved bars are connected together at
their extremities by coupling pins, to form an ellipse or double bow. To the
upper bow a saddle piece is jointed to carry the load or the body of the
carriage (as the case may be), while to the lower bow the axle for the running
wheels is secured by bolts. In some cases the lower bow is made of two
curved bars connected together, by both being jointed to a central shackle
piece to which the axle is attached.
Another mode of imparting the pressure of the load to the spring is by
connecting the opposite ends of the spring together by means of rods, through
the outer extremities of which the pins which couple the curved bars together

page_text: pass. The inner ends of these rods are jointed to a metal block which bears
the load, and a vertical guide rod attached to this block passes through the
upper bow of the spring. Thus the pressure of the load is taken inside
instead of outside of the ellipse. In some cases an efficient spring may be
made by the use only of one curved bar.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE SWITCHES FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Buckham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1859.
I, THOMAS BUCKHAM,. of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE SWITCHES FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the switches employed for guiding railway trains
and engines from one line of rails to another, and consists in a novel mode of
uniting the end of the tongue or moving rail of such switches to the abutting:
rail of the line by a system of hinges or jointed fish-plates, instead of by a pin:
passing through the rail and chair as heretofore.. The straps of the said hinges.
or jointed fish-plates are securely bolted to the body of the tongue rail on one
side and to the abutting rail on the other, thus forming a hinged fish-joint,
giving perfect stability and security to the tongue, and at the same time
freedom of movement, which is effected by the upper jaw of the hinge joint
acting as the centre or fulcrum on which the tongue turns, whilst the lower
jaw has its hole (in which the joint pin fits) slotted in the direction of motion:
I would here observe that the said hinged fish-joint above described may
be placed on either side or on both sides of the body of the tongue and
abutting rails but the latter, being more secure and steady is preferred.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wells at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1859.
I, WILLIAM WELLS, of Greetland, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING
COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to self-acting mules and jennies, and the improve-
ments consist in the use or employment of a screw or screw shaft, for putting
up and drawing out the carriage instead of bands and pullies, as heretofore
employed for that purpose, whereby I obtain a more steady motion of the said
carriage, and consequently am enabled to produce a better quality of yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, AND IN PRESSURE REGULATING APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Linmere Dowie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1859.
I, ANDREW LINMERE DOWIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS, AND IN PRESSURE REGULATING APPARATUS FOR
THE SAME," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of gas burners
in such a manner as to insure the obtainment of a brilliant light, together with
great economy in the consumption of gas. The top of the burner is bell-
shaped, or rounded off with a pretty broad flange all round it. Through this
flange inclined holes are bored up from beneath in such a way as to conduct
jets of air diagonally into and across the gas flame. This keeps up an efficient
supply of air, and the flame burns with superior brightness.
This Invention also relates to the arrangement and construction of the
sockets or holders in which gas burners are set, and to apparatus or details
contained within such sockets for the purpose of regulating the flow or supply
and the pressure of the gas at the point of combustion. The improved sockets
are cast in brass or other suitable metal in two separate sections, which are
screwed together. The lower section consists of a tubular portion of small
diameter, which fits into the end of the gas pipe. The extreme lower end
of this tube is formed with three or other number of angular faces, in each
of which is bored a small hole so inclined as to diffuse or spread about the

page_text: entering gas in the interior of a conical chamber which forms the upper end
of this lower tubular piece. The upper section of the chamber or socket is
formed with a cylindrical chamber at its lower part, where it is screwed on
to top of the lower section, and at the top of this cylindrical portion is a narrow
passage or neck opening into the interior of a spherical chamber, in the top of
which is the recess or socket for the burner. The upper portion of the bore
of the cylindrical chamber is of a conical form, and in it there is placed a
perforated disc of pasteboard or other suitable vegetable medium, and beneath
this disc is a disc of thin cloth or other suitable animal medium or material.
The entering gas is diffused across the interior of the lower and cylindrical
chamber beneath the two permeable discs within it, and it then escapes through
the narrow neck passage above into the interior of the spherical chamber or
reservoir above, whence it passes at once to the burner. In this
In this way the
unsteady rush of gas is checked and subdued, the flame burns with a clear
and brilliant light, and the consumption of gas is greatly reduced.
AN IMPROVED PORTE-JUPE,' OR APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING DRESS SKIRTS AND OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
4th October 1859.-A communication from Louis Auguste Mangin,
residing in Paris.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTE-JUPE,'
OR APPARATUS FOR SUSPENDING DRESS SKIRTS AND OTHER OBJECTS," (a com-
munication,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in an improved form of the apparatus known in
France as the "porte-jupe," and generally employed for suspending the skirts
of dresses. The apparatus of this kind at present in use is composed of a pair
of metallic jaws hinged at the top, the separation when open being maintained
by an intermediate spring, while the closing is effected by an outer slide
ring.
A
In the improved form the body is made of a single band or strip of metal
bent in the middle, so as to take the shape of a pair of sugar tongs, curved
outwards near the lower extremities, the points being re-curved inwards.
longitudinal slot is cut in the upper part of each branch to about one-third of
their length. Into each of these slots is fitted the end of a metallic V-piece passing
through a stop on each side, and hinged at the apex, which faces the
open end
of the branches. The ends of the V-piece when thus inserted in the slots are

page_text: turned over, so as to form a pair of ears at the outside. When the apparatus
is to be closed on the skirt or other object to be suspended, the V-piece is
drawn upwards by its ears, which run in the slots. By this movement the
branches are brought together; and hold firmly the tissue or other matter
placed between them. Instead of a hinged V-piece, as above described, the
closing may be effected by means of a small bar, one end of which is fixed to
one branch of the apparatus, while the other passes through a slot in the
opposite branch, and is hinged to a small excentric lever, the depression of
which on the outside locks the jaws on the object placed between them. In
either of these forms the apparatus is completed by a cord or other suitable
means of suspension passed through the bend at the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUM OR DEXTRINE AND THEIR COMPOUNDS FROM STARCH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left-by Thomas Hyland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1859.
I, THOMAS HYLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
England, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUM OR DEXTRINE AND
THEIR COMPOUNDS FROM STARCH," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to increase the strength or thickening power
of gum or dextrine and their compounds prepared from starch, and it consists
in employing in the manufacture or preparation of the gum, dextrine, or.
compound, the acid liquor usually called "sours," which is formed by fermen-
tation in the manufacture of starch from wheat, potatoes, or other farinaceous
substance, and which I use alone or mixed with an alkali, either caustic or
carbonated, or with an acid or with water. In preparing the sours or acid
liquor, the wheat, potatoes, or other farinaceous substance is steeped in water,
and the fermentation conducted according to the method well known to starch
manufacturers. The starch is allowed to sink or subside, and the sours or
acid liquor, which is then fit for the purposes of my Invention, is separated by
being drawn off from the tun or vessel in which the fermentation has been
carried on. In the manufacture or preparation of gum, dextrine, or compound
according to my Invention, I take starch either as it is sold or before being
dried, and thoroughly mix or impregnate it with the sours or acid liquor,
either alone or mixed with caustic alkali, carbonated alkali, or with an acid

page_text: gum
or with water, in such proportions as I find necessary and advantageous for
the production of the various kinds or qualities of gums, dextrines, or com-
pounds I wish to produce. The proportion of sours or acid liquor to be used
will require to be varied according to its strength and according to the
description of starch made use of, and also according to the quality of the
desired to be produced. I find that two gallons of the sours are sufficient for
one hundredweight of starch, but I do not restrict myself to these precise
proportions. The starch being properly prepared with the sours or acid liquor
before described, is afterwards dried and calcined in the usual manner of
manufacturing gum or dextrine from starch.
What I consider as novel and original and claim as the Invention to be
secured by Letters Patent in my favor is, the application and employment in
the manufacture of gum, or dextrine, and their compounds, from starch of the
acid liquor called "sours" before described, used either alone or with alkali,
caustic or carbonated, or with an acid or with water as aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING OR RESTORING ANIMAL CHARCOAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cowan and Phineas Cowan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
19th December 1859.
We, JOHN COWAN and PHINEAS COWAN, of the Firm of L. Cowan and Sons,
of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Manufacturers of Animal Charcoal, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REVIVIFYING OR RESTORING ANIMAL CHARCOAL, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Within a pipe, retort, or suitable vessel or receptacle for containing the
charcoal to be revivified, preferring a pipe placed in an upright or nearly
upright position in the furnace or heating apparatus, we provide plates or
deflectors, so arranged that the charcoal in descending the pipe, retort, or
-vessel may be retarded in its gravitation or its downward progress by such
plates or deflectors, and fall or pass from one to another, being by such means
exposed to a considerable amount of heating surface, and suitably agitated in
the course of its progress. Or a twisted pipe or vessel may be employed for
the purpose, presenting, as it were, a series of inclines for the charcoal to
descend along; or a pipe, vessel, or receptacle may be used, provided with a
number of plates or steps arranged within it at suitable angles, and in such
positions as to constitute as it were a sort of spiral staircase for the progressive
descent of the charcoal from step to step. Instead of only using the hot gases
and flames, &c., evolved from fuel for revivifying animal charcoal, superheated
steam may be employed for the purpose, either alone or in combination with
the heat obtained from other sources.