Improvements in Apparatus for Stopping Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Stopping Engines.
I, CHARLES ALBERT HATCH, of Number 113 Trumbull Street, in the City of
Hartford, in the County of Hartford, and State of Connecticut, United States of
America, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus by means of which a steam
engine may be stopped either at a distance from the engine or by the movement of
a part of the engine; and to this end my invention consists in the details of the
several parts making up the apparatus as a whole and in the combination of such
parts as more particularly hereinafter described and pointed out in the claims.
Referring to the drawings:
Figure 1 is a plan view of my apparatus with parts broken away to show
construction.
Figure 2 is a detail view in side elevation of part of the mechanism on a
plane cutting vertically through the base between the main shaft and the plunger
chamber.
Figure 3 is a detail view in vertical section through that part of the machine
shown in Fig. 2 and looking to the right.
Figure 4 is a detail view in cross section of the main shaft.
Figure 5 is a detail plan view showing parts of the clutch mechanism.
Figure 6 is a detail view in elevation showing part of the catch mechanism.
Figure 7 is a detail diagram view illustrating the manner of use of my improved
device when connected with the governor of the engine.
Figure 8 is a detail view showing a form of fastening means for the pull rod
attached to the pawl operating device.
In the accompanying drawings the letter a denotes a base on which in
bearings bis supported a shaft chaving on its outer end a sprocket wheel d
and, preferably at the other end, a spring barrel e, in case where a spring
serves as the motive power for driving the shaft. One end of the spring is
secured in the usual manner to the outer wall of the spring barrel while the
other end is secured to a short shaft a' that projects into the spring barrel from
the bracket 6' within which it is secured against rotary movement.
The shaft c for a portion of its length is screw threaded as shown and on this
shaft is located a portion of the pawl actuating mechanism consisting of an
adjustable nut and a collar g. Around the periphery of the nut f there is
provided at certain intervals notches within which is located a guide h. The
guide is preferably secured to the top of and extends between the bearings b,
thumb screws h¹ being preferably used for securing it in place so that it may
be easily and quickly removed and replaced in position. The object of this
construction is that the adjustable nut f may be located in the proper position
on the shaft c and then by putting the guide in place so that it is inserted
in one of the grooves in the nut by the operation of the device the nut will
be moved along the shaft the required distance to properly engage and operate
the several devices with which it comes in contact. The collar is held against
rotation upon the shaft c but is free to move lengthwise thereon, the shaft
rotating freely within the collar, and upon this collar y is pivoted a bent lever '
one end g of which is provided with a cam surface 9 adapted to engage the
collar and the other end extending around the collar g and engaging a
collar secured to the pawl i. To the portion g* of the bent lever 7' is pivoted
one end of a rod 9" that extends outward through the side of a case located
I

page_text: upon the base, as shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings. The outer end of this rod
is provided with a suitable handle g for use in operating the trip device by hand.
The under side of this rod is provided with a recess j into which projects a spring
actuated slide that is secured to the side of the casing by means of a pin, the
latter being square and engaging a slot in the slide by means of which the latter
is held against rotation but is free to move lengthwise upon the pin 1. A spring
secured to the side of the casing projects into the path of the slide j¹ and tends
normally to hold it in an upward position to engage the recess ; in the rod 9,
and to the lower end of the slide 1 is secured a pin projecting through the
casing to the outside and provided on its outer end with a proper handle by
means of which the slide may be caused to move out of engagement with the
recess on the rod 9. By this arrangement when the rod go is pulled outward
the slide engages the recess within the rod and holds it in this position until
the slide is released by means of the pin j, when the rod will automatically be
thrown inward.
next to the
In the upper part and on one side of the bearings-b is borne the pawl i the
inner end of which is bevelled on one side and the outer end being provided with a
pin to limit the lengthwise movement of the pawl. The bearing
spring barrel e is provided with a recess i³ (see Fig. 5), within which is located a
spiral spring on the pawl i, one end of the spring projecting against the
inner end of the socket and the other against the collar . There is located on the
pawl i between the collar and the collar another spiral spring larger
than the spring it, one end of the former bearing against the collar and the
other against the collar i. The collar is loosely mounted on the pawl i the
latter of which has a lengthwise movement therein, and to this collaris pivoted
one end of the trip lever that is also pivoted at its center to a fixed part
projecting from the base and with its lower end engaging a lug located on the
armature of an electro magnet.
Pivoted on the posts and extending across the base to the outside of the
casing is a rod k and on this rod k is secured a contact k³ that rests in one position
against the top of one of the posts k¹ and also against the nut so that as the
latter is moved upon the release of the trip lever from engagement with the lug
of the armature of the electro magnet and under the impulse of the spring it is
thrown down into engagement with the binding post k³, thus closing an electric
circuit and causing an alarm to be rung until the contact is turned up out of
engagement with the post after the engine has been stopped, and the nut has
been returned to its normal position, that is, so that the trip lever engages the
lug on the armature of the electro magnet. An electro magnet is located on
the base a immediately under the parts above described and in such position that
by the pressure of a push button placed in any desired location the electric circuit
will be (in this instance) closed, thus causing the armature having one end
pivoted on the post to be drawn up against the coils of the magnet disengaging
the lug from the trip lever and causing the collar to be forced backward
under the impulse of the spring. A spring is attached to one end of the
armature tending normally to hold it in an outward position and an adjustment
of the outward position of this armature may be gained by use of the adjusting
screw projecting through a screw threaded opening in the post 1, as shown in
Fig. 7 of the drawings.
In bearings secured preferably to the base of the machine is mounted a brake
shaft m on which is secured a gear m¹ in mesh with the gear e on the spring
barrel e; there is also secured to this brake shaft a ratchet wheel n, the outer end
of the shaft being threaded as at m³. There is also located on the base supported
on a suitable standard and in line with the brake shaft m a cylinder o, one end o
which is formed preferably of a screw cap o¹ fitting upon the threaded end of the
cylinder. A threaded flange o projects from the cap o¹ upon which is fitted
screw threaded nut o between the outer end of which and the end of the flange o
may be located a packing o¹ for packing the joint in the usual manner. Projecting

page_text: through the opening o' in the end of the cylinder and also in the nut o' is a
piston rod of having an opening ', the walls of which are screw threaded to fit the
screw threaded end of the shaft m². The piston rod bears the piston of within
one side of which is located the opening o' closed by the valve o⁰ that opens
towards the left hand side of the piston. There is also provided in the piston an
angular opening ol that is adapted to be closed by the regulator consisting of a
rod o projecting through the piston rod and into the opening o", the outer end of
this rod being screw threaded to fit a screw thread in the piston and provided with any
suitable means, in this instance a squared end, by means of which the rod may be
turned to open or close the opening o" through the piston. Within, the cylinder
is placed any suitable fluid, preferably glycerine, this being more especially adapted
to preserve its normal condition through the different changes of the temperature. A
guide pin o is secured in the bearing and projects into an opening o¹ within the
piston rod, thus guiding the latter in its lengthwise movement and holding the same
against rotation. The piston rod extends from the piston through the opposite end of
the cylinder in order to fill the space occupied by the glycerine in its movement
from that side of the piston to the opposite side and thus obviate the creation of a
vacuum within the cylinder. In operation when the device as a whole is set the
piston will be at the left hand limit of its play and when the deviec begins to operate
under the tension of the spring in the spring barrel e the escape of the fluid from the
right to the left hand side of the piston through the opening o" allows said piston to
move to the right at a speed limited by the size of the opening o", through which
the glycerine moves from one side of the piston to the other, governed by the
regulator o. In the opposite novement of the piston the fluid within the cylinder
may move freely from the right hand to the left hand side of the piston through
the opening above mentioned and in addition thereto through the opening o³. This
opening being closed by the valve o in the opposite movement of the piston.
A governor p of ordinary construction that is usually located on an engine or
like motor in connection with which this device is used may operate to release the
trip from the armature by being connected up within the circuit as follows
and as shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings. The wire p' extends from the battery to one
of the contacts p³ located on a bracket p³ underneath the governor and a wire p¹
extends from another contact through the coils of the electro magnet and back to
the battery. In the operation of this device as the engine attains a greater speed
the balls of the governor are thrown outward by centrifugal force until the down-
ward movement of the rod causes the adjustable shoulder located thereon to
close the contacts p thereby closing the circuit and drawing the armature l¹ against
the coils, thus releasing the trip and operating to stóp the engine.
A chain y extends around the sprocket d and around a sprocket q₁ fast to the
throttler so that by the movement of the latter the device may be set in position
to operate upon the release of the trip ??.
The operation of the device is as follows:
The trip having been engaged with the lug on the armature the turning
of the hand wheel located on the throttle valve through the medium of the sprocket
wheels and d and the chain 9 operates to turn the main shafte of the device
causing the adjustable nut to move to the left as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings.
This will cause the cam surface g³ located on the end g' of the arm g³ to slide along
the nut funder the impulse of the larger spring acting against the spring, thus
throwing the pawl gradually into engagement with the ratchet on the wheel n until
the nut has been disengaged from such surface when the pawl is then in full
operation in connection with the said ratchet wheel. The hand wheel on the
throttle is turned until the throttle has been opened to the desired distance when
the device is set and in readiness to operate to shut down the engine. Closing the
electric circuit as by the pressing of a button placed in any desired locality or by
the action of the governor as before described causes the armature to be drawn
against the coils thus releasing the trip lever i from engagement with the lug
on the armature and throwing the collar quickly to the left upon the pawli and

page_text: under the impulse of the spring. The movement of this collar causes the
contact to be thrown down in engagement with the post k³, thus closing the
circuit and causing a bell located in any desired position to be rung until the contact
is moved out of engagement with the post . The release of the trip lever and
the consequent movement of the collar to the left releases the tension on the
spring, thus causing the tension of the spring to force the pawl i out of
engagement with the ratchet teeth on the wheel n. This allows the spring located
in the spring barrel e to operate to revolve said spring barrel and consequently the
main shaft c and through the sprockets d and q' and chain y operates to shut off
the steam by closing the throttle r. The revolution of the shaft c causes the nut f
to be moved to the right until it comes in engagement with the nut located on
the pawl moving the former to the right and causing the trip lever to be again
engaged with the lug on the armature l'. The movement of this collar ³ to the
right has also placed a tension on the spring and caused the bent lever g¹ to
come in contact with the collar f, the position occupied by the device in the normal
position of the parts.
The apparatus is adapted to be operated by means of a push button or like
device, or as many of them as may be desired, located in any part or parts of the
factory within which is located the machinery desired to be driven by the motor,
the circuit preferably remaining open and being closed by the pushing of the
button or by a movement of some part of the motor. The closing of the circuit
causes the armature to be drawn toward the magnet and by this movement of the
armature the catch is released.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :
1. In an apparatus for stopping an engine or other motor, in combination, a
spring actuated shaft having a threaded portion, an actuating spring with one end
secured to the shaft and the other to a fixed part of the frame, a gear wheel fixed
to the shaft and engaging a gear wheel on the brake shaft, a pawl adapted to
engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel located on the brake shaft, the pawl tripping
mechanism substantially as described, and a fluid brake comprising a cylinder filled
with liquid and a reciprocating piston fitting the threaded end of the brake shaft,
all substantially as described.
2. In an apparatus for stopping an engine or other motor, in combination, a
spring actuated shaft having a threaded portion, a gear wheel secured to the shaft,
the shaft actuating spring, a brake shaft having a gear wheel in mesh with the
gear wheel on the main shaft, a ratchet wheel located on the brake shaft, a pawl
adapted to engage the teeth on the ratchet wheel, the pawl tripping mechanism
substantially as described, a fluid brake comprising a cylinder filled with liquid
and a reciprocating piston fitting the threaded end of the brake shaft, and a
regulating device for controlling the movement of the piston, all substantially as
described.
3. In an apparatus for stopping a steam engine or other motor, a spring actuated
shaft, a ratchet located in operative relation to said shaft, a pawl engaging said
ratchet, the pawl tripping mechanism substantially as described, and a brake device
consisting of a cylinder filled with liquid, a piston movable within said cylinder,
a piston rod attached to the piston and having one end screw threaded and engaging
a screw threaded member in operative engagement with the main shaft, all
substantially as described.
4. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft, a
brake device substantially as described located in operative relation to said shaft,
a ratchet, a spring actuated pawl adapted to engage the ratchet, the pawl operating
device mounted on the main shaft and provided with means for holding the pawl
automatically out of engagement with the ratchet, and the trip operating device,
all substantially as described.

page_text: 5. In combination in an apparatus for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft
whereby the rotation of the latter is governed, a spring actuated pawl adapted to
engage the ratchet, a nut borne on the threaded portion of the shaft, the mechanism
substantially as described for controlling the movement of the pawl, and the trip
device, all substantially as described.
6. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet borne in operative relation to said shaft
whereby the shaft is held against rotation, a spring actuated pawl adapted to engage
the ratchet, a nut borne on the threaded portion of the shaft and adapted to engage
the pawl controlling mechanism, the pawl controlling mechanism substantially as
described, the collar loosely mounted on the pawl in the path of movement of the
nut on the main shaft, and the trip lever pivoted to the collar at one end
with its other end engaging a trip device, all substantially as described.
7. In combination in an apparatus for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft,
a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft whereby the latter is held
against rotary movement, a pawl adapted to engage the ratchet, a spring located on
the inner end of the pawl and bearing against a collar integral therewith, the collar
located on the end of the pawl controlling mechanism and secured to the pawl, the
spring located between this collar and the collar loosely mounted on the pawl, the
collar loosely mounted on the pawl, the trip lever pivoted at its center with one end
pivoted to the collar loosely mounted on the pawl and the other end in engagement
with the trip device, all substantially as described.
8. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft
whereby the latter is held against rotary movement, a spring actuated pawl adapted
to engage the ratchet, a nut borne on the threaded portion of the main shaft and
held against rotation thereon, the collar loosely mounted on the pawl in the path of
movement of the collar on the main shaft, the trip lever having a central pivot with
one end pivoted to the collar on the pawl and the other in engagement with the
trip device, all substantially as described.
9. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft
whereby the latter is held against rotation, a spring actuated pawl adapted to
engage the ratchet, the tripping mechanism substantially as described having a part
joined up within an electric circuit, an alarm also connected up within said circuit
and adapted to he rung upon the operation of the trip device, and the lever
supporting the contact whereby the sounding of the alarm is controlled, all
substantially as described.
10. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative connection with said
shaft whereby the latter is held against rotary movement, a pawl engaging the
ratchet, the pawl tripping mechanism substantially as described, the nut located on
the main shaft and adapted to reset the tripping mechanism, the bent lever
supported on a collar loosely mounted on the main shaft with one end integral with
the pawl and the other end having a cam surface located in the path of movement
of the nut on the main shaft, all substantially as described.
11. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft,
a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft whereby the latter is held
against rotation, the pawl adapted to engage the ratchet, the pawl tripping device
substantially as described, the uut located on the main shaft adapted to reset the
pawl tripping device, the pawl controlling mechanism supported on the main shaft
to engage with the said nut, the lever extending to the outside of the case whereby
the pawl controlling mechanism may be operated by hand, all substantially as
described.
12. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft,

page_text: the pawl adapted to engage the ratchet, the tripping device substantially as
described, the pawl controlling device located on the main shaft, the nnt supported
on the threaded portion of the shaft adapted to engage the pawl tripping and the
pawl controlling devices, the lever projecting from the pawl controlling device.to
the outside of the box whereby the former may be operated by hand, and the spring
catch adapted to engage the said lever, all substantially as described.
13. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft
whereby the latter is held against rotation, the pawl engaging the ratchet, the
pawl controlling mechanism substantially as described located on the main shaft,
the nut located on the threaded portion of the main shaft and adapted to engage
the pawl controlling and pawl tripping devices, the pawl trip device in engagement
with the armature of an electro magnet, the armature of an electro magnet adapted
to be moved by the opening or closing of the circuit to release the pawl tripping
device, all substantially as described.
14. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a shaft having a threaded
portion and bearing a spring barrel, th pawl controlling and pawl tripping devices
substantially as described located in operative relation to the main shaft, the nut
supported on the threaded portion of the main shaft adapted to engage the pawl
controlling and pawl tripping devices, the brake shaft having a threaded portion
and located in operative relation to the main shaft, the nut supported
threaded portion of the main shaft and adapted to engage the pawl tripping device,
and the brake consisting of a cylinder containing a piston and piston rod with a
threaded portion adapted to engage the threaded portion of the brake shaft, all
substantially as described.
on the
15. In combination with the spring actuated shaft and pawl operating mechanism
of a device for stopping an engine, a brake shaft having a threaded portion and
supported in operative relation to the spring actuated shaft and bearing a ratchet
wheel in engagement with the pawl of the pawl operating mechanism, a cylinder
supported on a standard, a piston rod located within the cylinder, bearing a piston
and having a threaded portion engaging the threaded portion of the brake shaft
and the relief ports located in the piston, all substantially as described.
16. In combination with the spring actuated shaft and pawl operating mechanism
of a device for stopping an engine, a brake shaft having a threaded portion and
supported in operative relation to the main shaft and bearing a ratchet wheel
adapted to engage the pawl of the pawl operating mechanism, a cylinder adapted
to be filled with a liquid and bearing a piston rod having a threaded portion in
engagement with the threaded portion of the brake shaft, the relief port located
in the piston and provided with an automatic valve, and the port having a valve
controlling the movement of the piston, all substantially as described.
17. In combination with the spring actuated shaft and pawl operating mechanism
of a device for stopping an engine, a brake shaft having a threaded portion and
supported in operative relation to the spring actuated shaft and bearing a ratchet
wheel adapted to engage the pawl of the pawl operating mechanism, a cylinder
adapted to be filled with a liquid as glycerine, a piston located within said cylinder
bearing a relief port open in one movement of the piston and closed in the opposite
movement, the port located in the piston, the piston rod supporting the piston and
held against rotation within the cylinder, and the valve projecting through the
piston rod into the port whereby the movement of the piston may be controlled, all
substantially as described.
18. In combination in an apparatus for stopping an engine, a spring actuated
shaft having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative relation to said
shaft whereby the rotation of the latter is governed, a spring actuated pawl adapted
to engage the ratchet, a nut borne on the threaded portion of the shaft, the
mechanism substantially as described for controlling the movement of the pawl, and
the trip device adapted to be operated by an electric circuit controlled by the
operation of the governor of the engine, all substantially as described.

page_text: 19. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft, a
brake device substantially as described located in operative relation to said shaft, a
ratchet, a spring actuated pawl adapted to engage the ratchet, the pawl operating
device mounted on the main shaft and provided with means for holding the pawl
automatically out of engagement with the ratchet, and the trip device adapted to
be operated by an electric circuit controlled by the operation of the governor of the
engine, all substantially as described.
20. In combination in a device for stopping an engine, a spring actuated shaft
having a threaded portion, a ratchet supported in operative relation to said shaft,
the spring actuated pawl engaging the ratchet, the collar loosely mounted on the
pawl, the trip lever supported on the base with one end pivoted to the collar on the
pawl and the other end in engagement with the trip releasing mechanism, and
the nut located on the threaded portion of the main shaft whereby the trip device is
reset by the rotation of the main shaft, all substantially as described.
Dated this 16th das of August 1893
CHARLES ALBERT HATCH.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.