Improvements in Ventilators.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilators.
I, FRITZ EISENBEIS, Smith, of Wellesweiler, in the Province of Rhineland,
and Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
Ventilators especially the larger ones employed in mines, show great disad-
vantages in the various kinds hitherto in use. On the one hand their action is
accompanied by disagreeable noises and screeching, on the other they use a large
amount of force for a proportionately small amount of work. Furthermore the
work of the regulator cannot be adapted to the existing or desired degree of de-
pression and therefore the latter cannot be regulated; besides the ventilators
have a proportionately great breadth on account of the bearings which are fixed
at a certain distance from the sides of the casing, and thus take up an unneces-
sary amount of room as regards breadth whereas in mines a saving of space is
a great desideratum.
All these disadvantages are to be removed by my invention as represented in
the accompanying illustration.
Fig. 1 shows the new ventilator in a side-elevation; Fig. 2 in a vertical section
through the axle and wheel, in the left half of the figure to section vw, in the
right half to y, Figs. 3 and 4 in a vertical section along the axle in two
different makes; in Fig. 3 the wheel acts on two sides and therefore doubly, in
Fig. 4 only on one side and therefore singly. Fig. 5 shows a wing in transverse
section.
Of the above named disadvantages the roaring and humming, the great amount
of force used for small amount of work done and the unnecessary breadth of the
ventilators are owing to the fact that in the ventilator the air passes through a
ring-shaped slit about the axle into the interior of the casing and arrives here
through slit-shaped interstices between the free lower ends of the wings of the
wheel into the paddle-wheel. During this operation the air is throttled and
carried out of its direction several times before it can be effectively caught and
put into motion.
On the one hand this is the cause that the ventilators act with less effect, both
as regards change of air and the withdrawal of impertities and foreign bodies,
on the other hand it causes the disagreeable roaring and humming.
The bearings of the ventilator must be arranged at some distance from the
casing in order to allow of the air obtaining access to the axle, and this air enter-
ing and streaming past the bearings from all sides carries along with it dust,
particles of dirt and damp, thus dirtying the bearings and causing them to wear
out quickly; while the air that is expelled, which one would otherwise gladly
make use of, is rendered impure by particles of oil from the bearings.
In my construction the air does not enter by a slit, about the axle at the centre
of the wheel, but at a distance from the axle through large openings close to the
circumference of the wheel and thus the fans and the axle are completely separated

page_text: by a ring. To this ring are at the same time attached the lower or inner ends
of the fans and are thus no longer free and open.
The bearings J in which runs 'the axle B carrying the driving-disk C are either
cast on, screwed on or riveted on laterally on the outside of the casing. In the
sides of A, close to the circumference of the wheel, in such a manner however
that the latter is covered for the length of a centimetre or more by the casing
there are openings F to allow the air to enter, beginning at the narrowest part
of the diffusor space 1) and reaching as far as one half or two thirds of the wheel.
The fans G of a section as shown in Fig. 5 i.e. like a paddle with the edges bent
over towards the direction of motion are attached on the one side to a ring or
disk-shaped wall H and at the lower end to the ring K enclosing the space about
the axle.
As shown in Fig. 3 wall B can either lie in the centre of the casing and
the holes F be then arranged on both sides of the casing, or as shown in Fig. 4,
only a side of the casing have holes and wall B the lie on the opposite side;
in the former case the ventilator works or one side only, in the latter case on
both sides.
The ring or rings K are attached to the axle B by means of wheels L wedged
on the latter; the ring K being screwed on to their rim G, while the one end of K
which is supplied with an inner flange d is fastened to the wall H.
The air which enters through F without a great expenditure of force, quickly
and in great quantities is strongly and continuously pressed and moved forward
in the diffusor space which gradually widens from a towards E, and finally driven.
out at the collar E with great force.
In order that it may be possible without changing the motion of the ventilator,
to increase or diminish its effect by a simple adjustment worked by hand, ac-
cording to the degree of depression that has been obtained or that it is intended
to obtain, the following arrangement has been made: At the point where
the diffusor space about the fan-wheel begins, i.e. where the casing A
laterally joins the collar E and forms a point directed towards the interior a
flap Mis provided mounted so as to rotate with an axle N lying in the top of
the casing, but as tightly as possible.
This flap generally lies close to the fan-wheel and thus shuts off the diffusor-space
towards E but it can be moved by turning it away from the fan-wheel and to
such a distance that it lies right across the free section of the collar E. M is of
such a size as to close the free section of E to the extent of one half.
According as the valve M is moved away more or less from the fan-wheel C,
it throttles the passing out air more or less i.c. causes a larger or smaller strip
of air about the fan-wheel to become ineffective and motionless, so that it is pos-
sible, when it is perceived that the depression produced by the ventilator is
becoming too great to prevent its becoming still greater and to cause it to become
gradually less, and vice versa.
In order to be able at all times casily and accurately to adjust the valve M
from the outside, I have provided the exterior device visible in Fig. 1.
On the axle N there is driving the axle like a crank the lever 0, which may
be provided with a knob P so that it may be more easily handled, and can slide
acting either with a pressing or spring like action over a curved rib R having
grooves across it, so that it and with the valve M is held fast in the interior in any
desired position.
The grooves oll R can immediately serve as points for the accurate
adjustment of M, but as in the drawing, there may also be an index Q provided
on O, which indicates the position of M on an accurately divided are S.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1897.

page_text: I, FRITZ EISENBEIS, Smith, of Wellesweiler, in the Province of Rhineland,
and Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
Ventilators especially the larger ones employed in mines, show great disad-
vantages in the various kinds hitherto in use. On the one hand their action is
accompanied by disagreeable noises and screeching, on the other they use a large
amount of force for a proportionately small amount of work. Furthermore the
work of the regulator cannot be adapted to the existing or desired degree of de-
pression and therefore the latter cannot be regulated; besides the ventilators
have a proportionately great breadth on account of the bearings which are fixed
at a certain distance from the sides of the casing, and thus take up an unneces-
sary amount of room as regards breadth whereas in mines a saving of space is
a great desideratum.
All these disadvantages are to be removed by my invention as represented in
the drawing filed with the provisional specification.
Fig. 1 shows the new ventilator in a side-elevation; Fig. 2 in a vertical section
through the axle and wheel, in the left half of the figure to section v-w, in the
right half to x-y, Figs. 3 and 4 in a vertical section along the axle in two
different makes; in Fig. 3 the wheel acts on two sides and therefore doubly, in
Fig. 4 only on one side and therefore singly. Fig. 5 shows a wing in transverse
section.
Of the above named disadvantages the roaring and humming, the great amount
of force used for small amount of work done and the unnecessary breadth of the
ventilator are owing to the fact that in the ventilator the air passes through a
ring-shaped slit about the axle into the interior of the casing and arrives here
through slit-shaped interstices between the free lower ends of the wings of the
wheel into the paddle-wheel. During this operation the air is throttled and
carried out of its direction several times before it can be effectively caught and
put into motion.
On the one hand this is the cause that the ventilators act with less effect, both
as regards change of air and the withdrawal of impurities and foreign bodies,
on the other hand it causes the disagreable screeching and groaning.
The hearings of the ventilator must be arranged at some distance from the
casing in order to allow of the air obtaining access to the axle, and this air enter-
ing and streaming past the bearings from all sides carries along with it dust,
particles of dirt and damp, thus dirtying the bearings and causing them to wear
out quickly; while the air that is expelled, which one would otherwise gladly
make use of, is rendered impure by particles of oil from the bearings.
In my construction the air does not enter by a slit, about the axle at the centre
of the wheel, but at a distance from the axle through large openings close to the
circumference of the wheel and thus the fans and the axle are completely separated
by a ring. To this ring are at the same time attached the lower or inner ends
of the fans and are thus no longer free and open.
The bearings J in which runs the axle B carrying the driving-disk C are either
cast on, screwed on or riveted on laterally on the outside of the casing. In the
sides of A, close to the circumference of the wheel, in such a manner however
that the latter is covered for the length of a centimetre or more by the casing
there are openings F to allow the air to enter, beginning at the narrowest part
of the diffusor space D and reaching as far as one half or two thirds of the wheel.

page_text: the axle.
The fans G of a section as shown in Fig. 5 i.c. like a paddle with the edges bent
over towards the direction of motion are attached on the one side to a ring or
disk-shaped wall H and at the lower end to the ring K enclosing the space about
As shown in Fig. 3 wall H can either lie in the centre of the casing and
the holes F then be arranged on both sides of the casing, or as shown in Fig. 4,
only a side of the casing have holes F and wall H then lie on the opposite side;
in the former case the ventilator works on one side only, in the latter case on
both sides.
The ring or rings K are attached to the axle B by means of wheels L wedged
ou to the latter; the ring K being screwed on to their rim c, while the one end of K
which is supplied with an inner flange d is fastened to the wall H.
The air which enters through F without a great expenditure of force, quickly
and in great quantities, is strongly and continuously pressed and moved for-
ward in the diffusor space which gradually widens from a towards E, and finally
driven out at the collar E with great force.
In order that it may be possible without changing the motion of the ventilator,
to increase or diminish its effect by a simple adjustment worked by hand, ac-
cording to the degree of depression that has been obtained or that it is intended
to obtain the following arrangement has been made:
At the point where the diffusor space about the fan-wheel begins, i.e. where the
casing A laterally joins the collars E and forms a point directed towards the interior a
flap is provided mounted so as to rotate with an axle N lying in the top of
the casing, but as tightly as possible.
This flap generally lies close to the fan-wheel and thus shuts off the diffusor space
towards but it can be moved by turning it away from the fan-wheel and to
such a distance that it lies right across the free section of the collar E. M is of
such a size as to close the free section of E to the extent of one half.
According as the valve M is moved away more or less from the fan-wheel C,
it throttles the passing out air more or less i.e. causes a larger or smaller strip
of air about the fan-wheel to become ineffective and motionless, so that it is pos-
sible, when it is perceived that the depression produced by the ventilator is
becoming too great, to prevent it becoming still greater and to cause it to become
gradually less, and vice versa.
In order to be able at all times easily and accurately to adjust the valve M
from the outside, I have provided the exterior device visible in Fig. 1.
On the axle N there is driving the axle like a crank, the lever 0, which may
be provided with a knob P so that it may be more easily handled, and can slide
acting either with a pressing or spring like action over a curved rib R having
grooves across it, so that it and with the valve M is held fast in the interior in any
desired position. The grooves on R can immediately serve as points for the accurate
adjustment of M, but as in the drawing, there may also be an index Q provided
on O, which indicates the position of M on an accurately divided arc S.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. Improvements in ventilators consisting in the arrangement of the air en-
trance openings F in the side (or sides) of the casing A, close to the circumference
cf the fans, in the shutting off of the space containing the axle B from the space
occupied by the fans by the cylinder K and in the arrangement of the movable
valves M between the air exit collars E and the commencement of the diffusor-
space for regulating the air-pump set in motion by the ventilator
2. The arrangement that the fans G have the paddle-shaped section shown in
Fig. 5 and are attached and supported laterally to a wall H and laterally to a
cylinder K enclosing the axle.
3. The attachment of the cylinder K to the axle B by the discs L and of the
wall H to K by the inner flange d at the end of K.

page_text: 4. The attachment of M in the interior of the axle N and of the lever O outside
on the axle N, so that M can be adjusted from outside.
5. The arrangement that O passes with pressure over the grooved rib R, so
that M can be adjusted in any position.
6. The arrangement of the index Q on O and of the scale S on the side of the
ventilator so that the valve M may be accurately adjusted.
Dated this 20th day of November 1897.
For FRITZ EISENBEIS,
Bernhard Brockhues.