Improvements in Drying Kilns for Pottery, Earthenware and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1899--Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drying Kilns for Pottery, Earthenware and the like.
I, CARL DANSARD, of Poppelsdorf, near Bonn, Rhine Province, Prussia, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to an apparatus for drying in a very simple way pottery,
earthenware, and the like, in a longer or shorter time according to the properties.
and drying capacities of the same.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 is a horizontal section of the apparatus
of the invention taken at three different heights. Fig. 1ª a vertical cross section
on line of Fig. 1. Fig. 1b a vertical longitudinal section on line y-y of
Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of a somewhat modified construction and:
Fig. 3 a similar view of another modification, both drawn to an enlarged scale..
Fig. 3 is a section on line ww of Fig. 3.
Referring to Figs. 1, 1ª, 1b, the apparatus comprises a chamber a for the
reception of the goods to be dried; a passage b for supplying and distributing
hot air into the drying chamber a and arranged underneath this latter; a flue c
for the discharge of the used drying air placed alongside the passage 6 and under-
neath the drying chamber a and in communication with one or more chimneys;
a conduit d which receives the hot air from one or more furnaces or heating
appliances and delivers the same into the passage b; e orifices connecting. the:
passage 6 with the conduit d and provided with dampers or slides; passages f
in communication on the one hand with the atmosphere and on the other hand.
with the several drying places of the drying chamber a through the passage b
and also provided with dampers; inlet orifices y into the drying chamber from the
hot air passage b; and outlet orifices therefrom to the flue c.
The passage
may be divided as desired by thin cross walls into compart-
ments such as 1, 2, 3, the length of which is to be calculated according to the
kind of goods to be dried.
The drying chamber a may also in certain cases be divided into compart-
ments 1, 2, 3, of any suitable length by means of removable iron partitions k
placed between sets of drying carriages running on rails and corresponding to.
the length of a compartment of the passage b.
,
The apparatus works as follows:-Air heated by one or more furnaces in com-
munication with the conduit d passes along this latter drawn by the chimney
draught, and through orifices e, into the distributing passage or into compart-
ments such as 1, 2, 3, into which the same is divided and thence through inlet
orifices into the drying chamber a to dry the goods placed therein. It then.
passes, saturated with moisture, through the outlet orifices h, arranged at one
side of the drying chamber, to the flue e by the shortest way to the chimney
or chimneys, no difficulties being caused in the apparatus by condensation.
The whole working of the apparatus takes place on a physically sound basis
as the heated air naturally distributes itself so that the compartment or part of.
the drying chamber in which the goods to be dried are first placed is supplied with

page_text: air at the lowest drying temperature whilst in each succeeding compartment,
into which the goods are drawn at suitable intervals of time, the temperature
is higher by reason of the increasing nearness of the source of hot air.
Having regard more especially to the difficulty of drying goods for which fre-
quently in the early stage of the drying process only a comparatively low tem-
perature is required, any desired reduction of temperature in the several com-
partments may be effected through orifices e from the passages f in communica-
tion with the atmosphere and controlled by dampers or slides for temperature
regulating purposes.
The sets of carriages containing the goods to be dried, each set corresponding
to a compartment or certain length of the drying chamber, are respectively
drawn out of the apparatus at the delivery end of the chamber in the dried state
at suitable intervals of time and the like number of loaded carriages with fresh
goods run in at the other or receiving end of the chamber. In cach forward
movement of the sets of loaded carriages the several partitions are displaced
by said carriages to the extent of the length of a compartment and always coming
to rest over the cross walls i. This arrangement prevents an equalisation of tem-
perature in the several drying compartiments or in the drying chamber a, thus
allowing a drying temperature suitable for each kind of goods to be employed.
It also secures the main object of the invention, namely, the drawing of the drying
air across through the drying chamber a and the discharge of this air in a manner
uninjurious to the goods and by the shortest way after it has become saturated
with moisture.
In Fig. 2 the air passage 6 and flue c are located at each side of the drying
chamber a instead of underneath the same. To prevent cooling at the air dis-
charge orifices chimney like protecting shafts m communicating with the flue c
are provided.
In both of the above described constructions the heated air (mixed with atmos-
pheric air) acts directly but the heated air can also be applied indirectly, in
which case the apparatus is modified as shown in Fig. 3 by the provision of iron
tubes n in the air passage b thus connecting the flue c and conduit d. The flue c
is constructed in two parts c¹, c, the former receiving the fire gases and the lattér
the discharging watery vapours. In this flue construction, as in Fig. 2, to pre-
vent cooling of the outlet orifices / chimney like protecting shafts m are provided
communicating with the flue part 2. By this arrangement the fire gases dis-
charging from c, into the chimney produce the draught for carrying into the
same chimney the watery vapours discharging from c², otherwise ventilating or
exhausting appliances would be required. In other respects the working is similar
to that of the two previously described constructions."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A drying apparatus in which hot drying air is supplied to a conduit d
located at the side of and along the whole length of a drying chamber a to which
latter the hot air is so conducted from said conduit through a large number of
orifices e at right angles thereto and whose cross sectional apertures are controlled
by dampers, that at the receiving end of the drying chamber only a small quantity
of hot drying air is supplied which quantity gradually increases towards the
delivery end of the drying chamber and so that the quantity and temperature
of the hot air supply can be regulated at any desired part of the drying chamber
substantially as described and shewn.
2. In the apparatus referred to in Claim 1, the arrangement of the hot air
supply passages on one side and the waste or used air discharge passages on the
opposite side and lengthways of the drying chamber and so that the drying air
passes across through the drying chamber and is drawn through the discharge
passages, substantially as described and shewn.

page_text: 3. In the apparatus referred to in Claim 1, the arrangement of the flue or
discharge passage c underneath or at the side of the drying chamber a, substan-
tially as described and shewn.
4. In the apparatus referred to in Claim 1, the arrangement of fixed or remov-
able partitions in the drying chamber for the division of this chamber into com-
partments, substantially as described and shewn.
5. In the apparatus referred to in Claim 1, the arrangement of a large number
of passages f underneath the hot air conduit d said passages being provided with
dampers, for the purpose of enabling the drying chamber a to be supplied at all
parts with atmospheric air in any desired quantities, substantially as described
and shewn.
6. A drying apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 1 in which for the
purpose of working with indirectly heated air a number of iron tubes n are
arranged across the passage b which connect the conduit d and flue c together,
substantially as described with reference to Fig. 3 of the drawing.
7. A drying apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 6, in which the flue c
is constructed in two parts c¹, ², one to receive the fire gases and the other the
watery vapours and whereby the discharging fire gases produce in the samo
chimney the draught for the withdrawal of the watery vapours, substantially as
described and shewn.
8. In the apparatus referred to in Claim 7, the arrangement of chimney like
shafts m for protecting the discharge orifices against cooling, substantially as
described and shewn.
Dated thin 1nt
1000
CAPITAINE & VON HERTLING,
8 & 15, Tooks Court, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.