Improvements in Books for Stylographic Manifolding.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Books for Stylographic Manifolding.
I, JACOB LAWSON WORTMAN, of 339 Pennsylvania Avenue, in Washington,
District of Columbia, and United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The drawing represents a perspective view of a book made in accordance with
my invention.
"
My invention relates to an improvement in books of the character employed for
producing at the same moment a written letter or other document and a counterpart
thereof on a separate sheet, the first or so-called ", original" being afterwards
removed from the book, while the duplicate or so-called " copy remains bound in
the book, or vice versa. Books of this nature present two essential characteristics,
the first of which is that the operation of making the copy is simultaneous with
that of making the original, and the second is that the copy or original thus made
is preserved in a permanently-bound condition, like the copies in the ordinary letter-
press copy-book.
The features above named have long been recognized as highly desirable, and
various ways have been suggested for their attainment. Among these may be
mentioned the use of an interposed sheet of ordinary carbon manifolding paper,
the face of which is presented to the under sheet, (intended as the original,) while
the operation of writing is performed with a graphite pencil upon the upper sheet,
(intended as a copy). Another construction involves the use of exceedingly-thin
paper for the copy, and has interposed between this copy-sheet and the sheet intended
to receive the original a sheet of carbon manifolding paper having the carbon on
both sides. The writing in this is performed on the copy sheet, as before, but with
a stylus, a pencil being unnecessary. The objection to both of these constructions
is that the original letter is necessarily written with an easily-eradicated substance,
while the copy, being in the first case written on the upper side of the sheet with a
lead-pencil and in the second case on the reverse side of the sheet with casily-
removed carbon, fails to present that permanency which is essential to the successful
employment of the book in cases, where its use as a record is contemplated. A
further objection to the second form, in which double-faced carbon-paper is employed
with the stylus, is that the legibility of the copy depends upon the degree of
translucency of the paper, and this translucency decreases with the thickness and
hence with the strength of the paper.
The object of my invention is to produce a book in which stylographic mani-
folding of the class described may be performed, by the use of which a permanent
ineradicable record may be made in the form of an exact counterpart of the
In other
original at the same operation by which the original is produced."
words, the object of my invention is a book by the employment of which a
removable letter or written document, written with a stylus, and a permanent
ineradicable counterpart thereof may be prepared at one operation, the counterpart

page_text: remaining bound in the book and presenting a secure, accurate, and unimpeachable
record of the original.
To this end my invention consists in a manifolding-book made up of leaves of
paper or other suitable material bound together, preferably having each alternate
sheet or one sheet in every three or four, or, in less proportion, perforated near its
inner edge for easy removal, and preferably having such removable sheets of greater
thickness and strength than the others, to render it more suitable for use as a letter
sheet, the book being further provided with a sheet of double-faced manifolding-
paper carrying a coloring substance and a permanent vehicle therefor interposed
between alternate leaves and capable of being removed or shifted from between
one pair of leaves to another pair.
To produce the manifold paper for insertion between the alternate leaves of the
book, I prefer to follow the process which I will now describe, but I wish it to be
understood that this is not the only process which may be employed.
I use a common form of wood-pulp paper, say twenty-one pound stock, cut to
proper size, or it may be cut after treatment. I grind a quantity of pigmentary
matter, (such as soluble or insoluble Prussian or Berlin blue, lamp-black or the
like according to the color desired,) to the finest attainable state of division in the
finest grade of sperm oil, preferring that known in the trade as winter bleached oil,
which on exposure to atmosphere at normal temperature, presents great immunity
to oxidation. The paper is thoroughly saturated with this mixture, which may be
diluted or not with volatile oil, though dilution is not believed to be necessary; and
the saturated paper, in piles, is subjected to heavy pressure for about twenty-four
hours, causing an equal distribution of oil and color throughout the sheets. Each sheet
is thereupon rubbed on each side with soft waste to remove in part the surface.
color.
The operation of the manifolding paper when used in connection with the book
is the following: By reason of the treatment above described, the color contained
in the paper does not transfer therefrom, at least to any objectionable extent, on
mere contact or even on very slight pressure, but the application of the amount of
pressure usually obtained in writing with a stylus or pencil causes the exudation
of oil from both surfaces, that is upward and downward, this oil carrying a small
portion of the color, and permeating the fibre of the contiguous sheets of writing
paper making a colored mark in exact counterpart to the mark made with the stylus.
As very little oil is transferred at each pressure, and as the capillary action in the
sheet causes the replacing of oil at the point whence it was removed, it is apparent
that a single sheet may be used for a large number of writings,--four sheets, or
even three being sufficient for a book of two hundred letters. It is important that
the manifold paper when not in use shall be kept out of contact with bibulous or
absorbent material, and I generally provide each book therefore, with a pocket
made of oiled or waxed paper, in which pocket the manifold paper is carried.
The use of a book of the kind described, having a manifolding-sheet of this
description employed in the manner above set forth, preferably with a stylus as the
medium of writing, produces as the original a writing made to all intents and
purposes with a permeating ink and a copy in which the same character of permeating
ink enters the fibre of the copy-paper on the reverse side and appears at the upper
surface. The copy-paper is ordinarily of a more bibulous character, as well as
thinner, than that for the original; but this is not essential to the use of the book,
although the less thin and bibulous the copy-paper is the less distinct is the copy,
owing to the impediment to complete permeation.
As the permeability of the tinctorial substance is entirely independent of the
condition of the copy-paper, except as described above, it is obvious that either
soluble or insoluble colors, or both, may be employed; but I prefer and generally
use the insoluble colors, which will not fade when subjected even to the most
unfavourable conditions, such as long exposure to sunlight; hence the copy produced
possesses not merely the qualities found in the letter-press (wet process) copy,
a durability equal to that of the original manuscript written with insoluble ink.
but

page_text: I desire it understood that while the bound form of book is particularly
desirable I do not limit my invention to this form. The sheets may be
alternately arranged without binding together, and instead of a large number of
sheets in a single volume, bound or unbound, my invention may be used with a
book of only two sheets, or a greater number faid together with an interposed
sheet of double faced oil bearing manifolding paper such as above described, and
such use or modification is included within the terms of my claims.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A book for stylographic manifolding, comprising leaves of paper or the
like, and having interposed between alternate leaves a removable sheet having
on both surfaces a coloring substance, together with a permeant vehicle for the
color, substantially as described.
2. A book for stylographic manifolding, comprising leaves of alternate writing
and copying-paper, the writing paper being provided with perforations for easy
removal, and a removable sheet having on both surfaces a coloring substance and a
permeant vehicle for the color, substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1890.
HERBERT J. ALLISON,
Agent for the Applicant.