IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANHYDROUS CHLORIDES BY MEANS OF SULPHIDES OR THEIR ELEMENTS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan, of 54,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANHYDROUS CHLORIDES
BY MEANS OF SULPHIDES OR THEIR ELEMENTS."-A communication from
abroad by Paul Curie, of Bourdeaux, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 17th November 1868, and dated the 19th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Primerose
Howard Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 19th May 1868.
I, EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, of 54, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANHYDROUS
CHLORIDES BY MEANS OF SULPHIDES OR THEIR ELEMENTS," being a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Paul Curie, of Bourdeaux, in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of
anhydrous chlorides such as those of aluminium, magnesium, and
silicon, by reaction with chlorides such as those of potassium, sodium,
and calcium, or others equally anhydrous, either on such sulphides as.

page_text: those of aluminium, magnesium, or silicon, or on the elements which can
form such sulphides, as aluminous, magnesian, or siliceous earths, and
sulphur or bi-sulphide of carbon. The desired results can be obtained
either by producing the sulphide of aluminium, magnesium, or silicon,
and then reacting with it on a chloride, or else by passing vapours of
bi-sulphide of carbon over a mixture of matters of an aluminous,
magnesian, or siliceous character and a chloride, or again by passing
simultaneously dry hydrochloric acid gas and bi-sulphide of carbon on
the aluminous, magnesian, or siliceous substances, which are to be
employed alone if the production of a simple chloride is desired; or
mixed with an alkaline chloride or base if the purpose is to obtain
a double chloride, such as those generally used for the reduction of
'the before-mentioned metals. It is not, however, necessary in order
to use this process that the sulphide should be transformed into a
chloride by a separate operation and the chloride afterwards reduced
by the ordinary means, as the reactions may take place in a single
operation by heating simultaneously the sulphide employed, an alkaline
chloride, and the reducing metal.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, of 54, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Primerose
Howard Vaughan, Her special licence that I, the said Edward
Primerose Howard Vaughan, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, .should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANHYDROUS CHLORIDES BY MEANS OF
SULPHIDES OR THEIR ELEMENTS," being a communication to me from abroad
by Paul Curie, residing at Bourdeaux, in the Empire of France, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Primerose
Howard Vaughan, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Primerose Howard Vaughan,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in certain improvements which are chiefly
applicable to the manufacture of anhydrous chlorides, such as those of
aluminium, magnesium, and silicium, such results being obtained by
reaction with chlorides such as hydrochloric acid gas, considered as
chloride of hydrogen, those of potassium, sodium, and calcium, or others
equally anhydrous, either on such sulphides as those of aluminium,
magnesium, or silicium, or on the elements or substances which can
form such sulphides, as aluminous, magnesian, or siliceous earths and
bi-sulphide of carbon. The desired results can be obtained by taking
the sulphide of aluminium, magnesium, or silicium, and reacting with
it on a chloride such as those before mentioned, as will be well understood
by persons conversant with chemical operations, but the method which
is preferred is as follows:-The alumina, magnesia, or silica, or the
substance containing the same, is heated to redness in an earthen tube
or retort into which is introduced, either in succession or simultaneously,
vapours of bi-sulphide of carbon and dry hydrochloric acid gas. The
oxides of aluminium, magnesium, or silicium are thus converted, first
into sulphides by the bi-sulphide of carbon and then into chlorides by
the hydrochloric acid gas. The chlorides as soon as they are produced
distil along with the other vapours or gases resulting from the reaction and
which are vapourized sulphur, oxide of carbon, hydrogen, and sulphuretted
hydrogen. The rough chloride of aluminium, magnesium, or silicium

page_text: which has been thus obtained can be collected in a cold receiver and
redistilled at a moderate heat in order to purify it from the sulphur
with which it is mixed, or it may be at once sent through a retort
containing iron filings or shavings heated to redness, when all the
sulphur will be converted into sulphide of iron. The purified chloride
of aluminium, magnesium, or silicium can then be introduced into a
retort or other suitable receptacle containing chloride of sodium and
heated so that the two chlorides will combine and form the double
chloride used for the reduction of the metal as well understood.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner in which it is to be performed, I would observe in
conclusion that what I consider novel and.original and therefore claim-
as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent is, the preparation of anhydrous chlorides
as and by the means herein-before described and set forth, or any mere
modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth
day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight.
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