IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS AND TOOL HOLDERS, AND IN THE MECHANISM FOR ACTUATING THE SAME."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Angus, of the Hermitage, Langly Lane, South
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS AND TOOL HOLDERS, AND IN THE MECHANISM
FOR ACTUATING THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Angus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1880.
JOSEPH ANGUS, of the Hermitage, Langly Lane, South Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS AND TOOL HOLDERS,
AND IN THE MECHANISM FOR ACTUATING THE SAME."
This Invention is designed to facilitate the reduction and manipulation of metals
by the application of improved cutting tools, in the use of which a large saving of
time and tool material (steel) will be effected, and a better quality of finished work
produced during a given time, and at a cheaper rate than can be done by any other
existing method; and also for manufacturing the said tools and appliance at a
small cost.
The Invention consists of a tool on the double cutting principle, a cylindrical
fulcrum tool holder, and tappet gear.
The tool which is of comparatively small proportions is provided with two
cutting edges, constructed to cut both on the up and down strokes. The plane,
square part, or shank of the tool passes through the tool holder and the cylindrical
fulcrum.
The right and left sides of the tool are a free working fit in the tool holder, but
sufficient clearance is allowed longitudinally to let the tool oscillate so as to put one
edge of the tool into a cutting position and at the same time to relieve the previous
cutting edge, and so on alternately at the commencement of each up or down
stroke.
This also acts well as a relieving arrangement for an ordinary tool with one
cutting edge, and by making the cutting edges of tools so relieved as hard_as_
possible-through-being heated to a proper degree and then plunged into cold water
without any tempering they will do a great deal more work.
The tool is a free fit on all its four sides in the cylindrical fulcrum, and is firmly
secured to the same by a set screw.

page_text: The fulcrum is fitted to revolve freely in a cylindrical hole bored transversely in
the end of tool holder, in which it is held by a tail pin, nut, washer, and lock nut.
The fulcrum is also provided with a flange or shoulder to which the bent end of a
tappet rod is attached, by which a vibrating motion is imparted to fulcrum and
tool.
The tool holder may be either square or round.
The tappet. rod is carried from the side to the centre and out at the top end of
holder by a sliding block arrangement so as to enable the holder and tool to be set
to cut at back or front, right or left side, or at any angle in a horizontal plane.
The tappets and gear are actuated by a stationary bracket fixed to frame of
machine. The tappet bracket is also provided with a slot hole to allow the tool
holder, tappet rods, and tool straps to be bodily moved across the face of the
slotting machine ram so as to draw the tool towards the work, providing the work
is so set that the slide screw of machine table has not sufficient travel to move the
work to the tool.
A special provision is made for fixing the round tool holder to slotting machine
ram by means of two pairs of steel gripping blocks, which are fitted to ordinary
tool straps. By simply screwing up or unscrewing the set screws the tool holder
is firmly held to resist the work or released to allow of being set in a different
position.
In order to prevent the tool holder from dropping when set screws are with-
drawn from off gripping blocks a free fitting light steel ring is provided to be
placed on tool holder so as to rest on upper side of one of the steel gripping
blocks.
The ring is secured by a steel set screw, which tightens against a piece of steel
inserted in ring to protect the tool holder from being marked by point of screw.
This arrangement permits the workman to release the tool holder and turn it
around, and to set the tool to work in any position without stopping the machine.
The cutting edges of double tool are so arranged as to obviate the necessity of
altering the existing feeding gear of ordinary slotting machines by having the top
cutting edge of tool thrown slightly forward, so that by simply doubling the
amount of feed (which can be done at once by the ordinary feeding gear) the
bottom edge of tool splits or takes off half the double feed in making the double
stroke, after which, when the tool is tipped by the tappet gear, the top or forward
edge of tool is put into the work at commencement of up stroke and so takes off
the remaining half of feed, by which means the machine is made to perform exactly
twice the amount of work in a given time.
When the double tool is at work the strain is borne by the tool in coming in
contact alternately with opposite ends of slot bole in tool holder. The cylindrical
fulcrum is thus in a neutral position and almost free from any strain, and this
ensures its durability and accurate working of double cutting tool.
As the receding edge of double cutting tool does not drag back on the work the
cutting edge is kept intact and can be made much harder than an ordinary
immoveable tool, so that the work is finished in a better manner.
In order to prevent the metal cuttings from working into the slot hole of tool
holder a vulcanized india-rubber apron is slipped on the tool.
India rubber buffers are also placed on tappets to deaden the impact and prevent
breaking of tappet rods.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Angus in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th September
1880.
JOSEPH ANGUS, of the Hermitage, Langly Lane, South Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS AND TOOL HOLDERS,
AND IN MECHANISM FOR ACTUATING THE SAME."
This Invention is designed to facilitate the reduction and manipulation of metals
by the application of improved cutting tools, in the use of which a large saving of
time and tool material (steel) will be effected, and a better quantity of finished
work produced during a given time and at a cheaper rate than can be done by any
other existing method, and also for manufacturing the said tools and appliance at
a small cost.
The Invention consists of a tool on the double cutting principle, a cylindrical
'fulcrum, tool holder, and tappet gear.
The tool which is of comparatively small proportions is provided with two
cutting edges constructed to cut both on the up and down strokes. The plane
square part or shank of the tool passes through the tool holder and the cylindrical
fulcrum.
The right and left sides of the tool are a free working fit in the tool holder, but
sufficient clearance is allowed longitudinally to let the tool oscillate so as to put
one edge of the tool into a cutting position, and at the same time to relieve the
previous cutting edge, and so on alternately at the commencement of each up or
down stroke or backward or forward stroke. This also acts well as a relieving
arrangement for an ordinary tool with one cutting edge, and by making the cutting
edges of tools so relieved as hard as possible through being heated to a proper
degree and then plunged into cold water without further tempering they will do
a great deal more work. The slotting appliance will be clearly understood by
reference to Figure 3 and the following description :-
The tool is a free fit on all its four sides in the cylindrical fulcrum, and is firmly
secured to the same by a set screw. The fulcrum is fitted to revolve freely in a
cylindrical hole bored transversely in the end of tool holder, in which it is held by
a tail pin, nut, washer, and lock nut. The fulcrum is also provided with a flange
or shoulder to which the bent end of a tappet or fulcrum rod is attached by which
a vibrating motion is imparted to fulcrum and tool.
The tool holder may be either square or round. The tappet rod is carried from
the side to the centre and out at the top end of holder by a sliding block arrange-
ment g, so as to enable the holder and tool to be set to cut at back or front, right
or left side, or at any angle in a horizontal plane.
In slotting or shaping machines the tappet and gear are actuated by a stationary
bracket h fixed to frame of machine. The tappet bracket is also provided with a
slot hole i to allow the tool holder, tappet rods, and tool straps to be bodily moved
across the face of the slotting machine ram so as to draw the tool towards the
work, providing the work is so set that the slide screw of machine table has not
sufficient travel to move the work to the tool.
A special provision is made for fixing the round tool holder to slotting machine
ram by means of two pairs of steel gripping blocks a which are fitted to ordinary
tool straps b, and by simply screwing up or unscrewing the set screws c the tool
holder is firmly held to resist the work or released to allow of being set in a
different position.
In order to prevent the tool holder from dropping when set screws are withdrawn-
from off gripping blocks,, a free fitting light steel ring d is provided to be placed
on tool holder so as to rest on upper side of one of the steel gripping blocks.
The ring is secured by a steel set screw e which tightens against a piece of steel f

page_text: inserted in ring d to protect the tool holder from being marked by point of screw;
this arrangement permits the workman to release the tool holder and turn it around
and to set the tool to work in any position without stopping the machine.
The cutting edges of the double tool are so arranged as to obviate the necessity
of altering the existing feeding gear of ordinary slotting machines by having one
cutting edge of tool thrown slightly forward, so that by simply doubling the
amount of feed (which can be done at once by the ordinary feeding gear) the other
edge of tool splits or takes off half the double feed in making the return stroke,
after which when the tool is tipped by the tappet gear the forward edge of tool is
put into the work at the commencement of next stroke and so takes off the
remaining half of feed, by which means the machine is made to perform exactly
twice the amount of work in a given time.
When the double tool is at work the strain is borne by the tool by coming in
contact alternately with opposite ends of slot hole in tool holder. The cylindrical
fulcrum is thus in a neutral position and almost free from any strain, and this
ensures its durability and accurate working of double cutting tool.
As the receding edge of the double cutting tool does not drag back on the work,
the cutting edge is kept intact and can be made much harder than an ordinary
immoveable tool, so that the work is finished in a better manner.
In order to prevent the metal cuttings from working into the slot hole of tool
holder a vulcanized india rubber apron is slipped on the tool.
India rubber buffers are also placed on the tappets to deaden the impact and
prevent breaking of tappet rods.
The whole Invention will be clearly understood by the following description
taken in connection with the accompanying Drawings :-
In attaching the double cutting tool and holder to a planing machine the motion
for tipping the tool may be taken either from the existing feeding gear or from
the relieving gear which lifts the tool box of some single cutting planing machines
(so as to clear the cutting edge of tool off the work during the return stroke).
In the planing attachment, Figure 2, the cylindrical plug or buffer of the present
relieving gear (which communicates motion from an ordinary single acting cam
and spindle to lift tool box) is removed, and its place in the centre of slide is
supplied by a new double acting specially designed cam B which is fitted with a
feathered key, so that it can slide vertically on the existing relief spindle A, and
also to work within the strap or wiper box C, the rod end of which passes through
the hole in the saddle of the machine at present occupied by the existing relief
plug, and enters the cylinder E where it terminates in a screwed end on which is
fitted the collar D. The cylinder E (which slides in a hole bored through the
centre of the cast iron strap block to which the tool is at present secured in
ordinary machines) has one end bored to receive the rod C, and the other end
tapped to take the screwed end of the piece F, and the internal space between the
ends is taken up by spiral springs, adjusting screws, or leather packing G, which
being rather elastic prevents breakage of fulcrum rod O.
The sliding piece F is slotted to take the end of the lever H, which is a fixture
on the vertical spindle I that lays flush with the side of tool bar in a longitudinal
groove cut in same.
The tool bar Qis bored out at the bottom end to receive the separate revolving
tool holder L, which is held in position by the washer and nuts M. The cylindrical
shank of the revolving eye L is partly reduced in diameter to take the sliding
collar K, and the other end is bored to receive the cylindrical fulcrum N, in which
the tool or tools P is secured by the set screw S. The rotative motion of the
existing relief spindle A = of a revolution backward or forward at the end of
each stroke of machine, by which means (the double acting cam B having its
two apexes at right angles) a reciprocating motion is imparted through the pieces
C, D, E, F, and G to the levers H and J, J, which in turn actuate the tool P through
the pieces K, O, and N.
Special features in the arrangement are that the tool P, bar Q, and separate

page_text: holder L, together with the other parts of communicating gear may be turned
completely around on D as a centre, or be placed to work at any angle with the
planing machine table, while at the same time the strap or wiper box C remains in
a horizontal position in contact with cam B. The separate revolving tool holder L
also admits of being turned completely around on its axis, together with the tool P,
which can thus be set to work at any angle with tool bar Q without in any way
impeding the action of tool.
A provision is also made for raising or lowering the tool bar Q independent of
machine slide by having the levers H made separate, and a sliding fit on the
spindle I, and also fitted with adjustable gib key and set screw Z, Z. The slot
holes W, W, are extended in length to allow of the required vertical range for
lifting and lowering. The set screw U supports the bar Qin the fixing straps T, T,
while the front screws of same are slackened out to permit the tool bar being
attached or detached from machine slide. The groove V, into which end of screw U
projects, is made a little shorter than slots W, so as to prevent the pieces F and H
from being damaged by the weight of tool bar when it is raised or lowered.
The raising or lowering of the tool bar Q may be effected by providing an extra
fixed lever (similar to H) near the top end of the rod I, with a short slot cut in the
bar (as for lever H) to permit the sliding piece F being connected with the said
additional lever, as with lever H.
The rod I is secured in its working position by the bearings and screws X, X.
The top end of the tool bar is tapped to receive the eye bolt Q' to take a sling
chain when necessary.
The above combination renders the double cutting planing tool quite universal,
so that it can be applied to the work in any required position.
By cutting the slot W quite through the bar Q from front to back the whole
attachment can be reversed, so that the tool may work either in front or behind
the bar.
Figure 4 is an arrangement designed for planing machines, in which the tool is
made to traverse the work while the work itself remains stationary, the tool or
tools being carried on the saddle and the slide, which is actuated by the main
driving screw or otherwise throughout the forward and return strokes. The
double cutting tools are reversed by tappet rods A on coming in contact with the
adjustable stops B.
The arrangement, Figure 5, is designed to enable the double cutting planing
tool and bar to be attached to machines where it is not convenient to transmit the
tipping action to the double tool through the machine saddle and slide. The motion
of the upright feed spindle (whether circular or vertical) (or in some cases the
motion of striking gear) is communicated either by means of bevel wheels, or
tappets and levers to the cord, pulley, and tappet rod A, which in turn actuates
the adjustable lever B and the two quadrants C, which impart the motion through
the lever or disc C to the vertical spindle of tool bar. Figures 12 and 13 are
details of this arrangement.
Figures 6 and 14 are arrangements for communicating motion from the spindles
of the cross slide through the saddle and tool rest to the double cutting tool bar in
front, and Figures 15 and 16 are details of the sliding piece connections for the
same; and Figure 17 shows details for modified connecting pieces suitable for an
arrangement similar to Figure 2.
The arrangement of double cutting tool and holder for shaping machines shown
in Figure 1 is a combination of the arrangements shown in Figures 7 and 8 for
shaping machines, and in Figure 2 for planing machines.
The parts H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, and Q act precisely the same as similar parts
of Figure 2; the planing arrangement and the parts A, B, C, D, E, and G are
similar to those of Figures 7 and 8-for shaping machines. Ffits and slides in a
dovetailed groove across top of tool bar Q, and is jointed to the bottom end of
rod G.
The standard B is stationary on the machine frame (and actuates the tappet rod A
.

page_text: When
in a similar manner to the ordinary ratchet self act of the machine slide), and the
parts and E are fixed to the head and quadrant plate of machine ram.
the machine is put in motion, and the ram performs its forward and return stroke,
the tappets A¹, A³, come in contact with the standard B at the end of each stroke,
by which motion is imparted through the pieces C and G to the sliding piece F,
and through F and the parts H, I, J, K, O, N, to vibrate the double tool P. This
arrangement admits of a universal application of the double cutting tool, and keeps
it vibrating and cutting both ways, both on the forward and return strokes of ram,
with unvarying regularity, while the tool is being at the same time adjusted to
the work by each or all of the compound movements of machine, ram head, slides,
or quadrant.
Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 are examples of shaping attachments which have not the
revolving tool holder eye, as shown at L, Figure 1.
Two or more tools may be used in the same fulcrum, as in Figure 10, and two or
more fulcra may be contained in the same tool holder, as in Figure 11, or two or
more separate tool holders may be worked together on the same machine.
Figures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 represent the improved tools which are
used with the double cutting attachments. The whole of the foregoing mechanical
devices may be used either as described or in combination to effect the most
advantageous application of the improved double cutting tools upon suitable work
which can be performed by any machine having a reciprocating or double acting
motion.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
The improvements in machine tools and tool holders, and in the mechanism for
actuating the same, as hereinbefore described, and substantially as shown in the
annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Angus, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty.