Year: 1885

page_text: I THOMAS SMITH of Avenue Road Sunbury in the county of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to produce a compound substance that shall be
extremely suitable for use as a cement and for other useful and ornamental
purposes.
To carry out this object I take the refuse or broken pieces of earthenware
china or porcelain or other similar material such for example as white Derbyshire
spar and having thoroughly washed the same I place the said refuse or pieces in a
retort or oven and apply heat thereto to expel all moisture and then I very finely
grind or pulverize the same. I then take sulphur or brimstone and having dried
the same I apply heat thereto until it is melted. I then place in this melted
sulphur or brimstone a suitable proportion of the powder aforesaid for most
purposes 40 parts of sulphur or brimstone and 60 parts of the powder or there-
abouts being a very suitable proportion. This mixture is then thoroughly stirred
and mixed together in any convenient manner a very suitable method being the
use of a copper vessel to hold the mixture in which is fitted a whisking or stirring
apparatus preferably a double apparatus which will revolve both ways by which
the materials will not only be more thoroughly mixed but also refined. The heat
is applied while this aforesaid mixing is proceeding until the compound becomes
in the first place a thick plastic mass when I prefer to remove the heat and the.
stirring or mixing is continued until the compound becomes liquid when I pour
the said compound on a slab stone plate or other flat surface of a convenient size
and material and allow the same to cool thereon in the form of a thin sheet or
plate. When this sheet or plate is properly set or is cool it is broken into very
small pieces in any convenient manner and the compound substance is again
melted and is ready for use in and for the purposes that are desired. In this
manner, the substance is rendered free from air or gas bubbles or blow holes and the
sulphur or brimstone is thoroughly mixed and incorporated with the powder,
מ

page_text: Instead of the aforesaid refuse or pieces of earthenware or other material I may
also use the refuse or broken pieces of ordinary bricks or other articles made from
clay or burnt ballast or other similar material which also would be treated in
manner aforesaid.
This composition can be made suitable for use in sealing and such like purposes
by adding thereto a small proportion of shellac Peru balsam colophony manganese
oil of turpentine or other similar materials which have the same properties such
for example as common sealing wax. By this addition the cooling of the com-
position is delayed and the tensile strength thereof is increased. When made
in this manner the composition can be used in the same manner and for the same
purposes as sealing wax and will have very, great adhesive power and will be
practically imperishable.
Any suitable colouring matter can be added to the composition and when the
powder is formed from earthenware or such like material light colours of any
description can be produced at will.

page_text: PROD.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of Avenue Road, Sunbury, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of my.invention, is to produce a compound substance' that shall be
extremely suitable for use as a cement and for other useful and ornamental
purposes.
In the specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the 1st May 1883
No 2199 I refer to the use of certain ingredients such as the debris or sweepings of
Macadamized roads; that is to say, the stoney particles thereof with which chalk,
coke, or the like could be admixed prior to its, or their combination with sulphur
for the production of a plastic body, or cement capable of being moulded into any
article, ornamental, or other-according to the object, or purpose intended.
Now it has been found from the inherent connection of iron and other unsuitable
material with the said debris, a difficulty existed in making an article capable of
exhibiting the necessary smoothness of surface, or of one having a high glazed-like
surface such as is necessary where great delicacy of texture is required.
The object of my present invention, is to overcome such difficulties and incon-
veniences by using a material such as broken china, porcelain, and the like, which
has been previously brought into fine division and has been passed through a
firing operation.
To carry out this object, I take the refuse, or broken pieces of earthenware,
china, porcelain, or the like, and having thoroughly washed the same I place the
said refuse, or pieces in a retort, or oven, and apply heat thereto to expel all
moisture and then I very finely grind, or pulverize the same. I then, take
sulphur, or brimstone, and having dried the same I apply heat thereto until it is
melted. I then place in this melted sulphur, or brimstone, a suitable proportion of
the powder aforesaid, for most purposes 40 parts of sulphur, or brimstone and
60 parts of the powder, or thereabouts, being a very suitable proportion. This
mixture is then thoroughly stirred and mixed together in any convenient manner,
a very suitable method being the use of a copper vessel to hold the mixture in
which is fitted a whisking, or stirring apparatus preferably a double apparatus
which will revolve both ways, by which, the materials will not only be more
thoroughly mixed but will also be refined. The heat aforesaid is applied while
this aforesaid mixing is proceeding until the compound becomes in the first place,
a thick plastic mass which occurs at or about 250° C. when I prefer to remove the
heat, say, by withdrawing the fire basket from under the retort or oven and the
stirring, or mixing is continued until the compound thins down or becomes liquid
when I pour the said compound on a slab, stone, plate, or other flat surface, of a

page_text: convenient size and material, and allow the same to cool thereon in the form of a
thin sheet, or plate. When this sheet, or plate is properly set, or is cool, it is
broken into very small pieces in any convenient manner, and the compound
substance is again melted and is then ready for use in and for the purposes that
are desired. In this manner the substance is rendered free from air, or gas bubbles,
or blow holes, and the sulphur, or brimstone, is thoroughly mixed and incorporated
with the powder.
This composition can be made suitable for use in sealing, and such like purposes
by adding thereto a small proportion of Shellac, Peru balsam, Colophony, Man-
ganese, Oil of Turpentine, or other similar materials, which have the same properties,
Buch for example as common sealing wax. By this addition the cooling of the
composition is delayed and the tensile strength thereof is increased. When made
in this manner the composition can be used in the same manner and for the same
purposes as sealing wax and will have very great adhesive power and will be
practically imperishable.
Any suitable colouring matter can be added to the composition, and when the
.powder is formed from clear earthenware, or such like material; light colours of
any description can be produced at will.
The following are only a few of the requirements for which it can be used with
great advantage over all other cements:-
Instead of sealing wax, where a thoroughly secure and air-tight seal is absolutely
necessary, and one which cannot possibly be tampered with, or obliterated by the
ordinary means. For instance-such a seal as is required to be attached to Mail
bags, bullion boxes, cases of diamonds, jewellery, or any other valuables.
Where great adhesive power is desired, and the duplicates, or copies of the
various seals, private marks, numbers, &c., are required, or may be taken before
being despatched to their destination. For instance-such as monograms, crests,
numbers, private marks, &c.
It may also be used for electric lighting, telephone, telegraph, and all electric,
galvanic, and magnetic purposes, such as making castings that may be required for
telephonic apparatus, the foundations, or surroundings of electric lighting, or
making any kind of insulators for either above, underground, or submarine cables,
or the like; or for rendering any part impervious to moisture; also for fixing the
feet of standards required in telegraphy, electric lighting, or other works as this
metal is a non-conductor of electricity.
It may also be used for making all kinds of vessels, especially for the use of
chemical manufacturers for boiling purposes. Neither this metal, or the chemical
are in the least affected by the continual boiling. It may also be used for making
advertisements, or other tablets, also for producing any kind of superior casts of
gelatine, or other moulds, such as copper, steel, wood, or other description of
engraving, or for the reproduction of any complicated works of art, by the electro-
type, or other processes. Also for jointing gas and water mains, drains, gutters,
and various other kinds of pipe, such as hot water pipes.
This metal will be found far superior to any other for this purpose, as the
cooling is delayed; which has the effect not only of causing the joints to stand a
greater tensile strain, but also to be more thoroughly packed, and therefore tight.
This metal being specially prepared for such purposes, may also be used for
producing rollers, stereotyping, or making slabs, or blocks, instead of stone, or
marble. It is also useful for rendering any part of barges, punts, boats, &c:
waterproof; also for all kinds of packing purposes. It may be used for fixing any
kind of iron, or other standards, or railings instead of lead. It will neither
expand, contract, nor rust. It may also be used instead of wax, or capsules for
wine, spirit, or beer bottles. The small cost produces a great saving over that
of the commonest sealing-wax; and the seals no matter where placed are absolutely
everlasting.
This cement may also be advantageously used for preventing metals, or similar
-materials suffering from oxidation, or decay. It may also be manipulated in

page_text: casting busts, and all other descriptions of ornamental, or useful castings, &c. as
it is capable of resisting the destructive effects of acids and alkalies. It is a
protection against damp. Also for securing Lewis and other bolts; and bedding
down all kinds of machinery, or engines; also for fastening down, or otherwise
any kind of wood, iron, stone, and glass; or for rendering foundations, &c, water,
grease, and even acid proof; and may be used instead of asphaltum.
It possesses facilities for making any kind of moulds, for castings, &c, and for
filling up defective, and other castings, making, covering, or lining cisterns, tanks,
baths, &c; also covering walls as a prevention against damp, &c. It is well
adapted for admixture with tar, pitch, asphaltum, and similar ingredients. This
cement is not affected by atmospheric influences such as the formation of iron
sulphates, &c. It possesses extraordinary adhesive power to almost anything,
excepting smooth glass, grease, and the like. It is a splendid and most economical
substitute for bronze, lead, zinc, and other metals. It can be re-melted, or re-
cast in any desired form.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. Treating waste, or broken earthenware, china, porcelain, or the like and
admixing sulphur therewith, in the manner as and for the purpose, or purposes
described.
2. The particular method of producing a liquid plastic material capable of being
moulded to any desired form as set forth.