IM- PROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE HEAVY OILS OBTAINED FROM THE DISTILLATION OF COALS, SCHISTS, AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBONS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre François Demoulin, Chemist, and Joseph.
Cotelle, Manufacturer, of Paris (France), for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE HEAVY OILS OBTAINED FROM THE DISTILLATION
OF COALS, SCHISTS, AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBONS."
Sealed the 7th January 1859, and dated the 8th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre François Demoulini
and Joseph Cotelle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th July 1858.
We, PIERRE FRANÇOIS DEMOULIN, Chemist, and JOSEPH COTELLE, Manu-
facturer, of Paris (France), do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE HEAVY OILS OBTAINED FROM THE DIS-
TILLATION OF COALS, SCHISTS, AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBONS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a mode of treating the heavy oils resulting from
the distillation of boghead or other coals, schists, or other bituminous matters,
and consists in depriving these oils of certain carbonaceous impurities by which
the flame of the said oils is rendered fuliginous. The treatment consists in
thoroughly mixing with the said oils, either in the cold or heated state, a pre-
paration composed of chloride of lime and salt of soda dissolved in water, to
which a suitable quantity of oxyde of manganese is added, after which the
entire is left to settle, and the oil is distilled in any suitable distilling appa-.

page_text: ratus, so as to bring the oil to a specific gravity, varying from 90 to 92° of the
densimeter of Vignié; the above-mentioned substances may be added to the
oil in the manner described, or alternately. The adjunction of a suitable
quantity of resin oil causes the deodorizing of the said oils, either by pre-
cipitation or distillation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre François Demoulin and Joseph Cotelle in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
FRANÇOIS DEMOULIN, Chemist, and JOSEPH COTELLE, Manufacturer, of Paris,
France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Pierre François Demoulin & Joseph Cotelle, Her special licence that
we, the said Pierre François Demoulin & Joseph Cotelle, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Pierre François
Demoulin & Joseph Cotelle, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE HEAVY OILS OBTAINED FROM THE DISTILLATION OF
COALS, SCHISTS, AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBONS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Pierre François Demoulin and Joseph Cotelle, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Pierre François Demoulin & Joseph
Cotelle, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-

page_text: kilogramme (about
The entire is then
These improvements relate to a mode of treating the heavy oils resulting
from the distillation of boghead or other coals, schists, or other bituminous
matters, so as to obtain thereby a liquid or sort of naphtha oil, which may be
burned either in ordinary naphtha oil lamps, or in lamps more particularly
adapted for that purpose. It has been often tried to defecate the above-
mentioned tarry heavy oils, so as to make them serviceable for lighting pur-
poses, but the annoying smell and the smoke they give rise to hitherto
prevented using them in rooms or other confined spaces, limiting their appli-
cation to out-doors lighting. By our process of treating the said oils they
produce a magnificent light without smell or smoke, so as to allow of employ-
ing them for domestic lighting instead of ordinary oils. Our method of
purifying or treating the said heavy or tarry oils is as follows:-Supposing we
have to act on 100 kilogrammes (about 220 lbs.) of the said oils, we intro-
duce them in a vessel which can be properly closed, and we ultimately mix
with the said quantity of oil 50 litres (about 11 gallons) of water, 1 kilo-
gramme (about 2 lbs. 3 oz.) of chloride of lime, 2 kilogrammes (about
4 lbs. 6 oz.) of soda salt (carbonate of soda), and
1 lb. 2 oz.) of manganese (peroxide of manganese).
violently shaken, say, for about an hour, more or less, and is then left to settle
for about 24 hours, after which the supernatent oil is decanted from the
sediment, and distilled in any suitable distilling apparatus, so as to bring the
oil to a specific gravity of about 90° to 92° of Vignié's areometer, after which
it is submitted to rectification by mixing with about 100 kilogrammes (about
220 lbs.) of the oil, about 25 kilogrammes (about 55 lbs.) of resin oil; by this
latter operation the oil is deprived of its gummy parts, and is at the same time
entirely deodorized, and we consequently consider this part as one of the most
essential of our Invention. We must observe here, that the distillation above
mentioned, and which we indicate as terminating the first operation, may be
effected beforehand on the heavy oils, not previously defecated and decanted
from their sediment. The mixing of the above-mentioned ingredients may
take place in the warm or cold state, and it must be observed that the relative
proportions of the ingredients may vary, more or less, according to the nature
of the heavy or tarry oils to be acted upon. The purified oil obtained by this
method may be burned in the ordinary naphtha or schist oil lamps, but we
prefer making a small alteration in these lamps with the object of burning our
oil in a more perfect manner. For this purpose we remove the disc or button
situated in the centre of the flame of the ordinary naphtha or schist oil lamps,
and we put over the burner a small hollow conical cap A of glass, shown in
the Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, of the annexed Drawing, in which latter Fig. 1 repre-

page_text: sents an elevation, and Fig. 2 a vertical sectional view of the lamp, whereas
Fig. 3 gives a plan view, and Fig 4 a vertical sectional view of the above-
mentioned conical cap, which I prefer to be made of glass, and provided in the
centre with a circular opening B, of sufficient width for the flame to pass
through; this cap is inserted, in a circular ring C, fixed on the bottom of the
gallery D, for the ordinary glass chimney. We must finally remark that our
purified oils may, if required, be mixed with ordinary schist or light oils.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and manner in which
the same is or may be carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion,
that we do not confine or restrict ourselves to the precise quantities of the
ingredients above indicated, but what we claim as our Invention is,-
1°. The above described process of treating the heavy oils resulting from the
distillation of boghead or other coals, schists, or other bituminous matters,
whereby the said oils become sufficiently deodorized and cleaned for being
burned in suitable lamps without emitting any disagreable smell or smoke.
2. Providing the burner of the lamp in which such purified heavy oils are
burned with a suitable perforated hollow cap through which the flame is
obliged to pass.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Cotelle, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty nine
Witness,
DREYFOUS,
Ingenieur Civil.
COTELLE. (L.S.)