A System and Apparatus for Rapidly Boring and Sinking Wells or Shafts.
Year: 1886

page_text: A System and Apparatus for Rapidly Boring and Sinking Wells
or Shafts.
I, OLAF TERP of 15 Marlborough Hill St John's Wood in the County of
Middlesex Mining Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Heretofore much trouble delay and expense have been experienced in the boring
of wells and sinking of shafts by reason of the varying nature of the strata which
have to be traversed and requiring different treatment and different apparatus.
Thus for obtaining a core of mineral by means of a diamond or steel drill one kind
of apparatus has to be put into position and used, and when another or softer layer
is reached where another kind of drill would be desired or required the whole
machine is removed and another put up in its stead, involving much loss of time
and labour.
Now according to my invention I do not change the apparatus on the surface
but merely change some of the connections and the boring tools. The whole is so
arranged that a very considerable saving is effected in time trouble and expense.
The same apparatus may moreover be arranged to be used either for hand or
power..
In order to render my invention quite intelligible I will now describe the same
with reference to the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1 is a side elevation
Figure 2 a vertical transverse section on line a 6 Figure 1 and Figure 3 a plan
section on line c d Figure 1 of the apparatus which I erect over the bore bole and .
which consists of framing and gear for actuating or transmitting the required
motion to the boring tool whatever the construction or form of the latter may be.
The apparatus is the same or of the same general construction in all cases and
whether used for hand or for power.
G is the tubular boring rod to the bottom end of which the boring tool of what-
ever required description is fixed. The boring rod G if fitted with diamond drill
or other rotary boring tool receives rotating motion either by hand from the
handle w or by power from the driving pulley P (which latter by driving strap
receives motion from some convenient motor) through the intervention of the bevil
wheels R and r, the latter of which has a central hole large enough for the boring

page_text: rod or tube G with the tool to be passed through it. The wheel r has its
bearing against a ring face f and imparts rotary motion to the boring rod G by the
carrier pegs S S and carrier h which latter is in two halves capable of being
securely clamped on to the boring rod G. As the latter penetrates down into the
soil or mineral the clamp h has every now and then to be shifted higher up on the
rod G. By means of the winch W and a rope therefrom passing over a pulley
arranged above the apparatus and connected to a shackle g on the upper end of
the boring rod G the latter can be lifted out of and lowered into the bore hole. It
must be clearly understood that I do not limit myself to this construction of
wheel gearing R r and any other suitable combination may be applied, for instance
the wheel r may a spur wheel which receives motion from another spur wheel on
a vertical spindle. Nor do I confine myself to the particular form of clamp h and
carrier pegs 8 as any other suitable detachable carrier mechanism may be substituted
as will be well understood by a practical engineer. When this apparatus is to be
used in connection with a jumping drill which is not to have a continuous rotary
motion the carrier pegs 88 are removed from the bevil pinion r and the boring
rod G is then jumped up and down by means presently to be described while it at
the same time periodically has a part revolution imparted thereto by the workman
taking hold of the arms of the clamp h, so that the jumping drill may strike on
fresh parts of the mineral in the bottom of the bore hole. Figures 4 and 4ª are
side view and end view of an ordinary tubular drill B1 and Figures 5 and 5ª edge
view and side view of an ordinary flat edge chisel B which is used either for rotary
or jumping action. The water for loosening and softening the soil, for cooling the
rotating or jumping tool and for rinsing away the debris is supplied through the
tubular rod G, the water issuing in the centre as regards the drill B Figures 5 and 5ª
or through two lateral holes as regards B Figures 5 and 5A. This mode of working
will be understood by reference to Figure 6 where the apparatus shewn in Figures 1, 2
and 3 is shewn in vertical transverse section like Figure 2. Water is supplied to
the boring tool B at the bottom of the tubular boring rod G through a flexible
hose C from a pump D of any suitable construction. The jumping of the rod G
and tool B is effected by the double armed lever E, the right hand end of which is
moved up and down by one or more men, and the left hand end taking under the
clamp h which is made in two halves as shewn in Figure 1 and which is shifted
up periodically as the tool B works its way down. To lift the boring rod and tool
out entirely the rope from the winch W (see Figures 1 and 3) and passing over a
pulley in the upper part of the building is connected to the shackle g.
Figure 7 illustrates the mode of using the same machine for working a diamond
drill or other rotary tool for bringing up a core such tool for instance as shown at B¹
Figures 4 and 44. This tool B¹ is then fixed to a large tube B2 which may be of
any suitable length and serves to receive the core and which is screwed on to the
bottom of the boring rod G, the lever E is removed and the carrier pegs 8 are fixed
into the bevil pinion for conveying rotary motion to the boring rod G from the
bevil wheel R and handle w.
Figure 8 illustrates the mode of using a similar apparatus as shown in Figures 1,
2 and 3 for power. The rotary power when so required is in this case transmitted
by driving belt from a pulley H the staff of which receives motion from the
pulley I on the shaft of a driving engine K. If the boring rod G is not to receive
rotary motion as with the tool B¹ but jumping motion as with the tool B the
carrier rods 8 (see Figures 1 and 3) are taken off the bevil pinion r, and the
driving strap from the pulley H to the pulley P is taken off or shifted onto a
loose pulley and chain connection is made between the shackle g on the top of the
boring rod and the beam E which by the connecting rod M and a crank pin on
the pulley H or other part on its shaft H¹ receives a rocking motion whereby the
boring rod G and tool receives the required jumping action by raising the same to
a suitable height and then allowing it to fall. By means of the already described
clamp on the boring rod G the latter is given an occasional partial turn. The
winch N serves to keep the chain O which carries the boring rod properly adjusted.

page_text: The chain O passes over pulleys T U and V and is attached to and passes round
the winch barrel n which by tooth wheel gear and the spokes of the winch can
receive rotary motion as required, so as to lengthen the chain as the boring rod G
descends. I provide stop holes and a stop for insertion therein. By means of such
a chain instead of the rigid screw gear heretofore used, I do away with all jerks
to the beam E and obtain a perfectly free fall.
A winch W of any suitable construction serves to lift the boring rod G out of
the bore hole. A steam or other pump D of any suitable construction is used for.
supplying water to the hose C and tubular rod G.
From the foregoing it will be understood that whether the boring is done by
hand or by power when the rotary drill is in use and it is required to substitute a
jumping drill the operation is performed by disconnecting the hose C removing the
carrier pegs & and clamp and then hauling up the rod G through the wheel r by
means of the winch. The tool such as B¹ is then removed and a tool such as B put
on instead whereupon the boring rod is lowered through the wheel r and into the
bore hole. The clamp h is then put on again and the attachment made for the
lever E.. When the hose C has been connected the work can begin again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
:-
First: A system for readily boring and sinking wells or shafts, according to
which the various operations of boring with different drills and whether rotary or
not are performed consecutively without removal of the apparatus over the bore
hole, the boring rod or tube in being raised and lowered passing through such
apparatus, substantially as described.
Second-Constructing the apparatus over the bore hole with a bevil or other
tooth wheel having a central hole for the bore end to pass freely through and
capable of conveying rotary motion to the bore rod by means of easily removable
carrier pegs 8 and a cross clamp or key in halves or parts which can be fixed on
the bore rod (or other suitable or equivalent means) such carrier pegs being
removed when the bore rod is not to receive rotary motion substantially as
described.
Third: The construction of apparatus placed over the bore hole substantially
as described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 and having bevil wheels R r,
working handle w and winch W.
Fourth-The means described for suspending the bore rod from the rocking
beam E that is to say a chain or rope O which passes over pulleys T, U, V and
over a winch barrel and is adjustable in length as a substitute for the screw gear
heretofore used, and for the purpose of affording a free fall of the jumping rod
without exposing the rocking beam E to jerks.
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