IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING, DYEING, SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND FULLING, OR MILLING GOODS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pearson at the Office
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of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1871.
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I, JOSEPH PEARSON, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Bleacher, do, hereby declare the nature of the said. Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING, DYEING, SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND
FULLING, OR MILLING GOODS," to be as follows
In all the several processes of dressing, scouring, bleaching, fulling, or
milling, silk, cotton, and worsted goods, or goods manufactured of mixed
materials, hitherto when a solution of soap has been required or hot
water has been used with such solution of soap in either of the above-
named processes, such solution of soap and hot water has been made
with water such as could be readily got at, such water being what is
commonly known as hard water, or at the best only of such a degree
of softness as is obtained from the parties own wells or the supply from
the water companies, such water in either case decomposes a considerable
Instead of
quantity of the soap put in it to form a cleansing lather.
water so obtained I propose to make use of one or more separate boilers
'each attached to a still room'or other convenient condensing apparatus;

page_text: .
each such separate boiler and condensing apparatus I employ in
addition to the boilers heretofore employed on the premises in which
the various processes of dyeing, scouring, bleaching, and fulling,
or milling goods are carried on; each such separate boiler is provided
with a fire-grate, and ash-pit, and also with an inlet pipe, through
which cold water is fed into the boiler; each boiler is also provided
with a safety valve, water guage, and covered man-hole, through
which the boiler may be cleansed out when requisite; each such
boiler I connect by a pipe and stop-cock to a condensing apparatus
constructed in either of the following ways:-Firstly a coiled pipe or
coiled pipes of the required diameter each coil of which is slightly larger
in diameter than the coil next immediately above it, the lowest coil
being the largest in diameter, where above one set of coiled pipes
are employed in the same condenser; the coils are placed within each
other, the outer coiled pipe being larger than the intermediate coiled
pipe, each coil being separate from the others; the innermost coil is
placed over a conical drum which has an outer flange at its lower end
upon which flange the coils rest; over the innermost coil a second
flanged drum is placed, then a second coiled pipe over the second drum,
the second coiled pipe being covered with a third flanged ḍrum which
recieves the third coiled pipe which is covered with a fourth flanged
drum, the four drums being bolted or otherwise secured together by the
flanges. The spaces between the said drums being fitted with the coils
of pipes, the upper ends 'of the coiled pipes are connected to the steam
outlet pipe of the boiler above mentioned, and their lower ends to a
'cistern or other receptacle in which the condensed water is stored for
use. The spaces between the flanged drums are each connected by pipės
'at their lower ends to a cistern or other reservoir of. cold water placed
'above the level of the top of the condenser, which cold water in its
passage upwards in the spaces formed by the drums passes along the
coils of pipe and flows away as it overflows the top of the condenser. Or
'secondly, I employ a condenser constructed as follows :-I immerse one
´or more coils of pipe of the required diameter in a cistern, through
which cistern à constant stream of cold water passes so as to condense
the steam issuing from the boiler as it passes through the coils of pipe,
the water condensed by such apparatus is stored as above described.
In each apparatus I prefer the coils of pipe to be made of copper. In
establishments where a quantity of steam in addition to that usually
required can be readily obtained, I may dispense with the additional

page_text: boiler and furnace above described and condense such steam by the
apparatus above named and store the water so produced for the pur-
poses above described, such condensed hot water and a solution of soap
being employed in each of the several processes of dressing, dyeing,
scouring, bleaching, and fulling, or milling silk, cotton, or worsted goods
or goods manufactured of mixed materials. A considerable saving is
effected in the quantity of soap employed.