Improvements in Velocipedes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 23rd May, 1896
Improvements in Velocipedes.
I, FREDERICK WESTWOOD of 85, Bradford Street, Birmingham do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved method of strengthening the tubes in the
various parts of the frame & also in reducing vibration of the same.
The tubes have usually been strengthened by inserting liners. in the internal
parts of the tubes, and then brazing the ends into the various lugs which hold
them.
This process is very faulty as the brazing is very liable only to hold the tubes
& not to braze the liner at all; moreover the tubes are likely to snap off.
By my improved method I proceed as follows:-I take a piece of sheet 'steel
and make a ferrule which I serrate at the ends, but I preferably turn up the
ferrule so as to get the grain in the metal of the ferrule on the cross or opposite
way to the grain of the metal in the tube. I then make a lap-joint upon it similar
to the lap joint in a brazed fork'; this ferrule being made to fit the tube.
At the end of the ferrule I now pierce a number of holes circularly round'it at
the opposite end to the serrated end, or I make slight serrations at this end also.
If I use a ferrule with the holes in 1 braze it to the tube through the circular
holes; if I use a serrated ferrule I may braze this to the tube 'hefore it is placed
into the lug or joint, but I prefer by the aid of the serrations to braze the whole
together when it is inside the lug. In some instances I may dispense with the
round holes and the second serrations. I may sometimes dispense with the lap-
joint of the ferrule, butting it together instead of lapping it, and brazing to the tube
along the line of abuttment. I may also form a ferrule for this purpose in the
manner following:
:-
I first of all take a blank or disc either round or star shaped and raise it
similar in shape to a woman's thimble and preferably construct it so that 'the
open end of the thimble is of a stronger guage than the closed end. The closed
end is then pierced out & if made from a round disc serrated & may be then used
in any method before described.
In some instances I use these ferrules to form the ends of flattened tubes such as
fork ends.
By another method I use the internal liner, but I construct it in the form of a
thimble as above described and pierce at the closed end a number of round holes, '&
I then form this part of the thimble-that is at the now partially closed end-into
some form of a polygon, or by another method of carrying my invention into effect
I may construct either an open seam, closed seam or seamless thimble, made 'as
above described into a fluted form so that when the brazing takes place, the brass.
may run along the line of the flutes, brazing the liner to the tubing, so that the
ends projecting into the end of the tube shall not have the knife like propensity of
cutting the tube off, as is the case with the old method.
By the old method of brazing the tubes into the lugs great trouble is experienced
in cleaning up the joints of superfluous solder after brazing and oftentimes in filing
the tubes are damaged. To minimise this risk instead of having the necessity of
completely cleaning off the solder I slip over a taper ferrule which completely
hides the joint and with my improved joint as before described it covers the portions
between the serrations and hides the solder.
In some instances where.the..tubes are used strong enough, I dispense with the

page_text: external ferrule as described, and serrate the lug itself. In some instances I
dispense with the lug and construct the joint from the metal of the ferrule
itself.
Dated this hith dow of Al 100
Improvements in Velocipedes.
I, FREDERICK WESTWOOD, of 85 Bradford Street in the City of Birmingham,
and County of Warwick, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to an improved method of strengthening tubes used in
various parts of velocipede frames.
Such tubes have usually been strengthened by inserting liners inside the tubes,
and then brazing the ends into the various lugs intended for them. This process
is very faulty, as the brazing is very liable only to hold the tubes, and not to braze
the liner at all; and the tubes are likely to snap off in consequence.
By my improved method, I proceed as follows:-I take a piece of sheet steel
which I serrate on one edge, and I turn same up into the shape of a ferrule, with
the grain of the metal running conversely to the grain of the metal of the tube
over which it is intended to fit. I then make a lap joint upon it by chamfering
each end and joining same together.
I may sometimes dispense with the lap-joint of the ferrule, by butting the
edges together instead of lapping them, and brazing same to the tube along the
line of abutment.
My invention may be more clearly understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings and the following, description.
Figure 1. shews the said sheet metal a, serrated a', and prepared for turning up
and lapping at the chamfered edges a².
The direction of the grain of the metal is indicated by the arrow head.
Figure 2. shews the chamfers a³.
Figure 3. shews a plan of the metal shaped suitably for fitting same over a tube,
with the said edges a lapped together.
Figure 4. is an elevatien of same.
Figure 5. shews an elevation of what is generally known as a velocipede ball
head lug b, and socket tube c with the metal ferrule fitted as an outside liner.
The grain of the tube is indicated by the arrow head.
The bases of the serrations in the ferrule or liuer are arranged so as to be below
the top of the ball head lug b, to allow access to the solder used when the whole
joint is brazed.
:;
All other joints necessary in the construction of velocipedes my invention may
be applied to in the manner bereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner same is to be performed I déclare that what I
claim is
In velocipedes and similar vehicles the employment of liners or ferrules. arranged
outside the tubes thereof substantially as herein set forth.
Dated this 27th day of February 1896.