IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDING MACHINERY
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dobson, Carding Master to Messieurs William
Roberts and Company, of Galashiels, in the Counties of Selkirk and Roxburgh,
North Britain for en invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDING MACHINERY"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dobson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1882.
JAMES DOBSON, Carding Master to Messieurs William Roberts and Company, of
Galashiels, in the Counties of Selkirk and Roxburgh North Britain "IMPROVE
MENTS IN CARDING MACHINERY
"
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
carding machinery; and the improvements are applicable both to the scribbler or
first carding machine and to the clearer or finishing carding machine.
In a scribbler as made with the present improvements according to one
modification, there are three large carding cylinders carried by a framing arranged
much in the usual way, and having in connection with them the usual worker
rollers with their stripping and transferring rollers which are by preference worked
with the well known traverse motion.
Between the first and second cylinders, and between the second and third
cylinders, there are in each case, two cylinders or rollers, which being of a size
intermediate to the sizes of the large cylinders and worker rollers, may for
convenience be termed drums. In each case the two drums act in connection with
the two cylinders between which they are placed one drum being above and the
other below the horizontal centre line of the cylinders.
The wool or fibrous material to be carded is entered in the usual way between
two small feeding rollers, from which it is taken by the usual taker in roller; but
above the upper feed roller there are three or more small rollers furnished with
what is known as Garnett wire or card, and which rollers may be termed breakers
being for acting in a preparatory mauner on the fibrous materials as they are
being carried round by the taker-in roller. These breaker rollers are driven at
graduated speeds so as to clean each other, those further from the feed roller being
ונ...D

page_text: driven more quickly; and the inner and uppermost one is acted on by a stripping
roller, which transfers whatever it takes off the breaker to the stripping and
transferring roller which transfers the fibrous materials from the taker-in roller to
the first cylinder.
The fibrous materials, as carried round by the first cylinder, are acted on by two
worker rollers in succession being returued from each by its attendant stripper
roller to the cylinder. The fibrous materials are next acted on by what is known
as a fancy roller which raises them without taking them off the cylinder. The
first upper additional drum next operates on the fibrous materials working them
and taking a portion off the first cylinder to be returned thereto by a following
stripping and transferring roller. The fibrous materials pass next from the first
cylinder to the first lower drum and are transferred from it by a stripping roller to
the second cylinder, the first lower drum also acting as a worker in connection
with the second cylinder.
The fibrous materials on the second cylinder in passing up and round from the
first lower drum are acted upon, as by a worker, by the first upper drum which
thus acts as a worker in connection with both the first and second cylinders. A
stripping roller transfers the fibrous materials back to the second cylinder and they
are next acted on by a fancy roller, after which they are acted on by the second
upper drum. The arrangement and operation of the second upper and lower
drums between the second and third cylinders are the same as those of the first
upper and lower drums between the first and second cylinders. The fibrous
materials, whilst passing over the third cylinder, are acted on by a worker roller
followed by its stripping roller and by a fancy roller, and next by the usual
doffing roller or drum.
In connection with each of the three cylinders there is a fancy roller which is
arranged at the lower side of the cylinder in each case, and is accompanied by a
stripping roller to return to the cylinder any fibrous materials the fancy roller
may take off it; the fancy roller is however arranged and driven with the view of
raising the fibrous materials on the cylinder without taking much if any off.
These fancy rollers applied to the lower parts of the cylinders as described, operate
advantageously and effect the separation of dust and foreign matters.
With the various improved arrangements hereinbefore described and especially
with the upper drums the carding operation is very thoroughly and effectively
performed; and larger quantities of fibrous materials can be passed through and
be more satisfactorily treated in a given time, than with ordinary machines. The
machine although no larger than an ordinary three-cylinder scribbler possesses
about double the doffing or carding power.
In constructing a clearer or finishing carding machine with the present improve-
ments there will in general be only two of the large carding cylinders and,
consequently, only a single upper drum and a single lower drum between them.
In other respects the arrangement of the machine will be the same as for the
scribbler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Dobson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th September 1882.
JAMES DOBSON, Carding Master to Messieurs William Roberts and Company of
Galashiels in the Counties of Selkirk and Roxburgh, North Britain "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARDING MACHINERY."
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and action of
carding machinery; and my improvements are applicable both to the scribbler or
first carding machine, and to the clearer or finishing carding machine.
In a scribbler as made with my present improvements according to one modifi-
cation, there are three large carding cylinders carried by a framing arranged much
in the usual way, and having in connection with them the usual worker rollers
with their stripping and transferring rollers which are by preference worked with
the well known traverse motion.
Between the first and second cylinders, and between the second and third
cylinders I introduce, in each case, two cylinders or rollers which being of a size
intermediate to the sizes of the large cylinders and worker rollers, may for con-
venience be termed drums. And in order that the arrangement and mode of
action of these drums together with the other parts of my improved machinery
may be properly understood I bereunto append a sheet of explanatory drawings to
be hereinafter referred to and representing my improved arrangements.
Figure 1, on the accompanying sheet of drawings is a diagram showing as in
side elevation and in general outline the arrangement of the cylinders, drums,
workers and strippers and also the feeding and entering arrangements. Figure, 2,
is a diagram showing the various driving details. In these figures the same
reference letters and numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever
they are repeated; and in figure, 2, the reference letters or numerals marking the
various centres or shafts are those of the corresponding cylinders, drums, and
rollers shown in figure, 1, but not in figure, 2.
.
In my improved machine the minor constructive details of the various parts are
the same as those of similar parts in existing machines, and it is therefore
unnecessary to delineate such minor details in an elaborate manner nor to minutely
describe them. The three large carding cylinders, C₁, C₂, and C,, are carried in the
usual manner on a framing, F; and between the first and second cylinders, C₁, C,
and between the second and third, C, C, there are in each case two drums, D₁, Dr.
In each case the two drums, D., D, act in connection with the two cylinders, C,
between which they are placed, one drum, D₁, being above, and the other, D
below the horizontal centre line of the cylinders, C.
The wool or fibrous material to be carded is placed on an endless apron, A, and
is entered in the usual way between two small feeding rollers, 6, from which it is
taken by the usual taker-in roller, T; but above the upper feed roller, 6, there are
three or more small rollers, 7, furnished with what is known as Garnett wire or
card, and which rollers, 7, may be termed breakers, being for acting in a preparatory
manner on the fibrous materials as they are being carried round by the taker-in
roller, T. These breaker rollers, 7, are driven at graduated speeds so as to clean
each other, those further from the feed roller, 6, being driven more quickly; and
the inner and uppermost one is acted on by a stripping roller, S., which transfers
whatever it takes off the breaker, to the stripping and transferring roller, S,,,
which transfers the fibrous materials from the taker-in roller, T, to the first
cylinder, C.

page_text: 10,
The fibrous materials, as carried round by the first cylinder, C₁, are acted on by
two worker rollers, W, W₁ in succession, being returned from each by its
attendant stripper roller, S₁₁, S₁₁, to the cylinder, C₁. The fibrous materials are
next acted on by what is known as a fancy roller R₁, which raises them without
taking them off the cylinder, C₁. The first upper additional drum, D₁, next
operates on the fibrous materials, working them and taking a portion off the first
cylinder, C₁, to be returned thereto by a following stripping and transferring
roller S₁. The fibrous materials pass next from the first cylinder, C₁, to the first
lower drun, D., and are transferred from it by a stripping roller, S₁e, to the second
cylinder, C, the first lower drum, D, also acting as a worker in connection with
the second cylinder, C.
The fibrous materials on the second cylinder, C₂, in passing up and round from
the first lower drum, D., are acted upon as. by a worker, by the first upper
drum D, which thus acts as a worker in connection with both the first cylinder, C₁,
and the second, C. A stripping roller, S₁, transfers the fibrous materials back to
the second cylinder, C., and they are next acted on by a fancy roller, R₁a, after
which they are acted on by the second upper drum, D. The arrangement and
operation of the second upper and lower drums, D, Dы, between the second and
third cylinders, C., C, are the same as those of the first upper and lower
drums, D, D, between the first and second cylinders, C₁, C. The fibrous materials
whilst passing over the third cylinder, C, are acted on by a worker roller, W 19,
followed by its stripping roller, S., and by a fancy roller R, and next by the
usual doffing roller or drum, 22.
In connection with each of the three cylinders, C₁, C, Cs, there is a fancy
roller, RR, Res, which is arranged at the lower side of the cylinder in each case,
and is accompanied by a stripping roller, S., S7, S₁s, to return to the cylinder any
fibrous materials the fancy roller may take off it; the fancy rollers, R, R4, R25,
are however arranged and driven with the view of raising the fibrous materials on
the cylinders without taking much if any off. These fancy rollers R, R24, R25
applied to the lower parts of the cylinders, C₁, C, Ca, as described, operate
advantageously and effect the separation of dust and foreign matters, and thereby
keeping the cylinder in such condition that it requires to be cleaned only once
every sixty or seventy hours.
The fast and loose pulleys (29, Figure 2) for the belt by means of which the
machine is driven, are on the shaft of one, C, of the large cylinders and motion
is transmitted to the other parts partly by belts, partly by pitch chains, and partly
by spur gearing. In figure, 2, the pulleys and belts and spurwheels are shown by
full lines on one side of the machine and by peculiar dotted lines on the other side
whilst the pitch chains are shown by ordinary dotted lines.
With my various improved arrangements hereinbefore described and especially
with the upper drums, D., the carding operation is very thoroughly and effectively
performed; and larger quantities of fibrous materials can be passed through and
be more satisfactorily treated in a given time, than with ordinary machines. The
machine although no larger than an ordinary three-cylinder scribbler possesses
about double the doffing or carding power.
In constructing a clearer or finishing carding machine with my present
improvements there will in general be only two of the large carding cylinders, and
consequently only a single upper drum and a single lower drum between them.
In other respects the arrangement of the machine will be the same as for the
scribbler.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated but that what I believe to be novel and
original and claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
1. The arranging and combining together of the parts of carding machines
substantially in the improved manner hereinbefore described.

page_text: 2. The combination with the large cylinders in scribblers or clearers, of upper
and lower drums (D₁, D₁) placed between the cylinders and each acting in
connection with both cylinders between which it is placed, the parts being arranged
and operating substantially as herein before described.
3. The application of the fancy rollers, (RRR) to the lower parts of the
cylinders substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
4. The combination with the taker-in roller of three or more small breaker
rollers, furnished with Garnett wire and driven at graduated speeds, and of a
small stripping roller working in connection with the said "breaker rollers
substantially as hereinbefore described.
In Witness whereof, I, the said James Dobson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fifth day of September in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-two.
Witness.
EDMUND HUNT.
Patent Agent
Glasgow.
JAMES DOBSON. (LS)