Improvements in and relating to Mechanical or Automatic Musical Instruments.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by ROBERT WILLIARD PAIN, of 252, East
49th Street, New York, State of New York, United States of America,
Inventor.]
Improvements in and relating to Mechanical or Automatic Musical
Instruments.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This improvement relates to musical instruments which are operated auto-
matically. Important features of the improvement relate to the automatic operation
of pianofortes. Other features are applicable to the operation of pianofortes and
wind instruments.
In the accompanying drawings, the improvement is illustrated as embodied in a
musical instrument consisting of a combined pianoforte and reed organ.
Figure 1 is a front view of a musical instrument made in accordance with my
improvement and of an apparatus employed in connection therewith, certain parts
being removed to exhibit interior constructions.
Figure 2 is a back view of a portion of the musical instrument and of the
apparatus that is employed in connection therewith.
Figure 3 is a partial end view and partial transverse vertical section of such
musical instrument.
Figure 4 is a sectional end elevation of the apparatus for controlling the playing
of the musical instrument.
Figure 5 is a partly sectional end elevation of said apparatus, the section being
taken at the plane of the dotted. linear Figure 1, and looking in the direction
indicated by the arrow marked at one end of such dotted line.
Figure 6 is a transverse vertical section of the lower part of the musical
instrument taken at the plane of the dotted line y Figure and looking in the
direction indicated by the arrow marked at one end of this line.
Figure 7 is a transverse vertical section of the lower part of the instrument taken
at the plane of the dotted line = < Figure 1 and looking in the direction indicated
by the arrow at one end of the line.
Figure 8 is a horizontal section of a valve box comprised in the instrument.
Figure 9 is a top view of certain parts whereby an electric current may be
switched on or off, a music sheet, card, tablet or barrel may be reversed and the
speed of an air engine comprised in the instrument may be controlled.
Figure 10 is a rear view of the main section of a coupling whereby electric
circuits extending between the musical instrument and an apparatus whereby such
instrument is controlled may be quickly united and separated.
Figure 11 is a rear view of a secondary section of this coupling.
Figure 12 is a transverse section of the coupling.
Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating the electric circuits of the instrument.
Figure 14 is a side view of an electro-magnet used in the instrument.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.
The musical instrument, A, has a pianoforte action of any approved form and
also has any desired combination of parts for producing the operation of reeds.
A designates one of the strings of the pianoforte. A designates a hammer for
operating upon such string and A³ designates a key for producing the action of the
hammer.
It will, of course, be understood that these parts are to be duplicated

page_text: to produce the desired number of notes. The key, A³, is represented as being an
ordinary finger key and it will preferably have this form, as then the instrument
may be played manually as well as automatically.
The key A operates the corresponding hammer by elevating a rod resting upon
it rearwards of its fulcrum or pivot. Nothing more need be said as to the
construction of the action inasmuch as it may be varied to suit the ideas of the
constructor.
Each key, As, has combined with it a pneumatic motor, B, whereby the rear end
of the key may be elevated in the same manner as it would be elevated by the
depression of its forward end, so as to effect the operation of the corresponding
hammer. As here shown, motion is transmitted from the pneumatic motor to the
key by means of a rod B', extending to the under side of the latter, near its rear
end, from the motor.
As there will be a large number of these pneumatic motors and they will occupy
considerable space, it will be advantageous to arrange them in tiers or rows super-
posed one above the other and to stagger them or, in other words, to arrange them
so that the motors in each row will be opposite the spaces that occur between those
of the next upper and lower rows.
The motors will preferably be of such kind as to be collapsed by being put into
communication with exhaust or suction bellows and expanded by being put in
communication with the atmosphere. Such bellows will produce the movement of
the keys when they are collapsed by being put into communication with the
exhaust bellows and will, upon the admission of air to them, be expanded to
their normal condition. It is customary not to establish communication directly
between such bellows and the exhaust bellows, but to combine with the bellows
and motors and intermediate exhaust chamber. An exhaust chamber, C, of this
character is represented in the drawings. From it extend a number of channels
which lead to the interior of the pneumatic motors. As here shown, there extends
from the exhaust chamber a vertical board, C', provided with a number of
channels, c', and from this board, C¹, boards, C2, extend horizontally. The boards, C²,
have the fixed boards of the pneumatic motors fastened to their under sides and are
provided with a number of channels, c², corresponding to the number of pneumatic
motors that are attached to them. The channels, c², communicates with the
interiors of the pneumatic motors. Obviously, this construction provides for
establishing communication between the interior of any pneumatic motor and the
exhaust chamber. Valves are combined with the exhaust chamber and said
channels so as to provide for putting the channels into communication either with
the exhaust chamber or with the atmosphere. In the present example of my
improvement, the channels c¹ of the vertical board communicate with channels c
extending horizontally in the bottom of the exhaust chamber C and at the inner
extremities of the channels c, channels c³ extend vertically through the bottom of
the exhaust chamber, so that at their upper ends these vertical channels e³ lead to the
interior of the exhaust chamber, and at the lower ends they extend to the outside
of the exhaust chamber.
Each of the vertical channels c³ of the exhaust chamber has combined with it a
pair of valves, D¹ D'. These valves may be made in the form of discs and the
valves of each pair may be connected to a vertical rod, D, at such distance from
each other as that when one of the valves rests upon the adjacent side of the
exhaust chamber, the other will be removed from the side of the bottom of the
exhaust chamber which is the nearer to it. The rod D of each pair of valves may
pass through a channel and may be guided by means of plates d' d² arranged one
above and one below the bottom of the exhaust chamber.
When the valve D₁ of each pair of valves D D is seated, its fellow, D', will be
unseated and then communication with the corresponding pneumatic motor and the
exhaust chamber C will be cut off and such pneumatic motor will be put into com-
munication with the atmosphere. This will be the normal condition of the
pneumatic motor and it will remain expanded while the valves occupy these
I

page_text: positions. This position of the valves may be caused by gravity alone or gravity
aided by a spring d arranged within the wind chest and pressing down upon the top
of the rod D.
The bellows which rarify the air in the exhaust chamber, or, in other words,
exhaust the chamber, must be quite powerful to efficiently cause the operation of
the hammers, and the usual equalizer will be employed in connection with such
bellows and exhaust chamber. Other devices for regulating the rarifaction of air
in the exhaust chamber may also be employed. It will conduce to clearness to
omit a detailed description of these parts until after the sound producing devices
shall have been fully explained.
The valves controlling the operation of the pneumatic motors are operated by
electro-magnetic mechanism. For each pair of these valves is employed an
electro-magnet E, whose armature e is connected to the rod D of the corresponding
valves, so that upon being attracted it will raise the valves, thereby cutting off the
communication of the corresponding pneumatic motors with the atmosphere and
establishing communication between such motor and the exhaust chamber. This
shifting of the valves will cause the motor to be collapsed and will produce the
operation of the corresponding hammer in the pianoforte.
As here shown, the armature e of each clectro-magnet E is at one end connected
by a screw or analogous device with one of the poles of the magnet. The screw or
analogous device must pass through a hole in the armature of considerably greater
size, so that the armature may be loose and free to oscillate up and down when
attracted by the other pole of the magnet. A convenient way of connecting the
armature e of each electro-magnet with the corresponding rod D consists in passing
such rod through the armature and applying a nut of any suitable material to the
rod in contact with each side of the armature.
It will be readily understood that there will have to be as many of the electro-
magnets. as there are hammers to be operated and as many independent electric
circuits as there are electro-magnets. ele represent wires extending from the
extremities of the coils of each electro-magnet. The wires e leading from the
electro-magnets may be connected with a common return wire, and the independent
wires of the several circuits may, with such common return wire, be bunched into
a cable, as represented in Figure 1..
The wires lead to a coupling Farranged on the back of the case of the
musical instrument, A, and from this coupling piece a corresponding number of
wires lead to an apparatus, G, whereby the automatic playing of the musical
instrument, A, is effected.
The coupling piece, I, is composed of two sections. The main section is
fastened by screws or otherwise to the back of the case of the musical instru-
ment A, and the secondary section may be fastened to the main section by screws.
or other devices, so as to be readily detachable. When this section is fastened to
the main section, electrical communication will be established between the wires e¹
and the wires leading to the apparatus G.
The main section of the coupling piece has in its rear side a number of longi-
tudinal grooves, f', which in the present instance, extend horizontally. In these
grooves are located spring metal strips that are secured in place at one end by
pins or screws and at the other end project rearwardly, or, in other words, away
from the back of the musical instrument. The resilience of these springs is such
that their free ends will project beyond the rear surface of the main section of the
coupling piece. Besides the grooves f¹, the main section of the coupling piece is
provided with transverse vertical grooves f, which intersect the grooves f.
Groups of the wires ¹ may be passed through the transverse grooves f* to the
springs f
The outer or secondary section of the coupling piece is provided with a number
of holes f, through which extend the wires of the apparatus Gr.
The wires h or contact pieces extending therefrom are intended to impinge
against the springs of the main section of the coupling piece when the secondary

page_text: section is fastened in its place and to thus form an effective electrical contact
between corresponding wires e¹ and h¹.
In the rear of the secondary section of the coupling piece is a longitudinal
groove through which the wires may extend. Rearwards of the secondary
section, a cover, consisting of a flat piece, may be arranged. Of course the two
sections of the coupling piece and the cover must be made of insulating material,
and, obviously, the wires e and must have insulating coverings.
The common wire to which the wires e extending from the electro-magnets are
connected extends to a contact piece resembling the springs f" and similarly
fastened at one end in one of the longitudinal grooves of the main section of the
coupling. It is shown as slightly larger than the springs 2, but otherwise is
identical with them in construction and function. Opposite this contact piece 7,
the secondary section of the coupling will have a hole f receiving a wire h² or a
contact piece in electrical communication with such wire which will impinge
against the contact piece f7 when the secondary section of the coupling is in place.
This wire may be grouped with the wires h'.
This coupling piece provides for readily making electrical connection between the
apparatus, G, and the musical instrument A and for disconnecting the same
electrically. The wires extend to a corresponding number of contact pieces
located in the apparatus G and co-operating in connection with a contact piece.
The contact pieces * consist of resilient strips of metal so constituted that normally
they will not impinge against the contact piece ³. The contact piece is con-
nected by a wire with a binding post attached to the case of the apparatus G.
From the latter a wire 8 extends to one pole of the battery I.
The wire extends to a binding piece and from the latter a wire 10 extends
to the other pole of the battery H. Obviously, whenever one of the contact
pieces is caused to impinge upon the contact pieces 4, an electric circuit will
be established through one of the electro-magnets E and a stroke of the corre-
sponding hammer of the pianoforte will be produced. The contact pieces are
caused to impinge against the contact piece by means of small pneumatic
motors, I, here shown as arranged within an exhaust chamber I. Internally these
pneumatic motors communicate with ducts i extending to the apex of a rest or
tracker board, 12. A perforated music sheet 13 travelling over this rest or
tracker board operates as a valve to admit or exclude air from the inside of the
motors. Whenever a perforation of the music sheet passes a duct of the tracker
board, the corresponding pneumatic motor I will be expanded and thereupon
will force down the opposite contact piece by acting upon a pin that
extends from the under side of such pneumatic motor through the bottom of
the exhaust chamber I to such contact piece. Whenever air is excluded by the
passage of an imperforate portion of the music sheet over a duct of the tracker
board, the corresponding motor, I will be collapsed by means of a spring, as,
for instance, by means of the opposite contact piece or by means of this contact
piece aided by a spring inside the motor.
The music sheet is shown as wound upon rollers arranged on each side of the
tracker board. Means for propelling a music sheet thus attached to rollers are
common in the art and have included devices for reversing and rewinding a
music sheet besides devices for cutting off the air upon which the operation of
the musical instrument is dependent while the music sheet is being rewound.
Any of these means may be adopted, and, as they form no part of the present
improvement, they have not been fully illustrated and will not be further
described. 10 is a pull piece for effecting the reversing of the music sheet
Obviously, any equivalent for the perforated music sheet may be employed, as
for instance, a music sheet, card, tablet or barrel provided with projections
serving to open or close valves acting in conjunction with the ducts of a tracke
board.
A description of the means for rarifying the air in the exhaust chamber, I', wil
be postponed for the present.

page_text: Having now explained the operation of the pianoforte, the sound-producing
devices which are caused to speak by the action of wind will be explained.
J designates a reed board having a number of separate reed cells containing
reeds These reed cells are open at the end so as to admit air above the
reeds, and beneath the reeds they communicate with an exhaust chamber J
under control of valves . Whenever one of the valves is opened, the corre-
sponding reed cell will be put in communication with the exhaust chamber J',
whereupon air will enter the corresponding reed cell, pass through the reed and
flow into the exhaust chamber J. The action of the reeds may be controlled
by means of a cover or mute J extending across the mouths or open ends of
the reed cells and operated in any suitable manner. As here shown, such cover
or mute is hinged at the upper edge.
On the end of the cover or mute J2 that extends over the mouths of the reed
cells is a pin. A block is fastened to the rod and moves with such rod.
Its rear face is inclined and acts upon an arm j extending from a rock shaft that
is journalled above the valve box L. This rock shaft has another arm 3, which
when the block shifts the arm 23, will act upon the pin 20 so as to raise said
cover or mutes J. The cover or mute J will therefore be raised whenever the
pull piece Q' is pulled out so as to enable the reeds to be played. When the pull
piece is pushed in, the cover or mute J closing by gravity with or without the
force of a spring acting upon it, returns the rock shaft which is provided with the
arms to its normal position.
A swell may also be used to modify the action of the reeds. A swell consisting
of a cover Jhinged at one edge at a short distance from the mouths of the reed
cells and intended to be operated by one of the pedals of the musical instrument A,
may be used for this purpose. A projection extends upwardly from one of the
pedal bars, and at its upper end impinges against the under side of a lever ³,
which is fulcrumed by a pin 132 to a fixed portion of the instrument. From the
cover an arm as extends over the lever ³. Obviously, when the pedal bar
carrying the projection is raised, the cover J³ will be opened, and when said
pedal bar resumes its normal position, the cover J³ will be closed, either by gravity
or under the influence of a spring. A pin attached to the swell serves to open the
latter when the pedal is depressed.
The means for rarifying the air in the exhaust chamber J will presently be
described.
The reed valves are depressed so as to establish communication between the
exhaust chamber A' and the reed cells by means of pneumatic motors J3, here
shown as arranged above the reed board and combined with the reed valves by
means of intermediate pins extending through the reed board from the under
side of the movable boards of such motors to the upper side of such valves.
Springs raise the reed valves whenever this is possible. It will be readily
understood from this explanation that when the pneumatic motors are collapsed, the
pins will open the reed valves and cause the speaking of the reeds.
With the inside of the pneumatic motors J13 communicate channels formed in
the upper part of the reed board. These channels communicate by means of
pipes with the channels c' of the board C. The pipes may be made of rubber
and slipped upon nipples extending from the channels and e¹, so as to be readily
removable.
It will be seen that the exhaust chamber Û not only effects the operation of the
pneumatic motors B, but also causes the operation of the pneumatic motors J³
under control of the valves D D. Thus the speaking of a reed may be produced
at the same time that the operation of a corresponding hammer of the pianoforte
action is effected, provided of course that the cover or mute of the reed cells shall
have been opened.
Now a description will be given of the wind producing apparatus. Two distinct
sets of bellows are employed owing to the fact that a greater pressure is requisite

page_text: for the operation of the pneumatic motors than for the sounding of the reeds. First,
the wind producing apparatus for the pneumatic motors will be described.
K designates bellows arranged in the lower part of the apparatus G and mounted
upon a wind chest K.
The fixed boards of these bellows are fastened to the
top of the wind chest K and the bellows communicate with such wind chest under
control of valves of any approved form. The movable boards of these bellows
vibrate upwards and downwards and are provided as usual with valves. These bellows
are of the kind known as section bellows. Their movable boards are connected
by rods with a cranked shaft K' journalled in brackets erected upon the wind
chest and in other brackets ³ erected on a board * arranged above the plane
of the bellows K in the apparatus G.
The wind chest ' communicates at its rear with an equalizer K³, made in the
form of a large bellows and arranged close to the back of the case of the
apparatus G. This equalizer need not be provided with any valve, its function
being merely to equalize the pressure within the wind chest K. In order that it
may fulfil this function, it is provided internally with springs forcing it outwards
and when the bellows K rarify the air within the wind chest K. atmospheric
pressure more or less collapses the equalizer, K³, against the resistance of the
springs in the latter. The equalizer will preferably have a relief valve to prevent
undue straining.
From the wind chest K₁ a pipe K leads to the exhaust chamber I¹ and in this
way the rarifaction of air within the latter is produced. From the back of the
equalizer K³, a pipe K extends out of the back of the case of the apparatus G.
It proceeds along the back of said case to one side thereof, where it communicates
with a rubber pipe, K, slipped over its end. This rubber pipe is also slipped
over the end of a pipe, K, running along the back of the case of the musical
instrument A and entering the compartment of a valve box L, which is located
within said instrument, A. The compartment of this valve box communicates
under control of a valve with a compartment 3 of the valve box. The latter
communicates by a pipe K with an exhaust chamber C. This rarifaction of air
in the chamber C is produced by means of the bellows K.
From the wind chest K¹ a pipe K' extends to the wind chest M of an air engine,
which consists of such wind chest M and a number of bellows-like chambers M
having their movable boards connected with a cranked shaft M². This cranked shaft
is provided with a pulley transmitting motion through a belt M³ to a shaft M',
whereby the music sheet heretofore mentioned is propelled.
The air engine may be regulated by a slide valve m controlling the flow of air
through its bellows-like chambers. An arm m extending from a vertical rock
shaft mis pivotally connected with the slide valve m. At the upper end of the
rock shaft is an arm m³, which is connected with a rod m* having at its outer end a
pull piece M located at the front of the apparatus G.
Turning now to the means for rarifying the air in the exhaust chamber J',
N designates a number of bellows having their movable boards connected by rods n
with the upper extremities of the rods k, whereby the movable boards of the
bellows are connected with the cranked shaft K. It is obvious that the rotation
of the cranked shaft K' will thus operate the movable boards of the bellows N as
well as those of the bellows K.
The fixed boards of these bellows, N, are fastened to one side of a vertical wind
chest, N', which communicates by a pipe N2 with an equalizer N³ of ordinary
construction. From the equalizer N³ leads a pipe, N, that extends through the
back of the case of the apparatus G and along the outside of the same to one side.
Its end communicates with a rubber pipe, N³, slipped over it and this pipe com-
municates with a pipe N that extends along the back of the case of the musical
instrument and thence through the latter to a compartment of the valve box L.
This compartment communicates under control of a valve with a compartment le
of said valve box. From the latter leads a pipe, N', to the exhaust chamber J
As before intimated, the bellows N are not intended to produce so great a rarifaction

page_text: of the air in the exhaust chamber J' as that produced by the bellows K within the
parts in conjunction with which they operate.
If desired, the action of the bellows N may be made to supplement that of the
bellows K, by shifting a slide valve P, which controls the communication of
the wind chest N' with the pipe N2 and also the communication of such wind chest
with a pipe P that extends from said wind chest N¹ to the equalizer K³. When
this slide is moved in one direction, it will establish communication between the wind
chest N and pipe N2, besides cutting off communication between the wind chest N'
and the equalizer K³. A reverse movement of the valve will establish communi-
cation between the wind chest N' and the equalizer K³ and cut off communication
between the wind chest N¹ and pipe N. The bellows N will be made to supplement
the bellows K only when it is not desired to use the reeds. The slide valve may
be operated by a pull piece P at the end of a rod which is connected with
the upper end of a lever P³, that is fulcrumed between its ends to a fixed part
of the apparatus G and at the lower end is pivotally connected with said
slide valve.
+
On the cranked shaft K is a pulley to which motion is transmitted by a
belt from a pulley k on a shaft K, journalled in brackets supported by the
back of the case of the apparatus G. Motion is imparted to the shaft K through
a pulley with which it is provided, such pulley deriving motion from a belt k¹º
passing around a pulley o affixed to the shaft of an electro-magnet motor O.
A current of electricity is supplied to the electro-magnetic motor from any suitable
source, as, for instance, from the battery H. In the present instance, a wire o¹, is
shown as extending from the binding post to one electrode of the electro-magnetic
motor, a wire o³ is shown as extending from the other electrode of the motor to a
switch o³, from the switch o³ a wire o is shown as extending to a binding post o³ and
from the latter extends a wire of to the same pole of the battery as that to which
the wire leads. The switch o³ may be shifted by means of a rod o' leading to
the front of the apparatus G and terminating in a pull piece O¹.
Q designates a pull piece arranged at the front of the musical instrument in the
position of an ordinary stop handle. It is connected to a rod y extending rearwardly
and pivotally connected to one end of a bell crank lever q'. This bell crank
lever is fulcrumed by a pin to a fixed portion of the musical instrument. The
other end of the bell crank lever q is pivotally connected to a vertical rod q³, which
is attached to the valve of the valve box L. By pulling out the pull piece Q,
the valve may be adjusted so as to vary the communication between the chambers ¹
1
and of the valve box L. Thus the action of the pneumatic motors operating the
hammers of the pianoforte may be varied so as to give expression to the playing of
the instrument.
Q' designates a pull piece arranged adjacent to the pull piece Q and upon the
outer end of a rod 7. At the rear end, this rod 9 is pivotally connected to one
arm of a bell crank lever g, which between its ends is fulcrumed by a pin 7 to a
fixed portion of the musical instrument and at the other end is pivotally connected
to a rod g', attached to the valve of the valve box L. By pulling out the pull
piece Q, the valve will be shifted, so that communication. will be established
between the chambers of the valve box L and hence between the pipes N° N'.
This will cause a rarifaction of air in the exhaust chamber J and render. the
reeds capable of being played.
Provision is afforded for securing the keys A³ against movement by an adjustable
rail, R, pivotally connected at its upper portion with a fixed part of the musical
instrument and capable of being swung into a position rearwards of the keys or
into a position above the rear ends of the keys. It is operated by a rod »
fulcrumed at its lower end in a bracket supported by a fixed part of the
instrument. The upper end of this rod is pivotally connected to one end of a
link, which at the other end is pivotally connected to the rail R. To the rod r
intermediately of its ends a rod is pivotally connected. This rod extends
forwardly and at the outer end has a pull piece R' connected with it. By pulling

page_text: out the pull piece R', the rail R may be made to hold the keys A³ in an inoperative
position. By pushing in the pull piece R', the rail R may be adjusted to a position
where it will release the keys.
A distinguishing feature of this improvement consists in the combination of
pneumatic motors for operating the hammers of a pianoforte action, electro-magnets
for controlling these pneumatic motors and a music sheet, card, tablet or barrel for
causing the operation of the electro-magnets.
Another important feature of the improvement consists in the combination of a
set of pneumatic motors for operating the hammers of a pianoforte action, another
set of pneumatic motors operating the valves of an organ and a set of pneumatic
motors controlling those which operate the hammers of the pianoforte action and
the organ valves and operating under the control of a music sheet, card, tablet
or barrel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :
1. In an automatic musical instrument, the combination of a number of sound
producing devices, pneumatic motors for causing the operation of such sound
producing devices and electro-magnetic apparatus for controlling said pneumatic
motors, substantially as specified.
2. In an automatic musical instrument, the combination of a number of sound
producing devices, pneumatic motors for causing the operation of said sound pro-
ducing devices, electro-magnets for controlling said motors and a music sheet or its
equivalent for controlling said electro magnets, substantially as specified.
3. In an automatic pianoforte, the combination of pneumatic motors for operating
the hammers and electro-magnetic apparatus for controlling the action of the
pneumatic motors, substantially as specified.
4. In an automatic musical instrument, the combination of a number of sound
producing devices, pneumatic motors for causing the operation of such sound pro-
ducing devices, electro-magnets for controlling the pneumatic motors, electric
circuits including the electro-magnets, pneumatic motors controlling said circuits
and a music sheet or its equivalent for controlling the last mentioned pneumatic
motors, substantially as specified.
5. In an automatic musical instrument, the combination of a set of sound pro-
ducing devices, pneumatic motors for causing the operation of such sound producing
devices, electro-magnetic mechanism for controlling said pneumatic motors, a
second set of sound producing devices, pneumatic motors for controlling the second
set of sound producing devices under control of the said electro-magnetic mechanism
and mechanism, substantially such as described, whereby either set of sound pro-
ducing devices may be rendered operative or both may be used together,
substantially as specified.
6. In an automatic musical instrument, the combination of two independent sets
of sound producing devices and means, substantially such as described, whereby
either may be operated alone and the other rendered temporarily inoperative,
substantially as specified.
7. In an automatic musical instrument, the combination of a pianoforte action,
an organ and two independent wind producing mechanisms so constituted as to
produce a different pressure of air for different parts of said instrument, substantially
as specified.
8. In a combined pianoforte and organ, the combination of a set of pneumatic
motors for the pianoforte action, another set of pneumatic motors for the organ
and a third set of pneumatic motors causing the operation of the first and
second sets and controlled themselves by a music sheet, or its equivalent,
substantially as specified.
9. In an automatic musical instrument wherein a number of pneumatic motors
impart movement to a number of devices causing the speaking of sound producing

page_text: devices, the combination with such pneumatic motors, of a valve operated by the
performer and varying the action of the said pneumatic motors so as to vary the
expression of the playing, substantially as specified.
10. An electro-maguet for a musical instrument having two core pieces separately
wound with coils and an armature loosely connected by a screw or equivalent
device with one of the core pieces and extended under the other core pieces,
substantially as specified.
Dated this 6th day of July 1891.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.