An Improvement or Improvements in Covering, Casing or Binding Books.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Nov., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 24th May, 1898-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement or Improvements in Covering, Casing or
Binding Books.
I, CHARLES EDWARD SCARSE, of The Birmingham Library, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Librarian, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In the ordinary method of binding books in the manner commonly called casing,
the printed matter of the book is so imperfectly connected to the casing or cover
of the book that when the book is much used the printed matter separates wholly
or in part from the casing.
The object of my invention is so to conduct the process of casing that the printed
matter of the said cased book is as firmly or nearly as firmly connected to its cover
as in the case of a book bound by the best methods of binding.
I will illustrate the nature of my invention in connection with the casing or
covering or binding of a book the pages of which are 7 inches by 5 inches.
The sections or folds of the book to be cased or covered according to my invention
are sewn on tapes in the ordinary way, but the backs of the said sections or folds
should not be sawn or cut in any way. An end-paper, preferably of the same paper
as the book, is cut to the size of 7 inches by 5 inches, so that the said end-paper
may cover the front of the first section of the book and be folded over the back.
This end paper I will designate by the letter B. Another end-paper, mounted on
fine linen or jaconet, is cut about an eighth of an inch wider that the said end
paper B, as it has to embrace two sections of the book, and fold over the second
section. This mounted end paper which is ultimately to be pasted on to the inside
of the front cover, I will designate by the letter A. In commencing to sew the
book, the end-paper A is laid in front of the sewing frame, linen side down, with
the fold of about half an inch resting upright against the tapes on which the
sections of the books are to be sewn. The first section, with its end paper B folded
over the back of it, is placed in position for sewing, the needle being passed
through the said section (in the ordinary way) and through the end-
paper B and end-paper A The fold-over of the end-paper B is pressed
or flattened down, and the second section is placed in position for sewing,
the needle passing through the section, and through the end-paper A. The other
sections, are sewn on in the ordinary way until the last two sections are arrived at.
The last section but one has an end-paper A, similar to the previously described
end-paper A on the second section, folded over the back of it, and sewn on in
the ordinary way, the needle being passed through the section and its end-
paper (A). The last section is provided with an end-paper similar to the first
described end-paper B and is placed in position between the previous section and its
end-paper A the needle being passed through the section and its end-paper B
and also through the end-paper A of the preceeding section. The sewing is finished
in the ordinary way, and the tapes are cut away from the sewing frame, allowing
the tapes to project at least an inch and a half beyond the back of the book

page_text: on both sides. Suitable coloured or tinted end-papers (7 by 10 inches are preferably
pasted over the end-papers A and B. The book is now ready to be placed in its covers.
The tapes should be folded over on to the end-papers, and held in position by paste or
other adhesive matter. The book is placed in position between the covers and
the end papers pasted down on to the front and back boards. The book is then
allowed to dry in the press in the ordinary way.
It is not necessary to have the pasted down coloured end papers, especially, if
the same paper as that on which the book is printed is used for the divided end-
papers A and B but it is indispensable that the end papers A should be mounted
on to fine linen or jaconet, and sewn on to the sections of the book as before
described, and that these end papers should be firmly pasted down on to the covers
of the book and well pressed. It may be found convenient to make the end-papers
with their paste-downs all complete before sewing them on to the sections of the
book, but the same methods otherwise must be employed and the first two and
the last two sections must be sewn on to the linen guards left projecting from the
middles of the end-papers. In books cased, covered or bound according to my
invention the covers are so firmly connected with the printed matter of the book
that the liability of the covers to be detached from the printed matter of the book,
as in books cased, covered or bound in the ordinary way, is altogether obviated.
Dated this Twentieth day of November 1897.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
An Improvement or Improvements in Covering, Casing or
Binding Books.
I, CHARLES EDWARD SCARSE, of The Birmingham Library, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Librarian, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement; -
In the ordinary method of binding books in the manner commonly called casing
the printed matter of the book is so imperfectly connected to the casing or cover
of the book that when the book is much used the printed matter separates wholly
or in part from its cover.
The object of my invention is therefore to so improve the mode of means for casing
the book that the printed matter of the said cased book is as firmly or nearly as
firmly connected to its cover as in the case of a book bound by the best methods
of binding and this I effect without materially adding to the cost of casing.
A book properly cased in accordance with my specification may be recased or
rebound without resewing thereby indefinately prolonging the life of the book.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood and more easily carried
into practise I have appended hereunto a sheet of drawings upon which I have fully
illustrated the nature of my said improvements together with the mode of carry-
ing them into effect.
Figure 1 is a view of the first section or fold of the book to be cased with the
end papers folded and in position.
Figure 2 is a similar view to Figure 1 but shewing the second section or fold in
position.
Figure 3 is a view of a book complete without its cover.
Figure 4 is a enlarged cross section through the book when partly opened shew-
ing the cover attached thereto.

page_text: Figure 5 is a similar cross section to Figure 4 but shewing the cover with each
of its sides turned back from the book.
Figure 6 is a view of a book partly open which is cased in accordance with my
said improvements.
Figure 7 is a view of the end papers shewing a modification in the proceedure.
In carrying my invention into effect the sections or folds E of the books to
be cased or covered are sewn on the tapes F in the ordinary way but the backs of
the said sections or folds E should not be sawn or cut in any way. The end paper B
which is preferably of the same paper as the book is cut wider than the size of the
section so that the said end paper B may cover the front of the first section of the
book and be folded over the back as shewn by 61. A second end paper A which
is mounted on fine linen or jaconet or other suitable material is cut slightly wider
than the end paper B to enable it to embrace two sections or folds E and E¹ of the
book and to be folded over the second section E¹ as shewn by a² being ultimately
pasted on to the inside of the front cover of the book.
In commencing to sew the book the linen backed end paper A is laid in front of
the sewing frame linen side down with the fold a resting against the tapes F on
which the sections E, E¹ of the book are to be sewn.
The first section E with the end paper B folded over the back of it is placed in
position for sewing the needle being passed through the said section in the ordinary
way and through the end paper B and end paper A as shewn at h. The foldover of
the end paper B is pressed or flattened down over the section E at 61 and the second
section E is placed in position for being sewn the needle passing through the
section E and through the end paper A. The foldover of the end paper A is then
pressed or flattened down over the section E¹ at a² and the other sections are sewn
on in the ordinary way, until the last two sections are arrived at when the last
section but one is provided with a linen backed end paper A similar to that pre-
viously described with regard to the second section at the commencement of the
book and which is folded over and sewn on, the needle passing through the section
and the linen backed end pape A. The last section is provided with an end paper
similar to the first described end paper B and is placed in position between the
previous section and its end paper A the needle being passed through the section
and its end paper B and also through the end papers A of the preceeding section.
The sewing is finished off in the ordinary way and the tapes F are cut away from
the sewing frame allowing the tapes to project at f¹ a liberal amount beyond the
back of the book on each side.
Suitable supplementary decorative coloured or tinted end papers are preferably
pasted over the inside faces a³ and 63 of the end papers A and B as shewn
in Figure 6.
The book being now ready to be place in its cover it is well pressed and the
tapes Fare pulled tight over the end papers A and held in position by paste or
other adhesive matter and the book placed in position between the cover C, the
linen backed end papers A being then pasted down on to the front and back boards
of the cover and the book allowed to dry in the press in the ordinary way. It is not
necessary to use the pasted down supplementary decorative end papers especially if
the same paper as that on which the book is printed is used for the divided end
papers A and B but it is indispensible that the end papers A should be mounted
on fine linen or jaconet or other suitable material and sewn on to the sections of the
book as before described and that these end papers A should he firmly pasted down
or otherwise secured to the cover C of the book and well pressed. It may be found
convenient to make the end papers with their paste downs a3 and 63 all complete
before sewing them on to the sections of the book but in all other respects the
methods described must be employed and the first two and the last two sections
must be sewn on to the linen and paper guards a and b which are left projecting
from the end papers A and B as shewn by Figure 7. Although they are generally
necessary I do not confine myself to the use of the end papers B as they might be
omitted without departing from my said invention in which case the linen backed

page_text: end papers A may be folded over only the first and last sections of the book.
Surfaced and coloured book binders cloth may be substituted for the linen or cotton
backed end papers A those of the lighter shades being the most suitable.
In books cased covered or bound in accordance with my improvements it will be
seen on referance to Figure 5 that the covers C are so firmly connected with the
linen or cloth of the end papers A becoming as much part of the cover as the
linen or cloth covering the outside thereof the book being therefore practically
sewn on to the cover and in such a manner that the liability of the covers to be
detached from the printed matter of the books as is the case with book cased
covered or bound in the ordinary way is obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st In the covering casing or binding of books the linen backed end papers A
folded round the backs of and sewn into either the sections E and E¹ or only the end
sections E of the book and securely attached to the covers C substantially as and
for the purpose herein set forth and illustrated.
2nd In the covering casing or binding of books the combination of the linen
backed end papers A and the end papers B folded around the backs of and sewn
into the sections E, E¹ of the book and securely attached to the covers C substan-
tially as and for the purpose herein set forth and illustrated.
3rd In the covering casing or binding of books the entire process of preparing
the book for receiving the casing substantially as herein set forth and illustrated
in Figures 1-2 and 3.
Dated this 23rd day of May 1898.
LEWIS WM. GOOLD,
Agent for Applicant, 5, Corporation Street, Birmingham.