matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMUNITION FOR ORDNANCE."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haycraft at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1876.
GEORGE HAYCRAFT, of Faversham, in the County of Kent.
THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMUNITION FOR ORDNANCE."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to the manufacture of consolidated ammunition for field
guns and heavy ordnance, and also for charging shells in lieu of ordinary gun-
powder.
According to my Invention I take what is known as large grain powder rifle
large grain powder or press cake broken into lumps or fragments, and compress it in
moulds by hydraulic or other pressure, so as to form solid charges of cylindrical or
cylindro-conical form, and of a size to fill the powder chamber of the gun. These
solid charges would be made of different sizes to suit the various calibres of
ordnance. The charges may also be made in segments which when fitted together
will exactly fill the charge chamber of the gun. For some uses I may compress the
powder or broken press cake into cubes or of other forms desired.
By consolidating gunpowder charges each charge is made rigid and consequently
can be handled without fear of breakage, as is the case with granulated powder
when packed (as ordinarily) loose in serge bags. The charge can be adapted to any
necessary conditions as to velocity and pressure on the gun, by modifying the
size and density of the particles consolidated, and by carrying consolidation to a
greater or lesser extent as the case may be. Much space is also gained by con-
solidating ammunition, which affords a longer length of barrel for the projectile to
travel in, or a shorter and consequently lighter and more manageable gun. The
consolidated ammunition can also be stored in one-third less space in a ship or
magazine or transport wagon than ordinary ammunition.
A MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING THE IMPROVED APPARATUS TO PRODUCE SOUND AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR A CASTANET
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Distin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1876.
HENRY JOHN DISTIN, of No. 14, Tavistock Street, Bedford Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanician. "A MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING THE IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO PRODUCE SOUND AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR A CASTANET," for which
Letters Patent dated the 23rd day of February 1876 were granted to me.
The several parts constituting the said machine are substantially shown in the
Drawings filed herewith,
Figure 1 represents the bottom plate into which the die, Figure 2, after being
inverted, descends by force of the press and cuts or stamps the metal for the shell
or case. The part marked a on Figures 1 and 2 cuts or stamps the metal in the
shape, as shewn in Figure 3. The part marked b on Figures 1 and 2 shapes the
double shell or case, as shewn in Figure 4.
Figure 5 represents the cutter which by pressure separates the double shell,
Figure 4, into two parts, as shewn in Figure 6.
Figure 7 is the bottom plate used with the die, Figure 8, and the holder, Figure 9,
to turn down the top edge of the shell, as shewn by the letter a in Figure 6. On
the reverse side of Figure 9 there may be a die with raised letters to stamp the
name of the manufacturer or trade mark or other indication thereon.
Figure 10 is the bottom plate used with the die, Figure 11, for cutting and
forming the small slip of metal shewn in Figures 12 and 13, which piece of metal
being forced under the lip formed by turning down the top edge of the shell
marked a in Figure 6, holds the indented steel spring which causes the sound and
which is marked a in Figure 14.
Figure 15 is the bottom plate used with the die, Figure 16, by which the steel
spring is cut the required length and shape, and the indentation formed in the
spring.
Figure 17 represents the ordinary arrangements for holding the dies in the press,
Figures 1 and 2 being represented as fixed therein.
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edwin Wallis and Walter John
Hayford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August
1876
"
'IM-
CHARLES EDWIN WALLIS, of Balham, in the County of Surrey, and WALTER JOHN
HAYFORD, of Carlisle Street, Westminster Bridge Road, in the same County.
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES"
A conspicuous novelty of this Invention consists in the absence of any stock or
foot board. A pair of rollers fitted to suitable brackets are fixed by straps in the
ordinary way to the fore part of each of the skaters feet, and to each of his heels
are fastened a similar pair also connected with small brackets. The two pairs of
rollers may for convenience be united by a strap or chain. An adjustable bar or
rod may connect the two pairs of rollers in order to ensure the stability of the
latter and to maintain any desired distance between them. This bar may have
a joint or hinge, by means of which the skate may be doubled or folded, thus
bringing the two pairs of rollers compactly together, and making them conveniently
portable.
The rollers are supported and manoeuvred as follows-Centrally between the
two rollers and in connection with the axle is placed a spiral spring, on which and
on its companion spring supporting the other pair of rollers are to rest the weight
of the skater. In the lateral portions of the above-mentioned brackets, slots are
formed in an inclined direction, and serve chiefly as guides for the axle ends when
the skater making a sharp curve changes the pressure on the spring from a vertical
to a more or less inclined direction, and therefore deflects the axle of the rollers
from its normal horizontal position.
As a modification it is proposed to dispense with the spring, and to form on or
within the brackets aforesaid a jaw or other receptacle, which is to embrace the
axle of the rollers at its central part, and within which it is intended to place india-
rubber or other elastic padding in the form of a key and cotter or otherwise, in
order to ensure an easy flexible lateral pressure whilst the skater deviates from a
direct course.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Lord and George Jackson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1876.
WALTER LORD, of the Firm of Lord, Brothers, of Todmorden, in the County of
York, Machine Makers, Cotton Spinners, and Manufacturers, and GEORGE JACKSON,
of the same place, Manager. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
In looms of the ordinary construction the shuttle on entering the shuttle box has
to overcome the resistance of the swell which acts on the finger connected to the
cricket bar, and the power required to overcome the friction of the swell against the
shuttle is considerable. Now our Invention consists in the use of antifriction bowls
fitting in the slots of the shuttle box in the place of the swells, which bowls are
mounted on the fingers connected to the cricket bar, against which bowls the
shuttle acts; by this means the friction and the power required for propelling the
shuttle are reduced, thereby rendering the shuttle more durable and economising
power.
Our Invention is particularly applicable to under-pick looms, as by it the strain
on the picking levers is reduced; it is however applicable to looms of every de-
scription, and the antifriction bowls, instead of being mounted on the fingers of the
cricket bar, may be applied in various other ways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING GROOVES IN WOODWORK
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1876.
JOHN RICHARDS, of Adelphi, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING GROOVES IN WOODWORK."
This Invention relates to machinery for cutting grooves or rebates in woodwork,
especially for cutting the grooves in the framing for stairs, and for shelf work and
similar work. It consists in reciprocating sliding planes operated by lever rack
and pinion or equivalent mechanism; the tools are guided in straight lines, but at
various angles across the wood as required; such planes consist of spur cutters and
chisels, or in some cases rotary tools, the reciprocating movement being performed
preferably by hand, the tools are mounted adjustably and work on a pivotted
stand.
The Invention also consists in employing two such planing tools combined in one
machine moving at right angles to each other, and having a coincident, but reverse
reciprocal movement, so that two grooves can be cut at one time, and so that such
grooves can cross or terminate in each other without extending entirely across the
face of the work. The tools may be weighted to swing clear in the up stroke, and
go against stops for the down or cutting stroke.
The Invention also consists in the employment of rotating cutters instead of
spurs and chisels, the machine in other respects being substantially the same.
Laterally adjustable boring augers are provided for making holes terminating the
grooves. The feed of the stuff is varied by change wheels. The planing tools can
be set to act at various angles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gotty Blogg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1876.
WILLIAM GOTTY BLOGG, of No. 11, Smith Street, Chelsea, in the County of Mid-
dlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
This Invention is designed to produce a cheap and simple lock applicable to the
doors of railway carriages as well as for use in other situations.
In my improved lock the bolt, on being drawn back by the turning of the key or
spindle, is automatically locked by a spring catch in a position in which the outer
end of the bolt lies flush with the lock case, and whilst the handle by which the un-
locking has been effected is so held as to indicate that the bolt is in its unlocked
position, the lock presents no projection at the door edge. Thus the catching and
tearing of wearing apparel and other objections pertaining to most kinds of locks
are entirely obviated.
On the door being closed a small projection, conveniently placed in an unob-
structive situation in the door frame, causes the spring catch to release the bolt,
which is thereupon immediately shot out by the main spring, thus locking the door
as readily and effectually as by the ordinary projecting bevilled bolt without its
attendant disadvantages. The construction of my lock is extremely simple. In
one arrangement it consists of a slotted bolt with a main spring pressing it forward,
a cam arranged to be operated by a key or spindle for moving the bolt backward,
and a spring catch for holding the bolt in its backward position until released as
herein-before described. It will be evident that the details of construction may be
modified to suit circumstances without departure from the distinctive character of
my invention. In some cases the lock itself may be attached to the door frame
instead of to the door itself, the handle (not directly connected to the lock) being in
the door as usual, and serving to push back the bolt when the door is required to
be opened.
PROVEMENTS IN SCALES FOR TESTING COINS BY WEIGHT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. von
"IM-
Nawrocki, of Berlin, in the German Empire, Engineers and Patent Agents.
PROVEMENTS IN SCALES FOR TESTING COINS BY WEIGHT." A communication from
Alex. Bernstein, of Berlin, aforesaid.
The object of this Invention is to produce an accurate and convenient means for
testing certain coins by weighing, and so that a very slight excess or deficiency in
weight will show a great deflection in the scales.
The weigh beam is suspended by knife edges in a staple provided with handle.
One arm of the weigh beam is fitted or formned with suitable recesses for the
reception of, say, a half sovereign and a sovereign, and these recesses are so arranged
in different distances from the knife edges or centre of the scales that a sovereign
placed in the furthest recess, or a half sovereign placed in the nearest recess, balance
equally well, each distance multiplied by its corresponding coin weight forming the
same inultiple or product. The other end of the balance beam balances exactly when
either coin is put in its place. If the coin is the least too light or too heavy, tho
balance beam shows an appreciable clevation or depression.
The recesses may be to lay the coins therein flat on their faces, or the recesses
may be narrow slots across the balance beam, of the length of the respective
diameters of the coins, and of the width equal to the respective thicknesses of the
coins.
The scales may. if desired, be attached to a suitable stand.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TICKETING AND EXHIBITING WITH SECURITY JEWELLERY, WATCHES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Penney at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1876.
THOMAS PENNEY, of Sparkbrook, in the County of Warwick. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TICKETING AND EXHIBITING WITH SECURITY
JEWELLERY, WATCHES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."
My Invention relates to an improvement in the securing of jewellery, watches,
and other like articles when exposed for sale.
According to the present method of exhibiting jewellery and such like articles it
consists in arranging certain hooks loosely upon bars or rods termed window
fittings; these are always liable to accident, and robbery is greatly facilitated.
The improvement in my Invention consists in a combination of apparatus of any
required design, composed of paper, wood, or other material, and having one side
covered with velvet, satin, or other suitable material, the upper portion of the said
apparatus having a spring hook projecting; upon this is placed the article for
exhibition. Immediately above the spring hook is placed two small hooks, at the
back of which is a sliding plate with hook; this is to receive the ticket of any
desired size which describes the article. At the back of the apparatus is arranged
a metallic grip or slot, which being placed over the window bar is held securely
there by a thumbscrew pressing against the said bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERCUSSIVE ROCK BORING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darlington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1876.
JOHN DARLINGTON, of No. 2, Coleman Street Buildings, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PERCUSSIVE ROCK BORING MACHINES."
These improvements relate to the method of mounting and fixing percussive rock
boring machines, by the use of which such machines may be more readily fixed and
more securely held in position whilst working, at the same time dispensing with
much of the complication of parts at present in use.
For this purpose I make the outer surface of the cylinder circular, or of such a
form that a screw thread may be cut on its external circumference throughout the
whole or a part of its length. This is fitted to work in a screwed nut, in which it
is capable of turning freely. The said nut may be fixed to any support by any
well-known means.
I admit the fluid pressure through a revolving joint affixed to the cylinder in
connection with the pressure chamber and distributing apparatus in such a manner
that the cylinder may be rotated while being kept constantly in communication
with the pressure.
For advancing the apparatus as the hole is deepened it is simply necessary to
cause the cylinder to rotate either by hand or automatically by means of a feed
lever struck by the piston and acting on and turning the cylinder, when the
cylinder will be screwed forward through the nut towards the working face.
The reciprocating piston and piston rod with the boring tool attached may be
connected to the cylinder and so made to rotate with it, or they may be turned by
hand whilst the cylinder is turned automatically, or they may be turned auto-
matically by any well-known method, while the cylinder is turned and fed forward
by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF APPLYING SELF-ACTING TEMPLES TO LOOMS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holroyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1876.
THOMAS HOLROYD, of Leeds, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF APPLYING SELF-ACTING TEMPLES TO LOOMS, AND IN THE MEANS OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
My Invention consists of an arrangement, as hereafter described, which shall give
or allow the required movement of the self-acting temples in looms, and by such
arrangement adapt themselves to the traverse of the material and prevent it from
returning after each "pick."
I provide two temple rollers, one of which may consist of either a taper or a
cylindrical form and with the necessary spikes or pins; a rotary motion is given
to one of the rollers. This motion is transiınitted thereto by a ratchet arrange-
ment. In order to take up the slack material as it is being woven I provide a
weight which is attached to a lever in connection with the ratchet arrangement,
and by means of a pawl which works from one end of the lever into a ratchet
wheel on one of the rollers causes it to revolve, carrying with it the material.
In order to prevent the material returning as it is being woven I provide a
check pawl, which prevents any back motion of the roller on which the ratchet is
placed. In order to bring back the ratchet lever into position for another stroke
thereof I attach it by suitable means to the "going part" of the loom.
By my improvements I dispense with the use of list hooks, also impart the
required lateral tension to the material being woven.
A SUBSTITUTE FOR ICE FOR SKATING THEREON WITH SKATES ORDINARILY USED FOR SKATING ON ICE, OR WITH OTHER SKATES, FOR SLIDING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johannes Avetician Calantarients at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1876.
JOHANNES AVETICIAN CALANTARIENTS, of Scarborough, in the County of York,
Bachelor of Medicine. "A SUBSTITUTE FOR ICE FOR SKATING THEREON WITH
SKATES ORDINARILY USED FOR SKATING ON ICE, OR WITH OTHER SKATES, FOR
SLIDING AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
As ice is a crystalline solid which retains that condition only at a low tempera-
ture, I propose to use for the above purposes crystalline solids other than ice, such
as any of the great variety of salts and crystalline substances, especially those con-
taining water of crystallization, which are solid at ordinary atmospheric tempera-
tures all the year round, but which melt at a moderately high temperature, and
when poured or laid on any suitable surface freeze and form a slippery skating
surface.
It is to a great extent a question of cost as to what substance should be used.
Practically I find that the commercial carbonate of soda in crystals is cheap and
answers the purpose admirably. I melt or otherwise reduce into a liquid the
crystalline solid and pour or lay it over any required surface in layers, allowing
the same to freeze or solidify until I obtain a sufficiently thick and smooth surface.
If not sufficiently smooth, I pass over it a hot plate of metal. When cut up by
skating I smooth it in like manner or by sweeping & washing, by scraping, or by
putting a fresh layer on. Any required amount of hardness can be attained by
driving away some of the water of crystallization or by adding some anhydrous salt.
To prevent efflorescence I rub the surface with a slightly oily cloth or slightly
moisten it with water or a hygroscopic substance, or keep the atmosphere charged
with moisture by means of fountains, plants, flowers, &c. Among a great many
substances available for this purpose I may mention phosphate, acetate, & tartrate
of soda, sulphate of magnesia, byposulphite of soda, tartaric acid, nitrates of potash
& soda, &c., separately or combined. If desirable elasticity may be secured by
laying the melted crystalline solid over a thin boarded floor or substance placed
over a level surface & resting on cords or pieces of india-rubber, springs, saw-
dust, curled hair, or other similar substance. Any desired colour may be given to
it. I claim to use it also for other purposes where diminution of friction is a
desideratum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINERY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1876.
THOMAS LEES, of 19, Salisbury St., Strand, London, and of Hollinwood, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINERY."
These improvements have for their object the application of an improved self-
acting feed motion for circular saws, and an improved self-acting arrangement for
keeping band saws in proper position on their pulleys while working.
This improved feed motion for circular saws consists in the application of a fluted
roller fixed in a recess in the saw table, and revolving as close as convenient to the
face of the circular saw but in a contrary direction, thereby carrying the timber to
be cut up to the face of the saw.
Another part of this Invention consists in a roller revolving on a stud for
applying pressure to the upper face of the timber while being cut by means of a
weighted lever.
The improved arrangement for keeping the band saw in position on the pulleys
while working consists in making the studs on which the band saw pulleys revolve
adjustable on the side by which the tension of the saw is regulated. By this
means the pulleys may be canted to the exact angle required for keeping the saw in
its proper place on the pulley while working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Baldwin John Knox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1876.
EDWARD BALDWIN JOHN KNOX, of 1, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF ROLLER SKATES."
This consists in a mechanical arrangement by means of which a skater or person
using it can by the inclination of the body at will whilst in motion upon the skate
obtain circular or curved motion or direction, so as to perform graceful "figures"
as upon blade skates upon the ice.
The mechanism is arranged in two groups similar in all respects, but reversed as
to position, one fixed under the heel and the other fixed under the tread of a foot
plate of wood or other material.
Each group consists of a pair of rollers revolving freely upon an axle. Upon the
centre of the axle and at right angles to it rests a bracket frame; this bracket
frame is constructed with a socket so as to work freely upon a pin passing through
it, which pin is secured to the axle. A guide bar having an eye at the centre
through which the centre pin above mentioned passes is adjusted upon the outer
ends of the axles, the hole in the guide bar being square or otherwise.
The bracket frame has a bearing at each end to receive a pin or axle, upon which
works a socket attached to a rocking plate, the rocking plate being secured to the
foot plate.
Two slot links or inclined planes are secured to the rocking plate, and work
upon the guide bar or axle, or inclined plane secured to the axle, so as to alter the
angle of the roller axle when the foot plate rotates upon its axis.
Two springs, spiral or otherwise, with slots for adjusting them, or with screw
adjustments, are secured to or upon the pin or axle of the rocking plate or other
convenient point, and to the foot plate or rocking plate, one at each side of the
vertical axle, to maintain the foot plate in a horizontal position when not depressed
at the will of the skater, or the springs may be placed in the slotted links.
The spring adjustments consist of a screw secured to the end of the spring with
a nut upon it, which nut presses against a plate through which the screw passes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUET FRAMES, LIQUOR FRAMES, SUGAR AND CREAM FRAMES, PICKLE FRAMES, AND BREAKFAST FRAMES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Cadby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1877
FREDERICK CADBY, of King's Heath, King's Norton, in the County of Wor-
cester, Manager of Glass Works "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUET FRAMES, LIQUOR
FRAMES, SUGAR AND CREAM FRAMES, PICKLE FRAMES, AND BREAKFAST FRAMES"
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in ciuet
frames, liquor fiames, sugar and cream fiames, pickle frames, and breakfast
frames
I make the base or stand of the cruet fiame or other frame mainly of glass, the
under or inner side of the said glass base or stand being silvered so as to convert it
into a reflecting surface I make the said base or stand of the frame by preference
of plate glass, and secure it in a plain or ornamental rim or ring, and I fix at the
back of the silvered glass base or stand a metal disc or plate for protecting the
silvered surface of the glass The back metallic plate described also serves to carry
the feet upon which the base or stand of the frame is supported
The silvered glass base o stand of the fiame, the back plate or disc, and the
metallic rim o ring may be secured together by cement or in any convenient way.
The upper or lower surface, or both the upper and lower surfaces of the glass base
or stand may either be plain or be ornamented by cutting or otherwise forming
thereon various ornamental devices, or the said surface or surfaces may be otherwise
ornamented
For the purpose of connecting the stem of the cluet or other frame to the glass
base or stand described I secure at the middle of the upper side of the said glass
base or stand an ornamental metallic socket having a screw on its under side, the
said screw passing through the glass base and metal back plate, and being fixed by
a screw nut screwed against the said back plate
The lower part of the stem of the cruet or other frame may be made of glass, the
said stem being fitted in the metallic socket of the glass base The upper part of
the said glass stem supports the rings in which the cruets or other bottles or vessels
Pouce 271

page_text: are held
of glass.
The part of the stem between the rings and the handle may also be mado
By making the base or stand of the cruet or other frame in the manner described
a very ornamental appearance is given to the frame. The base or stand does not
tarnish as a metallic base does, and is easily cleaned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Openshaw Taylor, of Marsden, in the County of
York, Engineer, and Smith Kenyon, of Holly Grove, Dobcross, in the said
County, and in the employment of the said Enoch Openshaw Taylor, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
aled the 15th February 1878, and dated the 7th November 187
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Openshaw Taylor and
Smith. Kenyon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th
November 1877.
ENOCH OPENSHAW TAYLOR, of Marsden, in the County of York, Engineer, and
SMITH KENYON, of Holly Grove, Dobcross, in the said County, and in the employ-
ment of the said Enoch Openshaw Taylor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
In looms with series of shuttle boxes in which the tappet motions for operating
the series of boxes, and the tappet motions for operating the pickers, are combined
or simultaneously operated, considerable inconvenience is experienced through the
actions of the picking motion in checking the shuttle taking place too soon, and the
object of the Invention is to remedy this evil by suspending or adjusting the
checking actions of the picking notions when desired. For this purpose the
actuating rod to the slide, by which the sliding of the bowl to or from position for
the desired action of the picking tappet is formed in two parts, connected by a spring
ID 11

page_text: connection, and a sprung lever stop or other suitable stop is actuated when desired
for a time to hold such slide, and the bowl moved thereby from being operated by
its tappet, and then to release such slide that the bowl may be operated by the
picking tappet as desired.
The stop is operated by pattern surface.
AN IMPROVED OMNIBUS REGISTER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Pottin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1877.
HENRY POTTIN, of Paris (France), Gentleman. 'AN IMPROVED OMNIBUS
REGISTER."
The improved omnibus register according to my Invention consists of a box
containing certain counters and bells with knobs or keys projecting from it
externally, which the conductor can press on receiving payment of a fare.
The counters and bells may be arranged to suit various scales of fares; but for
the purpose of explaining the construction and operation of the apparatus, I will
suppose that it is intended to register fares of one penny, two pence, and three
pence respectively. In that case I provide three sets of counters and bells, each set
being worked by a projecting knob. This knob when pressed inwards against a
spring moves a slide on which is a spring pawl gearing with a ratchet wheel that
works the counter. The slide has also on it a stud which works a hammer that on
the release of the knob is caused to strike a bell after the fare is registered.
For the penny fares there is a single bell; for the two-penny fares there may be
two bells of different notes, struck by two hammers successively; and for the three-
penny fares again a single bell may be used, struck successively by two or three
hammers, the studs on each of the slides being suitably arranged to release the
haimmers in succession.
The part of the box containing the counters is locked so that they are accessible
only to the official having the key, and part of the side of the box covering the
bells consists of a perforated plate or grating affording passage for the sound. The
box having its several counters set to zero is fixed in the vehicle near the door.
When a passenger pays his or her fare, the conductor presses one or other of the
knobs, which has the effect of registering the amount of fare, and at the same time
by the sound of the bell or bells, apprising the passenger that the amount is
registered. The official at stated times inspects the counters, and thus ascertains
the total amount of the fares received by the conductor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAMWAY CARS, THE SAME BEING IN PART APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Hermann Seligmann, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM TRAMWAY CARS, THE SAME BEING IN PART APPLICABLE FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 28th August 1877, and dated the 1st June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Hermann Seligmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1877.
ALFRED HERMANN SELIGMANN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAMWAY CARS, THE SAME BEING
IN PART APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in steam tramway cars has for its
object in the first place to enable liquid fuel to be substituted for solid fuel in the
boilers used for raising steam in such cars. This part of the Invention consists in
breaking up the liquid fuel into the form of spray by the inducing action of one or
more jets of steam or air.
In the case of using steam for breaking up the liquid fuel into spray, the heat of
the steam also has the effect of converting a portion of the fuel into the gaseous
condition.
A special feature of this part of the Invention consists in placing opposite the
jet or jets of steam or air a concave plate or plates, against which the jet or jets of
liquid fuel carried is projected, thereby strike, and this bas the effect of still further
breaking up the particles of liquid fuel. The fuel is supplied to the fire-box of the
boiler from a tank placed in any convenient position, and if placed sufficiently high
up in the tramway car the pressure due to the height of its own column is sufficient
to break the liquid up into spray, in which case the use of a jet or jets of air or steam
may be dispensed with. Cocks are provided for regulating the quantity of liquid
fuel from time to time, according to the amount of steam required to be produced,
Davies 9.71

page_text: and it is preferred to provide the boiler with a wick or its equivalent, through or
by which (it being saturated with petroleum or other oil) a small flame is always
kept burning in the fire-box, and the special purpose of which is to ignite the spray
or gaseous fuel, whenever it is or may be turned on.
The second part of the Invention consists in the employment of cold air to aid the
condensing action of water in the condensers of engines used to drive steam tramway
cars, and this part of the Invention may be used for other engines when there is not
room for a large condenser, and where the noise due to the presence of the exhaust
steam is objectionable. This part of the Invention consists in forcing cold air into
the condensing water, either with or independently of the exhaust steam, a partly
combined or mixed with the exhaust steam, and partly independently thereof.
The air is forced in by means of a blower, fan pump, or the equivalent thereof,
actuated from any convenient part of the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECOLORIZING AND COLORING PEARLS.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1877. A commu-
nication from abroad by Joseph Marie Clément, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DECOLORIZING AND COLORING PEARLS. [A
communication from 'abroad by Joseph Marie Clément, of Paris, France.]
This Invention consists in processes of decolorizing, and tinting, or coloring
yellow, white, or other pearls, to produce what are known as fancy pearls. After
having washed the pearls (which may be whole or sawn asunder) in alcohol, I
immerse them for two hours in a bath composed of,-
.50 parts.
Water
Bisulphite of soda
Tartaric acid
1 »
1 2 >>>
after which I dry them, and again wash them with alcohol, or with ether. I may also
employ bisulphite or hyposulphite of ammonia or lime, with the addition of an
organic acid, such as tartaric or oxalic acid; they are then placed in baths composed
with aniline salts or their derivatives, according to the tints it is desired to obtain,
or in solutions of carthamine, litmus, natural or artificial garancine, turmeric, indigo,
carmine, ingotine, nitrate of silver, and nitrate of uranium, chloride of gold,
nitrate and acetate of lead, sulphate and acetate of copper, citrate, acetate, and
sulphate of iron, to impart various tints or colors to the pearls.
These various solutions may be made either in water, alcohol, pyroligneous ether,
or sulphuric ether, according to circumstances.
The solutions of aniline derivatives are made either directly or indirectly by
various reactions on the different salts to produce different colors or shades. The
absorption of the color is effected either under atmospheric pressure, or preferably
in vacuo.
In the latter case, as a certain amount of heat is always necessary for
some colors, the receiver of the air pump provided with a tube, and a spiral of
platinum is passed into the capsule or vessel containing the pearls, and is traversed
by an electric current for the purpose of warming the liquid sufficiently to cause
the color to affix itself.

page_text: A vacuum should be made in the first instance of one or two centimetres, and
the cocks should be closed before passing the current through. The coloring being
effected to the desired degree, the pearls are washed either in water and alcohol, or
pure alcohol.
In order to imbue the pearls with certain colors by means of compression, I 5
employ tubes of great strength, provided with a connection and cock by which to
attach them to a Gay Lussac pump. I submit the liquid in these tubes to a pressure
of 8 to 30 atmospheres, according to the effect and the color it is desired to
obtain.
For toning I employ chromate and bichromate of potash, gallic, and pyro- 1
gallic acids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SILVER FROM COPPER PRECIPITATE."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Gaved Phillips, of No. 20, Canning Street,
Liverpool, Lancashire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING
SILVER FROM COPPER PRECIPITATE."
led the 25th January 1878, and dated the 24th October 187
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Gaved Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1877.
ARTHUR GAVED PHILLIPS, of No. 20, Canning Street, Liverpool, Lancashire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SILVER FROM COPPER PRECIPITATE.".
This Invention has for its object the extraction of silver from the copper pre-
cipitate produced in the process of extracting copper from cupreous ores by the
wet method, and may also be applied to other copper products of similar composition.
For this purpose the copper precipitate is mixed with common salt and an alkaline
carbonate or other alkali, and the mixture is moistened with sufficient water to
make a paste of the consistency of mortar by thoroughly mixing the whole in a
mill or otherwise. The paste-like mixture is then dried on a hot plate or in a stove,
and any lumps formed during the drying are broken down.
The dried mixture is roasted in a reverberatory or muffle furnace, and constantly
stirred until the whole of the copper has been converted into oxide, and the silver
into chloride. The alkaline carbonate or other alkali added decomposes any. volatile
salts of copper which may be present, and to a great extent prevents the volatilisation
of silver during the process of roasting.
The chloride of silver is extracted from the roasted mixture by lixiviation with
any suitable solvent, such as hot brine.
The use of water in the mixing process causes a more intimate contact between
the different ingredients, and facilitates the desired chemical changes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerald Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1877 A
communication from Julius Lowenshon, of Beilin, in the Empne of Germany
GERARD WENZISLAUS VON NAW ROCKI, of the Fum of J Blandt and G W
♥ Nawrocki, Civil Engineers and Patent Agents, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES" A communication fiom Julius Lowenshon, of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany aforesaid.
This Invention relates to an improved furniture castor, within a hollow case
made of any suitable form and material is placed a ball or other suitably shaped
runnet made of any convenient size and material, which thus forms a revolving foot
to the castor Such runner is held in position by a suitable 1ng, which is sciewed
on to the lower edge of the hollow case, such lower edge being tuined out semi-
spherically for that purpose
To facilitate the motion of the runner the space between it and the upper part of
the hollow case is filled with shot or other suitable smaller balls, which also rolling
thus diminish the friction of the runner itself Such hollow case is provided in its
upper part with a suitable wood screw to allow of its being fixed to the article of
furniture or other object to which it is desired to attach the same
The advantages of this improved construction of castor are that it allows of its
being firmly fastened, thus preventing its breaking off or becoming detached from
the foot of the article to which it is fixed, at the same time, that it can neither
become clogged or invisable from turning inwards or otherwise getting out of
position, as is now frequently the case
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TIN, TERNE, AND OTHER METAL PLATES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Hutchings and Thomas
John at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September
1877.
RICHARD JAMES HUTCHINGS and THOMAS JOHN, both of Treforest, in the County
of Glamorgan. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TIN, TERNE, AND
OTHER METAL PLATES."
In a suitable trough, box, or other receptacle, or several of such troughs, boxes,
or other receptacles, made of wood, iron, or other convenient material or materials,
we place bran, crushed lime, or a combination of same, or other material suitable
for cleaning tin plates, and into this receptacle or receptacles we introduce the
plates to be cleaned through apertures in the same, or by the top, or in any other
convenient way.
In the receptacles, or preferably just outside same, we provide
rollers, covered or not with rubber or other suitable material, wood rollers will
answer the purpose, having rings of rubber or other suitable material thereon, at
suitable distances apart, and just sufficiently far apart to grip the plate or plates
passing to the rollers. Beyond these latter rollers the plates aforesaid are guided
through guides or apertures into another box or receptacle also containing cleaning
material as before, such as bran, and this box or receptacle has a reciprocating
motion imparted to it by cams, cranks, or other mechanical equivalents, thereby
keeping the bran in motion, and thus continually cleaning the bran which comes in
contact with, or is presented to, the surfaces of the plates to be cleaned, which pass
through this reciprocating box. There may be only one or there may be several
reciprocating boxes, and we wish it to be distinctly understood that we do not
limit ourselves to the number of receptacles fitted as aforesaid.
When there are several reciprocating receptacles each must be provided with
suitable guides to receive the plates as they come from the preceding receptacle.
The plates after leaving the last reciprocating receptacle are passed between polishing
rollers for removing the dust.
Apertures or valves may be provided in the receptacles for the escape of cleaning
material, or for the supply of fresh, as may be required.

page_text: Sometimes instead of the boxes having a reciprocating motion imparted to them
the rollers may have the said reciprocating motion imparted to them, or in combina-
tion with reciprocating receptacles. When the rollers have a to-and-fro motion
alone the receptacles would be stationary.
The arrangements and apparatus before described may be used alone or in com-
bination wholly, or in part, with the arrangements and apparatus described in the
Specification of a Patent for cleaning plates granted to Richard James Hutchings,
one of the aforesaid Inventors, dated 12th June 1876, No. 2421.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WATER GAUGES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Owen Goddard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1877.
GEORGE OWEN GODDARD, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WATER GAUGES."
My Invention of improvements applicaale to water gauges relates more par-
ticularly to the water gauges which are adapted to steam boilers for the purpose of
indicating the level of the water therein.
The object of the Invention being to enable the gauge to be more clearly seen in
places where the light is defective, these gauges usually consist of a vertical glass
tube communicating at both ends with the internal capacity of the boiler, so that
the water in the latter has free access to the gauge tube on which it rises to the
height of the water in the boiler. This glass tube is mounted in a metal frame, open
at back and front, and sometimes on all sides, so that the glass tube may be seen.
As, however, boilers are frequently placed in situations where there is a deficiency
of light the level of the water cannot always be very clearly seen, and to remedy
this defect I adapt to the metal frame of the instrument a reflecting mirror which
is capable of receiving a pencil or ray of light from any source, and of reflecting it
on to the glass tube.
A convenient mode of adapting the reflecting mirror to the instrument is by
hinging it by one end to a spring clip which may be sprung on to any convenient
part of the metal frame so that it may be turned round horizontally in any direction,
and by means of the hinge joint may be inclined at any vertical angle to the glass
tube. From this it will be understood that at whatever angle a ray or pencil of
light from any source may be made to fall upon the surface of the mirror, the light may
(by turning the mirror in the required direction) be thrown or reflected on to the
glass gauge tube, so that by illuminating the latter the precise level of the water
therein may be clearly seen.
The metal frame in which the glass gauge tube is mounted may consist of two
cylindrical socket pieces in which the two ends of the gauge tube are properly
secured so that they will be steam and water tight. The lower of these socket
pieces is connected with the boiler below the water level, while the upper one is

page_text: connected with the boiler above the water level, so that when the water in the
boiler is at its proper level the lower half of the glass gauge tube will be filled with
water while the upper part will be filled with steam.
In order to protect the glass tube from injury the two socket pieces are usually
connected together by means of four vertical rods; the gauge tube will therefore
be open to view on all sides.
Sometimes it will be convenient to construct the frame in the form of a tube at
the back and front of which are made vertical slots, so that the glass gauge tube
may be exposed to view. When this form of frame is adopted
line the metal
frame with a coating of white enamel, or cement, or white paint, so that it will
reflect the light on to the gauge tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE, AND BLACK ASH AND ALKALINE CARBONATES, AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Riley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1877.
"
JOHN RILEY, of 5, South Crescent Chambers, Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT CAKE, AND BLACK ASH
AND ALKALINE CARBONATES, AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR."
1st. I make my furnace with two (or more) fires, one at each end, and the draft
hole leading to the chimney in the centre; I prefer to so construct it that it can be
rotated, and discharged, and recharged, like a revolver. In place of a damper in
the chimney I place it in front, shutting off the air from the grate, and thus allow
the smoke to go off the stuff and not incommode the operators as it does at present.
2nd. Continually reciprocating in this furnace on the flat or curved bed I place a
revolving rake, like a round harrow, and in each side of it, attached to the same
framework, a series of slicers or ploughs (preferably two on each side) to turn over
the stuff towards the rake. The frame is attached to long bars projecting through
the end or ends of the furnace, and can be made to run on wheels on plates or bars
in the furnace. The long bars are actuated reciprocally by link motion, crank,
rack and pinion, or otherwise. The rake or harrow can be turned by chain or
other gearing, or can be rotated automatically. (as it is drawn along) on the
principle of a windmill, the teeth being triangular in section, each with a sharp
edge facing in the same direction in the circle of rotation. The resistance being far
greater to the flat side than to the sharp edge, drawing it through the mass, forces
it to rotate.
When the conversion is accomplished the machinery is withdrawn from the
furnace; the latter is rotated and its contents discharged; it is then revolved back
under the charging spout, charged, and then placed in normal position with the
charging hole directly. below the chimney; the same hole being used for charging,
discharging, and vent for escaping gases.