IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR SECURING CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF APPAREL, AND FOR ATTACHING SUCH ARTICLES TO OTHER PARTS OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Russell Morris, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR
SECURING CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF APPAREL, AND FOR
ATTACHING SUCH ARTICLES TO OTHER PARTS OF WEARING APPAREL."
Sealed the 22nd January 1878, and dated the 23rd July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Russell Morris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1877.
"
EDWARD RUSSELL MORRIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR SECURING CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF APPAREL, AND FOR ATTACHING SUCH ARTICLES TO OTHER PARTS OF
WEARING APPAREL."
My Invention relates to the improved construction of studs, solitaires, or dress
fasteners, and the application to some of them of a separate part to be attached to
the sleeve or other convenient article of clothing, by which application or attach-
ment such dress fasteners are secured to the clothing, cuffs, wristbands, or article of
apparel.
My improved dress fasteners have secured to any suitable base a bracket formed
with arms, in which works a spindle or pin, one end of which has a knob or head.
Upon this spindle are mounted two pieces which may be of various forms or designs,
the arrangement resembling a hinge, of which the spindle is the centre pivot. These
hinged pieces or arms are flat excepting at the hinged ends, where they are formed
with a boss through which the spindle passes, or the metal is bent round the spindle
and has the appearance of a boss.
One of these bosses works loosely on the spindle, and a pin formed on or fixed to
the bracket working in a groove cut in the boss keeps the boss close against one
side of the bracket, and prevents its moving along or with the spindle. Close to
the loose boss and secured to the spindle is the boss of the other arm, a spiral or
other spring being interposed between it and the other side of the bracket and
tending to keep it close to the said loose boss. On the adjacent faces of the bosses

page_text: are formed ratches or projections, and corresponding cavities or notches in such
positions that the hinged pieces or arms will be locked when in certain positions.
The aforesaid knob on the spindle is situated outside the end of the bracket
adjacent to the loose boss. By pushing the said knob the aforesaid spring will be
compressed and the fixed boss will be pushed out of gear with the loose boss, and
the arms will be unlocked and can then be placed in any position. To use the
fasteners the arms are shut close against each other, and are then easily passed
through the button holes together with the bosses, spindle, and upper portion of the
bracket, after which the arms are opened until reaching their position they lock
themselves only to be unlocked by the pushing in of the spindle as before described,
or by other plans of less direct action, whereby the two bosses are forced out of
gear.
The hinged arms can be of various shapes, as, for example, they may resemble
the wings of birds, and of butterflies, the leaves of trees and of plants or flowers,
bivalvular shells, and books. These dress fasteners may be used with or without
the attachment to secure them to the clothing, and thereby to position the cuffs or
other articles they hold. I call the dress fasteners provided with the attachment
"cuff positioners."
The attachments may be variously designed, and consist of intermediate pieces
between the dress fasteners and the clothing, with pins, catches, or other means on
one side to secure them to the clothing, and so adapted on the other side as to
engage with or be secured to the dress fasteners, or to form parts of the dress
fasteners.
I will describe the form the attachment may take when applied to my improved
dress fasteners, though I wish it to be understood that this part of my Invention is
capable of being applied to other dress fasteners or solitaires, especially those having
a head capable of removal from the shank or stud, in which cases the action
necessary to release the head on one side from the shank might also at the same
time release the head on the other side from the clothing.
The attachment adapted for my improved dress fasteners has on one side a safety
or brooch pin, or other convenient catch, and on the other side an edge or rim bent
over so as to form a recess adapted to receive the ends of the hinged arms when
spread open. When in use the attachment is applied, say, for example, to the inside
of a coat sleeve in the desired position, and the dress fastener is passed through the
holes of the cuff, and the arms are opened to a convenient position, so that they
stand at about right angles to one another, in which position the bosses engage with
each other and retain that position by reason of a projection on one boss falling
into a cavity in the other, out of which it can slide when sufficient force is exerted.
The dress fastener is then placed underneath the attachment; to which a slight
pressure is applied, and the hinged arms open and lock themselves with their ends
secured in the recesses of the attachment. The arms are unlocked by pushing the
head or knob of the spindle, as herein-before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Russell Morris in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
January 1878.
EDWARD RUSSELL MORRIS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR SECURING CUFFS, WRISTBANDS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF APPAREL, AND FOR ATTACHING SUCH ARTICLES TO OTHER PARTS OF
WEARING APPAREL."
My Invention relates to the improved construction of studs, solitaires, or dress
fasteners, and the application to some of them of a separate part to be attached to
the sleeve or other convenient article of clothing, by which application or attach-
ment such dress fasteners are secured to the clothing, cuffs, wristbands, or articles of
apparel.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I have appended hereunto
a Sheet of Drawings made to a scale of about three times the actual linear dimensions,
and marked with letters of reference, to which Drawings I will now refer.
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent my improved fastener, having the arms closed
and ready for use. Fig. 10 is a sectional plan of Fig. 2, and Fig. 11 is a corresponding
plan of Fig. 3. Figs. 7 and 8 are plans of the arms, flaps, or wings represented in Figs.
2 and 3, the hinge portions being unfolded or extended in a straight line in order to
display more clearly the projections and recesses formed on such portions. Fig. 12
is plan of the fastener having the arms open, and indicates an ornamental design
in the formation of the said arms.
Fig. 5 is a view of a fastener in the second position, that is to say, in the position
as when ready for the application of the attachment.
Fig. 6 is a view of same fastener after the attachment has been applied, and Fig.
9 is a plan of the same. Fig. 13 is a view of an ordinary solitaire, with movable
head, made to answer the purpose of a cuff positioner by the application of means
to attach the moveable head to the dress or other article of clothing. In Figs. 1 to
12, both inclusive, a and b are two arms; c is a base plate; d is a bracket, and e is
a spindle which is mounted in holes in the said bracket.
-
The fastener, illustrated by Figs. 3, 4, 8, and 11, is similar in action, when in use,
to that illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 7, and 10, but parts for retaining the arms a and b
in the required positions are varied, firstly, as regards the means for locking the
arms in certain relative positions; and, secondly, as regards the means by which the
arms are prevented from falling together to either side when both are close each to
the other.
In the first place, referring to the example illustrated by Figs. 3, 4, 8, and 11, the
boss of the arm a is locked in certain desired positions relative to the arm b by
means of a tooth or projection f on the boss of the arm a falling into recesses
g, h, and i, formed in the boss of the arm b. A spring ; pushes the bosses together,.
and thereby tends to keep the arm a in gear with the arm b. The boss of the arm
a is fitted to be tight upon the spindle e, and, should it become loose, the desired
movement of the arm a out of gear with the arm 6 is assured when the spindle e is
pushed, by making the portion of the spindle e, which works easily through the boss
of the arm b, of a larger diameter and having a shoulder, the face of which works on
the face of the boss of the arm a.
Referring now to Figs. 1, 2, 7, and 10, the tooth f which locks the boss of the
arm a to the boss of the arm b, in place of being formed on the top of the arm a, is
formed on a bush or collar which is fixed or formed on the spindle e and works in.
a recess in the arm a, falling into recesses h and i in the arm b, yet not entirely.
leaving thie recess g in the arm (. A spring working in the boss of the arm a
presses against the face of the bush & and forces its tooth f into any recess on the,
top of the arm b that may at the moment be opposite to the recess g in which the said
tooth works. The shoulder of the spindle e works upon the face of the bush k to..

page_text: assure that the pushing of the spindle e shall push the tooth f entirely into the recess
g and out of the recesses h and i. The spindle e works loosely through the bosses
of the arms, and is, by preference, fixed in the bush k, but this is not absolutely.
necessary.
Secondly. Referring to Figs. 3, 4, 8, and 11, a bracket is secured to or formed
on the bracket d. Grooves m and n are formed in the bosses of the arins a and b,
and the two ends of the bracket enter the said grooves. When the two arms are
moved into the positions indicated in Fig. 1, the ends of the said grooves come in
contact with the ends of the bracket 1, the effect being that when the two arms are
locked together they are prevented from moving to any great extent either in one
direction or the other. One end of the bracket 7 will also keep the boss of the arm
b close to the bracket d, and will prevent its lateral movement when the spindle e is
pushed.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the same result is obtained by forming steps l' on the
bracket d, and corresponding steps on the end faces of the bosses of the arms a and
b, the positions of the latter steps being shewn by the full and dotted lines o and p
in Fig. 1, and also by the spaces shewn between the bosses of the arms a and b and
the ends of the bracket d, in Fig. 10, wherein the parts appear in the positions
assumed when the arms are extended in opposite directions.
Having indicated the variations in the parts for obtaining the similar movements
of the fasteners illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 7, and 10, and by Figs. 3, 4, 8, and 11, I
now refer to all those Figures.
In Figs. 1 to 4 the arms are closed or brought together, being then in what I
will call the first position. By separating the arms until they occupy the position
shewn in Fig. 5 the tooth f will be caused to fall into the recess h, the arms being
then in what I will call the second position. The recess h is so shaped as that upon
slight pressure the tooth f will slide out of the said recess, and when the arms are
still further separated or moved into the third position, indicated in Fig. 6, the
tooth f will fall into the recess i, and will lock the arms in that position. When so
locked the arms can only be released when the tooth f is moved out of the said
recess, which is effected by pushing the spindle e inwards. When the arms have
reached the first or closed position they become locked together by the tooth f
entering the recess g, and are prevented from moving to one side or the other by
the means herein-before indicated. When the arms are in the first position they
can readily be passed through the button holes, and on being separated into the
third position secure the fastener to the article of clothing. These fasteners can be
worn with or without the attachment, shewn in Figs. 6 and 9, which is designed to
secure the said fasteners to the clothing, and thereby to "position" the cuffs or other
articles they hold or fasten.
In Figs. 6 and 9 r is the attachment, having recesses formed on the under side to
receive the ends of the arms a and b, and having means on the upper side to secure
it to the sleeve or other article of clothing. In the example a pin s is employed as
the means for securing the attachment r to the clothing, but a great variety of
catches and pins might be used for the same purpose. To use the attachment the
fastener is closed and the arms are passed through the holes in the cuffs or article,
and the arms are then opened to the second position, shewn in Fig. 5. The attach-
ment is secured by the pin s to the inside of the sleeve, or to some other portion
of the clothing. The fastener is then brought under the attachment, with the ends
of the arms in position to enter the said recesses in the attachment, and a slight
pressure will force the arms into the position shewn in Fig. 6, thereby securing the
fastener which connects the end of the cuff to the sleeve or other portion of clothing.
By pressing in the spindle e the arms will be unlocked, and the attachment may
then be withdrawn and the fastener be removed from the cuff or article of clothing.
In Fig. 13 the head of a solitaire ?, which may be of an ordinary or suitable
construction, is adapted by the application of a pin 8 to be attached to the clothing,
as in the case of the said "attachment," though such arrangement has not all the
advantages of the fastener and attachment previously described. I call such

page_text: fasteners as are secured to the clothing by means of an intermediate piece or attach-
ment, or have formed on or attached to themselves means to secure themselves to
the clothing, "cuff positioners."
My fasteners may have ornamental shapes, and the arins may be so shaped that
they may resemble butterflies, as in Fig, 12, or leaves of trees and plants, flowers,
bivalvular shells, and books, and may be made to be used simply as fasteners; or
they may be made to be used with the attachment as cuff positioners; or they
may be so designed, as in Fig. 12, as to be servicable for either ornamental fasteners
or "cuff positioners" at the pleasure of the wearer.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention, and
methods whereby the same may be carried into effect, I would have it to be under-
stood in conclusion that I claim,―
First. The application of brooch pins or other suitable attachment appliances to
solitaires and other dress fasteners, to enable them to be secured to the sleeves or
other convenient portions of clothing, for the purpose of attaching and positioning
cuffs, wristbands, or other similar articles held by such fasteners to the sleeves or
other convenient portions of clothing.
Secondly. The application to dress fasteners of intermediate pieces or attach-
ments to secure such fasteners to the sleeves or other convenient portions of clothing,
for the purpose of attaching and positioning cuffs, wristbands, or other similar
articles held by such fasteners and attachments to the sleeves or other convenient
portions of clothing.
Thirdly. The attachment, shewn in Figs. 6 and 9, having recesses to receive the
ends of arms, wings, or flaps, substantially as and for the purposes set forth, and
indicated herein-before and in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The dress fasteners, formed and acting substantially as set forth and
indicated.
Fifthly. Dress fasteners formed with hinged or jointed flaps, wings, or arms,
which are arranged to lock together in certain required relative positions by means
of engaging teeth, keys, or projections, and notches or recesses, substantially as set
forth and indicated.
Sixthly. Dress fasteners formed with hinged or jointed locking flaps, wings, or
arms, arranged to be unlocked by means of a sliding spindle, substantially as set
forth and indicated.
And, lastly. The methods of and arrangements for restricting the movements of
the said hinged or jointed flaps, wings, or arms, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Russell Morris, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty--second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
TD RIISSELL MORRIS
T