IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING MALT. CORN, HOPS. AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bright, of the Old Foundry, Carmarthen,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING
MALT. CORN, HOPS. AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 12th July 1864, and dated the 23rd January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1864.
I, THOMAS BRIGHT, of the Old Foundry, Carmarthen, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS
FOR DRYING MALT, CORN, HOPS, AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore the kilns in general use admit of no air for dessication except
what passes through the fire-place, and reaches the floor of the kiln in cold
and unequal currents, thereby causing the vapour arising from the damp malt,
corn, hops, or other substance dessicating to condense and descend prejudicially
on the substance to be dried.
Now my Invention consists in combining apparatus as follows:-
Firstly, in fixing doors on the fire-place to regulate the quantity of air
required for combustion, the fire-place being on the ground floor or usual

page_text: place, with pipes or flues to carry away the smoke when bituminous coal is
used.
Secondly, in fixing a chamber made of cast iron, wrought iron, copper, or
other suitable materials over the fire with an opening above the fire-doors,
fitted with a slide to regulate the quantity of cold air admitted.
Thirdly, in making a chamber on the two sides and at the back of the
fire-place with connecting pipes to the chamber over the fire.
Fourthly, in making a flue from any convenient place to convey cold air to
the chamber round the fire-place.
Fifthly, in fixing slides or dampers in the flues to regulate the supply of air
to the chambers. When the slides or dampers are open, the cold air passes
into the chamber round the fire, and through the connecting pipes or flues
to the chamber over the fire.
The hot air generated in the chambers and pipes is dispersed through
openings in and under the covers of the chambers. The malt, corn, hops, or
other substance to be dried is put on a perforated kiln floor in the usual way.
The hot air thus generated passes up through the perforated floor, drying the
grain or other substance, and forcing out the vapour through the cowl or
cupola at the top of the kiln.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Bright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BRIGHT, of the Old Foundry, Carmarthen, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Bright, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Bright,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Bright, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KILNS AND APPARATUS FOR DRYING MALT, CORN, Hopa, AND CTHER VEGETABLE

page_text: SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Bright, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Bright, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
Heretofore the kilns in general use admit of no air for desiccation except
what passes through the fire-place and reaches the floor of the kiln in cold
and unequal currents, thereby causing the vapour arising from the damp malt,
corn, hops, or other substance desiccating to condense and descend prejudicially
on the substance to be dried.
Now my Invention consists in combining apparatus as follows:-
Firstly, in. fixing doors on the fire-place to regulate the quantity of air
required for combustion, the fire-place being on the ground floor or usual
place, with pipes or flues to carry away the smoke when bituminous coal is
used.
Secondly, in fixing a chamber made of cast iron, wrought iron, copper, or
other suitable materials over the fire with an opening above the fire-doors,
fitted with a slide to regulate the quantity of cold air admitted.
Thirdly, in making a chamber on the two sides and at the back of the
fire-place with connecting pipes to the chamber over the fire.
Fourthly, in making a flue from any convenient place to convey cold air to
the chamber round the fire-place.
Fifthly, in fixing slides or dampers in the flues to regulate the supply of
air to the chambers. When the slides or dampers are open, the cold air
passes into the chamber round the fire, and through the connecting pipes or
flues to the chamber over the fire.
The hot air generated in the chambers and pipes is dispersed through
openings in and under the covers of the chambers. The malt, corn, hops, or
other substance to be dried is put on a perforated kiln floor in the usual way.
The hot air thus generated passes up through the perforated floor, drying the
grain or other substance, and forcing out the vapour through the cowl or
cupola at the top of the kiln.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried

page_text: into effect, reference is given to the accompanying Drawings, and the figures
and letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
Figure 1 is a plan of cold air flues under the chambers; Figure 2, a plan
of chambers with covers removed; Figure 3, a plan showing top of slopes
and chambers; Figure 4, a plan showing grate bars and smoke pipes;
Figure 5, sectional elevation with side wall and slope removed; Figure 6,
elevation with front wall removed; Figure 7, cross sectional elevation;
Figure 8, transverse sectional elevation. The same letters of reference are
nsed on each of the Figures for the same part of the kiln, &c.
a, doors on fire-place; b, fire-place; c, grate bars; d, ash-pit; e, pipes of
smoke flues for bituminous coal; f, chimney stack; g, doors to open for
cleaning smo pipes or flues; h, grating on cold air flues; i, damper on cold
air flue to regulate the air admitted into the flue; j, cold air flue to chambers;
k, chamber on the sides and back of fire-place; l, doors on openings into
chamber round fire-place; m, chamber over the fire-place for generating hot
air, which passes through the openings in and under the covers in the direction
shown by the arrows to the space under the kiln floor; n, connecting pipes
from chamber k, at the sides and back of fire-place to the chamber m, over
the fire-place; o, opening over fire-doors to admit cold air into chamber m;.
p, slide to regulate the air admitted to chamber m; q, space for malt dust;
r, slopes under kiln floor; s, perforated kiln floor; t, window; u, cupola on
top of kiln for the discharge of the vapour arising from the goods drying;
v, door into bottom of kiln.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the details set forth, as the same may be considerably modified; I would
also remark that, although I have shown and described my various improve-
ments in kilns and apparatus for drying malt, corn, hops, and other vegetable
substances, &c., &c., as combined, they may each be used independently of
the other.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bright, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
:
THOMAS BRIGHT. (L.S.)