matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Lock Knobs and the like to their Spindles.
Year: 1885

page_text: Lock Knobs, and the like to their Spindles.
HUMPHREY FRED WALDRON 90 Winter St Sheffield Exporters Manager do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
ATTACHING DOOR KNOBS, LATCH KNOBS LOCK KNOBS AND THE LIKE TO THEIR
SPINDLES, to be as follows:-
:-
The spindle has a number of holes drilled through it & a hole is made through
both sides of the collar or neck of the knob, When the knob is placed on the
spindle the holes in the collar of the knob are placed precisely over one of the
holes in the spindle then a small hollow pin threaded inside put in & the whole
is bound most firmly & securely together by a screw being driven tightly into the
said hollow pin.
The pin & screw will be made in various shapes sizes & designs to suit the many
different kinds of knobs furniture &c.

page_text: Lock Knobs, and the like to their Spindles.
HUMPHREY FRED WALDRON 90 Winter St Sheffield Exporters manager do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
ATTACHING DOOR KNOBS, LATCH KNOBS, LOCK KNOBS & THE LIKE TO THEIR
SPINDLES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The spindle has a number of holes drilled through it and a hole is made through
both sides of the collar or neck of the knob. When the knob is placed on the
spindle the holes in the collar of the knob are placed precisely over one of the holes
in the spindle, then a small hollow pin threaded inside is put in and the whole is
bound most firmly and securely together by a screw being driven tightly into the
said hollow pin.
The pin and screw will be made in various shapes sizes and designs to suit the
many different kinds of knobs furniture &c.
In order that wy invention may be more perfectly understood and better carried
into practice I have attached hereunto a sheet of drawings which will serve to
illustrate the principle. Of course the details of construction and design may be
varied without departing from the main features which I will describe by reference
to the drawings.
Fig. I shows the knob and spindle in section also the pins for fixing the knob
and spindle together, A. is the knob, B the spindle, C the hollow pin having a
screw thread inside, and D the solid pin or screw having a corresponding thread on
the outside.
Fig. 2 is an elevation showing the knob & spindle fixed together by my
improved method.
Figs. 3 & 4 show the hollow pin and solid pin in different designs but I do not
limit myself to these or any other design.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
An improved method of attaching knobs to their spindles by means of a hollow
pin threaded inside and a screw to screw into the said hollow pin.
Dated this twenty fourth day of August One thousand eight hundred and
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CASTINGS OF SAUCEPANS AND OTHER HOLLOWARE
Year: 1885

page_text: I, FRED RYLAND of West Bromwich in the County of Stafford Ironfounder,..
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CASTINGS OF SAUCEPANS AND OTHER HOLLOWARE to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been the custom in casting holloware to pour the metal through
"gets" in the top of the mould so that it flows in to form the bottom of the article
and runs down from thence to form the sides.
My improvements consist in forming one or more gets down the side of the
mould and connecting them with the space between the moulding and the core at
the underside so that when the metal is poured in at the mouth of the "get" it
flows down into the space, between the mould and the core, and rises up to form
the sides and bottom of the casting. By this method of casting I obtain a much
cleaner casting free from all defects.
L
T1005
PAYNE & TALBOT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Casting of Saucepans and other Holloware.
I, FRED RYLAND of West Bromwich in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CASTING
OF SAUCEPANS AND OTHER HOLLOWARE and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My improvement consists in casting the Saucepan in a position reversed to the
usual plan and this I do by forming the "gets" in the sand space between the
body of the saucepan to be cast and the side of the moulds and then carrying
the gets into connection with the rim of the saucepan so that when the metal is
poured in at the mouth of the "get" it flows down into the space between the
mould and the core and rises up from the rim to form the sides and bottom of the
casting.
By this method of casting I obtain a much cleaner casting and freer from all
defects.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is
Casting Saucepans and other Holloware in a position reversed to the usual plan
substantially as herein set forth and specified.
L1000
IMPROVEMENTS ON FLAX SPINNING FRAMES AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1885

page_text: I WILLIAM JAMES ADELEY of 6 Thorndale Avenue in the County of Antrim in
Ireland Flax Mill Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS ON FLAX SPINNING FRAMES AND IN THE APPARATUS THEREFOR to
be as follows:-
I despense with the use of the skewer which holds rove bobbins in the creel, the
cup in bottom of creel, and the hole in top of it, as heretofore commonly used on
Spinning frames. In lieu thereof I employ a Cone in bottom of creel, and on top
of creel a spring with Cone attached to it, or I may employ a spring on bottom of
creel instead of top.-These springs with cones are cast onto a casting, or fastned,
or attached to a piece of metal or wood which runs along middle of creel.-Small
ends of Cones are pointing towards each other-These cones with spring hold rove
bobbin in its place allowing the rove to run off easily and facilitates changing of
same.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements on Flax Spinning Frames, and in the Apparatus
therefor.
I WILLIAM JAMES ADELEY of 6 Thorndale Avenue Belfast in the County of
Antrim in Ireland Flax Mill Manager do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for IMPROVEMENTS ON FLAX SPINNING FRAMES AND IN THE APPARATUS
THEREFOR, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
5
In that part of a Spinning frame technically called the "Creel" I dispense with
the Skewers as heretofore commonly used which holds the rove bobbins in their
places and in lieu thereof I employ a spring E attached to top of creel C with a
cone F attached to it, and a cone G fixed in creel board or bottom of creel H, with
the apex or small end of each cone pointing towards each other. The rove
bobbin D is placed between these cones F, G, the small ends of them fitting into
hole or bore of bobbin, allowing bobbin to revolve freely on them.
The spring or
springs keeps bobbin in its place and the arrangement enables worker to change
bobbins quickly when empty ones require to be replaced by full as shown in
accompanying drawings. Cones to be made of Iron, either malleable or cast, Steel 1
wood, Delf, or any composition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is,
1. Holding the bobbin in its place without a skewer by means of Cones and 2
spring or springs combined.
2. A Creel with Cones and Springs combined.
3. Cones of Delf, Composition, Iron, Steel, Wood, or any other substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PUDDLED IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1885

page_text: I JOB GILLIGAN of 20 Castle Street, Abertillery in the County of Monmouth,
Forge Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PUDDLED IRON AND STEEL to be as follows:-
My invention consists in the forcing of blast amongst the molten metal in the
puddling furnace and an improved construction of puddling furnace for effecting
the same.
The action of the blast upon the molten iron or steel is as is well known
one of purification and refinement, and by the use of a furnace constructed
according to my invention the process of refining and puddling may be carried
on simultaneously.
:
In carrying out my invention I construct a puddling furnace having one or
more holes in the breastplate, or in any other suitable part, such as the back
or sides, through which the blast is introduced to the molten metal, and thus
dispense with the use of ordinary tuyeres for conveying the same.
As soon as the iron or steel begins to sink to the bed of the furnace the blast is
shut off and the iron or steel is made into balls and removed from the furnace to
the hammer or squeezers as the case may be.
W. H. WHEATLEY & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, JOB GILLIGAN of 20 Castle Street, Abertillery, in the County of Monmouth,
Forge Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PUDDLED IRON AND STEEL and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My invention for improvements in the manufacture of puddled iron and steel
consists in submitting the molten metal in the puddling furnace to the action of a
blast of air.
The action of the blast upon the molten iron or steel, as is well known, purifies
and refines it and I construct my furnace in such manner that the process of
refining and puddling may be carried on simultaneously.
In carrying out my invention in practice, I construct a puddling furnace having
one or more holes in the breast or front or in any other suitable part such as the
back or sides through which the blast is introduced to the molten metal and I thus
dispense with the use of the ordinary tuyeres for conveying the same.
As soon as the iron or steel begins to sink to the bed of the furnace, the blast is
shut off and the iron or steel is made into balls and removed from the furnace to
the hammers or squeezers as the case may be.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1.. Simultaneously refining and puddling molten metal by submitting the said
metal to the action of a blast of air in a puddling furnace substantially as
described.
HOLDER FOR INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMP
Year: 1885

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, ACHILLES KHOTINSKY of N° 67 Maaskade, Rotterdam Holland, Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "HOLDER FOR INCANDESCENT
ELECTRIC LAMP" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to a holder for incandescent electric lamp with means of
opening and closing the circuit, constructed as I will describe referring to the
accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 is a plan of a
holder according to my invention, suited for a lamp the bulb of which has a
metallic casing A at its base. B is the holder made of wood, ebonite or other
non-conducting material. Its lower end terminates in a screwed stem C tapered
so that it can be screwed into an ordinary gas pipe instead of the usual burner;
or, the lower end of the holder may be tubular as indicated by the dotted lines D
so that it can be put on a burner or on a supporting stem. The interior of B is
hollowed to receive a metal nut E which is in metallic connection with one of the
wire terminals F. The other terminal G is in connection with a strip of metal H
which is let in edgeways into B. A screw K has a head L to which one of the
wires W from the carbon of the lamp is attached the other of these wires W₁ being
attached to the metal base A. The hollow in the base of the bulb is filled in with
non-conducting material which fixes the head of K in it. A ring M of non-
conducting material is fitted to turn round between the collar of B and the base A.
On this ring is fixed a metal spring N, one end of which n by its upwards spring
bears against A, the other end n turning down into a recess which as shewn in
Fig 2 extends from n' to H. The screw K being screwed into the nut E, the
lamp is held in position, and by turning the ring M about one quarter round so as
to bring n¹ close against H the circuit of the lamp is closed, there being now
passage for electricity by F, E, K, L, W and the carbon to W, A, n n¹ H and G.
To extinguish the lamp it is only necessary to turn M partly round so as to
separate n¹ from H, thereby opening the circuit. For a lamp the leading wires of
which are connected to hook wires W and W¹ as indicated in the section Fig 3 and
plan Fig 4, the circuit is opened in a similar way. The spring N is in this case
fixed on the under side of the ring M so as to rub against the top of the pin H
which extends up from the terminal G, and the and n¹ of the spring projects

page_text: upwards, so that, when the ring M is turned partly round, this end makes contact
with a blade P to which the wire W' is connected. The other wire W is connected
directly to the terminal F.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The construction of holder for incandescent electric lamp carrying a ring M
which can be turned partly round to open or close the circuit of the lamp,
substantially as described and illustrated by the drawings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING CASES FOR EGGS CHINA AND OTHER FRAGILE ARTICLES
Year: 1885

page_text: Fragile Articles.
0 :
I SIDNEY JOB POCOCK, of 8, South Lambeth Road, Vauxhall in the county
of Sussex, Milk Contractor do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING CASES FOR EGGS CHINA AND OTHER FRAGILE ARTICLES
to be as follows :→→
"
The packing case is fitted with two or more trays the frames of which are made
of wood.
९
i
I stretch across these frames two distinct layers of felt the lower layer is without
holes and is stretched tightly from side to side.
The upper layer of felt is placed at a suitable distance from the lower layer and
is likewise stretched from, side to side but instead of being in a perfect piece, is
pierced with X shaped holes or slots.
The object of these slots is that when an egg or piece of china or other fragile
article is placed over such an aperture it partly sinks into it.
"
0
0:.
The wooden frame of the tray is made to stand higher that the upper felt layer
as I intend the upper part of one frame to form the resting place of the next frame
above it.
The beight of the frame above the felt layer depends upon the size of the articles
intended to be packed.
r
0
0
i
When it is intended to pack a quantity of small articles in a large box, I fix
between the two layers of felt suitable stays of wood which pass from side to side
and from back to front of the wooden frame but not so as to touch the packed
articles but simply to support the upper felt layer.
с
J

page_text: layer of one frame and below the layer of the frame above it and the article being
held firmly between the layers do not move from the place where they have been
placed.
No hay straw or other loose material is necessary as is usually the case.
6
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) The method of packing. Eggs China or other fragile articles between layers
of felt, suitably fitted in wooden frames, where one or more of such layers is pierced
with cross shaped slits or holes in the manner herein before described.
(2.) The method of packing Eggs China or other fragile articles between layers
of felt suitably fitted in wooden frames, where one of such layers is made tɔ dip
between strips of wood in the manner herein before described.
(3.) The application of my invention to any article and in any way where
security of packing can be obtained by its application.
IMPROVED SWIVEL FOR WATCH GUARDS, ALBERTS AND OTHER CHAINS
Year: 1885

page_text: WILLIAM HENRY HEMMING & GEORGE HENRY HAZLEWOOD 60 Spencer St.
Birmingham Manufacturers of Swivels, Bolt Rings & do hereby declare the nature'
of the invention for AN IMPROVED SWIVEL FOR WATCH GUARDS, ALBERTS AND
OTHER CHAINS, to be as follows:-
The Swivel is made with a loop at the top to attach to Chain, and a hook at
the bottom to receive the Watch, The centre of Swivel is a Cylinder which is
forced down to the point of hook by a spiral spring round the stem of hook and
in the inner side of Cylinder.
To attach the Watch to hook take the Swivel by the loop in the left hand,
& holding the Watch in the right the Cylinder is raised with the Watch Bow,
& the Watch then slips into the Hook & is quite secure.
'

page_text: WILLIAM HENRY HEMMING & GEORGE HENRY HAZLEWOOD 60 Spencer St
Birmingham Manufacturers of Gold & Silver Swivels Bolt Rings & do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for AN IMPROVED SWIVEL FOR WATCH AND
OTHER CHAINS and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The Swivel is composed of 4 parts 1st a loop A 2nd hook B 3rd Cylinder C
4th spring D. The Cylinder is pierced through the bottom to fit loosely the
stem of hook, and the neck of Cylinder is drilled to fit the tube of loop. The
Spiral spring is made to act inside Cylinder and round the stem of hook.
The Cylinder is pressed by the spring on to the hook part of Swivel, & the
article is attached by raising the Cylinder which immediately drops down again
when loosed.
The hook B is made from solid wire and is grooved near the top of stem, & it is
then inserted into the tube part of loop A, and securely fastened to it by forcing a
groove round the tube part of loop A & into the groove of hook B.
The drawings show the swivel closed & with the Cylinder raised, & also the
sectional parts which are herein described.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The wire running from the top & completing in the form of a hook, & being
in one piece, and free from parts soldered together is therefore considerably
stronger than the ordinary kind of Swivel."
2. The ease with which articles can be attached and taken off.
3. Its simplicity, strength & security.
For Improvement in the Manufacture of Mens' Hats and Ladies' Hats or Bonnets.
Year: 1885

page_text: For Improvement in the Manufacture of Mens' Hats and Ladies'
Hats or Bonnets.
>
HENRY PITTMAN, Agent 1 Guildhall Chambers Basingball St London do hereby.
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A pattern radiating from the centre to the edge, in any mixture of colors printed
on, or woven, or knitted, or felted, on or in any material for making into Mans
Hats or Ladies Hats or Bonnets, either by itself or with any other material for a
foundation.
'

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
For Improvement in the Manufacture of Mens' Hats and Ladies'
Hats or Bonnets.
HENRY PITTMAN, Agent, 1 Guildhall Chambers Basinghall St London. I do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF MENS HATS AND LADIES HATS OR BONNETS, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
1st The making of hats or bonnets with a printed pattern, radiating from the
centre to the edge, on any material, pulled over or blocked on another material as
a foundation.
"
2nd The making of hats or bonnets with a printed pattern radiating from the
centre to the edge on any material & formed into a hat or bonnet without a
foundation.
3rd. A pattern radiating from the centre to the edge woven or knitted in any
material, pulled over or blocked on a foundation or without and made into a hat
or bonnet.
4th A pattern radiating from the centre to the edge woven or knitted in any
material and then felted, pulled over or blocked on a foundation or without and
made into a hat or bonnet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is as herein before stated in clauses 1. 2. 3 and 4 and are all new and 1
original by me.
Year: 1885

page_text: I JOSIAH REDDIE MARTIN MALLETT, of 4 City Buildings, Moor Lane, in the
City of London, Fine Art Publisher do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to construct rulers which can be firmly held, in
which the fingers or knuckles of the user do not get in the way of the pen or
pencil, which while having a roller to enable them to be readily shifted without
getting out of parallelism are not liable to roll off sloping desks, in which the
line of sight is more distinct and is more readily obtained than with round rulers
and in the use of which the paper is not liable to get smudged or blurred.
Figure 1 of the annexed drawings is an end view and Figure 2 a back view of a
ruler constructed according to my invention.
The lower face a of the ruler is preferably flat but this is not important when a
roller is used as in Figures 1 and 2. The ruling or front edge b is bevelled or
undercut and sufficiently deep-say one-third of an inch or more-to keep the
actual edge well raised from the paper. The upper face c of the ruler is by
preference also flat and at the back part of the same is a ledge or rib d which
stands up from the face. This ledge or rib is shown as extending the whole length
of the ruler and this I prefer but it may extend only part of the length; it forms
at front a rest for the fingers of the left hand and at back a rest for the thumb
while ruling or while adjusting the ruler the ledge being thus held between the
fingers and thumb; the back of the ruler should be hollowed or alightly concave
as seen at e. In the lower face a of the ruler is a longitudinal recess or groove f
in which is lodged a roller g that projects below the face a.
This roller enables the
ruler to be readily shifted up and down a book or sheet, when parallel lines have
to be ruled, without getting out of parallelism and owing to the small diameter of
the roller the ruler is not liable to roll off a sloping desk as it would be if a larger
roller were used. The ends of the roller are pivoted to plates h, h fixed to the
ruler ends or the roller may be otherwise secured in place. Instead of employing
one long roller as shown I can employ two or more short rollers, say, for example,
two rollers these being fitted respectively near the ends of the groove f. In some
cases I dispense with the roller g and then the ruler is of the form shown in
Figure 3. The upper face c of the ruler may be recessed at one or both ends or for

page_text: its whole length as indicated at i, Figure 3, to hold penholders or pencils; or in
lieu of or in addition to these recesses there may be a notched bracket or bar at
one or both ends of the ruler.
The improved rulers may be made of wood, ebonite, metal or other suitable
material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Constructing rulers substantially as herein before described and shown in the
annexed drawings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVE HOT-PLATES
Year: 1885

page_text: I, ROBERT ORMISTON PATERSON of the Gas Works Cheltenham, in the County
of Gloucester, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVE HOT-PLATES" and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
This invention has for its object the construction of gas stove hot-plates in such
a manner that while affording the maximum of convenience, economize both time
and the gas employed to such an extent as to make them greatly superior to any
previously used.
The ordinary gas stove hot-plate usually consists of a frame of cast iron to which
is attached from side to side a series of flat bars upon which the vessel to be heated
is placed. These bars however deflect the heat from the vessel and so render the
combustion of a large quantity of gas necessary to produce a given amount of
heat.
The present improvements consists in perforating the bars and so permitting
the gas flame and heat to circulate freely all round the bottom of the vessel.
In order that the invention may be more easily understood drawings are
attached hereto of which the following is a description. Fig. 1 represents in
perspective a plan of the hot-plate, A being the frame, with the bars B, having a
number of perforations O,-Each bar is fitted or dropped into a corresponding
recess D cast in each end of the frame A,-Or the bars may be cast with the frame
as seen in Fig. 2, but the previous arrangement is preferred. Figs. 3 and 4 are
longitudinal elevations of portions of bars drawn to the full size, with perforations
of different shapes. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the same. As the invention
does not depend upon the number of bars, their size, or their number, size or shape
of the perforations, these may be varied to suit particular requirements, but a con-
venient size for each bar is found to be of an inch deep by of an inch wide,
with perforations of an inch in depth and an inch in length. The bars may be
made of cast, wrought, or malleable iron.
By the use of hot plates constructed in this manner both time and gas are
greatly economized.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The construction of gas stove hot-plates with perforated bars as herein described
and shown on the drawings.
Dth 1N1OOK
Year: 1885

page_text: I, SAMUEL BROTHERTON SUTCLIFFE, of the firm of S. B. Sutcliffe & Co of
Sherborne Street, Strangeways, Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Tile
Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
The object of this invention is to construct a fender for a tile or other hearth
entirely of tile-work and as hereinafter described.
In performing my invention I take a number of tiles bevilled at their edges to
the desired angle and place the same with their faces downwards in a suitable
mould to form the shape, section and design of fender required-I then fill in the
mould at the back of the tiles with liquid cement and chippings of tile or pieces of
slate, metal or other suitable filling material and allow the cement to set hard.
I thus construct a fender which is effective in appearance and of sufficient strength
to resist all ordinary wear and tear.

page_text: Improvements in Fenders for Tile and other Hearths.
I, SAMUEL BROTHERTON SUTCLIFFE of the firm of S. B. Sutcliffe & Co. of
Sherbourne Street, Strangeways, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Tile
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of this invention is so to construct a fender for a tile or other hearth
entirely of tile work and as hereinafter described.
On the accompanying drawing Fig. 1. is a perspective view of a tile hearth
fender embracing my improvements and Fig. 2. is a cross section of Fig. 1. through
the line ab.
In performing my invention I take a number of tiles a. a. a. bevilled at their
edges to the desired angle and place the same with their faces downwards in a
suitable mould to form the shape, section and design of fender required. The
arrangement and bevilling of the tiles are more plainly seen in Fig. 2.
Having so arranged the tiles I then fill in the mould at the back of the tiles
with liquid cement b, and chippings of tile or pieces of slate metal or other
suitable filling material and allow the cement to set hard, when the whole becomes
concreted together. I thus construct a fender which is effective in appearance and
of sufficient strength to resist all ordinary wear and tear. In some cases and
where greater strength is desired I prefer to em-bed an iron stiffening bar c.
(see Fig. 2.) in the centre of the concrete and running from one extremity of the
fender to the other and to surround such rod with a coil of wire to ensure the
cement laying hold and to assist in binding the whole together.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
The improved construction of fender built up of tiles and concreted together all
in one piece substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated on the accom-
panying drawing.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS WHICH ARE THEREBY RENDERED POROUS OR CELLULAR
Year: 1885

page_text: rendered Porous or Cellular.
I DAVID CROSSLEY of Brighouse in the county of York Ventilating Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS WHICH ARE THEREBY RENDERED POROUS OR CELLULAR,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to construct porous or cellular bricks, which are
good nonconductors of heat, and at the same time being cheap and durable.
My improved bricks are made from clay, with sawdust, or wood turnings, spent
bark, or dyewoods coke dust or breeze, coaldust, waste household cinders, cork dust
or cuttings, peat, straw or litter, or other waste combustible material, with or
without silicate of soda, as may be required for toughening or binding the
materials.
The proportions varying according to the nature of the clay, and the quality of
brick required. It is chiefly intended for bricks used for the inside walls of
buildings, which I make preferably of about half clay, and half of sawdust, or
other suitable combustible material and mixed with silicate of soda, or other
equivalent substitute, which toughens, strengthens, and holds them together.
The inmaterials are pressed into moulds and, are burnt in kilns in the ordinary
way and either the wet or dry process may be used.
The combustible material is wholly or partly burnt which renders the bricks
porous, and celular, light and good nonconductors of heat, so that they can be used
for other purposes such as the lining of fire places, setting and covering steam
boilers, and other purposes; where a good nonconductor of heat is required. Slabs,
fire places, and other building material may be made porous and celular by the
material and process above described--and when moulded of very dry material may
be dipped in a solution of silicate of soda to bind them more effectually,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood
that I do not limit or confine myself to any proportionate admixture of the
ingredients named, but I declare that what I claim is
The construction of bricks and slabs composed partly. of fireclay, and partly of
sawdust, or other combustible material with or without the admixture of silicate
of soda or other equivalent substitute as and for the purposes before described.
Dated this Fichtoonth love of Tul. 100%
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax,
Agent for the Applicant.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MARKING, CUTTING AND MORTICE GAUGES
Year: 1885

page_text: Mortice Gauges.
I, JOSEPH MARPLES Dronfield Hill Top, Unstone in the county of Derby Joiners
Tool Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MARKING, CUTTING AND MORTICE GAUGES and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say: :-
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of carpenters gauges
known as marking, cutting and mortice gauges the object being to simplify the
process of manufacture, reduce the first cost, and to improve the article.
And in order that my invention may be clearly set forth, and fully understood,
I have annexed a sheet of drawings representing a gauge made according to my
invention, in which the same letters of reference indicate the same parts in any of
the figures in which they occur.
Fig. 1. represents a side view of a marking gauge made according to my
invention, with end of bar in "stem."
Fig. 2. Top of bar or stem, showing groove.
Fig. 3. Adjustable sliding head.
Figs 4 & 5. Modifications in the bar or stem.
Gauges of this description are usually made with the bar or "stem " as it is
technically called, of some irregular or regular form of section that will not turn
round in a correspondingly shaped hole in the head through which it is free to
slide, and such irregular or other shaped bars and corresponding holes require a
considerable amount of skill and time to produce them..
In carrying out my invention in the manufacture of a gauge as illustrated,
I make the wood stem A, round in its cross-section and parallel from end to end,
and I then cut the groove B, longitudinally from end to end; these two operations.
may be accomplished by the most simple tools, and by unskilled labour.
The sliding head C may be of any desired outside, configuration, such as that
shown, the hole D to receive the stem A being bored through the exact size,
requires no further fitting. The slot E is then made to admit the wedge F, the
width of the slot corresponding with the groove B in which the wedge F slides
and prevents the stem turning round.

page_text: I do not bind myself to the shape of the groove B, as for instance it may be
half round as in Fig. 4, or instead of a groove a flat as in Fig. 5, may be used.
I am aware that a cylindrical bar or stem has been used before in gauges but
such bars or stems have been tubular and metallic, and used in combination with
a screw motion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The improved construction of marking cutting, and mortice gauges, as
herein before described and illustrated.
"
2nd In the construction of marking, cutting, and mortice Gauges, the cylindrical
bar or stem A, the head C, having a hole D, to fit the stem, secured by a wedge F,
or its equivalent, substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated the 27th day of November 1885
ROBT F. DRURY,
Agent for the Applicant.
THE MORE EFFICIENTLY FASTENING THE FRAMES OF WRITING SLATES
Year: 1885

page_text: I CHRISTOPHER WREN JONES of Pwll Fanog Llanfairpwllgyngill in the County
of Anglesey Writing Slate Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "THE MORE EFFICIENTLY FASTENING THE FRAMES OF WRITING SLATES" to be
as follows:
This invention relates to an improved means of securing the frames of Writing
Slates, at their corners. For this purpose I make the wooden ends and sides of
the frame grooved in the ordinary way to receive the slate and mitred at the ends
to form the corners and I then make a saw cut in each end of each piece as shewn
in the accompanying drawing so that the four wooden pieces forming the frame
may be fastened together by means of four "L" pieces of metal which fill up the
saw cuts and are retained in position by two metal pins put through each
"L" piece as shewn in dotted lines in the drawing.
Dated this twenty seventh day of April One thousand eight hundred and

page_text: The more Efficiently Fastening the Frames of Writing Slates.
I CHRISTOPHER WREN JONES of Pwll Fanog Llanfair P. G. Anglesey Writing
Slate Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "THE MORE
EFFICIENTLY FASTENING THE FRAMES OF WRITING SLATES" and in what manner
the same is be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved means of securing the frames of Writing
Slates at their corners.
For this purpose I make the wooden ends and sides of the frame grooved in the
ordinary way to receive the slate and mitred at the ends to form the corners and
I then make a saw cut in each end of each piece as shewn in the drawing accom-
panying my provisional specification so that the four wooden pieces forming the
frame may be fastened together by means of four 1 pieces of metal which fill up
the saw cuts and are retained in position by two small metal pins put through
each piece as shewn in dotted lines in the drawing.
I am aware of the Patent granted to E. J. J. Dixon No 990 dated March 8th
1881 and I do not hereby claim anything covered by that Patent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The mode of fastening frames of Writing Slates by the insertion of bent
pieces of metal fitted into saw cuts at each corner of the frame substantially as
described.
DL
L
100P
Chairlegs and the like and to Flat Surfaces.
Year: 1885

page_text: Chairlegs and the like and to Flat Surfaces.
We, HORACE JAMES, of 103 Division St. Ironmonger, and GEORGE ROBINSON
of 47 Radford Place, Engineer, both of Sheffield in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR SECURING
BALL AND OTHER CASTORS TO CHAIRLEGS AND THE LIKE, AND TO FLAT SURFACES,"
to be as follows :-
We first fit to the article, a cup of metal, which we secure by means of a centre
screw, over the head of this screw we place, in the cup, a metal disc or washer.
The castor is made with a cup upon the inside of which is cut a female screw
thread terminating in an inside annular rim. We screw this castor upon the
outside of the cup, which is furnished with a male screwthread to correspond, until
the inside rim rests against the washer.
The pressure of the washer upon the screwhead, against which it is firmly held
by the castor, prevents it from working loose, and the inside rim of the castor
prevents its being screwed up too tight.
The top of the cup is furnished either with a socket or a flat surface, according
to the nature of the object it is attached to.
Upon ordinary castors we cut a screwthread round the top, immediately under
the rim, over the screwholes; after the castor is attached to the chairleg or other
article we screw a flat ring of metal, with an internal thread over the outside
of the castor socket, this covers the screwheads and holds them firmly in their
places.
HORACE JAMES.
GEORGE ROBINSON.
IMPROVEMENTS IN YIELDING COUPLINGS FOR ROTATING SHAFTS
Year: 1885

page_text: ACCESS..
We, JOHN RIGBY and JAMES RIGBY of the firm of W. and E. Rigby of Queen
Street Foundry, Bolton in the County of Lancaster Millwrights, Engineers, and
Ironfounders, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN YIELDING COUPLINGS FOR ROTATING SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the construction of a coupling for connecting two
rotating shafts in such a manner as to allow of yielding so as to reduce strain in
case of errors of level or allignment either vertically, horizontally, or otherwise,
which also fulfills the function of a universal joint employed in Mangles, Calenders,
and Finishing Machines wherein the bowls or rollers are subject to varying
positions and pressures.
On the end of each shaft, bowl or roller centre intended to be coupled we mount
a disc concentric with its respective shaft or centre. These discs are provided with
a claw or claws or clutch disposed crosswise to each other and coupled by an
intermediate piece of a corresponding diameter. This intermediate piece is
provided with slots disposed at right angles to each other and corresponding
with the claws or clutches on the discs secured to the ends of the shafts or centres,
which allows the said discs to slide in the direction demanded by their respective
shafts or centres.
The intermediate piece is held in position by the slots and claws or clutches
being placed at right angles to each other, which position also allows each disc
to maintain its concentricity with its shaft or centre, the variation of centres or
levels being compensated for by the sliding action allowed by the intermediate or
centre piece.
,
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Agent for Applicants.

page_text: Motion being thus communicated from one shaft to the other through the
sliding intermediate piece, there is a certain yield allowing for errors of level or
allignment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:—
The construction of yielding coupling for rotating shafts substantially as herein
described and illustrated by the drawings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, ADAM MILLAR of 176 Ingram Street Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Electrician do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS to be as follows:-
The purpose of the improvement is to obtain a high degree of flexibility in
insulated conductors of rectangular section.
In carrying out the invention, two or more ribbands of equal width, made of
copper or other suitable metal, are combined together to form a single conductor,
by being laid one above the other with their broad surfaces in contact with each
other, and then bound together by winding round them a narrow ribband of copper
or other metal.
The combined conductor is then covered with an insulating material in the same
manner as an ordinary solid conductor.
In some cases the narrow ribband binding the several broad ribbands together may
be omitted, as for instance when the insulating covering is formed by winding
cotton or linen tapes round the combined conductor.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Insulated Electric Conductors.
I, ADAM MILLAR of Number One hundred and seventy six Ingram Street,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of
my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATED ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The purpose of the improvements is to obtain a high degree of flexibility in
insulated conductors of rectangular section.
In carrying out the invention, two or more ribbands of equal width, made of
copper or other suitable metal, are combined together to form a single conductor, by
being laid one above the other with their broad surfaces in contact with each other,
and then bound together by winding round them a narrow ribbon of copper or
other metal.
The combined conductor is then covered with an insulating material in the same
manner as an ordinary solid conductor.
In some cases the narrow ribband binding the several broad ribbands together,
may be ommitted, as for instance, when the insulating covering is formed by winding
cotton or linen tapes round the combined conductor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
The method of forming insulated conductors by combining together two or
more ribbands of metal, and surrounding or enveloping the combined series of
ribbands with a covering of insulating materials, substantially as described:
Dated this 12th day of August 1886.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1885

page_text: I JOHN SAMUEL BOOTH of Castle Bank Mills Wakefield in the County of York,
Cloth Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES" and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My improvements are applicable more especially to steain boiler furnaces, but
may be also employed for other like furnaces, used for other purposes than for
generating Steam.
The object of the invention is to arrange the grate bars so that a greater area of
fire can be applied without necessarily increasing the diameter of the tubes or flues,
and without diminishing the area of the space below the grate bars, but otherwise
increasing such area.
For the above purpose of extending the area of the fire space, I arrange the fire
bars on their bearings constructed specially for the purpose, so that when in
position they assume an arched or zig-zag form, when of the arched form they may
either be curved or angular, and when of the zig-zag form, angular surfaces of grate
bars are continued across the flue or tube.
It will be clearly understood that by having the above forms or dispositions of
the grate bars, the fire can extend over a greater superficial area and be brought
closer to the tube plates or other surface to be heated, consequently greater heat
can be produced in the furnaces than when the grate bars are laid in the ordinary
way.
And in order that my invention may be more completely understood reference is
given to the accompanying drawings and to the letters and marks thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
9
A
with
sment
of

page_text: bars c, d, e and ƒ assume an arched or zig-zag form, such arch may be curved as.
shewn at Fig 1 or angular as shewn at Figs 2 and 3 or zig-zag as shewn at Fig 4.
It will be clearly understood that by having the above forms or dispositions of
the grate bars, the fire can extend over a greater superficial area, and be brought
closer to the tube plates or other surface to be heated, and this without reducing
the air admission space below the fire bars, but otherwise extending it, consequently
greater heat can be produced in the furnaces than when the grate bars are laid in
the ordinary way,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The mode of applying fire bars to boiler and other furnaces substantially as
herein set forth and shewn in the accompanying drawings.