Improvements in Apparatus for Copying or Enlarging Drawings or Designs.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Copying or Enlarging Drawings or
Designs.
I, AUGUSTE JOURDAN, of 15bis, Boulevard Saint-Denis, Paris, in the Republic
of France, Geometrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
This invention has for its object an improved apparatus for copying, or enlarg-
ing, drawings or designs, based upon the same principle as the well-known panto-
graph, and provided with a lens by which the lines of the drawing to be copied
can be seen and followed directly from above.
The improved apparatus consists of four branches or arms, two of which,
which may be called a and b, are of the same length, whilst of the other two,
which may be called c and d, one is about double the length of the other. The
two first are jointed together at one of their ends, a small support being arranged
under the point of junction to keep the apparatus at a uniform distance from the
paper.
The other two arms are also jointed together at one of their ends, a socket in
which the lens is fitted being arranged concentric with the point of junction.
A steel point is fixed close to the socket, its sharp end being turned down exactly
in the axis of the lens and of the joint, so that it can be seen through the lens
and easily made to follow every detail of the design to be copied.
At the end of the arm a furthest from the joint is a hole which receives a
screw by which the entire apparatus is fixed to a board carrying the design,
the point being, therefore, the pivot upon which the instrument turns. The
pencil by which the copy is made is fixed in the outer end of the other of the
first two arms, b.
The second pair of arms are pivotted to the first two at points which may be
varied according to the degree of enlargement required, for which purpose the
pivots which joint them to the first two arms, are made to slide in grooves so
that they can be adjusted to any desired position and there fixed by screws,
which hold the several arms firmly when they have once been adjusted. To
facilitate the adjustment, the several arms are properly graduated and numbered
upon their respective faces. For instance, if the pivots are adjusted and fixed
at the points numbered 2, the reproduction will be twice the size of the original;
if at 3, three times the size, and so on.
The apparatus being fixed, the pencil is held in the hand, and is moved about
so that the steel point, which the operator watches through the lens, follows
every detail of the design, which is reproduced by the pencil to the desired scale.
Dated this 5th day of September 1898.
EDWARDS AND Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: DIEUTICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Copying or Enlarging Drawings or
Designs.
I, AUGUSTE JOURDAN, of 9, Boulevard Saint-Germain, (late of 15bis, Boulevard
Saint-Denis), Paris, in the Republic of France, Geometrician, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described, and ascertained in and by the following statement,
and accompanying drawing, that is to say;-
This invention has for its object an improved apparatus for copying, or enlarg-
ing, drawings or designs, based upon the same principle as the well-known panto-
graph, and provided with a lens by which the lines of the drawings to be copied
are greatly enlarged and can be seen and followed directly from above.
The accompanying drawing is in illustration of my invention,
Figure 1 shows the apparatus in use; and
Figure 2 shows the same closed.
Figure 3 shows in section, on a larger scale, the lens and the guiding point.
The improved apparatus consists of four graduated branches or arms, two of
which, a and b, are of the same length, whilst of the other two, c and d, the
latter is considerably longer than the other c. The two first are jointed together
at e, a small support being arranged under the point of junction to keep the
apparatus at a uniform distance from the paper, on which the drawing is to be
made.
The other two arms c and d are also jointed together at one of their ends f,
a socket or frame in which the lens is fitted being arranged concentric with the
point of junction. A steel point is fixed close to the socket, its sharp end being
turned down exactly in the axis of the lens and of the joint, so that it can be
seen through the lens and easily made to follow every detail of the design to
be copied.
At the end of the arm a furthest from the joint is a hole g which receives a
screw by which the entire apparatus is fixed to a board carrying the drawing
or design, this point being, therefore, the pivot upon which the instrument turns.
The pencil by which the copy is made is fixed in a hole h in the outer end of
the other of the first two armis, b.
The four arms are graduated in suitable divisions. For instance, they may
be divided into centimetres numbered from 2 to 10; each centimetre being also
divided into millimetres, or, the arms may be graduated in any other desired
way.
The second pair of arms are pivotted to the first two at points which may be
varied according to the degree of enlargement required, for which purpose the
pivots which join them to the first two arms are carried by slides made to slide
in grooves in the arms, so that they can be adjusted to any desired position and
there fixed by screws, which hold the several arms sufficiently firmly when they
have been adjusted to the numbers indicating the proportion which is required
in the drawing to be reproduced. For instance, if the pivots are adjusted and
fixed at the points numbered, the reproduction will be twice the size of the
original (as illustrated in the drawing); if at 3, three times the size; if at 1,
four times the size; and so on.
The geometrical condition is that the three points g, f, and h shall always
be in a straight line, the arms forming a parallelogram under all circumstances,
the necessary positions of the pivots being altered to correspond with the deter-
mined scale upon the bar a, which is easily effected by means of the corre-
sponding graduations or marks upon the other three bars..

page_text: To use the apparatus, it is fixed upon the board at the point g, and the end
of the arm b is held by means of the pencil at h; and by then moving the arm 6
in different directions the movement is transmitted over the entire apparatus,
the operator being able to guide the steel tracing point over every part of the
original design, and to watch it carefully through the magnifying lens, whilst
the pencil reproduces upon the paper, to the desired scale, the movement of
the steel point.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
1. The apparatus for copying, or enlarging, drawings or designs, consisting
of four graduated arms, adjustably pivotted together where they cross each other,
by adjustable slides, two of which arms a and bare of equal length and are
jointed together at one of their ends at e, each being provided with a hole at the
other end, the hold y receiving a screw by which the apparatus is fixed in position.
and the hole h holding a pencil, the other two arms c and d being of unequal
length, and jointed together at f, a tracing point being carried coinciding with
the point f, and a magnifying lens by which the tracing point can be made to
pass exactly over the lines of the design or drawing to be copied, substantially
as described and illustrated.
Dated this 5th day of June 1800
EDWARDS AND CO.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.