Process and Appliances for Producing Peat Coke Cakes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process and Appliances for Producing Peat Coke Cakes.
1, EMANUEL STAUBER of 27, Schlump, Hamburg, Empire of Germany, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
The object of this invention is to produce from peat a relatively pure carbon,
serving as an advantageous fuel and of a shape that renders it easy of transport.
The improved process and appliances are in the main as follows:
The peat obtained by dredging is freed as much as possible from the water by
means of a countrifugal apparatus and brought into the drying furnaces, which are
in the main constructed as follows:
The furnace is preferably made from iron and supported by a base of masonry.
The masses to be dried are introduced at the top through a feeding funnel and the
dried material is discharged through an aperture at the bottom. A suitable number
of shafts for the admission of fresh air are provided in the lower portion of the
furnace. Heating pipes are arranged above said shafts and a flue at the top of
the furnace serves for the escape of steam and vapours, which flue may co-operate
with a ventilator.
The masses to be dried fall from the feeding funnel on a transport band which
runs over two rollers or drums and is set in slow rotation by an outward motor.
The transport band consists of two endless link chains arranged on both sides of
the rollers and connected by bolts with each other. On the chains are secured
iron angle plates so that each pair of links of the chains carries one angle plate.
From this chain band the masses fall at the end thereof on a sieve-like plate on
which they are shifted on by the vertical arms of the angle plates. At the end of
the perforated plate the material falls on a second transport band on which it is
again guided slowly through the furnace, when it falls on another perforated plate
and so forth according to requirement till it arrives in the discharge funnel.
The dried peat is brought by means of elevators into the cake press and is
mixed in the funnel of the latter by a convenient stirring device with a suitable
binding material which is enclosed in a receptacle arranged around the top portion
of the funnel and decreasing in width towards its bottom where the binding
material is discharged through a suitable number of apertures into the funnel.
The stiff dough produced by the admixture of binding material arrives from the
funnel in a broad flat passage which in descending from the funnel becomes
gradually horizontal and at the same time tapers in its height so that its inner
height at the discharge aperture is equal to the thickness of the cakes to be
produced. A suitable number of pairs of rollers slightly project from top and
bottom into the said passage. Each two rollers forming one pair revolve in
opposite directions. The doughy material in passing slowly through this channel
is distributed, kneaded, compressed and rolled out to the intended thickness. The
last pair of rollers shifts the mass between two shaping drums by which it is
pressed into cakes. The surface of these tangentially arranged drums is divided
by suitably shaped bars or bridges into flat boxes, the depth of which corresponds
to half the thickness of the cakes to be formed. The drums may be heated
during work by suitably arranged heating tubes. The flat boxes or moulds of the
drums are so placed that at the place of contact the boxes of the lower drum
coincide precisely with those of the upper drum. The cakes pressed between
the drums remain at first in the half moulds of the lower drum and descend,
prevented from falling out by a curved sheet arranged in the rear of the lower
drum, till they arrive at the lowest point of the latter and fall flatly and softly
out of their moulds. Hence the cakes are brought into the coking oven which

page_text: consists of a cylindric upright structure having a centrally arranged escape tube,
between which and the inner side of the side wall is provided a spiral slide for
descent made from fireproof clay material and terminating at the bottom over a
furnace with grate. Below the windings of the descent slide are provided radial
receiving channels which communicate inside with the escape tube and outside with
"closeable" air inlets provided in the masonry of the side. Spiral stairs are laid
around the outer wall of the structure from which stairs the slides of the air inlets
are accessible. The escape tube communicates at the bottom with a horizontal
channel.
The cakes to be coaked are lifted from the press by an elevator into a funnel
at the top of the coking oven, whence they fall on the fireproof descent slide on
which they slide down automatically by the filling in of new cakes. The coking
process is initiated by the furnace, while the air inlets are closed. As soon as the
fuel is in full glow, the door of the furnace is hermetically closed; the carburetted
hydrogen gases rise, are detained by the receiving channels mentioned above and
mingle with the air now admitted through the more or less opened inlets, the gases
being thereby ignited and continuing the coking process, while the products of
combustion are discharged through the escape tube into the atmosphere.
The
coked cakes are from time to time taken out through an opening provided near the
bottom of the oven. On the air inlets being closed the non-utilized gases can be
drawn by means of a ventilator into the horizontal channel mentioned above and
accumulated in the same. The heavier deposits for instance tar, are removed from
the channel while the volatile gases are returned to the oven through pipes for
further use.
The cakes leaving the oven can be employed directly after having been cooled.
Dated this 2nd day of May 1891
HUELSER & Co.,
Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process and Appliances for Producing Peat Coke Cakes.
I, EMANUEL STAUBER of 24 Schlump, Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
•
This invention for a process and appliances for producing peat coke cakes
has for its object to produce from peat a relatively pure and good carbon fuel of a
suitable shape for packing and transport and consists essentially in drying the peat
first if necessary by means of a centrifugal separator and afterwards in a drying
furnace through which the peat is fed continuously, in forming the dried peat into
brickquettes of a suitable shape in a brickquette machine to which the dried peat is
fed and where it is mixed with a suitable binding material and compressed and
divided into brickquettes, and in coking and the peat brickquettes in a coking
furnace down which the brickquettes feed automatically.
In the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings:-Fig. 1 is a sectional
elevation of a drying furnace, Fig. 2 is a vertical section of a brickquette machine
and Fig. 3 is a part elevation and part vertical section of a coking furnace, all
constructed according to this invention.
The peat to be worked is first dried as much as possible in a suitable centrifugal
drier and is then fed to the feeding shoot a at the top of the furnace, Fig. 1, which is
also provided at the bottom with a discharge shoot 6 air inlets c and heating tube d
and air and steam outlet e which can be connected to an exhaust fan if desired.
The material to be dried falls from the shoot a on to the endless band f¹ running
over the two cylinders g driven at a slow speed by any suitable means, and is
conveyed across the top of the furnace and falls on to the fixed and heated plate /¹

page_text: along which it is forced by the under side of the endless band f' so as to cross the
furnace in the opposite direction. The material falls from the plate on to a
second endless band or conveyer 2 similar to f' and from thence on to a second
plate and to a third band or conveyer f³ which carries it to the discharge shoot b.
The material is thus passed several times backwards and forwards through the
drying furnace and is thoroughly dried, and in falling from a band to a plate or
from a plate to a band it is thoroughly loosened, thus increasing the drying effect.
The endless belts or conveyers consist preferably of two endless chains h
situated one on either end of the cylinders g and connected by bolts i. The angle
plates are rigidly fixed to the links of the chains h.
The dried peat is carried from the drying furnace by elevators to the brickquette
machine, Fig. 2, where it is mixed in the hopper a with a suitable binding material
by means of a stirring mechanism. The binding material is contained in the
annular chamber c surrounding the hopper a and passes through the openings d into
the hopper and is mixed with the peat by the stirrer b. The paste mass passes from
the hopper a into the tapering spout e which gradually diminishes until at the exit
it corresponds with the size of a finished brickquette. The paste is forced along
the spout by the rolls ff, y g, hh and is forced by the last pair of rolls h
between the moulding cylinders ii which divide the compressed paste into brick-
quettes. The surfaces of the moulding cylinders are divided into flat compartments
corresponding to the shape of the brickquettes to be formed and are hollow and
may be heated inside. The guide plate k prevents the moulded brickquettes from
falling off the lower cylinder until they will fall clear of it at the point ².
The stirrer, rolls f, g, h and cylinders i are driven in any suitable manner.
The moulded brickquettes are next carried by an elevator F, Fig. 3, to the
coking furnace and delivered into the shoot E. The furnace consists of a round
fire proof structure A provided with a central flue B, and with a helical hearth C of
fire proof material surrounding the flue B and terminating over the grate d.
Radiating channels c formed in the underside of the hearth C communicate with
the flue Band with air inlet holes a at the outside of the furnace A. A spiral
staircase G is provided round the furnace A so that the valves or dampers in
connection with the inlet holes a can be readily manipulated. The flue B is
connected at the bottom with the channel H.
The brickquettes delivered by the elevator F into the shoot E fall by gravity
on to the hearth C and gradually slide down as fresh brickquettes are fed forward
by the elevator. During the first portion of the coking process the air holes a are
closed and as soon as the fire on the grate d is thoroughly alight, the fire door is
closed and the valves or dampers at a opened. The gases from the fire then rise
and mix with the air in the channels and are burnt and continue the coking
process. The products of combustion pass into the flue B and are carried away.
The brickquettes are removed through an opening or door at the bottom of the
furnace and when cool are ready for immediate use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process for producing peat coke cakes consisting essentially in first if
necessary drying the peat by means of a centriful separator and afterwards
completing the drying in a drying furnace through which the peat is fed con-
tinuously, in mixing the dried peat with a suitable binding material and forming it
into brickquettes of a suitable shape in a brickquette machine, and in coking the
brickquettes in a coking furnace, the whole substantially as described.
2. A drying furnace for drying peat for producing peat coke cakes provided
with conveyers and fixed plates by means of which the peat is traversed backwards
and forwards through the furnace and completely dried in a continuous manner, the
whole substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
3. A brickquette machine for formed peat into brickquettes consisting of a

page_text: mixing hopper where it is mixed with a binding material, of the tapering spout
and rolls where the peat is gradually compressed as it is forced forwards, and of
the moulding cylinders which divide the peat mass into cakes or brickquettes, the
whole substantially as described with reference to the drawings.
4. A coking furnace for coking peat brickquettes consisting of a furnace, of a
helical hearth in the furnace and down which the brickquettes slide during the
process of coking, and of the radiating air channels in the underside of the hearth
where the gases from the fire mix with the air and are burnt, the whole substantially
as described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 13th day of February 1892.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, Agents.