IMPROVEMENTS IN 'LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hodgson, of Thornton Road, Bradford,
in the County of York, and James Broadley, of Heaton, of the
said County, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 11th April 1871, and dated the 11th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hodgson and
James Broadley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th October 1870.
We, JOHN HODGSON, of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of
York, and JAMes Broadley, of Heaton, of the said County, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:—
The improvements in looms for weaving relate, first, to a picker guard
for staying the picker at the nib as well as at the body of it. For this
purpose a casting which receives the body of the picker during rest is
also formed to receive the nib, by this means the catching of the picker
on entering the box is prevented.

page_text: Second. There is applied to the end of the picker arm or picking
stick another spring arm jointed to admit of slight motion in either
direction, and to the outer end of this spring arm is attached
one end of a strap, the other end of which is attached to the
picker, by this means the catching of the picker by the shuttle
coming next into use or catching of the box in turning is prevented.
These improvements are applicable to rotary, oscillating, or sliding
boxes.
Thirdly. The improvements relate to, when using rotary shuttle
boxes, to means for effecting the skipping of chambers. For this
purpose we employ a compound lever and a double-nosed or nibbed
catch rod. The compound lever is formed by two levers, one of
which is considerably longer than the other, and is "broken backed "
or jointed, but held rigid for ordinary use by spring connection.
This lever at one end or part turns upon a fixed stud and at the
other end or another part of it carries upon a stud the second and
shorter or auxiliary lever. Both levers are actuated by a tappet,
but the action of the tappet on one causes greater motion than.
that on the other. The distance of motion of the shorter lever is
governed by a hoop or otherwise acted upon by a stop from the
longer lever. The double-nosed or nibbed rod is moved into position
so that one of its noses or nibs may be acted upon by one part of
the compound lever or so as to miss both by a jointed lever acted upon
by the pattern surface or by other suitable means. The double-nibbed
or nosed catch rods act on other levers, which by hookers or clawkers
give the desired motion to the boxes.
Fourthly. The improvements relate to pick and pick motions to
work odd or even picks, and relate to means for working the picking
tappets in and out of position for acting on the bowls or arms of
the picker axes. When using scrowls or surfaces with scrowl groves
in them to act on the picking tappets by sliding rods with forks,
by one arrangement a lever operated by the pattern surface acts
between two other levers which work the boxes by a hook directly
on studs in the side on the scrowl wheel. Accordingly this arrange-
ment can be worked at discretion to weave either odd or even picks, a
as by being connected to the sword it acts every time the loom beats,
and having a double tappet for cylinder and box it is applicable to
sliding, oscillating, and rotary boxes.

page_text: According to another arrangement the scrowl wheel is worked from
a "broken backed" lever in place of from the sword. There may
be either double or single catches. If double the scrowl may be
only half round,. as one catch pulls one way and the other the other
way,
if single catches, the scrowl will be complete all round. In.
place of scrowl wheels or cylinders a catch may be employed working
from the sword or slay to the box frame acting upon pins in a plate,
to which is attached a connection to the bar or rod that works the
picking tappets in and out of position for action, the catch is worked
in and out or left and right by a slot formed in a rod acting thereon
and which is acted upon by the pattern surface, or in place of a
slot working the catch on and off the different pins of the plate
that works the tappets in and out, a small lever, elbow-shaped, can
be had to work the catch in and out; this is surer and works more
effectually. In both cases the pattern surface regulates the working
of the catch.
.
Fifthly. Another part of the improvements relates to means for
operating loose reeds. The reeds are worked from the crank axis,.
upon which are placed discs or tappets with part of the surface cut
out or hollowed, so that in operating by a bowl or otherwise connections
to crescent or other suitable holding means to the reed the reed will.
be capable of escaping during the time the shuttle may be left in the
shed; this is to get the reed firmer in what are termed loose reed looms.
and to further prevent traps..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Hodgson and James Broadley in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 11th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HODGSON, of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of York, and
JAMES BROADLEY, of Heaton, of the said County, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Hodgson and James Broadley,

page_text: Her special licence that we, the said John Hodgson and James Broadley,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said John Hodgson and James Broadley, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Hodgson and James Broadley, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands or seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Hodgson and James
Broadley, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say :-
The improvements in looms for weaving, relate, first, to a picker guard
for staying the picker at the nib as well as at the body of it, for this
purpose a casting which receives the body of the picker during rest is
also formed to receive the nib, by this means the catching of the picker:
on entering the box is prevented.
Second. There is applied to the end of the picker arm or picking stick
another spring arm jointed to admit of slight motion in either direction,
and to the outer end of this spring arm is attached, one end of a strap
the other end of which is attached to the picker, by this means the a
catching of the picker by the shuttle coming next into use or catching
of the box in turning is prevented. These improvements are applicable
to rotary, oscillating, or sliding boxes.
Thirdly. The improvements relate when using rotary shuttle boxes
to means for effecting the skipping of chambers. For this purpose we a
employ a compound lever and a double nosed or nibbed catch rod. The
compound lever is formed by two levers, one of which is considerably
longer than the other, and is "broken-backed" or jointed, but held rigid

page_text: for ordinary use by spring connection. This lever at one end or part
turns upon a fixed stud and at the other end or another part of it carries
upon a stud the second and shorter or auxiliary lever. Both levers are
actuated by a tappet, but the action of the tappet on one causes greater
motion than that on the other. The distance of motion of the shorter
lever is governed by a hoop or otherwise acted upon by a stop from the
longer lever. The double-nosed or nibbed rod is moved into position so
that one of its noses or nibs may be acted upon by one part of the com-
pound lever or so as to miss both by a jointed lever acted upon by the
pattern surface, or by other suitable means. The double-nibbed or nose-
catch rods act on other levers, which by hookers or clawkers give the
desired motion to the boxes.
Fourthly. The improvements relate to pick and pick motions to work
odd or even picks, and relate to means for working the picking tappets
in and out of position for acting on the bowls or arms of the picker axes.
When using scrolls or surfaces with scroll grooves in them to act on the
picking tappets by sliding rods with forks, by one arrangement, a lever
operated by the pattern surface acts between two other levers which
works the boxes by a hook directly on studs in the side on the scroll
wheel. Accordingly, this arrangement can be worked at discretion to
weave either odd or even picks, as by being connected to the sword it
acts every time the loom beats, and having a double tappet for cylinder'
and box, it is applicable to sliding, oscillating, and rotary boxes.
According to another arrangement the scroll wheel is worked from
a "broken backed" lever in place of from the sword. There may be
either double or single catches. If double the scroll may be only
partly round as one catch pulls one way and the other the other way, if
single catches are used the scroll will be complete all round.
In place
of scroll wheels or cylinders, a catch may be employed working from the
sword or slay to the box frame acting upon pins in a plate to which is
attached a connection to the bar or rod that works the picking tappets
in and out of position for action. The catch is worked in and out or left
and right by a slot formed in a rod acting thereon, and which is acted
upon by the pattern surface, or in place of a slot working the catch
on and off the different pins of the plate that works the tappets in and
out, a small lever elbow-shaped may be employed to work the catch in
and out; this is surer and works more effectually. In both cases the
pattern surface regulates the working of the catch.

page_text: Figure 1 shows by a side view of parts of a loom the first part of my
improvements in operation; Figures 2, 3, and 4 show a plan, a side
view, and an end view of the guard separately on a larger scale. By
examining these Figures it will be seen that this guard in addition to
the fork or guide pieces a, a, which act on the sides of the body of the
picker 6 to steady it is also provided with the parts c, c, which are adapted
to receive the nib 6' of the picker and thereby keep that part also steady
when the picker is withdrawn from a shuttle chamber, and also to aid in
guiding it more correctly and steadily again into the shuttle chamber for
action upon the shuttle.
We will now describe the second part of our Invention. Figure 5
shows by a plan view a portion of a picker arm with a spring arm applied
to it by being jointed thereto according to this part of the Invention;
Figure 6 is a sectional side view of the same. This part of the Invention
is also shown on a smaller scale applied at Figure 1. z is the picker
arm; d is the spring arm the outer end of which is formed with a loop d¹
to receive one end of a strap d², the other end of which is connected
to the picker 6 for the purpose of preventing its rebounding back
into the shuttle chamber after it has been withdrawn therefrom. In
carrying out this part of our improvements we form the end of the
spring d next the picker arm with a jointed connection d³ to admit
of a slight play to the parts, and which we have found beneficial in
working.
We will now describe the third part of our improvements which is
shown applied to a portion of the end framing of a loom at Figure 7,

page_text: The
The lever / is also
e being the crank, and ƒ the tappet shafts; g and h are the two
parts of the compound lever (a separate plan view of which is shown
at Figure 8), and it will be seen that the portion g thereof is capable
of turning upon a fixed stud g' carried by the main framing and
near its other end, this lever g has applied to it a stud 92 which serves
as a fulcrum upon which one end of the other lever h is capable of
turning. The lever 9 is formed with a joint g³ and holding spring g*
so as to admit of its yielding without breaking in the event of any
undue pressure being exerted upon it, such form of lever is now com-
monly called "broken backed." This lever g also carries a bowl g³
to run upon the tappet 98 by which the lever g is actuated.
end h¹ of the lever / simply rests on the boss of the tappet g* though it
might also be operated by another tappet if desired to give to it motion
by that means. The outer end g² of the lever g is formed with a V, g',
adapted to receive and lift a catch brought on to it.
formed with a V, h³, to receive and lift a catch brought on to it. As the
outer end g of the lever g is raised by the action thereon of the tappet 9*
the one end g³ of the lever h will also be raised, and by this compound
action both V's, 97, and h³, will be raised, but it will be evident that
the V, g', will be raised higher than the V, h³, so as to effect a difference
in the extent of lift to catches brought on to one or the other of these
V's as shown; i is a lifting rod which is formed with double noses or
nibs at the upper end of it, whilst the lower end thereof is connected
by pin joint at to the one end of the lever j. The lever j is supported
to turn upon the fixed stud j³, and at its other end it is connected by pin
joint to the rods j³, j³, which operate the shuttle boxes. The double-
nosed or nibbed end of the rod i is borne with one of its noses i¹ towards
the V, g', by the spring and it is capable of being moved by a stud k¹
from a lever k so as to bring the other of its noses or nibs ¹ over the
V, h, or it might be held by that lever k so that its nibs or noses i¹ may
be both missed by both of those V's, 97, and h³, and in order that the
lever may be capable of moving the upper end of this rod i into these
latter positions, it is provided with two pegs ² of different lengths,
either of which may be acted upon by blanks in cards carried by the
cylinder 1, or the lever k may be acted upon by other suitable pattern
surface. The distance of motion of the lever is governed by the
hook, embracing the stop 9 projecting from the outer end of the
lever g

page_text: We will now describe the fourth part of our improvements; Figure 9
shows parts of the end view, and Figure 10 a portion of the back view
of a loom with adaptations thereto according to his head of the In-
vention; Figure 11 shews by a plan view some of the parts separately.
In these Figures, m shows one of the picking axes, and m³ the cone or
bowl of the arm thereof; n is the picking tappet for acting on such cone,
and in order that this tappet may be capable at one time of operating on
the cone, and at another time of missing it, it is capable of sliding on
the tappet shaft f, and it is provided with pins n', which by sliding in
holes provided for them in the disc n* which is affixed to the shaft fi
controls the tappets n, at all times to rotate with the shaft f, although
they may not always be in position to operate on their picker cones n'.
The boss n of each of the picking tappets n is formed with a neck to
receive a fork from an arm n³, applied to the sliding rod n* which is
supported so as to be capable of sliding endways in stationary bearings J
from the main framing of the loom, and this rod n' also carries a stud
n³ which projects into the scroll groove n° formed for it in the scroll
wheel or cylinder n³. This movement, however, separately considered
forms no part of the present improvements.
According to the arrangement now under description for effecting the 2
present improvements the desired rotary step-by-step motion is given to
the scroll wheel or cylinder n by means of the clawker o, which at one
end turns upon a stud o¹ carried by the lay sword, and at the other end is
formed with a hook o to catch on to the studs n of the scroll wheel or
cylinder n', and unless the action of this clawker were interfered with 2
the scroll wheel or cylinder n' would receive a partial rotation at each
forward movement of the batten: This interference with the action of
the clawker o on the studs n³ of the cylinder n' is obtained by means of
the lever p, one end p¹ of which comes under the clawker o whilst the
other end turns upon a fixed stud p² carried by a projection from the 3
main framing. The lifting of this lever p and of the clawker o is effected
by the rod p³, the lower end of which is by pin joint connected to the
lever p, whilst the upper end of it is by pin joint capable of adjustment
connected to a lever p', which turns upon a stud p³ projecting from the
main framing, and carries a pin pº, by which it may be lifted by blanks 3
in cards carried by the card cylinder p³, or it may be operated by other
suitable pattern surface.

page_text: Figures 12 and 13 show an end view and back view of parts of a loom.
with a modification of this part of the Invention applied to it. In this
case the clawker o is hung from a pin g¹ projecting from a
"broken
backed" lever q, and the movement of the clawker o so that its hooked
end may act on or miss the studs n³ of a disc n' applied to the axes of the
cylinder n' is governed by a lever which is capable of turning on the
fixed stud r, and is operated by cards on the jacquard cylinder p', or
by other suitable pattern surface. The lever g is capable of turning upon
the fixed stud q², carried by the main framing, whilst the outer end q³
is guided by moving in the vertical slot formed for it in the plate q*,
affixed to a standard q³ from the main framing. In place of using a
cylinder with a scroll groove all round it, as shown by these last Figures,
we sometimes employ a scroll continuing only partly round the segment
of a cylinder when instead of a rotary a rocking motion will be required.
An arrangement of parts by which this may be effected is shown applied
by the back and end view of a portion of a loom at Figures 14 and 15;
8, in these Figures is a pendant rod which is formed at 8', with a double
nose or double catch. This rod is suspended from a stud 8³ carried by a
lever q, so that its lower end s¹ may be brought into position to catch
on to either or to miss both of the studs n³ projecting from the plate nº,
affixed to the axis n¹º of the scroll wheel n", which in this case has its
scroll n for operating on the stud n³, formed only partly round it. The
arms is actuated by studs 83 projecting from the end of the lever s*,
which turns upon the fixed pin 8, and at its other end carries pins of
different lengths to be operated by the card cylinder p'.
Figures 16 and 17 shew portions of the back and end framing of a
loom with another method of operating to produce the changes for pick
and pick applied thereto.
Figures 18 and 19 show parts in detail. In this case a rod t is
employed, one end of which is by pin joint t connected to the lay sword,
whilst the other end of it is formed with a double catch t, which is
capable of acting on one or other of the pins 3 standing up from the
plate which is capable of rotating or rocking on the centre t, and
carries another pin t to receive one end of the link t, the other
end of which is connected by pin joint to the sliding rod n*, which
by its forked arms effects the desired movement to the picker tappets.
The outer end of this rod t passes into an angular slot to formed in the

page_text: rod which is guided at its lower end by passing through the guide
plate to, and at its upper end is suspended by pin joint from the lever u,
and this lever u is operated by the jacquard or it may be by other
pattern surface. By thus raising or lowering the rod t with its inclined
groove on the outer end of the rod t, the catches 2 of the rod t may
be shifted to act on either of the studs &, or in place of employing the
inclined groove of this rod t, for the purpose of shifting the position
of the hooks or catches of the rod t in relation to the studs 3 a small
lever, elbow-shaped, may be employed for this purpose, as shown by
Figure 20, where v is the elbow lever which is supported to turn upon
a fixed stud v supported by the main framing, and is formed at one end
with a slotted opening v³, to embrace the end of the rod t, whilst the
other end of it is by a connecting rod v³ connected to a lever u, or other
suitable connection operated by the jacquard or pattern surface.
We will now describe the fifth part of this Invention which is shown
applied by plan view and two sectional views at Figures 21, 22, and 23.
Upon the crank axis A of the loom are applied the discs or tappets B,
with segments cut therefrom at B'; C are crescent formed holding
pieces, which may be of other form adapted by turning on centres or
otherwise to hold the underside of the loose reed D in position for the
beat up. At such time the parts will be in the position indicated by
Figures 21 and 22, when the holding of the parts C in position firmly
to hold the reed for beating up will be effected by means of the rods E,
which are supported to slide in the guide pieces F, F, and bear at one
cnd against the pieces C, and at the other end carry the bowls E', which
rest against the segments or tappets B. Figure 23 shows the parts in
the position when in the revolution of the crank shaft the tappets B
are brought with the parts B¹ thereof opposite the bowls E, and the reed
is free.
Having thus described our improvements and means which we adopt
in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we
do not confine ourselves to the precise arrangements of parts shown and
described, as these may be varied without departing from the peculiar
character of our improvements, but what we claim is,-
First. The arranging picker guards to steady the action of the pickers
by forming them to act on the nibs as well as on the bodies of the pickers,
substantially as described.

page_text: Secondly. We claim the employment of a spring arm with a joint to
admit of slight play thereto, substantially as described in respect of this
part of the Invention.
Thirdly. We claim the means of actuating rotary shuttle boxes,
substantially as described in respect of this third part of the im-
provements.
Fourthly. We claim the adaptations or combinations of means for
effecting changes in the order of picking, substantially as described under
this head of the Invention.
And, fifthly. We claim the method of operating for the holding of
loose reeds, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Hodgson and James Broadley,
have hereunto set our bands and scals, this Fourth day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
J. HODGSON.
(L.S.)
JAMES BROADLEY. (L.S.)