IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING OPENINGS OR PASSAGES FOR THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Giles Henwood, India-rubber, Gutta-percha, and
Steam Packing Manufacturer, and James Henry Chapman, Mechanical
Engineer, both of 28, Budge Row, in the City of London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING
OPENINGS OR PASSAGES FOR THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
Sealed the 27th February 1880, and dated the 22nd October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Giles Henwood and
James Henry Chapman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
22nd October 1879.
FRANCIS GILES HENWOOD, India-rubber, Gutta-percha, and Steam-packing
Manufacturer, and JAMES HENRY CHAPMAN, Mechanical Engineer, both of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND
28, Budge Row, in the City of London.
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING OPENINGS OR PASSAGES FOR THE FLOW or
LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
This Invention relates to that class of apparatus used in controlling the openings
or passages through which liquids or fluids pass, and which act in opening and
closing such passage or passages by rising off and falling on to the seating opening
passage or part through which the liquid or fluid passes, and has for its object the
prevention, or at least the diminution, of the injury caused to the same, especially
in the case of their being formed of flexible inaterial by the constant impact when
in use of the same part of the moving portion on the same part of the fixed portion
or seating, whereby the ill effects of the continued shocks or impact are concen-
trated in one or the same place until they or it cause or causes such damage as
either totally prevents the proper action, or at least seriously impairs it, and these
ill effects too frequently shew themselves at the very time when it is of the greatest
importance that no failure or impaired working should take place.
In carrying out our Invention we arrange the moving part, controlling and
opening or closing the outlet, inlet, or passage so as to be retained in its position by
a spindle or spindles, guide or guides, on, against, or within which it rises and falls
to the amount or extent desired or preferred, and in order that during its rising or

page_text: .
falling or both it may be prevented from having the same part coming in contact
again with the same part of the fixed seating or portion, or other part or parts with
which it comes in contact, we cause it to rotate or partially rotate or shift, on,
against, or in its spindle or spindles, guide or guides, so as to present a fresh portion
or surface to the fixed seating portion or other part or parts with which it comes in
contact when in operation, and thus prevent or at least reduce the ill effects caused
by the constant shocks or impact of the same part of the moveable portion on the
same part of the fixed seating, or part or portion, which soon cause the breakage or
an impaired action of the moving part.'
To obtain this result we either perforate the moving part within and around its
edges where there is sufficient lap or space to allow it with one or more inclined holes
or openings or form indentations, likewise inclined on the exterior edges, or use both
in combination so that when the moving portion is in operation the friction of the
liquid or fluid in passing, or the resistance of the moving part to the same, shall, by
means of these inclined holes or openings, or by means of the inclined indented edges
or both, cause the moving part to rotate or partially rotate, or shift its position, so
that on opening or closing the same portion of the moving part of the fixed seating
shall not come in contact with the same part of the fixed seating or other portion,
and so prevent or diminish the damage caused by the impact or batter of the
moving part on the fixed seating or other part or portion with which it comes in
contact, occurring continually in the same place.
In those cases where the moving part is made of a flexible material, such as
canvas, india rubber, or the two combined, or built up of other flexible materials
in combination, the canvas, kamptulicon, woven or split cane work or whale-bone,
or other flexible material or materials, may be placed in a layer or layers alternately
with some suitable adhesive material such as india rubber until nearly the required
thickness is reached, when the whole may be completely covered with or enveloped
in the india rubber so as to prevent access of the liquid or fluid to the canvas or
other flexible material or materials, or combination of the same, and the inclined
openings or indented edge may be formed through the whole of the materials
composing the moving part, and where the flexible material is exposed the same
may be covered with india-rubber, or openings may be formed in the canvas or
other flexible material before forming the moving part, and it may then be put
together so as to form the inclined openings, and the inclined openings lined so as
to keep the liquid or fluid from the flexible material. In the case of the indented
edge the canvas or flexible material may be kept sufficiently far from the edge to
enable the indentations to be formed in the rubber without exposing the canvas
or flexible material.
When such moving parts as have just been described are put together we insert
a metal lining in the hole or part which slides on the spindle, or we may use
ebonite, vulcanite, or hard rubber, or other suitable material to take the wear, and
this lining may be arranged so as to be readily removed and replaced, and be made
capable of being adjusted so as to grip or hold fast, or be attached to the material
forming the moving part. In the case of the moving part being formed entirely or
chiefly of india rubber the inclined openings or indented edges may be moulded or
cut in it as desired or preferred, and a metal, hard rubber, ebonite, vulcanite, or
other part applied as hereinbefore described. In the case of the moving part being
formed of metal the inclined openings or indented edge may be moulded or cut
or otherwise conveniently formed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Francis Giles Henwood and James Henry Chapman in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 22nd April 1880.
ss
FRANCIS GILES HENWOOD, India-rubber, Gutta-percha, and Steam-packing
Manufacturer, and JAMES HENRY CHAPMAN, Mechanical Engineer, both of
28, Budge Row, in the City of London. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND
ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONTROLLING OPENINGS OR PASSAGES FOR THE FLOW OF
LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
This Invention relates to that class of apparatus and arrangements used in
controlling the openings or passages through which liquids or fluids pass, and which
act in opening and closing such passage or passages by rising off and falling on to
or against the seating, opening, passage or part through which the liquid or fluid
passes, and has for its object the prevention, or at least the diminution of the
injury caused to the same, especially in the case of their being formed of flexible
material, by the constant impact when in use of the same part of the moving
portion on the same part of the fixed portion or seating, whereby the ill effects of
the continued shocks or impact are concentrated in one or the same place until
they or it cause or causes such damage as either totally prevents the proper action
or at least seriously impairs it, and these ill effects too frequently shew themselves
at the very time when it is of the greatest importance that no failure or impaired
working should take place.
In carrying out our Invention we arrange the moving part, controlling and
opening or closing the outlet, inlet, or passage so as to be retained in its position
by a spindle or spindles, guide or guides, on, against or within which it rises and
falls, or moves to the extent or amount desired, required or preferred, and in order.
that during its rising, falling, or moving, or either or all, it may be prevented from
having the same part coming in contact with the same part of the fixed seating, or
portion, or other part or parts with which it comes in contact, we cause it to rotate
or partially rotate or shift, on, against, or in its spindle or spindles, guide or guides,
so as to present a fresh portion or surface to the fixed seating, portion, or other
part or parts with which it comes in contact when in operation, and thus prevent
or at least reduce the ill effects caused by the constant shocks or impact of the
same part of the moveable portion on the same part of the fixed seating, or part or
portion, which soon cause the breakage or an impaired action of the moving part.
To obtain this result we either perforate the moving part within and around its
edges where there is sufficient lap or space to allow it, with one or more inclined
holes or openings, or form indentations likewise inclined, or use inclined inden-
tations or serratures like the teeth on a circular saw, on the exterior edges, or use
both or all in combination, so that when the moving part is in operation the friction
of the liquid or fluid in passing, or the resistance of the moving part to the same,
shall by means of these inclined holes or openings, or by means of the inclined
indented or serrated edges or both, or all in combination cause the moving part to
rotate, or partially rotate, or shift its position, so that on opening or closing, the
same portion of the moving part shall not come in contact with the same part of
the fixed seating or other portion and so prevent or diminish the damage caused by
the impact or batter of the moving part on the fixed seating or other part or
portion with which it comes in contact, occurring continually in the same place.
In those cases where the moving part is made of flexible material such as canvas,
india rubber, or the two combined, or built up of other flexible material or materials
in combination, the canvas, kamptulicon, woven split cane work, or whalebone, or
other suitable flexible material or materials may be placed in a layer or layers
alternately with some suitable adhesive material, cement, solution, or compound,
such as india-rubber, either in a cured or plastic condition until nearly the required
thickness is reached, when the whole may be completely covered with or enveloped

page_text: in the india rubber so as to prevent access of the liquid or fluid to the canvas or
other flexible material or materials or combination of the same and the inclined
openings, indented or serrated edges may be formed through the whole of the
materials forming the moving part and where the flexible material is exposed, the
same may be covered with india rubber, or openings may be formed 'in the canvas
or other flexible material before forming the moving part, and it may then be put
together so as to form the inclined openings, and the inclined openings lined so as
to keep the liquid or fluid from the flexible material and the whole cured as usual.
In the case of the inclined, indented, or serrated edge the canvas or flexible material
may be kept sufficiently far from the edge to enable the indentations or serratures
to be formed in the rubber without exposing the canvas or flexible material.
We may also in order further to prevent the wearing and spreading of the
material envelope or cover the rubber valve, or moving part on one or both sides
with canvas or other suitable material or materials or combination of the same in
addition to or in place of the canvas or other suitable material embedded in the
moving part, as herein before described, and cause the same to adhere firmly to the
rubber by being "cured" with and into it, in place of being simply attached by
cement or solution, though if desired or preferred it may be done in this manner.
We are aware that a canvas "jacket" has been applied to india rubber valves,
but the attachment of the canvas has been obtained by sewing or stitching it on
the twine, thread, or other material used for the purpose, passing through the
rubber and canvas, or either, but this mode can hardly fail to reduce the strength
or durability of the valve which would be a serious objection and cannot therefore
obtain the results secured by the plan we have above described.
We also form these serrated or indented valves herein before described out of
plain sheet rubber of the required thickness, and cut or otherwise suitably form the
inclined openings, indentations, or serratures of the required number, form, and
dimensions, or we may mould or otherwise conveniently form them out of the
india rubber or compound in a plastic state and then cure them in the usual
manner, applying the canvas to one or both sides, as hereinbefore described, or
simply curing them with or without the canvas as desired or preferred.
When such valves or moving parts as have just been described are put together
or otherwise suitably formed, we insert a metal or other suitable lining in the hole
or part which slides on the spindle, or we may use ebonite, vulcanite, or hard
rubber or other suitable material to take the wear, and this lining or bushing may
be arranged, in the case of metal especially, so as to be readily removed and replaced
and be made capable of being adjusted so as to grip or hold fast, or be attached to
the material forming the moving part or valve, the rubber being recessed where
desired around the hole to allow it to be properly applied. In some cases this
bushing or lining may be formed so as to be embedded in the india rubber or
material forming the valve, and by means of a projection or projections all round
on its or their exterior surface or surfaces and extending some distance therefrom
may be caused to enter and be embedded in the rubber and so prevent its working
loose and becoming detached from the material or materials forming the moving
part or valve, and the hold of the same on the valve may be increased by forming
corrugations, indentations, or roughening the surfaces, or by making perforations of
any desired form or number through this projecting part or parts, to allow of the
rubber or compound in its plastic state entering the same, so that when cured the
whole may become a solid mass. This projecting part or parts may corrugated
concentrically like the plates in an aneroid barometer, or otherwise so formed as
hereinbefore described as to increase the firmness of the hold or attachment of the
same to the rubber, but it will be seen that by this arrangement no adjustment is
provided as in the others, though it may be arranged to admit of this if desired.
In some cases we may form the metal bush so as to be lined with the ebonite,
vulcanite, or other material suitable for taking the wear, whereby we can readily
renew the interior when worn and at the same time obtain the benefit which is
derivable from the facility for renewal and replacement thereby obtained.

page_text: In the case of the moving part or valve being formed of metal the inclined
openings or inclined indented or serrated edge or edges may be moulded or cut or
otherwise conveniently formed, or curved radii ribs, indentations, recesses, grooves,
or flutings may be formed by moulding or otherwise on the surface exposed to the
flow of the liquid or fluid against which the same will press, and so when in motion
cause the required movement, and this arrangement may be used in combination
with any or all of the other openings, indentations, or serratures herein before
described. A moveable adjustable bush or lining may be applied to those parts
exposed to wear, and wood or other suitable material may be applied to those parts
which come in contact with the fixed seating or other part or parts. Rubber valves
may be moulded or formed and arranged on this plan, as shewn in edge view in
Figure 15, and used with any suitable bushing or not, as desired or preferred. The
bush and its parts should be kept below the surface of the rubber or other flexible
inaterial forming the valve or moving part which should be recessed to receive the
flange or washers, as shewn in Figures 10, 15, and 16, so as not to come in contact
with any portion of the seat or fixed part, but allow the valve or moving part to do
so and secure a tight joint at that part when the valve is on its seat.
Metal bushings in order to admit of easy application, renewal, and removal may
be formed of a central tube or portion with screwed ends and washers of the
required or desired diameter and thickness, attached to the same by screw threads
at each end, or one end may be formed with a flange or projection in one with it,
and the other end have a thread and screw washer, as shewn in Figures 17 and
18, and by means of which it may be firmly attached to the valve or removed
therefrom as required. This arrangement is suitable for use when the valve is
made of metal.
The before mentioned arrangements and modifications will be found illustrated
and explained in the Sheet of diagrams accompanying this Specification.
Figure 1 shews in plan, and Figure 2 in edge view the arrangement of valve
or moving part, in which inclined holes or openings are used, as hereinbefore
described, and which valve or moving part may be formed of india rubber or
other suitable material or materials, or of metal only if desired or preferred. A, A,
is the valve; B, B, the inclined holes or openings; C, the hole for the bush or
lining, which may be of metal or other suitable material, as herein before described.
Figure 3 and 4 shew in plan and edge view, the modification or arrangement in
which inclined indentations or notches are used and formed on the exterior edges
of the valve or moving part, as hereinbefore described, and the valve may be made
of india rubber or other suitable material or materials or metal as desired or
preferred. Similar letters of reference denote like parts as in Figures 1 and 2.
Figures 5 and 6 shew plan of underside and edge view of the modification or
arrangement in which inclined serratures, like the teeth of a circular saw, are used
on the exterior edge as herein before described, and the valve may be made of india
rubber or other suitable material or materials, or metal, as desired or preferred.
Similar letters of reference denote like parts as in the former Figures.
Figures 7 and 8 shew plan of underside and edge view of a modification or
arrangement in which all the before mentioned modes are used in combination as
shewn, and this as well as the other valves may be used with or without the
bushing at C or canvas jackets hereinbefore described. Similar parts are denoted
by like letters of reference.
Figures 9 and 10 shew in plan and vertical section a portion of a valve and the
embedded bushing hereinbefore described, the corrugations being shewn in the
plan; C, C, in both Figures being the bush, and D, D, the corrugations and
projections.
Figures 11 and 12 shew in plan and vertical section, but without the bushing, a
flexible valve with the canvas, whalebone, split cane, or other suitable insertion, as
hereinbefore described; B, B, in Figure 12 being the insertion. This valve is
shewn without the indentation holes or serratures, though the same may be
employed if desired, as also the canvas jacket hereinbefore described.

page_text: Figure 13 shews in plan, and Figure 14 in sectional elevation, an arrangement
of metal valve with the curved radii recesses or ribs, as hereinbefore described;
B, B, being the curved radii recesses or ribs, and D, D, the wood or other suitable
material forming the bearing surface.
Figure 15 shews in sectional elevation such an arrangement moulded or other-
wise formed of india rubber or other suitable material, as hereinbefore described,
with the adjustable bushing in its place at C. Similar letters of reference denote
like parts.
Figure 16 shews in sectional elevation an enlarged portion of a flexible valve
with the metal or other bush C in place, in order that the manner in which (as
hereinbefore described) it comes below and clear of the two surfaces of the valve
may be clearly seen.
Figures 17 and 18 are sectional elevations of two ways in which the bushings
may be arranged as hereinbefore described.
Figure 19 shews in sectional elevation a flexible valve to which the canvas
jacket has been applied as herein before described, the canvas D, D, being on both
sides, though it may be applied to only one and either. No bush is shewn applied
to the Figure, nor are there any inclined holes, indentations, or serratures shewn,
though all or any may be used as desired or preferred, and the canvas jacket may
be used on one or both sides of any of the arrangements shewn, except in the case
of Figures 13 and 14.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention of "Improvements in
Apparatus and Arrangements for Controlling Openings or Passages for the Flow of
Liquids and Fluids," and the manner in which the same is to or may be performed
or carried into practical effect, we desire to state that we do not limit or confine
ourselves to the precise details shewn in the accompanying Sheet of diagrams, as
the same may be modified without departing from the nature of our said Invention,
nor do we claim as of our Invention the use of valves or moving parts for controlling
openings or passages, as these are not new; nor the use of metal, india rubber,
wood, or other material for this purpose, as these have been used before; but what
we do claim as of our Invention and desire to have protected by Letters Patent
is,—
First. Arranging valves or moving parts, controlling outlets, inlets, or passages
through which liquids or fluids pass, in such manner that the same shall be caused
to rotate, or partially rotate, or shift on the seat or fixed part on which they rest
by the action of the liquid or fluid during its passage, substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described, and as illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
diagrams.
Second. The combinations and arrangements shewn in the accompanying Sheet of
diagrams and as hereinbefore specified, or any mere modification thereof, substan-
tially as and for the purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the above named Francis Giles Henwood, for myself
and on behalf of the above named James Henry Chapman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty first day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
Witness to the signature of
Francis Giles Henwood,
JOSEPH HENDERSON,
28, Budge Row,
London, E.C.
F. G. HENWOOD. (L.S.)