Improvements in Fixing Insoluble Colouring Matters on Fibres or Fabrics.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1897
Co.nplete Specification Left, 3rd Mar., 1898-Accepted, 14th May, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fixing Insoluble Colouring Matters on Fibres or
Fabrics.
I, BENJAMIN WILLCOX, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been
communicated to me from S. Wallach & Co. and Camille Schoen, both of Mülhausen,
Alsace, in the Empire of Germany), to be as follows:-
This invention consists in fixing insoluble colouring matters on fibres or fabrics by
means of size, or caseïne, which is rendered insoluble through the agency of free
The colours are fixed
formaldehyde or its compounds with bisulphites, or ammonia.
in the same permanent manner as are the so-called albumen colours by the agency of
steam, or elevated temperatures.
For this purpose size, or caseïne, is added to the colouring matter, the dye being
then precipitated on the fibre by submitting it to the action of formaldehyde, in
solution or as vapour.
The material is first printed with the colour, previously mixed with size, or caseïne,
and then exposed to the action of formaldehyde vapour, or dipped in a solution of
formaldehyde.
The size may be mixed with a certain quantity of a thickening agent such as gum-
tragacanth, as is usual in the case of albumen colours.
Or the formaldehyde, or the ammonia or bisulphite compound thereof, may be
added to the colour (mixed with the size or caseïne) to be printed. In the case of
direct addition of formaldehyde to the colour, the latter may be fixed by simply
drying the material at some temperature above 80° Centigrade. The colour, however,
is rather decomposable, and coagulates after a short time.
Complete fixation is effected by adding about 4 per cent. formaldehyde (10 per cent.
of the commercial solution) of the weight of size or caseïne employed.
If one of the compounds of formaldehyde, for instance, the bisulphite compound,
or ammonia compound, (hexamethyleneamine) be used in the forgoing process, the
colour remains for several days without coagulating.
The fixing in this case however is best achieved by steaming.
These various printing colours may be added with sodium acetate, and employed as
reserves on aniline black.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Fixing Insoluble Colouring Matters on Fibres or
Fabrics.
I, BENJAMIN WILLCOX, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me from S. Wallach & Co. and Camille Schoen, both of Mülhausen,
Alsace, in the Empire of Germany) and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention consists in fixing insoluble colouring matters on fibres, or fabrics,
by means of size, or caseïne, which is rendered insoluble through the agency of free
formaldehyde or its compounds with bisulphites or ammonia. The colours are fixed
in the same permanent manner as are the so-called albumen colours, by the agency
of steam, or elevated temperatures.
For this purpose size, or-enseïne, is added to the-colouring-matter, the dye-being
then-precipitated on the fibre by submitting it to the nction of formaldehyde, in
solution, or as vapour.
The-material is first printed with the colour previously mixed-with-size, or-enseïne,
and then exposed to the nation of formaldehyde vapour, or dipped-in-a-solution of
formaldehyde.
The size may be mixed with a certain quantity of a thickening agent, such as
gum-tragacanth, as is usual in the case of albumen colours.
Or the formaldehyde, or The ammonia, or bisulphite, compound of formaldehyde is
thereof, may be added to the colour (mixed with the size, or caseïne) to be printed.
In the ease of direct addition of formaldehyde-to the colour, the latter may be fixed
by simply drying-the material at some temperature above 80°-Centigrade. The
colour, however, is rather decomposable, and coagulates-after-a short time.
Complete fixation is effected by adding the equivalent of about 4 per cent. formal-
dehyde (10 per cent. of the commercial solution) of the weight of size, or caseïne,
employed.
By using one of the compounds of formaldehyde, for instance, the bisulphite
compound, or ammonia compound, (hexamethyleneamine) be used in the foregoing
process, the colour remains for several days without coagulating.
The fixing in this ease however is best achieved by steaming.
These various printing colours may be added with sodium acetate, and employed
as reserves on aniline black.
It is found that the use of formaldehyde has already been applied for the same pur-
pose, and is described and claimed in Specification No. 6112 of 1897, of a Patent granted
to William Edward Kay and the Thornlieback Company Limited, of Glasgow, and it is
therefore desired to limit the present specification and claim to such further step in the
art as is described therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
Fixing insoluble colouring matters on fibres, or fabrics, by means of size or caseïne,
which is rendered insoluble through the agency of free formaldehyde, or its compounds
with bisulphites; or ammonia, substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1898
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.