IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOOKS FOR GARMENTS."
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frearson, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HOOKS FOR GARMENTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frearson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd November 1852.
I, JOHN FREARSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOOKS FOR GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus
employed in the manufacture of hooks used for attaching parts of
garments, and they consist of causing the hook to be bent first by
a slide, which bends the metal at right angles, and then by means
of a lever or pressing instrument, which, whilst the wire or metal is
still held securely, presses and slides over the metal in the act of
bending it, thus producing a planished surface to the hook; and in
order to turn in the metal of the eyes (for the passage of the needle),
the slides which close the eyes over the mandrils, in addition to

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of, the Letters
Patent, filed by the said John Frearson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 17th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN FREARSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send
greeting,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty third day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty two,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Frearson, Her
special licence that I, the said John Frearson, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Frearson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully. might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOOKS FOR GARMENTS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Frearson, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same.
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frearson, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say): -

page_text: This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus
employed in the manufacture of hooks used for attaching parts of
garments, and they consist of causing the hook to be bent first by
a slide, which bends the metal at right angles, and then by means of
a lever or pressing instrument, which, whilst the wire or metal is
still held securely, presses the slides over the metal in the act of
bending it, thus producing a planished surface to the hook; and in
order to turn in the metal of the eye (for the passage of the needle),
the slides which close the eyes over the mandrils, in addition to
sliding, also move sideways, and by projections cause the ends of
the wire to be tucked or bent in more completely.
And in order that my said Invention may be more fully under-
stood, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figures 8,
and also of
Figure 1, is a front view of the tucking up or closing apparatus (the
plan of which may be seen in Figure 4). Figure 2, shows a blank
closed in the ordinary manner; and Figure 3, a blank as tucked up by
my improved apparatus. Figure 4, is a plan, and Figures 5, 6, and 7,
are sectional end elevations, of the planishing apparatus in various
stages of the process of bending and planishing the hook.
9, and 10, show views of the hook on an enlarged scale
the rubber T. The same letter refers to the same parts. a, a, arc
fulcrum studs or pivots (secured to the bed B, of the machine),
which carry the closing levers C, C, E, E; the closing slides, which
carry the closing tools F, F, and also the tool holders G, G, which
move upon the axes h, h, i, i, are inclined projections upon G, G,
which act against the inclined projections on j, j. By this arrange-
ment the blank of the hook is received between the tools F, and by
their movement on the projections j, j, they cause the ends of the
wire forming the eyes to be bent or tucked inwards on the mandrils
or pegs, producing thereby more finished work; and in this condition
will the blank of the hook be held for being bent at right angles,
and then formed into a hook. The combination of parts is such,
that the blank (prepared as heretofore), having been introduced

page_text: into the machine, it is first received between the tools F, F, and the
ends tucked in as above explained; the blank is then, without being
moved, bent at right angles whilst held in position, and then formed
into a planished hook by being bent, by rubbing or planishing; M,
the main shaft upon which are fixed the cams D, D, n¹, s, v, and q;
L, the bearings for the shaft M; N, the bracket which carries the
fulcrum pin c, upon which the lever P, moves; f, the bracket which
carries the fulcrum pin r, for the pinching lever R; e, the fulcrum
pin in the end of the lever R, which carries the pressing or planish-
ing lever T. The links m, m, connect the lever T, to the lever P,
by pin joints n, n; t, the bracket which carries the fulcrum pin u,
and the beaking plate lever p; 1, the instrument which bends the
point of the hook at right angles; w, the slide which carries the in-
strument ; A, A, the bearings in which the slide w, moves. The
moveable parts are kept to their cams with suitable springs.
The shaft M, being set in motion in the direction of the arrow,
the cams D, D, move the levers F, F, towards each other, and the
projections i, i, slide along the parts of j, j. The levers F, F, tuck
the ends of the wires in towards the body of the blank (as seen in
Figure 2); the levers advance still further, and the projections i, i,
come in contact with the fixed projections upon j, j, and thereby
cause the levers F, F, to move sideways. The needle hole pegs or
mandrils, around which the ends of the wire are bent, being sta-
tionary during this process, the ends of the wire become tucked up
as seen in Figure 3. The levers F, recede; the cam n¹, causes the
instrument p, to press on the blank as seen in Figure 6; the cam s,
then causes the tool 7, to bend the beak part of the hook at right
angles as seen in Figure 6. The tool l, then retreats, and the cam
7, causes the lever T, to advance towards the tool l. The cam v,
causes the lever T, to ascend in the direction of the arrow, thus
completing the hook as seen in Figure 7. The lever T, moves
back the needle hole; pegs or mandrils draw out in the ordinary way,
and the instrument p, liberates the finished hook.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: nanner of performing the same, I would have it understood that
what I claim is the combination of parts herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frearson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty second day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty
three.
Witness,
H. W. CARPMAEL.
JOHN FREARSON. (L.S.)