matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OF COM- MUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS AND GUARD AND THE GUARD AND ENGINE DRIVER UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Bedwell, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December,
1857.
I, FRANCIS BEDWELL, of Bathwick Hill, Bath, in the County of Somerset,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF COM-
MUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS AND GUARD AND THE GUARD AND ENGINE
DRIVER UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved means of communicating between
the passengers and guard and the guard and engine driver upon trains on
railways. For this purpose each railway carriage has attached to it a tube,
the ends of which are arranged suitably to admit of their being coupled up with
the ends of the tubes of other carriages, so that when a train is made up,
there shall be a continuous tube from the hindermost carriage to the engine.
The tubing fixed through each carriage is preferred to be of gutta percha or
compounds of gutta percha, each tube having flexible ends of vulcanized india-
rubber, such flexible ends being connected to metal tubes. The metal tube
on the flexible end of the pipe in one carriage fits into the metal tube on the
flexible end of the pipe in another carriage, and the metal tubes are locked
together by a spring catch, in order that the tubes of the several carriages may
be readily connected and disconnected. From the main tube there are branch
tubes which pass into each compartment of a carriage, each branch tube being
fitted with a mouthpiece, so that any passenger may blow through the tube
which is between such passenger and the guard, and sound a whistle which

page_text: is thero in connection with the tube. And in order that this may be accom-
plished, each branch is provided with a stop-cock or valve, by which ordinarily
the passage through the branch is kept closed, and on the main tubo there is
a stop-cock or valve on cach side of where the branch is connected, so that tho
main tube may be closed in one direction and open in the other. These two
cocks or valves are ordinarily open, and one of them is only closed when a
passenger wishes to communicate with the guard by blowing the whistle fixed
to the tubo near the guard, and the guard has a similar apparatus to that
above described; but the cock or valve on the tube between him and the
engine driver is kept closed except when the guard wishes to sound a whistle
on the end of the tube near the engine driver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA, PARASOL, AND WALKING STICKS OR CABES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Solomon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1857.
I, SIMON SOLOMON, of Wood Street, Spitalfields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Umbrella and Walking Stick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA, PARASOL, AND
WALKING STICKS OR CABES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in walking sticks or canes, and in umbrella or parasol
sticks or canes, consist in making the bend or crook forming the handle, by
building up a series of parts on a piece of metal, bent of the required form,
which is secured into the straight part of the cane or stick.
In canes used for walking, or umbrellas, it is usual to bend the cane to form
the handle, but which has the effect of flattening and weakening the cane in
some degree, and in many cases it is crippled and broken in the bending. It
is also usual to carve or form a hook of box wood or other material, in
imitation of the cane or stick to which it is to be fitted. This is objectionable,
as handles so formed do not match the cane, & are liable to break, having
the grain running across at some part, whereas according to my Invention I
mount short pieces of the cane itself on the metal stem or foundation, with
knots or joints imitated thereon, at the several junctious of the parts. The

page_text: end piece is screwed and glued on, and afterwards the several pieces forming
the crook, the straight part of the metal stem is then screwed and glued into
the straight part of the cane, which retains the whole securely together.
Instead of pieces of cane being used for the crook alone, ivory and pieces of
cane alternately may be used, or other ornamental materials may be placed on
the metal core to form the crook or handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR DEPOSITING SEED AND MANURE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Reeves and John Reeves
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 7th December 1857.
We, ROBERT REEVES and JOHN REEVES, of Bratton, near Westbury, in
the County of Wilts, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR DEPOSITING SEED AND MANURE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in implements for depositing
seed and manure. Heretofore, in the implements employed for this purpose,
the quantity of seed or manure deposited on the land has been regulated by
instruments carried by the frame of the implement, and from these regulating
instruments the seed or manure has usually been conveyed to delivering
apparatus attached to the coulter lever by tubes.
Now, according to our Invention, the instruments for regulating the
quantity of seed or manure to be deposited on the land are attached to the
coulter levers, and the measured quantity of seed or manure is at once
deposited on the land, in place of being conveyed away by pipes, or otherwise,
before being so deposited. For this purpose we attach to each of the coulter
levers a small box or hopper, which communicates by a pipe with the main
seed or manure box carried by the carriage; in each of the boxes carried by

page_text: the coulter levers is a vertical axis, which at its lower end has a circular plate
mounted on it, and this plate, when motion is given to the axis, revolves in
close contact with the bottom of the box, and the plate has a number of holes
formed in it, into which the seed or manure contained in the box falls. At
one part of the bottom of the box a hole is formed, and when the holes in the
revolving plate come up to this hole, the seed or manure which they contain
falls out directly on to the land, but the seed or manure is prevented from
running directly through tho revolving plate and the hole in the bottom of
the box by a brush placed above the revolving plate, and vertically over the
hole in the bottom of the box. By the use of apparatus arranged in this way,
the seed or manure can be delivered in bunches at intervals, or if this is not
required, then by increasing the number of holes in the revolving plate, a
delivery, which is practically continuous, may be obtained.
In place of attaching the measuring instruments as above described to the
coulter levers, they may be attached to a bar fixed to the frame of the
implement. An implement arranged in this way would not, it is true, adjust
itself to the irregularities of the land as the one first described would; still,
the advantage of depositing the quantity of seed or manure measured directly
on the land, in place of conveying it away by tubes or otherwise, would be
retained.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF BLEACHING STRAW PLAIT AND STRAW
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1857. A communication.
I, JOSIAH WRIGHT, of Hemel Hempstead, in the County of Herts, Plait
Dyer and Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF BLEACHING STRAW PLAIT AND STRAW," (communicated
to me by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
I first soak the fibre or plait in a bath saturated with soda of commerce and
chloride of lime. The proportions should be two of soda to one of chloride of
lime by weight. The soaking should continue for from about 24 to 72 hours.
When removed from the bath the plait or fibre is rinced in cold water and
dried. After being dry the plait or fibre is exposed in a closed chamber to
the fumes of sulphur, or to sulphurous acid gas for from about one to six
hours.
AN IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
• 1857.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PROPELLER FOR PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
My propeller consists of an oar-like blade, connected to a shaft depending
from the vessel behind and clear of the rudder. The shaft passes through the
blade, and a nut or other like contrivance prevents the blado falling off the
shaft. Connected to the shaft, and immediately over the upper end of the blade,
is a cap or shield carrying two stops which project downwards, and between
which the blade is free to move upon the shaft as an axis, in order to enable it
to feather when being moved, as hereafter explained. The upper part of the
shaft is pierced at intervals, whereby to regulate the immersion of the pro-
peller, and is connected by a pin or otherwise to a horizontal shaft, to which
a rocking motion is communicated by hand or other power. Upon the hori-
zontal shaft being rocked a sculling motion is communicated to the propeller,
which drives forward the vessel, and the blade being free to move upon its
axis, "feathers" and opposes its smallest surface to the water on its return, or
at the dead part of its stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERS' KILNS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by "Daniel Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1857.
I, DANIEL GREEN, of the firm of Singer and Green, of Vauxhall, in the
County of Surrey, Potters and Drain Pipe Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POTTERS' KILNS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of consuming smoke
in potters' kilns. For this purpose I construct the furnace with a hollow
bridge at the end of the fire bars, and this bridge communicates by a fine or
flues with the external air. The bridge is open at the top so as to admit
the air which will be heated by passing through the flues to the fire. In
the crown or upper part of the furnace is another flue or passage, which
communicates with an opening across the furnace, and this opening is by
preference formed of two fire-clay tiles or binders, built into the arch forming
the top of the furnace, so as to project downwards into the body of the
furnace towards the fire bars. I prefer to place the opening in the top of
the furnace in front of the bridge, so that the air issuing therefrom drives the
smoke and flame down on to the bridge, where it is met by the air, which

page_text: there enters the furnace. I also prefer to construct the furnace longer than
the furnaces generally employed in potters' kilns, and to form the body thereof
with curved or inclined sides, so as to make the furnace wider in the centre
than at the bridge and fire door.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH OR WOVEN FABRICS, COMPOSED OF A MIXTURE OF WOOL AND A VEGETABLE FILAMENTOUS MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH A PURPOSE
Year: 1857

page_text: I his invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1857. A communication from Guillaume Ahman and Auguste de
Villeneuve.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH OR WOVEN
FABRICS, COMPOSED OF A MIXTURE OF WOOL AND A VEGETABLE FILAMENTOUS
MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR SUCH A PURPOSE," being a communication
from Guillaume Ahman and Auguste de Villeneuve, foreigners residing
abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment for such manufacture of a
mixture of animal wool with an exotic filamentous substance or vegetable
wool extracted from "jute." The proportions of this mixture of the animal
and vegetable wools may be varied according to the nature or quality of the
fabric desired to be produced. The "jute" which produces this vegetable
wool is very abundant, and is known in commerce as "jute hemp," "Calcutta
hemp," and "Bombay hemp."

page_text: The preparation of the vegetable wool from the "jute" is conducted as
follows: The "jute" is reduced into tow by the means ordinarily employed
for hemp and flax, and in this state is submitted to the operation of "retting"
or deglutination. It is then dried and carded by the ordinary means, and
may be bleached, dyed any color, and spun by the ordinary processes and
machinery, and may be treated in all ways precisely as ordinary animal wool.
The woven fabrics made from this mixture will be found to be more durable
than others, and will also be preserved from the ravages of the mite.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PICKERS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Stott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1857.
I, THOMAS STOTT, of Sabden, near Whalley, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PICKERS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention consists of the arrangement and con-
struction of a metal picker, to be used in looms instead of the ordinary pickers
made of buffalo hide.
I make the picker of malleable iron or other suitable metal, and of a very
light construction, because, if it be too heavy, it will throw the cop out of the
shuttle at the return stroke. I also make a hole or recess in that part of the
picker which strikes the shuttle tip, in which recess I fix a spring of india-
rubber or any suitable material at the far end, and cover it at the front with
horn, gutta percha, buffalo hide, or any other similar substance that will with-
stand the knocking action of the shuttle.
The arrangement and construction of this picker will be clearly understood
by reference to the accompanying outline Drawing, in which Fig. 1 is an end
and Fig. 2 a side view of the improved picker, in which a shews the body;
b, the hole, which works on the guide rod; and c, the shell, in which is placed
the spring d and the picker of horn or other suitable material e.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TRANSMITTING MOTION, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN NAVIGATION
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1857. A communication from Mr. Robert Tissot.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 77, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF TRANSMITTING MOTION, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN NAVIGATION," communicated to me by Mr Robert Tissot, a
foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to transmit motion to instruments, tools,
apparatus, or mechanical parts of machinery, capable of being placed in or
moved into various positions, or having separate or independent additional
guiding or other motions, as, for example, to transmit rotary motion to a screw
propeller at the same time as such propeller is made by other means to assume
different positions or angles in regard to the axis or keel of the vessel for the
purpose of steering it; thus rendering the propeller available as a rudder, with-
out interrupting its rotary motion, and this the Inventor accomplishes, taking,
for example, the instance of a screw propeller, by forming the propeller shaft
in parts, or what is the same thing, using two shafts connected together by
an intermediate connecting piece or link. Of these parts or shafts, one is
the fore part or shaft nearer the steam engine or other motor, and receiving
rotary motion direct therefrom.
direct therefrom. The other is the aft part or shaft, which

page_text: immediately carries the propeller, and is fixed to a moveable bearing or frame
made by suitable means to adopt the positions required for steering the vessel.
The intermediate link or piece which connects the said shafts or parts of
shafts takes into eyes in the opposite and nearest ends of these two shafts or
portions of shafts, or is otherwise jointed or connected to those ends in such
manner that while it receives rotary motion from the fore or driving shaft,
it also follows the varying positions of the propeller carrying shaft, and thus
transmits rotary motion to the propeller while it is steering or directing the
vessel. The propeller may be conveniently actuated for steering purposes by
causing its bearing or frame to travel on arms fixed to the vessel by means
of a toothed segment or wheel, which it carries, being geared into by a
toothed pinion worked from the deck.
Although I have herein referred to a propeller only as illustrating this
Invention, the same mode of or a similar arrangement for transmitting motion
may be applied to other instruments, tools, and parts of machinery, which may
have some additional independent guiding or other motion, or are capable of
being placed in or moved into different positions.
IMPROVED COMPOUND SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrived
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1857.
I, JAMES HENRY BENNETT, Engineer, 8, Vanburgh Place, Leith, in the
County of Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED COMPOUND SAFETY VALVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new and improved arrangement of safety valves
for steam, gas, or any aireform or liquid body whereby an escape is given
through the primary action of one or more small valves, consequently reducing
the weights required, at the same time the form of the combined larger valves
prevents any chance of sticking, and also will in the event of the pressure
within being less than that without, allow the atmosphere to rush in and save
the vessel from collapse.
Fig. I. is a sectional elevation of my compound valve. A, A, are passages
communicating with the interior of the boiler or vessel; B is the way of
escape; C, C, are two valves, and D, D, weights by which they are loaded (I
use one or more of these valves); E is the large escape valve, and F, com-
bined therewith, is the disc or piston that opens E when the pressure within is
greater than required; this disc or piston F has a larger area than the valve
É, and works loosely in the cylinder G.
The action is thus:-On the inner pressure opening the valves C, C, (if the
escape round the disc or piston F is insufficient,) this pressure will impinge

page_text: upon it, and being of a larger area than E, E, will immediately open and so
give a large way of escape, until the pressure within be reduced to the required
point; but should the pressure within be less than that without, it is obvious
that the valve E will be opened until an equillibrium be produced.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation, and the letters apply as in Figure 1. I claim
in particular as my Invention the two united valves E and F, in any form that
will give a like action, and I also claim the form of the valve C, C, whereby the
full area of the opening is given when the valve is raised, and I designate my
Invention Bennett's compound safety valves.
In the accompanying Drawing the valves are shown in closed chests,
whereby they are under the control of those who hold the key, but they can
be used open, and with levers, springs, &c. instead of weights.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF FILTERS TO COCK, TAPS, OR OTHER VALVES USED TO DRAW OFF LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tibbets Ropes and David
Wilson Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th February 1857.-A communication.
We, HENRY TIBBETS ROPES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Ice
Merchant, and DAVID WILSON THOMAS, of the same Place, Brassfounder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF FILTERS TO COCK, TAPS, OR OTHER VALVES USED TO DRAW OFF
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in attaching to or forming in or on the nose or
discharge part of cocks, taps, or other valves used to draw off liquids a
receptackle for holding or containing any suitable filtering material or materials,
and through which the liquids pass, and which chamber or receptacle or part
thereof it is proposed to screw on to the nose of the valve, so that it can be
readily detached therefrom for the purpose of cleaning or removing the
filtering medium.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: on for Letters Latent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Appleby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1857.
I, RICHARD APPLEBY, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumber-
land, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the adaptation and application to washing machines
of spiral and parallel beaded rollers, mounted so as to admit of the clothes
intended to be washed being drawn up and down between two series of them,
and to yield to the pressure of the clothes in an outward direction, returning
by gravity to their position on the removal of such pressure.
For this purpose the axes of the several rollers are inserted in curved slots
formed in standards fixed to the two ends of the washing tub, the curves of
such slots inclining upwards and outwards, or the axes of the rollers may be
otherwise mounted.
The clothes intended to be washed are fixed in a frame that is worked up
and down, so as to cause the clothes to pass to-and-fro between the two series
of rollers, by means of a lever having its fulcrum or centre of motion in a
standard conveniently fixed at the back of the tub, and provided with a
counterbalancing weight; but I do not confine myself to this mode of working
the frame containing the clothes.
AN ECONOMICAL GAS LIGHT GENERATOR AND CONSUMER
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
given wunin
prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McLennan, John Palmer, and
John Henry Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd January 1857.
We, JOHN M°LENNAN, of 6, Park Place, Highbury, Islington, JOHN PALMER,
and JOHN HENRY PALMER, of 60, Mildway Street, Stoke Newington, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN ECONOMICAL GAS LIGHT
GENERATOR AND CONSUMER," to be as follows; and consists in causing the gas light
to expand or be drawn out, thereby obtaining a more brilliant light, as well as
ensuring the perfect combustion of the gas, and which are accomplished by
placing upon top of the glass a small dome, the diameter of which is about one-
third the diameter of the glass, and the height of the dome about the same
as the width. This dome is fastened to the glass in any suitable manner,
providing, however, sufficient space for the admission of air.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OP BURNING. OR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrwea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Russell Chibnall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1857.
I, JAMES RUSSELL CHIBNALL, of the City of Westminster, Baker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OP BURNING.
OR CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing in a chimney flue, smoke way, or channel
a gas burner, or coil, or bent gas pipe, perforated at intervals for the issue of
gas. The gas being lighted and the smoke passing through the burner
becomes burnt or consumed. The heat from the gas and burnt products of
combustion may be utilized or not, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nelson Matthews at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1857.
I, NELSON MATTHEWS, of Dodworth, near Barnsley, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a double-acting pump, whereby with only one
working barrel and bucket I am enabled to lift double the amount of water
that could be lifted by a pump of the ordinary construction. The bucket to
be employed is solid, similar to an ordinary air-pump bucket or steam-engine
piston, and the pump rod passes through a stuffing box at the top of the
working barrel. On each side of the working barrel is a pipe of about the
same diameter. These pipes are both connected to the upper part of the
working barrel above the stroke of the bucket. One of these pipes is closed
at the top, and its lower end communicates with the pump tree below the
foot valve or clack. The lower end of the other pipe communicates with the
pump tree or barrel above the foot valve or clack, and its upper end serves
as the discharge pipe. These two pipes are furnished with valves or clacks,
so arranged and constructed as that upon each upward or downward stroke
of the bucket or piston the water or other fluid shall be drawn through the
one and lifted or forced through the other alternately, and consequently there
is a constant stream of water or other fluid as it is raised during the down-
ward as well as during the upward stroke of the bucket or piston.
AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE CONNECTION OR JOINT, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Cogan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th May 1857.
I, HENRY COGAN, of Trent, in the County of Somerset, Farmer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE
CONNECTION OR JOINT, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS,”
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a threaded rod or screw bar
fixed or connected to the frame or other suitable part of the implement or
machine, to which coulters, tines, shares, hoes, or other articles are to be
joined or connected; and for as many of these as are to be so connected
I pass on to the screw bar so many threaded- tubular nuts, having an eye,
tube, button, or other like projection formed thereon, to which the hoes,
coulters, or other articles are to be united by bolt and nut or otherwise, so as
to form a tight or hinge joint at will.
I
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Leclercq at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1857.
I, ADOLPHE LECLERCQ, Iron Manufacturer, of Trith S' Leger, near Valen-
ciennes, Town in the French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SLEEPERS OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is applicable for ordinary lines and for rail and tramways in
mines, quarries, and other localities. It consists in forming, by rolling or
otherwise, metal sleepers and chairs all in one piece. I am aware that metal
sleepers have already been substituted for wood, but up to the present time I
am not aware of the sleeper and chairs being formed in one piece of metal.
The inside cheeks of the chairs must be formed to suit the shape of the rail
they are to support; straight-sided for straight rails, and curved for double-
headed and other curved-sided rails.
AN IMPROVED BRICK- MAKING MACHINE
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1857. A communication.
I, CHARLES BARLOW, of the Office for Patents, 89, Chancery Lane, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BRICK-
MAKING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
The annexed Drawing is a longitudinal section of an improved machine com-
posed of two endless chains, one above the other, stretched around and set in
motion by octagonal wheels m, me, e¹. The links of the lower chain k, k,
form moulds, into which the powdered or levigated clay falls as they pass
under the box O containing the said clay, which is stirred up by an agitator
or winged .roller P, set in motion by the passage of the moulds. Another
3-winged agitator 9 stirs up the clay in the moulds before the latter brings
the clay under the action of the compressing blocks n, n', carried by the upper
5 endless chain. The moulds of the under chain travel over friction rollers g, g,
and similar friction rollers 1, 1, are brought to bear over the compressing
blocks n, n, by a counterpoise suitably disposed. Small pieces of wood of the
size of the bricks are placed at S into the moulds as they travel; they are for
the purpose of taking out the moulded bricks at X when they have been
pressed.
The motion is given by a hand crank L, the shaft of which carries a pinion
gearing with a set of tooth wheels carried by the shafts of the octagonal chain
driving wheels.
PRINTING ON BOTH SIDES OF A SHEET OF PAPER BY A SINGLE IMPRESSION ON AN ORDINARY LITHOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PRESS
Year: 1857

page_text: rotection,
LILG
proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sigismond Rosenthal at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1857.
I, SIGISMOND ROSENTHAL, Artist, 2, Red Lion Square, Holborn, County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PRINTING
ON BOTH SIDES OF A SHEET OF PAPER BY A SINGLE IMPRESSION ON AN ORDINARY
LITHOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PRESS," to be as follows:-
Take two zinc or other plates, and connect them together by hinges as in
the sketch, so as to allow them to face each other, the same as the covers of
a book; each plate to have on it the drawing or writing, and when inked
in the usual way, the paper to be placed on one of the plates and the other
folded over it; they are then to be pressed in the usual way, when the
paper will receive impressions on both sides. Lithographic stones and other
materials will also do. By this Invention neither tympan nor backing sheets
are required. A great saving of time is effected, as double the quantity of
printing may be done by this than in the ordinary process.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR TOTALLY OR PARTIALLY BENUMBING ANY PART OF THE HUMAN FRAME PREVIOUS TO A SURGICAL OPERATION, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PER- FORMING THE SAID OPERATION WITHOUT PAIN
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Robert Prynn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th April 1857.
1, CHARLES THOMAS ROBERT PRYNN, of Newton Abbot, in the County of
Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR TOTALLY OR PARTIALLY BENUMBING ANY PART OF THE
HUMAN FRAME PREVIOUS TO A SURGICAL OPERATION, FOR THE PURPOSE OF PER-
FORMING THE SAID OPERATION WITHOUT PAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved apparatus of the construction
herein-after described, adapted for forcing an inexhaustible stream of freezing
liquid through thin tubular metal, lined outside with spongo, shaped according
to the part of the human frame to be operated upon, the use of said tubular
metal being to produce either total or partial insensibility at the part it is
applied to.
I am aware of apparatus having heretofore been employed for benumbing
parts of the human frame, but such apparatus have, I believe, failed in practice,
on account of the large quantity of freezing mixture required to keep up a
continual stream being soon exhausted, whereas by this Invention the stream is
inexhaustible, and only a small quantity of freezing mixture is required.

page_text: The above improved apparatus is light and portable, and for operations of
short duration will be found to make a sufficient quantity of ice to supply
itself.
The construction of the above-mentioned improved apparatus is as follows:-
Within a wooden or other case, and at a short distance from the bottom thereof,
I fix two small metal pump barrels, each fitted with a solid plunger, working
water-tight through a gland or stuffing box of the ordinary kind. These two
barrels are connected together and terminate in one common outlet, to which
'an elastic tube or tubes is or are connected, and to the upper ends of these
said tubes thin tubes of metal and sponge are affixed and connected thereto,
as before stated. The before-mentioned plungers are respectively connected
by rods to a two-throw crank shaft, upon one end of which a winch handle is
fixed for imparting rotatory motion thereto; the barrels of the pumps are
also provided with suitable valves. One half of the case of the apparatus
contains the freezing mixture to be used, and has a rotatory agitator placed
therein, which receives motion from a winch handle placed on the axis or
spindle thereof.
A NEW AND IMPROVED SYSTEM OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Victor Beaumesnil and
Charles Erhard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th April 1857.
We, PIERRE VICTOR BEAUMESNIL and CHARLES ERHARD, of Paris, Rue'
Lafayette, No. 67, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A
NEW AND IMPROVED SYSTEM OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in wheels for railway and
other carriages. For this purpose, in place of making the spokes of wheels
in one piece from the nave to the felloe, as heretofore, each of the spokes
is made in two parts, one part being fixed to the felloo and the other to the
nave, and the two parts being connected together by a pin on one of the
parts passing through a slot formed in the other part. By this means it will
be seen that the axle will always be below the centre of the wheel. The
parts of the spokes fixed to the felloe are made in two sets, between which
the parts of the spokes fixed to the nave pass; and their ends are held
securely by being fastened to rings, the inside of the rings being sufficiently
large to admit of the movement of the nave; and the two sets of the parts
of spokes fixed to the felloe are held together by means of the pins, which
pass through the slots in the other parts of the spokes. Or, in place of having

page_text: spokes fixed to the felloe, two discs may be employed, the spokes fixed to
the nave working between them, the two discs being held together by means
of the pins which pass through the slots in the other spokes, and a holo
being left in the centre of the discs for the movement of the nave.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PLAYING LOTO
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1857. A communication from P. E. Lemercier and J. F. Bouneau.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 77, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR PLAYING LOTO," communicated to me by P. E. Lemercier
and J. F. Bouneau, foreigners residing abroad, to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to render the game of loto more diversified
and amusing, which the Inventors effect by introducing variety or diversity of
colors (in addition to the usual diversity of numbers) in or on the apparatus
used in loto, in such manner and for the purpose of increasing the combina-
tions and interest of the game.
The apparatus proposed according to these improvements are cards of
different colors, or bearing numbers of different colors, or on divisions, rows,
or series of different colors, which are used with counters of corresponding
colors; and also checking boards or tables presenting a set of numbers for
each particular color. A set of knobs or balls, each bearing a number, is
used for calling the numbers from. To exemplify a mode of using the improved
apparatus in playing loto, the numbers of the knobs or balls are called of the
different colors, and only such numbers on the cards are covered as correspond
in color as well as number, while by placing the numbers announced on the
checking boards or tables errors are detected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: rotection,
L
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1857.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Ipswich, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING PLASTIC MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in moulding plastic mate-
rials, and consists in employing for this purpose moulds made of thin metal,
in which the pattern is produced by stamping. The thin stamped metal,
which is much used. for window cornices and for other similar purposes, I find
to be very suitable to make moulds for moulding plastic materials, such, for
example, as artificial stone or clay, and to prepare such stamped metal to be
used for moulds, it is necessary to bed it in plaster or cement, and to surround
it with a wooden frame of a depth corresponding with the thickness of the
moulded article to be produced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARDING OR PREPARING TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leslie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1857. A communication from A. Sentis and Sons.
I, JOHN LESLIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARDING OR PREPARING TEXTILE MATERIALS," a communication from
A. Sentis & Sons, foreigners residing abroad, to be as follows, that is
to say:
This Invention relates essentially to the so arranging carding engines used
in the preparation of various classes of fibrous or textile materials that the top
rollers of the main cylinder or carding drum, which act upon the fibrous or
textile materials in their passage round the cylinder, revolve at different rates,
that is to say, that the carding roller nearest the taking-in side runs at the
slowest rate of the series, whilst the roller nearest the delivering side runs at
the quickest rate of the series. Between these two rollers the relative speeds
are arranged on the continuously accelerative principle, the speed of revolution
of each roller being so arranged that No. 2 roller runs at a higher rate. than
No. 1, and No. 3 roller at a proportionately higher rate than No. 2, and so on
throughout the series. The effect of this arrangement is, that whilst there is
less waste of raw material, the carding is more efficiently performed than in
the common carding engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE PASSENGERS ASCENDING TO AND DESCENDING FROM THE ROOFS OF OMNIBUSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Curtis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1857.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH CURTIS, of Crown Court, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE PASSENGERS ASCENDING TO AND
DESCENDING FROM THE ROOFS OF OMNIBUSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to facilitato
passengers ascending to and descending from the roofs of omnibuses. For
these purposes a ladder is applied to the back or other suitable part of an
omnibus, in such manner that it may, when out of use, be attached to the hinder
part of the omnibus in an upright position, the lower end being off the ground;
but when about to be used, by a very slight effort of the conductor, the ladder
is caused to assume an inclined position, when the lower end thereof comes to
the ground. The ladder is attached to the upper part of the roof by two slots
or suitable instruments to admit of the upper part of the ladder rising and
falling, and yet be retained connected to the omnibus; and there are two
radius rods or links lower down the ladder, which, being pin-jointed to the
sides of the ladder and to the omnibus, control the distance which the lower
end of the ladder is allowed to project from the omnibus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID, AND IN OBTAINING SALTS OF AMMONIA THEREBY
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August,
1857.
I, PETER SPENCE, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID, AND IN OBTAINING SALTS OF AMMONIA
THEREBY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the sulphurous acid and other gases
escaping from the chambers employed in the manufacture of sulphuric acid
to pass through a vessel into which ammoniacal gas water is introduced, so as
to mingle with the said gases and effect their decomposition or combination.
By these means I obtain sulphate or sulphite of ammonia, which may be
employed in the manufacture of alum or for other purposes, avoiding at the
same time the escape of sulphurous acid, and sulphuretted hydrogen. The
decomposing chamber I supply with coke or other such substance, in order to
gain an extended surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEPHERDS' CROOKS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Tanton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1857.
I, JOSEPH TANTON, of Frederick Street, Caledonian Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Veterinary Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEPHERDS' CROOKS," to be as follows:-
A shepherd's crook consists of a hook adapted for taking hold of a sheep's
leg, fitted to the end of a long staff or handle, by which the shepherd uses it
and is enabled to catch hold of a sheep thereby. In taking hold of sheep by
the crook, it often happens that the leg of the sheep gets injured and some-
times even broken from the rigid nature of the crook and staff. Now, my
improvement consists in connecting the crook to the staff or handle by means
of a short thick piece of india-rubber, which is sufficiently stiff to sustain the
book as if it were a rigid staff, and at the same time is sufficiently flexible to
allow of the hook being deflected in any direction, and also permits of a
twisting action between the staff and the crook, so that no matter how the
sheep may twist or flounder about after it is caught hold of by the leg (the
shepherd at the same time holding on by the staff), it cannot injure itself
while being so held.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clarance Brazil and William
Nicholas Crummack at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th February 1857.
We, CLARANCE BRAZIL and WILLIAM NICHOLAS CRUMMACK, of Chorley, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to a method of bringing the shuttles of rising
box looms into required positions; for this purpose we connect the pegged
barrel, jacquard, or other such apparatus (which we can also use for shedding
the warp) to the rising box, by levers or equivalent mechanical instruments,
and by means of which the said box is elevated the whole lift at each period
of action. To the aforesaid pegged barrel, jacquard, or other such apparatus
we also connect a series of stops, which being thus made moveable may arrive
into suitable positions for determining the position of a shuttle.
Secondly, our Invention refers to a method of actuating the taking-up
motion, so as to cause it to progress at different 'rates, in order to produce a
fabric varying in closeness of texture, and with which a fine and coarse weft
thread may be used. For this purpose we employ two or more driving or
taking-up apparatus, which may separately be brought into action, or removed

page_text: at pleasure by the action of the machine. We also so arrange the said
driving apparatus that it may be altogether removed from action, so as to pre-
vent the taking-up for a required number of picks, in order that the reed may
act more effectually upon the thicker. threads; and, as a means for effecting
these objects we employ the jacquard, pegged barrel, or other such apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Hope at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1857. A communication from Harriet Smith, late widow and executrix
of E. P. Woolrich, of Canada, North America.
I, LEWIS HOPE, of Bishopsgate Churchyard, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of paper,
and the improvements consist in applying the inner bark of birch and maple
trees in such manufacture. These trees are found very extensively in Canada,
as well as in other countries, and very large quantities of the wood of such trees
are used in Canada for fuel, the bark (both the inner and outer) being thrown
away as refuse. The Inventor has ascertained that the inner bark of these
trees may with peculiar advantage be converted into paper by ordinary processes
heretofore resorted to in preparing other fibrous materials for paper making.