Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1896-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
1, WILLIAM BOWDEN of Victoria Buildings, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Secretary, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres having pneumatic tubes or air-tight
linings to which are attached in their vulnerable parts bands or facings of elastic
indiarubber and fabric the indiarubber of which bands is under longitudinal
compression, and has for its object improvements in the process or method by
which such bands are produced, in order to obtain greater compression of the
elastic material and greater facility in production.
The purpose served by the application to pneumatic tubes of bands of elastic
indiarubber held in a compressed state is that when the air-tube or air-tight lining
is punctured through the compressed elastic indiarubber, the puncture immediately
closes up and prevents the escape of the confined compressed air.
According to this invention compression is given to a specially formed strip or
band of elastic india rubber, first, by preventing one face or side from stretching by
cementing thereto an inextensible backing or facing of fabric, and second by so
forming the band that when distorted from its normal state of form in a particular
way, the free and opposite face of the band being longer than that of the covered
face, the substance at the free face is compelled to condense in order to occupy the
same or a lesser length of space, by which the property of closing up a puncture
imparted to the band or strip is obtained.
The elastric strip is produced from a tube of clastic vulcanised indiarubber of
suitable size and thickness which is placed upon a mandrel and cut through by
suitable means in a helical manner or direction, so that the tube is removed from
the mandrel in the form of a helical strip. The tube may be first formed upon a
canvas or fabric backing or lining so that the inside face of the tube, or, when cut,
the strip shall not stretch. But it is preferable to render this inside face
This is done by
inextensible after forming the elastic strip from the tube.
winding an extensible strip of suitable fabric upon a preferably thinner mandrel
to the one upon which the tube was formed, cementing the outer face of this fabric
strip and also the inner face of the helical strip and then winding the latter upon
the fabric covered mandrel and binding the same down until the cement is set.
The helical composite band or fabric faced strip may be then removed, and when
dressed so applied and cemented to the pneumatic tube or air-tight lining that the
fabric strip lies between the elastic face of the compound band and the head or
outer surface of the tyre, the compound band applied in such manner having its
elastic surface in a compressed state.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
I, WILLIAM BOWDEN of Merlewood, Wardle Road, Sale in the County of
Chester, late of Victoria Buildings, Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Managing Director of a Limited Company do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres having pneumatic tubes or airtight
linings to which are attached in their vulnerable parts bands or facings of elastic
indiarubber and fabric, the indiarubber of which bands is under longitudinal
compression, and consists in further improvements in the process or method for
producing such bands described in the Specification for Patent No. 14519
A.D. 1895, in order to obtain greater facility in the production of the bands.
The purpose served by the application to pneumatic tubes of bands of elastic
indiarubber held in a compressed state, is that when the air-tube or air tight lining
is punctured through the compressed elastic india-rubber, the puncture immediately
closes up and prevents the escape of the confined compressed air.
According to this invention compression is obtained in an elastic indiarubber
circular or endless band by first cutting a strip to form a band from a tube
considerably less in diameter than that of the band when completed, cementing
inextensible fabric to the inner face of the strip when in its normal state of form,
then joining together the ends of the strip to form the circular band in which the
inextensible fabric is outwardly disposed.
The indiarubber face of the strip is longer than the fabric covered face owing to
its being the outer surface of the tube when in its normal state: when reversed and
the ends jointed together, it is forced into a smaller circumferential space than that
occupied by the fabric covered face consequently the elastic indiarubber of the
band is compelled to condense by which the property of closing up a puncture so
imparted to the band or strip is obtained in a similar degree as by the process of
making compressed bands described in the aforesaid specification.
The drawings attached hereunto illustrate the method of forming the band and
obtaining compression in the elastic portion thereof.
Figure 1 illustrates a mandrel having an elastic indiarubber tube thereon and
manner in which the band or strip is formed from the tube.
Figure 2 is an end view of the tube previous to cutting and Figure 3 a similar
view after cutting.
Figure 4 represents a diagrammatic view of the band partly wound off the 3
mandrel shewing the degree and direction of compression obtained.
Figure 5 represents a section of an air tube of a tyre having a detachable tread
part, fitted with the compressed indiarubber band.
Figure 6 represents a similar view of a single tube tyre so fitted.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4-a tube of elastic vulcanised indiarubber a is 4
formed upon an inextensible lining of fabric such as canvas or canvas hose.
compound tube so formed is drawn upon a mandrel c and cut through in a helical
The
direction by a suitable cutter. The mandrel and tube are placed in the centres
of a lathe or other suitable machine and rotated against a travelling knife or cutter
or the knife or cutter may itself rotate.
direction of the cut.
The helical lines d indicate the t
The strip or baud so formed is removed from the mandrel
and the curvature thereof reversed so that the fabric faced side lies outwardly.
The ends are joined together and the circular band so formed is secured to the air
tube of a tyre in the position indicated in Figure 5, by suitable cement or india-
rubber in solution.
In its coiled state the india rubber is not in compression but upon straightening.
out the coils the outer or elastic surface a' of the coils which is longer than the
50

page_text: surface secured to the fabric, and which cannot stretch on account of the fabric
being inextensible, is compressed in assuming the length determined by the fabric,
and when the curvature of the band is reversed the surface a³ is still further
shortened or compressed. This is illustrated in Fig. 4 which represents an end
view of the mandrel b having a coil of the band a thereon and a continuation a*
from the coil, of the band having the curvature reversed. The spaces x, x, between
the radial lines are on the outer surface of the coils more extensive than the
spaces between the same radial lines on the surface a when the band after
vulcanisation is in its normal state. When however the curvature is reversed as
indicated at a the spaces all on the surface a³ of the band are seen to be less
extensive than those on the surface a which remain constant.
Figure 5 illustrates the compressed band a, b, applied to the exterior of the air
tube e and nearest to the tread of the tyre. In this case the indiarubber face of
the band is cemented to the air tube.
In Figure 6, which illustrates a single tube tyre in cross section the compressed
band is cemented with its fabric faced side to the inside surface of the air-tube or
air tight lining and also nearest to the tread of the tyre.
In place of cutting the strip or band from a compound tube of indiarubber and
fabric I sometimes produce a tube of elastic vulcanised indiarubber, draw it on to
a mandrel and then cut in a helical direction in a similar manner. A strip of
suitable inextensible fabric coated with cement and of suitable width is wound
helically upon a preferably smaller mandrel. The helically cut tube or band is
removed from its mandrel cemented upon its inner surface and rewound upon the
fabric and held or bound in position until the two surfaces have adhered firmly
together. Afterwards this compound band is removed from the mandrel and
applied to the air tube or air tight lining in the manner hereinbefore set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
clain is :-
First. The method of producing from a tube a band of elastic indiarubber and
fabric the elastic part of which is compressed longitudinally by reversing the
curvature of the band from that of the tube from which it is produced substantially
as and for the purpose described herein before and as illustrated in the drawings.
Second. The method of obtaining longitudinal compression in a band of elastic
indiarubber and inextensible fabric by first producing an elastic indiarubber tube
upon an inextensible lining of suitable fabric then cutting the tube helically into a
strip, reversing the curvature of the strip and attaching it to the air tube or air
tight lining of a tyre so that the inextensible fabric lies between the compressed
indiarubber and the tread of the tyre substantially as and for the purpose described
hereinbefore and as illustrated in the drawings.
Third. The method of producing a longitudinally compressed indiarubber band
by cutting an indiarubber tube helically cementing the inside of the cut strip to a
band of inextensible fabric lapped helically upon a mandrel and then reversing the
curvature of the combined strip and attaching it to the airtube or airtight lining
of a tyre so that the inextensible fabric lies between the compressed indiarubber
and the tread of the tyre substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
lescribed.
Fourth. The combination with a pneumatic tyre or tube of a band forming and
applied in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated and for the purpose
et forth.
Dated the 11th day of July 1896.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 6, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.