Improvements in Centrifugal Separating-apparatus.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Separating-apparatus.
I, IVAR PETER BAGGER KNUDSEN, of 96, Vestervoldgade, Copenhagen, Denmark,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In centrifugal apparatus for the separation of substances of different specific
gravities, there was first employed a common working-space. This working-
space, for the purpose of increasing the efficiency, was provided later on with
inserted guide-walls for the liquid, in order to effect an easier separation of the
different substances.
All the earlier and more recent constructions however, have the disadvantage
that it is impossible to prevent the several particles of liquid from crossing one
another.
Now, according to the present invention, this drawback is obviated by dividing
the working-space into a number of annular centrifugal chambers, each of which
forms an independent centrifugal device but all of which are characterized by the
fact that when seen in vertical cross section, their side walls diverge from the inlet-
apertures and approach each other again only in the vicinity of the exit-apertures,
so that the exit-apertures of the first centrifugal chamber or chambers, constitute
the inlet-apertures for the next centrifugal chambers, or they open into or towards
the same, and so on.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 shows, in cross section, an annular
centrifugal chamber formed according to this invention;
Fig. 2 shows a vertical central section through a centrifugal drum in which the
working-space is divided in the manner above described; and
Fig. 3 shows a section according to the line x y of Fig. 1.
As shown, each separate centrifugal chamber widens out from the inlet-apertures a
to the outlet-apertures b and c, its walls diverging more and more from each other,
whilst its shape beyond the exit-apertures is immaterial for the object of this
invention, so that, e.g., its walls may be even broken off behind the exit-apertures.
It is obvious that it is not necessary that the section of the centrifugal ring be
round, so long as it have in cross section a form such that its walls diverge from the
inlet-apertures towards the outlet-apertures b and c.
In the series centrifugal apparatus shown in Fig. 2, the working space of the
centrifugal drum is divided into annular centrifugal chambers of the kind described
but of two different shapes. In the centrifugal chambers of both kinds the outlet-
apertures b and c of one centrifugal chamber form, open towards, or communicate
with, the inlet-apertures a of the next centrifugal chamber.
The centrifugal chambers may, if desired, be divided-for example, by means of
vanes, similar to the well known carrier vanes-in such a manner that instead of
entire rings or annulii of liquid, partial rings are produced.
The liquid which is to be split up is, in the case of the example shown in Fig: 2,
introduced through the hollow axle, and is guided under the several centrifugal
chambers, into which it passes, in which it is split up, and whence it is delivered to

page_text: the adjacent chambers for further treatment until the completely separated parts
finally collect, the heavier parts nearest to the periphery, and the lighter parts near
to the centre, whence they are discharged.
In order completely to obviate crossing the inlet-apertures are arranged to
alternate as shown in Fig. 3, in such a manner that the inlet-apertures a and the
outlet-apertures b and c of each separato centrifugal space, are each situated in a
separate plane radial to the axis of rotation. In the same manner the inlet-
apertures may be arranged or alternate respectively for the heavier and lighter
particles of liquid, whereby all crossing of the streams or currents will be rendered
impossible.
For the sake of clearness, the inlet and outlet apertures a, b, and c are not shown
as alternating in Figs. 1 and 2.
I, IVAR PETER BAGGER KNUDSEN, of 96, Vestervoldgade, Copenhagen, Denmark,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In centrifugal apparatus for the separation of substances of different specific
gravities, there was first employed a common working-space. This working-space
for the purpose of increasing the efficiency, was provided later on with inserted
guide-walls for the liquid, in order to effect an easier separation of the different
substances.
All the earlier and more recent constructions however, have the disadvantage
that it is impossible to prevent the several particles of liquid from crossing one
another.
Now, according to the present invention, this drawback is obviated by dividing
the working-space into a number of annular centrifugal chambers, each of which
forms an independent centrifugal device but all of which are characterized by the
fact that when seen in vertical cross section, their side walls diverge from the
inlet-apertures and approach each other again only in the vicinity of the exit-
apertures, so that the exit-apertures of the first centrifugal chamber or chambers,
constitute the inlet-apertures for the next centrifugal chambers, or they open into
the same, and so on.
In the drawings filed with my provisional specification, Fig. 1 shows, in cross
section, an annular centrifugal chamber formed according to this invention;
Fig. 2 shows a vertical central section through a centrifugal drum in which the
working-space is divided in the manner above described; and
Fig. 3 shows a section according to the line x y of Fig. 1.
As shown, each separate centrifugal chamber widens out from the inlet-apertures a
to the outlet-apertures b and c, or their vicinity, its walls diverging more and more
from each other, whilst its shape beyond the exit-apertures is immaterial for the
object of this invention, so. that, e.g., its walls may be even broken off at or behind
the exit-apertures.
It is obvious that it is not necessary that the section of the centrifugal ring be
round, so long as it have in cross section a form such that its walls diverge from
the inlet-apertures a towards the outlet-apertures b and c.

page_text: In the series centrifugal apparatus shown in Fig. 2, the working-space of the
centrifugal drum is divided into annular centrifugal chambers of the kind described
but of two different shapes. In the centrifugal chambers of both shapes the
outlet-apertures b and c of one centrifugal chamber form the inlet-apertures a of the
next centrifugal chamber.
The centrifugal chambers may, if desired, be divided-for example by means of
vanes, similar to the well known carrier vanes-in such a manner that instead of
entire rings or annuli of liquid, partial rings are produced.
The liquid which is to be split up is, in the case of the example shown in Fig. 2,
introduced through the hollow axle, and is guided under the several centrifugal
chambers, into which it passes, in which it is split up, and whence it is delivered
to the adjacent chambers for further treatment until the completely separated
parts finally collect, the heavier parts nearest to the periphery, and the lighter
parts near to the centre, whence they are discharged.
In order completely to obviate crossing, the inlet-apertures are arranged to
alternate as shown in Fig. 3, in such a manner that the inlet-apertures a and the
outlet-apertures b and c of each separate centrifugal chamber, are each situated in
a separate plane radial to the axis of rotation. Inlet apertures a for the heavier
and lighter particles of liquid may, as shown in Fig. 3, be arranged at different
distances from the axis of rotation, whereby all crossing of the streams or currents
will be rendered impossible.
For the sake of clearness, the inlet and outlet apertures a, b, and c are not shown
as alternating in Figs. 1 and 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A centrifugal separating-apparatus in which the operating-space consists of
a number of independently operating centrifugal chambers which are arranged
above, below, and around one another, and whose side walls diverge from each
other from the inlet-apertures and converge again, or are broken off, only near to
at or behind the outlet-apertures, which constitute, open towards, or communicate
with, the inlet-apertures of the next several centrifugal chambers.
2. A centrifugal separating-apparatus according to Claim 1, in which the inlet-
apertures of each centrifugal chamber are arranged in radial planes other than
those in which the outlet-apertures thereof are arranged, and in which the inlet-
apertures are arranged in different radial planes and in two sets at different
distances therefror for the heavier and the lighter particles of liquid respectively.
3. A centrifugal separating-chamber constructed substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings
referred to.
4. A centrifugal separating-drum constructed and arranged substantially as
herein before described with reference to and shown in Fig. 1, 2, and 3 of the
drawings referred to.
Dated this 21st fl
1000
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.