Articles over Candles.
Year: 1887

page_text: -
Date of Application, 30th June, 1887
Complete Left, 7th Dec., 1887.
: Complete Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1888
other Articles over Candles.
We JOHN FREDERICK MARCHANT of 59 Berners Street Oxford Street in the
County of Middlesex Wax Chandler trading as "Marchant & Son" and JAMES STARK
BROWNE of 186 Piccadilly in the County of Middlesex Lamp Maker do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to means for supporting paper and other like shades of
ornamental character, and other articles over the flame of a candle in such manner
that, during the consumption of the material of the candle by the flame of the
combustion, the proper relative position of the paper shade or other article similarly
held on the candle over such flame is preserved without the inconvenience of having
to manipulate spring nipping or other parts and shift the same from time to time
down the candle as the point of combustion becomes lower, besides which these latter
plans have the drawback that the focal point never remains long in correct relation to
the supported article.
In carrying out our invention we find it most convenient to construct our supports
of thin light metal which may be plated for beauty and to protect them from corrosion
or promote durability.
The lower part of the holder or that part which constitutes the foundation of the
shade holder or support we form as two concentric part tubes or cylinders the one
part tube being located and held securely within the other and outer part tube leaving
air space in between the two tubes. This inner tube is adapted to be passed over and
onto a candle quite easily or loosely so as not to impede its sliding down thereon by
the friction of the tube. The inner tube and the outer tube are connected to each
other and retained correctly concentric by solder, rivets, asbestos, or other suitable
connecting and separating means leaving passages or space for the passage of air
between the inuer and the outer cylinders.
The outer cylinder we hy preference form with a series of perforations of suitably
small size and disposed more or less over the whole surface the more effectually to
ensure passage of air to the inner cylinder to keep it cool.
Between the inner and outer cylinders may be inserted or formed series of tubes or

page_text: the outer cylinder may be corrugated either in a direction vertically inclined or
otherwise, or the inner tube may be similarly fluted or combinations of the modification
of the cylinders may be adopted.
Towards the upper part of and secured to, the concentric double cylinder are
provided a series of wires, or it may be teeth or equivalent inwardly projecting parts,
which wires by reason of their being turned inwards take a hold or bearing on the
upper edge of the candle and thereby retain the combined cylinders from slipping too
far down the candle or bringing the suspended paper shade or article into undesired
relation to the flame but as the flame consumes away the candle these prongs or
supports hanging onto the wall of the melted matter descend with the wasting of the
candle. The current of air induced by the warmth passes up between the two
cylinders and aids correct operation.
From the sides of the double cylinders spring arms or standards which serve to
carry the ring, top frame or piece which serves to support the paper shade or other
article.
Whenever, as in some cases it may be, it is desirable to render the inner cylinder
adaptable to more than one size of candle, that cylinder may be made adjustable
automatically to a candle as to its internal diameter by forming it of a sheet of spring
material either wholly or at top and bottom so as to be capable of being opened or
closed and retained adjusted by a catch or stop.
For candles composed of a material so readily melted as is ordinary paraffine candle
composition the construction of support described will be found particularly convenient
and useful.
t
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Supporting Shades or
other Articles over Candles.
JOHN FREDERICK MARCHANT 59 Berners Street W. Candle Merchant and JAMES
STARK BROWNE 186 Piccadilly London W. Candle Merchant do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
То
Our invention relates to means employed to support shades or screens in paper or
other decorative materials over the Hame of a candle in such manner that while the
candle burns the relative positions of the shade & the flame remain the same.
obtain this result we propose to make our shade holders in brass silver or other
suitable materials the lower part consisting of two or more concentric tubes placed
one inside the other in such a manner & and at such a distance from each other that a
free current of air is allowed to pass between them. The object of this being to keep
the inner tube marked 1 on the drawing which is the one that touches the candle as
cool as possible so that the heat shall not be transmitted to the candle & and the same
rendered soft & liable to bend. We can also obtain the saine result but in a lesser
degree by making the inner tube Fig. 1 B of fluted instead of straight material, the
outer concentric tube Fig. 1. A we perforate or pierce with some neat pattern of fretwork
Fig. 2 A in order to allow the air to still more freely circulate around the inner tube
& also to give the whole holder an appearance at once neat & light. We make the
inner tube by preference moveable instead of a fixture so that it can be readily
removed to be cleaned or repaired, and the lower edge of the tube Fig. 2 B we
slightly curve outwards in order to act as a guard to throw away from the candlo
any wax or grease that may gutter down. At the top of the two concentric tubes &
fixed on to one of them, by preference the innor one are three or more thin hard wires
of metal or other suitable material Fig. 1 C placed in such a position as to rest on
the top of the candle, sinking slightly into it & descending as the candle burns, but in
such a way as to prevent the flame or heat of the candle coming into contact with the
main body of the shade holder and making it hot. The current of air produced by
the heat of the flame draws the cold air between the concentric tubes both from the
bottom of the holder and through the perforated outer tube, and so aids in the regular
working of the shade holder on the candle. From the sides of the outer tube and
springing from it rise two or more uprights Fig. 2 D carrying on their tops a ring of
metal of suitable shape Fig. 2 E on which rests the shade. For candles composed of
materials so soft as the paraffin ordinarily employed the shade holder which is the
subject of our invention, on account of its cool air chamber, and its resting on the
candle by wires only and preventing the transmission of much heat to the candle is
particularly advantageous.

page_text: A represents the outer concentric tube.
B the inner moveable tube with lower edge of same slightly curved outwards.
C the wires which come in contact with the candle.
D the upright supports which carry metal ring.
E the ring on which shade rests.
Having thus described the nature of our invention and the manner of applying it
we claim,
1st. The use of the two or more concentric tubes, the outer one of which Fig. 1 A
is perforated and the inner one marked Fig. 1 B moveable.
2nd. The use of wire claws marked Figure 2C to rest on the candle sinking with
it as the candle burns in order to minimise the transmission of heat from the flame to
the candle.
3rd. The curving outwards of the lower edge of the inner tube marked Figuro 2 B in
order to throw off the grease that may gutter down and which would otherwise stick
to the candle and impede the descent of the shade holder.
JOHN FREDERICK MARCHANT.
JAMES STARK BROWNE.