Improved Composition or Concrete Flooring for Stables, Public Baths, Slaughter Houses, and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 25th Oct., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Composition or Concrete Flooring for Stables, Public
Baths, Slaughter Houses, and the like.
I, JOHANN JUNGBLUTH of Cologne in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The invention hereinafter described relates to a composition or concrete flooring for
stables, public and other baths, slaughter houses and the like and has for its object to
fulfil all the conditions which may be expected from such flooring. These conditions
are that the flooring should be firm, clean and dry, that it should allow sewer or drain
water to run off readily while treading or walking thereon and with regard to stables
the comfortable lying down of horses should not be prevented or interfered with.
The salient feature of the composition flooring hereinafter described is the use of
sloping or drain channels or gutters to receive the running off water or liquid
sewerage, these channels being wide below and narrow at the top while in some cases
they have such a form that even when the material of the flooring adheres as tightly
as possible thereto only a small opening or slot of this channel is visible. This opening
is protected by special means so as not to become closed or clogged.
These outlet channels, drains or gutters are, according to the method hereinafter
explained, formed in the flooring or built therein in such a manner that they increase
uniformly on the sloping side and lead to the main sewer. These channels are further
opened in their uppermost part so that branch conduits of a corresponding water
supply can be conveyed thereto for the purpose of flushing the channels.
The latter are further provided on their inner sides with projecting edges in such a
manner that the drain water or liquid sewerage can easily drip through and that the
same is prevented from sinking in the flooring.
The above mentioned outlet or drain channels are either built with the material of
the flooring which consists for this purpose of two strong layers a lower and an upper
layer which are prevented from moving relatively to one another by means of peculiar
projecting edges and corresponding openings or grooves, or can be built separately
of any suitable material and so enclosed in the flooring composed of stone or cement
or prepared in any other manner that the water running off may entirely pass into
the main channel.
To facilitate the outflow of water the composition flooring is built in some cases like
a roof at its upper edge and towards the channels, so that while the flooring can be trod
or walked upon and serve as a comfortable lying down place or bed for the animal,
the flow of water may be promoted as far as possible. Two modes or methods of
carrying out the object of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings
in which Figs. 1 to 4 shew one of these methods according to which the drain
channels or gutters are formed in the flooring proper, that is to say, between its upper
and lower layer. Figs. 5 to 9 on the contrary shew a second method in which the
drain channels are built separately and are cut in the ground in the ordinary manner
before the flooring is laid on. Fig. 1 in the first arrangement shews an upper and a
lower view of the flooring; Fig. 2 is a side view of Fig. 1; Figure 3 is a section on
line of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a detail of the two stony layers used and serving to form
the flooring.
In the flooring illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 the upper stones a and lower stones h are
of peculiar form and are peculiarly connected with one another in such a manner as
to form drain conduits or channels F which have the required depth and are wider at
the bottom than at the top. The stones of the lower layer have a suitable shape
and are made of cement, slag sand or the like, they may however be formed of burnt
clay. The stones a of the upper layer are made of a mass consisting essentially of

page_text: sharp sand, powdered basalte, lava slags or other mixture of readily obtainable or
inferior stone or cement mixed in suitable proportions, such mass being cast in
suitable moulds after having been previously moistened with a small quantity of
water having a temperature of about 12° C. while its surface is covered with an
upper layer about 1 to 2 centimetres thick.
The substance forming this top or covering layer contains, besides the above
mentioned materials which are incorporated therewith, a suitable addition of iron
turnings or shavings and impure sugar. This addition renders the upper surface of
the stones particularly hard and capable of withstanding the action of water and
liquid sewerage after the same has been dried in the open air. The stones of the
lower layer can likewise be provided on their surface with a similar protecting
layer.
The stones of the lower layer have for their object to form one of the arches of
the drain conduits as well as to hold the upper stones in their corresponding
position and are for this purpose provided with protuberances in the longitudinal
direction of the channel F. The drain channels F are formed with a suitable inclina-
tion for water and liquid sewerage.
The lower stones are placed over a suitable length and in regular joints in a
layer of sand R the stones being provided at their ends with projections P fitting in
corresponding cavities of the adjacent stones. The lower stones are joined adjacently
at by means of mortar or asphalt. The protuberances N and O arranged on the
lower stones parallel to the drain channel F serve as a connection with the upper
stones a which are laid in rows upon a foundation of fine well strained sand in the drain
channel F formed of the lower stones. The upper stones a are of such dimensions
that between each two rows of stones, an interval or opening b is left through which
the water or liquid sewerage may pass into the corresponding drain channels F.
From the channel F the water runs in a sewer arranged in the centre of the stalls
or otherwise. The two abutting sides of the stones a are connected together by
means of cement or asphalt and thus rendered watertight. The flat surface of the
lower stones / towards the drain channels F and the corresponding inclination of the
upper stones a as well as the arrangement owing to which the upper stones a project
with their edge y somewhat beyond the walls of the channel F formed thereunder,
cause the water or liquid sewerage to be conveyed readily within the latter, with-
out such liquid being allowed between or above the foundations.
Suitable branches of a water supply pipe k lead to the higher portion of the
drain channels F and by these means the latter can be flushed whenever required.
In the arrangement shewn in Figs. 5 to 9 the drain channels F¹ are constructed
separately of suitable material such as iron, clay or cement, whereby contrary wise
to the arrangement shewn in Figs. 1 to 4, the said channels are rendered portable.
These channels are deepened and widened from beginning to end, and are laid in
the ground, the composition flooring being arranged around the same with the aid of
layers of concrete. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a drain pipe F¹ sectioned in a
longitudinal direction. Fig. 6 is a cross section of the same drain pipe in front of
the chief opening of the drain pipe into the main sewer. Fig. 7 is a cross section of
the drain pipe immediately in front of the mouth of the water supply pipe. Fig. 8
is a top view of the flooring and Fig. 9 a cross section thereof.
The previously laid drain pipes F are embedded at a suitable inclination in a
foundation of fine and well strained sand the space between the same being first
filled with a layer B¹ of concrete. Upon this concrete B¹ is arranged the top or
covering layer C¹ composed of any suitable material such as bricks, cement concrete,
wood, clay plates, asphalt, building stones and the like, this being effected in such a
manner that the same forms a roof towards the drain pipes F¹ and is somewhat
raised at thus having only a slight inclination for the sewerage or other liquids.
The flooring before mentioned as well as that shewn in Figs. 1 to 4, is not
inclined in the direction of the drain channels or pipes but is horizontal, having
merely a small inclination as it leads into the said channels or pipes. The latter have
also the characteristic edge y' shewn in Figs. 1 to 4 which greatly facilitates the

page_text: drainage of the liquid and is terminated at the top by a slot for receiving the out-
flowing liquid. This slot may also be covered as shewn in Figs. 6, 7 and 9 with a
T-iron d lying loosely thereon and affording sufficient passage for the liquid.
In the arrangement shewn in Figs. 5 to 9 the drainage water runs also in a common
main sewer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A composition flooring for stables, public or other baths, slaughter houses and
the like characterised by the use of drain channels of tapering section which are
slotted at the top in a longitudinal direction are provided laterally with projections y, y¹
for the ready drainage of the water and are so laid in the said flooring that the
latter does not slope as hitherto practised in the longitudinal direction of the drain
channels but it is inclined laterally towards each pair of drain channels being con-
sequently horizontal in such longitudinal direction.
2. In composition flooring of the kind set forth the drain channels formed of lower
stones which are provided at their upper edges with inclined protuberances NO and
with inner cavities running in a longitudinal direction, and of upper stones a laid
thereon, and connected therewith by means of a layer of sand the latter stones being
held in place by the former and forming, in the direction of the drain channels of
the lower stones, small intervals or passages 6 allowing the water or liquid sewerage
to be readily drained off.
3. A composition flooring of the kind mentioned in claim 1 formed with separate
drain pipes F and of clay, iron, cement or other suitable material which pipes are
embedded in sand, surrounded by a layer B¹ of concrete and covered by the ground
layer C formed of bricks, cement concrete, wood, clay plates, asphalt, building stones
and the like in such a manner as to form a sloping back towards two adjoining
drain pipes.
4. In the composition flooring claimed above the use of T-irons d¹ which are
loosely laid in the slot 6' of the drain pipes and serve as a cover therefor.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of August 1890.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.