Apparatus for Converting Solar Heat into Continuous Power.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 8th July, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Converting Solar Heat into Continuous Power.
I, MELVIN LINWOOD SEVERY, Manufacturer, of 567 Tremont Street, Boston, in
the County of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The main object of this invention is to provide an apparatus whereby a con-
tinuous and automatically acting power may be obtained from the sun for mechanical
and industrial purposes. Another of the important objects of the invention is to
utilize the power derived from the sun to move automatically the parts of the
apparatus during the interruption of solar energy.
Owing to changes in the diathermal conditions of the atmosphere the power
obtainable directly from the solar heat is variable, and therefore cannot be relied
upon to give the requisite continuous movement to machinery. But if the power
thus obtained can be stored and automatically set in action upon the interruption
of the solar energy, a source of power will be available at all times, independent of
that directly obtained from the heat receiver.
.
The accomplishment of this object constitutes an important feature of the present.
invention.
This invention is embodied in the mechanism, and in the combination, arrange-
ment and operation of parts hereinafter fully set forth and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
The stored power, as shown in this case, consists of water pumped into a reservoir,
by means of a steam pump, operated by steam from the boiler in the focus of the
concentrating device; but any other stored power can be used, as for example,
electricity stored in a storage battery, and obtained from a dynamo, operated by a
steam engine, which is supplied with steam from the boiler.
It is also shown that when it is not necessary to operate the steam pump for
supplying water to the reservoir, the steam from the boiler is automatically diverted
to another steam pump, and when the supply of steam from the boiler is
interrupted, the water in the reservoir is automatically supplied to operate still
another pump so that a continuous pumping or any other movement can be obtained
independent of variations or interruptions in the power directly obtained from the
heat of the sun.
Referring to the drawings,
Fig. 1 is a view of the apparatus in elevation.
Fig. 2 is a rear view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a view of the mechanism effecting the movement of the slide valve.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the valve which regulates the supply of water to the
water motor and of part of the pipe carrying this water.
Fig. 5 is a view in elevation of this valve.
Fig. 6 is a view in perspective of part of this valve mechanism.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the valve which controls the supply of steam to the
pumps.
Fig. 8 is another sectional view of the same.
Fig. 9 is a view of part of the mechanism operated by the train of clock-work.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of the water motor.
Fig. 11 is an isometrical view of the device supporting the reflector, and
Fig. 12 is a side view of the same.
Fig. 13 is an isometric view of the beat receiver showing the glass shield which

page_text: Fig. 14 is a sectional view of the heat receiver and glass shell on the line X X,
Fig. 13.
In these several figures the same numerals refer to the same parts.
Referring to the drawing, 1 is a curved reflector for concentrating the rays of the
sun, and 2 is a longitudinal steam boiler supported in the focus of this reflector, and
moving with it. This reflector is attached to a horizontal trunnion 5, mounted
upon the supports 55, attached to the standard 53, and is therefore capable of
movement in a vertical plane. It is also pivotted upon a vertical rod 4, attached
to a suitable frame, and is thus rendered capable of movement in a horizontal plane.
The combination of these movements secure the parallelism of the axis of the
reflector with the rays of the sun at all times during the day, at all places and at
all seasons, that is to say, a proper movement of the reflector in accordance with
the apparent diurnal and annual movements of the sun.
The horizontal movement of the reflector can be effected by hand by means of
the hand wheel 75 on the shaft 82, which shaft has a screw thread thereon and
passes through a nut connected to the reflector as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, but the
other movement of the reflector is effected by mechanism operated by any suitable
power.
A convenient source of power for the purpose of operating the mechanism for
moving the reflector in accordance with the apparent diurnal movement of the sun,
is that derived from the flow of water stored in a suitable tank, and acting upon a
suitable water motor placed at a lower level than the tank, and in the apparatus
described in this application this source of power is used. 36 is a water motor,
shown more fully in Fig. 10. It consists of a suitable cylinder in which reciprocates
a suitable piston rod 17 and piston 17ª. The water passes by a pipe 37 into a
chamber 83, on the side of the cylinder, and from this chamber the water is
admitted alternately to opposite sides of the piston through suitable ports com-
municating with the cylinder at the top and bottom of the same respectively. In
a chamber 83 upon the side of the cylinder is a slide valve 84, of the ordinary
construction, having reciprocating motion, and acting to alternately open and close
the ports, and to establish communication between the discharge pipe and either
side of the piston. This slide valve is operated by mechanism which will be
hereinafter more fully described, so that when the piston has completed its upward
stroke, the port which admits water below the piston will be closed, and that which
admits water above the piston will be opened, and when the piston has completed
its downward stroke, the port admitting water above the piston will be closed, and
that admitting water below the piston will be opened. The water escapes from the
motor by the pipe 56, and the entrance to this pipe is covered by the slide valve,
and is put into communication with either side of the piston, according to the
position of the valve.
Upon the pistou rod 17 is a vertical rack-bar 17' which engages with a pinion 7,
on the shaft 19, and this pinion 7, engages with a toothed wheel 6, fixed on the
trunnion 5, and thus the vertical movement of the piston is made to give to the
reflector the movement necessary to maintain it constantly opposite to the sun in
accordance with the sun's apparent diurnal movement. The movement of the
reflector during the day-time is effected by a single upward movement of the piston,
while the reverse movement of the reflector during the night,-in order to bring it
back from its position facing the west on the setting of the sun, to a position facing
the east so as to be opposite the rising sun,-is effected by a single downward stroke
of the piston.
The change in the direction of the movement of the piston is effected by the
movement of the slide valve, and this valve is automatically operated on the com-
pletion of each stroke of the piston by the mechanism now to be described, and
shown in Fig. 1, and in an enlarged view in Fig. 3.
It is necessary that the movement of the slide valve should take place abruptly,
and when started, its movement must be fully completed, as in all valves. The
mechanism effecting this movement is constructed so as to accomplish this result.

page_text: The vertical rod 35, attached to the slide valve, is connected to an arm of a
horizontal lever 77, pivoted at 78 on the plate 8, and the other arm of this lever is
connected by a link 76, to a lever 11, which is pivoted at 79 to the plate 8, and
extends across the face of the bar 17 and is securely fastened to the centre of a
vertical helical spring 20. Attached to the lever 11, is a quadrant-shaped plate
having two notches, 80 and 81 on its periphery. Above and below the lever are
two bell crank levers and the longer arms 10 and 12 of each of these levers are
nearly parallel to the lever 11, and extend respectively across the face of the
bar 17b above and below the spring 20. To the shorter arms, 13 and 16, of these
bell crank levers, are pivoted respectively arms 14 and 15, which extend to the
quadrant-shaped plate, and one or the other of the arms enters a notch on the
quadrant, and one or the other bears against the periphery of the quadrant,
according to the position of the levers 10 and 12; the engagement of the arm in a
notch preventing the movement of the lever 11, and the consequent movement of
the slide valve, which, as before stated, is connected to the lever by the rod 35,
lever 77 and link 76.
Upon the face of the bar 17 are two pins or stops 21 and 22, at such a distance
from one another that when the piston has completed its upward stroke, the lower
pin 22, will hear against the arm 12, and compress the spring 20, and when the
piston has completed its downward stroke, the upper pin 21 will bear against the
arm 10, and again compress the spring 20. When the pin 22 bears against
the arm 12, the arm is moved upward, so that, by the corresponding outward move-
ment of the arm 16, the arm 15 is drawn out of the notch 80, in the quadrant-
shaped plate. The lever 11 is now free to move, so that, acted upon by the
compressed spring, it springs suddenly upward, and causes the connected rod 35 to
move downward, carrying with it the slide valve, with the effect that the lower
induction port is put into communication with the eduction port 56, and the upper
induction port is put into communication with the chamber 83 and the supply pipe.
The water, therefore, now escapes from below the piston, and at the same time
water flows into the space above the piston, causing the downward movement of
the same.
When the lever 11 moves, the quadrant-shaped piece attached thereto also moves
until arrested by the engagement of the end of the arm 14, in the notch 81, this
arm being forced into the notch by the action of the spring 9, tending to draw up
the arm 10.
When, on the completion of the downward stroke of the piston, the stop 21 bears
against the arm 10 this arm is forced down, the arın 14 withdrawn from the notch,
and by the action of the spring 20, the lever 11 is forced down, until arrested by the
engagement of the arm 15 in the notch 80, and the slide valve is drawn thus
permitting the escape of water from above the piston, and admitting water below
the piston.
up,
The mechanism which has been described, is presented as a convenient device for
accomplishing the desired result, but instead of this device, I can use any other
which will automatically effect the reversal of the movement of the motor, on the
completion of its movement in either direction.
The water which operates the water-motor is obtained from a tank 41, placed
sufficiently above the water-rotor to afford a head of water to operate the motor,
and this tank is filled from any suitable source by means of a pump operated by the
steam generated in the boiler by the heat of the sun. The water flows into the
water-motor from the tank 41, by means of the pipes 39 and 37, and the horizontal
pipe 25, connecting these pipes, and extending across the face of the reciprocating
rod 17.
It is necessary, in order that the reflector may always be maintained opposite the
sun, that this reflector should have a uniform rate of movement, and therefore, that
means be provided for correcting any acceleration or retardation in said movement.
A convenient mechanism which I use for this purpose will now be described.
33 is a train of clock-work attached to the standard 53. On the main arbor 34,

page_text: of this train, is a segmental toothed wheel 66, situated between two connected rack-
bars 64 and 65, having teeth opposite to one another. The teeth of the wheel 66,
on its rotation engage alternately with the teeth of the bars 64 and 65, thus
producing a reciprocating movement in the bar 27, to which the rack-bars 64
and 65 are attached.
The horizontal portion 25, of the water pipe, is connected respectively to the pipes 37
and 39 by ball joints 23 and 24, so that it is capable of rotation without escape of the
water, and in this pipe is a valve 26, by means of which the flow of water through the
pipe and to the motor is regulated. On the pipe or shaft 25, and turning with the same,
is a worm wheel 18, in which a worm on the shaft 19 engages. The pipe 25 is thus
caused to rotate in accordance with the movement of the reciprocating rack-bar 17.
Loosely mounted upon the pipe 25, by means of the collars 57, 57, is a toothed
wheel 58, and this toothed wheel is rotated by the action upon it of the rack-bar 27.
In the side of the wheel 58 is a slot 61, through which passes an arm 56, attached
to the stop-cock 26, said arm being narrower than the slot. The wheel 58 being
driven by the clock-work, rotates at a uniform rate, but the rate of rotation of the
shaft 25, is liable to acceleration or retardation. As long, however, as the shaft 25
and the wheel 58 rotate at the same rate, the arm 56 will not touch the sides of the
slot, but any difference of rates between the two, will cause the arm 56 to strike one
side or the other of the slot, thus opening or closing the valve 26, and increasing or
diminishing the amount of water admitted to the motor, thus accelerating or
retarding the rate of movement of the piston and rack-bar, until the shaft 25
rotates at the same rate as the wheel 58. Instead of an arm 56 and slot 61, any
other device which will accomplish the same result may be used.
I propose to effect the winding of the train of clock-work automatically, and to
this end there is, upon the pipe 25, a ratchet wheel 60, keyed to the pipe, and a
bevel wheel 28, loose upon the pipe. These two wheels are connected together by
a pawl 59. The bevel wheel 28, is geared to the winding arbor of the train of
clock-work by means of the bevel wheels 29, 31 and 32, and the shaft 30. During
the rotation of the pipe 25 in the day time, the pawl 59 slips over the teeth of the
ratchet wheel 60, but when the pipe rotates in the other direction during the
night, as before explained, the pawl 59 engages with the teeth of the ratchet
wheel and the bevel wheel 28 moves with the pipe 25, thus winding up the clock-
work.
The outside of the boiler or heat receiver 2, is preferably blackened for the
better absorption of heat. Said boiler or heat receiver is surrounded, excepting at
its supporting points, with a shell 85, composed of glass or any suitable material,
transparent to the rays of the sun but impervious to the invisible heat rays radiated
from the heated surface. Said shell, as shown in Figs. 13 and 14, is placed at a
suitable distance from said boiler or heat receiver to allow an air space 86, between
them.
By these means for preventing the radiation and loss of heat the efficiency of
the heat receiver is greatly augmented, the air space aiding materially in this
result.
It is important that this shell should completely surround the heat receiver,
excepting at the points of support, and that all joints in such shell should be sealed
with some non-conducting material, which will prevent the escape of heat. It is
also important that the space between such shell and said heat receiver should be
practically air tight.
As before stated, the tank 41, is filled by means of a steam pump operated by
the steam generated in the boiler 2. 51 is this steam pump, which is supplied with
steam through the pipes 38 and 50. Only a part of the steam generated in the
boiler is required to operate this steam pump, and the remainder of the steam can be
used for operating any other motor, as for example, another steam pump 52. In order
that this pump 52 may be supplied with steam, except at such times as it is necessary
to operate the steam pump 51, in order to maintain the proper amount of water in
the tank, a valve is located in the pipe 38, which is automatically operated through

page_text: suitable levers and rods 42, 43, and 46, by the action of a suitable float 45, in the
tank.
This valve is shown in detail in Figs. 7 and 8. It consists of a cylinder 62,
capable of partial rotation in a concentric cylinder 61, and traversed by a way 63,
which is partially funnel shaped. To the axis of the cylinder 62, is attached the
arm 47 which, as before stated, is connected by suitable levers and rods to the
float 45. Passing through the cylinder 61, are the pipes 38, 49 and 50. As long
as the level of the water in the tank remains above a certain point, the steam from
the boiler passes from the pipe 38, through the way 63, to the pipe 49, and thence
to the steam pump 52, but when the level of the water in the tank falls below a
certain point, the corresponding movement of the float 45, acting through the
levers 43 and 44, and the rod 46 and the arm 47, turns the cylinder 62, so that the
pipe 49 is closed, and the steam passes from the pipe 38 to the steam pump 51,
through the way 63 and pipe 50. The steam pump 51 now operates, and water is
supplied to the tank until the float moves sufficiently to again operate the valve so
that the steam will pass to the pump 52.
In order to prevent the valve 48 from acting under a slight movement of the
float, the lever 44 moves freely in a slot in the rod 46, the slot being of such length
that the float will not move the valve to start the pump 51 until the tank is
nearly empty, nor will it stop the supply of water to the tank until it is full.
Instead of two pumps, I can use one pump only, and can provide an arrangement
of pipes in connection with a valve operated by the movement of a float on the
water in the tank, so that when the water in the tank has reached a predetermined
level the supply of water will be diverted from the tank, and delivered to any other
desired place, and when the water in the tank falls below a predetermined level,
the supply of water to the tank will be resumed. I consider this pump which has
a double function, as equivalent to the two pumps shown, each having independent
function.
Assuming that the steam pump 52, is used for removing water from a mine, and
that, in order to prevent the accumulation of water, the pumping must be con-
tinuous, it is obvious that a pump operated by steam generated by the sun's heat
would not answer the purpose, for the reason that the action of the sun upon the
boiler would not be the same at all times, and during some days or parts of days
no steam would be generated. The water pumped into the tank when the sun was
available as a source of power can now be used to operate another pump or engine,
and if automatic mechanism is provided for causing this pump to act whenever the
steam pump ceases to operate, the pumping from the mine will be continuous,
notwithstanding variations in the power obtained from the steam boiler.
I have shown in Fig. 1, a device of this description. In this figure, 74 is a
rotary pump connected to a turbine wheel 73, which is operated by water supplied
from the tank 41 through the pipe 67. In this pipe is a valve 72. Connected with
the steam pipe 38 is a branch pipe 68, and on this pipe is a pressure valve 69, which
acts through suitable connections, 70 and 71, to keep the valve 72 closed as long as
the pressure of steam is maintained. When the pressure falls below that required
to operate the pumps, this valve automatically opens and water flows through the
pipe 67, thus operating the wheel 73 and the pump 74.
The particular method and means herein described for storing and utilizing the
heat of the sun as a source of continuous power, has been shown for convenience of
illustration in the drawings, as an embodiment of the invention in practice; but
the invention is by no means limited to the devices thus shown.
As before stated, I can use any other forms of stored energy, as for example, the
steam from the boiler could be used to operate a dynamo, and this dynamo could
supply electricity to charge a storage battery, and the electricity from the storage
battery could operate a motor which would actuate the mechanism moving the
reflector. A switch acting automatically, could be provided which, when the
storage battery was fully charged, would cause the steam from the boiler to be
diverted to a second engine, and when the supply of steam became inadequate to

page_text: operate the engine, a suitable switch, acting automatically, would shunt the
electricity in the storage battery to a motor, thus maintaining a continuous power,
independent of variations in the power directly obtained by the action of the sun's
heat upon the heat receiver. The automatic valves and stop-cocks described and
shown in this application, would then find their equivalents in automatic switches.
As the construction of dynamos, storage batteries and the necessary automatic
switches are well known and can be easily made by the skilled electrician, the
foregoing description is sufficient to illustrate how the principle of my invention can
be carried into effect with other forms of stored power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, means for obtaining mechanical
power from the sun; and means for automatically actuating the accumulated power
on interruption of the solar energy, as set forth.
2. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, means for obtaining mechanical
power from the sun; means for automatically actuating the accumulated power on
interruption of the solar energy, and means for automatically cutting off or reserving
the said stored power on recurrence of the solar energy, as set forth.
3. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, means for obtaining mechanical
power from the sun; means for storing a part of the power obtained by said means,
and means for automatically actuating the accumulated power on interruption of
the solar energy, as set forth.
4. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, means for obtaining mechanical
power from the sun; a device operated by the power obtained by said means;
means for storing mechanical power from the sun; means connecting said accumu-
lating device with the second-mentioned means, and means for automatically
actuating the accumulating device to operate the said second-mentioned means on
interruption of the solar energy, substantially as set forth.
5. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, means for obtaining mechanical
power from the sun; means operated by the power obtained by said meaus; means
for storing a part of the power obtained by the first-mentioned device; means
connecting said accumulating device with the second-mentioned means, and
means for automatically actuating the said storing device on interruption of the
solar energy, substantially as set forth.
6. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, means for obtaining mechanical
power from the sun; a device operated by the power obtained by said means; means
for storing a part of the power obtained by the first-mentioned means; means for
connecting said accumulating device with the second-mentioned means; means for
automatically actuating the said storing device on interruption of the solar energy,
and means for automatically cutting off or reserving the action of the storing device
on recurrence of the solar energy, substantially as set forth.
7. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, the combination of a heat receiver;
a device for concentrating the rays upon said receiver; means for automatically
imparting a movement to the concentrator, co-incident with the diurnal path of the
sun; means for storing power from the sun; means for connecting said storing
device with the concentrator, and means for automatically actuating the said
storing device to move the concentrator on interruption of the rays, substantially
as set forth.
8. In an apparatus for utilizing solar energy, the combination of a heat receiver;
a device for concentrating the rays upon the said receiver; means for automatically
imparting a movement to the concentrator co-incident with the diurnal path of the
sun; means for storing a part of the power obtained by said receiver; means
connecting the storing device with the concentrator, and means for automatically
actuating the said storing device to move the concentrator on interruption of the
rays, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 9. In a device for the utilization of the sun's heat for the production of power,
the combination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of a device for
concentrating the rays of the sun and moving in accordance with the apparent
movement of the sun; a heat receiver placed in the focus of said concentrating
device and moving with said device; mechanism for moving said concentrating
device in accordance with the apparent movement of the sun, whereby the axis of
said concentrating device is constantly maintained parallel to the sun's rays; a
motor, operated by the power from said heat receiver, and converting its work into
stored energy; a reservoir of said stored energy; a second motor also operated by
the power from the heat receiver, but operating only when the first named motor
ceases to operate; a device acting when the stored energy reaches a predetermined
potential to stop the first named motor and permit the second named motor to
operate, and upon the fall of the potential below a predetermined point to stop the
second named motor, and cause the first named motor to operate; a motor operated
by the stored energy to actuate said motor whenever the power directly obtained
from the heat receiver is inadequate or unavailable, whereby a continuous power is
obtained independent of variations in the power directly obtained from the sun.
10. In a device for utilizing the sun's heat for the production of power, the com-
bination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of a device for concentrating
the rays of the sun; a steam boiler located in the focus of the concentrating device
and moving with the same; mechanism for moving said concentrating device in
accordance with the apparent movement of the sun; a steam pump 51, operated
by steam from the boiler; a reservoir of water filled by said pump; the steam
pump 52; the steam pipe 38; the valve 48 in the pipe 38; the pipe 50, connecting
the valve to the steam pump 51; the pipe 49, connecting the valve to the pump 52;
and mechanism operated by changes in the level of the water in the reservoir to
move the valve 48, to divert the steam from one pump to the other, according to
the height of the water in the reservoir.
11. In a device for utilizing the sun's heat for the production of power, the com-
bination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of a device for concentrating
the sun's rays and capable of movement in accordance with the apparent movement
of the sun; a steam boiler placed in the focus of said concentrating device and
moving with the same; a steam pump operated by the steam from the boiler; a
tank, filled by said pump and supplying water under pressure to a water motor
operated by said water; and mechanism actuated by said water motor, and acting
to move the concentrating device in accordance with the apparent movement of
the sun.
12. In a device for utilizing the heat of the sun for the production of power, the
combination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of a device for concen-
trating the sun's rays and capable of movement in accordance with the apparent
movement of the sun; mechanism acting to move the concentrating device in one
direction during the day, in accordance with the apparent diurnal movement of the
sun, and in the opposite direction during the night; and mechanism acting
automatically on the completion of the movement in one direction to effect a
movement in the other direction of the mechanism moving the concentrating
device.
13. In a device automatically moving in accordance with the apparent movement
of the sun or any other astronomical body, the combination, substantially as, and
for the purpose set forth, of mechanism effecting the movement of the device; a
source of power for operating this mechanism; a time measuring device and means
operated by said time measuring device to automatically correct variations in the
rate of speed of the moving mechanism, by increasing or diminishing the power
admitted to operate the device.
14. In a device automatically moving in one direction during the day in
accordance with the apparent diurnal movement of the sun, and in the reverse
direction during the night, the combination, substantially as, and for the purpose
set forth, with the means for imparting said movement to the device; of a train of

page_text: clock-work; mechanism for winding said clock-work; and a device connecting
this winding mechanism of the clock-work to the moving mechanism during the
night, but disconnecting it during the day, whereby the same power which actuates
the moving mechanism is made to wind up the clock-work.
15. The combination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of the
trunnion 5, the reflector 1, mounted on said trunnion 5; the toothed wheel 6, on
said trunnion; the pinion 7, gearing with the wheel 6; the rack-bar 17, gearing
with the pinion, and connected to the piston of the water motor 36; the said water
motor having a slide valve controlling the supply of water above and below the
piston; and mechanism acting automatically on the completion of the upward
stroke of the piston and the downward stroke of the same to move the slide valve.
16. The combination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of the
reciprocating rack-bar 17, the stops 21 and 22 on the same; the bell crank levers
having arms 10 and 12 extending across the face of the rack-bar; the helical
spring 20, between the ends of these arms; the lever 11, connected by a link 76,
and lever 77, with the slide valve rod 35, and connected to the spring 20; the said
rod 35; the quadrant-shaped piece on the end of the lever 11, provided with the
notches 80 and 81; the spring 9, acting on the lever 10; and the arms 14 and 15,
respectively attached to the arms 13 and 16 of the bell crank levers.
17. The combination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of the
rotating water pipe 25; the worm wheel 18 on the same; the worm 19 rotatably
connected with said pinion; the wheel 58, loose on the pipe 25, and rotating by the
said clock-work mechanism; the valve 26, in the pipe 25; and mechanism con-
necting the valve to the wheel 58, whereby any difference in the rate of rotation of
the pipe and of the wheel will cause a movement of the valve.
18. The combination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, of the
rotatable pipe 25, the bevel wheel 28, connected to the winding mechanism of a
train of clock-work, the said clock mechanism and the ratchet wheel 60 and pawl 59,
connecting the bevel wheel 28 and pipe.
19. The combination, substantially as, and for the purpose set forth, with a boiler
or other heat receiver, of a shell or jacket, surrounding said boiler or heat receiver,
excepting at the points of support, and composed of material transparent to the heat
rays of the sun, but which will resist the passage of radiant heat from said boiler or
heat receiver; and the air space 86, enclosed between said boiler or heat receiver
and said jacket or shell.
Dated this Twenty-fourth day of February 1893.
MELVIN LINWOOD SEVERY.