Iм-. PROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN AND OTHER EARTHENWARES AND GLASS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer & Patent Agent, for the Invention of "Iм-.
PROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN AND OTHER EARTHENWARES AND
GLASS." A communication from abroad by Samuel Daniel, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Engine Turner.
:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
April 1861.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
5 Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
..tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PORCELAIN AND OTHER EARTHENWARES
AND GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new method of ornamenting by engraving &
engine turning on porcelain, enamelled ware, glass, and other similar mate-
10 rials, which consists in removing from the porcelain, glass, or other material
part of the color or material previously intended as a ground for the purpose

page_text: of forming designs by engine turning. The color to form the base or ground
is first applied on the object to be operated on, either by a brush or pad in one
or two layers, according to the intensity of color required, care being taken to
preserve the freshness of the color before operating the engine turning or en-
graving. The ground being thus prepared, the object is then mounted in the
lathe, furnished with a tempered steel graver of suitable form, and after having
removed certain parts of this ground color by means of the graving tool so as
to form a design, the object is then dried in a stove and afterwards baked in a
close furnace. When several layers of colors are employed after the first coat-
ing and engraving process is completed, as above described, the object under
operation is to be rapidly dried, after which a second coating of color is applied,
which should be always of a much lighter shade; it is then again baked in the
close furnace.
For producing the effect of burnished ware on porcelain or glass after the
gilt base has been applied and baked and the part mounted in the lathe, a
graver or burnisher of agate is employed and the article moistened with soft
soap and water. For producing various effects on the same piece of porcelain
or crystal, instead of the graver a brush is used charged with gum lac, con-
tained in a tube fixed to a travelling support of the lathe. The gum lac should
be ground in essence of lavender and oil of poppy. The processes of engraving
are the same as above described, except that for forming the lights and shades
of the design a pointer of tempered steel or agate is employed.
Thus this Invention consists principally of the process of removing parts of
the ground colors of porcelain, glass; or enamelled ware, for the purpose of
forming designs thereon by engraving or engine turning, as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th October 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE, PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of, 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer & Patent.
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of April, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,

page_text: the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during-tlie
term therein expressed, should and lawfully inight maké, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING
PORCELAIN AND OTHER EARTHENWARES AND GLASS," a communication to me from
abroad by Samuel Daniel, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engine Turner,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark, my exe-
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my; or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the satie was to be performed,
and cause the same: to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby déclaré
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
This Invention relates to a new method of engine turning and engraving
glass, porcelain, and other enamelled ware generally by means of a lathie; for
this purpose I remove at different parts of the surfaces of these materials any
color which may have been previously applied as a ground, and in this manner
I am enabled to produce the most varied designs & patterns thereon.
The operation is effected as follows: I first apply to the object the color
which is to serve as a ground, which may be laid on either with a brush ör
pad in one or more coats according to the depth of color desired. In somfé
cases for obtaining a varied effect two layers of different colors may be
applied; while in all cases care should be taken on placing the article to bé
ornamented in the engine-turning apparatus that the colors retain all their
freshness. For this purpose when only one layer of color is applied it should
be partially dried in such manner that by scraping any part may be removed
without becoming dust or the other part scaling off. When two layers are
applied the first one is laid on as above, and a second-superposed in like manner,
the first layer being dry enough to prevent one color running into the other.
When the ground work is finished, the article is mounted on a lathé furnished
with a graver of tempered steel of the form represented at Fig. 1 of tho

page_text: Drawing annexed. After having engraved the object by removing the color
with the graver, as before mentioned, in order to form the design, it is then
dried in a stove and baked in a muffle furnace. For: producing designs by
engine turning in different colors after the first layer has been applied, as
above described, the article is then baked in a muffle, and a second layer of a
different color applied, which is only allowed to dry partially. By this method
of engraving in two different colors a very beautiful effect may be produced
on porcelain according to the colors employed, and the designs, which may be
imitations of marbles or precious stones. To effect such ornamentation; the first
layer of color is applied and then baked, the second layer being still fresh. In
this state the article to be ornamented is placed in the lathe; and the wood
comb represented at Fig. 2 (the teeth of which are irregular) applied by
hand, in order to produce veins of different kinds; according to the manner in
which the hand is moved, while the object is turning in the lathe. In this
manner perfect imitations of marbles, malachite, cornelian, or other precious
stones may be obtained. For producing the effect of burnished ware on
porcelain or glass a gilt base or ground is first applied; & the object mounted
in the lathe; it is next moistened with a layer of-soft soap and water, and then
engraved by means of a graver or burnisher of agate, represented at Figs. 3 &
4 of the Drawing annexed. The engine-turned designs may be obtained by
impression, in which case a plate of copper or zinc is first engraved with any
suitable device, and a second plate produced therefrom by galvanoplasty,
which serves herewith to print paper patterns. The engraved plate itself
may also be employed, but with less advantage than when using galvanoplastic
plates.
For printing by lithographic processes, after having engraved or turned a
plate in the lathe, the printing roller is passed over it impregnated with a
varnish employed by typographers; it is then placed on the article to be
ornamented, proofs being taken on gummed or glazed paper, which are
powdered with dry colors, & then transferred to the porcelain.
:
In order to produce different and varied effects on the porcelain or glass a
brush represented at Fig. 5 may be employed instead of the graver, which is.
charged with gum lac ground in essence of lavender, and fixed in a tube attached
to a travelling part of the lathe. The processes of engraving on porcelain and
glass are the same as above described as regards the application of the colors
for the ground work, except that for forming the lights and shades of the
design a pointer of tempered steel or agate, represented at Fig. 6, .should
always be employed.

page_text: Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the process or processes
of removing the ground colors from porcelain, glass, & enamelled ware
generally for the purposes of ornamentation, as herein-before described,
effected by means of engine-turning lathe or apparatus, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)