IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS." OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING ORSING TEILE FACS OR
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pendlebury, of Crumpsall, in the County of
Lancaster, Bleacher, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS."
OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS."
Sealed the 1st November 1856, and dated the 3rd July 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jolin Pendlebury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1856.
I, JOHN PENDLEBURY, of Crumpsall, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of vessels and apparatus for
the purpose of bleaching or cleansing manufactured or piece goods or yarn, of
cotton, linen, and other such materials or fabrics, by the employment or use of
high-pressure steam for the purpose of heating and forcing the bleaching
liquor, &c. from the liquor pan into an adjoining close or confined vessel or
goods keir. The liquor pan or vessel is placed in connection with the goods
keir by means of a communicating pipe extending from the top of one vessel
to the other, and also another pipe extending from the bottom of one vessel
to the other, so that constant circulation of the bleaching liquor can be
.

page_text: maintained through the goods in the close or confined keir by the action of
the high-pressure steam, which is introduced from the boiler or generator by
means of a steam pipe passing through an enlarged portion of the upper con-
necting pipe and into the liquor pan or vessel, such steam pipe descending and
opening into the body of the liquor for the purpose of effecting its ebullition
and circulation. The steam employed may be at any suitable high pressure,
say, from 50 lb. to 100 lb. on the inch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent, filed
by the said John Pendlebury in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PENDLEBURY, of Crumpsall, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Pendlebury, Her especial license that I, the said John Pendlebury, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Pendlebury, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR BLEACHING AND. CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS OR MATERIALS," upon
the condition, amongst others, that I, the said John Pendlebury, by an instru
inent in writing under my hand and. seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the-same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the-date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Pendlebury, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying. Drawings (that is to say):-

page_text: My Invention consists in an arrangement of vessels and apparatus for the
purpose of bleaching or cleansing manufactured or piece goods or yarn of
cotton, linen, and other such materials or fabrics, by the employment or use
of high-pressure steam for the purpose of heating and forcing the bleaching
liquor, &c. from the liquor pan into an adjoining close or confined vessel or
goods kier. The liquor pan or vessel is placed in connection with the goods
kier by means of a communicating pipe extending from the top of one vessel
to the other, and also another pipe extending from the bottom of one vessel to
the other, so that constant circulation of the bleaching liquor can be maintained
through the goods in the close or confined kier by the action of the high-
pressure steam, which is introduced from the boiler or generator by means-of-
a steam pipe passing through an enlarged portion of the upper connecting
pipe and into the liquor pan or vessel, such steam. pipe descending and opening
into the body of the liquor for the purpose of effecting its ebullition and
circulation. The steam employed may be at any suitable pressure up to one
hundred pounds on the inch. "
.:
"
}
In order that the Invention may be the better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of...Drawings illustrative of the
improvements, made, upon a scale of about three-quarters of an inch to a
foot, having similar letters of reference marked upon. corresponding parts of
the apparatus:
'
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the bleaching apparatus, shewing the
arrangement of the pipes for maintaining a continuous circulation of the
liquor employed; this view also shews the steam pipe in the interior of the
enlarged liquor. pipe, descending into the liquor pan or vessel; Fig. 2 is an
end view of the same apparatus, in which will be seen the position of an
indicator and steam guage, for ascertaining the flow of the liquor and pressure,
of steam employed. In Fig. 1, a, a, is the kier, in which the goods, &c. are
placed upon the grid b. The liquor passes into the kier, rising through the
pipe c from the pan or vessel d when heated by the steam from the pipe é, and
out again by the pipe f, back into the pan d, and so on in a continuous stream,
until the goods contained in the kier are sufficiently cleansed by the bleaching
or cleansing liquor. If it should be requisite to wash the contents of the kier.
before the bleaching liquids are introduced, the kier is filled with clean water,
and the tap g is turned to prevent the water passing along the pipe into the
pan d; the tap h is then opened, and the dirty water is driven out of the kier
by steam from the pipe e, passing into the kier by the pipe c; this tap h is
then shut, the tap 9 is opened. Bleaching or cleansing liquor is passed through
the
pan d until the kier a is sufficiently full; the man-holes are then secured,

page_text: then high-pressure steam is let into the pan d. through the pipe e, which forces
the liquid through the pipe c, and into the top of the kier, down through the
goods, and by the pipe fis returned into the pan d; this is carried on until
the goods are deemed sufficiently cleansed,-upon which the liquor is drawn off
by the tap h, when the goods may be taken out. The steam employed for the
above purpose may be of any pressure that will cause the requisite circulation
of the bleaching or other liquids.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention, together
with the manner of effecting the same, I would remark, in conclusion, that I
claim,―
First, the novel application; employment, and use of high-pressure steam
-to the bleaching or cleansing liquor, for the purpose of causing the same to
circulate continuously through the closed kier vessel and pipes, as before
mentioned:
And, secondly, the general arrangement and combination of apparatus for
effecting the desired object, as herein-before described, set forth, and fully
exhibited-in the accompanying Drawings..
In witness 'whereof, I, the said John Pendlebury, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
JOHN PENDLEBURY. (L.s.)