CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC AND MAGNETO- ELECTRIC APPARATUS
Year: 1851

page_text: MILLWARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Plater, send greeting.
WHEREAS He present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Millward, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William
Millward, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Millward, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC AND MAGNETO-
ELECTRIC APPARATUS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
I,the said William Millward, shall cause a particular description of the nature
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
of

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Millward, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
My improvements consist, first, in a new mode of charging or magnetizing
iron and steel bars, to be used either as permanent magnets or electro-magnets.
Secondly, in certain new forms of magneto-electrical machines herein
described and explained.
My improvements under the first head of my Invention are effected by the
employment of an electro-magnet formed by a current produced from a
magneto-electrical machine, instead of the current produced from a voltaic
battery, as heretofore. And I have found great advantage in the use of such
electro-magnets, when required for magnetizing large bars of steel, or when
desiring to produce very powerful magnets. Any of the known forms of
magneto-electrical apparatus will serve thus to make a bar of iron an
electro-magnet; but I prefer to use one composed of four, eight, or other
number of permanent magnets, having double the number of armatures, and
coiled with strong wire, and of about sixty feet in length. The proportions
of the machine which I have found to answer perfectly, but which no doubt
will be open to considerable variation, are as follows:-The steel magnets are
composed of eight plates of the U form, and weighing about thirty pounds
each plate; there are eight of such compound magnets, all the north poles of
which are ranged on one side of the machine, and the south poles on the other;
but I do not confine myself to this arrangement, as the same may be varied
without departing from my Invention. The armatures are of soft iron,
weighing about fifteen pounds, and are coiled with about sixty feet of copper
wire of No. 4 wire gauze, and insulated in the usual manner. These armatures
revolve in a brass wheel, and are brought to pass as near to the poles of the
magnets as practicable; the commutator or break acting upon the whole
eight magnets at the same instant, so that the current of electricity always
passes in one direction, and the surface of the whole sixty-four plates of steel
are in combination at one time. The bar of soft iron used with this machine
for the electro-magnet weighs about five hundred pounds, and is coiled with

page_text: bundles of about thirty copper wires of No: 10 wire guage, and about sixty.
feet in length (the bundles being formed by binding a series of uncovered wires
together into one covered strand or, bundle), and the power of such electro-
magnet depends upon the strength of the permanent magnets used in the
machine, both as to the weight it will support from a keeper, and as to its
capability of rendering bars of steel permanent magnets by contact therewith.:
It will therefore be evident that by having two sets of the permanent magnets
and charging them in such machine, that their supporting power, may be
increased by continued charges or passes from the electro-magnet thus
produced.
1
Second, my improvements under the second head of this my Invention
consist of the following constructions of machines:-Where a, a, a, a, Figs. 1
and 2, represent eight steel bars, or these bars may be cast or soft iron per-
manently magnetized. When the soft iron is used, bars of steel permanently
magnetized will have to be used in connection with them; b,b,b,b, are straight
bars of steel, also rendered permanently magnetic, and which may be employed
in any number or size according to the strength of magnet required. These
bars b, b, b, b, are placed so as to be out of the influence of the armatures c, c, c,
when revolving; the poles of a, a, a, being as nearly as possible in contact with
the armatures, which revolve either between the poles or in face of them.
Instead of the bars a, a, a, a, being of steel and magnetized, they may be of
soft iron, and dependant for their magnetism upon the bars b, b, b, placed
around them.
Another form of machine is shown in Figures 3 and 4, where A represents
the permanent magnet; B, B, the armature coiled; C, pulley driven by a
band from other machinery; D, D, the commutator or break piece, which is
also shown separately at Fig. 5, D1 being of brass, and D of soft iron; this
commutator may either be solid or formed of two or more plates; the
improvement consisting in having both the magnets and armatures stationary,
and the commutator alone in motion; or other modifications of this arrange-.
ment of construction may be employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Millward, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
WILLIAM (L.S.) MILLWARD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-eighth day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid William Millward came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.