IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE AP- PLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF WOOL, HEMP, JUTE, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS -PATENT to Alexander Bonar Fleming, Robert Craig Mac-
lagan, and Robert Irvine, all of Leith, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE AP-
PLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF WOOL, HEMP, JUTE, FLAX,
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Bonar
Fleming, Robert Craig Maclagan, and Robert Irvine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st
August 1871.
5. We, ALEXANDER BONAR FLEMING, ROBERT CRAIG Maqlagan, and
ROBERT IRVINE, all of Leith, in the County-of-Mid-Lothian, North-
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS,

page_text: in conjunction with rosin, gum, fatty acids, or fatty substances or
compounds for the purpose of preparing certain fibrous substances such
as wool, jute, hemp, or flax for heckling, carding, and spinning.
In carrying out our Invention we employ the mixture in the following
manner:-We take a certain proportion of either of the oils last above 5
mentioned and subject the same to heat in any suitable vessel, and when
so heated we add thereto rosin or resin commonly known as rosin or
colophene, gum "thus," fatty acids such as margarie, stearic, and oleic
acids, or any fatty compound containing the substances cither in a free
or combined state, or we may allow the crude or refined rosin oils to 10
digest upon the substances to be incorporated or dissolved therein in
the cold.
In applying the above compound or mixture so manufactured wo
either employ it alone or mix it with water holding in solution either
ammonia, potash, or soda, or any alkaline salt of these bases in varying 14
proportions, in which case wo obtain an emulsion or soapy mixture
which has the property of suspending the oil in the water and producing
a lubricating fluid suitable for the treatment of fibrous substances
previous to heckling, carding, or spinning the same.
We prefer to employ the following proportions of materials in the 20
manufacture of our said lubricant, videlicet, about ninety parts by
weight of oil with about ten parts by weight of rosin or mixtures of
rosin with one or more of the other before-mentioned materials or in
conjunction with the fatty acids alone, or in conjunction with the fatty
acids together with rosin, but we do not confine or limit ourselves to 2
such proportions.
In the preparation of the emulsion before mentioned we have found
that the following proportions give satisfactory results, videlicet, about
ten or twenty parts by measure of the lubricant prepared as herein-
before described with from eighty to ninety parts by measure of water 3
holding alkalies or alkaline salts in solution.
If desired there may be added to the fluid or emulsion so prepared
such substances as compounds of alumina, tin, titanium, or ammonium,
or such other compounds as possess the property of arresting combustion,
so as to avoid the risk of spontaneous combustion.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
3

page_text: carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the pre-
paration and the application of lubricants or softeners composed of resin
oil in conjunction with resin, gum, fatty acids, or fatty substances, so
that when such combinations are added to water containing one or more
of the alkalies or any of the corresponding alkaline salts in solution
they will mix with the same and form an emulsion suitable for being
employed for the purposes herein-before mentioned.
"
In 'witness whereof, we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, Robert
Craig Maclagan, and Robert Irvine, have to this our Specification
set 'our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day of February One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.