provements in Oil or Gas Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 26th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar.,
1894
PROVISIONAL DIECIFICATION
Improvements in Oil or Gas Engines.
ARNOLD EDMUND ROBINSON and HORACE ROBINSON both of 78 Great
Bridgewater Street Manchester Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in engines in which the piston is propelled
by the ignition and expansion of an explosive mixture such as gas or the vapour
of oil and air or other supporter of combustion.
We use an eccentric or cam
rotated about or around the shaft of the engine but not keyed or rigidly attached
thereto. A tooth wheel or pinion is fixed to the crank shaft of the engine. This
tooth wheel gears into another tooth gearing within or upon the eccentric or cam
either direct or with intermediate gear in such a manner that the cam or eccentric
revolves at a less speed than the crank shaft of the engine. The object of the gear
is to obtain an actuation of the valve or valves or other gear in an engine in which
the piston of the engine is propelled on a cycle of two or more revolutions of the
crank shaft. We also may use a valve or valves specially constructed as described
hereafter. And we also may connect the valve or valves with the eccentric or cam
in the manner described hereafter.
We prefer to arrange the gearing in the following manner :-A bevel wheel or
pinion is rigidly attached to or made in one with the engine shaft so that it revolves
with it. The eccentric or cam which can revolve around or upon the engine shaft
may be made with a recess in it and within this recess is a bevel wheel or pinion
revolving upon an axis. Another bevel wheel or pinion is mounted on the engine
shaft or placed with its axis concentric with the engine shaft. This pinion or
wheel does not revolve with the engine shaft being held stationary. The pinion or
wheel within the recess in the eccentric or cam engages with the pinion or wheel
which revolves with the engine shaft and also engages with the stationary pinion.
As the engine shaft revolves with the pinion or wheel attached to it this pinion or
wheel causes the pinion or wheel within the recess in the eccentric or cam to
revolve on its axis and this pinion engaging with the stationary pinion causes the
eccentric or cam to revolve at half the speed of the engine shaft. The eccentric or
cam may be formed in such a manner as to enclose the said pinions or wheels from
dust and injury. To increase the durability of the gear more than one intermediate
bevel pinion or wheel may be used. The following arrangement may be used so
that the engine may be caused to run either in one direction or the reverse as
required. A stop or lever may be attached to the stationary wheel or pinion.
This stop or lever will when fixed in one position keep the stationary pinion or
wheel fixed in a certain position so that the eccentric or cam actuates the valve or
valves or other parts at such times as to cause the engine to revolve in one direction
but when it is desired to reverse the direction in which the engine will run the stop
or lever can be moved so as to cause the stationary wheel or pinion to move through
such an angle that it will when it remains in this position cause the eccentric or
cam to actuate the valve or valves or other parts at such times as to cause the
engine to run in the reverse direction. In place of the before mentioned bevel
gear a cylindrical or parallel tooth wheel or pinion or equivalent may be attached
to the engine shaft so that it revolves with it. The eccentric or cam which can
Between the
revolve around the engine shaft can be made with internal teeth.
said internal teeth and the tooth wheel or pinion on the engine shaft an inter-
mediate tooth wheel or pinion is interposed engaging with the wheel or pinion on
the engine shaft and the internal teeth. This said intermediate tooth wheel or

page_text: pinion may revolve on an axis which for convenience may be attached to a stationary
plate or cheek.
If it is desired to work the engine on the two stroke cycle the number of internal
teeth in the eccentric or cam must be twice the number of teeth upon the pinion
or wheel upon the engine shaft. If it is desired to work the engine at other cycles
the number of the teeth must be proportionate. To increase the durability of the
gear more than one intermediate pinion or wheel may be used. A stop or lever
may be attached to the cheek to which the axis of the intermediate pinion or wheel
is attached. This stop or lever when fixed in one position will keep the check in a
certain position so that the eccentric or cam actuates the valve or valves at such
times as to cause the engine to revolve in one direction but when it is desired to
reverse the direction in which the engine will run the lever can be moved so as to
cause the cheek to move through such an angle and with it the axis of the inter-
mediate wheel or pinion that when it remains in that position it will cause the
eccentric or cam to actuate the valve or valves at such times as to cause the engine
to run in the reverse direction. In place of the before mentioned arrangement the
following arrangement may be used. A pinion or toothed wheel may be attached
to the engine shaft. The eccentric or cain which in this case revolves on a different.
centre from the engine shaft is fitted with internal teeth and these teeth engage
direct with the pinion or toothed wheel on the engine shaft and the relative
proportion in the number of internal teeth in the eccentric or cam ring and the
number of teeth on the pinion or wheel on the engine shaft will give the required
proportionate speed. This gearing can be entirely enclosed by a side plate or
plates through which the engine shaft may pass if required to protect the gearing
from dirt and injury. The main shaft may act as a support of this gear.
The before mentioned gear may be connected with the exhaust valve by means
of a rod working direct on to the exhaust valve stem the rod being of such a length
as to actuate the exhaust valve only during the exhausting stroke of the piston.
The exhaust valve and arrangements may be constructed in the following
manner. A hole or passage may be formed in the cylinder in the required position.
This hole or passage may be of less diameter or dimension at its inward end forming
a shoulder or collar. A passage or port is also formed in the cylinder metal coming
into the before mentioned hole or passage preferably at right angles and communi-
cating with the exhaust pipe. An asbestos or other suitable ring or packing may
be fitted against this shoulder or collar. A separate pipe or piece to act as a valve
seat and cover is formed to fit into the first named hole or passage and abuts against
said shoulder or collar the said asbestos ring or packing may form a joint. This
pipe or piece is formed with another hole or opening which opens into the port or
passage already mentioned and the exhaust valve stem may be carried out through
the outer end or cover of the pipe or piece. The pipe or piece can be pulled up to
its place by a screw or studs or otherwise preferably by a flange and studs and nuts
and asbestos or other packing may be inserted under this flange. The pipe or piece
can be made of a slack fit in the hole or passage and can be readily withdrawn
without disturbing the exhaust pipes.
We may actuate the exhaust valve in the following manner. A rod may be
caused to reciprocate by the before mentioned eccentric or cam gear and upon this
rod a suitable inclined or otherwise formed projection bears against the valve
spindle and a gradual opening of the exhaust effected and a spring or its equivalent
brings the exhaust valve to its seat when the said projection is removed. The
valve stem may move at right angles to the reciprocating rod and a block suitably
guided or a small hinged piece with a wheel or roller at its end may be inserted
between the valve stem and the before mentioned projection to prevent side wear of
the valve spindle.
A guide or guides are provided in or against which the before mentioned
reciprocating rod moves.
Other valves may be worked by this gear or in the case of an oil engine the oil
or liquid fuel-injecting pump may be worked in like manner and more than one

page_text: cam or eccentric may be used. The same toothed gear may actuate these eccentrics
or cams. Where desired in place of forming the eccentric or cam in one piece with
the ring surrounling the gear the cam or eccentric can be made separate and
mounted upon it. This will also allow of the adjustment of the time of the action
of the eccentric or cam and the reversing of the engine may also be effected by
altering the position of the cam or eccentric on the ring or case. This case can
also be formed with a side or end. A pin may be attached eccentrically in this
side of the gear case when the engine shaft is not prolonged through or past the
said gear. This pin taking the place of the eccentric or cam.
Dated this 2nd day of May 1893
ARNOLD EDMUND ROBINSON.
HORACE ROBINSON.
We ARNOLD EDMUND ROBINSON and HORACE ROBINSON both of 78 Great
Bridgewater Street Manchester Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in engines in which the piston is propelled
by the ignition and expansion of an explosive mixture such as gas or the vapour
of oil and air or other supporter of combustion. We use an eccentric or cam
rotated about or around the shaft of the engine but not keyed or rigilly attached
thereto. A tooth wheel or pinion is fixed to the crank shaft of the engine.
This tooth wheel gears into another tooth gearing within or upon the eccentric
or cam either direct or with intermediate gear in such a manner that the cam
or eccentric revolves at a less speed than the crank shaft of the engine. The
object of the gear is to obtain an actuation of the valve or valves or other gear
in an engine in which the piston of the engine is propelled on a cycle of two or
more revolutions of the crank shaft. We also may use a valve or valves specially
constructed as described hereafter. And we also may connect the valve or valves
with the eccentric or cam in the manner described hereafter.
or wheel
We prefer to arrange the gearing in the following manner :-A bevel wheel
or pinion is rigidly attached to or made in one with the engine shaft so that it
revolves with it. The eccentric or cam which can revolve around or upon the
engine shaft may be made with a recess in it and within this recess is a bevel
wheel or pinion revolving upon an axis. Another level wheel or pinion is
mounted on the engine shaft or placed with its axis concentric with the engine
shaft. This pinion or wheel does not revolve with the engine shaft being held
stationary. The pinion or wheel within the recess in the eccentric or cam engages
with the pinion or wheel which revolves with the engine shaft and also engages
with the stationary pinion. As the engine shaft revolves with the pinion
attached to it this pinion or wheel causes the pinion or wheel within the recess
in the eccentric or cam to revolve on its axis and this pinion engaging with the
stationary pinion causes the eccentric or cam to revolve at half the speed of the
engine shaft. The eccentric or cam may be formed in such a manner as to enclose
the said pinions or wheels from dust and injury. To increase the durability of the
gear more than one intermediate bevel pinion or wheel may be used. The following
arrangement may be used so that the engine may be caused to run either in one
direction or the reverse as required. A stop or lever may be attached to the
stationary wheel or pinion. This stop or lever will when fixed in one position
keep the stationary pinion or wheel fixed in a certain position so that the
eccentric or cam actuates the valve or valves or other parts at such times as
to cause the engine to revolve in one direction but when it is desired to reverse

page_text: the direction in which the engine will run the stop or lever can be moved so as
to cause the stationary wheel or pinion to move through such an angle that it
will when it remains in this position cause the eccentric or cam to actuate the
valve or valves or other parts at such times as to cause the engine to run in the
reverse direction. In place of the before mentioned bevel gear a cylindrical or
parallel tooth wheel or pinion or equivalent may be attached to the engine shaft
so that it revolves with it. The eccentric or cam which can revolve around the
engine shaft can be made with internal teeth. Between the said internal teeth
and the tooth wheel or pinion on the engine shaft an intermediate tooth wheel or
pinion is interposed engaging with the wheel or pinion on the engine shaft aud
the internal teeth. This said intermediate tooth wheel or pinion may revolve on
au axis which for convenience may be attached to a stationary plate or cheek.
If it is desired to work the engine on the two stroke cycle the number of
internal teeth in the eccentric or cam must be twice the number of teeth upon
the pinion or wheel upon the engine shaft. If it is desired to work the engine at
other cycles the number of the teeth must be proportionate. To increase the
durability of the gear more than one intermediate pinion or wheel may be used.
A stop or lever may be attached to the check to which the axis of the intermédiate
pinion or wheel is attached. This stop or lever when fixed in one position will
keep the cheek in a certain position so that the eccentric or cam actuates the valve
or valves at such times as to cause the engine to revolve in one direction buit
when it is desired to reverse the direction in which the engine will run the lever
can be moved so as to cause the cheek to move through such an angle and with it
the axis of the intermediate wheel or pinion that when it remains in that position
it will cause the eccentric or cam to actuate the valve or valves at such times as
to cause the engine to run in the reverse direction. In place of the before
mentioned arrangement the following arrangement may be used. A pinion or
toothed wheel may be attached to the engine shaft. The eccentric or cam which
in this case revolves on a different centre from the engine shaft is fitted with
internal teeth and these teeth engage direct with the pinion or toothed wheel on
the engine shaft and the relative proportions in the number of internal teeth in the
eccentric or cam ring and the number of teeth on the pinion or wheel on the engine
shaft will give the required proportionate speed. This gearing can be entirely
enclosed by a side plate or plates through which the engine shaft may pass if
required to protect the gearing from dirt and injury. The main shaft may act as
a support of this gear.
The before mentioned gear may be connected with the exhaust valve by means
of a rod working direct on to the exhaust valve stem the rod being of such a
length as to actuate the exhaust valve only during the exhausting stroke of the
piston.
The exhaust valve and arrangements may be constructed in the following
manner: A hole or passage may be formed in the cylinder in the required
position. This hole or passage may be of less diameter or dimension at its inward
end forming a shoulder or collar. A passage or port is also formed in the cylinder
metal coming into the before mentioned hole or passage preferably at right angles
and communicating with the exhaust pipe. An asbestos or other suitable ring or
packing may be fitted against this shoulder or collar. A separate pipe or piece
to act as a valve seat and cover is formed to fit into the first named hole or passage
and abuts against said shoulder or collar the said asbestos ring or packing may
form a joint. This pipe or piece is formed with another hole or opening which
opens into the port or passage already mentioned and the exhaust valve stem may
be carried out through the outer end or cover of the pipe or piece. The pipe or
piece can be pulled up to its place by a screw or studs or otherwise preferably by
a flange and studs and nuts and asbestos or other packing may be inserted under
this flange. The pipe or piece can be made of a slack fit in the hole or passage
aud can be readily withdrawn without disturbing the exhaust pipes.
We may actuate the exhaust valve in the following manner.
A rod may be

page_text: caused to reciprocate by the before mentioned eccentric or cam gear and upon this
rod a suitably inclined or otherwise formed projection bears against the valve
spindle and a gradual opening of the exhaust effected and a spring or its equivalent
brings the exhaust valve to its seat when the said projection is removed. The
valve stem may move at right angles to the reciprocating rod and a block suitably
guided or a small hinged piece with a wheel or roller at its end may be inserted
between the valve stem and the before mentioned projection to prevent side wear
of the valve spindle.
A guide or guides are provided in or against which the before mentioned
reciprocating rod moves.
Other valves may be worked by this gear or in the case of an oil engine the oil
or liquid fuel-injecting pump may be worked in like manner and more than. one
cam or eccentric may be used. The same toothed gear may actuate these eccentrics
or cams. Where desired in place of forming the eccentric or cam in one piece
with the ring surrounding the gear the cam or eccentric can be made separate and
mounted upon it. This will also allow of the adjustment of the time of the action
of the eccentric or cam and the reversing of the engine may also be effected by
altering the position of the cam or eccentric on the ring or case. This case can:
also be formed with a side or end. A pin may be attached eccentrically in this
side of the gear case when the engine shaft is not prolonged through or past the
said gear. This pin taking the place of the eccentric or cam.
Referring to the drawings Figure 1 is a section at right angles to the engine
shaft and Fig. 2 is a section parallel to the engine shaft showing the arrangement
of the cam or eccentric with bevil teeth. Figs. 3 and 4 are sections showing the
arrangement with straight or parallel teeth. Figs. 5 & 6 are sections showing
the arrangement with straight or parallel teeth but without intermediate pinion,
Fig. 5 also being section through the exhaust and showing connections with the
valve parallel with the cylinder Z. Figs. 7. 8 and 9 are sections showing the
exhaust valve arranged at right angles with the cylinder of engine. These
drawings show the gear as arranged for two revolution cycle engines namely
engines in which the charging compressing firing and exhausting actions take place.
A Figs. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 is the eccentric shown in the various arrangements in
section. B Fig. 2. is a bevil wheel or pinion attached to and revolving with the
engine shaft S. C Figs. 1 & 2 is a bevil wheel or pinion which is held stationary.
D is a pinion or wheel which engages with the revolving pinion or wheel B Fig. 2
and also with the stationary wheel or pinion C Figs. 1 and 2. As B revolves
with the shaft S it causes the pinion D to revolve on the axis E which is fixed to:
the eccentric A and this pinion engaging with the stationary pinion C causes the.
eccentric to revolve at half the speed of the engine shaft S on which it is able
to rotate. The eccentric or cam A encloses the wheels or pinions protecting them.
from dirt or injury. F Fig. I is a stop or lever formed with or attached to the
stationary pinion or wheel C. G is a pin which may be inserted into a hole to
hold this stop F and wheel C. in the position shown in Fig. 1 for actuating the
engine in one direction. To run the engine in the opposite direction the lever I
with the wheel C may be rotated round and the pin G inserted into the hole H to
retain F in this new position so that the valve will be timed correctly for the
reverse direction of the engine. In place of the bevil gear as shown at Figs. 1
and 2 a pinion K with straight parallel teeth may be attached to the shaft S as
shown at Figs. 3. 4. 5. 6. The eccentric or cam A may be made with internal
teeth. Figs. 3 & 4 show an intermediate tooth wheel L interposed between
the revolving pinion K and the eccentric A. Figs. 5 & 6 show the wheel or
pinion Kengaging directly with the internal teeth of the cam or eccentric ring A.
M Fig. 3 is a stop or lever on the cheek plate R Figs. 3 & 4 to which the axis of
the intermediate pinion L is attached. A pin or other stop N may be inserted to
hold M say in the position shown at Fig. 3 or other suitable position for actuating
the valve at the proper time when working the engine in one direction. To rim
the engine in the reverse direction M may be moved round to come over the hole P

page_text: Fig. 3 and the pin N inserted to hold M in this position. This causes the cam or
eccentric ring A to be rotated through an arc of a circle and brings it into the
correct position relatively to the crank for running in the opposite direction.
Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 K is the pinion as before mentioned attached to or
formed with the engine shaft S. This pinion K gears directly in the internal teèth
of the cam or eccentric ring A which ring revolves around the engine shaft S
between the side plates T. T' with a different centre from that of the engine shaft S
as will be seen more clearly at Fig. 5. V Figs. 5 & 6 is a pin or stop to hold T
in its proper position. It will be seen that this gear is entirely enclosed and safe
from injury and may ride on the engine shaft S thus forming a neat and
independent system.
The before mentioned gear may be connected with the exhaust valve by means
of a rod as shown at U Figs. 5 and 6. This rod U is of such a length that it opens
the exhaust valve E during the exhausting stroke of the piston but leaves the valve
upon its seat during the other parts of the cycle as will be seen more clearly by
referring to Fig. 5.
The exhaust and arrangements may however be constructed as shown at Figs. 7
and 8 or as shown at Fig. 9. A hole or passage E is formed as shown in the cylinder Z.
E is a passage to the exhaust pipe E. E is a packing ring of asbestos or other
suitable material to make an airtight joint. F is a piece fitting the hole or recess as
shown. The valve E' is actuated by the reciprocating rod E3 as shown at Fig. 7
or 9 by a projection F2 and a gradual opening of the exhaust effected during the
exhausting stroke. A spring 3 may be used to bring the exhaust back to its seat
when F is withdrawn. A block F' as shown at Fig. 7 and in cross section as shown
at Fig. 8 on line X X of Fig. 7 or a small hinged piece. F³ with a roller as shown
at Fig. 9 may be inserted to prevent side wear of the valve spindle. A guide or
guides F Figs. 7 and 9 guide the reciprocating rod E3. The action in this case
is as follows: The rod E³ is timed to reciprocate at the suitable time so that the
incline F opens the exhaust valve and holds it open during the period of exhausting.
As previously mentioned a cam may be substituted for the eccentric A. though
we prefer an eccentric as shown.
Having now particularly described the nature of our said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is
First. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine an eccentric or
eam rotated about or around the main or crank shaft of the engine and not rigidly
attached thereto but geared to run in connection with the said shaft the whole
forming a self contained gear protected from external dirt and injury constructed in
the manner and for the purpose as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Second. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine an eccentrie
or cam which can revolve upon the engine shaft said eccentric or cam having a
bevil wheel or pinion D attached to it this bevil wheel or pinion gearing with a
bevil wheel or pinion fixed to the engine shaft and another bevil wheel or pinion
held stationary by a stop in the manner and for the purpose as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings Figures 1 and 2.
Third. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine the combination
of parts consisting of the pinion C being held in position by a stop as described the
eccentric or cam A having the pinion D within a recess in it and the pinion Bupon
the engine shaft constructed in the manner and for the purpose described and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine an eccentric
or cam which can revolve around the main shaft of the engine said eccentric or
cam being made with internal teeth which gear into a pinion interposed between it
and a toothed pinion fixed on the engine shaft in the manner as described and
illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine the combination

page_text: of parts consisting of the pinion K gearing into the pinion L the said pinion L
gearing into the internal teeth of the ring A the said gearing being enclosed
between the side plates to protect it from injury and having a stop such as N to
prevent it from turning all as described and shown at Figures 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
Sixth. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine an eccentric
or cam which revolves about or around the crank shaft of the engine said eccentric
or cam having internal teeth and said teeth gearing into a pinion on the engine
shaft the said gearing being enclosed by side plates and the said main shaft acting
as a support for the gear in the manner and for the purpose as described and
illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.
Seventh. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine the com-
bination of the pinion K the cam or eccentric ring A having internal teeth and
the side plates T. T¹ the said gear being thus enclosed and protected from dirt
or injury in the manner and for the purpose described and illustrated in Figures 5
and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighth. The combination of the toothed pinion K gearing directly into the
internal teeth of the cam or eccentric ring A and enclosed from dirt or injury by
the said ring and the side plates T. T for actuating the exhaust valve of an
internal ignition engine in the manner and substantially as described and illustrated
by Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Ninth. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine the peculiar
construction and mechanism of the exhaust valve having the reciprocating rod Es
which actuates it in the manner described and shown at Figure 7 combined with the
construction which enables it to be removed without disturbing the exhaust pipe
and having the block Fall as described and shown at Figures 7 and 8 of the
accompanying drawings.
Tenth. In an internal ignition engine such as a gas or oil engine the combina-
tion of the parts formning the mechanism constructed as and for the purpose as
described and shown at Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Eleventh. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine forming
the pinion C Figures 1 and 2 with a stop or lever which stop may be fixed in such
a position that the gear is held in position suitable for working the engine forward
and in another position for working the engine backwards as described and shown
at Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Twelfth. In an internal ignition engine such as an oil or gas engine forming a
stop or lever as shown at M Figure 3 with the side plate R to which the axis
of the pinion L is attached the said stop or lever being held in one or other
position for holding the gear in suitable position for running the engine backwards
or forwards as described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 24th day of January 1894.
ARNOLD EDMUND ROBINSON.
HORACE ROBINSON.