Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Cooling Liquids.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Jan., 1894-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Cooling Liquids.
I, WALTER HENRY WEBB, of 59, Balliol Road, Bootle, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to the cooling of liquids, more especially those
liquids which require great cleanliness of cooling surface over which they flow,
namely, such as milk and cream.
According to this invention, the milk or cream to be cooled is first cooled by natural
cooling means, namely, by passing it over a surface (such as a corrugated surface,
vertically arranged, or otherwise, and capable of being easily cleaned), and cooled
by passing water from any suitable source of supply over same on the opposite side
to which the milk is cooled. The milk so cooled by natural means is then subjected
to artificial cooling, by passing it over surfaces which are maintained in a cool state
by expanded ammonia, or other medium, which is passed through the cooling
apparatus by pipes, and to which the heat is conducted through an intermediate
liquid between the cooling surface and the pipes, or otherwise, directly. The
surface of this artificially cooling apparatus will also be such that it can be easily
cleaned and seen, and kept clean.
Thus according to this invention, milk or cream is in its warm state cooled down
to a certain extent by the natural temperature of water; and then having been so
cooled, is further cooled to the desired extent below the natural temperature by an
apparatus artificially cooled.
Apparatus operating in the manner above described may take different forms,
as for instance, the natural cooler may consist of corrugated surfaces between
which water circulates, say from the bottom upwards; whilst the artificial cooling
apparatus may consist of a casing horizontally arranged, and under the natural
cooler, and having inclined surfaces or stepped surfaces down which the milk or
cream will flow, and having also inside it, pipes through which expanded ammonia
or other cooling medium may circulate or pass, the casing being filled with brine
or other suitable liquid, surrounding said pipes. The milk flowing from this
cooling surface may pass or fall into a tray, out of which it may be drawn in a
cool condition.
In another form the natural cooling apparatus and the artificial cooling
apparatus may be disposed vertically one above the other; that is, in this case
the artificial cooling apparatus (which may have corrugated cooling surfaces)
would be an upright or vertical arrangement under the other, the milk or cream
flowing direct from the natural, over the surface of the artificial cooling apparatus.
However, the invention is not limited to these or any particular form of surfaces
or parts, as the mode above specified may be carried out by different forms of
apparatus.
$1 1000

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Cooling Liquids.
I, WALTER HENRY WEBB, of 59, Balliol Road, Bootle, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to the cooling of liquids, more especially. those
liquids which require great cleanliness of cooling surface over which they flow,
namely, such as milk and cream.
According to this invention, the milk or cream to be cooled is first cooled by
natural.cooling means, namely, by passing it over a surface (such as a corrugated
surface, vertically arranged, or otherwise, and capable of being easily cleaned),
and cooled by passing water from any suitable source of supply over same on the
opposite side to which the milk is cooled. The milk so cooled by natural means is
then subjected to artificial cooling, by passing it over surfaces which are maintained
in a cool state by expanded ammonia, or other medium, which is passed through
the cooling apparatus by pipes, and to which the heat is conducted through an
intermediate liquid between the cooling surface and the pipes, or otherwise,
directly. The surface of this artificially cooling apparatus will also be such that
it can be easily cleaned and seen, and kept clean.
Thus according to this invention, milk or cream is in its warm state cooled down
to a certain extent by the natural temperature of water; and then having been so
cooled, is further cooled to the desired extent below the natural temperature by an
apparatus artificially cooled.
Apparatus operating in the manner above described may take different forms, as
for instance, the natural cooler may consist of corrugated surfaces between which
water circulates, say from the bottom upwards; whilst the artificial cooling
apparatus may consist of a casing horizontally arranged, and under the natural
cooler, and having inclined surfaces or stepped surfaces down which the milk or
cream will flow, and having also inside it, pipes through which expanded ammonia
or other cooling medium may circulate or pass, the casing being filled with brine or
other suitable liquid surrounding said pipes. The milk flowing from this cooling
surface may pass or fall into a tray, out of which it may be drawn in a cool
condition.
In another form the natural cooling apparatus and the artificial cooling apparatus
may be disposed vertically one above the other, that is, in this case the artificially
cooling apparatus (which may have corrugated cooling surfaces) would be an
upright or vertical arrangement under the other, the milk or cream flowing direct
from the natural, over the surface of the artificial cooling apparatus. However,
the invention is not limited to these or the particular form of surfaces or parts
specified, as the mode above specified may be carried out by different modified
forms of such apparatus.
Drawings illustrating the above described invention are hereto annexed. In
these drawings,
Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of one arrangement and combination
under this invention, and Figure 2 is a cross section shewing same.
Figure 3 is a side elevation, and Figure 4 a cross section shewing another
arrangement and combination under this invention.
Referring now to the drawings, A designates generally that part of the apparatus
wherein the cooling is effected by water of a natural temperature and the primary
cooling of the milk or cream performed; while B designates that part of the
apparatus wherein the final cooling action is effected, the cooling fluid or medium
used being at an artificially low temperature,

page_text: The upper part A comprises a hopper a with a double conical bottom a¹ a¹, with
apertures in the lower edges thereof to distribute the milk or cream equally over
the two side surfaces of the cooler; the cooling chamber consisting of two parallel
corrugated thin metal plates b; pipes c and c by which the water is introduced
into the space within the plates b and taken away therefrom, said pipes being
provided with perforations for the equal distribution of the cooling water; and
end plates d in or to which the said plates bare fastened in any known suitable way.
The lower and finishing cooling part B of the apparatus, comprises the parallel
corrugated thin metal plates f; a stack of continuous tubes through which the
cooling fluid-such as expanded ammonia-is passed, and of which h¹ and h² are
the inlet and outlet pipes; spouts i on the lower sides of the plates of by which the
cooled milk or cream is conducted away from the apparatus; end plates k in or to
which the plates fare fastened in any known way; and the base on which the
apparatus stands. In conjunction with these there are inlet and outlet pipes m
and m', and a circulator a, by which the brine used within the plates f is artificially
circulated through the space therein and over the pipes.
The casings or side plates 6 are made of thin tinned copper or other suitable
metal, and, as stated, are fixed to the end plates d in any known suitable way. The
lower ends of the plates b are fixed to the crown f¹ of the plates f enclosing the
pipes h of the lower artificial portion B.
In action, the cream or milk to be cooled is introduced into the vessel a, and
passes out at the bottom thereof through the apertures therein, onto the opposite
cooling plates b, and flows down over the corrugations thereof, the cooling water
used within the space between the plates b being at the natural temperature, the
cooler water entering at the bottom by the pipe c', and passing off, carrying with it
the heat transferred to it from the milk or cream, by the upper pipe c. The milk
or cream then flows directly from the cooling surface of the A portion of the
apparatus, onto the corrugated sides of the B portion, and flows down over same,
finally leaving the apparatus by the spouts or troughs i at the required temperature.
The heat which leaves the milk or cream while under the action of the B portion,
is transferred to the artificially produced fluid in the pipes h-say expanded
ammonia-by way of the brine which fills the space between the plates and the
pipes h, the colder ammonia being brought in at the bottom by the pipe h¹ and
passing out from the upper part of the stack by the pipe h².
The brine is artificially circulated by the motor n-which say is an ordinary
rotary motor-to render the transference of heat from the milk or cream to the
ammonia more rapid, and uniform.
In the arrangement shewn in Figures 3 and 4, the portion A cooled by water at
the natural temperature is substantially identical with that set forth with reference
to Figures 1 and 2; but the lower portion B is arranged horizontally, and is
enclosed at the ends and bottom by a collecting trough, with an outlet i on the
underside thereof. The upper plate f of the cooling surface is stepped downwards
as shewn, the under-surface being plain.
The pipes through which the artificially cooled fluid is passed, are disposed
within the cooling plates f, and surrounded with brine as in the arrangement shewn
in Figures 1 and 2, h' and he being the inlet and outlet pipes.
The collecting trough i¹ may be adapted to be lowered and taken away from the
apparatus, so as to enable it to be readily cleaned; and for this purpose the other
part of the apparatus may be supported or carried from the end plates d or k in any
suitable way.
In operation, in this case, the milk or cream cooled by the A portion falls onto
the upper surface of the upper cooling plate of the B portion, and flows down
over the stepped upper surface thereof; and then underneath between the lower
surface and the bottom of the collecting trough it, and is so artificially cooled,
leaving the trough by the spout i.
One important advantage and effect afforded by this invention in connection
with the cooling of milk and cream-beyond the economy obtained by using

page_text: "power" only for the second or last stage of cooling, and the consequent relatively
small or less powerful motor and machinery for producing the artificial "cold"
-is, that where milk or cream has to be carried for considerable distances, in the
colder parts of the year, it may be shipped at a higher temperature without risk of
going bad or being harmed, than at other times of the year, and the whole cooling
of the milk in such a caso may bo cffceted by water at the natural temperature
(which will be colder at such time of the year) by the A portion of the apparatus,
and all artificial cooling, and its consequent cost of production is obviated, this only
being required in the warmer parts of the year. In the warmer seasons, however,
when the natural temperature of water is relatively high, and the milk or cream
liable to become heated in transit, it is necessary that the milk or cream should be
cooled considerably below the temperature of water generally obtainable, before being
sent off and this must be quickly done. In such cases, this is effected by this
invention rapidly and readily, and, at the same time, with a relatively small amount
of power being employed, and cost, and by a small plant or machinery.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Effecting the cooling of liquids, as milk and cream, substantially as herein
set forth, that is to say, by the combined cooling treatment of first passing it over
a surface cooled by water at the natural temperature, and then by passing it over a
surface cooled by a fluid the temperature of which is artificially produced.
2. In apparatus for cooling liquids, as milk or cream, the combination of an
upper portion as A having parallel cooling plates over the outer surface of which
said milk or cream is passed, and which plates are kept cool by water passed
over the inner surfaces of same, i.e. within the space between said plates; and a
lower portion as B, over the outer surfaces of the plates of which the milk is passed
and artificially cooled, said surfaces being kept cool by a liquid-contained within
said plates which remains fluid at a low temperature, and is kept cool by a fluid
the low temperature of which is artificially produced, and passed through pipes
disposed within said liquid; substantially as herein set forth.
3. The aparatus for cooling milk or cream comprising an upper part A having
parallel cooling plates over the outer surfaces of which the milk or cream is passed,
which plates are kept cool by water circulated over the inner surfaces of same, i.e.
within the space between said plates; and a lower part B over the outer surfaces
of the plates of which the milk or cream is passed and artificially cooled, and
within which a cooling liquid which remains liquid at a low temperature is contained,
as brine, and kept artificially circulated therein by a circulating motor in connection
with said part B, said liquid being maintained at a low temperature artificially by a
cooling fluid such as specified-the temperature of which is artificially produced-
circulated through pipes disposed within said liquid; substantially as herein
set forth.
4. Apparatus for cooling liquids, as milk or cream, having parts arranged,
combined, and adapted to operate particularly as set forth with reference to
Figures 1 and 2, and Figures 3 and 4, respectively, of the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of January 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.