IMPROVE MENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Emile Giajola, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Lamp Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS."
Sealed the 27th July 1866, and dated the 31st January 1866..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Emile Giajola
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st January 1866.
I, CHARLES EMILE GIAJOLA, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Lamp Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
railway and other lamps, whereby a current of air is delivered in the middle
of the flames of the lamps, and brilliant flames thereby produced without
the necessity for using a glass chimney to the burners of the said lamps.
In constructing railway roof lamps according to my Invention I fix on
the summit of the oil reservoir a case in which a circular fan works, a pipe
from the bottom of the said case opening within the argand or tubular
wick of the lamp. In order to give rotation to the said fan its axis is
prolonged through the case of the lamp to the outside of the said ease, and

page_text: its outer end is provided with a series of vanes protected by a perforated
case. When the lamp is fixed in its place on the roof of a railway carriage,
and the case containing the vanes turned towards the advancing end of the
carriage, the current of air which is thereby made to strike upon the vanes
gives to them and to the fan a rotatory motion, and causes a current of air
to be delivered by the fan into the centre of the flame. In the case of side
and head lamps and ships' lamps the vanes and fan may be dispensed with,
the current of air directed to the centre of the flame being produced in the
following manner :-In the foot of the lamp and in front of the said foot is
a large opening covered with; one or two layers of wire gauze; connected
with this opening is a tube which passes to the burner, the said tube at the
opening being of the size of the opening, but gradually diminishing as it
approaches the burner, its diameter at the burner being so small that it
readily passes up the burner. By the motion of the carriage or ship a
current of air is made to enter the opening in the foot of the lamp and to
pass to the centre of the flame. The last-described arrangement for pro-
ducing a current of air may also be adopted at the back of the foot of the
lamp as well as at the front, so that a current is produced whichever way
the carriage or vessel carrying the lamp is moved.
My Invention is especially applicable to railway lamps, but may also be
usefully applied to carriage lamps, ships' lamps, and other lamps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said, Charles Emile Giajola in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS, SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
EMILE GIAJOLA, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lamp Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of. January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year. of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Emile Giajola, Her special licence that I, the said
Charles Emile Giajola, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such.
others as I, the said Charles Emile Giajola, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
aud at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and

page_text: lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY. AND OTHER. LAMPS," upon. the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Emile Giajola, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,. or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after.the
date of the said Letters Patent...
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Emile Giajola, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:--
My Invention relates to railway and other carriage lamps, and consists of
improvements.therein. which have for their object to increase the light by
a peculiar mode of supplying air to the centre. of the flame. The means
by which I propose to effect this object are as follows:-At the side. of the
lamp I fix in a perforated case a fan, the vanes..of which are set at an
angle with its shaft, to be impelled by the air passing through the perfora-
tions when .the carriage is in motion. By preference I place this fan at
the front of the lamp, in which case the air propels it by impinging on the
vanes in the direction of its axis of motion. Upon the axis of the fan above
described, which I denominate the outer fan, I also mount a blowing fan,
the vanes of which are at right angles to the axis of motion. This fan is
inclosed in a flat circular box, at the bottom of which there is a perforation
where. a blow pipe is fitted, down which the air. is impelled as. the fans
rotate; this pipe is carried down through the centre of one of the oil ducts,
through the wick holder, and terminates and opens in the. inner tube of
the wick holder, and thus an additional quantity of air is supplied to the
burning wick. For regulating the supply of air the case of the outer fan
may be made double, and the openings for the admission of air be thereby
regulated as required. A second. fan may be added on the opposite side
of the lamps, so that they need not be turned in case the carriages are
reversed.
The accompanying Drawing, which is intended to form part of this
Specification, and to which the following explanation applies, is intended
to illustrate a lamp constructed according to my said Invention.

page_text: EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a railway carriage lamp shewing the position
of the outer fan on a reduced scale;. the remaining Figs. shew the im-
proved parts full size; Fig. 2 is a front view of the outer fan and case
detached; Fig. 3 is a side view, of the outer and inner fans, partly in
section, shewing the air pipe; Fig. 4 is a side view of the under part of
the lamp, shewing the burner; Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of the
burner and air pipe taken at the line A, B, Fig. 4; Figs. 6 and 7 are side
and front views respectively of the cotton holder detached, shewing the
direction of the air pipe to the centre tube or well hole of the burner.
The following reference applies to the entire Drawing. a is the case of
the outer fan; b, perforations therein for the ingress of air; c, a stay by
which the outer case is fixed; d, the axis of the fans; e, the outer fan,
which consists of a thin disc of metal in which radial slits are cut and the
sections twisted to a uniform angle with the axis;f, the inner fan, which may
either be similar to the outer one or be formed with right angle vanes; g, a
case in which the latter fan is inclosed; h, an air pipe down which air is
driven by the inner fan when the carriage is in motion; i, the oil pipe,
through the centre of which the air pipe passes; in some cases one of the
ordinary double [oil pipes may be used as an air pipe; j, the wick holder; k,
openings in the side of the wick holder through which the air pipe is carried
into the well hole; 1, the oil pipe. The plain arrows shew the direction of
the air from the exterior of the lamp to the burner, and the feathered arrows
the oil ducts;. m, the wick.
Without restricting myself to the precise details herein described and
illustrated on the Drawing, I claim the mode of impelling and conducting
air to the burners of lamps for increasing the flame or illuminating
power thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Emile Giajola, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
year
:
CHARLES EMILE GIAJOLA.
(L.S.)