IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles de Féral, of Longeville, near Metz, in the Empire
of Germany, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS." Partly a communication
from abroad by Auguste Dufrane, of 12, Rue Chateaudun, Paris, in the
Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles de Féral at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1880.
CHARLES DE FÉRAL, of Longeville, near Metz, in the Empire of Germany, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND
TRAMWAYS." [Partly a communication from abroad by Auguste Dufrane, of
12, Rue Chateaudun, Paris, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in the permanent way of railways
and tramways.
I form the permanent ways of railways with rails and longitudinal sleepers such
as are represented in section at Figure 1. The rails are of steel and the sleepers
of iron. The rail and the sleeper are attached the one to the other by transverse
horizontal pins which are fastened by keys or wedges. The pins are not exposed
to strain, for the rail takes a bearing upon the sleeper along the central ridge, and
by its flanges on either side.
Screw bolts may be substituted for these pins. The rails and the sleepers should
be laid to break joint. The sleepers may be either continuous or they may be
laid at intervals, according as the traffic is more or less heavy.
The gauge is
maintained by tie rods passing transverse. Figures 2, 3, and 4 represent sections
of the permanent way for tramways. The paving blocks overlap the wings of the
sleepers and are so kept up to the level of the rail. The sleepers may be continuous
or discontinuous; in the latter case they may be connected by iron attachments,
or the concrete bed will serve to keep them in their places.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the. Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles de Féral in the Great. Seal Patent Office on the 24th
January 1881.
CHARLES DE FÉRAL, of Longeville, near Metz, in the Empire of Germany,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS AND
Partly a communication from abroad by Auguste Dufrane, of
12, Rue Chateaudun, Paris, in the Republic of France.
Civil Engineer.
TRAMWAYS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the permanent way of railways
and tramways.
I form the permanent way of railways with rails and longitudinal sleepers such
as are represented in section at Figure 1. The rails are of steel and the sleepers
of iron. The rail and the sleeper are attached the one to the other by transverse
,horizontal pins which are fastened by keys or wedges. The pins are not exposed
to strain, for the rail takes a bearing upon the sleeper along the central ridge and
by its flanges on either side. Screw bolts may be substituted for these pins. The
"rails and the sleepers should be laid to break joint. The sleepers may be either
continuous or they may be laid at intervals, according as the traffic is more or less
heavy. The gauge is maintained by transverse tie rods applied in the manner
represented by Figure 12, which shows a transverse section; Figures 2, 3, and 4
represent sections of the permanent way for tramways. The paving blocks overlap
the wings of the sleepers, and are so kept up to the level of the rail. Figure 2a
shows a section of a tramway line to a smaller scale. The sleepers may be con-
tinuous, as seen in plan at Figure 2b, or discontinuous as at Figure 2°; in the
latter case they may be connected by iron attachments, or the concrete bed will
serve to keep them in their places.
I claim the improved permanent ways of railways and tramways, substantially
as described and shown in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles de Féral, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
OT
PÉRAL
DA
Gol