Improvements in Machinery Used in the Sand Blast Process.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1889-Accepted, 16th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery Used in the Sand Blast Process.
I, JESSE CHARLES PEACOCK of Clement Street Works, Clement Street Birmingham,
in the county of Warwick Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
In conducting the sand blast process, a stream of sand is projected, by a jet of air,
produced by an air compressor or exhauster, and forced against the surface of the
glass, or any other material in course of operation.
My Invention relates to improvements in certain parts of machinery used in the
said process whereby I am enabled to produce more perfect work.
I employ an air compressor or exhauster of ordinary construction and 1 effect
certain improvements in the construction of the piston, piston rod and valves employed
therein which consists in fixing at each end of the cylinder slides carrying cross-
heads, the piston having a continuous rod, projecting from each end of the cylinder.
to which is attached the cross-heads. The said cross-heads supporting the piston rods
and piston upon the slides.
The piston rod being a little cambered, is evenly balanced to the centre of cylinder,
and a little larger towards the top of the cylinder than the bottom.
Thus it balances, central upon the said slides and cross, heads, and through the
cylinder, allowing. the said piston to work freely in the cylinder, and reducing the
friction to a minimum.
The cross heads are made adjustable in case of wear, the piston being made deep and
boxed up, forms a light hollow floating mass, the air ports of the cylinder are placed.
on the bottom of the cylinder; all the valve boxes are underneath, having large
surface hinged flaps with rubber valves thus obviating the sand choking the cylinder,
or wearing the piston.
In carrying my invention into effect 1 employ an ordinary reservoir made of
wrought iron.
In this reservoir the air is condensed or compressed, also forms a receptacle for the
sand used in the said process. A pipe connects this reservoir to the compresser or
exhauster, a current of air and sand is carried through a pipe at the bottom side of the
reservoir, to the surface of the glass, or other material to be operated upon. The
apparatus I employ in the said operation consists of a strong cast iron box, rectangular
or round in shape, the upper surface of this box is partly closed, the open space having
a.grating and fitted with sliding doors.
Upon this opening, the sheet of glass, or material to be operated upon rests, the
sliding doors closing up. the remaining space and forming guides for the glass.
If desired this opening may be varied in shape or form and size to suit the different
sizes or shapes of material to be operated upon.
The bottom of the said box is also provided with a slide for the purpose hereafter
described.
Standing vertically in the box is a pipe, connected to the reservoir, this said pipe
some distance below its orifice, I fit a joint having trunnion like arms working in a
bearing on either sides of the said pipe.
The object of this arrangement is to give the pipe a to and fro oscilating motion
during the sand blast operation, which causes the sand to be equally distributed upon
the whole surface of the glass or material and produces very perfect work.
The to and fro motion of the pipe I effect in the following manner.
A little below the bottom of the box I connect to the vertical pipe a jointed rod,
the other end of this rod 1 connect to a disc which is driven by means of a shaft

page_text: and pulleys, mounted upon a strong frame, rotary motion is given to the shaft by
a band.
The constant rotary motion of this disc, causes the outlet or vertical pipe, to oscilate
to and fro during sand blast process, thus giving the vertical pipe either an angular
circular motion or a semi-circular motion.
The bottom of the box being fitted with a slide, the vertical pipe is fitted in the
centre thereof, this arrangement prevents the sand from falling through the bottom of
the box, also acting as a guide for the pipe.
I do not confine myself to using the arrangement described for giving the to and
fro movement to the pipe, I may perform the work, by means of a cam and lever
arrangement, or by using a rack and pinion, or other mechanism.
Inside the aforesaid box I attach a strip of sheet iron jointed or piveted at each
end, and having a handle connected outside the said box. This arrangement I use
for closing up the top of the pipe, when it is required to examine or change the
glass which I am enabled to do without having to stop the apparatus.
The said box is fitted with a return pipe for conducting back to the reservoir the
sand which has been used in the sand blast process.
The valve is provided at the bottom of the reservoir and is operated by means of
springs or levers which may be opened and closed instantaneously as may be
required.
The object of this improvement is to do a quantity of work of equal dimension; a
good and even surface is obtained by simply passing the articles over the orafice or by
which means any part of a large article may be operated on to any size required,
also by changeing the top of the iron box, almost any kind of work may be operated
upon.
Dated this Twenty-first day of December 1888
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery Used in the Sand Blast Process.
I JESSE CHARLES PEACOCK of Clement Street, Works, Clement Street Birmingham,
in the county of Warwick Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Improvements in machinery used in the sand blast process.
In conducting the sand blast process a stream of sand is projected by a jet of air
produced by an air compressor or exhauster and forced against the surface of the
glass or any other material in course of operation.
My invention relates to improvements in certain parts of machinery used in the
said process, whereby I am enabled to produce more perfect work.
I employ an air exhauster of ordinary construction, and I effect certain improve-
ments in the construction of the piston, piston rod and valves employed therein,
which consists in fixing at each end of the cylinder slides carrying cross-heads, the
piston having a continuous rod projecting from each end of the cylinder to which
is attached the cross-heads, the said cross-heads supporting the piston rods and piston
upon the slides.
The piston rod being a little cambered, is evenly balanced to the centre of the
cylinder, or a little larger towards the top of the cylinder than the bottom.
Thus it balances central upon the said slides and cross-heads, and through the cylinder
allowing the said piston to work freely in the cylinder and reducing the friction to a
minimum.
The cross-heads are made adjustable in case of wear the piston being made deep
and boxed up forms a light hollow floating mass the air ports of the cylinder are
placed on the bottom of the cylinder and all the valve boxes are underneath, having

page_text: large surface hinged flaps with rubber valves, thus obviating the sand choking the
cylinder or wearing the piston. In carrying my invention into effect I employ an
ordinary reservoir made of wrought iron.
In this reservoir the air is exhausted; it also forms a receptacle for the sand used
in the said process.
A pipe connects this reservoir to the exhauster, a current of air and sand is
carried through a pipe at the bottom side of the reservoir to the surface of the
glass, or other material to be operated upon. The apparatus I employ in the said
operation consists of a strong cast iron box, rectangular or round in shape, the upper
surface of this box is partly closed, the open space having a grating and fitted with
sliding doors.
Upon this opening the sheet of glass or material to be operated upon rests, the
sliding doors closing up the remaining space and forming guides for the glass if desired
this opening may be varied in shape or form and size to suit the different sizes or
shapes of glass to be operated upon. The bottom of the said box is also provided
with a slide for the purpose hereafter described.
Standing vertically in the box is a pipe connected to the reservoir, this said pipe
some distance below its orifice.
I fit a joint having trunnion like arms working in a bearing on either sides of the
said pipe. The object of this arrangement is to give the pipe a to and fro, or
oscillating motion during the sand blast operation which causes the sand to be equally
distributed upon the whole surface of the glass or material, and produces very perfect
work. The to and fro motion of the pipe I effect in the following manner. A little below
the bottom of the box I connect to the vertical pipe a jointed rod the other end of
this rod I connect to a disc which is driven by means of a shaft and pulleys
mounted upon a strong frame, rotary motion is given to the shaft by a band. The
constant rotary motion of this disc causes the outlet or vertical pipe to oscilate to and
fro during sand blast process, thus giving the vertical pipe either an angular, or a
circular, or a semi-circular, motion. The bottom of the box being fitted with a slide
the vertical pipe is fitted in the centre thereof, this arrangement prevents the sand
from falling through the bottom of the box. A slot acting as a guide for the pipe.
I do not confine myself to using the arrangement described for giving the to and fro
movement to the pipe. I may perform the work by means of a cam and lever
arrangement, or by using a rack and pinion or other mechanism.
Inside the aforesaid box I attach a strip of sheet iron jointed or pivoted at each
end, and having a handle connected outside the said box. This arrangement I use for
closing up the top of the pipe when it is required to examine or change the glass,
which I am enabled to do without having to stop the apparatus.
The said box is fitted with a return pipe for conducting back to the reservoir the
sand which has been used in the sand blast process. A valve is provided at the bottom
of the reservoir and is operated by means of a spring lever which may be opened and
closed instantaneously as may be required.
The object of this improvement is to do a quantity of work of equal dimensions.
A good and even surface is obtained by simply passing the article over the orifice, or
by which means any part of a large article may be operate. upon to any size required,
also by changeing the top of the iron box, any kind of work may be operated upon.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings, the
manner in which my invention is to be performed:
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, Figure 2 in end elevation and Figure 3 a
plan of my improved machinery used in the sand blast process, constructed according
to my invention, the various parts being represented in the position in which they
occupy, the air exhauster being shown connected to the machinery. Figure 4 and 5
show in large views in vertical sections of the parts of the machinery in which the
sand blast is conducted. Figure 6 is a complete plan of figure 4 showing all parts
in position. Figure 7 is a plan of figure 4 with certain parts removed showing the
interior of the box. Figure 8 and 88 are plans of the underside of Figure 5.

page_text: Figure 1 are sectional views of one of the valve boxes taken through the cylinder.
The same letters indicate the same parts in the several figures of the drawings. a is
the cylinder of an exhauster, é is the piston having a continuous rod, 6 and which
being a little cambered allows the piston to work.freely in the cylinder, it is supported
central on the slides e and e¹ by the cross-heads d and ¹. and e³ are valve boxes
placed underneath the cylinder shown in section at Figure 1. are the ports or
valves with hinged rubber flaps e. The placing of them underneath the cylinder
allows more space in the ports and prevents the sand from entering the .cylinder,
which falls instead of entering with the air. f is a wrought iron reservoir or air
chamber connected to the exhauster by the pipe g at the valve box c². g² is the
exhaust pipe conducting the exhaust from the exhauster.
The bottom part of the air chamber being conical forms a chamber for the sand
which falls down the vertical pipe f¹ through the sand valve f3 which is regulated
by the lever m and spring m¹, and the connecting rod m² a current of air entering
at carries the sand into the longitudinal pipe h, which is provided with openings
fitted with covers 2 and ² used for cleaning and examining the pipe. A branch
pipe is used for admitting air also. Standing vertically over the bent end of the
pipe is the oscillating pipe having a funnel inouth resting on trunnion arms ij
working in the bearings o o, this pipe conducts the sand to the surface of the glass to
be operated upon.
k is a rectangular cast iron box shown on a large scale at
Figares 4 to 8 the upper surface of this box has a rectangular opening & fitted with
two or more bars t2 t2.
Working in a dove-tail seating shown at Figure 7 are two sliding doors PP,
which forms guides for the glass u-S S are rubber flaps used for preventing the sand
escaping during operations. S2 is an iron strap for holding the glass and sliding
doors in position. X represents iron legs for supporting the box k. At the bottom
of the box is a longitudinal slot v shown more plainly at Figure 8 which is covered
by a slide a working in a dovetail seat w² which prevents the sand from falling through
the slot, the pipe is fixed to the slide wand works freely in the slot v, a to and fro
motion being given to the pipe by the jointed rod 3 which is connected to the rotary
disc 2 and driven by a shaft and pulley 4 the whole being mounted by a strong
frame 5. Inside the rectangular box k the strip of sheet iron y is jointed at y having
a handle Z forms a check valve which is used for closing up the orifice of the pipe i
when it is required to examine the glass. The horizontal pipe n is used for conducting
the used sand from the box & to the sand chamber f². The action of the machine is
as follows, the glass u being placed on the upper surface of the box k partly covers
the opening t, the sliding doors P P are brought to bear on either sides of the glass,
and hold it in the position as shown at Figures 1, 3, 4, 6.
The Exhauster is put into motion by means of the band and pulleys, air is drawn
into the pipe h at the open end 4, likewise at h¹, carries the sand which has fallen
from the sand chamber 2 down the pipe f' the supply being regulated by the
lever m and the rod m² along the pipe h, and up the pipe i to the surface of the glass
as shown at Figure 4, the pipe making a to and fro motion by the cam 2 and the
rod 3 distributes the sand equally over the surface of the glass, the different positions
which the pipe takes is indicated by the dotted lines figure 4, the glass being pushed
forward or drawn backwards by the hand of the operator produces most perfect work,
the opening t may be made any shape or form or size to suit the different sizes
or shapes of glass or other material to be operated on. When it is required to
vary the work that is to operate on any part of a large surface or to operate on
any shape or size of an article or to change the work, the same is performed by
the sand valve ƒ³, operated by the lever m.
The sand after operating on the surface of the glass is carried by the current of
air along the return pipe into the chamber where it separates from the air by
falling into the conical part 2, the air being drawn into the cylinder of the exhauster
through the valves, e and exhausted by the return of the piston e through the valves e
into the pipe 9. The arrows indicate the direction of the air.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
First Improvements in machinery used in the sand blast process herein before
described and illustrated with the accompaning drawings, that is to say the
construction of the piston employed in the exhauster which is evenly balanced and
forms a floating mass in the cylinder, a continuous rod which is a little cambered
and supported on slides at each end of the cylinder, also in the construction and
arrangement of the valves as illustrated at Figures 1 and 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
Secondly-The construction and arrangement of parts of the machinery used in
the sand blast process herein before described and illustrated where a sheet of glass or
other material of any size or shape may be placed on the upper surface of a rectangular
or other shape box, and operated upon by a constant stream of sand drawn by the air
from the exhauster, and equally distributed on the surface of the glass by a vibrating
or oscillating pipe, having a to and fro, or an angular, or a circular, or a semi-circular,
motion caused by the said pipe sliding in the slot shown at Figures 8, and 8B and
working on trunnion arms, or by other means; the motion which is obtained by
a disc and lever a rack and pinion or other mechanism substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in the several figures of the drawings.
Dated this 20th day of September 1889.
V