matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND IN APPARATUS CON- NECTED THERE WITH FOR MAKING OR PRESSING BLOCKS OR BRICKS OP COAL OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1862.
I, HENRY FLETCHER, of No. -5, Cornwall Crescent, Camden Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
." IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND IN APPARATUS CON-
NECTED THERE WITH FOR MAKING OR PRESSING BLOCKS OR BRICKS OP COAL OR
OTHER MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to introduce self-acting or mechanical appara-
tus to some extent where manual labour is now employed. For this purpose
I employ a self-acting valve such as a double or compensating valve, con-
structed of valves of unequal size, and I so arrange them that when the
pressure of water is exerted it tends to open them; they compensate each
other except by the difference of their sizes, this difference or inequality
is compensated by means of a lever and weight or spring or by other suit-
able means, so that the valves may be kept to their seats or bearings by a
force which may be adjusted or varied as desired. When the pressure of
the water on the difference of the two valves exceeds the force or pressure
of the lever or weight the valves will open. I employ a tumbler, weight,
or other convenient means to operate on the lever so that when the valve
opens it may be kept for a time wide open. When the valve is thus opened
the press ram will recede in the ordinary manner. For the purpose of
making or pressing blocks or bricks of coal or other material, I attach studs

page_text: and levers or other suitable apparatus to or connected with the press ram,
so that in the act of receding it will actuate or set in gear and in motion
machinery or appliances to move the frame or turntable in which are the
moulds or boxes for making or pressing blocks or bricks of coal or other
material, so as to move the mould containing the compressed material and
present the next mould to the action of the ram to be pressed; and I attach
studs, levers, or other apparatus to the frame or turntable so that the valve
before mentioned is "set on," and the press ram is thus again set to work
until the water pressure again opens the valve, and the operation is repeated.
Where there is a second hydraulic ram to press out the blocks from the
moulds I affix apparatus for it to work in unison with the other press, so that
the mould frame may "set on" the valve as required; the ram is caused to
recede by its opening the valve as soon as the block is forced out of the
mould. I may affix an indicator to the apparatus or machinery which will
show the number of blocks made in a given time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CROSSINGS AND TURNTABLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Irlam at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1862.
I, WILLIAM IRLAM, of the Gibraltar Iron Works, Newton Heath, near the
City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CROSSINGS AND
TURNTABLES," to be as follows:-
My improvement in the construction of railway crossings relates more
particularly to the crossings for which Letters Patent were granted to me on
the Twenty-ninth day of November One thousand eight huudred and fifty-five,
Number 2694, and it consists in securing the steel or wrought-iron plates,
marked h, h, in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of accompanying Sheet of Drawings, to the
foundation plate e, in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, of the crossing by casting them
together.
A convenient mode of performing this part of my Invention is as follows:-
The plates h, h, are moulded in the sand with the foundation plate, they are
then removed and heated, and replaced in the mould, into which the molten
iron is run in the usual manner. By this means the plates h, h, are firmly
united with aud adhere to the foundation plate, thus dispensing with the bolts
or rivets heretofore requisite.
My improvement in the construction of railway turntables is applicable to
those turntables which are made with cast-iron revolving platforms or tops,
and it consists in chilling or hardening that part of the table top, marked a in
[Price 8d.]

page_text: Figs. 5 & 6, on which the wheels of the engines and carriages run, so as to
dispense with the wrought-iron or other rails which are usually bolted on the
table top, thereby increasing the strength and durability and avoiding the

page_text: iron pieces h, h. are moulded in the
sand with the foundation plate e. instead
of being riveted or bolted thereto as "
in the former l'aleni granted to.
William
Irlam, on the 29 Norb! 1865. N 2
In Figs 5 and 6. the projections a, a, are
cast with the revolving platform and
chilled or hardened. but in ordinary
cust iron platforms the rails have been
attached to the platform by botts or rivets
and were liable to work loose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Blackburn and Mark
Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th November 1862.
We, THOMAS BLACKBURN and MARK KNOWLES, of Blackburn, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary tappet for shedding in looms we place upon the
crank shaft a tappet so constructed as to lift only once-for every two revolu-
tions of the crank shaft, and by connecting a lever therefrom to the heald
roller, boss, or to any other fixing upon the heald roller by means of straps or
other suitable means we raise or depress the healds, and thereby obtain the
shed, and at the same time by placing another lever in a vertical position we
are enabled to regulate a fixing on the picking stick shaft, so that a boss or
projection fixed upon the fly wheel would in working come in contact with the
said fixing on the picking stick shaft alternately at the opposite sides of the
loom, thereby giving motion to the picking stick, and throwing or picking
the shuttle. Instead of the ordinary fixings for tappets and wheels for working
so as to keep proper time we make a boss, on the face of which we cut teeth
at uniform pitches, and by casting corresponding teeth on the boss of the
wheels or tappets, and then attaching such boss firmly on the shaft, we can by
means of a nut force the wheels or tappets against such fixed boss at any given
angle, regulating thereby the time of shedding and picking. And instead of
the ordinary arrangements for shedding, more particularly in looms in which

page_text: work is performed requiring more or less than four heald staves, as in spots
and twills, we place two quadrant levers above such heald staves, and two
below them, connecting the levers above with those below by levers or cords
(either together or singly) on the outside or inside of the loom framing, and
by attaching to such levers or cords hooks to be operated upon, first by pro-
jections in a revolving cylinder or barrel, and afterwards by a compound lever,
we depress or raise the heald in such a manner as the projections on the
cylinder indicate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLIPS, HOOKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE FASTENINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bentinck Coathupe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
March 1862.
I, HENRY BENTINCK COATHUPE, of the Junior United Service Club, Saint
James's, in the County of Middlesex; Esquire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLIPS,
HOOKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture clips, hooks, and other
fastenings, suitable for holding tubes, pipes, gutters, rods, wires, and all other
such like articles when required to be fixed, either against a wall, ceiling, or
floor, and for many other purposes, such as bookbinding, shoe fastenings,
glove and crinoline fastenings, for holding slips and bunches of material toge-
ther, also for holding the glass tubes of barometers, thermometers, and the
mercurial timekeepers, for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the
24th day of August 1861, No. 2118.
I propose cutting or stamping the hooks or clips out of sheet metal, in
the form of the letters H, T, Y, or X, or other such like forms, and folding or
bending such Y pieces, when separated from each other, (or a series of such
pieces in combination), by which means one end is formed into a spike or
nail, whilst the other can be employed to clip or hold the tube, and either to
encircle the tube or only partly so, as is now done by what is known as the gas
hook.

page_text: The right hand and left band arms of the X pieces are intended to be
turned in two opposite directions, thus presenting a forked piece to be driven
or fastened to wood or other material, and another to hold the tube or pipe.
It is thus evident that these clips or fastenings can be made from sheet metal,
and even waste pieces of the same, without the slightest waste of material, as
by the method of cutting and the designs of the parts one is separated from
the other, yet they shall all be of the same shape or configuration, and as
before stated, by being folded and bent into the desired forms, shall so increase
the strength of the same, as to be superior to cast, and equal (or nearly so) to
wrought metal fastenings.
For gas tubing more especially, there is one particular advantage over the
ordinary hook, which is that at any time the pipes can be released from their
situation without withdrawing the fastenings, thus avoiding the breaking or
tearing away of ceilings or cornices.
Another description of clip I propose to make suitable for building purposes.
by hingeing two pair of half crescents or rings together, the outer ends of which
may be hooked, so that on placing one ring round a vertical scaffold pole, and the
other round a vertical or horizontal pole, it only requires wedges to be driven
between the arms of the folding rings, which firmly secure them to the poles in
their required positions.
Those clips may be made of various sizes and substances, as the purposes to
which they may be applied are unlimited, consequently some may be made
extremely small, while others may be quite the reverse.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ARMOUR PLATES FOR SHIPS, BOATS, AND BATTERIES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Haley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1862.
I, JOSEPH HALEY, of Rochester Villa, Battersea, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ARMOUR PLATES FOR SHIPS, BOATS, AND BATTERIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in applying to the exposed parts of ships, boats, and
batteries, plates and bars of iron, steel, or other metal, single or combined,
which plates and bars shall exhibit angular projections called "cutters" formed
either upon or attached to the said plates and bars in a vertical, horizontal, or
diagonal direction or otherwise, and so tempered or hardened as to resist and
destroy any projectile that may come in contact with the same, acting inversely
upon the well-known mechanical principle of the "cold hard chisel and
hammer," the said projection or "cutter" representing the cold hard chisel, the
projectile itself representing the metal acted upon, and finally the momentum
or sum of that projectile's weight and velocity representing the "hammering
force."
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Sanborn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1862. A communication from abroad by Thomas Gates, of
Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HENRY SANBORN, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States,
but now residing at 209, Fulham Road, Brompton, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFRIGERATORS," a communication to me from abroad by
Thomas Gates, of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, to be
as follows:-
The said improvements relate to the novel construction of refrigerators,
whereby are secured the combined advantages of a refrigerator and of a vessel
constructed purposely for holding ice water.
holding ice water. These refrigerators are con-
structed of any desired form and size. The materials found most suitable for
this purpose are galvanized iron or zinc. In the top of said refrigerator is
an ice chamber, and between the exterior wall and the interior wall is a space
designed for cold air and ice water extending around the vessel except that
part occupied by the door. The water is drawn from this space in the usual
manner.
I employ the cylindrical form, which is the most convenient and otherwise
desirable. The shelves rest on supports fixed to the interior wall, and on the
bottom is placed a table constructed to revolve, for convenience of access to
the contents of the refrigerator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1862. A communication from abroad by Jules Libert, of the
Firm of Libert and Company, of Boulogne-sur-Mer, in the Empire of
France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge & Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINES," communicated to me from abroad by
Jules Libert, of the Firm of Libert and Company, of Boulogne-sur-Mer, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cover the steel used for crinolines in a new
and economical manner. Hitherto the steel rings or hoops have been protected
or. covered by strong and expensive tissues. It is proposed to accomplish the
covering by means of paper in combination with network, or open tissue of
very light fabric and inexpensive material. The paper of any color is to be
placed on each surface of the steel and covered with the tissue, both being
generally of the same color, and the paper may be wound on the steel as a
band or pasted or glued thereon.
THE MANUFACTURE OF GREASE FROM COAL TAR, COAL OIL, CREOSOTE OR DEAD OIL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Denny Ruck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
April 1862.
I, WILLIAM DENNY RUCK, of No. 8, Duke Street, London Bridge, in
the Borough of Southwark, and County of Surrey, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF GREASE FROM
COAL TAR, COAL OIL, CREOSOTE OR DEAD OIL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in obtaining a certain grease from coal tar, coal oil,
creosote or dead oil. I take either of these and treat it with sulphuric or
other suitable acid; having freed it from the acid, I heat it and run it into
cold water. It is to be well stirred, the grease then forms in lumps at the
bottom of the vessel in which it is so treated. The grease is to be pressed
to extract the water from it. It is then suitable for lubricating purposes,
and also for candle-making when mixed with other substances.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HOOPED SKIRTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Senior Woodhouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1862.
I, JOHN SENIOR WOODHOUSE, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Ware-
houseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOOPED SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to the hooped
skirts worn by ladies, whereby some of the disadvantages attaching to such
articles as ordinarily manufactured are obviated. The lower portion of the
skirt is made in the usual manner with concentric hoops of metal or other
sufficiently elastic material, the same gradually diminishing in diameter as
they approach the waist. These hoops are connected by means of the fabric
of which the skirt is composed, or by any of the known methods. The upper
part of the skirt is constructed with parallel strips of metal or other material
combining elasticity with some degree of rigidity. Such parallel strips do not
however extend to the front of the skirt, which consists only of the fabric
before alluded to, that portion of the skirt not being required to project or
possess rigidity. In order to render the portion of the framework consisting
of the parallel strips more rigid and capable of supporting the weight of the
external dress without collapsing or becoming depressed, strips of metal or
other suitable material are placed transversely across the horizontal strips and
connected therewith at any desired angle or angles, thus constituting what is

page_text: known as the "bustle" or "dress improver," and which is usually a separate
article, but by this Invention is combined with the petticoat itself. The
"bustle" or "dress improver" thus constructed can also be applied to and
combined with skeleton skirts consisting only of framework connected by any
of the ordinary methods without any covering.
This Invention further consists in forming the covering of hooped skirts of
one piece of the fabric employed for that purpose, and thus having one seam
only (which is at the back) instead of constructing it of separate gores joined
together, as has hitherto usually been the practice in skirts of an elliptical or
train-shaped form, which is obtained by this method, the larger portion of the
skirt being behind the wearer, while the front of the dress falls properly instead
of projecting, as is the case when the hoops retain their circular shape.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bush at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1862.
I, WILLIAM BUSH, of Tower Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing omnibuses and other carriages with parts
thereof double, so that the bottom, sides, and top, may when required be drawn
out and afford increased accommodation. An ordinary omnibus for instance is
built to hold twelve persons inside, now by my Invention I propose that
when required it shall contain twenty persons inside. The fore part of the
carriage is immovable, but all that part commencing just in front of the
hind wheels, together with the hind wheels and axle are capable of being
drawn, say six feet, from the fixed part, the space being occupied by duplicate
parts, over which the parts of the carriage drawn out have been made to
slide.
The Invention applies also to vans and other long-bodied carriages.
My Invention also consists in constructing the frames for omnibuses, trucks,
and other carriages of angle-iron and in screwing, bolting, or rivetting to the
angle-iron for forming parts of the framing two other angle-irons, with
timber fixed between the two last-named angle-irons, to which timber the
panels and other required parts to complete the carriage are screwed or other-

page_text: wise secured. Thus the whole of the framing and skeleton of the carriage are
formed of angle-iron, and of two angle-irons with timber between them.
My Invention further consists in constructing trucks and carriages in such
manner that they may be used on rail or tramways, and on common roads.
For this purpose I fit a plate or plates under the fore part of the truck or
carriage free to turn upon a pivot, and I connect the front axle and wheels to
this plate. If travelling upon a rail or tramway, I bolt the plate, so as to
prevent it moving, but when the carriage is to run upon ordinary roads I
release the bolts, when the plate and "fore carriage" are free to move about
the pivot, and thus allow of the carriage turning. The wheels are such as.
will travel upon rails or trams as well as upon common roads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Kinder at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1862.
I, ARTHUR KINDER, of 30, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHEET METAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved and combined process for manu-
facturing sheet metal or foil from blocks of lead, tin, or other soft and ductile
metal, capable of being acted upon by a cutting tool, or knife, and rolls.
According to my Invention, I propose to produce sheet metal by the combined
operations of cutting and rolling; and in carrying out the same I first produce
a sheet by cutting it from a cylindrical block or pig by means of a suitable
knife or cutter, after the manner described in the Specification of the Patent
of Henry William Wimshurst, dated July 1st 1858, No. 1481, and after a
sheet has been so formed, or during its formation, and as fast as it proceeds
from the cutting machine, I propose to pass it between one or more pairs of
rolls, which, by exerting a pressure upon the sheet tend to condense it, and
render it more homogeneous in its texture. The sheet-is primarily cut thicker
than is required for use, and is then consolidated and reduced in thickness by
the subsequent rolling process. It is also proposed to employ a variable.
driving gear in the combined cutting and rolling machine, whether such
machine be driven direct from a steam engine, or by an intermediate shaft.

page_text: This variable driving gear is governed by the slack of the sheet between the
cutting apparatus and the rolls. It is also proposed to combine with a cutting
and rolling machine any suitable arrangement for coiling and cutting up the
sheet into longitudinal breadths or strips, and to employ, in some cases, an
apparatus for severing or dividing the web or sheet into lengths when the
coiling apparatus is not employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON, COTTON FIBRE, AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS PRODUCTIONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harben, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1862.
I, HENRY HARBEN, of Oxford Villa, Haverstock Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON, COTTON FIBRE, AND
OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS PRODUCTIONS," to be as follows:-
I use seaweed or other aquatic vegetable production, either whole or in
pieces, and steep it in fresh water for the requisite period for the purpose of
extracting any salt, and otherwise cleansing it. I then separate the fibre from
the waste either by hand labor or by the most approved method now in use
for similar purposes, or by machinery and hand labor combined, or instead of
fresh water as above, I cleanse and loose the fibres by steeping the plant or
weed in a solution of American potash or other suitable liquid composition or
gas. The work of loosening the fibres may also be performed by crushing
or scarifying the plant or weed by machinery, or by subjecting it to steam.
I claim the right to manufacture, by means of my said Invention, cotton, cotton
fibre, and other similar productions from all and every or any plants, weeds,
and grasses growing naturally in, upon, or near seas, rivers, lakes, and other
waters, or which may be cultivated for the purpose.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING CANNON
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Curtis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
September 1862.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH CURTIS, of Tufnell Park Road, Holloway, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING CANNON," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel mode of mounting the breech-piece of
brecch-loading guns, the object being to facilitate the operation of working
the
gun, and to adapt that class of guns to general use. The breech of the
gun I mount within a curved frame, through the forward ends of which pass
the trunnions of the barrel or main portion of the gun. This curved frame is
further secured to the barrel by a strap piece, whereby when it is required to
elevate or depress the gun, the barrel and frame will rock together on the axis
of the trunnions. A vertical adjusting screw from the gun carriage bearing
upon the under side of the curved frame is provided to effect this vertical
adjustment. The sides of the curved frame are pierced with elongated
inclined slots, which are intended to receive the trunnions of the moveable
breech-piece. This breech-piece is so hung as to balance itself, or nearly so.
This arrangement necessitates but little exertion from the gunner to move it
into or out of line with the barrel; on one of the trunnions of the breech-piece
is a lever, or it may be a spanner, for operating the breech-piece, and turning
it into a vertical position ready to receive the charge. When charged, the

page_text: breech-piece is again rocked on its trunnions, and having been brought into
a line with the barrel it is forced home by a binding screw that lies in a line
with the axis of the gun, and is worked by a hand lever. This screw is tapped
into the rear of the curved frame before mentioned, and is operated by a hand
lever. It bears on the rear end of the breech-piece, and its action is to force
the breech-piece into close contact with the barrel, and thereby close the
joint between them. The better to ensure a close joint, a portion of the con-
tact surfaces may be coned, and thus an interlocking of the parts will be
effected. If thought desirable, soft metal packing may be introduced between
the contact surfaces.
The object of making the slots in the curved frame incline is to give the
breech-piece a tendency to slide back from the barrel as soon as the pressure
in the rear is removed, the elongation being to allow of the release of the
interlocking parts before it receives the rocking motion to bring it into the
position for receiving a fresh charge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS AND GARMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Sutton at the Office of.
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1862.
I, DANIEL SUTTON, of Banbury, near Oxford, Farmer, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WASHING LINEN
AND OTHER FABRICS AND GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for washing
linen and other fabrics and garments. For these purposes a vessel is used, by
preference of a rectangular form, with a flat bottom, suitably constructed to
admit of the vessel being rocked to and fro thereon. The top of the vessel is
closed with a cover, which has an opening in the middle. On the four sides
and bottom are fixed numerous semispherical projections; transversely across
the upper part of the vessel is an axis, either to be plain or threaded towards
the ends, so as to obtain a to-and-fro motion as well as a rotating one, on which
are four or other suitable number of floats or paddles, and there are also two
other axles transversely across the vessel, having each four or other suitable
number of floats or blades; these axes are preferred to be fixed. Near the
bottom and transversely of the vessel is fixed a half round or other shaped bar
with numerous semispherical projections fixed on the upper rounded surface.
The lower inner angles of the vessel are filled, and have similar projections
fixed thereon to those above mentioned. At the upper part, and at one end
of the vessel, there are fixed two uprights, which are connected together at their
upper ends by a bar, which is used as a handle to communicate a rocking motion
to the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING MACHINES FOR CURVILINEAR SURFACES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mackenzie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1862.
I, JAMES MACKENZIE, of Arundel Square, Islington, County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHAPING MACHINES FOR CURVILINEAR SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
My machine has the ordinary frame used for planing and shaping
machines. The cutters are fixed in the cutter block in the usual manner;
the latter, that is, the cutter block, is mounted upon an axle or spindle either
by being keyed to it or forged solid with it, which is driven by bevel gearing.
This bevel gearing is in this case of great importance, as it allows of the
spindle and cutter block having an angular motion in a vertical plane
given to it (this angular motion being the improvement I claim). I
give this angular motion to the well-known boring and shaping spindle and
cutter block, by making it move round an axis in the body of the frame,
which axis being in a line with that of the shaft carrying the driving bevil
wheel, the "gearing" cannot be interfered with, although the spindle should
be made to move round a circle. This angular motion is regulated by the
well-known quadrant and endless screw so much used in other similar cases.
In fact, I take the ordinary boring machine with its traversing saddle, and
cause its spindle to take an angular motion in the manner described, instead
of always remaining vertical, as now made. The ordinary machine, with

page_text: its cutter block always vertical, can only plane at one angle, whereas by my
improvement I can shape the metal to any angle, varying or uniform; of
course I preserve the lateral and vertical action of the spindle either by hand
or by change wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING OR MITIGATING ACCIDENTS ARISING FROM COLLISIONS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1862.
I, RICHARD WEBSTER, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
PREVENTING OR MITIGATING ACCIDENTS ARISING FROM COLLISIONS OF RAILWAY
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to each end of railway trains of a
fender or projecting guide frame, which is formed with an incline or slope or
at an angle to the rails, in such manner that when two trains come in collision
the said fenders or guides of each train will come in contact with each other,
and the inclines thereof will cause the trains to be deflected or guided sideway
from the rails, so as to pass each other, and thus avoid direct concussion, which
is now the case when two trains come in collision.
A MACHINE FOR PLAITING STRAW AND SUCH LIKE MATERIAL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Goodyear at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1862.-A communication from abroad by Ambrose Claraz, of
Fribourg, Switzerland.
I, FREDERICK GOODYEAR, of Old Change, St. Paul's, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE FOR
PLAITING STRAW AND SUCH LIKE MATERIAL," being a communication to me from
abroad by Ambrose Claraz, of Fribourg, Switzerland, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and adaptation of certain means or
mechanical arrangements for effecting the plaiting of straw and similar
material as if plaited by the human fingers.
The means or mechanical arrangements are as follows:-Upon a sole plate
I mount a framing and support a roller with a number of curved projections.
This framing supports a table having thereon, first, a holder for the straw to
to be plaited; under this holder the straws are laid by lifting this holder by
a lever or other such suitable machine. When the straws have been duly
entered, the roller is to be turned by a winch handle, and then, upon one
portion of the circle described being reached, the roller acts upon upright rods
or risers coming through the table, secured free to move in pendant bearings
attached to the under side of the table. These rise or lift up such of the
straws as may be needed for effecting the plaiting. On another part of the
circle of motion being described the roller acts upon levers depending under-
neath the table and acting against the appointed projections on the roller
aforesaid, and cause pressing levers or fingers to push down such of the straws

page_text: as are required to be pressed down to make the plait; a further portion of the
circle of motion being reached, plaiting pieces attached to the table are, by
means of the roller aforesaid acting on pendant levers, caused to rise and move
forward and plait other of the straws, and then a still further portion of the
circle of motion being reached, a flattener on the end of a lever acted upon the
roller in similar manner as before described, comes into play, and also a driver
or beater up of the work which slides at the middle thereof, and hence one
portion of the plait is produced, and the same operations being repeated, a
whole length will be made. The plait, when finished, descends through a
pipe provided for the same, according to the character of the plait; as to the
number of straws used, and so forth, so will the number and position of the
various parts be varied accordingly.
IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE PANS OF WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1862.-A communication from abroad by Jacques
Germain, of Bordeaux, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE PANS OF WATER-CLOSETS," a communication
to me from abroad by Jacques Germain, of Bordeaux, France, to be as
follows:-
The inodorous water-closet pans or basins hitherto used are subject as
usually constructed to several disadvantages, such as requiring frequent repairs
to their gearing, and that the seat should be pierced for the button or handle
moving the lever and valve or trap; I propose to fit on to the shaft of the
trap of the pan a crank connected by a rod with a lever, one end of which is
furnished with a counterweight to close the trap when the foot is removed
from the pedal, and the other covered by a pedal of thin metal screwed to the
flooring in order that it may not catch in or tear clothes. On this the foot is
placed to bring the trap into action.
For double-action pans a cock is seated on the shaft of the trap, so that it
and the trap open at the same moment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLOUGHING, HARROWING, CLEARING, AND DRILLING LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Crompton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th November
1862.
I, JAMES CROMPTON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLOUGHING, HARROWING, CLEARING, AND DRILLING
LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved arrangement and combination of a
portable steam engine with ploughs, scarifiers, harrows, or other agricultural
machines, and also revolving cutters, driving pulleys, and a crane. I employ a
strong framework supported by two wheels at each side, two of them being
swivel or guiding wheels at the front, and also a number of rollers when the
land is soft. Across the frame there is a block of timber, to which the plough-
shares and scarifiers are fixed, the block working in vertical guides, so that it
can be raised by racks and pinions when required. I attach to the frame a
tubular or other boiler and a steam engine with two cylinders and cranks for
giving motion either way to the fly wheel shaft, which has a pinion and large
spur wheel fixed to it. The pinion gears into a spur wheel on an intermediate
shaft carrying a pinion gearing into a spur wheel working loose on the pro-
pelling shaft or axle of the propelling wheels, but capable of giving it motion
by a clutch; each boss or nave of the propelling wheels has a clutch in each
side fitting into clutches on the axle, there being spiral springs, in order that
the wheels may be at liberty when turning sharp curves, and brakes are
employed for arresting their motion when required. The spur wheel on the fly

page_text: wheel shaft gears into a cog wheel, fixed to a shaft having bevil wheels
gearing into other bevil wheels for giving motion to two shafts, each carry-
ing a worm and bevil wheel. The worms gear into worm wheels at
the top of vertical shafts, having at the bottom harrows fixed to them,
there being levers to lift the harrows and shafts up at the end of the furrow to
allow the machine to be turned. The bevil wheels give motion to other vertical
shafts, each carrying a circular frame mounted with cutters for cutting a space
in each side of the trunk of a tree for the purpose of felling it. When the
cutters are used the harrows are removed, and when the harrows are used the
cutters are removed. At the front part of the machine over the tank I place
a crane having a worm and worm wheel worked by the steam engine, for the
purpose of raising the fallen timber to any place required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE BOLTS AND NUTS OF RAILWAY FISH PLATES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morshall Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1862.
I, WILLIAM MORSHALL COCHRANE, of Clattern Cottage, Kingston-on-
Thames, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE BOLTS AND NUTS OF RAILWAY
FISH PLATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in securing the bolts and
nuts of railway fish plates. The bolts and nuts by which the fishing plate of
railway rails are fixed are found constantly to shake loose in consequence of
the vibration caused by passing trains, and men are now constantly employed
to screw up these nuts.
Now according to my Invention I by preference make the bolt holes in the
fish plates circular, and at the outer side of the fish plate I make a notch or
notches in the side of each hole. Between the fish plate and the nut and
between the fish plate and the head of the bolt I place a washer or thin plate,
of such a size as to extend beyond the nut or head. This washer or thin plate
has by preference a projection or projections on its inner side, which enter the
notch or notches formed at the edge of the bolt hole in the fish plate; or I
otherwise arrange these parts so that the washer when pressed against the
fish plate shall not be at liberty to turn on the bolt. The nut of the bolt is
then screwed home, the washer or thin plate applied under the head of the

page_text: bolt and under the nut is bent at its edge so that the bent parts may come
respectively against the sides of the head and nut, by which both the head and
the nut will be prevented turning.
It is not essential that the bolt head should be secured as above described,
as it may be secured in the usual manner by means of a groove in the fish!
plate, or by means of a square on its stem entering and fitting a square hole in
the fish plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF JUNCTION AND OTHER DRAIN PIPES IN CLAY OR OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Bourne Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1862.
I, MARCUS BOURNE NEWTON, of Wharf No. 4, Inside Gt. Northern Goods
Station, King's Cross, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF
JUNCTION AND OTHER DRAIN PIPES IN CLAY OR OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS," to
be as follows:-
This my Invention consists of the manufacture and construction of junction
or other drain pipes used in the laying of drains and sewers, in such form
as to admit of their examination at any time, without disturbing the pipe
in its bed, or otherwise interfering with the continuity of the drain, and also
of the insertion of a junction arm or piece at any time when connection is
wanted to be made with the existing pipe or drain, without affecting the flow
of sewage matter therein, which I describe as follows:-
In the ordinary manufacture of junction pipes (commonly so called) it is
customary to make a plain or socketed pipe first, either by machine, or other-
wise, and when this is partially dry, to cut a hole in the body of the same, of a
sufficient size as to admit of the insertion of or placing thereon a junction arm,
which has been previously made in a mould or die, or otherwise prepared, so as
to fit the aperture in the pipe above mentioned.
What I claim as novel in this Invention is the leaving the hole so formed

page_text: in the pipe and burning it thus, and providing a cover to fit in the hole so cut,
so that when together and the joint secured with clay or cement, there is
nothing to interfere with the internal section and continuity of the pipe; and
secondly, the leaving of the junction arm so formed to fit the aperture as above
mentioned and burning it thus, so that when the "man-hole" cover is removed
from the plain pipe, and the junction arm is inserted, an ordinary junction pipe
or piece is supplied, and connection has been made with the drain after the pipes
have been laid.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, what I claim as novel
is the making of man-hole pipes with covers thereon, the hole being in the
body of the pipe as for a junction arm, & further the making and supplying
of loose junction arms, so that they will fit, and can be inserted in the man-
hole pipe, the cover being removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES FOR LIFTING WEIGHTS INTO AND OUT OF CARTS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Middleton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1862.
I, DAVID MIDDLETON, of Burton, by Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln,
Agriculturalist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES FOR LIFTING WEIGHTS INTO AND OUT OF CARTS AND
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in mounting in a convenient frame a windlass, the
shaft of which carries on one side a toothed wheel in gear with a pinion
receiving motion from a crank handle. The other end of the shaft carries
a ratchet wheel, into which a paul drops to prevent the return of the drum
until the paul is released from the teeth of the ratchet. An upright (by
preference hollow) is supported at one end of the frame carrying a cross bar
at top having guide pulleys at each end thereof, and over which the rope or
chain from the windlass passes. When the crane is used for raising weights
from carts, the hollow upright is placed on a strong spindle connected to a
foot or support which is secured by lugs to the cart tail; a screw the lower
end of which terminates in a foot, passes through the base of the support,
which while acting as a support to the cart also enables its height from the
ground to be adjusted to suit any carts or other vehicles to be loaded or
unloaded.
À NEW OR IMPROVED COLORING MATTER OR DYE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
December 1862.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Chalamel, of
Puteaux, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
'À NEW OR IMPROVED COLORING MATTER OR DYE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the production of a new coloring matter for
dyeing and printing, which the Inventor terms "imperial ruby."
The color, the normal tone of which is a cerise or its derivative shade) is
obtained by the combination of fuchsine and coralline, or any other yellow
or orange color extracted from coal.
Process. The fuchsine and coralline are dissolved together or separately in.
methylated spirit, acetic acid, alcohol, or other spirit. The coralline pre-
dominates in quantity over the fuchsine, thus to obtain the normal tone of
imperial ruby I take say 3 parts of coralline to 2 parts of fuchsine; these pro-
portions may, however, be varied. Any excess of coralline in the dyeing bath
tends to produce a yellower cerise, while an excess of fuchsine, on the contrary,
imparts a more violet shade; thus by varying the proportion of one or other
products all the graduations of shades of cerise and its derivatives may be
obtained. The solution of the fuchsine and coralline (whether together or
separately) in alcohol or other spirit may be very diluted, for example, 1 lb.
avoirdupois of these products may be dissolved in 11 gallons of alcohol or other

page_text: spirit. This preparation is used in dyeing in the ordinary manner without the
addition of any mordant. Should any mordant be used, the color proceeding
from the coralline does not rise on the fabric, it only rises on contact with the
fuchsine without a mordant, and produces, as before stated, the "imperial
ruby."
Coralline has hitherto been only employed to produce reds on cotton, wool
and cotton, and wool, instead of cochineal or lacs, and then even by the addition
of a tin mordant, a dull and brickdust shade only has been produced. In dyeing
without a mordant a red shade has been obtained, which washed out and was
rubbed off by friction, and is not at all like or to be compared with that of the
imperial ruby. Coralline mixed with fuchsine forms a fast color.