CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Philibert Malard, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Engraver, for tho
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING WATER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS."
Scaled the 11th December 1857, and dated the 2nd July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Philibert Malard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1857.
I, AUGUSTUS PHILIBERT MALARD, of 99, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and 4,
South Street, Finsbury, London, Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of
my said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING WATER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in the employment as a filtering agent of wool
shearings, after having been treated in baths, the composition of which is
herein-after described. The wool is placed in layers in a closed or open vessel
the closed vessel being however preferred. This vessel may be of a circular
or other shape, and terminated at top by a lid fixed by bolts. It is provided
with an air hole, which is closed by a screw bolt; a pipe is fixed to the upper
part for the entrance of water to be filtered, and another pipe at the lower
part serves for the egress of the filtered water. The layers of prepared wool
are separated by sheets of wire gauze (which, if necessary, may be dispensed
with, and one layer only employed), the whole resting upon a false bottom of

page_text: wood or metal, perforated with holes; pressure is applied to the filtering
material by means of a screw.
The first bath is composed of one and three-quarter pints of lime water,
nine ounces (avoir.) of carbonate of soda, and fifty-two pints of water.
The second bath of about nine ounces of alum, one and a quarter ounces of
cream of tartar, and twenty-one pints of water.
The third bath of about seven ounces bruised gall nuts and seventeen pints
of boiling water.
The fourth bath of four ounces of acetate or sulphate of iron and seventeen
pints of boiling water.
The last bath is formed of nine ounces of carbonate of soda dissolved in
forty-four nints of tenid water
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Augustus Philibert Malard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTUS
PHILIBERT MALARD, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, and 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, Engraver, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Augustus Philibert Malard, Her special license that I, the said Augustus
Philibert Malard, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Augustus Philibert Malard, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Augustus Philibert Malard, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustus Philibert Malard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in employing wool shearings, prepared in the
manner herein-after described, and placed in a closed or open vessel, provided
with a perforated false bottom, so as to form a filtering apparatus for water
and other liquids.
The filtering material consists of wool shearings, obtained from shearing
cloth or other woollen material, and is afterwards submitted to baths, the
composition of which is hercin-after described, to give to the wool a more or
less black color, and the property of remaining a long time in water without
becoming decomposed. The wool is placed in layers in a closed or open
vessel of any suitable form or size, a closed vessel being preferable.
The most advantageous mode of employing the wool is that shewn in the
annexed Drawing, which is a section of a vessel or filter A, provided at its
upper part with a flange, to which is fixed the cover V by bolts Q; B, feed
pipe for the passage of water into the filter; b, pipe for drawing off the water
from the filter; c, iron hoop for supporting the falso bottom d, composed of
wood or iron perforated with holes; C, aperture for emptying or filling the
filter, which aperture is closed by a screw plug; 9, ring for raising the cover;
F, metallic gauze covering the false bottom, and supported at its edge by an
iron hoop cemented to the filter; G, black wool prepared with tannate of iron,
forming the first layer; H, wire gauze; I, second layer of wool; J, wire gauze;
K, third layer of wool; L, wire gauze; M, fourth layer of wool; N, wire
gauze; O, frame for compressing the filtering materials; R, cross bar, with
the pressure screw P. The wool may be placed in ono layer, and the screw
pressure, frame, and wire gauze may then be dispensed with.
PREPARATION OF THE BATHS FOR DYEING THE WOOL SHEARINGS.
Bath No. 1 consists of lime water about one and three quarter pints, car-
bonate of soda about eight ounces (apoth.), water about five to seven gallons.
The temperature of the bath should be raised from one hundred and
twenty-two degrees to one hundred and forty degrees Fahrenheit, and the
wool left in the bath five or six hours.
Bath No. 2 consists of alum about eight ounces (apoth.), cream of tartar
about one ounce, water twenty-one pints.

page_text: The wool is put into boiling water during about five hours, then exposed to
the air during several hours, and afterwards boiled two hours with about six
and a half ounces (apoth.) of powdered gall nuts, and about seventeen pints
of boiling water.
Bath No. 3.-I then place the wool in a boiling bath, composed of about
four ounces (apoth.) of acetate of iron and seventeen pints of water; or
instead thereof, I use the following,-sulphate of iron about eight ounces
(apoth.) and seventeen pints of water.
The operation of the gall nut bath and iron bath should be repeated twice.
I allow the wool to remain during severals hours in the second bath; it 1
should then be dried and submitted to a bath composed as follows:-Carbonate
of soda about eight ounces (apoth.), tepil water about five and a half gallons,
and left in it about one hour.
In these various operations I agitate the wool with a stick; after the first
operation I place the wool in a sieve, to allow it to drain off, then wash it
with water until the water dropping from it is without color, and then proceed
to the second operation.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the mode of
carrying the same into effect, I observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine
myself to the precise proportions herein-before stated; what I claim is, the
employment of wool shearings treated in baths composed as herein-before
stated, and placed in a vessel suitably arranged for the construction of an
improved filtering apparatus for water and other liquids, as herein-before
described, and referred to in the annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Philibert Malard, have hereto
set my hand and affixed my seal, this Thirtieth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
A. P. MALARD. (L.S.)
A. P. MALARD. (L.S.)