Improvements in Water Closets, Traps, and Moulds connected..
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Jan., 1897-Accepted, 24th Apr., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Closets, Traps, and Moulds connected..
therewith.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES, Plumber and Hydraulic Engineer, 78 Earl's Courk
Road Kensington, London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, to bo
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements, the chief object of which is to produce a
cheap, sanitary, reliable water closet, and the cores and moulds for making syphonio
lead, iron or earthenware traps or water-ways suitable for, what is known as
syphonic or washout water.closets, which moulds and water closets shall be less
costly to construct, and less liable to derangement, also more certain in action, than
anything heretofore in the market.
Such water closet traps or syphons, can be adapted or used in conjunction with
an ordinary cottage closet basin..
Sometimes these basins are known as the Swift, the Household, the Isis,
the Howard, the Tidy; and such, like..terms, and. at other times and for, certain
classes of work, I use a specially constructed closet pan ur basin of about the
ordinary shape, but having an additional lip, or lips, jet or jets, fixed iu such a
manner that the water is directed to play. upon the soil, paper, &c., and, in such a
manner as to prevent the said soil and paper floating upon the. main surface of the.
water within the basin.
Sometimes these lips are known as fans or spreaders.
In making my trap 1 use. lead, iron, or earthenware. When made of lead,
1 generally make them with what is known as chill moulds, but which may be
made. partially with chill-moulds and sand cores, or wholly in sand and the metal
run in the ordinary way..
But the shape of my trap allows me to use an exceedingly simple class of cores,
which will bo readily understood by the following.
The inlet of this trap is made similarly to my patent foot trap shown at B
Figure 26 in the.Specification for November 3rd No. 18,916 of the year 1891, but
the outlet A is now carried much. higher up, so as to form a syphon, the outlet of
which is brought down to,near the bottom,or, base of the trap where it, for P traps,
returns at about right angles for connecting the soil pipe thereto.
Sometimes, especially for round pipe syphons, I form at the bottom of this
syphon .hend,,..a kind, of semi trap, or weir, the whole being generally (not
necessarily) cast or pressed in one solid piece, but if cast, with an aperture on the
top part, of the syphun for the more readily drawing of the cores. Such opening
being made good with a capping piece which may be burnt, soldered or otherwise
fixed upon or to the core opening.
When such traps or, syphon are made by what is known as pressed pipe, this
capping piece need not be used except for inspection purposes, then an ordinary
cap and screw may be used.
The outlet of my cast trap and syphon I generally cast to that of a double
D shape, the straight or upright part of the D answering to divide or form a
diaphragm, the top of which is carried up to a suitable height in the siphon, to form
the height of the water seal within the trap and closet basin.
The height of this water seal is of great importance to these common basins,
because the higher it comes up the greater will be the surface of the water within

page_text: such basins but it is necessary that this body of water should be wholly, or nearly
wholly emptied at each flushing of the closet, hence the use for constructing the
trap to ensure syphonage at each flushing of such closet.
The water scal or supply to the basin is also of great importance, which I cause
to fill up by the application of a dribbling kind of afterflush, which may be
obtained by any suitable apparatus of that class shown at B, Figure 581, or at N,
Figure 598, of Vol. I of my Standard Practical Plumbing.
I here explain that I do not claim to now be the inventor of syphonic closets,
working with double traps or single traps, with complicated jets of water, as the
same was invented by myself as far back as 1876, and also shown in my Provisional
Specification No. 353 for January 241b 1882, but the chief point of this my present
invention is the constructing of a suitable trap or traps, whereby the ordinary
common closet basins, such as before referred to, may be converted into what is
known as syphonic action closets, and so produce with the game class of basins a
more sanitary closet.
Dated this 23-1 day of Anvil 180A
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Closets, Traps, and Moulds connected
therewith.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES Plumber and Hydraulic Engineer, 78 Earl's Court
Road, Kensington, London do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object, improvements in water closets, traps, and
moulds connected therewith, whereby I am enabled to produce a cheap, sanitary,
reliable water closet, and the production of simple cores and moulds for making or
manufacturing lead, iron, or earthenware syphons, traps, or syphonic traps, or water
ways, especially suitable for what is to be known as syphonic wash down, or wash
out water closets.
My moulds and water closets will be less costly to construct, less liable to
derangement, and also more certain in action, than anything heretofore known.
Such water closet traps, or syphons can be adapted or used in conjunction with
the ordinary cottage closet basin, which basins are sometimes known by different
names, such as the Swift, Household, Isis, the Howard, the Tidy, and other such
like terms.
At times and for certain classes of work I use a specially constructed class of
closet basin or pan, of the ordinary or peculiar shape; to this pan, basin, or
hopper, has at times fitted an additional lip or lips, jet or jets, fan or fans, fixed in
such a manner that the water is directed to play upon the soil, paper, &c., and in
such a manner that the said soil or paper is urged forward towards the outlet of
the basin, so as to prevent the said soil and paper floating upon the main surface
of the water within the basin.
Sometimes these lips are known as fans or spreaders, & will be better understood
by glancing at A, S, B, F, G, H, Fig. 18.
In making my trap or traps I use any class of material, but when made of lead
I preferably make them in what is known as chill moulds, viz., of moulds made
with say iron, steel, phosphor bronze, gun-metal, brass, and such like, the cores of
which are jointed in a peculiar manner to be hereafterwards described, but the
outer parts of this chill mould or moulds are generally in two or three pieces
only.

page_text: G, the syphon outlet.
, dotted lines showing that this syphon is at times contracted towards the
bottom part in order that the water may quickly fill up this leg in order to more
readily induco syphonage.
Q, shows the dotted lines to enlarge the water way so as to fit different sized
soil pipe, say 34″ or a 4.
When this waterway is not made as per the dotted lines m, Q, I at times use
obstructing plinths or beads as shown at 2. n.
K, is the capping piece which may be of any shape or simply a cap and sorew
or plate.
D, is the bottom part of the trap preferably thickene to prevent the bottom
being punctured or broken. It also answers as a strong support for the trap to
rest upon.
To the hoce of foot not

page_text: 1, is a web and H, the outlet, weir and waterway.
Similar lettters refer to, or generally to, similar parts throughout the drawings.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is a sectional plan of Fig. 2, nt 1, 2. A, being the inlet
and H, the outlet, and weir.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a plan of Fig. 1. A, being the inlet, and II, the outlet.
Fig. 5, Sheet 3, is an elevation of my trap with basin and safety R, also this
figure shows the trap made with a semi-trap. It also shows by dotted lines I, U,
the outlet water-way brought under the body of the trap, so that this closet may
be used over existing traps or soil pipes which are fixed for receiving the trunk of
pan or valve closets thus saving alterations.
Fig. 6, Sheet 3, is a sectional elevation of my invention, showing at S, the basin
fitted into the socket A, by means of putty or cement. It also slows the safety
at R, A. This is preferably of thin lead inade to the shape of the basin and
preferably soldered on to the trap for the protection of ceilings &c., should the
cement joint of the basin become broken or loose, which is apt to be the case,
should hot water be thrown through the closet or especially in times of frost with
centent or putty joints.
f, is the jet or fan fixed, or in conjunction with the waterway or arm of the
basin T.
C, is the throat of the trap.
E, F, G, H, K, J, D, 1, are letters answering the purpose of those shown at
Fig. 2.
N, Fig. 6, shows the semi-trap before spoken of, with water therein as indicated
by the dotted lines. The water in the main body of the closet is also shown by
the dotted lines at W, B, C, E.
Fig. 7, Sheet 3, is a sectional plan of Fig. 6, at M, L, which shows the
diapraghi at F, and also the ontlets.
Fig. 8, Sheet 4, illustrates my invention, the trap being made of round pipe,
which is well shown at Y, E, F, and sometimes jointed as shown by the dotted
lines at F, where the semi-trap (which may be of cast lead, owing to its irregular
shape) joius; but it is not absolutely necessary that this round pipe syphonic trap
should be in two or more pieces. X, is a cleansing cap.
The parts are as follows,
T, is the inlet or waterway which I at times fit with a reliable kind of joint of
an exceedingly simple construction, and which is well shown at T, Fig. 9, and at
7, 8, 9, A, and 6, Fig. 9, also at Fig. 18.
This joint will bo well understood from the following description which I deem
it necessary to explain at length before proceeding too far with a further
description of the invention, us this joint is of great importance for constructing
reliable water closets, such joints heretofore having been inade with cement, putty,
india rubber cones, or rigid screws, such as is shown at Figs. 5, 68, 44, 63, 59, 61,
and 62, 46 and 47 of my Specification 18915 of 1891 (also see my subsequent
patent following this).
T, Fig. 9, Sheet 4, is the arm of the basin..
3, is a mould made to the plau H, Fig. 10, Sheet 4. A section of this mould is
shown enlarged at Fig. 11, and Fig. 12.
It will be readily seen that by placing this mould in a horizontal position; and
then putting the waterway or arin of the basin T, therein, that it can be readily
filled with lead. The shape of this lead then becomes the shape of the mould, the
plan of which for convenience of memory see Fig. 10. H, Fig. 10 are screw, bolt,
or pin holes. Such bolts are shown at 1, 9, &c. at Fig. 9. 5, 4 illustrates the
union, 4, being a lugged ring which may be in two halves and bolted, riveted, or
screwed together as shown at Q, Q, or this ring may be cast or made in one piece
with or without the lugs. The same part of my invention is illustrated on the
outlet of the basin of Fig. 9, showing at once that this may be applied to any
existing, or class of closet basin, especially applicable to what is known as the
column closet, standard closet, and closet basins of such like terms.

page_text: Figs. 11 and 12, Sheet 4, illustrates at A, B, and C, the basin part, the lead run
round it, and at B, some class of material such as saud, asbestos, or other such like
substances, to prevent the molten lead getting under or between the flange of the
basin,
D, Fig. 11, shows that sometimes I use a solid plug to prevent the metal getting
into the water way of these basins. This plug may bo of sand.
12, Fig. 9, shows that sometimes it is necessary to make the mould with a hole
through the bottom, to enable the trunk of the basin to pass through.
Sometimes I prefer to cast these lead clips or lugs on to these water ways by
ordinary patterns as in sand casting, especially for odd work where it would not
pay to make moulds.
This joint for fixing the closet basin on to traps is shown in many parts of my
specification as at Z, A, Q, Y, Fig. 8, also at 7, Fig. 13, 9, 7, Fig. 14, 7, 9, 10,
Fig. 15, and Fig. 16, Sheet 5. The dotted lines R, Q, represent a curtain which
is sometimes used to these basins.
Fig. 13, Sheet 5, is the closet basin referred to as specially constructed or of
peculiar shape, and a class of closet which is made by many different makers.
On the outlet of this closet I fix my round pipe or other syphons to convert this
closet into a syphonic closet, as shown at Fig. 14, W, being the water line.
8, shows the waterway enlarged round the outside of the basin, the inside of which
see S, Fig. 13.
V, Fig. 14, shows the top of the syphon, G, is the outer waterway. H, the
outlet, 7, 9, 10, shows the joint.
Fig. 15, Sheet 5, illustrates Fig. 14, but with a syphon pipe bent to or about
to right angles as at V, which again. returns in a line with the closet as at H.
This figure also illustrates my joint at 7, 9, 10.
Fig. 16, Sheet 5, is an end view from the back showing my syphon arrangement
and the waterway joint as at V, F, H, 9, 10, and 7.
At Fig. 13, is shown a simple bend fixed
shown at the dotted linea V, G, Fig. 14.
closet of which is well known and my
perfected it.
with my improved joint, which is also
This is known as Howsons and Sons
waterway joint and syphon has now
Fig. 17, Sheet 5, is my cast syphon with semi-trap for fixing upon the like
closets of Fig. 13, the letters auswering to near about the same as those on Fig. 6,
and which requires no further description.
Fig. 18, Sheet 5, illustrates one way of my jet connection and spreader.
A, being embossed jets, S, showing the screw holes sometimes used, F, G, shows
the connection I prefer to use which is applicable to all closet basins, T, being the
arm of basin, and L, the lead lug. H, the side waterway, B, a separate pipe only
Occasionally used.
Having desoribed that part of my invention relating to traps, waterway joints
or fane, jets, basin outlets and arms and their waterway joints, I will proceed to
describe and illustrate the moulds and cores for producing cast lead syphonic traps
and syphous.
MOULDS.
I shall only give drawings of one set of moulds which may be greatly varied.
Fig. 19, Sheet 6, is a sectional elevation of my improved syphonic trap mould,
showing the jointed cores as I prefer to make them. A, A, A, is the base or table
part of the mould. B, B, is the hot air pillar or column diminishing as shown to C.
D, are the sectional rings which forms part of my patent and shown in the
drawings of the Specification No. 18915, November 3rd, 1891, Figs. 19 and 20.
E, is the ring which I use for forming the iulet socket part of my trap, for the
trunk of the earthenware basins to enter. This ring E, might be formed to any
shape or size, to suit different sized waterways or basin outlets, and when the ring
is of different sizes it will be necessary to make the sectional ring, D, to sizes
accordingly, or it can be dispensed with.

page_text: Sometimes I make this inlet part of the trap mould, as from F, G, H, without
the ring E, or D, especially when I use my improved waterway basin joint, which
enables me to dispense with the ringed or ribbed collar or joint r, Fig. 2.
1, Fig. 19, is the trunk part of my core, similar to that shown at Fig. 14, Sheet 1,
in the Specification of my Patent No. 18915 of 1891.
J, is the outlet water-way core, loosely fitting into the socket K.
L, M, N, is the jointed outlet core to form the lower leg part of my syphonio
trap hulged at O, to create sufficient space to make up for the rounded part of the
diaphragm at P, and to allow the water, &c., to when weiring over to strike the
rounded part at Q, which rounded part causes the water to fly off in somewhat
of a sheet shape, which teuds to create a vacuum in the shorter leg J, and so
empties the basin, hopper, or pan of the closet, which will be readily understood by
referring to Fig 6, Sheet 3.
Again refer to Fig. 19.
It is not absolutely necessary to make these cores with a bulge at O, as my
traps will work without this bulge, but I find them to work with less water with
the bulge.
R, is a core piece for forming, or partly forming, the throat part of my trap,
there being preferably pieces on each side to form the inside of g, Fig. 5.
S, Fig. 19, is the capping piece which I use for forming the bottom and inside of
the trap.
T, is the core piece for partially forming the throat part of the semi-trap.
This core piece when a somi-trap is not required would naturally come straight as
shown by the dotted lines a, b, e.
U, is the top core for partially formning the outlet together with the cheeks at
each side, m, n Fig. 21.
When this semi-trap is not used this outlet T, U, Fig. 19, may be in nearly, or
quite in one solid piece.
V, is the capping piece for forming the bottom part of the semi-trap.
W, is simply a strut to support or hold up the end of the core T, U.
K, is the ring or socket for holding or keeping together the syphon
cores J, L, M, N.
Fig. 20, Sheet 6, shows the mould with the outsides Z, Z, Z, Z; 24 being the
cod for forming the underside part of the foot for supporting the trap shown by
the dotted lines 26.
Fig. 21, Sheet 6, is an end view of the mould showing the strut W, and side
-cores m, n.
Fig. 22, Sheet 6, is an end view showing the end elevation of the cores J.
Fig. 23, Sheet 6, is a section (on line 27, 28, Fig. 20) showing the outsides with
the lugs and handles 29 and 30.
Fig. 24, Sheet 4, is an improved sectional elevation of my patent waste pre-
ventor to illustrate the weeping afterflush arrangement which I prefer to use in
connection with this my invention in syphonic closets or syphonic traps.or basins.
Also see my following patent improvement.
Fig. 25, and Fig. 26, are simply fixing spikes to go into the slotted lugs M, M,
Fig. 24, which may be screwed as shown at a, b Fig. 26, or pinned on with a pin
as shown at a, b, Fig. 25.
Fig. 27, Sheet 5, is a sectional plan of pau & water way joint screwed up ready
for use.
The action of these closets will he readily understood by the following.
Assuming the waste preventor Fig. 24 to be fixed in the usual manner to the
down pipe, and the down pipe attached to the arm of the basin T, Fig. 6, or Fig. 8,
and the waste preventor full of water; by pulling up the valve W, this immo-
diately charges the afterflush part of the waste preventor G, and fills the down
pipe B, which immediately brings the syphon S, Q, Fig. 24, into action, and thus
firstly securing a proper rapid flush of say two or more gallons, which causes tho
water in the closet basin to slightly (but not to flood) rise to about (w, Fig. 6, 14

page_text: or 15) immediatoly starting the syphon of the closet trap which cannot possibly
of itself stop untill the contents of the basin is (by plumbers phrase) "drawn.
out."
By this time the contents of the top part of the waste preventor becomes empty-
and ibe syphon in the waste preventor ceases to act, but the lower part of this.
cistern remains nearly full which is the afterflush, and gradually runs out by the-
weeping hole B.
This afterflush water is desired to sufficiently fill up the basin as shown at W
Fig. 6 &c. of the drawings.
The use of the semi-trap N, Fig. 6 will now be readily understood. This, when
the trap syphon is in full action becomes charged, and remains so untill the water
in the E part of the syphon falls back to C, B, and thus securing at this time.
safety from the entrance of sewer air, whilst tho syphou at C, becomes partially
unlocked, a condition necessary for the emptying of the contents of the closet
basin. The semi-trap thus securely trapping the pipes, untill such times that the-
water in the E part of the syphon fulls back, and thoroughly trapping the inlet
part C, B, of my trap.
Having now particularly describe and by the six sheets of drawings illustrate.l'
the nature of my invention for improvements in water closets, traps, and moulds
connected therewith, and in what manner the same may be produced I desire t
state that I do not here reclaim any part or parts of my previous patented articles
nor do I now here claim in this invention being the originator of constructing
syphonio water closets generally as the same was invented by myself in the
year 1876, and described in my Provisional Specification Number 353, of
January 24th, 1882, which at that time (owing to the status of the sanitary trade)
was much too early for the market of syphonic closets. But what I claim in this:
my present invention is,
Firstly. The construction or casting in one piece, except the capping piece, of
simple syphonie traps of lead, with or without a diaphragm, substantially as shown.
at Figs. 5 and 6, and described.
Secondly. Casting, preferably with lead, syphons, in one, two, or more pieces,.
with or without diaphragms, for attaching to, or to be used in conjunction with
common closet pans or basius, known as the Swift, the Cottage, the Household, the-
Isis, and such like terms, so as to convert these ordinary pans or basins into-
syphonic closets, substantially as described and illustrated at Figs. 5, 6, 8, 13, 14,
16, and 16, of the drawings.
Thirdly. Constructing round pipe syphons in one or more pieces, preferably of
lead to convert closet basins or hoppers into syphonic closets, substantially as.
described and illustrated at Figs. 14, 15, & 16 of the drawings.
Fourthly. The moulds for constructing syphonic traps, substantially as described
and illustrated at Figs. 19, 20, 21, 22, & 23, Sheet 6 of the drawings.
Fifthly. Casting, stamping, or pressing closet basin spreaders, with a jet or jets,.
in connection with raised grooves or waterways, substantially as described and
shown at Fig. 18 of the drawings.
Sixthly. Constructing a syphon to fix on or to traps, closets, basins, or
hoppers, substantially as shown at Figs. 14, and 17 of the drawings and as
described.
Lastly. The goneral construction of syphonic traps or closets & adapting:
thereto the water afterflush, substantially as described and illustrated throughout
this specification and for the purposo specified.