Improvements in or relating to Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Cabs, Carriages, and similar Vehicles.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Cabs,
Carriages, and similar Vehicles.
I, JOSEPH THOMAS WICKS, of Ferndale, Tamworth Road, Gravelly Hill, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, India Rubber Expert and Factory Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
At present, cab tyres are made of solid rubber by the squirting process, that
is, the plastic rubber is forced through a die of any given shape, and forthwith
vulcanized.
My improvement consists in building up vehicle-wheel tyres from sheets of
rubber and rubbered fabric combined, and then moulding into the desired shape,
and finally vulcanizing the tyre.
In carrying out my invention, I take cotton duck, woven wire, or other fabric,
of a suitable kind and convenient weight, and pass it between callender rollers
running at an even or a friction speed, with rubber in a plastic state, and continue
the rolling operation until the rubber is worked through and through the fabric,
the fabric forming with the rubber a fibrous sheet.
I then callender on to this fibrous sheet a thin sheet of rubber. This compound
sheet is then cut up on the bias; the width of strip depending on the size of
the section of the tyre required.
Several widths are pieced together lengthways, to, say, 60 feet long. This strip
is then twisted or rolled up on to itself by means of a hose-making machine or
other device, so that the rubber and fabric form themselves into a spiral cord.
Exactly the same spiral effect can be produced by rolling by hand, but this
hand process is somewhat slower. Instead of a spiral effect, the fibrous fabric can
be built up by super-imposing one layer of rubber and fabric upon another con-
tinuously, until a body of material sufficiently large has been obtained for any
desired shape.
The cord thus produced, still in a plastic or yielding state, is then compressed
or moulded into the shape required for the tyre, and finally vulcanized.
My improved composite vehicle tyre may, if desired, contain a core of compound
rubber or other material, and in the base of the tyre a strip of vulcanite or ebonite,
or a metal chain, may be inserted, to give additional strength.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1899.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Cabs,
Carriages, and similar Vehicles.
I, JOSEPH THOMAS WICKS, of Ferndale, Tamworth Road, Gravelly Hill, Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, India Rubber Expert and Factory Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
At present, cab tyres are made of solid rubber by the squirting process, that
is, the plastic rubber is forced through a die of any given shape, and forthwith
vulcanized.
My improvement consists in building up vehicle-wheel tyres from sheets of
rubber and rubbered fabric combined, and then moulding the same into the desired
shape, and finally vulcanizing the tyre.
In carrying out my invention, I take cotton duck, woven wire, or other fabric
of a suitable kind and convenient weight, and pass it between callender rollers
running at an even or a friction speed, with rubber in a plastic state, and continue
the rolling operation until the rubber is worked through and through the fabric,
the fabric forming with the rubber a fibrous sheet.
I then callender onto this fibrous sheet, a thin sheet of rubber. This compound
sheet is then cut up on the bias, the width of strip depending on the size of the
section of the tyre required.
Several widths are pieced together lengthways to make a strip, say 60 feet
long. This strip is then twisted or rolled up longitudinally on to itself by means
of a hose-making machine, or other device, so that the rubber and fabric form
themselves into a cord spiral in cross section.
Exactly the same form can be produced by rolling by hand, but this
hand process is somewhat slower. Instead of a spiral effect, the fibrous fabric can
be built up by super-imposing one layer of rubber and fabric upon another con-
tinuously, until a body of material sufficiently large has been obtained for any
desired shape.
The cord thus produced, still in a plastic or yielding state, is then compressed
or moulded into the shape required for the tyre, and finally vulcanized.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown a cab tyre embodying my invention
in several forms.
Fig. 1 shows one form in cross section, and
Fig. 1 shows the compound strip from which it is made.
Figs. 2 and 2ª, and Figs. 3 and 3ª, are similar views of two other forms, and
Fig. 4 shows, in cross section, yet another modification.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 1ª, a is the rubbered fabric, and the rubber sheet
callendered onto it, both being rolled up together, and embedded in a coating of
solid rubber, which is moulded into shape and vulcanized.
In Figs. 2 and 2*, the tyre is so contrived that a rubber core is made, surrounded
by coiled rubbered fabric and rubber sheet, which, in turn, are embedded in solid
rubber, a metallic fabric & being added, to strengthen the tyre near the base.
In Figs. 3 and 3, the material from which the tyre is coiled is so prepared that
the rubbered fabric is predominant at the centre, and is surrounded by rubbered
fabric combined with rubber sheet.
In Fig. 4, the rubber fabric is not coiled, but folded, before being embedded in
its outside covering of solid rubber.

page_text: The form of the tyre may be further varied by varying the arrangement of the
fibrous material with regard to the rubber sheet, as will be evident from the
foregoing.
The proportion of woven or other fabric to the rubber will determine the cost,
lightness, elasticity, and strength of the tyre.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
The manufacture of tyres for the wheels of vehicles, by rolling or coiling up
sheets of rubbered fabric and rubber in the manner described, moulding the same
into shape, and vulcanizing them, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 11th day of September 1900.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.