CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FORGING HORSESHOES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,.
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-.
man, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
Sealed the 11th January 1859, and dated the 16th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th August 1858.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
FORGING HORSESHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of mandrils, dies, rollers, and
punches, for the purpose of forming horseshoes from bar-iron, producing the
creases in the same, and punching the holes therein; also, in an improved
application of discharging apparatus for the purpose of delivering the shoes
from the machine as fast as they are completed.
The bar iron to be converted into shoes is passed into the machine between
a pair of feed rollers, to which a suitable intermittent axial motion is given for
the purpose of conducting the bar on to the fixed table or bed of the machine,
and in front of a pair of antifriction rollers. The length of bar required for a

page_text: shoe is then cut off, and a mandril which slides in horizontal guides, and is
formed at one end to correspond to the internal figure of the shoe, is advanced,
and caused to bend the bar into the form of a horseshoe..
In doing this, the mandril carries the bent bars between a set of dies, the
action of which is to complete the formation of the shoe. A stationary die
fixed to the bed of the machine forms an abutment for the front part of the
shoe, and two side dies, which are capable of receiving a horizontal sliding
motion, complete with the fixed die the outer figure of the shoe. Passing up
through slots made in the bed of the machine is a divided die furnished with
projections corresponding to the crease and the nail holes of the shoe, and
situate immediately above this, and fixed securely to a sliding block, (which
slides in guides attached to the standards of the machine,) is a counter die
for pressing upon the upper face of the bent bar. This upper die is operated
by toggle levers set in action by a cam on the upper cam shaft, and a pair of
cams on the same shaft operate the side dies by means of pendant wedges,
which when raised cause the side dies to close upon the shoe. The under die
for piercing the nail holes is pressed up by the direct action of a cam on a
second or lower cam shaft, the rotation of which shaft (by means of a second
cam acting on the bowl of a rock lever.connected by a rod to the sliding
mandril) effects also the back and forth motion of the mandril. Situate above
this mandril, but having its bearings in the main frame of the machine, is a
rock lever, the forward end of which is forked, while the tail end is wedge-
shaped on its under side. As therefore the mandril moves back from its work, it
trips the forked lever by striking against the wedge projection, and depressing
the forked end it brings the prongs into contact with the formed shoe, and
strikes it off the mandril.
The several operations above indicated follow in proper sequence on motion
being given to the driving pulley, a spur pinion on the boss of which gives
motion through suitable gearing to the two cam shafts.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters

page_text: Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING HORSESHOES," being a
communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that [,.the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent con-
sists in certain novel combinations, arrangements, and methods of operating
mandrils, dies, rollers, and punches for the purpose of forming horseshoes from
bar iron, producing the creases in the same, and punching the holes therein;
also in an improved application of discharging apparatus for the purpose
of delivering the shoes from the machine as fast as they are completed.
:
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in which
Fig. 1 is a vertical central section of a machine embracing all the improve.
ments taken in a plane at right angles to Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a front elevation
of the machine, with part of the framing cut away in the line a, x, of Fig.1;.
Fig. 3 is a side view of part of the machine seen at the right hand of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section in the line y, y, of Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a:vertical
section of part of the machine in a plane parallel with Fig. 2, indicated by the
line 2, 2, of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the die which forms the
crease and holes for the nails in the shoes. Similar letters of reference denote
like parts in all the Figures.
A is the main framing of the machine, between the upright portions of

page_text: which is secured a stationary horizontal table B, on which are arranged the
dies a, b, b, for giving: the curved form to the shoes. In front of this table
there is secured to the framing A a horizontal frame C, containing parallel
horizontal ways d, d, in which slides a carriage D*, carrying a flat mandril c,
which forms the interior of the shoe; this mandril slides forward over the
table B.
At the upper part of the back of the main framing A, there are cast or
secured by bolts two brackets A', A', which contain the bearings for a hori-
zontal shaft D, to which is keyed a cam D' for operating through a toggle
E, E, the die e which forms the top of the shoe. The shaft D also carries
two cams D, D², which operate through levers F, F, rods F, F, and wedges
F, F, on the two dies b, b, to form the sides of the shoe. On the same shaft
D is also an excentric D³, which operates through mechanism. that will be
presently described on the feed rolls f, f', by which the bars of iron from
which the shoes are made are fed into the machine.
In the lower parts of the upright sides of the main framing A, there are
bearings for a horizontal shaft G, which carries a cam G₁ for. operating
through an upright slide 9' on the die g, by which the crease is formed in
the face of the shoe, and the punching of the holes is effected. To this shaft
two cams G2, G3, are also keyed for operating through a double or forked
lever H, and two rods H', H', on the horizontal sliding carriage D*, which
carries the mandril c before mentioned. A cam G³ keyed also to the same
shaft G, operates through mechanism herein-after described, on the cutter p,
by which the bars of iron are cut into pieces of proper length to make the
shoes.
.
I is the driving wheel of the machine fitted to turn on a fixed stud¸ h,
secured to one side of the framing A, or applied in any other suitable manner,
and carrying on its boss a pinion I', which gears with two spur wheels D* and
G', of equal size, on the two shafts D and G, and drives the said shafts at a
uniform velocity.
The dies a, b, b, already mentioned as being arranged upon the table B,
combine to give the form to the exterior of the front and sides of the shoes.
The die a which gives form to the front of the shoe is secured firmly to the
table, but the dies b, b, which give the form to the sides of the shoe are fitted to
slide towards and from each other on the table B, being held in contact with
the wedges F, F, on the rods F, F, which work in vertical guides in the
framing A, A, by springs i, i, secured to the horizontal frame,C,. and being
forced towards each other by the upward movement of the wedges; produced
by the action of the cams D2, D2, on the levers F, F, and forced apart again by

page_text: the springs i, i, (Fig. 4), when the cams permit the said levers and rods F', F',
to descend.
The springs i, i, bear upon studs i, i, secured to the bottoms of
the dies, and which pass through slots in the table B. The dies b, b, are
fitted with antifriction rollers 62, 6, at the parts where the wedges F, F, act
upon them. The levers F, F, work upon fulcra j, j, in brackets A², A², cast
on front of the framing A, and they are furnished with antifriction rollers to
bear upon the cams, j. The top die e is attached to a block J of cast iron
that is fitted to slide in guides e, e, in the sides of the framing A, the said
block being connected by the toggle E, E, with the top of the framing and
being depressed by the action of the cam D', on the roller E', which is applied
at the joint of; the toggle, and raised again by a spring applied at its back,
The connection of the toggle E, E, with the head of the frame A, is made by
a screw and wedge l, which permit of its adjustment to regulate the descent
of the die e, and thereby regulate the thickness of the shoes.
The die g by which the crease is formed in the shoe, of which a perspective
view is given at Fig. 6, is formed with a number of punches 8, 8, to punch
the holes in the shoe to receive the nails. The table B has suitable openings
for the projecting portions 7, 7, of the said die g, which form the creases in the
shoes, and to which the punches 8, 8, are attached to work through. The
said dic gis supported in two check plates g, g, secured to the vertical
slide g, which is fitted to a suitable guide or guides in the framing A, and is
forced upwards by the action of the cam G' upon its lower end, and caused to
descend as the offset of the said cam retires from it, by means of a spring m,
which is attached to the stand A, and arranged to press downward on a pin
projecting from one side of the said slide.
The mandril c, which forms the interior of the shoe, consists of a plate of
steel or iron of a thickness equal to that of the shoes to be formed, having its
rear end of the desired form of the interior of the shoe. It is made with a
tongue c' on its under side to fit a groove in the table B, which guides it
steadily in its operation. The carriage D*, to which this mandril is attached,
is driven forward between the dies b, b, by the action of the camis G², G², before
mentioned upon the forked lever H, and to draw back the carriage the lever H
is operated in the reverse direction by means of a spiral spring n applied to
the bottom of said lever; the fulcrum n' of the lever H is secured in a bracket
A3, bolted to the front of the framing A. The said lever is furnished with
antifriction rollers nå, nå, for the cams G, G, to work against.
The feed rollers f, f' are fitted to rotate on two vertical studs q, q', which
stand up from a bracket K secured to the frame C a short distance in front of
the dies b, b. The roller f, which is the driver, has attached to it a ratchet

page_text: ;
wheel r, and above this ratchet wheel there is fitted to its stud q a lever 21,
'which carries a pawl 2, that is kept in gear with the ratchet wheel by a
spring to the hub of the lever r there is attached a pinion, which gears
with a toothed sector s on the lower end of an upright rock shaft t. This rock
shaft (see Figures 2 and 3) works in bearings in a two armed bracket L, that
is bolted to one side of the frame A. At the upper end of the rock shaft t
there is an arm t¹ which connects with a rod t, which is fitted to slide through
a fixed guide t³ on the bracket L, and another ton one of the brackets A', A',
and which derives motion from the excentric D³. The rod t gives motion to
the rock shaft t and its toothed sector s, and the latter operating on the
pinion gives the pawl once during every revolution of the shaft D, a
movement back and forth over the ratchet wheel, and thus gives a movement
to the roller f, to feed the bar.
Between the feed rollers and the die table B there is situated upon the
frame C a block of cast iron M, having an opening a (Fig. 4) made horizon-
tally through it, of such size and form as just to allow the bar of iron from
which the shoes are to be made to pass freely through. The cutter p is fitted
to work vertically in a guide in this block, so that its edge passes the mouth
of the opening u. This cutter is attached to an arm p¹ of a rock shaft p², which
works in a bearing on the top of the cutter block M, and another on the
bracket K, K, and the said rock shaft carries a longer arm på, at the extremity
of which is a roller pt, upon which the cam G³ acts. To the arm ³ a weight p³
is attached for raising the cutter after its operation has taken place.
P, P, are two rollers arranged on vertical axles secured in the table B,
one in front of each die b, to operate in combination with the mandril c, to
bend the bar to a condition for the dies b, b, to operate upon it; these rollers
are caused to roll by the friction of the bar against them; Q is an adjustable
stop attached to the frame C, C, opposite to the cutter block M, to stop the
bar when it is fed to the machine. By adjusting this stop Q and a corre-
sponding adjustment of the cutter block M, the length of the pieces cut off to
form the shoes is varied to make shoes of different sizes.
N is a forked lever for the purpose of throwing the finished shoes out of the
machine. Every shoe after it is formed is left on the mandril c, and this
lever N is applied to the frame C, C, to knock off the shoes when the
mandril moves backward from the table B, after it has completed its operation.
N' is a shaft forming the fulcrum of the lever, and working in bearings v, v,
on the frame C, C. The forked rear portion of the lever is made of such a
width that one prong will pass on either side of the mandril; the front portion
is wedge shaped on its under side, as shewn at w, in Fig. 1, and by the action

page_text: on this wedge shaped portion of a projection w' on the front of the mandril c,
the fork of the lever is thrown down to knock off the shoe from the die.
R is a funnel attached to the block J, and communicating with an orifice
made through the block and through the die e for the purpose of admitting
water to cool the dies after each shoe is finished. The water may be supplied
by a cock which is opened by the movements of the machine at the proper
time, and closed again by the same means before a new picce of iron enters
the dies.
Having now described the several parts of the machine and their individual
operations, I will proceed to describe their operations relatively to or in com-
bination with each other in forging a shoe. A bar from which shoes are to be
made having been heated, is introduced between the feed rollers f, f, which.
while the dies are all stationary in an open condition, or at their greatest.
distance apart, receive their movement from the excentric D³ through the
agency of the mechanism before described, and carry the bar through the cutter
block M, after which the cam G³ comes into operation on the arm p³ of the
cutter rock shaft på, and brings down the cutter. The first operation of the
cutter merely cuts off the fag end of the bar, but another revolution of
the shafts D and G causes another operation of the feed and of the cutter, and
places the bar across the table B in front of the rollers, after which it is cut to
the proper length to make a shoe. As soon as the cutter has operated, the
mandril c advances against the bar, and bends it between the rollers P, P, and
drives it back into contact with the die a, and holds it there while the dies b, b,
move towards each other to form the sides of the shoe between them and the
sides of the mandril c, whose nose combines the die a to form the front of the
shoe. After the dies b, b, have advanced towards each other the necessary
distance, the top die e descends and compresses the shoe, and forms the top
thereof, and confines it within the box formed by the table B, and dies a, b, b,.
while the creasing die or punch g comes into operation, and forms the crease and
punches the holes. After the latter operation has been performed the dies b, b, e,
9. all separate from each other or open, and the mandril c retreats, and the
latter by reason of its shape retains the shoe upon it, as is shown in Fig. 4,
where the shoe is represented in red outline. The opening of the dies and
retreat of the mandril, owing to the shapes of their operating cams, is very
sudden, and the front projection w¹ of the mandril striking the wedge-like pro-
jection ou the front end of the lever N, causes the fork of the lever to descend
and knock the shoe off the mandril. As soon as the mandril has completed its
retreat the feed rolls operate again to feed the bar, and their operation is
and

page_text: followed in proper order of succession by the operation of the other parts of the
machine in the manner above specified:
Having thus set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in
Machinery for Forming Horseshoes," as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent
I claim,
First, the combination with the stationary table B of the mandril c, the
rollers P, P, the stationary front die a, sliding side dies b, b, and top die e,
all applied to operate together substantially as and for the purpose described.
Second, operating the dies-b, b, which form the sides of the shoe by means of
the upright sliding rods F, F, with their wedge-shaped ends, the levers F, F,
and the cams D', D', on the shaft D, the whole combined. and applied as
described.
Third, the creasing and punching die g applied substantially as described to
work through openings in the stationary table B, upon which are arranged the
mandril and forming dies.
Fourth, the discharging lever N applied and operated by and operating
in combination with the mandril substantially as described to knock off the
shoes therefrom.
Fifth, the arrangement of the several working parts in the manner
described to constitute a machine by which the shoes are formed, their creases
produced, and their holes punched by a continuous operation.
In witness whereof; I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON.
(L.S.)