Improvements in and relating to Water Closets.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Applicati n, 22nd July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd May, 1894-Accepted, 7th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Water Closets.
We, JOHN JONES of 40 Sydney Street, Chelsea in the County of London,
Sanitary Engineer and SAMUEL HUNT ROWLEY of Swadlincote in the County
of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows :-
Our invention has reference to water closets and its objects are first to ensure that
when the closet is flushed the water together with the soil and paper shall be
discharged in an unbroken stream through the trap while all risk of a syphon
action which will untrap the basin is prevented; secondly to direct a portion of the
water from a flushing rim of the basin directly upon the top of the paper or other
floating substance so as to carry the same into the trap; thirdly to construct a
closet with a separate piece to constitute the downflow portion of an S trap so that
a basin made or fitted with a P trap may either be fitted in connection with a pipe
leading through the wall as is ordinarily the case when P traps are employed, or in
connection with the said separate piece the addition of which converts the P trap
into an Strap to lead towards or through the floor; and fourthly to provide a
better and more durable joint between the P trap and the piece connected thereto,
or between other parts of the closet.
According to the first part of our invention we provide an air space or chamber
in the P or other trap at or near the upper bend. This air space or chamber is
preferably formed by constructing the trap with an enlargement of the bore behind
the point where the water begins to descend into the downflow part of the trap and
in order to prevent the water entering the said enlargement we mould or form a rib
or ridge across the trap to direct the water towards the downflow part and thereby
keep it from entering the enlargement. The air that consequently remains and
becomes more or less compressed in this enlargement or space while the water is
passing through the trap ensures that the water together with the soil and paper
that it carries shall flow in an unbroken stream, and the air further prevents all risk
of a syphon action, which will untrap the basin, being set up.
According to the second part of our invention we form the flushing rim as usual
with a large outlet hole on the underside at a point diametrically opposite the
mouth of the trap, but instead of making this outlet merely a long hole so that all the
water that escapes through it passes down the inner wall of the basin, we enlarge
the outlet at the middle of its inner side so that the water that passes through the
enlargement is directed straight upon the top of the paper or other floating substance
without passing down the inner wall of the basin and it therefore carries the paper
or floating substance direct into the trap.
According to the third part of our invention we construct a separate earthenware
piece in the form of the downflow part of an Strap with a flange at its upper end
to enable it to be connected to a P trap moulded with or fixed to the closet basin,
the said P trap being also flanged to enable it to be connected to the said separate
piece. The P trap can thus as required be either converted into an S trap by the
addition of the separate piece or be used as a P trap.
According to the fourth part of our invention we avoid the use of india rubber
washers which are now frequently employed in forming joints between earthenware
or other sanitary pipes and which soon become rotten or deteriorate and we employ
for the purpose of making a joint between the P trap and the piece connected thereto
a washer of cork which makes a perfect joint, which is much more durable than those
in which an india rubber washer is employed. The cork washer is preferably of oval

page_text: section and is placed between the meeting flanges of the parts to be connected, one
or both of these flanges having an annular recess to receive or partly receive the
washer. When the flanges are drawn tightly together in any suitable manner the
cork washer makes a hermetic joint between them. We make a similar joint at
other required parts of the closet as for instance between the bottom of the basin
and the trap when this is made separately; if the joint in this case is under water
the consequent swelling of the cork will further ensure the hermeticity of the joint.
The P trap and the separate S piece may both or either be made of earthenware,
lead, aluminium or other suitable material.
Dated this 22nd day of July 1893.
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Water Closets.
We, JOHN JONES of 40 Sydney Street Chelsea in the County of London,
Sanitary Engineer, and SAMUEL. HUNT ROWLEY of Swadlincote in the County
of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention has reference to water closets and its objects are first to ensure that
when the closet is flushed the water together with the soil and paper shall be
discharged in an unbroken stream through the trap while all risk of a syphon action
which will untrap the basin is prevented; secondly to direct a portion of the water
from a flushing rim of the basin directly upon the top of the paper or other floating
substance so as to carry the same into the trap; thirdly to construct a closet with a
separate piece to constitute the downflow portion of an S trap so that a basin made or
fitted with a P trap may either be fitted in connection with a pipe leading through the
wall as is ordinarily the case when P traps are employed, or in connection with the
said separate piece the addition of which converts the P trap into au S trap to
lead towards or through the floor; and fourthly to provide a better and more
durable joint between the P trap and the piece connected thereto, or between other
parts of the closet.
According to the first part of our invention we provide an air space or chamber
in the P or other trap at or near the upper bend. This air space or chamber is
preferably formed by constructing the trap with an enlargement of the bore behind
the point where the water begins to descend into the downflow part of the trap and
in order to prevent the water entering the said enlargement we mould or form a rib
or ridge across the trap to direct the water towards the downflow part and thereby
keep it from entering the enlargement. The air that consequently remains and
becomes more or less compressed in this enlargement or space while the water is
passing through the trap ensures that the water together with the soil and paper
that it carries shall flow in an unbroken stream, and the air further prevents all risk
of a syphon action, which will untrap the basin, being set up.
According to the second part of our invention we form the flushing rim as usual
with a large outlet hole on the underside at a point diametrically opposite the
mouth of the trap, but instead of making this outlet merely a long hole so that all
the water that escapes through it passes down the inner wall of the basin, we
enlarge the outlet at the middle of its inner side so that the water that passes
through the enlargement is directed straight upon the top of the paper or other
floating substance without passing down the inner wall of the basin and it therefore
carries the paper or floating substance direct to the trap.
According to the third part of our invention we construct a separate earthenware

page_text: piece in the form of the downflow part of an S trap with a flange at its upper end
to enable it to be connected to a P trap moulded with or fixed to a closet basin,
the said P trap being also flanged to enable it to be connected to the said separate
piece. The P trap can thus as required be either converted into an S trap by the
addition of the separate piece or be used as a P trap.
According to the fourth part of our invention we avoid the use of india rubber
washers which are now frequently employed in forming joints between earthenware
or other sanitary pipes and which soon become rotten or deteriorate and we employ
for the purpose of making a joint between the P trap and the piece connected
thereto a washer of cork which makes a perfect joint which is much more durable
than those in which an india rubber washer is employed. The cork washer
preferably of oval section and is placed between the meeting flanges of the parts
to be connected, one or both of these flanges having an annular recess to receive
or partly receive the washer. When the flanges are drawn tightly together in any
suitable manner the cork washer makes a hermetic joint between them. We make
a similar joint at other required parts of a closet as for instance between the
bottom of the basin and the trap when this is made separately; if the joint in
this case is under water the consequent swelling of the cork will further ensure
the hermeticity of the joint.
The P trap and the separate S piece may both or either be made of earthenware,
lead, aluminium or other suitable material.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a central vertical section and Figure 2:
a plan of a water closet to which our improvements are applied.
a is the basin, 6 the flushing rim, e the outlet from the basin, and d a P trap with
which the outlet c communicates. e is the air space or chamber which in accordance
with the first part of our invention we provide at or near the upper bend of the
trap whether it be a P trap or other form of trap. This air chamber is shown as
formed by an enlargement of the bore of the trap behind the point where the
water begins to descend into the downflow part of the trap. f is the rib or ridge
which we mould or form across the trap to direct the water towards the downflow
part and thereby prevent it from entering the enlargement e. g is the large outlet
hole in the flushing rim situated as usual on the underside at a point diametrically
opposite the mouth c of the trap but instead of making the outlet 9 merely a long
hole as usual we enlarge it at the middle of its inner side substantially as shown
at gl so that the water that passes through the enlargement is directed straight
upon the top of the paper or other floating substance as already herein before
described. his the separate earthenware piece wh.ch in accordance with our
invention we make in the form of the downflow part of an S trap with a flange i.
at its upper end to enable it to be connected to a P trap moulded with or fixed
to a closet basin the P trap having a corresponding flange such as that shown
atk on the trap d. represents a cork washer, which we employ in accordance
with our invention in lieu of the india rubber washers or other means hitherto
adopted to form joints between earthenware or other sanitary pipes. We have
shown it as applied to form a joint between the flanges of the P trap d and of the
separate piece but it can be applied at any other required part of a closet as for
instance between the bottom of the basin and the trap when this is made separately.
The cork washer is preferably of oval section as shown, and it is preferred to form
one or both of the flanges between which it is placed with annular recesses such as
seen in Figure 1 to receive or partly receive it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Constructing water closet traps with an air chamber at or near the upper bend
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
2. In a water closet trap the combination with an air chamber such as e at or

page_text: near the upper bend for the purpose set forth of a rib or ridge such as fas and for
the purpose herein before described.
3. In a water closet having a flushing rim with a large outlet hole on the under-
side opposite the trap mouth, making the said outlet hole considerably larger at
the middle than at and towards the ends as and for the purpose herein before
described.
4. A separate earthenware piece in the form of the downflow part of an S trap
and having a flange at its upper end to enable it to be connected to a corresponding
flange on a P trap moulded with or fixed to a closet basin as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described.
5. The combination with flanges on the meeting ends of two parts of a closet
that require to be hermetically connected together of a cork washer fitted between
the two flanges as and for the purpose herein before described.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1894.
J. C. MEWBURN ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.