IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MAKING BRICKS FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Murray, of Loman Street, Southwark, in
the County of Surrey, Machinist, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MAKING BRICKS FROM PLASTIC
SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Murray at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1880.
CHARLES HENRY MURRAY, of Loman Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN MAKING BRICKS FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
My Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or apparatus
employed in making bricks from plastic substances, and relates to inachines of tho
class in which clay is delivered from the pug mill through a suitable dic, and is cut
up into lengths, which when properly burnt form bricks. The clay before entering
the pug mill is passed between compound rollers, cach composed of a number of
short rollers. These I construct with steel studs or projections, and with cavities
or recesses, and I so arrange them that the steel studs or projections of one roller of
the pair shall as the rollers rotate come opposite to and partly enter the cavities or
recesses of the other roller.
The faces of the rollers may longitudinally be straight, and parallel one to the
other, or they may be of a waved or corrugated form.
The pug mill shaft is provided at its lower end with a spur wheel in gear with a
broad spur pinion fixed on another vertical shaft suitably driven, so that the
pinion and wheel may be always properly in gear notwithstanding any vertical
displacement of the pug mill shaft consequent on wear of the upper bearing surfaces
theroof.
The die through which the clay is delivered is of the kind well known as
Murray's Patent" (No. 2058, A.D. 1867) in which the sides of the die are mado
hollow and removeable, and are supplied with water or other lubricant, which is
caused to exude from the hollow vessels through holes or openings made in the
faces of those vessels which are covered with fustian or other like porous material.
Pine Sh

page_text: To economise time and fustian or like porous covering I provide near each hollow
vessel a reel; around which is wound a length of fustian or other porous material.
The outer end of this is passed over the perforated face of the adjacent hollow vessel
or box, and compressed between the fixed and stationary parts of the die, so as to
pack the joints and render them perfectly water-tight. When the lining or covering
of the perforated box or vessel requires renewing, the screw is loosened and the
free end of the fustian or porous material pulled until the portion of fustian or
material that has been used is drawn away from the perforated surface. By this
act fresh fustian or porous material is simultaneously drawn from the real over the
perforated surface, and thus a fresh covering is obtained without removing the
perforated box or vessel as heretofore necessary.
After drawing out the fustian or porous material as described, it is simply
necessary to again set up the screw and cut off the worn portion of fustian or porous
material.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuanco of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Henry Murray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
October 1880.
CHARLES HENRY MURRAY, of Loman Street, Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN MAKING BRICKS FROM PLASTIC SUBSTANCES."
My Invention has for object improvements in machinery or apparatus employed
in making bricks from plastic substances, and relates to machines of the class in
which clay is delivered from the pug mill through a suitable die, and is cut up
into lengths, which whon properly burnt form bricks. The clay before entering the
pug mill is passed between compound rollers, each composed of a number of short
rollers. These I construct with steel studs or projections, and with cavities or
recesses, and I so arrange them that the steel studs or projections of one roller of
the pair shall as the rollers rotate come opposite to and partly enter the cavities or
recesses of the other roller.
The faces of the rollers may longitudinally be straight and parallel one to the
other, or they may be of a waved, grooved, or corrugated form.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2 an end clevation, and Fig. 3 a vertical
section of ono of the short rollers that together form my improved compound
roller.
n is the body or plate of the roller; o, the rim; p, p, steel studs dovetailed into
its periphery; q, q, recesses or cavities into which studs upon the corresponding
compound roller may freely enter. There are two studs and two recesses shewn upon
the roller, but there may be any convenient number of cach, or all the studs may
be arranged on one roller, and all the cavities on the corresponding roller; Fig. 4
shows a number of short rollers with studs and recesses arranged upon a shaft to
form a parallel compound roller; Fig. 6 is a side elevation of one of the component
parts of a grooved or indented roller, which is shewn partly in elevation and partly
in section at Fig. 5. Its periphery of each section is formed of two rings of
different diameters, the larger r having recesses 9, 9, and the smaller being smooth.
The pug mill shaft is provided at its lower end with a spur wheel in gear with a
broad spur pinion fixed on another vertical shaft suitably driven, so that the
pinion and wheel may be always properly in gear, notwithstanding any vertical
displacement of the pug mill shaft consequent on woar of the upper bearing surface
thereof.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 shew in plan side clevation and end elevation respectively a
combination of pug mill gearing arranged according to this part of my Invention.
a is a horizontal shaft driving by bevel gear the vertical shaft b, upon which is
the broad pinion c that takes into the main spur wheel d on the pug mill shaft c.
The die through which the clay is delivered is of the kind well known as
Murray's Patent," No. 2158, A.D. 1867, in which the sides of the die are mado
hollow and removeable, and are supplied with water or other lubricant, which is
caused to exude from the hollow vessels or “bottlos” through holes or openings made
in the faces of those vessels which are covered with fustian or other like porous
material. To economise time and fustian or like porous covering I provide near
each hollow vessel a reel, around which is wound a length of fustian or other
porous material. The other end of this is passed over the perforated face of the
adjacent hollow vessel or box and compressed between the fixed and moveable
parts of the die so as to pack the joints and render them perfectly watertight.
When the lining or covering of the perforated box or vessel requires renewing the
screw is loosened and the free end of the fustian or porous material pulled until the
portion of fustian or material that has been worn has been drawn away from the

page_text: perforated surface. By this act fresh fustian or porous material is simultaneously
drawn from the reel over the perforated surface, and thus a fresh covering is
obtained without removing the perforated box or vessel as heretofore necessary.
After drawing out the fustian or porous material as described it is simply necessary
to again set up the screw and cut off the worn portion of fustian or porous
material.
Figs. 10, 11, and 12 show so much of a brick machine as is necessary to illustrate
my Invention for renewing the porous lining of the dios. Fig. 10 being a plan,
Fig. 11 a front elevation, and Fig. 12 an end elevation.
h, h, are the faces of the die; i, i, reels of fustian or other porous material, the
outer or free ends of which i¹, i, are tightly drawn over the perforated faces of the
die as shewn; j, j, are screws whereby the dies may be loosened or tightened when
required. The reels of fustian or other porous material are carried by removeable
pins retained by the thumbscrews m, thus admitting of easy application and
removal.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained in what
manner the same is or may be performed, I would have it understood that what I
claim as new and secured to me under the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part
recited is,-
1. The use in machinery for the manufacture of bricks of compound rollers con-
structed with steel studs or projections, and with cavities or recesses in their
peripheries, and so arranged that the studs can enter the cavities as they revolve,
substantially as described.
2. The method of providing for the wear of the pug mill shaft bearings by the
employment of a broad pinion in gear with a spur wheel, substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 7, 8, and 9.
3. The method of providing for ready renewal of the fustian or other linings of
the dies by the application of reels, on which lining material is held in reserve in
such manner that it can be brought over the faces of the perforated vessel or box
as and when required, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Murray, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.