CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OR PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURING EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND ALSO IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO SUCH MANUFACTURES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WALL, Junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifth day of October, in the seventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Wall, Junior, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said George Wall, Junior, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Wall, Junior, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS OR PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURING
EARTHENWARE, CHINA, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND ALSO IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO SUCH MANUFACTURES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said George Wall, Junior, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2), to give rotary motion to this lower shaft, at the inner end of
which a bevel pinion i is fixed, taking into a corresponding bevel pinion k upon
a short vertical spindle 1. To the upper end of this spindle a crank arm m is
fixed, having a pin or stud n, which takes into a slot in the sliding table p, p,
the form of the slot being shewn by dots in Fig. 3; hence it will be perceived
that by the rotation of the toothed gear described, the revolving crank arm
m and pin n will cause the table p, p, supported by the four lugs q. 7, 4,
as seen at Fig. 3, to move reciprocally on the horizontal rods r, r. This table
I call the feeding table, as the mould intended to receive the "bat" of clay from
the bottom of the cylinder is placed upon it, as shewn at A, and it carries that
mould and bat of clay onward to be acted upon by the pressing apparatus, as
shewn at B in the section Fig. 4. The counter presser by which the bat of
clay is to be fixed upon the mould consists of a stationary concave part C, C,
fixed by a transverse bar s, s, to the framework, which bar may be adjusted
and a centre or moveable part D, capable of rising and falling, as shown in
section, Fig. 4. A horizontal plate t, t, is fixed upon a vertical sliding rod u,
and is lifted occasionally by the action of a bent lever v, working on a fulcrum
pin in the lower part of the frame, as seen in Fig. 4. This lever v is raised at
the periods required by a cam w upon the shaft of the wheel h. E is a shaft
mounted perpendicularly in the frame, capable of turning or vibrating, and
carries a toothed wheel F, and also a ratchet wheel G, which wheels are made
fast together and turn loosely on the shaft E. From the upper end of this
shaft E, and affixed to it, an arm H extends, carrying a spring catch, which
takes into the ratchet wheel G. From the lower end of the same shaft E, and
affixed to it, extends a double-armed lever I, I, which is shewn detached in two
positions in the auxiliary Figures 10 and 11, their corresponding positions
being shewn by dots in Figures 1 and 3. The upper or short arm of this
lever I is acted upon by the stud z in its motion from right to left, and which
causes the ratchet catch a to take up a certain number of teeth on the ratchet
wheel, and the lower arm of this lever under the table is acted upon by the
pin u in its motion from left to right, which causes the piston c to descend
by means of the catch a carrying round the wheel F and pinion e. y is a
wire or string for cutting off the clay protruded below the bottom of the
cylinder occasionally by the descent of the piston c. This wire or string is
stretched between the two ends of an arm or lever K, and is kept tight by a
piral spring, as shewn in Fig. 1, and also in the detached Fig. 12. is an
djustable stud set on the table p, and is designed to act against the upper
rm of the lever I on the shaft E, as described before, and also to move the
rm or lever K by taking into the forked part, as seen in Fig. 12, and thus

page_text: the wire or string y is made to cut off the "bat" or slice of clay, as
described. The mode of working this machine is as follows:-The parts
of the machine being in the position shewn in the several Figures of the
Drawing, and the pulley f or winch being set in motion in the direction
indicated by the arrow seen in Fig. 2, the crank arm m will be made to
revolve by means of the toothed wheel and pinions g, h, i, and k, and thus the
table p will receive first a backward movement (from right to left), the stud z
moving the cutter lever k along the bottom of the cylinder, and causing the
wire or string y to cut off the clay protruding from it, as shewn in the Figures
1, 2, and 4, in which the bat of clay is represented as falling by its own weight
after being separated by the cutter y. The "bat" being cut off, the table
reverses the direction of the motion and begins a forward movement, the stud
z moving the lever k along the bottom of the cylinder; the pin n then acts on
the lower arm of the lever I, I, causing the piston c to descend as described,
and thus forcing a certain quantity of clay to protrude from the bottom of the
cylinder, proportioned in thickness to the number of teeth taken up by the
catch a of the ratchet wheel, which may be varied as desired by adjusting the
stud z. By this movement of the table the mould in the position A will
be carried forward to be acted upon as shewn at B in Fig. 4, and the
stud will have carried the cutter y along the bottom of the cylinder, as
described prior to the descent of the clay. When the table returns, another
mould is placed in the position A, the stud z again moves, the cutter lever k
and wire y cutting off the clay which has been protruded from the cylinder,
and thus produces a "bat" which falls on the mould placed to receive it, as
before described, and the parts of the machine are again in the position shewn
in the Drawing. The stud again causes the ratchet to take up a regulated
number of teeth as before, and whilst the same operation is being repeated the
forward movement of the table conveys the mould with the "bat" lying upon
it over the presser plate t, which is raised at the proper time by the lever v
being acted upon by the cam w, and lifts the mould and "bat" into the
position as shewn at B, Fig. 2. It will be seen that when the presser t lifts
the moulds and "bat" into the counter presser the "bat" of clay will come
in contact first with the moveable or central part D, which drives out the air
from the middle, and fixes the "bat" of clay to the mould first in that part;
it then comes in contact with the fixed or concave part of the counter presser
C, which presses it all round and fixes the "bat" firmly on the mould.
During this operation the table has returned to its furthest point to the "left,"
and the mould is again delivered on to it as the pressert recedes, and is taken
onwards by the next movement of the table, and may then be removed from

page_text: the machine. It will be understood that these two operations are going on at
the same time. It is evident that the "bats" may be made of any size
required, by having a larger or smaller cylinder; or the same cylinder may be
used for producing different sized "bats," having suitable false bottoms to fit
the cylinder, each with different sized openings, according to the size of "bat"
to be forced through it. The "bats" may be made also of any required shape,
round, oval, square, or other form, by varying the shape of its opening at
bottom, or by substituting a suitable vessel instead of a cylinder. The
thickness also may be varied by adjusting the stud as explained.
I would remark, in respect to this part of my Invention, that I am aware
that tiles have been made by causing clay to be forced upwards and protruded
through a suitable apparatus, and then cut off by a wire and removed by hand;
and I mention this circumstance in order to state that I do not claim the same.
The peculiarity of this part of my Invention consists in causing the "slices"
or "bats" of clay to be forced downwards through a suitably shaped orifice, so
as to fall on to a mould or surface when cut off, and so as to allow of the next
operation being performed thercon without handling the "bat;" and it will be
evident that the receiving mould or surface below will be varied according
to the article to be manufactured therefrom.
Figure 5 represents a front elevation of an improved arrangement of
machinery, whereby "bats" of clay are formed into such like circular articles
or ware as cups, saucers, basins, &c., by means of a revolving spindle, and the
use of a "profile," being an improved arrangement of apparatus, but similar in
some respects to that specified under my former Letters Patent granted by Her
present most Excellent Majesty, bearing date at Westminster, the Eleventh day
of January, One thousand eight hundred and forty, the Specification of which
was duly enrolled in the Office of the Rolls Chapel. Figure 6 is a side or end
view of the same, and Fig. 7 a horizontal view, as seen from above, and partly in
section, in which all the parts of the machine above the profiles are removed,
to prevent confusion. These Figures are drawn to a scale of about one inch
and a half to the foot. a, a, a, a, is the frame of the machine; b, the driving
shaft; c, the cam shaft; d, a carrier wheel which communicates the motion of
pinion e to the wheel on the cam shaft; g, a cam acting on a lever h, which
moves the feeding table k to and fro by means of a link A and bracket B; lis
another cam which moves the "profile" levers m, m, by means of the connect-
ing rod n, and lever o, and double screw box 10; p, p, are cams which cause
the rise and fall of the spindles q, q, by means of the steps r, r, which slide in
the bearings s, s; t is a cam which acts on the strap guide u.
These cams are
more clearly explained by the Diagram shewn at Fig. 13. v, a cone pulley on

page_text: the driving shaft b, which gives motion by a strap to the cone pulley won the
shaft a, and thence, by band pulleys y, y, gives a variable speed to the spindles
9. 9. 1 and 2 are the fast and loose pulleys which, if the machine is not to
be driven by power, are to be substituted by a winch; (3) is a tank contain-
ing water; 4, 4, taps acted upon by the weights 5, 5, and the levers 6, 6, so
as to give a supply of water on the clay whilst being shaped by the profiles;
7, 7, are iron cases having "profiles" fastened in them, and are screwed on
the profile levers m, m. The detents or holders 8, 8, are affixed on a bar to
the side frames of the machine, as is shewn. The table has a square opening
through it, and has holders 82, 82, affixed to receive the moulds with bats
thereon; 83, 83, are corresponding holders affixed at the opposite side of the
opening through the table. Figure 6 and 7 shew the table as far as it will
go towards the left; and Figure 7 represents one set of the detents occupied.
On the other side only one mould is shewn, viz. that upon the spindle. The
object of thus shewing the parts is to facilitate the workmen in understanding
their mode of operating. (11) and (12) shew other angular holders or
detents; and it should be stated, that all holders or detents should be readily
moveable so as to be changed for different articles. The holders or detents
(11) are fixed to a bar (13), which moves on axles at (14), (14), and the
detents or holders (12) are affixed to a bar (15), moving on axles at (16), (16),
and the bars 13 and 15 are connected together by the link (17) seen in
Figure 6, attached by pin joints to projecting pieces (18+) affixed to the
ends of the bars 15 and 16. Motion is communicated to the bars 13 and 15
at the proper times to raise the detents or angular holders by means of the
link (18), so as to allow the moulds, &c. to pass under them. The link (18)
is attached by pin joints to the link (19), which gives motion to the profile
levers and to one of the bars (13), as shewn. By this arrangement it will
readily be understood that the workman places the moulds, with bats thereon,
on to the holders 82, in the angular detents or holders (8, 8,); and by the
movement of the table, the moulds and "bats" will be carried over the
spindles 9, 9, which, by the action of the cams r, r, rise and take up the moulds
and bats, at the same time giving them a rotary motion. These spindles have
a cap on the top of them, as seen at Fig. 14, suited to fit a similar cavity in
the bottom of the mould. The table will then return, the ware on the spindles
will be shaped, and afterwards deposited on to the holders 83, by which they
will be carried, by the next movement of the table, under and beyond the
detents or holders (11), and then the table will again return, and the pieces
of ware carried from the spindles will be prevented returning by the detents
or holders (11) which fall as soon as the moulds, &c. have passed under

page_text: them. The pieces of ware retained by the detents or holders (11) will be
moved with the table, at its next movement, under and beyond the holders
(12), and will be prevented returning with the table by the detents or holders
(12). 9, 9, is a trough to receive the waste water which escapes by the
pipe 9*; (10) and (10*) are double screw boxes for regulating the pressure
of the "profiles," and adjusting the "profile" levers; x, x, are springs,under
the spindles 9, 9, to compensate, if required, for any irregularity in the thick-
nesses of the moulds, and give elastic pressure in shaping the ware. The
mode of operation of this machine is as follows:-The machine being in
action, the table moves to and fro; the spindles being, during the forward
movement of the table, below the table, will rise (when the table has attained
its farthest point to the right hand) into the bottoms of the moulds, and will
lift them from the holders 82, at the same time causing the moulds with the
clay to revolve. At this moment the "profiles" descend, and press upon the
clay, and the taps being opened by the descent of the "profiles," water is
supplied, and the clay is formed into the desired shape by the pressure of the
profiles "acting upon the "bats" fixed on the moulds, the motion of the
spindles q, q, being at first rapid (so as to form the article quickly), and then
gradually slower (so as to finish it well), by the action of the cam t, and strap
guide u. During this operation the table has returned to its farthest point
backward, and has again assumed the position shewn in the Drawing. The
spindles q, q, then drop down by the action of the cams p, p, leaving the
moulds, with the ware upon them, on the holders 83, and the "profiles" will
rise to allow of the removal of the now-formed ware. The table then moves
forward, bringing another set of moulds and "bats" over the spindles, to be
formed as before described, and taking those just finished successively under
the holders 11 and 12, into a position to be removed into the drying house.
Thus they pass on progressively till they are delivered from the machine.
"
Figure 8 represents an elevation of a machine, seen partly in section,
designed for shaping articles of earthenware, china, and other similar sub-
stances, by pneumatic pressure in combination with moulds.
a, a, is the
frame of the machine; b, an air vessel with a plate at the bottom, having a
hole in it, with a nozzle x; c is a piston, having valves opening inwards;
d, the piston rod, which is actuated by the hand levere and link f, or other
convenient means; g is a bed capable of being raised or lowered by the screw
h and hand wheel k; 1 is a mould similar to those in ordinary use for making
teapots and such like articles, and divided into parts, as usual, in order to
allow the articles moulded in them to be delivered; m is a cylindrical bat of
clay made by squeezing the clay through an opening in the bottom of a

page_text: cylinder, as shewn in Figure 9, in like manner as tubes of clay have hereto-
fore been formed, and as is well understood. n is an ordinary flat "bat."
The mode of operation of this machine is as follows:-The "bat" n being
placed on the convex under part of the mould 1, and the cylindrical bat m
introduced, as is shewn in the Drawing, the upper and lower parts of the
mould are put together, and placed on the bed g, which is then screwed up
until the mould comes in contact with the under surface of the air vessel,
and by the excess of clay the joint becomes nearly air-tight. It should be
observed that, in screwing the upper part of the mould against the bottom of
the air vessel, the "bats" m and n are, by the pressure, perfectly united at their
juncture. The piston rod d being now lowered, the piston descends in the air
vessel, and condenses the air, forcing the bat m against the sides of the mould,
and thus forming it to the required shape, the air in the mould escaping at
the vertical joint. I would remark, that the means of forcing air to cause
bats to be pressed thereby, and the moulds used for such purposes, will be
varied according to the shape of the article to be made by the presence of air
in combination wh
purpose of forming, pressing, or manufacturing small articles of earthenware,
china, &c., such as pomatum or other boxes and cups, and may also be applied
for other similar purposes; Figure 2 is an end view of the same; Fig. 3, a
longitudinal section taken through the middle of the machine; and Fig. 4 is
a horizontal view of the same, as seen from above; these Figures being
drawn to a scale of about three inches to the foot. a, a, is the frame of the
machine; b, b, is the cylinder containing the clay of which the articles are to
be formed; c is a piston actuated by a screw d, which is turned by a hand-
wheel e, or otherwise; f is a mould or die which fits into the frame of the
machine, and is to form the outside of the article to be made, and may be
taken out and replaced at pleasure; g is a mould which forms the inside of
the article, and is attached to the screw h, which is turned by the hand wheel
i; k is a small nut with a handle by which the screw and mould g may be
moved forward without their turning; is a small lever for retaining the
cylinder in its proper place.
The mode of working of this machine is as follows:-A mould f is placed
in the part fitted to receive it, as shewn in the Drawing at Figures 3 and 4,
whilst the inside mould g is in the situation shewn by the dotted lines in
Fig. 3. The mould g is then screwed up by turning the hand wheel i till it

page_text: comes into the position represented in the Figures. It will be seen that the
space between the two moulds and g is of the form of the intended article.
The cylinder 6 having been charged with clay, as shewn, the piston c is forced
up by the screw and hand wheel e, and thus presses the clay into the space
between the two moulds until it becomes filled, which is indicated by the
escape of clay at the opposite ends of the moulds. The inner mould g is now
to be withdrawn by turning the hand wheel i, leaving the article in the mould f.
A wire is then passed down a narrow space between the mould and the cylinder
which separates the clay in the cylinder from that which has been squeezed
into the moulds. The mould f is then taken away, with the formed article in
it, to be dried. This operation may then be repeated, with another mould f
for the outside; but the same inside mould is used again and again. A little
oil is to be applied to prevent the clay adhering to the moulds, if they be made
of metal. It will readily be understood, that it is important that this machine
should be so arranged as to allow of the interior die or mould g being with-
drawn before the article is separated from the clay in the cylinder; for if this
separation were made before the mould g was withdrawn the article formed
would sometimes adhere to one and sometimes to the other of the moulds g, f,
or be destroyed by a partial adherence to both; whereas, by this combination
of apparatus, the inner mould is withdrawn whilst the article remains attached
to the clay in the cylinder, which keeps it from adhering to the mould g.
Fig. 5 represents a side elevation of a machine for forming articles tech-
nically called
"flat ware," such as plates, dishes, &c., by means of a rolling
pressure; Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the same; Fig. 7 is a horizontal view
of the machine, as seen from above; and Fig. 8, a vertical section taken
through about the middle of the machine in the position shewn in Fig. 5.
These Figures are drawn to a scale of about three inches to the foot.
a, a, is
the frame of the machine; b, b, a carriage which runs to and fro upon four
rollers c, c, c, c; d, d, is a bed which is attached to the carriage, and may be
adjusted by the screws e, e, e, (see Fig. 6) so as to raise or lower it; f, f, are
racks affixed to the sides of the carriage; g, g, are toothed segments gearing
into the racks, and are fastened on the shaft h, on which is fixed the lever k;
I is a segment of a cylinder containing the upper mould fastened to the seg-
ments g, g.
This machine is worked in the manner following:-An ordinary mould m,
with a "bat" of clay upon it, (as formed by the machine represented in
Sheet 1, Fig. 1,) is placed upon the bed of the carriage, and is retained in its
place by the pins n, n, n. The lever k then being depressed, either by hand

page_text: The
in them, and through the layers of sand or other filtering material.
pressure is to be continued until the clay is reduced to the proper consist-
ence for working.
A machine, designed as a modification of this process, but acting by the
pressure of air into a vacuum, is represented in longitudinal section at
Fig. 3, and in a horizontal view, as seen from above, at Fig. 4, being drawn
upon a scale of about one inch and a half to the foot, wherein the prin-
cipal difference is the mode of forming the slip" at once into "bats,"
upon a travelling cloth on a table, by the application of atmospheric pressure.
The "slip" is to be drawn from the vat or cistern a, and conducted, by
troughs or otherwise, into the moulds or frames b, b, b, b, which may either
be circular, as shewn in the Drawing, or of any other required figure.
When they are filled the air chamber c, c, is to be exhausted, and the
aqueous part of the "slip" thus pressed by the force of the atmosphere
through the perforated top plate k of the air vessel, and the bed of sand
or other filtering material d. The frame b, b, is then to be raised by a
convenient parallel apparatus, as the links e, e, shewn in dots, in Fig. 3,
when the clay will be deposited upon the endless cloth f, f, distended over
the rollers g, g, in the form of "bats," and may be removed by the doctor 1,
and received upon the table i as the cloth traverses across the machine.
"
Or, as another modification of this operation, the " slip" may be drawn off
into a frame the whole width of the travelling cloth, and not divided into
separate bats," and thus formed in a sheet or large "bat," which may be
Or other modifications.
subsequently made continuous or rolled into masses.
may be made, so long as the slip is filtered by mechanical or atmospheric
pressure into a vacuum.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, represent a peculiar construction of mould for
making articles of earthenware, china, and other similar substances by pres-
sure. a is an ordinary mould for a plate or other such like "flat" article, and
is in an iron case (as seen in section Fig. 6); b is a mould to form the back
or reverse side of the article, and is formed of two concentric parts &' and b²;
c is the upper ram of a press, so constructed in two concentric parts that one
part projects below the other, and gives pressure to the corresponding or middle
part of the concentric mould 6. Then the spiral spring d gives way until
5 the other part of the ram comes in contact with the outer part of the mould;
and e is the lower bed of a press. Thus the pressure is divided, and the
article formed with very small pressure, and consequent little liability to break
the moulds.
Fig. 9 represents a side elevation of a machine designed for the purpose of

page_text: printing paper to be transferred to articles of earthenware, china, &c., by
means of flat copper or steel plates, and Fig. 10 is an end elevation of the
same. a, a, is the framing of the machine, supporting the press roller b and
bed roller c, and also the roll of paper d to be printed; a trough e containing
size, a colour box f, and doctor g. There are also two steam chests h, h,
provided, for heating the printing plates. i, i, represent a continuous series of
printing plates, mounted at their ends by means of a clip and stud k (sec
detached Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) in slots in the endless side chains 7, 1,
distended over the drums m, m. This mode of securing the plates will be
readily understood by reference to the detached Figures, and which affords
great facility in removing or replacing any particular plate, or number of
plates required. The spring catch n being withdrawn, the stud k of the
printing plate is allowed to drop into the slot or receptacle in the chain,
after which the catch springs back into the position shewn in Figures 11,
12, and 13; thus retaining the stud k and plate i from falling out when
passing over the rollers m, m.
Fig. 16 represents a side elevation of a novel arrangement of machinery
for applying a pattern or device to the paper to be transferred to articles
of earthenware, china, &c. by a "stencilling process." a, a, is the framing of
the machine, supporting in bearings the roll of paper intended to receive the
pattern, and which passes over the bed or presser roller c. The formula
or pattern required is pierced or perforated through the endless sheet of parch-
ment or other suitable material d, d, which is distended over the guide or
tension rollers e, e, e, and also the colouring roller f, which, on being turned
by a winch or other means, the colour roller receives its charge by revolving in
the trough of colour g, and, as the perforated or pattern cloth passes in contact
with the paper between the colour and presser roller, the colour is squeezed
through the perforations in the sheet d, and thus the pattern or device will
be "stencilled," or produced upon the paper, ready for the transferring
process.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the various operations thereof are to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that the particular features of novelty which I claim under the
above in part recited Letters Patent are,-
Firstly, the arranging of machinery for producing bats" of clay, so that
the "bats," when cut from a feeding vessel, fall on to moulds or other sur-
faces, so as to be in a condition to be carried forward and operated on by tho
subsequent process without handling.
Secondly, the method of fixing "bats" on moulds, (by means of the counter

page_text: presser, as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, and 3, Drawing Sheet 1,) in
order to their undergoing the process of shaping.
Thirdly, the application of profiles on levers having moveable centres of
action in place of fixed axes, as heretofore used by me; and also, under this
head, the employment of springs, either to the spindles or to the profile levers,
as described in respect to Figures 5, 6, and 7, of Drawing Sheet 1; and like-
wise the employment of a variable speed for the spindles during the operation
of forming the article.
Fourthly, the method of forming or shaping articles of clay in or upon
moulds by the pressure of air, as described in respect to Figures 8 and 9, of
Drawing Sheet 1.
Fifthly, the moulding of articles of china and earthenware, or other similar
substances, by expressing the clay into moulds, as f and in manner described
in respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Drawing Sheet 2.
I.
Sixthly, the mode of moulding articles of china, earthenware, or other
similar substances, by means of a rolling pressure, as described in respect to
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, of Drawing Sheet 2.
Seventhly, separating water from "slip" by filtration, aided by mechanical
pressure or by atmospheric pressure, acting against a vacuum, as described in
respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, of Drawing Sheet 3.
Eighthly, the use of a mould, divided into two or more "concentric" parts,
in connection with such a pressure as will cause the force to be applied to
them separately at first, and ultimately to them collectively, to complete the
operation.
Ninthly, the method of arranging a machine whereby a series of engraved
plates are combined, so as to be successively printed from for the purpose of
the manufacture of china, earthenware, and other similar substances.
And, tenthly, the arrangement of machinery for working a continuous
stencilling apparatus for printing paper for china, earthenware, and other such
like substances.
And, in conclusion, I desire it to be understood that I do not intend to confine
myself to the precise forms and details shewn in the Drawings hereto annexed,
but I claim the right of modifying the apparatus in any way which shall
embrace the peculiar features of each part of my Invention, as described
above.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Wall, Junior, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
GEORGE (L.s.) WALL, Jun'.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourth day of April, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid George Wall came before our Lady
the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Fifth day of April, in the year above written.