Improvements in Cylindrical, Tapered, or other Tubes, Chiefly Applicable to "Cop Tubes," such as are Used for Spinning, Weaving, and other Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct:, 1888.
Complete Specification Left, 16th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 16th Feb., 188
Improvements in Cylindrical, Tapered, or other Tubes, Chiefly
Applicable to "Cop Tubes," such as are Used for Spinning,
Weaving, and other Purposes.
We WILLIAM PILKINGTON, 74 Green Lanes Small Heath, Steel tube drawer,
CHARLES THOMAS BISHOP 31 Wheeleys Road, Wire Worker, and ANDERSON
BROWNSWORD Mapperley Road Nottingham Silk Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of our said invention to be as follows:-
We will describe our invention thus
Cop tubes and short tubes usually made seamless and always having one end closed.
This closed end has heretofore been formed by a plug screwed into or otherwise
affixed to one end of the cop tube.
The great defect in these tubes has been that the vibration to which they are subject
in working has the effect of loosening these end pieces.
To prevent this is the object of our invention which consists substantially in the
manufacture of the said Cop tubes or other tubes which have closed ends in making
the same solid.
We effect this by making the closed end of the tube all in one piece, that is, with
the body of the tube, and the first stage of the process of manufacture is as
follows: :-
We provide a very strong hollow cylindrical mould of iron, steel or other suitable
material of ample strength to withstand the internal pressure to which it will be
subjected; the internal diameter of this mould is the same as the external diameter of
the tube (in its first stage) to be made. This cylindrical mould stands vertically;
it is open at the top and closed at the bottom: the bottom is usually hemispherical."
We partly fill this mould with metal in a fluid, semi-fluid or plastic state, the metal
being either at a high temperature or at a moderate one, according to its nature. We
then bring the open topped mould containing the metal under a cylindrical ram or
core whose diameter is the same as the internal diameter of the tube (in its first stage)
to be made. The lower end of the ram is usually hemispherical but may be of any

page_text: other shape. The ram is concentric with the mould. By means of hydraulic or
other pressure we then force down the ram into the fluid or plastic metal, or may
place the mould on the rising table of a press and force it up against a fixed ram, the
effect being the same. The ram enters the metal and displaces it, causing it to rise
all around it. The action is stopped before the end of the ram reaches the bottom of
the mould; the metal then is in the form of a short thick tube surrounding the ram
and having a closed end or cap covering the end of the ram somewhat like a thimble,
or cartridge case. When the metal is cool enough, the ram with this tube on it is
withdrawn from the mould and the tube is then taken off the ram. The tube, still
retaining its closed end, is afterwards drawn through suitable dies until it attains its
proper length and thickness. We may make the mould without a bottom to it and
form the bottom in the rising table of the press, or in a separate block of metal, or we
may make the mould in halves by. division along the axial line securing the halves
together firmly while in use. In this case we should preferably use a separate bottom
piece.
We have described our invention as applied to cylindrical parallel tubes with one
hemispherical end, but we may modify the mould and the ram se as to produce either
parallel or taper tubes and of various cross sections :-the closed ends may be of a
variety of shapes as hemispherical, conical, or conoidal.
We may employ a modification of the process above described by making the
central opening in the mould of two different diameters: the upper part being large
in diameter and shallow and the lower part smaller in diameter but much deeper.
The metal in a plastic state being then- placed in the upper or shallow part and the
plunger pressed down upon it, the metal is forced into the lower deep part of the
mould as well as in the upper shallow part. The effect of this is that the tube in its
first, stage of manufacture is in the shape of a disc with a thickened centre
or boss.
ог
In the next stage of manufacture we prefer to use a bottom die mould of a
conoidal or other suitable shape, with a similarly shaped ram.
In this as well as in
the subsequent drawing processes we maintain the extra thickness which was at the
centre of the disc in the first stage and which becomes the closed end in the finished
cop tube. In this closed end we may for some purposes drill or pierce a small hole as
is done in cop tubes as at present manufactured.
T: 11:1 Oil 1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylindrical, Tapered, or other Tubes, Chiefly
Applicable to "Cop Tubes," such as are Used for Spinning,
Weaving, and other Purposes.
We WILLIAM PILKINGTON, 74 Green Lanes, Small Heath, Steel tube drawer,
CHARLES THOMAS BISHOP, 31 Wheeley's Road, Wire worker, and ANDERSON
BROWNSWORD, Mapperley Road, Nottingham, Silk Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
We will describe our invention thus :-
Cop tubes are short tubes usually made seamless and always having one end
closed. This closed end has heretofore been formed by a plug screwed into or
otherwise affixed to one end of the cop tube.
The great defect in these tubes has been that the vibration to which they are
subject in working has the effect of loosening these end pieces.
To prevent this is the object of our invention which consists substantially in the
manufacture of the said cop tubes or other tubes which have closed ends in making
the same solid..
We effect this by making the closed end of the tube all in one piece, that is with
the body of the tube, and the first stage of the process of manufacture is as
follows:-
We provide a very strong hollow cylindrical mould of iron, steel, or other suitable
material of ample strength to withstand the internal pressure to which it will be
subjected, the internal diameter of this mould is the same as the external diameter of
the tube (in its first stage) to be made. This cylindrical mould stands vertically, it is
open at the top and closed at the bottom, the bottom is usually hemispherical.
We partly fill this mould with metal in a fluid, semi-fluid or plastic state; the metal
being either at a high temperature or at a moderate one according to its nature.
We then bring the open topped mould containing the metal under a cylindrical
ram or core whose diameter is the same as the internal diameter of the tube (in
its first stage) to be made.. The lower end of the ram is usually hemispherical but
may be of any other shape. The ram is concentric with the mould. By means of
hydraulic or other pressure we then force down the ram into the fluid or plastic metal,
or may place the mould on the rising table of a press and force it up against a
fixed ram, the effect being the same. The ram enters the metal and displaces it,
causing it to rise all around it. The action is stopped before the end of the ram
reaches the bottom of the mould, the metal then is in the form of a short thick tube-
surrounding the ram and having a closed end or cap covering the end of the ram
somewhat like a thimble, or cartridge case. When the metal is cool enough the ram
with this tube on it is withdrawn from the mould and the tube is then taken off the
ram. The tube, still retaining its closed end, is afterwards drawn through suitable
dies until it attains its proper length and thickness. We may make the mould

page_text: without a bottom to it and form the bottom in the rising table of the press, or in a
separate block of metal, or we may make the mould in halves by division along the
axial line securing the halves together firmly while in use. In this case we should
preferably use a separate bottom piece.
We have described our invention as applied to cylindrical parallel tubes with one
hemispherical end, but we may modify the mould and the rani so as to produce either
parallel or taper tubes and of various cross sections, the closed ends may be of a
variety of shapes as hemispherical, conical, or conoidal.
:
We may employ a modification of the process above described by making the
central opening in the mould of two different diameters, the upper part being large
in diameter and shallow and the lower part smaller in diameter but much deeper.
The metal in a plastic state being then placed in the upper or shallow part and the
plunger pressed down upon it the metal is forced into the lower deep part of the
mould, as well as in to the upper shallow part. The effect of this is that the tube in
its first stage of manufacture is in the shape of a disc with a thickened centre or boss.
In the next stage of manufacture we prefer to use a bottom die or mould of a conoidal
or other suitable shape with a similarly shaped ram. In this as well as in the
subsequent drawing processes we maintain tlie extra thickness which was at the
centre of the disc in the first stage and which becomes the closed end in the finished
cop tube. In this closed end we may for some purposes drill or pierce a small hole
as is done in cop tubes as at present manufactured.
And in order that this our said invention may be more fully understood we shall
now proceed in
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose we shall
refer to the several figures in the sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, the same
latters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the figures.
No. 1 SHEET OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a view in elevation showing a mould in position under a descending
ram or core.
Fig. 2 is a view in section of tube or ingot after first process; that is when removed
from the mould Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a view in elevation showing mould in position on rising table of hydraulic
press, the ram being stationary..
Fig. 4 is a view in elevation of mould constructed in halves shewing the method
of fastening together having a loose bottom piece.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of same.
No. 2 SHEET OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 6 is the first form obtained by stamping or pressing in a die or mould.
Fig. 7 is the said form placed in a mould (with an aperture through diminishing).
Fig. 8 is a view in elevation of conoidal mould or die and ram process.
Fig. 9 is a view in section of tube or ingot that is when removed from mould or
die Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a view of the finished tube having one end closed.
a is the hollow cylindrical mould, is the opening at the top, and c is the
bottom of same, in this said mould we deposit a certain amount of metal in a fluid or
semifluid or plastic state the said metal being either at a high temperature or at a
moderate one according to its nature, we then bring this said mould a with the metal
under the cylindrical ram or core d the diameter of which corresponds to the internal
diameter of the tube (in its first stage) to be made, the end of the ram d is shown
hemispherical but we may use any other shape when required, this ram or core d is
always concentric with the mould a. e is the table and f the frame of a hydraulic
press which carries the said ram or core d, by means of this or other pressure we
force down the said ram into the fluid or plastic metal as g, Fig. 1 (Sheet 1), and
also in Fig. 3 of the same sheet, so that as d descends into g, the metal becomes
Fig. 6 is the first form obtained by stamping or pressing in a die or mould.
Fig. 7 is the said form placed in a mould (with an aperture through diminishing).
Fig. 8 is a view in elevation of conoidal mould or die and ram process.
Fig.
die Fig. 8.
is a view in section of tube or ingot that is when removed from mould or
Fig. 10 is a view of the finished tube having one end closed.
a is the hollow cylindrical mould, is the opening at the top, and c is the
bottom of same, in this said mould we deposit a certain amount of metal in a fluid or
semifluid or plastic state the said metal being either at a high temperature or at a
moderate one according to its nature, we then bring this said mould a with the metal
under the cylindrical ram or core d the diameter of which corresponds to the internal
diameter of the tube (in its first stage) to be made, the end of the ram d is shown
hemispherical but we may use any other shape when required, this ram or core d is
always concentric with the mould a. e is the table and the frame of a hydraulic
press which carries the said ram or core d, by means of this or other pressure we
force down the said ram into the fluid or plastic metal as g, Fig. 1 (Sheet 1), and
also in Fig. 3 of the same sheet, so that as d descends into g, the metal becomes

page_text: displaced and rises and d the ram is surrounded by the fluid or plastic metal g, which
reaches to the top of the mould a, or nearly so.
In Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 we illustrate another mode of carrying out our invention,-
we here make the mould a in two halves or sections, this is known as a piece mould
(and we may construct this mould in more than two sections if required) but having
the projections a¹ inside which engage in the hollow c¹ of the loose bottom c, when
arranged together these three parts are secured by means of the bands and affixed
to the rising table e of the hydraulic press by "checking" into the said table as shown
at Fig. 3 (Sheet 1) or we may construct the hollow-cylindrical mould a without the
use of a bottom by affixing or securing it to the table e by "checking" as above
described, in this case the table e is used as the bottom.
In Figs. 6-7 we show a modification of the process above described by first
producing the form i, Fig. 6, by stamping or pressing in a mould or die, this form i
is known as a boss plate," being thick at the centre and is placed in the mould
or die a, Fig. 7, having the upper or central opening into which fits and open
right through but smaller at the lower part m, the object' is that when pressure is
applied by the means above set forth to the ram or core dit forces i into and through
the lower part m by means of which it is reduced in diameter but somewhat
elongated and partaking of the form shown at Fig. 2. The metal in this case would
be used by preference in a plastic state..
In Fig. 8 we show a bottom die or mould a of a conoidal shape, and the ram or
core d of a similar shape forced into the metal g which is in a fluid semi-fluid or
plastic state. In Fig. 9 we show the same removed. In Figs. 1, 3, 8, the action or
descent of the ram or core d is stopped before it reaches the bottom of the mould a,
so that the bottom of g is thicker than the other part as shown at gl. This is of great
importance, when the metal g is cool enough it is taken from the mould or die a, and
also from the ram or core d as Figs. 2 and 9.
This form or tube as it may now be called with a closed end g' is drawn or
rolled by means of dies and rolls until its proper length and; thickness is attained,
this is illustrated by Fig. 10 which has a small hole g² drilled or pierced in the same,
but for some purposes the end g' will not be pierced.
In the foregoing Specification we have set forth our invention in connection with
the manufacture of "
cop tubes"
or as they are sometimes called "cap tubes" but
our invention is also applicable to all kinds of seamless tubes or other tubes having
one end closed either hemispherical, conical, conoidal or other shape.
The above being our said invention we wish it to be understood in conclusion that
we do not confine ourselves to the precise details or arrangement of parts as shown
on the accompanying sheets of drawings but that we hold ourselves at liberty to alter
or modify the same without departing essentially from the principle of this our said
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :
1st. The construction and application of a mould a, open at the top at b and closed
at the bottom e for receiving metal in a fluid, semifluid, or plastic state in com-
bination with the ram or core d, substantially as and for the purpose herein beforo
set forth and described.
2nd. The construction and application of a mould a, open at the top and having
no bottom, the bottom being formed by the table, e, upon which it bears for receiving
metal in a fluid, semifluid or plastic state in combination with the ram or core d,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth and described.
3rd. The construction and application of a mould a, made in two or more halves or
sections with projections a' for receiving the loose bottom c, and bound together by
the bands, open at the top at 6 for receiving metal in a fluid, semi-fluid, or plastic
state in combination with the ram or core d, substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore set forth and described.

page_text: 4th. The construction and application of a mould a, having an opening at the top b
and closed at the bottom at e, or the said bottom formed and fitted to the mould a
as c', or the said bottom formed by checking to the table e, for. receiving metal in a
fluid, semi-fluid or plastic state in combination with the ram or core d, substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and set. forth.
5th. The construction and application of a mould a, having a diminishing aperture or
opening m through the same and fitted at the top to receive the form which has
previously been formed in combination with the ram or core d, substantially as and
for the purpose herein before set forth and described.
6th. The general construction of the said mould a, either hemispherical, conical,
conoidal, tapered or other shape in combination and arrangement of other parts as
herein before described and illustrated on the accompanying sheets of drawings, the
whole forming improvements in cylindrical, tapered or other tubes chiefly applicable
to "cop tubes" such as are used for spinning, weaving and other purposes.
THOS. KENDRICK,
Agent for Applicant.