IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO FORM, RAISE, TOP, ORNAMENT AND TRIM, MEAT, FRUIT AND OTHER PIES
Year: 1884

page_text: We, JOHN HENRY MARSTON, Pattern Maker, and WILLIAM DUNMORE,
Confectioner, both of Leicester in the County of Leicester, do hereby declare the
nature of said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO
FORM, RAISE, TOP, ORNAMENT AND TRIM, MEAT, FRUIT AND OTHER PIES, to be
as follows:-
Our improved machinery and apparatus consists of the following parts, namely,
a circular bed plate, supported the requisite height by a suitable framing, or by
standards secured to the floor, the bed plate is provided with bearings in which the
axles of conical bearing rollers revolve, the number of these rollers vary according
to the diameter of the machine, there are projecting brackets on the inner circum-
ference of the bed plate, each of which carries an axle pin for a friction roller,
outside these rollers, and on the bearing rollers a circular plate revolves, provided
on its top surface with a number of peculiar recessed and slotted bearing bosses,
arranged in sets of two or more according to the size of the pies to be made, each
slot receives an inverted T shaped lug on the lower side of two half cups, each
pair on the inside being of the shape required to form the outside of the pie, to each
side of the circular bed plate a pair of bracketed bearing frames are secured, these
frames either form bearings for or bearings are secured to them in which a cam
shaft revolves, provided at one end with a toothed wheel, in which a toothed spur
wheel projecting from the boss of a fly wheel gears, this wheel is caused to revolve
by a handle operated by the attendant, the fly wheel being carried by an axle pin
secured in the outer bracket of one of the bearing frames, instead of the handle to
the fly wheel, fast and loose pulleys may be provided to enable the 'machine to be
driven by steam or other power, each bearing frame has a plate secured to it
inside, on the lower side of which two or more bosses project, each bored out to
receive a plunger stem, the upper end of which is secured to and slides vertically
with a double bracketed bearing plate, which clips the cam shaft before named,
and carries friction rollers, one above, and another below a cam secured on the
shaft.
The lower end of each two or more plungers in one frame, is provided with a
contracting segmental pressing plug, covered with india-rubber, gutta-percha, or
other suitable elastic material, each plunger is surrounded by a bell shaped clip
.'
2

page_text: with perforated sides, as this clip is brought down by the action of the cam, it
ensures the sides of the half cups being at an equal distance from the plunger,
which in its descent presses the dough into the interior of the cup, and as the
plunger rises its circumference contracts and readily separates from the dough,
which retains the shape of the interior of the cup, the contraction of the plunger is
effected by the following means, within the segments of the plunger there is a cone
shaped spindle, with radiating studs, the spindle is bored out and screw threaded
to receive the screwed lower end of the plunger stem before referred to, on which
it is adjusted and secured by a lock nut, as the cam raises the plunger, its cone
shaped end being slightly withdrawn from the segments, they are free to contract
by the action of the elastic cover.
The lower end of each two or more plunger stems in the opposite frame carries
a bell shaped clip as before described, but instead of a contracting pressing plug,
the stem has a spring helically coiled round it, the upper end of which presses on
the interior of the cup top, and the lower end on the top of a screw threaded boss,
the lower end of which carries an ornamental disk above which is a bevelled lead,
or leather washer, which cuts off the superfluous dough at the top of the pie. The
operation of the machine is as follows. One attendant places in each cup sufficient
dough to form the bottom and sides of the pie, the same or another attendant then
raises a catch pawl clear of one divisional clip and partially revolves the circular
plate until the two or more cups, lie exactly under the plunger before named, being
retained in that position by the catch pawl falling into the next divisional clip, the
cam shaft is then revolved once, the catch pawl is again raised and the movements
repeated, and before the first set of cups, arrive under the opposite set of bell
shaped clips, another attendant places the requisite quantity of meat, fruit, or other
material or materials within the dough in the cups, the next adjacent attendant
places the dough to form the tops on the cup rims, they are then passed under the
clips, and one revolution of the cam shaft presses the top into position, forms the
ornament thereon, and cuts off the superfluous dough, and after passing clear of
the topping and trimming frame an attendant removes them ready for the oven,
the circular plate is provided with three or more scraper blades, which as the plate
is revolved scrapes any dough off which may cling to the bottom edge of the clips,
and the movements are repeated.
Dated this Eighth day of January 1884.

page_text: Figure 3, a vertical sectional view through one pair of bracketed bearing
frames and
Figures 4 to 14 inclusive are enlarged views of portions of the machine severally
referred to hereafter.
The corresponding parts in each Figure are indicated by the same letters where
necessary.
Our improved machinery and apparatus consists of the following parts, namely,
a circular bed plate A, supported the requisite height by standards B secured to
the floor, the bed plate is provided with bearings in which the axles of conical
bearing rollers C revolve, the number of these rollers vary according to the
diameter of the machine, on the inner circumference of the bed plate, brackets
project in each of which is an axle pin for a friction roller C' outside these rollers,
and on the bearing rollers a circular plate D revolves, provided on its top surface
with a number of recessed and slotted bearing bosses D₁ arranged in sets of two or
more, according to the size of the pies to be made, in the Drawings, two, comprise
One such bearing boss is shown in plan at Figure 12, and in vertical section
on a line radiating towards the centre of the machine at Figure 13, and in vertical
section at a right angle thereto at Figure 14.
a set.
The slot in each bearing receives an inverted T shaped lug on the lower side of
two half cups E shown in plan at Figure 8. The inside of one half cup is shown
in side view at Figure 9, each pair of half cups on the inside being of the shape
required to form the outside of the pie, to each side of the bed plate, a pair of
bearing frames F are secured in which a cam shaft revolves, which is provided at
one end with a toothed wheel G in which a toothed spur wheel G¹ gears, which is
secured to and is carried by a fly wheel G³ caused to revolve by a handle operated
by the attendant, the fly wheel and spur wheel revolve on an axle pin secured in
one of the outermost bearing frames, instead of the handle to the fly wheel, fast
and loose pulleys may be provided to enable the machine to be driven by steam, or
other power. Each bearing frame has a plate F' secured to it inside, on the lower
side of which two or more bosses project, each bored out to receive a plunger
stem H the upper end of which is secured to and slides vertically with a double
bracketed bearing plate, which clips the cam shaft before named, and carries
friction rollers H one above and another below a cam H secured on the shaft.
The lower end of each plunger stem is screw threaded and carries a pressing
plug H³ surrounded by a bell shaped clip H which when adjusted is secured by a
lock nut, as the plug and clip are brought down into their lowest position, by the
action of the cam, the plug in its descent presses the dough into the interior of the
two half cups E, which are prevented from springing apart by the bell shaped
clip H around them, a vertical sectional view of the plug, cup, and clip is shown at
Figure 4, and a horizontal section of the same on the line C, D, is shown at
Figure 5. The plug H³ is in two parts, its vertical ring has a cross forming a boss
at the centre which is drilled out to receive the vertical stem of the loose bottom

page_text: of the plug, which is free to rise and fall in the boss, but is prevented from leaving
it by a pin in the upper part of the stem, resting on the top of the cross bar as the
clip H is raised by the action of the cam, thus after the plug has pressed the
dough into the interior of the cop, the ring of the plug is raised slightly to relieve
it from the dough before the bottom of the plug is lifted.
The lower end of each plunger stem H in the opposite frame at the left of
Figure 2 is also screw threaded, and on it a screw threaded boss I is adjusted, and
secured by a lock nut, on this boss a bell shaped clip J slides vertically, the sides
of the upper part of the clip is slotted, through these slots two studs are passed and
screwed into the boss I, the lower end of the plunger stem, has a spring J' helically
coiled round it, the upper end of which presses on the interior of the screw
threaded boss and the lower end on the upper side of the clip J, to the underside
of which an ornamental disk J2 is secured; above the disk, the circular cavity in
the clip is filled with either a lead, leather, or iron washer Js, which is renewed
when partly worn away by repeated pressure on the top of the cups E, the
washer Js cuts off the superfluous dough at the top of the pie. A vertical section
of the boss, clip, spring and ornamental disk is shown at Figure 6, and a horizontal
section on the line A, B, is shown at Figure 7. An edge view of the ornamenting
disk J is shown at Figure 10, and an underside view at Figure 11, the centre of
this disk is provided with a spike which forms a hole in the centre of the top of
the pie, at the same time as it is ornamented.
On the underside of the plate D there are clips (between each pair of bearing
bosses D¹) between which a catch pawl or bolt passes to retain each pair of cups
under the plungers, while they descend, this catch bolt is withdrawn from between
the clips (while the circular plate is partly revolved) by means of a hand lever D'
rocking on an axle in the catch bolt bearing, which is secured to the bed plate A,
and is shown only by dotted lines at Figure 1.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-An attendant places in each cup
Eufficient dough to form the bottom and sides of the pie, and the circular plate is
partly revolved until the two cups lie exactly under the plungers being retained
by the catch bolt before named, the cam shaft is then revolved once, which lowers
the pressing plugs into the cups, and forms the bottom and sides of the pies, the
completion of the revolution raising the plugs clear of the cups for a further partial
revolution of the circular plate, after leaving the pressing plugs, an attendant
places the requisite quantity of meat, fruit, or other materials within the dough in
the cups, and a thin piece of dough to form the top of the pie is placed on each cup
rim, and the revolutions of the cam shaft are repeated until the cups first filled lie
exactly under the ornamenting disks carried by the plungers in the frame shown
at the left of Figure 2, then one revolution of the cam shaft presses the top into
position, forms the ornament thereon, makes a small hole in the centre of the lid,
and cuts off the superfluous dough, and after passing clear of the topping frame
an attendant removes the pies ready for the oven.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
For the construction and employment of machinery and apparatus to form, raise,
top, ornament and trim, meat, fruit, and other pies, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the Drawings annexed.