Improvements in and connected with Oil and other like Presses.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 15th June, 1894-Accepted, 21st July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Oil and other like Presses.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me from abroad by Charles Gounelle of Marseilles
in the Republic of France, Oil Manufacturer) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a novel construction of press for pressing oleagenous
and other materials in a foraminous case or cage and it has for its object
rendering the apparatus highly efficient in its general action and facilitating the
operation of clearing out the openings between the bars forming the sides of
the case or cage and enabling this operation to be performed without taking the
bars apart.
With this object, the case or cage is made open or unenclosed so as
to render the bars visible and accessible from without as hereinafter described.
A press constructed according to this invention is composed of two heads or
end plates connected together by four vertical pillars or columns the head being
made of sufficient thickness to provide a sufficiently long bearing for the ends
of the columns in order to give the structure the necessary rigidity and maintain
the centre or axial line always in a truly vertical position when the press is
placed in position for working. The lower head may be made in one casting
with the hydraulic cylinder.but it is preferably made separate being recessed for
the reception of the end of the said cylinder, the axis of which corresponds with
the centre line of the structure formed by the two heads and the columns.
The lengths of the press cylinder or cage and of the compressing piston which
it contains are so regulated that when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke
the press plate which it carries projects a few centimetres into the cage (the
said cage being then in its lowest position and resting with its two legs upon
the lower press head) and that when the piston is at the top of its stroke the
pressing plate has ascended to the top of the cage, the said cage being then in
its highest position as hereinafter explained.
The upper head may be solid but it is preferable to provide it with a central
opening through which the materials can be introduced into the cage.
The internal form of the cage may be of any suitable shape being preferably
in the form of a regular octagon. The cage is constructed with a number of
metal rings or hoops provided internally and externally with projections and
recesses. The number of these rings and the distance between them are regulated
according to the nature of the materials to be pressed and the degree of pressure
to be obtained. It is evident that by suitably regulating the dimensions and
number of the rings the cage may be enabled to resist any required pressure.
The rings are connected together at the required distance apart by means of
vertical bars engaging with the recesses on the exterior of the rings this com-
bination of rings and bars forming the skeleton of the cage.
The interior of the said cage constituting the filtering surface is formed by a
series of vertical bars of peculiar form in transverse section the sides being parallel
for say about two thirds of the width from the outer edges after which they
gradually increase in thickness towards the inner edges so that when placed
together side by side they form a species of grating the spaces between the bars
being wider at the outer side than at the inner side.
The outer or parallel parts of the bars are maintained at the required distance
apart by suitable studs blocks or filling pieces preferably in the form of pins
rivetted in the bars arranged in pairs in a vertical direction, the pin nearest to the

page_text: ring or hoop being placed higher than the pin nearest to the interior of the cage.
These distance pieces are placed on a level with the hoops or rings and this
airangement renders it possible to ascertain whether the interstices between the
bars are clear even when the press is at work and enabling the said interstices to
be cleared out if required without stopping the working of the press.
The bars being arranged vertically in the cage are retained in position by the
projections on the interior of the rings and are supported at their lower ends upon
a metal plate attached to the bottom ring being supported at their upper extremity
by another plate attached to the upper ring.
The cage is supported upon legs resting upon hydraulic pistons in the lower head
of the press and is guided in such a manner that its vertical axis coincides with the
main axis or centre line of the apparatus by suitable guides attached to the rings
of the cage and bearing against the vertical columns on which they slide.
Below the cage there is provided a receptacle or annular trough for the
reception of the liquid exuding between the bars and the upper head of the press is
provided with rails on which the blocks for closing the upper end of the press
travels in a horizontal direction the said rails also acting as stops for limiting the
ascent of the cage as hereinafter explained.
Each leg supporting the cage rests upon two. small hydraulic pistons or plungers
and the pipes through which water is supplied to the space below these pistons are
connected together in such a manner that one valve controls the supply to all four
pistons. In place of two small pistons under cach leg one large piston may be
employed but it is preferable to employ two pistons of equal size under cach leg.
The cage being in its lowest position and the closing block drawn to one side so
as to clear the charging opening water under pressure is introduced under the
piston of the press and the pressing plate is forced up to a short distance below the
upper opening of the cage. The supply of water under pressure to the cylinder of
the press is then cut off and the discharge opened so that the piston and the press
plate commence a descending movement.
The materials to be pressed are now introduced into the cage either in a
continuous manner or in successive charges separated by metallic plates or filtering
cloths or both (or preferably by the woven wire cloths hereinafter described.)
according to the nature of the materials to be pressed, this operation being con-
tinued until the pressing piston being at the lower extremity of its stroke the cage
is completely filled at the same time leaving sufficient room for the introduction of
a plate fitting into the upper end of the cage. The closing block is then placed
over the cage and water under pressure is admitted to the pistons under the legs so
as to raise the case and close the intervals above and below the closing block after
which pressure is applied to the press piston which ascends and compresses the
contents of the cage to the required extent. When the pressing operation is
completed the valve is opened so as to allow the piston to descend for a certain
distance after which the valve is closed in order to retain the piston in this position.
The discharge valve of the four small pistons supporting the cage is then opened
aud the cage is lowered so as to enable the closing block to be drawn away and
uncover the opening of the cage. Water under pressure is then again introduced
under the pistons supporting the cage which is thereby forced up and bears against
the stops herein before described. Water under pressure is then again admitted to
the main cylinder of the press and a cage being now open at the top the pressed
materials are forced out and can be removed. When the pressing piston has
reached the upper end of the cage the latter is completely empty and the discharge
valve is then opened in order to allow the piston to descend.
The four pistons supporting the cage are then allowed to descend and the cage
resting upon the lower head of the press the charging operation may be proceeded
with as hereinafter described.
In place of the filtering cloths or plates hereinbefore described as being inserted
between the successive charges in the press, it is preferable to employ partitions
constructed according to this invention and which provide a free passage for the

page_text: With
liquid exuding from the materials and enable the said liquid to flow readily to the
discharge openings or interstices provided between the bars of the cage.
this object these plates or partitions are composed of two or more thicknesses of
woven wire cut to correspond with the internal form of the cage and arranged with
the wires crossing one another. These woven wire fabrics or cloths are connected
together by rivets or otherwise and form a metallic plate or partition presenting
numerous hollow spaces or interstices which are not closed by the action of the
pressure in the press and through which the liquid is enabled to flow towards the
bars at the circumference of the cage thus greatly facilitating the pressing
operation and enabling the liquid to be more completely extracted than is possible
with the hair or woollen cloths heretofore employed. A single thickness of
metallic cloth may be employed by employing wires of sufficient thickness and
sufficiently closely woven but it is preferable to employ a number of cloths with
finer and more loosely woven wire connected together as herein before described.
Dated the 7th day of December 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Ten Fields, London, Agents.
Improvements in and connected with Oil and other like Presses.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of London
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Charles Gounelle of Marseilles in the
Republic of France, Oil Manufacturer and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to a novel construction of press for pressing oleageneous
and other materials in a foraminous case or cage and it has for its object rendering
the apparatus highly efficient in its general action and facilitating the operation of
clearing out the openings between the bars forming the sides of the case or cage
and enabling this operation to be performed without taking the bars apart. With
this object the case or cage is inade open or unenclosed so as to render the bars
visible and accessible from without as hereinafter described.
And in order that this invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the drawings represents a horizontal section of the press taken along
the line A. B of Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 2 is a half vertical section of the same taken along the line C. D. of
Figure 1 and
Figure 3 is a half side elevation of the apparatus.
Figure 4 is a plan of one of the metal rings or hoops of which the cage is
composed and
Figure 5 is a part transverse section of the filtering surface drawn to a larger
scale.
Figure 6 is a diagram showing one of the forms in which the filtering plates may
be arranged.
A press constructed according to this invention is composed of two heads or end
plates TT2 connected together by vertical pillars or colunins (Figures 1, 2 and 3)
the heads being made of such a thickness as to provide a sufficiently long bearing
for the ends of the columns in order to give the structure the necessary rigidity and
maintain the centre or axial line always in a truly vertical position when the press

page_text: is placed in position for working. The lower head T1 may be cast in one with
the hydraulic cylinder but it is preferably made separate and recessed for the
reception of the end of the said cylinder the axis of which corresponds with the
centre line of the structure formed by the two heads and the columns.
The lengths of the press cylinder or cage and of the compressing piston which it
contains are so regulated that when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke the
press plate which it carries projects a few centimetres into the cage (the said cage
being then in its lowest position and resting with its two legs upon the lower press
head T 1) and that when the piston is at the top of its stroke the pressing plate bas
ascended to the top of the cage, the said cage being then in its highest position as
hereinafter explained.
The upper head T2 may be solid but it is preferable to provide it with a
central opening O through which the materials can be introduced into the eage.
The internal form of the cage may be of any suitable shape being preferably in
the form of a regular octagon (Figure 1)..
The cage is constructed with a number of metal rings or hoops a provided
internally and externally with projections and recesses (Figure 4). The number of
these rings and the distance between them are regulated according to the nature of
the materials to be pressed and the degree of pressure to be obtained. It is evident
that by suitably regulating the dimensions and number of the rings the cage may
be enabled to resist any required pressure. These rings a are connected together
at the required distance apart, by means of vertical bars engaging with the
recesses on the exterior of the rings, this combination of rings a and bars & forming
the skeleton of the cage.
The interior of the said cage constituting the filtering surface is formed by a
series of vertical bars of peculiar form in transverse section (Figures 1 and 5) the
sides being parallel for say about two thirds of the width from the outer edges,
after which they gradually increase in thickness towards the inner edges so that
when placed together side by side they form a species of grating the spaces between
the bars being wider at the outer side than at the inner side.
The outer or parallel parts of the bars are maintained at the required distance
apart by suitable studs, blocks or filling pieces e (Figures 2 and 5) preferably in
the form of pins rivetted in the bars arranged in pairs in a vertical direction, the
pin nearest to the ring or hook being placed higher than the pin nearest to the
interior of the cage (Figure 2). These distance pieces are placed on a level with
the hoops or rings and this arrangement renders it possible to ascertain whether
the interstices between the bars are clear even when the press is at work and
enabling the said interstices to be cleared out if required without stopping the
working of the press.
+
The bars being arranged vertically in the cage are retained in position by the
projections on the interior of the rings and are supported at their lower ends upon
a metal plate d attached to the bottom ring and at their upper extremities by
another plate attached to the upper ring.
The cage is supported upon legs pl p2 resting upon hydraulic pistons in the lower.
head of the press T 1 and is guided in such a manner that its vertical axis coincides
with the main axis or centre line of the apparatus by suitable guides attached to
the rings of the cage and bearing against the vertical columns on which they slide.
These guides are not shewn in the drawings. o
Below the cage there is provided a receptacle or annular trough R for the
reception of the liquid exuding at h between the bars, and the upper head T2 of
the press is provided with rails K1 K2 on which the blocks M for closing the
upper end of the press travels in a horizontal direction the said rails also acting as
stops for limiting the ascent of the cage as will be hereinafter explained.
Between the upper head T2 and the block M which is supported on four wheels
a space of a few millimetres is allowed and between the underside of the block M
and the cage is a clear space of one to two centimetres, so that when the cage is at

page_text: the lowest point of its stroke and resting upon the legs on the head T1 the said.
block M can be easily moved along its rails K1 K2 to allow the cage to be.
completely uncovered.
Each leg supporting the cage rests upon two small hydraulic pistons or
plungers P1 P2 under the leg pl and P3 P4 under the leg p 2 and the pipes.
through which water is supplied to the spaces below these pistons are connecte
together in such a manner that oue valve controls the supply to all four pistons..
These four pistons or plungers being of exactly similar diameters will give an even
thrust parallel to the axis of the cage and will ensure a vertical lift if the pressure
of the water in each is alike. In place of two small pistons under each leg one
large piston may be employed but it is preferable to employ two pistons of equal
size under each leg. The cage being in its lowest position and the closing block M
drawn to one side so as to clear the charging opening, water under pressure is.
introduced under the piston of the press and the pressing plate is forced up to a
short distance below the upper opening of the cage. The supply of water unler
pressure to the cylinder of the press is then cut off and the discharge opened so that
the piston and the press plate commence a descending movement.
The materials to be pressed are now introduced into the cage either in a
continuous manner or in successive charges separated by metallic plates or filtering
cloths or both (or preferably by the woven wire cloths hereinafter described)
according to the nature of the materials to be pressed, this operation being con-
tinued until the pressing piston being at the lower extremity of its stroke the cage
is completely filled at the same time leaving sufficient room for the introduction of
a plate fitting into the upper end of the cage. The closing block M is then placed
over the cage and water under pressure is admitted to the pistons P1 P2 P3 P4
under the legs so as to raise the cage and close the intervals above and below the
closing block, after which pressure is applied to the press piston which ascends and
compresses the contents of the cage to the required extent. When the pressing
operation is completed the valve is opened so as to allow the main piston to
descend for a certain distance after which the valve is closed in order to retain the
piston in this position. The discharge valve of the four small pistons P1 P2
P3 P4 supporting the cage is then opened and the cage is lowered so as to enable
the closing block to be drawn away and uncover the opening of the cage.
Water
under pressure is then again introduced under the pistons PI to P 4 supporting
the cage which is thereby forced up and bears against the stops K 1 K 2 herein before
described. Water under pressure is then again admitted to the main cylinder of
the press and the cage being now open at the top the pressed materials are forced
out and can be removed. When the pressing piston has reached the upper end of
the cage the latter is completely empty and the discharge valve is then opened in
order to allow the piston to descend.
The four pistons or plungers supporting the cage are then allowed to descend and
the cage resting upon the lower head T 1 of the press the charging operation may be.
proceeded with as herein before described.
As hereinbefore stated the cage may be charged in successive batches, separated
by metal plates or sheets of filtering fabric, or even by both at the same time
according to the nature of the material to be pressed.
In the particular case of the extraction of oil from oleaginous substances, the-
charging of the cage is effected in such a manner that each successive batch of
material to be pressed is enclosed between two sheets of filtering fabric and two.
solid metal plates, as indicated in Figure 6 wherein.
C, represents the successive batches.
A, the solid metal plates, and
B, the filtering fabric.
The filtering fabric is generally made of horsehair, goats hair or wool, its
thickness being proportioned to suit requirements. Whatever may be the material
emplaved under the considerable pressure which the noturn of the work necessitates

page_text: such material must be very powerfully compressed, with the result that it offers a
considerable resistance to the flow of the liquid.
The filtering cloths or plates inserted between the successive charges in the press
preferably consist of partitions which provide a free passage for the liquid exuding
from the materials and enable the said liquid to How readily to the discharge
openings or interstices provided between the bars of the cage." With this object.
these plates or partitions are composed of two or more thicknesses of woven wire
cut to correspond with the internal form of the cage and arranged with the wires
crossing one another. These woven wire fabrics or cloths are connected together
by rivets or otherwise and form a metallic plate or partition presenting numerous
hollow spaces or interstices which are not closed by the action of the pressure in
the press and through which the liquid is enabled to flow towards the bars at the
circumference of the cage thus greatly facilitating the pressing operation and
enabling the liquid to be more completely extracted than is possible with the hair
or woollen cloths heretofore employed. A single thickness of metallic cloth may
be employed by employing wires of sufficient thickness and sufficiently closely
woven but it is preferable to employ a number of cloths with finer and more loosely
woven wire connected together as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is
1. Ju oil or other like presses, cages consisting of a number of rings or hoops a
supported at suitable distances apart by vertical rods or bars b, the said rings or
hoops serving to support a number of vertical filter bars secured together and
spaced by means of blocks or studs e substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. In oil or other like presses the combination with a cage consisting of vertical
bars carrying rings or hoops to which filter bars are connected and between which
filter bars the exuding liquid escapes, of a plunger operated by hydraulic or other
power to compress the material placed in the cage against a block M which is
capable of being moved out of position along rails K1 K2 to admit of the material
being introduced and after being pressed, being forced out of the cage substantially
as herein before described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
3. In an oil or other like press the combination with a cage in which the
material is pressed of plungers by which the cage is raised and held in position
against a block M while the material is being pressed and afterwards lowered to
admit of the said block being moved away from the cage to allow of the pressed
material being discharged from the cage substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
4. In an oil or other like press the combination of the heads T1 T2 a cage
consisting of the vertical filter bars supported by rings or hoops a which are in turn
supported by bars filtering partitions consisting of woven wire fabrics rivetted
together and placed in the material to be compressed, a main plunger for pressing
the material, a moveable block M against which the material is pressed and means
for raising and lowering the cage into and out of contact with the block M
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
5. In an oil or other like press the arrangement of compound plates for
facilitating the flow of liquids extracted by pressure substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
3
T
1004
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C., Agents.