IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Chadwick, of the Spring Brook Print Works,
Chadderton, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS." A cominunication from abroad
by James Harley, of Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Sealed the 15th August 1876, and dated the 21st February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Chadwick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1876.
JAMES CHADWICK, of the Spring Brook Print Works, Chadderton, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS."
A communication from abroad by James Harley, of Lowell, Massachusetts, United
States of America.
These improvements consist in simultaneously fixing the greens, violets, and
purples known as iodine or methyl greens or violets together with the mordant or
mordants destined to be dyed up in natural or artificial coloring matters of madder
alone, or in combination with other coloring matters, such as red woods, Quercitron
bark, Persian berries, or sumac, whereby styles can be produced not heretofore
obtainable.
The Invention is carried out as follows:-I take two hundred pounds of sumac,
to which is added one hundred and fifty gallons of water, and boil the mixture an
hour or so, then put upon a filter. After being filtered the sumac liquor is boiled
down to stand 20° Twaddell's hydrometer. For my green color I take at the rate
of ten gallons of sumac liquor standing at 20° Twaddell, two gallons of acetic acid
at 10° Twaddell, twelve pounds of starch. Then the whole is boiled. When it
reaches about 180° Fahrenheit I add at the rate of ten ounces tartaric acid to the
gallon, and when cooled down to about 120° Fahrenheit I add at the rate of two
ounces of oxalic acid to the gallon, and when quite cold I add at the rate of three
ounces of aniline green chemically pure to the gallon.. The color is then ready. for
printing on the cloth.
To make my purple, I take seven gallons sumac liquor standing at 20° Twaddell
and three gallons acetic acid at 10° Twaddell, and 10 pounds of starch; boil the whole,
and when cooled to 140° Fahrenheit I add at the rate of eight ounces tartaric acid

page_text: and four ounces aniline purple to the gallon. This color is now ready for printing
on the cloth..
I take cloth known to printers as cloth that has received a madder bleach, and
pass it through a solution of chlorate of potash standing at 2° Twaddell, dry it, and
it is ready for printing; pass it on to the printing machine, where the mordants
intended for dyeing and the aniline green or the green or the green and purple
are printed at once, that is, at the same time.
"
The cloth is passed through a box known as an ageing box," and can be passed
through silicate, arseniate, or phosphate of soda at 2° Twaddell, and standing at 180°
Fahrenheit or thereabouts. The pieces are then washed and dyed.
I do not limit myself to these proportions, as they will have to be varied to suit
the pattern.
After having been passed through the silicate the green and purple are sufficiently
fixed to pass through the dyeing and soaping operations.
I have named in the above formula what is known as pure aniline purple, but the
same process is applicable to any of the aniline purples and violets taking the cor-
responding strength of each.
Another mode of effecting the same purpose, though not so simple as the one just
described, is as follows:-In the first place I pass my cloth through the following
solution previous to printing:-Gelatine standing at 2° Twaddell's hydrometer,
silicate, arseniate, or phosphate of soda at 1/2° Twaddell, chlorate of potash standing
at 2° Twaddell. The cloth is then dried, and is ready for the printing machine. I
may here state that the three solutions above are mixed together, and the cloth
passed through them at once.
To make my green color I take four and a half (4) gallons extract of sumac
standing 26° Twaddell, six pounds of starch; boil ten minutes, and when half cold I
add two and a half pounds tartaric acid, one pound oxalic acid, and one and a half
pound methyl or iodine green. This is printed on the cloth already passed through
the above solution in combination with regular mordants. By this means I get an
insoluble tannate of gelatine purple.
After the goods are dried and aged one night I pass them through a solution of
silicate of soda at 2° Twaddell, and heated to 180° Fahrenheit or thereabouts. The
goods are then well washed and dyed to suit the pattern with different proportions
of alizarine, garancine, sumac bark, berries, and such other materials as ordinarily
employed in this style of work, as well understood by competent dyers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Chadwick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th August
1876.
JAMES CHADWICK, of the Spring Brook Print Works, Chadderton, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS." A
communication from abroad by James Hartley, of Lowell, Massachusetts, United
States of America.
These improvements consist in simultaneously fixing or applying to textile
fabrics, especially those made of cotton, the greens, violets, and purples known as
iodine or methyl greens and aniline violets, together with the mordant or mordants
destined to be dyed up in natural or artificial coloring matters of madder, garancine,
or alizarine, alone or in combination with other coloring matters, such as red woods,
Quercitron bark, Persian berries, or sunac, whereby styles can be produced not
heretofore obtainable.
The Invention is carried out as follows:-I take two hundred pounds of sumac,
to which is added one hundred and fifty gallons of water, and boil the mixture an
hour or so, and then put upon a filter. After being filtered the sumac liquor is
boiled down to stand at 26° Twaddell's hydrometer. For my green color I take at

page_text: the rate of ten gallons of sumac liquor standing at 26° Twaddell, two gallons acetic
acid at 10° Twaddell, and twelve pounds of starch. Then the whole is boiled, and
when it is cooled to about 180° Fahrenheit I add at the rate of ten ounces tartaric
acid to the gallon, and when cooled down to about 120° Fahrenheit I add at the
rate of two ounces of oxalic acid to the gallon, and when quite cold I add at the
rate of three ounces of aniline green chemically pure to the gallon. The color is
then ready for printing on the cloth.
To make my purple I take seven gallons sumac liquor standing at 20° Twaddell,
and three gallons acetic acid at 10° Twaddell, and ten pounds of starch. Boil the whole,
and when cooled to 140° Fahrenheit I add at the rate of eight ounces of tartaric
acid and four ounces aniline purple to the gallon. This color is now ready for
printing on the cloth.
I take cloth known to printers as cloth that has received a madder bleach, and
pass it through a solution of chlorate of potash standing at 2° Twaddell, dry it, and
then it is ready for printing. Pass it on to the printing machine, where the mordants.
intended for dyeing, and the aniline green or the green and purple are printed at
once, that is, at the same time.
"
The cloth is passed through a box known as an ageing box," and afterwards
passed through silicate, arseniate, or- phosphate of soda at 2° Twaddell, and standing
at 180° Fahrenheit or thereabouts. The pieces are then washed and dyed.
I do not limit myself to these proportions, as they will have to be varied to suit
the pattern.
After having been passed through the silicate the green and purple are sufficiently
fixed to pass through the dyeing and soaping operations.
I have named in the above formula what is known as pure aniline purple, but the
same process is applicable to any of the aniline purples and violets, taking the cor-
responding strength of each.
Another mode of effecting the same purpose, though not so simple as the one just
described, is as follows:-In the first place I pass my cloth through the following
solution previous to printing-Gelatine standing at 2° Twaddell's hydrometer,
silicate of soda at 14° Twaddell, chlorate of potash standing at 2° Twaddell. The
cloth is then dried, and is ready for the printing machine. I may here state that
the three solutions above are mixed together, and the cloth passed through them at
once.
To make my green color I take four and a half (4) gallons extract of sumac
standing at 26° Twaddell, six pounds of starch; boil ten minutes, and when half cold
I add two and a half pounds tartaric acid, one pound oxalic acid, and one and a
half pounds methyl or iodine green. This is printed on the cloth already passed
through the above solution in combination with regular mordants. By this means
I get an insoluble tannate of gelatine.
I have named in describing my Invention methyl and iodine greens, as these are
the most common used of the aniline greens, but any other of the varieties of tho
aniline greens may be substituted, reference being had to the strength of the com-
mercial articles substituted.
After the goods are dried and aged one night I pass them through a solution of
silicate of soda at 2° Twaddell, and heated to 180° Fahrenheit or thereabout, and
afterwards through arseniate of soda. The goods are then well washed and dyed to
suit the pattern with different proportions of alizarine, garancine, artificial alizarine,
madder, sumac, bark, berries, and such other inaterials as are ordinarily employed in
this style of work, as is well understood by competent dyers.
I am aware that indigo blues and indigo greens have been fixed in juxtaposition
with ordinary madder mordants, and I do not claim this.
The greens produced by my process pass through the bath just as the whites do
ordinarily, and the dyeing and finishing take place just as if the portions containing
the green had been white.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention as com-
1

page_text: municated to me from abroad, I desire it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact proportions or materials herein-before described, as an expert
dyer and chemist may readily substitute equivalent materials for many of them, but
what I claim is,-
First. The improved process herein-before described for dyeing in madder and
garancine styles in combination with aniline greens, violets, and purples, consisting
in first fixing the latter upon the cloth with the mordants, and then passing the
cloth through the dye bath, whereby it is then dyed up in madder and indigo styles,
substantially as specified.
Secondly. The combination of aniline greens, violets, and purples upon cloth
with mordants suitable for dyeing with madders, garancine, alizarine, artificial
alizarine, and similar dye stuffs, substantially as set forth.
Thirdly. The new style of print herein described having an aniline green, violet,
or purple, substantially such as described in combination with one or more madder
or alizarine colors.
And, fourthly. The combination of aniline purple upon fabrics with mordants
suitable for dyeing with garancine, alizarine, artificial alizarine, madder and similar
dye stuffs, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Chadwick, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Chadwick, in
the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES CHADWICK. (L.S.)