matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1863. A communication from abroad by George Henry Fourdrinier, of
the Village of Lyn, in the Province of Canada, Gentleman.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT," a communication from by George Henry
Fourdrinier, of the Village of Lyn, in the Province of Canada, Gentleman,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and com-
bination of machinery or apparatus for drying and improving grain, and wbich
is also applicable to the manufacture of malt.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a revolving screen of
fine wirework, perforated metal plates, or other suitable material, and of any
length and section, but strengthened, and by means of longitudinal external rods
and transverse rings or annular frames at the ends and middle of the screen..
This screen is provided with internal spiral blades and with a hollow trunnion,
through which latter the grain to be dried or desiccated is allowed to enter the
revolving screen from a stationary hopper provided with a regulating slide.
Beneath this screen, which is enclosed on all sides by a metal casing, there is
a small stove, from which pipes or flues conduct the heat to a chimney after
first traversing to and fro beneath the screen, so as to disperse the heat
uniformly under the grain. This stove and pipes are protected by a shield or

page_text: covering, which prevents any particles of dust or refuse grain from depositing
upon the stove and pipes. The refuse grain and dust is caught by an endless
travelling band beneath the screen and carried away to a spout, a revolving
brush being employed for removing thoroughly the dust from the band or belt.
Metal conductors are placed above the band to conduct the dust and refuse on
to it as they fall from the screen.
the heated air
The grain is agitated by the revolution of the screen, and
passing through it carries off the moisture, and escapes with it by a hood or
cowl at the top of the outer casing. The dried grain escapes from one end
of the screen, which may be provided with regulating doors for that purpose or
left quite open, and falls into a lateral conducting spout. In some cases, in lieu
of having a special stove under the revolving screen, the heat may be obtained
from any other sourco and conducted by flues or passages to the desiccated.
An inlet aperture for fresh air being always left open at the bottom of the
stove or of the desiccator, so that the uprising current of air will be heated
before reaching the grain.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH BOXES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dowler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May 1863.
I, GEORGE DOWLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCH BOXES," to be as follows, that is to say :—
My Invention consists in forming a spring striker upon the top or bottom.
or on the end or side of a match box, which striker 1 form in the following
manner: The surface of the box upon which the striker is placed is formed
with a groove round three of its edges; I then form a striking plate of thin
metal, with a wire soldered at its back to act as a fulcrum, the glass paper or
striker is secured to the striking plate by a band, cord, or loop of india-
rubber passing under the striker, each end of the loop being fastened over a
small knib or projection raised from the striking plate, or passing entirely
over both the striker and the plate. These two parts, the striker and the
plate, being thus bound together (except where the wire before-named. keeps
them apart), are slipped into the groove in the box, and are ready for use.
Pressure applied to that side of the striking plate which is tilted by the wire
fulcrum will raise the opposite side sufficiently to allow of the introduction of
a match, upon which the spring striking plate is then allowed to bear; pressing
the match between the striker and the striking plate, the match is lighted by
drawing it sharply from between these two parts. In place of the india-rubber
band or loop, herein described as acting in the manner of a spring, I can use

page_text: a steel or other clastic spring attached to the top of the striking plate, and
operating as a compressing instead of as a pulling spring, and the fulcrum
beforo named instead of being formed of wire soldered to the under side of the
striking plate may be stamped or pressed out of the striking plate itself.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell and John Speight at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
20th January 1863.
We, JOHN BELL, Foreman, and JOHN SPEIGHT, Fitter, both in the employ
of Messieurs John Elce and Company, of the Phoenix Iron Works, Jersey
Street, in the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARDING
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improved mode of constructing the adjustable
bearings in which the working and stripping rollers revolve. To the bend or
other part of the framing of the carding engine are cast cylindrical studs in
the usual manner. On these studs are fixed the adjustable bearings, the plates
are provided with toothed racks, and the bearings are furnished with short
worms gearing into the racks on the plates; the axle of the worm projects
beyond the end of the bearing, and is made square or of other suitable shape
to receive a screw key. By turning the worm round the distance between the
surfaces of the main cylinder, and the working and stripping roller can be
adjusted accurately and expeditiously. The worms are made, by preference, of
malleable cast iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PURIFYING OILS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Augustin Godefroy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1868.
I, PETER AUGUSTIN GODEFROY, of Number 7, Shepherds Lane, Homerton, in
the County of Middlesex, Operative Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF PURIFYING OILS," to be
as follows:-
A tank to contain the oil in its unpurified condition is to be provided
capable of bearing high-pressure steam power. Connected with the tank at one
end and at the other with a still there should be a strong iron spiral tube or
worm passing through a furnace, with a tap at each connection with tank and
still; and by means of high-pressure steam entering the tank, the unpurified
oil by the pressure is forced out of the tank through the heated spiral tubing,
the taps being opened to allow it to pass into the still. In passing through
the tube at the high temperature to which the furnace brings it, the dense
thickening impurities usually found in mineral and other oils are separated from
the oil, and partially deposited upon or amalgamated with the metal of the
worm, and the residue coming with the oil, but not mixed as before in it, easily
goes into the still with the oil, and there, by its own specific gravity falls to the
bottom, and the pure oil goes into the cooler, and is perfectly pure and fit
for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stewart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 14th December,
1863.
I, CHARLES STEWART, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Boot and Shoe Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the making of boots and shoes in a more
economical and durable manner, and so as to be more comfortable to the
wearer.
And in practising the Invention the welt is attached to the uppers by
plain or screwed rivets or pegs, and the sole is then attached to the welt
by sewing or by means of cement or by sewing and cementing combined.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO CORN PLASTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ely at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1863.
I, FREDERICK ELY, of Totton, Southampton, do hereby declare the .nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO CORN
PLASTERS," to be as follows-(that is to say):
My Invention has reference to a composition to be employed upon diachylon
plaster, linen, or other thin adhesive surfaces for the cure of corns, and consists
in employing for the said purpose a mixture of white wax, Venice turpentine,
aromatic vinegar, and verdigris, in the proportion of one ounce of white wax
to three-quarters of an ounce of Venice turpentine, thirty drops of aromatic
vinegar, and one-quarter of an ounce of verdigris. The said ingredients
being boiled together for about two or three minutes, and subsequently placed
whilst hot upon the diachylon plaster, in the form of a drop, which when
cold and hard is ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING GRAIN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Le-Butt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1863.
I, JOSIAH LE-BUTT, of Bury St. Edmunds, in the County of Suffolk, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR DRESSING GRAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for dressing
grain. Hertofore in machines for dressing grain flat screens have commonly
been employed composed of parallel wires, carried by an inclined frame, which
has had a longitudinal to-and-fro motion imparted to it by a crank; the frame
has usually been supported by rollers mounted at its side running on inclined
rails, there being an inclined rail on each side of the frame; the spaces
between the wires have been kept clear by means of discs projecting up
through the spaces between the wires, the discs being carried by stationary rods
passing transversely across the frame. In place of constructing flat screens
as above described, I construct them in such manner that every alternate wire
of the screen may either be stationary whilst the other wires are moved to and
fro, or may be moved in the opposite direction to them; by constructing
screens in this manner the spaces between the wires will not have to be kept
clear by means of discs or other instruments as before. When the screen is
composed of a set of moveable wires and a set of stationary wires, the frame
which carries the moveable wires may be carried by rollers running on inclined
rails, as above described, and the frame may have the to-and-fro motion

page_text: imparted to it by a crank or otherwise. I, however, prefer to carry the move-
able frame by means of upright springs of wood or other material, there being
by preference two springs on each side of the frame. When both sets of wires
have a to-and-fro motion imparted to them, one set being moved in one
direction whilst the other set moves in a contrary direction, I prefer to carry
the frames of each set of wires by springs, as just described, but they may be
otherwise carried. The wires of one of the sets I prefer to be flattened at the
sides in order that the spaces between the wires may always be of the same
width, although the ends of the sets of wires slightly rise and fall by reason of
the frame, which carries them oscillating to and fro on the springs. In
place of wire flattened at the sides, thin strips of wood or other material
might be employed. In order that the screen may be suitable for sifting
different kinds of grain, I arrange it so that one of the frames may be readily
removed, and another frame carrying wires of a greater or less diameter be
substituted for it; the width of the spaces between the wires of the two sets
can thus be adjusted to suit any kind of grain. Flat sieves composed as here-
tofore of parallel wires, all of which are moved to and fro in the same
direction, may also advantageously be supported on upright springs, as above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gibson, Samuel, Trulock,
Richard Trulock, and William Trulock at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th July 1868.
We, JOHN GIBSON, of 31, Ormond Quay, SAMUEL TRULOCK, of Essex Quay,
RICHARD TRULOCK, of Essex Quay, and WILLIAM TRULOCK, of Essex Quay, all
in the City of Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to the ordinary Lefaucheaux
breech-loading gun" of a simple and secure mode of locking or closing the
breech, which is also so arranged as to be easy of repair. To the under side of
the barrel or barrels (at the breech end) is secured a piece of iron of the
form shewn on the Drawing at C, D," Figures 1 and 2); at 'F' this piece of
iron is notched out to fit the circular bolt, and at 'E' to fit the eccentric which
is attached to the stock; at 'C' it is also notched out to fit a corresponding
projection on the stock, and this latter notch and projection form the lock.
Figure 1 shews the barrel or barrels locked, and in order to unlock them, as
shewn in Figure 2,' the lever Y is moved into the position X (Figure 2);
this movement causes the eccentric to withdraw the barrel or barrels from the
lock, when by their own overbalance they are thrown up at the breech ends
in the position for loading. Figure 3 shews a transverse section through the

page_text: barrels and stock behind the eccentric; this eccentric is to be of hardened
steel. And in the corresponding gap at H (Figures 1 and 2) is shewn a piece
of steel, which is also to be hardened; these two hard surfaces reduce the
tendency to wear, and should any occur, the piece H can be easily removed
and a new one substituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE AND PUMP LAMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward William Binney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1863. A communication from Isace Van Bunchoton, of the City
of New York, in the United States of America.
I, EDWARD WILLIAM BINNEY, of No. 40, Cross Street, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE AND PUMP LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in providing pressure lamps with a
piston or plunger formed in whole or in part of bladder, parchment, raw
hide, or other suitable material more impervious to the action of petroleum,
coal oils, and such like fluids than leather, and also in providing the wick
tube of pump and pressure lamps with a waste pipe connecting with an
aperture through the wick tube a short distance below the top of the wick
tube, so that the oil is forced within a short distance of the flame, and escapes
through the waste pipe without flooding the wick or flowing over the top of
the wick tube.
AN IMPROVED PIPE STICK
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernst Pezold at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1863.
I, ERNST PEZOLD, of 324, Greek St., Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PIPE
STICK," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to produce a pipe stick which can be smoked
from either end. The pipe stick consists of two parts, the actual stick and the
handle, which is the pipe bowl, and which is lined with clay or meerschaum ;
under the centre of the bottom part of the handle between the bowl part and
the mouth piece a piece of the wood is left and turned with a thread to form a
screw, and a corresponding thread is made in the top of the stick for it to
screw into, the inside being turned out sufficiently large to admit of a cylinder
being inserted, round which the smoke circulates, thereby cooling the smoke
previous to its entering the mouth. The bandle is made of wood, ivory, or any
other suitable material, and is nearly the same shape as what is called a crutch
handle, and the stick is made from any ordinary walking stick. The pipe may
be smoked either from the handle or the ferrule end of the stick, a small plug
being made to fill up the orifice in the one mouth piece when the pipe is
being smoked by the other; when the cylinder is made short the handle can
be unscrewed from the stick and used as a pipe by itself by fixing a cover
over the part which is unscrewed from the stick.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES AND HOOPED SKIRTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tertius Rowlett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1863.
I, WILLIAM TERTIUS ROWLETT, of 90, Welford Road, Leicester, in the
County of Leicester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINES AND HOOPED SKIRTS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a cheap, simple, and easy means
whereby a lady's crinoline or hooped skirt may be contracted or distended at the
pleasure of the wearer while worn in the ordinary manner under the dress; and
in carrying this my Invention into practical effect I use a cord or cords passing
through guides or orifices formed in any convenient manner on the upper or
under side of any crinoline or hooped skirt of ordinary construction, when by
pulling such cord or cords the crinoline or hooped skirt will be disposed around
the person of the wearer in a fold or folds, and may be secured in a contracted
form by passing such aforesaid cord or cords over or around a button or other
convenient fastener placed in front of the dress. It will be obvious that the
crinoline or hooped skirt will resume its original form when the cord is
released.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Flude and John Farndon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 4th July 1868.
I, ROBERT FLUDE and JOHN FARNDON, both of Aylestone Street, in the
Town and County of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING NARROW FABRICS," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the method of driving the shuttles of
looms for weaving ribbons, elastic web, and other narrow fabrics consists in
the application of a flexible driver for this purpose, which passes over rollers
mounted in the shuttle race; in this manner we are enabled to very considerably
reduce the thickness of the frame of the batten, aud consequently lessen its
weight, which is of great importance. In such looms we mount two or more
rollers in the race on each side of the position of the warp, one towards each
end of the shuttle when in the race; these rollers are mounted on pins
carried by the batten, on which they turn freely, and bear on the flexible
driver and on the shuttle, with the former of which they are in contact. The
driver which runs lengthwise of the batten is further carried over two other
rollers mounted higher in the batten, and so as to carry the driver over the
shed, whereby the driver is raised from the shuttle as it passes through the
shed. The driving of the shuttle is effected by means of small pegs rising
from its upper surface, and with which the driver is in contact, one at either
end and one at the centre, which pegs take into holes in the driver, whose

page_text: distance apart is arranged in such manner that the one peg of each shuttle
enters a hole in the driver before the other is released therefrom; grooves are
formed round the pressing rollers which allow the pegs to pass quite through
the driver, and partly within the circumference of such pressing rollers. The
upper part of the race is a flat surface, and is also grooved like the rollers
for the traverse of the pegs. Instead of rollers, we may use toothed pinions,
and apply teeth on the flexible driver gearing therewith, although we prefer
the arrangement described as producing a smoother and easier motion.
Although describing only one shuttle as above, it is obvious that the same
strap or shuttle driver may operate simultaneously on several shuttles, in like
manner arranged in the breadth of the loom. To weave two or more widths of
fabrics at one time, as well understood, two or more tiers of shuttles may also
be operated in like manner, the driver being actuated from each end by
suitable gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING AND GRASS CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Boyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1863.-Partly a communication from abroad by Henry
Fisher, of Alliance, Ohio, in the United States of America.
I, JAMES EDWARD BOYD, of Hither Green, Lewisham, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING AND GRASS CUTTING MACHINES," that the same
is partly a communication to me from abroad by Henry Fisher, of Alliance,
Ohio, in the United States of America, and partly my own Invention, to be
as follows:-
The improvements referred to are accomplished as follows, by the application
to an ordinary lawn mowing machine of certain cutting arrangements, some-
what similar to those which are applied to horse-power grass cutting and
reaping machines; to wit, oscillating or shuttle knives instead of the revolving
cutters, as now fitted to ordinary lawn mowing machines. The oscillating
bar containing the vibrating knives is set in motion by manual power, working
certain gearing and cranks connected therewith. Over the oscillating bar
containing the knives is placed an appliance for removing the cut grass into a
receiver at the rear of the same. For the purpose of lightness and solidity I
construct these lawn mowers either entirely of steel, or of wrought-iron tubing
and steel, or cast-iron and steel combined, or combined with brass or copper,

page_text: as may be necessary. In order to prevent corrosion and rust to lawn mowing
machines, I galvanize all the parts, a process I claim to apply to all lawn
mowers and grass cutters, whatever the construction of their cutting apparatus,
and whether worked by manual, horse, or other power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Denby Lee and James
Crabtree, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th September 1863.
We, JAMES DENBY LEE and JAMES CRABTREE, of Shipley, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to means of working or operating change shuttle
boxes in looms for weaving, and the improvements consist in working them
direct from the crank shaft by gear wheels and shafts. On the crank shaft
(at each end when required) are two bevil wheels, gearing (on each opposite
side) with another bevil wheel mounted on a stud fixed to the loom frame,
and on the back of which bevil wheel is a spur wheel gearing with another.
spur wheel fixed on a shaft collared in a bearing fixed to the loom frame..
This shaft is of suitable length to extend to the shuttle boxes when at the
beat up, and capable of sliding in or through the boss of a bevil wheel which
runs in bearings attached to the loom frame; this shaft may either be square.
or of other polygonal section, or round, having a feather thereon, so as to be
capable of driving the bevil wheel. Another bevil wheel gearing into the last
named bevil is fixed on a shaft which runs in bearings fixed to the box frame..
When the Invention is applied for working rotary or oscillatory boxes a
spur wheel is fixed on this shaft gearing by an intermediate with another spur
wheel fixed on the axis of the said boxes.. When employed. for working rising

page_text: boxes or slide boxes a lever is fixed on this shaft (instead of the spur wheel)
which is connected by a rod to the said boxes. A clutch box is on the crank
shaft betwixt the two bevils, capable of sliding on a feather by means of a lever
hinged to the loom frame, and actuated by tappets or cams fixed on the low
shaft. Two levers are hinged to the loom frame at one end, and a rod depends
from each at the other end. To each rod is attached a block capable of
sliding, one on each side of the clutch lever, and when lowered by the action
of the levers enters betwixt the clutch lever and the tappets. These levers
are indicated and actuated by a small jacquard or indicating cylinder placed
on a stud fixed to the loom frame, receiving intermittent motion by a star
wheel from the crank shaft or from the low shaft as most convenient. The
tappets or cams are so arranged or placed on the shaft as to act alternately on
the clutch lever when the blocks are lowered into position for that purpose, or
to act according to the indicating of the cylinder.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PLACING TYRES ON WHEELS, OR HOOPING OR FERRULING GENERALLY WHILE THE METAL IS HOT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
June 1863. A communication from abroad by Charles Imhoff, of
No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Smith.....
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington. Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
PLACING TYRES ON WHEELS, OR HOOPING OR FERRULING GENERALLY WHILE THE
METAL IS HOT," (a communication to me from abroad, by Charles Imhoff,
of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Smith,) to be as
follows:-
The apparatus forming the subject of this Invention is intended to be used
in placing tyres, hoops, or ferrules on wheels, or pieces of large rather than of
small diameter.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawing, forming part of this Provisional
Specification, illustrates the placing of a tyre upon a wheel by means of this
improved apparatus, working as follows:-First, press upon the lever A so as
to lift the apparatus, and at the same time spread out the hooks F to the
diameter of the tyre by pressing on the lever B, which operation effected, it
cannot escape, and may therefore be beaten at will on a platform, and also be
planed. On the moveable weight C is the pivot D, which permits. the
apparatus, together with the tyre, to be turned and brought above the wheel,
and this may be done without any concern as to the arrival of the tyre over

page_text: the wheel, the apparatus being fixed to the end of an arm E of the block Fi
with great nicety, and so that the one cannot get out of position with the
other. Then holding in one hand the end of the lever A, strike sharply on
the end of the lever G with the other; the outer end of the hooks F will lift,
and the tyre, guided by the pieces I, will fall on the wheel H; the guides I
are then lifted by the inner hooks J, which are at the end of the hooks F, and
are spread out in the same manner; and the wheel is freed from the guides.
This operation finished, the apparatus by which the tyre has been placed is
withdrawn, the wheel is raised by means of the lever K, and sliding to
the end of said lever is there held by the brackets L; then the hook M
comes against the opposite side of the wheel, and the balance lever O is then
turned to prevent the hook M leaving the wheel, which, by the aid of the
lever K, may then be run along as if it were fitted on its axle, and also turned
and manoeuvred in every way. The inner hooks remove with the guides
spindles which pass through the nave of the wheel, and an arm projecting
from the block fixes the moveable foot and holds it at a distance which will
permit the tyre always to fall plumb over the wheel without taking any
measurement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JEWEL, PHOTOGRAPH, INSTRUMENT, AND OTHER CASES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jeffreys at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1863.
I, CHARLES JEFFREYS, of King Street, Northampton Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Jewel Case Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JEWEL, PHOTOGRAPH, INSTRUMENT, AND
OTHER CASES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in jewel, photograph, instrument, and other like cases
for holding fancy and other goods, consist in the application of a spring thereto
to throw up the lid or cover when it is unlocked or the snap released. For
light leather goods such as jewellery cases, I find a small piece of watch
spring answers the purpose, which I simply place within the lining and the
body of the case, carrying the double or middle part of it round outside the
hinge, the one end terminating in the lower part of the case, and the other in
the cover wherein they are properly secured. The spring is enclosed and
hidden from view by the lining and covering of the case. Springs may be
otherwise applied to answer a like purpose, for instance, it may be a spiral or
other spring, and act on the hinge with like effect, or it may be a spring
compressed between the cover and the lower part of the case, in closing which
again throws it up when released. In all cases the spring is put in tension
by the closing of the case.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LEGGINGS, STAYS, OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Sanderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1863.
I, SIMON SANDERSON, of High Street, Shoreditch, in the County of Middle-
sex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LEGGINGS, STAYS, OR OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of an improved fastening
for connecting and securing the sides or edges of leggings, stays, or other
articles together.
For this purpose on one side or edge of a legging (or upon the stays or
other articles requiring similar fastenings), staples or loops are fixed, which
(when the two sides of the legging are brought together so as to overlap each
other) pass through slots or openings formed in a plate or strip of metal
or other material fixed on the other side or edge of the legging. After.
passing through the slot or opening the staple is in a position to receive the
end of a bolt carried by the outer surface of. the plate or strip, the bolt being.
by preference formed so as to spring back when pressed upon by the staple
through which it is forced by the spring, and the parts are thus securely.
connected together until the bolt or bolts are withdrawn to disconnect the-
parts.
Я
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1863

page_text: -
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1863. A communication from abroad by Guillaume
Madelaine Lacaze (of the Firm of Guillaume Madelaine Lacaze,
Père, and Company, Hat Manufacturers), 15, Passage des Petites
Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," (a communication to me from abroad by
Guillaume Madelaine Lacaze (of the Firm of Guillaume, Madelaine Lacaze,
Père, and Company, Hat Manufacturers), 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The hat body is made of silk stuff thoroughly steeped in an impervious
preparation or stiffening composed of gum lac & gum elemi dissolved in
about equal proportions of spirits of wine, and after having stretched it on a
suitable frame, washed off any impurity or shade left by the stiffening, and
restored the glossiness of the stuff, the tip and brim are then cut and placed
on the form, putting only a strip of gauze as a band where the junction of the
plush is to be made. Varnish or other coating is then placed on the hat body
thus made, and any suitable material (usually silk plush is glued over all.
The principal improvement is in the composition of the preparation or

page_text: stiffening applied for the first time to the silken stuff forming the hat body,
which permits the restoration of the hat to its original shape, no matter what
crushing it may have received, and that on a simple shape or block.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin West at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1863.
I, BENJAMIN WEST, of 2, St. James' Walk, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Bookbinder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS," to be as
follows:-
The said Invention consists in making each pen double; that is to say, the
piece of metal of which a single pen is now made I so shape and cut as to
form two pens, one at each end of the piece of metal, by which an economy of
one half is effected in the manufacture and consumption of metallic pens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRESSING PEAT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodor Erich at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March 1863.
-A communication from abroad by Christian Augustus Erich, residing
at Munich, in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
I, THEODOR ERICH, of 77, Newgate Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PRESSING PEAT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for pressing
peat. For these purposes two horizontal cylinders or rollers are used, which
are geared together by cog wheels on their axes. The peripheries of these
cylinders or rollers are composed of numerous parallel bars placed at short
distances apart, so that the water pressed from the peat may pass freely
between the bars into the interior of the cylinders or rollers; it is received
into suitable gutters and conducted thereby out of the cylinders or rollers.
The sides of the bars are not radial from the centres of the cylinders, but
incline downwards to give freer passage to the water. Two strong endless
fabrics are employed, one to each of the cylinders, and to the selvages of these
fabrics are fixed strong cords, by which and by guide pulleys the fabrics are
held extended as they are caused to circulate by the motion of the two
cylinders or rollers; on the outer side of one of the endless fabrics parallel
transverse ridges of wood or other suitable material are fixed, by these the
surface of the endless fabric is divided into parallel hollow spaces, which are
further enclosed at their ends by means of flexible ridges of leather or other

page_text: suitable material placed parallel with the selvages of the fabric and near
thereto. The transverse ridges extend up to but not beyond the ridges which
are parallel with the selvages. The peat is placed in a hopper, the lower end
or outlet of which comes between the two fabrics where they meet, and
descends between the pressing cylinders or rollers, and the ledges on the one
endless fabric assist in carrying down the pent between the cylinders or rollers.
By these means the peat is pressed into a sheet having transverse indenta-
tions on one side. The sheet of compressed peat on leaving the fabrics is
conducted to circular saws or cutters, which cut the sheet longitudinally. The
endless fabrics are cleansed by means of jets of water, which are. capable of
being moved to and fro across the surfaces of the two fabrics.
IMPROVED AXLE BOXES FOR CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Percy Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the 19th
February 1863.-A communication from abroad by James A. Cramer,
of Brooklyn, of the State of New York, United States of America.
I, RICHARD PERCY ROBERTS, of Kennington Oval, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
AXLE BOXES FOR CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES," a communication to me from
abroad by James A. Cramer, of Brooklyn, of the State of New York, United
States of America, to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the method of securing the box in
the hub or nave, which is accomplished by the use of a conical or wedge-shaped
nut on the end of the box, which when screwed up operates both to wedge and
clamp the box in the hub or nave. I use a conical or wedge nut, a collar or
flange being adjusted to fit against the flange on the box and screwed thereto
by means of bolts. The heads of the bolts are on the hub side of the flange,
and are somewhat sharpened and project slightly in order to catch and hold
the hub or nave when it is pressed and clamped into position by the nut on
the end of the box. The nut is formed conical or wedge-shaped as repre-
sented, in order that it may enter flush with the end of the hub or nave, and
operate in a double capacity.
First, to clamp the hub or nave firmly between it and the flange at the
other end of the box.
2nd, to wedge itself into the hub or nave as it is screwed up and so to hold
firm and steady the box in the hub and in connection with the wedge and pointed

page_text: bolt heads at the other end of the box to prevent any tendency whatever of the
box getting loose, turning or working in the hub or nave; at the same time
being formed of metal and small in size, and being entirely uniform, equal, and
exact in its pressure, it will require but little of the hub to be cut away to re-
ceive it (thus leaving the hub or nave firm and strong) and while both clamping
and wedging it thoroughly will have no tendency beyond what is absolutely
necessary to split the hub or nave; should the box at any time become loose, it
may be tightened by simply turning the nut, and holds the axle in position in
the box. Grooves being cut in the inner shell of the box to hold oil for
lubrication, the oil being injected through an orifice, it is evident that the
conical wedge nut when made with an opening for the end of the axle through
it may be used to fasten in the hub or nave the box of any plain ordinary axle
equally with the box and axle described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at thö
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1863.-A communication from abroad by Jean Louis.
De Waroquier, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS," to be as follows:-
In this Invention the liquid issues through numerous small passages in the
tap, whereby all shock and noise in shutting the tap are avoided. The end is
attained by means of numerous washers placed side by side and of a circular
grating as will be well understood from the following description and by
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a tap shewing the improvements. a is
the body of the tap; 6 is a metal cap, to which a circular grating e, free to play
in the central opening in the tap is fixed; c is a spindle secured to the head b
and passing through the nose d of the tap; f is a button screwed on
to the outer end of the spindle, and on which the short arm h¹ of a lever
handle h presses. The head bis on the outside, flat, circular, or conical according
to the pressure of the water, the taper of the cone should be increased with
increased pressure. The circular grating e receives as a packing several
caoutchouc washers 9 separated by metal washers 9'. The grating e may be
grooved or striated or indented longitudinally. The interior of the body a
may be formed with longitudinal ribs to prevent the turning or twisting of the
liquid. When the lever his raised by hand, the arm h¹ pushes inwards the

page_text: button f, the spindle c, and head b, the washers g and g¹ being released from
pressure allow the liquid to enter between them, which after passing through
the grating e runs out from the tap. As soon as the hand is removed from
the lever h, the pressure of the liquid at the back of the head 6 drives it back,
forces the washers against one another, and closes the tap. By the multiplicity
of the washers g and g³, and the numerous orifices of the grating e, the water
before issuing from the tap is divided into as many streams as there are
passages. In some cases the grating may be dispensed with, but then
washers similar to those shewn at Figure 2 are used. These washers are
pierced at the centre to be strung on the spindle c and are made with openings
as shewn for the passage of liquid, the head also is provided with guides to
keep it in the centre of the body-of the tap; is a hook on the lever handle h
2.
which acts as a bolt at the back of the projection or nut m on the spindle cat
the time of the greatest degree of pressure of liquid behind the head b, then
when the pressure diminishes from several neighbouring taps being opened at
the same time or from other causes, the bolt maintains the washers in their
highest state of pressure and the tap remains closed whatever variations may
arise in the pressure of the liquid behind the head b.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GRINDING PEARL, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR GRINDING OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1863.
I, SAMUEL EDWARDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Pearl
Grinder, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GRINDING PEARL, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR GRINDING OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
The mode of grinding pearl hitherto practised has been to press the pearl
on the periphery of the stone underneath the operator's band, and to remove
and shift it as frequently as required, to reduce it to the proper thickness, the
stone working on a horizontal axis. This process is tedious and laborious
and requires skilled labour in its performance, and my improvements consist
in the arranging of a lever or levers, simple or compound, and with a back
traversing and universal adjustable fulcrum, so that the operator can readily
place the pearl to be ground underneath a suitable pad placed for convenience
in contact with the periphery of the stone, and then by a slight pressure on
the end of the lever, the stone being in motion, the work rapidly proceeds,
thus enabling an intelligent boy or girl to do more in one day than any able
skilled man by the old process, and the work will be performed in a very
superior manner. Of the two, I prefer the use of a compound lever, because
it enables me to place the lever high, and above the screen necessarily required
in front of the stone to protect the operator from the flushing of the water
that is required to run over the surface of the stone during the process of

page_text: grinding. And this application of lever pressure I purpose also applying to
the surface of grindstones set up to run on vertical spindles, in which case two
operators can work at the same stone, the fulcrum of the levers being provided
with a traversing and universal action as in the former case. In this arrange-
ment I purpose the stone to revolve in an iron or other vessel, so arranged as
to prevent the water that is permitted to drop on the surface of the stone
flying off horizontally from its refluent motion, and at the same time to collect
the water at the bottom, which I purpose allowing to run off through a waste
pipe, or in any other convenient way. By this means I am enabled to apply
to the grinding of pearl a flat surface, which is desirable for many purposes,
instead of using the curved surface or periphery of the grindstone as now
commonly adopted, and these improvements are also applicable for grinding
or reducing tortoise-shells, precious and artificial stones, and other like
materials.
AN IMPROVED INSTRU- MENT FOR LUBRICATING RIPLES AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE-ARMS, ALSO ORDNANCE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Sellar at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1863.
I, ALEXANDER SELLAR, of Market Place, Reading, in the County of Berks,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INSTRU-
MENT FOR LUBRICATING RIPLES AND OTHER DESCRIPTIONS OF FIRE-ARMS, ALSO
ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a thin metal chamber or vessel of the following
construction: -The vessel when intended for rifles or other small arms is
about one inch and a half, more or less, in breadth or diameter and heighth,
with a spring clip for adjusting same to a soldier's belt or otherwise; the
aforesaid vessel is formed as a small box with a lid, but with an inner case or
closed annular chamber to receive oil, an inverted conical tube being fixed
upright in said chamber, by which said chamber may be charged with oil
which passes through perforations formed through the inner case aforesaid;
near the top and bottom thereof a flat piece or strip of sponge is coiled up
and placed in the space at the centre of the inner case aforesaid, said sponge
being so placed therein as to touch said inner case all over, and also to leave
a clear space at the centre of the coil of sponge for the purpose of inserting
the bullets to be greased, the sponge absorbing the oil from the reservoir. For
large guns or ordnance I propose to sponge them out with an instrument
constructed upon the principle above described, but modified to suit large guns

page_text: or ordnance, that is to say, I propose to place the sponge around the outer
surface of the reservoir containing the oil instead of inside, as above described.
I would remark that by forming the aforesaid tube taper as before stated, and
with a small hole at the bottom thereof, the oil would not run out if the
instrument were turned bottom upwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SQUARE RIGGING OF VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mills at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June 1863.
I, JOHN MILLS, the elder, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham, Cord-
wainer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE SQUARE RIGGING OF VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in the system of square
rigging, known as "the double topsail yard system." To carry out my
Invention I remove one of the yards (either the topsail yard or the topgallant
sail yard) with all the gear attached thereto, and I make the upper topsail
and the topgallant sail all in one sail. This sail I cause to be reefed or furled
from the foot upwards by being rolled upon a spar or roller revolving in
suitable bearings fixed near the extremities of the lower topsail yard, which is
attached to the cap of the mast. To the revolving spar or roller the necessary
rotary motion for furling the sail is communicated as follows:-The revolving
spar or roller, when the sail is unfurled, has wound round each end a length
of reef lines or chains equal to the amount of sail to be furled. The remaining
portions of these reef lines or chains are carried thence through blocks or
pullies fixed on the lower topsail yard near the above-mentioned bearings, and
over blocks or pullies fixed to the cross-trees of the topmast to the deck. By
hauling on the reef lines or chains the revolving spar or roller is caused to
rotate, and the sail may be thereby reefed to any extent or completely
furled.