Improvements in or connected with Applying Cement or analogous or other Materials to Surfaces.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Applying Cement or analogous
or other Materials to Surfaces.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68, Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
or
This invention has reference to modes of and means for applying cement in a
plastic state, or in a state of slurry, and other materials, such as clay, sand, or
granulated, or pulverulent material in similar conditions, to surfaces, or parts of
apparatus; and it has also reference to applying cement or other materials of a
granulated or pulverulent kind in a dry or nearly dry condition.
Under this invention, according to one mode, the cement, clay, sand, or other
material in the form of a slurry, or in a plastic state, (or in some cases in a dry or
nearly dry condition) is forced under pressure by air or other fluid out of a tool
or appliance in which it is contained, or through which it passes, the said material
issuing therefrom through a suitable aperture or apertures or surfaces of suitable
form. In some cases this discharge or delivery aperture or orifice is adjustable for
the purpose of enabling the quantity or thickness of material delivered being
regulated; also, in some cases, the said aperture or apertures may be flexible or
elastic to enable the material to be better or more easily and correctly applied.
In other cases the mode of applying the material will be by its own weight
within the tool or holder, in which case its issue from the aperture or apertures or
orifices will be due to gravity.
The tool or appliance will be differently constructed to suit the different purposes
to which it may be applied; and it will also be of different forms according to the
nature of the work or use to which it is to be put. As for instance, it may be
applied for applying cement or clay, sand or other material to the inside of retorts
of gas-works or other retorts, or to the outside of same, and to furnaces, and other
like or analogous purposes either when hot or cool. In such cases, when desirable,
the tool may be provided with a long handle, which, if pressure be used to force
out the material, (or even in other cases), may be hollow to conduct the air or other
fluid under pressure and the material, or either of them, to the tool; or these may
be supplied or either of them, by a separate pipe or pipes. In other cases, if the
long handle is not required for applying the material it may be dispensed with.
The tool or the appliance may be formed, in some cases, say when used as a
hand tool and without pressure, to hold a certain charge or sufficient quantity or
bulk of c. men or other material.
When it is applied for applying cement or other materials to flat surfaces, the
discharge aperture or orifice may suitably consist of a slot or rectilinear aperture,
which may be adjustable; and there may be used on it a lower lip of an elastic
nature, say of rubber, or wire, or other springy material, over which the material
passes, and is evenly spread.
This invention, besides being useful for the application of cement, clay, sand,
and other material, in a fluid or plastic condition, or in some cases in a dry
condition, to surfaces generally and for various useful purposes, may also be
applied, or used in applying cement, sand, granulated stone and other such
materials, for use in connection with the making or formation of letters, figures,

page_text: designs, and ornamentations, and any other equivalent, like, or analogous purposes
or uses.
Dated this 11th day of April 1893.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
Improvements in or connected with Applying Cement or analogous
or other Materials to Surfaces.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68, Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
and
or
This invention has reference to modes of means for applying cement in a
plastic state, or in a state of slurry, and other materials, such as clay, sand or
granulated or pulverulent material in similar conditions, to surfaces, or parts of
apparatus.
Under this invention, according to one mode, the cement, clay, sand, or other
material in the form of a slurry, or in a plastic state, is forced under pressure by
air or other fluid out of a tool or appliance in which it is contained, or through
which it passes, the said material issuing therefrom through a suitable aperture or
apertures or surfaces of suitable form. In some cases this discharge or delivery
aperture or orifice is adjustable for the purpose of enabling the quantity or
thickness of material delivered being regulated; also, in some cases, the said
aperture or apertures may be flexible or elastic to enable the material to be
better or more easily and correctly applied.
In other cases the mode of applying the material will be by its own weight within
the tool or holder, in which case its issue from the aperture or apertures or orifices
will be due to gravity.
The tool or appliance will be differently constructed to suit the different purposes
to which it may be applied; and it will also be of different forms according to the
nature of the work or use to which it is to be put. As for instance, it may be
applied for applying cement or clay, or other material to the inside of retorts of
gas works or other retorts, or to the outside of same, and to furnaces, and other
like or analogous purposes either when hot or cool. In such cases, when desirable,
the tool may be provided with a long handle, which, if pressure be used to force
out the material, (or even in other cases), may be hollow to conduct the air or
other fluid under pressure and the material, or either of them, to the tool; or these
may be supplied or either of them, by a separate pipe or pipes. In other cases, if
the long handle is not required for applying the material it may be dispensed with.
The tool or the appliance may be formed, in some cases, say when used as a hand
tool and without pressure, to hold a certain charge or sufficient quantity or bulk of
common or other material.
When it is applied for applying cement or other materials to flat surfaces, the
discharge aperture or orifice may suitably consist of a slot or rectilinear aperture,
which may be adjustable; and there may be used on it a lower lip of an elastic
nature, say of rubber, bristles, wire, or other springy material, over which the
material passes and is evenly spread.
This invention besides being useful for the application of cement, clay, sand, and
other material, in a fluid or plastic condition, to surfaces generally, and for
various useful purposes, may also be applied, or used in applying cement, sand,
granulated stone and other such materials in that condition, for use in connection
with the making or formation of letters, figures, designs, and ornamentations, and

page_text: any other equivalent, like, or analogous purposes or uses through stencils and the
like.
Drawings illustrative of this invention are annexed hereto, and form part of this
Specification.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 is a plan, and Figure 3 an end view, shewing
an appliance under this invention.
Figure 4 is a side elevation, Figure 5 is a plan, and Figure 6 an end view of
another form of appliance or tool under this invention. And Figures 7 and 8 are
perspective view and cross section, respectively, shewing details of the above tools.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1 to 3, the appliance or tool there
illustrated is particularly adapted for supplying cement or other material, as specified,
to surfaces by compressed air. a designates generally the vessel in which the
cement or other material in a state of slurry is held. b denotes generally the
mouth of the tool, through which the material passes from the appliance or tool. c is a
hollow handle through which compressed air is introduced into the vessel
a, c¹ being
a flexible air supply tube thereon. And d is a door or cover of any known suitable
kind covering an aperture through which the vessel is charged with the material
when being filled. The aperture in the mouth b consists of a narrow opening, and
may be made in any suitable shape, according to the purposes for which it is to be
used.
In application, the appliance or tool is held by the handle c, and the mouth of
the tool is placed and drawn over the surface to which it is desired to apply the
cement or other material, the discharge of such material from the mouth being
effected by the compressed air, supplied to the pipe c¹ and handle c from any suitable
source. The handle may be at the side as in dotted lines, or at the end as shown in
full lines.
The tool or appliance shewn in Figures 4 to 6 is constructed so that the material
is discharged from it by gravity, that is without artificial pressure.
In this case,
с
the vessel a may be open at the top part at ', or may have a hinged or loose cover
thereon. The handle e in this case is shewn fitted on the bottom of the vessel a.
In cases wherein vertical, or more or less upright or inclined surfaces are to be
coated with cement or other material, such as specified, this is the preferred
position of the handle.
One particular form of mouth of a tool under this invention, viz., the part at
which the application of the cement or other material being applied takes place, is
shewn in Figures 7 and 8, in detail. The chief characteristics of this mouth
construction of the tool, that it is of an elastic nature, whereby the material
being applied will pass freely and be evenly spread. The particular construction
shewn consists of a rubber lower lip e, which, in the drawing, is shewn double, being
bent round and projecting beyond the lower metallic edge a¹ of the mouth, the
rubber lip being secured thereto by bolts e¹, and a rubber strip e² being provided
between the upper and lower layer of the rubber forming the lip.
The part a slides on the edges of the vessel a, and so adjusts the amount of
opening of the mouth accordingly as it is moved up or down.
At each side of the mouth b, and forming the edges of the aperture through
which the material passes, elastic gauges f, preferably of bristles, are provided,
which project outwards as shewn, and keep the material together and to gauge, in
passing from the nose aperture to the surface being coated.
The vessel a of these appliances or tools may be made of light metal, wood, or
other suitable material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described improvement in effecting the application of cement or
analogous or other materials to surfaces, consisting in the employment of an appliance
comprising a vessel in which the material is held as slurry or in a plastic state, and

page_text: an aperture or apertures at a part thereof forming a mouth, and through which
such material passes in applying the same by artificial pressure or by gravity; for
the purposes specified.
2. The herein described improvement connected with applying cement or
analogous or other materials to surfaces, consisting of a vessel adapted to be
closed; a pipe through which compressed air is conveyed thereto; and a mouth on
the tool through which the material is forced substantially as described.
3. A tool for applying cement or analogous or other materials to surfaces,
comprising a vessel a adapted to contain the material, a handle c, and a mouth d,
through which the material passes from the tool; substantially as described.
4. A tool for applying cement or analogous or other materials to surfaces,
comprising a vessel a for containing the material, and a mouth with a pliable or
elastic lip; substantially as described.
5. The appliances or tools particularly as set forth with reference to and shewn
in Figures 1 to 3, and Figures 4 to 6 of the drawings, respectively.
6. In a tool for applying cement or analogous or other material to surfaces,
comprising a vessel to contain such material, and a narrow aperture forming the
mouth thereof through which said material passes, the particular construction of
elastic lip, and also side gauges, as set forth with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of
the drawings.
Dated this 11th day of January 1894
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.