IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETS,
AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."-
A communication from abroad by James Bennett Stone, of Boonton,
in the Stata of Now Lorsov IInited States of America.
-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th January 1874.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETS, AND
IN THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is more particularly applicable for rotary engines
propelled by electro-magnetism, and in which the pull is obtained by

page_text: consecutive action consequent on the unequal division, as regards
number, of the stationary and movable magnets occupying a con-
centric relation with each other.
The Invention consists in a construction of the faces of the electro-
magnets in corrugated or channeled courses parallel to the direction
of motion, so that the teeth or corrugations of the movable magnets
enter the channels of the fixed magnets, and vice versa. The corru-
gations when arranged as described will give largely increased acting
surfaces to the magnets over or as compared with plain faced ones,
together with great gain in strength of attractive force in the direction
of the motion of the revolving magnets.
The Invention also consists in a novel construction and arrangement
of some of the parts. The frame for the fixed magnets, and the
revolving shaft for the movable ones are both made of magnetic
metal, whereby the contiguous fixed and movable. magnets are changed
when magnetic and attract each other consecutively into (as regards
effect or action) a U form of magnet with the opposite poles attracting
each the other, and constituting a U magnet with its one pole fixed
and its other pole movable.
The Invention likewise consists in loading with iron or other magnetic
metal the backs of the magnets and connecting them magnetically,
that is, the fixed magnets are connected with the frame, and the mov-
able magnets with their hub or shaft, whereby the frame and shaft or
hub are not only thus made a part of the magnets but by the mass
of magnetic metal thus in connection with the cores of the magnets
the effective force of the magnets at the faces of the poles is increased.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM 30
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE
SAME FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," being a communication to me from
abroad by James Bennett Stone, of Boonton, in the State of New Jersey,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):-
This Invention is more particularly applicable to rotary engines
which are propelled by electro-magnetism, and in which the pull is
obtained by consecutive action consequent on the unequal division, as
regards number, of the stationary and movable magnets occupying a
concentric relation with each other.
The Invention consists in a construction of the faces of the electro-
magnets in corrugated or channeled courses parallel to the direction
of motion, so that the teeth or corrugations of the movable magnets
j

page_text: The corru-
enter the channels of the fixed magnets, and vice versa.
gations when arranged as described will give largely increased acting
surfaces to the magnets over or as compared with plain faced ones,
together with great gain in strength of attractive force in the direction
of the motion of the revolving magnets.
The Invention also consists in a novel construction and arrangement
of some of the parts. The frame for the fixed magnets, and the revolving
shaft for the movable ones are both made of magnetic metal, whereby
the contiguous fixed and moveable magnets are changed (when magnetic)
and attract each other consecutively into (as regards effect or action)
a U form of magnet with the opposite poles attracting each the other
and constituting a U magnet with its one pole fixed and its other pole
moveable.
The Invention likewise consists in loading with iron or other magnetic
metal the backs of the magnets, and connecting them magnetically,
that is, the fixed magnets are connected with the frame, and the
moveable magnets with their hub or shaft, whereby the frame and shaft
or hub are not only thus made a part of the magnets but by the mass
of magnetic metal thus in connection with the cores of the magnets
the effective force of the magnets at the faces of the poles is increased.
In the general construction of the apparatus there are novelties or
peculiarities which are of no small importance. Thus, the cores of the
fixed magnets are cast in one piece with the stationary surrounding
frame, and the cores of the moveable magnets are in one piece with
the hub or shaft of the engine, likewise the fingers which make and
break connection with the circuit changer are fastened to the same
stationary surrounding frame that carries the fixed magnets. This
connection of the magnets and fingers simplifies and cheapens the
construction of the engine, and makes it complete, so far as the details
are concerned, without or independent of the heads or covers which
simply furnish bearings for the shaft, and form the connecting and
neutral axis as it were of the fixed and moveable magnets.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 represents a side view of an
electro-magnetic engine with its frame in section; Fig. 2 is an end
view of the same; Fig. 3, a transverse section taken at the point indi-
cated by the line x, x, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a central transverse
section taken on the line y, y, of Fig. 1.

page_text: A is the main shaft of the engine having its bearings on the heads
B, B, of the stationary frame B₁; C is the hub fast on the revolving
shaft A, and carrying or having cast with it the cores D of the
movable magnets, to which D¹ are the spools; E are the cores of
the fixed magnets attached to or cast with the frame B¹, and E¹ their
spools. These fixed and movable magnets (which are radially arranged)
are so proportioned, as regards numbers and disposition, that the one
set of them, which may either be the fixed or movable magnets, are in
excess of the other set of magnets, whereby a consecutive action is
maintained as in other electro-magnetic engines. Thus, or in this
arrangement, G are the fingers which are insulated at b, b, from the
stationary frame B', by which fingers magnetic contact is consecutively
maintained between the fixed magnets E, E¹, through the outer terminal
wires e of their spools, and the insulated copper plates H of the circuit
changer I on the shaft A, so that as one finger leaves a plate H another
finger forms contact with a succeeding plate H, thus keeping up a
continuous action, the plates H being insulated by wood or other suitable
material ƒ, and having connected with them the outer terminals d of
the spools D¹ of the moveable magnets.
The inner terminal wires e¹ of the several spools E¹ of the fixed
magnets are attached to a general connecting ring or wire K which
is connected by a wire h with the one pole of the battery, while the
spools D¹ of the movable magnets (the inner terminals of which are
connected with the hub) are attached by a wire through the hub C,
or any portion of the stationary frame with the other pole of the
battery.
The faces of the magnets or contiguous and exposed ends of their
cores D, E, are corrugated or channeled, as at m, n, in courses parallel
to the direction of motion, causing the teeth or corrugations of the
fixed and movable magnets to enter one within the other. This gives
largely increased acting surfaces to the magnets over or as compared
with the plain faced ones, together with a great gain of attractive force
in the direction of motion of the revolving magnets.
Again, by the construction and arrangement of parts, as described
5 (including the making of the frame which carries the fixed magnets,
and the revolving shaft with its hub which carries the movable magnets,
both or all of magnetic metal), the fixed and movable magnets are

page_text: virtually changed when magnetic and attracting each other consecutively
into a U form of magnet with the opposite poles attracting each the
other, and constituting a U magnet, with its one pole fixed and its other
pole movable.
Furthermore, by loading with iron or other magnetic metal (as for
example at s) the backs of the fixed magnets, and by similarly loading
by the hub the backs of the movable magnets, and magnetically con-
necting the fixed and movable magnets respectively by the stationary
frame and revolving hub with its shaft, such frame and shaft or hub
are not only thus made a part of the magnets carried by them, but by
the mass of magnetic metal thus in connection with the cores of the
magnets the neutral points of the magnets are changed and their effective
force at the faces of the poles is increased.
By casting the cores E of the fixed magnets in one piece with the
frame B¹, and the cores D of the movable magnets in one piece with
the hub C; also by fastening the fingers G to the frame B¹ the con-
struction generally is simplified, cheapened, and improved; and so far
as the details are concerned the engine is complete without or inde-
pendent of the heads B, B, which simply furnish bearings for the shaft A,
and form the connecting and neutral axis as it were of the fixed and
revolving or movable U magnets.
The Invention may also in part or in whole be applied with advantage
to oscillating or reciprocating engines as well as to rotary ones.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, as aforesaid, and having explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,—
First. The fixed and moveable magnets constructed with channels or
corrugations on their faces in courses parallel to the direction of motion,
and for operating them in relation with each other, as and for the purpose
herein set forth.
Second. The construction and arrangement of parts whereby the
contiguous fixed and movable magnets, when magnetic and attracting
each other consecutively, are made to resemble, as regards their action,
U shaped magnets with the opposite poles attracting each other, and
with the one pole fixed and the other movable,

page_text: Third. The fixed and movable magnets loaded at their backs with
magnetic metal, and connected respectively by the frame and hub, or its
shaft, essentially as and for the purpose or purposes described.
Fourth. Casting the cores E of the fixed magnets in one piece with
the stationary frame B¹.
Fifth. Forming the cores D of the movable magnets in one piece with
the hub C of the shaft A.
Sixth. The attachments of the fingers G to the frame B¹, and inde-
pendent of the heads B, B, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.