Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 1st Sept., 1896-Accepted, 7th Nov., 1896
I FRANK WILLIAM PAYNE of 5, Cambridge Street, Wellingborough, Saddler
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of pneumatic tyres for cycles,
and other vehicles, and has for its object to provide a tyre which will not collapse
in puncturing.
In carrying out my invention I propose to make the outer cover of such a size
with relation to the inner air tube that it will prevent the slightest distension of
the air tube when inflated to its highest pressure. The rubber in the air tube is
thus under great pressure, although not in any way stretched or distended, so that
when pierced by any sharp object, on the latter being withdrawn, the hole will
immediately close up owing to the air pressure on the indistended rubber.
Any escape of air will thus be immediately prevented by the action of the air
pressure itself.
.
In order to render this arrangement more effective the inner face of the cover
is lined with rubber of about the same quality as that employed in the inner tube.
This rubber lining is cemented on to the canvas without in any way stretching it.
This rubber lining on being pierced, and the piercing object withdrawn, will close
in a similar manner to the tube, and owing to the pressure of the air the two
rubber faces of the inner tube will be pressed firmly together aiding in preventing
the escape of the air.
In the groove of the rim, in place of the usual tape, I propose to employ a strip
of thin brown leather about one inch in width, and slightly greasy or oily.
A number of holes is formed in this strip to permit of the nipple heads of the
spoke tighteners passing through, and it is cemented by dextrine or other suitable
material to the rim. This strip serves to make the groove of the rim even instead
of having a series of projections formed by the nipples as in the ordinary
arrangement.
The strip is also kept in place by the nipples. On this leather strip a band of
rubber of the same width cemented, this rubber being of similar quality to that
of the inner tube. This band serves the same purpose as the lining above described
and is cemented without being stretched. Thus, should any sharp object pierce
the tyre right through, the hole will be closed at the back as well as at the
periphery.
It will thus be possible for a rider to ride a considerable distance after having
punctured, without necessitating his repairing the tyre.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1895.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, FRANK WILLIAM PAYNE, of 5, Cambridge Street, Wellingborough, Saddler
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to an improved construction of pneumatic tyres for cycles
and other vehicles, and has for its object to provide a tyre which will not collapse
when punctured.
For this purpose I make the outer cover of the tyre of such a size with relation
to the inner air tube that it will prevent the slightest distension of the latter when.
inflated to the highest pressure. The rubber of the air tube is thus under pressure
although not in any way stretched or distended, so that when pierced by any sharp
object, on the latter being withdrawn, the hole will immediately close up owing
to the air pressure and the self-closing action of the undistended rubber. Any
escape of air will thus be immediately prevented by action of the air pressure
combined with the self-closing of the rubber.
In order to make this arrangement more effective the inner face of the cover
is lined with rubber of about the same quality as that employed in the air tube.
This rubber lining is cemented to the canvas of the cover, and the face thereof
should be as even and smooth as possible, without in any way stretching it. The
said lining on being pierced, and the piercing object withdrawn, will close in a
similar manner to the tube, and owing to the air pressure, the two adjacent rubber
faces will be pressed firmly together, thus preventing the escape of the air
between them.
The rubber lining in the cover may be placed longitudinally in the tread portion
thereof in the form of a band, and be of a width extending nearly to the edges
of the cover, and the said band is preferably of rather thinner substance than that
of the air tube.
I prefer to cement to the outer surface of the usual tape in the rim of the wheel
a very thin strip of rubber of the same width as the tape and of the same quality
as that of the air tube. This rubber serves the same purpose as the rubber
band of the covers that should a sharp instrument pierce the tyre right through,
the hole will close at the inner as well as the outer periphery of the air tube. It
will thus be possible for a rider to ride any distance after puncture of the tyre,
providing the latter receives an occasional re-inflation, without detaching the cover
from the rim, permanent repairs being executed at any convenient opportunity
afterwards.
The following advantages will result from a combination of these two simple
and important applications of my invention viz.: the non-expansion of the air tube
and the rubber lining in the cover.
It will be found very difficult to make a puncture in the air tube with blunt
objects such as pointed hob-nails or boot protectors if the tyre is not very highly
inflated for the following reason.
The nail will penetrate the cover and the rubber lining, but on coming into
contact with the air tube the rubber thereof will be pushed inwards and not
penetrated for the simple reason that the air tube retains its elasticity and so
allows of its being pressed inwards, without being pierced.
Some time elapses ere the nail gradually wears through the tube and when this
ultimately takes place the tube will still be practically air-tight, for the rubber
thereof and the lining rubber will cling so tightly to the nail that it will stop the
exit of the air.

page_text: Thus nails of almost any reasonable size or shape after puncturing the tyre
will remain practically air-tight therein by reason of the clinging of the air tube
and rubber lining, combined with the outer cover, upon the puncturing object.
The combined self-closing properties of air tube and lining are fully able to
cope with such punctures as would be caused by thorns, pins, tacks and such like,
should they be from some cause or other withdrawn. Should a pin or tack be
found sticking in the tyre and the rider pulls it out he should find out where the .
escape is and by pressing once or twice upon it with his finger the escape at once..
ceases.
In the event of the tyre ultimately collapsing it will at once form the remedy
for the puncture as will be seen in the manner following. On the tyre becoming:
deflated the cover and air tube will be in a loose condition and the slightest
sliding or shifting either of the cover or tube will break the direct line of the
puncture through the cover and tube. The consequence will be that on the air
tube being again inflated there is every probability of the minute hole in the tube
being brought into contact with a fresh unpunctured portion of the lining rubber
in the cover.
This effectually closes over the hole and the tighter the inflation
of the air tube the greater will be the resistance formed.
Should the tyre receive a larger puncture as from a wire nail about 1 inch in
length and the latter be withdrawn, the escape of air may be stopped by lifting
one edge of the cover in proximity to the puncture and slightly shifting it to one..
side which action will tend to displace the direct line of the perforation to a.;
greater extent than as previously described. The tyre should then be almost fully.
inflated and the part affected be bound tightly several times around the cover and
rim with a piece of strong string or by a small strap buckled tightly in position.
The object of this is to obtain a firmer foundation, than that afforded by the
cover itself, for the interior rubbers to press against.
Furthermore should the tyre receive a still more formidable puncture such as
that caused by a horse shoe nail or an object of even larger dimensions, and the
said object be withdrawn, the shifting process would be insufficient to arrest the
out rush of air, but the difficulty can be overcome in an easy and expeditious
manner without removing the cover by the following simple method. The rider
should be provided with a few ordinary flat-headed copper rivets of various sizes
from to inch in length and with points slightly tapered. One of these rivets is
inserted in the puncture and pushed well down to its head, the rivet being slightly
larger than the puncture so as to be tightly clipped by the external and internal
rubbers, after which the tyre and rim is bound tightly round with a piece of strong
string, or instead of string a small strap may be employed. By reason of the
elasticity of the air tube aud lining rubber being retained the rivet is tightly
gripped, this action being further aided by the outer rubber and the binding on
the head of the rivet which forming a firm substance for the external and internal
rubbers to press against, thus forming an air tight joint.
The preceeding methods of repairing the tyre are simply intended to tide
over a difficulty when it is impossible to effect permanent repairs on the road, as
my invention does not prevent the usual mode of repairing being executed
afterwards.
cross.
And in order to clearly understand my invention I will describe the same with
reference to the accompanying sheet of drawings in which Fig. 1 is a
section of one of my improved tyres, and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a portion
of the same.
a is the outer cover fixed to the rim b in the ordinary manner and a¹ is the
canvas or inner lining of the said cover.
t
c is the rubber lining cemented to the canvas a². This rubber lining is in the
form of a band extending around the inner periphery of the cover and of nearly
the same width as the latter as shown in Fig. 1. This band should be fixed in
position without in any way stretching it, and its inner surface should be as even
and smooth as possible, it should also be made of the same quality as the rubber

page_text: of the air tube d. e is the usual tape carried in the rim b, and to the outer surface
of which is cemented the thin rubber strip f of the same width as the tape. This
strip serves the same purpose as the rubber lining c in closing up a hole which
may be formed by an instrument piercing the inner periphery of the air tube.
As before explained should any object pierce the cover a lining c, and air
tube d and the said object be withdrawn, the rubber of the lining c and of the
air tube d will, by reason of their elasticity and undistended condition, immediately
close up the puncture, the pressure of the air in the tube d aiding the said closure
by forcing the said tube and the lining c tightly against each other.
In a similar manner should the piercing object be left in the tyre, the lining c
and tube d will tightly clip the said object so as to prevent any escape of air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In pneumatic tyres for cycles and other vehicles, forming the outer cover of
such a size with relation to the air tube that it will prevent the slightest distension
of the latter when fully inflated, substantially as described and for the purposes
specified.
2. In pneumatic tyres as above claimed the combination with the cover a and
air tube d of the indiarubber lining e cemented to the inner face or circumference
of the cover, and of the india-rubber strip f cemented to the tape e substantially as
described and for the purposes specified.
3. The improved pneumatic tyre substantially as described and shown in the
drawings and for the purposes specified.
A 1906
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.