Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 24th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 8th Mar., 1887.
t
I, WILLIAM MORRIS MORDEY, of Victoria Works, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In electric generators or motors having armatures of the flat ring, or ring dise
type, and in which the polepicces or polar projections of the field magnets are
presented to both sides of the ring, or are grooved. or recessed to oppose polar
surfaces to the ring on the sides and the periphery, it has been customary to wind the
armature with radial coils which almost or quite cover the internal diameter of the
As it is
ring, but are separated from each other by spaces at the outer diameter.
convenient to wind the coils in this manner, that is, so that while each coil is radial.
as a whole, the several convolutions of each coil are nearly or quite parallel, the
existence of these separating spaces at the outer diameter of the ring is with such
winding unavoidable, and it has been usual to leave these spaces vacant, or to fill them
with separating pieces of wood, or some such substance in order to support the coils,
and give stability to the winding as a whole. It has been proposed to fill these
spaces at the outer diameter with iron saddle pieces in place of wood, in order that
the magnetic property of the iron may increase the intensity of the action; but the
difficulty of combining a practical method of lamination necessary to prevent
excessive heating by eddy currents, with such a construction as will give the required
mechanical strength and magnetic continuity, has hitherto, so far as I know, prevented
such proposals from being successfully carried out in practice.
In armatures of this class, as was explained in my specification No. 4419 of 1883
it is necessary, in order most effectually to check the generation of eddy currents,
that the lamination should at the sides or ends be in a direction parallel to the axis of
the armature; that is to say, the division of the iron should be perpendicular to the
wire passing over the sides or ends of the ring disc. For this reason I construct the
inner portion of the iron core of the armature by winding a strip or ribbon of iron in
a close volute form, preferably having projections extending outwards between the
coils towards the pole pieces. But although such a construction is suitable for the
portions of the armature core which are directly under the influence of those parts
of the polepieces which face the sides of the ring disc; the method of. laminating the
armature core at the outer surface or periphery, and of any projections extending
outwards towards those parts of the polepieces which face the outer surface or
periphery, should be in planes at right angles to the axis of the armature. According
to this invention therefore, in the case of armature cores with or without projections
on the outer surface 1 construct first the inner portion of the armature in the
manner above mentioned, by winding a strip or ribbon of iron in a close volute form,

page_text: preferably with lateral projections extending toward the polepieces between the coils
as described in the specification of Patent No. 4563 of 1883, or in any other suitable
manner, the several turns of the spiral being separated the one from the other by
any thin material that is a bad conductor such as varnish, paper, or metallic oxide.
Then the outer portion of the armature core is made up as follows:-Thin sheet
iron is cut or stamped out to form flat rings, the inner circumference of each being
circular, and the outer circumference being either also circular or, as I prefer, having
projecting spurs or teeth corresponding in number to the coils of the armature. So
many of these flat rings are placed together as will serve to make up a kind of spur
or cog wheel, or a plain tire, as the case may be, of the intended thickness or length
of the main portion of the armature. Electrical contact between the surfaces is
avoided by varnishing each of the rings on one side, or by interposing paper or other
suitable substance between them. Or, instead of complete toothed rings or washers,
the washers can he built up in sections secured together by pins or in any other
suitable manner, or the said outer portion may be of band iron, plain or toothed at
one side, cut or stamped out, and then wound by being passed through suitable
rollers, so as to form the said outer portion of a close helix. For simple ring armatures
the last described method of construction may be used, without the inner spiral portion.
This laminated tire, plain or toothed, is then placed over the inner ribbon or strip
iron portion of the armature, the two portions being secured together by any
suitable means, such as one or more keys or feathers attached to the rim of the inner
portion of the core, and fitting in grooves or keyways cut to receive them in the
spurred or cogged portion. This compound armature core is then wound with the
conductor in the usual way. When there are ventilating spaces in the inner portion
of the armature, as when the same is made of two or more spirals placed side by side,
but having air spaces between them, the outer portion is also divided to allow of air-
*communication with the interior of the armature.
Armatures so constructed are wound with the conductor in the usual way, and may
be used in connection with field magnets in the manner well understood.
I prefer, however, to employ an improved arrangement of the field magnet or
magnets according to the principle described below. In dynamos as hitherto usually
employed, each magnetic pole of the field consists in a prolongation or extension of a
separately wound electro-magnetic core, or of two or more such cores. In such
arrangements only a portion of the wire is usually available for the induction of
useful magnetism, and consequently more wire is used and more energy is expended
than is necessary for the purpose.
One of the objects of this invention is therefore the construction of electro magnets
in such a way that one coil only is employed where two or more have usually been
required. This coil is wound round one of the field cores or poles, the winding being
enclosed by iron which is continued without further winding, to form a pole or poles.
For example, in a two pole dynamo, the field winding is made to encircle one of
the field poles. This winding is then surrounded by iron which is continued so as
also to more or less completely enclose the armature, and is made to present
projection which acts as the second pole, to the side of the Armature diametrically
opposite to the first mentioned pole.
EL
Again in a four pole or six pole dynamo, alternate poles or polepieces only are
encircled by the magnetising wire, the winding as before being more or less completely
surrounded by iron, this surrounding iron being extended so as to present poles to the
armature equal in number but opposite in sign to those around which the magnetising
wire is placed. In this manner the whole of the wire is more economically utilised
for magnetic induction than is the case in field magnets as heretofore usually
constructed.

page_text: I, WILLIAM MORRIS MORDEY, of Victoria Works, Lambeth, in the county of Surrey,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In dynamo electric machines (electric generators or motors) having armatures of the
flat ring, or ring disc type, and in which the pole pieces or polar projections of the
field magnets are. presented to both sides of the ring, or are grooved or recessed to
oppose polar surfaces to the ring on the sides and the periphery, it has been customary
to wind the armature with radial coils which almost or quite cover the inside of the
ring but are separated from each other by spaces at the periphery.
As it is convenient to wind the coils in this manner, that is so that while each coil
is radial as a whole, the several convolutions of each coil are nearly or quite parallel,
the existence of these separating spaces at the periphery of the ring is with such
winding unavoidable, and it has been usual to leave these spaces vacant, or to fill them
with separating pieces of wood, or some such substance in order to support the coils,
and give stability to the winding as a whole. It has been proposed to fill these spaces
at the periphery with iron saddle pieces in place of wood, in order that the magnétic
property of the iron may increase the intensity of the action; but the difficulty of
combining a practical method of lamination necessary to prevent excessive heating by
eddy currents, with such a construction as will give the required mechanical strength
and magnetic continuity, has hitherto prevented such proposals from being successfully
carried out in practice.
In armatures of this class, as was explained in my specification No. 4419 of 1883 it
is necessary, in order most effectually to check the generation of eddy currents, that
the lamination at the sides or ends should be in a direction parallel to the axis of the
armature that is to say the division of the iron should be perpendicular to the wire
passing over the sides or ends of the ring or ring disc. For this reason I construct
the inner portion of the iron core of the armature by winding a strip or ribbon of
iron in a close volute form, preferably having projections extending outwards between
the coils toward the pole pieces. But although such a construction is suitable for the
portions of the armature core which are directly under the influence of those parts of
the pole pieces which face the sides or ends of the ring or ring disc; the method of
laminating the armature core at the outer surface or periphery, and of any projections
extending outwards towards those parts of the pole pieces which face the outer surface
or periphery, should be in planes at right angles to the axis of the armature.
Fig. 1 shows in end elevation an armature core partly wound, and Fig. 2 a section
thereof with the winding removed, constructed according to this invention. In the
case of armature cores with or without projections on the outer surface I first construct
the inner portion of the armature in the manner above mentioned by winding a strip
or ribbon of iron in a close volute form as shown at a, a Figs. 1 and 2, preferably with
.

page_text: lateral projections (not shown) at the inter-coil spaces S, S Fig. 1, extending toward
the pole pieces between the coils, as described in the specification No. 4563 of 1883,
or in any other suitable manner the several turns of the spiral being separated the
one from the other by any thin badly conducting material such as varnish, paper, or
metallic oxide.
The outer portion b, b, Figs. 1 and 2, of the armature core is then made up as
follows:-
Thin sheet iron is cut or stamped out to form flat rings or washers; the inner
circumference of each being circular, and the outer circumference being either also
circular or preferably having projecting spurs or teeth p, p, Fig. 1, corresponding in
number to that of the coils e, c, Fig. 1, of the armature. So many of these flat rings
or washers are placed together as will serve to make up a kind of spur or cog wheel
as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or a plain tire, as the case may be, of the intended thickness
or length of the main portion of the armature. Electrical contact between the surfaces
is avoided by varnishing each of the rings on one side, or by interposing paper or
other suitable substance between them. Or, instead of complete toothed rings or
washers the washers can be built up in sections secured together by pins or in any
other suitable manner, or the said outer portion may be of band iron, plain or toothed
at one side when toothed, cut, or stamped out, and then wound by being passed
through suitable rollers so as to form the said outer portion as a close helix. For
simple ring armatures the last described method of construction for the outer portion
may be used without the inner spiral portion. This laminated tire, plain or toothed,
is then placed over the inner ribbon or strip iron portion of the armature, the two
portions being secured together by any suitable means, preferably by one or more
keys or feathers such as ff, Fig. 1, attached to the rim of the inner portion of the
core, and fitting in grooves or keyways cut to receive them in the outer portion.
When there are ventilating spaces in the inner portion of the armature, as when the
same is made of two or more spirals placed side by side, but having air spaces between
them, the outer portion is also divided to allow of air communication with the interior
of the armature.
Armatures constructed as hereinbefore described are wound with the conductor in
the usual way, and may be used in connection with field magnets in the manner well
'understood.
I prefer, however, to employ an improved arrangement of the field magnet or
magnets according to the principle described below.
In dynamos as hitherto usually employed, each magnetic pole of the field consists
in a prolongation or extension of a separately wound electro magnetic core, or of two
or more such cores. In such arrangements only a portion of the wire is usually
available for the induction of useful magnetism, and consequently more wire is used
and more energy is expended than is necessary for the purpose. One of the objects
of this invention is therefore the construction of electro magnets in such a way that
one coil only is employed where two or more have usually been required. The
application of this part of my invention to a dynamo with a drum armature is shown
in sectional elevation in Fig. 3, and in side elevation in Fig. 4. The field winding W, W,
Fig. 3, is made to encircle one of the field poles P. This winding is surrounded on
three sides by iron M, M, Fig. 3, which is continued so as to more or less completely
enclose the armature, and is made to present a surface at P, P, which acts as the
second pole, to the side of the armature diametrically opposite to the pole P. In this
manner the wire is more economically utilised for magnetic induction than is the case
in field magnets as now usually constructed. In applying this part of my invention to
drum armature machines, I prefer to cast the whole magnet in one, winding the
coil W, W, separately on a suitable frame or bobbin, and putting it in place before the
armature is inserted. In this way a frame hed-plate and magnet is obtained in one
casting which requires only a very small amount of tooling to fit it for work. One of
the bearing standards B, B, Fig. 4, is usually made part of the main casting, the
other being placed in position after the insertion of the armature. In machines
"of¨¨ considerable size I, however, prefer to make a separate casting of the upper

page_text: portion P1, P1, bolting the two portions together as shown at B1, B1, Figs. 3 and 4.
In the case of ring armature machines, especially of the type shown and described
with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, I continue the winding W, W, further up the
space A, A, shown vacant in Fig. 3, causing the said winding to encircle the lower
portion of the ring armature, and sometimes extending it somewhat beyond the pole I',
which as well as P1, P1, may be provided with side or end plates for the purpose of
extending the iron surfaces opposed to the armature.
The portions of the field.winding W, W, which at the ends project beyond P,
may be partly enclosed by iron so as to diminish magnetic waste, this iron being
continuations of the lower parts of M, M.
Figs. 3 and 4 as hereinbefore stated, represents a section of a drum armature
dynamo constructed according to my invention, but it will be understood that the form
of field is equally applicable to a hollow cylinder or elongated ring armature.
Instead of using cast iron 1 may build the field magnet system of wrought iron.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner it is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim
broadly the use in armature cores of iron strips or ribbons wound in a volute spiral
form with or without lateral projections; nor in ring armatures the use of cores
consisting of a number of flat rings or washers, placed side by side, either plain or
with a spurred or toothed outward configuration; but what I consider as novel and
original and therefore claim as my invention is:-
1. In an armature of a dynamo electric machine of the ring or ring disc type the
combination of (a) an inner portion consisting of a close volute of strip iron or of two
such volutes side by side having a slight air-space between them, with or without
lateral projections extending between the coils towards the poles, and (b) an outer
portion consisting of thin iron rings or washers with or without projecting teeth or
cogs, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
2. The construction of ring, drum, or cylinder dynamo machines substantially as
described with reference to Figs. 3 and 4.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant."