IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPREGNATING AND IN RAISING AND THROWING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS OF LIQUID CARBONIC ACID, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carl Kesseler, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the
Empire of Germany, Civil Engineer and Patent Solicitor, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPREGNATING AND IN RAISING AND THROWING WATER
AND
OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS OF LIQUID CARBONIC ACID, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from Doctor Wilhelm Raydt, of
Hanover, in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Carl Kesseler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1880.
CARL KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany, Civil
Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPREGNATING AND IN
RAISING AND THROWING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS OF LIQUID
CARBONIC ACID, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." (A communication from Doctor
Wilhelm Raydt, of Hanover, in the German Empire.)
Carbonic acid when liquified at 32° F., under a pressure of 36 atmospheres,
takes up only 1/500 part of the space it takes in its gaseous form under ordinary
pressure, while atmospheric air under like compression takes up ³/ss of its former
volume, thus requiring a vessel about 14 times larger than that for the compressed
carbonic acid.
This impregnation of the fluid with the gas is essential when by the technical
application the raised or thrown fluid thereby acquires desirable properties. Such
is the case when water, while raised and thrown out as a jet by the expansion of
liquified carbonic acid, is used for quenching fire, and also when the liquified
carbonic acid is applied to the raising of beer in so called pressure apparatus for
drawing off beer.
The mode of application of the liquified carbonic acid to the two aforesaid
purposes, and also the impregnation of water with carbonic acid, as used in the
manufacture of mineral waters, together with the apparatus therefor, form the
subject of the present Invention.

page_text: For quenching fire according to this Invention a portable apparatus is used,
consisting mainly of a reservoir for the water to be thrown, a vessel for the liquid
carbonic acid, and a stop valve and a pressure reducing valve between both vessels.
The liquid carbonic acid in the vessel when the stop valve is opened passes to the
reducing valve fitted with pressure gauge and hand wheel or handle for regulating
the pressure according to the gauge; the carbonic acid passes thence by a pipe into
the lower part of the water reservoir where it is perforated so as to allow the gas
to escape into the water in many fine jets for the effectual mixing with and
absorption by the water. The outlet from the water reservoir is at the lowest
part of same, and is provided with a cock having a shank for fire engine hose
screw connection. When the water is thus under pressure and the outlet cock is
opened it will rush out with a velocity due to the pressure, and ascend through the
nozzle to the corresponding height.
d
A cock between the reducing valve and the water reservoir shuts off the
connection with carbonic acid vessel in case of any repair to the apparatus being
needed. The carbonic acid vessel is connected with the reducing valve by a
running socket of ordinary construction (or with right and left hand screw thread),
so that the connection may be easily broken and a freshly charged carbonic acid
vessel quickly substituted for the one that has beeen emptied. In some cases
for long distances the connection may be by means of a strong hose with a small
bore.
The same apparatus and method may also be applied for raising and drawing off
beer. The carbonic acid, rendered gaseous again, passes from the reducing valve
into the beer barrel through the bung-hole by a double walled pipe; the exterior
walls are perforated with small holes. The outer pipe is soldered together at its
top and bottom with the inner pipe, the carbonic acid passes down between the
two pipes and passes into the beer by the perforations. The upper end of the
inner pipe is connected to the beer engine or outlet spout, and the beer thus
strongly impregnated with carbonic acid can thus be drawn off under pressure.
The carbonic acid may, as is usual with the present drawing off apparatus for
air pressure, be led into an air vessel first and thence to the beer.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Carl Kesseler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th April
1881.
CARI, KESSELER, of 63, Mohrenstrasse, Berlin, W., in the Empire of Germany, Civil
Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPREGNATING AND IN
RAISING AND THROWING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS OF LIQUID
CARBONIC ACID, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from Doctor
Wilhelm Raydt, of Hanover, in the German Empire.
Many gases can be liquefied by a moderate pressure, and have then properties
which can be utilized for many technical and industrial purposes. It is of especial
importance that the liquefied gases tako up a very small space.
Carbonic acid when liquefied at 32° F., under a pressure of 36 atmo-
spheres, takes up only 1/500 part of the space it takes in its gaseous form under
ordinary pressure, while atmospheric air under like compression takes up / of its
former volume, thus requiring a vessel about 14 times larger than that for the
compressed carbonic acid. According to weight even the same vessel will take
21 times more carbonic acid in a liquid state than air under like pressure. When
the pressure is taken off the liquefied gas resumes the gaseous form, and may in
that state be used for raising or throwing fluids, whereby these at the same time
become impregnated with the gas, carbonic acid, for instance.
This impregnation of the fluid with the gas is essential when by the technical
application the raised or thrown fluid thereby acquires desirable properties. Such
is the case when water, while raised and thrown out as a jet by the expansion of
liquefied carbonic acid, is used for quenching fire, and also when the liquefied
carbonic acid is applied to the raising of beer in so called pressure apparatus for
drawing off beer.
The mode of application of the liquefied carbonic acid to the two aforesaid
purposes, and also the impregnation of water with carbonic acid as used in the
inanufacture of mineral waters (and which has heretofore been done by means
of pumps), together with the apparatus therefor, form the subject of the present
Invention.
For quenching fire according to this Invention a portable apparatus, such, for
instance, as shown in Figure 1, is used, consisting mainly of a reservoir A for the
water to be thrown, a vessel B for the liquid carbonic acid, and a stop valve a and
a pressure reducing valve b between both vessels. As, by ordinary temperature, the
liquefied carbonic acid exerts a pressure of about 40 atmospheres, but five to seven
atmospheres suffice for fire extinguishing purposes. It is necessary for the economical,
regular, and sure working of the apparatus to reduce the out flowing gas as required,
and to determine exactly the effective pressure of same. The liquid carbonic acid in
the vessel B when the stop valve a is opened passes to the reducing valve b, which
may be of any suitable and well known construction, and fitted with pressure
gauge m and hand wheel or handle for regulating the pressure according to the
gauge ; the carbonic acid passes thence by a pipe c into the lower part of the water
reservoir A where it is perforated so as to allow the gas to escape into the water
in many fine jets for the effectual mixing with and absorption by the water. In
the water reservoir A the pressure is now that which is determined by the position
of the reducing valve, which has been determined previously and can be read off
on the pressure gauge.
The outlet d from the water reservoir A is at the lowest
part of same and is provided with a cock e having a shank ƒ for fire engine hose
screw connection. When the water is thus under pressure and the outlet cock e is
opened it will rush out with a velocity due to the pressure, and ascend through the
nozzle to the corresponding height.
A cock g between the reducing valve b and the water reservoir A shuts off the
connection with the carbonic acid vessel B in case of any repair to the apparatus

page_text: being needed.
The carbonic acid vessel B is connected with the reducing valve b
by a running socket h of ordinary construction (or with right and left hand screw
thread) so that the connection may be easily broken and a freshly charged
carbonic acid vessel quickly substituted for the one that has been emptied.
some cases for long distances the connection may be by means of a strong hose
with a small bore.
In
Water charged with carbonic acid extinguishes fire much quicker and surer than
ordinary water, as is well known, and this apparatus being served by one man who,
at command, has to open or close the cock e constitutes a very cheap means, so
that the cost of the liquefied carbonic acid (which may be produced on a large
scale for 3 to 4 pence per gallon) does not weigh comparatively much in the
scale. The great advantage of the apparatus is that it is always ready and very
effective, and almost automatically so. Without the application of any steam or
human power it throws a very efficient liquid to great distances, and thus
extinguishes fire with a comparatively small volume of water.
The same apparatus and method inay also be applied for raising and drawing off
beer. Beer engines have, it is true, before now been worked by carbonic acid
which was developed close by same but not by liquefied carbonic acid.
Figure 2 shews an apparatus for such a purpose, this will be understood without
much explanation. The carbonic acid rendered gaseous again passes from the
reducing valve into the beer barrel through the bung hole by a double walled
pipe e, also shewn separately in section and part elevation respectively in Figures 3
and 4. The exterior walls are perforated with small holes. The outer pipe is
soldered together at its top and bottom with the inner pipe, the carbonic acid
passes down between the two pipes and passes into the beer by the perforations.
The upper end of the inner pipe is connected to the beer engine or outlet spout,
and the beer thus strongly impregnated with carbonic acid can thus be drawn off
under pressure. The carbonic acid may, as is usual with the present drawing
off apparatus for air pressure, he led into an air vessel first and thence to the beer.
The main advantages are that the beer remains charged or saturated with
carbonic acid, hence does not become flat, and there is no need for drawing it off
quickly as now done to make it appear "up," also that the use of dirty air or dirty
puinps are done away with, and finally, that the power required for raising
the beer is furnished by the carbonic acid itself, thus doing away with pumps or
water pressure.
And having thus described the nature of this Invention as communicated to me,
I declare that I claim,-
First. The herein described mode of impregnating water with carbonic acid in a
gaseous form by means of liquid carbonic acid, and raising and throwing it, or
similarly impregnating beer, and raising and drawing it off.
Second. The construction of the apparatus for the purposes just named, and
consisting of a carbonic acid container in combination with pressure and reducing
valve appliance, a vessel containing the water or beer to be raised, and a pipe
conveying the carbonic acid into the last named vessel.
In witness whereof, I, the said Carl Kesseler, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
CARL KESSELER. (L.S.)