Improvements in Gas Burners.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Gas Burners..
A communication from abroad by DR. JOHANN S. BILLWILLER, of Unteieggen,
Switzerland, Chemist,
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent; do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
It is well known that in burning acetylene gas, certain impurities in the gas,
produced during its generation and resulting inter alia, from impurity of the
materials, acid vapours, and especially gaseous phosphoric acid, which is usually
deposited at the orifice of the burners, act injuriously upon the material surrounding
the burner orifice and cause, directly or indirectly, the gradual choking of the out-
lets or burner orifices, which are extremely small. Now in order to obviate this
drawback, a burner constructed in accordance with the present invention is provided
above the nozzle with a cap formed with one or more holes or apertures corresponding
to the holes or apertures in the nozzle, the first mentioned holes being directed
similarly to the last mentioned holes but being larger than them. The gas issuing
from the holes in the nozzle, passes through the corresponding holes in the cap,
drawing air along with it. It then burns only above the outer surface of the cap, so
that choking of the holes in the nozzles is obviated.
The accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example in sectional and plan
views various arrangements of burner according to this invention.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, nozzle a has only one aperture aº, and
the cap b, which is in the form of a straight plate, has consequently only one hole bo
which is situated over the hole a and is about three times as large as the hole in the
nozzle, which proportion I may here remark is kept in all the other examples.
In the arrangement shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the cap is of dish-like convex form,
and the nozzle, and the cap, are each formed with one hole only. The burners shown
in Figs. 5 and 6, and in Figs. 7 and 8, are each provided with a number of gas out-
lets, five such outlets being shown in the form of round holes. In Figs. 5 and 6, the
cap is of conical form such that the central hole is situated in the apex of the cone,
whilst the other holes corresponding with the corresponding holes in the nozzle, are
formed in the jacket or shell of the cone. In Figs. 7 and 8, the cap is hemispherical,
and the holes therein correspond with the holes in the nozzle. Figs. 9 and 10 show
a burner with a shallow conical cap and with a single hole. There is also shown by
way of example a device for fastening the cap above the nozzle. The cap is provided
with two diainetrically arranged lateral arins b¹ which at their underside have eyes by
means of which the cap is fixed on two suitably bent supporting hooks c¹ mounted on
a ring c,-placed upon the nozzle holder d which is provided with a collar or with
projections d¹ to form a support for the ring.
Figs. 11 and 12 show a burner with a nozzle formed of an annular hollow body a¹,
in which nozzle the gas outlets are formed in conical projecting portions a² on the
nozzle. The cap b.is so constructed that over each of these projecting portions there

page_text: is situated a corresponding small roof 6 whose holes correspond with the holes in the
nozzle.
Preferably, and this applies to all the arrangements, the nozzle is made of bad heat-
conducting material such as steatite platinum,, German silver and the like, whilst the
cap is made of good heat conducting material such for example, as silver or copper.
By this means the condensation of the acid vapours that are formed as above stated,
on combustion, takes place only at the cap, so that choking of the extremely fine
apertures in the nozzles is prevented as far as possible. It is advisable to coat or
cover the upper surface of the cap where the condensation of the acid vapours takes
place, that is to say, around the outlet holes, with refractory material, which is
capable of protecting the respective parts of the cap from injurious action.
Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate in section and plan respectively an example of such a
cap. It has a hole at the apex, which hole is surrounded at the upper surface of the
cap by a portion 6s of refractory material. When there are several holes, each hole is
provided with a protective coating of this kind, or the whole upper surface of the
cap may be so coated or covered or the cap may be made of refractory material
throughout.
Fig. 12 shews an arrangeinent corresponding to that shewn in Figs. 11 and 12 in
which the roofs be of the cap bare mounted on radially arranged arms. Fig. 15 shows
an arrangement in which there are two oppositely situated burners each provided
with a cap the arrangement being such that the gas issuing from the two burners
forms a single flame.
Dated this 20th day of December 1896.
A communication from abroad by DR. JOHANN S. BILLWILLER, of Untereggen,
Switzerland, Chemist.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
It is well known that in burning acetylene gas, certain impurities in the gas,
produced during its generation and resulting from inter alia the impurity of the
materials, acid vapours, and especially gaseous phosphoric acid which is usually
deposited at the orifices of the burners, act injuriously upon the material surrounding
the burner-orifices and cause, directly or indirectly, the gradual choking of the outlets
or burner orifices, which are extremely small. Now in order to obviate this drawback,
a burner constructed in accordance with the present invention is provided over the
nozzle with a cap formed with one or more holes or apertures corresponding to the
holes or apertures in the nozzle the first mentioned holes being directed similarly to
the last mentioned holes but being larger than them. The gas issuing from the
holes in the nozzle passes through the corresponding holes in the cap, drawing air
along with it. It then burns only above the outer surface of the cap, so that the
choking of the holes in the nozzle is obviated.
The accompanying drawings represent various burners according to this invention
in each of which there are two arms or nozzles that are so arranged that the gas

page_text: issuing from the two forms a single flame. The application of this invention is, of
course, in no way restricted to burners of this kind, but embraces all conceivable
constructions without exception; for it is immaterial to the invention or its applicability
whether a burner have one or more nozzles, whether these nozzles have each one or
more orifices or holes, in what way the arms or nozzles and their orifices or holes are
mutually arranged, how the arma or nozzles are constructed, and what form their
orifices or holes have. The constructions represented in the accompanying drawings
are merely such as have proved very specially advantageous for practical use and as
have been selected on this ground for illustrating the application of the invention
by way of example.
In the construction shown in Fig. 1 the burner A has two arms a which branch
off laterally from a suitable support or angle-piece and whose upwardly converging
ends are formed as nozzles. Each of these nozzles has an orifice or hole a° and at a
certain distance from and over each of these nozzles there is a conical or other suitably
shaped cap b with an opening or hole b', which corresponds with the opening or hole
in the corresponding nozzle but has a larger diameter (e.g., a three times larger
diameter) than it. Fig. 2 shows one of these caps in plan.
In this construction there is shown, by way of example, a device for fastening these
caps over the nozzles of the burner. Each of the caps has two diametrically arranged
lateral lugs or arms, which have on their under side eyes b' in which engage two
suitably bent supporting hooks c', which are fastened to a ring e. The ring c is.
placed on the nozzle and lies- on a band or projections a' thereof. The caps can,
however, be fastened on the nozzles-in-any other suitable way.
The burner-nozzles advantageously consist-and this applies to all constructions-
of material that is a bad conductor of heat (such, e.g., as German silver, platinum,
steatite or soapstone), which is, precisely adapted for the construction in question.
In the case of the construction shown in Fig. 1, as well as in those of the subsequently
described constructions shown in Fige, 5 to 11 inclusive, it is advantageous always na
regards cheapness and solidity to make the nozzles or the arms a of metal (which
should, of course, be a bad conductor of heat). The cap, on the contrary, consists
of a material that is a good conductor of heat, and indeed of a metal that possesses
this property, as, e.g., silver or copper.
Hereby the condensation of the acid vapours that are formed during the combustion
is limited to the cap, so that also hereby the stopping up of the fiue nozzle-orifices
is prevented as far as possible;
The cap may, on its surface where the condensation of the acid vapours takes place
(ie., around the orifice) be covered with material which is capable of resisting and
which is able to protect the parts in question of the cap from destruction.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate by way of example a way of doing this. They represent,
in plan and in vertical section respectively a cap b whose orifice or hole is
surrounded with a part 6 of material capable of offering resistance. In the case of
severnl orifices such a protecting wall must, of course, be provided around each
opening, or the entire surface of the cap may be covered with such material, or the
cap may consist entirely of such material.
Figs. 5, 6, and 7 show a construction in which the burner has two arms which are
arranged at an angle to each other and whose burner-orifices are directed so as to
converge upwardly. In this case the caps for the two burner-orifices are of plate-
form and are parallel to the burner-arms.
Figs. 5 and 7 show the burner in vertical longitudinal section and in side elevation
respectively and larger than in reality, and
Fig. 6 is a front elevation approximately of the actual size of the burner.
The burner-body A, which is constructed in its lower part in the usual manner-
that is to say, consists of a tubular body with a copical screw-thread on its lower end
-is provided at its upper end with two arms a which are arranged at an angle to
each other and which are formed with the burner-holes a in the upper walls that
face each other. These holes are situated in the vertical central plane of the burner
and are arranged so as to converge from each other, so that the gas issuing from the

page_text: two forms a single flaine. The caps-b for the burner-arms are formed by plates which
are parallel to the arins and have apertures 6° as usual which are situated in the
direction of the burner orifices, but are larger than the latter. These caps or plates-
are in the present construction made in one piece with each other and with the burner
and, in fact, they start froni the place where the two arms diverge. They consequently
form in a certain degree a knee or elbow piece, which is so united with the burner-
arms, which likewise form a knee or elbow piece, that between each cap and the
burner-arm there remains a vacant space a in the form of a notch, which renders
possible the access of air to the burner-orifices or the mixing of the gas and air as
the gus issues from the burner-orifices a, at towards the apertures in the
caps.
In the construction shown in Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive the burner has no tubular
lower part, but the co-operating arins a form the burner-body A direct as a single
piece. This piece consequently has the form of a burner-body, which has two
upwardly diverging passages and a suitable angular notch, whose sides are parallel to
the ends of the passages. The flattened walls of the arms a, which are opposite to
one another and in which the upwardly converging-burner-holes a' are located, have
dovetail-shaped incisions a in which small arched metal plates b are inserted in such
a manner that they, having apertures 6 over the orifices a', form the caps for the
burner i.e., for its arms or nozzles.
Fig. 8 is a cross section, Fig. 9 a side elevation, and Fig. 10 a plan, showing the
burner larger than in-reality, and Fig. 11 is an elevation approximately of the actual
size of the burner.
In the construction shown in Figs. 12 to 15 inclusive the burner-body A has a
conical head a, in which there are provided diametrically opposite to each other two
upwardly divergingly directed passages or perforations a. In these passages or
perforations there are inserted two nozzle-bodies e of steatite or soapstone, which are
of obloug form and have rectangular cross sections,
In these nozzle-bodies: there are bored gas-passages el, into which open the orifices
or holes e, which are upwardly convergingly arranged in the nozzle-walls that are
opposite one another. Over the nozzle-bodies there are pushed caps k, which are
made by bending suitable sheet metal, in such a manner that over the walls
(possessing, the orifices e) of the nozzle-bodies there is in each case a somewhat
upwardly bent circular lug or shield , which serves as a cap and is provided with an
aperture that corresponds with the orifice e but is, however, larger.
Figs. 12 and 13 are respectively a vertical cross section and a side elevation
representing the burner with the two.caps larger than in reality, and
Fig. 14 shows it in approximately the natural size.
The nozzle-bodies are cemented or fastened by other means in the burner-body,
which is made of metal. The caps & are each made of one piece of sheet metal..
Fig. 15 shows a cap of this kind flattened out.
fit tightly on the wall of the
keep the cap firmly fixed
The lateral lugs and the longitudinal lug
nozzle-body and act by their pressure on the wall to
on the nozzle-body.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A gas burner having two oppositely situated arms or nozzles, such that gas
issuing from the two will form a single flaine, the nozzles being inclined to each
other in such a manner that their axis or the axes of the nozzle orifices form a right
angle or approximately a right angle with each other, and that at a certain distance
from and over each nozzle there is arranged a cap or.cover, which is provided with an
aperture situated in the axis of the nozzle-orifice, but larger than the latter, so that
gas issuing from the orifices of the nozzles will pass through the apertures in the
caps or covers, draw with it.the-surrounding air, and burn only above the apertures.

page_text: in the caps or covers, whereby the choking of the fine nozzle-orifices will be
prevented.
2. A gas burner having two oppositely situated arms or nozzles, such that gas
issuing from the two will form a single flame, whilst over each of the nozzles there is
situated a cover or conical cap which is removably mounted on the corresponding arm
or nozzle by means of a suitable device.
3. A gas burner having two oppositely situated arms or nozzles, such that gas
issuing from the two will form a single flame, in which the arms or nozzles are
arranged so as to diverge upwardly and over and parallel to each of these arms or
nozzles there is a plate which serves as a cap and is provided with an aperture that
is situated in the axis of the nozzle-orifice but is larger than the latter, whilst the
plates which constitute the caps, start from the place where the arms branch off and
are formed in one piece with each other and with the body of the burner in such a
manner as to leave a vacant space in the form of a notch or slot between each plate
and the corresponding arm.
4. A gas burner baving two oppositely situated arms or nozzles such that gas
issuing from the two will form a single flame, in which the arins are arranged so as
to diverge upwardly and have slots or projections in or on their walls that are turned
towards each other, into or between which there is inserted in each case a small
convex metal plate which serves as a cap for the respective arm or nozzle and is
provided with an aperture which is situated in the axis of the orifice of the nozzle
but is larger than the said orifice.
5. A gas burner having two oppositely situated arms or nozzles, such that the gas
issuing from the two will form a single flame, in which the nozzles are inserted
separately into corresponding recesses of the body of the burner, and are composed
of steatite or soapstone, whilst the body of the burner is of metal, over each of the
nozzles there being slipped a cap a part of which projects in the mauner of a lug or
shield over the gas outlet-orifice and serves as a cap and is formed with an aperture
that is situated in the axis of the nozzle-orifice but is larger than the latter. -
6. A gas burner in which there is provided over the nozzle a cap or cover having
an aperture which is situated in the axis.of the nozzle-orifice but is larger than the
latter, and in which the nozzle cousists of material that is a bad conductor of heat
(such, for example, as steatite, soapstone, platinum, or German silver) whilst the cap
or cover consists of a material that is a good conductor of heat (such, for example,, as
silver or copper) for the purpose of limiting the condensation of the acid vapours
produced by the combustion to the cap or cover and thereby also obviating the
choking of the nozzle-orifices.
7. A gas burner in which there is arranged above the rozzle a cap or cover having
an aperture which is situated in the axis of the nozzle-or.fice but is larger than the
latter, and in which the cap or cover is covered on the surface around its aperture
with such material, or is composed wholly of such material, as is capable of
withstanding the action of the acid vapours.
1007
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.