Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 10th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 29th Oct.,
1898
I, ADOLPH HAHN, of Narva, in the Empire of Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to an improved steam pump.
The steam cylinder and the pump cylinder are arranged tandem.
The steam cylinder is divided into two parts of equal length the areas of their
cross sections being in the ratio of 1 to 2.
The two pistons are connected by a cylindrical coupling-box through which the
piston rod passes.
In the body of the coupling-box are four passages two always connecting the
smaller cylinder with the groove or steam chamber of an annular slide valve on the
coupling box; the other pair of passages connect the larger cylinder alternately
with the groove of the slide valve during the inward stroke and with the exhaust
port during the outward stroke. At each end of the slide valve is a flange which
comes against a ring separating the cylinders.
Steam under pressure fills the smaller cylinder and enters the steam chamber of
the annular slide-valve through the passages. At the beginning of the outward
stroke the larger cylinder communicates with the steam chamber and steam, passing
to this cylinder, produces on the larger piston a pressure which, being (according
to the ratio of the areas) twice as great as the counter-pressure, on the surface of
the smaller piston moves both pistons outwards. When the flange of the slide
valve strikes against the above mentioned ring, it stops, sliding on the surface of
the coupling box and the motion of the pistons continuing the ports of the passages
are opened to the exhaust and steam is let out from the larger cylinder through the
passages and the exhaust port to the exhaust pipe. Since in consequence of
this exhaust the pressure on the larger piston is reduced to nil, while the pressure
on the smaller piston remains constant both the pistons are moved inwards. In a
similar manner, when the pistons are moving outwards the flange of the slide-valve
stops against the ring and the coupling box continuing to move further, the ports
of the passages again open into the steam chamber of the slide valve and restore
communication between the two cylinders and steam under pressure penetrates to
the larger cylinder.
The pump cylinder is similar in construction to the steam cylinder. An inner
annular partition divides this cylinder also into two parts or cylinders having equal
lengths but different cross sections whose areas are in the ratio of 1 to 2. In these
cylinders are two pistons cast preferably in one piece with their coupling box which
is provided with longitudinal inner passages. The coupling box with its pistons is
secured on the piston rod. In front of the smaller piston is a check-valve closing
the said passages when the pistons move inwards. The play of this valve is
controlled by an adjustable ring, on the piston rod. In a similar manner behind
the larger piston there is a check valve closing longitudinal passages near the
exterior edge of this piston, but leaving the first mentioned passages always

page_text: open. The play of this valve is controlled by a nut on the outer end of the piston
rod.
As the pistons move outwards a vacuum is produced between them causing a
flow of the liquid through the suction pipe; at the same time the liquid in the
larger cylinder flows through the passages in the coupling box past the valve into
the smaller cylinder from whence it is forced to the discharge pipe. As soon as
the direction of the stroke is changed, the valve in front of the small piston closes
and the liquid continues to be forced from the small cylinder to the discharge pipe,
at the same time liquid flows from the space between the pistons through the
passages in the large piston and past its valve to the large cylinder.
The pump just described works wholly satisfactorily under ordinary conditions;
in case however of a considerable steam-expansion or. when several pumps are
connected in a compound system, it is preferable for securing and assisting the
change of stroke of the pump, to provide a balance and counterweight between the
steam and pump cylinders.
The lever of the balance is fulcrummed at its lower end; its middle part is
connected with a cross head in which the outer ends of both the piston rods are
secured. The cross head is connected with the balance lever by means of a sliding
block. The counterweight secured on the upper end of the lever aids and assures
the arrival of the pistons at the end of their stroke in either direction and serves as
a fly wheel.
Dated this 11th day of November 1907
I, ADOLPH HAHN, of Narva, in the Empire of Russia, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
The present invention relates to an improved steam pump, represented in the
accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the pump;
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section on the line y-y Figure 2;
Figure 2 a cross section of the steam cylinder on the line x-x Figure 1;
Figure 3 a cross section of the water cylinder on the line z-z Figure 1.
The pump forming the object of this invention has two cylinders; the steam
cylinder A and pump cylinder B, which are arranged tandem with a common axis,
and cast preferably in a single piece with the frame C. Between both the cylinders
is a swinging lever or balance D provided at its upper end with a counterweight
and handle and connected with the piston rods of both the cylinders by means of a
cross head all.
The balance D and the piston rods g and m¹ are the sole exterior moving parts
of the apparatus.
The steam cylinder A is divided into two parts or chambers c¹ and c² of equal
length but of different cross section, so that the areas have a ratio of 1 to 2.
In the two cylinder chambers c¹ and c² are two pistons d¹ and d², connected by a
coupling box e of cylindrical form except at its back end which is slightly coned
and receives the piston d². The piston rod g passes through the coupling box and
both the pistons, and is provided with a coned shoulder h forming a stop for the

page_text: piston d¹; the pistons are fixed on the rod by a disc f and a nut i screwed on the
outer end of the piston rod. The cylinder A is closed at either end by covers k¹
and 2, the first of which has a stuffing box for the passage of the piston rod g.
In the body of the coupling boxe are provided four holes or channels mm and n n
arranged at angles of 90° to each other. The holes m m constantly connect the
chamber c¹ with the groove or steam chamber o of the annular distributing slide valvep;
the holes nn on the contrary connect alternatively the chamber c² either with the
groove o of the slide valve p during the stroke from the left to the right (Figure 1)
or with the exhaust port u during the opposite stroke of the pistons. At the sides
of the groove or steam chamber of the slide valve are two annular metallic anti-
friction packings ql q2 and the ends of the slide valve p have flanges which
stop alternatively during the travel of the pistons against a diaphragm s fixed at the
middle of the cylinder by screws tt (Figure 2).
The lower part of the cylinder is provided with an exhaust port u communicating
with the exhaust pipe ".
Steam under pressure enters by the pipe a and annular space surrounding the
cylinder c¹ into that cylinder and penetrates through the holes m m in the steam
chamber o of the annular slide valve p. When the slide valve lies in the position
shown at Figure 1, the ports of the holes n n communicate with the steam chamber o
and steam passing to the chamber c² of the cylinder, produces ou the piston d² a
pressure (owing to the ratio of the areas) twice as great as the counter pressure ou
the surface of the piston and the two pistons therefore move to the right
(Figure 1). When the flange 21 of the slide valve strikes the diaphragın s the
valve stops, sliding on the surface of the coupling box e and the motion of the pistons
continuing the ports of the holes n n are uncovered and steam is let out from the
chamber c² through the holes n n and the port u to the exhaust pipe v. Since in
consequence of this exhaust the pressure on the piston 2 is reduced to nil whilst
the pressure on the piston d¹ remains constant, both the pistons are now moved in
the opposite direction. In a similar manner when the pistons are moving to the
left, the flange 2 of the slide valve p stops on the diaphragm s and the coupling
box e continuing to move further, the ports of the holes n n enter again into com-
munication with the steam chamber o of the slide valve p which re-opens the
communication between both the chambers c¹ and c² of the cylinder and the steam
under pressure which always fills the chamber c¹ penetrates to the chamber c² and
so on.
The pump cylinder B has substantially the same construction as the steam
cylinder A. An inner annular partition divides this cylinder also into two parts
or chambers c₁ and c₂, having equal lengths, but different cross sections, their
areas having a ratio of 1 to 2. In these chambers are two pistons d₁ and d₁₁
cast preferably in one piece with their coupling box which is provided with
longitudinal inner holes f¹ f¹. The coupling box with its pistons is secured on the
piston rod m against the coned shoulder n of the rod. In front of the piston d₂¹
on the piston rod m¹ slides a check valve ¹ covering the holes f¹ when the pistons
move to the left.
1
The play of this valve is controlled by an adjustable ring on the piston rod. In
a similar manner behind the piston d₁ the piston rod m¹ is provided with a check
valve covering the longitudinal holes g¹ near the exterior edge of this piston,
but leaving constantly open the holes f¹. The play of the valve is controlled by
the nut p on the outer end of the piston rod m¹. The liquid is sucked through
the pipe a¹ and port 6' and forced through the pipe i¹.
As the piston moves from the left to the right (Figure 1) in the middle part of
the cylinder B a vacuum is produced causing a suction of liquid through the
port b and suction pipe a¹; at the same time the water filling the chamber c, lifts
the valve and flows through the holes f¹ into the left chamber c, from whence
it is forced through the annular space surrounding the inner partition of this
chamber to the discharge pipe ¿¹.

page_text: When the direction of the pistons is changed, the valve closes and the liquid
continues to be forced from the chamber c¹ to the discharge pipe , the valve l¹
lifting and the liquid passing into the chamber c¹ through the holes g¹ of the
piston d₁ and so on.
The tightness of the sliding surfaces of the pistons d₁ and d¹ is secured by a
tallowed hemp coil filling the spiral grooves ₁₁₁₁ cut in the surfaces of the
pistons, leather collars or the like may also be used for this purpose.
The pump just described works very satisfactorily under ordinary conditions,
but in case of a considerable steam expansion, or if several pumps are connected
in a compound system, it is desirable for securing and assisting the change of
stroke to provide an overturned balance and counter-weight as shown.
The lever e¹ of the balance D is fulcrumed at its lower end on a stud f its
middle is connected with a cross head a¹¹, in which the outer ends of both the
piston rods g ml are secured by means of keys cl and c¹¹. The cross head all is
connected with the forked lever e¹¹ by means of a sliding block du and its two
studs or trunnions. The counterweight secured on the upper end of the lever ell
aids in the last part of the movement of the pistons and ensures their reaching
the extreme end of their strokes in either direction and serves as a fly wheel.
The pump forming the object of this invention offers the following
advantages:
a). Cheapness in prime cost and maintenance, all the parts being solids of
revolution, suitable for making in a lathe.
6). Considerable efficiency owing to the lessening of injurious spaces in the steam
cylinder and pump cylinder.
c). Simple construction, securing a very long life, reducing the costs of
maintenance and allowing of rapid repairs of the mechanism in case of damage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
:-
1. The combination of a pump and a steam motor having two differentiated
cylinders connected together and an annular slide valve, sliding on a connecting
box uniting the differential pistons substantially as described.
2. The pump proper consisting of two differentiated cylinders and pistons
provided with longitudinal holes forming passages for the liquid and check valves
closing the said holes, substantially as described.
3. The regulator, consisting in an overturned balance, serving to control the
motion of the direct acting mechanism and acting as a fly wheel, substantially as
described.
4. Steam pumps substantially as described and shewn in the drawings.