IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR ROLLING LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Barford, of the Firm of Amies and Barford,
of Peterborough, in the County of Northampton, Agricultural Implement
Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR ROLLING LAND."
Sealed the 8th July 1862, and dated the 17th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said William Barford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1862.
I, WILLIAM BARFORD, of the Firm of Amies and Barford, of Peterborough,
in the County of Northampton, Agricultural Implement Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR ROLLING
LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rollers for rolling land.
For these purposes in constructing a roller (whether consisting of one or more
cylinders) in order that the same may be weighted with water more advan-
tageously than heretofore, each roller or section of a roller is closed at its ends
the ends being connected by a suitable tube or hollow passage to allow of the
axle passing through it. The ends of the tubular passage are strengthened or
bushed where they receive and turn on the axle. The cylinder or cylinders
used in constructing a roller may be of wrought or cast iron, and such is the
case in respect to the ends or covers. These parts are put together water-tight,
and such is the case in respect to the tubular or hollow passage which connects

page_text: the two covers or ends of a roller or of a section of a roller. Each roller or
section of a roller has an opening in it through which the supply of water is
introduced, and such opening is closed by a screw plug or by other convenient
instrument. By these means each roller and section of a roller consists of a
vessel closed at each end, with a hollow passage through the centre thereof,
whereby the supply of water introduced for adding weight thereto may rise
above the axle, and even fill the roller or sections of which a roller is composed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Barford in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BARFORD, of the Firm of Amies and Barford, of Peterborough, in the County
of Northampton, Agricultural Implement Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Barford, Her special licence that I, the said William
Barford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Barford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Bri-
tain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR ROLLING LAND," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Barford, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Barford, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rollers for rolling land.

page_text: For these purposes in constructing a roller (whether consisting of one or more.
cylinders) in order that the same may be weighted with water more advan-
tageously than heretofore, each roller or section of a roller is closed at its ends,
the ends being connected by a suitable tube or hollow passage to allow of the
axle passing through it. The ends of the tubular passage are strengthened or
bushed where they receive and turn on the axle. The cylinder or cylinders
used in constructing a roller may be of wrought or cast iron, and such is the
case in respect to the ends or covers. These parts are put together water-
tight, and such is the case in respect to the tubular or hollow passage which
connects the two covers or ends of a roller or of a section of a roller. Each
roller or section of a roller has an opening in it, through which the supply of
water is introduced, and such opening is closed by a screw plug or by other,
convenient instrument. By these means each roller and section of a roller
consists of a vessel closed at each end with a hollow passage through the
centre thereof, whereby the supply of water introduced for adding weight
thereto may rise above the axle, and even fill the roller or sections of which a
roller is composed.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a back elevation of a roller consisting of two sections or
cylinders; Figure 2 is a side elevation of the roller; Figure 3, a transverse
section thereof, and Figure 4, a longitudinal section thereof.
The Drawings show the roller to be made of wrought iron rivetted together,
but cast iron may be used in the construction thereof, care being observed in
forming and in putting the parts together; the roller is made water-tight.
Each of the two sections of which the roller shown in the Drawing is composed
is similarly constructed, and each section consists of a cylinder a, a, having two
ends b, b, which are shown to be dished or raised at the edges to form flanges,
but in place thereof angle iron may be used, or the parts may be otherwise
formed and put together so long as they are rendered water-tight; c, c, are
screw plugs at the openings where the sections of the rollers are filled with
water. These plugs are by preference made of brass, the thickness of the iron
being greater where such plugs are applied than at other parts. The position.
of the plug holes may be varied. In order to prevent the effects of frost, the
water used may be mixed with salt or other matters to prevent freezing; d, d,
are tubes which connect the ends b, b, of the cylinders together, and thus are
passages formed through the roller to receive the axle e. These tubes are

page_text: fixed water-tight in the ends b, b, of the cylinders, and they are bushed at their
ends where they rest on the axle. The tubes are of larger diameter than the
axle, and they are preferred to be fixed water-tight by steel ferrules; f, f, are
grease boxes to lubricate the ends of the axle; g, g, are the end framings, and
h, h, are the shafts. It will be evident that rollers each having one cylinder
and rollers consisting of more than two cylinders or sections may be constructed.
The Drawings show a roller constructed to be drawn by horse power; when
constructed for garden purposes an ordinary handle will be applied to each
roller.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any of
the parts separately, but what I claim is the mode of combining the parts
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Barford, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
WILLIAM BARFORD. (L.S.)