IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MILLS
Year: 1884

page_text: I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47 Museum Street Oxford Street in the
Parish of Bloomsbury and county of Middlesex Civil Engineer and Patent Agent
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
WIND MILLS a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Tivole Gentleman
of the city of Lyon in the Republic of France to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a novel description of wind mill, whose object is the
transmission of the force acquired by its rotary motion and the employment of
this force for various purposes, especially in raising or pumping water.
The frame consists of metal or wooden beams firmly fixed in the earth, and
strengthened by cross bars; the whole forming a truncated cone of open frame
work.
In the centre of this frame a vertical shaft revolves, the upper part turning in
a cavity serving as grease box, whilst its lower end pivots in a socket mounted
on a central beam crossing the frame at its lower portion.
At this end of the shaft a movable cylinder or drum is mounted, to this a counter-
poise or weighted lever is connected by means of a short oscillating arm. A cord
or chain is wound round this drum and when it rests on the arm of the lever it
causes it to oscillate, which has the effect of freeing a projection on a disk (placed.
above the cylinder) from a notel in the cylinder, and the cord then unwinds till it
leaves the weighted lever, and when the cylinder again comes in contact with the
projection it is again wound round the drum; this alternate winding and unwinding
of the chain or cord (one end of which communicates with the piston of a pump)
thus actuates the piston for drawing up or pumping water.
In the centre of the vertical shaft is a boss from which the arms of the mill
radiate, and to which are connected (in lieu of sweeps or sails) frames or wings
formed like shutters, each of which bears two or more flaps covered or not with
cloth, these oscillate on their axes arranged eccentrically with the centres of the
flaps, which latter are united by chains and weights which are more or less raised
or lowered on the chains according to the power desired to be obtained from the
wings or shutters.

page_text: The arms of the wings are supported by chains, one end of each of which is
attached to the extremity of one of the arms nearest the wing or shutter, whilst
the other end is fastened above to a movable collar at the head of the vertical
shaft.
The vane is mounted at one end of a beam passing horizontally across the head
of the mill. At the other end of this beam is a large shutter composed of a frame
containing a number of flaps, this shutter descends from the horizontal beam by
means of supports connected thereto, and occupies a position in advance of the
wings of the mill and extending above and below them. This shutter acts as a
guide in directing the full force of the wind on the greatest surface of the wings.
The action of the mill is as follows: when faced to the wind one or more of the
flaps of the advanced shutter or guide are opened and the wind passing through
strikes the surface of the flaps opposite it, this force is more or less powerful
according to the position the weights occupy on the chains of each flap. This
exercise of the winds' power on the surface of the wings causes them to revolve,
and in so doing they leave the course of the wind and become almost parallel to its
direction instead of having these surfaces perpendicular to it.
The mill is stopped by a brake and levers actuating it for lifting the weights
and so liberating or loosening the wings.
For very large mills the wings can be carried lower down, so as to run on a
circular rail,
From the above description of the apparatus it may readily be conceived that
force may be transmitted from the mill direct from the vertical shaft by any
convenient method such as gear work or endless bands.
Dated this 1st December 188A

page_text: I ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 47 Museum Street Oxford Street in the
Parish of Bloomsbury and county of Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDMILLS,
a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Tivole, Gentleman of the city of
Lyon in the Republic of France and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to a novel description of wind mill whose object is the
transmission of the force acquired by its rotary motion, and the employment of
this force for various purposes especially in raising or pumping water.
Fig. 1 is a vertical projection. Fig. 2 a like view in section. Fig. 3 being a
horizontal projection of a windmill embodying my invention, the same letters of
reference indicate like parts in the several figures.
The frame work consists of metal or wooden beams firmly fixed in the earth,
and strengthened by cross bars, the whole forming a truncated cone of open
frame work.
In lieu of sails or sweeps, a variable number of wings in the form of shutters
are employed, which are actuated only when facing the direction of the wind, that
is to say they place themselves perpendicularly with it returning in a parallel
position to it.
In the centre of the frame B, a vertical shaft A revolves, the upper part turning
in a cavity serving as grease box, whilst its lower end pivots in a socket mounted
on a central beam crossing the frame at its lower portion. At this end of the shaft
a movable cylinder b or drum is mounted, to this a counterpoise or weighted lever c
is connected by means of a short oscillating arm c¹. A cord or chain is wound
round this drum, and when it rests on the arm of the lever it causes it to oscillate,
which has the effect of freeing a projection on a disk e (placed above the cylinder)
from a notch in the cylinder and the cord then unwinds till it leaves the weighted
lever, and when the cylinder again comes in contact with the projection it is again
wound round the drum, this alternate winding and unwinding of the chain or cord
(one end of which communicates with the piston of a pump) thus actuates the
piston for drawing up water.
In the centre of the vertical shaft is a boss a, from which the arms of the mill
radiate, and to which are connected (in lieu of sweeps or sails) frames or wings C,
formed like shutters, each of which bears two or more flaps g, covered or not with
cloth, these oscillate on their axes arranged excentrically with the centres of the
flaps, which are united by chains E, and weights which are more or less raised or
lowered on the chains according to the power desired to be obtained from the
wings or shutters.
The arms of the wings are supported by chains D, one end of each of which
is attached to the extremity of one of the arms nearest the wing or shutter
whilst the other end is fastened above to a movable collar at the head of the
vertical shaft.

page_text: The vane is mounted at one end of a beam passing horizontally across the head
of the mill. At the other end of this beam is a large shutter composed of a frame
containing a number of flaps, this shutter descends from the horizontal beam by
means of supports connected thereto and occupies a position in advance of the
wings of the mill and extending above and below thein. This shutter acts as a
guide in directing the full force of the wind on the greatest surface of the wings.
The action of the mill is as follows, when faced to the wind, one or more of the
flaps of the advanced shutter or guide are opened and the wind passing through
strikes the surface of the flaps opposite it, this force is more or less powerful
according to the position the weights occupy on the chains of each fap.
This exercise of the winds power on the surface of the wings causes them to
revolve, and in so doing they leave the course of the wind and become almost
parallel to its direction instead of having their surfaces perpendicular to it.
The mill is stopped by a brake and levers actuating it for lifting the weights,
and so liberating or loosening the wings.
For very large mills the wings can be carried lower down so as to run on a
circular rail.
From the preceding- description of the apparatus it may readily be conceived
that power may be transmitted from the mill direct from the vertical shaft by
any convenient ineans, such as wheel work or endless bands.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st The construction of the windmill herein described (either with or without
the vane and large shutter) with flaps oscillating in frames, the latter held by
chains, and regulating weights, or by a single chain and weight.
2nd The use and construction of the movable cylinder or drum, with counterpoise
or weighted lever in combination with the short oscillating arm and cord and chain,
and disk, the whole as and for the purposes herein before described.
Dated this twenty first day of August 1885.