Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction of Metal Barrels and other similar Vessels.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Nov., 1890-Accepted, 19th Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction of Metal Barrels
and other similar Vessels.
I, DAVID CAIRD, of Todbusk, Ulverston, in the County of Lancaster, Ship-
builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture or construction of barrels and other
similar vessels from metal such for example as steel. I make the body part of the
barrel or vessel in one continuous piece and of barrel or cylindrical shape or of
other desired conformation with strengthening ribs or projections so distributed as
These
to give the greatest strength at the parts most subjected to strain or wear.
ribs are preferably made as internal ribs extending round the internal circumference
of the barrel. The body part may be made by rolling or otherwise.
I make the heads of metal, and they may be strengthened with annular and
concentric channels or corrugations or ribs. The heads are joined to the body
part by a projection (of V or other form) on the one engaging with a corresponding
groove or recessed part in the other and by turning up a rim on the head which
rim lies against and inside the projecting end part of the body of the barrel or
vessel; a portion of the said projecting end part being first folded inwards and
the said rim and the end part being then folded inwards together the one over the
other.
The rim on the head is preferably made of less extent than the end part of the
body which is to be engaged with it; the latter can thus be folded over the edge
of the former and then both can be folded together so that the turned in part shall
bear on the head and constitute the chime of the barrel or vessel.
At each end of the body part a hoop is shrunk on it being preferably fixed and
held in position by the projection of V or other form hereinbefore described.
The openings for the introduction and withdrawal of the contents can be made by
removing so much of the metal (of the body part or head, or of both as the case
may be) as is necessary at the parts where openings are to be formed and then
turning the metal in; the opening thus formed may be bushed and the bush be
secured by solder. In these bushes plugs or lids may be screwed or otherwise
secured, and in order to protect these plugs or lids from injury the metal of the
body or head or both where the plugs or lids are applied may be depressed below
the general level of the other parts of the body or head so that the plugs or lids
when in place shall be below the said level.
To give a tight closure of the plugs or lids there may be a washer between their
flanges and the tops of the bushes or some other part of the surrounding metal and
these parts may have respectively a groove and a projection so that the washer
shall be forced into the groove by the projection when the plug or lid is closed.
Barrels or vessels made as herein before described are stronger and lighter and
have greater capacity relatively to their bulk and weight than barrels or vessels of
the ordinary construction.
Dated this 20th day of January
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture or Construction of Metal Barrels
and other similar Vessels.
I, DAVID CAIRD of Todbusk Ulverston in the County of Lancaster do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
My invention relates to the manufacture or construction of barrels and other
similar vessels from metal, such for example as steel. I make the body part of the
barrel or vessel in one continuous piece and of barrel or cylindrical shape or of
other desired conformation with strengthening ribs or projections, so distributed
as to give the greatest strength at the parts most subjected to strain or wear.
These ribs are preferably made as internal ribs extending round the internal
circumference of the barrel.
I make the heads of metal and they may be strengthened with annular and
concentric channels or corrugations or ribs. The heads are joined to the body part
and the chime of the barrel formed preferably as hereinafter described.
At each end of the body part a hoop is shrunk on it being preferably fixed and
held in position as hereinafter explained.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a longitudinal mid-section of a metal
barrel constructed in accordance with my invention in its most approved form., a is
the body part of the barrel; this body part has strengthening ribs or projections bb
extending round its internal circumference and so distributed as to give the greatest
strength at the parts most subjected to strain or wear. The position and form of
these ribs or projections can obviously be very considerably varied, more particularly
at the middle of the body part.
Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 illustrate some of the many practicable forms of the
variation.
The body part a with its ribs or projections bb is made of one continuous piece
of mild steel or other suitable metal and for the purpose of manufacturing it I
preferably take a hollow ingot or weldless tube and roll it out on a mandrel which
has indentations corresponding with the ribs to be formed.
The cylinder thus rolled out and while still on the mandrel is put between rolls
and expanded, as will be well understood, the rolls being plain (or having slight
swells corresponding with the indentations of the mandrel) unless it be required to
form external ribs on the vessel to be manufactured. Then if the vessel is to be of
barrel form I put the cylinder as produced by the rolls into a bellying machine to
give it the required shape. Instead of making the body part from a hollow ingot
or weldless tube as above explained I can make it from a welded tube which I put
on a mandrel and then submit to the various operations above explained.
Although it is preferred for most purposes to make the body part with internal
strengthening ribs it may be made with external ribs instead thereof or with both
internal and external ribs. And the ribs instead of adding to the thickness of the
metal at the parts where they exist may consist of corrugations as shown in Figure 6
(either internal as illustrated or external) but in this case it is desirable to roll the
body part thicker at and near the middle than at and near the ends as seen in the
figure.
cc are the barrel heads or ends; they each consist of a metal plate strengthened
with annular and concentric channels or corrugations d d the number of which can
obviously be varied. The heads are secured to the body part a in the manner
illustrated in Figures 7 to 12. The heade has a turned up rim e Figure 7 and
the body part has a projection f in the form of a corrugation which engages with
the angle or corner formed by turning up the rim, the rim e lying against the
projecting end part g of the body a as seen in Figure 7 and the projecting end g
being of greater extent than the rim e. The end g is then turned over the edge of
the rim first as shown in Figure 8 then as in Figure 9; next the end g and rim e

page_text: g
are folded inwards together first as in Figure 10 then as in Figure 11 and finally as
in Figure 12 so as to bear upon the head c and constitute the chime. An alternative
mode of securing the heads to the body part is shown in Figures 13 to 19. In this
case the rim e is of greater extent than the projecting end 9 of the body part as
seen in Figure 13. It is turned over the end g first as shown in Figure 14, then as
in Figure 15; next the rim e and end a are folded together into the successive forms
shown respectively in Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19, Figure 19 showing the final form.
The heads c c having been secured to the body part a and the chime formed as
above described I next shrink on to each end of the barrel or vessel a hoop h,
Figure 1, which is securely held in position by a corrugation thereon engaging
with the corrugation of the body part a. Other analogous means of securing the
hoop may be adopted such for example as a V-shaped projection around the body
part a, and a corresponding recess around the inside of the hoop ; in this case the
angle or corner of the head c formed by turning up the rim e can be made of V-form
so as to engage with the inside of the V around the body part a.
The openings for the introduction and withdrawal of the contents of the barrels
or vessels can be made either in the body part a or in one of the heads c, or in both
the body part and head as may be required for the particular purpose for which
the barrel is to be employed. The said openings can be formed in any suitable
way and be fitted with any suitable devices for closing them. They can for
example be formed as shown in Figure 1 in which a part of one of the heads is
removed at the place where the opening is required and the edge of the metal
around the hole thus made is turned in as shown at j. This turned-in part ; can
either be screw threaded as shown or be fitted with a bush, or it may be left plain
and a plug or lid k of corresponding form is fixed therein. In order to protect the
plugs from injury more particularly when they are inserted into openings in the
middle of the body part a of the barrel the metal of the body part where the opening
is formed can be depressed below the general level of the other parts as for example
in the manner seen in Figure 20 so that the plug when in place shall be below the
said level. To give a tight closure of the plugs or lids a washer can be placed
between their flanges and the tops of the bushes or some part of the surrounding
metal. In any suitable part of the barrel or vessel a hole may be made for a vent
peg or for a spring vent valve.
Barrels or vessels made as hereinbefore described are stronger and lighter and
have greater capacity relatively to their bulk and weight than barrels or vessels of
the ordinary construction.
And having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a metal barrel or other similar vessel, a body part rolled in one piece from
a hollow ingot or weldless tube or from a welded tube and having internal or
external or both internal and external strengthening ribs or projections or having
corrugations, the said ribs, projections, or corrugations being produced simultaneously
with the rolling of the body part substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a metal barrel or other similar vessel the combination with a body part
manufactured or constructed as described in Claim 1 of heads or ends having annular
and concentric strengthening corrugations or ribs substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. The modes or methods substantially as hereinbefore described of fixing the
heads or ends of a metal barrel or other similar vessel to the body part.
4. Constructing metal barrels and other similar vessels substantially as hereinbefore
described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
Deted this 20th dow of November 1800
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent.