IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS POR MALTING'OR DRYING BARLEY, PART OF WHICH MEANS AND APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Schofield, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Plumber, and Joshua Caleb Dawson, also of Leeds, in the County of
York, Publican, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS
POR MALTING'OR DRYING BARLEY, PART OF WHICH MEANS AND APPARATUS
IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
We, JAMES SCHOFIELD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Plumber, and
JOSHUA CALEB DAWSON, also of Leeds, in the County of York, Publican, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS AND

page_text: APPARATUS FOR MALTING' OR DRYING BARLEY, PART OF WHICH MEANS AND
APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The primary object of our Invention is to malt or dry barley on a superior
plan, and more economical method than that in general use. For this purpose
under the dryhouse floor we place one or more series of layers or coils of pipes;
these pipes we heat by means of steam supplied from a steam boiler, causing
such steam to circulate rapidly through the pipes, and thus heat the atmo-
sphere surrounding them and passing through the dryhouse floor, where the
barley to be "malted" is laid. By this method we avoid the sulphurous
action upon the malt caused by the present system. The rapid and constant
circulation of the steam is effected by causing it after passing from the boiler
and through the pipes to return into the boiler again through a return pipe,
instead of condensing it or permitting it to blow into the outer air; and we
accomplish this by means of a small cock placed upon the return pipe by
means of which we blow out the atmosphere accumulated in the pipe into the
outer air. The cock being closed, a continuous circulation of steam and
economy of fuel are obtained. This part of our Invention, whereby steam is
economized by repeated re-use, is applicable to steam drying and heating
purposes generally.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said James Schofield
and Joshua Caleb Dawson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
SCHOFIELD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Plumber, and JOSHUA CALEB
DAWSON, also of Leeds, in the County of York, Publican, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said James Schofield and Joshua Caleb Dawson, Her special licence
that we, the said James Schofield and Joshua Caleb Dawson, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James
Schofield and Joshua Caleb Dawson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and

page_text: lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR MALTING OR DRYING BARLEY, PART
OF WHICH MEANS AND APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Schofield and Joshua
Caleb Dawson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office on or before the Twenty-fourth day of January One thou-
sand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Schofield and Joshua Caleb
Dawson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
The primary object of our Invention is to "malt" or dry barley on a superior
plan, and by a more economical method than that in general use. For this
purpose under the dryhouse floor we place one or more series or coils of pipes,
which are heated by means of steam supplied from a steam boiler, which will
cause the steam to circulate rapidly through the pipes which pass through or
under the dryhouse floor where the barley to be "malted" is laid; the atmo-
sphere surrounding the pipes will be heated, and will operate on the malt on
the floor. By this method the action of the sulphur (evolved from the coals)
upon the malt as is the case in the present system is avoided. The rapid and
constant circulation of the steam is effected by causing it, after passing from
the boiler and through the pipes, to return into the boiler again through a
return pipe, instead of condensing it or permitting it to blow into the outer air.
This object is accomplished by means of a small cock placed upon the return
pipe, by means of which we blow out the atmospheric air accumulated in the
pipe into the outer air. Upon closing this cock a continuous circulation of
steam and an economy of fuel are obtained. This part of our Invention,
whereby steam is economized by repeated re-use, is applicable to steam drying
and heating purposes generally.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a plan view, and Fig. 2 a side
elevation, of the apparatus constructed according to our Invention, and
adapted for heating the floor of a drying house for malting barley.

page_text: A is a boiler of any ordinary construction for generating steam. The steam
when generated escapes from the boiler, and enters a series of horizontal pipes
or tubes C, C, C, which are provided near the boiler with a stop-cock B,
whereby the quantity of steam, and consequently the amount of heat to be
given off from the pipes or tubes C, C, C, may be regulated to the exact
point which may be desirable. The system of pipes or tubes C, C, C, together
with the two side pipes or tubes C¹, C¹, is open throughout its whole extent,
so that when the steam from the boiler is allowed to escape through the cock B
it will fill the entire system of pipes or tubes, and produces an equal tempera-
ture throughout them. This system of pipes or tubes is fixed under the floor
of the room to be heated, and thus produces the heat requisite for malting or
drying barley, or for any other purpose for which the heating of a room may
be required; it may also be applied for boiling purposes in brewing and
similar operations. Underneath the system of pipes or tubes is laid a pipe or
tube marked D, D, D, in the Drawing, which is in fact a return pipe, and its
inner end extends nearly to the bottom of the boiler. The steam is conveyed
back into the boiler A by means of this pipe D, which is provided with an air
cock E, which being opened at the commencement of the working the apparatus
allows the air which has been both in the system of tubes and in the pipes or
tubes D, D, to escape. As soon as the air from the pipes has escaped the tap
or cock E is closed, and upon opening the stop cock F the steam which has
been condensed by the passage through the tubes is allowed to re-enter the
boiler in the state of heated water, where it will be again converted into
steam at a much less expenditure of fuel than would be required if the boiler
were kept supplied with cold water. It is also obvious that there will be a
great economy in the use of water; in fact, if the boiler be half filled when
the apparatus is set to work the supply will last for many days without any
fresh supply, during the whole of which time the steam can be maintained at
a bigh pressure. The stop-cock F is affixed upon the tube D, D, in order to
close the same in case of any accident, or whenever from any other cause it
may be desired to cease working the apparatus.
Having described our Invention of "Improved Means and Apparatus for
Malting or Drying Barley, and having explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us by Letters Patent
as aforesaid, the construction, arrangement, and combination of apparatus
herein set forth by means of which the steam is made to circulate under the
floor, and is then conveyed in the shape of heated water back again into the
boiler.

page_text: We also claim the application of heated steam, as herein set forth in the
drying and malting of barley.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Schofield and Joshua Caleb
Dawson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-third day
of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight.
JAMES SCHOFIFLD.
(L.B.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
said
James
Schofield and
Joshua Caleb Dawson in my
presence,
EDWARD WHITELEY,
JOSHUA CALEB DAWSON. (L.B.)
Clerk to Messrs. Richardson & Turner,
Solicitors,
Leeds.