Year: 1886

page_text: the water in which the compound is to be used, and in boilers in which a crust is
already formed the thickness of same is taken into account when fixing the
proportions of the ingredients.
This variation of quantities is necessarily almost unlimited as will readily be
understood from the wide and almost endless differences existing in the pro-
portions in which crust forming salts are found in the waters of different localities,
and the proportions of the compound are determined by a careful analysis which I
make in each case of the water and by the amount of sulphate of lime, soda,
magnesia, chloride of sodium, silica, alumina, iron, etc, contained therein. In many
instances therefore this variation of the composition is such as to result in the
formation of a compound which upon cooling does not solidify as before set forth
but remains in a fluid or semi-fluid condition.
In whatever state, the solubility of the compound in hot or cold water renders
it easy of application and it may either be introduced to the boiler through the
manhole in such quantity as is required for a given time or it may be added
occasionally in small quantities through the feed water tank or by means of an
injector fixed upon the top of the boiler.
•
When introduced into the boiler the compound becomes diffused throughout the
water and combining mechanically with the earthy matters held in suspension.
therein its constituents react upon the calcareous ingredients resulting in a chemical
interchange and the production of a soft plastic mass. Should there be any
residue of scale forming substances unattacked by the compound these are so
enveloped in its vegetable and other glutinous constituents as to be prevented
from adhering to each other, and be caused to remain in a soft plastic condition
in which state at the time of cleaning the boiler they may without difficulty be
washed out.
"
By the improved compound calcareous deposits are not only prevented from
forming a hard crust within the boiler but the incrustation already formed is
acted upon powerfully by the glycerine which gradually insinuates itself between
the plates of the boiler and the "crust" this resulting eventually in the detaching
of the incrustation in large flakes or scales.

page_text: ΥΠΟΓΟΝ
Valonia.
Powdered Nut Galls or other finely powdered vegetable matter,
containing Tannic Acid.
Chestnut Pitch Extract.
After the addition of these ingredients the mixture is further boiled until the
whole is converted into a homogeneous mass.
While in this condition there are added the following substances, each in
Bolution.
Carbonate of Potash.
Chloride of Potash..
Silicate of Soda.
Chestnut Flour or other farinaceous flours, and
lastly, in some cases, Glycerine.
:
These being added the mixture is converted into a pasty mass which upon cooling
may either solidify and be cut in "squares" or "bricks" or, as hereinafter set forth.
may remain in a fluid or semi-fluid condition.
The quantities of the various ingredients above enumerated are varied according
to the quantity and nature of the scale forming impurities which are present in
the water in which the compound is to be used, and in boilers in which a crust is
already formed the thickness of same is taken into account when fixing the
proportions of the ingredients.
This variation of quantities is necessarily almost unlimited as will readily be
understood from the wide and almost endless differences existing in the pro-
portions in which crust forming. salts are found in the waters of different localities,
and it is to be understood that I do not confine myself to any proportion as these
must be and are determined by a careful analysis which I make in each case of

page_text: the water and by the amount of sulphate of lime, soda, magnesia chloride of
sodium, silica, alumina, iron etc contained therein. In many instances therefore
this variation of the composition is such as to result in the formation of a
compound which upon cooling does not solidify as before set forth but remains in
a fluid or semi-fluid condition.
In whatever state, the solubility of the compound in hot or cold water renders
it easy of application and it may either be introduced to the boiler through the
manhole in such quantity as is required for a given time or it may be added
occasionally in small quantities through the feed water tank or by means of an
injector fixed upon the top of the boiler.
When introduced into the boiler the compound becomes diffused throughout
the water and combining mechanically with the earthy matters held in suspension
therein its constituents re-act upon the calcareous ingredients resulting in a
chemical interchange and the production of a soft plastic mass. Should there be
any residue of scale forming substances unattacked by the compound these are so
enveloped in its vegetable and other glutinous constituents as to be prevented from
adhering to each other, and be caused to remain in a soft plastic condition in
which state at the time of cleaning the boiler they may without difficulty be
washed out.
Although as before stated I do not confine myself to proportions I have found
that in many cases the following proportions of the ingredients mentioned have
given good results in practice, vizt.
Esparto pulp
40 parts.
Nut Galls or other vegetable matter containing tannic acid
Chestnut Pitch Extract
20 parts.
-
20 parts.
Carbonate of Potash
10 parts.
Chloride of Potash
10 parte.
->
Silicate of Soda
10 parts.
Chestnut flour or other farinaceous flour
20 parts.
And when Glycerine is used about 2 parts the quantity of Valonia being
determined by the nature of the water.
By the improved compound calcareous deposits are not only prevented from
forming a hard crust within the boiler but the incrustation already formed is
powerfully acted upon and eventually detached in large flakes or scales.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
For the prevention and removal of incrustation in steam boilers the compound
hereinbefore described.