Apparatus for Preventing Explosions of Boilers for Kitchen Ranges.
Year: 1894

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Preventing Explosions of Boilers for Kitchen Ranges.
I HENRY CLAY of 7 Grant Street Liverpool in the County of Lancashire, Hot
Water Engineer and Plumber do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
I
The object of my invention is to prevent explosion in boilers or fittings used for
supplying hot water from kitchen ranges for domestic purposes. I provide a
separate inner chamber fixed in the centre of the cylinder ordinarily provided, and
an arrangement of pipes devised to supply, circulate, and distribute the water.
also affix a casing pipe or support to the inner chamber or cylinder.
The arrangement is applicable to all sizes and shapes of tanks and cylinders used
for hot water storage.
Water is heated in the boiler in the usual way and the
heated water is conveyed by the circulating pipes to an inner cylinder where it
is surrounded by a body of water contained in the outer cylinder which absorbs
its heat, when it is returned to the boiler to be reheated. The boiler cannot
generate any additional pressure to that due to the head of water from the small
regulating cistern, which will be from six to ten feet only. If the pipes above the
cylinder are frozen heat will be absorbed by the water in the outer cylinder up to
a certain point, and after that it will be given off by a safety pipe.
An inner cylinder receives its supply from a small regulating cistern by a pipe.
An outer cylinder supplies hot water for all domestic purposes, and has no
connection with the water contained in the boiler, inner cylinder, or regulating
cistern. Cold water from store cistern supplies, through pipes, the regulating
cistern, and also the outer cylinder. The boiler is of any size or shape to suit the
range or open fire place. All the heat received by the boiler is transferred from it
to the inner cylinder by circulating pipes. The water in the outer cylinder absorbs
the heat from the inner cylinder. Four pipes pass through the body of the inner
cylinder so as to create a circulation of water in the outer cylinder, that the water
in the bottom may be heated as well as that in the upper part. The inner cylinder
is supported on a casing pipe from the bottom of the outer cylinder. The supply
pipe is also a safety pipe, and an additional air, steam, or safety pipe may be fixed
on the boiler, to which may be connected a draw off tap in kitchen, or this draw off
may be connected to the circulating pipes at any point between the boiler and
cylinder. The apparatus is absolutely safe and non-explosive. The boiler cannot
explode. The pipes cannot burst. The cylinder cannot burst, neither can it under
any circumstances collapse. If the pipes above the cylinder are frozen the only
result is that the supply of hot water to the domestic fittings is stopped until they
are thawed, when the supply is immediately resumed. The inner cylinder and
pipes may be fixed to any existing cylinders, both copper and galvanized iron, and
they may be also fitted to the vessels known as hot water tanks of whatever size
or, shape.
Dated this 10th day of April 1894.
JOHN BLACK,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Apparatus for Preventing Explosions of Boilers for Kitchen Ranges.
I, HENRY CLAY of 7 Grant Street Liverpool in the County of Lancashire, Hot
Water Engineer and Plumber do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Ι
The object of my invention is to prevent explosion in boilers or fittings used for
supplying hot water from kitchen ranges for domestic purposes. I provide a
separate inner chamber fixed in the centre of the cylinder ordinarily provided and
an arrangement of pipes devised to supply, circulate, and distribute the water.
also affix a casing, pipe or support to the inner chamber or cylinder. The arrange-
ment is applicable to all sizes and shapes of tanks and cylinders used for the
storage of hot water. Water is heated in the boiler in the usual way and the
heated water is conveyed by the circulating pipes to an inner cylinder where it is
surrounded by a body of water contained in the outer cylinder which absorbs its
heat when it is returned to the boiler to be reheated.
In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this Specification and wherein
like letters indicate corresponding parts in each of the figures I have illustrated
several forms of apparatus in which the features of my invention are illustrated.
Fig. 1 is a view partly in section shewing the whole of the parts constituting my
improved system. Fig. 2 is a similar view shewing another arrangement. Fig. 3
another form with the parts differently disposed. Fig. 4 another modified
arrangement hereinafter referred to and Figures 5 6 7 8 and 9 various forms of
cylinders.
Fig. 1 shews the whole of the pipes and fittings A, A¹ being the circulating
pipes between the boiler and inner cylinder, B is the supply pipe to the boiler >> and
inner cylinder C is the supply pipe from store cistern K (not shewn in Fig. 1) to
the outer cylinder L. D is the hot supply pipe to the fittings. E is the customary
expansion pipe which may be dispensed with. F is supply pipe to regulating
cistern J. G the safety pipe from inner cylinder and H the safety pipe from boiler.
I shews branch to draw off cocks in kitchen. M is the inner cylinder. N casing
pipe or support to inner cylinder. Pipes are shewn passing through the body of
the inner cylinder so as to promote circulation in the outer cylinder but are not
lettered for clearness.
The water from cistern J fills the boiler band inner cylinder only. The water
from store cistern fills the outer cylinder and supplies all the water to the fittings
through pipe D.
The heated water from the boiler to the inner cylinder circulates through the
pipes A, A', and the water in the outer cylinder is heated by the absorption of heat
from the inner cylinder. The boiler may be of any shape size and pattern and it
will be apparent that no extra pressure can be generated beyond that due to the
head of water in the regulating cistern.
In Fig. 2 the inner cylinder is shewn as applied to allow the cylinder to be fixed
level with or below the boiler and the expansion pipe is here dispensed with.
Fig. 3 gives a sectional view of another form of apparatus which differs from the
preceding figures in that the functions of the respective cylinders are reversed, the
water in the inner cylinder receiving its heat from the water contained in the outer
cylinder, & the inner cylinder supplying the hot water to the fittings. The water
from the cistern J supplies the outer tank vessel or reservoir L and the boiler b
through the pipes B, A and A'; G. H. are safety pipes; K is the store tank;
C supplies the water from store cistern K to the inner cylinder M ; D is the hot
water service pipe to fittings the heated water from the boiler is passed by
pipes A, A', to the outer tank L and the heat is absorbed by the water in the inner

page_text: tank M which supplies the hot water taps. There are two separate heads of water
in this as is also shewn in the preceding figures.
Fig. 4 shews the application of the inner cylinder for the prevention of explosion
by incrustation only. All deposit occurs in the outer cylinder.
The water in the outer cylinder is not in communication with the boiler. In this
modification of the system the inner and outer cylinders are under the same head
of water, but are supplied by separate cisterns and pipes.
By fixing the small supply cistern at a lower level as shewn in the preceding
figure and by fixing a safety pipe to boiler, the system becomes proof against
explosion due to frost as well as by incrustation. A further modification is shewn
at Fig. 5 where the boiler is supplied direct from the street main doing away with
the necessity of fixing a cold store cistern. This modification of my system
requires no expansion pipe so that it is eminently adapted for connection with the
main service. One inner cylinder is shewn as in Fig. 3 but for heavy pressures, the.
area of this copper cylinder may have to be reduced and in such a case, two or
more cylinders may be used.
Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, illustrate other forms of my invention and will be readily
understood from the foregoing without a detailed description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) The combination of inner and outer cylinders for hot water apparatus as
described and illustrated substantially as set forth.
(2.) The inner cylinder and pipes with safety pipe as arranged, described, and
illustrated substantially set forth.
(3.) The arrangement of cylinders and pipes in hot water apparatus for the
purposes described substantially as set forth.
Dated this 16th day of November 1894.
TATTY
LAT
JOHN BLACK,
Agent for Applicant.