IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS FOR HOLDING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustavus Adolphus John Schott of Bradford in the
County of York for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS FOR HOLDING
MINERAL AND OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustavus Adolphus John
Schott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1883.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT of Bradford in the County of York
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS FOR HOLDING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS.",
This Invention relates more particularly to further improvements in the con-
struction of an apparatus commercially known as Richters Patent Economiser for
which Letters Patent dated the twenty fifth day of August 1880 and numbered
3449 were granted and has for its object to render the construction of such
Economiser more perfect than hitherto thus considerably increasing its utility.
The first of my present improvements relates to an improved measuring
apparatus of simpler and more convenient construction than that hitherto in use
with which I fit the Economiser. It consists of a glass holder having a graduated
scale marked thereon and terminating at each end in a neck and mouth which are
hermetically closed.
Formed in the upper stopper is a central aperture fitting loosely over a hollow
tube which passes thorough such aperture and is screwed on to the extremity of
the discharge pipe-Upon the lower end of such tube is a collar which fits the
central aperture in the upper stopper such aperture being dished on its underside
to receive such collar. By this arrangement sufficient freedom of movement is
imparted to the measuring apparatus to allow of its always assuming a vertical
position by its own gravity. Close to the central aperture in the upper stopper is
another smaller aperture which serves as an air vent
The lower stopper is provided with a similar central orifice terminating in a
nipple having on the outside a screw thread to allow of a tap being screwed
thereon The liquid is pumped into the glass holder to the required height through.
the central orifice in the upper stopper and is drawn off therefrom through the tap
the discharge pipe being adjusted so as to give the required height between the
well and the outflow of such tap.
This improved measuring apparatus may be fitted to other vessels used for
similar purposes. The second and third of my present improvements relate firstly
to an improved arrangement for filling the Economiser by means of the pump
direct from the cask or other vessel wherein the liquid is contained and secondly
to effectually securing the pump by closing the suction pipe thereof when not in
Prine B

page_text: use To carry out these improvements I divide the suction pipe of the pump into
two branches one of which (hereafter termed the outer pipe) ascends beyond the
level of the liquid when the Economiser is full while its upper extremity which
projects above the tank is closed either by a cap or plug or cock. In order to
pump liquid into the Economiser such outer pipe is opened and a hose connected
thereto and conducted to the cask or other vessel containing the liquid with
which it is also connected
The second branch of the suction pipe (hereafter termed the inner pipe) is carried
along the bottom of the Economiser to just below the centre of the well where it
is fitted with a cock which is opened and closed by means of a vertical rod con-
nected thereto and ascending through the central opening in the well to the lid
thereof If such lid is turned for the purpose of being taken off the well, the cock
together with the inner pipe are opened and when the lid is reversed such cock
and pipe are closed. If the lid be removed such cock and suction pipe can be
opened or closed by turning the vertical rod by hand
I sometimes also arrange the plug ordinarily placed in the bottom of the well
so that the vertical rod fixed to the cock at the end of the inner pipo passes up
through the centre of the plug and is so connected thereto that by turning the
rod both the plug and the cock are simultaneously closed or opened
In large sized Economisers where the plug is not required I substitute therefor
an improved syphon trap consisting of two detached sections viz a pan or cup and
a tube which descends into the pan or cup to such a depth that although it does
not touch the bottom of the latter, still when the pan or cup is full the lower end
of the tube is immersed therein-The upper end of such tube is hermetically fixed
to the bottom of the well and encloses the central plug thereof or the aperture
wherein such plug is fitted The cup is fixed to the vertical rod and surrounds it
like a collar Such vertical rod passes through the centre of the pan and through
the tube which is of sufficient size to admit such rod and also to leave room for
the liquid passing down the tube into the cup which it fills and then overflows
into the tank of the Economiser-By this arrangement the escape of any
inflammable vapour is effectually cut off by the liquid standing in the pan-
Another of my improvements in the construction of very large Economisers is that
I make a section only of the top sloping and with a rim surrounding the same
and place the well in the centre of such section to render it more easy of access
and if necessary I support it by a suitable framework placed inside the tank of
the Economiser
As the capacity of the discharge pipe and pump increase in proportion to the
size of the Economiser and greater power is required to work the piston of the
pump I in such cases substitute a suitable lever arrangement such as an eccentric
and crank instead of the direct vertical lift hitherto in use
This lever arrangement I preferably construct in such a manner that the pump
can be worked either by hand or by steam or any other motive power I also in
the case of large Economisers screw or otherwise connect to the discharge pipe
which 1 construct in the improved manner described in the Specifications of
Letters Patent 460282 and 3883 additional hose or piping which may be con-
ducted to any point other than over the well of the Economiser where the liquid
is desired to be discharged.
This improved arrangement of the discharge pipe in conjunction with the
double branched arrangement of the suction pipe of the pump before described
allows the pump to be used for a variety of purposes-Where it is not required
that the Economiser should be hermetically closed I dispense with the loose well
and fix a strainer over the aperture provided therefor―The lid can then be put on
in the usual manner and locked
Such lid may be made of any convenient size and a suitable groove or recess
formed in the ton of the Economiser for the momention of the lid

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th October 1883.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT of Bradford in the County of York
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS FOR HOLDING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS AND LIQUIDS
"
This Invention relates more particularly to further improvements in the
construction of an apparatus used for holding and storing mineral and other oils
and liquids commercially known as Richter's Economiser for which Letters Patent
dated the 25th day of August 1880 and Nod 3449 were granted and has for its
object to render the construction of such Economiser more perfect than hitherto
thus considerably increasing its utility. Such improvements inay however be also
applied to other vessels used for holding mineral and other oils and liquids
The first of my present improvements relates to an improved measuring
apparatus of simpler and more convenient construction than that hitherto in
use with which fit the Economiser or other vessel a sectional view of which
improved measuring apparatus so fitted is given in Figure 1-(a) is a glass holder
having a graduated scale marked thereon and terminating at each end in a neck
and mouth (bb). These mouths are hermetically closed by metal stoppers (o, c')
the connection being made with Plaster of Paris in the usual manner
•
Formed in the upper stopper (c) is a central aperture (d) fitting loosely over a
hollow tube (e) which passes through such aperture and is attached by means of a
screw thread (f) to the discharge pipe (9) at its threaded extremity (h)-Upon
the lower end of such tube is a rounded collar (2) which fits the central aperture (d)
and which latter is dished on its underside to receive such collar upon which it
rests and balances as on a pivot thus affording sufficient freedom of movement to
the measuring apparatus to allow of its always assuming a vertical position by its
own gravity. Close to such central aperture is another smaller orifice (k) which
serves as an air vent.
The lower stopper (c) is also provided with a central orifice (1) terminating on
its underside in a nipple (m) having on its external surface a screw thread as
shewn to allow of the tap (n) being screwed thereon. The operation of this
improved measuring apparatus is as follows. The liquid is pumped into the glass
holder to the required height through the central orifice in the upper stopper and
is drawn off therefrom through the tap (n), the discharge pipe (9) being adjusted
so as to give the required height between the well A and the outflow of such
tap Figure 2 is a sectional view of an alternative mode of construction of such
improved measuring apparatus. In this case the holder (a) is made of tin plate or
other sheet metal with a tubular indicator (o) mounted in a recess (0') formed
in the shell of the holder to prevent breakage a slot being made in such shell
through which the indicator is visible-Such recess is perforated at top and bottoin
while both ends of the indicator are left open so as to be in communication with
the interior of the holder-By this means the liquid contained in the holder
ascends into the tube to a corresponding level to that at which it stands in the
bolder while a scale marked along side the tube indicates the quantity of liquid
contained in the holder
The metal stoppers (c) and (c¹) are soldered or otherwise connected to the holder
the lower stopper (c) being provided with a valve (9) for the purpose of drawing
off the liquid. When such valve is in its sent it closes the central passage (7)
across which a bridge (r) is placed horizontally-The valve spindle (s) passes
through a central aperture in such bridge and has its lower end secured by a nut.
The valve is thus kept in position laterally while it has sufficient play vertically
to allow of its being raised so as to open the passinge (7)

page_text: In order to raise such valve a wire (u) is fastened to the upper end of the
spindle (8). This wire passes up through the interior of the holder and out at the
top through a suitable aperture and has a loop or bend (v) formed therein; which―
when the valve is on its seat-is just below the top of the holder but when the
valve is lifted such loop is drawn outside the top of the holder and by allowing it
to rest on such top (as indicated in dotted lines) the valve is kept open until the
wire is replaced in its normal position, when the valve closes by its own gravity
assisted by the weight of liquid that may be above it-The passage (7) terminates
in a nipple (m) provided with a screw thread as shewn to allow of a nozzle (w) of
any convenient dimensions being screwed thereon-The lower stopper (c¹) may be
divided horizontally into two sections the lower section being so arranged that it
can be screwed on to or off the upper section as indicated at (3-3-) while the
upper section is soldered to the holder-By this arrangement the lower section
together with the valve (9) and the wire (u) may be taken off when required and
the interior of the holder can be inspected and cleaned. In order to prevent over
filling the holder a metal tube (a) is provided open at both ends. The upper end
stands at a slightly higher level than the height to which the holder is intended to
be filled whilst the lower end is soldered to the bottom of the holder and discharges
into a cup or basin (2) which is fastened to the bottom of the holder and serves
as a collecting funnel to receive any liquid which overflows into and runs down
the tube (x) after such liquid has attained the level of the upper end of the tube.
The said collecting funnel (z) surrounds the outside of the lower stopper (c') closely
but sufficient space is left between the two for the overflowing liquid to run out
and down the outside of the lower stopper (c¹) and the nozzle (w) screwed thereto
The air vent (k) as shewn in Figure 1 is not required in this alternative
construction the slot in the top of the holder provided for the passage of the
wire (u) serving as an air vent also
When the measuring apparatus is not required it is readily unscrewed and taken
off Such improved measuring apparatus may also be fitted to other vessels used
for similar purposes
A further improvement which is illustrated at Figures 3 and 4 of the accom-
panying drawings relates to rendering the Economiser or other vessel more secure
than hitherto by closing the suction pipe of the pump when not in use for drawing
off the contents. To effect this I fit the end of the suction pipe (46) which
terminates in a passage (47) with a supplementary cock (45) to which I screw or
otherwise attach the lower end of a vertical connecting rod (48) having at its
upper end a square recess (54) which receives an arm (53) attached to or formed
on the base of the main cock D which arm fits therein and so connects them
together-By this arrangement both cocks are simultaneously operated either by
the lid a or by hand a quarter revolution being sufficient to open or close the
same In the larger Economisers the main cock D may be dispensed with and the
connecting rod (48) connected to and actuated by the lid a instead of by such
main cock as already described
A further improvement relates to a further development of the syphon trap
arrangement for preventing the escape of inflammable vapour from the Economiser
or other vessel and consists in making the syphon trap in two sections as shewn in
Figures 3 and 4 wherein (49) is a conical tube soldered or otherwise hermetically
fastened to the bottom of the well B which descends into a cup (50) fixed to or
formed on the upper end of the connecting rod (48) sufficiently far to allow of the
immersion of the lower end of such tube without touching the bottom of the cup.
Such rod passes up through the cup into the tube which is made large enough to
admit the rod and also to allow sufficient space for the liquid to pass down into
the cup which it fills and then overflows into the tank of the Economiser-By
this arrangement not only is the escape of any inflammable vapour effectually cut
off by the liquid standing in the cup but the well B can be lifted off whenever
desired.
A further improvement also relates to Economisers of a large size and has for

page_text: its object to increase their convenience and utility. To effect this I make a section
only of the top sloping as shewn at (64) Figure 5 which represents in plan the
top of a large Economiser of oval form (65) is a rim surrounding such section
which is supported by a bearer (66) at point (67)-(69) is the opening through
which the discharge pipe (g) projects and (70) the aperture wherein the
piston rod of the pump works-The sloping section inclines towards the
aperture (71) The rest of the top may be made horizontal and if desired
fitted with a lid (72) which can be locked-When the Economiser is not
required to be hermetically closed this will be found convenient and in such case
the loose well may be dispensed with and a strainer fitted over the aperture
provided therefor and fastened to the cover by a metal ring (68) and screws.
A further improvement relates to an arrangement for filling the Economiser or
other vessel by means of the pump direct from the cask or other vessel wherein
the liquid is contained see Figure 4-To effect this I make a perforation or
passage (51) in the cock (45) which it pierces at right angles to its axis of
revolution When the cock (45) is in the position shewn at Figure 4 the suction
pipe (46) is by means of the channel (47) in communication with the tank of the
Economiser or other vessel but when such cock is turned by a quarter revolution
this communication is cut off while the suction pipe (46) is connected by means
of the passage (51) with the pipe (52) which ascends above the level of the liquid
when the tank is full and projects thereout at any convenient place as shewn
at (53) Figure 3-To pump liquid into the Economiser or other vessel through
such pipe (52) one end of a suitable hose is connected to its upper extremity
while its other end is conducted to and connected with the vessel containing the
liquid which when the pump is worked enters through the discharge pipe (9) and
well B or if such well be removed through the aperture wherein it is fitted.
If desired additional lengths of hose or piping may also be used whereby when
employed in conjunction with my improved suction pipe the pump can be used
for a variety of useful purposes.
Or the following alternative construction illustrated at Figures 6-7 and 8 inay
be adapted to the Economiser or to any other vessel used for similar purposes for
effecting the same objects in a simpler manner Figure 6 represents an Economiser
fitted with a rotary suction pump of a novel character inasmuch as it is reversible
being adapted either for pumping liquid out of or into the Economiser direct from
the cask or other vessel containing the same-(g) is the delivery or discharge pipe
-here shewn as being made in two sections The lower section ascends from near
the bottom of the tank to the top thereof through which it passes being screwed
thereto while its upper end is screwed into the cock or tap (b) The spindle or
handle (6) of such tap is so arranged that when the tap is closed such spindle can
be locked to the handle (c) of the lid (a) covering the funnel B thus effectually
securing it and when the tap (b) is closed no liquid can pass between the two
sections of the discharge pipe (9) Mounted above the tap (b) is the rotary
pump (d) which affords a bearing for the upper section of the discharge pipe which
latter may be continued upwards to any desirable height and fitted in the usual
manner Figure 7 is a sectional view of the rotary pump which consists of a metal
case composed of two cylindrical sections (a and a¹) which intersect each other In
each cylindrical section is mounted a toothed wheel (b') and 6) fixed on and
revolving with the axles (c and c¹)
The two sides as well as the flattened tops of the teeth of said wheels fit exactly
and hermetically the corresponding inner surfaces of the semi cylinders (a-a¹) and
the sections shewn in double lines and marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, on the teeth of
wheel (b) also fit hermetically the corresponding sections of the teeth of the
wheel (6) If the axle (c) is turned in the direction of the arrow by means of a
winch or other mechanism fixed on one end of the axle which projects from
the interior of the case through a stuffing box the wheel (6¹) revolves with it and
gearing into the wheel (62) imparts a rotary motion to the latter
The case has two apertures (d¹ and №ª³) on its upper and underside into which

page_text: the upper and lower sections of the delivery pipe (g.) are respectively connected by
screwing but such pump may be connected to or with the Economiser or other
vessel in any other suitable and convenient manner-In Figure 6 the tap (b) is
shewn fitted between the lower aperture of the pump and the lower section of the
delivery pipe-When the axle of the wheel (b¹) is turned in the direction of the
arrow the air is exhausted from that portion of the interior of the case above the
aperture (d') and consequently also from the lower section of the delivery pipe (g)
and when such delivery pipe is immersed in liquid, such liquid ascends through the
lower section of the delivery pipe (9) into the case and is carried round between
the teeth of the wheels (61 and 6) and ejected from the case through the
aperture (d³) into the upper section of the delivery pipo (9) from the open end of
which it flows. But when the axle (c) is made the driver by being turned in the
direction of the arrow in the same manner as the axle (c) has been turned before
the pressure is reversed and a current of air or liquid sucked into that portion of
the interior of the case unoccupied by the wheels (61 and 62) which is situated
immediately below the aperture (d³) and expelled from the aperture (d¹) In
order therefore to fill the Economiser by means of the pump it is only necessary
to connect a hose by a suitable coupling to the open end of the upper section of
the delivery pipe (g.) as shewn at (x) Figure 6 and insert the other end of the hose
in the cask or other vessel containing the liquid and then turn the axle (c') in the
direction of the arrow when such liquid will flow into the Economiser through
the delivery pipe (g) In Figure 8 a means is shewn of locking the pump to the
handle (c) of the lid (a) when the Economiser is not in use whereby the necessity
for the tap (b) is avoided-For this purpose the driving ends of the axles (c and c¹)
which project from the case of the pump through suitable stuffing boxes are
squared to fit into a corresponding square hole in the winch (a) When the
Economiser is to be locked such winch is placed upon one of such axles in a
reversed position so that it cannot be turned on account of its handle coming in
contact with the lower section of the delivery pipe (9) and it can be locked together
with the lid handle (c) by means of a padlock the bow or link of which is
drawn through two corresponding holes on the ends of the handle of the
winch (a) and the lid handle (c) as shewn in Figure 8 and so the pump is effectually
secured.
A further improvement consists in fitting large sized Economisers or other
vessels with suitable pumping mechanism to provide for the easy and efficient
working of the pump as shewn in Figure 3. Such mechanism consists of a
framework (54) carrying a crank shaft (55) worked by a crank (56) connected by
a link (57) with a piston rod (58) which actuates the pump and works in a guide
bracket (59) affixed to the framework The crank shaft may be driven by steam
or other power by means of a driving belt and pulleys (60) or it may be worked
by hand or by a lever (61) attached either to the crank shaft or mounted
together with a toothed wheel (63) on a separate shaft which gears into a
second toothed wheel (62) of larger diameter carried on the crank shaft and forms
a toothed gear
As in this or other similar arrangements the lid (a) cannot be conveniently locked
to the pump handle I leave the pump unlocked and insert instead a ring (63¹)
in the tank cover to which the lid is locked When thus closed the Economiser
is perfectly secure there being no communication between the pump and the tank
as already described
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said invention of Improve-
ments in vessels for holding mineral and other oils or liquids I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise mechanical details of
construction as herein before specified as such details admit of modification
according to requirements What I claim and desire to secure by the bereinbefore
in part recited Letters Patent is
1 A measuring apparatus constructed and fitted substantially in the manner
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn

page_text: 2ndly The safety apparatus consisting of a supplementary cock with connecting
rod or spindle attached either to the main cock or to the lid or lid handle of a
Richter's Economiser or other vessel used for similar purposes for imparting
additional security substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and shewn
3rdly The improved construction of syphon trap for preventing the escape of
inflammable vapours from a Richter's Economiser or other vessel used for sinilar
purposes substantially as hereinbefore specified and shewn
4thly Making a section only of the top of a Richter's Economiser when of large size
sloping and constructing such section with a rim and otherwise substantially as
herein before specified
5thly Making a passage (51), in the cock (45) whereby the suction pipe (46) is
connected with pipe (52) and attaching one or more lengths of hose thereto
substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore specified
6thly The improved construction of rotary pump so far as regards its reversible
action and the arrangements for securing or locking the same when not in use
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn
7thly Fitting a Richter's Economiser or other vessel of a similar nature with
pumping mechanism substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore
specified
In Witness whereof I the said Gustavus Adolphus John Schott have hereunto
set my hand and seal this sixteenth day of October in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS JOHN SCHOTT (L.S.)