Improvements in Earth Closets and in Receptacles for soll ana Domestic Refuse.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 19th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 16th Mar., 1888
Improvements in Earth Closets and in Receptacles for soll ana
Domestic Refuse.
I JAMES CONYERS MORRELL of 112 The Grove, Ealing, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in making the cases of Earth Closets of metal excepting,
in some instances, the seat portion or a part thereof. I make the same so that when a
moveable vessel is used for receiving the soil it can be lifted out by raising the Seat
which I hang on hinges for the double purpose of raising as before named, and for
automatically delivering the deodorant. I also make at the rear a door or doorway
which can be used for the purpose of removing the soil receptacle and so that the
same apparatus can be treated as a portable Earth Closet, or it can be placed and
made a permanent fixture, and then take the place of those ordinarily supplied in
wooden frames and in skeleton form.
The advantage to the person applying the same as a fixture for charging through a
rear wall being that no expense is necessary beyond the simple enclosing of the top
for receiving and conducting the deodorant to the hopper and the requisite doorways
for so charging and for removing the soil, the same apparatus being available under
all and every condition to which an Earth Closet is to be applied.
In some instances I place within the case in a suitable position on the floor thereof
a fluid a fluid discharge compartment or pocket similar to that hereinafter described
and slightly incline the floor of the case to this compartment so that the liquid may
pass away and the case itself act as a receptacle for the soil as being of metal it can
be readily and effectually cleansed.
For receiving and distributing the deodorant I fix a hopper in the rear part of the
case and operate the delivery of the deodorant therefrom in a similar manner to that
for which letters patent have already been granted to me in connection with my
Cinder Sifting Ash Closet Apparatus.
I make the flap of the seat fall automatically by the movement of a pin attached
to the hopper and working through the frame or case enclosing the hopper, the

page_text: pin advancing with the hopper on its' return motion by which it delivers the required
dose of deodorant hits the knob of the flap, and throws it down over the seat thus
preventing any dust arising on to the seat.
My improvements in Soil or Excreta receptacles consist in making the same
with an outlet for the fluid portion of the contents such outlet providing for the
filtration of the fluids as they pass out of the receptacle by a process known as
"upward filtration."
I make within the movable receptacle a small enclosed compartment or pocket
and perforate the same at its' lower part on the inner side and make in the outer
case of the receptacle an opening extending from the top of the compartment
to about half its depth this opening is large enough to admit easily a man's
hand.
I cover this opening with a door which by preference slides in grooves made for
it, this door is perforated, and provision is made so that it cannot slip out of its
proper place.
When intended for use the compartment or pocket is filled with carbon, crushed
cinder, or any suitable filtering medium, the same being made to fill completely the
compartment or pocket, which is best done by placing the receptacle with the
pocket opening upwards, the lid is then closed and the receptacle ready for uso.
It is then placed in position with its outlet portion standing over a grid or drain
mouth. It will be understood that so soon as the receptacle has received a certain
quantity of liquid, the same will, by the natural law of finding its own level,
gradually escape by the perforations through the compact mass of filtering medium
contained in the compartment or pocket, and thus by upward filtration, pass in a
sufficiently purified state into the drain prepared to receive it.
In the case of fixed receptacles I make a compartment or pocket corresponding with
that made in the moveable receptacle. This I build into or affix near to one of the
walls of the receptacles, and so that its outlet is near or leads into a drain as in the
moveable receptacle.
I charge this with a filtering medium the same way and obtain the same result as
described in connection with the portable receptacle.
I fit a receptacle, with or without the fluid grid, up sometimes upon a wheelbarrow
frame i.c. with a wheel at one end and handles at the other for removing the
same.
ד
1
101 A
1007

page_text: Improv
Pat Cosets and in Receptacles for anⱭ
Domestic Refuse.
1 JAMES CONYERS MORRELL late of 112 The Grove, Ealing, now of Woodridings
Lawn, Pinner in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My improvements consist in making the cases of Earth Closets of Metal excepting
in some instances the seat portion or a part thereof-1 make the same so that when a
moveable vessel is used for receiving the soil it can be lifted out by raising the seat
which I hang on hinges for the double purpose of raising as before named and for
automatically delivering the deodorant. I also make at the rear a door or doorway
which can be used for the purpose of removing the soil receptacle or for removing the
soil when no moveable receptacle is used and so that the same apparatus can be
treated as a portable Earth Closet or it can be placed as a permanent fixture and thus
take the place of the kind ordinarily supplied in wooden frames and in skeleton
form.
I make the case of Sheet Metal either upon a Framework or with suitable Stay
pieces.
In some instances I place within the case in a suitable position on the floor thereof
a fluid discharge compartment or pocket similar to that hereinafter described, and
slightly incline the floor of the case to this compartiment so that the liquid may pass
away and the case itself act as a receptacle for the soil, as being of metal it can be
readily and effectually cleansed.
For receiving and distributing the deodorant I fix a hopper in the rear part of the
case and operate the delivery of the deodorant therefrom in a similar manner to that
for which Letters Patent have already been granted to me in connection with my
Cinder Sifting Ash Closet apparatus. I make the flap of the seat fall automatically by
the movement of a pin attached to the hopper, and working through the frame
enclosing the hopper the pin advancing with the hopper on its' return motion, and
by which it delivers the required dose of the deodorant-hits the knob of the flap
and throws it down over the seat aperture thus preventing any dust arising on to
the seat.
My improvements in Soil Excreta and Domestic Refuse receptacles consist in
making the same with an outlet for the fluid portion of the contents-such outlet
providing for the filtration of the fluids as they pass out of the receptacle by a process'
known as upward filtration.
I make within the moveable receptacle-Fig. 1-a small enclosed compartiment or
pocket a. and perforate the same at its' lower part b. on the inner side and make in the
outer case of the receptacle an opening c. extending from the top of the compartment
o about half its' depth-this opening is large enough to admit easily a man's hand.

page_text: I cover this opening with a door d.-which by preference slides in grooves made for
it-this door is perforated and provision is made so that it cannot slip out of its'
proper place When intended for use the compartment or pocket is filled with carbon,
crushed cinder, or any suitable filtering medium the same being made to fill
completely the compartment or pocket-which is best done by placing the receptacle
with the pocket opening upwards-the lid is then closed and the receptacle ready for
use it is then placed in position with its' outlet portion standing over a grid or drain
mouth e.
It will be understood that so soon as the receptacle has received a certain quantity
of liquid the same will, by the natural law of finding its' own level, gradually escape
by the perforations through the compact mass of filtering medium contained in the
compartment or pocket, and thus by upward filtration the bulk of the liquid will pass,
in a comparatively purified state, into the drain prepared to receive it.
In the case of fixed Receptacles (Fig. 2) I make a compartment or pocket corre-
sponding with that made in the moveable receptacle-this I build into or affix near to
one of the walls of the receptacle and so that its' outlet is near or leads into a drain as
in the moveable receptacle. I charge this with a filtering medium in the same
way and obtain the same result as described in connection with the portable
receptacle.
Domestic Liquids, and other liquids requiring to be cleansed before their admission
to a drain, may be passed through either of the Filtering Receptacles in connection
with or apart from a Closet.
Either the moveable or the Fixed filtering Receptacle is available with or without a
deodorant deliverer-but when used as a Soil Receptacle for a Closet I much prefer
to apply either with a Closet which is provided with an Earth, Ash, or Dry deodorant
deliverer.
I do not confine myself to the precise form or application shewn of my Filtering
compartment or pocket so long as I secure upward filtration by admitting the liquids
to be filtered through perforations or openings at the foot and passing the same away
through perforations or openings made in the upper end of my compartment or
pocket. The compartment or pocket may be made oblong in shape and have its'
inlet at the foot of the side at one end, and its' outlet at the top of the side at the
other end.
Fig. 3 illustrates my improved Earth Closet-a. a. being the metal case-b. the
seat hung on hinges at or about e-d. is a moveable soil pane is a door or a doorway
at the rear is the hopper hung at 1-for containing deodorant-g is a double
lever having its' pivot at h attached to the sides or framework of the case, and hinged
at its' rear end to hopper f. at i. When pressure occurs from the seat upon lever end
atk it causes hopper f to recede at its' lower part and a charge of deodorant to fall
into shoe Directly pressure is removed from the seat the hopper f. by its' own
weight quickly returns to its' original position and in the act of doing so delivers the
contents of into the soil pan d or over the soil if no pan is used-m is the fall flap
which when raised rests at knob n on pin o which latter being attached to hopper f
recedes with it from the pressure upon the seat and on removal of this pressure
instantly returns with the hopper and throws down flap m near the seat aperture.—.|
The hopper is charged with deodorant at p.
In some cases I fit a soil receptacle, with or without the liquid filtration compart-
ment or pocket, upon a wheelbarrow frame having a wheel at one end and handles at
the other for facilitating the removal of the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1st. The making the case of an Earth or Dry deodorant Closet of metal
substantially as described.
.
2nd. The making of an Earth or Dry deodorant Closet of metal with a wooden
seat substantially as described.

page_text: 3rd. The making of the case of an Earth or Dry deodorant Closet of metal
with apparatus for operating the delivery of the deodorant as in my patent Ash-
Closet system substantially as described.
4th. The automatic method of dropping the fall flap on to the seat of an Earth or
Dry deodorant Closet applied with a metal case substantially as and for the purposes
described.
5th. The moveable receptacle having an upward liquid filtration compartment or
pocket as and for the purposes described and more particularly shown by Fig. 1, or
any modification thereof.
6th. The fixed receptacle having an upward liquid filtration compartment or pocket
attached or fixed in one of its' side walls substantially as and for the purposes
described and more particularly shewn by Fig. 2-or any modification thereof.
7th. The upward filtration compartment or pocket perforated at its' foot or lower
end and having its' outlet at or near its' higher end substantially as and for the
purposes described or any modification of the same.
8th. The Filtration compartment or pocket substantially as and the purposes
described or any modification thereof.
9th. The affixing within a Soil or Domestic refuse receptacle a compartment or
pocket perforated at its' lower end, and charged through an aperture in the outer side
of the case of the receptacle at the higher end of the compartment such aperture
being covered by a door perforated to allow of the eseape of the filtered liquid
substantially as and for the purposes described and more particularly shewn by Fig. 1-
or any modification thereof."
10th. The affixing within an Earth or Dry deodarant Closet made with a metal
case of a compartment or pocket perforated at its' lower end or side and having an
outlet at one of its' opposite ends or sides substantially as and for the purposes
described or any modification thereof.
11th. The wheelbarrow soil receptacle for use with an Earth or Dry deodorant
Closet with or without the liquid filtering compartment or pocket substantially as and
for the purposes described.
Dated this 19th day of January 1888