matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR LAYING OFF A SHIP'S COURSE ON A CHART OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1881.
ROBERT HENRY HUGHES of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR LAYING OFF A SHIP'S COURSE ON A
CHART OR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSE."
The ship's course is usually found on ship board by the compass printed on the
chart or the lines of variation found there after applying the usual deviations if
any; the parallel rulers are applied to the course wanted to steer and then slid
up to the compass on the chart-this gives the course to steer by on board to
arrive at the desired point.
Now by my Invention I can directly mark off the course. The apparatus
Second in a bracket centred
consists first in a compass card as ordinarily used.
in the centre of the card and capable of revolving thereon and carrying a slide
block on the bracket at some distance from the centre. Third a ruler with a slot
parallel to its side in which slides the aforesaid block, the slot being so placed in
The ruler that the edge of the ruler shall exactly come over the centre of the card.
All that is required is to place the ruler against the two points in the chart,
slide the card till the north and south are in line with a meridian then turn the
card round to the amount of correction required for magnetic variation and
deviation, and the course read off at the ruler's edge is the course required.
The actual details of my apparatus can be widely altered yet act the same, for
instance the ruler can slide in a groove in the bracket. The ruler can project from
two sides or only one and the slot could in some instances be done away with.
In all instances I have a perforated centre to put a pin or needle in to act as a
pivot for the card and get the position to work the ruler from to clear any given
point. In order to still more easily get the north and south bearing on the map,
a series of lines are ruled on the card parallel with the north and south line, any
one of which can be used for the north and south line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR RENDERING HARMLESS FIRE-DAMP OR SUCH LIKE EXPLOSIVE GASES IN MINES OR OTHER PLACES WHERE SUCH ARE PREVALENT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Richard Jenkins and
Gwilym Treharne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th
November 1881.
DANIEL RICHARD JENKINS and GWILYM TREHARNE, both of Aberavon, in the
County of Glamorgan, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR
RENDERING HARMLESS FIRE-DAMP OR SUCH LIKE EXPLOSIVE GASES IN MINES
OR OTHER PLACES WHERE SUCH ARE PREVALENT."
Our Invention relates to an improved method of and means for rendering
harmless fire-damp and such like explosive gases in mines and other places, and
consists essentially as follows:-We employ a lamp or portable furnace having the
usual protection against the communication of its flame with the explosive gas.
Above this, and near enough to be kindled by its flame, we place a fumigant
consisting of a mixture of Peruvian bark and tobacco, in a suitable holder encased
with wire gauze to prevent it setting fire to the explosive gas. A suitable funnel
(and when required a flexible tube) is placed above to direct the fumes which are
carried up and off by the rarified air.
The above mixture of bark with tobacco is mainly designed to prevent colliers
or others from using the fumes as a cloak to surreptitious smoking.
The fumes given off by the said mixture promote oxidation of the hydrogen.
The presence of innumerable small particles of solid matter, of which the fumes
or smoke consist enforces a chemical union of the gases, hydrogen and oxygen,
while the said particles diffusing through the fire-damp prevent a rise of temperature
and consequently the spontaneous ignition of the gases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMCARS AND ROAD-CARRIAGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adrian Shakery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1881. A communication
from abroad by José de Canterac, Count of Canterac, of Madrid.
.
ADRIAN SHAKERY, of 98, London Wall, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMCARS AND ROAD-CARRIAGES." A communication from
abroad by José de Canterac, Count of Canterac, of Madrid.
The object of this Invention is to render tramcars and road-carriages suitable
for travelling either on rails or on ordinary carriage-roads. This is effected by
employing two pairs of leading wheels, one pair being provided with flanges, and
the other pair being without flanges. The trailing wheels are without flanges.
I employ suitable mechanism for bringing either the flanged or the flangeless pair
of leading wheels into use, according to whether the vehicle is to run on rails or
on a carriage-road.
When
One such arrangement of mechanism may be briefly described as follows:-The
axle of one of the sets of leading wheels is mounted in a block arranged to slide
on an inclined plane, and to be secured in position at either end thereof.
this block is at the upper end of the inclined plane, the wheels in connection
therewith are raised from the rails or road, and the forward end of the vehicle is
borne by the other pair of leading wheels. When however the sliding block is at
the lower end of the inclined plane, the wheels in connection with the block are
in contact with the rails or road, and support the forward end of the vehicle, which
being now slightly elevated carries the pair of leading wheels formerly in use clear
of the rails or road..
One method by which the block may be brought to the lower end of the
inclined plane, and the forward end of the vehicle raised, is by holding the trailing
wheels either by the brake or otherwise, and applying horse or other power to the
moveable leading axle, that is to say, the axle mounted in the sliding block. The
resistance to the motion of the vehicle causes the block to slide down the inclined
plane and to bring the pair of wheels connected therewith into operation, at the
same time raising the other pair of leading wheels clear of the rails or road.
The reverse operation may be performed by applying the horse or other power in
the opposite direction.
IMPROVED COVERINGS FOR ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Prevost, of Brionne, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVED
COVERINGS FOR ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING MACHINERY." A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Prevost, of Brionne, in the Republic of France.
For the purpose of covering spinning rollers, leather, india-rubber, or paper
covers have been employed. This Invention consists in using a covering of cotton,
wool, silk, hemp, or other tissue stuck to and rolled over the cloth-cover in single,
double, or triple layers according to the pressure the roller has to undergo, tho
cover being then impregnated with a gum-varnish; this cover is as olastic as
needed, and repulses energetically the impressions of the grooves of the lower
cylinder without destroying them. Therefore rollers so treated last a great deal
longer than the ordinary ones.
The tissues used are woven ribbon-shape and of convenient breadth.
UNIVERSAL ROLLING-MILL FOR RECTANGULAR AND FLAT BARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881. A communication from
Eduard Daelen, Engineer, of Düsseldorf, Kingdom of Prussia.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, resident at 109, 110, Gneisenau-
strasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "UNIVERSAL ROLLING-MILL FOR RECTANGULAR
AND FLAT BARS." A communication from Eduard Daelen, Engineer, of Düsseldorf,
Kingdom of Prussia.
This Invention relates to a rolling mill for the manufacture of rectangular and
flat bars of iron or steel, and the object of the same is to produce bars of various
dimensions with one set of rolls.
The rolls are not placed as usual one above the other upon their whole length,
but they are arranged in such a manner that only their ends project over each
other from different sides. Each roll is, moreover, provided with a socket or hollow
cylinder fitting over and rotating with the same, and working with its face or end
surface in contact with the face of the opposite roll. The groove or open space for
the passage of the metal to be rolled is thus formed by the cylindrical surface of
the superposed parts of the rolls, and by the end surfaces of the said sockets.
The variation of the height of the said groove is caused by altering the distanco
of the rolls from each other, while for producing a change in the breadth of the
groove, one roll is shifted lengthwise together with the socket of the other roll.
The adjustment of the vertical distance between the rolls is caused by a
mechanism acting on screws passing through or into the bearings of the rolls,
whereas for the purpose of shifting one roll, together with the socket of the
other roll, another mechanism is provided for, the roll being connected in such a
manner with the opposite socket as to allow them both to rotate freely in different
directions.
Each socket may be adjusted lengthwise in respect to the opposite roll, so as to
allow their faces to be put in proper contact with each other.
The mill may be executed with two rolls, and also with three. In the first case
only one groove or space for the passage of the metal is formed, whereas in the
second case there are two grooves or spaces, allowing the rolling operation to be
carried out in two directions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS FOR BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS FOR PREVENTING THE INJURY CAUSED BY TAPPING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smedley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1881.
WILLIAM SMEDLEY, of Burton upon Trent, Staffordshire, Brewer's Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BARRELS FOR BEER AND OTHER LIQUIDS FOR PREVENTING
THE INJURY CAUSED BY TAPPING."
In the ordinary process of tapping a beer barrel the orifice into which the tap is
driven is simply a conical or straight hole bored through the head of the cask in
the "cant piece," as it is usually called.
This piece by the action of driving in the tap with a mallet is very often split,
and consequently frequent repairs are needed.
My Invention relates to protecting this orifice for the tap by a gun metal or
other collar screwed into the hole, the collar having also a broad flange, which
when screwed up home against the wood can be fixed by screws or rivets to the
wood; the screw may be made to project within the barrel, and another screwed
flange also screwed on it and then fixed by screws or rivets; or the screws or rivets
may be made to hold both flanges, the screws or rivets being passed through holes
in the flanges exactly opposite each other.
In some cases I put a sheet of rubber or other packing under the flange or
flanges, or other suitable packing may be used, or a little whitelead or other suitable
material used, such as putty or shell lac cement. The flange and screw may be
replaced by an unscrewed collar, and then the projecting end rivetted over the
inside collar with or without the packing as described.
By the use of these collars a great saving is effected, the cant piece being
thoroughly protected and not liable to be broken or split by the violence used in
driving in the tap, and consequently the frequent repairs now required under the
present system will not be needed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED ON LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES OR WITH TRAMWAY AND OTHER CARS OR CARRIAGES FOR REMOVING SNOW OR OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD ROBERTS, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED ON LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES OR
WITH TRAMWAY AND OTHER CARS OR CARRIAGES FOR REMOVING SNOW OR
OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be used on or in connection with locomotive
engines and tramway and other cars or carriages, for the purpose of removing any
drift or other accumulation of snow or other obstructions which may obstruct the
progress thereof.
In applying my improved apparatus to a locomotive engine I form it preferably
as a case or jacket (which may be made of galvanized sheet iron or other suitable
metal) so as to enclose the front, sides, and top of the engine, and keep the wheels
and other working parts free from the snow or other obstruction and in proper
working order, and the front portion of the said case I form with sharply bevilled
sides and with a sharp front edge; and I similarly bevil the upper part of the
front also if required. I form the front thus, so that in the propulsion of the
engine the snow shall be cut into and be removed with great facility to either side
out of the way of the engine. The inner part of the front I enclose and form as a
receptacle or compartment for steam, and I connect it by a pipe or other suitable
means with the boiler of the engine, the pipe being provided with a tap or valve
which, by a connecting rod or otherwise, is under the immediate control of the
engine driver, so that if occasion should need, if, for instance, the snow should be too
compact to be driven through or pushed on either side, or should the engine become
wedged in by ice, the driver may at once admit steam to the front end of the
apparatus so as to heat it and thaw or melt the obstruction, and thus enable the
apparatus either to proceed if possible or to extricate itself from the obstruction.
In adapting my improved apparatus to tramway cars and in other similar
applications, instead of attaching it to the car as I do to the engine, I form it as a
complete and separate apparatus running on four wheels and having projecting
inclined faces at each end, a doorway being arranged in the side to admit the
horses, and the entire inner space being left for the working of the horses; the
axle trees instead of running straight through, running over the top of the horses
and forming a semicircular cover for the apparatus.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FASTENING BUTTONS TO BOOTS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1881.
ALFRED WRIGHT, of 165, Brearley Street, West Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FASTENING
BUTTONS TO BOOTS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
The object of this my said Invention is to secure the button in a simple and
efficacious manner, dispensing with the sewing hitherto employed.
I will describe my Invention as applied to the fastening of buttons to boots :-I
form by cutting out (with tools specially provided) a circular disc of thin metal,
having on each side a long and narrow rectangular projecting piece; these
projecting pieces are diametrically opposite to each other conjointly with the edge
of the disc, each piece is depressed, a second depression being made adjoining the
same but inverted; these projections are bent at the edge of the disc inwardly
towards the centre and each other, the last named depressions forming a loop.
The boot is pierced sufficient to allow of the shank of the button to pass.
projecting pieces above described are fed alternately upon the shank until reaching
the loop when the button is securely affixed.
The
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE DIRECTION AND AMOUNT OF MOTION IN ENGINE SHAFTS, AND OTHER MOVING MECHANISM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Pagan and James
Hore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1881.
"
WILLIAM CHARLES PAGAN, Consulting Engineer, and JAMES HORE, Master
Mariner, both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE DIRECTION AND AMOUNT OF
MOTION IN ENGINE SHAFTS, AND OTHER MOVING MECHANISM."
In telegraphing commands from the bridge it is no uncommon thing for the
engineer of a steam vessel to return the order correctly, but make a mistake in
executing it, and perhaps instead of going full speed astern he has by mistake
gone full speed ahead. The present indicator merely shows that the order from
the captain has been received and understood by the engineer; it gives no indication
that the engines are performing the duty required of them.
Now our Invention is designed to avoid this evil, and consists in a dial or
indicator on the bridge worked by a cord or its mechanical equivalent from the
engine. It is not absolutely necessary to use a cord, as pneumatic, hydraulic, or
other conductors could be applied, the sole point to be arranged being that the dial,
pointer or other indicator shall be worked from the engine, and the speed and
direction of motion of the dial pointer or other indicator shall have a uniform
ratio to that of the engine, and shall of necessity reverse its motion with the
motion of the engine; or instead of motion in some instances we may use a simple
gauge worked by a pump on the engine. Full speed ahead would then give large
positive divergence, half speed a less divergence, while full speed astern would give
a large divergence on the negative side of zero, and half speed a lesser amount,
while when the engine is at rest the gauge will point to zero.
By the use of our Invention the captain can see by a glance at the automatic
dial whether his orders have been correctly obeyed by the engineer, and whether
the engines are going ahead, astern, or are stopped as he may have ordered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AN INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS TO BE USED AS A PHOTOMETER, ACTINOMETER AND SENSITOMETER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davies Mucklow and James
Blewitt Spurge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
8th December 1881.
JOHN DAVIES MUCKLOW and JAMES BLEWITT SPURGE of No. 161 Barnsbury
Road, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AN INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS TO BE USED
AS A PHOTOMETER, ACTINOMETER AND SENSITOMETER.”
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in an instrument or apparatus
for obtaining by mechanical means different intensities of light of any desired
ratio to one another, upon one plane, from any standard source of illumination, the
comparative results being proportionate, whatever the source and intensity of the
actinic power of the light employed may be.
It can be employed as a sensitometer, by which we mean an instrument for
comparing the sensitiveness, range of tint, &c. of the various kinds of sensitive
films used in photography.
It can also be used as a photometer, for comparing the intensity or illuminating
power of different lights.
Also for obtaining standard color tints of any desired shade from other simpler
elementary colors.
It can also be used as an actinometer for carbon and other printing, the registra-
tion of solar and other sources of light.
The instrument consists of a number of tubes or chambers of any convenient
shape size or length, according to the requirements of the different uses of the
instrument.
The top of each tube or chamber is closed by an opaque plate, or the entire series
may be closed by one plate, in which are holes (bearing to one another any desired
ratio) drilled so as to be in the centre of the top of each tube or chamber, these
tubes or chambers are enclosed in a suitable case or box. The bottom of these
tubes or chambers is covered by a stencil plate or plates, which if desired can be
numbered or lettered; the bottom of this case or box is enclosed by a moveable lid
or cover excluding all light, between which lid or cover and stencil plate is placed
the sensitive film to be tested.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUSHIONS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Newington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1881.
SAMUEL NEWINGTON, of Ridgeway, Ticehurst, in the County of Sussex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUSHIONS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in cushions for railway and other
carriages.
Great inconvenience is experienced by many people when making long journeys
by railway from the effects of the constant jarring and vibration to which the
spine is exposed, however well stuffed in the ordinary way the cushion may be.
Now according to my Invention I inclose within the cushion an elastic bag or
capsule charged with air or water. I make this bag or capsule of india rubber, and
especially if it be filled with air I paint it over with a compound of gutta percha
and pitch, and so I render. the bag or capsule perfectly impervious. To protect the
bag or capsule from mechanical injury I cover it with a sheet of thin metal on one
or both sides. Besides I stuff the cushion with horse hair or other stuffing ordinarily
employed. The metal plate is perforated to admit of the stuffing being tied in. I
cover the whole with leather or cloth in the usual way.
By thus providing a stratum of fluid in the substance of the cushion I ensure
the complete suppression of the small jarring vibrations by which the spine is
mainly affected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING THE CRESCENDO AND DECRESCENDO OF SWELL ORGANS, AND BY WHICH MEANS THE POWER WILL DE INCREASED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sweetland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1881.
WILLIAM SWEETLAND Organ Builder 4 Cleveland Place West, Bath in the
County of Somerset. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING THE
CRESCENDO AND DECRESCENDO OF SWELL ORGANS, AND BY WHICH MEANS THE
POWER WILL DE INCREASED."
A description of an Invention for the swell box of an organ, the shades are
made of different widths according to the size of swell box and the space available
for the opening of the shades; the shades are so arranged as to open one before
the other, until all the shades are in motion, tho wide shades opening last, to allow a
greater volume of tone to come out of the swell at the end of the crescendo; the
largest shades may be placed in the centre of the box, if there is not room to place
them at the end, top, or bottom. The decrescendo commences by shutting the one
after the other, in the reverse manner as above stated. The mechanism for opening
the shades is a trace running on and between silent rollers, or round blocks to
prevent friction, each shade has a stud, arm, or block fixed to it, and a separate trace is
attached to the stud, arm, or block, with a hinge joint, the other end of the trace is
attached to the trace also with a hinge joint, so that there is no strain or friction,
and allowing each shade to work independently of each other, and when some of
the shades are shut, the trace not only works towards the end, top, or bottom of the
swell box, but also towards the face of the shades, so that the last shades left open
are thrown into their places with levers, or eccentric movements, and kept close,
and in opening the shades, the levers, or eccentric movements throws the trace from
the face of the shades, and gradually opens them; the trace between the shades
has a regulating screw, so that each shade may be regulated and made to close
tightly, independent of each other, when the damp or hot weather affects them;
each shade works on a pivot or centre, made to screw in or out, so as to regulate
and keep the shades from rubbing against the frame or box; the pivot or centro
works in a metal cup or socket to prevent friction.
FASTENING FOR WEARING APPAREL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Walton Adams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1881.
ARTHUR WALTON ADAMS, of High Street, Southampton.
FASTENING FOR WEARING APPAREL AND OTHER PURPOSES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention consists of a fastening suitable for wearing apparel and other
purposes as follows:-
I fix a stud rivetted or screwed to a flexible metal plate, I have another metal
plate oval or other shape with a small orifice, and one or more tongues cut in the
same to enable this plate to spring over the said stud upon pressure; on one side
of this plate there can be a cap attached, which can be made in the shape of a
button, so as to protect or hide the top of the stud; around this plate I have
several small holes for the purpose of attaching the same to the garment.
°
AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR GAS MOTOR ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Crossley and Henry
Percy Holt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August
1881.
FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and
HENRY PERCY HOLT, of Leeds, in the County of York, both Engineers.
"AN
IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR GAS MOTOR ENGINES."
This Invention relates to apparatus for governing the speed of gas motor
engines, part of the apparatus having the effect of preventing waste of gas should
the gas supply valve be left open when the engine is at rest.
For this purpose the air inlet is provided with a check valve, the stem of which
is at right angles to and nearly touches a blade that is connected to the rod of the
gas supply valve.
This blade has a little lateral play and terminates in a knife
edge which presents itself to the notched end of an arm that is made to reciprocate
by a cam or eccentric, or is otherwise suitably timed to open the gas supply valve
valve by its forward stroke. When the engine is moving at or about its normal
speed the inflow of air raises the check valve a little from its seat, but not
sufficiently for its rod to press with such force against the blade as to move it out
of its normal altitude, and consequently when the reciprocating arm advances it
meets the end of the blade and pushes it so as to open the gas supply valve.
Should the speed of the engine become too great, then the air more rapidly rushing
in raises the check valve to a greater extent, and its stem presses the blade so that
its shaft end escapes the advancing arm, and consequently the gas supply valve is
not opened until the speed of the engine becomes so far reduced that the check
valve is raised to a less extent by the inflow of air. Should the gas supply be left
accidentally open when the engine is stopped the check valve of the air inlet
closes automatically, and so prevents escape of gas by the air passage.
For varying the speed of the engine the check valve or the blade may be loaded
by a weight or spring. Also the gas instead of being entirely cut off may have its
period of admission and therefore its quantity varied by providing several notches
on the face of the reciprocating arm, these notches being stepped backwards so
that as the blade is more and more deflected by the action of the check valve
the opening of the gas valve is made to take place at a later period of the stroke
of the arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson and Alexander
Muirhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April
1881.
JOHN HOPKINSON, of 4, Westminster Chambers, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, and ALEXANDER MUIRHEAD, of 27, Regency Street, in the City of
Westminster, Telegraph Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
Our Invention relates to improved methods of employing dynamo-electric
machines for producing the electric currents used in telegraphy, and for other
similar purposes. We use a secondary battery or a series of voltameters, or in
some cases a condenser in combination with dynamo-electric machines (sometimes
called electro magnetic or magneto-electric machines), to correct the inconvenience
sometimes experienced from the self induction of the latter when used alone. The
secondary battery (when such is used) may be constructed with plates of metal or
of carbon, and may sometimes be conveniently arranged in the form of a Volta's
trough. We do not confine ourselves to any particular form of dynamo-electric
machine, but the machine for which we obtained Letters Patent dated 24th
November 1880, No. 4886, may be specially adapted for telegraphic purposes, as
it provides several independent electric circuits. These may be made use of in
cases where separate batteries are now used, as in duplex or multiplex telegraphs
by coupling up the several circuits in a suitable manner, and other dynamo
machines having several independent electric circuits may also be used for a similar
purpose. When power is available our machine may be driven thereby; but in
many cases we find it convenient to drive by means of clock work wound by
hand; the velocity of rotation is then controlled by a centrifugal governor, and the
electromotive force of the circuits and consequently of the secondary pile when
employed may be varied by a suitable adjustment of this governor. We also make
use for the purpose of harmonic telegraphs of dynamo-machines as arranged for
alternating currents.
MENTS IN SLIDING WINDOW SASHES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Vernon Harris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1881.
EDWARD VERNON HARRIS, of Winchester, in the County of Hants.
MENTS IN SLIDING WINDOW SASHES."
"IMPROVE-
The object of my Invention is to enable sliding windows to be cleaned from the
inside of the apartment, and to facilitate the renewal of the sash lines when
required.
My Invention consists in making the sash reversible so as to bring the outer
surface inwards or towards the apartment for cleaning by dividing the sash stiles, so
that the side portions which usually slide in the grooves of the window frame are
separate from the sash and hinging or pivoting the sash thereto, so that it may be
swung over or reversed for cleaning, the sash being at other times locked to the
sliding portions and sliding therewith in the usual way. The two portions of the stile
are rebated together so as to make an air-tight joint. The hinges or pivots upon
which the sash turns may be so constructed as to admit of the sash being readily
lifted out of its bearings, leaving the sliding parts of the stiles in the grooves from
which they may then be readily removed for inserting new sash lines.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PRODUCING INLAID DESIGNS UPON THE SURFACE OF STONE, MARBLE, CONCRETE, CEMENT, METALS, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAID PROCESS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ormerod, Richard John
Edwards, and Archer Edwards at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 27th April 1881.
EDWARD ORMEROD, RICHARD JOHN EDWARDS, and ARCHER EDWARDS, all of
40, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
FOR PRODUCING INLAID DESIGNS UPON THE SURFACE OF STONE, MARBLE,
CONCRETE, CEMENT, METALS, WOOD, OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAID PROCESS."
Our Invention has for its object a novel process for producing letters, figures, or
inscriptions, or ornamental or other designs upon the surface of different materials,
such, for instance, as stone, marble, concrete, cement, metals, or wood.
We render the surface of such material upon which the inlaid design is to be
produced sufficiently smooth by grinding or other convenient means, and we then
cut the design sufficiently deep into such surface either by hand or by drills or
other suitable tools. We prefer to make the recesses so cut wider at the bottom, so
that they are somewhat dovetailed in section. We then fill the recessed designs so
formed with a mixture consisting of a metallic sulphide, such as sulphide of iron,
lead, or copper, and sulphur, the proportion of the latter to the metallic sulphide
being varied to suit the character of the designs to be produced.
The alloy composed as described is melted and is poured or pressed into the
recesses which form the design, and is then allowed to cool. We then reduce the
slab of stone or other material containing the alloy to a uniform surface by passing
it under or over suitable grinding apparatus, consisting preferably of a drum or
cylinder of metal, round which emery or glass cloth or other flexible abrasive
material is stretched.
This drum or cylinder being made to revolve rapidly, the slab is caused to travel
slowly over it, either by hand or by means of one or more rollers of india rubber
or other sufficiently soft and elastic substance pressed against the back of the slab
and made to revolve slowly by hand or other power.
When the surface of the slab of stone or other material, together with the alloy
which forms the design as described, have been thus brought to a smooth and level
surface, the resulting inlaid design is very effective and durable.
In some cases where the material upon which the design is to be produced is thin,
we make the openings which form the design completely through the material, and
we run the alloy in from the back whilst the front of the slab is resting upon a
table or other flat surface.
APPARATUS HAVING A GELATINOUS SURFACE SUITABLE FOR RECEIVING AN IMPRESSION OF ANILINE WRITING OR DESIGN, AND FOR REPRODUCING OR MULTIPLYING SUCH WRITING OR DESIGN ON OTHER SURFACES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Noad at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1881.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN HENRY NOAD, of East Ham, in the County of Essex.
APPARATUS HAVING A GELATINOUS SURFACE SUITABLE FOR RECEIVING AN
IMPRESSION OF ANILINE WRITING OR DESIGN, AND FOR REPRODUCING OR
MULTIPLYING SUCH WRITING OR DESIGN ON OTHER SURFACES."
In the so called chromograph and similar apparatus for producing a number of
copies, a gelatinous substance is used which is made to receive an impression from a
surface on which writing or a design has been previously produced in a rich or
concentrated aniline ink. From the writing. on this gelatinous surface impressions
are now produced by placing a sheet of paper thereon and carefully pressing or
rubbing it all over its back surface, the other surface will then receive an impression
of the writing on the gelatinous surface.
The object of this Invention is to greatly facilitate and expedite the taking of
such impressions or copies. For this purpose I construct an apparatus having a
roller, on the circumferential surface of which I put a coating of the gelatinous
substance, and when this surface has received the impression of the aniline
writing or design (by rolling it over the sheet of paper containing the original
aniline writing or design) it is used for transferring such impression to a number
of sheets of paper or other surface by rolling it over the same. The roller is
mounted in or on centres or gudgeons on a frame or handle, and is provided with a
spring appliance and stop, so that when the roller is lifted off the surface on which
it has printed, it is by the spring returned to its normal position.
The gelatinous material may be put on a backing of canvas or other fabric lapped
round the roller, and held thereon by a clamping appliance.
The roller may be hollow and of metal, such as tin, or of wood.
AN IMPROVED PAIL FOR WATER AND OTHER CLOSETS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Martin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1881.
WILLIAM MARTIN, of 19, Silver Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED PAIL FOR WATER AND OTHER CLOSETS."
The object of my said Invention is to provide an improved form of pail or
sanitary pan or vessel for water and other closets.
The means by which I carry out the said Invention are as follows:-The pail
or sanitary pan is fitted with a short tube at or near the bottom thereof, which
tube is for the purpose of draining or drawing off the urine or other liquid and
separating the same from the excreta; the pail may be made of any suitable
material. The inner end of the said short tube is fitted with a perforated moveable
attachment for the purpose of preventing solid matter from passing away through
such tube. The outer end of such tube is fitted with a flexible or other tube,
which leads to an opening in the sewer (by preference a trapped opening), and
this latter tube is also moveable, and by preference made of india rubber. A
suitable lid or cover is also fitted to my said improved pail or sanitary closet pan,
such lid or cover being moveable, and fitted with a spring fastening or self-acting
catch; and in order that the lid or cover may, when closed, form an air and water
tight cover, a flexible rim of india rubber or other suitable material is fitted to the
under side of the lid or to the upper edge of the pan as preferred, whereby any
offensive smell is prevented from escaping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR AND CIGARETTE HOLDERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lesser Friedlander at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1881.
HENRY LESSER FRIEDLANDER, of St. Mary Axe, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGAR AND CIGARETTE HOLDERS."
This Invention relates to improvements in cigar and cigarette holders, the object
of the improvements being to provide means for giving a better hold to the cigar
or cigarette than hitherto, and at the same time to prevent the sticking of the
cigar leaf or cigarette paper to the holder, which is a source of inconvenience with
the tubes or holders at present in use.
And my improvements consist in serrating, grooving, or channeling the interior
surface of the mouth of the holder or tube, whether the opening be of circular, flat,
or other shape. The said serrations, grooves, or channels may be formed by
cutting, moulding, or pressing, according to the material from which the holder is
made.
By this construction of holder or tube not only will the cigar or cigarette be
more firmly held, but the unconsumed end of the cigar or cigarette can be easily
removed from the holder without any part of it sticking to or remaining in the
holder as at present.
TRICYCLES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER VELOCIPEDES WITH MORE THAN TWO WHEELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1881.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
RICHARD JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
TRICYCLES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER VELOCIPEDES WITH MORE
THAN TWO WHEELS."
This Invention consists, first, in making the velocipede with three large wheels
The front
with saddle and cranks to each. These are connected by a frame.
wheel, handle, cranks, saddle and back bone exactly resemble those of an ordinary
bicycle, except that the back bone instead of going down to a small wheel behind
On each of the prongs is
projects out horizontally, and is forked into two prongs.
a wheel with cranks and a saddle behind, the handles of these two hand wheels
being united to form a hand-rail or else made immovable.
Second. To allow for unevenness I sometimes joint the back bone with an india-
rubber joint, rigid vertically, but flexible horizontally. A shock from the sudden
turning of the front wheel by the leader is thus lessened and softened down before
coming to the hind wheels. Over each wheel a man sits and works the treadles.
I do not confine myself to tricycles, as though mainly useful for these, the
Invention, both first and second parts, especially second part, is also useful with
more than two wheels behind. By special arrangements of levers, too, five persons
could work my tricycle at once, one on each side of the hind wheels working a
compound crank and one on the fore wheel. If desirable a fourth seat can be
placed between the prongs of the back bone for a person to ride on who is not
expected to work the cranks, or so that four could go on the tricycle together and
take it in turns to work the cranks and rest. Baggage could also be carried in a
similar way.
PIANOFORTES OR OTHER SIMILAK INSTRUMENTS.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Maas and Justin Browne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1881.
JOSEPH MAAS, of No. 9, Adys Road, Goose Green, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, and JUSTIN BROWNE, of No. 237, Euston Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer. " PIANOFORTES OR OTHER SIMILAK
INSTRUMENTS.'
"
An action constructed with one or two levers as may be desired, which has a
sticker and hopper producing an oscillating movement, a direct retro-action and
perfect check which is produced by the action itself and not by the blow on the
wire, and also produces a perfect repetition touch.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING STAMP HEADS OR DROP HAMMERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jellyman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1881.
"IM-
SAMUEL JELLYMAN, of Cannock, in the County of Stafford, Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING STAMP HEADS OR DROP HAMMERS."
;
I employ an iron or steel band passing over a pulley, which band is operated
upon by means of a small roller attached to the main shaft, upon which the pulley
is hung by side straps connected by two metal straps with a forked lengthening
screw, thus ensuring a direct pull from the main shaft upon the operating roller
I carry this roller upon an eccentric shaft which is operated on by levers; I also
employ a catch to hold up the stamp or drop hammer; this catch consists of a bar
of metal suspended at one end and having cut through it an oblong slot; this bar
hangs in a slightly inclined plane horizontally, and through the slot passes the
band to which the stamp or drop-head is attached. Small steel pawls may be
fixed in one or both ends of the slot to ensure a firmer grip.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRISMATIC GUNPOWDER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Springmann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881. A communi-
cation from the Berliner Maschinenbau-Actien-Gesellschaft, of Berlin, Kingdom
of Prussia.
HENRY SPRINGMANN, one of the Firm of Carl Pieper, Civil Engineer and Patent
Agent, resident at 109-110 Gneisenaustrasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PRISMATIC GUNPOWDER." A com-
munication from the Berliner Maschinenbau-Action-Gesellschaft, of Berlin,
Kingdom of Prussia.
In presses for prismatic gun-powder, the pins serving to make the perforations
in the powder prisms have heretofore been directly attached to a beain fixed below
the lower crosshead of the machine. This arrangement causes theso pins to
become very long, in consequence whereof they are very liable to bend and to
break.
For the purpose of obviating this inconvenience, the following arrangement has
been adopted.
Vertically through the beam serving to support the perforating-pins and in a
line with each of the compressing-dies a hole is drilled, into which a tube is
screwed with its lower end, the upper end of this tube being provided with a
bottom having holes for the pins to pass through. The pins are fastened with
their foot in a circular block fitting into the said tube, and which is pressed upward
against the bottom of the tube by a cylinder provided with a screwed neck, which
turns in a female screw-thread cut into the lower part of the hole in the pin-
supporting beam. Moreover, the lower crosshead is provided with a groove in
which the said beam has room, while the tubes attached to the latter project
upward into holes drilled into the crosshead. By these means the pins are reduced
to about one half of their present length, and besides, they may be exchanged
with facility.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR REMOVING WATER FROM FRESH PEAT
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Bauer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1881. A communication from
abroad by Rudolf Fölsche, of Halle ander Saale, Germany.
MAURICE BAUER, Civil Engineer, of the Firm of M. Bauer & Co., Solicitors of
Patents, at Paris, France. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS FOR REMOVING
WATER FROM FRESH PEAT." A communication from abroad by Rudolf Fölsche,
of Halle ander Saale, Germany.
Heretofore fresh peat has not been freed from its water in a simple way to such
an extent as is necessary for many purposes, because the peat, by reason of its fine
and slippery condition, stops the pores and holes of the straining surfaces, and
possesses in itself too little filtering power to enable it to part with its water by
the pressure exerted upon it.
The new process for treating peat by pressure consists in mixing therewith a
certain percentage of ashes or other porous material, whereby the peat is placed in
a favourable condition to part with a larger portion of the water contained in it
when submitted to pressure.
Besides the warming which takes place in the peat by the addition thereto of
the hot ashes, it may be further heated in order to give a greater mobility to the
isolated molecules of water, and thereby to further increase the effect of the
pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING MILK AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Askew at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1881.
JOHN ASKEW, of No. 176, Drummond Street, Hampstead Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING MILK
AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
My apparatus is constructed with metal partly shaped globes of convenient sizes
and number, joined or attached to one another, and is inserted or put into the
churn or other vessel containing milk or other liquids; cold water then enters into
a pipe fitted to the top globe, which pipe continues or passes down each globe into
the bottom globe and fills the same with water, which water then gradually rises
into each globe until it arrives at the top globe when it passes out through a
T piece fitted on to it. Whilst the globes are kept or remain in the churn or other
vessel a small continuous stream of water passes through them until the milk or
other liquid is sufficiently cooled; I use the same apparatus for heating milk or
other liquid with hot water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lodge Mapple at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1881.
JAMES LODGE MAPPLE, of 60, Gloucester Road, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MATCHES."
To boil the match splints (before dipping them in the chemical solution) in a
bath of oil, tallow, wax, or parafin, or other inflamable material, or in a mixture of
other inflamable materials until saturated, thereby making the matches more.
inflamable.