IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING BOTTLES AND OTHER FRANGIBLE ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William M°Adam and Sigismund Schuman, both
of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING BOTTLES AND OTHER FRANGIBLE
ARTICLES"
Sealed the 14th September 1869, and dated the 16th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William M*Adam
and Sigismund Schuman at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th March 1869.
We, WILLIAM M ADAM and SIGISMUND SCHUMAN, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING BOTTLES AND OTHER
FRANGIBLE ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates, firstly, 'to the employment of cases made of
pulped material which are placed over the bottles or other articles to be
packed together for travelling or transport. The cases made of pulped
material are formed with grooves, flutes, or indentations of various
[Price 8d.]

page_text: shapes, either on their inner or outer surfaces, which grooves, flutes, or
indentations have the effect of reducing the surfaces of contact or
bearing to a series of points or lines, thus imparting a certain amount of
elasticity to the cases.
The second part of this Invention relates to rendering the cases water-
proof, by either varnishing them or by applying a solution of india-rubber,
gutta percha, or any other suitable substance to their surface, or
incorporated with the pulp.
The third part of this Invention relates to a special mode of packing
bottles or other frangible articles in casks or boxes; and it consists in so
placing the bottles or other articles that the narrow parts of one row of
bottles or other articles intervene between the spaces left in a lower row,
and the articles are kept steady in position and prevented from knocking
or shaking against each other by throwing in cut straw, hay, or other
finely divided waste material to fill up the interstices. After one row or
layer is thus packed together a disc or sheet of felt, pulped material, or
wood is placed above it, and another row of articles similarly packed on
it, and in this manner successive rows or layers are packed in until the
cask or box is filled.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William McAdam and Sigismund Schuman in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
MADAM and SIGISMUND SCHUMAN, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said William M° Adam and Sigismund Schuman, Her
special license that we, the said William M° Adam and Sigismund
Schuman, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said William M°Adam and Sigismund Schuman, our executors,

page_text: administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PACKING BOTTLES AND OTHER FRANGIBLE ARTICLES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William McAdam and Sigismund
Schuman, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William McAdam and Sigismund
Schuman, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our said Invention relates, firstly, to the employment of cases made
of pulped material which are placed over the bottles or other articles to
be packed together for travelling or transport. The cases made of pulped
material are formed with grooves, flutes, or indentations of various
shapes, either on their inner or outer surfaces, which grooves, flutes, or
indentations have the effect of reducing the surfaces of contact or bearing
to a series of points or lines, thus imparting a certain amount of elasticity
to the cases.
The second part of this Invention relates to rendering the cases
waterproof, by either varnishing them or by applying a solution of
india-rubber, gutta percha, or any other suitable substance to their
surface, or incorporated with the pulp.
The third part of this Invention relates to a special mode of packing
bottles or other frangible articles in casks or boxes, and it consists in so
placing the bottles or other articles that the narrow parts of one row
of bottles or other articles intervene between the spaces left in a lower
row, and the articles are kept steady in position and prevented from
knocking or shaking against each other by throwing in cut straw, hay,

page_text: or other finely divided waste material to fill up the interstices. After
one row or layer is thus packed together a disc or sheet of felt, pulped
material, or wood is placed above it, and another row of articles similarly
packed on it, and in this manuer successive rows or layers are packed in
until the cask or box is filled.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, reference being had to the explanatory Sheet of Drawings which
we have hereunto appended, and in which corresponding parts in the
several Figures are indicated by similar letters of reference, that is
to say:-
Figure I. is a side elevation of a well-known paper-making machine,
but in this case especially arranged for forming the cases of pulped
material herein-before referred to.
It consists of a pulp trough A in which the roller or cylinder B is
revolved at any required speed. As the roller B revolves it picks up or
elevates some of the pulp which adheres to its surface, and on arriving
at the point a the pulp is transferred from the surface of the roller B to
that of the travelling endless web of felt, wire cloth,.or other material C
which is carried on the several rollers D, and by means of the rotation
of any one or more of which in frictional contact with the web C the
web is put into the requisite traversing motion. The action of the
arrangement now described is to distribute the pulped material in a layer
of the requisite thickness over the travelling web C, aud as this arrives
at the point c the layer is taken upon the roller E, which is made of
such shape as required to form the pulped material into cases for covering
bottles or other frangible articles, or the roller E may be parallel and
smooth, as shown in plan at Figure 2, or it may be formed with flutes
or grooves in it, as shown in the enlarged view of the rollers, namely, in
plan, Figure 3, and in end elevation, Figure 4, in which case the pulped
material is formed into fluted or corrugated tubes which are cut into
lengths sufficient to cover the articles over which they may be placed, or
the pulped material may be rolled into fluted or grooved continuous
sheets, which on being wrapped round the articles to be packed con-
stitutes a case the equivalent of those formed at once into the shape and
size necessary for covering the articles to be packed. In this manner it

page_text: is obvious that by forming the centre roller E, in Figures 1 and 2, with
flutes or grooves in it, and the pressure rollers F smooth and cylindrical,
the cases, tubes, or sheets of pulped material would have the flutes on
the inner side, whilst by forming the roller E cylindrical and smooth
and the pressure rollers F fluted or grooved the reverse would be the
case, that is to say, the outer side of the cases, tubes, or sheets would be
fluted or grooved and the inner side smooth; or by forming both the
rollers E as well as the pressure rollers F fluted or grooved the cases,
tubes, or shects of pulped material would be formed with flutes or
grooves on both the inner and outer sides, as shown in the end view,
Figure 4, where the shaded portion encircling the roller E represents
a case or tube as formed thereon.
It is of course obvious that various arrangements of rollers or moulds
by which the cases are formed separately and to suit the articles to be
covered by them may be adopted, but as the means to effect the manu-
facture of pulped material into such cases or their equivalent do not
constitute any part of our present Invention, and especially as there are
numerous mechanical contrivances already in existence which may be
employed for the said manufacture, we have not thought it necessary to
set forth every such method, but to give a further example as to the
manner in which the pulped material may be formed at once into cases
of the requisite shape or form and dimensions we have added a further
plan of rollers, Figure 5, and end elevation 6, in this case the roller H
is that on which the cases are formed, and it is shaped approximately to
correspond to the shape and dimensions of the articles to be covered by
the case formed thereon.
In the example now given on either side cf
the centre line a, a, the roller H corresponds to the form of a bottle.
This roller H when applied to the machine shown at Figures 1 and 2, or
to any other pulp-distributing machine occupies the position of the
roller E, shown therein, and on either side it is acted upon by the
moulding pressure rollers I and K. The roller I is formed cylindrical
and in one piece to correspond with the main cylindrical or central
portion of the roller H, whilst the rollers K at the opposite sides are
formed in several pieces, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, all of different diameters, and
they are carried loosely on the shaft or axis L, being so arranged that
when they are pressed against the pulped material collected on the
roller H (by means of the pressure screws d, shown at Figures 1

page_text: and 2, or by other means) their frictional contact against the pulped
material causes each segment of the corresponding roller to revolve at
the requisite surface speed, which is of course regulated by or varies
with the diameter of the several parts of the roller H. In order to
remove the cases from the roller H after having been formed the reon
the case is incised or divided at the centre line a, a, in which example
the cases as formed are easily drawn off the end of the rollers; the
pressure rollers being of course s arranged that they may be rapidly
withdrawn from the moulding roller when it is required to remove the
cases therefrom, and the shaft carrying the rollers on which the cases are
formed is removable, so that it may be withdrawn to allow the cases to
be taken off. It is further to be explained, that in place of making the
roller over which the cases are formed the driving roller, either or all
of the pressure rollers may be driving rollers, in which case the inter-
mediate roller H would be driven by frictional contact with one or both
of them. In some cases it is necessary for the pulped material to be
of various thicknesses; this may be effected by forming the roller or
cylinder B with sections of various diameters, as shown in plan, Figure 2,
where the central part from y to is made of less diameter than the
parts beyond or outside y and a, in this case a greater thickness of
pulped material will collect between y and x than on the other portions
of the roller, so that a layer of pulped material thicker towards the
central part than at the exterior parts is distributed upon the travelling
web. It is further to be mentioned that in place of forming the rollers
with parallel flutes or grooves, such grooves may be spiral or of other
form; or in the case of using them only for forming the pulped material
into sheets their surfaces may be composed of a series of points or
indentations.
'
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The cases or covers of pulped material, either waterproofed or
not, with flutes, grooves, or indentations on their interior or exterior
surfaces or both for the packing of bottles or other frangible articles,
substantially as herein-before described.

page_text: Second. The employment of discs or divisions of felt, pulped material,
or wood, in the packing of bottles or other frangible articles in cases,
casks, or boxes, substantially in the manner herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Schuman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, on behalf of the said William McAdam
and of myself, this Fourteenth day of September One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
SIGISMUND SCHUMAN. (L.s.)