Molds for Closed Cylinders.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1892-4ccepted, 24th Sept., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Molds for Closed Cylinders.
I, FRANK XAVER BLACK, of Hamilton, Ohio, United States of America,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
In certain kinds of closed cylinders, such, for instance, as those employed in
drying machines for paper-making &c., the cylinders are often quite large, from
two to five feet in diameter and several feet in length, and the journals are
comparatively small and, consequently, the bore of the journals, where the steam
enters, must be quite small. Such cylinders have generally been made by casting
the shell and the heads separate and then, after machine-finishing and joints,
bolting the heads to place, the conclusion having long since been reached that it
was impractical to cast the cylinders entire owing to the fact that the small cores
available at one end of the cylinder could not be made to withstand the crushing
strain of the very heavy body-core. Furthermore, the core could not be steadied
from the outside of the mold, as the use to which such cylinders were to be put
would preclude the use of chaplets which would disfigure the surface of the shell
and often be productive of leakage. Pure surface being required would necessitate
the casting of such cylinders on end, thus imposing the weight of the body-core
entirely on small cores available at the lower end of the cylinder in casting. I
mold such closed cylinders in a single piece by improved methods and by the use
of improved molds, which molds form the present subject matter. By the improved
means I am able to insure uniformly good castings in molds made with comparative
rapidity and by the handling of a comparatively small quantity of sand. By
preference I make the molds in dry sand, properly baked, though satisfactory
results may be obtained in green sand.
My improvements will be readily understood, by those skilled in the art, by
reference to the following Specification, taken in connection with the accompanying
drawing in which :-
Fig. 1, is a plan, half longitudinal section, of a casting for a closed drying
cylinder as produced in my improved mold:
Fig. 2, an end elevation of the cylinder, at the end containing the hand-holes,
which end will be the lower end in the mold :
Fig. 3, a vertical diametrical section of the mold ready for pouring: and
Fig. 4, a perspective view of one of the core-barrel segments.
In the drawing :-
--
1, indicates the casting of the dryer, with its heads and journals integrally formed
with the shell:
2, the lower journal:
3, the upper journal:
4, the usual axial bore of the lower journal:
5, the usual axial bore of the upper journal:
6, the hand-holes in the lower head, by lower being meant the lower end of the
cylinder in casting:
7, the base-plate of the mold, a strong plate with a true upper surface::
8, the drag, setting upon the base-plate and, preferably, bolted to it, and having
a depth sufficient to properly form the mold for the lower head and journal of the
cylinder:
9, the sand in the drag, forming the mold for the lower face of the lower
cylinder-head with its journal and, preferably, also a trifle, an inch or so, of the

page_text: shell of the cylinder, it being understood that core-prints at the hand-holes 6, and
journal-bore 4, of the cylinder, will leave their proper imprints in the drag-mold:
10, iron tubes embedded in the drag-mold and faced of accurate length and
extending from the base-plate up to the base of the imprints formed by the core-
prints for the hand-holes, there being one of these tubes at each hand-hole point,
the tubes being of accurate length and truly faced on the ends :
11, core for the lower journal-bore:
12, flask for the main portion of the cylinder, setting upon the drag and bolted
thereto and formed, preferably, of several short sections bolted together, the
sectional construction of this portion of the flask adding to the convenience of
molding cylinders of various lengths by using a greater or less number of sections
and also for the convenience of ramming this portion of the mold:
13, the sand within this portion of the mold, forming the exterior of the shell:
14, the cope resting upon and bolted to the flask-portion below:
15, the mold-portion therein, comprising the upper face of the upper cylinder-
head and also its journal:
16, a basin-section of the flask above the cope and, preferably, formed separately.
from the cope and bolted to it:
17, the sand in this basin-portion of the mold, to provide for a pouring basin and
for sinking heads:
18, an annular pouring basin formed in the top of the mold:
19, gates formed in the upper portion of the mold and extending from the basin
down to the shell-cavity, these gates being, preferably, somewhat numerous and
equally distributed around the mold so that when the mold is poured the metal will
go all around the shell with fair uniformity:
20, a space or channel for a sinking-head or riser, of which there may be several,
extending from the top of the upper journal-space to the top of the inold:
21, the base of the body-core:
22, an iron spider or grid embedded in this core-base to stiffen the core:
23, bosses projecting from this spider downwardly into the hand-hole imprints of
the drag and resting upon the upper ends of the tubes 10, the lower ends of these
bosses being, preferably, truly faced off:
24, core-bosses for the hand-holes, formed with the core-base 21, around the metal
bosses 23, and extending down into the hand-hole imprints in the drag:
25, a series of segments built up to form a core-barrel resting upon the core-
base 21, these segments interlocking at their upper and lower edges to prevent
their shifting upon each other, the height of the individual segments not exceeding
the diameter of the hand-holes in the cylinder, the segments having exterior pegs
or prongs, as is usual with core-barrels, to give a foothold to sand upon their outside
surfaces, and being perforated for the inward passage of gas:
26, bolts, of which there may be any desired number, extending the length of the
core-barrel and binding the segments into an integral structure:
27, sand formed upon the outside of the core-barrel and forming the main body-
core of the cylinder:
28, the top section of the core, resting upon the core-barrel and that portion of
the core formed with the core-barrel:
29, perforated tubes, open at their lower ends, and extending up through the
base-plate and through the bosses 23 and on up through the core-barrel and
partially through the top core-section 28 and provided with nuts at their lower
ends and with nuts and washers at their upper ends:
30, sand filling over the upper ends of these tubes, to fill pockets left in the
upper surface of the top-core section for the purpose of permitting the nuts at the
upper ends of the tubes to be manipulated:
31, a perforated tube open at its top and extending from above the mold down
through the upper journal-space and through a central hole in the top core-section
and through the interior of the core-barrel and resting in the center of the core-
base and

page_text: 32, the core for the upper journal, formed on the tube 31 and steadied in
the mold portions at its two ends and scaled, by usual pasting, to the top core-
section.
The entire mold, being bolted together, may be lifted and set where desired, as
in a casting pit, and it should be set with free space under the base-plate for the
escape of gas from the tubes 29. When the mold is poured the gas escapes
through the tubes, some downwardly through tubes 29 and some upwardly through
the central tube.
When the casting is shaken out the tubes 29 project from the hand-holes and so
also do the grid-bosses 23, and the central tube projects from the upper journal.
The central tube may be withdrawn by simple traction.
The other tubes may be
withdrawn after unscrewing them from their top nuts. A. few hammer blows on
cach of the grid-bosses 23 breaks those bosses from the spider and breaks the
spider into fragments. The grid-bosses may then be withdrawn, leaving the hand-
holes open. The core-base may then be broken up by means of a spud and its
sand and spider-fragments removed. The bolts 26 may then be loosened and
removed and the segments loosened and removed one at a time, after which the top
section of the core may be spudded to pieces and removed.
In constructing the mold the procedure may be as follows:-
The patterns required will comprise a bead pattern, and two of them if the two
heads differ, and a short shell section, say a couple of feet long. The drag is first.
rammed up on the head pattern, in the usual manner, the tube 10 being molded in
or properly molded cavities being left to receive them. The drag is turned over
and set upon the base-plate, and the pattern withdrawn. The core-base 21 is
molded in a proper core-box with the spider embedded in it. Core 11 is set and
then the core-base is set, the lower ends of the grid-bosses resting on the tubes 10.
The core-base thus has solid metallic supports from the base-plate of the mold.
The core-bosses 24 should be sealed into their imprints to prevent improper running
of the iron. The shell pattern is now set in the mold, surrounding the corc-base
and resting in the drag. The core-barrel, having been properly built up, is set in
place, on the core-base, concentric with the shell pattern. A flask section 12 is
now secured in place. The sand is now rammed outside the shell pattern and also
inside it around the core-barrel and, as the work progresses, the short shell pattern
is raised from time to time until the proper length of core and body-mold has been
ramned up, after which the shell pattern is removed. The top section of the
core 28, having been previously formed in a proper core-box, with its central hole,
and holes for the tubes 29, is now set in place on the core-barrel and the tubes 29
are put in place and screwed up, after which the cavities 30 are flushed up. The
top head pattern is now put in place and the cope applied and ramined up to form
the mold for the upper head and journal and the gates and risers, and in doing this
it will be found convenient to have the basin-section separate from the cope-section
of the flask. The upper portion of the mold being removed, and its pattern-parts
withdrawn, the mold-portion is replaced, thus closing the mold, after which the
central tube is inserted, and with it the core 32, thus putting the mold in condition
for pouring.
In molding by the dry sand process the proceeding will be as has been indicated,
except that when the mold is completely formed, it will be separated and its various
parts properly baked, after which the parts will be reassembled. It is to be noticed
that in reassembling the mold-parts there are metal contact points for all the
necessary joints for the main portions of the mold, thus avoiding the difficulties
incident to assembling mold portions more or less distorted in baking. In the
present case the flask-sections join metal to metal, and the core-base is supported,
metal to metal, from the base-plate. In fact, if one will imagine the other parts
absent and the core united to the base-plate by the tubes 29 and tubes 10, it will
be seen that the core is a well supported structure rigidly founded upon the
base-plate.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a mold, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a base-plate, a drag
thereon containing vertical tubes standing on the base-plate, a core having core-
bosses, a spider in said core having bosses projecting through said core-bosses into
contact with the upper ends of said tubes, and tube-bolts anchored in said core
and passing through said spider-bosses and tubes and base-plate and clamping the
core to the base-plate.
2. In a mold, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a disk-like core-base,
a disk-like core top-section, an annular shell-like core-body section, and an annular
series of bolts uniting the three core-sections and clamping the annular section
end wise between the base and top-section.
3. In a mold, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a sectional metallic
core-barrel, an annular body-core thereon, a core-base, a core top-section, and bolts
clamping the base and top sections end wise to the core-barrel.
4. In a mold, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a hollow cylindrical
core, a perforated tube disposed centrally in said core and projecting out of the top
of the mold, and perforated tubes disposed excentrically in said core and projecting
out of the bottom of the mold.
5. In a mold, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a vertical series of
interlocking core-barrel segments, an annular series of bolts uniting the top and
bottom members of the series and clamping the intermediate members of the series
between them, and a core surrounding said segments and supported by them.
6. In a mold, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a drag, a cope, an
intermediate mold-portion formed of a vertical series of separate sections, a core-
base, a core top-section, and an intermediate body-core having a barrel formed of a
vertical series of barrel-sections.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1892.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.