IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John George Horbert Batchelor, of Penarth, Cardiff,
in the County of Glamorgan, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GOVERNORS FOR MARINE ENGINES."
Sealed the 28th August 1877, and dated the 8th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said John George Herbert
Batchelor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March
1877.
JOHN GEORGE HERBERT BATCHELOR, of Penarth, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE ENGINES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and application of
governors for marine engines, for the purpose of preventing what is known as
racing," by so regulating the admission of steam thereto that when the screw or
other propeller is raised out of the water, by the motion of the vessel the steam
will be cut off, and will be admitted only when the propeller is again immersed.
For this purpose, in carrying out my Invention, I so connect a screw engine with
the water immediately about the screw driven by it, that any diminution of the
height of water above that screw, and consequently any diminution in its resist-
ance to motion, shall be recorded at the throttle or expansion valves of the engine
at the same instant that it would be felt by the screw, thereby obtaining a uniform
speed of the engine in the roughest weather.
According to my improvements a cylinder of suitable dimensions, and having a
water-tight piston (one side of which is open to the atmosphere, the other being
connected by a pipe with the water surrounding the screw), is placed at the end of
the tuunel in a steam ship, and its piston rod which is provided with a sheave at
the end presses against a wire rope or band stretched from the said cylinder to the
engine room, where it is attached to a differential lever, which is weighted to suit
the draught of the vessel. It is so arranged that when the water is at its normal
height above the screw, and the pressure of water therefore greatest, that the piston
is at its full stroke, the lever and its weight are at the horizontal or highest
position, and the valve which is connected to the lever by means of a rod is full
onon

page_text: Any diminution in the pressure of water about the screw is now instantly taken
up by the weighted lever, which will fall a certain amount for each foot of water
which leaves the screw, and by its movement will begin to close the valve. And as
the wator about the screw rises again, the increased pressure on the piston will
again raise the lever to its horizontal position or until equilibrium ensues, the valve 5
opening at the same instant.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John George Herbert Batchelor in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th September 1877.
JOHN GEORGE HERBERT BATCHELOR, of Penarth, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan. " IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS FOR MARINE ENGINES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and application of
governors for marine engines, for the purpose of preventing what is known as
"racing," by so regulating the admission of steam thereto that when the screw or
other propeller is raised out of the water, by the motion of the vessel the steam
will be cut off, and will be admitted only when the propeller is again immersed.
For this purpose, in carrying out my Invention, I so connect a screw engine with
the water immediately about the screw driven by it, that any diminution of the
height of water above the screw, and consequently any diminution in its resistance
to motion shall be recorded at the throttle or expansion valves of the engine at the
same instant that it would be felt by the screw, thereby obtaining an uniform speed
of the engine in the roughest weather.
According to my improvements a cylinder of suitable dimensions, and having a
water-tight piston (one side of which is open to the atmosphere, the other being
connected by a pipo with the water surrounding the screw) is placed at the end of
the tunnel in a steam ship, and its piston rod which is provided with a sheave
presses against a wire rope, or band, or chain stretched from the said cylinder to
the engine room, where it is attached to a differential lever which is weighted to
.suit the draught of the vessel. It is so arranged that when the water is at its
normal height above the screw, and the pressure of water therefore greatest, that
the piston is at its full stroke, the lever and its weight are at the horizontal or
highest position, and the valve which is connected to the lever by means of a rod is
full open.
Any diminution in the pressure of water about the screw is now instantly taken
up by the weighted lever, which will fall a certain amount for each foot of water
which leaves the screw, and by its movement will begin to close the valve. And as
the water about the screw rises again, the increased pressure on the piston will
again raise the lever to its horizontal position, or until equilibrium ensues, the valve
opening at the same instant.
And in order that my Invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into practice I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, in
which,―
Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the engine-room end of the tunnel
of a screw steam ship.
Figure 2 shows the other end of the tunnel, viz., that next to the screw propeller
and the position in which part of my improved governor is placed.
Figure 3 is an enlarged elevation of the lever placed in the engine room; and
Figure 4 is an elevation of the cylinder fixed at the screw end of the tunnel.
In carrying out my improvements in marine governors I employ a cylinder 1,
having a water-tight piston 2, one end of the cylinder being in connection with
the water surrounding the screw or other propeller by means of a pipe 3, or pipes
for either or both sides of the ship. The other end of the cylinder is open to the
atmosphere. The piston rod 4 is formed with a slot 5 for the reception of-á

page_text: pulley 6 working freely therein, and on the same end of the cylinder another
similar pulley 7 is fixed in such a position that when the piston 2 is at the bottom
end of the cylinder, a light wire rope 8 of iron or steel, or a chain, which is fixed
to one side of the cylinder, and passes over the pulley 6 in the slotted piston rod 4,
and under the pulley 7 at the other side of the cylinder, shall form an angle of
about 140° at the point where it passes the centre of the piston rod 4; or the wire
rope, chain, or band may be simply fixed to the piston rod and passed under the pulley 7.
The piston rod 4 has a guide 9 fixed to the end of the cylinder, as shown, in which
there is a slot 10 for the pulley 7 to work in. A cock may be fixed in the pipe 3
in order that connection with the water may be cut off when required. The cylin-
der 1 is placed at the screw end of the tunnel in a steam ship, and the pipo 3 is
brought as near to the propeller as is convenient. The wire rope 8 is carried by
pulleys fixed where necessary to the engine room, where it is connected to a lever 11
weighted with a weight 13 to suit the draught of the vessel. A spring may be
used instead of the lever; but I prefer a lever of the form shown, in which the
moment the weight 13 increases as it rises to a horizontal position and decreases as
it falls. A rod 12 connects the lever 11 with the throttle valve of the engine in
such a manner that when the weight end falls, the supply of steam to the engine is
cut off, and when it rises the steam is allowed to pass to the engine.
In making use of the principle of the parallelogram of forces, I obtain the greatest
delicacy of action; supposing, for instance, that the water is at its normal height
about the propeller, in that case the piston is at full stroke out, the wire rope or
chain forms an angle of 30° as it is stretched over the piston rod pulloy and under
the other pulley, in which position the diagonal of the parallelograin is nearly twice
the length of either of its sides, so that the weight on the lever in the engine room
which is at its highest and horizontal position has all the mechanical advantage
over the piston; so that directly the water falls from the screw and the pressure on
the piston is taken off, the weight 13 in the engine room shuts the throttle valvo
and drives the piston 2 to the bottom of the cylinder, the wire rope or chain 8 then
inaking an angle of 140°, in which position the diagonal is about half the length of
either side of the parallelogram, so that when the water returns to the propeller
again the piston has all the mechanical advantage over the weighted lever, so that it
instantly commences to open the valve again.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
or carrying the same into practice, I would remark that I do not claim any of the
parts which are old and in common use; but what I claim as new is, the application
of the improved arrangements of mechanism to marine governors in such man-
ner that a wire rope, or chain, or band of any sort passing over a pulley fixed
to the piston rod of a cylinder in connection with the water about the propeller, the
said band, rope, or chain being fixed to one side of the cylinder, stretched over a
pulley on the piston rod, and under a pulley on the opposite side of the cylinder (or
simply fixed to the piston rod and passed under the last mentioned pulley), shall
cause pressures of different degrees at different parts of the stroke of the said
piston rod to be transmitted to a weighted lever or spring placed in the engine
room, by the said rope, chain, or band, or their mechanical equivalent, substantially
as described and represented in the Drawing hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John George Herbert Batchelor, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.