An Improved Filter for Oil and other Liquids.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Filter for Oil and other Liquids.
I, CARL ANTON KOELLNER, of Neumühlen in the German Empire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In the filter of this invention one or more filter beds is, or are, located between
perforated plates placed vertically in a frame open at top and on two sides, the liquid
to be filtered passing into a filter bed at one side and out in the filtered state at the
opposite side thereof to a collecting vessel. The vertical arrangement of the filtering
material allows of the apparatus being very simple with large and numerous filtering
surfaces through which the liquid-oil for instance-will flow very slowly under a
low and regular column of pressure.
The filtering material may be loosened to increase its porosity or pressed closer
together to lessen the same.
In the drawing Figs. 1 and 2 are respectively a sectional olevation and a section
through line A B of Fig. 1; Figs. 3, 4, 5 shew modifications of construction and
Fig. 6 is a view of details.
1 is the container for the liquid to be filtered, 2 vertical frames combined therewith,
preferably rectangular, open at top and two opposite sides at each of which is placed
a perforated plate 3, the filtering material being placed between two of the plates from
above. The outer perforated plates of each frame 2 are held in position by ribs + of
same. They are covered with filter cloth to prevent the introduction of coarse
impurities into the filtering material. The inner perforated plates may be moved
laterally. 5 are spaces between the filter beds into which the filtered liquid passes
running thence through orifices 6 into a collecting tank 7 on which the combined
container 1 and frames 2 are placed. The tank has a sloping bottom and is fitted with a
cock 8 for the complete withdrawal of the contents. Instead of the filter beds being
located in pairs side by side as shewn they may of course be in pairs lengthwise.
As, after the filter has been some time at work the pores of the filtering material
become obstructed it is necessary to loosen it from the compressed state suitable when
fresh, so as to open the pores and maintain regularity of action. For this purpose an
appliance is arranged in each of the spaces 5. It may be designed in different forms.
In Figs. 1, 2, 3, it consists of a double wedge shaped part 9 operated up and down
between blocks 10, with suitably inclined surfaces, fixed to the corresponding
perforated plates, or to these plates and to the sides of the vessel as shewn in Fig. 4.
or these sides may be done away with so as to allow the filtering process to be con-
veniently observed from the outside instead of having to lock in between the filter
beds. The wedges at the end filter beds may then be replaced by screw arrangements such
as 15, ribs 4 being provided for the end perforated plates to bear against. In Figs. 5, 6,
a more simple means is shewn consisting of a cam on excentric 11 on rod 12 which
is held in any fixed position by engagement of hook 13 in hand wheel 14, or in this
case also where circumstances will allow, ordinary pressure screws may be applied
similar to those at 15 Fig. 4.
The liquid in the container 1 passes in the direction shewn by the arrows through
outer perforated plates (Figs. 1, 2), filtering material, inner perforated plates and
orifices 6 to tank 7.
Instead of the container 1 being cast in one piece with open frames 2, this may be
in one piece with the collecting tank as shown in Fig. 3 and the combined frames and
tank placed loose in a container or pit which receives the liquid to be filtered.
In order to carry out filtration at a higher pressure the apparatus may be modified
in that the liquid is passed into the spaces 5* which must then be closed at top as

page_text: shown in Fig. 4. Here the requisite pressure is brought to bear on the filtering
material by screws 15 to prevent it being pressed out upwards by the liquid pressure.
If the apparatus is intended for the filtration of comparatively small quantities of
liquid, as for experimental purposes or for cleansing oil dropping from machinery it
may for the sake of simplicity have only one vertical filter bed combined with
container and collecting tank as shown in Fig. 5.
The filtering material used for clarifying oil and it may be other liquids consists
of waste products from grain such as chaft, bran, brokan grain and the waste from hay
(cleaned hay-seed). These materials are of good porosity, remove the water from oil
containing it, keep back impurities and give to oil that has become green and dark a
beautiful gold yellow colour. If fresh new oil is to be filtered and grain waste or hay
seed used for the purpose, this may, after it has been thoroughly utilised and is com-
pletely saturated with oil, be made into oil cako by pressure, yielding a cheap and
nourishing food for cattle.
The filtering material for liquids other than oil may be of any suitable kind.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :
1. In filtering apparatus for oil and other liquids perforated plates 3 placed in a
frame provided with ribs 4 in the manner that next to each set of two vertical plates
holding the filtering material there is alternately a space for the supply of the liquid
to he filtered and a space for the discharge of the filtered liquid leading from the filter
beds to a collecting chamber substantially as described and shown.
2. In combination with the apparatus referred to in claim 1 the means for regulating
the porosity of the filtering material by loosening or compressing the same substantially
as described and shewn.
Dated this 9th day of May 1890.
CAPITAINE & VON HERTLING,
89, Chancery Lane, London, W.O., Agents for the Applicant.