IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING THE HEAT DERIVED FROM THE CORSION OF
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Donald Grant, late of Her Majesty's Ordnance
Department, of Luton Place, Greenwich, in the County of Kent,
Esquire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF
APPLYING THE HEAT DERIVED FROM THE CORSION OF "
Scaled the 30th March 1853, and dated the 14th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Donald Grant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th October 1852.
I, DONALD GRANT, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING THE HEAT DERIVED
FROM THE COMBUSTION OF GAS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to economizing the heat of gas stoves,
whether employed for cooking or for heating apartments. I compose
the outer case of a framing of angle iron, the pannels of which are
filled in with slips of glass or other suitable bad conductor of heat piled
one upon the other, so that if from any accident damage should arise to

page_text: the pannelling it may be repaired at a small expense, the probability
being that the damage will be confined to one slip of the non-con-
ducting material. This pannelling I prefer to be double, in order the
more effectually to prevent the radiation of the heat. Within this case
the
gas burner is situate, and when licat is required to be imparted to
the room in which the stove is placed I surround the burner with tubes
of earthenware, which are open at top, but at bottom communicate
with an air supply chamber in communication with the outer atmo-
sphere. The burner is supplied with atmospheric air from another
chamber, and thus the amount permitted to flow thereto may be
regulated without diminishing the current which passes upwards
through the earthenware tubes into the apartment. A vent is made
for the passage of the gases resulting from the combustion of the gas to
the chimney of the apartment, and thereby these gases are prevented
from escaping into the apartment.
The stove when arranged for cooking has a similar provision, but the
earthenware pipes are not required, the space which they occupy being
used for the reception of the viands which are intended to be baked.
The door of the stove, whether used for cooking or heating, is composed
of glass, which enables the cook to ascertain the progress of. the
operation without opening the door and letting in an unnecessary
supply of air to the burner, and also prevents the gases arising from the
combustion of the gas from entering the apartment in case a downward
current of air from the chimney should give them a tendency to escape
in that direction. The heated vapors pass from the oven to the chimney
through a horizontal flue situate at the top of the oven, and immediately
beneath a chamber containing a second burner. The heated gases
enter this flue near the front of the stove, and passing to the back
escape to the chimney. Around this second burner is a coil of pipe
through which water or steam circulates, for the purpose of taking up
the waste heat from this burner (which is used for heating a stew par
or kettle), and communicating the same in the manner of the ordinary
hot water or steam circulating apparatus to any adjacent vessel required
to be heated.

page_text: ::
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Donald Grant in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 14th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
DONALD GRANT; late of Her Majesty's Ordnance Department, of Euton
Place, Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Esq, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty, Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Donald Grant, Her special licence
that I, the said Donald Grant, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Donald Grant, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom. of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
OF APPLYING THE HEAT DERIVED FROM THE COMBUSTION OF GAS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Donald Grant, by an instru
ment in writing under my hand and, scal, should particularly describe
and 'ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Donald Grant, do hereby
declare the nature of my said' Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say):
This Invention relates to certain means of economizing the heat
given off by the conibustion of gas in a gas stove. This object I in
part attain in stoves used for heating apartments by passing currents of

page_text: fresh air, taken direct from the outer atmosphere, up heated flues or
pipes, which are open at top to allow of the air when heated to
flow into the apartments. In cooking stoves I utilize the heat, which
would otherwise pass off to the chimney, by surrounding a burner (such
as that which is ordinarily employed for heating a stew pan or boiling a
kettle) with a coiled pipe connected at both ends with a boiler or other
receptacle for liquid, and by this means I create a circulation in the
liquid at the expense of the radiated heat which would otherwise be lost,
the vessel which is set above the burner being heated by the direct
action of the flame. I also effect a further economy in the use of the
heat given off by gas burners by using glass or earthenware panels of
a peculiar construction, as hereafter explained.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1, shews in sectional elevation
my improved stove for heating apartments; Fig. 2, is a sectional
plan taken in the line A, B, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3, is a sectional plan
taken in the line C, D, of the same Figure. a, a, is the outer case,
composed of a frame of angle iron, which is set upon a plinth b, made of
wood, stone, or other bad conductor of heat, and is filled in with panels
composed of slips of glass or earthenware c, piled up one upon the other,
and forming a good non-conducting filling to the frame. The mode of
constructing the panelling of the case will be best understood on
inspecting Figures 4, which represent a panel in side and sectional
edge view. The vertical bars of the metal frame are each provided
with a groove of sufficient width to receive the ends of two slips of glass
or earthenware when laid face to face. These slips I prefer to have
not deeper than from two to three inches, and I build them up in the
grooves in two lines, arranging them so that one line shall break joint
with the other. The object of using these slips is to provide a means
of rectifying at a small expense any damage that may arise to the
panelling, the probability being that when an accident occurs thereto it
will be confined to one or two slips, which may be readily replaced,
instead of necessitating the insertion of a new panel, which is requisite
when a single plate of non-conducting material is employed to fill a
panel. At the bottom part of the stove, within the plinth 6, is an air
chamber, which is divided into two compartments d, e. These chambers

page_text: are supplied with air by separate channels d*, and e, the air being
drawn direct from the outer atmosphere.
The air supplied by the channel or pipe d, to the compartment d, is
intended to be heated and passed in that state into the apartment, and
the air fed by the pipe e, to the chamber e, goes to the burner to
support combustion, and passes off with the products of combustion to
the chimney; f, f, is the gas supply pipe, and 9, is the burner, which
may be of any suitable construction. The top of the compartment e, of
the air chamber is pierced with a ring of holes as shewn in the plan
view Figure 2, to allow of air passing up to the burner to support
combustion, and holes are also made in the top of the compart-
ment d, to allow of the passage of air upwards. Over these latter
holes earthenware tubes h, h, are placed, for the purpose of con-
ducting up the air to be heated, and passing it out at the top of the
stove. These pipes project through a plate i, rivetted to the frame
of the stove, and are held in position by that plate. Above the plate,
and resting upon a ledge provided to receive it, is a glass or earthen-
ware cover k, (composed of slabs or tiles) which is pierced with holes
that are concentric with the tubes h, h, to allow of the air which flows
up those tubes passing into the apartment. A junction is made between
the tubes and this cover by cap pieces 7, which fit on the tubes, and
into the holes in the cover k, or the tubes themselves may be continued
to the cover and cemented thereto. Suspended over the burner g, and
supported by the plate i, is a bell shaped conductor m, which guides
the gaseous products of combustion to an earthenware tube n, in con-
nection with the chimney. This tube n, may be surrounded, if thought
desirable, by a casing composed of angle iron and slips of glass or earthen-
ware, as shewn in the Drawing. In order to generate heat by this
stove the air supply pipe e*, is opened by turning the cock shewn in
Fig. 2, and the gas is turned on and lighted. The damper of the
pipe d, is then opened, and air is admitted into the compartment d,
whence it rises up the tubes h, which are subjected to the heat of the
gas burner, and the temperature of the air becoming thereby elevated,
it passes out at the top of of the stove, and warms the apartment. By
this means it will be understood that fresh air of an elevated tempera-

page_text: ture may be thrown into an apartment in any required quantity (such
temperature being regulated by the quantity of air admitted into the
tubes h), and that without the possibility of the air being: injuriously
affected by admixture with gas or contact with heated metal. It, will
also be understood that as I have complete command over the supply
of air I am enabled to admit to the burner just the amount that is
required to support combustion, and thereby to prevent too great a draft
up the chimney.
:
At Fig. 5, my improved cooking stove is shewn in front elevation,
and at Fig. 6, in sectional elevation. The object in the use of this
.arrangement being to retain the heat within the casing, I employ but
one current of air which is supplied in the ordinary manner to support
the combustion, of the gas. The casing I construct as already ex-
plained with respect to the heating stove, as by this means I am enabled
to check to a great extent the radiation of the heat.
'p
In this stove I propose to employ double doors, the inner one of
which is of glass, and will allow of the attendant inspecting the viands
(to ascertain the progress of the cooking), and prevent the necessity for
the frequent opening of the door, which by permitting an access of cold
air greatly retards the cooking operation; the second door is of earthen-
ware, and is intended merely to prevent the radiation of heat. The
burner o, is situate (for the purpose of baking) in the lower part of the
stove, and at the upper part of the oven a horizontal flue p, is made,
the entrance to which is near the front of the stove. The design of
this flue is to prevent the sudden escape from the stove of the heated
gases, which by being led along the top of the oven render the heat
thereof more equable, and also to check the action of any downward
draft that may be set up in the chimney. Over the oven, but enclosed
in an upper compartment or second chamber, is a burner 9, suitable for
boiling a kettle, heating a stew pan, &c.;and surrounding this burner
is a coiled pipe r, the ends of which are connected by union joints to a
boilers, mounted on a bracket t,, carried,by. the stove frame.. This pipe
is intended to take up the waste. heat from the burner q, and transmit
it to water or other liquid contained in the boiler s.. The heating of
the water in the pipe. r,, will, as is well understood, cause the water

page_text: contained in the boiler to flow into and through the pipe, and re-enter
the boiler so long as the gas is kept burning. By this means water
may be kept hot when broiling or such like operation is being per-
formed, without the consumption of more gas than is required to effect
that operation.
And I
Having now described the nature of my Invention of improvements
in the means of applying the heat derived from the combustion of gas,
I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim the general arrangement and construction of stove for.
heating apartments, as above described. And particularly I claim
supplying gas stoves with two distinct currents of air for the purposes
above set forth, when such streams are capable of being regulated
respectively to suit the requirements of the apartment to be warmed,
and of the burner employed in the combustion of the gas.
also claim constructing the panels of gas stoves, as above explained.
With respect to cooking stoves I claim the use of double doors, the
inner one being filled with slips of glass, for the purposes above set
forth, and also the horizontal flue for equalizing the heat in the oven.
And I likewise claim the application thereto of the coiled pipe, whereby
I am enabled to heat the water or other fluid in an adjacent boiler by
availing myself of the waste heat of a gas burner employed for another
and a distinct purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Donald Grant, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFatt,
66, Chancery Lane.
DONALD GRANT. (L.S.)