IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR MAKING COKE
Year: 1882

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Brodie Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1882.
BRODIE COCHRANE of Durham in the County of Durham Colliery Owner
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR MAKING COKE "
My Invention relates to improvements in Ovens for making Coke and has for its
object to so construct the said Ovens as to utilizo the otherwise waste heat to the
utmost in heating the air supplied to the interior of the oven and at the same time
to protect the ovens from the loss of heat which occurs at the upper part of ovens
as ordinarily constructed thus effecting not only an increased yield of coke but also
a considerable saving in the time necessary for coking-
According to my said Invention I form over the upper part or dome of the oven
a second part or cover leaving a space between its interior and the exterior of the
ordinary upper part or dome-An adjustable opening is inade through the upper
part of the outer part or cover for the passage of air into the said space through or
around which the air passes being heated in its passage and escaping by an
opening or openings. at the lower part of the inner cover or wall into the
oven above the level of the coal being coked therein.
The said air space is
preferably formed in separate chambers provided with passages the one communi-
cating with the other and with stops or baffles so arranged as to cause the air to
pass in and through the first chamber in one direction then into the second
chamber and therethrough in a direction the reverse of that in which it passed in
the first chamber and so on alternately first in one direction and then in the other
direction until it finally issues into the oven-
-Or a spirally arranged wall or
division may be made in the said space forming a spiral chamber with the air
inlet to the space at one end and the air outlet to the oven at the other end
whereby the air takes a spiral course through the space continuously in the same
direction. The air if desired may be led into the aforesaid space through a passago,

page_text: or passages beneath the bottom of the oven and then upwards to the air inlet to
the said space.
In place of but one additional upper part forming but one air space between
itself and the ordinary roof or dome as described there may be two or more such
additional upper parts forming two or more air spaces the air in this case
passing from the outer space inwards to and through the outer spaces and
eventually from the innermost space to the oven.-Or each space may have a
separate air inlet and either each a separate inlet or inlets to the oven or one
cominon inlet or inlets-
Or the flame or products of combustion from the oven may be passed into one or
more of the spaces the other or others only being used as air spaces as aforesaid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Brodie Cochrane in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st August 1882.
"
BRODIE COCHRANE of Durham in the County of Durham Colliery Owner
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS FOR MAKING COKE."
My Invention relates to improvements in ovens for making coke and has for its
object to so construct the said ovens as to utilize to the utmost the otherwise
waste heat radiated from the ovens for heating the air supplied to the interior
of the oven and at the same time to protect the ovens from the loss and
irregularity of heat which occurs at the upper part of ovens as ordinarily con-
structed when the roofs or domes being exposed to the open air are liable to great
and sudden changes of temperature owing to winds rain snow and atmospheric
influences my said improvements effect not only an increased yield of coke but also
a considerable saving in the time necessary for coking.
According to my said Invention I form over the upper part or dome of the oven
a second part or cover leaving a space between its interior and the exterior of the
ordinary upper part or dome. An adjustable opening is made through the outer
part or cover for the passage of air into the said space through or around which the
air passes being heated in its passage and escaping by an opening or openings in
the inner cover or wall into the oven above the level of the coal being coked
therein. The said air space is preferably (though not necessarily) formed in
separate chambers provided with passages the one communicating with the other
and with stops or baffles so arranged as to cause the air to pass in and through the
first chamber in one direction then into the second chamber and therethrough in a
direction the reverse of that in which is passed in the first chamber and so on
alternately first in one direction and then in the other direction until it finally
issues into the oven Or a spirally arranged wall or division may be made in the
said space forming a spiral chamber with the air inlet to the space at one end and

page_text: the air outlet to the oven at the other end whereby the air takes a spiral course
through the space continuously in the same direction. The air if desired
may be led into the aforesaid space through a passage or passages beneath
the bottom of the oven or in connection with the flue and thence by a passage or
passages to the air inlet to the said space Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawing represents in vertical section a coke oven constructed according to my
Invention and Figure 2 is a section of the top of the same taken through the
line 1-2 Figure 1 The ordinary upper part or dome is marked A, Over this
upper part or dome I form a second part or cover B leaving a space between the
exterior of the ordinary dome A and the interior of the cover B. Into this
space the opening b for air thereto is made the said opening being preferably
provided with a damper c for adjusting the degree of opening for the passage of the
air by the said opening to the said space. An air outlet or outlets from this spaco
to the interior of the oven is or are provided as at a In these figures 1 and 2 I
have shewn the said space as being provided with a spiral wall or baffle & forming
a spiral passage e for the air which is thus caused to take a course through the
said passage from the inlet 6 to the exit a as indicated by the arrows in figure 2. In
these Figures I have also shewn a chamber F provided with baffles f as being built
upon the main flue G into which the outlet flues (g) from the ovens pass as usual.
The said outlet flues (g) are of course carried through the space between the dome A
and cover B so as not to communicate with the said space. The air before it
enters the space e passes into this chamber F by the opening f' and becoming
heated therein by the waste heat of the flue passes by the passage f³ and by the
opening b into the space e. This chamber Finay be in other situation where it
can become heated by the waste heat of the oven. It may be beneath the oven
for example if desired being in communication by passages with the air inlet bor
it may be entirely dispensed with and the external air be admitted directly by
the opening b. It will be understood that the spiral & may be omitted if desired
or that other baffling arrangements may be employed to divide the spaco e to give
an extended passage for the air from the inlet b through the space e and to the
interior of the oven.
In place of but one additional upper part forming but one air space between
itself and the ordinary roof or dome as described there may be two or more such
additional upper parts forming two or more air spaces the air in this case passing
from the outer space inwards to and through the other spaces and eventually from
the innermost space to the oven. Or each space may have a separate air inlet and
either each a separate inlet or inlets to the oven or one common inlet or inlets.
Or the flame or products of combustion from the oven may be passed into one
or more of the spaces the other or others only being used as air spaces as
aforesaid Figure 3 is a vertical section of an oven shewing an example of this
last mentioned modification There are three domes or covers B1 B2 B3 additional
to the ordinary dome A the spaces e¹ e², are in communication with each other and
form the passage for the air to the oven. The space is in communication with
the exit from the oven and forms part of the flue to the chimney the products
from the oven entering the said space by the channel g the said channel being
continued past the space e through the surrounding brickwork g³. The course of
the products of combustion from the oven is indicated by the dotted arrows. The
air enters the space by the opening b and passes therethrough and by the
passage b into the space c and therethrough and therefrom by the opening a
into the interior of the oven.
It will be understood that my Invention is applicable to coke ovens of other
forms than those shewn in the drawing.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is.

page_text: First. In coke ovens, providing the ordinary dome, or roof, with a second dome,
casing, or cover, or several such casings, or covers, forming an air chamber, or cham-
bers, distinct from the flue (by which the gases leave the oven), and having an air
inlet, or inlets, and air exit, or exits, for the heated air to the interior of the oven at
another part, or parts, so that the air entering is compelled to traverse the chamber, or
chainbers, before entering the oven, thereby tending to keep the top of the oven at a
regular temperature by means of an air chamber, or of chambers, fulfilling the sole
other office of admitting the air to the oven, such air being heated by the radiated heat
of the oven whether such air chamber, or chambers, be used, with, or without,
divisions, or baffles, and in combination, or not, with other distinct, or separate,
chamber, or chambers, for the passage of the products of combustion from the oven
to the flue, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Second. In coke ovens provided with an air heating chamber or chambers as
claimed in the preceding claiming clause, providing the said chamber, or chambers,
with an arrangement for giving a circuitous, baffled, or tortuous, passage for the air
therethrough.
Third. In coke ovens provided with two, or more, additional domes, casings, or
covers, forming two, or more, chambers, or passages, therebetween as herein
described, the employment of one, or more, of the chambers as chamber for
heating the air passing into the oven and the other, or others, as passages for the
products of combustion from the oven to the flue, the said chamber, or chambers,'
for the air being entirely separate and distinct from the said passage ог
passages to the flue substantially as herein before described with reference to
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Brodie Cochrane have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal this eighteenth day of August One thousand eight
hundred and eighty two.