IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF APPLYING STEAM AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1845

page_text: DETMOLD'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
ADOLPH DETMOLD, of the City of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-first day of July, in the ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Julius Adolph Detmold, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Julius Adolph Detmold, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Julius Adolph Detmold,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF APPLYING STEAM AS A MOTIVE POWER," being a communication from
a Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said Julius Adolph Detmold, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chan-
cery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, refe-
rence being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said.
Julius Adolph Detmold, do hereby declaro that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly.
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say):-
It is well known that the expansive force of steam is dependent, in a great
measure, upon the temperature at which it is allowed to act upon the piston of
a steam engine cylinder; and therefore, if the temperature of the steam in its
passage from the boilor to the cylinder can be increased, the expansive force
of the steam will bo also increased in proportion, and a great economy of steam
and fuel will consequently take place. The Inventor of the present improve-
ments, for which I have obtained Her Majesty Letters Patent as aforesaid,
has endeavoured to effect this object in as convenient and economical a manner
as possible. The Invention consists in taking steam generated in the usual
way in an ordinary boiler, and subjecting it to a high degree of heat before it
is allowed to pass into the cylinder, and also subjecting the cylinder to the
action of heat in order to maintain the steam contained therein at a proper
tension. The steam thus acted upon is taken from the boiler in a dry state,
and after being heated without the presence of water, is allowed to pass into
the cylinder, which, as before stated, is also heated to a high temperature.
By these means an increased volume of steam, of an increased tension, is
obtained, and the temperature of the steam while operating in the cylinder is
maintained to a considerable degree. This mode of treating and applying the
steam will give a greater increase in power than could be obtained by employ-
ing the same amount of heat to generate more steam, or to increase the
density of the steam by converting a larger body of water into steam. It will
be evident to every intelligent engineer that the means or arrangement of parts
whereby this Invention may be carried into effect must be varied according to
the circumstances of each particular case, and that, even when similar cases
occur, the improvements may be applied in a variety of different ways. I do
not, therefore, intend to confine myself to any particular arrangement or con-
struction of parts; but, in order that the Invention and the manner of carrying
the same into effect may be clearly understood, I have shewn, in the accom
panying Drawing, a mode of applying the Invention to the boiler of a stationary
engine. a, a, is an ordinary boiler with tubular flues; b, b, b, b, the boiler, is
mounted in brickwork or masonry; and c, c, is the chimney or stack which
conveys away the smoke; d, d, is the fireplace; and c, a dome which forms part
of the steam space of the boiler, and is filled with steam which escapes there-

page_text: from through the copper pipe or tube f,f; the upper end of this tube has a
covering lid or valve g adapted to it. This valve is fixed on the lower end of
a vertical rod h, which is furnished with a handle, as seen in the Drawing,
whereby it is moved up and down, and the end of the tube is thereby opened
or closed at will, so as to regulate the quantity of steam which passes through
the tubes. i is the safety valve, and j, j, j, is the steam heating apparatus, con-
sisting of a worm or coil of copper tubing, connected at one end to the horizontal
steam pipe ff, its opposite end being in communication with the valve box or
boxes k of the working cylinder or cylinders Z, Z. in represents the piston rods,
which communicate motion from the pistons in the cylinders to any machinery
that may be required. From this explanation of the different parts of the
apparatus it will be seen that the steam from the steam space in the boiler
first enters the pipe f, f, and from thence passes into the heating apparatus or
worm or coil j, j, where by its exposure to the heat of the furnace its tempera-
ture is very much increased, and after circulating through the whole length of
the coil the steam eventually enters the cylinder or cylinders 1, 2, through the
valve boxes k, both the cylinders and valve boxes being also exposed to the
action of the heat from the fire, the temperature of the steam is maintained
and its tension thereby kept up. If it is required to apply the Invention to
locomotive boilers, it will be evident that the arrangement of the apparatus
must be entirely different to that shewn in the Drawing, although the principle
will remain the same; for instance, it will be evident to every engineer that it
will be extremely inconvenient to place the cylinders of a locomotive engine
immediately above the furnace, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing; in
such cases I should place the cylinders in the smoke box at the end of the
boiler, as is often done at present, and the heating apparatus or coil or worm
in which the steam is heated may also be placed at that end of the boiler in
such a manner as to be acted upon by the waste heat which escapes into the
flue. I would here observe, that when I find it more convenient to remove
the cylinder and steam heating apparatus from the neighbourhood of the
furnace, I sometimes employ an additional fire or fires to heat these parts
separately, unless I can conveniently make use of the waste heat arising from
the furnace connected with the boiler. I, therefore, wish it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to heating the steam and the cylinder
or cylinders by means of the furnace of the boiler, as shown in the Drawing,
nor do I intend to confine myself to heating the steam in a worm or coil, as
herein shewn and described, as other constructions or arrangements of appa-
ratus may be advantageously employed to effect this object, although I prefer
the apparatus shewn and described as being extremely effective, convenient,
economical, and little liable to derangement.

page_text: Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to me by
my Foreign Correspondent, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
claim, as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent,
First, the employment of a separate steam heating apparatus which contains
no water, and into which apparatus steam generated in the usual manner is
conveyed, and from its exposure to the action of the fire receives an increased
temperature exceeding that of the steam in the boiler.
Secondly, the application or employment of steam so heated to a cylinder or
cylinders also kept at a high temperature by exposure to the heat of a fire,
whereby the temperature of the steam operating in the cylinder is maintained
to a convenient degree.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Adolph Detmold, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fortu