Improvements in Internal Combustion Oil Engines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 20th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Oil Engines.
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers Limited, Openshaw,
Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object the simplification of internal combustion oil
engines by using one oil pump only for the purpose of supplying oil to the engine,
and also to a lamp for heating the vaporizer and ignition tube.
The
In carrying ont this invention a small pump is driven from any suitably timed
moving part of the engine. An eccentric on the side-shaft of an oil engine of the
"Otto
type is a convenient method of driving this pump, which is timed to
deliver oil during the intervals between the suction strokes of the engine. The
pump is made large enough to deliver what is necessary for a charge, as well as
the small quantity required for the lamp, and an ample surplus to compensate for
any slip past the valves. The pump has an ordinary suction valve, and two
delivery valves, one to the pressure vessel of the lamp, and one to supply 'the
charge to the engine, the surplus also passing through this latter valve.
lamp by preference is of the type in which petroleum or other suitable oil is
contained under suitable pressure in an enclosed vessel, the pressure forcing the
oil to a combined vaporizer and burner, the flame of the burner itself supplying
the heat necessary to vaporize the oil, which is burned as a jet of vapour; such
lamps work very well with a pressure of say 20 lbs. to the square inch (more or
less). The delivery valve to the lamp pressure vessel is a simple non-return valve.
The second delivery valve which supplies oil for the cylinder charge is loaded, say,
by means of a spring to, say, 20 lbs. per square inch (more or less). It thus
cannot lift until the lamp pressure vessel is first supplied with as much oil as it will
contain at the determined pressure. All the rest of the oil pumped must pass this
spring loaded valve and is conducted to a measuring apparatus such as described in
Letters Patent No. 24584, A.D. 1893 or to any other suitable contrivance for
measuring. The surplus passes back by an overflow pipe to the oil tank. For
conveniently starting the lamp the pump may be disconnected from the shaft and
worked by hand.
In another arrangement instead of using two delivery valves the forcing stroke
of the oil pump may be used to lift a small loaded plunger, which, shortly after its
lifting stroke commences, passes a small hole to supply the lamp pressure, and on
this pressure being satisfied, lifts a little further, and the rest of the oil passes
through a second hole to the oil measurer and overflow. The load on the small
plunger determines the pressure in the lamp pressure vessel.
'
It will be understood that this invention enables one pump to be utilised for a
double purpose, firstly supplying the lamp pressure vessel at any predetermined
and adjustable pressure, and, secondly, passing all surplus to the oil engine
charge measurer or to the overflow. Slight modifications of the means described
may be made, and other forms of lamp not necessarily of the high pressure type
may be adopted.

page_text: Improvements in Internal Combustion Oil Engines.
i
I, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw,
Manchester, Engineer,, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object the simplification of internal combustion oil
engines by using one oil pump only for the purpose of supplying oil to the engine
and also to a lamp which requires oil under pressure for heating the vaporizer and
ignition tube.
To enable this invention to be clearly understood, we append drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows one arrangement, and Figure 2 shows an alternative arrangement.
In carrying out this invention a small pump, A. Figure 1, is driven from any
suitably timed moving part of the engine. An eccentric, B, on the side shaft of
an oil engine of the "Otto " type is a convenient method of driving this
pump.
The pump is timed to deliver oil during the intervals between the suction strokes of
the engine and is made large enough to deliver what is necessary for a charge as.
well as the small quantity required for the lamp and an ample surplus to com-
pensate for any slip past the valves. The pump A has an ordinary suction
valve, C, and two delivery valves. One of these delivery valves, D, passes the oil
which is used in the pressure lamp, and the other one, E passes the oil used to
supply the charge, the surplus also passing through this valve E, and is returned
to the oil tank by means of an overflow pipe.
The lamp, by preference, is of the type in which petroleum or other suitable oil
is contained under suitable pressure in an enclosed vessel, the pressure forcing the
oil to a combined vaporizer burner, the flame of the burner itself supplying the
heat necessary to vaporize the oil which is burned as a jet of vapour. This is a
type of lamp which is very commouly used for this purpose, and works with a
pressure varying considerably, according to circumstances, but in many instances
a suitable pressure is 20 to 30 lbs. per square inch. The delivery valve D is a
simple non-return valve. The second delivery valve, E, which supplies oil for the
cylinder charge is loaded, say, by means of a spring, to the pressure necessary to
supply the lamp. It thus cannot lift until the lamp pressure vessel is first supplied
with as much oil as it will contain at the determined pressure. A reservoir, G,
acts as an air vessel, maintaining a steady pressure in the lamp, the oil being
carried to the lamp by means of the pipe H. All the rest of the oil pumped must
pass the spring loaded valve E, and is conducted by means of the pipe F to a
measuring apparatus, which may be similar to that described in Letters Patent
No. 24584, A.D. 1893, such measuring apparatus being of a certain capacity just
large enough to contain the necessary amount of oil required to form one charge,.
the surplus passing by means of an overflow pipe back to the oil tank. For
conveniently starting the lamp, the pump may be disconnected from the
eccentric B and worked by hand, a suitable pin, K, being removed to enable
this operation and the re-connection to be: readily performed. The adjustment
of the oil pressure to the lamp is regulated by means of the screwed cover l
In another arrangement, instead of the two delivery valves E & D the forcing
stroke of the oil pump A lifts a small loaded plunger L. Shortly after the lifting
stroke of this plunger L commences, its lower edge passes a small hole, M, which
allows oil to pass to the lamp under pressure by means of the pipe N, and on this
pressure being satisfied, the plunger lifts further, until it opens another small
hole O at a higher level, allowing the rest of the oil to pass through this opening
by means of the pipe P to the oil measuring vessel and to the overflow. The

page_text: weight Q, on the small plunger L, determines the pressure in the lamp pressure.
vessel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In internal combustion oil engines the use of an oil pump driven by the engine
so that it makes a timed delivery once for each possible working stroke, this.
delivery of oil being made under pressure in such a manner that a lamp of the
type which requires pressure to work it, is supplied constantly with oil at any
desired adjustable pressure, the rest of the oil pumped, first fills a measuring
vessel which measures each charge supplied to the engine and the balance passes
back by an overflow pipe to the oil tank, substantially as described, and
illustrated.
2. In internal combustion oil engines the use of an oil pump driven by the engine
so that it makes a timed delivery once for each possible working stroke, this
delivery of oil being made under pressure partly through the delivery valve D to
a chamber G which supplies oil at a suitable and adjustable pressure to a lamp of
the type which works under pressure and partly through the loaded delivery
valve E to a measuring chamber which measures each charge of oil to the engine,
the balance passing by an overflow pipe to the oil tank, substantially as described
and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In internal combustion oil engines the use of an oil pump driven by the engine
so that it makes a timed delivery once for each possible working stroke, this.
delivery of oil being made under pressure partly through the passage M and pipe N
to a chamber which supplies oil at a suitable and adjustable pressure to a lamp of
the type which works under pressure and partly through the passage O and the
pipe P at a higher level to a measuring chamber which measures each charge of
oil to the engine, the balance passing by an overflow pipe to the oil tank, the
openings to the passages M and O being controlled by the loaded plunger L,
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 10th day of November 1805