IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, AND SIMILAR TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1879. A communication from
abroad by The Company Marqués Caralt and Co., and Messieurs Mariano,
Domingo, and Perrin de Bizy, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
FLAX, HEMP, AND SIMILAR TEXTILE MATERIALS." [A communication from abroad
by The Company Marqués Caralt and Co., and Messieurs Mariano, Domingo, and
Perrin de Bizy, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to a spinning machine or frame for spinning and winding
flax, hemp, jute, and other long textile materials, the said frame being furnished
with spindles without fliers, upon which spindles the torsion of the thread is effected
by means of a ring.
The said Invention, although applicable to machines of new construction, is
particularly advantageous for the economical transformation of old machines with
fliers into ring spinning machines.
The object of this application or transformation is to give to the spindles a much
greater speed than heretofore, and consequently to greatly increase the rate of
production of the machine, diminishing at the same time the power employed,
and rendering it possible to employ operators with but little knowledge of
machinery.
Ring spinning has been beretofore employed for cotton, but the great expense
and difficulty connected therewith have prevented its adoption for the machines to
which this Invention relates. The said Invention may be carried into practice at
small cost, and the details of construction are necessarily subject to some modifica-
tions according to the kind or construction of machines to which this Invention is
to be applied. It is an important feature that I retain as many of the parts of the
ordinary frame or machine having fliers as can be used, adding very few new parts,
in order that new machines may be made with only a trifling expense for new
patterns, thus permitting manufacturers to sell the improved frames at the same
price as the ordinary flier frames, and the owners of old machines to transform them
at a very small cost.
I will now proceed to describe a machine transformed according to the said
Invention, but it is to be understood that alterations in detail may be made
according to special circumstances under which the said Invention may be
employed.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure
transverse section of an ordinary frame or machine for

page_text: spinning flax and hemp transformed according to my Invention for ring spinning,
the chief parts of the old machine being retained.
Figure 2 shews the winding or copping mechanism applied to the said frame.
Figure 3 represents on an enlarged scale my improved arrangement of bobbin
spindle.
Figure 4 shews, also on an enlarged scale, different forms of rings for effecting
the torsion of the thread.
As shewn in the Drawing the frame or machine comprises a ring holder, balance.
supporting mechanism for fixing the bobbin on the spindle, and a special arrange-
ment for copping or winding, which may be varied according to the construction of
the machines to which it is to be applied.
In Figure 3 I have shewn the spindle and bobbin, and the method which I prefer
to adopt for carrying the bobbin around. The form of the spindle may be slightly
varied, also its dimensions, but I retain ordinarily those of the machines heretofore
in use; the bobbin may also be of any other form or dimensions. The carrying
around of the bobbin may be effected by different means, that is to say, by friction,
by means of the conical form of the spindle or otherwise, provided the bobbin does
not slide over the spindle. I have shewn a device N for this purpose which is
simple and does not necessitate any special adaptation of the spindle.
As seen in Figure 1 the sliver a unrolls from the spool or reel A. and is drawn out
to be reduced to the thread required. In machines with which water is employed
the sliver traverses a trough B and is held in the water by a rod b, it then passes
over the sliver-guides d and to the feeding cylinders C and the drawing cylinders D,
whence it arrives at the guide E; it then traverses the piece F carried by the ring,
and is wound up after having been suitably twisted on a bobbin G under the
combined action of the spindle and the ring. Bolster holders H maintain the
spindle, to which movement is transmitted by a small pulley I, and which revolves
at its lower part in a socket fitted in a socket holder J.
A spindle K gives motion to the twisting lever, and a drum or cylinder I imparts
'motion to the spindle by means of bands, straps, or the like, whose tension is
regulated by stretching pulleys M. The device N mounted on the spindle serves to
carry round the bobbin G. The shaft K carries a toothed wheel O which in rotating
causes the piece P to oscillate round a point Q by acting upon a rack bar R, R.
This oscillating motion changes into an up and down movement, causing the ring
holder to alternately rise and fall. The mechanism for gradually laying the rising
threads is constructed as follows, that is to say :-
A pawl S fixed on an arm of the piece P engages in the teeth of a ratchet wheel,
and a pawl S* fixed to the frame of the machine causes the ratchet wheel to advance
one or several teeth, as required, on the oscillation to the left of the piece P which
shortens to a corresponding degree the chains supporting the ring-holder balance.
A pinion e keyed on the shaft of the ratchet wheel engages with a gear wheel f
mounted on the same axis as the pulley g keyed on the same shaft as the wheel f
and winding more or less the chains h and h* according as the rings twist higher
or lower on the bobbin.
The diameter of the pinion e and of the ratchet wheel may vary according to
requirements. The oscillating movement of the balance is transmitted to the rings
by the chains h and h* passing over pulleys i upon whose axes are mounted small
pulleys k carrying the chains which cause the ring holder to rise and fall for the
form of twist which is effected on the spindle T.
I have shewn in Figure 4 different forms of rings U, V, with the parts X which
I apply for the spinning of flax, hemp, and other long textile materials.