matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROTECTING COPPER PIPES AND COOKING AND OTHER VESSELS FROM BEING CHEMICALLY ACTED UPON BY SUBSTANCES PASSED THROUGH OR CONTAINED IN THEM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Redwood and Thomas
Francis Blackwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
18th December 1880.
THEOPHILUS REDWOOD, of 17, Bloomsbury Square, and THOMAS FRANCIS
BLACKWELL, of 21, Soho Square, both in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROTECTING COPPER PIPES AND COOKING AND OTHER VESSELS FROM
BEING CHEMICALLY ACTED UPON BY SUBSTANCES PASSED THROUGH OR CONTAINED
IN THEM."
This Invention has for its object improvements in protecting copper pipes and
cooking and other vessels from being chemically acted upon by substances passed
through or contained in them.
The Invention is specially applicable to copper pans in which pickles, jams,
marmalades, and other preparations are made, which by acting on and dissolving
copper become thereby contaminated. According to our Invention we coat the
outside or part of the outside of the pans with zinc, and this may be done by a
method similar to that which is adopted in galvanizing iron, or by precipitating
zine from a solution on to the surface of the copper by electricity, or by otherwise
bringing zinc into direct metallic contact with the outside of the copper vessel.
In this manner a galvanic action is caused, which by increasing the electro-
negative or inactive state of the copper serves to protect its uncoated and exposed
surface from being chemically acted upon by substances brought into contact
with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLE LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Errington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1880.
WILLIAM CHARLES ERRINGTON, of No. 2, Burchell Road, Queen's Road, Peckham,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLE LAMPS."
The improvements consist in the construction of a duplex or double lamp, in or
of one piece of frame and in two compartments, the upper to be placed over the
axle of the bicycle and the lower under. Also in so constructing the lamp that it
may rest on the axle of the bicycle, hang plumb, and be easily fastened and
removed. The compartments of the lamps may be similar to those in use, and the
frame made of metal wire with a portion hooked or otherwise formed to grasp and
rest on the axle, and a screwed shaft with an adjustable support with a nut working
on said shaft may be used to fasten the lamp in place on the axle, or other con-
venient mode of fastening may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fellows Harrington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1880.
GEORGE FELLOWS HARRINGTON, of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS."
My Invention relates to improvements upon a former Invention for which I
obtained Letters Patent, dated July 24th 1877, No. 2813, and has reference to the
form of the twin hulls, the position of the screw propeller, and the mode of utilising
the displaced water for propelling and impelling the vessel and filling in the wake
between the hulls. In carrying out my Invention in order to effect these objects
I form the immersed parts of the twin hulls with a bottomless longitudinal water-
way between them, the immersed part of the inward bow of each hull being formed
to converge about half the water which the hulls meet upon a screw propeller,
which according to my present Invention is made to work at an angle of about
20 degrees between the hulls near the bows, so as to raise the water and force it
backwards when propelling the vessel. The immersed part of the outward bow of
each hull and the upper part of the twin hulls are joined and formed similar to
the bows of an ordinary vessel, so as to throw off the water which the screw
propeller does not take, and to raise the front of the vessel as it proceeds. The
immersed parts of the inward sterns of the twin hulls are shaped to form a
receptacle to receive the falling water to impel the vessel as it moves forward.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BICYCLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warner Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1880.
FREDERICK WARNER JONES, of Exeter, in the County of Devon. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BICYCLES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO
OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention relates to improvements in bicycles, parts of which are applicable
to other velocipedes, and has for its objects the rendering of bicycles safer than
those hitherto in use; to permit of the rider's weight being utilised as a propelling
power; to prevent the spokes in the wheels of bicycles and velocipedes generally
from twisting and loosening, and to prevent bicycles from falling when at rest.
"
In order to carry out the first part of my Invention I allow considerable "rake
or inclination backwards in the front fork. To each side or prong of the fork,
conveniently about half-way between the hub and steering centre, but varying
according to the height of the machine, a short projecting pin is fixed, which forms
the axis for an arm which depends therefrom, and the lower end of which is
slotted,
I pivot a lever to the extremity of each of these depending arms, which lever
may be fixed in any part of the slot aforesaid to suit the height of different riders.
One end of each lever extends backwards and carries the pedal at its furthest
backward extremity. The other end, which may be slotted, is attached to the
cranks, which are also slotted, in order that the "throw may be lengthened or
shortened according to circumstances.
"
To carry out another part of my Invention, the prevention of loose or twisted
spokes, I make the heads of the spokes where they screw into the hub flat on
each side, aud secure them by means of a plate on each side, the heads of the spokes
being securely bolted between the plates.
To carry out another part of my Invention I fix an arm to the lower end of the
fork on each side. This arm is curved partly round the axle and brought down
about four inches below it; at the end of the arm is fixed a centre pin which works
in a lever, one end of which depends on the ground, and the other is fastened by
means of a rod or chain to the handle of the bicycle, which handle rotates. I
either curve the lever where it meets the ground or fix a small wheel thereto, and
I keep the lever off the ground when not required for a support by means of a
spring attached to the fork.
By the adoption of this bicycle great additional power is gained; the rider
being directly over the pedals an improved motion of the legs is obtained, and the
danger of falling over the handles or to one side is done away with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEYS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION, WHICH PULLEYS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eduard Carl Friedrich Otto at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1880.
EDUARD CARL FRIEDRICH OTTO, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PULLEYS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION, WHICH PULLEYS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object an improved construction of pulley for
transmitting motion, which combines the advantages of great lightness with
increased strength, and is therefore not only adapted for ordinary purposes, but is
also specially applicable for purposes where a high rate of speed is required.
My Invention consists in making a pulley of two discs of sheet iron, steel, or other
suitable metal or material securely fastened together in any convenient manner, the
sides whereof are formed more or less convex by suitable pressure, or otherwise,
while the periphery of each disc is so shaped that when united a suitable groove or
surface is formed for the reception of the band, which may be either round or
flat. Each disc has a central aperture to receive a hub, which hub has also a
central orifice to receive a shaft axle or pin in order to transmit motion; or the
pulley may run loose.
In order to obtain lightness I perforate the discs either in the form of the spokes
of a wheel, or in any other suitable manner, and where strength and lightness are
required to be combined I make such spokes corrugated or half round, or such discs
may remain unperforated and have their entire surfaces corrugated.
In order to impart additional strength I sometimes place round the rim of the
pulley an external belt of any suitable metal or material, so as to afford a better
purchase to the driving band, the surface of which ring or belt may be trued, so as
to present a perfect surface to the driving band.
My improved pulley may also be used as a gearing wheel, and when intended so
to be applied I form the surface of its periphery toothed, so as to adapt it for
gearing purposes.
Another great advantage is, that my improved system of manufacture permits of
the pulley being made of wrought iron instead of cast iron, thus obviating all risk
of fracture from high speed.
The rims of the pulleys may also be provided or covered with vulcanite, leather,
or india rubber, so as to gear into and impart motion to each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hargreaves at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1880.
"
JOHN HARGREAVES, of Chadderton Heights, Royton, near Oldham, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist. IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBRES."
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the rim band which is now
employed for driving the tin cylinder or roller, such tin cylinder, by means of
smaller bands, driving the spindles.
My improvement consists in the employment of a horizontal fluted-roller, which
is placed at right angles to the tin cylinder, and is supported by a shaft at each
end. A pair of bevel wheels is fixed on the mule's carriage gearing with each
other. To each of these bevel wheels is fixed a spur wheel, one of which gears on
to the fluted roller, and the other to a pinion which is fixed on the tin cylinder
shaft.
When this fluted-roller is set in motion it drives the spur and bevel wheels, and
the spur wheel gearing to the pinion on the tin cylinder shaft, communicating
motion thereto, and at the same time allows the wheel to traverse backward and
forward in the flutings of the roller with the carriage carrying the spindles.
A winch is fixed on the outer shaft supporting the roller, by which the spindles
are adjusted for the purpose of "hooking-up" or "whipping" the cop-bottoms.
Motion is given to the horizontal fluted roller by means of strap or other means
from the rim shaft of the headstock of this class of machinery.
By this means the machine is simplified, the rim bands are dispensed with, and
one of the frequent causes of fire in these machines is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY COUPLINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Hawgood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1880.
HARRY HAWGOOD, Civil Engineer, of 4, Park Terrace, Archway Road, Highgate,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY COUPLINGS."
The object of this Invention is to couple and uncouple railway vehicles without
exposing men to the risks attendant upon passing between or under the buffers,
and to provide means when required for tightening the couplings referred to in
this Specification.
I shape or form the last link of the coupling chain thus ; the bolt or pin
which connects this link to the other portion of the chain passes through an eye
on which suitable projections are made; a cranked shaft running parallel to the
buffer beam catches these projections, throwing the link over or removing it from
the adjoining waggon or other vehicles' draw-hook.
Where it is required to tighten such couplings, I use a right and left handed
screw placed under the body of the vehicle; this screw engages with bars arranged
to form a "toggle," or in place of the screw and "toggle" a cylinder actuated by
water or other pressure is used. When a central buffer is used I attach the
connecting hook or pin to two side rods connected by a short lever bearing on a
spring; a screw is formed on one rod for tightening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernst Heinrich Greeven at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1880. A communication
from abroad by Georg Albert Greeven, of Düsseldorf, in the German Empire,
Engineer.
ERNST HEINRICH GREEVEN, of 145, Cheapside, in the City of London, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING APPARATUS." (A communication from
abroad by Georg Albert Greeven, of Düsseldorf, in the German Empire, Engineer.)
"
The Invention relates to that class of pumping apparatus known as
'pulsometers," in which chambers are provided for the receipt and discharge of
liquid to be operated upon, and the desired effect is obtained by the action of
steam through a suitable valve on the liquid in the chambers, alternately by
condensation to create a vacuum for the inflow, and then by acting on the surfaco
to produce the discharge of the liquid, aided by suitable valves.
In carrying out the Invention as communicated to me, the supply of steam to
these chambers for the alternate receipt and discharge of liquid, is such, that steam
may be supplied to each of a pair of them alternately from the main, whilst there is
also constant supply of a certain quantity of steam to both by a small boring
through the valve itself, or by a passage in or past the partition between the
chambers, or by separate small external pipes (with adjustable taps or valves), or
thoir equivalent.
In these arrangements a continual flow of steam takes place into both pump
chambers, so that each chainber of the pump receives a certain quantity of steam
even during the time of suction.
AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR SOWING POTATOES, TURNIPS, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE PLANTED PREFERABLY IN Rows
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOSHUA SCOTT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR SOWING POTATOES, TURNIPS, AND OTHER
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE PLANTED PREFERABLY IN Rows."
This Invention consists essentially of one, two, or more wheels with pockets in
their circumference to hold the potatoes or seed, brushes to clean the wheels,
elevators from a reservoir of potatoes or seed below to supply the wheels, a spout
from elevator to wheel, reservoir to hold the seed or potatoes, an extra wheel or
wheels on a movable axis or axes hereafter more particularly mentioned, and the
framework and handle.
I prefer the pockets curved, so that the potatoes or seeds cannot drop out till
they reach the lowest portion of the wheel. In practice I prefer to make the
wheels in two parts bolted together, and embracing in their grasp a hoop iron bent
to form the curved pockets. There can be several different sizes of pockets, and
variously spaced, supplied with each machine. The elevators are useful to feed a
single potato or seed or numbers of seeds into each pocket, and as the man walks
behind the machine he can at once detect any failure to bring up a potato or seed
by any bucket of the elevator and supply the defect. A spring lever knocks each
potato out of the elevator as it comes to the top. An extra wheel (before
mentioned) is required for each sowing wheel to throw the latter off the ground
when not sowing. This can be placed on a movable axis worked by a lever, so
that by lowering the lever the spare wheel is brought down; and by this means
the sowing wheel is raised clear of the ground. By each sowing wheel attached
to the frame I place a rotary or other brush to brush the sowing wheel as it
revolves and cleause it from adhering dirt..
If required I place both seed and potato apparatus on the same wheel, the
potatoe on one side and the seed on the other, the buckets of the two elevators of
course differing greatly in size, distance apart, et cetera, and only one set being in
use at one time.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS OR LANTERNS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1880. A communication
from abroad by Christian Doxrud, of Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS OR LANTERNS." A communication from abroad by Christian
Doxrud, of Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway.
The improvements are specially intended for lamps burning volatile or mineral
oils, and have the object of preventing explosions or other accidents.
The improvements consist in enclosing the oil in a ring shaped reservoir forming
the base of the lamp, and admitting through its centre air which enters only through
a cylindrical grid placed at the bottom of the oil vessel and passes then to the
burner, which is only carried by the wick case, but otherwise isolated from the oil
vessel, and surrounded by air so as to diminish as much as possible the transmission
of heat to the latter.
On the top of the oil vessel is fixed a smaller cylinder, which serves for attaching
a glass globe and frame, and the latter carries at the top a perforated cylinder for
the passage of gases. The bottom sieve as well as the top sieve is surrounded by
a solid cylinder leaving an annular air space between the latter and the sieve. The
oil vessel is provided with a lateral opening for filling in oil, and placed at such a
height that the vessel cannot be filled more than halfway.
The oil vessel communicates further with the air by a small hole at the top of a
thin tube situated in the air passage in the centre of the oil vessel, and serving as a
stay for the wick pipe.
LASTING BOOTS AND SHOES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lindley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1880.
JOSEPH LINDLEY, of Lecds, in the County of York.
'LASTING BOOTS AND SHOES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of my Invention is to dispense with skilled labour and the expensive
machinery employed in the "lasting of boots and shoes, and for this purpose
instead of the edges of the upper being drawn over the "last, either by hand or
machinery, and secured to the inner solo. According to my improvements I apply a
piece or pieces of leather, cloth, or other suitable like material, and sew it to both
edges of the upper, after which the upper is drawn on to the "last," and is ready
to receive the sole, the desired lap over the "last" being provided for the purpose
of securing the sole thereto, either for rivets, pegging, or stitching. The piece or
Instead of the
pieces referred to is or are cut to any peculiarity in the "lasts."
intermediate piece or pieces the upper may be made of a larger size of leather, and
the edges sewn together to suit the shape of the "last;" this being done, and the
upper placed on the "last," it is also ready to receive the sole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIGGING POTATOES AND IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY APPLICABLE THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1880.
THOMAS TURNER, of 8, South Crescent Chambers, Liverpool, and Downholland,
both in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIGGING POTATOES AND
IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY APPLICABLE THEREFOR."
This Invention consists chiefly in a new form of apparatus for digging potatoes.
Instead of the revolving forks or ploughs now in use, I place my forks in stout
chains or bands so as to form elevators. These are carried on two rollers or their
equivalent (axles and wheels). The potatoes, being dug up with a scoop or
plough, are deposited with the accompanying dirt, stones, and tops on a platform,
which platform slopes down toward the elevator. This elevator partially riddles the
material in carrying it up to the riddles. These riddles are shaken by mechanism
driven from the main shaft or the elevator shaft, or in other convenient manner, and
sort out the potatoes into sizes and deliver through spouts into baskets to one side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN MACHINERY FOR REPRODUCING AND REPEATING DUPLICATES OF PEGGED OR PATTERN SURFACES AS USED IN THE DOBBY OR LIKE APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Greenwood and William
Henry Hayhurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th June 1880.
RICHARD GREENWOOD, Cotton Manufacturer, and WILLIAM HENRY HAYHURST,
Mill Manager, both of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN MACHINERY FOR REPRODUCING AND REPEATING
DUPLICATES OF PEGGED OR PATTERN SURFACES AS USED IN THE DOBBY OR LIKE
APPARATUS."
The first part of our Invention is designed for the purpose of stopping the loom
immediately upon the completion of any determined length of cloth or piece. The
apparatus for effecting this object consists in the employment of a screw shaft
connected by change wheels to the taking up roller, by which means a nut or lever
on the said shaft is gradually moved in the direction of a supporting link or catch,
which will, on the completion of the piece, be pushed out of contact by the action
of the said nut, and thus allow the screw shaft to disengage itself from the taking
up roller, and at the same time present a swell or projection between the spring
handle and a lever or bracket secured to the slay, thus effecting the stoppage of
the loom. A spring fixed to the screw shaft, and previously wound up with the
same, is now liberated, which reverses the said screw shaft, the before mentioned
nut being arrested in its retiring movement by an adjustable stop piece, which will
determine the length of piece to be woven before the stoppage of the loom by the
said apparatus. The second part of our Invention consists in a novel method of
reproducing and repeating duplicates of any desired pattern of pegged or pattern
surfaces by machinery, which we construct in the following manner:-We place
in suitable bearings in a framework two barrels similar in construction to those
now used in the dobby, which are geared and moved in the same direction by
mitre and pinion or carrier wheels or like equivalent, the said barrels being held
in position by a retaining spring and toothed wheel. The pegged pattern surfaces,
from which duplicates are desired to be reproduced, are placed upon one of the said
barrels, the unpegged pattern surface being likewise placed on the other.
operator by repeatedly turning round the barrels to the extent of one tooth of the
retaining wheel will readily see and be able to fill up the unpegged pattern surface
from the pattern given, and by simply reversing the motion of the said barrels any
defect in the pegging will easily be seen and adjusted.
The
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING NIGHT - SOIL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Parrott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1880.
HENRY WILLIAM PARROTT, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR TREATING NIGHT - SOIL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL MANURE."
.
The night soil as received from the pails or carts (or otherwise collected), is
placed in a tank, and the ammonia contained therein is first fixed by the addition
thereto of sulphate of iron, and muriatic acid in about the following proportions,
say, one hundred weight of the sulphate and fifty six pounds of muriatic acid to
the ton of solid excreta.
The solid and liquid portions are now divided by straining through sieves, or in
any other simple and expeditious manner.
The liquid portion is then allowed to percolate through a bed or layer of wood
charcoal, which will absorb and retain almost all the valuable properties of the
same, the effluent liquid being thus deprived of all noxious qualities, and sufficiently
purified to be turned into a river, or otherwise disposed of.
The solid portion is mixed with plaster of Paris, and ground into a stiff paste by
means of a mortar mill, adding to this mixture the vegetable charcoal through
which the liquid portion has been filtered, and which has absorbed all the valuable
properties thereof.
When the whole has been well mixed and ground together, it is removed and
stored in a shed or building protected from the weather, and as it dries it will
fall into the state of powder.
It is then ready for use or application on land as an artificial manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN FILLING BOTTLES WITH SODA WATER AND OTHER AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James McEwen and Simeon Spencer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1880.
JAMES MCEWEN and SIMEON SPENCER, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN FILLING BOTTLES WITH
SODA WATER AND OTHER AERATED LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates principally to that class of apparatus known as " McEwen
& Co.'s Paragon Turnover Filling Machine," and consists in the addition thereto of
a simple arrangement of mechanism, whereby the syrup pump can be thrown out
of gear whenever it is required to bottle soda water only, so that the same machine
may be used for plain aerated waters and for lemonade or other syruped or flavored
aerated liquids.
We provide the turnover spindle with a square, fitting into a square socket in
the centre of the cam which works the syrup pump. The cam is held firmly on
this square when in work by means of a nut screwed onto the spindle, and upon
unscrewing this nut the spindle can be moved endwise, so as to withdraw the
square from the socket, and the cam being then loose on the spindle the syrup
pump will not act.
There is a small stop provided, which is screwed onto the frame, so as to hold the
spindle securely in either position.
We would here remark that other equivalent devices may be employed for
throwing the syrup cam loose on the turnover spindle when the pump is not
required to act.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RULING PARALLEL LINES ON PAPER OR SLATES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Davy Hammond at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1880.
DAVY HAMMOND, of Hackney Road, in the County of Middlesex, School
Stationer. "NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RULING PARALLEL LINES ON
PAPER OR SLATES."
This Invention relates to new or improved apparatus for ruling parallel lines on
paper or slates, and consists essentially of a board similar to an ordinary drawing
board, on which are two raised parallel strips of wood at a distance apart suitable
to the size of paper or slate intended to be ruled. These strips have throughout
their lengths like parallel notches at regular or otherwise determined distances
apart, and the corresponding notches in the two strips are placed exactly opposite
one another. These notches are formed inclined towards the board, and a
suitably formed ruler is employed to be placed into these notches across and above
the paper or slate to be ruled, and the rule being moved into the several slots
consecutively, the paper or slate may thus be ruled with parallel lines as desired.
The two strips may be adjusted as to distanco apart as desired. Tho ruler
introduced into the slots may have an end like a T square to enable the ruler to
be readily set squaro.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ADJUSTABLE AND CONVERTIBLE CHAIRS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Bonnemaison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1880.
ARTHUR BONNEMAISON, Manufacturer, of Paris, in France, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ADJUSTABLE AND CONVERTIBLE CHAIRS."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of fauteuils or easy
chairs, whereby they are mado to combino comfort and usefulness with cheapness.
The simplicity of construction of my improved chair permits the person occupying
it to make it undergo a variety of evolutions, rendering it at pleasure a chair with
upright or inclined back with sloping or horizontal leg rest, a lounging or reclining
chair, or a bed.
By pressing upon a stud or knob eight different degrees of inclination may bo
given to my chair; but its greatest superiority over anything of the kind hitherto
made is, that a fixed stop permits arresting the evolution during the change or
conversion, whether at the beginning of the movement or in any of the various
positions which the parts may assume.
My improved chair is composed of,-
A stud or knob for operating the inclining of the parts of the chair, a frame or
seat upon which are fixed two pieces with pivots serving for the elongation of and
reuniting with this frame of a frame or leg rest hinged to the front of the seat,
under which it folds, and is secured by a catch or latch when the chair is closed up.
Iron feet fold under the frame or legrest, and form support for it when in a hori-
zontal position, and sliding hinges and racks permit the arms or elbows and their
supports to be elongated to allow the back of the chair to come level with the
seat, a stud or handle being provided to fix the rack in the left side in order to
operate that on the right.
By pressing upon a knob or stud the back may be thrown back to an angle of,
say, eight degrees, forming a chair with inclined back; by lifting the frame or seat
it turns on its pivots, and permits the framo or legrest to be deployed by pressing
on its latch or catch, the leg rest taking an inclined position. By lifting the leg-
rest and letting fall the feet, which are set in the thickness of this frame, the chair
is converted into a lounging chair with upright back; by pressing upon the same
stud the back of the chair may be inclined, the whole forming a reclining chair.
By further pressing upon the same stud the back may be completely lowered,
together with the arms, so that legrest and back assuming a horizontal, or nearly
horizontal position in line with the scat, the chair forms a bed.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OR METHOD OF PRINTING AND COLOURING PHOTOGRAPHS ON GLASS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Schnorrenberg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1880.
NICHOLAS SCHNORRENBERG, of Bishopsgate Street, in the City of London,
Financial Agent.
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS OR METHOD OF PRINTING AND
COLOURING PHOTOGRAPHS ON GLASS." [A communication from abroad by William
Grüne, of Berlin, Prussia.]
This Invention relates to photographs on glass, and is chiefly designed to afford
the means for producing coloured or tinted pictures which will have a highly
finished appearance, and may be more or less richly colored in imitation of oil or
water colour paintings.
In practising my Invention I take a photographic negative and print therefrom
on pigment paper; I then transfer the print directly in cold water by the aid of
the usual or other suitable appliances to a clean glass plate. In about five minutes
more or less I develope the picture in hot water till the high lights are clear. I
then dry the picture, and when it has been properly dried I apply to its surface a
thin coating of varnish, preferably by the aid of a small glue roller such as those
used by lithographers; I then apply to the varnished surface, by means of a brush
or otherwise, powdered pigments of any desired colour or tint. I may sometimes
use metal, such as bronze powder or the like, either alone or with the powdered
colours, according to the effect desired to be produced.
When the coloured or tinted surface is thoroughly dry I apply to it a protective
coating consisting of a thin solution of gelatine. When this coating is dry the
whole or any desired portion thereof is covered with a black or other paint or
varnish, and is then finished. Photographs, coloured and finished as above described,
will be permanent, as they are effectually protected from the effects of the
atmosphere and other influences which might otherwise injure them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STANDARD LIQUID MEASURES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Moulton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1880.
DANIEL MOULTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, China and
Glass Factor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STANDARD LIQUID
MEASURES."
This Invention consists of an improved mode of inserting in the sides of jugs
and cups of earthenware or china a small plate of pewter or other metal to receive
the government weights and measures stamp, indicating that such jug or cup is a
legalized measure, and thus enabling the retailer of any liquid sold by measure to
draw direct into the jug or cup instead of into an ordinary measure.
For the purpose of firmly attaching this plate of metal I form on the jug or cup
a raised or embossed countersunk plate in the same material as the jug or cup, and
of any suitable form or design, and through this raised part a small hole is pierced
whilst the material is in the plastic state, which hole is to receive the rivet of the
metal plate which is passed through from the outside and closed down on the
inside, by which operation it is securely attached.
Another improvement consists in a mode of reducing the capacity of a jug or cup
which may have been formed slightly too large; this I effect by grinding down the
rim of the vessel whilst in a biscuit state, until the capacity is adjusted ; by this
means defective measures may be set right and wasters avoided.
AN IMPROVED TILT FOR THE SUPPORT OF SHEETS OR COVERS ON RAILWAY AND OTHER WAGONS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tilloy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1880.
JOHN TILLEY, of North Shields, in the County of Northumberland, Railway
Agent. "AN IMPROVED TILT FOR THE SUPPORT OF SHEETS OR COVERS ON RAILWAY
AND OTHER WAGONS."
My Invention relates to tilts, or to the means employed for supporting water-
proof sheeting or coverings over railway and other wagons, and may be thus briefly
described.
To the sides of the wagon to which my said improvements are to be applied, and
near to the upper edge of the same, I secure by micans of a bolt and eye attachment
the ends of four rods or bars. The free end of one of these rods is expanded and
formed into a receiver, to receive and retain the free ends of the remaining three
rods, when they are all brought over the top of the said wagon and meet together
at the centre or apex, thus forming domical ribs for supporting the waterproof
covering.
When, however, the covering is not required, the ribs are disengaged from one
another, and each rib drawn back over to its particular side of the wagon, and
there held by a spring, clip, or other suitable mechanical means until again
required.
Hitherto the means usually adopted for protecting goods from the weather during
the conveyance of the same from one place to another have been found to have
many objectionable features; in some cases the tarpaulin employed for the purpose
sags and becomes liable in the event of rain to collect water and rot the material of
which the tarpaulin is composed. In other instances an apparatus for winding the
tarpaulin upon is fitted to the inside of the railway wagon, but this method is apt
to chafe and injure the goods in the wagon. I anticipate my Invention will
overcome these and many other deficiencies now oxisting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAUSTIC COMPOUNDS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bowing at the Office of tho
Commissionors of Patents on the 17th November 1880.
JOHN BOWING, of Dockyard Wharf, Woolwich, in the County of Kent,
Manufacturing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAUSTIC
COMPOUNDS.'
When it is required to obtain a strongly deturgent solution for general cleansing
purposes, I make the compound in the following manner :-Caustic lime is slaked
with hot water to a stiff paste, and to this is added about its own weight of
commercial potassium, or sodium carbonate, or an equivalent of potassium or
sodium hydrate, to the whole, after perfect mixture, about the same quantity of
potassium or sodium silicate is added. In parts, this formula is,-To one part lime
hydrate one part potassium or sodium carbonate is added and mixed, and to the
This compound
whole one part potassium or sodium silicate is added and mixed.
shortly becomes nearly or quite solid and a small proportion added to water gives
a very energetic deturgent solution. The advantages of this form of compound
are chiefly that the cleansing power is high, but the injurious caustic action is
reduced.
When it is required to obtain a strongly caustic paste, I take lime hydrate as
above, and to it I add about one fifth of commercial potassium or sodium carbonate,
or the equivalent hydrates, and about one tenth of potassium or sodium silicate.
In parts, To one part line hydrate one fifth part of potassium or sodium carbonate
is added and mixed, and to the whole one tenth part of potassium or sodium
silicate is added and mixed. This compound is a stiff paste and is very strongly
caustic. The advantages derived from the use of this compound are principally
the increased caustic action and freedom from drying or thinning in application.
The novelty in these modes of manufacture is the use of the silicates and the
lime hydrate in such proportions and in such manner that the required consistency
of the compounds can be obtained, and the detergent and caustic actions can be
controlled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORK BOXES OR SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hermann Knuth, of Goswell Road, London, EC., for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORK BOXES OR SIMILAR ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hermann Knuth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1880.
HERMANN KNUTH, of Goswell Road, London, E.C.
BOXES OR SIMILAR ARTICLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WORK
The Invention relates to work boxes or similar articles usually made of wood
or card board, and consists in making a skeleton or form of card board, paper, or
similar material, and covering it with veneer.
The skeleton is preferably formed by means of a mould of wood or other suitable
material, over which the strips or pieces of card board (or similar material) are
bent or fitted, their ends being then joined by glueing or otherwise. After the
form has been thus made it is covered by veneers, which may be fixed by means of
glue, and the box may then be lined internally and finished for sale as usual. The
boxes may be made of any size and shape, but this mode of making them will be
most advantageous for round boxes

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Hermann Knuth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th July
1880.
HERMANN KNUTH, of Goswell Road, London, E.C.
BOXES OR SIMILAR ARTICLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WORK
The improvements relate to work boxes or similar articles usually made of wood,
and consist in making a skeleton or form of card board, paper, or similar material,
and covering it with veneer. The skeleton is preferably formed by means of a
mould of wood or other suitable material over which the strips or pieces of card
board (or similar material) are bent or fitted, their ends being then joined by
glueing or otherwise. After the form has been thus made it is covered by vencers,
which may be fixed by means of glue, and the box may then be lined internally
and finished for sale as usual. The boxes may be made of any size and shape, but
this mode of making them will be most advantageous for round boxes. The
accompanying Drawing serves to illustrate my Invention, Fig. 1 being à perspec-
tive view of a work box before the veneer is put on, and Fig.
a cross section of
As already
the same after the sides and the lid have been covered with veneer.
stated, I do not limit myself to any particular shape or kind of box, for it is evident
that my Invention may be applied to a variety of boxes without interfering with
the internal arrangement, subdivision, construction, or finish of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hermann Knuth, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty sixth day of July, A.D. 1880.
HERMANN KNUTH (LS)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LITHOGRAPHING AND PRINTING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Harrison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1880.
GEORGE HARRISON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Printer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LITHOGRAPHING AND PRINTING."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of printing show
cards and sign boards, whereby the letters are brought out with more clearness and
distinctness than hitherto.
Hitherto, say, the black back ground of a show card is obtained by laying the colour
upon the stone, that is, by printing it. In my improvement I print the gold upon
a paper having a black enamelled surface previously prepared; this enamelled paper
may have a bright or dull finish. By this method the gold, bronze, or other colour
is brought into greater relief at a less cost than hitherto obtained by printing the
black ground.
AN IMPROVED VENT PEG
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jaines Gladman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1880.
CHARLES JAMES GLADMAN, of No. 10, Bush Lane, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Architect. "AN IMPROVED VENT PEG."
No. 1. I purpose to make my improved vent peg or tap of a body or barrel of
metal, or other suitable material, having an opening at the bottom, or otherwise
perforated, and closed at the top, with a small hole formed or cut near or at the
top of side, or other suitable place, for the purpose of admitting air (described in
par. No. 2); to form a shoulder or ledge all round the outside of this body or
barrel about one third down for a cap or top to rest on, and also to form a small
projecting stop a little above this shoulder or ledge, to fit and work in a groove cut
in cap or top (described in par. No. 2), and to screwthread, taper, or otherwise
shape the lower part below shoulder or ledge as I may find in practice most
suitable.
No. 2. I purpose to make the top of the vent peg or tap of a like material to the
body or barrel (described in par. No. 1) in the shape of a cap terminating at the
top with a handle of suitable shape; to form or cut a groove on the inside of this
cap or top near the bottom crossways to the length, found most suitable in practice,
in which groove the projecting stop is to work from end to end; also to form or
cut a.hole in the cap or top to correspond with the one formed or cut in the barrel
(described in par. No. 1) for the purpose of admitting air into the body or barrel
of the vent peg or tap.
The action is that of an ordinary tap or cock for the flow of liquids, that is to
say, by turning the cap working on the shoulder or ledge until the hole of the cap
comes opposite to the hole in the body or barrel, so as to form a continuous flow of
air into the body or barrel of the vent peg or tap, air is admitted into the cask or
receptacle, and by reversing the motion the supply is cut off.
IMPROVED TREATMENT OF OR METHOD FOR REDUCING MINERAL OR OTHER STONES TO FRAGMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir Francis Charles Knowles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1880.
Sir FRANCIS CHARLES KNOWLES, of Lovell Hill, in the County of Berks, Baronet.
"IMPROVED TREATMENT OF OR METHOD FOR REDUCING MINERAL OR OTHER STONES
TO FRAGMENTS."
This Invention relates to a special method of operating upon mineral or other
stones, to reduce them to minute fragments, in the course, if necessary, for further
comminution, the mineral being first reduced to a size corresponding to that used
in ordinary lime burning.
My Invention consists in placing the reduced substance within a furnace or kiln,
and heated to a cherry red temperature; it is then drawn in its heated state and
either plunged into cold water, or quenched with water, as coke is quenched, after
being drawn from the oven.
The resulting fragments when cold are mechanically crushed by rollers or
otherwise to the necessary size, the particles being screened if desired for the
purpose they are intended for.
If the mineral gangue be carbonate of lime, the operation is much facilitated by
the slaking which accompanys it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING SKETCHES, DESIGNS, OR PATTERNS ON COPPER FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENGRAVING."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franz Baum at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1880.
"
FRANZ BAUM, of Victoria Buildings, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and
of Winton House, Bowden, in the County of Chester. IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING SKETCHES, DESIGNS, OR PATTERNS ON COPPER FOR THE PURPOSE OF
ENGRAVING."
I procure by means of photography a negative or positive of a similar size, or
enlarged or reduced, which I expose to light over a film of bichromated gelatine,
and when sufficiently exposed bring into contact in cold water with a material
known as flexible support, upon which the resulting print is developed in water of
about 120 degrees Fahrenheit, and placed round or upon the copper surface. When
dried spontaneously the flexible support will readily come away and leave the
remains of the film of bichromated gelatine upon the copper which is treated with a
solution of alum, tannin, or other suitable substance, for the purpose of hardening
and rendering it altogether insoluble. The copper surface is then placed in a
bath containing acids or other suitable material, whereby the parts having no
covering of bichromated gelatine are eaten away, and when the action has
continued to a proper depth, the surface is ready for printing in colour ou paper, wool,
cotton, or any woven or knitted material. 1 also use for the same purpose, but
only when the design is required the original size, any perforated substance or any
seini opaque substance, such as lace, muslin, skeleton leaves or plants, paper with
printed design or letterpress, and such like surfaces or objects that allow the action
of light to take place on any sensitive material underneath.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NAME PLATES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1880.
JOHN EDWARDS, of 90, Greenwood Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NAME PLATES."
My improvements consist in making name plates by preference of skeleton
letters and of any suitable material, the atmosphere or space acting as the back
ground. These letters are made with suitable projections for fixing them into a
frame, thus allowing the renewal of any particular letter. Sometimes for small
name plates I form the letters and frame in one piece of metal, and if of iron make
it maleable; sometimes also for small name plates I fix the letters to a back
ground of metal, instead of forming it in one piece, and sometimes I make a frame
with a grove or rabbet to hold a piece of glass, which glass allows the name to be
read distinctly, while the glass protects the name, which is placed behind it, from
being obliterated by dirt or dust adhering to it. In some cases I use porcelain
instead of glass, printing the name thereon.