Improvements in Wheels.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1891-Accepted, 13th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels.
I, JOSEPH SAWYER of 227 Bethnal Green Road London, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of wheels for cabs,
carriages, omnibuses, carts and other vehicles. The outside iron tyre or felloc
being completely isolated from the axle by means of fixing india rubber rings or
other clastic material on the axle box. The axle box with the rubber rings are
fixed into a metal cylinder hereinafter described, and prevents concussion and
vibration securing ease and comfortable riding within the vehicle with the
advantage of a much longer life to the wheels and less wear to the body of the
vehicle.
I may now refer to former Letters Patent granted to me Joseph Sawyer dated
January 4th 1889 No. 136 it being therein described as having two cylinders fixed
one at each end of stock or hub of wheel with stops screwed on the middle or nearly
the middle part of the axle box close up to the inside ends of the cylinders but it
having been proved by practical experience that the stops above named produced
certain defects in the running of the wheels and also by having to put the rubber
rings into the cylinder at one end, after the axle box was fixed in the stock or hub
of the wheel.
Now the object of my improvements is to remedy or remove such defects as
mentioned above by fitting protective stops at the back end of the stock or hub of
the wheel and also by using a cylinder made nearly the whole depth of the stock
by this means I am enabled to put on the rubber rings on the axle box before it is
put into the cylinder which is fixed in solid and firm in the stock of the wheel by
these means more elasticity is produced and it is very effective in checking
the noise and vibration and giving additional case in riding.
In carrying out my improvements when the stock or hub of the wheel is made of
wood shall make a cylinder of brass or wrought iron about 34 inches in diameter
and 7 inches in length and nearly of an inch in thickness of metal for cab
wheels; and for omnibus wheels about 4 inches in diameter and 84 inches long
and a full of an inch in thickness of metal.
The cylinder may be made to suit any size axle box either for large or small
wheels. The cylinder above mentioned is fitted into the stock or hub of the wheel
nearly the full length or depth of the stock or about 2 inches from the front end
and one inch, from the back end of the hub, a stop is cast on one end of the
cylinder, or it may be screwed on. The axle box has a stop screwed on about
14 inches from the front end and a very strong stop screwed on the back end of
the axle box. The stock is recessed out at the back end about one inch in depth
to admit of the stop on the axle box fitting up close against the end of the
cylinder, and on the back end of the stock or hub of the wheel fit on a brass
or iron flanged plate made strong to correspond with the stop on the axle hox at
the back end. The flanged plate is screwed firmly on to the stock with screws
and bolts, thus the rubber rings, axle box, and cylinder is secured and enclosed
I will now
in an air tight case which protects it from all grease and dust.
give further description of the several parts of my improvements as follows.
The wheels may be made to any size in diameter or I can use wheels already
made. Then 1 bore out a hole in the centre of the stock or hub of the wheel
the exact size of the metal cylinder above mentioned, it is then driven or forced
into the stock or hub of the wheel sufficiently fast or tight so as not to require
vedoing

page_text: The axle box is fitted with stops at each end as before described, the india
rubber rings are made about 3 inches in-diameter and one inch in thickness with
a hole in the centre about 2 inches in diameter to fit tightly over the axle box
which is nearly 23 inches in diameter, and 9 inches, in length. The, number of
rubber-rings required to fit on the whole length of the axle box will be 7 or more
in some large wheels, the rubber rings are then fitted on firmly on the axle box,
the stops are screwed up fast to hold the rubber rings in their right position. The
axle box is then forced with the rubber on it into the cylinder down to and as far
as the hub is bored out at this part a margin is formed in the stock to hold the
stops on the axle box with the india rubber rings in cylinder which are held securely
in their position. When the axle box with the rubber rings fitted on it have been
fixed in the cylinder, 1 proceed to screw on to the stock or hub at the back end the
flanged plate before named which is of great strength and will resist all pressure
in the skidding or slurring of the wheels. The application of this invention to
small carriage wheels may be carried out for invalid carriages bicycles or other
vehicles after the manner described herein.
As my improvements are capable of some modifications without departing from
the principle thereof, I do not restrict myself to materials, dimensions, or to the
precise form or placement of the several parts thereof.
Dated this 12th day of August 1890.
RAYNER & CASSELL,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels.
I. JOSEPH SAWYER, of 227, Bethnal Green Road, in the County of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:---
My invention relates to wheels of the kind described in the Specification of
former Letters Patent granted to me dated January 4th. A.D. 1889 No. 136, aud
which have rings or cushions of india-rubber or other elastic material interposed
between the bush or axle box and the hub or stock for the purpose of reducing
vibration.
In my former Specification I described the elastic rings as being placed in metal
cylinders at the two ends of the bush and held in their proper positions by means of
what termed stops some of which were near the middle of the length of the said
bush, but in practice it is found that this construction is defective and chiefly for
the reasons that the said stops interfered with the proper running of the
wheel and that the different parts were difficult to fit together.
According to my present invention 1 obviate the defects above referred to by
using a cylinder of practically the same length as the wheel journal or axle so that
it extends nearly through the hub and by fitting a stop or retaining collar
and a flanged plate or cap at the back or inner end of the hub..
To enable my invention to be fully understood
reference to the accompanying drawing in which
will describe the same with
Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section through the hub of a wheel provided
with my improvement.
Figure 2 is a section on the linee Figure 1; and,
Figure 3 a view of the inner or rear side of the hub..
a is the wheel hub, is the cylinder fitted therein and c is the box or bush, the
said Bush having at one end an enlargement d in which are formed a recess. e for
the flange upon the axle g, and a channel for containing oil.
are the rings of the elastic material which fit between the cylinder and the

page_text: bush c, and j is a collar screwed upon the exterior of the said bush and serving as
an abutment against which the said rings are supported.
kis the retaining collar screwed onto the exterior of the enlargement d of the
bush and which bears against the end of the cylinder to prevent the said bush
from moving too far through the hub, and is the flanged cap which bears upon
the outer face of the collar k to prevent the bush from moving out of the hub, the
said cap as shewn in the drawing being secured in place by means of screws m, m
entering pieces of metal n, let into the hub.
o is a nut screwed onto the end of the axle for preventing the wheel from
coming off the said axle and p is a dust cap screwed into a collar y upon the
hub.
In fitting up the wheel the cylinder bis first driven into the hub and then the
bush c with the clastic rings i, i aud the retaining ring thereon is placed in
position and the flanged cap applied.
It will be noticed that spaces are left between the hub and its connected parts,
and the bush and its connected parts, in order to permit of their relative
movements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A wheel the axle box or bush of which is surrounded with rings of elastic
material and fitted within a cylinder extending nearly through the hub the said
bush being provided with a retaining collar located at the end of the said cylinder
and a cap on the hub, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
2. The improvements in wheels herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
Deted the 19th day of May 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.