IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE NAIL MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Watson Kelley, of Boston, in the County
of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, in the United States of
America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE NAIL
MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Watson Kelley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th December 1871.
I, EDWARD WATSON KELLEY, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk,
and State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE NAIL
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
On the Drawings Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the machine;
Fig. 2 represents a ground plan of the same; Fig. 3 represents a cross
section over the line X, Y, taken on Fig. 1 enlarged.

page_text: Fig. 5 represents an enlarged cross section over the rollers; Fig. 6
represents a central longitudinal section over the line U, V, taken on
Fig. 1 enlarged; Fig. 7 shows an enlarged cross section over the
line S, T, taken on Fig. 1; Fig. 8 shows an enlarged detailed view
for operating the feed of the stock; Fig. 9 is a cross section over the
line Q, R, taken on Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a ground plan of the male punch; and Fig. 11 is a
ground plan of the female punching dies. Both Figures are shown as
enlarged compared with Figs. 1 and 2.
My Invention is for the purpose of punching, rolling, pointing, and
clipping horse nails from cold iron without the application of heat, as
will now be fully shown and described.
a, a, on Fig. 1 is the frame of the punching machine B, to the
upper part of which is attached the bearings b, b, as shown. In the
bearings b, b, is the driving shaft c, supported. On one end of the shaft c
is the fly wheel d, attached, and in the other end are two pulleys e and e¹,
as shown; e is a fixed driving pulley, and e is a loose pulley, for the
purpose of unshipping the driving belt. A bevel gear pinion f is keyed
on the shaft c, and is made to engage with the bevel gear g keyed on the
vertical shaft h, shown in Fig. 6. To the under side of the bevel gear g
is secured a number of inclines or cams i, i, i, that press down the
rollers k, k, and plungers 1, 1, attached thereto during the revolution of
the bevel gear g; the plungers 1, 1, are moveable up and down in the
guides m, m, as shown; the plungers 1, 1, are drawn upwards auto-
matically by means of the springs n, n, as soon as an incline; has passed
the rollers k, k. In the lower end of the plungers 1, 1, is the male die
holder o, attached by means of a holding screw, or otherwise, as may be
practical. The male dies p, p, are held firmly in the die holder o in such
a manner that the head of one die is opposite to the head of the other
die, as shown in Fig. 10%; the object of this arrangement is to
save stock so as to leave very little waste of the raw material used.
Between the two male dies p, p, is a space left equal to two nails, the
object of which is to allow sufficient strength for the female die
plates r, r, r, shown in Fig. 11. The male dies p, p, are held in their
respective positions in the die holder o by means of the pieces q, q, q,
and set screws 8, 8, 8, 8, as shown.

page_text: The female die plates are made each in three parts r, r, r, as shown
in Fig. 11, and held firmly in a die holder t, t, shown in Fig. 7.
The die holders t, t, are supported on the tables u, u, cast on to the
frame a, a.
The tables u, u, are perforated so that the nails can drop
through and be guided to the endless belts v, v³, and thus carried to the
rolling and clipping machine A. Through the lower end of the vertical.
shaft h is a wedge 1, driven, on which rests a ring 2, provided with a.
number of friction rollers, 3, 3, 3, that roll on an angular ring 4 held.
firmly in the frame a, as shown. The object of this arrangement is to
relieve the friction on the ring 4 when the shaft his pressed upwards
owing to the resistance of the punches on the material to be punched,
whereby the wheel g and shaft h are forced upwards.
The feeding motion for the raw material to the punching machine and
the stock holder is performed and constructed in the following manner :-
On the shaft his keyed or otherwise connected a circular ring 5, shown in
Figs. 6 and 7, provided with a number of small cams equal in number
to the inclines i, i, i, on the bevel gear 9; said cams on the ring 5
operate rocking levers 6, 6, to the ends of which are hung pawls 7, 7.
The levers 6, 6, are held in close contact with the shaft h (when not
touched by the cams on the ring 5) by the coiled springs 8, 8, as shown.
The pawls 7, 7, operate ratchet bars 9, 9, jointed to the stock holders
10, 10, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The ratchet bar 9 is provided on
the under side with a swell 11 that engages with the lever 12, when the
stock holder 10, is fed as close up to the frame a as is required for the
punching of the whole width of the stock. When the swell 11 touches
the upper end of the lever 12 it turns said lever 12 around its fulcrum, .
so that the bar 9 can drop down and be liberated from the pawls
7 and 13, when the coiled spring 14 draws the bar 9 and stock holder 10
back to their original positions. The paul 13 is for the purpose of
holding the bar 9 in position when the lever 6 is drawn backwards by
the action of the spring 8, shown on Fig. 8. The lever 12 has a
rod 15 and handle 16 attached, by which the lever 12 can be placed in
its original position after the swell 11 has turned it around its fulcrum.
The stock holder 10 is moveable in guides 17, 17 (Fig. 9), screwed to
the table u. The stock 18 from which the nails are punched is pressed
firmly against the holder by means of the excentric 19 and handle 20,
moveable around a pin or screw in the arched frame 21, as shown in

page_text: horizontal shaft 39, on the other end of which is secured a similar
pinion 40 that operates the bevel gear 41 attached to the shaft 42, to
which the polygonal drum 27 is secured, as shown. The other moving
parts of the rolling and clipping machine A are geared in a suitable
manner, as shown on Figs. 1 and 2.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Edward
Watson Kelley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th July
1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
WATSON KELLEY, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and State of
Massachusetts, in the United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Watson Kelley,
Her special license that I, the said Edward Watson Kelley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Watson Kelley, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE NAIL MACHINES," upon
1
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Watson Kelley,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Watson Kelley, do hereby
declare that the following complete Specification, under my hand and

page_text: seal, fully describes the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed (that is to say):
On the Drawings Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of the machine;
Fig. 2 represents a ground plan of the same; Fig. 3 represents a cross
section over the line x, y, taken on Fig. 1 enlarged.
Fig. 4 shows an enlarged detailed view of the rollers and clipper;
Fig. 5 represents an enlarged cross section over the rollers; Fig. 6
represents a central longitudinal section over the line u, v, taken on
Fig. 1; Fig. 7 shows a cross section over the line S, T, taken on Fig. 1;
Fig. 8 shows an enlarged detailed view for operating the feed of the
stock; Fig. 9 is a cross section over the line Q, R, taken on Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a ground plan of the male punch; and Fig. 11 is a ground
plan of the female punching dies, shown enlarged.
My Invention is for the purpose of punching, rolling, pointing, and,
clipping horse nails from cold iron without the application of heat, as
will now be shown and described.
a, a, on Fig. 1 is the frame of the punching machine B, to the upper
part of which is attached the bearings b, b, as shown. In the bear-
ings b, b, is the driving shaft c, supported. On one end of the shaft c is
the fly wheel & attached, and in the other end are two pulleys e and e¹,
as shown; e is a fixed driving pulley, and e¹ is a loose pulley for the
purpose of unshipping the driving belt. A bevel gear pinion fis keyed
on the shaft c, and is made to engage with the bevel gear g keyed on
the vertical shaft h, shown in Fig. 6. To the under side of the bevel
gear 9 is secured a number of inclines or cams i, i, i, that press down
the rollers k, k, and plungers 1, 1, attached thereto during the revolution
of the bevel gear g; the plungers 1, 1, are movable up and down in the
guides m, m, as shown; the plungers 2, l, are drawn upwards automatically
by means of the springs n, n, as soon as an incline i has passed the
rollers k, k. In the lower end of the plungers 1, 2, is the male die
holder attached by means of a holding screw, or otherwise, as may be
practical. The male dies p p, are held firmly in the die holder o in
such a manner that the head of one die is opposite to the head of the
other die, as shown in Fig. 10; the object of this arrangement is to
save stock so as to leave very little waste of the raw material used.
Between the two male dies p, p, is a space left equal to two nails,

page_text: the object of which is to allow sufficient strength for the female die
plates r, r, r, shown in Fig. 11. The male dies p, p, are held in their
respective positions in the die holder o by means of the pieces q, q, q,
and set screws 8, 8, 8, 8, as shown.
The female die plates are made each in three parts r, r, r, as shown in
Fig. 11, and are held firmly in a die holder t, t, shown in Fig. 7. The
die holders t, t, are supported on the table u, u, cast on to the frame a, a.
The tables u, u, are perforated so that the nails can drop through and
be guided to the endless belts v, v', and thus carried to the rolling and
clipping machine A. Through the lower end of the vertical shaft h is a
wedge 1 driven, on which rests a ring 2 provided with a number of
friction rollers, 3, 3, 3, that roll on an angular ring 4 held firmly in the
frame a, as shown. The object of this arrangement is to relieve the
friction on the ring 4 when the shaft his pressed upwards owing to the
resistance of the punches on the material to be punched, whereby the
wheel and shaft h are forced upwards.
The feeding motion for the raw material to the punching machine
and the stock holder is performed and constructed in the following
manner: On the shaft h is keyed or otherwise connected a circular
ring 5, shown in Figs. 6 and 7, provided with a number of small cams
equal in number to the inclines i, i, i, on the bevel gear g; said cams on
the ring 5 operate rocking levers 6, 6, to the ends of which are hung
pawls 7, 7. The levers 6, 6, are held in close contact with the shaft h
(when not touched by the cams on the ring 5) by the coiled springs 8, 8,
as shown. The pawls 7, 7, operate ratchet bars 9, 9, jointed to the
stock holders 10, 10, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The ratchet bar 9 is
provided on the under side with a swell 11 that engages with the
lever 12, when the stock holder 10 is fed as close up to the frame a as is
required for the punching of the whole width of the stock. When the
swell 11 touches the upper end of the lever 12, it turns said lever 12
around its fulcrum, so that the bar 9 can drop down and be liberated
from the pawls 7 and 13, when the coiled spring 14 draws the bar 9 and
stock holder 10 back to their original positions. The pawl 13 is for the
purpose of holding the bar 9 in position when the lever 6 is drawn back-
wards by the action of the spring 8, shown on Fig. 8. The lever 12 has
a rod 15 and handle 16 attached, by which the lever 12 can be placed
in its original position after the swell 11 has turned it around its
fulcrum. The stock holder 10 is movable in guides 17, 17, (Fig. 9)

page_text: screwed to the table u. The stock 18 from which the nails are
punched is pressed firmly against the holder by means of the
eccentric 19 and handle 20, movable around a pin or screw in the
arched frame 21, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The stock 18 is shown
3 in section in Fig. 9, and the width of it is shown in Fig. 8.
After the nails have been punched on the punching machine B, they are
carried to the endless belts v, v², v, v¹, to the rolling, pointing, and
clipping machine A. But as it is necessary that all the nails that are
conducted to the rolling machine must go with their heads foremost,
and as it is already shown that each punch punches one nail with the
head in one direction, and one nail with the head in an opposite direc-
tion, I am therefore obliged to use two rolling machines A for every
punching machine B, so that all the nails that are punched with the
heads to the left are carried to the rolling machine A, and all the nails
that are punched with the heads to the right are carried to a similar
rolling machine on the right of the punching machine B. (The latter
rolling machine is however not shown in the Drawing.
After the nails have been carried on the endless belts v, v, over the
pulleys 22, 22, they are guided between the shaping rollers 23, 23,..
shown in an enlarged cross section on Fig. 5. Both the upper and
lower roller 23 have engraved on their surfaces part of a nail or nails as
shown. The said rollers are made in segments that are secured firmly
to the central spindles 24, 24, by which arrangement I am able to
replace part of a roller if it gets damaged without destroying the whole
roller.
After the nails have passed between the rollers 23, 23, where a proper
shape is given them, they are guided between the pointing rollers 25
and 26; the roller 25 is perfectly smooth, but the roller 26 has the
whole nail shape engraved on its surface, or two or more, as may be
desirable. The extreme ends of the engravings on the pointing roller 26
are drawn out to a point, as shown at x, x, whereby the nails are rolled
with sharp chisel-like ends, and all that is required to perfect the nails is
to clip them to a sharp point, for which purpose they are conducted to
the clipping wheel 27. The clipper 27 is a polygonal drum on the
circumference of which is attached a number of stationary male dies
28, 28, 28, of a section like the nail when clipped; movable dies 29,
29, 29, are made to move close up to the stationary dies 28, 28, 28, and
to move apart far enough to allow a nail from the pointing rollers 25, 26,

page_text: to drop between the dies 28 and 29. The movable dies 29, 29, 29, are
guided in ways 30, 30, and an eccentric cam 31 provided with two
projections 32 and 33 is placed behind each movable die 29.
The operation of the clipper 27 is as follows:-When a nail comes
from the pointing rollers 25 and 26 it is pushed down between the
dies 28 and 29. The drum 27 continues to move around its axis, and
the movable die 29 is pressed hard against the nail, held between the
movable and stationary dies by the turning of the eccentric cam 31,
which is accomplished by the projection 32 striking against a stationary
bar 34 attached in a suitable way to the framework of the machine.
After the dies 28, 29, have been closed together with a nail between
them, they continue to move onward in a direction as shown by the
arrow in Fig. 1, A, and pass between stationary female die plates 35, 35,
made of hardened steel and of exactly the shape of the ready-made
nail, when the projecting parts of the rolled nail is easily clipped off.
After the dies 28, 29, have passed between the stationary die plates
35, 35, the projection 33 on the eccentric cam 31 strikes against a
stationary bar 36 (shown in Fig. 3), by which the dies 28, 29, are drawn
from each other, and the now ready nail drops out and may be collected
in a suitable receptacle below the drum 27.
The operation of the clipping wheel 27 is thus continued in the same
manner automatically, viz. :-Spreading the male dies apart, taking in
the nail from the pointing rollers, closing the male dies together, passing
between the stationary female dies, and at last spreading the male. dies
apart again, when the ready nail drops out from the male dies, as hereto-
fore shown and described.
The rolling and clipping machine A is driven with a positive motion
from the vertical shaft h on the punching machine B by means of the
bevel gear 37 attached to the shaft h and pinion 38 attached to the
horizontal shaft 39, on the other end of which is secured a similar
pinion 40 that operates the bevel gear 41 attached to the shaft 42, to
which the polygonal drum 27 is secured, as shown. The other moving
parts of the rolling and clipping machine A are geared in a suitable
manner, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Having thus fully described the nature, construction, and operation of
Invention I wish to secure by Letters Patent and claim.

page_text: 1st. The construction and arrangement of the bevel gear 9, inclines
i, i, i, rollers k, k, springs n, n, or their equivalents, and the punches o, o,
and dies r, r, r, as and for the purpose set forth.
2nd. The construction and arrangement of the toothed racks 9, 9,
provided with the swells 11, 11, finger 12, springs 8, 14, pawls 7, 13,
and operating rod 15, as a feeding mechanism for the punches, as herein
set forth and described.
3rd. In combination with the table u, the arched frame 21, eccentric 19,
and the arm or lever 20, in a manner and for the purpose set forth.
4th. The construction and arrangement of the rollers 23, 23, 25, 26,
consisting of a circular or polygonal drum surrounded by a number of
engraved segments secured to the central rollers, as herein described.
5th. The combination of the polygonal head 27, with its fixed male
dies 28, 28, 28, and movable male dies 29, 29, 29, stationary female
dies 35, 35, shaping rollers 23, 23, and pointing rollers 25, 26, when all
are combined, as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Watson Kelley, have
hereunto set my hand and seal. Signed at Boston, in the
United States of America, this 18th day of June 1872, A.D.
EDWARD WATSON KELLEY. (L.S.)
Witness,
ALBAN ANDRÉN.