IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS POR TRANSPORTING THE SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE UTILIZING OF TURF, PEAT, COAL DUST, OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Effertz, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES,
AND IN APPARATUS POR TRANSPORTING THE SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE UTILIZING OF TURF, PEAT, COAL DUST, OR SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES.
Sealed the 18th January 1861, and dated the 28th August 1860..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Effertz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th August 1860.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING THE SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR THE UTILIZING OF TURF, PEAT, COAL DUST, OR SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain modifications and improvements upon a
Patent granted to me for "Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for
Making Bricks," dated the Twenty-sixth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty, Number 201.
The clay is passed into a hopper or a beater box having in its interior a
revolving comb, the teeth of which pass between a grid, by which means the
clay is prepared and forced onwards to an elevator provided in the
interior

page_text: with screws, at the top with knives, and also with grates or grids, above which
is a vessel having grooves at the top in which the drawer slides. The said
vessel is divided into two parts, one above the grate for filling the drawer, and
the other for holding the form for pressing the bricks, there being at the
bottom a type or moveable bottom which, after the compression of the bricks,
rises with them to allow of their being pushed on to the endless apron, after
which the type or moveable bottom is lowered, and more clay is pressed out of
the drawer by a piston.
The aforesaid improved machinery is calculated to supply a demand of
twenty-five thousand to thirty thousand bricks daily, four bricks being moulded
at one stroke in every six seconds. The number of bricks may be diminished
or increased by pressing three, six, or other number of bricks at each stroke,
or a second mould may be fixed to the elevator, and an additional stamping
press employed, the screws alternately supplying both moulds with clay by
means of a double drawer. This arrangement would raise the production of
bricks to about one hundred thousand per day.
Although bricks have been more especially referred to, the improved
machinery and modifications are equally applicable to the formation of tiles,
the pressing of turf, peat, coal dust, and similar substances.
In order to save manual labour in the transport of the pressed articles to
the drying ground I employ improved transport waggons. They consist of a
metal frame, having wheels for running on rails, and protected from injury
by buffers. Connected to the frame is a ring resting on another ring, the two
being connected at the centre by a pin or swivel. Fixed to the upper ring is
a cross frame with standards having grooves, in which are fitted racks, which
are moved up and down by toothed wheels or pinions caused to revolve in any
suitable manner. The racks are connected together by a series of bars at each
side, there being holes in the bars forming bearings for a number of rollers
which are covered with linen and india-rubber or other suitable material, so as
to form as many endless aprons as there are bars on each side. When the
articles are to be removed the waggons are pushed up to the rolling tables or
endless aprons of the press which deliver the said articles on to the endless
aprons of the waggons. When one layer is completed it is lowered by the
turning of the pinions in the racks, there being a ratchet 'wheel and catch to
stop the descent as soon as the next endless apron is level with the endless
apron of the
press. This is repeated until all the layers are completed, when
the waggon is pushed away and réplaced by another.
In the Specification of the Patent dated January' Twenty-sixth, 1860, above
referred to, at a few lines from the commencement of the description of the

page_text: Drawings it is said "the clay after being thus purified is conveyed by the
"horizontal screws c¹ into the receiver q, and from thence by means of the
"conducting vessel e, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5, it passes continuously over the main
"boxes or vessels A, A, Figs. 1 and 8, where the clay is acted upon the
"pistons and forced out of the said boxes on to the beaters W." It will be
seen that instead of "the said boxes" it should have been the said conducting
vessel e.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Effertz in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th February 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
EFFERTZ, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Peter Effertz, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Effortz,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter
Effertz, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND
IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSPORTING THE SAME, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLI-
CABLE FOR THE UTILIZING OF TURF, PEAT, COAL DUST, OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Peter Effertz, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six
calendar months next. and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the, said Peter Effertz, do hereby declare
the nature of my said. Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My improved machinery for making bricks, purifies, mixes, and raises the
clay or other similar material by means of screwed or spiral knives, and presses
the material so prepared into appropriate moulds in the following manner :-
The freshly dug clay is passed into a hopper, which opens into the machine ;
this hopper has in its interior near an opening at the bottom a shaft with
revolving combs or beaters by means of which the clay partly prepared in this
way is pressed into an elevator close to the opening, and effects the supplying
of the spiral knives, which are enclosed in an elliptical vessel called an elevator
in which above the knives is a grate or gird for the detention of stones and
other objectionable matter. The knives raise the clay, which has been con-
veyed from the hopper through the grate into a drawer, which runs in grooves
in the elevator. After the drawer has been pushed forward the clay is removed
out over the mould, which is close to, and at the same elevation as the elevator,
and is then pressed into the mould by means of a closely fitting piston or presser,
when according to the size of the machine from two to ten bricks may be formed
in the moulds. After the pressure the piston is moved out of the drawer when
the latter moves back again over the elevator to be filled afresh. During the
time of refilling the piston goes down a second time, and when coming up
again the bricks are raised in conjunction with a type, which during the
pressure forms the bottom of the moulds. The bricks are now pushed out by
the again approaching drawer on to an endless apron. After pushing them
off, the type moves back again into the moulds, and the movement of the
machine is repeated. According to the number of bricks to be produced
an elevator receives on one or both sides the above mentioned press, which
works in such a manner that one piston ascends, as the other descends, in
order to raise the bricks previously pressed by it. The drawer must have
-consequently also two parallel compartments, so that when one is empty, the
other one stands over the elevator for refilling.
In order to save manual labour in the transport of the pressed articles to
the drying ground I employ improved transport wagons. They consist of two
moveable frames, the outside one of which is protected from injury by buffers,
while the interior of the other frame is divided into endless aprons, which
serve for the reception of the pressed bricks. There are from four to eight
tables, according to the size of the wagons, and as this whole framing of the
rollers may be raised or let down into the main frame by means of racks it is
rendered possible to place each of the aprons on the same elevation, as the
apron of the press of which it then forms a continuation. The bricks, which

page_text: are pushed on the endless apron are then rolled off by means of a ratchet wheel
on to the now adjoining roller table of the wagon, and after this has been
filled the empty apron either above or under it is moved into the place of the
former, which operation is repeated until all the endless aprons are filled, and
then the wagon is replaced by an empty one. By means of this combination
one or two men are capable of transporting from two hundred to five hundred
bricks to the drying places without touching them, in which drying places such
an arrangement is made as will accelerate the unloading of the wagons, at the
same time treating the bricks in a careful manner.
In case the room in which one of my presses is erected should not allow of
an extended system of rails I have made such an arrangement in my transport
carriages as to permit of a horizontal movement of the frame with the
aprons. This transport carriage or wagon consequently receives a particular
wheel frame on which the above described frames on the carriages lie.
2
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the figures
and letters, on the accompanying nineteen Sheets of Drawings.
.
In Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, I represent one of my improved brick machines;
which is constructed for a daily production of from twenty thousand to twenty-
five thousand bricks.
Figure 1 is a side, view; Figure 2, a front view; Figure 3, a section of the
side view; Figure 4, a section of the front view, and Figure 5, a top view of
the machine Number One.
.
J'
A, A', are the two upright frames; B, the cylinders of the steam engine;
C, the driving shaft of the machine and crank shaft of the steam engine;
D, D, vertical shafts for working the screwed or spiral knives; E, elevator;
F, F, F, shafts for the screwed or spiral knives; .G, grate or grid in the
elevator; II, hopper fixed to the elevator; K, shafts with combs in the
hopper H; L, grid or grate in which the combs of the shaft K work; M,
drawer on the elevator E; N, fixed covering plate of the drawer M; O, piston
or presser; P, P', connecting rods; Q, crank shaft; R, moulds in which to
press the bricks; S, types. under the moulds R.; T, horizontal shaft for
working the type S;.,U, U, eccentrics or cams.on shaft T; V, endless apron;
a, a', bearings, for the shaft C; b, 61, fly. wheels on, the shaft C;:c, c¹, pinions
on the shaft C; d, d, bevil wheels on the shaft C; e, e', spiral or screwed
knives on; the shafts F, F, F'; f',ƒƒ ƒ ƒ; toothed wheels on the shafts
F, F, F; g, g, toothed wheels on the shafts D, D; h,.h, combs on the
shaft K; i, i, bearings for the shaft K; k, k¹, bevil wheels on the shaft K;
,, bevil, wheels for giving motion to the shaft K;. m, m³, bearings of the
shaft ;.n.n'; toothed wheels.on. the shaft.Q; 0, 0',.bearings of the shaft.T;

page_text: P, p', toothed wheels on the shaft T; 1, 2, intermediate toothed wheels; s, s¹,
rollers on the type holder; t, t', slides on the horizontal shaft T; u, u', rollers
on the slides t, t'; 'v, v¹, levers connected to the slides t, ; 2, 3, hand
cranks.
The entire machine consisting of the clay-purifying apparatus, the moulding 5
press and the steam engine for driving the same is fixed on and between two
upright frames. On the top of both frames A, A', is fixed the engine cylinder
B on a cross bar connecting both frames, the piston of the cylinder working
the crank shaft C. This crank shaft which rests in the bearings a, a¹, (fixed
in the frames A, A¹) carries the two fly wheels b, b¹; behind the latter are 1
fixed the two pinions c, c³, which serve to work the press, and inside the
bearings a, a', the two bevils wheels d, d. Into the latter are geared the two
bevil wheels d³, d³, which are fixed on the vertical shafts D, D',' and which
transfer the movements to the clay-purifying apparatus.
This apparatus consists, in the first place, of an elliptical vertical vessel E, 1
which I call an elevator; it is fixed between the two frames A, A, and upon
cross bars. In this elevator E there are three vertical shafts F, F; F', which
are provided with screwed or spiral knives e, e¹. These screwed shafts have
on the ends which project below the bottom of the elevator the toothed wheels
f',ƒ³‚ƒ³ƒ^ƒ'; the wheels f¹, ff, gear into each other upon the screw
shafts, whereas, the wheels f',f', work into the pinions g, g³, which are:fixed upon
the shafts D, D'. Over the above-mentioned shafts F, F, and F, is a grate
or grid G in the élevator, which may be drawn out when required, for which
purpose there is a door provided. The supply of the clay to this elevator out
of the hopper H takes place by means of an opening which is a little above
the bottom of the hopper. Near the bottom part of the hopper and opposite
the above-mentioned opening works the shaft K, which is furnished with combs
bent backwards, which combs pass between the grid L fixed above the opening,
and through or between which the clay is pushed towards the screwed or
spiral knives. The shaft K extends through the sides of the hopper, and
works in the bearings i, ¹, cast on the two frames A, A. Fixed to the shaft
Kare the two bevil wheels k, l, which communicate by other bevil wheels 1, 2,
with the shafts D, D. The above-mentioned elevator E has, as far as the
grid, an elliptical form corresponding with the screwed knives, but above it is
changed to a prismatic form, upon which a drawer M runs in grooves, which,
when it is over the former, is covered at the top by means of a covering
plate N screwed on the frames A, A¹. At the same height as the above-
mentioned elevator is the case or frame R containing the moulds, in such a
ivay that the draw M from the elevator can run in grooves on to the moulds.

page_text: Above these moulds in the case R the piston or presser O moves in slides cast
or fixed to the covering plate, the piston. O. fitting exactly into the drawer.
This piston, which is connected to the connecting rods P, P¹, receives its up-
and-down motion from the crank shaft Q above it, which works in the bearings
m, m³, on the frames A, A¹, and which has fixed to it the toothed .wheels.n;, n¹.
gearing into the above-mentioned pinions c, c². After, the bricks are formed
the above-mentioned, moulds R receive the types S, which are on a plate or:
holder mounted with rollers s, s², under which is the horizontal shaft T.working.
in the bearings o, o, fixed on the middle cross bars of the two frames A, A¹?
This shaft has at the outside of the frames the two toothed wheels p, p, which
receive their movement by means of intermediate toothed wheels.1, r, one of
which gears at each side with the toothed wheels n, n². Inside the bearings
the shaft T carries the two eccentrics or cams U, U¹, which, as they rise,
come in contact with the rollers s, s¹, and effect the lifting.movement of the
type. The eccentrics or cams also effect the forward and backward movement
of the drawer 'by acting on the rollers u, u³, fixed on the slides t, t¹, which
rollers by means of the levers v, v³, are connected with .the drawer. For the
reception of the bricks pushed from the type 'S by means of the drawer, there
is fastened to the frames. A, A, supports carrying an endless apron V. This
apron is on a level with the bottom of the bricks, and consists of parallel
rollers, which are so connected together by means of linen or other suitabló
material being stretched over them, that the rolling off of the bricks is effected
by means of the hand cranks z, 2, upon the transport wagons, which are to bè
pushed up to this point.
jou
:
In machine Number Two, I represent another of my improved brick presses,
which is constructed for a daily produce of from forty thousand to fifty
thousand bricks.
:
Figure 6 is a side view; Figure 7, a front view; Figure 8, a section of the
side view; Figure 9, a section of the front view; and Figure.10, a top view of
the machine.'
A, A', are the two main frames of the machine; B, the steam engine
cylinder; C, the driving shaft of the machine, and crank shaft of the steam
engine; D, D', vertical shafts to move the spiral or scrowed knives; E, elevator
containing the knives; F, F, F, shafts of the screwed knives.; G, grate or
5 grid in the elevator; H, hopper; K, shaft with combs in the hopper H;
L, grid into which the combs of the shaft K work; M; drawer on the
elevator E; N, fixed covering plate of the drawer M; O, pistons or pressers;
P, P¹, connecting rods; Q, crank shaft; R, moulds for the bricks to be pressed
in; S,-types under the moulds R; T, horizontal shaft for moving the type S;

page_text: U, eccentrics or cams on the shaft T; V, roller table, or endless apron.
a, a¹, bearings for the shaft C; b, 61, fly wheels on the shaft C; c, c', pinions.
on the shaft C; d', ds, bevil wheels on the shaft C; d³, d', bevil wheels on
the shafts D, D¹; e, e', screwed or spiral knives on the shafts F, F, F;
ƒ¹‚ƒ³‚ƒ³‚ƒ^ƒ³, toothed wheels on the shafts F, F, F; 9, 9', toothed wheels
on the shafts D, D₁; h, h¹, combs on the shafts K, K; i, i, bearings for the
shaft K; k,, spur wheels on the shafts K, K', K'; 2, 1, bevil wheels for
giving motion to the shaft K³; m, m³, bearings of the shaft Q; n, n', toothed
wheels on the shaft Q; o, o¹, bearings of the shaft T; p, p, toothed wheels on
the shaft, T; 7, 74, intermediate wheels; s, s', rollers on the type holder;
t, t, moveable bars; u, u¹, rollers on the slides t, t'; u, v, toothed segments;
,, hand cranks.
The principle and also the movements of the mechanism are similar to those
of the machine Number One, before described, for twenty thousand bricks, with
the difference, that on each side of the elevator E there is a press instead of
only one press, as in Number One. The supplying of the clay which has been
brought up under the press by means of the screwed knives takes place
through the drawer M, which is here divided into two halves, which have an
alternating horizontal movement, in such a manner that when one-half is
outside the elevator E in order to permit the clay in it to be pushed into the
moulds R the other half becomes filled. The alternating horizontal move-
ment of the drawer M is imparted to it by gearing racks underneath into
toothed segments v, v², attached to the moveable bars t, t, having at their ends
the rollers u, u', which are acted upon by the eccentrics or cams U, U', on
the shaft T. The movements of the presses, and also those of the purifying
apparatus are the same as in machine Number One, only it remains to be
mentioned that the hopper is not in the front, as in machine Number One, but
at the side of the press.
In machine Number Three, Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, I represent
another of my improved brick presses, which is constructed for a daily pro-
duction of from one hundred thousand to one hundred and twenty thousand
bricks.
Figure 11 is a side view; Figure 12, a front view; Figure 18, a section of
the side view; Figure 14, a section of the front view; Figure 15, a top view.
A, A', are the two frames; B, the cylinder of the steam engine; C, the
driving shaft of the machine, and the crank shaft of the steam engine;
D, D', vertical shafts to move the screwed or spiral knives; E, elevator;
F, F, F, F, shafts for screwed or spiral knives; G, grate or grid in the
elevator E; H, hopper in the elevator E; K, shaft with combs in the hopper

page_text: H; L, grid into which the combs of the shaft K work; M, drawer on the
elevator E; N, fixed covering plate of the drawer M; O, pistons or pressers;
P, P', connecting rods; Q, crank shaft; R, moulds for the bricks to be pressed
in; S, types; T, T, horizontal shafts for moving the type S; U, U¹, eccentrics
or cams on the shaft T; V, endless apron. a, a¹, bearings for the shaft C
6, 61, fly wheels on the shaft C; c, c', driving pinions on the shaft C; d¹, d³,
bevil wheels on the shaft C; d³, d', bevil wheels on the shafts D, D¹;
e, e', screwed or spiral knives on the shafts F, F, F, F; f, f, toothed
wheels on the shafts F, F, F, F; g, g', toothed wheels.on the shafts D, D¹;
h, h', combs on the shaft K; i, i, bearings for the shaft K; k, l, spur-wheels
on the shaft K; 1, A, bevil wheels on the shafts D, D¹; m, m', bearings of the
shaft Q;n, n', toothed wheels on the shaft Q; o, o', bearings of the shaft T;
p.p', toothed wheels. of the shaft T; r,, intermediate wheels; s, s³, rollers
on the type holder; t, t, slides; u, u³, rollers on the slides t, t; v,'v¹, toothed
segments; z, z, hand cranks."
This machine is constructed on the same principles as the two preceding
'ones, Number One and Number Two, and therefore the description of them
is also applicable to this. It only remains to be observed that the elevator
contains four shafts for the screwed or spiral knives instead of three, and that
ten bricks are pressed in each press instead of four. The elevator is divided
at the top into two parts, one of which is alternately closed when the drawer
M above it proceeds forward in order to bring the clay which it contains under
the piston O. The alternating horizontal movement of the drawer is imparted
to it, as in machine 'Number One, by means of the slides t, t'; and instead of
having, as machine Number Two, only one hopper H at the side, this machine
Number Three has one on each side.
"1
In order to save manual labour in the removing of the bricks or other
manufactured articles to. the drying ground or other place provided for them,
I make use of improved transport waggons. In Figures 16, 17, and 18 I
> represent one of my improved: transport wagons for my above-mentioned
machines, which carries off or supplies about, three hundred and twenty bricks.
Figure 16 is a side, view, Figure 17 a top view, and Figure. 18 a front view, of
the wagon.
f
A, wheel frame;..B, frames for carrying the endless aprons; 'a, conducting
5 bearers; ; b, stay rods; c, wrought-iron toothed bars; d, roller bearings; e, stay
rods of the toothed bars c; f, .shaft. with the toothed wheels g; 'g, toothed
wheels, of the shaft f;:h, screw or worm wheels; .i,, hand-crank or handle;
k, shaft with the screw or worm; 1, screw or worm; 'm, rollers; n, stopping
wheel; o, stopping book; p,. link and joint in the lever.q;.g, lever

page_text: "
This transport wagon consists of a metal wheel frame A, resting on wheels
with tyres provided with rims, in order to keep them on the rails, which frame
is protected by buffers from the injurious effect of collisions. Upon this
frame A are fastened the conducting bearers a, which are connected together
by the bars b, so as to form two frames upon the above-mentioned metal wheel
frame. In these frames slide, in grooves cut in the bearers a, the two frames
B which carry the endless aprons. These frames are formed by four wrought-
iron toothed bars c, which are held together by means of the roller bearers d
and the stay rods e. The frames B, with the toothed bars c, slide in the
above-named grooves, and are raised or lowered by the movement of the
toothed wheels g on the shaft f. This motion, as well as the stopping of
the shaft f, is produced by means of the worm wheels h fixed on them being
acted upon by the screws or worms 2 fixed on the shafts A, which are provided
with handles or hand cranks i. Between the roller bearers d, and supported
by them, are the rollers m, which are connected by linen covered with india-
rubber, so as to form a series of endless aprons or moveable tables, upon which
are pushed the bricks from the endless apron V of the machine. To one of
the shafts or wheels of this wagon there is connected a stopping wheel n,
which is seized by the catch or curbing hook o, connected with the lever q by
means of the joint p, by. which arrangement the wheel can be fastened and
unfastened, and therefore enable me, when the endless aprons contained in
one of the frames B are filled with bricks, to give the required forward
movement of the other endless aprons.
If the brick ground should not permit of an extended tramway, I employ
.another arrangement for the transport, wagons, which will be clearly under-
stood by referring to Figures 19, 20, and 21; Figure 19 being a top view,
Figure 20 a side view, and Figure 21 a front view, of the wagon.
a, wheel frame; b, ring on the same; c, ring on the conducting frame;
d, pin or swivel for connecting the rings b and c; e, conducting frame;
f, standards; g, stay rods; h, racks on the conducting frame; i, toothed
wheels; k, shafts of the toothed wheels i; 1, screw shafts; m, screw wheel;
.m³, screws; n, bar or supports; o, rollers; p, stay rods of the conducting
frame.
This transport wagon consists of a metal frame a upon wheels for running
on rails, and protected from injury by buffers. Connected to this frame is
the ring b, on which rests the ring c, the two being connected at the centre by
the pin or swivel d, so as to admit of being turned. Fixed on the ring c
is the frame e, having bolted to it the standards f, which can be held firm
by the stay rods g. In these standards slide the racks h, which are connected

page_text: by means of bars or supports n and the stay rods p, and so form a moveable
conducting frame. Into these racks h work the toothed wheels i on tho
shafts k. These shafts k, which rest in bearings fixed to the conducting
frame f, carry on one end the screw or worm wheels m, and receive their
movement from the screws. or worms m¹ on the shaft 7 by means of the
handles. The rollers o in the bearings n are covered with linen, so as to
form a series of endless aprons or moveable tables.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly
understood, that I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of my know-
ledge and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm, the general
arrangement and construction of the machinery or apparatus for making
bricks, tiles, and similar articles, as also the apparatus for transporting the
same, which improvements are also applicable for the utilizing of turf, peat,
coal dust, or similar substances, as such machinery or apparatus is herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Nineteen Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Effertz, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Peter Effertz, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
PETER EFFERTZ. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.