IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF PINIONS FOR ACTUATING WHEELS AND MACHINERY, AND IN THE METHOD OF PAWLING PINIONS AND WHEELS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Nugent Nixon, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF PINIONS FOR ACTUATING WHEELS AND MACHINERY, AND IN THE
METHOD OF PAWLING PINIONS AND WHEELS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Nugent Nixon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1876.
CHRISTOPHER NUGENT NIXON, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PINIONS FOR ACTUATING WHEELS
AND MACHINERY, AND IN THE METHOD OF PAWLING PINIONS AND WHEELS OF EVERY
DESCRIPTION."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of pinions
for actuating wheels and machinery, and in the method of pawling the same,
whereby great safety, strength, and efficiency of action are attained as compared
with the arrangements hitherto employed for such purposes.
Instead of the ordinary leaves or teeth the pinion is formed of bars placed
parallel to each other, and mounted at one or both end or ends in a plate or plates.
Such bars may be of any desired and suitable number, provided sufficient space be
left between the same respectively to receive the teeth of the wheel to be actuated
thereby. The bars are arranged according to their number; if two only, simply in a
parallel manner at a suitable distance from each other, but when the number is
greater the same are accurately placed in a triangular, quadrangular, or other form,
according to the number of the bars. The bars may be either fixed or be free to
revolve in the bearings formed in the said plate or plates; or friction rollers may be
provided, in which case the bars will be fixed. The plate or plates is or are
furnished with a spindle or spindles, the end or ends of which works or work in a
journal or journals formed in one or two upright standard or standards of suitable
strength.
The teeth of the wheels to be worked by the pinions which form the subject of
this Invention must be cut of such a form as to allow the bars to traverse the same
freely, and at the same time constantly to exert motive power thereon. The spindle
or spindles of the pinion is or are in some cases arranged to move up and down in

page_text: a slot or slots formed for that purpose in the standard or standards in which the
same rotates or rotate.
In connection with the pinion is or are used an automatic or self-acting pawl or
pawls, which moves or move with the action of the pinion, and is or are capable of
acting both ways, in whichever way the pinion may be revolving, and of holding
the latter in its place, so that the wheel cannot through the carelessness of an
attendant revolve in the direction opposite to that intended.
The action of the pawl or pawls is regulated and controuled when required by
means of a hand lever or foot pedal. One or more pawls may be employed, and the
same may act either directly on the bars or teeth of the pinion or upon studs fixed
or formed in or upon the terminal plate or plates. In the case of the pinion rising
in a slot or slots the pawling arrangement may be applied to the wheel instead of
the pinion.
This method of pawling may be used in connection with any description of
wheels or system of wheelwork.
The pinion which forms the subject of this Invention may also be arranged to
actuate a spur wheel by placing the bars obliquely, so as to act somewhat on the
principle of an inclined plane or screw.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed-by-
the said Christopher Nugent Nixon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd April 1877.
sex.
CHRISTOPHER NUGENT NIXON, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PINIONS FOR ACTUATING WHEELS
AND MACHINERY, AND IN THE METHOD OF PAWLING PINIONS AND WHEELS OF EVERY
DESCRIPTION."
My said Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of
pinions for actuating wheels and machinery, and in the method of pawling the
same, whereby great safety, strength, and efficiency of action are attained as com-
pared with the arrangements hitherto employed for such purposes.
Instead of the ordinary leaves or teeth the pinion is formed of bars placed
parallel to each other, and mounted at one or both ends in a plate or plates. Such
bars may be of any desired and suitable number, provided sufficient space be left
between the same respectively to receive the teeth of the wheel to be actuated
thereby. The bars are arranged according to their number; if two only, simply in a
parallel manner at a suitable distance from each other, but when the number is
greater the same are accurately placed in a triangular, quadrangular, or other form,
according to the number of the bars: The bars may be either fixed or be free to
revolve in the bearings formed in the said plate or plates; or friction rollers may be
provided, in which case the plate or plates is or are furnished with a spindle or
spindles, the end or ends of which works or work in a journal or journals formed in
one or two upright standard or standards of suitable strength.
The teeth of the wheels to be worked by the pinions which form the subject of
my said Invention must be cut of such a form as to allow the bars to traverse the
same freely, and at the same time constantly to exert power thereon. The spindle or
spindles of the pinion is or are in some cases arranged to move up and down in slots
formed for that purpose in the standard or standards in which the same rotates or
rotate.
In connection with the pinion is or are used an automatic or self-acting pawl or
pawls provided with one or more teeth, which gear into one or more bars of the
pinion or into studs provided for that purpose on the leaves of the latter. The
pawl or pawls moves or move with the action of the pinion, and is or are capable
of acting both ways, whichever way the pinion may be revolving, and of holding

page_text: the latter in its place, so that the wheel cannot through the carelessness of an
attendant revolve in the direction opposite to that intended.
The action of the pawl or pawls is regulated and controlled when required by
means of a hand lever or foot pedal or other suitable contrivance. One or more
pawls may be employed, and the same may act either directly on the bars or teeth
of the pinion or upon studs fixed or formed in or upon the terminal plate or plates.
In the case of the pinion rising in a slot or slots the pawling arrangement may be
applied to the wheel instead of the pinion.
The system of pawling herein-before described may be used in connection with
any description of wheels or system of wheelwork.
The pinion which forms the subject of my said Invention may also be arranged
to actuate a spur wheel by placing the bars obliquely so as to act somewhat on the
principle of an inclined plain or screw.
Having thus declared and ascertained the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider novel and original and therefore claim as constituting the Invention
secured to me by the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent are, the
improvements in the construction of pinions for. actuating wheels and machinery,
and in the method of pawling pinions and wheels of every description, substantially
as and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Nugent Nixon, have hereunto set
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
my
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