Improvements in Electrical Apparatus for the Production of Ozone or for other purposes
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan.,
1897
Complete Specification Left, 14th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 11th Dec., 1897
"
Improvements in Electrical Apparatus for the Production of Ozone
or for other purposes."
I, ALBERT VERLEY of 7 Quai de Seine Courbevoie near Paris in the Republic
of France, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
:-
The object of my Invention is to improve electrical machines such as those used
fer the manufacture of ozone. My Invention is mainly applicable to machines
in which ozone is produced by electrical action between sheets of metal separated
by a layer of air or oxygen, with or without a layer of solid or fluid dielectric, to
which plates alternating currents of electricity are conveyed though it is also
applicable to other forms of machines for producing ozone by the action of
electricity.
I have found that as a mule the amount of ozone produced under given circum-
stances by a certain amount of electrical energy at a given voltage is increased by
increase of the frequency of the alternations and that such increase is therefore
capable to a certain extent of counteracting the effects of a diminution of voltage.
Accordingly in order to increase the frequency to a very great extent I make use
of the oscillations of electrical current produced by the introduction of an air
space and a condenser into the circuit in the manner first made known by Hertz
in connection with his discoveries as to electromagnetic oscillation.
To describe a simple form of my Invention I use an ozoniser constructed of two
thin plates or layers of metal separated by a sheet of glass and a space through
which the air or oxygen passes and instead of connecting both these sheets of metal
directly with the poles of a transformer or alternating machine of high tension
I connect the poles of such machine to the plates of a condenser. One of these
plates is metallically continuous with one layer of metal of the ozoniser. The other
plate of the condenser is connected with the other layer of metal of the ozoniser by a
metallic circuit in which is interposed a small air space so that the two plates of
the ozoniser are respectively connected to the two plates of the condenser, the one
by direct metallic contact, and the other through a circuit with an interruption
or air space. By these means a frequency is obtained far higher than that obtain-
able from dynamo machines and the yield of ozone is increased. Less heat is also
generated.
Although I prefer to apply my Invention to a machine of this type it is capable
of being applied to others. My Invention is capable of being applied to other
purposes in which electric discharge is required and not only for producing ozone.
Dated this 18th day of January 1897.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX
47 Lincolns Inn Fields London W.C. Agents.

page_text: 66
Improvements in Electrical Apparatus for the Production of Ozone
or for other purposes."
I, ALBERT VERLEY of 7 Quai de Seine Courbevoie near Paris in the Republic
of France, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
The object of my Invention is to improve electrical machines such for example
as those used for the manufacture of ozone. My Invention is mainly applicable
to machines in which ozone is produced by electrical action between sheets of metal
separated by a layer of air, or oxygen, with, or without, a layer of solid, or fluid,
dielectric, to which plates alternating currents of electricity are conveyed, though
it is also applicable to other forms of machines for producing ozone by the action
of electricity.
I have found that as a rule the amount of ozone produced under given circum-
stances by a certain amount of electrical energy at a given voltage is increased by
increase of the frequency of the alternations and that such increase is therefore
capable, to a certain extent, of counteracting the effects of a diminution of voltage.
Accordingly in order to increase the frequency to a very great extent, I make
use of the oscillations of electrical current produced by the introduction of an air
space and a condenser, into the circuit in the manner first made known by Herz
in connection with his discoveries as to electromagnetic oscillation.
To describe a simple form of my Invention I use an ozoniser constructed of two
thin plates, or layers, of metal separated by a sheet of glass and a space through
which the air, or oxygen, passes and instead of connecting both these sheets of
metal directly with the poles of a transformer, or alternating machine, of high
tension, I connect the poles of such machine to the plates of a condenser. One of
these plates is metallically continuous with one layer of metai of the ozoniser.
The other plate of the condenser is connected with the other layer of metal of the
ozoniser by a metallic circuit in which is interposed a small air space, so that the
two plates of the ozoniser are respectively connected to the two plates of the con-
denser, the one by direct metallic contact, and the other through a circuit with an
interruption, or air space. By these means a frequency is obtained far higher
than that obtainable from dynamo machines and the yield of ozone is increased.
Less heat is also generated.
Although I prefer to apply my Invention to a machine of this type it is capable
of being applied to others. My Invention is not only capable of being applied to
machines for producing ozone but is capable of being applied to other purposes
in which electric discharge is required.
The fundamental experiment of Herz is the following referring to Figure 1 of
the accompanying diagram.
Two spheres S and S₁ are connected by means of copper rods to two small
balls bb the said rods being also connected to Rhumkorff coils, the poles of which
are represented by P P. If the difference of potential be sufficient a spark passes
between the balls bb1, the spheres are discharged, and if the value of resistance (R),
of self induction (L), and of capacity (C) satisfy the inequality R. < 2
L (or
✓
C
represent a sufficient inequality,) this discharge will take place under oscillation.
A series of electric disturbances of very short durations ensues, the period of which
is given according to the formula of Lord Kelvin. These periods are of billionth
parts of a second.

page_text: The system S₁ has been termed the "exciter" and the function of the coil P P¹
is to constantly renew the charges of the exciter.
The extremely rapid electric vibrations or waves produced by the exciter when
transmitted into a dielectric medium are stopped by the conducting surfaces upon
which they reflect.
They are capable of being rendered manifest by the aid of an apparatus sus-
ceptible of vibrating in conjunction with the exciter and which is termed an
electric sounder.
The sounder is an open circuit as shewn in Figure 2 and its capacity, its
resistance and its self induction, must as nearly as possible satisfy the same
equation as the corresponding quantity of the exciter.
If the sounder be placed in the neighbourhood of the exciter, a wave of sparks
is clearly seen to emanate between the balls c¸c¹.
Figure 3 is a diagram of a device according to my Invention embodying the
foregoing principles.
2
The transformer T has its two poles P P¹ connected at P, P₁ to a condenser C.
At each alternation of the current the transformer is discharged into the con-
denser C. If the condenser C be connected by the wires P, P₂ P₁ P₂ to an
effluvium apparatus 0, it discharges into this apparatus, and if care be taken to
cut one of the circuits, for example P₁ P, so as to cause sparks to pass between
band, the discharge from the condenser C is oscillatory, and in the whole
effluvium apparatus a series of extremely rapid vibrations takes place, which can
be male manifest by placing a Herz's sounder near the effluvium apparatus, when
a series of sparks is caused to be discharged from it.
It is also found that the effluvium is much more beautiful, and that it is mani-
fested in the form of a blue cloud, instead of in a series of small sparks.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :---
The hereinbefore described improvements in electrical machines for the pro-
duction of electric effluvium for the manufacture of ozone, or for other purpose,
consisting in the use with an effluvium apparatus, of a device for producing
Herzian waves or vibrations, viz: a condenser charged by a source of electricity
of high potential, and discharging its electricity into the effluvium apparatus, the
one plate of the condenser being metallically continuous with one plate of the
electric effluvium apparatus, and the other plate of the condenser having an
interruption or air space in its connection with the other plate of the electric
effiuvium apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 14th day of October 1907
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincolns Inn Fields London W.C. Agents.