Improvements in and Connected with Corrugated Sheet-metal Roofs.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1889-Accepted, 15th June, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Corrugated Sheet-metal Roofs.
I, BERNARD CASSIDY, of 31 Auchintoshan Terrace, Glasgow, Lanarkshire,
Foreman Tinsmith, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
Heretofore great labour and expense have been necessarily incurred in the making
of roofs or roofing of corrugated sheet-metal wherever flat parts or flat fittings of the
corrugated plates are required over the purlins or boarding on these, whore windows,
lights, or hatchways had to be formed, or at the ridges and eaves of the roofs to
prevent wind or rain blowing in. This invention has reference to improvements for
overcoming these difficulties in a more simple and convenient manner than heretofore,
mainly by the manipulation of the corrugated plates themselves, hereinafter described,
with a minimum of fittings to give strength to the parts cut out of the corrugated
plates where the recessos had to be cut out for the windows or hatchways in the roof,
or where the lights had to be left longitudinally across the whole or great part of the
roof, at right angles to the corrugations of the plates, which always run in the
direction from the ridge to the eaves, to deliver the water into the rhones at the ends
of the corrugated plates under the eaves.
A first improvement consists in flattening the corrugated ends of the plates where
they have to lie flat on the purlins or parallel to these at the eaves or ridges, or along
the edges where the lights or windows have to be formed through the plates and roof.
This is effected by laying the ends of the plates after they are corrugated, or the
parts where they had to be flattened down, over a corrugated block or die, with the
ends of the raised corrugations rounded off, and cut away flat with the bottom or
intermediate corrugations, and at right angles or transversely across the corrugations;
and then in beating or pressing in the one side of each raised corrugation over this
flat part, and folding the other side of the corrugations over this beat-in part, so as to
make a close double narrow fold or plaited or creased joint of the plate, parallel to
and nearly opposite the middle of each ridge, without cutting the plate. And then in
stamping down these folded or plaited parts by an upper flat die or bolster on the
lower flat die, as by a powerful screw, eccentric, or cam mechanical press, or it might
be a steam or hydraulic press; or these parts after being so creased might be rolled
down flat instead of being stamped down by presses; and these plates, which have to
be thus creased or flattened double without being cut or jointed, would preferably be
made of thin mild or annealed steel, or other more ductile sheet metal than the
ordinary corrugated roofing. The flattened parts of these plates so formed, would
then be ready for lying flat on the roof in the usual manner along the eaves or over the
plates above the eaves, with the flattened parts lying close on the purlins where the
window lights had to be ranged along the roof; and the frames or sash-bars carrying
the glazed windows would simply require to be laid over these flat parts of the plates,
with sufficient covering or lap to prevent rain or wind blowing in. The upper ends
of these glazed frames or sash-bars of the window, would rest on the T-shaped or
other purlins, having the flattened lower ends of the corrugated plates carried also
on these purlins, but projecting and curved down over the glazed frames or astragals,
sufficient to convey the water, down on to the window from the corrugated plates,
without the possibility of the wind blowing the water up through below the plates or
the joints of the window frames or astragals. Then the upper ends of the corrugated
plates laid and secured at the ridges of the roof, would be similarly flattened and Inid
on to the purlins or boarding at the ridges, and have ordinary longitudinal angle or
inverted (A) shaped ridge plates inserted over these fat parts of the corrugated
plates at the ridge of the roof, so that no rain could be blown in under these ridge
plates. Or otherwise, narrow corrugated ridge plates might be made in long lengths,
"

page_text: .
with their corrugations made transversely, and have a part in the centre of these
corrugated plates folled or plaited down flat as described; and then have theso
central flattened parts creased down angularly as ridge plates, with the plain longitudinal
ridge in the centre, substantially in the same manner as ridge plates are stamped out
of plain flat narrow sheets, except that the narrow corrugations on each side of these
new corrugated ridge plates would lie and fit down into the corrugations of the top
end of the upper corrugated roof plates.
When fixed windows or dead lights had to be fitted in these corrugated plates, the
part would be cut out of the middle or body of oach plate of proper size, where the
window had to be fitted; and have a part of the ends of the corrugations at the upper
and lower parts of the window recess so cut out, creased and flattened down in under
dies, all substantially as hereinbefore described, except that the flattened part would
be level with the upper or outer surface of the corrugations. Then an angle-iron frame
would be riveted round three sides of the flat outer part, (the upper and two sides), or
it might be the wholo four sides, (that is on the under side also), into which angled
frame the plate glass would be fitted, and have the edge or edges of the flattened
corrugated part folded over the horizontal web of the angle-iron; and when the
window frames are wide they might have a central T astragal up the centre, so as to
form the window of two sheets of plate glass. When the whole corrugated window
plate. so formed is galvanized, the tin, zinc, or other conting metal would run into
the joints of the angle-iron, and make them all water tight; and where the angle-iron
is left off at the under-end -for sliding in the plate glass from below, it would have
strips of tin, zinc, or other metal, soldered under the glass, so as to be bent up and
secure it, the vertical flange of the angle-iron being so set inwards as to prevent-the
plate glass rising out of its frame; and the glass might be either set in on the plain
angle-iron frame so formed with wide flanges, that the water could not get in under
the edges; or it may be embedded in putty or india-rubber, or it may he wood; or
it may be set in woodod or sheet leaded astragal frames. Or lead or zinc could be so
fitted within the angle-iron as to be folded over the edges of the glass as a water-tight
fitting. In some cases rectangular wooden glazed framed windows or hatch door
frames might be fitted over or outside the said angle-iron frame, and have hinges at
their upper edge, either riveted or otherwise secured to the upper flattened or
corrugated parts of the plate; and have these frames fitted at their lower ends with.
segmental or quadrant securing bars passing into the inside, so as to lock them down
close or at any height desired from the inside for ventilation or otherwise, much as
ordinary roof window frames and hatchways are secured over slated and other roofs.
Dated this 8th day of August 1888.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Corrugated Sheet-metal Roofs.
I, BERNARD CASSIDY, of 31 Auchintoshan Terrace, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Foreman
Tinsmith, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
-
Heretofore great labour and expense have been necessarily incurred in the making
of roofs or roofing of corrugated sheet-metal wherever flat parts or flat fittings of the
corrugated plates are required over the purlins, or boarding on these, where windows,
lights or hatchways had to be formed, or at the ridges and eaves of the roofs to
prevent wind or rain blowing in. This invention has reference to improvements for
overcoming these difficulties in a more simple and convenient manner than heretofore,
mainly by the manipulation of the corrugated plates themselves, hereinafter described,
with a minimum of fittings to give strength to the parts cut out of the corrugated

page_text: plates where the recesses had to be cut out for the windows or hatchways in the roof.
or where the lights had to be left longitudinally across the whole or great. part of
the roof, at right angles to the corrugations of the plates, which always run in the
direction from the ridge to the eaves, to deliver the water into the rhomes at the ends
of the corrugated plates under the eaves.
And in order that my said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may he properly understood, I have hereunto appended
an explanatory Sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 is a plan or
side view of the eave or lower ridge part of a corrugated sheet metal roof, showing
the corrugated ends a of the corrugated plates A as flattened down to the lower
surface of the corrugations at a in accordance with my improvements; and Figure 2
is an angular edge sectional elevation taken on the line 1---1 Figure 1 of
corrugated roof, as broken away at the central part 2, corresponding to Figure 1, but
showing both the eave plates A, a, and the ridge plates A', a', as flattened at their
ends a. a', respectively, in accordance with my improvements. Figure 3 is a plan or
side view, and Figure 4 an edge elevation taken on the line 2 - -2 of Figure 3, of
part of a corrugated roof plate A showing the part W cut away and formed for
fixing a window or dead light, and in which the lower and upper parts or clges at a²
are flattened towards the upper surface of the ridges of the plate A³, and having the
window frame B, B1, B2, secured thereto, all in accordance with my improvements.
Referring to these Drawings:-A first improvement consists in flattening the
corrugated ends or edges a a' of the platos A, A', where they have to lie flat on the
purlins or boardings of the roof, or parallel to these at the enves or ridges, respectively
as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or along the edges a where the lights or windows have
to be cut and formed through the plates A2, A3, and roof, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
This is effected by laying the ends of the plates A. A¹, or A², after they are
corrugated, or the parts where they had to be flattened down, over a corrugated
block or die C, as shown in edge section in Figure 5, with the plate A dotted in over
it, and with the ends of the raised corrugations A" rounded off, and cut away flat
with the bottom or intermediate corrugations A and at right angles or tranversely
across the corrugations; and then in beating or pressing in the one side of each
raised corrugation A, A1, A2, over this flat part at a" and folding the other side of
the corrugations over this beat-in part, so as to make a close double narrow fold or
plaited or creased joint of the plate at a parallel to and nearly opposite the middle -
of each ridge or corrugation A", without cutting the plate A, A' as shown in sharp
and dotted lines at a, a, a', in Figures 1 and 2. "And then in stamping down these
folded or plaited parts a by a hammer or it might be an upper flat die or bolster
indicated at D Figure 5 on the lower flat die C, as by a powerful screw, eccentric, or
cam mechanical press, or it might be a steam or hydraulic press; or these parts a,
after being so creased might be rolled down flat by a roller instead of being stamped
down by the die D and presses; and these plates A A' which have to be thus creased or
flattened double without being cut or jointed, would preferably be inade of thin mild
or annealed steel, or other more ductile sheet metal than the ordinary corrugated
roofing. The flattened parts a or a of these plates A A' so formed are then ready for
lying flat on the roof in the usual manner along the eaves or over the flat plates above
the eaves or ridges respectively, with the flattened parts a a lying close on the
purlins or boarding over these, or parallel to these where the window lights had to be
ranged along the roof but raised to the upper surface of the ridges A" of the plates A',
and the frames B B and sash-bars B2 carrying the glass of the glazed windows would
simply require to be laid over or under these flat paris of the plates A, A', with
sufficient covering or lap to prevent rain or wind blowing up in. The upper ends of
the glazed frames or sash-bars of the window, would rest on the T-shaped or other
purlins, having the flattened lower ends a of the corrugated plates A, A1, carried
also on the purlins, but projecting and curved down over the glazed frames or
astragals, sufficient to convey the water down on to the window from the corrugated
plates A, A, without the possibility of the wind blowing the water up through below

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the plates or the joints of the window frames or astragals. Then the upper ends a² of the
corrugated plates A', A¹. laid and secured at the ridges of the roof, would be
similarly flattened and laid on to the purlins or boarding at the ridges as at a¹ in
Figure 2, and have ordinary longitudinal angle or inverted V (^) shaped ridge
plates inserted over these flat parts of the corrugated plates A A' at the ridge of the
roof, so that no rain could be blown in under these ridge plates, and as dotted in at R
in Figure 2. Or otherwise, narrow corrugated ridge plates might be made in long
lengths, with their corrugations made transversely, and have a part in the centre of
these corrugated plates folded or plaitel down flat as described; and then have these
central flattened parts creased down angularly as ridge plates, with the plain
longitudinal ridge in the centre, substantially in the same inanner as ridge plates are
stamped out of plain flat narrow sheets, except that the narrow corrugations on each
side of these new corrugated ridge plates would lie and fit down into the corrugations
of the top end of the upper corrugated roof plates.
When fixed windows or dead lights had to be fitted in these corrugated plates, as
shown in Figures 3 and 4 the part would be cut out at W of the middle or hody of
each plate A A' of proper size, where the window had to be fitted; and have a part
of the ends of the corrugations at the upper and lower parts a³ of the plates A² of the
window recess so cut out, creased and Hattened down in under dies, all substantially
as hereinhefore described at all in reference to Figures 1, 2 and 5, except that the
flattened part a would be level with the upper or outer surface of the corrugations as
shown in Figure 4. Then an angle-iron frame B, B, B1, would he riveted round
three sides of the flat outer part, (the two sides B and upper B¹, or it might be the
whole four sides (that is on the under side also) into which angled frame the plate
glass would be fitted, and have the edge or edges of the flattened corrugated part a²
folded over the horizontal web of the angle-iron at a³; and when the window frames
are wide they might have a central T-section astragal B³ up the centre, so as to form
the window of two sheets of plate glass G, shown dotted-in in Figure 4, and be fitted
on the underside of the flat part a with a strengthening flat band B, or other
equivalent riveted to it, down over which the edges of the flattened part a would be
turned. When the whole corrugated window plate so formed is galvanized, the tin,
zine, or other coating metal would run into the joints of the angle-iron, and make
them all water tight; and where the angle-iron is. left off at the under end B³ for
sliding in the plate glass from below, it would have strips of tin, zinc or other
metal soldered under the glass, so as to be bent up and secure it, and the vertical
Bange of the angle-iron may be so set. inwards as to prevent the plate glass rising out
of its frame; and the glass might be either set in on the plain angle-iron
frame B, B', B, so formed with wide flanges, that the water could not get in under
the edges; or it may be embedded in putty or india-rubber, or it may be wood; or
it may be set in wood or sheet lend astragal frames. Or lead or zinc could be so
fitted within the angle-iron as to be folded over the edges of the glass as a water-
tight fitting. In some cases rectangular wooden glazed frained windows or hatch
door frames might be fitted over or outside the said angle-iron frame B, B1, B2, and
have hinges at their upper edge either riveted or otherwise secured to the upper
flattened or corrugated parts of the plate; and have these frames fitted at their lower.
ends with segmental or quadrant securing bars passing into the inside so as to lock
them down close or open at any height desired from the inside for ventilation or
otherwise, much as ordinary roof window frames and hatchways are secured over
slated and other roofs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is :-
•
First. The constructing or forming of the corrugated plates of sheet-metal roofs
with flattened ends and overlapping double parts or joints where they have to lie flat
on the purlins, or parallel to these, at the eaves or ridges, and along the edges where
the lights or windows have to be formed through the plates and roof, substantially as

page_text: and for the purposes herein described and distinguished, in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In corrugated sheet metal roofs, the cutting of window or dead light spaces
out of these, and flattening them round the edges, and fitting or riveting iron frames
thereto to form the window or hatch frames direct, substantially as herein described
in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
.
"COOT CHAT 10 Lun suo
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.