Improvements in Steam and like Turbines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 29th May, 1899-Accepted, 22nd July, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam and like Turbines.
I, JOHN BURGUM, of 43, Rua de Rozario, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to a reversible steam turbine of the circumferential flow
type in which the steam actuates either direction in the same conditions and power.
The drawings annexed shows the views as follows:-
and
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the centre of a set of three turbine
cylinders, Figure 2 is a plan of Figure 1, Figure 3 shows end elevation of
Figures 1 and 2, Figure 4 an enlarged section across the line D D in Figure 1
showing the fixed directing blades and the revolving furrow or blade drum,
Figure 5 is an enlarged section across the line E E in Figure 1, Figures 6 and 7
show another kind of blades on the revolving drum, Figures 8 and 9 are respect-
ively an enlarged partial section view across broken lines I H in Figure
LM in Figure 6, showing fixed partition rings with blades on each side and the
revolving partition rings fixed to drum, Figure 10 shows the steam ports in
cylinder, Figure 11 shows the reversing valve with a shaft extending through a
packed stuffing box, Figures 12 and 13 show the ball bearings, Figure 14 shows
the three compound turbine cylinders telescoped in one another, Figure 15 shows
a cross section through the line P Q in Figure 14. Each turbine cylinder is con-
structed with a fixed cylinder having a revolving drum internally fixed on to the
motor shaft, the cylinder has four ports, one communicating to each annular
chamber at each end of cylinder and also two ports communicating to the centre
of cylinder between the length, a reversing valve covers two of these ports admit-
ting the steam either to the two ends of cylinder and exhausting out at the centre
of cylinder, or admitting steam to the centre of cylinder and exhausting out at
the iwo ends of cylinder when reversing. Each end of cylinder is
closed by a cover which the motor shaft passes through its centre.
The cylinders contain a number of fixed rings of directing blades each
side of a partition as shown by drawings Figures 4 and 5 in which
one of the blades 85 or 86 extends in each section, to keep the steam
from circulating round the circumference. The revolving drum 25 has
partitions with furrows or blades 24, as shown by Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, which cor-
respond with those fixed to the cylinder, the blades on revolving drum has one
blade 87 or 88 in each section which extends as shown to keep the steam from
circulating round the circumference of the drum.
The steam is first admitted at 14 passing through the centre of reversing valve 10
to the ports 15 and 16 in valve 10 in the position of valve as shown, these ports
are in communication with the ports 17 and 18, which communicate to the an-
nular chambers 19 and 20; the steam now passes through a narrow space 21 and
22 round end of cylinder and flows through the first section of fixed directing
blades 23, directing the steam which now impinges on to the furrows or blades 24
on the revolving drum 25 giving motion in the direction as arrow 20, the steam

page_text: has now been towards the axis, it now passes through the partition 27 along the
furrow 24 striking the revolving partition 29 fixed to the drum, its course is now
changed being from the axis, the steam now impinges on to the fixed directing
blades 28 which rebounds a portion of its force on to the furrows or blades 24 in
the direction as arrow 26, the steam is now about to repeat the same as above
described, alternately passing the fixed and revolving partitions impinging on to
the furrows or blades until it arrives at the centre of cylinder which has a space
between the blade rings forming an annular chamber 44 between the cylinder
and the drum, it now passes through the cylinder ports 30 and 31 passing to the
valve chamber 33 to the outlet through the exhaust pipe 34, in this form the
steam flows through each turbine cylinder from one to the other until the steam
pressure is reduced down to the atmospheric pressure and then discharged to a
condenser. To reverse, the lever 35 is pulled over to the opposite side by the hand
lever 36 as shown in plan Figure 2, the ports 15, 10 in the reversing valve are
now brought in communication with the ports in centre of cylinder 30 and 31,
the ports 17 and 18 which had before admitted the steam to the ends of cylinder
are now open to the exhaust chamber 33. The steam now being admitted to the
centre annular chamber of cylinder 44 flows towards both ends of cylinder, first
through the fixed sections of directing blades 28 in Figure 5 impinging on to
the furrows or blades 24 on the revolving drum 25 giving motion in the direction
as arrow 37, the steam is now flowing towards the axis, it now passes through
the partition 27 along the furrow or blade 24 striking the revolving partition 29
fixed to the drum 25 its course is now changed being from the axis, the steam
now impinges on to the fixed directing blades 23 which rebounds a portion of its
force on to the furrows or blades 24 in the same direction as arrow 37, the steam
now repeats the same alternately until it reaches the ends of cylinder where it
passes into the annular chambers 19 and 20, through the ports 17 and 18 into
the valve chamber 33 and out through the exhaust pipe 84. Figure 14 shows
the three turbine cylinders telescoped into one, obtaining the same effective power
in the same space as the low pressure cylinder, this form of turbine is suitable
for land purposes where not required to be reversed. 47 is the fixed high pres-
sure cylinder. 48 is the fixed intermediate pressure cylinder. 49 is the low
pressure cylinder. 47 and 48 are fixed to the cylinder covers 50. 51, 52, 53 are
the high pressure, intermediate and low pressure revolving cylinders fixed to a
division plate 54, the motor shaft 55 is secured in the centre and passes through
the cylinder covers 50, the shaft runs on ball bearings as shown by Figures 12 and
13, Figure 15 is a cross section through the line fetters PQ showing the fixed
cylinders 47, 48, 49 which carry the fixed directing blades, and the revolving
cylinders 51, 52, 53 which carry the revolving blades same as shown in Figures 4
or 6, the blades 28 in Figures 5 and 8 are omitted in this form of turbine. The
steam is first admitted into the supply pipes 66 and 67 both at the same time, then
into the annular chambers 68 and 69, the steam now flows to the axis through
the first rings of fixed directing blades 23 in Figures 4 and 8 in fixed cylinder 47
impinging on to the furrows or blades 24 which are fixed to the revolving drum 51
giving motion in the direction as arrow 26 the steam now flows from the axis
between the fixed partitions 27 and the revolving partition 29 as shown by
Figure 8 (the blades 28 are omitted) the steam is now about to repeat the same
through the next ring of fixed directing blades flowing to the axis impinging on
to the furrows or blades which are fixed to the revolving cylinder then flowing
from the axis to be directed again and so on until the steam has passed through
the series of blade rings and arrives at the annular chambers 70 and 71 here the
steam returns back to the cylinder covers, between the fixed cylinders 47 and the
revolving cylinders 52 to the annular chambers 72 and 73 the steam now flows
through these sets of blades the same as before described, this cylinder being
larger in diameter the steam expands to a lower pressure, arriving at the annular
chambers 74 and 75 it returns back to the cylinder covers, between the fixed
cylinder 48 and the revolving cylinder 53 to the annular chambers 76 and 77 the

page_text: steam now flows through these sets of fixed and revolving blades the same as be-
fore described, this cylinder being larger than the former the steam here expands
to a lower pressure still, and when arriving at the annular chamber 78 the steam
is reduced to the atmospheric pressure where it exhausts out through the outlet
pipe 79 to a condenser or to the atmosphere.
38 is an ordinary governor worked by a worm off the motor shaft, the lever 39
is oscillated by the governor 38 which actuates on to the lever 40 being connected
to the throttle valve 41 cuts off the steam supply as required to maintain a uni-
form speed. Figures 6 and 7 show straight blades fixed to revolving drum, these
are made straight so as to facilitate their manufacture as they are cut out in a
milling machine. Figure 6 shows a cross section through the line d d in Figure 9,
and Figure 7 shows the blades on this side of partition 42 in the opposite direc-
tion. Across section on the line ee the partition rings 43 which are fixed to the
cylinder extend between the revolving blades on drum, and the partition rings 42
which revolve with the drum extends between the fixed blades in cylinder, the
steam flows through these form of blades the same as before described. I employ
ball bearings as shown by Figures 12 and 13 for the shaft to run on, the ball
chamber 80 is filled with oil allowing the balls to run in the lubricant, these
bearings have the dead weight of the shaft and the revolving drum to contend
with only, as the thrust on to the end of drum is perfectly balanced, a ring 81 is
placed at the inner side of ball casing, this ring has springs to keep the steam
from passing through the cylinder covers, a spiral spring 82 forces this ring
against the revolving drum 83, between this ring and the ball casing there is an
oil chamber 84 which lubricates the face of drum 83 through small holes in the
ring 81, by these means no steam is allowed to escape through the bearings, each
cylinder cover is fitted with these bearings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The construction of blade rings as shown by drawings Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9 in series so arranged as already described, of the circumferential flow type,
obtaining the same effective power in either direction the motor is run.
2. The form of cylinder as shown by drawings Figures 1, 2, 12 with ports
which admits the steam to both ends at the same time and exhausts out at the
centre, or admits the steam into the centre and exhausts out at both ends when
reversed, by these means the end thrust on to the revolving drum is equalised
obtaining a perfectly balanced machine.
3. The form of reversing valve as shown by drawing Figure 11 which admits
the steam through the centre into two ports of cylinder at the same time and
exhausts the other two ports of cylinder on the outside of same valve, and when
pulled round reverses the motion of the steam through the cylinder.
4. The form of compound turbine cylinders telescoped into one another as shown
by drawings Figures 14, 15 three or more revolving blade cylinders secured to the
same motor shaft inside the low pressure cylinder as already described the con-
ditions of the steam at both ends of the cylinder is the same therefore the end
thrust is perfectly balanced, being compact for land purposes where reversing
power is not required.
5. Turbines substantially as described and illustrated in the drawings.