Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 17th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
ALEXANDER NICHOLSON 52 Mary Street Dublin Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to improved means of wiring on pneumatic tyres to the
rims of wheels. For this purpose I provide what is known as the outer cover,
with two annular casings or passages at each side, one of said casings being of larger
circumference than the other, or one outside the other. In these casings is placed
a double coil of wire or other suitable material, which can be formed of one
continuous length of wire, and can be made so as to be adjustable in length which
forms two rings to correspond with the two casings of the cover.
When the tyre is placed in position on the rim, which can be done by expanding
the inner or smaller coil the strain caused by the inflation of the tyre coming first
on the outer coil, causes the inner one to contract upon the rim, thereby firmly
securing the tyre thereto.
If desired with tyres for very shallow rims, there can be cross-webs fitted
connecting both sides of the cover to prevent the tyre getting over the edge of
the rim.
There can also be fitted to the wires at the point where they cross each other, a
suitable clip for locking them in position if desired.
Obviously only one side of the cover may be fitted as herein described the other
side being attached to the rim by any suitable means.
Dated this 16th day of November 1893
ALEXANDER NICHOLSON.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
I ALEXANDER NICHOLSON 52 Mary Street Dublin Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has for its object to secure pneumatic tyres to the rims of wheels,
by means of wire or other expansible bands, so arranged in connection with the
cover as to automatically contract and carry along with them the edges of the cover
into and upon the rim of the wheel, when the tyre is being inflated, and the harder
it is inflated the tighter the wire and the cover sinks into and grips on the rim.
The advantages of which are at once apparent, for instance the pulls and shocks
the tyre receives in use, only tends to tighten it all the firmer on the rim.
opposite being the tendency of tyres at present in use their blowing off the rim
being a matter of frequent occurrence, also thereby dispensing with the use of
exposed wires, levers, screws, hooks, and chains and all such objectionable
arrangements for tightening the tyre upon the rim, and as in the cases where
TDi Q71
The

page_text: single inexpansible rings are used to obviate the necessity of using deep or high
flanged rims, of using leather, rubber, or other bands or packing to keep the tyre
even upon the rim, and to overcome other objectionable features accompanying their
use, such as their tendency to blow off, roll, or side slip.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings
Fig. 1. shows a segment of a pneumatic tyre and rim without the air tube arranged
and constructed according to this invention, one side of the cover being shown
detached from the rim.
Fig. 2. is a perspective view of an outer cover with a portion removed showing
the position of the wires when the tyre is inflated.
Figs. 3. and 4. shows a double coil of wire as used, the inner coil or circum-
ference being contracted in Fig. 3. as when the tyre is inflated, and expanded
in Fig. 4 as when the tyre is deflated and the coils pressed together for removing
the tyre.
Figs. 5 and 6 shows two methods of constructing the covers.
The rim a Fig. 1. can be any suitable size or shape, preferably shallow or having
narrow flanges at the sides. The outer rubber-protected cover Fig. 2. and 6 Fig. 1.
is constructed with two annular casings or passages at each side c. c 1 and c. c 1..
The inner or smaller ones in circumference c. c. being constructed at the edge of
the cover as shown in Figs. 5, 6, the outer or larger ones c 1. c 1. at any suitable
distance from the edges, and formed by sewing or otherwise securing a folded
strip of material between the layers of the canvas, as shown in Fig. 5, or
by turning back the edges of one of the layers of canvas as in Fig. 6, or obviously
by any of the numerous other ways the material can be folded or woven.
At one part of the circumference of the outer casings, where the wires cross
each other as shown at f, in the drawings, is provided an opening through which
the wires pass from one casing to the other. At this part also, the outer casings
or passages are carried in towards the edges of the cover so as to accommodate the
shape of the outer coil e, at f.
In said casings or passages of the cover is placed a double coil of wire Figs. 3
and 4 in each side of the tyre, each double coil being formed of one continuous
length of material, whose length equals about twice the circumference of the rim
the ends of which are connected together by any suitable means. The diameter of
the inner coils d. d. being equal to the diameter of the bottom of the rim at the
sides, and the diameter of the outer coils e. e. that of the outer casings c 1. c 1 of
the cover when the tyre is inflated in its position on the rin.
Where the wires cross at f, they are in no way connected so as to prevent the
inner coil d. from expanding at the expense of the outer coil e.
To fix the tyre it is only necessary to place the airtube and cover in position on
the rim and inflate, the pressure of inflation causing the tyre to automatically
contract upon and attach itself to the rim.
To unfix, deflate the tyre, press the inner and outer coils d and e. together with
the fingers and draw off the side of the cover from the rim.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a pneumatic tyre, securing the tyre or cover to the wheel rim, by means of
wire or other expansible bands, so arranged in connection with the cover as to
automatically contract the tyre or cover into and upon the rim, by the pressure of
the compressed air in the tyre, substantially as herein described and shown with
reference to the drawings.
2. For securing pneumatic tyres to wheels, the combination of a double
continuous coil of wire, and a double casing or passage or their equivalents on the
edge or side of the tyre cover, through which the wire or other material of which
the coils are constructed passes, the wire passing from one passage of the cover to

page_text: the other passage substantially as herein described and shown with reference to the
drawings.
8. The improved construction of pneumatic tyres substantially as herein described
and shown with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 16th day of August 1894.
ALEXANDER NICHOLSON.