IMPROVEMENTS IN SYNCHRONOUS MOVEMENTS AND TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1885

page_text: I, PATRICK BERNARD DELANY, a citizen of the United States residing at New
York City, State of New York, U.S.A., Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN SYNCHRONOUS MOVEMENTS AND
TELEGRAPHY, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of apparatus for which Patent No. 4787 of
October 9, 1883, was granted to Sydney Pitt as a communication from me. Many
of the details of construction are fully set forth in said Patent, and a description
here is unnecessary, reference being made to said Patent for full explanation.
The first part of my Invention relates to the manner of sending correcting
impulses over the line and applying them to correct the speed of the apparatus.
In Fig. 1 I have shown two stations X and Y connected by a main line. At
each station there is a table of contacts over which a rotating circuit-completer A
traverses which circuit-completer is fast on the spindle of a toothed armature
disk B, driven by a motor magnet C. The circuit of these magnets is indicated by
the broken lines and is interrupted by the vibrations of the fork D, driven by a
magnet E, the circuit of which is indicated by the dotted lines. The contact
fingers against which the fork vibrates are carried upon adjustable arms E¹.
Resistances e d are placed in shunts around these contacts to prevent sparking.
These resistances are, however, not illustrated at station X.
The
In my present plan of maintaining synchronism, one of the forks, vibrators, or
circuit interrupters D-say the one at station Y-is started into operation and
permitted to run at its normal rate without any attempt at correction.
vibration of this fork is adjusted so that its normal rate is as nearly as possible
equal to that of the vibrator at station X. The vibrator at Y being thrown into
vibration will continue to make and break its own circuit, and the armature disk
will be rotated by the motor-magnet C, thus causing the circuit-completer to travel
over the table of contacts. The contacts used for maintaining the synchronous
movement are, for convenience of description, numbered 9 and 10, as in my
previous patent. The 9s are of normal width, but the alternate 103 at each station
are preferably built out or extended towards the adjoining 93. The arrangement is
the same at both stations, except that the extended 10s at the two stations are
arranged alternately with reference to each other.
In my prior patent, above mentioned, it has been explained that a weakening
of the vibrator circuit will cause an increase in the rate of vibration, while the

page_text: elimination of the resistance from the circuit, or an increase of the electro-magnetic
force will cause the vibrator to move more slowly.
The main correcting battery C B at station Y is connected with the three
extended 10s, and also with the three 93 furthest removed from the extended 10s.
At station X the 9s corresponding with those adjoining the extended 10s at Y are
connected through a relay F to ground, while the extended 10s at X, which
correspond with the unconnected 103 adjoining the battery-connected 9s at
station Y are connected through a relay G to earth. If the apparatus at each
station is running, and the circuit-completer at station Y should run faster than
that at station X, it will come upon an extended battery 10, while the rotator at X
is still upon the 9 connected to earth through the relay F, and an impulse of
electricity will therefore be sent over the line. It will energize the relay F, which
attracts its armature f, breaks the local circuit of a magnet F¹, and allows its
armature to leave its front post, thereby opening a shunt f¹ around the resistance
in the circuit of the vibrator. An increased resistance being thus thrown into the
vibrator circuit the speed of vibration will be accelerated. On the other hand,
should the rotator at Y run slower than that at X a battery impulse would be sent
through a battery-connected 9 at station Y, while the rotator at X has advanced
upon an extended 10 at that station, connected to earth through the relay G. The
impulse thus sent over the line will energize the relay G, attract its armature from
its back post, break the local circuit of the magnet Ġ¹ and allow its armature to
fly to its back stop, thus establishing a shunt around the resistance g and cutting
it out of the vibrator circuit, thus causing it to vibrate more slowly. All the
correcting impulses come from one end of the line and from one battery, and have,
therefore, the same power in the correcting relays.
The operator at ✗ having the correcting relays F G within hearing can tell with
the greatest accuracy how the instruments are running, and by adjusting his
apparatus so that the accelerating and retarding impulses are about equal, a most
perfect balance may be maintained.
The arrangement of battery and ground contacts, shown in Fig. 1, may be used
in connection with other means for utilizing the correcting impulses sent over the
line. It is also plain that the manner of accelerating or retarding, shown in Fig. 1,
may be employed in connection with a different arrangement of contacts for
sending the correcting and retarding impulses in case such an arrangement should
be devised.
In Fig. 2 I have shown another arrangement of my invention. Two connected
stations X and Y, tables of contacts B, circuit completers a, rotating armature
disks A, and motor-magnets A' are shown. The vibrator magnets are marked A*,
and the vibrators A³, which, in this instance, are forks. The arrangement of
correcting contacts and group of instruments V, shown in this figure, are the same
as those illustrated at Y in Fig. 3 of my patent above mentioned.
If, while the trailing-finger a, at station X, is on a 9-contact, connected with
the battery CB, the finger at Y should move fast enough to bring it upon the
extended 10, an impulse of electricity would pass from the correcting battery C B
through the 9-contact at station X, circuit-completer Y and 10-contact to the
group of correcting instruments V, and the resistance R would be shunted from
the vibrator circuit, thus causing a diminution in the rate of vibration, so that the
apparatus would drop back to its proper position.
The operation is precisely the same when an impulse is sent from the correcting
battery CB at station Y to the group of instruments V at X. The correction
is, therefore, reciprocal, and, although the corrections are shown as acting by
retardation, they could obviously be arranged to act by acceleration.
This is the same operation contemplated in my prior patent. Under the present
arrangement, however, when an impulso is sent, say, from X to retard the
apparatus at Y, the same impulse is at station X utilized to accelerate the
instrument at that station, so that a correction of acceleration at one station
and retardation at the other will act more vigorously and promptly to control the

page_text: 11struments.
Y to X.
The operation is the same when a correcting impulse is sent from
Suppose the apparatus at Y is running faster than that at X and that an
impulse is transmitted; as before described, the same impulse is made effective
at X to accelerate the apparatus there in the following manner:
The line from the battery CB passes through the coils of the relay S, and
thence to the 9-contact. As described, the armature of this relay controls a local
circuit in which the coil of a second relay T is placed. A shunt circuit S, con-
trolled by the armature of the relay T, normally shunts the resistance R' out of
the fork circuit f. When, however, a correcting impulse of electricity from the
battery CB energizes the relay S, its armature is drawn to its front stop, its local
is broken, and the relay T demagnetized, so that its armature falls from its front
stop, thus breaking the shunts and causing the vibrator circuit f to run from the
local battery L B through the resistance R'. The effect is to reduce the electro-
magnetic power of the vibrator magnet, and cause the speed of the vibrator to
increase. The conditions are precisely the same when a correcting impulse is sent
from Y to X. At Y, however, I have shown a somewhat modified arrangement, in
which I dispense with the resistance in the vibrator circuit.
Instead of cutting
a resistance in and out when a correcting impulse is sent out from the station,
I momentarily interrupt the fork circuit when the armature of the relay T leaves
its front stop, but I do not change the character of the vibrator battery. The
effect and principle of operation are precisely the same as at X. The momentary
interruption of the fork circuit at Y introduces a comparatively infinite resistance
into the circuit. The battery might be located at either station, but I prefer to
place it as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
Instead of simultaneously correcting at both stations, as described, it is obvious
that if the correcting instruments V were omitted and the 10-contact at each
station connected directly with the ground, the correcting impulse sent into the
line at either station will correct the speed of the apparatus at that station only,
and this will be sufficient to maintain a regular synchronous movement of the
instrument.
I prefer to use a resistance R₁ rather than to interrupt the circuit, and I prefer
to have the apparatus, whichever form may be used, the same at both stations.
In my prior patent, as well as in this case, I have shown extended contacts, so
that a circuit is completed for correcting the apparatus when a variation of
movement, much less than the ordinary distance between the contacts, occurs.
Obviously, instead of extending the correcting contacts 10, the contact may be
formed of two sections, that section lying nearest the adjoining 9-contact being
connected with the battery or ground, as the case may be, and the other section of
the 10 left idle, or connected to the ground with the other discharge contacts to
discharge the line. Such an arrangement is indicated in Fig. 21. Of course the
result and operation are the same as if a solid extended contact were used.
It will be observed that in all the ways which I have shown, both in my prior
patent and in this application, of rendering effective the correcting impulse, the
battery power of the vibrator circuit is never changed. I effect the correction by
momentarily acting on the circuit which as soon as the correcting impulse ceases
continues its normal action on the vibrator. This is a very important feature,
because the vibrator is normally always under the influence of the same circuit,
and the corrective change in its rate is effected by acting on the circuit. Other
systems have been suggested in which the corrective impulse operates to work a
polarized relay, the armature of which passes from one contact to another to throw
on a stronger or weaker battery, as the case may be, and during the interval of
time occupied by the movement of the armature the vibrator is free from the
influence of its magnet. This interruption of the vibrator circuit produces a very
accelerated speed of the vibrator, which, being supplemented by the action of
another battery to produce acceleration, will in all probability cause the apparatus
to continue to move too rapidly. And, if in such a system it be proposed to act

page_text: by retardation, the opening of the circuit may produce such an increased acceleration
as to throw the entire apparatus out of time before the retarding battery commences
to act on the vibrator.
Referring now to Figs. 3 and 3¹. In my prior patent I have shown what I call
static discharge contacts placed between the other contacts on the table and a
connected to the earth. The purpose of this arrangement is to discharge the line
after each completion of the circuit. I have found that where a resistance in the
ground line is used the line, as well as the branch lines, are effectively discharged,
and yet the resistance prevents injurious short-circuiting of the battery from the
branch lines connected with the contacts used for telegraphy, as fully set forth in
my prior patent, which short-circuiting is caused by the bridging of the trailing
circuit-completer. The use of the resistance also prevents sparking on the contacts.
I therefore employ a resistance Rh, preferably adjustable, (Fig. 3) in the ground
line. In this figure Z represents a branch line; and Fig. 31 shows how the circuit-
completer bridges. The resistance Rh might be placed between the battery of the
branch line and the earth to prevent sparking on the contacts.
In figures 1 and 2 I have shown operating forks arranged for actuation and
correction in a manner similar to that described in my patent before mentioned.
I show hereinafter several arrangements for correcting or regulating the actuating
and controlling vibrator, any one of which may be used in connection with my
apparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
I may, however, use the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
In Fig. 4 A is a section of a circular contact table, A¹ is the rotating circuit-
completer, and a the armature disk which is driven by the motor-magnet A².
When a correcting impulse passes over the line it goes through the circuit-
completer A', a correcting contact marked 10, and line a to ground, (Fig. 4). This
energizes the relay B, the effect of which is presently described. The circuit of
the battery M B, which includes the motor-magnet, is presently described.
The vibrator a fork C being illustrated in this instance-is securely mounted
in a post C. A rod D is arranged between the tines of the fork and substantially
parallel therewith. One end of the rod passes loosely through a .post d, located
between the tines of the fork and the other end is screw-threaded and passes
through a post by means of a thumb-nut d² on the screw-threaded end of the
rod. The rod may be adjusted end wise.
I preferably employ a coiled spring d³ wound around the rod D' and interposed
between the post d¹ and the magnet E. This spring tends constantly to press the
magnet and with it the rod inwardly between the tines of the fork, so that when
the nut d' is unscrewed the magnet will move inwardly. The magnet E, the core
of which is sufficiently short to permit its entrance between the tines of the fork,
is fixed on the rod D, as shown in the drawings. The core of the magnet is
preferably formed in three parts, (Fig. 8,) namely, a central portion e on which the
coil is wound, and pole pieces e e¹ which screw into the core and are capable of
adjustment with reference to the tines of the fork. The helix of the magnet is
surrounded by two insulated semi-circular metal strips or bands F, (Figs. 5 & 6),
which are secured together by flanges f separated by some suitable insulating
material F¹. The bolts F2, which secure the flanges, are insulated from their
sockets, as will be obvious.
I have spoken of the rod D as if it were a continuous rod passing through the
magnet. I prefer, however, the details of construction shown in Fig. 6, from
which it will be seen that the rod is composed of two sections D D¹, each of which
has secured upon it one of the semicircular metal straps F, so that the straps are
bolted around the helix of the magnet which will be firmly held, and may be
adjusted as described. I prefer this construction because no room is wasted in the
winding of the helices upon the core, and it also affords a convenient means for
connecting the circuit.
A pivoted insulated arm G carries a light metal contact finger g, which makes
contact with the platinum plate g¹ on the outside of one of the tines of the fork.

page_text: One pole of the main battery M B is connected with the metal post C¹ in which
the fork is mounted; from thence the circuit passes through the tine of the fork,
contacts g, g, arm G, and post d.
A rubbing contact finger D³ on the post a bears upon the rod d, so that the
circuit continues through the rod D, coil of magnet, rod D¹, to the post d¹, and
from thence by a wire r through the coils of the notor-magnet A' to the opposite
pole of the battery. A resistance R is placed in the shunt circuit S thrown around
the contacts g, g¹, to prevent sparking.
A branch circuit, indicated by t, extends from the post à to armature t¹, thence
by the front contact of such armature through an adjustable resistance Rh and
wire to the post d', where it joins the main circuit wire v. Normally the
armature of the relay B is against its back stop, and the local of the magnet t¹ is
closed. The armature of said magnet is therefore drawn to its front stop, so
that the branch or shunt circuit t, t, t, is normally closed. When the apparatus is
running, if a correcting impulse of electricity passes over the line, the armature of
the relay B will be drawn from its back contact, thus opening the shunt circuit t,
t1, t2. The main fork circuit will therefore take more current, the electro-magnetic
effect upon the tines of the fork will be increased, and the speed of the fork will
be diminished. The impulse of correction is of course but momentary, and when
the traveling rotator leaves the correcting contact 10, the parts are immediately
restored to their normal condition. The distinction between this arrangement
and that shown in my prior patent above mentioned will be obvious; for in this
instance it will be perceived that I vary the electro-magnetic power of the two
fork circuits by opening a branch or shunt which normally takes part of the
current. Obviously the same results could be attained by permitting the branch
t, t¹, t to be normally opened and closed upon the reception or transmission of the
correcting impulses. In that event part of the current would be shunted around
the fork, the electro-magnetic power of the magnet E weakened, and the fork
would consequently vibrate more rapidly. In either event the current in the coils
of the motor magnet will remain practically unchanged. By screwing the pole
pieces e¹ of the magnet E in or out, the normal rate of vibration of the vibrator
may be varied. The rate of vibration may also be further controlled by adjusting
the vibrator magnet in a direction parallel with the vibrator. Obviously by
causing the magnet E to move in or out between the tines of the fork the relation
to the tines will be varied and correspondingly affect their rate of vibration.
instance, with a magnetic pole just entered between the tines of the fork-or
considering the action with relation to one tine of the fork or a vibrating reed-
when the pole of the magnet is caused to pass the end so as to act on the side of
the vibrator, the rate is decreased; whereas when the pole of the magnet is moved
outward when it commences to recede from the end of the vibrator, the rate is
accelerated. By this means of adjustment a very delicate effect may be produced
upon the vibrator. By imagining the idle tine of the fork, or the one which does
not carry the contact gl, to be removed, all the conditions attending the use of a
vibrating reed will exist. Instead of leaving the idle tine of the fork to vibrate,
one pole of the magnet E may be placed in sliding contact with it, as clearly
illustrated in Fig. 7.
For
Another arrangement for adjusting the normal rate of vibration is shown in
Fig. 8, in which E represents the ordinary vibrator electro-magnet. The circuit
and contacts are omitted. The adjustment is effected by means of a permanent
magnet P M fixed with its poles in suitable relation to the reed or tine of the fork.
The magnet is caused to act with varying power upon the vibrator by adjusting
the soft iron keeper or cross-piece toward or from the poles of the magnet.
When the keeper is moved towards the poles the influence of the permanent
magnet on the vibrator is lessened and the vibrator moves more rapidly.
Another arrangement is shown in Figs. 9 and 10, in which E is the vibrator
magnet, for adjusting the normal vibration of the controlling vibrators shown in
Figs. 1 and 2. Referring specially to Fig. 9, I take some sticky compound, such

page_text: as Chatterton's compound, soft sealing-wax, or any adhesive material, which may
be caused to adhere to the tine of the fork and preferably which will soften from
moderate heating. A lump of such matter being placed on the tine of the fork
may be taken from or added to with great ease and exactness and without any
loosening or variation of the relation between the fork and the wax.
The wax
may be drawn off in the finest hairlike thread until the exact condition required is
obtained. Or, I may employ lead, solder, or other soft metal, as illustrated in
Fig. 10. The metal may be scraped or filed away until the exact rate of vibration
desired is obtained.
In Fig. 11 I have shown the base-board of the vibrator suspended by elastic or
flexible cords bb from suitable supports B. Thus all extraneous vibrations or
disturbances, shocks or jars, of any character to the table or floor will be prevented
from injuriously affecting the normal rate of the vibrator. I have found that
when the vibrator is thus flexibly or elastically suspended the amplitude of
vibration is very much increased, while the rate of vibration is more uniforin.
The supports may be flexible merely, as cords, or elastic-preferably the latter.
This part of my invention is not limited to the specific device shown, as soft
rubber, spiral springs, or other suitable material might be interposed between the
bottom of the base-board and its support.
In Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, I have illustrated the employment of a
vibrating reed as the vibrating governor for controlling and correcting the
synchronously moving apparatus. In Fig. 12 A is a portion of the circular
contact-table, A¹ the rotary circuit-completer, A2 the armature disk, and A* the
motor magnet. In this figure I have illustrated the 9 and 10 contacts, which for
convenience of description are so designated. The correcting 10-contact is con-
nected through the coil of a relay B to earth, the operation of which is presently
described. The reed C is mounted in a suitable support D, the details of which aro
presently described. The vibrator magnet E is arranged in suitable relation to the
side of the reed and the coils are connected in the circuit of a vibrator battery V B.
One pole of this battery is connected by a wire e with the support D of the reed.
The circuit extends through this support and the reed to a platinum contact v with
which a light contact finger v on a pivoted adjustable arm V makes contact as the
reed vibrates. This arm is connected by a wire e' through the coils of the vibrator
magnet E to the opposite pole of said battery. The coils of the motor magnet A³
are included in the circuit of the battery MB. One pole of said battery is
connected by a wire m with an insulated contact c on the vibrator against which
a spring finger & makes contact. The finger d is carried on an adjustable arm
from which the current passes by wire m¹ through the coils of the motor magnet A³
to the opposite pole of the battery.
Rhand Rh are ordinary resistances to prevent sparking at the contacts v v¹ and c d.
It will be observed that the circuit for operating the motor magnet is entirely
separate and distinct from the circuit which actuates the vibrator magnet. The
vibrator circuit is therefore always uniform and is not in any way interfered with
by the inductive effect of the motor circuit on the vibrator circuit. By this
arrangement a more uniform motion of the vibrator is obtained, it is more sensitive
to correcting impulses, and the operation is far superior to any system in which
the fork or vibrator forms a common conductor for the vibrator and motor circuits.
In practice the wire m which connects with the insulated contact c would be
carried along the upper edge of the vibrator instead of as shown in the drawings.
A correcting inagnet F is preferably arranged so that its poles embrace or
extend on the opposite sides of the reed, and its coils are connected in circuit with
a local battery LB which is opened and closed at the back stop f of a vibrating
armature f¹ of a magnet G. The circuit of the magnet G is opened and closed at
the back stop b of the armature of the relay B. In the normal position, that is
when a correcting impulse is not being received, the armature of the magnet
remains against its back post, thus closing the local of the magnet G and opening
the circuit of the correcting magnet F. Should the reed vibrate too rapidly a

page_text: correcting impulse of electricity would be received. This impulse would energize
the magnet B which would attract its armature and thus cause the armature f¹ to
fall against its back contact f, thus closing the local circuit of the correcting
magnet F. The poles of the magnet F being arranged on opposite sides of the
reed create a magnetic field in which the reed vibrates, and thus causes the reed to
vibrate more slowly. By thus enveloping the vibrating reed in a magnetic field
to retard its vibration, the correcting impulses of electricity are very efficiently
utilized, and a distinction exists between such a manner of correction and that
resulting from the use of a magnet having its pole or poles arranged to act on one
side only of a vibrating tongue, bar, or reed.
Heretofore, so far as I am aware, where the vibrator has been retarded by
increasing the power of the vibrator maguet, or by the use of. a supplementary
magnet applied at the side of the vibrator, a greater amplitude but a slower rate
have been given the vibrator. In my arrangement above described, however, by
the use of the independent correcting magnet, the poles of which envelope the
vibrator, the rate and amplitude are both decreased-an operation which causes a
smoother and more uniform action of the vibrator. In the present arrangement
the circuit of the vibrator magnet is unchanged and the speed of the vibrator
is corrected by the creation or annihilation or modification of an independent
correcting magnetic field. With such an organization the corrections are efficiently
utilized; for, it will be obvious that when the vibrator magnet is uniform the
tendency of the vibrator to move at a uniformly normal rate is constant and the
corrections for effecting the acceleration or retardation in the rate are caused to act
directly on the vibrator and not on the vibrator circuit. A fundamental distinction
therefore exists between such an apparatus and apparatus in which the correction is
effected by varying the strength of the vibrator magnet. By the use of a vibrating
reed, such as illustrated in the drawings, I can most efficiently control its speed by
enveloping it by the poles of a correcting magnet, as shown at Fig. 12; and a
distinction exists between such an arrangement and that shown in my prior patent
above mentioned, in which a correcting magnet embraces the fork so that one pole
acts on the outside of one tine and the other pole on the outside of the other tine.
Under the arrangement shown in Fig. 12 the existence of a magnetic field at F
retards the vibrator, while its annibilation permits the vibrator to move more
rapidly. In like manner an increase in power in such a magnetic field causes a
retardation, and a decrease an acceleration. Of course the increase or decrease of
the strength of the independent correcting field may be accomplished by varying
the resistance of the circuit, or by varying the relation of the magnetic field to
the vibrator. Obviously, if with the identical apparatus shown in Fig. 12 con-
nections were made so that the circuit of the magnet F was normally closed, then
the vibration of the reed would be normally retarded, and the effect of the correcting
impulse would be to accelerate the vibrator. The apparatus may therefore be
arranged for correction either by retardation or acceleration.
The circuits and magnets may of course be so arranged as to make the correcting
impulse, whatever may be its character, effective when the relay armature leaves
its front contact. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 16. There ordinarily the
current of the local battery LB is shunted from the coils of the magnet F when
the arinature f¹ of the maguet G is against its front contact. When the armature
is, however, released and leaves its contact, the local battery LB becomes effective
in the coils of the magnet F.
In Fig. 17 is shown the manner of effecting the correction of the vibrator by
varying the power of the independent correcting magnet by means of changing
the resistance of its circuit. In this arrangement the current from the local
battery normally flows through the coils of the magnet F. When a correcting
impulse is sent over the line the resistance K will be thrown into the circuit by
the movement of the armature f¹ away from its front contact. The reed will
therefore be accelerated. A similar arrangement for climinating a resistance from
the local circuit is obvious,

page_text: In Fig. 18 I have shown an arrangement for changing the relation of the
independent controlling magnetic field to the vibrator. A perinanent magnet L is
carried on the end of an armature lever pivoted between its ends and acted on
by an electro-magnet N included in a local circuit which is made and broken by
the relay B. Normally the armature of the relay B rests on its back stop, thus
closing the local circuit and holding the correcting magnet L in proximity to the
vibrator. When a correcting impulse is sent over the line the local of the
magnet N is momentarily broken and the magnet L is drawn away from
the vibrator by the coiled spring. This causes a retardation of the rate of
vibration. Of course the apparatus may be arranged to cause the magnet to
approach the vibrator and effect its acceleration when correction is required.
By the use of a local circuit I am enabled to maintain the magnetic field
independent of the vibrator magnet and effect the requisite corrections by varying
the power of such field; or, in an arrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 18, the
magnet may be more effectively controlled in its relation to the vibrator. In order
to vary the normal rate of vibration of the reed it may be mounted in its support
or post D so as to be adjustable end wise.
It will be noted upon reference to Figs. 13, 14 and 15 that I clamp or hold the
reed at one end at more than two points and leave it to vibrate freely at the other
end. For instance, in Fig. 12 three clamping screws are arranged on one side of
the reed in triangular relation to each other, as shown by the dotted circles in
Fig. 15, and one screw i on the other. Instead of having the screws flattened on
the end, as shown in Fig. 12, I prefer to make them pointed and have them enter
longitudinal grooves in the sides of the vibrator, as in Fig. 13; or, as shown in
Fig. 14, I may employ two knife edges ¹ in connection with an opposing screw ¿¹.
However, whatever the arrangement may be, the vibrator is clamped at two or
more points. I have discovered that under such circumstances a slight loosening
or tightening of one or more holding screws or clamps will affect the normal rate
of vibration so that the vibration of the reed may be most delicately adjusted by
the manipulation of one or more of the clamping screws.
I may effect the mechanical correction of the vibrator, in contradistinction to a
magnetic correction, in many ways, some of which are illustrated in Figs. 19 to 26
inclusive.
In Fig. 19 the main battery M B is shown as connected through the coils of the
motor magnet A³, thence to the heel of the vibrator B, through the vibrator and
contacts bc, adjustable arm C, and coil of the vibrator magnet A', to the opposite
pole of the battery, thus connecting the motor and vibrator magnets in series.
When a correcting impulse passes over the line it will come from the 10-contact,
through the coils of the relay D to earth, Fig. 19. The armature d of this relay
carries a light spring finger e, the bent end e¹ of which is normally in proximity
to the vibrating tine of the fork but not in contact therewith. When the correcting
impulse actuates the relay armature & the light end of the finger e is momentarily
drawn against the tine of the fork. The effect of this is doubtless to produce a
momentary decrease in the amplitude of vibration, but a momentary acceleration
in rate takes place.
Instead of this arrangement I may employ that shown in Fig. 20, in which the
speed of a vibrating reed F may be corrected by a spring finger on the relay
armature. In this case the bent end of the finger is pushed against the side of the
vibrator instead of drawn against it, as in Fig. 19.
Or I may permit the finger e to rest normally lightly against the upper or lower
edge of the vibrator as shown in Figs. 22 and 23. The effect of such an arrange-
ment is to give the vibrator a normally accelerated speed. When the finger ce is
drawn out of contact with the vibrator on the reception of the correcting impulse,
it will vibrate with increased amplitude but with slower rate. In Fig. 22 X is an
ordinary vibrator magnet. Or an arrangement such as that shown in Fig. 24 may
be employed. There the finger is carried by an armature d¹ in such a position
that it is normally just out of contact with the top of the vibrator. The armature

page_text: is held in this position against the force of its spring by a,magnet D1, the circuit
of which is normally closed through the armature d of the relay D. When a
correcting impulse is received the finger e touches the top of the vibrator and
causes an acceleration of its rate; or the light contact finger carried by the
vibrator may be thrown into or out of contact with some correcting medium. For
instance, in Fig. 21 I have shown a light finger g carried by the vibrator. This
finger projects into an open cup containing oil, mercury, or any fluid or suitable
material. This cup is carried by a pivoted lever G, a spring connected with which
tends to draw the cup toward the contact on the vibrator. A post on the
armature of a magnet H, the local circuit of which is normally closed at the back
contact of the main correcting relay D, normally draws up the end of the lever
not carrying the cup so that the finger on the vibrator will not come in contact
with the material therein. When a correcting impulse is received, the relay
armature d is drawn towards its front contact, the circuit of the magnet His
opened, and the cup is drawn up so that its contents are brought in contact with
the finger on the vibrator. This produces a mechanical correction of the vibrator,
causing an acceleration of rate as in the other cases.
Of course, by the application of the same principle the normal rate of vibration
of a reed or fork may be controlled. For instance, in Fig. 25 a light spring finger
capable of adjustment toward or from the vibrator by means of a set screw el may
be used to control or regulate the normal rate; or, as in Fig. 26, I may use two
fingers arranged in V-shape so as to straddle the vibrator, and having an adjusting
screw by which they can be adjusted relatively to the vibrator. Of course local
circuits may be used to effect corrections wherever desired.
AL
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Synchronous Movements and Telegraphy.
I PATRICK BERNARD DELANY, of New York City, in the State of New York
U.S.A. Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to that class of apparatus for which Patent N° 4787 of
October 1883 was granted to Sydney Pitt as a communication from abroad by me.
Many of the details of construction are fully set forth in said patent, and a
description here is unnecessary, reference being made to said patent for full
explanation.
The first part of my invention relates to the manner of sending correcting
impulses over the line and applying them to correct the speed of the apparatus.
Figure 1 of the drawings annexed shows a plan for correction whereby all the
correcting is effected at one end of the line only by varying the strength of the
actuating magnets without interruption of the circuit-the accelerating or retarding
impulses being sent out from the other end as may be required.
This is important, as it leaves one vibrator always vibrating normally and enables
the man in charge at the adjusting end to know whether the machines have a
tendency to go fast or slow by the number of impulses sounded on the correcting
instruments thereby plainly indicating to him which way to change the normal
rate of vibration of the vibrator that is being corrected.
In Fig. 1 X and Y are two stations connected by a main line. At each station
there is a table of contacts over which a rotating circuit-completer A traverses
which circuit-completer is fast on the spindle of a toothed armature disc B, driven
by a motor magnet C. The circuit of these magnets is indicated by the broken
lines and is interrupted by the vibrations of the fork D, driven by a magnet E, the
circuit of which is indicated by the dotted lines. The contact fingers against which
the fork vibrates are carried upon adjustable arms E Resistances e, d are placed
in shunts around these contacts to prevent sparking. These resistances are,
however, not illustrated at station X.
The
In my present plan of maintaining synchronism, one of the forks, vibrators, or
circuit interrupters D-say the one at station Y-is started into operation and
permitted to run at its normal rate without any attempt at correction.
vibration of this fork is adjusted so that its normal rate is as nearly as possible
equal to that of the vibrator at station X. The vibrator at Y being thrown into
vibration will continue to make and break its own circuit, and the armature disk
will be rotated by the motor-magnet C, thus causing the circuit-completer to travel
over the table of contacts. The contacts used for maintaining the synchronous
movement are, for convenience of description, numbered and 10, as in my
previous patent. The Os are of normal width, but the alternate 10s at each station
are preferably built out or extended towards the adjoining 9s. The arrangement
is the same at both stations, except that the extended 103 at the two stations are
arranged alternately with reference to each other.

page_text: In my prior patent, above mentioned, it has been explained that a weakening
of the vibrator circuit will cause an increase in the rate of vibration, while the
elimination of the resistance from the circuit, or an increase of the electro-magnetic
force will cause the vibrator to move more slowly.
The main correcting battery C B at station Y is connected with the three
extended 10s, and also with the three 9s furthest removed from the extended 10s.
At station X the 9s corresponding with those adjoining the extended 10s at Y are
connected through a relay F to ground, while the extended 10s at X, which
correspond with the unconnected 10s adjoining the battery-connected 9s at station Y
are connected through a relay G to earth. If the apparatus at each station is
running, and the circuit-completer at station Y should run faster than that at
station X, it will come upon an extended battery 10, while the rotator at X is still
upon the 9 connected to earth through the relay F, and an impulse of electricity
will therefore be sent over the line. It will energize the relay F, which attracts
its armaturef, breaks the local circuit of a magnet F¹, and allows its armature to
leave its front post, thereby opening a shunt f around the resistance x in the circuit
of the vibrator. An increased resistance being thus thrown into the vibrator circuit
the speed of vibration will be accelerated. On the other hand, should the rotator
at Y run slower than that at X a battery impulse would be sent through a battery-
connected 9 at station Y, while the rotator at X has advanced upon an extended 10
at that station, connected to earth through the relay G. The impulse thus sent
over the line will energize the relay G, attract its armature from its back post,
break the local circuit of the magnet G¹, and allow its armature to fly to its back
stop, thus establishing a shunt around the resistance g and cutting it out of the
vibrator circuit, thus causing it to vibrate more slowly. All the correcting impulses
come from one end of the line and from one battery, and have, therefore, the same
power in the correcting relays.
The operator at X having the correcting relays F G within hearing can tell with
the greatest accuracy how the instruments are running, and by adjusting his
apparatus so that the accelerating and retarding impulses are about equal, a inost
perfect balance may be maintained.
The arrangement of battery and ground contacts, shown in Fig. 1, may be used
in connection with other means for utilizing the correcting impulses sent over the
line. It is also plain that the manner of accelerating or retarding, shown in Fig. 1,
may be employed in connection with a different arrangement of contacts for
sending the correcting and retarding impulses in case such an arrangement should
be devised.
In Fig.
I have shown another arrangement of my invention.
In this arrangement there is a double correction at both ends. An impulse
sent out from one end to retard the instrument at the other end also accelerates
the instrument at the end from which it is sent-thus reducing the amount of
retardation that would otherwise be necessary at the distant end. Correction in
this instance is done in two ways-retarding by shunting a resistance out of the
vibrator circuit and thereby making the vibrator magnet stronger and accelerating
by putting resistance into the vibrator circuit and causing a weakening of the
vibrator magnet, or by breaking absolutely the vibrator circuit.
Two connected stations X and Y, tables of contacts B, circuit completers a,
rotating armature discs A, and motor-magnets A' are shown. The vibrator
magnets are marked A2, and the vibrators A³, which, in this instance, are forks.
The arrangement of correcting contacts and group of instruments V, shown in this
figure, are the same as those illustrated at Y in Fig. 3 of my patent above
mentioned.
If, while the trailing finger a, at station X, is on a 9-contact, connected with the
battery CB, the finger at Y should move fast enough to bring it upon the
extended 10, an impulse of electricity would pass from the correcting battery CB
through the 9-contact at station X, circuit-completer Y and 10-contacts to the
group of correcting instruments V, and the resistance R would be shunted from

page_text: the vibrator circuit, thus causing a diminution in the rate of vibration, so that the
apparatus would drop back to its proper position.
The operation is precisely the same when an impulse is sent from the correcting
battery CB at station Y to the group of instruments V at X. The correction is,
therefore, reciprocal, and, although the corrections are shown as acting by retarda-
tion, they could obviously be arranged to act by acceleration.
This is the same operation contemplated in my prior patent. Under the present
arrangement, however, when an impulse is sent, say, from X to retard the apparatus
at Y, the same impulse is at station X utilized to accelerate the instrument at that
station, so that a correction of acceleration at one station and retardation at the
other will act more vigorously and promptly to control the instruments.
The
operation is the same when a correcting impulse is sent from Y to X.
Suppose the apparatus at Y is running faster than that at X and that an impulse
is transmitted; as before described, the same impulse is made effective at X to
accelerate the apparatus there in the following manner :-
The line from the battery CB passes through the coils of the relay S, and thence
to the 9-contact. As described, the armature of this relay controls a local circuit
in which the coil of a second relay T is placed. A shunt circuit S, controlled by
the armature of the relay T, normally shunts the resistance R¹ out of the fork
circuit f. When, however, a correcting impulse of electricity from the battery CB
energizes the relay S, its armature is drawn to its front stop, its local is broken,
and the relay T demagnetized, so that its armature falls from its front stop, thus
breaking the shunt 8 and causing the vibrator circuit f to run from the local
battery L B through the resistance R¹. The effect is to reduce the electro-magnetic
power of the vibrator magnet, and cause the speed of the vibrator to increase. The
conditions are precisely the same when a correcting impulse is sent from Y to X.
At Y, however, I have shown a somewhat modified arrangement, in which I dispense
with the resistance in the vibrator circuit. Instead of cutting a resistance in and
out when a correcting impulse is sent out from the station, I momentarily interrupt
the fork circuit when the armature of the relay T leaves its front stop, but I do
not change the character of the vibrator battery. The effect and principle of
operation are precisely the same as at X. The momentary interruption of the
fork circuit at Y introduces a comparatively infinite resistance into the circuit.
The battery might be located at either station, but I prefer to place it as shown in
Figs. 1 and 2.
Instead of simultaneously correcting at both stations, as described, it is obvious
that if the correcting instruments V were omitted and the 10-contact at each
station connected directly with the ground, the correcting impulse sent into the
line at either station will correct the speed of the apparatus at that station only,
and this will be sufficient to maintain a regular synchronous movement of the
instrument.
I prefer to use a resistance R¹ rather than to interrupt the circuit, and I prefer to
have the apparatus, whichever form may be used, the same at both stations.
In my prior patent, as well as in this case, I have shown extended contacts, so
that a circuit is completed for correcting the apparatus when a variation of movement,
much less than the ordinary distance between the contacts, occurs.
Obviously, instead of extending the correcting contacts 10, the contact may be
formed of two sections, that section lying nearest the adjoining 9-contact being
connected with the battery or ground, as the case may be, and the other section of
the 10 left idle, or connected to the ground with the other discharge contacts to
discharge the line. Such an arrangement is indicated in Fig. 21. Of course the
result and operation are the same as if a solid extended contact were used.
It will be observed that in all the ways which I have shown, both in my prior
patent and in this application, of rendering effective the correcting impulse, the
battery power of the vibrator circuit is never changed. I effect the correction by
momentarily acting on the circuit which as soon as the correcting impulse ceases
continues its normal action on the vibrator. This is an important feature, because

page_text: the vibrator is normally always under the influence of the same circuit, and the
corrective change in its rate is effected by acting on the circuit. Other systems
have been suggested in which the corrective impulse operates to work a polarized
relay, the armature of which passes from one contact to another to throw on a stronger
or weaker battery, as the case may be, and during the interval of time occupied by
the movement of the armature the vibrator is free from the influence of its magnet.
This interruption of the vibrator circuit produces a very accelerated speed of the
vibrator, which, being supplemented by the action of another battery to produce
acceleration, will in all probability cause the apparatus to continue to move too
rapidly. And, if in such a system it be proposed to act by retardation, the opening
of the circuit may produce such an increased acceleration as to throw the entire
apparatus out of time before the retarding battery commences to act on the
vibrator.
Referring now to Figs. 3 and 3. In my prior patent I have shown what I call
static discharge contacts placed between the other contacts on the table and con-
nected to the earth. The purpose of this arrangement is to discharge the line
after each completion of the circuit. I have found that where a resistance in the
ground line is used the line, as well as the branch lines, are effectively discharged,
and yet the resistance prevents injurious short-circuiting of the battery from the
branch lines connected with the contacts used for telegraphy, as fully set forth in
my prior patent, which short-circuiting is caused by the bridging of the trailing
circuit-completer. The use of the resistance also prevents sparking on the contacts.
I therefore employ a resistance Rh, (Fig. 3) in the ground line. The resistance
I make adjustable in order to be able to regulate the discharging capacity of
the earth contacts according to the length or capacity of the line and its state
of insulation which when suspended wires are used is constantly varying-Z in
Fig. 3 represents a branch line; and Fig. 31 shows how the circuit-completer
bridges. The resistance Rh might be placed between the battery of the branch
line and the earth to prevent sparking on the contacts.
In Figures 1 and 2 I have shown operating forks arranged for actuation and
correction in a manner similar to that described in my patent before mentioned.
I show hereinafter several arrangements for correcting or regulating the actuating
and controlling vibrator, any one of which may be used in connection with my
apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2. I may, however, use the apparatus illustrated
in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
In Fig. 4 A is a section of a circular contact table, A¹ is the rotating circuit-
completer, and a¹ the armature disc which is driven by the motor-magnet A².
When a correcting impulse passes over the line it goes through the circuit-
completer A¹, a correcting contact marked 10, and line a to ground, (Figure 4).
This energizes the relay B, the effect of which is presently described. The circuit
of the battery M B, which includes the motor-magnet, is presently described.
The vibrator a fork O being illustrated in this instance-is securely mounted
in a post C. A rod D is arranged between the tines of the fork and substantially
parallel therewith. One end of the rod passes loosely through a post d, located
between the tines of the fork and the other end is screw-threaded and passes
through a post d' by means of a thumb-nut d' on the screw-threaded end of the
rod. The rod may be adjusted endwise.
I preferably employ a coiled spring d wound around the rod D₁ and interposed
between the post d and the magnet E. This spring tends constantly to press the
magnet and with it the rod inwardly between the tines of the fork, so that when
the nut is unscrewed the magnet will move inwardly. The magnet E, the core
of which is sufficiently short to permit its entrance between the tines of the fork,
is fixed on the rod D, as shown in the drawings. The core of the magnet is pre-
ferably formed in three parts, (Fig. 8,) namely, a central portion e on which the
coil is wound, and pole pieces e el which screw into the core and are capable of
adjustment with reference to the tines of the fork. The helix of the magnet is
surrounded by two insulated semi-circular metal strips or bands T, (Figs. 5 & 6),

page_text: which are secured together by flanges f separated by some suitable insulating
material F. The bolts F2, which secure the flanges, are insulated from their
sockets, as will be obvious.
I have spoken of the rod D as if it were a continuous rod passing through the
magnet. I prefer, however, the details of construction shown in Fig. 6, from which
it will be seen that the rod is composed of two sections D D', each of which has
secured upon it one of the semicircular metal straps F', so that the straps are bolted
around the belix of the magnet which will be firmly held, and may be adjusted as
described. I prefer this construction because no room is wasted in the winding of
the helices upon the core, and it also affords a convenient means for connecting the
circuit.
A pivoted insulated arm G carries a light metal contact finger g, which makes
contact with the platinum plate g³ on the outside of one of the tines of the fork.
One pole of the main battery M B is connected with the metal post C1 in which
the fork is mounted; from thence the circuit passes through the tine of the fork,
contacts g, gl, arm G, and post d.
A rubbing contact finger D³ on the post & bears upon the rod D, so that the
circuit continues through the rod D, coil of magnet, rod D¹, to the post d', and from
thence by a wire through the coils of the motor-magnet A³ to the opposite pole
of the battery. A resistance R is placed in the shunt circuit S thrown around the
contacts g, g, to prevent sparking.
A branch circuit, indicated by t, extends from the post d to armature t¹, thence
by the front contact of such armature through an adjustable resistance Rh and
wire to the post d¹, where it joins the main circuit wire 7. Normally the
armature of the relay B is against its back stop, and the local of the magnet t¹ is
closed. The armature t¹ of said magnet is therefore drawn to its front stop, so that
the branch or shunt circuit t, t, t, is normally closed. When the apparatus is
running, if a correcting impulse of electricity passes over the line, the armature of
the relay B will be drawn from its back contact, thus opening the shunt circuit t, t¹, tª.
The main fork circuit will therefore take more current, the electro-magnetic effect
upon the tines of the fork will be increased, and the speed of the fork will be
diminished. The impulse of correction is of course but momentary, and when the
traveling rotator leaves the correcting contact 10, the parts are immediately
restored to their normal condition. The distinction between this arrangement and
that shown in my prior patent above mentioned will be obvious: for in this
instance it will be perceived that I vary the electro-magnetic power of the two
fork circuits by opening a branch or shunt which normally takes part of the
current. Obviously the same results could be attained by permitting the branch
t, t1, t2, to be normally opened and closed upon the reception or transmission of the
correcting impulses. In that event part of the current would be shunted around
the fork, the electro-magnetic power of the magnet E weakened, and the fork would
consequently vibrate more rapidly. In either event the current in the coils of the
motor magnet will remain practically unchanged. By screwing the pole pieces el
of the magnet E in or out, the normal rate of vibration of the vibrator may be
varied. The rate of vibration may also be further controlled by adjusting the
vibrator magnet in a direction parallel with the vibrator. Obviously by causing
the magnet E to move in or out between the tines of the fork the relation to the
tines will be varied and correspondingly affect their rate of vibration. For instance,
with a magnetic pole just entered between the tines of the fork-or considering
the action with relation to one tine of the fork or a vibrating reed-when the pole
of the magnet is caused to pass the end so as to act on the side of the vibrator, the
rate is decreased; whereas when the pole of the magnet is moved outward when it
commences to recede from the end of the vibrator, the rate is accelerated. By this
means of adjustment a very delicate effect may be produced upon the vibrator. By
imagining the idle tine of the fork, or the one which does not carry the contact g¹, 5
to be removed, all the conditions attending the use of a vibrating reed will exist.

page_text: Instead of leaving the idle tine of the fork to vibrate, one pole of the magnet E
may be placed in sliding contact with it, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 7.
Another arrangement for adjusting the normal rate of vibration is shown in
Fig. 8, in which E represents the ordinary vibrator electro-magnet. The circuit
and contacts are omitted. The adjustment is effected by means of a permanent
magnet P M fixed with its poles in suitable relation to the reed or tine of the fork.
The magnet is caused to act with varying power upon the vibrator by adjusting
the soft iron keeper or cross-piece toward or from the poles of the magnet.
When the keeper is moved towards the poles the influence of the permanent
magnet on the vibrator is lessened and the vibrator moves more rapidly. Or an
electro-magnet in a permanently closed local circuit, with an adjustable resistance
for varying the power of the magnet might be employed. I prefer, however, to
employ a permanent magnet, as above described, as it is less trouble, and may be
adjusted with the greatest nicety.
Another arrangement is shown in Figs. 9 and 10, in which E is the vibrator
magnet, for adjusting the normal vibration of the controlling vibrators shown in
Figs. 1 and 2 but I make no claim to adjusting the vibrations of a tuning fork in
this manner. Referring specially to Fig. 9, I take some sticky compound, such as
Chatterton's compound, soft sealing-wax, or any adhesive material, which may be
caused to adhere to the tine of the fork and preferably which will soften from
moderate heating. A lump of such matter being placed on the tine of the fork
may be taken from or added to with great ease and exactness and without any
loosening or variation of the relation between the fork and the wax.
The wax
may be drawn off in the finest hairlike thread until the exact condition required is
obtained. Or, I may employ lead, solder, or other soft metal, as illustrated in Fig. 10.
The metal may be scraped or filed away until the exact rate of vibration desired is
obtained.
In order as far as possible to keep the vibrator unaffected by any extraneous
shocks or jars I suspend the base board upon which the vibrator is mounted by
clastic or flexible cords b b from suitable supports B as shown at Fig. 11. In this
way all extraneous vibrations or disturbances, shocks or jars, of any character to
the table or floor will be prevented from injuriously affecting the normal rate of the
vibrator. I have found that when the vibrator is thus flexibly or elastically
suspended the rate of vibration is more uniform. The supports may be flexible
merely, as cords, or elastic-preferably the latter.
This part of my invention is not limited to the specific device shown, as soft
rubber, spiral springs, or other suitable material might be interposed between the
bottom of the base-board and its support.
In Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, I have illustrated the employment of a
vibrating reed as the vibrating governor for controlling and correcting the
synchronously moving apparatus and have shown how I employ an electro-magnet
entirely independent of the vibrator magnet by which the vibrator is maintained
in vibration for maintaining the reeds at two distant stations vibrating in unison.
In Fig. 12 A is a portion of the circular contact-table, A¹ the rotary circuit-
completer, A the armature disc, and A³ the motor magnet. In this figure I have
illustrated the 9 and 10 contacts, which for convenience of description are so
designated. The correcting 10-contact is connected through the coil of a relay B
to earth, the operation of which is presently described. The reed C is mounted in
a suitable support D, the details of which are presently described. The vibrator
magnet E is arranged in suitable relation to the side of the reed and the coils are
connected in the circuit of a vibrator battery V B. One pole of this battery is
connected by a wire e with the support D of the reed. The circuit extends through
this support and the reed to a platinum contact with which a light contact
finger on a pivoted adjustable arm V makes contact as the reed vibrates. This
arm is connected by a wire e¹ through the coils of the vibrator magnet E to the
opposite pole of said battery. The coils of the motor magnet A³ are included in
the circuit of the battery M B. One pole of said battery is connected by a wire m

page_text: with an insulated contact c on the vibrator against which a spring finger & makes
contact. The finger d is carried on an adjustable arm from which the current
passes by wire m through the coils of the motor magnet A³ to the opposite pole of
the battery.
Rand Rh are ordinary resistances to prevent sparking at the contacts v vl
and cd. It will be observed that the circuit for operating the motor magnet is
entirely separate and distinct from the circuit which actuates the vibrator magnet.
The vibrator circuit is therefore always uniformn and is not in any way interfered
with by the inductive effect of the motor circuit on the vibrator circuit. By this
arrangement a more uniform motion of the vibrator is obtained, it is more sensitive
to correcting impulses, and the operation is far superior to any system in which
the fork or vibrator forms a common conductor for the vibrator and motor
circuits.
In practice the wire m which connects with the insulated contacts c would be
carried along the upper edge of the vibrator instead of as shown in the drawings.
A correcting magnet Fis preferably arranged so that its poles embrace or extend
on the opposite sides of the reed, and its coils are connected in circuit with a local
battery LB which is opened and closed at the back stop f of a vibrating
armature f of a magnet G. The circuit of the magnet G is opened and closed at
the back stop b of the armature of the relay B. In the normal position, that is,
when a correcting impulse is not being received, the armature of the magnet
remains against its back post, thus closing the local of the magnet G and opening
the circuit of the correcting magnet F. Should the reed vibrate too rapidly a
correcting impulse of electricity would be received. This impulse would energize
the magnet B which would attract its armature and thus cause the armature f¹ to
fall against its back contact f, thus closing the local circuit of the correcting
magnet F. The poles of the magnet F being arranged on opposite sides of the reed
create a magnetic field in which the reed vibrates, and thus causes the reed to
vibrate more slowly. By thus enveloping the vibrating reed in a magnetic field
to retard its vibration, the correcting impulses of electricity are very efficiently
utilized, and a distinction exists between such a manner of correction and that
resulting from the use of a magnet having its pole or poles arranged to act on one
side only of a vibrating tongue, bar, or reed.
Heretofore, so far as I am aware, where the vibrator has been retarded by
increasing the power of the vibrator magnet, or by the use of a supplementary
inagnet applied at the side of the vibrator, a greater amplitude but a slower rate
have been given the vibrator. In my arrangement above described, however, by
the use of the independent correcting magnet, the poles of which envelope the
vibrator, the rate and amplitude are both decreased an operation which causes a
smoother and more uniform action of the vibrator. In the present arrangement
the circuit of the vibrator magnet is unchanged and the speed of the vibrator
is corrected by the creation or annihilation or modification of an independent
correcting magnetic field. With such an organization the corrections are efficiently
utilized; for, it will be obvious that when the vibrator magnet is uniform the
tendency of the vibrator to move at a uniformly normal rate is constant and the
corrections for effecting the acceleration or retardation in the rate are caused to act
directly on the vibrator and not on the vibrator circuit. A fundamental distinction
therefore exists between such an apparatus and apparatus in which the correction
is effected by varying the strength of the vibrator magnet. By the use of a
vibrating reed, such as illustrated in the drawings, I can most efficiently control
its speed by enveloping it by the poles of a correcting magnet, as shown at Fig. 12;
and a distinction exists between such an arrangement and that shown in my prior
patent above mentioned, in which a correcting magnet embraces the fork so that
one pole acts on the outside of one tine and the other pole on the outside of the
other tine.
Under the arrangement shown in Fig. 12 the existence of a magnetic field
at F retards the vibrator, while its annihilation permits the vibrator to move more

page_text: rapidly. In like manner an increase in power in such a magnetic field causes a
retardation, and a decrease an acceleration. Of course the increase or decrease of
the strength of the independent correcting field may be accomplished by varying
the resistance of the circuit, or by varying the relation of the magnetic field to the
vibrator. Obviously, if with the identical apparatus shown in Fig. 12 connections
were made so that the circuit of the magnet F was normally closed, then the
vibration of the reed would be normally retarded, and the effect of the correcting
impulse would be to accelerate the vibrator. The apparatus may therefore be
arranged for correction either by retardation or acceleration.
The circuits and magnets may of course he so arranged as to make the correcting
impulse, whatever may be its character, effective when the relay arinature leaves
its front contact. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 16. There ordinarily the
current of the local battery L B is shunted from the coils of the magnet F when
the armature f' of the magnet G is against its front contact. When the armature
is, however, released and leaves its contact, the local battery L B becomes effective
in the coils of the magnet F.
In Fig. 17 is shown the manner of effecting the correction of the vibrator by
varying the power of the independent correcting magnet by means of changing the
resistance of its circuit. In this arrangement the current from the local battery
normally flows through the coils of the magnet F. When a correcting impulse is
sent over the line the resistance K will be thrown into the circuit by the movement
of the armature f¹ away from its front contact: The reed will therefore be
accelerated. A similar arrangement for eliminating a resistance from the local
circuit is obvious.
This part of my invention contemplates the use of a permanently energized
electro-magnet independent of and in addition to the vibrator magnet for effecting
the correction of the vibrator. Obviously it is immaterial whether such a correcting
magnet be arranged with its poles to embrace the vibrator, as shown in Fig. 17, or
whether both poles be arranged on one side of the vibrator. The magnet with its
normal power would normally act upon the vibrator and the correction be effected
by changing the power of the magnet upon the reception of a correcting impulse,
as for instance in the manner shown in Fig. 17.
In Fig. 18 I have shown an arrangement for changing the relation of the
independent controlling magnetic field to the vibrator. A permanent magnet L is
carried on the end of an armature lever pivoted between its ends and acted on
by an electro-magnet N included in a local circuit which is made and broken by
the relay B. Normally the armature of the relay B rests on its back stop, thus
closing the local circuit and holding the correcting magnet L in proximity to the
vibrator. When a correcting impulse is sent over the line the local of the magnet N
is momentarily broken and the magnet L is drawn away from the vibrator by the
coiled spring. This causes a retardation of the rate of vibration. Of course the
apparatus may be arranged to cause the magnet to approach the vibrator and effect
its acceleration when correction is required.
By the use of a local circuit I am enabled to maintain the magnetic field
independent of the vibrator magnet and effect the requisite corrections by varying
the power of such field; or, in an arrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 18,
the magnet may be more effectively controlled in its relation to the vibrator. In
order to vary the normal rate of vibration of the reed it may be mounted in its
support or post D so as to be adjustable endwise.
It will be noted upon reference to Figs. 13, 14 and 15 that I clamp or hold the
reed at one end at more than two points and leave it to vibrate freely at the other
end. For instance, in Fig. 12 three clamping screws are arranged on one side of
the reed in triangular relation to each other, as shown by the dotted circles in
Fig. 15, and one screw on the other. Instead of having the screws flattened on
the end, as shown in Fig. 12, I prefer to make them pointed and have them enter
longitudinal grooves in the sides of the vibrator, as in Fig. 13; or, as shown in
Fig. 14, I may employ two knife edges h¹ in connection with an opposing screw i¹.

page_text: However, whatever the arrangement may be, the vibrator is clamped at two or
more points. I have discovered that under such circumstances a slight loosening
or tightening of one or more holding screws or clamps will affect the normal rate of
vibration so that the vibration of the reed may be most delicately adjusted by the
manipulation of one or more of the clamping screws.
I may effect the mechanical correction of the vibrator, in contradistinction to a
magnetic correction, in many ways, some of which are illustrated in Figa, 19 to 26
inclusive.
In Fig. 19 the motor battery M B is shown as connected through the coils of the
motor magnet A³, thence to the heel of the vibrator B, through the vibrator and
contacts bc, adjustable arm C, and coil of the vibrator magnet A', to the opposite
pole of the battery, thus connecting the motor and vibrator magnets in series.
When a correcting impulse passes over the line it will come from the 10-contact,
through the coils of the relay D to earth, Fig. 19. The armature d of this relay
carries a light spring finger e, the bent end e' of which is normally in proximity to
the vibrating time of the fork but not in contact therewith. When the correcting
impulse actuates the relay armature & the light end of the finger e is momentarily
drawn against the time of the fork. The effect of this is doubtless to produce a
momentary decrease in the amplitude of vibration, but a momentary acceleration in
rate takes place.
Instead of this arrangement I may employ that shown in Fig. 20, in which the
speed of a vibrating reed F may be corrected by a spring finger on the relay
armature. In this case the bent end of the finger is pushed against the 'side of the
vibrator instead of drawn against it, as in Fig. 19.
Or I may permit the finger e to rest normally lightly against the upper or lower
edge of the vibrator as shown in Figs. 22 and 23. The effect of such an arrange-
ment is to give the vibrator a normally accelerated speed. When the finger e is
drawn out of contact with the vibrator on the reception of the correcting impulse,
it will vibrate with increased amplitude but with slower rate. In Fig. 22 X is an
ordinary vibrator magnet. Or an arrangement such as that shown in Fig. 24 may
be employed. There the finger is carried by an armature d¹ in such a position that
it is normally just out of contact with the top of the vibrator. The armature is
held in this position against the force of its spring by a magnet D', the circuit of
which is normally closed through the armature d of the relay D. When a correcting
impulse is received the finger e touches the top of the vibrator and causes an
acceleration of its rate; or the light contact finger carried by the vibrator may be
thrown into or out of contact with some correcting medium. For instance, in
Fig. 21 I have shown a light finger g carried by the vibrator. This finger projects
into an open cup containing oil, mercury, or any fluid or suitable material. This
cup is carried by a pivoted lever G, a spring connected with which tends to draw
the cup toward the contact on the vibrator. A post h on the armature of
magnet H, the local circuit of which is normally closed at the back contact of the
main correcting relay D, normally draws up the end of the lever not carrying the
cup so that the finger on the vibrator will not come in contact with the material
therein. When a correcting impulse is received, the relay armature d is drawn
towards its front contact, the circuit of the magnet H is opened, and the cup
is drawn up so that its contents are brought in contact with the finger on the
vibrator. This produces a mechanical correction of the vibrator, causing an
acceleration of rate as in the other cases.
а
Of course, by the application of the same principle the normal rate of vibration
of a reed or fork may be controlled. For instance, in Fig, 25 a light spring finger
capable of adjustment toward or from the vibrator by means of a set screw e¹ may
be used to control or regulate the normal rate; or, as in Fig. 26, I may use two
fingers arranged in V-shape so as to straddle the vibrator, and having an adjusting
screw by which they can be adjusted relatively to the vibrator. Of course local
circuits, may be used to effect corrections wherever desired.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of the main line, synchronously-actuated apparatus at each
end of the main line; the correcting battery from which impulses are sent over the
line; correcting devices at one end of the main line for accelerating or retarding
the apparatus by varying the electro magnetic power of its controlling circuit or
circuits without interrupting said circuit; and contacts or devices at the other end
of the main line for completing the circuit of the correcting battery through said
correcting devices whenever the apparatus at the station to be corrected runs too
fast or too slow.
2. The method of maintaining synchronous movements, which consists in
governing or actuating the apparatus at each station by a vibrator permitting
one of said vibrators to vibrate freely without correction and correcting the other
vibrator by varying the electro magnetic power of its controlling circuit or circuits
50 as to accclerate or retard its rate.
3. The arrangement of contacts connected with the correcting devices and with
the correcting battery, substantially as illustrated in Fig. 1.
4. The method of synchronizing, which consists in simultaneously correcting the
apparatus at the two connected stations whenever the apparatus at one station
runs out of time with that at the other.
.
5. The combination with the main line synchronously actuated apparatus at each
end of the main line the battery from which correcting impulses are sent into the
line and means by which the speed of the apparatus at the station where the
correcting impulse is sent into the line is corrected.
6. The combination of a main line the tables of contacts and rotating circuit
completers, a ground line through which the main line is grounded after cach
completion of the circuit and a resistance in the ground line.
7. The combination of the branch line or lines main and ground contacts the
bridging circuit completer and a resistance in the circuit or circuits completed by
the bridging of the circuit-completer.
8. The combination of a continuously automatically acting circuit interrupting
vibrator, a vibrator magnet and means for adjusting the pole of the magnet in the
direction of the length of the vibrator to change its normal rate.
9. The manner of adjusting the normal rate of vibration of a continuously
actuated vibrator by means of a permanent magnet located in proximity to the
vibrator.
10. The combination of the continuously actuated vibrator, its vibrator magnet,
an independent magnet located in proximity to the vibrator and means for varying
the power of the magnet to adjust the normal rate of vibration.
11. The combination of the vibrator its magnet and circuit, a branch or shunt
circuit around said magnet a resistance in said shunt and means for controlling the
shunt and correcting the speed of the vibrator.
12. The combination of a continuously acting automatic circuit interrupting
vibrator, its support and elastic or flexible device for supporting it.
13. The combination of a vibrator its magnet and circuit, magnetic correcting
devices independent of the vibrator magnet the local circuit of said correcting
devices and a relay in the main line for rendering the correcting impulses effective.
14. Correcting the speed of the vibrating reed or bar by varying the intensity of
a magnetic field in which the free end of the reed or bar vibrates.
15. The combination of a vibrating reed or bar the vibrator magnet and the
independent correcting magnet having its poles arranged to envelop and act on
both sides of the vibrator or to act upon one side only.
16. The manner of correcting the speed of the vibrator by means of a normally
energized mnguet the power of which is varied upon the reception of a correcting
impulse.

page_text: 17. The combination of the vibrator, its local driving circuit, the motor and its
circuit arranged entirely independent of the vibrator circuit, as set forth.
18. The manner of rendering the correcting impulses effective without inter-
rupting the vibrator circuit, substantially as set forth.
19. The manner of rendering the correcting impulses effective without varying
the amount of battery in the vibrator circuit, substantially as set forth.
20. The combination of the vibrator which is free to vibrate at one end, and
devices for clamping it at two or more points at the other end, for the purpose
set forth.
21. The combination of the vibrator, its vibrator magnet and circuit, and an
independent correcting magnet, either permanent or electro, and means for causing
said magnet to approach or recede from the vibrator to effect its correction.
22. The combination of an electrically actuated vibrator, and a device for
mechanically controlling its rate of vibration.
23. The combination of the vibrator, the correcting relay, and the elastic finger
for mechanically correcting the vibrator.
24. The combination of a table of contacts, a synchronously-actuated circuit
completer, the correcting contacts, the controlling vibrator, and the device for
mechanically correcting the speed of said vibrator.
Dated this 22nd dow of Marah 1000