IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY BUITABLE FOR BREAKING STONE TO PREPARE IT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, ALSO IN MACHINERY CONOR PER
Year: 1869

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Charles Drake, William Drake, and John Drake,
of the Firm of Drake, Brothers, and Reid, No. 208, New Kent
Road, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY BUITABLE FOR BREAKING STONE TO PREPARE IT FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, ALSO IN MACHINERY
CONOR PER !!
ealed the 4th May 1869, and dated the 10th March. 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Drake,
William Drake, and John Drake at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their l'etition, on the 10th March 1869.
We, CHARLES DRAKE, WILLIAM DRAKE, and JOHN DRAKE, of the
Firm of Drake, Brothers, and Reid, No. 208, New Kent Road, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
or "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY SUITABLE FOR BREAKING STONE TO PREPARE

page_text: IT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, ALSO IN
MACHINERY FOR MIXING CONCRETE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery suitable
for breaking stone to prepare it for the manufacture of concrete and for
other purposes, also in machinery for mixing concrete. For breaking
stone and other hard materials we employ rollers with corrugated surfaces,
the grooves run around the rollers, their sides are parallel, and the
grooves in one roller are set to correspond with the projections or ridges
on the other. The rollers are mounted horizontally on parallel axes;
they are caused to rotate by powerful driving gear and the material to be
broken is fed in between them. The ridges may have ratchet-like teeth
or grooves cut upon them to cause rollers to take down the materials
between them with greater certainty. In place of using two rollers
a single roller may be used in combination with a block corrugated
in a similar manner. When using a pair of rollers in place of
corrugating their surfaces in the manner above described we sometimes
form on their surfaces diamond-forined projections, and the rollers are
so mounted that the projections on one roller correspond with the
hollows or depressions in the other. In place of these arrangements we
in some cases employ a machine consisting of a massive casting in the
form of a hollow truncated cone, it is open both at the top and bottom
and is mounted with the apex end downwards; through this vessel in the
axial line of the cone an upright shaft passes which is caused to rotate,
it has vertical teeth formed upon it and corresponding teeth are formed
within the conc. The material is fed in between the axis and the cone,
and as the axis revolves it becomes broken between the teeth and it falls
out through the space between the lower edge of the conical vessel and
the axis.
For the purpose of mixing concrete we employ a drum of a cylindrical
or conical form mounted in an horizontal or slightly inclined position
and caused to rotate by suitable driving apparatus. The interior of the
drum has ledges or shelves upon it to carry the materials to the top and
then drop them upon the central revolving axis; there is also an axis
passing through the drum, it has inclined blades or tangs upon it and is
driven in the contrary direction or may be driven in the same direction
at the same or increased speed.

page_text: The materials for the production of the concrete are fed in at one end
of the drum through a hopper in the end and they are discharged at a
suitable orifice at the other end of the drum. The hopper is partitioned
for measuring the water, cement, and gravel or other material of which
the concrete is to be made in proper proportions,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Drake, William Drake, and John Drake,
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
DRAKE, WILLIAM DRAKE, and JOHN DRAKE, of the Firm of Drake,
Brothers, and Reid, No. 208, New Kent Road, in the County of Surrey
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Charles Drake, William Drake, and
John Drake, Her special licence that we, the said Charles Drake,
William Drake, and John Drake, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Drake, William Drake,
and John Drake, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY SUITABLE FOR BREAKING STONE
TO PREPARE IT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CONCRETE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,
ALSO IN MACHINERY FOR MIXING CONCRETE," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Charles Drake, William Drake, and John Drake,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our
or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause

page_text: the same 'to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Drake, on behalf of
myself and the said William Drake and John Drake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery suitable
for breaking stone to prepare it for the manufacture of concrete and for
other purposes, also in machinery for mixing concrete. For breaking
stone and other hard materials we employ rollers with corrugated surfaces,
the grooves run around the rollers, their sides are parallel, and the
grooves in one roller are set to correspond with the projections or ridges
on the other. The rollers are mounted horizontally on parallel axes.
They are caused to rotate by powerful driving gear, and the material to
be broken is fed in between them. The ridges may have ratchet-like
teeth or grooves cnt upon them to cause the rollers to take down the
materials between them with greater certainty.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a stone breaking machine thus
constructed; Figure 2 is a plan of a similar machine but with rollers of
a somewhat different pattern.
a, a, is the frame consisting of two standards firmly bolted together;
b is the main axis having upon it at one end the driving pulley b', and
at the other a small pinion gearing with the wheel c¹ upon the axis c;
c² is a pinion on the same axis gearing with the spur wheel d upon the
axis of one of the crushing rollers e. The axes ex of the crushing rollers
are mounted horizontally and parallel with each other and are geared
together by the pinions e', e', having long teeth to admit of the rollers
being set further from or nearer to each other as may be required. The
bearings of one of the rollers e are arranged to slide in guide slots in the
frame, and are capable of being adjusted by means of the screws f, f, to
the positions required. The rollers e are composed of a series of rings,
by preference of iron, chill cast, each ring has a square opening in the
centre and fits upon the axis which is of a corresponding form; the rings
abut near the end of the axis on a shoulder formed upon it, and near
the other end a screw thread is cut upon the axis and receives a locking
nut by which the rings are all clamped tightly together. The nuts are

page_text: each arranged to screw up in the direction opposite to that in which its
roller revolves so that they may not shake loose.
In Figure 1 the projecting rings or ridges are formed with a number
of curved notches upon them to insure the material being taken down by
the rolls; the grooves or spaces between the ridges have parallel sides
and are slightly wider than the projections, and the projections of one
roller are opposed to the grooves or recesses of the other.
In Figure 2 the projecting ridges are formed with sloping sides, and
each ridge in place of being continuous is broken up into a number of
separate pyramidal projections; g is a hopper by which the material is
fed to the rolls, and h is an incline down which it is discharged after
it has passed between them. In place of using two rollers a single
roller may be used in combination with a block corrugated in a similar
manner. The block may be of the same form as the roller, but remains
stationary while the machine is at work. By making the machine in
this manner its construction is somewhat simplified and cheapened, but
such machines will not perform so much work as machines such as the
Drawing represents.
When using a pair of rollers in place of corrugating their surfaces in
the manner above described we sometimes form on their surfaces diamond
formed projections, and the rollers are so mnounted that the projectious
on one roller correspond with the hollows or depressions in the other.
For the purpose of mixing concrete we employ a drum of a cylindrical
or conical form mounted in an horizontal or slightly inclined position
and caused to rotate by suitable driving apparatus. The interior of the
drum has ledges or shelves upon it to carry the materials to the top and
then drop them upon a central revolving axis passing through the drum.
The axis has blades or tangs upon it and is driven in the contrary
direction to the drum, or may be driven in the same direction at increased
speed.
The materials for the production of the concrete are fed in at one end
of the drum through a hopper in the end and they are discharged at a
suitable orifice at the other end of the drum. The hopper may be
partitioned for measuring the water, cement, and gravel, or other
material of which the concrete is to be made in proper proportions.
Figure 3 is a vertical section, Figure 4 a plan, and Figure 5 an end
view, partly in section, of a concrete mixing machine thus constructed.

page_text: a, a, is the frame of the machine, it has fixed upon it two semicircular
bearing bars a', a', on which the drum b which is open at their ends is
supported on friction rollers; b, b', are angle iron ledges fixed on the
interior of the drum, and which as the drum is rotated lift the materials
and drop them again upon the axis c, which revolves by preference in
the opposite direction to the drum; c', c', are radial blades or tangs
acting as stirrers and carried by the axis c.
The materials to make the concrete are fed in suitable proportions by
means of a hopper into the small end of the drum, the water is supplied
to the hopper in proper quantity by a water pipe and tap. The water
assists the other materials in passing regularly out of the hopper into the
drum.
At the larger end of the drum the concrete when thoroughly
mixed and ready for use is discharged.
The axis c is rotated by means of a pinion at its end gearing with a
spur wheel upon the shaft d, on which is the driving belt pulley d².
The drum bis rotated in the opposite direction by means of a ring
of teeth upon it which gear with an intermediate pinion e carried
by a standard from the frame, and which pinion is driven by another
pinion upon the driving shaft d'. In place of making the drum with
angle iron shells b' as the Drawing shews, the drum itself may be made
of corrugated iron, the corrugations running longitudinally of the drum.
The corrugations then serve as ledges or shelves to lift the material and
drop it upon the stirrers on the axis c.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that
what we claim is, the constructing of machinery suitable for breaking
stone with a pair of rollers mounted horizontally on parallel axes, and
caused to rotate by powerful driving gear, such rollers having corre-
sponding projections and depressions on their surfaces, and the projec-
tions of the one roller being opposed to the depressions in the other as
above described.
We also claim the constructing machinery as above set forth, but
with the substitution of a corrugated block for one of the breaking
rollers.
We also claim the constructing concrete mixing machines with a
drum receiving the material at one end and discharging it at the

page_text: dropping it upon a rotating axis with stirrers upon it as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Drake, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
CH. DRAKE. (L.S.)