IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND VENTILATING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cutler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1863.
I, JOSEPH CUTLER, of Gloucester Road, Upper Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND VENTILATING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for lighting
and ventilating. In constructing apparatus for lighting a room, I by pre-
ference arrange it for burning gas, but oil or spirit lamps may be employed.
The lighting apparatus is placed near the ceiling of the room in like manner
to what are known as "sun lights," and the products of combustion are carried
off by a pipe above the ceiling, the entrance end of the pipe being formed into
a funnel mouth. This pipe is of iron, and may, if desired, be made double,
the products of combustion being led away through the central pipe, an air
space is thus formed around this pipe, thus avoiding all danger arising from
fire. Beneath the funnel mouth of the pipe is a convex reflector, which may
be of metal or of silvered glass; the outer diameter of this reflector is made
of less diameter than the entrance to the funnel, and is concentric with it, so
that an annular space is left between the interior of the funnel and the
exterior of the reflector; through this space the heated gases from the burners
rise up into the pipe that conveys them away; this causes a draft through the
pipe by which the vitiated air in the room is carried away and the room thus
ventilated. Below the convex reflector and ranged around it are the burners,
and when gas is used I by preference employ a ring burner with a number of

page_text: small separate jets, or the holes of the burner may be so close together that
the flames shall all unite together and form a perfect ring of flame. Other
kinds of burners ranged around and beneath the reflector may, however, be
employed; below the reflector and the burner is placed a globe or basin of
glass; the sides of this basin rise up around the burner and so protect the
flames from currents of air; a space is left between the top of this basin and
the funnel entrance to the exit pipe, so as to leave a space for the vitiated air
in the room to enter into and pass away through the exit pipe. The pipe that
supplies the burners with gas passes down through the centre of the pipe that
conveys away the heated gases from the burners; this pipe passes down
through the centre of the reflector and through the centre of the glass basin
below, and beneath the glass basin the lower end of the pipe is provided with a
knob or handle, by turning which the tap that admits gas to the burners may be
opened or shut. When the apparatus is to be used as an out-door light, then
the top of the exterior glass basin above mentioned is brought up to the edge
of a cover of metal, or it might be of talc or other material, and to the centre
of this cover is connected a pipe, by which the products of combustion are
carried away, and for the reflector I employ a globular mirror, and the ring of
lights may either be placed on a level with the centre of the globe or it may
be placed below the centre, according as it is desired to throw the light to a
greater or less distance. The pipe that supplies gas to the burners is, as in
the former case, caused to pass downwards through the reflector and through
the bottom of the glass basin, and is, below the basin, furnished with a knob
or handle by turning which the tap that admits gas to the burners may be
opened or shut.