IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PICTURES WITH THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1885

page_text: Photography.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of my inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PICTURES WITH THE AID OF
PHOTOGRAPHY" to be as follows:-
This invention has for object the production of colored photographic pictures.
This is effected by means of the 3 following processes or operations.
1. The coloration in uniform tints without any modelling or imitation of forms
and without any shades, either by hand with a brush or by chromolithographic
printing, of a paper specially prepared as hereinafter described, this coloration being
guided by the aid of the transparency of an ordinary photographic positive of the
object to be reproduced in colors or by reflection.
2. The formation, independently, of an image in the form of a transparent
pellicle obtained by photographic impression without colors and producing
exclusively all the forms, mezzotints and shades of the object to be repro-
duced.
3. The juxtaposition, superposition or intimate union of the products of the
above two processes or operations.
I will now describe more fully the manner of carrying out each of the three
processes or operations.
1st Operation. I prepare on glass, or paper, an ordinary photographic positive of
the object or person to be reproduced. I place opposite this positive so as to get
the image of it by transparency or by reflection with the aid of suitable mirrors
arranged for the purpose, a sheet of paper prepared with arrow root, or salted or
albumenized paper, or cetrarine paper or other analogous paper after having
moistened it. Upon the image thus obtained by transparency or by reflection,
I apply with a brush with honey aniline or other colors the colors indicated by the
model to be reproduced and this in simple uniform tints without any imitation of
forma or any shades. This work is effected without difficulty as the operator has,
Price 6d1

page_text: only to follow the contours indicated by the transparent or reflected image without
troubling himself with shades or imitation of forins. When all the colors in
uniform tints have been thus applied I fix them in a bath formed of about 200 parts
of alcohol at 40° and 50 parts of acetic acid. When it is required to produce a
large number of copies of the same, subject, instead of applying the uniform tints
on the paper as above described I can employ the usual chromolithographic
processes.
2nd Operation. This operation can be performed at the same time as the first,
that is to say, independently. I take the negative which has served for the produc-
tion of the positive employed in the first operation; and I obtain from it by means
of the ordinary photographic apparatus a positive proof without salt of silver on a
carbon paper prepared, specially in view of its employment in carrying out this
invention, with half the coloring matter usually employed for printing from strong
negatives, or with one third of the coloring matter for feeble negatives. This paper
is previously sensitized by means of bichromate of potass or of ammonia at 4 per
cent. I then develop the image against a fine glass previously waxed or collodion-
ized submitted to hot water without intermission at from 40° to 50° Centigrade.
This development of the image against the glass thus prepared has for object to
allow of the ulterior transfer of this image in the form of a thin pellicle above the
colored silhouette obtained by the first operation. The glass bearing the developed
image is afterwards submitted to a bath composed of about 10 parts of rectified
alcohol and 6 parts of water to hasten the desiccation; on the glass, that is to say,
on the image is applied a layer of gelatine at 10 per cent after which a complete
dessication is allowed. This coat of gelatine is indispensable in order that in the
subsequent or third operation the image which is to be intimately united to the
paper product of the first operation may leave the glass with its smallest mezzo-
tints which would be impossible without this precaution.
3rd Operation. The product of the second operation is applied with mathematical
exactness upon the product of the first operation so that the photographic image of
the second shall strictly coincide with the colored silhouette of the first. These two
proofs being well in contact the glass bearing the result of the second operation is
left to complete dessication. After several hours, a reproduction of the object is
obtained full of life with all its varied colors. The proof or picture thus produced
is very artistic and of great lustre or freshness which is due to the small amount of
coloring matters in the carbon paper employed in the second operation to obtain
the transparent photographic pellicle.
The proofs or pictures are afterwards fixed and rendered inalterable by a bath of
alum at 5 per cent. After washing they can be applied to cardboard and finished
in the usual way.

page_text: Improvements in the Production of Pictures with the Aid of
Photography.
I JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169 Fleet Street, in the City of London, Fellow
of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention has for object the production of colored photographic pictures.
This is effected by means of the three following processes or operations.
1. The coloration in uniform tints without any modelling or imitation of forms
and without any shades either by hand with a brush or by chromolithographic
printing, of a paper specially prepared as hereinafter described, this coloration being
guided by the aid of transparency on an ordinary photographic positive of the
object to be reproduced in colors or by reflection.
2. The formation, independently, of an image in the form of a transparent polliclo
obtained by photograhic impression without colors and producing exclusively all
the forms, mezzotints and shades of the object to be reproduced.
3. The juxtaposition, superposition or intimate union of the products of the
above two processes or operations.
I will now describe more fully the anner of carrying out each of the three
processes or operations.
.
1st Operation. I prepare on glass or paper an ordinary photographic positive of
the object or person to be reproduced. I place opposite this positive so as to get
the image of it by transparency or by reflection with the aid of suitable mirrors
arranged for the purpose a sheet of paper prepared with arrow-root, or salted or
albumenized paper, or cetrarine paper or other analogous paper after having
moistened it. Upon the image thus obtained by transparency or by reflection I
apply with a brush with honey, aniline or other colors the colors indicated by the
model to be reproduced and this in simple uniform tints without any imitation of
forms or any shades. These colors can be vegetable or mineral; the latter which
cannot be employed in any salts of silver process give in certain tints a greater
vivacity and more diversity in each tint. This work is effected without difficulty
as the operator has only to follow the contours indicated by the transparent_or
reflected image without troubling himself with shades or imitation of forms. By
this method of distributing the colors I have the great advantage of operating upon
immaculate paper, that is to say, paper free from preliminary work for obtaining
the visible forms or designs. On this point depend the vivacity of the colors in the
proofs and exactitude in the details. When all the colors in uniform tints have
been thus applied I fix them in a bath formed of about 200 parts of alcohol at 40°
and 50 parts of acetic acid. When it is required to produce a large number of
copies of the same subject, instead of applying the uniform tints on the paper as
above described I can employ the usual chromolithographic processes.
2nd Operation. This operation can be. performed at the same time as the first,
that is to say-independently. I take the negative which has served for the pro-
duction of the positive employed in the first operation, and I obtain from it by
means of the ordinary photographic apparatus a positive proof without salt of
silver on a carbon paper prepared, specially in view of its employment in carrying
out this invention, with half the coloring matter usually employed for printing
from strong negatives or with one third of the coloring matter for feeble negatives,

page_text: This paper is previously sensitized by means of bichromate of potash or of ammonia at
from 2 to 4 per cent. I then develop the image against or upon a fine glass previously
waxed or collodionized submitted to hot water without intermission at from 40° to 50°
Centigrade. This development of the image against the glass thus prepared has for
object to allow of the ulterior transfer of this image in the form of a thin pellicle
above the colored silhouette obtained by the first operation. The glass bearing the
developed image is afterwards submitted to a bath composed of about 10 parts of
rectified alcohol and 6 parts of water to hasten the desiccation; on the glass, that
is to say on the image is applied a layer of gelatine at 10 per cent. after which a
complete desiccation is allowed. This coat of gelatine is indispensable in order
that in the subsequent or third operation the image which is to be intimately
united to the paper product of the first operation may leave the glass with its
smallest mezzotints which would be impossible without this precaution.
3rd Operation. The product of the second operation is applied with mathematical
exactness upon the product of the first operation so that the photographic image of
the second shall strictly coincide with the colored silhouette of the first.
It may
be bere remarked that it is the chemical pellicle, borne provisionally on the glass
that makes the third operation possible, that is to say that the pellicle and the
colored silhouette coinciding mathematically are arranged in their true sense. These
two proofs being well in contact the glass bearing the result of the second operation
is left to complete desiccation. After several hours desiccation a reproduction of
the object is obtained full of life with all its varied colors. The proof or picture
thus produced is very artistic and of great lustre or freshness which is specially
due to the small amount of coloring matters in the carbon paper employed in the
second operation to obtain the transparent photographic pellicle.
The proofs or pictures are afterwards fixed and rendered inalterable by a bath of
alum at 5 per cent. After washing they can be applied to card-board and finished
in the usual way.
Sometimes I interpose between the chemical pellicle and the colored paper a layer
of albumen coagulated by rectified alcohol or a layer of gelatine. This separating
layer gives a certain depth of appearance and a very artistic effect.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me, I declare that what I claim is
1. The production of colored photographic pictures by the combination or series
of operations or processes herein before described, that is to say, by (a) the coloration,
substantially as set forth, in uniform tints without any inodelling or imitation of
forms and without any shades, either by hand with a brush or by chromolitho-
graphic printing, of a paper prepared as herein before described; (b) the formation,
independently, and substantially as set forth, of an image in the form of a transparent
pellicle obtained by photographic impression on carbon paper without salt of silver
and with a reduced quantity of coloring matters; (c) the juxtaposition, superposi-
tion or intimate union, substantially as set forth, of the products of the two proceses
or operations a and b; and (d) in some cases the interposition between the said two
products of a layer of albumen coagulated by rectified alcohol or a layer of gelatine,
as set forth.
2. The production of pictures with the aid of photography by the means and in
manner herein before described.