Apparatus for Pasteurising or Sterilizing and Cooling Beers, and for Aerating or Charging Beers with Gas before Placing them in Cask or in Bottle.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 8th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 10th Dec., 1894-Accepted, 9th Feb., 1895
Apparatus for Pasteurising or Sterilizing and Cooling Beers, and for
Aerating or Charging Beers with Gas before Placing them in
Cask or in Bottle.
I, PAUL PUVREZ, of 35 Rue d'Isly, Lille, Nord, in the Republic of France;
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a cylinder of sheet steel or copper, closed hermetically
at its upper part by a head which can be dome shaped, and at its lower part by a
bottom provided with a flat part.
This cylinder is provided in the interior with an agitator consisting of a copper
worm terminated at its two ends by a stuffing box for the entry of steam, of hot
water, and of cold water at the top and for their escape at the bottom.
Rotary motion is given to the worm by a pulley operating two bevel gears.
The apparatus is provided in front with, 1st, a man-hole to enable a workman
to enter the interior to clean it, 2nd, a pressure gauge indicating the interior
pressure, 3rd, a thermometer indicating the temperature, 4th, three gauge cocks
placed at the top, at the middle, and at the bottom of the cylindrical part.
On the top of the apparatus are, 1st, the stuffing box making a hermetic joint to
the shaft of the agitator worm, 2nd, the gearing and the driving pulley, 3rd, two
cast iron brackets supporting the stuffing box, into which, by a pipe provided with
three junction tubes, the steam, hot water and cold water enter which are to
circulate in the worm agitator, 4th, a union cock for the entrance of carbonic acid
gas or filtered air, 5th, an aperture with a copper screwed stopper for the filling of
the apparatus, 6th, a steam cock for the cleaning and the sterilization of the
apparatus, 7th, two safety valves, 8th, a gas supply valve.
On the side is a retaining clack valve for the insufflation of carbonic acid gas
into the liquid.
The lower end, having a flat part, comprises, 1st, a stuffing box, two brackets,
and a stuffing box similar to those of the upper end, 2nd, an aperture with a bronze
screwed stopper for the discharge of the wash waters. from the apparatus, 3rd, a
union cock for delivering the pasteurised beer to the apparatus to put it into cask
or bottle.
The pasteurisation or sterilization, the cooling and the charging with gas of the
beer are effected in my apparatus in the following manner.
The apparatus having been previously thoroughly cleaned through the man-hole,
is hermetically reclosed. A jet of steam is caused to enter it through the steam
cock to sterilize it completely in the interior, the discharge stopper is removed to
allow the water of condensation which may have collected during the sterilization
to flow away.
When the discharge stopper has been replaced, the beer supply

page_text: stopper is opened and the agitator is put in motion. Then the water cock is
opened, thereby causing hot water from a suitable tank to circulate through the
agitator worm. When the temperature of the beer in the apparatus has attained
the determined degree for pasteurisation or sterilization, the hot water cock is closed
and a jet of steam at very low pressure, supplied for example from the exhaust of
an engine, is caused to circulate through the agitator worm to maintain the necessary
temperature during a given time; the steam inlet cock is closed and the cold water
cock is opened, the worm agitator being continuously rotated. According to
whether the beer to be pasteurised or sterilized is of high or low fermentation, the
temperature of the water employed to cool it is regulated. During the cooling the
agitator is constantly working; as soon as the temperature in the apparatus is
lowered to the desired degree, the circulation of the water is stopped and, whilst
still causing the agitator to rotate, carbonic acid gas is caused to enter the body of
the liquid, by means of the retaining clack valve, at a pressure of from 1 to 2
atmospheres or more during a period of from 5 to 15 minutes or more, according to
the degree to which it is desired to charge the beer with gas and the volume of the
apparatus. Finally a sample can be drawn off by one of the gauge cocks to enable
the brewer to ascertain if the beer is sufficiently charged with gas. The cock
through which the carbonic acid gas enters is then closed and, by means of a cock
on the top of the apparatus, a pressure of carbonic acid gas or of sterilized and
filtered air, at equal pressure with that which has served to aerate it, is applied
to the surface of the liquid. There is therefore after this series of operations, a
quantity of beer, more or less great according to the capacity of the apparatus,
perfectly pasteurised or sterilized at the normal temperature for good bottling, and
containing in solution the desired quantity of carbonic acid gas to constitute an
immediately creaming beer in bottle or in cask, which is also sparkling and digestive,
without its having been during any moment of these operations in contact with the
external air. Nothing further is required than to place it in bottle or in casks with
the apparatus now in use.
Dated this 8th day of March 1894.
PAUL PUVREZ,
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W., Agents.
Apparatus for Pasteurising or Sterilizing and Cooling Beers, and for
Aerating or Charging Beers with Gas before Placing them in
Cask or in Bottle.
I, PAUL PUVREZ, of 35 Rue d'Isly, Lille, Nord, in the Republic of France,
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus for pasteurising or sterilizing and cooling
beers, and for aerating or charging beers with gas before placing them in cask
or in bottle, and is described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which :-
:-
Figs. 1 and 2 are two elevations drawn at right angles to each other and Fig. 3
is a plan of apparatus constructed according to my invention.
The apparatus consists of a vertical cylinder of sheet steel, copper, or other
metal, closed at its two ends by heads of like metal. The lower head or bottom is
bolted to the cylindrical part to enable it to be removed when necessary. The
cylinder is provided in the interior with a worm agitator B, having two or several

page_text: wings bolted on a partially hollow shaft of bronze to provide for the entry and exit
of hot water into and from the worm agitator. This shaft is hollow only at its two
ends C C', whilst the centre portion is solid or shut off from the hollow ends so as
to compel the water entering at one end to pass through the worm and to leave it
at the other. The lower end of this shaft rests in a socket formed in the lower
cast iron box F', and is provided with two openings through which enters the water
from this box F. This vertical shaft, and with it the worm agitator, are put in
motion by a bevelled toothed wheel E on the upper end driven by a bevelled pinion .J'
fixed on the driving shaft J, and its two ends enter cast iron boxes F F1, into and
from which is effected the entrance and exit of the hot and cold water. The hollow
ends are thus open to the interior of these boxes. Hermeticity around this shaft at
the places where it passes through the heads or ends of the pasteuriser and where
it passes into the boxes F F¹, is obtained by means of stuffing boxes G and suitable
packing.
On the upper end or head of the apparatus are placed:-1st, the cast iron
brackets H supporting the upper box F and the driving shaft J carrying the
pinion J', fast and loose pulleys I and crank-disc K operating the gasefier pump L.
2nd, a cock M for the entrance of pure filtered compressed air. 3rd, a cock M
for carbonic acid gas communicating with the froth box of the gasefier pump L.
4th, a steam cock M². 5th, a cock M placed on the bronze stopper N for the
entrance of carbonic acid gas. 6th, an opening closed by a bronze stopper N for
the filling of the apparatus. 7th, a sensitive safety vaive O. 8th, a pressure
indicating gauge P.
On the lower end or bottom are placed :-1st, cast iron brackets H' carrying the
second water supply and discharge box F. 2nd, a union cock Q for the delivery
of the pasteurised beer. 3rd, an opening closed by a bronze stopper N' for the
discharge of the wash waters.
At
On the cylindrical part are placed, at the upper and lower parts thereof, two
small gauge cocks a a'. Also on the front of the cylinder is placed a man-hole R
to permit of the perfect cleaning of the interior of the apparatus, as also of entry
therein if required. In the centre of the man-hole cover is screwed a sensitive
thermometer to facilitate the control of the heating and cooling temperatures.
the lower part of the cylinder is a small retaining clack valve T provided in the
interior with a gas spray producer to effect the gasefication when the beer has bee
warmed and cooled and it is ready to be put into bottles. The spray producing
cock or clack valve T is well known and consists of an ordinary cock on the front
of which is a small valve to prevent the passage of beer from the pasteuriser into
the tube conveying the carbonic acid. The spray producer portion is simply a closed
inner end of the tube perforated with a considerable number of fine holes. To the
left of Figure 1 on the cylinder is mounted a double action bronze pump L, the
connecting rod of which is operated by the crank disc K. This pump serves to
gasefy the beer after its pasteurisation.
To effect this gasefication, carbonic acid gas from any suitable gas producer or from
a steel bottle containing the same in the liquid state is caused to enter the beer by
the spray producing cock T. When the pressure in the apparatus is in equilibrium
with that of the reducing regulator conducting the carbonic acid gas, and con-
sequently at the desired pressure for gasefication, the gas supply pipe is removed
from the clack valve T and it is placed on the carbonic acid supply cock M
placed on the top of the apparatus. During this time the worm agitator continually
rouses the body of beer, but as it displaces it only horizontally, the gasefication
would occupy too long a time as the surface of the beer which is in direct contact
with the gas, is not renewed. It is then that the gasefying pump is put in motion;
this draws the carbonic acid which is above the beer in the pasteuriser, through
the cock M and discharges it energetically into the body of beer, at the lower
part of the apparatus through the clack valve T. The gas, divided into excessively
fine particles, passes through the entire body of the beer, dissolves in it in large
quantities, and that which is not dissolved in it, rises to the surface where it is

page_text: again drawn off by the pump and forced into the beer until the latter has become
fully saturated. Before reaching the suction valves bbl of the pump, the carbonic
acid gas drawn off is deprived of the froth, which might be drawn off with it in a
box or chamber U. Beyond the delivery side of the discharge valves c c', is also
another box or chamber within which the gas is washed before delivery into the
pasteuriser. In this way it is ensured that the gas thus placed in contact with the
beer is deprived of all impurities or of the bad odour which it might have acquired
in the body of the pump or in the tubes. There might also be added to the
washing water a few drops of the essence of hops, which perfumes and aromatises
the gas.
On the upper box F, for the entry and exit of water, is placed a three-way
cock V, for the exit of hot water at V₁ and the entrance of cold water at Vi
according to the position given to the key.
On the lower box F are placed -1st, at the back, the hot water inlet cock v1;
2nd, at the front, the cold water discharge cock v. The dimensions of these cocks
are sufficiently large so that when removed from the boxes the interior of the latter
can be readily cleaned.
All around the cylinder, at the part where it is united to the upper end, is placed
a ring X formed of a copper tube pierced with fine holes all round the inner face
thereof directed towards the outer side of the pasteuriser. This ring tube is
connected at one side to the hot water supply tube by a cock a, and at the other
side to the cold water supply tube by a cock x to enable the surface for heating
or cooling to be considerably increased by causing a thin film of hot or cold water
to flow down the exterior of the apparatus by opening the cock or a¹, as may be
required.
The entire interior surface of the apparatus is well tinned in order to prevent
rust or oxidation of the metal.
The apparatus is supported by two small columns A placed underneath the
brackets D fixed to the apparatus and supported by suitable foundations.
The pasteurisation or sterilization, the cooling and the charging of the beer with
gas, are effected in my apparatus in the following manner.
ร
The apparatus having been thoroughly cleaned through the man-hole, is
hermetically reclosed. A jet of steam is caused to enter it to sterilize it, and it is
filled to the level of the gauge cock through the aperture N with racked and
filtered beer. The opening N is closed and compressed air is admitted above the
surface of the beer through the compressed air cock M at a pressure of 1, 2 or 3
atmospheres, according to the description of beer to be pasteurised. This operation
has for its object, by compressing the surface of the liquid, to prevent the escape of
the alcohol, the aroma, and the carbonic acid gas from the beer when, in the course
of the following operation, it is being heated. The apparatus being under air
pressure, hot water is caused to enter the box F through the cock at v¹, and
consequently it will pass through the hollow portion C₁ of the agitator shaft and
thence into the worm agitator B; this water is supplied from a small tank, con-
taining 4 or 5 hectolitres, placed higher than the apparatus (for example, on the
first floor if the apparatus is on the ground floor); the agitator is caused to rotate
by placing the strap or band on the fixed pulley and the key is removed from the
connecting rod of the pump in order that the latter may not work. The hot water
entering the worm agitator at the bottom, heats the lower strata of beer, which, by
natural physical laws and by reason of the difference in density, immediately rise
to the upper part of the liquid to take the place of the cooler and consequently
denser strata there found. In this way a natural vertical agitation is obtained
resulting from the movement given to the liquid by the differences in density of the
strata of hot and cold beer, whilst the worm agitator causes in the body by its
rotary motion, a mechanical horizontal agitation, which, combined with the natural
vertical agitation, ensures a perfect regularity and uniformity of temperature
throughout the body of the beer. This energetic rousing or agitation prevents the
liquid from becoming overheated by contact with the worm agitator whose surface

page_text: continually touches fresh molecules of beer. At the same time that the heating is
obtained in a perfectly regular manner, the consumption of hot water is reduced
almost to nothing by the fact that at the outlet from the worm agitator box F and
cock V, this hot water is taken by an ordinary small steam force pump, which at the
same time that it returns it to the small tank from which it came, gives to it the degrees
of heat which it has given up to the beer. At the same time that the heating is
effected in the interior by the worm agitator, the heating surface can at will be
considerably increased by causing a thin film of hot water to flow against the entire
exterior surface of the apparatus by means of the perforated ring shaped tube X
pierced with small holes directed against the sides of the apparatus, which film of
hot water brings its contingent of caloric against the whole exterior surface and
thus increases the rapidity of heating consequent on the excellent conductibility of
metal. For the cooling, on the contrary, the water enters at the upper part
through the tube at V₁, the box F, the hollow part C of the agitator shaft, passes
through the worm agitator from above downwards, and leaves by the cock v" of
the lower box F¹; therefore, for the cooling, the same natural and mechanical
agitations are produced as during the heating. When the beer is cooled to
14° or 15° Centigrade, the gasefying pump is put in operation at the same time
continuing to pass cold water through the worm agitator which is constantly
turning so as to lower the temperature as much as possible. When the sterilized
beer is of low fermentation or when it is intended to be sold iced, the temperature.
is still further reduced by causing iced water to circulate within the apparatus and
to flow down on its exterior until the beer has attained the desired temperature.
The lower the temperature the more rapidly will the saturatiou be effected and the
more the beer will dissolve of carbonic acid gas.
•
After having been treated as above the beer is placed in casks or in bottles by
means of any known and suitable form of bottling apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved combination and arrangement of apparatus for pasteurising or
sterilizing and cooling beers and for aerating or charging beers with gas before
placing them in cask or in bottle, substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated this 10th day of December 1894.
HARRIS & MILLS,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.