Improved Casks or Barrels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 3rd July, 1893-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Casks or Barrels.
THOMAS GEORGE STEVENS, Engineer Esther Villa, Swanscombe, Kent, and
JOSEPH BAKER Engineer and Cooper 6 Sunset View, Knockhall Chase
Greenhithe, Kent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of our invention is to make a cask or barrel, with staves partly
tongued & grooved at the centre, and tapering off to a plain surface at the ends,
each stave being constructed to form a bulged shaped cask. It also relates to
hooping casks for cement and other dry goods by dispensing with a number of
wooden chime hoops instead of which we place on each end of the cask a broad
iron hoop. These iron hoops are placed partly on the ends when for stock. When
for use the hoops are driven flush with the ends thus making the cask tight. Instead
of fitting the heads in the usual way with lining or internal hoops, a groove or
croze is formed at one end to take the bottom head. The upper end is recessed to
take the top head which is held in with one outside lining hoop.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1892.
T. G. STEVENS.
JOSEPH BAKER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Casks or Barrels.
We, THOMAS GEORGE STEVENS, Engineer, Esther Villa, Swancombe, Kent,
and JOSEPH BAKER, Engineer and Cooper, 6 Sunset View, Knockhall Chase,
Greenhithe, Kent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In making casks or barrels we employ staves which are tongued and grooved so
as to interlock the one with the other.
This interlocking we employ to keep the staves in place and to form tight joints
over the central part or bulge of the cask but we do not cause the interlocking to
extend to the ends of the cask, for here the hoops are amply sufficient to keep the
staves in place and the presence of tongues upon the staves would give rise to much
difficulty in closing the cask.
When making casks in this manner we are enabled to dispense with some of the
hoops usually employed; consequently we provide only one hoop at each end of
the cask.
We use iron hoops somewhat deeper than usual and when the cask is first closed
When the cask is
we leave the hoops projecting beyond the ends of the staves.
packed the hoops are driven home flush with the ends of the staves which renders
the cask tight to hold dry goods notwithstanding any shrinkage which may have
taken place whilst the cask has remained in store.
At the open end of the cask which when the cask has been packed receives the
head a ledge is formed for the head to rest on, each stave having a shoulder to
support the head.
When the head is in place a wooden hoop is applied in contact with the head and
it is nailed to the projecting ends of the staves. "In this way the head is easily and

page_text: the drawings annexed
Figure 1 is an elevation and shows the inner side of one of the staves.
Figure 2 is an edge view of the same.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 are transverse sections taken respectively on the lines 3, 34, 4
and 5, 5 in Figure 2.
In Figure 5 two other staves are also shown in the relative positions they occupy
in the finished cask.
Figure 6 is a section showing full size a portion of the lower end of the cask in
the state in which the cask would be kept in store and before the bottom hoop has
been driven home.
Figure 7 is a section showing full size a portion of the upper end of the cask
with the end hoop driven home after packing.
Figures 8 shew to a reduced scale a plan and section of the head of the
cask.
a is the tongue on one side of the stave, it gradually decreases and dies away
as the ends of the stave are approached. 6 is the corresponding groove on the
other side of the stave. c is the groove to receive the bottom. d is the shoulder
upon which the head of the cask is to rest. The stave has the taper requisite to give
the desired bulge in the middle of the cask. In Figures 6 and 7 ee are the end
hoops and these are the only hoops which the cask needs. These hoops are broader
than usual so that when the cask is first made they may be left projecting somewhat
beyond the ends of the staves. When the cask is packed the hoops are readily
driven home by blows with a mallet and so any shrinkage which may have taken
place is taken up and the cask made tight.
In place of using iron hoops we may employ broad wooden hoops.
is a portion of the bottom of the cask and g is part of the head.
The head rests upon the shoulder d. The wooden hoop h is put in over the head
and is fastened by nails as is shown.
In making these casks we employ the machine described in the Specification of
our Patent No. 13842 in the year 1891. The staves to the number required are
assembled in the usual way to form a "raise" and they are fired. Then when the
staves are in a pliable state the raise is brought to the machine and the two ends of
the cask are closed simultaneously.
During the closing or trussing operation the cask stands upon the platform of the
machine and upon this also the cask bottom is supported in such a position that as
the staves are drawn together the bottom is caught by its edges in the groove
prepared for it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Casks or barrels substantially as described formed of staves tongued and
grooved together in the central part or bulge but not so near the heads or ends.
2. Casks or barrels substantially as described formed of staves tongued and
grooved together in the central part or bulge and confined at the ends with broad
hoops which project beyond the staves until finally driven home.
3. Casks or barrels substantially as described with heads resting upon shoulders
formed upon the staves and fastened with an inside hoop of wood nailed over the
head and with a hoop on the outside confining the stave ends.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1893.
T. G. STEVENS.
J. BAKER.