IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS CAPABLE OF BEING USED FOR CASTINGS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jospeh Julius Sachs, of Sunbury, in the County of
Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS CAPABLE OF BEING USED FOR CASTINGS, AND
FOR OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Julius Sachs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1881.
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS, of Sunbury, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS CAPABLE OF BEING
USED FOR CASTINGS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the production of materials or compounds which may
be used as a substitute for metal for castings, and for other useful and ornamental
purposes.
In carrying out my Invention I take slate dust finely ground and well dried and
sulphur (in a melted state), and I mix the two together in the proportion of from
about 40 to 60 parts by weight of sulphur to about 100 parts by weight of slate dust.
To this I add finely pulverized coal (anthracite or other) well dried, in the
proportion of, say, from 3 to 40 per cent. of the weight of the mixed material
(sulphur and slate dust), the proportion being regulated according to the degree of
hardness and metallic lustre required. The coal dust and slate dust may be
mixed together first and added to the melted sulphur.
In some cases, in order to produce a more metallic lustre I add to the before
inentioned mixed materials plumbago in the proportion of, say, from 1 to 20 per
cent. of the weight of the mixed materials.
In order to produce a material of extreme hardness which can be used for fine
castings, grindstones, and other useful and ornamental purposes where great
hardness and fine polish are required, I add to the slate dust and sulphur, with or
without the addition of coal, emery powder, in the proportion of, say, from 1 to
50 per cent. of the mixed materials.

page_text: For many purposes a compound of sulphur with slate dust alone may
advantageously be used.
Having melted the sulphur and added the slate dust with or without one or more
of the other materials in the proportions before mentioned, I allow the whole to cool,
and remelt the compound body thus produced, whereby I am enabled to add a further
quantity of slate dust with or without the other material or materials without the
addition of any more sulphur. I may then allow the compound to cool and again
remelt it, adding more of the slate dust with or without the other material or
materials, and this process may be repeated as many times as required, whereby
a product is obtained of greater fineness and hardness, and possessing more
metallic.properties.
A great saving in the consumption of sulphur is moreover effected by the
remelting operations, producing not only economy in the cost of the product, but
also diminishing the tendency to the crystallizing out of the sulphur, and rendering
the product less combustible.
The product may be used for casting purposes, as, for the filling up of printing
and other rollers, for grinding stones (where emery is used), for gas, water, and drain
pipes, for embedding railway sleepers and for other foundations, for producing
rollers for printing, embossing, and other purposes, also for the production of type,
for lining cisterns, and as a substitute for asphaltum when used in the construction
of ships, and in footways, also as a substitute for cements for joining wood, stone,
or other materials, and for purposes where a material capable of resisting the action
of acid, is used, also for picture frames, for the production of casts from chromo
gelatine photographs (for example), the said casts being used for ornamental
purposes, or for the production of copies or impressions by the electro-type or
other suitable process.
It may also be employed for other useful and ornamental
purposes.
The castings may be cooled in a vacuum or partial vacuum.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said Joseph Julius Sachs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
January 1882.
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS, of Sunbury, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS OR COMPOUNDS CAPABLE OF BEING
USED FOR CASTINGS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES."
My said Invention relates to the production of materials or compounds which may
be used as a substitute for metal for castings, and for other useful and ornamental
purposes.
In carrying out my said Invention I take slate dust finely ground and well
dried and sulphur in a melted state, and I mix the two together in the proportion
of from about eighty parts by weight of sulphur to about one hundred parts by
weight of slate dust, to this I add finely pulverized coal (anthracite or other) well
dried (or instead of coal I may take some other coloring material, as lamp or
mineral black) in the proportion of, say, from three to forty per cent. of the weight
of the mixed material (sulphur and slate dust), the proportion being regulated
according to the degree of hardness and metallic lustre required. The coal dust or
its equivalent and slate dust may be mixed together first and added to the melted
sulphur.
In some cases, in order to produce a more metallic lustre I add to the before
mentioned mixed materials plumbago in the proportion of, say, from one to twenty
per cent. of the weight of the mixed materials.
In order to produce a material of extreme hardness which can be used for fine
castings, grindstones, and other useful and ornamental purposes where great
hardness and fine polish are required, I add to the slate dust and sulphur, with or
without the addition of coal or coloring material, emery powder, in the proportion
of, say, from one to fifty per cent. of the mixed materials.
For many purposes a compound of sulphur with slate dust alone may
advantageously be used.
Having melted the sulphur and added the slate dust with or without one or
more of the other materials, I allow the whole, to cool, and remelt the compound
body thus produced, whereby I am enabled to add a further quantity of slate dust
with or without the other material or materials, without the addition of any more
sulphur. I may then allow the compound to cool and again remelt it adding more
of the slate dust with or without the other material or materials, and this process
may be repeated as many times as required whereby a product is obtained of
greater fineness and hardness, and possessing more metallic properties.
A great saving in the consumption of sulphur is moreover effected by the
remelting operations, producing not only economy in the cost of the product, but
also diminishing the tendency to the cystallizing out of the sulphur, and rendering
the product less combustible.
Instead of coal dust or plumbago I may use any other coloring matter or pigment,
as lamp black or mineral black, or other mineral substances, according to the
color of material I require to obtain. Thus in order to obtain a brown or red metal,
I substitute Venetian red or Indian red, or some similar pigment for the black or
coal dust.
It is obvious that the proportions may vary very greatly according to the
purpose for which the material is to be used. Thus for common building or paving
purposes, a mixture of fifty per cent. of sulphur and fifty per cent. of slate dust is
suitable, while for taking cast of chrome gelatine photograph I take about fifty per
cent. of sulphur, forty per cent. of slate dust, ten per cent. of emery or any other bard

page_text: or silicious powder, and to this I add about three parts of the plumbago or one of
the substitutes mentioned. The last proportion is also suitable for cementing fine
work, as it is then melted very thin and fluid. These proportions can be varied
considerably without any considerable difference being observed, therefore I only
give them as types.
The product may be used for casting purposes, as, for the filling up of printing
and other rollers, for grinding stones (where emery is used), for gas, water, and
drain pipes, for embedding railway sleepers and for other foundations, for
producing rollers for printing, embossing, and other purposes, also for the production
of pipes, for lining cisterns, and as a substitute for asphaltum when used in the
construction of ships and in footways, also as a substitute for cements for joining
wood, stone, or other materials, and for purposes where a material capable of
resisting the action of acid, is used also for picture frames, for the production of
casts from chrome gelatine photographs (for example), the said casts being used for
ornamental or useful purposes, or for the production of copies or impressions by
the electro type or other suitable process. It-may also be employed for other useful
and ornamental purposes.
The castings are, by preference, cooled in a vacuum or partial vacuum, as this
gives a more homogeneous casting, free from air bubbles and flaws.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,―
The production of materials or compounds capable of being used for castings and
for other useful and ornamental purposes by the employment of sulphur and slate
dust, either alone or in conjunction with coal dust, or with coal dust and plumbago,
or their equivalent, or with emery or hard or siliceous powder, or with emery or
hard or siliceous powder and coal dust or its equivalent, in conjunction or not with
plumbago or its equivalent, all substantially as herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Julius Sachs, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Third day of January, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.