IM- PROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND DRYING MACHINERY AND APPARATUSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street;
-
in the City of London, EC., Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND DRYING MACHINERY AND APPARATUSES."
A communication from S. Charles, residing at Paris.
Sealed the 28th June 1859, and dated the 30th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
__ on the 30th December 1858.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND DRYING MACHINERY AND APPA
RATUSES," (communicated to me by S. Charles, residing at Paris;) to be as
follows:-
The washing machines are composed with beaters or beaters and rollers, as
hereafter explained. In the most simple form of machine several stampers
are suspended from a cranked axis, which, upon being rotated, causes the
stampers alternately to rise and fall upon the articles to be washed, which are
held in a trough with perforated sides and bottom, the bottom being under
water contained in an outer trough. Under the bottom are 'springs which
have a tendency to force up the inner trough, and greatly assist the washing
operation. Inclined sides may be fitted to. the outer trough, in which the
articles washed may be placed to drain, and they may be also passed between
rollers to express the water after being removed from the trough. Instead of
stampers made to act as above described, beaters may be hinged to the side of
a trough, and may be depressed by weights or springs so as to act upon the

page_text: articles to be washed, which are placed round or upon a cylindrical or
polygonal drum made to rotate in a trough partially filled with water.
The
drum is furnished at intervals with cams or cam-like projections to raise the
beaters at intervals. In all cases the stampers and beaters may have brushes
attached to them. In some cases a grooved cylinder is made to press upon the
articles being washed after passing from under the beaters.
Another arrangement of machinery for washing in which rubbing and
beating are exerted. consists of a shallow box or tray partially filled with
water, and intended to contain the articles to be washed, which box is made to
slide to and fro on rollers. Across the tray and inside it there is a plain or
fluted roller which is made to rotate. while spring beaters, with arms worked
by a star wheel or otherwise. are brought to bear upon the articles at another
part of the travel of the tray.
A necessary adjunct to a washing machine is a means of drying the articles
washed, as that cannot always be conveniently effected in the open air.
The Inventor constructs a drying chamber composed of light frames hinged
together in a manner similar to the uniting of the flaps of a screen. The
frames are covered with cloth rendered water and fire proof, or other
suitable light material. A number of these frames is brought together so as
to form a chamber between or an enclosed space between them and a wall;
frames of similar material are placed over the top, spaces being left between
them to allow of evaporation. The articles to be dried are suspended within
the enclosed space. The enclosure is heated by a stove, and the heat being
confined. the articles dry readily. Or the Inventor constructs a simple cen
trifugal drying apparatus. by fixing an openwork drum on a vertical spindle,
to which rotary motion is communicated by means of an endless worm and
worm wheel. A screen is fixed outside of the drum to intercept the water, and
as a protection from accident.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th June 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, E.C.,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING AND
DRYING MACHINERY AND APPARATUSES," (communicated to me by S. Charles
residing at Paris,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, that is to say:
The washing machines are composed with beaters or beaters and rollers, as
hereafter explained. In the most simple form of machine several stampers
are suspended from a cranked axis, which, upon being rotated, causes the
stampers alternately to rise and fall upon the articles to be washed, which are
held in a trough with perforated sides and bottom, the bottom being under
water contained in an outer trough. Under the bottom are springs, which
have a tendency to force up the inner trough, and greatly assist the washing
operation. Inclined sides may be fitted to the outer trough, on which the
articles washed may be placed to drain, and they may be also passed between
rollers to express the water after being removed from the trough. Instead of
stampers made to act as above described, beaters may be hinged to the side of
a trough, and may be depressed by weights or springs so as to act upon the
articles to be washed, which are placed round or upon a cylindrical or
polygonal drum made to rotate in a trough partially filled with water. The
drum is furnished at intervals with cams or cam-like projections to raise the
bealers at intervals. In all cases the stampers and beaters may have brushes

page_text: attached to them. In some cases a grooved cylinder is made to press upon the
articles being washed after passing from under the beaters.
Another arrangement of machinery for washing in which rubbing and
beating are exerted, consists of a shallow box or tray partially filled with
water, and intended to contain the articles to be washed, which box is made to
slide to and fro on rollers. Across the tray and inside it there is a plain or
fluted roller which is made to rotate, while spring beaters with arms worked
by a star wheel or otherwise, are brought to bear upon the articles at another
part of the travel of the tray.
The
A necessary adjunct to a washing machine is a means of drying the articles
washed, as that cannot always be conveniently effected in the open air.
The Invention constructs a drying chamber composed of light frames hinged
together in a manner similar to the uniting of the flaps of a screen.
frames are covered with cloth rendered water and fire proof, or other
suitable light material.. A number of these frames is brought together so as
to form a chamber between or an enclosed space between them and a wall;
frames of similar material are placed over the top, spaces being left between
them to allow of evaporation; the articles to be dried are suspended within
the enclosed space. The enclosure is heated by a stove, and the heat being
confined, the articles dry readily. Or the Inventor constructs a simple cen-
trifugal drying apparatus, by fixing an openwork drum on a vertical spindle,
to which rotary motion is communicated by means of an endless worm and
worm wheel. A screen is fixed outside of the drum to intercept the water, and
as a protection from accident.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings shew in side elevation and
section respectively a machine constructed according to the most simple form
of this Invention. A, B, is the case, which is supported on legs, or it may
rest on rollers to render its transport from place to place easy. This case iś
formed, by preference, of wood lined with zinc. C, D, is a trough corrugated
inside, perforated at bottom, and made in one or more compartments; it is
placed in the case A, B, and rests on springs E fixed to its lower part; G is
a cranked shaft supported by uprights at each end of the machine with a stay
7 in the centre, if necessary; H is a winch handle for communicating motion
to the shaft, and I is a fly wheel keyed thereon. To each crank formed on
the shaft G a beater a is attached; six of these beaters are shewn in the
Drawing, but any number can be fitted according to the size of the machine.
These beaters nearly fill at their lower part the trough C, D, in which the
linen, &c., to be washed is placed. As the winch handle H is turned it
imparts an up-and-down motion to the beaters, which pressing on the cloths

page_text: causes the whole of the dirt to be extracted: the springs E prevents the beaters
from pressing injuriously on the clothes, and at the same time keep the trough
in a proper position; b, b, are levers for regulating the height of the trough
C, D. The beaters a, a, may be shod, if desired, with zinc or other metal,
and may be fluted or not; if desired. also they may be furnished with
brushes.
Figures 3 and 4 are views in section of another arrangement of washing
machine, in which the Inventor employs a cylindrical or polygonal drum. A is
the drun on a shaft C, which carries at each end (or only at one) a crank
or winch handle for communicating a rotary motion to the drum; B is a
beater hinged to a cross pièce, which is attached to the outer case D, D. As
many of these beaters as may be deemed necessary are employed. R is a spring
attached to the case pressing on the beater, as shewn; e, e, are cams or pro-
As the drum revolves in
jections fixed to a frame formed round the drum A.
the direction indicated by the arrow, the clothes or linen are carried round by
the projections e, e, through the water in the case to the beaters B, and so on
until the whole of the dirt is extracted. G, Figure 4, is a cylinder (shewn in
the Drawing fluted, but it may have an even surface if desired), which has
a rotary motion imparted to it through a pulley and strap or endless chain.
This cylinder acts in combination with the beaters for extracting the dirt from
the linen.
Figure 5 is another arrangement of a washing machine.
A is a shallow
This box has a to-and-fro
chain, or by a jointed rod
box or tray which holds the water and the clothes to be washed, resting on
rollers a, a, supported upon a table or bed T.
motion imparted to it by means of an endless
connected to a crank on the fly wheels E; B is a cylinder placed on one side
of the tray, which may be fluted or not, as desired; D is a star wheel on a
shaft, which carries a pulley round which a strap passes to a pulley on the
As the tray moves, the
shaft which carries the cylinder B; C is a beater.
clothes are drawn under the cylinder, and receive blows from the beater C
each time the projections on the star wheel D touch it; a spring returns the
beater ready for the next blow.
In order to carry on the washing and rinsing operations with hot water, the
Invention employs an apparatus of the description illustrated at Figur 6. A
is a copper or boiler over a furnace or fire-place B; C, C, are pipes furnished
with taps a, a, placed in communication with the machine, illustrated at
Figures and 2. The tubes or pipes C, C, establish a communication between
the boiler and the washing machine, so that the water in the boiler heats that
in the machine, whilst the taps a, a, regulate its flow and the degree of tem-

page_text: perature required.
The same arrangement can he applied to any kind of
boilers, where, for instance, it is considered useful or necessary to boil the
clothes.
The arrangements just described are particularly useful on board ship, and
where it is necessary to economize fuel and water.
Figure 7 is a view in section of the centrifugal apparatus the Inventor
employs for drying clothes. a is a spindle working in a socket at the bottom
of the apparatus, which carries an openwork drum b. The spindle a is
furnished with an endless screw c gearing into a pinion on a shaft e, worked
by a winch handle / or other suitable power; g is a casing of brickwork, and h
is a metal casing. The clothes to be dried are placed upon the openwork
drum, and the apparatus is set in motion by means of the winch handle.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the employment in washing machines of beaters or stampers which
are alternately made to rise and fall upon the articles to be washed, which are
held in a spring trough or case, as herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Second, the employment in washing machines of a cylindrical or polygonal
drum made to rotate in a trough partially filled with water, in the manner
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
Third, the arrangement of machinery for washing, herein-before described
and illustrated at Figure 5 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fourth, the construction of a drying chamber composed of light frames
hinged together in the manner herein-before described.
And, fifth, the construction of a centrifugal drying apparatus, as herein-
before described and illustrated in Figure 7 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, f, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of June, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-nine.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)