SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LANDS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Joseph Ferdinand Marmet, of 2, Rue Sainte
Appoline, Paris, France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, for
the Invention of "SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LANDS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Joseph Ferdinand
Marmet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition,
on the 19th November 1862. .
I, HENRY JOSEPH FERDINAND MARMET, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris,
France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in various improvements applied to lamps burning
heavy and light oils, schist; and vegetable oils, and with one or two currents
of air...
In the American lamps with one current of air, the heat of the flame
causes the liquid to dilate, and produces gases from which disastrous results
may arise. To avoid them; I place the wick in a tube which extends nearly
to the lower part of the oil recipient. Up to the present time to fill these lamps
it was necessary to raise the wick holder; I have made in the side of the oil

page_text: recipient a small opening through which the liquid is introduced; this opening
is closed by a stopper provided with a small hole to avoid any pressure in the
interior of the lamp. To regulate the wick I employ two corrugated cylinders
between which passes the wick guided in a sheath; the wick holder also
serves to hold the glass; it is raised by a screw on the lamp. To obtain the
regular feeding of the lamp and to avoid overheating of the liquid, I place
a second wick on the first or I fold the one to be burned so as to double the
part which remains in the oil recipient and which dips in the liquid. For
lamps with a double current of air I can also add a round wick resting on
the wick to be burned or turn down the lower extremity of the burning wick.
so as to increase the capillary action. In the lamps with an interior current of
air I have the oil recipient separated from the tube in which the wick rises;
I render moveable the metal disk placed in the middle of the flame which may
be regulated by acting on the disk by a lever placed at the lower part of the
lamp. This lever allows of suddenly closing the round canal of the lamp
which
in extinguishing it avoids, all the smoke and disagreeable odors which
escape from other lamps. I employ a float in the interior of the oil recipient
to prevent the oscillations of the liquid when the lamp is moved. I place a
moveable plate at the bottom of the lamp to receive the drippings which might
occur during the burning & facilitate the current of air...
cft ful
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Joseph Ferdinánd Marmet in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, HENRY
JOSEPH FERDINAND MARMET, of 2, Rue Sainte- Appoline, Paris, Empire of
France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Joseph Ferdinand Marmet, Her special licence that I, the said
Henry Joseph Ferdinand Marmet, my executors, administrators; and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Joseph Ferdinand Marmet, my-executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term 'therein expressed,

page_text: should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "SOME IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LAMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Joseph
Ferdinand Marmet, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly:
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Joseph Ferdinand Marmet, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My improvements in lamps with a round nozzle consist, first, in the intro-
duction of a double current of interior air a, Fig. 1, separating the oil recipient b
from the tube k in which the wick rises, in order that the heat of the flame
should not affect the oil recipient, and at the same time to produce a lamp
not liable to overturn, upset, or explode, which is economical and inodorous: (a
small pipe v placed in the lower part of the lamp). serves for the passage of the
oil necessary for the feeding of the wick.
Secondly, in a small opening d placed on the top of the oil recipient for the
introduction of the oil or other liquid (a small air hole x is made in the stopper
which closes the said opening)..
Thirdly, in a moveable disc l, which is made to play by means of a small
lever placed on the lower part of the lamp which allows of regulating at
pleasure the intensity of the light and also of suddenly closing the round tube
of the wick when it is wished to extinguish the lamp, which stops at the same
time the disagreeable smell which generally escapes from other lamps when
extinguished above.
Fourthly, in the placing of a float r in the interior of the oil recipient to
prevent the oscillations of the liquid when the lamp is moved.
:
Fifthly, in a wick holder or ring k³ of which the rack o is worked by means
of a small pinion p, which slides in a sheath or case in such a manner as to
prevent the teeth cutting the wick.
Sixthly, in a cylinder screwed on, shewn at k", for facilitating the intro-
duction and placing of the wicks.

page_text: Seventhly, in the introduction of an outside wick enveloping the lower part
of the burning wick ", by which the apparatus is capable of burning equally
well either heavy or light oils by constantly feeding the wick, whatever may
be the duration of the combustion.
Eightly, in a moveable plate s placed in the lower part of the lamp to
receive the droppings falling during the combustion, and to facilitate the
purifying of the interior current of air.
From the first introduction of what are called American lamps with flat
wicks, I have sought out the cause of the impairment of the flame after having
burned for several hours, and of the explosions which occasionally take place
with these lamps. I have found that the method of raising the wick was bad,
that the feeding was incomplete, that the heat of the flame caused by a bad
construction of nozzle occasioned a new distillation of liquid, the formation of
an inflammable gas either during the burning or on extinguishing.
In order to remedy these grave inconveniences, I have invented a new
nozzle embracing all the desired improvements which can be applied to all the
forms of oil recipients even to gas apparatuses, see Figures 6 and 7, and can
burn equally well either heavy or light oils.
These improvements represented in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, are characterized,
first, by the formation of two small fluted cylinders m and n¹, placed on each
side of the wick acting like two moveable pullies turning in a reverse direction
and giving passage to it without either pressure or alteration; secondly, in
increasing the length of the wick tube h to the lower part of the oil recipient,
Figures 2 and 3, a round wick a' enveloping the burning wick a, or by folding
over the burning wick on itself, as in Figures 4 and 5 to serve also as a steady
wick for feeding the burning part for supplying the liquid necessary for the
combustion in the case where the recipient is not full enough or too far off
from the nozzle of the lamp; thirdly by a small mouth-piece d placed on the
side of the recipient for introducing the oil without being obliged to unscrew
the nozzle as also shewn in Fig. 1, a small air hole is made in the stopper
closing the mouth-piece.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down, but what I
claim is,-
First, the construction of all systems of lamps and nozzles after the various
arrangements herein described and represented in the annexed Drawing, these
various arrangements being employed either alone or combined.

page_text: Secondly, the various combinations and apparatuses herein described,
reserving to myself the right of varying the forms and dimensions of the
same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Joseph Ferdinand Marmet, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
H. J. F. MARMET. (L.S.)