CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
MOORE, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirtieth day of September, in the eleventh year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Moore, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Thomas Moore, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said Thomas Moore, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the
said Thomas Moore, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Patent, as in and

page_text: by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Moore, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereto annexed, and the following
explanation thereof (that is to say):-
-
My improvements in looms for weaving consist, firstly, in the adaptation
of certain mechanical contrivances for the purpose of allowing the warp
threads to become slack whenever the shuttle is absent from both shuttle
boxes at the time the reed or slay "beats up" the cloth, thus preventing the
injury that would otherwise occur to the warp threads in consequence of the
reed beating up with the shuttle in the shed of the warp.
Secondly, in certain novel methods of applying breaks and friction pulleys
for the purpose of stopping the loom when necessary.
In the Drawing accompanying these Presents, (which is drawn to a scale of
about two inches to a foot), Figure 1 is a side elevation of part of an ordinary
loom, shewing the first part of my improvements as applied thereto. A, A, is
the main framing of the loom; B, B, the yarn beam; C, C, the healds or
harness; and D, D, the lathe or slay; E is the breast beam; and F, the cloth
roller; the crank shaft is shewn at G, and the fly-wheel at H; a, a, is a small
lever projecting into the shuttle box and connected with the stop-rod. When
the shuttle is, in the box the top part of the lever is pushed back, by which
means the lower part is raised so as to pass clear of the circular disc or
tumbler b; when the shuttle is not in either box, the lower part of the lever
remains down, and on the slay coming forward strikes against a notch in the
tumbler b, turning it partially round; an inclined projection c on the tumbler b
then pushes sideways the lever d, releasing it from a notch in the fixture.e,
when, by the action of its spring, it is brought forward in a grove to the front
part of the fixture-e, as shewn in Fig 2; (which is a side elevation of the loom,
with the warp thrown loose, and the loom..stopped); another lever f is fixed to
the lever d, and-moves forward with it, striking the stud g on the spring handle
h of the loom, thus causing the strap to be thrown upon the loose pulley, as in
the ordinary loom; the lever f is also connected by a moveable joint to the
link i, which is keyed fast upon a stud j, to which is also fixed the lever 1,
which carries the back bearer k, over which the yarn passes. By the forward
motion of the lever f, the link i, and the lever, carrying the back bearer k,
are caused to make part of a revolution on the centre pin j, as shewn in Fig. 2.

page_text: By this means, the yarn, passing over the back rod k, is allowed to become
slack, as is also the cloth between the slay and breast beam, so that when the
slay beats up with the shuttle in the shed, the yarn and cloth, being both left
slack, escape without injury. In order to put the loom again into working
order, the handle of the lever m is raised by the weaver bringing the upper
end of it in contact with the stud m* fixed on the lever f, which is thus pushed
back into its original position, bearing along with it the lever d, until it again
catclies into the notch of the fixture e. A break for the purpose of stopping
the loom may be conveniently worked from the centre pin or stud j by means
of a small excentric-n fixed thereon: The excentric-n being carried partly
round by the stud, when the lever figoes forward, its point presses against the
back of the break o, holding the leather on the inside of the break against the
periphery of the fly-wheel H, and thereby stopping the loom immediately.
The break may be applied in the same manner without the falling-back. rod!
as shewn in Fig. 3; in which a is the tumbler or disc; 6 is a lever moving
horizontally on a stud, having a projection c, which is pushed aside by the
projection on the tumbler a when the tumbler' is turned round by the stop-rod
lever; d is a catch, the upper end of which is notched, and overlaps the lever b
a little, resting upon it, its lower end being fast to the lever-e, and bearing the
lever up so long as the catch rests upon the lever v; when the lever bis pushed
aside by the inclined projection on the tumbler as the catch being no longer
supported allows the lever é to fall; which; working on its centre f, and bearing
at its other end the spur quadrant g, turns the small excentric' n' by means of
the spur segment h attached to it. This excentric acts on the break o, in the
same manner as explained for Fig. 2. -
Another method of applying the break to looms in which the common
sliding frog is 'used is shewn at Fig. 4. In this instance; the excentric' n`
is actuated by the rack a, at the end of the lever b, which is connected
to the frog: c. The break may be applied to any of the above described
motions in the manner shewn in Fig. 5; the leather being fastened to a
spring of steel or any other flexible metal q; fastened at one end to a fixed
stud r, and at the other to a small pulley or rollers, which takes the place
of the excentric' in the preceding Figures 3' and 4. As the pulley is turned
round, the end of the spring is wound round it, drawing up the other part of
the spring, so as to bring the leather in contact with the fly-wheel H, and thus
stop the loom.
The action of the break may be assisted and rendered more effective, by
driving the loom in the manner shewn in the plan view, Fig. 6; in which a

page_text: represents the fly-wheel, bearing a friction pulley h covered with leather;
this pulley and the fly-wheel are keyed fast on the shaft of the loom;
c is the pulley on which the strap is placed, working locse on the crank
shaft; it is turned slightly taper on the inside to receive the pulley b, which
is taper on the outside; d is a groove in the boss of the pulley c. When
the handle of the loom f is off, as shewn in the Drawing, the fork d, acting in
the groove, draws back the pulley c from the leather pulley b, thus immediately
disconnecting the driving pulley from the crank shaft. When the handle of
the loom is thrown on, the fork e carries the pulley c upon the leather roller
b, and the loom is turned by the friction between these two pulleys. These
friction pulleys may be applied as a break, as shewn in the plan view, Fig. 7, in
which a is the fly wheel; b, a pair of common strap pulleys; c, a pulley
attached. to the fly-wheel, turned taper on the inside; d, a leather friction pulley
taper on the outside. The pulley d slides on two studs e (which also prevent
it from turning round), and has a square boss f, which is loose upon the crank
shaft. In each side of this boss an inclined groove is cut to receive the two
ends of a fork attached to a lever g; this lever works on a stud at h, and is
moved by the tumbler in the same way as the lever e in Fig. 3, and when it
falls it carries with it the fork working in the groove of the boss f. The lever
sides of the inclined prongs of the fork, acting against the inside of the groove,
push the leather d into the pulley c, and thus the loom is stopped immediately.
When the lever g is raised, the leather pulley will be withdrawn.
Another method of applying the break, by means of the common sliding
frog, is shewn in Fig. 8. a is the common frog; b is the fly-wheel; c, a lever
fixed to the frog, and having at its other end the cross bar d; this cross bar
has at each end a pine working in the inclined grooves at the end of the
two breaks f; these breaks work on a stud 9, and it is evident that when the
frog a is pushed forward by the stop-rod lever (marked a in Figs. 1 and 2),
it will draw with it the lever c and cross bar d. By this means the two studs e,
working in the inclined grooves, will draw the ends of the breaks together,
and hold them tight around the wheel b, thus stopping the action of the loom
instantaneously.
Having now described the nature and object of my said improvements, I
would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the method of preventing the injury to the warp threads or cloth
(occasioned by the reed beating up with the shuttle in the shed of the warp,)
by allowing the warp threads to become slack whenever the shuttle is absent
from both boxes at once.

page_text: Secondly, I claim the peculiar construction of the breaks, and the various
methods of applying the same, as shewn in the Drawings, and herein-before
more particularly described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Moore, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.