IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS PRO
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Willford of Sheffield in the County of
York for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Willford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1883.
GEORGE WILLIAM WILLFORD of Sheffield in the County of York "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLATE
OR LEAF SPRINGS
"
"
This Invention relates to machinery for the manufacture of "plate" or "leaf"
Springs from what are known as 'forged" plates that is to say Plates which are
shaped punched and otherwise prepared for bending and further relates to
improvements on the Invention for which I obtained Letters Patent N° 1155
bearing date the 22nd day of March A.D. 1879
The object of this Invention is to construct a spring plate bending machine
(with a hardening tank) by which more work can be turned out in a given time
than by the machine constructed according to my above named former Patent
as in a machine constructed according to my present Invention one set of plates
can be hardened at the same time that a second set is being bent ready for
hardening
A machine constructed according to my present Invention consists of a pressure
Cylinder piston and rod with a pair of dies of novel construction the upper die
and crosshead being connected to the piston rod by a removeable cotter or bolt or
equivalent connection die resting on a central platform fixed over a tank-The
upper die has a vertical reciprocating motion imparted to it by the piston and rod
for the purpose of bending the set of Spring plates and the lower die has a horizontal
reciprocating notion imparted to it by screw gearing and hard wheel or their
equivalents for the purpose of carrying away or sliding the pair of dies crosshead and
set of bent spring plates from under the piston rod on to one or other of two
moving tables the said tables having vertical reciprocating motion in the tank
aforesaid oue table being on each side of the central fixed platform aforesaid and

page_text: being actuated by suitable means as for example by rams or rods or the like by
hydraulic or other equivalent pressure in Cylinders fixed to the bottom of the said
tank for the purpose of taking down the top and bottom die cross head and set of
bent spring plates into the water to harden them and raise them after hardening
the said pair of dies being so constructed that by them the bent spring plates are
set up or separated from one another except at their extreme ends for the purpose
of allowing free access of water between each plate to harden them uniformly at
the same time that the plates are held securely in the dies at their extreme ends
only for the purpose of preventing the plates "twisting" scallering" or getting
out of shape in the process of hardening-The novel construction of the top die
consists essentially of a pair of geared eccentrics to which are connected a right
and a left "Camber" plate or "stud" plate which by the partial rotation of the
said eccentrics are moved inwards and upwards simultaneously the studs or stops
carried by the said plates being so placed as to fit on to the top of and (by means
of a projecting stud thereon) up to and against the ends of the spring plates when
the said stud plates are moved inwards and upwards for the purpose of setting up
the curved plates clear of each other except at their extreme ends their extreme
ends being firmly held by the said studs or stops for the purpose of preventing the
plates scallering twisting or getting out of shape
The bottom die is fitted with a right and left camber plates connected with
foundation plates by adjusting screws and these are lowered by means of a pair
of geared eccentrics actuated by a spanner or hand wheel fitted on to a square on
the spindle of one of the said eccentrics for the purpose of allowing a clear course
for the water to get under the "back" or bottom plate of the set of spring plates.
A novel arrangement of distance pieces or packing pieces for separating the plates
from one another in the centre consists of a vertical spindle with dies or
projections placed eccentrically thereon this spindle being connected to the top
cross head and having a bearing in or on the bottom plate of the lower die and
being rotated by and simultaneously with the lowering of the bottom die by means
of a worm on the shaft of the eccentric geared into a worm wheel into which the
ends of the said spindle fits.
For narrow spring plates one set of discs on a spindle will be sufficient but for
broad plates a set of discs on spindle as above described will be fitted to each side
of the dies one set being an exact counterpart of the other.
Another construction of distance pieces or packing pieces to be used with some
description of spring plates consists of a set of taper prongs with screwed stems
bolted to a slotted frame with a handle screwed to the slotted frame by the
screwed blocks.
In using this machine the crosshead with the top die is raised and the set of
straight spring plates is placed on the Camber-plates of the bottom die and the
piston rod with the Crosshead is forced down by the pressure of the steam or
equivalent pressure in the Cylinder and the straight spring plates are thereby bent
the top crosshead is then secured to the bottom plate of the lower die by the
cotters one of the eccentric shafts of the top die is turned from-right to left and at
the same time the other eccentric shaft of the said top is turned from left to right
by the spur wheels and the Camber-plates are drawn inwards and upwards
simultaneously the projecting studs bearing against the extreme ends of the bent
spring plates cause the said plates to set up clear of one another in the centre-To
lower the bottom die plates one of the eccentric shafts of the lower die is turned
from left to right by which movement the other eccentric shaft of the said lower
dye is turned from right to left by the spur wheels the eccentric cams acting on
the lower sides of the slots in the moving die plates the lowering of the bottom die
leaving a space between the Camber plates and the bottom plate of the set of
spring plates. The set of spring plates are now in a proper position for lowering
into the water tank to be hardened as there is a space between each of the plates
and under the bottom plates for the water to pass between and under them the
forms of the studs allowing free access of the water to the upper face of the top

page_text: plate thus ensuring each plate being hardened uniformly throughout. To move
the set of bent spring plates on to one of the lowering tables the cotter bolt is
drawn out of the Cross head and piston rod and the said rod is raised the bottom
plate is moved preferably by worm gearing on to the said lowering table by
turning the worm gearing so that the said bottom plate with the Crosshead and
bent spring plates are moved on to the said lowering table the pressure is let out
of Cylinder to the plunger of which the table is attached and the said table and
the spring and dies will descend into the tank. The other moving table will then
be raised level with the fixed platform and a second set of dies with Crosshead
complete placed thereon and by the worm gearing this second set of dies and
crosshead will be brought upon the fixed platform directly under the piston rod
which will be lowered and connected to the Crosshead by the cotter bolt-the
crosshead and top dies will be raised by the action of the steam in the Cylinder―
A second set of straight spring plates will be placed on the camber plates of the
lower die and will be curved and set up clear of each other as above described
with reference to the first set of spring plates the Cotter bolt will be removed and
the piston rod raised the top and bottom dies crosshead and set of spring plates
will be moved by the worm gearing back onto the lowering table and will be
lowered into the tank by releasing the pressure from under the cam of that table.
The first set of spring plates on the other lowering table in the bottom of the
tank being by this time hardened, hydraulic pressure will be let into the Cylinder
of that table by which the cam and moving table will be raised level with the
fixed platform, the dies and crosshead will be brought by the worm gearing
directly under the piston rod on the fixed platform the said piston rod will be
lowered into the crosshead and the Cotter bolt placed in position.
By the introduction of steam into the lower part of the Cylinder the piston rod
with the cross head and top dies will be raised and the hardened spring plates will
be removed the top Camber plates and the bottom die plates will be returned to
their normal positions by the rotation of their eccentric shafts by which the
machine will be placed in readiness for a repetition of the above described
operation of bending and hardening a set of spring plates. The top and bottom
dies are secured together with the spring between them by Cotter pins and Cotters
which latter are removed to allow of the raising of the top die for the insertion
and removal of the spring.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George William Willford in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th November 1883.
15 IMPROVE-
GEORGE WILLIAM WILLFORD of Sheffield in the County of York
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLATE
OR LEAF SPRINGS
,,
"
This Invention relates to machinery for the manufacture of "plate" or "leaf"
springs from what are known as 'forged" plates that is to say plates which are
shaped punched and otherwise prepared for bending and refers also to improve-
ments upon the Invention for which I the said George William Willford obtained
Letters Patent N° 1155 bearing date the twenty second day of March in the year
of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
The object of this present Invention is to construct a spring plate bending
machine (with a hardening tank) by which more work can be turned out in a
given time than by the machine as ordinarily constructed or as constructed in
accordance with the aforesaid Patent 115579 as in a machine constructed according
to the present Invention one set of plates can be hardened at the same time that a
second set is being bent ready for hardening.
A machine constructed according to the present Invention consists of a pressure
cylinder piston and rod with a pair of dies of novel construction the upper die and
cross-head being connected to the piston rod by a removable cotter or bolt or
equivalent removable connection and the lower die resting on a central platform
fixed over a tank. The upper die has a vertical reciprocating motion imparted to
it by the piston and rod for the purpose of bending the set of spring plates and the
lower die has a horizontal reciprocating motion imparted to it by screw gearing
and hand wheel or their equivalent for the purpose of carrying away or sliding the
pair of dies cross head and set of bent spring plates from under the piston rod on
to one or other of two moving tables the said tables having vertical reciprocating
motion in the tank aforesaid one table being on each side of the central fixed
platform aforesaid and being actuated by suitable means, as for example by rams
or pistons and rods or the like in cylinders fixed at the bottom of the said tank and
acted upon by hydraulic or other equivalent pressure for the purpose taking down
the top and bottom dies, cross head and set of bent spring plates into the water to
harden them and of raising them after hardening, the said pair of dies being so
constructed, that by them the bent spring plates are set up or separated from one
another except at their extreme ends for the purpose of allowing free access of
water between each plate to harden all the plates uniformly at the same time that
the plates are held securely in the dies at their extreme ends only for the purpose
of preventing the plates "twisting scallering or getting out of shape in the
process of hardening.
"
"
"
35
The novel construction of the top die consists essentially of a pair of geared
eccentrics to which are connected a right and a left "camber
plate or "stud "
plate which by the partial rotation of the said eccentrics are moved inwards and
upwards simultaneously the studs or stops carried by the said plates being so
placed as to fit on to the top of and (by means of the projecting studs thereon) up
to and against the ends of the spring plates when the said stud plates are moved
inwards and upwards for the purpose of setting up the curved plates clear of each
other except at their extreme ends which are firmly held by the said studs or stops
for the purpose of preventing the plates "scallering" twisting or getting out of
shape.

page_text: The bottom die is fitted with a right and a left camber plate, each connected
with a foundation plate by adjusting screws and these are lowered by means of a
pair of geared eccentrics actuated by a spanner or hand wheel fitted on to a square
on the spindle of one of the said eccentrics for the purpose of allowing a clear
course for the water to get under the "back" or bottom plate of the set of spring
plates. A novel arrangement of distance pieces or packing pieces for separating
the plates from one another in the centre consists of a vertical spindle with discs or
projections placed eccentrically thereon, this spindle being connected to the top
cross head and having a bearing in or on the bottom plates of the lower die and
being rotated by and simultaneously with the lowering of the bottom die by means
of a worm on the shaft of the eccentric geared into a worm wheel into which the
end of the said spindle fits.
For narrow spring plates one set of discs on a spindle will be sufficient but for
broad plates a set of discs on a spindle as above described will be fitted to each
side of the dies, one set being an exact counterpart of the other
Another construc-
tion of distance pieces or packing pieces to be used with some description of spring
plates consists of a set of taper prongs with screwed stems bolted to a slotted frame
with a handle secured to the slotted frame by screwed blocks.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the saine letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a back elevation with part of the nearest tank plate removed
Figure 2 is an end view with part of the nearest tank plate removed-Figure 3 is
a plan or top view of a machine constructed or arranged according to my Invention.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan at or about the top of the tank showing the fixed
central platform and the two side tables and the two horizontal screws with gearing
wheels and hand wheel-Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 are enlarged views of the crosshead
and top and bottom dies. Figure 5 is a front view and Figure 6 is a back view in
elevation Figure 7 is a plan or top view thereof and Figure 8. is a plan view as
taken through the dotted line Y Z (Figure 5) with part of the Camber plates 1ª
and 1B and slotted die B, B' removed to show the eccentric L L'. Figures 9 10
and 11 are enlarged detail views of the studs or stops which are adjustable by
screws to the camber plate of the dies. Figure 9 is an end view in elevation―
Figure 10 is a plan with the camber plate removed, and Figure 11 is a transverse
vertical section-Figures 12, 13 and 14 are front views in elevation of a set of
spring plates Figure 12 shews the set of plates as first put into the machine.
Figure 13 shews the same set of plates bent or curved and Figure 14 shews the
same set of plates set up or separated from one another ready for lowering into
the tank for hardening. Figure 15 is an enlarged front sectional view in elevation
as taken through the dotted line V W (figure 16) and figure 16 is a transverse
sectional view in elevation of the eccentric shafts L and L³ and camber plates A'
and A shewing the method of securing the said camber plates to the eccentric
shafts. Figure 17 is a side elevation-Figure 18 is a back end in elevation ant
figure 19 is a plan or top view of a set of packing pieces or distance pieces and
frame therefor for setting up the spring plates clear of each other in the centre
while being hardened-Referring to the general figures, G represents the cylinder,
H the piston rod, C the cross head secured to the piston rod H, by a bolt or
cotter M, J. J are the guide bars for the cross head C. K K are the supporting
columns and K' K' are the top and bottom tie plates. E is the tank. N is the
fixed platform on which the bottom die rests. N¹ is a column which supports the
fixed platform N.-O. O are the moving tables and rams.
P. P are the pressure
cylinders having pipes g g' for the admission of water or other medium for giving
the hydraulic or other pressure. The bottom die is constructed as follows D is
the bottom plate or formation plate, B. B¹ the moving die plates, 14 and 1B are the
camber plates supported by adjusting screws 2. 2. (of which there are six shewn
but there may be any other suitable number). X. X'are studs or stops for keeping

page_text: the set of spring plates in position. 3. 3ª are two brackets in which the ends of
the eccentric shafts rotate and which support the said eccentrics and the die
plates B. B¹. The said brackets 3. 34 are bolted to the bottom plate D, the
bracket 3 has a projection 4 on which a worm wheel 13 rotates and to which it is
secured, the said worm wheel having a square hole through the vertical centre
thereof L L' are the two cam shafts or eccentrics geared together by spur
wheels W W₁, the shaft L being constructed at one end with a square to receive a
spanner or the boss of a hand wheel, the said shaft L having fixed thereto a
worm 5,-6, 6 are two screwed bosses secured to the bottom plate D, into which
are screwed cotter pins 7. 7. fitted with cotters 8. 8. to secure the top and bottom
dies and crosshead C together.
The top die is constructed as follows-3B and 3° are two brackets bolted to the
cross head C, in which the eccentric shafts L' L³ rotate. The shaft L is constructed
with a square at one end thereof to receive a spanner or the boss of a hand wheel,
and the said shafts are geared together by the spur wheels W³ and W³ and are
generally similarly arranged to the cam shafts L. L of the bottom die.
The
The bracket 3B has a boss or projection 9. A. A¹ are Camber plates connected to
the cross head C by adjustable set screws or bolts, V V¹ the holes in the said
camber plates through which the said screws pass being slotted longitudinally to
allow of their movement to and from the vertical centre of the machine.
inner end of each of each of the camber plates A A' is secured to the cam shafts or
eccentrics L² L³ by a strap a with a screw stem which passes through the said
camber plates and is fastened with a nut as shewn in figures 15 and 16. The
camber plates A A' are fitted with adjustable studs UU (of which there are shewn
nine in each plate) but there may be any other suitable number these studs are
secured to the camber plates and adjusted for any form of spring by nuts and lock
nuts. By preference the studs U U are of the form shewn in Figures 9. 10 and 11
being curved in cross section and being fitted with projections U' which fit up to
and bear against the extreme ends of the spring plates. In the construction and
application of distance pieces or discs for separating the spring plates the spindle 10
is secured to the boss or projection 9 on the bracket 3 B; this spindle has fixed
therein the required number of eccentric discs 11 (nine are shewn in the drawing)
with distance blocks 15 placed above between and below the said discs 11 to
regulate their position according to the form of spring being made and the thickness
of the plates of which the spring is composed The extreme end of the said
spindle 10 is made taper and square so as to enter and fit securely in the square
hole in the worm wheel 13 (hereinbefore mentioned as being secured to the
bracket 3 of the bottom die), the said spindle with the distance pieces being
secured to the cross-head C by the projection or boss 9 on the bracket 3B so as to
rise and fall with it. The dies and cross head are moved from under the piston
rod H on to the moving tables 001 by the horizontal screws Q Q' the said screws
being rotated by the hand wheel T towards the right or left hand through the two
pairs of bevel wheels R. R¹ and R³ R³ and the shaft S. The bottom plate D of
the lower die is constructed with projections C¹ C³ (one at each end thereof as
shewn in Figure 7) which act as threads and fit into the threads of the screws QQ¹
In the set of distance pieces illustrated by figures 17, 18 and 19, 66 are the prongs
secured to the slotted plate c by nuts d de is the handle secured to the slotted
plate c by screwed studs or distance pieces ff.
In using this machine the cross-head C with the top die is raised, and the set of
straight spring plates shewn at figure 12 is placed on the camber plates 14 and 1B of
the bottom die, the piston rod H with the cross head C and top die is forced down
by the pressure of the steam or equivalent motive agent in the cylinder G, and the
straight spring plates are thereby bent to the form shewn in figure 13; the top
crosshead C is then secured to the bottom plate D of the lower die by the cotters 8, 8,
the eccentric shaft L' is turned from right to left by a spanner or hand wheel
fitted to the square on the end of the shaft, and at the same time the eccentric
shaft L³ is turned from left to right by the spur wheels W and W³; the camber

page_text: plates, A. A', being connected to the said eccentric shafts L³ L³ by the strap
bolt a as shewn in figures 15 and 16, are drawn inwards and upwards simultaneously.
The projecting studs U₁ shewn in figures 9. 10 and 11 by bearing against the extreme
ends of the bent spring plates cause the said plates to set up clear of one another
in the centre as shewn in figure 14. To lower the bottom die plates B. B' the
eccentric shaft L is turned from left to right, by which movement the eccentric
shaft L is turned from right to left by the spur wheels W W, the eccentric
cams acting on the lower sides of the slots in the plates B. B', the lowering
of the bottom die leaving a space between the said camber plates 1A and 1B and the
bottom plate of the set of spring plates. The set of spring plates is now in a
proper position for lowering into the water tank to be hardened, as there is a
space between each of the plates and under the bottom plate for the water to pass
between and under them, the forms of the studs U U' allowing free access for the
water to the upper face of the top plate, thus insuring each plate being hardened
uniformly throughout.
To remove the set of bent spring plates on to one of the moving tables the
cotter bolt M is drawn out of the crosshead and piston rod H and the said rod is
raised, the bottom plate D having its projections c¹ ca geared into the horizontal
screws QQ is moved on to the moving table O by turning the hand wheel T, thus
revolving the said horizontal screws from right to left; and when the said bottom
plate with the cross head and bent spring plates are by this means brought on to
the moving table O the pressure is let out of the cylinder by the pipe g and the
table and ram O will descend to the bottom of the tank.
The moving table O¹ will then be raised level with the fixed platform N, and a
second set of dies with cross head complete placed thereon (the projection c² c³
gearing with the horizontal screws QQ¹) and by the rotation of the hand wheel T
the second set of dies and cross head will be brought directly under the piston
rod H which will then be lowered and connected to the cross head C by the cotter
bolt M, the cotters 8, 8 will be removed and the crosshead and top dies will be
raised by the action of the steam or other motive agent in the cylinder G. A
second set of straight spring plates as shewn in figure 12. will be placed on the
camber plates 14 1³ and will be curved and set up clear of each other as above
described with reference to the first set of spring plates the cotter bolt M being
removed and the piston rod H raised, the top and bottom dies, cross head, and set
of spring plates will be moved by the rotation of the horizontal screws Q Q¹ on to
the moving table O' and will be lowered into the tank by releasing the pressure
from under the ram through the pipe g. The first set of spring plates on the
table O in the bottom of the tank being by this time hardened, hydraulic pressure
will be let into the cylinder P, under the ram O, by which the ram and moving
table will be raised level with the fixed platform N. By the rotation of the hand
wheel T the dies and crosshead will be brought directly (by the screws Q Q¹
engaging with the projections c c³) under the piston rod H on the fixed platform N
the piston rod H will be lowered into the crosshead C and the cotter bolt M placed
in position, the cotters, 8, 8, being removed frees the top cross head and die. By
the introduction of steam into the lower part of the cylinder G the piston rod H
with the cross head C and top dies will be raised and the hardened spring plates
will be removed, the top camber plates A A' and the bottom die plates B B¹ will
be returned to their normal positions by the rotation of their shafts Land L³ as
described by which the machine will be placed in readiness for a repetition of the
above described operation of bending and hardening a set of spring plates-It will
be evident that only one lowering table may be used if desired in place of the two
herein before described.
In figures 2 and 3 I have indicated in dotted lines a modified arrangement of
the table whereby the springs can be removed from the dies and be afterwards
lowered into the tank-The table 1* is mounted upon the rod of the plunger and
carries beneath it guides 2* upon which a carriage 3* can run, the said carriage
having a hinged receiver 4* at front with prongs or tongues 5*. In using this

page_text: arrangement the carriage 3* is run forward towards the dies. the prongs passing
beneath the lowermost spring plate. The dies are separated and the carriage 3* is
run back when the hinged receiver 4* can be turned back and the spring plates be
deposited on the table 1*, they being kept in position if necessary by hinged
bars 6* being turned down upon them-The table is then lowered into the tank 7*
substantially as hereinbefore described. The brackets 8* by which the table 1* is
attached to the rod of the plunger may be capable of being turned on the said rod
so that it can be turned at right angles to the position shown to be lowered into the
tank 7*
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect I would
observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters
Patent is.
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of plate or leaf springs, substantially
as herein before described.
Second. In spring making machines, the employment of a fixed table for carrying
one of the dies whilst the spring is submitted to pressure, in combination with a
movable or lowering table or tables on to which the dies with the spring between
them are moved for lowering into the hardening tank or vessel, substantially as
herein before described.
Third. In spring making machines, the employment of a top die consisting of
camber plates, which are furnished with adjustable stops or studs, and which are
provided with means for moving them inwards and upwards, substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Fourth. In spring making machines, the employment of camber plates and
foundation plates provided with means for actuating them so as to leave a clear
course for the water to get under the back or bottom plates of the spring,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
"
Fifth. In a spring making machine, the combination of a pressure cylinder, G,
piston rod H, crosshead C, plate D, with projections c' and c³, bosses 6. 6., cotter
pins 7. 7., cotters 8. 8., pressure cylinders P. P₁., moving tables and rams O. O¹,
fixed platform N, tank E, horizontal screws Q. Q¹, bevel wheels R R¹ R³ R³, shaft S,
and handwheel T, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. In a spring making machine, the construction of top die consisting of
the combination of eccentric shafts L L³, spur wheels W. W carried by
brackets 3B 3° bolted to a cross head C, strap bolts a a, camber plates, A A¹
provided with studs U. U. and connected to the cross head by bolts V. V¹,
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described with reference to the
accompanying drawings
Seventh. In a spring making machine, the construction of bottom die, consisting
of the combination of a plate D, slotted die plates B B', eccentrics and shafts LL¹,
spur wheels W W, camber plates 1A 1B, set screws 2. 2, and stops X X¹,
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Eighth. In a spring making machine, the distance pieces or packings, consisting
in the combination of a spindle 10, eccentric discs 11., with packings 15, together
with a worm wheel 13 to receive the end of the spindle 10 fitted to the boss 4 on
the bracket 3, connected to the bottom die and gearing with the worm 5 on the
eccentric shaft L and a boss 9 on bracket 3B, to which the upper end of the
spindle 10 is fixed, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings
Ninth. In a spring making machine, the combination of cross head C, camber
plates A A', 14 1B, studs U U', set screws V V', eccentrics L L L L³, strap
bolts a a, spur wheels W W1 W2 W³, die plates B B', distance pieces or packings 6 6,

page_text: frame c with handle ef, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described
with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth. The arrangement of distance or packing pieces or discs 11, and distance
blocks 15, for separating the spring plates, the said arrangement being combined
with the dies so as to receive motion therefrom, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated more particularly in figure 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
Eleventh The arrangement of distance pieces, consisting of taper prongs
connected and combined as herein before described and illustrated in figures 17. 18
and 19 of the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said George William Willford have to this my Specifi-
cation set my hand and seal this nineteenth day of November One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
G W WILLFORD (L.S.)