Improvements in Petroleum Blue-flame Burners for Incandescent Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Petroleum Blue-flame Burners for Incandescent
Lighting and Heating Purposes.
I, MORITZ BERNSTEIN, Merchant, of 6. Brandenburgstrasse, Berlin, in the
Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained,
in and by the following statement:
-
Petroleum glow-light burners heretofore used, have the disadvantage that their
flame does not reach the degree of heat required for producing the proper glowing
effect until after the lapse of from 3 to 5 minutes after ignition. The amount of
heat developed during this comparatively long period is not sufficient to fully
gasify the fuel. A partial development of soot therefore is inevitable, so that the
delicate mantle after being a short time in use is completely covered and clogged
with soot and thus rendered useless. These defects largely account for the fact
that petroleum glow-light burners have not, so far, been of any practical use.
The object of this invention is to efficiently obviate the above disadvantages.
In a burner constructed according to this invention the heat arising from the
flame is, owing to the particular construction of the burner, increased so rapidly,
that the mantle is raised to incandescence almost immediately after ignition, so
that the minute particles of soot, generated during the first few seconds are
instantly consumed before gaining sufficient time to settle in the interior of the
mantle.
A petroleum blue-flame burner of this kind, which may with equal advantage be
employed for incandescent lighting and for cooking and heating purposes (in
the latter case without a mantle) is represented in the accompanying drawing in
which Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a burner, constructed according to this
invention, and Figs. 2, 3 and 4, are detail views thereof.
The burner proper may receive the form of known devices of this kind. In the
drawing a designates the inner and 6 the outer wick tube, c. the wick, d, the wick
adjuster, e the lateral opening through which the internally consumed feed-air is
admitted, f the burner screen, g the chimney gallery, h the chimney and ii the
guide-sockets, in which the guide rods kk, fixed to the gallery g, slide, as the
gallery raised or lowered by any of the known lifting devices for effecting the
ignition of the wick. The lifting device itself is not represented.
In the interior of the wick tube a the central tubular rod is arranged, which is
held in position by means of two sets of three upper and three lower transverse-
arms. Upon the rod a baffle device is mounted which serves for the purpose
of dividing the air of combustion flowing from below through the opening e into
the inner wick-tube a and of simultaneously giving a whirling or circulating
motion to the same. For this purpose, the baffle device consists of a system of
small radially extending longitudinal plates m, the outer edges of which are cut

page_text: in zig-zag form. The cut out or toothed parts of the adjacent radial plates are
displaced, relatively to each other. The whole device is preferably stamped out of
a single piece of sheet metal and bent centrally together to form a kind of socket
which allows of its being loosely slid over the rod . The said sheet metal piece
is extremely thin, so that the several constituent teeth are set in vibration as the
air of combustion, sucked or drawn up by the intense heat produced by the flame,
traverses the wick tube a. By this process the air is divided and. set in whirl-
ing motion whereby its intimate mixture with the upper gases of combustion is
greatly facilitated.
;
Upon the upper end of the tubular rod 7, the flame-divider n and the super-
heating chamber o, rigidly connected therewith, are fastened, both said parts
having perforations n¹ and o¹ respectively. The flame divider n lies closely above
the burner wick c and produces the blue flame. A portion of the freely admitted
air of combustion is stored in the chamber o, is superheated therein and, while
maintaining a constant exchange with freshly admitted air, feeds the interior of
the generated flame cone. The chamber o may be of mushroom shape as repre-
sented in Fig. 1 or cylindrical as shown in Fig. 4 and has at its bottom a central
opening o³.
Concentrically with this upper burner portion a cylindrical basket-shaped
inclosure is arranged which is secured at p¹ to the burner gallery 9 and carries
the supporting bracket 7 for the incandescent mantle r, the lower extremity of
which is slid over the edge of the inclosure p. This latter consists of a large
number of small circularly arranged vertical tubes, held together at the top and
bottom by means of horizontal hollow rings, into which the said vertical tubes
enter or project. All these tubes have their inside and outside provided with per-
forations. The inclosure p may, as represented in Fig. 2, also be made in form
of a coils by roperly winding a thin perforated tube, the ends s¹ of which are cut
obliquely and fastened upon their adjacent winding. In another form of inclosure
shown in Fig. 3, a double-walled cover t with hollow perforated annular space t¹
may be employed.
The hollow walled inclosure p, in a similar manner to the superheated
chamber o, stores the air of combustion entering from the exterior through the
perforations of the burner gallery g, superheats the same and transmits it in this
state to the external part of the flame cone.
By the co-operation of the superheater o and of the inclosure p, almost
immediately after the ignition, a pure gas flame of extraordinary heating power is
generated, this effect being still considerably increased by the metallic parts
surrounding the flame cone from inside and outside, in the shape of the super-
heating chamber o, and of the inclosure p.
According to the constructional example shown in the drawing, the burner
gallery is, for the purpose of ensuring the ignition of the flame, so arranged as to
be capable of being raised together with the chimney and the mantle. The burner
may, however, also be constructed without a gallery lifting device. in which case
an opening for effecting the ignition is provided in the burner screen said opening
being closeable by a flap or slide door, and affording access to the upper wick rim
by the aid of a match.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A petroleum blue-flame burner for glow lighting and heating purposes
having the characteristic feature that the flame-cone produced by the perforated
fame divider n is internally and externally surrounded by perforated hollow
bodies or covers (o p), which, storing air of combustion, deliver the same in a
superheated state to the flame.
2. In a petroleum blue-flame burner a baffle device consisting of small radially
arranged plates (m), of thin sheet metal displaced against one another and arranged

page_text: in the interior of the inner wick tube, for the purpose of dividing the traversing
feed air of combustion and setting the same in whirling motion so as to ensure
an intimate mixture with the upper gases of combustion.
Dated this 30th day of July 1897.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40 Chancery Lane London W.C., Agents.