IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING BEER
Year: 1885

page_text: I WILLIAM ISAAC CHADWICK of the Princes Bridge Iron Works Salford in the
County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING BEER " to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to apparatus employed in lieu of pumps in the raising of
alcholic liquors from one level to a higher level as for example from a cellar to a
bar or place of consumption. For such purposes a pressure of air obtained
by admitting water into chambers has been used but this has in some cases
necessitated a large consumption of water and the air has had an injurious effect
upon the beer the use of the apparatus being also attended with other minor
disadvantages according to the details of the particular apparatus. In my Inven-
tion I employ a close chamber in connection with a reservoir or liquid containing
vessel and I make use of a charge of liquid to obtain the air or gas pressure. The
close chamber may be in the cellar or liquor store or at a higher level so long as
the vertical distance between the said chamber and the reservoir is sufficient to
furnish the required pressure. I prefer to use carbonic acid gas, such gas being
generated in an ordinary or suitable carbonic acid gas generator and I convey the
gas into the said chamber the gas being generated under sufficient pressure to force
the charge of liquid from the chamber through the connecting pipe into the
reservoir. To prevent the absorbtion of the gas by the said liquid I use oil to
charge the apparatus or I use a liquid which will not absorb the gas or when using
water 1 introduce a suitable quantity of oil into the said chamber so that it will
float upon the water and keep the gas from contact therewith. I arrange the
connecting and draw off pipes so that this oil will not be driven up into the
cistern and will not be drawn off with the water when the chamber is emptied.
I may provide a special draw off tap or valve for the oil. I provide the chamber
or the cistern with a gauge to indicate the level of liquid. The gas space in the
chamber is placed in communication, with the casks of liquor in an ordinary, or
suitable manner the connecting pipes being provided with gas valves or cocks so

page_text: that the gas may be shut off from or admitted to any cask in the connected series.
In using the apparatus the head of liquid furnishes the required pressure whereby
a gas pressure sufficient for the purposes is maintained in the casks or is admitted
thereto or into a particular cask during intervals or at the times when the liquor is
to be raised. When the charge of liquid has descended from the reservoir into the
lower chamber the latter is re-charged with gas so as to force the liquid back
again into the reservoir the same charge of liquid serving for an indefinite time so
that the consumption of water if such be used is reduced to a minimum. I do not
confine myself to the use of carbonic acid gas as I in some cases might pump or
force air into the lower chamber.

page_text: I WILLIAM ISAAC CHADWICK of the Prince's Bridge Iron Works Salford in the
County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING BEER" and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
My Invention relates to apparatus employed in lieu of pumps in the raising of
alcholic liquors from one level to a higher level as for example from a cellar to a
bar or place of consumption. For such purposes a pressure of air obtained by
admitting water into chambers has been used but this has in some cases necessitated
a large consumption of water and the air has had an injurious effect upon the beer
the use of the apparatus being also attended with other minor disadvantages
according to the details of the particular apparatus. In my Invention I employ a
close chamber in connection with a reservoir or liquid containing vessel and I make
use of a charge of liquid to obtain the gas or air pressure. The close chamber
may be in the cellar or liquor store or at a higher level so long as the vertical
distance between the said chamber and the reservoir is sufficient to furnish the
required pressure. prefer to use carbonic acid gas, such gas being generated in
an ordinary or suitable carbonic acid gas generator and I convey the gas into the
said chamber the gas being generated under sufficient pressure to force the charge
of liquid from the chamber through the connecting pipe into the reservoir. To
prevent the absorbtion of the gas by the said liquid I use oil to charge the
apparatus or I use a liquid which will not absorb the gas or when using water
I introduce a suitable quantity of oil into the said chamber so that it will float
upon the water and keep the gas from contact therewith. The gas space. in the
chamber is placed in communication with the casks of liquor in an ordinary or
suitable manner.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I will describe the same
with reference to the accompanying drawing which represents a vertical section of
a portion of a building and illustrates an arrangement of apparatus for lifting beer
from a store cellar to the next floor above the cellar. In, the said drawing a is
the said close chamber, b. is the upper reservoir, c. c. are the casks of liquor and d
is the bar or required point of delivery of the liquor. The chamber a. is connected
with their reservoir b. by means of a pipe e. which communicates with the lower
part of the said chamber so that when a sufficient pressure of gas or air is produced
within the chamber nearly the whole of the water in the chamber will be forced
up the pipe e. into the reservoir b. which is made of a size suitable to contain a
quantity of liquid which would fill the chamber a. In the example the upper
reservoir is supposed to be, supplied with water by means of a tap f. but this tap
is not a necessity as after the first charging of the reservoir it is only necessary to
add water at intervals to provide for the loss arising from evaporation. I may
however charge this reservoir with oil instead of water. In the example a gas
pressure is produced within the chamber a. by means of a carbonic acid gas
producer g. The gas from this producer passes through a back pressure valve h
·

page_text: may
into a gas washer ï. from which the gas is conveyed through the pipe j. into the
upper part of the chamber. When the reservoir b. is charged with water I introduce
a quantity of oil into the chamber a so that the oil will float upon the surface of
the water and by preventing contact between the water and the gas will prevent
the absorption and consequent waste of the latter. I make suitable arrangements
for preventing the oil from being driven up into the cistern as for example
employ a float and valve to shut off admission of the carbonic acid gas when
nearly all the water has been forced out of the chamber. I provide the chamber
with a cock or valve k. for drawing off the water when desirable and I may
arrange for the oil to be drawn off by means of a separate tap. I provide the
chambers or the upper reservoir with a suitable gauge to indicate the level of the
liquid. In the example the upper reservoir is provided with a float gauge . The
upper part of the chamber a communicates by means of piping m with the casks c.
suitable unions and stop cocks or valves being provided so that the gas may be
shut off from or admitted to any cask in the series. To prepare the apparatus for
use, gas is generated in the producer in the ordinary manner and is conveyed into
the chamber a. until nearly all the water has been forced up into the upper
reservoir or until it is considered that there is a sufficient charge of gas in the
chamber. In using the apparatus the head of liquid furnishes the required
pressure whereby a gas pressure sufficient for the purposes is maintained in the
casks or is admitted thereinto or into a particular cask during intervals or at the
times when the liquor is to be raised. When the charge of liquid has descended
from the reservoir into the lower chamber the latter is re-charged with gas so as to
force the liquid back again into the reservoir the same charge of liquid serving for
an indefinite time so that the consumption of water if such be used is reduced to
a minimum. I do not confine myself to the use of carbonic acid gas as in some
cases I might pump or force air into the lower chamber. The height of the
reservoir b. above the point of delivery d. determines the force with which the
liquor is delivered and this height may be proportionately less or greater than
the indication in the drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The air or gas chamber a. communicating with the casks containing the liquor
to be lifted and with an upper reservoir b. which retains the liquid charge when
forced out of the said chamber by air or gas pressure the whole arranged and acting
substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
2. The chamber a and the reservoir b. in combination with a suitable carbonic
acid gas producer the combination being adapted for use substantially as and for
the purpose set forth and indicated.
3. The use of oil alone or of oil floating on water or of a liquid which will not
absorb carbonic acid gas substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this oth
Tou1006