Improved Furnace and Apparatus for Generating Heat.
Year: 1889

page_text: CUMI LEIE DIECIFICATION.
Improved Furnace and Apparatus for Generating Heat.
I, VIRGIL WARREN BLANCHARD, a citizen of the United States of America, and
residing at Nos. 225 and 227 Sixth Avenue, New York City, in the County and State
of New York, U.S.A.,. Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVED FURNACE AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HEAT, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention is a combined furnace and apparatus for the production of intense
heat and its objects are to ensure thorough oxidization and volatilization of all the
combustible gases and elements contained in the fuel and in the air supplied to the
furnace, such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, etc., so that there will be no waste of fuel
whatever, and the highest attainable degree of beat produced with a very slight
quantity of fuel.
To this end the invention consists; 1st in a furnace having an
internal series of air and gas mixing chambers, air and gas flues, air jets, and soot
traps; 2d, in novel mechanisms for supplying fuel to the furnace, above or below'
the grate, and for burning or volatilizing the ash; 3rd, for supplying air or air and
steam automatically thereto: 4th, a novel anti-clinker grate; 5th, an apparatus for
trapping the carbonic acid gases in the chimney and returning them to the furnace ;
6th, apparatus for heating the air; 7th, valves for accurately regulating the admission
of air, steam, etc.; 8th, hermetically sealing doors; 9th, a system of water pipes for
protecting the furnace bricks from injury. All of which, together with other minor
novel details of construction and arrangement will be understood from the following
description and claims, reference being had to the drawings by letters.
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of my improved furnace and the air heating
and gas trapping apparatus employed in connection therewith, also showing a steam
boiler casing interposed between the furnace and air heater:
Figure 2 is a detail perspective view showing the devices for automatically regulating
the supply of steam, air or gases to the furnace; and the feeding of fuel thereto either
pulverized or lump. Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of the upper end of the lump
fuel feeder. Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view of the balanced air or steam
regulating valve. Figure 5 is a top view of the same and its operating mechanism.
Figure 6 is a sectional view of one of the elevator buckets. Figures 7 and 8 are
sectional and plan views of the furnace door. Figure 9 is an enlarged sectional view
of the furnace mixing chambers. Figure 10 is a perspective view of one of the air
jet bricks. Figures 11 and 12 are side and sectional views of the registering valve.
Figure 13 is a perspective view of a section of the grate. Figure. 14 is a perspective
view of one of the grate pieces. Figure 15 is a side elevation illustrating a modified
construction of the automatic pulverized fuel feeding device. Figure 16 is a transverse
sectional view showing the same. Figure 17 is a sectional view of the feed screw and
casing. Figure 18 shows a rectangular form of the furnace. Figure 19 is a plan
view of the trapping bricks for the rectangular furnace. Figure 20 is a similar view
of the trapping brick used in the round furnace. Figure 21 is a sectional view of a
furnace protected by interior water tubes. Figures 22 and 23 are views of bricks
used in such furnace. Figure 24 is a detail sectional view of the furnace wall.
Figure 25 is a detail sectional view of the fuel elevator receptacle. Figure 26 is a
detail of the water tank and fire-brick connections of the water tube furnace.
A, figure 1 designates the furnace, the outer walls of which are preferably made as
indicated in figure 24 to prevent radiation of heat, and consist of an internal wall A¹
of dense fire brick, a stratum A² of asbestos paper or mineral wool, a second
stratum A³ of porous fire-brick, another layer of asbestos A, and an exterior metal
jacket A5. In place of asbestos other non-conducting packing might be used.
D
017

page_text: The furnace shown in figure 1 has two fuel chambers 2 and 3. Chamber 2 is the
primary fire chamber and is provided with a grate, preferably made as in figure 13.
Openings are made in the furnace wall above and below the grate, and closed by
tightly sealing doors A°. Above the grate is a dome of fire brick A', having a central
Blue, the ends of the fire-bricks composing this dome having inclined shelves or
chutes A by which fuel falling through the central flue 4, of the furnace, is scattered
upon the grate. The upper part of said dome is hollow and formed with a convolute
air passage a³, which receives air through a supply pipe aº. Centrally from said
dome rises a double wall magazine or tube a composed of fire-bricks (figure 10) which
have a vertical air passage a', and a series of lateral passages a², as, and end lugs a³,
which abut against the inner faces of an annular series of fire-brick mixing
chambers B forming vertical flues 5, which communicate at bottom with the lowest
one of the series of said mixing chambers B. Upon wall a is laid a tubular wall b of
fire-bricks (figure 20) these have vertical air passages b¹, which communicate with
air passages a in wall a, and a top depression or soot trap 65, which communicates
with passage b¹ through a lateral perforation 6. 63 is a channel in the top of the brick
leading from flue 4 to trap 65, and 62, 62 are passages leading from trap 65 to the edge
and rear side of the brick, and communicating with flues 5. The air passages a¹,
communicate at bottom with the air passage as. The mixing chambers B occupy the
space between wall b, and the furnace wall proper, and are supported upon bricks 67,.
which have passages 68 leading from flues 5, and communicating with the mixing
chambers, and with the air channel a³ through vertical perforations 6° that form soot
traps in which solid particles of fuel may be caught and retained.
The mixing chambers B shown enlarged in figure 9, are formed of fire-
bricks B1, B, having a longitudinal passage B¹ divided horizontally by a partition B²,
which is perforated at its sides as at B³, B³, and in the top and bottom walls of the
bricks are central vertical openings B; the gases rising through the tiers of mixing
chambers first enter opening B', striking the partition they are deflected outward to
openings B, through which they rise and then are deflected inward to top opening B*;
being thus alternately permitted to expand and contract. Each partition has a
recess B in its upper face forming a soot trap, and at the lower corners of each
passage B¹ are depressions B6, also formning soot traps. The mixing chamber bricks
are preferably made in two or three sections as indicated in the drawings.
B' designates a fire-brick annulus resting upon the mixing chambers B and walls b,
as shown, closing the upper ends of flues 5, and supporting the roof of the furnace
centrally as indicated, flue 4 extending therethrough and communicating with a fuel
feeding device. Above chambers B, is an annular space C, which communicates with
a descending series of mixing chambers C¹ similar to chambers B, but formed of two-
part bricks as shown, these chambers are above, and communicate with the secondary
fire-chamber 3 from which an outlet C2 leads into a steam boiler, crucible, or casing C
wherein the heated gases can be utilized on their way to the chimney. Chamber 3 is
provided with a grate and communicates with chamber 2 by an opening in the wall
separating the same, which opening can be closed by a fire-brick damper C. From
casing C the heated gases enter the lower end of an air-heater or chimney c, which
is provided with a vertical series of flue pipes c¹ which are secured to proper heads at
top and bottom, and between these heads is arranged a series of partitions c2 which
form a tortuous air passage in the heater, the gases passing through pipes c¹ heating
the air in said passage. Air is forced into the upper end of said heater by a suitable
engine C through a pipe c' and conducted off from the bottom thereof by a pipe c³
(see figure 2) which leads to a branch c6 at the side of the furnace, one end of which
communicates with pipe a leading to the air passage in the dome of the furnace and
the other end communicates with a pipe D leading into the ash chamber, the branch
pipes are valved at c', c, so that the supply of air below or above the grate can be
regulated, and branch c is provided with a valve c which is automatically operated
to cut off air below the grate. E designates a three-way valve box, introduced into
the length of pipe c³, as indicated, its branch E' communicating by a pipe with the
interior of the casing Co.

page_text: Seen from the side box E appears straight, but in plan (figure 4) it is curved so'
as to form a passage deflected from the straight course of the main pipe . The
valve E is flat and at its center is rigidly attached to a valve stem E which is at the
angle E of the valve box, (see figure 4). On the upper end of stem Es, is keyed a
seginent levere which engages with a similar lever e¹ that is pivotally connected to a
slide E' moving in guides E, and connected at one end to a piston working in
a cylinder E communicating by a pipe with a steam boiler." The other end of '
slide E' is pivotally connected by a link e to an arm of a T-shaped lever e, pivoted
at the junction of its arms on a proper support; one arm of said lever is notched and
carries an adjustable weight as shown, and the other arm has attached to it a pull
rodes which extends forward to the furnace in easy reach of the engineer; a pipe e
(figure 5) may be used to convey steam from the boiler to the pipe D or ash-pit of
the furnace, and is provided with a valve es the stem of which is connected by links elo,
with lever e. The piston in cylinder E' is forced back against the pressure of steam
in the boiler proportionately to the weights on lever et, which may be increased or
diminished at pleasure. The lower portion of the stem E, has a crank árin d which '
is connected by a rod d' with the stein of valve c it also has a crank which is con-
nected by a rod with a clutch lever d, operating a clutch ds on a shaft ds, which is
driven from an engine not shown, and on which are cone pulleys de, d'; the clutch d
when properly shifted, locks the pulleys to the shaft or disengages them. D desig-
nates a cylindrical casing communicating with pipe D, in which is a worm screw.
conveyor D, (figure 17) and D is a feed hopper communicating with said casing,
through a valved pipe D', D' is a cove pulley on the outer end of the screw shaft
which is driven by belt De from the cone pulley do. Pipe D communicates with
semi-circular pipe F lying in the ash pit below the grate, said pipe being perforated
on its inner face as at F through which perforations the air and pulverized 'fuel forced
through pipe D is jetted, as indicated by the arrows figure 15, the jets partly passing
through the grate into the bed of fuel thereon, and partly passing through a
passage F2 at the side of the grate, into and over the bed of fuel. f is a removable
brick at the edge of the grate at the upper end of passage F2, by which the fuel is
confined upon the grate, and f¹ is an adjustable brick for regulating the size of the
passage Fat its upper end. The jets from pipe F not only carries up the fuel'fed
therein, but will sweep up and carry back particles of ash and matter falling
through the grate and deposit them upon or in the bed of fuel to' be volatilized
or consumed.
a
In order to supply lump fuel to the furnace, I employ an endless chain elevator that'
is enclosed in a casing G₁ which inclines upward from the ground to the top of the
furnace where it has a head G2 over the top of flue 4; at bottom the casing has a
hopper G³ provided with a tightly closing door, and with an adjusting slide G* by
which the fuel fed into the lower end of the casing can be regulated.
1
1
G, G5, are sprocket wheels mounted on suitable transverse shafts in the upper and
lower ends of the casing, and Go is an endless chain running on said sprockets; and
H are the elevator buckets on said chain. G7 designates a worm gear on the shaft 9:
of the lower wheel G outside the casing, which is driven by a worm screw G³ on a
shaft g operated by a cone pulley G° driven by a belt gi from pulley d, (see figure 2).
g2 is an agitator wheel mounted in the lower end of the feed hopper G on a shaft g
which is driven by sprocket wheels and chains g from shaft gs. The buckets H are
partly cylindrical, and are provided with perforated lugs H by which they can be
attached to the chain G, and with wheels H mounted on a short shaft H passing
through perforated lugs H at the bottoin of the mouth of the bucket. Hs is an
adjustable bottom for the bucket, the front edge of which is curved to fit upon
lugs H, and is secured thereto by screws H which pass through slots H' in the front
edge of the bottom plate, the rear edge of said plate is engaged between and supported.
on some of a series of lugs 'H' cast on the inner face of the bucket as shown, and 'by'
varying the point of engagement of the bottom plate with said lugs, the capacity of
the bucket is varied. The wheels H2 run upon tracks or flanges g7 on the sides of the
casing G¹ as indicated and relieve the chain of weight. The top of flue 4 is closed

page_text: by a hinged fire-brick damper on the top of which is a hopper ¹. into which the
fuel, falling from buckets H as they pass over the upper sprocket wheel, is directed by
a chute h' into hopper
3 is a bell crank lever pivoted in the head of the casing and pivotally connected
by a rod with the hopper h¹. 5 is a similar lever above lever and similarly
connected to said hopper. When damper is closed lever is shifted so that its
free arm is in the path of a descending bucket, and when the bucket strikes it
the damper is thrown open and the fuel collected in hopper h¹ dropped into the
furnace, this movement of the damper throws lever h³ into position for engagement
by the bucket, which as it descends engages said lever and causes the closing of the
damper, at the same time throwing lever ' into position to engage the next bucket.
The levers are put close together so that the damper is open but a very short time. A
flap h is hinged near the lower end of chute h2 by which the falling of fuel behind the
hopper is prevented while the damper is open.
I represents an air pipe leading from the forcing engine, or air pipe c³, into the
top of casing G, and provided with a valve I', the stem 12 of which is connected by a
rod I with an arm 13 on the end of the shaft carrying lever, by which at the
moment the damper h is opened air is admitted into the casing under pressure, and
the inflow therein of gases from the furnace is prevented, this air also keeps cool the
casing and parts therein.
When the steam pressure in the boiler diminishes, weight e actuates lever e¹ and
slide E7, thus opening the air valve E admitting more air into the furnace, and at the
same time throwing clutch d³ into engagement with the cone pulleys do, d, and thereby
starting the elevator G, or feeder D2, or both, as will be evident from the drawings.
The feeder D2 is for pulverized and hydrocarbon fuels, and it may be used indepen-
dently of the elevator G.
In figure 15 a modified arrangement of the feed regulating mechanism is shown, in
this a cone pulley J is mounted on a shaft J¹ in a suitable supporting frame, and has
a clutch J2 operated by a lever J³ connected by link rods J with the pitman of a
piston Js playing in a closed cylinder Je in communication with the steam space of the
boiler by a pipe J7, the piston rod is forced inward against the pressure of steam by a
bell crank lever Ja carrying an adjustable weight as shown, and as the steam pressure
varies the clutch J2 is automatically thrown into or out of engagement with the cone
pulley J, shaft J¹ being continuously driven from the engine by suitable connections.
Belt De communicates motion from pulley J to worm D². This worn forces the fuel
into pipe D and the air entering pipe D under pressure drives the fuel into pipe Fand
through the perforations in the same below and into and above the bed of lump fuel on
tbe grate as indicated in figure 15.
The doors A each have a frame K provided with a gasket or seat K¹ in its face, and
with headed pins K2 at its corners, the door A covering the opening in the frame and
having a rib K³ on its under surface engaging the gasket of the frame. K' is a
screw-threaded stud rising centrally from the door, and K³ is a socket piece internally
screw-threaded and engaging said stud, K is a four armed spider mounted on socket K5
and having the ends of its arms hooked, KT is a hand wheel for operating the socket-
piece and confining spider K6 thereon, K³, K are binding screws passing vertically
through each arm of spider K6. The door is hinged to the frame by loose
hinges Ko.
When the door is closed spider K is swung around so as to engage its
hooked ends with pins K2, (see figures 7, and 8) the socket piece K is then turned
so as to forcibly separate the door and spider, thereby seating the door on the frame,
and the screws K³ are tightened to additionally assist in securely locking the door, as
is evident.
In order to exactly regulate the volumes of air or gases passing through the pipes, I
preferably use the indicating valves shown clearly in figures 11 and 12. L designates
the casing of the valve having diametrically opposite ports L¹ the bores of which are
rectangular in cross section, I designates the cylindrical valve lying between said
ports, and having a diametrical transverse opening L corresponding in cross section
to the ports L'. This valve is suitably confined in the casing, and it has an exterior

page_text: finger L³, by which, and index marks L on the periphery of the casing, the exact
position of the valve can be ascertained. L' is a post for turning the valve. The
bores of the ports and valve being rectangular, and knowing the cubical area thereof,
the exact proportions of matter passing through the valve when it is either wholly or
or partially opened is readily ascertainable, and hence the flow of air or gas there-
through can be accurately regulated.
The grate, shown in figures 13, and 18, is composed of a horizontal series of
alternate rocking and stationary bars. The stationary bars M have beveled upper
edges, formed with a series of vertical channels M', and their lower edges have deep
longitudinal channels M². The rocking bars M³ are composed of a series of sections M
mounted on a transverse rod M³, each section M' has an angular head m, in the
sides of which are channels m¹ which when two sections are placed together form air
channels m² for the passage of air from below the grate up through the rocking bars,
as indicated by the arrows figure 13. One side of each section M is mortised and
its other side has a tongue m adapted to engage the mortise of an adjoining section,
so that when strung upon rods M the several sections will be locked together and
can be rocked simultaneously by means of a lever Mo outside the furnace, connected
by a rod M7 with rods Ms passing through transverse openings in the lower ends of
one or more sections M* in each bar M', as shown in figure 13, the rods M³ of
adjoining bars M³ being connected by links MP, so that the set of rocking bars can
be operated simultaneously. The angular heads of the bars will crush and pulverize
any clinkers falling between them, and the air passing up between the bars and
through channels m³ ensures the thorough and equal oxidization of the fuel on the grate.
N designates an air cooler and steam condensing vessel, which has a series of
longitudinal tubes N' secured between heads N' near its ends, and between the
heads N2 are a series of partition plates Ns which divide the space between the heads
into a zigzag passage, like that in heater c. This vessel N is interposed between
sections of pipe c, so that air can be forced from engine C through pipe c* and
vessel N into the upper end of the heater c, see figure 1.
Above vessel N is a vessel O having tubes 01, heads O* and partition plates 0³,
similar to vessel N. O is a pipe establishing communication between the tortuous
passages in vessel N, O. P designates a casing in which is a coil of heating pipes Pi,
said casing receives exhaust steam from the engine through a pipe P2, and the steam
escape from the vessel by a pipe P3 into the vessel O, passing through the tortuous
passage therein, and out through pipe 04 into vessel N, it being condensed in said
vessels and the water of condensation is drawn from said vessels by a pipe P leading
to a force pump Ps which forces the water through a pipe P' into coil P¹ and from
the coil the water escapes by a pipe P7 into the boiler. Any uncondensed steam in"
vessel N may be permitted to escape into the atmosphere or chimney. The
partitions N³, 03, are perforated at bottom for the passage of condensed water.
Q designates a gas trapping chamber placed over heater c, or in other position, so
that the gaseous products of combustion must pass therethrough. This trap has a
central chamber Q1 which the gases enter by a pipe Q2 rising through the bottom
thereof, and outside chamber Q is another chamber Q3, which is closed at sides and
bottom; but opens at top into a flue portion Q. The partition Q5 between
chambers Q, Q3, has a series of openings in its bottom through which the gases pass
from chamber Q into chamber Q3 as indicated by the arrows in the drawings,
figure 1. Q is a perforated pipe laying on the bottom of chamber Q³, and Q' is a
valved pipe passing through the outer wall of chamber Q³ and communicating with
pipe Q, while its other end opens into one end of vessel O. R is a valved pipe
leading from the opposite end of vessel O to a blower engine R1 and R2 is a pipe
leading from said engine to the fuel chamber of the furnace below the grate thereof,
preferably communicating with pipe D, as indicated in the drawings. R is a valved
branch of said pipe leading into the casing G1, and communicating with the air pipe I,
so that gas or air can be forced therein.
The operation of the furnace plant, is briefly as follows:-
:―
Fire is kindled on the grate in chamber 2, and damper C opened to permit direct

page_text: draft to the chimney. As the fire increases damper C is closed, and the products of
combustion rise up through the ascending flue 4 in magazine and pass through
the passages in bricks b to the descending flues 5, in which they descend and at
bottom thereof pass through the lateral openings into the mixing chambers B, in which
they ascend into chamber C, from which they pass down through mixing chambers C¹
to outlet C into the boiler casing, in which the heated gases are utilized to produce
steam in the boiler enclosed therein. From casing Co the gases pass into heater c,
from thence into trap Q and thence into the atmosphere. Steam being raised, pump
С
is started and air forced through heater c, as described, or through vessel N and heater c,
the air being heated in passing through vessel N by the exhaust steam therein, and in
heater c by the hot gases escaping from the furnace, the air is conducted off from
heater c under pressure to pipes a and D, pipe delivers the air into channel a³
where it is further heated and escapes thence into channels a' where it is jetted
laterally through the openings a², a³, into the flues 4 and 5, mixing with the gaseous
products of combustion passing tbrough said flues as is evident, and the mixed air
and gases pass into chambers B and C¹ being deflected and retarded, expanded and
contracted by the tortuous passages therein and so intimately mixed that the perfect.
oxidization of all the combustible elements in the gases is obtained and a resulting
intense degree of heat is produced in the mixing chambers above the grate. At this
time, the valves are set so as to admit but little air beneath the grate. The gases
passing into trap Q are principally carbonic acid gases, and this gas being heavier
than others will collect in the bottom of chamber Q2, and by starting blower R the
carbonic acid gases are sucked through vessel O and forced down into the furnace
below the grate, in quantities regulated by the valves, this gas rises through the bed
of fuel and becomes recarbonized forming carbonic oxide gas that rises into the flues
and mixing chambers as described and being subjected to intimate mixture with the
heated air supplied from channel as as described, is re-oxidized and escapes into the
boiler casing or chimney as carbonic acid gas, part of which can be again returned
to the furnace through the bed of fuel, as described. By forcing carbonic acid gas
through the bed of incandescent fuel on the grate in the fuel chamber the intense
destructive heat present in this chamber and in the flues above is lessened preventing
injury and destruction of the fire-brick that form their walls. thus take the
carbonic acid gas, recarbonize it into carbonic oxide gas, then oxidize said gas
to consume the carbon, and reduce it to carbonic acid gas, over and over, supplying
only sufficient air to the furnace below the grate as will prevent extinguishing of the
fire by the carbonic acid gas.
The air should be supplied to the furnace above the grate under high pressure to
ensure the proper working of the furnace.
By thus recarbonizing and reburning the gases in a semi-closed circuit, I econo-
mize fuel and modify the intense heat of the fuel and mixing chainbers. Again a
very important function of my furnace is to retain the hydrogeneous gases and oxidize
the same, this is accomplished by reason of the series of ascending and descending
flues and mixing chambers. The hydrogen gases being lightest will, when first
disassociated in the consumption of the fuel, rise through flue 4 but that being closed
at top these gases must descend through flues 5, and owing to the volatility of the
hydrogen gas it will accumulate in the upper parts of said flues and will be gradually
oxidized, and hence a most intense heat is produced. The gases descending through
flues 5, will be subjected to the action of air jets issuing from wall a, and will be
trapped and retarded and mixed with the air in passing through chambers B, and will
be again trapped in chamber C, and in descending through chambers C¹ to the
outlet; Hydrogen gas is thus retained and oxidized, which in itself effects a large
saving of fuel in producing a high temperature.
In figure 18 I show a design for a rectangular furnace, embodying the same
principles as that shown in figure 1; the ascending flue 4 is at one side of this
furnace, and the descending flue 5 is separated from flue 4.by a partition S the lower
portion of which is provided with air channels and jet openings similar to those' in
wall a, and the upper portion thereof is formed of bricks S₁ shown in figure 9, similar

page_text: to bricks b, in all respects, except that they are rectangular in plan, while the latter
are segmental. S designates an ascending series of mixing chambers communicating
with the descending flue 5, S3 is a trapping chamber above chainbers S2, and S' is a
descending series of mixing chambers communicating with chamber S3 and with the
outlet. The parts lettered alike in figures 1 and 18, are constructed substantially
alike, and have the same functions.
X designates a chute leading into fire chamber 2, of the furnace shown in
figure 18, and X¹ designates a hopper at the outer end of said chute provided
with a tightly closing door, X2 X is a semi-cylindrical bucket or valve in said
hopper, and X' is an arm for operating the same. X is a valve in the chuté
below the hopper, which may be suitably connected with arm X, so as to be
opened when the valve is operated The fuel is placed in the hopper, the lid
tightly closed, and the valve X³ turned letting the fuel into the chute and throwing
valve X open, the fuel descending upon the grate. Either of the other fuel
feeding devices is applicable to this furnace.
In figure 21, I show a modified form of the furnace shown in figure 1, it being
a cylindrical furnace, having a system of water pipes and tubes for protecting the
fire-brick walls thereof, and as shown, the descending series of mixing chambers C¹
are omitted, the furnace opening directly into the boiler casing, above the water
legs of the boiler. Above the fire chamber, and between the same and air heating
channel as, is an annular water holding vessel T which is supported upon the walls
of the furnace by radial arms or flanges T¹ and is supplied with water through a
pipe T2, the fire bricks forming the dome A7 being partly supported by said
annulus through angular legs or pipes T3, which engage angular recesses in the
bricks, and should be hollow and communicate with the water space in vessel T.
The bricks of wall a in this furnace, have a vertical perforation U, and their off-
sets a are recessed as at U₁ to form openings when two bricks are laid side by
side. Through the vertical passages formed by openings U U¹ are passed vertical
pipes V which communicate at bottom with vessel T, and at top with a tank V¹
placed in the upper part of the furnace above chamber C and separated therefrom
by a fire-brick partition or roof. I thus in reality have a series of vertical water
pipes enclosed in the fire-brick walls of the furnace through which water circulates.
The bricks in the top of the wall b, are formed with channels for the passage of
the gases as shown in figure 22, similar to the bricks in figure 20 but have in
addition vertical openings U, in their rear portions which overlie the openings U1
in bricks a, and with recesses U3 at their adjoining ends, which overlie the
openings U in bricks a, so that the pipes V pass through the entire wall. A coil
of pipes W is built up in the outer wall or casing of the furnace and a coil W
is built in between flues 5 and mixing chambers B as indicated, communicating
at top with the tank V. Tank V communicates by a pipe W with the steam
drum of the boiler, or other outlet, so that the water can circulate freely through
the system of pipes and any steam generated therein can escape.
At a high temperature fire-brick will soften and there is danger of their
collapsing, and in order to prevent this I use the water tubes which run through
the bricks and are protected thereby from contact with the heated gases, and at
the same time they reduce the temperature of the adjoining portion of the bricks,
which are poor conductors, so that around the pipes the bricks might be said to
be stiffened, because the portions thereof adjoining the pipes are cooler than those
exposed to the heated gases, and hence more capable of sustaining themselves and
superstructure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a turnace the double wall magazine or tube a, having both of it's walls per-

page_text: mixing chamber above said tube, and a narrow vertical descending flue leading
from the latter to exterior mixing chambers, all substantially as herein described.
2. In a furnace the combination of a central double wall magazine both of the walls
of which are perforated, a dome having an air channel communicating with the space
between the walls of the magazine, means for supplying air thereto, under pressure,
mixing chambers above the magazine, flues 5, passages 63, and mixing chambers B
substantially as set forth.
3. In a furnace the combination with a fire-chamber, of a hollow dome above the
same having an internal air channel, a tube rising from said dome and having double
walls, each laterally perforated, the space between the walls of said tube commu-
nicating with the air passages in said dome, the descending flue exterior thereto, and
the exterior gas mixing chambers communicating at bottom with said flue, substan-
tially as described.
4. In a furnace the combination of the fuel chamber, the hollow dome, the double
walled tube having each wall perforated, the descending flues exterior to said tube and
the exterior mixing chambers B, constructed and arranged and specified.
5. In a furnace the combination with a fire-box, of a dome A7, a double walled tube
having each wall perforated, an annular series of mixing chambers B exterior thereto,
a cap closing the top of said tube, substantially as described.
6. A furnace consisting of an exterior casing, a fire-chamber therein, a hollow
dome, the double wall tube having each wall perforated, the series of mixing
chambers exterior to said tube, and the cap thereof, and the descending flues, all as
specified.
7. In a furnace the combination of the ascending flue communicating with the
fire-chamber, the descending flue, the tubular wall or partition between said flue
having air passages and jet openings and the ascending series of mixing chambers
communicating with the descending flue, and the descending series of mixing
chambers communicating with the ascending series and with the outlet, substantially
as described.
8. The combination in a furnace, of a primary fire-chamber communicating with a
series of flues, the mixing chambers in the upper part of the furnace communicating
with the flues and with an outlet, a secondary fire-chamber communicating. with said
outlet, and a damper between said fire-chambers, as described.
9. The combination of the primary fire-chamber, the ascending and descending flues
above the same separated by a partition or tubular wall having air passages and jet
openings, substantially as described, a secondary fire-chamber, and the series of
ascending and descending mixing chambers communicating with said secondary
chamber and the descending flue, substantially as described.
10. In a furnace the combination of the fire-chainber, the dome above the same and
the ascending flue cominunicating with the fire chamber, and descending flue upon
said dome and the partition or tubular wall having air passages and jet openings
substantially as described; with the tortuous air channel in said roof communicating
with the air passage in the partition, and an air supply thereto, all substantially as
described.
11. In a furnace the combination of an ascending flue communicating with the fire
chamber, and a descending. flue; with a partition or tubular wall between said flues,
the lower portion of which has a central air passage and lateral jet openings leading
therefrom, and its upper portion having transverse gas channels or passages substan-
tially as described.
12. The combination in a furnace of a fire-chamber having a closed roof in which
is a tortuous air-heating passage, vertical flues above said passage communicating
respectively with the fire-chamber and with passages leading to the outlet, a partition
or tubular wall separating said flues having air passages and jet openings substan-
tially as described, a series of mixing chambers communicating with the lower end of
one flue and a series of mixing chambers coinmunicating at top with the aforesaid
series and at bottom with an outlet, said chambers having soot traps, all substantially
as described.

page_text: 13. The combination of the fire chamber, the ascending flue communicating with
the fire chamber and the descending flue above said chamber separated by a partition
channeled and perforated for the passage of air and gases, substantially as described,
the tortuous air passage formed in the roof of said fire chamber and communicating
with said passage and ash pit, and the gas supplying pipes, all constructed and arranged
to operate substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
14. The combination of the fuel chamber the vertical ascending flue communicating
with the fire-chamber and the descending flue, the partition or tubular wall between
said flues having air passages, channels and perforations, substantially as described,
and the air heating channel in the roof of the fire-chamber communicating with an air
supply and with the passages in said partition, and the air supply pipes and gas
supplying pipes, all substantially as specified.
15. The combination of the furnace having a primary fire-chamber 2 an auxiliary
fire-chamber 3, a closed roof formed with an interior air heating channel over
chamber 2, the vertical ascending flue communicating with the fire chamber 2 and the
descending flue, and the vertical partition or double wall magazine separating said
flues, having air passages and perforations substantially as described, with the series
of mixing chambers B, the trapping chamber C and the descending series of mixing
chambers C¹ communicating with chamber 3, the outlet from said chamber and the
air and gas supply pipes, all substantially as described.
16. The combination with a furnace and boiler of an air blast pipe having branches
that enter respectively, the ash pit, and the combustion chamber of the furnace, provided
with regulating valves, and a balanced valve, actuated automatically by steam and a
loaded lever, substantially as set forth.
17. The combination with a furnace and boiler of the air blast pipe having branches
that enter respectively, the ash pit and combustion chamber of the furnace and a
balanced valve actuated automatically by steam and a loaded lever, and a steam supply
pipe connecting the boiler with the ash pit of the furnace, and provided with a
regulating valve, substantially as set forth."
18. The combination of the valve box E having three branches, with the valve
pivoted at the junction of said branches whereby the pressure against the ends of the
valve is equal in whatever position it may be made to assume, substantially as
described.
19. The combination with a furnace of an air supply pipe entering the same, a
three-way valve box applied to said pipe and a valve in said box actuated automatically
by the pressure of steam from the boiler and a loaded lever, substantially as
described.
°
20. The combination in a furnace having a fire-chamber, a dome above said chamber,
a central flue, perforated and channel fire-bricks surrounding said flue, and descending
flues exterior thereto with a water holding vessel in said dome protected by the fire-
brick thereof, and the water pipes rising therefrom through the said bricks, as set
forth.
21. The combination in a furnace having a central flue, perforated and channeled
fire-brick walls surrounding the same, exterior descending flues and a series of
ascending mixing chambers; with water circulating pipes enclosed in the fire-brick
between the descending flues and mixing chambers, and a water circulating coil
exterior to said chambers, substantially as described.
22. The combination in a furnace of a fire-brick dome, a water vessel above the
sane protected by fire-brick and a series of channeled and perforated fire-brick above
said vessel; with a water holding tank above the furnace, and the pipes extending
through said bricks and communicating with the tank and vessel, all substantially as
described.
23. In a furnace the combination of the ascending flue or magazine and a descending
flue communicating therewith; with mixing chainbers composed of layers of fire-
bricks having central vertical passages through them, and the intermediate fire-bricks
having perforations and soot traps, substantially as described.
24. In a furnace the combination of a flue through which the gases are caused to
B

page_text: descend; with mixing chambers composed of layers of fire-bricks B having vertical
passages through them, with alternate fire-bricks B2 having vertical openings of
different superficial area to the openings in bricks B and interposed between the
same, substantially as and for the purpose described.
25. A fire-brick composed of an upper chambered part provided with a central
flue, a lower chambered part provided with a central flue and an intermediate partition
having flues B³, all substantially as described.
26. The fire-brick composed of an upper chambered part B10 provided with a central
flue, a lower chambered part B10 formed with a central vertical flue and cinder traps,
and a partition B2 interposed between parts B10 and having flues B³ and traps B³,
all substantially as described.
27. A wall for furnaces and other purposes composed of an internal lining of
dense fire-brick, an external metal jacket and intermediate layers of porous fire-bricks
and refractory substance, all substantially as described.
28. The combination with the pulverized fuel feeder and the blast pipe, of the cone
pulleys, their belt, the belt pulley, the clutch and means for automatically actuating
this clutch for starting or stopping the feed at certain determined pressures of steam,
substantially as described.
29. The combination with the fuel feeder substantially as described, the blast pipe
connecting therewith, the steam cylinder, its weight controlled piston and the connec-
tions between the same and the fuel feeder whereby the latter is automatically stopped
or started at a certain boiler or steam pressure, substantially as described.
30. The combination of the injecting pipe, and a conveyer screw arranged therein,
a fuel feed hopper, the shafts and pulleys for driving said conveyor, and the automa-
tically operated clutch engaging one of said shafts whereby the conveyor is stopped
or started, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
31. The combination of the injecting pipe arranged in an ash pit of a furnace below
the grate; with a conveyor screw applied in a cylinder outside of the furnace, a fuel
feed hopper, a blast pipe communicating with said cylinder and regulating valves
applied to the neck of the hopper and to the said blast pipe, substantially as and for
purpose described.
32. The herein described registering valve consisting of a cylindrical casing having
diametrically opposite ports rectangular in cross section; with a cylindrical valve
having a diametrical rectangular passage corresponding to the ports in section, said
valve occupying the entire interior of the cylinder and suitably confined therein, and
the registering or indicating marks and finger on said casing and valve, all as and
for the purpose set forth.
33. The combination in a grate, of stationary bars with intermediate rocking bars
having crushing heads provided with a series of air passages, substantially as and for
the purpose described.
34. In a grate the rocking bars composed of sections locked together and provided
with air jet passages as described, in combination with the stationary bars, substantially
as described.
35. In a furnace grate the combination of a series of stationary bars with a series
of rocking bars alternating with said stationary bars and having enlarged and per-
forated heads, and depending shanks, and the uniting links between said rocking bars
for operating them simultaneously, substantially as described.
36. The combination with the ash pit of a furnace and a fuel chamber provided
with a passage at the end of the grate leading from said ash pit into said chamber,
of a blast pipe and means for supplying fuel thereto whereby the ashes or fuel are
blown into the fuel chamber, substantially as described.
37. The combination in a furnace having a space outside of the grate forming a
communication between the ash pit and fuel chamber, of means for regulating the
size of said space, a blast pipe and fuel feeder, substantially as described.
38. The combination of the ash pit and fuel chamber having a communicating
passage outside the margin of the grate, with an injecting pipe, a blast pipe, and a
pulverised fuel feeder, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 39. The combination in a furnace, of a door frame having a gasket and the door
having a rib engaging said gasket, with a spider having arms engaging headed pins
projecting from said frame, and the screw bolts on said arms engaging and locking
the door when closed, substantially as specified.
40. The combination with the escape flue of a furnace, of a gas trap having a
receiving chamber communicating with the chimney and closed at top and bottom but
open at side near the bottom; a gas arresting chamber communicating with the
receiving chamber and with the outlet to the chimney and a pipe leading from
the bottom of said chamber to an exhausting and forcing engine substantially as
described.
41. The combination with the gas trap constructed substantially as described, and
an escape flue; of a perforated pipe lying in the bottom of said trap, and an exhausting
engine, substantially as described.
42. In combination with a furnace and an endless chain fuel elevator substantially
as described, a valve adapted to receive the fuel from the buckets and deliver it into
the furnace, and mechanism substantially as described whereby said valve is automati-
cally opened and closed by the buckets, as set forth.
43. The combination in a furnace, of the automatically operated valve G and the
endless chain fuel elevator and its casing; with the air supply pipe to said casing and
the devices for automatically regulating the admission of air into the casing at the
moment valve G¹ is operated, all substantially as set forth.
44. The combination of the elevator casing, its endless chain and buckets, and the
trucks therefor, with tracks for the trucks substantially as described.
45. The combination of the elevator casing, its endless chain and buckets and the
receptacle at bottom there of, with the agitator wheel and adjustable gate in said
receptacle, substantially as described.
46. The combination with the fuel elevating buckets, of the adjustable bottoms
therefor constructed and arranged substantially as described.
47. The combination of the furnace, the feed valve, the elevator casing, the
chain and buckets therein; with the tripping levers and connections thereof
with said valve, and the mechanism for operating said chain, substantially as
described.
48. The combination of the furnace, with a steam condensing vessel and means
substantially as described for withdrawing gases from the chimney and returning thein
through said vessel to the furnace, substantially as set forth.
49. The combination of the furnace and boiler; with an air heater and a steam
condenser, and means substantially as described for directing a current of air
through said condenser into the air heater and from thence to the furnace, as
specified.
50. The combination of a steam boiler and furnace, and steam condensers, with
means substantially as described for withdrawing gases from the chimney and
directing them through one of said condensers to the furnace, and means for
directing a current of air through the other condenser to the furnace, substantially
as described.
51. The combination of the air heater and gas trap in the uptake of the furnace,
with the steam condensing vessei and connections between said vessles and gas
trap and air heater respectively, all substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 30th day of September 1889.
VIRGIL WARREN BLANCHARD.