IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR FACING, GROOVING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING BLOCKS OF STONE, PORTIONS THEREOF BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Taylor Lingard, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR FACING,
GROOVING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING BLOCKS OF STONE, PORTIONS THEREOF
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
"
Scaled the 12th August 1870, and dated the 14th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Taylor Lingard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 14th February 1870.
4
7
I, THOMAS TAYLOR LINGARD, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature-of-my
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED
FOR FACING, GROOVING, OR OTHERWISE PREPARING BLOCKS OF STONE, PORTIONS
THEREOF BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES":
-My-Invention-relates-to-a-novel and peculiar arrangement and
construction of mechanism which is designed for the purpose of pro-

page_text: "
ducing an adjustable tool that will "rough cut," finish, groove, and
dress blocks of stone or other materials, to which the machine itself can
be applied, and it is made to act upon a mechanically true surface
independent of the irregularities of the original block after the machine
has been adjusted to its work.
The Invention consists in the application of a frame or ring supported
by the material to be operated upon and clamped thereto by means of
suitable set screws, the said frame or ring forming an artificial
horizon or surrounding plano, upon which the machinery used for
facing or cutting the material can be moved so as at all times to act
in a true plane or at any angle that may be required. The frame or
ring and the entire machinery or apparatus for working or cutting
the stone are portable and casily removable from one block to another,
and the cutters can be applied to all portions of the surface except whoro
the supports for the frame or ring rest upon the block, these portions
being acted upon after the other parts are finished, when the supports
may be adjusted upon the true surface previously "faced up" and there-
fore mechanically correct. The cutters for acting upon the material
may be formed of diamond or other hard stones and also of crystals,
speigeleizen, scales of metalic substances, or compressed steel properly
fixed in suitable holders, which may be made to rotate either hori-
zontally or vertically to act by percussion, or as simple planing or
slotting tools.
The means of actuating the cutters and the various feed motions are
arranged upon the apparatus and are capable of being driven by hand or
power according to circumstances, but more especially I prefer the
employment of small compressed air engines attached to the machines
or connected therewith in such a manner that the escaping air may be
directed to blow upon the cutters and thereby clear away all dust,
grit, or other extraneous matter, and at the same time tend to keep the
cutters and bearings cool and clean.
The tool holders are traversed on slides so arranged as to be adjustable
to the various requirements of the work in hand, the main slide
being made to traverse upon the frame or ring above alluded to, the
principal object of my Invention being to obtain a firm and mechanically
true base parallel to or set at any required angle with the surface
ultimately desired to be produced, and independent of the irregularities
of the original block operated upon.

page_text: My Invention is especially applicable to the furrowing, cracking, and
dressing of millstones and the "
facing up" and moulding of stone for
building purposes, and the planing, moulding, squaring, mitring,
tenoning, and other uses for timber, metals, and other materials to which
the apparatus may be applied instead of placing the material to be
operated upon in a fixed machine..
In the case of machines for dressing millstones it is particularly
designed to set or adjust the machine by the periphery of the stone,
and at the same time to obtain a perfectly uniform base for the
apparatus to act upon independently of the inequalities of the stone
itself.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Taylor Lingard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
TAYLOR LINGARD, of Manchester, Consulting Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the 34th
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Thomas Taylor Lingard, Her special license that
I, the said Thomas Taylor Lingard, my executors, administrators, and ·
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Taylor Lingard, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, tho
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR FACING, GROOVING, OR OTHER-
WISE PREPARING BLOCKS OF STONE, PORTION THEREOF BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas Taylor Lingard, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Taylor Lingard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is
to say-
My Invention relates to a novel and peculiar arrangement and con-
struction of mechanism which is designed for the purpose of producing
an adjustable tool that will "rough cut,” finish, groove, and dress blocks 1
of stone or other materials, to which the machine itself can be applied,
and it is made to act upon a mechanically true surface independent of
the irregularities of the original block after the machine has been
adjusted to its work.
The Invention consists in the application of a frame or ring supported:
by the material to be operated upon and clamped thereto by means of
suitable set screws, the said frame or ring forming an “artificial horizon,”
upon which the machinery used for "facing" or cutting the material
can be moved so as at all times to act in a true plane or at any angle that
may be required. The frame or ring and the entire machinery or
apparatus for working or cutting the stone are portable and casily
removeable from one block to another, and the cutters can be applied to
all portions of the surface except where the supports for the frame or
ring rest upon the block, these portions being acted upon after the other
parts are finished, when the supports may be adjusted upon the true
surface previously "faced up" and therefore mechanically correct. The
cutters for acting upon the material may be formed of diamond or other
hard stones and also of crystals, speigeleizen, or scales of metallic sub-
stances properly fixed in suitable holders which may be made to rotate either
horizontally or vertically to act by percussion, or as simply planing or
slotting tools.
The means of actuating the cutters and the various feed motions are
arranged upon the apparatus and are capable of being driven by hand
or power according to circumstances, but moro especially I prefer the
employment of small compressed air engines attached to the machines
or connected therewith in such a manner that the escaping air may be
directed to blow upon the cutters and thereby clear away all dust, grit,
or other extraneous matter, and at the same time tend to keep the
euffers and hearings cool and clean.

page_text: The tool holders are traversed on slides so arranged as to be adjustible
to the various requirements of the work in hand, the main slide being
made to traverse upon the frame or ring above alluded to, the principle
object of my Invention being to obtain a firm and mechanically truc
base parallel to or set at any required angle with the surface ultimately
desired to be produced, and independent of the irregularities of the
original block operated upon.
My Invention is especially applicable to the furrowing, cracking, and
dressing of millstones and the "facing up" and moulding of stone for
building purposes, and the planing, moulding, squaring, mitring,
tenoning, and other uses for timber, metals, and other materials to
which the apparatus may be applied instead of placing the material to
be operated upon in a fixed machine.
In the case of machines for dressing millstones it is particularly
designed to set or, adjust the machine by the periphery of the stone and
at the same time to obtain a perfectly uniform base for the apparatus
to act upon independently of the inequalities of the stone itself.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained
in detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made to 'a
scale of about 1%, to one foot, and which is shewn as an example of the
application of the improved apparatus to an ordinary millstone.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent that portion of the Invention relating to
the frame or ring, which I term the "artificial horizon," upon which
the apparatus supporting and actuating the cutting tool is mounted.
Figure 1 represents a plan, Figure 2 a transverse section, and Figure 3 a
front clevation of the same.
The cutting tool and apparatus for actuating the same is shown at
Figures 4, 5, and 6; in which Figure 4 represents a plan view of tho
artificial horizon and apparatus for carrying the cutting tool; Figure 5
represents one elevation of the same; and Figure 6 represents a view
of the same taken at right angles to Figure 5.
"
In these Figures a, a, represents an ordinary millstone, to which is
shewn attached the improved tool employed for dressing the same as
herein-after described; b, b, is the "artificial horizon or frame
forming a base or foundation upon which the other portions of the
machine or apparatus is attached or secured and adjusted to the stone a
by means-of-the-fect c, c, and-set-screws d, d. This ring-is-provided
with a groove or other arrangement in-its upper face or surface, which

page_text: forms a medium for clamping or securing the other portions of the
machine into the position required for stone dressing. When the ring b
has been properly adjusted and attached to the stone a the whole surface
of the stone can be faced up excepting the places upon which the feet c, c,
rest. These feet should be permanently set to their required level or
position, but they may be provided with the means of adjustment for
levelling, which can be accomplished by the set screws e, e, or other
equivalent. The fect c', c', may also rest upon the binding ring of the stone..
The portion of the machine carrying the cutting tool is provided with
feet or supports f,f, that when placed in position upon the said ring
are capable of being moved as required in the manner herein-after
mentioned. These feet form the base of the uprights f';f', supporting
the mechanism carrying the cutting tool, which may be adjusted or set
according to the requirements of the stone to be dressed.
The apparatus forming the tool consists in a slide or bed g, g,
stretching across the stone and attached to the uprights f. f, upon the
surface or face of which the slide supporting the cutting tool is
cause to move in a direction parallel to the upper surface of the stone.
Midway between the uprights f,f, a socket, sleeve, or tube i is formed
projecting at right angles to the parallel bed or surface 7, 9, which is
bored for the purpose of receiving the screw 'k. This screw kis
supported or carried in the pedestels 7, 1, resting upon and secured to
the ring b. The projection of the tube or sleeve i immediately in front
of the slide rest / forms the support for the nut n, up on which is
secured the feed ratchet wheel m. This ratchet receives an intemittant
motion through the medium of the pawl o, which for each cut of the
tool is actuated by the rise and fall of the lever p worked by hand or
other equivalent. The slide supports the cutting tool which is
actuated through the medium of the driving wheel q, carrier pullies s,
and band or gut t; during the time the cutter is in action the tool 3
slide is forced along the parallel slide from the outer edge of the stone
towards the eye or centre in a diagonal line governed by the position of
the bed supporting the slide rest h. Each time the slide rest has been
forced to the extent the cutter is required to operate, the handle or
lever actuating the feed motion is moved and thereby gives a slight 3
movement to the slide and cutter rest sufficient for the next groove or
"crack," the distance or pitch of which may be regulated according to
the coarse or fine quality "cracks or cuts desired.
P
"

page_text: The tube u may be connected to the exhaust port of an air engine
for driving the cutter, the escaping air being directed from such pipe to
blow upon the cutters, thereby clearing away all dust, grit, or other
extraneous matter, and also tending to keep the cutters and bearings
5 cool and clean.
The supplementary views A and B represent two arrangements of
cutters, the former being designed as a revolving cutter and the latter
as a percussion cutter or plough, the cutters themselves being composed
of thin steel blades placed and adjusted in their respective seating in
O such a manner that the three or more cutters combined give the
required crack or depth of cut required. The cam for actuating tho
feed motion is made of the same form as the cutters, so that the feed is
always given at the time the first or minimum cutter is coming into
action.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
clearly understood in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The novel construction, arrangement, and adaption to mill-
stones at the time of dressing the same of a frame or ring forming
an "artificial horizon" or foundational bed around the stone, upon
which the mechanism employed for dressing the stone is supported and
adjusted in the manner and for the purpose as herein-before described.
Secondly. The novel employment and use of compressed air created
by a fan, or escaping from the exhaust port of an air engine, to be
3 employed as a medum for keeping the cut or dressing clear and the
bearings of the cutter or cutters cool.
Lastly. The general arrangement, construction, and adaptation of the
several parts forming these improvements, or any slight modification of
the same, composing the apparatus for cutting, cracking, grooving, or
dressing stones or other similar material, as herein-before described, set
forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I have hercunto set my hand and seal, this
Twelfth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
TATAN MINT AND