Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Compressing Hay, Straw, and other like Matters.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Compressing Hay, Straw, and
other like Matters.
I THOMAS THEOPHILUS MAYOS of Llangunnock in the County of Hereford Farmer
do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of the apparatus hereinafter described for use in compressing
hay straw and other like matters which apparatus consists in part of means for
supporting and confining the matter to be compressed and in part of means for
admitting of the application of the required pressure to the said matter.
· The portion of the said apparatus in which the hay or other matter is supported and
confined consists of forked standards secured in an upright position to a suitable base
between which standards boards or plates are or may be arranged so as to form a
trough into which the matter to be compressed is placed. To the said base other
standards are secured in such positions as to close or obstruct the ends of the trough
so formed one or both of which standards is or may be so connected to the base as to
be capable of being removed or turned away from the said trough. The outersides of the
branches of the said forked standards have teeth formed on them and one of the branches
of each of the said forked standards is so connected to the other part thereof or to the
base of the apparatus as to be capable of being removed or turned away from the other
branch in order to open or remove one side of the said trough when required. The
said forked standards are provided with catches or other suitable appliances for
retaining the moveable branches thereof in position when required which catches or
other appliances are or may be so arranged as to be acted on by the standards at the
ends of the trough when the latter are turned down or removed the moveable branches
of the forked standards or some of them being thereby released when the end
standards are removed or turned down.
The portion of the said apparatus by means of which pressure is applied to the hay
or other matter consists of a frame of a size and form suitable to pass over and
surround any one of the said forked standards and of levers provided with means for
connection to the said frame which when the said levers are connected thereto may be

page_text: forcibly drawn down in order to compress the matter in the aforesaid trough by
engaging the ends of the said levers nearest their fulcra with the teeth formed on the
sides of the forked standards and then depressing the free ends of the said levers.
The said frame is provided with horns which tend to prevent the matter under
compression from being forced over the sides of the said trough and the said frame
carries pawls or catches which engage with the teeth formed on the sides of the forked
Standard to which the said frame is applied and prevent it from rising when the levers
are released.
The aforesaid standards or some of them are or may be provided with means for
holding a supply of the material with which the matter to be acted on is required to be
bound after being compressed.
In some cases I provide for the application of power to the aforesaid frame by
means of toothed wheels or toothed wheels and screws geared or connected to the
said frame and to the said standards.
0

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Compressing Hay, Straw,
other like Matters.
and
I THOMAS THEOPHILUS. MAYOS of Llangunnock in the County of Hereford
Farmer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
My invention consists of the apparatus hereinafter described for use in compressing
hay straw and other like matters which apparatus consists in part of means for
supporting and confining the matter to be compressed and in part of means for
admitting of the application of the required pressure to the said matter.
The portion of the said apparatus in which the hay or straw or other matter is
supported and confined consists of standards secured in an upright position to a
suitable base to which standards and base boards or plates are secured so as to form
a trough or box capable of being opened at one side and end into which trough or
box the matter to be compressed is placed. The portions of the said apparatus by
means of which pressure is applied to the hay or other matter consists of frames of a
size and form suitable to pass, over and surround the said standards and of levers
provided with means for connection to the said frames which when the said levers
are connected thereto may be forcibly drawn down in order to compress the matter
in the aforesaid trough or box by engaging the ends of the said lovers nearest their
fulcra with teeth formed on the outer sides of the aforesaid standards or some of them
and depressing the free ends of the said levers. The said frames carry pawls or
catches which engage with the teeth formed on the said standards and prevent the
said frames from rising when the levers are released.
of
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings are perspective views
apparatus constructed according to this Invention the said apparatus being shown in
Figure 1 complete and as it appears when matter is being compressed within it and in
Figure 2 as it appears when the levers are removed and the box or trough is opened
in order to admit of removal therefrom of straw or other matter which has been
compressed therein.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings are geometrical representa-
tions of the same apparatus the trough or box of the said apparatus being shown
charged with straw and the compressing appliances being shown in the positions
which they occupy when straw or other matter is undergoing compression in the
said box or trough. The views represented by the said Figures are as follows
Figure 3 is a front elevation Figure 4 a back elevation Figure a plan Figure 6 a
5 vertical transverse section taken on the line A Figure 3 and Figure 7 a vertical
longitudinal section taken on the line B Figure 6. The scale to which the said
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are drawn is shown on the sheet bearing the front elevation
(Figure 3). The levers by which the compression of the matter in the apparatus

page_text: effected are shown only in Figures 1 and 6. In the following description of the
said apparatus the several parts of the said Drawings are referred to by the letters
and figures marked thereon. The same letters and Figures of reference indicate the
same parts in all the Figures of the said Drawings.
The base is formed of planks of wood a secured to and supported by feet or
bearers b² b³. c¹² c¹ d¹¹ dare the standards which are of wood and are secured.
to the base as hereinafter described. The standards c¹ c¹ d¹ d' are those in which the
teeth are formed some of which teeth are marked c d. The standards c¹ c¹ c* which
are at the back of the apparatus are rigidly connected to the feet 2 by means of
metal plates bent into a channel form as shown at c³ ³ which plates are secured both
to the said standards and the said feet by means of bolts and additional, stability of
the said standards is provided by struts c c. The standards d' d¹ d² which are at
the front of the apparatus are joined to the said feet 62 by means of bolts d³ ³ which
nass through sockets d' d' secured to the said standards and through plates d ds
which are similar in form to the plates c³ ³ and are similarly secured to the
feet 62 62. The other parts of the apparatus which constitute the box or trough into
which the matter to be compressed is placed are marked efghij the part e being
the back the parts fg the ends and the parts hij the front of the said box. These
parts which are also of wood are connected to the base and to the aforesaid standards
and to each other and are formed as hereinafter described. The back e is affixed to
the inner faces of the standards c¹ cl c² and to the back edge of the part a of the
base. The end is affixed to the said part a and to the end part of the back e. The
end g is connected by hinges o' to the part a. The part of the front is affixed to
the inner faces of the standards d' d' d² and the parts ij of the front are respectively
connected to the aforesaid ends f g by means of hinges f¹ f g² g³. The aforesaid
jointed and hinged parts of the box are secured in their closed positions. when
required by the means hereinafter described. The part g is secured by means of a
hooked latch e jointed to the back e the hook of which latch engages with a portion
of the hinge g which projects from the back edge of the said part g. The parts j
of the front are secured by means of a bar affixed to the outer side of the part of
the front notches in the ends of which bar engage with studs on the said
parts when the front standards are in their upright position and the said front
standards and the port of the front which is affixed to them are secured in this
position by means of a strut 1 consisting of a metal rod jointed to one of the
feet 6 and having a hook at its free end which is capable of being engaged with
an eye secured to the front standard d² and by means of metal links or loops k¹ kl.
jointed to tongues (one of which is marked in Figure 6) formed on plates ³ ³
secured to the back standards c¹ c¹ the free ends of which links or loops are capable
of being engaged with the upper ends of the standards d¹ d¹. mm are the metal
frames and n n are levers by means of which pressure is applied to the matter in the
box hereinbefore described. The said frames are of such width as to be capable of
passing freely over the pairs of standards c¹ d' when the box is closed and of being
freely raised and lowered in slots formed in the front and back of the apparatus and
marked ele² ³ ³ j² and the said frames are of such length as to project.
beyond the outer faces of the said standards as shown in Figures 1, 5 and 6. o o are
boards (hereinafter termed plattens) secured by bolts and nuts o¹ o' to the undersides
of the frames'm m the said bolts passing through cross bars m² m² formed between or
secured to the sides of the said frames.
When the apparatus is in use the said plattens bear on the upper surface of the
mass of straw or other matter in the apparatus as shown in Figures 6 and 7 and
their purpose is to distribute over the said surface the force exerted by depressing the
said frames as hereinafter described. m² m² are the pawls carreid by the said frames
which pawls engage with the teeth c c d de formed in the standards c¹ c' d¹ d¹
and mm are antifriction rollers carried by the said frames which rollers bear
against the inner faces of the said standards. The weight of the said frames and
plattens is counter. balanced. by weights pp working in a case p¹ formed at the outer
side of the back e of the apparatus which weights are connected to the said frames

page_text: by cords pp passing over pulleys q' q* q² q2 and under pulleys 7° 9° the said
pulleys g¹ q' being mounted in a support affixed to the top of the standard and the
said pulleys qq in supports formed at the upper ends of the plates k³. By means
of the said weights p p the said frames and plattens when not in their depressed
positions are supported in the position shown in Figure 2 the said frames when in
this position being engaged with the back standards c¹ c' and being prevented from
becoming disengaged therefrom by contact with the lower ends of the plates k³ k³.
which are turned outward as shown at in Figures 4 and 6.
For a purpose which will be apparent on further perusal of this specification
slots ee ee are formed in the back of the apparatus at the lower part and other
slots are formed in the front of the apparatus at the lower part. and bars
of wood. 03 03 (see Figure 7) are secured to the undersides of the plattens o o in
such positions that when the frames m m are in place in the apparatus the spaces
between the said strips will be in line with the said slots and other bars of wood a¹ a¹
(see Figure 7) are secured to the upper face of the part a of the base in similar
positions relatively to the said slots. The levers nn (portions only of which are
shown in Figure 6) are formed of wood shod with metal at their acting ends which
when the said levers are in use are engaged with the teeth on the standards c¹ c² d' d₁
as shown in Figures 2 and 6. The said levers have metal hooks n² n² jointed to
them near the said ends by means of which hooks the said levers are when required
connected as shown in the said Figures 2 and 6 to the ends of the frames m m
which project from, the outer faces of the standards with which they are engaged.
The standards c c d d¹ are formed of bars of ash or other strong wood and the
teeth therein are formed and the said standards are strengthened as follows:-Rows
of stout screws of greater length than the depth of the teeth required are driven into
the wood at those parts which are to constitute the outermost parts of the teeth.
Notches are then cut 'by sawing across the wood between the said rows of screws
and metal plates are screwed to the side faces of the said bars of wood. In
Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawings the aforesaid rows of screws are
shown some of the said screws being marked d in the said Figure and in the
said Figures 3 and 4 and other Figures of the Drawings the said metal plates are
Shown and marked d. The "inner faces of the said standards against which the
anti-friction rollers m³ m³ bear may be faced with metal. 2 are ladders secured
against the outer sides of the end parts f g of the box hereinbefore described and
s is a block-secured between the foot of the ladder and the lower part g of tho said
block which block limits the outward motion of the said part when it is
disconnected from the back part e so as to be free to turn on the hinges ge is a
bar of metal secured across the said back part e of the apparatus for the purpose of
strengthening it. The straw is shown and marked z in all the figures except
Figure 1.
The method of using the said apparatus is hereinafter described it being assumed
at starting that the parts are in the positions represented in Figure 2 and that the
bale of straw shown in the said Figure has been removed. The end part g is pushed
inward and secured by means of the latch e* the parts ij of the front are turned inward on
their hinges until their lower parts bear against the front edge of the part a of
the base. The cords with which the matter to be compressed is to be bound after
being compressed are then laid on the upper face of the said part a in the channels
between the slips of wood a' a' secured thereio and the ends of the said cords are
passed through the slots e e e e³h h³ ³ ³ and allowed to lie outside the apparatus.
A portion of one of the said cords extending from the apparatus through the slot i³
is shown at æ in Figure 1. In the other figures of the Drawings the said cords are
not shown. The middle portion of the front (consisting of the standards d' d' d
and the part-h affixed to them) is then raised to the position shown in Figure 1 and
secured in that position by means of the strut 1. When the said portion of the front
is in this position the ends of the bar 'secured thereto bear against the outer faces
of the parts ij and prevent outward motion of the said parts and the notches formed
in the said ends of the said bar engage with the studs affixed to the said

page_text: parts and resist any tendency to lateral separation of those parts from the
middle portion of the front which carries the said bar. The box or receptacle
consisting of the aforesaid standards and the parts a e f g h i j is now ready to
receive a charge of straw or other matter for compression therein and is charged
as follows: The straw or other matter is thrown in successive portions into the
said box or receptacle and is well trodden down as it is thrown in. When the said
receptacle has been thus filled the front ends of the frames m m carrying the
plattens o o are depressed and engaged with the upper parts of the standards d' di
the looks n n connected to the levers n n are engaged with the ends of the said
frames and the shod ends of the said leyers are engaged with the teeth d in the
Standards c c d d¹ and the free ends of the said levers are depressed. By this means
the straw or other matter in the apparatus is so far compressed as to admit of the
pawls m² m² carried by the frames m m engaging with the upper of the teeth in
the said standards whereby the frames are prevented from rising when pressure is
removed from the levers n n. The said levers are then released and the parts of
the receptacle containing the straw or other matter are further secured by engaging
the free ends of the links or loops k¹k with the upper ends of the front standards d' d¹.
as shown in all the Figures of the Drawings except Figures 2 and 7. The com-
pression of the matter in the apparatus is then proceeded with by engaging the
levers' n n with teeth below those they were previously engaged with and depressing
the free ends of the said levers. When the matter in the apparatus has been so far
compressed that the lower sides of the plattens o o have been brought below the
upper ends of the slots e e e e hijas shown in Figure 7 the matter under
treatment is bound or secured in its compressed state by means of the cords
hereinbefore referred to those ends of the several cords which project from one side
of the apparatus being raised and passed through the upper parts of the slot through
which they project and through the channels between the ribs o² on the undersides
of the plattens and out through the slots at the other side of the apparatus and tied
to the other ends of the said cords which project from that side. The cords may be
conveniently passed through the said slots and channels by means of a forked rod.
When all the cords have been tied the levers n n are again depressed sufficiently to admit
of the pawls m² m² being disengaged from the teeth on the standards the said pawls
are then disengaged from the said teeth and the said levers are removed. The
receptacle containing the bale of compressed matter is then opened by disengaging
the links or loops ¹¹ from the standards d d and raising the frames m m. The
weights p p then draw the said frames and, the plattens oo connected to them
upward until the back ends of the said frames come in contact with the projecting
portions of the plates ³ ³ when the further descent of the said weights p p causes
the said frames to be turned backward until they are in the position shewn in Figure 2.
The links are disengaged and turned backward as shown in the said Figure 2 by the
said frames m m as they rise. The apparatus is then further opened by disengaging
the strut from the eye in the standard d² and lowering the middle portion of
the front and throwing back the parts i j and allowing the part ġ to fall back by
raising the latch e. The parts are then again in the position shown in the said
Figure 2 and the bale of compressed matter may be readily removed.
The apparatus when made of the dimensions shown in the Drawings is of convenient
size for compressing two trusses of hay at one operation. Where the said apparatus
is used for thus compressing hay it is desirable to prevent the interlocking of the
hay in the two trusses during compression and this inay be done by arranging a
partition between the two .trusses. A partition suitably arranged for this purpose
and supported by hook hinges secured to the innerside of the back of the aforesaid
box or receptacle is indicated in broken lines at t in Figures 5 and 7 the position of
the hinges being indicated at t¹ in Figure 5.
The ladders are provided for convenience in entering the receptacle in order
to tread the matter therein when the parts thereof are in their closed position.
Although in the foregoing description I have stated the best means with which I
ain acquainted for practically carrying out my invention and have described in detail

page_text: the construction of the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying Drawings I wish
it to be understood that my said invention is not limited to the precise details of the
construction described as other materials may be substituted for those herein before
described and the form of the said apparatus and the method of constructing it may
be considerably varied without departing from the nature of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Apparatus constructed substantially as hereinbefore described for use in compres-
sing hay straw and other like matters that is to say apparatus consisting essentially
of a box or receptacle for containing the matter to be compressed and means by
which compression of the said matter may be effected therein the said box or
receptacle being so constructed as to be capable of being closed in order to confine
the matter while being compressed therein and of being opened sufficiently to release
the said matter and admit of its ready removal after being compressed and the
means by which compression of the said matter may be effected consisting of frames
formed and adapted to act substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings and of levers adapted to be connected to the said frames
as and for the purpose hereinbefore.described.
T
1000