RESERVE COP Paddy Rice and other Grain or Granular Materials.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 13th July, 1888
Comp ete Specification Accepted, 21st Sept., 1888
RESERVE COP
Paddy Rice and other Grain or Granular Materials.
We, WILLIAM BROCK, Junior, Merchant of 95 Bath Street, PETER MCARA,
Gentleman, of Springboig House, Shettleston, JAMES WALKER, Contractor, of
37 Cranston Street, JAMES AITKEN BIRRELL, Marine Insurance Broker, of Royal
Exchange, and JOHN ADAM, Marine Insurance Broker, of Larch Grove, Shettleston,
all of Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of our Invention to be as
follows:-
Our Invention comprises certain improvements in the modes of, and arrangement
and combination of pneumatic apparatus or appliances for transmitting paddy or rice
from the "Godowns," sheds or houses where it is stored from barges or other boats,
into the hoppers, elevators, and mills for decorticating, cleaning and polishing the rice.
These "Godowns" or Rice sheds for temporally storing the paddy rice between the
landing wharves and the dressing Mills, are of immense ground area, and it is thus
required to lift and transmit the paddy rice as stated to be hulled and cleaned from
various parts, from this great surface storage at the same, or at irregular times to
use up certain parcels and make room or storage for fresh supplies for hours or days
at a time as circumstances require; all this will be effected by our improvements
and pneumatic appliances with greater ease and efficiency, and great saving of
hand labour and expense as compared with doing this work by manual labour as has
hitherto been necessary.
These Improvements are susceptible of considerable modification in the arrange-
ment of the apparatus and its adaptation, and are also applicable for raising and
transmitting other grains than rice, and granular materials from such like large stores,
sheds, or houses to different places or for other treatment.
The nature and novelty of the Invention and the improved arrangement and
combination of the apparatus consist all as follows;-
As applied to the raising and transmitting of paddy rice (for being husked, cleaned
and polished for shipment and sale) from the said large floorage stores as stated, the
improvements consist in fitting and erecting within an adjacent building convenient

page_text: to the said store, a plant of steam boilers and furnaces, and motive power air com-
pressing engines, preferably of the compound horizontal cylinder class, with the
piston rod of the high and low pressure steam cylinders each directly working the
piston of a tandem air pressing cylinder in front; to give and maintain a high
pressure of air as from 10 to 40 lbs. per square inch, within a large air pressure
accumulator or vessel. This vessel would be fitted with all the safety and regulating
fittings to supply any desired pressure of air to the new arrangement of pressure air
main supply and transmitting and local service pipes fitted and carried along the
outside of the larger main pipes which transmit the paddy from all the various local
raising pipes and their entering inducing and forcing air nozzle apparatus, placed in
the heaps of rice to he raised, and to each of which the small air pressure pipes have
to be carried to serve and act within said nozzles to raise and force the rice through
the large pipes as will hereinafter be described in accordance with our improvements.
To effect the raising and transmitting of the paddy rice by the improvements from
within any radius or square, of the great store shed, as from 20 to 30 feet, the plan
area is divided off into squares or circles of the size desired, as say 25 feet, and a
range of the large rice and air transmitting pipes of thin sheet steel, iron or other
metal of preferably from 5 to 10 inches in diameter would be fitted across the centre
of these divisions parallel to each other and the sides of the building, in the direction
the rice has to be conveyed towards the hopper end of the mill, and carried over,
along or under the supporting beams of the rafters supporting the roofs of the shed,
or to special joists or hangers secured close to beams of roofs above the rice to be
removed. The ends furthest away of these pipes would each be closed, but the near
ends would all be led into one, preferably larger, pipe common to them all, each by a
bend or curved branch, one half of the bends preferably turned, to the right and the
other to the left from near the middle of said pipe common to them all to take the
shortest direction towards the ends leading to several pipes for conducting the paddy
rice from this main pipe to the respective hoppers and elevators. Each of the said
parallely ranged pipes carried high over the stored paddy, would have a curved or
branch bend formed or fitted over the centre of each of the said 25 feet divisions, and
to the lower vertical end of each bend a pendent swiveling pipe would be jointed,
with pressure air annula nozzle and its rice inlet and discharge rice and air inducing
trumpet nozzles fitted in the lowest end, and fitted with a telescopic arrangement in
the metal pipe above the nozzles for lowering the inlet nozzle down into the paddy to
within a few inches of the floor, in whatever angular position this inducing and
raising pipe may be oscillated or swung to take up all the paddy within its oscillating
radial range, and division, each pendent lifting pipe reaching to the range of that of
the others round it, to thus raise the paddy for any single or number of the divisions
into which the shed is divided. The swinging air inducing nozzle and telescopic
pipes are jointed to the branch bend at top by a short vertical piece of flexible hose
pipe, to bend or swivel radially as described, or by a hollow ball and socket universal
coupling joint, or by double branch bends fitted to swivel in socket flange joints at
right angles to each other, and radiate to and below the centre of its horizontal pipe
within its respective division. Slide plates or swiveling valves would be fitted to
close and open in the bends leading from each nozzle pendent pipe at the flange
joint nearest the junction of its bend with its horizontal pipe, to open the bend and
close the horizontal pipe behind it, or vice versa close the bend while opening 'the
straight pipe behind it to allow any pendent pipe beyond the closed one to be set on
to work to raise and transmit the paddy. Each of these said slide or oscillating valves
within the pipes would have either a drawing handle or an oscillating handle with
weight respectively outside the pipe for placing and maintaining the valves in their
shut and open positions as described; and these swiveling bends either in the main
longitudinal pipe or on the vertical pipe of the hanging lifting pipe, would be.
made so as to swivel up and be hung nearly horizontally out of the way of the
paddy when filling it into the store, and each lowered down when required for use
for raising and transmitting the grain from its division of the building and be
fitted with a wheel or roller at their lower end, to keep the open end off the ground.

page_text: The small compressed air service pipes would be led along each of these parallel
ranges of grain transmitting pipes, and have a branch conducted and carried down
on the outside of each of the vertical oscillating pipes, each with a screw valve or
tap for leading the compressed air into the forcing chamber of the annular or other
nozzle employed for ejecting the air into the air and grain nozzles and induction
tubes at the lower end of the lifting grain pipe, and which would be constructed
and otherwise act all substantially as described in the Complete Specification of
Patent No. 1123 dated 26 January 1886, in reference to these annular nozzles,
although we do not confine ourselves to the particular arrangements of nozzles
described in the Specification of said Patent, as other nozzles might be fitted to this
new or improved arrangement and combination of pneumatic fittings for raising and
transmitting paddy or other grain or granular material from various parts of an
immense surface storage building, which forms a main novelty and purpose of the
improvements of this Invention.
An alternative or equivalent arrangement for so removing the paddy rice or grain
from various parts of an immense floorage storage building by pneumatic means and
fittings consists in arranging the pipes and knees as described in channels under the
floors of the building, instead of along the top of the building as herein before
described, with deep hoppers in the floor of the building leading down to the ranges
of pipes, and into which the grain would fall by gravitation as taken away by the
bends jointed to one side near the bottom of the hopper, and so remove the grain from
any division and hopper in the building desired. This is effected by opening the
particular pressure air tap or valve of the nozzle and hopper desired to be set to work,
the air pipes being led in along the channels under the ground alongside the large
grain pipes as before explained to each hopper, or with branches to each nozzle and
hopper, and having the respective valves worked at the end of the building, or by
pulling wires from the taps when they were fitted in the branches.
In some cases it is preferred to have the internal surface of the bends, or straight
parts near the bends (where the grain impinges with greatest force) of the paddy rice
or grain conveying pipes made of a hard indurate substance as of chilled cast pipes
or case-hardened sheet iron or steel pipes, or covered internally with this, or coated
internally with porcelain or other glass or silicious enamel, or fitted with solid
branches of porcelain, glass, or earthenware, to resist the wearing action of the husks
of the grain on these parts. And when made of glass or porcelain they might be
jointed into metal sockets, stuffing boxes, or flanges with these, with indiarubber or
other equivalent jointing to maintain the joints air tight.
A further improvement of our Invention consists of a new construction of, and
mode and means of making hose for, the movable bends, or jointing parts near these
of the large pipes through which the paddy rice or other grain is raised and trans-
mitted by the pressure air through them, with a hard metallic surface inside having
sufficient flexibility and elasticity to freely bend or radiate in various directions as
hose, and be still sufficiently rigid to maintain their open tubular form. This
improvement consists in forming the interior of these hose or bending parts, of short
rings or ferules of thin steel, which may be cut out of welded thin steel tubes, of from
one to two inches long or more, and the one end of each rounded or thinned away
on the outside and the other end hollowed or rounded out on the inside so that cach
will enter into the other from an eighth to a quarter of an inch, and so form a rocking
or oscillating universal joint between each ferule.
These ferules so formed would all first be strung close up to each other on to a
cylinder of wood or metal the size of their internal diameter, and of a number or
length sufficient to make the length or bend of hose required and have longer tube
ends fitted to them, to form spigot or socket ends or flanges for jointing to the rigid
or stationary bends or pipes fitted in the buildings; and then be coated on the outside
while in a highly heated state with hard pitch or other rough suface, which would after
cooling be coated with gutta percha or indiarubber solution, after which a layer of
canvas, or insertion of indiarubber and canvas, or it may be a layer of elastic gutta
percha on the canvas, would then be attached to the solutionized tube of ferules,

page_text: preferably made in the form of a broad band, and spirally wound on from end to end
of the outer surface overlapping at the joints. When canvas is first used a layer of
thin india-rubber or insertion would be similarly spirally wound over this, with the
overlapping joints in the centre between the first joints of the canvas; and outside of
all another layer of canvas would be similarly wound to form the whole into a flexible
and sufficiently elastic and rigid hose to yield and bend, when taken of the mandrel,
at every joint, and leave a complete metallic surface throughout the whole length of
the bent tube so formed. Instead of making the metallic surface inside as described,
it might be made with a spiral band of thin sheet steel wound on the mandrel from the
one socket end to the other, the edges of the band being rounded in an equivalent
manner to the tube ferules and inade to overlap each other as spirally wound, so as to
act substantially as the ferules act when covered and coated all as described. Or
otherwise, round or flattened steel or iron wire may be similarly helically coiled on the
mandrel between the extreme flanged or jointing ends, close up to each other
throughout the whole length, so as to make a complete metallic surface from end to
end inside, which would give the elasticity, and with the wear of the grain, soon
become perfectly smooth. In any case the complete new or improved helical interior
metal surface tube whether made of a plate band or wire would be covered as
described in reference to the ferule or ring form with some rubber or gutta percha
canvas coating outside, to give the whole rigidity and fluid pressure tightness as well
as the flexibility and elasticity required in such hose.
Or these interior metal tubes so formed, might be covered with prepared india-
rubber and canvas, and put into moulds, and vulcanized in the furnace in the usual
manner that other rubber hose are, the essential novelty of these improved hose being
the forming of them with a complete metal surface inside capable of bending as hose,
while resisting the wearing action of the paddy or other grain passing through them,
and when the rings were used as first described, the rings might be enamelled to give
them greater smoothness and enduring power against the wearing action of the paddy
or grain.
A further improvement of this Invention when applied to paddy, or rice with the
husk on, consists in utilizing the pressure air escaping with the rice into the close
hoppers of the mill for conducting the air and dust or loose paddy or husks through
pipes or other conduits to the furnaces of the steam boilers to assist in working these
furnaces by forced draught and getting quit of all the dust and loose paddy from the
rice and hopper; and forced jets of air direct from the air forcing apparatus may also
be used for transmitting the paddy or husks from the decorticating mills to the steam
furnaces or to hoppers delivering the husks into the furnaces for fuel which would save
the manual labor at present employed for that purpose.
Dated this 18th day of October 1887.

page_text: Paddy Rice and other Grain or Granular Materials.
We, WILLIAM BROCK, Junior, Merchant, of 95 Bath Street, PETER MCARA,
Gentleman, of Springboig House, Shettleston, JAMES WALKER, Contractor, of 37
Cranston Street, JAMES AITKEN BIRRELL, Marine Insurance Broker, of Royal
Exchange, and JOHN ADAM, Marine Insurance Broker, of Larch Grove, Shettleston,
all of Glasgow, Lanarkshire, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying five Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say :-
"
Our Invention comprises certain improvements in the modes of, and arrangements
and combination of pneumatic apparatus or appliances for, transmitting paddy rice
from "Godowns," sheds or houses where it is stored from barges or other boats, into
the hoppers, elevators, and mills for decorticating, cleaning and polishing the rice.
These "Godowns or rice sheds for temporally storing the paddy rice between the
landing wharves and the dressing mills, are of immense ground area, and it is thus
required to lift and transmit the paddy rice as stated to be hulled and cleaned from
various parts from this great surface storage at the same, or at irregular times to use
up certain parcels and make room or storage for fresh supplies for hours or days at a
time as circumstances require; all this will be effected by our improvements and
pneumatic appliances with greater ease and efficiency, and great saving of hand labour
and expense as compared with doing this work by manual labour as has hitherto been
necessary.
These improvements are susceptible of considerable modification in the arrangement
of the apparatus and its adaptation and are also applicable for raising and transmitting
other grains than rice, and granular materials from such like large stores, sheds, or
houses to different places or for other treatment.
And in order that our said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto
appended five Sheets of explanatory Drawings, in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures where shown. Figure 1
on Sheet 1 shows a plan, with the roof removed, of the large ground shed stores A,
termed "Godowns" used in India for receiving and storing the paddy rice P, from
the river barges Z, close to the rice cleaning and hulling mills, the end H of which
is also shown in the plan, and its hopper receivers h for serving the paddy P to the
elevators H', at the end of the mill with the grain conducting pipes G as broken away
at 1-1, all as fitted with one arrangement of our improvements and air compressing
engines E for serving and delivering the paddy P to the said hoppers h of the mill H
with the rice and air conveying pipes G arranged in the upper part of the sheds A
over the paddy P and air pressure pipes F F¹ close to them. Figures 2 and 3 on
Sheet 2, show a side and end sectional elevation on the lines 2---2 and 3 --- 3,

page_text: respectively of and corresponding to Figure 1, the latter indicating one of the
barges Z, close to the sheds A where the paddy P is stored. Figures 4 and 5 on
Sheet 3 show a sectional side elevation, and a plan, respectively, of part of one of the
paddy storing shed "godowns" A and end hoppers h, to the elevators of the mill H
corresponding to Figure 1, but showing a different or alternative arrangement of our
improvements in the air forcing and paddy transmitting pipes G, G, with hoppers J¹
the pipes being ranged in channels J below the sheds A instead of above as in
Figures to 3. Figure 6 on Sheet 4, shows a sectional end elevation of the sheds A,
and improved arrangements of the paddy and air pipes G, F, F, at right angles to
and corresponding to Figures 4 and 5. Figures 7 and 8 on Sheet +, show a side
section and end elevation respectively, of one of the new or improved compressed air
and paddy or grain inducing nozzle apparatus G2, G3, and bend pipes G₁, G¹¹, leading
from the lower delivery end of the hoppers J¹ to the main conducting pipes G, all
to a large scale, to show the details more clearly than is seen in Figures 4 to 6.
Figures 9 to 14 on. Sheet 5 show various details of the arrangements of the
nozzles G2, G3, and slide plates or valves, and other fittings shown to a large scale,
to indicate their construction more clearly than can be seen in the general small
scale views, Figures 1 to 3 and the improvements in the new construction of
telescopic pipes II' and bends G', for conveying the air and paddy or other grain to
and through the main grain conveying pipes G.
.
Referring to these Drawings, and particularly to the general views Figures 1 to 3
and the details Figures 9 to 14:-The nature and novelty of the invention and the
improved arrangements and combinations of the apparatus consist all as follows:-
'As applied to the raising and transmitting of paddy rice P (being husked cleaned
and polished for shipment and sale) from the said large floorage shed stores A as stated
which in Figures 2 and 3 are shown of an ordinary construction built on strong rows
of posts A, round the outer walls and under the upper sills or lintels A', for supporting
the ends of the rafters A¹¹ of the roofs A2 which are shown both as running longi-
tudinally and transversely in the Drawings. The improvements consist in fitting and
erecting within or at the end of an adjacent building convenient to the said store A, a
plant of steam boilers and furnaces, and motive power air compressing engines, which
latter only are shown in plan at E Figure 1 in the Drawings. These engines would
preferably be of the compound horizontal cylinder class, with the piston rods e, e, of
the high and low pressure steam cylinders E', E3, each directly working the piston of
a tandem air pressing cylinder E³, E3, in front, to give and maintain a high pressure
of air, as from 10 to 40 lbs. per square inch, within a large air pressure accumulator
or vessel E. This vessel E would be fitted with all the safety and regulating valves
and fittings to supply any desired pressure of air to the new arrangement of pressure
air main supply and transmitting and local service pipes F, F¹ fitted and secured along
the outside of the larger main transmitting grain pipes G which transmit the paddy P
from all the various local raising pipes G, I, 1, and their entering inducing and
forcing air nozzle apparatus G2, G3, as seen led down into the heaps of rice P to be
raised in the arrangements shown in Figures 1 to 3, and to each of which a branch F¹¹
with service cock or valve F2 from the small air pressure pipe F", has to be carried to
serve and act within the annular air space G2 of the nozzle part G2, G3, to raise and
force the rice P through the induction pipes G", G, and the telescopic and main con-
ducting large pipes II, G, as will hereinafter be described in accordance with our
improvements. To effect the raising and transmitting of the paddy rice P by these,
improvements from within any radius or square, or area as indicated by dotted lines.
at a, a, a, a³, and so on of the great store shed A, as from 20 to 30 feet, the plan.area
is divided off into squares or circles a of the size desired, as say 25 feet, and a range of
the large rice and air transmitting pipes G, of thin sheet steel, iron or other metal of
preferably from 5 to 10 inches in diameter is fitted across the centre of these divisions
parallel to each other and the sides of the buildings, in the direction the rice P has to be
conveyed towards the hopper h and elevating end H of the rice cleaning mill, and carried
over, along or under the supporting beams A¹ of the rafters A" supporting the roofs A²,
of the shed A, or to special joists or hangers secured close to beams A³ of roof A³, above

page_text: the rice P, to be removed. By one arrangement as seen in Figure 1, these main
pipes G would each have their ends furthest away closed, but the ends nearest to the
mill H would each be led forward towards the mill H, those on the right and those on
the left through bends and pipes g, g', back towards the mill H and have their delivery
ends g² led into the upper part of this receiving hopper chamber or chambers / leading
the paddy rice P down to the ordinary bucket chain of the elevators only indicated in
dotted lines in Figure 2 of the Drawings. But when desired two or more of these
individual pipes G, might be led by the bends g into one common large pipe
instead of the several pipes g¹ leading to the hopper or hoppers h; all so as to
take the shortest direction towards the ends or bends g, g, leading to the several
pipes g, g, for conducting the paddy rice P, from these main pipes G, G to the
respective divisions of the hoppers h and elevators of the mill H. Each of the said
parallely ranged pipes G carried high over the "godowns "A of the stored paddy P
would have a curved or branch bend G¹ formed or fitted over the centre of each of the
said 25 feet divisions a, a, a, a³, and to the lower vertical end of each bend G¹a
pendent swiveling pipe II would be jointed, with induction pipes G", and pressure air
annular nozzle apparatus G2, G3, and its rice inlet and discharge rice and air inducing
trumpet nozzles G³, G, G₁, fitted at the lowest end of the hanging pipes Gu and
fitted with a telescopic arrangement of pipe I, I, and either with a ball and socket
joint G, G, above the nozzle apparatus G, G³, as indicated in Figures 3, and 12, or
with an elastic pipe Go for swivelling the inlet nozzle pipe G³, I, down into the paddy P
to within a few inches of the floor, in whatever angular position this inducing and
raising pipe G may be oscillated or swung to take up all the paddy P within its
oscillating radial range and division, cach pendant lifting pipe G" reaching to the
range of that of the others round it as indicated by the dotted circles a, a¹, a², in
Figure 1, to thus raise the paddy P, from any one or number of the divisions a, into
which the shed A is divided. The swivelling air and paddy inducing nozzle and
telescopic pipes G² G¹¹, I, I¹, are by one arrangement jointed to the branch bend G¹ at
top by a short vertical piece of flexible hose pipe G, Figure 9 to bend or swivel
radially as described; or by the hollow ball and socket universal coupling joint as
shown at G, G, Figure 12 or it might be by double branch vertical and horizontal
bends as shown at G7 in Figures 1 and 3 and Figures 13 and 14, fitted to swivel in
socket screw and flange joints I, I³, at right angles to each other, and radiate to and
below the centre of its horizontal pipe G, G¹, within its respective division a.
Slide
plates or swivelling valves are fitted in slide chambers to close and open the
pipes G near the bends G¹, leading from each nozzle pendant pipe G, I, at the flange
joint nearest the junctions of its. bend G¹ with its horizontal pipe G; as shown
particularly in Figures 9 to 12, (or near the nozzles G2, G3, at Gas seen particularly
in one arrangement in Figures 7 and 8), to open the bend G¹ and close the horizontal
pipe G behind it, or vice versa close the bend G¹ while opening the straight pipe G
behind it, or each nozzle apparatus G³, G³, as the case may be, to allow any pendent
pipe G, I, beyond the closed one to be set on to work to raise and transmit the
paddy P. Each of these said slides or oscillating valves i, within the pipe G would have
a hole, through it and either a drawing handle or an oscillating handle, outside
the pipe for opening or shutting the valves i and might have a weight or other
equivalent for maintaining it in its shut or open position; and these pipes G", and I,
and their service air pipes F", by their swivelling joint parts G, G', or F³, either in
the main longitudinal pipe G or on the vertical pipe of the hanging lifting pipe G",
would preferably be made so as to swivel up and be hung nearly horizontally with
their pipes G, out of the way of the paddy P when filling it into the store A; and
each pipe G be lowered down when required for use for raising and transmitting
the grain P, from its division a of the building, and might be fitted with a wheel or
roller I at their lower ends either in the centre or as dotted in to one side, to keep
the open nozzle end G³, off the ground. The small compressed air service pipe F,
would be led along each of these parallel ranges of grain transmitting pipes G from
one common pipe F, and have a branch F conducted and carried down on the
outside of each of the vertical oscillating pipes I, G", each with a screw valve or

page_text: tap F' for leading the compressed air into the forcing chamber G2 of the annular or
other nozzle G³, G employed for ejecting the air into the air and grain nozzles G³,
and induction tubes G" at the lower end of the lifting grain pipe I, and which would
be constructed and otherwise act all substantially as described in the Complete Speci-
fication of the Patent No. 1123 dated 26th January 1886, in reference to these annular 5
nozzles, although we do not confine ourselves to the particular arrangements of nozzles
described in the Specification of said Patent, as other nozzles such as central jet nozzles
might be fitted to this new or improved arrangement and combination of pneu-
matic fittings for raising and transmitting paddy or other grain or granular
material from various parts of an immense surface storage building, which form a 1
main novelty and purpose of the improvements of this Invention.
An alternative or equivalent arrangement of these improvements for so removing
the paddy rice or grain P from various parts or areas a of an immense floorage
storage building A by pneumatic means and fittings is shown in Figures 4 to 8, on
Sheets 3 and 4, and consists in arranging the parallel rows of pipes G and knees G³, 1
as described, in channels J, under the floor level A*, of the building A, instead of
along the top of the building A as hereinbefore described in reference to Sheets 1, 2
and 5, with deep hoppers J' in the floor of the building A, with their lower apex over
the ranges of pipes G, and into which the grain would fall by gravitation as taken
away by the nozzle apparatus G³, G³, and bends G G jointed at J' to one side near 2
the bottom of the hopper J¹ and so remove the paddy or grain P from any division
and hopper J¹ in the building desired. This is effected by opening the particular
slide plate. and the pressure air tap or valve F2 of the nozzles G2, G3, and hopper J',
desired to be set to work, the air pressure service pipes F", being led in along the
channels J, under the ground alongside the large grain pipes G as before explained
with taps and branches F, F1, to each nozzle and hopper, and having the respective
valves and F worked at the end of the building A, as by pulling wires from the
taps F when they were fitted on the branches.
2
A further improvement of this invention when applied to paddy or rice P with
the husk on, consists in utilizing the pressure air escaping with the rice into the
close hoppers of the mill H as shown in Figures 4 and 5, for conducting the air
and dust or loose paddy or husks through pipes or other conduits * led from the
upper part of the hopper closed in by lids h¹, and conveyed thence to the furnaces
of the steam boilers to assist in working these furnaces by forced draught and
getting quit of all the dust and loose paddy husk from the rice P and hopper h; and
further, forced jets of air direct from the air forcing receiver E, may also be used
for transmitting the paddy or husks of the paddy P, from the decorticating mills to
the steam furnaces, or to hoppers delivering the husks into the furnaces for fuel which
would save the manual labour at present employed for that purpose.
In some cases it is preferred to have the internal surface of the bends G¹, g, or
straight parts near the bends (where the grain impinges with greatest force) of the
paddy rice or grain conveying pipes G, made of a hard indurate substance as of
chilled cast pipes or case-hardened sheet iron or steel pipes or fitted with blocks of
these as indicated at Gx in Figures 7 and 8, or covered internally with this, or coated
internally with porcelain or other glass or silicious enamel, or fitted with solid
branches of porcelain, glass, or earthenware, to resist the wearing action of the
husks of the paddy or grain P on these bend parts. And when these bends are made
of glass or porcelain they might be jointed into metal sockets, stuffing boxes, or
flanges with these, to the pipes G, with india-rubber or other equivalent jointing to
maintain the joints air-tight.
A further improvement of our invention consists of a new construction of, and
mode and means of making hose Go, instead of movable bends G', G', or jointing
parts near these of the large pipes G, through which the paddy rice or other grain P
is raised and transmitted by the pressure air through them with a hard metallic
surface inside having sufficient flexibility and elasticity to freely bend or radiate in
various directions as hose, and be still sufficiently rigid to maintain their open tubular
One arrangement of this improvement consists as shown in Figure 9, in
form.

page_text: :
forming the interior of these hose or bending parts G, of short rings or ferrules j, of
thin steel or other metal which may be cut out of welded thin steel tubes, of from
one to two inches long or more, and the one end of each rounded or thinned away
on the outside and the other end hollowed or rounded out on the inside so that each
will enter into the other as shown at j¹ from an eighth to a quarter of an inch, and so
form a rocking or oscillating universal joint between each ferrule j. These ferrules ;
so formed would all first be strung close up to each other on to a cylinder of wood or
metal the size of their internal diameter, and of a number or length sufficient to
make the length or bending piece G of hose required, and have longer tube ends
fitted to them, to form spigot or socket ends or flanges at 2, for jointing to the rigid
or stationary bends or pipes G¹, and I, fitted in the buildings and then be coated on
the outside while in a highly heated state with hard pitch or other rough surface,
which would after cooling he coated with gutta-percha or india-rubber solution, after
which a layer of canvas, or insertion of india-rubber and canvas, or it may be a
layer of elastic gutta-percha on the canvas, would then be attached to the solutionized
tube of ferrules as indicated at j" preferably made in the form of a broad band, and
spirally wound on from end to end of the outer surface overlapping at the joints.
When canvas is first used a layer of thin india-rubber or insertion would be
similarly spirally wound over this, with the overlapping joints in the centre between
the first joints of the canvas; and outside of all another layer of canvas j³ would be
similarly wound to form the whole into a flexible and sufficiently elastic and rigid
hose to yield and bend, when taken off the mandrel, at every joint, and leave a
complete metallic internal surface j of rings throughout the whole length of this
bending tube G so formed. Instead of making the metallic surface of ferrules ;
inside as described, it might be made with a spiral band of thin sheet steel wound on
the mandrel from the one socket end to the other the edges of the band being
rounded in an equivalent manner to the tube ferrules j and made to overlap each
other as spirally wound, so as to act substantially as the ferrules j act when covered
and coated all as described and as shown particularly in Figure 11.
Or otherwise,
round or flattened steel or iron wire may be similarly helically coiled on the mandrel
between the extreme flanged or jointed ends 1, 3, close up to each other throughout
the whole length, so as to make a complete metallic surface from end to end inside,
which would give the elasticity, and with the wear of the grain soon become perfectly
smooth. In any case the complete new or improved helical interior metal surface
tube whether made of a plate band, or wire, would be covered and wound as
described in reference to the ferrule or ring form j with layers of rubber and gutta-
percha and canvas coating ¹¹, 3, outside, to give the whole rigidity and fluid pressure
tightness as well as the flexibilty and elasticity required in such pipes or hose where
they have to hend. Or these interior metal tubes j, so formed, might be covered
with prepared india-rubber and canvas, and put into moulds and vulcanized in the
furnace in the usual manner that other rubber hose are; the essential novelty of
these improved hose being the forming of them with a complete metal surface j inside
capable of bending as hose, while resisting the wearing action of the paddy or other
grain passing through them, and when the rings or ferrules ; were used as first
described, the rings might be enamelled to give them greater smoothness and enduring
power against the wearing action of the paddy or grain P. But ordinary rubber
and canvas hose might be used, as shown at F³, in Figure 9, for the bends of the
pressure air service pipes f".
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The modes of, and means or general arrangement and combination of
pneumatic apparatus or appliances for, transmitting paddy rice from "godowns" or
sheds, to the hoppers, elevators, and mills or for transmitting grain or other granular
material, substantially as and in the manner herein described, in reference to and
shown in the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Second. The arrangement and combination of pipes and nozzle apparatus fitted
parallelly across the centre of the divisions or squares and circles, for transmitting or
conveying the paddy rice by compressed air from any local position of the sheds or
stores substantially as and in the inanner herein described, in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In paddy rice or grain pneumatic transmitting appliances, the arrangement,
and use of pendent swivelling pipes, with pressure air and paddy inlet and trans-
mitting nozzles, and the arrangement of telescopic joint in the pipes above the nozzles
for lowering the inlet nozzle into the paddy or grain, substantially as and in the
manner herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In paddy rice or grain pneumatic transmitting appliances, the arrangement
and use of slide or swivelling plate valves fitted to close and open the paddy and
grain conducting pipes, substantially as and in the manner herein described, in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The constructing of bending hose with metallic interior surfaces, either in
the form of ferrules or spiral bands for the transmission of paddy rice, grain or other
granular material by pressure fluids, substantially as herein described, in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. In paddy rice or grain pneumatic transmitting appliances, the utilizing and
conveying of the pressure air escaping with the paddy for conducting the dust or
loose paddy or husks, through pipes or conduits to the furnaces of steam boilers, and
the arrangement for using forced jets of pressure air direct from air forcing
apparatus for transmitting the paddy or husks from the decorticating mills, to the
furnaces of steam boilers substantially as and in the manner herein described, in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
101
P
2000