Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 26th July, 1887.
[Communicated to me from abroad by SAMUEL STOUGHTON STEVENS, of North
Hoosick, in the town of Hoosick, County of Rensselaer, State of New York,
United States of America, Manufacturer of Paper.]
I HENRY GARDNER of 166 Fleet Street, city of London, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to treat stock or material from which paper is to be
made in a novel and continuous manner and to use apparatus of a special kind all
as hereafter described.
Heretofore the stock has been submitted to a boiling or cooking process in an open
vessel, or by the injection of steam and alkali in a close vessel, and the same kept
in motion in order to bring the alkali in contact with all the fibres of the stock.
The best plan heretofore used consists in a revolving boiler where hot alkali is placed
in the boiler together with the stock and made to revolve, steam being introduced
while revolving to keep the alkali hot, and by this means the stock is reduced to a
pulp, and the ink or other foreign substance which may be upon the stock, is freed
from it by the chemical action of the alkali, and will be mixed through it. When
this treatment has been kept up a sufficient length of time, the boiler is stopped and
allowed to cool sufficiently to remove the stock to the washer. This consumes time.
In this old treatment, a certain quantity is put into the boiler and is treated until
the whole is sufficiently cooked and the process is of longer duration and has a
tendency to set the color of the ink somewhat, into the fibre of the stock and the
stock will not be as white as when treated by the present process, so that it will
require more bleaching which also increases the expense.
I use what is known in the art of paper making, the machine called the "Rag or
Rope Devil or Picker" and take the stock after it has passed through the "Duster"
(where it is necessary to use the "Duster" which depends on the condition of the
stock) directly through a hopper, together with the hot alkali, into the small end
of the "devil."
The invention will be clearly understood by reference to the drawings hereto
annexed.

page_text: Figure 1 is a view in perspective of the machine, complete.
Figure 2 is a view partly in clevation, and partly in longitudinal cross section.
Figure 3 is a view in perspective of the upper portion of the machine, which can
be used for certain kinds of stock without the lower portion.
Figure 4 is a view in perspective of one of the pins when steam is admitted
through it. Similar letters of reference refer to the same parts in the several
figures.
The nature of this invention consists in arranging the machinery in such a way
as to treat the stock, which is to be made into paper, continuously from the time the
stock is first taken from the hale until it is delivered to the washing tubs or washers,
without stopping the machine to cool or remove the stock, but in such a way as it
will move through in one continuous stream.
Steam is injected through the outer shell of the "Devil" and comes in contact
with the alkali and stock and keeps it hot, and increases the temperature.
The action of the "devil" on the stock, tears the paper, or other stock akin to it,
to pieces by means of the teeth in the usual way, at the same time the alkali and
steam are acting upon it while it is passing through the annular space between the
outer surface of the revolving cone, and the inner surface of the shell, the stock
being moved by centrifugal force, owing to the revolution of the cone, will pass to
the larger end of the cylinder.
The steam and hot alkali will act on a smaller amount of the stock at a time;
in other words, the stock will be in a thin layer in the annular space above referred
to, and the alkali will act at the same moment that the teeth are acting on the fibre
and the result will be more quickly attained than in the old process.
When it is required to treat the stock still more, owing to its coarser nature which
requiers more subdueing; in connection with the "Devil" is employed, what is known
as the "Jordan Engine" above which is placed the "Devil" with its large end over
the small end of the "Jordan Engine" as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use this invention I will proceed
to describe the same with reference to the drawings.
C is the "Devil" furnished with teeth on the outer surface of the conical revolving
cylinder and on the inner surface of the stationary shell in the usual well known way.
E is the "Jordan Engine." B' is the hopper into which the stock and hot alkali
are introduced which pass down together on to the revolving cylinder.
A is the reservoir which contains the hot alkali, which may he pumped up from
where it is heated, or if the mill is so arranged, it can be heated in the reservoir and
save the pumping process.
The reservoir is connected by a pipe a, to the hopper B₁ through which the hot
alkali passes. This pipe a is made in the form of an inverted T at its lower end,
with the branches a² perforated, so the hot alkali will be discharged in a row of small
streams, which will meet the stream of stock brought up by the elevator B, as it is
delivered to the hopper. This diffuses the alkali over the stock evenly instead of
delivering it in one solid stream. This brings the hot alkali in contact with all the
stock as it enters the "Devil." This pipe is provided with a gauge cock to enable
the attendant to regulate the amount of alkali required.
Steam may be admitted in any portion of the shell, but it should be somewhat
remote from the hopper when the stock enters, as the force of the steam too near
that point will tend to blow out of the opening. It is shown in Figure 3 in two
places and in Figures 1 and 2 in one place.
D' is the pipe which conveys the steam and is provided with a gauge cock D
to regulate the amount required.
In Figure 3 I show it as entering at the top and also as entering through the
journal c which is made hollow and communicates with the hollow portion of the
cylinder Either of the journals may be used for this purpose.
Where this last device is used the cylinder is constructed with an iron or steel
shell, and the teeth fastened to it on the outside.
These teeth are made hollow, or with a hole through them lengthwise, which

page_text: connect with the inside of the cylinder by means of holes in the shell of the cylinder,
so that the steam can pass from the inside of the cylinder through each one of the
teeth, and then come in contact with the stock uniformly through the whole length
of the cylinder.
The body of the cylinder may be perforated with a sufficient number of holes
to allow the passage of the steam from the inside of the cylinder to the stock, in
which case the teeth are made solid. One of these teeth is shown in sectional
perspective in Figure 4. In Figure 1, the steam pipe is shown as entering on the
side, and in Figure 3, as entering on the top.
The outside shell of the "devil" C is constructed with a depression d² on the lowest
part of its circumference, and running lengthwise, so that any heavy substances, like
nails, will, by their own gravity, fall into the depression. This depression is furnished
at each end with an opening with proper devices for keeping them closed while
the machine is in operation, and it is also provided with a scraper attached to a
handle d, which the operator can draw back and forth, and when the openings are
open, can scrape out all that may be held in the depression. C¹ represents the
discharge pipe for the pulp when the operation is complete when the "devil" only is
used, and F is the discharge pipe when both devil" and "Jordan engine" are used.
D is a pipe to connect the "devil" and "Jordan engine" when both are to be used
for conveying the stock from the larger end of the "devil," to the small end of the
"Jordan engine," and is provided with a cock to close the pipe when the "devil"
only is used. The discharge pipe is also provided with a cock to be closed when
both "devil" and "Jordan engine are used, as the stock will pass from the "devil"
to and through the "Jordan engine" and be discharged through the pipe F to the
washer.
2
A steam pipe is connected with the connecting pipe D with a proper gauge cock to
admit steam into the "Jordan engine" to keep up the heat when both "devil" and
"Jordan engine" are used.
The discharge pipe, when the "devil" is used alone, and the "Jordan engine" is
idle, is shown in Figure 1 as attached to the side of the outside shell; and in Figure 3
when the "devil" is set up by itself, without the "Jordan engine," the discharge pipe
is shown attached to the larger end of the outer shell. These attachments are however
of minor importance and will be governed somewhat by any modifications in the
construction and arrangement of the entire mill; but must, in all cases, take the stock
from the large end of either the conical shell of the "devil," or of the larger end of the
"Jordan engine."
It frequently occurs that in some kinds of stock, there are pieces of twine and other
things which may hang around the teeth in the "devil," and it is necessary to have
occasional access to clear the teeth. In order to do this readily, one or more of the
lugs D³ which form the outer surface of the shell is or are provided with hinges d¹
and buttons e, by which it can be opened, and the attendant will have ready access to
the interior to remove such obstructions.
Motion is communicated to the shaft which supports the one or the other of the two
and when both members are
members, that is, the "devil," or the "Jordan engine;
used, it is communicated to the other members.
In Figure 1, the power is shown as applied to the "Jordan engine" and from
there, by gears, to the "devil," but this may be modified to suit circumstances.
It is necessary sometimes to introduce more liquid than will be furnished by the
hot alkali and the steam; and to do this, hot water is pumped in sufficient quantities
into the hopper B₁. This is shown by a pipe a¹ Figure 1. The operation is as
follows: The stock is taken from a bale and placed on an apron which carries it to
the hopper B', when the stock is of such a nature as not to require the use of the
"duster," or it may be taken from an upper floor and dumped directly into the
hopper. When the "duster" is used another apron is used to convey the stock from
the duster" to the hopper. The "duster" is a machine well known in the art of
paper-making. The stream of stock meets the stream of hot alkali, and both enter
the hopper together, the chemical action of the alkali commencing as soon as they
:

page_text: meet, and passing together upon the revolving cylinder of the "devil" are taken by
the pins through the machine, the steam passing into the devil" to keep the alkali
hot and increase its temperature.
The pins or teeth on the rotating cylinder passing between the pins or teeth on the
interior surface of the shell, tears the stock into fine pieces; the hot alkali cuts the
ink or other foreign substances from the fibre of the stock, and frees the stock from it;
and the joint action of the pins in the "devil," as the cylinder is rotated with the
action of the hot alkali, reduces the stock to a pulpy substance, very quickly, as the
alkali comes in contact with all the fibres of the stock at the instant the stock is torn
fine. The action is simultaneous and constant, and by the time it has passed the
whole length of the "devil" in one case, or, (if it is required), through the whole
length of both "devil" and "Jordan engine," it is discharged direct to the washer.
When it reaches the washer the fibres of the stock are thoroughly separated from ink
or any foreign substances, the ink or other foreign substances being held in solution
but mixed in with the fibres of the stock. The washer readily washes out the foreign
substances, and leaves the pulp clean to go to the bleacher. It will be seen that the
operation is continuous and there is no stopping of the process to allow the rotary
boiler to cool, and remove the stock from it, as there is no rotary boiler; and it is
found in practice that the colour of the stock is much whiter, and therefore requires
less bleaching than in the old process for reasons herein before stated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The hereinbefore described process for manufacturing pulp from paper stock,
wherein the stock, alkali, and steam are all introduced into the "devil" and discharged
from it continuously substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. The hereinbefore described process for manufacturing pulp from paper stock,
wherein stock alkali, and steam are first passed through the "devil," and then through
the "Jordan engine" and discharged from it continuously substantially as and for the
purpose described.