IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC-LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Norman Aronson, of Old Broad Street, in the
City of London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC-LAMPS."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Norman Aronson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1882.
JOSEPH NORMAN ARONSON of Old Broad Street, in the City of London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
An incandescence electric lamp according to my invention is constructed with a
globe or translucent containing vessel having one or more reflectors formed in on
or with the material of such globe or vessel itself. The reflective surface may be
produced by silvering, painting, gilding or enamelling the material of the globe or
vessel either inside or out, or by shaping the globe or vessel so that it shall form
one or more dioptric or cata-dioptric lenses or prisms.
Incandescence lamp globes or containing vessels embodying my invention may
be made according to various designs. When arranged vertically, the upper
surface may be made reflective to throw the light downwards. Or the globe or
vessel may be of a corrugated conical form, the corrugations being partly reflective
and partly translucent. In such case it may include a main body portion, a throat
or neck and a head portion of reversely angular shape, resembling two frusta of
cones with their bases adjoining.
When it is desired to throw the light to one side only in an inclined or in a
horizontal direction, as on the stage of a theatre, one side of the globe or vessel
may be made reflective and the other be plain or corrugated as the case may be.
When a dioptric or cata-dioptric arrangement is adopted the globe or vessel is
blown, pressed, or cut in such a form that the rays of light, or part of them,
emitted from the incandescent filament in a certain direction, are refracted as they
enter and leave the material of the globe or vessel at a very considerable angle.
Or the rays may be first refracted and then totally reflected.
It will be obvious that other forms of globes or vessels may be constructed on
the principle of my invention.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Norman Aronson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st July 1882.
JOSEPH NORMAN ARONSON of Old Broad Street in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
An incandescence electric lamp according to my invention is constructed with a
globe or translucent containing vessel having one or more reflectors formed in on
or with the material of such globe or vessel itself. The reflective surface may be
produced by silvering, painting, gilding or enamelling the material of the globe or
vessel either inside or out, or by shaping the globe or vessel so that it shall form
one or more dioptric or cata-dioptric lenses or prisms.
Incandescence lamp globes or containing vessels embodying my invention may
be made according to various designs. When arranged vertically the upper
surface may be made reflective to throw the light downwards. Or the globe or
vessel may be of a corrugated conical form, the corrugations being partly reflective
and partly translucent. In such case it may include a main body portion, a throat
or neck and a head portion of reversely angular shape, resembling two frusta of
cones with their bases adjoining. When it is desired to throw the light to one
side only in an inclined or in a horizontal direction, as on the stage of a theatre,
one side of the globe or vessel may be made reflective and the other be plain or
corrugated as the case may be.
When a dioptric or cata-dioptric arrangement is adopted the globe or vessel
is blown, pressed, or cut in such a form that the rays of light, or part of them,
emitted from the incandescent filament in a certain direction, are refracted as they
enter and leave the material of the globe or vessel at a very considerable angle.
Or the rays may be first refracted and then totally reflected.
In the accompanying sheets of drawings seven forms or shapes of globes or con-
taining-vessels constructed in accordance with my invention are illustrated.
In each view the part A intended to receive the incandescing filament, is shewn as
of the ordinary shape. The part B is designed to reflect or refract or disperse the
light and is variously shaped according to the position and circumstances in which
it is intended to be employed. C is the stem through which the conducting wires
pass.
In Fig. 1 the whole of the surface above the line a-b is reflective or dispersive,
and may be covered internally with enamel. In Fig. 2 the annular reflective part
of the surface is marked c-d and is enclosed between dotted lines; it is intended
to be covered by a non translucent covering such as silvering or gilding.
In Fig. 3 the flat annular surfaces of the rings e-f are reflective and the conical
rings translucent. Fig. 4 illustrates a globe or containing-vessel somewhat similar
to Fig. 2 but designed to concentrate the light more directly downwards. The
lamp shewn in Fig. 5 is intended to be used with the neck C downwards, g-h
being the reflective surface. Figs. 6 and 7 are elevation and horizontal section
respectively of a lamp suitable for the footlights of a theatre, the reflective
surface i-j being at one side. Fig. 8 shews a lamp in which the rays or a part of
them are refracted as they pass through the globe into a downward direction.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in
which it is to be performed I would have it understood that what is considered to
be novel and original and is therefore claimed as the invention secured to me
by the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is :-
1. In an incandescence electric lamp the use of a globe or containing-vessel
provided with a reflective surface or surfaces substantially as described.

page_text: 2. The improved incandescence lamp globes or containing-vessels with reflecting
surfaces described with reference to and shewn respectively in Fig. 1, in Fig. 2, in
Fig. 3, and in Fig. 4.
3. In an incandescence electric lamp the use of a globe or containing-vessel so
formed that the light from the incandescent filament, or a part of it, is concentrated
in a given direction by being refracted or by being refracted and totally reflected
in passing through the material of the said globe or containing-vessel substantially
as described.
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Norman Aronson have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Twentieth day of July in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
JOSEPH NORMAN ARONSON. (L.S.)