Improvements in and connected with Lock Nuts.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1891-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Lock Nuts.
I CAJETAN BANOVITS of 83 Andrassy Street Budapest in the Empire of
Austria Director of the Royal Hungarian State Railways do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My present invention relates to lock nuts for bolts or studs and its object is to
construct the same in such manner as to prevent the possibility of their becoming
loose after having been some time in use.
I attain this object by providing the under surface of the nut with a lug or
projection through which the thread of the said nut may be continued. This
projection is preferably conical, largest in diameter at the point of juncture with
the under surface of the nut and tapers towards its lower end and may be provided
with a slot cut from the lower surface of the lug so as to allow of the compression
of its two halves into the boring when the nut is screwed down on the bolt or
stud, such slot however being not absolutely necessary. I preferably construct the
conical lug nearly equal in length to the thickness of the nut.
.:
In order to more clearly explain my invention, I refer to the accompanying
drawings in which similar letters and figures refer to similar parts throughout the
several views.
Figs. 1 and 2 are side elevations of my improved nut.
Fig. 3 shows a side elevation of the nut provided with a vertical slot as
aforementioned.
Fig. 4 is a plan of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of the nut partly in section.
Fig. 6 shows in part section a lock nut on my improved system.
Fig. 7 shows in elevation the same nut as is represented in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 shows my improved nuts applied to an eccentric.
Figs. 9-17 show various forms of application of the said nut, as herein after
described.
Referring to Figs. 1-5: the nut a consists of the upper part a¹ of the usual form,
in the drawing the hexagonal form having been chosen, and the lower conical
part a' the two said parts forming together a whole, as may be seen from the section
in Fig. 5.
The lug or lower projecting part a² is of a conical form, but may also be
cylindrical if so desired for any special purpose. It may also be slotted as shown
in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 where one slot is shown, or the number of slots may vary
according to the density or elasticity of the material against which it is screwed.
The exterior conical or cylindrical surface of the lower part a² may be either
smooth, ribbed or provided with teeth or a screw thread. The upper part a¹ is in
all cases provided with an interior thread; the lower part a² may or may not have
an interior thread, in the latter case however it must be sufficiently large in
diameter to allow the screw of the bolt or stud to pass through freely.
Where the lower part a² is slotted I preferably cut a thread in the same
(Fig. 5).
The nut is secured and prevented from becoming loose by screwing the conical
part a³ either slotted or full, into a conical boring in the plate or part 6 to be
attached (Figs. 1 and 2) or in a similar boring c¹ of the cornered plate, or ring c
inserted between the nut and the parts to be attached (ring or plate c, Figs. 3, 8,
13, 14 & 16).
If the conical part a² is not slotted, the only clamping which takes place on

page_text: :
tightening up the nut besides the compression of the threads which takes place
with ordinary nuts, is that of the conical surface of a² against the interior walls of
the boring or c¹. If however the part is slotted the same being elastic will be
pressed into the threads of the bolt when the nut is tightened up.
If the lower part a² is made conical the boring or may be conical or
cylindrical. In order to increase the friction when both a2 and the borings & or c
are conical, I preferably make the slotted lower part a² of the nut somewhat less
conical than the boring.
When the outer surface of the conical part a² is provided with complete or
mutilated threads the same should screw into threads in the boring & or c or if the
latter have no thread the thread of the cone a² will cut into the smooth interior
walls of the boring.
In the lock nut shown in Figs. 6, 7 the upper nut a is of the kind described in
reference to Figs. 1-5 and preferably slotted. The lower or counter nut A is
provided with a cylindrical or conical recess for the reception of the lug or
projecting part a² of the upper nut and also with an interior thread by which it is
screwed on to the spindle or bolt. It is obvious that on screwing the nuts together
the conical part a² of the upper nut a will be clamped between the threads of the
spindle or bolt d and the recessed part of the lower nut A.
The herein before described lock nut may be applied in all branches of the
industry for building and engineering purposes, railways, carriage building, in short
everywhere where such attachments are necessary, and particularly in such cases
where the nuts and bolts are liable to become loose. The slotted nut a having ring e
with conical boring is of particular advantage where it is not possible to provide the
plate or other iron to be attached, with a conical boring b.
In Figs. 8-17 of the acompanying drawings I have illustrated some cases where
my improved lock nuts are particularly applicable. In Fig. 8 the application of the
nut a with or without slotted lower part a for eccentric straps is illustrated.
Fig. 9 shows the employment of two nuts a a to fix the position of an adjustable
valve rod f. Figs. 10-12 show the application of the nut a in a suspended bearing
cap for railway carriage journals where the bolt d having the square head d² in
combination with the nut a are alone sufficient to suspend the axle bearing cap S
by means of the bow h. Figs. 13 and 14 show the nut a in combination with ring e
for use in such cases where the metal of the parts to be connected is not sufficiently
-strong to allow of a conical boring being made in the same. Figs. 15 and 16
show the application of my improved nut a in combination with the plate balone or
with ring c for the purpose of attaching rails to their sleepers. Fig. 17 shows the
employment of the nut in a rail joint.
с
The examples illustrated form only a very small proportion of the numerous
purposes for which my improved nut may be employed.
In the present application the lug or lower part a² of the mut a has been
described as conical or cylindrical in form, but I wish it to be clearly understood
that the shape of the same can be modified to suit various purposes without in any
way departing from the nature of my invention the main point of which is to
construct a nut having a lower projection or lug either slotted or not, adapted to
be compressed or clamped between the threads of the bolt or spindle and the
interior walls of the boring into which it is screwed on tightening up the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :
1. A lock nut a having on its under surface a projection adapted to fit into a
recess in the plate to be secured on tightening up the nut substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
2. A lock nut a having a conical projection a² provided with one or more slots
and adapted to pass into a conical or cylindrical boring in the plate to be secured,
substantially as described..

page_text: 3. In combination with a lock nut a having lower projection a², an interior thread
in said projection substantially as described.
4. In combination with a lock nut a having a lower conical projection a² a counter
nut A recessed to receive the projection a² and having an internal thread as
described.
5. In combination with a lock nut having a lower projection a' provided with a
slot a counter nut A having recess and thread as described.
6. In combination with a lock nut a having a lower projection a² slotted in the
manner set forth, an interior thread in said projection substantially as described.
7. The construction of a lock nut substantially as hereinbefore described and
shown.
1001
HORN & SON,
Applicant's Agents.