matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING TO PIANO- FORTES IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE STUDY OF THE NOTES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Calkin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
August 1868.
I, GEORGE CALKIN, of No. 14, Mornington Crescent, Regent's Park,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR ATTACHING TO PIANO-
FORTES IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE STUDY OF THE NOTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to designate by a ready means to the
student the character and position of each note on the key board. For
this purpose I construct a diagram of the key board, or any part thereof,
in the form of a long flat rail or ledge, which is placed in front of the
keys in such a position below them as not to interfere with the playing,
and so that each key on the diagram shall be exactly opposite the cor-
responding key, of the key board. The rail or ledge is held in such
position either by means of two projecting horns, one at each end thereof,
formed so as to pass accross the key board and underneath the finger board
of the piano, such horns being by preference made detachable from the
rail by any suitable known means, or they may be connected thereto by
hinges for facility of transport. Or the said diagram may be secured in

page_text: position by any other known means, such as by screw cramps holding it
to the woodwork in front of the keys. Upon each key of the diagram I
mark, firstly, the corresponding note on the stave as it appears on the
music sheet; secondly, the name of the note; and, thirdly, what line or
space it represents. On the upper part of the diagram, which is by
preference raised at an angle to the other part, are marked, firstly, the
black keys with their denominations written thereon; and, secondly, the
denominations of the white keys. If requisite one or more sliding pieces
may be fitted to the diagram, so formed as to enable any part thereof to
be covered in order to make the other part more prominent.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BEAMING WARPS' AND IN THE MECHANISM CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wrigley and Walter.
Edward Yates at the Office. of the Commissioners of Patents, with,
their Petition, on the 19th October 1868.
We, THOMAS WRIGLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, and WALTER EDWARD YATES, of the same Place,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BEAMING WARPS' AND IN THE MECHANISM CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class of cotton machinery employed for
replenishing the warp beams of looms with yarn preparatory to
"looming." The ordinary arrangement of guides adapted for directing
the running yarn on to the beam from the "tape legs," slashers, or other
machines employed for similar purposes are fixed and arranged so that
they conduct the yarn in one direct line or course without any deviation.
on to the beam, the result of which is that if the flanges of the beam
when adjusted are not perfectly true and at right angles with the beam,
the warp threads at their selvages when running on to such beam near
to the flanges leave that are afterwards filled up by the upper layers of
yarn as they accumulate, which are by such displacement thrown out of

page_text: position so as to become entangled, which necessitates the removal of the
"beam" from the loom after a few "cuts" have been delivered there-
from, thereby causing scrics loss to the manufacturer.
Our improvements are designed to remidy this defect, and consists in
the novel employment of an adjustable expanding and contracting
series or roll of guides, through which the warp threads pass as they are
delivered on to and received by the "beam." These expanding and con-
tracting guides are governed and receives their motion in the following
manner: The rail to which the guides are secured is jointed or other-
wise constructed so that it will be capable of causing the guides to give
a slightly contracted or expanded direction to the yarn from the centre
of the beam to its outer flanges, the motion being derived through the
medium of a spring lever secured on each side the machine which are
secured to the ends of the guide rail, their opposite ends beyond their
fulcra being provided with bowls which are brought into forcible contact
by means of a spring with the outer surface of the beam flanges; thus as
the yarn is delivered the guides being governed through the medium of
the afore-mentioned lever and spring by the beam flanges, causing such
flanges when revolving to give a contracting or expanding motion to the
guides according to the position of the flange on the beam, thereby
effecting a continuous and even layer of yarn on the beam, that fills
every portion of its surface between the flanges, whether such flanges be.
set true or not.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TRAP FOR CATCHING MICE, RATS, ANIMALS, GAME, OR. VERMIN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwin Bush and
Frederic Augustus Bush at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th March 1868.
We, WILLIAM EDWIN: BUSH and: FREDERIC AUGUSTUS BUSH, both
of Commercial Road East, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED TRAP
FOR CATCHING MICE, RATS, ANIMALS, GAME, OR. VERMIN," to be as follows
(that is to say):-
Our Invention has reference to a new mechanical arrangement and
mode of constructing traps for catching mice, rats, animals, game,.
vermin,. or otherwise by an effectual and expeditious contrivance without
necessitating their entering the body of the said trap to obtain the bait
(which is placed outside) as at present, thereby enticing and forcing:
them into the same from the outside thereof; and consists of a
rectangular box or cage having on one or more of its sides revolving
arms turning upon a common centre of corresponding width to the
mouth or opening of the said trap, so as to turn inwards like arms
upon the nave of a wheel without the tire. In connection with the
above a balanced platform (having the bait) is arranged in the front of

page_text: the said arms, carrying with it a catch fastening, on the descent of
which, by the weight of the mice or otherwise, the said arms are
liberated and caused to revolve inwards through the medium of a
re-acting spring connected with the said shaft; thus at each quarter
turn of the arms (liberated as aforesaid) the said mice or otherwise are
urged bodily forward into the trap, and so on in like manner resetting
itself at each turn by the action of the spring, which may be wound
up as required.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES, BUCKLES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1868.
I, ALFRED TAYLOR, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES, BUCKLES, AND OTHER
LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows (that is to say) :--
purpose
My improvements apply to the holding or securing the free end of
brooch pins, buckle chapes, and other like articles, but will describe the
same in connection with brooches, the pin points of which T
confining within a spring hook and guide bar, that is to say, in steuring
the brooch pin point it passes down on the side of the free end of a
guide bar, and pressing on the exterior of a spring hook, welding
to the pressure allows the free end of the pin to pass do
when the
force of a spring in connection with the said hook fores the. hook
outward until it is in contact with the guide bar the pin will be

page_text: secured; and to free the same the pin has again in like manner to be
pressed against the guide bar and the curved end of the hook, which will
yield and permit the end of the pin to be freed in order that the brooch
may be removed at the discretion of the user.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE EXPLOSION OF TORPEDOES AND OTHER EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd December 1868.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of 445, West Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE EXPLOSION OF
TORPEDOES AND OTHER EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I enclose within or attach to the shell of the
torpedoe or other explosive charge a compound needle, which is mounted
upon a pivot or centre of motion, and is suitably counterbalanced so as
to keep the point thereof away from a suitable contact piece also in
connection with the shell of the torpedoe or other explosive charge.
The needle is placed in metallic contact with one pole whilst the contact
piece is in metallic contact with the other pole of a suitable battery or
other electrical machine carried by the shell of the torpedoe or other
explosive charge, or placed at any suitable distance therefrom, and
connected thereto by means of a conducting wire. Thus when a vessel

page_text: passes over the torpedoe or other explosive charge the needle is attracted
to the contact piece, and the electric circuit is completed, whereby a
current of electricity is passed through the charge to explode it.
Another arrangement consists in mounting two of such compound
needles upon points in such manner that their points, which are
oppositely magnetized, are placed at a suitable distance from each other
Bo that the magnetic force shall keep them away from rings or other
contact pieces, the needles being placed in connection with one pole of a
suitable battery or other electrical apparatus, whilst the rings or other
contact pieces are placed in connection with the other pole. The needles
and the rings or other contact pieces are suitably insulated from each
other, and the electric circuit is completed as before described. The
compound needles which I employ consist of several needles fixed
together and mounted on a pivot, point, or centre of motion at one of
their poles, and provided with suitable weighted arms attached thereto so
as to counterbalance them. If desired, instead of causing such needles
to be acted upon by a ship passing over or near them I employ.one or
more large permanent or electro-magnets, placed at any suitable distance
and separated from the explosive charge; and I mount such magnets
upon centres of motion, so that they may be suddenly rotated in such
manner as to reverse their position, by which means the needles carried
by the explosive charge will be suitably deflected, and the electric circuit
thereby completed.
The arrangements herein described are also applicable to mining and
other purposes.
This mode of deflecting a needle is also applicable to telegraphing
without the aid of a conducting wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POTS, VESSELS, AND URNS FOR CON- TAINING TEA, COFFEE, CCCoA, CHOCOLATE, AND SUCH LIKE HOT BEVERAGES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart. at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1868.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Warwick Crescent, Bayswater, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POTS, VESSELS, AND URNS FOR CON-
TAINING TEA, COFFEE, CCCoA, CHOCOLATE, AND SUCH LIKE HOT BEVERAGES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object so to construct tea pots, coffee
pots, and other similar vessels for containing hot beverages that such
beverages shall remain hot for a much longer space of time than is
possible in tea pots or coffee pots of ordinary construction.
My Invention consists in constructing such tea pots, coffee pots, and
jugs, vessels, or urns for containing cocoa, chocolate, and such like
beverages with a double casing, the space between the inner and outer
casing being filled with a material that is a good non-conductor of heat,
such as felt, so that the heat of the beverage shall be prevented from
being communicated to the outer casing and thus lost by radiation
therefrom. Furthermore, as the handle of the vessel is connected to

page_text: the outer casing only, the disadvantage of its becoming inconveniently
heated as in tea pots of ordinary construction is also obviated by my
Invention. I prefer also to make the cover of the tea pot or other vessel,
as also the spout, with a similar double casing. I prefer to provide
the lids of such tea pots or other vessels with a spring catch or fastening
to secure the lid firmly to the pot or vessel, and in some cases I make
the lid bevilled or conical and fitting in a conical seat in the pot. The
spout may be provided with a loose hollow plug with a side aperture,
so that when in an upright position or nearly so the plug falls into
the spout so as to close the aperture, while when tilted the plug falls
out to such an extent only as to uncover the side aperture and allow
the fluid to pass through the same.
Another improvement consists in arranging the lids of tea pots, coffee
pots, and similar vessels to slide back in grooves formed on the pot
in place of opening upon hinges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR GLASS AND OTHER GLOBES OR SHADES FOR GASELIERS, CHANDELIERS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Posener, Adolphe Posener,
and Marcus Unger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th October 1868.
We, DAVID POSENER and ADOLPHE POSENER, of Mansell Street,
Goodman's Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Pipe Manufacturers,
and MARCUS UNGER, of Duke Street, Aldgate, in the City of London,
Ivory Turner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR GLASS AND OTHER GLOBES OR SHADES FOR
GASELIERS, CHANDELIERS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object to construct holders for gas glasses in
such a manner that the glasses may be detached therefrom with greater
facility than can be done at present as the glasses are secured or held on
by means of a thumb screw which is made to project over the flange of
the glass. Instead of this screw, which on the one hand must be
unscrewed before the glass can. be removed, and on the other must be
screwed up before the glass can be secured, we employ a kind of spring

page_text: catch which projects through the car of the holder and is pushed forward
by means of a coiled spring. When the glass is to be removed from the
holder it will only be necessary to draw back the spring catch and the
glass can then be lifted off.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR HOLDING A STICK OF SEALING WAX
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Schäfer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1868.
I, FREDERICK SCHAFER, of the Firm of P. and F. Schäfer, of Golden
Square and Piccadilly, both in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR HOLDING A STICK OF SEALING WAX," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to avoid the inconvenience caused by
putting a stick of sealing wax on the table or other surface after sealing
a letter, some of the wax often adhering to the table.
My Invention consists of an appliance for holding the stick of wax,
the appliance being formed with a foot so that it will stand on a table.
The appliance consists of a tube to receive the stick of wax, the top end
of the tube having an aperture of smaller diameter than the stick in
order that the stick may not fall out; inside the tube is a spring which
keeps the wax pressed up towards the top. When the wax has been
used, the upper end being soft is pushed out by the spring a sufficient
distance for the next time it is required. The lower end of the tube is

page_text: closed by the foot before mentioned, which is screwed or otherwise
applied on the tube, and I make this foot in the form of a seal or attach
a seal thereto in order that it may be used to make an impression on the
melted wax in the ordinary manner.
In some cases I employ a second tube parallel with the first to serve
as an ether or other like lamp; thus by lighting the lamp the wax in
the adjoining tube is melted without the necessity of employing an
independent lamp or light.
I do not confine myself to employing a spring to push out the
wax, as a slide or propeller actuated by hand may be used for the 1
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING OR SIGNALLING IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Woodley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1868.
I, JOHN WOODLEY, of Send, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING OR SIGNALLING IN RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct apparatus by means of
which the passengers can both sound a bell or alarum in the guard's
van, or in proximity to the engine driver, and act upon a disc to indicate
to the guard or driver the particular carriage or compartment from which
the signal has been sent.
My apparatus mainly consists of a frame fitted to the top of each
compartment, which frame carries an indicating disc, and has apertures
through which a cord leading to the guard's van or to the engine is
carried. Each frame consists of a bar carried by an upright leading
from the middle of the bar down through the roof of the carriage.
Each end of the bar carries friction pulleys, between which the cord is

page_text: led; on the top of the bar is a perforated disc or plate parallel with the
bar. When the train is made up all the bars and discs are set length-
wise of the train, and the cord is led between the pulleys. Inside each
compartment a horizontal rod is centred to the lower end of the upright,
and cords or chains led from this rod terminate in handles at convenient
positions in the compartment. When a passenger wishes to call the
attention of the guard or driver he pulls one of the handles, thereby
causing the horizontal rod, bar, and disc to move a quarter round upon
the upright as a centre; the cord leading to the guard's van or engine
driver being thus tightened and pulled sounds the alarum, and the
guard can see from his van which disc has been moved into the
transverse position. At night a single lamp placed in a line with
the discs will serve for all the carriages in charge of one guard as he
will see it clearly at ordinary times, while a perforated disc will be
interposed when a signal has been sent. The perforations may consist
of numbers or otherwise. To prevent the passenger returning the disc
into position a depending paul takes into the teeth of the ratchet; this
ratchet is made double so as to act in either direction according to which
end or side of the compartment the horizontal rod is moved to or from.
The upright carries a cup or flange to prevent wet getting through into
the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND TWISTING MACHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Gaunt and John William
Gaunt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th February 1868.
We, REUBEN GAUNT and JOHN WILLIAM GAUNT, of Springfield
Mill, Farsley, near Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND
TWISTING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The more especial objects of our improvements are to produce
smoother yarn in spinning and twisting machinery, as well as more
readily to convert a "fly" into a "cap" frame, or vice versa, such
conversion on machinery as at present constructed being tedious. For
this purpose we prefer to make the top of each spindle of a conical
formation, and upon it and free to rotate rests the upper and closed end
of a hollow metal spool tube, that is to say, a tube of similar formation
to a spool bobbin and adapted to receive one. The spindle does not
rotate as usual in "fly" frames, but the usual wharl is bushed and
free to slide up and down the spindle dependant upon the lifter rail
by which it is raised and allowed to fall. To such wharl we secure two
vertical legs forming with their "eyes" or upper ends (which are

page_text: twisted) an inverted flyer. Thus on the combined wharl and flyer rising
and falling by the action of the lifter the yarn is wound on to the bobbin
resting upon the spool tube flanch. The bobbin receives "drag" from
the contact of its flanch with the tube flanch, the tube again receiving
more or less of drag dependant upon the conical formation of the top
of the spindle. The combined wharl and flyer may easily be removed
(being above the lifter rail) when it is desired to alter the frame from
a "fly" to a "cap" frame.
The above Invention is likewise applicable where paper tubes or
ordinary bobbins are used instead of spool bobbins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FASTENINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Arthur Heath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1868.
I, GEORGE ARTHUR HEATH, of Greenwich, in the County of Kent,
Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved sash fastener, whereby the
windows to which it is applied may be more thoroughly secured than
hitherto. It consists of a double bolt, the prongs or bolts of which
when the window is closed are caused to project from the pulley stile
on either side of the parting bead and take into suitable recesses made
in each sash, so as to prevent their being raised or lowered. The bolt
is connected to a stem furnished with a suitable handle or knob by
means of a lever mounted on an intermediate fulcrum at the back of a
slotted plate, through which the double bolt passes on being moved by
the hand lever in either direction. The plate and lever are recessed
into the pulley stile, the knob projecting on the inside beading, and
the whole being mounted on a level with the junction of the sashes, so
that the double bolt may take into both. When the sashes are shut

page_text: the bolts are shot into the recesses made therein by simply pushing in
the hand knob, the lever imparting a contrary movement to the double
bolt. The bolt is secured in the locked position by an inclined recess
or catch made in the stem at the under side abutting against a small
plate fixed on the inside beading through which the stem passes. A
spring fixed to a projection at the back of this plate bears on the upper
side of the hand lever or stem, keeping it in position, thus preventing the
possibility of the bolt being unlocked from the outside.
In order to release the bolts from the sashes the stem is first slightly
raised by means of the knob, so as to overcome the pressure of the spring
and release the catch, it is then drawn outwards, which movement is
transmitted by the lever in the contrary direction to the double bolt,
which bolts are thus withdrawn into the pulley stile, allowing the sashes
to slide freely in their grooves.
Another improvement consists in slightly bevilling the inner side of
each prong of the bolt, whereby the sashes are wedged together at
the meeting. rail when the bolts are shot, thus preventing the rattling
of the window by the wind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING ADHESIVE AGENTS TO PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS AND FOR EFFECTING ADHESION BETWEEN PIECES OF PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
October 1868.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of Spencer Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING
ADHESIVE AGENTS TO PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS AND FOR EFFECTING ADHESION
BETWEEN PIECES OF PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is especially applicable to the applying of adhesive agents
to and effecting the adhesion of continuous strips or lengths of paper,
combined or not with calico, for the collar manufacture.
I mount in a framework a trough slotted at bottom. In this trough
I place a loose lining of muslin or other reticulated open-meshed or
porous flexible fabric, which forms a sort of longitudinal bag or channel
and projects downward through the slot. The starch, gum, or other
adhesive agent employed is introduced into the trough, and passes
through the muslin or other fabric and through the slot in the trough on
to the material fed in continuous lengths, or otherwise, below the trough.
Another piece, sheet, or continuous length of paper or other material

page_text: to be treated may be fed above the trough. In this case a roller works
in the trough and takes up some of the adhesive substance and applies
it to the material. When I desire to apply the adhesive agent to the
material and effect adhesion of material in the same machine I carry
an upper and an under piece of such material in continuous lengths
or otherwise, (one over and the other under the trough) both receiving
their supply of adhesive agent as described. They meet each other as
they travel along and become connected together by the adhesive agent,
and their adhesion is secured or effected by causing them to pass under
a scraper or pressure edge, preferably composed of a long narrow piece
of caoutchouc or other elastic material of like character, held in a
weighted frame, the weight being adjusted as required; thence the
combined or adhering length passes on to a doffing roller caused to
revolve by hand or otherwise, which by its motion draws the length of
paper continuously towards itself and effects the feed of the separate
lengths over and under the trough. Sometimes I employ travelling
endless webs or bands for supporting the sheets or pieces of paper to be
acted on. By placing another slotted trough over the first, three pieces
or three continuous lengths may be treated with the adhesive agent
simultaneously and caused to adhere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND FURLING FORE AND AFT SAILS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1868.
I, CHARLES WILSON, of Hull, in the County of York, Shipsmith, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND FURLING FORE AND AFT SAILS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for reefing and furling fore and aft
sails consist in fitting to the inner end of the boom a forked socket
having a hole for a pin to pass through; this pin is rivetted or burred
down inside the socket to allow the boom to revolve. The outer end of
the pin is jointed to a second pin or bolt, which enters rings or collars
fixed on the mast. A socket fits over the inner end of the boom, which
socket forms part of a worm wheel; this wheel is geared into by a worm
on a spindle having a crank handle or other appliance for turning it
fitted thereto. On the outer end of the boom I fit a collar which carries
a loose ring, so that the boom may turn freely; this collar has two or
more other rings placed on it which act as friction rings, and other
friction rings are fitted over the socket on the inner end of the boom.

page_text: The worm wheel and worm may be enclosed in a casing so as to prevent
any ropes fouling the same. To each of the hoops which travel up and
down the mast I fit a ring having a portion removed or cut away so as
to allow the sail to enter. The luff rope to which the sail is secured is
passed into these rings and is held therein by the cut away portion not
being large enough for the rope to pass out of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Tidmarsh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1868.
I, SAMUEL TIDMARSH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in locks whereby the bolt of the lock when shot into the staple in
which it has to engage expands and its ends are made to hook or
engage with the said staple so that the insertion of an instrument.
between the end of the bolt and the staple cannot be made to separate:
the lock from the said staple.
Locks constructed according to my Invention are especially useful. för
safes, strong boxes, and strong doors, as by the action described: the
means whereby safes, boxes, or doors are generally opened. by burglars
cannot be resorted to, that is by the insertion of a wedge between the
door and the edge of the safe or box...
-
I make the bolt of the lock and parts. connected therewith in the
following manner :-On or within the bolt and jointed.thereto are two.

page_text: arms, the said arms being capable of turning upon the joint so as to
separate from or close upon one another. The ends of the arms are
turned outwards at right angles. When these arms are in their closed
position their turned out ends lie flush with the end and edges of the
bolt, and when in this position the bolt can readily pass into or out of
its staple. When however the bolt has partially entered the staple the
said arms are opened and their turned out ends, hook in the staple and
can only be made to close upon one another by giving to the bolt a
withdrawing motion.
The opening and closing of the said arms are effected in the following 1
manner-Upon the case of the lock and in a line with the middle of
the bolt is a fixed stud or projection which passes through a slot in
the bolt and projects between the said arms. The inner sides of the said
arms are so formed near the joint on which they turn that when the
said joint approaches the said stud or projection the said arms are 1
opened out and their turned out ends are made to hook in the staple.
On the withdrawal of the bolt the said arms are free to close, and the
turned out ends striking against the edges of the staple are forced
inwards and the bolt can be withdrawn.
IM-. PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAILORS' OR 'GOOSE' IRONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Whitehouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
April 1868.
I, JOHN WHITEHOUSE, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAILORS' OR 'GOOSE' IRONS," to be as
follows:-
goose
"irons by
The object of this Invention is to heat tailors' or
coke or charcoal, or other fuel, instead of by an iron or other metal
heater as is now customary.
The iron may be of the usual or of any other desired shape, and by.
preference its top or lid is hinged or jointed on the body of the box at the
front end or at the back thereof, or at either side thereof; but if
required the said top or lid may be made to take on and off in the
manner now customary with box irons with heaters.
My improved iron is furnished with a handle similar to that applied
to box irons with heaters. Underneath the said handle is affixed a .

page_text: shield or guard of tin or other metal, which is to intercept the radiated
heat.
The grating which holds the fuel may either be of the ordinary
tunnelled kind as now used in other descriptions of charcoal irons, or, if
preferred, the said grating may cover the whole of the bottom plate, and 5
it is then provided with feet upon which it stands.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING OR SUPPLYING AIR TO MINES AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude François Constant
Cretin-Borne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 18th March 1868.
I, CLAUDE FRANÇOIS CONSTANT CRETIN-BORNE, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING OR SUPPLYING AIR TO
MINES AND OTHER PLACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of an exhausting fan in
combination with pipes, as hereafter explained.
I fit a fan in a box and impart rapid rotary motion thereto by any
convenient machinery. The box has numerous orifices for the escape of
air, and these orifices may communicate with a common upright tube.
From the box I carry a pipe, which I call the main pipe, down the mine
shaft and lead it along the main gallery. From the main pipe in the
main gallery I lead branch pipes to all the other galleries or workings;
these pipes terminate at the end of their respective galleries and are
preferably trumpet-mouthed. I find it desirable to cover the mouths
with wire or perforated screens to prevent the entrance of light matters.
The rapid rotary motion of the fan exhausts the air from all parts of

page_text: the mine through all the branch pipes and the main pipe into the fan
box, from which it escapes through the orifices before mentioned, while
the pressure of the atmosphere at the top of the mine shaft supplies
fresh air to take the place of that exhausted at all parts of the mine, as
just stated; perfect ventilation is thus ensured.
My Invention further consists in combining with the fan and set of
pipes before explained another set of pipes, which may be of smaller
diameter and which follow the course of the other pipes; this second
set of pipes communicates with any convenient part above ground, and
serves to establish or keep up a current of air in case the current through
the shaft and galleries should be shut off by a fall of a portion of the
roof or otherwise.
My Invention applies not only to mines, but to supplying air to
tunnels, steam boats, and large buildings, to diving bells, and submarine
lamps.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING ILLUMINATED DEVICES AND DESIGNATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Moritz Beral Bertram
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd August 1868.
I, FREDERICK MORITZ BERAL BERTRAM, of Ludgate Hill, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING ILLUMINATED DEVICES AND DESIGNATIONS,'
to be as follows:-
The ordinary mode of obtaining illuminated devices and designations
is to produce the device or designation on a transparent or semi-
transparent surface in an opaque medium, or vice versà, and then placing
the same between the eye of the spectator and a gas or other flame. I
now propose to form the device which I design to illuminate (whether
of an ornamental character, or the name of a street or place, or the trade
mark or name of a firm) in platinum, after the manner of a stencil
plate, or in wirework, or otherwise, and to attach the same to a gas
burner in such a manner that when the gas is lighted the platinum will
become heated by the flame and present a highly illuminated surface.
This mode of obtaining an illuminated surface is applicable to burners
in shop windows to designate the name of the proprietors or call

page_text: attention to goods on sale. It may also with advantage he applied to
street lamps to indicate the locality, and it may be used to heighten
the ornamental effect of gaseliers and coronas. When using a stencil
plate device I propose to hang it from a wire of platinum attached to
the burner, but other plans of applying the surface to be illuminated
may be used.
CERTAIN. IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PURIFYING AND DECOLOURIZING PARAFFINE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lauenstein at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
20th October 1868.-A communication from abroad by Leo Schuch,
of Liesing,, in the Empire of Austria..
I, CHARLES LAUENSTEIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PURIFYING AND DECOLOURIZING PARAFFINE,"
which has been communicated to me from abroad by Leo. Schuch,, of
Liesing, in the Empire of Austria,. to be as follows:-
-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of clarifying or decolourizing:
paraffine oil; the improved process or method which I employ may he
thus described -I place in a number of chambers. or receptacles, provided
internally with spiral steam heating tubes, the solidified paraffine
preparatory to its undergoing the decolourizing process when the
paraffine is melted into a soluble state, and in which state I cause it to be
agitated, whilst there is added thereto about ten per cent. of "residue.
phosphorus" (which is the precipitate or coal-like residue left after
the process of manufacturing phosphorus is complete), the liquid
paraffine is then heated by the heating spiral steam pipe for the

page_text: space of about one hour, during which time the solution becomes
thoroughly impregnated with phosphorus coal; after a few hours' rest
the paraffine cools, and the phosphorus coal settles partly down, after
which the solution is drawn off into another receptacle or vessel, its
appearance at this time being of a dull grey, caused by minute floating
particles of coal phosphorus; after this the phosphorus is again heated
and slightly diluted with water and infused with a little caustic soda
solution, the whole mixture being then heated near to boiling, during
which is added thereto a small piece of stearine of about one drachm
to a gallon which must be well mixed by agitation with the paraffine
solution; the stearine by its combination with this solution causes it to
undergo a process of saponification, which precipitates in the form of
flakes the floating particles of "phosphorus coal," the purification or
bleaching of the paraffine being then complete. The precipitate or
residue thus left in the vessels contains paraffine, which is extracted
thoroughly by subjecting such residue to a boiling process with steam.
In order again to utilize the phosphorus coal it is placed in a retort.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND ADAPTATION OF MECHANISM TO THE DRIVING SHAFTS OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES TO BE EMPLOYED FOR EQUALIZING AND REGULATING THE SPEED OF SUCH SHAFTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wild at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1868.
I, WILLIAM WILD, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Printer
and Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT AND ADAPTATION OF MECHANISM TO THE DRIVING
SHAFTS OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES TO BE EMPLOYED FOR EQUALIZING AND
REGULATING THE SPEED OF SUCH SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of equalizing and regulating
the speed, motion, or velocity of revolving shafts, spindles; and other
machinery by an adaptation thereto of a compensating movement; bý
which the time and speed of connected parts is provided for in such a
manner that the resultant motion is entirely freed from "back lash."
As the improved apparatus is applicable to all classes of driving shafts
I will proceed as an example to describe its adaptability to the driving
of millstones, as the baneful effects resulting from the jar of the gearing
driving such stones is entirely obviated by the application of the improved
apparatus, and a smooth running "burr" is obtained. And the improves

page_text: ments consist in confining within an annular ring or space (formed by
the junction or putting together of two discs) a spiral spring or springs
"fixed
the ends of which are caused to abut against projections or "ears
in the said annular space; these discs are provided with bosses which are
bored to fit the shaft they are designed to drive. The lower disc is
connected to a wheel provided for the purpose of driving this disc and
the wheel, both run loose on the shaft; the other disc is keyed or other-
wise secured to the shaft, thus when in motion the fixed disc through
the elastic medium of the springs in the annular space formed in the
space between the two discs drives the lower or loose disc in connection
with the driving spur, bevil, or friction wheel, transmitting thereby
motion to the stones or other mechanism. The springs being the elastic
medium through which the shaft is driven are caused to contract or
become compressed by the action of the motive power when it exerts its
greatest force in the most rapid part of the revolution of the driving
shaft, and on the contrary, becomes expanded when the engine passes
the "dead centre," thus applying the accumulated force of the contracted
springs to the propulsion of the driving shaft, compensating thereby for
the loss of power and motion directly imparted by the engine so as
effectually to prevent "back lash."
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wardman, James Bald-
win, and Francis Baldwin at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th June 1868.
We, JAMES WARDMAN, JAMES BALDWIN, and FRANCIS BALDWIN, all
of Sandbeds, near Bingley, in the County of York, Boiler Makers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The object, of this Invention is to construct a steam boiler occupying
less room than heretofore for a given amount of horse power, together
with a more rapid circulation and a greater heating surface and larger
steam space than any boiler of equal length and diameter constructed
on the Cornish or other known principle.
Our improved boiler is constructed of two principal parts, namely
what may be called the main boiler and an auxiliary. The main boiler
is made of a concavo-convex form in transverse section, placed with its
concave side downwards, the convex top being about semi-cylindrical.
The auxiliary is of a plano-elliptical section, the bottom being flat,
and the sides and top forming a portion of an ellipse; the length of
the boiler is about three times its width. The top of the auxiliary is

page_text: connected with the bottom of the main boiler by several wrought-iron
circulation tubes, and also in the centre or other convenient place by a
tube of larger diameter, which serves also as a man-hole, a space being
left for the passage of the flame and other products of combustion
between the bottom of the main boiler and the top of the auxiliary. A
series of vertical fire tubes of wrought iron or other suitable metal also
passes completely through the auxiliary. The fire space or furnace is
beneath one end of the auxiliary, and extends to about midway of its
length, where it terminates in a transverse wall or midfeather reaching
to the bottom of the auxiliary, so that the flame and heated gases are
compelled to ascend the front fire tubes to the space between the two
parts of the boiler. The backward end of this space is also closed with
fire-brick, so that after passing the centre the flame and heated gases
descend the back fire tubes into a smoke flue beneath the auxiliary and
behind the midfeather, whence they proceed to the backward end, and
then rise and pass along two branch flues extending along the sides of
the main boiler to the front, and leading thence to the chimney shaft.
A steam boiler constructed according to our improvements will be
found to possess the advantages herein-before set forth, at the same time
that it consumes the smoke more effectually than steam boilers as
previously constructed, and effects a very considerable economy in the
amount of fuel required to evaporate a certain quantity of water in a
given time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS, TAPS, AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS OR GASES PROM PIPES, CASKS, OR OTHER VESSELS, AND FOR FILLING CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS WITH LIQUIDS OR GASES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Saint Aubin
and Benjamin Benton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th October 1868.
We, WILLIAM HENRY SAINT AUBIN and BENJAMIN BENTON, of
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS, TAPS, AND
APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF LIQUIDS OR GASES PROM PIPES, CASKS, OR OTHER
VESSELS, AND FOR FILLING CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS WITH LIQUIDS OR GASES,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention consists in a socket made of either
brass, iron, copper, or any other metallic substance, having at the front
or outer extremity a flange, and having also through the convex sides of
the socket (which is intended to be fixed into the tap hole of a cask,.
barrel, or other vessels, or pipes) on either side and opposite each other
perforations; into this socket we fit a hollow conical plug also having
perforations on either side and opposite to each other; upon that end of
the plug which is solid there is a screw having a square shoulder passing
through a washer which fits tightly against the end of the socket being
held there by a nut which fits upon the screw or screwed pin, which

page_text: holds the hollow conical plug steady in the socket; the hollow conical
plug has at the other end two tongues, and just at the front of these
said tongues and inside the socket is a small pin which is screwed
through the side of the socket.
The second part of our Invention consists in a tap having at one end a
slot corresponding with and fitting the tongues upon the hollow conical
plug upon the outer surface of the same end of the top there is a
groove into which we put a ring of either india-rubber, leather, or any
other elastic substance; there is also another but a smaller groove which
only extends about one-fourth round, terminating with a small groove
cut at right angles through the end of the tap tail. We insert the tail
of the tap into the front of the socket, and the small groove cut at right
angles with the other slips over the pin in the socket and the slot in the
tail of the tap upon the projecting tongues of the hollow conical plug.
We turn the tap one-fourth, that is to say, to the extremity of the
groove which works upon the pin inside the socket, and the perforations
in the hollow conical plug are brought opposite the perforations in the
socket, through which the liquid or gas is allowed to pass. We can not
only make a plug having perforations on its sides corresponding with
perforations passing through the sides of the socket, but also one having
perforations at the end of the same, corresponding also with others passing
through the socket which is made with a solid end, the end of such plug
being made either flat, conical, or otherwise.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES USED FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING YARN
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Skeoch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1868:
I, DAVID SKEOCH, of Stewarton, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES USED FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING YARN," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in spindles used for
spinning or twisting yarns in those machines known as "ring spinning:
or twisting frames," and it consists in so constructing: the button. by
which the pirns or bobbins are held in place, that the button remains.
firmly secured to the spindles in whichever direction the spindles.
may revolve; at the same time the defects attached to the present.
system of holding the button by means of a screw are avoided.
The button is formed with a slightly tapered or conical hole in it,,
and that part of the spindle on which it is situated is also formed to

page_text: fit the conical hole, whilst in the hole in the button a recess or key
way is cut into which a key, feather, or stop projecting from the spindle
fits. In place of making the hole in the button and the part of the
spindle on which it fits conical, they may also be made parallel.