IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF RECOVERING CERTAIN CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FROM THE WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE PROCESSES OF GALVANISING IRON
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Glazebrook Rylands, of Warrington,
in the County of Lancaster, and Israel Swindells, of the same
Place, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF RECOVERING CERTAIN CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FROM THE WASTE
PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE PROCESSES OF GALVANISING IRON."
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Glazebrook
Rylands and Israel Swindells at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd June 1875.
We, THOMAS GLAZEBROOK BYLANDS, of Warrington, in the County
of Lancaster, and ISRAEL SWINDELLS, of the same Place, Analytical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF RECOVERING CERTAIN CHEMICAL PRODUCTS FROM
THE WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE PROCESSES OF GALVANISING IRON,” to be-
as follows:-
We take the galvanizing waste known as skimmings; this waste
coptains muriate of zinc and muriate of ammonia, In order to separate

page_text: these two salts we use gas water known as ammoniacal liquor produced
in the manufacture of gas, and after separating the tar by any of the
well-known means we add this gas water to the solution of this com-
pound salt until all the oxide of zinc is precipitated; the muriate of
ammonia then is to be withdrawn, and the oxide of zinc is washed
to free the same from the muriate of ammonia; the latter is then
evaporated and crystallized; the oxide may then be reduced to the
metallic state by the well-known means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Glazebrook Rylands and Israel Swindells 1
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
GLAZEBROOK RYLANDS, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, and
ISRAEL SWINDELLS, of the same Place, Analytical Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Glazebrook Rylands 2
and Israel Swindells, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas
Glazebrook Rylands and Israel Swindells, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Glazebrook Rylands
and Israel Swindells, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all 2
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF RECOVERING CERTAIN CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS FROM THE WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED IN THE PROCESSES OF GALVANIZING 3
IRON," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas
Glazebrook Rylands and Israel Swindells, our executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: 1
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Glazebrook Rylands
and Israel Swindells, do hereby declare the nature of our said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):
The nature of our Invention consists in recovering the chemical
products known as muriate or chloride of ammonia and oxide of zino
from the galvanizing waste called skimmings obtained in the processes
of galvanizing iron. The said waste or skimmings contain muriate of
zinc and muriaté of ammonia, which we submit to the action of
gas water or ammoniacal liquor for the purposes hereafter described.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we
will proceed to describe the mode we have found to give a good
result.
We take the dross salts known as galvanizing skimmings in the
process of galvanizing iron, these dross salts consisting of chloride and
oxide of zinc and chloride of ammonia in various combinations. We
separate the oxide of zino from its combinations by the use of either
gas water, known as ammoniacal liquor from the manufacture of gas,
or we distil the ammoniacal liquor by the usual well-known modes, thus
separating all the tar matters. We then take a solution of these dross
salts reduced by water to 10 degrees, more or less, by Twaddell's
hydrometer, and free or take out all the oxide of iron by any of the
well-known reagents, such as chloride of lime, or chlorate of soda, or
any other like compounds; when this has been effected we draw off
the clear solution of the chlorides, removing them into a clean vessel.
We then add liquid ammonia of 990 degrees, more or less, by the
ammonia hydrometer until all the oxide of zinc is precipitated. We
pass the gaseous ammonia direct into the solution, as herein described,
until all the oxide is precipitated. After the precipitated oxide of zine
has subsided we draw off the clear solution of chloride of ammonia and
evaporate to the well-known strength, namely, about 17 degrees of
Twaddle's hydrometer; we then draw the liquor off into coolers and

page_text: crystallize; we then wash these precipitates with water, using them for
future operations.
The ammoniacal liquor we use in its raw state, taking the solutions
of these dross salts at the strength described above, and precipitate all
the zinc oxide by the application or use of this ammoniacal liquor; §
afterwards we proceed as before described. By this process oxide and
carbonate of zinc are obtained which may be reduced to the metallic
state by the usual methods, the chloride of ammonia being drawn off
and evaporated to the proper crystallizing strength; the remaining
insoluble oxide of zinc may be dissolved by any of the well-known 1
acids.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described a con-
venient mode of carrying the same into operation, we wish it to be
understood that we do not intend to limit ourselves to the details given,
and we claim, the use of ammoniacal liquor or ammonia for the separa- 1
tion of zinc oxide from its compounds existing as a salt of chloride of
zinc and chloride of ammonia, for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Glazebrook Rylands
and Israel Swindells, have hereto set our hands and seals,
this Seventeenth day of December, One thousand eight hundred 2
and seventy-five.