AN IMPROVED FILTERING APPARATUS to be as follows:- :-
Year: 1884

page_text: We, ALBERT DOMEIER of 13 St Mary-at-Hill, Eastcheap, in the City of London
Merchant and BENJAMIN NICKELS the Younger of Hill Side House Bushey in the
County of Herts, Analyst do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "AN
IMPROVED FILTERING APPARATUS to be as follows:-
:-
"
This filter apparatus is intended for use in the filtration of liquids which contain
but a small amount of suspended matter in a very fine state of division, and which
are incapable of being cleared by an ordinary filter press, owing to the suspended
matter being forced through the cloths with the filtrate, to wit, such materials as
thick beer, wines or vinegars; oils of all descriptions, dirty spirits, gums and
water. Moreover this filter may be also used for decolorising, deodourising or
dehydrating liquids by passing the liquids to be operated upon through a suitable
medium.
The filter consists of a tank which may be of any shape, but preferably a
cylinder constructed to stand a considerable pressure. It is erected in a vertical
position and furnished, preferably at the top with a manhole, pressure gauge, safety
valve, fret cock, a valve for connection with pump for admission of liquor to be
filtered, and a second valve for connection with an air compressor. The apparatus
is also provided with suitable gauge glasses for ascertaining the amount of liquor
contained therein. It is provided with an outlet valve at the bottom. Some
distance above the bottom, a few inches is sufficient, there is fixed across the whole
of the bottom of the apparatus, a stout perforated sheet or false bottom immediately
above which on the side of the apparatus is fixed a manhole.
On the top of this perforated sheet is placed a piece of cloth, flannel or any
suitable material, over which if required is placed a second perforated sheet.
The cloth having been placed over the lower perforated plate and the lower
manlid made fast, the desired amount of the filtering medium sand, charcoal, lime,
varying according to the liquid to be filtered, is introduced through the top manhole
and the lid to the manhole then made fast. The liquor to be filtered is now
pumped in and when the apparatus is nearly full which is ascertained by the gauge
glass, air is admitted; the air is pumped in by means of an air compressor till the
required pressure determined by the gauge is reached. The liquid contained in
D

page_text: the apparatus passes through the filtering medium, from thence through the
cloth into the false bottom and away through the bottom valve to a suitable
receptacle.
Should a film form on the top of the filtering medium this may be removed till
the end of the operation by means of an internal tube connected with the air
compressor by which air may be blown in to stir up the surface of the filtering
medium. When the filtering medium becomes too much charged with the
material removed from the liquid the lower manhole is opened and it is allowed to
drop out.
A fresh supply is introduced at the top. In many cases such as when lime or
charcoal is used as a medium, it may be purified by burning.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: We ALBERT DOMEIER of 13 Saint Mary-at-Hill Eastcheap in the City of London
Merchant and BENJAMIN NICKELS the Younger of Hill Side House Bushey in the
County of Herts Analyst do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "AN
IMPROVED FILTERING APPARATUS and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This filter apparatus is intended for use in the filtration of liquids which contain
but a small amount of suspended matter in a very fino state of division, and which
are incapable of being cleared by an ordinary filter press, owing to the suspended
matter being forced through the cloths with the filtrate, to wit such materials as
thick beers, wines or vinegars, oils of all descriptions, dirty spirits, gums and
water. Moreover this filter may be also used for decolorising, deodourising or
dehydrating liquids by passing the liquids to be operated upon through a suitable
medium.
The filter consists of a tank which may be of any shape, but preferably a
cylinder constructed to stand a considerable pressure. It is erected in a vertical
position and furnished, preferably at the top with a manhole, pressure gauge, safety
valve, pet cock; a valve for connection with pump for admission of liquor to be
filtered, and a second valve for connection with an air compressor. The apparatus
is also provided with suitable gauge glasses for ascertaining the amount of liquor
contained therein. It is provided with an outlet valve at the bottom. Some
distance above the bottom, a few inches is sufficient, there is fixed across the whole
of the bottom of the apparatus, a stout perforated sheet or false bottom immediately
above which on the side of the apparatus is fixed a manhole.
On the top of this perforated sheet is placed a piece of cloth, flannel or any
suitable material, over which if required is placed a second perforated sheet.
The cloth having been placed over the lower perforated plate and the lower
manlid made fast, the desired amount of the filtering medium sand, charcoal, lime,
varying according to the liquid to be filtered is introduced through the top manhole
and the lid to the manhole then made fast. The liquor to be filtered is now
pumped in and when the apparatus is nearly full which is ascertained by the gauge
glass, air is admitted; the air is pumped in by means of an air compressor till the
required pressure determined by the gauge is reached. The liquid contained in
the apparatus passes through the filtering medium, from thence through the
cloth into the false bottom and away through the bottom valve to a suitable
receptacle.
Should a film form on the top of the filtering medium this may be removed till
the end of the operation by means of an internal tube connected with the air
compressor by which air may be blown in to stir up the surface of the filtering
medium. When the filtering medium becomes too much charged with the
material removed from the liquid the lower manhole is opened and it is allowed to
drop out.
A fresh supply is introduced at the top.

page_text: SUCH A WHICH пше of Charcoal is used as a medium it may be
purified by burning.
In order that our said invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect we will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation of a filtering apparatus constructed in accordance with
our invention.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the same.
'
A is a cylindrical tank; it is supported in any convenient manner resting on the
projections A' A' which are fixed upon it for this purpose. B is the cover to the
tank, it is secured by bolts in such a way as to be capable of resisting a considerable
pressure. The cover has in it a inanhole to which a cover B¹ is fitted. Two inlet
cocks B2 B3 are also fitted upon the cover, one of them is intended for the admission
of the liquid to be treated, the other for the admission of air under pressure to
force the liquid through the filtering bed. B is a pet cock provided for the escape
of air when this is desired; this also is upon the cover. A safety valve is also
provided, this may be fitted upon the cover B or it may be arranged more
immediately in connection with the pumps by which the pressure in the tank A is
maintained..
C is a pressure gauge fitted upon the side of the tank; it indicates the pressure
within the vessel. D is a gauge glass to show the height at which the liquid
stands within the tank.
E is the perforated false or inner bottom with which the tank A is provided it
is intended to support a filter cloth or fabric on which the bed of filtering material
is laid. F is a cock for drawing off the filtering liquid after it has passed through
the filtering bed supported upon the perforated inner bottom E. G is a cock for
drawing off the liquid from the tank A above the inner bottom. This cock is
mostly employed in emptying and cleansing the apparatus. His a door fitted to a
manhole in the side of the tank A immediately over the perforated inner bottom E
to which it gives ready access to admit of the filtering cloth or fabric being spread
upon the inner bottom. This manhole door is provided with fastenings as indicated
by the drawing and when closed it will stand a heavy pressure without leakage.
K is a perforated plate within the tank A; after the filtering fabric has been
spread upon the perforated inner bottom E. the plate K is laid over the cloth to
prevent the same being displaced during the further operations of preparing the
filtering bed.
After the manhole door at H has been closed the filtering material mixed with
water or with some of the liquid to be filtered is poured in at the top of the
apparatus through the aperture at B₁. This filtering material will be varied to
suit the nature of the liquid to be operated upon. Thus, in some cases animal
charcoal such as is employed in filtering, syrups of sugar may be used; vegetable
charcoal, vegetable fibre and saw dust are also suitable in many cases, lime in
powder is in some cases employed and so forth. Our invention does not relate to
the nature of the filtering medium but to the apparatus in which this medium is
applied. When the filtering material has been poured in as in the manner
described and in quantity sufficient to produce a filtering bed of suitable thickness,
it is allowed to stand for a short time so that the filtering material may be
deposited in a layer above the perforated inner bottom E and the filtering cloth is
placed thereon.
The operation of filtering now commences, the pumps are set to work and air is
forced into the vessel to a pressure sufficient to drive the liquid through the filtering
bed. The pressure is regulated in accordance with the flow of the liquid, if the
flow be sluggish the pressure is increased or if on the other hand it is too rapid and
any tendency to turbidity is observed the pressure is lessened so that the filtering
may take place somewhat more slowly but more completely.

page_text: As the liquid falls in the guage glass D further quantities are forced in by means
of a pump, and so the operation is continued and a large quantity of liquid may be
filtered without interfering with the filtering bed.
When the filtering bed ceases to be serviceable the pressure is let off, the tank is
emptied by the cock G and the manhole door H is removed. The filtering bed is
then readily cleared out and after cleaning the apparatus can be again set to work
as before.
In some cases the use of an air pump may be dispensed with the liquid pump
serving to maintain the necessary pressure within the tank A, whilst the liquid
carries with it into the tank sufficient air to prevent the filtering apparatus from
becoming over full.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
(1) Filtering apparatus consisting of a closed tank with a perforated inner
bottom on which to support a filtering bed and a manhole opening in the side of
the tank immediately above the inner bottom and in such a position as to give
ready access to the filtering bed for the purpose of its preparation or removal
substantially as described.
(2). Our improved filtering apparatus substantially as described and illustrated
by the annexed drawings.