IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. APPARATUS, OR MEANS FOR MALTING, HEATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Weems and William Weems, of Johnstone,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. APPARATUS, OR MEANS FOR
MALTING, HEATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING,"
Sealed the 10th August 1869, and dated the 22nd February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Weems and William
Weems at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd February 1869.
We, JOHN WEEMS and WILLIAM WEEMS, of Johnstone, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS
FOR MALTING, HEATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING," to be as follows :-
The objects of this Invention are improvements in machinery,
apparatus, or means for malting, heating, drying, cooling, and venti-
lating in a more rapid, economical, and superior manner than has hitherto
been accomplished, and is partially based upon an Invention of
"Improvements in Machinery, Apparatus, or Means for Heating and
[Price 8d.]

page_text: Drying Grain and other Vegetable Products, Fabrics, Paper, Yarns,
Fibrous Materials, and other Substances, for which Letters Patent were
granted to John Weems and William Weems on and about the 3rd day of
February 1868, and numbered 360.
One modification of our Invention suitable for growing and germi-
nating malt consists in having a series of discs or floors arranged one
above the other, and passing through the centre of these floors is an
upright revolving shaft with radial arms, on which are fixed directing
blades or conveyors.
These floors have openings at the centre and
periphery for the passage of the grain from floor to floor.
The barley or
malt being fed on to the top floor at the centre is distributed over it in
layers by the directing blades, and descending on to the next floor at
the outer opening passes from thence to the centre and falling through
the central opening, and so on untill by the action of the blades all the
floors are covered. The barley or malt may be turned or moved as
required and discharged at the lowest floor, and the floors may be
perforated or otherwise. The blades, stirrers, or conveyors can turn on
their centres and be set straight or to any inclination, so that the malt
can be turned or stirred without progression, and carried backwards and
forwards alternately untill ready to be discharged. The malt may be
fed on to the first floor at the periphery opening in lieu of the central
opening, and each floor may be supplied and discharged separately or
conjointly. The floors may be circular or otherwise shaped. The upright
shaft with the arms and directing blades may be stationary, and the
discs or floors caused to revolve. The central shaft may be hollow with
a tubular arm or arms perforated for sparging or moistening the malt.
Cold or hot air may be forced or drawn through the chamber, or heated
This
surfaces may be employed to maintain any desired temperature.
modification is also applicable for heating and drying malt grains,
granular and granulated materials, vegetable products, and other sub-
stances. The floors may be formed of steam-heated plates or boxes
double cased for the admission of steam or other hot fluid, or the plates
may be produced by having a wrought-iron steam pipe bent into an
zig-zag coil or other form laid in a mould and metal cast thereon, or the
floors may be heated means of steam or hot-water pipes placed
underneath, and the floors may be made of other suitable material, per-
forated or otherwise. The material to be dried is fed on to the top
floor, and passes successively over each floor until it arrives at the

page_text: lowest floor, where it is discharged dry or partially.dry. The blades,
stirrers, or conveyors can turn on their centres and be set straight or to
any inclination, so that the material can be turned. or stirred without:
progression, and carried backwards or forwards. alternately untill dry.or
partially dry and then discharged, and each floor .may be supplied and
discharged seperately or conjointly.. Hot or cold air may be forced or
drawn through the machine to assist the drying if required, and cold
water may be forced or drawn through the pipes when necessary for
cooling. By this means the material to be dried is exposed on both.
sides to the action of the heated surfaces and turned, dried, cooled,
and delivered. The machine may be enclosed in a chamber or otherwise.
When we employ a current. of steam-heated air for drying we prefer to
force the hot air in at the lowest floor, causing it to travel upwards in
an.opposite direction to the descending material, which comes in contact
with the highest temperature of the air before being delivered, and the
ascending air gives out its remaining heat to the descending material and
carries. off the moisture; but each floor may be independently supplied
with a current of hot air if necessary. For cooling granular substances,
worts; and liquids cold instead of hot air is employed, and the temperature
of the air may be reduced by the use of ice or other cooling medium.
Another modification for malting and drying inalt grain, grains;
granular and granulated materials, vegetable products, and other sub-
stances relates to a series of longitudinal. or. other shaped floors, placed
horizontally.. or inclined in a closed or open chamber and arranged one
above the other, leaving a space. between.. each and projecting beyond
each other alternately at the sides. These floors: may be formed of steam-
heated plates, as described, or made of suitable material, perforated or
otherwise. On each side of the floors are endless..chains, wires, ropes,
or other suitable contrivance fitted with bars, to which are attached
adjustable. directing.. blades or conveyors. arranged to travel along the
surface of the floor and driven by suitable gearing.. The barley, or malt
is fed on the first floor and carried by the conveyors to the opposite
side, and. falls over the edge, passing on to the second floor, and so on
untill all the floors are covered, and may be turned or moved as required
and discharged at the lowest floor. The floors may be arranged to act
seperately or independently, and the directing blades or conveyors may be
made stationary and the floors moveable. Hot or cold air may be forced
or drawu through the chamber; or heated surfaces may be employed: to

page_text: maintain any desired temperature, or a current of steam-heated air may
be forced up through the descending grain, or each floor may have an
independent supply.
Another modification for. malting consists in having one or more or a
series of travelling endless bands or aprons, perforated or otherwise;
placed horizontally or inclined, arranged above each other and driven by
suitable gearing. The aprons may project beyond each other alternately
at the ends, and the malt may fall from one to another until all the
aprous are covered. When desired the malt can be turned, moved, and
delivered at the lowest apron. Hot or cold air may be forced or drawn
through the chamber, and steam-heated surfaces may be employed to
maintain any desired. temperature. The barley or malt may be fed at
one end on to the apron or aprons and carried to the opposite end, where it
may be delivered, and on its passage it may be turned or stirred by move-
able or stationary blades or stirrers. This modification is also applicable
for drying malt grain, grains, granular and granulated materials, vege-
table products, fibrous and other substances. We form the endless tra-
velling aprons for this purpose of strips of sheet or hoop iron, or other
suitable material, jointed so as to pass over the end rollers for giving
the travelling motion to the aprons. The aprons may be made open,
perforated, or otherwise, and the material to be dried may be passed over
one apron or over a series successively, and made to fall from one to
the other, continuously turning, drying, and delivering, if required
Moveable or stationary bars or rods with adjustable. directing blades, rakes,
or stirrers may be used to turn the material and assist the drying when
necessary. Hot or cold air may be forced or drawn through the chamber,
or steam-heated surfaces may be employed between the top and bottom
of travelling apron for maintaining any desired temperature. A most
effective and economical mode of drying the material on travelling
aprons, whether constructed as described. or otherwise, consists in closing
in the two open sides of apron or aprons so as to form an air receptacle,
into which is forced or drawn a current of. steam-heated air by a
fan and suitable hot air apparatus or other means of producing
hot air .currents. By this means the hot air is forced through the
material to be dried, carrying off the moisture and thoroughly. and
rapidly dessicating. It is advantageous to place an air-tight or partially
air-tight partition or lining in the space between the top and bottom of
the travelling apron ao as to prevent the hot..air from passing through
the perforations of the return side of the apron....A conduit or pipe with

page_text: openings may be placed in the space between the top and bottom of the
travelling aprons for the distribution of the hot air through the material
to be dried, and these openings may have regulators. In drying-some
materials we place this hot air conduit or pipe with openings on the top
side or above the travelling apron or aprons, and force or draw the hot
air down through the material to be dried, and this anay also be used in
combination with the other plans described.
Another modification for malting consists in having a series of trays,
drawers, or portable shelves, partitions, or divisious, formed of openwork
or otherwise, placed one above the other, and constructed to nove
upwards or downwards, arranged in a suitable frame. These trays may
be fed with the barley or malt at top and travel downwards, being
delivered at bottom; or they may be fed at bottom and delivered at top
as desired:
Hot or cold air may be forced or drawn through the
chamber, or steam-heated surfaces may be employed to maintain any
desired temperature. The malt can be turned or stirred by scrapers,
rakes, or stirrers. This modification is also applicable for drying malt
grain, grains, granular and granulated materials, vegetable products,
fibrous and other substances by being enclosed in a chamber and hot or
cold air forced through the material to be dried.
In drying machine made paper, sized paper, fibrous and woven
materials we force a current of steam-heated air through conduits or
pipes placed underneath the 'machine with openings to which regulators
inay be applied for regulating the distribution of the hot air. By this
means the hot air impinges on the surface of the paper as it is carried
along by the reels, drunis, or cylinders, expelling the moisture and
drying the
paper, giving it a superior strength and finish. The sides of
the machine may be enclosed to assist the drying.
When steam
cylinders are used for drying paper and fabrics we put a cover or covers
or trays above them, so as to form an enclosure for the collection of the
steam and moisture arising from the process of drying, and passing
through this enclosure we have a conduit pipe or pipes with suitable
openings, which may be fitted. with regulators. and connected to an
exhaust fan or other exhauster or draught producer. By this means the
moisture is rapidly removed, water drops prevented, and the drying of
the paper greatly facilitated. We prefer to admit the cold air into the
machine room- at suitable openings near the floor for the purpose of
keeping the room cool and pleasant for the workers. In some cases the

page_text: covers or trays may be dispensed with, and the exhausting conduits or
pipes alone used: The moisture may also be extracted by a double or
jacketted cased vertical steam pipe or pipes passing through the roof of
the building and connected to the covers, trays, or enclosure, the
moisture being carried off through the centre or outside, or both, of the
steam jacketted pipe; or a steam pipe or pipes may be placed in the
may be used for pro-
covers or vertically in a ventilating pipe, or gas
ducing a draught. In each of these cases suitable ventilators may be
placed on top of ventilating pipes.
Another modification of this Invention relating to the productions of
hot air for drying consists in having a cylindrical irou case with welded
wrot-iron tubes running through it longitudinally, and fixed in metal
ends jointed with iron cement, rivetted, screwed or otherwise. Super-
heated steam, combined steam, steam direct from a boiler or the exhaust
steam of a high-pressure engine is introduced into the cylindrical iron
The external surface of the tubes being thus surrounded by heat
cold air may be forced or drawn by a fan or otherwise through the
interior of the tubes, which on its passage becomes heated, and this hot
air may be conveyed by pipes or otherwise to the material to be dried,
or receptacle or apartment, chamber or building to be warmed or heated.
This apparatus is also suitable for heating and ventilating hospitals,
asylums, workhouses, and other large buildings, floor-cloth and other
factories, calico printed and other drying stoves and drying rooms, &
drying machines of every description. The currents of air may be pro-
duced by means of a steam turbine or wheel and fan combined, and the
waste steam of the steam turbine or wheel used for giving up its heat to
the air, being a very economical arrangement for heating and drying.
The blowing or exhausting fan may be constructed with circular discs
with screw blades between each disc to give quantity of air, powerful
blast, and silent action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said. John. Weems and William Weems in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 14th August 1869...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
WEEMS and WILLIAM WEEMS, both of Johnstone, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in
the thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give. and grant unto us, the said John Weems and William
Weens, Her special licence that we, the said John Weems and William
Weems, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said John Weems and William Weems, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, APPA-
RATUS, OR MEANS FOR MALTING, HEATING, DRYING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Weems and
William Weems, our executors or administrators, by an instrument.in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Weems and William Weems,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The objects of this Invention are improvements in machinery,
apparatus, or means for malting, heating, drying, cooling, and
ventilating in a more rapid, economical, and superior manner than has
been hitherto accomplished, and is partially based upon an Invention of
"Improvements in Machinery, Apparatus, or Means for Heating and
Drying Grain and other Vegetable Products, Fabrics, Paper, Yarns,
Fibrous Materials, and other Substances," for which Letters Patent were
granted to John Weems and William Weems on or about the 3rd day
of February 1868, and No. 360.
One modification of our Invention suitable for growing and gerini-
nating malt consists in having a series of discs or floors arranged one
above the other, and passing through the centre of these floors is an

page_text: upright revolving shaft with radial arms, on which are fixed directing
blades or conveyors. These floors have openings at their centre and
periphery for the passage of the grain from floor to floor. The barley
or malt being fed on to the top floor at the centre is distributed over it
in layers by the directing blades, and descending on to the next floor
at the outer opening passes from thence to the centre and falling
through the central opening, and so on until by the action of the blades
all the floors are covered. The barley or malt may be turned or moved
as required and discharged at the lowest floor, and the floors may be
perforated or otherwise. The blades, stirrers, or conveyors can turn
on their centres, and can be set straight or to any inclination so that the
malt can be turned or stirred without progression, and carried backwards
and forwards alternately until ready to be discharged. The malt may be
fed on to the first floor at the periphery opening in lieu of the central
opening, and each floor may be supplied and discharged separately or
conjointly. The floors may be circular or otherwise shaped. The
upright shaft with the arms and directing blades may be stationary and
the discs or floors caused to revolve. The central shaft may be hollow
with a tubular arm or arms perforated for sparging or moistening the
malt. Cold or hot air may be forced or drawn through the chamber, or
heated surfaces may be employed to maintain any desired temperature.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a sectional elevation,
and Fig. 2 a plan of a malting machine made in accordance with one
modification of this part of our Invention.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are the floors or discs; 7, central shaft; 8, radial arms;
9, directing blades, 10, feed hopper; 11, delivery spout; 12, driving
gearing.
The machine by preference consists of six floors, but one or more
may be used.
The grain to be malted is fed in at the hopper 10, and
distributed over the disc 1, and carried to the outer side or periphery,
where it falls through an opening on to the disc 2, and so on
successively until the discs 3, 4, 5, and 6 are covered. The grain or
malt may be turned to and fro continuously, or at suitable intervals, by
the directing blades 9, as regulated on the radial arms 8, and the malt
finally discharged at the delivery spout 11. The feed hopper 10 may be
regulated by a slide or other contrivance. By this system of arranging
the floors a great saving is effected in floor space, and by the feeding,
turning, and delivering, malting process is hastened, greater regularity

page_text: maintained, and much labour saved. The temperature can be regulated
by hot or cold air to suit the condition of the grain or barley in process of
malting. This modification is also applicable for heating and drying inalt,
grains, granular and granulated materials, vegetable products, and other
substances. The floors may be formed of steam-heated plates or boxes
double cased for the admission of steam or other hot fluid, or the plates
may be produced by having a wrought-iron steam pipe bent into a zig-
zag coil or other form and laid in a mould and metal cast thereon, or the
floor may be heated by means of steam or hot water pipes placed
underneath, and the floors may be made of other suitable material,
perforated or otherwise. The material to be dried is fed on to the top
floor and passes successively over each floor until it arrives at the
lowest floor, where it is discharged dry or partially dry. The blades,
stirrers, or conveyors can turn on their centres and can be set straight
be turned or stirred
or to any inclination, so that the material can
without progression and carried backwards or forwards alternately until
dry or partially dry and then discharged, and each floor may be supplied
and discharged separately or conjointly. Steam-heated air may be
forced or drawn through the machine to assist the drying if required,
and cold water may be forced or drawn through the pipes when neces-
sary
for cooling. By this means the material to be dried is exposed on
both sides to the action of the heated surfaces and turned, dried,
cooled, and delivered. The machine may be enclosed in a chamber or
otherwise.
When we employ a current of steam-heated air for drying we prefer
using a tubular steam heating apparatus 13, with a blowing fan 14,
and forcing the hot air in at the lowest floor, as indicated by the arrow 15,
causing it to travel upwards in an opposite direction to the descending
material which comes in contact with the highest temperature of the
air before being delivered. and the ascending air gives out its remaining
heat to the descending material and carries off the moisture; but each
floor may be independently supplied with a current of hot air if
necessary. The upright shaft with the arms and directing blades can
be stationary, and the discs or floors caused to revolve.
Fig. 3 is a plan, and Fig. 4 a cross section of one modification of a
steam-heated floor for drying. 16 shews the hollow chambers cast on
bottom for the conveyance of steam or other hot fluid, which is
admitted at the inlet 17, the condense water escaping at 18.

page_text: For cooling granular substances, worts, and liquids a cooling fluid
is circulated through the hollow chambers 16, and a current of cold air
may be employed to assist the cooling.
Another modification for malting and drying malt grain, grains,
granular and granulated materials, vegetable products, and other sub-
stances relates to a series of one or more longitudinal or other shaped
floors placed horizontally or inclined in a closed or open chamber and
arranged one above the other, leaving a space between each and pro-
jecting beyond each other at the sides.
These floors may be formed
of steam-heated plates, as described, or made of suitable material,
perforated or otherwise. On each side of the floors are endless chains,
wires, ropes, or other suitable contrivance fitted with bars to which
are attached adjustable directing blades or conveyors arranged to travel
along the surface of the floor or floors and driven by suitable gearing.
The barley, grain, or other material is fed on to the top floor and carried
by the conveyors to the opposite side, and falls over the edge, passing
on to the second floor, and so on until all the floors are covered aud
may be turned or moved as required and discharged at the lowest
floor. The floors may be arranged to act separately or independently,
and the directing blades or conveyors may be made stationary and the
floors moveable. Hot or cold air may be forced or drawn through the
chamber, or heated surfaces may be employed to maintain any desired
temperature, or a current of steam-heated air may be forced or drawn
up through the descending grain, or each floor may have an independent
supply.
Fig. 5 represents a sectional elevation, Fig. 6 a plan, and Fig. 7
sectional end elevation of a machine according to one of the modifi-
cations. The material to be malted or dried is fed through a regulating
hopper 23 on to the floor 19, and carried by the directing blades 21
fixed to the travelling chains 20 to the opposite side, and falling through
an opening is received on to the next floor, and successively passed
from floor to floor until all the floors are covered, and ultimately
delivered at the spout 24 dried or partially dried. The process of drying
may be carried on with a continuous feed and delivery, and the con-
version of grain into malt to suit the required conditions. The rollers 22
give motion to the endless travelling chaius 20, but the chains may
have a to-and-fro motion. The top floors may be arranged for drying

page_text: cooled, and delivered.
Fig. 8 is a cross section of a steam-heated floor under one of the
modifications, 25 indicating the hollow chambers for the reception of
the steam or hot fluid, and for the reception of cold fluid when used
for cooling.
Another modification for malting consists in having one or a series of
travelling endless bands or aprons, perforated otherwise, placed hori-
zontally or inclined arranged above each other and driven by suitable
gearing. The aprons may project beyond each other alternately at the
ends, and the malt may face from one to another until all the aprons are
covered. When desired the grain or malt can be turned, moved, and
delivered at the lowest apron. Hot or cold air may be forced or drawn
through the chamber, and steam-heated surfaces may be employed to
maintain any desired temperature. The barley or inalt may be fed at one
end on to the apron or aprons and carried to the opposite end, where it may
be delivered, and on its passage it may be turned or stirred by moveable
or stationary blades or stirrers. This modification is also applicable for
drying malt grain, grains, granular and granulated materials, vegetable
products, fibrous and other substances. We form the endless travelling
aprons for this purpose of strips of sheet or hoop iron or other suitable
material, jointed so as to pass over the end rollers for giving the
travelling motion to the aprons. The aprons may be made open, per-
forated, or otherwise, and the material to be dried may be passed over
one apron or over a series successively and made to fall from one to
the other, continuously turning, drying, and delivering if required.
Moveable or stationary bars or rods with adjustable directing blades,
rakes, or stirrers may be used to turn the material and assist the drying
when necessary.
Hot or cold air may be forced or drawn through the
chamber, or steam-heated surfaces may be employed between the bottom
and top of travelling apron for maintaining any desired temperature.
A most effective and economical mode of drying the material on
travelling aprons, whether constructed as described or otherwise, consists
in closing in the two open sides of apron or aprons so as to form an
air receptacle into which is forced or drawn a current of steam-heated
air by a fan and suitable hot air apparatus or other means of producing
hot air currents. By this means the hot air is forced through the
material to be dried, carrying off the moisture and thoroughly and

page_text: In
rapidly dessicating. It is advantageous to place an air-tight or partially
air-tight partition or lining in the space between the top and bottom
of the travelling apron so as to prevent the hot air from passing through
the perforations of the return side of the apron. A conduit or pipe
with openings may be placed in the space between the top and bottom
of the travelling aprons for the distribution of the bot air through the
material to be dried, and these openings may have regulators.
drying some materials we place this hot air conduit or pipe with
openings on the top side or above the travelling apron or aprons, and
force or draw the hot air down through the material to be dried, and
this may also be used in combination with the other plans described.
A modification of this machine is shewn at Fig. 9, a sectional elevation.
The material to be dried is fed at 28 on to the travelling apron 26
and carried along to the opposite end where it falls, as indicated by
the arrow, on to the under apron, and so on successively until it reaches
the bottom apron which delivers it dry or partially dry at 20. The
rollers 27 are driven by suitable gearing. Steam-heated air generated
by the fan 34 and heating apparatus 33 is conducted by the main
pipe 32 to the upright or stand pipes 31, and distributed and forced
through the materials on the aprons by openings on the cross pipes 30.
In this manner regularity, rapidity, and superiority is secured con-
tinuously. Any number of stand or upright pipes may be used, and
the air may be distributed and forced through the material on the
aprons in a variety of ways without departing from the main features
of this modification. The top aprons may be employed for drying
and the botton apron or aprons for cooling when required.
Another modification for malting consists in having a series of trays,
drawers, or portable shelves, partitions, or divisions, formed of openwork
or otherwise, placed one above the other and constructed to move
upwards or downwards, arranged in a suitable frame. These trays may
be fed with barley or grain at the top and travel downwards, being
delivered at bottom, or they may be fed at bottom and delivered at top
as desired.
Hot or cold air may be forced or drawn through the
chamber, or steam-heated surfaces may be employed to maintain any
desired temperature. The malt can be turned or stirred by scrapers,
rakes, or stirrers. This modification is also applicable for drying malt,
grain, grains, granular and granulated materials, vegetable products,
fibrous and other substances by being enclosed in a chamber and hot or
cold air forced through the material to be dried. Fig. 10 represents a

page_text: sectional side elevation, and Figure 11 a sectional end elevation of one
of the modifications of this machine. The trays 35 having received
the material to be dried are passed into the chamber 36 through the
opening 37, and on their passage downwards the material is dried by
a current of steam-heated air forced or drawn upwards through the
material, and on their arrival at the bottom of the chamber are with-
drawn at the opening 38 and the dry material removed and refilled with
wet material and again passed into the cnamber 37. Fig. 12 exhibits
a plan of one of the trays formed of openwork. The same operation
is performed in the process of malting and the temperature regulated
to suit.
In drying machine made paper, sized paper, fibrous and woven
materials we force a current of steam-heated air through conduits or
pipes placed underneath the machine with openings to which regulators
may be applied for regulating the distribution of the hot air. By this
means the hot air impinges on the surface of the paper as it is carried
along by the reels, drums, or cylinders, expelling the moisture and drying
the paper, giving it a superior strength and finish. The sides of the
machine may be enclosed to assist the drying.
In drying sized or dressed yarns on a reel or cylinder, one or more,
we force the current of steam-heated air into the reels or cylinders and
on its passage through the periphery dries the yarn.
When steam cylinders are used for drying paper and fabrics we put a
cover or covers or trays above them so as to form an enclosure for the
collection of the steam arising from the process of drying, and passing
through this enclosure we have a conduit or pipe or pipes with suitable
openings which may be fitted with regulators and connected to au
exhaust fan or other exhauster or. draught producer. By this means the
moisture is rapidly removed, water drops prevented, and the drying of
the paper greatly facilitated. The system of extracting moisture under
this modification is shewn at Fig. 13, a side elevation, and Fig. 14, an
end elevation. The moisture arising from the steam-heated drying
cylinders 42 ascends and is collected in the cover or tray 39, and when
the exhaust fan 41 is set in motion a suction is produced in. the
conduit or pipe 40 communicating with openings to the cover 39, and
by this means the moisture is rapidly withdrawn and carried to the
fan, which expels it beyond the building through the outlet 43. We
prefer to admit the cold air into the machine room at suitable openings

page_text: near the door for the purpose of keeping the room cool and pleasant
for the workers. In some cases the covers or trays may be dispensed
with and the exhausting conduits or pipes alone used. The moisture
may also be extracted by a double cased or jacketted vertical steam pipe
or pipes passsing through the roof of the building and connected to the
covers, trays, or enclosure, the moisture being carried off though the
centre or outside, or both, of the steam jacketted pipe, or a steam pipe
or pipes may be placed in the covers or vertically in a ventilating pipe,
or gas may be used for producing a draught. In each of these cases
suitable ventilators may be placed on top of ventilating pipes. This
system is also applicable to the ventilation of buildings and factories.
According to one of the modifications, Fig. 15 is a side elevation,
partly in section, and Fig. 16 au end elevation. The moisture from the
steam-drying cylinders 47 passes up into the cover or tray 44, connected
to which are two ventilating pipes 45 and 46 with wind-guard ventilators
50 on top. A circular coil of steam pipes is shewn at 45, and by example
a series of vertical pipes at 46; they are supplied with steam from the
pipe 48, and the condense water removed by the pipe 49. The steam
pipes placed in the ventilating pipes 45 and 46 rarify the air and produce
a strong upward current, carrying off the moisture collected in the cover
and expelling it through the ventilators 50, thereby maintaining a con-
stant ventilation. The upward current may be assisted when necessary
by a steam jet.
Another modification of this invention relating to the production of
hot air for drying consists in having a cylindrical iron case with welded
wrought-iron tubes running through it longitudinally and fixed in metal
ends jointed with iron or other cement rivetted, screwed, or otherwise.
Superheated steam, combined steam, steam direct from a boiler, or the
exhaust steam of a high-pressure engine is introduced into the cylin-
drical iron case. The external surface of the tubes being thus surrounded
with heat, cold air may be forced or drawn by a fan or otherwise through
the interior of the tubes, which on its passage becomes heated, and this
hot air may be conveyed by pipes or otherwise to the material to be
dried, or receptacle or apartment, chamber or building to be warmed
or heated. This apparatus is also suitable for heating and ventilating
hospitals, asylums, workhouses, and other buildings, floorcloth and other
factories, and drying rooms for floor and oil cloths, tarpaulins, calico,
printed goods, and other materials.

page_text: The apparatus for the production of currents of hot air is constructed
is shewn at Fig. 17, a longitudinal elevation partly in section. 33, a
cylindrical iron or metal case having a number of tubes passing through
it and fixed in metal ends. Steam is introduced at the inlet pipe 51, and
the external surface of the tubes being thus surrounded with heat cold
air is forced by the steam fan 34 through the interior of the tubes, which
on its passage becomes heated. The outlet pipe 52 provides for the
escape of condense water. The waste steam of the steam fan, rotary
engine, or steam wheel is used for giving up its heat to the air, being a
very economical arrangement. The fan or blowing machine may be
driven by any other power, and steam from a steam boiler or the exhaust
steam of a steam engine may be used for heating the air.
Fig. 18 represents an end elevation, and Fig. 19 a side elevation of the
fan driven direct from the shaft of a steam wheel or rotary engine;
Fig. 20, an end elevation, and Fig. 21, a side elevation of the fan driven
by friction wheels. The blowing or exhausting fan may be constructed
with circular revolving discs having screw blades between each disc to
give quantity of air, power, full blast, and silent action.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Weems and William Weems,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
5 Witness,
ALEXANDER WYLIE,
Perseverance Iron Works,
Johnstone.
(L.S.)
JOHN WEEMS.
WILLIAM WEEMS. (L.B.)