UFACTURING
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 13th Apr., 1889
A communication from abroad by THE STANDARD TYPE-WRITER MANUFACTURING
COMPANY, organised under the Laws of the State of New York, U.S.A.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to that class of type-writing machines in which a series of
type bars or levers, each bearing two type or printing characters, are arranged in a
circular series and caused to strike at one or the other of two points, the paper
sustaining roll or platen being shifted to receive the blow of one or the other of the
type, as required.
The invention relates to the various parts of the machine, and is designed to
improve the action of its various parts, with a view to rendering its work more exact,
to lessen the play and wear of parts, to decrease the power required to operate the
machine, to facilitate adjustment, renewal or repair of parts, and generally to perfect
those parts which have in practical use of the machine been found susceptible of
improvement.
The main frame of the machine is of usual form, the travelling carriage is movable
as a whole from side to side upon the frame, and the roller frame is capable of being
shifted backward and forward upon the main carriage to bring the roller or platen over
one or the other of the two printing characters, with which each type bar is furnished.
The carriage is guided in its travel back and forth by two rods or bars (hereinafter
called No. 1 and No. 2) one No. 1 secured rigidly to posts or standards rising from
the top of the frame at or near its front, and the other No. 2 being tapped at its ends
to receive screws which serve as journals for said rod, the screws passing through and
their heads being seated in holes formed through uprights at or near the rear side of
the frame.
Former rod No. 2 being thus supported is free to rock or turn, and forms a hinge
rod for the carriage, permitting the latter to be raised to or thrown slightly back of a
vertical position to expose to view the line being printed.

page_text: The said bar No. 2 is of D-form in cross section, one face being planed off or other
wise removed from a previously cylindrical rod, so as to form a flat bearing face to
receive a supporting roller by which the rear side of the carriage is sustained while in
working position.
The said roller is carried in a yoke or small open frame cast. integral with the rear
bar of the carriage frame and consequently tips with the carriage frame as the latter
is raised or lowered, and being maintained always in contact with rod or bar No. 2
it will be seen that said rod must turn in unison with the frame, which is the reason
for arranging it to rock or turn in its supports.
The rear bar of the frame is furnished with two perforated lugs or ears which are
tapped to receive tubular bushings preferably of brass or other alloy or metal which
sliding upon the bar No. 2 will give but little friction, and wear but slightly.
The bushings are of a length sufficient to reach through and project some distance
beyond the ears, the projecting portions forming pivots or hinge pins for a tipping
frame carrying feed dogs which alternately engage with a vibrating rack bar, and
thus bring about the step by step advance of the carriage, the rack bar being actuated
through the depression of the finger keys as hereinafter explained.
The front guide bar No. 1 is beveled or reduced in width at its upper edge, and the
front bar of carriage frame is furnished with two supporting and guiding rollers which
are V-grooved to cause them to fit and travel upon the bar without any play in the
direction of their axes.
Owing to this arrangement the carriage is prevented from moving toward or from
the front of the machine, and the rear side of the carriage frame being held at just
the proper distance from the rear supporting rod or bar No. 1 by the roller it follows
that if the bushings are once adjusted to encircle without actually bearing upon rod,
they will continue thus out of contact so long as the guiding rollers rest upon the rod,
but when the rollers are lifted from said rod or bar, as in throwing up the carriage,
the bushings will bear upon said rod, and the frame and rod will move together.
By thus relieving the hinge rod of the duty of guiding the carriage, and of all wear
except that due to the flat faced roller resting upon its upper face, the thrust of the
shifting supplemental carriage is taken off the hinge rod, and the tendency to interfere
with the nice adjustment and action of the spacing devices is overcome.
The hinge
rod instead of being worn at short intervals corresponding with the teeth of the rack
bar, remains smooth and its pivots unworn, and the movements of the carriage continue
free and certain.
Heretofore the step by step advance of the carriage has been effected by means of
two dogs, one rigid and the other yielding, carried by a vibrating.er oscillating lever
connected with a cross bar extending across the machine beneath the key levers, said
dogs arranged to enter alternately into engagement with a rack attached to and
movable with the carriage. Under the present plan this arrangement is reversed, the
dogs being attached to and movable with the carriage, a chance, which, together with
certain modifications of the dogs, greatly improves the spacing mechanism, and
renders the carriage capable of being drawn back to the starting point without
separating the dogs and rack bar, and yet without injury to either.
The construction and arrangement of the spacing devices will now be explained.
The rack bar, is formed with a series of equidistant teeth along its upper edge, and
is carried by the upright arms of two elbow levers which are made fast upon a
common rod or shaft carried at its ends upon taper pivots, secured to lugs cast upon
the frame.
The pivots occasion but little friction and afford ready means of adjustment to
compensate for wear, it being important to avoid any play of the rod or shaft
upon its pivots other than the simple rocking action.
The horizontal arms of the elbow levers are each provided with a stud at or near
the outer end, upon which is hung a link or wire rod each rod extending downward
to near the lower line of frame and threaded at the lower end to receive a nut
by which to retain upon the rods or links a cross bar through which the rods pass.

page_text: A bar passes beneath all the key levers and under the levers which carry the
spacing bar of finger piece for spacing between words, and is consequently depressed
whenever any key or the space bar is pressed down. It is held against moving
toward the front or rear of the machine by means of pins projecting downward from
the levers of the space bar.
The pivoted frame which carries the spacing dogs as above mentioned, is limited
as to its descent by engagement with the carriage, and has a recessed vertical face
extending directly over and at right angles to the rack bar, the side walls of the
recess being perforated to receive a pin which serves as a pivot for a block, by which
block the dogs are carried, one dog being pivotally and the other dog rigidly attached
to said 'block.
The face or wall of the recess in which the block is pivoted, and the face of the
block itself immediately in rear of the pivoted dog, are both cut away so as to leave
only a narrow edge or surface, to form a bearing against which the block and the dog
shall respectively bear, and by their backward movements shall be limited.
The purpose of thus cutting away the stop faces is to reduce to a minimum the
surface upon which dust might lodge, it being apparent that any matter lodging
between the dog and block, or between the block and frame would lessen their move-
ment and thereby lessen the advance of the carriage.
The pivot of the block is considerably back of its medial line, so that the block
naturally swings by its own gravity into contact with the bearing face of the
frame.
The said pivoted dog is likewise pivoted at or near its upper end to a block, but
its lower end is urged away from its stop face by a light but highly elastic spring,
interposed between its rear face and the face of the block, a spring being necessary
in order to give a quickness of action that is unattainable by gravity.
The play of the pivoted feed dog regulated by a screw passing through a hole or
slot in the dog and through the block, its rear end being furnished with a jam nut as
shown. Beneath the head of this screw is placed a washer, against which the feed
dog bears when thrown forward, said washer being made of leather, rubber or other
material adapted to lessen noise or wear of the parts. By turning the screw in or out,
the play of the dog may be regulated as desired.
The rack bar is thrown, and normally held back to the limit of its vibration, and in
line with the yielding dog aforesaid by means of a spring which is preferably made in
the form of a spiral coil, and one end of which is caused to engage with the main frame
or other fixed part of the machine, while the other end is attached to a collar encircling
the common rod aforesaid and adjustable about said rod by means of a thumb screw
turning loosely in the collar and engaging with worm teeth cut in or upon the rod.
By turning the screw to the right or left the collar may be turned about the rod and
the tension of the spring varied as desired.
.
The carriage being drawn forward by a spring as usual, it follows that whenever a
key lever or the space bar is depressed the rack bar is thrown forward out of the path
of the yielding dog which instantly springs forward the distance of one tooth, at which
point it is stopped by the regulating screw, the force of the carriage-advancing
spring serving to overcome the light spring and consequently holding the pivoted feed
dog
aligument with the rigid dog, so long as the rack is in its normal position and
the pivoted dog is in engagement therewith. It therefore follows that as the rack is
thrown forward into the path of the rigid dog, said dog engages with the tooth of the
rack just passing out of engagement with the pivoted feed dog, and thereby prevents
the carriage from moving forward, but as the pressure is removed from the key lever
or space bar the rack swings back out of engagement with the rigid dog, and its next
tooth engages with the pivoted feed dog.. The propelling spring of the carriage then
overcoming the slight resistance of the light spring aforesaid, advances the carriage
until the block bears against the rear face of the feed dog, and the two dogs are thus
again brought into alignment, the advance being the distance from one tooth of the
rack to another, as usual.
The movement. of, the pivoted dog about-its- pivot in- the block is not and cannot

page_text: conveniently be made sufficient to permit the dog to rise clear of the rack when
moving the carriage back to the starting point, hence the necessity of the pivoted
block, which, by yielding, adds sufficiently to the movement of the feed dog to enable
it to ride freely over the rack teeth.
In order, however, to enable the operator to lift the dogs entirely clear of the rack
bar and thus to avoid even the slight wear that might result from drawing back the
carriage and permitting the feed dog to drag over the teeth of the rack bar, a dog
frame with a lever is provided which extends forward toward the front of the machine,
and is bent upward within easy reach of the operator, preferably at the left hand of
the platen or roller.
The details of the combined carriage and the controlling devices thereof will now
be explained.
As already mentioned, the main carriage is drawn forward by a spring, and is
moved back by hand for the commencement of a new line, and the supplemental
carriage is made to shift toward and from the front of the machine to bring the
paper over the capitals or the small letters of the type bars.
To permit this shifting to be readily effected and with slight expenditure of force,
the main carriage is provided at each end with two rollers upon which rest flanges of
the supplemental frame, other flanges along the lower side of the end bars of the said
frame, engaging beneath the end bars of the main frame and thereby preventing the
former from being lifted or from falling off the latter, as it might otherwise do in
shifting the supplemental frame or in tipping up the carriage.
The frame of the main carriage being cast in one piece, it is necessary to apply the
end bars of the supplemental frame thereto, before said end bars are finally joined
together by the front bar and platen or roll shaft which with the end bars make up
the supplemental frame.
The platen or paper sustaining roll is mounted upon the platen shaft or rod and
free to turn thereon or therewith as said shaft is fixed or left free to turn, the former
plan being ordinarily adopted.
The paper to be printed upon passes over a roller or cylinder in rear of the platen
thence beneath the platen and upward in front of the same, falling back over the
same, as usual; and to keep the paper smooth and ensure its even and uniform feeding
throughout its width, bands or belts preferably of rubber are carried about grooved
pulleys at the ends of the roll, thence beneath the platen and finally about grooved
pulleys in front of the platen, the upper portion of the belt bearing against the paper
and pressing it against the platen.
Prior to this invention the front pulleys were mounted upon a rod or shaft extending
from one end-bar of the shifting supplemental frame to the other, a construction which
necessitated the detachment of the rod before a worn or broken band could be
renewed. This necessity is obviated by mounting the pulleys upon short stems
projecting toward each other from the opposite end bars of the frame. The side play
of the pulleys is very slight owing to the fact that the belts or bands which pass
about them pass also about the rear pulleys which have no side play, hence there is
no liability of the front pulleys becoming dismounted, yet when necessary the bands
may be readily slipped off the pulleys and over.the ends of the stems.
The journals of the roller aforesaid are carried in hooks or hook shaped hangers
pivotally attached to the end bars of shifting frame and hence said roller may be
readily removed, as heretofore, and thus the ready and complete removal and replace-
ment of the bands is permitted.
The lower leaves of the bands are shielded by thin metal guards projecting from
the supporting ends of the scale plate and having upturned leaves which prevent
removal of the front pulleys from their studs, the arms being carried by the short
stems aforesaid.
?
The scale plate of the platen is divided into spaces corresponding with the spacing
of the teeth of the rack bar, and numbered from zero at the left to 70 at the right, in
the present instance, though the rack bars and carriages are made of different lengths
in different machines, and the scales are of course made to correspond..

page_text: Hitherto the scale has been of such shape that its ends and their supporting arms
bave been required to occupy a position between the upper and lower leaves of the
bands thus rendering the application and removal of the bands difficult.
In the present machine the ends of the scale are twisted or bent so that their flat
faces stand at an angle of from 30 degress to 45 degrees relatively to the face of the
scale, the body of which is made of V-shape in cross section, one leaf extending
upward from the arms nearly to the face of the platen or roll, and the other following
from that point more or less closely the face of the platen.
By giving the scale this peculiar form it is adapted to pass wholly beneath the
bands, which may therefore be applied or removed with far greater case than hereto-
fore, though the graduated edge of the scale occupies its usual position in very close
proximity to the face of the platen.
The upper backwardly turned leaf of the scale serves to support the paper and
assists the bands in directing it beneath and around the platen.
The paper being held by the bands closely against the platen which is ordinarily
faced with rubber, is advanced after the completion of a line, by a short partial
rotation of the platen or roll which is effected by a hand lever pivoted upon one of
the stems of the shifting supplemental carriage, and carrying a dog which engages
with the teeth of a ratchet wheel, secured upon the end of the platen roll.
It is desirable to be able to vary the line spacing for different kinds of work, in
some cases placing them very close together, in others, giving them about
the spacing of ordinary legal cap paper, and again placing them still further
apart.
To provide for such variation and ensure precisely the spacing desired, a stop plate
is employed having three shoulders (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3,) and pivoted at one end to
the horizontal top face of the shifting frame in position to engage and limit the
motion of a stud or pin projecting from the side of the hand lever above the pivot of
said lever.
The form of the lever may be said to consist of an upright portion rising directly
from the pivot, then bending forward and downward to form a stop arm, which, as
the lever is thrown forward by means of its forwardly and downwardly extending
tail or hand piece, is brought into contact with the ratchet wheel aforesaid and thereby
prevented from going further forward. Riveted or otherwise secured to the rear face
of the upright stem or portion of the hand lever is a spring, which, bearing against
a pin or stud of the shifting frame tends to throw the lever and its stop arm away
from the ratchet wheel and consequently to carry the dog back over the teeth of said
wheel, to prevent its engagement with a fresh tooth preparatory to another forward
movement to turn the roll or platen.
If only a narrow space is desired between the lines, the stop plate is moved
to such position that its shoulder, No. 3 the one nearest its pivot and nearest the roll
shall stand in the path of a pin; if a wider space is desired the plate is swung out
far enough to remove shoulder No. 3 from and to bring shoulder No 2 into the path
of the said pin, or if still wider spacing be desired, the plate is swung still further
aside, carrying shoulder No. 2 out of and bringing shoulder No. 1 into the path of
the pin.
To prevent the plate from moving beyond the distance necessary to give the
adjustments thus stated, a slot is made in it to receive a pin or stud projecting from
the top of the shifting frame, and to retain the top plate at the precise adjustment
desired it is made thin and elastic, so that it may spring slightly up from the said
frame, and it is furnished with three notches or recesses, corresponding to the three
shoulders No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, so that as the plate is moved to one or another
position, one or other of the notches or recesses shall come directly over a rounded
or beveled stud rising from the shifting frame, the two entering into engagement and
thereby holding the plate against accidental movement.
Obviously, the arrangement may be reversed, the notches or recesses being
made in the shifting. frame, and the projection upon the lower face of the spring
plate.

page_text: A suitable knob or button is furnished by which to move the plate from
position to another.
one
The dog is formed with a thumb piece or extension in rear of its pivot, by which
it may be lifted out of engagement with the ratchet wheel if at any time it is desired
to rock the hand lever without turning the roll or platen.
A spring detent secured to the shifting frame and bearing upon ratchet wheel
prevents the roll from being carried by monetum beyond the intended distance.
The shifting carriage or frame is held normally at one or the other extreme of its
movement upon the main carriage by reason of engagement with a shifting bar or
rod which is carried by two elbow levers, secured upon a rock shaft carried at its
ends by pointed pivots passing through holes in lugs of the main frame and secured
by set screws below the top or platform of the latter.
The upright arms of the levers pass through holes or slots in the top plate of the
main frame, and the rock shaft is curved to pass outside and clear of the type levers
which latter are elbow levers, grouped about a circular opening in the table or top of
the table or top of the machine, through which they rise and fall as usual.
Riveted or otherwise firmly secured to the under face of the front bar of the
shifting frame are four beveled blocks arranged in pairs, with just enough space
between the blocks of each pair to receive the shifting rod or bar aforesaid the inner
or opposing faces of the blocks being perpendicular and parallel down to a point
somewhat below the axis of the rod or bar, and beveled from said faces downward
and outward.
The inclined faces are sufficiently extended to ensure the bearing of one or the
other upon the shifting rod or bar whenever the carriage is in its normal position, and
whether it be in adjustment for printing small letters or capitals, so that if the
carriage frame he turned up, the inclined faces bearing upon the rod or bar shall
bring the shifting carriage exactly to place, the blocks passing down upon opposite
sides of the rod or bar as above explained.
Heretofore these blocks have been made quite short, and have been supported by
arms extending inward from a rod or shaft carrying the front pullies, but under the
present plan of construction the shaft is omitted and short studs or stems substituted;
as before mentioned, the blocks being secured to the front bar of the shifting carriage.
This arrangement makes the blocks rigid and ensures accuracy and certainty of
adjustment of the shifting carriage, and completely obviates the liability of cramping
or winding of the blocks or their getting out of alignment.
For some classes of work it is desirable to have the shifting frame held in such
position that only capital letters shall print, unless the frame be manually shifted and
held to print a small letter or letters, but ordinarily it is desirable to have the shifting
frame occupy such position as will cause the small letters to print except when the
frame is manually shifted and held in position for the printing of capitals: Hereto-
fore a spring connected with the shifting bar or rod by means of a swinging yoke or
equivalent device, has been employed to hold the shifting rod, and the main travelling
frame in the desired position, the yoke serving to throw the spring to one or the
other. side of the pivotal axis of the levers which carry the shifting rod or bar, thereby
causing said spring to hold the shifting rod or bar and the shifting frame in either
of the two positions mentioned.
The present construction embodies the same general idea, but materially improves
the action of the yoke or shifter and obviates the rapid wear. or cutting away of
certain parts incident.to.the former plan.
In the improved construction, one of the elbow levers has its horizontal or lateral
extension in front of its axis or of the supporting shaft, while the other has its
horizontal or lateral arm in rear of the axis of said shaft, both levers being weighted
in rear of said shaft to counterbalance the weight of the rock shaft, so that the shifting
rod or bar, may in itself be as. nearly as practicable in a state of equilibrium.or devoid
of tendency to fall either forward or backward.
From the lateral or rearwardly extending arm of the elbow lever at one side of the
machine, preferably the left, a link or draw rod passes down to and is connected: with

page_text: a finger key or lever No. 1 and from the forwardly extending arm of the other
elbow lever a similar link or draw-rod passes to and connects with a finger key or
lever No. 2.
By depressing the finger key No. 1, the shifting rod or bar, and consequently the
shifting platen frame, inay be thrown from a forward to a backward position, if not
already so adjusted, and similarly, if in its rearward adjustment it may be moved
forward by depressing the key or lever No. 2.
A rocking lever is provided attached to the side of one of the elbow lovers by a
pivot screw, in line with the axis of the rockshaft and shifting rod or bar..
The lever, which may be conveniently cut from sheet or plate steel or iron, is slotted
to permit the passage through it of a stop screw, by which the throw of the lever is
limited, the play being sufficient to carry its upper arm to opposite sides of a line
passing through the axes of the pivot aforesaid and rock-shaft.
Connected with this upper arm of the lever is a coiled spring, the lower end of
which is engaged in one or another notch of an upright post or stem secured to
the main frame, just above the level of the key board. By hooking the spring into
one or another notch of the post, its tension may be varied as desired.
If it be desired to hold the shifting frame forward, as is required for printing small
letters under the usual arrangement of the characters upon the type levers, the
handle of the rocking lever is depressed, bringing said lever to an angle of about
45 degrees, and causing the spring to act in a plane forward of the axis of the
rock shaft, thereby throwing the shifting bar and supplemental frame forward and
retaining them in such position.
When so adjusted the shifting rod and said frame may be thrown back without
disturbing the rocking lever, by merely depressing the key lever No. 1.
If desired to adjust the shifting frame and its platen to print capitals the rocking
lever is raised, and the spring is thereby caused to act in rear of the rock-shaft,
and the shifting rod and platen frame are carried back, but may be moved forward
when necessary by depressing the key lever No. 2.
The rocking lever works smoothly and easily, and is convenient to the operator,
its handle extending outward just in front of the upright portion of the main
frame.
The throw of the shifting rod or bar is controlled and limited by slotted plates
clamped upon the platform or top of the main frame by clamping screws, the plates
being arranged one within a slot in the other, whereby each is kept from shifting
laterally.
A graduated plate or scale secured to the fixed guide rod is provided, corre-
sponding as to its graduation, with the scale plate of the shifting platen-frame,
except that it is numbered from right to left, this scale being the same as that
heretofore applied to the front edge of the bed or top of the main frame and for
the same purpose; the pointer being attached to the front bar of the carriage,
essentially as heretofore.
The front bar of the carriage is provided with a vertical slot, to receive the
upwardly extending guide block of an adjustable bar, to which are attached two
pendent stop blocks No. 1 & No. 2 separated one from another a suitable distance;
or one fixed and the other adjustable upon the bar, as preferred.
The purpose of the two blocks is to enable the operator to instantly change the
limit of travel of the carriage, which is done by throwing up or down the stop
block No. 1 which block when down engages with a fixed stop projecting from the
guide rod or bar, but when thrown up passes above the stop and permits the second
block No. 2 to coine into contact with the fixed stop.
This arrangement is very convenient where extracts or quotations are to be
introduced, the shortening of the lines serving to distinguish one class of matter
from another.
It is also of considerable advantage in tabulating, and like work, where part of
the matter is required to be at one side of a given line; and part at the other side.

page_text: The bar which carries the stop blocks No. 1 and No. 2 is clamped at any desired
point upon the front bar of the travelling carriage, by means of a clamping screw,
the head or shoulder of which bears upon the top of the carriage frame, and the
stem of which enters a threaded hole in the block of the adjustable bar, aforesaid,
and draws said bar firmly against the lower face of the frame.
A short scale plate corresponding to one end of scale plate aforesaid is attached
to the front of the travelling carriage, and enables the operator to determine the
precise points in the travel of the carriage at which the stop blocks Nos. 1 and 2
shall come into contact with the fixed stop, the end of the adjustable bar being
used as an indicator or reading point in connection with the short scale aforesaid.
A pendulous hammer is provided, the rod or stem of which is carried somewhat
above the suspending pivot, and stands directly in the path of the stop blocks Nos. 1
and 2, so that as the carriage advances, the block which is set for operation, strikes
the upper arm of the stem, carries it forward, and thus raises the hammer, and
finally rides off the upper arm and allows the hammer to fall and strike a bell, which
is secured to the main frame.
By making one stop block No. 1 adjustable relatively to the other No. 2, in the
same manner that the bar is adjusted, the difference in travel of the carriage
occasioned by the use of one or the other block may be varied at will, but this
adjustment is not ordinarly needed.
In order to vary the "indentation" of the printed lines, that is, the distance from
the edge of the sheet at which the line shall begin, an adjustable ring or collar is
placed upon the hinge-rod by which the carriage is supported, said collar being the
same to all intents as that heretofore employed. It is also furnished with a set
screw, which is, however, pointed instead of blunt, as formerly, in order that it may
readily enter one or another of a series of conical holes or recesses formed in the
rod at regular intervals, corresponding to a certain number of spaces of the scales
aforesaid, preferably five spaces. By numbering these cavities or a portion of them,
the operator may instantly determine the proper adjustment of the collar, and
quickly secure it at the precise point desired, the entrance of the pointed screw into
the conical sockets drawing the collar accurately to place.
Heretofore the cavities have not been provided, and consequently the nice
adjustment of the collar to a given point has been difficult.
To facilitate the raising and lowering of the main travelling carriage, it is furnished
at its front with a thumb piece, which is located at such point between the ends of
the carriage that the weight shall be equal on opposite sides of the thumb piece,
thereby overcoming the tendency to twist, as very wide carriages are liable to do
when lifted from one corner, as is commonly done when the thumb piece is not
furnished. It also enables the operator to hold the carriage firmly, and obviates
the not unfrequent dropping thereof due to the falling back of the platen frame
when the carriage is quickly lifted.
Two shafts (hereinafter known as No. 1 and No. 2) are provided each with a
longitudinal groove, and mounted in hangers of the main frame, a short distance
below the top plate or table of the frame.
Mounted upon each of said shafts is a ribbon spool consisting of a cylindrical body
and two heads or disks of sheet metal, stamped or cut with a central eye to receive
the shaft and with an inwardly extending tongue to enter the groove thereof, so that
the spools may freely slide upon but may not turn independently of their shafts.
Shaft No. 1 carries at its rear end a bevel pinion (hereinafter known as No. 1) and
shaft No. 2 carries at its rear end a like pinion (hereinafter known as No. 2).
Carried by hangers in rear of but in the same horizontal plane with the shafts No. 1
and No. 2, is a shaft No. 3 extending parallel with the line of travel of the carriage,
or at right angles to the shafts Nos. 1 and 2.
The shaft No. 3 carries two small bevel pinions (hereinafter known as No. 3
and No. 4) which are fixed thereon; one pinion No. 3 being just outside of the
pinion No. 1 aforesaid, and pinión No. 4 just outside of pinion No. 2, but at such

page_text: distanco apart that when pinion No. 3 is in mesh with pinion No. 1, pinion No. 4
cannot be in mesh with pinion No. 2, and vice versa.
The shaft No. 3 is longitudinally adjustable, so that the engagement of the pinion
may be effected and destroyed in whichever order desired.
Three circumferential grooves are formed in shaft No. 3, and a vertically sliding
plate slotted to straddle the shaft and enter one or another of said grooves, is applied
to the main frame for the purpose of holding the shaft in position to ensure the
meshing of pinion No. or pinion No. 4 with the companion pinion No. 1 or No. 2
aforesaid, or in an intermediate position.
The ribbon is wound in reverse directions upon the two spools, and consequently if
either be turned in proper direction to wind the ribbon thereon, the other spool being
free to turn, will pay off the ribbon to supply the one being driven or positively
turned.
Shaft No. 3 is formed with a longitudinal groove, and is encircled by a bevel
pinion (hereinafter known as No. 5) which is held against movement in the line of its
axis by two fixed arms, between which it is placed. The pinion No. 5 is furnished
with a tongue which enters the aforesaid groove of shaft No. 3 and causes the shaft to
turn with the pinion, though free to slide through the latter.
A small crank or handle is secured upon the shaft No. 3 by which to turn it
manually when desired.
Motion is given to the pinion No: 5 always in the same direction, by a pinion No. 6
which is mounted loosely upon a sleeve or collar of a cam-shaped drum or barrel, to
the inside of which barrel is attached one end of a spiral spring, the other end of said
spring being made fast to a sleeve, encircling the shaft No. 2.
The pinion No. 6 is formed with circumferential ratchet teeth with which engages a
spring pressed dog or pawl, carried by the drum or barrel, said dog riding freely over
the teeth while the barrel is turned backward, but engaging therewith and rotating
the pinion when the barrel turns forward.
The backward rotation of the pinion and ratchet No. 5 is prevented by a gravitating
dog or detent, dropped from above into a hole drilled vertically through the hanger
on which the arms are formed said dog engaging with the circumferential ratchet
teeth of the pinion No. 5.
To prevent the dog from falling out when the pinion is removed, it is headed, the
upper end of the hole being enlarged to receive the head, and to prevent escape of the
dog through the top of the hole, a small plug is screwed in above it. A spring may
be inserted between the dog or detent and the plug, but this is not deemed necessary
ordinarily.
The sleeve or tubular shaft has screwed upon its end a ratchet wheel or disk, the
thread being in such direction (to the right), that a spring tends to screw the sleeve
into it, thereby preventing its accidental detachment.
The disc is turned backward to coil the spring and put it under proper tension, as
usual, and is held against backward rotation by a double acting dog, similar to the
anchor of an "anchor escapement, this device serving when rocked manually to
permit a step by step backward rotation of the ratchet disk, and consequently enabling
the operator to lessen the tension of the spring gradually and without danger of
sudden unwinding.
The purpose of so mounting the ribbon spools upon their shafts No. 1 and 2 that
they may be moved longitudinally thereon is to present fresh portions of the ink
ribbon to the type the continued striking of the type in one place or along one line,
exhausting the supply of carbonaceous matter or ink contained in the ribbon at said
point or along said line.
To ensure the proper lateral adjustment of the ribbon, and to prevent undue sagging
thereof, the spools being shifted independently by hand, ribbon guides are provided,
each consisting of a wire bent into the form of a yoke, with two parallel sides or
branches and a connecting end piece, the latter a little longer than the width of the
ribbon.

page_text: The closed ends of the yokes extend horizontally toward each other, over the opening
in the top or table of the main frame through which the type rise, and their free or
disconnected ends are bent downward at a right angle to the main portion, the two
branches of each yoke or guide extending down at opposite ends of one or the other of
the spools, and their extremities being bent to give a small bearing point for the heads
of the spools to act upon when being moved.
The vertical arms of each yoke or guide are clamped in recesses or notches in the
edge of a sliding plate, which is slotted, and held in place on the lower face of the top
plate or table of the machine by means of screws, passing through the slots of the
sliding plate and screwing into the table or top plate from below.
The sliding plate serves to maintain a proper relation of the arm or branches of the
yokes or guides, and to support and give stiffness to said guides.
The vertical arms of the guides, and the ink ribbon pass through elongated openings
in the top plate or table of the main frame, the sliding plates extending slightly past
the edges of the openings and the ribbon drawing over the projecting edges of the
ribs hereafter described.
These raised ribs are cast upon the top plate or table of the main frame, over which
the ribbon passes and upon which the yokes or ribbon guides rest.
These ribs are formed with a series of notches in their upper face or edge, and the
yokes or guides are made elastic, and of such form and proportions that they draw
down upon the ribs and seat themselves in the notches and prevent the two free
shifting of the guides.
The notches also enable the operator to adjust the two guides with accuracy and
certainty, thus ensuring the straight travel of the ribbon from one spool to the other,
and consequently avoiding any tendency to crease or bag the ribbon.
The ribbon passes over the end bar of each yoke or guide, and is thereby held up
near the point at which the type strike.
For the purpose of holding envelopes, cards and other bodies too short to reach
from one band to the other what is commonly termed an "envelope holder" is
provided.
This consists of a spring arm or plate attached at its upper end to a supporting
arm curved to conform to the curvature of the roll or platen, and furnished at its free
end with a roller which serves to press and hold the envelope, card, or other article
against the face of the platen, in position to be printed.
It is often desirable to adjust the holder toward one or the other end of the roller,
hence a clamping device is employed for fastening the supporting arm to the front
bar of the shifting carriage.
The lower end of the arm is formed with a notch or groove to fit the rounded edge
of the bar, against which the arm is drawn by a lever or clip pivotally attached to
said arm and urged at its lower end toward it, or against the front edge of the bar by
a set screw passing through threaded holes in the clip, above the pivot of the latter,
and bearing against the arm.
The clip is provided with a series of grooves similar to that of the arm and for a
like purpose, the series of grooves permitting however, an adjustment of the arm
about its point of bearing upon the rear edge of the bar as a centre, and the clamping
of said arin at any desired angle.
By thus varying the angle of inclination of the arm, the distance of the roller
from the face of roller or platen may be varied to suit the thickness of different bodies
to be printed upon.
For the purpose of varying or adjusting the pressure of the roller against the
platen or against the envelope, card, or other body to be printed upon, a regulating
screw is passed through a threaded hole in the arm and arranged to bear against a
plate near its point of attachment to the arm. By turning this screw the plate may
be urged more or less toward the platen or roll.
The construction and arrangement of the key levers, and the links connecting them
**with the type bars, will be explained.

page_text: A key lever is provided as usual with a finger button at its free end which button
is marked to indicate what type or letter is actuated by the key, there being a series
of such levers arranged side by side.
Each lever consists of a thin and light strip of wood or metal set with its greatest
width in a vertical plane, the forward ends of the several levers being extended
upward or downward as required to bring their finger buttons to different levels,
as indicated.
At their rear ends the key levers are all of uniform size and shape, each sloping
downward from the top toward the rear extremity, and being formed with a semi-
circular notch to receive or to straddle the lower edge of a rib cast upon the main
frame and extending from side to side thereof at the rear of the machine, and on the
underside of the raised hollow base of said frame.
Each of said levers crosses and rests upon the space bar which is faced on its
under side with leather, cloth, or other material to lessen noise and wear, and each.
lever when at rest bears at its upper side against a similarly faced or fashioned bar
which limits their ascent.
The lateral play of the levers is limited and they are kept in proper relative
positions at their forward ends by means of wires or pins, extending downward
from the bar and passing between the levers, the thickness of the pins determining
the extent of their separation at their forward ends.
Whenever a letter key or the space bar is depressed, the bar is carried downward
away from the remaining key levers, and it is therefore necessary to provide means
for holding up each key lever independently of the bar.
For this purpose a series of flat springs is provided, which are bifurcated at their
forward ends and bent upward and forward at their rear ends.
The forked end of each spring straddles the shank or stem and passes beneath the
head of a pin or screw driven into the top of the key lever to which the spring is
applied and the forwardly bent rear end is clamped between the under side of the
raised base of the main frame and a comb plate, which later is drawn against said
springs with more or less force, by means of bolts or screws.
The angle of the spring, formed by bending its rear end forward, is seated in the
angle of a recess formed in the base of the frame to receive the springs and the comb
plate, and thus the springs are held against backward movement, and the comb-plate
prevents forward movement, hence they are kept exactly in position.
By tightening or loosening the screws or bolts the lifting force or effect of the
springs may be increased or diminished as desired, and thus the action of the key
levers made stiffer or easier at will.
As the key levers extend to different distances from their fulcrums, it is advisable
to make the springs of different lengths, to compensate in a measure for the difference
in leverage, and thereby render the action of all as nearly uniform as possible.
This result is further ensured by connecting the type bars with the key levers at
different distances from the fulcrum of the latter.
The comb-plate is furnished with thin flat pins or reeds which extend downward
between the key levers, in the same manner as the pins aforesaid, but owing to their
being quite thin the levers are permitted to stand closer together at their rear ends
than at their front ends. In this way the desired spread of the levers is secured and
maintained.
Key levers Nos. 1 and 2 aforesaid by which the carriage is shifted from lower to
upper case, or from upper to lower case letters, as the case may be, are cut away
above the bar, so that they may be depressed without depressing the bar, and
consequently without actuating the letter spacing mechanism.
Being thus unsustained by the bar, it is desirable to provide some support other
than the lifting spring, and a clip is therefore secured to each of the levers of the
space bar or key near their rear ends, consisting of a piece of metal bent through its
middle to form a vertical and a horizontal leaf, the former for attachment to the levers,
and the latter to extend beneath the levers No. 1 and 2.

page_text: The key levers, the levers Nos. 1 and 2, and the levers of the spacing bar are each
furnished with a metal strap or stirrup, passing beneath the key lever, and upward
on each side thereof, and terminating above the lever in perforate ears, between which
ears is placed the perforated lower end of a drawpiece or stem, which piece is curved
laterally at its upper end, and formed with a tubular or perforated boss or block.
Through the tubular boss is passed the threaded end of a wire or rod, which is
furnished both above and below the boss with nuts by which its exact adjustment
relatively to the draw piece may be determined and maintained.
The upper end of each wire or rod is furnished with a hook, to pass through an eye
in the short arm of one of the type bars or levers.
Heretofore it has been customary to merely bend over the end of the wire or rod
to form this hook, but in order to give thickness for a good screw thread, the rod is
now made heavier than formerly, and its upper end is drilled longitudinally to
receive the shank of the hook which is now made of a separate piece of wire of proper
size, and is retained in the main rod or wire by indenting the sides of the drilled
portion and forcing them into the sides of the shank of the hook.
The hook is so bent as to cause it to draw directly in line with the axis of
the rod.
The outward curvature of the draw-pieces causes the rods to more effectually clear
the type bars and the basket or guard against and within which they fall, said basket
consisting of an elliptical frame of wire, preferably made of two wires one above
another, faced on the inside with a leather band stitched to a backing of felt, listing
or the like, which admits of being readily stitched to the wire frame, thus facilitating
the application of the leather facing to the basket.
Wires serve to sustain the basket in position.
The bar which bears the pins aforesaid is furnished on its lower face with a cushion
of rubber, felt, or other material to deaden the sound occasioned by the upstroke of
the key levers, and for the purpose of limiting the depression of the space bar or
key, it is furnished at or near each end with a hook shaped hanger, each bearing a
cushion of rubber or other suitable substance, to form a stop for the levers which
carry said key.
A strap or band connects the travelling carriage and the spring barrel or
drum, as usual, the band winding upon the exterior of the drum as the carriages
advances.
To facilitate attachment and detachment of the band to and from the carriage,
a T-shaped clip is preferably secured to the carriage and the end of the band slitted
to pass over the same.
Dated this 15th day of May 1888
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: A communication from abroad by THE STANDARD TYPE WRITER MANUFACTURING Co.,
organised under the Laws of the State of New York, U.S.A.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign Patent
Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in the
County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of type-writing machines in which a series of
type-bars or levers, each bearing two type or printing characters, is arranged in a
circular series. and caused to strike at one or the other of two points, the paper
sustaining roll or platen being shifted to receive the blow of one or the other of the
type, as required.
The invention relates to the various parts of the machine, and is designed to improve
the action of its various parts, with a view to rendering its work more exact, to lessen
the play and wear of parts, to decrease the power required to operate the machine,
to facilitate adjustment, renewal or repair of parts, and generally to perfect those
parts which have in practical use of the machine been found susceptible of
improvement.
Referring to the accompanying drawings :-
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a machine embodying the improvements.
Figure 2 a side elevation of the same partially broken away to show parts hidden
by the main frame.
Figures 3 to 26 inclusive detail views of various parts hereinafter explained.
A, indicates the main frame of the machine, which is of usual form, and B, B', the
travelling carriage which is movable as a whole from side to side upon the frame A,
and the roller frame or part B' of which is capable of being shifted backward and
forward upon the main carriage B, to bring the roller or platen Cover one
or the other of the two printing characters, with which each type-bar is furnished.'
The carriage B is guided in its travel back and forth, by two rods or bars D and E,
Figures 1, 2 and 3, the former secured rigidly to posts or standards rising from the
top of frame A at or near its front, and the latter being tapped at its ends to
receive screws a, which serve as journals for said rod, the screws passing through
and their heads being seated in holes formed through uprights bat or near the rear
side of the frame A.
The bar E being thus supported is free to rock or turn, and forms a hinge rod for
the entire carriage, permitting the latter to be raised to or thrown slightly back of a
vertical position to expose to view the line being printed.
The said bar E is of D-form in cross section, as shown in Figure 3, one face being
planed off or otherwise removed from a previously cylindrical rod, so as to form a

page_text: flat bearing face to receive a supporting roller c, by which the rear side of the main
carriage B is sustained while in working position.
The said roller c, is carried in a yoke or small open frame cast integral with the
rear bar of the carriage frame B, as seen in Figure 1, and consequently tips with the
carriage frame as the latter is raised or lowered, and being maintained always
in contact with rod or bar E, it will be seen that said rod must turn in
unison with the frame, which is the reason for arranging it to rock or turn in its
supports.
As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 the rear bar of the frame B is furnished with two
Terforated lugs or ears d, which are tapped to receive tubular bushings e, preferably
of brass or other alloy or metal, which sliding upon the bar E will give but little
friction, and wear but slightly.
The bushings e are of a length sufficient to reach through and project some distance
beyond the ears d, the projecting portions forming pivots or hinge pins for a tipping
frame G, carrying feed dogs H and I, which alternately engage with a vibrating
rack bar J, and thus bring about the step by step advance of the carriage,
the rack bar being actuated through the depression of the finger keys, as hereinafter
explained.
The front guide bar D is bevelled or reduced in width at its upper edge, and the
front bar of carriage frame B is furnished with two supporting and guiding rollers f
which are V-grooved to cause them to fit and and travel upon the bar D without
any play in the direction of their axes.
Owing to this arrangement the main carriage B is prevented from moving toward
or from the front of the machine, and the rear side of the carriage frame being
held at just the proper distance from the rear supporting rod or bar E by the
roller C, it follows that if the bushings e are once adjusted to encircle without actually
bearing upon rod D, they will continue thus out of contact so long as the guiding
rollers rest upon the bar D, but when the rollers are lifted from said bar, as in
throwing up the carriage, the bushings will bear upon said rod, and the frame and
rod will move together.
By thus relieving the hinge rod E of the duty of guiding the carriage and of all
wear except that due to the flat faced roller c resting upon its upper face, the thrust
of the shifting supplemental carriage B' is taken off the hinge rod, and the tendency
to interfere with the nice adjustment and action of the spacing devices is overcome.
The hinge rod instead of being worn at short intervals corresponding with the toeth
of the rack bar, remains smooth and its pivots unworn, and the movements of the
carriage continue free and certain.
Heretofore the step by step advance of the carriage has been effected by means of
two dogs, one rigid and the other yielding, carried by a vibrating or oscillating lever
or shaft, such as the shaft L Figures 3 and 4, which is connected with a cross bar
such as the bar P, extending across the machine beneath the key levers, said dogs
being arranged to enter alternately into engagement with a rack similar to rack J,
attached to and movable with the carriage. Under the present plan this arrangement
is reversed, the dogs H¹ being attached to and movable with the carriage B, and the
rack J being carried by the rock shaft or rod L. This change together with certain
modifications of the dogs, greatly improves the spacing mechanisin, and renders the
carriage capable of being drawn back to the starting point without separating the
dogs and rack bar, and yet without injury to either.
Referring to Figures 1 to 7 inclusive, the construction and arrangement of the
spacing devices will now be explained.
J indicates the rack bar, which is formed with a series of equidistant teeth along
its upper edge, and is carried by the upright arms of two levers K, which are made
fast upon a common rock shaft or rod L, carried at its end upon taper pivots g,
(Figure 2) secured to lugs cast upon frame A.
The pivots occasion but little friction and afford ready means of adjustment to
compensate for wear, it being important to avoid any play of the rod or shaft upon
its pivots other than the simple rocking action.

page_text: The horizontal arms of the elbow levers K are each provided with a stud at or near
the outer end, upon which is hung a link or wire rod M, cach rod extending down-
ward to near the lower line of frame A, and threaded at the lower end to receive a
nut h, by which to retain upon the rods or links a cross bar N, through which the
rods pass, as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
The bar N, passes beneath all the key levers O and under the lovers P which carry
the spacing bar or finger piece Q for spacing between words, and is consequently
depressed whenever any key or the space bar is pressed down. It is held against
moving toward the front or rear of the machine by means of pins i projecting down-
ward from the levers P of space bar Q, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The pivoted frame G which carries the spacing dogs H and I, as above mentioned,
is limited as to its descent by engagement with the main carriage B and has a
recessed vertical face, as seen in Figures 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7, extending directly over
and at right angles to the rack bar J, the side walls of the recess being
perforated to receive a pin k, which serves as a pivot for a block R, by which block
the dogs H and I are carried, the dog H being pivotally and the dog I rigidly
attached to said block.
The face or wall of the recess in which the block R is pivoted, and the face of
the block itself immediately in rear of the pivoted dog H, are both cut away as in
Figure 7, so as to leave only a narrow edge or surface 1, to form a bearing against
which the block and the dog shall respectively bear, and by which their backward
movements shall be limited.
The purpose of thus cutting away the stop faces is to reduce to a minimum the
surface upon which dust might lodge, it being apparent that any matter lodging
between the dog and block, or between the block and frame G would lessen their
movement and thereby lessen the advance of the carriage B.
The pivot of block R is considerably back of its medial line, so that the block
naturally swings by its own gravity into contact with the bearing face of the
frame G.
The dog H is likewise pivoted at or near its upper end, to block R, but its lower
end is urged away from its stop face 7 by a light but highly elastic spring m,
interposed between its rear face and the face of the block, a spring being necessary
in order to give a quickness of action that is unattainable by gravity.
The play of the pivoted dog H is regulated by a screw n, Figures 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7
passing through a hole or slot in the dog and through the block R, its rear end
being furnished with a jam nut as shown in Figure 5. Beneath the head of this
screw is placed a washer o against which the dog H bears when thrown forward,
said washer being made of leather, rubber or other material adapted to lessen noise or
wear of the parts. By turning the screw in or out the play of the dog may be
regulated as desired.
Rack bar J is thrown, and normally held back to the limit of its vibration, and
in line with yielding dog H, by means of a spring S, Figures 3 and 4, which is
preferably made in the form of a spiral coil and one end of which is caused to engage
with or is attached to the main frame A or other fixed part of the machine, while
the other end is attached to a collar T encircling the rod L aforesaid, and adjustable
about said rod by means of a thumb screw U, turning loosely in the collar and
engaging with worn teeth p, cut in or upon the rod L, as shown in Figure 3.
By turning the serew to the right or left the collar may be turned about the rod
and the tension of the spring varied as desired.
The above arrangement of Spring S and adjustable tension device U Tp is equally
applicable to the rock shaft or rod L, whether the latter is employed to carry the
rack bar J into or out of engagement with the dogs H and I, or whether it is
employed, as herein before set forth, to carry the dogs into and out of engagement
with the rack bar, the one arrangement being the reverse of the other.
The carriage being drawn forward by a spring as usual, it follows that whenever
a key lever or the space bar is depressed, the rack bar J is thrown forward out of the
path of yielding dog H, which instantly springs forward the distance of one tooth,

page_text: at which point it is stopped by the regulating screw n, the force of the carriage
advancing spring serving to overcome the light spring m and consequently holding
the dog H in alignment with dog I so long as the rack is in its normal position and
the dog His in engagement therewith. It therefore follows that as the rack is
thrown forward into the path of the rigid dog 1, said dog engages with the tooth
of the rack just passing out of engagement with the pivoted dog H, and thereby
prevents the carriage from moving forward; but as the pressure is removed from
the key lever or space bar the rack swings back out of engagement with rigid dog I
and its next tooth engages with pivoted dog H. The propelling spring of the
carriage then overcoming the slight resistance of spring m, advances the carriage
until the block R bears against the rear face of dog H, and the two dogs are thus
again brought into alignment, the advance being the distance from one tooth of the
rack, to another, as usual.
The movement of pivoted dog H about its pivot in block R is not and cannot
conveniently be made sufficient to permit the dog to rise clear of the rack J when
moving the carriage back to the starting point, hence the necessity of the pivoted
block R, which by yielding, adds sufficiently to the movement of dog H to enable
it to ride freely over the rack teeth.
In order, however, to enable the operator to lift the dogs entirely clear of the rack
bar J and thus to avoid even the slight wear that might result from drawing back
the carriage and permitting the dog H to drag over the teeth of the rack bar,
a tipping dog frame G with a lever V, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 6 is provided which
extends forward toward the front of the machine, and is bent upward within easy
reach of the operator, preferably at the left hand of the platen or roller C.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, and Figures 11 to 21, inclusive. The details
of the combined carriage B, B₁ and the controlling devices thereof will be
explained.
As already mentioned the main carriage B is drawn forward by a spring, and is
moved back by hand for the commencement of a new line, and the supplemental
carriage B' is made to shift toward and from the front of the machine to bring the
paper over the capitals or the small letters of the type bars.
To permit this shifting to be readily effected and with slight expenditure of force,
the main carriage I is provided at each end with two rollers 7, 7, upon which rest
flanges of the supplemental frame or roller B', as shown in Figures 2 and 19, other
flanges along the lower side of the end bars of frame B' engaging beneath the end
bars of the main frame B and thereby preventing the former from being lifted or
from falling off the latter, as it might otherwise do in shifting the supplemental
frame Bor in tipping up the carriage.
The frame of the main carriage B being cast in one piece, it is necessary to apply
the end bars of supplemental frame B₁ thereto before said end bars are finally
joined together by the front bars and platen or roll shaft t, which with the end bars r
make up the supplemental frame B'.
C indicates the platen or paper-sustaining roll which is mounted upon the platen
shaft or rod t, and is free to turn thereon or therewith as said shaft is fixed or left free
to turn, the former plan being ordinarily adopted.
The paper to be printed upon passes over a roller or cylinder w in rear of the
platen C, Figures 1 and 18, thence beneath the platen and upward in front of the
same, falling back over the same, as usual; and to keep the paper smooth and ensure
its even and uniform feeding throughout its width, bands or belts preferably of
rubber, are carried about grooved pulleys at the ends of roll w, thence beneath the
platen C and finally about grooved pulleys r in front of platen C, the upper portion
of the belt bearing against the paper and pressing it against the platen.
Prior to this invention the front pulleys v were mounted upon a rod or shaft
extending from one end bar of the shifting supplemental frame B' to the other, a
construction which necessitated the detachment of the rod before a worn or broken
band could be reuewed. This necessity is obviated by mounting the pulleys v upon
short stems, projecting toward each other from the opposite end bars r of the

page_text: frame B as shown in Figures 1, 11 and 19. The side play of the pulleys is very
slight owing to the fact that the belts or bands u which pass about them, pass also
about the rear pulleys e, which have no side play, hence there is no liability of the
front pulleys becoming dismounted, yet when necessary the bands may be readily
slipped off the pulleys and over the ends of the stems a.
The journals of roll w are carried in hooks or hook-shaped hangers y, pivotally
attached to the end bars 7 of shifting frame B' as shown in Figures 1, 11 and 14,
and hence said roll may be readily removed, as heretofore, and thus the ready and
complete removal and replacement of the bands u are permitted.
The lower leaves of the bands are shielded by thin metal guards a projecting from
the supporting ends a' of scale plate W, and having upturned leaves which prevent
removal of the front pulleys from their studs a, the arms a' being carried by the
stems, Figures 1, 17, 18 and 19.
W indicates the scale plate of the platen, which is divided into spaces corresponding
with the spacing of the teeth of rack bar J, and numbered from zero at the left to 70
at the right, in the present instance, though the rack bars and carriages are made
of different lengths in different machines, and the scales are of course made to
correspond.
Heretofore the scale W has been of such shape that its ends and their supporting
arms a have been required to occupy a position between the upper and lower
leaves of the bands u, thus rendering the application and removal of the bands
difficult.
In the present machine the ends of the scale are twisted or bent as shown in
Figures 16, 17 and 18, so that their flat faces stand at an angle of from 30 degrees
to 45 degrees relatively to the face of the scale, the body of which is made of V-shape
in cross section, one leaf extending upward from the arms a' nearly to the face of the
platen or roll C, and the other following from that point more or less closely tho
face of the platen, as indicated in Figure 18.
By giving the scale this peculiar form it is adapted to pass wholly beneath
the bands u, which may therefore be applied or removed with far greater ease than
heretofore, though the graduated edge of the scale occupies its usual position in very
close proximity to the face of the platen.
The upper, backwardly-turned leaf of the scale serves to support the paper and
assists the bands in directing it beneath and around the platen.
The paper being held by the bands u closely against the platen C, which is ordinarily
faced with rubber, is advanced after the completion of a line, by a short partial
rotation of the platen or roll C, which is effected by a hand lever X, pivoted upon one
of the stems of the shifting supplemental carriage B', as shown in Figures 1, 2
and 14, and carrying a dog 6, which engages with the teeth of a ratchet wheel Y,
secured upon the end of the platen roll C.
It is desirable to be able to vary the line spacing for different kinds of work, in
some cases placing them very close together, in others, giving them about the spacing
of ordinary legal cap paper, and again placing them still further apart.
To provide for such variation and ensure precisely the spacing desired, a stop
plate Z is employed, Figures 1 and 14, having three shoulders, c', ', and e¹, and
pivoted at one end to the horizontal top face of shifting frame B₁ in position to
engage and limit the motion of a stud or pin fl projecting from the side of the hand
lever X, above the pivot of said lever, as shown in Figure 14.
The form of the lever is also shown in said Figure and in Figure 2, upon referring
to which Figures it will be seen to consist of an upright portion rising directly from
the pivot, then bending forward and downward to form a stop arm g₁, which as the
lever is thrown forward by means of its forwardly and downwardly extending tail or
hand piece, is brought into contact with the ratchet wheel Y, and thereby prevented
from going further forward. Riveted or otherwise secured to the rear face of the upright
stem or portion of the hand lever X, is a spring, which, bearing against a pin or
stud of the shifting frame B', tends to throw the lever and its stop arm gl away
from the ratchet wheel Y, and consequently to carry the dog 1 back over the teeth

page_text: of said wheel, to prevent its engagement with a fresh tooth preparatory to another
forward movement to turn the roll or platen.
If only a narrow space is desired between the lines, the stop plate Z is moved to
such position that its shoulder e¹, the one nearest its pivot and nearest roll C, shall
stand in the path of pin f; if a wider space is desired the plate is swung out far
enough to remove shoulder e¹ from, and to bring shoulder d' into, the path of the
said pin, or if still wider spacing be desired, the plate is swung still further aside,
carrying shoulder d' out of, and bringing shoulder c¹ into the path of the pin f¹.
To prevent the plate Z from moving beyond the distance necessary to give the
adjustments thus stated, a slot is made in it, to receive a pin or stud ¹, projecting
from the top of shifting frame B₁; and to retain the stop plate at the precise
adjustment desired it is made thin and elastic, so that it may spring slightly up from
frame B¹, and is furnished with three notches or recesses l' m', and n³, (Figure 15)
corresponding to the shoulder c, d, e, so that as the plate is moved to one or another
position, one or another of the notches or recesses shall come directly over a rounded
or bevelled stud, rising from frame B', the two entering into engagement and thereby
holding the plate against accidental movement.
Obviously, the arrangement may be reversed, the notches or recesses 'being made
in frame B, and the projection upon the lower face of spring plate Z.
A suitable knob or button is furnished, by which to move the plate Z from one
position to another.
The dog 6' is formed with a thumb piece or extension 62 in rear of its pivot, by
which it may be lifted out of engagement with the ratchet wheel if at any time it be
desired to rock the hand lever.X without turning the roll or platen C.
A spring detent p₁ secured to the frame B and bearing upon ratchet wheel Y,
prevents the roll from being carried by momentum beyond the intended distance.
The shifting carriage B is held normally at one or the other extreme of its
movement upon carriage B by reason of engagement with a shifting bar, or rod C¹,
Figures 1, 2 and 19, which is carried by two elbow levers D', secured upon a rock
shaft E carried at its ends by pointed pivots q¹ passing through holes in lugs of
frame A, and secured by set screws below the top or platform of the latter.
The upright arms of the levers D₁ pass through holes or slots in the top plate of
the main frame A, and the rock-shaft E is curved to pass outsido and clear of the
type levers F, which latter are elbow levers, grouped about a circular opening in
the table or top of the machine, through which they rise and fall as usual.
Rivetted or otherwise firmly secured to the under face of the front bar s of shifting
frame B are four bevelled blocks G, Figures 2, and 13 and 20, arranged in pairs,
with just enough space between the blocks of each pair to receive the shifting rod
or bar C, the inner or opposing faces of the blocks being perpendicular and parallel
down to a point somewhat below the axis of rod or bar C, and bevelled from said
faces downward and outward.
The inclined faces are sufficiently extended to ensure the bearing of one or the
other upon the shifting rod or bar C, so that if the carriage frame be turned up, the
inclined faces bearing upon the rod or bar C shall bring the shifting carriage exactly
to place, the blocks G¹ passing down upon opposite sides of the rod or bar (as above
explained.
Heretofore these blocks have been made quite short, and have been supported by
arms extending inward from a rod or shaft carrying the front pulleys v, but under
the present plan of construction the shaft is omitted and short studs or stems
substituted, as before mentioned, the blocks being secured to the front bar s of the
shifting carriage B¹.
This arrangement makes the blocks rigid, and ensures accuracy and certainty of
adjustment of the shifting carriage, and completely obviates the liability of cramping
or binding of the blocks or their getting out of alignment.
For some classes of work it is desirable to have the shifting frame B¹ held in such
position that only capital letters shall print; unless the frame be manually shifted and
held to print a small letter or letters, but ordinarily it is desirable to have the shifting

page_text: frame occupy such position as will cause the small letters to print except when the
frame is manually shifted and held in position for the printing of capitals. Heretofore
a spring connected with the shifting bar or rod C by means of a swinging yoke or
equivalent device has been employed to hold the shifting rod and frame B₁ in the
desired position, the yoke serving to throw the spring to one or the other side of the
pivotal axis of the levers D¹ which carry the shifting rod or bar C¹, thereby causing
said spring to hold the shifting rod or bar and the shifting frame B¹ in either of the
two positions mentioned.
The present construction embodies the same general idea, but materially improves
the action of the yoke or shifter, and obviates the rapid wear or cutting away of
certain parts incident to the former plan.
In the improved construction illustrated in Figures 2, 19, 20 and 21, it will be seen
that one of the elbow levers D₁ has its horizontal or lateral extension in front of its
axis or of the supporting shaft E, while the other has its horizontal or lateral arm
in rear of the axis of said shaft, both levers being weighted in rear of said shaft to
counterbalance the weight of the rock-shaft E¹, so that the shifting rod or bar C¹
may in itself be, as nearly as practicable, in a state of equilibrium or devoid of
tendency to fall either forward or backward.
From the lateral or rearwardly extending arm of the elbow lover D¹ at one side of
the machine, preferably the left, a link or draw rod passes down to and is connected
with a finger key or lever H¹, Figure 1, and from the forwardly extending arm of
the other lever D¹, a similar link or draw-rod passes to, and connects with, a finger
key or lever, I¹.
By depressing the finger key H', the shifting rod or bar C¹, and consequently the
shifting platen frame, may be thrown from a forward to a backward position, if not
already so adjusted, and similarly, if in its rearward adjustment, it may be moved
forward by depressing lever 1¹.
J', Figure 20, indicates a rocking lever attached to the side of one of the elbow
levers D by a pivot screw y³ in line with the axis of rock-shaft E and shifting rod
or bar C¹. The lever, which may be conveniently cut from sheet or plate steel or iron,
is slotted to permit the passage through it of a stop screw 3, by which the throw
of the lever is limited, the play being sufficient to carry its upper arm a* to opposito
sides of a line passing through the axis of pivot q' and rock-shaft E'.
Connected with this upper arm at of the lever J¹ is a coiled spring K', the lower
end of which is engaged in one or another notch of an upright post or stem L',
Figure 2, secured to the main frame A just above the level of the key board. By
hooking the spring into one or another notch of post L, its tension may be varied as
desired.
If it be desired to hold the shifting frame forward, as is required for printing small
letters under the usual arrangement of the characters upon the type levers, the handle
of the rocking lever J¹ is depressed, bringing said lever to the position shown in
Figures 2 and 20 and causing the spring to act in a plane forward of the axis of
rock-shaft E, thereby throwing shifting bar C₁ and supplemental frame B¹ forward
and retaining them in such position.
When so adjusted, the shifting rod and frame B₁ may be thrown back without
disturbing lever J', by merely depressing key lever H².
If desired to adjust frame B' and its platen C to print capitals, the rocking lever J1
is raised, the spring K is thereby caused to act in rear of rock-shaft E', and the
shifting rod and platen frame B¹ are carried back, but may be moved forward when
necessary, by depressing key lever I¹.
The rocking lever J' works smoothly and easily, and is convenient to the operator,
its handle extending outward just in front of the upright portion of the main frame A,
as shown in Figure 2.
The throw of the shifting rod or bar C¹ is controlled and limited by slotted
plates x, y, clamped upon the platform or top of main frame A by clamping screws,
the plates being arranged one within a slot in the other, as shown in Figure 1,
whereby each is kept from shifting laterally.

page_text: M, Figure 15 indicates a graduated plate or scale secured to the fixed guide rod D,
and corresponding as to its graduation, with the scale plate W of the shifting platen
frame, except that it is numbered from right to left, this scale M¹ being the same as
that heretofore applied to the front edge of the bed or top of the main frame A and
for the same purpose; the pointer N₁ being attached to the front bar of the carriage B,
essentially as heretofore.
As shown in Figure 1, the front bar of carriage B is provided with a vertical slot 21,
to receive the upwardly extending guide block s¹, Figure 15, of an adjustable bar O¹,
to which are attached two pendent stop blocks t' and ', separated one from another
a suitable distance, or one fixed and the other adjustable upon the bar O', as
preferred.
The purpose of the two blocks is to enable the operator to instantly change the limit
of travel of the carriage, which is done by throwing up or down the stop block t',
which block when down, engages with a fixed stop projecting from guide rod or
bar D, but when thrown up, passes above the stop ₁, and permits the second block u¹
to come into contact with the fixed stop v¹.
This arrangement is very convenient where extracts or quotations are to be
introduced, the shortening of the lines serving to distinguish one class of matter
from another.
It is also of considerable advantage in tabulating and like work, where part of the
matter is required to be at one side of a given line, and part at the other side.
The bar which carries the stop blocks t, u, is clamped at any desired point
upon the front bar of carriage B by means of a clamping screw w¹, Figures 1 and 15,
the head or shoulder of. which bears upon the top of the carriage frame, and the
stem of which enters a threaded hole in block s¹ of bar O¹ and draws said bar firmly
against the lower face of the frame.
A short scale plate P¹ corresponding to one end of scale plate W is attached to
the front of carriage B, and enables the operator to determine the precise points in
the travel of the carriage at which the stop blocks t₁ and u¹ shall come into contact
with the fixed stop v¹, the end of the bar 01 being used as an indicator or reading point
in connection with scale P¹.
Q, Figure 15, indicates a pendulous hammer, the rod or stem of which is carried
somewhat above the suspending pivot, and stands directly in the path of the stop
blocks t¹ and ¹, so that as the carriage advances, the block which is set for operation,
strikes the upper arm of the stem, carries it forward, and thus raises the hammer,
and finally rides off the upper arm and allows the hammer to fall and strike the bell R¹,
which is secured to main frame A.
By making stop block t¹ adjustable relatively to block u, in the same manner that
bar O' is adjusted, the difference in travel of the carriage occasioned by the use of
one or the other block may be varied at will, but this adjustment is not ordinarily
needed.
.
"
In order to vary the "indentation of the printed lines, that is, the distance from
the edge of the sheet at which the line shall begin, an adjustable ring or collar S1,
Figure 23, is placed upon the hinge-rod E by which the carriage B is supported, said
collar being the same to all intents as that heretofore employed. It is also furnished
with a set screw T, which is, however, pointed instead of blunt, as formerly, in order
that it may readily enter one or another of a series of conical holes or recesses z¹
formed in the rod E at regular intervals, corresponding to a certain number of spaces
of the scales W and M' aforesaid preferably five spaces. By numbering these cavities
or a portion of them, the operator may instantly determine the proper adjustment of
the collar S, and quickly secure it at the precise point desired, the entrance of the
pointed screw into the conical sockets drawing the collar accurately to place.
Heretofore the cavities have not been provided, and consequently the nice adjust-
ment of the collar to a given point has been difficult.
To facilitate the raising and lowering of the main travelling carriage B, it is
furnished at its front with a thumb piece U¹, Figures 1 and 2, which is located at
such point between the ends of the carriage that the weight shall be equal on opposite

page_text: sides of the thumb piece; thereby overcoming the tendency to twist, as very
wide carriages are liable to do when lifted from one corner, as is commonly done when
the thumb piece is not furnished. It also enables the operator to hold the carriage
firmly and obviates the not infrequent dropping thereof due to the falling back of the
platen frame when the carriage is quickly lifted.
V₁ and W1, Figures 1, 8 and 9, indicate two shafts each provided with a longitudinal
groove a, and mounted in hangers 63 of frame A, a short distance below the top
plate or table of the frame.
Mounted upon each of said shafts is a ribbon spool X³, consisting of a cylindrical
body and two heads or discs c² of sheet metal, stamped or cut with a central eye to
receive the shaft, and with an inwardly extending tongue to enter the groove a²
thereof, so that the spools may freely slide upon, but may not turn independently of
their shafts.
Shaft carries at its rear end a bevel pinion e³, and shaft W¹ carries at its rear
end a like pinion f as shown in Figures 8 and 9.
Carried by hangers in rear of, but in the same horizontal plane with, the
shafts V, W, is a shaft X¹, extending parallel with the line of travel of the carriage,
or at right angles to the shafts V¹, WI
;
The shaft X carries two small bevel pinions 92 and 3, which are fixed thereon
the pinion g² just outside of the pinion e³, aforesaid, and pinion 2 just outside of
pinion 2, but at such distance apart that when pinion g' is in mesh with pinion e³,
pinion cannot be in mesh with pinion f, and vice versa.
The shaft X is longitudinally adjustable, so that the engagement of the pinions may
be effected and destroyed in whichever order desired.
Three circumferential grooves i, j and are formed in shaft X³, and a vertically
sliding plate Y, shown in Figure 2, slotted to straddle the shaft and enter one or
another of said grooves, is applied to main frame A for the purpose of holding the
shaft in position to ensure the meshing of pinion g² or pinion 2 with the companion
pinion or for in an intermediate position.
The ribbon is wound in reverse directions upon the two spools, and consequently, if
either be turned in proper direction to wind the ribbon thereon, the other spool being
free to turn, will pay off the ribbon to supply the one being driven or positively
turned.
Shaft X is formed with a longitudinal groove m³, and is encircled by a bevel
pinion Z which is held against movement in the line of its axis by two fixed arms n³,
between which it is placed. The pinion Z¹ is furnished with a tongue which enters
the groove m¹ of shaft X, and causes the shaft to turn with the pinion though free to
slide through the latter.
A small crank or handle A³ is secured upon the shaft X¹, by which to turn it
manually when desired.
Motion is given to the pinion Z always in the same direction, by a pinion B², which
is, mounted loosely upon a sleeve or collar o² of a cam-shaped drum or barrel C2, to
the inside of which barrel is attached one end of a spiral spring D2, the other end of,
said spring being made fast to a sleeve E2, encircling shaft W
The pinion B is formed with circumferential ratchet teeth p², with which engages
a spring pressed dog or pawl q², carried by the drum or barrel C2, said dog riding
freely over the teeth while the barrel is turned backward, but engaging therewith and
rotating the pinion when the barrel turns forward.
The backward rotation of pinion and ratchet Z is prevented by a gravitating
dog or detent, dropped from above into a hole s² drilled vertically through the
hanger on which the arms n² are formed, said dog engaging with the circumferential
ratchet teeth of pinion Z.
To prevent the dog from falling out when pinion Z is removed, it is headed, as
shown in Figure 10, the upper end of the hole 2 being enlarged to receive the
head, and to prevent escape of the dog through the top of the hole, a small plug t² is
screwed in above it. A spring may be inserted between the dog or detent and the
plug, but this is not deemed necessary ordinarily.

page_text: The sleeve or tubular shaft E2 has screwed upon its end a ratchet wheel or disc F,
the thread being in such direction (to the right), that the spring D² tends to screw
the sleeve E2 into it, thereby preventing its accidental detachment.
The disc is turned backward to coil the spring and put it under proper tension, as
usual, and is held against backward rotation by a double acting dog G, similar to
the anchor of an "anchor escapement," this device serving when rocked manually to
permit a step by step backward rotation of the ratchet disc, and consequently enabling
the operator to lessen the tension of the spring gradually and without danger of
sudden unwinding.
The purpose of so mounting the ribbon spools X2 upon their shafts V₁ and W₁ that
they may be moved longitudinally thereon, is to present fresh portions of the ink-
ribbon to the type, the continued striking of the type in one place or along one line
exhausting the supply of carbonaceous matter or ink contained in the ribbon at said
point or along said line.
To ensure the proper lateral adjustment of the ribbon and to prevent undue sagging
thereof, the spools being shifted independently, by hand, ribbon guides H³, Figures 1, 2
and 26, are provided, each consisting of a wire bent into the form of a yoke, with
two parallel sides or branches and a connecting end piece, the latter a little longer than
the width of the ribbon.
The closed ends of the yokes extend horizontally toward each other, over the
opening in the top or table of frame A through which the type rise, and their free or
disconnected ends are bent downward at a right angle to the main portion, the two
branches of each yoke or guide extending down at opposite ends of one or the other
of the spools X, and their extremities being bent, as shown in Figures 2 and 26 to
give a small bearing point for the heads of the spools to act upon when being
moved.
The vertical arms of each yoke or guide are clamped in recesses or notches in the
edge of a sliding plate I which is slotted, and held in place on the lower face of the
top plate or table of the machine by means of screws J, passing through the slots of
the sliding plate and screwing into the table or top plate from below, as shown in
Figure 2.
The sliding plate I² serves to maintain a proper relation of the arm or branches
of the yokes or guides H2 and to support and give stiffness to said guides.
The vertical arms of the guides, and the ink-ribbon pass through elongated
openings K2, Figure 1, in the top plate or table of the main frame A, the sliding
plates 12 extending slightly past the edges of the openings, and the ribbon drawing
over the projecting edges of the parts I³, L, L' hereafter described.
LL indicate raised ribs, cast upon the top plate or table of main frame A, over
which the ribbon passes and upon which the yokes or ribbon guides H' rest, as shown
in Figures 1 and 2.
These ribs are formed with a series of notches in their upper face or edge, and the
yokes or guides are made elastic, and of such form and proportions that they draw
down upon the ribs and seat themselves in the notches and prevent the too free shifting
of the guides.
The notches also enable the operator to adjust the two guides with accuracy and
certainty, thus ensuring the straight travel of the ribbon from one spool to the other,
and consequently avoiding any tendency to crease or bag the ribbon.
The ribbon passes over the end bar of each yoke or guide, and is thereby held up
near the point at which the type strike.
For the purpose of holding envelopes, cards, and other bodies too short to reach
from one band u to the other, a device M² is provided, what is commonly termed an
८८ envelope holder" M", see Figures 1 and 22.
This consists of a spring arm or plate u, attached at its upper end to a
supporting arm 2 curved to conform to the curvature of roll or platen C, and
furnished at its free end with a roller w2, which serves to press and hold the
envelope, card, or other article against the face of the platen, in position to be
printed..

page_text: It is often desirable to adjust the holder M² toward one or the other end of roller C,
hence a clamping device (such as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 22) is employed for
fastening the supporting arm to the front bar s of the shifting carriage.
As best shown in Figures 2 and 22, the lower end of arm 2 is formed with a notch
or groove 2, to fit the rounded edge of bars, against which the arm ² is drawn by a
lever or clip y, pivotally attached to arm 3, and urged at its lower end toward said
arm or against the front edge of bar s, by a set screw passing through a threaded
hole in the clip y² above the pivot of the latter, and bearing against the arm v³, as
shown in Figures 2 and 22.
The clip is provided with a series of grooves, similar to that of arm and for
a like purpose, the series of grooves permitting, however, an adjustment of arm v
about its point of bearing upon the rear edge of bars s as a centre, and the clamping
of said arin at an any desired angle.
By thus varying the angle of inclination of arm v³, the distance of roller w³
from the face of roller or platen C may be varied to suit the thickness of different
bodies to be printed upon.
For the purpose of varying or adjusting the pressure of roller w² against platen C
or against the envelope, card, or other body to be printed upon, a regulating screw N²
is passed through a threaded hole in arm and arranged to bear against plate u², near
its point of attachment to arm 3, as shown in Figure 2. By turning this screw the
plate u may be urged more or less toward the platen or roll C.
Referring now to Figures 2, 3, 4, 24, and 25 the construction and arrangement
of the key levers, and the links connecting them with the type bars, will be
explained.
O indicates a key lever, provided as usual with a finger button at its free end, which
button is marked to indicate what type or letter is actuated by the key, there being a
series of such levers arranged side by side.
Each lever consists of a thin and light strip of wood or metal set with its greatest
width in a vertical plane, the forward ends of the several lovers being extended
upward or downward as required to bring their finger-bottoms to different levels, as
indicated.
At their rear ends the key levers are all of uniform size and shape, cach
sloping downward from the top toward the rear extremity, and being formed with
a semi-circular notch a³, to receive or to straddle the lower edge of a rib c³,
cast upon frame A, and extending from side to side thereof at the rear of the
machine, and on the under side of the raised hollow base of said frame, as seen in
Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Each of said levers crosses and rests upon the space bar N, which is faced on its
upper side with leather, cloth or other material to lessen noise and wear; and each
lever when at rest bears at its upper side against a similarly faced or fashioned bar P²,
which limits their ascent.
The lateral play of the levers is limited and they are kept in proper relative
positions at their forward ends by micans of wires or pins ³, extending downward
from bar P and passing between the levers, as shown in Figures 2 and 4, the
thickness of the pins determining the extent of their separation at their forward ends.
Whenever a letter key or the space bar Q is depressed, the bar N is carried down-
ward away from the remaining key levers, and it is therefore necessary to provide
means for holding up each key lever independently of bar N.
For this purpose there is provided a series of flat springs, of the form shown in
Figures 2, 3 and 4, that is to say, bifurcated at their forward ends and bent upward
and forward at their rear ends.
The forked end of each spring straddles the shank or stem and passes beneath
the head of a pin or screw f³, driven into the top of the key lever to which
the spring is applied, and the forwardly bent rear end is clamped between the
under side of the raised base of frame A and a comb plate Q2, which latter is drawn
against said springs with more or less force, by means of bolts or screws g³, Figures 1,
2 and 3.

page_text: The angle of the spring, formed by bending its rear end forward, is seated in
the angle of a recess R2, formed in the base of frame A to receive the springs
and the comb-plate, and thus the springs are held against backward movement,
and the comb-plate prevents forward movement, hence they are kept exactly in
position.
By tightening or loosening the screws or bolts g³, the lifting force or effect of the
springs may be increased or diminished as desired, and thus the action of the key
levers made stiffer or easier at will.
As the key levers extend to different distances from their fulcrums, it is advisable
to make the springs of different lengths, to compensate in a measure for the difference
in leverage, and thereby render the action of all as nearly uniform as possible.
This result is further ensured by connecting the typo-bars with the key-levers at
different distances from the fulcrum of the latter.
The comb-plate Q2 is furnished with thin flat pins or reeds ³, which extend
downward between the key levers in the same manner as the pins d³, but, owing to
their being quite thin the levers are permitted to stand closer together at their rear
ends than at their front ends. In this way the desired spread of the levers is secured
and maintained.
Key levers Hand I¹ by which the carriage is shifted from lower to upper case, or
from upper to lower case letters as the case may be, are cut away above bar N, so that
they may be depressed without depressing the bar N, and consequently without
actuating the letter-spacing mechanism.
Being thus unsustained by bar N, it is desirable to provide some support other than
the lifting spring, and a clip h³, Figures 2, 3 and 4, is therefore secured to each of the
levers P of the space bar or key Q, near their rear ends, consisting of a piece of metal
bent through its middle to form a vertical and a horizontal leaf, the foriner for attach-
ment to the levers P as in Figure 2, and the latter to extend beneath the lever H¹
or I', as indicated in Figure 4.
The key levers O, the levers H¹, I and the levers P, are each furnished with a
metal strap or stirrup S², passing beneath the key lever, and upward on each
side thereof, and terminating, above the lever, in perforated ears, between which ears
is placed the perforated lower end of a drawpiece or stem T2, which piece is curved
laterally at its upper end, and formed with a tubular or perforated boss or block j³, as
shown in Figures 2 and 24.
Through the tubular boss j³ is passed the threaded end of a wire or rod U2, which
is furnished both above and below the boss with nuts ³, by which its exact adjustment
relatively to the draw piece T may be determined and maintained.
The upper end of each wire or rod U2 is furnished with a hook m³, 'Figures 24
and 25, to pass through an eye in the short arm of one of the type bars or
levers F¹.
Heretofore it has been customary to merely bend over the end of the wire or rod U2
to form this hook, but in order to give thickness for a good screw thread, the rod is
now made heavier than formerly, and its upper end is drilled longitudinally to receive
the shank of the hook m³, which is now made of a separate piece of wire of proper size and
is retained in the main wire or rod by indenting the sides of the drilled portion and
forcing them into the sides of the shank of the hook, as illustrated in Figures 24
and 25.
The hook is so bent as to cause it to draw directly in line with the axis of
the rod U2.
The outward curvature of the draw pieces T2 causes the rods U2 to more effectually
clear the type bars F₁ and the basket or guard W2, Figures 2 and 3, against and
within which they fall, said basket consisting of an elliptical frame of wire, preferably
made of two wires q³ one above another, faced on the inside with a leather band r³,
stitched to a backings of felt, listing, or the like, which admits of being readily
stitched to the wire frame, thus facilitating the application of the leather facing to the
basket.
Wires to serve to sustain the basket in position."

page_text: The bar P2 which bears the pins aforesaid, is furnished on its upper face
with a cushion of rubber, felt, or other material to deaden the sound occasioned by
the upstroke of the key levers, and, for the purpose of limiting the depression of the
space bar or key Q, it is furnished at or near each end with a hook shaped hanger n³, cach
bearing a cushion o³ of rubber or other suitable substance, to form a stop for the
levers PP which carry said key.
A strap or band V2, Figure 8, connects the travelling carriage B and the spring
barrel or drum C³, as usual, the band winding upon the exterior of the drum as the
carriage advances.
To facilitate attachment and detachment of the band to and from the carriage, a
T-shaped clip is preferably secured to the carriage and the end of the band slit.
to pass over the sano, as illustrated in Figure S.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a rock-shaft L and a collar
mounted thereupon, of a spring coiled loosely around the shaft and secured at one end
to a fixed part of the machine, and at the other end to the collar, and a screw for
varying the circumferential position of the collar and adjusting the tension of the
spring, substantially as set forth.
2. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage B provided with a
rigid and a yielding dog, of a rock-shaft L, of a rack bar carried by said shaft and
adapted to engage said dogs, a collar loosely encircling the rock shaft, of a screw
journalled in the collar and meshing with worm teeth or grooves in the rock-shaft,
and of a spring having one end bearing against or attached to a fixed part of the
machine, and the other end attached to the collar, substantially as described and
shown.
3. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage B provided with a
rack bar, of a rock-shaft L, of a rigid and a yielding dog carried by said shaft and
adapted to engage said rack bar, of a collar loosely encircling the rock-shaft, of a
screw journaled in the collar and meshing with worm teeth or grooves in the
rock-shaft, and of a spring having one end bearing against or attached to a fixed
part of the machine, and the other end attached to the collar, substantially as set forth.
4. In a typewriting machine the combination with the frame A provided with guide
bars DE with the carriage B, with the frame G pivotally connected to frame B, and
with the dogs H I carried by said frame; of the rack bar J, of the rock-shaft L carrying
said bar and provided with a peripheral groove having worm teeth grooves or notches p,
collar Tencircling shaft L, of the screw U journalled in said collar and meshing
with the worm grooves of the rock-shaft, and of the spring S having one end attached
to the collar and the other bearing against or attached to a fixed part of the machine,
substantially as set forth.
5. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the frame A provided with
guide bars DE, with the carriage B, with the frame G pivotally connected to
frame B, and with a rack bar carried by said frame, of a rigid and a pivoted dog
adapted to engage said rack bar, of the rock-shaft L carrying said dogs and
provided with a peripheral groove having worm teeth, grooves or notches P of the
collar T encircling shaft L, of the screw U journalled in said collar and meshing with
the worm grooves of the rock-shaft, and of the spring S having one end attached to
the collar and the other bearing against or attached to a fixed part of the machine,
substantially as set forth.
6. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a shifting rod C₁ and its
supporting levers D', of a lever J pivoted to one of said levers D₁, and of a spring
attached to lever J, and to the framework of the machine, substantially as shown
and described, whereby the spring caused to act on either side of the axis of
levers and consequently to throw the shifting rod (forward or backward as
reanired.

page_text: 7. In combination with the shifting carriage B₁, the lever D¹ and rod C¹, and the
lever J', pivoted to lever D¹, a stop to limit the movement of lever J1, and a spring
attached to said lever J' and adapted to be carried by the movement of said lever, to
one or the other side of the axis of lever D¹, as set forth.
8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a shifting paper carriage, a series
of type bars each carrying two types to strike the paper upon said carriage, a shifting
rod engaging with and serving to shift said carriage to bring the paper properly over
one or the other set of type, supporting levers carrying said shifting-rod, a shifting
lever pivoted to one of said supporting levers, and a spring attached to the shifting
lever and adapted to be carried thereby to either side of the axis of the supporting
levers, substantially as set forth.
9. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a main frame A, with a
carriage B, with a supplemental shifting carriage B', and with a shifting rod for
moving the latter, of pivoted supporting arms carrying the shifting rod, of stops
to limit the throw of said arms, and of a spring acting upon one of said arms and
serving to hold the arm or arms against the stops, substantially as described.
10. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a main frame A and a
fixed stop ¹, of a carriage B movable over said frame, of a bar O¹ adjustably
secured to said carriage, and of two dogs tu attached to said bar, the forward one
being adapted to swing into and out of line with the fixed stop, substantially as set
forth.
11. In a typewriter the combination with a frame A and a fixed stop v¹, of a
carriage B, of a bar O¹ adjustably secured to said carriage, of a dog or detent
carried by said bar, and a scale P¹ carried by the carriage or the bar, whereby
the extent of adjustment of the latter may be nicely determined, substantially as set
forth.
12. In a typewriter, the combination with a supporting frame A and a travelling
carriage B, of a graduated rod such as E, and of a collar adjustably secured upon said
rod and serving to limit the backward travel of the carriage.
13. In a typewriter, the combination with the main frame and travelling carriage,
of a toothed rack bar J, of a rod such as E graduated to correspond with the
teeth of said rack bar and having sockets at certain of the graduations, and of a
collar encircling said rod and furnished with a set screw to enter the sockets, said
collar being located in the path of the travelling carriage and serving to limit its
backward movement, substantially as described and shown in Figure 23.
14. In combination with the frame A of a typewriter, a hinged carriage B
provided at its front with a thumb piece by which to lift it, substantially as shown.
15. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a frame A provided with a bell R'
and a fixed stop v¹, of a carriage B movable thereon, of a scale plate P¹ applied to
the front of said carriage, and of a slide O' carried by said carriage, adjustable thereon,
and provided with a dog to actuate the bell and to engage with the fixed stop, sub-
stantially as described and shown in Figure 15.
Dated this 28th day of February 1889.