matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING POLARIZED LIGHT IN CONNECTION WITH THE MICROSCOPE, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Field at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
May 1869.
I, JAMES JOHN FIELD, of Highgate, in the County of Middlesex,
Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING POLARIZED LIGHT IN CONNECTION WITH THE
MICROSCOPE, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved apparatus for applying, &
improved mode of applying polarized light with a view of optically
developing the structure of objects when viewed by or with microscopes;
& the apparatus consists in a frame (which fits below the object
stage) & carries a Nichol's prism (or other polarizer) at the lower,
& a certain number of thin plates or films of selenite at the upper part
of the apparatus. The selenite films or plates are arranged in cells
of different diameters, which cells admit of rotation, & are toothed
around their circumference, & they gear into toothed wheels (also of
variable size) fixed on an upright pillar near the side of the apparatus.
The pillar wheels (which I call the drivers) are so attached that they
can only move in unison & thus when the drivers are moved they

page_text: cause the selenite frames to rotate with different velocities, but always
in fixed ratios. The fitting which carries the polarizer is also toothed,
& takes motion in a similar manner from a whcel near the base of the
pillar. Lastly, the selenite frames are graduated, so as to read from an
index, & thus when ungeared from the drivers (for which end there
is a special provision) they (the selenites) can be turned singly in their
cells, & thus have what is known optically as their depolarizing
axes placed in any relative positions that may be desired before motion
is received from the drivers, & the frame or fitting of the polarizer
is also graduated in a similar manner & for a similar purpose.
The object of the apparatus is to place beneath any structure that
it may be desirable to view with the microscope a great number of
different axial positions & combinations of the selenite plates, & also
different positions of the polarizer in relation both to the plates & the
object viewed, & it is also the aim of the apparatus so to accomplish
this that when any favorable relation or relations between the selenites,
the polarizer, & the structure viewed have once been found, the same
may be registered by taking the index positions of the fittings or cells
which carry the selenites & the polarizer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Catlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1869.
I, CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved "letting-off" motion,
and consists in supporting the lower shedding roller on centres or points
one at each end of the roller so as to allow the said roller free vibration
"to and fro;" theso I use in connection with the ordinary eccentric for
Working the same.
Secondly. Or instead of the cccentric I attach at one or both ends of
the shedding roller or vibrator a curved or cranked link, to the lower end
of which is secured the ordinary weighting or beam chain. The curved
or cranked link admits any desired degree of vibration by allowing moro
motion or "play" to the vibrator in the direction of the slay; or the
same result may be obtained by the use of a straight link, the lower
shedding roller being cut partially through, leaving a passage for the
link. On the last-mentioned roller is an arm communicating by a rod or

page_text: chain with the ordinary weighting lever. The ends of these levers I
connect by chain or cord so that both may he raised or lifted at once
when desirable.
Thirdly. In apparatus for "taking up" the cloth where the "double
beam " and a spring or weighted roller are employed I cover the 5
measuring roller with india-rubber cloth. In the one beam taking-up
motion I dispense with the ratchet wheel and catches and employ a
double-flanged disc, the interior of the flanges having teeth or studs
thereon in which two pinion wheels work one on each side of the diso
plate; the one aots in taking up the cloth, the other holds the beam 1
when the cloth is so taken up or wound on the cloth beam. The disc
wheel is worked by a lever from the slay sword or from the tappet
shaft.
Fourthly. In loose reed looms I fix on the slay beam at the back of
the reed a strip of metal; the swivel is also provided with a similar strip, 1
but cranked or bent at its outer edge so as to clip the edge of the strip
on the slay beam. The reed is thus held firmly in position so long as the
shuttle race is clear,
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST IRON FOR THE PRO- DUCTION OF WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL THEREFROM, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1869.
I, EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of No. 6, Great George Street, West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING CAST IRON FOR THE PRO-
DUCTION OF WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL THEREFROM, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to a process for eliminating sulphur and
phosphorus from iron, for which Provisional Protection has been granted
to me bearing date the 27th August 1869, No. 2538.
My present Invention has for its object to carburize or cement the
iron after it has been purified by being acted upon or oxidized by
steam or superheated steam, and for this purpose I introduce amongst
the granulated iron gases rich in carbon, such as carburetted hydrogen
and carbonic oxide or gas, or vapour of hydrocarbons, or in place of
simply introducing gases rich in carbon I introduce solid carbon in a
finely divided state which may conveniently be carried in by the draught
of the above-named gases or by steam..

page_text: In carrying out my above described process I employ the same
arrangement of apparatus as described in my above-mentioned Provi-
sional Specification, introducing the gases rich in carbon after the
supply of steam has been stopped. Or I employ for this purpose, as
also for acting upon the granulated iron by means of steam according
to my before described process, regenerative furnaces such as are now
well known as "Siemens' furnaces," and the iron so prepared according
to my above described process may also be with advantage manufactured
into wrought iron or steel in such furnaces, according to the "Siemens'
process," or "Siemens Martin "process of manufacturing steel such as
described in the Specifications to C. W. Siemens' Patent, dated 10th
June 1868, No. 1892, and to Martin's Patent dated 25th July 1867,
No. 2166.
Although I have described my process of carburizing the iron in eon-
nection with my process for oxidizing and purifying the iron, my said
process may be applied to any iron that has been oxidized and purified
by the application of steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING SIGNALS BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Harvey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1869.
I, SAMUEL HARVEY, of Dale Road, Haverstock Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING SIGNALS BETWEEN PASSENGERS
AND GUARDS IN RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a means of indicating signals between
passengers and guards or drivers of railway trains, and consists in
fitting on the roof or other convenient part of each carriage a box
composed of two side pieces, a back piece, and a bottom or foundation
plate. The lower ends of the two side pieces have lugs or projections
for hinging a second box to, and which fits inside the first-mentioned
box; this second box is provided with corresponding lugs so that it can
turn over upon its front. The second box is provided with an apparatus
for displaying a powerful bright white or coloured light, such as would
be produced from a Roman candle. There is also a tube fitted into
the top of the second box for containing a charge of explosive material,
and on the bottom of the first box just beneath the Roman candle and
the tube I fit a percussion apparatus, which on being separated or acted

page_text: upon by a cord or wire within reach of each passenger causes the fire to
be communicated to the Roman candle and the tube. There is also a cord
or wire leading from the upper part of the second box, which is acted
upon and thrown over by the same pull of the first-mentioned cord or
wire with which this cord is fastened. The cord or wire within reach
of the passenger I prefer to place along the front of the seats and
lead it up the stiles to the roof. In some cases I so fit the second box
as to cause it to slide away from the first box, and thus admit of the
light being exhibited.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PICKERS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS OF WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Froggatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August
1869.
I, JOHN FROGGATT, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PICKERS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS OF WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the pickers employed in looms for weaving
in connection with the apparatus for giving motion to the shuttle, and
more particularly to pickers made of the ordinary material, that is to
say, of buffalo hide, or to those made of a material other than metal.
When in use the said pickers slide each upon a metal rod or spindle,
which said rod requires to be frequently lubricated, and it has been found
that the oil employed as a lubricant has been to some extent thrown on
to the material being woven by reason of the quick action and sudden
stoppage of the said picker. When weaving goods of a delicate texture
or color or of an expensive material this aforesaid ejectment of the. oil
from the shuttle box impairs the value of the finished material to some
extent, and my said Invention relates to means for dispensing with

page_text: the use of a lubricant for the above-named purpose. When making
pickers in accordance with my said Invention I bush the holes or
bearings formed in the picker to enable it to slide upon the afore-
mentioned rod, that is to say, I line the said holes or each of the said
holes with a bush, ferrule, or thimble formed of brass, antifriction
metal, or of any other suitable metal or alloy. When pickers so lined
or bushed are employed the lubrication of the picker rod or spindle
may be dispensed with as aforesaid. The improved pickers may also
be employed in cases where the use of a lubricant will not materially
effect the value of the woven fabric, in which cases a smaller quantity
of the lubricant may be used than when the ordinary pickers are
employed.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Hely Chadwyck
Healey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th April 1869.
I, CHARLES EDWARD HELY CHADWYCK HEALEY, of 163, Strand, in the
City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
In carrying out this Invention I make use of a brush, or scrubber, or
'jag," or their equivalent, which brush or its equivalent is moved to
and fro within the barrel by means of an endless band, cord, chain, or
wire passing over pulleys or rollers or suitable substitutes at the muzzle
and breech of the fire-arm to be cleaned, the said band, cord, or chain
being secured to the brush or "jag." The exterior portion of the band
or cord may be provided with a handle to facilitate the use of the
apparatus.
In order to render the nature of my Invention more intelligible I
shall now describe one method in which my Invention may be applied
to a Martini breech-loading rifle. On to the muzzle of the piece I fit
a socket having an arm projecting a short distance in front of the

page_text: muzzle. The end of this arm is forked and carries a small grooved
pulley. In the upper part of the rear end of the shoe of the breech is a
hole tapped with a screw, which hole may be filled with a moveable
When the
screw plug when the cleaning apparatus is not in use.
cleaning apparatus is to be used a small upright, to which is hinged a
forked arm carrying a pulley somewhat similar to that at the muzzle, is
screwed into the hole. The breech is opened & the endless band
carrying the brush or "jag" works round the pulleys at the muzzle and
breech. One side of the band or cord passing through the barrel carries
the brush or "jag," & the other side or portion outside the barrel is
furnished with a wooden or other handle to enable the operator to move
the cord or band backwards & forwards with greater ease. The "jag "
or brush may be hinged in the middle if desired. The cleaning is
effected by moving that portion of the cord or band external to the
barrel backwards & forwards; the band will then work over the pulleys
before described, and communicate motion to the brush or "jag" within
the barrel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING, CRUSHING, AND GRINDING ORES AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1869.
I, WILLIAM DAVIS, of Great Yarmouth, in the County of Norfolk,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING, CRUSHING,
AND GRINDING ORES AND SUCH LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in constructing a cylindrical or other
suitably shaped vessel for the reception of the ores or substances to be
crushed, the bottom of which vessel is formed with sloping wells or
depressions, into which stampers provided for the purpose drop or work,
so that the larger pieces, which will naturally fall into these wells or
depressions, will there receive the full blow of the stampers, and as the
pieces become comminuted they will be more on the sloping portions
of the bottoms, and there they will receive the rub of the stampers.
The bottom of the vessel should be provided with false bottoms, like
mortar mills, which can be replaced when they get so worn as to be
unserviceable. The motion may be communicated to the bottom of the

page_text: vessel by means of toothed gearing. The stampers should number one
more or one less than the number of drops, so that the basin does not
receive the blows simultaneously, but alternately, and these stampers
have stems or rods working in a suitable guide framing. On motion
being communicated to the vessel the stampers will be lifted and put to
work in the manner above mentioned.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HAY AND STRAW
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Catchpool at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1869.
I, WILLIAM CATCHPOOL, of 355, Goswell Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HAY AND STRAW," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to steaming and then compressing the hay
or straw, either in an uncut state or cut in the form of chaff or otherwise,
in order that by the steaming the same may be cooked or partially
cooked and be better adapted as food for horses and other animals, and
then by the subsequent compression facility may be afforded for stowage
or transit. The steaming, separately considered, is not new, and when
this has been effected I compress the fibre, by preference whilst in a
heated state, in chambers of convenient form and size, where by the
action thereon of a suitable piston or plunger it may be reduced into
blocks of the form and to the extent desired. When this compression has

page_text: been effected the fibre is removed from the chamber and allowed to cool,
and it will then be found to retain the form given to it. By these means
the steamed hay or straw, cut or uncut, may have form
be reduced in bulk for facility of stowage or transit.
given to it and
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS, TREADLES, AND BRAKES, PRINCIPALLY APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES AND OTHER LIGHT CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor de Stains at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1869.
I, VICTOR DE STAINS, of 29, Shepperton Villas, N., London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS,
TREADLES, AND BRAKES, PRINCIPALLY APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES AND OTHER LIGHT
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
1ly. A wheel being composed of three distinct parts, viz., an outer
circle, a nave, and a number of spokes connecting the two, and being
so disposed as to bear cach singly in its turn the whole weight carried
by the wheel, with a rapid succession of excessive pressure and release,
the destructive effect of which is very inadequately counteracted by the
tier. I propose to replace these supports (acting by pression) by a
corresponding number or wires, cords, or other substances (acting by
traction), and so stretched from the outer circle or tier to the centre or
nave (a portion being fixed at each end of the said nave) as to form of
the whole a solid wheel, very light and capable of supporting great
weights, from the wires or cords being stretched to a sufficient degree of
tension.

page_text: 2ly. In treadles the difficulty of the dead point might be sur-
mounted by a certain mechanism, which taking advantage of the
double action of the heel and toes as exerted in walking would give
two lines of propulsion for each foot, thus dividing the circle to be
described by the crank into four sections, for instance, having placed
between the crank and foot a triangular piece of wood or metal frame,
one angle of which, pierced with a hole, shall turn the crank, whilst the
opposite side resting against the sole of the foot shall receive the
double impulse of this organ. I add a straight bar descending from
the angle near to the heel to a firm part on the carriage, and fixed at
each end by means of a pin or hinge. It is obvious that this bar being
of a proportionate length will only allow the heel a certain direction,
after which it will resist and give the toes power to transmit their action
in a new direction nearly at right angle to the previous one.
3ly. With brakes usually acting by contact of the wheel little or no
steadiness is added to the carriage, but if we form our brake of two
bars or legs falling by means of levers or otherwise each side of
the carriage. This double appendage will be most advantageous,
particularly to bicycles, which will then be able to stand erect when not
in motion.
AN IMPROVED METHOD: OR MEANS OF PREVENTING METALS PROM RUSTING OR CORRODING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Crossley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1869.
I, FRANCIS CROSSLEY, of No. 4, Prince's Terrace, Bonner Road,
Victoria Park, in the County of Middlesex, Oil Refiner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD:
OR MEANS OF PREVENTING METALS PROM RUSTING OR CORRODING," to be as:
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved and efficient method or means
of preventing metals (such as cast iron, cast steel, wrought iron, brass,
copper, or other metals), from rusting, oxidizing, or corroding, which
will be found applicable in all cases where metals are exposed and liable
to rust or to oxidize, also to the prevention of incrustation in steam
boilers and the corroding and subsequent fouling of the metal bottoms
plating or sheathing of iron and other ships.
The Invention consists in heating the metal in a hot air chamber or

page_text: cupola chamber to a heat of from about 180 to 200 degrees of tem-
perature, and in that state the metal is put into a tank or receptacle of
suitable dimensions containing bitumenous oil, such as naphtha, coal
oil, petroleum, or other oils of a similar nature, and the metal is allowed
to cool therein, after which it will be found that the metal will be
effectually preserved from rusting, oxidizing, or corroding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1869.
I, WILLIAM WHITE, of 64, Malpas Road, Lewisham Road, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in double armed treadle motion levers with
inverse action, and in double movement pedals. The levers are situated
one on each side of the fore wheel at the axle between the nave and the
driving crank. One arm of the lever passes upwards to the guider, by
preference slightly inclined towards the driver, while the other arm
passes in a forward direction to the front of the wheel, where it is jointed
by a fulcrum pin to the treadle which passes backwards under the driving
crank at the axle to its pedal. Each lever is connected to the axle by
an adjustable strap, and they are both by preference connected at top
by a by a cross bar. Each pedal is in two pieces, an upper and a lower,
connected together by an accommodation hinge; the upper piece has sides
to keep the foot in place, the lower is fixed on a swivel pin to the end

page_text: of the treadle, the direction of which is slightly diverging from the
wheel. By the combination of these two actions a sort of universal
joint is produced, which while allowing the foot to turn as necessary
ensures perfect command over the treadle in any direction.
These improvements are applicable to velocipedes of various con-
structions.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SALT SPOONS AND OTHER SPOONS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spurrier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1869.
I, WILLIAM SPURRIER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN SALT SPOONS AND OTHER SPOONS," to be as follows:-
In salt spoons as ordinarily constructed much inconvenience arises
from the tipping or falling of the said spoons from the salt cellars.
The object of my Invention is to prevent this inconvenience.
In constructing salt spoons according to my Invention I make the
bowls of the said spoons of greater thickness and consequent weight of
metal than usual, the weight of the said bowls being equal to or greater
than the weight of the handles of the spoons. When a salt spoon of
this kind is placed in the salt cellar the weight of the bowl causes it to
take a safe position therein and there is no tendency of the spoon to
overbalance. I give this increased strength and weight of metal to the
bowl of the spoon by making the blank from which the spoon is to be
made of greatest thickness at that end from which the bowl is to be

page_text: formed, so that when the blank is raised or fashioned into a spoon in the
usual manner and by the use of the ordinary shaping dies a spoon is
produced having a bowl as heavy as or heavier than the handle of the
said spoon.
My Invention is applicable to spoons made by casting or other
processes.
Although my Invention is particularly applicable to salt spoons yet it
may be applied to all spoons which when made in the ordinary manner
are liable to overbalance in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING CRUDE IRON, AND IN MAKING STEEL, AND IN AN APPARATUS FOR SUCH PURPOSE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robert Lumley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd May 1869.
I, HENRY ROBERT LUMLEY, of 14, Marlborough Place, St. John's
Wood, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PURIFYING CRUDE IRON, AND IN MAKING STEEL,
AND IN AN APPARATUS FOR SUCH PURPOSE," to be as follows :-
When melted I cause iron to be run into my converting vessel so
prepared that the molten iron may fall through suitable apertures and
from a sufficient height in the form of a shower of minutely subdivided
streams or particles, through an upward current of cold or heated air.
The iron is then taken from the vessel suitably prepared to receive it,
and hammered or otherwise as ordinarily done in treating malleable iron
and steel.
In treating molten iron as above described by the action of atmospheric
air I also provide for the use of nitrates and other known chemical
agents for purifying iron when required.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1869. A communication from abroad by Mr. Alois Drasch, of
Saint Egidi, in the Empire of Austria.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE," a communication from
abroad by M. Alois Drasch, of Saint Egidi, in the Empire of Austria,
to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved motive-power engine which may
be made use of for driving machinery, and the principle of working
consists in causing a ball to circulate rapidly when set in motion by
manual or other power in a circular channel provided in a trough, the
centre of which latter is connected by a ball-and-socket joint to a fixed
circular bearing, the rim of which bearing limits the inclined positions
which the trough assumes when by the rapid circular motion of the ball
in the above-mentioned channel the trough yields to the motion of the
ball in such manner that it causes the ball to act as if falling con-

page_text: tinuously down along an inclined plane, thus allowing the ball to
gradually increase its velocity. The ball whilst moving pushes against
a roller rotating in bearings provided in the end of a lever arm connected
to an axis revolving in bearings, by which means a rotary motion will
be imparted to the said axis, and this rotary motion be made subservient
for driving machinery.
In the annexed Drawing A shows a frame in which a rocking motion
is allowed to a trough B connected by the ball-and-socket joint C to a
fixed circular bearing D, the rim d of which limits the inclined positions
the trough B will assume when the ball E circulates in the circular
channel G provided in the trough B. The required velocity is imparted
to the ball E by manual or other suitable power, and in its circulating
motion the said ball pushes against a friction roller g turning in a fork
or bearing / fixed to a lever arm H, which latter is connected to the
vertical axis or arbor I revolving in bearings provided in the frame A; the
ball will consequently drive the arm H and thus procure the rotating of
the arbor I, which rotating motion may by gearing J or other suitable
means be made şubservient as a motive power for driving machinery.
The rocking motion of the trough B is guided by a projecting part b
moving up and down in a slit provided in a fixed standard L.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING VESSELS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Timmis Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1869.
I, JOSIAH TIMMIS SMITH, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager of Iron Works, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING VESSELS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to bo as follows:-
In the said converting vessels as usually constructed the whole of the
interior of the vessel is made of fire-clay or other infusible non-metallic
material, the jets of air being delivered through small holes made in
plugs or tuyeres of fire-clay inserted in holes in the bottom of the said
vessel. The said plugs or tuyeres rapidly wear away, and their replace-
ment requires the cooling of the converting vessel and the consequent
loss of time and heat.
My Invention consists in making the bottom of the said converting
vessel of wrought iron or steel instead of fire-clay or other non-metallio
material, the said bottom being flush with the fire-clay lining of the

page_text: Bides of the converting vessel and forming the top of a short hollow
cylinder secured by rivetting or otherwise to the outer metallic portion
of the converting vessel. The blast of air is delivered through the said
metallic bottom by means of a series of metallic pipes fed through one of
the trunnions of the converting vessel in the usual way. In order to
keep the said metallic bottom cool and prevent its fusion or the attach-
ment of the molten iron or steel in the converting vessel thereto, I apply
water to the under side of the said bottom in the following manner :—A
series of concentric tubular rings are supported at a short distance below
the metallic bottom; these rings are connected through one of the
trunnions of the converting vessel with a reservoir of water, which water
is supplied to the said rings under considerable pressure. Through small
holes in the upper sides of the said rings a series of minute jets of
water are delivered on the under side of the metallic bottom, which is
thus kept cool and uninjured by the heat to which it is exposed.
Although I prefer to make the bottom of the converting vessel of iron
or steel, yet I do not confine myself thereto as other metals and alloys
may be used in place of iron or steel. And in place of the rings
described for delivering water a rose or other equivalent arrangement
may be used for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS POR PREPARING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR CARDING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kenworthy and Thomas
Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th November 1869.
We, GEORGE HENRY KENWORTHY and THOMAS KNOWLES, both of
Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
POR PREPARING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR CARDING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to those machines used in preparing cotton or
other fibrous substances for carding called "lap machines," and consist
mainly in the use or employment in such machines of a set of drawing
rollers, either fluted or otherwise, and driven at gradually increasing
speeds for the purpose of drawing out and straightening the fibres in
such machines previously to forming the roll or "lap" with which the
carding engine is fed. The machine is constructed with an ordinary
feeder with latticework for the rolls or "laps" as they come from the
"scutchers" or blowing machines. At the end of the lattice we place
(say) four pairs of drawing rollers driven by suitable gearing at gradually
increasing speeds, and in passing through these rollers the fibres of the

page_text: cotton or other fibrous substance become stretched or drawn out length-
wise and straightened, and the fleece thus drawn out then passes through
a set of ordinary compressing or condensing rollers, and is wound into a
"lap" by the two bed rollers in the usual manner. The "lap" thus
produced will be found to have the fibres mostly straight and laid length-
wise, and hence in the best position for feeding into the carding engine,
and the operation of carding is thereby greatly facilitated, whereas in the
'laps" formed by the ordinary scutcher or blowing machine in the
usual manner the fibres are more or less curled and laid crosswise, and
are consequently presented transversely instead of longitudinally or
endwise to the teeth of the "licker in" of the carding engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING. FUEL AND LIGHT. FROM. WATER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Skelly Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on- tire
23rd October 1869.
I, FRANCIS SKELLY ANDERSON, of New Orleans, State of Louisiana,
United States of America, at present residing at 42, Cannon Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING. FUEL AND LIGHT. FROM. WATER," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of treating lieated but not boiling water, which
may be either fresh or salt, with sulphuric ether combined with a
solution of zinc in such a manner as to separate the oxygen from the
hydrogen. The hydrogen so obtained I treat with a solution of sulphuric
acid, and also with hydrocyanic acid for the purpose of consolidating the
hydrogen gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR. AXLES, SHAFTING, AND SUCH LIKE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Farrell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
September 1869.
I, ISAAC FARRELL, of Glanbrassil Terrace, in the City of Dublin,
Architect and Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR. AXLES, SHAFTING, AND SUCH
LIKE," to be as follows:-
These improvements have reference to axle and machine bearings
generally, and more especially to the axle bearings of velocipedes and
the bearings of shafting and connecting rods, and consist in making the
seating or bearing in two pieces formed after the manner of a back flap
hinge, the two pieces being connected or hinged together at one end by
means of a hinge joint or by other suitable means, and being made to
fold over or embrace the axle or part of the machinery for which they
are intended to serve, having for that purpose the inside of each piece
formed to the required shape or part thereof of the bearing required, and
having the other end formed of a flap or flat shape; and further after
the axle or part of the machinery is in place consists in embracing and
holding such axle or part of machinery by securing the two flap or flat
sides of the hinged bearing together by means of a clip or fork formed

page_text: and fitted for the purpose of receiving them, having a bolt and nut or
other convenient fastening passing through the jaws of such clip and
through the flap or flat sides of the bearings, so that the bearings may
be properly secured, adjusted, and readily opened. Sometimes the clip
or fork may be formed on and be part of the connecting rod or bar,
and when intended for velocipedes it may be formed on and be part of
the cheeks of the forks of such velocipedes where they form the axle
bearing. The improvements may be performed by making various parts
of metal after the manner above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
March 1869.
I, THOMAS BAKER, of No. 17, Buckingham Villas, Stratford, in the
County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, SUNSHADES, AND PARASOLS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to the metal ribs and stretchers of the frames
of umbrellas, sunshades, and parasols, and consist in the use of ribs and
stretchers made of metal, either rolled, or twisted, or drawn spirally, or
plaited. For example I may take a strip of metal and pass it around a
rod in such manner that it shall form thereon spirals or convolutions,
and when the rod is withdrawn the strip of metal will retain the form
thus imparted, and be in fact a spiral tube from which a rib or stretcher
may be made. Or I take two or more wires and twist them spirally
around each other so as to form a rib or stretcher as may be required,
or a spiral rod from which the requisite lengths for ribs and stretchers
may be cut. Or I may take three or more wires and plait them
together to be used in the same manner and for the same purposes.

page_text: I
I propose in some cases to roll or otherwise compress the spiral or
plaited ribs, and stretchers, or the spiral or plaited rod, so as to cause the
separate wires to bind or cohere.
I propose also to produce similar forms of-ribs and stretchers or rods
to those herein-before described, or some of them, by drawing them
instead of rolling, twisting, or plaiting.
A SELF-ACTING MEANS OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES, CARTS, WAGGONS, AND OTHER COMMON ROAD VEHICLES WHETHER WITH FOUR OR TWO WHEELS FOR ADJUSTING THE LOAD IN ASCENDING OR DESCENDING A HILL AND APPLYING A BRAKE IN DESCENDING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lund and Enoch Town-
end at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th September 1869.
We, JAMES LUND, of Malsis Hall, near Kildwick, in the County of
York, Worsted Spinner and Manufacturer, and ENOCH TOWNEND, of
Cononley, near Kildwick, aforesaid, Steward to the said James Lund, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SELF-ACTING
MEANS OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES, CARTS, WAGGONS, AND OTHER
COMMON ROAD VEHICLES WHETHER WITH FOUR OR TWO WHEELS FOR ADJUSTING
THE LOAD IN ASCENDING OR DESCENDING A HILL AND APPLYING A BRAKE IN
DESCENDING," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in mounting the body of such vehicles with
the shafts attached upon the axletree or upon the block to which the
arms or axes of the wheels are fixed in such manner that the said
body shall be capable of moving backwards and forwards thereon to a
certain distance or extent of motion so that the load may be placed
more to the front of the axes when ascending and to the back when
descending a hill, which movement is effected self-actingly by the
draught of the horse in ascending and by his holding back in descending.
For this purpose wo insert friction rollers into the top side of the axletrco

page_text: or the block carrying the arms of the wheels for the body or the shafts,
as the case may be, to rest and move upon, and we fix a guide bar or
slide frame to each end of the said axletree extending forward or
backward immediately under each side frame of the body or under each
shaft, which have loops or bushes fitting on the said guide bars so that
they may slide therein, and these guide bars are provided with collars or
stops capable of being adjusted to the distance or extent of movement
required. The brake is attached either to the body or to the shafts as
most convenient, and so placed that when the body is in its forward
position in relation to the axletree, as when ascending a hill, the brake
will be kept clear of the wheels, but when the body is in the backward
position, as when descending a hill, the brake will be pressed against
the wheels, and the pressure of this brake is rendered elastic by the
application of springs thereto, which are also capable of adjustment.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TRANSFERRING PHOTOGRAPHS TO WOOD, METAL, IVORY, AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Wilhelm Grüne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th July 1869.
I, FRIEDRICH WILHELM GRÜNE, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TRANSFERRING PHOTOGRAPHS TO WOOD, METAL, IVORY, AND OTHER
SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to transfer photographs to wood, metal,
ivory, and other materials or surfaces for engraving purposes, or for
purposes of ornamentation.
I obtain a photograph by the ordinary collodion process, and apply or
superimpose it face downward on the wood, metal, ivory, or other surface
to which it is to be transferred, fixing the photograph by means of gum,
albumen, gelatine, or other ordinary adhesive substance; I apply alcohol
on the back of the photograph to remove the water or humidity, and I
apply ether, whereby the collodion is removed and the metallic picture
alone remains on the surface, that is to say, the transfer lies on the said
surface in a condition of a metallic image or picture without the

page_text: collodion; thus the transfer is so made as not to leave any layer or
trace of foreign substance or discoloration thereon likely to prejudicially
affect the surface for its intended purpose of engraving or ornamentation.
The block, plate, or surface can then be engraved, or the image may be
fixed by varnish or otherwise for ornamental purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR FLAX, HEMP, Tow, JUTE, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1869..
I, EDWARD CHAPMAN, of Green Dykes Mill, Egremont, in the County
of Cumberland, Flax and Tow Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR FLAX, HEMP,
Tow, JUTE, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application to carding engines of a
rotating roller or rollers covered with pins or teeth working, into the
outer interval between the rollers of the carding, engine, commonly
called the workers, and the clearing rollers or strippers. These addi-
tional rollers, which may be called combers, are placed near the part
where the strippers take the fibres from the workers. The fibres taken
by the cylinder from the feed rollers are carried forward, and in the
usual manner left upon the teeth of the various workers, which are in
their turn cleared by the more rapidly revolving strippers. The combers
with pins or teeth being placed in the manner I have above described

page_text: assist the strippers in combing and straightening the fibres which hang
from the workers, and the fibres carried forward by the combers are
taken by the strippers, and in their turn are cleared by the cylinder
as usual, and thus a combined carding and combing machine is
constituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR UNITING THE PARTS OF GRATES, RANGES, STOVES, AND OTHER CAST-IRON ARTICLES OR STRUCTURES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dickie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 9th
March 1869.
I, JAMES DICKIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR UNITING THE PARTS OF GRATES, RANGES,
STOVES, AND OTHER CAST-IRON ARTICLES OR STRUCTURES," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to various articles or structures such as grates,
ranges, and stoves, which are composed of separate cast-iron pieces
or parts, and it has for its objects reduced expence and increased rigidity
and durability in uniting such parts.
In carrying out the Invention screws are used for uniting the parts,
a hole which is by preference countersunk for the head of the screw
being formed on one of two castings to be united whilst a screw tapped
hole is formed in the corresponding part of the other casting.
The Invention consists in placing iron pins and screws in the moulds,
so that the parts are cast with the holes in them, whilst the pins and

page_text: screws are easily removed from the castings afterwards, the latter by
unscrewing them. In this way the expence of boring and tapping
the holes is saved whilst the sides and screw threads of the holes are
casehardened by the chilling action of the metal pins and screws used
in the mould, and the joints are thus rendered more rigid and durable
than those made in the ordinary way. Where the parts are connected by
hinges a wrought-iron pin to serve for the hinge pin is by this Invention
united to the staple or holding part by such part being cast upon it,
the pin being placed in the corresponding part of the mould prior to
the casting operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS FOR MARINE PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allan and Peter Dale
Nichol at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th July 1869.
We, WILLIAM ALLAN and PETER DALE NICHOL, both of the
Sunderland Engine Works, South Dock, Sunderland, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAM GENERATORS
OR BOILERS FOR MARINE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of the present arrangement is to provide a steam generator
or boiler which shall combine the qualifications of compactness and
suitability to work under high pressures, and at the same time to secure
economy in the manufacture both as regards weight of material and
simplicity of construction. The arrangement consists of vertical boilers
connected in one or more pairs, and of such diameters that a high
pressure may be used without danger. One boiler of each pair has a
furnace by preference with ordinary large cross
with ordinary large cross water tubes for
improving circulation and increasing the evaporative efficiency; along-
side of each of these boilers is another boiler containing a combustion
chamber connected to the furnace of the other boiler of the pair by a
fluc or tube surrounded by a larger tube, and there is a water space

page_text: between. Each combustion chamber contains vertical water tubes.
The gases generated in the furnace boilers pass into the combustion
chambers by the flues or passages above-mentioned, and are there
thoroughly ignited and burnt. The combustion chambers are fitted
with small tubes or air passages passing through the outside shell for
the admission of the necessary amount of air. The steam from all the
boilers passes into a steam receiver, and from cach combustion chamber
the products of combustion are led by a funnel or otherwise into a
casing covering the steam receiver, which also becomes a superheater,
the waste heat or gases surrounding and coming in contact with it on
their passage to the main chimney. The steam receiver is placed above
the two sets of boilers and is connected to them by pipes, which pipes
may contain stop valves, whereby any pair of boilers may be disconnected
from the others. The boilers containing the combustion chambers may
have those chambers constructed with flame tubes in place of water
tubes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS AND FURNITURE FOR DOORS, DRAWERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR OBJECTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Gaine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1869.
I, ALFRED GAINE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention .for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNOBS AND FURNITURE FOR DOORS,
DRAWERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR OBJECTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in making knobs and furniture of the above
description in iron, then japanning them either plain or in imitation of
fancy woods, ivory, or to any required device. The knobs and furniture
are then polished and finished. They may be made in cast iron turned
smooth in a lathe, or in sheet iron if preferred, but in either case they
must be perfectly smooth on the surface before being japanned.