matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER, IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE EXTRACTION OR ALTERATION OF WRITINGS THEREON WITHOUT DETECTION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hilary Nicholas Nissen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th March 1860.
I, HILARY NICHOLAS NISSEN, of Mark Lane, in the City of London,
Engraver and Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER, IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE
EXTRACTION OR ALTERATION OF WRITINGS THEREON WITHOUT DETECTION," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in preparing paper during or after its manufacture
with a solution of iodine, iodide of potassium, and liquor potassæ. I either
use paper so prepared for writing on directly, or with the previous addition of
a pattern, figure, or device impressed thereon from any printing surface, in an
ink or material composed of or prepared with prussiate of potash or any other
mineral or vegetable coloring matter, subject to discoloration on the application
of any of the usual agents employed for the removal of writing ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR GENTLEMENS', LADIES', OR CHILDRENS' WEAR
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Welch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1860.
I, JOSEPH JAMES WELCH, of the Firm of Welch, Margetson, and Company,
of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS FOR GENTLEMENS', LADIES', OR CHILDRENS'
WEAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making the collars at present worn, and known
as "turn-down" collars, in such a manner that they shall be reversible, and
ornamented either on one or both sides. I propose inserting a piece of
ornamented or figured fabric on one side of the collar, of any desired shape or
design, leaving the other side plain, or both sides may be ornamented with
separate patterns, and instead of inserting the piece or pieces they may be
stitched together in the ordinary way of collar making, the object being to use
both sides of the collar instead of only one.
AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Crosman Dinsmore at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1860.-A communication from Rufus Lapham and Riley P.
Wilson, resident at New York, in the United States of America.
I, DAVID CROSMAN DINSMORE, of Boston, in the United States of America,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHURN,"
to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in churning butter by means of the
combined action of compressed or expanded atmosphere and agitation in au
air-tight vessel, the pressure, when the air is compressed, being excited
externally, and when expanded, it is exerted internally upon the globules or
sacks containing fatty matter.
I employ a vessel of suitable shape for agitating the milk or cream in, and
mount or suspend it upon a suitably constructed frame at or about its centre;
this vessel has an air-pump placed on the top or other convenient part, and an
opening formed with an air-tight cover of any suitable mechanical contrivance
for the admission of milk and cream; thus it will be seen that by forcing air
into the churn the globules or sacks containing the fatty matter are thrown
more compactly together, and by moving the vessel speedily for a few minutes
by means of a winch handle the manufacture of the butter is complete.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATING COMPOSITION TO BE USED WITH OTHER LUBRICATORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Clark and John
de la Mare at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd October 1860.
We, WILLIAM HENRY CLARK and JOHN DE LA MARE, both of the Island of
Jersey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
LUBRICATING COMPOSITION TO BE USED WITH OTHER LUBRICATORS," to be as follows:-
Our improved lubricating composition or liquid will be composed of the
following matters in about the following proportions, namely:-30 lbs. of lime;
15 ozs. of soapstone powder, 15 ozs. of calcined magnesia, 2 ozs. of chloride.
of lime, and 2 ozs. of husband magnesia, to which, when mixed together, is to
be added by degrees 32 gallons of water, taking care to keep stirring the
mixture while the water is being added. The mixture should then be allowed
to settle for about four hours, when the liquid may be drawn off, and when.
combined with about equal parts of oil be used as a lubricator. When com-
bined with other lubricators than oil, the proportion of our preparation will be
more or less than half, according to the nature of the lubricating matter to
which it is to be added.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF WATER GUAGE FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Frederic Moulin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
July 1860.
I, LOUIS FREDERIC MOULIN, of No. 4, Rue du Houblon, Brussels, Belgium,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SYSTEM OF WATER GUAGE FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The water guages for steam boilers are usually composed of an upright
glass tube, communicating at the lower part with the water, and at the upper
with the steam, both communications being either opened or closed by suitable
stop-cocks. These glass tubes being held tight by hard metalic rings or nuts
are often broken by the expansion caused by an increase of heat, because the
rings or nuts do not yield. This improvement is intended to obviate this defect
by the interposition of india-rubber rings or other suitable elastic material
between the glass and the metal, the said rings being of a conical shape, with
a circular recess in the large side, are held fast by hollow conical nuts which
squeeze them against the tube, the circular recess allowing the free expansion
of the said tubes, their easy removal, or the introduction of new ones, and
keeping it so much the better steam-tight as the pressure of the steam increases.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CORKSCREWS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Lafayette Byrn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1860.
I, MARCUS LAFAYETTE BYRN, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CORKSCREWS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in combining a gimlet or tapering pointed screw
with a handle, thereby forming an instrument adapted to drawing corks of any
size, from that of the smallest vial to a large bung. The gimlet screw will
enter a cork or bung formed of hard wood as well as cork, and also serves for
breaking the wire or string by which the cork is often retained in bottles
containing gaseous or effervescing liquids.
My improved corkscrew will enter into a cork much better than the usual
twisted steel wire employed for such purposes, and is not likely to penetrate
the cork slanting, or at one side, and break the same; and my said corkscrew is
more easily manufactured, much stronger, more durable and convenient in
use than any instrument heretofore made for such purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COVERING STEEL USED FOR LADIES' CRINOLINES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor Gurney Stone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
December 1860.
I, JOHN TAYLOR GURNEY STONE, of Gopsall Street, Hoxton, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF COVERING STEEL USED FOR LADIES' CRINOLINES AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
The mode heretofore generally practised of covering steel used for ladies'
crinolines has been to encase the same in a woven fabric, the effect of which
is that the steel is liable to corrosion, and further, in the event of the steel
breaking the divided parts protrude, and not only present a distorted appear-
ance of the garments, but such divided parts are liable to tear the same, and
cause injury to the wearer. Now, the object and intention of this Invention
is more particularly to prevent corrosion of the steel, which I propose to effect
by coating or covering the steel with gutta percha; coloring matters may be
mixed with the gutta percha, so that when the steel thus covered is affixed to
a garment, it shall present the appearance of colored stripes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SINGEING OR BURNING THE HAIR OPP PIGS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Andrew Boyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
June 1860.
I, ROBERT ANDREW BOYD, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SINGEING OR BURNING THE HAIR OPP PIGS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been the custom, where singeing has been resorted to, for
removing the hair from pigs, to employ lighted straw for the purpose. Now
my Invention consists in the employment of gas in suitable burners, made to
move over the pig, or of stationary burners, and the pig made to move.
I prefer to employ a shaft, into which the pig is introduced at top, so that
the heated air rising through the shaft, with gas burners at the lower part
thereof, may dry the hair and prepare it for being easily singed off on the
flame from the burners coming in contact therewith.
In some cases I employ a fan or blower in connection with the gas, in
order to direct the flame as required.
My Invention also consists in the employment of a shaft, as above named,
whether the flame be produced from gas or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING STRUCTURES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1860.-A communication from abroad by Thomas Schofield
and Robert Schofield, of Grass Valley, County of Neveda, California,..
United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,.
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature-
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING STRUCTURES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a floating structure on which
the platforms or roadways of bridges, lighthouses, piers, landing stages, and*
other structures may be supported above water in places where the depth of
the water does not allow of the application of the pillars or fixed foundations
commonly used for such structures.
The Invention consists in the employment for the above purpose of a series
of hollow globes or cylinders, which are steadied by balance weights of a
peculiar construction, and which are secured to the ground by suitable chains
and anchors. These hollow globes or cylinders are also furnished with arms
or standards which extend upward for the purpose of supporting the roadway,
platform, or other structure to be erected above water. The hollow globes or
cylinders are also provided with valves and pumps for removing the water
which may find its way into the interior of the globes or cylinders.
MENTS IN OBTAINING ALBUMEN OR ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCE FOR USE WITH PIGMENTS IN CALICO PRINTING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1860.
I, JOHN DALE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN OBTAINING ALBUMEN OR ANALOGOUS SUBSTANCE FOR USE WITH PIGMENTS
IN CALICO PRINTING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in obtaining albumen, or a substance similar to
what is commonly called albumen, from the roe of fish. This substance I
obtain by the simple process of dissolving it out from the roe, and the solution
I evaporate in vacuo, to avoid coagulation; or the albumen, when dis-
solved out, may be precipitated, and subsequently liquified in any suitable
solvent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING CHLORINE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Binks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June-
1860.
I, CHRISTOPHER BINKS, of Parliament Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING CHLORINE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the economical production of chlorine, and it.
consists in effecting the decomposition of hydrochloric acid through the agency
of oxygen gas mixed with or brought in contact with the hydrochloric acid
under a high temperature, and the conjoint action of any substance or sub-
stances capable of retaining or of fixing, by combination or otherwise; the water
formed by the reactions between the oxygen and the hydrogen of the hydro-
chloric acid, but not capable of retaining or of fixing the chlorine, which is thus
liberated in its gaseons form.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC TARGETS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Price at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1860.
I, GEORGE PRICE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Iron Safe
and Lock Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN METALLIC TARGETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of combining steel and wrought iron in such a
manner as when formed into plates or sheets for targets they shall not be
liable to breakage like those made of steel only, nor be indented by balls fired
from any description of rifle as when made of wrought iron only. I produce
wrought-iron sheets or plates with a surface of steel on one or both sides, and
of any required thickness in the course of their manufacture, i.e., by piling the
iron and steel together to form the "pile" or "billet," of which the plate or
sheet is produced by passing through the rolls. Any desirable kind or quality
of steel may be used, and the hardening of the steel surface may be effected
by any of the usual methods employed in hardening steel.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN MOULDS FOR MAKING PRESSED GLASS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Sowerby and
Samuel Neville at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th February 1860.
We, JOHN SOWERBY and SAMUEL NEVILLE, of Gateshead, in the County of
Durham, Glass Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN MOULDS FOR MAKING PRESSED GLASS," to be
as follows:-
In the moulds for pressing glass as at present constructed, there is a bottom,
a body, and top ring; the latter working on a hinge carried on an upright
connected to a part of the bottom projecting beyond the body. A catch is
hinged upon a pin projecting from the opposite side of the body to that from
which the upright rises, and with this catch the handle of the top ring is
secured. When fastened, the top ring and body of the mould are held down
fast on to the bottom. A plug of the interior shape of the article to be
moulded fits down into the body, and the glass is pressed between the body
and the plug, and the thickness of the top or rim of the glass is determined
by the top ring.
Now our improvement consists in holding the body of the mould down on
to the bottom thereof by means of pins or trunnions, which enter suitable holes
made for their reception in the bottom, and in forming a flange on the top of
the plug to determine the thickness of the glass at the top or rim; wo are
thus enabled to dispense with the top ring, upright hinge, and catch.
IMPROVE-- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Paul at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May:
1860.
I, GEORGE PAUL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,.
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE--
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING YARN OR THREAD," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for winding yarn.
or thread upon bobbins or other holders, and has principally for object the
obtainment of increased uniformity in finish and in other respects. In
machines of the class to which the present improvements have more particular
reference, one application of pressure for obtaining the desired tension and
compression of the thread is made for the entire series of bobbins being filled
at one time, such pressure being imperfectly adjusted for each bobbin by
means of a screw upon the link, transmitting the pressure to each fly or layer-
In the same way the extra pressure usually applied to the last layer or
layers of the thread has hitherto been obtained by a single action. By the
present Invention, however, the requisite pressure is applied independently to.
each bobbin, whilst the ordinary movement is retained for simultaneously
releasing the whole of the bobbins when full. Weights or springs may be
applied in various ways to impart the pressure, but it is preferred to use
weights, one being applied to the fly or layer-on of each bobbin, and being
rendered capable of adjustment either as to leverage or quantity; then, if
on.

page_text: the extra finishing pressure is to be applied to the last two (or other number of)
layers wound on the bobbin, a supplementary weight is provided, which does
not act until the increasing thickness of thread on the bobbin raises a lever a
determinate distance. A spring may be substituted for the supplementary
weight, or a single spring or weight may be contrived to act with a gradually
or otherwise increasing pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart and
Joseph Durham Erskine Huddart at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st February 1860.
We, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART and JOSEPH DURHAM ERSKINE HUDDART,
both of Brynkir, in the County of Caernarvon, Gentlemen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain motive power by loading a wheel
in such a manner that the specific gravity of the load on one side shall always
exceed that of the other, and thereby ensure its continuous rotation so long as
the mechanism is desired to operate. The load proposed to be applied to the
wheel may consist, for example, of a series of cylinders open at one end, and
fitted each with a weighted piston, which closes them air-tight. The cylinders
are placed around the wheel, and the whole of the apparatus is to be immersed
in water or other liquid. The cylinders are to be filled with air or other
aeriform body, and the weighted pistons, as they come round to the position
for pressing upon the air or gas contained in their respective cylinders will
compress that fluid, and thus the buoyancy of the cylinder will be pro-
portionately reduced. When, however, the weighted piston becomes pendent,
it will act in the opposite direction and expand the confined air or gas, and
thereby increase the buoyancy of its cylinder; thus each cylinder will be
constantly presenting to the central wheel a varying specific gravity. And it is

page_text: this increase or decrease in the specific gravity of the parts forming the load
which is made available for driving the wheel, and thereby producing motive
power.
Instead of employing a dead weight for compressing and expanding the
confined air, a cam or other equivalent mechanical means may be adopted.
The load may also, if preferred, be carried by an endless chain passing over a
pair of chain wheels.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING, CLEANING, OR. SEPARATING PARTICLES OF METAL FROM OTHER REFUSE MATTER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Lewis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1860.
I, EDWIN LEWIS, Refiner and Metal Dealer, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING, CLEANING, OR. SEPARATING PARTICLES OF
METAL FROM OTHER REFUSE MATTER," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention more particularly applies to an apparatus to be used for
separating and recovering particles of metal that are found mixed with the
dirt or sweepings of shops and manufactories occupied in the manufacture or
working of articles of precious or other metals or metallic alloys desired to be
separated and recovered from other grosser matter. My apparatus consists of
a cylinder fitted with a long narrow mouth and regulated stopper, through this
cylinder I place an axis, which works through stuffing boxes at the end; to
this axis I apply radial fans or forks. The apparatus thus prepared I place
on a suitable stand, with glands for the axis to rest on. The cylinder will be
then in a horizontal position, and so arranged as to be capable of being turned,
so as to elevate or depress the mouth before referred to; on the outer end of
the shaft or axis a bandle may be applied, for giving motion to the radial arms
or projecting forks within the cylinder; or a fast and loose pulley may be
placed on the shaft or axis, so that it may be put in motion by steam or other
auxiliary power. The top of the cylinder is fitted with a trap or door, into

page_text: which the dirt or matter desired to be cleaned or separated is placed, and by
means of a pipe suitably placed, a regulated stream of water is allowed to flow
into it, during which time the axis with its radial agitators is set in motion,
which so agitates the dirt in the water as to separate the metallic particles
from the lighter matter, which being mingled with the water will flow over the
lower edge of the mouth and escape, and by continuing this process sufficiently
long the dirt will be separated from the metal and carried off, and by stopping
the supply of water, and gradually lowering the mouth of the cylinder, the
metal portion will settle at the bottom to be removed, when a fresh charge
may be supplied. And although I have described this apparatus as being
useful for washing or separating the dirt from metal works, nevertheless it is
also applicable for separating metal from the silicious or other matter with
which it is found mixed in an unsmelted or refined state from the mine, the
said mine or ore with which it may be mixed being pulverized and reduced to
a fine granulated state before being placed in my apparatus. to be separated.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN ADAPTING BEADWORK AND BUGLEWORK TO HARNESS AND WHIP HANDLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1860.
I, WILLIAM BEARD, of 62, Cannon Street West, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ADAPTING BEADWORK AND BUGLEWORK TO HARNESS AND WHIP
HANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in taking wire (annealed brass wire being preferred)
and twisting or binding the same around the article to which the beadwork or
buglework is to be applied, the said beadwork or buglework being first applied
to the said wire by being strung thereon as required to produce the pattern or
device intended to be brought out. Instead of the beads being first threaded
on the wire, the wire may be applied to the article, and the beads threaded on
from time to time as required. This beadwork. will admit of ornamental
devices, or even names or initials being produced in the articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TROMBONES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Midgley, John Sugden, and
William Clapham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 31st December 1860.
We, JOHN MIDGLEY, JOHN SUGDEN, and WILLIAM CLAPHAM, all of Keighley,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TROMBONES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in wind instruments known
as "trombones," and consists in forming such instruments (either in brass,
copper, silver, or other suitable metal) with four slides, thus giving greater
length of tube and obtaining a deeper, fuller, and much richer tone than instru-
ments of the ordinary construction, and for this reason we denominate them
the "four-slide or double-slide contra-bass trombones."
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Jullion at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1860.
I, JOHN LOUIS JULLION, of Tynemouth, in the County of Northumberland,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improvement in the manufacture of paper relates to a
novel or improved preparation to be used in engine-sizing paper. My Inven-
tion consists in the use of an easily fusible resinous soap for engine-sizing.
instead of the aluminous soap at present employed. A variety of salts may be,
used for this purpose, but for their cheapness and fusibility I employ, by
preference, either sulphate of zinc or sulphate of alumina and zinc.
AN IMPROVED WINDOW BLIND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Howard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May
1860.
I, WILLIAM HOWARD, of 28, Great Russell Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED WINDOW BLIND," to be as follows:-
This improved window blind is intended principally to be used as a sun blind,
and to be applied to the exterior of a window, but it may also be used as an
interior blind. The fabric of which the blind is formed is woven in a loom,
and is composed of thin narrow laths or strips of wood (white deal by pre-
ference), interwoven with twine. The twine which forms the warp is passed
through the reed in sections or groups of three or four together, with an
interval of two or three inches between each group, or it may be arranged in
any other suitable manner. The thin strips of wood (about half an inch in
width) which form the weft are placed in the shed by hand and extend across
the fabric the full width of the blind. The upper end of the blind is fastened
to a stout grooved lath provided with hooks or eyes for attaching the same to
the window, and the lower end of the blind is provided with a piece of half-
round beading, which serves as a roller. A cord is attached to about the
centre of the grooved lath, and passes downwards under the lower end of the
blind and up again over two small pullies in the groove in the top lath and
hangs down at the side of the blind. Upon pulling this cord the blind is
drawn up, rolling itself round the half-round beading at its lower end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES OP AND APPARATUS FOR UNWINDING SILK FROM Cocoons
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th July 1860.-A communication from Pasquale Andervalt and
Giuseppe Piazza, both resident at Tricst (Illyria).
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echequier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESSES
OP AND APPARATUS FOR UNWINDING SILK FROM Cocoons," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, 1stly, in submitting the silken filaments, after
their extraction from the cocoons, to the action of water or other suitable
fluid at a high temperature, while steeping the cocoons themselves in liquid
heated to but a moderate degree.
2dly, in the arrangement of apparatus by means of which this mode of
treatment may be carried out.
The ends of the filaments being taken up as in the ordinary method the
cocoons are placed in a steeping vessel of water or other suitable liquid heated
to, say about 20° or 30° centigrade. The required number of these filaments
are then carried through a small spiral in glass, metal, or other suitable
matter fitted to the framework of the apparatus, and from thence are passed
as a single thread over a grooved guide wheel-into-a-recipient-charged-with-
water or other suitable fluid heated up to 100° centigrade, or even more, if
necessary. In this recipient is mounted another grooved wheel or roller,
under which the thread is passed to secure its constant exposure to the heated

page_text: fluid, the degree of immersion being regulated by a lever or other mechanism.
On egressing from the recipient the thread is carried over a third guide wheel
or roller, and from thence passes to the ordinary see-saw gear and reel
mounted at any desired point. The apparatus thus constructed may be
worked by any convenient motor, and may be readily applied either wholly or
in part to most of the winding machinery at present in use.
It may be observed, that the above arrangement is but one among many
mechanical combinations by which the desired result may be obtained, and
that though presenting certain advantages, from its simplicity it may be
replaced by others of similar nature, as, for instance, by a modification of
the heating apparatus known in Italy as the "termosifone" ("thermo-
syphon.”)
The main object in view is to provide, as above noted, for the continuous
passage of the filaments on their extraction from the cocoons through a fluid
medium at a high temperature, while maintaining the cocoons themselves in a
bath moderately heated, and this, it is obvious, may be obtained by many
varieties of apparatus more or less similar to the one above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ALARUM LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Mackrow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1860.
I, ISAAC MACKROW, of Woodstock Road, Poplar, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ALARUM LOCKS AND LATCHES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to give warning to the inmates of houses of
any attempt at entry from the outside of street or shop doors, the warning
being given before such entry is effected. Upon the upper and lower sides of
the lock case are formed bosses, in which are placed pinions working in racks,
one cut on the top of the key bolt, the other on the under side of the spring
bolt, thus either one can be withdrawn by turning a handle without the use of
a key, and dispensing with the costly mechanism usually in the interior of
locks. On the upper side of the end of the key bolt (which passes through
the striking box) is placed a trigger taking into a slot at the end of a vertical
rod attached by a spring to a bell or bells placed in any desired part of the
house, so that upon any attempt to withdraw the bolt the spring rod becomes
disengaged, which sets the bell or bells in motion, thus giving the required
alarm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS FOR ROLLING AND CRUSHING LAND
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Sutton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May 1860.
I, DANIEL SUTTON, of Broad Street, Banbury, Oxen, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLERS
FOR ROLLING AND CRUSHING LAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of rollers
for rolling and crushing land. For these purposes each roller is composed of
one or more series of narrow rollers, but in place of all the rollers of a series
being mounted on a common axis or shaft, each narrow roller moves on its
own axis, which is carried by an upright bar, which is attached to a lever, and
the series of levers are mounted and move on an axis above the series of
rollers and according to the nature and state of the land the levers have a
greater or less amount of pressure put on them by varying the positions and
amount of weight on the levers; or in place of weights being used for this
purpose, springs may be employed to act on the separate sections of a roller.
By these arrangements each narrow section of a roller can rise and fall in-
dependently of the others. Each roller, whether composed of one or more
series of narrow rollers, is mounted in a suitable framing and provision is made
for applying wheels thereto, in order to facilitate their being moved from one
place to another without the rollers coming to the surface of the road on
which they are moved. The peripheries of the narrow rollers may be mado
plain or suitable for crushing and breaking up the surface of land.
MENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING OR PREVENTING THE EMISSION OF SMOKE
Year: 1860

page_text: Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1860.
I, JOHN BRINKLEY, of Carrickfergus, in the County of Antrim, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING OR PREVENTING THE EMISSION OF SMOKE," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of furnaces in
such manner that the combustible portion of the smoke which arises from the
burning fuel is ignited, and the emission of visible smoke from the chimney is
prevented.
Under one modification, which is adapted for stationary furnaces of all
kinds, the fire bridge at the end of the furnace is built of brick in such
manner as to leave a longitudinal opening extending across the furnace and
down through it, so as to communicate with the ash-pit beneath. If preferred
the bridge may be formed of cast iron, fire-clay, or other suitable material, the
longitudinal opening being formed therein in any convenient way during the
process of manufacture. Below the opening in the bridge an aperture is
formed in the brickwork which encloses the ash-pit; this aperture com-
municates with the external air, and it is fitted with a valve to regulate the
admission of the air. A convenient form of valve for this purpose consists of
a circular plate having radial openings,. which are opened or closed by means

page_text: of a face plate rotating in contact with it. The outer portion of the spindle
to which the face plate is attached is squared, so that by means of a box-
ended key more or less air may be allowed to pass up through the bridge.
The admission of the air at this part causes the combustible gases to burst into
flames, and the perfect combustion of these gases is effected by admitting
another current of air at the mouth of each flue, into which the smoke passes
before reaching the chimney. It is preferred to make this opening at the
upper part of the flue, and to control the admission of the external air by
means of a valve similar to the one used in the ash-pit. In this way the flame
which arises from the more effective combustion of the gaseous matters may
be shut off from any particular flue if desired, the non-admission of the air,
however, causing a partial emission of smoke. This mode of admitting air to
insure the proper ignition of the combustible matters in the smoke may, with
suitable modifications of arrangement, be applied to the furnaces of marine and
locomotive engines, and thus not only do away with the nuisance of smoke,
but greatly economise the consumption of fuel:,
AN IMPROVED MODE OF COUPLING THE RAILS. OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
August 1860. A communication from abroad by Joseph M. Heard, of
Prairie Station, Monroe County, State of Mississippi, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF COUPLING THE RAILS.
OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to connect together the abutting ends of rails
in a manner that will allow of the expansion and contraction of the rails con-
sequent on the changes of temperature, and provide against the jarring, and
consequently the wearing loose and springing of the rails at the joints occasioned
by the concussion of passing and repassing trains over the rails, and also against
lateral thrust of the rails at the joints. For this purpose, supposing the ordinary
T-rails to be used, the head is cut away for a given distance from one side of
the abutting rails to make the head flush with the neck of the rail, and the
portions thus removed from the adjoining rails are made good by a filling piece,
which restores the contour of the coupled rails. In the ends of the rails a
horizontal slot is cut, and a rib or projection on the inner face of this filling
piece enters and fills the slots, and projects slightly beyond the neck of the
rails. At each extremity of these rails, and forming part with it, are screw
bolts, which are intended to project through bolt holes in a fishing plate on

page_text: the other side of the joint to that on which the filling piece is situate. The
fish plate and the filling plate are secured to the rails by means of screw bolts,
which pass through round holes made therein, and elongated holes made in the
rails. These coupling pieces fill the hollow in the sides of the rails (at their
extremities) and thus serve to strengthen the head of the rail, the rail's neck,
and the entire joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Birkbeck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1860.-A communication from abroad by Gabriel Perrin,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, GEORGE HENRY BIRKBECK, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, of 34,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agents and Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The apparatus which is the subject of this Invention is applicable to electro-
magnets for the purpose of obtaining an indefinite length of current, pre-
serving the same attractive force whatever may be the distance which is given
to the armature. This arrangement of electro-magnetic apparatus admits of the
construction of very powerful electro-motors for obtaining power, applicable to
a variety of purposes. The arrangement of apparatus preferred according to this
Invention consists of a series of cylindrical pieces of soft iron, (which may be
of other forms), placed a short distance apart, and connected together by
means of copper slotted links and set screws capable of adjusting and varying
the distance apart of the cylinders or other forms of soft iron. The series of
cylinders is placed in the interior of a coil of an electro-magnet, and the barrel
on which the coil is wound is of such a size that the cylinders of soft iron and
their connections can pass into the interior of its circumference without
touching, rods of non-conducting material being employed to retain the parts
in position; apparatus thus arranged furnished with apparatus of attraction is

page_text: applicable to electro-magnets of every form, and may have two arms straight
or of other form, and a suitable armature or armatures adapted thereto. By
this arrangement an indefinite number of pieces of soft iron may be connected
and a current obtained as long as desired, the power of attraction increasing
with the length of the cylinders so connected. The diameter and length of the
cylinders and their distance apart may be varied, and the diameter and length
of the magnetizing coil may also be varied according to the effect which is
desired to be obtained, and when the dimensions of the apparatus will permit,
the copper connecting links may be sunk in slots in the sides of the cylinders
of soft iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A PAPER SUITABLE FOR PREVENTING FORGERY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bartlett Hooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1860.
I, BARTLETT HOOPER, of 43, King William Street, London Bridge,
Chymist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A PAPER SUITABLE FOR PREVENTING FORGERY," to be
as follows:-
I manufacture the paper in the ordinary way, but I first mix with the pulp
a portion of sesqui or peroxyde of iron, or of the oxyde known as the black
oxyde, but I do not confine myself particularly to using these oxydes in their
pure state, as I may previously dissolve them in hydrochloric acid or other
acids before mixing them with the "pulp;" or I may impregnate the paper
with the solution in its further process of manufacture before sizing it; or
I may impregnate any paper after it is completely made and sized.
The advantage of my buff colored paper is that common writing ink,
a soluble tanno-gallate of the protoxyde of iron, becomes when used on this
paper converted by the presence of the peroxyde of iron therein into an
insoluble tanno-gallate of the peroxyde of iron, penetrating deeply into the
paper; thus chemicals employed to remove the writing are required to be so
strong, that the paper is so bleached or otherwise stained that the attempt is
plainly visible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING, INSULATING, AND PRESERVING TELEGRAPHIC WIRES AND CABLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Keirby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1860.
I, EDWARD KEIRBY, of Gatehead Mill, Greetland, near Halifax, in the
County of York, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING, INSULATING, AND PRESERVING
TELEGRAPHIC WIRES AND CABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in covering such wires and cables with yarn of hemp,
tow, flax, or other fibrous substance saturated in a mixture of native as-
phaltum or coal-tar pitch and gas tar, or other oily substance, by which they
are insulated and preserved from decay.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF LAST AND BOOT TREES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1860. A communication from abroad by Auguste Nicolas
Jacquier, Paris, France, Last and Tree Maker.
1, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge & Son, 4, Wel-
Jington Street South, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents, do bereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF LAST AND BOOT TREES," communicated to me from abroad by
Auguste Nicolas Jacquier, Paris, France, Last and Tree Maker, to be as
follows:-
It is proposed to adapt to the lathes in ordinary use an oval platform or
plate, so disposed as to reproduce the different shapes of lasts which may be
required. The lathe is supported on a wooden staging, and regulated by a
moveable chariot.
It is unnecessary to describe the different parts of the lathe, as it will
not differ from those already known, and this description will, therefore, be
confined to the oval plate, which is of cast iron, and rests in a groove of bronzo;
a bronze ring serves to attain the to-and-fro, and the groove lengthens or
shortens as the plate or platform may require. The oval is regulated by the
These
ring, to which two T's in steel are adapted by two recall screws.
screws serve to regulate the T-pieces; two wrought-iron slides maintain the
bronze groove, and these slides are arrested by four buttons with six-sided

page_text: heads. A mandrel of cast iron or other metal, having the form of a shoe last,
is fixed against the screw of the plate; beneath the mandrel are placed pieces
supporting the last which is to be reproduced. The reproducing tool in the
shape of a gouge, of form appropriate to the work required, has the advantage
of finishing the lasts, that is to say, of polishing them, which is not the case
with the apparatus hitherto used, the lasts from which require the further
manual operations of smoothing and polishing; the to-and-fro movement of the
reproducing tool is regulated by a spiral spring. A pressure vase serves to fix
the oval, and the counter point of the lathe fixes the reproducing instrument.
This counterpoint, which should be of cast iron, is upheld by a cannon,
furnished with a hand recall screw, and at the end of which is a fly wheel. The
chariot or carriage may, if desired, travel without the aid of a pulley, and be
set in motion by a crank handle; the cast-iron support of the chariot has
two slides and two recall screws, which servo to advance the reproducing
tool.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF EMPLOYING TAN OR SPENT BARK FOR CHEMICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lorberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1860.
I, WILLIAM LORBERG, of Number 34, Saint Mary-at-Hill, in the City of
London, and of Wellington Road, in the County of Surrey, Commission
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF EMPLOYING TAN OR SPENT BARK FOR CHEMICAL PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
The forming the tan or spent bark either alone or in combination with some
adhesive substance, such as tar, by strong pressure, into convenient cakes or
bars, and then subjecting it to the usual process of dry distillation, in order to
obtain the ordinary products of dry distillation of wood, namely, naptha, acetic
acid, tar, charcoal, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING STONE, BRICKS, AND OTHER POROUS BUILDING MATERIALS, AND IN CEMENTING POROUS AND OTHER MATTERS IN MANU- FACTURING BLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREOF
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ransome at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1860.
I, FREDERICK RANSOME, of Ipswich, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING STONE, BRICKS, AND OTHER POROUS
BUILDING MATERIALS, AND IN CEMENTING POROUS AND OTHER MATTERS IN MANU-
FACTURING BLOCKS AND OTHER ARTICLES THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preserving stone, bricks,
and other porous building materials, and in cementing porous and other
matters in manufacturing blocks and other articles thereof, and consists in the
application of rosin, shellac, and other gums or analogous substances insoluble
in water, dissolved in alkaline or saline solutions. And in order to preserve
stone, bricks, and other porous building materials, such solutions can be
applied to the exterior surfaces, or by immersing the material therein, and they
are caused to penetrate more or less into the interior thereof; and in some
cases the solutions are mixed or combined with soluble silicates, and the two
are used to coat, and for more or less impregnating the stone, bricks, or other
porous building materials; and may then be rendered insoluble in water by
means well known for rendering soluble silicates insoluble when used to
impregnate porous matters; and the alkaline solutions of rosin, shellac, and
other gums or analogous substances insoluble in water, with or without soluble
silicates, are employed for cementing ground or pulverized stone, sand, and
other matters to form or produce blocks and other articles in moulds or
otherwise.