THE PREPARATION AND APPLICA TION OF CERTAIN NEW HEMOSTATIC AND ANTISEPTIC SANTO "
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Alexis Francisse Bobœuf, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Chemist, for the Invention of "THE PREPARATION AND APPLICA
TION OF CERTAIN NEW HEMOSTATIC AND ANTISEPTIC SANTO "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Alexis Francisso
Boboeuf at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 80th September 1861.
I, PIERRE ALEXIS FRANCISSE BODŒUR, of Paris, in the French Empire,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PRE-
PARATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN NEW HEMOSTATIC AND ANTISEPTIC AGENTS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacturo and application as hemostatic
agents of alkalino "phenates," and salts obtained by means of mineral and
vegetable essential oils soluble in caustic potash or soda.
By my Invention I obtain new hemostatic agents superior to any hitherto
known by using alkaline salts, produced either by phenic acid (no matter the
nature of the substances from which this acid is derived), or by acid oils
saponifiable and soluble in caustic soda, or potash, derived from vegetable and
mineral essential oils, especially coal, pent, wood, and ligneous oils, acid oils which,
when not actually phenic acid, are logs or homologous (such as creosote),

page_text: and possess, like phenic acid, the same hemostatic properties. The following
is one of the best processes for obtaining these various alkaline salts:-
Method of preparing alkalines phenates.-Take raw coal oil (peat or wool
oils are equally good), and stir into it, either cold or under a low heat, about
the sixth of its weight of caustic soda of 36"; then pour into a vessel in which
there is a tap at bottom, and allow the mixture to settle at least 2 hours, and
if time permit twelve hours, two different layers will be formed, the one thick,
the other black and viscous, which latter remains at the lower part of the
vessel, and is the phenate of sola. I style conventionally phenates the combina-
tion, if any, of the acid oils with alkalis, because among these acid oils phenic
acid is almost always found. Open the tap and draw off the phenate, which
will run slowly until the second layer is reached. This layer is composed of
the neutral oils, which are recognized by their fluidity and limpidity. If the
soda is well saturated by the acid oils the phenate should not mark more than
16° to 17° Beaumé. If it should make 22° or 25° there would be an excess of
base, and it would be necessary to mix it up with fresh raw coal oil, in order
to ensure the obtaining of a neutral salt. Add water to the phenate until it only
makes 8° Beaumé. Two layers will again be formed. The lower layer is again
the new phenate of soda, and the upper layer a thick oil, which will become
reconstituted under the influence of the water. Draw off the new phenate to use
as required, adding water to bring it down to the desired degree; for fresh cuts
and wounds apply it at a strength of 5°, for old wounds, which have ceased
bleeding, at 2° only. The oil reconstituted by the addition of the water is a
composition of acid oils, neutral oils, and napthaline oils, and may be used to
produce new alkaline phenates by treating four parts of it with ono part of
caustic soda, stirring, drawing off, and so on, as for the first phenate. After the
addition of water, napthaline only, which was in solution among the acid oils,
would rise.
Should it be desirable to use only phenic acid or acid oils previously
extracted, one part of phenic acid or acid oils should be mixed with at least
two-thirds their weight of caustic soda or potash marking 36°; the mixture
should be slightly heated, well stirred, and water added to bring down tho
alkaline salt to 8°, heat up to boiling point for about two minutes, withdraw
the heat and allow tho mixture to settle, decant the supernatant oils, and
dilute down to 5°. To ensure the alkaline salts diluted to 5° being perfectly
neutral, and without excess of base, it is better again to stir them again cold,
and add either fresh phenic acid or fresh acid oil, allow to settle and filter.
The phenates or alkaline salts obtained and prepared as before described are
applied to stop hemorrhage as follows:-If tho hemorrhage is the result of a

page_text: utting instrument, take a compress folded in four folds, and dip it in an arkanne
solution of phenate of soda at 5°, and place it on the wound, its application
causes neither pain nor irritation; press the compress and apply on the outside
hrough a camel hair brush or otherwise, more of the alkaline solution.
Should the blood flow through it apply a similar compress and act as with
the first, and so on, and rarely if ever will it be found that the hemorrhage
is not entirely arrested after the fourth compress; this is the effect produced.
The blood which escapes will coagulate on contact with the alkaline phonate
contained in the first compress, and will form a black precipitate. If the
quantity of phenate of soda contained in the four folds of the first compress is
not sufficient to coagulate all the albumen in the blood which flows, that result
will be obtained by the second, third, or fourth compress. Tho albumen will
form a solid body which will stop the hemorrhage either by its coagulation or
by contraction of the tissues in contact with the alkaline solution. If the
hemorrhage results from a bayonet wound, or from a ball, inject the same
succession, then fill the wound with
alkaline solution two or three times
lint soaked with the solution. Three or four hours after the bleeding has
stopped care must be taken to remove carefully all the compresses placed upon
or over the first, as the blood with which they become impregnated becomes
exceedingly hard. Even should they adhere strongly remove them only after
some days. When so strongly adherent to the skin they take the place of
collodion. The superiority of these alkaline salts as hemostatic agents arises
from the fact that in addition to the property they possess of cogulating tho
albumen of the blood like the perchloride of iron, they also have the effect
of insensibilising the edges of the wound, and cause the injured tissues to
contract and to harden by acting upon them in a similar manner to tannic acid.
The "phenates" and alkaline salts, as well as being applied in a liquid state,
may be used dry as hereafter explained.
To obtain the phenates in a dry and divided state. First, dip compresses,
lint, or any other fabric once or oftener in concentrated phenates, and dry after
each immersiou. Then when required for use damp the material with a little
water. Various fabrics, cloths, paper, and the like may be prepared before
hand by adding adhesive substances, such as gum or paste, to concentrated
alkalino phenates, and paying them over or covering them with as many coats
as may be desired. Second, impregnate inert substances with the alkaline
phenates, such as carbons, insoluble earthy salts, and oxides, and dry them
and damp them or not for use. I say damp them or not because for many
purposes they may be used with great advantage in a dry and pulverised state,
and will act differently in that to the liquid state; dry, they may be used as

page_text: antiseptics. Again, to produce more energetic phenates in a dry and pulverised
state, I use insoluble phenates such as those of limo and baryta phenates,
which are obtained by double decomposition by pouring a soluble salt of opo
of the substances above indicated in a solution of phenate of soda or of potash.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Pierre Alexis Francisse Bobocuf in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th March 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
ALEXIS FRANCISSE BOBŒUF, of Paris, in the French Empire, Chemist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by IIer Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Ierself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Pierre Alexis Francisso Boboeuf, Ier special licence that I, tho
said Pierre Alexis Francisso Boboouf, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Pierre Alexis Francisso Boboeuf, my executors,
administrators and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN NEW
HEMOSTATIC AND ANTISEPTIC AGENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Pierre Alexis Francisse Boboeuf, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and causo
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Pierre Alexis Francisse Boboeuf, my do
hereby declaro the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
samo is to bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture and application as hemostatic
agents of alkaline "phenates," and salts obtained by means of mineral and
vegetable essential oils, soluble in caustic potash or s: da.

page_text: By my Invention I obtain new hemostatic agents, superior to any hitherto
known, by using alkaline salts, produced cither by phenic acid (no matter tho
nature of the substances from which this acid is derived), or by acid oils,
saponifiablo and solublo in caustic soda or potash, derived from vegetablo
and mineral essential oils, especially coal, peat, wood, and ligneous oils, acid
oils, which, when not actually phenic acid, are analogous or homologous
(such as creosote), and possess, like phenic acid, the same hemostatic proper-
ties. The following is one of the best processes for obtaining these various
alkaline salts.
Method of preparing alkaline phonates:-Tako raw coal oil (peat or
wood oils are equally good,) and stir into it, either cold or under a low heat,
about the sixth of its weight of caustic soda of 36°, then pour into a vessel
in which there is a tap at bottom, and allow the mixture to settlo at least
two hours, and if time permit twelve hours; two different layers will bo
formed, the one thick, the other black and viscous, which latter remains
at the lower part of the vessel, and is the phenate of soda. I style con-
ventionally phenates, tho combination of any of the acid oils with alkalis,
because among these acid oils phenic acid is almost always found. Open
the tap and draw off tho phenate, which will run slowly until the second
layer is reached. This layer is composed of tho neutral oils, which are
recognized by their fluidity and limpidity. If the soda is well saturated by
the acid oils, the phenate should not mark more than 16° to 17° Beaumé. If
it should mark 22 or 25 degrees, thero would be an excess of base, and it
would be necessary to mix it up with fresh raw coal oil, in order to ensuro
the obtaining of a neutral salt. Add water to the phenate until it only marks
8 degrees Beaumé. Two layers will again bo formed. The lower layer is
again the new phenate of soda, and the upper layer a thick oil, which will
become reconstituted under the influenco of the water. Draw off the new
phenate to uso as required, adding water to bring it down to the desired
degree. For fresh cuts and wounds, apply it at a strength of five degrees;
for old wounds which have ceased bleeding at two degrees only. The oil re-
constituted by the addition of the water is a composition of acid oils, neutral
oils, and naphthaline oils, and may be used to produce new alkaline phenates
by treating four parts of it with one part of caustic soda, stirring, drawing off,
and so on, as for the first phenate. After the addition of water, naphtha-
line only, which was in solution among the acid oils, would rise.
Should it be desirable to use only phenic acid, or acid oils previously
extracted, ono part of phenic acid or of acid oils should be mixed with at
least two-thirds their weight of caustic soda or potash marking 36 degrees,

page_text: the mixture should be slightly heated, well stirred, and water added to bring
down the alkaline salt to 8 degrees, heat up to boiling point for about
two minutes, withdraw the heat and allow the mixture to settle, decant tho
supernatant oils, and dilute down to five degrees. To ensure the alkaline salts
diluted to five degrees being perfectly neutral and without excess of base, it
is better again to stir them again cold, and add either fresh phenic acid or
fresh acid oil; allow to settle and filter. The phenates or alkaline salts
obtained and prepared as before described aro applied to stop hemorrhage as
follows: If the hemorrhago is the result of a cutting instrument, take a
compress folded in four folds, and dip it in an alkaline solution of phenate
of soda at five degrees and place it on tho wound; its application causes
neither pain nor irritation, press the compress, and apply on the outside,
through a camel hair brush or otherwise, more of the alkaline solution.
Should the blood flow through it, apply a similar compress, and act as with
the first, and so on, and rarely, if ever, will it be found that the hemorrhage
is not entirely arrested after the fourth compress. This is the effect pro-
duced: The blood which escapes will coagulato on contact with the alkaline
phenato contained in the first compress, and will form a black precipitate.
If the quantity of phenate of soda contained in the four folds of the first
compress is not sufficient to coagulate all the albumen in the blood which
flows, that result will be obtained by the second, third, or fourth compress.
The albumen will form a solid body which will stop the hemorrhage, either
by its coagulation or by contraction of the tissues in contact with the alkalino
solution. If the hemorrhage results from a bayonet wound or from a ball,
inject the same alkaline solution two or three times in succession, then fill
the wound with lint soaked with the solution. Three or four hours after
the bleeding has stopped, care must be taken to remove carefully all the com-
presses placed upon or over the first, as tho blood with which they become im-
pregnated becomes exceedingly bard. Even should they adhere strongly, removo
them only after some days. When so strongly adherent to the skin, they
take the place of collodion. The superiority of these alkaline salts as hemos-
tatic agents arises from the fact, that in addition to the property they possess
of coagulating the albumen of the blood like the perchloride of iron, they also
have the effect of insensibilising the edges of the wound, and cause the injured
tissues to contract and to harden by acting upon them in a similar manner
to tannic acid. The phenates and alkalino salts as well as being applied
in a liquid state may be used dry as hereafter explained.
.
To obtain tho phenates in a dry and divided state; 1st, dip compresses
lint, or any other fabric onco or oftener in concentrated phonates and dry

page_text: after each immersion. Then when required for use, damp tho material
with a little water. Various fabrics, cloths, paper and the like may be
prepared beforehand by adding adhesive substances, such as gum or paste,
to concentrated alkaline phenates, and paying them over or covering them
with as many coats as may be desired; 2nd, impregnate with the alkaline
phenates, inert substances, such as carbons, insoluble earthy salts, and oxides,
and dry them and damp them or not for use. I say damp them or not
because for many purposes they may be used with great advantago in a dry
and pulverised state, and will act differently in that to the liquid state; dry
they may be used as antiseptics. Again, to produce more energetic phenates
in a dry and pulverised state, I use insoluble phenates, such as those of lime
and baryta phenates which are obtained by double decomposition by pouring a
soluble salt of one of the substances above indicated in a solution of phenate of
soda or of potash.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim:-Tho manu-
facture and application, as hemostatic and antiseptic agents of alkalino
"phenates" and salts obtained by means of mineral and vegetable essential oils
soluble in caustic potash or soda, in manner and for the purposes herein-before
> described.
In witness whereof, I, tho said Pierro Alexis Francisse Boboeuf, havo
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
P. A. F. BOBOEUF. (8.)
25 Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer,
Boulev de Strasbourg, 23, Paris.