IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CROSSINGS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND ALSO IN TYRES FOR WHEELS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Armstrong, of Brinsworth Iron Works,
Masbrow; in the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CROSSINGS FOR THE PERMANENT
WAY OF RAILWAYS, AND ALSO IN TYRES FOR WHEELS."
Sealed the 17th November 1865, and dated the 20th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Armstrong at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1865.
I, JOSEPH ARMSTRONG, of Brinsworth Iron Works, Masbrow, in the County
of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CROSSINGS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS, AND ALSO IN TYRES FOR WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the permanent way of
railways, and consists in making a crossing from an ordinary ingot of steel or
bloom of iron. The ingot of steel or bloom of iron is first to be forged into a
suitable shape, and then put into proper dies under hydraulic or other pressure
and pressed to the proper section required, or it may be hammered in dies, or

page_text: otherwise formed from a bloom of steel or iron to form double-headed reversible
crossings or otherwise. The forms of these crossings were described by me
in my former Patent, dated October 28th, 1856, No. 2530, whereby I cast them
in one piece in moulds, but by this Invention I forge them as above stated.
Secondly, the Invention consists in making tyres for wheels by casting
an ingot of steel sufficiently long to form one or more tyres in one ingot. I
cast the ingots with elongated core holes through them at suitable distances.
In this form they can be readily hammered upon all sides, then cut off in
lengths, each length to form a bloom for a tyre with the necessary hole through
for rolling into a weldless tyre after blocking in the ordinary way to form
the rough flange.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Armstrong in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
ARMSTRONG, of Brinsworth Iron Works, Masbrow, in the County of York,
Engineer, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Armstrong, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Armstrong, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Armstrong, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CROSSINGS FOR THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS,
AND ALSO IN TYRES FOR WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Joseph Armstrong, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the

page_text: Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately.
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Armstrong, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the permanent way of
railways, and cousists in making a crossing from an ordinary ingot of steel
or bloom of iron. The ingot of steel or bloom of iron is first to be forged
into a suitable shape, and then put into proper dies under hydraulic or other
pressure and pressed to the proper section required, or it may be hammered
in dies, or otherwise formed from a bloom of steel or iron to form double-
headed reversible crossings or otherwise. The forms of these crossings were
described by me in my former Patent, dated October 28th, 1856, No. 2530,
whereby I cast them in one piece in moulds, but by this Invention I forge
them as above stated.
Secondly, the Invention consists in making tyres for wheels by casting an
ingot of steel sufficiently long to form one or more tyres in one ingot. I cast
the ingots with elongated core holes through them at suitable distances. In
this form they can be readily hammered upon all sides, then cut off in lengths,
each length to form a bloom for a tyre with the necessary hole through for
rolling into a weldless tyre after blocking in the ordinary way to form the
rough flange.
In the annexed Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 represents in plan view one
out of numerous forms of double-headed reversible crossings which can be
made according to this Invention, by forging instead of by casting, as described
in my former Specification herein referred to; any other forms of crossings
described in the said Specification can be manufactured by this Invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the crossing, and Fig. 3 is a section through the
line A, B, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 represents an ingot of cast steel with elongated
core holes a, a, a, for the purposes described.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I claim and desire to be secured to me
by the herein in part recited Letters Patent, the construction of a double-
headed reversible crossing for railways, with wing and point rails all in
one piece from an ingot of steel, bloom of iron, or other suitable material
to the section and angles required by means of forging, pressing, or otherwise,
substantially as herein specified; and also the method of casting an ingot of

page_text: steel with one or more elongated core holes through the same at suitable
distances to form the hole for passing upon the rollers for rolling after being
hammered.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Armstrong, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
JOHN H. MARRIOTT,
Masboro'.
JOSEPH ARMSTRONG. (L.S.)