IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Sussex Place,
Loughborough Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS."-A communication.
Sealed the 25th March 1856, and dated the 13th October 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
• 13th October 1855.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS" to be as follows:-
A part of my improvements relate to driving, stopping, and arresting the
motion of power looms, and consists in the application or employment of fric-
tion cones for driving power looms when said friction cones are combined with
a friction brake, for arresting the motion of the loom when thrown out of gear;
by which arrangement, the loom at increased speed may be stopped more
promptly, and with less shock to the machine, than can be done by former
modes of driving and stopping looms, and the wear and tear of belts consequent
upon shipping from a fast to a loose pulley, and vice versa, is avoided. This
part of my Invention also consists in the mode of constructing the belt cone,
whereby it may be conveniently oiled when the belt is in motion.

page_text: Another part of my Invention relates to the delivery or giving out of the
warps, and consists in constructing and arranging the tension roller, and of
applying the brake thereto for holding the said roller firm when the lathe beats
up; also in connecting the tension roller with the let-off motion, whereby the
delivery of the warps is effected in a more perfect manner than has heretofore
been done.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Tomlinson Bousfield in the Great Seal Patent Office
ou the 12th April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sussex Place, Loughborough Road, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, tlie
said George Tomlinson Bousfield, Her special licence that I, the said George
Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOмS," a communication from E. B.
Bigelow, of Boston, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George. Tomlinson Bousfield, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.. 2.3
----
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and 'in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
A part of these improvements relate to driving, stopping, and arresting the

page_text: motion of power looms, and consists in the application or employment of fric-
tion cones for driving power looms when the said friction cones are combined
with a brake for arresting the motion of the loom when thrown out of gear; by
which arrangement, the loom at increased speed may be stopped more promptly,
and with less shock to the machine, than can be done by former modes of
driving and stopping looms, and the wear and tear of belts consequent upon
shipping from a fast to a loose pulley, and vice versa, is avoided; and this part
of the improvements also consists in constructing the belt cone in such a
manner that it may be conveniently oiled when the belt is in motion.
Another part of the Invention relates to the delivery or giving out of the
warps, and consists in the mode of constructing and arranging the tension
roller, and of applying the brake thereto for driving said tension roller when
the lathe beats up, and also in connecting the tension roller with the let-off
motion, whereby the delivery of the warps is effected in a more perfect manner
than has heretofore been done.
Figure 1 is a plan; Figures 2 and 3 are end elevations; Figure 4, a partial
front elevation; and Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are details.
a, a, represents the frame of the loom; b, the cam shaft, and c the lathe
shaft, which are geared together in the usual way; d represents a friction cone,
affixed to the lathe shaft c; e is a belt cone, which is made to engage with the
friction cone d to drive the loom, and is withdrawn therefrom to stop the loom.
A cross section of these cones and the shipping lever (hereafter to be described)
is given in Figure 8, the face of the friction cone (d) being covered with leather,
as represented by f. To facilitate the oiling of the belt cone e, when the belt
cone is in motion, and to retain the oil on the shaft, the outer end of the shaft
hole is partly covered, so as to form a sort of oil cup, as seen at g, into which
the oil may be introduced through the tube in the shipping lever i, partly
covering the outer end of the shaft hole of the belt cone e, also furnishes a fair
wearing surface for the shipping lever to act on to press the cones together
when in action. The lug j, attached to the inner side of the shipping lever i,
plies in the groove k, and draws the belt cone e out of gear, when the shipping
lever i is moved for that purpose. The shipping lever i vibrates on the stud
át its rear end, and is connected with the shipper m at its forward end. The
weaver, by the handle n of the shipper m, draws the belt cone e into gear to
start the loom, and when the shipper m is released from the catch o, the spring
p draws the belt cone e out of gear to stop the loom. A, B, are flanges or
projections, to prevent the oil working up from the lathe shaft, or from the
hub of the belt cone c to the leather f on the friction cone d, or in any way
coming between the friction surfaces of the said two cones e and d....

page_text: To keep the lathe shaft c from sliding endwise by the pressure of the belt
cone e against the friction cone d, a cap may be applied to the opposite end of
the lathe shaft c, as represented by 2, or a collar may be put on to the shaft c,
which shall rest against one of the boxes which support it.
There is sufficient yielding of the parts as described, if properly adjusted, to
prevent undue pressure of the said belt cone upon the said friction cone; but
to give a greater latitude for adjustment, I sometimes make the shipping lever
i in the form of a spring, or a sliding cap may be employed, such as is repre-
sented in Figures 9 and 10; in which r represents the sliding cap; s, a steady
pin to prevent the cap from turning in the shipping lever i; and t, a spring by
which the cap s.is pressed against the end of the belt cone e to keep the cone
in action.
The action of the friction brake for overcoming the momentum of the loom
when thrown out of gear will now be described. u represents the friction
brake lever, which vibrates on the stud v, and has one end curved, to conform
to the periphery of the brake surface of the friction cone d, on which it acts;
whilst the other end extends forward under the shipper m, and carries the
roller w.
The curved end of the brake lever u is heavier than the other, so
that when free, it falls down clear of the cone. The shipper m vibrates on the
stud x, and works in the stand y in the usual way at its upper end, whilst its
lower end projects below the stud x, and carries the cam z, which, when the
shipper m is released, acts on the roller w, and brings the brake into action;
then when the loom is again started, the cam z turns and liberates the roller
w, and allows the said brake to free itself from the cam by its own gravity.
From this it will be seen, that the brake comes into action whenever the
shipper is released to throw the loom out of gear, and is liberated again when
the shipper is moved to start the loom; but it is sometimes necessary for the
weaver to turn the loom by hand without moving the belt shipper, for which
purpose, the brake may be liberated in the following manner-a represents a
lever, which vibrates on the stud b', and has its upper end formed to act like
a fork on the roller w, whilst its lower end is acted upon through the arm c¹
by the foot treadle, d', which extends along the front of the loom.
To liberate the said friction brake and set the loom free, the weaver as she
approaches the loom has only to step on the treadle d', which-forces-the-roller-
w from under the cam z, when the projection e' strikes against the end of the
brake lever and insures the release of the brake, whilst the projection f¹ pre-
vents the roller w from rising above the small part of the cam z, so that when
the loom is started, the spring g' is sure to force the roller w under the cam
for another operation.

page_text: Instead of the brake being brought into action by a cam on the shipper, as
above described, it may be forced against the friction cone by the frog on the
protecting rod, or it may be brought into action by a spring or weight, as in
looms driven by a fast and loose pulley.
The part of the improvements relating to the delivery or giving out of the
warps will now be described.
These improvements are intended to work in connection with what is known
as the "positive take-up motion," which may be of any of the usual forms
which take up a given length of cloth at every given number of threads of
filling introduced. The combination and arrangement of apparatus which
constitutes these improvements embraces the well-known principle of regu-
lating the delivery of the warps by their tension, and derive their peculiar
character from the mode in which the tension roller is connected with the
delivery motion to regulate the delivery of the warps; also in the mode of
applying the brake or holder to hold the tension roller when required during
the operation of weaving; and also in the mode of constructing the brake or
holding lever and combining it with a cam, whereby the said brake or holding
lever is made to turn the let-off motion shaft, and hold the tension roller not
only at the beat of the lathe, as heretofore done, but also during the crossing
of, the warps, and such portion of the closing and opening of the shed as may
be necessary to give a proper face to the cloth to be woven; and whereby also
that part of the apparatus which regulates the delivery of the warps is made
to act thereon when the shed is open, and the tension roller consequently at
rest. The
warps, as indicated by the red lines j', pass. from the yarn beam
, over the breast beam i, to the take-up motion, in the usual way.
represents the tension roller, which is carried-by the-arms 1, 1, extending
from the shaft m', as represented in Figures 1, 2, and 5. The shaft m¹, when
the tension roller acts upon the warps, rocks on its bearings in the stands
n', n', which extend upwards from the loom frame a, a, and support certain
parts of the let-off apparatus. o' represents an arm, which extends forward
from the shaft m', and is connected to the regulating rod p' by the stud screw
q'. A spiral spring for giving tension to the warps encircles the regulating
rod p', and being compressed between the projection s' on the inner side of
the stand n and the collar t, may be adjusted by the collar t', according to the
tension required. To hold the warps at the beat of the lathe, and for other
purposes, which will be herein-after more fully explained, the regulating rod p¹
is connected with a brake or holding lever in the following manner :-u³ 1
sents a stand, which extends forward from the loom frame, and has a projec-
tion von its inner side, formed to receive the regulating rod p', as shown in
repre-

page_text: Figure 6, which is a horizontal section, taken on the red line A, B. w' repre-
sents the brake or holding lever, which is shaped in the form of a T, and
rocks on the stud m". The upper arm of the brake or holding lever w¹ is
suitably fitted to the projection v', so that the two together form a sort of
vice, to gripe and hold said regulating rod p¹ whenever said brake or holding
lever w¹ is brought into action. The horizontal arm of the brake or holding
lever w¹ is provided with ȧ stud or roller a³, which is acted upon by the cam
y on the cam shaft b. The cam y¹ imparts motion to the brake or holding
lever w¹, for the double duty of griping the regulating rod p¹ to hold the
tension roller, as aforesaid, and of turning the let-off motion shaft, which
will now be described. z¹ represents the let-off motion shaft, which is sup-
ported at the top by the projection a", extending from the before-mentioned
stand n', and at the bottom by the stand 6". c represents a worm, which
engages with the worm wheel d" on the yarn beam h¹ in the usual way;
ell represents a crown ratchet; and f", a lever, which vibrates on the let-off
motion shaft, and carries the pawl gl, as shown by Figure 7. The lever f
is moved forward to turn the let-off motion shaft a¹, by the depending arm of
the brake or holding lever w³, and is drawn back for renewed action by the
spiral spring h", applied as shown in Figures 5 and 7. The tension roller is
connected with the delivery motion to regulate the delivery of the warps, as
follows: The outer end of the lever f2 is provided with a series of catches
or stops 1, 2, which may be increased or diminished in number, according to
the range of motion given to the said lever f"; the said range of motion and
the number of said catches or stops in proportion to the warps. given out, the
more accurate will be their delivery. " represents a pawl or feeler, the rear
end of which vibrates on the stud k, while its forward end is formed to
engage with the said catches or stops i", ". The pawl or feeler ¹¹ has a pro-
jection on its inner side (as shewn in Figure 7), through which the lower end
of the regulating rod above described p¹ passes, said pawl or feeler j¹¹ being
supported by the nuts (".
The regulating action of these parts is as follows:-When more warps are
being taken up by the formation of the cloth than are being given out, the
tension roller will be thereby depressed, which, through the medium of
the regulating rod p', will raise the pawl or feeler and allow the lever fan
increased range of motion than when more warps are being given out than
are required, the said tension roller k' rises, and allows the pawl or feeler ", by
engaging with some one of the lower catches or stops 2", 2", to diminish the
range of motion of the said lever f", thus adapting the delivery of the warps
to the actual requirements in forming the cloth. In order that the pawl or

page_text: feeler j may properly engage with the catches or stops 1, 2, to regulate the
delivery of the warps, as aforesaid, the cam y¹ is so formed as to cause
the lever to act to turn the let-off motion, when the shed of the warps is
fully open, and the tension roller consequently at rest. If the tension roller k¹
is allowed to pull upon the warps continually, except when held at the beat
of the lathe, as heretofore done, the warps in the cloth (in common plain
fabrics) will arrange themselves side by side, in a manner to produce what
weavers call "pairs;" in producing fabrics, therefore, which require a soft face,
as cotton sheetings, for example, the cam y¹ should be so formed as to hold
said tension roller knot only at the beat of the lathe, but at the crossing of
the warps, and during a certain part of the closing and opening of the shed;
the said hold beginning when the warps are partly closed, as represented.
by the red lines j¹ in Figures 3, 2, and 5, and ending when they shall have
been re-opened to the same point.
It will be obvious to machinists that the form and proportions of the parts
of the apparatus described as constituting the let-off motion may be varied
without changing their essential character; as, for example, instead of the
tension roller being carried by a separate shaft, as above described, a deflected,
tension bar may be used. Instead also of the brake or holding lever w¹ being.
supported by the stand u³, as represented, the stand n' may be extended down
so as to connect the whole apparatus in one piece of casting. The cam y',,
instead of being on the cam shaft, and having a double rise, may be put upon
the lathe shaft and have a single rise, in which case the brake or holding
lever w' should be raised up to conform to the change in the position of
the cam.
The jaw of the brake or holding lever w¹ may be covered with leather or
other elastic material to increase the friction upon the regulating rod, p³,
and a spring may be employed to adjust the force of the gripe, as represented
in Figure 11.
The upper arm of the brake lever w³, instead of being firmly affixed to the
other arms thereof, as represented in the Drawings before referred to, may.be
jointed to the lower arm at n", and connected with the horizontal arm by the
rod ol, the forward end of which is supported by and slides in the projection p",
whilst the pin q prevents it from being drawn out. 7 represents a spiral
spring, one end of which rests against the projection p", and the other against
the adjusting collar s", so that when the brake is brought into action, the
upper arm will press against the spring, and thus ease the action of the
cam y on the roller a¹, and obviate the necessity of the accurate adjustment of
the roller æ, which would otherwise be required. A similar effect would be

page_text: produced by making the upper arm or the horizontal arm of the brake lever w
in the form of a spring.
Instead of placing the spring between the power and the resistance, as just
described, it may be applied so as to draw the brake into action, and the cam
employed to release it, as represented in Figure 12; in which t" représents the
spring, and the brake lever, with an arm extending to the cam y', by which
it is withdrawn from acting on the vibrating roller when not required to hold it
for the purposes above set forth.
To increase the adherence of the parts, the jaw of the brake lever w¹, and
also.the part of the regulating rod p¹, on which it acts, may be grooved or
fluted in the form of a V, so that the two surfaces may engage together like a
nut and screw. These parts, instead of being made round and curved, as
represented in the Drawing, may be made flat, and enlarged, so as to present
more surface for the jaw of the brake lever to act upon.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the mechanical parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details herein
described; but what I claim is, the application of friction cones to a power
loom in combination with a friction brake acting in the manner berein
described; and I also claim the combination or arrangement of apparatus con-
stituting the let-off motion herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
R. BROWNING,
New Court, St. Swithin's Lane.
GEO. T. BOUSFIELD. (L.S.)