Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Lozenges and other such Articles of Confectionery.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Apr., 1889
Specification Accepted, 8th June, 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Lozenges and other
such Articles of Confectionery.
I, JOHN HURRY, of White Hart Street, Dalkeith in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Smith and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
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This invention relates to the manner and means of operating that part of such
machinery as is known in the trade as the "Pinner as also to the cutters of such
machines and the improvements have especial reference to my well-known "Simplex"
lozenge making machines. Hitherto the "pinner" like the travelling web on which
the paste or dough is carried to the cutters has been operated intermittently but
according to this invention it is arranged to be operated continuously this continuous
motion being found to produce on the dough and consequently the finished article a
smoother and more uniform surface than has been produced in "pinners" intermittently
operated.
The improvements in the cutters are such as enable practically the whole of the
dough to be cut into rectangular or diamond-shaped lozenges or the like and to leave
practically no scrap.
In the accompanying drawings; I have represented sufficient of a lozenge making
machine for illustrating the manner of carrying my invention into practice; of these
drawings Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a longitudinal vertical section, Fig. 3 an
elevation of the cutter end and Fig. 4 a plan of the machine; Fig. 5 is a section
of a detached portion of the gearing for operating the pinner"; Fig. is an
elevation and Fig. 7 a view of the underside of the cutters; Fig. 8 is a plan showing
the construction of the guard plate of which Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section on the
line ab of Fig. 8 and of which Figs. 10 and 11 are transverse sections taken on
the lines c-d and e-f of Fig. 8 and Fig. 12 a plan of a detached portion of the
same.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
A are the supporting frames or standards each of which is preferably formed in
two parts one of which viz. :-that marked A¹ forms one of the side frames of the

page_text: [6
pinner" B. These frames A and A' support those shafts which extend transversely
across the machine while the shaft Cextending longitudinally in the machine is supported
in the brackets A² secured to one of the frames A as shown. D is the driving shaft
on which are mounted the fly wheel D¹ and fast and loose pulleys D2; if the machine
is intended to be operated by hand these fast and loose pulleys may be replaced by a
crank handle. On the driving shaft D there are also secured the worm D³ and the
toothed pinion 1 the former for transmitting motion to the "pinner" and the latter
for transmitting motion to the cutters and travelling web. The worm D³ gears with
the worm wheel C secured on one end of the before mentioned shaft C on the opposite
end of which is secured the hevil wheel (2 gearing with the corresponding wheel El
which is secured on the shaft E. On one end of this shaft E is carried the spur
pinion E this being so secured on the shaft by a "feather" and screwed nut or other
suitable means that it may readily be removed and another pinion of larger or smaller
diameter substituted therefor. With the pinion E2 gears the intermediate wheel F
mounted on a stud which is capable of being moved along and secured in any desired
part of the slot G¹ formed in the plate G. This plate is pivotted on the shaft E about
which as an axis it is adjustable to any required position in which it may then be
secured by means of the nuts or set screws G2. H is a toothed wheel which as shown
more clearly in fig. 5 is so secured on one end of the sleeve J by means of a
"feather" and a nut J' or by other equivalent means that it may readily be removed
and a wheel of larger or smaller diameter substituted for it. On the other end of the
sleeve J is permanently secured the wheel J2 which gears with the wheels J³ and K¹.
The sleeve is supported and free to rotate upon the stud J which is fixed in the
adjacent frame A¹ of the "pinner" the said sleeve being prevented from moving
longitudinally off the stud Ji by the nut J5 or by other suitable means such as a split
pin and washer. The wheel J³ gears with the wheel L' which is mounted on one end
of the roller shaft L the wheel K' being similarly mounted on one end of its roller
shaft K. Each of the letters K L M and N is herein used to refer to either one of
the rollers of the "pinner" or to its shaft. As shown in fig. 4 on the opposite end of
the roller shaft K is secured the wheel K2 which in the usual manner operates
through the intermediate wheel K³ and wheel M¹ to drive the roller M figs. 1 and 2 at
a speed preferably slower than the roller K. From the roller M motion is transmitted
in the usual manner through the wheels N¹ N2 N3 and N to the roller N.
With the before mentioned toothed pinion D' on the driving shaft gear the
wheels mounted on the ends of the shaft 02 and which carry the crank pins O¹
to one of which is secured a crank 03 carrying another crank pin 0*; or other
suitable means such as eccentrics for operating the rods or links P' and Qas
hereinafter described. The links P¹ vertically reciprocate the cutter-carrying-bar P
in the ordinary manner and the link Q is adjustably secured to one end of the
lever Q which is pivotted on the stud or short shaft Q2 supported by the framing
and on the upper end of which lever is pivotted the pawl Q³. This pawl is adapted
to engage with the ratchet wheel Q which is secured to or may be cast in one
with the wheel Q³ which gears with the intermediate wheel Q and transmits its
motion thence to the wheel R'. This wheel R¹ is secured on the shaft of the
roller R by means of which in the ordinary manner the travelling web S is operated,
the said web near the other end of the machine passing round and being supported
by the roller S' also in the ordinary manner. Any means other than those last
described may be employed for intermittently operating the web S.
The positions of the crank pins O' and 0 are so related to each other that the
cutters will be operated so as to cut the lozenges while the web S is at rest.
The improved cutter shown more clearly in figs. 6 and 7 consists of a long
cutting edge or blade T from which branch out a number of shorter cutting edges
or blades T after the manner of the teeth of a comb. When the cutter is intended
for cutting out lozenges of rectangular shape the blades T¹ branch out perpen-
dicularly from the blade T in the manner shown in the accompanying drawings but
when lozenges of diamond shape are required there is used a cutter in which the
blades T branch out obliquely from the blade T but parallel with each other so that

page_text: when one cut is made the lines of the cuts all lie at the requisite angle to the base and
when the succeeding cut is made the cutter Tin severing the lozenges makes the second
sides parallel to the base and thus completes the diamond.
In place of pistons or plungers such as have hitherto been employed for ejecting
the lozenges from the cutters 1 use for that purpose the arrangement shown most
clearly in figs. 8 to 11 in which U is a plate formed with comb-like opening U¹
corresponding in shape to the cutting edges T and T and through which opening U
the said cutting edges are adapted to pass. The walls bounding the opening U are
preferably inclined in the manner shown in figs. 9, 10 and 11 so as to be of greater
area at the upper than the under side of the plate U. U is a sheet of felt also
formed with a comb-like opening U³ corresponding in shape to the cutting edges IT"
which are adapted to pass through it. U and U³ are plates secured by the screws U
so as to firmly hold the felt U between the said plates U and U' and the plate U.
As shown more clearly in fig. 12 which represents in plan a portion of the plate Us one
edge of the said plate is recessed so as to leave clearance for the cutting blades and
allow some play to the felt when the said blades are moving upwards through it. In
place of using the two plates U and U³ which is a convenient way of securing the
felt U2 in position I may use one plate provided with openings and in place of one
piece of felt I may use two or more pieces provided with the necessary cuts
or slits for making up the required shape of openings through which the cutters
pass.
The last described clearing device is in any suitable manner fixed on the machine
in such a position that the blades T T will have to pass through the openings U³ in
the felt U and plate U before reaching the dough which is intermittently moved
beneath the said device.
V and W are an endless travelling web and adjustably-inclined feeding plate which
are usually applied to machines of the class to which this invention applies.
The operation of the machine is as follows :--
Motion being transmitted to the various parts from the driving shaft D in the
manner before described the dough to be formed into lozenges or the like is placed
on the feeding plate W down which it passes to be operated on by the usual
pinning" and guaging rollers of the "pinner" B which rollers as hereinbefore
explained are caused to rotate continuously. The dough thus formed into a sheet of
the desired thickness is intermittently carried forward by the travelling web S to the
cutter at each downward stroke of which (after the first stroke which merely cuts
the end of the dough like a fringe) a row of lozenges is cut off by the blade T and
the end of the sheet of dough is as it were fringed by the blades T₁ so that on the
next downward stroke of the cutter the blade T by severing the said fringed part
from the remaining portion of the sheet of dough forms another row of detached
lozenges. When the blades TT are raised any lozenges that may have adhered
thereto will be removed by coming against the underside of the plate U through which
the blades must first pass upwards before again descending for making another row
of lozenges. The lozenges thus formed may be removed from beneath the plate U by
means of a discharging device such as is employed in my well-known Simplex
lozenge-making machine or in any other desired manner.
"
The ratchet device for operating the web S is so adjusted that it will at each stroke
cause the said web to travel sufficiently far to take to the cutters a length of the sheet
of dough corresponding to that which has been fed through the "pinner
on to the
web, this length being determined by the size of the change wheels E2 and H employed
these having been pre-arranged to suit the size of lozenge it is desired to form. The
continuous motion imparted to the "pinner" rollers will cause the dough to become
buckled between the said pinner and the cutters at the times the web S is not
travelling by the mechanism for operating the web S is so adjusted as to secure that
the sheet of dough will be drawn out flat at each forward movement of the web and
thereby prevent any accumulation of dough between the "pinner" and cutters.
If desired the before described machine may have applied to it the usual devices
for printing, spreading and other purposes.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a lozenge-making machine the combination with an intermittently operated
web for carrying the dough from the "pinner" to the cutters of a continuously operated
"pinner” substantially as herein described.
2. In a lozenge making machine determining the size of the lozenges by the feed
substantially as herein described.
3. In a lozenge-making machine a cutter consisting of a blade such as T perpen-
dicularly from which branch out blades such as T' substantially as herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In a lozenge making machine a cutter having a blade from which branch out a
number of shorter blades parallel with each other but cach disposed at an angle
other than a right angle to the longer blade substantially as herein described.
Dated this 18th day of April 1889.
JOHN HURRY.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.