Improvements in Balancing and Securing Sliding Window Sashes of Railway and other Carriages and like Windows.
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in Balancing and Securing Sliding Window Sashes
of Railway and other Carriages and like Windows.
We, FRANCIS JOSEPH MCADAM, Chairman of The Patent Window Fittings
Company (Limited) Accountant and HUGH JONES, Manager of The Patent Window
Fittings Company Limited, Engineer, both of 84 Rumford Place, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALANCING AND SECURING SLIDING WINDOW SASHES OF RAIL-
WAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND LIKE WINDOWS to be as follows :—
Our Invention has for its object the balancing and securing of window sashes of
the railway carriage type in which are employed racks, weights and pinions and
whereby the window sashes may be more easily balanced and more easily and
noiselessly worked and secured in any open, or in a closed position and at the same
time be made weather proof.
A railway carriage window with our improvements applied thereto consists as
follows. On the edge of the window sash (which may be of brass) we provide
racks formed of longitudinal channels. Through the sides forming these channels
are provided teeth preferably of hard wood pins. The sash frames work in grooves
formed in pulley stiles which are attached to the frame of the carriage door.
Gearing with the window racks there are pinions working upon spindles which are
mounted in the door frame and again gearing with these pinions are other racks at
the lower end of which is attached a transverse weight thus coupling the racks
together at their lower ends. These latter racks are formed substantially in the
same manner as those above described; namely the sides are made of bars (which
may be of brass) and the teeth are formed principally of wooden pins, but at
certain intervals there are provided metal pins which serve at once as teeth and
distance pieces. The wooden pins are made of greater length than the width of
the rack and thus project on each side of the rack. These projecting pieces work
in grooves formed in the sides of a channel formed in the window, or door frame,
which serve as guides and the projecting teeth serve as slides. By thus arranging
the racks pinions and rack weights when the window is in its closed position, the
weight and rack weights will be at their bottom position and vice versa.
weight is made slightly heavier than the sash so that the tendency of the window
is to a certain extent self acting on the up stroke. But the lower racks are so
formed with a train of wheels and auxiliary weight, or springs so that the window
The

page_text: is made self acting to a certain extent on the down stroke. To make the window
weather proof when up, there is provided an inclined shutter, or louvre bar which
reaches from side to side. The inclined louvre bar is mounted on bearings and
caused to rock outward when the window is closed, by means of a projecting piece
on the louvre bar standard and a fixed projection on the window frame and
operating thus: the projection on the louvre bar standard comes in contact with
the fixed projecting piece and forces the louvre bar outward and over a lip upon
the door frame. A projecting lip is provided upon the louvre bar and works
within the window sash which is made hollow. To fasten, or secure the window
in any desired position we construct the spindles upon which the spur pinions
work to project a certain distance on each side of such pinions and these projecting
parts are provided with right and left hand screws. The screwed portions of the
spindles are fitted with nuts, preferably square, let into the frame of the window
and one end of the spindles is provided with an operating handle, or thumb screw,
so that upon turning the handle in one direction, the window may be locked, or
secured and turning the handle in the. reverse direction the window is unlocked
and free to be moved either up, or down.
of Railway and other Carriages and like Windows.
We FRANCIS JOSEPH MCADAM, Chairman of The Patent Window Fittings
Company, Limited Accountant and HUGH JONES Manager of the Patent Window
Fittings Company Limited, Engineer, both of 84 Ruinford Place, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALANCING AND SECURING SLIDING WINDOW SASHES OF RAIL-
WAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND LIKE WINDOWS, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
Our Invention has for its object the balancing and securing of window sashes of
the railway carriage type, in which are employed racks, weights and pinions and
whereby the window sashes may be more easily balanced and more easily and
noiselessly worked and secured in any open, or in a closed position and at the same
time be made weather proof.'-

page_text: The following is a description of our Invention in such full, clear and distinct
language as to enable any one skilled in the art to which it belongs to put the
same into practice, reference being had to the accompanying sheets of Drawings,
making part of this Specification and to the letters and figures of reference marked
thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote the same, or corresponding
parts throughout the various views and figures.
:
The following is a description of our Invention in such full, clear and distinct
language as to enable any one skilled in the art to which it belongs to put the
same into practice, reference being had to the accompanying sheets of Drawings,
making part of this Specification and to the letters and figures of reference marked
thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote the same, or corresponding
parts throughout the various views and figures.
. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a sliding window sash of the railway carriage
type fitted according to this Invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan taken through XX Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an edge view of the racks.
Figure 4 is an edge view of the lower sash bar of the window showing the
weather shutter.
Figure 5 is a front view of Figure 4.
A railway carriage window with our improvements applied thereto consists as
follows, reference being had to the annexed Drawings. On the edges of the
window sash A (which may be of brass, or other metal) we provide racks B which
are formed of longitudinal channels b and through the sides forming these channels
are provided teeth preferably of hard wood pins 6' but teeth of Vulcanite, or soft
metal may be used. The sash frame A works in grooves C formed in the stiles D,
which are attached to the frame of the. carriage door.. Gearing with the window.
racks B there are pinions E working upon spindles which are mounted in the door
frame, and again gearing with these pinions E are other racks F at the lower end
of which thero is attached a transverse weight H, thus coupling the racks F
together at their lower ends. The racks F are formed substantially in the same
manner as the racks B, namely the sides are made of bars f which may be of brass.
and the teeth fl are formed principally of wooden pins, but at certain intervals
there are provided metal pins f³ which serve at once as teeth and distance pieces.
The pins are made of greater width than the rack F and thus project on each
side of the rack F as shown at Figure 2. These projecting pins f¹ work in
grooves formed in the sides of a channel g formed in the window, or door frame,
as shown at Figure 2. The grooves f serving as guides and the projecting pins f
serving as slides. By thus arranging the racks B, pinions E racks F and weight H
when the window is in its closed position the racks F and weight H will be at
their bottom position and as the window is opened the racks F and weight H will
rise. The weight H is made slightly heavier than the weight of the window and
sash A. so that the tendency of the window is to close and be to a certain extent
self acting on the upstroke.
To make the window weather proof when up and closed, there is provided a
shutter, or louvre bar J seo Figures 4 and 5 which reaches from side to side of the
window. This louvre bar J is mounted upon bearings J¹ and caused to rock out-
wards when the window is closed by means of a projecting piece J' on the louvre
bar and a fixed projection J* on the window frame.
The device operates as follows The projection J' comes against and in contact
with the fixed projecting piece J³ as the window is closed and forces the louvre
bar J outward and over the projecting piece J³ a projecting lip J* being provided
on the louvre bar J to lap over the projection J³ as shown The under edge of the
window sash is made hollow to receive the louvre bar J and to allow of its falling
back as the window is lowered and opened.
To fasten, or secure the window in any desired position, we construct the
spindles, or one of the spindles upon which the tooth pinions E work, as shown
at Figure 2, namely the spindle e has a right and left hand screw cut on its ends
and the ends are made to project through the pinions E. The screwed portions of
the spindle e are provided with square nuts d let into the frame D of the window.
One end of the spindle e is provided with an operating handle, or thumb screw §¹

page_text: and the other end is provided with a washer, or nut e³. On turning the thumb
screw e¹ in one direction the window is locked, or secured by the nuts d binding
the pinion E and preventing it from turning. On turning the thumb screw e¹ in
the opposite direction, the window will be unlocked and is free to be moved either
up, or down.
As previously stated the object of this Invention is to obtain in connection with
window sashes of the railway carriage type such a construction of racks, pinions
and weights that the window is easily balanced noiselessly worked and secured in
any open or in a closed position. To this end we have described and shown
in Figures 1. 2 and 3 such a construction of racks, pinions and weight and fastener
that will effect the said object, namely the teeth of the racks being constructed of
wood, vulcanite, or soft metal and in the manner described, the action of raising
and lowering is noiseless, also the combination of the racks and weight is such
that the window is easily balanced and an effective fastening device is afforded by
the thumb screw and square nuts described. The louvre bar J also provides for
keeping the window sash weatherproof.
Although we have described our Invention more particularly in relation to
railway carriage windows, we would have it understood that our Invention is
applicable to other windows of the same type, such as the windows of tramcars,
road carriages, the deck houses of ships and like windows.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First. In carriage windows of the type herein described in which racks and
pinions are employed, the combination of sash racks formed with hard wooden,
or equivalent teeth, a metal pinion and weight racks formed with hard wood, or
equivalent teeth as and for the purposes set forth.
Second. In windows of the type herein described the use of stiles (such as D)
as and for the purposes set forth.
Third. In windows of the type herein described the combination of teeth 61
pinion E teeth f¹ f³ bars f and weight H as set forth and operating as described.
Fourth. The construction of apparatus for balancing window sashes as set forth
with reference to Figures 1. 2 and 3 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fifth. The construction of shutter J as set forth with reference to Figures 4
and 5 of the Drawings and operating as and for the purposes described.
Sixth. The combination of nuts d d spindle e pinion E and handle e as and
for the purposes described and operated and constructed as set forth.
Dated this 4th day of September 1885