IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING, HEATING, OR TEMPERING FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Domenicus Kittoe and
Peter Brotherhood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st July 1868.
We, GEORGE DOMENICUS KITTOE and PETER BROTHERHOOD, of
Compton Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR COOLING, HEATING, OR TEMPERING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to apparatus for cooling wort or other hot
liquids, and for condensing vapours by exposing them in tubes to the
influence of a colder liquid surrounding them, such apparatus being
also applicable to the heating, warming, or tempering of liquids by
exposing them to the influence of a hotter liquid.. Tubes arranged for
such purposes within vessels or within other tubes have been and are
in use, and for this generally we make no claim.
The object sought to be attained by our Invention is to secure a great
length of run for the fluids operated on and the fluids operating, so that

page_text: the matter to be cooled, heated, or tempered is kept for a
long time
exposed to the influence of the liquid which acts upon it, and at the
same time to provide facilities for cleansing the tubes.
In order that the nature of our Invention may be clearly understood
we will describe the apparatus which we employ for cooling such sub-
stances as the hot worts produced in brewing.
We provide a number of tubes, and enclose each of them within
another tube of larger diameter, the inner tubes being intended to receive
the hot matter to be cooled, and the annular space between the inner and
outer tubes being intended to receive the water used for cooling. We
arrange these double tubes in rows, tier above tier, and form commu-
nications from each end of each to the end of the tube next in succession.
We cause the wort or liquid to be cooled, or vapour to be condensed to
enter the first of the inner tubes in the top tier, and to circulate back-
wards and forwards through all the upper tubes in succession, to descend
to the next tier, and to circulate there in like manner, and so on to the
lowest tier, whence after completing its circulation it finally issues. The
cooling liquid is made to enter the first annular space on the lowest tier
(which surrounds the last tube of the circulation already described), and
to circulate in the opposite direction, rising to tier after tier till it finally
issues at the top. A door is provided at each end of the apparatus, which
being opened the whole of the tubes are exposed at both ends, and can
be cleaned by a brush or otherwise. These. doors or the ends of the
apparatus which they cover, and into which the ends of the tubes are
secured, are made with partitions so as to form channels or cavities,
through which the fluid passes from any one tube to the next in suc-
cession, and by which the direction of the circulation is determined.
We sometimes cause fine streams of water to trickle over the surfaces of
the outer tubes so as to increase their cooling effect. We sometimes also
effect the cooling of a portion of the wort or other liquid to be cooled by
causing it to trickle over the tubes in like manner, and to be collected
in a vessel below. When the water or liquid used for cooling is not
sufficiently low in temperature we enclose the apparatus within a
chamber through which we send a current of air. In such cases we
prefer also to keep the outer surfaces of the tubes moistened by water
trickling over them, so as to obtain cooling power by evaporation.

page_text: When the apparatus is employed for warming or tempering the direction
of the circulation may be reversed. Though for the sake of perspicuity
we have described a horizontal arrangement of tubes, they may be
arranged vertically or otherwise, as may be readily understood.