IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING WOOLLEN CLOTH OR WORSTED GOODS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hopkinson of Birstal near Leeds in the County of
York, Foreman loon tuner, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING WOOLLEN CLOTH OR WORSTED GOODS "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hopkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1882.
JOHN HOPKINSON of Birstal near Leeds in the County of York, foreman loom
tuner "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING WOOLLEN CLOTH OR WORSTED
GOODS
"
The said invention relates to means by which the tension of the threads of the
warps when weaving, with two, three or more warps is regulated and the motion
of the beams of the warps are governed so as to correspond with the take up
motion of the cloth beam on which the fabric in the process of weaving is wound;
by which means better and more evenly woven fabrics are produced and the work
rendered inore easy to the weaver.
By one of my methods, I fit wheels on the end of the warp beams which wheels
which are made with a regulated number of teeth and pitch and according to the length
of the warps and design and when a change is made in the length of the warps the
wheels are changed and replaced by other wheels having a corresponding number
of teeth and pitch according to the length of the warps and also of the design or
according to the changes made in the warps. The stationary warp beam is driven
in the usual manner by a worm wheel and worm, the worm wheel being fitted on
the other end of the warp beam and the additional warp beam is placed near the
bottom of the framing of the loom and receives a uniform motion by means of the
wheels fitted on the stationary and additional warp beams and which produce more
evenly woven fabrics as the warp beams heretofore in use work with separate
motions.
In another method I also employ wheels fitted on the end of the stationary and
additional warp beams but one of the wheels is a fixture the other inoveable and I
may change the moveable wheel when required for another wheel either larger or
smaller in diameter and I employ an intermediate wheel whicli actuates the bottom
warp beam, and I move this bottom beam in slot holes formed in the bearers or

page_text: brackets carrying the beam I also employ when moving the beams asunder a small
wheel or wheels which I fit on the boss of the intermediate wheel; in this case the
intermediate wheel is actuated by the wheel of the stationary beam and the wheel
of the additional beam is actuated by the wheel fitted on the boss of the inter-
medinte wheel and this wheel is altered according to the length of the warps and
design or pattern.
By another method I give motion to the warp beams at the same time and by
gear actuating worm wheels fitted on the end of the beams and the worm wheels
are driven by worms; the top or stationary beam receives motion in the usual way
the worm which is fitted on a shaft which is actuated by a pawl wheel secured to
the shaft and the pawl wheel is actuated by a pawl.
On the end of the shaft on which the worm of the stationary beam is fixed, I
secure a small bevil wheel which gears with another bevil wheel fitted on the top of
an upright shaft and near the bottom end of this shaft is fitted another worm which
actuates the worm wheel of the bottom beam; the top bevil wheel or the wheel
fitted on the upright shaft is changed to one of more or less diameter according to
the length of the warps employed and also according to design or pattern. The
upright shaft works in bearers formed on brackets which are secured to a frame
bolted to the framework of the loom.
When I fix this motion to a loom, I move the back rail about twelve inches
towards the centre but this distance may be more or less and according to circum-
stances this allows of bringing the bottom warp beam nearer the centre of the
stationary warp beam, and I fix two supports one at each end of the frame work
of the loom; in the bosses of the supports works the bottom warp beam shaft and
I remove the weſting lever from the centre and bring the same to the end of the
loom and fit the same to the cross rail, I also crank the connecting rod of the
picking motion which enables me to get the back rail and picking rod out of the
way of the beam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Hopkinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3
29th January 1883.
JOHN HOPKINSON of Birstal, near Leeds, in the county of York, foreman loom
tuner "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING WOOLLEN CLOTH OR WORSTED
GOODS
"
The said invention relates to means by which the tension of the threads of the 3
warps, when weaving with two, three or more warps, is regulated and the motion of
the beams of the warps are governed so as to correspond with the take up motion
of the cloth beam on which the fabric in the process of weaving is wound by which

page_text: means better and more evenly woven fabrics are produced and the work is rendered
nore easy to the weaver.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed
to describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1,
represents a side elevation of one method of regulating the tension of the threads of
the warps when weaving with two, three or more warps; figure 2, represents a side
elevation of a second method of carrying out my invention and figure 3, a front
elevation of the same. Figure 4, represents a side elevation of an arrangement
with only one intermediate wheel. Figure 5, represents a side elevation of a third
method of carrying out my improvements.
Similar letters of reference are used to
represent similar parts.
In the arrangement shewn in figure 1, I fix and secure on the ends of the
shafts A. and A¹ of the warp beams B, and B', wheels C, and D, which are made
with a regulated number of teeth and pitch, according to the length of the warps
and the design to be woven; on the side of the loom frame E, I secure a bracket F,
made with a slot hole G, to regulate the position of the bracket according to the
changes in the size or diameter of the wheel D; the bracket F, is made with a slide-
opening H, in which is fitted a brass or metal block I, in which works the shaft of
the warp beam. The bead J, of the bracket is cut at both ends with a screw in
which screw the screws K, to secure the brass or block I, to the required position
and according to the size or diameter of the wheel employed. At the other end of
the loom is secured a similar bracket F, having a similarly constructed head and
fitted with set screws.
When a change is made in the length of the warps the wheels are changed and .
replaced by other wheels, corresponding with the number of teeth, according to the
length of the warps and the character of the design or according to the changes
made in the warps; it is obvious that the wheel C, may be smaller or larger in
diameter than the one shewn in the drawing figure 1, and also that the wheel D,
may be larger or smaller in diameter and the number of teeth and the pitch thereof
may be more or less according to the length of the warps and the character of the
design. The stationary warp beain B, is driven in the usual manner by a worm
wheel and worm, the worm wheel being fitted on the other end of the warp beam
and the additional warp beam B₁, is placed near the bottom of the framing of the
loom and receives a uniform motion by means of the wheels C, and D, and by this
arrangement more even fabrics are produced than by the warp beams heretofore in
use with separate motions.
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. I employ wheels C and D, the wheel C, being fitted on
the shaft A, of the warp beam B; and the wheel D, on the shaft A¹, of the
additional warp beam B'; the wheel C, is by preference a fixed wheel;
I change
the wheel B', whenever required by another wheel either larger or smaller in
diameter and with a regulated number of teeth and according to the length of the
warps and the character of the designs; I also employ an intermediate wheel L,
figure 4, which allows of my employing a small wheel C, on the beam B, and
which allows for the difference of centres of the beams; the wheels D, and L, are
the only wheels required to be changed but I may employ the wheels C and L,
and change the wheel D, or keep on the wheels C and D, and change the wheel L;
the intermediate wheel L, works on a stud M. which is secured when placed in
position in the slot hole N, of a bracket O, which is secured to the frame E, of the
loom, and the shaft A', of the beam B¹, is fitted in brasses or metal blocks and
secured in the guides of the heads of brackets as hereinbefore described.
Or I may employ two intermediate or change wheels L, and L, Figures 2,
and 3.-The wheel L, is secured on a stud M, and is actuated by the wheel C, of
the warp beam B, and on the top of the wheel L is secured another wheel L',
which actuates the warp bean B₁; the stud M, is secured, when in the required
position in. the slot hole N, of the bracket O, by a nut, the bracket being secured
to the loom frame E and I may employ change wheels with wheels L, larger in
diameter than the wheel L'; or the wheel L¹, may be larger in diameter; the

page_text: wheel L and the other wheels are made with a regulated number of teeth and
according to the length of the warps or the character of the design or pattern.
Figure 5. In this arrangement I give motion to the warp beans B, and B', at
the same time and by means of worm wheels P, and P¹, which are actuated by
The
worms and Q'; the worm Q, is actuated by gear in the usual manner.
shaft R, of the worm Q is for old looms lengthened and on the end of the shaft I
secure with a set screw S, a bevil wheel T, which actuates another bevil wheel T",
fitted and secured on the top of an upright shaft U, on which is secured the
The
worm Q', which actuates the worm wheel P¹, and consequently the beam B'.
upright shaft U, works in bearers V, which are secured to a bracket W, fitted and
secured to the loom frame E; the shaft A', of the beam B', works in bearings X,
secured to the loom frame. The top bevil wheel T, may be changed to one of
larger or smaller diameter and secured by the set screw S, to the shaft R, but by
preference I alter the wheel T¹, to a larger or smaller wheel and according to the
length of the warps employed, also according to the design or pattern; but it is
obvious that I may change either the wheel T, or T₁, for other wheels of larger or
smaller diameters, but I prefer to alter the bevil wheel on the upright shaft U.
When I fix this last described motion to a loom, I move the back rail about
twelve inches towards the centre of the loom, but this distance may be more or
less according to circumstances; the moving of the back rail allows of bringing
the bottom warp beam B', nearer to the centre of the stationary warp beam B, and
I fix two supports one at each end of the framework of the loom; in the bosses of
the supports works the bottom warp beam shaft and I remove the wefting lever
from the centre and bring the same to the end of the loom; I also fit the wefting
lever to the back rail, and crank the connecting rod of the picking motion which
enables me to get the back rail and picking rod out of the way of the beam; I also
curve the bracket Y, which allows space for the working of the wefting lever.
Having thus described my improvements and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shewn and described as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the invention, but what I do
claim is
The arrangement, combination and construction of the several parts constituting
the improved apparatus for regulating the tension of the threads of the warps when
weaving with two, three or more warps and governing the motion of the warp
beams to correspond with the motion of the cloth beam on which the fabric is
wound in the process of weaving substantially as and for the purpose herein set
forth and represented by the annexed drawing.
In Witness whereof I the said John Hopkinson have hereto set my hand
and seal this twenty seventh day of January in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three
Witness
WALTER JAS. TURNER C.E
Patent Agent
Bradford
JOHN HOPKINSON (L.S.)