IMPROVEMENTS IN BARS FOR GLAZED SASHES
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 7th Oct., 1887
"
I, GEORGE HAYES of No. 71 Eighth Avenue in the City and State of New York,
United States of America, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BARS FOR GLAZED SASHES and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
My improvements consist in forming sash-bars of a soft, ductile, flexible and pliable
metal, preferably Lead or Copper (or a metallic composition analogous thereto) solid
upon a hard metal strip as a Base or Core, preferably of sheet iron or band iron,
partially or wholly closing it.
The soft metal molded into the shape requisite with rabbets or ledges to sustain
glass plates and such other bar features as caps to cover edges of the glazing,-
gutters to catch and carry off the water resulting from leakage and condensation,
when desired; and the core strip or stiffening plate arranged therein to be at an
angle to the rabbets and surface of the glass plates which the bars are to hold.
It further consists of a sashbar of soft, ductile, flexible and pliable metal, having
a core as a reinforcement, of hard metal, perforated or otherwise apertured at
intervals, into which openings the softer metal passes and unites, forming keys,
interlocking and securing the parts together and to the core, rendering the bar one
homogenious body.
It further consists of a sash bar of soft, ductile flexible, and pliable metal
having a core, as a reinforcement, of hard metal-the core specially prepared to hold
the soft metal part by the formation of ledges to its surface either by corrugating,
indenting or projecting parts thereof, over, around and into which the soft metal
fits itself closely when rolled or cast thereto, thereby keying and interlocking to
the core.
The object of the before mentioned construction of soft metal upon hard metal is to
obtain sashbars for windows, shop-fronts, skylights, glazed roofs and also for vertical
walls and roofs of conservatories and similar structures; which while having sufficient
strength and rigidity lengthwise and also crosswise or in the direction of their depth
will be sufficiently flexible to admit of their being readily bent or curved laterally or
sidewise into ornamental forms without additional expense and without sacrifice of
homogenity-hitherto it has been necessary in constructions of metal framework for
glazing, to make curves, circles and other ornamental forms by casting them specially
into the required shape, rendering a mold necessary for each form, adding very
materially to the cost of the structure, a necessity which is entirely obviated by this

page_text: construction, the bars being made in straight lengths and bent wherever, and as
desired without difficulty.
My improvements further consist of a device made of soft, ductile, pliable and
flexible metal such as lead, copper or metallic composition analogous thereto, for use
in decorative glazing especially where colored or stained glass is used, in church
windows-shop fronts-conservatories-ceiling lights and similar structures: as a
"lead" or glazing bar, either alone or in conjunction with the bars hereinbefore
mentioned it being especially adaptable to be worked into combination therewith.
33
It is formed with a centre or central body to stand between the edges of the glass
panes and four flanges or wings extending from the central body, in pairs-spreading
from each other at suitable angles-two adapted for bending to form rabbets or ledges
to sustain the glass panes and two for bending or flattening down above the glass over
the edges to secure the joints and hold the panes in place, or over putty when used as
an adjunct in securing the joints, whereby both putty and joints are protected.
The two lower flanges forming rabbets may then be bent at suitable points and at
suitable angles against or around a rod, wire or plate of stiffening material which may
be wood, metal or any substance of rigid nature desirable or convienant for use in
strengthening the ornamental glass work and preventing deflection.
The object of this latter improvement is to obtain a device for general use in
ornamental; decorative and especially Ecclesiastical glazing-wherever bent or curved
forms are desirable, with or without straight forms in conjunction, which, when in
frame, will admit small and peculiar shaped frames readily, and also completely unite
with a supporting and strengthening medium, without such medium injuriously
affecting the design.
It is intended to take the place of the ordinary H leads heretofore used.
As heretofore constructed, ornamental glazing with "Leads " or soft metal bars has
been strengthened by iron rods, placed at intervals across the frames, back of the
glazing, and secured thereto by small wires twisted around the bars and soldered
thereto or to cross strips; such rods extended across in the ordinary manner are
unsightly and disfigure the design, while in large windows and horizontal or
ceiling lights the parts between the rods are unprotected and without support.
The device herein described enables the rods, plates or other stiffening medium to
be used in direct combination therewith wherever desirable-and in better form-the
portions of the rabbet flanges bent down, against and around as a clamp afford a
ready means of uniting and attaching the two parts together enabling both to serve
in unison no matter how intricate the design or shape of tracery. It also enables
the smallest panes to be used no matter what their shape may be, without injury to
the borders as the sealing flanges standing upwards permit the glass to be readily
placed upon the rabbets or ledges-after which the flanges may be readily and
easily flattened down over the joints all around the panes securing them effectually.
Figure 1, represents a transverse section of a bar comprising the two parts-one
of soft metal with rabbets and other features and the other of hard metal as a core
thereto.
Figure 2, is a transverse section of a side bar, to serve in conjunction with the bar,
before mentioned, as a border.
Figure 3, is a transverse section of a corner or angle bar to serve in conjunction
with the bar first mentioned, when desired. It is adapted for bending to suit any
required angle as shown by the dotted lines thereto and is suitable for angles of Bay
windows, Conservatories and similar structures.
Figures 4 and 5, show transverse sections of bar and side bar for double glazing-
having two sets of rabbets for glass plates and core for strength and stiffness.
Figure 6, is a vertical section of a skylight or roof bar with rabbets, and gutters
beneath for possible leakage or condensation. It has a core like those above
mentioned.

page_text: Figure 7, is a vertical section of a hip bar to serve in conjunction with that of
Fig. 6, in skylights and glazed roofs-the rabbets formed with requisite slope to suit
its position in the structure.
Figures 8 and 9, are vertical sections of smaller bars similarly formed, intended
for lighter structures-and use between the heavier bars when desirable-they are
shown with pliable flanges for covering the edges of glass panes, when flattened
thereupon.
Figure 10, is a side elevation of bar like Fig. 7, with part broken away to show
core with perforations.-A tenon at one end shows means of forming union with frame
or other bars.
Figure 11, is a side elevation of the end of a similar bar-with a slot through
the projecting end of core adapted for union with the tenon end of the bar of Fig. 10.
Figures 12 and 13, are side elevations of parts of cores to illustrate other forms of
apertures than those of Fig. 10.
Figures 14 and 15, are sections of very small bars suitable for light work.
In all the above bars the soft metal entirely encloses and covers the hard metal.
Figures 16, 17 and 18, show sections of bars in which the soft metal only partially
covers the hard metal-such bars are useful where great depth of core is requisite.
All the above mentioned bars are formed with apertures through the core to permit
the union of soft metal therein.
Figures 19, 20, 21 and 22 show sections of bars analogous to those before mentioned,
their cores being without perforations or other apertures through, but in lieu thereof,
ledges formed to their surface by grooving, corrugating, indenting or raising
protuberances, as a means of securing the soft metal to the hard metal and prevent
their sliding apart.
Figure 23, is a section of bar analogous to that of Fig. 18-with the addition of
gutters to adapt for use in skylights and similar structures.
Figures 24 to 35 and inclusive represent sections of the device of soft metal more
especially made for decorative glazing, with various forms of rods and bars used to
stiffen and support the decorative work, which the device clamps upon by means of
its lower pliable flanges.
Figures 36 to 39 and inclusive show the device alone in perspective as manufactured
the Figs. 36 and 37 giving the primitive form before the grasping flanges are bent
into shape connecting it with its support.
On the drawings Sheets 1 and 2-A, indicates the soft metal parts which constitute
the Bar proper and B, indicates the hard metal core which constitutes a reinforcement
or stiffener and prevents the bar bending or deflecting edgwise but being of thickness
adapted to permit of the bars being readily bent or curved sidewise.
The soft metal part is molded to the shape suitable for use as a sash bar with
rabbets or ledges a, to support and sustain glass plates-grooves b, to receive edges of
glass and cap c, to secure putty and a molded body or ridge beneath the rabbets for
ornament, also to enclose the core and prevent rust thereon when desirable.
Figure 1, represents the most approved form of bar for vertical work and for
interior horizontal work, used with or without the side bars shown in Fig. 2, also when
required corner or angle bars formed as shown in Fig. 3, the latter adapted for bending
to suit any desired angle as the dotted lines in said figure illustrate.
When double glazing is required in Hothouses &c. Bars formed as in Figs. 4 and 5
are desirable they are made with interior and exterior rabbets as there shown
affording space between the inner and outer panes whereby heat is retained within
the building or other structure where used-they also permit of ventilation by
indirect course, certain panes to open in each face-out of direct line.
For sloping bars, in Skylights and glazed Roofs in general-bars like Fig. 6, are
suitable, they being formed with gutters e, to collect and convey water resulting from
possible leakage or condensation-the bar of Fig. 7, will answer as a hip bar to serve
in conjunction therewith-the rabbets being formed with the necessary bevel.
Where no great strength. is required, bars like Figs. 8 and 9 may be used which
show in lieu of the cap c, hereinbefore mentioned-spreading flanges c¹, which, as the

page_text: metal is pliable and flexible, may be readily bent down over the joints in the glazing
or over putty when used to secure the joint in the glazing and render the same
watertight all of the forms of bars shown may be formed with caps of this shape
when desired.
The cores A, of the before mentioned bars are specially adapted to receive the soft
metal and hold it by perforations or apertures otherwise made as at f, throughout their
length at intervals-constituting ledges to prevent any tendency of the soft metal to
slip away from the hard metal and as the soft metal enters and fills the openings, it
unites both sides together and to the core, forming keys, interlocking the whole
together effecting to a degree homogenity.
In joining the ends of bars together a portion of the lead is removed and the cores
cut with slot and tenon about as shown in Figs. 10 and 11 and by the same method
cross bars may be readily secured to longitudinal bars where-ever desired.
Instead of the soft metal parts completely enclosing the core as in Figs. 1 to 15
inclusive the soft metal may be applied as cheeks like shown in Figs. 16, 17, and 18
-sheet 2, the keying through the core being sufficient to hold the sides together and
prevent slipping or spreading-this form may be made somewhat lighter in weight
than those before mentioned-but in this case the core must be prepared by galvanizing,
tinning, painting or other means to prevent oxidation &c.
Instead of apertures entirely through the core to secure the soft metal to the hard
metal the core may be prepared by corrugating, grooving, indenting or raising
protuberances thereto constituting ledges which by enabling the softer metal to obtain
grip will in some instances answer to prevent slipping off and away from the core-
such modification is shown in Figs. 19, 20, 21 and 22.
All the before mentioned constructions readily permit of bending sidewise but are
strong and rigid in an edgewise direction.
On sheet 3, is shown various applications of the device intended for decorative
glazing in Church windows, etc., with views of the device alone, as manufactured, C,
indicates the device and D, the rod, wire or bar used as a support or stiffening
medium.
The device is formed with a centre g, and four spreading flanges or wings, in pairs,
the two marked h, intended to be bent to form rabbets or ledges to support the glass
panes and the two marked i, intended for bending down over the edges of the glass
panes or over putty when used; after the glass is placed upon the rabbets.
The rabbet flanges may be readily bent, or formed, with an angle as shown at k,
adapted for use as a clamp against and around any suitable wire, rod or bar, used as a
stiffening medium covering the same and holding the two together.
Solder may be used with all the described bars if desired, to secure joints and seam
together contiguous edges-but its use is not always necessary.
The device of sheet 3, may be used as a "Lead" in fancy glass work, or as a
sealing strip in conjunction and combination with the bars for sashes in windows
and skylights etc.-it may be readily bent sidewise into any desired form, curves,
circles &c., being as easily made as straight tracery, with or without supporting rods
or bars according to the span, but the facility with which this device can be united
by the grasping flanges to a supporting rod or bar and they be brought to carry out
the design in unison constitutes its greatest advantage, fancy patterns of even
intricate design may be followed out with a naked iron rod, or suitably shaped bar as
core, and thus form a frame upon which the sashes will depend for rigidity-this core
may then be clothed with the device C, in lengths united-the lower flanges grasping
the iron frame and concealing it from view-and the sashwork completed ready for
glazing the glass panes may then be readily placed upon the rabbets and the sealing
flanges bent over their edges; when the whole is finished, and as the position of
the sealing flanges before glazing is upwards, the smallest panes of any peculiar shape
may be set on the rabbets without difficulty and without injury, and the flanges when
pressed down will firmly secure the same with or without the addition of putty.
Repairs of glazing may also be made rapidly and with great facility at reduced
expense.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
First. A sash bar for glazing, molded solid of soft, flexible, ductile and pliable
metal with rabbets or ledges to sustain the glass plates and having a hard metal core
as a reinforcement, essentially as shown and described.
Second. A solid sash bar of soft, flexible, ductile and pliable metal having rabbets
or ledges a, cap c, grooves b, and molded body d, and having a core as reinforcement,
of hard metal, essentially as shown and described.
Third. A solid sash bar of soft, flexible, ductile and pliable metal having rabbets
or ledges to sustain glass plates and molded upon a hard metal core provided with
apertures or perforations wherein the soft metal unites and secures the parts together
essentially as shown and described.
Fourth. A solid sash bar of soft, flexible, ductile and pliable metal having two sets
of rabbets or ledges for double glazing-two caps-one at each edge and a molded
body between the ledges, having a hard metal core as a reinforcement essentially as
shown and described.
Fifth. An angle bar for glazing formed as two wings, each having a rabbet or
ledge to receive glass panes and each wing reinforced by a hard metal'core, and adapted
for opening and closing to suit the desired angle essentially as shown and described.
Sixth. A core or base of sheet or rolled iron perforated or otherwise apertured at
intervals having cheeks or moldings of soft, flexible, ductile and pliable metal applied
thereto in such manner that portions of the soft metal enter said apertures of the core
and uniting therein key the parts together and to the core essentially as shown and
described.
Seventh. A core or base of rolled or sheet iron having formed by corrugating,
indenting, or projecting ledges to its surface having molded upon the same a bar for
glazed sashes of soft, pliable, ductile and flexible metal essentially as shown and
described.
Eighth. The device C, for decorative glazing formed with two flanges h, and two
flanges -the whole of soft, flexible, ductile and pliable metal and adapted for use
essentially as shown and described.
Ninth. The device C, formed with two flanges h, and two flanges i, the flanges h,
having bends as at k, all of soft, ductile, pliable and flexible metal and adapted for
use essentially as shown and described.
Tenth. The combination of the device C, formed with the pliable flanges h and i
as set forth, and a stiffening or sustaining bar, rod or core D, essentially as shown
and described.