Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th June, 1895-Accepted, 20th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
1, THOMAS ROUSE, Gentleman, of The Mill House, Upminster, in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for vehicle wheels of various
descriptions and may be carried out in the following manner :-
One advantage of the tyre which I am about to describe is that it can be
applied, and I prefer to apply it to a rim with a flat face, although I do not bind
myself to use that form of rim only. The tyre may be applied to an ordinary
road vehicle or to cycles, the strength and proportions of the tyre varying as required.
When applied to a vehicle wheel the ordinary iron or steel hoop may be used
without alteration, all that is necessary being to provide a hole for the passage of
the valve though even this may be dispensed with if required as the valve can be
placed at the side of the tyre; however, usually, I prefer to pass the valve through
the wood or metal of the wheel rim and for extra safety in case of deflation, and
also in the case of vehicle wheels which are liable to heavy side strains, I prefer
to provide some means to make quite certain that the tyre does not under
any circumstances of accident leave the wheel, notwithstanding that it holds on
admirably without any extra fastening of any kind.
In carrying out the invention I may use an air tube of ordinary description and
round this place a cover of more or less ordinary description say for example
made of rubber and canvas or other suitable material and provide in one or both
edges of the cover a band which may be made of flat steel or other suitable
material and is preferably nearly or quite as wide as the wheel rim to which the
cover is to be applied; the ends of this band may overlap to the required extent
and if desired the band may be rolled or formed of a diameter smaller than that of
the wheel to which it is to be applied so that to apply the tyre the band has to be
sprung on to the wheel and thus holds it securely, though other locking means such
as a bolt and nut may be employed if required.
Upon the cover either inside or out, but preferably inside I prefer to employ
two non-stretchable bands or hoops of wire, cord or other suitable material say for
preference wire. These form as it were a purchase against which the air pressure
can be exerted so that when the tyre is blown up the ends of the band or bands
are by the air pressure forced over each other thus reducing or tending to reduce
the diameter of the bands so that they grip the wheel the more firmly the harder
the tyre is blown. When required and particularly for heavy vehicles I may also
insert any material to resist puncture between the air tube and the cover say for
example packing of asbestos, impenetrable plates or other material as will be well
understood. If preferred I may employ a band in the form of a strip of metal or
a series of metal plates preferably between the air tube and the asbestos or other
packing for the purpose of obtaining a rigid thread; this band may be carried on
a piece of canvas or other material, the join of which may be centrally around the band,
it may then be carried inside the cover round one of the hoops, up again to the band,
along the inner face thereof, down again to the second hoop, round that and back
inside the cover until it reaches the central portion of the outside of the band
where it may be solutioned or otherwise fixed. All these parts, the cover, the
puncture-proof material or packing (which in addition to being puncture-proof
assists in shaping the tread of the tyre) the metallic band, and the hoops may be

page_text: solutioned or otherwise permanently secured together and I prefer to make the
tyre in that form. The bands in the edges may be quite loose in pockets formed
for their reception, and it will be understood that where two bands are employed,
one in each edge, they lie one on top of the other and make a particularly firm
fastening. These bands may be secured as already explained in any desired
manner by being sprung on, by the pressure of the air, or by a wire hoop or other
means placed round them and tightened in any convenient manner the bands or
band being sufficient to firmly.hold the tyre on to the wheel when the band itself
is held.
A band in one 'edge only may be used the other edge being formed of the canvas
or other material of which the cover is made, stiffened if desired and placed first
upon the wheel rim and then the edge with the band in it placed upon that; in
this case the extreme edge of the cover without the band may be formed with a
head hoop or other device to prevent it from in any way slipping between the
wheel rim and the banded edge.
Where a rivet or other device is employed to keep the bands from separating
and the tyre from coming off in case of deflation, the rivet or equivalent may be
fixed in one band and passed through a slot in the other and into a hole in the rim
or metal hoop; this will allow of the overlapping ends of the band sliding one
upon the other in contracting or expanding.
Dated this 20th day of August 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
I, THOMAS ROUSE, Gentleman of The Mill House, Upminster, in the County
of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for vehicle wheels of various
descriptions and may be carried out in the following manner :-
One advantage of the tyre which I am about to describe is that it can be
applied, and prefer to apply it, to a rim with a flat face, although I do not bind
myself to use that form of rim only; but as I can employ a flat rim 1 am able by
suitably widening the same to obtain the important advantage of a strong overhang
to protect the rubber part of the tyre from being rubbed against the edges of
pavements and against other objects liable to injure it. The tyre may be applied
to an ordinary road vehicle or to cycles, the strength and proportions of the tyre
varying as required. When applied to a vehicle wheel the ordinary iron or steel
hoop or shoe may be used without alteration, all that is necessary being to provide
a hole for the passage of the valve though even this may be dispensed with if
required as the valve can be placed at the side of the tyre; however, usually, I
prefer to pass the valve through the wood or metal of the wheel rim and for safety
in case of deflation, and also in the case of vehicle wheels which are liable to
heavy side strains, 1 prefer to provide some means to make quite certain
that the tyre does not under any circumstances or accident leave the wheel,
notwithstanding that it usually holds on admirably without any extra fastening
of any kind.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings wherein,
Figure 1 is a sectional perspective view of a portion of an improved tyre
according to my invention.

page_text: Figures 2, 3 and 4 are sections of alternative constructions of tyre, also according
to my invention.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of part of one of my improved tyres on a wheel
rim, together with a device employed according to my invention for securing it in
position thereon, and
Figures 6 and 7 are perspective views of two of the details of Figure 5.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
With reference first to Figure 1, I may as shown in the drawing use an air
tube A of ordinary description and round this I place a cover B B' of more or less
ordinary description say for example male of rubber B and canvas or other
suitable material B₁ (the latter being at the inside of the rubber as shown or at
the outside or incorporated with it) and provide in one or both edges of the cover
a band C which may be made of flat steel or other suitable material and is
preferably nearly or quite as wide as the wheel rim D or the metal hoop E thereof,
to which the cover is to be applied; the ends of this band C may overlap to the
required extent and if desired the band may be rolled or otherwise formed of a
diameter smaller than that of the wheel to which it is to be applied so that to.
apply the tyre the band has to be sprung on to the wheel and thus holds it
securely, though other locking means such as a bolt and nut may be employed if
required.
Upon the cover either inside or out, but preferably inside I prefer to employ
two non-stretchable bands or hoops F of wire, cord or other suitable material
say by preference wire. These form as it were a purchase against which the
air pressure can be exerted so that when the tyre is blown up the ends of
the band or bands C are by the air pressure forced over each other thus
reducing or tending to reduce the diameter of the bands C so that they grip the
wheel the more firmly the harder the tyre is blown. When required and
particularly for heavy vehicles I may also insert material G to resist puncture.
between the air tube A and the cover B B¹ say for example a packing of asbestos,
or impenetrable plates or other material as will be well understood. If preferred
I may employ a band in the form of a strip of metal or a series of metal plates
preferably between the air tube and the asbestos or other packing for the purpose
of obtaining a rigid tread; this band may be carried on a piece of canvas or other
material the join of which may be centrally around the baud, it may then be
carried inside the cover round one of the hoops, up again to the band, along the
inner face thereof, down again to the second hoop, round that and back inside the
cover until it reaches the central portion of the outside of the band where it may
be solutioned or otherwise fixed. All these parts, the cover B B' the puncture-
proof material or packing G (which in addition to being puncture-proof assists in
shaping the tread of the tyre) the metallic band or bands C, and the hoops F may
be solutioned or otherwise permanently secured together and I prefer to make the
tyre in that form. The bands C in the edges may be quite loose in pockets B²
formed for their reception, and where two bands are employed, one in each edge as
in the example illustrated, they lie one on top of the other as shown and make a
particularly firm fastening. In Figure 2 I show an alternative construction of
tyre, wherefrom the hoops F are omitted and wherein a metal band H is
inserted between the air-tube A and the packing G to prevent puncture of the
former.
In the tyre illustrated in Figure 3 a band C in one edge only is used, the other
edge being formed of the canvas or other material of which the cover is made,
stiffened if desired or wired as shown and placed first upon the wheel rim and then
the edge with the band C in it placed upon that; in this case the extreme edge
of the cover without the band may be formed with a bead B³ hoop or other
device to prevent it from in any way slipping between the wheel rim and the
banded edge.
In the tyre illustrated in Figure 4 both edges of the tyre cover are wirel with
wires I and the wired edges are interlocked as shown; in addition one edge of the

page_text: cover has a band C in it and to preserve the symmetry of the cross section of
the tyre a filling J preferably a ring of indiarubber, of triangular cross-section is
retained in a pocket in the cover close to one edge of the band C one of the
wires I being close to the other edge. The packing G is not shown in this figure,
but it may be employed if desired.
The bands C may be secured by a wire hoop or other means placed round them
and tightened in any convenient manner or by being sprung on or by the pressure
of the air, or, as already explained, by any other suitable means, the bands or
band C being sufficient to firmly hold the tyre on to the wheel when the band
itself is held.
Where a rivet or other device is employed to keep the bands C from separating
aud the tyre from coming off in case of deflation, the rivet or equivalent may be
fixed in one band and passed through a slot in the other and into a hole in the rim
or metal hoop; this will allow of the overlapping ends of the band sliding one
upon the other in contracting or expanding. A convenient mode of retaining and
tightening one of the bands C is shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7; in these figures
both ends C C² of the band are turned up or hooked to receive the cylindrical
T-ends K of toggle arms K' which are più-connected to each other and to a rod L
which for part of its length is square and which passes through a squared hole in
the wheel rim projecting from the inner periphery thereof at its end L. Upon
the end L' is screwed a nut M whereby the toggle cau be adjusted to tighten or
slacken the band. The ends C of the band C are slotted at C³ to clear the
rod L, and the hooked end C2 is reduced in width sufficiently to enable it to pass
through the slot of the other end C' to engage with the toggle. The arms of the
toggle lie close to the wheel rim when the band C is finally adjusted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
1. Securing a pneumatic tyre to a wheel rim by a metal or unstretchable band
of approximately the width of the rim provided in one edge of the cover
substantially as described.
2. Securing a pneumatic tyre to a wheel rim by a metal or unstretchable band
of approximately the width of the rim provided in each edge of the cover and
adapted to be placed one upon the other substantially as described.
a metal or
3. A cover for a pneumatic tyre having in one or each edge
unstretchable band such as C of approximately the width of the wheel rim to
which it is applied substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. The combination in a cover for a pneumatic tyre of one or more bands
such as C and unstretchable rings such as F substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. In a pneumatic tyre the combination of one or more metal or unstretchable
bands such as C unstretchable rings such as F and puncture proof material or
packing such as G substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
6. The combination in a cover for a pneumatic tyre of one or more bands such
as C and a ring such as H substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
7. The combination in a cover for a pneumatic tyre of one or more bands such
as C a ring such as H and packing such as G substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. The combination in a cover for a pneumatic tyre of a band such as C and a
beaded stiffened wired or strengthened edge such as B3 with or without packing
such as G or a ring such as H substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
9. The combination in a cover for a pneumatic tyre of wired or beaded edges

page_text: a band such as in one of those edges with or without a filling such as Jor
packing such as Ĝ substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
10. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete
pneumatic tyre substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 or Figure 2
or Figure 3 or Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
11. In a pneumatic tyre the combination and arrangement of parts constituting
means for regulating the tension of a band such as C substantially as described
and illustrated in Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 19th day of June 1895
THOS. ROUSE.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.
THOS. ROUSE.
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.