IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ŰAKSUKETTING AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS BODIES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Burke Fogarty, of Warren, Massachusetts,
in the United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR ŰAKSUKETTING AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS BODIES:”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said, Thomas Burke Fogarty
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd November 1874.
I, THOMAS BURKE FOGARTY, of Warren, Massachusetts, in the United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS BODIES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to machines and apparatus for carburetting air
or other gaseous compounds or bodies, by mixing therewith the rich
hydrocarbon vapors derived from the distillation of petroleum or its
derivatives, but it refers more particularly to that class of carburetting
machines and apparatus in which bydrocarbon vapor formed under
pressure in a heated retort is blown at a high velocity through a small

page_text: and controlled, and applies equally to all the above-mentioned four
classes of machines. Each class however requires a special adaptation and
arrangement of the regulating and controlling devices which I term the
valve
gear.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to the safety devices by which
I obviate loss of gasoline or danger from fire resulting from a derango-
ment of the machine, and applies to all the machines included in the
above-mentioned classes.
I carry out the first part of my Invention which relates to the
automatic supply of hydrocarbon liquid under pressure to the apparatus
as follows: I place. the hydrocarbon liquid in a tank communicating
with the atmosphere by a small opening, and place my tank at such an
elevation that the hydrostatic pressure of the column of liquid in the
pipe connecting it with the retort will be equal to the desired pressure,
generally from ten to fifteen pounds to the square inch at the retort.
In most cases however, it is not convenient or desirable to use
hydrostatic pressure, and in these cases I place the hydrocarbon liquid in
a hermetically scaled tank, taking care not to fill the tank completely
with liquid, but to leave an air space into which I force air by means of
a small air pump until I have obtained the desired pressure, which I
ascertain by means of a pressure gauge of any of the ordinary con-
strutction attached to the tank or communicating therewith in any
desired manner, and I connect my tank and retort by a.pipe furnished
with suitable cocks or valves, taking care to arrange this pipe so that
it will always draw the hydrocarbon liquid from a point at or near the
bottom of the tank. Thic pressure of the compressed air in the tank will
now force the contained liquid into the retort. I now apply heat to the
latter and continue to do so until vapor begins to be formed, when the
vapor so formed will gradually force the liquid it contains back towards
the tank, but whenever the pressure in the retort falls on account of the
escape of part of the contained 'vapor, the clastic force of the compressed
air in the tank will force back into the retort, hydrocarbon liquid
sufficient to produce vapor to take the place of that which has been
allowed to escape from the retort, so that gasoline will be constantly and
automatically supplied to the retort, and a constant equilibrium will be
maintained between that and the tank.
The second part of my Invention which relates to heating and

page_text: a' flanged retort in such a manner that the top of the retort will also
form the top of the stove, and I construct the latter in such a manner
that there shall be between its interior and the surrounding atmosphere
of the gas house no communication pervious to flame. I heat the
retort for the gencration of vapor by the direct application of fire or by
steam, as I find most convenient, and for fuel I prefer to use a portion.
of the gas produced by the machine itself; and this I usually burn in a
cluster of burners placed under the retort. There are occasions.
however, when the retort is cold and I have no gas on hand or not a
sufficiency of gas wherewith to heat the retort at first. Upon such
occasions I draw some of the carburetted air from the tank through a
suitably connected pipe, or I pump air directly into the holder, causing it
to pass through a carburetting drip, in its passage through which it becomes
carburetted sufficiently to admit of its being burned like gas. When I
prefer to heat my retort by steam heat I cause high-pressure steam to
circulate through a chamber or coil of pipe placed within the retort and
provided with a suitable inlet, or I enclose my retort in an external
steam chamber, through which I cause steam to circulate, and sometimes
I combine these two methods of heating my retort, and arrange it so
as to apply the steam heat both internally and externally as already
described.
I carry out the third part of my Invention as follows:-When the
machines are intended to work intermittently, I connect with the gas
holder a suitable valve gear constructed so that whenever the gas holder
shall have risen to a certain height it will close the air and vapour
valves with a quick snap motion, and so stop the manufacture of gas
until as the consumption of gas proceeds the holder gradually becomes
emptied of gas; as it does it settles down in its tank until it reaches a.
certain point, when the vapour and air valves to which it is connected
are opened with a quick snap motion, thus restarting the manufacture of
gas, to be stopped again as soon as the holder shall have risen to its
normal point for closing the air and vapor valves and stopping the
manufacture of gas.
..
When the action of the machines is intended to be continuous I pass
through the jet or injector a conically shaped needle valve, and connect
it with a weighted gas holder or flexible diaphragm in such a manner
that any increase or diminution of pressure in the pipes will be felt in
the holder and cause it to rise or fall, thereby opening or closing the jet
'

page_text: and increasing or diminishing the supply of gas according to the
requirements of the consumption.
When the action of the machine is to be partly intermittent and partly
continuous, I connect my valve gear with the holder, as just described,
and construct it so that when there is a large number of burners lighted
the machine will work continuously, increasing or diminishing the
supply of gas by opening or closing the jet as just described; but when
the consumption of gas has been reduced to a certain point the vapor
valve will close with a quick suap motion, and thence forward the action
of the valve gear will be intermittent and will continue so until tho
increased consumption will demand an increased supply of gas, when the
valve gear will resume its continuous action.
When the action of the machine is not intended to be automatic I
dispense with the gas holder and the automatic mechanism connected
with it, and in lieu thereof substitute a simple injector of the ordinary
construction arranged so as to be opened or closed by hand. This class of
machine requires the constant care of an attendant, and is suitable
only for situations where there is not much variation in the number of
burners lighted.
I carry out the fourth part of my Invention by attaching to the valve:
gear of my machines as a part thereof or working in combination
therewith certain automatic devices intended to close the vapor valve,
and thus prevent loss of gasoline wherever a failure of pressure or other
derangement of the machine occurs; I also secure the safety from fire
of the machine by means of the fireproof stand already described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Burke Fogarty in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BURKE FOGARTY, of Warren, Massachusetts, in the United States of
America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the

page_text: thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Burke Fogarty, Her
special license, that I, the said Thomas Burke Fogarty, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Burke
Fogarty, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASEOUS BODIES," upon 1
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Burke Fogarty,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Burke Fogarty, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say) :-
My Invention relates to machines and apparatus for carburetting air
or other gaseous compounds or bodies by mixing therewith the rich
hydrocarbon vapors derived from the distillation of petroleum or its
derivatives; but it refers more particularly to that class of carburetting
machines and apparatus in which hydrocarbon vapor formed under
pressure in a heated retort is blown at a high velocity through a small
jet or opening into the mouth of a larger tube or chamber in such a
manner as to reduce and carry along with a large intervening volume of
air or other gaseous compound.
Carburetting machines of the above description may be divided into
four classes.
First. Machines and apparatus in which the process of carburation is
intermittent, and is regulated and controlled by the action of the machine
itself, which is automatically stopped and restarted according to the
requirements of the consumption, such automatic action being effected

page_text: by means of suitable machinery attached to and operated by the rising
and falling of a gas holder.
Second. Machines and apparatus in which the process of carburation
is continuous and constant, and which are regulated and controlled
according to the requirements of the consumption by the automatic and
partial opening and closing of a suitable injector valve suitably con-
nected with a gas holder or its equivalent.
Third. Machines and apparatus in which the process of carburation is
partly continuous and partly intermittent, they being constructed so as
to furnish a continuous supply of carburetted air or gas, and thus partake
of the nature of the second class of machines described when there is a
large number of burners lighted, but becoming automatically inter-
mittent in their action like the first class of machines described when
there are but a few burners lighted.
Fourth. Machines which are not, automatic in their action, and in
which the process of carburation must be watched over by an attendant,
and regulated from time to time, according to the requirements of the
consumption.
The first part of my Invention relates to supplying hydrocarbon liquid
continuously and automatically to the carburetting apparatus, and
applies equally to all the above-mentioned classes of machines.
The second part of my Invention relates to heating and vaporizing
the hydrocarbon liquid, and applies equally to all the above-mentioned
classes of machines.
The third part of my Invention relates to the mechanical devices
which I term the valve gear, by which the process of carburation is
regulated and controlled, and applics equally to all the above-mentioned
four classes of machines. Each class however requires a special adapta-
tion and arrangement of the regulating and controlling devices which I
term the valve gear.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to the safety devices by
which I obviate loss of gasoline or danger from fire resulting from a
derangement of the machine, and applics to all machines included in the
above-mentioned classes.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention I will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to

page_text: be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in order that
the same may be clearly understood I have annexed hereunto two
Sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with
figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof.
In Sheet 1 of the Drawings Fig. 1 shows an intermittent working
machine drawn in section.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, shows a section of the valve gear and holder of a
continuous action machine. The gasoline tank or reservoir and the
air pump are not shown in this or the following Figures as they are upon
exactly the same principle as those already shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 (Sheet 2) is a plan view, and Fig. 3 a partial section of the
valve gear of the apparatus represented at Fig. 1. Sheet 1, drawn to a
larger scale.
Fig. 4 shows a section of the injector of a machine whose action is
partly continuous and partly intermittent.
Fig. 5 shows a section of an injector which is not designed to be
automatic.
The remaining Figures on this Sheet are detached views of different
parts of the valve gear.
I shall now describe cach class of machine separately, referring as I
proceed to the Figure which illustrates each.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shows in section an intermittently working machine,
the construction and operation of which are as follows:-I place the
gasoline in a suitable tank or reservoir A which I connect with the
retort B of my machine by a suitable pipe O provided with the stop-
cock D. The gasoline is forced into the retort B under a pressure of
fifteen pounds to the square inch, more or less; such pressure when
practicable and convenient being procured by placing the tank A at
such an elevation above the machine that the weight of the liquid itself
will give the desired pressure. In most cases however it is impracticable
and inconvenient to do this, so that I usually prefer to use the well-
known device for forcing liquids by pneumatic pressure, as shown in the
Drawing. The tank A. (which is hermetically closed, as shown by the
plug a¹) is represented as being partially filled with liquid, as shown a

page_text: at a", and having an air space at top, as shown at a¹¹¹. I now by means
of the air pump E force air into the tank until the tension of the com-
pressed air in the tank equals the desired pressure, as indicated by a
gauge F. The clastic force of the compressed air acting upon the surface
of the liquid in the tank will now cause it to rise in the pipe C and flow
into the retort.
The pipe G, which is shown in section, extends down into the tank,
but so that there is a considerable space between the end of the pipe and
the bottom of the tank. This pipe serves as a test or gauge pipe by
which to learn when the liquid in the tank is nearly exhausted; it is
provided at top with a small cock, by opening which I can learn
whether the liquid in the tank has been exhausted to below the end of.
the pipe, for if the cock throws out a jet of liquid I know that the end
of G is still immersed in gasoline, but if it throws out a jet or stream of
air I know that the liquid has been exhausted to below the end of the
pipe. I now close the vapor valve H, and having opened the cock D
allow the liquid to enter and fill the retort B. I next open the cock I
upon the pipe J, taking care that the cock K upon the pipe L has been
previously closed so as to cut off communication between the pump E
and the tank A. I now by means of the pump E force air through 'the
pipe J into a small carburetting drip M communicating with the gas
holder and containing a small quantity of gasoline, in its passage
through which the air becomes carburetted sufficiently to admit of its
being burned as gas. I now light the burner S under the retort. It
will be remembered that the valve H was closed before allowing the
retort to fill with gasoline, consequently the only outlet from the retort
is the supply pipe C through which the gasoline entered it. Now as
soon as the retort attains sufficient heat vapor will begin to form, and as
it forms will displace the liquid in the retort and force it back to the
tank, for as communication is open between the retort and the tank it is
evident there must be a perfect equilibrium of pressure between them,
and as soon as the pressure in the retort exceeds that in the tank in the
slightest degree it will force its contents back to the tank and out of the
influence of the heat, so that no more vapor can form until some of that
in the retort is allowed to escape, when the pressure within it becomes
reduced below that in the tank, which immediately forces back to the
retort liquid for the formation of vapor sufficient to restore the
equilibrium.
"

page_text: I shall here describe the retort B, in which I convert the hydrocarbon
liquid into vapor, and the stove N, as these constitute an important
part of my Invention.
I construct my retort of any suitable material, but preferably of iron,
and furnish it with heat conducting flanges, as shown in Fig. 1. These
flanges answer the double purpose of serving as guides to retain the
retort in its proper position in the stove, and also as heat absorbers and
conductors. They also serve to distribute the heated products of com-
bustion more evenly over the surface of the retort. I also construct the
retort so that a flange attached to its top will form the top of the
stove. This flange is provided with a suitable outlet for the products of
combustion, and also with a circular flange ¹¹¹ made to fit into the space
between the walls o, o, of the stove N. The advantage of this con-
struction of the retort is that it greatly facilitates and cheapens the
construction of the machine as it enables me to dispense with the set ]
screws formerly used in constructing such machines. The circular
flange fitting between the walls o, o, of the stove N also serves to
render the point of contact between them and the retort impervious to
the passage of flame.
I construct my stove in such a manner that the fire within it will be
absolutely isolated from the interior of the gas house, thereby rendering
accident from fire impossible, and to this end I construct it in the
following manner:-I first make its walls o, o, double, that is with a
space between them, and by means of a circular flange 6 or its
equivalent, or in such other manner as may be most convenient, I make 2
the joint between the stove and the top of the retort impervious to the
passage of the flame so that it will be impossible for the burners within
the stove to communicate with and inflame an inflammable gaseous
mixture surrounding the stove externally. I also attach the door frame
of the stove (not shown in the Drawing) in such a manner that at its 3
points of junction with the side of the stove it will make a joint
impervious to flame. I also plane.the face of the door frame and of the
door itself so that when the door is closed the metals will be brought
into such close contact that the passage of the flame between them will
be impossible. I next connect the chimney with the stove by a joint 3
sufficiently tight to prevent the passage of flame, and I make the joints
of the chimney itself sufficiently tight for the same purpose. I make
the point of junction between the stove and the bed plate of the machine

page_text: and all the joints connected therewith as well as the holes through
which the gasoline pipe C and the pipe Q, through which gas is supplied
to the burner S, pass sufficiently tight to prevent the passage of flame.
I also make a flame proof joint around the stem R of the burner cock
of the burner S under the retort. In this or in an equivalent manner I.
isolate the interior of the stove from the external atmosphere or gasses
except through the flue T and the pipe U, through which air is supplied
for the support of the combustion within the stove, for as the heated
products ascend and escape through the pipe or chimney P a supply of
cold external air descends and enters the stove through the pipe U and
flue T. I carry these pipes U and T to the outside of the gas house, and
consequently these being the only means of communication with the
interior of the stove the latter is completely isolated from the atmo-
sphere or vapors contained in the gas house. I'do not however confine
myself to this method of isolating the interior of the stove as the same
purpose might be effected by enclosing the entire stove in an isolated
chamber, the opening of which would have no communication with the
interior of the gas house.
The method of inducing a current of air in a desired proportion by
means of a jet of vapor issuing at a high velocity through a small
opening into the mouth of a larger tube V has been so often described
as is so well understood that it is unnecessary for me to describe it here,
especially as I do not claim that there is any novelty in this part of my
Invention, nor do I claim that there is any novelty in an automatic gas
holder as the same has been often previously described, but I do claim
that there novelty, decided novelty in the valve gear hereafter described,
by the action of which the holder automatically regulates and controls
the manufacture and supply of gas according to the requirements of the
consumption. I also claim that there is decided novelty in the car-
buretting drip y, the float y¹, and the valve y", and also in the safety
float A, B, and these I shall now proceed to describe.
On reference to the Drawing it will be seen that the gas holder A, G,
H, is attached by the centre rod A, D, to the horizontal bars A, E,
which is hung in the stud A, M, under the stove, and carries at its pro-
jecting end the counterbalance weight A, F. The bar A, F, is connected
at the point e¹ by the rod A, C, to the lever A, H, to which it com-
municates the motions of the holder as it rises or falls so as to operate
the valve gear and automatically stop and restart the manufacture of

page_text: .
gas according to the requirements of the consumption. As represented
in the Drawings the valve H is open and the holder is being inflated with
gas, and consequently is rising out of the water seal. On examination of
the Drawing it will be seen that the vapor valve H is kept open by the
action of the weight No. 1 attached to the lever B, C, bearing down the
end of this lever to which it is attached, and so causing its upper end e¹¹
to press against the boss c¹¹¹ upon the stem of the valve H and thus hold
it open.
In the position in which the machine is represented in the Drawing
the lever B, C, is perfectly at rest and does not move at all, but as the
holder G, H, is inflated and rises out of the water, carrying with it the
lever A, H, a projecting spur B, D, upon the latter engages with a
similar spur B, E, upon B, C. The levers A, H, and B, C, now inter-
lock, and as the holder G, H, becomes inflated and rises have a corre-
sponding and simultaneous upward motion imparted to them. The
boss upon the valve stem is now set free from the pressure of e
which releases it, being forced to do so by the upward movement of B, C,
part of which it is, the valve H meanwhile continuing wide open. As
soon as the holder G, H, has risen to nearly the upper end of its stroke
detent n which works upon the gudgeon d'falls upon the projection e¹!!!
on the upper end e" of the lever B, C, and engages in it, preventing its
backward movement. This detent is actuated by the weight No. 2,
meanwhile a sector or cam " upon A, H, has been moving in unison
with it, and has been retaining in its position the lever d. This
lever d¹¹¹ carries a projecting pin m which rests upon the upper surface
of the sector d". Iimmediately however after the lever B, C, has been
locked in position by the detent n, as before mentioned, the sector d¹¹
passes from under the projecting pin m of the lever d", allowing the
weight No. 3 to operate this lever so as to bring its upper end m¹ to
bear upon the boss e¹¹ and close the vapor valve H, and simultaneously
with it the air valve m¹ connected with it by the rod n¹. The manu-
facture of gas being now stopped the holder G, H, commences to fall,
carrying with it the lever A, H; the lever B, C, however does not move
in unison with A, H, for it must be remembered that it has been locked
by the detent » falling behind it, so that as A, H, is carried downwards
by the falling gas holder the spurs B, D, and B, E, become unlocked
from each other and the lever B, C, remains stationery, its upper end en
being locked by the detent » into such a position that it shall not press

page_text: against the boss e¹¹¹, which as I have said before is acted on so as to keep
the valve H closed by the weight No. 3 acting on the lever " so as to
bring it to bear against it and so keep H closed; when however as the
holder descends carrying A, H, with it a projecting arm a, h, upon the.
latter raises the detent n and so releases B, C, the weight upon which
immediately operates it so as to bring its upper end e" against the boss
and throw open the vapor and air valves H and m¹ with a quick snap
motion. It will be remembered that the vapor valve had been opened
and kept open by the weight No. 3, bringing the upper end m² of the
lever to bear against the boss e", the weights No. 1 and No. 3, are
however so proportioned to each other that while No. 3 has power
enough to keep the vapor valve tightly closed against the pressure of
the vapor, No. 1 has power enough to open this valve against the
pressure of No. 3. Both sets of weights and lovers are thus made to act
alternately, their mutual dependence and reciprocal action being regu-
lated by the movements of the lever A, HI, which is in turn operated by
the rising and falling of the gas holder G, H.
Having described the working parts of the valve gear I shall now
describe the part played by the hanging bob ". This bob it will be
perceived is merely intended to keep in a vertical position a bracket
hung upon the gudgeon 22. The lever A, H, carries upon its hub a
spur projecting across this bracket, so that if by any chance the holder
should rise or fall above or below the normal limits of its movement, the
spur upon its hub will engage in the bracket attached to n", carrying it
with it and causing its upper end g¹ to describe a short arc of a curve;
now g¹ carries a projecting pin x which projects under and supports a.
corresponding pin or stud projecting from the arm " working upon
the gudgeon d, and having attached to it the weight No. 4. Now it.
has been said that the bracket is kept in a perpendicular position by the
hanging bob n" and it continues in this position as long as the holder
does not exceed to any extent the limits of its upward or downward
stroke. As soon however as this occurs, which can only be through
want of pressure or some derangement of the machine, the stud upon the
hub of A, H, engages as I have already said in the bracket, and carrying
it round with it causes its upper end g¹ to describe a short arc of a circlo
in consequence of which the projecting pin x upon g¹ becomes disengaged
from that pin z upon the arm ", which being thus released is actuated
by the weight No. 4 attached to it. Now the arm g" carries upon its hub

page_text: a spur g¹¹, so adjusted that it will not interfere with the normal working
of the lever ; as soon however as the arm g" is released through some
derangement of the machine, as already described, and is brought into
action by the weight No. 4, the spur g™ engages in d¹¹, which it has been
said is actuated by the weight No. 3; when the action of the combined
weights Nos. 3 and 4 being thus brought to bear upon d are sufficient to
close the valve even against the opposing influence of weight No. 1. Thus
the bob n¹¹ and the bracket g¹ remain perfectly quiescent during the normal
working of the machine and come into play only in case of loss of pressure
or other derangement of the machine, in which case they close the vapor
valve H and thus prevent an escape and consequent loss of gasoline.
It will be seen that by placing the counterbalance A, F, upon either
side of the stud A, M, the pressure of the gas holder G, H, can be
increased or diminished at pleasure. The weights are represented as
being suspended from the levers, but it is evident that fixed weights or
springs might in some cases be advantageously employed.
I shall now proceed to describe the carburetting drip. This drip
serves for a double purpose. As I have already said I use it as a
means of carburetting air for the purpose of heating the retort on
starting the machine when there is not a supply of gas on hand for that
purpose. I also use it as a safeguard or preventive against an overflow.
and consequent loss of gasoline. If a derangement should occur when
there is a large number of lights burning and there is consequently a
heavy consumption of gas and the holder should consequently rise or
fall above or below the normal points for reversing its motion, the bracket
will release the arm n which will fall and close the vapor valve so as to
prevent a loss of gasoline. If however such derangement should occur
when there are but a few burners lighted an overflow of gasoline would be
likely to take place. The vapor produced by the warm gasoline would
probably be sufficient to feed the few burners lighted, consequently the
gasoline would continue to overflow, and though a time would eventually
come when the arm n² would be brought into action so as to stop the flow
of gasoline by closing the vapour valve, a considerable loss of gasoline
would however take place meanwhile. It is for the purpose of preventing
this loss by hastening the action of n¹ and making it almost coincident
with the first overflow of gasoline through the jet H that I have devised
the combination of the carburetting drip Y, float y', and valve y", as
shewn in the Drawing, for the moment gasoline begins to come over, it

page_text: tho
will flow into the drip Y when the float y' will raise the valve y¹,
consequence of which will be a rapid escape of gas from the holder, the
same as if there was a large number of burners lighted. The holder will
fall rapidly and thus bring the arm 12' into operation so as to close
the jet H and stop the further flow of gasoline.
now
I will now describe the float A, B, inside the holder G, H, on the top
of the outlet pipe O, P. This float is intended to prevent the water in
the holder tank being allowed to fall too low, for in this case the float
will fall with the water and the cap p on the top will close the outlet
pipe O, P, and stop the flow of gas so that the water scal must be
renewed before the machine can be used again. When the machine
is working the gas enters the outlet pipe through openings at the
sides p².
When the action of the machine is intended to be continuous I
construct it in exactly the same manner as I have already described in
speaking of intermittently working machines so far as the gasoline tank
pump and fireproof stove are concerned, consequently I have not shewn
these parts in the Drawing, Fig. 1, Sheet 2, which only shows the gas
holder vapor jet D and the valve B, and the mechanism by which they
are operated, these being the only particulars in which a continuous
action machine differs from that just described. In order the better to
illustrate the principle I have shown in the Drawing my valve gear as
being placed in the inside of the holder and have represented the latter
as being covered by a flexible diaphragm. It will be understood however
that by a very slight modification of the arrangements the mechanism of
the three first classes of machines described can be placed indifferently
in the inside or on the outside of the holder, and that in all cases a
flexible diaphragm can be substituted for a holder sealed in water, and
vicé versa, a holder sealed in water for a flexible diaphragm.
I construct the valve gear and holder of my continuous action machine
as follows:-By means of the connecting rod A I connect the conically
pointed needle valve B with the arm F attached to the top of the gas-
holder C in such a manner that as the holder rises or falls it will increase
or diminish the flow of gas through the jet D. In the Drawing the top
of the holder is represented as a flexible diaphragm C. This may be
effected by an ordinary lever crank operating so as to open or close the
valve, and so regulate the supply of gas according to the requirements.

page_text: of the consumption; but I prefer the arrangement shewn in the Drawing,
in which the slotted arm E is used only to open the valve wider, and so
increase the supply of gas, for it is evident that as the holder top C, to
which E is attached, falls, it must overcome the resistance of the spring F,
and withdraw the conical valve B from the jet D. It will be seen
however that the rising of the arm. E does not directly close the jet D;
it however does so indirectly, for as soon as the holder C rises, and the
pressure which holds the valve B back against the pressure of the
spring F is removed this spring automatically moves the valve B, so as
to suit the supply of gas to the requirements of a diminished consump-
tion. The arm E thus acts positively in opening the valve against the
opposition of the spring F, and negatively in withdrawing its pressure
upon B, so as to allow the spring F to close the valve so as to meet the
requirements of a diminished consumption. So far the opening and
closing of the jet D is effected on the principle of the ordinary gas
governor. I however weight my holder and regulate the pressure
thereof by means of the tube G connected with a shifting weight g',
represented by mercury or other fluid, which as the holder rises and the
end H is clevated shifts to the other side of the fulcrum I, thereby
diminishing the pressure of the holder; on the other hand, when the
holder falls, the weight is thrown more to the end of the pipe, it is
evident that any other shifting weight, a heavy sector for instance,
might be made to answer equally well.
By means of the peculiar combination of the arm E, rod A, and
spring F, I provide against a derangement of the machine, such as
would cause the holder C to rise or fall above or below its normal limits,
for, by following the curved line a, a, it will be seen that the valve B
has been withdrawn to its furthest limit whenever the pine working in
the slot of the arm E has fallen to the line b, b, and that further dimi-
nution of pressure in consequence of increased consumption or from any
other cause will have the effect of closing the valve jet D, and stopping
the supply of gas altogether. In a word, that stopping of the machine
will be the result of an excessive movement of E to either side of the
line b, b. I provide for the instant removal of the valve B without
deranging the mechanism of the machine by enclosing its end c¹ in a
pipe d¹, to which the valve is made fast by a pin " outside the casing
of the holder. It must be evident that by withdrawing this pin the
valve B can be instantly withdrawn without disturbing the other parts

page_text: of the machine. The end of the valve stem where it passes through the
casing of the holder is covered by the cap K to prevent leakage. M
shows the pipe through which the vapor from the retort passes to the
jet D, and N shows the pipe through which air enters. As the supply
of air must be continuous, as well as the action of the machine, this pipe
is merely provided with a register or cock O for regulating the proportion
of air to be mixed with the vapor.
When I wish to make my machine partly intermittent and partly
continuous in its action I effect, my object by making a slight alteration
in the construction of the valve gear above described in treating of tho
intermittently working machines. Instead of making A, C, a simple
poppet valve with a long projecting needle guido, I interpose between
the seat of the valve A and the needle guide B, Fig. 4, a straight
portion C and a conical portion D, and I adjust the spurs upon the
levers A, H, and B, C, to one another and to the detent n in such a
manner that when there is a large number of burners lighted the conical
part D of the valve A, C, will oscillate backwards and forwards through
the jet E, automatically regulating the flow of vapor through E, and
making the manufacture and supply of gas continuous, as already
described in treating of the action of the conical valve D, Fig. 1, Sheet 2,
of continuous action machines. When however a diminished consump-
tion of gas shall have caused the conical part D of A, C, to enter the
jet E as far as the point F of division between the conical part D and
the straight part of C of A, C, the detent n, Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 2, will
be thrown up so as to allow the valve to close altogether, when the action
of the machine will automatically become intermittent, and continue so
as long as the number of burners in use does not exceed that capable of
being supplied through the jet E when the straight part C of A, C, is
inserted through it. As soon however as the consumption of gas becomes
greater than the annular space around the straight part C of A, C is
able to supply the continued falling of the gas holder, will cause the
conical part D to enter the jet, when the machine will automatically
resume its continuous action. With the exception of the alterations just
described I construct this modification of my machine in the manner
already described in treating of intermittently acting machines.
When my machine is not intended to be automatic I construct the
tank, pump, retort and stove exactly as already described in treating of
intermittently working machines, but I use no gas holder or automatic
B

page_text: valve gear, instead of which I connect my retort with the pipe A of an
injector B (Fig. 5) of the ordinary construction, so that the vapor from
the retort will be blown through the jet C across the air chamber D, and
into the mouth of the induction pipe E, which I connect directly with
the gas pipes of the building to be lighted. In any suitable position, as
at F, I attach to the air chamber D a suitable register, by means of
which the quantity of air drawn in and the consequent quality of the gas
may be regulated.
The action of the machine is very simple, for as soon as vapor has
been formed in the retort, as already described in treating of intermit-
tently working machines, upon opening the valve G it will flow
continuously through the jet C, across the air chamber D, and into the
mouth of E, drawing in with it a suitable proportion of air, as already
described in treating of continuous action machines, when a steady
supply of gas is supplied to the pipes. As however the machine is not
automatic the valve G must be opened or closed from time to time by an
attendant, so as to regulate and manufacture the supply of gas, according
to the requirements of the consumption.
When any of the machines described in this Specification is to be used
for carburetting air I cause it to take in the air, as already described,
through a suitable register, but when I use these machines for car-
buretting gaseous bodies other than air, or already partly mixed with air
and confined in a holder or in pipes or in any other suitable receptacle, I
connect the vessel containing the gaseous body to be carburetted with
the air pipe of my machine in such a manner that I may effect-the car-
buration of the body to be operated on in the same manner as if it were
air, and as I have already described in treating of carburation of air; and
in order the better to control and regulate the proportions of the mixture
and the degree of carburation, I place at any convenient point of the
pipe connecting the vessel containing the gaseous mixture about to be
carburetted and the air chamber of my machine a suitable register or
valve, by means of which I may be able to control the proportions of the
mixture of the several gases and vapors and the consequent degree of
carburation. I would also have it understood that wherever I have
used the words "air, air pipe or pipes, air valves, or air gas," these
words are meant to refer to any other gaseous body equally well as to
air, as also to pipes for conveying such gaseous body, and to valves for
regulating and controlling its flow, and the proportions of its mixture

page_text: with the hydrocarbon vapor, and the consequent extent of its carbura-
tion, and that the word air gas is intended to designate and describe
under one generic term all illuminating gases formed from the mixture
of any illuminating or non-illuminating gaseous body with air.
Having now .described the nature and object of my said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that,—
1st. I claim in automatically working gas machines two weighted
levers B, C, and D₁₁, alternately opening and closing the vapor valve H
and the air valve m¹¹ of such machines, substantially as described.
2nd. I claim a lever A, H, furnished with one or more sectors or
cams d", and one or more spurs B, D, and also with one or more arms,
substantially as described.
3rd. I claim the combination of the subjects of the first and second
claims with one another and with the gas holders of automatically
working gas machines, substantially as described.
•
4th. I claim the combination of a weighted detent n and lever B, C,
substantially as described.
5th. I claim the combination of a weighted arm g" with a lever A, H,
and bracket, substantially as described.
6th. I claim the combination of the subject matter of the 5th claim,
with a lever d¹¹, substantially as described.
7th. I claim in automatically working gas machines a retort B, con-
structed substantially as described.
Sth. I claim in automatically working gas machines a stove N, so
constructed that the flame within it shall be entirely isolated from the
atmosphere of the gas house, substantially as described.
9th. I claim in automically working gas machines the combination of
a lever A, E, and weight A, F, for the purpose of increasing or dimi-
nishing the pressure of the gas_holder, substantially as described.
10th. I claim in automatically working gas machines the carburetting
drip Y, substantially as described.
11th. I claim in automatically working gas machines, when intended
to work continuously, the arrangement of gas holder and valve gear

page_text: shown and described with reference to Fig. 1, Sheet 2, of the annexed
Drawings.
12thly. I claim in automatically working gas machines,-when intended
to be partly intermittent and partly continuous in their action, the modi-
fication shown and described with reference to Fig. 4, Sheet 2, of the 5
Drawings.
And, 13thly. In gas machines, which are not intended to work auto-
matically, I claim the modification shown and described with reference
to Fig. 5, Sheet 2, of the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Burke Fogarty, have here- ]
unto set my hand and scal, this Eighth day of April, in the
_ year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witnessed by
JOHN HUGHES,
Clerk to George Davies, C.E.,
Patent Office,
4, St. Ann's Sq.,
THºs. B. FOGARTY. (L.S.)
Manchester.