matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN. AND PISTOL BARRELS AND IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Richard Burr at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1866...
I, ARTHUR RICHARD BURR, of Hales Owen, in the County, of Worcester,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of, the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN. AND PISTOL BARRELS AND IN MACHINERY
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in manufacturing gun and pistol barrels by
coiling up small or narrow rods of a suitable quality of gun iron into a helical
shape, and then at a welding heat consolidating the whole together by end
pressure or percussion, so as to form a rough tube or gun barrel mould. I
roll out and elongate the said tube or gun barrel mould to the shape required
by means of an ordinary pair of gun barrel rolls, using a mandril for support-
ing the barrel internally during the rolling process; or the mould may be.
elongated and shaped by the machinery herein-after described.
My Invention consists, secondly, in manufacturing twisted or plain gun
and pistol barrels by elongating partially formed barrels or moulds by the
action of a machine consisting essentially of three rolls rotating in the
same direction. The said rolls are about four or five inches in diameter and
about the same length. Two of the said rolls are in the same horizontal
plane, and the third is in a higher horizontal plane and equidistant from each
of the lower rolls. Lines joining the ends of the axes of the rolls form an
equilateral triangle. The gun barrel mould to be operated upon is placed

page_text: in the space between the three rolls, and subjected to pressure by the rolls
being brought nearer together by screws. The rolls may be slightly conical,
and their leading edges removed, which arrangements enable the rolls to put
a gradually increasing pressure upon the gun barrel mould. One or more
of the rolls may be scored helically to aid in drawing in the gun barrel
mould, which mould by repeated heatings and the action of the machine will
be brought to the required shape.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of à machine for twisting.the bars of gun
iron for best gun barrels as the strands of a rope are twisted. The machine
consists of a small pinion wheel having a hollow axis, through which the iron
to be twisted is drawn, and also of a rack and pinion for drawing the iron
through as it is twisted, the whole being connected together by suitable
gearing for varying the speeds and degress of twist and fixed upon an iron
frame or bed. The bar of heated iron being put through the hollow axis is
held fast by'a clamp 'on the rack; motion being then given to the machine
the bar is rapidly turned round on its axis while it is slowly drawn through
by the rack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING COMBS AND HACKLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richards Harding and
Thomas Walter Harding at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd November 1866.
We, THOMAS RICHARDS HARDING, of Leeds, Machinist, and THOMAS
WALTER HARDING, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRILLING
COMBS AND HACKLES," to be as follows:-
The circle and other combs or hackles at present used in treating fibrous
materials are usually made of brass, and are set with steel pins which are
driven tight into holes suitably drilled for their reception, and when the brass
or other material of such combs is thick the holes are apt to run into each
other at the back, on account of the necessary slenderness of the drills, and
this divergence of the holes besides making the combs irregular renders them
liable to split when the pins are driven in.
Our improvements consist in using two drills working opposite to each
other, so that the holes drilled from contrary sides of the brass coincide in the
middle and form one straight hole. The drilling heads are such as are com-
monly used, and are so fitted on to the slide which carries them that their
drills are exactly opposite to each other; these may be made to enter the
brass or stock simultaneously or alternately in opposite directions as may be
most convenient, the distance of penetration being regulated by the class of
work to be done.

page_text: Our improvements further consist in an arrangement by which we make the
above-described apparatus self-acting; we effect this by connecting together
the two drilling heads or their spindles by a rod or bar furnished with suitable
adjusting screws for varying the distance of the heads or spindles from one
another; one of the heads or the connecting bar is actuated by a cam or
eccentric fixed into a small shaft, which is driven by a belt or wheel in con-
nection with the driving power. The ratchet wheel on the dividing screw
(which serves to regulate the distance of the boles from each other) is also
actuated by means of a rod which is worked in a suitable manner from the
small shaft before mentioned, the motion of such rod being so arranged that
the screw is only acted upon when the drills are disengaged; by these means,
and by the regulating screws attached to each drilling head, we are enabled to
move the drills so as to enter a small distance at a time into the stock; this
operation is repeated a sufficient number of times until the holes are drilled
quite through the stock.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Adams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1866.
I, ARTHUR JOHN ADAMS, of Devonport, in the County of Devon, Naval
Outfitter, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS AND LATCHES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My improvements being applicable more particularly to the class of locks
and latebes necessary for the fastening of doors, I will describe a lock suitable
for that purpose. The bolt, by preference, works pendulous from a centre,
maintaining its position from gravitation or a spring; the latter I prefer. This
bolt or catch may be acted on by a handle and spindle, so arranged that it
may be adapted for the various thicknesses of doors to which they may be
applied. In order to keep the bolt extended as in the condition of a lock, a
series of tumblers (which may be varied in quantity to any given or indefinite
number) are so arranged that when elevated and retained by a toothed lever,
an opening is formed in the tumblers for a portion of the bolt or catch to fall
in, when the catch or lock will be in a condition of being unfastened; but
this portion may be varied in its shape to suit any variation of form desired in
the series of tumblers, and as additional security the projections on the key for
actuating the tumblers may be transposed at pleasure, the tumblers being
arranged accordingly; thus the condition of the lock as secure fastening may
be varied at the caprice of the owner.

page_text: The operation of unlocking so as to permit the catch or bolt to retire within
the lock case is effected in the ordinary way by inserting the key and turning
it in one direction, which will elevate or place the tumblers in a position to be
retained by the toothed lever before mentioned, and by reversing the key the
toothed lever will be elevated at its largest end, so as to withdraw the teeth
from the respective tumblers, thereby allowing them to assume a position that
prevents the bolt or catch of the lock being retired.
I have not thought it necessary to describe any modification, but such
modification can be effected so as to render the peculiar mechanism here
described applicable for affording great protection as well as for ordinary use.
If used for a till or drawer lock I actuate the tumblers as well as the bolt by
springs instead of depending upon their falling by gravitation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chew, John Chew, and
West John Lucas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd April 1866.
We, WILLIAM CHEW, Weaver, JOHN CHEW, and WEST JOHN LUCAS, Joiners
and Builders, all of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of arranging the "swell" and apparatus
connected therewith in such manner that all pressure or hold on the shuttle
when in the shuttle box is removed before the loom "picks." We also apply
a strong "hinge spring" at the back of the shuttle box, which enables us to
dispense with the ordinary "back board spring."
In constructing looms according to our Invention we fix to the back of the
shuttle box a stud on which are placed two bosses, each boss being provided
with an arm or projection, one of which arms or projections is actuated at
each revolution of the crank shaft by a rod or pin fixed to the crank arm of
the loom; the other arm or projection acts on the ends of the swell (which is
elongated), drawing the said swell back or outwards, and removing all pressure
from the shuttle before the loom picks; or instead of the stud and arms or
projections a strap of leather or india-rubber may be attached to the crank

page_text: arm, or other "going part" of the loom) and to the swell in such manner
as to withdraw the pressure or hold from the shuttle before the loom
picks.
The arrangement above described admits of the use of metal pickers with
great advantage, because much less power or force is required in propelling 5
the shuttle from shuttle box to shuttle box.
In- PROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND RAISING WINDOW BLINDS, CURTAINS, MAPS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hoffman and George
Rowe Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th July 1866.
JOHN WILLIAM HOFFMAN, Gentleman, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, and GEORGE ROWE WILSON, India-rubber Manufacturer, of the
same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN AN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND RAISING WINDOW BLINDS,
CURTAINS, MAPS, AND THE LIKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of an endless cord made of
india-rubber, either covered or not, or interwoven or not with silk, wool,
cotton, linen, or any other material for the purpose of pulling up or letting
down or maintaining in their places window curtains or blinds, or the rolling
up or unrolling of maps and the like, which cord may be used either by
slinging it over the ordinary window roller and carrying it round a single
wheel, or on a similar wheel with a frame having a catch spring fitting to a
rack on either side. We claim the use of the india-rubber cord and the catch
spring adjusted to a rack on either side.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REEDS FOR WEAVING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
May 1866.
I, JOHN CARTER RANSDEN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Reed
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REEDS FOR WEAVING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
According to my Invention I make a reed sufficiently firm to answer all
practical purposes and yet with a great degree of elasticity without using india-
rubber or any similar elastic substance. The means by which I accomplish
this is as follows:-I use balks or ribs of thin soft sheet metal or other
material; each rib is shaped to a semicircular or trough-like form; the dents
are at each end enclosed between two such ribs, and the ribs are lapped with
either dry band or band run through some composition to give it a slight
stickiness. When the reed is made I place it under a press and press it
sufficiently to cause the dents to partly insert themselves into the thin edges
of the metal ribs, thereby they are held sufficiently firm and yet retain all
their clasticity; I prefer to make the ribs of sheet zinc. In making reeds
where it is not advisable to apply so much pressure, and if I think the reed
is not sufficiently firm, I then pour down inside the ribs a composition which
will set hard without attaching itself to the deuts. I have found a mixture
of glue and finely-powdered chalk to answer very well, first as a precaution

page_text: passing a greasy sponge through the ribs. When the composition is used,
hollow wood ribs might be employed but not so effectively. Reeds made in
this way obtain on the one hand all the advantage of elasticity, and on the
other they retain all the simplicity of construction and cheapness of manu-
facture of the ordinary reed.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND OTHER LIKE OR ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Lamb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1866.
I, EPHRAIM LAMB, of 54, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES AND OTHER LIKE OR ANALOGOUS
STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the adaptation and application of certain
combinations of compound levers, such as those employed in the instrument
called "lazy-tongs," in the formation of bridges and such like structures, and
is especially applicable in the construction of bridges for military purposes,
street bridges, and in other cases in which the rapid or economical con-
struction of a bridge is required. For military purposes series of compound
levers such as those before-mentioned are employed, and as the entire system
is capable of compression or extension by simply applying the requisite power
to any one section of the system a bridge may be laid across a stream with
great rapidity, the series of compound levers being supported by means of
pontoons or other analogous contrivances at any desired points, from which
the same in any number may be extended in succession. The systems of
levers thus employed may be compressed and withdrawn with the same
rapidity and facility as that with which they have previously been extended.
For the purpose of crossing streets at an elevation above the ground this
Invention affords simple and expeditious means, as the series of compound

page_text: levers of which the bridge is to be primarily composed are readily extended
after one end thereof has been firmly secured to suitable bearings or founda-
tions on one side of the space which is to be crossed, and the latter having
been so spanned the requisite flooring or footways and protective railings or
fencings can then be attached without difficulty. For the construction of the
levers wood or iron or any other suitable material of any form or section
which will impart sufficient strength and rigidity to the structure may be
employed, and the pivots or centres by which the several parts of the com-
pound levers are connected together should be formed of strength proportioned
to the strain they are intended to bear.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dore, John Tapley, and
Joseph Cordwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th January 1866.
WE, WILLIAM DORE, JOHN TAPLEY, and JOSEPH CORDWELL, all of
Ardwick, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanics, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PREPARING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:---
Our Invention relates to that portion of apparatus employed in preparing
cotton called the carding engine, and to that part of such machine termed
the "doffing comb" and combstock, and the Invention is designed to
impart to the "doffing comb" the required rapid reciprocating or vibra-
tory motion.
The improvements consist in the application, adaptation, and use of a
peculiarly shaped boss to act upon the combstock and to impart the
required vibratory motion thereto; this boss is similarly formed to the dia.
gram shewn thus
that is to say, all parts of its surface

page_text: other, as at b, c, are the same distance from the axis, so that as it revolves
the pressure is gradually transferred (by the action of its peculiarly shaped
surface against or upon any other surface in contact with it) from the
end 6 to the end c laterally in a somewhat spiral or winding course along
and around the surface of the boss, which action combined with its vertical
pressure (like a graduating double eccentric) imparts an undulating or
vibratory motion to the surface in contact with its surface. This motion
may be applied to the combstock by means of a plate which is to be in
contact with the boss being of a corresponding form; this plate secured to
the combstock being caused to oscillate by the boss transmits the recipro-
cating or oscillating motion to the combstock as required. We would also
remark that this motion may be applied in several manners and that the
surface of the boss may be either slightly curved or not, but the feature of
the Invention is the use of the. peculiarly, designed boss before described,
and to impart a reciprocating or vibratory motion to the combstock and
comb in carding engines .thereby.
IMPROVE- HENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bruckshaw Simon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1866.-A communication from abroad by John Thomas
Jones, residing at New York, United States of America.
I, SAMUEL BRUCKSHAW SIMON, of 7, Castle Street, Falcon Square, in
the City of London, trading under the Firm of "William Young, Edwards,
and Co., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
HENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hats and in apparatus employed therein. The felt of which the hat is
to be made is first brought to a form somewhat like that of a sugar loaf, as
is now usual, and it is then put on a conical frame consisting of a number
of ribs or bars arranged at uniform distances apart around a central axis;
over the frame is another, consisting of a number of arms with friction.
pulleys at their ends, and this latter frame is forced down upon the felt in
the first frame in such manner that each of the friction pulleys enters
between two of the ribs of this frame. As the outer frame descends the
arms which carry the pulleys are governed by a suitable pattern or form,
which causes them to enter between the ribs to any desired extent, and
stretch the felt at the points required. In this way especially the formation
of a brim is commenced. The felt having been thus prepared (or other-

page_text: wise) passes to another apparatus in which its edge or brim all round is
held tight between two discs, and whilst so held it is forced on to a cylin-
drical form which is open at the end, and then a plunger or former comes
against the portion of the felt which is strained over the top of the cylinder
(and which corresponds with the crown of the hat), and pushes it into the
interior of the cylinder, the clamping plates, which still hold the brim tight
by moving in "the opposite direction to the plunger or former to allow of
it being done. In this manner the whole of the felt which forms the sides
of the hat is, whilst tightly strained, drawn over the edge of the cylindrical
form, by which means the hat is quickly brought approximately to the
shape required. When removed from the machine the hat is finished as
heretofore. It is desirable that the felt should be kept hot and moist by
means of steam whilst it is being submitted to the treatment above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas M.Comas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1866.-A communication from abroad by Samuel William
Maquay, of the Borough of Footscray, near the City of Melbourne, in
the County of Bourke, in the Colony of Victoria, Electro-chemical
Plater and Gilder.
I, THOMAS McCOMAS, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING
SUNKEN VESSELS,” (a communication from abroad by Samuel William Maquay,
of the Borough of Footscray, near the City of Melbourne, in the County of
Bourke, in the Colony of Victoria, Electro-chemical Plater and Gilder, to
be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention has reference to facilitating the raising of sunken ships or
vessels in deep or shallow waters by employing for the above purpose the
generation and expansion of hydrogen or other aeriform gases within any
suitable apparatus, by the agency and buoyancy of which the said ships or
vessels are raised, and consists of a number of bags or like receptacles
(rendered water-tight by a coating of gutta percha or otherwise) being placed¸
in the hold or otherwise attached to the ship or vessel by a strong network of

page_text: cord proportioned to the size and weight to be raised, which said bags are
then inflated or charged with hydrogen or other light gases generated within
strong boxes, barrels, or otherwise, by the action of acids on metals or other
substances; the said operation being effected either underneath or on the
surface of the water, as may be found suitable.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRINTING AND FINISHING ALL MATERIALS WHERE ULTRAMARINE COLORS ARE USED
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Paraf at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1866.
I, ALFRED PARAF, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRINTING AND FINISHING ALL MATERIALS WHERE ULTRAMARINE COLORS
ARE USED," to be as follows:-
In finishing textile fabrics, paper, and similar materials, ultramarine blue
is used to give the blue tint required for a good white, but as ultramarine is
very easily decomposed by acids or acid salts used in the finish, it is very often
the case, as in papers or cotton goods, quite useless, not only because the blue
color is destroyed, but also because the decomposition of the blue causes
sulphurous gases, and shows a yellow residue, which affects the white.
My Invention consists in preventing the altramarine colors being destroyed
by acids, acid salts, or other bodies, either in the finishing process or in the
state of color to be printed upon textile fabrics, or to be used for tinting in
blue papers or other materials, which I accomplish by introducing in the
finish containing ultramarine colors, or in the ultramarine color to be printed,
sacharates of alkalies, using by preference the sacharate of lime, which in this
case not only neutralizes the acids, but also prevents oxydation and fermen-
tation, either of the thickening matter used in the color, or of the starch,
gum, or other materials used in the finishing process. The quantity of

page_text: sacharate of lime will vary according to the quantity of acid or acid salts
contained in the finish or color; but according to such variations from 5
to 12 or 15 per cent. may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF MALT, GRAINS, OR BREWERS' REFUSE AS A MANURE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred George Lock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1866.
I, ALFRED GEORGE LOCK, of Roseland Millbrook, Hampshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
AND APPLICATION OF MALT, GRAINS, OR BREWERS' REFUSE AS A MANURE," to be as
follows:-
Grains or the husks of malt after brewing or the refuse grain after
distillation is valuable as a manure, and can be used with advantage as a
dressing for grass or corn in their natural state, but I prefer placing the grains
in an ordinary press of a similar construction to a wine press, and expressing
from them all their moisture; then breaking the cakes or masses of compressed
grains into pieces by passing through an ordinary bone mill, and then grinding
them into dust through ordinary millstones. They can also be mixed either in
their natural state or prepared as above with other substances, when I prefer
using ordinary superphosphate or bone dust in about equal quantities.
But I more especially claim the use of grains as a manure, whether
prepared or in their natural state, or whether mixed with the above substances
or used alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREEN AND BLUE COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1866.-A communication from abroad by Alcide Poirrier
and Charles Ohappat, fils, residing at 23, Rue d'Hauteville, Paris, in
the Empire of France.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREEN AND BLUE COLORING MATTERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of green
and blue coloring matters. On the violet and by preference on the violet blue
matters obtained by the processes described in the Provisional Specification
filed by me on the 23rd day of July in the present year (No 1912), there are
caused to react the iodides, bromides, or other salts of an alcoholic base in the
proportion of 1 to 3 equivalents. The iodide of methyl or the iodide of ethyl
or a mixture of the two with or without the addition of an alcohol is
employed.
The operation is conducted in a close vessel under pressure at a temperature
of 100 to 120 degrees centigrade, or in a cohobation apparatus at a tempera-
ture of 80 to 100 degrees centigrade; I continue the operation during 18 to
24 hours, according as it is wished to develop more or less of green coloring
matters or of blue coloring matters. The addition of a small quantity of
sulphuric acid, say the fifth part of the weight of the violet matter employed,

page_text: causes the development of more green coloring matter, similarly the alcoholic
salt may be caused to react upon the violet in the basic state.
The process may be conducted as follows:-There is put into a vessel of
enamelled iron one part by weight of violet matter, two parts by weight of
iodide of methyl, two parts by weight of methyline, and one-fifth part by
weight of sulphuric acid; the whole is heated for 24 hours to a temperature
of 100 degrees centigrade; then from 10 to 15 parts of boiling water aro
added and allowed to stand for some time, and the liquid is saturated with
weak soda, the green coloring matter remains in solution, and in this state it
is suitable for dyeing silk, wool, cotton, and other matters. The blue is in
the state of a rather viscous precipitate; it is generally mixed with a small
quantity of untransformed violet matter, from which it is separated by exhaust-
ing it with boiling water mixed with a small quantity of acid or alcohol;
the blue coloring matter is in solution in the water, in this state it is suitable
for dyeing. By acting in the same way on aniline and rosaniline violets the
same results are obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Sanderson and Robert
Sanderson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th December 1866.
We, PETER SANDERSON and ROBERT SANDERSON, both of Galashiels, in the
County of Selkirk, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in the manufacture
of twist yarns, which improvements specially consist in the production of a
certain appearance on the yarns by which their use for fancy weaving is
thereby rendered more adaptable than heretofore.
The essential feature of the yarn consists in the introduction at certain
intervals of "spots" or "lengths," which are produced by the double twisting
of one of the threads at these intervals.
The machinery by which this effect is produced consists in addition to the
ordinary throstle of a lever having a vertical reciprocatory motion imparted to
it by means of an eccentric or cam working below the rollers; the threads to
be twisted pass through guides in the outer end of this lever, and as the
ordinary twisting process is continued the movement of the eccentric causing
the lever to vibrate brings one of the threads back over the body of the yarn,
thus doubling the twist on this portion, and thereby producing the spotty
appearance. In place of using an ordinary guide at the end of the vibrating

page_text: lever it is provided with a cross lever, at each end of which a set of prongs are
placed through which the spotting yarn passes; the friction on the thread as
it passes through the prongs causing a drag by which the twist or spots are
better produced. After having passed through the guiding lever in the
manner herein-before described the yarn is wound off on to bobbins in the
ordinary manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON GIRDERS AND JOISTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Heathfield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May 1866.
.I, WALTER HEATHFIELD, of Upper Thames Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON GIRDERS AND JOISTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of iron girders and
joists consists in forming the top and bottom flanges (or either of them) in
these articles of a curved or convex shape in their cross section. By this
means the rigidity and strength of the girder or joist will be greatly increased
without adding to the weight, taking strength for strength. The Invention
is applicable as well to rolled iron joists as to built up or box girders. ¦
In carrying out the Invention I prefer to make the cross section of the
flange in the arc of a circle, if found more convenient in rolling the joists
may first be made of a T, or double T, or I form in the usual manner, and
then the flange or flanges are afterwards to be pressed, stamped, or hammered
into the required convex form. In making built up or box girders one or
more pieces of angle iron with the top flange pressed into the required form
are riveted to a piece or web of iron much in the same way that ordinary
angles are used in girder making. One, two, or more sets of convex angle
iron pieces may be riveted to the same vertical web piece so as to give

page_text: additional strength, various other ways of forming the convex iron flanges
may be devised to produce the same result which is to give increased rigidity
to the girder or joist, but they will all be based on the same principle, viz.,
constructing the flange or flanges of joists and girders of a convex form.
AN AUXILIARY SMITH'S FIRE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frost, John Henry
Leather, and James Nelson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd November 1866.
We, WILLIAM FROST, Manager, JOHN HENRY LEATHER, (Manufacturer,)
and JAMES NELSON, (Forgeman,) all of Wadsley Bridge Steel and Iron Works,"
Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN AUXILIARY SMITH'S FIRE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of an auxiliary or supplemental
smith's fire, constituting an addition to the ordinary smith's fire now in use
for heating more effectually, thoroughly, and expeditiously all such descriptions
of heavy smith's work as frame plates, stern post, railway engine and carriage
wheels, or other large and heavy masses of metal which by reason of their
size or form cannot be so heated in the ordinary smith's fire. The article
to be heated is placed on the ordinary smith's fire, and assuming that a
railway wheel is to be heated, the fire should be of a circular form, such
as is generally used for wrought-iron wheels; above the wheel or other
article we apply our auxiliary fire. It consists of a box or case of wrought
or cast iron or other suitable material lined with fire-brick with passages
for the admission of the blast, which is conveyed from the flue by means
of light moveable pipes made of sheet iron or any other material which
may be found suitable for the purpose. This auxiliary fire may be used with
or without blast; the blast, if used, may be introduced at the top or sides, or
wherever may be found most convenient, and the fire may be of any shape,

page_text: form, or material best adapted to the work required to be done. The auxiliary
fire may be raised or lowered as required by means of a chain attached to a
hook gearing in the arched bar on the top of the fire box, the chain passing
over grooved pulleys, and being regulated by a balance or counterweight..
The method of working is as follows:-After the piece of metal has been
placed on the ordinary fire the auxiliary fire is lowered or placed upon the piece ;
the moveable pipes are then placed in position, fuel supplied through the
aperture lid or cover of the fire, the blast turned on above and below, and
continued until both sides are brought to a welding heat at the same time.
We do not limit ourselves to any precise form of apparatus, as it may be
varied to suit different masses of metal or the shape of the articles to be
heated. By this Invention two washers may be put upon a railway wheel
at one operation, and much time may be saved in all kinds of heavy smith's
work.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STANDS FOR TELESCOPES, SURVEYING AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS, WHICH STANDS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dennis Rock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1866.
I, THOMAS DENNIS ROCK, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STANDS FOR TELESCOPES, SURVEYING AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS, WHICH
STANDS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in these stands relate to such as have three or more
legs which expand or spread and collapse into a single stem to render them
portable.
My Invention consists, first, in the arrangement and construction of the
stretcher arms which connect the legs of the stand when spread, whereby to.
afford facilities for adjusting the legs at various widths apart to regulate the.
height of the stand or otherwise, and at the same time to impart great rigidity.
to the stand in the various positions. For tripod stands I employ three.
elongating stretchers converging to a point in the middle (when the legs are
spread); they are formed of brass tubes sliding one within the other, and are
each furnished with binding screws for fixing the sliding parts rigidly to each
other in a more or less elongated form. At the point where the three rods
meet they are each jointed to a centre piece or cap similar to that uniting the
three legs at top as usual in such stands; the stretcher rods are each jointed
to their respective legs so that they may either be disposed horizontally and
radially, or in line with the stand legs when collapsed or in any intermediate
position

page_text: A further improvement in the application of such stands to telescopes
consists in forming the stand legs of larger size, and forming a cavity therein
to contain the telescope as also the swivel holder in which the telescope is
fixed to the stand. I make the swivel holder to screw and fix into the central
cap of the elongating stretchers as well as into the top cap of the stand as
usual; by this means the telescope can be fixed in the stand in a low position
and suitable for use while in a sitting posture; it can also be varied con-
siderably by the elongating stretchers. When collapsed the swivel holder is
fixed in the position described, which with the stretchers is enclosed in cavities
in the legs in close contact with one another. A socket is fixed to one of the
legs in the cavity for the telescope, in which socket it is held. The several
cavities in the legs are suitably lined, and the stand provided with a suitable
oilskin or other cover, thus the stand and instrument will be complete in one
package or part. Levels and other surveying instruments may be similarly
fitted in cavities in the stands as described, or the stands only may be im-
proved by the application of the stretchers arranged and fitted as described.
I apply stands fitted in the like manner to various optical instruments as also
to rifle and rocket stands.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ince and William Henry
Bedwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd May 1866.
We, WILLIAM INCE, of Commercial Street, Whitechapel, and WILLIAM
HENRY BEDWELL, of Colchester, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention has reference to an improvement in umbrellas for giving
additional firmness and support to the ribs thereof, and thereby preventing
the head or cover from being turned or bent backwards (by the force or action
of the wind) when in use, and consists in fitting to the said ribs an extra set
of stretchers, the outer ends of which are attached to the lower portions of
the said ribs immediately above the tips or points of the same, and jointed
below and in like manner to the other stretchers, whilst the upper ends thereof
are secured to a seperate runner placed above the ordinary one, so as to slide
upon the handle or stick in the usual manner, and admit of being opened and
closed with the same facility as at present.
AN IMPROVED ROLLER FOR WINDOW BLINDS, MAPS, ALMANACKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stamford Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
July 1866.
I, WILLIAM STAMFORD DAVIS, 11, Clayton Street, Kennington, Parish of
St. Mary, Lambeth, County Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED ROLLER FOR WINDOW BLINDS, MAPS, ALMANACKS,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a roller divided into two longitudinal sections
extending the whole length thereof, each section having a rabbit groove
throughout the whole length made on the inner or flat surface and on one
edge. The sections, constructed as before mentioned, are connected together
at their extreme ends, at one end by means of the cord wheel, and at the
other end by means of a ring or ferrule, or a plain wheel, or by any other
convenient manner, it will then form a roller with a slit through it and a
plough groove on the top the whole length of the roller. The blind having a
hem at the top is passed through the slit in the roller and is supported in the
ploughed groove by passing a rod, slip, or tongue through the hem of the
blind. By pulling the blind at the bottom the rod, slip, or tongue will fit
into the ploughed groove on the top of the roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORNICES, CORNICE POLE ENDS, CURTAIN BANDS, AND CURTAIN PINS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Hill Newbold at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1866.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM HILL NEWBOLD, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Dealer in Straw Bonnets, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORNICES, CORNICE POLE
ENDS, CURTAIN BANDS, AND CURTAIN PINS," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary manufacture of cornices, cornice pole ends, curtain bands,
and curtain pins the processes of stamping and casting are employed to give
the required ornamental form to the said articles, the said cornices, cornice
pole ends, curtain bands, and curtain pins being finished by burnishing
and the other processes commonly employed in finishing metallic articles.
My Invention consists in making the said cornices, cornice pole ends,
curtain bands, and curtain pins in the manner herein-after explained, whereby
greater relief can be obtained in the ornaments of the said cornices, cornice
pole ends, curtain bands, and curtain pins, as well as greater facilities for
producing different designs.
In making cornices, cornice pole ends, curtain bands, and curtain pius
according to my Invention I cut out from flat sheet metal the parts or blanks
from which the ornaments in the form of flowers, leaves, fruits, or other orna-
mental forms are to be made, and after chasing or otherwise ornamenting their
surface I bend the said blanks into the required form by hand, or by the use
of hand tools, and I connect the several parts together by means of screws.

page_text: The foundation of the cornice, curtain band, or curtain pin may be made in
any convenient manner, and the ornamental parts attached thereto by screwing
or otherwise. In the case of cornice pole ends the ornamental parts made in
the manner described may either be applied direct to the cornice pole or to
an end made in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF FURNACES AND KILNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
July 1866. A communication from Alexandre Martin and Albert
Béranger, residing in Paris, Rue Louis le Grand, in the Empire of France.
1, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF FURNACES AND KILNS," communicated to me by Alexandre Martin
and Albert Béranger, persons residing in Paris, Rue Louis le Grand, in the
Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to certain dispositions in the construction of
furnaces for the melting of ores, and of kilns for the baking of porcelain,
pottery, lime, and for drying peat, washed kaolin, and similar substances.
These improvements consist in doing away with the ventilators now used,
and replacing them by an aspirating contrivance adapted to their upper parts,
which are provided with only one requisite opening to allow the said operation
to take place, all other parts therefore are completely closed. The lower
parts of these furnaces and kilns are provided, in order to allow the free
passage of the air or the steam, with openings proportional to the force of the

page_text: aspiration. By means of the furnaces and kilns constructed as above described,
those elements which volatilise and are lost in the furnaces and kilns actually
in use are saved, all sorts of combustible materials in the reductiou of ores
are employed, the lost caloric is turned to account, and a greater volume of
air or of steam is admitted.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS, FOR LIGHTING, AND EXTINGUISHING STREET AND OTHER GAS, LAMPS AND BURNERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April 1866.
-A communication from abroad by James Burnum Sweet, of Maulius,.
New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the. "International Patent Office," No. 8, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
AND MEANS, FOR LIGHTING, AND EXTINGUISHING STREET AND OTHER GAS, LAMPS AND
BURNERS," a communication,, to be as follows:
The said Invention consists chiefly in the application of clockwork to open.
and close the stop-cock of a street or other gas lamp, and also in the means.
whereby chemical or other agents are caused to ignite the gas as it escapes.
from the burner..
The said Invention also consists partly in so constructing and arranging the
mechanism that when properly wound up and set going it will perform the
several operations of opening and closing the cock, and igniting the gas at.
the burner at any desired hour of the day or night, which hour is indicated
by a suitable index and dial. A small clock similar to any ordinary timepiece.
is enclosed in a weather-proof metallic case or box; one side of this case may
be made in the form of a dial, and will serve as a timepiece; the said box or
case is placed at the bottom or other convenient part of the lamp, and the
mechanism therein is connected with the stop-cock which controls the admission
of gas to the burner in such a manner that it can be set to open or close the

page_text: said cock at any desired time. A revolving wheel or disc carrying eight or
more charges of chemical or friction matches is arranged near the orifice in
the burner. This wheel is so connected with the clockwork that once in about
twenty-four hours it is suddenly moved forward one-eighth part or less of
its revolution. By the movement of this wheel sufficient heat is generated,
either by the friction of a match or by ejecting one charge of the chemical
compound, to ignite the gas escaping from the burner. The revolving wheel
is so connected with the other portions of the mechanism as to turn only when
the stop-cock is opened. Adjustable stops are employed in connection with
the lighting device and other parts of the apparatus, and so arranged that the
gas may be turned on at the burner and lighted. either early or late in the
evening and turned off either early or late in the morning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bulcock and John Bulcock,
the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st February 1866.
We, JOHN BULCOCK, of the Firm of Bracewell and Bulcock, of Burnley,
in the County of Lancaster, and JOHN BULCOCK, the younger, of Burnley,
aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the taking-up motion in loonis for weaving,
and the improvements consist in the application of a spiked roller or a
roller having small pointed pins projecting from its surface for the cloth or
fabric to pass over or under and hold thereon, in addition to a plain roller
in substitution of the ordinary taking-up roller, both rollers being geared
together by toothed wheels so as to rotate at or near the same surface
speed. By this Invention we dispense with the use of emery, sand, glass,
or similar substances which are now applied to the surface of the taking-
up roller to produce adhesion or hold on the cloth or fabric.