CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW FRAMES, SASHES, OR CASEMENTS, SHUTTERS, AND DOORS, DESIGNED TO AFFORD SECURIY AGAINST BURG- LARS AS WELL AS TO EXCLUDE THE WEATHER
Year: 1829

page_text: SMITH AND KITCHEN'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
SMITH, of York Terrace, in the Parish of Saint Margaret, in the City of
Westminster, Mechanist, send greeting
· WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. called England, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventh day of February, in the tenth year of His reign, did give
and grant unto. me, the said Andrew Smith; and William Henry Kitchen, of
High Street in the Parish of Saint Giles, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Tronmonger, our exors, adiñiors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Andrew Smith and
William Henry Kitclien, our exors, adñiors, and assigns, or any of them,
during the term of years therein expressed, might niake, use, exercise," and
vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland
called England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention
of " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW FRAMES, SASHES, OR
CASEMENTS, SHUTTERS, AND DOORS, DESIGNED TO AFFORD SECURIY AGAINST BURG-
LARS AS WELL AS TO EXCLUDE THE WEATHER;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso, obliging us, the said Andrew Smith and William
Henry Kitchen, (or one of us,) by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, to particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention;
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be.

page_text: inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW-YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Andrew Smith, do hereby describe nature of our said Invention, and the manner.
in which the same is to be performed, by the following description thereof,
reference being thereunto had to the Drawing hereto annexed (that is to
say):
Our improvements in the construction of window frames, saslies, or case-
ments, shutters, and doors, are designed for the two-fold purpose of protection
against burglars, and. for excluding the wind and rain; such parts of these
improvements as apply to the raising and lowering shutters may be considered
as additions to and variations of the Invention of constructing and applying
metallic shutters, for which His Majesty was graciously pleased to grant
His Royal Letters Patent to me, the said Andrew Smith, and Thomas Don,
my then partner, dated 15th June 1827, and which said Patent has now
become my exclusive property. The improvements on the said metallic
shutter consist in the means of raising and lowering tliem, the particulars of
which are exhibited in the accompaning Drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a front view of a series of three metallic shutters a, b, c, which are
designed to move up and down in suitable grooves formed in the side frames
d, d, d, d; Fig. 2 is a section of the same, exhibiting the grooves in one of the
side frames, and also the box e at bottom, in which the shutters are intended to
be enclosed when lowered. The front of this box is supposed to be removed in
Fig. 1. A plan of horizontal section of Fig. 1 is shewn at Fig. 3, the shutters
being lowered into the box. Two screw rods f, f, are placed vertically, one on
each side of the window, and supported in bearings at top and bottom. The
Screw boxes g, g, are affixed to the sides of the upper shutter, and consequently
on turning the screws f the shutter will be made to ascend or, descend. At
the lower extremity of each screw rod there is a bevil-toothed wheel h; h,
affixed, which respectively. take into the bevil-toothed wheels i, and the
action of these two wheels i, i, are connected together by the endless chain k
(sec Fig. 3), which passes over the spur wheels 1, 1, fixed on the same axles.
as i, i, by applying a winch to the axle of either of the wheels i the bevil gear
will be driven, and the screw rods f by that means being made to revolve, the
screw boxes g will ascend or descend, carrying the shutter up or down, accord-
ing to the direction in which the winch is turned. The several shutters having
dovetailed rebates at the meeting bars, as seen in the section, the upper shutter
will lift the lower ones. Fig. 4 exhibits a slight variation from the proceeding,

page_text: the shutters in this case being intended to close up into the entablature above
the window. The screw rods f, which carry the screw boxes g, affixed to the
lower shutter, are in this Figure driven by bevil gear, which is actuated by a
winch applied to the axle of a bevil-toothed wheel m, taking into a corre-
sponding wheel fixed on the horizontal shaft n, n, a section of which is shewn
at Fig. 5, there being studs j,j, j,j, fixed on the top rails of the two upper
shutters, and as the lower shutter rises it lifts the next in succession above it,
and by that means closes it into the recess behind the entablature. Another
mode of raising and lowering shutters of this description is by means of endless
chains passed over spur wheels, as shewn in the front view, Fig. 6, and in
section at Fig. 7. In this construction there are endless chains adapted on
each side of the window in place of the screw rods, before described, which
chains o, o, pass over pullies p, p, at top and round spur wheels q, q, at bottom
(the chain being attached to the top rail of the upper shutter at r, r). By
turning the winch at bottom the bevil gear will cause the axle s and spur
wheels 7, 9, to revolve, and hence to travers the chain, which by that means
raises or lowers the shutters. In the two last-described Figures the shutters
are represented as being raised from the box below; a similar contrivance with
endless chains might also be adapted to lower the shutters from a box in the
entablature at Fig. 4.
Our improvements on window frames, sashes, or casements apply to what
are denominated French casements, and consist in the adaptation of sliding bolts
of a peculiar construction. Fig. 8 shows a pair of glass doors or French win-
dows bolted together by the improved fastener, as shewn by dots; and Fig. 9
exhibits the edge of one of the meeting stiles with the bolts projected forward
at a, a. Figs. 10, 11, and 12 are sections of parts of the meeting stiles, drawn
upon an enlarged scale. A and B represent the two meeting stiles of the win-
dow, A being the stile in which the groove a, a, is formed to receive the bolts
b, b, when projected (which are seen in that situation at Fig. 11), and B.being
the stile to which the projecting bolts are attached, with the pinion for moving
them. The bolts b, b, are two straight bars extending from the middle to the
It will be seen that the two bars partially lap
top and bottom of the stile.
over each other in the middle, and that a rack piece c extends from the inner
extremity of each bolt diagonally at opposite angles. dis a pinion, the teeth of
which take into the racks c, c, and the bolts being enabled to slide by means of
the guide pins e, e, working in the slots; the turning of the pinion by its knob
or handle (see the horizontal section, Fig. 12), will cause the bolts b, b, to be
projected diagonally into the grooves a, a, as at Fig. 11, which locks or tongues
the two stiles of the window together and excludes wind and rain, and also

page_text: introduces the outer extremities of the bolts into mortice holes f in the still,
aud in the top rail of the window, so as to bolt the sashes securely. By
turning the pinion the reverse way the bolts will be withdrawn, as at Fig. 10,
and the sashes of the window will then open. Fig. 13 and 14 represent ver-
tical sections of the stiles of the window, as at Fig. 10 and 11, but having a
plate g affixed to the knob or handle, with excentric slots, in which pins h, h,
attached to the bolts act for the purpose of projecting the bolts, instead of
employing the rack and pinion described in the preceding Figure. For the
purpose of excluding the wind and rain at bottom of the window a sliding or
projecting bar is employed, shewn in Figs. 15, 16, and 17. C is the bottoni rail
of the window, in which a groove or recess is formed for the reception of the
bar; a, a, is the bar extending along the bottom rail of the sash or casement,
as seen in Fig. 15, and in cross section in the other two Figures; the bar is
connected to a plate in front of the rail within the recess by pins, which pass
through slots 6, 6, and allow it to rise and fall; c, c, is a spring, attached to.
the bar in the middle, and supported upon fixed pins at the ends; this spring
keeps the bar up, as in the section, Fig. 17, which is its situation when the
window frame is open; but in closing the casement, as at Fig. 16, the tail of
a lever d comes in contact with the back of a bevel-edged bar e, called the
weather bar, set in the sill of the window D, and the lever being by this means
thrown back, the segment of teeth on the circular part acting in the rack at
the back of the projecting bar a, causes that bar to be brought down over the
"bevel edge of the weather bar e, as at Fig. 16, by which means the wind and
rain are totally excluded, and on opening the casement again the force of the
spring c lift the projecting bar a up into the position shewn in Fig. 17.
Our improvements in doors consist in constructing them of sheet iron, and
covering or framing them by forming the stile and rails and the mouldings of
wood, which may be attached to the iron by screws or pins, or any other con-
venient means, as shewn in the front view, Fig. 18, and in section at Fig. 19;
the hinges and lock or other fastenings being of metal are attached to the
iron plate, and hence in case of fire all the woodwork may be burnt
away and
leave the door closed and secure. The locks or fastenings which we propose
to attach to these doors for the purpose of affording greater security against
burglars are so contrived as to project the bolts in four different directions,
that is, to shoot into the two jambs of the door case, and into the top and
bottom at the same time, as shewn by dots in Fig. 18. One mode of con-
structing these locks is shewn in Figs. 20 and 21, the face plate being removed
to exhibit the interior. a, a, a, a, are four bolts, passing through slots in the
sides of the metal box and confined by guide pins; near the inner extremity of

page_text: each of these bolts a rack is formed, and in the center of the box a pinion b is
mounted, taking into all the racks, the turning of which pinion either by a
knob or a key causes the bolts to be projected outward, as in Fig. 20, which
locks the door; or inward, as in Fig. 21, which unlocks it. A tumbler c may
also be introduced in the back for protection. Figs. 22 and 23 exhibit a
similarly contrived lock with four bolts; but instead of the racks and pinion,
a plate d with slots is employed, through which pins are passed from the
respective bolts; the turning of this plate, therefore, causes the bolts a, a, a, a,
to be projected outwards, as at Fig. 22, or inwards, as at Fig. 23.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Smith, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand