IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES OR APPA- RATUS APPLICABLE TO SUSPENDING OR CLOSING DOORS AND GATES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, DAVID
REDMUND, of Charles Street, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fifth day of August, in the sixth year of her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
David Redmund, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity, that I, the said David Redmund, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said David Redmund, my exors. admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES OR APPA-
RATUS APPLICABLE TO SUSPENDING OR CLOSING DOORS AND GATES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that 1, the
said David Redmund, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: First, to certain improvements in the construction of cast hinges; and,
Secondly, my Invention relates to improvements in the construction of
spring hinges for closing doors and gates, and other uses, where similar hinges
are now employed.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood, and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to explain the Drawings hereunto annexed.
o
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
The object of the first part of my Invention is to construct each of the flaps
and its knuckle joint piece of what are called rising hinges of one piece or
casting. And in order to carry out this part of the Invention, I will describe
two modes of casting the flaps and knuckle pieces of rising hinges.
Figure represents one of the flaps of a rising hinge in plan and in edge
view separately. Figure 2 represents the other flap in plan and in edge view,
having the proper pin or axis therein. In casting these hinges a proper sand
mould is made for casting one of the flaps and its knuckle joint piece, using a
temporary core pin for casting the metal therein, and having cast the one flap
it is then to be placed into sand and a proper sand mould made for casting
the other flap on to the previously formed flap, as is shewn in plan at
Figure 3, and in section at Figure 4 (or each half may be cast separately in
a suitable mould on a suitable pattern). By this means it will be seen that a
rising hinge is made in two pieces, each flap having as part of itself its
knuckle joint piece. Another mode of casting such rising hinges is to cast
them in the closed state, which is preferable, owing to the inclined surfaces
which are to act together being cast in contact with each other. Figure 5
Bhows a plan of one of these hinges complete, and also an edge view thereof.
Figure 6 shows the closed hinge. One of the flaps of the hinge having been
cast by a suitable sand mould with a temporary core pin, it is to be laid into
Band, and a filling core a is to be introduced, as is shown at Figure 7, and the
other half of the mould prepared by means of a suitable pattern, as is well
junderstood, and placed on the other half mould, as is shown in section at

page_text: Figure 8. By this arrangement the hinge will be cast in a closed state.
Cast rising hinges may be made of malleable, cast, or other cast iron or other
suitable cast metal, and proper pins b are to be introduced, or the pins may be
cast fast in one flap and loose in the other, as is well understood, when
making other cart hinges.
Another part of my Invention relates to a mode of casting gate or such like
hinges in such manner as to obtain strength with lightness; and this part of
the Invention also relates to the manner of forming the bearing socket and
the bearing pin of such cast hinges. Figure 9 shows an edge view of a hinge
constructed according to this part of my Invention. Figure 10 shows a front
view, partly in section; Figure 11 shows another front view, partly in section;
and Figure 12 shows a back view and cross section of the hinge. I prefer
making this construction of hinge of malleable cast iron, and, owing to the
manner of forming it, I am enabled to obtain great strength with lightness,
and thus, although malleable cast iron is more costly than ordinary cast iron,
still, owing to the less quantity used, I am enabled to sell much better hinges at
about the same cost. At the same time I would remark, that I do not confine
myself to the use of malleable cast iron in making these hinges; and it should
be stated, that when rendering such malleable cast-iron hinges malleable, care
is to be observed in giving them such support as to prevent their winding
or bending when hot. In place of making this class of cast hinges of a solid
section, I make the same concave at the back, obtaining strength by forming
ribs c, c, c, as is shown by the back view and section, Figure 12. In forming
the screw holes, as is shewn at d, d, and in order to obtain greater strength,
at the hole e I have an external enlargement formed, as is shown. The
bearing socket I may be cast complete, as is shown at Figure 10, or it may
be cast separately, as is shown at Figure 11, in which case it may be of the
same or other metal; and in order to fasten it securely I cause the edges of the
socket of the hinge to be hammered down, as is shown at g in Figure 11,
after the hinge has been rendered malleable by heating it for some time
closely surrounded by Cumberland or such like ore, as is well understood.
The annealing apparatus I prefer is shewn in the Drawings at Figures x, y, z,
Figure being a plan, Figure y a side view, and Figure z an end view in
section. In this arrangement of pot or apparatus for annealing the malleable
cast iron I am enabled to obtain stiffness of pots or apparatus and ready
means of separating the parts, the stiffness being obtained by the corrigations
at the side, which form the flues or spaces for the heat to pass up between two
such-pots or apparatus when placed side by side. (1) is the lower pot or tray,

page_text: which has a bottom to it, which is first packed full of the long cast hinges and
rich ore for annealing; then the ring (2) corresponding in its sides and ends
with the tray below; but the ring (2) has no bottom. By this means I build
up any required pot or apparatus according to the size of the furnace, and
successively adding rings (2) one upon the other, as is shewn in the Drawing,
the upper one being covered with a plate (3), as is shewn; and I make the
parts (1), (2), (3). of cast iron. The Drawing shews the parts about one
fourth of the real size, and owing to the mode of forming the hinges the
annealing process will be much shorter than when a similar sized hinge with a
solid section is annealed. h, i, Figs. 10 & 10, is the bearing pin for the hinge,
and.consists of the conical stem h and the conical top i, .which correspond with
the bearing socket of the hinge, as is shewn. I do not confine myself to the
exact figures of the two conical parts of the bearing pin h, i, but I believe
those shewn to be the best.
•
What claim as the first part of my Invention is. the mode of making rising
hinges by casting each knuckle piece with its flap, as above described. And
I also claim the mode of making gate and such like hinges with concave
backs and ribs, as above described; and also the mode of applying separate
bearing sockets. And also claim the mode of constructing the bearing pin
of two conical surfaces, as described.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which relates to a
mode of constructing spring hinges. Figure 13 shows an edge view and a
side view of a complete hinge. Figure 14 shews an open hinge with the
knuckle joint in section. The other Figures shew some of the separate
parts. j. are the two flaps of a hinge, the knuckle joints being hollow to
receive a compound coiled spring within a hollow axis. I would remark, that
I am aware that hinges of a similar kind with springs therein have been used
before, but in such cases each hinge has only contained a single spiral spring,
and the present improvement consists in employing compound springs. There-
fore, in place of coiling a single wire into a spring, I coil two, three, or more
wires, side by side, into a spring. By this means I obtain very powerful
springs which will lie in a very small compass, that is, in the same compass
in which a spring of like diameter of one coil of wire would be, which
would be of much less strength. is a spring of two wires, which is placed
within the tube m, such tube being the pin or axis of the knuckle joints of
the hinge. is a pin or stem within the spring, and fastened in the two ends
of the caps of the knuckle joints, as is shewn. The caps o, o', have each a
two or more threaded female screw formed therein to correspond with the

page_text: spring used, and according as these caps are screwed up tightly, so will
the pressure of the spring be regulated, there being ratchet teeth to hold the
caps, which allow the caps to be turned each in one direction, but resist their
turning back.
I will now describe another part of my Invention. Figure 15 shews a
plan of a hinge for a door, which opens in either direction, the upper plate of
the hinge being removed to show the interior. Figure 16 is a section of the
box of the hinge. Figure 17 shews different views of some of the parts
separately. p is the axis for carrying the door. On this axis is aflixed the
cam p, the nature of which is clearly shewn in the Drawing, there being
a recess at p to receive the roller of the pressing lever hereafter described.
When the door is shut. q is a lever moving on an axis at q'. and it carries
a friction roller, as is shewn at 4. This lever is constantly pressed against by
the springs r. r. and when desired, more than two springs may be used to
press against this lever. By this arrangement a very simple construction of
swing door hinge will be made. Figure 18 shews a plan of another construc-
tion of swing door hinge, the upper plate being removed that the interior
construction may be more readily seen and understood. Figure 19 is a section
of the same hinge; and Figure 20 shews various views of some of the parts
separately. In this hinge the axis which carries the door has a cam with two
recesses p, one on either side thereof, into which the friction rollers, carried
by the levers s. 1. enter. These levers respectively move on a fulcrum at
s', '. as is shewn, and they each have their springs 2, 1. through which
a wire or stem is placed, as shewn. These two springs press the end of their
levers outwards, so as to cause the friction rollers at all times to rest against
the cam and if desired, the levers may be lengthened. and have more than
one spring each. By this arrangement, also, a very simple and inexpensive
swing door hinge may be constructed, which is not liable to get out of use.
And claim, as the second part of my Invention, the mode of constructing
spring hinges. by applying compound spiral springs. as described in respect to
Figures 13 and 14.
And I also claim the modes of constructing spring hinges, as described in
respect to Figures 15, 16, and 17, and Figures 18. 19, and 20.
In witness whereof. I, the said David Redmand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.
DAVID (L.S.) REDMUND.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of Fe-
bruary, in the year of our Lord 1843, the aforesaid David, Redmund
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.