matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SANITARY TRAP, APPLICABLE FOR WATER-CLOSETS, DRAINS, SEWERS, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smeaton and Samuel Palmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1878.
JOHN SMEATON, of Wood Green, and SAMUEL PALMER, of Upper Park Place,
both in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED SANITARY TRAP, APPLICABLE
FOR WATER-CLOSETS, DRAINS, SEWERS, AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES."
Our Invention has for its object an improved trap, which can be applied to
closets, sinks, lavatories, and other similar places or fittings, whereby sewage and
other obnoxious gases are prevented from entering into the houses or dwellings or
other places through traps.
In carrying out our Invention we adopt mainly the following arrangements :—
The dip pipe or inlet chamber is formed preferably with another chamber, or same
can be separate. In this second chamber or body of the trap is a seating, formed
preferably of two cone-shaped pieces with india-rubber ground or other seating.
Resting on the seating, when at rest, is a ball, which is preferably made of metal
or other material weighted. The outlet opening for the water or liquid is made
so that the ball cannot pass through, and when same is forced against such opening
a space is left to allow the air or water to pass through the outlet.
The top part of chamber or trap containing the ball is provided with holes or
openings closed by transparent or other material, through which the ball could be
inspected, or through such holes or openings the ball or seating can be removed,
adjusted, and replaced.
The action is as follows:-The force of the water passing into the chamber of
the body of trap displaces the ball, which leaves the passage open for the water to
pass into and through the outlet. The ball when at rest is level or nearly so with
the water or line of trap, and not being direct on to the inlet pipe prevents foreign
substances froin in any way interfering with the action of the ball, and capillary
attraction is also avoided; and further, by this construction the waving of water
by the compression of air in the soil or drain ducts is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gledhill and William Taylor at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1878.
JOHN GLEDHILL, of Croft House, Golcar, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Woollen Manufacturer, and WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Ley Moor, in the said Golcar, Power
Loom Tuner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The improvements have reference to means for controlling the motions of the
warp beam.
We control the motions of the warp beam to let off warp therefrom to the extent
desired by the application to such beam of a pulley or other suitable wheel, on
which bears a friction strap, one end of which is fixed whilst the other end of it is
connected to an adjustable piece operated by screw motion and handle, wheel, or
lever arms, so that the extent of frictional pressure exerted may be readily varied
when desired.
These parts may be boxed up, so as to prevent their being tampered with by the
operator or others, if desired.
In order to afford facility to the operator to give a back or other motion to the
warp by independently turning the warp beam we apply a shaft with a worm on it
to take into a worm wheel on the warp beam so that such shaft may have endway
motion given to it for throwing the worm into or out of gear with the worm wheel
when necessary, and we hold such shaft in either position by a stop lever acting on
suitable stops or by other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, AND LIME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ewart at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 14th March 1878.
JOHN EWART, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN KILNS FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, AND LIME."
My Invention relates to kilns of the kind having a midfeather or partition
running down the middle, and a circulating current of heated gases or flame during
the burning process.
In the sides of the midfeather or partition I form openings near or close to the
floor of the kiln. These I arrange in communication with flues, which run cross-
wise and under the floor to ascending flues within the outer wall of the kiln. These
ascending flues at a point about the level of the crown of the arch of the kiln
communicate with a main flue, which runs around the kiln, and at a convenient
point is in connection with a chimney. In the inner side of the outer wall of the
kiln I form openings similar to those in the midfeather or partition. These
openings are in connection with another set of ascending flues, which also com-
municate with the main flue. Each ascending flue is provided with a suitable
valve for closing or partially closing the flue as required.
To ensure effective closing of the said flues the edges of the valves dip into
sand or other appropriate material in suitable channels or spaces surrounding the
flues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OF THE JUICE OF THE APPLE AND OTHER FRUITS TO PRESERVE IT for DRINKING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Belben at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1878.
ROBERT HENRY BELBEN, of Bournemouth.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF THE JUICE OF THE APPLE AND OTHER FRUITS TO PRESERVE IT for
DRINKING."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of the juice of
the apple and other fruits to preserve it for drinking.
For this purpose I subject the juice of the apple or other fruit for a time to a
high temperature, say, nearly to the boiling point immediately after it has been
pressed, and afterwards when the juice has been allowed to cool I aërate it with
carbonic acid gas, and bottle under pressure as in the manufacture of soda water.
By this means I am enabled to preserve the juice from fermentation, and render it
suitable for a drink entirely free from alcohol.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN INTERNAL STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Dixon Nuttall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1878.
FRANCIS DIXON NUTTALL, of St. Helen's, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INTERNAL STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES."
.
In internal stoppers, as usually constructed, they are either made lengthy so as
not to be prevented from reversing their ends in the bottle, or one end is weighted
so as to fall first, or else they are made of heavy material, such as earthenware,
which is liable to crack the bottles, and also to chip or break itself.
Now my Invention consists in making the shank of the stopper of lignum vitæ,
ebony, or other wood heavier than water, and turning both ends alike so that either
of them can fit into the neck of the bottle, reaching, preferably, to a point a little
below the rim, so that they can be reached by the thumb or finger, but cannot be
knocked in by being projected end on to against a flat surface. Round the central
portion of the shank I turn a deep groove, and into it spring a broad elastic washer.
This washer can be placed in position on the stopper before the latter is placed
in the bottle; then lubricating the neck of the bottle with soap I squeeze the
stopper and washer through.
Instead of making the shank parallel throughout I prefer to bulge it out at each
end and round off the corners; this enables it to fill the neck and prevent dust
getting in, while at the same time the thinner part below enables the washer to
lie flat against the shank when squeezed through the neck.
SEAMLESS HAT-BAND
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Neave at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1878.
JOHN HENRY NEAVE, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester.
SEAMLESS HAT-BAND."
"AN IMPROVED
This Invention relates to the manufacture of mourning hat-bands whereby they
are rendered seamless.
The object desired is accomplished by means of felting together the edges of
woollen cloth, or flannel, or other fabric or material capable of being felted.
The cloth or other material being cut into pieces of suitable length, the outer
edges are brought together and firmly joined by the process of felting. By this
means a band may be formed of any width and length desired. The bands may be
made of either dyed or undyed cloth. They may be finished either by sandpaper
as ordinary cloth, by means of raising, cutting, boiling, and pressing, or they may
be felted from cloth already finished. These bands, when ready, are cut into
strips of any width, according to the depth of mourning desired to be worn.
By cutting the cloth or other material on the cross or bias before felting, the
elasticity of the band will be ensured; and by due regard to the width of the
material before joining, and to the extent to which it is felted, the bands are made
of various circumferences to fit all sizes of hats.
By having the cloth woven with a fringe, or unravelling some of the outside
threads to form a fringe, the facility of felting the edges together will be much
increased, and by this means the joint may be rendered quite imperceptible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Haig Banks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1878.
HENRY HAIG BANKS, of the Firm of Banks and Company, of Grange Works,
Causewayside, in the County of the City of Edinburgh, North Britain, Engravers
and General Printers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES."
The said Invention relates to improvements in bankers' cheques, and has for its
object the prevention of fraudulent alteration of the said cheques.
In making bank cheques according to this Invention a writing or printing paper
of any suitable quality or thickness is used. This paper is coated or covered over
the side intended to be printed with a thin coating of composition composed of
water, size, and finely prepared china clay, or any such similar composition as will
have the like properties or effects, as herein-after described.
I add to the composition any tint of colour desired, taking care in proportioning
the materials of the composition that the sizing is sufficiently strong to prevent,
when writing upon the cheques, the writing ink from flowing or spreading. The
sheets are then dried, and can be rolled or brushed if a finish is required upon the
surface; the paper is then ready for printing, which can be done in any of the
usual ways, and the cheques are cut and bound into books as may be desired.
The advantages arising from the use of cheques made according to this Invention
are that, whilst the cheques possess good writing qualities, the surface coating is
extremely sensitive to ink solvents of any kind, and no chemical can be applied for
the purpose of removing writing without totally destroying the tint of
paper, and
also the printing of the form. Erasures also would destroy the tint of the paper
and printing from the portions erased. There is also the additional advantage
that the writing ink penetrates through the surface coating to the paper, whilst the
printing remains on the surface of the coating; thus, the writing remains distinct,
while the whole printing washes away under the action of any chemical which may
be used for purposes of fraudulent alteration.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RENDERING PERMANENT AND IMMOVEABLE THE DIVISIONS, FIGURES, MARKINGS, AND SCALES AFFIXED TO THERMOMETERS AND CYLINDRICAL SCIENTIFIC MEASURING APPARATI GENERALLY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Michael Cetti at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1878.
EDWARD JOHN MICHAEL CETTI, of 11, Brooke Street, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Glass Blower and Thermometer Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF RENDERING PERMANENT AND IMMOVEABLE THE DIVISIONS, FIGURES, MARKINGS,
AND SCALES AFFIXED TO THERMOMETERS AND CYLINDRICAL SCIENTIFIC MEASURING
APPARATI GENERALLY."
The purpose I have in view is to prevent the black or colored filling now inserted
in the divisions, figures, and markings of thermometers, graduated glass tubes, and
scientific measuring apparati generally from liability of removal by ordinary usage,
such removal of the black or colored-filling rendering the indications intended to be
afforded by such instruments or measures unreadable and imperceptible.
I therefore manufacture the thermometer, instrument, or other measure with all
divisions, markings, and figures necessary cut or etched thereon. I subsequently fill
in such cuttings or etchings with a color best adapted to the purposes of the instru-
ment, submitting the whole in this stage of its manufacture to a degree of heat
necessary to produce the results desired.
It will thus be seen that the divisions, figures, and markings I desire to produce
will be represented by a strong black or other firm and irremovable colour on a clear
and transparent ground, as and for the purposes before described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MAT OR RUG COMPOSED OF WOOL OR OTHER MATERIAL IN IMITATION THEREOF
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ogden and John Edward
Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1878.
THOMAS OGDEN and JOHN EDWARD THOMAS, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Spinners and Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MAT OR RUG COMPOSED OF
WOOL OR OTHER MATERIAL IN IMITATION THEREOF."
The object of our Invention is to imitate by the process of weaving that kind of
mat or rug which has hitherto consisted of the skin and wool of a sheep or other
animal having long fleecy hair.
Our imitation consists of lightly spun wool, yarn, or China grass mixed with other
firmer and stronger material to form the body of the mat or rug.
The process of weaving is as follows:-Light or fleecy wool yarn mixed, if
desired, with other material is employed for the warp, any suitable inferior substance
being employed for weft. After every few pricks the wool yarn threads are raised
by the healds, and the weaver inserts a rod between them and the remainder of the
warp. With this rod he draws the wool threads forward so as to form a loop about
the length of the hair on a natural skin; the warp is then lowered and picks of
weft inserted to secure the same. The loops of wool yarn are then cut by running
a knife along the edge of the stick or rod, and the loose ends present a similar
appearance to an ordinary fleece.
Instead of wool we may employ China grass in the manner above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING ENLARGED AND OTHER PHOTO- GRAPHS WITH ARTISTIC FINISH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Harman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
ALFRED HARMAN, of 79, High Street, Peckham, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING ENLARGED AND OTHER PHOTO-
GRAPHS WITH ARTISTIC FINISH."
On the back of the transparency, from which an enlarged negative is made, a
coating of matt varnish is applied, upon which any modification of the lights and
shades can be made with plumbago, blacklead pencil, or other suitable substance.
The carbon tissue or other sensitive material upon which the enlarged negative
is printed is exposed to light behind a stipple negative, either before or after it
receives the impression from the enlarged negative, which produces the effect of
artistic labor on the ultimate result.
Several stipple negatives can be used on the same picture, small or large, in
grain as desired, and the requisite parts being blocked out as required with opaque
color applied to the stipple negatives prior to the exposure to light. For this
purpose the enlarged and stipple negatives are placed in contact & held to the
light, the outlines of the picture being readily followed by this means.
With a very few touches on the resulting print a picture is obtained having the
appearance of one highly finished by hand."
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORVES OR WAGGONS USED IN MINES OF COAL, IRON, AND ALL OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patent on the 18th March 1878.
JAMES TAYLOR, of Gilroyd, Barnsley, in the County of York, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORVES OR WAGGONS USED IN
MINES OF COAL, IRON, AND ALL OTHER MINERALS."
That the lower part or frame of the corve or waggon is made to comprise the
pedestals, chair bars, and buffers, by which means the same weight of coal or other
material placed in the corve or waggon will cause the corve or wagon to run con-
siderably lower than ordinary corves or waggons carrying the same quantity of
coals or other minerals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF RAILS
Year: 1878

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1878. A communication from
abroad by Gustave Roland, of Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR CONNECTING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF RAILS." [A communication
from abroad by Gustave Roland, of Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy, Engineer.]
This Invention has for its object improvements in fastenings for connecting
together the ends of rails.
The upper parts of the fastenings are shaped like ordinary fish plates, and the
lower part consists of a vertical flange, the upper and lower parts being made in
one piece with and connected together by a trough-shaped part formed so as to
embrace the lower portion of the rail.
Two rails are joined by a pair of these connections, the upper portions of which
are bolted together through the rails as with ordinary fish plates, whilst their lower
flanges are also bolted together, thus forming a vertical web beneath the rails at the
joint, and also giving greater bearing surface between the rails and fastenings at
the joint.
The connections may be used for any sort of rails, but the trough-shaped portions
at the middle must be formed so as to closely surround the foot or lower part of
the rails.
The vertical webs coming against the sleepers prevent the endway movement of
the rails
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING WASTE THROUGH THE TEARING OFF OF THREAD ON COTTON MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1878. [A com-
munication from Georges Fromm, of Mühlhausen, Alsass.]
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Civil Engineers and Patent Agents, of No. 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, in the
German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING WASTE THROUGH
THE TEARING OFF OF THREAD ON COTTON MACHINES." [A communication from
Georges Fromm, of Mühlhausen, Alsass.]
This Invention has for its object to prevent the waste of thread that occurs in
doubling or twisting spinning frames on the breaking of a thread between the
delivery rollers and the bobbin, owing to the thread becoming wrapped round the
rollers, from which it requires to be freed by cutting.
The Invention consists in applying to the upper roller of the delivery rollers
(which is usually driven by frictional contact from the lower roller) apparatus,
whereby on the breaking of a thread its motion is stopped. For this purpose a rod
mounted on the framing in front of the delivery rollers carries loose upon it a
number of two armed levers, one to each pair of rollers. The one arm of each lever
projects horizontally, or nearly so, and rests against the part of the thread which is
passing from the lower delivery roller to the bobbin, the weight of such arm being
more or less balanced by an adjustable counterweight on the opposite side of the
lever. The second arm stands upright. or slightly inclined, and has hinged to its
end a small plate, the edge of which rests upon the upper part of the lower delivery
roller.
On the breaking of the thread as it passes to the bobbin the horizontal arm of the
lever in losing its support drops, thereby causing the vertical arm to push the plate
between the upper and lower delivery rollers, by which means the motion of the
former is stopped, and thus the thread, which is led over the top and round the front
part of the upper roller, is prevented from being wrapped round the rollers, which
would occur if the upper roller continued to revolve.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CUTTING EGGs
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonce Pierre Othon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1878.
LEONCE PIERRE OTHON, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CUTTING
EGGs."
This machine, according to one arrangement, is provided with two metal or other
plates, one on the other, but with sufficient space between them for the working to
and fro of a knife; the two plates have an aperture in them, preferably round, and
sufficiently large to admit the egg which has to be cut. A steel or other knife
works between the two plates; the knife is held by a rod or cord of metal or other
material sufficiently long for the machine and the handle or frame. In the latter
there is a helical or other spring, or of india-rubber, the object of which is to operate
the knife in order to push it forward between the plates, and it may act directly on
the rod or on the knife. By pulling the rod or cord the spring is brought back,
and the aperture intended to receive the egg is opened. The apparatus is kept in
this position, or as it were "cocked," ready for action by a detent or catch. To set
off the apparatus, and to cut the head off the egg, the latter is placed in aperture,
the detent released, and the spring forces the knife along quickly, thus cutting the
egg
According to another arrangement the handle is dispensed with by fixing spring
inside or between the plates. One plate may sometimes be dispensed with, and
sometimes both the plates themselves, the handle only and springs being used; the
knife should then be protected by a metal disc, but even this may, if desired, be
dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Holscher Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1878.
HARRY HOLSCHER BENNETT, of 131, St. Clements, Ipswich, in the County of
Suffolk. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in carriages.
In carriages of the wagonette or Stanhope phaeton class, which are provided with
hox or driving seats in front, various ways have before been suggested for making
a part or parts of the box or driving seat moveable, so that they may, when
required, be shifted sidewise and allow of a person passing from the interior of the
body of the carriage to the front seat, so avoiding the necessity of getting to this
seat from the side of the carriage, which is inconvenient, especially for ladies.
According to my Invention I make one half or portion of the seat together with
its side and back rail capable of turning horizontally around a vertical pivot on the
outer side of the seat and near the back thereof. The pivot is secured to the side
of the frame of the carriage just below the seat.
The edges of the fixed and moveable portions of the frame of the seat where they
abut together are rebated, so that when the moveable portion of the seat is in its
ordinary or closed position it partly overlaps, and is supported by the frame of the
fixed portion of the seat, and it is then held from moving forward by a catch,
whilst a stop at the back keeps it from turning too far back. When the seat is to
be turned aside the catch is released, and the moveable portion of the seat turned
on its pivot, the position above mentioned of the pivot allowing it to do so freely,
the moveable portion of the seat then stands out from the side of the carriage, and
a free passage is thereby opened from the after body of the carriage to the front
geat.
THE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE HYDRAULIC PRESSES NOW IN USE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Napier at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 10th January 1878.
JOHN NAPIER, of Number Nine, Queen's Place, Greenside Row, Edinburgh, in
the County of Edinburgh. "THE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE HYDRAULIC PRESSES
NOW IN USE."
The head of the press to be made moveable on the columns, which will be secured
at the top by a light iron heading. The head will be raised or lowered by the ram
or piston by the insertion of one or two wooden blocks between it and the moveable
sole of the press, and will be held at the elevation desired by keys or rods passed
through slits or openings in the columns. The length of the piston can be con-
siderably reduced where desirable; a more equal and uniform pressure will be
obtained, and the leakage frequently caused by the giving way of the courses of
wooden blocks employed in the present system of filling up the space between the
moveable sole and the head, when the material to be pressed is small, will be
avoided.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW WHITE METAL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Octave Lechesne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1878.
OCTAVE LECHESNE, of 12, Caxton Road, Shepherd's Bush, London, in the County
of Middlesex. "THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW WHITE METAL."
My Invention relates to the production of a new white metal by a mixture of
certain metals and substances, which is composed as follows, viz. :-
650 parts of copper.
275 do. of nickel.
25 do. of zinc and tin.
50 do. of cadmium.
I
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Conisbee and Joseph Wright
Morgan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April
1878.
WILLIAM CONISBEE, of the Firm of W. Conisbee and Sons, Atlas Works, Herbert's
Buildings, Waterloo Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, and JOSEPH WRIGHT
MORGAN, of No. 1, Queen's Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, Printer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES."
The object of our improvements in printing machines is to enable consecutive
numbering to be done in the same machino as and simultaneously with typographic,
lithographic, or zincographic printing, as also to render the machine suitable for
typographic, lithographic, or zincographic printing, without numbering when
required. For these purposes, below the table which carries the forms of type or
other printing surface, is a second table or bed adjustable vertically, and having
standards or supports provided with suitable bearings, which carry the axes of
numbering wheels arranged opposite slots or openings in the table above.
The vertical adjustment of the table carrying the numbering wheels may be
effected by a chain, star wheels, and screws.
The numbering wheels are moved for each impression through the requisite part
of a revolution by pawls and ratchets, and are locked in place for giving each
impression by spring catches taking into recesses in the peripheries of indented
locking wheels.
AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR RENDERING RINGS MORE SECURE WHILE WORN ON THE FINGER, WHICH APPLIANCE MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Mosely at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1878.
MAURICE MOSELY, of 9, Portsdown Road, Maida Hill, W. "AN IMPROVED
APPLIANCE FOR RENDERING RINGS MORE SECURE WHILE WORN ON THE FINGER,
WHICH APPLIANCE MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
A gold screw is inserted in the bottom of ring, and having a cup-shaped head
working within the ring, so that by raising the screw will render it quite tight to
the soft part of finger, and without producing the least annoyance. The full
action of the screw is about the eighth of an inch, capable of regulating to several
sizes, and each equaly secure of action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COPYING INK POWDER AND EXTRACT.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1878. A communication from
abroad by Noah Jacobsohn, of Berlin, Prussia, Manufacturer.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firin of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
COPYING INK POWDER AND EXTRACT. [A communication from abroad by Noah
Jacobsohn, of Berlin, Prussia, Manufacturer.]
This Invention relates to the manufacture of improved copying ink powder and
extract, and is carried into practice as follows, that is to say :-
I obtain ink powder of a dark violet by the solution in water and the evapo-
ration of the following ingredients, and in about the proportions named, that is to
say:
Analine color
Sugar
Gum arabic
Ten parts.
Four parts.
Syrup of glucose
One part.
One part.
In the same manner red, green, and other colored inks may be obtained.
Black ink powder is produced in the same manner, excepting that instead of ten
parts of analine color I use only the following, namely, eight parts of nigrosine, and
two parts of the substance known as Bismark brown, that is to eay, ten parts
together.
The quantity of liquid required will vary according to the strength desired.
The extract of ink consists of ink powder which has been obtained by evapo-
ration and dissolved again in attenuated glycerine.
Ink manufactured according to this Invention is chiefly designed to be used in
combination with the apparatus described in the Specification of former Letters
Patent, dated 29th September, A.D. 1877, No. 3648.
A PENDULUM-TREADLE FOR MACHINES TO BE WORKED BY FOOT-POWER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1878. (A communication
from Luigi Gaudini, of Solmona, Italy.)
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, resident at 74, Bélle-Alliance-
Strasse, Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "A PENDULUM-TREADLE FOR MACHINES TO BE
WORKED BY FOOT-POWER." [A communication from Luigi Gaudini, of Solmona,
Italy.]
This Invention relates to an improvement in the arrangement of treadles of
sewing and other machines to be worked by the foot of the operator.
While hitherto treadles of this kind have universally been made with their axis
of oscillation below the foot of the operator, the inventor pivots the improved
pendulum-treadle in such a manner that the said axis passes through the joint of
the foot, i.e., that it coincides with the centre of articulation between the foot and
the leg. The connection between the treadle and the crank of the fly-wheel shaft
may be made as usual.
By this arrangement the advantage is attained that the treadle is moved by a
motion of the foot exclusively, the leg not being influenced by such motion as in the
case of common treadles, and the operation of driving a machine by these means
being therefore less fatiguing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STOPPERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1878.
JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of 14, Akerman Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STOPPERS."
The improvements relate to internal stoppers for bottles intended for aerated
fluids, and consist of a spherically shaped ball of elastic material made somewhat
larger than the orifice and interior of the bottle neck through which it is to be
forced, and forcing said ball in such manner that after its passage through the neck
of the bottle it will recover its spherical shape, and thereby serve as a stopper to
the said bottle when forced against the interior of the lower part of the bottle neck
by the aerated or gaseous liquid or fluid placed therein; when required to pour out
the contents of the bottle so stoppered it is merely necessary to force inwards the
ball from its position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING SHEETS OF PAPER ON DRAWING BOARDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Waddington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1878.
DAVID WADDINGTON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cabinetmaker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING SHEETS OF PAPER ON DRAWING
BOARDS."
This Invention consists in hingeing clips of metal or other material to the back
of the drawing board, and in these clips are slots fitting on rings fixed to the back
of the board.
To the clips above referred to are fixed shot bolts or other equivalents which
take into rings, or the pressure on the clips may be given by screws or wedges, and
the clips, instead of being hinged to the board, may be made in one or more detached
pieces.
The mode of operation is as follows:-When the sheet of paper to be mounted
has been damped, as usual, it is laid on the board, and the edges of the sheet are
turned over on to the back; the hinged or other clips are then brought down on
to the edges of the paper, and the slots in the clips then fit on the rings fixed in the
back of the board; the shot bolts are then secured in the rings, or the detached
clips are applied to the edges of the sheet to bind the whole firmly together.
I prefer to make the board of thin steel metal to prevent warping, but I do not
limit myself to sheet metal, as the hinged clips or other devices for holding the edges
of the paper may be applied to wood or other boards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS FOR LADIES' USE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Aron at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1878. A communication from
abroad by Adolphe Aron, of Rue de Braque, Paris, France.
ALBERT ARON, of Rose Street, Newgate Street, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS FOR LADIES' USE." [A communication from abroad by
Adolphe Aron, of Rue de Braque, Paris, France.]
The object of this Invention is to construct fans for ladies' use in such manner
that they may be conveniently carried in the pocket of the user.
For the purpose of my Invention I construct the fan in two portions, that is to
say, the leaves or ribs are not formed or made in the same piece or pieces with the
strips or blades forming the handle, but are made separately therefrom, and are
connected thereto as herein-after described.
Now in carrying out my Invention I hinge or articulate the leaves or ribs to the
blades or strips forming the handle, so that when the fan is closed the leaves or ribs
can be folded or turned over the handle, and I thus reduce the length of the fan,
and render it compact for carrying in the pocket.
When the leaves or ribs are turned or folded over its handle they may be kept
securely fastened thereto by means of a clasp, or by an india-rubber band or ring
engaging in a stud, or by any other suitable fastening contrivance.
IN MACHINES FOR BUILDING HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edward Phillips at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1878.
ROBERT EDWARD PHILLIPS, of Ludlow, in the County of Salop.
IN MACHINES FOR BUILDING HEELS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR
OTHER PURPOSES."
In a suitable framing I arrange a circular revolving table, equally divided into
eight divisions, seven of which carry knives (being the average number of lifts in
a heel) and the eighth a lever to manipulate the lift collecting apparatus, and the
nailing device if the heel is nailed together. Should there be more lifts required
to form the heel two or more lifts must be cut in the same knife; or if less, one or
more of the knives must be passed over. To effect this a cam disc is carried on a
countershaft driven eight times slower than the main shaft, and consequently it
revolves in correspondence with the circular revolving table; it is also equally
divided into eight divisions, numbered correspondingly with those on the revolving
table. Each of these divisions carries a cam, which manipulates the corresponding
division of the table, so that if the knife in that division is required to make a
longer or shorter pause the proper cam to effect this must be put in that division.
The driving connection between the main shaft and the revolving table is effected
by friction gear, and is operated upon by the cams on the cam discs.
A cross head carries on one end the cutting block, and on the other the lift
collecting apparatus, and receives a reciprocating by preference up-and-down
motion from an eccentric on the main shaft.
The cut lifts are left in the knives, and are in due course brought under the lift
collecting apparatus, which takes them from the knives, and being cemented or
nailed together form a heel.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF SUSPENDING SHIPS' SALOONS AND CABINS, CATTLE PENS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, TO COUNTERACT THE ROLLING, PITCHING, COMPOUND AND TRANSITORY MOVEMENTS OF A VESSEL AT SEA
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alexander Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1878.
JAMES ALEXANDER WALKER, of No. 49, Campbell Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Naval Architect. "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF
SUSPENDING SHIPS' SALOONS AND CABINS, CATTLE PENS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES, TO
COUNTERACT THE ROLLING, PITCHING, COMPOUND AND TRANSITORY MOVEMENTS OF
A VESSEL AT SEA."
For this I construct or cause to be constructed a square or oblong frame of
wrought iron or other suitable metal, which will be secured and affixed to the under
side of the deck in a substantial manner, or to be supported by four or more iron
columns or pillars from the vessel's deck. From the said frame vertically extend
two or more circular racers, one put above the other, and working upon the said
circular racers are two or more sliding racer blocks, the sliding racer blocks to have
affixed at four corners four wheels, which shall be free to rotate and slide upon and
against such circular racer in the centre of the said sliding racer blocks is a larger
wheel or sheave flanged at its circumferential sides. Upon this larger wheel or
sheave rests a piece of wrought iron or other suitable metal, having the form of a
bird's wing when extended, which piece of metal I, preferably, designate the wing,
one end of such wing to be provided with a plate, which shall rest against the
respective structure's sides, and be secured thereto. When the vessel rolls to port
the wing will cause the larger wheel or sheave to rotato, and the structure will
maintain a level whilst the vessel rolls round it; precisely the same result will be
attained should the vessel roll to starboard.
Should the vessel perform a fore or aft pitch, owing to the same practical working
appertaining thereto the structure will be likewise in a quiescent position, and
should the vessel perform a compound movement, as the port and starboard racer
blocks move fore or aft, so the wings move to port or starboard. It will thus be
obvious that the rolling, pitching, compound and transitory, of a vessel in a rough
sea will be counteracted.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CONNECTING LINKS FOR CHAINS AND THE LIKE.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1878. A communication
from abroad by Simon Rosenberg and Moritz Rosenberg, both of Cassel, in the
Gorman Empire.
"
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CONNECTING LINKS FOR CHAINS AND THE LIKE.'
[A communication from abroad by Simon Rosenberg and Moritz Rosenberg, both of
Cassel, in the German Empire.]
According to the present Invention a link similar in form to that of an ordinary
chain link is split or divided into two separate parts in a direction parallel to its
two flat faces, or by preference at a slight angle thereto, so that each part is some-
what thicker on one side than on the other. On the thicker side of each half is an
undercut projection of a thickness and form corresponding to that of the transverse
section of the complete link, and on the other side there is a gap or opening
corresponding exactly with the said projection, so that when the two halves are
slid on to each other, the projection on the one half fits into the gap of the other
half, and thus the two halves are secured firmly together, the ends of the gap of the
one part being dovetailed so as to fit into the correspondingly dovetailed ends of the
projection on the other part. For securing the two ends or parts of a chain, or two
eyes or loops of a rod or bar together by means of this link, the two halves are first
separated and the links to be connected having been inserted through the gaps
thereof, the halves are slid together as described, whereupon they will securely hold
the chain until again slid apart by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MAGNESIUM
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Heskin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1878.
THOMAS HESKIN, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster.. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF MAGNESIUM."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of magnesium.
The usual method of manufacturing magnesium consists in fusing magnesic
chloride with sodium, which along with other substances employed for the purpose
of promoting fusibility are placed in an earthenware retort and heated.
According to my Invention the magnesic chloride may be fused in a retort as
above described, but instead of the sodium I employ the gases hydrogen and car-
bonic oxide, or one of them, which aro or is caused to pass through the retort
whilst the magnesic chloride is in a state of fusion.
The hydrogen and carbonic oxide, or one of them, will combine with the chlorine
of the magnesic chloride, leaving the metal magnesium as the result.
The hydrogen and carbonic oxide may be produced by passing superheated steam
at high pressure through heated anthracite or other coal, which will decompose the
steam into its constituent gases, oxygen and hydrogen, uniting with the oxygen to
form carbonic oxide, and setting the hydrogen free.
The bye-products resulting from my improved process may be utilized. Thus, the
hydrochloric acid-may be used for converting a fresh supply of magnesic carbonate
into magnesic chloride, and any other of the products which are combustible may
be used as fuel for generating steam or other purposes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED REST FOR RIFLE FIRING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harrington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1878.
WILLIAM HARRINGTON, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Armourer. "A
NEW OR IMPROVED REST FOR RIFLE FIRING."
My Invention relates to a new or improved rest for rifle firing, whereby a rifle
can be held with great steadiness when fired in windy weather, or when the rifle-
man is in a kneeling, stooping, sitting, reclining, or other position. It consists in
attaching to the upper and lower bands of the rifle stock a cup-shaped cap piece of
brass or other metal. This cap piece fits over and rests on the upper end of the
ramrod, which is placed uprightly on the ground, and steadied in that position by
guy ropes or cords attached to and extending from the cam of the ramrod to the
pegs or stakes driven into the ground.
When firing from a kneeling, sitting, or reclining position, and it is required to rest
the rifle at a corresponding distance below the cam or top of the ramrod, one of the
cap pieces on the stock, in lieu of resting on the end of the rod, as above described,
fits over and rests on a ball or button-shaped projection carried by a split steel
spring or clasp, which being split or sprung on to the ramrod is capable of sliding
up and down thereon to any desired extent.
In cases where two or more riflemen are engaged two ramrods are placed on the
ground at a suitable distance apart, and in lieu of the ball or button-shaped piece
carried by each steel spring or clasp a suitably shaped (according to the form of the
stock) rest is substituted. In and between these rests the rifle is laid, and being
set to the proper aim or line of sight, can be removed and replaced for firing when
required.
By this Invention a correct and steady aim is at all times secured with a minimum
expenditure of ammunition, and the apparatus being extremely light and portable
very little extra weight has to be carried by the rifleman.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING VARIOUS WOODS AND WOODY FIBRE FOR LIGHTING AND BURNING PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 18th May 1878.
ALFRED FORD, of 6, St. John's Wood Place, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING VARIOUS
WOODS AND WOODY FIBRE FOR LIGHTING AND BURNING PURPOSES."
I subject wood of various kinds, and in pieces of various sizes and shapes, to the
action of a solution of caustic alkali, either potash or soda, made in the proportion of
about one pound of such alkali to ten pounds of water, more or less, and with or
without the assistance of heat, and with or without the co-operation of pressure
for a long or short period, according to the description of the wood to be treated,
whether it be hard or soft, in order to soften the wood or render it more absorbent.
I then subject the wood so treated to the action of a solution of saltpetro, chlorate
of potash, and sugar, in or about the following proportions, which may however be
varied according to requirements, viz. :-Ten parts of saltpetre, one part of chlorato
of potash, and one part of sugar, dissolved in twelve parts of water, and with or
without the assistance of heat, and with or without the co-operation of pressure,
and for a long or short period, according to the thickness or hardness of the wood
to be treated.
To the above solution I occasionally add one part of phosphorus, or two parts
of bichromate of potash to one hundred of the solution, more or less.
To effect my purpose I immerse the wood in the solution, or force the solution
into the wood by hydraulic pressure.
The object of this Invention is to render wood useful as fusees, and for pyro-
technic purposes, and generally to increase its burning powers.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLIED TO THE SHAFTS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gold at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1878.
HENRY GOLD, of New Windsor, in the County of Berks, Carriage Builder.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLIED TO THE SHAFTS OF CARRIAGES."
My Invention relates,-
Firstly. To improved means of lengthening or shortening the shafts of carriages.
And, Secondly. To a means of bringing the points of the shafts closer together
or setting them further apart, to suit them for smaller or larger horses, my arrange-
ments permitting both these operations to be performed with the greatest facility
when the horse is between the shafts.
Upon the centre of each shaft I propose to secure a fulcrum by means of two clips,
or in any other suitable manner; a screw will pass through this fulcrum, parallel
with the shaft, and carried in two brackets fixed to its under side. On eacli end of
this screw I propose to fit a thumbscrew, and a spindle from the front stay of the
carriage will pass through the fulcrum to fix the shaft to the body. By turning the
thumbscrew the shaft will lengthen or shorten.
For bringing the points of the shafts closer together or setting them further apart,
I propose to place an adjusting screw with a double nut at the back of the body of
the carriage, and attached by a plate to the end of the shaft, so that by turning a
thumbscrew this end of the shaft will be drawn closer to or set further from the
body of the carriage, and the points of the shafts be thereby made to approach or to
recede from each other.