IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Potter, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 20th April 1853, and dated the 19th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Potter at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th November 1852.
I, JAMES POTTER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
It consists in certain improvements in machines called self-
acting mules, for which I obtained Letters Patent, the first bearing
date the 21st December 1836; the second, the 25th May 1842; and
the third, the 13th September 1849, which improvements are in
part applicable to other self-acting mules.
First, in the application and arrangement of certain machinery,
for the purpose of giving motion to the drums or rollers which
actuate the spindles, instead of the cord or band usually employed.

page_text: Second, in the combination and adaptation of the above machinery
with the spiral winding on motions, and also with the backing off
motion.
Third, in forming the spirals used in the winding on motions so
as to wind on without the allowance or deduction (usually made)
for the running in of the carriage.
Fourth, in an improved regulator for the
purpose
of regulating
the winding on motion so as always to wind on the yarn at a proper
degree of tension.
Fifth, in applying a spring to the break so as to bring the strap
gently upon the rim, and by this means to prevent too sudden a
check on the yarn.
Sixth, in an improvement in the form of that part of the upright
lever of the backing off motion, against which the backing-off bowl
operates.
Seventh, in an improved mode of applying the cam or spiral
(revolving on an axis), which regulates the position of the upright
lever of the backing off motion.
Eighth, in a method of disconnecting the catch-boxes which com-
municate motion to the drawing rollers and carriage in my improved
mule as adapted to the spinning of coarse yarns.
Ninth, in an improved arrangement in the mechanism by which
the drawing out of the carriage is effected, as adapted for spinning
fine yarns.
Tenth, in an improved mode or modes of connecting the weight
box with the faller finger, so as to act with greater accuracy on the
faller wire.
Eleventh, in the application of a varying rest to support the
weight-box and faller-wire after the process of backing-off is com-
pleted.
Twelfth, in a new mode of applying the double speed pulleys,
wheels, and strap guide.
Thirteenth, in applying a lever or radial arm to wind on the yarn,
and combining it with the other parts of the apparatus in my self-
acting mule.

page_text: Fourteenth, in the application and adaptation of a drum partaking
of a conical and spiral form, for the purpose of guiding the faller
instead of the usual incline.
Fifteenth, in the application of friction rollers to balance the
tension of the under-fuller wire, and so prevent the under faller
shaft from binding in the faller-stays.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Potter in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES POTTER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Jaines Potter, Her special
licence that I, the said James Potter, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Potter, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no_
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Potter,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Potter, 'do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what inainer the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof (that is to say):
part
It consists.in.certain improvements in machines, called self-acting
mules, for which I obtained Letters Patent, the first bearing date the
twenty-first December, One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six;
the second, the twenty-fifth May, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-two; and the third the thirteenth September, One thousand
eight, hundred and forty-nine, which improvements are in
applicable to other self-acting mules; the specifications to which
said Letters Patent were duly enrolled, and will on perusal afford
further information so far as they are applicable to the. explanation
and elucidation of the present Invention. And for the purpose of
making my present Invention more clearly understood, I have here-
unto annexed three Sheets of Drawings, marked 1, 2, and 3, to which
the following description is to be applied, reference being had to the
letters and figures marked thereon. It being understood that when
the same figures and letters of reference are found combined together
in the different drawings, they designate the same parts.
-
My first improvement consists in the application and arrangement
of certain machinery, for the purpose of giving motion to the drums
or rollers which actuate the spindles instead of the cord or band
usually employed.
My.second improvement consists_in_the_combination_and_adap
tation of the above machinery with the spiral winding on motions,
and also with backing off notions.
My third improvement consists in forming the spirals used in the
winding on motions, so as to wind on (without the allowance or de
duction (usually made) for the running in of the carriage. The
nature of these improveinents will be understood on reference to
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, Sheets 1, and 2. A, framework of the
headstock; B, a spur wheel which receives motion from the first
motion shaft, and drives the spur pinion B', working on a stud, and
which carries the bevil wheel, D2, which gives motion to the bevil

page_text: wheel B³, fixed on the horizontal shaft B4, which extends to the ends
of the headstock as shown in Figs. 1, and 2, and is supported at each
end by fixings attached to the framework A. This shaft has in it a key
groove or slot from one end to the other, by which means the bevil
wheel B, whilst it slides on the shaft B+, receives motion from it by
ineans of a key or feather, which enters the groove or slot. The bevil
whee! B³, works in a bearing attached to the carriage, with which it is
carried backwards and forwards by means of two collars, which
einbrace the bearing on each side. By this means it gives motion
to the bevil wheel B6, on the shaft B', running the full length of the
carriage, and which gives motion to the drums which drives the
spindles, by means of bevil wheels, in the usual manner; or, if a con-
tinuous roller is made use of to drive the spindles, the shaft B³, is
made only of such length as to ensure steadiness, and motion is
communicated from it to the roller by means of spur wheels at the
outside of the carriage end. By this arrangement the motion com-
municated to the spindles is positive and direct, without loss or gain
occasioned by the traversing of the carriage, as is the case when
a band is made use of to communicate motion to the drums or roller.
To render this improvement effectual, a corresponding alteration is
made in the form of the spirals used in the winding on motion. C, the
winding on motion, the parts of which are shewn separately in Figs.
5, 6, and 7. Fig. 6, shewing more particularly the improved form of
what is called the rose or face plate, which regulates the variation
of the spiral, and adapts it to the various stages of building or
forming the cop. The adaptation and use of this improved mode of
communicating motion to the spindles gives the backing off motion
more certainty and regularity in its operation, and thus remedies
the injurious effect caused by the ever-varying tightness of the drum
band.
My fourth improvement consists in an improved regulator, for
the purpose of regulating the winding on motion, so as always to
wind on the yarn at a proper degree of tension. This improved
regulator operates in connexion with the under faller. E, (Figs. 3, and
4,) is the axis of the under faller; E', a lever or finger attached to it;

page_text: E2, a rod connecting it with the finger Es, fixed on the axis E,
which proceeds through the carriage to the back, where there is
attached to it the finger E³, which operates on the rod E6, (by means
of a stud,) which again communicates motion to the slide E. (For
a view of this mechanism fixed at the back of the carriage, see Fig.
8.) The slide E7, carries a hanging catch or tongue E³, which by
the motion of the slide comes opposite to one or other of the
fingers E, and E10, turning on studs or pins on a bracket or other
fixing attached to the floor. The finger E³, is connected by a rod
E", to one end of a double lever E¹³, (weighted at the upper end so
as to form a tumbler,) the finger E10, being connected in a similar
manner by a rod E¹², to the other end. The double lever E18, is
fixed on the axis E14, which carries the finger E, (Figs. 1, and 2,)
connected by a band or chain with the cogger E1, which acts upon
the star wheel C³, of the winding on motion. On reference to the
drawing it will be seen that the slide E7, is acted upon by a friction
spring E, (the use of which is to prevent undue vibration of the
slide E',) and that the rod E6, has a loop or slot at the end, in which
the stud on the finger E5, moves. The operation of this mechanism
is as follows: When the yarn in the process of winding on becomes
too tight, the under faller wire is depressed; this raises the lever or
finger E, the motion of which (by means of the mechanism de-
scribed) is transmitted to the slide E7, by which the tongue E³,
comes into contact with the finger E, and by that means throws
the tumbler E18, over the centre, turning the axis E14, so as to lift
the finger E, which, slackening the band or chain, allows the cogger
E", to fall into its proper position for turning the star wheel C³, of
the winding on motion, and so slackening the tension of the yarn,
in winding on. When the process of winding on the yarn becomes
too slack, the under faller wire rises by the operation of the
under faller weight, and by this means the tongue E³, comes into
contact with the finger E10, which, throwing the tumbler E¹³, over
the centre into contrary position to what it was in before, depresses
the finger E, which now, by means of the band or chain, lifts the
cogger E¹, out of action, so as not to turn the star wheel C¹, in con-

page_text: sequence of which the slackening of the winding on motion does not
proceed, and the cop increasing in size the proper degree of tension
is attained.
My fifth improvement consists in applying a spring to the break
so as to bring the break strap gently upon the rim, and by this
means prevent too sudden a check upon the yarn. In Figs. 1, and
2, G, the rim to which the strap of the break is applied; G', the
break strap; G2, a spring of vulcanized india-rubber, or metal,
which connects the strap G₁, to one end of the connecting rod G³,
which receives motion from the break lever G+, by means of a pin
or stud. The upper end of the connecting rod G³, is kept steady
during its action by a radius rod G. In this arrangement it will.
be seen that when the break lever G₁, comes into action, it first of
all stretches or tightens the spring G², through the medium of which
the strap G, is brought to press upon the break rim G. On account
of the yielding of the spring G2, this is necessarily a gradual opera-
tion, and consequently all sudden check on the yarn on account of
the application of the break is avoided.
My sixth improvement consists in an improvement in the form
of that part of the upright lever of the backing off notion, against
which the backing off bowl operates. H, Fig. 2, represents the
backing off lever, shewn separately in Fig. 15; H', the part against
which the bowl operates. It is here shewn of the improved form,
and consists of two prominences a, and b, colored red in the drawing.
The prominence a, receives the stroke of the bowl, and is of such a
form as to perform the office of backing off at the proper time, and
with great uniformity of effect (whilst the prominence b, is of such
a shape as to lower the lever in a gradual manner after the backing
off is completed.
My seventh improvement consists in an improved mode of applying
the cam or spiral, revolving on an axis, which regulates the position of
the upright lever of the backing off motion. I, I, &c., Figs. 1, and 2,
an horizontal shaft or axis, having on it the catch wheel I', by which
it is put into motion at each stretch by the catch 12, (on the can
lever 13). It has upon it the worm 1*, geered into the worm wheel 15,

page_text: on the horizontal shaft 16, which gives motion to the shaper 17, by:
means of the mitre-wheels 18. The shaft I, has upon it the cam-or
spiral 1°, which regulates the position of the lever 110, on the axis
1, of the backing off lever H, the action of which is thus regulated
in a simple and effectual manner by the cam or spiral Iº.
My eighth improvement consists in a method of disconnecting the
catch boxes which communicate motion to the drawing rollers and
carriage in my improved mule as adapted to the spinning of coarse
yarns. J, Fig. 2; the connecting rod of the taking in motion; it carries
a stud J', by which it acts on the lever J?, when completing its retro-
grade motion at the time when the drawing out of the carriage is about
completed. The lever J, (sce Fig. 10,) is fixed-at-one-end-of-an-
axis Jo, which passes through a fixing attached to the inside of the
frame work of the headstock, a portion of which A', is there shown:
The axis J, has on its opposite end the catch J. Jo, a lever,
turning on a stud attached to the frame side, and to which is
attached the geering rod Dº, by means of a stud. When the catch
boxes are connected, as they are during the time the carriage is draw-
ing out, they are retained in that position by the catch JA, which takes
hold of a stud at the lower end of the lever J; but when the
drawing out of the carriage is completed, the catch J, is lifted, by
which notion the connecting rod Do, is set at liberty and the catch.
boxes are disconnected by the action of the spring D¹³.
My ninth improvement consists in an improved arrangement in the
-mechanism by which the drawing out of the carriage is effected, as
adapted for spinning fine yarns. D, Fig. 12, the setting on handle; D',
a shaft or axis which passes through the headstock, and at one end of
which is the lever-M¹³, (Figs. 1, and 2,) and at the other end of the
arm D², which is connected with the catch D₁, by the connecting rod-
D³; D³, a-lever moving on the contre-b, and having at the other end
the stud a, by which it is held during the drawing out of the carriage
by the latch D. D, g, a geering rod connecting the lever D³, with
an arm on the vertical bellcrank shaft D", which regulates the action
of the coupling box on the front roller, and likewise the coupling
box which regulates the drawing out of the carriage; D, a lever,

page_text: which carries the stretching motion shaft, and by the action of which
the stretching motion pinion is geered and ungeered; D³, a link
which communicates motion from the vertical bellcrank shaft D6, to
the lever D, by means of a stud e, which enters a short slot in the
link D8; D, a catch in the form of a double bellcrank, one arın
of which retains the lever D, in position, whilst the stretching
motion pinion is in geer; D, another bellcrank, the horizontal arın
of which being depressed by a stud d, projecting from the face of
the large wheel of the winding shaft, the vertical arm acts upon the
lower arin of the double bellcrank D", by means of a stud (colored
red), the horizontal arm of which being raised, the lever D7, is detached,
and being drawn back by the spring D¹³, attached to the link D³,
the stretching motion pinion is thus drawn out of geer. To render
the ungeering of the stretching motion pinion certain, a short con-
necting rod D2, (a separate view of which is given,) is used to
connect the upper arm of the double bell crank D", with the lever
D. One end of this connecting rod has in it a short slot, which
receives into it a stud on the double bell crank D", the other end
working on a stud on the lever D'. In case, therefore, of the spring
DI³, failing to ungeer the stretching motion pinion at the proper
time, the pinion is forcibly ungeered by the action of the connecting
rod on the lever D'.
My tenth improvement consists in an improved mode or modes of
connecting the weight box with the faller finger, so as to act with
greater accuracy on the faller wire.
My cleventh improvement consists in the application of a varying
rest to support the weight box and faller wire after the process of back-
ing off is completed. L, (Fig. 3,) is the weight box, shewn also in
dotted lines in Fig. 4, and in another view Fig. 14, Sheet 3. It is of
such a form as to admit of weights being readily attached to it, to
increase the weight when necessary. It moves on a centre L'; and L²,
is the point which rests on the incline when it is in action during
the winding of the yarn; L³, is the connecting rod on a stud on
the weight box, which stud is nearly at the same distance from the
centre L', as the point L². The upper part of the connecting rod

page_text: L³, is furnished with a rack, which takes into the sector LA, on the
axis of the faller, and attached to the faller finger; or I sometimes
vary this construction by connecting the connecting rod to the faller
finger by means of a joint and pin, or stud. By means of the di-
rectness and stability of this mode of connecting the weight box
with the faller finger, great accuracy in the motion of the faller
wire is attained. Lo, is the varying rest; it moves on a joint pin L6,
which passes through the incline and is acted upon through the
means of a projection upon it, by a cam or shaper I7, fixed on the
shaper shaft I?.
The shaper L', thus regulates the position of the
varying rest, and is of such a form as to allow the faller wire to
descend to or a little below the cop nose at the period when the
backing off is concluded. A separate view of the varying rest L, and
the shaper L, is given in Fig. 13, (Sheet 3,) the setting out or cal-
culation of which is such as to follow the rise of the back shaper
during the process of building the cop. In certain cases in which
the form of the curved surface of the incline is reversed, so as to act
on the faller finger by means of a double lever (that is one turning
on a centre in the middle), I make a corresponding alteration in the
varying rest; its position in this case being reversed or inclined
downwards instead of upwards, in order to correspond with the alter-
ation of the incline.
My twelfth improvement consists in a new mode of applying
the double speed pulleys, wheels, and strap guide. Fig. 9,
(Sheet 2,) A2, represents a piece of framework attached to the
ceiling above the headstock; M, a drum or pulley revolving upon
the axis M1, M', which passes through it; M2, a broader drum,
turning also on the axis M', M. The drum M, carries on its boss
the spur pinion M8, which drives the spur wheel M, on the axis
M5, which has on the other end of it the spur pinion M, which
drives the spur wheel M7, fixed on the boss of the drum M². This
arrangement is similar to what is called the double speed motion.
M, a strap guide through which the strap passes, which gives
motion to the machine. The drum M, is fixed above or over the
fast and loose pulleys, and the self-acting pulley on the driving shaft

page_text: of the headstock, to which it gives motion by a strap, passing through
a strap guide M, (Fig. 2,) in the usual manner. When the driving
strap is on the drum M, it communicates the single or slower speed
to the machine; but when the driving shaft is moved by the guide
Ms, on to the pulley M², it communicates the double or quick speed to
the machine. The movements of the strap guide M³, are regulated
by the bell crank M10, which receives motion from the slide or drop
weight M¹² by means of the rod M". The slide M2, has a slot in it
into which projects a pin on the lever M¹³, by which it is raised
when the lever is acted upon by the incline M", fixed to the end of
the carriage; in this position the strap guide M³, directs the strap
on to the drum M², thus giving the quick motion to the machine. The
slide M¹², when once raised, is retained in that position (on the in-
cline M, being withdrawn, by the motion of the carriage) by the
catch M15, which takes hold of a projection at the lower part of the
slide. When the single or slow speed is again to be used, the catch
M15, is withdrawn by the cam lever 13, acting upon it; the slide M¹³,
descending by its own weight moves the strap guide M³, so as again
to place the driving strap on the drum M, when the operations are
repeated as before.
My thirteenth improvement consists in applying a radial arm
to wind on the yarn, and combining it with the other parts
of the apparatus in my self-acting mule. N, (Fig. 18, Sheet 3),
a pulley on the squaring shaft of the mule; N¹, a band or cord passing
round it and communicating motion to the pulley N2, at the front
of the headstock. This pulley has on its boss or axis a pinion which
takes into the toothed sector N³, connected with the radial arm N*,
and turning on the same centre. This radial arm is furnished with
a screw, which traverses the sliding nut No, during the formation of
the cop bottom. No, a chain or band which connects the sliding nut
No, to the barrel or drum N7, turning on a short shaft or stud in the
body of the carriage. This barrel N7, gives motion at the proper
time to the drum band, when the winding on of the yarn is to be
effected through the medium of a ratchet, and catches in the usual
manner, or a catch box with its appurtenances may be made use of

page_text: for the same purpose. During the drawing out of the carriage the
notion of the sector N³, and radial arm N4, is reversed, and the
slack of the chain No; is taken up or coiled on the barrel N7; in the
usual way. When the carriage runs in and the winding on of the
yarn takes place, a sufficient length of the chain is drawn off the
barrel N, to effect that purpose, the quantity being regulated by
the position of the sliding nut No, on the radial arm N. In cases
where I make use of this radial arm to wind on the yarn (whether
it turns on a stud attached to the head stock or on a stud fixed to
the carriage), I dispense with the spiral winding on motion, but I
retain_and_combine the other various parts and movements of my
patent horizontal mule, namely, the cam shaft and its appendages,
taking in crank, connecting rod, sector, and drag wheel, backing off
lever and its appendages, and the-weight box and faller motions, in-
cluding also the mechanical movement for the purpose of turning
the spindles for taking up the slack yarn during the lifting of the.
faller wire, as described under the fourth claim of my Patent of One
thousand cight hundred and forty-two, and also the conical spiral
drum for the purpose.of.guiding the faller wire during the building.
or forming the cop hereinafter set forth and described under. the
head of my fourteenth improvement.
My fourteenth improvement consists in the application and adapta-
tion of a drum, partaking of a conical and spiral form for the purpose
of guiding the faller wire instead of the usual incline. The nature
of this improvement will be understood from-Fig.-16, Sheet 3.-0,0,-
a section of a portion of the front of the carriage; O', O'; a section.
of a portion of the back of the carriage; O2, the drum, partaking of
a conical and spiral form; it slides on the shaft 03, 0³, to-the
extent of its own length, and is carried round with it by means of a
key or feather, which enters a slot or. groove in the shaft 04, in a
slide, by which the drum 0², is traversed on the shaft 0³.; 0³, à
screw which gives motion to the slide, and which passes through the
boss of the worm wheel 0%, which is furnished with an internal
thread, and thus traverses the screw; 07, a star wheel, on tlie boss of
which is a worm, which is geered into the worin wheel O. This

page_text: star wheel is turned a tooth each time the carriage draws out by a
catch 08, turning on a stud fixed to the floor; 0, a toothed wheel
on the shaft 03, geered into a pinion O10, which has on its boss
the pulley O, round which a band fixed at each end to the floor
passes in an horizontal direction, and at right angles to the motion
of the carriage. A backward and forward motion is thus given to
the shaft Os, and consequently to the drum 03, which is limited to a
single revolution by means of a stud fixed to the frame work. 012,
a lever which vibrates on centres at the back of the carriage, under
which it passes to the front, and likewise under the drum 03, by
which it is acted upon by means of a prominence or projecting piece
upon it, situated at the part coloured red in the drawings at 018. A
chain proceeds from the end of the lever to the sector on the faller shaft,
by which means the motions of the faller wire are governed by the
drum O. The calculation of the screw o³, the worm wheel 06, a star
wheel 07, is such that the drum 0², is traversed its full length on the
shaft 03, during the process of forming or building the cop. O², c, (Fig.
17), shews the form of the smaller end of the drum 0², which acts on
the lever at the commencement of the cop, and 0%, d, the form of the
larger end, which acts on the lever when the cop is finished. At
the commencement of the running in of carriage, the apex of the
curve is in contact with the prominence on the lever; the drum then
turns in the direction that the prominence descends, the shorter
curve to the bottom, in which position the fuller wire corresponends
with the thick part of the cop; it then ascends to the apex, in which
position the faller wire corresponds with the cop nose.
My fifteenth improvement consists in the application of friction rol-
lers to balance the tension of the under faller wire, and to prevent the
under faller shaft from binding in the faller stays or bearers. K, Fig.
11, represents a section of the under faller shaft; K, one of the under
faller fingers. The under faller wire being tightened has a tendency to
bend the under faller shaft, and so cause it to bind in the stays or
bearers. To counteract this, I place on the top faller shaft (shewn in
section K2,) friction rollers (one of which is shewn K³), which bear
against the under faller shaft at each end and outside of the under

page_text: faller fingers. These friction rollers, sustaining in a great measure the
pressure of the under faller wire, prevent any injurious binding of
the under faller shaft in its stays or bearers. My sixteenth im-
provement consists in an improved mode of weighting the under
faller. This consists in assisting the action of the under faller weight
by means of counterpoises, which counterbalance very nearly the
weight of the under faller fingers. In Fig. 11, K4, represents one
of these counterpoises which nearly counterbalance the weight of the
under faller finger K'. I prefer applying the counterpoises in the
manner here shown, though one counterpoiser might be made to
counterbalance a number of the under faller fingers.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I would have it un-
derstood that I do not claim any portion of the mechanism described
taken separately and by itself; but that what I do claim as new and
as of my Invention is as follows:- Under the head of my first im-
provement I claim the application and arrangement of the horizontal
shaft B, and its appurtenances in combination with the other parts
of my self-acting mule, as set forth and described. Under the head
of my second improvement I claim the application and arrange-
ment of the horizontal shaft B4, and its appurtenances in combina-
tion with the backing off motion, as set forth and described. Under
the head of my third improvement I claim the application of the
improved spirals used in the winding on motion in combination with
the shaft B, and its appurtenances for the purpose of winding on, as
set forth and described. Under the head of my fourth improvement
I claim the improved regulator for regulating the winding on
motion, as set forth and described. Under the head of my fifth im-
provement I claim the application of a spring to the break so as to
bring the break strap gently on the break rim, as set forth and de-
scribed. Under the head of my sixth improvement I claim the im-
provement in the form of that part of the upright lever of the
bag of motion against which the backing off howl operates, as
set forth and described. Under the head of my seventh improve-

page_text: ment I claim the improved mode of applying the cam or spiral
which regulate the position of the upright lever of the backing
off motion, as set forth and described. Under the head of my
eighth improvement I claim the mode of disconnecting the catch
boxes which communicate motion to the drawing rollers and carriage
in my improved mule, as adapted to the spinning of coarse yarns, .
as set forth and described. Under the head of my ninth improve-
ment, I claim the improved arrangement in the mechanism by which
the drawing out of the carriage is regulated and effected, as adapted
for the spinning of fine yarns, as set forth and described. Under
the head of my tenth improvement I claim the improved mode or
modes of connecting the weight box with the faller finger, so as to
act with greater accuracy on the faller wire, as set forth and described.
Under the head of my eleventh improvement I claim the application
of the varying rest to support the weight box and faller wire after
the process of the backing off is completed, as set forth and described.
Under the head of any twelfth improvement I claim the new mode
of applying the double speed pulleys, wheels, and strap guide, as set
forth and described. Under the head of my thirteenth improvement
I claim the application of the lever or radial arm to wind on the
yarn, in combination with the other parts of the mechanism in my
self acting mule, as set forth and described. Under the head of iny
fourteenth improvement I claim the application and adaptation (to
my patent self-acting mule) of the drum partaking of a conical and
spiral form for the purpose of guiding the faller wire during the
process of building the cop, and also the application and combination
of the said conical spiral drum with the lever or radial arm, as set
forth and described. Under the head of my fifteenth improvement
I claim the application of friction pullies or rollers to balance the
tension of the faller wire and so prevent the under faller shaft from
fastening on binding in the faller bearers, as set forth and described.
Under the head of my sixteenth improvement I claim the improved
mode of weighting or balancing the under faller, as set forth and
described.

page_text: In witness whereof, I, the said James l'otter, have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Seventeenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JAMES POTTER. (L.S.)
Signed by the within-named JAMES POTTER
in the presence of
JOHN POTTER, C. E.
9, Corporation Street,
Manchester.