IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Holding, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, and James Eccles, of the same Place, Weaver, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Holding and
James Eccles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th September 1869.
We, JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and
JAMES ECCLES, of the same Place, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
The Invention relates to further improvements upon Letters Patent
granted to us on the 26th day of July 1869, the object of which
Invention was for the purpose of forming a shed in looms for the
passage of the shuttle by a novel arrangement of mechanism that
dispenses with the use of "healds." The present improvements are for

page_text: a further development of the said Invention, and are designed for the
purpose of enabling the said mechanism to produce a cover upon the
cloth at the time of "closing in." In order to effect this cover the
yarns or warps forming the top portion of the "shed" at the time of
picking" should be slack, and the under ones next the "lathe" or
"fly board" tight. By the employment of the mechanism described in the
Specification of Patent above referred to the reverse of this would take
place when "shedding," but in order to remedy this defect when cloth
is being manufactured that requires a "cover" we employ the arrange-
ment of mechanism forming the subject of our additional improvements,
which consist as follows:-A parallel rod is placed between the
yarn forming the alternate top and bottom of the shed in a position
above the "warp beam." This rod is connected by clamps or other
equivalent to a rocking shaft, which when in action causes the parallel
rod connected thereto to vibrate in such a manner that at the time the
warps are "shedding" the edge of the rod is caused to exert a pressure
on the warp threads forming the under part of the shed, the effect of
which is to obtain the amount of tension required upon the two portions
of yarn forming the shed, viz., slack at the top and tight at the bottom,
producing thereby a cover upon the cloth as desired. In order to
perfect the formation of shed it is necessary that the cloth should be
kept well down in contact with the "race board." This we accomplish
by reversing the action of the temple rollers, that is, instead of the
temple rollers acting underneath upon the cloth and the lid or cover
pressing on and keeping the cloth in contact from above, we reverse the
action of the temple by placing the temple rollers in the cap or lid and
placing them above and upon the cloth, which is thereby caused to pass
between the rollers and the bottom portion of the temple in which the
midfeather is formed for keeping the manufactured cloth well in contact
with the upper rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Holding and James Eccles in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 15th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinst, and
JAMES ECCLES, of the same Place, Weaver, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Joseph Holding and James Eccles,
Her special license that we, the said Joseph Holding and James Eccles,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Joseph Holding and James Eccles, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Holding
and James Eccles, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Holding and James Eccles,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is
to say :-
The Invention relates to further improvements upon Letters Patent
granted to us on the Twenty-sixth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine, the object of which Invention was for the
purpose of forming a shed in looms for the passage of the shuttle by
a novel arrangement of mechanism that dispenses with the use of healds.
These present improvements are for a further development of the said
Invention, and are designed for the purpose of enabling the said
mechanism to produce a "cover" upon the cloth at the time of
"closing in." In order to effect this "cover" the yarns or warps
forming the top portion of the "shed" at the time of "picking" should
be slack, and the under ones next the "lathe" or "fly board" tight.
By the employment of the mechanism described in the Specification of
Patent above referred to the reverse of this would take place when

page_text: €6
'shedding," but in order to remedy this defect when cloth is being
manufactured that requires a "cover" we employ the arrangement of
mechanism forming the subject of our additional improvements, which
consist as follows:-A parallel rod is placed between the yarns forming
the alternate top and bottom of the "shed" in a position above the warp
beam. This rod is connected by arms or other equivalent to a "rocking
shaft," which, when in action, communicates to the parallel rod con-
nected thereto a vibratory motion, which, when the warps are "shedding "
comes into contact with and exerts a pressure upon the alternate threads
forming the under part or bottom of the "shed," the effect of which
transmits the amount of tension required upon the two portions of yarn
forming the "shed," namely, slack at the top and tight at the bottom,
producing thereby a cover upon the cloth as desired. In order to
perfect the formation of the "shed" it is necessary that the cloth should
be kept well down in contact with the "race board." This we accom-
plish by reversing the action of the temple rollers, that is, instead of the
temple rollers acting underneath upon the cloth and the lid or cover
pressing on and keeping the cloth in contact from above, we reverse the
action of the temple by placing the temple rollers in the cap or lid and
placing them above and upon the cloth, which is thereby caused to pass
between the rollers and the bottom portion of the temple in which
the midfeather is formed, keeping the manufactured cloth well in
contact with the upper rollers.
"
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1,
made to a scale of about three inches inches to a foot, represents in
elevational section the improved vibrator in connection with the ordinary
loom in the position it would assume for tightening the under portion of
the "shed" when formed by our improved shedding wires, or when
formed by any other arrangement of apparatus employed for "shedding"
in which the alternate threads of warp are raised, as previously described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us on the Twenty-sixth
day of July One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine; and Fig. 2
represents a similar view (full size) with the exception that the improved
vibrator employed for effecting a tension alternately upon the upper
and lower portion of the threads forming the "shed" is shown in the
position such vibrator would assume when the shed is closed at the
time of changing.

page_text: "
In these Figs. a, a, is the framing of the loom; b, the bracket
supporting our improved shedding wires c, which are shewn in position
when the shed is closed at the time of changing, and also in dots when
open at the time the "shed" is formed for the "pick" or passage of
the shuttle, seen at 1, 2, 3, 4; d is the crank shaft, and e the "leesc
rod," between which points and the "fell" of the cloth, seen at f, the shed
is formed. In order to get a "cover upon the cloth when closing. in
the weft, and to obviate for this purpose the reverse of the tention given
by our novel arrangement of shedding wires c, we construct and place
the rod g between the yarns a¹ and a forming the top and bottom of
the shed in a position above the warp beam i; this rod g is connected
by arms h to a second parallel rod k, supported in bearings l, through
one end of which the rod passes and is connected by the lever m and
connecting rod n to the stud on the disc p; thus when the disc (secured
on second motion shaft) is revolving it transmits a rocking or oscillatory
motion to the shaft or rod g through the medium of the lever m and
conducting rod n; this motion is regulated so as to give more or less
vibration to the parallel bar k; its situation being between the warp
threads is caused to exert a pressure upon the alternate threads forming
the under part or bottom of the "shed," the effect of which when
regulated transmits the amount of tension required upon the two
portions of yarn forming the "shed," namely, slack at the top and tight
at the bottom, producing thereby a cover upon the cloth as desired. In
forming the "shed" in the novel manner described (in our before
recited Specification) consequent upon the employment of our improved
and peculiar "shedding" apparatus it is necessary to reverse the action
of the temple. For this purpose we place the rollers in the lid or cap
above the cloth and cause such cloth in its traverse as manufactured to
pass between the under side of the rollers in the cap and a midfeather
formed in the bottom or body of the temple secured to the temple rod,
thereby holding the cloth as manufactured well down on a level with
the bottom of the reed on a line with the race board or "fly."
Having now described the nature of our Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it
to be clearly understood in conclusion that we do not confine our-
selves to the precise arrangement of vibrating rods referred to and
shewn in the Drawings at g and k, as it is obvious to any practical
weaver that a vibrator of this construction may be employed in con-

page_text: nection with or form the "leese rods" or otherwise; but what we claim
as and for our Invention is, the novel employment, use, and adaptation
to looms generally, but more particularly to our improved shedding
motion for which these improvements were particularly designed, the
placing of a rod or rods between the yarns forming the under and lower
portions of the "shed," and actuating such rod or rods by a crank or
other equivalent that will enable one or both to exert in their vibrations
more or less stress upon the warp threads alternately forming the lower
portion of the shed, together with the general arrangement of apparatus
forming the subject of these improvements, as herein-before described,
set forth, and fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Holding and James Eccles,
have hereunto set our hands and scals, this the Third day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
Witness to the signatures,
HENRY VAUGHAN,
61, Princess St.,
Manchester.
JOSEPH HOLDING. (L.S.)
JAMES ECCLES.
(L.S.)