Improvements in and connected with Earthenware and siula P pes and in the Method of Jointing the same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd June, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Feb., 1899-Accepted, 1st Apr., 1899
Improvements in and connected with Earthenware and siula P pes
and in the Method of Jointing the same.
I, RICHARD AMES, of 116, Loughborough Road, West Bridgford, in the County
of Nottingham, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of the ends of pipes for drains
sewers and other purposes and to improvements in the method of jointing such
pipes whereby the said pipes may be easily and quickly laid and a broken pipe
readily removed and replaced.
As is well know drain and sewer pipes at present in use are mainly constructed
of earthenware or stoneware and each pipe is connected to the next and made gas
and water tight by means of some kind of spigot and socket joint which necessitates
the longitudinal insertion of the spigot of one pipe into the socket of the next.
Pipes so constructed are difficult to joint satisfactorily in deep trenches and in
bad ground and it is also a difficult and expensive matter to take out a pipe from
a sewer already laid and insert a junction when required.
Now according to this invention I dispense with the spigots and sockets
altogether and form the ends of the pipes and joints in the following manner.
At each end of the pipe I form a flange or collar having a transverse face of
sufficient width to form a joint and in each face I form one or more annular grooves
or recesses preferably concentric with the bore of the pipe.
When the faces of two pipes are brought together the said grooves or recesses are
opposite to each other and cement or other suitable jointing material is run into the
said grooves or recesses through one or more orifices formed in the flange or collar
of one of the pipes for that purpose.
To secure each pipe to the next and to ensure a true alignment at the invert of the
joint I form a semicircular projection on the bottom of the flange or collar at one
end of the pipe and in this projection I form a tapering groove preferably concentric
with the bore of the pipe so that when the pipe is laid the edge of the collar or
flange of the next pipe enters the said recess.
The edge of the collar at the other end of the pipe is formed to fit the groove in the
projection so that when the tapered edge of the flange or collar of one pipe is
pressed into the groove of the next pipe the faces of the flanges are drawn tightly
together and when the jointing material is run into the grooves in the said faces
the joint is gas and water tight.
In some cases I may dispense with the annular grooves in the faces of the flanges
or collars and make the joint staunch by means of grease and red lead or other
suitable material smeared on the faces before the pipes are connected together.
The faces may be scored to ensure the adhesion of the jointing material while
laying.
As pipes made of earthenware and stoneware are liable to warp when burnt I
prefer to put an artificial face on the flanges and collars and also on the edges
of the flanges and in the groove in the projection in order to ensure the parts
fitting accurately together.
'
These faces may be formed of the usual mixture of pitch and other ingredients

page_text: or of any other suitable material and may be put on with moulds in the usual
way.
According to another method of carrying out this invention I form both ends
of the pipe alike but reversed that is to say I form half of each collar with a
projection and the other half with a tapered edge to fit the groove in the projection
on the next pipe the projection being at the bottom of the collar at
one end of the pipe and at the top of the collar at the other end of
the pipe so that when laid the collars are gripped all round.
Or according to a further modification instead of using a semicircular projection
at the top of the pipe I may use one or more lugs only. Although I have
described the projections as semicircular yet I wish it to be understood that in
all cases although I have found a semicircular shape to be preferable yet I do not
bind myself to this as I may make the projections of any suitable shape.
Dated this Twenty-second day of June 1898.
T. E. HALFORD,
11, Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in and connected with Earthenware and similar Pipes
and in the Method of Jointing the same.
I, RICHARD AMES, of 116, Loughborough Road, West Bridgford, in the County
of Nottingham, Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of the ends of pipes for drains
sewers and other purposes and to improvements in the method of jointing such
pipes whereby the said pipes may be easily and quickly laid and a broken pipe.
readily removed and replaced.
As is well known drain and sewer pipes at present in use are mainly constructed
of earthenware or stoneware and each pipe is connected to the next and made gas
tight by means of some kind of spigot and socket joint which necessitates the
longitudinal insertion of the spigot of one pipe into the socket of the next.
Pipes so constructed are difficult to joint satisfactorily in deep trenches and in
bad ground and it is also a difficult and expensive matter to take out a pipe from
a sewer already laid and insert a junction when required.
Now according to this invention I dispense with the spigots and sockets
altogether and form the ends of the pipes and joints in the following manner.
At each end of the pipe I form a flange or collar having a transverse face of
sufficient width to form a joint and in each face I form one or more annular grooves
or recesses preferably concentric with the bore of the pipe.
When the faces of two pipes are brought together the said grooves or recesses are
opposite to each other and cement or other suitable jointing material is run into the
said grooves or recesses through one or more orifices formed in the flange or collar
of one or both of the adjacent pipes for that purpose.
To secure each pipe to the next and to ensure a true alignment at the invert of the
joint I form a semicircular projection on the bottom of the flange or collar at one
end of the pipe and in this projection I form a tapering groove preferably concentric
with the bore of the pipe so that when the pipe is laid the edge of the collar or
flange of the next pipe enters the said recess.
The edge of the collar at the other end of the pipe is formed with an inclined
surface to fit the groove in the projection so that when the tapered edge of the
flange or collar of one pipe is pressed into the groove of the next pipe the faces of
..

page_text: the flanges are drawn tightly together and when the jointing material is run into
the grooves in the said faces the joint is gas tight and watertight.
In some cases I may dispense with the annular grooves in the faces of the flanges
or collars and make the joint staunch by means of grease and red lead or other
suitable material smeared on the faces before the pipes are connected together,
the faces may be scored to ensure the adhesion of the jointing material while
laying.
As pipes made of earthenware and stoneware are liable to warp when burnt I
prefer to put an artificial face on the flanges and collars and also on the edges
of the flanges and in the groove in the projection in order to ensure the parts
fitting accurately together.
These faces may be formed of the usual mixture of pitch and other ingredients
or of other suitable material and may be put on with moulds in the usual way.
According to another method of carrying out this invention I form both ends
of the pipes alike but reversed that is to say I form halt of cach collar with a
projection and the other half with a tapered edge to fit the groove in the projection
the next pipe the projection being at the bottom of the collar at
one end of the pipe and at the top of the collar at the other end of
the pipe so that when laid the collars are gripped all round.
on
Or according to a further modification instead of using a semicircular projection
at the top or bottom of the pipe I may use one or more lugs only.
Although I have described the projection as semicircular yet I wish it to be
understood that in all cases although I have found a semicircular shape to be
preferable yet I do not bind myself to this as I may make the projection of any
suitable shape and in order that my said invention may be fully understood I
will proceed to explain the same with reference to the accompanying sheet of
drawings in which:-
Fig.
;
represents side elevation of an earthenware pipe constructed according to
this invention.
Fig. 2, is end view of same.
Fig. 3 is section of two such pipes when jointed.
Fig. 4, shews an alternative form of pipe also constructed according to this
invention.
Fig. 5 is section of same.
Fig. 6 shews a modification of my invention.
The same letters denote the same parts in all the figs.
3.
a is pipe of earthenware stoneware or other similar aterial having a flange
or collar at each end thereof the said flanges being sufficiently wide to ensure a
staunch joint the face of each flange or collar is also furnished with one or more
annular grooves or recesses preferably concentric with the bore of the pipe.
In order that cach pipe may be secured to the next and jointed there to without
the aid of bolts and nuts or dowels and that a true alignment of the invert of
the joint may be maintained I form a semicircular projection d on the bottom of
the flange or collar b at one end of the pipe and in this projection I form a tapering
groove preferably concentric with the bore of the pipe so that when the pipe
The
is laid the edge of the collar or flange of the next pipe enters the said recess.
edge of the flange or collar bat the other end of the pipe is formed with an inclined
surface to fit the inclined surface of the groove in the projection d so that
when the tapered edge of the flange or collar is pressed into the groove of the
next pipe the faces of the flanges are drawn tightly together and the grooves or
recesses e in the faces of the flanges come opposite to each other and cement or other
suitable jointing material ; is run into the said grooves or recesses through one or
more orifices y formed in the flange or collar of one or both of the pipes for that
purpose thus rendering the joint gastight and watertight.
As pipes made of earthenware and stoneware are liable to become warped during
the process of burning I prefer to put artificial faces on the flanges or collars and

page_text: also on the edges of the flanges and in the grooves in the projections in order to
ensure the parts fitting accurately together.
These faces may be formed of the usual mixture of pitch and other ingredients or
of any other suitable material and they may be put on with moulds in the
usual way.
In some cases I may dispense with the annular grooves e in the faces of the flanges
or collars and make the joint staunch by means of grease and red lead or other
suitable material smeared on the said faces before the pipes are connected the faces
being preferably scored to ensure the adhesion of the jointing material thereto
while the pipes are being laid.
According to another method of carrying out my invention as shewn by Figs. 4
and I make both ends of the pipes alike but reversed that is to say I form half
of each collar or flange b with a projection d and the other half with a tapered edge
to fit the groove f in the next pipe the projection d being at the bottom of the
flange or collar bat one end of the pipe and at the top of the said collar at the
other end of the pipe so that when the pipes are laid the flanges or collars are gripped
all round.
Or according to a further modification instead of using the semicircular
projections d I may use one or more lugs d only as shewn by Fig. 6.
Although I have described the projections d as being semicircular which shape is
for many reasons the most preferable yet I do not bind myself to this particular
shape as the projections may be three sides of a hexagon for example.
It will be understood that the projections and lugs are used solely for the
purpose of drawing the faces of the flanges or collars together and to ensure a true
invert and not to enable a joint to be made on the edges of the said flanges or collars
as the joint of my improved pipes is made on the face of the flanges or collars and
not on the edges thereof.
In conclusion I would remark that I am aware that earthenware pipes have been
made with half sockets prior to my invention such pipes being jointed with a
longitudinal joint in the ordinary way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
:-
1. Earthenware and similar pipes having flauges or collars at the ends thereof
and semicircular or other suitably shaped projections at one end or at both ends of
the pipes the said projections having tapering grooves therein adapted to receive the
flanges or collars of the adjacent pipes and so draw the faces of the flanges or collars
together without the aid of bolts screws or dowels.
2. In earthenware and similar pipes the combination of a barrel a flanges or
collars having tapered or inclined surfaces adapted to engage with similar
tapered or inclined surfaces d' formed in projections d at one end or at both ends
of the pipe, recesses and runners g in the faces of the flanges or collars
and a
facing of any suitable composition on the said flanges or collars and in the said
grooves all substantially as hereinbefore specified and for the purpose stated.
8. The modified construction of earthenware and similar pipes as shewn by
Fig. 6 in which the projections d are replaced by two or more lugs.
4. The constructions of earthenware and similar pipes as shewn by the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 99nd of a 1000
T. E. HALFORD, F.S.P.A.,
11, Furnival Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant.