matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS In the ManupacTURE OF TIN, ZINC, and OTHER METALLIC BOXES FOR PRESERVING MEAT, FISH, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER BIMILAR ARTICLES, to be as follows:
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Peter Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1871.
I, ERNEST PETER BERNARD, of No. 225, West 23rd Street, New
York, in the United States of America, now resident at No. 10, Newton
Terrace, Westbourne Grove, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
In the ManupacTURE OF TIN, ZINC, and OTHER METALLIC BOXES FOR PRESERVING
MEAT, FISH, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER BIMILAR ARTICLES, to be as
follows:-
"
My Invention consists in the introduction or application of a metallic
wire placed under the solder, leaving one or both ends exposed on the
outer side of the box or can by this means an easy and immediate
opening of the box or can may be effected by simply pulling in the
exposed end of the wire, which cuts the solder and detaches the lid or
part of lid or any other part of the surface of the box or can, where the
opening is intended to be made from the other part of the can, whether

page_text: the entire part is detached, or whether a part is left to serve as a hinge
for the part detached.
This peculiar method of opening a preserving box or can may also be
accomplished by making an incision in any part of the metallic surface
of the box or can, and into such opening or incision the wire will be t
securely imbedded with the solder, the end or both ends of the wire
being exposed on the outer side of the box or can, so that by pulling
either of the said ends the solder is cut through; the box or can is thus
opened, and the part detached forms a lid to the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PRINTING CALICO, PAPER, YARNS, OR THREADS AND FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Bradshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
June 1871.
I, AARON BRADSHAW, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and Machinery Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PRINTING
CALICO, PAPER, YARNS, OR THREADS AND FABRICS," to be as follows:-
"
This Invention has for its object the facilitating the application under
pressure and the ready removal from contact of the "pattern roller
or "pattern rollers" to and from the "centre bowl" of machines for
printing. This I effect by means of apparatus constructed as follows,
and actuated by pressure of steam, compressed air, or gases :—
The bearings of each pattern roller are held in position by nuts,
through the centre of which the ordinary adjusting screw is passed. On
the outside of the nuts I chase a quick threaded screw; on the outer
end of the nuts I placed a gear wheel actuated by means of a rack formed
on a piston rod, the piston being worked in a cylinder by means of
steam or compressed air. The cylinder or cylinders on being supplied
with steam will impart motion to the piston rods, and in proportion to

page_text: the pressure on the pistons, distance or stroke of rods and racks, diameter
of wheel on nuts, pitch of thread on outside thereof, so will the pressure
on necks of rollers be varied; by change of or reversal of valves the
"nip blocks" are withdrawn, and the pattern roller or rollers is removed
from contact with the centre bowl.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS APPLICABLE TO BOTH LAND AND SUBMARINE WIRES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Ludwig Hollmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th November 1871.
I, HEINRICH LUDWIG HOLLMANN, Telegraphist, of Wardenburg,
Oldenburg, at present residing in London, at 123, Chancery Lane, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS APPLICABLE TO BOTH LAND AND SUBMARINE WIRES,”
to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the employment of a relay which allows
both land and submarine wires to be worked by the same system.
The signal coil is perpendicularly suspended between the poles of a
powerful magnet, and inside the coil is a soft iron core with just
sufficient space around it to admit of the free oscillation of the coil. A
piece of ivory or other suitable substance fixed to the soft iron core
prevents the coil from moving farther forward than is necessary, and to
the coil I connect by a fibre a platina hammer balanced at the shorter

page_text: end so as to keep the longer arm all but in a perpendicular position
when in rest. This platina hammer is connected with one pole of a
local battery, whilst the other pole is in connection with an anvil which
can by means of a screw be moved forward and backward according to
the various strengths of the current from the sending station.
For long wires the anvil may be covered with a suitable material,
such as paper saturated with the usually preferred chemical preparation
to insure a firm contact between hammer and anvil if the strength of a
given current should not suffice to effect one.
A self-acting Morse instrument adapted for double current put in
circuit between hammer and anvil will reproduce the signal given
through the cable, and allow of the current being sent to a more distant
station, where a translation is to be given to another cable station it is
of course required that both Morse instruments shall be adapted for
double current, but where the translation is given over land wires a
single double current instrument at the end of the land wire will suffice.
The advantages of this arrangement are avoiding transmission at the
cable end, and enabling the same system to be worked for both land and
submarine wires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER BOXES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Muir Campbell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st March 1871.
I, WILLIAM 'MUIR CAMPBELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER BOXES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention has for its object the constructing of letter boxes so
that their contents cannot be so easily tampered with as in ordinary
boxes, and comprises appliances of a simple and inexpensive character
and not easily put out of order.
Within a letter box as made with the improvements and a little below
the opening for introducing letters and the like there are fixed two
horizontal wires, slightly further apart than the thickness of the largest
packet that the box is made for. On these wires there are strung a
series of pendent wires or strips of metal or other suitable material
weighted or balanced so that their bottom ends meet. A second pair of
horizontal wires are fixed at a lower level and have similar pendent wires

page_text: or strips upon them, and if desired there may be a third pair of wires
and sets of pendents still lower down. When letters or the like are
introduced they easily separate the pendent wires or strips and fall
through to the bottom of the box, but the said pendent wires or strips
effectually resist any attempt to withdraw letters by means of strings t
or wires.
The arrangement has the additional advantage that the pendent wires
or strips will not allow a lighted match to fall through without at least
extinguishing it.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN BATH AND OTHER DOMESTIC BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Vogan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1871.
I, JAMES VOGAN, of Lewisham, in the County of. Kent, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING EXPLOSIONS IN BATH AND OTHER DOMESTIC BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent explosions in bath and other
domestic boilers when from any cause, such as the freezing of the water
supply pipes, a proper circulation of the water is prevented, and a
dangerous pressure is created in the boiler. It is well known that these
boilers in their normal state can only be subjected to a pressure equal
to the height of the column of water from the supply cistern and there-
fore there is but little risk of explosion, but should the circulation be
stopped by the freezing of water in the supply pipes the pressure caused.
by the heat of the fire may be increased to a very dangerous extent, and
may culminate in an explosion. In order to prevent this I tap a hole
in any convenient part of the boiler, and into this hole I screw a hollow"
plug in which is soldered or otherwise secured a plate of lead, tin, or

page_text: other suitable metal of sufficient strength and tenacity to resist any
normal pressure, but which will yield to any undue pressure, and by
bursting will allow the water to escape from the boiler before an
excessive or explosive pressure can be produced by the heat of the
fire.
It should be understood that in a normal state of things water will
always be in contact with the lead or other soft metal plate and con-
sequently the heat of the fire will not affect it, but should any water
be drawn out of the boiler while the circulation is impeded the rise of
temperature in the boiler may assist in weakening the metal and causing
it to yield and thus prevent an accident.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RESCUING FROM PREMISES ON FIRE PERSONS WHOSE LIVES ARE ENDANGERED THEREBY
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hayman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1871.
I, JAMES HAYMAN, Gentleman, of No. 369, Kennington Road, in
the Parish of Saint Mary, in the Borough of Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RESCUING FROM PREMISES ON FIRE PERSONS WHOSE
LIVES ARE ENDANGERED THEREBY," to be as follows :-
―
The first part consists of a wooden or other vessel shaped like a
trough or long box without a lid; with ends and sides sufficiently high
to prevent persons, when getting in to make their escape, from falling
out; at each end a suitable piece of iron is turned under the bottom,
and running up each side is bent so as to form a point about two feet
above the vessel or box, and having at each point a hole sufficiently,
large to admit a rope.
The second part consists of two strong iron brackets made in such
form as to be easily placed over the window sills or other convenient
place, the back of the bracket, running down inside the room or walls
the other part projecting out about three feet with another part running

page_text: down the outside of the wall or house, and having on the part that
projects a roller.
The third part consists of two or more ropes of any convenient length,
made of wire, hemp, or other suitable material, having at the ends
split eyes with a spring made to press on the inside of the eye, so that 5
when two or more of these ends are pressed together the spring admits
them and then closes, forming one continuous rope.
In using the different parts the brackets are placed in some suitable
position on or near the premises on fire, the ropes are then thrown or
put over the brackets, and the ends being passed thro' the holes in the 1
ironwork at the top of the vessel or box becomes united by means of
the spring already referred to, thus enabling persons to draw the said
vessel up to any part that may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mitchell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1871.
I, JOHN MITCHELL, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an arrangement of mechanism in connection
with the break of a loom to be employed for stopping the loom at a
given position of the "pick."
The improvements may be thus described-Upon one end of the
tappet shaft an adjustable cam or tappet boss is secured, which, when
revolving, acts upon a lever provided with an inclined block, and so
causes with each revolution of the cam or boss the said lever and incline
to rise and fall. The rise of this inclined block takes place at the
instant the shuttle is being received into the shuttle box. Thus when
the weft is broken or spent from the shuttle the ordinary "stop motion"
of the loom drops the break lever as usual, but in order to make the
action of the break block more certain, so as to stop the loom at a given
position of the " pick," the incline surface of the block on the lever

page_text: before mentioned is raised by the cam or projection of the revolving
boss into contact with a stud on the break lever, the action of which
transmits through the break an increase of pressure to the periphery of
the fly wheel, which culminates to a maximum at the instant the shuttle
has completed its race, and so stops the loom, preventing thereby a
renewed or partial action of the motions of the loom, obviating thereby
the cloth being taken up without weft.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF SKIFES OR FRAMES OF PLOUGHS DRIVEN BY ANY POWER ESPECIALLY STEAM POWER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Winder and Thomas
Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th June 1871.
"We, RICHARD WINDER, Engineer, of Farningham, in the County
of Kent, and THOMAS WOOD, Engineer and Machinist, Crocken Hill,
Eynsford, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE IMPROVEMENT OF SKIFES OR FRAMES OF PLOUGHS
DRIVEN BY ANY POWER ESPECIALLY STEAM POWER," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in making the skife or frame in two parts,
called the upper and lower parts, instead of the whole being in one
part as now; and in the several modes of fixing these two parts together
as described more fully hereafter.
We generally make the upper part of the skife or frame fully two-
thirds of the whole and make it either of cast iron, malleable iron, steel,
or other strong and tough metal; the smaller or lower end we treat as
the part more subject to wear, tear, and breakages, so we generally make
it of steel, though where the ground to be ploughed is not very stony
or hard we sometimes make it of cast iron, malleable iron, or other
strong and tough metal.

page_text: Our Invention further consists of the modes of fixing these upper
and lower parts of the skife or frame together and of taking them apart
as one or the other may be worn out or broken. We fix the parts
together in several ways, of which the following are a few:-
:-Sometimes
we make the castings so that the two parts halve together vertically,
horizontally, or diagonally, and when fairly butted up together are
further secured by bolts passing through all and fastened by nuts. In
this case the solidity of the two parts is formed by the strength of the
bolts and the shoulders where the halvings butt up together. The heads
of the bolts are sunk in flush so as to form no impediment, projection,
or obstruction to the proper working of the skife through the land; the
nuts are underneath the mould board and therefore of no hindrance.
To make the two parts more solid and strong we sometimes dovetail
the two parts of the skife together and afterwards when well butted up
we secure them by bolts and nuts as before; sometimes for still greater
firmness and steadiness we likewise dovetail the ends where the two
parts butt up against each other; sometimes we form the junction of
the upper and lower parts of the skife or frame by a mortice and tenon
joint, the tenon sometimes being on the lower piece and sometimes in
the upper piece, the whole being secured when in position by bolts
and nuts as before.
Each of these modes of fastening the two parts of the skife together
we claim as part of our Patent; we also claim the right to use any other
of the ordinary plans now adopted for joining two pieces or parts
of wood or iron together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter James Dickes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th March 1871.
I, WALTER JAMES DICKES, of Farringdon Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Envelope Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES," to be as follows :—
The object of my Invention of improvements in envelopes is to
produce envelopes which cannot be opened without so far destroying
or injuring the flaps that it will be impossible to close them again
without detection. This object is effected by causing the ends of the
flaps to interlock, so that when the envelope is closed neither of the
flaps can be removed without tearing it.
In carrying out my Invention the envelope blanks are cut out by
stamping or in any convenient manner, but in the side flaps, and, if
desired, in the upper flap also, holes are cut to receive a tongue formed
at the point of the lower flap. This tongue is made wider than the
holes in the side flaps and its sides must therefore be doubled over in
order to admit of it being passed through the holes in the side flaps.
When this has been done the folded over sides of the tongue must

page_text: be unfolded, and if desired they may be gummed down on to the side
flaps so that when the upper flap is secured by gumming, sealing,
or otherwise it will be impossible to withdraw either the lower flap
or the side ones. Envelopes so made may therefore be termed double-
locking and will be perfectly safe and secure from being tampered
with. If desired the tongue may also be passed through a hole in
the upper flap and secured by a seal, this will give additional security,
but for all practical purposes it will scarcely be necessary. The hole
through the upper flaps even if not used for the tongue will be found
useful if a seal be used to secure the flap.
IMPROVED HATS OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by August Leneven at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1871:
I, AUGUST LENEVEN, of Hatton Garden, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED HATS OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows, that
is to say:
My Invention has for its object the forming of hats, caps, bonnets, or
other coverings for the head, with the view to render the bodies or
foundations thereof light and durable, and with free ventilation, and
consists in employing for the above purpose wire gauze or similar
metallic fabrics or other like material of required strength and texture,
and causing the same to be blocked or formed into the various shapes
by any of the usual methods, and subsequently covering, lining, and
finishing the same, as in practise may be found necessary.
IMPROVED SELF-ACTING RAILWAY SIGNALLING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Oswald Ronchetti at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th January 1871.
.
I, JOSEPH OSWALD RONCHETTI, of Earlstown, Newton-le-Willows, in
the County of Lancaster, Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED SELF-ACTING RAILWAY SIGNALLING APPARATUS," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the arrangement and construction of
railway signalling apparatus which shall self-actingly indicate to a driver
whenever he is approaching a position of danger, and shall also be
capable of conveying to such driver any other signal that may be
required, the medium of communication being a whistle fixed on his
engine, which is opened and closed by means of an actuating rod,. the
lower extremity of which is provided with a friction wheel, whilst its
upper extremity is jointed by means of a connecting rod to a lever for
working the whistle. The weight of the actuating rod serves to keep
the whistle closed until the friction wheel. upon its lower extremity
comes in contact with one or more projections formed and arranged
outside the railway lines, when such whistle is thereby opened for a

page_text: longer or shorter period, the shape of such projections determining the
nature of the signal to be so conveyed. The projections outside the
railway lines may be permanently fixed in any desired position, or such
projections may assume the form of rails and be capable in cases of
urgency of being laid temporarily in chairs provided for them fixed to
the ordinary sleepers at suitable distances apart along the line. This
signalling apparatus is equally effective in all weathers and at night time
as well as in the daylight, and may be used as a substitute for the ordinary
detonating fog signals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Nussey, Altham Pilling,
and Cyrias Henry Hall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd July 1871.
We, ARTHUR NUSSEY, ALTHAM PILLING, and CYRIAS HENRY HALL,
all of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements have reference to those sewing machines known
as the "Wheeler and Wilson" machines, and are as follows:-
First. Instead of the needle hole or slot in the cloth plate being
straight as hitherto, and with its sides parallel, we employ either a curved
slot or one tapered in its length, that is to say, wider at one end than
the other. When constructed of a curved form that curve must be of
a similar form to the curve of the relief on the rotating hook used in
these machines. If the slot is constructed of a taper form it must be of
such dimensions as to allow the thread to pass freely round the rotating
hook. By these arrangements of slots or needle holes the thread is
enabled to pass more freely round the rotating hook, whereby material

page_text: of variable thicknesses may be sewn without varying the tension, at the
same time the frequent breaking of the thread is prevented, hitherto
attending the working of these machines. The operator may also turn
the material in any required direction without either breaking the thread
or leaving a loop or imperfect stitch.
In order to facilitate the working of these machines and better adapt
them to the various sizes of thread we fit a plate in the cloth plate which
is made reversible, the sides of it being made to form a portion of the
needle slot. By reversing this plate the slot may be made larger or
smaller to suit the various sizes of thread.
Secondly. Our improvements apply to the slide ring. In order that
the needle thread may more easily pass over the spool containing the
second or locking thread (after the needle thread has passed the loop
check) that portion of the slide ring known as the "relief" is cut away
considerably more at the top than at the bottom, so as to allow the loop
to pass from the loop check without friction. By this arrangement all
the various sizes of thread may be used without altering the slide ring or
loop check.
ImprovEMENTS IN LOOMB
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Bradford, in the
County of York, Manufacturer, for the Invention of “ ImprovEMENTS
IN LOOMB."
Sealed the 25th April 1871, and dated the 22nd February 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd February 1871.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms.
As looms are now made the spindle upon which the picker works has
to be lubricated with oil, and the oil from the spindle is constantly
carried into the cloth and often causes serious damage.

page_text: My improvement consists in placing within the picker a metal tube or
bush, and this tube or bush I form of an antifriction metal which requires
no lubrication with oil or other lubricating fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EMERY CLOTH AND GLASS PAPER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Dejey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1871.
I, JEAN DEJEY, of 63, Rue des Vinaigriers, Paris, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF EMERY CLOTH AND GLASS PAPER," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the employment of a fatty mordant for
fixing polishing powders on cloth or paper, by which the required
suppleness is given to the article produced. This mordant is composed of
about two pounds of thick oil, one pound of essence of turpentine, half
a pound of a siccative known by the name of zumatic. These substances
are heated in a sand bath. I lay this composition on the cloth extended
on a frame, and spread over it emery, glass, gritstone, silex, orthoclase,
or other hard powders. I place above this a sheet of paper and compress
the whole between two rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pollock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1871.
I, JOHN POLLOCK, of Linsey Street, Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist, firstly, in an endless web or belt crossed
by bars, rods, or stop or guide pieces for parting the surface into a series
of divisions for the papers, cards, or articles (to be printed) to be fed or
"laid" by hand thereon in succession one or more at a time in cach
division, and serving as a guide for properly feeding or "laying" them
to receive the impression, the said web revolving on rollers, but stopping
at intervals to allow cach paper, etc., to be printed in succession from a
platten" or flat surface of type pressed upon it from above. And
secondly, in what I term a "platten cylinder" being a cylinder not
strictly but with a portion of its surface formed as a "platten” or flat
surface for holding the type or block or device for printing, the cylinder
portion being for receiving ink from supply inking rollers. The said

page_text: "
'platten cylinder" having an alternate lifting and depressing motion
and a reciprocating revolving or turning motion on its axis, and pre-
senting the type, &c., to each article to be printed as by the stopping of
the endless web each is successively offered to receive the impression.
The Invention is to be performed thus:-The web or belt to be of
calico, cloth, or parchment; the cross bars, rods, stops, or guides to be
of metal or wood, fastened to same permanently or in a removeable
manner, and to extend beyond the width of the web. The web to be
driven by one of the pair of rollers on which it runs. The driving roller
to run continuously, but the stopping of the web at and during the
required intervals to be effected by catches presented at the proper
times against the projecting ends of the cross bars. A firm bed or
surface to be provided beneath the web, immediately where the "platten
cylinder" descends. The "platten cylinder" lifting and depressing
motion to be effected by a pair of cranks, one at each extremity of the
axis, and its turning motion by a pinion fixed on axis, the pinion running
against a fixed rack. The axis to run in guides in the framing. One or
more inking rollers also to be so guided as to rest upon and rise and fall
with the "platten cylinder" and to receive ink from the cylinder
portion thereof, and to ink the type or device on the platten or flat
portion thereof. The cylinder portion to be strictly cylindrical, or to be
otherwise curved if preferred.
IMPROVED FREEZING AND COOLING APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING EDIBLES And Beverages, and FREEZING LIQUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Coles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1871.
I, FREDERICK COLES, of Tower Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED FREEZING
AND COOLING APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING EDIBLES And Beverages, and FREEZING
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in constructing improved apparatus for
preserving, cooling, and freezing in the following manner :-
Within a rectangular or other shaped wooden box or vessel a smaller
box or vessel (by preference of zinc or other metal) is fixed so as to leave
space of about one inch more or less between the two boxes or vessels,
according to the size of the apparatus. In the aforesaid space a cooling
or freezing mixture composed of rough ice and a solution of salt or brine
is placed. A skeleton lid or cover may be placed at the upper part of
the space surrounding the inner box or vessel in which the articles to be
preserved or cooled are to be placed. A lid or cover is fitted to the

page_text: inner box and to the outer box in the usual manner. Instead of having
the inner placed within the outer box so as to leave a space on all four
sides between the outer and inner boxes or vessels, the inner or metal
box or vessel is so arranged and fixed in the outer or wooden box or
vessel as to leave space between the back and ends of the two boxes or
vessels. The front of the aforesaid metal box or vessel being left open,
and the inside of the said box or vessel is fitted with perforated shelves
on which to place the articles intended to be preserved or cooled. Doors
may be formed at the front of the outer box for access to the interior of
the apparatus, and there may be a slide at the top of the box for
charging the space between the two boxes or vessels with ice and brine
as before stated.
By thus constructing apparatus suitable for preserving, cooling, and
freezing as above stated, I am enabled to keep the cooling or freezing
mixture separate from the articles that are to be cooled; and at the same:
time obtain a considerably lower temperature than is now obtained by
preserving, cooling, or freezing apparatus as heretofore constructed.
The freezing or cooling mixture will require renewing from time to
time; but for the space of 16 hours I have been able to maintain a
temperature below freezing point; and can thus if desired make ice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Pidgeon and William
Manwaring at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th May 1871.
We, DANIEL PIDGEON and WILLIAM MANWARING, Engineers, of
the Britannia Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING
AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
-
Our Invention relates to self-acting harvesting machines in which
the cut grain is laid to one side of the machine in sheaves by means of
rakes rotating around an upright or nearly upright shaft or axis.
We construct these machines with a cast-iron frame, which carrics
the gearing for driving the knife and the rotating rakes; this frame is
furnished with an axle having a quadrant-shaped extension, and upon
this axle is hung the driving wheel; the cut is raised and lowered by
means of an endless worm operating upon the said quadrant-shaped
extension of the axle. The whole of this framework is placed between
the driving wheel and the cutting apparatus. Motion is given from
the driving wheel to a first motion shaft, the bearing of which shaft

page_text: is cast in a separate piece from the frame, and is fitted and bolted
thereto in such a manner as greatly to facilitate the placing of the
wheel gearing which drives the knife and rotating rakes properly and
truly in position more readily and better than can be done when this
bearing forms a part of the cast frame.
Motion is communicated from the first motion shaft to the knife and
to the rotating rakes. The knife is driven from the said shaft by a
bevil wheel and pinion, the revolutions of the crank shaft are about
fourteen to one of the driving wheel, and the crank has a throw
which is in excess of the pitch of the fingers, giving the knife a recipro-
cating motion greater than and preferably twice as great as the pitch
of the fingers.
The rotating rakes are driven from the first motion shaft by means
of an intermediate shaft and two pairs of bevil wheels.
The bearings for all the shafts, excepting the first motion shaft, are
bushed with brasses which are turned taper externally; the frame is
cored out with taper holes to receive these brasses, and the fitting in of
the bushes is thus greatly-simplified, as the taper of the brass ensures its
filling the hole. when driven home independently of slight irregularities-
in the diameters of both bushes and holes. The first motion shaft is
preferably bored out, but can be similarly fitted with taper brasses if
desired.
NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF SPONGE AND CLIPPINGS OF SPONGES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF VARIOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge: at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1871.-A communication from abroad by William
Pavel, of No. 64, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand;
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF SPONGE AND CLIPPINGS OF
SPONGES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF VARIOUS ARTICLES," a communication to
me from abroad by William Pavel, of No. 64, Faubourg Saint Martin,
Paris, France, to be as follows:-
Sponge has from time immemorial been employed as an article of 'the
toilet, and its qualities of porousness have been utilized in certain
manufactures, but this has been the limit of its useful and hygienic
employment. There are nevertheless numerous articles of daily use for
which its property of filling itself with the liquids into which it is
plunged or with which it is simply besprinkled might be usefully
emploved

page_text: operation undergone. It has been proposed to remedy this by the use of
india-rubber, but the effect has been to place the patient under still
more unhealthy conditions. On the battle field the weight of ordinary
articles of bedding is (as regards transport) a further addition to their
other defects obvious to every observer, and suggesting the use of a
substance more suitable for such purpose.
This Invention is an endeavour to solve this problem by the use of a
spongy material as a substitute for wool or cotton, and sponge or
the clippings or parings of sponges have furnished the means. The
advantage of its use as hygiene combined with that of forming a
soft and elastic bed will be at once apparent. The whole of the
bedding, mattress, pillows, bolster, et cetera, will be constructed upon this
system.
.
The use of sponge is further generalized by employing it in the making
of compresses, which being soaked with the prescribed liquids are then
applied upon the part affected, which is thus constantly under the action
of the requisite treatment.
It is also proposed to use sponge for menstruation belts for females,
and in short wherever sponge may hygienically replace the material
hitherto used.
This Invention also comprises the use of sponge and its clippings or
parings as a stuffing for furniture in lieu of horsehair, wool, seaweed,.
cotton, et cetera.
The various articles will be made of any shape and size according to
the purposes for which they may be intended.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN GIGS AND OTHER WHEEL CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Harris Sanders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1871.
I, JAMES HARRIS SANDERS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN GIGS AND OTHER WHEEL CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :—
My Invention is more particularly adapted to the description of wheel
carriages or vehicles commonly known as gigs, and the improvements
therein consist in the construction and arrangement of such vehicles to
run upon one wheel only instead of a pair of wheels as ordinarily
employed.
By preference the wheel is secured in the centre of the axle, the wheel
and axle revolving together, and the ends of the axle being received into
axle boxes upon each side of the vehicle. Upon these boxes are mounted

page_text: the springs, body, and seat of the gig, the seat being immediately over
the wheel, so as to properly balance the parts. The shafts are attached
as usual to the framework of the body, and are also securly fastened to
the saddle of the horse when in use, to prevent the upsetting or turning.
over of the gig.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nuttall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
January 1871.
I, JOHN NUTTALL, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
These improvements apply to what are known as "fancy looms," and
consist of a certain novel and peculiar arrangement of mechanism for
effecting the shedding of the warps, which mechanism is intended to be
used in place of the ordinary "dobby or "index machine," or instead
of what are known as the "Woodcroft tappets."
"
-
The improvements consist principally of the following arrangement :—
Instead of mounting the " top jacks" all on one spindle or shaft as
heretofore, so that they can merely vibrate always upon the same centre,
I mount each one separately, and in such a manner that it can not only
vibrate on its centre but can also be moved bodily either forwards or
"riser or 'faller "
backwards, and each "jack" becomes a
according
to the direction in which it is moved. Each top jack is attached by a
"
"

page_text: .
kind of knuckle joint at about its centre to the upper end of an oscil-
lating lever whose fulcrum is at its lower end. These levers are provided
with projections which are acted upon by movable pins, bowls, or other
projections on a cylinder or chain, so as to force the levers and jacks
in one direction, and the said levers and jacks are brought back by
means of springs. A double vibrating frame which rises and falls with
each revolution of the crank shaft of the loom acts upon these top jacks
that are thus divided, depressing the front ends of those that are thrown
forwards and the back ends of those that are thrown backwards, and
thus the healds which are attached to the jacks in the usual manner are
caused to effect the requisite opening or shedding of the warps for the
shuttle with the weft thread to pass through. The order or sequence
of the pattern will of course depend upon the relative positions of the
pegs, bowls, or projections on the cylinder or endless chain which may
be varied to any desired extent, or the same effect might be produced by
cards perforated to the required pattern as is well understood by weavers.
The cylinder is turned a portion of a revolution at each stroke of the
loom by means of a ratchet attached to the vibrating frame acting
upon a ratchet wheel on the end of the cylinder, and the same frame
carries a bar which after each shed brings all the jacks into a level
position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hinchliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1871.
I, JOHN HINCHLIFFE, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows :—
This Invention is designed to effect the combustion of smoke in
furnaces and at the same time to dispense with the use of the brick-
work which is now required for building the bridge wall or midfeather
in the flue, and consists principally of a hollow cast-iron chamber
forming a bridge across the flue; this hollow bridge is open to the ash-
pit beneath, and perforated with a number of holes or slots for the
purpose of admitting a divided current of air to pass through so as to
prevent the great heat of the flames and gases at this point from
destroying the metal. The divided current of air admitted at this point
also has the effect of greatly improving the combustion of fuel, thereby
causing a considerable economy in the amount of fuel required and

page_text: prevents the formation of smoke. The air is admitted into this hollow
cast-iron bridge from the ash-pit through a cavity behind the fire-bars,
and its admission may be regulated to the required extent by means of
a damper placed therein.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Laurence Hill, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS."
Sealed the 23rd January 1872, and dated the 27th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Laurence Hill at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1871.
I, LAURENCE HILL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
5 Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAYS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to tramways for carriages or wagons with
flanged wheels, and consists in combining a flat surfaced tram for one
side with a grooved tram for the other side, the groove being narrow

page_text: and shallow, and designed for the flanges of the wheels to run and bear
on the bottom of it. Trams with grooves of the kind referred to are
considered to present the least interference with ordinary street traffic,
but with a pair of such grooves as hitherto proposed difficulties and
inconvenience would be experienced from friction, particularly on
curves, and from want of precision in the gauges of the wheels of the
variety of carriages and wagons likely to be used. With the proposed
grooved tram and flat tram however the construction of the tramway
will be simplified, and the difficulties and inconveniences experienced
both by ordinary street carriages and by those using the trams will be
reduced to a minimum, whilst the single groove will have a quite
sufficient guiding action.
AN IMPROVED BAROMETER OR HYGROMETER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Bentley Woodbury at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th April 1871.-A communication from abroad by George
Smith, of Asnières, Paris, France.
I, WALTER BENTLEY WOODBURY, of Penge, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED BAROMETER OR HYGROMETER,” (a communication to me from abroad
by George Smith, of Asnières, Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in the application of the chemical
properties of the salts of cobalt to show the hygrometric state of the
atmosphere, either as a barometer or a hygrometer.
This I propose to effect as follows:-I prepare pieces of sized paper
with a strong solution of a salt of cobalt, (I prefer the chloride, but do
not restrict myself to the use of any particular salt,) to which is added
a small quantity of chloride of sodium and gum arabic. This paper
when thus prepared will in a very dry atmosphere be of a bright blue
color, but on the approach of more or less moisture in the air will
indicate the same by all the changes and gradations in color between

page_text: blue and pink, which latter color is attained when the atmosphere is in
a very damp state. To facilitate the reading of the different effects pro-
duced I place in juxtaposition a disc or strip of paper correspondingly
colored in sections, and marked with the different words or signs to show
the various changes between a very dry and a very moist atmosphere.
It will be evident that as the hygrometric condition of the atmosphere
varies the color of the chemically prepared paper changes in a corrc-
sponding degree, and by comparing the shade of color which it assumes
with the different sections of the colored paper the hygrometric condition
(and hence the probable weather) will be clearly indicated.
A convenient form in which to apply this Invention is to divide an
annular disc or flat ring of paper into a certain number of radial portions
or sections, and to color these in gradations from blue to pink, marking
them respectively with the usual indications, the blue section having the
words "very dry" marked thereon, and so on to the pink, which latter
is marked "much rain," the central portion of the disc being filled in
with the chemically prepared paper; but it will be evident that the
arrangement of the colored and chemically prepared papers in juxta-
position (which forms the principal feature of novelty in this Invention)
may be effected in an almost infinite variety of ways.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-SHOES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Greaves, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Blacksmith, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-SHOES.'
"
Sealed the 10th May 1872, and dated the 14th November 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Greaves at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1871.
I, JOHN GREAVES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Blacksmith,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-SHOES," to be as follows:-

page_text: removal of the shoes, thereby ensuring a great saving in time and
labour, also the wear of the horse's feet by constant nailing.
The Invention is described in the following, reference being made to
the accompanying Drawings.
The horse-shoe is made of malleable or other iron, having grooves C, C,
formed in the toe d, d, in the heel portion.
Into these grooves,
when roughing is required, are driven sharpeners made of steel, as
shewn at a and b, b; a being driven tightly into grooves c, and 6 into
grooves d.
When not required for nouching these moveable sharpeners are readi„ ·
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Greaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th May 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GREAVES, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Blacksmith, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in
the thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Greaves, Her special
licence that I, the said John Greaves, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Greaves, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN

page_text: herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the improvements in the
construction of horse-shoes, substantially as herein-before described and
shewn on Drawings, or any mere modification or imitation thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Greaves, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of 5
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.