IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER COOKING STOVES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick James Baynes, of Holloway Terrace,
Holloway Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND PARTS CONNECTED
THEREWITH, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER COOKING
STOVES."
Sealed the 5th September 1868, and dated the 7th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick James
Baynes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th March 1868.
I, FREDERICK JAMES BAYNES, of Holloway Terrace, Holloway Road,
Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND PARTS
CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
COOKING STOVES," to be as follows:-
In the use of kitchen ranges a considerable difference exists in the
quantity of fuel being consumed at different times, but as kitchen
ranges are at present arranged with the flue passages to heat the ovens

page_text: and boilers at the upper portion thereof, they are comparatively useless
for heating such ovens and boilers except when the fire place or box
is charged well up to such flue passages, or when considerably more
fuel is being consumed than is due to the heating of such ovens and
boilers.
This frame
The object of one part of my Invention is to render the use of a
comparatively small quantity of fuel effectual for the heating of the
oven and boiler. In order to this, whilst the upper front bar or bars
may be arranged as heretofore to "fall down" and may be enclosed
by a door, the lower front bars or a portion of them are connected
together into a frame, which is capable of turning on centres or pivots
at the upper end of it, so that these lower bars may be turned inwards
to or about at a horizontal line, and in that position form a bottom to
support a small quantity of fuel near the upper part of the range,
and just below the flue passages to the boiler and oven, and so as to
admit of the heat from such fuel passing freely and effectively under
the top plate" to the boiler or boilers on one side, and to the oven
or ovens on the other side; and then when it may be desired to have
a larger fire for roasting or otherwise, the frame with its bars may be
turned down so that the frame of such bars may then hang in a vertical
position to form the front of the fire, with the fuel resting on the
ordinary bottom bars as in other ranges, or vice versa.
with its bars may be moved by a shifting lever handle passed into a
socket or otherwise, and be held in either position by a drop-catch
or other suitable stop, and the action of the lever or other moving
instrument may release the catch. I also form such ranges to use only
a thin layer of fuel by applying the bottom bars at a position at or
near the line of the flue passages to the oven and boiler. By these
means great economy of fuel may be effected. A top plate may in
either case be applied over the fuel or fire box, and when this plate
is removed the smoke may pass into a flue at the back as heretofore,
and this flue may be closed when not in use by a pair of doors as
heretofore; or I apply a sliding door or cover to slide over the opening
to such flue. I also apply two boilers at the side of the fire-place, one
of them being very shallow, the top of which may form the top plate
at that side of the range. This boiler is supplied by a side cistern and
is intended for steaming purposes by a pipe from it with tap and safety
valve, the other boiler is at a short distance below. It is supplied by

page_text: a tank at a suitable height above, and is intended for hot-water bath
and other hot water purposes. The heat passes on this side of the range
from under the top plate between the two boilers, thence down at the
side of the lower boiler, and under it to a flue behind.
I also form the ash-pan with a screen or cinder sifter. This screen
or sifter is supported at a distance from the bottom of the pan with
the handle projecting through an opening in the front of the pan, so
that the cinders may rest on it and may readily be applied afresh to
the fire, whilst mere dirt or dust passes through to the pan.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick James Baynes in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
JAMES BAYNES, of Holloway Terrace, Holloway Road, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-first
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Frederick James Baynes, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick James Baynes, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick James Baynes,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER COOKING STOVES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick James Baynes,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick James Baynes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
In the use of kitchen ranges a considerable difference exists in the
quantity of fuel being consumed at different times, but as kitchen ranges
are at present arranged with the flue passages to heat the ovens and
boilers at the upper portion thereof, they are comparatively useless for
heating such ovens and boilers except when the fire place or box
is charged well up to such flue passages, or when considerably more
fuel is being consumed than is due to the heating of such ovens and
boilers.
The object of one part of my Invention is to render the use of a
comparatively small quantity of fuel effectual for the heating of the
oven and boiler. In order to this, whilst the upper front bar or bars
may be arranged as heretofore to "fall down" and may be enclosed
by a door, the lower front bars or a portion of them are connected
together into a frame, which is capable of turning on centres or pivots
at the upper end of it, so that this frame of lower bars may be turned
inwards to or about at a horizontal line, and in that position form a
bottom to support a small quantity of fuel near the upper part of the
range just below the flue passages to the boiler and oven, and so as to
admit of the heat from such fuel passing freely and effectively under
the "top plate" to the boiler or boilers on one side, and to the oven
or ovens on the other side; and then when it may be desired to have
a larger fire for roasting or otherwise, the frame with its bars be
turned down so that the frame of such bars may then hang in a
vertical position to form the front of the lower part of the fire, with
the fuel resting on the ordinary bottom bars as in other ranges, or
vice versa. This frame with its bars may be moved by a shifting
lever handle passed into a socket or otherwise and be held in either
position by a drop-catch or other suitable stop, and the action of the
lever or other moving instrument may release the catch. A top plate
may in either case be applied over the fuel or fire box, and when
this plate is removed the smoke may pass into a flue at the back as
may

page_text: by the sectional view, Figure 3, and thereby reduce the extent of
fire space for the time in use. A front view of one of such ranges
"set" and with the frame of bars c turned up is shown at Figure 4.
When so turned up the frame of bars c act as the bottom bars of the
fire-place. d are the ordinary bottom bars to support the fuel when the
bars c are down in a line with the face of the range. The turning of
the frame c¹ on its centre c² is readily effected by means of a lever
handle e, such as shown by Figure 5, applied with its end e¹ in the
socket of the frame c¹ or otherwise. g is a drop-catch which is
capable of turning on the pin g', and by its end g³ either resting upon
or against the tail piece c³ of the frame c¹ of holding that frame of bars c
in the horizontal or vertical position as desired; g' is a knob or
projection to the catch g by which it may be released from the tail c
when required, or this releasing of the catch may be effected by the
lever handle e or otherwise. A top plate may be applied, as indicated
by the dotted lines h, when the passage i to the flue j will be closed by
doors or other suitable cover. When the top plate is removed the
passage i will be left open, and then I sometimes assist the draft by the
use of the blower 1, which consists of two side plates and a top plate
and which is capable of turning on its lower edge so as to project
forward to assist the draft of the open fire, or be turned back out of the
way when not so in use, as indicated by the full and dotted lines in the
Figures of the Drawing. I also form such ranges to use only a thin
layer of fuel by applying the bottom bars at a position at or near
the line of the flue passages to the oven and boiler. By these means
great economy of fuel may be effected. m is the upper boiler at one
side of the range, and n2 is another boiler. The heated products
from the fire a pass sideways by the passage o between these two
boilers, then down under the boiler n, and up by the passage o¹ to
a flue behind; p is an oven on the opposite side of the range, and in
some cases I apply an oven in the place of the boiler n, when I allow
the heat to circulate around the oven so placed as round that boiler.
Dampers are applied to regulate the drafts in the different ways, as is
well understood. To facilitate the cleansing of the flue passages o the
front plate q is moveable. In some cases I apply a boiler r at the
back of the fire-place, as shown by Figure 6, and separately by Figures 7
and 8, so that the heated products from the fire may pass over it to the
flue behind when the range is used as an open fire range, or be conducted
in the channel formed on the under side thereof, when a top plate is

page_text: applied and the range is being used as a close fire range. The respective
boilers will be provided with the usual supply circulation or steam
pipes and safety valves as desired and as is well understood. 8 is the
ash-pan, which is shown separately by Figures 9 and 10%; and t is the
screen or cinder sifter, the handle t of which rests in a recess formed
for it in the front of the pan 8, whilst the inner part of it is supported
on a projection &¹ provided for it. Ashes and dirt falling from the fire
on this sifter become separated, the ashes being retained whilst the
dirt or small particles fall through to the lower part of the pan.
Having thus described my improvements, and means which I adopt
in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details as shown and described, as the
same may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of
my Invention; but what I claim is,―
First. The mode of arranging bars of kitchen ranges or other cooking
stoves to be actuated so that they may be capable of being turned at
one time into a position to form part of the front of the fire-place,
and at another time of being turned up to reduce the size of the fire
as well as aid in supporting it, substantially as described.
Also I claim the application of supporting or bottom bars to kitchen
ranges in position at or near the line of the flue passages under the top
plate to the oven and boiler, as stated.
Secondly. I claim the arranging kitchen ranges with boilers m and n
to be heated, in manner substantially as described.
Thirdly. I claim the arranging ash-pans with screens or cinder sifters,
substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick James Baynes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-