Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 18th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 22nd June, 1888
I, ROBERT ELLIS GREEN, of number 41 Sandringham Road, Hackney in the
County of Middlesex, gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
The construction of pencils intended to replace those hitherto made by glueing two
pieces of wood together enclosing black lead or other coloring material. I am aware
that pencils have already been made by folding paper round pieces of the marking
material, but there are various objections to the system as hitherto practised, a chief
one being that gummed and pressed or solid paper is most difficult to cut when
sharpening the pencil without thereby breaking the coloring material, it also blunts
the knife very quickly, by my invention I remedy this defect: I do this by saturating
the paper tubes with parafin, or other wax or substances of the nature of wax.
paper tubes then become of such a nature as to be capable of being cut as easily as
The
the finest cedar wood, either with an ordinary knife or a pencil sharpener."
"
I also place these paper tubes in frames in such a manner as to enable me, at one
operation, to force into a large number of them, a moist or plastic mixture of the
material or materials ordinarily used for forming the marking part of pencils, in place
of the dried forms of such materials which by the old system were placed between the
two pieces of wood. My pencils are afterwards placed in a drying chamber and when
sufficiently dried are ready for use, or for any fancy finish that may be considered
desirable.
I prefer to force the marking material into the tubes before they may have been
saturated with the parafin or wax-like material, as I find that the drying of the cores
so formed then takes place more quickly & regularly.
Dani1: 04
.

page_text: I, ROBERT ELLIS GREEN of No. 41 Sandringham Road, Hackney, in the county
of Middlesex, gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
I form tubes of paper of the size which it is intended to make the pencils by folding
paper round a wire or small mandril, the said mandril being about an inch longer
than the paper tube and of the thickness which it is ultimately intended that the
marking part of the pencil shall be, the last fold of the paper being gummed to retain
it in its position. I withdraw the wire or mandril & into the tubular cavity left
thereby I force any ordinary material generally used for the marking part of pencils.
But whereas in making cedar & other wood pencils this marking part, or material is
made into hard pieces before being put between the two pieces of wood I use it in a
plastic condition; that is, the condition it is in before being hardened, & in that state
I force it into the centres of the paper tubes.
In order to fill the paper tubes with the marking material I insert the end of each
one, with its mandril still in its centre, into a perforation of its own size made in one
of the ends of a cylinder and which end can be removed from the cylinder. I place
the paper tubes in these holes so as that they project about a sixteenth of an inchi
through the holes, the mandril projecting about half an inch further. I then fix these
paper tubes in that position by running melted Parafine wax, or Bees wax, or Resin,
or Plaster-of-Paris, or any substance that will quickly set & become hard, and of such
material 1 cause to run a sufficient quantity to form a uniform thickness of about a
quarter of an inch on and around the end of each paper tube, the mandril still projecting
through. When this wax or other binding substance is quite set and firm I loosen
the mandril by giving it a turn round with the thumb & finger. I now replace this
end of the cylinder by screwing it to its place, the cylinder itself having been previously
filled with any desired mixture of marking material. I next withdraw each mandril
from its paper tube, and pressure is then exerted upon the marking material from the
other end of the cylinder either by the pressing of a piston, or by compressed air, or
by the expansion of steam, and the marking material is thereby forced into the hollows
or cores of the paper tubes left by the withdrawal of the mandrils. When I perceive
that the tubes are filled with the marking material by its dropping from the outer ends
I stop the pressure and remove the end of the cylinder in which the paper tubes are
embedded, I remove the layer of wax or other material which was used to retain the
paper tubes in their positions with a knife or a pointer, which then allows the nov
1 then take these pencils int
formed pencils to be taken out of the holes with ease.
a drying chamber where I keep them during six days, the first day at a temperatur
of from 60 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit, the second day at from 80 to 90 degrees, an
the third, fourth, fifth and sixth days at about 220 to 230 degrees. I then place thes
pencils in a wire tray and immerse them in melted Parafine wax, or Stearic acid, o

page_text: Bees wax, or mixtures of these substances in any proportion, but I prefer to use only
Parafine wax with a melting temperature of not less than 130 degrees Fahrenheit.
After the pencils have remained an hour in this melted wax I take them out and wipe
off the surplus wax, and when cool they are ready for use.
Having now particularly described the nature of my said invention and in what
manner the same to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1st the use of Parafine wax, Stearic acid, Bees wax, or mixtures of any or all of
these substances for the purpose of tempering the paper tubes used for pencils.
2nd the filling of paper tubes with marking material in the manner above
described.
3rd the making of paper pencils in the manner described above