CERTAIN. MACHINERY FOR CASTING TYPES
Year: 1823

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN-
IIENFREY, of Little Henry Street, Waterloo Road, in the County of Surry,
Engineer, and AUGUSTUS APPLEGATH, of Duke St., Stamford Street, Black-
friars, in the County of Surry, Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date.
at Westminster, the Ninth day of October, in the fourth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said.
John Henfrey and Augustus Applegath, His especial licence that we, the said,
John Henfrey and Augustus Applegath, our exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said John Henfrey and Augustus Applegath, our exors,
admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England.
and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN.
MACHINERY FOR CASTING TYPES ;" and in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso obliging us, the said John Henfrey and Augustus Applegath,.
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, particularly to describe.
and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's

page_text: Iligh Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereto had, will more fully and at length appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Henfrey and Augustus Applegath, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and
the following description thereof (that is to say):
==
Figure 1 is a side view of the machinery or machine for casting type.
Figure 2 is a plan of the same.
References to Figures 1 and 2.-The same letters and figures apply to
each. A, a cast-iron carriage. B, a spindle which revolves in the bearings (1).
C, a flange fixed upon the spindle B by means of the fixed boss (2). D, a
flange moveable upon the spindle B, and connected with the moveable boss
(3). E, a forked connecting piece or link attached to the moveable boss (3)
by screws (4), and which fits into a mortice (5) in the pin F. F, a cylin-
drical steel pin fitting into a hole bored in the end of the spindle B. The
pin F is furnished with a collar (6), against which the spiral spring (7)
acts by pressing against the inside of the brass cap (8) which is screwed on
to the end of the spindle B. The pressure of the spiral spring (7) keeps
the moveable flange D in contact with the fixed flange C, except when it
requires to be separated therefrom for the purpose of disengaging the type
or letter cast between the said flanges. The pressure of the spiral spring
(7) may be regulated by means of the brass cap (8). The pin F has a
small projecting arm (9) which passes through a morticed hole in the end
of the spindle B. The arm (9) is furnished with a conical friction roller (10)
which acts against a steel cam (11) on the ring fixed to the cast-iron
carriage A. The use of this arm and friction roller is to open or separate.
the flange D from the flange C, and this action is produced thus:-When
the spindle B is made to revolve it carries the pin F and the arm (9) with
it, whereby the conical friction roller (10) is occasionally brought into contact
with the projecting or full part of the steel cam (11) which causes the
pin F to move endways, drawing with it the forked connecting piece E,
the moveable boss (3), and the moveable flange D. While the moveable
flange D is thus made to recede from the fixed flange C, it is forced or
guided in a diagonal direction by means of the inclined planes (12), (13),
which are better shown in the auxiliary Figures marked 3 and 3*.
The auxiliary Figure 3.-C is the end of the fixed flange already described.
This flange has screwed upon it the inclined plane (12), and also a spring

page_text: having a small friction roller (14) shewn in 3*, which is a side view of part
of the fixed flange C. D is the end of the moveable flange before described,
which has fixed upon it the inclined plane (13), which is made adjustable
by means of the set screw (15). The friction roller (14) acts by means of
its spring against the back of the inclined plane (13), and keeps the
inclined planes in contact with each other. It should be observed, that in
order to allow the flange D (see Figures 1 and 2) to move in the diagonal
direction, the mortice (5) in the spindle B, which receives the end of the
forked connecting piece E, should be made rather larger sideways than the
end of E. The flanges C and D are furnished with jaws and pieces of metal
termed bodies, which are better explained in the auxiliary Figures 4, 5,
and 6.
The auxiliary Figure 4 is a view of the inner side of the moveable
flange D. (16) is a piece of steel called the body, which is made the exact
thickness of the body of the type or letter intended to be cast. The body is
fixed to the flange D by means of the screws (17) which pass through holes
chased in the said flange. The body (16) is adjusted to the various thick-
nesses of the letter or type by means of the screws (s) or any other convenient
method. (18) is a piece of metal screwed to the flange between which
and the projecting edge of the jaw (19) the body is guided when it is to
be adjusted. (19) is the jaw or piece of steel forming half of the hopper-
shaped opening which receives the type metal. (20) A square hole in the
flange to admit the matrix frame (which will be hereafter described). (21) is
the end of a hardened steel screw which serves to steady the flanges when
brought into contact.
The auxiliary Figure 5 is a view of the inner side of the fixed flange C.
It has a body and jaw fixed to it by means of screws and a piece of metal
to steady the body; also a square hole to admit the matrix. (22) is a piece
of hardened steel against which the screw (21) described in Fig. 4 acts.
The auxiliary Figure 6 represents the flanges when in contact, and also
shews a contrivance for disengaging the type or letter and its git, or, as it
is technically called, the break, from the jaws and bodies when it is cast.
This is effected by two small pins (23) in each jaw, which are even with
the surface of the jaws while the type is being cast, but which protrude from
the jaws as soon as they are opened. (23) represents the pin which pushes
the break of the type from the jaw. This pin is fixed by the cross head to
the stud (24); the stud is furnished with a small spiral spring. A set of
these parts is shewn detached at 6*. There are holes in the jaw to receive
the pin and the stud. The hole through which the stud passes is made

page_text: with a shoulder (as shewn in the section of the jaw at Fig. 7), against
which shoulder the small spiral spring acts. The other end of the said spring
acts against the head (25) of the stud, so that when the flanges and jaws
are separated the pin and the stud are protruded beyond the jaws by the
action of the spiral spring with sufficient force to push away the break and
the letter, but when the flanges and jaws are closed, the jaws press against
the stud heads, and so keep the pins (23) level with the inside of the jaws.
The head of the hardened steel screw (21) (Fig. 4), is seen in Figure 6, as
is the boss (3) Fig. 1 and 2, and also part of the inclined planes (12) and
(13) Fig. 3. The piece of copper having a reversed creux impression of
the type, and which is technically called the matrix, is contained in G, the
matrix frame (see Figure 1 & 2), which passes through the square holes
in the flanges C and D; it is formed of steel, and serves to hold the matrix
in a proper position under the opening in the flanges so as to form the
'letter part or face of the type. The matrix frame can be easily detached
'from its carriage H (which will be hereafter described), and it is shewn
detached in the auxilary Figure 8, to which these references also apply.
(26) is the fixed arm of the matrix frame. (27) is an arm, moveable upon
the centre (28). The matrix is fixed between these arms by means of the
connecting screw (29). To suit the various widths of the matrixes, the
moveable arm (27) is furnished with a piece of steel (30), moveable upon a
centre, and projecting a little beyond the inside of the arm, so as to give an
'equable pressure upon the part of the matrix in contact with the piece of
steel (30). (a) is a steel arm, projecting under the matrix, against which the
spring (31) presses, and so keeps the matrix in contact with the upper side of
the square hole in the flanges. (44) is a friction roller and its carriage, which
is screwed on to the side of the fixed arm (26). (The use of 44 will be here-
after described.) (32) is a moveable pin of steel, lying in a recess drilled into
the matrix frame, the projecting end of which is filed into a spring. (33) is a
'pin with a milled head, fixed into (32), and by means of which the pin (32)
'may be moved backwards and forwards (the use of which action will be shown
hereafter). (b) are curved bearings or hooks, by which the matrix frame is
attached to the carriage H. H (see Fig. 1 and 2) is the carriage of the
matrix frame, which is fixed upon the spindle B by means of the fly nut
screwing on to the end of the pin (34). The upper part of this carriage is
furnished with a spindle (35), upon which the curved bearings (b) of the
matrix frame rest, in two grooves, turned and fitted for that purpose when
these bearings are hooked upon the spindle. The spring part of the steel
pin (82) is pushed under the spindle (35) by means of the milled-headed

page_text: pin (33), and the matrix frame is thus securely attached to its carriage H.
The matrix frame being fixed upon its carriage several motions are provided,
in order to bring the matrix exactly in the proper situation beneath the
opening between the flanches. These motions are an advancing and receding
motion, a motion sideways, and also a circular motion, by which the letter
may be thrown into or from an oblique, or, as it is termed, italic direction.
The first of these motions, namely, the advancing and receding motion, is pro-
vided by making the upper part of the carriage H separate from the lower,
but connected by means of a dovetailed slide (36), (which is best seen in the
end view H). The motion is given by a fine-threaded screw, the milled bead
of which is seen at (37). The second of these motions, namely, the motion of
the matrix frame sideways, is given by means of the spindle (35), upon which
the curved bearings of the matrix frame rest in the grooves. The spindle (35)
passes through two bearings (38), on the upper part of the carriage H. On
the end of the spindle is a fine screw, which works into the fixed nut (39).
It is obvious that by turning the milled head (40) of the spindle, the matrix
frame may be moved sideways as required. The third motion, viz', the
circular motion, is given thus:-The carriage H is made moveable upon the
pin (34) as upon a centre. The tail (41) of the carriage H has its extremity
formed into the segment of a circle, whose centre is the centre of the pin (34),
and it is racked or toothed to work into the fine-threaded screw (42), by
turning which the carriage H and the matrix frame G can be moved in a
circular direction whenever required. The square holes in the flanches
C and D should be made sufficiently large to admit the matrix frame to move
both sideways and in the circular direction. The matrix frame G has also a
motion downwards or against the spring (31), in order that the matrix may be
disengaged from the type before the flanges begin to open, and also that
the matrix may remain clear of the flanges until they are again in contact and
ready to cast another type. This motion is produced by means of the small
friction roller (44), fixed upon the matrix frame, which friction roller works
inside a gun-metal cam (43), a plan of which is given at Figure 9. While the
friction roller is acting against the circular part of the cam, the matrix frame is
depressed and clear of the flanges; but when the friction roller comes to the
larger part of the cam (at 43), the spring (31), which is pressing against the
arm (a), brings the matrix in contact with the upper side of the square holes in
the flanges, so that the matrix closes the bottom of the opening between the
flanges. The gun-metal cam (43) is bolted to the projecting bracket of the
cast-iron frame A, as shewn in the Drawing. I is a toothed segment wheel
fixed upon
the spindle B; it is furnished with a steel plate having a hemespherical

page_text: hole, occasionally to receive the spring pin or catch (c), which is attached to the
frame A. The use of the spring pin or catch is to hold the spindle and flanges
steady when the metal is being injected.
Having thus described the machine or machinery for casting the type, we
-proceed to describe certain auxiliary machinery intended to give motion to and
be used with the type machine.
Figure (10) is a front view of a furnace and apparatus to work two of the
before-described machines; Figure (11) is a side view of the same. The
following description and letters of reference apply to both Figure (10) and
Figure (11). Such of the various parts has have been before described are
referred to by their former letters or numbers, and duplicate parts have the
same references. K, a cast-iron frame supporting the furnace and machinery.
L, a furnace made of firestone or any other suitable material containing the fire
and the melting pot, and communicating with a flue or chimney (d). M, tho
melting pot, which contains the type metal; it is furnished with two cast-iron
forcing pumps (45) communicating with the nozzles (46), from which the
metal is injected through the jaws into the mould formed by the flanches,
bodies, and matrix already described. The melting pot, with its pumps, is
shewn detached at M*. A, A, the ends of the cast-iron carriages bolted to
the brackets of K, each supporting a complete type-casting machine, as
already described. N, an iron spindle furnished with a winch and fly wheel
and having fixed upon it two bevel pinions (48), which communicate the
motion to the type machines through the bevel wheels (49), fixed upon the
transverse spindles O. O, a transverse spindle composed of two pieces, and
connected at Z by a clutch, on it is the bevel wheel (49), and also a segment
wheel (50). When the winch is turned, the segment wheel (50) moves con-
tinously in the direction of the arrows; it has a small pin or stud (51),
which comes into contact with the arm (52) of the wheel I, whereby the
wheel I is brought into gear with the segment wheel (50), and is thus caused
to revolve together with the spindle B, upon which I is fixed. When the wheel
I and the spindle B, and the casting machine upon it, have made a completo
revolution, the segment wheel (50) leaves the wheel I in the position shown
in the Drawing. P, light cast-iron carriages bolted to the iron frames A, A,
to support the transverse spindles O, and also the spindles (54) of the piston
rod levers. These carriages are connected by a brace through which the
piston rods pass. The fly wheel spindle and the outer ends of the transverse
spindles are supported in bearings upon brackets, bolted to the cast-iron
frame K, one of which is shewn in the side view, Figure 11.
It will be seen
by the Drawing, that the jaws 19 of the flanges C and D, before described

page_text: are opposite to the nozzles (46), out of which a jet of metal is caused to issue
by the following means:-The piston rods of the forcing pumps (45), are
furnished with spiral springs, which keep them up. In the upper part of
each of the cylinders of the pump, immediately under the pistons, there is a
small hole through which the fluid metal in the melting pot runs into the
cylinders of the pumps, as shewn in M*. The piston rods are caused to
descend by means of the levers (53), which are fixed upon spindles (54), and
have arms (55), which are elevated by the studs or wipers (56) attached to
the segment wheels (50); as the wipers elevate the arms, the levers, piston
rods, and pistons are proportionably depressed, which forces a jet of metal
through the nozzles. The wipers (54), are adjustable so as to throw out the
quantity of metal required; when the jet of metal is thrown out of the nozzles,
it is received through the jaws into the opening or mould formed by the
flanges and bodies, and the matrix being then in contact with the flanges or
bottom of the mould, a type is formed. When the metal is injected into the
mould and matrix, the spindle B and the flanges, &c. upon it, are caused to
make a revolution by means of the segment wheel, as before described, and
immediately upon the commencement of which revolution, the matrix is
disengaged from the type, the flanges are opened, and the type is pushed
away from the mould by means of the pins (28), as described at Figure 6.
The manner in which the matrix is disengaged is fully set forth in the
description of the matrix frame G, and the means for opening the flanges aro
also shown under the description of the steel pin F. A type is thus cast in
each machine at every revolution of the spindles B, B.
Having thus described the machine or machinery for casting type, and also
certain auxiliary machinery with which the same may be conveniently worked,
we declare that we do not intend to claim any part of such auxiliary
machinery.
But we claim as our Invention and patent right, the machine or machinery
for casting type, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2, and in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, and 9, which are parts of Figures 1 and 2, shewn separate in order the
better to explain the same.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Henfrey and Augustus Applegath,
have hercunto respectively set our hands and seals, this Ninth day
of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-four.
JOHN (L.S.) HENFREY.
AUGS (L.S.) APPLEGATU.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of February, in the
year of our Lord 1824, the aforesaid John Henfrey and Augustus Applegath
came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped 5
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.