AN IM- DIDATE AND SEESHADES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Montagu, of Cannon Street, in the
City of London, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IM-
DIDATE AND SEESHADES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Montagu at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1869.
I, CHARLES MONTAGU, of Cannon Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is the production of a waterproof
umbrella, parasol, or sunshade sufficiently flexible to permit of its
being compactly folded and sufficiently light to be readily portable.
My Invention consists in manufacturing an improved umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade by combining with an ordinary frame a covering
composed of material not hitherto applied for that purpose; such
covering material consists of vulcanized caoutchouc brought to a con--

page_text: dition of thin sheet by rolling, spreading, or otherwise, so as to form one
or more pieces sufficiently thin and yet sufficiently substantial for the
purpose required, and I attach the said covering material by cementing,
tying, or other means of attachment to the frame of the umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade.
The Invention may for instance be carried into effect thus:-The
caoutchouc is formed by rolling into sheets, or into masses or blocks
afterwards cut into sheets, or the caoutchouc can be reduced by solvents
to a dough-like condition, and then spread by a spreading machine or
by rollers into sheets. Afterwards the sheets are vulcanized by known
means of vulcanization, in which sulphur or one or more of its com-
pounds is used as the vulcanizing agent either with heat in water, or
dry heat or wet steam. The sheets of vulcanized caoutchouc being thus
prepared I cut them by patterns into the proper size of strips or widths
or pieces for making the covering material of the umbrella, parasol, or
sunshade. Each strip, piece, or width is cemented to the next by india-
rubber solution, and it is then stretched and placed on the frame of the
umbrella, parasol, or sunshade and attached thereto by ties connected
with discs of cloth.
Sometimes instead of using vulcanized caoutchouc I use for my
Invention caoutchouc without being vulcanized or caoutchouc semi-vul-
canized or partially vulcanized, or vulcanized by the sine calor process,
but I prefer caoutchouc vulcanized. I sometimes colour the caoutchouc
or use coloured caoutchouc.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Charles Montagu in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
MONTAGU, of Cannon Street, in the Oity of London, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and

page_text: grant unto me, the said Charles Montagu, Her special licence that I,
the said Charles Montagu, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Montagu, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Ax IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS,
PARASOLE, AND SUNSHADES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Montagu, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Montagu, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
The object of my Invention is the production of a waterproof umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade sufficiently flexible to permit of its being com-
pactly folded and sufficiently light to be readily portable.
My Invention consists in manufacturing an improved umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade by combining with an ordinary frame a covering
composed of a material not hitherto applied to the purpose. Such
covering material according to my Invention consists of vulcanized
caoutchouc brought to a condition of thin sheet by rolling, spreading, or
otherwise, so as to form one or more pieces sufficiently thin and yet
sufficiently substantial for the purpose required, and I attach the said
covering material by cementing or by other means of attachment to the
frame of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade.
The Invention may be carried into practical effect as follows:-The
caoutchouc is formed by rolling into sheets or into masses or blocks
afterwards cut into sheets, or it can be reduced by solvents to a dough-
like condition, and then spread by a spreading machine or by rollers

page_text: into sheets, and afterwards the sheets are vulcanized by ordinary means
of vulcanization, in which sulphur or one of its compounds is used as
the vulcanizing agent, either with heat in water, or dry heat, or wet
steam. The sheets of vulcanized caoutchouc being thus prepared I cut
them by properly shaped patterns into the proper size of strips, widths,
or pieces for making the covering material of the umbrella, parasol, or
sunshade. Each strip, piece, or width is cemented to the next by india-
rubber solution, and such strip is then stretched and placed on the
frame of the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade, and attached thereto by ties
passed through and connected with discs or little circular pieces of
caoutchouc or similar material.
Sometimes instead of using vulcanized caoutchouc I use for my
Invention caoutchouc without being vulcanized, or caoutchouc semi-
vulcanized or partially vulcanized, or vulcanized by the sine calore
process, but I prefer caoutchouc vulcanized. I sometimes colour the
caoutchouc in any ordinary manner, or I use coloured caoutchouc.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 the inner side of an umbrella
(with the stretchers removed for the sake of clearness) is shewn.
A, A*, is an ordinary frame, consisting, as usual, of a handle or stick A
and ribs A* and stretchers (not shown); B is the covering material, which
is made of thin sheet vulcanized caoutchouc cut into widths of suitable
shape for forming intercostal sections; each section is placed so as to
be connected with two ribs, and have two ribs under its edges, that is to
say, one rib under and connected with each lateral edge, and the
sections are cemented together and attached to the ribs A*, A*, of the
umbrella by ties c, which connect the ribs with discs of caoutchouc d
cemented to the inner surface of the caoutchouc covering. By the
expression "covering or covering material" I mean the flexible
material which is stretched over and connected with the ribs, and which
with the ribs, the stick, and the rest of the frame constitutes the
umbrella, parasol, or sunshade.
"
66
An umbrella, parasol, or sunshade constructed according to this
Invention is less liable to deterioration or wear than are ordinary
umbrellas, because the material of which it is made (being elastic) is
not subjected to the effects of frictional wear when folded.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim, the employ-
ment of sheet vulcanized caoutchouc or other sheet caoutchouc in.

page_text: combination with ordinary frames of umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Montagu, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of April, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
E. DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
CHARLES MONTAGU. (L.S.)