IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING, KNEADING, PRESSING, AND MOULDING CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS.
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING,
KNEADING, PRESSING, AND MOULDING CLAY AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS.
-A communication.
"
Scaled the 12th April 1859, and dated the 26th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th October 1858.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING
KNEADING, PRESSING, AND MOULDING CLAY, AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel construction and combination
of pulverizing, kneading, and moulding rollers. Around a portion of the
periphery of a large flanged roller a series of smaller rollers is mounted.
These smaller rollers are placed just so near together as to work clear of each
other, and between them and the large flanged roller adjustable triangular
concave base walls or guides are arranged in such relative manner to the

page_text: said rollers as to afford a kneading recess, and at the same time to act as
clearers to the rollers between which they are arranged. A superior speed is
given to the first of the series of small rollers in order to facilitate the
kneading. The object of the flanges of the large roller is to prevent the
lateral oozing of the clay or other substance during its passage through the
machine.
The Invention relates, secondly, to the construction and arrangement of
suitable dies or moulds formed to act as scrapers and cleaners to the rollers
from which they receive the kneaded and compressed material as it is forced
through the machine, and at the same time to re-organize and more firmly
unite the particles of the material so received, and mould the same into any
form required for architectural or mechanical purposes. From the receiving lips
of the die forward nearly to the point where the material is moulded the die
contracts laterally, while it expands vertically, so that as the clay or other
plastic substance is forced through the die, the relative position of its particles
will be changed, and become more firmly united before being delivered to the
mould.
For the purpose of severing the moulded material, rotary cutters are
employed and operated in such manner with reference to the rotation of the
machine that the material will be severed at the points required, and at the
same time receive pressure from the knives or cutters during the process of
separation, by means of which a fine finish is imparted to the moulded
material.
The form of the die used for inanufacturing pipe or tubing has the same
general conformation as the die for moulding bricks, but its mouth is con-
tracted to a suitable form, and a tapering mandril is arranged in the centre
of the die, and carried by a cutting support.
This combination of die and mandril will ensure the compression into perfect
union of the parts separated by the cutting support.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Iler special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVED MACHINERY FOR PULVERIZING, KNEADING, PRESSING, AND MOULDING CLAY
AND OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS," being a communication from abroad, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
This Invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent relates,
firstly, to a novel construction and combination of pulverizing, kneading, and
moulding rollers, by which the clay or other substance passing between them
will be thoroughly pulverized, kneaded, and forced into the required moulds
with an evenness and beauty of surface and solidity of consistence hitherto
unknown; secondly, in connection therewith to a provision for preventing the
lateral oozing of the clay or other substance during its passage through the
machine; thirdly, in combination therewith to the employment of adjustable
triangular concave base walls or guides, arranged in such relative manner to
the rollers as to afford a kneading recess, and at the same time to act as
cleaners to the rollers between which they are arranged; fourthly, to the
construction and arrangement of suitable dies or moulds formed to act as
scrapers and cleaners to the rollers from which they receive the kneaded and
compressed material as it is forced through the machine, and at the same time

page_text: to re-organize and more firmly unite the particles of the material so received,
and mould the same into any form required for architectural or mechanical
purposes; fifthly, to a provision for severing the plastic material at desired
points as it is being forced through the dies, and at the same time preserving
all its symmetry and beauty of finish.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine,
shewing the relative position of the rollers, die, and severing knives; Fig. 2 is
a plan of the machine as shewn from the top; Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional
elevation of the machine; Fig. 4 is an isometrical view of that form of die
which is adapted to forming bricks; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the die
adapted to making pipe; Fig. 6 represents in isometrical perspective bricks
made by means of this machine, the same baving tongues and grooves so that
in their use cement may be used instead of mortar. A (Fig. 1) is the iron
supporting frame of the machine; e, e, f, are metallic rollers arranged in the
frame with their peripheries nearly in contact, and adjustable concentrically
by means of the set screws t, for the purpose of governing the quantity of
material to be passed between them and the upper roller h. The roller f is
made to rotate more rapidly than the rollers e, c, h, in order to facilitate the
mixing and kneading of the material to be worked. The large roller his
made with flanges at both its ends, which overlap the ends of the rollers
e, e, f, and in the operation of the machine serve as continuous lateral walls or
guides to prevent the lateral escape of the material to be worked; the rollers
receive motion by means of cog wheels acting alternately at their ends, thereby
compounding the power and equalizing the strain upon the motion wheels;
i, i, are adjustable triangular concave base walls formed to fit closely between
the rollers e, c, and e, f, as represented in Fig. 3, and to act as cleaners to
these rollers, and at the same time to prevent the oozing of the material to
be worked at the base of the machine. The walls i, i, are formed so as
to leave a recess between their upper concaves and the periphery of the roller
h, for the purpose of facilitating the operation of mixing and uniting the
material to be worked; the adjustment of these walls i, i, in the direction of
the centre of the roller is effected by means of screw bolts and nuts n, n; d
is a die formed to fit closely between the flanges of the roller h and the peri-
pheries of the rollers e, h, so that it acts as cleaner to both these rollers. By
reference to Fig. 4 the peculiar construction of this die will be seen. From
the receiving lips of the die forward nearly to the point where the material is
moulded, the die contracts laterally while it expands vertically, so that as the
clay or other plastic material is forced through the die d, the relative position

page_text: of its particles will be changed and become more firmly united before being
delivered to the mould m; k, k, are rotary cutters attached to the arm j, the
operation of which is arranged in such manner with reference to the rotation
of the machine that the material will be severed at the points required, and
at the same time receive pressure from the knives or cutters & during the
process of separation, by which means a fine finish is imparted to the moulded
material; Fig. 5 represents the form of the die used for manufacturing pipe
or tubing, the same general conformation being observed as in the die d; p is
a mandril arranged in the centre of the die T, in such manner that the concave
within the pipe or tube may be perfectly secured without affecting the convex
finish and continuity of the formed pipe or tube. This is effected by means
of the cutting support s in combination with the peculiar form of the die 'T' and
mandril p,
the forward expansion of the mandril p forcing and compressing
into perfect union the parts separated by the cutting support s.
The operation of the machinery is as follows:-When the material to be
worked contains gravel or pebbles to any considerable extent, it is well to pass
it through preparing crushing rollers previous to its being fed to the machine.
The rollers e, e, f, h, being made to rotate in the direction of the arrows r, y,
and the material to be worked being fed to the hopper c, falls between the
rollers f, h, which compress it into a thin sheet, the rollerf rotating somewhat
more rapidly than the rollers e, c, h, ensures a sufficient delivery of material
between the concave of the base walls i, i, and the periphery of the roller h,
so that the particles of the material in their forced and compressed re-union
between the rotating peripheries of the rollers e, e, h, are prepared to enter
into dense compact in the formation of a continuous mass, which mass is forced
into the die d, J, by the rotation of the rollers e, e, f, h, where by reason of
the peculiar formation of the die d, J, its particles again undergo a relative
change, and are still more perfectly united before reaching the mould m.
During its passage through the mould m, the moulded mass is severed into
the required lengths by the rotating cutters k, k. When pipe or tubing is to
be made the cutters k, k, may be removed, and the tube or pipe made of any
length required. The dies may be made to accommodate any required form
of the material to be moulded.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improved Machinery
for Pulverizing, Kneading, Pressing, and Moulding Clay and other Plastic
Materials," as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim the arrangement of

page_text: machinery herein-before described, whereby the moulding of clay or other
plastic materials may be efficiently and expeditiously performed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.8.)