AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Henry Morrell, Brick and Tile Manu-
facturer, of Leyland and Littlewood, in the County of Lancaster, and.
Henry Charnley, Ironfounder and Agricultural Implement Manufacturer,
of Preston, in the same County, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 6th November 1860, and dated the 11th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Henry Morrell
and Henry Charnley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th May 1860.
We, THOMAS HENRY MORRELL, Brick and Tile Manufacturer, of Leyland
and Littlewood, in the County of Lancaster, and HENRY CHARNLEY, Ironfounder
and Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, of Preston, in the same County,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS,
to bo as follows:-
In carrying out our Invention we arrange a "pug mill" so that the clay or
other plastic material shall pass through it, and thence through one or more
pairs of revolving rollers placed at suitable distances apart. The clay or other
plastic material then passes into a box, in which works a piston or push plate,
(or pistons or push plates), moving alternately from end to end of the same,
being actuated by a crank or other convenient means; at each end of the box
is a dic (or dies) of the required form, and also any ordinary arrangement of

page_text: apparatus for cutting off and removing the bricks or other articles as they
are made
The clay or other plastic material in passing through the "
pug mill"
becomes thoroughly mixed and tempered, and in proceeding through the
rollers any stones or other extraneous matters become crushed, and the
material is thus delivered into the box in a fit state to be forced through the
dies, and is forced by the piston or pistons alternately through the dies at
either end of the box, which will give to it the form required according to the
particular pattern of the moulds or dies so placed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Henry Morrell and Henry Charnley in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 9th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
HENRY MORRELL, Brick and Tile Manufacturer, of Leyland and Littlewood,
in the County of Lancaster, and HENRY CHARNLEY, Ironfounder and Agri-
cultural Implement Manufacturer, of Preston, in the same County, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Thomas Henry Morrell and Henry Charnley, Her special licence
that we, the said Thomas Henry Morrell and Henry Charnley, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Henry
Morrell and Henry Charnley, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING BRICKS AND TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
FROM PLASTIC MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Thomas Henry Morrell and Henry Charnley, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately alter the date of the sand Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Henry Morrell and Henry
Charnley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement in writing, and on reference to the
accompanying Drawings:-
"
In carrying out our Invention we arrange a
pug mill"
so that the clay or
other plastic material shall pass through it, and thence through one or more
pairs of revolving rollers placed at suitable distances apart. The clay or other
plastic material then passes into a chamber in which works a piston or push
plate (or pistons or push plates), moving alternately from end to end of the
same, being actuated by a crank or other convenient means. At each end of
the chamber is a die (or dies) of the required form, and also any ordinary
arrangement of apparatus for cutting off and removing the bricks or other
articles as they are made.
The clay or other plastic material in passing through the "
pug mill "
becomes thoroughly mixed and tempered, and in proceeding through the
rollers any stones or other extraneous matters become crushed, and the
material is thus delivered into the chamber in a fit state to be forced through
the dies, and is forced by the piston or pistons alternately through the dies
at either end of the chamber, which will give to it the form required,
according to the particular pattern of the moulds or dies so placed.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention for "An Improved
Machine for making Bricks and Tiles, and other Articles from Plastic
Materials," we will proceed to describe the manner in which the same is to be
or may be performed; and in order that the Invention may be perfectly
anderstood we have annexed hereunto a Sheet of illustrative Drawings, and
have marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with
those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is an end view, and Figure 2 is a side view, of the machine.
A, A, is a pug mill, furnished with a hopper B, through which the clay or
plastic material is introduced into the cylinder, in which latter are placed a
series of arms or knives as usual, attached to the shaft C*, C*, which is driven
from the first motion shaft C, C, by spur gearing H, H, H', H'; T is a clutch
box for throwing the wheels H', ', and pug mill shaft C*, C*, out of gear.
At the opposite end of the cylinder to the hopper is an orifice D, through
which the clay or plastic material falls on to a pair of rollers E, E, which are
caused to revolve by means of the spur wheels F, F, and in passing between

page_text: A
these rollers any large stones or other hard materials become crushed or
broken. The clay or other plastic material then passes through another pair
of rollers G, G, which are placed closer together than the former, and which
break or crush still smaller any hard matters that may have passed through
the rollers E, E, the rollers G, G, being driven by means of the spur gearing 5
H, H, and shaft I, I. The clay then falls through an opening K, K, into the
piston chamber L, L, in which reciprocates piston or push plate M, which is
actuated by the connecting rod N, N, attached to a crank O, O, keyed on the
crank shaft P, P, which latter is driven from the first motion shaft C, C, by
means of the strap Q, Q, and spur gearing R, R. The reciprocating motion 1
of the piston or push plate M forces the clay alternately through one or other
of the mouth pieces or die boxes S, S, which give to it the required form. The
articles as they are thus made are cut off, and removed by hand or by any
suitable arrangement of automatic machinery.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for "An 1
Improved Machine for making Bricks and Tiles, and other Articles from
Plastic Materials," together with the manner in which the same is to be or
may be performed, we would remark in conclusion that we claim as our
Invention,―
Firstly, the general construction, combination, and arrangement of the ?
machine, as shewn in the Drawings, and above described.
Secondly, we claim the combination or arrangement of a pug mill and one
or more pairs of rollers, so that the clay or plastic material shall pass first
through the pug mill and then through the rollers.
And, thirdly, the combination or arrangement of one or more pairs of rollers 2
in connection with a piston chamber and dies, or any other mere modification
or colorable imitation of our Invention.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Henry Morrell and Henry
Charnley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Seventh day
of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred 3
and sixty.
THOMAS HENRY MORRELL. (L.S.)
HENRY CHARNLEY.
(L.S.)