IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR STOWING CATTLE AND HORSES ON BOARD SHIP
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Henry Beavan, of 27, Leadenhall Street,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS EMPLOYED FOR STOWING CATTLE AND HORSES ON BOARD SHIP."
Scaled the 12th March 1875, and dated the 3rd October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Henry Beavan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition,
on the 3rd October 1874.
I, ARTHUR HENRY BEAVAN, of 27, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR STOWING CATTLE AND HORSES ON BOARD
SHIP," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the means employed
for stowing cattle and horses on board ship. For this purpose pens are
fitted on the lower deck, main deck, and upper deck, the latter are
protected from weather by bulwarks carried up to form sheltered sides.
Passage ways for cleaning out are provided behind each row of pens
and gangways between the heads of animals for feeding.

page_text: The pens are arranged to hold four animals each, and are formed on
iron staunchions, a certain proportion of which are hollow and 2½ inches
diameter. The pens measure about 11 feet (inside) fore and aft, and 7
feet 9 inches (inside) thwart ship. The front of the pen is secured by a
wood batten 12 inches wide x 3 inches thick, the lower rim of which
is 24 inches from the deck; to this batten a wooden feeding trough 13
inches x 10 inches is suspended; this batten is fastened to the iron
staunchions by a fitting enabling it to be removed at pleasure. Above
this batten and with a space of 22 inches between its top rim and the
lower side of the following is fixed a round hollow iron staunchion or
bar two and a quarter inches in diameter, to which the head ropes of the
animals are attached, the space between giving ample room for their
heads to protrude for feeding purposes, but at the same time giving
support if driven violently forward by rolling of the ship.
The back of the pen is fitted with a band of india-rubber, leather, or
other suitable material; this band is about 30 inches from its lower
edge to deck, is 12 to 14 inches wide, is secured in one or several
lengths to two staunchions, and is tightened by a roller and ratchet
wheel or otherwise, and kept in position to each pen by a suitable
fastener, the great recommendation of this back band consisting in the
fact that it entirely prevents kicking, cannot chafe the animals hind
quarters, and saves the bruises hitherto caused by ship lurching and
driving the beast violently backwards. Each side of pen is fastened in by a
movable wooden batten about 18 inches wide fitting into the staunchions.
In addition to this side batten a rubber band is fitted from the back
band to the front wooden batten at intervals of 2 ft. 9 in., athwart ship
in such a manner as to shut off each individual beast in rough weather
from contact with the others, the band being removable in fine weather,
and is placed at such distance from the deck as to preclude the
possibility of rolling under it.
The deck upon which the beasts stand is fitted with bands of india-
rubber or combination of rubber and cork or other similar elastic
material in such a manner as to afford a firm foothold and of sufficiently
soft substance as to cause no injury from a fall, at the same time is
perfectly waterproof, can be cleaned down or scrubbed, is not effected by
heat, and gives to the animals when lying down the nearest resemblance
possible to their accustomed turf. Or the entire deck where the beasts
stand is laid with rubber properly ribbed to prevent slipping.

page_text: In order to convey the cattle or horses to their respective pens the
cattle or horses are placed in an iron box to contain one animal, and
lowered into their respective places in the pens without handling, the
box running on rollers and the ends taking out. This iron box is open
at top and measures 8 feet by 3 feet by 5 feet 3 inches, and is fitted with
rollers at bottom and doors at each end, movable at will to enable the
beast to be taken in or out at the ends.
AND
HENRY BEAVAN, of 27, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Arthur Henry Beavan, Her special license
that I, the said Arthur Henry Beavan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Henry Beavan, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR STOWING CATTLE AND HORSES ON BOARD SHIP," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Henry Beavan, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: to protrude their heads for feeding purposes, whilst at the same time the
bar and plank are sufficiently close to give support to the animals if
they are driven violently forward by rolling of the ship. Along the
back of the rows of pens is carried a flexible band I; I employ, by
preference, what is known as 4 ply machine belting composed of canvas
and rubber, and about 14 inches in width. The band may be in one or
several lengths, each length being tightened by a roller and ratchet
wheel or otherwise. The band is also held to the stanchions at the
backs of the pen by clipping levers J, as shown, or by other suitable
clipping apparatus. The clips J are carried by cast-iron clamps B*
bolted to the stanchions, as shown at Figure 1, and these clamps can be
raised or lowered upon the stanchions and fixed at any desired
height.
:
The advantage derived from using a flexible band along the back of
the pens in the manner above described is that kicking to the injury of.
the meu employed behind the animals in cleaning is entirely prevented,
and the animals cannot chafe their hind quarters or be bruised by the
ship lurching and driving them violently backwards.
At each side of the pen is a wooden plank K fixed at its ends by
bolts L to the clamps B, B, on the back and front stanchions, as shown
at Figure 1, so that by withdrawing these bolts the side planks K can
be quickly removed. In addition to these planks at the two sides or
ends of the pen each pen is also divided into four separate stalls by
dividing planks M of light flexible wood, by preference ash; these
planks at their front end are secured to the front plank D in the manner.
shown at Figures 2 and 3, and at their back end are secured to the
flexible band I. This is effected, as shewn at Figure 2, by the band
being nipped between a metal piece fixed to the end of the board, and a
rod N which at its upper end is formed with an eye bolt by which it can
be turned, and which at its lower end has a tapered screw formed upon
it, so that as the lower end of the rod is screwed into the hole which
receives it, the rod approaches nearer to the end of the plank K and nips
the flexible band. By this means the several animals in each pen may.
in rough weather be shut off from one another, or in fine weather these
intermediate planks or any of them may be removed.
The deck upon which the beasts stand has battens secured to it
crossing the pens at an angle of 45° or thereabouts, as indicated by the
dotted lines in Figure 3, and along the upper surface of each batten is

page_text: secured a strip of vulcanized india-rubber O or kamptulicon or such like
elastic material, as shown at the cross section of some of these battens at
Figure 5, so that the battens not only give a firm foothold for the beasts,
but also are sufficiently soft upon their surface to prevent injury to the
beasts in case of their falling.
In order to convey the cattle or horses to their respective pens the
cattle or horses are placed in an iron box running on rollers and made to
contain one animal, so that the animals may be lowered one by one, and
conveyed to their respective pens without handling, the ends of the box
being hinged to allow the animals to be taken in or out.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The combined arrangement, substantially as herein described
for stowing cattle and horses on board ship.
]
Second. The employment of an elastic band placed along the back of 1
the pens and secured to the stanchions or uprights, substantially as
herein described.
Third. The employment of dividing planks to divide the pens into
stalls, the front ends of the dividing planks being secured to the front
plank of the pen, and the back end of the dividing planks to the clastic 2
band, substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The application of battens having elastic material secured to
their upper surface to the decks of vessels fitted up for conveying cattle
or horses, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Henry Beavan, have here- 2
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.