IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Heywood, of Sutton Cross Hills, 'near Leeds,
Designer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
USED IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 27th February: 1857, and dated the 16th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by the said Edwin Heywood at the
Offico, of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December. 1856.
I, EDWIN HEYWOOD, of Sutton Cross Hills, n' Leeds, Designer, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, firstly, to means for facilitating the obtaining of
variations in the pattern to the fabric being produced during the working of
the loom, and consist in forming the cards of the jacquard apparatus used to
work the heddles with several sets or series of holes or perforations, each set
or series being capable of acting independently upon the needles or wires of
the jacquard apparatus, combined with a capability of shifting the position of
the ends of those wires or needles operated upon by such cards, so that the
attendant may vary the pattern by simply operating upon a lever handle or
other connection, to cause another set or series of holes in the same cards to

page_text: operate upon the needles or wires. Also in giving rotary motion to the card
cylinder, by a portion or portions of a thread or screw acting upon a suitably
cut wheel or disc upon the axis of such card cylinder, and of retaining such
cylinder from rotation at the time of acting on the needles, by a continuous
rim or run of such screw wheel, till the next partial rotation, when the
portion or portions of thread or screw will again operate. Also in connecting
the jacquard wires or needles with levers or rods, so as to bring them into or
take them out of position, to be operated by a vibrating bar, so that such levers
or rods may bring parts into position to be acted upon by other levers for
effecting the rising or falling of the heddles.
The improvements relate, secondly, to means for giving motion to rotary
shuttle boxes, in order that when a change of shuttle is desired, any one of the
series of shuttle chambers may be brought into a line with the race. A pinion
fixed to the series of shuttle boxes or chambers is taken into by a toothed
segment upon a lever arm, which is operated by tappets or other pattern
surfaces to give at the time required the desired amount of rotation to the
series of boxes. In using tappets, I employ a series of them upon an axis,
and slided by jacquard or other pattern surface to bring the tappet or tappets
required into operation, and by preference I use these tappets in pairs.
As a means for governing the exact amount of traverse.for. the. selection of
tappets for the time to operate, I employ a sliding plate formed with a series
of steps or openings of varying lengths, to act with suitable stops or droppers
passed through a fixed plate; the stops or droppers are acted upon by jacquard
or other. pattern surface to pass into the slits or openings in the sliding plato,
thereby to govern its position of operation. The sliding plate is releived from'
pressure on the stop or dropper in operation for each change, by the action of
tho loom, and is borne against it by spring or other means.
1
In place of tappets, I also employ a pair of inclined surfaces to act upon a
stud or pulloy in connection with suitable levers or connecting means, to govern
the amount of motion given by the toothed segment to the series of boxes.
The inclined surfaces are varied in position to act as required upon the stud or
pulley, by the fixed and loose plates, with the stops and droppers as referred to,
or other suitable selecting means.
In place of a toothed segment acting upon a pinion or toothed wheel, a band
or chain with pins or otherwise, formed capable of acting upon such pinion or
other toothed wheel, may be employed; and also in place of a segment of
teetli taking into a pinion upon the series of shuttle boxes, I sometimes employ
other toothed gear, to which the requisite motions are given for the different

page_text: partial rotations of the boxes, by selecting means such as referred to. Steadying
means are applied to retain the boxes correctly in position after each motion
given to them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edwin IIeywood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN.
HEYWOOD, of Sutton Cross Hills, near Leeds, Designer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edwin Heywood, Her special licence that I, tho said Edwin Heywood,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edwin Heywood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that J, the said Edwin Heywood, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
tho said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Heywood, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and. in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The improvements relate, firstly, to means for facilitating the obtaining of
variations in the pattern to the fabric being produced during the working of
the loom, and consist in forming the cards of the jacquard apparatus used to
work the heddles with several sets or series of holes or perforations, each set or
series being capable of acting independently upon the needles or wires of the

page_text: jacquard apparatus, combined with a capability of shifting the position of the
ends of those wires or needles operated upon by such cards, that the attendant.
may vary the pattern by simply operating upon a lever handle or other
connection, to cause another set or series of holes in the same cards to operate
upon the needles or wires. The improvements also consist in giving rotary
motion to the card cylinder by a portion or portions of a thread or screw
acting upon a suitably cut wheel or disc upon the axis of such card cylinder.
and of retaining such cylinder from rotation at the time of acting on the
needles, by a continuous rim or run of such screw wheel, till the next partial
rotation, when the portion or portions of thread or screw will again operate.
Also the improvements consist in connecting the jacquard wires or needles
with lovers or rods, so as to bring them into or take them out of position to be
operated by a vibrating bar, so that such levers or rods may bring parts into
position to be acted upon by other levers for effecting the'rising or falling of
the beddles.
The improvements relate, secondly, to means for giving motion to rotary
shuttle boxes, in order that when a change of shuttle is desired, any one of the
series of shuttlo chambers may be brought into a lino with the race. A pinion
fixed to the series of shuttle boxes or chambers is taken into by a toothed
segment upon a lever arm, which is operated by tappets or other pattern
surfaces, to give at the time required tho desired amount of rotation to the
series of boxes. In using tappets,. I employ a series of them upon an axis, and
slided by jacquard or other pattern surface to bring the tappet or tappets
required into operation, and by preforenco I use these tappets in pairs. As a
means for governing the exact amount of traverse for the selection of tappets
for the time to operate, I employ a sliding plate formed with a series of steps
or openings of varying lengths, to act with suitable stops or droppers passed
through a fixed plate; the stops or droppers are acted upon by jacquard or
other pattern surface to pass into the slits or openings in the sliding plate;
thereby to govern its position of operation. The sliding plate is relieved from
pressure on the stop or dropper in operation for each change by the action of
the loom, and is borne against it by spring or other means.
..
:
But that the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner I carry the
same into effect may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe the
Drawings annexed.

page_text: Figures show some of the parts separately. a is the main or crank shaft, upon
which is affixed the fast pulley b, by which it receives motion by a band or
strap from a steam engine or other. suitable power;. from. this, shaft a motion
is given, as is well understood, by toothed wheels to the cam or tappet shaft c;
d-is the jacquard barrel, which is formed so that the cards used therewith;
according to one part of my improvements, may each have in them several sets
or series of holes or perforations, each set of such holes or perforations. being
capable of acting independently upon the needles or wires of tho jacquard
apparatus, combined with a capability of varying the relative position of the
wires or needles and the cards for the times of operation. And according to
the arrangement which I have shown, there is only one row of wires or needles
e to be operated by the cards, and consequently one row only of holes or. per.
forations would be sufficient in each card. to act with them, and there is a
'capability for three variations, that is, either of the three rows of holes in each
card is capable of being brought opposito to and of acting upon the wires or
needles e; but the number of rows of needles or wires, as also of independent
sets of holes in the cards for. different variations, may be varied. Tho card
cylinder d is capable of revolving in fixed bearings, as shown, and the upper
parts of the needles or wires e pass through and are guided in their up-and-
down motion by the bar f, which is capable of sliding in guides f¹, so as to
bring the upper ends of the needles or wires e opposite either of the three rows
of holes in each card, as stated; and this motion is obtained, when desired, by
the operator acting upon the. lever handle g, which turns upon the axis of
motion 9, and is connected at g? to one end of the connecting rod h, the other
end of which is affixed by the pin joint h¹ to the short arm i, affixed to the
axis, upon which are also affixed the arms, in which are formed slotted
openings to receive pins or studs. 3 from the plate f. The lever handlog is
capable of being sprung into either of the three notches in the plate (shown
separately at Figure 4), which notchies correspond with the variations in: tho
cards, and also indicate which row of holes is in operation. But to insure the
wires or needles e always being opposite one or other of the holes in the cards,
there is a finger fattached by pin joint to the plate f, and-borne by a spring
f to the cylinder f, which is formed with projections (1),(1), around part of
its surface, whicli with the rims (2), (2), form at those parts grooves to receive
the point of the finger f, and thereby hold the plato f steadily in position.
The cylinder f is fixed upon and revolves with the tappet shaft c, and is so
placed that the action upon the lever g to bring the upper ends of the wires or
needles e opposite a fresh row of holes in the cards may be effected when tho
point of the finger f³ is pressing against the plain part 3 of the cylinder f*, and

page_text: consequently free to be shifted opposite and so as to be taken between either
of the projections (1), (1), and the rims (2), (2). Thus it will be seen, that
supposing one row or set of holes in each card to be adapted to one pattern or
variation of weaving, and each other to another pattern or variation of fabric,
these variations of pattern or fabric may follow each other in succession, or
such order as desired during the weaving of a piece of fabric, dependent upon
the number of variations in each of the series of pattern cards used. Thus,
supposing one row or set of holes in each of the series of cards be arranged to
produce by their continuous operation plain fabric, the next row or set in each
card tweel, and the third row or set satin, then the operator will only have to
shift the lever handle g to a notch in the plate j, which will bring the wires or
needles e opposite such holes to produce one or the other kind of fabric, and
then to change it for either of the others, as often as may be desired in tho
same piece.
Upon the axis d' of the card cylinder d is affixed the screw wheel or disc d²,
which is taken into by the portions of thread or screw (4) and (5) upon the
wheel d³, and these parts (4) and (5) are so formed in relation to the teeth of
the wheel d, that when in the rotation of the wheel d, the parts (4) come into
operation, it causes the wheel & to make a partial revolution,. so as to bring a
fresh card into operation on the cylinder d, and when the part (5) is in operation
the wheel d and cylinder d are held stationary.
The jacquard wires or needles are borno upwards by india-rubber or other
springs e, and they are connected at their lower ends to levers k, which turn
upon axes k', and those of the needles e which, by reason of thero being per-
forations in the cards opposite thereto, are permitted to rise, act upon to raise
these levers k, which by pressing on the under side of them raise other levers l,
which are formed with slots, to turn and have a capability of sliding upon the
bar, and they have projections P, which are then raised out of the way
of the bar m, and consequently out of the way of being affected by any
motion of this bar m; but those of the needles or wires e, which by being
depressed do not raise the levers k, leave the levers 7 operated by them resting
upon the sliding bar m, which, when moved towards the right-hand end of the
loom, as hereafter explained, pushes such levers with their ends under the
short ends n' of levers n, which turn upon centres of motion n² carried by
the ends of the levers o, which with the levers p, p', operate the harness of the
loom.
The levers n have projections n³, where they are connected by wires n* to
the levers p, with a tendency to throw the points at the upper ends of the
levers n against and so as to be operated by a projection g' from a lever 2;

page_text: the levers n have also hooked projections no, capable of being taken by the
lever r. When the levers 7 are raised off the bar m, the ends of the levers
do not act upon the levers n, but when the levers 7 are down to be acted upon
by the bar m, the ends of those levers will, by pressing upon the under side n
of the levers n, cause the upper ends to incline with the points n³ over the
lever r, by which as that lever is raised those levers n so operated upon will
Le raised, raising the ends of the levers o. The levers q and r turn upon¸à
centre r', and at their other ends are connected to and operated by the crank
pins q',, respectively affixed to the wheel, and turning with the axis a.
The bar m has to-and-fro motion given to it in the following manner:
Upon the axis c is affixed the tappet wheel m', which acts upon one end of
the lever ², the other end of which is connected by the link m³ to projec-
tions m from the bar m. The bar m also, by means of the projections m³,
carries a bar me, which by acting upon the levers k and the ends a* of instru-
inents, hereafter referred to, draws the needles or wires e and the wires a¹ of
those instruments a out of the way of the jacquard barrel when to change a
card.
I will now describe the second part of my improvements. t is a rotary
shuttle box, such as is now very generally in use, with six shuttle chambers t¹,
and turning upon the axis t. Upon the box t is also affixed the pinion to,
which is taken into the teeth of the segment u, and according to the amount
of motion given by this segment to the pinion t³, so will be the amount of
rotation in one or other direction given to the cylinder t for the selection of a
particular box of the series. This selection is obtained in the following
manner: The segment u is formed on or affixed to the upper end of a lever
, which turns upon a centre of motion u² carried by the frame t*, which is
affixed at one end o the axis of the lay sword, and at the other to the frame.
of the rotary shuttle box, and at the other end the lever u¹ is connected to the
sliding rod u³, which is guided in the sliding motion given to it by the fixed.
guide . To tho sliding rod are connected by pin joints the lower ends of
levers u, us, which turn upon centres of motion u°, and at their upper ends
carry the pulleys u', u', which are operated by one or other of the pairs of
tappet surfaces A, A, B, B, C, C, D, D', or E, E', affixed upon the sliding
collar G, which, in order to bring the particular pair of tappets into operation
that will operate the lever u to bring up the desired box of the series of rotary
shuttle boxes in a line with the race, is capable of sliding on the shaft c, whilst
by that collar having a key to slide in a groove in the shaft c, the collar will
be controlled to rotate with the shaft. The sliding of the collar G is effected
by the rod w, which is supported with a capability of sliding in guides carried

page_text: by the framing of the loom, and at one end has affixed to it the forked arm w',
which by its fork embraces the neck in the collar G, whilst at its other end it
is affixed to the plate w², which is formed with a series of steps or openings of
varying lengths to act with the stops or droppers x, which pass through
openings in the fixed plate y, and are connected to rods or wires r', which are
borne upwards with their points out of the way of the sliding plate w³, by
india-rubber or other suitable spring a³, except when operated by the jacquard
or other suitable pattern surface to depress that one of them which shall move
the bar wa distance sufficient to bring the required tappets A & A', or B and
B', or C and C', or D and D', or E and E', into operation.
The sliding plato w³, with its rod w, is withdrawn from pressure on the
dropper last in operation for each change by means of the tappet & upon the
cross shaft, upon which is affixed the bevilled pinion, by which it receives
motion from the bevilled pinion affixed upon the shaft c, the tappet z acting
upon the pulley carried by the upper end of the lever, the lower end of
which is connected to the bar w, and the bar w is borne in the opposite
direction by a spring.
In place of tappets, I sometimes employ a pair of inclined surfaces to act
upon a stud or pulley in connection with suitable levers or connecting means
to govern the amount of motion given by the toothed segment to the series
of boxes. The inclined surfaces are varied in position to act as required upon
the stud or pulley by the fixed and loose plates with the stops and droppers
as referred to, or other suitable selecting means.
And in place of a toothed segment acting upon a pinion or toothed wheel, a
band or chain with pins or otherwise, formed capable of acting upon such pinion
or other toothed wheel, may be employed; and also in place of a segment of
teeth taking into a pinion upon the series of shuttle boxes, I sometimes employ
other toothed gear, to which the requisite motions are given for the different
partial rotations of the boxes by selecting means such as referred to. Steadying
means are applied to retain the boxos correctly in position after cach motion
given to them.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details herein shown and described, so long as the
peculiar character of any part thereof be retained; but what I do claim is,-
Firstly, the so arranging and combining parts whereby each of the jacquard
cards used to operate the heddles may be perforated with two or more sets or
series of holes capable of operating as desired upon the needles or wires of the
jacquard apparatus to produce variation of pattern or fabric.

page_text: Also, I claim the mode of giving motion to jacquard cylinders or barrels.
Also, I claim the mode of arranging and combining parts in connection with
the jacquard needles or wires for effecting the rising or falling of tho heddles.
Secondly, I claim the mode of arranging and combining parts for operating
rotary shuttle boxes, substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Heywood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 14th day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM HARTLEY.
EDWIN HEYWOOD. (L.s.)