Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1886.
Specification Accepted, 7th Jan., 1887.
We, ISAAO LILLEY, of the Anchor Fuel Works, Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorgan, Manager, and FELIX METGÉ, of the Anchor Fuel Works, in the County of
Glamorgan, Assistant Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
Our invention relates to means by which the steam moisture, imparted to the
materials of the fuel in the steam pugg, is expelled before the moulding process can be
effected.
This branch of manufacture as hitherto practised has been characterised by sundry
imperfections which have seriously impaired its success, as well as the practical value
of the fuel produced.
In putting our invention into practice, there are two important considerations to be
kept steadily in view. One is the necessity of preventing the fuel-materials from being
chilled between the pugg and the drying chamber, and between the drying chamber
and the press; and the other is the necessity of carrying out the drying process
efficiently without being compelled to have recourse to a high temperature.
The chamber in which we propose to effect the drying process is therefore close to
the pugg, and, as far as structure is concerned, may be regarded as a continuation of it.
The materials fall from the pugg into the drying or vacuum chamber which is made
air-tight excepting for the pipes next described, and its connection with the pugg.
Wheels with projecting arms are mounted in the drying or vacuum chamber, which
are revolved in opposite directions.
Pipes are led into the chamber which deliver the heated gases from a furnace or
from the flues of boilers through guarded nozzles and these being fixed at a level under
that of the wheels, it follows that each particle of the fuel materials is separated by the
disintegrating action of the wheels from its fellow, and individually exposed to the
heat of the furnace.
In the upper part of the chamber we fix a conical pipe in which we produce an

page_text: exhaust blast by any convenient means (although we prefer a steam blast like that of a
locomotive), for the purpose of exhausting the air and vapour from the drying or
vacuum chamber.
In order that our invention, and the means by which the same may be carried into
practical effect, may be thoroughly understood, we will proceed to describe the same
in detail, referring in so doing to the accompanying drawings which are to be taken
as part of this specification and read therewith, and in which like parts are marked
throughout the figures in which they occur with the same reference letter.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation illustrating our invention having the disintegrating
wheels in the horizontal plane.
Fig. 2 is a plan of a wheel.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation illustrating our invention having the disintegrating
wheels in the vertical plane.
Fig. 4 is a front sectional elevation taken on the line X-X of Fig. 3.
bis the drying or vacuum chamber, preferably circular in plan, and a a the
disintegrating wheels keyed on their respective shafts and rotated in opposite directions.
The radial position of the projecting arins or spokes a² is insured by the outer ring a³.
The horizontal wheels, a, a, may be replaced by a Carr's disintegrator as illustrated
in Figs. 3 and 4; the shape of the chamber, b, in plan being modified accordingly.
E is a pipe surrounding the chamber in a plane near the bottom thereof and into
which the current of hot dry air or gases for drying the fuel materials is supplied. It
communicates with the chamber, b, is supplied. It communicates with the chamber b
by means of a series of nozzles E which latter enter the chamber below the level of
the disintegrating wheels. The nozzles El may be guarded in any convenient way to
prevent their becoming stopped with fuel material.
We do not confine ourselves to the use of a circular pipe E and nozzles E¹ as illus-
trated in Fig. 1, but may use a single delivery dry pipe F as illustrated by the dotted
lines in Fig. 3.
The proportion between the delivering capacity of the pipe E and the sectional area
of the chamber is regulated by the consideration of the necessity of avoiding a too
high temperature of the drying currents. The safe maximum temperature is one that
falls short of the combustion temperature of the fuel materials, the function of the
drying currents.being to dry only, without interfering in any way with the chemical
composition of the fuel materials. The maximum safe temperature having thus been
ascertained, the delivering power, i.e., the sectional area of the pipe E is easily
calculated.
d is the well-known receiver here shewn as a continuation of the chamber, b, and into
which the dried fuel-materials fall from the disintegrating wheels. This receiver allows
of the materials cooling without being chilled, and they are then conveyed from the
receiver by any convenient means to the press, both press and means of conveyance
being enclosed and fixed as close to the receiver as possible, for the purpose of preventing
the fuel materials from being chilled. The receiver may, however, be dispensed with.
"The fuel materials are delivered from the pugg down a closed pipe or shoot into the
drying chamber near the top of the latter. The pugg and the drying chamber must
be fixed as close fogether as possible, to prevent the temperature of the materials from
being cooled as they are shot into the drying chamber.
C is a conical pipe fixed upon the top of the chamber band communicating therewith.
Cis the mouth of the exhaust blast for the purpose of exhausting the vapour-laden
atmosphere from the chamber b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
:-
1. In the manufacture of artificial fuel, the combination of disintegrating wheels,
revolving in opposite directions, with a drying chamber into which a drying current
of hot air or gases is being delivered, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings,

page_text: 2. In the manufacture of artificial fuel, the combination of pugg mill connected by
a short lateral duct or shoot with the interior of the drying chamber, and the drying
chamber connected close to the press, for the purpose of preventing the undue lowering
of the temperature of the fuel-materials, substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture of artificial fuel, the combination of an exhaust blast delivered
into a continuation of the drying chamber having a wheel disintegrator and into which
a current of hot dry air is being fed, with a conical pipe between said continuation and
chamber, substantially as described.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.