An Improved Weaving Process and Looms for Weaving Rugs, Mats, and like Fabrics.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 7th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 5th Oct.,
1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Weaving Process and Looms for Weaving Rugs, Mats,
and like Fabrics.
I, WALTER SHEPHERD, of the firm of Thomson, Shepherd & Co., of Dundee, in the
County of Forfar, North Britain, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved weaving process, and apparatus therefor, and
has for its object to furnish cut or uncut pile cloth such as plain or figured rugs,
mats, and the like, whether made of jute or other vegetable or animal fibre or fibres,
with a border all round of a different colour to the ground thereof, this being effected
mechanically in the ordinary process of weaving, but without the necessity of having
to use cards or plates or any such like apparatus for raising either the pile or the
warp threads.
In looms heretofore used for weaving rugs, mats and the like, beams or other
apparatus exist for holding the ground yarn and that used for pile, and the yarn for
ground is always used for ground, while that for pile is always used for pile.
Now in my invention the yarn used for ground at one time may be used for pile
at another, and that used for pile at one time, may be used for ground at another.
This I attain by fixing on the beams or other apparatus for holding the yarn, a
ratchet wheel, drag or other appliance, so that the yarn coming from such beams or
other apparatus may be entirely stopped, or let off at a pace different from that
at which it has previously been let off. For instance in the case of a simple hand
loom where only two beams are employed, I put the yarn for making the border at
each end of the rug or like article, on one beam, and that for making the centre and
the side borders on the other. When I wish to weave the end border, I allow the
beam holding the yarn for that border to run freely and at the same time by applying
the drag or ratchet wheel on the other beam I stop or lessen the supply of yarn from
the latter. The yarn for the end border is brought to the surface by gears or similar
apparatus, and with the aid of a wire, rod, or such instrument, is made to form the
end border. When that is completed I reverse the process and begin to make the
centre and the side borders of the rug. It must always be understood that the end
and side borders are of one and the same colours.
Though I have mentioned one beam as holding the yarn for the end borders and
one bear as holding the yarn for the centre and side borders, 1 may use more than
one beam for either purpose or I may dispense entirely with a beam or beams and
use some other appliance.
Dated this 18th dox of December 1888
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Weaving Process and Looms for Weaving Rugs, Mats,
and like Fabrics.
I, WALTER SHEPHERD, of the firm of Thomson Shepherd & Co., of Dundee in the
County of Forfar, North Britain, Spinners & Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention & in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in & by the following statement :—
My Invention relates to an improved weaving process and apparatus therefor & has
for its object to furnish cut or uncut pile cloth such as plain or figured rugs, mats &
the like whether made of Jute or other vegetable or other animal fibre or fibres with

page_text: a border all round of a different colour to the centre thereof, this being effected
mechanically in the ordinary process of weaving, but without the necessity of having
to use cards or plates or any such like apparatus for raising either the pile or the warp
threads.
In looms heretofore used for weaving rugs mats & the like, beams or other apparatus
exist for holding the yarn used for the back & that used for pile, & the yarn for the
back is always used for the back.
Now in my Invention the yarn used for forming the back or part of the back at
one time may be used for pile at another & that used for pile at one time may be used
for forming the back or part of the back at another or the yarn used for pile in
making the centre and end borders may be used along with the ground yarn for
making the back while weaving the side borders & vice versa.
This I attain by fixing on the beams or other apparatus for holding the yarn, a
ratchet wheel, drag, or other appliance, so that the yarn coming from such beams or
other apparatus may be entirely stopped or let off at a pace different from that at
which it has previously been let off.
For instance in the case of a simple hand loom where only two beams are employed
I put the yarn for making the border at each side of the rug or like article on one
beam, and that for making the centre & the end borders on the other.
When I wish to weave the side border, I allow the beam holding the yarn for that
border to run freely & at the same time by applying the drag or ratchet wheel, or
other appliance on the other beam, I stop or lessen the supply of yarn from it.
The yarn for the side border is brought to the surface by gears or similar
apparatus, and with the aid of a wire, rod or such instrument is made to form
the side border.
When that is completed, I reverse the process & begin to make the centre & the
end border of the rug. It must always be understood that the end & side borders are
of one & the same colours.
Or I put the yarn for making the ground on one beam, that for making the centre
and end borders on another, & that for making the side borders on a third.
In order to render the Invention more readily understood, I have hereto annexed
a sketch of the side elevation of a hand loom constructed for the purpose of carrying
out the Invention on the last mentioned system, that is to say, by the use of three
warp beams. In this sketch A represents the weavers seat. B the breast beam,
around which the woven fabric passes to the cloth or taking up beam C, which is
provided with the usual setting up wheel c, actuated by lever and pawl c¹. D is the
reed and E are the healds actuated by treadles F in the usual manner.
ordinary backbeam and ff are guide rollers for the pile yarns to pass around. In
this case the ground yarn g is wound on a beam G and passes through the front row
of healds E.
F1 is the
The pile yarns g¹ & g³, are wound on beams G₁, G³, and pass respectively through
the second and third rows of healds E¹ & E'.
Supposing that the yarn first required for the pile be taken from the beam G³, the
healds E, through which this yarn passes, is raised by the treadles and under the
row of threads so raised, a rod or straight edge is inserted extending across the loom
and the weaver taking hold of each end of this rod draws it towards him, until he
thas drawn forward sufficient yarn to form one row of pile. The yarn from the
beam G is then raised by the healds and is interwoven with that from G. Both
rows of threads are then lowered and the ground yarn from the beam G which until
now has been depressed is raised and by means of the weft the two sets of yarn g
and g¹, are interwoven. When the yarn on the beam G2 is required to form the
pile the process is the same with the exception that is raised and drawn forward
instead of g, or in other words, the order & manner of using the two warps g¹ and g³
is reversed.
The beam G is provided with a ratchet wheel H and pawl h, the latter being under
the control of the weaver through the string ', the weaver can thus regulate the
letting off of the warp from this beam. The supply or tension on the yarn contained

page_text: on the beams G¹ & G' is regulated by drag weights J, attached to cords ; passing
round the ends of the beams.
.
The ground beam being G, the beam for the centre & end border G and the beam
for the side borders G¹, or vice versa when the centre & end borders are required to
be woven, I allow the yarn to come freely from G' and let the yarn from G¹ mix with
that from G and thus form the ground.
When the side borders are required, I reduce the speed of G³ and increase that
of G¹ and allow the yarn from G2 to mix with that from G and form the ground.
Though I have mentioned one beam as holding the yarn for the side borders, and
one beam as holding the yarn for the centre & end borders, I may use more than one
beam for either purpose, or I may dispense entirely with a beam or beams, and use
some other appliance.
I have assumed in this description that the rugs are woven across the loom, that is
with their ends at each side of the loom.
If, however, the rugs should be wanted to be woven lengthways, that is with their
side borders at each side of the loom, then instead of the yarn for end borders & centre
being on the same beam, the yarn for the side borders & centre will be on the same
beam. And instead of the yarn for the side borders being on a separate beam, that
for the end borders will be on a separate heam.
Having thus particularly described my Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :—
The Improvements in looms for weaving mats rugs and the like substantially as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 7th dow of Ancnot 1000
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
HUGHES, ELI & HUGHES,
76, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.