Improvements in Chrono-photographic Apparatus adapted for the Projection of Positives upon a Screen.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 26th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 25th June, 1897-Accepted, 11th Sept., 1897
Improvements in Chrono-photographic Apparatus adapted for the
Projection of Positives upon a Screen.
I, MARIE JOSEPH HENRI JOLY, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The present invention relates to a chrono-photographic apparatus adapted for
the projection of positives upon a screen with the object of producing the illusion
of movement.
The various parts which constitute my apparatus are placed between two
metallic plates which serve as brackets or bearings for the several axes, and the
whole of the apparatus is enclosed in a chamber inaccessible to light.
The motion for driving the apparatus may be given by any suitable motor;
in the following description I will suppose the operation to be effected by hand
by means of a crank fixed on a shaft upon which a large toothed wheel is mounted.
This toothed wheel gears with three intermediate toothed wheels on separate axes
one of which wheels gears with another pinion.
The film which has been exposed is wound upon a magazine roller whose shaft
is mounted at the upper part of the apparatus. From the said roller the film,
passes over a small guide roller and thence passes over a roller which has two series
of spikes that enter holes formed, at the edges of the film. This spiked roller is
mounted upon a shaft at one extremity of which is fixed the first of the three
hereinbefore mentioned toothed wheels which engages with the large wheel on
the crank shaft. At the other extremity of the roller shaft is mounted a bevel
wheel which gears with a second bevel wheel secured at the extremity of a shaft
carrying the shutter which is composed of a simple opaque disc pierced with
apertures.
From the spiked roller the film passes between two small guide rollers, and
thence behind the lens. The film then passes over a second spiked driving wheel
and finally accumulates at the bottom of the apparatus or is wound upon a
receiving roller.
In order that the apparatus may operate under good conditions it is necessary
that there shall be a stoppage in the displacement of the film each time when
one of the apertures in the shutter uncovers the orifice of a tube in front of the
film. I will set forth how I obtain this time for the stoppage.
The large wheel on the crank shaft gears, as herein before stated, with the last
of the three intermediate wheels which in its turn causes a pinion to rotate. This

page_text: said pinion is mounted upon a shaft which terminates in a crank disc carrying a
crank pin which is connected by a fork to the shaft of the second spiked drum
or driving wheel which is supported by two rods articulated at the centre of
rotation of the large wheel. It will be understood that owing to this arrange-
ment the toothed wheel, which is mounted upon the shaft of the second drum,
will continually be in gear with the large toothed wheel on the crank shaft during
the to-and-fro movement which is transmitted to it by the crank disc and the
third intermediate toothed wheel and pinion.
When setting forth the operation of the apparatus I will show that this to-and-
fro movement which I impart to the second drum will give rise to stoppages during
the displacement of the film.
The film being arranged in the apparatus as above set forth, I turn the crank
and set the first spiked driving wheel and the shutter in motion. Accordingly
as the film is unwound from the magazine roller it forms a fold behind the said
driving wheel. As regards the stoppages in the displacement supposing the
large wheel moving in the direction from right to left the disc crank pin through
the intermediate wheel then turns from right to left and raises the second driving
wheel. The toothed wheel on the axis of the said second driving wheel is therefore
displaced in the same direction as that of the rotation of the large crank wheel,
and if the two velocities, that of the displacement of the second driving wheel
axis and that of the rotation of the crank wheel are equal, it will be readily seen
that the said second wheel will not turn upon itself, because the same teeth of
these two wheels will always remain in contact. On the contrary in the second
part of the movement of the 'disc crank pin, that is to say when the latter moves
downwards, the said second wheel will lie displaced in the opposite direction
to that of the rotation of the crank wheel and will therefore turn at a velocity
which will be that imparted to it by the crank wheel if the said second wheel
were in an 'invariable position, increased by that transmitted to it by the move-
ment of translation. When turning at this velocity the second spiked drum
mounted upon the same shaft as the second intermediate wheel will pull on the film.
It is not necessary that in this upward movement of the system the second spiked
wheel and its intermediate wheel be actuated at a velocity equal to that of the
crank driving wheel. It cannot moreover be thus, and it is sufficient for the
diminution in the velocity of the said spiked roller to be great enough in order that
the latter may simply be displaced along the film without carrying it away and
consequently, as the result to be obtained, without pulling at the portion of the
film placed at this moment behind the lens tube.
In lieu of arranging the driving mechanism, as herebefore set forth,
in such a manner that the traction at the film is effected when the said second
spiked roller descends I may of course arrange it in such a manner that the
traction of the film will take place when the said roller moves upwards.
The size and dimensions of the first two intermediate toothed wheels and of
the spike rollers are so calculated that these two 'rollers will cach move the
same quantity of film; in like manner the respective dimensions of the bevel
wheels are so calculated that one of the slits or apertures in the shutter will
he presented in front of the lens when the film is stationary.
The bottom of the lens tube and dark chamber is closed by a small plate
furnished with grooves through which the film passes. A spring placed behind
a small plate forces it constantly against the said film. If instead of taking a
series of negatives I wish to project positives it is sufficient to replace the
bottom of the dark-chamber by a glass plate or by a simple frame and then
cause a ray of light to pass through from behind, which will enable the images
to be protected upon a screen placed at a suitable distance from it.
Dated this 26th day of September 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Chrono-photographic Apparatus adapted for the
Projection of Positives upon a Screen.
I, MARIE JOSEPH HENRI JOLY, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to a chrono-photographic apparatus adapted for
the projection of positives upon a screen with the object of producing the illusion
of movement.
In order that the following explanations may be as clear as possible I have
represented by way of example in the accompanying drawing a chrono-photo-
graphic apparatus constructed according to the present invention.
Figure 1 is a side view, partly, in section, of the apparatus and
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same also partly in section.
The various parts which constitute my apparatus are placed between two
metallic plates A A¹ which serve as brackets or bearings for the several axes,
and the whole of the apparatus is enclosed in a chamber inaccessible to light.
The motion for driving the apparatus may be imparted by any suitable motor;
in the following description I will suppose the operation to be effected by hand
by means of a crank fixed on a shaft upon which a large toothed wheel Cis
mounted. This toothed wheel gears with three intermediate toothed wheels D d d¹,
the latter wheel d¹ in its turn gearing with the pinion du for the purpose herein-
after set forth.
The film is wound upon a magazine roller H whose shaft is mounted at the
upper part of the apparatus. From the said roller H the film, as shown in
Figure 1, passes under a small guide roller h and thence passes over a roller K¹
which has two series of spikes that enter holes formed at the edges of the film.
This spiked roller K' is mounted upon a shaft at the extremity of which is fixed
the toothed wheed D) which engages with the large wheel C on the crank shaft..
At the other extremity of the roller shaft is mounted a bevel wheel f which
gears with a second bevel wheel f' secured at the extremity of a shaft f" carrying
the shutter M which is composed of a simple opaque disc pierced with apertures m.
From the spiked roller K¹ the film passes between two small guide rollers m³,
and thence behind the lens 1. The film then passes over a second spiked driving
roller K similar to the roller K' and finally accumulates at the bottom of the
apparatus or is wound upon a receiving roller not represented in the drawings.
In order that the apparatus may operate under good conditions it is necessary
that there shall be a stoppage in the displacement of the film each time when one
of the apertures m in the shutter uncovers the orifice of the lens P in front of the
film. I will set forth how I obtain this time for the stoppage.
...:
The large wheel C gears, as herein before stated, with the intermediate wheel d¹
which in its turn causes a pinion d to rotate. This said pinion is mounted upon a
shaft L which terminates in a crank disc R carrying a crank pins which is con-
nected by a fork t to the shaft of the roller or driving wheel which is supported
by two rods V articulated at the centre of rotation of the large wheel C. It will
be understood that owing to this arrangement the toothed wheel d, which is
mounted upon the shaft of the drum K, will continually be in gear with the large
toothed wheel C during the to-and-fro movement which is transmitted to it by
the crank disc R and the toothed wheels and pinion d¹ d¹¹.

page_text: When setting forth the operation of the apparatus I will show that this to-and-
fro movement which I impart to the drum K will give rise to stoppages during
the displacement of the film.
The film being arranged in the apparatus as above set forth, I turn the crank a
and set the first spiked driving wheel K¹ and the shutter in motion. Accordingly
as the film is unwound from the magazine roller H it forms a fold behind the
said driving wheel K¹. As regards the stoppages in the displacement I will
suppose the system to be in the position shown in Figure 1, the large wheel moving
in the direction of the arrow." The disc crank pin s through the intermediate
wheel then turns from right to left and raises the driving wheel K to the upper
point of its movement. The toothed wheel is therefore displaced in the same
direction as that of the rotation of the wheel C, and if the two velocities, that of
the displacement of the wheel d and that of the rotation of the crank wheel C
are equal, it will be readily seen that the wheel d will not turn upon itself,
because the same teeth of these two wheels will always remain in contact.
the contrary in the second part of the movement of the disc crank pin s, that is
to say when the latter moves downwards, the said second wheel will be dis-
placed in the opposite direction to that of the rotation of the crank wheel C and
will therefore turn at a velocity which will be that imparted to it by the crank
wheel C if the said second wheel d were in an invariable position, increased by
that transmitted to it by the movement of translation. When turning at this
velocity the drum K mounted upon the same shaft as the wheel d will pull on
the film.
On
It is not necessary that in this upward movement the system d K shall be
actuated at a velocity equal to that of the wheel C. It cannot moreover be thus,
and it is sufficient for the diminution in the velocity of the said spiked roller R
to be great enough in order that the latter may simply be displaced along the
film without carrying it away and consequently, as the result to be obtained,
without pulling at the portion of the film placed at this moment behind the lens
tube P.
In lieu of arranging the driving mechanism, as hereinbefore set forth, in such
a manner that the traction at the film is effected when the roller K descends
I may of course arrange it in such a manner that the traction of the film will take
place when the said roller K moves upwards.
The size and dimensions of the toothed wheels D and d and of the spiked
rollers K and K are so calculated that these two rollers will each move the same
quantity of film; in like manner the respective dimensions of the bevel
wheels f f are so calculated that one of the slits or apertures in the shutter will
be presented in front of the lens when the film is stationary.
The bottom of the lens tube P and dark chamber is closed by a small plate
furnished with grooves through which the film passes. A spring placed behind
a small plate forces it constantly against the said film. If instead of taking a
series of negatives I wish to project positives it is sufficient to replace the bottom
of the dark chamber by a glass plate or by a simple frame and then cause a
ray of light to pass through from behind, which will enable the images to be
projected upon a screen placed at a suitable distance from it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
An improved chrono-photographic apparatus capable of being also employed
for obtaining projections with reproduction of movement, the characteristic
features being:
1. A fold imparted to the film previous to its entering the dark chamber, the
said fold remaining constantly formed during the complete displacement of the
film, thus enabling the abrupt traction movements required for the proper function

page_text: of the apparatus, to solely act upon a non-stretched fraction of the film and not
upon the whole mass of the film; substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In combination with the film as above described, two film-driving rollers,
one of which receives a continuous rotary motion whilst to the other an inter-
mittent rotary motion is imparted; these two rollers being provided with two
sets of points or teeth, which penetrate the holes provided on the edges of the
film, for the purpose of obtaining the feed-motion of this latter; the driving
roller with continuous movement being placed near the film magazine or feed
roller before the fold above referred to and the other roller with intermittent
movement behind the dark chamber; substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. A special driving mechanism for transmitting the rotary motion to the two
driving rollers, one of which is required to turn with a continuous movement
and the other with an intermittent movement, this said mechanism comprising
a gear wheel C mounted directly on the shaft of the crank, and gearing: on the
one hand with a wheel D keyed on the fixed shaft of the first driving roller K
with continuous movement, and an the other, hand with a toothed wheel (d)
keyed on the shaft of the second driving roller K; the shaft of this second roller
being mounted on a frame V capable of oscillating about the shaft (b) and being
connected by a fork (t) to a crank disc which receives a continuous rotary motion
from the gearing C; substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 25th day of June 1897.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.