A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE, COMBINED WITH A NEW MODE AND APPROPRIATE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ENGINE FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF. AIR
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anthony Bernhard, Baron Von Rathen, of Fitzroy
Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "A NEW OR
IMPROVED COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE, COMBINED WITH A NEW MODE AND
APPROPRIATE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ENGINE FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF.
AIR."
Sealed the 12th March 1867, and dated the 15th September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anthony Bernhard, Baron
Von Rathen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th September 1866.
J, ANTHONY BERNHARD, Baron VON RATHEN, of Fitzroy Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE, COMBINED WITH A NEW MODE
AND APPROPRIATE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ENGINE FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF
AB," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in a new mode of applying compressed
air as a motor, combined with a new construction of the power wheel, and in
a new mode of packing to prevent the escape of air, combined in accordance
thereto with a new construction and arrangement of the cylinder and the
covers, all united forming a new compressed air engine, which can supply.
itself with air to replace any escape therefrom, and maintain the motor in
permanent activity. The motor wants no removal or renewal, except when
the engine is to be stopped, and when the same is again to be put in motion.
It will be explained with the Drawings that the motor works stationary in

page_text: driving the wheel round, going itself round with the wheel without leaving its
place. With the exception of the principles of no removal and no renewal of
the motor and of the engine supplying itself the loss of escape (which by the
Invention of the new mode of preventing the escape of air will be not often
wanted), this Invention is in the mode of applying the motor and in the
construction of the power wheel, and in the arrangement for preventing the
escape of air entirely new and different from my Patent for England of the
Twenty-third March 1865, No. 818, of the Invention of an elementary power
engine. The motor (compressed air) or any other elastic fluid is here con-
ducted directly from the regulator through a feeding box fixed upon the
horizontal cylinder into the wheel, and forins therein a floating mass all round
the wheel in a small space left open for it between the internal surface of the
cylinder and the circumference of the wheel. The wheel contains on two
opposite sides two cavities, each of which has a part of the vertical diameter
standing out or projecting, on the surface of which the expansive pressure of
the motor produces the turning of the wheel. Under or next to this pro-
jection is a cavity furnished with metal pieces in such a way that the reactive
power pressing upon the cavity is entirely annulled in the following way:-
The pressure of the motor upon the metal pieces in each cavity is transmitted
to a central piece of a different diameter of the wheel, and there it is from the
contra pressure of the opposite cavity to the greatest part annulled. It will be
seen at the Drawings that from each cavity a surplus pressure is produced
which is not balanced by the contra pressure of the other, but this surplus
pressure is in favour of the motion by adding moving power in the direction
in which the wheel is going. With a slight alteration I could construct
wheels of a larger diameter with four such cavities.
The detail of the manner in which the cavities are constructed and
furnished will be best seen and explained at the annexed Drawings and their
descriptions (Figure 1).
The second part of the novelty of my Invention consists in the construction
and arrangement of the cylinder with its covers, and in the new modes of
packings and holding the packing together.
The nature of the new mode of my Invention for more completely pre-
venting the escape of air consists principally in narrowing the place which
wants to be made air-tight. Therefore instead (as in a rotary steam engine)
of having to make tight the space all round the external circumference of the
cylinder, I fasten my covers at the edge of the cylinder with one, or, if wanted,
with a double row of screws, and conduct the covers nearly to the axis, leaving
only a small space round the axis open. Than this is the only space which

page_text: wants to be made air-tight. This could easily be done in different ways. My
new way will be best understood by the Drawings (Figure 2). I make the
covers round the axis project a short way along and round the axis (a
shoulder), and opposite fix a ring or collar on the axle, and I put the
packing upon a small projection of this collar and hold it together by a band
with a buckle or. a screw ring. If this is well done it is hardly possible that
any air can escape. But I must remark that the larger the cover and the
surface exposed to the pressure of the air in the wheel the stronger must the
covers be made to resist the pressure. But to prevent as much as possible
the full force of the motor inclosed round the space of the wheel pressing upon
a large surface of the cover, I make the wheel at the space containing the
motor as air-tight as possible against the cover. In all cases for small wheels
and of no enormous pressure this mode would be the most economical one, and
could easily be provided from a moderate reservoir without using supply
pumps. If I wanted to shorten the covers and diminish the surface exposed
to the pressure of the air, I make a projection of the wheel around the axis of
such diameter as may be wanted for the purpose from six inches to one or two
feet round the axis, and apply the same proceedings on a larger scale to make
it air-tight as I have done at the small opening round the axis.
Drawing (Figure 3) will be better adapted to explain the
proceedings.
The annexed
details of the
The third mode or manner in which I intend to apply with great advantage
my new mode of packing and strapping the packing is to use the wheel
without any cover at all. The working wheel is in that case provided on
both sides of the cylinder with shoulders or strong projections fixed on the
wheel, which are raised to touch nearly air-tight the edges of the cylinder;
both the surface of this projection and the edges of the cylinder are nicely
turned and planed to diminish friction. The projections from the wheel
support the packing between it and the edge of the cylinder. The details
will be better understood by looking at the Drawing (Figure 5).
But in consideration that this mode of packing has never been practically
used I may explain here one mode in which I intend to do it.
I fasten at
first upon the supports of the projection a strong band of india-rubber round
it, firmly buckled upon this I wind round some bands of strong cloth on
which wool has been fastened like wadding; I buckle it also firmly. Over
that I wind strong leather straps or chain round to hold the whole together by
buckling it firmly. Besides this herein-before described mode of packings at
the edge of the cylinder when no covers are used, I employ any of the modes
(shown at Figure 6), in which the only novelty is that I shall have two

page_text: divisions of packings one over the other, both to be provided inside the pro-
jection of the wheel round the edge of the cylinder with metallic springs;
but the most useful novelty is to prevent the packings in both cases to get too
hot and spoiled by friction and heat; I shall use for that purpose cold water in
the following way:-The edges of the cylinder wanting not much strength in
the two just described cases, I make them rather thin, and make behind the
edge an inclosure, in which I force with a little bydraulic pump water in to
cool the edge, and bore very fine small holes through the edge that a little
water may be sprinkling the packings, not more than wanted to keep the
packings in a moderate temperature, so calculated that part of this water may
be sucked in by the packings or evaporated by the heat created by friction.
Any water still remaining in the cylinder provision is made to let it out from
time to time.
But the advantages which this Invention of the new mode of packing will
produce are the following:-It enables me to do away with the chambers of
my first Patent of the elementary power engine (bearing date 23rd March
1865, No. 818,) and hold the motor in a space all round the wheel like a
floating mass, by which friction and escape are diminished to the lowest point;
and this will be the first steam or air cylinder which does not require to be
completely bored, only to be rounded and centralised. I refer to the Drawing
of the power wheel (Figure 1).
I reserve to my use without claiming it as my Invention the following
apparatus to be connected with the motive power wheel:-A magazine or
reservoir to preserve the motor, compressed air, in a much bigher degree of
expansion as the actual working power. The magazine is at first filled by
hand or otherwise, and then the engine by working a pair of compressing air
pumps returns to the magazine any air which might have escaped. From the
reservoir the compressed air enters the regulator, and when regulated to the
desired degree of pressure for working the wheel it enters a feeding box which
is here fixed upon the cylinder, and enters the wheel when the entrance cock
or valve is open.
If the wheel is to be stopped the entrance valve is closed
and the exit valve is opened. As the wheel moves only in one direction, I
propose when used on railways to have a locomotive behind the train, which is
only put in motion when by a signal the train requires to be drawn back to
prevent collision or for any other purpose.
It is very easy for any engineer to find on a ship or locomotive a convenient
place where a second power wheel constructed for a reverse action may be
fitted up and carried without working along with the train till the reverse
movement is wanted. As the reservoir, regulator, air pumps, or other part of

page_text: the engine which are no part of my Invention, and are known to every learned
engineer, I have therefore made no Drawings of them..
Figure 1, the power wheel.-This is a vertical section of the new power
wheel and cylinder. A is the entrance or feeding box; b is the box wbich
opens or closes the communication between the power wheel and the regulator,
and c is the cock, by which the compressed air in the wheel can be let out in
the atmosphere; D is the space which contains the moving force all round
the wheel; E' is the parallel box or parallelogram in which the moving force
enters, or rather falls in, being closed on all four sides, and only towards the
motor at all times open. The sides of the box having not the slightest adhesion
to the sides of the wheel a small space is left open between, but upwards
(towards the motor); the box is carefully closed against any compressed air
entering in these small spaces, which can easily be made perfectly air-tight,
or by some elastic pieces of india-rubber fastened to the sides of the wheel or
otherwise; the bottom of this box reposes fully with its surface upon the
horizontal plate of a triangular piece of metal (G'), to which it is fastened by
screws, and transmit to it all the power it receives from the surrounding motor.
The lower or oblique side of the triangle reposes upon another piece of metal or
piston (H) exactly parallel to the oblique side of the triangle, and the piston
or ground metal piece reposes upon the central piece (p¹) of a diameter
parallel to it and to the lower side of the triangle. It is evident that all the
reactive power entering or contained in the box E¹, and pressing upon the
horizontal surface of the triangle (G¹) is fully transmitted and reposes upon the
central piece (P¹). It will be seen that on the opposite side of the central
piece (P) another cavity is made in the wheel, furnished exactly like the
above described, and in consequence thereof entirely equal force obtained from
the floating motor through the box E2 of the opposite cavity has been trans-
mmitted to the opposite central piece (P2), both pressing with equal force one
against the other, it is clear that in the rule all reactive force must have
been annulled; but by examining this Drawing it will be found that by a
certain improvement of the position of the metal pieces in both cavities not
only the reactive power of both cavities has been annulled, but a surplus power
has been gained in favour of the motion of the wheel equal to the lengthened
central pieces, as shewn by the red lines x and y.
Having now shewn that all reactive power is annulled, the moving force can
act without hindrance.
The floating power of the wheel operates on the surface of the projections
F and F of the propelling diameter. The reactive force being annulled the
wheel will be turned round with the total of the forces acting upon both the

page_text: extremities of the diameter F1 and F, to be calculated in respect of the area
of both these surfaces, and the degree of pressure of the motor in the wheel to
which the surplus power may be added, gained from the arrangements made
with the reactive power.
The new covers and cylinders with the new mode of packings are represented
in the Drawings, Figures 2, 3, and 4.
Figure 4 is a front view of the new cover (C) fastened with one row of
screws on the edge of the cylinder, and reaching to a small space left open
round the axle (S). This space is the principal novelty as no cover in the
world exists with such an open space round the axle (A). The great advantage
obtained by this new cover is that the large circle round the edge of the
cylinder, which now must be made air or steam-tight (as in general use in a
rotatory steam engine), is by my new cover transferred to such a small circle
round the axle, the opening wants only to be of about half an inch round the
axle, however large the diameter of the wheel may be; this small space could
be made perfectly air-tight in different ways.
But Figure 2 shews a new way in which this small space can be made air-
tight. The Drawing is a longitudinal section, but the wheel is en masse
without indication, as the object is only to shew the cover and how to make
the space (S) air-tight. The cover (C) has a projection or shoulder along
and around the axle, and opposite to it I fasten a ring or collar (R) round the
axle; this collar has a small projection to support the packing between the
shoulder of the cover and the collar. Upon this supporter I bind bands of
india-rubber or other material round, and fasten it with a buckle, leather straps,
or chain. Behind the edge of the shoulder I fit a small reservoir of oil or of
water, upon which I introduce some compressed air, and arrange it by a small
hole at the edge of the shoulder, that some drops may be sprinkled on the
packing, which turns very slowly and cannot be much heated by friction.
Figure 3 shows how the cover can be shortened if desired. The Drawing
is again a longitudinal section with the wheel en masse. The wheel (W) is
constructed with a projection (P) around the axle, which can be from 6 inches
to one or two feet diameter, of which the axle is the centre.
The cover pro-
trudes upon and round the projection, leaving a small space (S) open, over it
a shoulder is formed like in Figure 2, and a ring or collar (R) opposite the
shoulder is fastened round the projection, and the packing is put upon the
support of this collar and fastened upon, as it has been described in Figure 2.
Figure 5 this is also a longitudinal section with the wheel (W) en masse
of this representation without any cover. I have in the foregoing Specification
given full explanation how the packing is brought upon the supporter, and

page_text: how fastened and closed, I have therefore only to say that S, P¹, is the pro-
jection fastened on the wheel which supports the packing, and as the wheel
would not allow to have two projections fastened to it, as it could not enter
the cylinder, the projection (S, P³,) is movable, and has only been fitted to
it by screws.
Figure 6 is likewise as Figure 5 to be made air-tight all round the edge
of the cylinder; yet this is done in the old known way, only that I have two
divisions of packings, and one of the projections (S, P',) is also movable, and
only fastened by a double row of screws to the wheel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Anthony Bernhard, Baron Von Rathen in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTHONY
BERNHARD, Baron VON RATHEN, of Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Authony Bernhard, Baron Von Rathen, Her special
licence that I, the said Anthony Bernhard, Baron Von Rathen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Anthony Bernhard,
Baron Von Rathen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE, WITH A NEW MODE AND APPROPRIATE CONSTRUCTION
OF THE ENGINE FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF AIR," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Anthony Bernhard, Baron Von Rathen,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Anthony Bernhard, Baron Von Rathen,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The nature of this Invention and the object of it is to produce a new or
improved motive-power engine, different and improved in all its parts from
my Invention of the elementary motive-power engine patented by me on the
23rd day of March 1865, No. 818. It consists of a new or improved method
of applying compressed air, in the improved and simplified construction of the
engine, and in a new mode of preventing the escape of air. As in the former
Patent the motor (compressed air, steam, or any other elastic power,) requires
no removal or renewal, and the power wheel can only be turned in one
direction; it is therefore necessary to apply two engines when a reversed
action is required, as on railways.
The novelties in construction, as can be seen in the annexed Drawing,
Figure 1, consists, first, in the cylinder not requiring to be turned or bored
carefully, but only to be truly round and polished to diminish friction. Also
that in this power wheel no chambers exist in which the motor is enclosed,
but the motor flows all round the wheel and works in open cavities instead of
in closed chambers; secondly, there is no separate feeding box required, but the
compressed air is conducted by tubes directly from the reservoir (passing or
not through some regulating apparatus) immediately to a box fitted upon the
cylinder, and from thence it enters the cylinder, and floating all round the
wheel forces itself upon the furniture fitted up in the cavities. The movement
of the wheel is produced by the pressure of the motor pressing upon the
projections of the diameter of the wheel next to the cavities; and the reaction
is prevented by directing the pressure of the compressed air upon the furniture
in one cavity in such a way that it may be opposed and balanced by the
pressure upon the furniture of the opposite cavity.
The next important novelty consists in a new mode for preventing the
escape of air, which can be seen by the Drawings, Figures 2 and 3. It will be
seen at Figure 3 that the wheel fixed upon the axle or spindle can freely turn
round without friction in the cylinder; a small space is left open for the
circulation of the motor round the wheel, and also a small space is left open
between the wheel and the covers. The covers themselves are strongly built
up and provided with strong ribs to resist the internal pressure of the
compressed air; they are air-tight and firmly screwed to the rim of the
cylinder, and reach from all sides to the centre (nearly to the axle), round

page_text: which, according to the dimensions of the diameter, a small space of or
an inch may be left open, round which the covers are fitted with a very
strong projection or shoulder, upon which the ribs of the cover extend.
Opposite this shoulder I fix a ring or collar on the axle; a projection of the
collar reaches to the lower part of the shoulder of the cover and turns
round with the axle. Upon this projection the packing of
any kind may be
fitted, and held firmly by a band with a buckle or chain, with a screw, or
otherwise.
At Figure 2 another way of enclosing the motor air-tight in the wheel is.
used by applying stuffing boxes round the axle, which in itself is no novelty,
but the application to such a wheel is new.
In Figure 1 the furniture fitted in the cavity is a regular triangle covered
with a small box upon which the motor presses resisted round on the cylinder.
The lower part of the triangle reposes upon the central piece or diameter of
the wheel, and thus transfers the pressure of the motor upon the upper
part of the triangle to one side of the central piece. The opposite cavity
is fitted up exactly the same; it follows that the pressure is balanced or.
annulled, and can produce no reaction; besides this under the large side of
the triangle a space is left open, so that there no unfavorable pressure can be
transferred.
Figure 4 represents an entirely new mode of fitting up the cavities of the
wheel, and the pressure of the motor is also applied in a different way to
produce motion. It will be seen that the large metal piece fitted in the
cavity which receives and transfers the pressure of the motor is in its form
between a triangle and a parallelogram. It transfers by its lower surface the
pressure upon two metal pieces, which could slide in their frames if left free
to themselves. The larger one is counterbalanced by a similar metal piece in
the opposite cavity, but the smaller presses upon the central piece without
being opposed favorable to. the motion, and will produce an additional force.
It must also be remarked that the direction of the upper part of the metal
piece which receives the pressure of the motor goes in an inclined line from
the projection of the diameter, by which motion is produced down to the point
of reaction. The motor ascending as it were this inclined line to the pro-
jection of the diameter will by its pressure act effectively in favor of the
turning of the wheel.
The separate explanation of each of the four Figures will further illustrate
the nature of my Invention and novelties upon which I ground my claims for
Patent rights.
The power wheel, Figure 1.-This is a vertical section of the new power

page_text: wheel and cylinder. A is the entrance or feeding box; 0, the cock which
opens or closes the communication between the power wheel and the regulator
or reservoir, and c is the cock by which the compressed air in the wheel can
be let out into the atmosphere; D is the space which contains the moving
force all round the wheel; E is the parallel box or parallelogram in which
the moving force enters, or rather falls in, being surrounded on all four sides,
and only open at all times upwards towards the motor. The sides of the box
not having the slightest adhesion to the sides of the wheel a small space is
left open between but upwards (towards the motor), the sides of the box are
carefully made air-tight to prevent any compressed air entering in these small
spaces which can easily be made perfectly air-tight by some elastic pieces of
india-rubber fastened to the sides of the wheel or otherwise; the bottom of
this box reposes fully with its surface upon the horizontal plate of a triangular
piece of metal G, to which it is fastened by screws, and it transmits to it all
the power it receives from the surrounding motor. The lower or oblique side
of the triangle reposes upon the central piece P of a diameter parallel to the
lower side of the triangle. It is evident that all the power entering or con-
tained in the box E, and pressing on the horizontal surface of the triangle G
is fully transmitted and bears upon the central piece P. It will be seen that
on the opposite side of the central piece P another cavity is made in the wheel
furnished exactly like the above described, and in consequence thereof entirely
equal force obtained from the floating motor through the box E³ of the
opposite cavity has been transmitted to the opposite central piece P³, both
pressing with equal force one against the other. It is clear that in rule all
reactive force must have been annulled. In order further to prevent any
pressure upon the box and triangle on the reactive side being transmitted to
the central piece P, and thus producing reactive force, an excavation R is made
under the large side of the triangle, in order that this part of the triangle may
not touch the central piece P. The floating power of the wheel operates on
the surface of the projections F¹ and F' of the propelling diameter, and finds
its useful resistance on the surface of the cylinder. The reactive force being
annulled the wheel will be turned round by the sum of the forces acting upon
both the extremities of the diameter F1 and F.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the wheel represented in Figure 1, and
shows the cover and the new manner of making it air-tight. It is evident
that only the space S left open round the axle requires to be made air-tight.
This is done in the following way :-The internal wheel W is as described
with reference to Figure 1, and is only represented here in order to explain
better the new method of making it air-tight. The wheel is fastened to the

page_text: axle and turns round inside the cylinder, closed in by the cover C as in a box.
The space D is left open between the cylinder, the cover, and the wheel for
the circulation of the motor. There is no space left to be made air-tight
except round the axle at its exit from the cylinder. The covers C close the
wheel in and reach to the centre, surrounding the space S by a shoulder of the
cover S°; this shoulder or projection of the cover is reached by a projection
of the collar R fixed to the axle and turned round with it. The projection of
this collar or ring R shuts the space S and turns on the shoulder S° of the
cover as tight as possible round, but has little friction to overcome by its slow
motion; round this projection of the collar any packing is wound fastened by
a band with a buckle or a screw ring to hold it air-tight.
Figure 2 is an exactly similar longitudinal section to Figure 3, and requires
no further description, except that the closing air-tight at the axles is here
effected in the more simple and known way by a stuffing box S" and screws.
The cover is on its whole surface strengthened by ribs which are more or less
strong according to the dimensions of the wheel and the degree of expansive
force of the motor inside the cylinder; they reach from the rim of the cylinder
round the projection of the cover Se, similar to those indicated in the Drawing
before referred to; therefore I do not consider it necessary to give a separate
view of the cover and its ribs.
Figure 4 represents an entirely new or improved wheel with different
and improved fitting up of the cavities. T, P, is neither a triangle nor &
parallelogram, but somewhat of both. It receives upon its upper surface the
force and pressure of the motor, and transfers it by its lower surface to two metal
pieces L and S, upon which it entirely reposes; both these metal pieces are
freely fitted in frames, in which they could move if not held firmly by the
pressure of the piece. T,'P. The piece T, P, itself is made air-tight, and kept
in its place by screwing on the four sides of the wheel over it pretty strong
metal pieces upon caoutchouc to prevent compressed air sliding down on its
side and to hold fast the plate T, P. The larger metal piece L is opposed and
balanced in its pressure on the central piece by a metal piece of equal dimen-
sions fitted up in the opposite cavity, but the smaller piece S is not opposed,
and its pressure on the central piece gives an additional force in favor of the
movement of the wheel. The line of the surface of T, P, is conducted rather
obliquely, or declining from the projecting part P of the power diameter to
the reactive point R, and by this the motor ascending to the projection of the
diameter P will produce a faverable pressure upon the surface of T, P, in the
direction of the movement.
This explanation and the Drawings will shew that by this combination of

page_text: fitting up the cavities no reactive force can be discovered, but all forces or
pressures are favorable to the movement of the wheel.
The feeding box shewn in Figures 1 and 4 is not shewn in Figures 2 and 3,
but it will be understood that it has to be applied thereto.
The claims which I ground upon the foregoing Specification and the
annexed Drawings, explaining the nature of my Invention, are the
following :-
First, I claim the whole engine as entirely new or highly improved if
compressed air, steam, or any other elastic force be applied to it as a
motor.
Secondly, I claim the wheel, with the triangle, as described and repre-
sented in Figure 1, by reason of its open spaces made under the large part of
the triangle.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of making the wheel air-tight by closing the
wheel in above, as it were, in both forms, as explained with reference to
Figures 2 and 8; likewise if a small space is left open round the axle, or if,
as in Figure 2, stuffing boxes are used.
Fourthly, I claim particularly the combination of fitting up the cavities
and working the wheel as described with reference to Figure 4, with its
oblique or declining line of the surface of the part T, P.
In witness whereof, I, the said Anthony Bernhard, Baron Von Rathen,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
ANTHONY BERNHARD, BARON VON RATHEN. (L.s.)