AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING SCREWS
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
-Patent-under-the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Fourth day August, in the fifth year of Her reign, and, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-one, did give and grant unto
me, James Warren, of Montagu Terrace,. Mile End Road, in the County.
of Middlesex, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Warren, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said James Warren, or my
exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within.
that part of Her United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called Eng-
land, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my In-
vention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING SCREWS;" in which said Letters
Patent there is a proviso, that I, the said James Warren, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing, under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of.
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
James Warren, do hereby, by this instrument in writing, under my hand and
seal, declare the nature of my Invention, and particularly describe and ascer-
tain the same, and also the manner in which the same is to be performed
(reference being had to the letters herein contained, and the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and herein referred to):―
My Invention is "An Improved Machine for Making Screws," and the nature
and object of my said Invention is the enabling moulds for screws to be made
in moulding sand, or other material of a like nature, by screwing patterns of
the screws into the sand, or other material of a like nature, and unscrewing
them out, so as to leave patterns of the screws impressed in the sand, or like
material; and the mode in which it is to be performed will appear from the
following description of the improved machine, and of the moulding head plates;
moulding boxes, and other articles: used in connection therewith, reference
being had, as aforesaid, to the annexed Drawings.
Figure 1 is a front view of the machine when complete, and in a raised
position, as seen on the bench upon which it is supported and worked. The
back view would be similar.
Figure 2 is a representation of the head-plate, so called from the patterns of
the heads of the screws being upon it, and it is gitted and sprayed precisely
similar to the moulding head-plate herein-after mentioned.
'
Figure 3 is an end view of the machine, as seen when pressed down upon
the moulding box, and previous to the screwing of the patterns into the
sand.
.
Figure 4 is a view of the top of the machine and bench, and of the wheels
of the machine. The same letters denote the same parts of the machine in all
the Figures. A, Figure 1, is an end view of a wooden bench; B are train
rods screwed thereon lengthways, upon which an iron plate C, supported by
four rollers attached thereto, travels to and fro; two of the rollers are repre-
sented in Figures 1 and 3, and are marked D; E is a moveable iron moulding
box, which contains the sand in which the moulds are made, and which, when
screws are about being made, is placed upon the plate C, and by means thereof
is rolled under the screwing frame, in order to have the moulds made, and
afterwards rolled away, in order to have the screws cast; M are two upright
iron plates bolted to the bench A, with holes at the lower part to receive the
ends of the shaft L, and vertical grooves in the upper part to receive the ends
of the lifting frame N. N is the lifting frame, to which the screwing frame is
attached, by means of the screw bolts shewn in Figures 3 and 4, and marked
by ax. The ends of the lifting frame are dropped into the grooves in the

page_text: upper parts of the plates M, and pass through holes made to receive them in
the pieces of iron O. These pieces of iron O have other plain holes in them to
receive the upper ends of the supporting rods H, which ends are screwed
at the parts represented in the Drawings, and the elevation of the screwing
frame is regulated by the nuts which work thereon. The lower ends of the
supporting rods H are of a curved form; one of them is connected with the
end of the lever G by the round pin I, as shewn in Figure 3, upon which it
works. The lower end of the other supporting rod is precisely similar, and is
connected with a piece of iron of the same shape and form as the lower end of
lever G, which piece of iron is attached to the other end of the shaft L in the
same manner as lever G is attached, by being let on in the usual way. By
moving the lever G, a precisely similar motion is given to both the supporting
rods, which work upon the ends of the lifting frame N, and which, together
with the screwing frame thereto attached, are thereby lowered or pressed
down, or raised up. The pillars S are four pillars at the corners of the screw-
ing frame, which connect and hold it together, and have upon them adjusting
screws and nuts, to adapt the plates of the screwing frame to the length of the
screws required to be made. The pillars S have likewise at their lower ends
steady pins, marked d, which, when the screwing frame-is-let-down, enter into-
holes marked e, made at each corner of the sand box to receive them, and
thereby the sand box is kept firm, and in its true position during the operation
of the screwing of the patterns into and out of the sand. P is an iron frame
which contains the motion wheels R, R, R; the middle one is worked by the
handle Z, and by means of cogs gives motion to the other two. T, the crank
plate, is a plate of metal containing the holes in which the ends of the cranks
of the patterns are inserted, and in which they revolve, and it also contains
the holes through which the motion cranks pass and in which they revolve, by
which motion is given to the crank plate, and thereby a circular motion is.
given to the patterns. U is the guide-screw plate, which is also a plate of
metal containing female screws, in which the guide screws work; and it also
contains holes in which the lower ends of the motion cranks revolve. V is
also a plate of metal, which I call the steadying plate, which may be placed
either above or below the guide screw plate; its use is still further to steady
the patterns whilst being screwed into and out of the sand, but it is not essen-
tial in making short screws. W is the head plate, which is also a plate of
metal containing patterns of the heads of the screws, and within them are the
holes through which the patterns are screwed into the sand. These three plates
last mentioned, videlicit, the head plate, the steadying plate, and the guide-
screw plate, are let on to the four pillars S, and secured and made firm thereto.

page_text: and thereon by nuts, as shewn in Figures 1 and 3, except that when the.
steadying plate is placed above the guide-screw plate, it is not fixed, but
travels up and down the pillars S, and would be placed immediately above the
guide screws on the patterns. The position of the head plate is always the
same, the position of the steadying plate and guide-screw plate may be varied
by means of the nuts and adjusting screws upon the pillars S, according to the.
length of the screws intended to be made. Each of these three plates con-
tains as many holes as there are patterns used in the machine; each set of
holes precisely corresponding to each other, so that the patterns are each
perfectly perpendicular. Y is a piece of metal which comprises the crank,
the guide screw, and the pattern screw, and I call it "the pattern;" there are
as many of these used in each machine as there are screws intended to be.
made by one action of the machine. The number of patterns to be used in
one machine is indeterminate, and will vary according to the size of the screws
intended to be made, and they may or may not be made with heads upon them.
If they be made with heads upon them the heads on the head plate will be
unnecessary. These patterns are passed through the holes in the guide-
screw plate, the steadying plate, the crank plate, and the head plate, and the
guide screws work in the female screws on the guide-screw plate. The crank
plate has as many holes as the other plates, and they are made to receive the
ends of the cranks of the patterns, and to allow them to work and revolve.
therein perfectly free and clear of each other. The crank plate rests upon
washers placed upon the cranks of the four corner patterns; and washers
are likewise placed above secured by four small screws, which keep the crank
plate in its right position. X are the motion cranks; the lower ends revolve in
holes made in the guide-screw plate, which plate is held quite firm and steady
by the nuts on the pillars S; the upper ends revolve in holes in the iron wheel
frame P, and they are fixed to the centres of the outer wheels; the. throws of
the motion cranks are the same as the throws of the cranks of the patterns,
that is, upon being moved round, they describe similar circles. On the middle
wheel being moved.round by the handle Z the outer wheels are moved round
by the cogs before mentioned; these outer wheels give motion to the motion
cranks, which again give motion to the crank plate, and all the cranks of the
patterns inserted therein are caused to move round. The guide screws are
thereby made to work in the female screws.in. the guide-screw plate, and the
crank plate, and the patterns are thereby drawn down and depressed, and the
screw patterns made to screw out and project beyond the holes in the head
plate; by reversing the motion of the handle, the patterns are screwed back
into the machine.

page_text: The manner in which I make screws by my said improved machine is as
follows: There is a moulding head plate, gitted and spreyed in the usual
manner for casting, which is a fac-similie of the head plate in Figure 2,
where the gitting and spreying is shewn, except that the pattern of the
heads are solid and have no holes in them. This plate is placed in the
sand tub, and upon it is placed the iron box E; this box is then filled with
sand, which is slightly pressed; a board is then laid upon the top of the box
in the usual way, and when turned over there will be upon the upper part of
the sand the impressions of the heads of the intended screws, as also of the
gits and sprays. The box E is then placed upon the iron plate C, with the
impressed side upwards. The iron plate C is then rolled under the screwing
frame. By means of the lever G the screwing frame is lowered and pressed
firmly down upon the box E, and there kept steady. Upon this being done
the patterns of the heads of the screws and the gits and sprays upon the head
plate W precisely fit into the impressions in the sand, which have been already
made by the moulding-head plate. The pattern screws are then screwed in
and out of the sand by the operation before described. The screwing frame is
then raised by means of lever G, and the box E is drawn out again, and the
impression of the screws in the sand will be found perfectly-accurate. -A-surfaced
moulding plate of iron is put into the sand tub, upon which another molding
box of the same description as E is placed and filled with sand. A board is then
placed thereon as before upon box E, and the box being turned over, a smooth sur-
face of sand will be found corresponding in size to the surface of box Ę. This
surface is then placed against the impressed surface of the sand in box E, and
they are screwed together with wooden screw clamps, and together form the
mould. The mould is then placed upon its end with the mouth upwards, into
which the hot metal is poured. When the boxes are separated, the screws
will be found perfect, except as to the nick or slit on the heads, which may be
made in the usual way with a circular saw; this I believe to be the preferable
mode of making the nicks in the smaller screws, but I do cast the nicks in
the heads of the larger screws, by having the patterns thereof made in the
surface plate; the nicks for the smaller screws may be cast in the same way if
the manufacturer desire, the screws then may or may not be cleaned up at the
manufacturer's option.
Now I am aware that machinery has been heretofore used for making
moulds for screws and therefore I claim my improvements only which are as
follows,-
1st; the combination of means herein-before described for lowering or
pressing down and raising up of the screwing frame upon and from the box in

page_text: which the sand or other like material is contained, and regulating the range of
action thereof.
2nd; the application and use of the guide-screw plate, and also the
application and use of the guide screw to each pattern.
3rd; the formation of the moulds in the sand or like material, by screwing
the pattern screws into the same. And such my Invention being to the best of
my knowledge and belief entirely new and never before used within that part
of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same; and that
I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in all respects fully
and without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before
recited Letters Patent contained, wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclu-
sive right and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
seventh day of January, One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.

page_text: minster, the Fourth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and forty-one.
MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION entered by the said James Warren with
the Clerk of the Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed. in the
fifth and sixth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the
Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent
for Inventions."
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Fourth day of August, in the fifth year_of_Her_reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me the said James Warren, my
exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said James Warren, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said James Warren, my exors, adiñors, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no, others, from time to time, and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and law;
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IM-
PROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING SCREWS:" and whereas I, the said James Warren,
in pursuance of a proviso in the said in part recited Letters Patent contained;
did cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, under my hand and seal, to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, on the Fourth day.of
February, One thousand eight hundred and forty-two: and whereas, I, the
said James Warren, am desirous for good and sufficient reasons, herein-after
mentioned, to enter a Memorandum of Alteration in the title of the said Ins
vention, and in the said Specification thereof, and have obtained leave of Her

page_text: Majesty's Attorney-General, certified by his fiat and signature, according to
the form of the Statute in such case made and provided.
KNOW YE, THEREFORE, that I, the said James Warren, do hereby alter
the title of the said Invention as follows, that is to say:-
I insert before the word "screws" the words "moulds for casting," so that the
entire title shall run as follows:-" AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MAKING MOULDS
FOR CASTING SCREWS;" and in the description given in the said Specification of
the manner in which the said Invention is to be performed, I alter the same
as follows, that is to say :-I insert at the end of the said description, after the
word option," the words following:-" When the screws cast as aforesaid are
of malleable cast-iron they are to be annealed according to the well-known method
of annealing articles of malleable cast-iron, namely, by imbedding them in
pounded Cumberland iron ore, or other suitable material, then subjecting them to a
strong heat for a considerable time, and afterwoods cooling them gradually down.
And, in the claiming part of the said Specification, I alter the same as follows,
that is to say, in the 2nd claim I leave out the words after "guide-screw plate,"
where the same is first made use of in the said claim, and substitute the fol-
lowing for regulating the action of a number of guide screws worked simul-
taneously, and also the application and use of a number of guide screws
working simultaneously:" And, in the 3rd claim I leave out all the words after
the word "screwing," and substitute the following:-" several pattern screws
simultaneously into the same by means of a guide screw to each pattern, in manner
before described."
And, I, the said James Warren, do hereby declare that my reasons for
making and entering this Memorandum of Alteration are as follows, that is to
to say: I have been advised that the title of my said Invention might be
construed to mean that the same is applicable to all sorts of screws; whereas,
it was intended by me to apply only to such screws as are cast, and to the
making of the moulds for casting the same. And, I have been further
advised that the process of annealing the screws when they are made of mal-
leable cast iron, though forming no part of my Invention, ought to have been
mentioned as forming a necessary part of the process of making malleable
cast-iron screws by my said improved machine.
And lastly, I have been advised that it might be inferred from the claims in
the said Specification, as originally worded, that I did not limit my claim to
the method of making of moulds for casting screws, therein described; whereas,
I did intend strictly to limit myself to the said method.
And I, the said James Warren, hereby further declare that this Memoran-

page_text: dum of Alteration is not such an alteration as will extend the exclusive right
granted by the said Letters Patent.
This is to certify that the above named James Warren, of Montagu Terrace,
Mile End Road, in the County of Middlesex, has applied to me for leave to
enter with you the above written Memorandum of Alteration of part of the
title and Specification of a certain Invention, for which Letters Patent were
granted to him under the Great Seal of Great Britain, dated at Westminster,
the Fourth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and forty-one, and to
which a Specification was duly enrolled: And having considered of the said
application, and no objection having been made to the same, I have accord-
ingly granted leave to the said James Warren to file his said Memorandum of
Alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth years of the
reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entituled "An Act to
amend the Low touching Letters Patent for Inventio
"
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of March, in
the year of our Lord 1843, the aforesaid James Warren came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Memorandum of
Alteration aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Memorandum of Alteration aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-three.