IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah George Jennings, of No. 29, Great Charlotte
Street, Blackfriars, and Robert Davenport, of Jonathan Street, Vauxhall,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR
BURNING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE."
Sealed the 21st November 1854, and dated the 24th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah George Jennings
and Robert Davenport at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th May 1854.
We, JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS, of No. 29, Great Charlotte Street, Black-
friars, and ROBERT DAVENPORT, of Jonathan Street, Vauxhall, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OP KILNS FOR BURNING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of kilns
for burning pottery and other ware, with a view to prevent the smoke passing
into the atmosphere. For this purpose, in the centre or other convenient
part of the kiln is constructed a chamber, which rises to a level with or some-
what above the bottom of the kiln. Into and from this chamber passages
are built in the bottom of the kiln for the passage of air; those passages which
run into the chamber are at their outer ends open to the atmosphere, and are
built into the kiln, so as to obtain as much heat as may be. The air passages
which lead from the chamber pass to the back of the fire-places or furnaces,
where they enter hollow perforated chambers, the perforations being numerous,

page_text: for the passage of numerous streams of heated air therefrom; and these hollow
perforated chambers are fixed beyond the back ends of the fire bars, with
passages around the sides of the chambers, for the passage of the products of
combustion into the kiln; by which arrangement the products of combustion
pass from the fires to the backs of the fire-places or kilus, where they meet
with numerous streams of highly heated air from the front and side faces of
the perforated chamber; and in addition thereto, there are other air passages
built in the kiln, communicating with the open atmosphere, in a manner highly
to heat the passing streams of air; and these streams of air are divided into
numerous small jets, and they are introduced through hollow perforated bricks
or lumps, so as to combine with the products of combustion as they come behind
the perforated chambers, before mentioned, and thus is the perfect combustion
of the products coming from the fuel ensured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Josiah George Jennings and Robert Davenport in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSIAN
GEORGE JENNINGS, of No. 29, Great Charlotte Street, Blackfriars, and ROBERT
DAVENPORT, of Jonathan Street, Vauxhall, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Josiah George Jennings and Robert Davenport, Her special licence that
we, the said Josiah George Jennings and Robert Davenport, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Josiah George
Jennings and Robert Davenport, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
nake, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR BURNING POTTERY AND OTHER WARE,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Josiah George Jennings
and Robert Davenport, by an instrument in writing under our hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was

page_text: to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Josiah George Jennings, on behalf of
myself and the said Robert Davenport, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of kilns
for burning pottery and other wares, with a view to prevent smoke passing
into the atmosphere. For this purpose, in the centre or other convenient part
of the kiln, is constructed a chamber, which rises to a level with or somewhat
above the bottom of the kiln. Into and from this chamber passages are built
in the bottom of the kiln for the passage of air; those passages which run
into the chamber are at their outer ends open to the atmosphere, and are
built into the kiln, so as to obtain as much heat as may be. The air passages
which lead from the chamber pass to the back of the fire-places or furnaces,
where they enter hollow perforated chambers, the perforations being numerous,
for the passage of numerous streams of heated air therefrom; and these hollow
perforated chambers are fixed beyond the back ends of the fire bars, with
passages around the sides of the chambers, for the passage of the products of
combustion into the kiln. By which arrangement, the products of combustion
pass from the fires to the backs of the fire-places or kilns, where they meet
with numerous streams of highly heated air from the front and side faces of
the perforated chamber; and in addition thereto, there are other air passages
built in the kiln, communicating with the open atmosphere, in a manner highly
to heat the passing stream of air; and these streams of air are divided into
numerous small jets, and they are introduced through hollow perforated bricks
or lumps, so as to combine with tho products of combustion as they come
behind the perforated chambers, before mentioned, and thus is the perfect
combustion of the products coming from the fuel ensured.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a vertical section, and Figure 2 a plan in section, of a kiln
constructed at its lower parts suitably for carrying out our Invention. a, a, are
air passages, communicating with the external air and proceeding under the
bottom of the kiln, as shewn; or the air passages may be conducted in any

page_text: convenient direction so as to heat the air passing through them to as high a
degree of heat as possible. And we would state, that air passages, though
differently arranged to those shewn, have before been used under the bottoms
of kilns; we do not therefore claim the same. The air heated in the
passages a, a, or other convenient arrangement for that purpose, is conducted
into a hollow perforated chamber 6, applied to the back of each fire-place or
furnace of a kiln. These hollow chambers 6 are perforated with numerous
holes, as is shown, through which the heated air passes into the flues or passages
c, c, where the heated air meets and mixes with the products of combustion
coming from the fires, and aids in inflaming such products; and the chambers b
will be kept constantly highly heated, and materially aid in heating the air
which passes into them. The red arrows shew the course of the air which
comes into the chambers b. In addition to employing numerous jets of heated
air by means of the chambers b, b, there are other perforations on either side
at d, d, of the flue c', to and through the perforations of which heated air is
admitted, by which further quantities of heated air in streams or jets is sup-
plied to the passing products from the fires. e, e, are air passages leading from
the external air at the sides of the fire-places or furnaces, in the directions
indicated by the blue arrows, and thenco into the hollow perforated sides d, d,
from which the heated air passes in numerous streams or jets into the fluç c',
where the two flues c, c, (to cach fire-place or furnace) join into one.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, we would have it
understood that we do not claim the introduction of heated air to the products
passing from the fires of kilns; but what we claim is, the combination of the
parts b, d, (supplied with air by suitable heated passages) with the fires or
furnaces of kilns for burning pottery and other ware.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah George Jennings, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
WILLIAM TONGUE.
JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS. (L.B.)