A NEW SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE LETTERS PAT
Year: 1882

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 19th day of April 1888, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
LETTERS PATENT to Lucian Gaulard of Montague Place Bedford Square and
John Dixon Gibbs of Bury Street St James both in the County of Middlesex
for an Invention of "A NEW SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE
LETTERS PATENT to Lucian Gaulard of Montague Place Bedford Square and
John Dixon Gibbs of Bury Street St James both in the County of Middlesex
for an Invention of "A NEW SYSTEM OF
PRODUCTION OF LIGHT AND POWER
"
DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lucian Gaulard and
John Dixon Gibbs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th September 1882.
LUCIAN GAULARD of Montague Place Bedford Square and JOHN DIXON GIBBS
of Bury Street St James both in the County of Middlesex "A NEW SYSTEM OF
DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT AND POWER
"
This system consists of the employment of an alternating current produced by
an electro-dynamo machine and determining by its passage through an unlimited
number of induction coils of special construction the creation of induced currents
whose quality and value depend solely upon the construction of the said induction
coils. The currents produced under these conditions are utilised either by lamps
for producing light or by dynamo machines for the production of power.
The principle which is the basis of this system of distribution is the following.
When an electric current approaches or recedes from a circuit of selenoidical form
it determines in this latter a current of induction without in any way modifying
the value of the primary current. Experience shows that the alternation of a
primary current produces an induction current under the same conditions as the
passage and interruption of the same current.
In order to give a clear idea of what is meant we will compare the phenomenon
we have just cited to that which is shown in the working of electro magneto
machines.
In effect in these latter the inductive current is produced (the value of the
magnetic field remaining constant) by the approach to the magnetic poles or the
receding therefrom of the bobbins and experience shows that the value of

page_text: the current produced is in direct proportion to the rapidity of passage or of
revolution.
In the machine of Pixie which was the first constructed the current was
produced by the rapidity with which the poles were alternatively brought before
the bobbin.
In utilizing alternating currents the phenomenon produced in our induction
machines may be compared to that of the machines of Pixie.
This explained it is easy to comprehend the working of our system.
We take an alternating current dynamo machine and constructed in such a
manner that the resistance of the inductor be superior to that of the exterior
current uniting its two extremities. Let us imagine the length of this exterior
current to be 50 kilometers we place (Figure 1) on this circuit at every 500 metres
for example an induction coil constructed in the following manner.
(Figure 2). On a central exciting medium of iron wire is wound a copper wire of
about 003 in diameter perfectly isolated in three rows of superposed spires. On
the cylinder thus formed are placed bobbins rolled on cylinders of cardboard the
extremities of which bobbins may be united either in tension by joining them end
to end or in quantity by joining them in parallel lines. These last mentioned
bobbins constitute the inducted system to whose poles the apparatus of consumption
are attached.
The first wire on the contrary along which circulates the initial current forms
the inductor. But the primary current in passing through this inductor suffers no
other modification than that of the resistance of this inductor.
Hence the currents generated by the 100 bobbins (induction coils) placed on the
circuit will only have changed the value of the primary current to the extent of
the sum of the resistance of their inductors resistance which will be regulated by
the construction of the inducted system of the generating machine.
Under these circumstances it is easy to understand that the number of induction
coils may be indefinitely multiplied on the circuit and that according to the
theory above explained the value of the currents generated will only depend (the
initial alternating current remaining constant) upon the construction of the said
induction coils.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Lucian Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th March 1883.
LUCIAN GAULARD of Montague Place Bedford Square and JOHN DIXON GIBBS
of Bury Street St James both in the County of Middlesex A NEW SYSTEM of
DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT AND POWER
"
This system consists of the employment of an alternating current produced by
an electro dynamo machine and determining by its passage through un-unlimited a
number of electrical generators of special construction the formation of induced
currents of which the quality and the value depend only on the construction of the
secondary coils of the said electrical generators.
The currents generated under these conditions are utilized either by lamps to
produce light or by magneto machines to produce motive power.
The principle which is the basis to this system of distribution is the following.
When an electric current approaches to or recedes from n closed cireuit of
solenoidical form it determines in this latter an induced current without the value
of the primary current being in any way modified; experience shows that the
alternation of a primary current gives rise to an induced current under the same
conditions as the passage and interruption of the said current.
In further explanation we would compare-the phenomenon just-mentioned to
that produced by the working of magneto-electric machines. In effect in these
latter the induced current is produced, the value of the magnetic field remaining
constant by the approaching of the bobbins to and their-receding from the magnetie
poles and experience shows that the value of the current produced is in exact
proportion to the speed of passage or rotation:
In the machine of Pixii which was the first constructed the current was
generated by the rapidity with which the poles were alternatively brought before
the bobbin.
In ntilizing alternating currents the phenomenon produced in our induction
machines may be compared to that produced by the-machines-of-Pixii.
This explained it is easy to understand the working of our system.
We take an alternating current dynamo machine constructed in such a manner
that the resistance of the inducted system ("induit") is greater than that of the
external circuit uniting its two extremities, but we do not use or desire to use
alternating dynamo machines that produce currents other than currents of high tension as
hereinafter firstly claimed.
Let us suppose the length of this circuit equal to 50 Kilometres we place (see
Figure 1) upon it at every 500 metres for instance a secondary generator constructed
in the following manner.
The secondary generator may be constructed as represented in Figure 2.

page_text: Upon a central exciting core of soft iron wire is rolled a copper wire of about
3 millimetres diameter and perfectly insulated in 3 rows of superposed spires.
On the cylinder thus formed are placed bobbins on which a cable is wound composed
of 6 copper wires of half a millimetre in diameter each strand being insulated by
means of paraffined cotton. The ends of the cable of each bobbin are so placed as
to allow of their being grouped for quantity or tension.
These bobbins constitute the secondary coil to the poles of which are fixed the
apparatus of consumption. The first wire, on the other hand, through which the
initial current circulates constitutes the primary coil.
A more powerful generator may be formed by means of several columns of
bobbins arranged in that case vertically in parallel rows.
The secondary coils of these columns are connected with one another by a central
commutator.
Or preferably the following construction is adopted.
A cable (see Figure 3) is composed of a central copper wire of 4 millimetres
diameter perfectly insulated around which are placed parallel to its axis and
completely surrounding it 6 cables each composed of 12 copper wires of half
a millimetre diameter individually insulated with paraffined cotton
insulating material.
or other
This cable is rolled on a hollow cylinder made of wood, for example 50 centimetres
long and 6 centimetres in diameter and each layer of spirals is separated from the
other by 2 cylindrical segments of iron 2 millimetres thick and without contact in
order to avoid the creation of heating Faucault currents.
The extremities of the six fine wire cables are united to a commutator which
allows of their being grouped either in tension or quantity.
The object of this disposition is to utilize the radiating inductive-nction of the
inductor formed by the wire of 4 millimetres placed in the centre of the cable and
to prevent the reaction of the spirale composing the inductor on one another.
The columns formed as above described may be placed vertically on a platform
in the number proportionate to the power it is desired to give to the machine thus
constructed and the extremities of their inductors are connected with a commutator
so as to allow the passage of the primary current through one or more of the
columns.
As is explained above the extremities of the small wires composing the inducted
system ("induit") and on which is gathered the current destined to be employed
are grouped in tension or in quantity so as to vary the tension according to the
requirements of the consumer. Lastly, in the centre of the columns, exciting cores
enable the graduation of the potential of the current generated on the induced
system ("induit").
Now the primary-current in russing through this primary coil is subject to no
other modifiention than that caused by the resistance of this said-primary-coil
hence the currents generated by the hundred secondary generators-placed upon the
eireuit will have changed the value of the primary current only in proportion to the
sum of the resistances of their primary coils which resistunee will be compensate d
in-the-construction of the inducted system ("induit ") of the primary generator.
Under these conditions it is easy to understand that the number of secondary
generators may be indefinitely multiplied upon the circuit and that necording to
the theory explained above the value of the currents generated (the initial-alter-
nating current remaining constant)-will-depend-only on the construction of the
secondary coils of the secondary generators:
From which it results that secondary generators of similar construction-will
give absolutely identical currents capable of being advantageously employed in
telegraphie systems and thus the problem of the suppression of butteries for
telegraphy is solved.
To sum up We claim in accordance with the law.

page_text: characterized by the following points as above explained. The employment of an
alternating current of high tension for the generation on an unlimited a number of
secondary generators of induced currents individually utilized either for the
production of light or motive power.
Second. The system of electric distribution such as is laid down in the foregoing
statement.
Third. The special construction as described of secondary generators designed to
produce this result.
In witness whereof we the said Lucian Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs have
hereunto set our hands and seals this twelfth day of March in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
L. GAULARD
(L.S.)
J. DIXON GIBBS (L.s.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lucian Gaulard of Montague Place Bedford Square and
John Dixon Gibbs of Bury Street St James both in the County of Middlesex
for an Invention of "A NEW SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF LIGHT AND POWER
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lucian Gaulard and
John Dixon Gibbs at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th September 1882.
LUCIAN GAULARD of Montague Place Bedford Square and JOHN DIXON GIBBS
of Bury Street St James both in the County of Middlesex "A NEW SYSTEM OF
DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGHT AND POWER
"
This system consists of the employment of an alternating current produced by
an electro-dynamo machine and determining by its passage through an unlimited
number of induction coils of special construction the creation of induced currents
whose quality and value depend solely upon the construction of the said induction
coils. The currents produced under these conditions are utilised either by lamps
for producing light or by dynamo machines for the production of power.
The principle which is the basis of this system of distribution is the following.
When an electric current approaches or recedes from a circuit of selenoidical form
it determines in this latter a current of induction without in any way modifying
the value of the primary current. Experience shows that the alternation of a
primary current produces an induction current under the same conditions as the
passage and interruption of the same current.
In order to give a clear idea of what is meant we will compare the phenomenon
we have just cited to that which is shown in the working of electro magneto
machines.
In effect in these latter the inductive current is produced (the value of the
magnetic field remaining constant) by the approach to the magnetic poles or the
receding therefrom of the bobbins and experience shows that the value of

page_text: the current produced is in direct proportion to the rapidity of passage or of
revolution.
In the machine of Pixie which was the first constructed the current was
produced by the rapidity with which the poles were alternatively brought before
the bobbin.
In utilizing alternating currents the phenomenon produced in our induction
machines may be compared to that of the machines of Pixie.
This explained it is easy to comprehend the working of our system.
We take an alternating current dynamo machine and constructed in such a
manner that the resistance of the inductor be superior to that of the exterior
current uniting its two extremities. Let us imagine the length of this exterior
current to be 50 kilometres we place (Figure 1) on this circuit at every 500 metres
for example an induction coil constructed in the following manner.
(Figure 2). On a central exciting medium of iron wire is wound a copper wire of
about 003 in diameter perfectly isolated in three rows of superposed spires. On
the cylinder thus formed are placed bobbins rolled on cylinders of cardboard the
extremities of which bobbins may be united either in tension by joining them end
to end or in quantity by joining them in parallel lines. These last mentioned
bobbins constitute the inducted system to whose poles the apparatus of consumption
are attached.
The first wire on the contrary along which circulates the initial current forms
the inductor. But the primary current in passing through this inductor suffers no
other modification than that of the resistance of this inductor.
Hence the currents generated by the 100 bobbins (induction coils) placed on the
circuit will only have changed the value of the primary current to the extent of
the sum of the resistance of their inductors resistance which will be regulated by
the construction of the inducted system of the generating machine.
Under these circumstances it is easy to understand that the number of induction
coils may be indefinitely multiplied on the circuit and that according to the
theory above explained the value of the currents generated will only depend (the
initial alternating current remaining constant) upon the construction of the said
induction coils.

page_text: a millimetre diameter individually insulated with paraffined cotton or other
insulating material.
This cable is rolle! on a hollow cylinder made of wood, for example 50 centimetres
long and 6 centimetres in diameter and each layer of spirals is separated from the
other by 2 cylindrical segments of iron 2 millimetres thick and without contact in
order to avoid the creation of heating Faucault currents.
The extremities of the six fine wire cables are united to a commutator which
allows of their being grouped either in tension or quantity.
The object of this disposition is to utilize the radiating inductive action of the
inductor formed by the wire of 4 millimetres placed in the centre of the cible and
to prevent the reaction of the spirals composing the inductor on one another.
The columns formed as above described may be placed vertically on a platform
in the number proportionate to the power it is desired to give to the machine thus
constructed and the extremities of their inductors are connected with a commutator
so as to allow the passage of the primary current through one or more of the
columns.
As is explained above the extremities of the small wires composing the inducted
system ("induit ") and on which is gathered the current destined to be employed
are grouped in tension or in quantity so as to vary the tension according to the
requirements of the consumer. Lastly, in the centre of the columns, exciting cores
enable the graduation of the potential of the current generated on the induced
system ("induit ").
Now the primary current in passing through this primary coil is subject to no
other modification than that caused by the resistance of this said primary coil
hence the currents generated by the hundred secondary generators placed upon the
circuit will have changed the value of the primary current only in proportion to the
sum of the resistances of their primary coils which resistance will be compensated
in the construction of the inducted system ("induit") of the primary generator.
Under these conditions it is easy to understand that the number of secondary
generators may be indefinitely multiplied upon the circuit and that according to
the theory explained above the value of the currents generated (the initial alter-
nating current remaining constant) will depend only on the construction of the
secondary coils of the secondary generators.
From which it results that secondary generators of similar construction will
give absolutely identical currents capable of being advantageously employed in
telegraphic systems and thus the problem of the suppression of batteries for
telegraphy is solved.
To sum up We claim in accordance with the law.
First. The privilege of exclusively working our process of distribution
characterized by the following points as above explained. The employment of an
alternating current of high tension for the generation on an unlimited number of
secondary generators of induced currents individually utilized either for the
production of light or motive power.
Second. The system of electric distribution such as is laid down in the foregoing
statement.
Third. The special construction as described of secondary generators designed to
produce this result.
In witness whereof we the said Lucian Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs have
hereunto set our hands and seals this twelfth day of March in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
L. GAULARD
(L.S.)
J. DIXON GIBBS (L.S.)

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Lucian Gaulard and John Dixon Gibbs in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th March 1883.
LUCIAN GAULARD of Montague Place Bedford Square and JoHN DIXON GIBBS
of Bury Street St James both in the County of Middlesex A NEW SYSTEM OF
DISTRIBUTING ELECTRICITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OR LIGHT AND POWER
"
This system consists of the employment of an alternating current produced by
an electro dynamo machine and determining by its passage through an unlimited
number of electrical generators of special construction the formation of induced
currents of which the quality and the value depend only on the construction of the
secondary coils of the said electrical generators.
The currents generated under these conditions are utilized either by lamps to
produce light or by magneto machines to produce motive power.
The principle which is the basis to this system of distribution is the following.
When an electric current approaches to or recedes from a closed circuit of
solenoidical form it determines in this latter an induced current without the value
of the primary current being in any way modified; experience shows that the
alternation of a primary current gives rise to an induced current under the same
conditions as the passage and interruption of the said current.
In further explanation we would compare the phenomenon just mentioned to
that produced by the working of magneto-electric machines. In effect in these
latter the induced current is produced, the value of the magnetic field remaining
constant by the approaching of the bobbins to and their receding from the magnetic
poles and experience shows that the value of the current produced is in exact
proportion to the speed of passage or rotation.
In the machine of Pixii which was the first constructed the current was
generated by the rapidity with which the poles were alternatively brought before
the bobbin.
In utilizing alternating currents the phenomenon produced in our induction
machines may be compared to that produced by the machines of Pixii.
This explained it is easy to understand the working of our system.
We take an alternating current dynamo machine constructed in such a manner
that the resistance of the inducted system ("induit") is greater than that of the
external circuit uniting its two extremities.
Let us suppose the length of this circuit equal to 50 Kilometres we place (see
Figure 1) upon it at every 500 metres for instance a secondary generator constructed
in the following manner.
The secondary generator may be constructed as represented in Figure 2.
Upon a central exciting core of soft iron wire is rolled a copper wire of about
3 millimetres diameter and perfectly insulated in 3 rows of superposed spires.
On the cylinder thus formed are placed bobbins on which a cable is wound composed
of 6 copper wires of half a millimetre in diameter each strand being insulated by
means of paraffined cotton. The ends of the cable of each bobbin are so placed as
to allow of their being grouped for quantity or tension.
These bobbins constitute the secondary coil to the poles of which are fixed the
apparatus of consumption. The first wire, on the other hand, through which the
initial current circulates constitutes the primary coil.
A more powerful generator may be formed by means of several columns of
bobbins arranged in that case vertically in parallel rows.
The secondary coils of these columns are connected with one another by a central
commutator.
Or preferably the following construction is adopted.
A cable (see Figure 3) is composed of a central copper wire of 4 millimetres
diameter perfectly insulated around which are placed parallel to its axis and
completely surrounding it 6 cables each composed of 12 copper wires of half