Improvements in Horizontal Coke Ovens
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 13th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 1st Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Horizontal Coke Ovens,
I, FRANZ BRUNCK, of Dortmund, Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists of improvements in or relating to the arrangement of the
heating channels or flues of horizontal coke ovens having vertical wall-heating
channel systems.
In all coke ovens of this kind arranged for extracting bye-
products, the heating of the upper part of the wall and in consequence thereof the
output of the ovens are quite unsatisfactory.
The upper part of the coal charge receives less heat than the lower; the coke
will therefore be less good above and the coking period longer than below. The
output of the oven is in consequence of less value, not only with regard to quality,
but also to quantity, and it will be 50 much the lower, the greater is the difference
between the duration of the coking periods in the upper and in the lower part of
the oven.
The improvements of my invention have for their purpose to ameliorate
11 wall hooting by the following means
A.
In ovens of the said kind having double independent wall-heating channel systems
arranged in each partition wall, and where the upper horizontal connecting channels
were arranged hitherto for the most part above the ceiling of the oven chamber,
these channels are provided below this ceiling.
The accompanying drawing shows this arrangement, by way of example, for
ovens in which the wall heating channels are constructed within the masonary and
the heating takes place from each of the two front sides by one sole-flame and two
wall-flames.
Fig. 1 shews a part cross section through a series of ovens and Fig. 2 shews a
longitudinal section.
By the modified arrangement of the upper connecting channel A, 1 attain
several advantages:
1. The loss of heat by radiation produced by the completely useless, considerable
heating of the masonary above the oven ceiling is reduced to a minimum.
2. The excessive heating of the oven ceiling is avoided, and in consequence
thereof, on one hand the loss of the heat absorbed by the gases filling this space,
and on the other hand the loss of bye-products and of calorific power of the gas,
which results from the highly pernicious overheating of the gas, is also avoided.
3. The particularly large transmission of heat which takes place owing to the
slow and frequently whirling motion of the gas in the relatively large channel, acts
for the most part directly on the coal charge, and increases therefore the wall-
heating in the upper part of the oven in a remarkable degree, also the whirls
naturally produced at the discharge of the vertical channels into the horizontal
channel effect a larger transmission of heat.
4. It results from the above that with the new arrangement of the horizontal
channel A the heat which in the old arrangement was not only spent entirely
uselessly, but acted even in a particularly detrimental manner, is conducted in the
most advantageous way to the upper, hitherto insufficiently heated part of the wall.

page_text: A direct consequence thereof is that in the upper part of the oven a better
quality of coke and a quicker coking is attained and that with respect to quality as
well as to quantity the output of the oven is correspondingly increased.
B.
When, in ovens having vertical, simple or double wall-heating channel systems,
the heating of the sole is essentially to be taken into consideration, the lower part
of the coal charge is heated from three sides, namely from the two side walls and
from the sole it receives therefore an excessive quantity of heat, to the prejudice
of the upper part.
To prevent this inconvenience which as already stated, prejudices very
considerably the output of the oven, the lower layers B¹ of the wall directly above
the sole are made considerably thicker than the higher layers B". At the same
time the partition walls between each two vertical flues in this zone may also be
made thicker.
The essential advantages of this improvement are as follows:
1. Less heat is taken off from the gases in the lower parts of the wall because on
the one hand, owing to the smaller cross section of the channel, the gases pass
through at a greater speed and, on the other hand, owing to the greater thickness
of the wall, the passage of the heat takes place slower and in consequence the
abstraction of the heat less. The gases arrive therefore in a hotter condition to
the upper part of the wall.
2. The whirling which takes place at the passage of the gas from one channel
cross section into the other and which produces an increased transmission of heat, is
for the most part removed to a higher part of the wall.
3. By this arrangement therefore not only a better heating of the upper part of
the coal charge, and in consequence a better quality of coke and quicker coking is
attained, but at the same time the duration of the masonary of the oven is increased,
as the most exposed lower layers of the wall are of greater thickness and remain
therefore for a longer time utilisable.
The construction of the plant is shewn in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 1st day of March 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Horizontal Coke Ovens.
I, FRANZ BRUNCK, of Dortmund, Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of improvements in or relating to the arrangements of
the heating channels or flues of horizontal coke ovens having vertical wall-heating
channel systems.
In all coke ovens of this kind constructed for recovering bye-products, the heating
of the upper part of the wall and in consequence thereof the output of the ovens
are quite unsatisfactory.
The upper part of the coal charge receives less heat than the lower; the coke
will therefore be inferior in quality above and the coking period longer than
below. On that account the output is of less value, regarding both the quality and
the quantity of all the products, and it will be the less, the greater the difference
between the duration of the coking periods in the upper and in the lower part of
the oven.

page_text: A.
In ovens of the said kind having double separated wall heating channel systems
in each partition-wall, and where the upper horizontal connecting channels were
placed, up to now, as a rule above the vault of the oven chamber, these channels
are applied below this vault.
The accompanying drawing shows this arrangement for instance for ovens in
which the wall heating channels are constructed within the masonry, and the
heating takes place from each of the two front sides by one sole flame and two
wall flames.
Figure 1 shows an enlarged cross-section through a series of ovens, taken on the
lines ef and g-h of Figure 2.
Figure 2 shows on the right a longitudinal section through the oven-
chamber R on line a-d and on the left hand side a similar section on the
line a-b-c Figure 1. through a heating channel system of the oven
partition wall.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan on the lines i-k-l-m of Figure 2.
The heating is effected by the sole-flames 27 on the channel-ends beneath the
oven chambers R, and by the wall flames 28 in the wall chanuels 22.
The combustion air enters principally through the channels 10. 11. 17. 18 into
the channels 19, and a further amount of air can be supplied into the channels 22.
On the one way the air is heated in the channels 10. 11. 17. 18.
The air which passes eventually in the other way into the wall channels 22,
can as well be heated in channels or flues within the masonry 29 above
the ovens.
The combustion products from the sole channels 19 pass through the upward
flame-flues 21, into the wall channels 22, and then with the combustion gases of
the wall-channels 22, through the downward flues 23 to the central part 20 of the
sole-channel and from there through the flues 25 and 24 to the chimney.
The channel 24 may be located in different ways and accordingly the flues 25
between its leaving channel 20 and its entering channel 24. To obtain more easily
a proportional distribution of the gases, channel 22 can be furnished with a
partition wall in the centre.
By the modified arrangement of the upper connecting channel A (22) several
advantages are obtained.
1. The loss of heat by radiation produced by the entirely useless considerable
beating of the masonry above the oven-ceiling is reduced to a minimum.
2. The excessive heating of the oven-ceiling is avoided, and in consequence
thereof, on the one hand, the loss of heat absorbed by the gases filling the space
on the other hand, the loss of bye-products and heating power of the gas, which
results from the highly pernicious over-heating of the gas.
3. The particularly large transmission of heat, which results from the slow and
frequently whirling motion of the gas in the relatively large channel A as well as
the heat resulting from the whirls naturally produced at the discharge of the vertical
channels into the horizontal channel A acts for the most part directly on the
coal-charge and intensifies therefore the wall heating in the upper part of the
oven to a remarkable degree.
It results from the above that with the new arrangement of the horizontal
channel A (22) the heat, which was spent in the old arrangement not only entirely
uselessly, but acting even in a particularly detrimental manner, is conducted in
the most advantageous way to the upper, hitherto insufficiently heated part
of the wall.
A direct consequence thereof is that a better quality of coke, and a quicker
coking in the upper part of the oven is attained, and that the output of the oven
regarding quality as well as quantity is accordingly increased.

page_text: B.
In ovens with vertical simple or double wall heating channel systems, heated
principally from beneath the sole, the lower part of the coal charge is heated
from three sides, namely, from the two side walls and from the sole, and receives
therefore an excessive quantity of heat to the prejudice of the upper part.
To prevent this inconvenience, which as already stated, prejudices very con-
siderably the output of the oven, the lower layers B₁ of the wall directly above
the sole are made considerably thicker than the higher ones B". At the same
time the partition walls between the vertical flues in this layer B¹ may also be
thicker than above them.
The essential advantages of this improvement are as follows:-
1. Less heat is taken off from the gases in the lower part of the wall, because on
the one hand, owing to the smaller cross-section of the channel, the gases pass
through at a greater speed and on the other hand owing to the greater thickness
of the wall, the transmission of the heat takes place at a slower and diminished
rate. The gases reach therefore the upper part of the wall in a hotter
condition.
2. The whirling which arises at the motion of the burning gases in both
horizontal and vertical channels, and which produces an increased transmission of
heat, is for the most part removed to a higher part of the wall.
3. By this arrangement therefore not only a better heating of the upper part of
the coal charge, and in consequence a better quality of coke, and quicker coking. is
attained, but at the same time the duration of the masonry of the oven is increased
as the most exposed lower layers of the wall are of greater thickness and can for
this reason do their work for a longer time.
The construction of the plant is shown in the enclosed drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :
1. In horizontal coke ovens having double vertical heating channel systems in
each partition wall, the arrangement of the upper horizontal channels A (22)
connecting the vertical flues below the vault of the oven substantially as set forth
and shown in the accompanying drawing.
2. In horizontal coke-ovens, having vertical simple or double heating channel
systems, the arrangements of walls of the oven-chamber of a greater thickness, or
of vertical flues of a smaller channel-cross-section in the layers B₁ directly above
the sole of the oven, and of walls of smaller thickness, or of channels of larger
cross-sections between the layers B₁ and the upper horizontal channel, substantially
as hereinbefore described and shown in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 13th day of November 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.