Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Bolts or Pins with Spiral or Helical Ribs, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1891.
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1891-Accepted, 18th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by THE RUSSEL AND ERWIN MANUFACTURING
COMPANY, of New Britain, Connecticut, United States of America.]
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Bolts or Pins with
Spiral or Helical Ribs, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of bolts or pins with spiral or helical
ribs or screw-threads and to apparatus therefor.
The hief objects of the said invention are to produce a screw-threaded bolt
having winding ribs or enlargements upon the surface thereof by rolling the same
in dies to facilitate such production and provide improved dies for use in the
manufacture of such bolts.
An important feature of the present invention consists in simultaneously pro-
ducing the screw threads and circumferential enlargement ribs by rolling a metal
bar or blank between dies the said ribs extending or winding more or less around
the circumference of the bolt.
A further important feature consists in providing an improved die having a
grooved portion for rolling the thread and a grooved portion for rolling the more
or less winding circumferential enlargement ribs, the same being arranged side by
side for simultaneously rolling said thread and enlargement ribs.
The invention also comprises other improvements hereinafter set forth.
The present invention relates more particularly to the formation of circum-
ferential enlargement ribs on the body of a screw, screw-threaded bolt or pin as
separate and distinct from a screw thread or threads these enlargements being
raised by a bar or blank between rolling dies. Any ordinary machine for rolling
screw-threads between reciprocating dies may be employed to roll these enlarge-
ment ribs and the screw-threads. An example of a suitable machine for the
purpose is shown in the U.S. Patent No. 419,777 dated January 21st 1890.
The improved bolts are preferably provided with a series of circumferential
enlargement ribs under the head, this being followed by a plain or blank portion
and then a rolled screw thread. The enlargement ribs and the thread are formed
on said bolts by rolling them in dies hereinafter more fully described having a
grooved face or portion that rolls the enlargement ribs and another grooved face
or portion that rolls the screw-thread a plain portion being left on the face of the
die between the said screw-threading portion and the portion that rolls the enlarged
ribs. The manufacture is conducted by placing the blank between a pair of such
dies set face to face and reciprocating the said dies relatively to each other as in
an ordinary machine for rolling screw-threads, said enlargement ribs and screw-
thread being preferably rolled simultaneously at one operation.
In some forms of bolt I dispense with the blank portion between the enlarge-
ment ribs and the screw-thread. Such a bolt is produced by subjecting the blank
to dies having the faces for rolling the enlargement ribs and screw-threads set close
together without any blank space between. In order to bring the enlargement ribs
and screw threads at different relation to each other it is only necessary to set the
respective parts of the dies at the proper distance apart for rolling said portions
or else to roll the thread at one operation and the enlargement ribs at another. A
pin for stove-door hinges may conveniently be provided with a rolled screw thread
and rolled enlargement ribs with a shouldered portion or head between them, and

page_text: a blank space on one end of the pin. The blank may before rolling be of a
uniform diameter from under the head to the end. The blank for the hinge pin
may however be enlarged slightly before rolling at the part where the enlargement
ribs are formed so that the bottom of the spaces between said ribs is substantially
flush with the blank portion of the pin or bolt. This previous enlargement of a
portion of the blank is not necessary, but may be desirable for some purposes.
A pin for stove-door hinges may however be formed according to the present
invention having enlargement ribs rolled on the portion under the head and having
a blank portion but without any threaded portion.
The original size of the wire from which the bolt or pin is made is somewhat
smaller than the greatest diameter of the threaded and ribbed portions. The
enlargement ribs may be made coarse or fine and of more or less depth. They
may, if desired, be raised so high as to make the diameter of the ribbed portion
exceed that of the threaded portion. The enlargement ribs may either extend to
the head or if desired, they may be formed further from the head so as to leave a
blank portion between them and the head. The ribs are inclined so as to extend
somewhat transversely to the axis of the pin or bolt whereby they cover, when
viewed in end view the entire circumference of the bolt or pin and are thus better
centred when driven into a hole. By reason of covering the entire circumference
they are called circumferential ribs, and by reason of their shape the swaging dies
work smoothly and evenly.
I am aware that bolts having a screw-threaded end and a longitudinally fluted
shank under the head are old, and I do not include the same in my present
application.
The improved dies hereinbefore mentioned may be used in any ordinary machine
for rolling screw threads in which two members or halves of a pair of dies have a
relative reciprocation. An example of a suitable machine with which to employ
these dies may be found in the hereinbefore mentioned Letters Patent.
In con-
nection with such a machine I employ a grooved die, for rolling what I term
enlargement ribs on the body of the pin or screw under the head or shoulder
thereof or at any point between said head and the opposite end of the bolt or pin.
This die consists of two members in the form of straight die blocks or pieces of
steel the confronting faces of which are provided with grooves, which, as they
extend across the face of the die, are inclined to the ends of the die or to the axis
of the bolt or pin when it is being acted on by said dies, the ribs or alternate
indentations and projections produced are, therefore, circumferential or spiral ribs,
that is to say, ribs winding more or less around the bolt in contra-distinction to
ribs that are parallel with the axis of the bolt. This grooved portion may extend
across the whole face of the block or die or if. desired it may extend only part of
the way across the face of the same while the adjoining portion on the face of the
die is left plain and of less projection. The dies are placed face to face and are
confined so as to roll the bolt or pin between them under a reciprocating movement
the same as in dies for rolling screw threads.
In combination with dies for rolling the enlargement ribs other dies for rolling
screw threads may be employed, placing the dies side by side thereby forming a
compound die. The screw-threading dies are grooved upon their face for rolling
the screw-thread and in operation the dies for rolling the thread and the enlarge-
ment ribs will act together whereby said threads and ribs will be simultaneously
rolled. The bolts or pins may have any desired form of head or shoulder and the
threads or enlargement ribs may be disposed at any desired position on the pin or
bolt. To produce bolts with a blank space between the rolled enlargement ribs
and screw-threads the screw threading die and the enlargement rib rolling die may
be placed side by side with the edge of the latter die having the plain depression
contiguous to the threading die the width of said blank space or depression
being in this case just equal to the blank space between the threads and enlarge-
ment ribs of the bolt. If a greater space is desired it would only be necessary to
insert suitable strips or blocking between the dies so as to separate the enlargement

page_text: rib rolling die and the thread rolling die the desired distance. The face of the
threading die may be of any desired width and may extend beyond the end of
the bolt.
To produce bolts with the screw-threads and enlargement ribs meeting each
other it is only necessary to place the dies with the thread rolling and enlarging
rib rolling surfaces contiguous.
A convenient pin for stove door hinges may be produced by forming the head or
shoulder between the rolled enlargement ribs and the rolled screw-thread. These
ribs and thread are rolled with dies having a metal strip inserted between the edges
of the same to form a space to accommodate the shoulder, said strip of course,
being of less projection or height than the parts which are to act upon the pin.
The portion of the bolt having the enlargement ribs may be made slightly larger
than the body of the pin, the bottom of the spaces between the enlargement ribs
being substantially flush with the body of the bolt or blank. When such a blank
is operated upon the width of the grooved portion of the dies for raising the
rolled ribs is immaterial provided it is wide enough, or in other words it may
be wider than the length of the enlargement ribs. If on the other hand, the
spaces between the enlargement ribs are deeper than the body of the rod in
consequence of being made upon a blank which has not been previously enlarged
then the die should be made no wider than the length of the enlarging ribs,
or if the die block is wider it should be provided with a plain depressed portion.
Another form of pin for stove-door hinges with enlargement ribs rolled thereon,
but without any screw-thread may conveniently be made from a blank of uniform
diameter under the head, the die block being provided with a plain face or depression
so as to make the portion for rolling the enlargement ribs of a width proportionate
to the length to be produced.
While the dies are preferably formed of separate pieces for convenience of con-
struction and for facilitating the arrangement of them for acting upon different
parts of the bolt or pin, it is of course evident that the dies for special work may
be formed in one piece.
By my improvements I produce rolled enlargement ribs under the head of a bolt
or pin by swaging up said ribs in rolling dies. I simultaneously roll the thread
and the enlarging ribs so that the two may be made by one operation. Inasmuch
as the thread rolling dies form threads which extend transversely around the body
of the screw, they have a continual action on the stock operated upon so that
whatever advantage there may be of this continuous hold upon the stock is utilized
in rolling the enlarging ribs. By uniting the thread rolling and the enlargement
rib rolling dies together a new and useful compound die is formed. By making
the grooves for enlargement ribs extend across the dies on lines non-parallel to the
axis of the bolt being acted on by said dies, it is possible to obtain a better hold on
the work and to cause the dies to move evenly and smoothly.
7
הד
1
1001
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Bolts or Pins with
Spiral or Helical Ribs, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of bolts and pins, and to apparatus
therefor.
The chief object of the said invention is to produce, by rolling, a screw-threaded

page_text: bolt having what I term spiral or helical enlargement ribs, that is to say, spiral or
helical ribs or projections on the shank, which, when the bolt is driven into a hole
formed for its reception in wood, metal or other material, will very effectually
prevent turning of the bolt in the said hole during the operation of screwing the
nut upon the said bolt. The nut can, therefore, be made to tightly fit the bolt, so
that, when screwed upon the same, it will be securely retained thereon without the
necessity for the employment of a lock-nut or equivalent device.
The present improvements are very advantageously applicable to screw-bolts for
securing tires upon wheels. The said improvements are, however, also applicable
to bolts or pins for various other purposes, whether such bolts or pins are formed
with or without screw-threads.
My said invention comprises an improved method of manufacture which consists
in simultaneously forming on a metal rod or blank, an ordinary screw-thread and
the aforesaid spiral or helical enlargement ribs, by rolling the said metal rod or
blank between suitable dies. These dies are constructed or provided with a grooved
portion for rolling the screw-thread and with another grooved portion for rolling
the spiral or helical enlargement ribs, these grooved portions being arranged side
by side or parallel to each other.
Any well-known machine for rolling screw-threads by means of reciprocating
dies, may be employed in forming the aforesaid spiral enlargement ribs and the
screw-threads when such are to be formed. A suitable machine for the purpose is
shown and described in the Specification of the United States Patent No. 419,777
dated January 21st 1890.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fignires 1 and 2 are side elevations of boits (differing only in the shape of the
head) having screw-threads and spiral or helical enlargement ribs produced in
accordance with my invention.
Figure 3 is a plan, and
Figure 4 an end elevation of a compound die constructed according to my inven-
tion and suitable for producing bolts such as those shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figures 5 and 6 are side elevations of bolts having spiral or helical enlargement
ribs that extend from the head to the ordinary screw-threaded portion.
Figures 7 and 8 are a plan and an end elevation respectively, of a compound die
suitable for forming bolts such as those shown in Figures 5 and 6.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of a pin or stud, having a screw-threaded portion on
one side of a collar or head and spiral enlargement ribs on the other side of the
said collar or head, constructed according to my invention.
Figures 10 and 11 are a plan and an end elevation respectively, of a compound
die suitable for rolling the pin shown in Figure 9.
Figure 12 is a side elevation of a pin provided with spiral ribs under the head,
constructed according to my invention, and
Figures 13 and 14 are a plan and an end elevation respectively, of a compound
die suitable for rolling the pin shown in Figure 12.
for
Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the bolts there shown are provided with a series
of spiral enlargement ribs a under the head b, these being followed by a plain
cylindrical portion o and then by a rolled screw-thread k. The spiral enlargement
ribs a and the thread & are formed by rolling the blanks between dies, hereinafter
more fully described, having a grooved face or portion c, Figures 3 and 4, for
forming the spiral enlargement ribs a, and another grooved face or portion
forming the screw-thread k, a plain portion d being left on the face of the die
between the grooved portions c and h. The blank is placed between a pair of such
compound dies set face to face, and the dies are moved longitudinally in opposite
directions so as to roll the said blank and rotate it about its axis. Although I
prefer to form the spiral enlargement ribs and the screw-thread simultaneously or
at one operation, I may, if desired, form them in two operations by separate dies.
In Figures 5 and 6, the spiral enlargement ribs a are shown extending from the

page_text: head of the bolt. to. the screw-thread. Such bolts are produced by rolling the
blank between dies having the grooved portion for rolling the enlargement ribs
and that for rolling the screw-thread set close together as shown in Figures 7
and 8.
Figure 9 shows a pin, applicable specially for stove-door hinges, having a rolled
screw-thread k, and rolled enlargement ribs a, with a shouldered portion, collar or
head between them, and having a plain cylindrical portion o.
The blank may,
before rolling, be of a uniform diameter from under the head to the end, or it may
be enlarged slightly at the part where the enlargement ribs are to be formed, so
that the bottom of the spaces between the said ribs in the finished pin may be
substantially flush with the plain cylindrical portion of the pin, as shown. This
previous enlargement of a portion of the blank is not necessary, but may be desirable
for some purposes.
In Figure 12 I have shown a pin formed with spiral enlargement ribs a under
the head, but without a screw-thread.
The original diameter of the rod, wire or blank from which the bolt or pin is to
be made is somewhat smaller than the greatest diameter of the screw-threaded or
of the ribbed portion of the finished bolt or pin. The enlargement ribs may be
made coarse or fine, and of more or less depth and pitch. They may, if desired, be
raised so high as to make the diameter of the ribbed portion exceed that of the
screw-threaded portion; moreover the said enlargement ribs may either extend
from the head as shown, or, if desired, they may be formed so as to leave a plain
cylindrical portion between them and the head. When a bolt or pin formed with
spiral enlargement ribs as above described is driven into a hole provided for its
reception, the enlargement ribs fit tightly into the said hole and thus ensure the
accurate centreing of the said bolt or pin, and effectually prevent rotation of the
said bolt or pin in the hole, so that a nut can be very tightly screwed upon
the said bolt without any other provision being made for preventing the rotation
thereof.
The dies for rolling the above described bolts and pins are preferably formed in
two parts A, B, each having the form of a straight dic-block or piece of steel the
face of which is provided with grooves. The grooves c of the block A extend
across the face of the die at an angle to the ends thereof, or to the axis of the bolt
or pin when the latter is being acted upon by the said dies. The ribs or alternate
indentations and projections produced by the said dies are therefore spiral. If
desired the grooves may extend only partly across the face of the die A, and the
adjoining portion of the face of the said die be left plain and of less height, as
shown at d, Figures 3, 4, 13 and 14. The block or part B of the die is formed in
a well-known manner and serves to roll the ordinary screw-thread. The die-
blocks A, B, when placed side by side, form a compound die which operates to roll
the ordinary screw-thread and the spiral enlargement ribs simultaneously.
To produce bolts with a plain cylindrical portion between the spiral enlargement
ribs and the screw-thread, as in Figure 1 or Figure 2, the screw-threading die and
the enlargement rib rolling die are placed side by side with that edge of the latter
die having the plain depression d contiguous to the threading die, the width of the
said depression d being equal to the desired length of the said plain cylindrical
portion of the bolt. If this portion is to be of greater length, it is only necessary
to insert suitable strips or pieces of metal or other suitable material between the
die-blocks A, B, so as to keep the grooved portions thereof the desired distance
apart. The face of the screw-threading die-block B may be of any desired width
and may extend beyond the end of the bolt.
To produce bolts with the screw-thread and enlargement ribs meeting each other
as shown in Figures 5 and 6, it is only necessary to place the die-block A, B with
the thread-rolling and the enlargement rib rolling surfaces contiguous, as in
Figures 7 and 8.
For rolling the pin shown in Figure 9, the parts A, B of the die, Figure 10, are
kept apart by a metal strip m so as to form a space to accomodate the shoulder,

page_text: collar or head of the pin, the said strip m being of less height than the parts
which are to act upon the pin. If the portion of the blank on which the enlarge-
ment ribs are to be formed is made slightly larger than the body of the pin, the
width of the grooved portion A of the die may be equal to, or greater than the
length of the portion of the pin to be provided with the enlargement ribs. If, on
the other hand, the blank is not previously enlarged, the width of the die-block A
should not be greater than the length of the ribbed portion of the pin, or if the
said die-block is wider than this, it should be provided with a plain depressed
portion to accomodate the plain cylindrical portion of the pin.
Although the dies are preferably formed or built up of separate pieces for con-
venience of construction and to facilitate the arrangement of the said dies for acting
upon different parts of the blank, it is obvious that the dies may for special work
be formed in one piece.
Inasmuch as the thread-rolling dies form a screw-thread which extends around
the body of the screw, they have a continual action on the blank operated upon, so
that, whatever advantage may be obtained by such continuous hold upon the blank,
is utilized in the rolling of the spiral enlargement ribs. Further, by uniting the
thread-rolling and the enlargement rib rolling dies together, a new and useful
compound die is formed, and, by making the grooves for forming the enlargement
ribs extend across the dies at an angle to the axis of the bolt acted upon by the
said dies, it is possible to obtain a better hold on the work than would be the case
if the grooves in the die were parallel with the axis of the said bolt, and the dies
are thus caused to move evenly and smoothly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it understood
that I am aware that screws having a single screw-thread of small pitch, or having
two or more screw-threads of greater pitch, have been produced by rolling between
dies; therefore do not make any claim in respect of the production of screws or
bolts with spiral or helical ribs designed to serve as screw-threads, except when
such screws or bolts are also provided with the enlargement ribs herein described,
which ribs are separate and distinct from any screw-thread or screw-threads and
perform a very different function; I am also aware that screw-threaded bolts
having a longitudinally fluted shank under the head are old, and I do not make any
claim to such bolts; but I claim :-
First. The manufacture of a pin or bolt (with or without an ordinary screw-
thread) having one or more spiral or helical ribs or projections formed on the shank
by rolling, substantially as, and for the purpose, above specified.
=
Second. In the manufacture of a screw-threaded pin or bolt, the herein described
method or manner of simultaneously producing the ordinary screw-thread and the
spiral or helical enlargement ribs or projections by rolling a metal rod or blank
between suitable compound dies.
Third. The improved compound die constructed substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawings and operating as, and for the purpose, above
specified.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.