IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS."
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hunter, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gentleman,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hunter at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on the
20th December 1858.
I, SAMUEL HUNTER, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in that class of anchors
having oscillating arms, and also to improvements in the stocks, which latter
improvements are applicable to anchors of the ordinary construction.
These improvements consist, as regards anchors having oscillating arms, in
making such arms open or divided in two parts immediately above the palms
or flukes, whereby the earth in front of the palm or fluke is not crushed or
twisted by the arm during the dragging of the anchor, but passes through
the arms and over the upper edge of the palm in a comparitively solid. state,
thereby greatly increasing the hold of the anchor by creating a more perfect
downward pressure. The palm and toggle, or horn are forged in one piece,
and the two parts of the arm are welded one on to each side of the palm,
thereby entirely enclosing it.

page_text: This Invention, as regards the stocks of anchors, relates to a convenient
mode of adapting anchors for stowage or use as spare anchors.
This improvement consists in making the stock in two halves, each half
being jointed by a pin joint to a piece forged on the lower end of the shank,
by which means facility is afforded for readily closing the stock, and bringing
its two halves parallel with the shank.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samuel Hunter in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
June 1859.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HUNTER, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Gentleman, send greeting.
unto me,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
the said Samuel Hunter, Her special license that I, the
said Samuel Hunter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Samuel Hunter, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Hunter, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hunter, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say.
My said Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
the arms and palms of anchors, and consist in enclosing the "palm" at the

page_text: eud of the arm, and making the arm open up to the point of junction with the
shank, for which purpose the arm is divided in two parts, whereby the earth
in front of the palm or fluke is not crushed or divided by the arm during the
dragging of the anchor, but passes through the arm and over the upper edge
of the palm in a comparitively compact and solid state, thereby greatly
increasing the bold of the anchor by creating a more perfect downward
pressure. The arms, palms, and a portion of each toggle or horn may be all
forged in one piece, and the two parts or sides of the arm are so forged one
into each side of the palm, that they thereby enclose it.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation partly in section of an
anchor fitted with oscillating arms and palms, constructed according to my
present Invention; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the same; Figure 3
is a front or inside elevation of one of the arms and palms; and Figure 4 is
a back view of the arms showing the "toggles" or horns and end of shank.
A is the shank of the anchor, which may be of the ordinary square or
rectangular construction, and B, B, are the arms connected by a bolt at C to
the end of the shank in the ordinary manner adopted in the manufacture of
anchors with oscillating arms. These arms are, however, of a peculiar con-
struction, being made in two parts b, b, so as to leave an open space c between
them. The form of the palm D and toggle or horn E are shewn by the
sectional view of one of the palms and horns in Figure 1. The extremities of
the two parts b, b, of the arms are forged one on to each side of the palm D,
thereby entirely enclosing it, and leaving no portion of the palm projecting
beyond the sides of the arms, as will be clearly seen on referring to Figures
2, 3, and 4. The front or inside of the palm is made slightly convex in its
length; it also admits of being set at the most favorable angle, and the curve
of the palm is not liable to be altered in the manufacture by the reverse curve
of the arm.
Figures 5 and 6 of my Drawings represents respectively a side elevation
and end view of an anchor formed with fixed arms constructed according to
my Invention, that is to say, having the arms open from the top of the palms
to the crown end of the shank, and having each palm forged with the arms in
such a manner as to enclose the whole of the palm between the two portions
or sides of the armi, as herein-before described. If found desirable, one or

page_text: more plates may be inserted within the openings in the arms parallel to and
above the palms for the purpose of increasing the friction of the earth whilst
passing through the arms.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
First, the general construction and arrangement of anchors, as herein-before
described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Second, the application and use of anchors wherein the palms are enclosed
within the arms, and a space or opening is left in the arms extending from
the upper edge of the palm to the junction with the shank, as herein-before
described.
Third, forging the arms, palms, and a proportion of the toggles in one piece,
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hunter, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
SAMUEL HUNTER. (L.S.)