Improvements in or applicable to Punching, Shearing, Rivetting, Pressing, or the like Machinery in which Great Power is Concentrated upon the Operating Tool or Appliance.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 4th June, 1891-Accepted, 29th Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Punching, Shearing, Rivetting,
Pressing, or the like Machinery in which Great Power is
Concentrated upon the Operating Tool or Appliance.
I, THOMAS SNAITH, of 20, Swarthmore Terrace, South, Stockton-on-Tees, in
the County of York, Foreman Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows
My invention relates to that class of machines for punching, shearing and
rivetting together metal plates or pressing, in which intense pressure is applied
with a slow and short stroke motion to the operating tool or appliance.
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in those parts of machines
of this class from which the intense pressure required to operate the punch die
or other appliance, such as the follower plate of a pressing machine, is applied,
by a simple combination of parts from which greater mechanical advantage is
obtained in the leverage mechanism than is the case with such leverage mechanism
as at present in use.
A further object of my invention is to improve the construction of punching
and the like machines in several of the details of construction so as to facilitate
the manipulation and adjustment of the plates as required, and more particularly
to provide an automatic feed motion to the twin frames or standards for guiding
the punching mechanism when arranged to punch a plate along both its edges
simultaneously, by which their relative positions are so adjustable that plates with
tapered or curved edges can be punched to various pitches with the same facility
as when the edges are parallel.
Referring to that part of my invention which relates to the leverage mechanism,
I employ what is known as the lever and toggle motion both for punching and
shearing machines in which the maximum of power is required early in the stroke,
and rivetting machines in which the maximum of power is required at the end of
the stroke. In the case of presses or the like machines I prefer to substitute for
the lever and toggle motion what I term a wheel and toggle motion. In the
ordinary lever and toggle motion the links turn upon fixed centres, the power
being obtained by forcing the connecting pin or knuckle joint into a line with the
fixed centres, consequently the motion is greatest and the pressure exerted on the
tool the least at the commencement of the operation in hand, and the power
obtainable from this motion is only developed to the full extent as the tool operated
by it ceases to move.
An example of my improved lever and toggle motion as applied to a punching
or the like machine, in which the maximum power should be exerted early in the
stroke, consists of two toggle arms or links connected together by a knuckle joint,
the lower toggle arm being made in the form of a lever of the first order which
rocks upon a fulcrum provided in the upper part of the guiding frame and near
to the joint or pin connecting the lower toggle arm to the head of the punch
slide; the upper toggle bar instead of rocking about a fixed centre is provided
with a corrugated lead fitting like teeth into corresponding corrugations in the
frame head to enable the point of resistance of the upper toggle arm to advance
with the upward motion of the lever; the lever may be lifted by any suitable
means such as a cam rotated from a cam shaft. By this arrangement of parts,
instead of the knuckle joint being forced into a line with the upper and lower
points of resistance of the toggle arms, the point of resistance of the upper toggle
arm advances with the knuckle joint, and by a proper adjustment of its travel
relatively to the travel of the knuckle joint the original angle between the points

page_text: of resistance of the toggle arms and the knuckle may be kept constant or only
slowly varied in applying power to the tool, with the result that the power applied
and the rate of motion of the tool under pressure may remain constant or only
slowly vary according to the particular design of the leverage mechanism.
My improved leverage mechanism may be modified without departing from this
essential feature in its operation; for instance, the upper toggle arm may be
corrugated at both ends and fit into corresponding corrugations in the lower toggle
as well as in the frame head instead of working upon a knuckle joint, or the upper
toggle may oscillate on a fixed pin and have its lower end corrugated to fit into
corresponding corrugations in the lower toggle arm, the lever being modified by
substituting projections or roller paths on it which work over rollers pivotally
fixed to the frame sides in the place of the fulcrum pivot described in the previous
modifications.
A further modification of this part of my invention which is especially applicable
to hand-power-punches, consists of toggle arms or sectors worked by a pinion, the
upper sector oscillating from a fixed centre and the lower sector rocking upon a
pivot fulcrum in the frame as already described in the first modification of my
improved lever and toggle motion, a pinion working in the upper part of the frame
is geared into the upper sector; at one end of the pinion shaft is a ratchet wheel
and lever to put the punch on, and at the other a crank to apply the hand power.
Another modification specially adapted to a hand-power punch consists in toggle
arms formed in the shape of levers and linked together at the centre by a knuckle
joint, with the lower toggle arm rocking upon a pivot fulcrum as already described
with reference to the first modification of this part of my invention, the upper
toggle having the corrugations which enable the point of resistance to advance in
the manner and for the purpose as hereinbefore described; the levers are operated
by a right and left hand screw or its equivalent.
By connecting the arm of the lever to the piston rod of a cylinder, my improved
lever and toggle motion can be applied to portable rivetting and punching machines
to be driven by water or air.
In the case of a power press I substitute for the above described lever and
toggle motion what term a wheel with toggle motion, in which the rotary motion
of an eccentric is substituted for the rocking motion of a lever. The upper toggle
wheel is fixed eccentrically upon its shaft and gears into the lower toggle wheel,
the eccentric of which is carried on motion blocks which slide backwards and
forwards between horizontal bars; as the toggle wheels rotate an intense pressure
is imparted to the follower plate of the press, which is alternately forced down and
lifted up again in the usual manner. This wheel and toggle motion can also be
applied to other machines, say to a shearing machine.
In carrying out my invention to enable a punching machine fitted with feed
motions or self-acts to punch lengthways at various pitches and to feed or self-act
the frames or standards which carry the punching mechanism in or out to suit a
taper or curve as required and to otherwise manipulate the plate with facility, 1
construct the machine with a rectangular bedplate having a screw shaft underneath
extending the full length thereof for actuating the cross-rests which are provided
in the usual manner to secure the plates when punching; this screw shaft passes
through a half-nut put in or out of gear by a hollow shaft with eccentric on pinion
shaft. In a transverse position to this bedplate I provide twin standards or frames
which are adjustable backwards or forwards in grooves on the bedplate, these
standards or frames carry the punching mechanism and have a first motion shaft
secured thereto and provided with fast and loose pulleys, bevel pinions, and flywheel;
this shaft is provided with a boss or sleeve on bevel pinion which extends through
the bearing with flywheel keyed onto same, the said pinion having a feather key
which works in a groove in the shaft, the whole arrangement being intended to
allow the frames to stand apart at any required distance. A second motion shaft
is driven from the first by being provided with a bevel wheel and spur pinion, and
a third motion shaft which may be termed the cam shaft operates the punching

page_text: mechanism. In order to enable the frames or standards to slide in or out, I provide
on the cam shaft a cam which engages with a rod working in the guides on the
frames and provided at the top with a head piece which encloses the cam and at
the bottom end a straight slot or link of such a length to suit the travel of the
frames when working in or out; to this rod is connected a radius link or quadrant
and rod which give an intermittent motion to a ratchet wheel from which it is
transmitted to a shaft on which are arranged bevel pinions and clutch geared into
a bevel wheel on a screw shaft which engages with a nut and crossbar bolted to
the frame so that the punching frames may travel backwards and forwards
automatically, a double lever or bell crank is provided to regulate the change of
speed. The feed motion for actuating the cross rests is as follows:-A rod also
attached to the double arm with radius link or quadrant gives an intermittent
motion to a ratchet wheel on a first motion shaft, which is fitted with spur wheels of
different sizes to suit the pitch of the holes; this first motion shaft gears into an
intermediate shaft with a spur wheel and spur pinion and then drives the screw
shaft by means of a spur pinion. The first motion and intermediate shafts are
furnished with sliding bearings or quadrants to suit the different sizes of spur
wheels provided for changing the speed. Racks are also provided to the side of
the bedplate into which the spur wheels and pinions secured to the cross rests are
geared to be driven by hand in any suitable manner.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1890.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or applicable to Punching, Shearing, Rivetting,
Pressing, or the like Machinery in which Great Power is
Concentrated upon the Operating Tool or Appliance.
I, THOMAS SNAITII, of 20, Swarthmore Terrace, South, Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of York, Foreman Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to that class of machines for punching, shearing and
rivetting together metal plates or pressing, in which intense pressure is applied with
a slow motion to the operating tool or appliance.
My invention effects improvements in those parts of machines of this class from
which the intense pressure which is to be exerted on the operating tool or appliance
such as the punch, shearing blade or follower plate is derived, and consists in the
particular combination of parts by which a more effective application of power is
obtained in the leverage mechanism.
My invention also comprises several improvements in detail of construction which
are more especially applicable to punching machines by which a transverse auto-
matic feed or self-acting motion can be applied to the frames or standards for
carrying the punching mechanism simultaneously with an automatic lateral feed or
self-acting motion of the plate under treatment, by which plates with tapered or
curved edges can be punched to any required pitch with the same facility as plates
with parallel edges which require a lateral feed only.
That part of my invention which relates to the leverage mechanism consists of
improvements in applying what is known as the lever and toggle motion, and is
applicable with advantage to various machines such as punching and shearing
machines in which the maximum of power is required early in the stroke, and
rivetting machines in which the maximum of power is required towards the end of
the stroke. In the case of presses in which the pressure is distributed over a
greater area or of shearing machines which take a long cut. I prefer to modify
the lever and.toggle motion into a wheel and toggle motion. In the ordinary lever

page_text: and toggle motion two links are hinged together by a pin or knuckle joint, one of
which turns upon a fixed centre and the other upon a moveable centre, the power
being obtained by opening out the angle between the links, consequently the
motion or travel of the operating tool or appliance is greatest and the leverage is
weakest at the commencement of the operation in hand, which leverage only attains
to its full power as the tool operated by it reaches the limit of its stroke. This is
found to be an unfavourable feature in the leverage mechanism in question and is
due to a too great variation in the angle between the three principal points of
resistance as the operating tool or appliance is making its stroke, which points of
resistance in ordinary toggles are the said centres upon which the links turn and
the connecting pin or knuckle joint between them.
An important feature of my invention consists in combining the parts constituting
the leverage mechanism in a manner which admits of a controlable variation in the
angle representing the positions of the said points of resistance, which combination
of parts admits of considerable modification without departing from the nature of
my invention, as for instance, for some machines a wheel and toggle motion may be
substituted with advantage for the lever and toggle motion which is better adapted
for other machines.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing the same may
be clearly understood and carried into effect, I hereunto append five sheets of
drawings illustrating various modifications of my improved leverage mechanism in
combination with machines of certain kinds to which it is considered advantageously
applicable. I also append a sixth sheet of drawings for the purpose of illustrating
more particularly the self-feeding and other devices as constructed and arranged in
accordance with my invention for punching both edges of a plate simultaneously
whether the edges are parallel, tapered or curved.
In these drawings the same letters of reference indicate the same or corresponding
parts in all the figures. Figure 1 illustrates my improved lever and toggle motion
fitted up in combination with the operating mechanism of a punching machine.
Figures 2, 3, 4, and 6 are modifications of the same lever and toggle motion
illustrated in detail to a larger scale, and Figure 5 illustrates in plan the head
of a toggle lever with an alternate arrangement of toggles to divide the pitch.
Figure 7 is drawn to illustrate by diagram the amount of variation in the angle
representing the positions of the points of resistance in the lever and toggle motion
corresponding to the motion of the operating tool when constructed and applied
according to my invention and in what way this said variation is controlable. It
is essential that this part of my invention should be clearly understood, as the
mechanical principle involved applies to all the modifications of my improved
leverage mechanism as illustrated by way of example and hereinafter described.
In Figure 7 an arm or lever A. operates the links or toggle levers B B which
are hinged together at the pin or knuckle joint C. It will be observed that the
arm A extends from and forms part of the lower toggle lever B' in the form of a
lever of the first order which works on a fulcrum D provided in the frame of
the machine near to the joint or pin E, which is a joint or hinge connecting the
leverage mechanism with the punching or other operating tool. The leverage
mechanism may be put in motion by the action of a cam or other suitable means.
The upper lever Be is furnished with a corrugated head forming what I term toggle
teeth which engage with or fit into other toggle teeth which are similarly
formed and secured to the frame of the machine. Taking ƒ ƒ³ ³ as a
series of successive points of resistance of the lever B, when the lever mechanism
is set in motion with c¹² e³ &c., and e¹ e e³ &c., as the corresponding positions of
the pins C and E respectively, it will be observed that the angle representing the
relative positions of the three points of resistance will take its form from the
manner in which the point of resistance along the toggle teeth F F advances
relatively to the pin C, consequently the substitution of toggle teeth for a fixed pin
for the lever B to work on affords a means for controlling the pressure exerted on
the operating tool which pressure may be uniform or variable in any manner

page_text: required by adjusting the pitch or construction of the toggle teeth accordingly. In
Figure 7 as shown by the dotted lines the toggle teeth are constructed in pitch and
motion to afford only a slight variation in the angle representing the points of
resistance and consequently an equally slight variation in the power of the leverage
as motion is imparted to the operating tool or in its rate of motion relatively to the
leverage mechanism; when the points of resistance in the toggle teeth advance
more slowly than the pin C, the power of the leverage on the operating tool
increases and similarly when the said points of resistance advance more quickly
than the pin C, the power of the leverage on the operating tool decreases.
My improved leverage mechanism may be modified without departing from this
essential feature in its operation as illustrated in Figure 2, in which the upper
toggle arm B is corrugated at both ends and fits into corresponding corrugations
in the lower toggle arm B' as well as in the frame head, instead of working upon a
knuckle joint, the lever being modified by substituting projections or reaction
plates D which work over friction rollers D³, which are pivotally attached to the
frame of the machine in the place of the fulcrum pin D or knuckle D' as described
with reference to the Figures 1, 2, 4, and 6. In Figures 4 and 5, a finer pitch of
the toggle teeth is obtained without reduction in strength of the parts in contact by
constructing the toggle teeth at the centre to alternate with similarly pitched
toggle teeth at each side in a manner which is sufficiently clear from Figures 4
and 5 to require no further description. The motion of the operating tool or
appliance in machines of the class to which my invention more especially refers is
strictly limited to a straight line which usually takes the direction of a vertical
stroke, consequently when the lever B works upon a fulcrum D, provision must
be made for the said lever to work about its fulcrum without tendency to produce
any curvature in the motion of the pin or joint E. This I propose to effect by
providing a loose fit of the lever B₁ about the pin D or about the knuckle D' or by
providing a double knuckle fulcrum D₁ D' and sockets so that the point of contact
upon which the lever works can advance or recede from one socket to the other as
illustrated in detail in Figure 6.
From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings, it will be seen that I have provided a simple, compactly arranged and
powerful leverage mechanism which can be easily combined with the operating
tools of punching and various other machines, examples of which are illustrated in
the drawings and which I will now proceed to describe. In Figure which
illustrates a standard of a punching machine embodying my other improvements
and which will be more fully described hereafter, my lever and toggle motion is
combined with the operating parts of the punching machine, which operating parts
consist in this case of the upper punch slide K, lower punch slides K' K² cach of
which controls a punch, the usual tumblers K K for putting the punches in or out
of action independently of the driving motion, and the retaining pins K³ Kall
combined and operating together in the usual or any suitable manner.
Figures 8 and 9 are corresponding views of a hand-power punch constructed in
accordance with my invention, in which the toggle arms 131 132 take the form of
sectors and are worked by a pinion G geared to a circular extension G¹ of the
upper toggle lever 132 as a substitute for the arm A as described with reference to
Figure 1. The fulcrum D is in this case dispensed with as in Figure 3, but can
be included if required, but in this case a plate D2 projects from each side of the
frame upon which the rim of the lower sector B' slides in the manner shown.
one end of the pinion shaft H is a ratchet wheel Hand lever H2 to put the punch
on; and at the other end H3 of the shaft a crank handle fits on to apply the hand
Dower.
At
Figure 10 illustrates my improved leverage mechanism as part of another form
of hand-power punch in which both the toggle bars 13 B2 are provided with lever
rms a¹ a² to which power is applied by turning a right and left hand screw .J in the
nanner shown.

page_text: Figures 11 and 12 illustrate my improved leverage mechanism as forming part
of portable rivetting and punching machines respectively to be driven by water or
air by connecting the lever arm A direct to the piston rod of the cylinder. Where
the stroke of the operating tool is considerable as in the case of a rivetting
machine, I provide a double knuckle fulcrum D' D' for the said lever to work upon
as illustrated in Figure 11, and where the stroke of the operating tool is short as
in a punching machine, the arm A works upon a knuckle or a loose fitting fulcrum
pin D as illustrated in Figure 12.
In the case of a machine such as a power press or shearing machine of large size
to which the above described lever and toggle motion cannot be conveniently
applied on account of the greater length of stroke and distribution of the pressure,
I substitute for this form of leverage what I term a wheel and toggle motion in
which the rotary motion of an eccentric is substituted for the rocking motion of a
lever. This modification of my improved leverage mechanism is illustrated in
Figures 13 and 14 as part of a power press, and in Figures 15 and 16 as part
of a shearing machine. Referring to Figure 17, which illustrates my wheel and
toggle motion apart from the machine to which it belongs, it will be observed
that the upper toggle wheel B is mounted eccentrically upon its shaft L², its
motion being that of a simple eccentric. This toggle wheel B2 gears into the
lower toggle wheel 13', the eccentric L¹ of which is also eccentrically mounted on
bearing pins M fitting into motion blocks M' which slide backwards and forwards
between motion bars M2 to accomodate the eccentric rotation of the toggle wheels to
the straight line motion of the operating appliance. The travel of the operating tool
or appliance will of course vary with the amount of eccentricity in the motion of the
toggle wheels in accordance with the well known conditions of a combined eccentric
and reciprocating motion. The toggle teeth F are constructed entirely with a view
to transmitting intense pressure and take the form of deep corrugations; as this
intense pressure is not exerted in the upward or outward stroke of the machine
a section only of the circumference of each toggle wheel will be furnished with
toggle teeth, whilst the remaining section is preferably furnished with ordinary
teeth N. Taking that diameter of each toggle wheel which is also a diameter
of its eccentric shaft, a line O O, drawn parallel and near to this diameter would
determine the limits of the two sections into which the circumference is thus
divided, the toggle teeth section being in slight excess of the half circle as
shown in Figures 13 and 16. The general construction of a power press,
shearing or other machine to which my wheel and toggle leverage is applied is
not essential to my invention, and the machines illustrated in Figures 13 to 16
are to be taken as examples only of machines to which this part of my invention
is applicable.
I will now proceed to describe my improvements in those details of construction
in punching machines by which an automatic transverse feed or self-acting motion
is applied to the frames or standards which carry the punching mechanism simul-
taneously with an automatic lateral feed or self-acting motion of the plate under
treatment by which plates with tapered or curved edges can be punched with the
same facility as plates with parallel edges which of course require a lateral feed
only. The following is a general description of a punching machine which is
complete in all its parts and which combines with my improved leverage mechanism
and my other improvements for applying a transverse and lateral feed simul-
taneously, other features which are not novel in themselves and may be constructed
or fitted together in any manner suitable for the purposes of my invention, a
convenient arrangement being shown in the drawings and hereinafter described for
the purpose of enabling my invention and the manner of carrying it into effect to
be clearly understood. In the sheet of drawings appended to illustrate this part
of my invention, Figure 18 illustrates in plan a punching machine embodying all
my improvements. Figures 19 and 20 are corresponding end and side views
respectively. Figure 21 is a sectional view taken on line X X of Figure 18, and

page_text: Figure 22 is an enlarged sectional view taken on line 1 1 of Figure 21. Figures 23
and 24 are detailed views of the feed motion and its connections with the motion
shafts. The rectangular bedplate Phas a screw shaft Q underneath extending
the full length thereof; the screw shaft Q passes through boxes R' which extend
downwards and form part of the crossrests R; each of these boxes R' is furnished
with a half-nut R2 which is controlled in its position by a cam R³ which puts it in
or out of contact with the screw shaft Q by means of a hollow shaft S with which
the eccentric R³ is a fixture and the lever handle S¹ for turning same the function
of this contrivance is to apply a lateral feed to the plate to be punched by screwing
the crossrests R along the bedplate P. The crossrests R are separately adjustable
in position on the bedplate P by means of the pinions and spur wheels TT T³, of
which T gears into the rack T which runs along either side of the bedplate l'as
shown in Figure 20. A transverse feed is applied to the twin frames or standards U
by means of the screw shafts Q' and screw boxes Q2 in the manner hereinbefore
described. These standards or frames carry the punching mechanism and motion-
shafts. A first motion shaft V, with fast and loose pulleys v, bevel pinions ², and
flywheel, all of which are clearly shown in position in Figure 18, drives the
second motion shafts Viby gearing the bevel wheels v into the bevel pinions el v².
Each second motion shaft V is geared into a third motion or cam shaft V2 which
operates the punching mechanism, by rotating the cam V³. The return motion of
the lever A may be controlled by a return motion cam V working in a frame
attached to the lever A in the manner shown in Figure 7 but omitted for clearness in
Figure 1. It must however be understood that any suitable mode of controlling
the said return motion of the lever may be used. It is essential that the first
motion shaft V keep in gear with the second motion shafts V₁ as they move in and
out with the twin frames U upon which they are mounted. To effect this one of
the bevel pinions 2 is furnished with a long boss or sleeve extending through the
shaft bearing far enough to key the flywheel to same, the said pinion having also a
feather key which works in a groove in the shaft V so that the said pinion can
slide along its shaft but both must rotate together. By means of a cam W at the
end of each third motion shaft V2 connected and operating with the usual arrange-
ment of sliding bars, levers, pawls, and ratchet wheels, the rotary motion of the
third motion shafts V2 can be made available for simultaneously applying a lateral
feed to the plate on the crossrests, and a transverse feed to either or both of the
twin frames U. Suitable mechanism to effect this is shown in the drawings, and
consists of sliding bars working in gnides el on the frames. Each sliding bar w
is furnished at the upper end with an open headpiece w² to embrace the cam W and at
the lower end with a slotted link w³ by which it is connected slot and pin fashion
with a bell crank lever a, one arm of which is in the form of a radius link or
quadrant. The combined action of the bar y lever y', and pawl y communicates
the vibrations of the bell crank lever to the ratchet wheel y in the well known
form of applying an intermittent feed to the screw shaft Q; provision being made
to graduate the speed of the feed motion by motion shafts on sliding carriages and
gearing of the kind illustrated in Figures 23 and 24 which is too well known
to require description. Similarly the combined action of the bar Z lever Z, and
pawl communicate the vibrations of the same bell crank levere to the
ratchet wheel Z3 and apply an intermittent feed to the screw shafts Q' provision
being made to graduate the speed by adjusting the point of connection of the
bar Z with the quadrant c'. The direction in which each feed is applied will be
reversible by reversing the pawls y, or in the case of the transverse feed the
well known clutch and double pinion arrangement may be used as shown in
Figures 18 and 20.
It must be understood that I attach no special importance to the particular
arrangement of those parts which are not novel in themselves as they are capable
of many modifications by which they are adapted to various machines and have
been described by way of illustrating a convenient manner of using them in
combination with and for the purposes of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:—
Firstly In the construction of punching shearing, rivetting, or the like
machines in which the intense pressure on the operating tool or appliance is
concentrated upon an operating tool or appliance of small dimensions, the use of
leverage mechanism, constituting a lever and toggle motion in which one or more
joints of the toggles are furnished with toggle teeth in substitution of toggle pins,
substantially as and for the purpose as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 to 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly-In combination with my improved lever and toggle motion, the use
of a fulcrum for the lever arm toggle bar to work upon, consisting of a slack
fitting pin D or a single or double knuckle D¹ D' or reaction plates D² and
rollers D³, as and for the purpose as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1 to 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly The particular construction of a hand punch in which the toggle
arms take the form of sectors as shown in Figures 8 and 9 to which hand power is
applied by a crank and pinion, substantially as described.
Fourthly: The particular construction of a hand punch in which both the
toggle bars are provided with lever arms to which power is applied by turning a
right and left hand screw, substantially as described with reference to Figure 10.
Fifthly: The construction of a portable rivetting or punching machine in which
the power is applied to my lever and toggle motion from the piston rod of a
hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder, substantially as described and illustrated with
reference to Figures 11 and 12.
-
Sixthly In the construction of power presses, and shearing machines designed
to take a long cut, or the like machines in which intense pressure is exerted upon
an operating tool or appliance of considerable dimensions and length of stroke, the
use of leverage mechanism constituting a wheel and toggle motion in which toggle
teeth are furnished on the periphery of toggle wheels which are rotated eccentrically
in combination with sliding blocks to accommodate the eccentric rotation of the
leverage mechanism to the straight line motion of the operating tool, all combined
and operating together, substantially as described with reference to Figures 13 to 17
of the accompanying drawings.
:
Seventhly The construction of power presses in which the power is applied
through my wheel and toggle motion to the platten or follower, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 14, 15 and 17.
Eighthly The construction of shearing machines in which the power is applied
through my wheel and toggle motion to the moveable shear blade, substantially as
described with reference to the Figures 15, 16 and 17 of the accompanying
drawings.
Ninthly The construction of punching machines in which a transverse feed is
automatically applied to the punch or to twin punches simultaneously with a
lateral feed applied to the plate to be punched so that plates with tapered or
curved edges can be punched to a given pitch along one or both edges with the
same facility as plates with parallel edges, substantially as herein before described
with reference to Figure 1 and Figures 18 to 24 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of June 1891.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant.