An Improved Candle Extinguisher.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 11th Dec., 1893-Accepted. 10th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Candle Extinguisher.
I, FREDERICK SAMUELSON, of 32, Victoria Street, in the City, and County, of
Westminster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved candle extinguisher which automatic in
its action, that is to say, it operates automatically to put out the light when the
candle has burned down to a level previously determined on.
My improved candle extinguisher is very simple in construction, and consists
of very few parts, three being usually sufficient, although I do not confine myself
to this particular number. It can be manufactured easily and cheaply by stamping
from sheet metal, preferably sheet steel, which can be suitably tempered so that
parts thereof as will be hereinafter explained may act efficiently as springs.
My said extinguisher is adapted to clip the candle and to be moved up and down
thereon as desired.
An important feature of my invention relates to the cap or hood for extinguishing
the light, which cap or hood is combined with the clip in such a manner that it
does not require to be lifted separately, but is raised simultaneously with the
opening of the jaws of the clip when the said clip is operated in the usual manner
to place it on the candle or to move its position thereon.
In carrying my invention into practice I construct from sheet steel or other
suitable metal a clip formed preferably in two parts which are hinged together and
have jaws adapted to embrace the candle. I provide the tail end of one or of both
of the said parts with a tongue or tongues which operate as springs to press the
said tail ends apart and thus close the jaws of the clip with a suitable pressure
upon the candle. To one of said parts of the clip hinge, by a suitable arm,
a cap or hood in such a manner that it will when lowered cover the top of the
candle, and when raised will be clear of the candle. I preferably provide a light
spring which tends to depress the cap or hood. The arm of the cap we provide
with a tail piece, and I form on the tail end of the other part of the clip a cam
like projection so constructed that when the tail ends are squeezed, for the purpose
of opening the jaws of the clip, the said cam like projection engages with the tail
end of the aforesaid arm of the cap and operates to raise the cap. When the
tail ends of the clip are released the cam recedes and the cap is thus allowed
to fall.
I provide, however, for preventing the fall of the cap or hood so long as the
clip is engaged with a firm part of the candle as follows, that is to say, I form one
of the jaws of the clip with an internally projecting spring, one part of which
when pressed back is adapted to engage with and lock the tail end of the arm of
the cap and so maintain the cap in the raised position. This spring is pressed
back in the desired manner by the candle when the clip is placed thereon.
The operation of my improved extinguisher is as follows; that is to say, the
clip is placed on the candle in a position below which it is desired the candle shall
not burn. As soon as the wax has been consumed down to the beforementioned
spring within the jaws of the clip, the said spring, being no longer restrained,
moves forward, and thus releases the tail of the arm of the cap or hood, whereupon
the said cap descends and puts out the light.

page_text: I sometimes combine with my improved extinguisher a stand for carrying a
shade. Such stand may be suitably supported in an eye piece secured to or
formed in the clip.
Dated this 10th day of March 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Candle Extinguisher.
I, FREDERICK SAMUELSON, of 32 Victoria Street, in the City and County of
Westminster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained,
in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to an improved candle extinguisher which is automatic in
its action, that is to say, it operates automatically to put out the light when the
candle has burned down to a level previously determined on.
My improved candle extinguisher is very simple in construction and consists of
very few parts, three being usually sufficient, although I do not confine myself to
this particular number. It can be manufactured easily and cheaply by stamping
from sheet metal, preferably sheet steel which can be suitably tempered so that parts
thereof as will be hereinafter explained may act efficiently as springs. My said
extinguisher is adapted to clip the candle and to be moved up and down thereon as
desired.
An important feature of my invention relates to the cap or hook for extinguishing
the light, which cap or hook is combined with the clip in such a manner that it
does not require to be lifted separately, but is raised simultaneously with the opening
of the jaws of the clip when the said clip is operated in the usual manner to place
it on the candle or to move its position thereon.
In carrying my invention into practice I construct from sheet steel or other
suitable metal a clip formed preferably in two parts which are hinged together
and have jaws adapted to embrace the candle. I provide the tail end of one or
of both of the said parts with a tongue or tongues which operate as springs to
press the said tail ends apart and thus close the jaws of the clip with a suitable
pressure upon the candle. To one of said parts of the clip I hinge by a suitable
arm a cap or hood in such a manner that it will when lowered cover the top of the
candle, and when raised will be clear of the candle. I preferably provide a light
spring which tends to depress the cap or hood. The arm of the cap I provide
with a tail piece, and I form on the tail end of the other part of the clip a can
like projection so constructed that when the tail ends are squeezed for the
purpose of opening the jaws of the clip the said cam like projection engages with
the tail end of the aforesaid arm of the cap and operates to raise the cap. When
the tail ends of the clip are released the cam recedes and the cap is thus allowed
to fall.
I provide, however, for preventing the fall of the cap or hood so long as the clip
is engaged with a firm part of the candle as follows, that is to say, I form one of
the jaws of the clip with an internally projecting spring, one part of which when
pressed back is adapted to engage with and lock the tail end of the arm of the
cap and so maintain the cap in the raised position. This spring is pressed back in
the desired manner by the candle when the clip is placed thereon.
I sometimes combine with my improved extinguisher a stand for carrying a
shade. Such staud is preferably supported in an eye piece secured to or formed in
the clip.

page_text: In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which,
Figures 1 and 2 are side views shewing my improved extinguisher combined with
a supporter for a candle shade and in position on a candle, Figure 1 shewing the cap
raised and Figure 2 shewing the same lowered.
Figures 3 and 4 are plans of Figures 1 and 2 respectively, part of the shade
support being removed.
Figures 5 to 9 are detail views hereinafter explained.
Figure 10 is a view drawn to a smaller scale of a candlestick with a candle and
my improved extinguisher and shade in position thereon.
Like letters denote similar parts in all the drawings.
The improved extinguisher shewn is formed of three pieces of sheet metal A, B, C
stamped in the shapes shewn in Figures 5, 6 and 7. Two of said pieces A and B
Figures 5 and 6 form the clip for embracing the candle and the third piece C
Figure 7 forms the cap or extinguisher proper. After the pieces are stamped in
the form shewn various portions thereof are bent and turned as shewn in Figures
and 9 which are edge views of Figures 5 and 6 respectively. The projections a, a¹
and b, are united by pivot pins d d as clearly shewn in Figures 1 to 4 so that the
parts A, B can be moved relatively to each other when desired to open and close
the jaws a, b to allow of adjustment on the candle. The tongues a³, 3 form
springs to press the tail ends of the pieces A, B apart and close the jaws with a
suitable pressure. The third piece of metal C is further treated and bent to the
shape shewn in Figures 1 to 4, the part e forming the cap or extinguisher proper.
The projecting part el is folded down so as to embrace the projection a* to which
it is pivoted by the pin e. The part is formed with a cam portion adapted to
press on the edge c² of the piece C and so lift the extinguisher to the position shewn
in Figures 1 and 3 clear of the candle, when the jaws a², b² are opened by squeezing
the tail ends of the pieces A and B together. The projection & slides in and out of
the slit as in the part A, and is thereby prevented from bending up or down while
operating the cap. The projection a' is arranged to form a spring which presses
on a projection of the piece C and so tends to depress the cap c when in its
raised position.
The tongue a forms an internally projecting spring and has a portion a at
the end thereof bent back which engages with the tail end c¹ of the piece C
and maintains the cap in a raised position as long as said spring is pressed out by
engagement with a hard part of the candle as shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The
candle shade support F is carried by an upright stem f the end of which is received
into recesses formed by bending portions 66, 6 of the part B.
The operation of my improved extinguisher is as follows, that is to say, the
extinguisher is secured on the candle by means of the jaws a², 12 in a position
below which it is desired the candle shall not burn. While the extinguisher is
being adjusted the cam part & maintains the cap c in a raised position as aforesaid.
When the extinguisher is in position, the spring a' by means of its bent part a
operates to maintain the cap in a raised position as shewn in Figures 1 and 3,
notwithstanding slight variations in the distance apart of the jaws. When the
candle has burnt down so far that the wax on becoming soft no longer restrains
the spring A', said spring moves in and releases the cap which at once falls
owing to pressure of spring a and puts out the light as shewn in Figures 2 and 4.
It is seen that my improved extinguisher may be used with varying sizes of candle,
owing to the fact that the descent of the cap is regulated by the spring a' the action
of which does not depend on the position of the jaws a², 62. Moreover the action
of said spring is sudden which obviates any uncertainty in the action of the device
whereby the light might be only partially extinguished and the cap, smoked and
blackened.
My improved automatic extinguisher effectually prevents any danger of the shade
which is often used as shown in Figure 10 becoming ignited when the candle has
burnt down so far as to allow the jaws of the clip to approach each other and permit

page_text: said shade to fall on the candle flames. This is an accident which has often happened
and is entirely obviated by the use of my invention.
My improved device is very simple and being made of few pieces is also inexpensive
to manufacture.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A candle extinguisher adapted to be clipped on to a candle and in which the
descent of the cap or hood is controlled independently of the jaws of the clip, by a
spring which is automatically released when the candle is consumed down to the level
of said spring.
2. A candle extinguisher, having two movable jaws for embracing the candle, a cap
hinged thereto, and means whereby when the jaws are pressed open for the purpose
of adjusting the extinguisher in place the cap is automatically raised, substantially
as described.
3. The combination, with an extinguisher, in which the extinction of the light is
accomplished by the descent of a cap, of a shade support arranged substantially as
described.
4. An automatic candle extinguisher constructed substantially as described either
with or without a shade-support, and operating as specified.
Dated this 11th day of December 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..