IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF COP TUBES USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bayley, of Stalybridge, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF COP TUBES USED IN MACHINERY FOR
SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 19th June 1860, and dated the 20th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bayley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1859.
I, HENRY BAYLEY, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF COP TUBES USED IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto cop tubes have been made of metal, wood, paper, woven fabrics,
gutta percha and its compounds, india-rubber and its compounds, and other
substances, but all tubes hitherto made have been faulty and objectionable.
Those made of metal have not had sufficient adhesion or hold upon the yarn,
and the form in which they have been made is objectional, and if made of the
form most suitable, they are too heavy. The objection to tubes of wood is
that they split at the "nose" or small end, and the objection to tubes of paper,
gutta percha, and other similar materials is, that they break or become
imperfect at the "nose" or small end, so as to render them useless in a short
time.

page_text: The object of my Invention is to construct a tube which shall overcome all
the objections named, and this I accomplish by making what I call a com-
pound tube of two or more materials, the main feature of my Invention
consisting in forming cop tubes with an internal core or bush of a strong and
tough material, capable of resisting the usage to which tubes have to be
subjected, and covering the core or bush with material of small specific gravity,
such as wood, or gutta percha and its compounds, or india-rubber and its com-
pounds, paper or woven fabric, or other suitable material, or a compound of
two or more materials.
The best mode of carrying my Invention into effect, according to my
experience up to the present time, is to form the bush or core of thin metal
extending the whole length of the tube, and in covering this with paper, woven
fabric, or gutta percha and its compounds. In some cases the metallic core or
bush need only extend a short distance from the nose or small end of the tube,
so that it be firmly secured in its place by the external covering material.
In manufacturing tubes according to my Invention, the exterior of the core
or bush, if made of metal, may have a rough external surface, or have grooves
in or projections from its external surface, so that the material wound upon or
moulded round it may take sufficient hold to secure it firmly in its place. Or
the tubes may be first made in the ordinary manner of a material of small
specific gravity, such as wood, paper, woven fabric, or gutta percha, and the
core or bush may be subsequently inserted, being made a little longer than the
tube in length, so as to allow the ends of the core or bush to be expanded or
rivetted over the ends of the tube, by which means the core or bush will be
held in its place. Or the external material may be wound or moulded round
the bush or core, and the tube may be put upon a rotating mandril, and the
ends of the tube trimmed, and then the ends of the core or bush may be spread
or rivetted over the ends of the tube. In inserting cores in a material which
will mould, the tube may be first moulded in the ordinary manner, with the
hole sufficiently large to admit the bush with indentations or grooves or pro-
jections on the exterior, and while in a soft state the core may be inserted and
the external material repressed to make it adhere to the core or bush. The
ends of the metallic cores may be rivetted or expanded over the ends of the
tubes by placing the tube in a hole in a block, and bringing two punches
simultaneously or thereabouts upon each end of the tube by cam action or
other suitable mechanical means, and the same or similar arrangements may
be used for inserting and securing cores or bushes into tubes which are first
formed in the ordinary manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Bayley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BAYLEY, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Twentieth day of Décember, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Bayley, Her special license that I, the said Henry Bayley, my ex-
ecutors, administrators and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Bayley,
my executors, administrators and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within tho
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANU-
FACTURE OF COP TUBES USED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Bayley, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bayley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
Hitherto cop tubes have been made of metal, wood, paper, woven fabrics,
gutta percha and its compounds, india-rubber and its compounds, and other
substances, but all tubes hitherto made have been faulty and objectionable.
Those made of metal have not had sufficient adhesion or hold upon the yarn,.
and the form in which they have been made is objectionable, and if made of
the form most suitable they are too heavy. The objection to tubes of wood
is, that they split at the "nose" or small end, and the objection to tubes of
paper, gutta percha, and other similar materials is, that they break or become
imperfect at the "nose" or small end so as to render them useless in a short
time.

page_text: The object of my Invention is to construct a tube which shall overcome all
the objections named, and this I accomplish by making what I call a com-
pound tube of two or more materials, the main feature of my Invention con-
sisting in forming cop tubes with an internal core or brush of a strong and
tough material capable of resisting the usage to which tubes have to be
subjected, and covering the core or bush with material of small specific gravity,
such as wood or gutta percha and its compounds, or india-rubber and its com-
pounds, paper or woven fabrics, or other suitable material, or a compound of
two or more materials.
The best mode of carrying my Invention into effect, according to my
experience up to the present time, is to form the bush or core of thin metal
extending the whole length of the tube, and to cover this with paper, woven
fabric, or gutta percha and its compounds. In some cases the metallic core
or bush need only extend a short distance from the "nose" or small end of
the tube so that it be firmly secured in its place by the external covering
materials.
In manufacturing tubes according to my Invention, the exterior of the
core or bush, if made of metal, should have a rough external surface, so that
the material wound upon or moulded round it may take sufficient hold to
secure the bush or coro firmly in its place; or the tubes may be first made in
the ordinary manner of a material of small specific gravity, such as wood,
paper, woven fabrics, or gutta percha, and the core or bush may be subse-
quently inserted, being made a little longer than the tube in length, so as to
allow the ends of the core or bush to be expanded or rivetted over the ends of
the tube, by which means the core or bush will be held in its place, or the
external materials may be wound or moulded round the bush or core, and the
tube may be put upon a rotating mandril and the ends of the tube trimmed,
and then the ends of the core or bush may be spread or rivetted over the ends
of the tube. In inserting cores in a material which will mould, the tube may
be first moulded in the ordinary manner with the hole sufficiently large to
admit the bush, with small indentations or groves or projections on the
exterior, and while in a soft state the core may be inserted, and the external
material repressed to make it adhere to the core or bush. The ends of the
metallic cores may be rivetted or expanded over the ends of the tube by
placing the tube in a hole in a block, and bringing two punches simultaneously
or thereabouts upon each end of the tube by cam action or other suitable
mechanical means, and the same or similar arrangements may be used for
inserting and securing cores or brushes into tubes, which are first formed in
the ordinary manner.

page_text: The foregoing is substantially a copy of my Provisional Specification. My
further experience and experiments enable me to add the following parti-
culars. The best tube, according to my Invention, is formed of a thin solid
brass brush or core, which is covered with paper or fine close woven calico,
the covering being wound upon the bush or core.
Fig. 1 shews a section, and Fig. 2 an end view of a tube made in this
manner; and Figs. 3 and 4 shew respectively a side and end view of the
bush or core detached; Fig. 5 is a side, and Fig. 6, an end view of another
tube, which is made with a metallic bush or core (a), which is not solid, being
formed of sheet metal of the shape shewn by Fig. 7, bent into cylindrical
form, so that the two edges (a' and a²) abut against each other as shewn in
Fig. 8 a side, and Fig. 9 an end view, the bottom end of the bush or core
having a strengthening ring (a) which is formed by turning up the edge of
the sheet. This bush or core is similar to the tube known as the "American
tube," but the sheet metal from which it is made should be made rough on
that side which is to form the exterior of the bush or core, so as to give hold
for the covering material. Another way of constructing a bush or core is
shown by Figs. 10, 11, and 12. Fig. 10 shows the shape of the strips of
sheet metal employed, which are made rough on the outside, and Fig. 11
shews a side and Fig. 12 an end view of the bush or core (a) when formed.
The strips are formed into the busbes or cores by being wound round a mandril
of the proper size, the parts (a') at each end overlapping the edge of the strips
as seen in Figs. 11 and 12. The strips of paper or calico employed for
covering the bushes or cores are of similar shape to such are as used for making
tubes wholly of paper or calico, and the machine for winding the paper or
calico upon the bush or core and applying the paste or cement is the same as
these employed for making paper or calico tubes wholly from strips of paper or
calico, the bush or core being first placed upon the mandril of the machine, the
paper or calico being then wound upon the bush or core, instead of the mandril
as in making tubes wholly of paper or calico, the tubes, when finished, being
the same as paper or calico tubes, except that they have a metallic bush or core.
Further, to secure the bush or core (when solid, or when similar to those
shewn by Figs. 8 and 9, each end (or that end which is without ring (a³) or
flange) should be slightly expanded or rivetted over the end of the paper or
calico, taking care that there is no sharp edge or projection left at the small
or "nose" end of the tube which will catch or obstruct the unwinding of the
yarn or thread from the tube. This expanding or rivetting over the ends of
the bush or core of each tube may be accomplished as herein-before explained,
which method is illustrated by Fig. 18, b being a metal block with a hole in

page_text: it made to fit the tube, which is placed in the hole, when a punch c is brought
against the large end of the tube, and another (d) against the small end with
force sufficient to slightly expand the ends of the bush or core (a), both
punches are then lifted, the punch d lifting sufficiently to push the tube from
the hole in the block (6), and the punch c a little more to give room to take
away the tube delivered, and replace it with another requiring to be expanded;
both punches then descending till the tube is in the proper place in the hole
in the block (6), when the punch (d) will make an ascent, and the punch c
further descent to the extent required for expanding or rivetting over the ends
of the bush. These movements may be made by two double action cams, one
for each punch. Arrangements similar to those last described may be used
for inserting cores into tubes first made in the ordinary manner, but I prefer to
make the tubes by winding or moulding the covering material round the bush
or core when the material is of such nature as can be treated in this manner.
Figs. 14 and 15 (a side and end view) show a tube having a bush or core a
little way from the "nose" or small end, but I prefer the bush or core to pass
entirely through the tube as in Figs. 1 and 2.
I have now particularly described my Invention and the methods by which
it may be carried into effect, and I wish to state that I am aware the mode of
construction and manufacture may be modified without departing from the
peculiar features of my Invention. I wish it therefore to be understood, that
I claim as my Invention the construction of compound cop tubes formed of two
or more materials, namely, a strong and tough material forming an internal
core or bush, which is covered with other materials of small specific gravity,
substantially as herein-before explained and described; and I claim the use of
cop tubes so constructed; and I claim the modes of making such tubes, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bayley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
HENRY BAYLEY. (L.S.)