A NEW METHOD OF APPLYING THE HEAT ARISING FROM OVENS IN WHICH COKE IS BURNT OR MADE TO THE DISTILLATION OF VOLATILE ALKALI, THE EVAPORATION OF SALINE SOLUTION, THE EXCICATION OF CHRYSTALLINE, AND THE SUBLIMATION OF SAL AMMONIAC, AND A VARIETY OF OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1791

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
STONE, of Rutland Place, Thames Street, in the City of London, Coal Mer-
chant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His Royal
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Eigh-
teenth day of October, in the thirty-first year of His reign, did give and grant
unto me, the said William Stone, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William
Stone, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself
and themselves, or by my or their deputy or deputies, servants, or agents, or such
others as I, the said William Stone, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Great Britain called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "A NEW METHOD OF APPLYING THE HEAT ARISING FROM OVENS IN
WHICH COKE IS BURNT OR MADE TO THE DISTILLATION OF VOLATILE ALKALI,
THE EVAPORATION OF SALINE SOLUTION, THE EXCICATION OF CHRYSTALLINE, AND
THE SUBLIMATION OF SAL AMMONIAC, AND A VARIETY OF OTHER PURPOSES," in
such manner as to me, the said William Stone, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, or any of them, should in my or their discretions seem meet, and

page_text: that I, the said William Stone, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity,
and advantages from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising,
by reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of years therein
mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy, the said licence, powers, privi-
leges, and advantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted
unto me, the said William Stone, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the
date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully to
be compleat and eiided, according to the Statute in such case made and
provided; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging
me, the said William Stone, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
(relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance. with the said proviso, I, the said
William Stone, do hereby declare that the said Invention consists, of what is
hereafter described.
In order to carry the said Invention into execution, let there be erected two
coke ovens resembling bakers' ovens, each about seven feet in diameter, and
about two feet six inches in height, the sides and bottoms lined with fire bricks
bedded in loom, and each covered with a vaulted roof, nine inches thick, of
fire bricks also, built contiguous, having one wall common to both, through
which let there be an aperture of nine inches square, with a register, to form
or prevent a communication between both.. Having erected such ovens,, the
following is a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the heat arising from the making or burning coke therein is to
be applied to the distillation of volatile alkali, the evaporation of saline solution,
the excication of chrystalline, and the sublimation of sal ammoniac, and a variety
of other purposes. For the distillation of volatile alkali, and the excication of
chrystalline, sal ammoniac, by the application of the aforesaid heat: The
vaulted roof of each coke oven is pierced with three or more holes on either side
or behind, about six inches square each, to transmit the heat to iron or copper
cylinders (in which is contained the matter to be acted upon), laid horizontal over
the holes, and paralel to each other, upon the walls which form the ovens, at the
height of eighteen inches from the vaulted roofs. To protect the cylinders from
the violence of the heat, in this space of eighteen inches between the vaulted
L.
"

page_text: roofs and the bottom of the cylinders, are fixed on walls iron or copper plates, or
thin fire brick arches are built, each. about twenty inches wide and fourteen
inches high, and continued from the wall, upon which one end of each cylinder is
supported behind the holes through which the heat is transmitted, over these
holes, and along, under the cylinders to within two feet of the opposite wall,
on which the other ends of the cylinders are supported, under,which plates. or
arches, the heat is conveyed,. and then. allowed to rise up to a chamber, in
which each cylinder is enclosed, the sides of which chambers are formed of
bricks and arched. with the same; but sometimes instead of arches they are
covered with iron plates, upon which are, laid tiles bedded, in loom, so as to
make a platform for laying the chrystalline sal ammoniac, upon to be excicated..
The heat proceeding from the place where it is allowed to rise, along the sides
and tops of the cylinders, enters into a chimney, the top of which passes
through the roof of the building in which the. coke ovens, are. built... There
are also holes pierced in the sides or backs of the upright walls of.. the ovens,
about eight inches square (having registers), through which the superfluous
heat is drawn into chambers, formed and acting as those hereafter described
for the purpose of evaporation. For the evaporation of saline solution by
applying the aforesaid heat: The vaulted roof of each oven, is pierced on
either side or behind with four holes, each six inches square. (which have.
registers), through which the heat is transmitted into four chambers, the sides
formed of bricks, and covered with, plates of iron or copper, tiles.or bricks, so
as to constitute.a platform of ten or twelve feet long, and about three feet wide,.
at the height of twelve inches from the roofs, upon, which platforms are placed.
the evaporating vessels, nearly of the same dimensions with the platforms..
The heat rising through the holes, of the roofs into the chambers which
constitute the platforms, acts through: the medium of the covering of those.
chambers on the evaporating vessels, and passes on. to, chimneys, at the
opposite sides from the holes, whence it arises. There are also holes. pierced
in the sides or back of the upright walls of the ovens, about eight inches
square (which have also registers), through which the, superfluous heat is
drawn into chambers formed and acting. as those described on the vaulted
roofs. For the sublimation of sal ammoniac, by applying.. the heat aforesaid,
the vaulted roofs are perforated by a hole in each, close to, the common wall,
of ten inches square (having registers), to admit the heat to rise into a chamber
called the chamber of heat, formed by the upper part of the vaulted roofs,
already mentioned, and an arch built of fire bricks covering. both vaulted
roofs, distant from them at the common wall about twelve inches, .and.

page_text: lessening as it descends on all sides, till it comes to six inches at the walls
which form the outer walls of the ovens. In these outer walls, above the
vaulted roofs, and under the springing of the arch, which forms the chamber
of heat, are holes, four inches square (having registers), pierced at sufficient
distances all round them to admit a subliming pan between each, which pans
stand upon these outer walls; those walls are continued all round on the
outside as high as the tops of the pans, by which means they are inclosed, and
the spaces between the tops of the pans being covered with plates of iron, the
heat which rises through the last-mentioned holes being confined, and having
heated this outer row of pans, passes on to a second row of pans, which stand
partly on the walls and partly on the arch of the chamber of heat; it then
passes on to a third row of pans, which stand on the arch, and from thence it
passes to a chimney, which is built in the centre of the whole upon the
'common wall; the iron plates last mentioned cover the spaces between all
the pans, resting on them and the outer walls. There are also holes' six inches
square (having registers) pierced in the sides or backs of the upright walls of
the ovens, for conveying off what heat may be found more than sufficient for
sublimation, which is applied in the same manner as the heat arising from the
ovens, set apart for the evaporation of saline solution and to the same
purpose. Another method of applying the aforesaid heat to the purpose of
'sublimation is by building a platform adjoining to the ovens of such dimensions
'as to admit a chamber of heat to be built on it, in every respect the same as
the one before described, upon the tops of the ovens, the top of the platform
forming the bottom of the chamber, and adding a third oven, adjoining to the
side or end of the platform, from each of which three ovens is an aperture
of ten inches square (having registers) to admit the heat into the aforesaid
'chamber, where it acts as before described, the pans being placed and secured
in the same manner, as before described, the walls of the platform answering
to the walls of the ovens before described. The advantage arising from this
method is, that when it is necessary one oven should be extinguished for the
purpose of repairing, the heat arising from the other two will carry on the
process of sublimation. The superfluous heat arising from the three ovens
is drawn off and applied as before described. The ovens for supplying heat
to each process are charged at different times, so as that when one oven is
cooled by drawing and recharging, the other is at its greatest heat, part of
which heat by drawing the registers is made to pass into the cooled oven
through the aperture before described, by which nearly an equal degree of
heat is preserved to both. All the registers are formed of fire tiles or bricks,

page_text: metal not being sufficient to resist the heat, and are applied both for the
purpose of admitting and preventing the heat. This is a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seven-
teenth day of November, in the thirty-second year of the reign of our
Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of God, of Great
Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and so
forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and
ninety-one
W B. FLEXNEY, Bartlett's Buildings, London.
BERN KIRKHAM, Symond's Inn.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Seventeenth day of Novem-
ber, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Stone came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Seventeenth day of November, in the year above written.