IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR DOORS OR SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hawkins, of 15, Norfolk Terrace, Bayswater, in the
Parish of St. Mary Abbot, Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR DOORS OR
SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 2nd November 1877, and dated the 24th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hawkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1877.
JOHN HAWKINS, of 15, Norfolk Terrace, Bayswater, in the Parish of St. Mary
Abbot, Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR
FASTENINGS FOR DOORS OR SIMILAR ARTICLES."
My Invention has for its object improvements in locks or fastenings for doors or
similar articles, and consists in making a lock or latch which can be made any thickness
to meet the appliance of the same; these locks can be applied without cutting away the
tenons of the middle rail of the door. I thereby do away with the destruction
caused to doors by the ordinary mortise locks.
:
The external parts of these locks are constructed of circular rims united by a
narrow neck, and let flush into one side of the door. The largest of the rims is the
body of the lock and is smaller in diameter than the ordinary china rose, and
thereby being covered by the rose and handle, is entirely hid from sight except the
smaller rim which is the locking department, that being the opposite side of the
handle from the edge of the door a great advantage is obtained.
My Invention is applicable as a combined lock and latch, and can be used for
various purposes. Any of the various kinds of furniture can be fixed to these locks
with greater security because the lock being smaller than the rose, leaves the entire
thickness of the door to fix the rose and handle to, instead of a thin piece of wood,
which is the case when the doors are mortised.
These locks contain one bolt only, which serves as bolt and catch bolt, and when
locked is secured by a revolving drum, which being turned by the key brings the solid
part of the drum, Fig. 4; Sheet No. 2, against the end of the slide, Fig. 2, and thereby
prevents the bolt being turned back by the handle, and by these bolts being round
with a bevelled catch at one end; and a fine screw at the opposite end, and passing

page_text: through the stile of the door and screwing into the slide of the lock, allows the lock
or latch to be fixed any distance from the edge of the door, simply by increasing or
decreasing the length of the catch bolt, at the same time the arrangement allows the
catch bolt to be reversed to convenience.
The body or large portion of the lock is let into one side of the door to the depth
of half the thickness of the door, and the locking department through the entire
thickness. This does not in any way interfere with the tenons, and mortising is
entirely avoided; by these locks being circular, they enable the fixing to be done
with greater facility in less time than can now be done.
EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS.
in.
8
On Sheet No. 1 is a full size section of a 13%, door shewing the middle rail and
stile, with the full size lock and its position.
Sheet No. 2 are sections through A, B, on Sheet No. 1, shewing three different
thickness doors with sections of locks; Fig. 1, the bolt; Fig. 2, the slide; Fig. 3,
the tumbler; Fig. 4, the drum; Fig. 5, the spindle; Fig. 6, the spring; Fig. 7, the
key; Fig. 8, the wards; Fig. 9, a brass plate, which is screwed to the lock to cover
the joint; Fig. 10, the plate let into the edge of the door.
Sheet No. 3. A is a full size elevation; Fig. 1, the catchbolt; Fig. 2, the slide ;
Fig. 3, tumbler; Fig. 4, the drum; Fig. 5, the spindle; Fig. 6, the spring; Fig. 8,
the wards. B, a full size lock; Fig. 1, the rose; Fig. 2, the brass plate, which covers
the joint. C is the thickness of a lock for a 1 inch door.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Hawkins in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th November
1877.
JOHN HAWKINS, of 15, Norfolk Terrace, Bayswater, in the Parish of St. Mary
Abbot, Kensington, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR
FASTENINGS FOR DOORS OR SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in locks or fastenings for doors and
such like purposes, the object being to construct locks or fastenings that will be
applicable to doors of any thickness, and that can be applied to doors (or shutters)
without cutting away or mortising the tennons of the middle rail of the door, thereby
doing away with the destruction caused to doors by the ordinary mortise locks.
The external boxings or parts of these locks are constructed of circular rims,
united by a narrow neck, and let into recesses on one side of the door, and so as to
lie flush therewith. The larger of the rims is the body of the lock, and is made
smaller in diameter than the ordinary china rose, and will be entirely hidden by the
rose and handle, leaving exposed only the smaller rim and necking connecting the
two rims together. The said smaller rim is the locking department, and occupies a
position on the opposite side of the handle from the edge of the door.
The Invention is applicable as a combined lock and latch, and can be used for
various purposes; many of the various kinds of "furniture" can be fixed to these
locks with greater security than in the case of a mortise lock, because the lock being

page_text: smaller than the rose, leaves the entire thickness of the door for the screws, by which
the rose is fixed, instead of a thin piece of wood, which is the case when the doors
are mortised.
These locks contain one bolt only, which serves as bolt and catch bolt, and when
locked is secured by a revolving drum, which being turned by a key, slide, or knob,
brings the solid part of said drum or barrel which works in the smaller rim against
the end of the slide, and thereby prevents the bolt from being turned back. by the
handle, which handle works on a spindle passing through a tumbler or follower in
the larger rim. The shank of the bolt is round, with a bevilled catch at one end, and
threaded with a fine screw at the opposite end, and is passed through the stile of
the door and screwed into a tapped hole in the slide of the lock, thus allowing of
the lock or latch being fixed at any distance from the edge of the door, simply by
increasing or decreasing the length of the shank of the catch bolt, at the same time
that the arrangement allows of the catch bolt being reversed according to
convenience.
The body or larger portion of the lock is let into one side of the door to the depth
of half the thickness of the door or thereabouts, and the locking department or
smaller rim, through the entire thickness. This does not in any way interfere with
the tenons, and mortising is entirely avoided, and by the outer parts being circular,
the fixing of the locks can be effected with greater facility and in far less time than
is at present the case with hidden locks.
The various parts of these locks or fastenings are in some cases made of malleable
iron, or of malleable iron with brass bolts, for facility of casting, turning, and
finishing, or entirely of brass and gunmetal when liable to corrosion.
In order that the Invention may be well understood, I have hereunto annexed a
Sheet of Drawings illustrating its application and the construction of parts.
Like letters refer to similar parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view shewing stile A and middle rail B of door with lock
fixed complete; C is the handle and D the rose.
Fig. 2 is an elevation with handle and rose removed, and shewing internal
parts; a is the large rim, and a¹ the necking connecting the rim a with the smaller
rim b (a and a being let in half the thickness of the door, and b through the entire
thickness); c is the catch bolt with shank c¹, screw-threaded at its inner end, to
screw into the slide d, said slide being made open at ¹ to accommodate and be acted
upon by the tumbler or follower e; fis a spring acting upon the slide d to keep
the catch bolt c out beyond the edge of the door; g is the locking drum contained
within the small rim or locking department b, said drum having an opening (not
here shown) at one part of its periphery, through which opening the end of slide d
will be free to pass when the fastening is used as a latch or catch, but when used as
a lock, the drum will by a key, knob, or slide, be turned partially around to bring
the solid part of said drum against the end of the slide, thus effectually preventing
the withdrawing or turning back of the bolt c.
Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are horizontal central sections of the lock shown in Figs. 1 and 2,
constructed for and applied to three thicknesses of doors. The dotted lines at h
represent the opening in the locking drum g and the "throw" of the slide d
when the said slide d is withdrawn or turned back by the handle c through
the spindle and follower e; k represents wards in the locking department or
smaller rim b for key which may be of various construction; m is a metal
plate, preferably brass, covering the connecting neck; and n, key hole plates
covering locking department. In Fig. 5 is shown, applied, a spiral spring ƒ¨¹, in
addition to the band spring f; either of which springs may, however, be dispensed
with; o is a plate let into and acting as a guide for the bolt c at the edge of the
door.
Fig. 6 represents in elevation the various parts of the lock, detached.
Fig. 7 is elevation of plates m. and n..

page_text: Fig. 9 represents in horizontal central section an arrangement of my improved
lock with a keyhole plate n only upon the outside of the door, and a slide knob p
upon the inside.
The plate m, Fig. 10, has a horizontal slot q which serves as a
guide for the slide knob p, and the ends of the locking drum g has formed thereon
irregular grooves ?, as represented in Fig. 11, into the outer of which grooves the
key will take, and into the inner of which grooves the pin pl of the slide knob p
takes, so that when the door is required to be locked upon the inside, the slide
knob P will be shot along its guide q, and the pin p¹ in passing along the irregular
groover will turn the locking drum g around, and with it the corresponding key
groove, so as to bring the solid part of said drum g against the rear of the catch
bolt slide d, thus preventing the turning of the handle to open the door, and at the
same time, if by accident the key should have been left in the lock on the outside of
the door, it will also be turned around, and its removal will be rendered impossible
until the door shall have been opened from the inside.
"
Fig. 12 represents in horizontal central section an arrangement of my improved
lock or fastening for doors that may require to be secured only upon the inside, and
for this purpose the knob s is attached rigidly to the drum g, and the smaller rim of
the lock in this case will not pass through the entire thickness of the door. It will,
however, be obvious to a person who has carefully read the foregoing description, that
a keyhole and lock part might if desired be provided upon the other side of the
drum g in combination with the rigidly attached knob 8, and that instead of a
tumbler or follower and turning spindle and knob, a sliding knob may be employed
to actuate the slide d and catch bolt c.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularly described,
the same so that it may be carried into practical effect, I claim,-
First.. The improvements in locks or fastenings for doors and other like purposes,
substantially as herein described and shown by the Drawing, and operating as and
for the purpose set forth.
Secondly. In a lock let into a recess in the face of a door, shutter, or other similar
framing; the use of the catch bolt c, with round or rod-like shank c¹, to facilitate
fixing and to allow of such lock being secured at any required distance from the edge
of the door, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hawkins, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand.
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
.
in the presence of
WALTER A. BARLOW,
Patent Agent & Engineer,
6, St. Paul's Churchyard,
-
London.
JOHN HAWKINS. (L.S.)