matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WICKETS FOR THE GAME OF CRICKET
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hubert Stanley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1865.
I, WILLIAM HUBERT STANLEY, of Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WICKETS FOR THE GAME OF CRICKET," to be as follows:-
My improvements in wickets of the game of cricket consist in constructing
the wicket in such a manner that the three stumps or vertical sticks shall be
joined to a frame of iron, brass, wood, or other suitable material by means of a
ball and sockett or other suitable joint, the frame to be fixed firm to the ground
by means of pins, screws, or other suitable appliance. To each vertical stick
or stump one or more springs are attached of steel, india-rubber, or other
elastic material to keep it vertical before being struck, and to enable it to
regain the said vertical position after being struck by the ball or otherwise.
The cross pieces or bails may be connected to the said stumps or vertical
sticks, by means of a small chain or otherwise, to prevent their being lost.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LEGGINGS OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
August 1865.
I, FREDERICK JOHN JONES, of Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FASTENING FOR LEGGINGS OR OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improved fastening consists. of two rods or pins, one secured near the
top and the other near the bottom of one side or part of say a legging or
other article to which it is applied, and of two plates secured edgewise on
or to the other side or part of the legging or other article opposite the rods.
The plates are each formed with one or more apertures, and the distance
between the plates is less than the distance between the outer ends of the
rods. To effect the fastening insert one of the rods into one of the apertures
in the corresponding plate, then bend the legging between the two rods so as
to enable the other rod to be inserted in one of the apertures in the other
plate; the legging is then allowed to resume its natural position, whereby
the rods are retained in the plates until the legging is again bent in order
to release them. According to the apertures into which the rods are inserted
so will the fastening be more or less tight. Instead of plates with apertures
I sometimes employ loops or rings. The legging or other article may have
any desired stiffening inserted between the rods, or the two rods may be formed
in one piece, which will itself serve as a stiffener.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January 1865.
I, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to machinery for washing, in which wool or other fibrous
materials are conveyed to squeezing or delivering rollers by feed aprons, and
consists in so arranging the said aprons, in reference to the rollers, that should
the material fall from the former it will drop on to the surface or surfaces of
one or both of the latter, and thus be presented to their bite. This I accomplish
by placing the top roller (if they be vertically arranged) on one side of the
under roller, and adapting the guide roller of the feed apron above and over
the surface thereof. Or I dispose the squeezing or delivering rollers hori-
zontally, and in like manner carry the feed apron above and over one of them.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE LAMPS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sampson Starnes at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1865.
I, JOHN SAMPSON STABNES, of 121, Cock Hill, Radcliffe, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUBMARINE LAMPS," to be as follows:-
Firstly, this Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture
of submarine lamps, and consists in having a double casing instead of a single
one as now in use, wherby the air is carried or conveyed to the bottom of
the lamp underneath an argand burner for the purpose of a more equal dis--
tribution of the same, and causing a steadiness of the light. Vulcanized.
india-rubber or any other elastic tubes are used for conveying the air to
the lamp.
Secondly, the use of lenses instead of flat surfaced glass as now in use,.
and the mode of fixing the same by means of a frame made to fit them, and
attached to the outer shell of the lamp with an india-rubber or other elastic
material for a joint, and screwed tight into the shell by means of bolts and
nuts at the back or into a frame, which frame would be brazed into the outer
shell.
Thirdly, the more ready method of opening the same by means of a binged
door on the top, firmly secured, and kept perfectly water-tight by means of

page_text: an india-rubber joint, or of any other elastic material, and a hinged bolt to
work in a jaw, and fastened by a nut and back nut.
Fourthly, a ball-and-socket joint to the argand burner, so that whatever
position the lamp may be in under water, it or the argand burner shall always
be in a perpendicular position and give a perfect light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING THE JOINTS OF STEAM GENERATORS, AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Muir Hetherington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1865.
I, JOHN MUIR HETHERINGTON, of the City of Manchester, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING THE JOINTS OF STEAM GENERATORS, AND PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to
be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable in making the joints of the cast-iron
steam generators known as "Harrison's," and for which Letters Patent were
granted to John Henry Johnson on the 30th August 1859, No. 1970, and on
the 5th of May 1862, No. 1340, and on the 8th June 1864, No. 1424.
The various chambers forming these steam generators have heretofore been
united either by a jump joint of metal to metal, or by a socket joint with a
metal ring between the outer and inner surfaces.
Now my Invention consists in making the joints with an angle-shaped ring
made of lead, copper, or other suitable metal, or alloy of metal, one portion of
which ring fits between the flat surfaces of the joint, and the other within a
recess or shoulder at right angles thereto, so that when the surfaces are
tightened together a perfect steam and water tight joint is formed against both
angles of the packing.
.P
My Invention may be modified by cutting recesses in the flat surfaces of
the joint and in placing a double ribbed metallic packing in the recesses and
between the flat surfaces, or the metallic packing may fit only within the

page_text: recesses, and the flat surfaces, when the joint is tightened up abut together
or form a jump joint.
The above improved joints may be employed in connecting together the
various parts of steam generators and the pipes or other parts connected
therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN 'PIRN' WINDING MACHINES FOR WINDING FLAX, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Kirby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1865.
I, JOSEPH KIRBY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
'PIRN' WINDING MACHINES FOR WINDING FLAX, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in dispensing with the spindle ordinarily used for
driving the "pirn." For this purpose I employ a wharve turning loose upon a
stud and placed above the pirn. This stud is attached to a bracket capable of
moving upward and downward upon suitable guides. Upon the wharve I
form projections which take into grooves in the pirn and thereby drive it, the
pirn being also guided by the above-mentioned stud; the other end passes
into the "cup" in the usual manner. In order to arrest the motion of the
pirn when the winding on of the yarn is completed I use a weighted
lever, one end of which is situate beneath the bracket carrying the wharve,
but is held down by means of a catch. When the wharve has been lifted by
the winding on of the yarn this lever is liberated and lifts the wharve and its
projections clear of the grooves of the pirn.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, AND TRUCKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Voigt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1865.
I, GEORGE VOIGT, of Aldershot, in the County of Berks, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS
FOR STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, AND TRUCKS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the buffer rods to work the brakes; to
accomplish which I lower the buffers and buffer rods to a level with the axles
of the wheels, so that the brake blocks which are affixed to the ends of the
buffer rods come directly opposite the flanges of the wheels. In order that
the buffer rods may be so lowered the main framing of the carriage should
be prolonged downwards, and the buffer rods made to work easily through
bearings placed in the said projecting portion. To prevent the carriages
from rushing upon each other distance pieces may be fitted to the back and
front framing of each carriage, and may be made to fold up out of the way
when not required, the said distance pieces being of such a length that the
brake blocks may come against the flanges of the wheels when the buffers of
any carriage are pressed by the previous or following carriage or carriages.
As soon as the train is stopped, or a uniform retarded speed is obtained, the
carriages adjust themselves, and so relieve the wheels from the action of the
brakes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING LEATHER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tasso Labrousse and John Keily
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 19th January 1865.
We, TASSO LABROUSSE, of No. 6, Prussia Street, and JOHN KEILY, of Grange-
gorman, both in the City of Dublin, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING LEATHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in dyeing leather, and consists
in the application of aniline or analogous colors in the following manner :-The
surface of the leather is first brushed over or coated with oil of vitriol diluted
with warm water, then the violet, blue, purple, or other aniline or analogous
dye is applied by a brush or otherwise, after which oil of vitriol diluted with
warm water is again applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DERIVING MOTIVE POWER FROM THE APPLICATION OF THE FORCE OF GRAVITATION ALONE, WITHOUT THE AID OF STEAM, WATER, WIND, COMPRESSED AIR, OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR MEANS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Martin Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1865.
I, ROBERT MARTIN ROBERTS, of 26, Earl Street, Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DERIVING MOTIVE POWER FROM
THE APPLICATION OF THE FORCE OF GRAVITATION ALONE, WITHOUT THE AID OF STEAM,
WATER, WIND, COMPRESSED AIR, OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR MEANS," to be as follows:-
I attach a sliding bar or beam weighted at the extremities to the diameter
of a disc or wheel in such a way that it slides to a certain distance either
towards or from the centre of the wheel or disc in line with the diameter of
the part of the wheel to which it is attached. I attach to the sliding bar
certain friction rollers, which work on a cam or inclined plane of suitable
shape, by which means the bar is raised so that its centre of gravity is
brought above the centre of the wheel and causes the upper part of the
wheel to descend, the opposite end of the bar or beam then acts on the wheel
in the same manner and causes it to complete its revolution. In order to
maintain the motion of the wheel, and to overcome the point of resistance of
the wheel and bar, I use one or more similar wheels and bars connected with
the first wheel and bar by eccentric or other suitable apparatus.
The accompanying Drawing and description shew the machinery by which
the above-mentioned motive power is obtained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FLY OR EMBOSSING PRESSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bailey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1865.
I, JAMES BAILEY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FLY OR EMBOSSING PRESSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved arrangement, combination, and
construction of the mechanism of fly or embossing presses. The stand or
frame has a hole formed in it, which is bored out at its lower end to fit a
ram, and at its upper end it is tapped to receive a screw nut, bush, or collar.
The screw shaft which actuates the ram is made to screw into the ram which
is tapped to receive it, and the ram is prevented from rotating with the screw
shaft, and is kept steady by means of a V-formed part which is adjustable to
a V-formed groove extending lengthway in the direction of the movement of
The upper end of the screw shaft passes through the screw nut or
collar, and fits so that a collar formed upon the screw shaft comes against the !
under side of the screw nut, which thus receives and resists the pressure when
the ram acts. A loose collar is fixed upon the screw shaft above the screw :)
nut, so that by means of these two collars upon the screw shaft it is prevented
from moving endways.
In presses arranged according to my Invention above described the
ram alone has end movement, and the screw shaft has simple rotatory
movement.

page_text: Another modification of my improvements consists in making the screw
shaft to screw through the screw nut or collar, dispensing with the two collars
upon the screw shaft; in this case the end of the screw shaft may be attached
to the ram in the usual manner, or (which is another modification of my
Invention) the screw shaft may be made both to screw through the screw
nut and into the ram, the screw thread in the nut and ram being reversed in
direction, thus the ram will be acted upon both by the end and rotatory move-
ment of the screw shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO SEWING MACHINES FOR THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM SELF-ACTING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Geminiano Zanni at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1865.
I, GEMINIANO ZANNI, of 54, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING MOTIVE POWER TO SEWING MACHINES FOR THE
PURPOSE OF RENDERING THEM SELF-ACTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in applying motive power to
sewing machines in order that they may be rendered self-acting in place of
having motion imparted thereto by manual labour.
Heretofore sewing machines have had motion imparted thereto by means
of a treadle moved by the feet, or by means of a crank or other mechanism
actuated by hand when the machine is required for use, and in some cases
sewing machines have been driven by steam power.
Now this Invention consists in arranging sewing machines in combination
with a self-acting spring (or springs) or by means of weights, which when
wound up and released impart motion through a train of wheels and other
suitable mechanism to the main axis of a sewing machine, as is well under-
stood in obtaining motive power from springs or weights for actuating clock-
work and other mechanism. Breaks or stops are arranged in combination
with the mechanism in order to arrest the action of the springs or weights or
to set them in motion when the break or stop is removed for the purpose of
stopping or starting the sewing machine actuated by such mechanism when
required

page_text: Another part of my improvements consists in imparting motion to sewing
machines by means of electro-magnetic apparatus arranged in combination
therewith. It is well known that motive power can be readily obtained by
various compact arrangements of electro-magnetic apparatus, and this part of
my Invention consists in transmitting the motive power so obtained to the
main axis of a sewing machine, the electro-magnetic apparatus being either
affixed to the table of the machine or placed underneath, or in any other con-
venient position in combination therewith. A suitable break or stop is
applied to the apparatus in order to cut off the current of electricity so as to
stop and start the sewing machine when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell Swann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1865.
I, JOHN RUSSELL SWANN, of No. 21, Leith Walk, Edinburgh, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines. In place
of the slide valve usually employed I apply at each end of the cylinder of a
steam engine a pair of rotating valves, one for the admission and the other for
the exit of the steam. These valves are hollow cones, fitted in suitable cases,
each cone has a passage through it on one side, and there is a corresponding
passage in the case; when these passages are brought to correspond with
each other, the steam passes from the interior of the cone outwards through
The valves are caused to revolve continuously in one direction by
spur gear or otherwise. From the exit valves the steam passes into a casing
which surrounds the cylinder, and thence away; thus the cylinder is steam
jacketed.
The piston I construct in the following manner:-I employ two split
packing rings with covering plates at the top and bottom, and I make passages
through the covering plates to admit the steam to the back of the packing
rings, which are thus expanded and caused to press firmly against the sides of
the cylinder.
A NEW APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR FLYING THROUGH THE AIR
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Wilhelm Rothleb at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1865.
I, GUSTAVE WILHELM ROTIILEB, of Soho, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW APPARATUS OR
MECHANISM FOR FLYING THROUGH THE AIR," to be as follows:-.
My Invention consists of a light framing composed of thin sheet iron, steel,
or such other material as will unite strength and lightness, surrounding the
body of the person who is about to fly, and attached thereto either round the
waist or in such other position as may be deemed most comfortable or con-
venient, or attached to or pressing against a belt secured round the waist by
elastic bands or springs pressing against the body. I have also elastic stirrups
attached to the framing, so that the person flying may be in a standing
position, and supported by them. On each side of the framing and attached
thereto by cords or other suitable fastening, I have two clastic bags or
reservoirs of gas, as, for instance, hydrogen gas, the specific gravity of which is
lighter than that of air, which assist in buoying up the person flying in the air,
and tend to reduce the exertion necessary to work the wings. The aforesaid
framing is prolonged in front and behind to a distance of from six to ten feet
according to the size of the apparatus. In the fore part it is furnished with
what I call a "windrose," which is of use when flying against the wind, and
consists of a light framing of steel or other suitable material, divided into arms
like the sails of a windmill, and mounted on an axle, so as to turn freely, and

page_text: is covered with a light web, such as canvass or sail cloth. The arms are so
formed as to rotate and cut the wind, and thereby offer very little resistance.
To the hinder end of the aforesaid framing is attached a revolving wheel with
feathering spokes, which act as a rudder to enable the person flying to pursue
his desired course, and is brought under the control of the person flying by
cords attached thereto, passing over small pulleys in the framing before
mentioned; the said cords by being pulled expose more or less of the wheel to
the wind, and so direct the apparatus. The wings of my said flying apparatus,
whereby the onward motion is effected, are composed of light steel or iron ribs
or framing, which so resembles the quills of a bird's wing, and covered with a
light web of canvass, or sail cloth, or such like material, and each may be of
the length of from five to eight or nine feet; they are attached to the framing
surrounding the body of the person flying by elastic bands passing over pulleys
attached to the framing, and are kept distended by steel springs; their motion
is accomplished by means of spiral springs attached to the ribs or framing, and
under the control of the person flying, who works them by the motion of his
arms or his body. The wings I form so as to fold up when not required, and
so as only to expose a portion of their surface if found sufficient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASE-HARDENING OR CONVERTING PARTIALLY INTO STEEL ARTICLES OF WROUGHT OR MALLEABLE IRON
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Henry Newby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1865. Partly a communication from abroad by Anthony Leonard Fleury,
residing at New York, United States of America.
I, EDWIN HENRY NEWBY, of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASE-HARDENING
OR CONVERTING PARTIALLY INTO STEEL ARTICLES OF WROUGHT OR MALLEABLE
IRON," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to carbonize and convert into steel portions of
articles of wrought or malleable iron leaving other portions uncarbonized, and
to this end a protecting coating or enamel composed of a mixture of oxide of
iron with lime, lime alone, clay, silicate of soda or potassa, borax, the oxides of
tin, lead, and antimony or other suitable protecting material is applied to those
portions of such articles which are to be left uncarbonized, or in the condition
of iron, the said articles are then placed in a close oven or furnace in which
they are surrounded by heated carburetted hydrogen gas which acts upon
their uncoated portions in such manner as to carbonize them wholly or to a
suitable depth, and thereby convert the said portions alone, or the surfaces
thereof into steel. This Invention may be applied with great advantage to
conversion into steel of the heads of wrought iron railroad bars of the faces
of skate irons, the faces of malleable iron wheels, the surfaces of shafts and
axles, and the edges of various articles of cutlery, and all articles of malleable
iron may by this means be partially converted into steel. The oven furnace

page_text: or chamber in which the carbonizing process is effected must be so con-
structed as to permit the exclusion of the atmosphere during the carbonizing
process. The carburetted bydrogen gas may be generated in one or more
retorts by the heat of the same fire which is employed to heat the said furnace,
oven, or chamber, and the gas should preferably before its introduction into
the carbonizing chamber be heated in a separate chamber or system of pipes
acted on by the same fire. The articles which are to be partly carbonized
or steeled may have the protecting coating or enamel applied to the parts
which are not to be steeled in the form of a paste or liquid which will dry
on the surface. To accelerate the process of conversion, other gases may be
used together with the carburetted hydrogen, as, for instance, cyanogen and
ammonia. The gases may be compressed with advantage, as by that means
their action will be intensified.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS, AND THE MANNER OF APPLYING THE SAME TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES FOR PASSENGERS' AND GooDs' TRAFFIC, AS ALSO THE LEADING WHEELS FOR LOCOMOTIVES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Day at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April 1865.
I, WILLIAM DAY, of Burton Latimer, near Wellingborough, in the County
of Northampton, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS, AND THE MANNER OF APPLYING THE SAME TO
RAILWAY CARRIAGES FOR PASSENGERS' AND GooDs' TRAFFIC, AS ALSO THE LEADING
WHEELS FOR LOCOMOTIVES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
The object of my Invention principally consists in so mounting or arranging
the wheels of railway carriages that they may revolve independent of each
other, and if an axle be used it must be so constructed as not only to
leave the wheels free action to revolve, but also the power of adapting them-
selves to curves, and this same principle I purpose applying to the leading
wheels of locomotives. I effect this by applying on the sides of railway trucks
or carriages strong iron guards or supports, which may be placed separate or
connected together for passing across the bottom or frame of the carriage;
these iron guards or supports have an opening for receiving a projecting boss
on the outside of the railway wheels, over which a combined axle box and
grease holder is applied, fitted with a cover on the outside over a flange fixed
on the centre boss or axle of the wheel, by which means it is held in position.
This axle box has two projecting arms that extend each side towards the
radius of the wheels, and are attached by strong chains to corresponding
fastenings on the side of the carriage, and form in reality the draught. As
purpose the main draught and coupling to be as ordinarily adopted, that is,
I

page_text: the main draught to be on the carriage, and the carriage to draw the wheels.
These lateral arms work through slots, guides, or openings in the open guard,
and at the top side of the axle box the metal extends up and terminates in
a hardened point, which works up against a corresponding socket which is
supported by any suitable elastic bearing or spring, and which in reality forms
the spring of the carriage to afford ease in travelling, or counteract the oscil-
lating or shaking from rapid transit over an irregular surface. Below the
axle box a fourth projection extends downwards, and is provided with the
means of riding in or on a bar at that parts that connects the lower ends of
wheel guards first described, or other equivalent means for holding and
steadying the action of the wheel and wheel guard may be adopted. In giving
effect to this arrangement I prefer that all the parts should be nicely fitted,
with little play or looseness on the one side of the carriage, while on the other
I prefer a certain amount of freedom to enable the wheels, more readily to
adapt themselves to curves over which they will have to travel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tijou at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1865.
I, WILLIAM TIJOU, of 9, Great George Street, Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE RAILS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the mode of securing the rails of the permanent
way of railways, and consists essentially in the application and use for that
purpose of a "gib and cottar," or of reversed wedges set up or tightened one
against the other and against the side of the rail by a nut and screw bolt, or
by a bolt tapped into a lug on the gib, or into one of the reversed wedges.
The gib and cottar on the reversed wedges are situate between the jaw of the
chair and the side of the rail, and serve the purpose of the present wooden
wedges. These gibs and cottars or reversed wedges are by preference made
of cast or wrought iron or other suitable metal, but if desired they may be
made of wood in some cases, the screw bolts of course being in all cases
composed of metal.
According to another mode of securing the rails a metal key having a
recess made vertically across its outer face is forced against the side of the

page_text: rail by the action of a metal wedge, which works vertically in and fits the
recess of the key. This wedge may be tightened up either by means of a
screw tapped into it and bearing upon the seat of the chair, or by a screw
bolt secured to it and passing through a lug in the jaw of the chair, a nut
being employed for drawing up the wedge. The jaw of the chair should be
inclined vertically to correspond to the form of the wedge.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ENGINES WORKED BY HEATED AIR OR GASES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pinchbeck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1865.
I, JOHN PINCHBECK, of Lower Katesgrove House, Reading, in the County
of Berks, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ENGINES WORKED BY HEATED AIR OR GASES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this improvement is to effect greater economy and also to
increase the power obtained from engines in which atmospheric air and gases
are exploded inside the cylinder by means of an electric spark or by any
other method. To carry out this Invention I connect the exhaust or
discharge pipe of the cylinder with a condensing chamber in a similar
manner to that employed in ordinary condensing steam engines. The heated
air is condensed in the chamber by a jet of cold water, and by this means a
vacuum is produced in the cylinder, the ordinary air pump is used to discharge
the injection water. I do not limit myself to the use of jet condensers,
but I also employ surface condensers to produce the same result.
AN IMPROVED LEATHER- SHAVING MACHINE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Samuel Cluderay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1865.
I, WILLIAM SAMUEL CLUDERAY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LEATHER-
SHAVING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the equalization of the thickness of tanned
skins or portions of the same. For this purpose upon a suitable framework
I mount transversely a roller having cutters wound spirally upon its periphery,
a plain cylinder being placed immediately underneath the same. In front of
the cutting cylinder I place a pair of retaining or holding rollers, also a detaining
bar, which is raised or lowered through a foot lever. An endless cloth or band
is also placed in front of the machine. Behind the cutting roller a rotating
brush is placed. Ordinary and well-known gearing is used to actuate the
various rollers and the endless band. A skin being placed upon the endless
band or cloth it is carried to the detaining rollers, which move at a slow speed;
passing through these however it reaches the cutting roller (which revolves at
a high velocity) and is shaved to the required thickness, the roller underneath
the cutter being adjusted as occasion requires. During the operation the skin
is firmly held by what I have termed the detaining rollers and the detaining bar,
the latter placed in close proximity to the cutting roller. The brush placed at
the back removes the shavings.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN EJECTORS FOR DISCHARGING BILGE WATER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1865. A communication from abroad by Nathan Leffingwell Chappell,
of the City and State of New York, and Blase Lorillard, of White Plains,
in the State of New York, United States of America.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN EJECTORS FOR DISCHARGING
BILGE WATER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make a simple and effective provision for
the removal of obstructions from the induction pipe of ejectors while the
ejector remains in its operative position. To this end the steam nozzle is made
reversible that it may be turned from the eduction pipe toward the induction
pipe at pleasure.
The ejector consists of a hollow globe with four openings, of which two are
the induction and eduction ports. These ports are in line and on opposite
sides of the globe. In a line at right angles to these ports are two openings
for the reception of the hollow axle of the ejector globe. By means of stuffing
boxes and proper packing the fittings are made air and water, tight for the
purpose of preventing air from being drawn in between the axle and the open-
ings of the globe, and also for the purpose of preventing leakage of water, both
of which would be injurious to the operation of the ejector. The axle, is made
hollow from one end to about one half of the length thereof, and near the

page_text: point where the solid and hollow parts meet is provided with a steam nozzle
which is fitted in line with the eduction port, and it is also connected with a
steam pipe. A lever is attached to the solid end of the axle for reversing the
action of the ejector. The induction port may have connected with it by any
well known means a pipe through which the water and other matter may be
drawn into the ejector, and the eduction port is to have_connected with it
another pipe through which the water and other matter is to be ejected.
When the steam nozzle is turned toward the eduction port and steam is
admitted the water will be caused to enter the ejector and be discharged
through the eduction port. Should the induction pipe become obstructed it
will be only necessary to bring the nozzle opposite the induction port, and as
the steam is ejected through that port and the pipe attached thereto it will
force any obstruction out of the pipe.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Graham, John Broughton,
and Thomas Corkhill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th August 1865.
We, WILLIAM GRAHAM, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, JOHN
BROUGHTON, of Manchester, in the same County, and THOMAS CORKHILL, of
Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Stonemasons, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTATORY ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining a rotatory motion by
the direct action of steam on plates connected to a central driving shaft, and
dispensing with the cranks, connecting rods, guide rods, and eccentrics
hitherto employed.
are so
The improvements consist in the novel employment and use of a cylinder
supplied with two or more ports or thoroughfares for the admission of steam,.
and one exhaust pipe or exit for the steam; the admission "
ports
constructed as to cause the steam to enter the cylinder at right angles to its
centre or axis, and the exhaust or exit at a point about parallel to the centre.
To the centre shaft or axis of the cylinder a number of curved plates are
secured, extending each like curved radii from the centre shaft towards the
inuer surface of the cylinder, and are arranged so as to exert upon the inner
surface of the cylinder a pressure sufficient to keep each recess or compart-
ment formed by the said plates steam-tight. The covers or ends of the
cylinder are formed of circular plates secured to the body of the cylinder, supplied

page_text: with stuffing boxes, through which the central shaft revolves. The steam
when entering the ports of the cylinder at right angles to its axis on the
parallel centre thereof is forced against and fills the concave recesses or com-
partments formed by the aforesaid curved plates, the action of which gives a
powerful rotatory motion to the central or driving shaft to which they are
secured, and the steam escapes by the exhaust pipe from each compartment
as they pass during revolution,
AN IMPROVED BURGLARY ALARUM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hudson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1865.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HUDSON, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford, Clock
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BURGLARY ALARUM," to be as follows:-
This improved burglary alarum is more particularly designed for appli-
cation to iron safes, cash boxes, and other similar depositories for valuable
articles, but it may also be applied with facility to room doors, windows, and
other similar places where it is desirable to give an alarm on the surreptitious
opening of a door, lid, or window.
The object of the Invention is to cause the alarum to sound continuously
(say for half-an-hour, if required,) so long as the door, lid, or window remains
open, and to prevent the possibility of the sound being stopped by any person.
who is not in possession of the key of the apparatus.
The sounding mechanism of the apparatus may be any ordinary arrange-
ment of spring clockwork which will sound a bell continuously on being
released. The apparatus is fixed (in the case of a safe for instance) between
the inner lining and outer casing of the safe at the side next the hinges, and
the stop of the mechanism is a small pin furnished with a projecting loop or
ring. When the door of the safe is closed for the night a small catch in the
former takes hold of the loop or ring, so that upon the door being opened it
withdraws the stop pin and sets the alarum ringing, and a plate instantly falls
inside the pin holes and closes it, so that the pin cannot be re-inserted to stop

page_text: the mechanism. A small lever or wire connected with the hinge also acts as
a stop to the alarum upon the door being closed, but releases the mechanism
again immediately the door is re-opened.
The mechanism is furnished with a small lock, by turning the key of which
in one direction, the winding hole and the pin hole are opened, and the
mechanism put out of action during the daytime; but upon turning the key
in the reverse direction it closes the winding hole and sets the apparatus in
working order, so that when the door of the safe is closed it cannot be re-
opened without sounding the alarum, and the latter cannot be quieted by any
person but the one in possession of the key of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macmillan Dunlop at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1865.
I, JOHN MACMILLAN DUNLOP, of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in carding engines. In con-
structing carding engines according to this Invention the doffing or stripping
apparatus used to strip the doffing or other cylinder of a carding engine which
is to be stripped or doffed is of a cylindrical form, and is caused to rotate or
move on an axis. The cylindrical doffer or stripper is placed parallel with the
surface of the cylinder of the carding engine which is to be doffed, and it is
caused to revolve with considerable speed as compared with the card cylinder.
The cylindrical doffer or stripper is formed with projecting discs or blades which
are fixed inclined to or spirally around the axis from end to end of the cylinder,
or such blades are in some cases wound and fixed spirally from the centre of
the roller outwards. In some cases projecting blades are fixed or formed
parallel with the axis. The axis of the cylinder is carried by, and is caused
to revolve in suitable bearings which are adjustable, in order that the blades
may be set to or from the doffing or other cylinder of a carding engine which
is to be stripped thereby, and the doffing or stripping cylinder is caused to
revolve nearly in contact with the cylinder which is to be stripped by it. The
edges of the blades may be plain or serrated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMPRESSING COAL DUST AND OTHER MATERIALS FIT FOR BURNING, ALSO CLAY INTO BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1865.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Taunton, in the County of Somerset, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR COMPRESSING COAL DUST AND OTHER MATERIALS FIT FOR BURNING, ALSO CLAY
INTO BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
The improved machinery comprises a cylindrical multiple mould, the moulds
being formed round the periphery of the said cylinder or wheel, which is caused
to rotate upon a shaft in the centre. Each mould is fitted with a sliding and
hinged lid, which is moved, opened, and closed by self-acting guides, and when
closed and acted upon by the rollers in the manner berein-after described
presses the materials into the mould. The materials are fed into the machine at
one side, and delivered at the other when compressed. The lids are open, and
kept open, through about one-half (more or less) of the cylinder's rotation on
one side, and are gradually closed by contact with rollers converging in a
curved line to the periphery of the cylinder on the other. These lids are made
of flexible plates, and are fitted with flexible hinges, to allow them to take the
curved form when closing. In the bottom of each mould a piston is fitted,
which presses upon the solid material when compressed, and delivers the same

page_text: as the cylinder rotates. These pistons work in and out by guides, so that the
machine is rendered self-acting, self-feeding, and self-delivering by the simple
rotation of the mould wheel, and simultaneous movements of the lids and
pistons. The machine may be turned by hand or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLAY TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lesley White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the 23rd June-
1865.
I, LESLEY WHITE,. of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLAY
TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows, that is to say:―
This Invention has for its object the forming of clay tobacco pipes in an
improved manner, and so as to prevent the noxious oils or juices from reaching:
the mouth of the user..
One improvement consists in making a portion of the tubular part of the-
pipe near the bowl of a larger bore than the terminal part thereof which is
put into the mouth, by placing an enlarged core within the pipe when it is-
moulded, such core being made of any light combustible substance, such as
wood or paper, which becomes burnt to ashes when the pipe is fired, and can-
be afterwards easily blown out. The small bore in the terminal part is by
preference made to enter the upper part of the enlarged bore so that the-
noxious oils or juices may be retained in the lower part of the enlarged bore..
A second improvement consists in moulding the bowl of the pipe with a
diaphragm in the bottom, through which diaphragm a number of small perfora-
tions are made, by preference in a circle,, and leading to the enlarged tubular
part.
It is an essential feature of these improvements that the pipe is complete
when fired, and comprises no movable, separate, or cemented parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Heywood Whitehead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1865.
I, JAMES HEYWOOD WHITEHEAD, of the Royal George Mills, Saddlesworth,
in the West Riding of the County of York, Esquire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
THE FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparat for heating
the feed water for steam boilers. The feed water of steam boilers is commonly
heated by causing it to pass through a series of pipes in the flue of the boiler
furnace; on these pipes, however, soot and dust is found frequently to accu-
mulate so as to prevent the system working efficiently. It has been proposed
to prevent this accumulation by the use of steam jets which are carried by
rotating pipes over the surface to be kept clean.
According to my Invention I employ steam jets in a simpler manner, the
jets being on stationary steam pipes in place of on moving pipes. The
heating pipes are arranged in a series of tiers or zig-zags lying in a horizontal
position, and so fixed that all the joints are outside the brickwork, and in
between these tiers or zig-zags, and crossing the heating pipes at right angles

page_text: are small steam pipes which are perforated, the perforations being on each
side of the steam pipes and over the centre of the heating pipes which they
All these small steam pipes are connected with one main pipe placed
vertically, to which steam can be admitted as required. In place of steam air
under pressure may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCK MATCHES AND IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Whitford Truman and
Henry Lovi at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th October 1865.
We, JAMES WHITFORD TRUMAN and HENRY LOVI, both of Canningtown
in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCK MATCHES AND IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in manufacturing block matches with points, whereby
the point of each match is so far separated from the others that when the
blocks are dipped in the phosphorous or other composition each match retains
a sufficiency of such composition without adhering together. Our Invention
likewise consists in an improved machine for manufacturing such block
matches; on the edge of a revolving wheel, which may be driven by steam
or hand power as required, we have four or any convenient number of slicing
knives. Between each slicing knife is situated a small bevelled chisel which
cuts off a slice from the end of the match; the depth of this slice may be
regulated according to the size of the match. As soon as the chisel has passed
through the small block of wood which is to be cut a knife follows which
cuts or splits the match to its required length. By pressing the block of
wood against a rounded bevel edge on the rim of the wheel it is brought

page_text: forward the requisite distance for another cut; thus the machine becomes
self-feeding, but this process may be accomplished by other mechanism, as
for instance, a rack and pinión motion or by other means. As soon as the
block of wood has been cut or split in one direction it is turned over and the
process repeated as before.