matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN. LOADING AND UNLOADING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Jean Cornier, of St. Mammes, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
LOADING AND UNLOADING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Jean
Cornier, of St. Mammes, France.
The Invention relates to steam or other cranes, and it consists in providing the
end of the jib with a tooth wheel into which gears a rack attached to or forming
part of a ladder which carries at its lower end a scoop or gripper. The axle of the
tooth wheel has a brake which can be operated by a chain, thereby supporting the
ladder and allowing the two jaws of the scoop to penetrate into and excavate the
matter to be loaded. The jaws of the scoop are secured to the lowor ends of two
crossed arms pivoted on the lower extremity of the ladder, and operated at the
top by two crossed chains; the latter pass over two pulleys fixed to the ladder
and are secured to a chain passed over a pulley at top of the jib. The loading is
performed by turning the crane round on its axis and securing the brake of the
ladder. When the brake of the scoop is slacked it loads or unloads by itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sutcliffe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1881.
THOMAS SUTCLIFFE, of Clough-foot, near Todmorden, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to the "picking-motion" of looms, the object being to
check the action of the picking stick and to take the strain off the picking band.
On the picking shaft below the picking stick and about level with the shuttle
box I place a lever about eight inches long (more or less) which is adjustable by
means of a set screw through its boss.
At the free end of this lever is a hook or other suitable attachment to which is
fixed one end of a check strap or band, the other end of which is attached to a
curved piece of metal screwed to the back of the shuttle box.
When the picking takes place the lever above named pulls this check strap
tight before the picking band becomes tight, and thus the strain is taken off the
latter, and the check strap being fixed to the shuttle box which is moving in the
same direction as the lever but at a slower speed is not so liable to become
strained or broken.
IMPROVED METHOD OR PROCESS OF REMOVING OBSTRUCTIONS OCCASIONED BY FROST IN GAS, WATER, OR OTHER PIPES OR VESSELS, AND PREVENTING FREEZING IN GAS AND WATER METERS, BOILERS, CISTERNS, AND OTHER WATER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1881.
HENRY GREEN, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVED
METHOD OR PROCESS OF REMOVING OBSTRUCTIONS OCCASIONED BY FROST IN
GAS, WATER, OR OTHER PIPES OR VESSELS, AND PREVENTING FREEZING IN GAS
AND WATER METERS, BOILERS, CISTERNS, AND OTHER WATER RECEPTACLES."
This Invention consists in the use or employment, solid or in solution, of a
certain chemical substance produced as described below for removing obstructions
occasioned by frost in gas, water and other pipes or vessels and for the prevention
of freezing in gas and water meters, boilers, cisterns, and other water receptacles.
To prepare the above-mentioned substance I make use of waste products arising
in several chemical processes as for instance, by treating waste manganese liquor
with carbonate or hydrate of lime also the residue after separating ammonia from
its chloride by means of hydrate of lime or by saturating hydrochloric acid or
chlorine liquor with lime. After saturating the acid liquor with lime and throwing
down metallic oxides and other impurities I then filter the liquid and evaporate
to dryness, or to such a state of concentration as is known as a saturated solution.
To open frozen servico pipes of gas and water meters to liberate frozen hydraulic
cups and lutes of gas holders, and generally to remove obstructions caused by ice in
pipes and vessels, a quantity of the solution varying with the size of the pipe or
vessel and the extent of the obstruction is poured into the pipe or vessel and
brought into contact with the obstruction which it speedily removes. If it be
required to prevent water freezing in gas meters gas holder tanks, hydraulic cups
and lutes, etcetera, a small quantity of the concentrated solution of the solid body
is added to the water, the quantity varying according to the probable lowness of
temperature.
AN IMPROVED CONDENSER AND FEED WATER HEATER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lachlan McIntyre at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1881.
LACHLAN MCINTYRE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED CONDENSER AND FEED WATER HEATER."
This Invention which relates to an improved condenser and feed water heater is
more especially applicable to steam launches, steam lighters, and other small craft.
The apparatus consists of a cylindrical or other suitably shaped vessel, having a
tube of large diameter inside it so as to produce a thin annular space, through or
into which the steam to be condensed can flow. This vessel is closed at the ends
by covers, and is so placed that the sea, river, or canal water is either pumped or
caused to flow through the central hollow space, thereby cooling it and producing
a sudden condensation of the steam in the annular space. This vessel is connected
to another circular vessel having also another annular space around it, through
which the feed water is pumped from the hot well to the boiler. The exhaust
steam in passing through the central tubular space gives up its heat to the feed
water in the surrounding space thereof, which is preferably of an area equal to that
of the feed pipe.
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-The exhaust steam in passing
through the tubular space is suddenly robbed of the greater part of its heat by the
feed water passing through the annular space. The residual steam on leaving the
tubular space then enters the annular space of the condenser, whose diameter
being so much larger than that of the tubular space, the said steam is suddenly
spread out into a thin layer in the annular space wherein it is instantly
condensed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO VEHICLES RUNNING ON INCLINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881. A communication
from abroad by Charles Lievens, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LIFTS, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO VEHICLES RUNNING ON INCLINES." A communi-
cation from abroad by Charles Lievens, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
This Invention relates chiefly to lifts for persons and goods in warehouses,
factories, mines, hotels, and other places, and has for its object to avoid accidents.
The cage or platform which supports the load is run on two vertical or inclined
iron rails by means of friction rollers, and brakes are constructed in such a manner
that a rupture of the cable from which the cage is suspended sets the brakes
automatically in action. The cage consists of two parts which are capable to
slide in each other. The first part or cage propor is composed of a crossbeam from
which descends at each end a pair of diverging rods carrying at their lower ends
the platform of the cage. To the platform are secured by screws and nuts four
links which extend downward, a horizontal brake lever being hinged to the lower
end of each link, and the inner end of each brake lever surrounds the vertical
(or inclined) guide. If now some accident causes a sudden descent of the platform,
the outer ends of the brake-levers share the motion of the platform and turn on
their pivots, thereby assuming an oblique position, and clipping the vertical guides
so as to prevent any further motion. The second part of the cage carries the
friction-rollers and the pivots of the brake levers, which are situated near the
inner ends of the latter. It is composed of a crossbeam (placed above the crossbeam
of the first part) containing one or more springs, and carrying at each end a
downward projecting frame, to which the friction-rollers and the pivots of the
brake-levers are secured.
The same system of brakes may also be applied to vehicles running on inclined
rails in mines, quarries, and other places.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAIRS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierotti Leone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1881.
PIEROTTI LEONE, of Genoa, in the Kingdom of Italy. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHAIRS."
My Invention relates to invalid chairs, so constructed that they can be used for
different purposes.
The improved invalid chair is adapted to be placed in the following positions :-
In the first position the chair serves as an ordinary arm chair, resting on rollers,
and having two sides and a movable back.
The second position is that of a reclining or sleeping chair, and is obtained by
letting down the back. Each of the two side posts of the back has a slot through
which passes the curved continuation of the side of the chair, said continuation
forming about a third of a circle with the lower end or pivot of the back as
centre, and to which the back can be fixed at various angles by a pin and
holes.
In the third position the front of the chair serves as a table for writing or
other purposes, by placing over the front ends of the sides a small board resting
on two pivoted arms, which, when not used, can be turned down to the sides of
the chair.
The chair is provided with a foot board secured to the front feet, and made in
two parts, which are hinged together.
.
The chair may also be used for the reception of excrements, a movable box being
placed under the back portion seat, which box, when drawn forward by a simple
inechanism, is automatically opened, so that it can be used by the patient, and
which is automatically closed again by moving it back into the original position.
The said box contains another box, which is hermetically closed by withdrawing it
from the outer box, so as to shut out the smell.
The chair is also applicable as a domestic vehicle, which allows the patient to
move from one room into another without leaving his chair. This motion is
obtained by turning a hand wheel, which by means of chains imparts motion to
toothed driving wheels.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR SECURING SCARF PINS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Foxlow, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Jeweller, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED SAFETY APPLIANCE
FOR SECURING SCARF PINS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Foxlow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1881.
JAMES FOXLOw, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Jeweller.
IMPROVED SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR SECURING SCARF PINS."
$6
AN
My Invention has for its object to so secure a scarf pin after it has been inserted
in the scarf as to prevent the loss of the pin or to render impossible or difficult its
abstraction without the consent of the wearer. To this end I secure the pin by
means of a cross pin, which is formed with a screw thread and with a suitable
head. A hole is drilled in the scarf pin at a suitable distance from the point, and
the said hole is tapped to suit the said cross pin. When the said cross pin is
screwed into the said hole it will not be possible to remove the scarf pin without
either breaking it or the cross pin or without removing the said cross pin.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Foxlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th August
1881.
JAMES FOXLOW, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Jeweller.
IMPROVED SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR SECURING SCARF PINS."
"AN
My Invention has for its object to so secure a scarf pin after it has been
inserted in the scarf as to prevent the loss of the pin or to render impossible or
difficult its abstraction without the consent of the wearer.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I have
hereunto annexed a Drawing to an enlarged scale of an ordinary scarf pin provided
with my improved safety appliance. The scarf pin a is drilled at any suitable
distance from the point, and the hole thus formed is tapped to receive a screwed
cross pin b, which is provided with a suitable head. In the Drawing the pin is
supposed to have been inserted into the scarf, indicated by the dotted lines c, and
when thus inserted the cross pin b is screwed into the hole formed for its reception.
When the said cross pin is screwed into the said hole it will not be possible to
remove the scarf pin without either breaking it or the cross pin or without removing
the said cross pin.
Having now described and particularly ascertained my said Invention, and the
inode of carrying the same into practical effect, I would have it to be understood
in conclusion that I claim,-
the
The employment of a removable cross pin or stop screwed into a scarf pin, for
purpose and substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Foxlow, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered in
the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
41, John Dalton St.,
Manchester,
(Agent for the Patentee).
JAMES FOXLOW. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William James Leopold Hollis, of Gainsford Street, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LUBRICANTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William James Leopold
Hollis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September
1881.
WILLIAM JAMES LEOPOLD HOLLIS, of Gainsford Street, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of lubricants.
For carrying out my Invention I mix together Russian tallow, castor oil in
combination with other vegetable oil or oils, and mineral oil, to which I add soda
and silicate of soda, the proportions of the several ingredients varying according to
the degree of heat to which the lubricant will be subjected when in use, a small
quantity of caustic potash being sometimes added.
For a more fluid lubricant the tallow may be omitted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William James Leopold Hollis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th February 1882.
WILLIAM JAMES LEOPOLD HOLLIS, of Gainsford Street, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of improved lubricants.
In carrying out my Invention I take about seventy parts by weight of tallow
(preferably Russian tallow), and melt the same in a steam jacketted pan with
water, or I otherwise wash or purify it. The tallow is then strained, and while still
in a liquid state I add to it about three and one quarter parts of caster oil, and about
ten and one quarter parts of either rape, olive, ground nut, or cotton seed oil, and
about three and one quarter parts of mineral oil, and mix the whole well together.
I then take about seven and one quarter parts of common soda, to which I add
about one and one quarter parts of caustic potash, about two and one half parts of
silicate of soda, and about two and one quarter parts of water, and after mixing
and straining these ingredients I add the same to the aforesaid mixture of tallow
and oil, and thoroughly mix the whole together, either by passing it through rolls
or otherwise.
For a more fluid lubricant the tallow, common soda, and caustic potash are
omitted and the proportion of water is increased, a small quantity of caustic soda
being employed in place of the common soda. The whole of the ingredients are
well mixed together to obtain the required fluidity.
Although I have given the proportions which I have found to answer well in
practice, it will be understood that these proportions may be somewhat varied.
Having thus described my Invention, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim is,
The manufacture of improved lubricants by mixing and combining together
the herein before described ingredients, substantially in the manner and in the
-proportions above indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William James Leopold-Hollis,-have-hereto.
set my hand and seal, this Twenty eighth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF RECOVERING NITRIC, SULPHURIC, AND MURIATIC ACIDS FROM THE BYE PRODUCTS OF THE MANUFACTURE OF NITRO-BENZOLE OR OTHER MANUFACTURES WHEREIN MIXED ACIDS ARE EMPLOYED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Deucker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1881.
"IMPROVE-
JOHN DEUCKER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF RECOVERING NITRIC, SULPHURIC, AND MURIATIC
ACIDS FROM THE BYE PRODUCTS OF THE MANUFACTURE OF NITRO-BENZOLE OR
OTHER MANUFACTURES WHEREIN MIXED ACIDS ARE EMPLOYED."
This Invention relates to a method of recovering the acids from the bye products
of the manufacture of nitro-benzole, aniline dyes, or other manufactures wherein
mixed acids are employed, such recovered acids being either used over again in the
same processes or manufacture, or otherwise utilized.
In the manufacture of nitro-benzole by the treatment of benzole or naphtha with
nitro-sulphuric acid, after the nitro sulphuric acid has become separated by
subsidence from the nitro-benzole (owing to difference between their specific
gravities), I draw off the mixed acids, and put them into a suitable pan, or a series
of pans or glasses, connected with any suitable arrangement of condensing apparatus
and draught pipes, and I apply heat to the pan (or pans or glasses) into which
the mixed acids have been charged, which will have the effect of evaporating the
nitric acid, and thus separating it from the dilute sulphuric acid. The vapor and
nitric acid thus driven off is arrested and condensed in any suitable known
manner, and thus nitric acid is obtained.
I then boil the dilute sulphuric acid or vitriol (left in the pans or glasses) until
it arrives at the required density, when it may be re-used for the same purpose, or
otherwise utilized as required.
By these means I am enabled to recover the nitric and sulphuric acids from the
bye products of the manufacture of nitro-benzole, without the use of chlorine or its
compounds, or of any other oxydizing agent or agents.
In recovering the acids from the bye-products of the manufacture of aniline dyes,
wherein the mixed acids contained are sulphuric and muriatic, I employ the same
process; first, driving off the muriatic acid by evaporation, and collecting and
condensing the same, and then concentrating the remaining dilute sulphuric acid
by boiling until it assumes the density required.
And it will be evident that this process is also equally applicable to the bye
products of other manufactures wherein mixed acids are employed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRESSED GLASS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Sowerby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1881.
JOHN GEORGE SOWERBY, of Ellison Glass Works, Gateshead on Tyne, in the
County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PRESSED GLASS."
My Invention relates to the use of the process of pressing glass for the
production of patterns hitherto only obtained by the blowing process, and consists
in adapting to what are known as deep cylinder moulds a pillar or corrugated
plunger, which produces a pattern inside the article manufactured, thereby
increasing the brilliancy thereof.
By any improved method the same or better results are obtained than by the
blowing process at considerably less cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick McClure Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1881.
FREDERICK MCCLURE SCOTT, of 89, Victoria Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASKS."
This Invention has reference to a machine or apparatus for cutting true staves
for casks or barrels. The machine is so arranged that the stave is cut to the proper
bevel according to the diameter of cask or barrel intended for, and to this end there
is used a pair of knives so arranged and guided as when operated to travel in two
planes, which produced, would intersect each other at a line coincident with the
axis of the intended barrel.
In one form of machine, suitable for bulge barrels, wherein the staves are wider
in the middle than at the ends, the two knives travel diagonally with each other
in two planes described by two sides of an isosceles triangle, whose base is upper-
most, thus were the knives or their path produced the same would meet in a line
coincident with the imaginary axis of the finished cask or barrel. The cutting
knives are made to travel in slots or guides in levers that are jointed together or
connected by a fixed pin placed in the apex of the triangle.
A lower templet bar with fixed knives is also secured to the above mentioned
levers, and at a distance from the lever pins equal to the radius of the required
finished cask or barrel. The templet on which the staves to be treated are placed
is made in two pieces lengthwise; each piece is secured at the ends to the movable
levers; thus by opening or closing the levers both the cutters and fixed knives are
made to travel together, always keeping in position with each other for. cutting.
Thus the levers may be opened or closed to suit the required width of stave to be
cut, and the knives travel in the proper direction for giving the necessary and
correct bevel for the diameter of barrel required. In this machine, as made for
bulge barrels, the under templet is made the same shape as a section of the finished
barrel, that is, bulged in the centre, also rounded in the face. When the stave is
placed on the templet a bar is caused to lower by means of cranks and hand levers
on to the top of the stave to be treated, thus forcing it to the shape of the
Davine 9.17

page_text: templet, which is also a segment of a finished barrel, and holding it down until
the knives descend in a slanting direction and cut the stave to the required width
and bevel.
The knives are suitably actuated, this being effected in one arrangement with
cranks, connecting-rods, a foot lever, and other parts.
The levers are when opened or closed to the required width held fast in that
position by screws to the main frame sides.
Various arrangements of machine may be constructed to operate on the
principle of my Invention, as above set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Montagu Donington
Clotworthy Upton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
21st March 1881.
•
HENRY EDWARD MONTAGU DONINGTON CLOTWORTHY UPTON, of Newcastle
on Tyne, in the County of Northumberland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC
LAMPS."
My Invention relates to electric lamps of the kind in which the illumination is
produced by the incandescence of carbon or other suitable material through which
an electric current is passed, the object which I have in view being to provide for
the automatic feed of the carbon in a simple manner. For this purpose I rest the
end of a vertical carbon upon two studs or rollers, which are the terminals of the
conductors to and from the lamp, the carbon bearing on those studs by its own
weight and sinking downwaads as its lower portion becomes 'consumed. The
electricity passing from the one stud to the other through the lowest part of the
carbon heats it to incandescence, thereby producing illumination. The carbon may
be pressed against the studs by a weight or spring, and in that case it may be
directed upwards or at any desired inclination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING JUTE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Graham Young at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1881.
THOMAS GRAHAM YOUNG, of Penicuik, in the County of Midlothian, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING JUTE."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in bleaching jute, consists in
treating jute in the bleaching process with a solution of the sulphuret, otherwise
known as the sulphide, of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, or barium, and
with a liquor composed of a solution of chlorine and an alkali, such as chlorine and
soda, chlorine and potash, or chlorine and magnesia, or chlorine and alumina. The
aforesaid treatment may be conducted in close vessels with or without the addition
of heat or pressure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Graham Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th April 1882.
THOMAS GRAHAM YOUNG, of Penicuik, in the County of Midlothian, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING JUTE."
My said Invention, which relates to improvements in bleaching jute, consists in
submitting the jute fibres to the following treatment: -In carrying out my
Invention I firstly soak the jute fibres in an alkaline sulpbide or sulphuret solution,
such, for example, as the sulphides or sulphurets of the alkaline metals, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, calcium, or barium, until the desired degree of softening
has been effected. The jute thus treated is washed and then submitted to the
action of a bleaching agent or liquid composed of a solution of chlorine and an
alkali other than chloride of lime, such, for example, as chlorine and soda, chlorine
and potash, chlorine and magnesia, until the desired bleaching results are obtained.
The aforesaid treatment may be conducted in closed or open vessels and with or
without the aid of heat or pressure.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,
First. The treatment of jute with soluble alkaline sulphides or sulphurets, in the
manner and for the purposes as hereinbefore described.
Second. The treatment of jute which has been previously submitted to the
action of an alkaline sulphide or sulphuret with solutions of bleaching agents or
compounds composed of a solution of chlorine and an alkali other than the chloride
of lime, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Graham Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING CHEESE, BREAD, BUTTER, LARD, PRESSED MEAT, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Richardson, of Gainsborough, in the County
of Lincoln, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING CHEESE, BREAD, BUTTER, LARD,
PRESSED MEAT, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1881.
JONATHAN RICHARDSON, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING CHEESE,
BREAD, BUTTER, LARD, PRESSED MEAT, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has for object improvements in instruments or apparatus for
cutting or dividing cheese, bread, butter, lard, pressed meat, and other substances.
In one form of apparatus, according to my Invention, a knife or blatle provided
with handles slides in or on a vertical guide or guides. The lower extremity of
the guide, or of each of the guides, is connected to a table or tray; and when more
than one guide is employed their upper extremities are or may be coupled together
by a rod, serving either as a tie rod or a strut.
The table or tray may be an integral part of the apparatus, or the apparatus
may be fixed to an ordinary table, such as a shop counter.
In operation, the substance to be cut or divided is laid upon the table or tray
in the path of the knife or blade, which is grasped by the handles and forced
through it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CORKSCREWS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pitt and John Thomas
Norgrove at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October
1881.
JOSEPH PITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker, and
JOHN THOMAS NORGROVE, of Birmingham aforesaid, Pattern Maker. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CORKSCREWS."
Our Invention consists of the improvements in corkscrews herein after described,
whereby great facility and efficiency in use, combined with simplicity of manu-
facture, are secured.
In constructing a corkscrew according to our Invention we connect the worm-
which enters the cork to a quick threaded screwed stem, the threads of the worm
and screwed stem respectively being inclined in opposite directions, the thread of
the worm being right handed, and the thread of the screwed stem being left
handed. The handle of the corkscrew carries an oblong frame on its underside,
the bottom of the said frame consisting of a strong screw box for the screwed stem
carrying the worm to work in. The upper end of the screwed stem is connected
by a swivelling joint to a cross bar or plate which slides upon the parallel sides of
the corkscrew frame. The said cross bar or plate constitutes a sliding bearing for
the upper end of the screwed stem to work in, and also serves for the fingers to
grasp in withdrawing the cork. In using our improved corkscrew the sliding
bearing carrying the screwed stem is moved to the bottom of the frame, and the
point of the worm is placed upon the cork to be drawn.
Pressure is then applied to the corkscrew in the direction of the cork. The
screwed stem is thereby made to retire in its screw box in the corkscrew frame,
and a rotary motion is given to the said stem. As the screwed stem retires in its
screw box the worm attached to it is rotated in the same direction; but in con-
sequence of the direction of the thread of the worm the latter is made to advance
into the cork. The worm of the corkscrew having in this way been driven home
into the cork, the moveable plate or bearing carrying the screwed stem abuts
against the underside of the handle of the corkscrew, when, by grasping the said
handle and plate or bearing, the cork may be withdrawn in the usual way. Thus

page_text: the mere pushing of the corkscrew towards the cork, the worm bearing on the
cork causes the rotation of the worm in the direction proper to cause it to enter
the cork.
In order to remove the cork from the worm the cork is pulled outward or from
the corkscrew. By this motion the screwed stem is made to advance out of its
screw box and the worm thereby made to unscrew itself from the cork, the said
worm and screwed stem being left in a position ready for use.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ORNAMENTING OR DECORATING THE COVERS OR SURFACES OF BOOKS, CIGAR OR CIGARETTE CASES, PURSES, BOXES, AND OTHER ARTICLES COVERED WITH LEATHER, CLOTH, OR OTHER PLIANT OR YIELDING MATERIAL OR FABRIC
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Dee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1881.
LOUIS DEE, of Sherwood Street, in the County of Middlesex, Silversmith.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ORNAMENTING OR DECORATING THE COVERS OR
SURFACES OF BOOKS, CIGAR OR CIGARETTE CASES, PURSES, BOXES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES COVERED WITH LEATHER, CLOTH, OR OTHER PLIANT OR YIELDING
MATERIAL OR FABRIC."
My Invention relates to an improved method of ornamenting or decorating the
covers or surfaces of books, cigar or cigarette cases, purses, boxes, and other articles
covered with leather, cloth, or other pliant or yielding material or fabric, and in
carrying the same into effect I first prepare or provide a pattern plate in metal,
bone; leather, millboard, or other suitably rigid material, and engrave or emboss
the same with the required device, design, or mark I wish to produce, be it a
monogram, coronet, crest, &c., and I cut or stamp out all those portions unnecessary
to such device, and I groove, channel, "hollow," or lower those places where the
lines of the device or design must cross each other.
The pattern plate thus prepared is then fixed by cement or otherwise to the
material forming the cover or other desired part of the article to be decorated or
ornamented:
The plate bearing the device, design, or mark, being affixed, it is covered with
leather, cloth, or other suitably pliant or yielding material (previously coated with
cement) destined to form the surface of the article, and after the said plate is
interposed between the material forming the cover or other part of the article and
the covering material thereof I pass a style or other appropriate tool around the
contour or outline of the design or device over the open portions and face thereof
and along the grooves or "hollows." This operation causes the covering material
to be depressed or sunk in the open portions of the plate to be stretched over and
adhere to the face of same, and to adhere to the foundation or cover or other part of
the article, thereby causing the solid portions of the plate to stand out in bold
relief, and to produce an extremely ornamental or decorative effect.

page_text: Or instead of cutting or stamping out the device, design, or mark, and then
applying it to the article in the manner above set forth, the device or design may
be cut or stamped out directly in the cover or other part of the article to be
ornamented, and then covered and operated on in like manner to that herein before
described.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hiram Swift at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1881.
*
HIRAM SWIFT, of Stalybridge, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic. IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON PIPES AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of cast iron pipes and similar articles,
and it comprises arrangements by which the mould, is formed by mechanical
means.
The Invention consists of an upright circular pattern having at its base a toothed
wheel, the centre of which works upon a vertical worm; the toothed wheel is
actuated by two pinions sliding on square upright shafts, which may be driven by
bevel wheels or otherwise.
The toothed wheel has a boss cast on the underside, which passes through the
centre of a guide or lifting plate, to which it is attached by a loose overlapping
flange secured to the boss by set screws or bolts. The guide or lifting plate has
two circular holes to fit bosses cast on the lower side of the pinions through which
pass the two square upright shafts, and having angles at each corner corresponding
to the four upright stanchions forming the framework. The pattern is raised by
the toothed wheel being revolved on the upright worm, and the guide plate
attached to it raises the pinions on the square shafts, from which the motion is
derived.
The top of the pattern is fitted with a loose rammer. blade, consisting of a section
of a screw of greater pitch than the central worm; the pitch may be varied
according to circumstances.
The inside of the pattern at the top has two vertical grooves terminating in
horizontal slots, in which two projecting pins underneath the rammer plate fit. To
secure it to the pattern, the rammer blade extends beyond the outside of the
pattern, and as the pattern rises through a platform forming the top of the
framework into an upright moulding box sitting thereon, it presses the sand, which
is thrown into the top of the moulding box, firmly between the pattern and the
מ
.

page_text: inside of the moulding box. The centre of the platform is fitted with a short
inovable pattern to form a flange or socket, as may be required, through the inside
of which the other pattern rises; this small pattern is raised and depressed by a
lever fork which is actuated by a horizontal worm.
The top part of the mould for forming the upper flange or socket, as may be 5
desired, is made after the rising pattern is rammed up, by putting in a flange or
socket pattern and finishing the mould by hand in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STEAM BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Climenson Yelverton Charles Dawbarn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1881.
CLIMENSON YELVERTON CHARLES DAWBARN, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO STEAM BOILERS AND APPARATUS
FOR SUPERHEATING STEAM."
The object of my Invention is to obtain a greater pressure from the steam
generated by a given quantity of fuel that I can find has hitherto been the case.
It is very usual to superheat the steam in various ways before leaving the boiler,
but I find that much better results are obtained by superheating the steam after it
passes from the boiler.
My Invention consists in taking the steam generated in the boiler and passing it
through pipes which in the form of a coil or other form I place along the crown of
the furnace in the flues or in any other suitable place where the heat can be
applied, and thus use the full force of furnace for superheating the steam.
In order to prevent the decomposition of the steam through the heating of the
pipes to redness when the current of steam through them is stopped, I connect the
pipes by suitable taps at any convenient place to the boiler, through which water
can be admitted any time when it is desirable to do so.
As more heat is required in henting steam one degree than is required to heat
water one degree, it will be seen that the advantages gained by superheating the
steam direct by the heated gases from the furnace will be a considerable increase of
pressure and saving of fuel as compared with the present system of applying
practically all the heat to the water.
The steam after passing through the pipes in the boiler is led direct to the
engine, or else accumulated in a steam chest where it can come into use and the
power be applied.
AN IMPROVED MANU- FACTURE OF EXTRACT OF COffee
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Paul at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1881.
CARL PAUL, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, and temporarily of Howland
Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED MANU-
FACTURE OF EXTRACT OF COffee."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of an improved extract of coffee from
the fruit of the coffee plant alone without admixture of chicory or other adulterant,
a new substitute therefor being found in a part of the fruit of the coffee plant
which has hitherto been wasted, namely, the envelope or berry in which the coffee
beans are enclosed, and which may be obtained for the mere cost of carriage.
My Invention therefore consists in the manufacture of an extract possessing all
the characteristic principles or qualities of pure coffee, and in the utilization of a
waste material whereby the cost of manufacture is considerably reduced.
The process of manufacturing the improved extract is as follows:-
The coffee beans are roasted in the usual way, but not too dark, in fact rather
lighter than usual, and afterwards ground rather finely.
The ground coffee is then steeped in boiled water, the temperature being
reduced to from 75° to 85° F., in a well closed cylinder for a few hours, after
which it is removed and submitted to powerful pressure in a hydraulic press. For
this purpose the infusion may be placed in a cylinder fitted with a piston and
provided with channels or other means of escape for the liquid froin beneath the
piston, in such manner that all the liquid is expressed and the residuo left dry
and without smell, all the aromatic and characteristic principles of the coffee
having been extracted by the liquid.
The envelopes or shells of the beans, which have hitherto been entirely useless,
but which contain 25 to 30 per cent. of the principles of coffee, are roasted and
ground in the same way as the coffee bean itself, and mixed with the ground
coffee and treated in the manner above described.
The extract is to be put up in bottles or other receptacles sealed air tight for
sale.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ORNA- MENTATION OF TWEED CLOTHS
Year: 1881

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Fraser Watson and Thomas
Lindsay Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
18th February 1881.
ROBERT FRASER WATSON and THOMAS LINDSAY WATSON, both of Hawick, in
the County of Roxburgh, North Britain. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ORNA-
MENTATION OF TWEED CLOTHS."
This Invention, which relates to an improvement in the ornamentation of tweed
cloths, consists in the introduction of tinsel or gold and silver wire or thread,
or gilded and silvered wire and thread or tinsel, or wire and thread of other metals,
so as to produce spots or star of a bright or glistening appearance on the surface of
the cloth. This is effected by twisting or wrapping at intervals on either the
warp or weft, or both, fibrous portions or bands of tinsel, or of gold or silver wire
or thread, or of gilded or silvered wire or thread, or tinsel wire or thread of other
metals, which in the course of weaving are thrown up on the surface of the cloth.
The cloth after being woven is finished after the usual manner of finishing tweed
cloths.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS FOR BATH AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wyman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1881.
WILLIAM WYMAN, of Southgate Street, in the City and County of Gloucester,
Gas Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS FOR BATH AND OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to heat water and other liquids rapidly and at a
small expense. With this object I make a cylindrical or other case of whatever
metal I may prefer, and I may fit a cover thereto with a central aperture. Inside
this casing I place discs of metal formed in the following manner :-One set of
these discs are of a smaller diameter than the casing, and have their edges turned
up or have a groove formed round their edges, and a series of holes are bored
through these discs inside the turned up edges or in the grooves.
The other set of
these discs are of the same diameter as the casing, and have a hole formed in the
centre of each disc. Any number of these discs are placed alternately in the
cylindrical casing, and secured in any way I may prefer at the required distance
one above the other. In the lower part of the casing is the frustrum of a cone, the
lower edge of which is secured to the bottom of the cylindrical case and made
water tight. The water entering through the aperture in the cover falls on, say,
one of the small discs, finds its way through the holes round the edge, and drops
on the annular disc below, from which it again fails through the centre hole on the
next small disc, and so on, until it reaches the lowest small disc, which has no
holes through it, but is fitted with pipes to carry the water into the space between
the frustrum of the cone and the casing, from whence it is drawn by a pipe. Inside
the cone or underneath the cylinder is the gas burner, which heats the water as it
falls from disc to disc; but I may use any other mode of obtaining and applying
heat that I may prefer. The cylindrical case and its burner or heat producer may
be placed wherever is requisite.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METAL SUBSTITUTE FOR PUTTY FOR GLAZING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Fletcher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1881.
FREDERICK WILLIAM FLETCHER, of Great George Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METAL SUBSTITUTE FOR PUTTY
FOR GLAZING PURPOSES."
According to my Invention instead of using putty for glazing I take a length or
strip of thin hard metal or alloy curved in its width, which is fixed to any ordinary
glazing bar in such a position that one edge of its convex surface shall press firmly
and evenly on the surface of the glass. It will be found that by using thin hard
metal curved and placed as above, that on account of the springiness of the said
metal the glass will be held firmly thereby without any undue pressure being
exerted at any point thereof, and that the metal will give and adapt itself to any
unevenness in the glass.
I can apply my Invention to any ordinary description of glazing or sash bar,
but in some cases where a special bar is used it would be found preferable to
apply the aforesaid metal lengths to both the upper and under surfaces of the
glass. I employ one or more lengths or strips of curved metal, according to the
length of the glazing or sash bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BLUE AND VIOLET COLOURS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dr. Wilhelm Majert at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1881..
Dr. WILHELM MAJERT, of Heidelberg, Germany: "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF BLUE AND VIOLET COLOURS."
Treating an alcaline solution of 1 mol. of the substance resulting from the
reaction of sulphurous salts (N H₁) 2 S O, upon nitroso- or nitrodimethylic aniline
CH,
CH,
C, H, N
or C, H, N
N.O.
CHB
CH,
N.O₂
(sulphonacid salt of the amidodimethylic aniline)
and 2 mol. of mono- or bihydroxylised aromatic carburets of hydrogen with an
oxydising agent, one obtains blue and violet colours.
N
Example.-17 lbs. of paranitrosodimethylic aniline (C. H. NO CH3) dissolved in
11 gallons of alcohol and 34 lbs. of sulphite of ammonia (N H₁) 2 SO, dissolved in
8 gallons of water are heated during 10 hours at a temperature of 100 degrees of
Celsius. Then the alcohol is to be drawn off and recovered by distillation. The
residue is to be mixed with 16 lbs. of phenole, and 12 lbs. of caustic soda, and
120 gallons of water. This mixture has to be oxydised by 19 lbs. of bichromate of
potash dissolved in 45 gallons of water. Upon applying a weak acetification to the
liquid the colour is precipitated in flakes. The flakes are then to be washed and
pressed, by which method the colour will be obtained in the shape of paste ready
for practical commercial use.
Claim for Patent.-Production of colours by oxydation in alcaline, neutral or
weak acid solution of a mixture of mono- or bihydroxylised substances derived from
aromatic carburets of hydrogen or from their substitutes, and of the sulphonic-acids
of aromatic diamines derived from the primary, secondary, and tertiary aromatic
amines.