matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BICHROMATE OF POTASH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1874.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Newcastle, in the County of Northumberland,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BICHROMATE OF POTASH," to be as
follows:-
The object of my present Invention is to simplify the manufacture of
the bichromate of potash, and to cheapen its cost, when desired, by using
a compound alkali instead the pure carbonate of potash.
My improved method consists in more intimately mixing the charge
for the furnace than can be done by the usual mechanical means.
first heat a quantity of ground chromate of iron ore in a suitable
furnace; I then take about one-third of its weight of carbonate of
I then
potash and mix it with water to the consistency of thin cream.
mix the hot ore and potash into a paste, so that the said ore and alkali
are brought intimately into contact. Or instead of the carbonate of
potash alone, I use a compound alkali formed of about two-thirds by

page_text: weight of potash, and about one-third of the carbonate of soda.
With the said compound I mix in a pug mill or other suitable appa-
ratus a quantity of finely ground unburnt Irish lime, about equal
in weight to that used for the charge. I then transfer this mixture or
compound to the hearth of a reverberatory furnace, and after it has
attained a full red heat I agitate or stir the mass and turn it over by
means of a paddle, rake, or other suitable appliance; and into and
through the said mass I force a current of oxygen gas, to more
thoroughly and more speedily complete the combination of the chromium
with the alkali and thus complete the operation.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING TEETH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hippolyte Touaillon, of Paris, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING TEETH." -A communication from
Louis Jean Paul Eugène Gaillard, residing at No. 72, Boulevard
Sébastopol. Paris. France. D.M.. Surgeon Dentist.

page_text: return at their first position, and the spring stretches after each stroke.
The stroke is more or less strong by turning from left to right, or vice
versa, the head c, the position of the disk & being thus altered, and
consequently the degree of tension of the spiral spring e. The power of
the stroke may beforehand be regulated by means of the graduated 5
scale f, according as the operation requires.
Having thus described the said Invention, and the manner of carrying
it into effect, I wish to be understood that I do not confine myself to
precise details above enumerated, as these may obviously be modified
without departing from the principle of the Invention; but what I 1
claim and desire to secure by the Letters Patent is, the new and
improved apparatus for stopping teeth with a suitable metal, substantially
as above described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Hippolyte Touaillon, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the 1
year of our Lord Eighteen hundred and seventy-four.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR ROTATORY, PUDDLING, OR OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICAION left by Richard Lester and William
Longstaff Fallows at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th June 1874.
WC, RICHARD LESTER and WILLIAM LONGSTAFF FALLOWS, both of
Middlesbrough, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR
ROTATORY, PUDDLING, OR OTHER MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
furnaces for rotatory, puddling, or other machines, and relates to the
construction thereof with a water block or bosh, for economising and
protecting the brickwork, or to serve as a substitute for brickwork in the
neck and over the bridge of the furnace. This water bosh forms an arch
or passage which is lined with ganister, firc-clay, or other suitable
material, retained in place by projections formed or provided for
supporting such lining in the arch or passage formed by the water block
or bosh. The water block or bosh is constructed so that it may be used
for conveying blast into the revolver, rotating barrel, or converter, and is
so arranged that the water is kept in circulation, thereby keeping the
block or bosh perfectly cool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LACING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Nash and William Mark
Streeter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th December 1874.
We, CALEB NASH; of Shere, near Guildford, Surrey, Boot Maker, and
WILLIAM MARK STREETER, of the same Place, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LACING BOOTS AND
SHOES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lacing boots and
shoes.
Hitherto great inconvenience and annoyance has been experienced by
persons wearing lace up boots or shoes from the present method of lacing
them up by hand, such disadvantages arising from the time consumed
by the wearer in the act of lacing and unlacing, the frequent breaking
of the laces during the operation, and their liability to come undone.
Likewise persons wearing side spring boots are subjected to considerable
expense and discomfort consequent upon the excessive expansion of the
elastic webbing resulting from the heat of the foot of the wearer,
whereby it becomes inconveniently large and loose for the ankle, and its

page_text: susceptibility to become worn and threadbare caused by the combined
friction of the ankles and of the lower portions of the dress of the wearer
against such webbing.
Now in order to obviate these various disadvantages and at the same
time to preserve all the appearance of a hand laced boot or shoe we
proceed as follows:-In the opening in the front of the boot or shoe
wherein a leathern tongue is ordinarily inserted we first place a thin
leather tongue secured to the boot at the bottom in the ordinary way,
and when in a boot furnished at the top with a loop to enable the wearer
to pull on the same. Above this we place a piece of elastic webbing
which is secured to the bottom and sides of the before-mentioned
opening in the front of the boot or shoe; we then place above this a
second or outer thin leather tongue secured to the boot in a similar
manner as the first; after which we insert through the ordinary holes
provided for this purpose a stout elastic lace, preferably of a flat shape,
so as in a great degree to prevent wear from friction, and having inserted
such elastic lace we securely fasten the same to the top of the boot or
shoe; it is thus only necessary for the wearer to draw on the boot in a
similar manner as any ordinary elastic side spring boot is drawn on,
thereby thoroughly obviating the inconvenience hitherto resulting from
lacing and unlacing, at the same time that by our improved principle of
manufacturing boots or shoes great elasticity is imparted to the front to
meet the play of the instep in walking; great neatness of appearance
united to great strength is also ensured at the same time that its wearing
and lasting qualities are proportionately increased owing to all liability
to wear from frictional contact being entirely avoided, the first leather
tongue serving to preserve the elastic lining from excessive expansion
arising from the heat of the foot, and the second leather tongue pre-
venting friction between it and the outer elastic lace.
AN IMPROVED BROOCH FASTENER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Aslin and Richard
Warner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th December 1874.
We, JAMES ASLIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, and RICHARD WARNER, of the same Place, Commercial Tra-
veller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED BROOCH FASTENER, to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of a flat strip of metal, to one end of which
is hinged a small picce of metal, to which an ordinary brooch pin is
attached in a loop formed by the folding over of the metal, and raised
above the strip, so as to keep the pin somewhat above it. The other end
of the flat strip is passed into a metal case or sheath just sufficiently wide
to receive it; and through the upper surface of this sheath a slit or
groove is cut at the opposite end to which the strip is inserted, and of
any required length; the end of the strip is then turned up through
this groove, so as to form a stop and prevent the entire withdrawal of the
strip from out of the sheath. Upon the same end of the sheath as that
having the groove. is fixed a small tube, by preference wide mouthed,

page_text: tapering to receive and protect the point of the pin. The back of the
sheath is then soldered or otherwise fastened to the brooch.
To fasten the brooch the flat strip is withdrawn from the sheath as far
as the groove and stop will allow, the pin being then inserted into the
article to be fastened is slid forward into the tube and secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WOOLLEN OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jubb and John Drans-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd October 1874.
We, CHARLES JUBB and JOHN DRANSFIELD, both of Dewsbury, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WOOLLEN OR
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to those feeding machines of ordinary con-
struction which are placed between "scribbling" and carding machines.
The object of our Invention is to make a clean cut across the sheet
of wool or other fibrous substance after the "bobbin or roller has been
filled.
For the above purpose we provide a knife the full width of the sheet,
supported at its ends in the framework and placed between the con-
tinuous feeding sheet and the "bobbin" or roller. At one or both ends
of the knife is provided a crank handle or equivalent mechanical device,
whereby the knife can be brought in contact with the wool or other

page_text: fibrous sheet, severing it across perfectly straight. This cutting or
separating operation has hitherto been done by hand, whereby the sheet
was torn very unevenly, which had the effect of not only producing
a great waste of material, but also an uneven yarn and much waste of
time.
The knife may either be provided with teeth on its edge or be per-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING COATINGS OF TIN, SOLDER, OR ZINC, OR COMBINATIONS THEREOF, FROM IRON
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Morton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th December 1874.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE MORTON, of Lynton Street, Bermondsey, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
SEPARATING COATINGS OF TIN, SOLDER, OR ZINC, OR COMBINATIONS THEREOF, FROM
IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to afford a simple, economical, and efficient
means of separating the tin from the iron of tin plate scraps, and
generally for separating from iron or other metal, tin, solder, or zinc, or
mixtures thereof, which may be attached thereto in the form of a coating.
For this purpose I submit the tin plate scraps or other combination of
metals to be separated to the operation of a blast or currents of highly
heated air within an encased or jacketed cylindrical or other vessel or
chamber provided with a perforated false bottom or grating in such
manner as to melt the coating of tin, solder, or zinc, or mixture of these,
causing it to leave the iron or other metal to which it has been attached,
and to pass off through the perforated false bottom or grating. I cause
"

page_text: a blast of air 'to pass through or over a fire in a suitable furnace, thence
along a flue into the jacket surrounding the melting vessel or chamber.
The internal shell or case of the melting vessel or chamber is formed with
holes or ways for the passage of the heated air from the jacket into the
melting chamber, where it is diffused and caused to act upon the tin
plate scraps or other substances to be operated upon as aforesaid, which
substances are simultaneously agitated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC CASES FOR PRESERVED PROVISIONS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Townshend Griffin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1874.
I, TOWNSHEND GRIFFIN, of Bayonne, in the Republic of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METALLIC CASES FOR PRESERVED PROVISIONS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in metallic cases for preserved
provisions and other articles, whereby such cases can be opened to get
at the contents without the necessity of using a knife, as is now done;
it also permits of the cases being reused, the body of the lid being simply
separated at the meeting edges without destroying either of them.
The Invention consists in fitting a wire, strip of metal, or its equi-
valent, in the overlap or the solder joint, as desired, and with the ends
of the wire projecting or free, so that by pulling at one of them the
overlap or the solder joint becomes separated and the case opened.

page_text: Instead of the wire being in the overlap or in the solder joint it can
be arranged within the case, one of its ends being soldered only, so that
by pulling at the other or free end either the joint opens or the metal of
the case is torn asunder.
The main feature in the Invention is the employment of a wire within
the case or its lid, the wire being so arranged that by a pull an opening
of the case is effected, as and for the purposes above referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOT AIR BATHS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Money at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
5th December 1874.
I, FREDERICK JOHN MONEY, of No. 1, Marlborough Place, Brighton,
Doctor in Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOT AIR BATHS," to be as
follows, viz. :-
I use a stove consisting of a central cylinder heated by coke, gas, or
other fuel, and provided with extensive radiating surfaces constructed in
the form known as "gills" or otherwise. This stove is made very low,
so as to be capable of being placed under the seat of an ordinary chair.
It has an opening below for admission of air, and is provided with a flue
above at such a height as to be received without difficulty under the arch
of any common register stove, so as to discharge into the chimney. A
small tube communicating with bellows enters this flue between the stove
and the chimney, with its orifice directed towards the chimney, by means
of which arrangement a strong draught can be created through the stove,
and all the products of combustion can be effectually drawn through the
flue and got rid of up the chimney. Over this stove I place a seat lined

page_text: with fireproop material for the person desiring to take a hot air bath to
sit on.
The bather is surrounded with air-proof fabrics in such a.way
as to form a close chamber, in which a very high temperature can be
easily kept up.
I claim for this Invention the merit of supplying simply and cheaply, 5
in a portable form and in any ordinary room, a hot dry air bath exactly
similar in its nature and effects to the so called " Turkish baths," with
certain marked-advantages, viz. :- -
1st. The bather is not compelled as in the ordinary Turkish bath to
breathe the hot air in which his body is immersed, but may if he choose 1
either keep his head outside the close chamber altogether, or breathe the
outside cool air thro' a short tube and mouth-piece attached to the
side of the said chamber, at the same time that his body remains exposed
to a very high temperature within.
2ndly. The products of combustion are got rid of, and only a pure dry 1
heated air fills the chamber, thus my bath differs altogether in principle
from the several lamp baths now in use.
3rd. Owing to the very rapid production of heat caused by having a
large body of fire directly beneath the seat it is practicable, without
materially reducing the temperature, to obtain. efficient ventilation. 2
Openings may be left at the bottom and top of the enclosing apparatus
for the admission of pure and the escape of vitiated air, vitiated, that
is, by matters given off from the body of the bather, a point which when
the bath is used for depurative purposes in disease, is obviously a matter
of the greatest importance.
4thly. By means of my apparatus, oxygen, mercury, sulphur, or other
gascous or vaporized substance can readily be presented to the surface
of the body under circumstances most favourable to absorption.
2
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Colby Emery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1874.
I, ALFRED COLBY EMERY, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved valve for watercloset basins,
whereby the entrance to the soil pipe is at all times closed air and
water tight, so that the ordinary D or syphon trap is not required; and
in ships the closet may be fixed below the water line, so rendering
unnecessary a water elevator for supplying the closet with water.
My Invention consists in the use of a valve similar to a rotary or
plug valve, the valve or plug being provided with one, two, or more
recesses, which are successively made to coincide with the outlet of the
basin. The arrangement I prefer is a conical plug of considerable
diameter ground or made tight by packings in a corresponding shell or
cylinder disposed horizontally beneath the closet basin, and having two
openings, one on the upper side corresponding with the outlet of the

page_text: basin, and one on the under side fitted on the soil pipe. The plug has
several recesses in its periphery, each corresponding in size and shape
to the said openings, and the deposit is received in the uppermost recess
in the plug, which is then partly rotated until the recess coincides with,
and discharges its contents into the soil pipe. The plug is rotated by
a ratchet lever in connection with the ordinary pull handle, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING OR FINISHING GLUE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Turney and Frederick
Nicholson Turney at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd January 1874.
We, JOHN TURNEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, and FREDERICK NICHOLson Turney, of Stourbridge, in the
County of Worcester, Manager of Glue Works, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING
OR FINISHING GLUE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing and arranging in the manner
herein-after described the parts of apparatus for drying or finishing glue,
by the use of which apparatus the drying or finishing of the glue is
effected in an efficient and economical manner.
In constructing apparatus according to our Invention we arrange two
horizontal air-tight drying passages, the said passages being parallel to
one another, and connected with each other at one end, thus constituting
a continuous passage folded or doubled upon its self at its middle. This
doubled drying passage may be made of brickwork or of iron. It is
preferred to make it of about 2 feet 6 inches wide, and 4 feet 6 inches

page_text: high, and of any convenient length. Access to each branch or part of
the doubled drying passage is obtained by a door, which may be fastened
down air-tight by screws and nuts. One end of the drying passage
opens into the case of an exhaust fan, which may be worked by steam
or other power, so as to produce by exhaust a current of air through the
drying passage, and the other end of the drying passage opens into a hot
air stove heated by steam pipes.
The glue to be dried having been placed on wire nets is lowered
through the doors into the drying passage, and packed or arranged
therein by the workmen. After the drying passage has been filled with 1
the glue the doors are closed and fastened down. The exhaust fan is
next set in motion, and a continuous current of properly heated air from
the hot air stove is exhausted from or drawn through the drying passage,
and the glue in the said passage thereby rapidly dried or finished.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING, AND MODE OR MEANS OF PREPARING THE MATERIALS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Pattison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1874.
I, FREDERICK PATTISON, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING,
AND MODE OR MEANS OF PREPARING THE MATERIALS THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
The nature and novelty of this my said Invention consists in the
employment of residual wood sawdust from saw mills, in quantity,
spread in a layer on the floor, or it might be a flat mixing vessel (either
arranged with or without revolving or other agitators or mixers), and
then sprinkling it with a mixture of water, and from 1 to 5 per cent.
of the common commercial sulphuric acid (of about 100 to 120 degrees
Twaddel), or about 2 per cent. of nitric or muriatic acid in a thick
shower from a fine rose pipe or other equivalent, until the whole feels
quite damp, over which a proportion of ground coal, char, or coke, or of
soapstone, or of common salt of from 1 to 15 per cent., or it might be a

page_text: small portion of powdered Irish or quicklime of not more than one per
cent. of the sawdust by weight, is sifted or mixed therewith, when the
whole is placed on a hot flue or oven charring floor until quite coked to
a solid carbon charcoal, which when cooled is quite ready for removal,
and for being ground to a fine dust or powder in any of the ordinary
mills heretofore used for grinding moulders or metal founders' blacking,
or for grinding pigments and flours, and for being sifted or "bolted" to
a fine impalpable powder by the screens or other bolting mechanism
used for separating and forming these powders and flours, all otherwise
than as herein-before. described in a usual manner, and by the ordinary
means or machinery employed for the manufacture of metal founders'
blacking generally.
AN IMPROVED FOUNTAIN PENHOLDER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Primerose Howard
Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th June 1874.-A communication from abroad
by Valentin Messier and Charles Patron, both of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
I, EDWARD PRIMEROSE HOWARD VAUGHAN, F.C.S., of 54, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FOUNTAIN PENHOLDER,"
being a communication to me from abroad by Valentin Messier and
Charles Patron, both of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved fountain or ink-supplying
penholder, as shewn in the accompanying Drawing, in which,—
A is a tubular cap provided with a bayonet fastening and pierced
with an orifice B, corresponding with a similar orifice B' in the suction
tube F.
C is a stop screw set in the tube F to secure the coincidence of the
In orifices R R1
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO LATHES FOR SHAPING WOOD, BONE, IVORY, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS TO AN OVAL FORM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1874.
I, JOHN PHILLIPS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO LATHES FOR
SHAPING WOOD, BONE, IVORY, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OR MATERIALS TO AN OVAL
FORM," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to form an oval of any required size or
shape from any kind of material, to be used for buttons, brooches, or
other articles where the oval form is desired, and the main feature of the
Invention consists in causing the material which is to be formed oval to
be stationary, and the cutters moveable to and fro and revolving in an
oval or elliptical orbit.
On the bed of the lathe there are two headstocks similar to each other,
and capable of sliding to and fro or up and down, the headstocks being
held together by a rod and adjusting screws and nuts, so they can be

page_text: nearer or farther apart according to the length of the material to be
shaped.
In cach headstock there is a spindle carrying fast and loose pulleys, and
a sliding ring carrying a chuck containing cutters, each ring and chuck
being moved to and fro as they revolve by means of an eccentric.
The material to be shaped is held fast in the middle by a clamp
connected to the bed of the lathe, and when the driving straps are on the
driving pulleys and the headstocks and cutters moved to and fro, the
material is formed at each side of the clamp of an oval shape, the length
of the axes of the oval being determined by the more or less eccentricity
of the cocentrics, which are placed in opposite directions to maintain
equilibrium and ease in working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORNETS AND OTHER METAL MUSICAL WIND INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Dupont at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1874.
I; EUGENE DUPONT, of No. 3, North Street, Mary-le-bone, in the
County of Middlesex, Musical Instrument Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CORNETS AND OTHER METAL MUSICAL WIND INSTRUMENTS," to
be as follows:-
I form the body of the cornet or other metal musical wind instrument
by depositing on the mould or pattern thereof the brass, copper, or other
metal of which it is intended the instrument shall be formed, from the
solution of their salts by the action of a galvanic battery, and to effect
that object I immerse the mould or pattern in a bath containing the
required metallic solution, and I connect it by a wire to the negative
pole of the battery, and I immerse a similar piece of metal to that held
in solution and join it by a wire and carbon to the positive pole of the
battery. When a sufficient deposit has been effected the mould or
pattern is removed, and the instrument is then completed in the usual
way, I prefer to use a Bunsen's battery.

page_text: The following is a description of a metallic solution I use for
depositing brass :-In a gallon of water I dissolve about two ounces of
sulphate of copper and about two ounces of sulphate of zinc, I then
dissolve about four ounces of carbonate of soda separately in a small
quantity of water, and add the solution thereof to that of the sulphates
of copper and zinc, and in like manner I dissolve separately about two
ounces of bisulphate of soda, and about three ounces of cyanide of
potassium and about a quarter of an ounce of arsenic acid, and add their
several separate solutions to the other solutions and so form the metallic
solution of salts for the bath.
The proportions will necessarily vary according to the strength of the
chemical ingredients employed
AN IMPROVED SCENT FOUNTAIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noah Fellows at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1874.
I, NOAH FELLOWS, of South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SCENT FOUNTAIN," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved scent
fountain, of that kind generally used at evening parties for amusement.
Hitherto such scent fountains have been made of a tube of collapsible
metal closed at the top with the exception of a small perforation for the
discharge of the scent, a screw cap being provided for closing this opening.
There are many objections to fountains so constructed, for instance much
trouble is incurred in unscrewing the cap when the fountain is to be
used, and in replacing it they very often leak, and when the whole of
the scent has been discharged, the fountain becomes uscless as it cannot be
refilled. By my improved construction of fountain these defects are
obviated without increasing the cost.

page_text: -
I construct the fountain of a tube of glass, porcelain, or other suitable
material, but preferably of glass; this tube is closed at the bottom; the
upper end is open and is formed with, a rim or flange. Over the open
end of the tube I apply a suitably shaped cap of india-rubber or gutta
percha with a small perforation in the centro of the top thereof, through
which the scent may be discharged. I prefer making this cap of the
form of the teat of an ordinary feeding bottle. A small plug or pin is
provided for closing the perforation in the cap when the fountain is not
in use. The cap has a collar on its edge, which, when the cap is applied
over the open end of the tube, fits against the said rim or.flange, so as to 1
secure an air-tight-joint. The tube being filled with scent the cap is
applied and the fountain is ready for use.
کت
218
To use the fountain it is merely necessary to remove the said plug or
pin from the cap, and then by squeezing the cap between the finger and
thumb the quantity of scent contained in the cap will be discharged in
a fine stream; the plug or pin being replaced the fountain may be
placed in the pocket without risk of leakage. When the whole of the
scent as been discharged from the fountain the cap may be removed, the
.
tube refilled with scont; and the can rèrilaced. .
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LONDON
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1875.
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IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Robert Holland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1874.
I, ALFRED ROBERT HOLLAND, of Peckham Rye, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in shirts, whereby they may
be worn for a longer time without appearing to be soiled than shirts
as now made, and it consists in an improvement in the shirt front and
in the application of reversible wrist bands attached to the sleeves of
the shirt.
In shirts opening in front as now made, one edge of the front is made
to overlap the other and secured by the studs or button. This over-
lapping edge is liable to become very soon soiled and frayed so that the
shirt is unfit for wear. Now according to my Invention I make the front
so that either edge at the opening may be made to overlap the other,
thus rendering the shirt fit for wear twice as long as hitherto, and for
this purpose, the "front" is not sewn to the body for a distance of about
an inch or so from the opening at either side at bottom, so as to leave

page_text: both edges of the front loose and free to be lapped one over the other.
Thus when one of the edges becomes soiled or frayed they may be
reversed, and the other edge be made to overlap and present a fresh
surface to the view, suitable buttons and holes being provided to hold
these edges in position.
·
The wristbands I make in form somewhat like the double or reversible
cuffs now in use, the same being however sewn to the sleeve, so that
when one edge or half is soiled the other half may be brought forward
for use.
One half of this double wristband is cut a little deeper than
the other, so that when it is reversed the half first used will not be
visible.
E
A SELF-ACTING DAMPER FOR STEAM-BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred James Eastwood, Richard
Ainsworth, and James Eastwood, at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th July 1874.
We, ALFRED JAMES EASTWOOD, and RICHARD AINSWORTH, both of.
Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, and JAMES.
EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SELF-ACTING
DAMPER FOR STEAM-BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This damper is intented for use during the time of firing, that is to
say, during the time of throwing fuel on the fire, and is intended to
prevent the usual; large quantity of cold air from rushing into the furnace
and flues at such a time. For this purpose it is made to be almost
closed during the time of firing, though at other times remaining
open. It is made to be self-acting by being attached with a chain to
the fire-door, and in such a manner that when the door is closed the
damper is open, and when the door is open the damper is closed to the
required extent. It may of course be worked by the fireman without

page_text: being attached to the door, but we prefer attaching it to the door, so as
to be self-acting.
...
The damper itself may be placed either vertically, horizontally, or at
an angle, and may either slide or swivel, the necessary motion being
given to it in every case by the chain from the fire-door, carrier pulleys
being used to carry the chain and give the motion in the right direction,
and a lever or levers being employed where necessary, as also a balance
weight. The damper may also be placed anywhere where it will
control the draught, between the fire and the chimney top, and in some
cases may be applied at the chimney top.
It is intended principly to be used in addition to the ordinary damper
for regulating the draught of the furnace while working, but by a
provision being made for lengthening and shortening the chain it may
be made to perform the office of both.
The chief advantage of this damper consists in preventing the rush of
cold air into the furnace and flues during firing, which always cools the
furnace and flues to a great extent, and in steam boilers produces an
injurious contraction of the plates.
...T.
Another advantage of this damper is a saving of fuel, not only by
preventing the cooling named above, but by allowing small particles of a
coal to be burned which would otherwise be carried up the chimney by
the excessive draught at the time of firing. In the same way much of
the black smoke produced at the time of firing is also consumed, as it is
forced to remain in contact with the heat of the furnace for a longer
time.
time.
This damper may be applied to almost all furnaces, having a fire-door.
through which the fuel is fed to the furnace..
1. '
-2
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLVENTS FOR CERTAIN RESINS AND GUM RESINS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Murdoch Mackay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1874.
I, MURDOCH MACKAY, of Mark Street, Finsbury, in the City of
London, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention:
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLVENTS FOR CERTAIN RESINS AND
GUM RESINS," to be as follows:—
It is well known that certain of the resins and gum resins are soluble
by particular solvents, and others by other particular solvents, but that
among those solvents hitherto in use what will dissolve one resin or gum.
resin will frequently not dissolve another.
My object is to obtain solvents generally if not universally applicable
to resins, and gum resins, and I have found my improved solvents
capable of application to shellac, copal, kowrie, sandrac, elemi, mastic,.
benzoin, and colophone; and this list I believe comprises nearly all the
ordinary resins and gum resins of trade.
Also my improved solvents are available for use without heat or
dryers.
The T'
on is for adentations to chronness analite

page_text: The term methylated spirit as herein-after used is intended to include
not only the article of trade known by that name, but a mixture of
pyroxilic spirit and alcohol, which perhaps may be obtained under
circumstances in which the other cannot be obtained.
The Invention consists in adding to methylated spirit one or other of
two certain combinations herein-after explained, or a certain articlo
berein-after stated, and stirring till the spirit becomes milky white, or
of a milky appearance, and then adding more of the mythylated spirit
till it becomes clear.
The combinations I term No. 1 and No. 2. No. 1 consists of one part 10
of benzoline to six parts of mineral or coal naptha; or one part of
turpentine to six parts of mineral or coal naptha; or half one part of
benzoline, and half one part of turpentine may be substituted for one
whole part of either.
Solvents prepared with No. 1 combination I prefer for outside work. 15
Combination No. 2 consists of one part of turpentine to three parts of
benzoline; and solvents prepared with this combination I prefer for
hard resins, and where a light color is desired.
The article to be used instead of combinations No. 1 and 2 is benzoline;
and solvents prepared with this article I prefer for inside work, and for 20
polishers.
The resins only require to be placed in the cold solutions when they
dissolve readily and become clear by standing.
The proportions stated may be varied, and indeed will sometimes
require to be varied according to the purity or quality of the articles, 25
and in some cases I use mineral or coal naptha only instead of
combination No. 1.
1
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Read at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1874.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS READ, of Midland Railway Buildings, Pancras
Road, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF FERMENTED LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preservation of
fermented liquors, and consists in the addition thereto of a solution of
neutral sulphito of magnesia, which solution is made by adding magnesia
to liquid sulphurus acid until the acid ceases to dissolve the magnesia.
The resulting liquid possesses no smell, and when added to the liquor to
be preserved communicates considerably less taste thereto than the
various bisulphites of lime and magnesia hitherto employed for a similar
purpose. The solution possesses a specific gravity of 1000°, and the
quantity I use varies from 1 to 5 parts in every 1000 parts of the liquor
to be preserved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Spencer and
William Inglis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th July 1874.
We, JOHN FREDERICK SPENCER, of No. 28, Great George Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, and WILLIAM INGLIS, of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, both do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement of what
are known as Corliss' valves in combination with inverted compound
engines, in which there is an intermediate receiver between the high
and low pressure cylinders.
We apply the Corliss' valves to each cylinder at the top and bottom
in such manner that the valve spindles are parallel to the crank shaft
on each side of the cylinders, and the wrist plates and valve gear can
therefore be worked by eccentrics or cams direct from the crank shaft
without the necessity for a countershaft. According to this arrange-
ment the exhaust passages from the high-pressure cylinder are led

page_text: directly into the receiver, and thence there are direct supply passages to
the slide chests of the low-pressure cylinder, the passages and receiver
between the cylinders being thus rendered simple in form and sufficient
in capacity with a minimum of exposed surface.
Owing to the greater width occupied in most cases by the low-pressure
cylinder its valves can be drawn out for examination or repair past the
high-pressure valve chests, so that no space for this purpose is required
beyond the low-pressure cylinder; and the arrangement of valves above
described is adapted in a convenient manner to the ordinary fore and
aft surface condenser employed in marine screw engines of the compound
kind.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING FALSE FRONTS TO SHIRTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marco Wilhelm Montauban Van
Swyndregt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 5th November 1874.
·I, MARCO WILHELM MONTAUBAN VAN SWYNDREGT, of Homerton, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING FALSE FRONTS TO SHIRTS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
Hitherto false fronts have been made with a band of sufficient length
to pass nearly round the neck of the wearer, one of the free ends of the
band being provided with a button, and the other end with one or more
small holes or eyelets, through which was passed a loop of india-rubber
fixed to a button. To fasten the front, the said band was passed round
the neck, and the loop of india-rubber at one end of the band was
passed over the button at the other end of the band. This method of
fastening has many disadvantages, the false front frequently gets
displaced and crumpled, the india-rubber loop becomes stretched and
allows of the band getting out of place and often getting undone. By
my improved method of fastening the false front to the shirt these defects
are obviated.

page_text: Instead of making the bands with long projecting ends as usual I make
it only of the same width as the top of or only slightly projecting at the
sides of the false front, and each end of the band is formed with a button
hole which is fastened over a corresponding button on the band of the
shirt. The false front is not formed with the usual button holes or slits 5
to receive the ordinary studs, but in lieu thereof I make it with small
round holes or eyelets; the shirt also (which is preferably made to fasten
at the back) having corresponding holes or eyelets; through each of these
holes in the false front, and through the corresponding hole in the shirt,
I then pass the shank of a button (forming the stud), and through the 1
shank at the back of the shirt front I pass a split ring or other equivalent
fastening. By these means the false front is firmly attached to the
shirt and cannot get displaced and is not crumpled.
Another advantage of this method of fixing is that the false front may
when the shirt is made to fasten at the back be fastened to the shirt 1
before the latter is put on by the wearer, and can be removed with the
shirt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Franklin Stevens at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th March 1874.-A communication from abroad by James H.
Redfield, of New York, in the United States of America.
I, BENJAMIN Franklin Stevens, of Henrietta Street, Covent Garden,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS," a communication to me from
abroad by James H. Redfield, of New York, in the United States of
America, to be as follows:
This Invention relates to an improved form of castor to be applied
to the legs or supports of furniture and other articles for the purpose of
facilitating the movement of the same, and consists in the employment
of a ball or sphere forming the running surface of the castor, which ball
or sphere is partially enclosed in a chamber formed in a suitable casing
screwed or otherwise attached to the leg or support of the article of
furniture to which the castor is to be fitted, and takes its bearing against
a number of small antifriction balls or spheres also enclosed within the
said casing.
In constructing these improved castors a cup or casing is first prepared
of the desired form, and any suitable number of small balls or shot are

page_text: inserted therein, after which the main ball or sphere which forms the
castor proper is introduced and secured in its place by a ring or annular
plate or cover screwed, soldered, or otherwise attached to the cup or
casing so as to admit of the ball or sphere projecting or protruding a
sufficient distance therefrom to form a rolling or running surface along
the ground when the castor is applied to the furniture or other article.
This improved castor forms a solid support to the article to which it is
fitted, whilst affording increased facility for moving the same in any
required direction, as the globular running surface more readily adjusts
itself both to the direction of the motion and to any inequalities in
the surface over which it is passed than the castors ordinarily employed.