IMPROVEMENTS IN OXIDISING ALCOHOLS AND OTHER SIMILAR MATTER OR FLUIDS, WHICH SAID IMPROVE- MENTS CAN BE EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING CONCENTRATED ACETIC ACID A.
Year: 1882

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges of the firm of Brydges and Co
Engineers and Patent Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str. in the City of
Berlin and German Empire and of 6 St. Leonards Terrace, Upton, in the
county of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OXIDISING
ALCOHOLS AND OTHER SIMILAR MATTER OR FLUIDS, WHICH SAID IMPROVE-
MENTS CAN BE EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING CONCENTRATED ACETIC ACID A
communication to him by David Sandmann of the town of Charlottenburg in
the kingdom of Prussia and German Empire.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1882.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm of Brydges & Co, Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Str in the City of Berlin and German Empire
and of 6 St Leonards Terrace Upton in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OXIDISING ALCOHOLS AND OTHER SIMILAR MATTER OR FLUIDS, WHICH
SAID IMPROVEMENTS CAN BE EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING CONCENTRATED ACETIC
ACID, a communication to me from David Sandmann of the town of
Charlottenburg in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in oxidising alcohols and other similar
matter or fluids, which said improvements can be employed for producing
concentrated acetic acid, and is based upon the well known fact, that alcohol by
the action of oxygen or ozone becomes oxidised to acetic acid.
This method has up to now not been realised on a large scale on account of the
large developement of other products of oxidization such as aldehyde and ether,
Dis 0.71

page_text: which occur at the expense of the formation of acetic acid besides which an
ignition of the other substances, consequent upon the heat produced by the
oxidation often took place.
I have succeeded in inventing a system by means of which alcohol, aldehyde,
acids, their intermediate products as well as all oxidisable fluids, which have
different boiling points at different stages of the process may be oxidised with
advantage.
For the purpose of oxidation I transform the fluids to vapor or steam and then
conduct ozone oxygen or a mixture or composition containing oxygen to the same,
for instance in the presence of platinum or other suitable absorbents which carry
oxygen; or electricity with simultaneous cooling in order to prevent the danger of
ignition.
I separate the products of oxidation thus formed by means of their various
boiling points. This I do by condensing the vapors which are not sufficiently
operated upon, the boiling points of which are higher than the boiling point of the
desired product. After this I conduct them back to be again converted to steam
and to be again operated on.
At the same time, the product which is desired to be obtained and which
possesses a lower boiling point and can not be condensed with the same degree of
coolness is conducted into a separate condenser and cooled and collected in a
suitable receptacle.
If on the other hand the boiling point of the desired product is higher than
that of the other products which are produced in the course of the process a
temperature below that of the boiling point of the desired product is maintained in
the apparatus. By this means, that fluid only, whose boiling point is lower than
the temperature in the apparatus is converted to steam and operated on as
described.
are
The vapors passing off without being operated on are oxidised as far as possible
in other cylinders and those vapors which are not properly operated on
conducted back into the apparatus. At the end of the process the desired product
remains in the apparatus.
The operation can, with the apparatus constructed by me be continued without
interruption or, after the necessary alterations have been made, an ordinary tower
apparatus can be employed for this process.
The following is a description of the apparatus which I employ.
The principal feature of this is a boiler provided with a steamjacket for the
purpose of being heated with steam.
For the purpose of emptying the boiler a suitable pipe is arranged on the inner
bottom of the same, which said pipe or cock can be closed or opened by a lever
arrangement by tightening or loosening the screw to the same.
The appurtenances of the heating arrangement are attached to the steam jacket
and consist of an inlet cock or valve, an outlet cock or valve and a pipe for letting
off the water of condensation.
A dome provided in the interior with a serpentine cooling tube is arranged
above the before mentioned boiler. This said serpentine tube occupies with its
various windings or terraces the greater part of the said dome.
Between the terraces of the serpentine tube or coil nets of platinum wire are
arranged in which said nets the largest possible amount of platinum, platinum
sponge or other suitable platinum composition or its equivalent is interwined.
Platinum sponge or powder can also be laid on charcoal or other porous material
not attacked by acid.
Below the dome three pipes connect with the boiler which said pipes unite
underneath the boiler and form one pipe, which is in connection with an oxygen
gasometer or an air pump.
Instead of the three pipes one could be made to serve the saine purpose but it
must project inside the boiler and be provided with a number of small orifices.

page_text: The said dome is provided with a manometer and a thermometer for the purpose
of observing the pressure and the temperature.
For filling the boiler a suitable filling pipe is arranged within the said dome.
Further for leading off the vapors or steam connection pipes are arranged two of
which lead direct to a serpentine cooling pipe, situate in a suitable cylinder.
The serpentine cooling pipes connect with a Woulfe's bottle.
The other connection pipe reaches at first a system of cylinders, which, similar to
the dome, are filled with porous material in combination with composition of
specially prepared platinum.
These said cylinders are in connection with each other by means of a suitable
pipe and are also provided with serpentine cooling pipes or coils, which connect
with the cooling pipe to the dome.
From the second of these cylinders a pipe proceeds into the next cylinder and
terminates in a serpentine cooling pipe, which connects with a receptacle below.
This receptacle is situated inside a reservoir which latter is arranged to hold ice
for the purpose of cooling the receptacle.
The receptacle is provided with a valve and also with an outlet pipe which
latter is provided with a bend or hydraulic closure so as to form a water joint, and
connects with the boiler.
If a greater cooling action is desired the cylinders can be provided with an extra
mantel and the space between the cylinder and mantel be filled out with cold
water or ice.
shaped tubes are connected with the cylinder and lead into the exhaust pipe.
The cooling coil in the interior of the dome receives its water from one of the
cylinders, which said water escapes by means of a suitable outlet pipe. The pipe
for letting off the water for cooling is in connection with a cylinder.
The boiler, dome, cooling coil and cylinders are constructed of enamelled iron or
other suitable material, and the remainder of the cooling, coils and cylinders are
composed of earthenware silver or other appropriate material according to the
purpose they are required to fulfil.
If atmospheric air is employed the nitrogenious parts of the same pass through a
suitable tube or pipe into a receptacle containing a solution of alkali or a substance,
which absorbs aldehyde in order that the aldehyde passing off may be duly absorbed.
My said method remains substantially the same for the various materials and in
order to fully explain my said process I will now describe the method of putting
the same into operation in oxidising aethylalcohol to acetic acid by means of pure
ozone or atmospheric air, which said process has never been carried into effect with
the exception of the primitive manner customary in manufacturing vinegar on the
German principle ie the so called quick vinegar process, which could only be
carried out with weak alcohol. According to my process however, strong and
absolute alcohol can be oxidised in a most advantageous manner.
The boiler is filled somewhat more than half full (by means of the aforementioned
filling pipe), with alcohol, and this said alcohol slowly evaporates or is reduced to
vapor by admitting steam through the valve into the heating space whereby
oxygen or atmospheric air is simultaneously admitted into the apparatus through
the tubes for that purpose.
This said ozone or oxygen is constantly absorbed by the prepared platinum or
its equivalent contained in the dome and communicated to the alcoholic vapor on
its passing the said prepared platinum in the dome and the cylinders.
The alcohol now oxidises to aldehyde, ether, acetal and partly to acetic acid.
On commencing the process the pipes on the top of the dome are closed and the
pipe at the bottom opened.
The temperature in the apparatus is maintained under 100° Centigrade so that
such portion of the alcohol vapor, which is oxidised to acetic acid is condensed and
runs or trickles back into the boiler, whereas the alcohol, aldehyde, ether and acetal

page_text: vapor, in consequence of their low boiling point and the coolers being closed pass
off through the conducting tube into the first cylinder, from thence into the second
cylinder and from this said cylinder through the pipe or tube into the cooler
where the said vapors are condensed and led back into the boiler through suitable
pipes or tubes.
The products which are condensed in the cylinders pass through suitable tubes
or pipes and are also led back into the boiler.
In consequence of the temperature in the boiler being under 100° Centigrade
only such parts which have not been oxidised to acetic acid are evaporated and
again led back into the boiler to be operated on afresh.
The cooler must be kept well cooled during the process, so that the vapors
passing off, and whose boiling point are partially only 21° may be entirely con-
densed and to prevent so high a temperature taking place that loss of vapor occur
through the action of the vapor being sufficient to open the valve. The progress
of the process can be observed by means of the manometer and the thermometer.
During the process the water for cooling flows through the cock into the
cylinder before the system. of cylinders and then through a suitable tube into
this said system of cylinders and from thence into the serpentine tube or coil in
the interior of the aforementioned dome and cools the vapors to such an extent
that an ignition or explosion is rendered impossible.
As soon as the entire quantity of alcohol in the boiler is transformed to acetic
acid, the stream of ozone, oxygen or air is cut off by closing these pipes which
supply the same.
If the acetic acid is now sufficiently concentrated the same is distilled off through
the distilling tube.
If however it is desired to produce hydrated acetic acid (Eisessig) or pure acetic
acid it is only necessary to keep the cooler closed, to distil off through the pipe to
the further cylinder and to allow the cooling water to pass through the cock into
the said cylinder and from thence through the connection pipes into the coil
situated within the dome to the boiler.
In this case the acetic acid vapors condense in the said dome or hood in
consequence of their high boiling point and flow back into the boiler, whereas
the watery vapors pass off through the connection tube into the cooler where they
are condensed.
If the cooling is well carried out, the product passing off into the Woulfe's bottle
will be found to be almost entirely free from acetic acid.
If the temperature has now reached 118° Centigrade and no more vapor or steam
passes over, the cooler is closed and the pure acetic acid remaining in the boiler
distilled off through the tube or pipe at the bottom of the dome passes through
the cooling or serpentine tube and from thence into the Woulfe's bottle underneath
the same.
Instead of employing the prepared platinum, electricity can be employed without
producing sparks, in order to ozonise the oxygen introduced.
The electric current is let into a metallic receptacle filled with acidulated water.
In such case these receptacles must be arranged in like manner to the prepared
platinum, that is in various compartments or divisions.
A modification of my apparatus can be employed in which the boiler and the
dome are replaced by a single closed boiler with steam jacket.
The vapors created in the boiler pass into a system of five, or more or less
cylinders, which are provided with serpentine tubes or coils arranged in terraces.
The aforenamed prepared platinum is placed between the terraces of the cooling
coils or serpentine tubes; or electricity can be employed as mentioned above.
An shaped tube or pipe is connected to each cylinder of which the two tubes
from the first and second cylinder lead direct into the return pipe, whereas the
tubes or pipes to the other three cylinders are in connection with each other,

page_text: and are further in connection with a Woulfe's bottle so as to be able to draw off
the pure acetic acid produced from the oxidation of the aldehyde in the last
cylinders. Ozone or Oxygen can be admitted into the first and third cylinder by
means of a suitably arranged pipe or tube.
Besides the aforementioned series of 5 cylinders, another cylinder provided with
a serpentine cooling tube or coil is arranged, the object of which is to condense
the vapors, which may pass uncondensed through the said cylinders and in order
that the most volatile vapors may not pass off the Woulfe's bottle is surrounded by
an ice receptacle or its equivalent.
A tube or pipe leads from this said Woulfe's bottle into the boiler; and in order
to distil off the concentrated acid, the sytem of cylinders is shut off and the cock
to the cylinder adjoining the boiler is opened.
The apparatus can be arranged for continuous working by introducing a suitable
inlet port for the alcohol or other material to be operated on.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th February 1883.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the firm Brydges & Co Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of 107 Königgrätzer Strasse in the City of Berlin and German Empire
and of 6 St Leonards Terrace Upton in the County of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS
IN OXIDISING ALCOHOLS AND OTHER SIMILAR MATTER OR FLUIDS WHICH SAID
IMPROVEMENTS CAN BE EMPLOYED FOR PRODUCING CONCENTRATED ACID, a commu-
nication to me from David Sandmann of the Town of Charlottenburg in the
Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire
This Invention relates to improvements in oxidising alcohols and other similar
matter or fluids, which said improvements can be employed for producing concen-
trated acetic acid, and is based upon the well known fact that alcohol by the
action of oxygen or ozone becomes oxidised to acetic acid.
This method has up to now not been realised on a large scale on account of the
large developement of other products of oxidation such as aldehyde and ether,
which occur at the expense of the formation of acetic acid besides which an
ignition of the other substances consequent upon the heat produced by the oxidation
often took place.
I have succeeded in inventing a system by means of which alcohol, aldehyde,
acids, their intermediate products as well as all oxidisable fluids, which have
different boiling points at different stages of the process may be oxidised with
advantage.
For the purpose of oxidation I transform the fluids to vapour or steam and then
conduct ozone, oxygen, or a mixture or composition containing oxygen to the same,
for instance in the presence of platinum or other suitable absorbents which carry
oxygen, or electricity with simultaneous cooling in order to prevent the danger of
ignition.
I separate the products of oxidation thus formed by means of their various
boiling points. This I do by condensing the vapors which are not sufficiently
operated upon, the boiling points of which are higher than the boiling point of the
desired product. After this I conduct them back to be again converted to steam
and to be again operated on.
At the same time the product which is desired to be obtained and which possesses
a lower boiling point and cannot be condensed with the same degree of coolness
is conducted into a separate condenser and cooled and collected in a suitable
receptacle.
If on the other hand the boiling point of the desired product is higher than that
of the other products which are produced in the course of the process a temperature
below that of the boiling point of the desired product is maintained in the
apparatus. By this means, that fluid only whose boiling point is lower than the
temperature in the apparatus is converted to steam and operated on as described.
The vapours passing off without being operated on are oxidised as far as possible
in other cylinders and those vapors which are not properly operated on are
conducted back into the apparatus. At the end of the process the desired product
remains in the apparatus.
The operation can with the apparatus constructed by me be continued without
interruption or after the necessary alterations have been made an ordinary tower
apparatus can be employed for this process.
The following is a description of the apparatus which I employ.

page_text: The principal feature of this is a boiler A provided with a steamjacket A' for the
purpose of being heated with steam..
For the purpose of emptying the boiler a suitable pipe a is arranged on the
inner bottom of the same, which said pipe or the cock to the same can be closed or
opened by a lever arrangement b by tightening or loosening the screw c to the
same.
The appurtenances of the beating arrangement are attached to the steam-jacket
and consist of the inlet cock or valve A and outlet cock or valve e and pipes f for
letting off the water of condensation.
The dome B provided in the interior with a serpentine cooling tube or coil C is
arranged above the before mentioned boiler A. This said serpentine tube occupies
with its various windings or terraces the greater part of the said dome.
Between the terraces of the serpentine tube or coil, nets of platinum wire are
arranged in which said nets the largest possible amount of platinum, platinum
sponge or other suitable platinum composition or its equivalent is interwined.
Platinum sponge or powder can also be laid on charcoal or other porous material
not attacked by acid.
Below the dome three pipes E connect with the boiler which said pipes unite
underneath the boiler and form one pipe, which is in connection with an oxygen
gasoneter or an air pump.
Instead of the three pipes one could be inade to serve the same purpose but it
must project inside the boiler and be provided with a number of small orifices.
The said dome B is provided with a manometer G and a thermometer F for the
purpose of observing the pressure and the temperature.
For filling the boiler a suitable filling pipe S is arranged within the said dome.
Further for leading off the vapors or steam, connection pipes H. I and K are
arranged two of which I and K lead direct to a serpentine cooling pipe M situate in
a suitable cylinder I' or K¹.
The serpentine cooling pipes M and N connect with a Woulfe's bottle M¹and N¹.
The other connection pipe H reaches at first a system of cylinders T which,
similar to the dome are filled with porous material in combination with composition
of specially prepared platinum.
These said cylinders are in connection with each other by means of the pipe H¹
and are also provided with serpentine cooling pipes or coils, which connect with
the cooling pipe or coil L².
From the second of these cylinders the pipe H2 proceeds into the cylinder L'
and terminates in the serpentine cooling pipe, which connects with a receptacle
below.
This receptacle is situated inside a reservoir 01 which latter is arranged to hold
ice for the purpose of cooling the receptacle O.
The receptacle is provided with a valve P and also with an outlet pipe Q which
latter is provided with a bend or hydraulic closure so as to form a water joint and
connects with the boiler A.
If a greater cooling action is desired the cylinders can be provided with an
extramantel and the space between the cylinder and mantel be filled out with cold
water or ice.
shaped tubes U are connected with the cylinder T and lead into the exhaust
pipe Q.
The cooling coil C in the interior of the dome receives its water from one of
the cylinders L' or I which said water escapes by means of a suitable outlet
pipe C¹. The pipe for letting off the water for cooling is in connection with a
cylinder K¹.
The boiler A, dome B cooling coil C and cylinders T are constructed of enamelled
iron or other suitable material and the remainder of the cooling coils and cylinders
are composed of earthenware silver or other appropriate material according to the
purpose they are required to fulfil,

page_text: If atmospheric air is employed the introgenious parts of the same pass at the
valve P through a suitable tube or pipe into a receptacle containing a solution of
alkali or a substance which absorbs aldehyde in order that the aldehyde passing
off may be duly absorbed.
My said method remains substantially the same for the various materials and in
order to fully explain my said process I will now describe the method of putting
the same into operation in oxidising thylalcohol to acetic acid by means of pure
ozone or atmospheric air which said process has never been carried into effect with
the exception of the primitive manner customary in manufacturing vinegar on the
German principle ie the so called quick vinegar process which could only be
carried out with weak alcohol. According to my process however, strong and
absolute alcohol can be oxidised in a most advantageous manner.
The boiler A is filled somewhat more than half full (by means of the
aforementioned filling pipe S) with alcohol, and this said alcohol slowly evaporates
or is reduced to vapour by admitting steam through the valve into the heating
space A¹ whereby oxygen or atmospheric air is simultaneously admitted into the
apparatus through the tubes for that purpose.
This said ozone or oxygen is constantly absorbed by the prepared platinum. or
its equivalent contained in the dome B and communicated to the alcoholic vapor
on its passing the said prepared platinum in the dome B and the cylinders T.
The alcohol now oxidises to aldehyde, ether, acetal and partly to acetic acid.
On commencing the process the pipes I and K on the top of the dome are closed
and the pipe H at the bottom opened.
The temperature in the apparatus is maintained under 100° Centigrade so that
such portion of the alcohol vapor, which is oxidised to acetic acid is condensed
and runs or trickles back into the boiler A, whereas the alcohol, aldehyde, ether
and acetal vapor, in consequence of their low boiling point and the coolers M and N
being closed pass off through the conducting tube H into the first cylinder T from
thence into the second cylinder and from this said cylinder through the pipe or
tube H into the cooler L where the said vapors are condensed and led back into
the boiler A through suitable pipes or tubes O and Q.
The products which are condensed in the cylinders T pass through suitable tubes
or pipes U and Q and are also led back into the boiler A.
In consequence of the temperature in the boiler A being under 100° Centigrade
only such parts which have not been oxidised to acetic acid are evaporated and
again led back into the boiler to be operated on afresh.
The cooler L must be kept well cooled during the process so that the vapors
passing off, and whose boiling point are partially only 21° may be entirely
condensed and to prevent so high a temperature taking place that loss of vapor
occur through the action of the vapor being sufficient to open the valve P. The
progress of the process can be observed by means of the manometer G and the
thermometer F.
During the process the water for cooling flows through the cock R¹ into the
cylinder L before the system of cylinders and then through a suitable tube L' into
this said system of cylinders T and from thence into the serpentine tube or coil C
in the interior of the aforementioned dome and cools the vapors to such an extent
that an ignition or explosion is rendered impossible.
As soon as the entire quantity of alcohol in the boiler A is transformed to acetic
acid, the stream of ozone, oxygen or air is cut off by closing the pipes E and H
which supply the same.
If the acetic acid is now sufficiently concentrated the same is distilled off through
the distilling tube K.
If however it is desired to produce hydrated acetic acid (Eisessig) or pure acetic
acid it is only necessary to keep the cooler N closed to distil off through the pipe I
to the further cylinder and to allow the cooling water to pass through the cock R
into the said cylinder I' and from thence through the connection pipes I² and L²
into the coil C situated within the dome B to the boiler A.

page_text: In this case the acetic acid vapors condense in the said dome or hood B in
consequence of their high boiling point and flow back into the boiler A whereas
the watery vapors pass off through the connection tube I into the cooler M where
they are condensed.
If the cooling is well carried out, the product passing off into the Woulfe's bottle
will be found to be almost entirely free from acetic acid.
If the temperature has now reached 118° Centigrade and no more vapor or
steam passes over, the cooler M is closed and the pure acetic acid remaining in the
boiler distilled off through the tube or pipe K at the bottom of the dome B passes
through the cooling or serpentine tube N and from thence into the Woulfe's bottle N'
underneath the same.
Instead of employing the prepared platinum, electricity can be employed without
producing sparks, in order to ozonise the oxygen introduced.
The electric current is let into a metallic receptacle filled with acidulated water.
In such case these receptacles must be arranged in like manner to the prepared
platinum, that is in various compartments or divisions.
Figure 2 shews a modification of the apparatus as described above destined to
fulfil the same functions.
In this modification the dome B and boiler A as shewn in Figure 1 are replaced
by a simple closed boiler A* with steam jacket.
The vapors created in the boiler A2 pass into system of five or more or less
cylinders T which are provided with serpentine tubes or coils c³ arranged in
terraces. The aforenamed prepared platinum is placed between the terraces of the
cooling coils or serpentine tubes; or electricity can be employed as mentioned above.
AU shaped tube or pipe T is connected to each cylinder of which the two
tubes from the first and second cylinder lead direct into the return pipe or tube Q¹
whereas the tubes or pipes T to the other three cylinders are in connection with
each other, and are further in connection with a Woulfe's bottle so as to be able
to draw off the pure acetic acid produced from the oxidation of the aldehyde in the
last cylinders. Ozone or Oxygen can be admitted into the first and third cylinder
by means of a suitably arranged pipe or tube T³.
Beside the aforementioned series of 5 cylinders, another cylinder provided with
a serpentine cooling tube or coil T2 is arranged, the object of which is to condense
the vapors, which may pass uncondensed through the said cylinders T¹ and in order
that the most volatile vapors may not pass off the Woulfe's bottle O2 is surrounded
by an ice receptacle or its equivalent.
A tube or pipe Q' leads from this said Woulfe's bottle into the boiler A³; and in
order to distill off the concentrated acids the system of cylinders T' is shut off and
the cock to the cylinder K³ adjoining the boiler is opened.
The apparatus can be arranged for continuous working by introducing a suitable
inlet port for the alcohol or other material to be operated on.
Having now described my said Invention and the manner in which the same is
to or may be carried into effect I desire it to be understood that what I claim and
desire to secure by Letters Patent is.
1. Producing acetic acid from alcohol in one operation by introducing oxygen
in suitable manner with the simultaneous employment of cooling and distillation
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accom
panying drawings.
2. The production of concentrated acetic acid or acetic acid free of water by
distilling the acetic acid obtained according to the process claimed in Claim 1 in
one and the same apparatus, substantially as described in the foregoing specification
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
3. The manufacture or production of aldehydes and the other similar products
of oxidation through oxidising alcohol by means of oxygen introduced in a suitable
manner, substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 4. The process of transforming alcohols into their acids, aldehydes and other
phases and steps of oxidation and the transformation of the aldehydes and the
intermediate products into acids in one continuous operation by employing a
suitable apparatus and introducing oxygen in a suitable manner substantially
as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
5. The employment and application of an apparatus provided with a cooling
arrangement by a process for oxidising alcohols or other similar fluids substan-
tially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
6. The application and employment of prepared platinum or its equivalent in
several separate divisions layers or compartments substantially as set forth in the
foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
7. The arrangement of the prepared platinum in connection with porous
material between the terraces of the serpentine tubes or coils C and the terraces
in the cylinders T or T¹ substantially as described in the foregoing specification
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
8. The arrangement and employment of the vessel of Woulfe's bottle provided
with the valve P in the ice receptacle O in combination with the tube or pipe Q
and the tubes or pipes U substantially as described in the foregoing specification
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
9. The arrangement and employment of the three air or oxygen tubes E which
said tubes can be replaced by a single perforated tube or pipe in combination with
the boiler A, substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
10. The employment and application of the boiler A* in combination with a
number of cylinders or oxidising apparatus provided with cooling arrangements
substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
11. The application and employment of electricity in place of the prepared
platinum for ozonising the air introduced into the apparatus in order to to produce
an oxidisation of the alcohol or other fluid in the apparatus without causing sparks
to occur substantially as described in the foregoing specification and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges have hereunto set
my hand and seal this sixth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
Witnesses
ANTHONY STEFFEN
ARTHUR BAERMANN
EDWIN A. BRYDGES (LS.)