IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING RAISED FIGURES OR ORNAMENTS UPON THE SURFACES OF ARTICLES MADE OF METAL, POTTERY, AND EARTHENWARE, GLASS, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: Scaled the 24th April 1855, and dated the 3rd January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Venables and Arthur
Mann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd January 1855.
We, JOHN VENABLES and ARTHUR MANN, both of Burslem, in the County of
Stafford, Earthenware Manufacturers, -do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING RAISED FIGURES OR ORNAMENTS
UPON THE SURFACES OF ARTICLES MADE OF METAL, POTTERY, AND EARTHENWARE,
GLASS, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
We first produce the raised figures or ornaments with which we intend to
ornament any article upon paper or cloth, by means of engraved plates or
pieces of metal, wood, stone, or other material.
Upon these plates or pieces of metal, wood, or other material we make the
necessary engravings for producing the figures or ornaments, but cut or
make the cuttings or engravings much deeper than is used in performing
any description of plate engraving or printing of which we are aware, so that
the engraving or countersunk parts may be enabled to receive and contain the
amount or quantity of material necessary for causing the figures or ornaments
when produced to be raised to the extent required.

page_text: We take a plate with engravings of this description, and after filling the
engraved or countersunk parts with the paste, colouring matter, or other
material of which the raised ornaments are to be formed, press the plate
Cagainst the surface of a piece of paper or cloth, so as to cause the paste,
colouring matter, or other material contained in the engraved parts of the plate
to adhere to the surface of the paper or cloth, in order that when the plate is
removed from the paper or cloth it may leave such paste, colouring matter, or
other material upon the surface of the paper or cloth, and thus form raised
figures or ornaments on the surface of the paper or cloth.
We then apply raised impressions of figures or ornaments made upon paper
or cloth in this way to the surface of any article which we intend to ornament
by pressing the printed side of the paper or cloth against those parts of the
article which are to be ornamented, and rub or press the paper or cloth gently
against the article until the raised figures or impressions upon the paper or
cloth adhere to the surface of the article, after which the paper or cloth may
be removed, washed off, or destroyed by burning or otherwise, as may be
thought fit. The principal articles which we design to ornainent in this way
are such as are usually made of china, parian, earthenware, stoneware, burnt
clay, glass, hardware, papier maché, or other materials, which are usually
submitted to the action of fire or heat, or are capable of being submitted
to the action of heat, which we use when necessary for the purpose of fixing
the figures or ornaments above mentioned. And when the articles with their
ornaments are intended to be afterwards subjected to the action of heat for
the purpose of fixing the ornaments, we compose the ornaments applied of
proper material for undergoing that action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Venables and Arthur Mann in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th June 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
VENABLES and ARTHUR MANN, both of Burslem, in the County of Stafford,
Earthenware Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Venables and Arthur Mann, Her special' licence that we, the said John

page_text: Venables and Arthur Mann, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said John Venables and Arthur Mann, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING RAISED FIGURES.
OR ORNAMENTS UPON THE SURFACES OF ARTICLES MADE OF METAL, POTTERY, AND
EARTHENWARE, GLASS, PAPIER MACHÉ, AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition-
(amongst others) that we, the said John Venables and Arthur Mann, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the sanie was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Venables, on behalf of myself and
the said Arthur Mann, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
: This Invention consists of a mode of producing raised figures or ornaments
upon the surfaces of various articles of manufacture made of metal, pottery,
or earthenware, glass, papier maché, or other material upon or to which such
raised figures or ornaments can be fixed or attached.
We first produce the raised figures or devices with which we intend to
ornament any such article of manufacture upon paper or cloth, or any sheet
or thin layer of material upon the surface of which the raised figures or
ornaments can be printed, produced, or deposited, by means of plates or pieces
of metal, wood, stone, or other material, having their faces or surfaces engraved
or countersunk in the requisite manner for that purpose.
Upon such plates or pieces of metal, wood, or other material we make or
produce the necessary engravings or countersunk parts for producing the
figures or ornaments by any ordinary, mechanical, chemical, or other means
on the faces or surfaces of such plates or pieces of metal, wood, stone, or other
material; but we cut or make the cuttings, engravings, or countersunk parts
much deeper than is used in performing any description of plate engraving
or printing of which we are aware, so that the engraving or countersunk
parts may be enabled to receive and contain the amount or quantity of
material. necessary for causing the figures or ornaments when produced to
be raised to the extent required. And the engraved or countersunk parts.are.

page_text: cut down to the requisite extent, not only to produce raised figures, or figures
in relievo, of, the desired altitude, but also to allow for the shrinking of such
figures, or. ornaments during the after process of manufacture....
..
'w'
We take a plate or piece of metal, wood, stone, or other material having
its face or surface engraved, or the requisite parts thereof countersunk, as
aforesaid, and after filling the engraved. or countersunk parts with the paste;
composition, or other material (whether colored or not), of which the raised
ornaments are to be formed, press the engraved or countersunk surface against.
the surface of a piece, sheet, or layer of paper, cloth, or other material, so as
to cause..the paste, composition, or other material (whether colored or not)
contained in the engraved or, countersunk parts of the engraved or countersunk
surface to adhere to the surface of the piece, sheet, or. layer, of paper, cloth,
or other material, in order that when the engraved or countersunk surface, shall
be removed from the, surface of the paper, cloth, or other material, it may
leave the paste, composition, or other material contained. in. the, engraved or
countersunk parts adhering to or deposited upon the surface of the piece, sheet,
or layer of paper, cloth, or other material, and thus form raised figures or,
ornaments thereon.
The paste, composition, or material used for filling the engraved or counter-
sunk parts before mentioned, we form of the materials which we intend to use,
ground or otherwise reduced to a fine powder; and mixed with some oil, gum,
or other proper material for forming the same into a plastic glutinous mass,
which, when introduced into the engraved or countersunk parts before:
mentioned, will cohere together; and when, by pressure caused to adhere, to
the surface of paper, cloth, or other material,, will leave the engraved or
countersunk parts into which it may have been introduced.
.. Thus a paste or composition for forming such raised ornaments, as afore-
said, may be made by boiling a mixture of vegetable oil (such as linseed oil)
with sulphur, red lead, and resin, until the mixture is brought into a glutinous
state; after, which it is mixed with the requisite quantity of the earthy or other
material of which the ornaments are intended to be formed, and the whole is
then ground or compounded together until the materials are thoroughly mixed,
so as to form a homogeneous glutinous paste or composition, sufficiently plastic
to be pressed into such engraved or countersunk parts, as aforesaid.
The paste or composition may, however, be made in any other manner. which
may be deemed convenient, according to the nature of the materials of which
the raised ornaments are to be composed, and the paste or composition may
be mixed with any coloring matter or matter necessary for producing any color:
which may be desired

page_text: We apply raised impressions of figures or ornaments made or deposited
upon sheets, pieces, or layers of paper, cloth, or other material, as above
described, to the surface of any article which we intend to ornament by pressing
the side of the sheet, piece, or layer of paper, cloth, or other material upon
which the raised figures or devices have been made or deposited against
those parts of the article which are to be ornamented therewith, and then rub
or press such paper, cloth, or other material gently against the article until
the raised figures or devices upon the surface of the paper, cloth, or other
material adhere to the surface of the article to be ornamented, after which the
paper, cloth, or other material may be removed, washed off, or destroyed by
burning or otherwise, as may be thought fit. The principle articles which we
design to ornament in this way are such as are usually made of china, parian,
earthenware, stoneware, burnt or unburnt clay, glass, hardware, papier maché,
or other materials, which are usually submitted to the action of fire or heat,
or are capable of being submitted to the action of heat, which we use when
necessary, for the purpose of fixing the figures or ornaments above mentioned:
And when the articles with their ornaments are intended to be afterwards
subjected to the action of heat for the purpose of fixing the ornaments, we
compose the ornaments applied of proper material for undergoing that action.
Having described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we declare that we claim, as of our Invention, the mode or
modes of producing raised figures or ornaments, and placing or fixing the same
upon the surfaces of articles made of metal, pottery, and earthenware, glass,
papier maché, or other materials, in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Venables, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN VENABLES. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-
named John Venables, in the presence of
THOS. PRICE,
17, Moorgate Street, London,
Solicitor.