IMPROVEMENTS MASA S DAY WITH WATER
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Cleminson, of Westminster, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
MASA S DAY WITH WATER "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Cleminson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th November 1875.
I, JAMES CLEMINSON, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING STEAM BOLLERS WITH HOT WATER,"
to be as follows :—
The object of my present Invention is to feed or supply steam boilers
with hot water by means of an improved forcing apparatus, without the
aid of suction or lifting pumps.
In carrying out my said Invention in practice, I fix a forcing
apparatus at a lower level than that of the tank containing the hot

page_text: water, so that such water may flow to my improved apparatus by the
force of gravity alone; this is an essential part of my said Invention as
distinguishing it from ordinary lifting pumps.
When my improved apparatus is applied to locomotive boilers, I fix it
under the foot plate of the engine or under the tender as may be most
convenient.
The said forcing apparatus consists of a cylinder bored out parallel
and fitted with a cover at each end, this cylinder is fitted with a piston
and metallic piston rings. A piston rod is fitted to the upper side of
the piston and passed by a gland through the upper cover of the
cylinder. The diameter of this piston rod is made larger than usual, so
that its sectional area shall make the space on that side of the piston
less than the area on the other side thereof.
The said apparatus is so arranged as to admit the hot water into the
cylinder on the upper side of the piston, and the steam from the boiler
is admitted into the cylinder on the under side of the said piston, so as to
force such hot water into the boiler; this difference of area enables the
steam more readily to force the water into the boiler. A suitable pipe
conducts the hot water from the tank to the upper side of the said
cylinder, which pipe is provided with a self-acting back-pressure valve.
A delivery pipe from the said upper side of the cylinder to the boiler is
also fitted with a back-pressure valve. A suitable pipe is fixed for
conveying steam from the boiler to the lower side of the said cylinder,
which pipe is fitted with a stop-cock and a valve, or its equivalent, to
regulate the ingress and egress of the steam. The said valve or its
equivalent is moved by an arm attached to the said piston rod. A
suitable pipe conveys the exhaust steam from the under side of the said
.cylinder to the upper side thereof, so as to be condensed by the water
from the tank; or it is conveyed to the tank direct to be therein
condensed. The said pipe is fitted with a cock, or it is fitted as a part
of the said valve and is worked in unison with it; or my said forcing
apparatus is made with two separate cylinders fitted to a frame or bed,
one cylinder being smaller in internal diameter than the other. The
pipes for conveying the water are attached to the smaller cylinder, and
the steam is conducted to the larger cylinder, so that the difference of
area shall permit the water to be forced into the boiler. Each cylinder
is fitted with a piston; these pistons are connected by a piston rod

page_text: working through glands in the covers of the cylinders.. The inlet pipe
for the steam is fitted with a valve so as to give a reciprocal motion to
the piston in the steam cylinder, so that by the alternate strokes of tho
piston the water in the smaller cylinder is forced into the boiler.
The apparatus being placed below the level of the water tank, the
water will flow into the said cylinder by the force of gravity, and which
water being hot would interfere with the ordinary suction arrangement
of a pump; or the two cylinders may be connected together, one
cylinder having a larger bore or area than the other. A piston with
piston rings is fitted to each cylinder, and the two pistons are connected
by a trunk. The said double cylinder may be fitted to work vertically,
when the pistons will descend by their own gravity, and be raised by the
steam being admitted to the under side of the piston in tho larger
cylinder, and will thus expel the water from the upper side of the
smaller cylinder; or the said double cylinder may be fitted to work
horizontally, when the piston will be moved backwards and forwards in
the larger cylinder by the steam, and the water be expelled by the
piston in the smaller cylinder. The steam pipe and valve are arranged
and fitted so as to accomplish either movement as required.
The feed water is delivered into the boiler at the lowest part of the
barrel of the boiler, and may be conveyed by a perforated tube so as to
be distributed along the bottom of such barrel.
The steam is discharged into a "hot well" or chamber within the
water tank, that such steam may heat the water in the said well more
speedily than if it was turned into the body of the water in the tender.
The water in the tender is free to flow into the said hot well, and is
thence conveyed to the said forcing apparatus by means of a suitable
nine or pines.
0
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Cleminson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th May 1876.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Cleminson, Her special licence
that I, the said James Cleminson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Cleminson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS WITH HOT WATER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, tho said James Cleminson, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Cleminson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
:―
The object of my said Invention is to feed or supply steam boilers
with hot water by means of an improved forcing apparatus without the
aid of suction or lifting pumps.
In carrying out my said Invention in practice, I fix my forcing
apparatus at a lower level than that of the tank containing the hot
water, so that such hot water may flow into my improved apparatus by
the force of gravity. This is an essential part of my said Invention as
distinguishing it from ordinary lifting or forcing pumps.
When my improved apparatus is applied to locomotive boilers I
prefer to fix it under the foot plate of the engine, or under the tank of
the tender or other part, as may be most convenient.
My said forcing apparatus consists of a cylinder bored out parallel,
and fitted with a cover at each end. The cylinder is fitted with a

page_text: metallic piston and rings, and may have in addition to the rings, or as a
substitute for them, a gland packing consisting of a compressible cover
and hemp, or other soft and clastic material in the joint. The rim of
the said cover and the scat for the hemp are bevilled, so that when the
pressure comes on the said cover it makes a tight joint with the hemp.
A piston rod is fitted to the upper side of the piston, and passed by a
gland through the upper cover of the cylinder. The diameter of the
said piston rod is made larger than usual, so that its sectional area shall
make the space or area on that side of the piston considerably less than
the area on the other side thereof.
The said apparatus is so arranged as to admit the hot water into the
cylinder on the upper side of the piston or the side having the piston
rod; and the steam from the boiler is admitted into the cylinder on the
under side of the said piston, so that the pressure of the steam shall
force the hot water into the boiler. The difference of area enables tho
steam more readily to do so. A suitable pipe conducts the hot water
from the tank to the upper end of the said cylinder, which pipe is pro-
vided with a self-acting back-pressure valve. A delivery pipe from the
said upper end of the cylinder conveys the hot water to the boiler; it is
also fitted with a back-pressure valve. A suitable pipe is fixed for con-
veying steam from the boiler to the lower end of the said cylinder,
which pipe is fitted with a stop-cock and a valve, or its equivalent, to
regulate the ingress and egress of the steam to the said cylinder. The
said valve, or its equivalent, is moved by an arm and spring attached to
the said piston rod. A suitable pipe conveys tho exhaust steam from
the said cylinder to the feed-water pipe, or it is conveyed to the tank
containing the feed water to be therein condensed. When it is conveyed
to the tank, I bend the pipe above the water level to prevent the water
flowing backwards into the pipe; or my said forcing apparatus is made
with two separate cylinders fitted to a frame or bed, or connected together
in the casting thereof; one of the said cylinders is smaller in internal
diameter than the other. The pipes for conveying the hot water are
connected to the smaller cylinder, and the steam is conducted by a pipe
to the larger cylinder, so that the difference of area shall cause the hot
water to be forced into the boiler. Each cylinder is fitted with a piston,
which pistons are connected by a piston rod working through glands in the
covers of the cylinders. The steam pipe is fitted with a stop-cock, and
the larger cylinder is fitted with a slide valve, or its equivalent, to give

page_text: a reciprocal motion to the piston therein, so that by the alternate strokes
of the piston in the steam cylinder the water in the smaller cylinder is
forced into the boiler.
The apparatus being placed below the level of the hot-water tank the
hot water therein will flow into the said smaller cylinder by the force of
gravity, and which water, being hot, would interfere with the ordinary
suction arrangement of a pump; or I connect the cylinders forming
my said forcing apparatus together, one cylinder having a larger area
than the other. A piston with piston rings is fitted to each cylinder,
and the two pistons are connected by a trunk. The said double cylinder
may be fitted to work vertically, when the pistons will descend by their
own gravity, and be raised by the steam being admitted to the lower
side of the piston in the larger cylinder, and will thus expel the water
from the upper side of the piston in the smaller cylinder. Pipes for
conveying the water and steam are fitted, as explained under my first-
described arrangement; or the said double cylinder may be fitted to
work horizontally, when the piston will be moved backwards and for-
wards in the larger cylinder by the steam, and the water will be expelled
by the piston in the smaller cylinder. The steam pipe is fitted with a
stop-cock, and the larger cylinder is fitted with a slide or cylindrical or
conical valve to regulate the steam. The piston is fitted with springs to
move the valve to full port as required.
The feed water in the tank is heated by any known means, but by
preference I use a portion of the exhaust steam of the engine, and a pipe
for conveying it is fitted thereto.
The exhaust steam is discharged into a hot well or chamber within
the water tank, so that such steam may heat the water in the said
well more speedily than if it was turned into the body of water in the
tank or tender.
The water in the tank or tender is free to flow into the said hot well,
and is thence conveyed to the forcing apparatus by means of a suitable
pipe or pipes, as already described.
I now proceed to describe my said Invention more particularly,
reference being made to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
The corresponding parts in Figures 1 to 5 are similarly lettered, and
Figures 6 to 14 are lettered separately.

page_text: 16, the piston rod and grand 1.
Figure 1 is for single action; the hot water flows by the pipe d into
the cylinder b. Steam is admitted by the pipe c to the cylinder a.
When the piston g is raised the arm i raises the rod k and moves the
valve to shut the steam off and open the exhaust port as shewn. The
piston then descends until the spring m rests on the step n, and
compresses the spring. The piston still descends until the pin o rests
on the bottom of the link and forces the rod past the inclined stop; the
spring then recoils and moves the valve full port. The water is thus
expelled by the pipe e into the boiler.
Figure 2 is also single action, and has the cylinder of different
internal diameters. The movement of the valve and spring is similar to
that under Figure 1, and is shewn full size in Figures 9 and 10.
Figure 3 is double action and forces water each movement of the
piston. The piston or ram in the water cylinders may be fitted with
rings or with the gland packing, shewn full size in Figure 11. The
valve is conical, and is shewn full size in Figures 6, 7, and 8. When
the piston in the steam cylinder is moved up it strikes the spindle i,
and moves the auxilliary cock k which admits steam to change the
valve for the down stroke. The bottom spindle is also forced into the
cylinder. When the piston descends it strikes the spindle and moves
the auxilliary cock k, which admits steam to change the valve, as shewn
for the up stroke. Steam is carried round the valve in the channel 1,
and exhausted by the centre of the valve m.

page_text: Figure 4 is also double action, and is similar to Figure 3, but the
cylinders are distinct and are connected by. the covers being cast
together, but they may also be joined by being fixed to a bed plate.
The same arrangement for working Figure 3 applies to Figure 4, and
the parts are lettered alike. On the piston in the outer cylinder,
instead of the rings shewn in Figure 3, I fix two cups of lead to
make a tight joint, they are reversed with a plate to support them as
shewn.
Figure 5 is also double action and is similar to Figure 4, but the
valve arrangement consists of a ram moving in a close fitting cylinder,
the details are shewn full size in Figures 12, 13, and 14.
Figure 6 is a section of a valve in Figures 3 and 4 through the line a, b;
and Figure 8 is a section of the valve through the line c, d, and
Figure 7 is a longitudinal section; k, the auxilliary cock which is moved
by the piston. The steam enters by the holes 8, 8, and moves the
.oscillating valve n; the valve is packed with hemp or asbestos to make
a tight joint; the back or sides of the valve seat may also be similarly
packed. The exhaust steam escapes by the holes x, x; the end of the
valve spindle is square and enters the centre of the valve m to turn it.
Steam is admitted at 8 and around the annular groove 1, 1; the ports
are cut as branches from the said groove; the exhaust x, x, is carried
out by the centre of the valve; the spiral spring o keeps the conical
valve in its seat.
Figures 9 and 10 are sections of the valve in Figure 2; steam is
admitted to the annular grooves 1, 1, and by the branches 1, ", to the
ports in the valve seat. The movement of the valve by the spring is
explained under Figure 1; the catch n keeps the valve from moving
until the descending piston forces it out, and then the recoil of the
spring m, Figures 1 and 2, moves the valve to full port for the up
stroke; the spiral spring o resting on the washer p keeps the conical
valve in its seat.
Figure 11 is the gland packing for making a tight joint in the piston;
i is the piston rod fixed to the piston k; the space 1, 7, with bevilled
rims is packed with hemp, gaskin, or asbestos; the pressure on the
rim of cover m keeps the packing tight as it wears; n is a hole to
admit water to the inside of cover; o, o, studs to keep the cover in
position.

page_text: Figure 12 is a full size sectional elevation of the valve in Figure 5; it
may either be in line with the steam cylinder or across it as shewn, but
by preference I place it horizontally.
Figure 13 is an elevation at right angles to the former; and Figure 14
is a plan of the same; 8, the steam pipe; x, the exhaust; a, the starting
valve or cock supplied by steam from s by the duct 8', and exhausts
by x¹ into x; it is moved by the spindles b, b', and bent arm c to admit
the steam at each stroke of the piston to change the valve d; the steam
is conducted to each end of the valve d alternately by the ducts &¹. In
the valve d is a longitudinal holes to admit the steam to the cylinder,
and longitudinal hole to exhaust by. The passage of the valve
backwards and forwards still keeps a communication with the larger
pipes and above and below the valve; ", r, rings to make a tight
joint; t, a stud to keep the valve from turning round.
Having thus fully described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the method of performing the same, I hereby further
declare that I do not restrict myself to the precise forms and dimensions
of the several details now illustrated, as they may be modified or varied
in both respects without departing from the principles on which my said
Invention is based, but what I claim as new and desire to secure by the
herein-before mentioned in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Fifthly. The arrangement of double lead cups for making a tight joint

page_text: for water or steam, substantially as described and illustrated under
Figures 4 and 5.
Sixthly. The arrangement of cylindrical steam valve and starting
valve or cock moved by the bent arm or other suitable connection,
substantially as described and illustrated under Figures 5, 12, 13,
and 14.
Seventhly. The using of a hot well in connection with the tank for
more speedily heating the feed water.
Eighthly. Placing my forcing apparatus in any of its forms at a lower
level than the hot feed water, so that the water may flow into the 1
cylinder fitted to receive it by its own gravity, substantially as herein
described.
Ninthly. The use of the several details mentioned above when applied
as part of ordinary pumping gear.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Cleminson, have hereunto ]
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
T&B
זגNAגז: AT