IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING SEWAGE MATTER, AND FOR FILTERING SEWAGE AND OTHER WATER
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, of Horwich,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING SEWAGE MATTER, AND FOR
FILTERING SEWAGE AND OTHER WATER."
Sealed the 9th June 1871, and dated the 14th December 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Ludewig
Hahn Danchell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 14th December 1870.
I, FREDERICK Ludewig Hahn DANCHELL, of Horwich, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TREATING SEWage Matter,
AND FOR FILTERING SEWAGE AND OTHER WATER," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to the treatment of sewage matter, and to
filtering the water with which the sewage matter is combined, or other
water.
The apparatus consists of one or more tanks or cisterns in which the
sewage is collected; these cisterns are tapered and have discharge pipes

page_text: below. Along the cistern are two or more series of filters containing
charcoal, the impure water from the top of the cistern is conveyed by a
pipe to the bottom of the first filter, through which it penetrates upwards,
the charcoal retaining a great proportion of the impurities; the partially
purified water from the top of the first filter is conveyed to the bottom
of the second filter, and so on to the third or last filter, when more than
three are employed, from which it is discharged into the river, or it is
otherwise disposed off. The solid portions of the sewage which accu-
mulate at the bottom of the cistern are discharged at intervals, and may
be combined with the charcoal from the filters when it has absorbed the
desired amount of impurities to be used as manure. When three rows
of filters are used and when the charcoal of the first has become
saturated with sewage matter it is lifted out of its place, and the second
filter is put in its place, while the third filter is put in the place of the
second, and a clean filter is put in the place of the third. The number
of filters used in succession may be increased or reduced.
The apparatus above described is applicable to filtering water from
nince and for other purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 13th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRÉSENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
LUDEWIG HAHN DANCHELL, of Horwich, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn
Danchell, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn
Danchell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR TREATING SEWAGE MATTER, AND FOR FILTERING SEWAGE AND OTHER WATER,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Ludewig
Hahn Danchell, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Ludewig. Hahn Danchell,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
My Invention consists in an improved arrangement of cisterns, tanks,
and filters, with their connecting pipes, and supply and discharge
valves for treating sewage matter, and for filtering sewage and other
water.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a ground plan of my improved apparatus adapted for the
treating of sewage matter, and for filtering the water with which it is
combined; Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same in section through the
line A, B; Fig. 3 is a section through the line C, D; and Fig. 4 is
another section through the line E, F.
In these views a, a, are two chambers made of masonry or other
suitable material. I wish to remark that in some cases one chamber may
be used, and in others more than two may be required. The bottoms
of these chambers are made in steps, and on these steps are placed
the filters b, which are thus placed on different levels, and which
contain charcoal or other disinfectant. Between the chambers a, a,
are the side cisterns c, c, and the central cistern d, the bottoms of which
are tapered. Between the cisterns c, c, and d, are the valves e, which
are opened and closed when required by hand, wheels and screws, as
shewn in the Drawing, or other equivalents. The upper portions of the

page_text: cisterns c, c, are connected to the bottoms of the first series of filters b
by the pipes f, and the tops of the first series of filters are connected
to the bottoms of the second series by the pipes g, the second and third
series of filters being connected by the pipes h, and the tops of the
third series, or if more than three series are employed, the tops of the
last series, are connected by the pipes to the discharge pipes j which
are in communication with the river, or drain, or other outlet. Under
the cisterns c, c, are the chambers c¹, c¹, and there is a similar chamber d'
under the cistern d, these chambers contain the pipes c³, c³, and a³, the
ends of which are provided with stop valves placed in the chamber k,
as shewn in Fig. 1, and are united in the main discharge pipe 7. The
main pipe m is for supplying the sewage matter to be operated upon;
this pipe has openings below to allow the sewage matter to run into
the cistern d, it has also a blank flange to close one end, and it is
provided with a stop valve (not shewn in the Drawing) to regulate the

page_text: a travelling crane on rails, laid on the sides of the chambers a, as
shewn in Fig. 1. The number of filters used in succession may be
increased or reduced.
It is evident that by regulating the openings of the supply and dischargo
valves a constant flow of the sewage matter may be kept up until the
filters or some of them become saturated with the sewage matter, or if
the apparatus is used for filtering water, until the filters require fresh
charcoal or other disinfectant.
The apparatus above described is applicable to filtering water from
reservoirs for the town's main pipes, and for other purposes.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, I wish to observe that the details given
may be varied, and I declare that I claim,-
First. The general arrangement of the cisterns and filters with their
connecting pipes and supply and discharge valves for treating sewage
matters, and for filtering sewage and other waters as shewn and
described.
Secondly. I claim the application of two or more filters placed at
different levels, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of June
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
F. L. HAHN DANCHELL. (L.S.)