Improvements in Cylinder Paper Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 31st May, 1890
Complete Specification Left. 28th Feb; 1891--Accepted, 30th May, 189;
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinder Paper Machines.
I, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, (a communication to me from abroad by James McNamar
of North Bennington, Vermont, U.S.A., Inventor,) do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in cylinder
machines for making paper, and in the devices used in connection therewith for
more perfectly and homogeneously mixing the pulp in the current just before and
at the moment it is delivered to the moulds, and in means for effecting a more
perfect felting or interlacing of the fibre during its deposition on the surface of
the mould.
The improvements are more especially applicable to a machine in which two
cylinders are employed; but by an appropriate modification and adjustment of
parts they may be adapted to any number of cylinders.
Beneath the
The cylinder vat is however preferably equipped with two cylinders. A screen
of usual construction is attached and agitated in the usual way.
screen is a reservoir which receives the strained pulp from the screen.
A regulator is placed in the bottom of the vat just in front of a dam forming part
of the reservoir aforesaid, and over which the pulp passes in the form of a cascade
through which the water is forced which is used to dilute the pulp. Next in front
of the regulator is a gate which is vertically adjustable. Under this gate the
whole body of pulp which supplies the cylinders passes. Just ahead of the gate a
deflector is placed against which the current impinges in its passage to the cylinders
and takes an upward turn. Here it rises in a channel way to the desired level and
a part of it flows over the top edge of a false bottom and passes under the cylinder
mould, and thence the surplus or overflow passes over the back side of the bottom
into a trough and thence out through an outlet of an adjustable gate, through a
sluiceway and aperture to a receiving reservoir whence it is carried by a fan pump
through a pipe and trough around to an apron and thence onto a screen.
A pump is provided, which supplies water to a regulator and is speeded to throw
a forcible jet into the same. This regulator consists of a box or tube which extends
across the whole width of the vat and is divided longitudinally into three chambers,
one above the other. The pulp is injected through a pipe into the bottom chamber
whence it passes through a perforated partition into the chamber next above.
Here the pulp impinges against a deflector and is thrown against the back side of
the box and passes through a longitudinal space between the edge of the deflector
and the side of the box. From the upper chamber it passes through holes in the
top of the box and holes in a sliding cover of the box into the vat. This sliding
cover is called an equalizing gate and through the perforations therein water
jets are violently forced upwardly, which encounter the downpour of pulp from the
dam aforementioned, and the collision of these two opposing currents effects a
complete mixture of the water with the pulp, so that it is in its most perfect
condition to go to the cylinders.
ઃ
"
Dated this 21st day of Nov 1800
J. P. BAYLY.
Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinder Paper Machines.
1, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a com-
munication to me from abroad by James McNamar, of North Bennington,
Vermont, U.S.A., Inventor,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The improvements which constitute the subject matter of this application for
Patent relate to the construction of cylinder-vats in cylinder machines for making
paper, and to specific devices used in connection therewith for more perfectly
and homogeneously mixing the pulp in the current just before and at the moment it
is delivered in the moulds, and to means for effecting a more perfect felting or
interlacing of the fibre during its deposition on the surface of the mould.
The invention is fully disclosed in the drawings, wherein a vertical longitudinal
section through the screen and cylinder-vats of a cylinder paper-machine is shown
in elevation in Figure 1. Fig. 2 shows a plan of the machine. Fig. 3 is a vertical
transverse section of the machine, taken on the line 12 of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 is a
vertical longitudinal section through the regulator, taken on the line 3 4 of Fig. 1.
In Figs. 2 and 3 the couch-rolls are not shown.
The objects sought to be obtained by the use of these improvements are to
deliver to each cylinder of a paper-machine in which more than one cylinder is
employed a separate and independent current of pulp, to so mix and dilute the pulp
that the highest attainable degree of homogeneity shall be obtained, and to so
agitate and direct these currents that the fibre shall be laid and felted in the most
promiscuous and homogeneous manner.
These improvements are shown as applied to a machine in which two cylinders
are employed; but by an appropriate modification and adjustment of parts the same
may be adapted to any number of cylinders. The cylinder-vat is shown at A. a,
and is equipped with two cylinders V and V. The screen K is attached and is
agitated in the usual way. Beneath the screen is the reservoir L, which receives
the strained pulp from the screen. A regulator O is placed in the bottom of the
vat just in front of the dam M, over which the pulp passes in the form of a cascade,
and comes into contact with and mixes with water forced through the said regulator,
as hereinafter described.
Next in front of the regulator is the gate Q, which is vertically adjustable.
Under this gate the whole body of pulp which supplies the cylinders passes.
Just ahead of the gate, deflector R is placed, against which the current impinges
in its passage to the cylinders and takes an upward turn. Here it rises in the
channel-way S to the desired level, (indicated by the dotted line,) and a part of
it flows over the top edge of the false bottom T and passes under the bottom
of the cylinder-mould V, and thence the surplus or overflow passes over the back
side of the bottom T into the trough X, and thence out through the outlet Z of
the adjustable gate Y, Fig. 2, through the sluiceway and aperture all to the
receiving-reservoir E, whence it is carried by the fan-pump through pipe G
and trough H around to the apron J, and thence onto the screen K. The
branch of the current not escaping through the channel U passes over the top of
the deflector R, and thence under the false bottom T to the throatway S', where
it flows over the top of the front edge of the second false bottom T into the
channel U, where it reaches the mould in precisely the same way as the first
part did in passing through the channel U. Here the second sheet is formed as
in ordinary machines. The overflow from this cylinder passes over the back edge
of the false bottom into the trough X', out through the outlet Z, pipe 1, Fig. 2,
to the receiver E, and thence through the pump F, by the route before described,
to the screen again.
As a means for setting up a transverse current in the pulp on the back side of

page_text: the cylinder, in addition to the devices just described, the ends of the cylinders
opposite to the discharge end of the troughs X and X are closed, and the pulp
which passes over the front edge of false bottoms T and T can flow freely around
the closed end and enter the troughs X and X. By this means a positive current
in the troughs across the vat and adjacent to the cylinder is produced, the action
of which sets up an induced current in the channels U and U', whereby the
tendency to lay the fibre longitudinally on the surface of the cylinders is largely
frustrated.
The pulp to supply the machine is forced from the stuff-chest through the pipe A
into the box B. The surplus, if any, flows over the top of the escape-pipe C, and
passes back to the stuff-chest. From the box B it descends to the reservoir E,
whence it is taken up by the fan-pump F and forced through the tube G into the
troughs Hand J, which deliver it to the screen.
The pump F is used to force water through the regulator O, and is speeded to
throw a forcible jet into the same. The structure and manner of working of this
regulator can be deduced from an inspection of Fig. 4.
It consists of a box or
tube which extends across the whole width of the vat, as seen in Fig. 1, divided
longitudinally into three chambers, one above the other. The water is injected
through the pipe N into the bottom chamber a, whence it passes through the
perforated partition into the chamber next above. Here the water impinges
against the deflector d, and is thrown against the back side of the box and passes
through a longitudinal space between the edge of the deflector and the side of th
box, as seen in Fig. 1. From the upper chamber it passes through the-holes ff f
in the top of the box, and the holes in the sliding cover of the box out
into the vat. This sliding cover I designate as an equalizing-gate," and through
the perforations therein water-jets are violently forced upwardly, which encounter
the downpour of pulp from the dam M; and the collision of these two opposing
currents effects a most complete mixture of the water with the pulp, so that it is in
its most perfect condition to go to the cylinders.
66
To effect perfect lateral regulation of the current, so as to secure an even
distribution of the pulp to both ends of the cylinders alike, the sliding cover g of
the regulator has its holes hhh bored at a slightly greater or less distance apart
than the holes in the top of the box beneath it, so that the two sets of holes are
never in exact opposition. By this means of differentiation it becomes possible to
throw a greater or less quantity of water, which carries the material with it to onc
or the other side of the machine, according as the holes at one or the other end of
the regulator are fully opened. This can be effected by simply turning the hand-
wheel, the hub of which is a nut and runs on the screw-stem i, attached to the
sliding-cover of the regulator.
9
The construction and arrangement of the gate Q, deflector R, and false bottom T
operate to cause the pulp to be impelled toward and against the cylinder in a
direction perpendicular to its surface while in a condition of general agitation, the
effect of which is to lay the fibre in promiscuous directions at the moment of its
first deposit. As it passes under and around the cylinder through the channel U,
it is in the most favourable condition possible on a cylinder machine to deposit
evenly on the surface of the mould; but as the pulp begins to rise on the back side
of the cylinder an influence is brought to bear on the current whereby it is induced
to take a transverse diagonal direction across the cylinder, which diagonal trend
of the current has the effect of laying the fibres last adhering to the mould in a
transverse direction, as shown on the surface of the cylinder in Fig. 3. The means
employed to set up this induced current consists of the false bottoms T and T',
troughs X and X', and overflow-gates Y and Y. It will be observed that the
gates Y and Y are made with a long opening in their upper halves and are fitted
to slide in vertical ways, while the troughs X and X' are open at their discharge
ends from top to bottom, thus forming an opening as deep as the openings in the
gates. When the gates Y and Y are pulled up to their highest limit, the outlet
to the troughs will be closed; but when the gates are shoved down, so that the

page_text: bottom of the opening in the gate comes below the top of the opening in the end
of the trough an aperture will be made, through which the surplus overflow from
the cylinder can escape. By having a considerable depth of water or pulp at the
bottom of the trough the superficial current set up moves off easily, and the tractile
force which it exerts causes an induced current to manifest itself, the influence of
which retroacts upon the body of pulp in the channels U and U₁. This result is
due to the establishment of a transverse current on the surface of the body of pulp
in the discharge-troughs X and X', at a plane above the top edge of the back side
of the false bottoms of the cylinders T and T. If the gates Y and Y¹ be shoved
down so that the surface of the discharge-current in the troughs falls below the top
edge of the back of the false bottoms, thus leaving the overflow-pulp to pass from
the channels U and U' in a cascade or waterfall over the back of the false bottom,
the current will take a direction parallel with the axis of the machine, and the
diagonally-transverse lay of the fibre in the sheet will be lost.
'Where more than one cylinder is employed in a machine the gates Y and Y' may
be arranged on alternately opposite sides of the machine, so that the surface-
currents in the troughs shall run in opposite directions. By such an arrangement
the diagonal lay of the fibre on each successive cylinder will be transverse to that
on the one immediately preceding it. In this way a most perfect interlacing of
fibre in the sheet can be obtained. As a means for attaining such a result, I have
shown in Fig. 2 a gate at both ends of the trough in rear of cylinder V. This
conductor discharges through the pipe 1, Fig. 1, into the pipe 1. (Seen in
Fig. 2.)
As the overflow of pulp from each cylinder varies in making different kinds of
papers, it is obvious that provision should be made for enlarging or diminishing the
outlet at the gates without interfering with the maintenance of the proper level of
the current in the troughs. This is accomplished by the peculiar construction of
the gate-opening in relation to the opening from the trough. As before stated,
when the gate is pulled up the outlet is closed, and in depressing it the first opening
is made at the top of the outlet-opening instead of at the bottom, as the case would
be with a gate of ordinary construction. By this arrangement the hole can be
enlarged at the bottom to increase its capacity without disturbing the level of the
current.
For the purpose of maintaining the proper level of the pulp in the vat, the
reservoir 7, Fig. 2 is provided, in which is a float connected with levers and
waste-valve u. The reservoir 7 opens into the main vat by means of the aperture r¹,
Fig. 1, so that the pulp in the vat and float-reservoir at all times maintains the
same level.
Each of the cylinders is provided with a blanket W, which extends across the
whole length of the cylinder and hangs low enough to dip into the pulp a short
distance. It drags on the surface of the cylinder for the purpose of breaking any
bubbles or removing any adhering particles which may cling to the surface of the
cylinder on its upper side after it emerges from the pulp, and also for the purpose
of keeping back the froth on the front side of the cylinder.
From the foregoing it will be seen that by this system each cylinder is supplied
with a separate and independent current of pulp, and that in its passage over the
surface of the moulds a transverse diagonal movement is imparted to it, and that
such current may be diverted to either side of the machine, so that the fibre can be
laid on different moulds in opposite diagonal directions. In the machine illustrated,
the diagonal fibre laid in the formation of the sheet on the first cylinder will come
in the centre of the finished sheet, while that laid in the formation of the sheet on
the rear cylinder will come on the surface of the sheet.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A regulator for controlling, equalizing, and distributing the supply of pulp to

page_text: the cylinder-moulds of a paper-making machine, consisting of a tube having an
inlet-port for the admission of water, and a series of outlet ports for its escape, in
combination with a gate adapted to slide over said tube, provided with ports similar
in number and form to those of the tube, but differentially spaced, so that when the
gate is adjusted to fully open the outlet ports at one end of the tube the ports at the
other end will be partially closed, substantially as described, and for the purposes
set forth.
2. A regulator for regulating, controlling, equalizing, and distributing the supply
of pulp to the cylinder-moulds of a paper-making machine, consisting of a tube
having an inlet-port for the admission of water divided by a longitudinal perforated
diaphragm and provided with a series of outlet-ports for the escape of the water, in
combination with a gate adapted to slide over said tube provided with ports similar
in number and form to those of the tube, but differentially spaced, so that when the
gate is adjusted to fully open the outlet-ports at one end of the tube the ports at
the other end will be partially closed, substantially as described, and for the purposes
set forth.
3. A. regulator for controlling, equalizing, and distributing the supply of pulp to
the cylinder-moulds of a paper-making machine, consisting of a chamber having an
inlet-port for the admission of the water, a longitudinal perforated diaphragm
located above said inlet-port, a longitudinal deflecting ledge or bar located above
the perforated diaphragm in the path of the current from the perforations therein,
and a series of outlet-ports for the escape of the water, in combination with a gate
adapted to slide over said chamber and provided with ports similar in number and
form to those of the chamber, but differentially spaced, so that when the gate is
adjusted to fully open the outlet-ports at one end of the chamber the ports at the
other end will be partially closed, substantially as described; and for the purposes
specified.
4. The combination, in a paper-making machine, of a reservoir beneath the pulp-
screen with a sliding-current-equalizing gate for regulating the water supply located
in front of and beneath the current from the reservoir, said equalizing-gate being
connected with the water-supply tube and fitted with a series of perforations which
are adapted to co-operate with a like series of perforations in the supply-tube, but
differentially spaced, substantially as shown, and so placed as to throw a series of
vertical jets of water against the under side of the inflowing current from the
reservoir, whereby the water and pulp become thoroughly mixed, substantially as
described and set forth.
5. The combination, in a paper-making machine, of a reservoir beneath the pulp-
screen, a water supply chamber having a series of outlet-perforations and provided
with a differentially-perforated regulating-gate located beneath the influx-current
from the reservoir, and a vertically-adjustable partition-gate extending across the
vat between the regulating-gate and the paper-cylinder, when arranged to operate
substantially in the manner described, and for the purposes set forth.
6. The combination, in the order named, in a paper-making machine, of a
reservoir beneath the pulp-screen, a water supply chamber having a series of outlet-
perforations and provided with a differentially-perforated regulating-gate located
beneath the influx current from the reservoir, and a transverse deflector located
between the partition-gate and the cylinder, when arranged to operate substantially
as described, and for the purposes set forth.
7. The combination, in the cylinder-vat of a paper-making machine, of a
vertically-adjustable partition-gate under which the current from the screen-
reservoir passes, and a transverse deflector adjusted in the bottom of the vat
immediately in front of the opening under the bottom of the partition-gate for giving
to the current an upward turn as it approaches the cylinder, substantially as
specified.
8. The combination, in the vat of a paper-making machine, of a semi-tubular
false bottom arranged beneath the cylinder so as to leave a channel-space between
it and the surface of the cylinder for the passage of the pulp, having its upper edge

page_text: on the discharge side a little lower than the normal level of the pulp in the vat
when in its working condition, a transverse trough or sluiceway extending across
the vat adjacent to the discharge side of said false bottom, and provided at one end
with a discharge-gate adapted to effect the discharge of the overflow pulp at the
normal working level of the pulp. in the vat as it comes from the channel under the
cylinder, substantially as specified.
9. The combination, with the cylinders in the vat of a cylinder-paper-machine, of
a semi-tubular false bottom under the cylinder, a transverse trough extending across
the vat adjacent to the discharge side of said false bottom and having an outlet
through the side of the vat at one end thereof on a level with the normal working-
level of the pulp in the vat, and a blanket hung below the coucher-roll, so as to
wipe the surface of the cylinder and dip into the pulp a short distance to exclude
froth, substantially as described and set forth.
10. The combination, with the cylinders in the vat of a cylinder paper-machine,
of a semi-tubular false bottom under the cylinder, a transverse trough extending
across the vat adjacent to the discharge side of said false bottom and having
provisions, substantially as described, at each end of said trough for carrying off the
overflow from the channel beneath the cylinder at a level coincident with the normal
working-level of the pulp in the vat, substantially as specified.
11. The combination, in the vat of a paper-making machine in which more than
one cylinder-mould is used, of a semi-tubular false bottom under each cylinder,
between which and the cylinder a current of pulp is carried to the same, said
bottom having that edge over which the surplus pulp escapes a little below the
normal working-level of the pulp in the vat, a deep trough adjacent to the overflow
edge of each such bottorn, having a discharge-outlet through one side of the vat
substantially on a level with the normal level of the pulp in the vat, subject to the
control of a regulating-gate, said outlets being alternately disposed on opposite sides
of the vat, substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.
12. A cylinder-vat in a paper-making machine provided with two or more
cylinders, each of which is provided with a false bottom of the character described
and an overflow trough having an outlet at either or both its ends, in combination
with provisions, substantially as described, for supplying a separate and independent
current of pulp to each cylinder, in the manner described, and for the purposes
set forth.
13. The combination, in a cylinder-vat in a paper-making machine, of a cylinder
closed at one end but leaving free space between such closed end and the wall of
the vat for the passage of a current of pulp, with a semi-tubular false bottom
beneath such cylinder and a transverse trough in rear of the same, having a
discharge-port at the end thereof opposite to the closed end of the cylinder as a
means for producing a transverse current of pulp in the vat adjacent to the cylinder,
substantially as described and set forth.
14. The combination, in the order named in a cylinder paper-making machine, of
a pulp screen, a water supply chamber, having a series of outlet-perforations, and
provided with a differentially perforated regulating-gate of the character described,
located beneath the influx current from the pulp screen and between said screen
and the cylinder, a deflector located between said regulating-gate and the cylinder
adapted to give to the current an upward direction towards the immergent side of
the revolving cylinder, and the cylinder provided with the semi-tubular false
bottom, constructed and arranged to operate substantially in the manner described
and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 28th day at Bohman* 1201
J. P. BAYLY,
Applicant.