IM- PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Binnion, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS."
Sealed the 22nd February 1854, and dated the 16th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Binnion at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th December 1853.
I, WILLIAM BINNION, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS " to be as follows:-
My said improvements consist,―
Firstly, in the method of fastening the handle, or socket containing
the candle, to the body of the lamp. This I effect by placing a spring
catch on the said handle or socket; which catch, when the handle or
socket is put into its place, engages under a collar or ring in the tube
at the bottom of the lamp, into which said tube the said handle or
socket enters when the candle is introduced into the lamp. By
pressing a stud or button on the said spring catch, it may be disengaged

page_text: from the said collar or ring, and the handle or socket may then be
removed.
Secondly, in introducing air to support combustion in the lamp from
the before-mentioned tube into which the handle or socket enters,
instead of by holes in the bottom of the lamp case. The air supplied by
the said tube, enters the lamp underneath the nozzle which surrounds
the top of the candle. By this method of introducing air, a violent
wind gives no flickering or unsteadiness to the flame.
Thirdly, in causing the air to pass out of the lamp, by passing through
holes in two concentric tubes at the top of the lamp, the holes in one
tube being opposed to the unperforated parts of the other tube. By
this method of construction, air blowing against the top of the lamp
causes no unsteadiness in the flame, and does not impede the circula-
tion of air through the lamp.
Fourthly, in substituting a self-acting spring-catch fastening to the
door of the lamp, in place of the ordinary fastening, which said spring-
catch fastening secures the door on its being shut, and avoids the
inconvenience of having to adjust the parts of the fastening in the dark,
which occurs in using the ordinary fastening.
Fifthly, in the use of rectangular, or nearly rectangular reflectors,
external to the glass sides of the lamp (the said reflectors somewhat
resembling a frame, in which the glass side of the lamp is set). By
the use of such reflectors, great concentration of the light is effected,
and the glass sides of the lamp are defended from accidental fracture
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Binnion in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM BINNION, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in

page_text: the year. of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors. give and grant unto me, the said William Binnion, Her
special licence that I, the said William Binnion, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Binnion,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CABRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS," the condition
upon
(amongst others) that I, the said William Binnion, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, 'should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Binnion, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):-
Figure 1 represents in elevation, and Figure 2 in vertical section, a
lamp, in which my several improvements are combined.
My said improvements consist, firstly, in a method of fastening the
handle or socket a, which contains the candle, to the body of the
lamp b. I effect this by placing a spring catch c on the said handlo
or socket a, which said catch engages with the ring d, at the bottom
of the tube e, when the said handle or socket a is put in its place, as
represented in Figure 2. By pressing upon the thumb-plate c' of the
catch the said catch may be disengaged from the collar or ring d
and the handle or socket a removed from the lamp.
C
My Invention consists, secondly, in the method of introducing air
to support combustion in the said lamp. This I effect by causing
the air to enter between the tube e, in which the handle or socket a
engages, and the outer tube f, instead of by holes in the bottom of

page_text: the case, as in lamps of the ordinary construction; the course of the
air is indicated by arrows in Figure 2, by which it will be seen, that
the air, after passing between the tubes e, f, enters the lamp under-
neath the nozzlo g, which surrounds the top of the candle. By this
method of introducing air, the flame suffers no flickering or unsteadiness
when the lamp is exposed to a violent wind.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in a method of causing the heated
air to pass out of the lamp. This is effected by the two concentric
tubes h, i, at the top of the lamp, the said tubes having longitudinal
perforations, as represented; the heated air rising up the tube h, passes
through the openings k, k, into the space between tho tubes h, i; from
thence it passes into the external air, by the openings shown in dotted
lines in the tube i, the openings in the tubes being unopposed to each
other. By this method of construction, the unsteadiness of the flame
of the lump occasioned by currents of air directed against the top
of the lamp is avoided, while there is a free circulation of air through
the lamp provided.
My Invention consists, fourthly, in the use of rectangular or nearly
rectangular reflectors 1, 1, placed external to the glass sides m, of the
lamp. By the use of the said reflectors, great concentration of light is
obtained, and the said reflectors, from their position, defend the glass
sides of the lamp from accidental fracture or injury.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise methods herein described, as the s
same may be varied without departing from the nature of my said
Invention, but I claim as my Invention,
Firstly, fastening the handle or socket, which holds the candle in
carriage or other lamps, to the body of the lamp, by means of a spring
catch, as herein described and represented in the accompanying
Drawing.
Secondly, the introduction of air into carriage or other lamps, by
causing the same to enter the body of the lamp under the nozzle sur-
rounding the top of the candle, as herein described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawing.

page_text: Thirdly, causing the air to pass out of the top of carriage and
other lamps through openings in two concentric tubes, the openings in
one tube being opposed to the unperforated part of the other tube, as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Fourthly, the use of rectangular, or nearly rectangular frame-like
reflectors, external to the glass sides of carriage and other lamps, as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Binnion, have have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
WILLIAM BINNION. (L.B.)