IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING CARRIAGES, FOR COMMON ROADS." PROAL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Francis Woodall, of 28, Orchard Street,
Portman Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING CARRIAGES, FOR COMMON ROADS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Francis, Woodall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th April 1862.
I, JOHN FRANCIS WOODALL, of 28, Orchard Street, Portman Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS,"
to be as follows:-
I form long narrow slits or apertures in the sides and over the doors, and
in some cases also in front of carriages close to the roof of the same, and
cover them on the outside with ornamental gratings through which the
external air can pass into the interior of the carriage. On the inside
these apertures are provided with flaps or valves hinged at the bottom and
opening at the top so as to regulate at pleasure the quantity of external air
admitted and to direct the currents upwards towards the roof.
In or

page_text: near the centre of the roof lining of the carriage I form a valvular
opening also covered with ornamental scrollwork and capable of being opened
or closed at pleasure. This opening is connected with and conducts
into a tube or passage fixed to the roof of the carriage and leading to the
back of. the same, where it communicates with the external atmosphere
through a narrow slit which may be hidden or covered externally by means
of a beading or ornamental shield or grating or in any other suitable manner.
The effect of this arrangement will be that when the carriage is in motion
the fresh external air will pass into the carriage through the before-mentioned
slits or apertures in the sides or front of the same, whilst at the same time
the hot or impure-air inside the carriage-and-which-is mostly situated at
the top close to the roof will be partly drawn off by the motion of the carriage
and partly driven off by the entrance of the fresh air into the before-mentioned
valvular opening in the roof lining, and passing along the tube or passage
communicating with the same will escape into the external atmosphero
through the before-mentioned narrow opening in the back of the carriage.
The entrance of the fresh air will not be inconveniently felt by the persons
inside the carriage, as the currents are directed upwards towards the roof
by the regulating flaps or valves attached to the openings as before-mentioned.
In some cases and particularly when my improved mode of ventilation is
applied to carriages of which the roofs are constructed so as to open I dispense
with the tube or passage connected to the opening in the roof, as also with
the slit in the back of the carriage, and I form the central opening
right through the roof, which opening I provide externally with a narrow
rim and fix over the same a suitably formed cover so as to prevent rain
or dust from passing into the carriage at the same time allowing free
ogress to the impure air contained in the same.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Francis Woodall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd October 1862.
..TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FRANCIS WOODALL, of 28, Orchard Street, Portman Square, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting...:
i
WHEREAS Her most, Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
.Patent, bearing date the Fourth day, of April, in the year of our Lord
§

page_text: One: thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Francis Woodall; Her special licence that I, the said John
Francis Woodall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other's
as. I, the said John Francis Woodall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns; shouldi at any time agree with,, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man," an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I,, the said John Francis Woodall,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing, under my, or
their, or.one of their hands and seals; should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to. be: performed, and, cause, the same to be filed in the Great. Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately, after the
date of the said Letters Patent..:: .:
2194
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Francis Woodall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and
to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention has for its object the more perfect ventilation of carriages
for common roads than has been: heretofore effected. For this purpose
I form long narrow slits.. or. apertures in. the sides and over the doors
and in some cases also in front of carriages close to the roof of the same, and
cover them on the outside with. ornamental. gratings through which the
external air can pass into the interior of the carriage. On the inside these
apertures are provided with' flaps or valves hinged at the bottom and opening
at the top so as to regulate at pleasure the quantity of external- air admitted
and to direct the currents upwards towards the roof. In or near the centre
of the roof lining of the carriage 1. form a valvular opening "also covered
with ornamental scrollwork and capable of being opened or closed at pleasure.
This opening is connected with and conducts into a tube or passage fixed
to the roof of the carriage and leading to the back of the same, 'where it com-
municates with the external atmosphere through a narrow slit which may
be hidden or covered externally by means of a beading or ornamental shield
or grating, or in any other suitable manner. The effect of this arrangement

page_text: will be that, when the, carriage is in motion the fresh external air will pass into
the carriage through the before-mentioned slits or apertures in the sides or
front of the same, whilst at the same time the hot .or impure air inside the
carriage situated at the top close to the roof will be partly-drawn off by the!
motion of the carriage and partly driven off by the entrance of the fresh air into
the before-mentioned valvular opening in the roof lining, and passing along
the tube or passage communicating with the same will escape "into the
external atmosphere through the before-mentioned. narrow opening in 'the'
back of the carriage. The entrance of the fresh air will not be inconveniently
felt by the persons inside the carriage as the currents are directed upwards
towards the roof by the regulating flaps or valves attached to the openings as
before-mentioned. In some cases and particularly when my improved mode.
of ventilation is applied to carriages of which the 'roofs are constructed so
as to open, Ilispense with the tube or passage connected to the opening in.
the roof, as also with the slit in the back of the carriage, and I form the central
opening right through; the roof, which opening I provide externally with a'
narrow rim and fix over the same a suitable formed cover so as to prevent
rain or dust from passing into the carriage at the same time allowing free
egress to the impure air contained in the same.
"'
On accompanying Drawing are shewn various modifications of which my
Invention is susceptible. The same letters of reference indicate the same
parts.in:all the Figures.
Figure 1 shews a part longitudinal section, and Figure 2 shews a part end
elevation of a private.omnibus to which one arrangement of my Invention is.
applied. Both in, these and in the other: Figures' only so much of the
entire vehicle is shewn as is requisite to explain the nature of my Inventioni.
"
A is a long narrow opening formed in the front of the vehicle, close to the roof
of the same, and covered on the outside by an ornamental grating B, whilst on
the inside it is provided with a moveable flap C, binged at bottom, so that
when open the fresh air on passing in' is directed to the roof of the carriage,
and is therefore not inconveniently felt by the persons inside. The manner in
which I prefer to construct the framework for this opening, the external
grating, and the internal flap is shewn in enlarged detached views of the same
at Figures 3 to 7.
"
Figure 3 shews a front view of the framing, Figure 4 shews a back: or
inside view, Figure 5, shews a plan, and Figures 6 and 7. shew transverse
sections. In Figure 3 is shewn the external grating B of any suitable
ornamental scrollwork covering the opening A; Figure 4 shews the adjustable
.

page_text: flap C. This is arranged to be self-closing by having small springs a; a,
attached to it which tend to press it against 'the framing, to which it is
attached by the hinges b, b, b. In order to open 'the flap a small projecting
lever is attached to the upper edge, to which lever a cord d is fastened, and
by pulling down this cord and fixing it in any suitable known manner the
flap B may be kept more or less öpen, as at Figure 7. Between the roof E of
the vehicle, Figure 1, and the lining F'of the same, is fixed a flat tube G of any
suitable material, which passes from the centre of the roof of the vehicle to the
back end of the same, where it is open and communicates with the external
air through a small slit H of corresponding form in the back of the vehicle,
which slit may be covered by a small shield I, or by an ornamental grating
or beading. At the other extremity of the tube G communicates with the
interior of the vehicle through openings in a circular grating J, which openings
are capable of being more or less covered' or uncovered by means of an
adjustable circular valve K of well-known construction, having' openings
corresponding to those of the grating J, and which can be turned round by an
ornamental rosette or button, L, as shewn more in detail in Figures 8, 9, and
10; in which Figure 8 shews a part plan from beneath of the tube G, with
the grating and valve hidden by the ornamental rosette or button L, whilst
Figure 9 shews a part sectional plan from the top of the tubo G, with the.
valvė: K, and Figure 10 shews a transverse section of the tube G through the
grating J, valve K, and button L. From this arrangement it will be 'seen'
that if the flap Cand valve K are open, and the vehicle is 'in motion,' the "air
inside the tube G will, in consequence of the motion, pass out into the external-
atmosphere through the opening H at the back, thereby causing the air
inside the vehicle to be drawn up through the grating J into the tube G;` and
as fresh'air is continually passing into the vehicle through the opening A, 'the
air contained inside the same will also continually pass out through the tube G,'
thus effecting thorough ventilation without inconvénient draughts being felt,
and without necessitating the opening of 'the windows for that purpose. :
Figure 11. shews a part side elevation, and Figure 12 shews a part end
elevation of a carriage, with a slightly modified arrangement of the just
described system of ventilation, the only difference being that here the openings
A, A, for the admission of fresh air are in the sides and over or in the top of
the door of the carriage as shewn, instead of in the front, or else both in the
sides and in the front. They are covered with ornamental. gratings B, B, on'
the outside as shewn, and are provided internally with regulating flaps, not
shewn on tlie Drawing, but which are of precisely the same arrangement as

page_text: those described with reference to Figures 1 to 7. The tube G for drawing:off
the air inside the carriage together with its valvular opening K, shewn in
dotted lines, is of precisely the same construction as that shewn in the first
arrangement, and requires no further, description. The end elevation at
Figure 12 shews: the opening H for, the exit of the air inside the carriage.
Figures 18, 14, and 15 shew another modification of my Invention, parti-
cularly applicable to carriages that are constructed to open, but which may
also be applied to closed carriages. Figure 13 shews a part side elevation,
Figure 14 shews a part front elevation, and Figure 15 shews an enlarged part
section of a carriage constructed to open. Here the opening for the admission
of fresh air is formed in the front of the carriage, as shewn in Figure 14. It is
provided with an ornamental grating B and regulating flap inside in precisely
the same manner as in the before described arrangements. Instead of the
conducting tube for the exit of the internal air, as described with reference to
the previous arrangements, an opening G is formed right through the roof of the
carriage for this purpose, as shewn more clearly in Figure 15. A projecting rim g
is formed externally round this opening, and a cap I is fixed over the same as
shewn, to prevent the rain or dust from passing into the carriage, whilst at the
same time it permits of free egress of the air, as shewn by the arrows. The
grating J, valve K, and rosette or button L are constructed in the same
manner as described with reference to the first arrangement." "I sometimes
also apply the first described arrangement of the conducting tube G for the
exit of the air to carriages constructed to open, in which case I form the
same of, any suitable flexible material that will fold up when the roof of the
carriage is thrown back.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that.I
do not limit myself to the precise details of the side or front openings, orna-
mental gratings, regulating flaps, and valves, and conducting tube, as shewn
- on the accompanying Drawing, as the manner of forming and working the same
may be variously modified without departing from the nature of my said Inven-
tion, but what I claim is, the application of the system of ventilation to carriages
or, vehicles for common roads, wherein fresh air is 'admitted through openings
formed in the front or sides, or both, of the carriage, whilst the internal air is
caused to escape either directly through an opening formed in the roof, or
through an opening into a conducting tube, whence it passes out through an
opening at the back of the carriage, the said openings for the ingress and egress
of the air being either uncovered or more or less bidden by suitable gratings.or

page_text: ornaments and either provided or not with suitable valves for regulating at
pleasure the extent of ventilation, substantially as herein-before described with-
reference to the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Francis Woodall, have. hereunto-
set my hand and seal, this Second day of October, in-the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
C. D. ABEL,
20, Southampton Buildings.
JOHN F. WOODALL. (L.S.)