IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Broughton, of Granville House, Overhill
Road, East Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CONCRETE BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 4th September 1874, and dated the 5th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Broughton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th March 1874.
I, THOMAS BROUGHTON, of Granville House, Overhill Road, East
Dulwich, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS," to be as follows-
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be
employed in the construction of concrete buildings..
The ordinary system of constructing concrete buildings is to erect
uprights on either side of the wall, and at distances apart along its face.

page_text: Panels of iron or flat boarded frames are secured to the uprights by bolts,
pins, or coned screwed studs and nuts passing through corresponding
holes. Concrete is then filled into the trough-like receptacle which the
panels form.
In such arrangements the holes must be brought to correspond, a
very inconvenient necessity, as it obliges the builder to use apparatus
made accurately to gauge and to carry on the work in courses of uniform
depth without regard to the position of projections, window frames, floor
joists, and other obstructions, and usually as an upper panel cannot be
fixed until the lower panel has been removed the work can only go on
at the speed of one course per day.
Now according to my Invention in place of fixing the panels by bolts.
passing through them or through parts attached to them, I fix the
panels by clipping or clasping them by their ends to the uprights. I
make the uprights of tubular form with a slot running from end to
end, and on the side of the upright opposite to the slot I fix a flange
thus . The ends of the panels or boards rest upon this flange on
either side of the upright, and they are held by a screw clip consisting
of a bolt with a T head which can be inserted into the upright, raised or
lowered to any position or height, and then turned one quarter round to
cause it to be retained. On the bolt there is placed a movable jaw
which bears on the ends of the panels or boards, and a wing nut screwed
on to the bolt causes the jaw to grip them firmly, jamming them against
the flange upon the upright. The jaws may have teeth upon them to causo
them to take a firmer hold; these clips or jaws it will be seen admit of the
panels or boards being fixed in any position, either higher or lower, as may
be desired. Panels of wood or iron and boards of various widths, thick-
nesses, and patterns may be used, such as deal from the pile or boards from
the perch without preparation of any kind, and various upper panels or
boards may be fixed without removing a lower. The same clips also
serve to attach to the uprights bracing pieces (either horizontal or
inclined) to temporarily hold the uprights in place. At the inner angles
of a building I use jaw pieces adapted to grip upon an angle iron which
forms the corner in place of upon a panel as in other places.
The wall gauges which I employ to ensure the wall being of the
proper thickness consist of bolts passing through holes formed for them
in the uprights, and having at one end a head and at the other receiving

page_text: a nut. These bolts bind the uprights together and the distance between
the uprights is regulated by a guage of wood of trough like section
which is placed over or under the bolt. I make the uprights in
comparatively short lengths, say for example, six feet, and when the
building has been carried to the top of one length, a second length is
fitted to it with a fishing rod joint, and the lower length is not removed
until the wall has been carried up so far as to render the upper
length independent of the support of the lower.
Intermediate of the distances between the uprights I also apply wall.
gauges similar to those already described, the bolts of which do not pass.
through the panels, but over and under them, and at their ends these wall
gauges pass through auxiliary uprights applied on the exterior of the
panels, and made in short lengths for convenience of handling and
removal, the lengths corresponding it may be to the various depths of
the panels. These auxiliary uprights in the same way as the main
uprights are continued upwards with the work by fitting them together.
end to end as already described. These uprights and guages can be
removed to any position along the panels, thereby escaping any
obstruction caused by window and door frames and other fixtures
required to be built in the concrete walls.
In the ordinary system of wall gauges holes are made in the panels in
set positions, and the guages or bolts of the gauges are frequently formed
to impede fixtures.
To form the flue I use a circular or oval iron core; I support the
scaffold upon brackets which I clamp on to the uprights and auxiliary
uprights by means of bolts with T heads entering the slots in these
uprights in the same way as the bolts of the panel clamps.
30
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Broughton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BROUGHTON, of Granville House, Overhill Road, East Dulwich, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Broughton, Her special license
that I, the said Thomas Broughton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Broughton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE BUILDINGS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Broughton,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Broughton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be
employed in the construction of concrete buildings.
The ordinary system of constructing concrete buildings is to erect
uprights on either side of the wall and at distances apart along its face.
Panels of iron or flat boarded frames are secured to the uprights by bolts,
pins, or coned screwed studs and nuts passing through corresponding
holes. Concrete is then filled into the trough-like receptacle which the
panels form:
In such arrangements the holes must be brought to correspond, a
very inconvenient necessity, as it obliges the builder to use apparatus
made accurately to gauge and to carry on the work in course of uniform
depth without regard to the position of projections, window frames,
floor joists, and other obstructions and usually as an upper panel cannot
'

page_text: be fixed until the lower panel has been removed the work can only go on
at the speed of one course per day.
Now according to my Invention in place of fixing the panels by bolts
passing through them or through parts attached to them I fix the
panels by clipping or clasping them by their ends to the uprights, I
make the uprights of tubular form with a slot running from end to end,
and on the side of the upright opposite to the slot I fix a flange
thus . The ends of the panels or boards rest upon this flange
on either side of the slotted upright, and they are held by a screw clip
consisting of a bolt with a T head which can be inserted into the upright,
raised or lowered to any position or height, and then turned one quarter
round to cause it to be retained. On the bolt there is placed a movable
jaw or clamp which bears on the ends of the panels or boards, and a
wing nut screwed on to the bolt causes the jaw to grip them firmly,
jamming them against the flange upon the upright. The jaws may have
teeth upon them to cause them to take a firmer hold. These clips or
jaws it will be seen admit of the panels or boards being fixed in any
position, cither higher or lower, as may be desired. Pancls of wood or
iron and boards of various widths, thicknesses, and patterns may be used,
such as deals from the pile or boards from the perch without preparation
of any kind, and various upper panels or boards may be fixed without
removing a lower. The same clips also serve to attach to the uprights
bracing pieces (either horizontal or inclined) to temporarily hold the
uprights in place.
The wall gauges which I employ to ensure the wall being of the
proper thickness consist of bolts passing through holes formed for them
in the uprights, and having at one end a head and at the other receiving
a nut. These bolts bind the uprights together and the distance between
the uprights is regulated by a gauge of wood of trough-like section
which is placed over or under the bolt. I make the uprights in
comparitively short lengths, say for example six feet, and when the
building has been carried to the top of one length, a second length is
fitted to it with a fishing rod joint, and the lower length is not removed
until the wall has been carried up so far as to render the upper length
independent of the support of the lower.
Intermediate of the distances between the uprights I also apply wall

page_text: the bolt between the boards or panels, and the nut is screwed up binding
the whole tightly together. Washers may be used between the nuts and
the uprights, and also under the bolt heads.
In addition to wall gauges at the uprights I apply them also at
intermediate points; e, e, are intermediate uprights or wall braces; one
of them is partially shown by the Figure 6; they consist of two side bars
rivetted together with distance pieces to separate them sufficiently to
admit the bolts & between them; but they are fixed close enough
together to support the bolt heads and the nuts. These wall gauges and
bracing pieces may be applied wherever it may be found convenient, a
centre bit hole being bored in the board or panel at the point where the
bolt is required to pass through.
Figure 7 is an elevation; and Figure 8 is a section drawn to a large
scale shewing this arrangement.
Figure 9 is a transverse section of the wall gauge shewn full size;
Figure 10 is an elevation, full size, shewing how when the work has
arrived near the top of an upright, another length is mounted above it;
a wooden plug driven into the hollow ends of the two uprights holds the
upper length in its place, it being also supported by the wall ties, and
by braces passing to the uprights on cither side.
Figure 11 is an elevation; and Figure 12 is a section, both full size,
shewing the arrangement at an internal angle. An upright bis erected
near the angle and a wooden standard e is fixed along side of it; it is
held by the ordinary clips, and also by means of lugs e¹ through which
the wall gauge bolts are passed. The standard e has also a lip e² of
sheet iron to retain the ends of the panels or boards forming the other
side of the angle which are drawn tightly up against the lip by means
of the wall gauges; outer angles I form by means of angle panels f.
Figure 13 is a plan, full size, showing the arrangement for obtuse
angles both internal and external.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim
as my improvements in apparatus to be employed in the construction of
concrete buildings,—
1st. The means for fixing the panels by clipping or clasping them by
their ends to the uprights, substantially as described.

page_text: 2nd. The construction of the uprights with longitudinal slots or
recesses to receive and retain the head of the clipping bolts, and with
flanges to support the boards or panels, substantially as described.
3rd. The arrangement of apparatus to be employed in the construction
of concrete buildings, substantially as described and shewn in the
annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Broughton; have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.