Improvements in Bricks for Building Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bricks for Building Purposes.
I, JOHN TAYLOR of 9 Holdenhurst Road Bournemouth Plumber do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of bricks for building purposes,
by means of which much greater strength will be obtained and less mortar or
cement required, or by which mortar and cement will be rendered unnecessary.
In carrying out my invention, instead of forming the bricks of rectangular shape as
is commonly the case, I construct them with projecting parts at the ends, top and
bottom and corresponding recesses, so that the projections of one brick will take
into the recesses of the next at the top, bottom and ends, causing each brick to be
firmly bound to the next, even if no cement is employed. A convenient shape for
ordinary bricks is to form them as if consisting of three rectangular pieces, laid
side by side, the central one projecting above the two side pieces for about half its
height, and for about a third of its length forward. A central recess will thus be
formed at the end and bottom, into which the top piece of the brick immediately
beneath, and the end of the next brick on the same level will project, the pro-
jecting parts taking into corresponding recesses of the bricks above and forward.
The end bricks of the wall must be of modified form, and differently situated
recesses must be provided into which the bricks on each side can project. The
upper layer of bricks may be furnished only with recesses on the lower side, to
engage with the second layer. The ordinary brick above described may be made
double if desired, that is; with two projecting rectangular parts and corresponding
recesses. With such bricks there are no continuous passages formed through the
wall, a ledge being formed at the centre of each brick, so that should no cement be
used, damp would not be liable to penetrate through the passages, as it would have
to rise over the ledge. Cement should however be used at least at the points where
the central parts join, to make the ledge continuous. To build a wall of a certain
strength, a much less quantity of these bricks will be required than is necessary
with ordinary bricks, as the strain is taken off the mortar and distributed through
the bricks themselves.
Dated this 2nd day of November 1892.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Bricks for Building Purposes.
I, JOHN TAYLOR of 9 Holdenhurst Road Bournemouth Plumber do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved construction of bricks for building purposes,
by means of which much greater strength will be obtained and less mortar or cement
required, or by which mortar and cement will be rendered unnecessary.
In carrying out my invention, instead of forming the bricks of rectangular shape
as is commonly the case, I construct them with projecting parts at the ends, top
and bottom, and corresponding recesses, so that the projections of one brick will

page_text: take into the recesses of the next at the top, bottom and ends, causing each brick
to be firmly bound to the next, even if no cement is employed. A convenient
shape for ordinary bricks is to form them as if consisting of three rectangular
pieces, laid side by side, the central one projecting above the two side pieces for
about half its height and for about a third of its length forward. A central recess
will thus be formed at the end and bottom, into which the top piece of the brick
immediately beneath, and the end of the next brick on the same level will project,
the projecting parts taking into corresponding recesses of the bricks above and
forward. The end bricks of the wall must be of modified form, and differently
situated recesses must be provided into which the bricks on each side can project.
The upper layer of bricks may be furnished only with recesses on the lower side to
engage with the second layer. The ordinary brick above described may be made
double if desired, that is with two projecting rectangular parts and corre-
sponding recesses. Such bricks are suitable for use in alternate layers with the
ordinary bricks above described, being placed crosswise. With such bricks there
are no continuous passages formed through the wall, a ledge being formed
at the centre of each brick, so that should no cement be used, damp
would not be liable to penetrate through the passages, as it would have
to rise over the ledge. Cement should however be used at least at the points
where the central parts join, to make the ledge continuous. To build a wall
of a certain strength, a much less quantity of these bricks will be required than is
necessary with ordinary bricks, as the strain is taken off the mortar and distributed
through the bricks themselves.
The bricks of one course are placed so as to break joint with the next as in
ordinary building bricks. The end bricks are arranged to suit this, dispensing
with the use of closers. The arrangements described may also be employed for
such structures as breakwaters, piers, &c., where great strength is required, the
blocks being shaped as above described.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference is
had to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings, in which Figs. 1, 2
and 3 are respectively a plan, a side elevation, and an end elevation of
the form of brick I propose to use for the main part of the wall, Figs. 4
and 5 plans of bricks especially adapted for use at corners, Fig. 6 a plan
of a brick which may be used in conjunction with that shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, in
a course of "headers," and Figs. 7 and 8 plans of bricks for special purposes, but
of similar construction to that shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the brick may be described as consisting of three
portions, two side ones A with a central part B which projects at one end and at
the top, each part being of approximately equal size. A central groove or recess A¹
is: thus formed at the bottom and end, into which the parts B of adjoining bricks
project. These central parts are made a little smaller than the grooves in order
that they may be readily inserted and room left for cement if the latter is desired.
The bricks shown in Figs. 4 and 5 are of very similar construction, but the
groove does not extend from end to end, one being plain to form the end of the
wall. In Fig. 4 the projecting part B is straight,t he groove A¹ bending at right
angles and extending through the side, so that the projecting end of B on an
ordinary brick may enter into it, the end being shortened a little in this case.
brick shown in Fig. 5 has the part B bent at right angles, projecting a short
distance from the side, the groove A' being formed to correspond. These two
bricks are placed in alternate courses, one at right angles to the other so that the
joint is broken.
The
Fig. 6 shows a brick, having two parts B and grooves A¹ extending crosswise,
the brick being used as a header in alternate courses with the ordinary brick where
walls of one or more bricks in thickness are used, connecting the pair of bricks
above and below together. Fig. 7 shows a form of brick which may be used for
bay windows and such like purposes, having one end bent at a suitable angle.

page_text: The brick shown in Fig. 8 is similar to that illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, but
with one side moulded in an ornamental manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) A brick for building purposes having parts A and central piece or pieces B
projecting above and to one end or side of the parts A, forming a groove A' in
the base and extending through one end or side, into which the parts B on adjacent
bricks enter in building, substantially as described and for the purposes specified.
(2) A brick for building purposes having side parts A, central part B projecting
above and to one end of A, and groove A in the base and end, substantially as
described and shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings.
(3) A brick for building purposes having parts A at the sides and centre, two
projecting pieces B equidistant from the centre, and two grooves A' in the base and
end, substantially as described and shown in Fig. 6 and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 27th day of January 1893.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.