IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC MONEYS, COINS, AND MEDALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Murdoch Napier, of York Road, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC MONEYS,
COINS, AND MEDALS."
Scaled the 31st August 1869, and dated the 11th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Murdoch Napier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th March 1869.
I, JAMES MURDOCH NAPIER, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for 'I
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC
MONEYS, COINS, AND MEDALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or appa-
ratus used in the manufacture of metallic moneys, coins, and medals,
and consists of machinery or apparatus for cutting into pieces the ingots
of metal to be manufactured into coin, so as to facilitate the charging

page_text: of the crucibles and afford a means of detecting the presence of foreign
substances in the ingots. For this purpose I employ a suitably formed
knife actuated by hydraulic pressure (lever pressure may be used if pre-
ferred). This knife operates towards an anvil against which the ingot
is supported. I employ means for regulating the edge of the anvil in
its position with respect to the edge of the cutting knife so that the
piece to be cut off the ingot is supported by the anvil or block partially
only, and in such manner that as the knife is forced into the metal the
front part of the ingot which overhangs the front edge of the anvil will
bend over while the hinder part of the ingot is supported against the
anvil. I also provide so that during the operation of cutting while the
knife is passing through the thickness of the ingot it is free to move
outwards in the direction of the piece which is being cut off. This
action of the knife I secure by placing it in a rocking holder or other-
wise, so that it can give way and work outwards towards the edge of
the anvil or cutting block according to the excess of pressure which
may be exerted upon the other side of the knife during the cutting. I
use an accumulator for giving water pressure to the ram of my improved
ingot cutting press, and in conjunction with it a vacuum chamber
exhausted by a suitable exhaust pump for giving the return stroke, the
valves for putting the water pressure into action are actuated by hand
while the return of the ram is caused by self-acting means by which the
valve for letting the water into the cylinder is reversed and the valve
communicating with the exhausted chamber is opened. When the
ingots are heated before being cut up I provide a bath into which the
cutting knife descends after each cut to be cooled. In travelling cranes
which are used to lift the crucible from the furnace and carry it to the
pouring apparatus, the lifting and lowering movements of the crane
being worked by a longitudinal shaft. I support such longitudinal shaft
to prevent its deflection when its length renders such support desirable
by a self-acting moveable bearing, which as the crane travels along upon
the rails is caused to retire and leave room for the crane carriage to pass
and to return to its position under the shaft to support it as soon as the
crane carriage has passed. This moveable bearing is mounted upon a
slide which is forced back by a tappet or inclined plane attached to the
crane carriage, and a weight or spring is used to force forward the slide
and bring the bearing again under the shaft when the carriage has
passed. The bearing is formed at the end of a lever which is attached

page_text: loosely to the slide, so that the bearing can rise and fall and the lever
can also move endwise on the slide to a limited extent. The slide works
upon suitable bearing parts prepared for it upon a fixed support. This
support is provided with a stop or stops which prevent the lever being
carried forward with the slide the whole distance of its throw, but
which retains it when the bearing has reached its position under the
shaft. When the lever is held back by the stops on the fixed support,
and the slide still moves forward, the slide acts upon the lever to raise
it and bring the bearing up into contact with the shaft, the slide then
acting to support the lever in its position. When the bearing is displaced
by the passing of the crane carriage, the first portion of the movement
of the slide as it retires removes the support from the bearing which
falls, and as the slide retires further the lever and bearing are withdrawn
with it. The end play in the connection between the lever and the
slide permits the slide to move back the required distance to allow the
bearing end of the lever to fall before it is drawn back with the slide.
To reduce the risk in the raising and lowering and transporting of the
crucibles, I apply to such cranes a worm wheel and screw movement to
turn the chain barrel so that it cannot run down although the winch
handle should be neglected.
In order to facilitate the placing of the crucibles in the pouring
apparatus I construct the cradle of my pouring apparatus with an
opening or with parts to open at the side or back of the cradle in such
manner as to admit of the crucible being placed in the cradle without
raising it over the top and letting it down into the cradle in the
ordinary manner. The parts of the cradle which are opened to admit
the crucible can be closed and fastened when the crucible is placed in
the cradle. In the case of the use of plumbago crucibles the opening
of the cradle gives room for the tongs which embrace the crucible, so
that they can be opened and drawn away, leaving the crucibles in the
cradle.
I use a mould carriage of the ordinary construction arranged to
contain a suitable number of moulds with fastenings and pressure screws
to keep the moulds together while the metal is poured into them, but
as these means often prove inadequate to prevent the metal escaping
through the joints between the moulds, owing to imperfect contact, I
groove the part of the moulds where they come together with one or
more small
grooves, so that when the metal escapes between the moulds

page_text: the grooves serves to receive it and check its flow outwards. I also
employ steel in the construction of my improved moulds in preference
to cast iron of which such moulds are usually made.
In order readily to remove the film or fin edges left on the cast bars by
the junction of the moulds I employ a filming or edge paring machine
consisting of cutters suitably mounted so as to operate upon the edges
of the bar. The bar is fed between a pair of rollers, which drag it
forward and force it through a guide plate to which the cutters are fixed.
As the bar passes onward the front end of it is laid hold of by another
pair of rollers, which assist the first pair and drag the tail end of the
bar through the guide plate. The bar is then delivered on to a plate
or table, the cutters having acted upon its whole length. When the
bars have been edged they are ready to be rolled into fillets or bands.
In the operation of rolling the mills employed, more especially those
used for finishing, should be of the most perfect description,, as extreme
accuracy is necessary to produce good work. Up to this time the
irregularities in the working of such mills caused by the mode of driving
them has been such as to prevent the attainment of that perfect even-
ness in the fillet which is so desirable. In order, therefore, to give the
rolls of such mills a smooth and equabable action I use a worm wheel
and worm movement, which I apply either to one or both of the rolls.
The worm wheels may be placed on the roller ends or on shafts con-
nected with the rollers. One or more worms may be used to drive the
worm wheels. The power may be communicated to the worm spindles
of my improved rolling mills by strap and pulley, or in any convenient
manner.
My improvements also refer to the draw benches which are used to
equalize more perfectly the fillets after they have left the rolling mill;
such draw benches are usually constructed with an endless drag chain,
consisting of a number of links, which chain is actuated by a revolving
cylinder provided with projections to take into the links. In place of
this chain I use a long screw, which is connected with and in its rotations
moves a slide or carriage upon which the dogs for gripping the fillet are
placed. The screw has a reversing motion for bringing back the slide
to the draw plate head, and may be actuated by pulleys and straps in
the manner of screw planing machines. The tappet for reversing the
action may be adjustable to suit the length of the fillets. The screw
may be reversed at each end of the travel of the dog carriage by a self-

page_text: acting movement, or it may be thrown out of motion each time the
carriage arrives at the draw plate head for a new fillet, in which case it
will be thrown into motion by the operator when he has placed the
fillet.
In order to set accurately the draw plate clylinders of my improved
draw benches I employ wedge abutments with screws to actuate and
adjust them. By these means the upper slide of the head holding the
upper cylinder may be brought down firmly and truly against the lower
slide holding the lower cylinder. When the fillets are reduced to the
desired thickness and of even thickness throughout they are ready to
pass to the blank cutting machines, to which my improvements also
refer. In machines of this description when they are to be used for
punching the more precious metals it is desirable to have one cutting
punch only acting at a time, as in that case greater accuracy can be
secured than when several punches operate together. At present,
however, when one punch is used it is necessary to shift the fillett
laterally as well as longitudinally to punch the fillett when it is wider
than sufficient for the diameter of one blank. In order so to punch the
fillets mechanically I arrange my improved blank cutting machine with
a moveable head mounted in a suitable slide. This head carries the
punch and cutter die, and is actuated so that it moves in and out, the
fillet being moved forward longitudinally at the proper times by rollers
which grip it. The fillet, therefore, does not move laterally, but this
movement is obtained by the movement of the sliding head. The extent
of the movement of the sliding head may be varied and adjusted as
also that of the fillet, so as to regulate and cause the punch to cut out
the blanks with suitable intervals in the fillets. It will be understood
that at the time of cutting out both the sliding head and the fillet will
have come to rest.
C SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Murdoch Napier in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
MURDOCH NAPIER, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Murdoch Napier, Her special
licence that I, the said James Murdoch Napier, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Murdoch Napier,
my...executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with,, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC MONEYS
COINS. AND MEDALS,"
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I,
the said James Murdoch Napier, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to. be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
**NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Murdoch Napier, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:--
JAI
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or
apparatus used in the manufacture of metallic moneys, coins, and medals,
and consists of machinery or apparatus for cutting into pieces the ingots
of metal to be manufactured into coin, so as to facilitate the charging
of the crucibles and afford a means of detecting the presence of foreign
substances in the ingots. For this purpose I employ a suitably formed
knife actuated by hydraulic pressure (lever pressure may be used if
preferred). This knife operates towards an anvil against which the ingot
is supported. I employ means for regulating the edge of the anvil in
its position with respect to the edge of the cutting knife so that the
piece to be cut off the ingot is supported by the anvil or block partially
only, and in such manner that as the knife is forced into the metal the
front part of the ingot which overhangs the front edge of the anvil will

page_text: bend over while the hinder part of the ingot is supported against the
anvil, I also provide so that during the operation of cutting while the
knife is passing through the thickness of the ingot it is. free to move
outwards in the direction of the piece which is being cut off. This
action of the knife I secure by placing it in a rocking holder or otherwise,
so that it can give way and work outwards towards the edge of the
anvil or cutting block according to the excess of pressure which may
be exerted upon the other side of the knife during the cutting. I use an
accumulator for giving water pressure to the ram of my improved ingot
cutting press, and in conjunction with it a vacuum chamber exhausted
by a suitable exhaust pump for giving the return stroke. The valves for
putting the water pressure into action are actuated by hand, while the
return of the ram is caused by self-acting means, by which the valve for
letting the water into the cylinder is reversed and the valve com-
municating with the exhausted chamber is opened. When the ingots are
heated before being cut up I provide a bath into which the cutting
knife descends after each cut to be cooled. In travelling cranes which
are used to lift the crucible from the furnace and carry it to the pouring
apparatus, the lifting and lowering movements of the crane being worked
by a longitudinal shaft, I support such longitudinal shaft to prevent
its deflection when its length renders such support desirable by a
self-acting moveable bearing which as the crane travels along upon the
rails is caused to retire and leave room for the crane carriage to pass and
to return to its position under the shaft to support it as soon as the
crane carriage has passed. This moveable bearing is mounted upon a
slide which is forced back by a tappet or inclined plane attached to the
crane carriage and a weight or spring is used to force forward the slide
and bring the bearing again under the shaft when the carriage has
passed. The bearing is formed at the end of a lever which is attached
loosely to the slide so that the bearing can rise and fall and the lever
can also move endwise on the slide to a limited extent. The slide works
upon suitable bearing parts prepared for it upon a fixed support.
This support is provided with a stop or stops which prevent the lever
being carried forward with the slide the whole distance of its throw, but
which retains it when the bearing has reached its position under the
shaft. When the lever is held back by the stops on the fixed
support and the slidė still moves forward the slide acts upon the
lever to raise it and bring the bearing up into contact with the
shaft, the slide then acting to support the lever in its position. When

page_text: the bearing is displaced by the passing of the crane carriage the first
portion of the movement of the slide as it retires removes the support
from the bearing which falls, and as the slide retires further the lever
and bearing are withdrawn with it. The end play in the connection
between the lever and the slide permits the slide to move back the
required distance to allow the bearing end of the lever to fall before it
is drawn back with the slide. To reduce the risk in the raising and
lowering and transporting of the crucibles I apply to such cranes a worm
wheel and screw movement to turn the chain barrel so that it cannot
run down although the winch handle should be neglected.
In order to facilitate the placing of the crucibles in the pouring
apparatus I construct the cradle of my pouring apparatus with an
opening or with parts to open at the side or back of the cradle in such
manner as to admit of the crucible being placed in the cradle without
raising it over the top and letting it down into the cradle in the ordinary
manner. The parts of the cradle which are opened to admit the crucible
can be closed and fastened when the crucible is placed in the cradle.
In the case of the use of plumbago crucibles the opening of the cradle
gives room for the tongs which embrace the crucible so that they can
be opened and drawn away leaving the crucible in the cradle. I use
a mould carriage of the ordinary construction arranged to contain a
suitable number of moulds with fastenings and pressure screws to keep
the moulds together while the metal is poured into them, but as these
means often prove inadequate to prevent the metal escaping through the
joints between the moulds, owing to imperfect contact, I
groove the part
of the moulds where they come together with one or more small grooves,
so that when the metal escapes between the moulds the grooves serve to
receive it and check its flow outwards. I also employ steel in the
construction of my improved moulds in preference to cast iron of which
such moulds are usually made. In order readily to remove the film or
fin edges left on the cast bars by the junction of the moulds I employ
a filming or edge paring machine consisting of cutters suitably mounted
so as to operate upon the edges of the bar. The bar is fed between a pair
of rollers which drag it forward and force it through a guide plate to which
the cutters are fixed. As the bar passes onward the front end of it is laid
hold of by another pair of rollers which assist the first pair and drag the
tail end of the bar through the guide plate, the bar is then delivered on
to a plate or table, the cutters having acted upon its whole length.

page_text: When the bars have been edged they are ready to be rolled into fillets or
bands. In the operation of rolling the mills employed (more especially
those used for finishing) should be of the most perfect description as
extreme accuracy is necessary to produce good work. Up to this time
the irregularities in the working of such mills caused by the modes of
driving them has been such as to prevent the attainment of that perfect
evenness in the fillet which is so desirable. In order therefore to give
the rolls of such mills a smooth and equable action I use a worm wheel
and worm movement which I apply either to one or both of the rolls.
The worm wheels may be placed on the roller ends or on shafts connected
with the rollers. One or more worms may be used to drive the worm
wheels. The power may be communicated to the worm spindles of
my improved rolling mills by strap and pulley or in any convenient
manner.
"
My improvements also refer to the draw benches which are used to
equalize more perfectly the fillets after they have left the rolling mill,
such draw benches are usually constructed with an endless drag chain
consisting of a number of links, which chain is actuated by a revolving
cylinder provided with projections to take into the links. In place of
this chain I use a long screw which is connected with and in its rotations
moves a slide or carriage upon which the dogs for gripping the fillet are
placed. The screw has a reversing motion for bringing back the slide
to the draw plate head and may be actuated by pulleys and straps in
the manner of screw planing machines. The tappet for reversing the
action may be adjustable to suit the length of the fillets. The screw
may be reversed at each end of the travel of the dog carriage by a self-
acting movement, or it may be thrown out of motion each time the
carriage arrives at the draw plate head for a new fillet, in which case it
will be thrown into motion by the operator when he has placed the
fillet. In order to set accurately the draw plate cylinders of my
improved draw benches I employ wedge abutments with screws to
actuate and adjust them, by these means the upper slide of the head
holding the upper cylinder may to be brought down firmly and truly
against the lower slide holding the lower cylinder. When the fillets are
reduced to the desired thickness and of even thickness throughout
they are ready to pass to the blank cutting machines to which my
improvements also refer. In machines of this description when they are
to be used for punching the more precious metals it is desirable to have

page_text: one cutting punch only acting at a time as in that case greater accuracy
can be secured than when several punches operate together. At present
however when one punch is used it is necessary to shift the fillet laterally
as well as longitudinally to punch the fillet when it is wider than
sufficient for the diameter of one blank. In order so to punch the
fillets mechanically I arrange my improved blank cutting machine with
a moveable head mounted in a suitable slide. This head carries the
punch and cutter die and is actuated so that it moves in and out, the
fillet being moved forward longitudinally at the proper times by rollers
which grip it. The fillet therefore does not move laterally, but this
movement is obtained by the movement of the sliding head. The extent
of the movement of the sliding head may be varied and adjusted as also
that of the fillet so as to regulate and cause the punch to cut out the
blanks with suitable intervals in the fillets. It will be understood that
at the time of cutting out both the sliding head and the fillet will have
come to rest.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings here-
unto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 are views illustrative of my improved apparatus
for cutting up ingots.
A is the cutting knife, which operates towards the anvil B. The
knife rises towards the anvil B, which is held in the press head C by
screws a, so that its edge b may be regulated with respect to the
edge of the knife. In Figure 3 the knife is shewn in its raised position,
but not precisely that which it would occupy after having made a cut,
which position is shewn in blue lines. The knife is held in the rocking
head D which is attached to the ram E at c where it is free to vibrate so
as to allow the knife to move outwards in the direction of the piece
which is being cut off while the knife is passing through the thickness
of the ingot. The rocking holder D acting in side guides d resumes its
vertical position as it retires, so that when the cut is again commenced!
the knife is vertical. Ram E works in the hydraulic cylinder F which
is placed upon base G. The bars H, H, which are fastened to
base G, pass through cross head C and connect it with the base, the
frames I and the cylinder F being bound between them; J is a bath to

page_text: hold water, into which the knife descends and is cooled when cutting
heated ingots; K, K, are covering plates for the bath, upon which plates
the ingot is placed when it is to be acted upon.
The knife passes up
through a hole between the covering plates. The water pressure to
actuate the ram enters the governing valve L at e, and when the valve
piston is in the position shewn in Figure 1 (in which Figure the valve
chamber is shewn in section) the water will flow from the valve chamber
through pipe M into cylinder F. To remove the water from cylinder F
and cause the ram to descend the valve piston f is drawn out by the
action of the lever N until the aperture at g in the valve piston f comes
opposite the opening conducting to pipe M. The weight of the ram
will then expel the water from the cylinder F when it will pass into the
pipe O. I place pipe O in communication with an exhausted chamber
so that the pressure of the atmosphere will assist to cause the ram E to
retire rapidly, so as to withdraw the knife from contact with the heated
ingot as soon as the cut is complete. Lever N is held in the position
shewn in the Figures by catch h which retains the lever by its hold on a
pin fast in the lever. When the knife A has nearly arrived at its full
height a tappet P upon an arm projecting from the holder D acts upon
the catch through the levers Q, Q, (which are fast upon rod i) and
connecting rod j. By this means the catch is disengaged and the
weight R operates to withdraw the valve piston f to cause the descent of
the ram, as already described. Lever N works freely upon the rod i.
When a cut is to be made the operator actuates the lever by pressure on
the handle end and forces the valve piston into the position shewn in the
Figures.
My improvements in mint foundry cranes are represented in Figures
5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.
I have thought it desirable only to show such portions of a travelling
crane as are sufficient clearly to illustrate my Invention.
A represents one of two girder rails of a travelling crane; B, wheels
running upon it and carrying the frame of the crane C. D³ is a
longitudinal shaft through which the power is applied in any convenient
manner (such as for instance a winch handle) for lifting and lowering.
Upon this shaft pinion E slides and is feathered so that it turns with
the shaft. At the same time that it turns it is supported in bearing
F which is fixed to the travelling frame of the crane C. Pinion E³
gears with wheel G* upon worm spindle H2; this spindle should be

page_text: supported at its ends in bearings fixed to the frame C.
The worm
on spindle H gears with worm wheel I which is fast upon spindle J*,
which also should be provided with bearings upon the frame C².
Upon spindle J the chain barrel K is fastened.
Thus the power
applied to shaft D acting through pinion E, wheel G, spindle H³,
and the worm upon it, worm wheel I, and spindle J is communicated
to the chain barrel K, to lower or raise the weight which may be
attached to the chain depending from it.
In order to support the longitudinal shaft D and prevent its deflec-
tion the apparatus which I shall now describe is provided. L² is a
bracket bolted to the girder rail A2 and so formed as to allow the
crane carriage to pass clear when it runs along the rails. The upper
part of bracket L is placed to receive the slide M, which fits in it so
as to be moved freely. Slide M² is furnished with rising cheeks a²,
between which the lever bearing N is placed. Through this lever at b²
is a pin fast in the lever and projecting on either side into slots in the
cheeks a in which it slides freely. The upper part of the cheeks a³
supply a means of fixing the arm c, upon which is a roller d². The
incline O, which is fixed to the crane carriage frame C acts upon the
roller d, and causes the slide M to advance and retire at the proper
times. Figure 5 shews the bearing end of the lever N supporting the
shaft D, which it does while resting upon the slide M2 at e. When
the action of incline O takes place upon the roller d the slide M² is
forced back, and the bearing lever N in the first place assumes the
position shewn in Figure 7, and afterwards upon the throw of the
incline O, being completed it assumes the position shown in Figure 8.
The slide M is returned to the position shown in Figure 5 by the action
of the weight P2 first returning to the position shown in Figure 7, which
is the end of the travel of the lever N, as at this point of its travel the
collars placed on each end of the pin b (or the pin 6° itself, if so
arranged) come against projecting ears g upon the upper part of the
bracket L. The ears g prevent the further advance of the bearing
lever N. The further motion of the slide M² serves to raise the bearing
end of the lever by acting upon it at e until it again assumes the position
shown in Figure 5.
Figures 10 and 11 represent the cradle of my improved pouring
apparatus. The parts A³ are made to open, acting upon the centres
at a³. In the Figures they are shown closed, and the screw and link b

page_text: serve to bind them together and keep the crucible secure in its place.
The crucible is represented by dotted lines in Figure 10, and rests upon
the cradle at B. The cradle and crucible turn for pouring upon the
centre at c. The cradle should be firmly fixed to the shaft of the
pouring apparatus which passes into the hole in its boss at c³.
Figures 12, 13, and 14 represent my improved moulds. The grooves
which serve to receive and check the flow of the metal outwards are
shown at a. Figure 14 shews several moulds ranged together, 6* repre-
senting the hollows into which the metal is run to form the ingots or
bars.
the edges
bar; F³, a
Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 will enable me to describe my
improved filming or edge paring machine. Figure 15 is a general view
of the machine in perspective, in which the means of giving motion to
the various parts will be at once understood. In the machine shown I
have arranged two pairs of rollers, between which the bars to be operated
on are fed, the feeding end of the machine being at A; after passing
through the rollers the bars are delivered on to the table at B³. The
screws a serve to set down the upper rollers, springs being also provided
to ensure an elastic pressure. Between the two pairs of rollers the cutters
are placed. The cutters and the guides for the bars are shown on a
larger scale in the other Figures. C represents the bar;
operated upon; D, the cutting tools; E, guides for the
movable plate to which the tools and guides are fixed; this plate has
two set screws c screwed into its upper part. The points of these
screws take their bearing upon the cross support G, which is fixed to
the table of the machine by bolts at H5. A V formed plate d³ is fixed
by screws to the upper part of F³, and serves as a guide when putting
F into its place, the two pins assisting. These pins are fixed to the
cross support G. By this arrangement the plate F with the tools and
guides may be removed and replaced with ease. I would remark that
the apparatus employed to give motion to the bars may be varied without
departing from my Invention so long as the arrangement is such that
the bars are filmed or pared at the edges by being forced between
cutters mounted as described.
Figures 21, 22, 23, and 24 illustrate arrangements of worm wheels
and worms available in my improved rolling mills. Figures 21 and 22
show an arrangement in which A are the rollers. They are shown con-
nected with shafts having worm wheels B upon them. These wheels

page_text: are caused to move in the desired directions by right and left-handed
worms working into the worm wheels. The worms are placed on a
vertical spindle. The power is applied by band to the pulley D on the
spindle.
Figure 23 shows another arrangement; in this case each worm wheel
is geared into a worm upon a separate spindle, the worm spindles lying
horizontally, and receiving motion from separate bands. In this Figure
the rolls are not shown, and the shafts on which the worm wheels are
fixed are shown broken but are supposed to be connected with rolls.
Figure 24 shows an arrangement in which the rolls A are driven
from opposite ends, the pulleys driving each being of the same diameter.
Two driving shafts E are shown united by band F.
Figures 25 and 26 illustrate my improvements in draw benches to
which I have referred.
A represents the supporting framework of the
draw bench. B a slide fitted to the upper portion of the frame, along
which it is moved by the screw C. The screw C works in a nut a
which is fastened to the slide B and has its bearings at . The two
pulleys are fixed to the screw shaft, while the three pulleys E are
loose on the screw shaft. Two bands are shown, one is intended to
be open, the other crossed, so as to enable the direction of the move-
ment to be changed by changing the position of the bands. The forks G
are provided for this purpose, and are actuated by a system of levers
which will be at once understood by reference to the Drawing. The
slide B carries the gripping dogs c, which are closed by the action of
the pin &, which is fixed in projections e on the slide B. The slide B
supports the block which carries the fulcrum pin of the gripping
dogs. This block is at liberty to slide upon the slide B', and is kept
forward by the two spiral springs g, one on either side, which tend to
close the dogs. When the slide B' arrives at its extreme position against
the draw plate head H the stop on the block f presses against the
head H, and opens the dogs which are then ready to receive the end of
the fillet to be operated upon. The fillet is shown in the Figure at ',
and the draw plate cylinders at j. The driving bands are shown in the
Figure so placed upon the pullies as to actuate the screw C' to draw the
slide B' forward, in effecting which operation the first action is the
closing of the dog's c by the springs g', which are of sufficient strength
to overcome the spring k', which latter acts to open the dogs. When
the dogs are closed upon the fillet the action of the pin
upon the

page_text: inclined lever ends of the dogs secures a firm grip of the fillet until it
has passed through the draw plate cylinders. The self-acting return of
the slide B is caused by the projecting arm F, which is fixed to the
slide, and which is arranged to act against the stop m' upon the sliding
rod 17; this causes the position of the driving bands to be changed and
the movement to be reversed. When the slide B arrives at the extent
of its return travel or towards the draw plate head the arm acts upon
the stop n', which it forces against the end of the starting lever J' at o'.
In this position the driving bands are upon two of the loose pulleys E',
and the screw. C is at rest. When the machine is to be started the
handle end of starting lever J' is raised so that the end at o' is depressed,
and the spring p' which has been under compression is released, and
acts to change the position of the driving bands for the forward
movement.
When it is desired to reverse the movement at each end of the travel
of the dog carriage self-acting the starting lever J' may be secured in a
raised position at the handle end. Figures 27, 28, and 29 show my
improved manner of setting and adjusting draw plate cylinders; a³ are
wedge abutments against which the blocks As carrying the draw plate
cylinders are brought together by their screws B8; the screws serve
to adjust the abutment wedges as; C represents part of the framework
of the draw bench in which the draw plate head A is held.
Figures 30 and 31 illustrate my improved blank cutting machine.
The head A is moveable, and is mounted on slide B. Head A carries
the punch a" and cutter die 6, and is moved in and out by the crank c
acting through connecting rod d, which is attached to blocks acting in
slots in the head A" with sufficient play to allow for the desired rest at
each return stroke while the punch is acting. The fillet or band of
metal is placed upon the fixed plate e', and may be moved longitudinally
by gripping rollers or by hand if preferred. The screws fo serve as stops
to assist in regulating with precision the movements of the head A.
The cutting action is obtained in the the usual way. D' is the main shaft;
an eccentric is placed on it to give action to the punch, and it has one
bearing in the sliding head A', and moves with it. The other end is sup-
ported by the frame E*, which is made fast to the base slide B. The boss
of the fly wheel F is made long, and is bored to fit the shaft D', which
is feathered to slide in the boss of the wheel, and so as to be turned
round by it, the power to work the press being applied by band upon

page_text: the driving pulley, which is fast to the arms of the fly wheel. The outer
diameter of the fly wheel boss works in a bearing in frame E' at G", and
a pinion g is made fast to the end of the fly wheel boss; this pinion
actuates crank through wheel ", and spindle crank c" can be
adjusted in its throw by the screws j³.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Murdoch Napier, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine
JAMES M. NAPIER. (L.S.)