IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING METALS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Joy, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Sealed the 18th July 1862, and dated the 3rd February 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Joy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February.
1862.
I, DAVID JOY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING METALS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in actuating hammers (hitherto driven directly
by tappets, cranks, cams, and eccentrics,) by the intervention of a spring or
elastic medium between such tappet, crank, cam, or eccentric, thus giving to
the blow the character of elasticity; and to moderate the force of the blow,
I take up such elasticity by allowing the hammer block to work in a cylinder,
or itself to be a cylinder, in which a piston is suspended, and I admit air
freely to such cylinder, or check it therein, thereby checking the blow due to
the momentum of the hammer block driven as above described.
Secondly, my Invention has reference to steam hammers, and is supple-
mental to my Patent, dated November 1, 1860, No. 2668, and consists in

page_text: leaving out the valve for the admission and exhaustion of steam, and in making
the piston itself serve as a valve by allowing it to pass over and uncover a
port or ports in the cylinder at proper intervals for the admission and
exhaustion of steam, or I reverse the action, and make the piston stationary,
and allow the cylinder to move over it.
This Invention is also applicable to other purposes requiring a rapid and
elastic blow.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Joy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
Joy, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said David Joy, Her special licence that I, the said David Joy, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said David
Joy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FORGING METALS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Joy, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed;
and cause the same to be filed in. the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Joy, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-

page_text: This Invention consists, first, in actuating hammers (hitherto driven directly
by tappets, cranks, cams, or eccentrics,) by the intervention of a spring or
elastic medium between such tappet, crank, cam, or eccentric, thus giving to
the blow the character of elasticity; and to moderate the force of the blow,. I
take up such elasticity by allowing the hammer bar or block to work in a
cylinder, or itself to be a cylinder, in which a piston is suspended, and I
admit air freely to such cylinder, or check it therein, thereby checking the
blow due to the momentum of the hammer bar or block driven as above
described.
Secondly, my Invention has reference to steam hammers, and is supple-
mental to my Patent, dated the First day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty, Number 2668, and consists in leaving out the valve for
the admission and exhaustion of steam, and in making the piston itself serve
as a valve by allowing it to pass over and uncover a port or ports in the
cylinder at proper intervals for the admission and exhaustion of steam; or I
reverse the action, and make the piston stationary, and allow the cylinder to
move over it.
This Invention is also applicable to other purposes requiring a rapid and
elastic blow.
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the figures
and letters on the accompanying three Sheets of Drawings, in which Figure 1,
Sheet 1, is a side elevation, with part in section, of one arrangement of the
first part of my Invention. a represents the hammer bar or block having at
the top a piston working in the cylinder 6 (which may be round, or of any
other convenient figure). The hammer bar is driven by the crank or
eccentric c, by means of the connecting rod d and the spring e, one end of
which spring is fixed to the stud f, and the other end slides in the pin g in
the hammer bar. The stroke of the eccentric is made somewhat less than
that required of the hammer bar, but as its action is transmitted through a
spring or elastic medium to the hammer bar, the momentum of the bar
causes the stroke to be augmented, and thus a forcible and elastic blow is
obtained which may be regulated by closing the port k by the screw h, by
which the air admitted into the cylinder at the up stroke by the valve i is
retained in it as a cushion to soften the blow of the down stroke; or steam at
the required pressure may be admitted at i to cushion the blow.
Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 1, are side and front elevations, with parts in section,
of another arrangement of the same class of hammer, in which, however,
instead of using a steel spring in connection with the hammer bar, I make
use of india-rubber bands e, e, to transmit the motion of the crank or

page_text: eccentric c to the hammer bar a, the cushioning of the blow being performed
as before described. In both these or any other such arrangement the parts
may be reversed, and the cylinder may be made to move while the piston is
stationary.
The second part of my Invention is illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, and 13, Sheets 2 and 3. In all these Figures the same letters apply
to similar parts.
Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 represent only some of the many ways in which
this part of my Invention may be worked out, and these may all be reversed
by making the cylinder moveable while the piston is stationary.
In Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 2, a is the hammer bar working in the
cylinder b, which hammer bar also serves as the valve. The steam is admitted
at c, and the exhaust steam escapes at d. The upper part of the piston rod
at a¹ is merely a pipe conveying steam into the body of the piston, or it may
be fast to the cylinder lid and the piston slide upon it, being bored for that
purpose. From this pipe the steam passes by the cross ports a¹¹, all, into the
cylinder by the open ports 61, 61, the same action taking place at the top or
bottom of the cylinder accordingly as the piston is in either position. The
exhaust escapes at d by the piston passing over that port upwards or down-
wards. The regulation of the speed or force of the blow is accomplished by
the steam cock h and handle h¹. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the
hammer so described; Fig. 5, a cross section vertically; Fig. 6, a sectional
plan at line Z, Z; and Fig. 7, a sectional plan at line X, X.
In Figs. 8, 9, and 10, Sheet 3, the steam is received through the piston by
the ports a, a, and is passed upwards or downwards according to the position
of the piston, and the exhaust takes place as before described.. In Fig. 11,
the steam is received round the piston rod, which is turned down at the
points a, a, to form ports for the admission when the piston is at the top or
bottom stroke, the exhaust being as above. In Figs. 12 and 13 the steam is
admitted from a ring port c, c, into ports formed in the piston rod or hammer
bar marked a³, a", opening into the top and bottom of the cylinder, and the
steam is discharged by the same ports into the ring ports d, d, for exhaust.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim as my Invention, and which, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, has not been hitherto used within the realm,-
First, the employment in mechanically-driven hammers of a spring or
elastic medium between the cam, crank, or other motor and the hammer bar
or block to be moved to impart to the blow given an elastic character.

page_text: Secondly, the employment of a cushion of air or other elastic fluid within
the cylinder of such hammer, as described, to regulate or soften the blow
given.
Thirdly, the employment of the piston or hammer bar of steam hammers,
or hammers driven by elastic fluid, as the valve for the hammer, the ports for
such purpose being formed in the piston, hammer bar, or cylinder, or among
them conjointly, in such or other manner as described.
Fourthly, the combination of any of the above arrangements and their appli-
cations, where suitable, to steam or other engines, as all such improvements
are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying three Sheets of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Joy, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named David Joy in the
presence of
E. T. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
123, Chancery Lane,
London.
DAVID JOY. (L.S.)