AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MANufacture of Coke
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Upward, of Duncan Terrace, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Gas Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MANufacture of Coke."
Sealed the 10th November 1857, and dated the 17th July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Upward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1857.
1, ALFRED UPWARD, of Duncan Terrace, Islington, in the County of
5 Middlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE," to be as follows:-
I mix anthracite coal, or the coal known in Wales as free coal, with
bituminous coal or pitch, and then carbonize the whole in a manner similar
to that followed in converting ordinary coal into coko.
10 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Upward in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
UPWARD, of Duncan Terrace, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gas
15 Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Upward, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred Upward,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Alfred Upward, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Alfred Upward, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Upward, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to a method of manufacturing coke fit for use in
locomotive engines and for other purposes. It consists in mixing anthracito
culm or coal, known in the anthracite districts by the name of freo coal, and
which I include in this Specification in the term "anthracite culm," with tar
or pitch, either alone or mixed with small bituminous coals or other bituminous
matter. I prefer to use that tar or pitch made from the distillation of coals,
and called coal tar or pitch.
The following proportions for mixing the materials answer very well:-
1. To three parts of anthracite culm add one to two parts of coal pitch,
broken to pieces of about the size of peas, and mix them intimately together
either by hand or in a pug mill, or by any other convenient mechanical
means.
2. To three parts of anthracite culm add one part of pitch and one part of
small bituminous coal, and mix them, as before described.
8. The anthracite culm may be mixed in the same proportions with coal
tar, or with coal tar and small coal, instead of pitch; but I prefer to make the
mixture with pitch.

page_text: The proportions given above may be varied according to circumstances, so
long as enough bituminous matter is added to the anthracite culm to make it
sufficiently adhesive to form a good coke. Water added to damp the mixtures
will make a barder coke. The above mixtures are to be put into an ordinary
coke oven, and are to be treated in the ordinary way of coking common coal.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim the manufacture of
coke from anthracite culm mixed with pitch, or with pitch and bituminous
coal or other bituminous matter, with or without the addition of water to damp
the mixture, which is afterwards carbonized or baked in an ordinary coke oven,
in the usual manner of making coke.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Upward, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
A. UPWARD. (L.S.)