Improvements in Kitchen Utensils and like Vessels, and Process of Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 17th Aug., 1900-Accepted, 22nd Dec., 1900
Improvements in Kitchen Utensils and like Vessels, and Process of
Manufacturing the same.
I, GABRIEL ODELIN, of 67 and 68, Quai du Point du Jour, near le pont de
Billancourt (Seine), in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Heretofore enamelled vessels, receptacles and kitchen utensils have been covered
with enamel on all their faces. Such enamelling facilitates orderly keeping,
for objects thus covered can be easily and quickly cleaned and always present a
neat and brilliant appearance. This ease of maintainance and the advantages
which result therefrom, from a hygienic point of view, explain the wide usc
of articles of this class.
However, for a long time, it has been recognised that the enamel coating of
such vessels (particularly those employed in the kitchen) used for cooking pur-
poses, cracks and that small particles of this enamel becoming detached, mix
with the food or other contents of the vessel and are absorbed therein. These
particles of enamel, of which the edges are more or less sharp, cause some trouble
and even serious accidents on account of which doctors and hygienists have
thought it their duty to forbid the employment of enamelled kitchen utensils.
To obviate these disadvantages, it is therefore necessary to make kitchen
utensils furnished on the outside with a coating of ordinary enamel and covered
inside with a metallic coating; in this manner, the process of enamelling the
part in contact with the foods, or other matter contained in such vessels, being
dispensed with, it is possible, without any inconvenience, to provide vessels which
offer the combined advantages of silvered, nickelled or tinned vessels, saucepans
or ordinary dishes, while still preserving outwardly the appearance and properties
of enamelled articles.
To obtain these improved articles or products a rather serious difficulty has to
be surmounted. Thus, tin melts at a comparatively low temperature whilst the
process of enamelling requires a temperature of about a thousand degrees, Centi-
grade. Consequently, in the process of enamelling the outside, the inside of the
article is subject to deterioration. If, on the contrary, the article is first enamelled
outside and it is then desired, afterwards, to silver, nickel or tin the inside, the
polish of the enamel is injured and a dull-surfaced article is obtained having a
less finished and less neat appearance and of an apparently defective quality the
sale of which will be difficult.
I have invented the following process which permits a handsome external
appearance to be given and preserved to the utensils without damage to the
tinning, silvering or other internal metallic coating.
The article is first of all silvered, nickelled or tinned upon the inside in the
ordinary manner. The nickelling, tinning or the like is then covered with a
mixture composed of one third part of pulverised asbestos and two third parts of
the refractory material known commercially as
volcanic cement. When
this paste is dry, the exterior of the article is coated with enamel and placed in

page_text: a furnace in the ordinary manner. When the process of enamelling is completed
it is only necessary to brush the interior of the article in order to remove the
protective layer of asbestos and volcanic cement and expose the silvering, tinning
or the like which will be found not to have undergone any change.
Dated this 28th day of December 1899.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Kitchen Utensils and like Vessels, and Process of
Manufacturing the same. .
21
+32
I, GABRIEL ODELIN, of 67 and 68, Quai du Point, du Jour,..near le pont. de
Billancourt, (Seine), in the Republic of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Heretofore enamelled vessels, receptacles and kitchen utensils have been covered
with enamel on all their faces. Such enamelling facilitates orderly keeping,
for objects thus covered can be easily and quickly cleaned and always present a
neat and brilliant appearance. This ease of maintenance and the advantages
which result therefrom, from a hygienic point of view, explain the wide use
of articles of this class.
However, for a long time, it has been recognised that the enamel coating of
such vessels (particularly those employed, in the kitchen) used for cooking pur-
poses, cracks and that small particles of this, enamel, becoming detached, mix
with the food or other contents of the vessel and are absorbed therein. These
particles of enamel, of which the edges are more or less sharp, cause some trouble
and even serious accidents on account of which doctors and hygienists have
thought it their duty to forbid the employment of enamelled, kitchen utensils.
To obviate these disadvantages, it is therefore necessary. to make kitchen
utensils furnished on the outside with a coating of ordinary enamel and covered
inside with a metallic coating; in this manner, the process of enamelling the
part in contact with the foods or other matter contained in such vessels, being
dispensed with, it is possible, without any inconvenience, to provide vessels which
offer the combined advantages of silvered, nickelled or tinned vessels, saucepans
or ordinary dishes, while still preserving outwardly the appearance and properties
of enamelled articles
To obtain these improved articles or products a rather serious difficulty has to
be surmounted. Thus, tin melts at a comparatively low temperature whilst the
process of enamelling requires a temperature of about a thousand degrees, Centi-
grade. Consequently, in the process of enamelling the outside, the inside of the
article is subject to deterioration. If, on the contrary, the article is first enamelled
outside and it is then desired, afterwards, to silver, nickel or tin the inside, the
polish of the enamel is injured and a dull-surfaced article is obtained having a
less finished and less neat appearance and of an apparently defective quality the
sale of which will be difficult.
I have invented the following process which permits a handsome external
appearance to be given and preserved to the utensils without damage to the
tinning, silvering or other internal metallic coating.
The article is first of all silvered, nickelled or tinned upon the inside in the
ordinary manner. The nickelling, tinning or the like is then covered with a

page_text: mixture composed of one third part of pulverised asbestos and two third parts of
the refractory material known commercially as volcanic cement (puzzuolana).
When this paste is dry, the exterior of the article is coated with enamel and
placed in a furnace in the ordinary manner. When the process of enamelling is
completed it only necessary to brush the interior of the article in order to
remove the protective layer of asbestos and volcanic cement and expose the
silvering, tinning or the like which will be found not to have undergone any
change.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A vessel or receptacle coated with silver, tin or other suitable metal upon
its inner surface and enamelled upon its outer surface, substantially as described.
2. A protective paste composed of pulverised asbestos and volcanic cement,
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
3. An improved process of manufacturing kitchen utensils, vessels and like
receptacles consisting in first coating the internal surface with silver, tin or
other suitable metal, and then applying a coating of enamel to the external
surface, the internal metallic coating being protected during the latter process
by a layer of protective paste which can afterwards be removed by means of a
brush, substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of August 1900.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.