IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, OR WORKING STONE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Oivil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, OR
WORKING STONE."-A communication from abroad by Carl Friedrich
Schlickeysen of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th February 1870.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declaro the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING,
DRESSING, OR WORKING STONE," to be as follows :—
The improved machine consists of a moveable table which is provided
at its lower end with a hinge joint, so that it is capable of being set in a
slanting position, and is propped from underneath by cross pieces, set

page_text: :
screws, or otherwise. The stone is wedged fast on to the truck by means
of wedges, and the truck is mounted on rails on the moveable table, so
that it can be hauled up the inclined rails with the help of a windlass
until the upper edge of the stone has arrived under the chisels, which
are secured in holders or stampers mounted in a frame attached to
vertical standards. The frame carrying the stampers with the chisels is
capable of being set at tho proper height according to the force of
blow required. A set of cams or tappets on a cross shaft will act on and
raise the stampers and chisels in succession, and suffer them to fall on
the stone below, or the windlass will gradually draw up the truck with
the stone underneath the chisels, which latter will cut off pieces of any
thickness required as the stono advances. When the stone has arrived
at the top the sloping railway is moved sideways by means of the
regulating screws by one half the distance between two chisels, and
the truck with the stone thereon having been lowered down to its
original position is caused to go through the same process once more,
that is, in case the hardness of the stone renders the removal of such
remaining elevations between the chisels desirable. In order next to
entirely smoothen the surface of the stone flat sharpened chisels may be
put in instead of the pointed ones, or such that are curved or sloped in
case profiles are to be cut, such stampers and chisels as may be dispensed
with being hung up. For working profiles it will be necessary to cut
the stone whilst wheeling the truck from above downwards, so that the
chisels may cut the picces off hindways or behind them, as the chisels
will in this case only remove material of equal breadth to themselves,
leaving full edges besides them, whereas they will when cutting before
or in front of them remove a long and broad nearly ovally shaped piece
broader than the chisel itself from off the surface adequate to the
strength and depth of the blow. Should a chisel be driven back or its
edge be broken off its position and depth of blow can be easily regulated
by the set screw, its removal thus not being needful. Should the layer
of stone to be removed not require the entire lift the height of fall may
be reduced by removing the cam shaft from tho stampers, which must
moreover take place both at the beginning and at the end of the stone
cutting operation, so that the bare edges may not be broken away by too
severe blows. The speed of the blows and of the advancing truck can
of courso be regulated by suitable mechanical devices. The height of
fall of the stampers and consequently the power of blows must always.
be so arranged that the stone to be acted upon must invariably catch or

page_text: take up the main power of the blow. A cross beam is adapted to the
stampers to hinder too deep cuttings.
It is evident that the work or method of attacking the stone as ahove
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Edward Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, OR WORKING STONE," being a com-
munication to me from abroad by Carl Friedrich Schlickcysen, of Berlin,
in the Kindom of Prussia, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Henry Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Edward Newton, do hereby
| declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner tho

page_text: -
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing'
hercúnto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thercon (that is
to say) :-
The machines hitherto known and in use for working freestones are i
generally of too heavy a character, and operate upon the stones too
severely, either by pressure or by striking the same vertically, no
attention being paid to the peculiar nature or varying qualitics of the
materials to be operated upon.
The following entirely new method of working freestone is intended 1
to obviate the above-mentioned evils, and the intended object may be
effected in different ways, as shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a sido view of one arrangement of mechanism for effecting
the desired' object; Fig. 2 is a ground plan of the same, and Fig. 3 is a
front or end view; Figures 4 and 5 are details of the machine; Figures 1
6, 7, and 8 are side views of three other constructions or modifications
of these machines; Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 are some details of the
latter, in which similar working parts are marked with the same letters
.throughout..
A, A, is the fixed framing or side standards of the machine; A' is a
moveable bottom or frame, which is capable of motion on a pivot A³ at
the lower end. It may be turned on this centre of motion to the
required height by means of a screwed shaft or spindle. B is a strong
frame, and B is the upper cross beam, and B is the lower cross beam
of this frame; B³ are chains and a windlass for lifting the frame B;
B is an eccentric pressure lever to fix the frame B at any height against
the frame A; C, C, are rails which are capable of lateral adjustment by
means of the screws c'; D is a low truck running on the rails c and
carrying the block of stone O that is to be operated upon; E is a windlass
for hauling up or lowering the truck D by means of change wheels E';
F is a pulley for communicating power to the machine; G is a pulley
for imparting the power to the windlass E; H, H, are two side sectors
connected together and made to rotate on pins H³, and are held by an
adjusting apparatus H* provided with a wheel and pinion; I is a shaft
resting on H and carrying a series of cams or tappets K, K, for lifting
the stampers or hammers L, L; L, L, are a scries of hammers, stampers,
or chisel holders' mounted in guides L' which are supported by a
horizontal shaft L; L, Fig. 4, is a ring removable by means of a key

page_text: at the upper end of L; L' are chisels or other tools made removable
by keys, screws, or other arrangements, and fastened to the lower end
of the stampers or holders L, L; L, Fig. 5, are set screws to set and
secure each separate guide; M is a weighted lever and roller to tighten
the main driving strap at pleasure; N is a similar device for tightening
the strap of the windlass; O is the block of freestone to be acted upon
by the tools I in the holders L; Q is a handle for setting the
eccentric B'; V, V, are hand wheels to alter the position of the rails C
sideways; W, Fig. 1, is a crank for the truck traction mechanism, and
X is a regulating hand wheel for working the raising apparatus; Y is the
regulating hand wheel of the cam shaft J; Z is a handle for regulating
the tightening wheel M on the main driving pulley strap, and Z' a
handle for regulating the tightening wheel of the driving strap for the
windlass.
In the arrangement shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3 the machine will
be seen to consist of a moveable tablo A³, A², which is provided at its
lower end with a hinge joint, so that it is capable of being set in a
slanting position, and is propped from underneath by crop picces, set
screws, or otherwise. The stone O to be operated upon is wedged fast
on to the truck D by means of wedges O', and the truck is mounted
and runs on the rails C on the moveable table A³, so that it can be
hauled up or lowered down the inclined rails with the help of the
windlass E. When the upper edge of the stone has arrived under the
chisels the latter may be set in motion and allowed to act on the surface
3 in the manner hereafter described. The frame B carrying the stampers
with the chisels or cutting tools L* is capable of being set or fixed at
the proper height on the standards.
The machine is set in motion by means of a band passing round the
pulley F. The cams or tappets K will raise the stampers and chisels in
O quick succession and suffer them to fall on to the stone below as the
windlass E is gradually drawing up the truck D with the stone thereon.
As it passes under the chisels the latter by their blows will cut or chip
off pieces of any thickness required as the stone advances, as indicated
in Fig. 9. When the stone has arrived at the top of the inclined
5 railway C the latter is moved sideways by means of the regulating
screws to one-half the distance between two chisels. The truck D with
the stone therron having been lowered down to its lowest original
position the clipping operation is repeated, that is, in case the hardness

page_text: '
of the stone renders the removal of such remaining clevations between
the chisels desirable. In order next to entirely smoothen the surface
of the stone flat sharpened chisels may be put in instead of the pointed
Jones, or curved or fashioned chisels are to be used if profiles or mouldings
are to be cut. For working profiles it will be necessary to cut the stone
Whilst wheeling the truck from above downwards, so that the chisels
may cut the pieces off hindways or behind them (as shown in Fig. 10),
'as the chisels will in this case only remove material of equal breadth to
themselves, leaving full edges beside them, whereas they will when
cutting before or in front of them (see Fig. 9) remove a thick, long,
and broad nearly oval shaped piece (much broader than the chisel itself)
from off the surface adequate to the strength and depth of the blow.
"Should a chisel be driven back or its edge be broken off its position and
depth of blow can be easily regulated by the set screw L°, its removal
thus not being needful. Should the layer of stone to be removed not
require the entire lift the height of fall may be reduced by removing the
cam shaft from the stampers (which must morcover-take place both at
the beginning and at the end of the stone cutting operation), so that
the bare edges may not be broken away by too severe blows. The
'speed of the blows and of the advancing truck can of course be regulated;
by the handles Z, Z³, or by other suitable mechanical devices. The
height of fall of the stampers and consequently the power of the blows
must always be so arranged that the stone to be acted upon must
invariably catch or take up the main power of the blow. The cross
beam B' is adapted to the stampers in order to prevent too deep.?
cuttings.
It is evident that the mode of working or attacking the stone as above
described may also be attained by various other mechanical arrange-
ments, but the method of adapting the chisels to cut the stone must
remain the same.
The several Figures from 6 to 13 represent modifications of the
mechanical arrangements. In Fig. 6 the frame consists of four
columns A. The frame B (carrying the machinery) consists of four slides,
which are raised and lowered together by means of the crank X and
the racks fastened to the frames. Instead of the stampers hammers L
are in this case mounted on a shaft-supported in bearings on the two
front slides. The hammers L carry the chisels at the head end and are

page_text: the depth of blow of the chisels and is fastened on to the two toothed
supports B'. It can be raised and lowered as may be required and can
be keyed tight at any required height. It is capable of being adjusted
before and during the action of the machine by means of the set screw B®
at the foot of B. The whole of this regulating apparatus can be
secured by tightening the double nut B'. Every thing else, so far as
the Drawing or construction will admit of, corresponds with Figures 1
& 3.
Fig. 7 represents a modification of Fig. 6. The two front slides which
carry the hammer shaft and the two back slides which carry the cam
shaft are raised and lowered together in pairs by themselves on the
columns, thus rendering the adjustable part H superfluous.
In Fig. 8 (as compared with Fig. 7) it will be seen that on either
side of the railway only one column is applied, each with a slide B,
which being connected together will raise and lower themselves simul-
taneously by means of the rack and wheel gear or other raising devices.
These main slides carry the hammer shaft in front. At the hinder end
of cach of these slides B small slides B³ are applied, each of which is to
be raised and lowered together with the other one by means of a screwed
spindle or other lifting apparatus, and by means of a pair of bevel wheels
applied to the lower end, actuated by suitable driving gear. These
slides B³ carry the cam shaft and regulate the lift and the height of
fall of the hammers and chisels. All the other parts correspond with
the former Figures.
The number of variations of construction which may take place on
applying this new machine for working freestone by means of the striking
power of the tool is however not limited to the above four machines,
but it would be useless to give Drawings of further modifications. For
instance, the cam shaft might as well be placed on the other side of the
hammer shaft, either underneath the hammers or before their heads or
above the same, also other mechanical means might be employed for
raising the stampers or hammers and suffering them to fall.
The variation of the speed of the tool or of the stone to be acted
upon might be attained by other known methods than by tightening of
the driving strap, also the advance of the stone might be accomplished
by rack, spindle, or by jerk, or sliding on guides, the same might also
be suffered to pass under the chisels (Fig. 1) horizontally or in curvilinear
form.

page_text: With regard to the stampers, hammers, and chisels, the blow of each
of these might be checked at pleasure with the assistance of a set screw
applied to their guides and pressing against the falling part by the action
of a spring. Increasing the power of the blow by means of a blow applicd
to the falling part at the uppermost point of the lift, or instead of a
blow the pressure of a spring or, weight allowing individual hammers
to fall more frequently, whilst other hammers only fall once, or letting
some hammers strike harder than others, or, for instance, to produco by
permanent regular lateral motions of the truck wave-like profiles. The
tool might also be suffered to rest below on the stone or immediately:
above the same during the lift of the striking or falling body, and the
same may be made to work the stone by means of a blow or blows
applied to such tool or its holder by falling bodies, as has been illustrated,
for example, in Figs. 12 & 13. In like manner any desired number
of chisels can be joined together in a hammer in cases where the.
thickness of the stone will stand such severe blows.
The great advantage of this machine as compared with all other stone
working machines consists, however, in the blow acting in a slanting
direction against the surface to be worked. This slanting direction can
be modified at pleasure to any desired angle up to the vertical line, thus,
however, destroying the upper layer of stone, and subjecting the samo
to the influence of the weather. Finally, some parts of the machine
may be dispensed with entirely in some special cases without altering
anything belonging to the above-described method of assailing the stone
-by the tool.
Having now described the Invention which has been communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me
by Letters Patent as aforesaid,—
First. The use of several separato chisels or cutting tools working
independently of each other and made to act on the face of the stone,
which is capable of being moved either forward, backward, or sideways,
and in an inclined or horizontal direction under the chisels or cutting

page_text: Third. I claim the general construction, arrangement, and com-
bination of parts herein set forth for cutting, dressing, and working
stone.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, the Fourth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.