matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAULING CLIPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Ridout Wills at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1881.
WALTER RIDOUT WILLS, of Edgbaston, in the County of Warwick, Mining
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAULING CLIPS."
My Invention has reference to the clips used in hauling upon tramways or
railways above and below ground. The said clips are attached to the wagon, truck,
tram, or other vehicle, and their function is to attach the vehicle to and detach it
from the endless or other hauling rope, chain, or cord, as occasion may require.
My said Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in constructing
and arranging the parts of the said clips.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a tram. To the front or bottom
plate of the tram or to the buffers of the tram I affix one arm or blade of a pair
of gripping tongs or pincers, the said arm being fixed to the tram by means of a
base plate made in one piece with the said arm.
The arm described has no motion, but jointed to it is another or moveable arm,
which by being turned upon its joint opens or closes the acting ends of the tongs
so as to make the said ends grip or loose anything placed between them.
The opposed faces of the said acting ends of the tongs have depressions in them
of a kind suiting them to grip the hauling rope or chain.
Where it is desired to leave the front or back of the tram open I work the
moveable part in the following way:-The upper part of the said arm is forked
and carries a swinging screw nut. A screw shaft crossing the tram underneath the
bottom passes through the said screw box, and by giving rotation in one or other
direction to the said screw, the acting end of the moveable arm of the tongs is
made to approach to or recede from the acting end of the fixed arm, and thus to
grip or loose the hauling rope or chain between them. In order to give the
required rotation to the screw shaft, one or both its ends are made square or
angular so that a winch may be temporarily fitted upon it for the purpose of
rotating it. In this form of my Invention all the parts are situated below the
level of the bottom of the tram.
Where the tram has fixed sides I dispense with the screw shaft and screw box
described and prolong the moveable arm of the tongs upwards to the top of the end

page_text: of the tram. On the end of the tram against which the moveable arm works I
fix a curved rack, the arm working between the said rack and the end of the
tram.
A pawl jointed to the said arm near its top engages with the said rack and fixes
the arm in the position to which it may have been brought in the direction proper
for gripping the rope or chain. In order where necessary to give the attendant
additional power in gripping the rope or chain, a socketted handle may be tempo-
rarily placed on the top of the moveable arm. In order to relax the grip of the
tongs upon the rope or chain the pawl is lifted from the rack when the rope or
chain is loosed. A socketted handle may be temporarily attached to the rear end
of the pawl to facilitate its lifting from the rack.
IMPROVED MEANS OF HANGING OR SUPPORTING WINDOW SASHES AND BLINDS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jacob Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1881.
EDWARD JACOB HILL, of Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster. "IMPROVED
MEANS OF HANGING OR SUPPORTING WINDOW SASHES AND BLINDS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO THE WINDOWS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
My Invention relates to improved means of hanging or supporting window
sashes, railway and other carriage windows, and blinds, whereby they may be
readily raised and lowered and retained at any height at which they may be placed.
To effect this I use a rod or wire of brass, iron, or other material which is fixed to
the door or window frame, either in the centre or at one of the sides thereof: A
small piece of brass, iron, or other material, having a hole in one extremity large
enough to work easily over the rod is placed loosely in a frame of metal, which
frame is fixed to the window sash either at the top, bottom, or one of the sides.
This small piece of metal is called the gripping lever, and working on a fixed
fulcrain in the frame attached to the sash acts as a holder. When the lever is
perfectly straight in a horizontal position with the rod, or at such an angle that
the hole of the lever is in the same line as the rod, the sash will move freely up
and down in the window; but when the end of the gripping lever, furthest from
the hole falls, the eye of the lever grips the rod and prevents the sash descending;
the gripping lever is brought into its freeing position by a small mechanical
contrivance worked by the hand, and which when moved releases the grip on the
rod and allows the window sash to descend. When the sash is being raised in the
ordinary way by strap or raising lift, the gripping lever slides up the rod, but
when the hand is removed from the sash or raising strap the weight of the window
presses on the holder frame, which transmits the whole weight upon the gripping
lever, aud causes the hole in the gripping lever to cant and firmly grip hold of the
rod.
There are many ways of working the gripping lever on the rod, either by spring
or weight, but the claims I particularly make in this Invention is the raising,
holding, and lowering sashes by means of a movable holding lever working upon a
rod or wire. Instead of a hole being made in the end of the lever to work over
the rod, the end of the gripping lever may be made in the form of a small hook,
and the rod may be placed in any part of the frame either level, or above, or below
the sash. The rod may also be attached to the sash, and the gripping lever holder
to the window frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHEQUES AND SIMILAR DOCUMENTS FOR DETECTING FRAUDULENT ALTERATIONS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Murray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1881.
ROBERT MURRAY, of Hayle Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHEQUES AND SIMILAR DOCUMENTS
FOR DETECTING FRAUDULENT ALTERATIONS."
My improvement consists in using a sensitive marking paper connected to cheques,
letters of credit, circular notes, or any document, on the face of which it is required
to express in writing or by figures any sum of money to remain concealed until the
cheque or document is presented for payment to the banker or to whom it may
concern. The amount to be expressed in writing or by figures is written on a bit
of ordinary paper while lying on the sensitive paper attached to the cheque, which
marks the amount on the cheque or other document under the sensitive paper, but
the figures thereby made by writing over the sensitive paper cannot be seen until
the sensitive marking paper has been torn off or removed, and this paper is only to
be removed by the payce.of the cheque, and after removing the sensitive marking
paper, if it is found the figures or sum written under the paper is the same as
that on the face of the cheque or document, it is evident no fraudulent alteration
has been made.
These bits of sensitive marking paper are usually attached to the cheque by any
viscous substance, and afterwards puncturing holes through it, and the cheques
when laid together, which causes sufficient adhesion for the purposes intended,
other modes of fastening or adhesion may be used if desired to prevent the
sensitive paper being removed and replaced without readily detecting that it has
been tampered with.
When the improvement is applied to cheques, the cheques and their counterfoils
in the book are bound up separately, and the sensitive paper is so placed on the
cheque, that when the amount is written in figures on the counterfoil it is impressed
on the cheque under the sensitive marking paper, which is not removed until the
cheque is presented for payment, when it will show if there has been any alteration
from the amount expressed in writing on the face of the cheque.
The improvement is applicable to any money documents or instruments in writing
of any kind on which it is desired to detect any fraudulent alteration of figures or
writing thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISHES AND BASINS COMPOSED OF EARTHENWARE AND METALS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Colton Russell, of Garforth, in the County of York,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISHES AND BASINS COMPOSED OF
EARTHENWARE AND METALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said Colton Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1881.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
COLTON RUSSELL, of Garforth, in the County of York.
DISHES AND BASINS COMPOSED OF EARTHENWARE AND METALS."
The object of my Invention is to construct dishes and basins so that various
kinds of food can be placed in them without mixing or coming in contact with
each other. I construct my basins with division pieces, so as to form compartments
for the various foods to be placed therein, and also form recesses or lips at the top..
edge of the basins to hold seasonings, such as salt, mustard, pepper, and the like.
The dishes I also construct with division pieces to form compartments for the
different foods, such as beef and pudding; these also I construct with lips or
recesses near their upper edges for seasonings, such as salt, mustard, pepper, and
pickles, the dishes having a corresponding cover thereto. By the above method I
form a useful and complete office dinner service.

page_text: receptacles for seasonings, without which all would have to be made up in separate
lots. The above may be made either in earthenware, glass, or metals; when made
in metal can be placed upon a stand with a lamp or fire and heated as required.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
I would have it understood that what I claim to be secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
The combined arrangements, as shewn and described at Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and
seven, Sheets 1 and 2.
In witness whereof, I, the said Colton Russell, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
JOHN E. WALSH,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Leeds.
COLTON RUSSELL. (L.s.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TENNIS, CRICKET, RACQUET, AND OTHER PLAYING BALLS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Joseph Altman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1881.
ALBERT JOSEPH ALTMAN, of St. Botolph's, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TENNIS, CRICKET, RACQUET, AND OTHER PLAYING
BALLS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of tennis,
cricket, racquet, and other playing balls.
°
My Invention consists in employing cork as the material from which the ball is
made. I take cork properly seasoned and prepared of a suitable quality and
substance, and cut it into conveniently shaped pieces sufficient to form the required
ball, I then unite these pieces together by means of a solution which is impervious
to the action of wet or damp, after which I allow the ball to dry, and it is then
fit for use.
Playing balls so manufactured are not only cheaper in construction, but from
the natural qualities of the cork are extremely light, flexible, and convenient, and
far more durable than those in present use.
A NEW COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING CRUSTATION BOILERS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Portway at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1881.
HERBERT PORTWAY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machinery Agent.
"A NEW COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING AND REMOVING CRUSTATION
BOILERS."
OF
My improvement relates to a combination of materials for the purpose of
preventing the formation, and the removal when formed, of scale or incrustation in
economisers, boilers, and similar vessels used for heating or raising water into
steam.
The composition is injected into the boiler or other vessel along with the feed
water, which lubricates the earthy matter held in particles or in solution, which
then settle to the bottom of the boiler, where it can be removed by the ordinary
blow off tap; and in case where scale or incrustation is formed on the plates, the
composition works between the cracks and fissures in the scale and looses the
same, which settles and is blown away, or in cases of great tenacity is easily
removed.
The exact proportions of material from which my composition is made will
slightly vary, as water in different districts contains more or less of the lime salts,
and the nature of other impurities somewhat differ. What I have found by
experiment to be a suitable proportion for most waters is as follows:-Water, 112 lbs. ;
Irish moss, 5 lbs. ; soda, 20 lbs., and a small quantity of sandal wood. These materials
are boiled together until well dissolved, and then strained. The composition is
then ready for use in the form of a jelly, which readily forms a solution, and can
then be injected into the boiler or other vessel along with the feed water.
For marine boilers I treat the composition as follows:-1 grind the proportions
as above stated of Irish moss and soda, and form the same into a fine powder, which
is a novel form of boiler disincrustant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1881. A communication
from abroad by Carl Friedrich Ventzke, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of.
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS." A communication from
abroad by Carl Friedrich Ventzke, of Berlin, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to the means of communication between railway passengers
and the engine driver or guard while the train is in motion, and consists in
placing at the top of each passenger carriage a signalling apparatus constructed
and operating as follows:-
A vertical spindle secured to the top of the carriage carries at its upper end &
horizontal disc or a pair of wings, to which is attached a string connected with a
steam whistle or other signal placed on the locomotive, or on the guard's van, so
that by turning the said disc or wing the signal is sounded. The said spindle is
turned by a spiral spring enclosed in a casing and set in action by disengaging a
ratchet wheel mounted on the axis of the spindle and locked by a ratchet lever
click connected with a string which passes into the interior of the carriage over
rollers and within the reach of the passengers. The ratchet lever has a lateral
guide and is caused to lock with the wheel by a helical spring when not counter-
acted by the pull of the string, which is actuated by a passenger.
To prevent a breakage of the spiral spring or main spring a small pulley is
mounted on the spindle, to which pulley is attached one end of a strap fixed at the
other end, and having such a length that it will stop the turning of the spindle
before the spring is overstrained by winding it up.
2
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR SOFTENING HARD YARN AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1881. A
communication from abroad by Joseph Balster of Chemnitz in the Kingdom
of Saxony German Empire.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V. Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Oflice under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co. 97 Finsbury
Pavement London E.C. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR
SOFTENING HARD YARN AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS." A communication
from abroad by Joseph Balster of Chemnitz in the Kingdom of Saxony German
Empire.
It is well known that yarn which has become hard in the dyeing or other
preparation must be softened by beating before it can be worked up. This
beating process occupies a long time and never completely fulfills the object in
view because each fibre of the yarn is not struck at every part.
The object of this apparatus is to effect the softening of the yarn in a quicker
safer and more regular manner than heretofore.
The apparatus consists of a frame on which is fixed the headstock in which are
bearings which carry two shafts, one of which is caused to rotate by a crank
handle, a strap pulley. or other suitable means.
These shafts carry two rollers at their front ends.
These rollers are either grooved or smooth and in the latter case they are by
preference covered with coarse grained india rubber.
On one or both of the shafts are fixed two wheels the edges of which are bent
or corrugated and take into notches formed in pieces fixed to the headstock.
These wheels effect during their revolution several endlong backward and
forward movements or reciprocations of the rollers in opposite directions parallel to
the direction of their axes.
The front bearing of the upper roller is connected with the lever by means of a
draw bar and is loaded with a weight whereby one roller is pressed against the
other.

page_text: In order to allow of the upward and downward movement of the topmost roller,
and for the purpose of accurate adjustment, the back bearing is free to turn on a
pin carried by adjustable bearing plates.
Another arrangement of mechanism for moving or reciprocating the rollers
endwise which is specially applicable to rollers which are not grooved is as follows.
In this arrangement only one shaft is furnished with a corrugated wheel and the
endlong movement of this shaft is transmitted to the other shaft by means of a
double forked lever so that the rollers must always move end wise in opposite
directions even if they do not revolve at the same speed. The hanks of yarn to
be treated are placed on a spool furnished with disc ends and carried by a pin
fixed in a lever and are passed over the conical projecting part of one of the rollers,
and the rollers are then caused to rotate. The yarn follows the rotation of the
rollers is seized by the grooving and rubbed soft by the endlong reciprocating
movement of the rollers.
PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF COMBUSTIVE MATTERS AND PREVENTING AND SUBDUING FIRES BY THE APPLICATION OF WIRE GAUZE. FOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Alfred Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1881.
JOSEPH ALFRED FISHER, of 161 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London
E.C. PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF COMBUSTIVE MATTERS AND
PREVENTING AND SUBDUING FIRES BY THE APPLICATION OF WIRE GAUZE.
FOR
The combustive or other matter is defended by being enclosed in cases or layers
of wire gauze and layers of the same are also applied in case of fire to the openings
or round the inflamed matter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1881. A communication
from abroad by Gregoire Dessaigne, of Villefranche, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY." A communication from abroad by
Gregoire Dessaigne, of Villefranche, France.
This Invention has for its object the universal production of electricity by utilizing
the rotary motion of machines, electricity being generated without any additional
cost, or a great deal cheaper than by the working of a dynamo-electric machine
proper. I perform my Invention by utilizing the power of fly-wheels by adjusting
magnets on them (preferably at their fellies), and placing bobbins or electro-magnets
around such magnets, or I make the magnets fixed, and the bobbins movable if
preferred.
Electricity is obtained in this way without any additional working expense.
My Invention can be adapted to other rotary motions or machines not provided
with fly-wheels, by adjusting the generators of electricity on the axles or beams
directly by lengthening their ends.
For instance, I fix the magnets on the axle and the bobbins on the frame of the
machine or on a frame constructed for this purpose. This latter mode is not
altogether without cost, but is a great deal cheaper than using a special motor for
generating electricity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DESICCATING AND PRESERVING HAY, CEREALS, AND OTHER CROPS WHEN STACKED, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Fawcett Swarbrick, of Tottenham,
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN
DESICCATING AND PRESERVING HAY, CEREALS, AND OTHER CROPS WHEN
STACKED, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Fawcett
Swarbrick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th
October 1881.
GEORGE WILLIAM FAWCETT SWARBRICK, of Tottenham, Middlesex, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DESICCATING AND PRESERVING HAY, CEREALS,
AND OTHER CROPS WHEN STACKED, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
My Invention has for its object the desiccating or drying of hay, cereals, and
other crops in such a manner or by means of such apparatus that certain products
evolved during the process of desiccation are saved for subsequent utilisation
instead of being dissipated in the atmosphere as heretofore. By the use of my
Invention facility is also afforded for injecting suitable fluids with the object of
preserving, or improving the quality of the vegetable materials of which the stacks
consist, or of expelling or destroying vermin.
The nature of my Invention will be sufficiently explained if I describe its
application to an ordinary hay-stack; it being understood that its application to
stacks of cereals or other crops is of a similar nature, although in certain cases the
arrangement of the apparatus may be somewhat modified. In a central position
or positions in the body of the stack I form a chamber or chambers during the
process of building the stack. At the bottom, by preference, of this chamber I
introduce the open end of a pipe; which pipe extends outwards clear of the stack,
[Pine 91

page_text: and is there connected with an exhauster, ejector, or apparatus for producing either
atmospheric pressure or vacuum in the aforesaid pipe. This pipe, conveying the
exhausted fluid from the internal chamber in the stack, is also provided with a coil
immersed in a tank of cold water, or with other suitable apparatus for condensing
the products evolved by and conveyed from the vegetable materials whilst subject
to the process of drying.
By reversing the operation of the exbausting engine I am enabled to force gas
or air into the chamber formed in the stack, this gas or air consisting of or being
charged with suitable fluid for improving the character of the vegetable materials
or for expelling or destroying mice, rats, or other vermin.
If it be desired to apply the process to several stacks, the pipe before referred
to may be extended as far as necessary, and valves or shutters introduced for
controlling or directing the current from or to any particular stack as required.
AN IMPROVED HORSE GEAR FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ashton Lister and William
Priestley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February
1881.
ROBERT ASHTON LISTER, of the Victoria Iron Works, Dursley, in the County of
Gloucester, Engineer, and WILLIAM PRIESTLEY, of Dursley aforesaid, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED HORSE GEAR FOR DRIVING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of horse gear for driving
machinery.
In carrying out our Invention we employ a strong cylindrical foundation casting
having a suitable number of arms and a centre or boss, which boss carries an
upright shaft on which revolves a spur, toothed, or friction pinion, and on the
outside we provide a spur, toothed, or friction ring. Revolving on the herein before
described upright shaft is a cast iron disc, which serves the purposes of a covering
plate, an attachment for the usual poles, and also as a carrier for one or more spur,
toothed, or friction intermediate or counter wheels, which gear into the hereinbefore
described ring and pinion.
Motion is communicated to the machinery to be driven by any suitable means
now in use.
IMPROVED FOOD PREPARATIONS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1881.
WILLIAM WHITE, of London Wall, in the City of London. "IMPROVED FOOD
PREPARATIONS."
Animal and vegetable foods, whether flesh or fish, milk or eggs, fruits or roots,
or their juices, when incorporated with granulated bread or biscuit are rapidly
desiccated in dry air with the retention of their several savours and qualities.
Food thus prepared is mixed with sugar, or albumen, or sugar and albumen, and
subjected to sufficient heat to fuse the sugar or coagulate and dry the albumen,
and the resulting combination may be used as biscuit, or reserved as material for
further processes in cookery. In like manner freshly ground cocoa or coffee is
mixed with sugar and heated so as to form biscuit wherein the aroma and flavour
are effectually conserved for infusion in water or milk. Also in like manner
granulated bread is saturated with edible oil, fortified against rancidity with
benzoic acid or nitric ether, and is then dressed with a mixture of farina, sodic
carbonate, and tartaric acid, and used when required for mixing with flour for
paste. Or animal and vegetable substances desiccated in bread, as above described,
are in like manner mixed with sugar and oil or butter, and combined by subjection
to heat.
AN IMPROVED VERMIN TRAP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Murray Gates at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1881.
GEORGE MURRAY GATES, of 75, Calverley Road, Tunbridge Wells, in the County
of Kent, Music Seller. "AN IMPROVED VERMIN TRAP."
This Invention consists of an apparatus or trap for the destruction of beetles,
mice, rats, vermin in general, and can also be made applicable to the destruction of
cats, dogs, and other animals.
The apparatus consists of a flat board (the upper end of which has a tilting
slide) and which is placed in a slanting position over the edge of a basin, tub, or
other receptacle containing water or other liquid, into which the vermin is
endeavouring to obtain the bait fixed in an inaccessible position are precipitated
by their own weight and drowned.
The trap immediately recovering its position and thereby resets itself. This
trap can be constructed of any suitable materials, and also of various sizes, iu
accordance with the size and weight of the animals to destroy. At the junction of
the tipping slide with the inclined board may be placed a button or hook to prevent
the tipping slide from tilting, in case it may be desirable to allow the rats or other
vermin to reach the bait in safety, so as to induce them to run up the board
without fear.
The following are some of its advantages:-
It is inexpensive. Each time it secures a victim the trap instantly recovers its
position and remains ready set. The bait cannot be reached, so is never eaten.
No springs are used and therefore cannot get out of order. It is cleanly, as no
smell, dirt, or mutilated remains are left to be disposed of. It works silently, and
is extremely simple in its action, and portable, and occupies very little space, and
it does not allow vermin to see those already caught either caged or mutilated,
as in other traps, and cause them to avoid the trap.
And in order that my said Invention may be readily understood, I have annexed
two Drawings of the same, Fig. I representing my improved trap, showing its
position when set ready for use. A is an inclined board for the vermin to run up;

page_text: B is the tipping slide hinged on pin at D, D, which tilts up with the weight of the
vermin and precipitates them into the water (G); C, bate fixed to the zinc or other
support of tilting slide; E, support of tipping slide; and F shows the tub or basin
to hold water (G). Fig. 2 represents the tipping slide in the act of tilting. A' is
a strip of metal nailed or fastened under the trap to stop the tilting slide from over 5
balancing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ABDOMINAL BELTS AND FASTENINGS THEREFORE, THE SAID FASTENINGS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR STOCKING SUSPENDERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marian Prince Browne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1881.
MARIAN PRINCE BROWNE, of 9, Blandford Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ABDOMINAL BELTS AND FASTENINGS
THEREFORE, THE SAID FASTENINGS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR STOCKING
SUSPENDERS."
With abdominal belts as hitherto made they have been found most objectionable
to the wearer, and in many cases have to be discarded altogether on account of not
keeping their proper position, and although various contrivances have been
attempted they have been of little or no use. Now according to my Invention the
above objection is obviated and the belt is rendered most comfortable to the
wearer.
To each side of the belt I connect a piece of elastic (by preference elastic
webbing), and to the disconnected end of each of these pieces I connect a fastening
device to fasten on to the stockings, thereby retaining the belt in proper position.
The fastening consists of a plate of metal or other suitable material having a hole
and slot therein, somewhat similar to a key hole; and in connection with this plate
is a stud which may be fastened thereto (loosely) so as to be capable of sliding
freely in the said slot; the stocking is to be passed over the stud, which is then
passed through the hole, and by sliding the same up the slot it will hold to the
stocking firmly on account of the strain on the aforesaid pieces of elastic keeping
the stud tightly against the top of the slot. Instead of the plate aforesaid having
a hole and slot, it can be made simply of a fork shape for the stud to pass in, or a
piece of wire suitably bent will be found preferable in some cases, especially when
the fastenings are to hold on to silk stockings, as the wire would be bent so as to
form a spring against the shank of stud to prevent any possibility of the stocking
slipping through.
The before named fastening device is also applicable to stocking suspenders,
thereby dispensing with the necessity of having to attach a loop to each stocking
as heretofore practiced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION OF PAPER HANGINGS AND OTHER SURFACES TO WHICH GILDING HAS BEEN USUALLY APPLIED."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cunnington and William Cunnington, the
younger, both of Park Walk, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION OF PAPER HANGINGS
AND OTHER SURFACES TO WHICH GILDING HAS BEEN USUALLY APPLIED."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cunnington and
William Cunnington, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 21st July 1881.
"
WILLIAM CUNNINGTON and WILLIAM CUNNINGTON, the younger, both of Park
Walk, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION
OF PAPER-HANGINGS AND OTHER SURFACES TO WHICH GILDING HAS BEEN USUALLY
APPLIED."
Our Invention consists in the application of a mixture of powdered mica with
brocade, bronze powder, powdered gold leaf, or powdered leaf metal to the surfaces
to be decorated in the manner hereinafter described.
For this purpose the surface to be decorated is covered with size or other
adhesive preparation, or in the case of a design, such design may be painted or
printed with the adhesive preparations aforesaid, and the mixed powder is then
shaken, beaten, flocked, or blown on.
For the purposes of this Invention the powdered mica may be dyed or stained in
various shades of colour.
We also claim the admixture of various powdered dry colours with the powdered
mica either in lieu of or together with the aforesaid metallic powders.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Cunnington and William Cunnington, the younger, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th January 1882.
WILLIAM CUNNINGTON and WILLIAM CUNNINGTON, the younger, both of Park
Walk, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORATION
OF PAPERHANGINGS AND OTHER SURFACES TO WHICH GILDING HAS BEEN USUALLY
APPLIED."
This Invention consists,
1. In the application of a mixture of powdered mica with brocade, bronze powder,
powdered gold leaf, or powdered leaf metal to the surfaces to be decorated in the
manner hereinafter described.
For this purpose the surface to be decorated is covered with size or other
adhesive preparation, or in the case of a design, such design may be painted or
printed with the size or other adhesive preparation, as aforesaid, and the mixed
powder is then shaken, beaten, flocked, or blown on. The surface thus obtained
we propose to call "frosted gold."
2. For the purposes of this Invention the powdered mica may be dyed or stained
in various shades of colour.
3. We also claim the admixture of various powdered dry colours with the
powdered mica either in lieu of or together with the aforesaid metallic powders.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Cunnington and William Cunnington,
the younger, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day
of January, in the year of our Lord 1882.
(E.S.)
W. CUNNINGTON.
WM. CUNNINGTON, JR. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Wildes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1881.
GEORGE HENRY WILDES, of Lowndes Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Captain in the 3rd Battalion Cheshire Regiment. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
OR FASTENINGS."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of spring lock or fastening,
the object of the improvements being to provide a spring lock or fastening which
can be opened by simply pressing on a stud or button which may be placed
in the knob or handle of the drawer, door, or the like on which the lock or
fastening is placed.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a lock case with spring bolt or catch of
the ordinary construction; in the bolt or catch and also in the lock case I form a
slot; through these slots passes a wedge or inclined piece fixed on the end of a rod
which passes through the centre of the knob or handle; the said rod is provided
at its outer end with a button or stud which fits and works in a recess in the knob
or handle; the inner end of the knob or handle passes through the door or drawer,
and a small plate is screwed to the end of the knob or handle from the inside of
the drawer or door, which will allow the knob or handle to turn freely, but will
prevent it being withdrawn.
A door or drawer being provided with a lock or fastening of this construction is
closed in the usual manner; but to open it, instead of turning or sliding the knob or
handle as hitherto, it is merely necessary to press the herein before described button
or stud, and thereby move the wedge or inclined piece through the hereinbefore
described slots, and thus depress or withdraw the bolt so as to allow the drawer or
door to be opened.
Any suitable arrangement to be operated by a key or otherwise may be provided
to lock the bolt or fastening and to allow (in the case of doors) of the door being
opened from the outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING BENZOLINE OR OTHER LIGHT HYDROCARBON OILS OR SPIRITS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles George Crawford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1881.
CHARLES GEORGE CRAWFORD, of 78, St. Paul's Road, in the Parish of
St. Pancras,, in the County of. Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR
BURNING BENZOLINE OR OTHER LIGHT HYDROCARBON OILS OR SPIRITS."
For this purpose I take any of the ordinary benzoline lamps with a tube con-
taining the wick, the tube being cylindrical, or square, or oval, or flattened, so as
to take a round or flat wick, or wick of any suitable shape or form; I then bring
the upper edge or edges more closely together, forming a flatter or narrowed orifice
than is presented by the section of the tube through which the wick passes.
By this means the end of the wick from which the flame proceeds is compressed in
being forced against the narrowed orifice, so as to project but slightly if at all
through the said orifice. I then cut two or more slits, slots, or openings, from the
edge or edges of the tube extending downwards to any convenient length, and I
find an eighth of an inch to a quarter of an inch in length, and from one thirty
second to a sixteenth of an inch in width, according to the size of the tube to be
suitable for this purpose, but I do not confine myself to these dimensions. I some-
times drill small holes in the upper part of the tube extending from the edge or
edges of the orifice a short distance downwards, so that by means of the slits or
holes I obtain jets of flame through them so as to greatly increase the light which
would otherwise proceed from the top of the wick. I prefer to use slits or holes
closely together, one beneath the other, so as to form a chain of holes or a com-
bination of slits and holes at the two narrowest parts of the orifice, so as to form
by means of the two aide jets of flame, combining with the centre flame from the
top of the wick, a flattened and extended flame which gives a greatly improved
quantity of light. I also form burners of metal, or steatite, or of porcelain, or of any
other material suitable for making gas burners, in the form presented by the upper
portion of the tube previously described, and I make these burners with the slits
or holes, or combination of slits and holes, preferably at the narrowest portion of
the orifice for the purpose of extending the flame as before described; and these
burners can be adapted and fixed to the end of any tube now in use for benzoline
lamps, and serve the same purpose for increasing the quantity of light. I adapt
these tubes and burners to burn round or flat wicks, and for some purposes I prefer
the upper portion of the wick to be formed of asbestos fibre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE ALARM SIGNALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Petty at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881.
WILLIAM PETTY, of Kingsland, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE ALARM SIGNALS."
This Invention refers to a novel method of and apparatus for raising an alarm in
railway carriages and communicating the same to other passengers and the guard
and other persons. It consists of a gong or other sounding instrument with its
requisite working accessories fixed to or encased within the upper part of the
partition by which railway carriages are usually divided into compartments, cords
or pulls so placed as to be easily reached by passengers in any part of the compart-
ment from their seats being attached to two sliding doors, which on the cords or
pulls being pulled, open from each other right and left, and unmask apertures in the
partition through which persons in the next compartment may look, and thereupon,
if necessary, pull the signal cord usually fixed along the train outside the carriages,
or make any other signals. Each of the sliding doors is provided with teeth on its
upper edge which gear into a toothed wheel to which is fixed a hammer or striker,
and simultaneously with the opening of the said doors both the said toothed wheels
are caused to turn on their axes and with them the respective hammer or striker
which strikes the gong, which then sounds so as to communicate the alarm to the
persons in the adjoining compartment. To the outer vertical edge of each sliding
door is also fixed one end of a horizontal rod, the other end is attached, on which
when the sliding doors are caused to open impels forward to the outside of the
carriage a case containing a fan like alarm signal, which when the case is pushed
out drops down by its own weight and assumes an extended or fan like form at
the side of the carriage, in which position it becomes locked in until again closed
from the outside of the carriage. In the open or alarm position such signals may
be seen by any one looking along the outside of the train.
Thus by the pulling of any one of the cords or pulls three separate operations
are effected simultaneously, namely, the opening of the sliding door and exposing
the before mentioned apertures, the striking of the gong, and projects forward
to the outside of the carriage the case, from which falls the fan like alarm
signal.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ILLUMINATING GAS F
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederick Gustav Kromschröder, of Westminster,
66 'IMPROVE-
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for an Invention of
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ILLUMINATING GAS FROM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frederick Gustav
Kromschröder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
10th December 1881.
JOHN, FREDERICK, GUSTAV, KROMSCHRÖDER, of Westminster in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION
OF ILLUMINATING GAS FROM HYDRO-CARBON OILS AND THE COMSUMPTION
THEREOF."
My Invention relates to the construction of a burner and appliances connected
therewith in such a manner that the heat of the burner shall be utilized to vaporize
the hydro carbon oil, and that the said oil may be fed with regularity and in a
state of division to allow of easy vaporization, and further to a particular
construction of joint in the supply pipes.
My apparatus consists of a burner of peculiar construction, supplied from any
convenient reservoir of hydro-carbon oil. The flow of the oil is controlled and
regulated by a screw valve, screwing through a packing gland across the supply pipe
into a recess.
Immediately under the burner and above the neck of the supply pipe is a short
chamber, or length of pipe, of good heat conducting material, and this chamber is
filled with twisted fibre, similar to a lamp wick.
The oil, regulated in quantity by the screw valve and absorbed by the fibre in
the chamber, is presented in a finely divided condition to the vaporizing influence

page_text: of the walls of the chamber, heated by their proximity to and connection with the
lighted burner and the neighbouring parts, directly subjected to the heat of the
flame.
The burner, to which flows the vapor or gas thus generated, has its orifice at the
side, and the lighted jet is made to impinge upon a plate or shield curved upwards
so as to form the jet into a sheet of flame. The top of the burner may be con-
veniently solid and notched to admit of easy adjustment by means of a screw
driver.
Where any joints are necessary in the supply pipe, as, for instance, in the case of
a wall bracket, I make all the joints in the form of union joints, well packed, and
with an interval between the ends of the inside pipe.
It is evident that my Invention may be applied to gas fittings of ordinary type
by slight alterations in the same.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND LAYING PERMANENT WAY FOR TRAM CARS AND OTHER SIMILAR VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Swarbrick Dugdale at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1881.
RICHARD SWARBRICK DUGDALE, Civil Engineer, of 5, Highfield Terrace, in
the Borough of Huddersfield, and County, of York. "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF CONSTRUCTING AND LAYING PERMANENT WAY FOR TRAM CARS AND OTHER
SIMILAR VEHICLES."
The chairs or bearers for supporting the rails are of cast iron, with a new
combination and arrangement of parts, and may be cast in lengths of suitable
dimensions.
:
The base of each bearer is a flange of concave form, open at the top, and of
breadth sufficient to ensure stability. The concavity in the flange forms a space-
wherein concrete is packed during the laying of the permanent way, as hereinafter
mentioned, whereby lateral stiffness is secured and displacement obviated.
Preparation is also made for the introduction of a gauge compelling bond. The
body or vertical portion of the bearers in the upper surface of which a groove
is formed to receive the rail, may be solid or with one or more openings formed in
them. The rails may be either of steel or iron.
In constructing the permanent way, a length of trench of suitable dimensions is
dug, in which a layer of concrete is placed. A corresponding length of rail is then
fastened to the bearers by taper spikes or other suitable means, and the rail and
bearers thus combined are placed in the trench, the flanges of the latter resting on
the layer of concrete. The former are then packed up to the required rail level,
and another layer of concrete is placed in the trench and brought up to the requisite
level to receive the pavement.
This second layer not only forms a most desirable and practically unyielding bed
for the pavement next the rails, but in conjunction with the first layer completely
surrounds the flanges of the bearers to the level of the top of the concavity, which
is also filled (through the opening in the top or otherwise, as may be found con-
venient) with similar material, both longitudinal and lateral displacement of the
bearers being thereby obviated.
After the pavement has been laid down on one side of the rails, concrete is again
packed in the opening or openings (if any are formed) in the body of and in the

page_text: intervals between the bearers to the underside of the rail, and flush with the side
of the same, a continuous wall being thereby formed to receive the remainder of
the pavement.
In order to absorb the vibration consequent upon the traffic which the tramway
is designed to receive, a layer of felt or other suitable material may be placed
between the upper surface of the bearers and the rails. The holes through which
the rails are fastened to the bearers are so formed as to admit of their expansion
and contraction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING GEAR FOR MINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Wright Pickup and James
Pilkington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th
November 1881.
PETER WRIGHT PICKUP, of Rishton, in the County of Lancaster, Mining
Engineer, and JAMES PILKINGTON, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING GEAR FOR MINES."
The object of our Invention is to provide an efficient counterpoise to the winding
ropes of engines used for raising men and coal, and other minerals or materials,
where the drum is parallel, so that the ascending and descending cages travel
equal distances in the same period of time throughout the entire lift, and also to
enable the lift to be made in less time and to lessen the risk of overwinding.
In carrying out our Invention we employ a chain, and at the underside or
bottom of each cage one of the ends of this chain is attached; the chain is of
sufficient length to allow it to hang in a bend or loop in the sump a convenient
depth below the loading stage at the bottom of the shaft. We prefer to make the
chain of a greater weight per foot run than the winding rope, so that less power is
required to raise the load at the commencement of the lift, and more power is
required towards the end of the lift, thereby enabling the lift to be made in less
time, and reducing the risk of an overwind, but the chain may be equal to (to
constitute an exact counterpoise) or less in weight per foot run than the winding
rope. The counterpoiso chain may be made of iron or steel, with links which may
be single or double, flat or round, cable or plain, so as to form a suitable chain for
the purpose. It is needful in attaching the chain to the underside or bottom of
the cages to see that the chain is applied without twists being left in it, or as few
as possible. Although one chain is sufficient in ordinary cases, I do not limit
myself to one chain, as cases will arise where two or more counterpoise chains may
be used. As there is no tendency to twist in the counterpoise chain or chains, no
guides are needed at the bottom of the shaft.