IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPERHEATING STEAM, IN ITS USE IN STEAM MOTORS, AND IN THE MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1879

page_text: Fued 24th October 1879.
In the latter of Letters Patent granted to WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the
Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of
38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPERHEATING STEAM, IN ITS USE IN
STEAM MOTORS, AND IN THE MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE."
A communication from abroad by Louis Marie Theophile Riot and Baron
Raymond Seilière, both of Paris, France, dated the 25th day of February
1970 N 762
Raymond Demere, voTH 011 0125, Franco, MO WAY CALY
1970 No. 763.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office by the said William Morgan-Brown pursuant to
the Statutes in that caso made and provided.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, the said William
Morgan-Brown, send greeting. Whereas since the filing of the Specification of the
said Invention I have ascertained that some of the improvements described therein
were not altogether new at the date of the said Letters Patent, more particularly
the mode of protecting the worms of the superheating apparatus at certain times
against the effects of excessive heat by circulating water or saturated steam
through them, which mode I claimed in the second claiming clause in the said
Specification as part of the said Invention: And whereas I am therefore desirous
of limiting the said Letters Patent so that they may not include more than is
indicated in the first claiming clause in the said Specification: And whereas the
word " when was by a clerical error omitted after the word "therein" in the
Specification in that part which occurs in line 4, page 2, of the Queen's Printers'
copy, and the word "steam" was by a clerical error written for the word "state
in that part of the Specification which occurs in line 26, page 2, of the said Printers'
copy: And whereas I am desirous of correcting the said clerical errors:
33
"
NOW THEREFORE KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, do
hereby for the reasons aforesaid disclaim and alter parts of the Title of the said
Letters Patent and parts of the said Specification in the following manner, that is
to say :-
I alter the title of the said Letters Patent by disclaiming the words "in super-
beating steam in its use in steam motors and " which come immediately after the word

page_text: "
improvements," and by striking out the words "that purpose," which are the two
last words of the said title, and substituting for these words the words "super-
heating steam," so that the title as altered will be " Improvements in the
Mechanism Employed for Superheating Steam."
I also alter in a corresponding manner the preamble of the said Specification so
that the title, as recited therein, shall also be "Improvements in the Mechanism fór
Superheating Steam."
"f.
I also substitute the word "the" for the word "this" in line 16, page 1, of the
Queen's Printers' copy of the said Specification; I also strike out the word "and"
which occurs in the same line, and insert the words "upon which the improved "
after the word "application" in the same line; and I insert "is based" after the
word "mechanism " in the same line.
I also insert the word "when" after the word "therein " in line 4, page 2; and
I substitute the word "state" for the word "steam" in line 26 of the same page.
I also insert after the word "that" in line 48, page 3, the following words :-"I
"make no claim otherwise than by the following claiming clause to protecting
"the worms against the effects of excessive heat by circulating water or saturated
steam through them."
"
I also strike out the word "First" which occurs in line 50, page 3.
I also disclaim the whole of lines 1, 2, and 3, page 4, that is to say, the words:-:
"Second. The mode of protecting the worms against the effects of excessive heat
" by circulating water or saturated steam through them, substantially as and for
"the purposes specified."
And the said Specification, when altered by Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration, as herein before stated, omitting formal parts, and as printed by the i
Queen's Printers, will read as follows:-
"COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Morgan-Brown at the
"Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1879.
"
" WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown,
Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, ;
"Rue Laffitte, Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR SUPER-
"HEATING STEAM." A communication from abroad by Louis Marie Theophile Riot,
Engineer, and Baron Raymond Seillière, both of Paris, France.
"
tr
Superheated steam is in consequence of its density and its heat greatly prefer-
"able to saturated steam of the same pressure as means for driving a motor. In
"accordance with this fact the Invention for superheating steam and its use in
" steam motors is based upon well determined principles, and is reduced to practice
by a mechanism or apparatus in which the theory derived from these physical
principles is strictly followed out to obtain with the least possible fuel the greatest
"amount of effective power of the steam.
"
66
"To obtain these advantages, the system of application upon which the improved
"mechanism is based consists,―
"1. In the employment of superheated steam as a transmitting agent for heat
" to create, by mixing it with saturated steam at a stronger pressure than it
possesses itself, a new superheated steam of proper temperature with relation to
" its pressure called rational superheated steam.
"
"2. In imparting a useful heat to the steam with regard to its pressure, that is
"to say, such an amount of heat, that with the amount of expansion possible with
"such pressure, the exhaust has just sufficient pressure to overcome the counter
pressure of the atmosphere, and thereupon retains only the smallest amount of !
"heat necessary to produce this effect.
"3. In arranging the superheating apparatus in such place that the greatest
"useful effect for superheating is obtained with the smallest space.
" 4. In arranging the parts in such manner that water can be circulated in the
"superheating apparatus while steam is being got up, which water is taken from
"the boiler and returned thereto until the requisite pressure is obtained, and also

page_text: "that saturated steam can be circulated therein when the engine is stopped, in
"order in both cases to protect the apparatus against the effects of excessive
"heat.
$5
"To give a clear understanding of these improvements, I will describe in the
"first place as example a mechanism built to carry them out, and in the second
"place, the operation of this mechanism conjointly with the four Figures of the
accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents in sectional elevation the
application of this apparatus on a portable boiler containing only one superheating
worm; Figure 2 is a similar sectional elevation shewing the application on a
"locomotive boiler with several worms, and Figure 3 is a plan, and Figure 4 a
“ front elevation of a stationary boiler with the apparatus applied thereto.
"
"

page_text: "box, then to establish a pipe 14 for supplying the saturated steam to these worms.
"The length of this pipe 14 depends on the number of worms employed, and
"I establish another similar pipe 15 for receiving the superheated steam from
." these worms. Although differently arranged this mechanism consists of the same
" elements as the one above described, and its functions are the same.
As to 6
proportions I would say that the length of each worm should not much exceed
"G6 feet with an interior diameter of 1½ inches, and an exterior diameter of
"2 inches, these pipes should be lap welded.
"
"
"
According to this application I prefer to employ several worms 1, 1, placed in
"the vault of the furnace in pairs one above the other in the same horizontal
planes, all communicating with the collecting pipes of saturated and superheated
steain 14 and 15 placed side by side. The principle of the entire arrangement
" and operation of this apparatus does not differ from that described with regard
" to Figure 1.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Referring to the above three applications to indicate that the mechanism and
new application of rational superheated steam are capable of being advantageously
employed with the ordinary kinds of boilers now in actual use, and whatever
may be the generator employed, the steam which is produced has such a pressure
" and such a temperature that in consequence of the expansion in the cylinder the
" exhaust steam retains only the heat necessary to overcome the counter pressure;
"too much superheating at such pressure is lost in great measure; it is equally
necessary to prevent the slide valve and the piston from grinding, therefore the
pressure of the superheated steam must be such that its expansion, in consequence
" of the water it produces, cools the cylinder sufficiently by again changing into
"steam, and in this manner the overheating of the parts is avoided, and the
cylinder thus becomes a real generator of useful steam. The superheated steam
generated in a worm as above described will have lost some of its final pressure;
" for this reason I employ the same as a medium in transmitting heat, and I direct
"it into the steam chest of the cylinder, where at the same time is introduced a
proper quantity of saturated steam, so that this mixture which will have
"regained its original pressure produces superheated steam, which is proved by its
"Lemperature being from 300-350 degrees with a pressure of 6 atmospheres. It
" is with steam of such pressure and a proper expansion that only just sufficient
"heat is left to the exhaust for the pressure desired. These arrangements furnish
" at the same time means of increasing the power of the machine at any desired
"moment without any extra steam on the boiler, notwithstanding this increased
consumption of power.
"
.
"E
"
68
"
"
"This facility offers great advantages especially for marine and rail road
purposes.
" The practical experiments which I have made shew that the application of this
system on any kind of motor results in a very considerable economy of fuel. In
cases where a steam generator must feed a machine, and also furnish steam for a
shop or manufactory, for instance in dyeing establishments, the apparatus will be
applied to the generator for steam feeding the motor, whilst the baths will be
"heated by saturated steam taken directly from the generator.
"
"
"
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said
." Invention and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it
understood that I make no claim otherwise than by the following claiming
clause, to protecting the worms against the effects of excessive heat by circulating
"water or saturated steam through them, what I claim is,-
CE
"The mechanism for superheating steam consisting substantially of one or more

page_text: "
worms, receiving pipes, or collectors for saturated and superheated steain, and
"suitable connections with the boiler and cylinder, all arranged substantially as
"and for the purposes set forth."
In witness whereof, 1, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the within named William Morgan-Brown,
10 to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same
relates, the within written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1879.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the within named William Morgan-Brown,
10 to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same
relates, the within written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1879.
JOHN HOLKER,
Attorney General,

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon and
Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 1, Ruo Laffitte, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SUPERHEATING STEAM IN ITS USE IN STEAM MOTORS, AND IN THE MECHANISM
EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE." A communication from abroad by Louis
Marie Theophile Riot, Engineer, and Baron Raymond Seillière, both of Paris,
France
Scaled the 23rd May 1879, and dated the 25th February 1879.
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Morgan-Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1879.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPERHEATING STEAM IN ITS USE IN STEAM MOTORS, AND IN
THE MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE." A communication from abroad
by Louis Marie Theophile Riot, Engineer, and Baron Raymond Seillière, both of
Paris, France.
Superheated steam is in consequence of its density and its heat greatly preferable
to saturated steam of the same pressure as means for driving a motor. In accord-
ance with this fact, the Invention for superheating steam and its use in steam
motors is based upon well determined principles, and is reduced to practice by a
mechanism or apparatus in which the theory derived from these physical principles
is strictly followed out to obtain with the least possible fuel the greatest amount of
effective power of the steam.
To obtain these advantages this system of application and mechanism consists,-
1. In the employment of superheated steam as a transmitting agent for heat to
create, by mixing it with saturated steam at a stronger pressure than it possesses
itself, a new superheated steam of proper temperature with relation to its pressure,
called rational superheated steam.
2. In imparting a useful heat to the steam with regard to its pressure, that is to
say, such an amount of heat, that with the amount of expansion possible with such
pressure, the exhaust has just sufficient pressure to overcome the counter pressure of
the atmosphere, and thereupon retains only the smallest amount of heat necessary
to produce this effect.
3. In arranging the superheating apparatus in such place that the greatest useful
effect for superheating is obtained with the smallest space.

page_text: 4. In arranging the parts in such manner that water can be circulated in the
superheating apparatus while steam is being got up, which water is taken from the
boiler and returned thereto until the requisite pressure is obtained, and also that
saturated steam can be circulated therein the engine is stopped, in order in both
cases to protect the apparatus against the effects of excessive heat.
To give a clear understanding of these improvements, I will describe in the first
place, as example, a mechanism built to carry them out, and in the second place the
operation of this mechanism, conjointly with the four Figures of the accompanying
Drawing, in which Figure 1 represents in sectional elevation the application of this
apparatus on a portable boiler, containing only one superheating worm; Figure 2
is a similar sectional elevation, showing the application on a locomotive boiler with
several worms; and Figure 3 is a plan; and Figure 4, a front elevation of a
stationary boiler, with the apparatus applied thereto.
For regular work the cock, 8 is closed; the saturated steam is fed through the
tube 2 into the worm 1, from whence it passes in a superheated steam through the
tube 3, which connects with the pipe 9 for saturated steam, with which the super-
heated steam is mixed before it passes into the cylinder. The cock 5 is fully opened,
whilst the extent to which the cock 10 is opened depends on the amount of power
which it is desired to obtain; in certain cases it remains entirely closed, for instance,
when the pressure in the boiler comes up to G atmospheres, and the steam can be
cut off at one seventh of the stroke of the piston. In order not to burn the worm
there is introduced therein, while steam is being got up, water from the boiler, and
during the stoppages of the machine, for the same reason, saturated steam is intro-
duced. In the first case, the cocks 5 and 10 being closed, water is admitted into
the worm by simply opening the cock 8; this water, following the opposite direction
or travel of the superheated steam, rises in the pipe 3, passes through the worin,
and flows again into the boiler through the tube 2, establishing in this manner a
continuous circulation, which protects the worm, and at the same time augments the
generation of steam. When the machine is to be put in motion the cock 8 is closed,
and then after two or three minutes the water contained in the worm flows through
the pipe 2 into the boiler, and the cocks 5 and 10 can be opened for the admission
of superheated and saturated steam, or the purging cock 6 of the pipe 3 may be
opened to let the water flow directly into any suitable vessel. In both cases, after
the machine is put in motion, the purging cocks 13 of the cylinder should be opened,
as is usually done in all steam engines. In the second case, to establish a circulation
of steam in the worm, it suffices to close the two cocks 5 and 10, whereupon,'in con-
sequence of the small diameter of the equilibrium pipe 11, this circulation commences
automatically, the steam arriving from the tubes 9, 11, and 3 in the worm, and
passing from it through the pipe 2, from whence it constantly returns to the
boiler.

page_text: According to this application, I prefer to employ several worms 1, 1, placed in the
vault of the furnace in pairs, one above the other, in the same horizontal planes, all
communicating with the collecting pipes of saturated and superheated steam 14.and
15, placed side by side. The principle of the entire arrangement and operation of
this apparatus does not differ from that described with regard to Figure I.
Referring to the above three applications to indicate that the mechanism and new
application of rational superheated steam are capable of being advantageously
employed with the ordinary kinds of boilers now in actual use, and whatever may
be the generator employed, the steam which is produced has such a pressure and
such a temperature that in consequence of the expansion in the cylinder, the exhaust
steam retains only the heat necessary to overcome the counter pressure; too much
superheating at such pressure is lost in great measure. It is equally necessary to
prevent the slido valve and the piston from grinding, therefore the pressure of the
superheated steam must be such that its expansion, in consequence of the water it
produces, cools the cylindor sufficiently by again changing into steam, and in this
manner the overheating of the parts is avoided, and the cylinder thus becomes a
real generator of useful steam. The superheated stean generated in a worin, as
above described, will have lost some of its final pressure; for this reason I employ
the same as a medium in transmitting heat, and I direct it into the steam chest of
the cylinder, where, at the same time, is introduced a proper quantity of saturated
steam, so that this mixture, which will have regained its original pressure, produces
superheated steam, which is proved by its temperature being from 300-350 degrees,
with a pressure of 6 atmospheres. It is with steam of such pressure, and a proper
expansion that only just sufficient heat is left to the exhaust for the pressure desired:
These arrangements furnish at the same time means of increasing the power of the
machine at any desired moment without any extra steam on the boiler, notwith-
standing this increased consumption of power.
This facility offers great advantages, especially for marine and rail road
purposes.
The practical experiments which I have made show that the application of this
system on any kind of motor results in a very considerable economy of fuel. In
cases where a steam generator must feed a machine, and also furnish steam for a
shop or manufactory, for instance in dyeing establishments, the apparatus will be
applied to the generator for steam feeding the motor, whilst the baths will be heated
by saturated steam taken directly from the generator.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention
and the mauner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,―
First. The mechanism for superbeating steam, consisting substantially of one or
more worms, receiving pipes, or collectors, for saturated and superheated stenin, and
suitable connections with the boiler and cylinder, all arranged substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.

page_text: Second. The mode of protecting the worms against the effects of excessive heat
by circulating water or saturated steam through them, substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)