IMPROVED MEANS OF LOCKING NUTS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bezer, of Saint John Street, Smithfield, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF
LOCKING NUTS."
Sealed the 12th July 1878, and dated the 1st May 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bezer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1878.
HENRY BEZER, of Saint John Street, Smithfield, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVED MEANS OF LOCKING NUTS."
The object of my Invention is to provide more efficient means of locking nuts on
bolts. For this purpose I make both the main nut and the lock nut or check nut
with a hole through them parallel to their axis, and in face of either of the nuts
which comes in contact with the face of the other nut I form a groove starting
from the said hole, and extending in a circular direction partly or entirely round
the face of the nut.
The edges of the hole in each nut are bevelled off at the face which comes in
contact with the other nut.
Through the two holes I pass a nail, wire, or other suitable piece or strip of metal
considerably longer than the combined thickness of the two nuts, and I prefer for
the purpose what is called a " French nail."
In applying the nuts to a bolt the two nuts, with the nail as it were connecting
them, are screwed upon the bolt until the main nut is in the required position;
then, while the main nut is held by a spanner or otherwise the lock nut is forced.
round by another spanner upon the bolt; the nail will therefore become bent, and
the bent portion will occupy so much of the groove as is contained between the
holes in the two nuts in their now altered relative positions, thus forming a lock
which will prevent all chance of the nuts working loose. The end of the nail,
which is left projecting beyond the lock or outer nut, is removed by a suitable
tool.
In some cases I make the adjoining faces of the two nuts bevelled or inclined
...J1
:

page_text: when the lock nut is turned upon the main nut to bend the nail; the action will
then be quicker in proportion to the extent of the bevel.
It is desirable that the two nuts forming a pair should be tapped while held
tightly together, and so ensure that the thread is continuous through thein.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Bezer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st November
1878.
HENRY BEZER, of Saint John Street, Smithfield, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVED MEANS OF LOCKING NUTS."
The object of my Invention is to provide more efficient means of locking nuts on
bolts. For this purpose I employ a nail, wire, or other suitable piece or strip of
metal, which, by becoming bent in grooves or recesses in the nut, forms a lock to
the same, as herein-after described.
According to one method of carrying out my Invention I make both the main
nut and the lock nut or check nut with a hole through them parallel to their axis,.
and in that face of either of the nuts which comes in contact with the face of the
other nut I form a groove starting from the said hole, and extending in a circular
direction partly or entirely round the face of the nut.
The edges of the hole in each nut are bevelled off at the face which comes in
contact with the other nut.
Through the two holes I pass the nail, wire, or other suitable piece or strip of
metal, which should be considerably longer than the combined thickness of the two
nuts, and I prefer for the purpose what is called a "French nail."
In applying the nuts to a bolt the two nuts, with the nail as it were connecting
them, are screwed upon the bolt until the main nut is in the required position;
then, while the main nut is held by a spanner or otherwise, the lock nut is forced
round by another spanner upon the bolt, the nail will therefore become bent, and
the bent portion will occupy so much of the groove as is contained between the
holes in the two nuts in their now altered relative positions, thus forming a lock
which will prevent all chance of the nuts working loose. The end of the nail,
which is left projecting beyond the lock or outer nut, is removed by a suitable
tool.
In some cases I make the adjoining faces of the two nuts bevelled or inclined;
when the lock nut is turned upon the main nut to bend the nail the action will
then be quicker, in proportion to the extent of the bevel.
It is desirable that the two nuts forming a pair should be tapped while held
tightly together, and so ensure that the thread is continuous through them.
The manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect is represented in
Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying Drawings. Figures 1 and 2 are views taken
at right angles to each other of a bolt with main nut and lock nut held thereon,

page_text: according to my Invention; Figure 3 is an end view of the same; Figure 4 is a
section of the main nut; Figure 5 represents the nail or wire used in locking.
a is the bolt; b, the main nut; and c, the lock nut; d is a hole in the nut b
parallel to its axis; e is a similar hole in the nut c; f is a circular groove in that
face of the nut 6 which comes in contact with the face of the nut c; is a similar
groove in the face of the nut c; h is the nail. This nail is passed through the holes
d and e in the two nuts, and the nuts, with the nail as it were connecting them,
are screwed upon the bolt until the main nut b is in the required position. Then
by holding the nut b with a spanner or otherwise, and forcing round the nut c upon
the bolt with another spinner the nail h becomes bent, and the bent portion will,
as seen in Figures 1 and 2, occupy so much of the grooves ƒ and g as is between
the two holes d and e in their now altered relative positions. The nail thus forms
a lock. The projecting end may be removed by a suitable tool.
In cases where the nut b is screwed up against a face or bearing, such, for
example, as a railway fish plate, I sometimes apply my Invention in the modified
form represented in Figures 6 to 10.
Figure 6 is an end view; and Figure 7, a front view of part of a pair of fish
plates with the nut on one of their fastening bolts locked by means of my Invention.
Figure 8 is a view of the inner face of the nut; Figure 9, a section of the nut ;
and Figure 10 shews the nail.
a is the bolt; b, the nut; h, the nail; i, i, the fish plates; and le, the rail.
The lock or check nut before described is dispensed with, and in the fish plate,
against which the nut b is screwed, I form a groove corresponding in depth to
the enlargement h¹ at the head of the nail h.
l
The groove f in the nut b, which groove is here shewn as extending up to the
edge of the central aperture of the nut, leads to the outer edge of the nut at two
opposite points ƒ¹, ƒ¹
In order to apply and lock the nut it is screwed upon the bolt a until it comes
in as close contact as required with the fish plate. The nut must be then turned
back, so as to bring the nearest of the two points f¹, f', of the groove f in line with
the groove in the fish plate. The nail h is next inserted, its head entering the
groove at f, and the enlargement h' taking into the groove l; and, finally, the nut
is forced round by a spanner, the result of which is that the head h' being held in
the groove l, the shank is bent round in the groove f, as seen in Figures 6 and 7;
the nut is thus locked by the nail.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the means of locking nuts, sub-
stantially as herein-before described, and represented in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bezer, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight.
HENRY BEZER. (L.S.)