Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Scouring and Dyeing Yarns, Tops, and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: · Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 21st July, 1891-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Scouring and
Dyeing Yarns, Tops, and the like.
I, WILLIAM LAIDLAW, of the firm of William Laidlaw and Sons, of Hawick,
in the County of Roxburgh. North Britain, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
.
The object of my invention is the more effectual dyeing of yarns and the like by
mechanical means in less time and, with less labour than hitherto.
I accomplish my object by placing the yarn or other material to be dyed within
a series of perforated cages secured to endless chains made to pass over pullies
attached to suitable framework which can be lifted clear of the dyevats. On
putting the pullies in motion, the endless chains carrying the perforated cages
containing the yarn or the like, cause the same to be mechanically immersed in the
dyevat any number of times so long as the machine is in motion, until the fibre
therein is effectually dyed to the satisfaction of the attendant.
Hitherto yarn has been mechanically dyed by placing the banks of yarn on two
rollers to which motion is imparted, but by this method, the yarn is subjected to a
certain amount of tension and friction under conditions which have a deleterious
effect upon the yarn so dyed.
:
By my invention the yarn or the like is placed within the perforated cages and
subjected to no-friction or tension during the operation of dyeing as the hanks. lie
loosely within the perforated cages, thus allowing the dye liquor to act evenly on
all parts, and by the cages rotating and frequent immersion, all the threads are
perfectly dyed without any detrimental effects to the yarn when dried.
The cages being carried in a self-contained framework, by my improvement I
am enabled to scour the yarn or fibre in the first instance, and then dye the same
by one and the same machine, by simply changing the apparatus from one vat to
another, or emptying the vat of the scouring liquor and then filling it with dye
liquor, the perforated cages being rotated in the manner as before described.
Dated this 18th day of October 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Scouring and
Dyeing Yarns, Tops, and the like.
I, WILLIAM LAIDLAW, of the firm of William Laidlaw and Sons, of Hawick,
in the County of Roxburgh, North Britain, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
--
The object of my invention is the more effectual scouring and dyeing of yarns,
tops and the like, by mechanical means, in less time, and with less labour than
hitherto, and consists in placing the fibre loose within a series of perforated cages
attached to endless chains passing over pullies so mounted to framework, constructed
so that it may be lifted clear of or lowered into the vat whilst, the pullies and
chains are in motion; the cages being mechanically immersed in the scouring or
dye liquor any number of times until the fibre is effectually scoured or dyed.

page_text: Hitherto yarn. has been mechanically dyed by placing the hanks of yarn on two
rollers to which motion is imparted, but by this method, the yarn is subjected to a
certain amount of tension and friction under conditions which have a deleterious
effect upon the yarn so dyed.
In describing my invention more in detail, reference is made to the accompanying
drawings in which
Fig. 1. represents a sectional elevation of my apparatus, through line a, b.
Fig. 2. is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 3. a plan, and
Fig. 4. a view of a cage suitable for holding the yarn or other fibre to be scoured
or dyed.
The tank indicated by the letter A. for holding the scouring or dye liquor may
be partly inserted below the floor line, the same as tanks of ordinary machines,
and at each corner of the tank A. is secured an angular upright bar B. for guiding
and keeping the framework C. in its position within the said tank.
To the framework C. are mounted a number of pullies D suitable for carrying
endless pitch chains E. of the usual construction, which are represented by dotted
lines, and to which are mounted on pivots a series of perforated cages F. in such
a manner that, the sides thereof are always somewhat vertical and pass through the
apparatus in the direction of the arrows.
Motion to the endless pitch chains E. may be obtained from the shaft G. mounted
on brackets H. attached to the vat A. and provided with a fast and loose pulley J.
and J. On one end of the said shaft is secured a spur wheel K. gearing into the
teeth of spur wheel K¹ and near to each end of the shaft G. is secured a pitch
chain pulley D' by which motion is communicated to the respective endless pitch
chains E. and perforated cages F. attached thereto.
The pitch chains E. are kept in contact with the teeth of the driving pitch chain
pullies D D by means of additional pullies D2 one of which is mounted at each
side of the machine on an arm L. and in such a position that, the opposite side of
the pitch chains are supported and are therefore kept in gear with the teeth of
driving pullies D¹.
To the belt fork bar M. is attached a lever N. secured on shaft P. supported by
suitable journals, and on the shaft is also secured a lever N¹ extending on the
front of the machine and terminating with an expanded or tread portion N2 so that
the operator standing at the front of machine can actuate the belt guide and
belt by means of his foot, the arm of the lever N¹ being balanced by the lever and
weight W. attached to shaft P.
The framework C. and pullies D. may be raised clear of the interior of the tank,
and by mounting the driving pullies D¹ and retaining pullies D2 in the manner
described motion is communicated to the pitch chains E. in all positions of the
framework C. and pullies D. mounted thereon.
The yarn or other fibrous material is placed in the perforated cages F. through
suitable doors formed therein, by preference when the framework C. is raised, the
endless chains E. may then be put in motion and the framework C. lowered without
stopping the endless chains, which, on continuing to rotate mechanically immerse
the perforated cages and contents in the liquor in the vat any number of times until
the fibre is effectually scoured or dyed.
By my invention the yarn, tops or the like placed within the perforated cages
are subjected to no friction or tension during the operation of scouring or dyeing,
as the hanks lie loosely within the perforated cages thus allowing the liquor to act
evenly on all parts and by frequent immersion all the threads are scoured or dyed
without any deleterious effect on the yarn when dried.
The cages being carried by a self contained framework, I am by my apparatus
enabled to scour the yarn or fibre in the first instance and then dye the same by
one and the same machine, by simply emptying the vat of the scouring liquor, and
then filling it with dye liquor, the perforated cages being rotated in the manner as
before described,

page_text: The perforated cages F. are shown parallel and square in section, but it will be
readily understood by persons conversant with dyeing that cages of different
sections may be used provided they are sufficiently perforated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same may be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A framework C. having a number of pullies D. mounted thereon, combined
with endless pitch chains E. and perforated cages F. all arranged substantially in
the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
2. The combination of the pitch chain pullies D' with the pullies D2 and the
endless pitch chains E. arranged substantially in the manner as hereinbefore set
forth.
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.