Year: 1885

page_text: We, JOHN CORNELIUS WILSON and MORRIS MARTIN, both inventors, residing
in the United States of America, the former in Boston, Massachussetts, the latter
in Malden, Massachussetts do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
Our invention is embodied in a local fire alarm apparatus or one located in a
building or collection of buildings or apartments, and the object of the invention
is to provide for the announcement at any given point, within or without the
building, the locality in which a fire has broken out, and also to announce by
a distinct signal, any derangement of the circuit over which the signals are
transmitted.
The apparatus is composed mainly of the following elements: first a series of
separate signaling instruments, which may be of the kind known as annunciator
drops, one being controlled from each apartment or partition of the building or
group of buildings from which it is intended to send a distinct signal, the said drops
of themselves constituting visual signals; second, a transmitting instrument con-
sisting of a clock work or motor the operation of which is controlled by the said
drops and which is adapted to transmit a series of different signals, one corre-
sponding to each drop of the selection of the said signals as well as the operation
of the transmitter being controlled by the said drops so that when a drop falls the
transmitter begins to operate and will continue to produce repeatedly an audible
signal corresponding to that of the drop that is fallen, the said drops being for
example distinguished by numbers, and the audible signal being a gong which
will indicate the same number by taps as in the well known fire alarm telegraph
signals. The motor of the transmitter is also controlled by the same circuit as the
annunciators but independently thereof, in such a manner that, the breaking or
grounding of the circuit or the weakening of the circuit will cause the said motor
to operate, and it will in thus operating produce a signal distinct from the fire
alarm signals to indicate that the circuit or battery requires inspection.
Other devices are also employed which will be more fully described, by which
in the event of the weakening of the battery or grounding of the circuit, the
transmitter will still be enabled to transmit a signal upon the breaking out of
a fire

page_text: "
The devices herein to be described for controlling the signaling instruments are
- what is commonly known as "thermostats one or more of which, as circumstances
may require, being arranged in circuit with each signaling instrument while each
individually act to operate the signaling instruments with which it is in circuit,
and it is one of the objects of this invention to construct a thermostat especially
applicable to this system, and which when subjected to changes in temperature
will produce a change in the electric circuit to thereby actuate the signaling
instruments.
The operation of the thermostatic circuit controlling device is produced by the
expansion or vaporization of a volatile liquid which may be chosen to operate at
any desired temperature, the apparatus consisting essentially of a metallic reservoir
or chamber having a flexible side or face which is caused to bulge outward when
the liquid contained in the reservoir vaporizes, the said reservoir being supported
in a frame which also supports the circuit changing device operated by the
movement of the flexible face of the reservoir.
The said circuit controlling device consists in this instance of a pivoted arm
moving with sufficient friction on its pivot to remain in whatever position it is
last placed until positively moved therefrom the said arm being engaged and moved
by the flexible side of the reservoir and preferably co-operating with two contact
points by which it first opens and then closes the circuit controlled by it in its
movement produced by the expansion of the reservoir, it being intended to
co-operate with signaling apparatus in which the signaling device is made operative
by a momentary change in a circuit such as would be produced by the herein
described instrument but is not made effective to produce fire alarm signals by
a permanent change in the circuit such as might be produced by an accident to
the wires or apparatus.
The reservoir for the volatile liquid preferably consists of two disks united at
their edges one of the said disks being thick and comparatively rigid so that the
expansive force of the enclosed fluid produces its effect almost entirely on the
other side and when placed in the buildings the thicker or rigid face will pre-
ferably be placed outward or exposed, and the circuit controlling device or switch
will be at the rear of the reservoir and concealed from view by the same.
The said circuit controlling device is preferably provided with a projection or
finger extending through the frame-work to the front or exposed side of the
instrument so that its condition may be observed, and so that it may also be
restored to the proper position, if it has been accidentally moved therefrom, without
deranging the instrument.
The invention consists in the combination of a series of visual indicating signal
instrument each of which when operated shows that a change has been made in an
electric circuit extending from said instruments to a locality corresponding to the
said instrument, and a multiple signal transmitting apparatus, and means governed
by the indicating instrumeut controlling the operation of the said transmitting
apparatus, which is caused to transmit or produce a different audible signal for
each visual instrument corresponding to the indication of the said instrument,
substantially as will be described.
Also in an electric circuit and visual signaling instrument composed of an electro
magnet in the said circuit, and a drop or indicator normally kept concealed by the
said magnet but moving into position to be displayed when the condition of the
magnet is changed and requiring an extraneous force to restore it to its concealed
position under control of the magnet, combined with a normally open shunt circuit
around the said magnet controlled by the said instrument which closes the said
shunt when operated to display the signal and retains the shunt closed until the
signal is restored to its normally concealed position, substantially as will be described.
Also in the combination with a visual indicating signaling instrument which
when operated shows that a change has been made in an electric circuit connected
therewith, of a signal transmitting instrument comprising a motor and break
circuit device actuated thereby, and a signaling instrument and normally open-or

page_text: inoperative circuit connecting it with the transmitting instrument, and a circuit
closer in the latter, circuit, operated by the visual signaling instrument which
renders the said circuit operative when the visual instrument is operated, sub❤
stantially as will be described.
Also in the combination of a visual indicating signal with a transmitting
instrument consisting of a motor and controlling electro-magnet, and a normally
open branch circuit or shunt around the said magnet, and circuit closer therein,
controlled by the said visual indicating signal, whereby the said transmitting
instrument is set in operation when the visual signal is operated, substantially as
will be described.
Also in the combination of a series of visual indicating instruments having con-
trolling magnets in a normally closed electric circuit and shunts of low resistance
around said magnets, combined with a transmitting instrument, and circuit
controlling instruments operated by the visual instruments controlling both the
operation of the transmitting instrument and the circuit over which it transmits
its signal, substantially as described.
Also in a signal transmitting instrument comprising a mechanical motor and
controlling electro-magnet therefor, included in a normally closed main circuit
having a normally open shunt circuit, combined with a visual signal operated by
the said motor which is set in operation by the breaking of the main circuit or
closing of the shunt, substantially as will be described.
Also in a signal transmitting instrument operated by a mechanical motor and
provided with a releasing electro-magnet in a closed electric circuit, the said electro
magnet having a controlling shunt around its coils, the said shunt containing two
circuit controllers one of which is normally closed and is mechanically opened by
engagement with the said mechanical motor, and the other of which is normally
open and is closed by the release of the armature of an electro-magnet forming a
component part of one of the said circuit controllers, substantially as described.
Also in an automatic fire alarm apparatus, a signal transmitting instrument and
electro-magnet controlling the operation thereof and a normally closed electro
circuit including the said controlling electro-magnet, and a normally opened shunt
for the said controlling magnet, combined with an indicating electro magnet
included in the said circuit adjusted to be operated by a predetermined weakening
of the circuit, and a circuit closer operated thereby for the shunt of the transmitter
controlling magnet, substantially as will be described.
Also in a series of signaling instruments and a normally closed grounded eléctric
circuit controlling the operation thereof, combined with an indicating eléctro-
magnet included in circuit between the said instruments and the ground and an
electric switch and actuating mechanism therefor controlled by the said indicating
magnet by which the line wire is disengaged from the ground, substantially as will
be described.
Also in a transmitting instrument comprising a motor and break wheel for
contact surfaces actuated thereby and a series of contact springs co-operating with
different portions of the said contact surfaces, combined with a series of visual
signals each operated by a change in an electric circuit connected therewith and
each controlling the circuit of one of the said contact springs, substantially as will
be described.
Also in a signal apparatus, a motor and controlling electro-magnet therefor,
combined with an audible signaling device mechanically actuated by the said.
motor, a visual signal device normally concealed and releasing mechanism therefor
operated by the said motor which releases the said visual signal permitting it to
be displayed at the end of a period of operation of the motor, substantially as will
be described.
Also in a metallic electric circuit or loop including a battery and an indicating
electro-magnet, the said circuit being normally connected with the ground at a point
between one of the poles of the battery, and one of the terminals of the coils of
the said electro-magnet and the said battery having a normally open earth branch

page_text: indicator which consists of a plate or disk provided with a distinguishing character,
such for instance as a number or letter supported on a pivoted lever a¹ which is
held when engaged by the latch in position to keep the characterized plate
concealed.
When the magnet is energized, the attraction of its poles acting on opposite sides
of the armature above and below its pivot turns the said armature on its pivot a
sufficient distance to disengage the latch, when the characterized plate will fall by
gravity, turning the arm a¹ on its pivot, and coming into proper position to be seen
through a suitable opening in the enclosing case.
It is obvious however that any other kind of indicating instrument might be
employed, the invention not depending on the mechanical construction of the said
instrument, the form shown being merely selected as one well adapted to co-operate
with the other parts of the apparatus.
The shunt circuit from each instrument a passes to the apartement or locality
for which the said instrument is to indicate, one for instance passing through each
floor of a building and containing any desired number of circuit breakers T which
are preferably of the class known as thermostats to be hereinafter described, they
being operated by an increase or rise in temperature such as would be produced by
the breaking out of a fire.
By the breaking of one of the shunt circuits the whole current is caused to pass
through the corresponding instrument a energizing its magnet and causing the
armature thereof to turn on its pivot releasing the drop signal which then falls
into position to be seen in the usual manner, indicating which shunt circuit has
been broken, and thus showing the locality in which the fire has broken out.
The arm a¹ of each of the annunciator instruments a operates a series of circuit
changers the object of which will be hereafter explained, the said circuit changers
consisting in this instance of spring contact pieces operated by a cam like pro-
jection a² on the arbor of the arm a' although it is obvious that one movement of
the said arm might change a circuit in various ways the invention not being
limited to the mechanism herein employed.
One of the said circuit changers as b closes a shunt around the corresponding
drop magnet thereby removing its resistance from the circuit immediately after it
has been operated to release the drop.
Another of the said circuit changers as c controls the transmitting instrument d
consisting, of a clock-work or motor actuating a break-wheel or signaling surface e
of peculiar construction the said clock-work being normally arrested or held
inoperative by an electro-magnet f which may be called the controlling magnet
and is shown as included in the main circuit and normally magnetized, the circuit
changers c being each adapted when operated by the fall of a drop to close a sbunt
around the said controlling magnet thereby demagnetizing it and causing it to
release the instrument d setting the wheel e in continuous rotation.
The armature lever of the magnet f'engages the oscillating fan on pendulum d¹
of the motor d. The wheel e is made long enough in the direction of its axis of
rotation to co-operate with a series of contact springs g' g² g³ one corresponding
with each of the instruments a.
The teeth or projecting portions of the wheel that touch the spring or pins g¹ etc,
do not all extend across its entire width, but only one of the said teeth extends
wholly across the drum it co-operating with all the springs and being the only
tooth that co-operates with the spring g¹.
As shown in this instance two teeth have sufficient extent to co-operate with the
spring g' and three teeth with the spring g³ see Fig. 3. The wheel and spring
g1 g etc, constitutes a multiple signal transmitting device or one which is capable
of transmitting any desired one of a series of different determinate signals, each of
the said springs and the portion of the break-wheel co-operating with it constituting
a signal transmitting device controlling the circuit of a signaling instrument shown

page_text: '
(
in this instance as a gong h, which when the apparatus is used in connection with
a building in a city may be placed outside the building in the street and will sound
an alarm that may be heard throughout the entire neighbourhood.
The circuit from the springs g¹ g³ g³ passes in independent branches through the
circuit closers i controlled by the instruments a so that it is only when one of the
said circuit closers is closed by the fall of the corresponding drop that the corre-
sponding spring will co-operate with the wheel to give a signal..
The magnet h' of the signal h is preferably also included in the main circuit,
and the wheel e operates to close a shunt and thus demagnetize the magnet of the
said signal breaking and closing the shunt as each tooth passes under the spring.
The circuit closer i at the drop instrument a numbered one indicating for
instance that the fire is in the first floor of the building, connects the spring g¹ in
circuit with the signal magnet h¹ and as but one tooth of the wheel e reaches the
Baid spring, the said signal will give a signal tap repeated at each rotation of the
wheel, also indicating that the fire is on the first floor.
In a similar manner the drop instrument numbered two for the second floor,
connects the spring g' in circuit with the signal h and the said spring being acted
upon by two teeth of the wheel e will strike two taps repeated at each rotation of
the wheel, and so on, the audible signal corresponding in each case to the visual
signal and indicating by number a particular apartement or floor of a building
or a particular building of a group of buildings as in a large manufacturing
establishment.
The circuits are shown in full in Fig. 6, in which the circuit over which the
current normally flows is shown in heavier lines than the branches or derived
currents.
The circuit wire 2 from one pole of the battery B passes to and through the
magnets of the signal instrument a and thence is continued by wire 3 to the
magnet h¹ thence by wire 4 to the controlling magnet 8 of the transmitting instru-
ment thence by wire 5 to an indicating magnet ke for indicating the weakening or
grounding of the circuit as hereinafter explained, and thence by wire 6 to the
ground, the other pole of the battery B being connected by wire 7 with the ground
and thus completing the circuit.
The coils of the-magnets d are normally shunted by branch circuits 8 of low
resistance each containing one or more circuit breakers T of any suitable character.
The circuit closers b control shunts 9 for the magnets of the instruments a the
said shunts being closed by the falling of the drop or operation of the signal caused
by the breaking of the drop or operation of the signal caused by the breaking of
the corresponding shunt 8 as before described, and thus removing the resistance of
the magnet from the circuit immediately after it has been energized to operate the
signal.
The wire 3 at one side of the magnet h¹ of the audible signal is connected
by wire 10 with one member of each of the circuit closers i the other members of
which are respectively connected by wires 12 with the springs g¹ g³ etc, co-operating
with the break-wheel e which is itself connected by wire 13 with the wire 4 at the
other side of the magnet h¹ so that when any one of the circuit closers i has been
closed by the operation of the corresponding drop, the shunt 10, 12, 13 of the
magnet h¹ will be closed whenever a projection of the wheel passes under the corre-
'sponding springs g¹ g³ etc. the circuit of which is closed at i thus demagnetizing the
said magnet h' and causing it to be subsequently magnetized when the projection
of the wheel passes the spring, so that a series of blows will be struck on the
signal h at each rotation of the wheel e corresponding to the number of projections
of the said wheel that co-operate with the particular springs g¹ g² etc of which the
circuit is closed at i.
The entire current normally passes through the magnet f the armature of which
is thus held attracted and bears on the fly or pendulum & of the wheel-work of the
transmitter preventing the said wheel-work from moving.
·

page_text: The wires 4, 5, at either side of the said magnet ƒ are connected by wires 14, 15
with the opposite members of the circuit closers c so that when any one of the said
circuit closers is operated by the fall of one of the drops, the shunt 14, 15 of
the magnet fis closed demagnetizing the said magnet and causing its armature to
release the train of the wheel-work.
Thus in the normal operation of the apparatus the breaking of one of the
shunts 8 causes the entire current to pass through the magnet of the corresponding
drop instrument a causing its drop to fall, and the latter in turn closing the corre-
sponding circuit closers b, i, c, the former of which b again shunts the drop magnet,
the second of which i completes the shunt of the magnet has far as one of the
springs of the break-wheel, and the latter c shunts the magnet f thus permitting
the said break-wheel to be set in motion to transmit the signal to the gong h which
signal corresponds with the drop that has fallen.
The remaining appliances are for indicating a defect in the circuit and for
remedying such defect as far as can be done automatically. The indicating
magnet k is included in the normally closed circuit and the retractor of its
armature is so adjusted that it will fall away when the current approaches a
state of weakness that might interfere with the proper operation of the remaining
apparatus, but while it is still strong enough to operate the other instruments.
The said magnet k is placed in the circuit between all the other instruments and
the ground, so that if the line is grounded at any point the magnet k will be short
circuited and thus release its armature which controls a shunt 16, 17, for the
magnet short circuiting the said magnet and thus releasing the motor of the
transmitting instrument.
It will be seen that the breaking of the main circuit will also cause the
demagnetization of the magnet f and consequently the release of the motor d,
but when the said motor is released otherwise than by the fall of one of the drops,
the shunts 10, 12, 13 for the magnet h will remain open at i so that no signal will
be transmitted to the gong h although the break-wheel continues to revolve.
The said break-wheel or some part of the motor d is adapted when released to
operate a local alarm signal shown in Fig. 1 as consisting of a bell n the hammer n¹
of which is operated by a series of pins n² on the break-wheel e thus producing a
continuous series of taps on the bell n whenever the said motor is set in operation,
and calling attention to a defect in the circuit or weakening of the current when
the said signal operates without the previous or accompanying operation of one of
the signals a or the signals h.
The motor d is also adapted to operate a visual signal shown as a drop or hinged
plate o at the underside of the box A it being provided with a hook or projection o
see Figs. 1 and 4, engaged by an arm o extending from a rock-shaft o³ provided
with an arm o in position to be engaged and operated by a projection p from one
of the slow moving wheels of the train of wheel work in the instrument d.
Thus when the said instrument is released and runs for a short length of time,
the projection p will strike the arm o*, shown in plan view Fig. 4, turning the
rock-shaft o and the arm o³ sufficiently to disengage the latter from the hook o¹
permitting the said signal o to drop, and by dropping outside of the case affording
a further indication of the derangement of the circuit.
In order that the train may be stopped while the spring or actuator has sufficient
power to transmit a signal in case a fire should subsequently occur the shunt 16, 17
controlled by the magnet k is provided with a switch 7 operated by the projection
or some other part of the train of wheel-work to open the said shunt, and thus
permit the magnet f to be again magnetized, stopping the train while its actuating
weight or spring is still in condition to move it further in case a fire alarm is to be
given.
Just before the switch r is opened the clock-work operates by a projection p' or
otherwise a pair of switches m, m¹ mechanically connected together but insulated
from one another, the former of which opens the ground wire 6 removing the

page_text: ground from the extremity of the line remote from the battery, and the latter m¹
connects the wire 18 from an intermediate point in the battery with the said.
terminal or extremity of the line thus dividing the battery into two parts so that
in case the main line has been grounded at any point it will now constitute two
independent grounded circuits, one or the other of which will operate the instru-
ments in case a fire alarm is to be transmitted.
One of the said circuits would include the portion of the battery between the
wires 7 and 18 passing from the ground G over wire 7 through the said portion of
the battery and thence by wires 18, 6, 5 and so forth over the main circuit
previously traced to the grounded point on the said circuit, while the remainder
of the main circuit beyond the grounded point would include the portion of the
battery between the wires 2 and 18, or it would contain the entire battery in case
the main circuit between the grounded point and the wire 18 should be broken.
After the transmitter has been operated either to produce an alarm, or owing to
a derangement of the circuit, it will be again wound up by the inspector who will
set it in proper position and will restore the signal o and switches r, m, m¹, to their
normal condition..
The circuit will preferably contain a galvanometer u for indicating the strength
of the current.
'
i
The circuit controlling device designated by letter of reference T in Fig. 6, will
now be described together with its mode of operation and also the method by
which a certain portion of it is constructed.
The framework of the instrument consists of a ring 20 shown in this instance
as of sheet metal struck up in dies to the proper shape and having connected with
it and extending diametricaly across it a bar 21 of insulating material.
The said bar 21 is fastened to the ring 20 by binding screws 22, 23 insulated
from the said ring, and adapted to be connected with the terminals of the circuit or
branch circuit to be controlled by the instrument.
The binding screw 23 is electrically connected with a contact piece consisting of
an ear 24 extending up at one side of the insulated bar 21 and being continually in
contact with one arm of a pivoted circuit controlling device consisting in this
instance of a metal switch lever 25 pivoted at 26 on the said bar. The other arm
of the lever 25 co-operates with a metal contact piece 27 connected with the other
binding screw 22 and having two portions 28, 29 which are touched by the lever 25
when in its extreme different position, the said portions 28, 29, having a depressed
port or recess 30 between them at the end of the lever, so that the latter in its
movement from one to the other by the said portions 28, 29 will be wholly
disconnected from the contact piece 27 for a moment and at the end of its
movement will be again connected therewith.
A projection 31 integral with the contact piece 27 arrests the lever 25 in its
movement when it is in contact with the portion 29 of said contact piece 27 and a
slight rib or projection 32 resists the movement of the lever and prevents it from
jarring or being accidentally removed from the portion 29 until positively removed
therefrom.
Thus when the lever 25 is in either of its extreme positions it closes the circuit
between the contact screws 22, 23 and in its movement from one to the other of
the said positions it momentarily opens and immediately thereafter closes the said
circuit.
The lever or arm 25 is moved from its position in contact with the portion 28 to
its position in contact with the portion 29 by an increase in the temperature in the
neighborhood of the instrument, affecting a volatile liquid in a reservoir 33
composed of two sheet metal disks.34, 35, the former of which is considerably
thicker and more rigid than the latter which is very flexible.
The rigid disk 34 is preferably corrugated as shown in Fig. 7 to give it greater
stiffness as well as to improve its appearance, and the said disk is of proper size to
be received within the ring or annular frame 20 and retained in position by the

page_text: said ring, which overlaps its outer edge and the bar 21 which extends across its
inner or flexible side, the said bar being sufficiently recessed at its middle portion
as shown by the dotted line Fig. 7 to permit the expansion or bulging of the
flexible face 35 of the reservoir when the enclosed liquid is vaporized.
The lever or arm 25 has a projection 36 which receives the pressure of the
flexible face of the reservoir in expanding causing the said arm to turn on its
pivot. By slightly unscrewing the nuts 37, 38 of the binding screws the
reservoir 33 may be slipped out from the case and another inserted, thus enabling
a reservoir containing a liquid which vaporizes at any desired temperature to be
applied without any other change in the instrument, thus giving the said
instrument any desired degree of sensitiveness.
The lever or arm 25 has a projection or finger 40 extending through an opening
in the rings 20 so as to be seen from the face of the said ring, and thus indicate
the position of the switch lever or arm 25 from the face of the instrument seen in
Fig. 8 also enabling the said arm to be moved from the face of the instrument if
desired.
The ring 20 may be provided with a back cap or cover 41, see Fig. 7 which
encloses the operative parts, and the exposed face of the instrument, shown in
Fig. 8, is of ornamental appearance producing no disfigurement to the wall or
ceiling of the building in which it may be used.
The instrument is herein shown as arranged to break a normally closed, circuit
in order to produce an alarm, as shown in diagram Fig. 11 and the circuit
controlling device 25 makes its electrical connections with a rubbing contact
making the instrument far more reliable than others of this class in which the
electrical connection is made by one part pressing against another, which latter
instruments are likely to fail on account of an accumulation of dust or other
non-conducting material on the contact points which are likely to remain for a
long period of time without being operated.
As will be seen from said Fig. 10, the wiper 25 actuated by a rise in temperature
moves from 28 to 29 and in so doing momentary breaks the circuit at the point 30.
The entire circuit controlling devices are connected with and supported in thè
frame-work of the instrument independent of the reservoir which actuates the
said devices and which may be removed from the frame-work without disturbing
them.
The reservoir 33 is preferably made of two metallic plates or disks 34, 35 united
around their edges by solder thus forming a chamber to contain volatile liquid,
and it is necessary to provide means for introducing the liquid to the said
chamber, and subsequently sealing the latter tightly.
As the liquid employed usually volatilizes at a very low temperature, it is
difficult, if not impossible, to unite the portions of the reservoir by solder after the
liquid has been placed between them, owing to the heat required for soldering, and
instruments of this kind have been devised in which the reservoir is provided with
a screw hole through which the liquid is inserted and which is afterwards sealed
by applying a screw in the said hole.
This construction is expensive and does not always afford an absolutely tight
reservoir as is essential for the proper operation of the instrument.
In order to introduce the volatile liquid into the reservoir in accordance with
this invention, the said reservoir is provided with a small hole 55 near one edge
and the liquid is introduced by immersing the said reservoir in the liquid and
pressing the sides of the reservoir together in order to expel the air so that when
the pressure is relieved, the reservoir by its natural elasticity will expand and draw
in a sufficient portion of the volatile liquid.
The reservoirs 33 thus filled with liquid are then placed in a cool body 50
preferably cold water or a freezing mixture which surrounds them nearly up to the
level of the holes 55 through which the liquid was introduced, the portion of the
reservoir containing the said hole projecting above the cool body.

page_text: The hole 55 may then be closed by soldering in the usual manner, the cool body
surrounding the main portion of the reservoir preventing the contained liquid from
being volatilized by the heat applied to the upper edge of the reservoir for the
purpose of soldering.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First. The combination of a series of visual indicating signal instruments each of
which when operated shows that a change has been made in an electric circuit
extending from said instruments to a locality corresponding to the said instrument,
and a multiple signal transmitting apparatus, and means governed by the indicating
instruments controlling the operation of the said transmitting apparatus, which is
caused to transmit or produce a different audible signal for visual instrument
corresponding to the indication of the said instrument, substantially as described.
Second. An electric circuit and visual signaling instrument composed of an
electro-magnet in the said circuit and a drop or indicator normally kept concealed
by the said magnet but moving into position to be displayed when the condition
of the said magnet is changed and requiring an extraneous force to restore it to its
concealed position under control of the magnet, combined with a normally open
shunt circuit around the said magnet controlled by the said instrument which
closes the said shunt when operated to display the signal and retains the shunt
closed until the signal is restored to its normally concealed position, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
Third. The combination with a visual indicating signaling instrument which
when operated shows that a change has been made in an electric circuit connected
therewith, of a signal transmitting instrument comprising a motor and break
circuit device actuated thereby, and a signaling instrument and normally open or
inoperative circuit connecting it with the transmitting instrument, and a circuit
closer in the latter circuit, operated by the visual signaling instrument which
renders the said circuit operative when the visual instrument is operated, sub-
stantially as described.
Fourth. The combination of a visual indicating signal with a transmitting
instrument consisting of a motor and controlling electro-magnet, and a normally
open branch circuit or shunt around the said magnet, and circuit closer therein,
controlled by the said visual indicating signal, whereby the said transmitting
instrument is set in operation when the visual signal is operated substantially as
described.
Fifth. The combination of a series of visual indicating instruments having
controlling magnets in a normally closed electric circuit and shunts of low
resistance around said magnets, combined with a transmitting instrument, and
circuit controlling instruments operated by the visual instruments controlling both
the operation of the transmitting instrument and the circuit over which it transmits
its signal, substantially as described.
Sixth. A signal transmitting instrument comprising a mechanical motor and
controlling electro-magnet therefor, included in a normally closed main circuit
having a normally open shunt circuit, combined with a visual signal operated by
the said motor which is set in operation by the breaking of the main circuit or
closing of the shunt, substantially as described.
Seventh. A signal transmitting instrument operated by a mechanical motor
and provided with a releasing electro-magnet in a closed electric circuit, the
said electro-magnet having a controlling shunt 16, 17 around its coil, the said
shunt containing two circuit controllers, one of which is normally closed and is
mechanically opened by engagement with the said mechanical motor, and the other
of which is normally open and is closed by the release of the armature of an
electro-magnet forming a component part of one of the said circuit controllers,
substantially as described.

page_text: Eighth. In an automatic fire alarm apparatus a signal transmitting instrument
and electro-magnet controlling the operation thereof and a normally closed electric
circuit including the said controlling electro-magnet, and a normally opened shunt
for the said controlling magnet, combined with an indicating electro-magnet
included in the said circuit adjusted to be operated by a predetermined weakening
of the circuit, and a circuit closer operated thereby for the shunt of the transmitter
controlling magnet, substantially as described.
Ninth. A series of signaling instruments and a normally closed grounded
electric circuit controlling the operation thereof, combined with an indicating
electro-magnet included in circuit between the said instruments and the ground
and an electric switch and actuating mechanism therefor controlled by the said
indicating magnet by which the line wire is disengaged from the ground, sub-
stantially as described.
Tenth. A transmitting instrument comprising a motor and break wheel for
contact surfaces actuated thereby and a series of contact springs co-operating with
different portions of the said contact surfaces, combined with a series of visual
signals each operated by a change in an electric circuit connected therewith and
each controlling the circuit of one of the said contact springs, substantially as
described.
Eleventh. In a signal apparatus a motor and controlling electro-magnet therefor,
combined with an audible signaling device mechanically actuated by the said
motor A visual signal device normally concealed and releasing mechanism there-
for operated by the said motor which releases the said visual signal permitting it
to be displayed at the end of a period of operation of the motor, substantially as
described.
Twelfth. A metallic electric circuit or loop including a battery and an indicating
electro-magnet, the said circuit being normally connected with the ground at a
point between one of the poles of the battery, and one of the terminals of the coils
of the said electro-magnet and the said battery having a normally open earth
branch connected at or near its centre, combined with an electric switch adapted
to be engaged by a motor mechanism and operated thereby to break the said
normal connection of the circuit with the ground and to close the said normally
disconnected ground branch, substantially as described.
Thirteenth. A normally closed and grounded electric circuit including signal
transmitting instruments, and having a battery in the said circuit in proximity to
one of its terminals, and an indicating electro-magnet in the same circuit in
proximity to its other terminal, combined with a motor mechanism and releasing
electro-magnet therefor controlled by the armature of the said indicating electro-
magnet substantially as described.
Fourteenth. In an electric circuit, a device for fire alarm apparatus actuated by
a rise in temperature to automatically change the condition of the circuit and
immediately thereafter restore it to its normal condition, substantially as described.
Fifteenth. In a thermostatic circuit controlling instrument for fire alarm
apparatus, the combination of an actuating device sensitive to a rise in tempera-
ture, with two contact pieces connected with the terminals of the circuit controlled
by the instrument, and a pivoted lever always in contact with one of the said
contact pieces, and having one end movable with relation to the other contact
piece, which has two contact portions separated by an intervening recess, the
movable lever being in contact with the said contact piece when in its extreme
positions and breaking the electrical connection while moving from one to the other
position, substantially as described.
Sixteenth. A thermostatic circuit controlling instrument for fire alarm apparatus
consisting of a frame and circuit controlling devices connected therewith, and
a metallic reservoir supported by and detachable from said frame, containing
a volatile liquid and having a flexible face which is distorted or bulged by
the volatilization of the enclosed liquid thereby actuating the circuit controlling
devices, substantially as described.

page_text: Seventeenth. The herein described improvement in the art or method of manu-
facturing thermostatic instruments for fire alarm apparatus which consists in
introducing a liquid into a metallic reservoir through a hole in the said reservoir;
surrounding the reservoir with cooling material; and sealing the said hole while
the reservoir is in the cooling material, substantially as described.