THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE COLOURING SUBSTANCE AND THE DERIVATIVES THEREOF."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michel Edmond Savigny, Chemist, and Alfred Charles
Collineau, Doctor in Medicine, both of Boulevard Saint Denis, No. 1, at Paris,
for the Invention of "THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE
COLOURING SUBSTANCE AND THE DERIVATIVES THEREOF."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michel Edmond Savigny and
Alfred Charles Collineau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
19th February 1877.
MICHEL EDMOND SAVIGNY, Chemist, and ALFRED CHARLES COLLINEAU, Doctor
in Medicine, both of Boulevard S Denis, No. 1, at Paris. "THE MANUFACTURE
OF AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE COLOURING SUBSTANCE AND THE DERIVATIVES
THEREOF."
:
Our Invention has for object the preparation of a perfectly innocuous vegetable
coloring matter, both in the necessary manipulations for its manufacture and in its
applications. We extract this substance from red cabbage or from brocoli, and for
this reason we give it the name of "cauline," from the Latin caulis (cabbage).
In the preparation of this substance we proceed as follows:-We remove the
heart of the cabbage or brocoli and the stalks of the leaves, and these leaves and
stalks we cut in small pieces, and then throw them into boiling water in about the
proportion of 3 lbs. avoirdupois (1,500 grammes) of cabbage leaves to 5 pints
(3 litres) of water; this infusion we leave to macerate for about twenty-four hours,
when we remove the leaves and subject them to pressure so as to extract the juice,
which we mix with or add to the infusion already obtained. The liquor thus
obtained is of an intense blue violet color, and constitutes the cauline which is the
base of a series of derivatives, as herein-after described, according to its treatment
with this or that different material to obtain this or that color.
We will now describe the principal derivatives which we obtain by treating the
cauline by different ingredients, alone or in combination, which have the property,
in combination with this "base" liquor, of producing certain precipitates diversely
colored immediately applicable for painting, printing, dyeing, and the like.
Baru-cauline Bright Green Color (No. 1).-To obtain this derivative we take
1.34 lbs. troy (500 grammnes) of cold cauline, and add thereto 31 grains (2 grammes)

page_text: of caustic baryta; this will rapidly produce a very abundant bright green preci-
pitate amounting to about 16 ozs. (50 grammes); this precipitate, as also those
hereafter specified, is immediately applicable, as before stated, for painting, printing,
dyeing, and the like by all the ordinary processes, that is, employing indiferently or
as may be required gums, glue or size, oils, essences, varnish, or other ordinary or
known vehicles.
Chloro-calci-cauline Blue Green (No. 2).-To 1.34 lbs. (500 grammes) of cold
cauline is added 3-216 ozs. (100 grammes) of chloride of calcium, anhydride or des-
sicated;
this instantly produces a precipitate of small quantity of a blue green color.
The liquor is now evaporated, and the residue is the chloro-calci-cauline, which may
be utilised as described for the precipitate-No. 1.
i
Ammonio-chloro-calci-cauline: Mixed Green (No. 3).--This is obtained by
treating the preceding precipitate or residue (chloro-calci-cauline) by some drops of
ammonia.
Baru-cauline Zinguée: Pale Green (No. 4).-To the baru-cauline obtained
according to the treatment No. 1, above described, is added 6-43 dwt. (10 grammes)
of white oxide of zinc.
Mangano-cauline: False Bronze Green (No. 5).-To 1.34 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 3.216 ozs. (100 grammes) of chloride of manganese and 3.215 dwt.
(5 grammes) of baryta; this produces a chloride of barium and a protoxyde of
manganese, which in the presence of the cauline is of a false bronze green, and is
precipitated.
Chloro-carbo-cauline: Bronze Green (No. 6).-To 134 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 1.6 ozs. (50 grammes) of per-chloride of iron, 16 ozs. (50 grammes)
of chloride of zinc, and 12.86 dwt. (20 grammes) of carbonate of soda; this produces
chloride of sodium, which is in solution, and a double precipitate of carbonate of
iron and zinc, which in presence of the cauline is of a bronze green color.
Ferro-carbo-cauline: Green Brown (No. 7).-To 1.34 lbs. (500 grammes) of cauline
is added 3-216 ozs. (100 grammes) of per-chloride of iron and 16075 dwt. (25
grammes) of carbonate of soda; this forms a chloride of sodium, which is in solution,
and a carbonate of iron is precipitated of a green brown color.
Zinco-carbo-cauline: Ultramarine Blue (No. 8).-To 1.34 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 3.216 ozs. (100 grammes) of crystilized chloride of zinc and
16-075 dwt. (25 grammes) of carbonate of soda; the chloride of sodium formed is in
solution, and the carbonate of zinc is precipitated of a blue color in presence of the
cauline.
Mangano-carbo-cauline: Pale or Light Blue (No. 9).-To 1.34 lbs. (500 grammes)
of cauline is added 3.216 ozs. (100 grames) of chloride of manganese and
16-075 dwt. (25 grammes) of carbonate of soda; this produces chloride of sodium;
which is in solution, and carbonate of manganese, which is precipitated, of a pale
blue color.
Chloro-stanno-cauline: Violet (No. 10).-To 1.34 lbs. (500 grammes) of cauline is
added 3-216 ozs. (100 grammes) of proto-chloride of tin; this immediately produces
from the body of the liquor a violet precipitate.
Ammonio-chloro-cauline: Rose or Red (No. 11).-To 1.34 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 16 ozs. (50 grammes) of phosphate of ammonia and 16 ozs.
(50 grammes) of per-chloride of iron; this forms a chlor-hydrate of ammonia in solu-
tion and a phosphate of iron, which is precipitated and of a pearl grey color, and
may be used directly. The liquor itself from this treatment is of a rich rose color,
and is the required ammonio-chloro-cauline.
We have thus shown the essential character of the cauline and its derivatives to
be perfectly innocuous, while the ordinary corresponding colors, as is well known,
are very dangerous both in the manufacture and use.
While we have described the principal derivatives of the cauline, it will be under- 5
stood that by treating it with various other re-agents there may be obtained a series
of precipitates variously colored and of perfectly harmless nature.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Michel Edmond Savigny and Alfred Charles Collineau in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 18th August 1877.
MICHEL EDMOND SAVIGNY, Chemist, and ALFRED CHARLES COLLINEAU, Doctor
in Medicine, both of Boulevard St Denis, No. 1, at Paris. "THE MANUFACTURE
OF AN IMPROVED VEGETABLE COLOURING SUBSTANCE AND THE DERIVATIVES
THEREOF."
Our Invention has for its object the preparation of a perfectly innocuous.
vegetable coloring matter, both in the necessary manipulations for its manufacture
and in its applications. We extract this substance from red cabbage or from
brocoli, and for this reason we give it the name of "cauline," from the Latin caulis
(cabbage).
In the preparation of this substance we proceed as follows:We remove the
heart of the cabbage or brocoli and the stalks of the leaves, and these leaves' and
stalks we cut in small pieces, and then throw them into boiling water in about the
proportion of 3 lbs. avoirdupois (1,500 grammes) of cabbage leaves to 5 pints
(3 litres) of water; this infusion we leave to macerate for about twenty-four hours,
when we remove the leaves and subject them to pressure so as to extract the juice,
which we mix with or add to the infusion already obtained. The liquor thus
obtained is of an intense blue violet colour, and constitutes the "cauline" which is
the base of a series of derivatives, as hereafter described, according to its treatment
with this or that different material to obtain this or that color.
We will now describe the principal derivatives which we obtain by treating the
cauline by different ingredients, alone or in combination, which have the property, -
in combination with this "base" liquor, of producing certain precipitates diversely
colored immediately applicable for painting, printing, dyeing, and the like.
Baru-cauline: Bright Green Color (No. 1).-To obtain this derivative we take
1.32 lbs. troy (500 grammes) of cold cauline, and add thereto 31 grains (2 grammes)
of caustic baryta; this will rapidly produce a very abundant bright green preci-
pitate amounting to about 16 ozs. (50 grammes); this precipitate, as also those
hereafter specified, is immediately applicable, as before stated, for painting, printing,
dyeing, and the like by all the ordinary processes, that is, employing indiferently or
as may be required gums, glue or size, oils, essences, varnish, or other ordinary or
known vehicles.
Chloro-calci-cauline: Blue Green (No. 2).-To 1.32 lbs. (500 grammes) of cold
cauline is added 3.216 ozs. (100 grammes) of chloride of calcium, anhydride or des-
sicated; this instantly produces a precipitate of small quantity of a green blue color.
The liquor is now evaporated, and the residue is the chloro-calci-cauline, which may
be utilised as described for the precipitate No. 1.
Ammonio-chloro-calci-cauline: Mixed Green (No. 3).-This is obtained by
treating the preceeding precipitate or residue (chloro-calci-cauline) by drops of'
ammonia.
Baru-cauline Zinguée: Pale Green (No. 4).-To the baru-cauline obtained
according to the treatment No. 1, above described, is added 6·43 dwt. (10 grammes)
of white oxide of zinc.
Mangano-cauline: False Bronze Green (No. 5).-To 1-32 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 3-216 (100 grammes) of chloride of manganese and 3.215 dwt.
(5 grammes) of baryta; this produces a chloride of barium and a protoxyde of
manganese, which in the presence of the cauline is of a false bronze green, and is
precipitated.
Chloro-carbo-cauline: Bronze Green (No. 6).-To 1-32 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 16 ozs. (50 grammes) of per-chloride of iron, 16 ozs. (50 grammes)
of chloride of zinc, and 12-86 dwt (20 grammes) of carbonate of soda; this produces

page_text: chloride of sodium, which is in solution, and a double precipitate of carbonate of
iron and zinc, which in presence of the cauline is of a bronze green color.
Ferro-carbo-cauline: Green Brown (No. 7).-To 132 lbs. (500 grammes) of cauline
is added 3.216 ozs. (100 grammes) of per-chloride of iron and 16-075 dwt. (25 grammes)
of carbonate of soda; this forms a chloride of sodium, which is in solution, and a
carbonate of iron is precipitated of a green brown color.
Zinco-carbo-cauline: Ultramarine Blue (No. 8).-To 1.32 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 3.216 ozs. (100 grammes) of crystilized chloride of zinc and
16.075 dwt. (25 grammes) of carbonate of soda; the chloride of sodium formed is
dissolved, and the carbonate of zinc is precipitated of a blue color in presence of the
cauline.
Mangano-carbo-cauline: Pale or Light Blue (No. 9).-To 1·32 lbs. (500 grammes)
of cauline is added 3.216 ozs. (100 grammes) of chloride of manganese and
16.075 dwt. (25 grammes) of carbonate of soda; this produces chloride of sodium,
which is dissolved, and carbonate of manganese, which is precipitated of a pale
blue color.
Chloro-stanno-cauline: Violet (No. 10).-To 132 lbs. (500 grammes) of cauline is
added 3.216 lbs. (100 grammes) of proto-chloride of tin; this immediately produces
from the body of the liquor a violet precipitate.
Ammonio-chloro-cauline: Rose or Red (No. 11).-To 1.32 lbs. (500 grammes) of
cauline is added 16 ozs. (50 grammes) of phosphate of ammonia, and 16 ozs.
(50 grammes) of per-chloride of iron; this forms a chlorhydrate of ammonia in solu-
tion and a phosphate of iron, which is precipitated and of a pearl grey color, and
may be used directly. The liquor itself from this treatment is of a rich rose color,
and is the required ammonio-chloro-cauline.
We have thus shown the essential character of the cauline and its derivatives to
be perfectly innocuous, while the ordinary corresponding colors, as is well known,
are very dangerous both in the manufacture and use.
While we have described the principal derivatives of the cauline, it will be under-
stood that by treating it with various other re-agents there may be obtained a series
of precipitates variously colored and of perfectly harmless nature.
The same process of extraction is equally applicable to various other plants which
also contains the cauline in inferior doses capable of being utilised in the preparation
of our coloring substance; it is thus that divers plants of the family of lilacs (rose
trees, hyacinths, and others) are obedient more or less clearly to the whole of our
reactions; or other plants, the family of ranunculas, the anemony, red beet, saffron,
and others, furnish by our system of manipulation the colors more or less resembling
that which we obtain in treating the "cauline." It is thus our faculty to employ
one or other of these plants, either alone or in combination with the red cabbage or
brocoli, in the preparation of the "cauline," and in the reactions which we have
indicated alike furnishing the principal colors used.
The proportions of the various ingredients above specified in the treatment of the
cauline and its derivatives may be varied as experience determines.
The coloring matters thus obtained by the cauline and their derivatives, as before
described, are susceptable of all possible applications, and especially to the tincture
of all stuffs of whatever fabrication; painted or other papers; the fabrication of
artificial flowers and leaves; the tincture of feathers, woods, pasteboard, leather,
skins, and other similar articles; the coloring of liquids, of whatever nature; the
paste and saccharine matters employed in confectionery; the decoration of china,
porcelain, glass ware, and divers ceramic articles; to the various applications by
decorative painters in the improvement of buildings; and in general to all compo-
sitions capable of receiving the color, and to all kinds of industries and specialities.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said Inven- -
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, we
would observe in conclusion that what we claim as the Invention secured to us by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-

page_text: First. The production and use of a new vegetable coloring substance perfectly
innocuous called "cauline," substantially as herein-before described.
Second. The process of preparation or manufacture of the "cauline," substantially
as herein-before described.
Third. The process of preparation or manufacture and use of the derivatives from
the "cauline," substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth. The application of the same process of extraction to various other plants
containing more or less "cauline," and its use, either alone or in combination with
red cabbage or brocoli, for the preparation of the coloring substance, substantially as
herein-before described.
Fifth. The application and use of the "cauline" and its derivatives to the various
purposes, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Michel Edmond Savigny and Alfred Charles
Collineau, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
).
Witness,
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
of Boulevard St. Denis, 1,
at Paris.
D
A. C. COLLINEAU. (LS.)