Improvements in and relating to Telegraphic Systems, and Instruments therefor..
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1895-Accepted, 28th Sept., 1895"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Telegraphic Systems, and
Instruments therefor..
We, ADOLF MERREL and ARTUR DUFFEK, both of 3 Gerstengasse, Prague,
Bohemia, in the Empire of Austria, Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists of a system and apparatus connected therewith, whereby
messages telegraphed through the line are received by a printing instrument which
is caused to print the message on paper strips in ordinary type.
One set of the apparatus consists essentially of an electric type-writing instrument,
an electric motor, key board, two transmitters, two relays, an electric bell, two keys,
an electric brake, whereby the speed of production of work is regulated, and of three
separate electric batteries.
And in order that our said invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters
and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are respectively front, part plan, and side views of the type-
writing instrument; Figs. 14, 4, 5 and being detail views of same.
Figs. 7, 8 and 11 are respectively front, plan, and side views of the motor;
Figs. 9, 10, 12 and 13 being detail views of same.
Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation of the key-board.
Fig. 15 is a diagram of a system suitable for the wiring or telegraphing station,
and Fig. 16 is a similar diagram for a receiving station.
Figs. 17, 18 and 19 are respectively front views and a cross section of the
transmitters or switches.
Fig. 20 is an elevation of a relay and
Figs. 21 and 22 are diagrams of a wiring or telegraphing and a receiving station.
The type-writing machine, Figs. 1 to 6 consists of metallic supports ff carrying
the shaft d. Upon the shaft d are fastened the toothed wheel k and the type disc a.
The latter is provided upon its circumference with say 52 projections, carrying the
types. The shaft d is insulated from the wheel k and from the disc a. Upon the
supports contact boxes b, bare secured. The disc a is divided into 104 equal
parts on its circumference, carrying 52 contacts 1, each of which occupies the
104th part of the whole circumference. Upon the faces of the disc a contacts 2
are placed in a spiral line, and in this instance there are thirteen in number. All
the contacts 1 and 2 are electrically connected together and with the collector ring 3,
this latter being disposed also upon the disc a. The toothed wheel k is formed with
deep cut teeth and is provided, upon its outward face, in this instance also with
13 spirally disposed contacts, each contact being placed 90° from the corresponding
contact on the disc a, as shown in Fig. 1 by dotted lines, whilst the contacts 2 are
drawn in full lines. These spirally disposed contacts are also electrically connected
with the collector ring 3.
The contact cases bb bbs are provided with contact pins 21, carefully insulated
one from the other, and each pin being pressed against the disc a and k by springs 20,
as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. Each contact case will contain, in this instance,
thirteen such contact pins, and the case is provided with two other contact pins,
one for the collector ring 3 and the other for the peripheral contacts 1. From each
contact pin 21 a carefully insulated wire leads to the keys and the several other

page_text: parts, as will be explained, and all the wires are preferably placed in and led
through tubes c and c¹.
e is an inking disc, carried and pressed upon the type disc a by its elastic
support e¹.
In the support h, upon the base plate, a forked lever g is mounted, which carries
the armatures 15 of the electromagnet i. The other arm of this lever carries, upon
the axis 7, the roller provided with an india-rubber covering 18. Upon the same
axis, a toothed pinion m is fitted gearing into the toothed wheel k. In the fork
there is a box 8 for guiding the paper strip 13 and a projection, which is provided
below, with a blunt edge 9 falling upon a roller 12', which is carried by arms 12,
which turn freely upon the axis o-o, upon the support h. Rolier 12' rests upon the
regulating screw 11. On the opposite side, behind the axis which is formed by the
two screws 27, the arm of the lever is provided with an opening 14, through which
the paper passes from above, and runs between the roller 12' and the blunt edge 9,
through the box 8, over the roller and under the protecting cover 6.
Upon the shaft d is a toothed wheel not shown in the drawings gearing into the
toothed wheel v upon the shaft 66 of the motor (Figs. 8 and 11). This gearing
serves for the transmission of the movement from the motor to the shaft d. A disc u
is mounted on the shaft 66 (Figs. 7 to 13) and carries on its periphery eight
equidistant soft iron pieces 71, forming the armature. There are three electro-
magnets 68, 69, 70 placed under this wheel armature in such a way that they act
upon them one after the other in intervals of one-twenty-fourth of the periphery of
the armature. Upon the shaft 66 is a commutator, which is composed of the
collector rings 82 and 83 and of twenty four contacts 73, disposed in three contact
rings provided with insulated contact pins 75, 76, 77, 78 and 79 as shown in
Figs. 9 and 10.
On the rear end of the motor a centrifugal brake is fitted (Figs. 8, 11, 12, 13),
consisting of the brake block 62 on the arm 62', being hinged to the end of
arm 65 so as to turn with the shaft 66 and to act by its centrifugal force upon the
conical face of the brake drum 60. The radial arm 65 being fastened to the
shaft 66. The brake block 62 is retained in its neutral position by a spiral
spring 611 wound round the radial arm 61 mounted on the shaft 66. The brake
block can be placed nearer to the fulcrum 61' or further from it in the slide q', its
position being indicated upon a scale 9 by the index q'. The centrifugal force of
the block 62 will act with a shorter or a longer leverage when the machine is
rotating, whilst the retaining force of the spring 611 will remain constant. Thus
the energy of the brake can be exactly regulated. The brake disc 60 slides in the
head 64 of the supports, and by means of an internal screw 631 and a hand
wheel 63 (or by any other convenient arrangement) it can be brought nearer to
the brake block 62 or further from it, the acting surface being turned out
conically.
Fig. 14 represents part of the keyboard, composed of as many keys as there are
contacts upon the disc a and as there are types. In this instance their number is
supposed to be fifty-two, one key for each type. Inside the keyboard a wire leads
to the contact 25, which is caused to touch the fixed contact 26 when the key is
pressed down by the finger of the operator. From the fixed contact 26 a wire
leads back to the wire or cable with which all the (fifty-two) contact wires are
connected.
There are two kinds of transmitters or switches. One of them D (Figs. 17, 18
and 19) is fitted with four metallic strips 41, 42, 43 and 44, closing and changing
the circuits by means of the necessary contacts. The others E have for the same
purpose two metallic strips 51 and 52 in Fig. 18. The transmitters or switches in
the wiring station X being marked D and E and those in the receiving station X¹
are D' and E' (Figs. 15, 16, 21 and 22) as will be subsequently explained.
The relay (Fig. 20) is composed of the two magnets 54 and 55, the latter having
an iron pole capable of being regulated by means of a screw 59 in its position
relatively to its coil. The first of these two magnets is permanent and is also

page_text: provided with coils. The light armature 55ª which is mounted between these two
magnets is being attracted by the permanent magnet 54, whilst in repose.
Each station has two keys J and K (Figs. 15 and 16). Key J has a projection,
on to which is fastened a contact disc for the connection of the contacts 101
and 102.
'
The manner of working is as follows:
The two type-writing discs a and a' being placed in corresponding positions,
in both the stations the index 1 will cover the signs (Fig. 1). The
transmitters D, D', E, E' in both stations X and XI must also be put into
corresponding positions, as indicated in Figs. 21 and 22. Then the station X
calls the station X¹ by means of the key J. The current produced by the
battery N, goes through the wire 95 into the contact 104, from there through
the pressed down key J into 103 and through the plate 88 into the earth and
enters the second station at 881, and passes through the point 96' to 40¹ on the
transmitter D¹ where it passes by 411 and 39' into the contact 1021 an 1 1011 to 94',
through the relay F' to 30', 44, 31' over 89' into the electromagnets and 55¹
transmitter E (47' 52', 46¹) into the bell H', and through the wire 100¹ by the
earth to the station X, where it returns in a similar way to the other pole of
the battery.
After having called each other the operators in the stations bring the
transmitters E and E' into the second position (Figs. 15 and 16). Then, after
a short while, and without other signs, the wiring operator will change the position
of the transmitter D (Fig. 15) the transmitter D₁ in the other station (Fig. 16)
remaining untouched during the whole operation. The circuit in station X
(Fig. 15) will instantly pass from the battery N to point 94, from here through F
into the collecting ring 3 from whence it travels to point 89 into the electro-
magnet i; but leaving this electromagnet neutral it goes through relay G, attracts
its armature, goes through transmitter E, through the points 47, 51-48 and
through the wire 100 into station X Fig. 16, where it enters again by wire 100'
through the transmitter E¹ to relay G and attracting the armature, it goes
on through the electromagnet i¹ into point 891 and through the wire of the
transmitter D into the points 31', 44' 30' into the point 90', through the lever
of the relay F¹ and through its screw into the battery N', and goes through the
contacts 101, 102', into the trasmitter D', (391, 41', 401) into the earth, from there
into the station X, by the plate 88 and transmitter D', 40-41-38, and returns by
the point 95 to the battery N.
Before this, as mentioned above, the transmitters E and E' have been turned,
and therefore the circuit in the electromagnet 68 is closed, this circuit coming from
the local battery P, and traversing point 99, transmitter E, the frame of the relay
lever G enters point 58 and goes through the screw 57 into the collecting ring 82,
through pin 75 into the commutator, from there to the contact corresponding to
this ring Figures 9 and 10, through the wire into the electromagnet 68 and back
to the battery. The same takes place in the station X. The armatures stand
therefore exactly opposite the electromagnet 68 and in the same moment the circuit
goes through the contact upon the disc of the type-writing apparatus in the
station X. Therefore the relays G and G¹ in both stations attract the armatures
simultaneously, and the circuit from the battery P, passes in both stations into the
screws 56-56, and the electromagnets 69-69', which attract their armatures,
thus turning by means of the above mentioned wheel gearing the type writing dise
one contact further, as before described, and the contact pin is brought on to the
insulated interval between the contacts, which is equal in length to the contact.
Therefore the circuit of the battery N is stopped and the armatures of the relays G
and G¹ return to their former positions. By this the circuit in both motors passes
into the electromagnets 70-70 which attract their armatures and turn the disc to
the next contact, by which the circuit of the battery N is closed anew and puts the
relays G and G of both stations into action. Thus the machines in both stations
will work synchronically and regularly, and the relays G and G¹ serve here as

page_text: regulators. The centrifugal brake serves for the regulation of the desired velocity
which should not be surpassed. When the machines are thus in motion, the
telegraphing can begin.
Both the typewriting discs a and a having been placed congruently before closing
the transmitters, they will continue to move one exactly like the other. The
telegraphist presses down the respective key with his finger (keys n, n¹ Figs. 14, 15
and 16) and in consequence of the spiral position of the contacts, one of them will
touch the contact pin of the certain type of which the corresponding key has
been pressed down, and thus before one revolution of the disc has been completed,
the circuit will pass through the key into the relay F, attract the armature stop
the connection with the battery N and will pass both the batteries M and N one
after the other, and theuce by plate 88 as before described with the only difference
that the current will be considerably stronger. This causes the armatures of the
electromagnets i to be attracted, the circuit being already strong enough for this
purpose, and the roller Figs. 1 and 2 and also at the same time the corresponding
roller at the other station will be pressed against its disc a (and a¹). The respective
types are at corresponding positions upon the circumference of a and a' and the
paper being moved with the same velocity as the circumferencial velocity of both
the disc a and roller 1, because of the gearing m, k, the type will be printed
upon the paper without any irregularity. The movement of the paper between the
two rolling surfaces will continue as long as the circuit is closed. As soon as one
operation breaks the circuit the rollers fall off, the projection upon the lever
pressing the paper firmly upon the roller 121 of the lever 12. Some space being
needed on both sides of the printed type, the length of the contact must be a little
more than the type is broad.
For the purpose of avoiding the displacement of the free paper by the centrifugal
force of the revolving roller the course 6 is fitted to protect the free paper.
The teeth of the wheel m must be sufficiently deep as to always gear with the
teeth of the wheel k during the operation of printing. The inking is produced by
the ink pad e, as previously described.
At the end of the operation, the transmitters E and E' are turned and the key
pressed down. Thus the circuit. in the electromagnet 68 will be closed and the
motor will be stopped.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would have it understood
that we do not limit ourselves to the exact construction of the keys, keyboards,
collectors and other parts of the apparatus, but what we do claim is :-
1. The combination of a type writing revolving disc a and a roller having the
same peripheral velocity; a paper 13 being drawn between said disc and said roller
as soon as and for as long as one of the keys n is being pressed down (and therefore
the circuit of the batteries M and N put in action), the printing action being
stopped instantly if the key n is released the circuit of the battery M being stopped,
and only the rotation of the disc a left for so long till the circuit of the battery N
has been stopped, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of a type writing telegraph instrument with an electric motor
having a commutator 82-73-83 and relay G revolving the shaft d of the disc a
by means of the gearing described and being composed of a system of armatures 71
nearly touching the radially situated electromagnets 68-69-70, the different parts
being disposed so that if one magnet is exactly covered with the armature, the
next one begins to be nearly touched by the next armature, substantially as
set forth.
3. The combination of a type writing telegraph with a centrifugal brake upon
the shaft d, or any other shalt gearing with d, being composed of a disc 60 with a
conical face near its periphery, upon which a block 62 is pressed by means of its
centrifugal force when the machine is revolving, the block being retained by a
radially elastic arm 61-61' which can be set nearer to the fulcrum 661 of the block

page_text: ever 621 or further from it, the position of the brake drum in the direction of its
xis being regulated in an appropriate way substantially as set forth.
4. The combination of a type writing telegraph with relays consisting of an
electromagnet 55, the iron body of which can be regulated in its relative position
by a screw 59, and a permanent magnet 54 provided with coils, its armature being.
attracted by the permanent magnet when in repose, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination of a type writing telegraph with a revolving type disc a and
ts corresponding revolving printing roller l, in combination with an electric motor,.
relays F and G, transmitters D and E, keys J and K and bell H, in such a way
(a) That if the transmitters are placed according to the diagram in Fig. 21,.
the station X', can be called from the station X by pressing the key J down
(6) That after having called station X' and after having turned the
transmitters E aud E' in stations X and X' as well as the large transmitter D.
in station X into the second position, the battery N will act, in pressing
down any one of the keys n in the station X the battery M is put in action,
and the type corresponding to the key n is printed upon the paper between.
disc a and roller
(c) That in releasing the transmitters E and E' and in pressing down the key K
the machine is stopped altogether,
All substantially as set forth.
6. The improvements in printing telegraph systems and instruments therefore
substantially as described.
Dated 25th June 1895
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.