IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING PAPER, CARD, AND MILLBOARDS, WOOLLENS, VENEERS, AND MATERIALS USED IN MAKING PAPER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES WHERE QUICK AND SLOW MOTIONS ARE USED, AND WHERE MACHINERY IS REQUIRED TO BE THROWN INTO AND OUT OF GEAR
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR CUTTING PAPER, CARD, AND MILLBOARDS, WOOLLENS, VENEERS, AND
MATERIALS USED IN MAKING PAPER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES WHERE QUICK AND SLOW MOTIONS ARE USED,
AND WHERE MACHINERY IS REQUIRED TO BE THROWN INTO AND OUT OF GEAR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. William Morgan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1854.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING PAPER, CARD, AND MILLBOARDS, WOOLLENS, VENEERS,
AND MATERIALS USED IN MAKING PAPER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES WHERE QUICK AND SLOW MOTIONS ARE USED, AND
WHERE MACHINERY IS REQUIRED TO BE THROWN INTO AND OUT OF GEAR," to be as
follows:-
I make the cutting knife pass through the material to be cut in a segment
or segments of a circle or circles by means of two or more radial arms or levers
above or below the knife, or by a combination of radial arms or levers above

page_text: and below the knife, or by other equivalent guides. I actuate the knife by one
or more screws combined with bevel wheels and pinions, so arranged as to give
a return motion to the knife without reversing the driving shaft, either at the
same rate as the cut or at an increased speed, and I arrange these parts
so that the knife may be stopped and advanced or returned at any distance
from the bed. I employ the arrangement of wheel work just mentioned in
other machines in which different speeds are required. I employ in com-
bination with the reversing motion a new construction of clutch instead of the
ordinary clutch, and I use this new screw friction clutch with or without the
other parts of the arrangement in other machines where a clutch or ratchet
wheel is now employed. I also actuate the knife by excentric cog wheels, so
as to obtain a slow cut and quick return, either in combination with a screw or
screws, or with a rod or rods, or other contrivance, and I employ a screw with
an excentric worm wheel or wheels known as perpetual screws, attached to the
knife carrier or frame. And further, I employ a differential screw or screws,
or right and left hand screws in combination, and also a horizontal screw in
combination with one or more jointed rods acting as a toggle joint for the same
purpose, and a hydraulic pump or pumps in combination with any suitable
arrangement for returning the knife. I also combine a standing press with the
cutting machines, and I actuate the same by screws, differential screws,
hydraulic power, or other contrivance. I also use the machines above men-
tioned, with such modifications as may be necessary, both as regards the cutting
knife or knives, and the arrangements for holding down the material whilst
being cut, for the purpose of cutting up the materials used in paper making.
I construct paper and cardboard cutting machines with a front or moveable
gauge, in addition to the ordinary back gauge, for cutting and cross cutting
purposes; and I also use a condensed or index gauge for shewing the distance
travelled by the back gauge, by means of another screw cut on the gauge screw,
but of different pitch, on which the indicator travels. I employ a side piece or
side pieces cut square with the back gauge, and one or more loose guides for
setting work square at different parts of the table; and I sometimes use
moveable squares let into the bed, so as to rise and fall when required, or
attached to the follower of the holding down press. I also employ different
methods of adjusting the knife, and I use a differential screw or screws to give
pressure to the materials whilst being cut.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Morgan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th December 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Morgan, Her special licence that I, the said William Morgan, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Morgan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
CUTTING PAPER, CARD, AND MILLBOARDS, WOOLLENS, VENEERS, AND MATERIALS USED
IN MAKING PAPER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
MACHINES WHERE QUICK AND SLOW MOTIONS ARE USED, AND WHERE MACHINERY
IS REQUIRED TO BE THROWN INTO AND OUT OP GEAR," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Morgan, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hercunto annexed,
that is to say :-
My Invention consists, first, in making the cutting knife of machines for
cutting paper, cardboard, and millboard, woollens, veneers, &c., pass through
the material to be cut in a segment or segments of a circle or circles by means
of two or more radial arms or levers above or below the knife, or by a com-
bination of radial arms or levers above and below the knife, or by other
equivalent guides.

page_text: Second, in actuating the cutting knife by one or more screws combined with
bevil wheels and pinions, so arranged as to give a return motion to the knife
without reversing the driving shaft, either at the same rate as the cut or at an
increased speed, and so also that the knife may be stopped and advanced or
returned at any distance from the bed.
Third, in the employment in combination with such reversing motion of a
new construction of clutch instead of the ordinary clutch.
Fourth, in actuating the knife by eccentric cog wheels, so as to obtain a
slow cut and quick return, either in combination with a screw or screws, or with
a rod or rods or other contrivance.
Fifth, in the employment of an endless or perpetual screw in combination
with an excentric worm wheel or wheels attached to the knife carrier or frame,
for the purpose of actuating the knife, and in the employment of a differential
screw or screws, or of right and left hand screws in combination, and also of a
horizontal screw in combination with one or more jointed rods acting as toggle
joints for the same purpose.
Sixth, in actuating the knife by means of a hydraulic pump or pumps in
combination with any suitable arrangement for working the same.
Seventh, in the employment of different methods of adjusting the knife.
Eighth, in the use of a differential screw or screws to give pressure to the
materials whilst being cut.
Ninth, in combining a standing press with cutting machines, constructed as
herein-before described, and in actuating the said press by screws, differential
screws, hydraulic power, or other contrivance.
Tenth, in the employment of paper cutting machines, constructed as above
mentioned, with such modifications as may be necessary, both as regards the
cutting knife or knives, and the arrangements for holding down the material
whilst being cut, for the purpose of cutting up materials used in paper making.
Eleventh, in constructing paper and cardboard cutting machines with a new
form of front or moveable gauge, in addition to the ordinary back gauge, for
cutting and cross cutting purposes.
Twelfth, in the use of a condensed or index gauge, for shewing the distance
travelled by the back gauge by means of another screw cut on the gauge screw,
but of a different pitch, on which the indicator travels.
Thirteenth, in the employment of a side piece or side pieces cut square with
the back gauge, and of one or more loose guides for setting work square at
different parts of the table; and also in the use of moveable squares let into the
bed or table, so as to rise and fall when required, or attached to the follower of
the holding down press.

page_text: And, lastly, in the employment of the arrangement of wheel work, and the
new construction of clutch, herein-before mentioned, together or separately, in
other machines, in which different speeds are required, and in which machinery
is required to be thrown into and out of gear.
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is a front elevation, and Figure 2 a
vertical section, of a paper and cardboard cutting machine, constructed according
to my Invention. A, A, is the general framework of the machine; B is the
knife or cutter, which is mounted in the carrier B', and receives a compound
radial motion at the same time that it is forced downwards to make the cut,
by means of the two radius rods C and C'. The rod C is centred at D in the
cross framing, and is attached at its opposite end to the knife carrier B'. The
rod C is centred at E, in the cross stretcher beneath the table, and is attached
at its opposite end to an adjusting screw F, which works in the knife carrier
B', and is regulated as to position by a nut F'. I do not confine myself to this
arrangement of the adjusting screw, as it may also be placed at E, at the
opposite end of the rod C', but I prefer the arrangement shewn. G is a short
link, attached at one end to the knife carrier B, and centred at the other end
at G' in the double eye of the screw H, which is caused to travel upwards and
downwards in the dovetail slide G, and consequently to impart the like motions
to the knife by means of the bevil wheels I, I', and I. These bevil wheels
when out of gear run freely upon the long socket or nut J, and are driven by
the bevil wheels 13 and I, which are mounted on the spindlo K, which receives
motion from the main shaft L, by means of a pair of cog wheels L³, L². L'is
a fly wheel on the main shaft L. Motion is given to the screw H, so as to
actuate the knife during the cut, and return it to a position for coming again
into action by means of the bevil wheels I, I, and I, which run free upon the
socket or nut J, until thrown into gear with one or other of the clutches M and
M', which slide loosely on the socket J, but are prevented from turning on it
by a feather on the socket working into a groove in the clutches in the usual
way. When the clutch M is thrown into gear with the bevil wheel I', the
socket J revolves with it, and brings the screw H down slowly, and with great
power; and when the cut is made the clutch M is thrown out of gear with the
bevil wheel I, and into gear with the bevil wheel I, which turns the socket J
in the contrary direction, and carries the screw H up again three times more
quickly than it had been brought down. When the clutch M' is thrown into
gear with the bevil wheel I, the action is the same as before described, except
that the speed is increased threefold, and is the same in the downward and
upward motions. The clutches M and M' are moved in either direction, so

page_text: as to be thrown into and out of gear with the bevil wheels, as required, by
means of the forks N and N¹, on the rod N2. When the slow and powerful
motion is required, the pin O is inserted through the bracket N³, and the rod
N², thereby keeping the rod N³, and the fork N, which is fixed to it, stationary,
and allowing the fork N', with the clutch M, to work into and out of gear with
the bevil wheels I'and I. When the quick motion is required, the pin O is
removed from the bracket N³, and inserted in a hole in the fork N', passing
also through the rod N2; the result of which arrangement is, that the clutches
M and M' move together, but can be thrown into gear only with the bevil
wheels I and I, the middle bevil wheel I' running free. P and P' are tappets,
by which the length of stroke of the knife is regulated, the tappets acting
on the weighted lever Q, so as to cause it to reverse the clutches at any
required point of the ascent or descent of the knife carrier B¹. Q'is a handle
for acting on the weight Q, when required. R is a gauge for regulating the
width of the paper, &c. to be cut. In this gange are formed square grooves,
running longitudinally with the table, for the insertion of a loose strip of metal
or wood R', so as to form a moveable guide for cutting the material perfectly
square. The left side of the table is fitted with a raised piece of metal, which
forms a fixed guide for cutting the paper, &c. square. S is a screw, by which
the gauge R is worked; and S₁ is.another screw of finer pitch, which is cut on
the front end of the screw S, and on which travels the indicator S, the point of
which works through a slot in the table T, and indicates on a condensed gauge,
properly graduated, the number of inches travelled by the gauge R. U is the
follower, by which the paper, &c. is held firm during the time the cut is being
made. U is a hand wheel fixed to the screw U, for giving motion to the
follower. In combination with the screw Us, I sometimes employ a differential
screw. I do not confine myself to the arrangement of the radius rods by which
the knife carrier is guided, in the manner shewn in Figures 1 and 2, as they
may bo placed in other positions than those indicated, and more than two radius
rods may be employed, and in some cases they may be dispensed with, and
fixed guides may be employed instead.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are views of parts of machines, which are also con-
structed according to my Invention, and differ from that before described in
the means used for actuating the knife. In Figure 3, I make use of a hori
zontal screw A, in combination with two jointed rods B and B¹, acting as
toggle joints, and I actuate the screw A by the fly wheel C, which is fitted
with a winch handle for setting it in motion; or I use a horizontal screw
carried across the machine, with four jointed rods acting as toggle joints. In

page_text: Figure 4, 1 employ a horizontal screw A, in combination with an excentric
worm wheel B, and I give motion to the screw by means of the fly wheel C,
with a winch handle. In Figure 5, I make use of two excentric cog wheels A
and A¹, to which I give motion from the fly wheel B, by means of the inter-
mediate cog wheels C and D. By this arrangement I obtain a powerful
downward cut with a quick return of the knife, without reversing the winch
handle by which the fly wheel is driven; or I make use of four eccentric cog
wheels, two on each side of the machine. I also employ differential screws, or
right and left hand screws in combination, or hydraulic power suitably
applied for bringing down and returning the knife. I also combine a stand-
ing press with the before-mentioned arrangements, either worked by the
same power which actuates the knife, or by an independent pressing arrange-
ment.
Figure 6 is a front elevation of a machine for cutting paper and other
materials in single sheets or small quantities. A is the knife, and B the
handle by which it is worked. C and Care two radius rods, centred on
fixed points in the frame, and connected at their opposite ends to the knife.
Figure 7 is a plan, and Figure 8 a side elevation, of part of a front or
moveable gauge, which I employ in paper and cardboard cutting machines, in
addition to the ordinary back gauge for cutting narrow strips, and for cross
cutting purposes. A, A, are plates, held down to the table and adjustable by
two screws B, B. C is the plate, up to which the material to be cut is brought
by the ordinary back gauge, and which is then turned over out of the way
whilst the cut is being made.
Figures 9 and 10 are views of an arrangement of wheel work similar to
that already described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, but in combination
with a new construction of clutch for the reversing motion, instead of the
ordinary clutch. A is a screw answering to the screw H in Figures 1 and 2.
B is a long nut, through which the screw A works, and which nut has an
external screw C, on which works a socket D. E is a projection on the socket
D, against which a tappet, suitably placed, strikes, thereby causing the socket
D to travel up its screw until it reaches the bevil wheel F, when the friction
between the two surfaces binds the bevil wheel tightly between the collar of
the nut B and the shoulder of the socket D. The same effect is produced
when the socket D is brought by the tappet before mentioned into contact
with the lower wheel G.
Figures 11 and 12 are modifications of the same friction clutch, in which
corresponding parts are marked with the same letters as in Figures 9 and 10.
In Figure 12 a simple inclined plane is substituted for the screw C.

page_text: The arrangements of wheel work and parts in connection therewith,
described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, and indicated by the letters
I, I, I, I, J, M, M, N, N', N, N³, and O, and the modifications thereof,
together with the friction clutch represented in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, may
be employed in other machines where quick and slow motions are used alter-
nately, and where parts of machines are required to be thrown into and out of
gear, and also in cases where a ratchet wheel is now used.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as of my
Invention is,-
First, the combination of two or more radius rods or levers, or of equiva-
lent guides, for the purpose of causing the cutting knife of machines for
cutting paper, card, and millboards, woollens, veneers, and materials used in
paper making, to pass through the material to be cut in a segment or seg-
ments of a circle or circles.
Second, the mode of actuating the cutting knife of machines for cutting
paper, card, and millboards, woollens, and veneers, as represented in Figures 1
and 2 of the Drawings annexed, and herein-before described.
Third, the employment of excentric cog wheels in combination with a screw
or screws, or with a rod or rods, for the purpose of actuating the cutting knife
of machines for cutting paper, card, and millboards, woollens, and veneers.
Fourth, the employment of a differential screw or screws, or of right and
left hand screws combined, or of a horizontal screw in combination with one
or more jointed rods acting as toggle joints, for the purpose of actuating the
cutting knife of machines for cutting paper, card, and millboards, woollens, and
veneers.
Fifth, the employment of a hydraulic press or presses for the purpose of
actuating the cutting knife of machines for cutting paper, card, and millboards,
woollens, and veneers, when such knife is guided by a combination of two or
more radius rods or levers, or by equivalent guides.
Sixth, the mode of adjusting the cutting knife of machines for cutting paper,
card, and millboards, woollens, and veneers, as represented in Figures 1 and 2
of the Drawings annexed, and herein-before described.
Seventh, the employment of a differential screw or screws in machines for
cutting paper, card, and millboards, woollens, and vencers, for the purpose of
giving pressure to the materials whilst being cut.
Eighth, the combination of a standing press with machines for cutting
paper, card, and millboards, woollens, and veneers, when such machines are
constructed as herein-before claimed.

page_text: Ninth, the employment of machines for cutting paper, card, and millboards,
woollens, and vencers, constructed as herein-before claimed, for the purpose of
cutting up materials used in the manufacture of paper.
Tenth, the construction of machines for cutting paper and card and mill-
boards, with a front or moveable gauge of the form and construction herein-
before described, in addition to the ordinary back gauge for cutting and cross
cutting purposes.
Eleventh, the employment in machines for cutting paper and card and mill-
boards of a condensed or index gauge, for shewing the distance travelled by
the back gauge.
Twelfth, the employment in machines for cutting paper and card and mill-
boards of a side piece or side pieces cut square with the back gauge, and of
one or more loose guides for setting work square at different parts of the
table, and also of moveable squares let into the bed or table, so as to rise and
fall when required, or attached to the follower of the holding down press.
Thirteenth, the employment in machines for cutting paper, card, and mill-
boards, woollens, veneers, and materials used in paper-making, of the im-
proved construction of clutch, and the modifications thereof, represented in
Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the Drawings annexed, and herein-before
described.
And, lastly, the employment of the arrangements of wheel work in combi-
nation with the improved construction of clutch, and the modifications thereof,
represented in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the Drawings annexed, and
herein-before described, in other machines in which quick and slow motions
are required alternately, and in which machinery is required to be thrown into
and out of gear.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
WILLIAM MORGAN. L.S.)