CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTING INSTRUMENTS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PNEUMATIC PURPOSES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HORNE, of Clapham Common, in the County of Surrey, Esquire, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of January, in the eighth year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Horne, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, Her especial licence, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Horne, my exors, admors,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said James Horne, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should-
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN INJECTING INSTRUMENTS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PNEUMATIC
PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that
I, the said James Horne, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be perfornied, under

page_text: my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Horne, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully ascertained and
described in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
Figure 1 of the said Drawings is an external elevation, and Figure 2
sectional elevation of an air pump of an improved construction, applicable
to such injecting instruments as, enemas and others, which may be made
to operate by the pressure of air on the fluids injected. A is the barrel of
the pump a, the cap having two air holes in it b, b, and C, the bottom, which
are respectively screwed to the body piece in manner shewn. B is the piston
which has a hollow rod c, open both at top and bottom. C is a conical valve
inserted in the centre of the bottom piece E, an external elevation and
section of which valve are given separately on an enlarged scale in Figures
3 and 4. d, the spindle of this valve, consists of a short tube which is at top
exactly under the lower termination of the hollow rod c of the piston rod, and
has at bottom two or more ports e. f is a spiral spring which is coiled round
the spindle d, and 9 a collar which is screwed upon the top of the spindle,
and keeps down the spring f in its place. In working this pump the piston is
first drawn to the top, when the air in the upper portion of the barrel is
expelled through the air holes b, b, in the cap, and the lower portion is filled.
with air through the hollow piston rod c. The rod c is then closed at top by
the thumb, and the piston pressed, down, which causes the air in the under
portion of the-barrel to press on the valve C2 till it is. pushed out sufficiently.
far to allow of the air which escapes through the, ports e of the valve spindle
passing off round the sides of the valve. On the air being expelled from the
pump, the resilient action of the spring f immediately restores the valve to
its place.
Another improved form of air pump, also applicable to the same class of
injecting instruments as that before described, as represented in a portion of
Figure 5. A is the barrel,, which in this case has no air holes at the top, but
is provided at bottom with a valve C²; exactly similar to that of the pump first
before described. B is the piston, the framework of the body of which consists
of two pieces k and I screwed into, one another: The rod c, instead of passing
as usual quite through the body part, terminates in the upper half k, and into

page_text: the bottom of the lower part there is screwed a valve piece B' similar in all.
respects to that which forms the bottom of the barrel, except that it is smaller:
The rod works through a stuffing box at top, and is solid throughout the
greater part of its length, but has a hollow space m at top, with two sets
of side ports in it p and q, and also terminates at bottom in a hollow part n,
with side ports r, r, the open bottom of the rod and the top of the spindle
in the valve piece B2 facing one another. The operation of this form of pump
is as follows: As the piston is drawn to the top the air in the upper portion
of the barrel escapes into the bollow part n of the lower end of the piston
through the ports r, r, and, passing thence into the hollow spindle of the valve
piece B², presses down the valve C, when it flows through the ports of the
spindle and round the sides of the valve into the portion of the barrel under
the piston. On now pressing down the piston the air is expelled through the
valve C in the bottom of the barrel, and continues to be so till, by the descent
of the piston, the ports q, q, at the bottom of the hollow part m in the top of
the piston opens into the upper portion of the barrel, when it is immediately
filled by the rushing in of the external atmosphere through the ports p, p,
and 9, 7.
Either of the two forms of air pump which have been described may
be applied with advantage to injecting instruments. Figure 5, in its entirety,
represents an instrument of this kind, with the second form of pump applied to.
it, and the whole in a state ready for use. S is an external case: The pump;-
as before described, is inserted through an orifice in the top of the case S, and:
made fast by screwing the top of the barrel into the orifice. T is a second.
orifice in the top of the case, with a cap to fit, through which the case is filled*
to any convenient height with the water or other fluid to be injected. V is the
injecting pipe, which is screwed into the bottom of the case S, and consists of
four pieces, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The pieces 1 and 3 are made of brass or other
metal, the piece 2 of caoutchouc tubing, and the piece 4 of ivory. The
piece 4 is connected to 3 by a knuckle screw joint, which enables it to be
turned up to a right angle with the rest of the pipe, and the piece 2, being of
a flexible quality, allows the rest of the pipe to be also bent from the horizontal
line to any extent likely to be found requisite. W is a cork attached to the
piece 1 for the purpose of opening or closing the pipe as required. The case
having been filled, and the cap T screwed down, the cork W is opened in
order to admit water into the injecting pipe, and so to free it from air before
commencing the process of injection. The apparatus being now ready for use,
the pipe is introduced, and the pump worked by the hand, when the air

page_text: expelled from the pump ascends to the top of the water in the case S, and by
its pressure on the fluid causes a continuous stream to flow out of the injecting
pipe. On finishing the operation care must be taken to close the cock W
before withdrawing the pipe.
The advantages attending the mode of construction and operation just
described, (whether an air pump of the first or second kind described is em-
ployed), are:-First, that the valve or valves of the air pump are of so simple
a construction that no length of use can materially impair their efficiency, and
that as no fluid passes through the pump no clogging or corrosion of its parts
can ever take place from that source, so that from both causes the pump
continues at all times clean and fit for immediate use; second, that no air
can be thrown forward either at the beginning or during any part of the
operation, whereby a frequent cause of complaint, and even of serious injury,
where injecting instruments are used, is wholly avoided; third, that the fluid
is injected in a gentle yet continuous and well sustained stream, with no more
than the exact amount of force required, and that it may cease to be injected
the instant its application ceases to be pleasant or useful; and, fourth, that
none of the fluid can escape from the apparatus except through the injecting
pipe. When the instrument is not in use, it is packed up in the manner
represented in Figure 6. The case S is first emptied of the water or other
fluid through the orifice T. The pump is then unscrewed and dropped
through the orifice T into a circular staud X fixed for its reception in the
bottom of the case. The injecting pipe is next taken off and made into two
lengths by unscrewing the piece 3 from the piece 2, and these lengths are
dropped through the orifice in the top of the case previously occupied by the
pump into a second stand Y fixed in the bottom of the case.
being now closed, that marked T with the cap proper to it, and the other
with a cap Z kept for the purpose, the top of the case exhibits the appearance
represented in Figure 7. The case S, instead of being oval, as represented in
Figures 5, 6, and 7, may be made circular with a single opening in the top,
having a double screw cap to fit, as shewn in Figure 8. In both the air
pumps before described valves are employed, but in Figure 9 I have shewn a
form of construction where no valves whatever are made use of, and which
may also be applied with advantage to injecting instruments. A is the barrel,
B is the piston, C the rod, which works through stuffing boxes at top and
bottom, and slides to and fro through the body part to the extent of the space
between the two steps a and b. It is hollow throughout with the exception
of a diaphragm inserted at d, and is closed at both ends, but has side
The two orifices

page_text: ports at the different points 1, 2, 8, 4, 5. Ou the piston rod being
drawn towards the top, and through the body part of the piston, as soon
as the ports 3 open into the upper portion of the barrel, the air passes
into the under portion of the barrel through the ports 3 and 5. On
the piston rod being then pushed down, the ports 3 become closed by the
body part of the piston, as shewn in the Drawings, and the air beneath the
piston is pressed forward and condensed till the ports 5 emerge from the
stuffing box in the bottom of the barrel, when the air escapes through them
(to act on the fluid of an injecting instrument, as before described, or in
any other way required), while at the same instant the ports 2, 2, at the
top, being brought by the same descent of the piston within the upper por-
tion of the barrel, admit into it a fresh supply of air from ports 1, 1. By
applying a handle to the lower end of the piston rod, and reversing the position
of the instrument, it becomes an exhausting apparatus possessed of great power,
and wholly free from the inconveniences which attend the use of such instru-
ments when they are dependant on valves for their efficiency.
For pneumatic purposes generally all the three pumps before described will
be found eminently useful, but more especially when high degrees of exhaus-
tion or condensation are required.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as of my
Invention is,
First, the making of injecting instruments, such as enemas and others, with
an air pump having a piston rod and valve of the peculiar form represented
in Figures 1 and 2, and before described.
Second, the making of injecting instruments with an air pump having a piston
and valves of the peculiar forms represented in Figure 5, and before described.
Third, the making of injecting instruments with an air pump having no valves,
and a piston and piston rod of the peculiar forms represented in Figure 9, and
before described.
Fourth, the employment for pneumatic purposes generally of the air
pumps possessing the peculiarities before described and claimed. And,
Fifth, the employment for pneumatic purposes generally of the form of
valve particularly represented in Figures 3 and 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Horne, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
JA (L.S.) IIORNE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid James Horne came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the First day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.