matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clovis Désiré Saintgeot and
Charles Poucel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 13th November 1869.
We, CLOVIS DÉSIRÉ SAINTGEOT, Mechanic, and CHARLES POUCEL,
Gentleman, of 2, Rue Ste. Appoline, Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREVENTING AND REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is intended not only to completely destroy incrustations
already formed inside boilers, but also to prevent the formation thereof.
It affords at the same time a simple and easy agent for cleaning boilers
and for keeping them in proper order, no matter how the boiler may be
constructed.
The Invention consists in the employment of animals' horns, hoofs,.
nails, and other horny parts as a medium or agent for cleaning and.
keeping boilers clean. These materials may be reduced to powder
and mixed with water in varying proportions and introduced into the
boiler.

page_text: Horn may be employed in various ways; for example, it may be
reduced to powder more or less fine, or it may be agglomerated into.
cakes by moulding and pressure, or it may be made liquid by being
dissolved by steam without any acid at a pressure varying from three to
six atmospheres... The proportions of the material employed must vary
according to the nature of the water and the thickness of the incrus-.
tations, that may be formed in the boiler.. The material may be colored
or not as desired..
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING OR CONTROLLING THE DELIVERY OF TICKETS AT RAILWAY STATIONS AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, PART OF WHICH INVENTION IS APPLICABLE TO TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philipp Bogler and Heinrich
Kayser at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with thier
Petition, on the 17th April 1869.
We, PHILIPP BOGLER, Modeller and Constructor, and HEINRICH
KAYSER, Gentleman, both of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING OR CONTROLLING THE DELIVERY OF
TICKETS AT RAILWAY STATIONS AND OTHER SIMILAR PLACES, PART OF WHICH
INVENTION IS APPLICABLE TO TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The main advantage which this apparatus offers is, that only one
ticket can be taken from it at a time, the said tickets being drawn out
consecutively by pressing a button attached to levers operating thereon.
For railways, steamers, theatres, and omnibuses, the tickets being always
arranged according to their numbers, every pressure on the button presses
out one ticket, which indicates by its number how many tickets have
been already sold. Every single ticket casket, containing a hundred
tickets or more, is closed by a slide. Each separate receptacle for con-

page_text: taining the tickets is placed side by side in a case, and so fixed that
through a whole series of these receptacles a bar may pass and fix them
in their places. The end of the bar is secured by a small door, by which
means it is impossible for the cashier to take a ticket otherwise than
by pressing the button, therefore every morning the receptacles are
to be filled, closed at the sides, as mentioned above, and given up to
the cashier.
The very simple construction of this apparatus consists of the button
acting by pressure on a lever, the turning point of which is fitted with
a spiral spring. The bar actuated by the lever acts on the tickets so
that they can pass the slit through which they are delivered. The spiral
spring also returns the lever and button to their normal positions when
the pressing operation is over. This pressing action
This pressing action may also be advan-
tageously adapted to working
and other similar localities.
telegraphic apparatus at railway stations
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED WEIGHTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Potter Muirhead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1869.
I, LEWIS POTTER MUIRHEAD, of 27, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED
WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for raising
sunken ships and other submerged weights. For this purpose I attach
to the ships or weight to be raised caissons or hollow vessels made it
may be of sheet iron, or the vessels may be constructed of a flexible gas-
tight fabric, strengthened with welting and collapsible. Such caissons
or vessels are sunk alongside of the ship or weight to be raised, and firmly
fixed thereto by means of divers if necessary. In connection with the
caissons or vessels a small reservoir containing liquified carbonic acid or
other gas is employed, and when the caissons or bags are firmly fixed

page_text: to the ship or weight to be raised the gas is allowed to pass from the
reservoir into them so as to inflate or fill them with gas. In this way
there is given to them such power of floatation as to cause them to rise
to the surface of the water together with the ship or weight attached
to them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RETORTS FOR REBURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL FOR MAKING GAS AND FOR OTHER LIKE USES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McLauchlan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
April 1869.
I, JOHN MCLAUCHLAN, of the Clyde Pottery Company, of Greenock,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RETORTS
FOR REBURNING ANIMAL CHARCOAL FOR MAKING GAS AND FOR OTHER LIKE USES,'
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of retorts of fire-clay
combined with other materials, and comprises various compounds which
whilst they have been proposed more particularly with the view of
obtaining a durable and satisfactory material for making retorts for
reburning animal charcoal for the sugar refiner's use and otherwise
are also suitable for making gas retorts or retorts to be used in any
similar processes.
The ingredients used in carrying out the Invention are fire-clay, flint,
Cornish granite, felspar, Lynn sand, blue Devonshire clay, Cornish
china clay, sulphate of baryta, and fired earthenware, but for any of
these there may be substituted other ingredients known to have the

page_text: same or nearly the same qualities. Several different compounds may
be formed with selections of these ingredients, but the following are
preferred, the proportions being understood to be by weight and variable
to a moderate extent, namely:-
No. 1. 50 fire-clay, 35 flint, and 15 granite.
No. 2. 50 fire-clay, 50 flint, and 20 blue clay.
No. 3. 40 fire-clay, 30 blue clay, and 40 sand.
No. 4. 40 fire-clay, 40 flint, and 20 felspar.
No. 5. 50 fire-clay, 30 fired earthenware, 20 sulphate of baryta, and 10
china clay.
In each case the ingredients are taken in a pulverised condition and
are well mixed together in water, by preference in an ordinary mixing
mill having revolving agitators. The surplus water is then removed by
draining and evaporation or otherwise, and the material is moulded
into the required forms and is fired in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REGULATING THE DISCHARGE OF STEAM, AIR, OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis John Crossley and
Richard Hanson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th April 1869.
We, LOUIS JOHN CROSSLEY, of the Firm of John Crossley & Sons,
Limited, of Halifax, in the County of York, Carpet Manufacturers, and
RICHARD HANSON, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REGULATING
THE DISCHARGE OF STEAM, AIR, OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to reduce or lower the pressure of such
fluids on the discharge side of the valve to any desirable extent, which
we effect as follows:-To an ordinary equilibrium valve we apply, by
preference, a cylindrical or other formed chamber, through which the
valve rod passes, this chamber is constructed so as to form an annular
reservoir for containing a column of mercury of suitable height, according
to the amount of reduction required to be made in the pressure of the
fluid to be discharged. A cylindrical or other suitably formed cap or
inverted cup is attached to the valve rod which floats in the mercury.
The valve is capable of being weighted either within the chamber, or

page_text: outside, or both, according to requirement. The pressure of the steam
or other elastic fluid on the delivery side of the valve acts against the
float, which thereby rises or sinks in the mercury, and operates upon the
valve to close or open it accordingly, and thus regulates the pressure
thereof as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lancaster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1869.
I, WILLIAM LANCASTER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in concentrating currents of air
on to or above the fuel on the grate to consume the inflammable gases
and to ignite the smoke. In performing my Invention the principal
parts of the furnace remain as usual, and I apply in the centre of the
grate and near the bridge a box or chamber the lower part of which is
open to the space under the fire-grate, and the upper part is provided
with a cap or roof while the sides are made with louvre openings, tho
angles of which radiate from a point above the grate bars. By this
arrangement when the furnace is in operation the draught in the chimney
causes the air from under the grate bars to rush into the box or chamber
from which it is guided through the louvre openings and concentrated
at each side on to or above the incandescent fuel, consequently the

page_text: smoke from the front part of the fire has to pas the intensely ignited
fuel produced by the admission of the air before it reaches the bridge.
My improvements are also applicable to furnaces for heating air,
manufacturing iron, and other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA- RUBBER SUCTION AND OTHER PIPES, AND OF HOSE, BUCKETS, BAGS, AND SUCH LIKE VESSELS POR CONVEYING OR HOLDING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Foster and Peter
Brusey Cow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th February 1869.
We, THOMAS FORSTER and PETER BRUSEY Cow, junior, both of
Streatham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA-
RUBBER SUCTION AND OTHER PIPES, AND OF HOSE, BUCKETS, BAGS, AND SUCH LIKE
VESSELS POR CONVEYING OR HOLDING WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
In manufacturing suction and other pipes we substitute for the
galvanized iron wire coil used in the manufacture of ordinary suction
and other hose alternate rings or spirals of rubber having two different
quantities of sulphur in them, so that after the operation of steam
vulcanizing every alternate ring or spiral will be hard, while the
intermediate ones will be flexible.
In manufacturing india-rubber hose, buckets, bags, and such like
vessels we substitute for the cotton or linen fabric ordinarily used for
giving strength a material composed of rubber and fibre. We obtain this

page_text: result by mixing rubber and vegetable fibre (cotton, linen, and flax, by
preference) with or without sulphur by means of a pair of rollers moving
at unequal speeds until the compound forms a kind of felted paper
impervious to water. This compound we roll into sheets, and employ
such sheets in the same manner that cotton or linen fabric is now used
for the purpose of giving strength to hose, buckets, or such like vessels.
The advantage derived from constructing hose as above described is
as follows: In the ordinary hose if, from any fault in the manufacture,
a puncture is made, or it becomes abraided by use, the water will get
to the cotton and by its capillary attraction will disperse itself between
the internal and external coat of rubber, and not being able to get free
will gradually but surely rot the cotton fabric, and by that means
weaken it to such an extent that it will not be able to stand the
necessary pressure of water for a garden supply, and the whole length
will be destroyed. Whilst on the other hand hose made according to
the improved method may be punctured in several places and will
not be the least damaged by water, as all capillary attraction is totally
destroyed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGE CASES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Eley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1869.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS ELEY, of Gray's Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARTRIDGE CASES FOR BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the construction of cartridge cases for breech-
loading fire-arms.
In cartridge cases where a coil of thin metal is employed I so fold,
turn over, or shape the metal that when or after the coil is formed some
part of the metal forming the coil may be used as a clip to secure and
hold the coil in position, the clip being so formed that the metallic coil
can expand when the cartridge is exploded.
According to one method I have found to answer I form a fold or
ridge in the metal for the metallic coil of a cartridge case at a suitable
distance from one of the edges; I then coil the metal with the fold or
ridge lengthwise of the coil, and afterwards turn the folded part or ridge
over upon the edge of the overlapping part of the coil. The folded part

page_text: or ridge after pressure has been applied forms a clip, which secures the
edge of the coil.
I have also found that the edges of the metallic coil may be secured
as follows:-I fold back one edge of the metal; I then coil the metal,
and afterwards turn the folded edge over upon the other edge of the coil
so as to form a clip when pressure is applied, or both edges of the coil
may be folded over one another and secured by pressure.
I also coil the metal spirally and form a clip for securing the coil by
turning part of the end of the inner edge of the coil back over the over-
lapping part of the coil.
I coat the metal, or that part not forming the exterior surface of the
coil, with oil, or beeswax, or beeswax and oil, or varnish, or other material
which will resist the chemical action of the powder. The metallic coil
may be combined or lined partly or wholly with paper or cloth, which
may be coated with wax or other substance to resist the chemical action
of the powder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Livesey and Thomas
Collison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th May 1869.
WC, HENRY LIVESEY, of Green Bank, Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Ironfounder, and THOMAS COLLISON, Patent Agent, of
Blackburn, in the said County, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
We make the height of the machine adjustable to suit different persons
by making the bearings of the front wheel or that carrying them capable
of being moved up or down the legs of the front fork. We make the
treddles of gutta percha, and either bush the hole with metal or not.
For bicycles we get the saddle lower by making the bearing spring
which supports it forked at the tail end, and allowing the hind wheel
of the machine to run in the said fork. We cither join the ends of the
said fork to the ordinary back springs or supporting rods, or dispense
with the said back springs or supporting rods and make the fork long
enough to serve in place of them. Or we make the above-named
bearing spring in two pieces placed side by side with the hind whicel

page_text: running in the space between the said two pieces. We either join
cach pieco to its ordinary back spring or supporting rod or dispense
with the said back springs or supporting rods and make the picces long
enough to serve in place of them, in like manner the pieces may be
continued at the front of the machine, and made to serve the office of
foot rests also. Or we make stronger back springs and support the
saddle on one or two straps of leather.
For bicycles we also fit the machine with one or more legs, which
can be let down when it is required for the machine to stand alone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAILS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pellew Bain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th July 1869.
I, WILLIAM PELLEW BAIN, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex,
3 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SAILS FOR SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
The objects contemplated by my Invention are to construct sails so.
that practically they shall have the same advantages as if battened
across, and yet not be liable to the objections of weights and other
objections which appertain to sails battened in any manner hitherto tried,
and also the strengthening of the sails and lessening the strain on the
sheets, and likewise the reducing of the bellying of the sail when the
ship is under sail, thus enabling the vessel to sail nearer the wind, and
further lessening the danger of and time required for reefing, as in
lowering the yard the sail is kept nearer the mast and is more under
command.
I effect the above objects by constructing the sail with pieces of
canvas, or as they may be termed "flexible battens" secured to the

page_text: same, so that they shall cross from one edge to the other or from a
suitable point near one edge to a suitable point near the other edge, and
these pieces of canvas I should make of triangular form and secure to
the after part of the sail. At or near the middle of these pieces or
flexible battens I have cringles or eyes, through which a rope or jack
stay is to be passed, which is to be fastened to the head of the mast, top
mast, topgallant mast, or royal mast, as the case may be, and then
brought down through the said cringles or eyes to the deck through a
hole on the fore part of the tops, or the rope or jackstay may be brought
down to the tops only and secured there. The centre parts of the cross
pieces or flexible battens should be made of double canvas, as the greatest
strain is on those parts. Instead of forming the cross pieces or flexible
battens of canvas, lines may be employed diverging from the cringles or
eyes to the edges of the sails; and in some cases I would make the
cringles or eyes so large that the same may encompass the mast and
may not be dependent upon the ropes, or there may be two or more eyes
or hoops workable by the medium of ropes or mast.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING OR JOINTING PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Wainwright Whitehead
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st July 1869.
I, RICHARD WAINWRIGHT WHITEHEAD, of Ashton-on-Mersey, in the
County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING OR JOINTING PIPES OR TUBES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to connect or joint together the ends
of pipes or tubes in such wise that a perfect air, steam, or gas tight
coupling may be rapidly effected, and without the aid of india-rubber or
other packing rings.
The ends of the pipes or tubes to be connected are made in the
following manner :-One end is provided with a deep taper annular
recess, and with a shoulder at each edge thereof, and the other end is
made with a taper projection and shoulders corresponding in shape
to the taper recess and shoulders on the other end. Before the ends of
the pipes or tubes are put together a little white lead or other cement is
applied to the joint to make it perfectly tight.
AN IMPROVED DRAG MOTION APPLIED TO THROSTLE FRAMES AND DOUBLING FRAMES USED FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Gregory and Edward
Ainsworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th June 1869.
We, ISAAC GREGORY, of Victoria Park, Manchester, and EDWARD
AINSWORTH, Clayton Bridge, Newton Heath, both of the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DRAG MOTION APPLIED TO THROSTLE FRAMES AND DOUBLING FRAMES
USED FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to decrease and increase the amount
of drag in throstle spinning and doubling. To do this we place each
bobbin upon a disc which is made to revolve concentric with and in
the direction of the bobbin's revolution, or at option in the contrary
direction of the bobbin for the purpose of easing the drag or increasing
it. The disc is made to revolve by means of an endless chain which

page_text: travels along the rail of the frame, and which chain is in gear with a
wheel fixed to and revolving with the disc. The chain is set in motion
by suitable gearing attached to the frame, and the rate of its speed in
travel is regulated by the gearing..
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES, MOTIVE APPARATUS AND WHEELS FOR THE SAME AND FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Banting Rogers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th July 1869.
I, JOHN BANTING ROGERS, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES, MOTIVE APPARATUS AND WHEELS FOR THE SAME
AND FOR OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
I construct a velocipede for one or more persons either by making a
wheel with two tires or circular rims and one centre, nave, hub, or stock,
having spokes which radiate to the right and left, and connect the two
tires or rims to such centre, nave, hub, or stock, or the spokes can be
arranged in distinct sets at or near each end of the nave, hub, or stock,
connecting the two tires or circular rims to the same, and if required
the nave, hub, or stock may be in two or more parts firmly connected
together. Over and behind the centre of this wheel the seat or seats of
the rider or riders is or are placed, being connected by means of framing
or crutch to the nave, hub, stock, or centre, and I provide my velocipede
with treadles, guide and break levers, and other usual appliances.

page_text: Fixed to the seat or seats or to any convenient part of the frame of the
velocipede is a bent lever or rod having at the end which projects beyond
the wheel a counterbalance weight, though in some cases this lever may
be constructed in a forked shape to be used with a single wheel and tire,
with guide rollers slightly above the rim of the wheel. Or a framework
of levers and cams may be connected to the treadle, and thus give the
motive power.
The peculiar construction of wheel herein described, either with or
without the lever and its counterbalance weight, may be adopted for
other uses than the velocipedes, and wheels constructed as above
described may be substituted for any one or both of the wheels of
ordinary velocipedes.
The velocipede above described may be constructed with the ordinary
wheel, or any portion of the above-described arrangements may be applied
to other velocipedes.
A NEW AND IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING FLOWER AND GARDEN POTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1869.
I, WILLIAM GREEN, of Garforth, near Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CLEANING FLOWER AND GARDEN POTS," to be as
follows:-
This apparatus has for its object the cleansing of flower and garden
pots, and removing all deleterious matter, both inside and out, and this
in a most expeditious and economical manner; and to fully explain my
Invention reference is made to the accompanying Drawing.
A box or trough A, A, (made of wood, metal, or carthenware,) holding
wator, in this box or trough a circular brush B is made to revolve on a
spindle, and working partly in the water, a guard C is fitted on one side
to prevent splashing, sufficient surface of the brush remaining exposed to
effect the object in view. By this brush B the external part of the pot
is cleansed. For cleaning the insides of the pots a brush D is fixed on

page_text: the same spindle as brush B at one end, and this brush can be run in
and out of the water at the option of the operator. The trough, brushes,
and guard are fixed on a suitable stand E, E, and the brushes made to
revolve by turning handle F.
A MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Hodgson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
October 1869..
I, NATHAN HODGSON, of New Barnet, in the County of Hertford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
MOTIVE-POWER ENGINE," to be as follows:-
The main feature of my Invention consists in providing certain means
or contrivances upon or within a wheel or drum, and causing water or
other liquid to surround it in such a manner that the wheel or drum is
immersed in the water at one side or portion of the periphery, while the
other side is kept clear of the liquid, whereby the natural buoyancy of
the water being communicated only to one side of the apparatus (the
other side falling according to the law of gravitation) a continuous
movement is given to the wheel in an upward direction from the side
which is immersed in the liquid. To effect this object the apparatus may
be constructed in several forms, but the attainment of the above result
constituting the essence of my Invention I leave myself at liberty to
carry it out cither in the ways hereafter described, or according to the
best mode which experience may afterwards determine. I sometimes
employ a disc or drum having round, segmental, or other chambers

page_text: or cells formed underneath and round the periphery; these chambers
or cells are to contain water and air in alternate rotation, those con-
taining water having openings to communicate with the surrounding
liquid in which the disc or drum is placed. A segment or plate is
disposed so as to fit and completely shield from the surrounding water a
portion or the whole of one side of the disc or drum, and this being made
water-tight against the drum and its water cell openings it completely
deprives the water of its action or buoyancy upon that portion of the
drum protected or covered therewith.
Another arrangement consists in having two or more wheels with
tongues or projections round the perephery somewhat like gear wheels,
but each tongue made very light, or by preference hollow and filled
with air. The wheels are disposed so as to work together like a pair of
gear wheels. When a pair of these wheels is placed in water, having a
water-tight shield at each end, the surrounding body of liquid is not
admitted between them above the point of contact, but it envelopes the
wheels from the point of contact downward and round both outer sides
nearly to the top, by which means a superior lift or buoyancy is given
to the wheels constantly in that direction. The foregoing arrangements
may be varied.
In the former method instead of employing a water-tight segment
or plate the water cell openings may be closed by slides or valves in the
required position, and suitable means can be employed for stopping and
reversing the engine. In the latter method the wheels may be shaped
in a corrugated, fluted, or other suitable form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLE CASES OR NEEDLE HOLDERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith Bartlcct at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st May 1869.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Jüngermann; of Ludenscheid, Prussia....
I, ROBERT SMITH BARTLEET, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester,
Needle Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NEEDLE CASES OR NEEDLE HOLDERS," to be as
follows:-
The said Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts
of needle cases or needle holders in the following manner:-The external
part of the needle case or holder is made by preference of an ornamental
cylindrical figure. Within the said cylindrical part is a series of six
or other number of tubular cases of a length greater than that of the
longest needles to be stored in the case or holder. These tubular cases
are closed at bottom but open at top, and are arranged around and
fixed to an axis, the top end of which projects through a central
opening in the top end of the before-mentioned cylindrical part.
Needles of different sizes are placed in these tubular cases. A finger

page_text: is fixed to the projecting top of the axis, by turning which finger
rotation can be given to the tubular cascs carried by the said axis.
The top end of the cylindrical part is provided with a hole about
midway between its centre and periphery, and by turning the finger
described the open end of either of the tubular cases may be brought
under the said hole; by then inverting the case one or more of the
needles contained in the tubular case brought under the said opening
may be emptied out. The said top may be marked with figures
indicating the different sizes of needles, and so arranged that when the
finger is made to point to any particular number the tubular case
containing the needles of a size corresponding to that number is brought
under the hole in the top end of the cylindrical part. The tubular
cases may be filled from the opening in the top, or the bottom of the
outer cylindrical part may be made removable as well as the bottoms
of the tubular cases, and the said tubular cases may be filled from the
bottom.
The needle case or holder described may be made double, that is, of
a shape similar to that of two of the cases joined together base to base,
needles being removable at either end.
The various parts of the case are made by preference of metal, but
other materials may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISING SHEETS OR PAPERS, BEING AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTISING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH ADVERTISING PAPERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic John Granville and
Henry Gardner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21th November 1869.
We, FREDERIC JOHN GRANVILLE, of Glencrutchery, Douglas, Isle of
Man, Esquire, and HENRY GARDNER, of Elm Bank, Oakfield, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISING SHEETS OR PAPERS, BEING
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTISING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
SUCH ADVERTISING PAPERS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object the production of a cheap and effectual:
means of publishing and advertising notices of public interest at a.
greatly reduced cost to the advertisers, by employing a useful description:
of paper, which can be used as an advertising sheet of a novel character,
at the same time that it is used for wrapping articles, or for other
useful purposes for which the size and description of sheet may be
found suitable. The sheets of paper can be sold to the public at a less
price than a like kind can be obtained for in the ordinary manner; this
is accomplished by the use of cap, or other soft paper, cut or perforated

page_text: as herein-after described, so as to be torn to the required dimensions
(say 6 inches by 6 inches or other convenient size) on one side of which
is printed the required advertisements or other announcements, each
of which it is preferred should be separated by lines, or borders, or in
any other suitable way. For the purpose of rapidity and cheapness in
printing and cutting up the paper to the required size, or perforating
the paper that it may be readily torn up to the desired dimensions, it
is proposed to print and cut or perforate the paper from the web, as
it is delivered from the paper making or finishing machine, by means of
an engraved, cast, or stereotyped cylinder or cylinders, mounted upon
suitable bearings, and provided with inking rollers and ink container,
mounted on the cylinder frame, the composition or inking roller
being in contact with the periphery of the printing cylinder, the endless
band of the finishing machine, may be carried round a roller imme-
diately below the printing cylinder, and which receives the pressure
therefrom, or the web of paper may be delivered from the finishing
machine on to an endless apron, working between the upper and lower
cylinders and returning underneath the lower plain cylinder, and around
rollers at each extremity. The cutting or perforating of the paper can
be done by cutting or punching edges on the printing cylinder, or by
rollers mounted in rear of the printing cylinder; and fitted with suitable
knives of perforating blades, or a series of punches. The printing and
cutting or. perforating cylinders, inking and distributing rollers, and so
forth, may be driven through a band from the finishing machine, or in
any other convenient way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING AND SUSTAINING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Vickers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1869. A communication from abroad by Samuel J. Reeves, of
Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America.
I, ALBERT VICKERS, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING AND SUSTAINING THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved mode of connecting
together the rails of railways, by the adoption of which no holes are
required to be punched through the neck or web of the rail, and
consequently the tendency of the rails to split longitudinally, particularly
when made of steel, is removed.
Secondly. To the construction of a continuous permanent base or
support for the rails of railways. The Invention applies both to double
and single headed rails, but it is preferred to adopt the flat bottomed
or inverted I shaped rail. Under the joint of the rails is placed a
two ribbed plate or trough, and this trough is made fast to the base

page_text: or bottom flanges of the abutting rails by means of side clamps, which
are drawn together and made fast by means of transverse bolts and
nuts. These bolts pass under the rail base and through holes in the
clumps, and lie in notches cut in the ribs of the under plate or
trough. In the edges of the rail base (near the ends) notches are
made to receive projections or stops formed on the inner face of the
clamps for the purpose of locking the parts together, and preventing
the creeping of the rails. The upper lips of the clamps are bevilled
to correspond with the upper and inclined surfaces of the rail base.
When therefore all the pieces are in place, and the nuts are run on
the ends of the screw bolts, the clamps will "draw" on the inclines
of the rail base, and the whole will thus be firmly and tightly bound
together. By extending the under face of the side clamps laterally,
so as to give them a broad base, and continuing the clamps and the
ribbed plate or trough through the whole length of the line, and
arranging these parts so that they shall break joint with the rails
and with each other, a continuous bearing and support will be provided
for the rails. The ribbed plates and clamps may be made of a length
corresponding to that of the rails. To prevent the nuts from working
loose they will when tightened up be secured by stop washers.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF REMOVING PRINT FROM PAPER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Kircher and Emile Ebner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th October 1869.
We, JULES KIRCHER, of Cannstadt, Chemist, and EMILE EBNER, of
Stuttgard, Printer, both of Wurtemberg, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF REMOVING PRINT FROM PAPER,"
to be as follows:-
The paper is bleached by plunging it in a pure tepid water bath, to
which is added ten per cent. of caustic soda, caustic potash, or caustic
lime. It is allowed to remain therein twenty-four hours; the whole is then
put in the cylinder engine (the Hollander); it is then ground very small,
the boiled substance is thrown on a linen and allowed to strain; it is
then washed in pure water mixed with ten per cent. of muriatic acid,
oxalic acid, acetic acid, saccharate, or oxalic acid salt, in which it is
allowed to remain twenty-four hours; it is then made into paper, or it
may be dried and used in the manufacture of the finest paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CEMENTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thompson Rickard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th April 1869.
I, WILLIAM THOMPSON RICKARD, of 2, Crown Court, Threadneedle
Street, in the City of London, Assayer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF CEMENTS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of cements which will resist
the action of hot and cold water, steam, and fire. The solid portion of
these cements consists of carbonate of lime, clay, plaster of Paris,
hydraulic cement, lime, bole, red lead, litharge, or other substances
which have been previously, as is well known, applied to similar
purposes, but which have hitherto been mixed with linseed or other
drying oils to prepare them for use.
I carrying the present Invention into effect instead of using drying oil
or oils, silicate of potash or soda or other alkaline silicate is employed in
combination with the before-mentioned solid ingredients. The aqueous
portion of the silicate combines with such ingredients as have a chemical

page_text: affinity for water, and thereby solidifies the same, the presence of the
metallic substance or substances where such is or are employed having
the property of imparting great toughness and strength to the cement,
while the alkaline silicate acts on the calcareous salt or salts, and
produces a hard silicate of lime, thus constituting a cement which is
capable of being applied to a great variety of useful purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF PACKING CASES, BOXES, AND TRUNES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lewis Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th January 1869.
I, IIENRY LEWIS HARRIS, of 33, Somerset Street, Aldgate, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF PACKING CASES,
BOXES, AND TRUNES," to be as follows:-
To secure the absolute safety of the contents of cases, boxes, and
trunks from theft or other dishonest act by rendering it impossible,
unless the case, box, or trunk be absolutely defaced or broken, and
thereby damaged or destroyed, for their contents to be tampered with or
stolen.
This Invention consists in making the ends or sides of boxes, cases,
or trunks deeper than usual, thereby causing the top and bottom to bo
filted in and fixed in their place. The nails are driven transversly, that
is to say, at right angles to each other, in every edge of the aforesaid
case or box, but the mouth or opening of the trunk will be lined inside
and covered outside with the same material and in the same way as

page_text: the trunk is covered and lined. Goods will be packed from the bottom,
the bottom fitting in and nailed transversly, same as the cases or
boxes aforesaid, making it impossible to open the trunk without cutting
the cloth or otherwise breaking or damaging it, thus doubly securing
them, and preventing any side, top, or bottom being forced open without
the case, box, or trunk being defaced, damaged, or broken.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hans Peter Hansen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
February 1869.
I, HANS PETER HANSEN, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES," to be as follows, that is to say:―
In the improved stoves constructed in accordance with this Invention
the fire chamber is lined with fire-brick, and the unburnt gases and
smoke given off by the fuel during combustion ascend through
chambers situated above the fire chamber in a zig-zag direction on
passing to the smoke pipe or chimney. This is effected by dividing
the stove into separate chambers (which may be of any desired number)
by horizontal divisions or dampers, openings being left in these
alternately at opposite sides of the stove, so that as the unburnt gases
and smoke produced during combustion ascend they enter each chamber
at one side and escape into the chamber above at the opposite side.
The lowest or fire chamber is provided with two doors and lined with
fire-brick, the lining between the two doors being supported on a
transverse iron plate. The brander plate on which the fuel rests is

page_text: supported at the back on the brick lining, and at the front by an iron
bar or by projections cast on the stove. A ventilator is fitted in the
front of the stove to admit air and regulate the rate of combustion.
The stove may be of any desired shape or form, and the exterior may
of an ornamental or plain character.
be
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS THROUGH THE CLOSING OF DOORS AND WINDOWS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1869.-A. communication from abroad by Theophile
Périer and Jules Martin, both of No. 23, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
Paris, France,
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
APPLIANCE OR APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS THROUGH THE CLOSING OF
DOORS AND WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to obviate the danger arising in
doors and windows opening on hinges from their liability on being
closed to jam the fingers or hands of persons placed incautiously
between the edge of the door or window and the door post or frame
when the door or window is open.
The Invention consists in the employment of a hinge or hinged flap
extending the entire length of the door, or nearly so, and so arranged as
to cover the space formed by the moving of the edge of the hinged side

page_text: of the door or window away from the frame. Such binge or hinged flap
may be arranged in various ways; thus the one part of the hinge may
be fixed to the said edge of the door or window, while the other part
slides by means of pins or antifriction rollers between guides fixed
against the door post or framing as the door or window opens or closes,
and thus always covers the before-mentioned space between the edge of
the door or window and the framing; or the one flap of the hinge may
be fixed to the door post or framing, and the pins or antifriction rollers
be made to slide between guides on the face of the door.
This Invention is applicable not only for doors and windows of houses
but also to those of railway and other carriages, steam boats, and other
ships; and, in fact, to doors and windows of any description that open
on hinges.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Miles Wrigley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June
1869.
I, MILES WRIGLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE
PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS UPON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended to prevent those accidents which frequently
arise from persons attempting to cross the line of railway at a station in
front of an advancing train, or from their entering or leaving a carriage
whilst the train is in motion, and consists principally of a fence or railing
that can be raised at the edge of the platform when required to prevent
persons from crossing the line or entering or leaving the carriages, and
lowered again when not required.
At suitable distances along the edge of the platform I propose to erect
posts or pillars, each having a vertical groove on the outside, in which
slides a toothed rack to which the fence or railing is attached. A
longitudinal shaft is also provided fitted with a number of toothed
pinions, one of which gears with each rack, so that upon turning the

page_text: said shaft round in either direction by means of a winch handle or other-
wise all the pinions revolve at once, and by means of the toothed racks
with which they are in gear raise or lower the whole length of the fence
or railing. Each rack is provided with a chain which passes upwards
over a pulley near the top of the pillar, and carries a weight at its other
end in order to counterbalance the weight of the fence or railing. The
latter when lowered either descends outside the edge of the platform, or
it may be lowered into a groove formed for that purpose near to the edge
thereof, in which latter case the top rail of the fence is made of such a
width as to completely close and fill up the orifice of the groove in the
platform when the fence is lowered.