An Improved Process for Producing Permanent Paintings on Velvet, Satin, Silk, and other Fabrics, and in Colors to be Used for the same.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for Producing Permanent Paintings on Velvet,
Satin, Silk, and other Fabrics, and in Colors to be Used for the
same.
I, ELISE BENDER, of No. 6 Hedemann Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Artist, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention, and in what manner the same is to he
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to an improved process for producing permanent paintings
on velvet, satin, silk and other fabrics, and in colors to be used for the same. In order
to carry my improved process into effect I proceed as follows:-
The fabric to be treated can be fixed in various manners; by fixing the same to a
drawing board by means of suitable drawing pins and by stretching the fabric on an
embroidery or other suitable frame, the latter being preferably used when the
painting is used in combination with embroidery or for applying to other materials.
Painting on velvet is, as is the case with painting in crayon, specially adapted
for producing larger forms; it is, for instance, not advisable to paint flowers smaller
than the natural size of a wild rose and birds not much smaller than a sparrow.
When the fabric to be painted has been fixed to the embroidery or other frame
the drawing can be attached to the rear side of the fabric and be traced by means
of a pointed lead pencil, or the tracing can be closely perforated with a fine needle
and be fixed to the fabric and a brown powdered other color suited to the coloring
of the painting rubbed through the perforations and the outlines thus produced fixed
by means of alcoholic, spirit or other vapor without stain.
In order to prevent the fine powder from penetrating beyond the outlines of the
picture and to retain the fabric without stain, the powder is first rubbed on the table
through the drawing, then the same is lightly dusted out and the remainder. of the
If this second method is
powder in the fine perforations rubbed into the fabric.
employed and the outlines are not sufficiently sharp the perforated part of the
drawing can be transferred in fine pencil lines on the right side of the fabric, the frame
being held against the light.
In order to produce the sharp outlines or hatched' shading the powdered color to
be employed is rubbed or mixed with alcohol or other volatile fluid, a small
quantity of color taken up with a fine hair brush and the fine outlines and dark shade
lines drawn with the same.
For all colors which can be worked up into crayon form I prefer to use such made
according to my improved process, but as some colors are difficult to be so worked
up or manufactured I employ such said colors in specially prepared finely powdered
form. The drawing is executed with my improved crayon in precisely the same manner
as with the well known pastil crayons, chalk or charcoal, but very great care must be
taken in pointing the crayons as the same are equally as brittle as pastil crayons.
The parts springing or breaking off must be carefully collected for further use.
the colors can be intermixed or blended and be distributed by rubbing with the finger.
or an appropriate rubber, the same as in painting with crayon.
All
In order to produce a deep under tone I prefer to apply a deep brown by means of
my umber or other appropriate pastil or color, and then fix this color before pro-
ceeding to lay on the other colors.
As soon as the ground tone has become fixed the other colors of the drawing or
painting can be applied and preferably by means of my improved pastil crayons, but
like effects can be produced by employing my improved finely powdered colors, the
manufacture of which I will now proceed to describe.
The colors, preferably earthy or mineral, are reduced to a very fine powder to which

page_text: I add a finely powdered gum or gum resin soluble in alcohol, either hydrocarbons or
other volatile solvent. After the component parts have been intimately mixed I
either add a suitable volatile solvent of the gum or guin resin under stirring, or 1
beat the mixture under continuous stirring. The so treated mass is now allowed to
stand until the solvent has evaporated or to cool until the mass has become solid, after
which the said mass is reduced to an extremely fine powder. This fine powder can
be used direct as a color and be applied to the texture to be painted by means
of the leather rubbers used in pastil painting, or by means of an appropriate brush.
The color must be thoroughly rubbed into the fabric that the fibres are not
only colored at the tip but entirely down to the ground of the material.
In order
to produce pastil crayons from my improved colors, the same are subjected to pressure
in appropriate forms, and, if requisite, previously mixed with an appropriate adhesive
in order to cause the proper adherence of the particles but without rendering the same
hard and preventing the ready application of the said color.
After the picture or painting has been completed or during the various stages of the
operation the colors, which could otherwise be dusted or beaten out are fixed to the
fibres of the texture or fabric so as to renter the picture or painting or drawing
permanent. This process of fixing or rendering the colors permanent can be effected
in two manners, id est, cold, by ejecting a very fine spray of alcohol and venetian
turpentine or other appropriate solvent on to the same, or by subjecting the entire
picture, painting or drawing to the heated vapor of alcohol, ether, hydro-carbon or
other appropriate solvent.
If the textures or fabrics painted or decorated with my improved colors are to
be subjected to considerable use I prefer to strew finely powdered gum or gum
resin of the kind, mentioned above lightly over the saine, and then submit the
entire painting or picture to the action of the cold spray as aforedescribed or the action
of the vapors as abovementioned.
The advantages obtained by employing my improved process are of such importance
than a comparison with ordinary pastil paintings or drawings is not possible, the finest
shades and tones are obtained without in any way deteriorating the natural lustre of
the velvet or other material or fabric treated, the paintings or drawings are rendered
permanent and chairs, sofas, couche and other articles of furniture can be used without
any fear of damaging the painting or picture..
The fabrics treated on my process can also be employed for screens of all kinds, for
decorating walls, as imitation gobelins, for the covers of albums, books and such like
for toilet tables and services and the manifold articles to which fabrics can be
employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. My improved process for producing permanent paintings or drawings on velvet,
satin, silk and other fabrics by first painting or drawing the desired, objects on the
fabric by means of appropriately prepared crayons or dry colors and the rendering
the colors so laid onto the fabric permanent, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
2. Preparing the outlines for the painting or picture to be produced on the velvet
or other fabric by attaching the tracing to the back of the said fabric exposing
the same to the light and copying or tracing the outlines of the same onto the surface
of the fabric or by perforating the tracing with a fine needle, rubbing a brown or
other appropriate finely powdered color made according to my process through the
perforations of the tracing into the fabric and then rendering the color permanent.
by means of alcohol, .ether, hydro-carbon or other appropriate volatile solvent of gum
or gumi resin or by means of a fine spray composed of alcohol and venetian turpentine
or other appropriate solvent, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3. Producing sharp outlines or hatched shading and light and heavy lines by mixing
my improved finely powdered color with alcohol or other volatile solvent, and applying

page_text: the same to the velvet or other fabric by means of a fine hair pencil, substantially as
set forth.
4. Painting or drawing on velvet or other fabric by means of my improved pastil
crayons and rendering the same permanent in cold or warm manner, substantially
as described.
5. Painting or drawing on velvet or other fabric by means of my improved finely
powdered colors and a leather rubber or etampon and then rendering the painting
or drawing permanent by means of a fine spray of alcohol and venetian turpentine
or other solvent, or by the warm or hot vapor of alcohol, ether, hydro-carbon or other
appropriate solvent substantially as described.
6. Rendering pictures, paintings or drawings, executed with my improved pastil
crayons or dry finely powdered colors permanent, by treating the same with a fine
spray of alcohol. and venetian turpentine or other solvent or by the vapor of alcohol
ether, bydro-carbon or other appropriate volatile solvent, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
7. Rendering pictures, paintings or drawings executed with my improved pastil
crayons or dry finely powdered colors and destined for considerable use, permanent,
as described and claimed in claim 6, then strewing the picture, painting or drawing
with finely powdered gum or gum resin and then treating the picture painting or
drawing with a fine spray of alcohol and turpentine or other appropriate solvent
or the vapor from alcohol, ether, hydro-carbon or other appropriate solvent of guins
or gum resins, substantially as described.
8. The manufacture of dry finely powdered colors according to my process for
painting or drawing on velvet, satin, silk or other fabric by mixing earthy, mineral
or other colors with finely powdered gum or gum resin, dissolving the latter by
a volatile solvent or heat, allowing the mixture to become solid and then reducing
the same to a fine powder, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
9. The manufacture of pastil crayons from my improved finely powdered colors
by subjecting the same to pressure alone or by mixing the same with an adhesive
and then subjecting this mixture to pressure, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Dated this 10th day of Sentember 1880
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Associate Agent.