matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING OR MIXING VARIOUS COLOURS OF WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS FOR TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oldroyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June 1861.
I, JOHN OLDROYD, of Dewsbury, in the West Riding of the County of York,
Woollen Manufacturer and Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING OR MIXING VARIOUS COLOURS OF
WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES IN THE PREPARATION OF YARNS FOR TEXTILE
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in forming separate lumps or tufts of wool or
other fibrous substances of various or different colours, by passing rovings of
such various colours betwixt card rollers or cylinders, and stripping or doffing
the same in lumps or tufts on to a creeper or travelling apron, which conducts
them to the ordinary doffer of the carding engine, to which they are attached
by means of a rotating brush at a point thereon previous to its contact with
the surface of the swift or main cylinder, whereby such various coloured tufts
are combined or mixed with the ordinary cardings, and thus produce irregular
and parti-coloured or various coloured yarns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Greenwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1861.
I, JOHN GREENWOOD, of Rawden, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinner, do hereby declare the na ure of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBRES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the adaptation of certain varying speeds. to some
of the parts of machinery for combing wool and other fibres, by which important
advantages are obtained.
First, in relation to what are called "Rawson's machines," my improve-
ments consist in the adaptation of increased varying speed to the carriage or
means for feeding the circle or other carrying combs, to that obtained by the
simple crank motion now employed for that purpose, such that the feeding
means may travel more quickly up to the carrying combs, and slower when
laying on to them and during the drawing back of such feeding means till
the fibre laid has become loosened. For this purpose I give motion to such
carriage or feeding means by toothed wheels placed eccentrically on their axes
or by the use of elliptical wheels. I also apply similar means to give motion
to the "dividing bar."
My improvements also relate to what are generally called "Lister's machines,"
or such as employ nipping apparatus between the feed and the carrying combs,

page_text: and consist in adapting the to-and-fro motions to the nippers, as also to the
carrying or porter comb, so that each of these may be moving much slower when
taking, and again when delivering fibre, and then faster between those times
than is now obtained by the simple crank motions employed, by which
important advantages are obtained. I find that the use of toothed wheels of
an elliptical form enable me readily to obtain these variations of speed. This
part of the improvements is also applicable to other wool-combing apparatus
employing nipping apparatus in carrying or transferring fibre from feeding
means.
Also the improvements relate to working the jaws of nipping apparatus
used in combing wool and other fibres, by screw motion, one jaw (when two
jaws are used) being worked, by preference, by right, and the other by left-
handed threads, by which a more gradual and powerful nip is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING SHIPS' BOTTOMS FROM FOULING
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pellew Bain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1861.
I, WILLIAM PELLEW BAIN, of Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING SHIPS' BOTTOMS FROM FOULING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in cementing canvas or other textile fabrics to the
bottoms of ships, using asphalte, by preference, for the cement. After a ship
has been sufficiently long at sea for her bottom to become foul, I strip off the
canvas, which will carry with it all the animalculæ and other matters which
usually foul the bottoms of ships.
My Invention further consists in paying over ships' bottoms with asphalte
or other bitumenous or adhesive composition in which zinc or copper filings, or
both, have been mixed or incorporated.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING BAGS, WRAPPERS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES MADE OF PAPER OR OTHER MATERIALS AND IN ANY FORM
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Niay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1861.
I, GUSTAVE NIAY, of Faubourg Poissonnière, Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF UTILIZING BAGS, WRAPPERS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES MADE OF PAPER
OR OTHER MATERIALS AND IN ANY FORM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in rendering bags, wrappers, or other similar articles
made of paper or other materials, and in any form, useful not only to contain
articles sold by shopkeepers or others, but also as a medium for advertizing
the businesses of several persons, or other forms of advertizements by printing
same on the outside of bags, or on one or both sides of wrappers, or other
articles used for making up parcels or packages.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING BREAD, AND OBTAINING STARCH FROM THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED SIMULTANEOUSLY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Anthonissen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 17th April
1861.
I, HENRY ANTHONISSEN, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Baker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF MAKING BREAD, AND OBTAINING STARCH FROM THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED
SIMULTANEOUSLY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the making of bread & extraction of starch at
the same time, & is effected by the following operations :-The flour is put in
a trough & mixed with cold water; the dough, which is made in the usual
manner, is then put into a washing apparatus, to which an alternating circular
movement is given; this effects a thorough separation of the two substances
gluten & farine. Openings made at the bottom of the zinc receptacle of the
washing apparatus permit the liquid containing the starch to pass into tubes
which conduct it to sieves; these sieves receive a horizontal circular move-
ment which effects a perfect separation. The glutinous part which cannot
pass through the sieves is thrown by these last upon hoppers, from which it
falls into vats. The gluten soon forms a compact mass, & is taken out of the
apparatus by two small doors made one in the zinc receptacle, the other in
the vat; buckets are then filled with the dough, & conduct it to the fermenting
vat, from which, when properly fermented, it is lastly removed to the kneading
trough for the making of bread. By these operations starch is obtained; &
bread made at the same time.
AN IMPROVED CHIMNEY TOP, CAP, OR COWL, FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE DESCENT OF SOOTY EXHALATIONS, CURING OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS, AND VENTILATION OF APARTMENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1861.
I, JAMES WALKER, of the Knockagh, Carrickfergus, County Antrim,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CHIMNEY TOP, CAP, OR COWL, FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE DESCENT OF SOOTY
EXHALATIONS, CURING OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS, AND VENTILATION OF APARTMENTS," to
be as follows:-
1st, the construction of pots, cowls, or windguards full of small holes or slits,
so that the wind when bounding against the pot has its force broken up, and
is minutely subdivided, so that in mixing with the heated air within the pot
it accelerates the expulsion of the same.
2nd, to prevent downward draughts, and to facilitate the expulsion of the
smoke, I add to the above pot an elastic top which bends over with the force
of the wind, and readjusts itself when the wind ceases, which constant motion
also prevents the soot being deposited.
The body of the pot or windguard can be made of wire, of any kind of
metal, clay, stone, wood, or other material, and can be made of any shape.
The elastic top can be made of coiled wire or a collection of coiled wires
or of thin strips of steel or other metal fastened round and to the body of
the pot, which elastic top being open at the top allows the free exit of the
smoke and offers no obstruction to the brush when cleansing the chimney.
These are the principal points of my Invention, but the details may be varied
to suit circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alcidalis Auguste Romain Damoi-
seau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th August 1861.
I, ALCIDALIS AUGUSTE ROMAIN DAMOISEAU, of Paris, France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR
BAKING BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has reference to an improved construction of kiln for baking
or firing bricks, tiles, drain pipes, or other similar articles of clay or other
suitable plastic materials, and the same consists principally in arranging the
kiln in such manner that all or part of the feed air is properly heated on
reaching the fuel so as to obtain a better combustion of this latter, whilst at
the same time the construction of the kiln allows of the articles being more
equally heated or fired than was the case in the kilns hitherto made use of.
For this purpose I prefer giving an ellipsoidal shape to the inside of the kiln,
this inside being lined with fire-bricks and provided with vertical draught
furrows. The floor of the kiln is provided with a series of vaults forming fire-
places, and communicating with lateral openings or perforations, with which
are provided suitable tubes imbedded in the inside of the brickwork by which
the vaults are separated from each other, the said tubes opening on the
outside so as to cause the air to pass through the said tubes, and be suitably
heated before reaching the fuel in the said vaults, these latter being further
provided on the top with openings for allowing the heated air and other
products of the combustion of the fuel to pass through the materials in the

page_text: oven and the above-mentioned draught furrows, which latter communicate at
the top of the oven with one or more chimneys. The oven is further provided
with suitable openings for filling the same or for extracting the articles after
having been fired.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Biddell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1861.
I, WILLIAM BIDDELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOT," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
I take iron in a molten state and alloy it with nickel, arsenic, or lead, pre-
ferring the oxides of these metals. I employ of nickel about one ounce to ten
pounds of iron; when arsenic is used, I employ about eight ounces to ten
pounds, and when lead is used, about two pounds to ten pounds of iron.
These are to be intimately mixed with the molten iron. I can employ each
alloy separately with the iron, or all combined, and the proportions will admit
of much variation. The hot metal is then granulated by being run over a
polished surface through combs which regulate the size, the polished surface
being agitated during the operation. The shot being thus produced, I proceed
to coat it to prevent oxydation. This may be done by galvanizing, tining,
coating with mercury, or any other equivalent process. I can also by this
process make shot of iron alone unalloyed.
AN IMPROVED WATCH MOVEMENT
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Cook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1861.
I, GEORGE COOK, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, Watchmaker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATCH
MOVEMENT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing the "movement" of watches of two
plates, as hereafter described, and in sinking the wheels contained between
the plates in the thickness of the bottom plate. The top plate is formed with
a flange around almost the entire circumference, and is provided with pins
projecting downwards from the flange, and which enter holes formed for their
reception in the bottom plate.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR LADIES' WEAR
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Myers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1861.
I, ABRAHAM MYERS, of Hutchison Street, Houndsditch, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR LADIES' WEAR,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of boots, more particularly
adapted for ladies' wear, in such a manner that in fine weather a lady may
walk out in a light colored boot, and should the weather suddenly change to
wet, may so reverse the upper or colored portions as to bring to view a dark
upper, or one more suitable to the weather. This is effected by attaching a
wing or false half upper to the front seam of the boot, said boot being of
different colors, one on each side, the wing is also of two colors to correspond
with the color on either side of the boot, so that by throwing the wing or half-
upper from one side to the other an entire boot is seen of one or the other
color. This wing or flap is to be secured to the lower part of the boot near
the sole by buttons, hooks, studs, catches, or other suitable fastenings.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ÅRRESTING THE PROGRESS OF RAILWAY ACCIDENTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Williams Baker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1861.
I, GEORGE WILLIAMS BAKER, of Park Nook, Quorndon, in the County of
Derby, Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ÅRRESTING THE PROGRESS OF RAILWAY ACCIDENTS," to
be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to prevent the recurrence of that class of
accidents to railway trains which arise from the breaking of a wheel or
axle.
This object I propose to attain by so coupling the several carriages of the
train together as to provide a support for all the carriages and the engine,
which support shall come into action when a tyre is broken, or other like
accident occurs, that would, if the vertical position of the injured carriage were
not maintained, cause the displacement of the train from the line of rails.
The improvement consists in coupling the carriages together by chains or
other suitable pendent couplings attached at their opposite ends to brackets on
the ends of the several carriages. The chains or other couplings are so
arranged as to allow of their being severally connected to the preceding or
following carriages (as the case may be) near the lower corners thereof. By
this arrangement in case of the breakage or dislocation of any tyre, wheel, or
axle, the carriage so damaged will instead of falling over be suspended upon

page_text: the chain from the adjoining carriage, and thus be prevented from running off
the line.
The chains or other couplings must be attached at all times during the
progress of the train, but they are to hang in such a position as not to take a
bearing or influence the motion of the carriages in any way until a dislocation
or breakage takes place, when they will immediately come into operation.
The couplings I propose to provide with a means of adjustment for regulating
their tension to suit material variations in the load of adjoining carriages and
for other obvious reasons. The couplings are to be applied and adjusted (if
necessary) at the time of making up the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GARDEN POTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Neale May at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1861.
I, CHARLES NEALE MAY, of Devizes, in the County of Wilts, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GARDEN POTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in garden pots, although applicable to
earthen pots for all kinds of flowers and plants, is principally adapted for large
pots to contain fruit trees, camelias, & other large plants in greenhouses &
otherwise. It consists in forming earthen & other porous ware pots with a
cup or basin surrounding it on the exterior about midway of the height of the
pot, or there may be two or more such basins disposed at different heights
on the exterior of the pot. The basin or basins are formed of a piece with
the pot, or they may be made separately & afterwards applied & cemented
thereto to render their junction water-tight. I place water in these basins,
which by reason of the porosity of the pot, penetrates it, & moistens the earth
inside, & so feeds the roots of the plants. If only one basin is used, I dispose
it at about the middle of the height of the pot, & in all cases place the
highest one (where more than one is used) some distance from the top as the
capillary attraction distributes the water in an upward direction, the object
being to keep the exterior of the pot cool,.& also to distribute the water as
much as possible throughout the earth in the interior.
I am aware that garden pots have been before made with a water cup or

page_text: basin surrounding them, but only at the top, merely moistening the surface
of the earth therein. I make the bead or rim at the top of the pot suffi-
ciently large in diameter, so that when two or more pots stand close side by
side, the basins or rings do not touch each other, thereby preventing the water
chambers getting fractured by being pushed one against the other. I make
the encircling basin or ring very strong to facilitate the operation of repotting
trees & other plants, it being then necessary to turn the pot upside down, &
give it a blow (which I prefer to. take effect on the ring) to shake the plant
out; I further improve flower- & other garden pots by glazing a certain
part or parts of the pot to prevent moisture penetrating where it is not
required.
TREATING CERTAIN ANIMAL SINEWS IN ORDER TO CONVERT THEM INTO FIBRES OR THREADS, PREPARING SUCH THREADS OR FIBRES TO PREVENT DECOMPOSITION, AND THE EMPLOY- MENT OF THE THREADS OR FIBRES ALONE, OR MIXED WITH OTHER FIBRES, FOR ALL PURPOSES FOR WHICH FIBRES ARE NOW USED
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Marie Jules Bourcier and
Thomas Allan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th February 1861.
We, CLAUDE MARIE JULES BOURCIER, of Paris, France, Gentleman, and
THOMAS ALLAN, of Adelphi Terrace, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "TREATING
CERTAIN ANIMAL SINEWS IN ORDER TO CONVERT THEM INTO FIBRES OR THREADS,
PREPARING SUCH THREADS OR FIBRES TO PREVENT DECOMPOSITION, AND THE EMPLOY-
MENT OF THE THREADS OR FIBRES ALONE, OR MIXED WITH OTHER FIBRES, FOR ALL
PURPOSES FOR WHICH FIBRES ARE NOW USED," to be as follows:-
The animal sinews which we treat are the genital organs of bulls (nerfs de
boeufs), and our Invention consists in flattening them between rolls or by
beating, and in separating the fibres by means of combs or cards, in preventing
decomposition therein either before or after being carded or combed, whereby
also their strength is encreased by means of antiseptic agents, for which pur-
poses we employ salts of alumina or of chromium, chloride of aluminium, or
of mercury; or we submit them to the process of tanning, and we use fibres or
threads thus prepared from the sinews aforesaid, alone or mixed with other
fibres for spinning for ropes and cordage, for straps and bands, and for the
manufacture of cloths and textile fabrics, and generally for all purposes for
which fibrous materials are now used.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE COVERS OF TIN OR OTHER METAL CASES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Chatonet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petitiou, on the 13th June
1861.
I, ETIENNE CHATONET, junior, of La Rochelle, in the Department of the
Lower Charente, in the Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING THE COVERS OF TIN OR OTHER METAL CASES," to be as follows:-
The machine (solidly supported on a block of wood) is composed of two
cast-iron puppets united by a sockle of considerable strength to insure the
rigidity of the apparatus. A shaft passes from one puppet to another, re-
volving in bronze bearings, and carrying at one end a pinion maintained in
position by a screw, and at the other a mill or roller in cast steel, repre-
senting in relief the moulding intended for the covering of the boxes.
Immediately below the shaft first mentioned a second shaft traverses the
two puppets, and this also revolves in bronze bearings. The upper bearings
are moveable, and this is obtained by press screws, allowing space for a
conical gearing. wheel at one end, the other being furnished with a mill or
roller in cast steel. This disposition of the two mills (for milling or rolling
the tin) allows them to approach and retire at the will of the operator; and it
will be understood that a band of any metal submitted to this rolling mill will
be forcibly moulded and thinned in one or more revolutions of the apparatus,
especially at the parts where the contact is most direct. To complete this
description of the machine, I will add that the screw, which advances or retires

page_text: the upper shaft to or from the lower shaft, carries a sector or rack, which gears
into a small pinion placed in the centre of a dial, on which an index indicates
with mathematical precision the degree of thinness to which the metal sub-
mitted to the rolls or mills is to be brought, otherwise it might unintentionally
be cut through by the force applied.
This machine may be used for milling lids of boxes of every shape and
dimension, thinning them specially where the knife is to pass in opening
the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HERMETICALLY STOPPERING OR COVERING JARS, POTS, VASES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by André Marie Augustin Pichery
and Pierre Louis Danais at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd December 1861.
We, ANDRE MARIE AUGUSTIN PICHERY and PIERRE LOUIS DANAIS, both of
Nantes, in the Department of the Loire Inférieure, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HERMETICALLY STOPPERING OR COVERING JARS, POTS, VASES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
We propose, firstly, to polish with emery the rim of the pot or vase and also
the edge of its cover to form a circular throat or groove surrounding exteriorly
the mouth of the pot or vase, and a similar groove on the cover, which two
grooves will -materially assist the soldering with mastic by which the pot or
vase is to be hermetically closed. Or instead of grinding flat with emery the
rim of the vase and of its cover so as to place them in juxtaposition the one
above the other, the circular edge of the cover may be beveled and ground
with emery, and this bevel, together with the inner protuberance of the rim of
the pot or vase will assist the hermetical stopping. The circular cover or lid,
as well as its upper median, will present a square button, larger at top than at
bottom, which with the arrangement of the inner throat of the pot or vase
will assist in the perfect retention of the mastic.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE ATTACHED TO THE BAYONET OR BARREL OF A RIFLE OR OTHER FIRE-ARM FOR ESTIMATING DISTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Corke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1861.
T, EDGAR CORKE, of Southborough, Tunbridge Wells, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT TO BE ATTACHED TO THE BAYONET OR BARREL OF A
RIFLE OR OTHER FIRE-ARM FOR ESTIMATING DISTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improved instrument is intended to be attached with facility on the
bayonet or barrel of a rifle or other fire-arm, the purpose being to place it as
far from the eye as possible, so that the object to be aimed at shall entirely fill
the aperture of the said instrument or guage to the exclusion of all sur-
rounding objects.
The said instrument consists of a guage, with a vertical slot or aperture
furnished with a vertical slide, in the usual manner. Each side of the said
aperture is marked with a scale to suit objects of different heights ranging at
distances from fifty yards upwards.
When the said instrument is intended for attachment to the barrel of a
rifle, it is connected by a joint to the extreme end of a jointed arm fitted with
a socket, into which the end of the rifle barrel is inserted; but when for use
on the bayonet, the said instrument has a triangular aperture (instead of the
jointed arm) into which the bayonet is inserted.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT CARRIAGES OF RAILWAY TRAINS & THEIR ENGINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1861.
I, JAMES BADCOCK, of Canball Gate, Wanstead, in the County of Essex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT CARRIAGES OF RAILWAY TRAINS
& THEIR ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of ordinary signals, known as fog
signals, for the purposes of signalling above mentioned (or it may be any other
apparatus that will make an equally loud report); these I place on the roof
or other convenient part of the carriages, and apply an apparatus whereby to
strike and discharge the fog signal; this may consist of a hammer carried by
a spring and sustained at all times at a sufficient height above the signal. A
pendant, cord, or other means of operating the hammer is provided, which
depends through the carriage roof. When a passenger desires to call the
attention of the guard or engine driver, he strikes a blow-with-the hammer
that discharges the explosive instrument, and so producing the signal desired.
The same means is also suitable for communication between the guard and
engine driver. and vice versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO POUCHES, PURSES, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Henry Twilley and
Albert Romer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th January 1861.
We, FREDERICK HENRY TWILLEY and ALBERT ROMER, both of Dean Street,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO POUCHES, PURSES, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE
RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of tobacco pouches, purses, and
other such like receptacles, by placing within them a thin lining of caoutchouc,
while the outer covering may be formed of leather, cloth, silk, velvet, or
other suitable fabric, and may be made with a flap and spring catch, or other
suitable fastening, the principal object being to keep the tobacco moist, or
when used for carrying percussion caps, or other articles susceptible of injury
from moisture, are rendered waterproof by the means above mentioned.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOLING OR DRYING, INFUSING, EXTRACTING, OR ABSORBING VAPOURS AND GASES FOR MANUFACTURING, MEDICAL, OR DOMESTIC PURPOSES, AND FOR PRESERVING LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS, ALIMENTARY OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jolley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 3rd July
1861.
I, RICHARD JOLLEY, of 47, St. John Street, Smithfield, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOLING OR DRYING, INFUSING, EXTRACTING,
OR ABSORBING VAPOURS AND GASES FOR MANUFACTURING, MEDICAL, OR DOMESTIC
PURPOSES, AND FOR PRESERVING LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS, ALIMENTARY OR OTHERWISE,"
to be as follows:-
This apparatus or enclosure may be constructed any shape or size, move-
able for transit, or fixed, and upon any non-conducting principle, wholly or in
part of pulp or fibrous substance woven, compressed animal or vegetable
matter, or made to cohere with any liquid or waterproof matter, resinous,
vitrious, or otherwise, the same being fixed especially round all angles and joints
to exclude air, water, heat, or cold. Within the top or any other part of this
enclosure is fitted a vessel or vessels, metallic or otherwise, corrugated, ribbed,
angulated or not, with curved, eliptical, circular, angular, or flat sides, ends, or
bottom, or all of such a form as will cause the adhesion of vapours during the
process of extraction. These vessels are provided with pipes, traps, and
drains for quickly carrying off what is extracted, and may be used with a con-
tinuous flow or force of hot or cold water or air through pipes or not, or to
be charged especially on the upper part with any liquids or solids, mixed or
otherwise, natural or artificial, producing heat or cold according to tempera-

page_text: ture required, and these vessels may be double or one within another, and the
space between may be exhausted or filled with any kind of liquid or solid in
like manner as the aforesaid vessels, or warmed by gas or any other means.
Within the enclosure is placed, in moveable cases or otherwise, any absorbing
liquid or solid which has an affinity for the particular gas or vapour which is
required to be absorbed or extracted; and to prevent the counter attraction,
all metals used in the construction are covered by some fibrous material; also
the enclosure may be used by exhausting therefrom the air by heat, steam, or
pumping.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Gilbert, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1861.
I, MOSES GILBERT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, India-
rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of affording ventilation to boots,
shoes, galoshes, and other coverings for the foot, and also for giving ease in
walking, by the application of elastic substances to the soles thereof.
The improvement consists in the novel application and use of the halves of
hollow spheres or balls of india-rubber to the soles and heels of boots and
shoes, which are permanently secured therein for the purpose of forming
cushions or elastic treading surfaces for the feet. Beneath the portion of sole
covered by the half spheres an aperture is made in the sole, by which means
air is kept in circulation by the compression of the india-rubber balls, or a
small flat tube may be arranged within the sole terminating in an aperture
beneath the foot, and in communication with the atmosphere by an opening in
or near the heel, so as to supply air to the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dixon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1861.
I, HENRY DIXON, of No. 8, Park End, Sydenham, in the County of
Kent, a Captain in Her Majesty's Indian Army, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in mixing nitrate of silver with collodion or other
coating medium prepared in the ordinary manner, in the proportion of about
five grains of silver to each ounce of collodion or other coating medium.
The mode ordinarily practised for coating plates of glass with collodion or
other coating medium has been first to pour the prepared collodion on the
plate, and then to immerse it in a nitrate of silver bath to coat it with silver.
Now, the intention of this Invention is to dispense with the use of said bath
by mixing silver with the collodion or other coating medium, so that after
pouring the collodion or other coating compound on the plate intended to
receive the picture, it is simply necessary to wash the plate in water to remove
the grease therefrom. The plate is then ready for exposure in the camera.
The usual developing solutions may be employed. By this Invention the
numerous objections attending the use of a nitrate of silver bath are entirely
dispensed with, and the process rendered more certain, convenient, and
considerably less expensive than heretofore.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Shaw and William
Snodgrass at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd April 1861.
We, RICHARD SHAW, of Patricroft, near the City of Manchester, Cotton
5 Spinner, and WILLIAM SNODGRASS, of Portlaw, in the County of Waterford,
in Ireland, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to the machines for spinning called "mules,"
and to other machines of the like nature, and it consists, first, in an improved
mode of driving the spindles. We employ two drums in the carriage and two
wharves to each spindle, one being placed near the bolster rail, and the other
near the footstep; by this means a long driving band is obtained, and the
driving band is brought in a direct line with the centre of the wharves, thereby
avoiding the rubbing of the band against the sides; the power is also applied
more advantageously than when only one wharve is used, thereby preventing
the vibration of the spindle and driving it at an uniform velocity.
The second part of our Invention consists in making the bolster bearings
open in front, and in lubricating them by a strip of flannel or other suitable
material which is connected to the bolster rail.
The third part of our Invention is applicable to the winding-on motion of
self-acting mules. We apply a scroll and block pulley for winding on, and a
longer chain than usual, so that it gives and takes from one barrel or pulley to

page_text: another; the chain for winding on is passed from a cone, barrel, or pulley to the
scroll and block-winding pulley.; the cone or barrel pulley gives off chain at
variable speeds as required during the formation of the cop bottom, as now
practised by what is termed the radial or quadrant arm. We apply a worm
wheel on the top of the cone pulley shaft with a worm working into.it, to
which motion is imparted for governing the winding-on scroll; by this method
we slacken or tighten the winding-on of the yarn when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CASTINGS, RODS, BARS, BOLTS, NAILS, RIVETS, AND SHEETS, WHEN ALLOYS OF COPPER ARE USED
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Parkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1861.
J, ALEXANDER PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CASTINGS, RODS, BARS, BOLTS, NAILS, RIVETS, AND SHEETS, WHEN
ALLOYS OF COPPER ARE USED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of cast-
ings, rods, bars, bolts, nails, rivets, and sheets, when alloys of copper are
used.
In a Provisional Specification filed by me on the 30th July 1861 (No. 1900),
I described a new manufacture of sheathing metal for ships and vessels, and I
have since discovered that the manufacture of castings, rods, bars, bolts, nails,
rivets, and sheets for other uses than sheathing may be greatly improved by
producing them from like alloys of copper; and the present Invention consists
in the employment in these manufactures of alloys of copper, zinc, and tin, or
aluminium, the proportions of the tin or aluminium being very small in
relation to the copper and zinc used. For these purposes it is preferred that
the alloy should consist of fifty-five parts of the best and purest copper, forty-
five parts of the best and purest zinc, and from a quarter of a per cent. to two
per cent. of tin or aluminium; but the proportions of copper and zinc may vary
between fifty parts of the best and purest copper to fifty parts of the best and
purest zinc, and sixty parts of copper to forty parts of zinc, together with the

page_text: proportion of tin or aluminium above mentioned. Within the above proportions
and limits the metal will cast well, and is very suitable for making castings of
various kinds, and the cast ingots will roll at a red heat into rods, bars, and
sheets, and such rods, bars, and sheets may be then worked up into various
articles in a cold state as well as at a red heat.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING THE GASES WHICH ESCAPE FROM FURNACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Joseph Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1861.-A communication from abroad by Mr. Emil Langen, of
Siegburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engineer.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING THE GASES WHICH
ESCAPE FROM FURNACES," a communication to me from abroad by Mr. Emil
Langen, of Siegburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engineer, to be as
follows:-
Upon the plate of the furnace, and surrounding its opening is a conical
cast-iron ring fitted round the chimney, and provided with a suitable number
of openings to feed the furnace. At the upper part of the furnace is placed a
helmet-shaped pipe for receiving and delivering the gases as collected. Around
the bottom end of the said receiving pipe is rivetted an angular iron hoop which
serves as a base for another conical ring which surrounds the gas pipe, which
ring, by means of vertical bars and screws, can be brought into a horizontal
position. The apparatus is provided with a cover, which can be raised by
balance levers to admit of the materials to be melted. A hemispherical valve
is provided, which closes by its own weight, and opens if the gases freely flow,
thus serving as a safety valve. To prevent the bursting of the cover and the
conical rings, a narrow piece of sheet metal is rivetted on them.
Year: 1861

page_text: in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the figures of the
accompanying Drawing, and to the letters marked thereon, that is to say:―
This Invention consists in the application, as hereafter described, of a screw
and excentric to the jack machinery employed in moving heavy bodies.
1
Figures 1, 2, of the accompanying Drawing represent the improved
mechanism in side and front section.
A is a crank handle fitted to the endless screw shaft B working in the gorge
of the wheel C; D is a pinion working in the cog wheel C'; D¹ is a second
pinion working in the rack E; F, F, excentric bearings of the shaft B; G,
excentric fixed to the front bearing F; H, puppet provided with a spring
hidden by the thickness of the handle G; I, tie rod connecting the bearings F, F;
K, lower cramp iron of the rack E. A', Figure 2, regulator adapted to the
arbor of the toothed wheel and pinion C', D', and serving to accelerate,
retard, or check at will the descent of the uncharged rack. On working
the handle A of the machine, constructed as above, the wheel C revolves,
and carries with it the pinion D, which acts on the toothed wheel C: The
pinion D, mounted on the shaft of this wheel. (C), is carried round in
the same manner, and cogging in the rack E. raises it with its charge to the
required point. To lower the rack, the excentric G is moved from H to H
(Fig. 2) in drawing forward the spring puppet, thus displacing the centre of
the shaft B to a sufficient extent to free the endless screw from the gorge of
the wheel C; this done, the rack descends without the aid of the handle A, its
speed being governed by the regulator A¹. When so desired, the construction
may
be modified by the suppression of the toothed wheel C, the gorge wheel C
being mounted in its place. In this case a left-hand screw shaft is required.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into effect, I declare that I claim the application to jack machinery
för-moving heavy bodies of a screw and excentric arranged in the manner
herein set forth and represented in the Figures of the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, 'the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, have
hereto set-my-hand-and-seal, this Seventh-day-of December, in
the woo of
Land One thousand night hundred and cirte ona
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER AXLES, AND ALSO IN SHAFTS AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richardson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1861.
I, WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of No. 24, New Walk, in the Borough of
Leicester, Surveyor of Taxes, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER AXLES, AND ALSO IN SHAFTS AND
OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to axles, shafts, and other parts of machinery exposed
to the action of the atmosphere, and consists in coating, covering, or insulating
the same with vulcanized india-rubber, india-rubber cloth, gutta percha, or
other material capable of excluding moisture and air. It is well known that
the principal causes of the breaking of the axles of railway carriages are
oxidation of the metal by exposure to wet, and crystallization by the unequal
expansibility and contractibility in different directions by heat and cold. Now,
the object and intention of this Invention is to protect the metal both from
wet and unequal expansion, and thus to prevent oxidation and crystallization
thereof, and this I propose to effect by insulating the metal as above stated.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF CHARGING ILLUMINATING GAS WITH THE VAPOUR OF THE HYDRURET OF CARBON, FOR THE PURPOSE OF INCREASING ITS ILLUMINATING PROPERTIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1861.
I, WILLIAM JAMES WILLIAMS, of Warnford Court, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
OF CHARGING ILLUMINATING GAS WITH THE VAPOUR OF THE HYDRURET OF CARBON,
FOR THE PURPOSE OF INCREASING ITS ILLUMINATING PROPERTIES," to be as follows,
that is to say:
My Invention consists in causing illuminating gas in its passage from the
meter to the burners to pass through a series of rows of perpendicular cords
or threads, or their equivalents, saturated with hydro-carbon liquid, by which
it becomes charged with hydro-carbon vapour, and as the gas is liable to
become overcharged with the vapour, and cause a waste of the hydruret of
carbon, often becoming very troublesome by condensing and filling up the
pipes, obstructing the flow of the gas, and flowing out at the burners when
opened, I cause the gas to pass through a condenser, where the excess of
hydro-carbon vapour is condensed, and the liquid resulting from the con-
densation flows back to the evaporating chamber, or some other receptacle,
from which it can be returned to the evaporator, while the gas in a properly
charged state passes on to the burners.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR BUTTONS, STUDS, SOLITAIRES, BROOCHES, CIVIL AND MILITARY DECORATIONS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Watson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1861.
I, EDWARD WATSON, of King Street, in the City of London, Jeweller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING
FOR BUTTONS, STUDS, SOLITAIRES, BROOCHES, CIVIL AND MILITARY DECORATIONS, AND
OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My improved fastening consists of, by preference, three bent pointed prongs
or pointed hooks, set about equal distances apart round the back or inside of
the button or other article. The prongs are inserted one after the other in
the scarf or other garment to which the article is to fastened. Although, by
preference, I use three pointed hooks, yet two and more may be used.