CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WINDOW SASHES,EITHER SINGLE OR DOUBLE HUNG, FIXED OR SLIDING SASHES, CASEMENTS, WINDOW SHUTTERS, AND WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1821

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TUELY the elder, of Kenton Street, Brunswick Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Cabinet Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the First day of
November now last past, did give and grant unto me, the said Charles Tuely,
His especial licence that I, the said Charles Tuely, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, and such others as I or they should agree with, and no
others, during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations
abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO WINDOW
SASHES, EITHER SINGLE OR DOUBLE HUNG, FIXED OR SLIDING SASHES, CASEMENTS,
WINDOW SHUTTERS, AND WINDOW BLINDS;" in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Charles Tuely, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date

page_text: of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Tuely, do hereby declare that my said improvements applicable to
Window Sashes, either Single or Double Hung, Fixed or Sliding Sashes,
Casements, Window Shutters, and Window Blinds, are for the purpose of
turning the outside of sashes, casements, and window shutters to face inwards
to prevent accident arising from getting outside either to clean, paint, or
glaze them, and for removing more easily from windows the framed window
blinds that are fastened by hinges to hanging stiles, commonly called low or
dwarf folding blinds, the. frames of which are filled in, with canvas, trellis,
laths, or other thing or things, and for improving the method of making and
fixing the laths of such low or dwarf folding blinds; and I do hereby particu-
larly describe and ascertain, the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, in manner following, that is to say :-
For double-hung window sashes, which may be made either of wood or
metal, I prepare a hanging stile, to be made of wood or metal, A, C (Figure 1,
for the lower sash), and make it fit to the stile of the sash according to the
plans; A, B, and C, D, being the upper and lower sections from the centre
of the hinge a. I prepare another hanging stile, to be made of wood or
metal, F, H. (Figure 1), and make it, fit to, the stile of the sash accord-
ing to the plans; E, F, and G, H, being the upper and lower sections
from the centre of the hinge b. I connect the hanging stiles A, C, and
F, H, to the sash stiles B, D, and E, G, by the hinges at a and b,
(which hinges to be made of metal) are more particularly shewn what
I call right and left handed, K and L. The. upper sash with the hanging
stiles I prepare the same as the lower sash above described. I set on or fix
the hinges K and L on the outside of the lower sash by turning the hanging
stiles, A, C, and hinge K and F, H, and binge L (Figure 1), upside down-
wards, and fit them to the sash stiles. I prepare the upper sash with the
hanging stiles, and the hinges set on or fixed to the outside in the same way
as the lower sash; I then hang each sash with lines and weights, in the usual
way (to the hanging stiles), and fill in the vacancies at the ends of the meet-
ing rails, so as to allow the sash to work free. I fix a stop on each side of
the sash frame at the bottom of the pully stile between the beads that the
upper sash moves in. I fix a stop on each side of the sash frame at the top
of the pully stiles between the beads that the lower sash moves in; to admit
the sashes to be turned clear of the top and bottom beads. I raise up the
lower sash to the stops, and draw down the upper sash to the stops. I pull

page_text: each of the sashes at the bottom towards me, and the outsides, will turni
inwards. I set on or fix the hinges, so that the top of each sash will outweigh
the bottom of the same; both sashes in turning I make to clear the beads.
Single-hung sashes and hanging stiles I prepare in the same, manner, and
hang the lower sash with 'lines and weights, in the usual way, to the hanging
stiles. The stops or slips, that support: the upper sash I cut a sufficient
distance up to allow the sash in turning to clear the bead, and where so cut,
I set on or fix hinges in the usual manner. I fix the lower parts of the stops
or slips and let fall the upper parts on the window sill. If there is not sufli-
cient width in. the sash frame to admit them to fall when so hinged, I remove
them quite away, and, fix two bolts under the upper sash to support it when
up, which bolts I make to shoot through the hanging stiles into the sides of the
pully stiles of the sash frame. I fix stops between the beads to allow the
sashes to swing clear of the top and bottom beads. Single-hung sashes are to
be turned the same, as double-hung sashes before described. I set on or fix
the hinges on the outside of both upper and lower sashes in the same manner
as double-hung sashes before described. . As it may be found more convenient,
where the sashes are very lofty, for the bottom of the lower sash to push
from me, instead of drawing towards me, I prepare for the lower sash of
either single or double hung the hanging stiles A, C, and hinge K and F, I
and hinge L (Figure 1), upside downwards, and reversed, that is to say, the
left to the right and the right to the left, and fit them to the sash stiles, and the
binges K and L are set on or fixed on the inside. I prepare for the upper
sash of either single or double hung the hanging stiles A,, C, and F, H;
(Figure 1), and fit them to the sash stiles, and the hinges K and L set on or
fixed on the inside., I set on or fix the hinges on the outside of both the upper
and lower sashes by turning the banging stiles upside downwards. I push the
bottom rail of the lower sash from nie, and it will turn so that the outside will
face inwards. I return it to its upright position, and raise it to the stops,.
as before described: I draw down the upper sash to the stops, as before
described. I pull it towards me, and it will turn so that the outside will face
inwards. The lower sash I prevent turning, when closed, by fastenings (as
Figures 2 and 3), and common fastenings. I set on or fix the hinges
so that the top of each sash outweigh the bottom of the same. Both
sashes in turning I make to clear the beads, when the hanging stiles A, C,
and F, H,. are used upside downwards. I use stud plates, to be made of
metal as M, to fix the lines with weights, by setting on or fixing them to the
hanging stiles with the stud through the line.
Figures 2 and 3 are the two parts of a fastening, to be made of metal.

page_text: Figure 2 is set on or fixed to the meeting rails of the upper sash. Figure. 3 is
set on or fixed to the meeting rail of the lower sash; and when the sashes
are closed I pull down the flap of Figure 2, and the bolt c, with a spring
behind at Figure 3, shoots into a staple d at Figure 2. The flap of Figure 2
has a roller which works upon a spring. To release the flap I press the
knob e, which pushes the bolts c back. I lift up the flap, and the sashes will
move up and down. This fastening, either one or more, I apply to either
single or double hung sashes, where the lower sash is prepared so as to push the
bottom from me, to turn it, and for other purposes. This fastening I enclose as
(dotted lines, Figures 2 and 3) when in setting in or fixing it is not flush.
N, N, N, N,, represent double lever movements, right and left handed, to be
made of metal, which I use for very high or wide window sashes, either single
or double hung, on account of their great weight, to stay the hanging stiles
during the turning of the sashes. I set them on or fix them to the hanging
stiles, one on each side of each of the hanging stiles in the rebates, flush and
near the bottom. p, p, represent the striking plates, which I set on or fix on
the sash stiles of the lower sash, so that the end of the levers 7, r, will fall
into the sockets. The socket plates s, s, I set or fix on the pully stiles of the
sash frame, so that the ends of the levers t, t, will fall into them when the
sash is raised up to the stops and the sash is turned. The striking plates x, x,
I; et on or fix on the sash stiles of the upper sash, so that the ends of the
levers u, u, will fall into the sockets. The socket plates y, y, I set on or fix on
the pully stiles of the sash frame, so that the ends of the levers z, z, will fall
into them when the upper sash is drawn down to the stops and the sash is
turned. The sashes to be turned in manner as before described. Fixed
sashes I make to turn with the hanging stiles A, C, and hinge K and F, H,
and hinge L (Figure 1), turned upside downwards and reversed, (that is to
say) the left to the right and the right to the left, and the hinges K and L
set on or fixed on the inside.
I cut away the top and bottom beads of the
sash frame, to admit it to turn when so required. I push the bottom
of the sash from me, and it will turn so that the outside will face inwards.
Common fastenings I set on or fix, to prevent the sash turning when
closed, and to clear the beads in turning. The hinges I set on or fix so that
the top of the sash in turning will outweigh the bottom of the same.
Sliding sashes moving horizontally I make to turn by preparing rails similar
to hanging stiles A, C, and F, H, (Figure 1) and fitting them to the top and
bottom of the sash, and sitting on the hinges K and Lon the inside, and prevent
their turning when closed by common flush bolts, set on or fixed to the sash so
as they will shoot into the prepared rails (as described) at top and bottom.

page_text: Casements that open outwards I make to turn according to the plan of
sliding sashes moving horizontally. The casements I hang with hinges set
on or fixed to the outside of the top and bottom prepared rails A, C, and F, H
(Figure 1), and prevent their turning by bolts to be made of metal, Figure 4,
fixed to the top and bottom prepared rails, on the inside, as described, which
bolts are to be shot or bolted into the casement to prevent its turning; and
when the casement is required to be turned they will unbolt and shoot into
the casement frame, and hold the top and bottom prepared rails, as described.
The rebates on the stiles of the casements to be made so as to admit it to turn.
Window shutters that are hung with lines and weights I make to turn in
the same way as described with respect to the double-hung window sashes.
For the purpose of painting the outside I raise the lower sash to admit the
shutter to turn so as to clear the beads. I set on or fix conimon bolts or
fastenings to prevent their turning.
Window blinds, which may be made either of wood or metal, or wood and
metal, I make to remove away upon an improved method, by hooks and
sockets, for the purpose of admitting the sashes to turn. Sockets, as Figure 5,
I set on or fix flush to the window beads. Hooks, as Figure 6, I set on or
fix to the hanging stiles, which books fall into the sockets to hold the blinds.
Figure 7 represents a window blind, so that the laths, as P, diverge from the
angle. shews what I call a curved movement, to be placed in the angle of
Figure 7, behind what I call the curved blank R, which I set or fix by mor-
tices and tenons. At the back of Q I set or fix what I call the curved blank S
by mortices and tenons. At the angle I set on or fix a knob or drop ring, to
go through a square hole to move Q. T is a spring which I screw on the frame,
to press on the neck of the knob or drop ring to steady movement Q when
moving the laths, so as to turn them either in a direction to see between or
not. I set on or fix pins with sockets U at one end of the lath, and ferrols
and two pins, in the usual way, at the other end of the lath.
I set the laths
of their different lengths into the frame, Figure 7 (which I hollow in the
inside), in manner following:-The ends, with the pins and sockets, are put into
holes in the usual way, and at the other ends, with one pin, into holes made in
the curved part of S, the other pin into a hole made in the curved part of the
movement Q. The place from which the laths move may be at either of the
angles of the frame, and the laths diverge as described. The blinds I
prepare as Figure 8. and place what I call the curved movement and blanks,
before described, shaped as shewn in Figure 8, to either side, or top, or bottom
of the inside of the frame, and make the laths diverge, as before described.
The blinds I prepare as Figure 9, and make the laths converge to the centre.

page_text: Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, shews parts of the blind Figure 9 dissected. The
blinds are an improvement, both in elegance and effect, on the blinds in
common use.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tuely, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-two.