CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN' MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS OF A COMBI- NATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FORCE BY COMPRESSION OF AIR OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS AND THAT OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, THE. BEADILY TO OBTAIN INCREASED MECHANICAL POWER THEREBY
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edwin Jones, of Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN'
MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS OF A COMBI-
NATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FORCE BY COMPRESSION OF
AIR OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS AND THAT OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, THE MORE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edwin Jones at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1855.
"
I, CHARLES EDWIN JONES, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, consisting of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS
OF A COMBINATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FORCE BY COMPRES-
SION OF AIR OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS AND THAT OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE, THE MORE.
BEADILY TO OBTAIN INCREASED MECHANICAL POWER THEREBY," to be as follows:-
In order that the improvements above mentioned' may be understood;
reference must be had to the accompanying Drawings, marked with the
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (of which Figures 1 and 5 may be taken as at
the scale of one inch to the foot, and Figures 2, 3, and 4 as at half that scale,"
namely, at that of half an inch to the foot).

page_text: Fig. 1. The two pipes marked with the letters a, a, are inserted into the top
of the outer case b, b, of the machine (in such a manner as to exclude the
passage of the air between them and the top of the vessel, air-tight, as will be
shewn hereafter, formed by the outer case), and descend nearly to the bottom
of this vessel. They unite above the top of the case, and are carried to the
height to which the water is required to be raised by the machine.c is-an
air pump for compressing the air within the case; d is a wheel, having a wide
hollow axle e, e, revolving about and by means of a smaller solid one f, fupon
which it is fixed; and also hollow radial-arms or spokes, closed at their
extremities h, h, by valves (which wheel and valves will be explained hereafter
with Figs. 2, 4, and 5)..
It may here be observed, that within certain limits the axle f,f, and con-
sequently e, e, as well, ought to be reduced to the shortest possible length, for,
being unnecessarily long, the solid axle f,f, will be liable to depression under
the weight of the wheel; but also, if too short, a very small deviation from the
correctly horizontal level of the axle will produce a very sensible one from the
truly vertical motion of the wheel; and the two tubes a, a, need not by any
necessity to be on either side of the wheel, as in the Drawing, where they are
so placed for the sake of conspicuousness and of symmetry; they may be
at each side, or but one double the size at either side in the direction of the
wheel's motion.
Suppose the vessel b, b, to be filled with water from the top of the ascending
pipe a, so that the pipe itself is also filled, then air being forced into the
vessel by means of the air pump c (since the air in the vessel, as will be shewn
hereafter, cannot escape about the extremities of the hollow axle e,e) until
the level of the water descends to near the bottom of the case, as to the line
i, i; then if the wheel be set in motion so rapidly as to cause the centrifugal
force of the water within the hollow spokes to exceed the pressure of the
air within the vessel, the water will force open the valves h, h, and -being
ejected into the vessel will fall to the bottom; but as it cannot displace the
air within the vessel, which has no means of egress, it will displace the water
within it, which has an egress up the pipe. a, and which will thus be thrown
out at the top of the pipe at the height above the vessel at which the water
is required to, be raised. (A small pipe 9, 9, in diameter about the same
as the pipe of the air pump which enters the vessel, opening just below the
level i, i, of the water, and which ordinarily carries up the water along with
the ascending pipe in which it is placed, serves to indicate when the water
is at its proper level.)

page_text: Now, since the air within the vessel has a constant pressure, or rather a
pressure which, by the exertion of very little additional, force, can be main-
tained, a constant pressure, no more power is required to continue the stream
of water thrown out at the top of the pipe than that required to keep the
wheel in rapid motion, a sufficient supply of water being constantly given to
the hollow.axle e, e, of the wheel by means of the box j, j; the level k, k, of the
water within it being that of the water to be raised; the summit of the circular.
disk of the wheel, or thereabouts, being adopted as the lowest for this level,
inasmuch as that thus, the whole of the wheel being in the first instance
filled with water, the least possible force is required to set the wheel in
motion.
"
Thus far, omitting the last remark as to the adoption of the level of the
summit of the circular disk of the wheel as the lowest level of the water to be
raised, the above may be considered as a general description of machines for
raising water, &c. by means of a combination of the principle of the accumu-
lation of force by compression of air, &c. and that of centrifugal force.
The extremities of the solid axle f, f, of the wheel pass through and beyond
the sides of the box j,j, in such a manner, that, while no friction. is allowed
between it and the sides of the box at the place through which it passes, as
little space as possible is allowed for water to escape around it at that place;
the small quantity of water which does escape being received into the smaller
box m,m, and carried.again to the water in the box j, j, by means of a small
common pump u, (the boxes or troughs j and m being continued round the
back of the machine are each really only one.) The solid axle f, f, is thus
allowed to work entirely without and clear of the water on, sockets at o, o,
supported by a frame p, p, beyond which, at either extremity, as at q, the
power by which the wheel is kept in motion may be applied. About the
extremities of the large hollow cylinder which revolves with the solid axle
of the wheel (and which conveys the water to the spokes of the wheel),
and between it and the outer case b, b, there is a passage (though extremely
small), namely, the small opening lying between r and t. To prevent the
escape of the air from within, along r, t. to the external air, provision is made
in the following manner: see along with Fig. 1, also Fig. 3: Previously to
the wheel being set in motion, and simultaneously with the forcing of the air
into the chamber. formed by the outer case bb, water is also forced into the
same by means of the forcing pump for water u, in such a quantity as at least
to exceed the quantity of water which could pass along the narrow passage
from to s, in addition to what could possibly be forced along the narrow

page_text: passage from r to t, at the greatest pressure of air required within the chamber,
which water is received into the reservoir v (by this means kept filled during
the process of the compression of the air in the chamber), which is entirely.
within the chamber, and lies, as shewn in Fig. 3, on three sides of the wheel,
having the case b, b, for its outer, and an inner case 6', 6', so near to.the.flange
or collar at r of the large axle as to render the passage s, r, also as small
as possible for its inner side, in such a manner, as that when the wheel
is in motion it may be constantly kept filled by the water which falls from
the upper edge of the wheel without interfering at all with the motion of
the wheel (the side c, b, c, of the reservoir being cut down so as to keep the
level of the surface of the water in it always lower than the height of
the sides of it which adjoin the wheel), or with the general arrangement
of the machine, so far as the lifting of the water is concerned. The pressure
of the water within the reservoir in the direction r, s, is thus always greater
than the pressure of the air in the opposite direction s, r, by the weight of
the water from the top of the flange at r to the bottom of the same, where
it springs from the axle, (and if at this point, so in a greater degree at lower
points around the axle,) the water thus forced along r, s, falling to the
bottom of the vessel; and no air can escape from above the reservoir to
the external air along r, t, the passage in that direction being filled with
water at a high pressure (the pressure within the chamber), which is received
amongst the water in the interior of the cylindrical axle of the wheel; but
the quantity of water escaping from the interior along r, t, compared with
the large quantity continually driven from the wheel into the interior, is so
small as not to be worthy of notice. Similarly, the amount of pressure
required to force the water into the interior reservoir by means of the forcing
pump u before the wheel is set in motion, compared with the continuous
power to be obtained by means of the fall of the large quantity of water
from the height to which it is raised by the machine, is so small as like-
wise to be unworthy of notice. The increase of friction, too, between the
extremities of the hollow cylinder of the wheel, and the water within. which
it revolves, caused by the increase of pressure within the machine, and the
. consequent increase in the speed at which the wheel must be made to revolve,
is so unimportant as also to be unworthy of notice. (Also, if to the force
required to work the forcing pump for water u be added the force required
to obtain, by means of the air-pump c, as well as the small additional force
required to keep up, the required amount of pressure, the force thus required
will be very greatly exceeded by the power to be obtained by the machine;

page_text: but as this remark does not refer specially to the part of the. machine.,
which I claim as my own, it is omitted in the above description.) And,
so the hollow axle of the wheel which conveys the water to the spokes
may be made to revolve with any amount of rapidity without their being the.
slightest friction between its extremities and any part of the machine; and
herein, along with the method by which the solid axle of the wheel is made to
work on sockets entirely without and clear of the water, (the level of the
surface of which, as before mentioned, being that of the summit of the circular.
disk of the wheel,) consists chiefly my improvement on all former machines
of this kind having the same object in view.
-
In order to understand the valves used to close the extremities of the spokes
of the wheel from the air within the vessel, and the manner of working them.
so as to keep them closed until they are kept so by the pressure within the.
vessel, and also to allow of their being forced open by means of the greater
centrifugal force of the water within the spokes of the wheel, see Figs. 2, 4,
and 5, where a, a, a, is the side of the disk, solid or otherwise, which sustains.
the hollow spokes of the wheel.
On either side of the wheel is a ring b, b, having the same centre, but
a greater diameter than the disk of the wheel, and fixed to it by means.
of supports c, c, let into its sides; the object of these rings being to sustain
the flat rods d, d, on each side of the wheel, on which the small wheels.
at e, e, run freely, and allow the flat valve f, made no heavier than is necessary,
and which, by means of a layer of indian-rubber at its inside, effectually
closes the extremity of the hollow spoke of the wheel, to move truly and freely
from its position when closed, as at f, to that when open, as at f'. There
is a contrivance connected with the solid axle of the wheel, by which the valves
may be kept closed until the pressure of the air is sufficient to keep them so,
and which is represented in part by Fig. 4, where it may be mentioned that
the slot or collar at a, moveable longitudinally over the tubes or channels b, b,
which lie upon the solid axle of the wheel, but revolving along with them, and
the axle to which they are attached, is connected with the chains within them
(one end of each of which chains is attached to some one of the valves)
through a narrow longitudinal opening, shewn in Fig. 5, which is a transverse
section of the solid axle of the wheel, and of the tubes or channels which lie
upon and are attached to it, and which also shews the slot which works along,
but which revolves together with, the axle and its tubes, and the manner in
which the slot is connected with. the chains. To allow of pressure being exerted
upon this slot by means of the upright slide or arm c, c, and that at the same

page_text: time it may freely revolve along with the axle, as just described, this upright
slide at its circular part; which lies opposite to the slot, and through which also,
but so as freely to revolve within it, the axle passes, is provided with small
wheels working within it at right angles to, and projecting a little beyond, its
flat surface. When the speed of the wheel is very great, it may be necessary to
protect the part of the chain which lies between the opened valve, and the end
of the tube which contains the chain, by extending the same tube by means of
a short length of tube of a smaller diameter, fastened securely and perfectly at
right angles to the inside of the valve at its centre, so as to work quite freely,
after the fashion of a telescope within the larger tube, complete protection
being thus given to the whole of the chain. The adoption of this kind of valve,
and the manner of closing it, above mentioned, I also claim as my improve-
ment; and, moreover, since by means of a second set of valves, similar to those
just described, worked also in a similar manner, and placed at or near the com-
inencement of the spokes, that is to say, within the spokes, at or near the large
axle of the wheel, a similar effect might be. produced, though in a more com-
plicated manner, to that which results from the adoption of the level of the
summit of the circular disk of the wheel, as the level of the water without the
machine, namely, the complete filling of the hollow spokes of the wheel
previous to the wheel's being set in motion, I claim likewise the use of such
second set of valves in the manner here described.
I claim, therefore, first, the adoption of the level, or thereabouts, of the
summit of the circular disk of the wheel as the lowest level of the surface of
the water in the exterior trough before it enters the wheel, inasmuch as that
thus the whole of the wheel being in the first instance entirely filled with water,
the least possible force is required to set it in motion; and I make this claim
because, by the adoption of this level, water may be lifted by projection,
without the use of the air pump, or anything beyond. the simple hollow wheel
here used; or a series of such wheels; and moreover, that by this simple means
power also may be obtained.
Secondly, I claim the method by which the solid axle which sustains the
wheel is made to work on sockets entirely without and clear. of, water, as
well as also the method by which the hollow cylinder of the wheel which
conveys the water to its spokes may be made to revolve with any amount
of rapidity without there being the slightest friction between its extremities
and any part of the machine, inasmuch as its extremities are so placed as
not to touch any part of the machine: or any solid substance, connected
with it.

page_text: And, thirdly, I claim the adoption of the kind of valves described above,
and the manner of closing them as above mentioned, singly or in double sets,
as here before, explained..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Edwin Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th April 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
EDWIN JONES, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Gentleman; 'send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date, the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Edwin Jones, Her special licence, that I, the said Charles
Edwin Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Charles Edwin Jones; my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS BY MEANS
OF A COMBINATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE ACCUMULATION OF FORCE BY COM-
PRESSION OF AIR OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUIDS AND THAT OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE,
THE MORE READILY TO OBTAIN. INCREASED MECHANICAL POWER THEREBY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Edwin Jones, my execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under, my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Edwin Jones, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement.:-

page_text: "
In order that the improvements above mentioned may be understood,
reference. must be had to the accompanying Drawings, marked with the
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), of which Figures 1 and 5 may be taken as at the
scale of one inch to the foot, and Figures 2, 3, and 4 as at half the scale,
namely, at that of half an inch to the foot.
Fig. 1. The two pipes marked with the letters a, a, are inserted into the
top of the outer case b, b, of the machine (in such a manner as to exclude
the passage of the air between them and the top of the vessel, air-tight, as will
be shown hereafter, formed by the outer case), and descend nearly to the
bottom of this vessel; they unite above the top of the case, and are carried to
the height to which the water is required to be. raised by the machine. c.is
an air pump for compressing the air within the case; d is a wheel, having
a wide hollow axle e, e, revolving about and by means of a smaller solid one
ff, upon, which it. is fixed, and also hollow radial arms or spokes, closed at
their extremities h, h, by valves (which wheel and valves will be explained
hereafter with Figs. 2, 4, and 5). It may here be observed, that within
.certain limits the axle f, f, and consequently e, e, as well, ought to be
reduced to the shortest possible length; for,.being, unnecessarily long, the solid
axle f, f, will be liable to depression under the weight of the wheel; but also,
if too short, a very small deviation from the correctly horizontal level of the
axle will produce a very sensible one from the truly vertical motion of the
wheel; and the two tubes a, a, need not by any necessity to be on either side
of the wheel, as in the Drawing, where they are so placed for the sake of
conspicuousness and of symmetry; they may be at each side, or but one double
the size at either side in the direction of the wheel's motion.
Suppose the vessel b, b, to be filled with water from the top of the
.ascending pipe a, so that the pipe itself is also filled, then air being forced
into the vessel by means of the air pump c (since the air in the vessel, as
will be shewn hereafter, cannot escape about the extremities of the hollow
axle g, g,) until the level of the water. descends to near the bottom of the
case as. to the line i, i; then if the wheel be set in motion so rapidly as to
cause the centrifugal force of the water within the hollow spokes to exceed
the pressure of the air within the vessel, the water will force open the valves
h, h, and being ejected into the vessel will fall to the bottom; but as it
cannot displace the air within the vessel, which has no means of egress, it
will displace the water within it, which has an egress up the pipe a; and
which will thus be thrown out at the top of the pipe at the height above the
vessel at which the water is required to be raised. A small pipe 9, g, in

page_text: .
diameter about the same as the pipe of the air pump which enters the vessel
opening just below the level i, i, of the water, and which ordinarily carries
up the water along with the ascending pipe in which it is placed, serves to
indicate when the water is at its proper level.
Now, since the air within the vessel has a' constant pressure, or rather a
pressure which, by the exertion of very little additional force, can be main-
tained a constant pressure, no more power is required to continue the stream
of water thrown out at the top of the pipe than that required to keep the
wheel in rapid motion, a sufficient supply of water being constantly given to
the hollow axle E, E, of the wheel by means of the box j;j; the level k, k,
of the water within it being that of the water to he raised the summit of
the circular disk of the wheel, or thereabouts, being adopted as the lowest
for this level, inasmuch as that thus, the whole of the, wheel being in the
first instance filled with water, the least possible force is required to set the
wheel in motion.
Thus far, omitting the last remark as to the adoption of the level of the
'summit of the circular disk of the wheel as the lowest level of the water to be
raised, the above may be considered as a general. description of machines for
raising water, &c. by means of a combination of the principle of the accumu-
lation of force by compression of air, &c. and that of centrifugal force. The
extremities of the solid axle f, f, of the wheel pass through and beyond the
sides of the box j, j, in such a manner, that while no friction is allowed
between it and the sides of the box at the place through which it passes, as
little space as possible is allowed for water to escape around it at that place,
the small quantity of water which does escape being received into the
smaller box m; m, and carried again to the water in the box j, j, by means
of a small common pump n (the boxes or troughs j and m being continued
round the back of the machine are each really only one). The solid axle f, f,
is thus allowed to work entirely without and clear of the water on sockets at
0, 0, supported by a frame p, p, beyond which at either extremity, as at q,
the power by which the wheel is kept in motion may be applied. About the
extremities of the large hollow cylinder which revolves with the solid axle
of the wheel (and which conveys the water to the spokes of the wheel), and
between it and the outer case b, b, there is a passage (though extremely small),
namely, the small opening lying between r and t. To prevent the escape of
the air from within, along r, t, to the external air, provision is made in the
following manner: see along with Fig. 1, also Fig. 3:-
Previously to the wheel being set in motion, and simultaneously, with the

page_text: forcing of the air into the chamber formed by the outer case b, b, water is also
forced into the same by means of the forcing pump for water u, in such a
quantity as at least to exceed the quantity of water which could pass along the
narrow passage from r to s, in addition to what could possibly be forced along
the narrow passage from r to t, at the greatest pressure of air required within
the chamber, which water is received into the reservoir v (by this means kept
filled during the process, of the compression of the air in the chamber, which
is entirely within the chamber, and lies, as shewn in Fig. 3, on three sides of
the wheel,, having the case b, b, for its outer, and an inner case b¹, b, so near
.to the flange or collar at r. of the large axle as to render the passage 5, 1, also
as small as possible for its inner side, in such a manner, as that when the
.wheel is in motion: it may be constantly kept filled by the water which falls
from the upper edge of the wheel without interfering at all with the motion
of the wheel (the side a, b, c, of the reservoir being cut down so as to keep
the level of the surface of the water in it always lower than the height of the
sides of it which adjoin the wheel), or with the general arrangement of the
machine so far as the lifting of the water is concerned. The pressure
of the water within the reservoir in the direction r, s, is thus always greater
than the pressure of the air in the opposite direction s; r, by the weight of the
water from the top of the flange at r to the bottom of the same;; where it
springs from the axle (and if at this point, so in a greater degree at lower
points around the axle), the water thus forced along r, s, falling to the bottom
of the vessel, and no air can escape from above the reservoir to the external
air along r, t, the passage in that direction being filled with water at a high
pressure (the pressure within the. chamber), which is received amongst the
water in the interior of the cylindrical axle of the wheel. But the quantity of
water escaping from the interior along .r, t, compared with the large quantity
continually driven from the wheel into the. interior, is so small, as not to be
worthy of notice. Similarly, the amount of pressure required to force the
water into the interior reservoir by means of the forcing pump u before the
wheel is set in motion, compared with the continuous power to be obtained by
means of the fall of the large quantity of water from the height to which it
is raised by the machine, is so small as likewise to be unworthy of notice. The
increase of friction, too, between the extremities of the hollow cylinder of. the
wheel and the water within which it. revolves, caused by the increase of
pressure within the machine, and the consequent increase in the speed at
which the wheel must be made to revolve, is so unimportant as also to be
unworthy of notice. (Also, if, to the force required to work, the forcing.pump

page_text: of
for water u be added the force required to obtain, by means of the air pump c
as well as the small additional force required, to keep up, the required amount
pressure, the force thus required will be very greatly exceeded by the power:
to be obtained by the machine; but as the remark does not refer specially. to
the part of the machine which I claim as my own, it is omitted in the above:
description). And so the hollow axle of. the wheel which conveys the water
to the spokes, may be, made to revolve with any amount of rapidity without:
their being the slightest friction between its extremities and any part of the:
machine; and herein, along with the method by which the. solid axle of the
wheel is made. to work on sockets entirely without and clear of the water..
(the level of the surface of which, as before mentioned, being that of the:
summit of the circular disk of the wheel,) consists chiefly, my, improvement on
all former machines of this kind having the same object in.view.
:
In order to understand the valves used to close the extremities of the spokes
of the wheel from the air within the vessel, and the manner.of working them,.
so as to keep them closed until they are kept so: by the pressure within the:
vessel, and also to allow of their being forced open by. means of the greater
centrifugal force of the water within the spokes of the wheel, see Figs. 2, 4, and:
5, where a, a, a, is the side of the disk, solid or otherwise, which sustains the
hollow spokes of the wheel. On either side of the wheel is a ring b, b, having.
the same centre, but a greater diameter than the disk of the wheel, and fixed
to it by means of supports c, c, let into the sides; the object of these rings.
being to sustain the flat rods d, d, on each side of the wheel, on which the
small wheels at E, E, run freely, and allow the flat valve f, made no heavier
than is necessary, and which by means of a layer of indian-rubber at its.inside,
ellectually closes the extremity of the hollow spoke of the wheel to, move. truly.
and freely from its position when closed, as at f, to that when open; as at f'.
In practice it is found best to substitute for the kind of, valve here described
that shewn in Fig. 6, where the valve, works within an extension of the radial,
arm in such a manner as to present no opposition to the escape of the water
from the wheel. In this case the valves are made to close for a short distance:
by means of a coil of wire. enclosed in a covering impervious to water, the
closing being completed by the pressure of the air without. the wheel. There is,
a contrivance. connected, with the solid axle of the wheel by which the valves
may be kept, closed until the pressure of the air is sufficient to keep them;
so, and which is represented.in part by Fig. 4, where it may be mentioned that,
the slot or collar at a, moveable longitudinally over the tubes or channels b, b,..
which lie upon the solid axle of the wheel, but revolving along with them and

page_text: the axle to which they are attached, is connected with the chains within them
(one end of each of which chains is attached to some one of the valves) through
a narrow longitudinal opening, shewn in Fig. 5, which is a transverse section
of the solid axle of the wheel, and of the tubes or channels which lie
upon' and
are attached to it, and which also shows the slot which works along, but which
revolves together with, the axle and its tubes,-and- the manner in which the
slot is connected with the chains. To allow of pressure being exerted
upon this
slot by means of the upright slide or arm c, c, and that at the same time it
may freely revolve along with the axle, as just described, this upright slide
at its circular part, which lies opposite to the slot, and through which also, but
so as freely to revolve within it, the axle passes, is provided with small wheels,
working within it at right angles to and projecting a little beyond its flat
surface. When the speed of the wheel is very great, it may be necessary to
protect the part of the chain which lies between the opened valve and the end
of the tube which contains the chain, by extending the same tube, by means of
a short length of tube of a smaller diameter, fastened securely and perfectly at
right angles to the inside of the valve at its centre, so as to work quite freely,
after the fashion of a telescope, within the larger tube, complete protection
being thus given to the whole of the chain. The adoption of this kind of valve,
and the manner of closing it, above mentioned, I also claim as my iniprove-
ment; and, moreover, since by means of a second set of valves, similar to those-
just described, worked also in a similar manner, and placed at or near the com-
mencement of the spokes, that is to say, within the spokes, at or near the large
axle of the wheel, a similar effect might be produced, though in a more com-
plicated manner, to that which results from the adoption of the level of the
summit of the circular disk of the wheel, as the level of the water without the
machine, namely, the complete filling of the hollow spokes of the wheel pre-
vious to the wheel's being set in motion, I claim likewise the use of such
second set of valves in the manner here described.
I claim, therefore, first, the adoption of the level, or thereabouts of the
summit of the circular disk of the wheel as the lowest level of the surface
of the water in the exterior trough before it enters the wheel, inasmuch
as that thus, the whole of the wheel being in the first instance entirely filled
with water, the least possible force is required to set it in motion; and I
make this claim further, because, by the adoption of this level, water may be
lifted by projection, without the use of the air pump, or anything beyond the
simple hollow wheel here used, or a series of such wheels; and moreover, that
by this simple means power may also be obtained.

page_text: Secondly, I claim the method by which the solid axle which sustains the
wheel is made to work on sockets entirely without and clear of water, as well
as also the method by which the hollow cylinder of the wheel which conveys
the water to its spokes may be made to revolve with any amount of rapidity
without there being the slightest friction between its extremities and any part
of the machine, inasmuch as its extremities are so placed as not to touch any
part of the machine, or any solid substance connected with it.
And, thirdly, I claim the adoption of the kind of valves described above,
and the manner of closing them, as above mentioned, singly or in double sets,
as here before explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edwin Jones, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
CHARLES EDWIN JONES. (L.s.)