A ROTARY FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A LIQUID METER
Year: 1884

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I, BENJAMIN TODD of Nicoll's Buildings, Golden Lane in the County of
Middlesex, Button Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "A ROTARY FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A LIQUID METER
to be as follows:—
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My invention relates to a rotary motor worked by pressure of steam or other
elastic fluid, or of water or other liquid. When water or other liquid is used as
the working fluid, 'I arrange the motor so that its power and expenditure of fluid
can be adjusted to suit the work which it has to perform, and a like construction
may be adopted when the apparatus is to be used as a liquid meter, so that it can
be accurately adjusted to measure. The motor may have many working cylinders,.
but as three suffice to provide against dead centres, I will describe it as having
three cylinders.
The three cylinders are formed in or fixed on a boss on a shaft, the axes of the
cylinders respectively coinciding with the three sides of an equilateral triangle
circumscribing the shaft, which works in and projects through a long bearing
formed in one side of a stationary casing enclosing all the moving parts. Each
cylinder is fitted with a packed plunger, which projects beyond the mouth of its
cylinder, the projecting part being forked and carrying a complete roller, and on
the same pin a segment of a roller. The complete roller bears against the interior
periphery of a ring fixed in the casing, eccentric to the shaft, and the roller
segment bears against the surface of a bracket projecting from the contral boss,
this surface being in a plane parallel to the axis of its cylinder and also to the axis
of the shaft. From the bottoms of the three cylinders there are lateral passages
opening as ports through a facing on one side of the central boss, and against this
facing bears a circular centrally hollowed slide which is held in a position eccentric
to the shaft, free to rotate, while it maintains its eccentricity. In the centre of the
facing within the hollow of the slide a hole is bored in the boss leading to the
outlet passages opening behind the boss. The facing and slide are covered by a
casing fixed to the boss, and a central tubular spindle passes through packings in
the slide casing and also through the exterior casing to which it is fixed. Within
the slide casing the tubular spindle has an eccentric boss, or arm carrying a crank
pin, on which the circular slide is free to rotate. The working fluid passes through
the tubular spindle into the slide casing and through one or other of the three

page_text: ports that the slide in its eccentric position leaves uncovered into the cylinder to
which this port leads, pressing outwards its plunger. The pressure communicated
through the roller and segment roller to the eccentric ring and to the bracket of
the boss causes the boss to revolve, one plunger acting thus during nearly half a
revolution. During nearly the other half revolution the action of the roller and
segment roller is to press the plunger inwards, and the cylinder port being then
within the hollow of the slide, the fluid escapes from the cylinder and through the
passages of the boss into the external casing whence it is led off by an exhaust or
discharge pipe. As there is always one of the three plungers acting under
pressure, the rotation of the boss and its shaft is continuous. When the motor is
worked by liquid the eccentric ring is preferably fitted to slide to or fro within the
casing, so as to vary its eccentricity and consequently to vary the stroke of each of.
the plungers. Thus the power and expenditure of fluid can, within certain limits,
be adjusted to the load on the motor. By the like adjustment, the quantity of
liquid passed through the apparatus, when it is employed as a meter, can be
accurately determined.
When, instead of three cylinders, four, or more are employed, they are arranged
around the boss so that their axes coincide with the sides of a circumscribed square
or polygon.

page_text: I, BENJAMIN TODD of Nicoll's Buildings Golden Lano, in the county of
Middlesex, Button Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for "A ROTARY FLUID PRESSURE MOTOR, APPLICABLE ALSO AS A
LIQUID METER," and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to a rotary motor worked by pressure of steam or other
elastic fluid or of water or other liquid. When water or other liquid is used as
the working fluid, I arrange the motor so that its power and expenditure of fluid
can be adjusted to suit the work which it has to perform, and a like construction
may be adopted when the apparatus is to be used as a liquid meter, so that it can
be accurately adjusted to measure. The motor may have many working cylinders,
but as three suffice to provide against dead centres, I will describe it as having
three cylinders, referring to the accompanying drawings which shew the construction
of a motor or meter suited for being worked by water pressure. Figs. 1 and 2 aro
vertical sections on planes at right angles to one another and fig. 3 is a section of
the slide and its caso.
The three cylinders A are formed in (or they might be fixed on) a boss B on a
shaft C which is mounted in and projects through a long bearing formed in the one
side D of a stationary casing made in halves D D¹ bolted together and enclosing all
the moving parts. The axes of the cylinders A coincido respectively with the sides
of an equilateral triangle circumscribing the shaft C. Each cylinder is fitted with
a packed plunger a which projects beyond the mouth of its cylinder, the projecting
part being forked and carrying a complete roller a¹ and on the same pin a segment
of a roller a. The complete roller a' bears against the interior periphery of n
ring E fixed in the casing eccentric to the shaft, and the roller segment a bears
against the surface of a guide bracket b projecting from the central boss B, the
surface of 6 being a plane parallel to the axis of the cylinder A and also to tho
axis of the shaft C. From the bottoms of the three cylinders A there are lateral
passages opening as ports f through a facing on one side of the boss B, and against
this facing bears a circular centrally hollowed slide F, which is held in a position
eccentric to the shaft C by a crank pin f¹ on which it is free to rotate while it
maintains its eccentricity. In the centre of the facing within the hollow of the
alide F, a hole f is bored in the boss B leading to outlet passages f³, opening
bebind the boss. The facing and the slide F are covered by a case G which is fixed
to the boss B and has a neck fitted to revolve in a recess in the casing D'.
A central tubular spindle g passes through packing to the exterior of the
casing D', where its end is fixed by a socket and pin, as shewn, or otherwise.
On the inner end of the spindle g is the crank pin f¹ which determines the
eccentricity of the slide F. The working fluid supplied by a pipe gl passes through
the tubular spindle g into the slide casing G, and through such of the three ports f
as the slide F, in its eccentric position, leaves uncovered, into the cylinders A
successively, pressing outwards their respective plungers a. The resultant of the
pressure communicated through the roller a¹ and the segment roller a³ to the
eccentric ring E and to the guide bracket b, causes the boss to revolve each plunger
acting thus during nearly half a revolution. During nearly the other half
revolution, the plunger is pressed inwards and its cylinder port being then
presented within the hollow of the slide F, the fluid escapes from the cylinder and
through the passages f³ and ƒ³ into the casing of the engine, whenco it is led off by
an exhaust or discharge pipe d. As there is always one of the three plungers

page_text: acting under pressure, the rotation of the boss and shaft is continuous. When tho
motor is worked by liquid, the eccentric ring E is preferably fitted as shewn to be
slid to and fro within the casing so as to vary its eccentricity and thereby vary
the stroke of each of the plungers. For this purpose it is fitted to be slid between
.adjustable guides e c by means of a screw e¹. Thus the power and expenditure of
fluid can, within certain limits, be adjusted to the load on the motor; and, by the
like arrangement, the quantity of liquid passing through the apparatus, when it is
employed as a meter, can be accurately determined. When elastic fluid is used,
this variation of eccentricity and stroke is dispensed with. Although I have
described an apparatus having three working cylinders, obviously four or inore
might be arranged around the boss, their axes coinciding with the sides of a
circumscribed square or polygon. The tubular spindle g, instead of being fixed as
shewn, might be made capable of being turned partly round so as to change the
position of the crank pin f), and thereby to shift the slide for varying cut off,
stopping or reversal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1, The construction of rotary fluid pressure motor or liquid metor, wherein three
or more cylinders arranged around a central boss with their ports governed by a
stationary slide, have plungers carrying rollers bearing against an eccentric ring so
as to cause the boss and cylinders to revolve, substantially as herein described.
2, In a motor or meter of the kind referred to in the preceding claim, varying
the eccentricity of the ring, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
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TO Onahon 100A
5531 WAS
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.