Improvements in Turning and Boring Lathes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Dec., 1894-Aocepted, 4th May, 1895
Improvements in Turning and Boring Lathes.
I, JOSEPH WARD, Mechanical Engineer, 19, Noble Street, London, E.C., do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention consists in improvements in lathes used for boring and turning and
this Specification and drawing accompanying it describes and illustrates the
application of it to wheel lathes.
According to one of the improvements constituting this invention the mandril of
the tail-stock besides having the usual backward and forward motion endways is
made to rotate in a direction opposite to that of the work chucked on the face-
plate of the lathe. This rotary motion is derived from the shaft running through
the bed, which shaft gives motion to the face-plate or plates, by means of a pinion
or pinions threaded upon it, said pinion or pinions gearing with teeth formed on
the outer edge of face-plate or plates. The rotation of the mandril may be
accomplished by means of spur-gearing as shewn in the sub-joined drawing or by
means of a pitch-chain, since the rotation of the mandril is in the same direction
as the shaft and both are in one plane. By these arrangements the mandril is
rotated in a direction opposite to the face-plates. To reverse the direction of
rotation of the mandril, making the direction of rotation the same as the face
plates, an extra wheel is required between the wheel on the shaft running through
the bed and the wheel on the mandril, if spur gearing is used. To reverse with
the pitch-chain an extra wheel is also required, spur-wheel turning with the
wheel which derives its motion from the chain, engages with a spur-wheel on the
mandril, the mandril then turning in the opposite direction. To operate on work
to which no motion is imparted if fixed on the face-plate the pinion which turns it
may be slipped out of gear by means of the clutch provided with a lathe, the
face-plate may then be clamped to the bed to prevent its rotation. Work may be
operated upon which is fastened to the bed of the lathe only. The revolution of
the mandril of the tail-stock can be maintained in either case.
When a chain is used for driving, the feed-motion is derived from it, a wheel to
suit the chain being used instead of the spur-wheel as shewn. According to
another improvement constituting this invention the feed-motion has a wide range
and can be varied at will by shifting the strap on the various steps of the cone-
pulleys and changing the gears. The arrangement of the feed-motion shewn in
the accompanying drawing admits of the hand-wheel controlling the end-way
motions of the mandril, being placed close to the nose of it and near the operator.
The connection of the automatic feed is made by means of a cone-clutch larger
than generally used, this allows a heavy cut to be taken without excessive strain
on the screw, but will ultimately yield to prevent breaking of the gears. Another
improvement constituting this invention provides means for releasing the automatic
feed at any point of its traverse.
Description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Sheet I Fig. 1. shews a side-elevation. Fig. 2 a cross sectional elevation on r. y.
Fig. 1.
Sheet II shews the apparatus for operating the release of the automatic feed in
letail. Fig. 3 is a side-elevation. Fig. 4 a sectional end elevation behind the

page_text: cross-head 7. Fig. 5 is a half plan and Fig. 6. an end view of the catch and
locking plate.
The letters of reference shew the same parts in the different views.
bed.
a. represents a portion of the lathe-bed. the shift running lengthwise in the
c. spur-wheel on shaft b. d spur-wheel, transmitting motion to wheel e, and
working feed motion. spur-wheel on mandril. f framing. ag¹ spur-wheels on
feed screws. h coned-clutch. icone-pulleys. j cross-armed nut. kk feed-
m. mandril. n. socket. o bush. p. guides. hand-wheel.
r spur-wheel on hand-wheel shaft. s spur-gearing to
t washer outside cross-head.
screws.
I cross-head.
S.
work feed-motion.
u. nut outside cross-hend. v. v spindle throug
wheel d. warm of clutch to change feed gearing.
The details of the feed-motion are as follows-
t-
1 catch. 2 locking-plate for holding catch in position. 3. spindle on which the
locking-plate is fixed. 4. adjustable collar. 5. sliding collar connected
spindle 3. 6. spring. 7. pin to connect sliding collar to spindle.
The apparatus consists essentially of a frame f. bored exactly in line with the
centre of the headstock spindle to receive the bushes o in which the socket n.
rotates. A feather is fixed in the socket n. and a groove to fit it is cut in the
mandril m. through the greater part of its length, the mandril being then threaded
through the socket.
The spur-wheel e is made a part of or fixed to the socket n so that when e is
rotated m must rotate with it. The mandril m is free to slide through n, and the
requisite to and fro motion endways is given by the cross-head Z.
The vertical arms
The cross-head 7 is of the shape shown in Fig. 4. Sheet II.
are threaded to receive the feed-screws or bored to receive threaded bushes, the
The centre of the cross-head is
horizontal arms being shaped to fit the guides p.
bored to receive the reduced end of the mandril.
On one side of the cross-head next the face-plate a hardened steel collar is let
into its thickness the centre of the collar coinciding with the centre of the hole for
the mandril. A. corresponding collar is fixed on the mandril and made to rotate
with it, proper provision being made to keep the surfaces oiled. The end of the
mandril m is reduced and passed through the cross-head, a washer is then fitted on
in such a manner that it shall rotate with the mandril, and outside the washer, a
nut is fitted, allowance being made for adjustment. Thus equipped the motion
of the cross-head is transmitted to the mandril.
The endway motion of the mandril is accomplished as follows: The hand-
wheel. being turned the spur-wheel turns also and with it and g. The
wheels and are rigidly fastened to the screws k., which are of the same pitch
as each other but threaded in opposite directions, they therefore act on the cross-
head simultaneously, and move it to & from the end of the framing keeping the
face of the cross-head always perpendicular to the mandril. The automatic feed-
The frame is bored
motion is derived from the spindle eel driven by wheel d.
larger at than at the opposite end in order that the feather fastening the wheel d
may pass through. The spur-ge tring 8. s¹ is threaded on r and rides on a feather
its position being determined by the arm w. The wheels in gearing in the drawing
Fig. 1 are ss, with these the cone i makes one revolution to two of e. with s s¹ in
gear, i makes two revolutions to one of v. The range of feed by the arrangement
shown and described, is one inch of traverse for 60 revolutions of the mandril to
one inch for 4 revolutions, in ten stages, the pitch of the screws k. k being two to
the inch. The release of the automatic feed is accomplished as follows:-
means
The distance the cross-head 7 shall travel before the feed is released, is determined
by the collar 4 Sheet II. Suppose the position shown to be the one desired, tten
the collar 4 by
of its set-screw on the spindle 3. When the cross-head
reaches the collar, it will commence to carry the collar with it, together with the
spindle and locking-plate the motion being continued until it reaches the position
shown by the dotted line the distance being equal to the thickness of the locking
plate 2. When this position is reached the catch 1 falls into the position shown

page_text: by the dotted lines in Fig. 4. and the point of the catch engaging with an arm of
the nut it is stopped from turning and any further motion of the spindle upon
which is threaded releases the clutch h.
Four arms are shown on the nut j but any number may be employed or a ratchet-
wheel may be used if a more instantaneous release is desired.
The direction of the thread in is such, that when its motion is arrested while
the mandril is feeding forward, the clutch h is released, not tightened.
The catch may be weighted to ensure its falling promptly or the same effect
may be brought about by means of a spring. The catch 1 being lifted and the
Land-wheel operated to carry the cross-head back, the spring 6 carries the spindle
back to its original position and again locks the catch. If required to reduce the
over-all length of the apparatus I omit the bush o, and that part of the socket n
which revolves within it or reduce the length of these parts if not entirely omitted-
on that side of the spur-wheel e farthest from the nose of the mandril, and convert
the cross-head into a slide, also converting the connection of the mandril with
the cross-head, from a bearing to receive thrust only, into a combined journal and
thrust bearing.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. In tail-stocks for lathes used for boring and turning; providing apparatus
for rotating the mandril in a direction opposite to that of any work fastened to
the face-plate.
Second. In tail-stocks for lathes used for boring and turning; providing
apparatus for rotating the mandril in the same direction as the work fastened to
the face-plate.
Third. In tail-stocks for lathes used for boring and turning; providing
apparatus for rotating the mandril without rotating the face-plate, that work may
be operated upon to which no motion is imparted, the necessary motions being
given to the boring bar by the mandril.
Fourth. In tail-stocks for lathes used for boring and turning; providing a
feed-motion independent of any head-stock or other portion of the lathe other than
the shaft used to rotate the mandril.
Fifth. In tail-stocks for lathes used for boring and turning; providing means
for releasing the automatic feed at any desired point of its traverse.
Dated this 1st day of December, 1894.
JOSEPH WARD.