Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1888
Complete Left, 1st May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 1st June, 1888
I, WILLIAM HOPKINS TOMSON Managing Director of Benham and Froud Limited
of Chandos Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Coppersmiths and Art Metal
Workers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
For this purpose I employ a shallow wooden or other suitable tub or vessel to
contain the freezing mixture and a covered pan or vessel capable of revolving to
contain the matter to be frozen and provided with a fixed mixer or stirrer as
heretofore.
According to my invention however I form the freezing pan with a central hollow
spindle projecting downward from the bottom thereof, and I fix upon the bottom of
the tub an extended footstep bearing or socket into which the said spindle fits with
capability of rising and falling therein within certain limits.
This bearing or socket is formed of a base secured to the tub and provided with a
central recessed step for, but which is of larger diameter than the hollow spindle of the
freezing pan.
From the base of the bearing several pillars rise and upon these pillars a cup is.
supported such cup being formed with a central flanged hole therethrough for the
spindle of the freezing pan to pass through and the object of the cup is to guide
the spindle of the freezing pan into its bearings when placing it in position in
the tub.
The object of this peculiar construction is also to give an extended bearing that will
allow of the spindle and the freezing pan rising when a charge of freezing mixture is
first placed in the tub and falling as such freezing mixture becomes gradually melted
and which will at the same time clear itself from the freezing mixture.
The central hollow spindle rises a short distance above the bottom of the freezing

page_text: pan upon the inside thereof and the bottom of the pan at its centre is, by a separate
conical piece of metal connected thereto and to the top of the spindle, caused to assume
a curved or rounded form at that part and the outer edge of the bottom is also rounded
or curved.
The mixer or stirrer I form with blades shaped at their inner and outer ends to fit
the rounded bottom of the freezing pan and I also curve these blades in the direction
of their length and incline them from the vertical in such manner that in the revolution
of the freezing pan the blades will have a tendency to lift the matter being frozen
from the bottom of the pan and direct it towards the centre thereof.
These blades are connected at their inner ends to the lower part of a central hollow
boss and the outer end of each blade is connected to the outer end of a tie bar the
inner ends of which bars are connected to the upper part of the hollow boss. The
hollow boss is extended in a downward direction in the form of a hollow spindle of
smaller diameter than the boss so that the central hollow boss of the mixer takes a
bearing upon the top of the hollow spindle of the freezing pan and the hollow spindle
of the mixer passes down the hollow spindle of the pan the mixer being retained in
position by means of a rod provided with an enlarged head and crank handle at the
upper part and a worm or thread upon the lower part taking into a corresponding
thread formed upon the interior of the hollow spindle of the pan.
This construction permits the mixer or stirrer to be readily removed from and
replaced in the freezing pan for cleansing or other purposes and it also prevents the
mixer or stirrer being forced out of place as the matter under treatment freezes upon
the bottom of the pan.
Rotary motion is given to the freezing pan through the lid and with this object I
arrange upon the inside of the freezing pan one or more vertical feathers and in the
lid which is constructed to fit inside the pan I form corresponding notches or ways so
that the pan may rise and fall in relation to the lid according to the condition of the
freezing mixture which is beneath and around the pan whilst both shall be compelled
to revolve together whatever may be the position of the pan.
In order to prevent the mixer or stirrer revolving with the freezing pan I employ a
fork projecting downwards from the inside of the lid so as to engage with the tie bars
of the mixer blades.
This fork is connected by a fixed spindle to a cranked arm which is hinged to the
tub for the purpose hereinafter explained.
In order to give the required rotary motion to the lid and thence to the freezing pan
I carry the lid by a hollow vertical shaft which embraces and revolves upon the spindle
of the fork. This hollow shaft has a boss or enlargement formed thereon at about
midway of its length which takes a bearing upon a short tube or collar encircling the
hollow shaft and carried by a fixed spindle projecting from and fitting into a crank
shaft revolving in the straight part of the cranked arm.
A bevelled toothed wheel is fixed upon the top of the lid and is taken into by a similar
but smaller wheel which revolves around the fixed spindle and is carried and driven
by a tubular crank shaft which receives and closely fits the fixed spindle and passes
through and is carried by the straight part of the cranked arm which is formed hollow
for that purpose, such tubular crank shaft being provided upon the end thereof with
a crank bandle whereby rotary motion may be given to the apparatus.
The hollow arm is hinged to the tub as before stated by which means it may be
readily turned back out of the way together with the lid and its connected parts when
access is desired to the freezing pan or for other purposes.
When the lid is in position within the pan the arm rests upon a bracket
carried by the tub and is there secured by a catch or bolt or other suitable
means.
As a modification of the foregoing arrangement 1 dispense with the fork and its
connected parts for holding the mixer stationary and fix the mixer upon a spindle
which is formed with a screw thread on its lower end which spindle passes down
through a tube or hollow boss upon the bottom of the freezing pan. An elongated
rectangular nut or spindle is screwed upon the end of the mixer spindle and is received

page_text: into the extended bearing or socket upon the bottom of the tub which bearing is formed
to the shape of the rectangular nut or spindle and thus holds the mixer stationary but
permits the freezing pan to revolve.
When employing this last described arrangement of parts I may sometimes dispense
with the toothed wheels and crank shaft and connected parts for giving motion to the
lid of the freezing pan and fix directly upon the vertical shaft of the lid a crank
handle and in this case I may form the hinged arm solid and provide it with a bearing
upon its end to receive the shaft of the lid.
Dated this 20th day of January 1888

page_text: I, WILLIAM HOPKINS TOMSON Managing Director of Benham and Froud Limited
of Chandos Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Copper Smiths and Art Metal
Workers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section illustrating a freezing machine constructed
according to my invention; Figure 2 is a plan and Figure 3 is a vertical section
thereof but with part of the tub and freezing pan broken away.
Figure 4 is an elevation of the extended bearing for the central hollow spindle of
the freezing pan and Figure 5 is a plan thereof.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation showing the hollow boss of the mixer and its
connected parts.
Figure 7 is an end view partly in section showing the method of securing the
cranked arm in its working position; Figure 8 is a plan thereof and Figure 9 is a
similar view with the arm removed and showing the catch or bolt turned back in its
unlocked position.
Figure 10 is a detail view showing the mode of connecting the hollow spindle with
the freezing pan and Figure 11 is an elevation of the freezing machine partly in
section showing the lid turned back in order to give access to the freezing pan.
Figure 12 represents an elevation partly in section of a freezing machine fitted
with a modified arrangement of parts for holding the mixer or stirrer stationary.
Figure 13 is a sectional elevation of such parts and Figure 14 is a horizontal
section taken on the line A. B of Figure 13.
Figure 15 is an elevation partly in section of a machine similar to that represented
at Figure 12 but showing the crank handle fitted directly upon the spindle of the lid
and Figure 16 is a plan thereof.
Figure 17 is a detail view of parts and Figure 18 is a plan thereof the crank handle
being broken off for the sake of clearness.
Like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference in all the figures, but
figures 3 to 10 and 13, 14, 17 and 18 are drawn to an enlarged scale.
a represents a shallow wooden or other suitable tub or vessel to contain the freezing
mixture, b represents a revolving covered pan or vessel to contain the matter to be
frozen and c represents a fixed mixer or stirrer.
According to the arrangement represented at Figures 1 to 11 I form the freezing
pan with a central hollow spindle b¹ projecting downward from the bottom thereof,
and I fix upon the bottom of the tub a an extended footstep bearing or socket d into
which the spindle 6' fits with capability of rising and falling therein within certain
limits and revolving.
This bearing or socket is formed of a base or flange d¹ secured to the tub by
screws d and provided with a recessed step or socket d³ to receive the hollow spindle b¹
of the freezing pan b and such recessed step or socket is formed of larger diameter
than such spindle b¹.
From the base or flange d' of the bearing d several vertical pillars d rise and upon
these pillars d* a cup d³ is supported, such cup d' being provided with a central hole d

page_text: therethrough formed with a descending flange d' around the edge thereof to receive and
support the spindle 61 of the freezing pan b.
The purpose of the cup d³ is to guide the spindle 61 of the freezing pan 6 into its
bearings when placing it in position in the tub a and the object of the peculiar
construction of bearing or socket d is to obtain an extended bearing that will allow of
the spindle of the freezing pan engaging therewith when the freezing pan b is
placed in the tub a upon a new charge of freezing mixture, and to permit the freezing
pan to descend as such freezing mixture becomes gradually melted, and such extended
bearing d has the further advantage, that in consequence of its skeleton or open sides
formed by the pillars d and its recessed step or socket d³ of large diameter, it cannot
become choked by, but will readily free itself from, or allow of the spindle 6' forming
a passage through, the freezing mixture.
The upper part of the central hollow spindle rises a short distance above the
bottom of the freezing pan b upon the inside thereof, and the bottom of the pan b is,
by a separate conical or tapered piece of metal 62 solidly connected thereto and to the
hollow spindle b¹, caused to assume a curved or rounded form 63 at that part, and the
interior of the pan at its outer bottom edge is also of rounded or concave form b
The mixer or stirrer c I form with blades or scrapers c¹ shaped at their inner
ends e, c², and at their outer ends c³, c³, to fit the rounded or concave form b³, and 64,
of the bottom of the freezing pan b and I also curve these blades or scrapers c¹ in the
direction of their length and incline them from the vertical in such manner that their
lower edges travel in advance of their upper edges c³, so that in the revolution of
the freezing pan & the blades or scrapers e¹ will have a tendency to scrape and lift the
matter being frozen from the bottom of the freezing pan band to direct it towards the
centre thereof.
These blades or scrapers c¹ are fixed, at their inner ends, to the lower part of a central
hollow boss c, and the outer end of each blade or scraper c¹ is fixed to, and supported
by the outer end of a tie bar c, and the inner ends of these tie bars c' are fixed to the
upper part of the hollow boss c.
The hollow boss c is extended in a downward direction in the form of a hollow
spindle of smaller diameter than the hollow boss e, so that such central hollow
boss c of the mixer or stirrer c takes a bearing upon the top of the hollow spindle 6¹
of the freezing pan b, and the hollow spindle of the mixer or stirrer c passes
down the interior of the hollow spindle 6' of the freezing pan b, nearly to the bottom
thereof.
The mixer or stirrer c is retained in position by means of a rod e provided with an
enlarged head el, which forms an abutment for the hollow boss c of the mixer c and a
crank handle e at the upper end by which it may be rotated, and a worm or thread c³
at the lower end taking into a corresponding thread formed upon the interior of the
hollow spindle 6¹ of the freezing pan b.
This construction permits the mixer or stirrer c to be readily removed from, and
replaced in position in the freezing pan b, for cleansing, or other, purposes, and it also
holds the mixer or stirrer c securely in place and prevents it being forced up as the
matter under treatment freezes upon the bottom of the pan b.
b
Rotary motion is given to the freezing pan 6 through the lid and with this object
I arrange upon the inside of the freezing pan 6 one or more vertical feathers 6³ and in
the lid f, which is constructed to fit loosely inside the freezing pan b, I form corre-
sponding notches or ways f¹, so that the freezing pan b may rise and fall in relation
to the lid, according to the condition of the freezing mixture, which is beneath and
around the pan b, whilst both are compelled to revolve together whatever may be the
position of the freezing pan b.
In order to prevent the mixer or stirrer c revolving with the freezing pan 6 I
employ a fixed fork g projecting downwards from the inside of the lid f so as to
engage with the tie bars c of the blades or scrapers c¹ of the mixer c in any position
of the freezing pan b.
This fork g is connected by a fixed spindle g' to the cranked part h¹ of an arm /, the
straight part of which is formed hollow and is carried by a hinge formed preferably of

page_text: a shaft 2 mounted at each end, with capability of rocking or oscillating, in brackets i
for the purpose hereinafter explained.
In order to give the required rotary motion to the lid f, and thus to the freezing
pan b, I carry the lid by a hollow vertical shaft f2, which embraces and revolves
upon the fixed spindle gl of the fork g.
This hollow shaft f2 has a boss or enlargement f³ formed thereon at about midway
of its length, which takes a bearing upon a short tube or collar carried by the outer
end of a non-rotating spindle j, the inner end of which passes into and closely fits a
tubular crank shaft k, which revolves within the bore of the arm h.
A bevelled toothed wheel f4 is fixed upon the top of the lid f, and is taken into by
a similar, but smaller, wheel k¹, which revolves around the non-rotating spindle; and
is carried and driven by the tubular crank shaft k passing through and carried by the
straight part of the cranked arm, and said tubular crank shaft k is provided, upon
the end thereof, with a crank handle k², whereby motion may be given to the
apparatus.
The hollow arm is carried by a rocking shaft h² mounted at each end in a bracket i
fixed to the tub a, as before stated, by means of which it may be readily turned back
out of the way together with the lid f and its connected parts until it assumes the
position of rest indicated at Figure 11, when access is desired to be had to the freezing
pan bor for other purposes. Any other suitable form of hinge may however be
employed to connect the arm h with the tub a.
When the lid fis in position in the pan b, as represented at Figures 1, 2 and 3, the
arm / rests upon a concave seat upon a bracket fixed to the tub a and is there
securely held by any suitable locking means.
For this purpose, according to the arrangement shown in the drawings, and which is
shown more clearly at Figures 7, 8, and 9, I form the arm h with a downwardly
projecting lug h³ having a hole h* therethrough, which lug 3 is received into an open
ended slot 12 formed in the nose of the bracket / leaving the hole in such lug h³
exposed beneath the slot where it is engaged by one arm m¹ of a bolt or catch m
mounted with capability of turning upon a centre m² upon the underside of the seat
of the bracket and the other arm m³ of the bolt or catch m forms a thumb piece by
which it may be operated.
In the arrangements represented at Figures 12 to 18 I dispense with the fork g and
its connected and coacting parts for holding the mixer or stirrer c stationary, and I
form the mixer spindle c solid and with a screw thread upon its lower end to receive
an elongated flat sided nut or spindle c³, which takes an abutment against the
spindle of the freezing pan b and thus retains the mixer or stirrer in position.
The cup d' of the extended bearing or socket d is formed with a square hole therein
corresponding with the shape of the elongated nut or spindle c³, which formation
allows of the freezing pan b rising and falling and revolving, as before explained, but
at the same time holds the mixer stationary.
At Figures 15 to 18 I have shown a slight modification in which the crank arm k
is fixed directly upon the spindle f2 of the lid f, the intervening toothed wheels f*
and and connected parts being dispensed with.
In this arrangement the hinged arm h is formed solid and is provided, at its outer
end, with a bearing for the spindle f2 of the lid f and at its inner end it is
formed with a slot therein to receive a turn button m which is carried by a seat or
rest for the arm h projecting from the bracket or plate of the hinge and serves to
hold the arm in its working position.
The position assumed by the arm h when turned back together with the lid f is
indicated by the dotted lines in figure 17.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. In a freezing machine, the general arrangement and combination of parts
substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.

page_text: 2. In a freezing machine, the employment of an extended bearing d for the
spindle 6 of the freezing pan b formed with flange d', recessed step or socket d³,
pillars d supporting cup d³ formed with central hole de surrounded by descending
flange d' all in manner substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose
stated.
b
3. In a freezing machine, the employment of a freezing pan 6 having a concave or
rounded form 63, 64, at its bottom provided with central hollow spindle 61, the lower
part of which fits the extended bearing d, the upper part of which spindle 6' rises
above and is connected to the bottom of the freezing pan b all in manner substantially
as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
4. In a freezing machine, the employment of a mixer or stirrer c formed with blades
or scrapers c', shaped at their inner ends c², c², and at their outer ends c³, c³, to fit the
rounded or concave form 63, 64, of the bottom of the pan b, such blades being curved in the
direction of their length and inclined from the vertical and fixed at their inner ends
to a hollow boss c and supported at their outer ends by tie bars c² fixed to the upper
part of the hollow boss c, which latter is extended in a downward direction in the
form of a hollow spindle of smaller diameter to fit the hollow spindle b¹ of the freezing
pan b, all in manner substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose
stated.
5. In a freezing machine, the employment of a mixer or stirrer e provided with blades
scrapers c¹ formed to fit the bottom of the freezing pan 6 and curved in the direction
of their length and inclined from the vertical in a backward direction all in manner
substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
6. In a
freezing machine, the employment of a mixer or stirrer c formed with a
hollow boss c taking a bearing upon the top of the hollow spindle b¹ of the freezing
pan band retained in position by means of a rod e provided with an enlarged head el
and crank handle e² or its equivalent at its upper end and a screw thread at its lower
end taking into a corresponding thread formed upon the interior of the hollow
spindle of the freezing pan b all in manner substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
7. In a freezing machine of the character herein shown and described, the employ-
ment of vertical feathers 6 upon the freezing pan and corresponding notches or
ways in the lid fall in manner substantially as herein shown and described and
for the purpose stated.
8. In a freezing machine, the employment of a fixed fork g projecting downwards
from the inside of the lid so as to engage with the tie bars c of the mixer c and
connected by a fixed spindle g' to the cranked part 1 of a hinged arm h all in manner
substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
9. In a freezing machine in which motion is communicate to the freezing pan
through the lid, carrying the lid f by a hollow vertical shaft f which embraces and
revolves upon the fixed spindle g¹ of the fork g, such hollow shaft f2 being supported
by a bearing such as j' all in manner substantially as herein shown and described and
for the purpose stated.
10. In a freezing machine, supporting a bearing such as j¹ for the hollow shaft f
by means of the outer end of a non-rotating spindle j, the inner end of which passes
into and closely fits a tubular crank shaft k which revolves within the bore of the
arm h all in manner substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose
stated.
11. In a freezing machine, the employment of a bevelled toothed wheel f* upon the
lid engaging with a similar wheel carried by a tubular crank shaft k revolving
within a hollow arm and provided with a crank handle k² all in manner substantially
as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
12. In a freezing machine, the employment of a hollow cranked arm h carrying a
crank shaft and connected parts and carried by a hinge such as rocking shaft h²
mounted in brackets i fixed to the tub a all in manner substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.

page_text: 13. In a freezing machine provided with a hollow arm carried by a hinge such as
rocking shaft 2 mounted in brackets i fixed to the tub a, the employment of a
bracket to support and lock the arm h in its working position in manner substantially
as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
14. In a freezing machine provided with a hollow arm / carried by a hinge such as
rocking shaft h² mounted in brackets i fixed to the tub a, the employment of a
bracket provided with a concave seat l' and formed with an open ended slot. 12 in the
nose thereof to receive a lug h³ carried by the arın and formed with a hole h*
therein to engage with an arm m of a bolt or catch mounted with capability of turning
upon a centre m2 upon the bracket all in manner substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
15. In a freezing machine, the employment in combination, of a tub a fitted with
an extended bearing such as d to receive the spindle 6¹ of a rotating freezing pan,
which pan receives, and is capable of rising and falling in relation to, its lid f; a
mixer or stirrer c retained in place by the enlarged head e¹ of a rod e and held
stationary by a fork g fixed by a rod g' to a bracket h¹ while the pan 6 rotates; a lid
such as carried by a tubular shaft and provided with means for engaging the pan b
in any position and receiving motion through a bevelled wheel f* fixed to the lid f
engaging with a similar wheel k¹ fixed upon a crank shaft k having a crank handle k²
fixed thereon and revolving in a hollow arm h hinged to the tub a and resting upon
a bracket all in manner substantially as herein shown and described and for the
purpose stated.
16. In a freezing machine the employment in combination, of a tub a fitted
with an extended bearing d formed to receive an elongated flat sided nut or spindle c
screwed on to the spindle c8 of a mixer or stirrer c and by means of which, said
mixer or stirrer is held stationary against revolution while the freezing pan b revolves
and rises and falls substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
17. In a freezing machine, the employment in combination, of a tub a fitted with an
extended bearing d formed to receive an elongated flat sided nut or spindle c³ screwed on
to the spindle c of a mixer or stirrer c and by means of which, said mixer or stirrer
is held stationary against revolution while the freezing pan b revolves and
rises and falls; a lid f carried by a spindle f2 and provided with means for
engaging the pan nb in any position and receiving motion through a bevelled wheel f
fixed to the lid engaging with a similar wheel k¹ fixed upon a crank shaft & having
a crank handle k fixed thereon and revolving in a hollow arm hinged to the tub a
and resting upon a bracket or seat all in manner substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
18. In a freezing machine, the employment in combination, of a tub a fitted with
an extended bearing d formed to receive an elongated flat sided nut or spindle c
screwed onto the spindle c8 of a mixer or stirrer c and by means of which said mixer
or stirrer is held stationary against revolution while the freezing pan b revolves and
rises and falls; a lid f carried by a spindle f2 and provided with means for engaging
the pan
b in any position and receiving motion by means of a crank handle fixed
upon the spindle 2 which revolves in a bearing upon the outer end of an arm the
inner end of which is hinged to the tub a and rests upon a seat and is there held by
means of a locking device all in manner substantially as herein shown and described
and for the purpose stated.
n
1000
WILLIAM HOPKINS TOMSON.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.