IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Crabtree, of Bingley, in the County of
York, Paper Tube Maker, and John Stell, of Keighley, in the said
County, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
Sealed the 14th May 1869, and dated the 23rd November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Crabtree and
John Stell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd November 1868.
We, CHARLES CRABTREE, of Bingley, in the County of York,
Paper Tube Maker, and JOHN STELL, of Keighley, in the said County,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to facilitate the manufacture of
paper tubes. The paper of which the tubes are to be formed is in width
adapted to the length of the tube for the time to be produced, wound on
to a suitable reel or pulley, from which it is conducted to the surface of
a cylinder or roller, where it receives paste from a paste trough by a brush

page_text: or brushes. Tapes pass partly round this cylinder or pulley and other
guide pulleys to conduct the pasted sheet of paper to other endless bands
or tapes supported by other guide rollers. In passing from one set of
tapes to the other set it passes between a pair of cutters by which the
paper is cut into lengths. Holders aid in retaining the paper correctly
in position during the cutting. The lengths of paper obtained are by
the bands or tapes and a guide roller conducted round a mandril of the
size of the interior of the tubes to be produced, and coiled or wound
thereon into the tubular form. As each tube is formed the conducting
roller and bands or tapes leave the mandril to admit of the formed tube
being drawn off by a pair of clips or doffers supported on bars and
capable of movement for taking the tubes so formed and by opening
of delivering them. The paper may be printed or otherwise marked or
decorated before being made into the tubes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Crabtree and John Stell in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
CRABTREE, of Bingley, in the County of York, Paper Tube Maker,
and JOHN STELL, of Keighley, in the said County, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the
year of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Charles Crabtree and John
Stell, Her special licence that we, the said Charles Crabtree and John
Stell, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Charles Crabtree and John Stell, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TUBES," upon the condition (amongst others) that

page_text: by its axis h¹ to revolve in the 'trough 2 containing paste of the con-
sistency desired. Brushes may be used if desired to aid the laying of
the paste from a separate trough to the surface of the paper. As shown
the surplus paste is removed from the surface of the paper by means of
a roller i which thereby acts as a "doctor." This roller i we prefer to
be grooved on its surface in order that a certain quantity of the paste
may thereby be sure of being left on the paper, and it is supported by its
necks or axis in a frame carried by an arm from the boss on
which is formed another arm adapted to receive an adjustable weight 2",
by the roller i.
which may be varied so as to vary the pressure or doffing effect exerted
The frame 2 is also formed with a neck i to turn in the
end of the arm as a swivel or rocking joint, by which the roller i will
be free to press equally across the surface of the paper on the drum h.
The paper thence passes over the surface of the guide roller g' on to
endless bands or tapes indicated by the red lines, in Figures 1 and 2,
which bands or tapes are in part supported by their passing over the
roller g and in part by the roller k, whilst motion is given to them to
carry forward the paper by motion imparted to the roller g, the
axis g of which is supported to revolve in fixed bearings a carried by
the main framing and has applied to it the tooth wheel g, which by an
intermediate wheel receives intermittent motion from the wheel g
affixed to the axis ', to which is affixed the drum h. The axis his
supported to turn in bearings formed for it in the main framing, and it
also carries the rocking lever g, one end of which is by an adjustable
pin connected to one end of the connecting rod g", the other end
of which is actuated by the adjustable crank pin g fixed with capability
of adjustment in the wheel g", which receives motion from the wheel e.
The other end of the rocking lever g' by means of a stud carries a click or
driver to take into the teeth of the wheel g. The wheel g¹³ is affixed
to the axis 1. The paper, as carried forward by the bands or tapes j,
passes between the roller k and the pressure roller (a separate view of
which to a larger scale is shown at Figure 14), and thence between the
cutters m, m', holder n, and holder roller n' to the rollers o, o'. The
cutter m is stationary. The cutter m' is carried by the sliding frame m2,
which is capable of moving up and down in fixed guides a² carried by
the main framing, and is actuated to cut the paper as it is moved forward
into the lengths of it desired, each length adapted to produce a tube
when coiled or wound on a mandril. This movement of the cutter
frame is obtained by means of the 'ever m³, which is capable of

page_text: turning on the fixed stud m', and at one end by its slotted opening it
embraces the pin m projecting from the frame m² of the blade m',
whilst the other end of this lever m is formed with a slotted opening to
receive a stud ma affixed with capability of adjustment in the lever m7,
which turns upon a fixed stud m³, and at its lower end carries a stud and
bowl to pass into the cam groove m formed for it in the face of the
wheel affixed to the shaft or axis g. The holder n is affixed to the
frame, which is capable of sliding vertically in the stationary guides a³,
and is borne with a tendency downwards by the weight n³ so that it may
rest upon and hold the paper whilst the cutting of it by the cutters
m, m', takes place, and then the holder n is raised off the paper in the
rising of the blade m¹ by means of the stud m", which then acts against
the upper end of the slot a formed in the frame n carrying the holder n.
The holder roller n' receives intermittent rotary motion in the following
manner-Upon the axis g to which is affixed the toothed wheel g¹³ is
also affixed the wheel n which is formed with a segment of india-rubber or
other suitable elastic and frictional material from n" to n adapted to act
upon a like elastic and frictional surface of the intermediate wheel n²
which revolves on the fixed stud 12, and the surface of which acts by
frictional contact with the surface of a wheel n° affixed on the axis of the
roller n. Upon the axis of the roller n' is also applied a small pinion
2210, which by means of the intermediate wheel " gives motion to the
pinion o affixed to the roller o. The portion of the paper cut by the
cutters m, m', in passing between the rollers o, o¹, is received on to a
series of endless bands or tapes p which pass between the rollers o and o',
and partly around the rollers n', q, r, 8, and 12, and when the parts are
in the position indicated by Figure 1 also partly around the mandril t
for giving the desired cylindrical form to the tubes; the action of the
bands or tapes p, together with the rotary motion imparted to the
mandril, being to carry the portion of paper round the mandril t, and
thus form it into a tube. The rollers q and r are supported to revolve
on spindles q',, carried by the frame q2 affixed to the axis q³, which is
supported so as to be capable of turning on bearings carried by the
main framing and has affixed upon it the pinion q', the teeth of which
are taken into by the teeth of the segment carried by the upper end of
the lever q, which is supported to turn on the fixed stud q', and at its
lower end carries a stud and bowl which is received into the cam course

page_text: q formed for it in a plate affixed to the axis g, by which motions may
be given to the frame g and parts carried thereby corresponding with
the position indicated by Figures 1 and 2. The lower roller s is
supported to turn upon a stud. 8 carried by one end of the lever s, the
other end of which is supported in bearings ; this lever & carries a
weight 8 which is capable of being varied in position as required, so as
to obtain a uniform tension on the bands or tapes p. u is a brush or
other rubber supported on arms from a socket u¹ upon the axis q for
the purpose of acting on the paper as it is formed into a tube on the
mandril t, and thereby giving smoothness or finished surface to it. In
order to regulate the pressure of this rubbing surface u and make it yielding
the arms are acted upon by a coiled spring us. The mandril t is formed
at the end of a spindle which is supported in bearings formed for the
purpose in the main framing, so that it may be capable of revolving,
and thereby have a tendency to coil the paper on to it as that paper
is laid round it by the bands or tapes p when the parts are in the position
indicated by Figure 1, and as more clearly shown by the diagram view,
Figure 15. This rotary motion to the spindle is obtained from the
wheel g³, the teeth of which take into the teeth of the pinion, the
teeth of which take into the teeth of the pinion #, upon the boss of which
is affixed the tooth wheel t, the teeth of which take into the teeth of
a pinion affixed on the spindle t¹. In order readily to vary the
diameter of the tubes to be produced we apply a moveable tubular
mandril to the end of the spindle t, and capable of being screwed
thereon, as more clearly shown by the separate view, Figure 13, or it
may be otherwise applied. When another diameter of tube is required
to be produced the mandril t is replaced by another of the diameter of
the interior of the intended tube. When a paper tube has been formed
as stated the frame q² and parts carried thereby are for an instant turned
into the position indicated of them by Figure 2, in order that the newly-
formed tube may be removed or doffed from the mandril t ready for
another paper tube being formed thereon. The apparatus for doffing or
removing the formed paper tubes from the mandril t consists of the
frame, which is formed to slide upon the two stationary rods a³, whilst
it is formed with arms o', o', affixed to sockets 2, which are formed also
to turn on the rods a³, a³, so that the jaws vs at the outer ends of the
arms may be caused at one time to embrace the mandril t and a
paper tube thereon, as indicated by Figure 1, and then by sliding out-

page_text: wards on such mandril whilst holding the newly-formed paper tube
between them to slide that tube off, the mandril ready for another tube
being formed thereon; and then in the back motion of this doffing
apparatus the arms o' are opened free of the mandril t, as indicated by
Figure 2, and the operations succeed each other freely. It will be seen
that each jaw is curved so as better to embrace and hold the surface
of a paper tube, and that each jaw extends over the whole or a con-
siderable extent of the length of a tube so as to ensure a holding of it
for drawing it off the mandril.
The movement to and fro of the doffing apparatus, together with the
opening and closing of the jaws of the arms v', is effected in the
following manner-Upon the axis g" is affixed the cam course m³,
already referred to and shown separately by Figure 12, to receive the
truck or bowl carried by the lower end of the lever m', whilst the upper
end of that lever m² is formed with a slot to embrace the pin * affixed
with capability of adjustment, as shown, to the rod vs, and this rod v³ is
capable of sliding endways in guides adapted to receive it in the main
framing a, a. The outer end of this rod v is by studs v, v, connected
each to one end of a link v7, whilst the other end of one of these
links vis connected to one pair of levers v', and the other to the other
of them, so that when the rod is moved in a direction outwards, the
tendency of it is first to close the jaws v³, and then by the end of that
rod coming against an adjustable screw stop 8 carried by the frame v
to move that frame bodily outwards. The screw stop v regulates the
extent of clip of the jaws ³, so that they may securely hold the tube
for removing it without crushing it. In the return motion of the
rod vs it acts in the first instance upon the links to open the jaws v³,
and then to take the frame back ready for the next operation as stated.
In order to guard against any inconvenience arising from the newly-
formed tube sticking to either of the jaws ³ we prolong the outer end of
the spindle carrying the mandrilt and form it of a considerably less
diameter than the mandril, so that a tube drawn off the mandril by the
jaws may be held from following either of the jaws as they open, and
it will then be readily pushed off this prolongation by succeeding
tubes. The formed tubes as driven off the spindle t may be conducted by
a trough to any suitable receiver. If desired the paper to be used in
making the tubes may in its progress be acted on by a dye or by a

page_text: chemical solution adapted to remove color from or impart color to the
paper, and produce a line around each tube; such action upon the paper
may be obtained by the use of a thin wheel, such as shown at 10,
revolving in a trough w¹ of suitable liquid, and imparting that liquid by
its edge on to the paper as it travels over it. The roller w is formed to
turn on a stud to supported in one end of the lever wo³, and this
lever is capable of turning on the fixed stud w* and at its other end
of receiving a weight 5 according to the pressure desired to be imparted
by the roller w. During the intervals between the intermittent motions
of the paper a trade mark or other print or impression may be imparted
to the paper. The impression desired may be formed on the surface
the lever a¹, which is formed to turn on the fixed stud x, and at its
other end with a slot a adapted to receive an adjustable stud x' from the
crank affixed to the axis, upon which is affixed a toothed
wheel, which by an intermediate wheel as receives motion from the
wheel g¹³.
of
In Figure 2 the parts are in position for an impression being imparted
from the surface to the paper whilst that paper is for a moment
stationary, and at such time the paper is nipped between the surface a
and a stationary surface a².
In Figure 1 the parts are shown in position when the surface x may
be receiving fresh supply of ink or color from a roller a carried by the
arm ", which is actuated so as at one time to bring the roller into
contact with a roller 212 revolving in contact with another roller ¹³,
receiving its supply from a trough or other suitable source, and then
delivering the color or other matter to the surface x. The roller
is driven by a band x" from a pulley on the axis
wheel x7.
of the
Having thus described our improvements and means which we adopt
in carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that what
we claim is, the adapting or combining parts forming apparatus for use
in the manufacture of paper tubes, whereby the paper to form such
tubes is carried forward, pasted, held for cutting into suitable lengths, and
cut into such lengths or portions, and the portions thus pasted, cut, and
separated are coiled or wound on to a suitable mandril to produce the
desired tube, and the formed tube produced is delivered from the mandril,

page_text: and whereby such paper may be marked and impressed or printed during
its progress in manner substantially as described.
In witness whereof, wc, the said Charles Crabtree and John
Stell, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day
of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine.
CHARLES CRABTREE. (L.S.)
JOHN STELL.
(L.S.)
CHARLES CRABTREE. (L.S.)
JOHN STELL.
(L.S.)