Improvements in Apparatus relating to the Burning of Materials used in the Manufacture of Cement, Hydraulio Limes, and similar Substances, and for Obtaining Waste Products therefrom.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1895-Accepted, 18th Apr., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus relating to the Burning of Materials
used in the Manufacture of Cement, Hydraulio Limes, and
similar Substances, and for Obtaining Waste Products therefrom.
I, JOSÉ FRANCISCO DE NAVARRO of 143 Liberty Street in the City of New
York, State of New York, United States of America, temporarily of the Hotel
Metropole in the City of Westminster, England, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The chief object of this invention is to obtain, in a serviceable form, for various
useful purposes in trade, the carbonic acid gas which is given off when burning
natural cement-making materials, lime, chalk, gypsum, and similar substances, and
the invention consists in a novel combination of parts producing an apparatus by
the aid of which the object stated may be effected, but the apparatus also constitutes
a novel means for burning the cement-making and other like-materials.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1, Sheet I, is a longitudinal section of the apparatus which is used for the
purposes of this invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross section taken on the line -, Fig. 1; and
Fig. 3 is a left-hand end view of the apparatus.
The carbonic acid gas before mentioned has hitherto been a waste product, and
has generally been allowed to escape into the air, producing more or less deleterious
effects on the surrounding country, but by the present invention the gas will be
collected and purified, and placed in suitable vessels for convenience of transport,
and for use in manufactures of various kinds, thus obviating the deleterious effects
above mentioned, and producing a commercial article of considerable value.
For the purposes of my invention, the material to be burned, of whatever kind,
is first pulverised, and is then burned in what I term a rotary retort.
I may here remark that I am aware it has been proposed to burn the cement and
other materials in a pulverulent condition in a rotating chamber, heated internally
by the combustion of powdered coal and air, and I therefore wish it to be understood
that such burning in an internally-heated kiln or chamber forms no part of my
present invention.
And in order that the invention may be clearly understood, I will now proceed
to describe the apparatus, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.
A is a brickwork setting of suitable length, and having a cylindrical or other
shaped chamber (which I term a retort or combustion chamber), B, constructed
therein. At the bottom of this chamber is an opening A' (which I term the
discharge opening), extending the whole length of the chamber, and communicating
with an archway or passage C, in which rails for a truck or trolly, D, are laid,—
opening in the end wall of the setting allowing for the trolly to pass in.
-an
At the top of the setting is a similar opening A², which I term the supply
opening, and which is closed by suitable hinged or removable covers E, and parallel
with, and slightly in rear of, this opening A, is a flue opening F, in connection with
a flue, which gradually converges to a central chimney F.
In the retort chamber B is mounted a cylindrical (preferably iron) retort G, in
which the material to be burned is enclosed.
This retort G is mounted on a hollow axle or hollow trunnions G¹, which rest oa
anti-friction bearings H, carried by suitable standards H', outside the setting A,

page_text: longitudinal ribs G³.
The retort is rotated by means of the worm and worm wheel J, J', which are
driven from any prime mover.
The axle Gis closed up at one end, and its other end enters, through a stuffing
box, a chamber or socket K, in connection with which, are a steam cock K¹,
& pyrometer K³, and a pipe K³, the latter being provided with a butterfly or other
valve.
L L represents purifiers to contain water, and having a series of partitions, by
means of which a zigzag passage is formed, and the purifiers are connected with a
force pump and a recoiver for gas.
The medium for heating the retort may be waste heat from any furnace, or a
coal or other solid fuel fire, but I prefer to employ liquid fuel, which is injected
into the retort chamber A. by the nozzles or injectors M, M, one at each end of
the chamber.
The operation is as follows :-
The covers E are removed from the opening A³, and the retort is rotated until
its doors are opposite the opening.
The doors being opened, the retort is filled to about one fifth of its area with
the pulverised materials; the doors are closed and secured, and the opening A' is
alosed with the covers E.
The burners M M are then lighted, and the retort is caused to rotate. By the
action of the flame playing on the retort, it becomes red hot, and the pulverulent
material, which is being continually turned over by the fins, as the retort rotates,
becomes thoroughly burned, the carbonic acid gas being given off during the
operation.
At first a certain amount of moisture is given off during the operation in the
shape of steam, which is allowed to escape by the cock K', and with it any air that
is contained in the retort, the valve in the pipe K' being closed to prevent the
steam and air passing to the purifiers.
When the moisture is completely driven off, the cook K' is closed, and the valve
in K³ is opened; the pump is set to work, and the carbonic acid gas, which is now
being formed, will be drawn off through openings in the hollow axle, and through
the purifiers L L, and will be forced, in its purified state, into the receiver, for
storage, or compressed into bottles, for transport.
As soon as the material contained in the retort is sufficiently burned, which may
be ascertained by the degree of heat shewn by the pyrometer, the doors are
brought opposite the opening A', and opened, and the contents of the retort are
discharged into the truck or trolly, to be taken away for subsequent treatment, or
to be cooled before being placed in bags or barrels for the market.
Fresh uncalcined material is then placed in the retort, and the operation proceeds
as before.
The waste heat is carried off by the chimney, and may be used for heating, or
partially heating, another retort chamber, or for other purposes, if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a horizontal combustion chamber, having suitable
charging and discharging openings, a cylindrical retort, a hollow axle provided
with slits or openings, and on which the retort is fixed, means for giving a slow
rotary motion to said axle; means for heating the retort externally; and purifiers
in connection with the hollow axle, for purifying the gas passing away from the
retort through the hollow axle, as shewn and described, the whole constituting an
apparatus for calcining cement-making and like materials, and for recovering and
purifying the carbonic acid gas produced during such calcining process.
2. The combination with a horizontal combustion chamber, of a rotating retort

page_text: consisting of a cylinder provided with doors and internal longitudinal fins, and
having outlets for steam, air, and gases; means for rotating the said cylinder;
and means for heating the same externally, as shewn and described, the whole
Constituting an apparatus for burning or calcining cement-making and similar
materials.
3. The combination with a brickwork setting, containing a horizontal combustion
chamber, having a charging opening at top closed by covers, and a flue opening
parallel therewith, and a discharging opening at bottom, and also an archway or
passage into which a truck or trolly may be run below the discharging opening, of
à rotating retort to contain materials to be burned or calcined, and means for
externally heating the retort, as shown and described.
4. The combination with a rotating retort to contain cement-making or similar
materials to be calcined, of means for carrying off the carbonic acid gas evolved
during the calcining operation; means for heating the retort externally; and
purifiers for purifying the gas,-all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. The combination with a horizontal, externally heated, rotating retort, for
calcining cement-making and similar materials, provided with doors, and means
for carrying off from the retort steam air and gas, of a chamber containing an
outlet cock for steam and air, a valved gas outlet, and a pyrometer,-all substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated thin and d- of Movah 1005
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.