IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT AIR OVENS FOR BAKING BREAD, BISCUITS, PASTRY, COOKING, DRYING, OR Παστρο ιπτετο Πτοπο ANDARD MAMEDEATO
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Veillon, of Toulouse, in the Empire of France,
at present residing at 33, Upper Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT AIR
OVENS FOR BAKING BREAD, BISCUITS, PASTRY, COOKING, DRYING, OR
Παστρο ιπτετο Πτοπο ANDARD MAMEDEATO"
Sealed the 12th November 1867, and dated the 25th June 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Veillon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1867.
I, HENRY VEILLON, of Toulouse, in the Empire of France, at present
residing at 33, Upper Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOT AIR OVENS FOR BAKING BREAD, BISCUITS, PASTRY, COOKING,
DRYING, OR DESICCATING FLOUR AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construction
of hot air ovens suitable for baking every description of alimentary food, such
as bread, biscuits, pastry, and meat, being also suitable for drying or desiccating
flour, farinaceous and other materials. For this purpose I construct a
rectangular chamber with brickwork or other suitable materials, at the bottom
of which a furnace is placed suitable for burning coke or other fuel, or if

page_text: preferred gas may be burnt in the furnace for heating the oven; the sides
and top of the furnace I prefer to construct of fire brick or clay with air
spaces to conduct to and to concentrate the heat from the furnace at the front
end of the oven. The outlet at the back end of the furnace is arranged so
as to conduct the heat and products of combustion into and through a series
of iron or other pipes or flues arranged horizontally with spaces between
them. After traversing the lower series of pipes or flues the heat and products
of combustion pass upwards into and through other horizontal pipes or flues
arranged in the centre of the oven above the furnace and from thence pass
away through an exterior pipe or flue to the chimney. The exterior pipe or
flue passes through or in contact with a cistern for the purpose of heating
water; a valve or damper is placed in the outlet pipe or flue, and a thermometer
is placed in a recess in front to indicate and thereby regulate the temperature
of the oven.
In order to cause the heat of the furnace to be uniformily
distributed through the oven, and to maintain the temperature as high at the
front as at the back, two or more horizontal iron pipes are placed over the
arch of the furnace, such pipes communicating by a series of vertical pipes or
passages with the interior of the furnace. These pipes conduct the heat from
the furnace to the front part of the oven to keep the temperature as high there
as at the back end; a screen or cover of fire brick or clay is arranged over the
furnace and centre flue (except at the front end) so as to conduct the heat
from back to front end of the oven and thus distribute the heat uniformly
throughout. The ends of the heating pipes or flues are closed by moveable
covers or stoppers for the purpose of cleaning them out when required; on
each side of the central pipes and above the lower horizontal pipes or flues
rails are fixed in the chamber of the oven for supporting the drawers or plat-
forms upon which the bread or other articles to be baked are placed;
each drawer or platform consists of an iron frame for supporting the plates
upon which the articles to be baked are placed. The drawers or platforms
are, furnished with rollers so as to run freely upon the rails fixed within the
oven, in the front of which a frame is arranged to support rails suspended
therefrom, upon which a travelling carriage is mounted. Suitable arms
descend from the carriage to which the outer ends of the drawers, trays, or
platforms may be readily connected by a hook or otherwise when the outer
door opposite the drawer is opened, so that when the carriage is pushed away
from the front of the oven, each drawer or platform may be easily drawn out
and replaced therein from time to time as required. At the back end of each
drawer, tray, or platform a plate is fixed corresponding in size with the door or
opening in front, so that when either of them are drawn out the opening to

page_text: the oven will be closed, thereby thus preventing the escape of heat. The
relative position of the furnace and the arrangement of the pipes or flues
for circulating the heat may be varied without altering the character of
my Invention.
Hot air ovens constructed and arranged according to my improvements are
very cleanly and economical in use, very little fuel being required to maintain
the requisite temperature when in operation; much manual labor and time is
also saved by the mechanism for introducing and withdrawing the trays or
platforms upon which the-articles or other matters are baked, cooked, or dried.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Veillon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th December 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
VEILLON, of Toulouse, in the Empire of France, at present residing at 33, Upper
Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road, in. the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the. said
Henry Veillon, Her special licence that I,, the said Henry. Veillon, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Veillon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOT AIR OVENS FOR BAKING BREAD, BISCUITS, PASTRY, COOKING, DRYING, OR
DESICCATING FLOUR AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Veillon, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six. calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Veillon, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construc-
tion of hot air ovens suitable for baking every description of alimentary food,
such as bread, biscuits, pastry, and meat, being also suitable for drying or
desiccating flour, farinaceous and other materials. Ovens for baking bread,
biscuits, pastry, meat, and other matters as usually constructed and heated
occasion the waste of a considerable amount of the heat imparted thereto by
the manner in which they are heated, and also during the long operations of
cleaning and charging the oven. The operations of heating, charging, and
withdrawing are difficult and troublesome, and can only be trusted to a skilled
workman; they are also less hot at the part near the entrance than at the
opposite end, and as the articles to be baked which are last introduced are
placed nearest to the entrance or coolest part they must necessarily be
withdrawn first causing great inequality in the baking operation.
Now according to my improvements as the interior of the chamber. (or
chambers) of the oven where the process or operation of baking takes place
does not communicate with the furnace employed for heating the same no
cinders, smoke, or other objectionable matters can enter therein, and the process
or operation of baking can proceed continuously without interruption, as the
heating and baking take place simultaneously. Great economy of fuel results
from this improved arrangement of the oven combined with the means
employed for heating the same, nearly all the heat being utilized, for when the
oven is once properly heated it can be maintained at the same temperature
by a comparatively small consumption of fuel; much time and labour is also
saved in the use of ovens of this improved arrangement and construction.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into practice I will proceed to describe the several Figures of
the Drawing hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows a plan in section; Figure 2 a central longitudinal vertical
section; Figure 3 a longitudinal vertical section taken through the chamber
of the oven; Figure 4 is a front elevation; and Figure 5 a perspective view
of an oven constructed and arranged in accordance with my improvements.
a, a, are the walls and roof constructed of brickwork or other suitable
materials which surround the oven; b is the furnace for heating the system
of flues through which the hot air and products of combustion circulate so as
to heat the oven; c is the ash-pit and stokehole of the furnace; d, d, are

page_text: openings or passages formed in the side walls of the furnace to conduct and
distribute the heat from the furnace. Coke or other fuel, or if preferred gas,
may be consumed in the furnace for heating the oven. In order to cause the
heat of the furnace to be uniformly distributed through the oven, and to
maintain the temperature as high at the front as at the back part, two or more
horizontal iron pipes 6 are placed immediately over the arch of the furnace,'
such pipes communicating by a series of vertical pipes or passages be with the
interior of the furnace; these pipes conduct the heat directly to the front part
of the oven to maintain the temperature as high there as at the back end:
In order to distribute the heat more uniformly throughout the oven the
furnace and central flue f (except at the front end) is covered over with a
screen e of fire brick, clay, or other refractory materials, by which means the
heat is first conducted by the flue or chamber f to the transverse pipe or flue g
at the back, where it is distributed and conducted by other pipes or flues
towards the front end so as to heat the oven uniformly throughout. The
distributing pipe or flue g conducts the beat and products to the right and
left, from which it passes into and circulates through the series of pipes or
flues h, i, j, k, and 7, as indicated by arrows, and if desired this lower series
of pipes may be covered over by a plate or screen except towards the front
part of the oven; from the lower scries of pipes or flues the heat rises into and
circulates through the series of pipes or flues m, n, n', and o arranged in the
centre of the oven above the furnace. A damper or valve is placed in the
vertical outlet pipe o' to regulate the heat as may be required, a thermometer
02 being placed in a recess in the front of the oven to indicate and thereby
regulate the heat of the oven. The pipe o¹ in its passage to the chimney y
passes through the boiler p for the purpose of heating water required for use
in the preparation of dough or for other purposes. The several pipes or flues
are so arranged as to be readily cleaned, when required, by removing the covers
or plugs which close their outer ends. On each side of the central pipes or
flues m, n, and above the lower horizontal pipes or flues g, h, i, j, k, and 7,
tram rails are fixed in the chamber of the oven for supporting the series of
drawers or platforms s upon which the bread, biscuits, or other articles to be
baked or dried are placed. Each drawer or platform s consists of an iron
frame, the bottom or surface of which I prefer to cover with clay, tile, or brick.
The drawers or platforms s are furnished with rollers s' to cause them to run
freely upon the rails into and out of the oven in the following manner :-t is
a framework attached to the iron standards t* fixed in front of the oven for
supporting the rails t, t, upon which a carriage or traveller t is mounted
opposite the entrances or doors of the oven; attached to the carriage on each

page_text: side are arms t³, to which the outer ends of either of the drawers, trays, or
platforms s can be readily connected by means of books, bolts, or other
connections t, t. When it is desired to withdraw either of the drawers or
trays s from the oven the carriage t2 is moved up to the front of the door,
which is opened, and the hooks t connected to the drawer so that by moving
the carriage away from the oven the drawer attached thereto will be withdrawn
and supported whilst the contents are removed. At the back end of each
drawer sa plate s³ is fixed corresponding in size with the door or opening
in front, so that when either of the drawers s are drawn out the opening to
the oven will be closed by the plate sa fixed upon the back end of the drawer,
thus preventing the escape of heat.
From the previous description it will be evident that the arrangement of the
furnace and flues for heating the oven may be considerably varied without
departing from the true character of my Invention.
What I claim is the improved arrangement and construction of oven heated
by a system of hot air pipes or flues in the manner herein described and
shown by the Drawing hereunto annexed, together with the apparatus for
introducing and withdrawing the articles to be baked or dried, by which
improved arrangement of oven, and apparatus combined therewith, the opera-
tions of baking, drying, or desiccating can be carried on continuously without
loss of heat and with great economy of fuel.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Veillon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
HENKY VEILLON. (L.S.)