Improvements in and relating to Tiles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1892-Accepted, 10th Sept., 1892
CUMIENIE DIUITIATION,
Improvements in and relating to Tiles.
I, FREDERICK NORBERT MARVICK, a citizen of the United States of America,
residing corner of Putnam and Kirkland Streets, in the City of San Mateo, County
of Putnam and State of Florida, one of the United States of America, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates, generally, to improvements in tiles, such as are employed
for the ceiling, sides, and roofs of houses, and it consists in the peculiarities of
construction and arrangement or combination of parts and features hereinafter fully
disclosed in the description, drawings and claims.
The objects of my invention are, first, to provide improved flanges at the upper
ends of tiles, whereby water is prevented from passing into the joints at the sides of
said tiles and to the upper edges thereof, and which will also permit the lower edges
of the next tiles above to hang clear of the upper edges of the next lower tiles;
second, to provide portions of the upper surfaces of the tiles with deep grooves
leading downwardly from the upper flanges for conveying the water to the outer
surfaces thereof; third, to provide the upper flanges of the tiles with upwardly
projecting stops, which are arranged opposite the upper ends of said deep grooves
for the purpose of preventing water and snow from being blown upwardly; fourth,
to provide portions of the upper surfaces of the tiles with a series or number of
grooves which lead from the lower flanges and are arranged intermediate of and
formed more shallow than the deep grooves, whereby such water as may reach said
lower flanges will also be conveyed to the outer or upper surfaces of said tiles;
fifth, to provide a portion of the front surface of each tile with a series of ribs which
are curved or rounded for about one-half their lengths and flattened for the
remainder thereof; sixth, to provide the adjacent edges or sides of the tiles with
A-shaped or oppositely inclined recesses for communicating with the joints between
said tiles and conveying the water therefrom toward the centers of said tiles, and,
seventh, to provide tiles of this character which shall be simple in construction,
easily applied and removed, extremely durable, and comparatively cheap in
manufacture. These objects are accomplished by the improved construction and
arrangement or combination of parts and features illustrated in the accompanying
drawings forming part of this Specification, in which the same reference numerals
indicate the same or corresponding parts, and in which-
Figure 1 represents a front view of two building tiles constructed and arranged in
accordance with my invention ;
Figure 2, a similar view with the tiles separated at their edges or sides ;
Figure 3, a vertical section of one of the tiles showing particularly the manner
of securing the tiles upon the strips or ribs which are fastened to the roof beams;
Figure 4, a perspective edge or side view of the tile having the underlapped side-
flange, and
Figure 5, a rear view of the tiles, the edges or sides thereof being separated, as
in Figure 2.
In the drawings, the numerals 1 and 2 indicate respectively, right and left
building tiles, which are so secured and relatively arranged as to form break-joints
when in operative position, which have their upper surfaces of smooth and finished
appearance, and which are especially adapted to be secured to the roofs of buildings
without nails or screws. These tiles are provided near their upper ends with the
upper and lower flanges 3 and 4, the lower flanges 4, being arranged in a higher
plane than the upper flanges, 3, which are formed with upwardly and rearwardly
inclined recesses, 5, which terminate at the bases of the upwardly-projecting and

page_text: transversely-extending shoulders or ledges, 6. These recesses and ledges prevent
water and snow from passing up and over the upper edges of the tiles, and also
permit the lower edges of the tiles next above to lie clear of the next lower tiles;
also, along the inner or adjacent ends of these recesses and ledges are formed the
angularly shaped elevations, 7, which are inclined or mitred along their proximate
edges, 8, so, as to form a lap-joint. Adjacent to the vertical edges or ends of these
angular elevations, 7, are formed the rearwardly curved recesses, 9, which terminate
in the upper edges of the lower flanges, 4, of the tiles, their purpose being to prevent
the water from passing outwardly and into the joints at the sides of the tiles.
Along the upper edges of the lower flanges, 4, of the tiles are formed the
A-shaped deflectors, 10, which direct the water flowing from the upper flange, 3,
down into the deep grooves, 11, which gradually lessen in depth down to their lower
ends, where they deliver the water upon the upper surface of the tiles. At the
upper ends of these grooves are located the upwardly projecting stops, 12, which
are formed upon the upper flange, 3, for the purpose of preventing water and snow
from being blown upwardly. Between these deep grooves are formed the shallow
grooves, 13, which start from lower points than said deep grooves and which also
gradually lessen in depth down to their lower ends. Intermediate of these two
series of grooves and in the body portions of the tiles are formed the longitudinally-
extending ribs, 14, which are curved at their upper ends and rounded for about
one-half of their lengths and flattened, as at 14', upon their upper surfaces for the
remainder thereof. At the lower ends of the shallow grooves, 13, the oppositely
and downwardly-inclined grooves, 15, may be employed; also, the oppositely and
downwardly-inclined grooves, 16 are formed in the upper surfaces and near the edges
or sides of the tiles for directing or conveying the water which passes upwardly
through the joint 17 between said tiles toward the central portions thereof.
Along the edges or sides of the tiles 1 and 2 are formed the overlapping and
underlapping flanges 18 and 19, the latter being provided with the inwardly-
inclined grooves, 20, for conveying the water from the joint, 17, down upon the
upper ends of the next tiles and into the rearwardly inclined recesses 5, in the upper
flanges, 3, thereof. The upper ends of these grooves are curved rearwardly and
terminate beneath the inclined or mitered portion, 8, of the angularly-shaped
elevation, 7, at the upper end of the underlapping flange, 19. The proximate faces
or edges of these inclined or mitered portions of the angularly-shaped clevations
form a continuation of the joint, 17. Adjacent to and to the right of the upper ends
of the inwardly-inclined grooves, 20, is formed the flat shoulder, 21, which conforms
to the corresponding shoulder, 22, on the rear side of the overlapping and angularly-
shaped elevation, 7, whereby a firm or steady connection is secured at these points.
On the rear surface of the overlapping flange, 18, is formed a series of longitudinal
grooves 23, which assist the inwardly-inclined grooves, 20, on the front or upper
surface of the underlapping flange, 19, in carrying the water downward.
At the upper ends and on the bottom surfaces of the tiles are formed the upwardly
and inwardly beveled supports, 24, which are adapted to fit over the strips or
ribs, 24, which are fastened to the beams or rafters, 24, of roofs and hold the
tiles in place when they are employed as roofing tiles. However, the beveling of
these supports is not necessary, as straight edges therefor will answer just as well
for holding the tiles upon the beanis of roofs, but for holding siding tiles in place
they are of great advantage, if not absolutely necessary. The vertical and
horizontal ribs or strips, 25, at the sides and near the lower ends of the tiles are
employed for permitting the removal of said beveled supports and leaving the upper
flanges, 3, intact, which I have increased in thickness to a much greater extent than
those in tiles hitherto employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A building tile provided with an upper flange having a rearwardly-inclined

page_text: recess, with an upwardly projecting and transversely extending shoulder or ledge
which forms the outer wall of said recess, with a lower flange which is arranged in
a higher plane than said upper flange and with rearwardly curved recesses as 9,
terminating in the upper surface of said lower flange, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
2. A building tile provided with an upper flange having a transverse recess or
gutter formed therein with an upwardly projecting and transversely extending
shoulder or ledge which forms the rear wall of said recess, and with angularly-
shaped elevations at the ends of said recess having inclined or mitered edges,
substantially as described.
3. A building tile provided with an upper flange having a rearwardly-inclined
recess, with an outwardly-projecting and transversely-extending shoulder or ledge
which forms the rear wall of said recess, with a lower flange which is arranged on a
higher plane than said upper flange, with rearwardly curved recesses as 9, terminating
in the upper surface of said upper flange, and with angularly-shaped elevations at the
ends of said inclined recess having mitered edges, substantially as described.
4. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, and with deep grooves
leading downwardly from said deflectors, substantially as described.
5. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, with deep grooves
leading downwardly from said deflectors, and means for fastening said tile to the
strips or ribs which are fastened to the beams or rafters of roofs or to the sidings
of houses, substantially as described.
6. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, with deep grooves
leading downwardly from said deflectors, and means for fastening said tile to strips
or ribs which are fastened to the beams or rafters of roofs, said means consisting
of a beveled support, as 24, formed on the bottom surface of the tile, substantially
as described.
7. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, with deep grooves
leading downwardly from said deflectors, and with intermediate shallow grooves,
substantially as described.
8. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, with deep grooves
leading downwardly from said deflectors and with intermediate shallow grooves,
said grooves gradually lessening in depth down to their lower ends, substantially as
described.
9. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, with deep grooves
leading downwardly from and between said deflectors and with upwardly-projecting
stops at the upper ends of said grooves, substantially as described.
10. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, with deep grooves
leading downwardly from said deflectors, with intermediate shallow grooves and
with upwardly-projecting stops at the upper ends of said deep grooves, substantially
as described.
11. A building tile provided with upper and lower flanges at its upper end, the
lower flange having A-shaped deflectors along its upper edge, with deep grooves
leading downwardly from and between said deflectors and with upwardly-projecting
stops at the upper ends of said grooves, said grooves gradually lessening in depth
down to their lower ends, substantially as described.
12. A building tile formed with longitudinally extending and alternating deep
and shallow grooves in its upper surface, and with intermediate ribs having
rounded upper portions and flattened lower portions, substantially as described. .
13. A building tile formed with longitudinally extending and alternating deep

page_text: and shallow grooves in its upper surface, and with intermediate ribs having curved
upper ends, rounded upper portions, and flattened lower portions, substantially as
described.
14. A building tile formed with longitudinally extending and alternating deep
and shallow grooves in its upper surface, and with oppositely and downwardly-
inclined grooves at the lower ends of said shallow grooves, substantially as
described.
15. A building tile formed with longitudinally extending and alternating deep
and shallow grooves in its upper surface which gradually lessen in depth down to
their lower ends, with intermediate ribs and with oppositely and downwardly-
inclined grooves at the lower ends of said shallow grooves, substantially as
described.
16. A building tile formed with longitudinally extending and alternating deep
and shallow grooves in its upper surface which gradually lessen in depth down
to their lower ends, with intermediate ribs having rounded upper portions and
flattened lower portions and with oppositely and downwardly inclined grooves at
the lower ends of said shallow grooves, substantially as described.
17. A building tile formed with longitudinally extending and alternating deep
and shallow grooves in its upper surface which gradually lessen in depth down to
their lower ends, with intermediate ribs having rounded upper portions, flattened
lower portions and curved upper ends, with upwardly-projecting stops at the upper
ends of said deep grooves and with oppositely and downwardly-inclined grooves at
the lower ends of said shallow grooves, substantially as described.
18. The combination of two building tiles formed at their adjacent sides with
overlapping and underlapping flanges constituting the joint, said underlapping
flange having inwardly-inclined grooves along its upper surface and with oppositely
and downwardly-inclined' grooves leading inwardly from said joint, substantially as
described.
19. The combination of two building tiles provided with upper and lower flanges,
the former having upwardly and rearwardly inclined recesses, with upwardly and
transversely extending shoulders or ledges which form the outer wall of said
recesses and with angularly shaped elevations at the ends of said recesses having
mitered edges, substantially as described.
20. The combination of two building tiles having upper and lower flanges, the
former having upwardly and rearwardly inclined recesses, with upwardly and
transversely-extending shoulders or ledges which form the outer walls of said
recesses, with overlapping and underlapping grooved flanges along their sides, and
with angularly shaped elevations at the ends of said recesses having mitered edges,
substantially as described.
21. The combination of two building tiles provided with upper and lower flanges,
the former having upwardly and rearwardly inclined recesses, with upwardly and
transversely extending shoulders or ledges, which form the outer walls of said
recesses, with overlapping and underlapping grooved flanges along their sides, with
angularly-shaped elevations at the ends of said recesses having mitered edges and
with downwardly and upwardly curved recesses adjacent to said elevations, sub-
stantially as described.
22. The combination of two building tiles provided with upper and lower flanges,
the former having upwardly and rearwardly inclined recesses, with upwardly and
transversely extending shoulders or ledges which form the outer walls of said
recesses with overlapping and underlapping grooved flanges along their sides, the
underlapping flange having inwardly-inclined grooves in its upper surface which
are formed with rearwardly curved upper ends, with angularly shaped elevations
having mitered edges with opposing flat shoulders adjacent to said elevations at one
side thereof, and with downwardly and upwardly curved recesses at the other side
thereof, substantially as described.
23. The combination of two building tiles provided with upper and lower flanges,
the former having upwardly and rearwardly inclined recesses, with upwardly and

page_text: transversely extending shoulders or ledges which form the outer walls of said
recesses, with overlapping and underlapping grooved flanges along their sides, the
underlapping flange having inwardly-inclined grooves in its upper surface which
are formed with rearwardly curved upper ends, with angularly-shaped elevations
having mitered edges, with opposing flat shoulders adjacent to said elevations at
one side thereof, with downwardly and upwardly curved recesses at the other sides
thereof, with deep and shallow grooves and with ribs intermediate of said grooves,
substantially as described.
24. The combination of two building tiles provided with upper and lower flanges,
the former having upwardly and rearwardly inclined recesses, with upwardly and
transversely extending shoulders or ledges which form the outer walls of said
recesses with overlapping and underlapping grooved flanges along their sides, the
underlapping flange having inwardly-inclined grooves in its upper surface which
are formed with rearwardly-inclined upper ends, with angularly shaped elevations
having mitered edges, with opposing fat shoulders adjacent to said elevations at
one side thereof, with downwardly and upwardly curved recesses at the other side
thereof, with deep and shallow grooves and with ribs intermediate of said grooves,
said grooves having curved upper ends, rounded upper portions and flattened lower
portions, substantially as described.
Dated this 26th day of July 1892.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.