IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, WHICH MACHINERY, WHEN WORKED BY STEAM OR WATER, MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
LENTZ, of No. 14, Eastcheap, in the City of London, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Tenth day of June last, did give and grant unto me, the said Ernst
Lentz, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Ernst Lentz, my exors, admors, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Ernst Lentz, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and'
at all times hereafter during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in consequence of a communication from
a certain foreigner residing abroad, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND FORCING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, WHICH
MACHINERY, WHEN WORKED BY STEAM OR WATER, MAY BE EMPLOYED FOR
DRIVING MACHINERY;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso that I, the said Ernst Lentz, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully appear..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Ernst Lentz, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING, No. 1.
Figure 1 represents the form of the case, with the opening b, b, for the
entrance and discharge of the fluid; Figure 2 the pistons in section. The
longitudinal surfaces of the pistons are parallel to their axles, see Figure 3.
The case is closed on its flat sides by plates screwed on, having bearings for
the axles. It will be seen by the Drawing that each piston consists of the
two half cylinders of different diameter. The proportion of these is, as
far as the principle is concerned, of no consequence. The distinction is
that with a greater difference of the half diameter, the volume of fluid drawn
in at each revolution will be' greater, and also that the motion near to where
the surfaces of the piston bear against one another will be more a sliding one,
while, on the contrary, with a less difference of the half diameter, the volume of
fluid drawn in will be less, and the motion of the pistons against one another
will have to be compared more to a rolling one. Subject to these conditions,
the most advantageous proportions are to be chosen according to the purpose
for which it is intended to apply the engine. The epicycloidical rounding off
which is required at the sides of the larger half cylinder is determined in the
same manner as in constructing the teeth of wheels, by the size of the half
diameter of the cylinder. The length of the pistons may be varied, and is
determined more or less according to the different purposes for which the engine
is to be used; but in most cases it will be found best to have the length the
same as the diameter of the larger half cylinder. Now, if the length of the
piston is equal to the inside length of the case, and if, therefore, the pistons fill
up exactly the space lengthways between the flat parallel plates of the case, if,
besides this, the pistons touch one another. lengthways, and also the inside
cylindrical face of the case, it will be evident that in turning the wheels taking.
into one another, and fastened outside the case on the axles of the pistons,.the
latter will be turned and the fluid will be drawn in at one opening of the case
and forced out of the other opening. The quantity of fluid thus moved on,
where the difference of the half cylinders are constructed to the greatest
possible extent, will be about equal to the contents of a cylinder, equal to the
diameter of the greatest half cylinder and the length of the piston. The

page_text: motion of the fluid will be nearly continual, as by the change of the effect at
each half revolution of the pistons, as suction and forcing, a continuous stream
is produced. Although, as before stated, it is not necessary to give any exact
proportions of the pistons, or of. their lengths, which vary according to the
particular purpose for which the engine is intended, yet there are a few
deviations to be inentioned, not.altering the principle of the engine, but only
occasioned by the different. manner in which the packing or tightness of the
pistons is to be effected. For instance, for some purposes a direct contact of
the piston surface with the inside of the case will be desirable, while moro
frequently a. close fitting at a few places is more advisable. This tightening
may be applied in a variety of ways, and the material for the purpose may be
different according to the fluids to be moved forward, and either leather, hemp,
or: other material may be used, each requiring to be applied in a different
manner, and therefore an alteration in the engine for that purpose would be
required. For explaining this further, I will now describe an engine which
has been constructed to be used as a fire engine, and has given very favorable
results, and this description is also applicable when making a pumping engine
for other purposes, Figures 4, 5, 6, 7. Into the case A, A, longitudinal grooves
have been cut at their places a, a, a", into which strips of metal (springs),
partly covered with leather, have been fastened (strips of leather only might be
applied), which produce the close, contact to the surface of the larger half
cylinder of each piston. In this manner the case is not touched direct by the
surface of the piston. The openings for inlet and outlet are carried out almost
to the whole length of the casing at b, b, and are made sufficiently wide to
prevent a contraction of the water as far as possible. The smaller half
cylinder of the pistons. d, d¹; are covered with leather up to the epicycloidal
surface, so that metal never touches metal, but only metal and leather. The
pistons. of this engine, to be used as a fire engine, to be worked by four men,
consist of half cylinders of about three inches and eight inches and a half in-
diameter respectively, the length being eight inches and a half; by turning the
crank handles, of thirteen inches in length, about twenty cubic feet of water is
moved per minute, and forced in a continuous stream to the height of fifty to sixty
feet and higher, the hose being furnished with a brass tube, having a nozzle of
seven eighths of an inch in diameter; but the outlet will be varied when
desired, as is the case, with other pumping engines, whether for fire engines or
otherwise. This arrangement of pumps is also applicable for air pumps of
steam engines and other uses; and when such machinery is driven by water it
will be found useful for working machinery.
. I will now describe the construction, of a rotatory steam engine according

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 represent such an engine; Figure 1 the front view, and Figure
2 the side view. The steam cylinder A contains in the interior a pair of
metallic bodies, of the same form as that described for rotatory pumps, with the
exception only that the packing of the two half cylinders and the epicycloidical
curves is not effected by the application of leather, as done for the purpose of
pumps, but by elastic metal packing similar to that applied to pistons in other
steam engines. The same object may be obtained to have exact and tight-
fitting of the pistons by hemp packing; and it should be remarked that these
details may be altered according to circumstances, and also the arrangement
of the different well-known parts of an engine, according to the Invention, are
not claimed as any part of the Patent right. The novelty of the Invention,
whether constructed for raising or forcing water, or for being worked by steam
or water, for working machinery, consists in the combining of two pistons of
the form herein described within a suitable case. The axles of the two pistons
pass through the plates a, a, a, a, on both sides, and these openings are made
steam-tight by stuffing boxes. On the axles are fastened, on one side of the
engine, the two guide wheels B, B, the axles resting on two bearings in the
supports or standards C, C, which are fastened to the foundation plate D. The
steam cylinder is supported and fixed to the same foundation plate by the four
columns E, E. The steam passes from the boiler to the cylinder through the
pipe C, and the quantity of steam is regulated as usual by the valve c, and the
regulator F, which receives its motion from the shaft h. The times of the
entrance of the steam into the cylinder is regulated by the valve d, the eccen-
tric e, and the roller on the connecting rod f. The admittance of steam has
to be cut off twice, and to be effected again twice during each complete
revolution of the pistons, and the cutting off must take place at the moment of
the change of the two pistons, that is, when the working of the two epicycloi-
dical surfaces against one another begins and must continue till the second
piston has passed the opening for the admission of steam. By this it will
appear that during one third of the revolution of each piston the steam is cut
off, and during two thirds admitted. On the main axle of the lower piston,
outside of the bearing C, a wheel G is fastened, which takes into a wheel H of
half the diameter, and by this the shaft h, to which the excentric e is fastened,
is revolving twice as fast as the main axle; the excentric will therefore open
the valve d, and twice during each revolution of the main axle keep it open
during two thirds of the revolution, and as often it will be shut by the steam
and by a spring, and remain shut during one third of the time of the revolu-
tion. The steam after having passed through the cylinder goes through the

page_text: pipe k and comes out at 1. z is the feed pump for supplying the boiler with
water, and is constructed as described for rotary pumps. At v is the suction
pipe, and at w the force pipe; and the pump is worked by the strap on the
wheel and the shaft h.
x