IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING JOURNALS OF REVOLVING SHAFTS AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Galloway and John Galloway, both of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING JOURNALS OF REVOLVING SHAFTS AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Galloway and
John Galloway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd September 1863.
We, WILLIAM GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING JOURNALS OF REVOLVING SHAFTS
AND AXLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
One part of our Invention consists in causing a continuous flow of soap and
water, oil, or other suitable lubricating fluid to pass on to the bearings or
journals of shafts or axles from one or more main reservoirs or receptacles
containing the lubricating fluid, instead of providing each bearing or journal
with a separate receptacle for the lubricating fluid, as has heretofore been
done.
Our Invention admits of being carried out in various ways, but the arrange-
ment we prefer is as follows:-
At any suitable place or places in the workshop, factory, or other locality
where the shafting is situated, but somewhat above the level of the latter,

page_text: we arrange one or more reservoirs or receptacles containing the lubri-
cating fluid; from such reservoirs or receptacles pipes are made to pass,
following the direction of the lines of shafting, and at each bearing of
the shafting such pipes are provided with a small branch pipe, through
which the lubricating fluid flows on to the bearing or journal. The main
pipes, as also if necessary the branch pipes, are provided with stop-cocks or
valves for regulating and cutting off the supply of the lubricating fluid to
the bearings. Receptacles are provided, if necessary, beneath the bearings
to catch the superfluous lubricating fluid that passes from the same, and pipes
or channels may be arranged to conduct such superfluous lubricating fluid
into one or more main receptacles, whence it may either be pumped back into
the supply reservoir, or, if not suitable for that purpose, it may be otherwise
made use of.
In another arrangement of this part of our Invention we place a spindle,
carrying arms with scoops at their extremities, or a disc, having cavities
formed at or near its circumference, in the reservoir or receptacle containing
the lubricating fluid, to which spindle and arms or disc rotary motion is
communicated in any convenient manner from the shafting when in motion,
and the scoops or cavities are thus made to raise the lubricating fluid, and to
convey the same into the conducting pipe or pipes before mentioned, which in
this case are attached to the reservoir or receptacle above the level of the lubri-
cating fluid. Or in place of the arms with scoops or disc with cavities, we
employ any other known arrangement, such as a small rotary pump, or the.
arrangements herein-after described with reference to another part of our Inven-
tion, by which when the shafting is in motion the lubricating fluid is raised and
deposited in the conducting pipe or pipes, but which when the shafting is not
in motion do not supply the lubricating fluid to the conducting pipe or pipes.
... Another part of our Invention has reference to separate apparatus connected
to each bearing of shafts or axles for effecting a continuous flow of lubricating
fluid on to the same.
In one of our improved arrangements we form or attach to the plummer
block or support to the journal of the shaft a receptacle containing the lubri-
cating fluid, and upon the shaft we fix either, on one side or on both sides, or
in the middle of the bearing, a disc or discs having cavities, passages, or
receptacles formed at or near its or their circumference, which disc or discs
dips or dip into the lubricating fluid, and when revolving with the shaft
catches or catch up the lubricating fluid in the before-mentioned cavities,
passages, or receptacles, when the latter arrive successively at the top of
the bearing, an aperture in the same is made to communicate with a

page_text: passage or channel formed in or connected to the plummer block or support,
and leading on to the top of the journal or bearing, and the lubricating fluid
then passes from such cavities, passages, or receptacles through the said
channel on to the top of the journal whence it again flows into the receptacle
below.
In another arrangement we, connect a receptacle or box containing the
lubricating fluid to the plummer block or support to the shaft, such receptacle
or box having an aperture at or near the centre of two opposite sides, through
which the shaft passes. On the inside face of that side of the receptacle or box
which is next the plummer block or support, we fix or form a cylindrical
projection or disc, having a cavity formed at the top of its periphery, which
cavity communicates with a passage, pipe, or spout, for conducting the
lubricating fluid on to the journal or bearing. Upon the shaft or axle inside
the receptacle or box is fixed or formed a disc dipping partially into the
lubricating fluid, and having one or more portions of a rim made to project
over the before-mentioned disc fixed or formed on the side of the receptacle, a
certain space intervening between the surface of the periphery of the fixed
disc, and the inner surface of the portions of the rim, which space is however
closed at one end of each such portion, thus constituting a small receptacle.
As the shaft or axle revolves with the disc upon it the lubricating fluid enters
the spaces before mentioned between the portions of the rim and the surface
of the fixed disc, and is carried by the former up to the highest part of the
latter, where it flows into the before-mentioned cavity, and thence through
the passage, pipe, or spout on to the journal or bearing. At the bottom of
the plummer block or support is fixed or formed a trough for catching the
lubricating fluid and for conducting it back into the box or receptacle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Galloway and John Galloway in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 23rd March 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GALLOWAY and JOHN GALLOWAY, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the

page_text: said William Galloway and John Galloway, Her special licence that we, the
said William Galloway and John Galloway, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Galloway and John Galloway,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING JOURNALS OF
REVOLVING SHAFTS AND AXLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Galloway and John Galloway, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Galloway, on behalf of myself
and the said John Galloway, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
One part of our Invention consists in causing a continuous flow of soap and
water, oil, or other suitable lubricating fluid to pass on to the bearings or
journals of shafts or axles from one or more main reservoirs or receptacles
containing the lubricating fluid, instead of providing each bearing or journal
with a separate receptacle for the lubricating fluid, as has heretofore been
done.
Our Invention admits of being carried out in various ways, but the arrange-
ment we prefer is as follows:-
At any suitable place or places in the workshop, factory, or other locality
where the shafting is situated, but somewhat above the level of the latter, we
arrange one or more reservoirs or receptacles containing the lubricating fluid;
from such reservoirs or receptacles pipes are made to pass, following the
direction of the lines of shafting, and at each bearing of the shafting such pipes
are provided with a small branch pipe, through which the lubricating fluid
flows on to the bearing or journal. The main pipes, as also, if necessary, the
branch pipes, are provided with stop-cocks or valves for regulating and cutting

page_text: off the supply of the lubricating fluid to the bearings. Receptacles are
provided beneath the bearings to catch the superfluous lubricating fluid that
passes from the same, and pipes or channels are arranged to conduct such
superfluous lubricating fluid into one or more main receptacles, whence it may
either be pumped back into the supply reservoir, or if not suitable for that
purpose it may be otherwise made use of.
In another arrangement of this part of our Invention we place a spindle
carrying arms with scoops at their extremities, or a disc, having cavities at or
near its circumference, in the reservoir or receptacle containing the lubricating
fluid, to which spindle and arms or disc rotary motion is communicated in any
convenient manner from the shafting when in motion, and the scoops or
cavities are thus made to raise the lubricating fluid, and to convey the same
into the conducting pipe or pipes before mentioned, which in this case are
attached to the reservoir or receptacle above the level of the lubricating fluid.
Or in place of the arms with scoops or disc with cavities, we employ any other
known arrangement, such as a small rotary pump, or the arrangements herein-
after described with reference to another part of our Invention, by which,
when the shafting is in motion, the lubricating fluid is raised and deposited in
the conducting pipe or pipes, but which when the shafting is not in notion do
not supply the lubricating fluid to the conducting pipe or pipes.
Another part of our Invention has reference to separate apparatus connected
t cach bearing of shafts or axles for effecting a continuous flow of lubricating
fluid on to the same.
In one of our improved arrangements we form or attach to the plummer
block or support to the journal of the shaft a receptacle containing the
lubricating fluid, and upon the shaft we fix, either on one side or on both
sides, or in the middle of the bearing, a disc or discs having cavities, passages,
or receptacles formed at or near its or their circumference, which dise or discs
dips or dip into the lubricating fluid, and, when revolving with the shaft,
catches or catch up the lubricating fluid in the before-mentioned cavities,
passages, or receptacles; when the latter arrive successively at the top of the
bearing, an aperture in the same is made to communicate with a passage or
channel formed in or connected to the plummer block or support, andi leading
on to the top of the journal or bearing, and the lubricating fluid then passes -
from such cavities, passages, or receptacles through the said channel on to the
top of the journal, whence it again flows into the receptacle below,.and is again.
lifted, as before described.
In another arrangement we connect a receptacle or box containing the-
lubricating fluid to the plummer block or support to the shaft, such receptacle

page_text: or box having an aperture at or near the centre of two opposite sides, through
which the shaft passes.
On the inside face of that side of the receptacle or
box which is next the plummer block or support we fix or form a cylindrical
projection or disc, having a cavity formed at the top of its periphery, which
cavity communicates with a passage, pipe, or spout, for conducting the
lubricating fluid on to the journal or bearing. Upon the shaft or axle inside
the receptacle or box is fixed or formed a disc, dipping partially into the
lubricating fluid, and having one or more portions of a rim made to project
over the before-mentioned disc, fixed or formed on the side of the receptacle,
a certain space intervening between the surface of the periphery of the fixed
disc and the inner surface of the portions of the rim, which space is, however,
closed at one end of each such portion, thus constituting a small receptacle.
As the shaft or axle revolves with the dise upon it, the lubricating fluid enters
the spaces before mentioned between the portions of the rim and the surface
of the fixed disc, and is carried by the former up to the highest part of the
latter, where it flows into the before-mentioned cavity, and thence through
the passage, pipe, or spout on to the journal or bearing. At the bottom of
the plummer block or support is fixed or formed a trough for catching the
lubricating fluid, and for conducting it back into the box or receptacle.
Figure 1 on the accompanying Drawing shews an elevation, and Figure 2
shews a part plan of two lines of shafting A, B, to the bearings C, C, C', C',
of which lubricating fluid is supplied from one main reservoir D, according to
the first part of our Invention. For this purpose pipes E, E', pass from the
reservoir D along each line of sbafting, and are provided at each bearing C, C, C',
of the same with branches e, e, e¹, for conducting the lubricating fluid on to
the bearing. The branches e, e, et, have stop-cocks, by which the supply may
be accurately regulated. The lubricating fluid passes from each of the
bearings C, C, C, into the receptacles J, J, J', whence it is conducted by means
of the pipes K, K', into the lower reservoir or tank D'. From this latter it is
continually pumped back into the upper reservoir D while the shafting is in
motion by means of a rotary or other pump L, receiving motion from the
shafting B by means of a strap 6, or in any other convenient manner. By this
means, while the shafting is in motion a continuous circulation of the lubricating
fluid takes place, affording a constant supply of the same to the bearings
C, C, C¹.
Figure 3 shews a sectional elevation, and Figure 4 shews a part plan, of an
arrangement in which there is only one reservoir D from which the lubricating
fluid is delivered into the pipes E, E', only when the shafting is in motion, by
means of a revolving dise with scoops or cavities F dipping into the lubri-

page_text: cating fluid, and fixed upon the spindle G, which spindle receives rotary motion
from the shafting A by means of the gearing H, I. The lubricating fluid is
conducted from the receptacles J, J', by means of the pipe K, to wherever
required.
Figures 5 and 6 shew an arrangement for lubricating bearings according
to the second part of our Invention. Figure 5 shews a longitudinal section
through the bearing, and Figure 6 shews a transverse section of the same.
The arrangement is here shewn applied to a hanger, but it may also be
employed with any other description of plummer block. A is the hanger,
partially enclosed in the receptacle B, forming the reservoir for the lubricating
fluid; upon the shaft C is fixed a disc D, having cavities d, d, d, on its cir-
cumference, which disc dips into the lubricating fluid, and in rotating with
the shaft in the direction of the arrow, carries the lubricating fluid up in the
cavities d, d; these latter are provided with side openings d', d', for the
escape of the fluid on to the bearing. These side openings are kept closed
until they arrive at the top of the bearing by means of the side surface of the
brasses to the hanger, as indicated. Arrived at the top, these openings com-
municate with a passage E of some width, as indicated at Figure 6, through
which passage the lubricating fluid consequently passes from the cavities d, d, d,
on to the bearing. Instead of fixing the disc D at the side of the bearing, it
may be placed in the middle of the same, as indicated at the longitudinal
section at Figure 7, openings d', d', being in this case provided on each side
of the disc for conveying the lubricating fluid into the two passages E, E. ·
Figures 8 to 12 shew the arrangement for lubricating bearings according
to the third part of our Invention, as applied to an ordinary plummer block;
Figure 8 shews a front elevation of the same; Figure 9 shews a longitudinal
section; Figure 10 shews a transverse section on line X, X, Figure 9;
Figure 11 shews a detached view of the rotating disc D, and Figure 12
shows a side view of the same. In this arrangement a chamber B for con-
taining the lubricating fluid is attached to one end of the plummer block A.
The chamber B is formed in this case of two parts, of which one part E, of a
circular form is made in one with the plummer block, or is fixed to the same,
whilst the other part, consisting of the cylindrical portion F and closed end G,
is made to fit in a water-tight manner over the circumference of the part E,
or it may be fixed to the same by means of flanges and bolts, or in any other
suitable manner. Upon the part E is formed or fixed a cylindrical pro-
jection H, having a cavity h at top communicating with the top of the
plummer block A by means of the spout I, and having a second cavity h' at
bottom communicating with the trough J, J, formed at each end of the

page_text: plummer block by means of the channel K. The cylindrical projection H, as
also the parts E and G of the chamber B, have central openings, as indicated,
through which the shaft C passes; upon this latter, inside the chamber B, is
fixed.the disc D, fitting closely against the end surface of the part H, and
having projecting portions or scoops d, d, d, which project over the periphery
of the
part Hin such a manner as to constitute buckets, as shown in Figure 10.
Thus it will be seen that when the shaft C, and with it the disc D, revolves
in the direction of the arrow, the scoops d, d, d, carry up the lubricating fluid to
the top of the part H, where it flows into the cavity h, and thence through the
spout I on the plummer block; the superfluous lubricating fluid passes
through the channel K back into the chamber B.
Having now described the several parts of our Invention, and the best means
we are acquainted with of performing the same, we wish it to be understood
that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details of the several arrange-
ments, as herein-before described, with reference to the accompanying Drawing,
as these may be variously modified without departing from the nature of our
Invention; nor do we claim generally supplying lubricating fluid to the various
moving parts of machinery from one main reservoir, as we are well aware that
such arrangements have been made use of for locomotive engines; nor do we
claim, generally, the employment of a rotating disc with cavities fixed to
revolving shafts for supplying the bearings thereof with lubricating fluid; but
what we claim is,―
Firstly, supplying lubricating fluid to the bearings of revolving shafting
from one or more main cisterns, tanks, or reservoirs, whence the lubricating
fluid is conducted through pipes following the lines of shafting, and through
branches from the same, with or without stop-cocks, on to each separate
bearing, such bearings being further provided with receptacles and pipes con-
necting the same for conducting away the lubricating fluid to a lower cistern,
from whence it is again raised into the upper cistern for maintaining a con-
tinuous supply while the shafting is in motion.
Secondly, in combination with the arrangement of one or more main
reservoirs and pipes from the same for conducting the lubricating fluid to the
bearings of shafting, the employment of apparatus such as revolving scoops,
or discs with cavities, or centrifugal pumps situated in or communicating with
the main reservoir or reservoirs, and receiving motion from the revolving
shafting in such manner as to convey the lubricating fluid to the bearings of
the shafting only when the latter is in motion.
Thirdly, the construction and employment of apparatus for lubricating the
bearings of shafting or axles in which a revolving disc situated in a reservoir

page_text: containing lubricating fluid is made to convey the lubricating fluid on to
the top of the bearing in cavities formed on the circumference of the disc,
such cavities having side orifices that are kept closed until the cavities arrive.
at or near the top of the bearing, substantially as berein-before lescribed with
reference to Figures 5 to 7 on the accompanying Drawing.
Fourthly, the construction and employment of apparatus for lubricating
the bearings of shafting or axles, in which projections formed on a revolving
disc are made to raise the lubricating fluid in spaces formed between such
projections and the surface of a fixed disc; the lubricating fluid being made
to pass into a cavity in the top of the fixed disc, whence it flows on to the
bearing, substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figures 8
to 12 on the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the shid William Galloway, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
W. GALLOWAY. (L.S.)