IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beverley Fenby, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 24th April 1868, and dated the 30th October 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Beverley Fenby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1867.
J, JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging, in the manner
herein-after explained, the parts of valves for opening and closing at pleasure
the communication between the feed or exhaust pipes of hydraulic presses and
the cylinders of the said presses, and thereby establishing a communication
between the pump and cylinder when it is wished to raise the ram or plunger
of the press, or between the cylinder and the exhaust pipe when it is wished

page_text: to allow the ram or plunger to make its return motion. Valves constructed
according to my Invention may also be used for the accumulators of hydraulic
presses and for various other purposes.
at one end
I will describe my Invention with reference to a hydraulic press. I connect
with the cylinder of the press a small or supplementary hollow cylinder closed
; a piston or plunger of the kind herein-after described works in
the said small cylinder. The connection between the said two cylinders is by
means of a pipe or opening in the side of the small cylinder and about midway
between its ends. The feed pipe from the pump opens into the small
cylinder at its side near its open end, and the exhaust pipe opens into the
small cylinder near its closed end. The piston or plunger of the said small
cylinder is of the same diameter as the interior of the said small cylinder
excepting near its middle where it is made of smaller diameter, and where
between it and the small cylinder is an annular space into which the commu-
nication with the cylinder of the press opens. The parts of the small cylinder
into which the feed and exhaust pipes respectively open are of somewhat
larger internal diameter than the middle part. The range of motion of the
piston or plunger of the small cylinder is limited by a collar near its top
working in a recess in the gland at the open end of the small cylinder.
When the piston of the small cylinder is in its withdrawn position that part of
it of small diameter is brought into the portion of the small cylinder into
which the feed pipe opens, and a communication is thereby established between
the feed pump and the cylinder of the press, the communication between the
cylinder of the press and the exhaust pipe being cut off. When the piston
of the small cylinder is in its advanced position, that part of it of small
diameter is in part brought into that portion of the small cylinder into which
the exhaust pipe opens, and the cylinder of the press is thus put in commu-
nication with the exhaust pipe, the communication between the feed pipe and
the cylinder of the press being cut off. The piston of the small cylinder may
be worked by a screw, or lever, or by other means. The small cylinder is
provided at top and bottom with cupped leather packings, and the piston is
furnished with a similar packing at the part where the smaller diameter sets
in. For convenience in fixing and replacing the leather packing, the piston
may be made of two parts screwed together with the packing in question
secured between them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Beverley Fenby in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th April 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BEVERLEY FENBY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, Her special licence that I," the said Joseph
Beverley Fenby, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby,
my.executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging, in the manner herein-
after explained, the parts of valves for opening and closing at pleasure the
communication between the feed or exhaust pipes of hydraulic pressés and
the cylinders of the said presses, and thereby establishing a communication
between the pump and cylinder when it is wished to raise the ram or plunger
of the press, or between the cylinder and the exhaust pipe when it is wished
to allow the ram or plunger to make its return motion. Valves constructed
according to my Invention may also be used for the accumulators of bydraulic
presses and for various other purposes.

page_text: I will describe my Invention with reference to a hydraulic press. I connect
with the cylinder of the press a small or supplementary hollow cylinder closed.
at one end; a piston or plunger of the kind herein-after described works in
the said small cylinder. The connection between the said two cylinders is by
means of a pipe or opening in the side of the small cylinder and about midway
between its ends. The feed pipe from the pump opens into the small cylinder
at its side near its open end, and the exhaust pipe opens into the small
cylinder near its closed end. The piston or plunger of the said small cylinder
is of the same diameter as the interior of the said small cylinder excepting
near its middle, where it is made of smaller diameter, and where between it
and the small cylinder is an annular space into which the communication with
the cylinder of the press opens. The parts of the small cylinder into which
the feed and exhaust pipes respectively open are of somewhat larger internal
diameter than the middle part. The range of motion of the piston or plunger
of the small cylinder is limited by a collar near its top working in a recess in
the gland at the open end of the small cylinder. When the piston of the
small cylinder is in its withdrawn position that part of it of small diameter is
brought into the portion of the small cylinder into which the feed pipe opens,
and a communication is thereby established between the feed pump and the
cylinder of the press, the communication between the cylinder of the press
and the exhaust pipe being cut off. When the piston of the small cylinder is
in its advanced position, that part of it of small diameter is in part brought
into that portion of the small cylinder into which the exhaust pipe opens, and
the cylinder of the press is thus put in communication with the exhaust pipe,
the communication between the feed pipe and cylinder of the press being cut
off. The piston of the small cylinder may be worked by a screw or lever or
by other means. The small cylinder is provided at top and bottom with
cupped leather packings, and the piston is furnished with a similar packing
at the part where the smaller diameter sets in. For convenience in fixing
and replacing the leather packing the piston may be made of two parts
screwed together with the packing in question secured between them.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents an end elevation of a small valve for a hydraulic press,
constructed according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of
the same, and Figure 3 is a side elevation of the same; the same letters
indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
a is the hollow cylinder of the valve, and 9 is the piston or plunger working

page_text: in the said cylinder. The cylinder a is provided with screwed lugs or con-
necting pieces b, c, d, and-a tapped hole e for making the necessary joints or
connections with the feed and exhaust pipes of the press pumps.and accumu
lator. The piston or plunger 9 in the cylinder a carries the cupped leather
or collar h, and in the said cylinder a is a cupped leather packing i which fits
the said piston in all its positions, as herein-after explained. The piston or
plunger g immediately at the rear of the cupped leather his reduced in
diameter, its extreme end being of the full size, as represented in Figure 2.
In addition to the cupped leather packing i, the cylinder-a is furnished with
the cupped leather packing k. In the gland is a cylindrical chamber 12, in
which the collar 9 on the piston or plunger.g works, the said collar g acting
as a stop to regulate the range of motion of the said piston or plunger; the
collar g³ is made solid with, the piston g. The mode of fixing is as follows:-
One of the lugs or connecting pieces b, d, being coupled to the pressure pipe
leading to the tank of the pumps, the other lug 6 or d is stopped off or
coupled to the corresponding parts of the next valve where, several form one
series. The lug or connecting piece c is coupled to the cylinder of the press
where the ram moves, and to the ram if the cylinder moves. The cylinder-a
is provided with four flat lugs or connecting pieces m for bolting the valve to
a base plate or to the press.
.
•
In Figure 2 the valve is represented in a neutral position, the 'cupped
leather packing h closing the passage from the chamber a³ of the cylinder to
the opening in the lug or connection c, while at the same time the end-of the
piston or plunger g fitting the cupped leather packing k cuts off communication
between the press and the exhaust chamber a³, causing the hydraulic press to
maintain a state of rest. The piston or plunger 9 being moved in the
direction indicated by the arrow in Figure. 2, brings the packing h into the
chamber. a, and thereby opens communication between the lug or con-
nection 6 and the press, the plain end of the plunger 9 still fitting the cupped
leather packing k, and preventing any access to the exhaust chamber a³.
When the plunger g is moved in a direction contrary: to that indicated by the
arrow in Figure 2, the cupped packing h passes into the small part of the
eylinder a and cuts off the feed, the valve passing beyond the neutral position
represented, and bringing the reduced part of the plunger 9 through the
packing k, and in part into the chamber a³, thus allowing a free escape of the
water from the press..
Figure 4 represents in horizontal section a large valve constructed
according to my Invention, arranged for working with a secondary valve of
smaller bore; Figure 5. is a side elevation of the same, and Figures 6 and 7

page_text: are end elevations of the same; Figure 8 represents the piston or plunger
separately; the same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7,
and 8. B is the hollow cylinder provided with the required lugs or con-
necting pieces y for bolting down, and with passages C, D, and F for feeding,
exhausting, and coupling to the press. The plunger A is made in three
At either end of
parts for the purpose of fitting on leather collars & and w.
the valve cylinder are leather collars or packings vand u; pieces t of wood,
india-rubber, or other material are inserted into the recesses in the glands r
and & for the ends of the plunger A to strike against. The smaller valve X
is fixed on the large valve in the manner represented in Figures 5, 6, and 7,
and the said smaller valve X has communication with the chambers a, b,
and c in the cylinder of the large valve, the lugs or connecting pieces of the
said small valve being connected for this purpose with the said chamber a, b, c.
The valve as shown in Figure 4 is in a neutral position. The feed water
being supplied through the passage C passes into the smaller valve X through
the pipe 62, and is exhausted from thence through the pipe d². The plunger
of the smaller valve X being worked with a lever the water is alternately
supplied to and exhausted from the chamber a, and thus gives the plunger A
the necessary reciprocating motion for admitting the water to the ram of the
press from the feed lug. or connection C through the lug or connection F,
and withdrawing and discharging the said water through the exhaust
passage D.
Figure 9 represents in longitudinal section two single valves constructed
four-
according to my Invention, as arranged for working together where
ported valve is required to feed and exhaust on both sides of a piston. The
said valves are coupled end to end, as represented, with distance pieces M
between them, so that when one is open to exhaust the other shall be open to
feed, as will be understood by the description herein-before given; the valves
may also be arranged with the ends reversed.
Figures 10 and 11 represent on a large scale the gland r of the valve
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, Figure 10 being a longitudinal section, and Figure 11
an end elevation of the inner face of the same; the said Figures. 10 and 11
exhibit the shape of the recess M formed for supporting the cupped leathe
packing marked u, in Figure 4.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner i
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do no
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the sam
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but
claim as my Invention the improvements in valves for hydraulic presses and

page_text: for other purposes herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, constructing the said valves of a hollow cylinder,
and a piston or plunger working therein, the said hollow cylinder and piston
or plunger and parts connected therewith being constructed and arranged
substantially as described and illustrated, whether the valve be worked by the
direct motion of the piston or plunger or by a small supplementary valve of
similar construction.
In witness whereof I, the said Joseph Beverley Fenby, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY. (L.S.)