Improvements in Apparatus for Producing False Selvedges in Two or More Simultaneously Woven Fabrics.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1893-Accepted. 19th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by EMILE LANGJAHR, of 9, Rue de Florence, Paris,
in the French Republic, Engineer.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing False Selvedges in Two
or More Simultaneously Woven Fabrics.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70 Market Street. Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Member of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The apparatus to which this invention relates is based upon known systems in
which a straight thread is used in the formation of the false selvedge in combination
with two threads which are moved alternately in opposite directions, the motion of
either of the threads being always opposed in directions to that of the other.
Instead however of producing the false selvedge in the usual manner with the
right side above, it is produced in the reverse direction; with the right side below
the fabric. This, in the case of looms weaving silk goods is a decided advantage
since such goods are generally woven face down.
The apparatus constructed according to this invention is of great simplicity, is
not liable to derangement, and is exceedingly durable. Further, it occupies a
width of only about three fifths of an inch, whilst other apparatus of a similar
character requires about two inches, and by a simple multiplication of some of its
parts, different kinds of selvedges may be produced. Thus, I may use two, three
or four of the straight threads, and two or three of the moving threads in the
production of each border or edge, and produce imitations of plait braid and the
like. Also, when several pieces, as for example of ribbon, are woven at once, only
prolongations of the apparatus are required after the first, for each piece, and a
single movement or apparatus will operate all the prolongations simultaneously.
In all other systems, as many apparatus are required as there are pieces, less one,
as many actuating movements, and as many times the cost. Since the prolongation
of the apparatus costs much less than the apparatus itself, this system is much less
costly and simpler than those at present existing.
The apparatus constructed according to this invention is secured upon a cross
bar in the upper part of the loom, a short distance behind the healds or harness.
On the fixed base plate, there are mounted two horizontally sliding plates, guided
by pins fixed in the base plate and passing through slots in the sliding plates. The
effective length of each of these slots, and consequently the amount of the travel
of the plates is adjusted by suitable screws. Motion in opposite directions is given
to the plates from the shedding motion or from any other source. This motion
may be produced by means of a strap or cord actuated from the shedding motion
and attached to the rim of a small pulley to which there is also attached a retractile
spring tending to pull against the strap and thus also to restore the pulley after
each stroke. On the axis of the pulley there is a small spur pinion which engages
with racks, one of which is above the pinion on one slide, and the other below the
pinion on the other slide. Other means for producing the desired motion in the
slides may be employed.
At the back of the apparatus there is a perpendicular reciprocating blade,
actuated with the healds by suitable means either at every shoot or at every second
or third shoot of the weft, according to the nature of the false selvedge or border
desired to be produced. The lower end of this blade, which travels in suitable
guides, has a spring connected with it and with the floor and tending to pull it
downward after each stroke.

page_text: In front of the vertical reciprocable blade, there are four needles arranged
vertically, one pair in front of the other and each pair in a plane parallel with
the blade. The upper ends of the needles are secured upon the horizontal
reciprocating slides, the front pair to the front slide and the back pair to the back
slide. The needles of the back pair are slightly longer than those of the front
pair, in order to prevent the respective threads which pass through them from
crossing or interfering with each other. The needles are protected by a suitable
guard.
The several threads required in the production of the false selvedge or border
are derived from bobbins mounted in a frame behind the loom. The straight
threads pass through holes formed in the vertically reciprocable blade and thence
to the reed. The other threads pass through suitable thread guides, holes formed
in the lower ends of the needles, and thence to the reed.
The apparatus is mounted so that the needles are midway between the selvedges
or borders to be produced, and there are, for each of the selvedges, one fundamental
straight thread, and two fundamental needle threads. Hence the elementary
apparatus has four needles, and two holes in the vertical sliding blade.
The needles may be arranged to move in such a manner as to cross their threads
either to the right or to the left of the straight thread at will, so as to produce any
desired result, the crossing being always effected when the straight threads are in
their lowest position.
Instead of only a single pair of the horizontal slides, with their attached needles,
three or four such slides and sets of needles may be used, and may be reciprocated
by excentrics on the pulley shaft or by other means. With this multiplication of
the slides, borders for the fabrics in imitation of plait braid or twist may be
produced. The holes in the vertical blade will of course be correspondingly
increased in number.
When more than two pieces, as for example widths of ribbon, are being woven
simultaneously, and consequently several false selvedges or edges have to be
produced, it is necessary only to lengthen the horizontal slides to the required
extent, and to mount thereon at the appropriate positions, as many sets of the
needles and vertical slides as may be required, the single pulley operating all the
needles simultaneously.
Dated this 18th day of October A.D. 1892
WILLIAM E. HEYS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Producing False Selvedges in Two
or More Simultaneously Woven Fabrics.
WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70 Market Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Member of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for simultaneously producing false selvedges
in two or more woven fabrics. Its construction is based upon the known systems
characterised by the employment in the formation of the false selvedge of a
straight thread in combination with two threads which are rotated or partially
rotated or turned in opposite directions. By inverting the apparatus I produce
the best side of the selvedge on the lower side of the fabric; this in looms for
weaving silk is of great advantage as the right side of such fabrics is generally
underneath.
Apparatus constructed according to this invention is of very great simplicity
and is as durable and indestructible as such apparatus can be. It does not occupy
a greater width than 15 m.m. whereas the feast cumbersome of the apparatus

page_text: elements of the apparatus different selvedges may be formed, for instance for each
edge two three or four straight threads and two or three of the rotatable or turning
threads may be employed.
In addition, when more than two pieces are woven together as for example, in
the production of ribbons, this apparatus has this great advantage over all others,
that it is not necessary to duplicate the entire apparatus, it being sufficient to
merely continue or prolong the actuating mechanism. In all other systems there
are as many apparatus as pieces, less one; as many actuating devices and as many
times the cost, which is not so with my system as the cost of continuing the
apparatus is much less than that of duplicating it.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate in what manner this invention
may be carried into effect and reference to which is hereinafter made,
Figure 1 represents a side view of the apparatus,
Figure 2 illustrates it in front view, and
Figure 3 is a plan.
The apparatus is fixed upon the base A which is secured to a support extending
from the loom, by means of two bolts or pins at a distance of some few centimeters
behind the harness. The support B is fixed upon a cross bar near to the top of the
loom.
The straight threads or thread are led directly from a bobbin to pass through a
hole or holes d d in the blade D which acts as a heald. This blade D at its upper
part receives a similar motion to that of an ordinary heald and lifts the straight
threads either at each pick or at every two or three picks according to the selvedge
to be produced or the closeness of the threads in the cloth being woven.
retractile spring fixed to the floor returns the blade D after each ascent.
A
The movement of the blade D is guided by the small guides d¹ d¹ the upper
ones being secured to the base A and the lower ones to the lower part of the needle
guard K.
The rotatable threads are wound upon a suitable bobbin and pass together
through a thread guide and thence to the reed after having passed through the.
holes bored in the lower ends of the needles L.
These needles L are two in number for the elementary selvedge formed from
one straight thread and two of the rotating threads there being thus at least four
needles in the apparatus arranged in pairs. Each pair is in a plane parallel to the
blade D and the needles of the back pair are slightly longer than those of the
front pair, so as to maintain the rotatable threads in two distinct and well separated
horizontal planes. In this manner the needles may change their positions and as a
consequence change the positions of the threads without the latter touching each
other or becoming crossed.
The two needles L of each pair are fixed by their ends in any convenient manner
to the undersides of slides C C gliding one upon another and maintained by
pivots or trunnions F within the slots E E¹ formed in the slides. The lengths of
the slots determine the transverse course of the needles L and the course is
regulated by the screws G G¹.
The slides simultaneously receive alternative horizontal movement by means of
a small pulley I upon the axis of which is mounted in the interior of the apparatus
a small pinion J which gears with the small racks formed upon the slides C C' as
shewn in the drawings.
A belt H fixed by means of a screw to the periphery of the wheel I is pulled or
drawn in one direction by the movement of any suitable oscillating part of the
loom mechanism and in the other direction by means of the spring M.
It will be understood that I may give the desired movement to the slides in any
other suitable manner.
If desired the needles and as a consequence the threads may be arranged in
different positions so as to enable them to be crossed at will either to the right or to
the left of the straight threads for producing any desired form of selvedge. This

page_text: crossing or changing of the rotatable threads is always accomplished at the moment
when the straight threads are in their lowest positions.
In looms for weaving two or more pieces of cloth the apparatus is secured upon
the upper cross bar as before described and the slides are prolonged to the width
necessary for the width of the fabrics and there are fixed upon the slides at the
.desired places the required number of needles for accomplishing the formation of
the selvedges. The reciprocating motion given to the pulley I gives a movement
to the whole system.
Alternatively in lieu of the two slides three or more may be superposed each
furnished with their needles, the slides being operated by means of excentrics fixed
upon the axis of the pulley or in any other suitable manner to produce the false
selvedges. In this case the holes in the blade D are correspondingly multiplied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
· claim is―
1. In an apparatus for forming false selvedges the combination with horizontally
reciprocated vertical needles of a vertically reciprocal blade constructed arranged
.and operated substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.
2. In an apparatus for forming false selvedges the combination with horizontally
reciprocal slides each of which is provided with a pair of needles, of a vertically
reciprocal blade, all operated constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore
described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
3. An apparatus for producing false selvedges constructed arranged and operated
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying
-drawings.
Dated this 18th day of July A.D 1893
WILLIAM E. HEYS.