CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Berrisford, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Machinist, and William Ainsworth, of the same Place,
Overlooker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 16th September 1864, and dated the 22nd March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Berrisford and
William Ainsworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd March 1864.
Wė, SAMUEL BERRISFORD, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Machinist,
and WILLIAM AINSWORTH, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to looms having a series of moveable shuttle boxes,
and to means for bringing the shuttles by self-acting arrangements opposite
the shuttle race in the order required to produce the pattern of the fabric to
be woven, and our improvements consist of a new combination and arrange-
ment of mechanism for this purpose. The shuttle boxes may be formed one
above another or arranged in a circle, or in any other convenient form; they
receive up-and-down, oscillatory, or to-and-fro rotary motion by being connected
or geered with a "star wheel" arranged to rotate freely on a stud in the
framing, which star wheel forms one part of an intermittent motion, the other
part of the motion being of peculiar construction. The part which carries the

page_text: pin or pins which give motion to the star wheel is separate from that part
which holds the "star wheel "when it is to remain stationary, but both parts
are so connected that they will rotate together on the same axis or shaft, but
the pin part while rotating can have end motion imparted to it in the line of
the axis of the shaft. The pin part is free on its axis, and can be and is
rotated in either direction by being brought by a clutch-box arrangement in
geer with one or the other parts of the clutches which are constantly rotating in
opposite directions. Each division of the star wheel corresponds to one
shuttle box, and by each revolution of the pin part of the intermittent motion
the star wheel can be moved one, two, or more divisions, or the pin part
may be rotated without acting upon the star wheel, which thus remains
stationary. If a movement of more than one division of the star wheel is
required to be made by one revolution of the pin part, then the pin part has
as many pins as are necessary to effect this; but these pins are made to
project at different lengths from the side of the pin part, which being arranged
'as herein-before described can be slided upon its axis, so that one or more of
the pins may be made to act upon the star wheel by one revolution of the
pin part. The position of the pin part is regulated by endless-chains tappets,
which act through levers and connections upon a suitable clutch lever; the
direction in which the pin part is to be rotated to effect a change is also regu-
lated by endless-chain tappets, which also act through levers and connections
upon a suitable clutch lever, which can bring the clutches in and out of geer
as required. The chain tappets work over a pulley loose upon a stud, which
pulley has intermittent motion imparted to it. The pin part of the inter-
mittent motion which works the star wheel that operates the shuttle boxes is
centred on the tappet shaft of the loom, and receives rotary motion in one
'direction from this shaft, and in the other direction from a wheel centred
on the tappet shaft, but in geer with the crank shaft of the loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Berrisford and William Ainsworth in the Great 3
Seal Patent Office, on the 20th September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
BERRISFORD, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Machinist, and WILLIAM
AINSWORTH, of the same Place, Overlooker, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 8
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Samuel Berrisford and William Ainsworth, Her special license
that we, the said Samuel Berrisford and William Ainsworth, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel
Berrisford and William Ainsworth, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "CERTAIN. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Samuel Berrisford and William Ainsworth,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals (or under the hand
and seal of one of us) should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Berrisford and William
Ainsworth, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (and accompanying Drawings), that
is to say :-
Our Invention relates to looms having a series of moveable shuttle boxes,
and to means for bringing the shuttles by self-acting arrangements opposite
the shuttle race in the order required to produce the pattern of the fabric to
be woven, and our improvements consist of a new combination and arrange-
ment of mechanism for this purpose. The shuttle boxes may be formed one
above another or arranged in a circle, or in other convenient form; they
receive up-and-down,, oscillatory, or to-and-fro rotary motion by being con-
nected or geered with a "star wheel" arranged to rotate freely. on a stud in the
framing, which star wheel forms. one part of an intermittent motion, the other
part of the motion being of peculiar construction; the part which carries the
pin or pins which give motion to the star wheel is separate from that part
which holds the star wheel when it is to remain stationary, but both parts
are so connected that they will rotate together on the same axis or shaft ; but
the pin part while rotating can have end motion impart to it in the line of
the axis of the shaft. The pin part is free on its axis and can be and is
rotated in either direction by being brought by a clutch-box arrangement in

page_text: geer with one or the other parts of the clutches, which are constantly rotating
in opposite directions. Each division of the star wheel corresponds to one
shuttle box, and by each revolution of the pin part of the intermittent motion
the star wheel can be moved one, two, or more divisions, or the pin part may
be rotated without acting upon the star wheel, which thus remains stationery.
If a movement of more than one division of the star wheel is required to be made
by one revolution of the pin part, then the pin, part has as many pins as are
necessary to effect this; but these pins are made to project at different lengths
from the side of the pin part, which being arranged as herein-before described
can be slided upon its axis, so that one or more of the pins may be made to 'act
upon the star wheel by one revolution of the pin part. The position of the
pin part is regulated by endless-chain tappets, which act through levers and
connections upon a suitable clutch lever; the direction in which the pin part
is to be rotated to effect a change is also regulated by endless-chain tappets;
which also act through levers and connections upon a suitable clutch
lever, which can bring the clutches in and out of geer as required. The chain
tappets work over a pully loose upon a stud, which pully has intermittent
motion imparted to it. The pin part of the intermittent motion which works
the star wheel that operates the shuttle boxes is centred on the tappet shaft
of the loom, and receives rotary motion in one direction from this shaft, and
in the other direction from a wheel centred on the tappet shaft, but in geer
with the crank shaft of the loom.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of so much of a loom as will be necessary for
explaining the manner in which our Invention is carried into effect, and
Fig. 2 is a detached view of some of the parts shewn in Fig. 1, but at a right
angle thereto, and Fig. 3 is a sectional view of some of the parts shown by
Fig. 2.
A is a side frame of the loom; a, the crank shaft; b, tappet shaft; c, the
slay, with shuttle boxes (c) moveable in a vertical direction by means of a
rod (c) and .chain (c³). secured to a pulley (c) on a stud (c) fixed in the
framing; these parts are ordinary parts of a loom arranged in the usual
manner. The pulley (c) receives oscillatory motion by means of a chain
(d), the ends of. which are secured to its periphery and to the periphery of a
pulley, which is, free to rotate on a stud (d³) fixed in the side frame, and the
pulley is secured to or forms part of a star wheel (d) on the same axis (d²),
and this star wheel receives motion from a pin and disc arrangement centred
upon the tappet shaft (b); the parts on this shaft will be best understood by
reference to Fig. 8. e is a wheel which is free to rotate on the tappet shaft
(6), but is kept in position endways by the bearing of the tappet shaft on

page_text: one side, and a collar (61) keyed on the tappet shaft on the other side. . The
wheel (e) receives motion at the same speed as the tappet shaft, but in the
opposite direction from a wheel (e¹) on the crank shaft, and by an inter-
mediate wheel (e) on a stud in the framing; the wheels being represented by
dotted pitch lines.. The disc (9) of the pin part is free to rotate on the tappet
shaft. It has a long boss which comes against the fixed collar (6¹) at one end
and another fixed collar (62) at the other end. Upon the boss of the disc (9)
a clutch arrangement (h) is placed, it has a projection (h³) which passes over
the fixed collar (6¹), and so as to reach into a hole cut out of the disc part of
the wheel (e); it has also a part projecting towards the axis of the shaft
which can enter a notch cut out of the fixed collar (61) when the clutch
is slided in that direction. This clutch (h) has also another projection (h³)
which passes through a hole in the disc part (9), so that the disc and clutch
part rotate together in every position of the clutch. When the clutch is in
the position shewn in Fig. 8, the disc (9) is in geer with the wheel (e), when
pushed in the opposite direction the projection enters the notch in-the fixed
collar (61), and the disc is then in geer with the tappet shaft, the pin part (9')
is detached from the disc (9) and it is mounted on a boss (9³), which can be
slided endways freely, and by this means one or more of the teeth or pins
which are of different lengths can be brought opposite the star wheel (d)
according to the extent of movement required in the shuttle boxes. The
clutch (h) and pin part (9¹) have movements imparted to them by means of
bell-crank levers h³ and g³), having their fulcrums on studs secured in a
bracket (A) from the end frame of the loom. These bell-crank levers have
each a pin in one arm which enters the groove in the clutch (h) and the pin
part (9¹), the other arm of each lever being jointed with a rod (h' and 9'), and
the upper end of each rod is jointed with a lever (hs or g³), having its fulcrum
on a stud (he) in the framing; each lever carries a bowl that rests upon the
links of an endless-tappet chain (h') which passes round a pulley on a stud
(h) in the framing, and this pulley is secured to or forms part of an ordinary
star wheel or intermittent motion (k), the pin disc (k¹) being fixed on a stud
in the framing, and is driven by a wheel on the crank shaft. This arrange-
ment of chain tappets is ordinary and well known. The chain tappets act to
cause the disc part (g) to rotate one way or the other, and to cause the pin
part (g) to bring one or more pins or teeth opposite the star wheel (d) as
required.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
mode in which the same may be carried into effect, and claim as our Inveu-
tion the combination and arrangement of mechanism herein-before described

page_text: and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings for actuating shuttle boxes in
looms for weaving, and particularly the use of an intermittent motion with
two or more pins or teeth of different lengths, so that by moving the same in
the direction of its axis of rotation one or more pins may be made to act
upon the star wheel at each revolution of the pin part as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Berrisford and William Ains
worth, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-four.
SAMUEL BERRISFORD. (L.s.)
WILLIAM AINSWORTH. (L.S.)