IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Williams, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Patentee of Electric Telegraphs, for the
Scaled the 9th February 1853, and dated the 19th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Williams
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th November 1852.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Patentee of Electric Telegraphs, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of combining line wires with electro
magnets in such manner that the line wires used are soldered to or
otherwise in metallic contact with the coil of wire wrapped round
the iron or other bar in forming an electro magnet, the two line
wires being respectively connected to the electro magnet wire near
where it commences to make the coil, and near where it departs after
making the coil.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said William Williams in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 19th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Patentee of Electric Telegraphis, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Williams, Her
special licence that I, the said William Williams, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Williams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term thercin expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS "
upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Williams, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and inunediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Williams, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say): "
This Invention consists of combining line wires with electro
magnets, in such manner that the line wires used are soldered to
or otherwise in metallic contact with the coil of wire wrapped

page_text: round the iron or other bar in forming an electro magnet; the two
line wires being respectively connected to the electro magnet wire
near where it commences to make the coil, and near where it de-
parts after making the coil. And in order that my said Invention
may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect,
I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
Figure 1, shows a side view of a bar of soft iron having three
coils of insulated wire thereon; and Figure 2, is a longitudinal
section thereof. a, is the bar of soft iron, or it may be of nickel; on
the middle of the portion of the bar, it is wound with insulated
wire of comparatively large diameter. I prefer to use copper wire
of No. 12, of the wire guage; and the two ends of this wire are put
in metallic connection with the two ends or poles of a battery,
when an electric circuit is to be completed in order to convert the
bar a, into an electro magnet. b, b, are two recls on the ends of the
bar a, on each of which fine insulated wire is wound; and I have
found that 3lbs. of No. 35. wire, to 2lbs. of the thicker wire, when
working with two cells of a Daniell's battery, worked Brett's
printing machine between London and Dovor. I do not, however,
confine myself to these relative quantities and sizes of wire. And in
making up the coils, I cause the two inner ends of the wires of the
coils b, b, to be in metallic contact with the thicker wire used for
producing the electro magnet; and the two line wires of the tele-
graph are to be in metallic contact with the outer ends of the fine
wires of the two coils b, b; and I cause the two inner ends of the wires
composing the coils b, b, to be soldered, or otherwise put in metallic
contact with the wire in the central portion of the bar a, the one
near where it commences to wind on the bar a, and the other near
where it departs from the bar a, after making the coils round it.
And it is the combining of coils, and placing them in metallic contact

page_text: as herein described, which constitutes the peculiarity of my Inven-
tion. I do not, however, confine myself to the details us herein
described, so long as the peculiarities above mentioned are retained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Williams, have here-
unto set my hand and scal this seventeenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS. (L.S.)