IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Cox and William Holland, of the Firm
of Cox Brothers and Holland, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS."
Sealed the 21st March 1873, and dated the 8th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Cox and
William Holland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the Sth October 1872.
We, THOMAS Cox and WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox
Brothers and Holland, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UM-
BRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:
"
In the ordinary method of manufacturing runners and top notches for
umbrellas and parasols the ring, which is afterwards converted into the
notch, is attached to the tubular part of the runner or top notch by hand
brazing or by soft soldering.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Cox and William Holland in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
Cox and WILLIAM HOLLAND, of the Firm of Cox Brothers and Holland,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her å
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas Cox and William Holland, Her

page_text: special license that we, the said Thomas Cox and William Holland, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thomas Cox and William Holland, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RUNNERS
AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Cox and William Holland,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and scal of one of
us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Holland, on behalf of the
said Thomas Cox and myself, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
In the ordinary method of manufacturing runners and top notches for
umbrellas and parasols, the ring, which is afterwards converted into the
notch, is attached to the tubular part of the runner or top notch by hand
brazing or soft soldering.
Our Invention consists in attaching the said ring to the tubular part
of the runner or top notch in the following manner :— -We temporarily
fit the said ring in its place on the tube, and by the process called
dipping we thoroughly cleanse the surface of the combined tube and ring.
We then immerse the combined tube and ring in a bath of melted tin
or melted lead and tin, or of common soft solder or other metallic alloy
fusible at the same or nearly the same temperature as tin or soft solder,
and after a short immersion in the said bath we withdraw the combined
tube and ring therefrom.
By the treatment described the ring is firmly secured or soldered to
the tube. The bead at the lower edge of the tube or barrel may also be
soldered to the tube in the manner described.

page_text: The manner in which the runner tube or barrel is made and the bead
and notch ring fitted in their places on the said tube or barrel is illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawing.
Figure 1 represents the blank from which the runner tube or barrel is
made. By means of raising tools the said blank is first brought into the
trough form, Figure 2, and afterwards into the tubular or cylindrical
form, Figure 3. The bead at the lower edge of the runner tube is made
from the cupped blank, Figure 4, the said cupped blank being raised by
a pair of dies from the flat disc, Figure 5. The bead of the runner
tube a is made from the cupped blank, Figure 4, and fitted on the said
runner tube in the following manner:-The end of the runner tube to
receive the bead is expanded or coned, as represented in Figure 6, and
upon the said expanded or coned end the cupped blank is placed and
pressed or closed thereon, as illustrated in Figure 7. A circular piece or
disc is next pierced or cut from the interior of the partly made bead b, as
illustrated in Figure 8, and the inner edge c of the said bead 6 is pressed
inwards or spun upon the runner tube, as illustrated in Figure 9. The
bead is thus made and fitted in its place on the lower edge of the
runner tube or barrel a.
The
In order to fit the notch ring d, shewn separately in Figure 10, upon
the top end of the runner tube a, an annular shoulder is first made by
pressing tools upon the said tube, and the notch ring d placed upon and
supported by the said shoulder, as illustrated in Figure 11, where the
notch ring is marked d and the supporting shoulder is marked e.
projecting edge of the runner tube a is next expanded outwards and
closed upon the top face of the notch ring d, as illustrated in Figure 12,
where the closed edge of the runner tube is marked g. The notch ring d
is thus fitted in its proper position on the upper end of the runner tube
or barrel a.
In order to solder or firmly connect the parts a, b, and d together, we
immerse for a short time the partially made runner or combined tube,
notch ring, and bead in a bath of melted tin or melted lead and tin, or
of common soft solder or other metallic alloy fusible at the same or
nearly the same temperature as tin or soft solder, the said partially
made runner having been previously cleaned by the ordinary pickling
or dipping process, and the bath having on its surface a layer of sal
ammoniac or other flux. By the immersion of the partially made

page_text: Cox & Holland 8 Impts. in Kunners and Top Notches for Umbrellas, &c.
runner in the bath of melted tin or of the alloys enumerated the notch
ring d and bead bare firmly connected with or soldered to the runner
tube a.
Instead of immersing the combined tube, notch ring, and bead in the
bath of melted metal or alloy, the said partially made article may be
plunged into the bath only to such a depth as is sufficient to cover
with the melted metal the parts to be soldered together, the article
being held in that position until it has acquired the temperature of the
bath.
By the method of treatment last described there is not so much super-
fluous metal to be removed as when the articles are wholly immersed in
the bath of melted metal or alloy.
The runner tube is now turned in a lathe, and the tin or other metal
adhering to the external parts of the said tube removed. The ring d is
next converted into a notch, and is finished by the turning and other
processes. The runner is finally japanned and stoved in the ordinary
manner.
Figure 13 represents the completed runner, made as hercin-before
described.
In making a top notch according to our Invention the parts are fitted
upon the top notch tube and treated with tin or other bath in the manner
described with respect to a runner.
By our improvements the runners and top notches are made very
economically, and the notches of the said runners and top notches are as
effectually secured to the tubes as by the more troublesome process of
hand brazing, while they are much stronger and bear the stoving process
much better than the runners and notches made by the ordinary soft
soldering process.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied with departing from the nature
of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention, the improvements in
the manufacture of runners and top notches for umbrellas and parasols,
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing,
that is to say, temporarily fitting the notch ring and bead of the runner

page_text: in their places on the runner tube or barrel, and the notch ring on the
top notch tube, substantially in the manner described and illustrated;
and soldering or firmly connecting the parts together by immersing or
partly immersing the combined article or partly made runner or top
notch in a bath of melted tin or melted lead and tin, or of common soft
solder or other metallic alloy fusible at the same or nearly the same
temperature as tin or soft solder, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Holland, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM HOLLAND. (L.S.)