IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CYLINDERS FOR PAPER PULP ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wyman Russell, of Lawrence, in the County of
Essex, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CYLINDERS FOR PAPER PULP ENGINES."
A communication from Charles James Bradbury, residing at said Lawrence.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wyman Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1878.
GEORGE WYMAN RUSSELL, of Lawrence, in the County of Essex, and State of
Massachusetts, United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CYLINDERS
FOR PAPER PULP ENGINES." A communication from Charles James Bradbury,
residing at said Lawrence.
The Drawings accompanying this Specification represent in Figure 1 a sectional
elevation, and in Figure 2 a transverse section of a portion of the roll or male
grinder of a pulp engine containing my Invention; Figure 3 is an exterior view of
the roll A with blades removed, while Figure 4 is a view of one of the grinding
blades, and Figure 5 a section of a portion of roll A with the blades removed.
In these Drawings A denotes a frusto-conical cylinder or shell of a form and size
adapted to the requirements of a paper pulp engine, this tapering shell or male
grinder being used in connection with and within a similarly formed cylinder,
whose inner periphery is armed with a series of longitudinal blades or knives, after
the manner of this class of pulp engines, as now extensively manufactured. The
outer periphery of the male grinder or shell A is armed with a series of longitudinal
blades C, C, &c., which entirely surround it, these blades operating with those of the
outer or female grinder to grind or reduce the stock to pulp. Heretofore these
blades C have been confined in place by being driven powerfully into longitudinal
grooves cut in the periphery of the shell.
When it becomes necessary to remove them, which usually occurs about twice in

page_text: the year in a mill in constant use, they must each be driven out; and as they are
originally driven into the grooves by great power, and become corroded after some
use, it becomes a matter of great difficulty and loss of time to remove them, and, in
fact, they are often broken off flush with the face of the roll or shell, and in such
cases are extracted with great labor.
In carrying out my Invention, I create in the periphery of the shell A a series of
longitudinal grooves a², &c., substantially as now practiced, except that these grooves
are of such width as to receive the grinding blades loosely in lieu of very tightly, as
heretofore, since in my case I only employ the walls of the grooves to obtain lateral
steadiness of the blades, and not to hold the latter down in place. I next create in
the periphery of the roll A a series of annular concentric channels a* and under-
cut every other rib b' which intervenes between the channels, by which means I
form an overhanging horizontal shelf or lip c¹.
It will be seen that the grooves a² which receive the grinding blades are con-
tinued through every alternate annular rib d', while the intervening ribs 6¹ and
their lips c¹ intercept or obstruct the said grooves.
Upon one end of the male grinder or shell A, I shrink a wrought-iron band or
hoop c which is let into a rabbet d formed upon the shell, the diameter of this hoop c
being such that a shallow space or notch d³ exists between the inner wall of the
hoop and the bottom of each groove a.
Upon each end of each blade or knife C I create a spur or lip e, one of which
enters and fills the notch as, the blades by this means being in part confined securely
to the shell A.
Furthermore, upon the lower edge of each blade or knife C I create a series of
cross cuts or notches f, upon one side of each of which is formed a tooth or shelf g,
the notch serving to receive the spurs c¹, while the position of the teeth g are
reversed end for end with respect to the spurs c¹, in order that the two series may
intercept each other and interlock, as shown in the Drawings.
The annular or peripheral channels a' constitute the means whereby the planer
tool which plows the grooves a² is allowed to enter and leave such grooves without
interfering with the ribs b¹.
To apply the blades, they are laid in the grooves a² and pushed endwise in the
proper direction until one end spur or lip e of each passes under the hoop c, and the
two series of teeth g and c¹ intercept and interlock each other, and the blades are
confined to the roll A. The opposite hoop c is now driven on to the rabbet in the
opposite end of the roll and over the opposite lip e of each blade. A bar of wood
is next driven between each bar, and the grinder is ready for use
To remove the blades, the wooden fillings are first knocked off. It is then only
necessary to give each blade a slight blow endwise in a direction away from the
stationary hoop, as this is all that is requisite to unlock the series of teeth g
and c, and remove lip e of each blade from under the stationary hoop.
Heretofore the blades of these grinding rolls have been composed of iron and steel
welded, and are tapering in both directions transversely, and are produced at much
cost, as one portion of the operation of producing them is to plane them in a planer;
as they increase in thickness rapidly from the cutting edge, they soon cease to
grind effectively, and must often be removed and ground.
I produce my blades by punching them from thin steel of uniform thickness, and
they retain their cutting edges in the same condition without removing or grinding
until worn out, and I thus effect a great economy of time and material.
As my blades always present the same effective cutting or grinding edges, the
power required to drive the engine is always uniform, whereas in the tapering
welded blade or bar the grinding edge at once begins to increase in thickness and
to deteriorate, while, as a consequence, the power required to drive the engine must
be increased.
I do not confine myself to a frusto-conical form of cylinder, as a straight cylinder
or other form may be employed without departing from my Invention.

page_text: CLAIMS.
First. The blades C formed with the notches f and shelves g, substantially as and
for purposes stated.
Second. The roll A, formed with the longitudinal grooves a³, annular grooves a¹,
and lips c¹, substantially as and for purposes stated."
Third. The combination with the roll A, provided with longitudinal grooves,
as described, of the blades C, entering said longitudinal grooves, and provided
with shelfs. or projections which engage in the undercut grooves, as shown and set
forth.
Fourth. The combination of the roll A, removable blades C, and hoops c, c, sub-
stantially as and for purposes stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Wyman Russell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December 1877.
GEORGE WYMAN RUSSELL. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wyman Russell, of Lawrence, in the County of
Essex, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CYLINDERS FOR PAPER PULP ENGINES."
A communication from Charles James Bradbury, residing at said Lawrence.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wyman Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1878.
GEORGE WYMAN RUSSELL, of Lawrence, in the County of Essex, and State of
Massachusetts, United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING CYLINDERS
FOR PAPER PULP ENGINES." A communication from Charles James Bradbury,
residing at said Lawrence.
The Drawings accompanying this Specification represent in Figure 1 a sectional
elevation, and in Figure 2 a transverse section of a portion of the roll or male
grinder of a pulp engine containing my Invention; Figure 3 is an exterior view of
the roll A with blades removed, while Figure 4 is a view of one of the grinding
blades, and Figure 5 a section of a portion of roll A with the blades removed.
In these Drawings A denotes a frusto-conical cylinder or shell of a form and size
adapted to the requirements of a paper pulp engine, this tapering shell or male
grinder being used in connection with and within a similarly formed cylinder,
whose inner periphery is armed with a series of longitudinal blades or knives, after
the manner of this class of pulp engines, as now extensively manufactured. The
outer periphery of the male grinder or shell A is armed with a series of longitudinal
blades C, C, &c., which entirely surround it, these blades operating with those of the
outer or female grinder to grind or reduce the stock to pulp. Heretofore these
blades C have been confined in place by being driven powerfully into longitudinal
grooves cut in the periphery of the shell.
When it becomes necessary to remove them, which usually occurs about twice in

page_text: the year in a mill in constant use, they must each be driven out; and as they are
originally driven into the grooves by great power, and become corroded after some
use, it becomes a matter of great difficulty and loss of time to remove them, and, in
fact, they are often broken off flush with the face of the roll or shell, and in such
cases are extracted with great labor.
In carrying out my Invention, I create in the periphery of the shell A a series of
longitudinal grooves a², &c, substantially as now practiced, except that these grooves
are of such width as to receive the grinding blades loosely in lieu of very tightly, as
heretofore, since in my case I only employ the walls of the grooves to obtain lateral
steadiness of the blades, and not to hold the latter down in place. I next create in
the periphery of the roll A a series of annular concentric channels a³ and under-
cut every other rib b' which intervenes between the channels, by which means I
form an overhanging horizontal shelf or lip c¹.
It will be seen that the grooves a² which receive the grinding blades are con-
tinued through every alternate annular rib d', while the intervening ribs b¹ and
their lips c intercept or obstruct the said grooves.
Upon one end of the male grinder or shell A, I shrink a wrought-iron band or
hoop c which is let into a rabbet d formed upon the shell, the diameter of this hoop c
being such that a shallow space or notch d³ exists between the inner wall of the
hoop and the bottom of each groove a.
Upon each end of each blade or knife C I create a spur or lip 6, one of which
enters and fills the notch d³, the blades by this means being in part confined securely
to the shell A.
Furthermore, upon the lower edge of each blade or knife C I create a series of
cross cuts or notches f, upon one side of each of which is formed a tooth or shelf g,
the notch serving to receive the spurs c¹, while the position of the teeth ŋ are
reversed end for end with respect to the spurs c¹, in order that the two series may
intercept each other and interlock, as shown in the Drawings.
The annular or peripheral channels a' constitute the means whereby the planer
tool which plows the grooves a² is allowed to enter and leave such grooves without
interfering with the ribs b¹.
To apply the blades, they are laid in the grooves a² and pushed endwise in the
proper direction until one end spur or lip e of each passes under the hoop c, and the
two series of teeth g and c¹ intercept and interlock each other, and the blades are
confined to the roll A. The opposite hoop c is now driven on to the rabbet in the
opposite end of the roll and over the opposite lip e of each blade. A bar of wood
is next driven between each bar, and the grinder is ready for use.
To remove the blades, the wooden fillings are first knocked off. It is then only
necessary to give each blade a slight blow endwise in a direction away from the
stationary hoop, as this is all that is requisite to unlock the series of teeth g
and c', and remove lip e of each blade from under the stationary hoop.
Heretofore the blades of these grinding rolls have been composed of iron and steel
welded, and are tapering in both directions transversely, and are produced at much
cost, as one portion of the operation of producing them is to plane them in a planer;
as they increase in thickness rapidly from the cutting edge, they soon cease to
grind effectively, and must often be removed and ground.
I produce my blades by punching them from thin steel of uniform thickness, and
they retain their cutting edges in the same condition without removing or grinding
until worn out, and I thus effect a great economy of time and material.
As my blades always present the same effective cutting or grinding edges, the
power required to drive the engine is always uniform, whereas in the tapering
welded blade or bar the grinding edge at once begins to increase in thickness and
to deteriorate, while, as a consequence, the power required to drive the engine must
be increased.
I do not confine myself to a frusto-conical form of cylinder, as a straight cylinder
or other form may be employed without departing from my Invention.

page_text: CLAIMS.
First. The blades C formed with the notches f and shelves g, substantially as and
for purposes stated.
Second. The roll A, formed with the longitudinal grooves a³, annular grooves a¹,
and lips c¹, substantially as and for purposes stated.
Third. The combination with the roll A, provided with longitudinal grooves,
as described, of the blades C, entering said longitudinal grooves, and provided
with shelfs or projections which engage in the undercut grooves, as shown and set
forth.
Fourth. The combination of the roll A, removable blades C, and hoops c, c, sub-
stantially as and for purposes stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Wyman Russell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December 1877.
GEORGE WYMAN RUSSELL (LS)