Improvements in Making Rivets and other Metal Articles with Hardened and Softened Parts.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 21st July, 1804
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Rivets and other Metal Articles with
Hardened and Softened Parts.
I, WILLIAM SANFIELD WILSON, residing in Brantford in the County of
Brant and Province of Ontario, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of machinery of all descriptions and more particularly in the
manufacture of bicycle chains and other bicycle parts, it is advisable and necessary
to harden that surface upon which there is abrasion and wear, and it frequently
happens that in addition to the hardening of the wearing surface of the part, it is
necessary to have the ends of the same parts soft for riveting and other purposes.
Hitherto it has never been possible to manufacture diminutive parts with hardened
bearing surfaces and softened ends, either in as convenient or as economical a
manner or at as reasonable a cost as would enable manufacturers to place these
parts upon the market at a moderate price. The object of this invention is to
devise a process by means of which the working surface of the rivet or other part
may be hardened to any required degree of hardness, and the ends or other portions
of the same rivet or other part may be permitted to remain soft, in order that they
can be riveted or otherwise operated on. The process consists of carbonizing or
charging soft steel or iron with carbon, then cutting the carbonized skin from that part
required to remain soft, then heating the entire part to the required temperature
and immediately afterwards cooling it by submerging it in cold water or other fluid
suitable for the purpose.
To more completely illustrate the invention I will
describe the process as applied to the manufacture of rivets and rollers for bicycle
chains.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a view of a rivet ready to be charged, or just after having been charged
with carbon.
Fig. 2 is a view of the same rivet ready to be hardened showing the carbonized
kin cut from each end to form the requisite shoulders, and leaving the necessary
amount of metal to form the rivet heads.
Fig. 3 is a view of the same device applied to a bicycle chain.
Like numerals of reference refer to like parts throughout the Specification and
drawings.
The process will herein be described as employed in connection with the
manufacture of rivets, although it may be employed in connection with the
manufacture of any other part of machinery. The metal for the rivet is
either cut into the required lengths as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings,
and these lengths are charged with the requisite amount of carbon, or the
metal for the rivets can be charged with carbon whilst in the bar and afterwards
cut into the required lengths. After the metal has been properly carbonized, the
carbonized skin is cut away for the required and predetermined distance from each
end 2, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, to form the shoulders 3, and also to
provide the requisite amount of soft metal at each end 2, to form what might be
termed the shank and the rivet head. The rivet is then heated to the required
temperature and is immediately submerged in water, or in other suitable hardening
fluid. It might here be stated that only that portion of the rivet charged with the
carbon would be hardened, whilst the remaining part of the rivet would remain soft
after having been heated and submerged in the hardening fluid. By this means a

page_text: piece of machinery may be provided with surfaces respectively of hard and soft
metal by a simple, economical and cheap method.
Dated this Eighth day of February 1894.
WILLIAM SANDFIELD WILSON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Making Rivets and other Metal Articles with
Hardened and Softened Parts.
I, WILLIAM SANFIELD WILSON, residing in Brantford in the County of Brant
and Province of Ontario, Mackinist, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the manufacture of machinery of all descriptions and more particularly in the
manufacture of bicycle chains and other bicycle parts, it is advisable and necessary
to harden that surface upon which there is abrasion and wear, and it frequently
happens that in addition to the hardening of the wearing surface of the part, it is
necessary to have the ends of the same parts soft for rivetting and other purposes.
Hitherto it has never been possible to manufacture diminutive parts with hardened
bearing surfaces and softened ends, either in as convenient or as economical a
manner or at as reasonable a cost as would enable manufacturers to place these
parts upon the market at a moderate price. The object of this invention is to
devise a process by means of which the working surface of the rivet or other part
may be hardened to any required degree of hardness, and the ends or other portions
of the same rivet or other part may be permitted to remain soft, in order that they
can be riveted or otherwise operated on. The process consists of carbonizing or
charging soft steel or iron with carbon, then cutting the carbonized skin from that
part required to remain soft, then heating the entire part to the required
temperature and immediately afterwards cooling it by submerging it in cold water or
other fluid suitable for the purpose. To more completely illustrate the invention
I will describe the process as applied to the manufacture of rivets and rollers for
bicycle chains.
In the drawings (left with the Provisional Specification):
Fig. 1 is a view of a rivet ready to be charged, or just after having been charged
with carbon.
Fig. 2 is a view of the same rivet ready to be hardened showing the carbonized
skin cut from each end to form the requisite shoulders, and leaving the necessary
amount of metal to form the rivet heads.
Fig. 3 is a view of the same device applied to a bicycle chain.
Like numerals of reference refer to like parts throughout the Specification and
drawings.
After
The process will herein be described as employed in connection with the
manufacture of rivets, although it may be employed in connect with the manufacture
of any other part of machinery. The metal for the rivet is either cut into the
required lengths as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and these lengths are charged
with the requisite amount of carbon, or the metal for the rivets can be charged
with carbon whilst in the bar and afterwards cut into the required lengths.
the metal has been properly carbonized, the carbonized skin is cut away for the
required and predetermined distance from each end 2, as shown in Fig. 2 of the
drawings, to form the shoulders 3, and also to provide the requisite amount of soft
metal at each end 2, to form what might be termed the shank and the rivet head.
The rivet is then heated to the required temperature and is immediately submerged
in water, or in other suitable hardening fluid. It might here be stated that only
that portion of the rivet charged with the carbon would be hardened, whilst the
remaining part of the rivet would remain soft after having been heated and

page_text: submerged in the hardening fluid. By this means a piece of machinery may be
provided with surfaces respectively of hard and soft metal by a simple, economical
and cheap method.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described process for providing metal with surfaces of hardened
and soit metal respectively which consists of charging the metal with a sufficient
quantity of carbon, then cutting the carbonized skin from that portion required to
be soft, then heating the metal to the required temperature, and then submerging
the metal in a hardening fluid, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The herein described process for providing solid chain rivets with hard centres
and soft ends, respectively, which consists of charging the metal to be used with a
sufficient quantity of carbon or any other compound, then cutting the carbonized or
charged skin from that portion of the rivet required to be soft, then heating the
rivets to the required temperature, and then submerging them in any hardening
fluid, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 14th April 1894.
GEO.
BARKER,
77, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agent.