Improvements in the Preparation of Warps and in Domestic Looms for Weaving Tapestry, Table Cloths, Hangings, and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1899
Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 12th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1899
Improvements in the Preparation of Warps and in Domestic Looms
for Weaving Tapestry, Table Cloths, Hangings, and the like.
I, MAURICE PEREIRE, of 53, Rue Pierre Charron, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to an improved weaving loom for domestic use enabling
tapestries, table cloths and hangings of all kinds to be readily and easily manu-
factured by ladies in the household. This loom is of small height and is
constructed in such a manner as to render it easy to mount and dismount,
thereby enabling it to be stored in a small space and rendering it readily trans-
portable; in addition to this, the warp threads which serve to form the fabric
may be readily stretched between the upper and the lower beams.
The ground of these threads is prepared in advance and form a kind of canvas
the transverse threads of which may be removed as the work advances.
A further anil important peculiarity of this prepared ground-work of threads
consists in the fact that these threads are divided into even and odd threads,
which are all provided with heddles formed of thread which are attached to bars
or blades actuated by means of pedals; certain pedals corresponding to the even
threads and others to the odd threads.
The construction of this improved loom and the method of utilising it with
the canvas having a ground of threads prepared and divided into odd and even
threads will be readily understood from the accompanying description.
The loom consists of two vertical uprights, connected at their lower ends by
means of a cross piece. These uprights of wood or suitable material are fitted
to two lower cross-pieces or feet, and the whole is made rigid by means of
stays.
The warp threads which form the ground-work of threads are stretched between
a lower roller and an upper roller.
The mounting of the upper roller upon its end bearings is effected in the
following manner: The wooden roller is provided at its extremity with a ferrule,
fixed by means of screws; the said ferrule and also the wooden roller are pierced
with holes for the reception of a pin by means of which the said roller may be
caused to rotate in one direction or the other in order to wind or unwind the
warp threads. The ferrule which extends beyond the extremity of the wooden
roller, is intended to bear upon a metal ferrule which is fixed by means of screws
upon a bearing or round portion of an adjustable part which embraces the upper
extremity of the upright. In this adjustable part is formed a vertical hole
through which passes freely the screw threaded extremity of the upright. The
aforesaid round portion is formed with a diametral aperture, and the ferrule
which is fixed upon this round part or portion is formed with holes opposite
to the said diametral hole and finally the ferrule on the wooden roller is formed
with several holes distributed upon its circumference and diametrically opposed
in pairs. These holes enable the passage of a pin which renders the bearing

page_text: or round part rigid with the ferrule on the aforesaid wooden roller, said ferrule,
as already explained, is fixed upon the upper roller or beam.
The lower roller is mounted in the same manner, with this difference that the
bearing or round part is rigid with the upright, being fixed firmly into the said
upright and secured by means of wooden or suitable pegs.
The vertical displacement of the upper roller, for the purpose of stretching
the warp threads to a greater or less extent, is effected by means of nuts which
are mounted upon the screwed ends of the-uprights beneath the supporting parts
of the round bearing of the said upper roller. These nuts, which are of wood,
are strengthened by means of a metal ferrule fixed by screws, this ferrule and
the wood of which the nut consists are pierced with holes which serve for the
insertion of a metal pin for the purpose of turning the nut and stretching the
warp threads to as great an extent as may be desired.
Each of these threads is passed through a heddle formed of thread; all the
even threads are taken by heddles which are upon the same level, the upper
heddles, for example, and the odd threads are taken by heddles which are some-
what below the first. The upper heddles, like the lower heddles; are passed
round bars or blades. It is not absolutely necessary to provide more than two
bars, one for the even threads and the other for the odd threads; but this-arrange-
ment would necessitate the displacement of the whole width of the even or the
odd threads at one time, which would be very fatiguing to the operator. It is
therefore preferable to divide the sheet or plane of warp threads into several
sections; in such a manner that there are, say for example, three heddle bars for
the even threads and three bars for the odd threads.
To each of the bars is attached a small cord. The six cords pass over six
pulleys (three small and three large), which are mounted loosely upon an iron
rod, the extremities of which are carried in supports. The six cords terminate
at six pedals which are capable of pivoting freely upon an iron rod between
the aforesaid cross pieces or feet. There are thus two pedals for each section
of the warp threads, the operator bearing upon the right or left hand pedal
according as it is desired to cause the even threads of the odd threads alternately
to occupy a position in the rear of the general plane of the warp thread for the
purpose of effecting the operation of weaving. The pedals are separated in pairs
by cross or distance pieces.
The fixing of the warp threads side by side in a suitable manner might present
some difficulty to an inexperienced operator, and therefore, in order to form
the sheet or plane of warp- threads, equally stretched and arranged at proper
intervals one from the other without its being possible for them to become
entangled, the following method is employed: A kind of canvas is formed
having warp threads which become the warp threads in the fabric woven upon
the loom, and weft threads having considerable intervals between them, their
purpose being merely to maintain the warp threads in a suitable condition of
parallelism. These weft threads are united at their extremities by means of
knots. Then heddles which serve for forming the fabric by opening the sheet for
the even and odd weft threads, are engaged with the warp threads of the canvas
fabric in the course of the manufacture of this latter; several horizontal lines of
heddles even may be provided in this manner, spacing them suitably for certain
special kinds of work.
As has already been explained, the weft threads of the canvas fabric are
temporary threads, by cutting the knots at their extremities, these weft threads
may be withdrawn successively as the work proceeds.
The extremities of the warp threads of the canvas fabric are fixed upon the
rollers in any suitable manner: one such means consists in holding them by
means of a strip of wood or metal round which the threads pass, and which is
inserted in a longitudinal groove of corresponding shape formed in the aforesaid
wooden rollers.
The operator is guided in passing the bobbins provided with coloured threads

page_text: between the warp threads which limit the length which each of the elementary
weft threads should have, in a suitable manner by hand, by means of a design or
pattern drawn upon a sheet of paper which is spread out behind the plane or
sheet of warp threads and fixed by means of pins or otherwise. The design may
also be formed upon the warp threads themselves if desired.
The arrangements which have been described present numerous advantages for
the efficient performance of the operation of weaving upon this loom.
The height of the loom, and consequently the space comprised between the two
rollers being but small, the ground-work of warp threads may be readily stretched
to a suitable extent which is one of the essential conditions for the efficient
execution of tapestry work.
The heddles which operate the even threads are maintained at a level different
from that occupied by the heddles of the odd threads, although the pulleys over
which pass the cords connected with the pedals are mounted upon the same axis,
this being possible owing to the difference of diameter of the pulleys according
as they are in connection with the heddles for the even or for the odd threads.
The canvas forming a ground of warp threads with its heddles of thread tied
at equal distances upon the bars or blades, ensures efficient execution of the work.
The shed may open widely for the passage of the spindle or bobbin carrying the
thread, thereby enabling the work to be rapidly effected.
A canvas with a ground of warp threads provided with three or four superposed
heddles for producing tapestry of special kinds with various arrangements of the
threads, may also be prepared in advance.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in the Preparation of Warps and in Domestic Looms
for Weaving Tapestry, Table Cloths, Hangings, and the like.
I, MAURICE PEREIRE, of 53, Rue Pierre Charron, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:--
This invention relates to an improved weaving loom for domestic use enabling
tapestries, table cloths and hangings of all kinds to be readily and easily manu-
factured by ladies in the household. This loom is of small height and is
constructed in such a manner as to render it easy to mount and dismount,
thereby enabling it to be stored in a small space and rendering it readily trans-
portable; in addition to this, the warp threads which serve to form the fabric
may be readily stretched between the upper and the lower beams.
The ground of these threads is prepared in advance and form a kind of canvas
the transverse threads of which may be removed as the work advances.
A further and important peculiarity of this prepared groundwork of threads
consists in the fact that these threads are divided into even and odd threads,
which are all provided with heddles formed of thread which are attached to bars
or blades actuated by means of pedals; certain pedals corresponding to the even
threads and others to the odd threads.
The construction of this improved loom and the method of utilising it with
the canvas having a ground of threads prepared and divided into odd and even

page_text: ing in which:
Figure 1. is a vertical cross-section through the loom.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of the loom on the side upon which the operator
works.
Figure 3 is a detail view upon a larger scale of the head of one of the uprights a
with the upper beam.
Figure 4 is a section on line A-1 of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a section on line CD of Figure 3.
Figures 6 and 7 represent in front elevation and side elevation respectively a
portion of the ground-work of threads forming the warp, with the heddles through
which the threads pass, one set even and the other odd.
Figure 8 is a portion of the canvas prepared with the temporary weft threads
intended to be removed as the work proceeds.
The loom consists of two vertical uprights a a, connected at their lower ends
by means of a cross piece b. These uprights of wood or suitable material are
fitted to two lower cross-pieces or feet ce, and the whole is made rigid by means
of stays d d.
The warp threads which form the ground-work of threads are stretched between
a lower roller e and an upper roller f. these threads are represented by the
letter in the various figures of the drawing.
The mounting of the upper roller upon its end bearings is effected in the
following manner; the wooden roller is provided at its extremity with a
ferrule h, fixed by means of screws (see Figure 5), the said ferrule h and also
the wooden roller f are pierced with holes (Figures 3 and 5) serving for the
reception of a pin by means of which the said roller f may be caused to rotate in
one direction on the other in order to wind or unwind the warp threads g. The
ferrule h, which extends beyond the extremity of the wooden roller f, is intended
to bear upon a metal ferrule k which is fixed by means of screws (Figures 3
and 4) upon a bearing or round portion o of an adjustable part which embraces
the upper extremity of the upright a. In this adjustable part is formed a
vertical hole through which passes freely the screw threaded extremity r of
the upright. The aforesaid round portion is formed with a diametral
aperture m, and the ferrule k, which is fixed upon this round part or portion o
is formed with holes opposite to the said diametral hole n, and finally the ferrule
on the wooden roller is formed with several holes (see Figure 4) distributed
upon its circumference and diametrically opposed in pairs. These holes enable
the passage of a pin n which renders the bearing or round part o rigid with the
ferrule on the aforesaid wooden roller, said ferrule as already explained, is fixed
upon the upper roller or beam f.
The lower roller e is mounted in the same manner, with this difference that
the bearing or round part o is rigid with the upright a, being fixed firmly into
the said upright and secured by means of wooden or suitable pegs.
The vertical displacement of the upper roller f, for the purpose of stretching
the warp threads to a greater or less extent, is effected by means of nuts s s
which are mounted-upon the screwed ends of the uprights beneath the support
parts of the round bearing of the said upper roller. These nuts s, which are
of wood, are strengthened by means of a metal ferrule t fixed by screws u;
this
ferrule and the wood of which the nut consists are pierced with holes which
serve for the insertion of a metal pin for the purpose of turning the nut and
stretching the warp threads g to as great an extent as may be desired.
Each of these threads g is passed through a heddle formed of thread y; all
the even threads are taken by heddles which are upon the same level, the upper
heddles, for example, and the old threads are taken by heddles which are some-
what below the first. The upper heddles, like the lower heddles, are passed
around bars or blades z. It is not absolutely necessary to provide more than
two bars, one for the even threads and the other for the odd threads; but this

page_text: arrangement would necessitate the displacement of the whole width of the even
or the odd threads at one time, which would be very fatiguing to the operator.
It is therefore preferable to divide the sheet or plane of warp threads into several
sections, in such a manner that there are say for example three heddle bars z
for the even threads and three bars 2 for the odd threads.
To each of the bars is attached a small cord, which is tied around the bar
at 2. The six cords pass over six pulleys 3, (three small and three large), which
are mounted loosely upon an iron rod 4, the extremities of which are carried in
supports 5, 5. The six cords 1 terminate at six pedals 6 which are capable of
pivoting freely upon an iron rod 7, between the aforesaid cross pieces or feet.
There are thus two pedals for each section of the warp threads , the operator
bearing upon the right or left hand pedal according as it is desired to cause the
even threads or the odd threads alternately to occupy a position in the rear of
the general plane of the warp thread for the purpose of effecting the operation
of weaving. The pedals 6 are separated in pairs by cross or distance pieces S.
The fixing of the warp threads y side by side in a suitable manner might present
some difficuity to an inexperienced operator, and therefore, in order to form the
sheet or
plane of warp threads, equally stretched and arranged at proper intervals
one from the other without its being possible for them to become entangled, the
following method is employed; A kind of canvas (Figure 8) is formed having
warp threads which become the warp threads in the fabric woven upon the
loom, and weit threads 9 having considerable intervals between them, their
purpose being merely to maintain the warp threads in a suitable condition of
parallelism. These weft threads 9 are united at their extremities by means of
knots 10. Then hedlles y, which serve for forming the fabric by opening the
shed for the even and odd weft threads, are engaged with the warp threads of
the canvas fabric in the course of the manufacture of this latter; several hori-
zonal lines of heddles even may be provided in this manner, spacing them suitable
for certain special kinds of work.
I
As already has been explained, the weft threads 9, 9, of the canvas fabric are
temporary threads, by cutting the knots 10, at their exremities, these weft threads
may be withdrawn successively as the work proceeds.
The extremities of the warp threads y of the canvas fabric are fixed upon the
rollers e and f in any suitable manner; one such means consists in holding them
by means of a strip of wood or metal 12 round which the threads pass, and which
is inserted in a longitudinal groove of corresponding shape formed in the afore-
said wooden rollers e and f.
The operator is guided in passing the bobbins provided with coloured threads
between the warp threads which limit the length which each of the elementary
weft threads should have, in a suitable manner by hand, by means of a design
or pattern drawn upon a sheet of paper 11 which is spread out behind the plane
or sheet of warp threads g and fixed by means of pins or otherwise. The design
may also be formed upon the warp threads themselves if desired.
The arrangements which have been described present numerous advantages
for the efficient performance of the operation of weaving upon this loom.
The height of the loom, and consequently the space comprised between the two
rollers and being but small, the ground-work of warp threads may be readily
stretched to a suitable extent which is one of the essential conditions for the
eflicient execution of tapestry work.
The heddles which operate the even threads are maintained at a level different
from that occupied by the heddles of the odd threads, although the pulleys over
which pass the cords connected with the pedals are mounted upon the same axis,
this being possible owing to the difference of diameter of the pulleys according
as they are in connection with the heddles for the even or for the odd threads.
The canvas forming a ground of warp threads with its heddles of thread tied
at equal distances upon the bars or blades, ensures efficient execution of the work.

page_text: The shed may open widely for the passage of the spindle or bobbin carrying the
thread, thereby enabling the work to be rapidly effected.
A canvas with a ground of warp threads provided with three or four super-
posed heddles for producing tapestry of special kinds with various arrangements
of the threads, may also be prepared in advance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The improved weaving loom for domestic use above described, comprising
two vertical uprights resting upon a stable base and between which are mounted,
in such a manner as to be capable of rotation, two rollers or beams upon which
are fixed the ground or warp threads, (even and odd), which on being separated
form an open shed in which is engaged the coloured thread of wool, silk or other
textile material upon a spindle or bobbin.
2. In the loom described in Claim 1, the mounting of the stretching rollers,
(upper and lower) for the warp threads upon circular bearings parts enabling the
introduction of retaining pins; the upper roller being adapted to be raised or
lowered by means of nuts screwed upon the screw threaded extremities of the
vertical uprights of the loom beneath these end bearings.
3. The passage of the whole of the warp threads in heddles of thread, one set
for the even warp threads and the other for the odd threads, these heddles being
arranged at different heights and passing around bars or blades each of which
is connected by means of a cord with an operating pedal, thereby enabling the
shed of the warp threads to be formed for the passage of the coloured threads
forming the weft which is effected by hand, the sheet or plane of the warp threads
being divided into sections (3) for example) which necessitates six heddles bars
each of which occupies one third of the width of the fabric, each bar terminating
at one of the six pedals.
4. For the purpose of producing fabrics for tapestry, table cloths, hangings and
the like upon this loom, the arrangement of warp threads forming the ground
in a canvas fabric having transverse weft threads separated one from the other
and serving solely to maintain the warp threads suitably parallel, these warp
threads becoming the threads of the ground forming the warp upon the loom
the weft threads of the said canvas being removed as the work of forming the
fabric progresses upon the loom.
5. The various constructional details of the improved weaving loom for domestic
use described in the above specification and represented in the accompanying
drawing, with the right to vary the forms, materials and dimensions of the various
parts as desired.
Thated t. 1971. 1
محض
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.