IMPROVE- MENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS AND TILES, AND IN UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT THEREFROM
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Ashwell, of Ingleton Road,
Ingleton, in the County of York, for the Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR DRYING AND BURNING BRICKS
AND TILES, AND IN UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT THEREFROM."
Sealed the 17th December 1872, and dated the 17th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Ashwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th October 1872.
I, WILLIAM HENRY ASHWELL, of Ingleton Road, Ingleton, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR DRYING AND BURNING
BRICKS AND TILES, AND IN UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT THEREFROM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns and apparatus
suitable for drying and burning bricks and tiles, and in utilizing the
waste heat therefrom. For this purpose I combine the kilns and drying
chambers or sheds in such manner that the heat and products of com-
bustion from the kilns are caused to pass through a series of flues which
form the floor of the drying chambers or sheds, and extend from end to
end thereof. The air with the products of combustion from these flues

page_text: is passed through an auxiliary fire, and then through a steam boiler
which drives the engine of the brick-moulding machinery, and so the
waste heat is utilized in raising steam.
The kilns are close topped, semicircular in section, and of a length
best adapted to the clay to be burnt, and are fired from the top and by
fire-holes in front. The kilns are arranged at the two ends of the drying
sheds, and the products of combustion are received by a cross culvert.
This culvert leads to the auxiliary fire-grate and steam boiler, or the air
and products of combustion from the flues may be allowed to pass direct
to the chimney. The auxiliary fire-grate is fired through holes in the
top, and made perfectly air-tight, so that no air is drawn in except the
heated air coming from the kilns and drying sheds. By this arrange-
ment it is sought to dry the bricks without any extra fuel at all, and to
heat the boiler for driving the engine to work the machinery without
any or very little extra fuel other than that which is required for burning
the bricks, tiles, or other such like articles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Henry Ashwell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY ASHWELL, of Ingleton Road, Ingleton, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Henry Ashwell, Her special
license that I, the said William Henry Ashwell, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Henry Ashwell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS AND APPARATUS SUITABLE POR DRYING AND BURNING

page_text: BRICKS AND TILES, AND IN UTILISIng the Waste Heat therefrom,” upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Henry Ashwell,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Ashwell, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kilns and apparatus
suitable for drying and burning bricks and tiles, and in utilizing the
waste heat therefrom. For this purpose I combine the kilns and drying
chambers or sheds in such manner that the heat and products of com-
bustion from the kilns are caused to pass through a series of flues which
form the floor of the drying chambers or sheds, and extend from end to
end thereof. The air with the products of combustion from these flues
is passed through an auxillary fire, and then through a steam boiler
which drives the engine of the brick moulding machinery, and so the
waste heat is utilized in raising steam.
The kilns are close topped, semicircular in section, and of a length
best adapted to the clay to be burned, and are fired from the top and by
fire-holes in front. The kilns are arranged at the two ends of the drying
sheds, and the products of combustion are received by a cross culvert.
This culvert leads to the auxillary fire-grate and steam boiler, or the air
and products of combustion from the flues may be allowed to pass direct
to the chimney. The auxillary fire-grate is fired through holes in the
top, and made perfectly air-tight, so that no air is drawn in except the
heated air coming from the kilns and drying sheds. By this arrange-
ment it is sought to dry the bricks without any extra fuel at all, and to
heat the boiler for driving the engine to work the machinery without
any or very little extra fuel other than that which is required for burning
the bricks, tiles, or other such like articles.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan shewing the general arrangement of the plant for
the manufacturo of bricks; Figure 2 is a section on the line A, B,
Figure 1; Figure 3 is a section on the line C, D, Figure 1; Figure 4 is
a section on the line E, F, Figure 1; Figure 5 is a section on the line
G, H, Figure 1; Figure 6 is a section on the line I, J, Figure 1;
Figure 7 is an elevation, partly in section, of the kilns; Figure 8 is a
plan of the kilns.
a, a, are the burning chambers of the kilns; a', a', are fire-holes at
the front and a³ are draw holes; a³ are holes at the top, by which
fuel is thrown down amongst the bricks; a' are the outlets from the
kiln. They are fitted with dampers to regulate the draught, and open
either into a cross culvert or directly into the arched flues which form
the floor of the drying sheds. The flues b at the other end of the drying
sheds open into a culvert c; or, if there be kilns at both ends of the
drying sheds, as is preferred, then the culvert is in the centre. On the
outside of the sheds the culvert is divided into two branches c¹ and c.
The branch c' leads direct to the chimney, and the branch c³ also leads
to the chimney, but through the interior of the boiler d. Dampers at c*
regulate the passage of the draught in these branches.
in which an auxillary fire may be employed if necessary; f is the
engine; and the brick-moulding machine.
e is a fire-box
What I claim is, the method of combining brick and tile kilns with
drying sheds, substantially as described.
I also claim the general arrangement of apparatus and plant for the
manufacture of bricks and tiles, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Ashwell, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
WILLIAM HENRY ASHWELL. (L.S.)