IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING AND MIXING GUTTA PERCHA WITH MINERAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF ALTERING ITS QUALITY IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO PRODUCE HARD. RESISTENT, UNALTERABLE, AND IMPUTRESCIBLE COMPOUNDS DIVERSELY COLOURED
Year: 1859

page_text: States of America, now residing at Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING AND MIXING GUTTA
PERCHA WITH MINERAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF ALTERING ITS
QUALITY IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO PRODUCE HARD. RESISTENT, UNALTERABLE,
AND IMPUTRESCIBLE COMPOUNDS DIVERSELY COLOURED."
Scaled the 22nd June 1860, and dated the 28th December 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Sylvester Rostaing
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th December 1859.
I, CHARLES SYLVESTER ROSTAING, Citizen of the United States of America,
now residing at Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING AND MIXING
GUTTA PERCHA WITH MINERAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF ALTERING
ITS QUALITY IN BUCH A MANNER AS TO PRODUCE HARD, RESISTENT. UNALTERABLE
AND IMPUTRESCIBLE COMPOUNDS DIVERSELY COLOURED," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a peculiar process of mixing gutta percha
with metallic oxides, such as oxide of zinc in a dense state, more or less pure,
or combined chemically with other oxides which act as coloring substances,
and also to the use of completely roasted blende or native sulphuret of zinc.
roasted calamine or carbonate of zinc, and zinc grey or the residuum of the
distillation of oxide of zinc in lieu of the pure oxide...

page_text: Secondly, to the use of a vegetable or artificial product known as tannin or
tannic acid. which produces when combined with gutta percha an imputrescible
compound, and also to the use of other vegetable extracts containing "tannin
as an active principle.
Thirdly, to the use of balsams, gum resins, and resins, Venetian turpentine,
and concentrated coal tar.
Fourthly, to the use of liquid products such as volatile oils (peppermint,
lavender, or other) and chloroform, benzoin, camphine, or sulphuret of carbon
as solvents and admixing agents. The preparation of the colors which
form the principal basis of my compounds may be the same as described in
the Specification of my Patent. No. 3060. (dated 26 December 1856) but to
avoid all difficulties and large expence will describe a very simple method
by which I propose obtaining the same colors: -Take any quantity of oxide
of zinc and mix it with water or a small per centage of a inineral acid, and then
(in muffles or crucibles) submit it for several hours to a white red heat, after
cooling reduce to an impalpable powder in a water mill and then dry and sift
it. This operation gives a white color, but by the same process of baking
and the previous addition of a salt or combination of an acid with one or more
of the following oxides any variety or shade of color may be obtained.
Amongst the salts I use are the sulphates, nitrates, or muriates of iron, copper,
chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and uranium, varying the shades by
the addition of the oxide of aluminium or alumina or lime, or the substances
known in mineralogy as kaolin or white porcelain clay. As the combination
of these colors with the gutta percha must necessarily vary according to the
purposes to which the product is to be applied (these being innumerable).
I can in describing the process cite only a few of my compounds, but these
will serve to demonstrate the nature of my improvements. In forming a
compound for corking and hermetically closing bottles containing efferverscent
or non-effervescent liquids and other purposes, the gutta percha is heated
until it gets soft and adhesive, it is then mixed with the oxide or oxides, pure
or colored, and tannin or one of the extracts is added, they are then malaxed
or kneaded together in a suitable machine and volatile salts or benzoin (in a
fine powder) mixed with chloroform is added and well incorporated. For
taking impressions for dentistical purposes, gutta percha is heated till soft and
adhesive, then mixed with white color, yellow color, or violet red colored
oxide and a solution of volatile oils or benzoin added, the whole being malaxed
until well incorporated. When the gutta percha has been heated and mixed
with the oxide or oxides, pure or colored, or with roasted blende, roasted
calamine, grey oxide of zinc, catechu being added and the whole thoroughly

page_text: mixed; more tenacity may be obtained by the additional admixture of cotton,
hemp, or flax, especially for corking and hermetically closing bottles containing
effervescent and other liquids; or, Burgundy pitch, shell-lac, asphalte, con-
centrated tar separately or combined may be admixed with the gutta percha
according to the uses for which the compound is destined.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Sylvester Rostaing in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th June 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
SYLVESTER ROSTAING, Citizen of the United States of America, now residing
at Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Sylvester Rostaing, Her special licence that I, the
said Charles Sylvester Rostaing, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Charles Sylvester Rostaing, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPOVEMENTS IN COMBINING AND MIXING GUTTA
PERCHA WITH MINERAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF ALTERING ITS
QUALITY IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO PRODUCE HARD, RESISTENT, UNALTERABLE, AND
IMPUTRESCIBLE COMPOUNDS DIVERSELY COLORED," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Sylvester Rostaing, my executors, or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Oflice within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Sylvester Rostaing, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheets of

page_text: Drawings illustrating my improved mixing machine, and to the letters of
reference placed on each of the Diagrams:-
.6
"
And previous to commencing the description of my various improvements in
the treatment of gutta percha I would refer to two clerical errors in my
Provisional Specification which reads (as recorded), "Fourthly, to the use of
liquid products, such as volatile oils (peppermint, lavender, or other) and
chloroform, benzoin, camphene, or sulphate of carbon, as solvents and
admixing agents." Instead of the word "benzoin" read truly benzin.
Again, I say "In forming a compound for corking and hermetically closing
"bottles containing effervescent and non-effervescent liquids, and other
purposes, the gutta percha is heated until it gets soft and adhesive; it is
then mixed with the oxyde or oxydes, pure or colored, and tannin, or one of
"the extracts is added; they are then malaxed or kneaded together in a
suitable machine, and volatile salts or benzoin in a fine powder mixed with
chloroform is added and well incorporated." Instead of the word "salts"
read truly oils, say volatile oils instead of "volatile salts."
"
14
"
In effecting my improvements in combining and mixing gutta percha with
mineral and vegetable substances, I use colors prepared on the principle laid
down in the Specification of my Patent No. 3060, A.D. 1856. But to avoid
all difficulties and large expense, I will describe a very simple method of
obtaining the same colors. I take any quantity of oxyde of zinc; I mix it
with water or a small per centage of a mineral acid, such as nitric, sulphuric,
or muriatic acid, and introduce it then into muffles or crucibles, which
expose for several hours to a white red heat. The baked oxide after cooling
is reduced to the state of an impalpable powder in a water mill, and then
dried and sieved. This operation gives a white color. By following exactly
the same process of baking the oxyde, and adding before a salt or combination
of an acid with one or several of the following oxydes, any variety or shade of
colour may be obtained. I first mention that I use all the same oxydes
employed in the preparation of mineral colors according to my Patent No. 3060,
aforesaid. I use the following salts, such as the sulphates, nitrates, or muriates
of iron, copper, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, uranium, or other, and
I vary the shades by the addition of the oxyde of aluminium or alumina, or
lime, or the substance known in mineralogy as kaolin, or white porcelain clay.
Iron combined with oxyde of zinc gives different red colors; iron and
chromium mixed together produce a violet red color; copper combined with
oxyde of zinc gives a grey color; cobalt produces pure greens of different
shades; nickel produces yellow and olive green, and manganese produces
all shades of yellow; chamois and brown uranium produces a greenish grey

page_text: color. The addition of alumina as sulphate of alumina varies the shades of
the greens obtained by cobalt and nickel. Kaolin mixed with oxyde of zinc
and a cobalt sali produces a blue green color. Lime makes the greens
produced with cobalt of a deeper shade. All these colors are prepared by the
same process as the white or basis color described above. I divide the
preparation of my various compositions into eight different operations.
Firstly, the preliminary preparation of the gutta percha, being the partial or
complete purification thereof. Partial purification consists in freeing the gutta
percha from earthy and other matters soluble in boiling water. To effect this
readily I boil the crute gutta percha in soft water (rain or river water), taking
care to constantly move and divide the matter, in order to facilitate the
separation of the impurities. When the gutta percha is very soft and warm
and is casily divided, portions of it are withdrawn from the boiler and flattened
into sheets of the thickness of ordinary paper. This operation may be effected
on the principal of the flatting engine or by a cylinder rolling over a wooden
table impregnated with oil. The object being to crush the impurities remain-
ing in the gutta percha which the boiling water was unable to remove, and to
press out the dirty water contained therein. The sheets obtained by this
flatting or lamination are washed in cold water and boiled anew in a decoction
of "radix saponaria alba" or soap wort, the soft matter being then formed
into thin sheets, which are again washed in cold water and dried for use. In
certain cases the boiling of the sheets of gutta percha in the decoction of
soapwort may be avoided, and they may simply be allowed to remain some
time in a cold decoction thereof, and be afterwards washed in cold water.
Secondly, the complete purification of the gutta percha. which consists in
freeing gutta percha already partially purified, as above described, from oily
and odorous parts soluble in alkalies. For this purpose I employ, in preference,
a lie of soda rendered caustic by lime, or a mixture of soda and caustic potash,
boiling the gutta percha therein for several hours according to the quantity
and quality of the substance to be purified, then flatting or laminating it to
press out as much of the lie as possible, and afterwards reboiling it in soft
water to remove the matters rendered soluble by the action of the alkali;
flatting again, washing the sheets in cold water, and finally drying and
preserving them for admixture withe the colors and the tannin and other
substances indicated in the following description. The wash or lic of soda
or potash which is spent, and which has served to purify the gutta percha,
may be used as a manure, or if treated as follows, may be again used. This
spent wash or lie must be evaporated until dry, and the residuum brought to
a red heat to burn all the organic parts, and the residuum dissolved in water,

page_text: and employed in lieu of the ordinary soda or potash rendered caustic by
lime.
-
(The next operations comprise the preparation of several colors and mineral
combinations employed either mixed with the colors, the preparation of which
I have above described, or separately to furnish several new compositions.)
Thirdly, a first mineral combination, which I call "artificial silicate of
zinc." prepare this chemical combination by mixing 73 parts of oxyde of
zinc with 28 parts of silica or quartz (reduced to impalpable powder), mixing
the two substances intimately, and sprinkling with chloride of zinc in a
sufficient quantity of water to produce a paste of the consistence of modelling
clay, and which is formed into bricks of about 1 to 2 inches thick, and then
well dried. These bricks should be baked at a white red heat for several
hours, and then reduced to a fine powder, to be water ground in a mill. To
render the grinding easier, these bricks should be withdrawn at a white heal,
and immediately thrown into cold water, which operation should be effected
beneath a brick arch to avoid the accidents which might result from the
explosions caused by the immersion and sudden cooling of the matter. This
combination may be diversely colored by the addition of one of the oxydes
above mentioned.
Fourthly, a second mineral combination composed of silicate-of alumina and
of zinc, prepared by mixing 100 parts of kaolin washed and reduced to
powder with 82 parts of oxyde of zinc. This mixture is first made dry, and
then with water until it forms a paste of the consistence of modelling carth,
the remainder of the process being the same as for the silicate of zinc. The
proportions of kaolin and oxide of zinc vary according to the degree of white-
ness and lightness which it is desired to give to the color. This combination
may be diversely colored by adding one of the oxydes herein-before mentioned.
Fifthly, a third mineral combination composed of a mineral known as tale
or steatite (silicate of magnesia), rose colored by oxyde of cobalt. The tale or
steatite is reduced to an impalpable powder, and intimately mixed with the
oxyde of cobalt, a small quantity of muriatic acid (chlorhydric acid) diluted
with water is added, and the humid mixture is piled in refractory pots or vases,
and submitted therein for several hours to a strong white heat, when cooled it
is reduced to a fine powder to be again ground with water. The color being
well ground is dried and mixed in variable proportions with either the
"artificial silicate of zinc," or with the combination of kaolin and zinc, and
afterwards mixed with the gutta percha and other matters.
Sixthly, a fourth mineral combination prepared with blende or native
sulphuret of zinc combined with kaolin or with felspar,-I mix 40 parts of

page_text: blende in a fine powder with 80 parts of felspar and 8 of soda, dissolved in a
very small quantity of water, and pile the mixture in refractory pots, wherein
it is submitted to a strong baking. (The felspar may be replaced by 80 parts
of kaolin in powder.) The baked matter is reduced to a fine powder and
washed with warm water, to dissolve the soluble parts, which have formed by
the combination, it is then dried and mixed with the gutta percha in variable
proportions.
(The next operations comprise. the preparation of certain vegetable com-
binations.)
Seventhly, a first vegetable combination composed of tannin, gutta percha,
chloroform, benzoin, balsam of tolu, or essential oil prepared by heating the
gutta percha until it becomes very soft, then adding a solution of gutta percha
in chloroform, and thereto the tannin, benzoin, balsam of tolu, or essential oil.
malaxing the whole until complete combination of all these bodies. This
combination reduced to thin sheets is mixed in varying proportions with the
compositions of gutta percha and color, rendering them incorruptible, and
communicating to them an agreeable odour.
Eightly, a second vegetable combination composed of gutta percha com-
bined with the vegetable extract known as catechu, prepared by heating the
gutta percha until it becomes very soft, then adding little by little pulverized
catechu, carefully malaxing the matter until the mixture be perfect, and then
laminating or flatting it into thin sheets. Camphene or benzin may be added
to facilitate the admixture, but these bodies communicate an odour. When
used. as much gutta percha is dissolved therein as these liquids can dissolve
cold: one part of gutta percha to six parts of solvent is sufficient. The
proportion of powdered catechu to gutta percha is variable, one part of the
first to four or eight of the second gives good results. The same manipulation
and the same proportions are adopted for the mixture of the other vegetable
extracts which may be substituted for tannin and catechu.
Having described the preparation of the combinations and products forming
the principal object of my Invention, I will proceed to explain the principle
upon which they are mixed and combined together. I take for instance 10 lbs.
of gutta percha in sheets, prepared as above described, which I place in a
suitable vase and heat to 110% or 120% "Reaumur," to properly soften
the substance, and I add the color and one of the preparations of tannin,
carefully malaxing the whole. This admixture of the substances may be
effected by hand, employing a cylinder by the aid of the principle of a flatting
machine, or by the use of the mixing machine shewn in the accompanying
Drawing. The mixture of ingredients varies with the quality of the gutta

page_text: percha and the proportions of the other ingredients also, according to the uses
to which it is destined. The gutta percha according to its quality is mixed
with two or three times its weight of color, having zinc for basis, whether
white or other colour to produce the mixtures by heat. I divide the pre-
paration of my plastic products into three principal classes.
The first class of products comprehends the combination of gutta percha
with mineral colors only, such as oxyde of zinc in a dense state. white or
diversely colored silicate of zinc, the combination of kaolin and oxyde of zinc,
coloured steatite, the fourth mineral combination composed of blend and
kaolin, and also calamine and the native sulphuret of zinc (blend) roasted.
To prepare these products I mix the gutta percha with 1, 2, 3, or 4, or more
or less times its weight of color. By the aid of heat I malax one or more of
these colors with the gutta percha, and when perfectly mixed flat or form
the mixture into sheets, when it may be used for moulding all sorts of objects.
When it is desirable to give an agreeable odour to these compositions a little
oil of peppermint, roses, or lavender, or even resin of benzoin or balsam of
tolu should be added.
The second class of products comprehends the combinations of gutta
percha with oxyde of zinc, dense, white, or colored, or with the first. second,
and third mineral combinations, as well as the preparation of tannin, forming
the first vegetable combination. These combinations are principally for the
use of dentists. The proportions of these different ingredients or component
matters are very variable, and are regulated by the quality and the hardness
of the gutta percha as well as the greater or lesser desity of the colors used
in the mixture. To ameliorate the quality of these products, and give them
an agreeable odour, add benzoin, balsam of tolu, or an essential oil mixed
with a solution. of gutta percha in chloroform. The following proportions
give a very good result:-Gutta percha, 100 lbs. color, from 125 lbs. to
177 lbs. tannin, 14 lbs. solution of gutta percha in chloroform, 8 ozs.; oil
of peppermint, 2 ozs. The proportion of color may be increased to two or
three times the weight of gutta percha. All these ingredients should be well
malaxed together after the same principle as the preparation of the other com-
binations already mentioned.
The third class of products comprehends the combination of gutta percha
with the fourth mineral combination composed of blende and kaolin as well
The compo-
as calamine or the native sulphuret of zinc (blende) roasted.
sition of these products may be varied by the addition of catechu to render
them more unalterable, specially when used for hermetically closing bottles, as
also for other purposes.

page_text: As all the other compounds are but variations of those above described, I
do not deem it necessary to mention them, but will now enumerate some of
the many purposes to which my improved combinations of gutta percha with
mineral or vegetable substances are applicable. To replace wood and other
substances in the manufacture of all kinds of skates. to cork and close her-
metically all sorts of bottles containing alcohols, syrups, liqueurs, effervescent
or other liquids, all sorts of wines, chimical products and perfumes; to
replace and imitate all sorts of objects made of pressed leather to serve as
splints or bandages used in fractures in surgery: for the manufacture of all
kinds of fancy boxes. decorative vases, and other fancy articles by pressing the
soft compounds in appropriate forms; to make state and other kinds of
seals, impressions of type and stereotypes, medals, and duplicates of engraved
plates, and to replace engravings on wood, metal, or plaster for printers'
purposes; for dentistical purposes, to make bases or holders for artificial
teeth, to take the form or impression of teeth, gums, and other parts of the
mouth, and to fill carious teeth; to take impressions of objects which are to
be reproduced by galvini plastic, and to make moulds (forms) in which to
run plaster; to make artistical objects. decorations of picture frames, and of
all kinds of furniture, rollers, and spindles for spinning machines, imitation of
all kinds of wood and leather, artificial coral picture frames, and photographic
and mirror plate frames; to replace wood, ivory, wax, cloth, and other sub-
stances used by photographers upon which to adopt photographs; to make all
kinds or varieties of tubes and straps for moving machinery; to make saddles
and straps for horses, soles for boots and shoes, funnels for filtering purposes,
decorations for carriages and railway cars, geometrical instruments and globes,
terrestial or celestial; to make parts of artificial limbs, chessmen, children's
toys, forms or moulds, imitations of marbles, all kinds of baskets, measures
for liquids, all kinds of handles or grasps, flower pots, speaking trumpets,
cylinders for printers and spinners, buckets for liquids, and screws to replace
wooden screws; to inlay or plate furniture; to imitate all kinds of leaves in
the fabrication of artificial flowers; to make doll's heads, buttons, and many
other purposes or objects for which metal, wood, bone, plaster, wax, and other
articles or compositions are now used.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1), represents a front view of my rotatory machine for
mixing processes; Figure 2 (Sheet 1), a transverse section; Figure 3
(Sheet 2); ground plan; and Figure 4 (Sheet 2), a longitudinal section. The
same parts of the machine in the four diagrams are indicated by the same

page_text: letters. The vessel in which the mixing process is carried on is made by pre-
ference of hard bronze, and is indicated in the Drawings by A. In order
that the operation may be continually carried on at a corresponding tempera-
ture this vessel is enclosed in a second vessel, which, like the former, is
circularly deepened; the joint by which they are united is steam-tight. The
steam intended for raising the temperature enters the vessel B at the muffles
a, and is carried off through muffles b in the form of condensed water. The
mixing process is performed by means of ellipsoidicals, rotatory bodies made
of hard bronze C, which during the operation perform a rotatory movement
around the tube D, which participates in the rotatory movement whilst it
forms the principle axle of the whole machine. This rotation is obtained by
means of a chain wheel R being immoveably fixed on this axle. A motive
power, steam or other, being imparted to this wheel by means of a properly
formed and adjusted chain it will have a rotatory motion, which will be shared
by the rollers C revolving around the axle D in such a manner that every
revolution of the wheel R will cause a complete revolution of these rollers
around the central axle. These rollers C are likewise heated by steam, the
current of which is pointed out by arrows. The parts of the machinery are so
contrived, as shewn by the Drawings, that any transmission of steam from
cither side of the rollers C is effectually prevented, whilst the steam passes
from the outside into the roller, and by means of a small condensing tube /
in each of the rollers, in a more or less condensed form, passes out through
the inner tap towards the axle D. from this into the tube E, E, and F, F. to
the hollow axle D, within which the discharge may be regulated by means
of a lap. and is finally let out below at G. In order to enable the mixing
rollers, C slightly to rise and to descend again according to the greater or
smaller quantity of matter accumulated in the vessel A, the whole revolving
apparatus is kept in its position by elastic layers. The tube D, the upper
extremity of which is contained in a stop box O is thus capable of a displace-
ment without any interference with the entering of the steam or the impene-
trability of the joints, whilst the mixing rollers, which are solidly connected
with the principal tube, may be raised and lowered without the breaking of
any part of the apparatus. At the lower extremity G of the tube D (Figure 2),
appears a hoop M firmly screwed upon it; this is acted upon by the india-
rubber buffers L, L, which tend to draw it, and through it the entire tube D
downwards for the connecting rods 1, 1, of the india-rubber buffers are fastened
with their upper windings between the flaps of the jacket, and thus, whilst
drawing this jacket downwards, force the whole revolving apparatus in the same
direction, and consequently also urge the mixing rollers towards their circular

page_text: orbit, and the substance contained in it. The jacket N is further preserved
in its central positions by means of four india-rubber buffers K, K, and their
connecting rods k, k, so however that a yielding motion is left. The upper
extremity of the principal axle D is prevented from any deviation from its
centrical or vertical position by means of the stop box O, which is likewise
adjusted by four feathering rods I, 1, (and by means of a hoop with flaps),
with this difference that these rods are not kept in tension by buffers of india-
rubber, but by means of four steel springs H, H, which are fastened below to
the cast-iron casings B. The manner in which the sides of the vessel A are
scraped by properly shaped knives, which constantly remove the compressed
and flattened substances back under the rollers is more distinctly shewn at
Figure 4 (Sheet 2), as well as the apparatus for scraping the rollers intended
to remove the matter adhering to the mixing rollers, the latter chiefly in
Figures 1, 3, and 4.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
improvements in combining and mixing gutta, percha with mineral and vege-
table substances, and the manner in which the same is or may be used ог
carried into effect. I would here observe in conclusion that I do not confine or
restrict myself to the precise details given in this my Specification, as variations
may be made therefrom without departing from the main characteristics of my
Invention, but what I believe to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
the Invention secured to me by the herein in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly, the exclusive use of the preliminary purification of gutta percha in
the mode or manner described as "firstly" in this my Specification.
Secondly, the complete purification of gutta percha in the mode or manner
described in the "secondly" of this my Specification, together with the mode
or manner of preparing or producing colors from oxydes of zinc (for mixing
with gutta percha) explained as differing in process from those given in the
Specification of my Patent of December 1856, No. 3060), which immediately
follows the reference to the Provisional Specification.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of preparing and combining mineral substances
as described, forming when so combined a substance which I call artificial
silicate of zinc.
Fourthly, I claim the mineral substance formed by the combination of
silica, alumina, and zinc, prepared, mixed, or heated in the manner herein-
before described.
Fifthly, I claim the production and use of the mineral combination described
in the "fifthly" of this my Specification.
Sixthly, I claim the manufacture and use of the mineral combination formed

page_text: herein-before described as the "sixthly" in my Specification; also the combina-
tions described in the "seventhly" and "eighthly" of this my Specification of
certain vegetable substances prepared or mixed in the manner herein described.
And, lastly, I claim the mixture of any or all results or products of the
herein detailed combinations either separately or in further combination with
gutta percha, for any of the uses herein mentioned, or for any use or purpose
to which such mixtures or combinations may be applicable.
In witness whereof. I, the said Charles Sylvester Rostaing. have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June. in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
CHARLES SYLVESTER ROSTAING. (L.S.)
Witness,
H. M. ROCH,
Dresden, Hauptstr, No. 21..