IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD FOR CATTLE, HORSES, AND OTHER ANIMALS."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fawcett, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Cattle Food Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PREPARATION OF FOOD FOR CATTLE, HORSES, AND OTHER ANIMALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fawcett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1863.
I, JOHN FAWCETT, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Cattle Food
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD FOR CATTLE, HORSES, AND OTHER
ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved method of preparing vegetable
materials for provender or food for horses, cattle, sheep, or pigs. This is
effected by treating or cooking the substances in a steam apparatus prepara-
tory to pressing them into loaves, blocks, or cakes, or for grinding, granulating,
or mixing. The cooking of the substances causes them to adhere together
in the form of a cake when compressed. Chopped hay, straw, or chaff may
be operated upon in this manner with or without the addition of vegetable
meals, seeds, grains, roots, or any parts thereof; or the blocks, loaves, or cakes
may be compounded of any vegetable material or corn mixture, including any
grain, meal, seeds, or roots without the admixture of chopped hay, straw, or
chaff. From the above it will be seen that one feature of the Invention

page_text: consists in steam cooking, compounding, and forming into cakes or blocks any
*vegetable material that can be used for feeding horses, cattle, or other animals,
and which may have added thereto during the process of manufacture any
condimental seasoning, aromatic or tonic. The ingredients may thus be
formed either in a dry or moistened state by pressure into cakes or blocks,
and being thus made may be dried by steam heat, or in kilns, ovens, or
stoves. The present mode of making feeding cakes is to place the material
in woollen bags between horse hairs, and each single bag placed in an iron box
or division for pressure.
In carrying out the second part of my Invention, I propose, after suitable
admixture and preparation of the vegetable compound with or without steam
to form the blocks or cakes on a table provided with rims or edges up to
which the material is filled in. A block of wood or metal made to fit the
upper part for pressure upwards or downwards by any mechanical method
desirable is then forced on to and made to compress the vegetable ingredients,
and any number of cakes or blocks may be made at once on one surface, or
may be made on sundry shelves placed within the press, or any number of
loose boxes containing provision for making one or two cakes in each may be
employed. These loose boxes should be lifted in and out of the press, and by
such arrangements 20 or 30 cakes may be made at once, and on each a trade
mark may be stamped or pressed during the operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Fawcett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FAWCETT, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Cattle Food Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Fawcett, Her special license that I, the said John Fawcett,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Fawcett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD FOR CATTLE, HORSES, AND OTHER ANIMALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Fawcett, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fawcett, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner, the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement (that is to say) :-.
My Invention of "Improvements in the Preparation of Food for Cattle,
Horses, and other Animals," relates to an improved method of preparing
vegetable: material for provender, or food for horses, cattle, sheep, or pigs by
cooking such substances in a steam apparatus, and preparing the same for
pressing into loaves, blocks, or cakes, or for grinding, mixing, and; for granu-
lating so as to be specially adapted for horse corn to be used instead of crushed
oats and beans.
One description of the food or provender is to be compounded of chopped
hay, straw, or chaff with or without the addition of vegetable meals, seeds,
grains, roots, or any parts thereof; these substances are to be steamed and
then formed into blocks by being compressed in moulds.. Blocks, loaves, or
cakes prepared in the manner just mentioned may, however, be compounded
of any vegetable material or corn mixture, including any grain, meal, seeds, or
roots without the admixture of chopped hay, straw, or chaff. The cakes or
blocks compounded of any vegetable material that can be used for feeding
horses, cattle, or other animals may have added thereto, during the process of
manufacture, any condimental seasonings, aromatic or tonic, such as has
hitherto been employed or may be employed for the purpose. The food may
be granulated or formed either in a dry or moistened state by pressure into
cakes or blocks, and being thus made, may be dried if necessary by steam
heat, or in kilns, ovens, or stoves.
The mechanical arrangements for forming the provender or food into cakes
or blocks will be understood by the following explanation :-The present mode
of making feeding cakes from seeds is to place the material in woollen. bags
between horse hairs, and each single bag is placed in an iron box or division
where it will be submitted to pressure.
Instead of this, after suitable admix-

page_text: ture and preparation of the vegetable compound with or without steam, I
propose to form the blocks or cakes on a table provided with rims or edges so
as to form a kind of mould. The material having been filled in to this mould,
a block of wood or metal is fixed in the press, and made to fit the upper parts
of the mould. Pressure either upwards or downwards is then given by means
of a screw or any convenient and suitable mechanical method. A large number
of cakes or blocks may in this manner be made at once on one surface, or may
be made in several layers,. placed within the press, or a number of loose boxes
containing the prepared vegetable substance for making one or two cakes in
each may be employed. These loose boxes may be lifted in and out of the
press, and by such arrangement twenty or thirty cakes may be made at once,
and on each cake or block a trade mark may be stamped or pressed during
the operation of forming the blocks in the press. :
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in the Preparation
of Food for Cattle, Horses, and other Animals," and having explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to
me by Letters Patent, as aforesaid, preparing vegetable substances as food for
animals as herein set forth, and forming the food into blocks or cakes, or
reducing it to a granular form, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fawcett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN FAWCETT. (L.S.)