IMPROVE- MENTS IN RESERVOIR WRITING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1884

page_text: I. GIBBARD RICHARD HUGHES, of No 2 Elm Row Hampstead in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RESERVOIR WRITING INSTRUMENTS to be as follows:-
In reservoir writing instruments as generally constructed, where the aperturo
for the ingress of air is covered or closed by the application of a covering or closing
part when the instrument is to be put out of use inconvenience frequently arises
from the contained air being compressed so as to force some of the contained
writing fluid out at the nib or other orifice to the inconvenience of the user and
often to the damage of other articles: and again when in use or otherwise this may
arise from expansion by heating of the contained fluid with like injurious results.
To obviate this I construct the interior of the holder portion of the instrument
with an elastic sac or bag having communication interiorally only with the
external air and exteriorally only with the interior of the holder chamber of the
instrument so that upon any undue pressure being exerted on the fluid or air and
writing fluid within the instrument by the closing of the air passage to the
reservoir thereof or otherwise such pressure instead of forcing out liquid from the
nib or other orifice may simply cause the flexible elastic sac or bag to collapse
forcing out the air it contained by the passage provided for the purpose, thus
compensation for the access of pressure within the reservoir is provided and
extrusion of ink prevented.
Various modes of applying the sac or bag or its equivalent flexible elastic part
may be employed dependent on the form or arrangement of parts of the instrument,
or other circumstances.
One convenient modification of this invention is especially adapted for
instruments provided with a centrically situated air tube through which air by an
aperture in the end of the instrument passes to the reservoir, or part communicating
with the reservoir of the writing fluid and in such case the sac or bag for
compensation of pressure, may surround the sides of the said air supply tube and
be sealed thereto or made air tight at one end whilst its other end or mouth may
be sealed off around a collar or other part of the end of the chamber which contains
it leaving an opening leading only to the outer atmosphere.

page_text: According to another modification this sac or air chamber for being collapsed as
before described to compensate for internal displacement of the fluids in the
reservoir may take the form of an elastic bag of India rubber or other suitable
material hermetically scaled off from access of air or liquid from the interior of tho
writing instrument and only be accessible interiorally itself by the passago, or it
might be passages, communicating with the exterior of the instrument.
The invention is also applicable to reservoir writing instruments not provided
with a cap or cover or other closing means, to the air passage to the reservoir of
writing fluid.

page_text: I GIBBARD RICHARD HUGHES of N° 2, Elm Row Hampstead in the County of
Middlesex Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RESERVOIR WRITING INSTRUMENTS and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
In reservoir writing instruments as generally constructed, where the aperture
for the ingress of air is covered or closed by the application of a covering or closing
part when the instrument is to be put out of use, inconvenience frequently arises
from the contained air being compressed so as to force some of the contained
writing fluid out at the nib or other orifice to the inconvenience of the user and
often to the damage of other articles; and again when in use, or, otherwise, this
may arise from expansion by heating of the contained fluid with liko injurious
results.
To obviate this inconvenience I construct the interior of the holder portion of the
instrument with an elastic sac or bag having communication interiorally only with
the external air and exteriorally only with the interior of the holder chamber of
the instrument so that upon any undue pressure being exerted on the fluid, or air,
and writing fluid, within the instrument by the closing of the air passage to the
reservoir thereof, or otherwise such pressure instead of forcing out liquid from the
nib, or other orifice, may simply cause the flexible clastic sac, or bag, to collapse
forcing out the air it contained by the passage provided for the purpose thus
compensation for the access of pressure within the reservoir is provided and
extrusion of ink is prevented.
Various modes of applying the sac or bag or its equivalent flexible elastic part
may be employed dependent on the form or arrangement of parts of the instrument
or other circuinstances.
One convenient modification of this invention is particularly adapted for
instruments provided with a centrically situated air tube through which air by an
aperture in the end of the instrument passes to the reservoir, or part communicating
with the reservoir, of the writing Huid and in such case the sac, or bag, for
compensation of pressure, may surround the sides of the said air supply tubo and be
sealed thereto, or made air tight, at one end whilst its other end, or mouth, may bo
sealed off around a collar, or other part of the end of the chamber which contains
it leaving an opening leading only to the outer atmosphere.
According to another modification this sac or air chamber for being collapsed, as
before described in respect of this part, to compensate for internal displacement of
the fluids in the reservoir may take the form of an elastic bag of India rubber or
other suitable material hermetically sealed off from access of air or liquid from the
interior of the writing instrument and only be accessible interiorally itself by tho
passage, or it might be passages, communicating with the exterior of the instrument.
If found desirable the passage may be dispensed with and an opening or puncture
for air passage may be formed into the tube d' at about the point (3) in lieu
thereof.
The invention is also applicable to reservoir writing instruments not provided
with a cap or cover or other closing means, to the air passage to the reservoir of
writing fluid.
But to illustrate my invention more in detail I will describe the same with the
aid of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Figure 1 shews a section of the writing instrument and Figure 2 an outside view
Figure 3 shows a section through the instrument at AA of Figure 1 and Figure 4
shews an end view.
In these views a indicates the barrel or outer tube of the reservoir holder into
which at one end is screwed the piece b for receiving the nib or writing point c and
into which outer tube at the other end is screwed the perforated plug & which plug
has a screwed perforated prolongation d' onto which is passed the screwed cap d
with capability for said cap to be more or less unscrewed from to open or screwed
up to, to close the opening to the passage d³ which gives access to air to the tube d
which tube is applied to that plug d and conveys air to the reservoir chamber a¹ to
replace-the-ink as it is withdrawn.
This screwed cap a when screwed down open-the-plug so as to close the
passage d³ does not close the passage d. is the elastic sac or bag or compressible
air chamber within the ink holder or reservoir for writing fluid a¹ and this bag or
chamber is secured around the tube d' at (1) and around the inner end of the
plug dat (2) so that there is no communication between this air vessel and the
chamber a or tube and the only channel of communication for ingress or egress
of air thereto is by the passage through the plug d.
The operation of the parts when the invention is arranged in connection with a
writing instrument having its-reservoir and other parts as shewn in the drawing, is
as follows
Should the contained air within the instrument, by the closing of the cap d² onto
the opening d³ and plug d, or by expansion, or other cause become subject to
express-tho-liquid.or ink therein such pressure will compress the air vessel e causing-
the air therein to pass out in part, through the passage-and-so-relieve the_ink or
liquid from pressure and provent its extrusion at the nib or other orifice in an
undesirable manner. The elastic expansion chamber e being: constructed of India
rubber or other suitable material will on the excess of pressure being removed by
the opening under the cap d' being again free and permitting air to escape or the
ink having been used, resume it distended form again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The employment of an elastic sac or bag e or its equivalent flexible elastic part,
in a reservoir writing instrument to compensate for variations of pressure on the
contained liquid as and for the purpose set forth.