IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE OPERATED BY ELECTRICITY FOR PRODUCING MECHANICAL EFFECTS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION;
JOHN JULIUS EBEL of Julia Cottage Charlton Lane New Charlton in the
County of Kent Electrician do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE OPERATED BY ELECTRICITY FOR
PRODUCING MECHANICAL EFFECTS" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the production of electricity of mechanical effects by
the employment of an electro magnet or coil or a series of them in combination
with an armature of novel construction which armature is maintained in an excited
state of magnetism and in a certain predetermined position by the influence exerted
by the poles of a permanent or constantly excited electro magnet.
In carrying my Invention into practice 1 preferably employ a double armature
consisting of two approximately semicircular pieces of iron or steel united by a non
magnetic material in such a manner that their exterior surface constitutes practically
a circle.
At the centro of the non magnetic support or in other words at the centre of the
circle corresponding with the exterior surface of the two parts of the armature
above referred to I provide an axle or pivot which is supported between the poles
of a permanent magnet or a constantly excited electro magnet in such a manner
that the said armature is free to oscillate or move freely between the said poles.
This axle or pivot is designed to produce the mechanical effect desired that is to
say as the said axle is turned in one direction or the other so will the part which it
is intended to operato be moved or turned in one direction or the other.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that the aforesaid armature
is maintained in an excited condition which excitation is produced by the permanent
or constantly excited electro magnetic poles and also that such armature may be
maintained in any predetermined position according to the direction in which the
magnetic axle or centre is arranged with reference thereto.
In addition to the aforesaid permanent magnet or constantly excited electro
magnet arranged in proximity to the double armature as above stated I employ an
electro magnet probably of horse-shoe form. This electro magnet is designed to be
rendered active or excited when a current is passed through it from any desired
source and is arranged in such a position relatively to the convex or approximately
semi-circular portions of the armature that one of the polar extremities of such
ונם....מ

page_text: electro magnet is in close proximity to the convex exterior of the one of the two
parts of the armature and the other polar extremity in close proximity to the other
part of the said armature. These polar extremities howover are at a suflicient
distance from the convex surfaces of the parts of the armature as to permit the
same to move freely.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that when the actuating
current is passed through the said electro magnet the poles thereof will become
magnetized and in consequence by magnetic influence the magnetic potential of the
double arinature will become disturbed or altered and the poles of the electro
magnet will cause according to their polarity the parts of such double armature to
move in one direction or the other and produce the desired mechanical effect.
Instead of employing a double armature consisting of two approximately semi-
circular pieces as above described I can without departing from the spirit of my
Invention employ an armature consisting of a single semi-circular or approximately
semi-circular piece arranged in proximity to the poles of a permanent or constantly
excited electro magnet. In this case however I use in combination with such
armature an electro magnet having only one coil or bobbin or in other words an
electro magnet having one pole ouly adjacent to the convex periphery of the said
armature.
It will be readily understood that my improved apparatus may be employed in
connection with electrical apparatus of various classes in which any mechanical
movement of a portion or portions thereof is desired. For instance it may be
employed in connection with or as signalling apparatus by simply securing upon
the axle or pivot of the armature a suitable index or pointer. It may also be
employed in connection with arc lamps for regulating the feed of the carbodor
carbons or in connection with electric generators, electric regulators, current meters,
recording instruments, or telegraphic apparatus or the like.

page_text: I JOHN JULIUS EBEL of Julia Cottage Charlton Lane New Charlton in the
County of Kent Electrician do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement reference being had to tho
accompanying Drawing:-
My Invention relates to the production by clectricity of mechanical effects by
the employment of an electro-magnet or coil or a series of them in combination
with an armature of novel construction which armature is maintained in an
excited state of magnetisin and in a certain predetermined position by the influenco
exerted by the poles of a permanent magnet or of a constantly excited electro-
magnet.
The said Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing in which
Figure 1 is a plan of my improved apparatus shewing the armature arranged
between the poles of a permanent magnet or of a constantly excited electro-magnet
and between two poles of an electro-magnet and
Figure 2 is a central vertical section of the said apparatus.
Figure 3 is a plan and
Figure 4 a side view of the said armature.
The remaining Figures are hereinafter described.
In carrying my Invention into practice as illustrated in the above named
Figures 1 to 4 of the Drawing I employ a double armature A consisting of two
approximately semicircular pieces a a³ of iron or steel united by a strip or piece b
of non-magnetic material in such manner that their exterior surface constitutes
practically a circle as shewn. At the centre of the piece b or in other words at the
centre of the circle formed by the exterior surface of the parts a, a' I provide an
axle or pivot c which is supported in suitable bearings between the poles N, S of
of a permanent magnet B or a constantly excited electro-magnet in such a manner
that the armature A is free to oscillate or move freely between the said poles. This
axle or pivot is designed to produce the mechanical effect desired that is to say as
the said axle turns in one direction or the other so will the part which it is intended
to operate be moved or turned in one direction or the other.
It will be understood from the foregoing description that the aforesaid armature
is maintained in an excited condition which excitation is produced by the poles of
the permanent magnet or of the constantly excited electro-magnet and also that the
said armature may be retained in any predetermined normal position according to
the direction in which tho magnetic axle or centre is arranged with reference
thereto.
In addition to the aforesaid permanent magnet B or constantly excited electro-
magnet arranged in proximity to the armature A as above stated I employ an
electro-magnet C preferably of horse-shoe form. This electro-magnet is designed
to be rendered active or be excited when a current is passed through it from any
desired source and the poles N¹, S' of the said electro-magnet are arranged in such
a position relatively to the convex or approximately semicircular portions a, a¹ of
the armature A that one pole is adjacent to the part and another adjacent to the
part al of the said armature as shewn in Figure 1. These polar extremities N¹, S'
are however at such a distance from the parts a, a¹ of the armature as to permit the
same to move freely.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that when the actuating
current is passed through the electro-magnet C the poles N', S¹ thereof will become

page_text: magnetized and in consequence by magnetic influence the magnetic potential of tho
armature A will become disturbed or altered and the poles N₁, S' will cause,
according to their polarity, the said armature to move in one direction or the
other and produce the desired mechanical effect just in proportion as the magnetism
exerted by the poles N¹, S¹ overcomes that exerted by the poles N, S of the
permanent magnet B.
In Figure 5 which is a plan I have shewn an apparatus wherein instead of
employing an arinature having two approximately semicircular parts a, a' as above
described I use an armature having a single semicircular or approximately seini-
circular piece a arranged in proximity to the poles N, S of a permanent magnet or
of a constantly excited electro-magnet. In this case however I use in combination
with such armature an electro magnet C having one coil or bobbin only or in
other words an electro-magnet having one pole S' only adjacent to the convex
periphery of the armature A. D, D represent plates between which a plug may
be placed to cut the coil of the electro-magnet out of the circuit by short circuiting
the current.
Figure is a similar view to Figure 5 shewing an armature similar to that
shewn in such Figure 5 arranged between the poles N, S of a constantly excited
electro-magnet which is illustrated as included in the same circuit as the electro-
magnet having the pole S¹.
Figure 7 is a plan of an apparatus wherein instead of using an electro-magnet
having poles as at N', S' in Figure 1 I employ two coils or solenoids. Such coils
or solenoids may be fixed and the parts a ' of the armature be arranged to slide
freely through their cores as shewn or the said coils or solenoids may be fixed
directly to the parts a, a¹ of the arinature A.
Or such
Figure 8 is a plan wherein 1 have shewn an armature consisting of one part a
only arranged to move through the core of a single coil or solenoid.
solenoid may be attached directly to the said part A.
Figure 9 is a plan shewing my improved apparatus combined with the arm
which serves as the contact maker and breaker of a telegraphic relay and
Figures 10, 11 and 12 represent details of various parts of the mechanism of the
same.
d represents the arm which serves as the contact maker and breaker and which
is attached to the axis or pivot c. e el represent contact points or screws which
provide for the arm d making or breaking the local circuit. To prevent any
vibrating or rebounding motion of the arm & which might be produced by the rapid
movement of the armature A in either direction I provide a flexible or yielding
connection between the said armature and the arm d so that the said armature can
move independently of the arm & so soon as such arm has come into contact with
either of the stops e or el. With this object in view I arrange the armature A
loose upon the pivot c and provide a frictional contact between the same by inter-
posing between an adjustable nut f on the said shaft and the surface of the piece b
of non-magnetic material connecting the two parts a, a¹ of the armature A a
spring which exerts sufficient friction on such piece b to cause the armature to
revolve with the pivot e to such an extent as to bring the arm into contact with
one or the other of the stops e, c². So soon however as such contact is made the
armature in its further movement if any will slip upon the pivot c and consequently
not affect the arm d. If desired the arm d may be provided with an ink-disc or
any other marking appliance.
It will be readily understood that my improved apparatus may be employed in
inechanical
connection with electrical apparatus of various classes in which any
movement of a portion or portions thereof is desired. For instance it may be
employed in connection with or as signalling apparatus by simply securing upon
the axle or pivote of the armature A a suitable index or pointer as ath for instance.
It may also be employed in conjunction with are lamps for regulating the feed of
the carbon or carbons or in connection with electrical generators or electrical
regulators, current meters, recording instruments or telegraphic instruments or the

page_text: like. For instance the arrangements shewn in Figures 5, 6 and 8 can be employed
with advantage for various classes of electrical apparatus such as current meters or
for regulating the feed of the carbons in an arc lamp. It will be understood by
reference to those Figures that any variation in the strength of the current
employed will cause a variation in the movement of the armaturo A and by
employing a pointer or index attached to the pivot c I can record on a dial or
scale the strength of the current passing. I can readily employ my apparatus as
a regulator for regulating the feed of the carbon or carbons in an arc lamp by
placing upon the pivot ca mechanical arrangement which may be combined with
clock work through an escapement or otherwise as desired.
Having thus fully described the nature of the said Invention and shewn how
the same may be conveniently and advantageously carried into practice I wish it
understood that I claim-
An apparatus to be operated by electricity for producing mechanical effects
consisting of the parts constructed arranged combined and adapted to operate
substantially in the manner herein set forth with reference to the accompanying
Drawing.