An Improved System of Control for Electric Motors.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1895
CODE 17ED DI MOLTIVATION
[Communicated from abroad by ELMER AMBROSE SPERRY, of Cleveland, County
of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio, United States of America, Electrical Engineer.]
An Improved System of Control for Electric Motors.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Hasoltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Sonthampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The present invention relates to controllors which are adapted to regulate the
energy supplied to motors when used for propelling a vehicle and for regulating
the energy supplied to electric brakes from the motors at the time they are
converted into generators.
In carrying out the present invention, one set of contacts or brushes are
preferably stationary and mounted in any suitable way in the controller, with
circuit wires leading therefrom to the various motors and brake magnets.
Mounted in such a manner as to. be movable with respect to the contact brushes is
a commutating switch for varying the circuit relations of the motors when used for
propelling the vehicle, and a second switch, preferably supported by the same
means as the first, is used for varying the circuit relations of the motors when they
are converted into generators and are supplying the brake circuit.
To reduce the amount of current in the brake side of the system, it has been
found necessary to have more resistance in this side of the system than in the
other. This has been accomplished by adding extra resistance and brushes which
are only in circuit on the brake side; but this has been found to be objectionable,
as it increases the number of contacts on the brake switch, and consequently its
length, nocessitates extra brushes, and also increases the cost of manufacture and
maintenance.
In the present invention a certain amount of resistance is placed on the vehicle
in the usual way, and included in circuit as desired; in addition to this, an
auxiliary resistance is mounted on the switch itself, and where, as in the present
invention, the two switches have common supports, and a common actuating device,
the resistance may be wound around the cylinder and insulated therefrom in any
desired manner. Connected to this resistance at any suitable number of points are
the contact plates of the switch, which engage with the stationary brushes. The
resistance may be made in short sections, and the ends connected to contact plates,
or it may be made larger and taps taken therefrom to any number of contacts on
the switch. I do not herein claim any specific way for mounting the resistance,
ns this is the subject of another application; but I claim broadly the use of a
resistance which is mounted on the actuating member of a controller.
In order to do away with the extra reversing switch, and consequently the extra
brushes and contacts used for reversing the field and armature at the time the
inotors are converted into generators, I utilize the main reversing switch in such
a manner that it performs a double function, namely that of establishing such
circuit relations of the motors that they will, when supplied with energy, propel
the car forward or back, and the reversing of the relation of field and armaturo
when the motors are used for braking purposes.
A handle is mounted on the outside of the controller in the usual manner, so
that, when thrown forward or back, it will, by means of the contacts, on the

page_text: reversing switch cylinder, establish the desired circuit relations. Mounted on this
cylinder are extra contacts which come into play when it is desired to reverse the
established relation of the circuits without moving the reversing switch bandle,
in order to use the motors as generators.to supply current to. the brakes. Inde
pendent means are employed for establishing this new relation of circuits, this
being preferably accomplished by the main actuating handle of the controller, at
a period when the main circuit is broken, so as to avoid arcing at the contacts.
This is accomplished by snitable meaus giving to the switch a reciprocating
motion, so that the rows of contacts, of which there are three, are moved to and
fro with respect to the single set of stationary brushes; the left hand and center
rows of contacts forming one set, and the right hand and center rows forming the
other set. If the circuits are so arranged that when the brushes engage with the
center row of contacts, the motors propel the vehicle in one direction, then when
the reversed or relatively reversed condition is desired for the purpose of converting
the motors into generators, the cylinder is rotated into a position where the
contacts on the cylinder forming the other member of the pair will engage with
the stationary brushes and reverse the relation of armature and field, as will be
more explicitly described hereinafter.
This invention also consists in providing means for weakening the field of one of
the motore, thereby permitting the other motor to preponderate, for the purpose
of bucking the motore. In the present application is shown mechanical means for
accomplishing this object, consisting of a pair of contacts normally open, and closed
by a device actuated by the main or commutating switch cylinder. On the power
side of the system, contacts would be used for weakening the fields of both
motors to increase their speed, but this would be arranged to affect both motors
equally.
The invention also consists in certain details of construction more fully described
and claimed hereinafter.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the controller with the cover removed; Fig. 2 is a side
elevation of the same, partly in section;
Fige. 3 and 4 are developments of the cylinders;
Fig. 5 is a detail of the reversing switch;
Fig. 6 is a modification of the invention;
Figs. 7 and 8 are details of the reversing.switch, and
Fig. 9 is a detail of the resistance which is carried by the cylinder.
Referring now to the Figures 1, 2, &c., on the first sheet of drawings, A indicates
the casing of the controller provided with a cover A', removable to give access to
the controller mechanism. A top plate A" is secured to the back in any desired
manner, and is provided with bearings B and B for the shafts C and C.
A glaud B with suitable packing is provided to keep water out of the controller
casing. The shaft C is adapted to rotate the cylinder D, the latter being provided
with suitable contact plates for varying the circuit relations of the motors. The
shaft C carries a star or friction wheel F, which regulates the step-by-step motion
of the controller cylinder. The pawl G controlled by the spring G¹ ensures the
cylinder D being stopped at the proper positions. On the upper surface of the
star wheel F and cast integral therewith, is a flange F provided with an
opening e to allow the pin or roller d on the end of the arm d" to pass from the
position shown to the one shown in dotted lines. This can only be done when the
cylinder D is in the off' position; the slot o will then be so located that the pin d
swinging in the arc of a circle with the shaft C' as a center, will pass through
from the inside to the outside of the flange F". In any other thau the off position
of the controller cylinder, the pin d would engage with either the inner or outer
periphery of the flauge I, thereby preventing the movement from one position to
another. With the cylinder D' in the off position the brushes i would be midway
between the rows of contacts and k, if the handle b' were set for a forward
movement of the car; aud between contacts and j if set for a backward
movement.

page_text: If now the controller oylinder be rotated to the off position and the arm-d
rotated about the shaft C as a center by the handle b until the pin d is located in
the slot a midway between the inner and outer ends, then the cylinder D is looked
against further movement in either direction and the handle can be removed
from the shaft C, for the lag 4 on the under side of the handle is opposite
the alot A' in lug 4" cast on top of the plate A". The controlling cylinder D is
also in the off position, and all circuits are interrupted.
The arm d, segmontal gear D' and shaft C, are preferably formed of one piece.
In the hub of the segmental gear D is provided a bearing for the shaft of the
reversing switch cylinder D', as shown in dotted lines. Mounted on the upper end
of the cylinder D is a circular rack D', with teeth corresponding to those of the
segmental gear D'. Working between the gears D' and the rack D' is a pinion D₁
which is sleeved so as to revolve on a projection of the arm E, and is held in
position by a scruw C". The arm E is sleeved on the shaft of the cylinder D',
and moves independently. Mounted in the end of the arm El is a spring-pressed
rod E provided with a fork at its outer euil, which engages with a pin F on the
under side of the star wheel F. As the star wheel is reciprocatel from the off
position, the pin will engage with the fork in the rod E" and move it together
with the arm E and pinion gear D" from the position shown to the dotted line
position, and vice versa. To give this a definite position forward or back, an arm G
is pivoted at the back of the controller and provided with two notches at the end,
one for the forward position, the other for the reverso. It is held in engagement
with the screw C by means of the spring G, which also serves to hold the
pawl G in engagement with the star wheel on the main eylinder D.
Mounted on the reversing switch cylinder D' aro three rows of contacts having
any desired arrangement of cross-connections; in the present instance the center
row is split up into a number of small contacts, the first and third contacts forming
one pair, the second and fourth a second pair, and so on. The brushes i are
arranged in a vertical lino and are adapted to engage with the center and right
hand rows of contacts in one position of the reversing switch, and with the center
and left baud rows in the other position. The action of the controller will now be
described. Assuming the armm d to be in the position shown, the motors will be
80 connected that they will propel the car backwand; the reversing switch
handle & being in the position shown in Fig. 7, thrown back toward the motorman,
indicates a backward movement of the car, while the forward. position, away from
the motorman, indicates a forward movement of the car. The handle 6', having
been rotated to the position shown, has established the relation between the
segmental gear D' and the rack D' shown in Fig. 5.
If the main controller cylinder D is rotated in either direction from the off
position, the pin F on the under side of the star wheel will move the arm E" from
the center into either of the positions shown in Fig. 1; the arm d" and gear D
remaining stationary, motion is imparted to reversing switch cylinder D' by means
of the pinion D". Assuming that the rod E" is moved froin a central position to
the one showu in full lines, this will cause the pinion gear D" to rotate in
the direction of the arrow, causing the cylinder D' to rotate to the position shown
in Fig. 5. If the rod El however were rotated from the center or off position, to
that indicated by dotted lines, the gear D' still remaining stationary, motion would
be transmitted to the cylinder D' by means of the pinion gear D" and the rack D'
as before, but the direction of revolution would be that shown by the dotted
arrow, which is opposite to the first oue. The brushes i are now in engagement
with the contacts in the vertical row j, and the relation between armature and
field has been changed.
If now the controller is brought to the off position and the reversing switch
baudle is moved to the forward position, the arm d" would occupy the position
shown in dotted lines in Fig. 7, and the cylinder D' would be shifted so that the
brushes i would be adapted to work on contacts or k, and half way between the
two would be the off position of the revorsing switch.

page_text: The rod E" being independent of any innvement of the arm d and segmental
gear, is free to move forward and back as before, the only difference being that
the relative reversed condition has been changed; that is to say, the contacts / and;
no longer form the reversing switch for the motors, as the cylinder D has been
ehifted to a position where either of the contacts and is engaged by the row rif
brushes i.
The reversing awitch handle & determines in all cases whether the brushes i
shall engage with contacts; and l'or and k in their two positions, and, the rod E",
being independent of the handle & and actuated by means of the main controller
cylinder, is free to shift the relation of armature and field relative to that
established by the main reversing switch handle.
This is a combination of two reversing switches; one switch'establishes circuit
relations which determine the direction in which the car shall travel, and the other
switch shifts the connections thus established to a condition so that the motors may
act as generators and supply energy to the brake magnets.
Each time the controller is brought to the off position the circuit is interrupted
at the controller in the usual way and also at each brush on the reversing awitch,
for every time the controller is brought to the off position, whether it has been
used to regulate the current supplied to the brake magnets or to regulate the
motors, the reversing switch cylinder is automatically thrown to a position which
opens the circuit through the brushes and leaves them idle between two sets of
contacts.
The contacts in Fige. 3 and 4 to the left of the central row of contacts are those
of the ordinary series-parallel combination for two motors, but the arrangement of
the contacts to the right in each of these figures is different, that in Fig. 3 being a
series, and that in Fig. 4a parallel arrangement of the motors with au additional
device indicated at H, for coupling in an equalizing wire g for the purpose of
equalizing the potential of the two motors when used as generators in parallel
circuit relation. This is effected by allowing the slide H' to press the contact I
up into connection with the contact H and allowing it to fall away when the
circuit connections are broken, which is the condition shown in the diagrams.
The circuit relations on the motor side being well known, no special reference
will be made to them herein, except relatively to the contacts on the generator side,
now to be described.
Assume the current to emanate at point 8, Fig. 3, flowing upward in the figure
through the field upon the first closure of the circuits on the generator side, it will
be seen that the currents flow in the direction of the arrow out by contact 10 to
plate 11, a portion of the field being shunted by wire 12, contact 13, and plate 14
connected to plate 11 by wire 16. This current flows down, through the
resistance 16 to plate 17, thence to contact 18, wire 19, as indicated by the arrow,
to commutator 20 of the second motor, wire 21, field 22 to the ground at G³, thence
through the ground or dotted wire 23, the brake magnet B", contact 24, plate 25,
plate 26, contact 27, the three sections of resistance to contact 28, commutator 29 of
the firet motor to the starting point. It will be seen that by moving the plates
toward the contacts or rice versa, the resistances between 27 and 28 will be successively
cut out, then the resistance 30 will be cut out, and lastly, by the co-operation of
plate 31 with contact 32, the resistance 16 will be finally removed and the
generators will then act on a closed short circuit. The resistances 30 and 16 are
mounted on the cylinder with the plates, while the other resistances connected to
the contact brushes are separately mounted so that the rheostat as a whole consists
of two divisions, one of which, together with its terminal plates, moves with
reference to the other division. The resistances 16 and 30 are suitably mounted
in the cylinder and insulated therefrom, connections being made to suitable
contact plates. By this construction I am enabled to do away with a number
of the contact plates and brushes, and by inserting this resistance where it is only
used for a short time, no trouble is caused by heating.
It will be seen that the trolley contact T is broken during the operation of the

page_text: brakes, and that the field of one motor is cut out or weakened at the beginning or
time of first closure of the circuit.
Referring now to the generator side of the diagram in Fig. 4, the circuit is as
follows: The current emanating at commutator brush 32, flows upward through
the field 33 to contact 34, plates 35 and 36, contact 37 to ground G. The current
in the other motor emanating at commutator brush 38, flows in the direction of the
arrow through field 35 direct to ground by wire 40. These currents unite at this
point and flow by wire 41, shown in dotted line, to brake maguet B, contact 42,
plates 43 and 44, contacts 45, through all the resistance to contact 46, where it
divides, part going to the commutator 47 and to the starting point of one motor;
the other passing through plates 48 and 49 to contact 50, to commutator and
commutator hrush 38, the point of starting of the second motor. By further
relative movement in the same direction of the contacts and plates, the resistance
is gradually cut out until the generators are coupled directly to the brako coil with
no intervening resistance. The equalizing wires g and g', it will be seen, couple
the two generators at similar points in each, namely, the commutator brush between
the commutator and field in each. From the length and position of the plate H¹
it will be seen that this coupling is automatically effected when the motors aro
operated as generators only, heing open circuited when used as motors. The
connection to the source of current supply T is open circuited upon the generator
side.
A desirable feature of the present invention consists in the means for introducing
automatically an extra amount of resistance at the time when such motors are being
utilized as generators, and again automatically dispensing with the use of the extra
resistance whenever the motors are again employed in their normal capacity; and
further this portion of the invention has special relation to the employment of a
plurality of motors, especially where such motors are employed in various
combinations in series or parallel to give various speeds or torques.
Figs. 1 and 2 show means for changing or reversing the circuit relations of the
elements of the motors whenever the circuit relation of the central row of contacts
is being shifted from one to the other of the sets of contact plates shown in Figs. 3
and 4 as lying to the left and right. To make this action clear, it may be assumed
that the car is running forward with the motors in parallel, which assumes that the
row of contacts stand in a position to the extreme left in either Figure 3 or 4.
The cylinder D, which will be assumed to carry both sets of contacts, will, when
rotated by handle b, connect the motors in series relatiou; then two stops of
resistance and are introduced, and upon further movement of the handle the
circuit is interrupted entirely, the handle standing now in its off position with
the contacts in the relations shown in Fige. 3 and 4. A further movement of
the handle in the same direction first reverses the position of the cylinder D' and
therefore the elements of the motors, thereby converting them into generators
rapable of producing current by their forward motion. In the case of Fig. 3,
however, one of these motors at the start is crippled by the co-operation of the
contacts 13 and 14, operating upon one of the fields as described, giving the other
moture preponderance of electro-motive force, for the purpose of bucking, the
motors; the current so generated being led through any translating device or
devices; such for instance as the brake magnet B"; and upon further movement
of the handle in the same direction various steps, five in number, of artificial
resistance are cut out, enabling the operator to control the operation of the brake
or currents generated at will. After the operation has been completed and the
contacts are in a position to the extreme right upon the contact plates in Figs. 3
and 4, a reverse movement of the bandle will first cut in the various steps of
resistance and then open circuit the generator side, and the contacts will be in the
relation shown in the figures; the reverse cylinder D' will be in the process of
turning from the generator relation to the motor relation which will be completed
if the notion of the handle be continued and the series-parallel relation of: the
motors and their connections with the source of. electrical supply, be .agaia

page_text: established, and the motors will run in a direction determined by the position of
the handle &, as fully set forth.
Fig. 6 shows a modification of the means for operating the roversing switch.
The operating handle & is mounted on the shaft C of the controlling cylinder D
which is adapted to vary the relation of the:motor cirenits as it is moved forward
and back. Mounted on the shaft C is a disc F provided with a tooth or
projection engaging with a slot in a casting carried by the reversing switch
cylinder D'; the latter boing mounted for movement on the shaft C!. As the
handle & is moved in either direation from its central position; motion is imparted
to the switch D' by means of the pin F. After it. has moved a certain distance
the pin F is released from the slot; and the curved surface e or el engages with tho
surface of the disc F', preventing further rotation, at the same time holding
the switch D¹ in readiness to move back to its former position by means of the
pin F.
Fig. 9 is a detail view of the resistance carried by the cylinder, in which D.is
the cylinder, provided with contacts 11 and 17, to which are secured the leads
from the resistance 16. The resistance is wound directly on the cylinder, suitably
insulated therefrom and from the contacts by insulation 60.
The resistance 30 is wound on the cylinder in the same manner and connectod to
similar contacts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:
1. In an electric enutroller, a moving element, a motor or motors connected
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
moving element organized to change the connections of the motor or motors from
one to another of the circuits, mechanism for operating the reversing awitch at the
time of making the change, in combination with means for changing the relatively
reversed condition of the motor or motors when connected to one or another of the
-circuits.
2. In an electric controller, a moving element, a motor or motors connected
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
moving elements organized to change the connections of the motor or motors from
one to another of the circuits, mechanism for operating the reversing switch at the
time of making the change, means for changing the relatively reversed condition
of the motor or motors when connected to one or another of the exterior circuits,
in combination wih a mechanical coupling between the means and the operating
.handle.
13. In an electric controller, a moving element, a motor or motors connected
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
moving element organized to change the connections of the motor or motors from
one to another of the circuits, mechanism for operating the raversing switch at tho
time of making the ohange, in combination with means for changing the relatively
reversed condition of the motor or motors when connected to one or another of the
-circuits, and a locking device for the said means.
4. In an electrio controller, a moving element, a motor or motors connected
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
moving element organized to change the connections of the motor or motora from
one to another of the circuite, mechanism for operating the reversing switch at the
time of making such change, in combination with means for changing the relatively
reversed condition.of the motor or motors when connected to one or another of the
circuits, and a locking device for the means, operative when the moving element of
the controller is in certain only of its positions.
5. In an electric controller, a moving element, a inotor or motors connected
thereto, a reveraing awitch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
moving element organized to change the connections of the motor or motora from

page_text: one to another of the circuits, mechanism for operating the reversing switch at the
time of making the change, in combination with means for changing the relatively
reversed condition of the motor or motors when connected to one or another of the
circuits, and a locking device for the means, operative when the main moving
element of the controller is so moved that one of the circuits is coupled with the
motor or motors.
6. In an electric controller, a main moving element, a motor or motors connected
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
main moving element organized to change the connections of the motor or motors
from one to another of the circuite, mechanism for operating the reversing switch
at the time of making the change, in combination with means for changing the
relatively reversed condition of the motor or motors when connected to one or
another of the circuits, and a locking device for the main moving element, of the
controller operated by the said menus.
7. In an electric controller, a moving element, a motor or motors connected
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
moving clement organized to change the connections of the motor or motors from.
one to another of the outside circuits, a removable operating handle for operating
the reversing switch at the time of making the change, means for changing the
relatively reversed condition of the motor or motors when connected to one or
another of the circuits, in combination with a device for retaining the handle of
the reversing switch when in certain of its positions.
8. In an electric controller, a moving element, a motor or motors connected'
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the notor or motors, the
moving element organized to change the connections of the motor or motors from:
one to another of the circuits, mechanism for operating the reversing switch at the
time of making the change, in combination with means for changing the relatively
reversed condition of the motor or motors when connected to one or another of the
circuits, and a retaining device for the said means.
9. In a controller for an electric machine or machines, power and brake circuits
adapted to be connected to the electric machine or machines, a sectional resistance
leading to the controller, in combination with means for rendering a portion of the
sections inoperative whenever the machine or machines are coupled to one of the.
circuits.
10. In an electric controller, a moving element, a motor or motors connected
thereto, a reversing switch, power and brake circuits for the motor or motors, the
moving element organized to change the connections of the motor or motors from
one to another of the circuits, mechanism for operating the reversing switch at the
time of making the change, in combination with means for changing the relative
reversed condition of the motor or motors when connected to one or another of the
circuits, and a retaining device for the said means, a sectional resistance, and
means for rendering all of the sections operative when coupled with one of the
circuits.
11. In a controller for an electrio machine or machines, three or more sets of
co-operating contacts mounted for relative movement and for successive engage-
ment, a sectional resistance leading to such contacts, in combination with means for
rendoring a portion of said sections inoperative whenever one of said sets is so
eugaged.
12. In a controller for an electric machine or machines, three or more sets of
co-operating contacts mounted for relative movement and for successive engage-
ment, a section resistance leading to such contacts, in combination with means for
rendering a portion of said sections inoperative whenever one of said sets is so
engaged, and cuts for rendering all of such sections operative when another of
Baid sets is engaged.
13. In a controller for an electric machine or machines, a moving element,
moving and stationary co-operating contacts, electrical resistance in sections
coupled to the stationary contacts, in combination with a separate resistance section

page_text: or sections mounted upon the said moving element of the controller and circuit
connections therefrom to the contacts.
14. In a controller for an electric machine or machines, exterior circuit con-
nections leading to said controller, a sectional resistance also leading to the
controller for connection with the said electric machine or machines, means
whereby said resistance is coupled to such machine or machines when certain
combinations of exterior circuits exist, in combination with a separate resistance
carried by the controller cylinder, and means whereby such separate resistance is
connected to such machine or machines when other combinations of exterior
circuits exist.
15. In an electric controller, a plurality of electric machines, power and brake
circuits adapted to be connected to the electric machines, a sectional resistance
leading to the controller, in combination with means for rendering a portion of the
sections inoperative whenever the machines are coupled to the power side of the
system.
16. In an electric controller, a plurality of electric machines, power and brake
circuits adapted to be connected with the electric machines, means connected with
the controller whereby each of the circuits is connected to one or more of the
electric machines in successive steps, a sectional resistance leading to the controller,
contacts within the controller for the resistance sections, in combination with a
dissimilar number of co-operating steps for the resistance contacts when coupled to
the power and brake circuits.
'
17. In an electric controller, a plurality of electric machines connected therewith,
power and brake circuits co-operating with separate sets of controller contacts, in
combination with a. series-parallel arrangement of the contacts or sets of contacts
engaging with one of the circuits.
18. In an electric controller, a plurality of electric machines connected therewith,
power and brake circuits co-operating with separate sets of controller contacts, in
combination with a series-parallel arrangement of the contacts or sets of contacts
of one of the circuits, and a continuous circuit relation of the contacts of the
other.
19. In an electric controller, a plurality of electric machines connected therewith,
power and brake circuits co-operating with separate sets of controller contacts, a
series-parallel arrangement of the contacts or sets of contacts of one of the circuits,
a sectional resistance leading to the controller, in combination with means for
rendering a portion of the sections inoperative whenever the series-parallel set of
contacts is coupled to the machines.
20. In an electric controller, two sets of contacts, a plurality of electric machines
connected therewith, an equalizing connection as 9 leading from the machines in
combination with means whereby the said equalizing circuit is normally opon
circuited, while one of the said sets of contacts is coupled with the machines.
21. In an electric controller, a plurality of sets of contacts; one of said sets
being in series-parallel arrangement, a plurality of electric machines connected
therewith, an equalizing connection as g leading from the machines, in combination
with means whereby the said equalizing circuit is normally open circuited, while
the said series parallel set of contacts is coupled with the machines.
22. In an electric controller, the combination of power and brake circuits
extending therefrom, resistance included in the circuits, and a second resistance
carried by the controller cylinder and inserted in the circuit at a predetermined
time.
23. In an electric controller, the combination of contacts and brushes for
establishing various circuit relations of a dynamo electric machine used for pro-
pelling and braking a vehicle, with a resistance carried by the actuating member of
the controller and iuserted in the brake side of the system.
24. In an electric controller, the combination of contacts and brushes for
establishing various circuit relations of a dyunino electric machine, resistance
carried by the cylinder of the controller, connections between the contact plates of

page_text: the cylinder and the resistance, and brushes for inserting the resistance in the brake
circuit when desired.
25. In a controller for regulating a dynamo electric machine, the combination of
contacts for regulating the supply of energy to the machines when propelling a
car, other contacts for regulating the supply of cuergy of the brake magnets, and
a resistance carried by the cylinder adapted to be included in one side of the
system only.
26. In a controller for regulating dynamo electric machines, the combination of
a row of brushes, contacts on either side thereof, one set for controlling the
machines when propelling a car, the second set for controlling the machines
when supplying energy to the electric brakes, a resistance carried by the actuating
member of the controller aud inserted in the brake circuit at predetermined
intervals.
27. In a coutroller, the combination of a main or commutating switch, &
reversing switch, handlos for operating the saine, and means for operating the
reversing switch independent of the reversing switch handle.
28. In a controller, the combination of main and reversing switch cylinders,
handles for operating them, and means actuated by a rotary movement of the main
cylinder for establishing a new circuit relation of the motors at the reversing
switch contacts.
29. In a controller, the combination of a main or commutating switch, a roversing
switch, handles for operating the same, and means actuated by the main cylinder
for operating the reversing switch independent of the operating handle of the said
switch.
30. In a controller, the combination of a main cylinder, a reversing switch
cylinder, handles for each of the oylinders, and means for rotating the reversing
switch cylinder independent of its switch handle at an interval when the main
circuit is broken.
31. In a controller for regulating dynamo electric machines, used for propelling
and braking a vehicle, the combination of a main cylinder, a reversing switch
cylinder operated by a suitable handle, means controlled by the main cylinder for
rotating the reversing switch cylinder independent of the switch handle, at the
interval between the braking of the power circuit aud the establishing of the brako
circuit.
32. In a reversing switch for a controller, the combination of a handle for
operating the same, the handle regulating the direction in which the car will travel,
and gearing for actuating the switch independent of the handle.
33. In a reversing switch for a controller, the combination of a handle for
operating the same, the handle regulating the direction which the car will travel,
gearing for operating the switch independent of the handle, and means controlled
by the main cylinder for operating the gearing.
34. In a reversing switch for a controller, the combination of a haudle and
segmental gear carried by the controller cover, a cylinder provided with a circular
rack, a bearing for the cylinder shaft made in the hub of the gear, and an actuating
member sleeved on the cylinder shaft and carrying a pinion gear to engage with.
the rack and segmental gear.
35. In an electric controller, the combination of main and reversing switch
cylinders, a handle for operating the reversing switch, a segmental gear and arm
operated by the handle, a rack mounted on the switch cylinder, and a pinion
gear engaging with the segmental gear and the rack for operating the
cylinder.
36. In a reversing switch for a controller, the combination of a segmental gear
and arin operated by n switch handle, a rack on the switch cylinder, a pinion gear
engaging with the segmental gear and rack, an arm pivoted on the shaft of the
cylinder for operating the pinion, and means for operating the arm carried by the
main cylinder.
37. In an electric controller, the combination of a main cylinder adapted to

page_text: reciprocate to and fro from the off position, a reversing switch, an operating handle
outside of the controllor case, and an operating device inside of the controller case
for a further actuation of the reversing switch.
38. In an electric controller, the combination of main and reversing switch
cylindera, a handle for the reversing switch for establishing connection which
regulate the direction in which the car will travel, and a lever operated by the
main cylinder for again reversing the relation of the field and armature of the
motor.
39. In an electric controller, the combination of main and reversing switch
cylinders, rows of contacts mounted on the reversing switch, a handle for adjusting
the reversing switch, and means controlled by the main cylinder for oscillating
two rows of contacts into and out of engagement with the stationary brushes.
40. In a controller, the combination of a main cylinder actuated by a handle, a
reversing switch cylinder controlled by a handle, a segmental gear having an
arm extending therefrom and formed integral with the main shaft of the switch,
and a device on the end of the arm for preventing the movement of the switch
except in a predetermined position of the main cylinder.
41. In an electrio controller, the combination of main and reversing switch
cylinders, a plurality of contacts on the reversing switch cylinder, brushes engaging
therewith, moans for determining with which contacts the brushes shall engage,
and means independent of the reversing switch handle for shifting the connection
of the brushes from one to another of the sets of contacts on the cylinder.
42. In an electric controller, the combination of main and reversing switch
cylinders, separate means for insuring a step-by-step movement of oach of the
cylinders, and a commou spring for the said moans.
43. In an electric controller, the combination of a plurality of switch cylinders,
a pawl for each cylinder to regulate its step-by-stop movement, and a common
spring for the pawls permitting their independent or simultaneous operation.
44. In an electric controller, the combination of contacts for regulating the
supply of energy to the motors, contacts for regulating the supply of energy to
the brake magnets, certain of the latter mentioned contacts weakening one of the
motora.
45. In an electric controllor, the combination of contacts for regulating the
supply of energy to the motors, contacts for regulating the supply of energy to
the brake magnets, certain of the contacts on the brake side affecting only one
motor, and contacts on the power side affecting both motors.
46. In an electric controller, the combination of contacts for regulating the
supply of energy to the motors and the brako magnets, contacts for weakening the
field of one of the motors when they are used for braking the car, and other contacts
for weakening the field of both motors when it is desirable to increase the speed of
the car.
D
ليعم
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for tho Applicaut.