provements in or connected with Fluid Pressure Heat Engines
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1895
Complete Specification Left 1st Feb 1896-Accepted, 25th Apr, 1896
PROVISIONAI SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or connected with Fluid Pressure Heat Engines
I, ADOLF KOI BF of 67 Zeil, Frankfort-on-the-Main in the Empire of Germany,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
-
The requirements ascertained (by the theoretic and experimental investigations
of Grashof A Witz, and others) to be necessary for the improvement of engines
driven by heat after the manner of gas or hot air engines, are high compression
and very rapid expansion For several reasons these requirements cannot be
fulfilled by means of the present method of conveying the operating power by
means of crank gearing This invention avoid the diawbacks of the older
arrangement by providing a kind of electrical transfer of power as a
conveying the energy of the reciprocating parts (piston, cylinder et, to the rotary
ones (driving, shafts)
means of
This consists essentially in connecting with the reciprocating parts an induction
device which also reciprocates, the current of which is conveyed to a rotating
electrical machine the parts of which (which are provided with a fly-mass exactly
like the fly-wheel in crank gearing) store up the energy from the expansion period
for the compression period (and in addition produce the necessuy uniformity of
rotation) Both electrical parts thus act alternately as current producer and
motor
The simplest form of a cylinder closed for instance at both ends with a piston,
the feed, regulating, igniting and like mechanisms being omitted, may be taken for
the purposes of explanation A reciprocating or o cillating induction device,
which consists for instance of an at mature and coil moving in a magnetic field is
connected with the piston The electric energy is conveyed by conductors to a
synchronous alternating current machine which in this case has four poles and a
hxed a mature, whilst the magnet thereof which is provided with a fly-mas
within the aimature
The mode of working is as follows
'
moves
If the piston moves from left to right, expansion takes place to the left and
compression to the right, then, like the oscillations of a pendulum, the potential
energy of the expanded gas to the left will diminish from the commencement of
the stroke and the kinetic energy will increase in order to again diminish towards
the end of the stroke and be converted into potential energy of the gas compressed
to the right the kinetic energy which was hitherto directly conveyed to the fly-
wheel by means of the crank gearing undergoes in this improved arrangement a
double change, exactly corresponding to the increase and decrease of the potential
energy of the expansion, and the production of current becomes stronger and
weaker, or vice ver su according as the electric machine or the reciprocating armature
supplies current As may be easily scen, for the inner work" (as the work of
compression and the corresponding work of expansion without the supply of heat
is designated in my other Patent Specifications), the middle of stroke must coincide
with change of poles and for the maximum of potential energy of the compressed
gas at the end of the stroke in the electric machine the poles must stand before
the armature coils The alternating current machine will further run synchronously
with the reciprocating induction device In the present case one rotation of the
electric machine takes place to four strokes of the piston the piston is here to

page_text: a certam extent compulsorily guided, as it is in the case of crank gearing only
this improved conveyance is more advantageous for certain fluid pressure heat
engines because greater piston speeds and unequal periods of stroke may be
obtained, the former of these diminishes the loss of heat, the latter allows the
valves time to move, further no deleterious action of the energy of movement of
oscillating masses is to be feared, as in the case of cank gearing
As regards the useful work, this may be delivered from the piston in the ordinary
manner by means of crank gearing or other like mechanisms but the electual
conveyance is however preferably employed for this "outer" work
The aange-
ment described may serve for this without further alteration, the driving shaft of
the alternating curient machine imparting the motion to the outside precisely lile
the shaft of a fly-wheel The transfer of the "inner work' may also be separated
from the "useful work' as will now be described Two separate induction devices
are connected with the piston, one oscillating in the field of two magnets, and the
other in the field of another magnet, one induction device is connected with the
amature coil (on the other corresponding (oils) and the other induction device
with another armature coil of two respective alternating current machine, the one
machine and its parts serve for the "inner work" and in this case centre of stroke
must coincide with change of pole the other machine and its parts serve to convey
the useful work and in this case change of stroke my coincide with change of
pole Both alternating current machines are preferably connected with one another,
for instance they may be mounted on a common shaft with suitable poles of
armature coils Instead of two machines, one may be employed alone, if
corresponding to the above explanation, another coil be arranged on the one
machine instead of the coil on the second machine, as the indu tion device always
then remains as current producer and the second machine always as motor and
finally the second machine may be replaced by a suitable asynchionic alternating
current machine which runs independently or is coupled with the first machine
As already mentioned this new transmission of energy in place of crank gearing
renders it possible to have various piston speeds during a single stroke, and also
during a period of several strokes, and also various sizes of stroke and various
deliveries of work to suit vous requiements
For instance the invention may
be applied to the so-called "four stroke cycle' of a single cylindered gas engine
As is well known the periods of work are in this case divided into,
1 Expansion stroke-maximum delivery of power,
2 Return, expulsion-reduced pushing action
3 Suction-pushing action,
4 Compression,-gieatest consumption of energy
The loading and effect of the electrical parts are correspondingly different ind
alternating
The alternating current machine makes for instance one evolution to four
strokes of the piston On the movement of the piston to the right for the
compression the production of current in the machine must increase until at the
end of the stroke the expansion of the mixture of gas and the attraction between
armature or induction device and its magnet counterpoise one another, and strongest
induction takes place in the machine, then follows explosion and expansion stroke,
and further 1otation of the machine until the end of the stroke without change of
pole, for this reason, one magnet pole of the machine is very broad, if then in
further succession one of the narrower poles comes in front of the armature coil of
the machine, the piston is pushed to the right by the action of the induction device
and its magnet, and the gases of combustion are expelled the piston is again
moved to the left by the other narrow pole of the machine and drawing in tahes
place, and so forth In the above movements change of pole takes place with
change of stroke in this case
In another arrangement of the induction device and its magnet the narrow poles
of the machine may coincide, and the same if the cylinder be aanged vertically,
when the power of gravitation comes into force, and thus for the discharge stroke

page_text: of the machine, no work is to be effected by the induction device and it magnet
For attaining a slow compressing stroke and a rapid expansion movement of the
piston the broad magnet pole may be formed unequally and consequently the form
of the current curve and the conveyance of energy is also unequal
are
For practical construction it is better to obtain the desired form of the current
wave by means of different thicknesses of coil position, distance between poles,
and so forth of the armature coils both of the reciprocating induction device as
well as the revolving electric machine, or by means of assistant magnets supplementary
coils magnetic and electric side circuits and other various means such as
employed in dynamo construction with the same object of producing a given course
of current I need only mention alteration in the excitement of the magnets of
the alternating current machine, and of the reciprocating in luctor disconnecting,
connecting and short circuiting of the armature or magnet coils in both electrical
paits an intercalated current ti insformer unequal field extent and field denseness
of tightness in all cases adjustable so-called "checl ing coils" act as dampet, on
the magnets or ai matures The unequal stroke of the piston may in a similar way
Le brought about in various ways I hus for instance by arranging the poles or
armature coils at different distances apart from one another, e unequal division,
it is evident that then if the speed of rotation of the alternating current machine
with fly mass remain constant, longer and shorter current waves, and larger and
smaller piston strokes result
It has been her embefore shown that for instance in the four stroke cycle, the
saine common electric rangement may be employed for the inner adjustment and
useful work If the devices be separatel as already mentioned those parts of the
reciprocating and revolving devices which deliver the useful work, may also effect
the adjustinent operations
As an example of this, take the case of a cylinder closed at one end and having
a piston and two reciprocating induction devices ore for the "inner work, and one
for the useful work and the adjustment, the first inductor being in circuit with a
synchronous alternating current machine and the other inductor with another
electric machine The first electric machine has broad armature coils and poles,
and the secoud machine has narrow coils and three narrow poles and one broader
pole (In order to express it birefly, for the sake of cleainess, the magnets are
assumed to be unipolar instead of correctly with at least two dissimilar poles, and
for the same reason only one armature coil is assumed for each)
Ihe mode of working is as follows
On the first stroke to the right, expansion takes place, greatest induction in the
first clectic machine, then when change of stroke has taken place, a change of
poles with change of stroke in the second machine during the expansion, the
maximum of induction for the second inductor and machine diminishing to the end
of the stroke, then again in the second machine change of poles on the change of
stroke, second stroke expul on takes place, no production of current in the first
machine but in the second machine third stroke drawing in as before takes place
fourth stroke
only with a changed duection of current in the second machine
compression takes place from the commencement of the stroke to the end at the
left increasing induction in the first inductor and its electric machine, w whilst
up to
the maximum the induction in the second inductor and its electric machine may be
dispensed with or suppressed by the omission of the thnd narrow or weak pole
This can only be done in this case with an alternating current machine if the
armature coils corresponding to the two machines are made unequal on a common
amature as regards length of wire and position as already hereinbefore stated or
when other also already mentioned means be employed
In the case of two cylinders closed at one end and open at the other towar Is the
sanic diection (two stroke cycle) the following mode of working may be developed
with only one common electric transmitting apparatus seiving for adjusting and
useful work, on the first stroke to the right expansion takes place in the first
evlindci, the mixture is drawn into the second cylinder and the action dimin shes

page_text: between the inductor and its electric machine, with change of stroke there is
change of poles, second stroke, the expulsion takes place in the first cylinder
compression in the second cylinder increasing induction in the reciprocating inductor
and with change of sticke the greatest action between the electric machine and the
inductor third and fourth stroke the same, only that the action of the two
cylinders is reversed It is self-evident that here also for the different operations,
separate transmitting devices with "shifted phases may be employed Similar
differing arrangements of the most varied form may be employed for the six-stroke
cycle and so forth, for other actions of work in the cylinders of fluid-pressure-heat
engines, for other numbers and positions of cylinders
If several fluid pressure heat engines be employed with separate rot mechanically
connected reciprocating current and power producers, such may then be allowed to
work on a common alternating curient machine even if the movements of the
pistons take place mutually against one another, but have otherwise equal periods
If for instance the pistons of the one machine are at the change of stroke, those
of the other in the centre of the stroke, the inductors deliver two-phase current,
which may then be conducted into one common alternating current machine
constructed for being operated by a two-phase current, both in the synchronic as
well as in the asynchronic machines The same thing applies for multi-cylinder
machines and multi-phase currents If the coils of a single inductor which coils
are adjusted to suit the phases or as herein before explained several opposed
inductors, or better still those of the rotating multi-phase current machine are
connected with a commutator in a suitable manner, the useful work may be delivered
as constant current as 18 otherwise easily understandable The use of the
alternating current direct as it comes from the reciprocating inductor is excluded
because piactically the number of strokes cannot be increased up to the lowest
limit of the number of periods of the alternating current suitable for lighting
purposes On the other hand the rotating alternating curient machines may very
well be so constructed that their magnetic fields produced for the transmission of
the inner work may be utilized in order to excite suitable currents in special
armature coils for illuminating purposes
Alternating current transformers, resistances, switch devices, and the like, may
of course also be inserted in the conductors between the reciprocating and rotating
dynamos
The alternating current (or the multi phase current) of the reciprocating curient
producer may be made constant at the right period by means of a commutator, and
conveyed to a constant current machine with a fly mass, and further instead of
storing up in the fly mass the energy as kinetic energy for the inner work, it may
be instead collected and stored in an attached accumulator battery, and ce versa
again conveyed to the reciprocating inductor as curient Such aangements are
of small value as against the simpler transmission by an alternating current
machine with fly mass, herein before described But if the new energy transmitting
device also deliver, as herein before described, constant current as useful work
an accumulator battery may preferably be employed
Reference may be here suitably made to other various forms of construction and
modifications
First some differences in the reciprocating induction device The magnet and
the aimature may be interchanged, the magnet may reciprocate whilst the
ai mature is fixed, or both may so move that a mutual adjustment takes place
between them The induced coil may also be placed on the poles of the magnet,
a. is already customary for so called unipolar machines
In case special induction devices exist for the "useful work' and the others
therefore act only as motors, as explained, the attraction of the magnet may be
utilized on an unwound armature oi inductor, the coil of the one alternator must
then be connected to the exciting coil of the inductor maguet, but as a matter of
fact without advantage, on account of the greater magnetizing action and hysteresis
The magnets may further be equally or only alternately excited under cuitain

page_text: '
The magnetic field
conditions even by means of alternating current Steel magnets may also be
cmployed The den ity of the field, and the extent of the field, may be constantly
great or alternately so, the pole surfaces may be continuou
or may be divided
into separate single poles and even of alternating polarity
my of cour e bc produced without any co-action of poles on yokes transmitting or
conducting lines of force, meicly by means of suitable wire coils, as was done
years ago in the arrangement of Vin Depoele and such as has been long known
in mil forms of construction for reciprocating current producers in combinatio i
with membranes and with pistons for telephones, and in apparatus for measuring
the speed of shots
the
Many forms of arrangement may also be employel for the amatures,
uduced coils with or without iron cores, may reciprocate in the magnetic fields,
the lines of force may run across the direction of reciprocation, or with the same
The aim iture coils may be divided into several coils which in any case may be
connected at uious times with the rotating machine by means of commutator
Buefly, all po sible unginable varied modifications and forms of const uction, such
as are known or may be employed in the cu tomary forms of construction of
revolving dynamo machines can also be utilized here In special cases the
reciprocating part of the heat diven engine itself, for instance the piston on the
cylinder may be employed, as armature, armature core, or magnet as has been
already hown in the airangement described in my previous Patent No 2221994
Similarly as for the various induction devices, and suited to the current waves of
the same, and as Lefore ment oned to the various modes of delivering work, the
revolving machines may also be constructel and connected in various ways, and
the remiks hereinbefore made as applied to the reciprocating current producers
may also apply in this case 'The mode of construction in general may be the same
is that employed for other curient producers and motors I he reciprocating mass,
which is neces any as the essential part of the new arrangement for replacing the
crank gening, may in the alternating current machine in question be arranged in
the rotating magnet, or in the armature or in a special flywheel connected with
the machine
The regulating and distributing devices will now be described
Simultaneously with the alterations of the load and the work in the actual
fluid-pressure heat engines, the proportions of current in the reciprocating and
revolving dynamos may be regulated from the outside either for instance by action
on the magnetic field by means of resistances, or by changing the proportions of
transmission or the degree of action between the two electric machines, by inserting
commutators, by cutting out armature coils and so forth Such regulating devices
may be operated by means of gas pressure measuring devices which communicate
with the cylinders, or by speed measuring devices, contrifugal regulators, or finally
by means of the distributing and regulating devices necessary for fluid pressure
heat engines
The electric currents of the transmitting dynamo may be simultaneously
employed for the ignition The same may also be employed vice versa in order to
operate electric distributing devices for the fluid pressure heat en ines
As a safety device against explosion of the heat engine and its destruction, the
insertion of current measuring devices or cut-outs in the wires between the rotating
and the reciprocating dynamos, or in the wires of the exciting parts may be
mentioned in conclu ion, which immediately suspend the ignition and the gis supply
in the case of improper action of the inductors, or of interruptions of the same
Finally as regards the actual kind of fluid pressure heat engine employed, this
may be operated either by gas, mineral oil, coal dust, heated compressed an, or
other suitable operating fluid, and in the case of there bein separite expansion
and compression cylinders, a suitable separation, mode of construction and
regulation of the electric transmitting appliances may be employed or one specially
suited to the peculiar or special mode of delivery of the work as appeus easily
self-evident from the explanations herein before given as examples of special cases

page_text: A considerable separation at a suitable distance between the rotating and the
reciprocating dynaino may take place, the conductors may then become "distance
conductors
Dated this 2nd day of May 1895
WM P THOMPSON & Co,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant
Improvements in or connected with Fluid Pressure Heat Engines
I, A DOI F KOLBг, of 67 Zul Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the mpne of
Geiminy, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this inventio and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be puticully descubed and a-certained
in and by the following statement
The requiements ascertained (by the theoretic and experimental investigations
of Grishof A Witz and others) to be necessary for the improvement of engines
driven by heat after the manner of gas or hot air engines, are high compression
and very rapid expansion For several reasons these requirements cannot be
fulfilled by means of the present method of conveying the operating power by
means of crank gearing This invention avoids the diawbacks of the oldei
airangement by pioviding kind of electrical transfer of power as a means of
conveying the energy of the reciprocating parts (pistons, cylinder, etc) to the
rotary ones (driving shafts)
This consists essentially in connecting with the reciprocating parts an induction
device which also reciprocates, the cuirent of which is conveyed to a rotating
electrical machine the parts of which (which are provided with a fly mass exactly
like the fly-wheel in crank gearing) store up the energy from the expansion
period for the compression period (ind in addition produce the necessary
uniformity of 10tation) Both electrical parts thus alternately act as current
producer and motor
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 shows the simplest form, in which is a cylinder clo.ed for instance at
both ends with a piston K, the feed, regulating, igniting and like mechanisms being
omitted A reciprocating or oscillating induction device which consi ts for instance
of an armatures and coil moving in the magnetic field of a magnet M is connected
with the piston
The electric energy is conveyed by conductors 9 and to a
synchronous alternating current machine W which in this case has four poles, and
a fixed armature A, whilst the magnet N S N S thereof, which is provided with
a fly-mass, moves within the ai mature
The mode of working is as follows
-
If the p ston K move from left to right that is from V¹ to V³, expansion takes
place to the left in V¹ and compression to the right in V2, then, like the oscillation
of a pendulum, the potential energy of the expanded gas in Vi will diminish from
the commencement of the stroke and the kinetic energy will increase in order to
again diminish towards the end of the stroke and be cous cited into potential energy
of the gas compressed in V2, the kinetic energy which was hitherto directly
conveyed to the fly-wheel by means of the crank gearing undergoes in this
improved arrangement a double change, exactly coire ponding to the increase and
decrease of the potential energy of the expansion, and the production of current
becomes strongei and weaker, or vice versa, according as the electric machine W 01
the reciprocating armatures supplies current As may be easily seen, for the
"Inne work' (as the work of compression and the corresponding work of expansion
without the supply of heat is designated in my other Patent Specifications), the
middle of stroke must coincide with change of poles and for the maximum of

page_text: potential energy of the compressed gas at the end of the stroke in the electio
machine W, the poles must stand before the armature coil The alternating
cui rent machine W will further run synchronously with the reciprocating induction
device M in the present case one rotation of the electric machine W takes place
to four trokes of the piston K the piston is here to a certain extent compulsorily
guided, as it is in the case of crank gearing, only this improved conveyance is
more advantageous for certain fluid pressure heat engines because greater piston
speeds and unequal periods of stroke may be obtained the former of these
diminishes the loss of heat, the latter allows the valves time to move, further,
no deleterious action of the energy of movement of oscillating masses is to be feared
as in the ca e of crank gearing
outer
2
As regards the useful work, this may be delivered from the pi ton in the or liny
manner by means of ciank gearing on other like mechanisms but the clectical
conveyance is however preferably employed for this
The range-
work
ment described and shown in Figure 1 may serve for this without further
alteration, the driving shaft of the alternating current machine W imparting the
motion to the outside precisely like the shaft of a fly-wheel The transfer of the
inner work' may also be separated from the useful work" as shown in Figure 2
Two separate induction devices are connected with the piston one oscillating
in the field of two magnets M¹ M² and the other in the field of another
magnet M³ the induction device s' is connected with the armature coil a¹ (or the
other corresponding coils) and the other induction device 2 with another armature
coil a² of two respective alternating current machines W1 W2, the one machine W₁
and its parts s' and a¹ serve for the "inner work' and in this case centre of stroke
must coincide with change of pole, the other machine W and its parts s² a² serve
to convey the useful work and in this case change of stroke may coincide with
change of pole Both alternating current machines are preferably connected with
one another, for instance they may be mounted on a common shaft with untable
poles or armature coils Instead of two machine, one may be employed alone, if
corresponding to the above explanation and as shown in Figure 2, another coil a
be arranged on the one machine W₁ instead of the coil a², the induction device s²
being always considered as current producer and the second machine W always is
motor and finally the second machine W' may be replaced by a suitable asy uchronic
alternating current machine which runs independently or is coupled with the fr.t
machine Wi
As already mentioned this new transmission of energy in place of crank gearing
renders it possible to have various piston speeds during a single stroke, and also
during period of several strokes and also various sizes of stroke and various
deliveries of work to suit various requirements
Figure 3 shows for instance the invention applied to the so called four stroke
cycle of a single-cylindered gas engine As is well known the periods of work
are in this case divided into,
1 Expansion stroke-maximum delivery of power
2 Return, expulsion,-reduced pushing action,
3 Suction, pushing action,
4 Compression,-greatest consumption of energy
The loading and effect of the electrical parts are correspondingly different and
alternating
The alternating current machine makes for instance one revolution to four
strokes of the piston On the movement of the piston to the night for the
compression, the production of current in the machine W must increase until at
the end of the stroke the expansion of the mixture of gas and the attraction
between the armature s or induction device and its magnet M counterpoise one
then follows
another, and stronge t induction takes place in the machine W
explosion and expansion stroke, and further rotation of the machine W until the
end of the stroke without change of pole for this reason, one magnet pole P of
the machine is very broad if then in further succes ion one of the narrower

page_text: poles p comes in front of the armature coil a of the machine W the pi ton is
pushed to the right by the action of the induction devices and its magret M, and
the gases of combu tion are expelled, the piston is again moved to the left
by the other narrow pole p³ of the machine and drawing in takes place and so
forth In the above movements change of pole takes place with change of stroke
in this case
In another arrangement of the induction devices and its magnet M, the natiow
poles pl p² of the machine may coincide, and the same if the cylinder be arranged
vertically when the power of gravitation comes into force, and thus for the
discharge stroke of the machine W nook is to be effected by the induction
devices and its nagnet M A means for attaining a slow compressing stroke and
i rapid expansion movement of the pi ton is shown in Figure 3 in which the bioid
magnet pole P may be formed unequally and consequently the form of the current
curve and the conveyance of energy is also unequal
,
For practical construction it is better to obtain the desired form of the current
wave by means of different thicknesses of coil, position distance between pole
and so forth of the armature coils, both of the reciprocating induction device as
well as the revolving electric machine, or by means of assistant magnet,
supplementary coils, magnetic and electric side circuits and other vious means
such as are employed in dynamo corstiuction with the same object of producing
a given course of current I need only mention alteration in the excitement of
the magnets of the alternating current machine, and of the reciprocating inductor,
disconnecting, connecting and short cncunting of the armature or magnet coils in
both electrical parts, an intercalated culent transformer unequal held, extent
and field denseness mall cases adjustable so-called "chcel ing-coils act 15
dampers on the magnets o armatures The unequal stroke of the piston may in
a similar way he brought about in various ways
Thus for instance by unanging
the poles or armature coils at different di tances apart from one another, that is
by unequal division it is evident that then if the speed of rotation of the
alternating current machine with fly-mass remain constant, longer and shorter
current waves, and larger and smaller piston strokes result
It has been herein before shown that for instance in the four stroke cycle, the
same common electric airangement may be employed for the inner adjustment and
useful work If the devices be separated as already mentioned those parts of the
reciprocating and revolving devices wh ch deliver the useful work, may also effect
the adjustment operations
"
Figure 4 shows an example of this, Z is a cylinder closed at one end and
having a piston K and two reciprocating induction devices, one s for the
inner work,' and the other s² for the useful work and the adjustment, the first
inductor s being in circuit with a synchronous alternating emirent machine W1
and the other inductor with another electric machine W The first clectue
machine W has, as may be seen in the di wing, broad mature coils and poles,
and the second machine W2 has now coils and thee narrow poles and one
broader pole (In order to express it briefly and for the sake of clearness, in the
drawing the magnets are only sho vu as unipolar instead of more correctly with
at least two dissimilar poles, and for the same reason only one armature coil is
shown for each)
The mode of working is as follows.―
On the first stroke to the right, expansion takes place, greatest induction in
the first electric machine W₁, then when change of stroke has taken place, a change
of poles with change of stroke in the second machine W2 during the expansion,
the maximum of induction for the second inductor s² and machine W' diminishing
to the end of the stroke, then again in the second machine W' change of poles on
the change of stroke, second stroke expulsion takes place, no production of current
in the first machine W₁, but in the second machine W, third stroke, drawing in
as before takes place only with a changed duection of current in the second
machine W, fourth stroke, compression takes place from the commencement of

page_text: the stroke to the end at the left increasing induction in the first inductor and
its electric machine W₁, whilst up to the maximum the induction in the second
inductor s² and its electric machine Ws may be dispensed with or suppressed by
the omission of the third narrow or weak pole This can only be done in this
case with an alternating current machine if the armature coils corresponding to the
two machines W¹ & W² are made unequal on a common armature as regards length
of wire and position as already herein before stated or when other also already
mentioned means be employed
In the case of two cylinders closed at one end and open at the other towards
the same duection (two stroke cycle) is shown in Figure 5, the following mode of
working may be developed with only one common electric transmitting apparatus
serving for adjusting and useful work, on the first stroke to the right expansion
takes place in the first cylinder Z1, the mixture is drawn into the second cylinder Z³,
and the action diminishes between the inductor s and its electric machine W
with change of stroke there is chauge of poles, second stroke, the expulsion takes
place in the first cylinder Z', compression in the second cylinder Z³, increasing
induction in the 1cciprocating inductors and with change of stroke the greatest
action between the electric machine W and the inductors, third and fourth
strokes the same, only that the action of the two cylinders is reversed
It is self evident that here also for the different operations, as shown in Figure 4,
separate transmitting devices with "shifted phases 'may be employed Similar
differing airangements of the most varied form may be employed for the six-stroke
cycle and so forth, for other actions of work in the cylinders of fluid pressure heat
engines, for other numbers and positions of cylinders
If several fluid pressure heat engines be emploved with separate not mechanically
connected reciprocating current and power producers, such my then be allowed to
work on a common alternating current machine even if the movements of the
pistons take place mutually against one another, but have otherwise equal periods
If for instance the pistons of the one machine are at the change of stroke, and
those of the other in the centre of the stroke, the inductors deliver two phase
current, which may then be conducted into one common alternating cuirent
machine constructed for being operated by a two-phase current, both in the
synchronic as well as in the asynchronic machines The same thing applies for
multi-cylinder machines and multi-phase currents If the coils of a single
inductor, which coils are adjusted to suit the phases, or as hereinbefore expluned
several opposed inductors, or better still those of the rotating multi-phase current
machine, are connected with a commutator in a suitable manner, the useful work
may be delivered as constant current as is otherwise easily understandable
use of the alternating current direct as it comes from the reciprocating inductor is
excluded because piictically the number of strokes cannot be increased up to the
lowest limit of the number of periods of the alternating current suitable for
lighting purposes On the other and the rotating alternating current machines
may very well be so constructed that their magnetic fields produced for the trans-
mission of the inner work may be utilised in order to excite suitable curients in
special ai mature coils for illuminating purposes
The
Alternating current transformers, resistances, switch devices, and the like may
of course also be inserted in the conductors between the reciprocating and rotating
dynamos
The alternating current (or the multi-phase current) of the reciprocating current
produce s, may, as shown in Figure 6, be made constant at the right period by
means of a commutator C, and conveyed to a constant current machine with a
fly mass, and further instead of storing up in the fly mass the energy as kinetic
energy for the inner work, it may instead be collected and stored as chemical
energy in an attached accumulator battery B, and vice versa again conveyed to the
reciprocating inductors as current Such arrangements are of small value as
against the simpler transmission by an alternating current machine with fly mass,
B

page_text: '
herein before described
But if the new energy transmitting device also deliver, as
herembefore described, constant current as "useful work an accumulator battery
may preferably be employed
Reference may be here suitably made to other various forms of construction and
modifications
First some differences in the reciprocating induction device The magnet and
the armature may be interchanged, the magnet M may reciprocate whilst the
armature s is fixed, or both may so move that a mutual adjustment takes place
between them The induced coil may also be placed on the poles of the magnet,
as is already customary for so called unipolar machines
C
In case special induction devices exist for the useful work" and the others
therefore act only as motors, as explained for Figure 2, the attraction of the
magnet M may be utilised on an unwound armature or inductor s the coil a
(Figure 2) of the one alternator must then be connected to the exciting coil of the
inductor magnets M' M² but as a matter of fact without advantage, on account of
the greater magnetizing action and hysteresis The magnets may further be
equally or only alternately excited under certain conditions even by means of
alternating current Steel magnets may also be employed The density of the
field, and the extent of the field, may be constantly great or alternately so, the
pole surfaces may be continuous, or may be divided into separate single poles, and
even of alternating polarity as shown in F gure 2 The magnetic field may of
course be produced without any co-action of poles or yokes transmitting or
conducting lines of foice, merely by means of suitable we coils, as was done
years ago in the arrangements of Van Depoele, and such as has been long known
in similar forms of construction for reciprocating current producers in combination
with diaphragms and with pistons for telephones, and in apparatus for measuring
the speed of shots
the
Many forms of arrangement may also be employed for the armatures
induced coils, with or without iron cores, may reciprocate in the magnetic fields,
the lines of force may un across the direction of reciprocation, or with the same
The aimate coils may be divided into several coils which in any case may be
connected at various times with the rotating machine by means of commutators
Briefly, all possible imaginable varied modifications and forms of construction,
such as are known or may be employed in the customary forms of construction of
revolving dynamo machine. can also be utilised here In special cases the
reciprocating part of the heat driven engine itself, for instance the piston or
the cylinder may be employed, as aimature, armature core, or magnet, as
has been already shown in the airangement described in my previous Patent
No 22249
Similarly as for the various induction devices, and suited to the current waves of
the same, and, as before mentioned, to the various modes of delivering work, the
revolving machines may also be constructed and connected in various ways, and
the remirks her embefore made as applied to the reciprocating current producers
may al o apply in this case The mode of construction in general may be the
same is that employed for other current producers and motor- The reciprocating
mas which is necessary
,
as the essential part of the new arrangement for
replacing the crank gearing, may, in the alternating current machine in question,
be arranged in the 1otating magnet, or in the mature, or in a special Hywheel
connected with the machine
The regulating and distributing devices will now be described,
Simultaneously with the alterations of the load and the work in the actual fluid-
pressure heat engines, the proportions of current in the reciprocating and revolving
dynamos may be regulated from the outside either for instance by action on the
magnetic field by means of resistances, or by changing the proportions of tians
mission or the degree of action between the two electric machines, by inserting
commutators, by cutting out armature coils and so forth Such iegulating devices

page_text: may be operated by means of gas pressure measuring devices which communicate
with the cylinders, or by speed measuring devices, centrifugal regulators, or
finally by means of the distributing and regulating devices necessary for fluid
pressure heat engines
The electric currents of the transmitting dynamo may be simultaneously
employed for the ignition The same may also be employed vice versa in order
to operate electric distributing devices for the fluid pressure heat engines
As a safety device against explosion of the heat engine and its destruction, the
insertion of current measuring devices or cut-outs in the wires between the rotating
and the reciprocating dynamos, or in the wires of the exciting parts may be
mentioned in conclusion, which immediately suspend the ignition and the gas
supply in the case of improper action of the inductors, or of interruptions of
the same
Finally as regards the actual kind of fluid pressure heat engine employed this
may be operated either by gas, mineral oil, coal dust, heated compressed air, or
other suitable operating fluid, and in the case of there being separate expansion
and compression cylinders, a suitable separation, mode of construction and regulation
of the electric transmitting appliances may be employed or one specially suited to
the peculiar or special mode of delivery of the work, as appears easily self-evident
from the explanations hereinbefore given as examples of special cases A considerable
separation at a suitable distance between the rotating and the reciprocating
dynamo may take place, e conductors gh of Figure for instance may then
become "distance conducí
Having now particularly
tion and in what manner\
claim is
-
'scribed and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
e same is to be performed, I declare that what I
1 An electric arrangement or replacing crank gearing in fluid pressure heat
engines, consisting of an electry alternating current transference of power, one part
of which is formed of an induction device reciprocating with the piston, and the
other part of an alternating current machine running synchronically, the working
parts of which are connected with or act as fly masses and during the period
of expansion, receive in the form of kinetic energy the electric energy produced
by means of the reciprocating induction device in order to again give up the
same during the periods of compression, substantially as herein before described
2 In fluid pressure heat engines, an electric arrangement of reciprocating
induction device and alternating cui rent machine mass in such a form of construction
that for the methods of working such as two cycle, four-cycle and so forth, the
conversion and storage of energy is distributed over several periods of stroke,
substantially as hereinbefore described
3 In fluid pressure heat engines, an electric arrangement of reciprocating
induction device and alternating current machine adapted for multiphase current
operation substantially as hereinbefore described
4 In an arrangement such as described for fluid pressure heat engines, the
construction and combination of the reciprocating and iotary electical parts with
commutators in order to admit of the production of const int current, substantially
as herein before described
5 In an arrangement such as described for fluid pressure heat engines, the
combination of a special synchronous or asynchronous motor in circuit with
one of the reciprocating inductors and adapted to give up the "useful work,"
or the adaptation of the rotary alternating-current machine by suitable
form of construction thereof for the same purpose, substantially as hereinbefore
described
6 In an arrangement such as described for fluid pressure heat engines, the
regulation of the electric distribution of power to alternate sides simultaneously
by meaus of the mechanical governing and regulating devices of the fluid pre sure
heat engine, and (vice versa) the use of the electric currents from this improved

page_text: apparatus for governing and regulating the fluid pressure heat engine substantially
as herein before described
Dated this 30th day of January 1896
WM P THOMPSON & Co,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant