matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PROPELLING AND VENTILATING SHIPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Ogle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1857.
I, NATHANIEL OGLE, of Jersey, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PROPELLING AND VENTILATING
SHIPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of air engines or pumps as
intermediate agents between a steam engine or other prime mover when the
propellers consist of pistons working in a tube or cylinder open to the water.
By this arrangement I also ventilate the ship, as fresh supplies of air are
continually drawn down to the air engines or pumps while the propelling
apparatus is in operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: wws
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July 1857.-
A communication from Gaillard Collé, of Fouencamps, in the Empire of
France.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING MACHINES," communicated to mo by
Gaillard Collé, of Fouencamps, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
I propose to make a transversal doubling machine to be used or put in
motion by hand or other power, by placing on a framing the necessary parts.
On the cross pieces in front of the frame I place a bar which serves to support
the threads; at back of this is placed a bar serving as bearer to the guides or
thread holders, which rest on a moveable carriage with come-and-go motion
to move the conducting pulley. A moulinet placed vertically serves to work
the swipe which raises the bobbin on the breakage of one of the threads, and
is placed horizontally under the axis of the moulinet. A pedal placed hori-
zontally on the table of the apparatus and furnished with a cord serves (being
counterweighted) to raise the bobbins communicating with a metal swipe,
which serves to hold the bobbin while the broken thread is repaired, cross
pieces carrying small pullies support or suspend the counterweight. In front

page_text: of the guides and at the back of the machine are drums which move the
bobbins, and communicate by means of pullies with the driving wheel, and
thenco by a band to the motor wheel. Any number of threads or bobbins
may be used in this apparatus as may be found convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING LOOPED AND PILE FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letter's Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adam and John Stewart
Templeton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd March 1857.
We, WILLIAM ADAM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Warehouseman, and JOHN STEWART TEMPLETON, of the same Place, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WEAVING LOOPED AND PILE FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to the weaving or manufacture of looped and pile
fabrics of various kinds, wherein the wires over which the. looped and pile
surfaces are formed, are passed through the reed of the loom. In weaving
a looped surface fabric by this means, the wires, which are long, thin, and
narrow slips of steel, are passed through the dents of the reed, being held
behind the reed by stringing their ends upon a retaining wire, which keeps
all the wires fixed in their predetermined position. The wires pass also
through suitable guide eyes in a heddle leaf, for the purpose of keeping the
wires upright, or they may be assisted in keeping an upright position in any
other convenient way. The front projecting ends of the wires are all quite
free, and the actual weaving of the fabric takes place over these front ends
of the wires, the depth of which regulates that of the surface loop produced
in the figure or surface warp of the fabric. As the cloth is woven it passes
along the wires, which remain permanently fixed, and thus the woven cloth

page_text: slides off the wire ends as fast as it is produced. In weaving a pile fabric
according to this Invention, the wires are similarly arranged, except that
their front ends, which are held by a front retaining wire the same as the
back holder, are made of a wedge shape, that is to say, they increase in
width towards their front ends; and the upper edges of these wedge portions
are made sharp to act as cutters, so that as the cloth passes along in being
woven, these sharp edges of the wires cut up the loops and complete the pile.
In forming loop and pile surfaces upon woven fabrics according to both these
arrangements, a single or double gauze heddle action is used for working
the figure or surface warp threads, so as to cross them over the wires and
form the loop. Various modifications of apparatus may be used for this
purpose, so as to produce the necessary looped surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR AFFORDING INCREASED SECURITY TO VALVES, TAPS, OR OTHER APPARATUS USED FOR REGULATING OR INTERUPTING THE FLOW OF GASES, VAPOURS, AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Decimus Tripe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1857.
I, JULIUS DECIMUS TRIPE, of King's Place, Commercial Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR AFFORDING INCREASED SECURITY
TO VALVES, TAPS, OR OTHER APPARATUS USED FOR REGULATING OR INTERUPTING THE
FLOW OF GASES, VAPOURS, AND LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
These improvements will consist in the use and application of one or more
locking apparatus to valves, syphons, sluice gates, the plugs of taps, or other
mechanism now used or to be used for regulating or interrupting the flow of
gases, vapours, and liquids. To this end I propose to employ a lock, so placed,
that when the bolt is locked out it shall impinge against the plug or other
mechanism used in the apparatus employed for the above purposes, and
so prevent such plug or other mechanism being moved until the bolt be shot
(or locked) back. In some cases I propose to insert wards, slides, hooks,
levers, or other mechanism into the plug, cup, or other part or parts of any
apparatus for regulating the flow of air or liquids, in-such manner as to afford
better security against moving the plug valve, sluice gate, or other apparatus
with the keys, levers, and other means now employed for that purpose.
I- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Riley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1857.
I, EDWARD RILEY, of Droylsden, near Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Weaver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
First, in ordinary looms where one shuttle only is used I avoid the necessity
of swells and springs for acting upon the stop rod, by making a simple
improvement of the finger which extends through the shuttle box and presses
against the shuttle, thereby producing the same effect as the swell.
Secondly, I make the projection on the frog against which the swell finger
acts, broader and deeper than it has hitherto been made, so that it may have a
hole or slot for the end of the finger to enter, a step or thickened part of which
finger presses against the frog, the hole guiding the finger and preventing the
possibility of its slipping or bouncing up and failing to stop the loom, which
frequently occurs in the present mode.
Thirdly, in looms where two or more shuttles are used I employ an arm or
lever with a roller at the end, placed in front of the box above the lathe,
for the purpose of keeping the shuttles in their places when they are not
required to work, and if the shuttle should be partly out of the box when
rising or dropping, the said arm or lever guides or presses it in its place.
I also use a pulley or lever below the lathe to produce the same effect. The
said arms or levers are furnished with springs or weights. The employment.

page_text: of the aforesaid arms or levers obviates the necessity of springs for acting on
the swells.
Fourthly, for making selvages at any intermediate part of the loom when
two or more pieces are woven in the same width of the loom. I use a cutter
for each piece for cutting the weft betwixt each selvage, and a finger or lever
for turning each weft thread into the cloth at each selvage as the loom beats
up; the cutters and fingers act simultaneously and afford the means of weaving
two or more pieces of cloth with selvages either in hand or power looms.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTEN- ING LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1857

page_text: wwwww
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Glew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1857.
I, JOHN HENRY GLEW, of No. 18, Charlotte St., in the Parish of St.
Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Boot and Shoe Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTEN-
ING LADIES AND GENTLEMEN'S BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
A steel-jointed spring with catches for fastening is inserted in the boot or
shoe, thus fastening the same, and supporting the ancle of wearer without
any undue pressure, a combination hitherto unattained except by the trouble-
some and tedious method of lacing the boot, an operation consuming much
time, and causing much inconvenience, both of which are superseded by this
method of fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET GLASS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1857.
I, ISAAC JONES, of St. Helen's, in the County of Lancaster, Glass Flattener,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHEET GLASS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
By the method now practised in making that description of sheets of glass
known in the trade as "sheet glass," the sheets are formed from cylinders
which are cut longitudinally with a diamond and opened out upon a "larger,"
which is a sheet of glass laid upon a stone mounted upon an iron carriage
placed within the flattening kiln. Now, by this Invention it is proposed to
dispense with the "larger," carriage stone, and carriage, and in place of
flattening blown glass on a "larger," as now done, the glass cylinders having
been cut with a diamond in the usual way, are inserted in a flattening kiln
and allowed to remain there until sufficiently heated to admit of their being
opened out, which is done by taking hold of one edge of the glass with
nippers or other suitable apparatus, and raising it up so as to allow the
cylinder to unroll itself and fall vertically down by its own weight, thus
performing the flattening of "sheet glass" vertically in place of horizontally,
after which it is removed to the annealing kiln. It is proposed to form a

page_text: small slit or longitudinal opening along the top of the flattening kiln, through
which the workmen may perform the necessary manipulations. Openings in
the flattening kiln may be formed in any other part of the kiln should it be
found more convenient to do so.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONERY CABINETS, AND IN ENVELOPES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Phillips at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1857.
I, GEORGE PHILLIPS, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STATIONERY CABINETS, AND IN ENVELOPES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed to facilitate correspondence with persons residing
in the ten postal districts of London, and consists, firstly, in forming such
cabinets with pigeon-holes or divisions corresponding with the ten postal
districts, and in the same relative position to each other, each pigeon-hole or
division being labelled with the initial letter or letters of its corresponding
district. These divisions are intended to contain envelopes.
The cabinet may also be provided with other divisions for note paper,
letters answered and unanswered, postal guide, wax tapers, label damper,
receipt and postage stamps, &c.
In the interior of the lid or door of the cabinet is a map of London, with
its postal divisions plainly marked out, and lettered to correspond with the
pigeon-holes.
The envelopes to be placed in the several pigeon-holes or divisions-are-to

page_text: have the corresponding initial letters printed thereon in the right-hand corner
below where the address is to be written.
It will be obvious that this Invention can bo manufactured in a variety of
forms, such as despatch boxes, envelope cases, &c., without departing from the
peculiar feature of the Invention, namely, arranging the divisions and lettering 5
the envelopes to correspond with the ten postal districts of London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OR PREPARATION OF MOULDS FOR CASTING METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Walker and Thomas
Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th September 1857.
We, ANDREW WALKER, of Shotts, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Moulder, and THOMAS WALKER, of the same Place, Pattern Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OR PREPARATION OF MOULDS FOR CASTING METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment or preparation of the surfaces of
sand moulds for casting metals, by means of anthracite, "blind," or "stone
coal dust. The coal or mineral preferred for this purpose is anthracite, but
any coal of an anti-bituminous kind will answer for carrying out the improve-
ments. The coal or anthracite mineral is used in its natural condition as dug
from the earth, being merely reduced by mechanical means to the proper con-
dition of powder or dust.
The powder or dust is placed in permeable bags, and dusted upon the
mould surfaces with which the metal will come in contact when the casting
operation takes place.
The same material may also be used as a wash for moulds; it may also be
employed mixed with sand, as in the case of common coal dust. This system
of preparing mould surfaces secures economy in the materials used, whilst it
also enables the founder to produce extremely sharp and fine castings.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR DISCHARGING, PAYING OUT,' AND SUBMERGING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, WIRES, OR ROPES OR SUCH LIKE ARTICLES FROM SHIPS, OR VESSELS OF ANY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lawrence Brooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th August 1857.
I, ROBERT LAWRENCE BROOKE, of 20, Keppel Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR DISCHARGING, PAYING OUT,' AND SUBMERGING
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES, WIRES, OR ROPES OR SUCH LIKE ARTICLES FROM SHIPS,
OR VESSELS OF ANY DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in placing a well or funnel with rollers at the
top and bottom of same, at or close abaft the midship section or any other
part below the water line of any vessel employed in laying cables, ropes, or
wires or such like articles of any construction or material.
A NEW MODE OF ILLUSTRATING LITERARY PRODUCTIONS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prosper Bernard Godet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1857.
I, PROSPER BERNARD GODET, of Paris, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW MODE OF ILLUSTRATING LITERARY
PRODUCTIONS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in illustrating literary productions by means of
photographic stereoscopic pictures taken from groups or scenes formed by
living figures or laymen, dressed, arranged, and combined with the required
accessories according to the narratives described in the book or other
literary production to be illustrated, and from which narratives or sceneries
the said photographic stereoscopic pictures may thus offer a perfect natural
illustration, corresponding with the ideas of the author of the book or other
literary production; thus for instance, I intend to give illustrations of the
most conspicuous scenes of living or bygone authors, such as Shakspeare,
Dickins, Lamartine, historical or other works, and even of sacred books, such
as the Holy Bible, Prayer Books, or any other suitable literary productions in
general.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCKING OR SUPPORTING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS FOR THE PURPOSES OF DOCKING THEM
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Clark and Joseph Henry
Tuck at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th June 1857..
We, EDWIN CLARK, of 20, Great George Street, Westminster, and
JOSEPH HENRY TUCK, of 22, Pall Mall, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOCKING OR SUPPORTING SHIPS AND OTHER
VESSELS FOR THE PURPOSES OF DOCKING THEM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in blocking or supporting
ships and other vessels for the purpose of docking them. For this purpose,
blocks are employed which are drawn by tackle towards the keel of the vessel
to be blocked, until they bear against the side of the vessel, and the blocks
are prevented from receding after having been drawn up by racks or similar
contrivances on the floor of the dock or surface on which the blocks work, into
which racks, pawls carried by the blocks, fall. The blocks are employed in
sets of two or more, one working on the top of the other, and when the first
block has been drawn against the ship, and becomes fixed by its pawls, then
the block above is similarly drawn forward on the lower block, till it comes
against the side of the vessel, where it becomes fixed by its pawl falling into
the teeth of the rack on the lower block. In order to draw the blocks forward
chains are employed, which are connected at one end to the blocks, pass round

page_text: pose.
pulleys ahead, mounted on the surfaces on which the blocks work, to barrels
so arranged that they can be worked from the surface of the water, by means
of a key fitting on the axis of the barrel, which is made square for the pur-
For working two blocks, one on the top of the other, the axis of the
top barrel is made tubular, and the axis of the bottom barrel passes through
it. When the key is first put on, it fits on the axis of the bottom barrel, the
key being prevented from descending lower by a catch; and when it is desired
to act on the upper barrel, the catch is withdrawn by a cord, and the key
falls on to the square head of the upper barrel. The method of blocking and
supporting ships, or other vessels above described, is very applicable, when
they are raised on "saucers" or pontoons, as is described in the Provisional
Specification of a Patent granted to Edwin Clark, one of the present inven-
In order to support the ship or other vessel more securely, when raised
on a "saucer" or pontoon, and blocked as already described, telescopic shores
are employed, and these are formed of two parallel beams of timber, hinged at
one end to the side of the "saucer" or pontoon, and having between them a
third beam capable of sliding in and out. In using this shore, it is drawn
out to the required extent, and by'a rack and pawls, or other similar contri-
vance; it is prevented from slipping back. The end of the shore is brought
up under a "streak," nailed on the side of the vessel, and is firmly fixed by
driving a wedge between the end of the shore and the "streak."
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THOSE PARTS OF PRINTING. MACHINES CALLED 'DOCTORS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Heinemann and Arnold
Heinemann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th May 1857.
We, LOUIS HEINEMANN and ARNOLD HEINEMANN, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN THOSE PARTS OF PRINTING. MACHINES CALLED 'DOCTORS,'
to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of what are technically called "doctors," used in
machinery or apparatus for printing and other similar purposes, instead of
making them of steel or a composition of metals we propose to make them
entirely of glass, and therefore to claim the application of glass for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. STEAM HAMMERS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John M'Dowall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1857.
I, JOHN MODOWALL, of Walkinshaw Foundry, Johnstone, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. STEAM HAMMERS," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement of the parts of steam hammers,
and to the system or mode of actuating the hammer. The stationary parts of
the machine consist of a rectangular cast-iron base, which supports a column
or pillar. To the upper part of this column is bolted a plummer block, which
carries a segmentally-ended lever, or a beam somewhat similar to the beam of
the early pumping engines, and in like manner vibrating upon a central axis.
The beam projects over the front part of the base, and in a vertical line below
it is a grooved plate, which forms the guide for the hammer block to work in.
The guide plate is fixed to a frame, which projects from the front part of the
fixed column or standard. Below the inner end of the segmentally-ended
lever or beam, and in a vertical line therewith to one side of the central
column, is fitted a steam cylinder, which is bolted to the base of the machine.
The cylinder is made single-acting, and the induction and eduction ports are
made in the upper part of the cylinder above the piston. The hammer.block

page_text: is attached by a broad strap or by a chain or suitable flexible connection
to an eye at the outer end of the overhead lever, and a strap or chain is
passed over the opposite or inner curved end of the vibrating beam, and the
lower end of this strap or chain is attached to the piston rod. Below the
hammer block, and on the side opposite to that on which the steam cylinder
stands, is fixed an anvil, similar to those ordinarily used for steam hammers.
The admission of the steam into the cylinder is controlled by a hand lever,
and the valve of the exhaust pipe by a wheel or other suitable arrangement,
to enable the attendant to regulate the emission of the steam. The hammer
block is raised by admitting the steam to the cylinder upon the upper side of
the piston, which is thereby forced downwards, and carries with it the belt or
chain, which is attached to the segmentally-ended lever connected to the
hammer block. The hammer descends by its own gravity, the force of the
blow being regulated by the velocity with which, the steam is allowed to escape
from the cylinder, the emission of the steam being under the control of the
attendant who has charge of the wheel or other arrangement by means of
which the exhaust valve is regulated. The eduction port is made of sufficient
area to allow of the steam escaping suddenly from the cylinder when the
whole force of the hammer block is required; on the contrary, by checking
the escape of the steam from the cylinder, the blow may be modified according
to the nature of the work to be forged.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Findlater and William
Keetley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th March 1857.
We, WILLIAM FINDLATER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Coach Builder, and WILLIAM KEETLEY, of Birmingham aforesaid, Coach
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of the method herein-after described of connect-
ing the front wheels of carriages with the said carriages, so that the said front
wheels may be of the same height as the bind wheels, and turn round without
interfering with the body of the carriage. Our method of construction also
permits the front wheels to be brought much nearer the hind wheels than the
ordinary construction. We carry our Invention into effect by making the top
and bottom transum plates to a circle as wide as or wider than the boot of the
carriage, the top plate slotted in the sides and part of the hind cross plate with
curved slots; four bolts, two on each side, are shouldered in square in the
bottom plate, with turned necks to work in the slots of the top plate. The
movement is as follows:-In turning round to the off-side the near side
wheel runs forward, both the bolts of that side running along the near side
slots of transum wheel, and the hind bolt of the off-side runs along the

page_text: parallel slot of the hind bar; the first bolt being over the axle acts as a
fulcrum, and the off-side wheel, instead of running back, merely turns on its
own axis, and the reverse when turning round to the near-side.
The advantages obtained by our method of construction are, getting high
front wheels without interfering with the shape of the body of the carriage or
raising it higher from the ground, getting the axles closer together and with
high wheels thus securing greater lightness of draught.
Our Invention may be applied to any kind of carriage, small phaetons,
particularly clarences, broughams, barouches, large phaetons, and omnibuses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christian Schwedersky at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th February
1857.
I, CHRISTIAN SCHWEDERSKY, of Railway Place, Fenchurch Street, in the
City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention consists in apparatus for floating stranded ships without
injuring them, and by the same Invention, in case a vessel springs a leak, sho
can be raised and made water-tight.
The apparatus consists of strong iron screws, which are made fast in a
wooden post and work in any direction required, so that the ship can be slowly
raised and moved forward as necessary; the post is fastened to a pedestal in
such a way as to allow of its being turned in all directions without the possi-
bility of its giving way; the pedestal must be constructed according to the
nature of the ground.
The machinery can be moved by railroad or vessel from one place to another,
as it may with very slight trouble be taken in pieces and put together again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sherratt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1857.
I, THOMAS SHERRATT, of South Square, Gray's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIMEKEEPERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to the application to timekeepers of a globe,
by the rotation of which on its axis the time of day on various parts of the
earth's surface may be indicated. My Invention admits of several modifica-
tions, but I prefer to mount the globe on the arbor which carries the hour
hand, and in place of the ordinary clock face to apply a face graduated to
twenty-four hours. The speed of the hour hand arbor I reduce so that it
may complete one rotation in every twenty-four hours. To the globe or to
its axle 1 attach a pointer, which moving round with the globe, and passing
over the graduations on the face of the timekeeper, will indicate the hour at
the place for which the timekeeper is set, and the longitude lines of the globe
will shew by their coincidence with other divisions on the graduated face, the
hour at other and distant parts of the world. To facilitate the reference to
the divisions with which the longitude lines coincide at a given amount, I
propose to provide a pointer, which, sliding in an annular groove concentric
with the ring of graduations, will guide the eye from the lines on the globe to

page_text: the graduations. In some cases I propose to adapt an adjustable indicator
to the axis of the globe, which will have the same effect; or in place of
having a graduated face, I may use the equator of the globe for the same
purpose, causing it to rotate before a fixed style, or the globe may be fixed
and the style be caused to rotate around it.
AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT FOR PULVERIZING AND CLEANSING LAND
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1857.
1, HUGH SMITII, of Porchester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT FOR PULVERIZING AND CLEANSING LAND," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of an implement for crushing
clods and for pulverizing land more or less finely, and is intended to operate
upon a breadth of about three feet more less. In front of the implement,
supported in bearings upon a suitable frame, is a guide wheel, which also
serves to regulate the depth of soil to be raised, as hereafter explained.
Behind this wheel and across the implement I place one or inore shares in the
shape of knives, and behind or rather continuing upwards from the back of
the knives is an endless apron or belt. The back roller over which this belt
travels is placed slightly in advance of two or more reducing or pulverizing
rolls or other suitable reducing agents, from which the pulverized soil falls.
Upon the onward motion of the implement, the share or shares enter the
carth to a depth regulated by the guide wheel, take up the soil and deliver it on
to the endless apron, from which it falls after passing through the pulverizing
rolls. In addition to crushing rolls, teeth may be employed for the purpose of
freeing the soil raised from twitch and other grasses and weeds..
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND MEASURING FABRICS, AND REGIS- TERING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franz Ruff and Maximillian
Gutkind, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th August 1857.
We, FRANZ RUFF of Gray's Inn Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanist, and MAXIMILLIAN GUTKIND, of Noble Street, in the same County,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND MEASURING FABRICS, AND REGIS-
TERING THE SAME," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention, which has reference to the folding of lengths or pieces of
finished woven or textile fabrics by machinery into suitable form or bulk for
the convenience of being packed into bales or otherwise made portable for
commercial purposes, consists of a bed or table mounted horizontally upon
standard frames, in such manner as to secure the fabric on its surface, and
cause the same to be folded through the intervention of an alternating
movement of folding or smoothing blades, whereby each fold of the fabric as it
is laid is measured and registered by means of an index, and the said machi-
nery or apparatus actuated by steam or other motive power.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Campbell Evans at the Oflico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1857.
I, JOHN CAMPBELL EVANS, of South Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of apparatus for actuating
railway brakes, and to a peculiar construction and arrangement of coupling
for the rolling stock of railways.
That part of my Invention which relates to the mode of actuating the
brakes of railway rolling stock consists in the application and use of a spirally
grooved cone or a screw of gradually increasing diameter, which is fitted on to
one or more of the axles of the carriage, and is caused to rotate therewith.
This grooved cone or screw actuates a brake lever which applys the brakes,
the blocks of which may be of the ordinary construction. Any convenient
arrangement of mechanism may be employed for holding the brake lever
disengaged from the cone or screw until the brakes are to be applied.
When applying the brakes the brake lever is brought in contact with the
smaller part of the cone or screw, and as the latter revolves with the axle the
lever gradually traverses to the larger part of the cone or screw, and by its
motion puts on the brake.
The improvements in the coupling and attachments of railway rolling stock
consist in the application and use of a ball and socket joint, or modifications

page_text: thereof in combination with india-rubber or other suitable elastic material for
the purpose of ensuring a direct pull or strain upon the hooks or attachments,
and of preventing or deadening the sudden shocks or jars which are so
destructive to the ordinary coupling and attachments at present in use.
The coupling may be formed at one or both ends with a square or rounded
head, which is dropped into a slot made in the connecting piece to which the
coupling is attached.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Farrow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th November
1857.
I, CHARLES FARROW, of Great Tower Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-
ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in fire-arms, to facilitate
the removal of the end of the cartridge, and to obviate the necessity of biting
off the end, as has been usual heretofore. For this purpose I attach to the
stock or other part of the piece an instrument which takes tightly hold of
the end of the cartridge, so that when the cartridge is forcibly pulled away
from the instrument, the end of the cartridge being retained by it is torn off.
The instrument which I use is a curved lever, mounted on an axis at or near
its centre, and under one end of the lever is a spring which causes its other
end to press on a roughened plate of metal fixed to the stock or other part of
the piece, or if preferred this spring may be dispensed with. When the
instrument is to be used to remove the end from a cartridge, one limb of the
lever is depressed by the finger, and so as to raise the other, and the end of
the cartridge is placed under the end of the lever so raised, which is then
caused to descend upon it by the pressure of the thumb acting under the
other limb of the lever; thus the end of the cartridge is nipped, and by

page_text: drawing the cartridge sharply away its end is removed. The same instrument
may be reversed so that the pressure of the thumb may be applied upon
instead of under the end of the lever, the action then being similar to the
lower jaw of cutting shears, and the end of tho cartridge will be nipped
between it and a fixed upper jaw.
IMPROVED MEANS OP TRANSMITTING MESSAGES BY AUDIBLE SIGNALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1857.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OP TRANSMITTING MESSAGES
BY AUDIBLE SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the use of a steam or other powerful whistle for
producing sounds of varying duration, by means of which messages may bo
conveyed great distances at sea or upon land under circumstances where
visible signals would not avail. When steam is used, a steam pipe is attached
to the boiler to receive steam therefrom, and convey it to the whistle, which
is set above its open end; a tap in this pipe is connected by wires with a
stop, which, when pressed upon, will through a bell-crank lever operate the
tap. The sounds to be produced will be long and short, and a combination
of these sounds uttered in rapid succession or in groups, after the manner of
the system of visible signs used by the operators of Morse's telegraph, is
formed to indicate the different letters of the alphabet.
Instead of a simple stop and wire, the opening and closing of the valve may
be effected by equivalent mechanism, which will, however, ensure the proper
length of sound required being sustained. Air or gas may be employed also
for actuating the whistle where steam is not to be readily procured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM BASS OR BAST
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Touche at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1857.
I, VICTOR TOUCHE, of 14, Rathbone Place, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM BASS OR BAST," to be as
follows:-
I cut the bass into short lengths (say about two inches), and afterwards
clean it by means of a blowing machine or by washing; I then subject this
material to a bath of sulphuric, hydrocloric, muriatic, or any other acid,
and afterwards subject it to the action of the beating machine to be reduced
to the state known in the trade as "half stuff." The material when reduced
to this state is again submitted to the beating machine, and during the action
of that machine upon it I subject it to the process of bleaching; it is then in
a state of pulp suitable for paper making.
AN IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENT OF COMBINED BED AND UTENSIL FOR THE USE OF INVALIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barnabas Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1857.
I, BARNABAS TAYLOR, of Cranbrook, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENT OF
COMBINED BED AND UTENSIL FOR THE USE OF INVALIDS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in the application to a bed for the use of invalids
of a funnel or pan, of earthenware or other suitable material, (resembling in
form and uses the ordinary water-closet pan,) which, passing downward
through the mattrass or under bedding, terminates above a vessel or receiver
placed in a suitable drawer or box beneath the framing of the bed. When
not required for use the top of the funnel may be covered by a suitable lid
and cushion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ACTION OF UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mills at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1857.
J, WILLIAM MILLS, of Lower Craven Place, Kentish Town, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ACTION OF UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the action of upright
pianofortes; for these purposes the action of the check and of the damper is
derived from the sticker, in the following manner :-A lever, having its fulcrum
or axis on a fixed rail, is attached at one end by a pin joint to the sticker, and
at the other end the lever has attached to it the lower end of the check wire,
there being an adjusting nut at the end of the wire to adjust the distance from
the string at which the hammer shall be checked. Between the sticker and
the fulcrum of the lever the lower end of the damper wire is attached, hence
when the sticker is raised, it will, by giving motion to the lever, move the
check into position and remove the damper from the string.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walter Lee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1857.
I, the Reverend JOHN WALTER LEE, of Chelmsford, in the County of
Essex, Clerk, M.A., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF RAILWAY
TRAINS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in arranging speaking tubes from one carriage
to another, and from the carriages to the guards and drivers of trains, so that
any message or signal may be at once effectually communicated.
In carrying out this Invention, I propose that each carriage should be per-
manently fitted with a communicating tube, and that the connections between
them should be made as required by flexible tubes, or other similar suitable
arrangements on each occasion when the train is made up for its journey.
The Invention further consists in the adaptation of a detecting apparatus,
to enable the guard or driver to ascertain at once from which carriage and
division the message or signal is given. This may be effected by the attach-
ment to the tubing of each carriage of a lever or other signal, which will come
into operation when the apparatus is used.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peak at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1857.
I, JOHN PEAK, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
To manufacture gas from tar, resin, or the products derived therefrom, by
distillation either from those products alone or with the addition of water or
steam, my process is as follows:-
I drop the said products into a retort filled with charcoal or other suitable
substance, from which it passes in a state of decomposition into another retort,
or divisions of the same retort, and pass it from thence into the hydraulic main
direct to the gasometer.
A NEW DESCRIPTION OF FRINGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Antoine Dumergue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1857.
I, EUGÈNE ANTOINE DUMERGUE, of Paris (France), do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW DESCRIPTION OF FRINGES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in establishing a new description of fringe, by
inserting, during the weaving of lace or braid work, in the open sheds of the
warp, tufts, tresses, flocks, or locks of hair, or long stapled wool, or fleece in
its entire length or staple, with or without part of the skin or hide left
adhering thereto, after which the weft thread is thrown in and beaten up in
the usual manner by the slay or batten, by which the lock or tress of wool or
hair becomes solidly inserted in the tissue, so that after having cut off the
adhering piece of skin or hide, the hair or wool remains in its full length, and
thus forms the fringe of the lacework. Chenille, gold, silver, or coloured
thread, or other ornaments may be inserted also in or between the locks,
tresses, or tufts of fleece, wool, or hair in the fabric, and the hair or wool may
receive any suitable colour. In general, I prefer using any suitable fine long
stapled fleece.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1857.
I, WILLIAM HILL, of the City Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland,
Brakesman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to brakes, or frictional, retarding, or stopping
apparatus for railway trains of a very energetically severe action, especially
adapted for use in emergencies. when trains are to be stopped within very
short distances. It consists of a duplex stop catch apparatus, fitted up upon
holding pulleys or discs fast upon the axles of the railway carriages, so as to
enable the guard or brakesman to convert all the wheels in a train into
frictional retarders. Each axle has fast upon it one of the holding pulleys,
the periphery of which is fitted up with two spring stop catches, set in reverse
directions so as to act for both directions of the running of the train. To the
framing of the carriages there is jointed at the parts corresponding to each
pulley a duplex detent, having reverse arms, so that when the detent is turned
upon its stud centre in either direction, the descending arm gears with the
pulley catch on that side, thus at once holding the axle from revolving and
converting the wheels into frictional retarders acting upon the rails. The two

page_text: duplex detents on each carriage are linked together by an intermediate con-
necting rod, so that the two work in concert, and to this rod is attached a
cord or chain. This arrangement is pursued throughout all the carriages
forming a train; and the connecting cords or chains being furnished with
'suitable end junctions, the whole are easily joined into one line when the train
is made up, and this line is arranged to be under the control of the proper
train attendants, so that it can be easily drawn when emergencies arise. So
long as the brake is not required, the duplex detents stand clear of the catch
pulleys, being retained out of gear by small springs fitted up for that purpose;
but when it is necessary to stop the train suddenly, the attendant pulls the line
which works the detents, and thus brings all the arms on one side down within
range of the catches on the pulleys and stops all the wheels. The direction
of the running of the train obviously governs the direction in which the line
must be drawn, so as to bring down the proper detent arms. This brake acts
with great energy, and is not intended for the ordinary legitimate work of the
train, for which the common brakes must be used; but it is peculiarly adapted
for rapidly stopping the train when impending danger calls for stringent
measures of the kind.