matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Levey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st July
1872.
I, CHARLES LEVEY, of Toronto, Canada, at present residing at No. 82,
Sussex Road, Seven Sisters Road, Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam engines.
For this purpose the frame valve seat and one half of the cylinder is
made in one piece and the steam chest and other half cylinder in
another piece, the cylinder is divided lengthwise and the top of the
frame is on a line with the centre of the cylinder, thus saving much
expensive labor, as the top of the frame guide, bearings, valve seat, and
joints can be planed at one chucking.
The working parts of the cylinder and its face and the valve seat are
chilled instead of being cored out in the usual manner, thus making the
surfaces where the most friction occurs almost as hard as steel, which is
an important improvement over the ordinary method of casting cylinders.

page_text: The exhaust ports and steam ports are made in the cylinder face or
valve seat and are connected with the cylinder by the usual passages.
The cylinder is made double, leaving an exhaust steam passage between
the parts, thus making a complete steam jacket. The slide valves are of
a class denominated balanced valves.
The variable eccentric which works the valve is provided with a
slotted instead of the usual round hole, so that it can be made to slide on
a disc or some similar device keyed to the shaft so that the eccentric can
be made to assume a more or less eccentric or concentric position on said
shaft. The position of the eccentric can be changed by a lever moved
by hand when it is required for reversing or stopping the engine, or by
the ordinary governor when required for regulating the speed.
"
In some cases I form the cylinder in one piece and surround it with
a steam jacket which is divided longitudinally, one part of the jacket
being of a piece with the frame and valve seat, and the other in one
piece with the steam chest.
AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR THE LIDS OR COVERS OF GAS RETORTS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR THE LIDS OR COVERS OF GAS RETORTS."-A.
communication from abroad by James Robert Floyd, Charles
Frederick Dieterich, and August Schüssler, all of the City, County,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 25th March 1872, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: losing its elasticity, such for instance as fibres of asbestos or any other.
suitable material. The lid G is provided with a projecting rim, or a
corresponding number of rims, which fit easily into the said recesses
p, p. The lid being pressed by the screw bolt F with this projection
against the packing in p, p, will thus close the retort perfectly air-tight,
and the lid may be taken off and put on again without disturbing or in-
juring the packing. The same result may however be obtained by making
the groove or recess p, p, in the man-hole plate or lid and a corresponding
projecting rim on the end of the neck or mouthpiece B, it being
substantially the same construction. The mouthpiece B is furnished with
a short nozzle K, which is closed on top with a stopper of clay or loam,
or which may be closed with a suitable safety valve so that the retort
may be relieved of any excessive pressure of gases through this nozzle
in case the standing pipe leading the gases from the retort should become
clogged up.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is, one or a number of recesses or grooves,
and corre-
sponding projecting rims, in combination with an elastic packing of
suitable material, on joints of man or hand hole plates or lids for gas
retorts which are subjected to a high temperature..
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two
Witness,
WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
-A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN TINS, CANISTERS, OR CASES FOR CONTAINING PRESERVED MEATS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Pelham Warren at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th January 1872.
I, FREDERIC PELHAM WARREN, of East Court, Cosham, in the
County of Hants, Captain in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TINS, CANISTERS, OR
CASES FOR CONTAINING PRESERVED MEATS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to the manufacture of tins, canisters, or
cases for containing preserved meats or other substances. Such tins,
canisters, or cases require to be kept hermetically closed or sealed for
the preservation of their contents, and as usually made are very
troublesome to open.
Now the object of my Invention is to enable the hermetically sealed
tins, canisters, or cases to be readily opened by means of a knife or
other similar instrument, for which purpose I make a part or parts of
the tin, canister, or case of softer material than the remaining part or

page_text: parts, such softer part or parts consisting of a strip or band, or strips
or bands of lead and tin combined by mechanical pressure or of other
suitable soft material capable of being readily cut through, which strip
or strips, or band or bands of soft material may be combined with the
tin or other hard material forming the other part or parts of the tin,
canister, or case by soldering or otherwise preferably before the sheets
of tin or other material are cut to the requisite dimensions for making
the tin, canister, or case. I prefer to apply the soft material in the
lateral portion or sides of the tin, canister, or casc a short distance
below its hermetically scaled lid or cover, and in some cases I make a
series of perforations, apertures, or openings in the harder material
forming the main body of the tin, canister, or case around its upper
portion and close these perforations or openings by means of the band
or strip, or bands or strips of lead and tin combined by mechanical
pressure or other soft material as described. Or the band or strip, or
bands or strips of soft material may be combined with the sheet or plate,
or sheets or plates of hard material intended to form the main body of
the tin, canister, or case, by turning back the edges of the band or strip,
or bands or strips, and those of the sheet or plate, or sheets or plates
in such a manner as to compress and securely hold the edges of the soft
material between those of the hard material, so long as the peculiarity
of my Invention be retained, according to which a part or parts of the
tin, canister, or case is or are made of softer material than the remaining
part or parts for the purpose set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1872.
I, JOHN LAKE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in tubular steam
boilers whereby the draft in the tubes may be more effectually
regulated than heretofore, and has reference more particularly to
improvements upon an Invention for which I obtained Letters Patent,
bearing date 7th February 1865, No. 345.
•
According to my present Invention I construct a light, open, lattice
frame of wrought or cast iron, or of other suitable metal, with enlarge-
ments at those parts which are immediately opposite to the ends of the
boiler tubes when such frame is in position, and to these enlarged parts
I attach valves, plugs, or dampers similar to those described in reference
to the Specification of the above-mentioned Letters Patent by nuts
or otherwise. At each side of the frame carrying these valves, plugs,

page_text: or dampers I attach a rack, which racks gear with spur pinions or
segments carried upon a horizontal shaft working in bearings in the
smoke box or flue; one end of this horizontal shaft projects through the
smoke box or flue and carries thereon another spur pinion or segment,
which is actuated by means of a rack from the opposite end of the
boiler, such rack being worked by a compound lever or otherwise; or in
lieu of the rack and pinion arrangement a connecting rod or chain
and lever may be employed for adjusting the position of the plugs or
dampers in the ends of the boiler tubes. The opposite side of the
racks to that upon which the teeth are formed bears against a loose
pulley or roller, whereby the frame is accurately guided in a horizontal
direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOMETERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Browning at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1872.
I, JOHN BROWNING, of 63, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOMETERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in photometers or apparatus
by which the intensity of light can be measured, and consists in
fitting in a tube one or more diagonal mirrors or total reflection prisms
or reflective bodies so arranged in connection with apertures, that the
light from, say, two gas flames or other sources of artificial light is
received through the apertures and reflected to the opposite end of the
tube, in which an eye-hole fitted with a lens or not is arranged. Outside
of the tube at the apertures I arrange one or more revolving sockets in
one of which a wedge-shaped glass (tinted) is free to be slid, so that
when the two lights are of different intensities, the wedge piece is slid
more or less into the socket until the reflections of the two lights are
equalized. The wedge piece is graduated so that the distance it is

page_text: pushed in indicates the difference in brilliancy between the two lights.
The other socket is fixed, and holds a tinted piece of glass in position
at its aperture; by this means if the two glasses are of the same tint,
the same appearance or colour will be obtained from the two lights.
Thin paper, ground glass, or opal glass, can be arranged in the front of 5
movable diaphragms which I fit at the apertures to soften the light,
and thus render the difference more easily appreciable.
According to another arrangement I dispense with the diagonal
mirrows or total reflection prisms, and substitute for these a single
prism of a very obtuse angle with the apex towards the eye end of the 1
instrument, this prism may be of white, coloured, or black glass, or it
may be silvered on the two outside reflective surfaces.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS OF BUILDING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1872

page_text: 1..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holmes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1872.
I, JOHN HOLMES, junior, of Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS
OF BUILDING DWELLING HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
5
The chief objects of this Invention are to dispense with the employ
ment of skilled labour on the spot where the buildings are to be erected,
and to save materials and labour by constructing concrete walls of much
less thickness than are usually built with that material, or of brick, or
stone, but at the same time to have substantial houses erected at a lọw
rate; for this purpose
I make the frames in certain suitable sizes either
on the site where the buildings are to be erected, or at works where
skilled labour is easier obtained.
--
The framework is made of suitable scantlings, consisting of uprights
and-horizontal-raking-or-other-picces framed-together to form -tlio

page_text: openings in the same, the walls being divided by the framework into
such panels and patterns to suit any design adopted.
The timbers are secured together at their junctions by mortice and
tenon joints, and oak pins, or with bolts, or angle irons. Light iron tic
rods with screwed bolts and nuts, or hoop iron bonds are used across the
panels where they are of a large size. The ends of the upright picces
are secured into the base with iron "spuds."
The framework for the whole or any part of a building being made
as before described after being fitted with iron bands, as hereafter
described, and being crected on brick, stone, or concrete foundations, :
or basc, is then filled in with a composition of concrete, all as hereafter
set forth.
All the sides of the timber framework with which the concrete will
come in contact in forming the panels or surfaces of walls are prepared
as follows: A saw cut or "kerf" or narrow groove otherwise formed:
is made in the same, and into the groove a hoop iron or other metal
band is fixed of suitable gauge let into the timber, say, 1/2" or ¾” and
projecting into the concrete panels to an extent sufficient to key and
secure the same in their positions, and to prevent air passing through the
walls by reason of any shrinkage of the timber away from the concrete.
In order that the concrete may bond at the angles, of a building tho
angle pieces of the framing are made triangular in section, and are fixed
towards the outside of the wall, thus the concrete passes through on the
inside of same.
The concrete is by preference composed of best Portland cement and
sand, and is filled in between boards secured in a temporary manner to
the timbers of the framework. The walls can be plastered inside and
outside as desired, and the framing timbers painted or stained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS FOR GAS, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS FOR
GAS, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS."-A communication from abroad by
William Radde, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, Merchant.
Scaled the 9th April 1872, and dated the 15th January 1872.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 15th January 1872, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PIPES AND PIPE JOINTS FOR GAS, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS," and have

page_text: Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of two sections of my pipe 3
connected by an elbow joint; Figure 2 is a sectional side view of two
sections of the said pipe connected by an ordinary coupling; Figure 3 is
a transverse section of the pipe. The same letters indicate corresponding
parts throughout the Drawing.

page_text: Third. A joint for pipes made of cast iron or other suitable material,
and provided with a lining of glass or other vitreous material forming
shoulders a, a, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
W. J. LowE.
W ROBT. LAKE. (L.s.)
•
AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM PISTON VALVE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st October 1872.-A communication from abroad by Thomas
Critchlow, of Baldwin, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED EQUILIBRIUM PISTON
VALVE," a communication to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in the construction and arrange-
ment of an equilibrium pressure valve used in controlling the water
pressure in the cylinders of machines connected with "Bessemer" steel
works, or other works where the machinery is worked by hydraulic
power, or for other machinery where the application of such valves
would be suitable either as a double or single acting valve for water, air,
steam or other fluids.
In practising the said Invention I construct a hollow cylinder with
a cover at the upper end; its lower end is attached by means of
circumferential flanges to a base permanently attached to the machine

page_text: with which the valve is connected. In the centre is a receiving
compartment, above and below which is an annular space containing an
annular bushing. Or the two bushings may be made in one piece.
From the receiving compartment a passage leads down through the
cylinder and base to the water inlet and from each annular space, a
passage leads also through the cylinder and base to the water outlets,
these outlets being connected with the cylinder of the machine to which
the valve is attached one at each end. Above the upper and below the
lower space a passage leads to the exhaust port.
The bushings are perforated with any desired number of small
openings around their entire circumference; a double headed piston is
placed and fitted in the said bushings. When this piston is in a central
position the perforations in both bushings are closed and the water
retained in the receiving compartment. When the valve is moved
upward the water from the receiving compartment will pass through the
upper bushing and its outlets into the machine cylinder and move its
piston in one direction. When the valve piston is moved downward the
water will pass through the lower bushing and its outlets to the other
end of the machine cylinder and move the piston in the opposite
direction. At this movement the water on the other side of the
machine cylinder piston will pass back through the upper bushing and
out through the outlets. In these cases the valve piston should be solid,
but it may be made hollow in which case the passages may be dispensed
with and the water will pass through the piston and out through the
exhaust port.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Auckland Cochrane at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1872.
I, ARTHUR AUCKLAND COCHRANE, of the City of Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in boilers refer to tubular boilers generally, but
more particularly to those in which the tube chambers are placed above
the furnaces, and consist in the application of one or more transverse
water spaces or bridges placed at the entrance of the tube chambers,
and so arranged in the flues or combustion chambers of the boilers as to
cause the currents of the heated gases to impinge against them and to
be deflected in their passage through the tube chambers. Circulating
tubes which act as connect the bridges with the body of the boilers
and maintain a free circulation through them. These dispositions effect
a more perfect distribution as well as a more complete admixture
of the heated products of combustion in the tube chambers, thereby

page_text: accelerating the circulation of the water in the tubes as a consequenco
of a more perfect developement of the heat of the gases. By this
arrangement also atmospheric air is advantageously introduced to effect
complete combustion, resulting in increased power of the boiler, or in
cconomy in the consumption of fucl.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE DRAWING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Kayser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1872.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM KAYSER, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE DRAWING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to lessen the cost and improve the
present mode of drawing wire of all descriptions, such as iron, steel,
copper, brass, or other metallic wire, to prevent the damages and other
inconveniences caused by the present imperfect mode of annealing and
drawing wire or material for wire, to increase its toughness, uniform
hardness, and uniformity in size, to prevent overheating, burning, not
heating uniformly, or not heating the wire material enough, leaving the
same too hard for drawing, causing thereby frequent breakages, wearing
out of draw plates, leaving the wire not uniform in size or soft and hard
in various places, to obviate the frequent use of acids for clearing it
from the scale or oxide raised by anncaling, which use of acids
deteriorates the wire material if carelessly used, and renders it liable to
rust and other damage.

page_text: The Invention consists in heating or annealing the wire or material to
be drawn before, during, and after the process of drawing, by putting it
into a bath of molten lead heated to the required degree, varying
according to the size and quality of the material, and further in heating
or annealing the material to be drawn before, during, and after
drawing, by letting it pass through a furnace heated to the desired
degree, or through tubes of clay, iron, or other metal heated by means
of gas, vegetable, or mineral oil, coal, coke, or charcoal, to a degree
suitable for the quality and size of the material to be drawn; the modes.
employed, and the sizes of the furnaces and the tubes varying according
to the sizes and qualities of the wire materials worked upon.
And further, the Invention consists in cleaning, scouring, or polishing
the wire before, during, or after the process of drawing, by letting it
pass through a polishing substance such as emery, rottenstone, or other
polishing material.
By the foregoing processes the wire will be annealed or softened more
uniformly, facilitating and quickening the drawing process, rendering
the wire more uniformly tough, round, and even to size, preventing the
great rise of scale, quick wearing-out of draw plates, and giving the wire
a smoother surface and making it on the whole cheaper to produce and
much more suitable for universal use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING AËRATED OR GASEOUS LIQUIs
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roberto France at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1872.
Ì, ROBERTO FRANCE, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Wine
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING AËRATED OR GASEOUS
LIQUIs," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in closing or stoppering bottles containing
aërated or gaseous liquids from the interior by means of a stopper of
cork preferably cut into a spherical form having a diameter of about
double that of the opening of the neck of the bottle.
To introduce the cork into the bottle it is first softened by being
submitted to the action of steam, and then forced through the neck of
the bottle by mechanical pressure. When the bottle is filled with
aerated or gaseous liquid the cork stopper rises by the action of the gas,
so as to close the neck of the bottle which is made of a suitable shape
to receive it and admit of close contact so as to form an air-tight
closing.

page_text: The contrivance I employ for depressing the cork when required to
open the bottle consists of a wire cage or a tube having a hollow or
open cup or cap at top and bottom, the upper cup being of a larger and
the lower cap of a smaller circumference than the opening of the neck of
the bottle, the latter being to allow of its introduction into the neck, and
the former to present a surface for the application of the pressure of the
hand. It is so arranged as to grip the neck of the bottle when inserted.
I apply this contrivance when required to open the bottle, and after
inserting it it is forced down to the required extent and left there until
the quantity of liquid required is poured out, when it is withdrawn.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nightingale Palmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th April 1872.-A communication from abroad by Louis
Charles Errani and Richard Anders, both of Lüttich, Belgium.
-
I, THOMAS NIGHTINGALE PALMER, of Dalston, London, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER," a
communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention is based upon the use of any fluid carburetted
hydrogen gas, or any other hydrogen fluid, which in the form of spray
is introduced into a cylinder where by the access of atmospheric air its
combustion produces an applicable motive power.
In carrying out the said Invention a reservoir is provided for holding
the hydrogen fluid, in connection with which is a perpendicular tube
having a valve at its lower extremity to admit the fluid from the
reservoir, the said fluid standing at the same level both in the reservoir
and the said tube. In order to ensure this level the reservoir is pro-

page_text: vided with a tube communicating with the atmospheric air by means of
a calotte of copper having an air-hole covered with finely woven wire
gauze.
The said perpendicular tube is provided near its upper extremity
with a short horizontal tube or nipple, and also contains a smaller tube 5
reaching nearly to its bottom, the upper extremity of the smaller tube
being turned at right angles into the nipple of the larger tube. The
large perpendicular tube connects at its upper extremity with a blowing
apparatus, which being put in operation forces the fluid contained in the
larger tube up the smaller one and discharges it in the form of spray 1
into the cylinder. The piston is provided with suction valves through
which the atmospheric air mingles with the dispelled fluid, and the
explosive mixture is thereby effected.
-
.
An electro-magnet or other electro-motor is provided having a con-
ducting wire communicating with the bottom of the cylinder, and 1
another communicating with an ignitor at the side of the cylinder. At
the moment the piston by its movement opens the ignitor an electric
spark is brought suddenly in contact with the explosive mixture.
Instantly different combinations take place between the carburetted
hydrogen, and the oxygen of the air. Steam; carbonic acid, and other 2
secondary products are formed. From the great heat caused by these
chemical processes a considerable increase arises in the volume of the
gases formed, and the piston is driven back to the end of its stroke. By
means of the power acquired by the fly wheel the piston returns to its
point of departure taking with it every movable part of the apparatus. 2
The residue of the products of combustion escape through a valvo
operated by a cam on the rod of the motor.
This Invention is applicable to stationary, locomotive, and marine
engines
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR HOLEING COAL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kirkley Birkinshaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd July 1872.
I WILLIAM KIRKLEY BIRKINSHAW, of Derby, in the County of
Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR HOLEING COAL," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in a machine for giving motion to a horizontal
revolving disc or saw, and consists as follows:-An iron frame of any
dimensions sufficient to carry the machinery attached thereto, and placed
on wheels to travel on a tramway fixed or temporarily laid in front of
the face of coal intended to be worked. On the iron frame I fix a
cylinder fitted with a piston to be worked by steam or compressed air,
and which piston being attached to a connecting rod shall drive a crank
giving a rotatory motion to a shaft. To an axle I fix a disc or circular
saw of any circumference, the axle being either the shaft itself or con-
nected by frictional or toothed gearing with the shaft. The machine
when in motion shall shall drive the said disc or saw at a higher or lower

page_text: speed as may be regulated. The whole of the machinery or the
bearings of the shaft or axle of the said saw only shall be attached
to traversing gear as may bé considered most desirable, and such
traversing gear may be moved by hand or by gearing connected with
other working parts of the machine so as to bring into contact the saw
with the face of the coal, and regulate the pressure and cut of the said
saw into the coal.
If found necessary the stability of the machine when in work shall
be secured by struts from the frame up to the roof of the working, or by
screws, props, wedges, or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING VELVETS and VELVETEENS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Cooper, of the Firm of Cooper,
Wright, and Shaw, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer and Finisher, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINISHING VELVETS and VELVETEENS."
Sealed the 30th April 1872, and dated the 11th March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Cooper at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th March 1872.
I, FREDERICK COOPER, of the Firm of Cooper, Wright, and Shaw,
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer and Finisher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FINISHING VELVETS AND VELVETEENS," to be as follows:-
These improvements are designed for the purpose of imparting to
velvets known as cotton velvets, velveteens, Patent cotton velvets, and

page_text: superfine Patent cotton velvets a dress and finish in imitation of silk
union velvets, that is to say, velvets made with a cotton back.
The Invention consists principally in applying stiffening matter to
the back of such velvet or velveteen and then finishing the face in
such a way that the pile is perfectly laid or flat instead of its being
brushed up or otherwise raised, as ordinarily practised with velvets of
this class, and by these combined means I produce a velvet having a
close imitation both in "feel" and appearance to silk union velvets
at a much lower cost.
The material employed for stiffening the back of the velvet may be
gum substitute, or British gum, or farina, gum arabic, gum tragacanth,
or size, whether made from bones or other animal substance, or shellac,
gum acacia, or Australian gum, gum senegal, gum sandarac, or any
other gum, resin, or starch, or stiffening matter or mixture whether
dissolved in methylated spirits, spirits of wine, or water, but I prefer
to use shellac dissolved in methylated spirits.
The imitation of the silk finish on the surface is then produced by
passing the velvet several times through a finishing machine or ironing
machine, as used for silk velvet, or by means of logwood pegs on finish-
ing tables by hand, and leaving the pile perfectly flat or laid after this
process instead of raising the pile by brushing or otherwise, as hitherto
practised with such velvets or velveteens.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING PARALLEL MOTION, AND OF CONVERTING CURVILINEAR INTO DIRECT RECTILINEAR MOTION
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Kaulbach, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th March 1872.
I, EDWARD KAULBACH, Messieurs Davis and Son, Campbell, and
Company, of 17, Warwick Street, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
PARALLEL MOTION, AND OF CONVERTING CURVILINEAR INTO DIRECT RECTILINEAR
MOTION," to be as follows:-
:—
L, L', Fig. I., represents a beam or lever made of any suitable material,
which need not necessarily be of the precise form shewn in the Drawing,
with the exception of the fork at the extremity L', which is indispensable.
The outer edges of the two prongs or claws of the said fork work
between two friction rollers R, R, attached to the rod unto which it is
intended to impart direct parallel motion, or by means of which motion
of any kind is to be communicated at the opposite extremity of the said
lever, and take the form of a new curve c c, c c, discovered by me, which
I have named the "Nautilidoid," and which possesses this remarkable
property, that at whatever angle the aforesaid beam or lever may be

page_text: 'inclined above or below the horizontal line A B, up to nearly ninety
degrees, any parallel lines m, m, m³, m³, that may be drawn at right
angles with the vertical line CD, will always be tangental to the said
curve cc, c¹c¹, c" c", at their point of intersection with the said vertical
line CD. The said curve is obtained in the following manner, and is
governed by the radius of the circle in which the aforesaid lever or beam
oscillates From the centre O, Fig II., draw any number of radii, the
greater their number the greater will be the accuracy of the curve,
and from their points of contact c, C₁, C₁, with the circumference draw
perpendiculars which will necessarily be tangents at the several
said points c, C₁, Co. Upon these said tangents measure off the dis-
tances c M, c, M₁, c, M., equal respectively to Ac, Mc₁, Mc₂, and so on;
a series of points M, M,, M., will thus be obtained through which the
required curve is to be traced. The distance between the friction rollers
must be equal to the greatest tangent.
What therefore I claim as my Invention is, the discovery and use
of the aforesaid particular curve without restriction of the numerous
mechanical purposes for which it may be employed, and the means
of carrying out the same. The advantages of the above Invention
diminution
are, 1, great saving of power; 2, avoidance of strain; 3,
of friction.
AN IMPROVED DRYING APPARATUS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1872.
I, ARNOLD THOMAS, of Cinderford, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED DRYING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
-
My improved apparatus is constructed and acts as follows:-A
vertical shaft carrying circular shelves (herein-after described) is
mounted axially in a cylindrical case set vertically, and revolves in
bearings in the top and bottom of the said case, being driven by
any suitable means. The aforesaid shelves are of a conical form and
are fixed one above the other at suitable intervals upon the shaft, each
alternate conical shelf being fixed in an inverted position and being of
greater diameter than the shelf next above or below it. Each inverted
shelf has at its centre an aperture for the passage of the substance being
dried, and is affixed to the shaft by means of brackets. Scrapers are or
may be applied to the shelves to assist the passage of the substance
being dried from one shelf to another, and to prevent such substance

page_text: from accumulating upon the said shelves, the said scrapers being fixed
at such an angle as to direct such substance towards the apertures in
the inverted shelves, and towards the peripheries of the intermediate
shelves.
the inverted shelves, and towards the peripheries of the intermediate
shelves.
Manholes are made in the case to give access to the shelves and
scrapers.
A current of air, either hot or cold, is drawn or forced either down-
ward or upward (but preferably the former) through the cylinder by any
suitable means.
The exterior of the case may be heated by means of a steam jacket
or otherwise in order to prevent steam from condensing on the inside of
the said case, or where the exterior of the said casc is not heated a
channel or spout may be formed at the lower part thereof to carry off
any water of condensation.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The substance to be dried 1
enters by the upper hopper and descends by gravity on to the first shelf,
thence over its periphery to the second shelf (which is inverted), thence
through the aperture in such shelf to the next shelf, and so on through
the series of shelves, and passes out through the lower hopper, having
during its passage been fully exposed to the action of the current of air 2
passing through the case.
My improved apparatus is especially applicable to the drying of
sewage precipitates, but is also applicable to the drying of all such
substances as will descend from shelf to shelf either by their own
gravity or with the assistance of scrapers, as herein-before described.
2
AN IMPROVED BEZIQUE,, WHIST, AND CRIBBAGE MARKER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Arthur Goodall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th September 1872.
I, HENRY ARTHUR GOODALL, of Bartlett's Buildings, Holborn, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BEZIQUE,, WHIST, AND CRIBBAGE MARKER," to
be as follows :-
:-
This Invention is designed for registering the numbers scored in the
games of bezique, whist, and cribbage so that the indices or pointers used
to denote the numbers scored may not be put back or displaced so as to
register a less number than is actually obtained or scored, and it consists
of several dials and pointers arranged upon the upper surface of a box
or case, the dials being numbered and divided decimally or in decimal
divisions for the registering of units and tens in cribbage, tens, hundreds,
and thousands in bezique, or for single, double, and treble, and inter-
mediate scorings in whist.

page_text: and under the surface of the box or case is a ten-toothed wheel and a
hand or lever arm, the ten-toothed wheel being "stopped forward" by a
spring catch for registering tens or hundreds; a second index consisting
of a dial plate, and a second ten-toothed wheel is pivoted to the inside of
the box or case, the numbers marked on the dial plate shewing through
a slot or perforation in the surface of the said box or case.
'As the units or tens index or pointers is moved over the surface of its
dial the hand or lever arm before described as being on the pivot pin
thereof.is brought at each revolution in contact with one of the teeth of
the second ten-toothed wheel mounted on the pivot of the dial plate for
registering tens or hundreds, and moving said ten-toothed wheel one-
tenth of a revolution and displaying the next decimal division of the
dial plate through the slot or perforation in the surface of the said
box or case.
The same arrangement may be applied to a third dial plate for
registering "thousands" in bezique, all the dials or indices being actuated
by the movement of the index or pointer which is moved over the units
or tens dial, and is stopped forward by the spring catch which takes into
the ten toothed wheel on the pivot pin of the said index or pointer as
before described, thus preventing the indices from being put back and
the score from being tampered with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF GLAZE OR COATING SUITABLE FOR COVERING STONE, EARTHENWARE, PLASTER, FURNITURE, AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1872

page_text: L
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thwaites, Eugéne
Fondeville, and George Bertin at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents with their Petition, on the 2nd July 1872.
We, WILLIAM THWAITES, of Cromwell Road, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, and EUGÈNE FONDEVILLE and GEORGE BERTIN, both of
Gaisford Street, Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF GLAZE OR COATING SUITABLE FOR COVERING STONE, EARTHENWARE,
PLASTER, FURNITURE, AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preparation of glaze or coating by which
stone, earthenware, plaster, articles of furniture, and ornaments can be
covered to give them the appearance of vitrified, enamelled, or glazed
goods.
We take, say, plaster slabs or bodies and heat them in a furnace
to about 40° Centigrade, and then immerse or float them once or twice
in a bath composed of /ths of essence of therebentine, and th steario
acid, drying the surface after each immersion or floatation; we then coat

page_text: the surfaces so acted upon with a composition composed of sandarach
11th therebentine of Venice th, sulphate of lime ths, white
ceruse 16ths, benzoline 11th, and essence of therebentine 10ths. The
articles are then immersed or floated in a bath composed of ths
essence of turps, and ths of stearic acid, in order to isolate the first
coating and to give it an unalterable resistance, the immersion being
continued until a complete glaze is formed.
•
In coating paper, pasteboard, and other surfaces of a similar character,
we employ a compound composed of 1 part sulphate of lime, 2 parts
ceruse, 3 parts stearic acid, and 2 parts essence of therebentine. The 1
paper or other body may have more than one coating of this compound,
in lieu of the isolated plaster coatings described in the previous process,
the paper or other body can then be glazed by the addition, by a brush
or otherwise, of a coating of silicate of potash.
For coating or glazing furniture we use the same compound as for 1
paper, only with the addition of a moiety of water to the silicate bath,
the prepared surfaces being afterwards coated with a solution composed
of 8 parts distilled water and 2 parts of alcohol of wood. If varnished
surfaces are being acted upon we employ a solution of 8 parts water,
and 5 parts alcohol of wood.
We reserve the right to modify the component parts of the ingredients,
and to vary the processes according to the nature of the substance or
body under operation.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, KITCHEN RANGES, KITCHENERS, AND FIRE-GRATES OF VARIOUS KINDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Bult Verrier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th November 1872.
I, ALFRED BULT VERRIER, of Bridport, in the County of Dorset,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, KITCHEN RANGES, KITCHENERS, AND FIRE-GRATES OF
VARIOUS KINDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the formation of stoves, kitchen ranges,
kitcheners, and other fire-grates applicable to heating, warming, cooking,
or otherwise. The stove or fire-grate I shall construct with openings in
connexion with a chamber or exhaust box at the front sides and back,
also at the bottom and top of stove, range, kitchener, or other kinds of
fire-grates used for heating, warming, and ventilating the rooms or
apartments of dwelling and other houses.
The materials I prefer to use in forming the said chambers and
openings I shall make of Stourbridge clay, bricks, tubes, or slabs made
of the same material, and shall also introduce pipe clay moulded into
the shape required, although I shall use cast or wrought iron for the

page_text: exhaust boxes, chambers, gratings, tubes or pipes, and sometimes
zinc, tin, or other suitable material for conducting the heated air, as also
for ventilation.
•
The exhaust box or chamber before named I shall make either
round, oval, square, or other shape; the said chamber or exhaust box is
fitted with an air pipe and when in position is made nearly to fit the
internal part of the chamber, one end of the said air pipe is inserted
in the exhaust box or chamber at the back or side of stove, range, or
other fire-grate, while the other end of the air pipe communicates with
the chimney and will not in any way obstruct or impede the sweeping
of the said chimney.
The said inlets and outlets or openings before made reference to I
shall in some stoves or fire-grates make the openings at the top and
also at the bottom of the said stove or fire-grate for the purpose of
distributing the heated air into the said room or apartment, thereby :
warming the lower part, and the openings above the stove or fire-grate
will serve as ventilators for carrying off the impure air which may
accumulate in the upper part of the said room; and by means of a valve
fixed at the back or some other convenient part of the stove or fire-grate
I shall hang the valve on a centre pin or hinge for regulating the
quantity of atmospheric air to the fire for the more effectually con-
suming the gases thrown off from the coals, thereby utilizing nearly the
whole of the fuel for heating and warming the rooms of dwelling or
other houses.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING COAL, CORN, OR OTHER COMMODITIES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dorrell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1872.
I, JOHN DORRELL, of Westbourne Park, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING COAL, CORN, OR OTHER COMMODITIES," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to the construction and employment of a
portable receptacle or apparatus for holding coal or other dry goods
applicable to household and other purposes, by the arrangement of which
greater capacity with additional facilities for receiving and distributing
the contents is obtained, and consists of a case or box of any convenient
shape or design (supported on casters), to the upper portion of which a
lid or cover is fitted so as to form a closed hopper for receiving the coal
or other articles at the top and admit of their being taken out from
beneath the same through the medium of an opening in the front of the
box, which is also provided with a flap or door and a scoop or shovel for
removing the articles as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS FOR THE SAFE KEEPING OF DEEDS AND OTHER SECURITIES OR VALUABLE PROPERTY
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cottam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1872.
I, EDWARD COTTAM, of Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS FOR THE SAFE KEEPING OF DEEDS AND OTHER
SECURITIES OR VALUABLE PROPERTY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to buildings intended to contain numerous
safes for the custody and preservation from fire of records, deeds,
securities, and other valuable property. These buildings require to be of
great strength on account of the enormous weight of the safes and their
contents, and the several floors have heretofore been supported by strong
columns or stanchions and girders; these columns and girders occupy
much space which is not otherwise utilized.
Now the object of my Invention is to utilize this space and at the
same time effect economy in the combined cost of the buildings and
safes.

page_text: My Invention consists in constructing the supports for the floors of
superposed safes formed by preference of plates bolted together or other-
wise secured; these supports of superposed safes may be carried from
bottom to top of the building if desired; the area on each floor hitherto
occupied by the columns or supports is thus utilized.
My Invention further consists in making the girders of the building
so that they may be similarly utilized; this may be accomplished by
making the girder cellular, the longitudinal web of the girder forming
the back of two series of safes, while the sides of the safes at the same
time form stiffening pieces, to keep the web in true position. The spaces
on each floor between the supports of superposed safes and the cellular
girders may be filled up with other safes so as to constitute cellular
walls of safes with suitable passages or ways between them. Some of
the supports of superposed safes may form portions of the exterior of the
building.