IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FORMING VENTILATORS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Gammon, of Cloak Lane, City of London,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF FORMING
VENTILATORS."
Sealed the 5th September 1861, and dated the 14th March 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Gammon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1861.
I, CHARLES GAMMON, of Cloak Lane, City of London, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF FORMING VENTILATORS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a particular form of ventilator which I propose to
use for ventilating rooms, buildings, carriages, or any close compartments.
I propose to apply it either by letting it into the frame of a window, or a door,
or a partition, or floor, or ceiling, or wall, according to the nature of the
building to be ventilated. It consists of a box or casing of wood or metal,
preferably zinc, the outer side of which is perforated with small apertures;
the inner side is divided into a series of rectangular or other regular shaped
spaces, every alternate one being perforated; the edges of the face are turned
over so as to form guides or grooves within which a cover slides which is
divided into spaces similar to the face upon which it slides, having one portion
not perforated, the other either perforated or entirely removed. When the
slide is drawn back the cut out portions of its face coincide with the perforated
[Price 8d.]

page_text: portions on the side below it, when moved in the opposite direction the per-
forated portions are covered by the non-perforated portions of the slide. The
slide may be moved backward and forward by any means, but I prefer when
it is not large to fix it upon a swivel or rotating lever fixed to the inner face
by means of studs moving in slots in the said face and attached to the slide;
the backward and forward motion is obtained by the rotation of the lever.
In some cases in order still more to subdivide the currents of air in their
passage from the outer face to the inner face of the ventilator, I insert a
number of diagonal partitions stretching between the two sides. The top side
forms a lid on hinges by which access is had to the interior. In other cases
the slide may be omitted, and in like manner the diagonal partitions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Gammon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th September 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
GAMMON, of Cloak Lane, City of London. Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of March. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Gammon, Her special licence that 1, the said Charles Gammon,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I. the said
Charles Gammon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF FORMING VENTILATORS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Gammon, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Gammon, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to a particular form of ventilator which I propose to
use for ventilating rooms, chambers, buildings, carriages, or other close com-
partments, and consists of a box or case composed of any suitable material,
preferably of zinc; the outer side or face of this box is perforated with small
apertures, or formed of wire or network. The inner side or face is divided
into a series of rectangular or other shaped spaces, each alternate one being
perforated or of open network; the edges of this face are turned over so as to
form guides or grooves within which a cover or shutter slides; this cover is
divided into spaces similar to those upon the face upon which it slides: each
of the alternate spaces upon the face of the slide is either perforated or entirely
cut away, the other spaces remaining uncut or non-perforated. When the
slide is drawn back the cut out portions of the slide coincide with the perforated
or open network portions of the face below; when pushed in the opposite
direction the perforated or open network spaces of the face are covered by the
non-perforated spaces on the slide. The mode in which I propose to apply
my ventilator will depend upon the particular nature of the chamber to be
ventilated; it may be let into the frame of a window, or the bar of a sash, or
in a door, or partition, or ceiling, or wall, or floor, as most convenient. The
slide may be made to act by any well known mechanical arrangement, but
when the ventilator is not large I prefer to fix it upon a swivel or rotating
lever fixed to the inner face; attached to this lever are studs or rings which
move in segmental grooves or slots in the said face, so that by causing the
lever to rotate the slide is carried backwards and forewards so as to uncover or
cover the perforated or open network spaces on the inner face. In order more
completely to subdivide the currents of air, more particularly those from the
exterior, I introduce within the said box one or more partitions arranged
either diagonally or longitudinally, and composed either of perforated zinc or
open network similar to the exterior face; the effect of introducing these
partitions is such that the currents of air flowing into a compartment become
so completely subdivided that all danger from draughts is avoided. The upper
face of the box I form with hinges so that easy access may be had to the
interior. In some cases when it is not necessary to have the slide I omit it,
in other cases the diagonal or longitudinal partitions may be omitted.
In order more fully to illustrate the nature of my Invention, and shew how
he same is constructed and acts, I have to this Specification appended the
ccompanying Drawings, which are intended, however, only to shew the general
rinciples of construction adopted by me in forming my ventilators, modifica-

page_text: Figure 1 is a front elevation of the ventilator shewing the slide closed, that
is, the ventilating spaces on the inner face of the ventilator covered by the
non-perforated spaces of the slide; Figure 2 is a similar elevation with the
slide drawn back and the ventilating spaces open. A, A, is the inner face of
the ventilator; B, B, the slide; a, a. the blank or non-perforated spaces;
b, b, the perforated or ventilating spaces of the box or ventilator; a', a¹, the
covering spaces of the slide; b¹, b', the open spaces of the same. Figure 3 is
a back elevation of the box or ventilator; Figure 4 is a top view, the cover or
lid being open; Figure 5 is an end view; Figure 6 is an end section, the
cover or lid partly open. c is the rotating lever turning in the grooves or
slots d, d, and having the studs e, e, fixed to it; f. f. the grooves or slots
formed by turning up the sides, and within which the slide or shutter moves;
9. g. are two small pullies introduced for the purpose of actuating the slide,
the cord being attached to the upper stud a. passes over the friction pullies-g,
and by pulling one or other of its ends the slide is made to move backwards
and forewards, thus covering or uncovering the perforated spaces; the pulley g
may be brought nearer hand or removed further away so that the end may be
carried to the one side of a window, or it may drop straight down from the
end of the ventilator, as shewn by the dotted cords and pullies, the cords are
shewn broken off; when the pulley is removed to the one side the arrangement
for opening or shutting may be placed either at the right or left hand side of
the ventilator. D (Fig. 3) is the perforated outer face shewn broken off;
E (Fig. 4) the lid hinged on the back face: m, m, diagonal partitions;
n, n. transverse partitions formed of perforated zinc..
If now the ventilator be fixed or let into a window frame, ceiling. or wall,
when the spaces are closed by the slide or shutter, as in Figure 1, no air will
be admitted, but by drawing the one end of the cord the stud e will move
along the slot and carry with it the slide B, and the perforated spaces of the
ventilator will be uncovered, as in Figure 2; the partitions m, n, may be
substituted by longitudinal ones if required; moreover, the slide may be made
to traverse by any well known mechanical means, and the friction pullies g, g,
may be substituted by a single wheel on the axle of the lever, or a bell crank
may be introduced in place of the slots, studs, and lever.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and how the same is
constructed, and acts, and is applied, I wish it understood that I do not claim

page_text: as new or my Invention the slide or shutter for opening and closing the
ventilating spaces separate and apart from the other portions of the within-
described ventilator, as this has heretofore been suggested and applied, neither
do I claim the use of the slide with a single diaphragm or face having its
surface wholly or partly perforated, as this also has been used; but what I do
claim as new, and wish secured to me by the before in part recited Letters
Patent, is,
1st, the use and application of a box ventilator, its outer face wholly per-
forated or of open network, and the inner one partly so, and the latter so
arranged as to be opened and closed by means of a slide or shutter passing
over the perforated or ventilating spaces in it, by the means and in the manner
substantially as here-within set forth, and more fully illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
2d, I claim the use and application of a ventilator as described in the
aforesaid claim, but having in addition perforated diaphragms or open network
partitions or portions arranged either longitudinally or diagonally within the
box, for the purpose of more fully subdividing the currents of air, substantially
as herewithin set forth and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
3d, I claim the use and application of a ventilator similar to those described
in both the preceding claims, save that the slide may be omitted and the
partitions either retained or not, substantially as herewithin described and
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Gammon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.