A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROASTING JACKS
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
SILVER SHAW, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Pawnbroker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of June, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Silver Shaw, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Thomas Silver Shaw,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Silver
Shaw, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ROASTING JACKS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I
the said Thomas Silver Shaw, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed;
to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said; in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto bad,
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Silver Shaw, do hereby declare
that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is
to be performed, are ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had unto the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
that the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is
to be performed, are ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had unto the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
My Invention consists of,-
Firstly, a new or improved method of producing a reciprocating or alter-
nating motion in roasting jacks.
Secondly, of a new or improved roasting jack, having a continuous rotatory
motion.
Thirdly, of an improvement applicable to roasting jacks generally, as herein-
after described.
Figure 1 represents in elevation, and Figure 2 in plan, my new or improved
method of producing a reciprocating or alternating motion in roasting jacks.
The upper part of the jack (that is to say, the parts marked a, b, in Figure 1)
are removed in Figure 2; c is the coiled spring, the elasticity of which is the
moving force in the jack. This spring consists of a strip of steel coiled in
the usual manner, and situated horizontally on the bottom plate d of the
jack. One end of the spring c, that is to say, the end exterior to the
coil, is attached to the ring or spring box c, and the latter (that is to
say, the spring box e) is fixed to the bottom plate d of the jack. The
other end of the said spring, that is to say, the interior end of the coil, is
fixed to a hollow axis f, shown partly in dotted lines. A ratchet wheel g is
fixed on the upper end of the said hollow axis f, and on the lower end of the
said axis, and external to the jack, is fixed the handle or thumb plate h, by
which the spring is wound up. The axis f is supported by and works in
bearings at and j, one of the said bearings being in the bottom plate d of
the jack, and the other in the strap or cross piece k. This strap or cross
piece k is attached to the bottom plate of the jack; is a wheel, the periphery
of which is furnished with teeth of the form shown. This wheel works on
the hollow axis f, and a spring m attached to one of the arms or radii of the
wheel presses on the click m', and causes it to engage in the ratchet wheel g,
connected with the spring c; o, p, are two vertical axes, supported by and
working in bearings in the upper and lower plates b, d, of the case of the.
jack. These axes carry pinions q, r, near their lower ends, which pinions
engage in one another. Near the middle of each of the said axes, and imme-.
diately opposite the periphery of the wheel 1, the pallets s, t, are fixed, which
pallets engage in the teeth of the wheel I, as herein-after described. The
vertical axis o carries near its upper end a quadrant u, the toothed edge of

page_text: which engages in the leaves of a pinion v.
The axis of this pinion is sup-
ported by silk or thread, the said silk or thread being attached to the upper
end of the tube or pipe a; the axis of the pinion v passes down the hollow
axis f, and is there connected with the piece w and spring x, which said piece.
and spring resemble those used in the ordinary bottle jack.
2
The action of the several parts of my new or improved jack is as follows:-
The spring c is coiled or wound up by means of the handle or thumb plate h,
the teeth of the ratchet wheel g escaping under the click m' attached to the
wheel, in consequence of the direction of the motion. The spring c acting.
through the ratchet wheel 9 and click m', determines the rotation of the.
wheel I, and the teeth of the said wheel 7 act on the pallets s, t, in the following
manner:-When the pallets (see the separate view Figure 3) is in the
position represented, the tooth 1 of the wheel presses against the said pallet:
and determines its partial rotation and that of the axis on which it is fixed.
When the pallets in the position represented, the pallet t is also in the posi-.
tion represented. By the motion of the wheel the tooth 1 escapes from the
pallets, and the tooth 2 falls against the pallet t. The said pallett now moves!
in the direction of the rotation of the wheel 7, that is to say, approaches the posi-
tion t', and at the same time the pallet s assumes the position s'. Immediately:
the tooth 2 escapes from the pallet t the tooth 3 falls against the pallets, and
the series of motions described is repeated until, by the rotation of the wheel l,
and the uncoiling of the spring c, the elastic force of the said spring is.
exhausted. It is scarcely necessary to remark that each of the said pallets s, t;
moves in the manner described (when not acted on immediately by the wheel/)
in consequence of the leaves of the pinions q, r, on the axes of the said
pallets gearing into one another in the manner herein-before described. The
alternating motion of the pallets s, t, occasions an alternating motion in the
quadrant u, fixed on the upper part of the axis o (see Figures 1 and 2), and.
the teeth on the said quadrant engaging in the leaves of the pinion v, determine
an alternating rotatory motion in the said pinion and its axis v', from which
the matter to be moved is hung. Instead of making the quadrant u, Figures.
1 and 2, communicate directly with the pinion von the axis v', I sometimes.
introduce a toothed wheel and pinion between the said quadrant and pinion v,
as represented in the Sketch, Figure 4, in which Figure u represents the
quadrant 4, a pinion in which the said quadrant engages, and 5 a toothed
wheel on the same axis as the pinion 4, which said toothed wheel engages
the pinion von the axis v. By the introduction of the wheel 5 and pinion 4
the axis is made to perform a greater number of rotations before changing
the direction of its motion.
in
:

page_text: Figure 5 represents in elevation, and Figure 6 in plan, my new or improved
roasting jack, having a continuous rotatory motion. In Figure 6 the top
plate of the jack is removed. 6 is the coiled spring, one end of which is,
attached to the spring box 7; the other end, is connected with the axis 8;
9 is a thumb plate or key, by which the axis 8 is turned, and the spring 6
wound up; 10 is a ratchet wheel fixed on the axis 8; and 11 is a toothed
wheel working loosely on the said axis 8. A click 12 on the wheel 11
engages in the teeth of the ratchet wheel 10, and communicates motion to
the said wheel 11. The wheel 11 engages in the pinion 13, and the wheel 14,
on the axis of the said pinion 13, engages in the pinion 15 on the axis 16; a
wheel on the axis 16 engages in a pinion on the axis 17. This axis is
situated in the centre of the jack, and the matter to be turned is suspended.
therefrom. The axis 17 is supported in the following manner:-18 is a cup
fixed on the bottom of the jack; the axis 17 passes through an opening in the
said cup. A similar cup 19 is attached to the axis 17 in an inverted position.
20, 21, 22, are three rollers, one only of which is seen in Figure 5, the posi-
tions of the others being indicated by dotted lines. The said rollers work
between the cups 18, 19, and prevent the friction which would be occasioned
if the axis 17. were supported by a shoulder thereon bearing against the
bottom plate a. A wheel 23 on the axis 17 engages in a pinion on the axis
24, and a wheel 25 on the said axis 24 engages in the pinion 26 on the.
axis 27. From the upper part of the axis 27 the two arms 28, 29, are sus-.
pended by joints 30, 31. The lower ends of these arms carry weights 32,
and the upper ends of the said arms are furnished with shoulders 33, which
when the said arms 28, 29, are in the positions indicated by the dotted lines
press against the under surface of the top plate a", and by the friction
produced retard the motion of the axis and consequently the other parts of the:
machine. It is evident that the machine would soon run down if there were
no contrivance for checking its rapid motion. This retardation is effected by
the arms 28, 29. When the axis 27 rotates, the weights 32 tend to fly off in s
the direction of tangents to the circle they describe, and the arms 28, 29, .
assume the position of the dotted lines. The shoulders 33 in that position of
the arms are in contact with and rub against the under surface of the top.
plate a; the friction thus produced arrests the rapid motion of the machine..
The piece ao from which the matter to be turned is suspended is similar to that
of the common bottle jack. Instead of supporting the axis v',. Figures
1 and 2, by means of silk or thread, I sometimes support the said axis by means.
of rollers, as in the jack last described. The application of these rollers to.
the jack, Figures 1 and 2, is so obvious from the description and. repre-

page_text: sentation of their application to the jack, Figure 5, that I deem a particular.
description of the method of applying them unnecessary.
The jacks, Figures 1, 2, and 5 and 6, are prevented from running down
when not in use by the contrivance used in the common jack, that is to say,;
by the helical spring . This helical spring is fixed at its lower end to the
axis v¹ Fig. 1, and 17 Figure 5, and its upper end presses the piece w against
the bottom of the jack, as in Figure 5, or against the thumb plate h, Figure 1,
and the friction thereby produced prevents the motion of the axis. When
a weight is suspended from the piece w the spring x is compressed, and the
piece w descending the axis is free to move. A weight in the form of a wheel
is suspended from the piece w and produces the compression of the spring x.
One of my improvements in jacks consists in connecting the said weight or
wheel directly with the axis, that is to say, without the intervention of the
spring and the piece w. The said weight being thus always connected with
the axis the jack cannot run down quickly when the matter to be turned is
removed from it, as the inertia of the said weight or wheel prevents the rapid.
motion of the same. This last-described movement, that is to say, the con-
nection of a weight or wheel for regulating the motion of a jack directly with
the axis from which the matter to be turned is suspended, is applicable to the
common jack as well as to my improved jacks.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise method of carrying my Invention into effect
herein-before described, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my said Invention; but I claim exclusive right to,―
Firstly, the method of producing a reciprocating or alternating motion in
roasting jacks, herein-before described, and represented in the accompanying
Drawing; that is to say, by the action of the teeth of a wheel on two pallets
fixed on separate axes, and situated near the periphery and on the same side
of the said wheel, the axes of the said pallets being connected together by
pinions.
Secondly, the method of constructing a roasting jack having a continuous
rotatory motion, herein-before described, and represented in the accompanying
Drawing; that is to say, by regulating or retarding the motion of a train of
wheels by means of the regulator herein-before described, and represented in
the accompanying Drawing. Also the method herein-before described, and
represented in the accompanying Drawing, of supporting the axis of a jack by
means of rollers, whether the said roilers be applied to the jacks herein-before

page_text: described, and represented in the accompanying Drawing, or to any other kind
of jack.
Thirdly, the improvement in jacks herein-before last described, that is to
say, the connection of the weights or wheels of jacks directly with the axes of
the said jacks.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Silver Shaw, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
THOMAS SILVER (L.S.) SHAW.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Thomas Silver Shaw came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.