Improved Roofing Tile.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 4th June, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Roofing Tile.
I, WILHELM BORGOLTE, of. Hoxter, Westphalia, in the German Empire, Brick-
layer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
-
My invention relates to an improved roofing tile.
Quadrangular roofing tiles which engage by means of simple or double sockets
over one another, and whose upper corners are provided with water grooves, have a
great advantage in that they do not admit of either dirt, nor snow, nor rain
penetrating, and that the connections can be so arranged that the tiles are capable
of being a little displaced with regard to one another and of sliding over one
another to a certain extent without causing the joining to be impaired. The
moisture collecting in the slots or grooves is perfectly certain to be run off along
the upper surface of the tile.
The patterns hitherto in use of the said tiles still possess, however, various
serious drawbacks, 'firstly, they rest only with their uppermost edges upon the
roof, and their lower ends rest without any further support upon the tile beneath
them engaging by means of the projections and sockets. Consequently the whole.
weight of the tile rests almost exclusively on this point, and causes a complete or
tight closing. If now the air underneath the tiles be considerably warmer than
the outer air a regulation of the temperature can only take place if the difference
in pressure becomes so great that it raises the tile somewhat, but for this purpose a
very considerable difference in air pressure is necessary, moreover, the equalization.
of the air from the outside inwardly is altogether impossible. As the tile is only
supported at one corner and two opposite sides the whole surface lies hollow,
consequently it can very easily be broken by a storm wind acting diagonally
from above unless its size has been chosen too small for this. Further, these tiles
are only secured with projections to the laths at their uppermost edge, they are
consequently particularly easily broken loose, and the tile is liable to slip
down.
The underside of the roof in the present arrangement of tiles always displays
the undesirable stepped construction, and renders a special lining or pointing
necessary if the space under the roof is to be used as a room, but by this addition
the ventilation is rendered very difficult.
Another drawback consists in that the hitherto known quadrangular tiles are
only suitable for diagonal roofing, and that their size is a restricted one, because
it is only possible to increase it with injury to the solidity of the construction, as
large tiles are very easily broken by wind pressure.
The object of the present application consists of quadrangular tiles or plates of
an improved construction which can be utilized either diagonally or also
rectangularly, which have such a section, that their construction is possible even
in the very largest sizes. Such tiles possess all the advantages of the constructions
hitherto known without their drawbacks.

page_text: Figures 1 to 10 of the accompanying drawing illustrate three different con-
structional forms of the improved tile, and of these
Figures 1 to 4 shew the tile with a single rib and socket, and
Figures 5 to 8 with a double rib and socket.
Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a lighter construction only intended for diagonal
roofing which can be carried out either with single or double closure.
Figures 11 and 12 shew the tile in diagonal roofing viewed from below, and
also in section on line Y Y Figure 11.
Illustrating the three-fold support of each tile
Figure 1 shews a tile with single rib and socket connection viewed from
above.
Figure 2 is a section of the same on the line - Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a view from below of the same and
on
Figure 4 shews a section of the connection between two quadrangularly fixed
tiles. Two adjoining sides of the tile possess the continuous rib p to which
corresponds on the lower surface the two other sides the groove q.
In front of the rib is arranged above the groove n, corresponding to the
ribs on the lower side. The ribs and grooves have preferably a trapezoidal
section so that they make contact in the manner shewn in Figures 4 and 8.
Owing to the arrangement that the contact is not over the whole surface but
only along a line, the ventilation is rendered much more easy. The flat part e
of the upper tile rests upon the lower one and effects thereby a further closing
against the penetration of water or soot. The two opposite corners of the tile
are cut off in the manner shewn in the drawings.
In diagonal section the tiles shew the form of a wedge whereby is attained
that the underside of a roof thus tiled does not display the usual objectionable
space, but fits together in the manner illustrated in Figures 4, 8, and 12. Upon
the lower side are provided the projection h and two lumps which serve to
suspend the plate on the laths of the roof, the first in the case of diagonal, and the
latter in the case of parallel roofing.
In the constructional form with double grooves illustrated in Figures 5 to 8,
a portion of the surface e which is intended to rest upon the lower tile is removed,
and in place thereof is placed the second groover and rib t, and upon the upper
surface the rib o. At the point m a water collector is arranged which conducts
any moisture settling under the overlap to the upper surface of the tile.
The constructional form shewn in Figures 9 and 10 is devised for diagonal
roofing only, consequently the lumps are dispensed with. Moreover, in order
to economize the material and to render the tile lighter it is constructed of the
section shewn in Figures 9 and 10 which construction, however, still admits of
the tile resting at its middle part upon the whole surface of the roofing lath.
The wedge-shaped longitudinal section of the tile renders it possible for the
same to rest upon the roofing lath throughout its whole under surface without
making it necessary that the said lath must have any special shape, and moreover in
the case of diagonal roofing the middle part of the tile is also supported (see
Figures 11 and 12). The under part of such a roof forms a continuous flat
surface. The tiles are not only supported at their edges, but also in the middle,
they consequently rest on three supporting points, namely, twice directly upon
the lath, and once indirectly upon the neighbouring tile, consequently their
security is practically absolute.
The tiles may be constructed of any suitable material, and of any convenient
size.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improved roofing tile of quadrangular shape devised for diagonal and
for rectilinear roofing shoratorizail
1
41

page_text: section and having single or double grooves and ribs of trapezoidal section so inter-
locked that air spaces are formed therein, and that each separate tile has a three
fold support, its lower side having also three projections of which the corner pro-
jection is intended to support the plate in diagonal roofing, and the two side
projections in the case of rectilinear roofing.
2. The improved roofing tile such as set forth in Claim 1 for diagonal roofing in
which the conical reinforcement only extends to a little more than the middle
of the tile whereby the same is rendered lighter whilst continuing to rest upon the
middle lath substantially as described and shewn.
D
11 .
11000
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.