CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOWS, CASEMENTS, FOLDING SASHES, USUALLY CALLED FRENCH SASHES, AND DOORS, BY MEANS OF WHICH THE SAME ARE HUNG AND HINGED IN A MANNER ADAPTED MORE EFFECTUALLY TO EXCLUDE RAIN AND WIED, AND TO AFFORD & FREE CIRCULATION OF Am
Year: 1825

page_text: BOND
KNER'S SPE
CATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Jonк
LINNELL BOND, of Newman Street, Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex,
Architect, and JAMES TURNER, of Wells Street, Marylebone aforesaid, Carpenter
and Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Ninth day of March, in the sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Linnell Bond and James Turner, His especial licence that we, the said John
Linnell Bond and James Turner, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Linnell Bond and James Turner, our exors,
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOWS, CASEMENTS, FOLDING SASHES, USUALLY CALLED
FRENCH SASHES, AND DOORS, BY MEANS OF WHICH THE SAME ARE HUNG AND HINGED
IN A MANNER ADAPTED MORE EFFECTUALLY TO EXCLUDE RAIN AND WIED, AND TO
AFFORD & FREE CIRCULATION OF Am;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging us, the said John Linnell Bond and James
Turner, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and
to cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Linnell Bond and James Turner, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention to consist in such improvements in the manufacture of windows,
casements, folding sashes, usually called French sashes, and doors, as will
admit of their rising and falling in the same manner as ordinary sashes, and
as will also exclude the weather more effectually than such French sashes as
are now in use; and in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Turner, do hereby describe the manner in which we perform our said
improvements by the following description thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings annexed, and the Figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
And now, first, of those improvements which apply to the more effectually
keeping out the weather, which is performed by hanging the 'said Bashes or
doors in such manner as to admit of their being lifted up and pulled down
so as to pass over and drop into rabbits and grooves, as is herein-after inore
particularly described as follows, that is to say: In the Drawing marked A,
Fig. 1 represents the bottom of a French sash, turning on the loose pivot P,
instead of an ordinary hinge. This pivot P rests on and turns upon the short
arm of the lever L. This lever turns upon the centre M, and at the end of
the long arm N of this lever is hung the balance weight W, which is a little
less in weight than the sash. Bis a bead or moulding, behind which a sash
hung on this principle may drop, and thus the weather will be excluded, and
when it is required to open the sash it will only be necessary to raise it a little
by the ordinary knob handle, till it rises above the bead or moulding B, and
it will then open over it. This arrangement allows of the introduction
also of the tennant, shewn in Fig. 3 by the letter a, which rises into a rabbit
or mortice cut in the bottom of the sash when the sash is shut down, and
thus most effectually excludes the weather. This Figure shews a sectional
end view of Figure 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 shows the
manner in which I provide for the rise and fall of the lower sash with refe-
rence to the upper sash. It will be seen, by reference to this Figure, in which
C is the upper sash and D the lower one, that they are just so far apart as
the distance required for the lower sash to be raised to pass over the bead

page_text: and tennant; and in order to keep out the water from the opening I screw on
the two plates Hand K, one at the front and one at the back of the sash, and
one to the lower and one to the upper sash, as here shewn. It is obvious
that in order to admit of the rise and fall of the lower sash or door, the
upper binge op which it is hung should be a loose joint butt hinge,
The Drawing marked' B represents another made of raising the said sash,
which constitutes another of our said improvements. In this Drawing, Fig. 1,
A represents a box or case fixed to the lower corner of the back part of the
sash, into which a strong spiral spring is placed, resting on the plug P, which
is fixed to the bottom of the window sill. It is obvious from this arrangement
that the sash will always have a tendency to rise above the head B, and
will therefore always be ready to open, except when pressed down below the
Bead to the bottom of the sill, when the catch C drops into the notch D, and
Bolds the sash down till removed by the hand again, for the purpose of raising
the ash, The tennant at the bottom of the sill, and the rabbit, or mortice at
the bottom of the sash, are equally applicable to this improvement as to that
mentioned in Drawing marked A. Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1,
And now secondly of those improvements which apply to the raising and
pulling of the said French sashes, and which are detailed in the Drawing
marked C. These said last-named improvements consist in the application of
a tubular telescope hinge, instead of an ordinary hinge, to the said French sash,
by the use of which, and the fixing of the upper sash behind the lower one,
we are enabled to raise and depress either sash of such windows or doors aş
are called French at pleasure. Fig. 1 represents the upper and lower
extremity of the lower sash of a French window, and the whole of the upper
sash of a French window, the lower sash being broken off in the centre for
the convenience of introducing it on a smaller sheet of paper than could other-
wise have been done, In this Figure, A is the upper sash of half of what is
called a French window. This sash it will be seen ranges behind the lower
sash, and is therefore capable of being pushed down by being hung in the
ordinary way of hanging sashes with weights and pullies, at the same time
that this arrangement allows of a weight and pulley of a particular kind
being applied to the lower sash, as shewn in this Figure. B is a hollow tube
fixed to the upper part of the window frame, and C is another hollow tube
sliding in B, and fixed to the upper part of the lower sash. These tubes serve
for the upper hinge of the door, and it is evident that the sash will turn on
this sort of hinge at whatever height the inner tube may be pushed up into
the outer one. D is a cord passing down the tubes to the small pulley E,
and thence over the large pulley F to the balance weight G. By this arrange-

page_text: ment it will be seen that the lower sash may be raised or depressed to any
height within the length of the outer tube, and yet will turn freely to open or
shut doorways. H is a guide rod or bolt which must be used when the
foregoing arrangement is adopted, in order to keep the sash to its place at all
heights, and serve as a pintle for it to turn on. This base will be fixed to the
bottom of the lower sash, and will have a socket for it to pass through let into
the window sill through which it will pass, and will be of a length equal to the
extreme distance at which the sash can open. Fig. 2 is an end section of the
said bolt, shewing the application also of the tennant and rabbit or mortice
herein-before described. Fig. 8 is a plan of Fig. 1.
the
Now whereas I have been obliged in the Drawings annexed and in the
descriptions thereof, to name many parts which we do not claim as part
of our said improvements, be it therefore known that we do not claim privilege
to the rising and falling of the upper sash, which is performed in the ordinary
way, and only an advantage consequent on our said improvements, nor to the
tennant and rabbit or mortice, which are only advantages rendered available by
our said improvements, but that we only claim as our improvements the lever
L, M, N, and the bolt P, in the Drawing marked A, and their application to
purpose of excluding the weather as aforesaid, as also the spring marked A
and the catch marked C in the Drawing marked B, and their application to the
same purposes; and, lastly, the tubular or telescope hinge marked B, C, and the
peculiar arrangement of pulley adapted thereto, as also the bolt or pintle at the
bottom of the sash, for the purpose of allowing the lower and upper sashes of
French windows to rise and fall like the sashes of ordinary windows. And such
improvements as we have hereby claimed as our Invention being, to the best of
our knowledge and belief, entirely new, and never before used in that part of
His Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
His Dominion of Wales, nor Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, nor in any of
His said Majesty's Colonies or Plantations abroad, I do hereby declare this
to be my Specification of the said improvements, and that I do verily believe
this my said Specification doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve
or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent contained, wherefore we do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right
and privilege to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Turner, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Ninth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
JAMES (L.B.) TURNER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of May, in the year
of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid James Turner came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above written.
5 And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.