IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BEETLING FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, FOR DRIVING PILES, AND FOR STAMPING, BORING, CRUSHING, AND HAMMERING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Lowry, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR BEETLING FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, FOR DRIVING
PILES, AND FOR STAMPING, BORING, CRUSHING, AND HAMMERING ANIMAL,
VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Lowry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1874.
I, GEORGE LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR BEETLING FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, FOR DRIVING PILES,
AND FOR STAMPING, BORING, CRUSHING, AND HAMMERING ANIMAL, VEGETABLE, and
MINERAL SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improved machinery consists of one or a series of stampers made
of wood or metal, or of a combination of wood and metal. These
stampers are connected by chains, cords, or flat bands to one or a series

page_text: of wood or other friction discs, which are loose on an axle. Between
each of the said discs is a metal or other washer. The external washer
is keyed or forged on the axle, but all the other washers and the discs
can be moved endwise by means of a cam with one or more lifts in
each revolution on the axle, acting on a bowl in a lever or other
equivalents.
The axle is turned by steam or other power, and when the machine
is set to work the washers and discs are all pressed together by the cam
acting on the lever, and when the stamper or stampers have been raised
sufficiently high the cam acts on the lever, thereby taking the end
pressure off the discs and allowing the stamper or stampers to fall
with the force due to their weight, and the height to which they have
been lifted.
:
The descent of the stampers may be accelerated by springs.
In some cases two or more series of stampers may be united in one
machine, and the whole machine may be mounted on wheels, so that
it can be moved to distribute the blows of the stampers; or the machine
may be stationary and the articles to be operated upon may be
moved.
L
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Lowry in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st June 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Lowry, Her special
licence that I, the said George Lowry, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Lowry, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR BEETLING FABRICS OR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, FOR DRIVING
PILES, AND FOR STAMPING, BORING, CRUSHING, AND HAMMERING ANIMAL,
VEGETABLE, AND MINERAL SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Lowry, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Lowry, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
My Invention consists in raising the stampers of beetling machines
and the tups of pile drivers and other machines for stamping, boring,
crushing, and hammering animal, vegetable, and mineral substances by
means of friction discs or pulleys, and in regulating the force of the
blow by varying the height of the lift, or by springs, or compressed
air.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the two accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the Figures and letters
marked thereon.
On Sheet 1 Fig. 1 is a front view, and Fig. 2 an end view of a machine
for beetling fabrics or fibrous substances constructed according to my
Invention.
a, a, are beams of wood forming the table, on which the fabrics or
fibrous materials to be beetled are spread or laid; and b, b, are rails
secured to the said beams. c, c, are the frames supported by the
wheels d, d, which run on the rails b, b. The frames c, c, support the
axles e, e, which are turned round in the direction of the arrows in
Fig. 2 by the endless strap ƒ passing around pulleys on the counter-
shafts 9, 9, one of which is driven from the main gearing. h, h, are two

page_text: series of stampers of five and six, each made of wood or metal, or of a
combination of wood and metal. These stampers are connected by the
chains, cords, or flat bands i to a series of wood or other friction discs e¹,
which are loose on the axles e; and between each of the said discs is a
metal or other washer e³, which are carried round with the axle, but
capable of moving laterally upon it; the centre washer e on each axle
is keyed or forged on the axle, but all the other washers and the discs
can be moved endwise by means of the cams es³, one of which is placed
at each end of each axle. These cams are made with one or more
lifts or projections, and they act on the adjustable bowls ; or other
equivalents.
: When the machine is set to work the washers e² and discs e¹ are all
pressed together by the projections on the cams es acting on the bowls j,
thereby causing the washers e² and discs e¹ to revolve with the axle, and
winding the chains, cords, or flat bands i on to the said discs e¹, and 1
when the stampers have been raised sufficiently high the recess in the
cam e³ comes opposite the bowl j, thereby taking the end pressure off
the discs and allowing the stampers to fall with the force due to their
weight, and the height to which they have been lifted.
.
The whole machine can be moved to and fro on the rails 6 to distribute
the blows of the stampers evenly over the fabrics or fibrous substances
to be beetled in the following manner :-To one of the axles e is fixed a
pulley, which by means of a strap drives the pulley k, which revolves
on a stud fixed to the frame c. To the pulley k is cast or fixed the spur
wheel ¹ gearing into a similar wheel Z, which is fixed on the same :
shaft as the pinion m gearing into the mangle rack m². The shaft of
the mangle pinion m revolves in a radial arm m². The amount of to-and-
fro motion will depend upon the length of the mangle rack.
The to-and-fro motion may be obtained by a screw and nut or other
equivalents.
The machine above described, or a similar machine, may be used for
paving and for other purposes.
When my improved machinery for beetling is stationary the fabrics
to be beetled can be wound on a roller as usual, or the fabrics or fibrous
materials can be moved by hand or otherwise to distribute the blows of
the stampers.
Figs. 3 and 4 represent a front and side elevation of a pile driving
machine .constructed according to my Invention. The hammer head or

page_text: tup, which is not shewn in the Drawing, is supposed to be suspended at
the end of the rope or chain i after it has passed over a guide pulley.
The rope or chain i is coiled around the barrel e³, the ends of which are
provided with flanges to increase the friction of the washers e². One of
these washers is keyed on the axle e; and on the outside of the other
one projections or cams e³ are cast, and these cams are acted upon by
the bowl, which is mounted in the block j¹ fitting in a hole in the
standard c. The standard also supports the levers n and o, both of which
have inclined faces on their inner ends, which faces act on the sliding
block, and the lever o is provided with a roller o', under which the
rope or chain i passes before it is wound on the barrel c'. The conical
barrel e' at the end of the axle e is for the rope, by which the pile to be
driven is quickly elevated into its place.
The whole machine is mounted on the wheels d for the convenience
of transport, and the axle e receives its motion from the driving shaft g,
and the two pairs of bevel wheels and pinions shewn in the Drawing or
in any other convenient manner.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The Drawing shews the parts
in the positions they occupy when the machine is at rest. When the
attendant draws down the lever n the incline on its inner end acting on
the block j moves the bowl; towards the disc e², so that when the disc
revolves the cam e³ presses the discs against the flanges of the reel
barrel e¹, which is thus caused to revolve, and thereby lifts the tup or
hammer head. As soon as the cam e³ has passed beyond the bowl; (the
pressure being taken off the discs e³) the barrel e' is released, and the tup
or hammer head drops on to the end of the pile.
The height of the lift can be varied by winding the cord or chain i
more or less times round the barrel e¹. The instant the blow has been
delivered the slackness of the rope or chain i allows the lever o to drop,
and the incline on its inner end then brings the bowl j again into
position for acting on the cam e³, which is thus made to arrest the
momentum of the barrel e'.
On Sheet 2 Figs. 5 and 6 are two views of a power hammer con-
structed according to my Invention. In this case the hammer head h
is suspended to the flat band i, the upper end of which is secured to the
barrel e¹ loose on the axle e. This barrel is placed between the discs e²,
one of which is keyed fast on the axle e, and the other is connected to,

page_text: raising the hammer head
suspended to the band i is obtained by the
bowl, which is pressed against the band by means of the treadle q
connected by the link q' to the lever o. The band i after passing over
the barrel e' is taken down and secured to the spring ". By this
arrangement the height of the lift can be regulated by the attendant,
as the hammer will drop the moment he releases the treadle, the bowl j
being taken out of contact with the band i by the counterweight o¹ when
the treadle is released.
Figs. 12 and 13 represent part of a power hammer shewing how the
length of the lift can be varied without cams and levers as above
described. The hammer head his suspended to the rope or chain i,
which passes.over the revolving grooved pulley e¹. The other end of
the rope or chain i is secured to a swivel fitting in the fly wheel s, and
this swivel can be placed at any required distance from the axle of the
fly wheel to vary the height of the lift. The speed of the hammer can
also be varied according to the lift by the cone pulleys eº and s'. This
arrangement can be used for one regular lift.
The machines above described are also applicable for stamping and
crushing animal, vegetable, and mineral substances, and for striking
tools for boring rock and other substances.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described several
convenient modes of performing the same, I wish to remark that I do
not intend to limit myself to the details given, as they must be varied to
suit the particular purpose for which the machinery is intended to be
used, and I claim, the various improved modes of raising the stampers
of beetling machines, the tups or hammer heads of pile drivers and
power hammers, and other machines for stamping, boring, crushing, and
hammering, and for regulating the lift and force of blow of the same as
shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Lowry, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, One thousand