Improvements in Incandescent Electric Lamps and in the Method of Preparing and Carbonizing the Conductors of such Lamps.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 15th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 31st May, 1887.
Improvements in Incandescent Electric Lamps and in the Method of
Preparing and Carbonizing the Conductors of such Lamps.
I, PAUL WARD of Olga Villa Hurlingham lane Fulham in the County of Middlesex,
Electrician do hereby declare the nature of my Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment, in Incandescent Electric lamps, of a
continuous carbon conductor that is a conductor having no ends. Such continuous
carbon conductor may be of various forms or shapes such as a ring-band-disc
-a perforated or filagreed disc of circular form or other shapes.
My invention further consists in manufacturing carbon conductors for use in
Incandescent Electric lamps from Pure cellulose paper and also from what is known
as artificial parchment and also from suitable woven fabrics all of which when properly
treated and carbonized according to my invention are of suitable resistance for use as
conductors in incandescent electric lamps.
And further my invention consists in carbonizing the conductors of incandescent
lamps by means of a current of electricity sent through the material itself of which
the co nductors are composed.
In manufacturing an incandescent electric lamp according to my invention I
employ pure cellulose paper, and rub its surface by any suitable means with carbon
dust or plumbago, or I employ what is known as "artificial parchment" which has
been impregnated with a suitable percentage of carbon or plumbago dust during the
manufacture of the tissue of the paper or parchment itself and I may or may not
impregnate the above materials with some suitable liquid or dissolved hydrocarbon, or
I employ thin woven material such as (for instance) book muslin which may or may
not be treated as above mentioned or I may impregnate the paper or fabric with some
metallic salt for the purpose of substitution or in conjunction with the carbon or
plumbago.
By means of a punch, die, press or other suitable device, I form from the above
materials my continuous conductor either in the form of a ring-band, circular disc,
or other shape.

page_text: To the said continuous conductors I attach platinum (or other suitable metallic)
terminal wires by flattening the ends of such wires and forming the same into a loop
or as a spring so as to cause the same to properly grip the edges of the said continuous
conductor, or the terminal wires may be embedded between two or more layers of the
material of which the conductor is formed, and when this latter method of attaching
the terminal wires to the conductor is adopted it may be performed simultaneously
with the punching or pressing out of the conductor from the material of which it is
made.
I then seal my terminal wires and continuous conductor into a suitable glass globe
or bulb which is properly exhausted of air and filled with a gas containing carbon-
such as hydrocarbon, chloro-carbon-nitro carbon sulpho-carbon, gasses or vapours,
or the like and whilst the bulb contains such gas I pass a current of electricity of
suitable magnitude through the continuous conductor so as to gradually and suitably
carbonize it and when this has been satisfactorily effected I may or may not exhaust
the bulb of the gas-and I then seal off the bulb in the well known manner and the
lamp is ready for uso.
Instead of carbonizing my continuous conductor in the lamp itself as above described
I may carbonize the same (before attaching it to the terminal wires) in a suitable
vessel by means of a current of electricity passed through the conductor itself or by
means of external heat and I may or may not accomplish this in an atmosphere of
hydro or other carbon at a suitable pressure to aid the carbonization, and subsequently
attach the terminals to the continuous carbon conductor.
I may also make my continuous carbon conductor from suitably prepared carbon-
dust by pressure in a mould. It may also in some cases he necessary to "thicken-up"
the connections of the terminal wires with the continuous conductors by means of a
suitable paint.

page_text: Improvements in Incandescent Electric Lamps and in the Method of
Preparing and Carbonizing the Conductors of such Lamps.
I, PAUL WARD of Olga Villa, Hurlingham lane Fulham, in the County of
Middlesex, Electrician do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in the employment in Incandescent electric lamps of continuous
carbon conductors that is conductors having no ends.
Such continuous carbon conductors may be of various forms or shapes such as a
ring, band, disc, a perforated or filligrated disc and other shapes.
My invention further consists in manufacturing carbon conductors for use in
Incandescent Electric lamps from pure cellulose paper and also from what is known
"artificial parchment" and also from suitable woven fabrics all of which when
properly treated and carbonised according to my invention are of suitable resistance
for use as conductors in incandescent electric lamps.
as
And further my invention consists in carbonising the conductors of incandescent
lamps by nieans of a current of electricity sent through the material itself of which
the conductors are composed.
In manufacturing an incandescent electric lamp, according to my invention I employ
pure cellulose paper and rub its surface by any suitable means with carbon dust or
plumbago or I employ what is known as artificial parchment which has been impreg-
nated with a suitable percentage of carbon or plumbago dust during the manufacture
of the tissue of the paper or parchment itself or I may impregnate the cellulose
conductor with a soluble and vapourisable metallic chloride such as the chloride of
tin etc. for the purpose of rendering the cellulose semi-conducting and I may or may
not impregnate the above materials with some suitable liquid (or dissolved) hydrocarbon
or I employ thin woven material such as for instance book muslin which may or may
not be treated as above mentioned.
By means of a die, punch, press or other suitable device I form from the above
materials my continuous conductor either in the form of a ring, band, disc or other
shape.
To the said continuous conductors I attach platinum or other suitable metallic
terminal wires by flattening the ends of such wires and forming the same into a loop or
as a spring so as to cause the same to properly grip the edges of the said continuous
conductor or the terminal wires may be embedded between two or more layers of the
material of which the conductor is formed, and when this latter method of attaching
the terminal wires to the conductor is adopted it may be performed simultaneously
with the punching or pressing out of the conductor from the material of which it is
made.

page_text: I then seal my terminal wires and continuous conductor into a suitable glass bulb
exhausted of air and filled with a gas containing carbon such as hydro-carbon, chloro
carbon nitro-carbon sulpho-carbon gasses and the like and whilst the bulb contains
such gas I pass a current of electricity of suitable magnitude through the continuous
conductor so as to gradually and suitably carbonise it, (of course it will be understood
that I may where necessary cause a continuous current of the gas being employed to
traverse the glass bulb for the purpose of carrying away any tarry matter produced
by the destruction of the cellulose or other conductor) and when this has been satis-
factorily effected I may or may not exhaust the bulb of the gas and then seal off the
bulb in the well known manner and the lamp is ready for use.
Instead of carbonizing my continuous conductor in the lamp itself as above described
I may carbonise the same (before attaching it to the terminal wires) in a suitable
vessel by means of a current of electricity passed through the conductor itself or by
means of external heat and I may or may not accomplish this in an atmosphere of
hydro- or other carbon at a suitable pressure to aid the carbonization and subsequently
attach the terminals to the continuous carbon conductor.
I may also make my continuous carbon conductor from suitably prepared carbon-dust
by pressure in a mould. It may also in some cases be necessary to " thicken-up" the
connections of the terminal wires with the continuous conductors by means of a suitable
paint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
An electric incandescent lamp having a continuous carbon conductor and the car-
bonising of the said conductor by a current of electricity of suitable magnitude in the
manner substantially as set forth and described.