for Discharging. such Substances.
Year: 1885

page_text: for Discharging. such Substances.
We JAMES CASEY of 10 Philpot Lane in the City of London Consulting Marine
Engineer and HENRY FREDERICK SWAN of North Jesmond in the City and County
of Newcastle-on-Tyne Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of our Invention is to fit Navigable Vessels in such manner that they
may be adapted for the Conveyance of Sewage, sludge, or other refuse substances,
especially such of those substances as happen to have a lighter specific gravity than
sea water, or other water into which it is intended to discharge the same; we
therefore construct Vessels, propelled by steam, sails, or other means, or alter
existing navigable vessels, in such manner that they may be capable of fulfilling
the objects herein described.
We make the holds of such Vessels as above mentioned in such manner that they
may be hermetically sealed, and also of sufficient strength to bear with safety a
considerable internal pressure of air.
We prefer where practicable, to give the Vessel a considerable rise of floor, to
facilitate the expulsion of the Sewage; but where the draft of water is not
sufficient to admit of this, we make the bottoms of the sewage compartments
independent of the Vessels bottom, giving them a sufficient slope from the Vessels
sides downwards towards the centre line; at which point the openings will be
situated, through which, the Sewage will be expelled. The space between the
bottom of the Vessel and the bottom of the Sewage compartiments will be utilized
for carrying water ballast.
In a suitable positions we fit air compressors, worked on board the Vessels by
any suitable motive power, by means of which a considerable pressure of air can
be imparted to the upper surface of the substances contained in the holds or cargo
spaces with the object of expelling the same at will.
In the bottom or sides of the Vessels, under water, we provide suitable holes,
doorways, or other apertures, with valves, slides, or other appliances, for opening or
uncovering such apertures by connections and gearing fixed in suitable positions.

page_text: In the deck we provide suitable openings through which the Cargo compartments
can be filled and which are capable of being closed airtight when the filling
operation has been completed.
The vessel having been loaded is navigated to a suitable position for discharging
the Cargo, when the apertures above referred to being opened and a pressure of air
brought to bear on the surface of the Cargo, the latter is expelled through the
apertures above mentioned, which, being under water, ensure that the discharged
substances are disintegrated, and incorporated with the sea water to such an extent
as to render them quite innocuous, and this is the more completely attained by our
invention permitting the discharge to take place while the Vessel is under weigh.
Vessels constructed according to this invention are capable of being loaded with
such substances having a lighter specific gravity than sea water or other water
into which they are to be discharged; and to discharge the same below the surface
of the water; but such vessels are equally adapted to carry and discharge analagous
substances of greater specific gravity than water and may with advantage bo used
for such purpose.
And in order that our said invention may be particularly ascertained and
described reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings in which,
Fig. 1 represents the longitudinal section of a vessel shewing the various
compartments in which the Cargo is intended to be carried, and which are formed
by longitudinal and transverse bulkheads, the number of which may vary according
to particular circumstances.
Fig. 2 represents the Vessel in plan.
Figure 3 represents the transverse section of the same.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. a. a are the transverse
bulkheads forming compartments, b. b the deck on the top of the compartiments,
cc represent trunkways through which the compartments may be filled and
although the drawings shew merely one such trunkway common to two compart-
ments there may be one or more fitted to each compartment if preferred drepresents
the position of the Air Compressor which however may be fixed in any other
convenient position, and which by forcing air through the pipes e e (from which
branches are carried into each individual compartment) will expel the liquid Cargo
through the apertures f. fin the bottom of the vessel.
For opening the coverings of the apertures or valves, rods or other appliances
will be fitted and carried to the upper deck. g g represent flushing pipes which
may if desired be fitted to wash out the compartments after they have been emptied
of sewage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is
The construction and' use of navigable vessels, fitted with air tight sludge or
sewage cisterns or compartments and with air compressing apparatus, by means of
which the sludge or sewage may be taken out to sea and forcibly expelled under
water substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn on the Drawings.