IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF PORTABLE MANURE OR FERTILISING COMPOUND. AND IN THE COLLECTION OR EXTRACTION THEREFROM OF A CERTAIN LIQUID APPLIC ABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES. AND ALSO IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: County of Lancaster, Chymist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF PORTABLE MANURE OR FERTILISING COMPOUND.
AND IN THE COLLECTION OR EXTRACTION THEREFROM OF A CERTAIN LIQUID APPLIC
ABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES. AND ALSO IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREIN"
Scaled the 6th May 1862, and dated the 4th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bridge Standen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1862.
I, BRIDGE STANDEN, of Salford, near Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Chymist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF PORTABLE MANURE OR
FERTILISING COMPOUND, AND IN THE COLLECTION OR EXTRACTION THEREFROM OF A
CERTAIN LIQUID APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon the Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, dated July 1st 1859, No. 1567, the
object of which was the conversion of waste,excrementitious, and other like
matters, such as night soil and sewage, into a portable substance free from

page_text: offensive odour, and valuable as a manure, and also in the prevention of
noisome effluvia or exhalations from collections of such matter.
My present improvements consist, firstly, of extending and arranging a
complete system of machinery or apparatus for producing the said manure
or fertilising compound in large quantities.
And, secondly, of collecting a certain liquid by condensing the steam
arising from the process of manufacture, which I find to be very valuable, but
which I have hitherto allowed to escape.
I collect the excrementitious matters to be acted upon in suitable boxes
or vessels, which are placed in a covered van for conveyance to the works,
so as not to be exposed, or offensive. The said boxes or vessels with their
contents when removed from the van are hoisted to a second floor of the
works, or a raised platform, for the purpose of being emptied into store
tanks, a number of which are connected together by a pipe which leads to a
preparing or neutralizing tank,and conveyed from thence to a series of stills
fixed on the first floor, which can be put in operation either separately or
combined. Each of the said stills is provided with an agitator, and the con-
tents after distillation are removed by pipes to the evaporating pans on the
ground floor, from whence they are passed to mixing machines,for the pur-
pose of mixing the said contents with ashes prepared in the following man-
ner: The ashes and cinders being collected in as dry a state as possible
are hoisted to the second floor of the works, or to a raised platform, and
passed through a series of sieves, the fine dust thus collected is ready for use
The large cylinders are used for fuel, but the smaller ones are passed through
a spout into a mill, where they are ground to a fine powder, which is then
placed in a retort for the purpose of freeing it from deleterious gases, and
thus make it ready for use, which is then mixed with the dust collected
from the sieves and conducted to the mixing machines.
To collect the liquid, which forms the second part of my present improve-
inents. I pass the steam or vapour from the stills through a number of pipes
surrounded with cold water, thus condensing it into a liquid, which is collected
in suitable vats or vessels. This liquid is very valuable, and may be advan-
tageously employed for all purposes where grease has to be neutralized, and
is suitable for all cleansing and scouring purposes, mordanting purposes,
every department of the laundry, hair and sheep wash, clearing the colors of
printed goods, washing plants,irrigating land, exterminating insects upon the
hop plant, vine, and other fruit trees, and many other similar purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent, filed
by the said Bridge Standen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRIDGE
STANDEN, of Salford, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Chymist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Bridge Standen, Her special licence that I, the said Bridge Standen,
my executors, administrators, and assigns,or such others as 1,the said Bridge
Standen, my executors, administrators, and assigns,should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OR MANUFACTURE OF PORTABLE MANURE OR FERTILIZING COMPOUND AND IN
COLLECTION OR EXTRACTION THEREFROM OF A CERTAIN LIQUID APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS
PURPOSES, AND ALSO IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Bridge Standen, my
executors or adininistrators, by an instrument in writing under iny, or their,
or one of their hands and seals,should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and caused the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
THE
NOW KNOW YE, that I,the said Bridge Standen, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):—
This Invention relates to improvements upon the Patent granted to me,
and bearing date the First day of July One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-nine, number 1567, the object of which was the conversion of waste,
excrementitious, and other like matters, such as night soil and sewage, into
a portable substance, free from offensive odour, and valuable as a manure,
and also in the prevention of noisome effluvia or exhalations from collectious
of such matter.

page_text: My present improvements consist, first, of extending and arranging a
complete system of machinery or apparatus for producing the said manure
or fertilising compound in large quantities.
And, secondly, of collecting a certain liquid by condensing the steam
arising from the process of manufacture, which I find to be very valuable,
as it can be beneficially employed for a great number of purposes, but which
I have hitherto allowed to escape.
These improvements will be clearly understood by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the accompanying
three Sheets of Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2 are longitudinal and
transverse sections of the building, shewing the machinery and apparatus
contained therein; Fig. 3 represents a still and 'parts connected with it
drawn to about one and a half inches to the foot; and Fig. 1, a plan of
retorts for removing noxious gases from crushed cinders.
I collect the excrementitious matters to be acted upon in suitable boxes or
vessels, which are placed in a covered van for conveyance to the works, so as
not to be exposed or offensive. The said boxes or vessels with their contents
when removed from the van are hoisted by a hoist, part of which is shewn
at a, Fig. 1, to the second floor of the works, or a raised platform, for the
purpose of being emptied into store tanks b,a number of which are connected
together by pipes and cocks c. One of the end tanks has a pipe d, which
leads to a preparing or neutralizing tank e covered at the top, and having a
pipe leading to the flue and chimney for carrying off noxious gases. In
order to render the neutralized contents of the proper consistence for mixing
them with prepared ashes or other matters, they are conveyed from the tank
through the pipe g to the long pipe h, and from thence through vertical pipes
to a series of stills i on the first floor, which can be supplied either separately
or combined by means of pipes and cocks. One of the vertical pipes and
cocks are shown in Fig. 3, and also at k, l, Fig. 1, where part of the still is
removed, in order that they may be exposed. Each of the stills is provided
with an agitator, m, Fig. 3, fixed to the vertical shaft n, having at the top the
worm wheel o, Figs. 1 and 3, into which is geared, when motion is to be given
to the agitator, the worm p on the horizontal shaft q, to which revolving
motion is given from the steam engine or other motor. The stills are sur-
rounded by casings or jackets supplied with steam from the boilers s, Figs. 1
and 2, by the pipe (, and from the jackets the condensed water passes off
through the pipes u and pipe v, and is employed for feeding the boilers, or
other useful purpose. To the bottom of each still I attach a short pipe w
provided with a cock, for the purpose of taking off' small quantities of liquor
"'

page_text: during distillation, and testing its density. The contents of the stills after
distillation are removed by the pipes a to the cistern or tank yon or belowthe
ground floor,from whence theyare supplied to one or more mixing machines A,
for the purpose of mixing the said contents with prepared ashes or other
maiters.
The mixing machines may be constructed in any desired manner. In
those shewn at A, is a trough or vessel for containing the materials to be
nixed, and a¹ a shaft carrying a number of inclined plates 6, to which
revolving motion is imparted, for the purpose of incorporating the materials.
The prepared ashes are obtained in the following manner:-The ashes and
cinders are collected in as dry a state as possible, and then hoisted by any
ordinaryhoist, such as at c', Figs. 1 and 2, to a series of sieves in chamber e¹
on the flooror platform above the boilers. The fine dust is collected on the
floor, and is ready for use; the large cinders pass from the top of the upper
sieve through the spout f to the ground fl or to be used for fuel, and the
smaller cinders are passed through a spouty,orconducted by aworm to amill B,
Fig. 2, where they are crushed to a fine powder, which is then placed in one
or more retorts C, Figs. 1, 2, and 4, for the purpose of freeing it from
deleterious gases, and thereby rendering it well adapted for mixing with the
contents of the stills. The grinding machine is not confined to any particular
design, that shewn at B consists of a large hollow cylinder made to revolve
at a suitable speed, and having in its interior a number of loose rollers or
weights, which as the cylinder revolves are jolte.l or thrown upon the
ciuders, and reduce them to powder. The retorts may be formed in any
desired manner, but those shewn at C are cylindrical, and have in their
interiors anumber of inclined plates on shafts m¹, Fig.4, to which revolving
motion is given, for the purpose of causing the plates to shake the powder,
and thereby enable the deleterious gases to be efficiently evolved.
To collect the liquid, which forms the second part of my present improve-
ments, I pass the steam or vapour from the stills through a number of pipes
surrounded with cold water, so that it may be condensed, and afterwards
collected in suitable vats or vessels. The steam or vapour from each still
passes through a still head or pipe n¹, Figs. 1 and 3, to the pipe o¹, from
whence it passes to the condensing pipes surrounded with cold water in the
cistern y', and from thence collected in any desired manner. This liquid is
very valuable, and may be advantageously employed for all purposes where
grease has to be neutralized, for all cleansing and scouring purposes,
mordanting processes, for the washing department of the laundry, for hair
and sheep wash, for clearing the colors of printed goods, washing plants

page_text: irrigating land, exterminating insects upon the hop plant, vine, and other
fruit trees, and many other useful purposes.
The Drawings represent a system of machinery suitable for seven or eight
stills, but the number of stills and machines, and also the general arrange-
ment of the machinery or apparatus are varied according to the locality, the
forin of the building, and the work required to be accomplished.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire to be understood
that I claim as my Invention, the improvements in the preparation or manu-
facture of portable manure or fertilising compound, and in the collection or
extraction therefrom of a certain liquid applicable to various purposes, and
also in the machinery or apparatus to be employed therein, ass ich archerein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Three Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bridge Standen, have her unto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named Bridge Stauden, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
BRIGE STANDEN. (.s.)