Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Gas Lamps or Burners.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 23rd Apr., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Gas Lamps or
Burners.
We, RICHARD CROWE, of 25, Williamson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and HARRY TEE, of The Temple, Dale Street, Liverpool,
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention has reference to incandescent gas lamps or burners, that is to
say, to gas burners in which a mantle or perforate material is heated and rendered
incandescent by an atmospheric or Bunsen flame; and it has mainly for its ob-
ject, amongst others, to provide improvements in connection with such burners,
by which the maximum and proper incandescence of the mantle or material is
produced, and the highest luminosity given out, and to do so by the use and com-
bustion of a small quantity of gas, and also to effect this end readily and simply,
under varying conditions of pressure and volume of gas supply.
It is well known to those acquainted with the practical application and use
of the incandescent gas lamps or lights, such, for instance, as that known as
the "Welsbach," and in similar burners, that, in order to effect the best results,
that is to say, to give the highest degree of incandescence and luminosity of the
mantle, and burn a small quantity of gas, the flame at the burner top must
possess certain characteristics, as regards colour, and be of or within a certain
size; or, in other words, in order to bring up the incandescence of the mantle
to the maximum point, and also to avoid the blackening of the mantles, with a
small consumption of gas, the flame must have special appearance, and also be
of a special size, within limits. It is also known that the required appearance
is dependent upon, amongst other conditions, the condition of pressure of gas
supply at the gas orifice of the burner when it is discharged into and up the
mixing tube.
To obviate the difficulties which at present exist in connection with gas burners
of this type, and to effect the ends desired, above referred to, it is necessary,
or at any rate most advantageous; that the pressure in the burner on the gas
supply side of the discharge orifice should be high, preferably the maximum
that can generally be obtained, as a high velocity of discharge promotes the pro-
duction of the best results, as regards the character of the flame, and most probably
also, the intermixture of air and gas in the mixing tube; while the volume
supplied should be limited or regulated to give the relative proportions of air
and gas and volume of flame, no matter how far the pressure in any one case may
be removed from, say, the normal pressure.
To enable these ends to be attained, simply and quickly, and also inexpen-
sively, by those connected with the practical application of fitting up of lamps
or burners, the burners, at the point or part at which the gas is discharged into
the mixing tube, is provided with a detachable or loose orifice or nozzle plate,
having a single central hole in it, through which the gas is discharged into
Dai Q77

page_text: the burner mixing tube. The size of the hole which would be used in any given
burner will be of a dimension having some proportional relevance to the pressure
in each application or case; and, in practice, preferably, the plates would be
marked according to pressures; that is to say, the normal pressure in the pipes
supplying gas to the burners being fitted being ascertained, the plate suitable to
that application, would have a hole in it of such a size that would supply the
required quantity of gas to the burner at that pressure to give the proper and
required character of flame; and hence, assuming the plates were marked accord-
ing to tenths of an inch of pressure, the person fitting the lamps would, after
having first tested the pressure, fit a gas plate onto the gas supply head or nipple
bearing or marked with that pressure. Or, if this were not done, the size, or
the plate having the required size of gas aperture, could be ascertained by testing,
by applying plates until the right one which gives the required character and
appearance of flame is tried and fitted.
The discs or plates may be held onto the nipple head by a separate cap or flanged
ring; or the plate itself may be in the form of a flanged plate fitting over the
gas nipple. In the former case, the gas nipple may be recessed to receive and
hold the disc or plate in the required position. Or, in another case, the plate
may be held by a special seat which screws into or onto the main gas nipple;
or similar or equivalent devices for carrying or holding the plates may be pro-
vided under one of which modifications a special nipple with a fixed plate, having
a gauged single aperture in its centre, is employed.
As a further feature under this invention, above the mixing tube, and within the
head of the burner, a disc, or plate, or body, is provided, against which the stream of
gas and air, coming from the mixing tube, strike, and by which they are de-
flected outwards.
According to another part of this invention, the burners are made adjustable
lengthwise i.e. vertically-this being effected by providing a clamping device
which, in one form, consists of a screw and a loose sliding ring on the outer
tube of an incandescent gas lamp or burner of the kind referred to, by means of
which the outer head or tube which fits over the inner mixing tube, can be clamped
on the latter at any point desired.
TJ 1 1.
091
T
..
1907
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicants' Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.
Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Gas Lamps or
Burners.
We, RICHARD CROWE, of 25, Williamson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and HARRY TEE, of The Temple, Dale Street, Liverpool,
aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: —
This invention has reference to incandescent gas lamps or burners, that is to
say, to gas burners in which a mantle or perforate material is heated and rendered
incandescent by an atmospheric or Bunsen flame; and it has mainly for its ob-
ject, amongst others, to provide improvements in connection with such burners,
by which the maximum and proper incandescence of the mantle or material is
produced, the highest luminosity given out, and to do so by the use and com-

page_text: bustion of a small quantity of gas, and also to effect this end readily and simply,
under varying conditions of pressure and volume of gas supply.
..
It is well known to those acquainted with the practical application and use
of the incandescent gas lamps or lights, such, for instance, as that known as
the Welsbach," and in similar burners, that, in order to effect the best results,
that is to say, to give the highest degree of incandescence and luminosity of the
mantle, and burn a small quantity of gas, the flame of the burner top must
possess certain characteristics, as regards colour, and be of or within a certain
size; or, in other words, in order to bring up the incandescence of the mantle
to the maximum point, and also to avoid the blackening of the mantles, with a
small consumption of gas, the flame must have special appearance, and also be
of a special size, within limits. It is also known that the required appearance
is dependent upon, amongst other conditions, the condition of pressure of gas
supply at the gas orifice of the burner when it is discharged into and up the
mixing tube.
To obviate the difficulties which at present exist in connection with gas burners
of this type, and to effect the ends desired, above referred to, it is necessary,
or at any rate most advantageous, that the pressure in the burner on the gas
supply side of the discharge orifice should be high, preferably the maximum
that can generally be obtained, as a high velocity of discharge promotes the pro-
duction of the best results, as regards the character of the flame, and most probably
also, the intermixture of air and gas in the mixing tube; while the volume
supplied should be limited or regulated to give the relative proportions of air
and gas and volume of flame, no matter how far the pressure in any one case may
be removed from, say, the normal pressure.
To enable these ends to be obtained, simply and quickly, and also inexpen-
sively, by those connected with the practical application of fitting up of lamps
or burners, the burners, at the point or part at which the gas is discharged into
the mixing tube, are provided with a detachable or loose orifice or nozzle plate,
having a single central hole in it, through which the gas is discharged into
the burner mixing tube. The size of the hole which would be used in any given
burner will be of a dimension having some proportional relevance to the pressure
in each application or case; and, in practice, preferably, the plates would be
marked according to pressures; that is to say, the normal pressure in the pipes
supplying gas to the burners being fitted being ascertained, the plate suitable to
that application, would have a hole in it of such a size that would supply the
required quantity of gas to the burner at that pressure to give the proper and
required character of flame; and hence, assuming the plates were marked accord-
ing to tenths of an inch of pressure, the person fitting the lamps would, after
having first tested the pressure, fit a gas plate onto the gas supply head or nipple
bearing or marked with that pressure. Or, if this were not done, the size, or
the plate having the required size of gas aperture, could be ascertained by testing,
by applying plates until the right one which gives the required character and
appearance of flame is tried and fitted.
The discs or plates may be held onto the nipple head by a separate cap or flanged
ring; or the plate itself may be in the form of a flanged plate fitting over the
gas nipple. In the former case, the gas nipple may be recessed to receive and
hold the disc or plate in the required position. Or, in another case, the plate
may be held by a special seat which screws into or onto the main gas nipple;
or similar or equivalent devices for carrying or holding the plates may be pro-
vided; under one of which modifications a special nipple with a fixed plate, having
a gauged single aperture in its centre, is employed.
As a further feature under this invention, above the mixing tube, and within the
head of the burner, a disc, or plate, or body, is provided, against which the stream of
gas and air, coming from the mixing tube, strikes, and by which they are de-
flected outwards.
The burners may be made adjustable lengthwise i.e. vertically—if desired,

page_text: The drawings, hereto annexed, illustrate the gas discharge nozzle and device
of an ordinary incandescent gas light burner, together with several modifications
of nozzle and discharge devices under this invention.
C
In Figures 1 and 2, which are a sectional elevation and plan, respectively, a
represents the body of the nozzle or plug, and 6 is a central gas conduit in it;
while c is a plate covering the upper end of the conduit 6 through which the gas
passes into the mixing tube. This plate is integral with the body, a, and
pierced with several small holes, five generally, as shewn in the case given. Thus, as
ordinarily applied, with these five gas discharge orifices, the area for gas supply
is constant under all conditions of pressure of gas supply; and to adapt the
burner to give the correct flame, with any special pressure of supply of gas, not
the normal one, these holes will have to be either made larger or smaller mech-
anically, accordingly as the pressure is lower or higher than the normal, which,
under ordinary commercial conditions connected with gas-light fitting and supply,
is impracticable.
Four modifications of means according to this invention, for obviating these
defects and drawbacks, are grouped under Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5. In all of these
figures, a is the nozzle or plug of the burner, and c the detachable or loose gas
orifice devices or plates, above referred to, each of which has in its centre, a single
orifice or hole c¹.
In the modification shewn in Figure 2, the tip of the nozzle plug a is provided
with a vertical flange a¹, and the loose orifice part e consists of a simple plate, with a
central hole in it, and rests on the tip of the plug within the flange a¹, fitting
fairly freely therein, so as to be readily placed in position, or taken out, and another
substituted for it.
In the modification shewn in Figure 3, the gas discharge orifice device cis
provided with a tubular seating part c², which fits into the gas conduit 6 of the
nozzle a, and it rests on the lip of the nozzle, by an external ledge c³ on its upper
part.
In the modification shewn in Figure 4, the gas discharge device is of the
same type as that shewn in Figure 3, but the tubular part ², in this case, fits
outside and over the upper end of the plug a, instead of inside it.
In the modification shewn in Figure 5, the gas orifice plate c and the part c²,
are not in one, but are separate, the plate c being adapted to rest on the tip of a,
and the ring part 2 to be passed over it and the tip of the nozzle; an internal
flange being provided on to press the plate c, and hold it down on a.
In all these cases, it will be seen, that the loose or detachable gas orifice device
or plate e is provided with a single central orifice c¹ and it is adapted to be
placed in position, taken off, and another substituted for it, if desired; and,
in some cases, if desired, no gas orifice would be fitted on the nozzle plug, until the
pressure of gas, in connection with which the burners would be supplied, is
known; and then, having ascertained the pressure of the supply, a plate or
device c, having a mark, or of known size of gas discharge orifice, would be applied
to the nozzle.
With regard to Figure 6, this shews a complete gas burner for incandescent
gas lamps of a kind in which the upper chamber o, is an empty chamber, i.e.
without internal obstructions, adapted and modified to work in connection with
burners having a single gas discharge aperture in the nozzle. In this case, we
provide over the upper end of the mixing tube p, a plate or disc q, suitably sup-
ported, as by legs or other means, from the tube. By this plate or disc, the jet
of ascending gas, which, more or less, will pass in a column up the tube, is deflected
laterally in all directions, and broken up, and caused thereby to become intimately
mixed with the air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In gas burners of the kind berein referred to the imna

page_text: nected with the gas discharge nozzle or part; substantially as herein set forth,
for the purposes specified.
2. In an incandescent gas burner, a gas supply nozzle or plug, a, constructed
and provided with a loose or detachable gas discharge device, having a single
central discharge orifice; substantially as herein set forth and shewn in the
drawings.
3. The gas supply discharge devices of, or for use in incandescent gas burners,
constructed and adapted to operate particularly as shewn in, and set forth with
reference to Figures 2 to 5 of the drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of January 1898
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicants Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.