Improvements in and Machinery and Apparatus for Making Sand Moulds for Casting Pipes, Columns, Cylinders, and other Solid and Tubular or Hollow Articles.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 17th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Machinery and Apparatus for Making Sand
Moulds for Casting Pipes, Columns, Cylinders, and other Solid
and Tubular or Hollow Articles.
We JOSEPH MEES of Comberton Villa Brettle Lane in the County of Stafford
Foundry Manager and ARTHUR BRYCE MEES of the same address Mechanica!
Draughtsman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
:-
Our invention consists of the improvements in and machinery and apparatus
hereinafter described for making sand moulds for casting pipes columns cylinders and
other solid and tubular or hollow articles whereby the ordinary hand ramming of the
sand is entirely or mainly dispensed with the making of the sand moulds is simplified
and economized and smoother and better moulds produced than by the methods
ordinarily practised.
Although our invention is particularly applicable to the making of sand moulds for
casting pipes columns cylinders and other like articles either cylindrical or taper yet
our invention may also be used for the production of sand moulds for casting articles
having a spherical or spheroidal figure.
Our improvements in making sand moulds consist in substituting for the ordinary
hand ramming in the formation of the mould a rotating pattern constructed and used
substantially as hereinafter described.
We will describe the improvements in making sand moulds constituting part of our
invention in conjunction with the machinery and apparatus also constituting part of
our invention which we prefer to use in carrying our improved method into effect.
The machine which we use consists essentially of a horizontal rectangular (or square)
frame capable of a complete or partial rotation in one or other direction a rotating
pattern working in the said frame longitudinal pieces or plates adjustable and detachable
secured to the inner sides of the said frame and appliances for fixing the half mould
box to the said frame. The horizontal rectangular frame has at each end a hollow
trunnion or tubular axle on which it turns the said axles being supported in bearings
carried by stands or uprights at the ends of the machine. In the said hollow trunnions
or.tubular axles of the rectangular frame bushes are fixed which are taper internally
and in the said internally taper bushes the taper axles of the rotating pattern turn the
said pattern being worked by hand or power driven toothed gearing. The top surface
of the rectangular frame is situated on a level with the horizontal centre line of the
hollow trunnions and on each side of the said frame is an internal horizontal flange to
which the loose pieces or plates herein before mentioned are fixed by screws and nuts.
These pieces or plates are adjustable so as to bring their opposed acting edges nearer
to or further from one another according to the size of the rotating pattern used. The
opposed edges of these loose and adjustable pieces or plates are inclined or bevilled but
those parts nearly at the top of the frame are situated parallel to the sides of the frame
and constitute bearing edges against which the acting edge or edges of the rotating
pattern in its motion bear. By means of the bevilled edges of the pieces or plates
described in conjunction with the rotation of the pattern the sand is carried down and
wedged or compressed in the mould box. The rotating pattern has an oblong figure
in cross section and its acting edges have a radius equal to the radius of the internal
surface of the sand mould to be made the acting edges of the said pattern in its
rotation bearing as before stated against the parallel edges of the loose plates or pieces
fixed to the frame. The rotating pattern instead of being oblong in cross section may
have a cruciform or other like figure in cross section or its acting part may be
situated on one side only of the axis of the pattern. In the acting or bearing edge
or edges of the pattern steel or other hard metal may be inserted to increase their

page_text: durability or the acting ends of the pattern may be made removable so that they can
be removed when worn and replaced by new ones.
The mould boxes are made in halves and one half of the mould is made at a time by
the use of the machine. The half mould box is placed on and fixed to the face of the
frame by half clips which are jointed at one end to one side of the frame and are
fastened to the other side of the frame by cotter pins or other fastenings. The half
mould boxes which we use are without projections on their outer surfaces that is the
usual pins or guides are dispensed with.
In making a half mould according to our improved method and by the use of the
machine described we proceed as follows:-The loose plates or pieces having been
adjusted on the frame and the half mould box fixed thereon with its convex side
uppermost the said frame is turned on its trunnions so as to invert it and bring the
concave side of the mould hox uppermost the frame being fastened in its inverted
position by any convenient means. The process of moulding is now commenced by
putting sand into the box and rotating the pattern backwards and forwards for a short
time. By the rotation of the pattern in the frame and mould box the sand is
-compressed or wedged in the mould box one edge of the mould being formed by the
rotation of the pattern in one direction and the other edge of the mould by the rotation of
the pattern in the other direction. Or the same object may be effected by turning the
moulding pattern in one direction and the frame and mould box in the other direction.
After the mould has been made the frame and mould box are turned into their normal
positions so as to bring the mould box uppermost and by then giving the pattern
few rotations the loose sand is removed from the mould box and a smooth surface
given to the half mould. The frame half mould box and mould are again inverted
and the mould blackened and finished by applying the blacking material while the
pattern is rotating. The frame is again turned back to its original position and the
box containing the finished half mould removed from it.
a
A second half mould is then made in a similar manner. The half mould boxes
containing the half moulds are fixed together in proper position by one or more
specially constructed clips and the mould is dried or cast in green sand as required
and the core placed in the mould (if a hollow casting is to be made) in the ordinary
way and the pipe or other article is cast in the mould with the latter either in a
vertical horizontal or inclined position according as the runner "gets" are arranged
in the mould.
In moulding socket and spigot pipes or double spigot. pipes or cylindrical columns
having loose caps and bases no hand ramming is required for making the moulds but
for making the moulds for pipes having a flange or flanges or for columns having
caps and bases cast on hand ramming at the ends of the moulds for the flanges or caps
and bases may be required and will certainly be required if the said parts are not
circular in form but beads or circular mouldings on the columns or bands or beads on
the pipes will require no hand ramming in the formation of the moulds.
Dated this 28th day of March 1889.
W. T. 'WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Machinery and Apparatus for Making Sand
Moulds for Casting Pipes, Columns, Cylinders, and other Solid
and Tubular or Hollow Articles.
We, JOSEPH MEES, of Comberton Villa, Brettle Lane, in the County of Stafford,
Foundry Manager, and ARTHUR BRYCE MEES, of the same address, Mechanical
Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Our Invention consists of the improvements in and machinery and apparatus herein
after described for making sand moulds for casting pipes, columns, cylinders and other

page_text: solid and tubular or hollow articles whereby the ordinary hand ramming of the sand
is entirely or mainly dispensed with, the making of the sand moulds is simplified and
economized and smoother and better moulds produced than by the methods ordinarily
practised.
Although our invention is particularly applicable to the making of sand moulds for
casting pipes, columns, cylinders and other like articles, either cylindrical or taper, yet
our invention may also be used for the production of sand moulds for casting articles
having a spherical or spheroidal figure.
Our improvements in making sand moulds consist in substituting for the ordinary
hand ramming in the formation of the mould, a rotating pattern constructed and used
substantially as hereinafter described.
We will describe the improvements in making sand moulds constituting part of our
invention in conjunction with the machinery and apparatus, also constituting part of
our invention, which we prefer to use in carrying our improved method into effect.
The machine which we use consists essentially of a horizontal rectangular or square
frame capable of a complete or partial rotation in one or other direction; a rotating
pattern working in the said frame; longitudinal pieces or plates, adjustable and
detachable, secured to the inner sides of the said frame and appliances for fixing the half
mond box to the said frame. The horizontal rectangular frame has at each end a hollow
trunnion or tubular axle on which it turns, the said axles being supported in bearings
carried by stands or uprights at the ends of the machine.
In the said hollow trunnions
or tubular axles of the rectangular frame, bushes are fixed which are taper internally
and in the said internally taper bushes the taper axles of the rotating pattern turn, the
said pattern being worked by hand or power driven toothed gearing. The top surface
of the rectangular frame is situated on a level with the horizontal centre line of the
hollow trunnions and on each side of the said frame is an internal horizontal flange to
which the loose pieces or plates hereinbefore mentioned are fixed by screws and nuts.
These pieces or plates are adjustable so as to bring their opposed acting edges nearer
to or further from one another according to the size of the rotating pattern used. The
opposed edges of these loose and adjustable pieces or plates are inclined or bevilled but
those parts nearly at the top of the frame are situated parallel to the sides of the
frame and constitute bearing edges against which the acting edge or edges of the
rotating pattern in its motion bear. By means of the bevilled edges of the pieces or
plates described in conjunction with the rotation of the pattern the sand is carried
down and wedged or compressed in the mould box. The rotating pattern has an
oblong figure in cross section and its acting edges have a radius equal to the radius
of the internal surface of the sand mould to be made the acting edges of the said
pattern in its rotation bearing as before stated against the parallel edges of the loose
plates or pieces fixed to the frame. The rotating pattern instead of being oblong in
cross section may have a cruciforin or other like figure in cross section; or its acting
part may be situated on one side only of the axis of the pattern.
In the acting or
bearing edge or edges of the pattern, steel or other hard metal may be inserted to
increase their durability; or the acting ends of the pattern may be made removable
so that they can be removed when worn and replaced by new ones.
The mould boxes are made in halves and one half of the mould is made at a time by
the use of the machine. The half mould box is placed on and fixed to the face of the
frame by half clips which are jointed at one end to one side of the frame and are
fastened to the other side of the frame by cotter pins or other fastenings. The half
mould boxes which we use are without projections on their outer surfaces, that is the
usual pins or guides are dispensed with."
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which our invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation and Figure 2 in plan, machinery constructed
according to our invention for making sand moulds for the casting of socket pipes and
other articles: Figures 3 and 4 represent elevations of opposite ends of the machinery;
Figure 5 represents in cross section, drawn to a larger scale, the rectangular moulding
frame, half mould box and rotating pattern of the machinery together with the

page_text: appliances for holding down and fixing the position of the half mould box; Figure 54
represents the said moulding frame and half-mould box inverted ready for the making
of a half mould; Figure 5 represents an end elevation of the machine, partly in cross
section, exhibiting the position of the holding down appliances of the half mould
box after the half mould has been made and removed from the machine and ready to
receive a second half mould box.
Figure 6 represents in plan and Figure 7 in cross section a portion of the rectangular
moulding frame of the machine together with one of the hollow trunnions or axles of
the said frame and the taper trunnion or axle for the rotating pattern, the said
Figures 54, 5, 6 and 7 being drawn to the same scale as Figure 5.
Figures 8 to 27 both inclusive represent drawn to a larger scale than the machine
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, modifications and details of parts of the rotating patterns and
also the core and the pairs of mould hoxes with guides and holding clips for the same
all as hereinafter particularly explained.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawings.
a, a is the rectangular horizontal moulding frame of the machine and b, bare the
stands supporting the same and the pattern, the said stands being fixed to the bed
plate c; e is the rotating pattern (see Figures 5 and 54) working in the moulding
frame a, and d is the half mould box fixed on the frame a. The horizontal rectangular
frame a has at each end a hollow trunnion or axle a², provided with taper bushes
(see Figure 6), the said hollow trunnions being supported and working in bearings in
the stands b, b of the machine. When the frame a is turned through a semi-circle to
invert the moulding box d and parts carried by it, the bushed hollow trunnions a² at
the ends of the said frame turn upon the taper axles e² of the rotating pattern e as
will be understood by an examination of Figure 6. The moulding frame a is turned
by a hand spoke inserted in the snug 7 (see Figures 1 and 2) and the said frame a is
fixed at any desired angle by means of the jointed catch (on the fixed stand b) turned
by the handle being engaged with one of the studs ³ on the end of the frame a.
Or in large machines the inverting or moving of the moulding frame a through the
required angle may be effected by a worm and worm wheel. Each taper axle e² of
the rotating pattern is furnished with a face plate marked e³ in Figures 6 and 7 for
connecting the pattern with the said axles. In the face plate e is a cross groove in
which the end of the pattern fits and the position of the pattern in the said groove is
adjusted by the screws and plates at ee Figure 7. By slackening one of the screws e
and tightening the other screw at each end of the pattern the working edge of the
pattern may be moved nearer to or further from the axis of the machine for making
imoulds of different diameters.
Rotary motion is given to the pattern e fixed to the taper axles e in the manner
described, by trains of toothed wheels enclosed in the stands b, b. The toothed wheels
in the stand at the right hand end of the machine represented are partly shown in
Figure 4 and are marked j, j, j and one of the toothed wheels is shown in Figure 6.
j
The two trains of toothed wheels in the stands bare coupled together by the shaft
or axis (see Figure 1). The gearing described of the rotating pattern is driven
from a train of three spur wheels in the stand actuated from the driving pulley
and shaft at 3. By means of friction clutches of the kind represented at the left hand
end of the machine actuated from the hand wheel g, the rotatory motion communicated
to the pattern e may be reversed.
We do not limit ourselves to any particular arrangement of gearing for rotating
the pattern, nor to any particular arrangement of reversing gearing as any of the
ordinary reversing gearing employed in other machines may be used; for example,
the mangle reversing motion or that used for reversing a planing machine may
be used.
We will now describe the appliances connected with the moulding frame a and the
mechanism for holding the half mould box on the said frame.
The top surface of the moulding frame a (see Figure 5) is situated on a level with
the horizontal central line of the hollow trunnions a² and axles e and on each side

page_text: of the said frame a is an internal horizontal flange at to which the loose longitudinal
pieces or plates m m and m² m², and m³, m³ are adjusted and fixed. The said plates
are adjusted by the set screws p. p working in screw boxes or tapped holes in the said
1122 m³
plates. By means of the said set screws p. p the acting edges of the plates m, m,
and m³, m³, can be brought nearer to or further from one another according to the
size of the rotating moulding pattern and to the exact diameter of the outside of the
mould to be made. The plates m, m, m² m², and m³ m³ are fixed after adjustment by
the screws and nuts at p¹, pl, the said screws passing through oblong holes p², p², in
the frame a (see Figure 6). It will be seen by an examination of Figures 5 and 54
that the opposed edges of the loose and adjustable pieces or plates m m; m² m²,
and m³, m³, are inclined or beville: but those parts nearly on a level with the top of
the moulding frame a are situated parallel to the sides of the said frame and constitute
bearing edges against which the acting edge or edges of the rotating pattern e bear.
By means of the bevilled edges of the plates m m; m² m², and m³ m³ in conjunction
with the rotation of the pattern e the sand in the frame a is carried down and wedged
or compressed in the mould box d. We do not however limit ourselves to making the
said plates with bevilled edges. In the machine Figure 5 the rotating pattern e has
an oblong figure in cross section and in Figure 5A a fluted figure in cross section ;
that is, it has three acting edges but the rotating pattern may have other forms given
to it as hereinafter described. The acting edge or edges of the rotating pattern e ha
or have a radius equal to the radius of the internal surface of the sand mould to be
made, the acting edge of the pattern in its motion bearing against the parallel edges
The
of the adjusted plates or pieces m. m² and m³ fixed to the moulding frame a.
loose plates marked m, m at the socket end of the half mould box are made separate
from the plates ², m² at the body part of the half mould box, the said loose plates m, m
being a little longer than the socket and can be changed to suit various shapes and
sizes of sockets to be moulded, and if flange pipes are to be moulded, plates of the
required shape are used in place of those represented. The plates m³, m² are suitable
for and can be adjusted to any size. of pipe that can be moulded in the machine. At
the porty spigot" end of the moulding machine are two sliding plates nn, preferably
made of steel, adjustable by screw pins working in grooves or slots in the plates. m³, m³
(see Figure 2) in the moulding frame as the plates, a work on the plates m³, m³.
By means of the sliding plates, the diameter of the "porty spigot" end of the
mould may be maintained of the same size although the outside diameter of the body
of the pipe may be increased. As the diameter of the body of the pipe is increased so
is the socket end and the "porty" on the socket thereby leaving undiminished the
space for caulking but the "porty" at the spigot end of the pipe is of the same size
for a given internal diameter of the pipe. A loose piece q (Figures 8 and 9) carried
by the rotating pattern may be used for the adjustment of the porty spigot end and
the said loose piece is adjustable by the screws for altering the diameter of the
porty part of the mould for a given size pipe when the rotating moulding pattern e
is adjusted to alter the thickness of pipe required.
*
":
Instead of using the plates n, n Figure 2 the internal diameter of the mould may be
continued to the " get, part and the length of pipe may be determined by a band o
on the core represented in Figure 18 and the "gets or runners o² be made in the
said band.
,,
We will now describe the manner in which the half mould box d is fixed to and
adjusted on the moulding frame a; h, h are clips jointed at 2, ² to the outside of
the moulding frame a and connected together by the bar 3 (see Figures 1 and 2).
The free ends of the clips are secured to the opposite side of the moulding frame a
by the cotters and pins at ht and the said free ends of the clips are connected together
by the bar which keeps them equidistant from each other and also serves as a
handle for lifting the clips and boxes on to and off the face of the moulding frame a.
The connecting bar fits in the slot (see Figure 5B) and thereby preserves centrally
the clips, when shut down, in contact with the moulding frame, notwithstanding any
play by the wear of the hinge pins.
For the purpose of fixing the lateral position of the mould box d on the moulding

page_text: frame, we adopt the following combination of parts: & Figures 1, 5 and 5B is a screw
with a crosshead working freely through the clip, and passing into a screw box in
the lever catch 2 (best seen in Figure 5B) turning on the centre pin As the
screw is driven home after the clip has been cottered or fastened down the screwed
arm of the lever catch rises from the mould box and its opposite hooked arm is thereby
forced against the side of the mould box d as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 5.
The mould box is thereby held against the steel plate carried by the clip h. The
steel plates, are both fixed in the clips at the same distance from the centre of the
machine (see the plan Figure 2) and the half mould box is adjusted to the side of the
moulding frame carrying the said plates and forced thereto by the lever. catches 2,
before described. Under each lever catch a is a coiled spring a (see Figure 5B) for
lifting the said lever catch and its screw when the half mould box is removed from
the machine ready for the fixing of another half mould box.
In making a half mould according to our improved method and by the use of the
machine described and represented we proceed as follows:-
:-
The moulding frame a and clips h h having the positions represented in Figure 5B,
the half mould box, concave side uppermost or outwards, is placed in the clips / h and
the said clips carrying the mould box are turned on their centres 2 against the frame a
and fastened by the pins and cotiers at . The mould box is next fixed in its place
on the frame a by the screws a and levers a² as before described. The loose plates or
pieces m, m2, m³, and other parts having been adjusted in the moulding frame a, the
said frame is turned on its trunnions a², a³ so as to bring the half mould box and parts
connected with it into the positions represented in Figure 5A, the said frame being
fastened in its adjusted position by the catch and studek, 2, 3 or by other convenient
means. The process of moulding is now commenced by putting sand into the box d
and rotating the pattern e backwards and forwards for a short time. By the rotation
of the pattern e in the frame a and mould box d, the sand is compressed or wedged in
the mould box, one edge of the mould being formed by the rotation of the pattern in one
direction and the other edge of the mould being formed by the rotation of the pattern in
the other direction. Or the same object may be effected by turning the moulding
pattern e. in one direction and the frame a and mould box d in the other direction.
After the mould has been made the frame and mould box are turned into the position
Figure 5 so as to bring the mould box uppermost and by then giving the pattern a
few rotations the loose sand is removed from the mould box and a smooth surface
given to the half mould. The frame a, half mould box d and mould are again
inverted into the position represented in Figure 54 and the mould is blacked and
finished by applying the blacking material while the pattern is rotating; or the mould
may not be blacked or may be blacked after removal from the machine. The frame
is again turned back to its original position, that is, into the position represented
in Figure 5B and the box containing the finished half mould removed from it by
unfastening the clips at their cotter ends and supporting them in the manner
represented in the said Figure 5B.
A second half mould is then made in a similar manner.
The half mould boxes containing the half moulds are fixed together in proper
position by one or more specially constructed clips hereinafter described and the
mould is dried or the casting made in green sand as required and the core placed in
the mould (if a hollow casting is to be made) in the ordinary way and the pipe or
other article is cast in the mould with the latter either in a vertical horizontal or
inclined position according as the runner "gets" are arranged in the mould.
In moulding socket and spigot pipes or double spigot pipes or cylindrical columns
having loose caps and bases, no hand ramming is required for making the moulds
but for making the moulds for pipes having a flange or flanges or for columns having
caps and bases cast on, band ramming at the ends of the moulds for the flanges or
caps and bases may be required and will certainly be required if the said parts are
not circular in form, but beads or circular mouldings on the columns or bands
or beads on the pipes will require no hand ramming in the formation of the
moulds.

page_text: We will now describe further details respecting the rotating patterns which we
employ and afterwards describe the guiding, jointing and fastening together of the
half mould boxes.
1.
Figure represents in side elevation Figure 9 in end elevation and Figure 10
in plan, one of the forms of rotating pattern and appliances connected with it which
we employ. In this rotating pattern a separate socket part q combined with a
taper porty" is bolted to the end of the pattern. By the use of the taper
"porty" the metal is prevented from escaping from the mould when the pipe is
cast with the socket end downwards or in an inclined position with the socket end
downwards. But when the pipes are cast horizontally or inclined with the socket
ends upwards the " porty may have parallel sides instead of being taper. On the
sides of the rotating pattern e, ribs q q² are preferably made for the purpose of better
distributing the sand when the pattern is rotating.
25
35
On the opposite end of the pattern to that already described a loose piece q³ is fixed
for forming the "get" when pipes are cast socket downwards. If the "porty spigot'
is formed upon the core as represented in Figure 18 the body pattern is continued
to the loose piece as indicated in dotted lines marked » Figure 8 and the pipe cast
upon the core which has a band o, Figure 18, for forming the "porty spigot." On
the "porty spigot" end of the pattern an adjustable piece 7. Figures 8 and 10, may
be placed for preserving the diameter of the "porty spigot" mould for a given sized
pipe as hereinbefore described.
Figure 12 represents in cross section the rotating pattern e shown in the machine
Figure 5, drawn to a larger scale, and Figure 13 represents in cross section the
rotating pattern e represented in the machine Figure 54 drawn to a larger scale.
Rotating patterns having the sectional forms represented in Figures 14, 15 and 16
may be used in place of those we have already described. The side ribs on the said
rotating pattern are marked 2 in the said Figures 12, 13, 14, 1 and 16. The side
ribs on the patterns may be dispensed with but we prefer to use them for the purpose
before described, and the working edge of the cast iron patterns may be made of
steel, inserted in the pattern, as seen in Figure 14 and marked t. It is however
preferred to make the patterns wholly of hard cast iron when of large size and wholly
of steel when of small size.
Figure 11 represents in side elevation and Figure 17 in end elevation a twisted
moulding pattern made from a flat bar of wrought iron or steel and having separate
socket and "get" pieces of the kind before described bolted to their ends as
represented. Instead of bolting the socket and " get" pieces on the patterns they
may be cast thereon or they may be forged on the twisted pattern but in these cases
the form of the socket to be moulded cannot be varied. When a twisted pattern of
the kind represented in Figures 11 and 17 is employed in the machine only one
outside diameter of pipe or internal diameter of mould can be made by its use. The
compressing of the sand in the mould box by the rotating pattern as before described
is accomplished by the working edge being bevilled from the "sleeking " part to
the ramming part. In Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 the "sleeking
part of the pattern is marked u and the ramming or compressing part or parts are
marked v.
We will now describe the half mould boxes which we prefer to use.
"
Figure 19 represents in side elevation and Figure 20 in plan, a pair of mould
boxes secured together; Figures 21 and 22 are end elevations of the same. Figure 23
represents the boxes in cross section drawn to a larger scale showing the guides for
jointing and the clips for holding the half boxes together.
Figures 24 and 25 represent side elevations of parts of the boxes showing lugs
and guides for jointing the same; Figure 26 represents in side elevation and
Figure 27 in cross section the middle part of the boxes showing a loose trunnion
piece y upon which the boxes may be placed for casting the pipe in a horizontal or
inclined position.
After the two half moulds have been made in the manner hereinbefore
described the guide clips 1, 2 Figures 23, 24 and 25, are placed upon and secured to

page_text: the lugs 3, 4 on one of the half boxes for insuring the accurate jointing of the half
boxes. After the guide clips 1, 2 have been fastened in their places the two half
boxes can be jointed together prior to fastening them, the clip 2 acting as a guide
jointwise and lengthwise and the other clip 1 acting only as a guide jointwise. By
this means any expansion or contraction in the fastened mould boxes is compensated
by the space left endwise between the arm of the clip 1 and the lug 3 on the half
mould boxes (see Figure 24). After the mould boxes and their half moulds have
been thus jointed, the clamps 5, 5, Figures 19 and 23, are put on the boxes and their
hooked ends moved along the ribs at the taper sides of the boxes until the said boxes
are tightened and fastened together, no wedges being required.
The boxes represented are for casting the pipe in a vertical position but by putting
"get
a "hole at 6 Figure 20 they may be used for casting the pipe horizontally or
in an inclined position. When the boxes are used for casting the pipe vertically,
socket downwards, the clamps 5, 5, on being driven in the direction of the arrows in
Figure 19 tend to preserve them in their tightening positions. The socket end of
the box is marked 7 and the spigot end is marked 8; 10, 10 are the lugs for receiving
handles when hand boxes are used, but for lifting the boxes by a crane, lugs
marked 11, 11 are required. The boxes are held in position endwise when in the
moulding frame by the lugs s Figures 19, 20 and 23 fitting into the space at t² in one
of the clips (Figure 2); y², y² are projections cast on both sides of the boxes to act
as guides to the loose trunnion piece y Figures 26 and 27 upon which the mould
boxes turn when casting vertically or in an inclined position. The boxes are
cast rough inside and with jaggers as usual and are provided with air holes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and the manner in whch the same is to be performed we declare that we claim
as our invention of " Improvements in and machinery and apparatus for making
sand moulds for casting pipes, columns, cylinders and other solid and tubular
or hollow articles" :-
First. The method hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings of substituting wholly or mainly, for the ordinary hand ramming in the
formation of a sand mould a rotating pattern constructed and used substantially as
herein before described and illustrated.
Secondly. The combination in machinery for the making of sand moulds of a
moulding frame capable of a complete or partial rotation in one or other direction,
a rotating pattern working in the said moulding frame and longitudinal pieces or
plates; adjustable and detachable, secured to the inner sides of the moulding frame,
the several parts being constructed arranged and used for the purposes and
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Thirdly. The appliances hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings for fixing the half mould box to and ensuring its proper position on the
moulding frame of the machinery, substantially as herein before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. Constructing the rotating patterns and their adjuncts in the several ways
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Lastly. Making half would boxes with taper ribs and the combination therewith
of clamps of the kind herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings for fastening the halves of the said boxes together whereby wedges or cotter
pins are dispensed with; also the use of the detachable clip guides for facilitating
the jointing of the said half mould boxes substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated the Twelfth day of December 1889
JOSEPH MEES.
ARTHUR BRYCE MEES.