IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS SHADES FOR GAS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Henry Bachhoffner, of Upper Montague
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Doctor of Physics, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS SHADES FOR GAS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL
LIGHTS."
Sealed the 24th April 1857, and dated the 25th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Henry Bachhoffner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1856.
I, GEORGE HENRY BACHHOFFNER, of Upper Montague Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Doctor of Physics, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASS SHADES FOR GAS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL
LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in glass shades relates, first, to those
globes or shades placed over gas and other lights, and which are usually
ground, or otherwise ornamented. These shades have heretofore been sus-
tained and fixed by a gallery or other support placed underneath. The shades
so held have an opening at the bottom, with a lip, by which they are clipped
or held.
Now, my improvements consist in forming the shade with the opening for
the introduction of the gas pipe at the side, so that the pipe enters in a hori

page_text: zontal direction. The glass shade is also supported at that point, and is, there-
fore, without any obstruction to the transmission of the light through the
bottom of the shade, which may be quite closed and of a plain or ornamented
character, as required. I sometimes construct these glass shades with the
lower part formed to deflect the rays of light, in the manner of a lens or
lenses. The upper part of these shades are open, as usual.
The second part of my Invention relates to shades for night lights or other
lights. It consists in placing the light within two glasses, as follows:-First,
a short glass shade or chimney, supported from the bottom in a gallery or
holder, having small perforations for the admission of air; a second and larger
glass shade encloses the inner one, which outer shade is closed at the upper
part, but is furnished with perforations in its holder or gallery for the escapo
of the hot and vitiated air at the bottom. The air therefore passes first
up within the inner glass to supply combustion, and, escaping into the domo
of the outer glass, is conducted down and out at the lower part thereof, thus
proventing the possibility of catching fire from lights so enclosed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Henry Bachhoffner in the Great Seal Patent Offico
on the 25th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HENRY BACHHOFFNER, of Upper Montague Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Doctor of Physics, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reigu,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Henry Bachhoffner, Her special licence that I, the said George Henry
Bachhoffner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said George Henry Bachhoffner, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agreo with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, tho Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GLASS SHADES FOR GAS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS," upon tho con-
dition (amongst others) that I, tho said George Henry Bachhoffner, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my; or their,

page_text: or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Henry Bachhoffner, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention of improvements in glass shades for gas and other artificial
lights relates, first, to those globes or shades placed over gas and other
artificial lights, which are usually ground, or otherwise ornamented. These
shades have hitherto been sustained and fixed by a gallery or other support
placed underneath. Shades so held have an opening at the bottom, with a lip,
by which they are clipped or held, which lip, together with the gallery or
holder, cast a shadow, and obstruct the passage of the rays of light in the
direction required.
Now, my improvements consist in forming the shade with the opening for
the introduction of the gas pipe at the side, so that the pipe enters in a hori-
zontal direction. The air to sustain combustion is admitted at the side where
the pipe enters, or a supply may be admitted by a small hole in the bottom of
the shade. The glass shade is also supported from the side, and is, therefore,
without any obstruction to the transmission of the light through the bottom of
the shade, which may be quite closed, and of a plain or ornamental character,
as required. I sometimes construct these glass shades with the lower part
formed to deflect the rays of light, in the manner of a lens or lenses. The
upper part of these shades are open, as usual.
The second part of my Invention relates to shades for night lights or other
lights. It consists in placing the lights within two glasses as follows:-First, &
short glass shade or chimney supported from the bottom in a gallery or holder
having small perforations for the admission of air; the second and large glass
shade encloses the inner one, which outer shade is closed at the upper part,
but is furnished with perforations in its holder or gallery for the escape of the
hot and vitiated air at the bottom. The air therefore passes first up within
the inner glass to supply combustion, and, escaping into the dome of the outer
glass, is conducted down and out at the lower part thereof, thus preventing the
possibility of any thing catching fire from lights so enclosed.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent different forms of light shades constructed

page_text: according to my Invention, in which it will be seen the point of support or
lip a, a, is at right angles to the opening d, d, for the escape of the heated
products. The mode of attachment or support which I employ is shown at
Fig. 4, and is the same as usually employed in the trade for fixing similar
shades or glasses where fish-tail or other jet burners are used. It will be
seen that the only difference is that the clip or holder b, b, is placed at right
angles to the position now commonly used, that is to say, at the side instead
of the lower part, so that the shado is held by the clip b, and does not
simply rest by its own weight on the support.
Figure 5 represents a view of the shade viewed at right angles to Fig. 8,
showing the lip and the opening c for the admission of air and the passage of
the pipe 9. If desirable, the opening c may be small simply for the passage
of the pipe g, and a small bole made in the bottom of the shade for the ingress
of air to support combustion. By leaving the lower portion of the shade,
Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5, unground or plain, the introduction of a stratum of water
will produce a kind of fluid lens, which serves to concentrate the light on any
object placed beneath. Instead of using water, the shades may be cast in
appropriate moulds, or otherwise formed, to produce a greater. thickness of
glass at any part, so as to form a solid lens for the purpose of concentrating
the light on any given point, or otherwise to act as deflectors, the effect of
which is well understood.
The second part of my Invention, which relates to shades or glasses for
night or other lights or lamps, is represented in Figs. 6, 7, and 8; Fig. 6 is an
external view, Fig. 7 a sectional elevation, and Fig. 8 a plan of the base and
lamp. These Figures represent the ehades applied to an ordinary oil lamp,
but they may be applied over a candle, and either fixed or portable, for domestic
use or other purposes. The application of such shades, as herein-after described,
will prevent any access to the flame of the lamp so long as the shades are
attached. A, A, is the outer glass shade, either ground or plain, which is
closed above, but having a flange or ring at the open or lower end, by which
it may be secured in the ordinary way to the base of the lamp. A short shado
or chimney B is also similarly secured, and conducts the products of combus-
tion upwards into the dome of the outer shade A. In applying these shades,
the base C of the lamp is modified to receive the outer shade, and also for the
reception of the shade or chimney B enclosing the light. The base is provided
with holes e, e, e, to admit the supply of air to the flame, while the outer ring
of holes fff, shown in Figure 8, affords an exit downwards for the heated
products of combustion, as shown by the direction of the arrows. The lamp D
is screwed or otherwise secured in the centre of the base C for the convenience

page_text: of removal for trimming the lamp, or it may be a fixture thereto, and the
shades made to screw off and on for that purpose.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention intended to be secured
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the formation of glass shades for gas and other artificial lights in the
manner and as herein-before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5
of the annexed Drawings; I also claim the formation of lenses in such glass
shades as herein-before described.
And, scondly, I claim the arranging and combining two glass shades with
a lamp or candle, as herein-before described with reference to Figures 6, 7, and
8 in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Henry Bachhoffner, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
GEO. H. BACHHOFFNER. (L.S.)
Witness,
W. CLARK, Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane, London.