CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER USES
Year: 1834

page_text: YATES SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
THOMAS YATES, late of John Street, Cambridge Heath, in the County of
Middlesex, but now of John Street, in the Parish of Whitechapel, in the
said County, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, did
by His Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-four, in the fourth year of His reign, give and grant unto
me, the said William Thomas Yates, my executors, adininistrators, and assigns,
Ilis especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
William Thomas Yates, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the
term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my
Invention of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER
USES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the
said William Thomas Yates, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the
said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same, refer-
ence being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Thomas Yates, do hereby declare that my lavention of "Certain I'm-
provements in Boilers for Steam Engines and other uses is herein set forth
and explained, and in order to render the description more intelligible, I have
annexed Drawings of boilers or vessels of different forms and constructions
applicable to the generation of steam from water or other fluids, or for the
evaporation or chrystallization of any chemical fluids or mixtures, as well as for
the condensation or refrigeration of the steam of water, or of the steam or
vapour of any chemical fluids or mixtures, or for the heating and rarefaction of
air and gases, or for other uses. The large size of steam generators, and their
heavy expence of fuel, and also the large size of condensers, have hitherto
been a great disadvantage or impediment in their use; but my Invention reduces
the extreme dimensions by increasing the acting surfaces of the vessels, through
forming compartments by means of tubes or divisions of other forms, either within
or around the said vessels; and to which, when in use, a revolving, semi-revolving,
or a reciprocating motion is given by machinery or any other power, and by
which all parts of the surfaces, or such parts as may be required, are alike sub-
jected to operation: I prefer working them in a horizontal position, but they may
be worked in a vertical or an inclined position. A cylindrical form both for
boilers or large vessels, as well as for tubes, would in most cases be best, but
they may be made elliptical, or any regular or irregular form or figure.
Wrought iron properly formed and rivetted together would for most purposes be
preferable, but they may be made of any other fit and proper material. It is
indifferent whether the vessels be used separately or whether two or more are
combined; but in the following descriptions, only one vessel of each construc-
tion is described. The same vessel may be used either for the generation of
steam or for the evaporation of fluids, and for the rarefaction of air and gases,
by working it in, or over, or by a heating medium, or it may be used for con-
densation by being worked in water or any other cooling medium. I will now
explain the Drawings.
the
Figure 1 is a transverse section, and Figure 2 a side view of the same vessel,
which I will now represent, adapted for generating high pressure steam;
same letters refer to like parts in both Figures. a, a, the external ring or sur-
face of the boiler, which is perforated, and from side to side of which pass a
series of tubes or flues b, b, which at the same time act as stays or braces to
keep the boiler from either collapsing or distending, they being very securely
rivetted or otherwise fastened at each end to the surface of the boiler; c, c, the
ends of the boiler, and which are also perforated and provided with flues d, d,
passing through and secured like the flues b, b. In all these flues there is

page_text: either flame or heated air constantly passing during the time it is in use.
c, e, the bearings of the boiler, which work on friction rollers; f. f. pipe for
conveying steam from boiler to the separator g; m, a conical flange pointing
downwards from the top of the pipe f to keep the water when in motion from
running into the said pipe, and thereby mixing with the steam; h, h, a
small pipe to return condensed steam or water from separator to boiler; i, the
steam exit pipe from separator; o. o. the injection pipe, which may come in
at the other end of the boiler if more convenient; k, a worm wheel, fixed
to the bearing of the boiler and worked by the worm 7, thus giving the
boiler a rotary motion. All pipes entering through the axis into the boiler or
main vessel, as f. h. o, must be fitted with a tight cone or stuffing box.
Figure 3 is an end view, and Figure 4 a longitudinal section, of a boiler or
vessel adapted for generating low pressure steam, or as an evaporator for
chemical or other purposes. The same letters refer to both Figures: a is the
boiler; b, the steam exit pipe, with valve at c; d, the lever, and e the weight
of valve; ff the bearings of boiler, which revolve between the friction rollers
9, 9, 9, colored red; h, the injection pipe. Figure 5 is an end view of a boiler
exhibiting my plan for ganging water in boilers. Figure 6 is a side view of
the same; the same letters apply to both Figures. a, the end of the boiler;
b, the bearing of the boiler; c, the gauge pipe, bent at right angles, one end of
which dips into the boiler, and the other limb of it passes through the bearing
of the boiler in which it is fitted so as to move freely, but steam-tight, in a
circular or revolving direction; d is an index fixed upon the pipe c; e is a cock,
also fixed upon the pipe c; f is the graduated index plate fixed to the axis
on which the boiler bearing works. When it is required to gauge the water
in the boiler, open the cock e, turn down the index, and which will also carry
down the gauge pipe c till the water will blow through the cock e, and out of the
exterior end of the pipe c, when the index d will shew the number of inches in
depth of water in the boiler, by referring to the graduated index plate f. This
mode of gauging may be made self-acting by affixing a float ball h to the pipe c,
when, on opening the cock e, the index will give the true depth of water
without being adjusted by hand. Figure 7 is a side view, and Figure 8 is an
end view, of a high pressure steam generator, constructed entirely of tubes.
The same letters refer to like parts in both Figures. a, the main or central
tube; b, b, smaller tubes. into which the curved tubes d, d. are jointed;
c, c, the radial connecting tubes, joining the main tube a with the smaller tubes
b, b; c, e. the bearings of boiler; f. ascending tube to separator g; h, the educ-
tion steam pipe; i, a partition in the main tube a, which prevents the water from
the injection pipe k, flowing too far along the said main pipe or tube a. The
59,

page_text: plan prefer of uniting the before-named tubes is by screwing them together
with right and left hand screws, but flange or other connections may be adopted.
Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 shew vessels on the same principles as
those which I have herein-before described, but of different forms of construc-
tion. Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of a boiler or vessel for other uses. It
consists of the vessel a, a, with a number of tubes b, b, cach nearly the extent
of a semicircle, attached at each end to the exterior of the vessel, both ends of
each tube communicating with the interior of the vessel; c, c, tubes open at
each end, as described in Figures 1 and 2, pass through from side to side of the
vessel, which serve the double purposes of flues or channels of outward com-
munication, and of stays or braces, to keep the sides of the vessel in proper
form. Figure 10 is a longitudinal section of a boiler or vessel, divided into
several transverse chambers or parallel separations, divided in general from each
other, yet communicating with each other throughout the series; a, a, the
chambers communicating by the perforated pipes b, b. Figure 11 is a side
view of a boiler or vessel for other uses, the exterior of which vessel is sur-
rounded or encased with a continued spiral line of tubes or pipes p, p. The
liquid to be acted upon is taken up at the commencement of the spiral line b,
which at this part comes withinside the vessel; then, coiling or running around
the exterior (when used as a generator of steam), the other end a communicates
with the vessel and delivers its steam, whence it is conveyed away as described in
Figure 2. To use this as an effective condenser or refrigerator the casing or
vessel c, c, may be dispensed with. Figure 12 is a side view, and Figure 13 is
a transverse section, of a generator or condenser, composed of tubes, with a
chamber at each end; a, a, the tubes, pipes, or channels, connecting both the
end chambers b, c. The supply is delivered into the chamber e by the pipe d.
and the product taken out by the pipe c. Figure 14 is a side view of a boiler or
vessel adapted for the raising or generation of high pressure steam or other uses,
and which is composed of a number of transverse chambers a, a, the sides of
which are of a curved form; the said chambers are united along the centers as
well as at or near the extremities, by pipes or other means shewn at b, b,
through which the contents thereof may freely pass throughout the series into
the exit chamber e, from whence it is taken as described in Figure 2. Figure 15
is a vertical section of a vessel adapted for the chrystallization, sublimation, or
concretion of any liquid matter, or for the heating or rarefaction of air; a, a,
the vessel which divides in halves at the flange joint b. The funnel syphon c
might be used as a feeder with advantage in many processes. This vessel is
constructed in two or more parts, in order that, if used as a chrystallizer, it may
at the end of the process be taken apart to remove the solid product. According

page_text: to the purpose which any of the nine vessels I have herein described may
be applied, so must minor alterations be adopted, either as additions or
deductions, which would readily be discovered by any person conversant with
the operation required to be performed. For instance, Figures 1 and 2 represent
a vessel calculated for raising high pressure steam, yet the working medium
being reversed, that is, cold liquor being applied instead of fire, it is equally
applicable as a refrigerator or condenser; but in this use it would no longer
require the separator g, neither would this be required if the vessel was in use
as an evaporator, or for heating air to warm buildings or other uses. Although
furnaces, cold liquor vats, valves, man-holes, and such other well-known and
necessary contrivances or detailed matters are omitted in the Drawings to pre-
vent confusion, yet they are nevertheless to be applied in practice. When
vessels are required only for condensation, they need not be so strong as for
raising low pressure steam, nor in this uso so strong as when employed in
generating high pressure steam. The fittest speed or rate of motion, or
the kind of motion, must be governed by the object to be pursued, and which
can only be obtained by practice. The high pressure boiler shewn at Figures
1 and 2, I find works most profitably in giving motion to a locomotive carriage
at two revolutions per minute. The explanations which I have herein given
are, to. the best of my judgment and belief, clear and fully explicit and
sufficient, and to be easily understood by any person acquainted with the sub-
jects to which they relate. And I hereby declare that my Invention consists
entirely in giving motion either rotary, reciprocating, or otherwise to vessels
whose operating surfaces are increased by small divisions or compartments,
either flat or curved, or by the application of tubes or small cylindrical flues in or
over such vessel, or framed together by themselves, by which means fluids may
be heated or evaporated, or crystallization or sublimation effected, or air heated
or rarefied with greater speed, less fuel, and less wear of the vessels than hitherto ;
and further, that by using the same vessel in the same manner, but in a cooling
medium, condensation or refrigeration may be performed more rapidly and
with greater advantage and economy than heretofore; and further, that by
means of a bent or curved tube, one end of which is within the vessel, and the
other passing through the axle upon which the vessel revolves, the depth of
water contained in such vessel can at any time be ascertained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thomas Yates, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
WILLIAM THOMAS (L.s.) YATES.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-third day of July,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Thomas Yntes came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and everything therein contained in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute
in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Twenty-third day of July, in the year above written.
Inrolled the same Twenty-third day of July, in the year above written.