IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN GAZOGENE APPARATUS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Adolphe Garnaud, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN GAZOGENE APPARATUS USED FOR
THE PRODUCTION OF AERATED LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 2nd March 1855, and dated the 7th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Adolphe Garnaud
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his l'etition, on the
7th September 1854.
I, PAUL ADOLPHE GARNAUD, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 16,
Castle Street, Holborn (City), London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN GAZOGENE APPARATUS USED FOR
THE PRODUCTION OF AERATED LIQUIDS" to be as follows, viz.:-
My Invention applies to those gazogene apparatus in which the water or
liquid is aürated by the action of said liquid upon acids and alkalis, such as
tartaric acid and bicarbonate of soda.
This Invention consists in lodging in the lower or gas-generating portion of
said apparatus a receiver for holding the acid used in aërating. This acid
holder may have any convenient shape, such as a cylindrical one, and may be
fixed in any suitable portion of the lower part. I generally prefer to fix it at

page_text: the bottom of the rose end of the tube, by which the liquid is let down upon
the acid and alkali below. This acid holder is stopped at the bottom by a glass
or other convenient stopper, ground into its place; this stopper can be taken
out when it is in one position, and by turning it round it is kept in its seat by
undercut lugs, into which fit corresponding projections; on the stopper is per-
forated with a capillary conical hole, the hole tapering from inside to outside.
One or more-other-capillary perforations cross this conical hole, so as to con-
nect the middle about of said hole with the outer surface of the stopper. The
way of using this apparatus is by pouring into the acid holder some acid,
cheaper than tartaric acid, such as sulphuric acid; this acid will be prevented
from running out by the pressure of the atmosphere outside the acid holder.
The generating vessel receives the usual alkali, and upon the liquid being let
down, and as soon as the liquid begins to immerse the capillary holes in the
stopper, the acid will be its specific gravity descend into the fluid, and cause
gases to be evolved as usual; the sulphuric acid continuing to percolate down
into the liquid below by capillary drops, and being replaced by a rising column
of said liquid; so that ultimately all the acid is expended.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Paul Adolphe Garnaud in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
ADOLPHE GARNAUD, of Paris, now of Neuilly, in the Empire of France, and of
16, Castle Street, Holborn (City), London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Paul Adolphe Garnaud, Her special licence that I, the said Paul
Adolphe Garnaud, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Paul Adolphe Garnaud, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN GAZOGENE. APPARATUS USED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF

page_text: AERATED LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Paul Adolphe Garnaud, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Adolphe Garnaud, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained 'in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention applies to those gazogene apparatus in which the water or
liquid is aërated by the action of said liquid upon acids and alkalis, such as
tartaric acid and bicarbonate of soda.
These improvements consist in lodging in the lower or gas-generating portion
of said apparatus a receiver for holding the acid used in aërating. This acid
holder may have any convenient shape, such as cylindrical, and may be fixed
in any suitable portion of the lower part of the aürating vessel, but I generally
prefer to fix it at the bottom of the rose end of the tube, by which the liquid is
let down upon the acid and alkali below. This acid holder is stopped at the
bottom by a glass or any other convenient stopper, ground into its place; this
stopper can be taken out when it is in one position, and by turning it round it
is kept in its seat by undercut lugs, into which fit corresponding dovetail pro-
jections on the stopper. The stopper is perforated with a capillary conical
hole tapering from inside to outside. There is also one or
more. other
capillary holes, so as to connect the middle about of the conical hole with the
outside. The way of using this apparatus is by pouring into the acid 'holder
some acid, cheaper than tartaric acid, such as sulphuric acid; this acid will be
prevented from running out by the pressure of the atmosphere, or of the air
outside the acid holder. The generating vessel receives the usual alkali, and
upon the liquid being let down, and as soon as it begins to immerse the
capillary holes in the stopper, the acid will by its specific gravity descend into
the fluid, and cause gases to be evolved as usual; the sulphuric acid continuing
to percolate down into the liquid below by capillary drops, and being replaced
by a rising column of said liquid, so that ultimately all the acid is expended."
Having thus briefly set forth the nature of my Invention, I will now proceed
to shew the manner in which my improvements may actually be carried out;
and for this purpose I have on the accompanying Drawing represented a sec-
tional elevation of an acid holder as applied to one of Briet's gazogene-bottles.
is the acid holder; which is made of glass, crystal, or; any other suitable

page_text: material which is not liable to being corroded by acids. This acid holder is
fixed to the end of the rose tube without having any communication with it.
The size of this acid holder must be taken in such manner as to contain all
the acid necessary for decomposing the bicarbonate of soda. is the stopper,
which in one position is retained by the undercut lugs c, c, upon the glass tube
a, and when turned can be withdrawn from the acid holder for filling the same.
The remaining portions of the Figure represent the same arrangement of tubes
as in aërated liquid bottles, known by the name of Briet's, and will therefore
require no further explanation. In order to make aërated water with this
apparatus, it is unscrewed or taken to pieces, and the upper portion of the
vessel is filled with water, the necessary quantity of bicarbonate of soda being
put in the lower portion; the acid holder a is then filled with the necessary
quantity of sulphuric acid and closed. The different parts of the apparatus
being screwed home again, the aërating process is carried on in the usual way,
the apparatus acting in the manner above alluded to, viz., the conical hole in
the stopper of the acid holder being very small, the acid contained in it is
prevented from running out by the atmospheric pressure, the acid thus acting
only when the acid holder begins to be immersed in the water which descends
from the upper chamber of the aërating bottle. The sulphuric acid then,
owing to its specific gravity, will run out by drops on account of the smallness
of the hole, and this percolation is facilitated by a transverse hole d through
the stopper. The sulphuric acid is thus gradually replaced by water, which is
next also expelled by the carbonic acid, evolved in such manner that the acid
holder, although being immersed in the surrounding liquid, is left quite empty,
and ready to receive another charge of sulphuric acid. By this mode of action
the sulphuric acid is saturated as it enters the solution, which never ceases to
be alkaline during the process, and the quantity of sulphuric acid being such
as to totally decompose the bicarbonate of soda, there only will remain in the
receiver a solution of neutral sulphate of soda, which is quite clear, and leaves
no sediment or precipitate whatever in the apparatus, nor is liable to corrode
it. I am fully aware that sulphuric acid has already been tried as a substitute
for the more expensive acids used in aërating waters; but this application
failed with the ordinary apparatus on account of the acidity of the solution,
which is entirely avoided by the acid holder above described. Hence it will
be seen that by means of my improvements sulphuric acid may safely be
used instead of tartaric acid, and thus a great economy in aërating liquids is
introduced.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that

page_text: what I claim as.novel, and being secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is, the use of an acid holder for using sulphuric or
any other cheap acid instead of the more expensive acids, substantially as
described above.
In witness whereof, I, said Paul Adolphe Garnaud, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Third day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
P. A. GARNAUD, Ph" P. (L.S.)