IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mary Jane Fearnley, Widow and Executrix of
the late Samuel Fearnley, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
and Charles Smith, of Great Horton, near Bradford, in the County
BAD
of York, for the Invention of Tamme
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left hv. the said Mary Jane Fearnley and
Charles Smith at the Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st July 1867.
We, MARY JANE FEARNLEY, Widow and Executrix of the late Samuel
Fearnley, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, and CHARLES SMITH, of
Great Horton, near Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of an improved positive taking up motion for
énabling the fabric to be wound on the cloth beam in a more perfect and
regular manner than has hitherto been accomplished. We employ the ordinary
ratchet-wheel driven by a catch from the slay sword, and fixed to the shaft of
the ratchet wheel or cast to its boss, a toothed wheel gearing into a toothed wheel
working on a stud in a lever connected by a rod to a bar or rod resting on the
cloth on the cloth beam. To the boss of the last wheel is fixed or cast a plain
wheel or plate carrying a number of catches catching into a second ratchet
wheel fixed to a shaft working in a stationary bearing, which shaft is geared by

page_text: pinions and toothed wheels with the shaft of the cloth beam, and as the cloth
on the beam increases in diameter the plate and catches rise with it. When
the loom is working the ordinary ratchet wheel gives motion by the gearing to
the plate and catches, and turns the second ratchet wheel, and gearing, and
cloth beam, and as the cloth increases in diameter the plate and catches are
raised so as to cause the catches to take less and less of the teeth of the second
ratchet wheel until the beam has attained its full diameter, and thus enables
the taking up to be uniform and positive. Or instead of raising the plate and
catches they may work in stationary bearings, and the second ratchet wheel be
raised by the increasing diameter of the cloth and produce the same effect of
giving positive motion to the cloth beam.
Secondly, for letting off motions the yarn - beam has to be gradually
increased in speed as the yarn is wound off, and when desired the foregoing
arrangements can be applied to the yarn beam by simply reversing their
actions.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Mary Jane Fearnley and Charles Smith in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MARY
JANE FEARNLEY, Widow and Executrix of the late Samuel Fearnley, of
Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, and CHARLES SMITH, of Great
Horton, near Bradford, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Mary Jane Fearnley and Charles Smith, Her special license
that we, the said Mary Jane Fearnley and Charles Smith, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Mary
Jane Fearnley and Charles Smith, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Mary Jane Fearnley and Charles Smith, our

page_text: executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
ascer-
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Mary Jane Fearnley and Charles
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Figures on the accompanying two Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of
reference marked thereon (that is to say) :—
"
This Invention consists, first, of an improved positive "taking up motion
for enabling the fabric to be wound on the cloth beam in a more perfect and
regular manner than has hitherto been accomplished. We employ the ordinary
ratchet wheel driven by a propelling catch from the slay sword, and fix to the
shaft of the ratchet wheel or cast, to its boss, a toothed wheel gearing into a
toothed wheel working on a stud in a lever connected by a rod to a bar or rod
resting on the cloth on the cloth beam. To the boss of the last wheel is fixed
or cast a plain wheel or plate carrying a number of catches catching into a
second ratchet wheel fixed to a shaft working in a stationary bearing, which
shaft is geared by pinions and toothed wheels with the shaft of the cloth beam,
and as the cloth on the beam increases in diameter the plate and catches rise
with it. When the loom is working the ordinary ratchet wheel gives motion
by the gearing to the plate and catches and turns the second ratchet wheel,
gearing, and cloth beam, and as the cloth increases in diameter the plate and
catches are raised so as to cause the catches to take less and less of the teeth
of the second ratchet wheel until the beam has attained its full diameter, and
thus enable the taking up to be uniform and positive.
Secondly, for letting off motions the yarn beam has to be gradually
increased in speed as the yarn is wound off, and when desired the foregoing
arrangements can be applied to the yarn beam by simply reversing their
actions.
'
On the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, Figs. 1 and 2, are end and
front elevations, drawn to a scale of four inches to the foot, of part of a loom
provided with one of our improved "taking-up motions," and Figs. 3 and 4
are end and front elevations of parts of the same drawn about full size.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a represents one of the end frames of the loom; b, one
of the slay swords; c, the cloth beam; d, the ordinary ratchet wheel; e, the

page_text: propelling catch; and f, the holding catch. To the ratchet wheel d, Figs. 1,
2, 3, and 4, is fixed the spur wheel g, and both may be fixed to a shaft
working in bearings, or work loose on the stationary shaft h' to which is jointed
the lever i having at the front end a slot k and near the middle a stud 1,
Figs. 3 and 4. The ratchet wheel dis turned by the propelling catch e on the
arm m, Figs. 1 and 2, worked in the usual manner by the tail n fixed to one
of the slay swords b. The spur wheel 9 gears into the spur wheel o on the
stud 1, and to the lever i is linked the rod p attached to the arm fixed to the
rod r, which rests on the top of the cloth on the cloth beain, and has its ends
placed in guides s fixed to the end frames of the loom.. To the wheel,o is fixed
the circular plate't carrying six catches or claws u for catching the teeth and
giving revolving motion to the ratchet wheel fixed to the shaft w working in
bearings fixed to the end frame a, and carrying at its other end the pinion
gearing into the toothed wheel y carrying the pinion gearing into the toothed
wheel a fixed to the shaft of the cloth beam-c.--In Figs.-3 and 4, the lever i,
the plate t, and catches u are shewn in two positions, the lower one coire-
sponding with the bare cloth-beam at-or before the-commencement. of winding
on, and the upper one with the beam covered with its full amount of cloth,
and in Figs. 1 and 2, the lever and parts are at half stroke corresponding with
-the cloth beam covered with half its quantity of cloth, and it will be seen that
when the lever and parts are in their lowest positions, that the centre of the
circular plate t is below the centre of the ratchet wheel'v for enabling the
catches, one after the other, to retain their hold on the teeth for a large portion
of the circumference, and thereby give the greatest movement to the ratchet
wheel in proportion to the movement of the circular plate; thus when the
loom is set in motion and the holding catch placed in the teeth of the
ratchet wheel & the propelling catch e turns the ratchet and spur wheels d, g,
the spur wheel 0, and the circular platet with its catches u, which catches one
after the other catch the teeth of the ratchet wheel vand maintain hold of
them until they pass their centres of gravity, moving first sideways and then
downwards to the pins 6', Figs. 3 and 4, or to a flange on the plate out of reach
of the teeth; and as at the commencement of winding on the catches maintain
their hold of the largest number of teeth and give the greatest movement to the
- ratchet wheel v it follows that the greatest motion is given to the gearing
aud cloth beam. As the winding on proceeds the lever i, plate t, and catches
u are raised so that the catches shall maintain hold of a less and less number
of the teeth of the ratchet wheel, thereby causing the cloth beam to revolve at
a gradually diminishing speed, and enabling the cloth to have the same number
of picks to the inch at the termination of winding on as at the commencement.

page_text: We have shewn six catches u on the circular plate t, as we find it a
convenient number for enabling several catches to be always in gear with the
ratchet wheel v, but it is evident that the number may be increased or diminished
as desired, and also that the strength and dimensions of the circular plate,
catches, and ratchet wheel may be varied according to the requirements.
Instead of raising the circular plate t and catches u, they may work in
stationary bearings, and the ratchet wheel v be raised by the increasing diameter
of the cloth beam, and produce the same effect of giving positive motion, to
the cloth beam; or the circular plate t and spur wheels g, o, may be dispensed
with, and the catches placed on the ordinary ratchet wheel d working in
connection with a second ratchet wheel v lowered by the increasing diameter
of the cloth, and if desired the ordinary ratchet wheel d may be raised, and
the second ratchet wheel v work in stationary bearings, or one may be raised
and the other lowered simultaneously.
It will be readily understood that if the revolving catches are caused at first
to take only a few teeth of the ratchet wheel and afterwards to take a
gradually increasing number that a gradually increasing motion will be given
to the ratchet wheel and gearing communicating with it, and thus enable this
Invention to be applied as a letting-off motion for the yarn beam.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be under-
stood that we claim,-
First, the revolving catches u on the circular plate t, or on the ordinary
ratchet wheel d, in connection with the second ratchet wheel v, and the system
of raising the catches or lowering the ratchet wheel for giving a gradually
diminishing motion to the cloth beam.
And, secondly, the employment of the before-mentioned parts with their
actions reversed for the letting-off motion of the yarn beam, as all such
improvements are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying two
Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Smith, for and on behalf of myself
and the said Mary Jane Fearnley, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this 28th day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight