IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF Saves AR TARD PAR AMD Dunnoose
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Uriah Scott, of 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS OF
Saves
AR
TARD PAR
AMD Dunnoose "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Uriah Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1874.
I, URIAH SCOTT, of 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS
OF THE SAME, SOME OF WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
First. The improvements consist in the opening and closing the heads.
or coverings for carriages and railway trucks by the use of india-rubber,
spiral, or other shaped springs of steel to assist in opening and closing
them in connection with or without the outside joints and fixing locks

page_text: ९
to them, to do without the outside joints to keep them firmly in their
position, and I also make the framing that receives the outside covering
double up in a small space by the use of a light framing in lieu of the
present state. I use cog wheels, levers, rods, and racks, with springs
fixed to them in various parts of the body of the carriage. I fix a lever
to the cant rail, and at the end of this lever I fix a socket, and a rod
will pass up this socket with a spiral spring on it, the other end of the
spring rod to be fixed to some part of the body of the carriage below
the pillar joint or hinge. I also use a method connected with a lock
that when the cant rail is raised it will unlock the head, and when
pressed down in its place it will lock itself and keep the head up firm. In
lieu of lever and socket and lock I use cog wheels and racks connected
with bracket fixed to back of pillar and cant rail to turn them over by
the assistance of the springs. When outside joints are used I fix a tube
to prop on to the cant rail, and a rod is to work in this tube, so that by
raising the cant rail it will strike the outside joint, or a handle can be
used to strike the head instead.
Secondly. In suspending the body of railway carriages I make the
body as usual, and also the under frame; and at the two ends of the frame
I make upright supports and fix them to the under frame firmly, one of
these supports at each corner; I then fix a bar across and connect them
together by bolts. In the centre of these two bars I make holes, one in
each; I then fix metal plates at each end of the body of the carriage;
these plates are to be brought up to the roof of the carriage, the two
plates are also to have holes in each to correspond with the two holes in
the bars between the two supports on the framing. I then pass a shaft
through the holes in the bars on the framing and the two plates on the
body so as to support the body of the carriage from the top in lieu of at
the bottom as is now done, so that the carriage will be suspended from
the framing and will prevent shocks and vibration to the passenger. To
keep it from rolling in going round curves I apply india-rubber, either
tensile or contractile, or I buckle the body down to the framing; the
buckle I make as follows:-So that the strap can be released with ease I
make my buckle frame where the tongue rests with a sliding piece, so
that when it is pulled it will let the tongue through and release the
strap without pulling the strap back as now is done. I can also apply
springs of steel or india-rubber to the upper part of these carriages to
give ease by connecting the springs with the upper parts of the supports

page_text: on the framing and top of the carriage body. I can also form the
framing as a truck containing water, and I make the bottom of the
carriage water-tight, and it is to float in this tank forming the framing to
keep it central. I fix a shaft at each end of the body and let them work
in two grooves fixed inside of the tank to keep them central.
Thirdly. I use india-rubber spiral or other shaped springs for head
locks inside the carriage head and lamp sockets locks, and at the ends of
the carriage springs to prevent them rattling, and I also apply india-
rubber, felt, or similar material round the periphery of the wheels to
make them quict. I insert metal plates in one or more pieces in the
india-rubber with holes in them to receive screws, so that they can be
fixed to the periphery of the wheel, then through the felloe and outside
tyre; or the rubber can be placed between two tyres and fixed together
with bolts. To keep the bolts tight I use spiral steel or india-rubber
washers, and also place india-rubber between the spokes and stock of
wheel, or the india-rubber can be cemented on the metal on the inner
side and fixed on the wheel.
Fourthly. Making breaks for railway carriages, trucks, and tenders. I
fix on one part of a carriage or tender a metal lever with a bolt, so that
the lever can move freely, and at the other end of this lever I fix a
break block the section of the periphery of the wheel; this lever to be
long enough to grip the tire of the wheel below the centre, these breaks
to be on all the carriages, and on the tender or the guard's van, and the
breaks are to be connected together by a chain, rods, or similar means, so
as they can be applied to all the wheels in a train, so that when the breaks
fall down they will secure the wheels; and when not applied by the guard
they can be applied by signal box by having a projection from tender or
guard's van to come in contact with something on the line which will
instantly allow the breaks to fall on the wheels and stop the train; these
breaks will also do for common road carriages. I also apply a method
of calling the guard's attention to any part of the train when required
by fixing a toothed wheel on the axle shaft and allow something coming
in contact with it; as it revolves it will strike it and make a great noise.
By fixing a sliding apparatus inside of the body of the carriage a shaft
can fall down on the toothed wheel on the axle and a shaft can come up
through. the roof of the carriage at the same time and call the attention.
of the guard to where he is wanted, all the carriages are to be fitted up
so that any passenger can call the guard.
>

page_text: you.
Fifthly. I also apply cog wheels with levers connected with them to
assist in raising and lowering the steps of carriages, and these levers.
and cog wheels will do also for moving divided seats in carriages, so by
go. .from
drawing one seat towards you the other half will
I use for
this purpose. the following plan:-I fix two cog wheels so as to gear
together; and fixed to the two wheels are two levers, and one half of
each seat is fixed to two ends of these levers, and by the two cog
wheels acting against each other will allow the seat to divide in the
centre, so that a person can get to the seat without getting up over the
wheels as at present, or I can use levers connected together in the form
of lazy tongs and fix them in the centre to bottom of carriage by a pin,
and fix one seat at each end of them to open and close them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the. conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Uriah Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, URIAH
SCOTT, of 1, North Street, Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of July, in the year
of our Lord One, thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Uriah Scott, Her
special licence that I, the said Uriah Scott, my exccutors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Uriah Scott,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Islc, of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND VARIOUS PARTS
OF THE SAME, SOME OF WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES,” upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Uriah Scott, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,

page_text: or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner,
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Uriah Scott, do hereby. declare.
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:
First. The improvement consists in the opening and closing the heads
or coverings of carriages and railway trucks by the use of india-rubber
spiral and other shaped springs to assist in opening and closing them in
connection with or without the outside joints, and also fixing locks to
them to do without the outside joints. I also make the framing that'
supports the outside covering double up in a small space by the use of a
light framing.
i
The following Drawings will show the method I adopt; cach quarter!
of the carriage is to be fitted alike.
Fig. 1 shows a quarter of a carriage with outside joints with spiral>
and steel spring, only one need be used. a, the cant rail; b, pillar;;
c, socket; d, lever; one end working in socket c, and the other end fitted
to prop E; F, outside joint G, steel spring with lover at the end, the
other end fixed to pillar H, showing how spiral springs are used..
Fig. 2 is plan to keep the carriage head up without the outside joints;
a, a, levers to cant rail and lock. When the cant rail is raised it will
release the spring rod and allow the head to fall, and by raising the head
it will relock itself again. c, spring rod; d, spiral spring; E, socket;
F, bolt passing through the tube into the hole in the rod. On I fix a
lever to the prop inside the carriage to raise the cant rail.
;
a.
'
:
Fig. 3 also shows a method to do without the outside joints. a, lever
working on stud on the cant rail and fitted to pillar to act as a bolt to
pass through the tube into the hole in the spring rod, so that when the
cant rail is raised it will unlock it; b, spring; c, socket; d, nut'; 'a lever
can be used fixed to prop on pillar to raise the cant rail to be used inside:
the carriage; by depressing the lever it will raise the cant rail and;
unlock it.

page_text: Fig. 4 shows a spiral spring fitted to cant rail plan as shown in Fig. 1.
a, tube and rod work inside the spiral spring. a, tube for rod b to
work in; c, nut to regulate the power of the spring.
Fig. 5 is the same plan on cant as Fig. 1. a, lever with roller at the
end to press against steel spring, this lever to revolve freely on the
prop; b, c, roller; d, rod fixed to elbow and to the end of lever a; E,
steel spring.
Fig. 6 shows is plan of applying steel springs to the back of the
pillar, the same plan is used on cant rail as in Fig. 1. a, roller to lever;
b, c, steel spring.
Fig. 7 same on cant rail as Fig. 1. a is a rod sliding in tube; b, c,
spiral or india-rubber spring; d, bracket to fix tube to the pillar; F, nut
to rod.
Fig. 8 shows a cog wheel and rack applied to turn over the cant rail.
In this plan it also shows a method of making a framing for a carriage
head to fold up. a, a, a, framing of carriage; b, connecting rod; one
end fitted to the back of framing a, and the other to a rod working at
the back of the pillar. When the cant rail is raised it will double up
the framing, and when up it will keep the outside leather or other
covering tight; b, rack; c, cog wheel.
Fig. 9 shows two plans connected with springs and levers with the
outside joints on the pillar; or elbow, spiral, or india-rubber and steel
springs can be used. a, pillar; b, elbow; C, C, springs; d, d, levers to
props; E, outside joints.
Fig. 10 is a plan for folding up the framing of a carriage. a, a, a, a,
the framing; b, b, b, b, hinges or joints; c, india-rubber or spiral
spring; d, steel spring; E, lever to end of spring, end fitted to
pillar.
Fig. 11 shows a steel spring on the socket fitted to lever attached to
prop acting on the outside joint. a, b, socket; c, steel spring; c, rod;
d, lever.
Fig. 12 shows a method of raising and lowering single headed car-
riages and locking them to keep the head firm. a, the socket for spring
rod to pass up when the head is lowered; b, the rod; C, spiral spring;
d, nut to tighten the spring on rod.

page_text: Fig. 13 shows this lock full size. a, plate to fix lock to framing;
b, spring rod; c, spiral spring; d, spiral on rod; E, handle to screw bolt
to pass through tube and the spring rod 6; F, screw bolt; g, tapped nut
for it to work in.
Fig. 14 shows a method of folding the heads of carriages. a, a, a, the
framing; b,hinges, or joint springs can be used to assist in raising them
as shown in former figures; the hand levers inside can be used in all the
carriage heads shown, as in Fig. 3.
Fig. 15 is a method of making a framing to receive a covering to be
used. When required it can be fixed to a carriage or can be applied when
wanted to keep the rain or sun off. This framing will fall within the
body of the carriage and take up a small space. This plan will do for
most open carriages, as the forepart of a barouche, and also for waggon-
ettes, pleatons, tram cars, and railway trucks or carts. a, framing of
the body of a carriage; b, b, b, joints; c, c, c, the framing to receive the
covering, the plan shown is the forc part of a barouche.
Fig. 16 is a method of suspending the bodies of railway carriages. I
make the bodies as usual, and also the under framing at the two ends.
I make supports and fix them to the framing, I then fix the body of the
carriage to the top parts of these supports so as to suspend them; and to
keep them from rolling too much I buckle them down to the framing
instead of having to pull back the strap to release the tongue. I make
a screw for the tongue of the buckle to rest upon. When this screw is
turned it will let the tongue through and release the strap. These
buckles or the screw part will do to release traces and shafts as shown in
Figs. R, S, T. I can also apply india-rubber or steel springs to the
upper parts of these carriages to make them more easy, and also to
prevent shocks: I form the under framing of sheet metal so as to
hold water and let the body of the carriage float within; and to keep it
in the centre of this tank I fix two shafts, one on each end of the body
of the carriago to work freely in two grooves fitted to the inside of this
tank. This method would likewise form a safety cabin for ships and
prevent the cabin rolling in rough seas. a, carriage frame; b, metal
supports; c, carriage body. Several supports can be used to support the
body besides the two at the ends of the framing. India-rubber can be
used instead of buckles and straps to keep them from rolling.

page_text: Fig. 17 is part of a buckle. a, buckle frame; b, tongue; c, screw
bolt to release the tongue and the strap.
Fig. 18 is a head lock for carriages. a, a, is a metal disc in two parts
fixed to the roof; b, is a narrow strap of metal working in rabbet of
metal disc a; c, a spring to prevent the. parts rattling.
Fig. 19 is a lamp socket to fix
carriage to fit the lamp iron into.
spring; d, lever to fix lamp iron.
on the back of a lamp or against a
a, the socket; b, lamp iron; c, steel-
Fig. 20 is a carriage spring. a, framing; b, bracket; c, c, bolt and
nut; d, d, india-rubber.
Fig. 21 is also a carriage spring.. a, the upper spring; 6, the lower
spring; c, d, bolt and nut; E, E, india-rubber.
.
Fig. 22 is a railway carriage spring. a, the frame; b, the bracket;
c, spring; d, E, bolt and nut; f, f, india-rubber; G, G, G, G, metal
washers; h, I, bolt and nut to tighten the spring.
Fig. 23 shows a method of using springs across the carriage instead of
lengthways. a, a, two turnplates sufficiently large to allow the wlieel b
to work up through them; c, c, c, clips to keep wheel plates together;
d, d, d, d, showing how to apply the springs; when using one wheel for
the fore part of a carriage all the locking room will be saved, or by using s
them alone without the single wheel they will be as steady as if four
pairs of springs were used, and ride easily. The springs as shewn can
be applied to all kinds of carriages. I also apply india-rubber or similar
material round the periphery of wheels to make them run quietly. I
insert metal plates in one or more pieces in the india-rubber, or combined
with hard rubber, felt, canvas, or similar material, and these plates of
metal are to have holes tapped in them to receive screws, so as these
elastic tyres can be fixed to the periphery of the wheel through the
felloes and the outside iron tyre as the india-rubber can be placed
between two iron tyres and fixed together on the wheel by bolts or
screws.
.
Fig. 24 is an india-rubber tyre with metal inserted.
rubber; b, iron band; c, bolt to fix it to the wheel.
a, a, india-

page_text: surface I have fixed an india-rubber tyre by making the india-rubber
and iron adhere together in the process of vulcanization. These tyres,
with the india-rubber on them, I fix on to the felloes of wheels by
pressure instead of by heat, as at present practised. These tyres can be
used without the india-rubber and bolted through the flange part of the
tyre through the felloes. These tyres, when with a loose flange, when
bolted together will make a strong wheel.
Fig. 26 shows india-rubber between two metal tyres. a, a, two metal
tyres; b, india-rubber; c, screw.
Fig. 27 is a noiseless tyre. a, metal plate; b, metal bolt to pass
through the wheel to fix it on with.
Fig. 28 is a combination of soft and hard or vulcanite rubber as a
tyre for light work: a, soft india-rubber; b, vulcanite india-rubber; c,
screw to fix it to the wheel. In some cases I insert metal plates as
shown in Fig. 27. These tyres can be made whole or in segments.
Fig: 29 shows a method of insulating the springs of carriages from the
axle or pump handles, or the body from the frame or under carriage:
a, steel spring; b, b, two metal plates; c, c, two pieces of india-rubber;
d, d, two clips to fix the whole to axle or body of a carriage; F bolt
through spring, and forming a key by forcing the india-rubber through
metal plate c; the clips and metal plates are to be wider than the spring,
so that the spring will only come in contact with the india-rubber.
This plan can be used to other parts of carriages by using the same plan
as with the springs. I also make breaks for railway carriages, tenders,
or trucks. I fix on one or more suitable parts of a carriage an apparatus
as shewn in.
Fig. 30 shows one side of a carriage with a double break fixed. a,
bracket fixed framing; b, b, two levers to fix break blocks on; c, c, two
moveable couplings, each end to be fitted to the two levers b, b, and the
two couplings are to be fixed by their centres to bracket a.
On one or
both levers is to be an arm with a rod, as shown in the Drawing, with a
spring upon it, and on the end of this rod is to be a latch bolt and a bar
to hold back the spring rod. The apparatus marked P shows a method
of releasing this break; by pulling one or the other of the cords or chains
it will raise one of the levers and let the breaks on the wheels. These
breaks can be acted upon by chains or rods connected to the guard's van
or the tender, or from the signal box to stop a train going or coming

page_text: from a station, or it can be acted on by electrical means. Fig. 30 also
shows a method of calling the driver or guard's attention to any part of
a train when travelling when required by using the following plans :-I
fix a toothed wheel or similar contrivance on the axle shaft and cause
something to come in contact with it that will make a great noise, and
at the same time a lever or similar thing will be raised over the com-
partment of the carriage where the guard is required. a, cog wheel on
axle; b, a piece of bent metal fixed to rod c. The rod passes up through
the body of the carriage as shown in Drawing; d shaft, with bolt E
placed in a hole in rod c to keep the apparatus away from the cog wheel
on the axel; f is a lever with handle. This lever is to come through the
roof the roof of the carriage and act upon a stud fixed in shaft d, so that
any person pulling the handle on the lever funder the carriage will with-
draw bolt E, and the piece of bent metal will come in contact with the cog
wheel or axel and make a great noise, and the part of lever f which is
outside the carriage will be raised and kept up by being fixed in a rack
so that no one can put it down again from the inside of the carriage, and
the guard will see which compartment requires him. In the other part
of Drawing is a method of making the noise on the roof of the carriage
instead of under the body. In this plan I have a mitre or bevel wheel
fixed on the axel, and a similar wheel on the rod which passes up
through the body of the carriage in a tube to the roof on this end and I
fix a cog wheel to revolve against a gong or something that will make a
great noise when required, the same fittings as shewn will do for
releasing the shaft. In this plan also the rods are to pass up through
the carriage in tubes to protect them. Each compartment of the
carriage is to have the pulling apparatus to act on the shaft d on the
roof; F, lever fitted in case, G, to be made watertight; H, rack to keep
lever up when pulled by the handle at the end of lever F; I, spiral on
rod c to keep a pressure on the cog wheel on the axel; J, metal tube,
Figure S is a cog wheel; b, rod; c, mitre wheel fixed to end of rod 6 to
fall down upon mitre wheel & fixed to axel; E, piece of metal cog
wheel a to work against. The same arrangements will do to explode
detonating caps to call the attention of the guard.
Figure 31 shews a carriage step marked by two wheels and a knuckle
joint. a, a, two cog wheels; b, knuckle joint; c, the step; d, the door;
E, bracket. Figure "V" shews a method of using levers to form steps and
to be opened and closed by the action of the door of the carriage or by

page_text: the hand.
a, the door; b, carriage frame; c, step; d, lever fixed to step
and door; E, E, socket and bolt to keep the step firm; Figure V is also
a step to be used to get up over the wheels in front, or they can be used
at the back of a carriage. a, a fixed casing; b, a sliding case forming a
step; c, c, c, steps; d, a lever connecting the steps, c, c, c; E, frame; F,
.roller. These steps can be used without the sliding case b. I also apply
these wheels and levers to open and shut divided seats for carriages, and
the levers to raise and lower the glass frames and keep them up when
the door is opened in such carriages as landaus.
Figure 32 shews a method of using cog wheels that by drawing one
seat towards you the other seat will go from you. a, a, two cog wheels
attached to two levers, one end of each lever to be fixed to each half
scat.
Figure 33 is also a method of moving the two seats at one time.
a, a, a, a, levers fixed on a pin in the centre; b, b, brackets to fix the
two half seats to.
Figure 34, a plan shewing how to move the two seats at one time by
the action of a lever and pins so as the seats will revolve away from each
other. a, a, two half scats; b, b, two pins for scats to revolve on; c, lever
connecting the two half scats.
Figure 35 is a plan for fixing windows so that landau doors can be
opened with the glass frame up. I displace the outside rabbitt of the
pillars and use the apparatus shewn and lift the glass frame into the
fence on the door, and the jointed levers will keep them up. a, a,
jointed levers; b, glass frame.
Figure 36, a similar method. a, a, jointed levers to glass frame.
Figure 37 is also a method of using rods and tubes are to work in
sockets. a, a, rods hinged to glass frame; b, b, tubes for rods a, a, to
work in; c, c, two sockets for tubes b, b, to work in. India-rubber,
spiral, or steel springs can be used to assist in working these glass
frames.
Figures 38 is also a method of keeping glass frames up. a, a, a, a,
parts of framing of a carriage door; b, glass frame; C, lever fixed
to the glass frame, with holes made in it to receive the bolt of
lock c. This lock is made as shown in Figure 39. This
used as a head lock to landau, and to keep the divided seats of
lock is to be

page_text: carriages together, and to every kind of window frame. Figure B is a
trace buckle; b, toggue; c, lock; d, handle which, when turned, will
release the buckle and trace from the roller beds. Figure S is a method
of making a roller bolt to do without a tracering buckle. The trace is
passed through the space a, and the stud of the lock will fit in a hole
made in the trace. When the handle is turned it will release the trace.
b, handle; c, lock. Figure T is also a method for releasing the trace and
shaft at the same time. The locks a is fixed in the fuchels in lieu of the
shaft by a bolt in the square hole b. A loose fuchel is fixed to the lock
a by the stud c, which will hold it firm. To release the shaft and trace
turn the handle; the trace is to be fixed to the loose fuchel.
In witness whereof, I, the said Uriah Scott, have hereunto set
my hand and scal; this First day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.