Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 14th Jan., 1887.
1 ELLIS CARR of Drummond Road Bermondsey in the County of Surrey Biscuit
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to producing biscuits by forcing the dough through dies.
The dies which I employ are openings of suitable shape in a metal plate and the
dough is cut off by a knife sliding over the surface of the plate at intervals varying
according to the speed of exit of the dough and the thickness of the biscuit required.
In the use of such apparatus it is not easy to secure an even thickness of dough
throughout the biscuit from the fact that there is more friction in the narrower part of
the opening and at the edges than elsewhere.
In order to produce biscuits of even thickness through openings of irregular shape
I vary the thickness of the metal die so as to add friction where there is too little and
reduce it where in excess. Not only do I do this by varying the solid substance of
the metal dic, but also by placing obstructions of various shapes behind the openings
in the metal plate, past which obstructions the dough must be forced, before arriving
at the outlet in the die which gives it its final outline or form.
The dough is thus retarded where from absence of friction it would emerge through
the die too freely.
The shape of the outlet in the metal die is not relied upon entirely for forming the
biscuit in all cases to the required shape but by adjusting the friction the dough as it
energes is retarded on one side with the result that it takes the form of a volute or
scroll. Also the openings in the plate instead of being parallel to the direction in
which the dough travels may be arranged in a more or less oblique direction so that
the stream of dough may be diverted to one side or the other.
The die may in some cases be made to revolve as the dough emerges giving the
appearance to the stream of dough of a cable or plait.
The dough after passing through the die but before being cut off by the knife may
be acted upon by a stamp which alters its form or impresses some lettering or device.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Making Biscuits.
I, ELLIS CARR of Drummond Road, Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey,
Biscuit Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to producing biscuits by forcing the dough through dies.
The dies which I employ are, openings of suitable shape in a metal plate and the
dough is cut off by a knife sliding over the surface of the plate at intervals varying
according to the speed of exit of the dough and the thickness of the biscuit required."
In the use of such apparatus there is more friction in the narrower part of the
opening and at the edges than elsewhere.
Where the friction is large the dough flows slowly and where less it flows at a
higher velocity. Now according to my invention I adjust the velocity of flow by
varying the thickness of the metal die so as to add friction where there is too little
and reduce it, where in excess. Not only do I do this by varying the solid substance
of the metal die, but also by placing obstructions of various shapes behind the
openings in the metal plate, past which obstructions the dough must be forced, before
arriving at the outlet in the die which gives it its final outline or form.
Similarly also to prevent too free a flow I put divisions into the apertures or form
them with divisions or partitions dividing up the aperture or any area of the aperture
where the flow would otherwise be too rapid. Those divisions are obstacles in the way
of the flow of the dough.
The dough is thus retarded where from absence of friction it would emerge through
the die too freely.
The shape of the outlet in the metal dye is not relied upon entirely for forming the
biscuit in all cases to the required shape, but sometimes the dough after passing
through the die but before being cut off by the knife is acted upon by a stamp which
alters its form or impresses some lettering or device.
To obtain the form of volutes or scrolls the stream of dough is made to emerge
through an opening in the plate so formed as to oppose more resistance on one side
than the other: such a die causes the stream of dough to be diverted to one side. The
dough issuing from the die then curls round and being cut off by a knife at suitable
intervals produces the volutes or scrolls desired.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect
I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.

page_text: a is the aperture by which the dough issues, and b is an obstacle which I provide
behind this aperture to prevent the dough from issuing too freely in the central part.
In this case the obstacle is in the form of a cross.
The arrangements for forcing the dough through the die are of the ordinary
sort and the die is mounted preferably so that dough issues in a more or less
upward direction.
A knife operated automatically, passed across the face of the die at regular
intervals, cuts off the dough in suitable uniform pieces or slices and deposits these on
the baking trays.
The application of the obstacle b which is of my invention causes the slices cut off
by the knife to be much more uniform in thickness than they otherwise would be
which not only improves the appearance of the biscuit but causes it to bake uniformly
throughout which it would not otherwise do.
A pattern may be produced on the biscuit by pressing a stamp with a suitable
figure upon it up to the orifice in the die as the dough issues. After removing the
stamp the knife cuts off the slice as already explained.
It is easy in this way to stamp an ornament on the face of the biscuit whereas if
it were attempted to stamp the slices of dough after cutting them off there would be
great difficulty in separating them from the stamp. When the stamping takes place
whilst the dough is still at the orifice no such difficulty is experienced. The stamp is
geared with the knife so as to operate in unison therewith and so that it may strike
in the intervals between the passages of the knife.
Figures 4, 5, 6 and 6* show a die with an obstacle of a star shape; the form
of the obstacle being adapted to that of the orifice or aperture.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show a die in which numerous partitions ccc in the orifice check
the flow of the dough and produce an uniformity in thickness in the slices of dough
which the knife removes.
.
The dough coheres after passing the partitions cc but nevertheless the partitions
when placed as in this die leave traces on the face of the biscuit which serve as
ornament this is not the case when the obstacles are placed further back as in the
preceding figures. In this die in order that the centre of the biscuit may not project
the central obstacle or thickening is made to extend from the back of the dye as
is seen at d. Also it will be observed the metal is cut away at the back of the die
so as to vary the effective thickness of the die plate; the metal being bevelled off at
certain of the edges where it is desired to reduce the resistance to the flow and left at
the full thickness where it is desired that the obstructing edge should have its full
effect in retarding the flow.
Figure 10 represents the biscuit which this die produces.
Figures 11, 12 and 13 show a die in which the orifice is divided by numerous
partitions ccc. These partitions as before serve to prevent a too rapid central flow
so that the thickness of the biscuit may be as great around the edges as elsewhere. In
this case the obstacles are so arranged as to allow the letters in the centre to appear
prominent. e è are simple supports for detached or semi-detached parts of the die.
Figures 14 show the biscuit which this dic produces.
Figures 15, 16 and 17 show a die adapted to produce scrolls or volutes. The dough
issuing from the die assumes the form indicated by dotted line in figure 17, the stream
turns down into the hollow and the knife in advancing strikes the end lodged in the
hollow and drawing it forward towards the orifice completes the curling of the
biscuit. The knife then cuts off the piece and carries it to the baking tray. A biscuit
such as is made by this die is shown by Figures 18.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In apparatus for making biscuits by forcing dough through dies and cutting
it off with a knife as herein explained; providing obstacles in connection with the
dies to check the flow of the dough through them where otherwise it would be too
rapid all substantially as described.

page_text: 2. In apparatus for making biscuits by forcing dough through dies as herein
explained providing stamps which by striking the dough at the orifice of the die
produce a pattern on the biscuit all substantially as described.
3. In apparatus for making biscuits by forcing dough through dies as herein
explained making the die plate of different thicknesses in different parts all substan-
tially as described so as thereby to regulate the flow of dough which is more retarded
at the edge where the die plate is of the full thickness than it is where this thickness
is reduced.
4. In apparatus for making biscuits by forcing dough through dies, the use of an
elongated orifice or slit so formed as to offer greater resistance on one side than
the other whereby the dough is caused to curl and with the aid of the knife to produce
a volute or scroll all substantially as described.
ÇAKI MAEL & CO.,
Agents for the Applicant.