IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFER, DRAW BAR, AND COUPLING APPARATUS, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Turton, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, Engineer, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFER,
DRAW BAR, AND COUPLING APPARATUS, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR RAILWAY
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 18th February 1876, and dated the 11th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Turton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th December 1875.
:
I, GEORGE TURTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN BUFFER, DRAW BAR, AND COUPLING APPARATUS, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR RAILWAY
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to buffer, draw bar, and coupling apparatus,
chiefly designed for railway carriages and wagons, but parts of which
improvements are applicable to lifts or cages for mines, for cranes, and
other lifting machinery, and for other like purposes.
:

page_text: The said Invention consists, first, in various improvements in the con-
struction and arrangement of buffers for railway carriages and wagons.
The object of this part of my Invention is the production of buffers
which shall be more easily and cheaply manufactured and attached to
the carriages or wagons, and will be more durable and more easy to
repair than the buffers heretofore used.
In the Specification of my former Letters Patent, dated the 28th day
of March, A.D. 1874, No. 1091, I have described buffers whose spindles
or stems have inside a wrought-iron case or box a solid collar, and to
allow this collar to be inserted I provide the case with a cast-iron bush
made in two halves fitted together and secured in the said case by suit-
able devices. But according to my present Invention I fit inside the
wrought-iron case or box a cast-iron bush made in one piece and provide
the stem or spindle with an interior loose collar at the back of the bush,
and I extend the stem or spindle through the wood headstock of the
carriage or wagon and secure it at the back or inner side of the same by
a cotter or other suitable means; or I may provide the stem or spindle
with the said loose collar behind the bush and form a solid collar on the
end of the said stem or spindle at the rear of the back plate of the
buffer and make the said back plate in two halves, and form a recess for
this solid collar in the headstock; or I may modify this construction by
using a solid base plate, and provide the latter with a bush in two halves
to permit the solid collar of the stem or spindle to be inserted behind the
said base plate. The two halves of the said bush, after the buffer spindle
is in place, are fitted together and secured upon the base plate by screws,
rivets, or other means. I also modify this part of my Invention by con-
structing a buffer with a wrought-iron case or box and cast-iron bush,
as described in my said former Specification, with a rod extended
through the headstock of the carriage and connected with a laminated
or other spring; or I make a hollow buffer head and piston' of the usual
large diameter of such pistons, sliding through the front of the case,
and with a solid rod or stem of small diameter, which extends through
the headstock to a laminated spring, or may be combined with a spring
inside the buffer box.
Another part of my Invention relating to buffers with hollow heads
or plungers consist in providing the back of the plunger inside the box
with a cast-iron block, which has a neck fitted tightly inside the hollow
plunger, and a flange which forms a collar at the inner end of the same.

page_text: The said block may be secured by shrinking the plunger over the block
or by screws or rivets, or I may shrink a collar over the end of the
plunger to secure the block therein. The said block may be formed
hollow or with a cavity at the back, or with a pin or stud to hold the
spring.
1,
Another modification of this part of my Invention relating to buffers
consists in forming at the rear of the plunger a central hole, into which
fits a pin or rod fixed in and projecting from the base plate. This buffer
case or box is provided with a cast-iron bush, and the plunger has a solid
collar at its inner end. The plunger slides up the said pin or rod, which
forms a guide for it and a support for the spring.
Another part of my Invention comprises the novel construction and
arrangement of spring boxes and other parts of the apparatus used for
those buffers whose rods or spindles pass through the headstocks, and are
connected with spiral or other springs within the framing of the
carriages or wagons. For this purpose I construct spring boxes of cast-
iron or other suitable metal, and attach the same to the side or sole beam.
I construct the spring box with a transverse partition or division plate
in the centre for the springs to abut against. Each buffer rod or stem
has attached to it a block, which is fitted to slide in or upon guides in
the said box, the springs being arranged between these blocks and the
said partition plate. In some cases I make the spring box in the form
of a cylinder with open ends and fit blocks in the form of pistons on
the spring rods. Instead of using a central double-ended spring box I
may use a separate spring box for each buffer and place these boxes near
the ends of the framing.
I sometimes modify this part of my Invention by fitting the sliding
blocks of the buffer stems or spindles to slide upon a longitudinal rod or
bar secured in the cross beams of the framing. Upon this rod the said
springs are placed, one on each side of a collar fixed on the said rod,
that is to say, the said springs are between the sliding blocks and this
fixed collar. Each spring has a central division plate, which assists in
retaining the spring in its proper form and position.
Another part of my said Invention relates to draw bars and their
appurtenances, and consists partly in constructing the cradles to which
the draw bars are connected with stops or guards to prevent the crushing
of 'the springs.

page_text: These cradles are frames or boxes of wrought iron with a plate box or
cross head fitted to slide therein. One of the draw bars is attached to one
end of the cradle and the opposite draw bar to the said sliding plate or.
block, the spring being so arranged between this plate and the end of
the cradle as to tend always to force the draw bars inward or together.
Heretofore great inconvenience has been occasioned by the crushing of
the springs of these cradles under the heavy or severe strains which the
draw bars frequently have to sustain, the whole of which strains in
ordinary draw bars is borne by the spring. But according to my
Invention I provide the cradle with stops, which prevent the complete
closing of the spring, so that no strain or pressure beyond that which
the spring is well able to bear shall be sustained thereby. These stops
may be variously arranged. They may be projections or shoulders on
the frame of the cradle arranged to meet ears or lugs on the sliding
plate block or cross head; or I may form the said plates or blocks with
ears or lugs on the sides fitted to work upon the side bars of the cradle
or in slots therein in combination with stops formed or fixed in or upon
the same; or the sliding plate may have a central boss projecting inside
the spring and arranged to meet the end of the cradle, and thereby stop
the closing of the spring: This central boss may be formed solidly
on the said sliding plate, or may be a separate piece attached by screwing
or otherwise to the same. I prefer that it should have a neck with two
collars projecting inside the spring and attached to the same. The said
sliding plate may be either flat or concave, and if desired may be pro-
vided with both the aforesaid central and side stops.
I further modify this part of my Invention by forming the cradle of
two, three, or more rods with end plates and a sliding plate to which
one of the draw bars is attached. The spring is arranged between
the said rods and between the said sliding plate, and one of the end
plates and the rods are provided with shoulders or collars arranged to
stop the said sliding plate at the proper position to prevent the injurious
compression of the spring. I may use two, three, or more separate rods,
or a branched or forked rod for the said plate to slide upon.
I may further niodify this part of my Invention by substituting for a
central cradle two boxes or sockets of cast iron or other suitable metal,
one of which is secured inside each end or cross beam of the frame, the
said cross beams in this case being connected by strong tie bolts or rode

page_text: to strengthen them. The draw bar passes through the base of the box
or socket to a sliding plate or head fitted therein, and is secured to this
head by a screw nut or otherwise. The spring is placed between this
plate or head and the bottom or base of the socket. The stop may
consist of a shoulder formed around the interior of the socket in the
proper position for the sliding plate to meet the same, or it may consist
of a central boss or projection formed or fixed on the said sliding plate
and arranged to come in contact with the bottom of the socket when
the spring has been compressed to the determined extent. Or I may
employ both of these devices in combination, or other suitable stopping
devices acting in like manner.
The part of my Invention relating to the protection of the springs by
the use of stops may be adapted for use in connection with jerk springs
for mining purposes, or for cranes and other apparatus where springs
are employed and exposed to sudden and severe strains. For mining
and similar purposes I modify the form of the apparatus by enclosing
the spring or springs and the stopping devices within a cylinder or case
which is provided with a strong link or other suitable means for sus-
pension upon a rope or chain, while the hook draw bar extends and
works through the centre of the said cylinder or case.
"
Another part of my Invention relates to combined buffer draw bar
and coupling apparatus whereby the coupling of railway carriages or
wagons is automatically effected by the meeting of the carriages or
wagons, which apparatus is provided with outside adjusting mechanism
whereby the necessity for going between the carriages or wagons in
coupling or uncoupling is entirely obviated. One great difficulty
existing with what are termed coupling buffers or combined buffers and
couplings has been the taking up of the "slack or "play" which
must be allowed for in the hooks or other coupling devices. It is
impracticable to use hooks, links, or other connections so accurately
formed and arranged that when the carriages come together the said
hooks or connections will interlock or connect without this "slack or
"play," and many contrivances more or less ineffectual have been
devised for its reduction to a minimum, and for taking it up after the
coupling has been effected.
By my Invention I entirely obviate this difficulty and provide A

page_text: to take up the whole of the "slack" from the side of the carriages or
wagons. This part of my Invention consists in the employment of a draw
bar made separate from the buffer but arranged in combination there-
with and with a spring and adjusting apparatus inside the headstock of
the carriage. I prefer to construct the buffer with a wrought-iron case,
cast-iron bush, and solid inside collar, as described in my said former
Specification, but the buffer head must be enlarged and formed in front
with a cavity or chamber to contain the automatic links or other
coupling devices. I may use a hoop pivoted to the outer end of the
draw bar, and so arranged that when released by withdrawing a pin or
bolt it will engage with a similar hook or link, or take hold of a pin or
bolt in the buffer head of the opposite carriage; or I may use any other
suitable form of coupling pivoted or jointed to the end of the draw bar.
The latter extends through the buffer and the headstock of the carriage,
preferably into a box or case secured by bolts or otherwise upon the
inner side of the headstock, in which case or box the draw bar spring is
enclosed. The inner end of the draw bar is formed with a screw, upon
which is fitted a long toothed pinion. It is obvious that by turing this
pinion upon the said screw the length of the draw bar between this pinion
and the hook or other coupling may be increased and diminished as
desired, and by this adjustment of the said pinion I take up the "slack"
of the coupling; but to permit this adjustment to be conveniently
effected it is necessary to provide means whereby the turning of the
pinion may be effected from the side of the carriage. For this purpose
I gear with the said long pinion an ordinary pinion whose axis turns in
stationary bearings fixed inside the said casc or box. This pinion is
geared by beviled pinions with a rod extending to the outside of the
framing, and provided with a handle or hand wheel at the side of the
carriage. By turning the said handle the desired adjustment of the
coupling is effected. The pinion on the screw portion of the draw bar
is of sufficient length to permit the draw bar to act under all conditions
without disengaging it from the stationary pinion, so that the adjusting
mechanism is always available. The said long pinion is sometimes
placed immediately behind the buffer plunger between the same and
the spring within the buffer case or box to ensure the moving of the
draw bar and buffer together after the "slack is taken up. Or the
said long pinion may be arranged between the two springs instead of
the screw and pinion above described.
"
I may use a cam or excentric, or inclined plane, or other suitable

page_text: means connected with a handle or lever at the side of the carriage or
wagon for effecting the adjustment of the draw bar to take up the
"slack."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Turton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TURTON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, send greeting.
•
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said George Turton, Her
special licence that I, the said George Turton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Turton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFER, DRAW BAB, AND COUPLING APPARATUS, CHIEFLY
DESIGNED FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Turton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Turton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings forming a part of this Specification:-
My improvements relate to buffer, draw bar, and coupling apparatus

page_text: or other suitable means; or as shown in Figures 3 and 4 I may provide
the stem or spindle c with a loose collar d behind the bush b, and form
a solid collar f on the end of the said stem or spindle at the rear of the
base or back plate g of the buffer, and make the said back plate in two
5 halves g¹, g, and form a recess for this solid collar fin the headstock e;
or I may modify this construction, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6, by:
using a solid base plate h, and provide the latter with a bush i in two
halves, to permit the solid collar f of the stem or spindle c to be inserted
behind the base plate. The two halves 1, 2, of the bush i, after the
buffer spindle is in place, are fitted together and secured upon the base
plate by screws, rivets, or other means. I further modify this part of
my Invention, as shewn in Figures 7 and 8, by constructing a buffer
with a wrought-iron case or box a and cast-iron bush b, as described in
my said former Specification, and with the rod c extended through the
headstock e of the carriage and connected with a laminated or other
spring inside the carriage framing.
Another modification of this part of my Invention relating to buffers
is illustrated in Figure 9, and consists in forming at the rear of the
plunger c a central hole c¹, into which fits a pin or rod j*, fixed in and
projecting from the base plate g. The case or box a of this buffer is
provided with a cast-iron bush b, and the plunger has a solid collar ƒ at
its inner end. The plunger slides upon the said pin or rod which forms
a guide for it and a support for the spring k.
Another part of my Invention comprises the novel construction and
arrangement of spring boxes and other parts of the apparatus used for
those buffers whose rods or spindles pass through the headstocks, and
are connected with spiral or other springs within the framing of the
carriages or waggons,
This part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 10 to 14 of the
Drawings, and is carried into practise as follows:-
1
;

page_text: In the apparatus illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, and which I term a
duplex spring box, the box, cell, or case is formed of cast iron or other
suitable metal, and of suitable shape to be fitted and attached to the side
or sole beam. I construct this spring box or cell with a transverse
partition or division plate in the centre for the springs o to abut
against. Each buffer rod or stem c has at its end a block p, which
is fitted to slide in or upon grooves or ways & in the side of the said
case 1, and also upon the central guide rod or bolt . It will be seen
that the springs o surround this central guide rod, and are arranged
between the blocks p and the said partition plate l'.
In some cases I modify my spring boxes, as shewn in Figure 12, by
making the spring box / in the form of a cylinder with open ends, and
fit blocks P in the form of pistons on the spring rods. Instead of using
a central duplex or double ended spring box, as above described, I may
use a separate spring box for each buffer, and place these boxes near the
ends, of the carriage framing.
:
I sometimes modify this part of my Invention, as shown in Figures 13
and 14, by fitting the sliding blocks p of the buffer stems or spindles c
to slide upon a longitudinal rod or bar q secured in the cross beams of
the framing n². Upon this rod the springs o are placed on each side
. of a collar q¹ fixed on the said rod, that is to say; the said springs are
placed between the sliding blocks and this fixed collar. In some cases
I may place or fix the collar on the sole bar nas shewn. Each spring o
has a central division plate o¹, which assists in retaining the said springs
in their proper form and position. Any suitable springs, either metal or
india-rubber, may be used in these spring boxes.
Another part of my said Invention relates to draw bars and their
appurtenances, and consists partly in constructing the cradles to which
the draw bars are connected with stops or guards to prevent the crushing
of the springs.
This part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 15 to 43 of the
Drawings.
t
Figure 15 is a longitudinal section of my improved draw bar cradle;
Figure 16 is a side view of the said draw bar cradle; Figure 17 is a
transverse section of the same.
Figure 18 is a side view illustrating a modification of my improved
draw bar cradle; Figure 19 is a longitudinal section of the same.
E

page_text: 1
Figures 20 to 43 illustrate further modifications of this part of my
Invention, as herein-after described.
These cradles are frames or boxes of wrought iron, with a plate box
or cross head fitted to slide therein. One of the draw bars is attached
to one end of the cradle, and the opposite draw bar to the said sliding
plate, the spring being so arranged between this plate and the end of
the cradle as to tend always to force the draw bars inward or together.
Heretofore great inconvenience has been occasioned by the crushing of
the springs of these cradles under the heavy or severe strains which the
draw bars frequently have to sustain, the whole of which strain in
ordinary draw bars is borne by the spring; but. according to my Inven-
tion I provide the cradle with stops which prevent the complete closing:
of the spring, so that no strain or pressure beyond that which the spring
is well able to bear shall be sustained thereby. These stops may be
variously arranged. In the apparatus shewn in Figures 15 and 16 they.
are shewn as projections or shoulders 7 on the frame of the cradle,
arranged to meet ears or lugs s¹ on the sliding plate block or cross head 8,
or I may form the said plates or blocks s with cars or lugs s¹ on the
sides fitted to work upon the side bars of the cradle, or in slots ** therein
in combination with stops & formed or fixed in or upon the same, as
shewn in Figures 16ª and 16°, which are a plan and side view of the
same; or the said sliding plates may be used simply as a guide, and
without stops, in combination with a central boss & projecting inside
the spring o, and arranged to meet the end of the cradle r, and thereby
stop the closing of the spring, as shewn in Figure 25. This central boss
may be formed solidly on the said sliding plate, or may be a separate
piece, as shewn in Figures 15, 23, and 25, fitted in the plate and secured
thereon by a screw nut or cotter or otherwise. I may construct the
neck with two collars projecting inside the spring, and attached to the
samė. The said sliding plate may be either flat or concave, but the
most advantageous form or arrangement of my Invention is that in
which the said sliding plate is provided with both the aforesaid central
and side stops, as shewn in Figures 15, 16, 17, 23, 24, 31, and 32. This
arrangement of the stops distributes the strain of the draw bars equally
upon the sides and ends of the cradle, and the plate & forms a guide
which always keeps the draw bar rod c central with the said cradle.
.
It is obvious that the stop or guard may consist of the said central
boss alone, without any side stop or guide plate, but this would be a

page_text: very disadvantageous manner of effecting the object of my Invention,
for not only will there be a great weakness of the spring caused by the
large central aperture, which the spring must have for the reception of
this central stop, but the stop will then act only on the centre of the
end of the cradle, and unless the latter is made enormously heavy and
cumbrous it will be distorted and weakened, or very quickly broken.
Moreover the draw bar and cradle having no guide will be subjected to
side strains or twisting, and will soon be injured or disabled.
I further modify this part of my Invention as shewn in Figures 38
and 39 by forming the cradle of two, three, or more rods & with end
plates u¹, u², and a sliding plates, to which one of the draw bars is
attached. The spring o is arranged between the said rods and between
the said sliding plates and one of the end plates u¹. The rods u are
provided with solid shoulders or collars or with ferrules u³ arranged to
form the stops or guards, and which stop the said sliding plate at the
proper position to prevent the crushing or injurious compression of the
spring. I may construct this apparatus with two, three, or more
separate rods, or with a branched or forked rod for the plates to slide
upon.
I adapt this part of my Invention to old or existing draw bar cradles
in a very advantageous manner, as shewn in Figures 33, 34, and 35,
by by riveting or bolting inside the cradle a cross piece, stop plate,.
or bridge. The draw bar is extended through this cross piece or
plate, and is provided on its ends with lock nuts or other suitable
stops, which by coming in contact with the said cross piece prevent
the crushing of the springs. Another form of this device is shewn
in Figures 36 and 37, wherein the stop piece 7 consists of a stud
plate.
I further modify this part of my Invention by substituting for a
central cradle two boxes or sockets v, Figures 40 and 41, of cast iron or
other suitable metal, one of which is secured inside each end or cross
beam of the frame, the said cross beams in this case being connected
by strong tic bolts or rods to strengthen them. The draw bar ** passes
through the base of the box v or socket to a sliding plate or head s
fitted therein, and is secured to this heads by a screw nut or otherwise.
The spring is placed between this plate or head and the bottom or base
of the socket. The stop may consist of a shoulder formed around the

page_text: interior of the socket in the proper position for the sliding plate to
meet the same; or it may consist of a central boss or projection v¹
formed or fixed on the said sliding plate, as shewn, and arranged to
come in contact with the bottom of the socket when the spring has been
compressed to the determined extent; or I may employ both of these
devices together or other suitable stopping devices acting in like
manner.
The part of my Invention relating to the protection of springs by the
use of stops may be adapted for use in connection with jerk springs for
mining purposes, or for cranes and other apparatus where springs are
employed and exposed to sudden and severe strains. This adaptation
of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 42 and 43. I enclose the
spring or springs o and the stopping devices within a cylinder case or
tube w, which is provided with a strong link w¹ or other suitable means
for suspension upon a rope or chain, while the hook draw bar w² extends
and works through the centre of the said cylinder or case. The bottom
of this cylinder preferably consists of a separate piece w³ screwed into
the said cylinder.
Another part of my Inventiou relates to combined buffer draw bar
and coupling apparatus, whereby the coupling of railway carriages or
waggons is automatically effected by the meeting of the carriages
or waggons, and which apparatus is provided with outside adjusting
mechanism, whereby the necessity for going between the carriages
or waggons in coupling or uncoupling is entirely obviated.
By my Invention I provide a coupling buffer with simple and
efficient means for adjusting the coupling to take up the whole of the
slack from the side of the carriages or waggons..
Figure 44 is a longitudinal section of my improved combined draw
bar, buffer, and coupling; Figure 45 is a plan of part of the same;
Figure 46 shews various transverse sectional forms suitable for the
draw bar rods of the same.
This part of my Invention comprises the employment of a draw bar
made separate from the buffer but arranged in combination therewith
and with a spring adjusting apparatus inside the buffer case in front
of the headstock of the carriage. I prefer to construct the buffer with
a wrought-iron casė, cast-iron bush, and solid inside collar, as described
in my said former Specification; but the buffer head must be enlarged,

page_text: and formed in front with a cavity or chamber to contain the automatic
links or other coupling devices. I may use a hook pivoted to the outer
end of the draw bar, and so arranged that when released by withdrawing
a pin or bolt it will engage with a similar hook or link or take hold of
a pin or bolt in the buffer head of the opposite carriage; or I may use
any other suitable form of coupling pivoted or jointed to the end of the
draw bar, the latter extends through the buffer and the headstock of
the carriage. The draw bar and buffer springs x, x³, are enclosed
within the buffer case a. The inner end of the draw bar is formed with
a screw, upon which is fitted a toothed pinion y. It is obvious that
by adjusting this pinion upon the said screw the length of the draw
bar between this pinion and the hook or other coupling may be
increased or diminished as desired, and by this adjustment of the said
pinion I take up the "slack" of the coupling. But to permit this
adjustment. to be conveniently effected it is necessary to provide means
whereby the turning of the pinion may be effected from the side of the
carriage. For this purpose I gear with the said pinion y a long
pinion y', whose axis turns in stationary bearings fixed inside the said
case or box. This pinion is geared by beviled pinions 1, 2, with a rod y²
extending to the side of the carriage and provided with a handle or
hand wheel. By turning the said handle the desired adjustment of the
coupling is effected. The pinion y¹ geared with the pinion y of the
draw bar is of sufficient length to permit the said draw bar to act under
all conditions without disengaging it from the stationary pinion, so
that the adjusting mechanism is always available.
Instead of the screw and pinion above described I may use a cam or
eccentric, or inclined plane, or other suitable means inside the buffer
case connected with a handle or lever at the side of the carriage or
waggon for effecting the adjustment of the draw bar.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The improvements in buffers consisting of the combination of
the wrought-iron case fitted with a cast-iron bush made in one piece
with the plunger, stem, or spindle extended through the headstock or
end of the carriage and provided with a loose collar behind or inside
the same, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings, and the
several modifications of this part of my Invention shown in Figures

page_text: 3 and 4, in Figures 5 and 6, in Figures 7 and 8, and in Figure 9, and
as above described and for the purposes specified.
Second. The improvements in spring boxes or inside duplex buffer
springs consisting of the duplex spring box, case, or cell, constructed
with a central transverse partition or division plate, and with blocks at
the ends of the buffer rods fitted to slide in or upon guides, and with
springs placed between the said blocks and the central division or
partition plate and surrounding a central rod or bolt, as shewn in
Figures 10 and 11, or the modification thereof shewn in Figure 12, or
in Figures 13 and 14 of the Drawings, and as above set forth.
Third. The improvements in and relating to draw-bar cradles con-
sisting of the cradle constructed or provided with both central and side
stops or guards to prevent the crushing or undue compression of the
springs, as shewn in Figures 15, 16, and 17, or the several forms and
modifications thereof, as shewn in Figures 21 and 32, and in the other
Figures of the Drawings relating to this part of my Invention, and as
herein set forth and for the purposes specified.
Fourth. The combined draw bar and coupling apparatus constructed
as shewn in Figures 44, 45, and 46, of the Drawings, and operating as
above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Turton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
5 Witness,
GEORGE TURTON. (L.S.)
JA. EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,"
London.