IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A communication from SUGAR, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Stokes, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
A communication from
SUGAR, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
abroad by Oscar Arthur de Gramont, of Lima, in the Republic of Peru, Sugar
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Stokes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1880.
"IMPROVE-
"
HENRY STOKES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
[A communication from abroad by Oscar Arthur de Gramont, of Lima, in the
Republic of Peru, Sugar Boiler.]
The main object of the said Invention is to provide means whereby saccharine
solutions and juices shall be converted into clear crystaline sugar at less cost and
in a more simple manner than heretofore. Saccharine solutions and juices prepared
or obtained from sugar cane, beetroot, or other plant containing saccharine matter
in sufficient quantity are suitable for manufacture into merchantable sugar under
the said Invention.
The advantages resulting from the said Invention are:-(1), a larger percentage of
crystalisable sugar is obtained from a given quantity of material than can be
produced by the ordinary methods of treatment; (2), compared with the ordinary
manufacture, the process is more simple and more easily carried on, and the plant
less expensive for an equal output; thus planters and others will be enabled to
complete the manufacture of sugar on their own property; (3), the annoyance and
trouble of filtration of the solutions through animal charcoal, and the expense of
the preparation and cleansing of the said charcoal are avoided.
The said Invention is carried into practice as follows:-
Under the first part, saccharine solutions and juices prepared or obtained in any
ordinary or desired manner are submitted to the action of gases and vapours of or
produced from the following materials :-(a), acitate or sugar of lead mixed with
alcohol and water; (b), ammoniac or ammoniacal crystals or liquid mixed with

page_text: alcohol and water; (c), sulphur subjected to the effects of heat. The sulphur
vapour is purified by passing through water before mixing with the agents a & b.
After treatment as above set forth, the saccharine matter is ready for treatment
in any usual evaporating pan, and centrifugal dryer or their equivalent, no filtration
through animal charcoal being required.
The quantities of materials used will vary with the strength and condition of the
solutions and juices to be treated.
Under the second part, apparatus for carrying the said Invention into effect is
constructed as follows:-Three retorts, preferably of cast iron, contain the materials
mentioned under the above first part, and are connected by pipes or tubes to one
another, and to a chamber or tank. The retort which contains the sulphur is
supported above a furnace, and heat is applied to vapourize the sulphur. A
washing vessel or tower is provided, through which the sulphurous vapour is caused
to pass before being mixed with the products of the other two retorts. The said
washing vessel or tower is constructed in any usual or desired way. The chamber
or tank into which the vapours or gases pass is supplied with the saccharine
solutions or juices through a pipe or tube, and the gases or vapours are drawn or
induced to pass through the said cistern or tank by means of a jet or other suitable
exhausting apparatus. An overflow pipe or tube is fitted to the said cistern or
tank through which the clarified solutions or juices are lead away to the evaporating
pan or other receptacle.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Stokes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th June
1881.
HENRY STOKES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant..
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
A communication from abroad by Oscar Arthur de Gramont, of Lima, in the
Republic of Peru, Sugar Boiler.
The main object of the said Invention is to provide means whereby saccharine
solutions and juices shall be converted into clear crystalline sugar at less cost and
in a more simple manner than heretofore. Saccharine solutions and juices prepared
or obtained from sugar cane, beet root, or other plant containing saccharine matter
in sufficient quantity are suitable for manufacture into merchantable sugar under
the said Invention.
The advantages resulting from the said Invention are:-(1), a larger percentage
of crystallizable sugar is obtained from a given quantity of material than can be
produced by the ordinary methods of treatment; (2), compared with the ordinary
manufacture, the process is more simple and more easily carried on, and the plant
less expensive for an equal output, thus planters and others will be enabled to
complete the manufacture of sugar on their own property; (3), the annoyance
and trouble of filtration of the solutions through animal charcoal, and the expense
of the preparation and cleansing of the said charcoal are avoided.
The said Invention is carried into practice as follows:-
Under the first part, saccharine solutions and juices prepared or obtained in
any ordinary or desired manner are submitted to the action of gases and vapours
of or produced from the following materials:-(a), acitate or sugar of lead mixed
with alcohol and water; (b), ammoniac or ammoniacal crystals or liquid mixed
with alcohol and water; (c), sulphur subjected to the effects of heat. The sulphur
vapor is purified by passing through water before mixing with the agents a and b.
After treatment, as above set forth, the saccharine matter is ready for treatment
in any usual evaporating pan, centrifugal dryer, or their equivalent, no filtration
through animal charcoal being required.
The quantities of materials used will vary with the strength and condition of
the solutions and juices to be treated.
Under the second part, apparatus for carrying the said Invention into effect is
constructed as follows:-
Three retorts, preferably of cast iron, contain the materials mentioned under the
above first part, and are connected by pipes or tubes to one another, and to a
chamber or tank. The retort which contains the sulphur is supported above
a furnace, and heat is applied to vaporize the sulphur. A washing vessel or tower
is provided, through which the sulphurous vapour is caused to pass before being
mixed with the products of the other two retorts. The said washing vessel or
tower is constructed in any usual or desired way. The chamber or tank into
which the vapors or gases pass is supplied with the saccharine solutions or juices
through a pipe or tube, and the gases or vapors are drawn or induced to pass
through the said cistern or tank by means of jet or other suitable exhausting
apparatus. An overflow pipe or tube is fitted to the said cistern or tank, through
which the clarified solutions or juices are led away to the evaporating pan or other
recentacle

page_text: a, retort containing sulphur; b, furnace for heating the retort a, and converting
the sulphur into vapour; c, chamber or vessel through which the sulphur vapour
passes, and in which the said vapour is washed by water entering through the
pipe d and passing off through the pipe e; f, grid to ensure equal distribution and
intimate contact of the water and vapour; g, retort containing acitate of lead,
alcohol, and water; h, retort containing ammoniac or ammoniacal crystals, or liquid
alcohol and water; i, pipes connecting the retorts; j, pipe leading to the chamber
or tank k; l, inlet for saccharine solutions and juices; m, outlet for clarified
solutions and juices; n, stages down which the said solutions and juices flow for
the purpose of causing intimate contact between them and the acting agents;
o, ejector for drawing the acting agents or gases and vapours through the chamber
or tank k.
It will be obvious that the construction and arrangement of the apparatus may
be varied.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and particularized the
same, so that others will be enabled to carry the said improvements into effect, I
claim,―
First. The manufacture of sugar, substantially as set forth.
Second. Apparatus for the manufacture of sugar, constructed and operating
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Stokes, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
HENRY STOKES. (L.S.)