Improvements in Water Tube Boilers, and in the Furnaces used in connection therewith.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 14th Jan., 1899
Improvements in Water Tube Boilers, and in the Furnaces used in
connection therewith.
We, JOSEPH JAMES DE KINDER and ALBERT CARROLL Woon, both of the
N.E. Corner of Broad and Chestnut Streets, City of Philadelphia, State of Penn-
sylvania, U.S.A., Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in boilers and furnaces, and more par-
ticularly to water tube boilers and furnaces therefor. Its objects are to provide
free upward passages throughout for the circulation of the water in process of
heating, and to secure the upward circulation of the gases of combustion along the
course of the steam generating tubes; to secure the maximum length of tube in
a given length of setting, and to provide for the use of straight tubes only, where-
by cleaning, repairs and renewals can be effected with ease and any tube can be
withdrawn without interfering with the others or with the construction generally;
to provide a large combustion chamber, of sufficient space to secure the more
complete combustion of the gases before they come in contact with the compara-
tively cold water heating surfaces of the boiler; to provide an upper water tube grate,
on which the fuel may be fired, forming part of the water circulating and steam
generating system, in combination with a lower grate, which receives any coke
or unburnt fuel falling from the upper grate, providing means for cokeing the
main body of the fuel on the upper grate; to avoid "dead" heating surfaces Gr
pockets; to provide ample liberating surface in the steam drum or drums to secure
freedom of expansion; to avoid the use of screw joints and nuts; and generally,
to provide for economy of construction and operation, with a high degree of
efficiency.
The nature and construction of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, of which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the invention; Fig. 2 is a full front
elevation of the construction illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal plan
view on the line a-a of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the construction
illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 4* 18 a sectional view of the side wall
of the construction illustrated in Fig. 4; Fig. 4" is an enlarged de'ail
of the construction shown in Fig. 4: Fig. 5 is a sectional side
elevation of a specific construction of combustion chamber and connections;
Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of a second specific construction of combustion
chamber and connections; Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view on the line b-b of
Fig. 6; Fig. 7 is a sectional side elevation of a third specific construction of com-
bustion chamber and connections; Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of a fourth
specific construction of combustion chamber and connections, the upper water-tube
grate being eliminated, provision being made for firing on the lower grate only;
Fig. 9 is a sectional side elevation of a modified form of the invention; Fig. 10 is
a sectional side elevation of a modified form of the invention, in which provision
is made for the use of one or more longitudinal drums; Fig. 11 is a full front
077

page_text: elevation of the construction illustrated in Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a full rear elevation
of the construction illustrated in Fig. 10; Fig. 13 is a sectional side elevation of
a modified form of the invention, with vertical side wall tubes, and longitudinal
water boxes; Fig. 14 is a front elevation, partially in section, of the construction
illustrated in Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is a side elevation, partially in section, and
Fig. 16 is a front elevation of an enlarged detail view of a form of header con-
struction; Fig. 17 is a side elevation, partially in section, and Fig. 18 is a front
elevation of a modified form of header construction; Fig. 19 is a front elevation
and Fig. 20 is a side elevation of an enlarged view in detail of a second modified
form of header construction; Fig. 21 is a sectional view in detail illustrating an
arrangement of hand-hole caps and stay bolts; Fig. 22 is a sectional view illus-
trating in detail a construction of the header hand-holes.
In the construction of the invention, the foundation 1, for supporting the boiler
and furnace, is suitably formed of rolled iron shapes. A grate 2 is supported
upon water tubes 3 and extends from the water box 4, rearwardly through a
biidge wall 5 of brick or other non-combustible material, supported by a suitable
sill 1, to the water-leg or back header 6. The water leg 6 is connected by the
tubes 7 with a second water-box 8, which traverses the front of the furnace and
is connected with the water-box 4 by the tubes 9. The water leg 6 is also con-
nected with the front header 10 by the tubes 11. A bridge wall 12, of brick
or other non-combustible material, extends across the tubes 7 at right angles
thereto and is supported thereby. A baffle 13, of suitable non-combustible
material, rests upon the bridge wall 12 and the lower row of tubes 11, extending
forward to the front header 10. Upon the top row of the tubes 11 is a second
baffle 14, which extends forward from the water leg 6. The front header 10 is
also connected with a second water leg or back header 15, by means of the tubes 16.
Upon the top row of tubes 16 and extending rearwardly from the front header 10,
is a baffle 17, which is perforated at its forward end by apertures 18. The water
leg 15 is connected with the steam drum 19 by means of one or more rows of
tubes 20. A baffle 21 is supported by the tubes 20 and extends rearwardly to
the breeching connection or smoke box 22. The drum 19 may be provided with
steam outlets 23 or 23¹. It is connected with the water box 4 by means of the
water columns or down-comers 24, leading from the lowest part of the drum,
near the ends thereof. The water columns 24 are also connected with water
columns 25, by means of tubes 26. These tubes are encased by bricks 27, of
non-conducting material, which are shaped to surround each tube, by conjunction
in the horizontal axial plane thereof, the tubes being thus capable of withdrawal
without disturbing the surrounding wall. The water columns 25 are also con-
nected with the steam drum 19 by means of the tubes 28, the side walls between
the top row of bricks 27 and the top baffle 21 being closed by a wall of magnesia
or other non-conducting material, which encases the tubes 28.
The tubes described are all expanded in place and are made accessible, by means
of hand-hole caps 29, fer removal, repair or cleaning.
The headers and water legs are braced with hollow stay-bolts 30.
The firing is done upon the water tubes 7, which, between the water box 8
and the bridge-wall 12, act as a grate surface, the tubes being staggered as illus-
trated in Fig. 2. The fuel is charged through the fire-docr 31, and the products
of combustion pass downward between the tubes, the solid portions that pass
through the upper grate falling upon the grate 2. Air enters through the door 32.
passes upward through the grate 2, completing the combustion of the solid fuel
thereon, and mingling or combining with the volatile gases, passes between the
bridge-walls 5 and 12, along and between the tubes 7, 11, 16, and 20, escaping
to the stack by the breeching 22, being deflected as indicated by the arrows, by
mrans of the baffles 13, 14, 17, and 21.
Perfect freedom for unequal expansion, due to different temperatures through-
out the steam generator, is secured, as particularly illustrated by the flexible con-
nection of the tubes 7 with the water box 4, through the box 8 and the tubes 9.

page_text: It will be observed that the angular arrangement of the separate banks of tubes
and baffles, provides a constantly ascending course for the circulation of the
water in process of heating and conduc.s the gaus products of combustion along
the path of the circulating water throughout the entire length of the tubing
containing it, preventing the formation of "dead" heating spaces or pockets.
The accumulation of soot,or cinders behind the bridge-wall 5 may be with-
drawn through the door 33, the accumulation upon the baffle 14 may be with-
drawn through the door 34, and the accumulation upon the baffle 17 may be
withdrawn through the door 35, the arrangement being such that no ordinary
accumulation of soot or cinders will prevent the active contact of the heating
gases with the heating surfaces of the boiler.
The water level is carried near the centre of the drum 19. In its course of
circulation through the boiler, the water passes downward through the columns 24
to the box 4; thence to the rear water leg or header 6, through the tubes 3, 9, 7,
and water-box 8; thence through the tubes 11 to the front header 10; thence
through the tubes 16 to the rear header 15; and thence through the tubes 20
back to the drum 19. A portion of the water which passes down the columns 24,
flows through the tubes 26 of the side walls, into the rear water columns 25;
thence through the tubes 28 back to the drum 19. The down flow of water leaves
the lowest point of the drum and is returned near the water level thereof.
In the modified construction illustrated in Fig. 5, the grate 21 rests upon the
foundation, through the medium of bearing bars extending between the side walls
of the furnace. A water box 41, resting upon the foundation, communicates
with the columns 25', and may communicate with the water-leg 6' by means of
tho tubes 9¹.
In the modified construction illustrated in Fig. 6, the tubes 31 connect the water
box 4 with the combined bridge wall and water box 5', which is connected with
the water-box 4' by the tubes 4" and with the water leg 6 by the tubes 31 sup-
porting a baffle 0, the flow of water through the several passages being indicated
by the arrows. The upper grate is formed of one or more rows of water tubes
connected with the water box 8 and extended rearwardly therefrom to the
point 7, where they are bent around and returned to connect with the front
header 10. These tubes are preferably arranged in two rows and staggered so
that a vertical projection of each tube covers the corresponding space of the
contiguous tubes in the other row, permitting the insertion of a baffle 131 as a
roof for the fire box. A bridge wall is formed at 7", by the close contact of the
tubes, which may be supplemented by a wall of non-combustible material, as
shown in cross section. A perforated baffle 141, extending rearwardly from the
header 10 and supported by the bottom row of tubes 11, serves to direct the
heated gases into active contact with the water tube surfaces.
The modified construction illustrated in Fig. 7 substitutes bent tubes 511 (con-
necting the water-box 4' with the water-leg 6) which are arranged as in the case
of the upper grate tubes of Fig. 6, the bent portions of the tubes lying close
together to form a bridge-wall at the rear of the grate 2' and the straight portions
being staggered. A baffle 0' lies between the upper rows of the bent tubes 5".
The bridge-wall 7111 is also a water-leg which communicates with the tube 7¹.
In the construction illustrated in Fig. 8, the upper water grate and connec-
tions are omitted, the firing being done upon the grate 21.
In the modification illustrated in Fig. 9, the lower grate 2 and water-tubes 3¹
decline rearwardly, an additional bank of tubes 16¹ leads from the header 15,
and an additional header 10¹ connects the tube 16 with the tubes 20', which
lead to the drum 191 placed at the rear of the boiler. the breeching 22' being in
the front and an additional door 34¹ being provided for cleaning purposes.
In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and 12, a special feature
of the construction consists of the use of one or more steam drums 19" placed on
either side of the boiler and extending from the front to the rear thereof. The

page_text: upper or steam spaces of these drums are connected by an equalizing pipe 40.
The lower or water spaces communicate with the water box 41, which communi-
cates with the columns 24, the heated water entering the drum by the way of
the water-leg 15. It will be observed that the water columns 25', which are
connected with the water columns 24 by the side wall tubes 26, do not communi-
cate directly with the steam drum 1911, but communicate with a water-box 4¹
which is connected by tubes 9' with the water-legs 61, thence through the tubes 11,
front header 10, tubes 16, and water-leg 15", to the drum or drums 19".
Provision is here made for firing on the plane bottom grate 2 through the fire
door 31', omitting the upper water tube grate and connections. The bridge-
wall 5 and the tiling or floor 1", extending rearwardly therefrom to the water-
box 4, may be suitably supported by T-irons extending between the side walls
and resting on the foundation.
In Figs. 13 and 14 is shown a construction which employs one or more steam
drums, extending from the front rearwardly and communicating with the water-
leg 41, which in turn communicates with horizontal, rearwardly extending
water-boxes 42, which communicate through the vertical side wall tubes
or columns 43, with the lower horizontal and rearwardly extending
water-boxes 44. The water-boxes 44 communicate in front with the water-box 4,
and in the rear with the water-hox 4: the latter communicating with the water
leg 6 through the tubes 4, 3, and the water-box 5'.
The partial side and front views of Figs. 15 and 16 illustrate a form of built-
up header or water-leg that may be used, the construction comprising a box
communicating with all the tubes 11 and 16.
The partial side and front views of Figs. 17 and 18 show a construction of header
in which a desired number of vertical rows of tubes 11 and 16, communicate with
an independent section of the complete header, the independent sections or sub-
headers 45 being assembled together to form a complete header composed of
laterally non-communicating chambers.
The partial front and side views of Figs. 19 and 20 show a construction of header
in which the vertical rows of tubes are connected by pairs with a tortuous water-
leg 46, which legs are wholly independent of each other.
The sectional view shown in Fig. 21 illustrates in detail a construction of hand-
holes, hand-hole caps, and stay-bolts.
The sectional view illustrated in Fig. 22 shows in detail a method of forming
and re-enforcing hand-holes.
Improvements in Water Tube Boilers, and in the Furnaces used in
connection therewith.
We, JOSEPH JAMES DE KINDER and ALBERT CARROLL WOOD, both of the
N.E. Corner of Broad and Chestnut Streets, City of Philadelphia, State of Penn-
sylvania, U.S.A., Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement;-
This invention relates to improvements in boilers and furnaces, and more par-
ticularly to water tube boilers and furnaces therefor. Its objects are to provide
free upward passages throughout for the circulation of the water in process of
heating, and to secure the upward circulation of the gases of combustion along the

page_text: course of the steam generating tubes; to secure the maximum length of fube in
a given length of setting, and to provide for the use of straight tubes only, where-
by cleaning, repairs and renewals can be effected with ease and any tube can be
withdrawn without interfering with the others or with the construction generally;
to provide a large combustion chamber, of sufficient space to secure the more
complete combustion of the gases before they come in contact with the compara-
tively cold water heating surfaces of the boiler; to provide an upper water tube grate;
on which the fuel may be fired, forming part of the water circulating and steam
generating system, in combination with a lower grate, which receives any coke
or unburnt fuel falling from the upper grate, providing means for cokeing the
main body of the fuel on the upper grate; to avoid "dead" heating surfaces or
pockets; to provide ample liberating surface in the steam drum or drums to secure
freedom of expansion; to avoid the use of screw joints and nuts; and generally,
to provide for economy of construction and operation, with a high degree of
efficiency.
The nature and construction of the invention is illustrated in the drawings
filed with our Provisional Specification, of which:
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the invention; Fig. 2 is a full front
elevation of the construction illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal plan
view on the line - of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the construction
illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the side wall
of the construction illustrated in Fig. 4; Fig. 4" is an enlarged detail
of the construction shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 5 is al sectional side
elevation of a specific construction of combustion chamber and connections;
Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of a second specific construction of combustion
chamber and connections; Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view on the line b-b of
Fig. 6; Fig. 7 is a sectional side elevation of a third specific construction of com-
bustion chamber and connections; Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of a fourth
specific construction of combustion chamber and connections, the upper water-tube
grate being eliminated, provision being made for firing on the lower grate only;
Fig. 9 is a sectional side elevation of a modified form of the invention; Fig. 10 is
a sectional side elevation of a modified form of the invention, in which provision
is made for the use of one or more longitudinal drums; Fig. 11 is a full front
elevation of the construction illustrated in Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a full rear elevation
of the construction illustrated in Fig. 10; Fig. 13 is a sectional side elevation of
a modified form of the invention, with vertical side wall tubes, and longitudinal
water boxes; Fig. 14 is a front elevation, partially in section, of the construction
illustrated in Fig. 13; Fig. 15 is a side elevation, partially in section, and
Fig. 16 is a front elevation of an enlarged detail view of a form of header con-
struction; Fig. 17 is a side elevation, partially in section, and Fig. 18 is a front
elevation of a modified form of header construction; Fig. 19 is a front elevation
and Fig. 20 is a side elevation of an enlarged view in detail of a second modified
form of header construction; Fig. 21 is a sectional view in detail illustrating an
arrangement of hand-hole caps and stay bolts; Fig. 22 is a sectional view illus-
trating in detail a construction of the header hand-holes.
In the construction of the invention, the foundation 1, for supporting the boiler
and furnace, is suitably formed of rolled iron shapes. A grate 2 is supported
upon water tubes 3 and extends from the water box 4, rearwardly through a
bridge wall 5 of brick or other non-combustible material, supported by a suitable
sill 1, to the water-leg or back header 6. The water leg 6 is connected by the
tubes 7 with a second water-box S, which traverses the front of the furnace and
is connected with the water-box 4 by the tubes 9. The water leg 6 is also con-
nected with the front header 10 by the tubes 11. A bridge wall 12, of brick
or other non-combustible material, extends across the tubes 7 at right angles
thereto and is supported thereby. A baffle 13, of suitable non-conducting
material, rests upon the bridge wall 12 and the lower row of tubes 11, extending

page_text: forward to the front header 10. Upon the top row of the tubes 11 is a second
baffle 14, which extends forward from the water leg 6. The front header 10 is
also connected with a second water leg or back header 15, by means of the tubes 16.
Upon the top row of tubes 16 and extending rearwardly from the front header 10,
is a baffle 17, which is perforated at its forward end by apertures 18. The water
leg 15 is connected with the steam drum 19 by means of one or more rows of
tubes 20. A baffle 21 is supported by the tubes 20 and extends rearwardly to
the breeching connection or smoke box 22. The drum 19 may be provided with
steam outlets 23 or 23. It is connected with the water box 4 by means of the
water columns or downcomers 24, leading from the lowest part of the drum,
near the ends thereof. The water columns 24 are also connected with water
columns 25, by means of tubes 26. These tubes are encased by bricks 27, of
non-conducting material which are shaped to surround each tube, by conjunction
in the horizontal plane thereof, the tubes being thus capable of withdrawal
without disturbing the surrounding wall. The water columns 25 are also con-
nected with the steam drum 19 by means of the tubes 28, the side walls between
the top row of bricks 27 and the top baffle 21 being closed by a wall of magnesia
or other non-conducting material, which encases the tubes 28.
The tubes described are all expanded in place and are made accessible, by means
of hand-hole caps 29, for removal, repair or cleaning.
The headers and water legs are braced with hollow stay-bolts 30.
The firing is done upon the water tubes 7, which, between the water box 8
and the bridge-wall 12, acts as a grate surface, the tubes being staggered as illus-
trated in Fig. 2. The fuel is charged through the fire-door 31, and the products
of combustion pass downward between the tubes, the solid portions that pass
through the upper grate falling upon the grate 2. Air enters through the door 32,
passes upward through the grate 2, completing the combustion of the solid fuel
thereon, and mingling or combining with the volatile gases, passes between the
bridge-walls 5 and 12, along and between the tubes 7, 11, 16, and 20, escaping
to the stack by the breeching 22, being deflected as indicated by the arrows, by
means of the baffles 13, 14, 17, and 21.
Perfect freedom for unequal expansion, due to different temperatures through-
out the steam generator, is secured, as particularly illustrated by the flexible con-
nection of the tubes 7 with the water box 4, through the box 8 and the tubes 9.
It will be observed that the angular arrangement of the separate banks of tubes
and baffles, provides a constantly ascending course for the circulation of the
water in process of heating and conducts the gaseous products of combustion along
the path of the circulating water throughout the entire length of the tubing
containing it, preventing the formation of " dead" heating spaces or pockets
The accumulation of soot or cinders behind the bridge-wall 5 may be with-
drawn through the door 33, the accumulation upon the baffle 14 may be with-
drawn through the door 34, and the accumulation upon the baffle 17 may be
withdrawn through the door 35, the arrangement being such that no ordinary
accumulation of soot or cinders will prevent the active contact of the heating
gases with the heating surfaces of the boiler.
The water level is carried near the centre of the drum 19. In its course of
circulation through the boiler, the water passes downward through the columns 24
to the box 4; thence to the rear water leg or header 6, through the tubes 3, 9, 7,
and water-box 8; thence through the tubes 11 to the front header 10; thence
through the tubes 10 to the rear header 15; and thence through the tubes 20
back to the drum 19. A portion of the water passes down the columns 24,
flows through the tubes 26 of the side walls, into the rear water columns 25;
thence through the tubes 28 back to the drum 19. The down flow of water leaves
the lowest point of the drum and is returned near the water level thereof.
In the modified construction illustrated in Fig. 5, the grate 2¹ rests upon the
foundation, through the medium of bearing bars extending between the side walls

page_text: of the furnace. A water box 4¹, resting upon the foundation, communicates
with the columns 25¹, and may communicate with the water-leg 6¹ by means of
the tubes 91.
In the modified construction illustrated in Fig. 6, the tubes 3' connect the water
box 4 with the combined bridge wall and water box 5', which is connected with
the water-box 41 by the tubes 411 and with the water leg 61 by the tubes 3 sup-
porting a baffle 0, the flow of water through the several passages being indicated
by the arrows. The upper grate is formed of one or more rows of water tubes
connected with the water box 8 and extended rearwardly therefrom to the
point 7, where they are bent around and returned to connect with the front
header 10. These tubes are preferably arranged in two rows and staggered so
that a vertical projection of each tube covers the corresponding space of the
contiguous tubes in the other row, permitting the insertion of a baffle 13¹ as a
roof for the fire box. A bridge wall is formed at 711, by the close contact of the
tubes, which may be supplemented by a wall of non-combustible material, as
shown in cross section. A perforated baffle 14', extending rearwardly from the
header 10 and supported by the bottom row of tubes 11, serves to direct the
heated gases into active contact with the water tube surfaces.
The modified construction illustrated in Fig. 7 substitutes bent tubes 5" (con-
necting the water-box 4' with the water-leg 6¹) which are arranged as in the case
of the upper grate tubes of Fig. 6, the bent portions of the tubes lying close
together to form a bridge-wall at the rear of the grate 21 and the straight portions
being staggered. A baffle 0¹ lies between the upper rows of the bent tubes 5".
The bridge-wall 7111 is also a water-leg which communicates with the tubes 7¹.
In the construction illustrated in Fig. 8, the upper water grate and connec-
tions are omitted, the firing being done upon the grate 2¹.
In the modification illustrated in Fig. 9, the lower grate 2 and water-tubes 31
decline rearwardly, an additional bank of tubes 16' leads from the header 15,
and an additional header 10¹ connects the tube 161 with the tubes 20¹, which
lead to the drum 19¹ placed at the rear of the boiler, the breeching 22' being in
the front and an additional door 341 being provided for cleaning purposes.
In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 10, 11, and 12, a special feature
of the construction consists of the use of one or more steam drums 19" placed on
either side of the boiler and extending from the front to the rear thereof. The
upper or steam spaces of these drums are connected by an equalizing pipe 40.
The lower or water spaces communicate with the water box 41, which communi-
cates with the columns 24, the heated water entering the drum by the way of
the water-leg 15¹. It will be observed that the water columns 25¹ which are
connected with the water columns 24 by the side wall tubes 26, do not communi-
cate directly with the steam drum 1911. but communicate with a water-box 4'
which is connected by tubes 91 with the water-legs 61, thence through the tubes 11,
front header 10, tubes 16, and water-leg 15", to the drum or drums 19.
Provision is here made for firing on the plane bottom grate 2 through the fire
door 31, omitting the upper water tube grate and connections. The bridge-
wall 5 and the tiling or floor 1", extending rearwardly therefrom to the water-
box 4', may be suitably supported by T-irons extending between the side walls
and resting on the foundation.
In Figs. 13 and 14 is shown a construction which employs one or more steam
drums, extending from the front rearwardly and communicating with the water-
leg 41, which in turn communicates with horizontal, rearwardly extending
water-boxes 42, which communicate through the vertical side wall tubes
ог columns 43, with the lower horizontal and rearwardly extending
water-boxes 44. The water-boxes 44 communicate in front with the water-box 4,
and in the rear with the water-box 4'; the latter communicating with the water
leg 6 through the tubes 4", 31, and the water-box 5¹.
The partial side and front views of Figs. 15 and 16, illustrate a form of built-

page_text: up header or water-leg that may be used, the construction comprising a box
communicating with all the tubes 11 and 16.
The partial side and front views of Figs. 17 and 18 show a construction of header
in which a desired number of vertical rows of tubes 11 and 16, communicate with
an independent section of the complete header, the independent sections or sub-
headers 45 being assembled together to form a complete header composed of
laterally non-communicating chambers.
The partial front and side views of Figs. 19 and 20 show a construction of header
in which the vertical rows of tubes are connected by pairs with a tortuous water-
leg 46, which legs are wholly independent of each other.
The sectional view shown in Fig. 21 illustrates in detail a construction of hand-
holes, hand-hole caps, and stay-bolts.
The sectional view illustrated in Fig. 22 shows in detail a method of forming
and re-enforcing hand-holes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, a water column leading
downward from said drum, two or more superposed oppositely-inclined banks of
ascending tubes having communication with said water-column and leading by
constantly-ascending passages to said drum, and means for directing the gaseous
products of combustion along the courses of said banks of tubes and and in a con-
stantly-ascending direction, substantially as specified.
2. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, one or more water-
columns leading downward from said drum, a water-leg or header, water-passages
connecting said water column or columns and header, a second header and a
bank of ascending tubes leading thereto from said first header, a third header and
a bank of constantly-ascending tubes leading thereto from said second header,
ascending water-passages connecting said third header and drum, and means for
directing the gaseous products of combustion along the said ascending water-
courses and in a constantly-ascending direction, substantially as specified.
3. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, water-columns leading
downward from said drum, a horizontal water-box connecting said water-columns,
a water-leg or header and water-passages leading thereto from said water-box and
columns, a second header and a bank of ascending tubes leading thereto from said
first header, a third header and a bank of ascending tubes leading
thereto from said second header, ascending water passages connecting
said third header and drum, and means for directing the gaseous products
of combustion along the said ascending water-courses and in a constantly-ascend-
ing direction, substantially as specified.
4. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, water-columns leading
downward from said drum, a horizontal water-box connecting said water-columns,
a water-leg or header and water-passages leading thereto from said water box and
columns, a second header and a bank of ascending tubes leading thereto from said
first header, a third header and a bank of ascending tubes leading thereto from said
second header, ascending water-passages connecting said third header and drum,
water-columns leading upward to and communicating with said drum, and hori-
zontal side-wall tubes connecting said downward water-columns with said upward
water-columns, substantially as specified.
5. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, water-columns leading
downward from said drum, a horizontal water-box connecting said water-columns,
a water-leg or header, a grate comprising water-tubes leading from said water-
box to said header, a second header and a bank of ascending tubes leading thereto
from said first header, a third header and a bank of ascending tubes
leading thereto from said second header ascending water-passages lead-
ing from said third header to said drum, and means for directing the gaseous

page_text: products of combustion along the said ascending water-courses and in a con-
stantly-ascending direction, substantially as specified.
6. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, water-columns leading
downward from said drum, a horizontal water-box connecting said water-columns,
a water-leg or header, a grate comprising water tubes leading from said water
box to said header, a second header and a bank of ascending tubes leading thereto
from said first header, a third header and a bank of ascending tubes leading
thereto from said second header, water-columns leading upward to and communi-
cating with said drum, and horizontal side-wall tubes connecting said downward
water-columns with said upward water-columns, substantially as specified.
7. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, water-columns leading
downward from said drum, a horizontal water-box connecting said water-columns,
a water-tube grate, a water-leg communicating with said water-tube grate and
forming a bridge-wall therefor, water-passages connecting said horizontal water-
box with said water-tube grate and water-leg, a header connecting with said
water-tube grate, and ascending water-passages leading from said header to said
drum, substantially as specified.
8. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, a water-tube grate and
water-passages leading thereto from said drum, a water-leg communicating with
said water-tube grate and forming a bridge-wall therefor, a header connected
with said water-leg and one or more banks of ascending tubes leading therefrom
to said drum.
9. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, an upper water-tube
grate and water-passages leading thereto from said drum, a lower grate com-
prising water-tubes, water-passages leading to said lower water-tube grate from
said drum, a header connected with said water-tube grates, and one or more
banks of ascending tubes leading therefrom to said drum.
10. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, a water-tube grate,
water-passages leading to said water-tube grate from said drum and water-passages
leading therefrom to said drum, a bridge-wall for said grate, a lower grate com-
prising water-tubes, a water-leg communicating with said lower water-tube grate
and forming a bridge-wall therefor, water-passages leading to said lower water-
tube grate from said drum, and water-passages leading from said water-leg to
said drum, substantially as specified.
11. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, water-columns leading
therefrom, a water-box connecting said water-columns, a grate, a water-leg
forming a bridge-wall for said grate, water-passages leading from said water-
columns and water-box to said water-leg, a header and water-tubes leading to
said header from said water-leg, a second header and a bank of tubes leading
thereto from said first header, a third header and a bank of tubes leading thereto
from said second header, and water-passages leading from said third header to
said drum, substantially as specified.
12. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a drum, one or more passages
leading downward from said drum, a header communicating with said water pas-
sage or passages, a bank of ascending tubes having their lower ends connected
with said header, a second header connected with the upper ends of said bank of
tubes, a second bank of ascending tubes having their lower ends connected with
said second header, a third header connected with the upper ends of said second
bank of ascending tubes and located above said first header, passages connecting
said third header with said steam-drum, means for directing the products of com-
bustion into active contact with said tubes and headers, and an escape therefor
located between the vertical planes of said second and third headers.
13. In the combination of a boiler and furnace, a header, a bank of ascending
tubes having their lower ends connected with said header, a second header con-
nected with the upper ends of said bank of ascending tubes, a second bank of
ascending tubes having their lower ends connected with said second header, a
third header located above said first header and connected with the upper ends

page_text: of said second bank of ascending tubes, a passage between said first and third
headers, means of directing the gaseous products of combustion into active con-
tact with said tubes and headers, and an escape therefor located between :ne
vertical planes of said second and third headers, as specified.
Dated the 20th day of October 1898.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicants.