Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 26th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns.
J, WILLIAM HOWLEY WELLS of Evershot in the County of Dorset, Estate Agent
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The object of my invention is partly to construct churns in such manner that the
vessels in which the cream or milk is agitated and churned into butter may be made
of glass and partly to construct them in such manner that the bulk of milk or cream
to be churned instead of being churned in a single vessel as heretofore may be divided
and churned in vessels of moderate and convenient dimensions so that varying
quantities of milk or cream can be churned in the same churn with equal efficiency
however simple the shape of the churn.
The vessels in which the milk or cream is to be agitated I make in the form of
jars preferably of glass or transparent material and with an uncontracted or practically
uncontracted mouth or opening at the top. I place one two or more such jars into a
rack or frame according to the quantity of milk or cream to be churned.
Each jar or vessel I close at the top by a lid preferably pressed down onto it by a
screw or similar contrivance carried by the frame-each jar being closed by a
separate lid which also serves to hold it in place in the frame. To the frame I
impart a revolving or oscillating to and fro movement to agitate the milk or cream
in the jar or jars to effect the churning each jar being only partially filled with milk
or cream.
With churns of large size one end of each jar might be of metal, wood, earthen-
ware or other non transparent material and the other end of glass so that the glass
jars may not be of inconvenint size. The two parts of the jar might be held together
when placed into a frame by means of a screw as above described or they might be
held together by other convenient form of fastening. In some cases the metal
portions of the jars might be formed with axes projecting from them by which
they could be revolved or oscillated instead of placing the jars into a frame.
One advantage of making the jars of glass or partly of glass is that the progress of
the churning can be seen without opening the jars-they can also readily be kept
clean.
By using agitating frames carrying two or more jars or vessels to contain the
cream or milk the cream or milk can be churned with equal efficiency as when there
is a large quantity as then only a single vessel need be used instead of two or more,
and very simply formed vessels can thus be used for churning.
Dated this 28th day of January 1889.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. .
Improvements in Churns.
I, WILLIAM HOWLEY WELLS of Evershot in the County of Dorset, Estate Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my invention is partly and especially to construct churns in such
simple manner that the vessels in which the cream or milk is agitated and churned
into butter may be made of glass, and partly to construct them in such manner that
the bulk of milk or cream to be churned instead of being churned in a single vessel
as heretofore may be divided and churned in vessels of moderate and convenient
dimensions so that varying quantities of milk or cream can be charned in the same
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page_text: churn with equal efficiency and also to enable the cream from different milkings or
from individual cows or creams of various degrees of ripeness to be churned separately,
in the same churn.
The vessels in which the milk or cream is to be agitated I make in the form of
simple vessels such as pails, barrels or jars of glass or metal or other suitable
material but preferably of glass and with an uncontracted or practically uncontracted
mouth or opening at the top although when the vessels or jars are of large size it may
be convenient to more or less contract the mouth but not to such an extent as to
hinder a man's hand and arm being readily passed into them when they are to be
cleaned. I place two or more such jars into a rack or frame according to the quantity
of milk or cream to be churned.
Each jar or vessel I close at the top by a lid preferably pressed down onto it by a
screw or similar contrivance carried by the frame each jar being preferably closed by
a separate lid which also serves to hold it in place in the frame. To the frame I
impart a revolving or oscillating to and fro movemont to agitate the milk or cream in
the jars to effect the churning each jar being only partially filled with milk
or cream.
With churns of large size one end of each jar might be of metal, wood, earthen-
ware, or other non-transparent material and the other end of class, so that the glass
jars may not be of inconvenient size or both might be of glass or metal meeting at
the connections. The two parts of the jar might be held together when placed into
a frame by means of a screw as above described or they might be held together
by other convenient form of fastening.
One advantage of making the jars of glass or partly of glass is that the progress
of the churning can be seen without opening the jars they can also readily be kept
clean.
By using agitating frames carrying two or more jars or vessels to contain the
cream or milk the cream or milk can be churned with equal efficiency when there is
a small quantity as when there is a large quantity as then only a single vessel need
be used instead of two or more and very simply formed vossels can thus be used for
churning.
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 shew a churn constructed according to my invention.
In this churn the stand by which the axis of the revolving frame is carried is
made capable of being folded together so that it may occupy but small space-it
is also formed in such manner that when the churn is not being used for churning
the frame may be fixed in a horizontal position so that a flat board which will
serve as a tablo may be supported upon it-the frame is shewn to be formed for
holding within it two churning vessels.
Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 an end view. Figure 3 is a side
elevation and Figure 4 an end view with the frame locked in a horizontal position
and carrying a board to serve as a table.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a churn in which the revolving frame is adapted
for holding three churning vessels. Figure 6 is an elevation partly in section of the
revolving frame of the churn. Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 shew sections of various
forms of vessels which may be carried within the frame-these are shown merely as
examples and not as being the only forms that can be used. Figure 11 is a
vertical section of a churn in which the jar or containing vessel is in two parts
meeting together at a point intermediate of the two ends.
A is a rectangular frame capable of being revolved. B B are the jars or con-
taining vessels carried in it. CC are the lids of the jars which may be of metal
or glass or other suitable material. D D are elastic rings carried by the lids to
come against the top rim of the jars and make tight joints. EE are screws
carried by the frame for pressing the lids against the top of the jars, thereby closing
the jars at the same time that they hold the jars in place.
The jars
Each vessel should be filled about one third full with milk or cream and the
frame revolved at a speed say of about 70 or 80 revolutions a minute.
being of glass the progress of the churning can as above mentioned be readily seen

page_text: without opening them. In hot climates each vessel B might be surrounded with an
outer one of larger diameter containing cold water, and the inner and outer vessels
might both be closed by one lid as shewn at Figure 12. In the churn shewn in
Figure 2 the frame is shewn as being formed to carry two churning vessels and in
Figure 5 to carry three vessels but the frames might if desired be constructed to
carry a greater number. The frame may be of wood as shewn or it may he of
metal or other suitable material as preferred.
.
By making a churn with a number of separate vessels or cells in any one or more
of which milk or cream can be separately churned the churn can be used with equal
advantage whether there be little or much milk to be churned and creams of various
degrees of ripeness can be churned simultaneously though separately which also
allows of the milk from the several cows in a herd or milk received by large
Dairies from various farms being tested most, efficiently as the milk or cream from
each cow or farm can be churned separately though simultaneously with others.
Also when the churning vessels are made of glass the progress of the churning can
be readily seen and if the butter should come in one of the vessels before the others,
this vessel could be quickly removed and the churning in the others proceeded with.
In the modification shown at Figure 11 the jar is in two parts meeting together
at a point intermediate of its length. Both parts may be of glass or one may be of
glass and the other of metal as preferred.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A churn composed of a frame to which a revolving or oscillating motion can be
imparted and having clamped within it jars of glass or other suitable material having
wide open mouths which allow of a man's hand being inserted for cleaning them and
which are closed by readily removable lids substantially as described.
2. A churn composed of a frame to which a revolving or oscillating motion can be
imparted and carrying jars of glass or other suitable material with wide open
mouths closed by lids pressed against the top edges of their mouths by screws which
also hold the jars in the frame substantially as described.
3. A churn composed of a rectangular frame with axes at the centre of its ends
or approximately so and with jars of glass or other suitable material clamped
between the two sides of the frame substantially as described.
4. A churn composed of a frame to which a revolving or oscillating motion can
be imparted and which carries within it two cylindrical vessels held together end to
end one of these vessels being of glass substantially as described with reference to
figure 7.
5. Surrounding each of the churning vessels with an outer vessel of larger
diameter and both closed with one lid substantially as described.
6. The construction of churns substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the drawings annexed.
Dated this orth of Ontahan 18020