IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS BAD RICE DRI " PROVISIONAL SPATION FOR SURFACE PRINTING AND EMBOSSING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Parkes, of Liverpool Street, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS BAD RICE DRI
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Parkes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1862.
: I, ALEXANDER PARKES, of Liverpool Street, Birmingham, in the County of
5 Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR SURFACE PRINTING AND EMBOSSING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
rollers for surface printing and embossing. In surface printing on woven
0 fabrics by means of rollers it is common to employ massive rollers of
copper, mounted on a shaft or mandril, and recently in many cases an iron
roller, or "liner" as it is called, with a tube or "roller" of copper forced
on to it, has been substituted for a roller entirely of copper. In either case
such roller is extremely heavy, more especially when of the larger sizes, as
with the exception of the hole for the mandril, they are made perfectly solid.
Now, according to my Invention, I cast the "liner" or inner roller hollow

page_text: interiorly, so that it then fits the mandril only at each end, or if greater strength
is required, a central bearing surface may also be provided. I make the
liner of cast iron, or preferably of cast steel, if it can be obtained at a sufficiently
low price. At the places where the "liner" fits upon the maundril, I, in some
cases, bush it by preference with copper or brass. I secure the roller on the
maundril by means of a solid "nib" or projection left on the side of the hole
through which the maundril passes; this nib enters a recess or key way cut for
it in the axis. When the "liner" is bushed with copper or brass, the nibbing
may be effected by a machine similar to that commonly employed in nibbing
copper rollers, but when the liners are not so bushed, I form the nib by means of
a machine, of which the cutting tool rises and falls vertically in the manner of
a slotting machine, as the machine ordinarily employed for nibbing. copper
rollers will not cut iron efficiently. This manner of manufacturing surface
printing rollers will be found very advantageous in producing the large rollers
known as handkerchief rollers. Rollers for embossing fabrics, leather, and
other materials commonly embossed by copper rollers, may also be made in
the manner above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Parkes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
PARKES, of Liverpool Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alexander Parkes, Her special licence, that I, the said Alexander
Parkes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Alexander Parkes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS FOR SURFACE PRINTING AND
EMBOSSING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander'
Parkes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Parkes, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :--
:
. This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of rollers
for surface printing and embossing. In surface printing on woven fabrics by
means of rollers, it is common to employ massive rollers of copper mounted on
a shaft or mandril, and recently in many cases an iron roller or "liner," as it
is called, with a tube or "roller" of copper forced on to it, has been sub-
stituted for a roller entirely of copper. In either case such roller is extremely
heavy, more especially when of the larger sizes, as with the exception of the
hole for the mandril they are made perfectly solid. Now, according to my
Invention, I cast the "liner" or inner roller hollow interiorly, so that it then
fits the mandril only at each end, or if greater strength is required a central
bearing surface may also be provided. I make the liner of cast iron, or pre-
ferably of cast steel, if it can be obtained at a sufficiently low price. At the
places where the "liner "fits upon the mandril I in some cases bush it, by
preference with copper or brass. I secure the roller on the mandril by means
of a solid "nib" or projection left on the side of the hole through which the
mandril passes; this nib enters a recess or key way cut for it in the axis.
When the "liner" is bushed with copper or brass, the nibbing may be
effected by a machine similar to that commonly employed in nibbing copper
rollers; but when the liners are not so bushed, I form the nib by means of a
machine, of which the cutting tool rises and falls vertically in the manner of a
slotting machine, as the machine ordinarily employed for nibbing copper rollers'
will not cut iron efficiently. This manner of manufacturing surface printing"
rollers will be found very advantageous in producing the large rollers known'
as handkerchief rollers. Rollers for embossing fabrics, leather, and other'
materials commonly embossed by copper rollers, may also be made in the
manner above described..

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a roller, constructed according to my
Invention, with a hollow liner; Figure 2 is a transverse section taken at the
line 1, 1, Figure 1; Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of another roller of
similar construction, but bushed at the ends where it comes in contact with
the mandril; Figure 4 is a transverse section taken at the line 1, 1, Figure 3.
a, a, is the exterior cylinder of copper; it is constructed in the manner
heretofore practised when solid liners have been employed. 6 is the liner,
which is cast hollow, so that there is a space left between it and the mandril,
except where it is made to fit upon the mandril at the ends (and it may be
also, for a short distance at the centre of the roller); c is the mandril of ordinary
construction, and slightly tapered as is usual. The liner having been roughly
cast to form it, is fitted to the mandril by a machine similar to an ordinary
slotting machine, having a tool rising and falling vertically with a stroke of
greater length than the liner; the liner is placed truly in position under the
tool, and it is rotated as the tool works up and down; the tool is arranged so
that it can be moved to and from the centre about which the liner is rotated.
By means of this machine the ends of the liner are readily fitted to the mandril,
a solid nib being left at 6', which, fitting a groove formed for it in the mandril,
renders it impossible for the liner to turn thereon, thus both ends of the liner
are fitted at the same time. I would remark that the nib within the liner is by
no means indispensable. In foreign print works it is customary to employ no nib,
and to trust entirely to driving the roller upon the mandril; when no nib is
employed, the liner is more readily fitted to the mandril by boring it in an
ordinary boring machine; a central bearing surface within the liner will not
be required unless it be of extraordinary length; if a central bearing be em-
ployed, it is similarly bored to fit the mandril. The liner having been fitted
for the mandril, is placed on a mandril similar to that on which it is to be
worked, and is then turned true and to the proper size externally; this being
done, the liner is ready to receive the external cylinder of copper a, which is
applied and used as heretofore when solid liners, have been employed. Figures
3 and 4, as already mentioned, shew a roller with a bushed. liner, a construc-
tion, I, on the whole, prefer to that before described. In this case the liner
is bored out at the ends, and the bushes, which I prefer to be of brass, having
1

page_text: been fitted externally to the hole in the liner, and internally to the mandril,
are forced into their places by an hydraulic press, and in order to avoid any
risk of the bushes moving from their places after they have been forced in,
the bore in the liner is slightly increased in diameter at its inner end, so that
the bush may expand into it when exposed to the hydraulic pressure, and that
it may do this the more readily the bush is slightly grooved immediately
above its end, so as to weaken the part which it is desired to expand; the
forms given to the bush, and the recess to receive it, are illustrated at
Figure 5.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Parkes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
ALEXANDER PARKES. (L.S.)