CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF MOULD CANDLES
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Joseгu
MORGAN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Pewterer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-four, and in the fifth year of His reign, did, for Himself,
His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Morgan,
His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Joseph Morgan, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Morgan, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agrec
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF MOULD CANDLES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Joseph Morgan, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Morgan, do hereby declare the nature of my "Certain Improvements
n the Apparatus used in the Manufacture of Mould Candles" to consist in
he construction and arrangement of certain machinery or apparatus by which
he manufacture of mould candles is greatly facilitated, and the labour or

page_text: manual labour required in this manufacture greatly decreased, and the manner
in which the same is performed or carried into eflect will be more clearly
seen by reference to the annexed Drawings, and the following description
thereof, in which descriptions and Drawings certain letters and figures or
reference are used, the same letters and figures of reference indicating the
same parts throughout the whole of the Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents an end elevation of my improved apparatus; Figure 2,
a front view; and Figure 3. a plan of the same; Figure 4 is an elevation seen
from the back of the apparatus, in the opposite direction to that represented
at Figure 2. In these Figures A represents the vessel or reservoir in which
the melted tallow or other material is contained for making the candle; and B
represents a series of moulds, in which the tallow or other material is received
for forming the candle in the usual manner, but the arrangement and con-
struction of these moulds, in which the candles are formed, varying from
those of the ordinary construction, this part is shewn on an enlarged scale at
Figure 5, and some of the detached parts at full size at Figures 6 and 7.
In Figure 5, b, b, represents a hollow tin cylinder, which opens longitudinally,
and is provided with a number of warves or bobbins of cotton or other wick.
to correspond with the number of moulds which are to be supplied. These
warves or bobbins revolve freely on a wirl or shaft which passes the whole
length of the cylindrical case b, b, and gives off the cotton wick as it is
required for the formation of the candles, as hereafter explained. Figure 6
represents an elevation at full size of the upper end of one of the cylindrical
moulds, as shewn at B in the other Figures, and Figure 7 a plan of the same,
shewn in an inverted position, so that the interior of the mould is here repre-
sented. In these two Figures 6 and 7 it will be remarked that the top is not
constructed in one piece, as in ordinary moulds, but consists of the part b,
which is part of the cylindrical side of the mould, and the part be, which is a
sliding or moveable part. This last or moving part is hollow, for the wick
to pass through, and fits close to the part b', when the tallow or other
material is poured into the mould to form the candle; but as soon as the
candle is cold, and in a condition to be removed from the mould, instead of
pulling it out in the ordinary way, I aun by this arrangement enabled to force
the candle out by pressure applied to the extremity of the part &, throngh
which the wick passes from the cylindrical case b, b, and the wick which
passes out by a hole in the side of the part 2, following the course of the
candle as it is forced from the mould, recottons the mould for a succeeding
candle, as will be seen hereafter. Figure 8 represents a series of nippers or

page_text: pincers which open and shut together by the action of the lever C, and these
nippers are for the purpose of holding the wick at the opposite end of the
mould to that at which it enters at the hole in 2, in a perpendicular and
antrical position in the mould at the time when the tallow or other material
is introduced.
Having described the separate and detached parts of my apparatus, as
represented at Figures 6, 7, 8, I shall proceed to describe the process in which
I proceed in the manufacture of candles by this apparatus. Supposing a
frame or set of moulds as represented at B to have wicks carried through
each mould, or regularly cottoned, and each wick to be held accurately in
the center of the mould by means of the series of nippers shewn at
Figure 8, the moulds are first taken to the position shewn at B', Figure
2, and 3, and 4, where they are supported in a perpendicular position on
the small straight edges or railway d, d, as seen at Figure 3; in this position
they are run forward until they come perpendicularly under the reservoir A,
where the tallow or other material of which the candle is to be constructed is
supplied in the usual manner. The candles being in this state the moulds
are run along on the railway d, d, under the reservoir A, to any convenient
position which the railway may be conducted to, where they remain until
they are sufficiently hardened to be taken from the moulds, at which period
the nippers shewn at Figure 8 are removed. When the candles are bar-
dened the moulds are brought to the position shewn at B, Figure 3, where
they are placed on a similar railway to that shewn at d, d, on the other side
of the machine; here they are pushed forward in the direction indicated by
the black arrow, till they arrive at the hanging table D, which vibrates on the
joint e, e, and is then let down, but immediately returned to the horizontal
position by the operator carrying along with it the frame of moulds B, in
which position it is held by a catch shewn at e' in Figure 2. From the hori-
zontal position shewn at D in Figure 3, the moulds B are removed in the
direction of the red arrow, until they arrive immediately opposite the series of
rammers E, as shewn separate at Figure 10, where the cylinderical case b, b,
is removed by binding the jointed frame, as seen at Figure 11 to be out of the
way of the runner E. This series of rammers E moves freely in an horizontal
direction, supported on strait edges at each extremity, and is actuated or
moved by the partial rotation of the wheel C, as represented at Figure 1,
where f represents a band or chain passing over it perephiry, and round the
guide pulley f. This chain of band f is attached to the series of rammers E,
so that any vibration of the lever c', which is fixed on the axis of the wheel C,
is imparted to the rammers E in an horizontal direction, the moulds being in
the position shewn at Figure 10. The next duty of the operative is to vibrate

page_text: tho lever c' in the direction of the arrow, at its extremity, see Figure 1, and
thereby force the series of rammers E into contact with the sliding part of
each of the moulds, and thereby displacing or pushing out the amount of
candles which are received into the grooved table F, which is raised up to the
exact position to receive them by the action of the scroll piece c, attached to
tho wheel C, and on which the grooved table F is supported. The candles
being thus forced from the moulds by the action of the rammers are imme-
diately secured and held stationary by depressing the lover G, which is
provided with a series or liko number of small convex pieces of pewter formed
of a section of the candle mould, which are attached to slight springs, as seen
at Figure 2. This lever is held down by a small catch. From what has been
said of the frame of mould B, it is obvious that the same action of the rammers
E which displace the candles, will carry down the moulds a fresh supply of
wicks for the succeeding candles, and at this period, while the finished
candles are secured on the table F, the nippers shewn at Figure 8 must be
reapplied, after which the finished candles are cut off and disposed of. The
next duty of the operative is to replace the lever c' in the position shewn at
Figure 1, which retires or carries back the rammers E along with the sliding
top of the moulds & to their former position, and the moulds are cottoned or
wicked ready for a fresh supply of tallow or other material. This series of
rammer shewn at E are formed of separate hollow tubes supported in the
cross piece 9, 9, each of which tubes are provided with a small spring, having
a slight projection on its inside, by means of which, when the rammers are
pressed against the sliding part of the moulds marked 6, the spring gives
way and catches firm hold of the notched part, as shewn at Figure 6, and is
thereby enabled to bring it back to its former position, when the candles are
forced from the moulds as soon as the rammers are retired, and have brought
back the sliding tops of the respective moulds. The springs at their ex-
tremity, which had held the part as already described, are relieved or lifted up
by a second series of rammers on rods which pass up the interior of the hollow
rammers already described. These second series of rods are fixed in a similar
cross piece marked h, h, in Figure 3, which as soon as the rammers are retired
from the moulds is forced forward by means of the lever H, and thereby the
caps and the whole of the moulds marked B freed from any connection with
the rammers E. At this period the moulds are passed forward to the rail road
d, d, and replaced in the position shewn at 13, the tallow from the reservoir A
again supplied to them, and the process already described repeated to any
number of times. From what has been said of the construction of my appa-
ratus, and method of operating, it will be seen that with a sufficient number of
frames of moulds to allow the moulds to cool, the action of this machinery or

page_text: apparatus may be continued for any period which may be required, and much
labour saved which is expended in the ordinary process, in addition to which
the waste of candle wick is entirely obviated.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed and carried into effect, I hereby declare that I do not
claim any separate or will know part of the apparatus or machinery by which
my Invention is performed and carried into effect, but I do claim the general
arrangement of such parts of machinery by which I am enabled to replace fresh
wicks of cotton or other material in the moulds at the same time and by the same
action as that which forces the candle out in the direction already described,
which effect is more particularly produced by the peculiar construction of the
sliding part represented and described at Figures 6 and 7, which, together
with the general arrangement of the whole apparatus being to the best of my
knowledge new, and never before used, I hereby deliver this as my true and
faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, the said Joseph Morgan hath hereunto set his
hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered (first duly
stamped) by the
within-named
Joseph Morgan, in the presence of
JOSEPH (L.S.) MORGAN.
year of our Lord 1834, the aforesaid Joseph Morgan came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1834, the aforesaid Joseph Morgan came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord