matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMINATED SPRINGS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND FOR OTHER USES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Watson Spencer, of Newburn, in the County of
Northumberland, Steel Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMINATED SPRINGS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES,
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND FOR OTHER USES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Watson Spencer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1881.
JOHN WATSON SPENCER, of Newburn, in the County of Northumberland, Steel
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LAMINATED SPRINGS
FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND FOR OTHER USES."
My Invention has for its object the production of springs of decreased weight
for a given amount of elasticity, or of increased strength with a given amount of
weight.
And my Invention consists in constructing springs from one or any required
number of steel plates having a form in transverse section similar to a corrugated
plate, in which the intersecting plane is at right angles to the direction of the
corrugations.
And these corrugations may be made to extend through the entire length of
the plate or only through a part of it, as required.
In a compound spring, or one consisting of several layers of plates, and con-
structed according to this Invention, the different layers of plates retain their
position one above the other by means of the convexity of a corrugation in one
plate fitting into a corresponding concavity of a corrugation in the next plate,
whereby great firmness in the combination of the several plates is obtained, and
the use of slots, and studs, and retaining pins such as have been employed hitherto
in the construction of laminated springs is dispensed with.
When successive layers of plates or leaves are required the edges of the plates
are by preference made somewhat thicker than the central corrugations, so
that the said plates may be caused to fit well one upon another when put
together.
In springs made with corrugated plates, as above stated, the failure of the plate,
owing to its flattening out, is entirely avoided, which objection applies to springs
made with curved plates in which the transverse section of the plate is similar to
that of a tube split lengthwise.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my
Invention is,―
The construction of laminated springs from one or more steel plates formed with
corrugations adapted to fit one into another in the manner and for the purpose
herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Watson Spencer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness,
RICHARD A. LEWIS,
Sugley, Lemington on Tyne,
Engineer.
JOHN W. SPENCER. (L.s.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE PRESERVING CORSETS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Donat Fortuné Trefcon, of the City of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE PRESERVING CORSETS." A com-
munication from abroad by Donat Fortuné Trefcon, of the City of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
The object of the present Invention is to supersede the cumbersome life belts at
present employed by substituting therefore a lighter and slighter article which is
quite as effective as the old cork belt.
The Invention consists of a neatly made corset or stays composed of a number
of long bars or strips of cork; these are arranged vertically between two stout and
waterproof cloths, and the bars or strips of cork are articulated so as to be flexible,
and in order to fit closely to the body when in use and when not so employed to
admit of the corsets being rolled up into a small compass.
The ribs or strips formed by the cork are bound top and bottom by a band
which whilst keeping the cork in position makes a nice termination to the corsets,
which latter are fastened behind by elastic bands and in front by hooks or clasps.
The corsets are made lower under the arms and back and rising in the front of
the chest.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF IRON, AND ARTICLES MADE THEREOF, INTO STEEL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by John Date, of Montreal, Quebec, in the Dominion of
Canada.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION
OF IRON, AND ARTICLES MADE THEREOF, INTO STEEL." [A communication from
abroad by John Date, of Montreal, Quebec, in the Dominion of Canada.]
This Invention relates to a process whereby, the bar, bloom, sheet, or shape of
either cast iron after undergoing the annealing process, or wrought or forged iron,
is converted into solid steel by subjecting the bar, bloom, sheet, or shape, in its
natural state, in a heated retort or oven, to the action of gases, or charcoal and
petroleum, or other bydrocarbon, generated within or without the retort, said retort.
being of such construction that a pressure of gas shall not be maintained.
The bar, bloom, sheet, or shape, after treatment, is removed and cooled by natural
or artificial means.
In carrying the said Invention into practice the cast, annealed, or wrought iron,
bloom, bar rail, sheet, or manufactured piece of any shape in greater or less
quantities, is introduced in a cold state into a heated retort or oven, not air-tight,
but sufficiently close to retain gas under a natural pressure, and which gas may be
generated within the retort or oven by the introduction of charcoal and fluid
hydrocarbon; the retort is heated to a sufficient degree to heat the iron to be
converted into steel, to a few degrees below the point of fusion, and the heat
maintained during the process of conversion, which will take for small bars and
shapes, twenty minutes, and for ordinary sized bars and rails twenty hours, more
or less.
When the gases are not generated within the retort or oven, they may be
generated separately or combinedly outside the retort or oven, and allowed to flow
therein by natural circulation through a conducting pipe or pipes.
When the gases are generated within the retort the hydrocarbon fluid is fed
thereto through conducting pipes and the charcoal supplied before or after heating
the retort.

page_text: This Invention is also applicable to the hardening of steel which is deficient in
carbon whereby a coating of hard steel may be given to "Bessemer" steel bars,
and frogs for railways, and to plough shares, and other shapes of iron or steel of a
mild quality.
The said Invention is also adapted for the manufacture of edge tools by casting
or forging the shapes of iron and then carbonizing the same in the manner
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIMINISHING AND DRAW-OFF VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Brett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1881.
WILLIAM CHARLES BRETT, of High Street, Homerton, in the County of
Middlesex, Gas and Water Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIMINISHING AND
DRAW-OFF VALVES."
This Invention relates to the construction and application to valves and draw-off
cocks, whether for water or steam, of an automatic arrangement for reducing the
pressure of water or steam from a high to any required lower pressure.
In carrying out my improvements as applied to an ordinary screw down valve
I apply to the body of the valve a tube passing through a stuffing box, and
opening into a cylindrical or other receiver having a larger diameter than the
diameter of the valve. In the said receiver works a piston or plunger connected
to the said tube.
By this arrangement, if the valve be opened, the water or steam passing up the
said tube into the receiver will force down the plunger, thereby causing the tube
to close or partly close the valve as required.
Instead of employing the hereinbefore described tube and stuffing box I may
employ an arrangement of levers for operating the piston or plunger.
AN IMPROVED MEDICINAL COMPOUND OR BEVERAGE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Godfrey William Hamilton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1881.
GODFREY WILLIAM HAMILTON, of 90, Chancery Lane, London. "AN IMPROVED
MEDICINAL COMPOUND OR BEVERAGE."
The object of this Invention is the production of an improved medicinal compound
or beverage, to be drank as a medicine for various ailments and also as a refreshing
beverage generally.
For this purpose I mix any preparation of taraxacum or its species, either liquid
or solid with any suitable aerated, effervescing, or gaseous liquid, or liquid
containing gas, or from which gas may be evolved. To this I add an extract from
grapes under pressure.
ПЕРИЯ-АШИК
1/2 lb of the taraxacum,
1 gallon of water containing gas, and from
6 to 8 ounces of an extract from grapes under pressure.
A Distance IndicaTOR FOR BICYCLES AND SIMILAR MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Underwood and Thomas
Albert Underwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
June 1881.
EDWIN UNDERWOOD, and THOMAS ALBERT UNDERWOOD, both of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick. “A Distance IndicaTOR FOR BICYCLES AND SIMILAR
MACHINES."
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus or arrangement of mechanism
for indicating or recording the distance travelled or traversed by bicycles, tricycles,
and other similar machines or vehicles.
The improved apparatus is contained within a shallow cylindrical casing, which
is provided with a front dial which is circumferentially divided into ten or any
other suitable number of equal parts representing miles, each such division being
subdivided (preferably) into eight equal parts representing furlongs, or into any
other desired subsidiary measurement. This dial has a suitable finger or pointer.
turning about the centre thereof. The dial is also marked with a tens or other
accumulating dial of a much smaller diameter, it being situated between the centre
and the circumference of the larger dial. This smaller dial may be divided into
thirty or any other number of equal parts, each of which represents a complete
traverse of the larger dial by its pointer, and it also has a suitable finger or pointer
turning about its centre, and indicates on its dial the total number of complete
revolutions made by the larger pointer around its dial, and thus the total distance
traversed can be immediately read off the dials.
The mechanism by which these pointers are actuated comprises a weight-piece
which is fixed to and on one side of a spindle (situated near the centre of the case)
in such a manner as to prevent the spindle from revolving when the apparatus is
revolved about its centre. One end of a flat spring fastened to the weight-piece,
and its other end is free, and engages with a ratchet wheel (through which the
spindle passes) in such a manner as to prevent any oscillation of the weight as the
apparatus revolves with the wheels or other part of the vehicle to which it is
applied. The spindle is also provided with a tooth or projection which at each
revolution of the apparatus moves forward a toothed wheel the extent of one
tooth. The spindle of this toothed wheel has also a similar tooth or projection
which in each revolution of this wheel moves forward another toothed wheel the

page_text: extent of one tooth, the number of teeth in this latter wheel is equal to that of the
subdivisions of the larger dial, and the wheel is on the same spindle as the pointer
thereof, and correspondingly moves it one subdivision for each revolution of the
first or actuating wheel. The motion is similarly transmitted from the spindle of
the second toothed wheel at each revolution thereof to a third toothed wheel having
the same number of teeth as the divisions of the smaller dial, and being on the
same spindle as the pointer thereof, and correspondingly moving it one division at
each completo revolution of the pointer of the larger dial.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrison Doty at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1881.
HENRY HARRISON DOTY, of 15, Bury Street, St. James', in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS."
"
The object of this Invention, which relates to improvements in gas-burners, is
to produce a maximum amount of light or illumination from a given consumption
of gas by ensuring the complete combustion thereof, and thus to obtain more
perfect efficiency and secure greater economy, and avoid the usual vitiation of the
surrounding air by any unconsumed gas.
In lieu of emitting the gas from boles or slits perforated or cut vertically or
obliquely into or through the top or head of the burner and arranged in various
angular positions in relation to each other, as in burners in present use, my Invention
consists in providing for the emission of the gas by cutting slits or equivalent
apertures through the sides of the burner in a horizontal or nearly horizontal
direction, the slits, if there be two, being arranged opposite to each other, and if there
be three or more being regularly spaced around and extending nearly around the
burner if they be in the same plane, or wholly around (speaking of them collectively)
if they be in different planes, with the object of causing the gas to be emitted in a
horizontal or nearly horizontal direction, so as (when ignited) to cause an extension
of the flame and a free exposure thereof to the surrounding air, the flame being bent
up by the impinging current of air somewhat in the form of a tulip, the result
being that a comparatively very large amount of oxygen is taken up and consumed,
and the gas is consequently more fully and economically utilized, the resulting light
or illumination attaining the possible maximum, and greatly exceeding that
attained by other burners from a similar consumption of gas.
A small central aperture may also be made in the top of the burner to emit a
central jet of gas, which would produce a more solid body of illuminating flame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1881. A com-
munication from Bernhard Nicolaus Oble, of Hamburgh, in the German
Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMann Felix ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES."
These improvements refer to efflux ventilating arrangements applied to railway
and other carriages, the action of which is produced by the outer counter-current of
the outer atmospheric air to the moving carriage.
The purpose of the Invention is to gain a most perfect ventilation without giving
draught to the passengers, and with the means of regulating the action of the
apparatus, or of putting it out of use altogether, if required.
The construction is as follows:-
In the upper part of the sides of the carriage rectangular openings are cut out,
each of which is fitted with a frame containing a number of blinds (pivotted in the
framing) that can be turned at any angle to the longitudinal direction of the wall
of the carriage, and that may also completely be closed for putting the apparatus
out of action. To the outer side of the carriage wall semicircular or rectangular
threesided gutters or covers of sheet iron or cast iron are fastened in such manner
that each opening is covered by one gutter. The ends of the gutters are not closed,
and allow the outer air to pass through.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
If the carriage is in motion, the outer air will pass through the gutter in a
contrary direction. The blinds must be turned in such direction as to form sharp
angles with the line of direction of the air in the gutters, in which case the air
passing through the latter will suck out foul air from the inner part of the carriage,
and will carry this away with it through the gutter.
By closing the blind more or less, the action of the apparatus can be regulated.
If the carriage takes a reverse direction, the direction of the blinds must be
changed, as otherwise an influx of air into the carriage would take place, and
draught be produced.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND GLAZING ROOFS AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Carter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1881.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JAMES CARTER, of Uxbridge, in the County of Middlesex.
THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND GLAZING ROOFS AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
My Invention refers to a simple and economical method of construction of
glazed roofs and all other structures covered or enclosed by glass. It is well suited
for horticultural buildings, railway stations, markets, and the like. The roof or
other structure, by my Invention, is made and glazed in the following manner :-
The purlins are attached to the principals by thumb screws. The panes of glass aro
arranged in rows, step fashion, and the panes butt against each other. The upper
ends of the panes enter a ploughed groove in the purlins. The lower ends of the
panes rest on the top of the next purlin, but only cover about one third of its
width. Under these lower ends a channel is formed in the purlin to receive tho
inside condensation, which passes from the channel by a slutch to the next or lower
row of panes, thus preventing all drip inside the building. The panes are kept
tight and in place by screw hooks. The end panes of each row rest on a rebate
on the outside principals, and this rebate has a channel like those in the purlins.
The principals are slighter at the ridgo ends than at the plate ends. By my
method therefore the roof or other structure can easily be put together or taken
down, as it is all secured together by the screws, and no nails are used. The glass
also is easily removed or replaced, being solely held by the screw books. It is
therefore a very simple and economical method of construction of glazed roofs aud
other structures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by the Colts' Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company,
(Incorporated), of Hartford, in the State of Connecticut, United States of
America.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS." [A communication from abroad by the Colts' Patent Fire Arms
Manufacturing Company (Incorporated), of Hartford, in the State of Connecticut,
United States of America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in breech loading firearms, the object
being to simplify their construction and increase their efficiency.
In constructing what are known as break down guns, or guns in which the breech
is opened by the barrels tilting up, it is proposed to cock the hammer or hammers
by means of this tilting action.
The face of the lump or the projection below the barrels is shaped to receive a
transverse rock shaft, which has its bearings in the frame or receiver.
This rock shaft is formed with radial projections which lie against the face of
the lump. As therefore the barrels are dropped or raised, the transverse shaft
which is their axis of motion, will rock in its bearings following the movements of
the barrels.
Projecting rearwards from this shaft are lever arms which respectively underlie
the tail ends of the hammer, and serve when raised to tip the hammers on their
fulcrum pin, and throw them back into their cocking position.
This raising of the arms takes place when the rock shaft is turned in its bearings
by the tipping of the barrels, to expose their breech ends for loading.
When the barrels are returned to their normal position, the lever arm will
retire from the hammers, leaving them locked by the sears in their cocked
position.
It will be obvious that the notion of the rock shaft may be transmitted to the
ammers by other means than the lever arms above mentioned, without detriment
o the efficient action of the gun.

page_text: As an improvement upon breech cylinder firearms, it is proposed to check the
axial motion of the breech cylinder by fitting the "gate" on its inner edge with a
tooth or projection, which will extend into the path of the ratchet teeth on the
end of the breech cylinder, and act as a yielding stop to the progress of the
cylinder.
"
The "gate," which when opened exposes the breech cylinder for the reception of
cartridges, is fitted with a spring, which bearing on a flattened portion of its
fulcrum pin serves to hold it in its open or closed position, and allows the "gate'
to yield to the pressure of the ratchet wheel on its tooth, and then to snap again
into the closed position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR KEEPING TOBACCO MOIST AND IN CONDITION FOR SMOKING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bailey Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1881.
JOHN BAILEY DAVIES, of Bilbao, in the Kingdom of Spain, at present residing
at Jeffrey's Square, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED FOR KEEPING TOBACCO MOIST AND IN CONDITION FOR SMOKING."
The object of my Invention is rendering tobacco sufficiently damp for smoking,
and maintaining it in that condition. The manner of performing the same is as
follows:-
I take a quantity of fine or coarse plaster of Paris (gypsum) alone or mixed with
any other suitable substance, such as clay, chalk, or the like, and then mould
this substance into any form which will enable it to be brought into contact with
the tobacco to be treated.
+
Plaster of Paris has the property of absorbing about half its own weight of
water, or other liquid; for example, a dry slab of this plaster weighing two pounds
will absorb about one pound of water; it has also the property of giving off the
water or liquid either to the surrounding atmosphere or to any body or substance
it may come in contact with which has not the same degree of saturation as
itself.
The moulds of plaster may be constructed so as to form the lining of the lids
or sides of the boxes or receptacle in which the tobacco is placed, or into solid
cylinders.
When the tobacco to be treated is too dry the plaster is immersed in water or
otherwise saturated, after which the said tobacco is placed in the box or between
two slabs, or any other way, so long as it comes either into immediate contact or
nearly so with the tobacco, which then takes up the superfluous moisture from the
plaster mould. If on the other hand the tobacco is too damp, it is placed in
contact with a dry mould of the said plaster which immediately begins to absorb
the moisture from the tobacco.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Engineer. APPLICABLE TO REGISTER AND STOVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Sawyer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
OTHER
JOSEPH SAWYER, of Alma Street, New North Road, in the County of Middlesex,
AND
" IMPROVEMENTS IN
Engineer.
APPLICABLE TO REGISTER AND
STOVES."
My Invention relates to improvements in and applicable to register and other
stoves, and consists in the application of a combustion box or chamber fixed at the
back of the stove and provided with a slide door or valve at the bottom. The
said combustion box or chamber is formed with openings leading to the chimney
or flue. The flue leading from the fire consists of a suitably shaped descending
pipe provided with a valve for regulating the draught. The said descending pipe
is fixed in the combustion box or chamber, and extends to within a certain distance
from the bottom of the same.
By this arrangement the air is conducted through and over the fire, and the
gases and products of combustion will be conveyed to the lower part of the com-
bustion box or chamber where the gases and products of combustion thrown off
from the fuel will be consumed, thereby producing a comparatively smokeless
chimney.
But
Further, when applying my Invention to register and other stoves which have
hobs at the side thereof, I adapt a cast iron plate the whole width of the stove
directly over the fire, and with a flue partly cast thereon opening into the herein-
before described descending flue at the back of the stove. This plate has a round
or square hole cast therein, and is provided with a cover made to fit therein.
for register stoves which have no hobs I prefer applying a curved plate or cover
A valve, slide, or
over the whole area of the fire, leaving the fire open and free.
door is provided, which may be closed when first lighting the fire to produce a
quick draught and for the prevention of smoke.
A further improvement consists in constructing the fire grate so that it may be
rotated on horizontal pivots or centres. By this arrangement, when fresh fuel is
supplied to the fire, the grate is rotated so as to bring the green fuel to the bottom,
and thus effect a more complete combustion of the fuel and gases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TABLES OR TABLETS, SUCH TABLES OR TABLETS BEING APPLICABLE FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1881.
WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF TABLES OR TABLETS, SUCH TABLES OR TABLETS BEING
APPLICABLE FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Firstly. In applying my Invention as a substitute for an ordinary table, I
construct the lower parts in a similar manner to an ordinary table, and of wood,
metal, or other material. On a suitable foundation I inlay a plate of glass, by
preference "toughened," which forms the surface of the table; this plate of glass is
so applied by preference that it may be readily removed. Between the plate of
glass and the upper surface of the foundation on which it rests, I place sheets or
cards containing advertisements or other printed matter, designs, or other works
of art, which may be readily changed or taken out and replaced by removing the
glass top. The glass top may be colored on the under surface or otherwise
ornamented.
Secondly. My Invention further consists in the construction of tablets, such
tablets being used as substitutes for tombstones. In this arrangement I make a
framework of glass, by preference "toughened," made up of a number of parts and
secured together by bolts or their equivalents, so that it may be taken apart and
put together readily. Within the framework I insert two plates of glass, between
which I insert another plate of glass having the desired inscription or design printed
on both sides thereof, such central plate may be removed at pleasure for the
insertion of other matter or to be replaced or changed.
This central plate may
when preferred be of paper or other suitable material.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF POLICEMEN IN TAKING A PRISONER AND FOR PROTECTIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Macpherson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1881.
FREDERIC MACPHERSON of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster.
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF POLICEMEN IN TAKING A
PRISONER AND FOR PROTECTIVE PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to the construction of an appliance to be used by police.
men and other officers of the crown in taking or securing a prisoner and for
protection purposes. It consists of a ring by preference of metal round the outer
edges of which a bag of suitable woven fabric is secured. This ring is designed to
bo placed or thrust over the head of the prisoner so that the bag in which his head
becomes enveloped renders him blindfolded and utterly powerless and to prevent
this appliance being removed by the prisoner the ring is fitted round its inner edge
with a series of hinged lugs projections which are fitted with springs so as to yield
in one direction to allow the man's head to pass in and then to spring out and
prevent his withdrawing his head again without assistance and which can only be
accomplished by several pairs of hands holding each all the lugs simultaneously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. COPYING PRESSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1881.
A communication from Oscar Michaelis, of Berlin, Germany.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. von Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany, Patent Agent and
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN. COPYING PRESSES." [A communication from
Oscar Michaelis, of Berlin, Germany.]
This Invention relates to apparatus operating as a press for copying and other
like purposes. Two bellied pieces are fixed together at their ends at a certain
distance apart; to a staple on a plate which connects these pieces at one end are
hung loosely two pressing boards or plates by eyes fixed to one corner of each or at
one part of the edge of each. The book or other article of like kind which has to
be pressed is introduced between the two pressing plates, and the bellied pieces
being then pushed by manual force applied at the end opposite to that to which the
plates are hung so as to be caused to turn round the staple as a centre, their bellied
portions in passing over the surfaces of the plates squeeze them forcibly together.
When the plates have been quite passed over these are released, and the book or
other article can be withdrawn from between them.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE ARMS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Walter Morton, of No. 8, Railway Approach,
London Bridge, S.E., Gun Maker, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN FIRE ARMS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Walter Morton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1881.
WILLIAM WALTER MORTON, of No. 8, Railway Approach, London Bridge, S.E.,
Gun Maker. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE ARMS."
1st. The trigger plate is solid with the body of the action of a drop barrel
sporting gun or rifle on the so called hammerless system, thereby gaining strength.
2nd. The stock to have a solid head, that is to say, the locks are not let into it,
but bears solidly against the back portion of the action as if there were no locks;
and for this I claim that the gun will be sounder and can be stocked for about half
the price of an ordinary gun of the same quality would cost.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Walter Morton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th November 1881.
WILLIAM WALTER MORTON, of No. 8, Railway Approach, London Bridge, S.E.,
Gun Maker. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE ARMS."
This Invention has for its object the simplifying and rendering more safe and
effective the lock frame of the ordinary drop barrel sporting gun or rifle usually
constructed on the so called "hammerless system."
1stly. To accomplish this object I construct the trigger plate or lock frame solid
with the body of the action, thereby gaining a greatly increased amount of strength
and safety, and obviating the recourse to screwing the parts together, as is usually
adopted.
2ndly. The stock is to have a solid head, that is to say, the locks are not let
into it, as is usually the case, and which mode is very prejudicial to the safety and
durability of the gun; and a bearing is secured by my Invention of great solidity
against the back portion of the action in firing, which has been found to be wanting
in the ordinary constructed guns or rifles, thus rendering them sounder in their
construction and more safe in use; and, further, I claim in addition to the before
mentioned advantages the cheapening of the construction of guns or rifles, for by
this method they may be stocked for about half the ordinary price.
The annexed Sheet of Drawing shews a plan view, Fig. 1, and side elevation,
Fig. 2, of my Invention, A being the body, B the trigger plate, C the false breach,
D the solid head.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Walter Morton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 18th day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
WILLIAM WALTER MORTUN. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE PURITY OF THE BREATH."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1881. A
communication from abroad by Alphonse François Léopold Plagne, of the
Republic of France.
1
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TESTING THE PURITY
OF THE BREATH." A communication from abroad by Alphonse François Léopold
Plagne, of the Republic of France.
The subject of the present Invention is an apparatus for testing the purity of the
breath and rendering it odorous.
The apparatus consists of a porcelain vase preferably of spherical form, furnished
with two apertures diametrically and vertically opposed to each other; the upper
one is destined for the mouth for breathing into the vase, and for the nose to then
test the purity of the breath, and the lower opening is for the escape of the breath
blown into the vase.
One or more feet support the apparatus, and a lid furnished with a handle closes
the upper aperture.
In using the apparatus it suffices to breathe in the vase through the top opening,
and the air breathed into the vase will indicate the state of the breath, and if
found tainted more or less, the mouth should then be rinsed with pure water, into
which a few drops of scent have been previously dropped.
This rinsing of the mouth can be again tested by the apparatus and will prove
the breath to be pure and fragrant.
نے
The bottom of the vase may be lined with cloth or wadded, the lining being
secured to the vase by headed pins.
AN IMPROVED FLOATING APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONVEYING ELECTRICITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT AND THE TRANSMISSION OF POWER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Claude Johnson and Samuel
Edmund Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
June 1881.
WALTER CLAUDE JOHNSON and SAMUEL EDMUND PHILLIPS, both of Victoria
Works, Victoria Road, Charlton, in the County of Kent, Engineers and
Electricians. "AN IMPROVED FLOATING APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND
CONVEYING ELECTRICITY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE ELECTRIC LIGHT AND
THE TRANSMISSION OF POWER."
This Invention relates to a floating apparatus for generating and conveying
electricity and producing the electric light and other purposes, and consists of
a special arrangement and combination of steam boilers, engines, and electric-
machines on board a suitable barge or vessel to receive them for the purpose of
producing electricity and the electric light, or for the purpose of transmitting
power by electricity, the object being to provide a source of obtaining and
conveying an electric current or currents, which source as a whole is locomotive,
and so may be easily moved from place to place, so that ships and other floating
structures, constructions in progress in or near the water, and buildings and places
at or near the water's edge, may be provided with the electric light, or power for
working cranes, pumps, or for other purposes.
Drums are fitted for coiling the cables for leading the currents where desired,
and the whole apparatus can be readily towed to the required place, or it may be
made self-propelling.
A PORTAble Heating APPARATUS FOR THE Use of WORKING MEN AND TRAVELLERS IN GENERAL
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hutchinson, of 84, Elderfield Road, Clapton
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Commission Merchant, for an Invention
of "A PORTAble Heating APPARATUS FOR THE Use of WORKING MEN AND
TRAVELLERS IN GENERAL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hutchinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1881.
WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, 84, Elderfield Road, Clapton Park, London, E.
"A PORTABLE HEATING APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF WORKING MEN AND
TRAVELLERS IN GENERAL."
A tin can of oval shape, and perforated fire place at the bottom of same, with
door opening to admit of a flat spirit lamp; capped cup for drinking purposes
fitted on top, with steam valve; handle to be of stout wire or otherwise; the above
not to be infringed by being made in any other inetal, glass, wood, or earthenware ;
neither the cap to be altered to a screw cup except by the patentee.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Hutchinson in the Great Senl Patent Office on the
27th May 1882.
WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, of 84, Elderfield Road, Clapton Park, London, E., in the
County of Middlesex, Commission Merchant. "A PORTABLE HEATING APPARATUS
FOR THE USE OF THE WORKING CLASS AND TRAVELLERS IN GENERAL."
.
This Invention is an improved portable ten or coffee can of oval or other shape,
the object of which is to facilitate the warming of ten and coffee, or other previously
prepared beverages which workmen or travellers carry with them from home or
otherwise. At the lower part of this apparatus a removable spirit lamp A is
placed, surrounded by a stout wire gauze or perforated metal covering, through
which air for feeding the flame passes. The top of fire place B is curved, spiral,
or flat to receive flame, and door of same C to open at the half to admit of lamp A.
The said lamp is screwed down with a cap D chained to body of lamp to prevent
evaporation or moisture getting to contents. The lid E of the can serves as a
drinking cup fitted to the neck, or with a screw cup, and the said cup to have a
safety valve at the top F to prevent explosion. The handle G is of stout wiro,
with or without swivel to eye H for carrying same; also with or without a closing
bandle at the side on hinge.
The inside of lamp A to be packed with wool to absorb methylated or other
spirit; the wick, which is in the centre of lamp, can be taken out as desired; to
replenish spirit I make the said apparatus in any kind of metal, earthenware, or
glass, with or without leather and other substances for covering same. I, as
shown in front, is merely the patent label.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Hutchinson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty third day of May, in the year of our Lord
1005
WILLIAM HUTCHINSON. (LS)
AN APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO LITHOGRAPHIC STONES AND ZINC PLATES DURING THE PRINTING OPERATION
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Meinschock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1881.
JULIUS MEINSCHOCK, of 36, Hatcham Park Road, New Cross, in the County of
Surrey, Chromo-printer. "AN APPARATUS FOR DAMPING AND REGULATING THE
SUPPLY OF WATER TO LITHOGRAPHIC STONES AND ZINC PLATES DURING THE
PRINTING OPERATION."
The object of this Invention is an apparatus for damping and regulating the
supply of water to lithographic stones and zinc plates during the printing
operation.
For the purposes of my Invention I form a water trough, into which one end of
a felt, moleskin, or other absorbent sheet of fabric is arranged, the other end
projecting and hanging outside, and low enough to lie upon a felt covered roller,
which is arranged to be in contact with an ordinary damping board or pad
which has a to and fro motion in the machine in the well known manner.
The overhanging end of the felt or other like material passes between a saddle
bar, whose ends are pivotted to the outside of the trough, that it may be turned
over onto the top of the trough when the felt has to be lifted from the roller. The
friction of the roller lifts the flap of the felt sheet over it to the other side so that
it follows the direction of travel of the damper board or pad.
I provide a series of screws and an adjustable bar to regulate the nip of the felt
between the bar and a fixed rail, and so regulate the quantity of water supplied to
the overhanging portions of the felt.
The apparatus is fixed over the travelling table of the machine.
MENTS IN APPARATUS APPLIANCES FOR HOLDING BREAD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES ON PLATES, PLATTERS, OR SURFACES, FOR BEING CUT UP INTO SLICES OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Stephen Miller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1881.
OR
"IMPROVE-
GEORGE STEPHEN MILLER, of Red Hill, in the County of Surrey.
MENTS IN APPARATUS
APPLIANCES FOR HOLDING BREAD AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES ON PLATES, PLATTERS, OR SURFACES, FOR BEING CUT UP INTO SLICES
OR OTHERWISE."
The object of this Invention is to provide ready and efficient means for cutting
up bread, cheese and other substances into slices and other shaped portions without
rendering the operator liable to be cut.
According to my Invention and as applied to a bread platter, I mount on one
edge of same and secured at the base thereof to the platter by screws or otherwise
two or more standards or frames at a convenient distance apart; these standards
are made with a slot in same extending from end to end of the said standards or
uprights; each standard is made in two or more parts. The way of making the
standards may be considerably modified, but in all cases provision is made for the
insertion and travel therein of spindles, which are made in a piece with or connected
to a forklike appliance or frame provided with one, two, three, or more prongs,
between the latter (the prongs) and the handle or guide I place, a shield or shield
piece. This fork appliance is free to be raised or lowered between the standards,
and its position therein to be adjusted or regulated according to the size or shape
of the material to be cut up.
To cut up into slices a loaf of bread for example, and for which my Invention is
particularly useful with apparatus constructed according to my Invention, I place
the loaf on the platter and insert into same the prongs of the forklike appliance,
the loaf being pressed against the standards in which the fork bearings travel up
and down. Then with a knife I cut off slices of bread, as usually done when
cutting off slices for bread and butter, one hand using the knife, and the other
holding the handle of the fork, the hand of the operator being thus protected by
the shield or guard aforesaid.

page_text: When the knife is not in use, it may be inserted in clips on the standards made
to receive it.
The platter is or may be provided with a handle or handles on the side opposite
to the standards for steadying same when in use instead of holding the platter
itself, but of course this is not an essential to the apparatus. The standards may
be ornamented, as fancy or taste may dictate, and the bases to which they are
secured may be made of any convenient size and shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAVIGABLE SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hepburn and William Parker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1881.
GEORGE HEPBURN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
WILLIAM PARKER, Richmond Villa, Ravensbourne Park, Catford Bridge, Kent,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN NAVIGABLE SHIPS AND VESSELS."
The main object of our Invention is to so construct iron and steel plated ships
or vessels, that the vertical butt joints are stronger and less liable to open or give
way than heretofore.
Hitherto vertical butt joints in iron and steel plated ships or vessels have been
made with straps or plates secured inside the ship or vessel, and connected usually
by rivetting to the outside plates or the plates forming the skin of the ship or
vessel. Longitudinal butt joints have been made with straps or plates both on
the inside and outside of the ship or vessel, but this has not so far been adopted
for vertical joints on account of the resistance that would be offered by the edges
of the exterior straps or plates to the progess of the ship or vessel through the
water.
Now our Invention consists essentially in constructing ships or vessels in such
manner that inside and outside straps or plates are used in vertical butt joints
without appreciably adding to the resistance of the hull of the ship or vessel in
motion and the water.
In carrying our Invention into practice, the vertical butt joints are made with
internal straps or plates of the usual construction, and with external straps or
plates so made or shaped that a longitudinal section of the ship or vessel would
have externally an undulating or waving outline. The internal and external
straps or plates are rivetted through the plates forming the skin of the ship or
vessel in any usual or desired manner.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ALIMENTARY MATERIAL FOR PRODUCING BEVERAGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Weekes Kincaid at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1881.
GEORGE WEEKES KINCAID, of No. 36, Whitehead's Grove, Chelsea, in the County
of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ALIMENTARY MATERIAL FOR
PRODUCING BEVERAGES,"
My Invention relates to the manufacture of an alimentary material, which either
by itself or in admixture with tea, coffee, or other herbs can be used for producing
by infusion wholesome, nutritious, and pleasant beverages.
For this purpose I take malt prepared from barley, wheat, or other cerials, crush
or grind it, and then soak it in about an equal weight of syrup. The syrup may
be made from sugar, molasses, honey, or other saccharine substances, and should be
of such strength as to contain from about 40 to 80 per cent. of sugar. When the
malt is thoroughly soaked I dry it in the first instance by a gentle heat, and I then
roast it and grind it in a manner similar to that in which coffee is treated. The
material thus produced can be subjected to infusion either alone or in admixture
with other materials for the production of beverages.