IMPROVEMENTS HAVING REFERENCE TO BOOKBINDING AND THE FOLDING AND
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Knowles Snow, of Watertown, of the State
of Massachusetts, of the United States of America, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS HAVING REFERENCE TO BOOKBINDING AND THE FOLDING AND
4
Sealed the 22nd May 1860, and dated the 23rd March 1860.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION left by the said George Knowles Snow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 23rd March 1860, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that I, GEORGE KNOWLES SNOW, of Watertown, of the State of
Massachusetts, of the United States of America, have made a new and useful
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS HAVING REFERENCE TO BOOKBINDING AND THE
FOLDING AND PASTING OF SHEETS OF PAPER THEREFOR," the nature of which
Invention, and the manner in which it is to be performed, being duly set
forth and described in the following Specification and the accompanying
Drawings.
The nature of one part of my Invention consists in folding a sheet of paper
with back folds and into two connected signatures, having their connection
along and between the front edges to be trimmed, and so that the connection

page_text: may be trimmed or separated with such front edges while they are being
trimmed by the usual process. By the term "signature" I mean that collec-
tion of leaves of a book through which the needle is passed, in order to sew
the same to the backband used in binding the book.
Of Sheet A of the Drawings, Figures 1 and 2 represent opposite sides of a
sheet of paper after having been folded on my improved plan, and subse-
quently been unfolded, the lines of fold being shown in red color; Figure 3 is
a top edge view of the sheet as folded, the folds being opened apart in order
to exhibit their angular arrangement; Figure 4 is a front edge view of the
same; Figure 5 is a rear edge view; Figure 6, a transverse section; Figure 7
exhibits an edge view of the first folding of the sheet.
In Figures 1 and 2 are exhibited in colored rectangles the printed pages or
part of each page imprinted, each page being numbered in the order in which
it will be when the sheet is folded.
In carrying out that part of my Invention having reference to folding the
sheet represented in the above Figures 1 and 2; one half of the sheet is first
to be turned over and folded down upon the other half. Next, each half of
the sheet is to be folded back upon itself, so that what may be termed the
"first folding" of the sheet shall appear in edge view, as shown in Figure 7.
Next, the sheet so folded is to be again folded in the same manner with the
"second folding," whose lines of fold shall be at right angles, or thereabouts,
with the lines of the first folding, the same giving the folded sheet the appear-
ance shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5. In this way the sheet will be divided into
two signatures A, B, the inner balf of each of which will be connected to that
of the other, as shown at C, the connection being along and between the front
edges a, a, a, a, and b, b, b, b, to be trimmed, and such connection being so
arranged between them when the pages are registered together that the
connection may be cut away from the inner halves of the signatures during
the process of trimming the front edges.
Another mode of carrying out such part of my Invention as relates to the
new mode of folding paper would be to make the first folding of the sheet, as
shown in edge view in Figures 8 and 10 of Sheet A; the second folding of it
being the same as that herein-before mentioned, or in other words, with two
back folds, as shown in Figure 9, Sheet A, which is a top edge view of the
sheet folded with the lines of the second folding at right angles with those of
the first folding. The common practice of folding sheets for bookwork, or for
binding them together, is to make each folding of the sheet with but a single
lapping of it, the sheet being folded first in one direction and next folded at
right angles, every fold being at a right angle with that next following,

page_text: whereas with my improved mode of folding either one or two more backfold-
ings are given to the sheet before the right angle folds are made; these latter
being made so as to form two signatures, and connect them between the front
edges to be trimmed, as set forth. Thus by backfolding the sheet one or more
times in the first folding of it as well as by backfolding it twice in the second
folding, or that which is at right angles to the first; I effect my method of
folding, among the advantages of which over the common mode of folding, is
that the connection of the two signatures is made to serve as a sure guide to
the bookbinder, in order to prevent him from accidentally sewing through any
less number than all the page portions of each signature; and furthermore the
Invention presents an advantage in gathering a pack of signatures for a book,
as it saves one-half the labor usually expended in such where they are folded
by the old process. Besides by my Invention the inner folds of the back of
each signature are not so liable to be crinkled or cockled; other advantages
will be apparent to printers and bookbinders.
The next part of my Invention consists of a machine for folding and pasting
paper in manner as described, such machine being exhibited by Sheet B of the
Drawings, of which Figure 1 denotes a top view; Figure 2, a front elevation;
Figures 3 and 4, side elevations; Figure 5, a rear elevation; Figure 6, a
longitudinal and vertical section; and Figure 7, a longitudinal and transverse.
section; and Figure 8, a horizontal section of such machine; Figure 9 is a
vertical section taken through the sheet abutment and the packing trough, to
be herein-after described.
In Figure 10 of Sheet B; b, b, exhibits the two parts of a sheet folded upon
one another with the line of fold at a, while in Figure 11 of such Sheet B,
the sheet is exhibited as back folded, or as having two other folds having their
bends or lines of fold at c, c.
By my machinery I not only so fold a sheet, but further fold it in the same
manner at right angles with the lines of bend or folds first made. The first
folding of the sheet, as shown in Figure 11, Sheet B, causes it to present eight
pages or four on a side, while when it is again folded in the manner described
it will present either sixteen, twenty-four, or thirty-two pages, according as it
is folded either one, twice, or three times. This double folding of the sheet
is new, and when carried out, as described, and especially so as to cause the
sheet to present twenty-four or thirty-two pages it affords important advan-
tages in binding the sheets. I have also combined with a folding apparatus
or mechanism an apparatus or mechanism for applying paste or cement on
such part or parts of the sheet of paper as may be required, in order to cause
the sheet or parts of the sheet to adhere at any two or more of its folds or

page_text: lines of fold, the same being for the purpose of either saving the usual process
of sewing or stitching together the folded parts of the sheet, or of connecting
the folds prior to their being either sewed or stitched. And I have combined
with such folding and pasting mechanism, a means of heating the pasted
sheets for the purpose of drying the paste applied to them, and of causing the
parts of each sheet to adhere together at or near some of the lines of fold.
Figures 12 and 13 of Sheet B, exhibit the appearance of opposite sides of a
thirty-two paged sheet with the lines of its folds. The colored rectangular
spaces are the imprinted pages, while the lines of folds are exhibited in red
and the lines of paste in blue. The number of each page is indicated therein
by figures. My machine, by removal of some one or more of the side plates
of the folding mechanism thereof, can be employed to fold a sheet with the
double parallel foldings so as to present either eight, sixteen, or twenty-four
pages, and, in fact, it may be arranged so as to effect other numbers of
pages.
In the Drawings of Sheet B, A denotes the frame of the machine, it being
provided with a table or platform B upon which a sheet to be folded is to be
placed. This platform is constructed with a long slot or opening d extending
through it transversely. Projecting downwards from opposite sides of the said
slit are two sets of plates C, D, C, D¹; each of the said plates is supported
by a cross bar e, and so that another or long thin plate E, carried by a frame F,
may pass vertically upward and downward between each pair of plates C, D,
or C, D. Furthermore there is another pair of plates G, H, which, when
at their highest elevation, extend above the platform B, and are arranged
with respect to it and the other plates as shown in the Drawings. The two
plates G, H, are arranged a short distance from one another and on opposite
sides of a bar or arm I, to which they are fastened, such bar being made to
project horizontally from a frame K that plays vertically between two long
posts or guides L, L', arranged within and supported by the frame A and
made to project above the table B, as shown in the Drawings. The frame F
carries the plate E, and also projects from a sliding frame M that plays vertically
between the two posts or guides L, L', the same being arranged as shown in
the Drawings. Again, there is placed beneath the platform B, and so as to
stand at right angles to the two sets of plates C, C, D, D¹, two other plates
N, O, they being placed at a short distance asunder, and fastened at or near
their outer edges to a slider or vertical plate P, extending at top and bottom
into horizontal and parallel guide grooves f, f. In connection with the two
plates N, O, and arranged on the opposite sides of the stationary plates C, C³,
D, D¹, there is another vertical plate R, arranged so as to slide backward and

page_text: forward horizontally and pass into the space between the two plates N, O,
these latter plates also being capable of sliding between the two sets C, C',
D, D', of stationary plates. In rear of the set of plates C', D', and at a short
distance therefrom there is a box or spout S, it being arranged as shown in the
Drawings. One of the upright sides of the spout may be so applied to the
bottom of such spout as to be adjustable with reference to or be capable of
being moved either toward or away from the other side of the spout in order to
adapt the spout to the width of the folded sheet that may be received into it..
Against the outer side of the said box or spout a box T is arranged; this box
is intended to receive either steam or hot air to be conveyed into it by a suitable
conduit leading either from a steam generator or air-heating apparatus, the
object being to apply heat to one side of the spout for the purpose of heating
it and thereby heating such part of the pack of paper that may be within the
spout, and against its heated side. The said heating apparatus I employ when
folded sheets have been pasted prior to or while being folded. In connection
with the folding apparatus and the spout S, I use in the machine a vertical
abutment or plate U, arranged as shown in the Drawings, and fastened to a
sliding carriage or plate V, sustained between parallel guides g, g. Further-
more between the said abutment and the receiving spout S I employ a
mechanism or frame for receiving each sheet of paper from the abutment and
conveying or pressing it back upon the pack. This mechanism consists of a
frame W so applied to the inner end of the sheet spout S as to be capable of
being moved both toward and away from the abutment U, so as to cause the
abutment to enter the said frame.
Figure 14 shows a front view of the said frame W, and exhibits the opening
or mouth k for the reception of the abutment. This opening is constructed
rectangular and a little less in depth than that of the folded sheet of paper, the
same being in order that while the sheet is being forced through the said
opening both the upper and under edges of the sheet may be bent a little or
the sheet be crowded through the opening, so that after having passed through
it the said edges of the paper by springing backward by their elastic power,
and back of the bars h, i, of the frame may cause the frame to so hold the
paper as to ensure its being carried toward the pack during and by the next
retreat of the frame away from the abutment.
Figure 15 is a top view, and Figure 16 an inner side view of the frame W
as applied to the sheet receiver or spout S. From the said frame W an arm or
bar extends as shown in the said two last Figures, and carries a stud or
projection that enters an inclined groove X carried by and formed in the
frame F, the same being, as shown in Figure 9. As this groove is moved

page_text: with and by the said frame F it will impart to the frame W its proper
movements. To the carriage V and the frame A a hand lever Z is applied so
as to enable a person by taking hold of and moving the lever to move the said
carriage longitudinally and cause the abutment U to be drawn backward.
The object of so moving the abutment U is to enable an imperfectly folded
sheet of paper or an imperfect sheet, as the case may be, discharged from the
machine without being introduced into the trough S; this will be caused by
the action of the sliding frame W, which, without the co-operation of the
abutment will not receive a sheet in manner as berein-before described, but
while in movement will press the sheet over an opening 1, through which it will
drop and fall out of the machine; therefore to cause the expulsion of a sheet
from the machine the attendant has only to move the band lever so as to retract
the abutment.
Having thus described the principal parts of my machine by which the
folding of a sheet of paper and its introduction into a packing trough are
effected, I shall proceed to explain the mechanism for imparting motion to
such parts.
In the Drawings m denotes a driving or cam shaft, upon which are placed
three grooved cams n, o, p. The two cams p, o, respectively receive in their
grooves projections from two levers q, r, which play at their rear ends on a
common fulcrum or pin s, arranged at the rear part of the frame A. The
front end of one of the levers (r) is jointed to the sliding frame F, and by
means of a slott formed in the lever, and made to receive an adjustable pin w,
applied to the frame so as to be capable of being raised or lowered therein,
and fixed in any desirable position, such pin being shown in Figure 20. The
inner end of the other lever is jointed to the lower end of an arm v, extended
downward from the sliding frame K. Figures 17, 18, and 19, exhibit side
views of the cams n, o, p. The cam n receives within its grooves a projection
or pin w, extending from an arm æ, that extends upward from a rocker shaft y,
arranged as shown in the Drawings. From the said rocker shaft a long arm z
projects upward, and is formed with a slot a¹, as in its upper part as shown in
Figure 3, such slot being made to receive a stud b, extending from the
plate R. This stud should be applied to the plate by means of devices which
will enable the stud to be adjusted horizontally in a direction either toward or
away from the front vertical edge of the plate. In Figure 8 these devices are
exhibited, they consist of a screw and nut applied to the plate, or a slot
therein c', as shown in such Figure.
From the above it will be perceived that while the
will cause motion to be imparted to the said plate R.
cam n, is in rotation it
The connection plate R

page_text: of the two plates N, O, has a stud d', projecting into a slot u', formed in the
upper part of a lever v³, arranged as shown in the Drawings. The fulcrum w¹
of the said lever is at the lower part of the lever, and just above the said
fulcrum a retractive spring a', is affixed to the lever and the frame A, and
serves to pull the frame backward. Furthermore a latch y¹ is jointed to the
side of the arm z, and takes upon a pin 2¹, extending from the lever v. Under
the said pin ', a bent tripping arm a projects from the lever v¹, in order to
throw the catch of the latch off the pin, at the proper time. On the top
surface of the platform B, a set of adjustable stops b², c², d², are arranged as
consisting of a strip or plate of
That portion of the plate which
shown in Figure 1, each of the said stops
metal bent upward at or near its inner end.
rests upon the platform is pressed underneath a holding strip of metal e³,
which is fastened at its two ends to the platform. Furthermore the platform
is provided with adjustable points f², f, to extend above its surface and
receive the paper like the points of a common printing press. Along in rear
of the said points is a lifter bar g², which turns on fulcra h³, h², arranged as
shown in Figures 3 and 4, and is made to extend from an adjustable slider 2²,
applied to the platform so as to be movable either toward or away from the
points. A slider 2, arranged underneath the platform carries a projection or
cam , applied to it so as to be adjustable longitudinally of the machine. A
cam m², carried by the sliding frame M, is brought into contact with the
inner end of the slider, during the elevation of the said frame M, and moves
the slider backward so as to cause the lifter bar g², to be forced upward
against the sheet of paper in a manner to throw it off the points and keep it
off the same until it is drawn entirely away from them, which having taken
place, a spring n², forces the slider ³, forward, so as to drop the lifter bar
down to a horizontal position. Between the upper pair of plates G, H, and
just beneath the bar or arm I to which they are attached, there is a bar o³,
that extends horizontally between the plates, and is made adjustable vertically
by means of a screw p². A similar bar q, is applied between the two plates
N, O, and stands vertically, and has an adjusting screw ², by which it
may be
moved toward and away from the connection plate P. The object of each of
the adjustable bars o², 92, is to serve as a stop, and to gauge the distance for
the plate E, or the plate R, to work between its fellow plates G, H, or N, O.
The apparatus for applying the paste to a line or part of the sheet at or
near which the sheet is to be folded, may be thus described.
A long roller s, revolves in a stationary trough t, and has a pinion gear u²,
fixed upon its shaft 23. This pinion engages with a rack w³, carried by the
sliding frame K, the vertical movements of such frame serving to produce the

page_text: rotation of the fountain rollor. Against the said fountain roller s, a small
pasting wheel 2 bears, such wheel being carried by an arm a³, extending
upward from a rocker shaft 63, which is arranged as shown in the Drawings.
From the said rocker shaft an arm c³ extends inward, such arm during the
elevation of the sliding frame M, being struck by a projection or cam f³, and
elevated in such manner as to cause the pasting wheel to be moved down-
ward upon the sheet of paper, and maintained there while such paper is being
drawn into the space between the plates G and H. Afterward a spring g
serves to turn the shaft v³, and elevate the pasting wheel up to the fountain
roller s².
In order to keep from contact with the plates G, H, the paste may be laid
on a sheet of paper by the pasting wheel, I apply to each of such plates a
slotted plate or bearer h², and so that the paste on each side of the slot is that
may project from the plate a sufficient distance to keep the line of paste on
the paper from adhering to the plate G or H. The slotted bearer may be
applied to its plate or plates so as to be adjustable thereon. An equivalent
for such bearer would be a vertical slot in each plate G or H, but as
this could not be made adjustable so conveniently as the separate slotted
.bearer, I prefer the latter. The slot in the folding plate would, however,
have the advantage of enabling the line or belt of paste to come more or less
in contact with a portion of that part of the sheet which would be between the
plates G, H.
Figure 20 is a vertical section taken through the arm c³, the same being
mude to show the two carriages or sliding frames M and K, and their acces-
sories Figures 21 and 22 are separate elevations of such frames.
There is a movable plate ps within the packing box or spout S, such plate
being arranged vertically therein, and applied to springs 93, 23, which extend
from it, and bear against the sides of the spout S. The pack of folded paper
rests against the said plate p³, and crowds it back as fast as the said pack
may increase in size, the object of the plate being to give support to the pack.
The above constitutes the description of the various parts of my said machine,
whose mode of operation may be thus explained.
Preparatory to applying a sheet of paper upon the platform B, the machine
is to be put in movement so as to elevate the folding plates G, H, to their
highest position above the platform; this having been done, a sheet of paper
is to be passed underneath the lower edges of the said folding plates, and be
properly adjusted on the platform by means of the points. We will suppose
the middle of the sheet to be directly underneath the space between these two
plates. Under this state of things, the plates G, H, are next made to descend

page_text: a short distance until their lower edges may touch or nearly touch the sheet.
In the meantime the 'plate E will be carried upward to the sheet, and after:
ward will be elevated further so as to press the sheet up between the two
plates G, H, and double it once. Half of the sheet will then be between the
plates, while the remainder of the sheet will rest on the platform. Next the
plates G, H, and E descend together so as to draw the sheet entirely through
and below the opening d. This, process will cause the sheet to be doubled
back with two further folds or lines of fold, which will be parallel to the first
fold or line of fold. Next, the plate E not only descends further and entirely
out of the sheet, but the plates G, H, will be elevated again to their highest
position, all of which will cause the sheet to remain between the two pairs of
plates C, D, C, D', provided their inner surfaces hold to the sheet with sufficient
friction, for which purpose they should be covered wholly or partially with:
cloth or some elastic material, or be otherwise properly prepared to retain the
sheet between them during the movements of the plates G, H, and E away.
from it. Next, the plate R will be driven forward against the middle of the
sheet so as to force the sheet between the two plates N, O, and draw it partly:
from between the plates C, D, C', D. Next, the three plates R, N, O, will
be moved together in the opposite direction so as to draw the sheet entirely.
out of the spaces between the plates C, D, C, D'. This, in connection with
the inner edges of the plates C, D, C, D', will form the two outside folds of
the sheet, the last three folds so made having been formed at right angles .with.
the three first formed. Next, the plates N, O, R, recede or are carried back
to their normal positions, and leave the folded sheet of paper resting directly
against the abutment U. Next, the frame W is advanced toward the paper'
and the abutment, and passes by the abutment so as to cause the paper to be
sprung into the mouth or opening of the said frame W, as herein-before
described. Next, the frame W recedes, and forces the paper against the
yielding plate p, or the pack of paper that may be against such plate.
I would remark, that during the backward movement of the plate R, the
latch y will draw on the pin 2¹ so as to move the lever v³, and as a matter of
course move the plates N, O. This will continue until the arm a² may raise
the latch off the pin, which taking place, the spring a¹ will draw back the said
plates N, O.
While the plates G, H, are in the act of descending upon the middle of the
sheet of paper placed on the platform B, the pasting wheel will be caused to
leave the paste trough roller, pass downward, and rest at its circumference
upon the sheet so that while the sheet is being forced up between the plates
G, II, it will be so drawn under the roller as to have a line or stripe of paste
:
'

page_text: applied to it by such roller. Subsequently the pasting wheel will return to
the fountain roller for a fresh supply of paste.
A pasting apparatus of the above description, or its equivalent should be
applied to the platform B, so as to operate either over or through it whenever
it may be desirable to apply the paste to the sheet. Should it be required to
apply the paste to the under side of the sheet while resting on the platform,
there should be a slot formed through the platform to enable the paste wheel
to work through it and against the sheet. In general, for folding a sheet .into
thirty-two pages, as shown in Figures 12 and 13, the paste will be applied
thereto, as indicated by the blue lines; this will cause the outside edge of one
fold to adhere to the inside edge of that next to it. The lines or stripes of
paste, however, may be so applied near the said edges as to cause the folds to
adhere aside of such edges. Tbus the sheet will not only be folded, but will
be pasted so as to adhere together in or at some of its folds, or wherever it
may be desirable to have it connected.
With my said machine printed sheets may be folded, and their folds so
connected as to need no stitching to keep the leaves together after the folded
sheet may have been trimmed. My machine is calculated to produce the
double folding in parallel lines of fold so as to fold a sheet but twice in a
manner to cause it to have six pages which may afterward, by means of the
plates N, O, R, be folded at right angles either with two or three parallel
folds. It will be obvious to mechanicians that such machine can also perform
various other foldings of a sheet of paper.
Instead of using points f, f, and a lifter bar gå in the manner as herein-
before described, what I term "floating points" may be employed. Each of
these points may be a pin playing loosely and vertically in a guide arranged
over the table, the whole being so that when the sheet of paper is placed
under the points, and moved under them far enough to bring each of its
register holes under one of the points, such point will drop or be caused to pass
downward into the hole.
The openings or slots for the folding plates to pass through may have their
edges lined or connected with one or more strips of vulcanized caoutchouc, or
other suitable elastic material which will spring away a little under the pressure
of the sheet of paper against it, and by its friction on the paper, serve to
aid in or improve the process of folding it.
Figure 23 exhibits a side view of one of the "floating points," a being the
point, and its guide. Figure 24 is a sketch, exhibiting the application of
the elastic strips to the folding plates, each strip being shown at co, c.
One part of my Invention, therefore, and what I claim as an improvement

page_text: in the art of bookbinding, or in preparing sheets of paper or other material
for being bound, consists in folding each sheet with back folds and into two
connected signatures, having their connection along or adjacent to and between
the front edges to be trimmed, and so that the said connection may be
trimmed or separated with such front edges from the rest of the paper while
they are being trimmed, my process involving the back folding of the sheet
one or more times in making its first folding, and the back folding of it twice
or other suitable greater number of times in making its second folding, or that
which is at right angles to the first folding.
I do not herein claim a combination consisting of mechanism for folding a
sheet of paper once and mechanism for folding it again at a right angle with
the line of the first fold;, but I claim, as of my Invention, a machine or combi
nation consisting not only of mechanism for producing a single folding of a
sheet of paper, but mechanism which shall operate to produce either one or
two further and parallel folds or turns of such paper in an opposite direction
substantially as specified, such mechanism as shown in Sheet B of the Draw;
ings, being the plates G, H, C, D, and E, arranged and made to operate
together, essentially in manner and by means as herein-before set forth.
And I also claim a combination consisting not only of mechanism for folding
a sheet of paper once and mechanism for producing one or more further
parallel folds or turns of the sheet in an opposite direction, but mechanism
which shall operate to produce either one, two, or three folds of the sheet at a
right or other angle with the line or lines of previous foldings of it, such com-
bination of mechanism as exhibited in Sheet B of the Drawings, being the
plates G, H, C, D, C, D, E, N, O, and R, operated in manner and by means
substantially as herein-before described.
I also claim a combination or machine, consisting not only of mechanism
for folding a sheet of paper one or more times as described, but mechanism
for applying paste or cement on such part or parts of the sheet as may be
required in order to cause the sheet to stick together at any two or more of its
folds or lines of fold, the mechanism shown in Sheet B of the Drawings for
applying paste being the paste roller s², paste fountain t², and the whole y³
arranged and operated relatively to the platform B and the folding plates, sub-
stantially as explained.
And in combination with the receiving trough or spout S and the sheet
abutment U, I claim the mechanism or frame W for receiving the sheet from
the abutment, and conveying it toward, and pressing it upon either the pack
or pack-holder that may be within the trough S.
And in connection with the receiving and conveying apparatus or frame W

page_text: applied to the trough S, and its abutment U, as described, I claim the appli-
cation to the abutment of a carriage V, and a hand lever z, or any equivalent
mechanism by which such abutment may be moved in a direction away from
the sheet receiver, so as to enable the latter to expel from the machine an
imperfect sheet or an imperfectly folded sheet, essentially as specified.
I also claim the arrangement and combination, in the manner described, of
the adjustable stop bar o with the two folding plates G, H, and the plate E
to run between them.
I also claim, in combination with a paper-folding machine constructed so as
to fold paper, or fold and apply paste to it substantially, as described, a heating
apparatus so applied as to heat a pack of folded paper while in the machine,
the same being to facilitate the desiccation of the pack or paste applied thereto
for the purpose set forth.
I also claim, in a paper-folding machine, the combination of the lifter
bar g with the register points f applied to the platform upon which the sheet
to be folded is to be placed.
I also claim the combination of the slotted plate or bearer h³ or its equi-
valent with a folding plate, and a pasting apparatus of the paper-folding
machine, the same being to prevent the pasted part of the sheet of paper from
adhering to the outer surface of the folding plate.
I also claim the application of the "floating points" to the sheet table and
folding apparatus, as described.
I also claim the application of an elastic material to the edges of the
openings between the folding plates, essentially as and for the purpose
specified.
I also claim a combination, composed not only of mechanism for folding
sheets of paper, but mechanism for receiving and piling or packing such sheets
in a regular pile or pack.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 2nd day
of March, 1860.