INVENTION OF PREPARING THE OXYGENATED MURIATES OF CALCAREOUS EARTHS, STRONTITES, BARYTES, AND MAGNESIA, IN A DRY, UNDISSOLVED, OR POWDERY FORM, WITHOUT SUSPENSION OR SOLUTION IN WATER OR OTHER WATERY FLUID, OR IN THE" STATE OF PASTE, AND FOR APPLYING SUCH OXYGENATED MURIATES OF THE ABOVE EARTHS TO THE PURPOSES OF BLEACHING OR REMOVING COLOURS FROM VEGETABLE OR ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, BY DISSOLVING ORSUSPENDING THESE OXYGENATED MURIATES, OR SUCH PARTS OF THEM AS ARE SOLUBLE OR MAY BE SUSPENDED IN WATER OR OTHER WATERY FLUID, AND APPLYING THE LIQUOR SO PROCURED TO THE SUBSTANCES TO BE WHITENED, AND FOR USING THESE DRY OR POWDERY OXYGENATED MURIATES
Year: 1799

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. CHARLES.
TENNANT, of Darnley, near Glasgow, in North Britain, Bleacher, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of April, in the thirty-ninth year of His
reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Charles Tennant, my executors,.
administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves,
or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I,
the said Charles Tennant, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times. thereafter
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of His Kingdom of Great Britain'
called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my "INVENTION OF PREPARING THE OXYGENATED MURIATES OF CALCAREOUS EARTHS,
STRONTITES, BARYTES, AND MAGNESIA, IN A DRY, UNDISSOLVED, OR POWDERY FORM,
WITHOUT SUSPENSION OR SOLUTION IN WATER OR OTHER WATERY FLUID, OR IN THE"
STATE OF PASTE, AND FOR APPLYING SUCH OXYGENATED MURIATES OF THE ABOVE
EARTHS TO THE PURPOSES OF BLEACHING OR REMOVING COLOURS FROM VEGETABLE
OR ANIMAL SUBSTANCES, BY DISSOLVING OR SUSPENDING THESE OXYGENATED MURIATES,
OR SUCH PARTS OF THEM AS ARE SOLUBLE OR MAY BE SUSPENDED IN WATER OR
OTHER WATERY FLUID, AND APPLYING THE LIQUOR SO PROCURED TO THE SUBSTANCES
TO BE WHITENED, AND FOR USING THESE DRY OR POWDERY OXYGENATED MURIATES

page_text: OR PASTES OF THE ABOVE EARTHS IN OTHER WAYS, FOR THE PURPOSES OF REMOVING
COLOURS FROM THE SUBSTANCES ABOVE MENTIONED," in such manner as to me, the
said Charles Tennant, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of
them, should in their discretions seem meet, and that I, the said Charles
Tennant, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might
have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time
to time coming, growing, and arising, by reason of the said Invention, during the
term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said
licence, powers, privileges, and advantages therein-before granted or men-
tioned to be granted unto me, the said Charles Tennant, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of
fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately
ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, according to the Statute in such
case made and provided; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said Charles Tennant, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and scal, 'to cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next.
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the
same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said.
Charles Tennant, do hereby declare that my said Invention for Preparing the
Oxygenated Muriates of Calcareous Earths, Strontites, Barytes, and Magnesia,
in a Dry, Undissolved or Powdery Form, without Suspension or Solution in]
Water or other Watery Fluid, or in a state of Paste, and for applying such
Oxygenated Muriates of the above Earths to the Purposes of Bleaching, or
Removing Colours from Vegetable or Animal Substances, is as follows:-
I take a quantity of any of the above-mentioned earths, or of any mixture
of them with one another, or any mixture of them with other substances,
not preventing the object of my process, and I expose them, in the form
of solid pieces of any shape or of powder or of paste made with a little
water or other liquid not preventing the object of my process, to the
action of the oxygenated muriatic acid gas, or a mixture of that
gas with
any other substance not preventing the object of my process, and by bringing.
them into contact with the gas in vessels or buildings of any .shape,
and materials fitted for containing them, and fitted for bringing sufficiently
large surfaces of them into contact with the gas, and by this means I produce
a substance in form of powder, pieces, or paste, which is soluble or partly.
soluble in water, and which, when dissolved or suspended in water, or other

page_text: liquid not preventing the object of my process, I apply to goods of cotton or
linen or other vegetable and animal substances, for the purposes of whitening
or bleaching them. Or, to describe my process more scientifically, I have dis-
covered that the oxygenated muriatic acid is capable of forming a compound
with calcareous earth, and with the earths, barytes, strontites, and magnesia,
in the dry way, that is, without these earths being either suspended or dissolved
in water, and that this is effected merely by bringing the oxygenated muriatic
acid gas into contact with these earths, in form of lumps; pieces, powder, or
paste, or into contact. with mixtures of them; with such other bodies in the
above forms as do not impede or hinder their attraction for the acid; and I
have found that the oxygenated muriates of lime thus formed; 'as well as the
oxygenated muriates of the other earths before mentioned and thus formed,
when mixed with water, possess the power of removing colour from linens,
cottons, and various other vegetable and animal substances, and can be and
have been by me applied to the purposes of bleaching. The bleaching
liquor, whether prepared with this oxymuriate of lime and other earths,
(mentioned in the Specification), or made by saturating these earths with
the oxygenated muriatic acid when in a state of mechanical suspension in
water, as set forth in the former Patent obtained for that purpose, constitutes
an improvement of the greatest importance in the art of bleaching. Till the
discovery of these processes, ashes were used to serve the purpose I now
obtain by lime or these other earths, and its expence to the bleacher was
great indeed. The bleaching liquor, however, when made with ashes, enabled
the cotton manufacturers to bring their goods from the bleaching ground to
the market in one third of the time they formerly used to do, and enabled
them to carry on their business at all seasons of the year, without accumu-.
lating a large winter stock (or else being idle during that season), as used
formerly to be the case, so that a much more extensive business was now
carried on with the same stock in trade, and the Manchester and Glasgow
manufacturers have flourished, at least in some considerable degree, from this
cause, in a proportion never before thought of. Liuen goods, requiring the
liquor in a much more concentrated state, had hitherto derived little or no
benefit from the use of the bleaching liquor. By the introduction, however,
of lime and the other earths, instead of ashes, the liquor is now made so cheap,
that linens are also bleached by it, not only with the advantage of saving time
and carrying on the process at all seasons, so as to enable the dealer to turn
his stock twice or perhaps three times for once he formerly did, but the pro-
cess itself for bleaching these goods is much cheaper than the common mode
of exposure to the sun and air, in so far as it both saves a great proportion of

page_text: the labour, and a great number of the very expensive boils and bowks with
ashes necessary for the whitening of linens by the former process. The con-
sequence has been, that the bleaching liquor made with these earths, particu-
larly with lime, is now successfully introduced both in this Kingdom and in
Ireland, and seems to promise fair to produce a great national saving of some
hundred thousand pounds sterling, now paid to foreigners for ashes. By pre-
paring the oxygenated muriatic of these earths in the dry way, as stated in the
above Specification, the further. advantage of supplying bleachers who do not
prepare the liquor themselves, with little expence of carriage, is obtained; and
this is a matter of no small importance, since the bleachers are very sensible
that the unskilfulness and carelessness of their servants often, if not generally,
produce to them much less advantage than they ought to derive from the
quantity. of materials they expend in the process, a circumstance which occurs
much less frequently when the preparation of this substance becomes the only
or chief object of attention to the preparer of it.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tennant, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Ninth day of May, in the thirty-ninth year of
the reign of His present Majesty King George the Third, and in the
year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine.
CHARLES TENNANT. (L.s.)
ROBERT AUSTIN (one of the Magistrates of the City of Glasgow, witness
to Charles Tennant's signature.