Year: 1886

page_text: We SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER of Manningham Mills, Bradford in the County of
York, Manufacturer, and FRIEDRICH HERMANN WILKE of Athole Road Bradford in
the County of York do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is mainly to construct power looms for weaving fine
goods from delicate and tender materials.
The loom we construct in such manner that motion is given to its various parts from
one main shaft so doing away with all toothed wheel gearing. Our improvements
also relate to,
1. An improved driving pulley.
2. An improved warp beam.
3. An improved letting off motion.
4. An improved take up motion.
5. An improved construction of frames for holding the healds so that they may
occupy as little space as possible.
6. Improved heald machine for working any number of healds.
7. An improved box motion for changes of shuttles worked from the heald
mechanism.
.
1. The improved driving pulley consists of a loose pulley turned by a strap and
working on the end of the main shaft of the loom, on the inner side of its rim are cast
small projections.
Inside this loose pulley is placed a driving wheel fixed upon the shaft-its outer rim
lying just within the inner rim of the loose pulley, this wheel has in addition to
ordinary spokes a set of moveable spokes or bars sliding in holes in its rim, and so
placed in the boss of the wheel-as to be acted upon by wedges fixed upon a clutch
which work into the boss.
To put the loom in motion, the clutch is moved outwards upon the shaft by means
of a lever connected with the knocking off handle, the wedges are brought under the
ends of the moveable spokes, which are thus forced out so as to project beyond the
rim of the driving wheel, these projecting ends are instantaneously caught by the

page_text: projections on the inside rim of the constantly revolving loose pulley-which becomes
fixed to the driving wheel, and carries it round with it.
When the loom is to be stopped-the clutch is withdrawn, the moveable spokes-
acted upon by springs fall inwards the projection on the outer rim of the wheel being
no longer there the driving wheel is released-and the motion ceases instantaneously.
2. The warp beam is of metal and has a screw thread cut on each end for a flange
to screw on to In this way the flanges can be set as far apart or as close together as
may be desired. They will also always remain at right angles to the beam and in
consequence of the screw thread they cannot possibly shift end wise even with the
strongest pressure. When the flanges are set at the required distance apart. they are
locked by a key or set screw to prevent them from turning.
The flanges have also a series of concentric slots cut through them at regular
intervals and at varying distances from the beam, the slots in one flange corresponding
with the slots in the other flange. The slots are to allow of strips of paper being
inserted between the layers of warp as they are wound on to the beam, so that any
thread that is lost or broken can be quickly found again.
3. The letting off apparatus is composed of a cylindrical drum covered with cloth,
flannel or other suitable material around which the warp is led. Inside the drum and
parallel with its axis are a series of divisions projecting inwards obliquely from its
inner circumference. A quantity of sand, small shot or such like material is also
placed within the interior of the drum. The drawing forward of the warp causes the
drum to turn and as it turns the sand, shot or such like material is picked up by the
divisions and is carried upwards by them nearly to the top of the drum, the material
then falls from the scoops formed by the divisions and is again caught up and raised
by other scoops and so on continuously. In this way a uniform impediment is offered
to the rotation of the drum and the warp is kept at the tension required. The tension
can be increased or reduced by putting more or less weighting material into the drum
through a small door at the end.
4. The take up apparatus consists of a roughened beam having fixed upon it at its
end or ends a wheel covered with india rubber, or other suitable material. Alongside
of each wheel and turning upon the axis of the beam is a crank lever one arm of which
is approximately horizontal and is drawn downwards by a weight towards a cam on
the main shaft by which it is from time to time raised. The other arm stands upwards
and is shorter at its end it acts upon a friction shoe which rests upon the periphery
of the wheel. At the back of the shoe are inclines one at each of its ends and these
are acted on by fingers or projections standing out from the upper end of the shorter
lever arm.
When the longer arm of the lever is drawn downwards by the weight one finger or
projection from the shorter arm acts upon the incline at one end of the shoe and
presses it against the circumference of the wheel thereby making it to hold on to the
circumference of the wheel and turning the wheel with it.
When the longer arm of the lever is raised by the cam the other projection from
the shorter arm acts upon the incline at the opposite end of the shoe and tends to
lift the shoe away from the wheel so that the shoe then slips back freely over its
circumference.
If two wheels and two levers are used they would be operated alternately-if only
one wheel and lever is used then a second shoe must be provided to be pressed
against the wheel to hold it fast at the times when the lever is being raised by the cam.
5. The healds are carried by rectangular frames of metal-the horizontal top and
bottom of each frame is formed of thin metal bent into a hollow trough shape.
The healds are stretched on flat metal staves. These staves lie within the interior of
the top and bottom bars, of the frame, and the healds are so protected from rubbing
one against another. The frames are made to lie close one against another and
consequently occupy but little space. This is of great advantage as it reduces the
movement which has to be given to the warp to form the shed and allows of broken
warp threads being more readily got at.
The healds are kept stretched in the frame by racks in the interior of the hollow

page_text: vertical sides of the frame or by cords drawn over pegs on the heald bars and frame
or in other convenient manner.
6. The improved heald machine consists of two frames one over the other and
working upon one centre-which is exactly under the apex of the warp shed so that
the frames work in exactly the same plane as the warp shed. These frames are caused
to move up and down from their centre by means of tappets fixed on the driving
shaft of the loom.
Inside the frames and working in the same plane, are levers, one to act upon each
heald, to which it is connected by a wire draw rod. These levers are held by one
end (which is rounded) in the interior of a hollow iron bar, this bar which forms the
centre in which the levers turn, has an opening on one side sufficiently large to allow
the levers the necessary play.
Lengthwise in each lever are placed two long wire needles on spiral springs-these
long needles can be made to project out of the loose ends of the levers so as to lock
themselves into holes drilled in the bars of the two frames thus connecting the levers
with one or other of the frames, along with which they will rise or fall as required.
The long needles are made to project when required by means of two shorter
needles working through the side of the hollow iron bar, which holds the rounded
end of the levers. A segment is taken out of the rounded and of the lever leaving
a space in which one end of the long needle can work backwards and forwards.
The two shorter needles are pushed forward into this space and into contact with
the ends of the long needles by means of cards working on a cylinder brought-
against the side of the hollow iron bar-in which the shorterneedles are put.
7. The change shuttle boxes receive movement from cams at the foot of the lathe.
-the cams can be turned in either direction with a step by step movement by pawls'
carried by a rocking lever acting with a pull or push on notched wheels on the cam¸.
axes, the action of the pawls is controlled by pins acted on by the Jacquard cards.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: occupy as little space as possible.
G. Improved heald machine for working any number of healds.
7. An improved box motion for changes of shuttles worked from the heald
mechanism.
1. The improved driving pulley consists of a loose pulley turned by a strap and
working on the end of the main shaft of the loom, on the inner side of its rim are
cast small projections.
Inside this loose pulley is placed a driving wheel fixed upon the shaft-its outer
rim lying just within the inner rim of the loose pulley, this wheel has in addition to
ordinary spokes a set of moveable spokes. or.bars sliding in holes in its rim, and so
placed in the boss of the wheel-as to be acted upon by wedges fixed upon a clutch
which work into the boss.
To put the loom in motion the clutch is moved outwards upon the shaft by means
of a lever connected with the knocking off handle, the wedges are brought under the
ends of the moveable spokes; which are thus forced out so as to project beyond
the rim of the driving wheel, these projecting ends are instantaneously caught by
the projections on the inside rim of the constantly revolving loose pulley-which
becomes fixed to the driving wheel and carries it round with it.
When the loom is to be stopped the clutch is withdrawn, the moveable spokes-
acted upon by springs fall inwards-the projection on the outer rim of the wheel-
being no longer there-the driving wheel is released-and the motion ceases
instantaneously..
2. The warp beam is of metal and has a screw thread cut on each end for a flange
to screw on to. In this way the flanges can be set as far apart or as close together as
may be desired. They will also always remain at right angles to the bean and in

page_text: consequence of the screw thread they cannot possibly shift endwise even with the
strongest pressure. When the flanges are set at the required distance apart they are
locked by a key or set screw to prevent them from turning.
The flanges have also a series of concentric slots cut through them at regular
intervals and at varying distances from the beam, the slots in one flange corresponding
with the slots in the other flange. The slots are to allow of strips of paper being
inserted between the layers of warp as they are wound on to the beam, so that any
thread that is lost or broken can be quickly found again.
3. The letting off apparatus is composed of a cylindrical drum covered with cloth,
flannel or other suitable material around which the warp is led. Inside the drum and
parallel with its axis are a series of divisions projecting inwards obliquely from its
inner circumference. A quantity of sand small shot or such like material is also
placed within the interior of the drum. The drawing forward of the warp causes
the drum to turn and as it turns the sand, shot or such like material is picked up by
the divisions and is carried upwards by them nearly to the top of the drum-the
material then falls from the scoops formed by the divisions and is again caught up and
raised by other scoops and so on continuously. In this way a uniform impediment is
offered to the rotation of the drum and the warp is kept at the tension required. The
tension can be increased or reduced by putting more or less weighting material into
the drum through a small door at the end.
4. The take up apparatus consists of a roughened beam having fixed upon it at its
end or ends a wheel covered with india rubber, or other suitable material-Alongside
of each wheel and turning upon the axis of the beam is a crank lever one arm of which
is approximately horizontal and is drawn downwards by a weight towards a cam on
the main shaft by which it is from time to time raised. The other arm stands
upwards and is shorter-at its end it acts upon a friction shoe which rests upon the
periphery of the wheel. At the back of the shoe are inclines one at each of its ends
and these are acted on by fingers or projections standing out from the upper end of
the shorter lever arm.
When the longer arm of the lever is drawn downwards by the weight one finger or
projection from the shorter arm acts upon the incline at one end of the shoe and
presses it against the circumference of the wheel thereby making it to hold on to
the circumference of the wheel and turning the wheel with it.
When the longer arm of the lever is raised by the cam the other projection from
the shorter arm acts upon the incline at the opposite end of the shoe and tends.
to lift the shoe away from the wheel so that the shoe then slips back freely over its
circumference.
If two wheels and two levers are used they would be operated alternately if only
one wheel and lever is used then a second shoe must be provided to be pressed.
against the wheel to hold it fast at the times when the lever is being raised by
the cam.
5. The healds are carried by rectangular frames formed of four bars of thin sheet
metal bent into a hollow trough shape.
The healds are stretched on flat metal staves. These staves lie within the interior
of the top and bottom bars of the frame, and the healds are so protected from,
rubbing one against another. The frames are made to lie close one against another,
and consequently occupy but little space. This is of great advantage as it reduces
the movement which has to be given to the warp to form the shed and allows of
broken warp threads being more readily got at.
The healds are kept stretched in the frame by racks in the interior of the hollow
vertical sides of the frame or by cords drawn over pegs on the heald bars and frame.
or in other convenient manner.
6. The improved heald machine consists of two frames one over the other and
working upon one centre which is exactly under the apex of the warp shed, so that
the frames work in exactly the same plane as the warp shed. These frames are caused
to move up and down from their centre by means of tappets fixed on the driving shaft
of the loom.

page_text: Inside the frames, and working in the same plane are levers, one to act upon cach
heald shaft to which it is connected by a wire draw rod. These levers are held by
one end (which is rounded) in the interior of a hollow iron bar, this bar which forms
the centre in which the levers turn, has an opening on one side sufficiently large to
allow the levers the necessary play.
Lengthwise in each lever are placed two long wire needles on spiral springs-these
long needles can be made to project out of the loose ends of the levers so as to lock
themselves into holes drilled in the bars of the two frames-thus connecting the levers
with one or other of the frames, along with which they will rise or fall as required
or a single needle might be used to lock into the frame which moves upwards.
The long needles are made to project when required by means of two shorter
needles working through the side of the hollow iron bar, which holds the rounded
end of the levers. A segment is taken out of the rounded end of the lever leaving a
space in which one end of the long needle can work backwards and forwards. The
shorter needle or two shorter needles are pushed forward into this space-and into
contact with the ends of the long needles by means of cards working on a cylinder
brought against the side of the hollow iron bar-in which the shorter needles are put.
7. The change shuttle boxes receive movement from cams at the foot of the lathie-
the cams can be turned in either direction with a step by step movement by pawls
carried by rocking levers acting with a pull or push on notched wheels on the cam
axes, the action of the pawls is controlled by pins acted on by the Jacquard cards.
Figure 1 of the drawings hereunto annexed shows a front view and Figure 2 a side
view of a loom with the above improvements combined in it.
C
°
Figures 3 to 16 show separate views of the various improvements.
Figure 3 represents the outer strap pulley which revolves freely on the shaft a-
it has six teeth b projecting inwards from its inner circumference. Figure 4 represents
the driving wheel which works inside the outer strap pulley. The driving wheel is
fixed on the shaft by a key and has in addition to its ordinary spokes three movable
spokes or bolts c the outer ends of which can be made to protrude through apertures din
the wheel's rim. ee are wedges fixed to a sliding clutch piece f. When the clutch piece
is moved towards the wheel the wedges moving along grooves formed in the boss of
the driving wheel act upon the inner ends of the movable spokes or bolts and thrust
them outwards so that their outer ends project from the rim their projecting ends are
then caught by some or other of the teeth of the outer strap pulley and the driving
wheel and shaft to which it is fixed are at once made to revolve.
When the clutch piece is moved away from the wheel the wedges e are withdrawn
from below the ends of the movable spokes or bolts c and these are then immediately
drawn inwards by three bent springs which have one end attached to the rim of the
wheel and the other to the inner ends of the bolts.
The clutch piece is as shown at Figure 3 moved along the shaft by a lever
connected with the knocking off handle.
The change shuttle mechanisin which for convenience we will next describe is shown
separately at Figure 6 and 7.
Figure 6 is a side view of the mechanism and Figure 7 a front view of part
of same.
The lathe swords are connected by rods to other swords m which are oscillated
to and fro by cams p fixed on the main or driving shaft which cams revolve between
and act upon the runners or rollers n, n. At the foot of the lathe is a shaft having
on it at each end a car outside the frame of the loom. The shuttle boxes are
upheld by a lifting rod t at the lower end of which is a rollers that rests upon the top
of the cain.
A step by step revolving motion in either direction can be given to the shaft g by
two ratchet wheels & fixed upon it-the teeth of one wheel being in one direction and
the other in the opposite direction. The pattern card u carried by the card cylinder
controls whether the one ratchet wheel or the other shall be acted upon by its driving
pawl and so controls whether the cam shaft shall be turned in one direction or the
other. This is effected in the following manner.
7

page_text: Near each end of the hollow iron bar we of the heald mechanism is a needle . which
can be pushed back by the pattern cards u as in ordinary jacquard mechanism. One
of these when pushed back acis upon the upper end of a two armed lever y shewn in
Figure 6-this lever is jointed at the middle to one arm of a large bell crank lever .
When the upper end of the lever y is acted upon by the needle its lower end acts
against the short arm of a bell crank lever a and causes a hook or pawl formed in
the end of the longer arm of this lever to catch one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel
with which it works and to turn this wheel whenever the upper arm of the bell crank
lever is raised.
The other needle a when pushed back by one or other of the pattern cards similarly
acts on a lever y carried by a bell crank lever c¹ and causes the pawl carried at the
lower end of this lever to engage with the other ratchet wheel and drive the cam shaft y
in the opposite direction.
In this way the shuttle. boxes are readily raised or lowered by the action of the
cards.
We will now proceed to describe more fully the heald mechanism. Figure 8 is a
plan view and Figure 9 a side elevation of this mechanism. d¹ d' are its two frames
one within the other and both turning on one centre which is vertically below the apex
of the warp shed.
The two frames are by rods coupled the one to levers the other to levers ¹.
These levers turn on fixed centres at n¹ and at an intermediate-point of their length
are acted on by cams fixed on the main shaft.
By the action of these cams the frames are alternately brought together so that the
bar of one meets the bar d' of the other and are then separated one going up whilst
the other goes down-o are the levers for acting on the healds one end of each lever is
rounded as shewn and is received into the interior of the hollow iron bar f" which so
forms a fulcrum in which the levers turn-The opening along the side of the bar
through which the levers pass is as shewn at Figure 9 made wide enough to allow the
levers the necessary play. 2 is a long needle running through the entire length of each
lever and acted upon by a spiral spring which presses it backwards-when thrust
forward its end projects from the end of the lever and is caught by the uppermost
bar d when it moves upwards and the lever is then carried up with this bar but if the
needle is not thrust forward then the lever remains resting on the lower frame d¹ and
goes down with it. o³ are the short needles working through the side of the hollow iron
bar one opposite to the end of each long needle o² so that the rear end of each long
needle rests against the front end of one of the short needles.
X' is an endless band of cards carried by a cylinder X-the cylinder is from time to
time brought against the ends of the short needles o³ which project from the back of
the bar. The cylinder X is moved to and fro by links at its ends which couple it to
levers these levers turn on a fulcrum t at their lower end and at their upper end
are acted on by the cam m¹. The card cylinder as it is moved to and fro by the cam
is rotated step by step in the ordinary manner by the hook .
We will now describe more fully the way in which the healds are carried.
Figure 10 is a cross section and Figure 11 a front view of one of the metal frames
used for carrying them-Figure 12 is a front view of the healds and the flat metal
staves on which they are stretched.
Each frame is made up of four bars of thin sheet metal bent into a U form. The
junctions of the bars are as shewn so made that the vertical ends of the frames are of
uniform width and perfectly smooth from top to bottom to allow of the frames sliding
freely one against the other when they are placed close together side by side as herein
before described without intervening guides between them.
The flat metal staves or bars 2 lie in the interior of the hollow trough shaped bars y¹
which form the top and bottom of the metal frames-a² a² are wire pins with which the
small toothed racks can be made to engage. These racks are pin jointed to the
ends of the staves e². When the healds have been placed on the staves the staves are
drawn away from one another to stretch the healds and then the racks are made to
engage
with the pins a² and so the healds are retained in their stretched condition.

page_text: +
Each metal frame is as shewn at Figures 10 and 11 supported by a bar d² from
which a rod descends to one or other of the heald-shaft levers hereinbefore
described.
Our improvements in the take up apparatus are shown at Figures 13 and 14–
Figure 13 is a side elevation and Figure 14 a front view.
On each end of the axis e² of the roughened take up beam is a wheel covered with
india rubber or other suitable material. Alongside of this wheel and free to turn on
the axis e is a crank lever g² one arm of which is drawn downwards by a weight k² on
a cam m² on the main or driving shaft a and the other carries fingers h², - is a
friction shoc resting on the periphery of the wheel.
When the weighted arm of the lever g² is left free to be drawn downwards by the
weight the finger h² comes against an incline at the front end of the shoe and pressing
the shoe firmly against the periphery of the wheel turns the wheel until the weight
on the arm is insufficient to overcome the resistance offered by the take up beam.
When the weighted arm is raised by the cam m³ the finger ³ comes below an incline
at the rear end of the shoe and lifting that end carries the shoe backwards around the
circumference of the wheel.
The levers at the two opposite ends of the axis of the beam are as before stated
acted on alternately by the cams m² so that one of them is always in action tending to.
turn the beam.
Our improvements in the letting off apparatus are shewn at Figures 15 and 16.
Figure 15 is a side elevation and Figure 16 a front view of the apparatus.
02 is the tension drum around which the warps are led-g² are the divisions in its
interior by which the sand or other material with which the drum is partially filled is.
alternately raised and allowed to drop.
The warps pass from the warp beam n² around the circumference of the drum and
then over the oscillating lever p² as shewn in Figures 15 and 2. The warp beam n² is
also shewn in Figures 15 and 16 to be made in our improved way. The end flanges
screw on to the beam and are locked by a key or set screw.
Each flange has also, as shewn, a number of slots formed through it the slots in the
two flanges being opposite to one another to allow of strips of paper being inserted
between the layers of warp as before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
1. A power loom constructed as herein described in such manner that motion is
given to its various parts from one main shaft without the intervention of toothed
gearing.
2. The improved driving pulley substantially as described.
3. The improved warp beam substantially as described.
4. The improved letting off motion substantially as described.
5. The improved differential take up mechanism acting without the use of toothed
gearing or toothed ratchet wheels substantially as described.
6. The construction of the metallic heald frames in such manner that they may be
made to lie close together one against the other without intervening guides so that they
may occupy as little space as possible.
7. The improved heald machine substantially as described.
8. The improved box motion for several shuttles worked directly from the heald
machine substantially as described.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.