IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC-MOTORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC-MOTORS" and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to electric motors and comprises improvements in the
rotary electric motors described in the specification of United States Patent,
No 278,760.
In carrying the said invention into practice, I provide electro-magnets and
armatures of peculiar construction, the said magnets being stationary and arranged
in a circular form, and the armatures being arranged in a circular form and
revolving in front of the magnets; I also provide a device for reversing the motion
of armatures as will hereinafter appear.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a plan view of an improved motor showing the magnets and
armatures located in their respective positions.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of a magnet and armature detached.
Figure 3 is an end view, and
Figure 4 is a top view of an improved magnet.
Figure 5 is a front view of an armature.
Figure 6 is a side view of the device for reversing the motion of the armature-
wheel.
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Figure 7 is a sectional view of a tramway-car, showing a storage battery from
which electricity may be obtained to drive the improved motor, when applied to a
tramway-vehicle.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of a car-starter attached to the car to overcome
dead points.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures.
A indicates the cross-bar of a suitable frame, which supports the various parts
constituting the improved motor, and C a central shaft having its upper bearing in
the boss located in cross-bar A and its lower bearing in a suitable foot-block.
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To the central shaft C is firmly attached the wheel a, a, which carries a number
of armatures D, D, D, D, equidistant from each other, as shown.
Within the wheel a and secured by suitable studs or brackets d; d, d, d, is
arranged in a circle, a series of horse-shoe magnets E, E, E, E, having coils I, I, I, I,
of ordinary insulated wire, and also provided with angular polar extensions i, i, i, i,
all of which are held in proper positions relatively to the travelling armatures.
These angular polar extensions i, i, i, i, are tapering on the top and bottom sides
and on the sides facing the armatures:
·
The taper on the facing, side of each polar extension,corresponds to the are of a
circle excentric to the path of the armature wheel so that the toe of each polar
extension is farther from the path of the armatures than the heel, as shown in
Figure 4. The upper and lower sides of these angular polar extensions taper as
shown at t, t, t, t, in Figures 2 and 3, so as to offer the same incline to the
approaching armatures that the facing or foot surface does. This form of the polar
extensions makes the greatest attraction towards the heels. The angular polar
extensions of all the magnets extend in the same direction; as shown in Figure 1.
The armatures D are E-shaped, that is to say, they are each composed of the
vertical part h, the arms, extending horizontally from the vertical part hat
each end thereof, and the central extension k, between the two arms j, j,. The
magnets E, E, E, E, and armatures D, D, D, D are so arranged with reference to
each other that, as an armature D passes by a magnet E, the arms j, j, pass above
and below the angular polar extensions i, i, i, i, respectively, while the central
extension passes between the two poles.
With this construction of the magnet and armature, in addition to the usual
end attraction, I secure three attractive surfaces on each pole, each of which
surfaces-extends the entire length of the angular polar extension.
1
The various magnets are arranged to work in sets, one half of the number of
magnets used being in one set, and the other half being in the other set, and each
set is again divided so that one half of each set, if possible, will be opposite the
other half. of the set, that is, if there are six magnets used, they will be divided
into two sets of three each, and each set of three will be divided, two being on one
side, of the wheel, and one opposite to them. If any other number of magnets is
used so that a half of that number is an even number, then each set will have an
equal number of magnets which will be arranged opposite to each other in the
same set.
In Figure 6 is shown the device for reversing the motion of the armature-wheel.
The commutator H is loosely attached to the central shaft C by the insulating
bushing L, and is provided upon its periphery with alternating projections and
depressions. A lever M is attached to the commutator by the insulating
buN indicates a segmental bracket attached to the central shaft, C and revolving
with it. In the edge of the bracket are two slots's and o in which fits a projection
from the lever M. This projection extends downwardly from the lever M
immediately over the segmental bracket N to fit into the slots o and s in the
segmental bracket, as shown in Figure 6.
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The lever M, when in the notch o, places the commutator H in such relation to
the switch P that the armatures approach the toes of the magnets. When the
lever M is placed in the notch 8, the commutator. is arranged so that the armatures
approach the heels and the motion of the armature-wheel is reversed, which is
desirable under many circumstances.
11 2
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The operation of the improved motor is as follows, that is to say-one set of
magnets being in the circuit, the said magnets attract the armatures facing towards
the toes of the polar extensions and along their facing sides until they approach
the heels where, by means of the switch P and commutator H; the circuit is
changed to the other set. This set in turn attracts the armatures facing its magnets,
in the same manner as the first set, and thus the revolution of the armature is
completed,
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page_text: This arrangement of the magnets, by dividing them into sets, as previously
shown, gives a balancing power on each side of the central shaft C, and, as the
magnets attract the armatures facing them, there is a tendency to equalize lateral
pressure on the said central shaft C. When the number of magnets in each set is
equal, the equalization of the lateral strain is nearly or quite complete.
The armature-wheel a is supported from the central. shaft C by radiating
arms 2, 2.
The car-starter, Figure 4, is attached under the body of the car, the point P¹
engages with the ratchet B. By depressing the lever N', the point P engages
with the ratchet B' and starts the car.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and the manner of performing the same I declare that what I claim is
First. A horse-shoe magnet having angular polar-extensions i and, in addition
to the ordinary end surface, three attractive tapering surfaces on each pole,"
substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
·Second. In an electric motor, the combination of the E-shaped armature, and the
horse-shoe magnet provided with angular polar extensions, the said extensions
being provided with three attractive surfaces, in addition to the end surface,
substantially as shown.
Third. In an electric motor, the combination and arrangement of the E-shaped
armature and the horse-shoe magnet provided with angular polar extensions and
three attractive surfaces in addition to the end surface, so that the upper and lower
arms of the E-shaped armature will pass above and below the angular polar
extensions, and the central extension of the armature will pass between them,
substantially as shown and described.
Fourth. In an electric motor having magnets with angular polar extensions,
each polar extension having three attractive surfaces, the combination of the
nagnets arranged in two sets, one set opposite the other, whereby the attractive
force is exerted at, or near, opposite points on the armature-wheel, thus in a
measure tending to relieve the central shaft of lateral strain, as, and for the
purpose, set forth.