Materials, also Applicable for Use as a Radiator for Heating Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: Materials, also Applicable for Use as a Radiator for Heating
Purposes.
I, JULES BERTRAND, of Tourcoing, France, Boiler Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED FIXED OR ROTATING TUBULAR
DRUM FOR DRYING FILAMENTS OR OTHER MATTERS and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to a fixed or rotating tubular drum, heated by steam or
hot water, with or without mechanical or other ventilation, intended for the
purpose of drying yarns or other similar animal or vegetable matters, ribbons or
fabrics having gone through any such process as those of washing, bleaching,
dyeing, sizing &c. and which may also be used for warming rooms in public
buildings, private houses or factories.
As applied to the drying of filaments, this apparatus is intended to produce a
large volume of caloric in order to cause, by radiation or hot air current, the rapid
evaporation of the liquids which may be contained in such matters.
There is also the great advantage of being able at will to avoid the continued
and injurious contact of the said matters with the metallic surfaces subjected to the
direct influence of the steam as is the case in most apparatuses of the kind known
as drying drums. In order to make my invention more clearly understood, I shall
now refer to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 sheet I represents an end view of a tubular drum mounted in its frame;
fig. 2 sheet II is a longitudinal section of the same drum in elevation; figs. 3, 4,
and 5, sheet II, have reference to details which I shall explain hereafter; fig. 6,
sheet I shows an arrangement which may be used as a heating stove; fig. 7,
sheet III, is a side elevation of a series of several drums intended for the drying of
filaments, ribbons and fabrics; fig. 8, sheet IV, is an end section of fig. 7; fig. 9,
sheet V, is a side elevation of an arrangement showing two toothed crowns turning
concentrically; fig. 10 sheet VI shows a cross section of fig. 9.
The apparatus consists of two hollow circular crowns A connected by metallic
tubes B forming tie-pieces, and suitably placed on a circumference concentric
to such crowns. These tubes, the shape, number, and distance apart of which
may vary, are made of copper, brass, iron, or otherwise, and may have corrugated
[Perine la 171

page_text: surfaces in order to increase their heating surface. These tubes may present
various sections, which are shown by letters B, B1, B2, B3; their connection with
the crowns A may be effected by means of rods I, bolts J, or other suitable means
providing perfect security and preventing any escape of steam. The crowns A are
connected by their arms C with the hollow pivots D furnished with stuffing box
lids; one pivot receives the steam inlet F and the other receives the waste tube G
of the waters of condensation. The form, arrangement, and number of these arms
may be varied at will, provided they allow the free access of steam into the drum,
and that the cleansing of the condensed waters is effected as fast as the latter are
produced.
.C
In the arrangement shown in figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing, the
three arms of the crown in direct communication with the steam pipe F are hollow,
whilst those connecting the other crown with the waste pipe G consist of a hollow
arm by which the condensed waters are carried away, the other two arms are solid.
An isolating cylindrical jacket H made of perforated sheet iron, wire gauze, or
otherwise, on which the material to be dried wraps itself, surrounds the tubes B
and prevents direct contact of the said tubes with the material to be dried. Small
ventilators or agitators E are suitably arranged in the interior of the drums and
can turn freely in supports fixed on the crowns A. These crowns may have a cog
wheel K cast solid or applied, by means of which a rotary movement may be given
to the drum through the medium of the pinion L and pulley M driven by any
suitable transmitter.
.
Working of the apparatus. One drum or a series of several drums mounted in
the same frame may be used as may be desired, and such drums may be placed in
rotation and parallel with each other, or they may be superposed or placed in the
form of a quincunx. The material which is to be dried, introduced at one end of
the apparatus, wraps itself round each one of the drums composing the apparatus,
successively, and leaves by the other end, covering a certain portion of the circum-
ference of the jackets of such drums. The drums are driven by a more or less
rapid rotary movement resulting either from the drawing force applied by special
machines upon the material to be dried, or from the auxiliary transmission by
gearing or straps. The steam enters each drum by the tube F and passing through
tubes B heats them highly according to the pressure of steam employed. The
radiating caloric arising from these tubes warms the air surrounding them in the
interior of the drum; this air passes through the holes of the perforated jacket H
as also the material to be dried, which covers such holes, thus causing the rapid
evaporation of the liquid which it may contain, this evaporation may be still more
accelerated by the use of ventilators E which being worked in any suitable manner,
accelerate, as they rotate, the current of hot air passing through the jacket H and
the material surrounding it. By means of this apparatus, the evaporation may be
effected partly by contact with the metallic surfaces heated directly by the steam,
and partly by the hot air. All that need be done will be to do away with the
jacket H and wrap the material to be dried upon the tubes B, which should in that
case be oval shaped as shown in figs. 4 and 5; all other details of proceeding being
(with this exception), similar. In case the material to be dried is required not to
touch the metallic parts, I propose to arrange, around the apparatus (figs. 9 and 10,
sheet VI) and turning concentrically, two toothed crowns K, fitted with rollers L
and worked by pinions P. These crowns are furnished, around the outside, with
strips of wood suitably placed to obtain the desired effect. The ventilators E may
also be done away with and a current of air directed into the interior of the drums
and suitably distributed by a branched tubing fitted on the compression tube of a
single ventilator appropriated for that purpose. The tubes B may be arranged in
several concentric circles in order to increase still more the heating of the air
contained in the interior of the drums should that be necessary.
Finally, one or more drums so constructed and arranged either horizontally or
vertically, fixed in an ordinary drying room may do good service owing to their
-large heating surface in a very small volume.

page_text: When arranged as in figure 6 this apparatus may be used as a heating stove, and
as such may be used to warm public buildings, private houses, works &c with
great advantage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The use of the tubular form of drum, whether fixed or rotating.
2. The option as aforesaid of avoiding all contact of the metallic parts heated
directly by the steam, and the material to be dried; as also of placing the said
materials partly in contact with such metallic parts and with a current of hot air.
3. The application of this apparatus as fixed to the heating appliances of drying
rooms, public buildings, private houses and works.