IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING TOOTHED WHEELS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Simpson, of Ardwick, near the City of
Manchester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MOULDING TOOTHED WHEELS."
Sealed the 15th January 1869, and dated the 29th July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Simpson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th July 1868.
I, JOSEPH SIMPSON, of Ardwick, near the City of Manchester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING TOOTHED WHEELS," to be as
follows:-
The machinery consists of a low circular stand with a circular V slide
at its upper end. Upon this slide a ring turntable is fitted. This turn-
table is provided with a second V slide upon which a second ring
turntable is fitted, and so arranged that either one or both turntable
rings may be turned round upon their V slides respectively. Upon the
upper side of the inner turntable a long horizontal slide is fitted, and

page_text: upon the end of this a vertical slide is fitted, at the bottom end of which
a pattern of a portion of the toothed wheel to be moulded is attached.
Upon each of the turntable rings above named a number of rings are
marked or grooved into their surfaces, which said grooves are divided
and marked into such numbers as it is desired the wheel to be moulded
shall have teeth, or they may be divided into less numbers provided they
are multiples or divisors of the number of teeth required, and upon the
other turntable ring a space consisting of the same number of degrees of
a circle as those last used may be subdivided into an equal number of
parts. This may be used as a differential divisor to the other turntable,
and by its use the number of divisions in the wheel can be increased or
reduced. It will also be seen that the application of the differential
divisor enables the operator to apply a few circles divided into simple
equal spaces to a very extended range of numbers, and to produce from a
circle divided into an equal number of parts a wheel having an odd
number of teeth, and vice versa, a simple index pointer being attached
to a suitable part of the machine and made adjustable with a screw to
any suitable position will serve as a sufficient guide for moving the
turntables to the requisite marks or divisions. The horizontal slide
above referred to may be turned forward and backward by a screw or
other suitable means, and the slide itself may be subdivided by marks in
its length representing feet and inches and parts of inches, so that by
affixing a pattern of known dimensions to the proper place upon the
vertical slide and by adjusting the horizontal slide to the mark indicating
one of the feet or parts of a foot to correspond with the proper radius of
the wheel required the machine will be at once set right for making a
wheel of the required diameter. The turntables are each moved round
by a handle actuating a pinion working into a corresponding circle of
oogs fastened within the machine; the tables may be moved round
separately or together. The vertical slide may be raised and lowered
for the purpose of drawing the pattern out of the sand by any suitable
mechanism, such as a bell-cranked lever connected to the vertical slide
by a link, the proper drop being adjusted by a slot in the vertical slide,
into which a stud is fastened; the drop being regulated by the lever
coming against an adjustable stop, and when the pattern has been raised
the lever may be retained by a suitable catch. Various other means are
applicable to this purpose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Simpson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
SIMPSON, of Ardwick, near the City of Manchester, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Simpson, Her special license
that I, the said Joseph Simpson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Simpson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully. might, make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MOULDING TOOTHED WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph Simpson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Simpson, do hereby declare.
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):
The nature of my Invention consists in constructing machines for
moulding toothed wheels from a short segment pattern, so, that the
machine shall be self-contained and complete in itself, having no
attachment to floor, foundation, wall, or building; also in an improved
arrangement of the dividing apparatus for moulding wheels with an even
and uneven number of teeth, and in an arrangement of graduated slides
for determining the diameter of the wheel to be moulded...

page_text: And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
parried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon,
Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved wheel-moulding machine;
Figure 2 is a plan; and Figure 3 a front view of the same.
A is a circular basement perforated at the sides to facilitate in lifting
the machine from place to place, and for reducing the weight; B is a
cast-iron ring or turntable fitted upon a circular V projection formed
upon the basement so that the ring B can be turned round upon its
seat steadily and accurately; C is a second ring or turntable similar to
B, but smaller in diameter, also resting upon a circular V projection
formed upon the inner diameter of the ring B; D is a double circular
rack having teeth or cogs formed upon its outside as well as inside
diameters. This double rack is attached by screws to the ring B, and
works under the projecting ledge formed under the V inside the base-
ment A; the object of this working under is for the purpose of securely
holding the ring B from moving off its seat accidentally or from being
overbalanced by the parts above it. E is a pinion working into the
internal rack D, and the spindle of this pinion works in a socket in the
inner ring C; this pinion is for the purpose of moving the ring C round.
This ring has also pieces of metal (not shewn in the Drawing) attached
to the under side, and which project under the ring B. They are for
the purpose of steadying the ring C upon its seat, also to admit of its
free motion round independently of the movement of the outer ring B.
Fis another pinion gearing into the external rack D; this pinion is
actuated by means of a worm wheel G and worm on the shaft H, and is
for the purpose of moving the outer ring B round upon the basement A.
The inner ring C, and all that is upon and attached to it, is carried
round with the outer ring B. I is a cross slide working in suitable
guides placed over the centre of the machine, and which guides are
attached firmly to the inner ring C; the slide I is actuated by the screw
and hand wheel J. K is a vertical slide carried by the end of the cross
slide I, and moved up and down by the bell-crank lever L, or any
other suitable means. M is the segment pattern of the wheel to be
It will be seen
moulded; it may be either a bevel or spur wheel,
upon the Drawing that the pitch line of the teeth is figured a definite
distance, say, for instance, four inches, from the face of the pattern holder,

page_text: which distance is in proportion to the size of the machine; this 4 inches
or other definite distance forms a part in determining the diameter of
the wheel about to he moulded.
The method of using the machine is as follows:-After the pattern M
has been fastened by screws or any suitable means to the holder
attached to the slide K the operator makes a level surface of sand upon
the floor of the foundry, and by means of a crane or any suitable lifting
tackle he deposits the machine in the centre of the said level space.
He next lowers the pattern M to the required level by means of the
slide K, and affixes to it a suitable mechanical stop so that the slide K
and pattern M may be raised up and lowered down to this stop at
pleasure.
Having determined the depth and the diameter of the wheel to be
moulded, which latter is already indicated in feet and inches upon
the slide I, the four inches in the pattern (already described) forming
part of the radius, the operation of moulding is performed in the
following manner-It will be obvious that the diameter of the wheel
is definitely fixed by the dimensions upon the slide I without any
experimental trials, whereby a considerable saving in time and complete
accuracy are secured. The operator now proceeds to fill up the pattern
with moulding sand, as in ordinary pattern moulding, to the extent only
of the number of teeth in the pattern; this being done the pattern may
be withdrawn from the sand by the action of the lever I, or other
mechanism for raising the slide K.
It is here necessary to describe the apparatus for moving the
segmental pattern circumferentially. The upper surface of the ring B is
truly turned and marked out into a series of circles upon its face,
These circles are in turn divided into any number of spaces suitable for
the number of teeth in the wheel to be moulded (or it may be divided
into any multiple of that number), but each circle is accurately divided
and cut into the face of the metal, and numbered at a given starting
line common to all the circles with figures shewing at once which is
the proper circle to be selected, and by means of a fine index pointer
attached with a screw or screws and adjustable to any circle it will be
obvious that the ring C, and all that is mounted thereon, may be moved
round by the handle on the spindle of the pinion E at accurate intervals
all through the entire circle.
To continue the description of the process of moulding the whool.

page_text: The operator having withdrawn the pattern as before described, he
now turns: the ring C and all that rests upon it one division, as shewn
by the index pointer by means of the pinion wheel E. Having done
this he lowers the pattern by the slide K down to the stop, and again
rams up with sand the teeth contained in the pattern, and he proceeds
in this manner all round the circle; which being done, and the pattern
being withdrawn for the last time, the machine must now be lifted out
of the mould, and the arms and boss forming the centre of the wheel
are filled in with cores to. complete the mould. It will be obvious. that
a circle having one hundred divisions may be used for twenty, twenty-
five, fifty, or one hundred up to one thousand teeth at pleasure, by
arranging a suitable number of teeth on the pattern, or by moving
round one, two, or more divisions at once.
For odd numbers of teeth, such as are not contained in the circles
upon, the ring B, a further arrangement is made by using the stationary
circles formed upon the upper edge of the basement A..
This. being
also divided into various numbers, and used differentially in conjunction
with the circles on the ring B.
In Figure 2 of the Drawing the outer edge is divided into a few
spaces, each equal to the same portion of a circle as the single divisions
upon the ring B, and these spaces are subdivided into the same number
of spaces as the entire circle upon the ring B. to which they belong, and
they are figured to correspond.
The use of these divisions is as follows:-If it be desired to make a wheel
having ninety-nine teeth select the circle one hundred on the ring B,
and its counter-division on the outer series of differential circles (as they
may be called for the purpose of distinction) on the basement A. Having
affixed the index pointer to each of them at the commencing line proceed
with the moulding of the pattern, as before described. Having with-
drawn the pattern, move the ring C round one of its divisions, as indicated
by the pointer, on the ring B; then by the worm on the shaft H move
the ring B one of its subdivisions, as indicated by its pointer upon the
outer or differential circle on the basement A. This movement carries
the inner ring C, and also the pattern round this small portion, further
than was given by the first movement; and as the entire circle is made
and the one hundred subdivisions introduced, it will be obvious that the
great divisions have lost one of their number in the entire revolution
which has been gradually absorbed uniformly round the circle.
A

page_text: wheel of one hundred and one or one hundred and two teeth may be
made by the same circles by simply working the differential circles in the
opposite direction.
The same principle may be carried out by making the divisions on
short cylinders (or hoops) moved round upon suitable bearings on the
outside of the basement A, the construction of which may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of this Invention.
In the case of hoops being used instead of rings the divisions and
subdivisions would be marked upon their circumference, or partly upon
the circumference and partly upon their upper surfaces.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described a
convenient mode of performing the same, I declare that what I claim
is,-
First. The arrangement of a machine for moulding toothed wheels,
which machine is not attached to any foundation, wall, or building, but
simply rests upon the floor.
Secondly. The application of dividing plates to machines for moulding
toothed wheels, as shewn and described.
Thirdly. The use of differential circles for making uneven divisions
from even divisions, as shewn and described.
Fourthly. The measuring index for determining the diameters of
toothed wheels, as shewn and described.
And, lastly. The general combination of the parts forming a machine
for moulding toothed wheels, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Simpson, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of January One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
JOSEPH SIMPSON. (L.s.)