IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Dan Dawson, of Milnes Bridge, in the County of
York, Aniline Manufacturer, and Clayton Slater, of Barnoldswick,
in the County aforesaid, Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Dan Dawson and
Clayton Slater at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th February 1874.
We, DAN DAWSON, of Milnes Bridge, in the County of York, Aniline
Manufacturer, and CLAYTON SLATER, of Barnoldswick, in the County
aforesaid, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of improved means and apparatus
for dyeing and “fixing" the dye or coloring matter upon fabrics of
cotton or other vegetable fibre, or fabrics composed partly of cotton or
other vegetable fibre, and partly of wool or other animal fibre.

page_text: Pieces or fabrics to be dyed according to this Invention are passed
through dye liquor contained in a vessel having guide and conducting
rollers within the said vessel, over which rollers the piece is caused to
pass, and finally emerging from the dye liquor the piece next passes
between squeezing rollers, which squeeze out the superfluous dye liquor.
The piece is then passed forward to and through a slit formed in the
side or end of an enclosed case or box, within which are a series of guide
and conducting rollers over which the piece passes. This case or box
contains ammonical liquor; the vapour arising therefrom acts on the
coloring matter on the piece whilst exposed thereto during its transit
over the several guide and conducting rollers. The effect or action of
the ammonical vapour is to "fix" and render the dye or coloring on
the piece permanent. The piece then issues through another slit or
narrow opening formed through the opposite side of the box or casing,
and thence passes through a washing vessel and washing roller on to and
over drying cylinders, or it may pass from the ammonical case or box
and washing apparatus direct to a roller or beam to be dryed by any
ordinary means.
The dye matters to be employed under this Invention are such as are
rendered insoluble by the action of ammonia; for instance, the coloring
matter of dye woods in conjunction with metallic salts which are held in
solution by means of a suitable acid, such as sulphuric acid. The effect
or action of the vapour of ammonia is to precipitate the combination of
the coloring matter with the metalic oxide, and thereby permanently
affix such coloring matter on the cotton.
—
When metalic salts alone are employed the action of the ammonia
vapor precipitates the metalic oxides on the cotton. Several of such
oxides, for instance, oxide of iron, oxide of maganese are permanent dyes
when so fixed on cotton. Example, suppose a piece is to be died black,
we introduce to the dye vessel a solution made by boiling about one
hundred parts of logwood in six hundred parts of water, and then adding
thcrcto twelve parts of sulphate of iron and 2 parts of sulphuric acid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 19th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAN
DAWSON, of Milnes Bridge, in the County of York, Aniline Manufacturer,
and CLAYTON SLATER, of Barnoldswick, in the County aforesaid, Cotton
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Dan Dawson and Clayton
Slater, Her special licence that we, the said Dan Dawson and Clayton
Slater, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should in any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for " Improvements in DYEING, AND IN THE Apparatus
CONNECTED THERE WITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Dan Dawson and Clayton Slater,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings
(that is to say):
This Invention consists in the use of improved means and apparatus
for dyeing and "fixing "the dye or colouring matter upon fabrics of
cotton or other vegetable fibre, or fabrics composed partly of cotton or
other vegetable fibre, and partly of wool or other animal fibre..

page_text: When metallic salts alone are employed the action of the ammonia
vapour precipitates the metallic oxides on the cotton. Several of such
oxides, for instance, oxide of iron, oxide of manganese, are permanent
dyes when so fixed on cotton. Example, suppose a piece is to be dyed
black, we introduce to the dye vessel a solution made by boiling about
one hundred parts of logwood in six hundred parts of water, and then
adding thereto twelve parts of sulphate of iron and two parts of sulphuric
acid.
Having thus described the nature of this our said Invention, and
shewn by Drawings how the same is to be performed or carried into
practical effect, we would have it understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the precise details of construction or arrangement of
apparatus as above described, but what we claim as our Invention is,
subjecting the fabric to the action of ammoniacal vapour after the same
has been passed through a solution of dye liquor, whereby such dye
matters are rendered insoluble within the fibres of the fabric substantially
as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Dan Dawson, for and on behalf of
myself and the said Clayton Slater, have hereunto set my hand.
and seal, this Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.