Improvements in Gas Engines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1897-Accepted, 31st July, 1897
Improvements in Gas Engines.
We, GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, Manufacturer, and EDWIN RUUD, Mechanical Engineer,
both of the City of Pittsburg, County of Allegheny, State of Pennsylvania, and United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following stateinent: -
The object of our invention is to provide an improvement in gas engines; and, to
this end, our invention consists in a new and improved internal combustion, or
explosive, gas engine which is efficient in operation, simple and economical in
construction, and adapted to effect a regular and uniform rotation of the main shaft ;
in a new and improved valve gear, for operating one or more valves by motion
derived from the main shaft of the engine; in a novel regulating apparatus for
effecting a mixture of the air and other gases and varying the capacity of, or entirely
closing, the supply passage, or passages, through which the air and other gases are
supplied to the cylinder, or cylinders of a gas engine, whereby the mingling of the
gases may be effected and the quantity and relative proportions of the air and other gases
may be varied; in new and improved means for effecting the ignition of the
gases in the cylinder, or combustion chamber, of a gas engine, and in certain
combinations and features of construction, all as hereinafter fully set forth.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an application of our invention,
Figure 1 is a central vertical section through the cylinders and crank case of a
two-cylinder gas engine provided with our improvement; Fig. 2, a vertical section
through the crank case and through one of the cylinders in a plane at right angles
to the plane of Figure 1; Fig. 3, a vertical section on the line x, x, of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4, a horizontal section on the line y, y, of Figures 1 and 3; Fig. 5, a front
elevation of the casing containing our improved valve apparatus; Fig. 6, a central
longitudinal section through our improved valve apparatus; Figs. 7, 8, and 9, transverse
sections, on the lines xx, y-y, and 2-2, respectively, of Figure 6; Fig. 10, a central
longitudinal section showing our improved valve apparatus in combination with an
automatic governing device; Fig. 11, a central longitudinal section through the valve
apparatus, showing a modification of the construction by which the valves are
connected to the tubular stem; Fig. 12, a central longitudinal section through a
modification of the valve apparatus in which rotary movement of the valves is effected
by the governor, and longitudinal movement by the hand operated devices; Fig. 13,
a front elevation of the casing of the valve apparatus shown in Figure 12;
Fig. 14, a transverse section on the line ww of Fig. 12; Fig. 15, a view partly in
section and partly in elevation of an engine with our improved electric igniting
mechanism applied thereto; Fig. 16, a plan view of our improved igniting device
shown applied to a two cylinder engine; Fig. 17, a view partly in elevation and
partly in section on the line, x, of Figure 16; Fig. 18, a section through the cap,
or bonnet, in which the igniting electrodes are mounted; Fig. 19, a cross section
through the can shaft of the igniting device, on the line y, y, of Fig. 17; and
Fig. 20, a side elevation of the igniting points, or electrodes, and the inner end of

page_text: the plug which forms an extension of the cap, or bonnet, in which the electrodes are
mounted.
The preferred form of our improvement comprises two vertical cylinders mounted
on a closed crank case and having their pistons directly connected with two similarly
placed cranks on the main shaft. The cycle of operations is the same in both
cylinders; in each cylinder the charge is drawn in during an out-stroke of the piston,
compressed during the next in-stroke, exploded and expanded during the next out-
stroke, and exhausted during the next in-stroke. But, although the two pistons
When
move together, the similar operations in the two cylinders are not coincident.
explosion and expansion are taking place in one cylinder, a charge is being drawn 1
into the other cylinder, and a working stroke occurs during each revolution.
In the embodiment of our invention, as shown in the drawings, the valve gear is
specially adapted for application to a two cylinder engine, but it may be employed
with a single cylinder, or with more than two cylinders without affecting the general
construction.
The cylinders 1 and 2 may be either cast integral with one another or separately,
as preferred, and are mounted on a closed crank case, 3, provided with the removable
heads, 4 and 5, on which are formed bearings, 6 and 7, for the main shaft, 8. The
pistons, 9 and 10, are connected with the cranks, 11 and 12, by means of the
connecting rods, 13 and 14, the cranks being located in the same plane and on:
the same side of the main shaft, so that the pistons move together in the same
direction.
A gear wheel, 15, on the main shaft meshes with a gear wheel, 16, mounted on a
countershaft, 17, which passes through the removable head, 5, of the crank case and
is provided with the bearings, 18 and 19. A gear wheel, 20, is mounted on the
countershaft, 17, between the bearings, 18 and 19, and meshes with a gear wheel, 21,
mounted on a cam shaft, 22, which extends into the crank case and is supported in
bearings, 23, 24, and 25.
-
Mounted on the cam shaft, 22, are two cams, 26 and 27, which are adapted to
engage with rollers, 28 and 29, on the oscillatory levers, 30 and 31, respectively. The a
levers, 30 and 31, are mounted to oscillate on a shaft, 32, which is supported by a
The bracket, 33,
bracket, 33, centrally located in the upper part of the crank case.
is formed integral with a plate, or flange portion, 34, which rests on projecting
portions, or lugs, 35, formed on the upper portion of the crank case, and which is
secured in place by bolts, 36. These supporting lugs, or projecting portions, 35, are
of such a width as to form a proper bearing for the plate, or flange portion, 34, of
the bracket, and to permit the removal of the bracket by a lateral movement after
the bolts, 36, are withdrawn. By means of this construction a substantial bearing is
provided for the bracket which is in position to receive the strain applied through
the levers, 30 and 31, and the bolts, 36, act merely to prevent lateral or upward
movements which might be caused by jarring, but which do not cause any
considerable strain on the bolts.
One arm of each of the levers, 30 and 31, is normally in contact with one end of
a rod or stem, 37, or 38, of an exhaust valve which is operated by the movement
of the lever with which it is in contact. In the drawings, Figure 3, the rod, 37, is
shown connected to the exhaust valve, 39. In case the engine has but a single
cylinder, one cam only, and one only of the levers, 30, 31, will be required; but in
the construction shown, as there are two cylinders, we employ two separate exhaust
valves, two oscillating levers, and two cams on the shaft, 22.
In order to obtain a regular movement of the engine we employ two cylinders
each of which performs a working stroke every other revolution, one cylinder
performing its working stroke during one revolution of the main shaft, and the other
cylinder performing its working stroke during the next revolution of the main shaft.
In accordance with this method of operating, when the piston, 9, of the cylinder, 1,
is moved downward, by an explosion of the mixed gases, the piston, 10, will also be
moved downward and will draw in its charge of inixed air and gas; on the next
upward stroke the piston, 9, will force out the burnt gases and the piston, 10, will

page_text: compress the mixed gases in its cylinder; and on the next downward stroke of the
pistons, the piston, 10, will be actuated by the explosion or combustion of the gases,
and a new charge of mixed air and gases will be drawn into the cylinder, 1.
By means of this method of operating the main shaft will be actuated by an
explosion during each revolution, and a more uniform rotative movement of the shaft
will be effected than can be obtained by those engines in which an impulse is given
only once in two revolutions.
In accordance with this method of operating, one or the other of the exhaust
valves of the two-cylinder engine is opened every revolution, and in order to effect
the desired alternate movement of the exhaust valves, and their actuating levers, 30
and 31, the cams, 26 and 27 are placed 180 degrees apart on the shaft 22. During
the exhaust stroke of one revolution, the cam, 26, will actuate the lever, 30, and open
and permit the closure of the exhaust valve, 39, of cylinder, 2, and during the
exhaust stroke of the next revolution the cam, 27 will actuate the lever, 31, and open
and permit the closure of the exhaust valve of cylinder, 1.
It will be obvious that with this construction and method of operating the working
parts of the engine may be made much lighter than would be necessary if the
explosions in the two cylinders were simultaneous, or than would be necessary in a
single cylinder engine of the same power.
On the cam shaft, 22, is secured a bevel gear wheel 40, which meshes with a bevel
gear wheel, 41, on a vertical shaft, 42, mounted in a bearing, 43, which passes through
the upper portion of the crank case, as shewn in Figure 3. The shaft, 42, carries a
centrifugal governor 44, which is connected with and adapted to regulate the
position of a hollow cylindrical valve, 45, controlling the admission of air and gas to
the inlet valves of the cylinder. The inlet valves are not shown, but any ordinary
form of puppet valve may be employed for this purpose.
Air is admitted to the interior of the controlling valve, 45, through the pipe, 46,
passage, 47, and ports, 48, as shewn in Figure 3; and gas is admitted through the
passage, 49, and ports, 50, to the interior space of the valve, 45, where the air and
gas mingle before passing to the inlet valves through the ports, 51, and
passage, 52.
The valve, 45, is formed in two parts which are adapted to be adjusted longitu-
dinally, by the governor, 44, to regulate the quantity of air and gas, and each of the
parts is adapted to be rotated by hand to vary the proportions of the air and
gas.
The mixed air and gas may be ignited by any preferred means, to produce an
explosion, and it is immaterial so far as the general construction and arrangement of our
engine and its valve gear as shown herein, is concerned, whether the ignition is
effected by means of electricity or by means of a flame, or some incandescent
substance, the application of which is controlled by a valve, but the electrical
igniting means shown herein, and which forms a part of our improvement, is
preferred.
The employment of puppet valves, or other automatic valves for the admission of
air and gas at the proper time, and the operation of the valve gear to effect opening
and closing movement of the exhaust valves during the return stroke. which occurs
immediately after explosion and expansion of the combustible gases, control the
relative occurrence of the several operations in the two cylinders, and, as any ordinary
puppet valves, operated by suction, may be employed for the admission of the gases,
the relation of the cycles of operation in the two cylinders to one another will depend
on the relative time of operation of the exhaust valves when such puppet valves are
employed. We have therefore, considered it unnecessary to show the admission
valves in the drawings.
As shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, the casing, 53, of our improved valve
apparatus, is provided with an air supply port, 46, which opens into an annular
chamber, 47, surrounding the bushing, 54, which is fitted in the casing, and encloses
a chamber, 55. A port, 49, through which the other gases are admitted, opens into
an annular chamber, 56, surrounding the bushing, 54. A valve, 57, is fitted in the

page_text: lower portion of the bushing, 54, and is provided with ports, 58, which are adapted to
register with the ports, 59, in the bushing, for the purpose of admitting air from the
annular chamber, 47, to the interior of the valve, 57. Above the valve, 57, and bear-
ing on its upper end, or edge, is a valve, 60, which is fitted in the bushing, 54, and
provided with ports, 61, which are adapted to register with ports, 62, in the bushing,
for the purpose of admitting gas from the annular chamber, 56, to the interior of the
valve. The opposite ends of the valves, 57 and 60, are closed by the heads, 63
and 64, respectively, so as to form a perfectly balanced valve device, and the interior
chambers of the valves are at all times in open communication with each other and
form a mixing chamber, within which the air and other gases mingle after being
admitted from the chambers, or passages, 47, and 56.
The valve, 60, is provided, near its upper end, with large ports, 51, which register
with similar ports, 51, in the bushing, 54, and are at all times open to permit a free
passage of the mixed air and other gases into the annular chamber, or passage, 52.
The annular chamber, 52, is at all times in open communication with the passage
leading to the cylinder, or combustion chamber, of the engine and which is controlled
by the inlet valve. (Not shown in the drawing.)
The valve, 57, is rigidly secured to a central tube or sleeve, 65, which extends
upward through both of the valves, 57, and 60, and is provided on its upper end with
nuts, 66 and 67, which limit, or prevent, upward movement of the valve, 60, relative
to the sleeve, 65. The valve, 60, is so fitted between the upper end of the valve, 57,
and the nuts, 66, and 67, on the sleeve, 65, that it may be rotated, or partially
rotated, on the sleeve, 65, but can be moved longitudinally only when the sleeve is so
moved; and when the sleeve is moved, longitudinally both valves are given the same
movement, but either valve may be given a partial rotation independent of the other.
It is not essential that the valve, 60, should bear on the valve, 57, or that their inner
ends should be in contact with one another, but, if preferred, the sleeve, 65, may be
provided, near its upper end, with a collar, or shoulder, to form a bearing from the
Aange, 68, on the head, 64, as shown in Figure 11, so that the valve, 60, may be
partially rotated on the sleeve, 65, and moved longitudinally without direct contact
with the valve, 57.
Either of the valves, 57, or 60, or the sleeve, 65, may be so connected to a governing
device that the valves may be moved longitudinally to vary the capacity of the
ports, 58, 59, 61, and 62, and thereby to vary the quantity of air and gas flowing
through them, or to entirely close these ports; but our invention is not limited to any
specific form of governor, or connections therefrom, for this purpose. In Figure 10
of the drawings, a centrifugal governor is shown as mounted on a shaft, 69, extending
through the sleeve, 65, the governor being connected to the valves by means of a
sleeve, 70, which is moved longitudinally by the movement of the balls, or weights, 71.
The shaft, 69, is secured to and rotated by a shaft, 42, which is operated from the
motor, and which imparts rotary motion to a sleeve, 72, on the shaft, 69. The
sleeve, 72, forms a bearing for the bell cranks, 73, to which the balls, or weights, 71,
are secured, and has no longitudinal movement. The bell cranks, 73, are connected
to the sliding head, 75, by means of the links, 74, and as the balls move outward, or
inward, longitudinal movement is imparted to the sleeves, 70 and 65, and to the
valves, 57 and 60, and the openings through the ports, 58, 59, 61, and 62, are
varied.
The valve, 60, is provided, on its upper end, with a lug, or projection, 76, to which
one end of an arm, or pin, 77, is secured. The arm, or pin, 77, projects into an
opening, 78, in the front part of the casing, 53, and its outer end fits and is movable
in a slot, 79, formed in a pivoted arm, 80. The arm, 80, is pivotally connected by
means of a pin, 82, with a sliding plate, 81, on the outer face of which is formed or
secured a projection, 83, by which the sliding plate may be moved by hand. The
sliding plate, 81, is fitted between the rabbetted guides, 84, and 85, which are secured
to the front of the casing, 53. The guide, 84, being permanently secured in place
and fitted so as to permit the sliding movement of the plate, and the guide, 85, being
slightly concave on its inner surface, or the surface which bears on the casing, 53,

page_text: and provided with a clamping screw, 86, by which it may be clamped against the
sliding plate, 81, to prevent movement of the sliding plate. The outer end of the
clamping screw, 86, is provided with a handle, 87, for turning the screw, and, when
the handle is so turned, as to relax the clamping action on the sliding plate, the plate
may be moved by means of the handle or projection, 83.
When the sliding plate, 81, is moved in either direction the pivot pin, 82, and the
outer end of the pivoted arm, 80, move with it, the outer end of the arm, or pin, 77,
is moved in the same direction, and a partial rotation is given to the valve, 60. The
sliding plate may be moved so as to effect any desired opening of the ports, 61
and 62, or to completely close them, but the motion of the valve should not be such
as to materially affect the size of the opening through the large ports, 51, and 51",
through which the mixed gases pass out of the interior of the valve on their way
to the cylinder.
The sliding plate, 81, may be provided with a pointer, as shown, and the guide, 84.
may be provided with a graduated scale over which the pointer moves, so that the
extent to which the ports 61 and 62 are opened may be indicated.
The valve, 57, which controls the supply of air to the motor, is provided with a
similar adjusting device for opening, or closing the ports, 58 and 59, or regulating
the size of the opening through them by a partial rotation of the valve. The
lower end of the valve, 57, is provided with a lug, or projection, 88, to which is
secured an arm, or pin, 89, the outer end of which projects into a recess, or open-
ings, 90, and is fitted in a slot formed in an arın, 91, which is pivotally secured to a
sliding plate, 92. The sliding plate, 92, is fitted between guides, 93 and 94, and is
provided on its outer face with a projection, or handle, 95, by which it may be moved
by hand, and the guide, 94, is provided with a clamping screw, 96, and with a
handle, 97, for operating it. The guides, sliding plate, pivoted arm, 91, pin, 89,
and clainping screw, 96, and their connections, are substantially the same as those
employed for operating the valve, 60, and the valve, 57, is operated by the movement
of the sliding plate, 92, in the same manner as the valve, 60, is operated
by the movement of the sliding plate 81. It will be obvious that the sliding
plates, 81 and 92, may be operated by other means than that shown in the drawings,
and that some other device, such as an adjusting screw, or gearing, may be employed
in connection therewith, without departing from the spirit of our invention.
The partial rotation of the valve, 57, by the movement of the plate, 92, is inde-
pendent of the movement of the valves by means of the governor and independent
of the movement of the valve, 60, by means of the plate, 81, but, as shown
in the drawing, since the sleeves, 65 and 70, are rigidly connected with the valve, 57,
they are rotated with it. It will be obvious, however, that such a construction is
not an essential feature of our improvement, as the sleeves, 65 and 70, may be con-
nected together or formed integral with one another, as shown in Figure 11, and,
instead of being screw-threaded into the tubular extension, 98, they may be smoothly
fitted therein, as shown in Figure 11, so that the valve, 57, may be turned or partially
rotated without necessarily turning the sleeve.
The recesses, or openings, 78 and 90, into which the arms, or pins, 77 and 89, pro-
ject, and the slots in the pivoted arms, 80, and 91, are of such dimensions as to permit
the lateral movement of the arins, or pins, 77 and 89 therein, and the longitudinal
movement of the valves by the governor, without obstruction or derangement of the
connections.
By means of our improvement, the supply of air may be regulated by adjusting the
valve, 57, by hand, that is, by moving the sliding plate, 92, and giving a partial rota-
tion to the valve, 57, and the supply of other gases may be regulated, in the same
manner, by moving the sliding plate, 81, and giving a partial rotation to the valve, 60,
and the relative sizes of the openings through the valves, 57 and 60, respectively,
may be so adjusted, as to secure any desired proportion between the quantities of air
and other gases admitted to the cylinder or combustion chamber of the motor.
Independent of the rotative adjustment of the valves, the quantity of air and other
gases will be controlled by the longitudinal movement of the valves, however such

page_text: movement may be effected, without varying the proportions of the air and other
gases. When longitudinal movement of the valves is controlled by means of an auto-
matic governor, the supply of air and other gases will be regulated by, and in
accordance with, the speed of the motor, and according to the quantity required,
but at any time, and independent of the operations of the governor, the proportions
of air and other gases may be varied by the movement of the sliding plates, 81
and 92.
So far as the rotary adjustment of the valves, 57 and 60, is concerned, that is, the
adjustinent by which the proportions of the air and other gases are regulated, the
valves, 57 and 60, operate as two separate valves, but, in their longitudinal adjust-
ment, they operate and move together in the same manner as a single piston valve.
The dividing of the two valves, or their formation in two separately adjustable parts,
is for the purpose of varying the relative proportions of the air and gases, but without
such division they form a single throttling and mixing valve, whereby the quantity
of air and other gases is controlled, and their mixture is effected before passing to
the cylinder or combustion chamber of the motor.
Our improvement is not limited to a construction in which the proportions of the
air and other gases are varied by a rotary movement of the valves and the automatic
throttling of both the air and gas is effected by a longitudinal movement, since the
hand operated devices by which the valves are moved to vary the proportions, may
be so connected to the valves as to move the valves longitudinally and the connec-
tions between the valves and the governor may be such that the governor will effect
rotary movement of the valves.
In Figures 12, 13, and 14, is shown a construction in which the tubular stem, or
sleeve, 70, of the governor passes through both valves, 57 and 60, and is fitted to
move in the tubular extensions, 98 and 99, on the valves and to be moved
longitudinally so as to effect rotary movement of the valves.
In this construction the tubular extensions, 98 and 99, on the valves. 57, and 60,
are provided with inclined slots, 100 and 101, and the pins, 102 and 103, which are
secured to the sleeve, 70, project into these slots and effect rotary movement of the
valves when the sleeve, 70 is moved longitudinally by the governor.
The separate and independent movements of the valves for varying the proportions
of the air and other gases are effected by means of the sliding plates, 104 and 105,
one of which is fitted between the guides, 106 and 107, and the other between the
guides, 108 and 109, and both of which are adapted to be moved longitudinally to vary
the size of the port openings. The rod, or pin, 77, which is secured to the valve, 60,
extends into the recess or opening, 78, in the casing, and its outer end is fitted in a
slot, 110, formed in an extension, 111, of the plate, 104. The form of the slot, 110,
is such that it permits angular or rotary movement of the pin, 77, therein, but does
not permit longitudinal movement of the plate, 104, relative to the pin, 77, and the
valve, 60.
The sliding plate, 105, is connected in the same manner, by means of a
slotted extension, 112, and a pin, 89, with the valve, 57, and is adapted, by a longitu-
dinal movement, to shift the valve, 57, longitudinally, to vary the size of the port
openings through which air is admitted.
With the construction shown in Figure 12, it will be seen that when the valves are
moved longitudinally by movement of the sliding plates, 104 and 105, a rotative
movement is also given to the valves. This is due to the slot and pin connection
between the valves and the sleeve, 70. If the ports are open, as shown in Figure 12,
both the longitudinal and rotative movements of the valves tend to close the ports.
Our invention provides means whereby the mixing valve controlling the admission
of air and other gases is automatically adjusted by the action of the governor; and
this adjustment is effected without any substantial variation in the proportions of the
air and other gases. An important feature of our improvement is the relative, or
proportional, variation of the port openings by the governor, whereby, for all adjust-
iments, substantially the same relative degree of opening or closing of the air and gas
ports is effected; so that, no matter how small the proportion of gas to air, for which
the valve device is adjusted, the governor will not at any time entirely cut off the

page_text: supply of gas, except. when it also cuts off the supply of air. That is, when the pro-
portion of gas to air is small, and the valve device, is moved by the governor, to reduce
the capacity of the air port by any fraction, the capacity of the gas port will be
reduced by a similar fraction. This is true for all proportions of air and gas but it
is of special importance where the proportion of gas to air is small; and in this
particular our.improvement differs from all other devices which have been employed
heretofore. So far as we are aware no means have been employed for automatically
and efficiently controlling the quantity of air and gas without variation in the
proportions; the adjustment has been effected either by hand or by a governor
which varied the proportions at the same time that it effected variation in the
quantity.
As shown in Figures 15. to 20, our improvement provides simple and efficient means
for igniting the gases, in the cylinder, or combustion chamber, of a gas engine, by
means of an electric spark caused by breaking contact between the points of fixed
and movable electrodes which are mounted in a detachable cap, or bonnet, fitted to
and closing a
an opening in the cylinder wall, or in the head of the cylinder of the
engine.
In Figure 16, of the drawings we have shown an application of our improvement to
a two cylinder gas engine in which two symmetrically disposed portions of the
igniting mechanism engage with and are operated by the same mechanism for
transmitting motion from the main shaft of the engine; but it will be obvious that by
merely omitting some of the parts, and without any change in the construction of the
remaining parts, the mechanisin may be applied to a single cylinder engine. One of
the advantages of our improvement, however, is its special adaptability to a multiple
cylinder engine.
In the construction shown in the drawings, the mechanism is operated by the
movement of a rotating shaft, 42, which is driven from the main shaft of the engine,
and carries a governor, 44, for controlling the regulating valve device. The shaft, 42,
is geared to a rotary cam shaft, 22, which receives motion from the main shaft by
means of gearing, and is adapted to operate the exhaust valve inechanisin of the
engine. Our improvement is, however, not limited to this particular construction or
means for transmitting motion.
To the upper end of the shaft, 69, is secured a gear wheel, 113, which engages with
a gear wheel, 114, mounted on a sleeve, 115, and connected therewith in such a
manner that when the wheel, 114, is rotated in one direction, it causes rotation of the
sleeve in the same direction, but when the wheel, 114, is rotated in the reverse
direction the sleeve remains stationary. For this purpose the spring, 116, shown in
Figures 17.and 19, is fixed at one end to the hub of the wheel, 114, and at its other
end is secured to a pin, 117, which passes through a hole.in the hub and engages with
a shoulder at one end of a groove, or recess, 118, formed on the sleeve, 115. When
the wheel, 114, is turned in one direction the pin, 117, bears against the shoulder and
turns the sleeve with the wheel, 114, and when the wheel, 114, is turned in the
opposite direction the end of the pin slides over the rounded inner surface of the
groove and the outer surface of the sleeve without imparting motion to the sleeve.
The sleeve, 115, is mounted on a shaft, 119, secured to a bracket, 120, and rigidly
secured to the sleeve is a cam, 121, for operating the levers of the igniting mechanism.
The cam, 121, and the parts with which it engages are of such form that a reversal of
the motion of the cam might cause damage to the mechanism, and for this reason the
wheel, 114, is connected with the sleeve, 115, in the manner described.
The sleeve, 115, is clamped between a washer, a, and a collar, b, on the shaft, 119,
and is secured by a nut on the end of the shaft. By removing the nut and lifting
the wheel, .114, out of the gear with the wheel, 113, the wheel, 114, sleeve, 1.15, and
cam, 121, may be turned independently of.the wheel, 113, and the cam, 121, thereby
adjusted to vary its times of action.
Secured to each of the cylinder heads, 122, and 123, is a stud, 124, or 125, which
forms a fulcrum for one of the tappets, or levers, 126, or 127. Each of these tappets
or.levers, is provided on one end with a pin.or projection, 128, or 129, which engage

page_text: with the cam, 121, and the opposite ends of the levers, extend into position to operate
the movable electrodes of the igniting mechanism.
The levers, or tappets, 126, and 127, are acted on by the springs, 130, and 131,
which tend to hold the adjacent ends of the levers in engagement with the cam, 121;
and the opposite ends of the tappets, 126, and 127, are provided with fingers, or
projections, to act on the outer arms of the movable electrodes so as to break contact
between the sparking points of the movable and fixed electrodes at the proper
time.
Mounted on each of the cylinder heads, 122, and 123, is a removable cap, or
bonnet, 132, or 133, provided with a cylindrical extension, 134, as shown in
Figures, 18 and 20, and fitted in each of the bonnets 132, and 133, are two fixed and
two movable electrodes, each of the movable electrodes being adapted to co-act with
one of the fixed electrodes to make and break a circuit and cause a spark for igniting
the gases.
As shown in Figure 16, the movable electrode, 138, and the fixed electrode, 136,
which are mounted in the cap, 132, co-operate to make or break a circuit by the
contact or separation of the sparking points on their inner ends, and the movable
electrode, 142, in the cap, 132, similarly co-operates with the fixed electrode, 140.
In the cap, or plug, 133, the sparking points of the movable electrodes, 139, and 143,
similarly co-act with the sparking points on the fixed electrodes, 137, and 141,
respectively.
As shown in Figure 18 of the drawings, which is a section through the cap, 132,
and its extension, 134, on the line 2, 2, of Figure, 16, the fixed electrode consists of a
rod, 136, which extends through a hole, or passage, 144, in the removable cap, or
bonnet, 132, and is provided on its inner end with a projecting pin, or sparking
point, 145.
The hole, or passage, 144, through the cap, 132, is considerably larger
than the rod, 136, which passes centrally therethrough so that the rod is not in
contact with the sides of the passage; and the ends of the passage are enlarged to
receive the insulating sleeves, 146 and 147, and the packing gaskets, 148, and 149,
which bear against the shoulders, formed by the enlargements of the passage, 144.
A tight joint is formed around the ends of the rod 136, by the packing gaskets, 150
and 151, and, when the nut, 152, is screwed up on the rod, the insulating sleeves and
packing, and the rod, 136, are tightly clamped in place.
The movable electrode, 138, shown in Figure 18, passes through a metallic tube, or
bearing, 155, which is fitted in the cap, 132, and an arm, 153, secured on the
inner end of the rod, 138, is provided with a sparking point, 154, which is adapted to
make contact with the point, 145, on the fixed electrode, 136, as shown in Figure 20.
In Figure 20, the inner ends of the fixed electrodes, 136 and 140, are shown in
elevation with their sparking points, 145 and 156, each in contact with a point on one
of the arms, 153, or 157, of the corresponding movable electrode.
Rigidly secured to the outer end of the movable electrode, 138, is an arm, 158,
which is engaged by one end of a spring, 159, tending to move an arm, 158, the
electrode, 138, and the arm, 153, so as to make contact between the sparking points,
154 and 145, of the movable and fixed electrodes. Each of the movable electrodes
142, 139, and 143, is provided at its outer end with a similar arm, 160, 161, or 163,
which is similarly acted on by a spring, 162, 163, or 165.
That end of the lever, or tappet, 126, which operates the movable electrodes is
provided with two projections or fingers, 164, and 166, adapted to engage with the
heads of the adjustable screws, 168, and 170, respectively, which are mounted in the
ends of the arms, 158 and 160, of the movable electrodes, 138, and 142. As shown
in Figure 16, the arms, 158, and 160, are in the positions which they will occupy
when the sparking points of the movable electrodes to which they are secured are in
contact with the sparking points of the corresponding fixed electrodes, and the
fingers, 164, and 166, of the lever, or tappet, 126, are shown out of contact with the
adjustable screws, 168 and 170, and at equal distances therefrom. Either of the
arms, 158, or 160, may, however, be released from the pressure of its spring, 159, or
162, and moved out of the path of the projection, or finger, on the lever, 126, and

page_text: either of the screws, 168, or 170, may be adjusted so as to vary the time at which the
electrode is operated by the lever.
In order to render either of the electrodes, 138, or 142, inoperative by the tappet,
126, it is only necessary to disengage that end of the spring, 159, to 162, which bears
against the arm, 158, or 160, and to move the arm out of the path of the correspond-
ing finger on the tappet, 126; the spring, 159, or 162, may then bear against the
pin, 165, or 167, projecting from the cap, 132. The construction of the fingers on
the operating lever, or tappet, and of the adjusting devices on the arms of the
movable electrodes, for the other cylinder, are preferably in all respects similar to
those described as being mounted on the cylinder head, 122. The fingers on the
ends of the levers may be given any preferred form, or they may be dispensed with if
the outer arms on the movable electrodes and the adjustable screws on the arms be
given such form and proportions as is necessary to permit the desired engagement
with the levers.
Referring to that portion of the mechanism shown mounted on the cylinder
head, 122, it will be seen that the movable electrode 138, and fixed electrode, 136,
and their co-operating parts form one sparking device, or a make and break device
for one circuit, and the movable electrode, 142, and the fixed electrode, 140, form
another sparking device, or a make and break device for another circuit; and that
either of these devices may be employed while the other is inoperative, or, if
preferred, both devices may be operated, to produce two simultaneous sparks, or the
adjustment may be such that two sparks may be produced for each explosion with a
slight interval between the sparks.
It will not usually be necessary to keep in operation more than one movable
elect rode for each cylinder, and it will, therefore, be preferable to have the other
disengaged, as described, in order to prevent wear. In case of accident to the one in
operation the disengaged electrode may be quickly brought into action by merely
engaging the end of its spring with the arms of the electrode, and the other may
then be disengaged.
In case it is necessary to remove one of the caps, 132, or 133, to inspect or repair
any portion of the sparking devices, the caps, 132, and 133, may be readily removed
and if desired may be replaced by a similar cap and electrodes.
The cam, 121, rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 19, and
during about one-half of a revolution of the cam, after the projection, 128, on the
end of the lever, 126, passes the shoulder, 169, on the cam, the lever, 126, is in
position to hold open the circuit, or circuits, controlled by the movable electrodes.
One of the fingers, or projections, 164, or 166, on the lever, 126, is then in contact
with the corresponding adjustable screw, 168, or 170, on the arm, 158, or 160, and
the sparking point on the inner end of the movable electrode is held out of contact
with the point on the corresponding fixed electrode. During the next half of a
revolution of the cam, 121, that end of the lever which engages with the cam is
gradually moved outward from the centre of the cam, the fingers on the other end
of the lever are moved to permit the springs, bearing on the arms of the movable
electrodes, to gradually close the circuits by bringing the movable sparking points
into contact with the fixed sparking points, and when the points have made contact
the fingers on the lever are moved a little further so as to be out of contact with the
adjusting screws on the arms of the movable electrodes, as shown in the device
applied to the cylinder head, 122, in Figure 16. The sparking points being in
contact and closing the circuits controlled by them, and the fingers on the lever
having been moved away from the adjusting screws, the rotation of the cam,
causes the shoulder, 169, on the cam to pass the projection, 128 or 129, on the end
of the lever, the spring, 130, or 131, suddenly throws the lever into position to
engage with that part of the cam beyond the shoulder 169, and by the same movement
of the lever the adjusting screws on the arms of the movable electrodes are struck by
the fingers on the end of the lever, the contact of the sparking points is suddenly
broken, and a spark is produced.
121,

page_text: As shown in Figures, 16 and 19, the shoulder, 169, on the cam is just about to
pass the projection, or pin, 128, on the lever, 126.
"
On the right of Figure 16, the lever, 127, and the arm, 161, and 163, of the movable
electrodes, 139 and 143, are shown in the positions which they will occupy at the
beginning of the movement by which the sparking points are put in contact and
the circuits closed.
.
Although both of the movable electrodes in each of the caps, 132, and 133, are
shown in position to be operated by the levers, 126, and 127, it will be understood
that the simultaneous employment of two sparking devices for each cylinder is not
essential, and the preferred practice is to employ but one at the time in each
cylinder, and to keep the other disengaged and in readiness to be brought into action
when desired, as, for example, when the other device is inoperative, or requires
adjustment, or for any other reason.
The removable caps, 132, and 133, may be easily and quickly removed from the
cylinder heads, and others may be as easily and quickly secured in their places, by means
, of bolts through the holes, 171, and 173, or 172, and 174. The bolts are omitted
from the drawings because they might tend to confuse the lines of the drawings.
Each of the removable caps, with its two fixed and two movable electrodes, may
constitute an article of manufacture, which is adapted to be applied to any form of
gas engine; which is of such form that it requires no special manipulation in its 2
application and no special construction of the part to which it is applied; and which,
on account of its simplicity and therefore comparatively inexpensive construction
involves but little expense in case removal or substitution of one for another is
required. The necessity of such renewal, or substitution, will, however, be much
less frequent than is the case when employing any of the usual igniting devices, since 2
one of the fixed and one of the movable electrodes in each of the removable caps
may be held in reserve, or out of action, to be brought into action only when the
other ignitor in the same cap is either accidentally or intentionally rendered
inoperative.
It will be seen that the construction of the igniting mechanism is such that there a
is comparatively little danger of breakage, or of damage to any of the parts, by shocks,
or by jarring caused by the operation of the mechanisin itself. Each of the movable
electrodes is rigidly connected with the arms on its opposite ends, one within and the
other without the cylinder, and forms therewith a rigid integral structure. The only
parts within the cylinder that makes contact with one another are the sparking a
points, and their approach to one another is so gradual that the impact between them
is exceedingly small, the comparatively light springs which act on the outer arms of
the movable electrodes merely acting to keep the adjustable screws on those arms in
contact, with the fingers on the levers 126 and 127, as they gradually recede after
breaking the circuit, and until the sparking points are in contact.
The sudden action of the levers, 126 and 127, on the outer arms of the movable
electrodes has no injurious effect on any of the internal parts, which are merely
separated thereby, and the action on the outer arms is to a certain extent cushioned
by the springs which bear on those arms. If, however, the outer arms should become
damaged, or loosened in any way, they are in position to be removed or repaired, and
while this is being done, one of the other movable electrodes which has been in reserve
may be put in action.
Ön opposite sides of the bracket, 120, above which the rotating cam is mounted,
are fitted cushioning devices of rubber or other suitable material which are adapted to
diminish, or prevent, noise and shock which might be caused by the projections, or
pins, 128 and 129, on the levers, 126 and 127, being thrown against the cam after
the passing of the shoulder on the cam. In the drawings the cushioning
device, 175 and 176, of rubber or other suitable material, is mounted in a recess in
the bracket, 120, and an adjusting screw, 177, 178, is fitted in position to bear on the
cushioning material for the purpose of adjusting it. On one side of each of the
levers, 126 and 127, is formed a flattened projection, or tup, .179, 180, which is
adapted to strike the cushioning device just before the pin, or projection, 128, or 129,

page_text: on the lever comes in contact with the cam after slipping over the shoulder on
the cam.
The time of ignition of the gases may be varied by adjusting the cain, 121, and
the wheel, 114, relative to the wheel, 113, as already described, and any more
delicate adjustment of the sparkling devices may be effected by means of the
adjusting screws on the arms of the movable electrodes.
The breaking of contact between the sparking points is effected in the inost efficient
manner by the sudden blow delivered by the lever, 126, or 127, under the action of a
comparatively strong' spring, and the return movement by which the contact is again
made, under the action of the weaker spring, is not only gradual,. but the pressure
between the points when in contact is such as to cause no injurious effect.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in, what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that, what
we claim is:
1. The combination, in a gas engine, of a main shaft, a cain shaft parallel to the
main shaft and actuated thereby, a cam on the cam shaft, a lever actuated by the
cam and adapted to engage with and operate the stem of an exhaust valve, a governor
shaft at right angles to the cam shaft and geared thereto by means of bevel gear
wheels; a governor operatively connected with the governor shaft, and a valve controlled
by the governor, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination, in a vertical gas engine, of two single acting cylinders mounted
on a closed crank case, a main shaft, two similarly placed cranks on the main shaft,
connections from the pistons of the cylinders, to the cranks, a cam shaft parallel to and
geared to the inain shaft, and located inside of the crank case, two cains on the cam
shaft, an exhaust valve for each cylinder, and two levers actuated by the cams on the
cam-shaft and adapted to alternately operate the exhaust valves substantially as set
.forth..
3. The combination, in a vertical gas engine, of two single acting cylinders mounted
on a closed crank case, a main shaft passing through the crank case, two similarly
placed cranks on the main shaft, connections from the pistons of the cylinders to the
cranks, a gear wheel on the main shaft within the crank case meshing with a gear
wheel on the countershaft, a cam shaft which extends into the crank case and is
geared to the countershaft by gear wheels outside of the crank case, cams on the cam
shaft, within the crank case, and levers actuated by the cams and adapted to
alternately operate the exhaust valves of the two cylinders, substantially as set forth..
4. The combination, in a vertical gas engine, of two single acting cylinders mounted
on a closed crank case, a main shaft passing through the crank case, two similarly
placed cranks on the main shaft, connections from the pistons of the cylinders to the
cranks, a cam shaft parallel to the main shaft, and located within the crank case, a
countershaft, gear wheels on the countershaft meshing with gear wheels on the main
shaft and cain shaft, two cams oppositely placed on the cam shaft, and two levers
adapted to be actuated by the cams to operate the exhaust valves of the two cylinders,
substantially as set forth."
.
The combination, in a vertical gas engine, of two single acting cylinders mounted
on a closed crank case, a main shaft, two similarly placed cranks on the main shaft,
connections from the pistons of the cylinders to the cranks, a cam shaft parallel to
and: geared to the main shaft, two cans on the cam shaft, levers actuated by the cams
for operating the exhaust valves of the cylinders, a bevel gear on the cam shaft,
engaging with a bevel gear on a vertical governor shaft, and a governor on the governor
shaft connected with a controlling valve, substantially as set forth.
.
:
6. The combination, in a vertical gas engine, of two single acting cylinders mounted
on a closed crank case, a main shaft, a cam shaft within the crank case parallel to the
main shaft and geared thereto, two levers actuated by cams on the cam shaft for
operating the exhaust valves of the cylinders, and a removable bearing for the levers
which is supported by projecting portious or lugs on the upper portion of the crank
case, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 7. The combination of a casing having an air supply passage and a gas supply
passage, air and gas admission ports communicating with said passages, a valve device
having an internal mixing chamber receiving air and gas from said ports, and a
governing device for operating the valve device which is adapted to automatically
vary the capacity of the air and gas admission ports through which air and gas are
admitted to the internal mixing chamber, substantially as set forth.
8. In a regulating device for controlling the supply of air and other gases to a gas
engine, the combination, with air and gas supply passages, of a valve device
controlling the air and gas supply ports, or passages, which is adapted to be adjusted
in one direction to vary the quantity of air and other gases and in another direction
to vary the proportions of the air and other gases, substantially as set forth.
9. In a regulating valve device, for controlling the supply of air and other gases to
a gas engine, the combination, with air and gas supply passages, of two connected
members, one controlling the supply of air and the other the supply of other gases,
both adapted to be adjusted longitudinally to vary the quantity of air and other gases,
and each adapted to be adjusted laterally to vary the proportions of the air and
gases, substantially as set forth.
10. In a regulating valve device, for controlling the supply of air and other gases
to a gas engine, the combination, with air and gas supply passages, of a cylindrical
chamber, two connected cylindrical valves located and movable within the chamber,
one controlling the supply of air and the other the supply of other gases, both adapted
to be adjusted longitudinally and rotatively to vary the quantity and proportions of
the air and other gases, substantially as set forth.
11. In a regulating valve device, for controlling the supply of air and other gases
to a gas engine, the combination, with air and gas supply passages, of two connected,
hollow, cylindrical members, enclosing a mixing chamber, one of the members
controlling the admission of air and the other controlling the admission of other gases
and both adapted to be adjusted to vary the capacity of the air and gas admission
ports, substantially as set forth.
12. A hollow cylindrical valve device formed of two members which are connected
together and enclose a mixing chamber for air and other gases, ports controlled by
one of the members for admitting air to the chamber, ports controlled by the other
member, for admitting the other gases to the chamber, ports or passages through
which the mixed air and other gases may pass to the cylinder, or conibustion chamber
of a gas engine, an automatic governor connected to the valve device, and controlling
the supply of air and gas admitted to the mixing chamber, and means whereby either
or both members of the valve device may be adjusted to vary the proportion of the
air and gas, substantially as set forth.
13. In a regulating valve device, for controlling the supply of air and other gases
to a gas engine, the combination, with air and gas supply passages, of two connected
members, one controlling the supply of air and the other the supply of other gases,
both adapted to be adjusted in one direction to vary the quantity of air and other
gases, and each adapted to be adjusted in another direction to vary the proportions of
the air and gases, substantially as set forth.
14. In a regulating valve device, the combination, of a cylindrical, rotatively
adjustable valve, a sliding plate on the casing of the valve, a pivoted arm on the plate,
and an arm which is connected to the valve and extends into a slot in the pivoted arm
on the plate whereby movement of the sliding plate may cause rotative movement of
the valve, substantially as set forth.
15. In a regulating valve device, for gas engines the combination of two hollow
cylindrical valves which are closed at their outer ends and open at their inner ends,
so as to form an enclosed mixing chamber, air admission ports controlled by one of
the valves and gas admission ports controlled by the other valve, a connection between
the valves whereby they may be coincidently moved longitudinally, and mechanism
connected to each of the valves whereby either may be rotated independently of the
other, substantially as set forth.
16. The combination, of a casing having air and gas adinission ports, and a valve

page_text: device independent of the admission valve of the engine having an internal mixing
chamber receiving air and gas from said ports, and adapted to automatically vary the
capacity of the air and gas admission ports through which air and gas are admitted
to the internal mixing chamber, substantially as set forth.
17. The combination, in a regulating device for gas engines, of a mixing chamber,
a valve device concentric therewith which is independent of the main admission valve
of the engine, normally open air and gas admission ports through which air and gas
are admitted to the mixing chamber, and a governing device whose shaft is in line
with the axis of the valve and which is adapted to automatically operate the valve to
control the capacity of the air and gas admission ports, substantially as set forth.
18. In a regulating device for controlling the supply of air and other gases to a gas
engine, the combination, with a valve device which is adjustable to vary the
proportions of the air and gas, and a governor for adjusting the valve device, of air
and gas supply ports, or passages, the capacity of which may be varied by the
movement of the valve device under the action of the governor, and which are so
formed and arranged that adjustments of the valve device by the governor effect
variations in the quantity only of the air and other gases without affecting their
proportions, substantially as set forth.
19. In a regulating device for controlling the supply of air and other gases to a gas
engine, the combination, with air and gas supply passages, of a valve device for
controlling the air and gas supply ports, or passages, which is adapted to be adjusted
in one direction to vary the proportions of the air and other gases and in another
direction by means of a governor to vary the quantity only of the air and other gases,
substantially as set forth.
20. A regulating valve device for controlling the supply of air and other-gases to a
gas engine, which comprises a cylindrical chamber, two connected members located
and movable within the chamber, one of which controls the admission of gas and the
other the admission of air to the chamber, and an automatic governor connected to
and adapted to operate both members to vary the capacity of the air and gas admission
ports without varying the proportions of the air and gas, and thereby to control the
quantity of air and other gases admitted to the chamber, substantially as set forth.
21. The combination, in a regulating device for controlling the supply of air and
other gases to a gas engine, of a mixing chamber, two connected members movable
within the chamber, one of which controls the admission of gas and the other the
admission of air to the chamber, an automatic governor connected to and adapted to
operate both members to control the quantity only of air and other gases admitted to
the chamber, and means for adjusting each of the members to vary the proportions of
the air and gas, substantially as set forth.
22. In a gas engine in which the operation of the engine is regulated by varying
the quantity of air and gas admitted to the cylinder, the combination, in a valve
device which is independent of the admission valve of the engine, of a mixing chamber,
separate ports for the admission of air and gas to the mixing chamber, two connected
members located and movable within the mixing chamber, one controlling the
admission of gas and the other of air to the chamber, a governing device connected to
5 and adapted to operate both members to control the quantity only of air and gas
admitted to the chamber, and means for separately adjusting each of the members to
vary the proportions of the air and gas admitted to the chamber, substantially as set
forth.
23. In a gas engine, the combination, of a valve device, an internal mixing chamber
therein, normally open ports through which air and gas are admitted to the mixing
chamber, and a governor for operating the valve device to vary the capacity of the
air and gas admission ports independently of the opening or closing of the main
admission valve of the engine, and without varying the proportions of the air and gas,
substantially as set forth.
24. In a regulating device for controlling the supply of air and other gases to a gas
engine, the combination, with air and gas supply passages, of a valve mechanism,
controlling the air and gas supply ports, or passages, which is adapted to be adjusted

page_text: to regulate the proportions of air and other gases, and which is operative by a governor
to vary the quantity of air and other gases admitted to the engine without substantial
variation of the proportions, substantially as set forth.
25. In a gas engine, the combination, in an igniting mechanism, in which a spark
is produced within the cylinder, by breaking an electric circuit, of two inovable
electrodes each adapted by its movement to cause a spark within the cylinder;
actuating mechanism for imparting motion to the movable electrodes, and means
whereby either of the movable electrodes is adapted to be operated by the actuating
inechanism, substantially as set forth.
.
26. The combination, with a gas engine cylinder, of a removable cap, or bonnet,
two movable electrodes mounted in the cap, or bonnet, each adapted by its movement
to make and break a circuit, and an actuating mechanism for operating either of the
movable electrodes, substantially as set forth.
27. The combination, with a gas engine cylinder, of a removable cap, or bonnet,
two movable electrodes mounted in the cap, or bonnet, each adapted by its movement
to make and break a circuit, and mechanism operated by the engine, for transmitting
motion to the movable electrodes, substantially as set forth.
28. The combination, with a gas engine cylinder, of an igniting mechanism
comprising two movable electrodes, each adapted by its movement to make and break
a circuit, à cam operated from the engine, and a lever, or tappet, engaging with the
cam and adapted to transmit motion to one or both of the movable electrodes,
substantially as set forth.
29. The combination, with a gas engine cylinder, of a removable cap, or bonnet, two
movable and two fixed electrodes mounted in the cap, or bonnet, a lever, or tappet,
for imparting motion to the movable electrodes, and a cam with which the lever, or
tappet engages and which is adapted to be operated from the engine, substantially as
set forth.
:
30. The combination, with a gas engine cylinder, of a movable electrode which is
adapted to make and break a circuit, a lever, or tappet, for actuating the movable
electrode, to break the circuit, a spring unconnected with the movable electrode for
moving the tappet in one direction, a cam engaging with the lever, or tappet, and
means whereby the cam may be adjusted to vary the time of action of the movable
electrode, substantially as set forth.
31. The combination, in an igniting mechanism for a gas engine, of a movable
électrode, a lever, or tappet, for actuating the movable electrode, a cam with which
the lever, or tappet, engages, and a gear wheel operated from the engine, and so
connected with the cam as to be capable of rotating the cam in one direction only,
substantially as set forth.
32. In a gas engine, the combination, with a removable head, or bonnet, of a movable
electrode mounted in the head, or bonnet, rigidly connected arms mounted on the
opposite ends of the electrode a lever, or tappet for engaging the arm on the outer
end of the electrode, a spring unconnected with and disengaged from the movable
electrode, for moving the lever, or tappet, to break the circuit, and means for actuating
the lever, or tappet, to close the circuit, substantially as set forth.
33. In a gas engine, the combination, with a removable cap, or bonnet, of a movable
'electrode having rigidly connected arms on or near its opposite ends, and which is
adapted to make and break a circuit, an adjusting device on the outer arm, a spring
for actuating the movable electrode, and tending to close the circuit, a spring engaging
a tappet, or lever, and tending to open the circuit, and means for actuating the movable
electrode from the engine, substantially as set forth.
34. The combination, with a removable cap, or bonnet, which is adapted to be
applied to an opening in the wall or head of a gas engine cylinder, of two movable
electrodes having rigidly connected arms on, or near, their opposite ends, and
adjusting devices on the outer arms, substantially as set forth.
35. The combination, with a removable cap, or bonnet, which is adapted to be
applied to an opening in the wall.or head of a gas engine cylinder, of two movable
electrodes mounted in the cap, or bonnet, and having rigidly connected arms on their

page_text: opposite ends, and two fixed electrodes adapted to be engaged by two of the arms on
the movable electrodes, substantially as set forth.
36. In a gas engine, the combination, with a movable electrode, of a lever, or
tappet, movable independently of but adapted to engage with the movable electrode
a cushioning device for the lever, or tappet, a cam with which the lever engages, and
a spring tending to hold the lever in engagement with the cam, substantially as set
forth.
37. The combination, in an igniting mechanism, of a fixed electrode, a movable
electrode, adapted to co-operate with the fixed electrode to make and break a circuit,
a spring acting on the movable electrode and tending to close the circuit, and
mechanism for operating the movable electrode which is actuated by a spring for
breaking the circuit, substantially as set forth.
38. The combination in an igniting mechanism, of a fixed electrode, a movable
electrode, adapted to co-operate with the fixed electrode to make and break a circuit,
a spring acting on the movable electrode and tending to close the circuit, a rotating
cam, a lever, or tappet, engaging with the cam, and a spring for actuating the lever
to break the circuit, substantially as set forth.
39. The combination, in an igniting mechanism, for a two cylinder gas engine, of a
fixed and a movable electrode for each cylinder, a lever, or tappet, for operating each
of the movable electrodes, a cam engaging with and imparting motion to both levers,
or tappets, and a countershaft on which the cam is mounted and which receives
motion from the engine, substantially as set forth.
40. In a gas engine, the combination, with a governor shaft operated from the main
shaft, of a cam shaft geared to the governor shaft, a cam on the cam shaft, which
engages with a lever, or tappet, and a movable electrode which is actuated by the
lever, or tappet, sobstantially as set forth.
41. In a two cylinder gas engine, the combination with a countershaft operated
from the main shaft of the engine, of a cam shaft driven by the countershaft a cam
on the countershaft, two levers or tappets, engaging with the cam, and two movable
electrodes extending into each cylinder, and adapted to be actuated by one of the
levers, or tappets, substantially as set forth.
42. In a gas engine, the combination, with a governor shaft, operated from the
main shaft of the engine, a governor and a governor valve on the shaft, a can operated
by gearing from the governor shaft, a lever, or tappet, engaging with the cam, and a
movable electrode operated by the lever, or tappet, substantially as set forth.
Dated this Thirteenth day of April A.D. 1897.
GEO. WESTINGHOUSE.
EDWIN RUUD.