Improvements in Cases for Night and other like Lights.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cases for Night and other like Lights.
We, GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER and MORRIS BROAD FOWLER, both of
75 Tressillian Road, Brockley, in the County of Kent, Night Light Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention has for its object improvements in cases for night and other like
lights, whether the night light material is poured into such cases or is previously
shaped to fit the same, the object being to make them of more perfect form than
beretofore and less liable to injury by handling, transport, age, or when in use, than
those made of paper hitherto in use, and whereby greater security is obtained
against the escape of the melted material from the case and the entry of water, if
the night light is placed in water.
For this purpose we form the cylindrical part of the case of paper in the
ordinary manner, or it may be made of a length of cemented paper coiled around
a mandrel two or more times so as to have several layers with only two ends.
In order to correctly adjust the position of the bottom and fix it solidly in place,
we, according to one method, provide means whereby the bottom, when being
applied to the cylindrical part of the case, is forced down to a bearing or seat.
For this purpose we form cither an internal annular projection or recess at the
required distance from the bottom of the cylinder, and we employ, especially in the
case of an internal recess, a bottom of cardboard or other material slightly larger
in diameter than the inner diameter of the cylinder but which, when forced into
the latter, will, when opposite the recess, spring into it and thereby obtain a firm
seat in the required position. In the case of an annular inwardly projecting seat,
the bottom will be forced down to a seat thereon. Another method is to fix at the
bottom of the cylinder a ring of cardboard or other material, the lower edge of
which is flush or otherwise with the bottom of the cylinder whilst the upper edge
is at the required height to form a seat for the bottom, which is forced in as before
described. Another method is to force a bottom into the cylinder when the latter
is in an expanded condition with moisture; the bottom, being unexpanded or in its
normal condition and of the full internal diameter of the expanded cylinder, is
forced to its correct position by proper tools, after which, by the contraction of the
cylinder around it, the bottom is secured firmly in its correct position. Or a bottom
of cardboard, metal or other material having a narrow cylindrical flange of the
depth required to support the bottom of the case may be forced to or into the
bottom of the latter so that the cylindrical flange of the bottom shall be flush or
otherwise with the lower edge of the cylindrical part of the case. Or the "bottom"
may be forced into the case so as to leave a portion of the latter extending below
the "bottom," after which such extension may be forced inwards and cemented to
the bottom. If desired the cases may, in some instances, be formed of other
material than paper. Or a metal bottom may be used which is provided with a
narrow flange to fit around the lower edge of the cylinder and which is forced
inwards to securely connect the bottom aud cylinder together. This metal bottom
may extend in a plane with the bottom edge of the cylinder or it may have the
part forming the "bottom" of the case standing up a short distance from the lower
edge of the cylinder. In all cases the bottoms are preferably slightly dish formed
or concave to cause the melted material to flow towards the centre, and they may
be perforated to receive the wick or recessed to receive the wick or sustainer or
both, and the space, if any, left below the "bottoms" may be filled with plaster or
other material. In all cases the bottoms are hermetically secured in position by

page_text: the aid of suitable cement and, if desired, an external strengthening hoop may be
applied to the case around the part surrounding the "bottom
" so as to avoid
interfering with the translucency of the case where such is desired.
The material employed may be made waterproof, waxproof, greaseproof, or
fireproof, and it may be enamelled and colored and, if desired, made translucent, or
some or any of these qualities may be imparted to the cases either during or after
manufacture.
Dated this 23rd day of Dial-- 1909
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cases for Night and other like Lights.
We, GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER and MORRIS BROAD FOWLER, both of
75 Tressillian Road, Brockley, in the County of Kent, Night Light Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention has for its object improvements in cases for night and other like
lights, such as are shown in the accompanying drawings.
Our improved cases may be used whether the material employed for the night
light is poured into such cases or is previously shaped to fit the same, the object
being to make them of more perfect form than heretofore and less liable to
injury in transport or in store, or in actual use, than those made in the ordinary
manner.
By means of our improvements increased security is obtained against the escape
of the melted material from the case and also against the entry of water if the
night light is placed in water, as is commonly the case.
We will describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which :-
Figure 1 is a plan showing the preferred mode of forming the cylindrical part of
a night light case, and
Figures 2 to 11 are vertical sections, of which Figures 2 and 3 represent the
cylindrical parts without the bottoms, and the remaining figures represent complete
night light cases.
In carrying our invention into effect we form the cylindrical part a of the case,
of paper in any ordinary manner; preferably employing a single length of cemented
paper coiled around a mandrel two or more times, so as to have several layers with
only two ends, as represented at Figure 1.
In order to correctly adjust the position of the bottom and fix it solidly in place,
we according to one method, provide means whereby the botton, when being
applied to the cylindrical part of the case, is forced down to a bearing or seat.
For this purpose we form either an internal annular recess a¹ as shown at
Figures 2 and 4, or an internal annular projection a' as shown at Figures 3 and 5,
at the required distance from the bottom of the cylinder a, and we employ,
especially in the case of an internal recess, a bottom 6 of cardboard or other
material slightly larger in diameter than the inner diameter of the cylinder a, but
which when forced into the latter, will, when opposite the recess a', spring into it
and thereby obtain a firm seat in the required position. In the case of employing
an annular inwardly projecting seat as shown at Figures 3 and 5, the bottom 6 will
be forced down to a seat thereon.

page_text: Another method is to fix as shown at Figure 6, at the bottom of the cylinder a,.
a ring a³ of cardboard or other material, the lower edge of which is flush or other-
wise with the bottom edge of the cylinder a, whilst the upper edge is at the
required height to form a seat for the bottom, which is forced into the cylinder a as
before described.
Or, as shown at Figure 7, a bottom of cardboard, metal or other material,.
having a narrow cylindrical flange of the depth required to support the bottom
of the case, may be forced to or into the bottom of the cylindrical part a of the
case, so that the cylindrical flange b' shall be flush or otherwise with the lower edge
of the cylindrical part a of the case.
According to another modification, as represented at Figure 8 a metal bottom b
may be used which is provided with a narrow flange to fit around the lower edge
of the cylinder a, and which is forced inwards or crimped to securely, and closely
connect the bottom band cylinder a together. In this modification, in order to
afford lateral or radial support to the cylinder a at its lower edge for the crimping
operation, we form an annular recess around the bottom to receive the lower
edge of the cylinder a, by forming the "bottom" of the case standing up a short
distance from the lower edge of the cylinder a, as shown. The depth of the outer
flange may be somewhat varied so long as the required radial support is afforded.
If desired with the form of parts shown at Figure 8, the bottom & may be secured
to the cylinder a by simply cementing the latter in position within the flange b².
Or the metal bottom may extend in a plane. or thereabouts with the bottom
edge of the cylinder a as shown at Figure 9 in which case the flange 6³ is deeper
than that shown at Figure 8 and the cylinder is simply cemented in position within
such bottom and in such case the flanged bottom may be made of paper or other
inaterial.
In all the modifications the bottoms bare preferably slightly dish formed or
concave as shown to cause the melted material to flow towards the centre and they
may be centrally perforated, as shown at Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 11, to receive
the wick, or recessed to receive the wick, or to receive both wick and sustainer, as
shown at Figure 8 and the space, if any, left below the "bottoms" b may be filled
with plaster or other material as shown at Figures 10 and 11 and as is. well
understood.
In all cases, except that described in respect to Figure 8, the "bottoms" bare
hermetically secured in position by the aid of suitable cement, but even in that case
cement would give an additional security, and, if desired, an external strengthening
hoop may be applied to the cylindrical part a of the case around the part
surrounding the bottom b, as shown at Figure 6, but which shall be of such width
as to avoid interfering with the translucency of the case where such is desired;
this outer hoop e may also be employed, as shown at Figure 10 to strengthen the
lower part of the cylinder a and at the same time to receive the bottom 6 which fits
tightly within the same, and which fits or abuts against the lower edge of the
cylinder a.
When employing a bottom 6 having a cylindrical flange 61, the latter may be
placed above the bottom b, as shown at Figure 11 instead of below the same as
shown at Figure 7, and the ring a³ supporting the bottom 6 of Figure 6 may also be
reversed in position.
It will be evident that in some of the modifications the bottoms b may be forced
into position from either the upper or the lower edge of the cylinder a.
If desired the cylinders a, as well as the bottoms b, may in some instances be
formed of other material than paper.
The material employed in the manufacture of the cylindrical parts a of the
cases may be made waterproof, waxproof, greaseproof, or fireproof, and it may be
enamelled and colored and, if desired, made translucent, or some or any of these
properties may be imparted to the cases either during or after manufacture.
We would here remark that we are aware that cases for night and other like
lights have heretofore been made of cylinders having plain bottoms forced therein

page_text: and cemented in position, but such cases have hitherto lacked the exactitude,
strength, safety, cleanliness and durability obtained by our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
The manufacture and use of the herein described cases for night lights or other
like. lights and respectively illustrated in the respective figures shown in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated August 20th 1894.
GEO. C. FOWLER,
M. B. FOWLER,
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.