IMPROVED MACHINERY, APPARATUS, AND TOOLS FOR OPERATING ON METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MODE OF APPLYING AND WORKING THE SAME FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRESSING, SHAPING, AND FINISHING SUCH MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Beynon, of No. 19, Salisbury.
1
Street, Adelphi, Strand, London, W.C., Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVED MACHINERY, APPARATUS, AND TOOLS FOR OPERATING ON
METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MODE OF
APPLYING AND WORKING THE SAME FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRESSING, SHAPING,
AND FINISHING SUCH MATERIALS."
Sealed the 25th February 1876, and dated the 4th September 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William
Beynon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 4th September 1875.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM BEYNON, of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Adelphi,
Strand, London, W.C., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY, APPARATUS, AND TOOLS FOR
OPERATING ON METALS AND OTHER Materials and Substances, and IN THE MODE
OF APPLYING AND WORKING THE SAME FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRESSING, SHAPING,
AND FINISHING SUCH MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
i
The improved machinery or apparatus and the cutting and other tools

page_text: and instruments to be applied to and in connection therewith and to be
rotated or worked therefrom or thereby consists of a shaft or spindle, upon
-each-end of which is fitted "socket-like" a handle so that the instru-
ment may be held in the two hands of the operator; -or--the handles_
may be fitted securely upon a central steel shaft, upon or over which a
socket or tube is fitted so as to revolve freely around the central shaft or
spindle.
When the shaft or spindle revolves freely within the socket handles
one or both ends of such shaft or spindle may have a square or other
socket within the end thereof for receiving a cutting, shaping, or
polishing instrument which will overhang or project from beyond the
handle. Upon the revolving shaft is fitted and secured first a pulley or
sheave by which the shaft is rotated by means of a suitable band passing
thereover and receiving its motion from a driving pulley at a suitable
speed for operating the revolving, cutting, or other instrument fitted
upon the same shaft at a suitable distance therefrom, and which cutting
or other instrument may either be of cylindrical or other shape, having
teeth or other suitably shaped cutting surface or surfaces there around
and at the ends thereof when desired.
"
"
For cutting flat surfaces a cylindrical form of cutter may be used
and the same form of instrument may be applied for operating upon
curved surfaces or surfaces of irregular shape, and the ends of the
cylindrical or other cutter having radiating or other forms of cutting
surfaces thereupon may be applied for operating upon the edges or sides
of small objects. Cutters with hollow or other curved surfaces may be s
substituted for cutters of cylindrical shape, indeed the forms of the
cutters to be employed--may--be-varied, and any suitable, simple, [and
compound form or shape of cutter may be applied either-upon-the-
revolving spindle aforesaid or upon the socket tube or sleeve before
mentioned, when the central spindle and handles are secured together.
and the revolving motion from the driving pulley is communicated to
the driven pulley and so to the cutter, both-being_fitted_to_the freely
revolving tube, socket, or sleeve contained within the length or distance.
between the two handles.
The machinery, apparatus, or tool described is intended to be held by
the operator by means of the two handles at the extremities thereof,

page_text: work intended to be operated upon, and is capable of being moved in
the arc of a circle of which the lower end of the driving band or lower
portion of the periphery of the pulley forms the centre.
To enable the instrument to be applied and worked efficiently a high
velocity of rotation is necessary, and an elastic driving band, such as
vulcanized india-rubber, is requisite to enable the movement of the
instrument or apparatus and the pressure upon the object being operated
upon to be varied, and also because of the application and use of drills
and such like small cutting and polishing instruments to be applied at
or from one or both ends of the central revolving spindle by which
angular drilling and such like operations may be readily performed; and
as saws and sawing instruments may be applied centrally, between the
handles and be substituted for cutters and other forms of instruments,
so also overhanging saws of suitable size, rose cutters, countersinks, and
other instruments may also be applied and worked from beyond the .
handles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George William Beynon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WILLIAM BEYNON, of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Adelphi, Strand,
London, W.C., Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Fourth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George William Beynon,
Her special licence that I, the said George William Beynon, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George William Beynon, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time

page_text: and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY, APPARATUS, AND TOOLS FOR
OPERATING ON METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MODE
OF APPLYING AND WORKING THE SAME FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRESSING, SHAPING,
AND FINISHING SUCH MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said George William Beynon, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George William Beynon, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of
Drawings :-
The improved machinery or apparatus, and the cutting and other tools
and instruments to be applied to and in connection therewith and to be
rotated or worked therefrom or thereby consists of a shaft or spindle, upon
each end of which is fitted "socket-like" a handle so that the instrument
may be held in the two hands of the operator; or the handles may be
fitted securely upon a central steel shaft, upon or over which a socket or
tube is fitted (forming a sleeve) so as to revolve freely around the
central shaft or spindle.
When the shaft or spindle revolves freely within the socket handles
'one or both ends of each shaft or spindle may have a square or other
socket within the end thereof for receiving a cutting, shaping, or

page_text: may either be of cylindrical or other shape, having teeth or other
suitably shaped cutting surface or surfaces therearound and also at the
ends thereof when desired.
For cutting flat surfaces a cylindrical form of cutter with parallel
cutting surfaces may be used, and the same form of instrument may be
applied for operating upon a curved surface or surfaces of irregular
shape, and the ends of the cylindrical or other cutter having radiating or
other forms of cutting surfaces thereupon may be applied for operating
upon the edges or sides of small objects. Cutters with hollow or other
curved surfaces may be substituted for cutters of cylindrical shape ;
indeed the forms of the cutters to be employed may be varied, and any
suitable, simple, and compound form or shape of cutter may be applied
either upon the revolving spindle aforesaid or upon or be fitted into the
socket tube or sleeve before mentioned;- the central spindle and handle
are secured together, and the revolving motion from the driving pulley
is communicated to the driven pulley and so to the cutter, both being
fitted to the freely revolving tube, socket, or, sleeve contained within the
length or distance between the two handles.
The machinery, apparatus, or tool described is intended to be held by
the operator by means of the two handles at the extremities thereof,
much as a spokeshave is held and operated, following the surface of the
work intended to be operated upon, and is capable of being moved in
the arc of a circle of which the lower end of the driving band or lower
portion of the periphery of the pulley forms the centre for the purpose
of transverse motion, whilst it forms the limit of motion within the arc
range which is only varied by the manual force employed within the
limits of the elasticity or stretching quality of the elastic driving band
employed.
To enable the instrument to be applied and worked efficiently a high
velocity of rotation is necessary, and an elastic driving band, such as
vulcanized india-rubber, is requisite to enable the movement of the
instrument or apparatus, and the pressure upon the object being
operated upon to be varied, and also because of the application and
use of drills and such like small cutting and polishing instruments
to be applied at or from one or both ends of the central revolving
spindle, by which angular drilling and such like operations may be
readily performed, and as saws and sawing instruments may be applied

page_text: centrally between the handles and substituted for cutters and other
forms of instruments, so also overhanging saws of suitable size, rose
cutters, countersinks, and other instruments may also be applied and
worked from beyond the handles.
In all cases the cutting or other instruments can be readily removed"ō
from the apparatus and others substituted with facility.
Besides the application of the apparatus described for the purpose
of operating upon and dressing metal surfaces, similar apparatus may
be employed with advantage for operating upon and working the
surfaces of stone, wood, and other materials, and for working tracery 1
of mouldings and enrichments and other architectural features in
buildings and building materials, and be employed for the restoration
of such architectural works in situations where the use of the chisel
and percussive tools could not with advantage be employed.
In each case the nature of the revolving cutting instrument employed 1
must be varied with the nature of the material to be operated upon; as
also the speed at which it has to be driven or rotated.
"
For the purpose of dressing or redressing the faces of millstones for
corn grinding and other purposes, and also for operating upon surfaces
where from their form and position the use or employment of a long 2
spindle or revolving bar having the handles or means of holding the
same for operating it and keeping it up to the work to be done, the two
.handles are at the ends thereof, as-previously described, I arrange and
dispose the two handles parallel to each other, and each end of each
handle is employed to support one end of each of two short spindles or 2
shafts-which-when-fitted-together;-form-the-two-parallel-handles-and-
an independent and portable frame or machine, the one spindle of which
may have upon it a socket or sleeve upon which is keyed or secured
two pulleys each grooved, the one to receive the driving belt from the
driving pulley, and the other a short endless band for conveying_the_3
driving motion to a second grooved pulley upon the second spindle,
which has also fitted upon. it (and rotated thereby) the cutting or
abraiding instrument, cutter, saw, or other instrument, which by its
revolution and cutting surface, and the pressure and direction of the
operator is caused to act upon the surface upon which such. cutter or 3
revolving instrument is brought.to bear.

page_text: For the purpose of mustrating some of the applications of my presen
Invention I have in the accompanying Sheet. of Drawings shown two
modifications of the apparatus, which are illustrated by Figures 1, 2,
and 3, and I have also shown in the several Figures numerically following
Figure 3 some few illustrations of the varieties of cutting and operating
instruments which may be fitted upon the apparatus, either between
the operating handles or at one or at both ends of the revolving
spindle or shaft of such apparatus within the projecting socket .or end
thereof.
In Figure 1 a cylindrical cutter is shown; in Figure 2 a cutting disc is
shown; whilst Figures 4 and 5 show revolving cutters of other forms, and
are intended to be mounted between the handles.
Figure 6 is a revolving disc (or plates) made in two portions so as to
firmly hold therein one or more hard cutting points, such as a diamond
or diamonds, and other such cutters for millstone dressing and the like
purposes, and such a cutting instrument as Figure 6 of suitable diameter
may be mounted in such an apparatus as that shown in Figures 2 and 3
instead of the larger disc cutter there shown as fitted between the
handles forming the side frames.
Figure 7 is an edge view, and Figure 8 a face view of a revolving saw
cutter intended to be fitted and applied to the overhanging socket end
of the revolving spindle of either Figures 1 or 2.
Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 are different forms of revolving cutters
intended to be fitted on to the revolving spindle of either Figsure 1 or 2.
Figures 14 to 21, both inclusive, are illustrations of some of the forms
of boring, drilling, countersinking, and other working or dressing in-
struments intended to be fitted into the socket ends, and to overhang
or project beyond the end or ends of the revolving spindles of Figures
1 and 2.
In Figure 1 (a) is the revolving spindle on each end of which is fitted
a handle (6), so as to freely revolve within them; (c) the groove band
pulley for receiving the elastic band (d); (e) the socket or sleeve fitted
upon and secured to the revolving shaft or spindle (a), and shown as
held in position by means of the set nut (ƒ) which secures it against a
shoulder; (g) being the revolving cutter, which in Figure 1 is shown as

page_text: cylindrical in shape with its parallel surfaces grooved spirally with
cutting surfaces thereon.
Figure 2 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a modification of
Figure 1, in which the handles or means-of-holding-the-instrument or
apparatus up to its work are shown as forming, in conjunction with the
two parallel spindles, the frame of such apparatus, and by which means
a greater freedom of action and range of movement in the hands of the
operator may be secured and compound movements.effected; (a) is the
revolving sleeve or socket fitted upon and freely revolving around the
fixed stretcher bar or spindle, by which the two handles (b, b,) are held
securely together at one end whilst (a) is the revolving spindle fitted to
the opposite ends of the handles (b, b,); (c) is the revolving band
pulley, receiving its motion from the driving pulley through the elastic
band (d) and upon the same socket or sleeve (a) is secured a second
band pulley (c), which has a short endless band (d') employed for
transmitting the motion of the pulley (c) through the socket or
sleeve (a) and the band pulley (c) to the driven band pulley (c¹) which
is fitted securely upon the revolving spindle (a¹), and which has upon it
a set nut (f) for securing the revolving disc cutter (g) against a suitable
shoulder or enlargement on the spindle (a').
In both Figures 1 and 2 the socket for receiving the drill. or other
overhanging cutter or instrument is defined by the letter (/).
Figure 3 is a side view of Figure 2, and shows the disposition of the
driving bands (d-and-d¹)..
In Figures 2 and 3, however, instead of the socket or sleeve (a) being
fitted between the handles (b, b,) and the driven pulley (c) being also
mounted-between thic handles (b, b), there may be substituted for the
fixed stay or spindle, shown in Figure 2, a revolving spindle, upon the one-
end of which and outside the handle may be mounted securely upon
such spindle a band pulley similar to (c), so that the instrument
_ contained within the frame, similar to Figures 2 and 3, may be used or
employed by the operator manipulating-it-from-one-side of the driving
band which would be clear of the band of the operator, and enable the
frame and cutting instrument to be freely disengaged therefrom without
the removal of one of the handles or the separation of the framework,
or by the disconnection of the endless driving band.

page_text: Another modification which I propose for certain purposes is in
substituting for the arrangement shown in Figures 2 and 3, and the
disposition of the driving and transmitting gear there shown, the
substitution of an intermediate driving shaft in the centre of the
5 handles (b, b,) and passing through one of them with the band
pulley (c) overhanging or projectiug beyond one handle, and the
substitution of wheel gearing for the band wheel (c') the endless
band (d) and the small band pulley (c"), so that in using the instru-
ment or apparatus it will be held in both hands, similar to Figures 2
) and 3, but the spindle would pass between the fingers of the hand
firmly holding the one handle (6). In this case the wheel gearing may
either be spur or bevil wheels. In some cases the central motion spindle
may pass across (between the handles) and work in suitable bearings
therein, and the opposite end of such spindle to that to which the
5 driving pulley is fitted may be provided with a socket; for receiving an
overhanging and projecting tool or instrument.
.
Tanite and emery wheels, "laps," or burnishers, may be substituted
for toothed and other cutting instruments, and be applied to either part
or portion of the instrument or apparatus, as before described.
Where revolving cutters or tools with serrated cutting surfaces are
employed for dressing or surfacing metals, for example, helically
arranged or disposed teeth are preferred for producing a shearing instead,
of a chopping action upon the surface operated upon.
For the purpose of "setting up" the dressing of mill stones, or for
6 redressing mill stones, the "working" is set out, and suitable guide
strips and bearing pieces are laid on the face of the stone, and the
cutting instrument is laid upon and guided over them by the hands of
the operator, whilst the revolving cutting tool containing the "diamond"
or "bort," or other cutting points, do their work in the usual manner,
O and to the required depth under regulation by the aid of the adjustable
regulating strips or guide pieces, which may each have a set screw or
wedge piece fitted thereto or at each end thereof.
Suitably formed guide rollers or antifriction rollers may be applied to

page_text: handles of the apparatus. This additional appliance may also be
employed for "striking up" or working out mouldings or beadings, and
such lines of work or dressings to be effected in stone or other materials
-employed-for-architectural,-sculptural, or other purposes_of_ornament
ation, and for such like purposes, and whether the materials are
operated upon are prepared before being placed in situ or, after they
have been so placed, and form part of a building or other structure.
For stone carving and tracing work I prefer to employ the kind or
description Sheet of (instrument or apparatus shown by Figs. 2 and
3 on the accompanying Drawings, or any suitable modification thereof,
in which the apparatus is held by and between the hands of the operator
in closer proximity, and may be used or employed vertically or horizon-
tally, and in which the cutting or other instrument is mounted on a
second spindle or shaft, and projects from or in front of the hands of the
operator, and the drills, reamers, rose bits, or other instruments fitted
into the end or ends of the second spindle may be used and applied in a
similar manner and for the purposes herein-before set forth.
•
In each of the instruments a portable shield or cover may be applied
to and over the revolving cutter or tool mounted upon the spindle or
sleeve working. between the handles of such instrument or apparatus, so.
as to prevent the cuttings or the dust abraded from the materials operated
upon being discharged or dissipated in the face of the operator or mani-
pulator:
I have in the accompanying Drawing in the Figures 4 to 21, both
inclusive, shown a variety of cutters, tools, and instruments intended to
be applied to and fitted in or on the improved machinery and apparatus
-herein-before- described, and as illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3, but I.
wish it to be understood that I do not hereby make any claim for any or
either of such instruments; but what I claim is,―
First. The improved machinery or apparatus herein described, or any
mere modification thereof, for the purpose of operating on metals and
other materials and substances as herein, set forth.
'Secondly. The improved machinery and apparatus illustrated in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings by Figures 1, 2, and 3, or any mere
modification thereof, for operating on metals and other materials and

page_text: substances, and for the purpose of working, dressing, shaping, or finishing
such materials, as herein described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George William Beynon, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
six.
GEORGE WILLIAM BEYNON. (L.S.)
Witness,
H. H. M. SMITH,
Assistant to Mr. W. Smith, C.E.,
19, Salisbury Street,
Strand,
W.C.