IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS BANDS, CORDS, OR ROPES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leedham Binns, of Oakenshaw, near Bradford,
in the County of York, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS BANDS, CORDS, OR ROPES,
AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leedham Binns at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st November 1872.
I, LEEDHAM BINNS, of Oakenshaw, near Bradford, in the County of
3 York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS BANDS, CORDS, OR
ROPES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
.
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
endless bands, cords, or ropes, and in machinery or apparatus to be
employed therein. Hitherto endless bands, cords, or ropes have been gene-
rally manufactured of india-rubber, gutta percha, cord, or other material
cut into lengths, the ends of which have been cemented or otherwise
fastened together; but according to my Invention I manufacture endless

page_text: bands, cords, or ropes complete without the necessity for connecting the
ends thereof together after the separate previous manufacture of the
cord, rope, or band. For this purpose I employ yarn, twist cord, wire,
or other desired material. Any of these materials I wrap a sufficient
number of times around guides or pulleys, with the strands thereof lying
close together, until the desired size and strength for the core of the
desired endless band, cord, or rope are obtained. I then sever the
material forming the core from its source of supply, and I cement the
end or ends of the core to the other strands thereof, or I simply pass it
or them through such strands. After the core has been thus formed I
connect thereto the ends of one, two, or more strands of material to form
the covering of the desired band, cord, or rope, and I wrap, twist, or
braid such covering strands around the core until it arrives at or a little
beyond the place or places where the covering material was first applied
to the core; the ends are then severed from the source of supply and
fastened off.
When using more than one strand of covering material I wrap or
twist such strands in contrary directions around the core.
Endless bands, cords, or ropes according to my Invention may be
made by hand, but for the sake of speed, economy, and efficiency I
employ machinery or apparatus arranged in the following manner :-I
cause the material forming the core to pass from its source of supply to
and around suitable guide wheels or pulleys, one of which is capable of
being moved nearer to or farther from the other or others, according to
the length required for the endless band, cord, or rope, and I fasten the
end or ends of material forming the core so as to form an endless band
thereof. I then give rotary motion to these guides wheels or pulleys so
as to draw off the material forming the core from its source of supply,
and wrap it a sufficient number of times around the guide wheels or
pulleys until the desired size and strength of core are obtained; the
motion of this part of the machinery or apparatus is then automatically
stopped, and the end or ends of the core fastened off.
The covering material is carried by a bobbin or bobbins mounted on a
wheel or wheels revolving on a hollow shaft or boss placed between two
of the guide wheels or pulleys in such position that the core shall pass
through the centre of the wheels carrying the covering material. The
covering material has any desired strain put thereon, as will be well
understood, and after the end or ends thereof have been connected to

page_text: the core rotary motion is given to the wheel or wheels carrying the
covering material and to the guide wheels or pulleys carrying the core,
so as to cause the covering material to be wrapped or twisted in contrary
directions around the core until it arrives at or a little beyond the point
where the covering material was first applied, when the motions of the
machinery or apparatus are automatically stopped. The end or ends of
the covering material are then fastened off, and the finished endless band,
cord, or rope removed from the machine, for which purpose I form the
hollow boss or shaft of the wheel or wheels carrying the covering
material, as also such wheel or wheels with a split or opening therein,
or I form such wheel or wheels in two parts capable of being
readily connected or disconnected with each other. Each strand of the
covering material may be wrapped or twisted more than once along the
entire length of the endless band, cord, or rope, and when using more
than one strand of covering material they may be simultaneously
wrapped or twisted around the core in opposite directions to each other,
or one or more strands may be first wrapped or twisted around the core
in one direction, and afterwards one or more strands may be wrapped or
twisted around the core in the opposite direction. In the former case I
use two wheels to carry the bobbins of covering material, and they
receive simultaneous rotary motion in contrary.directions to each other,
whilst in the latter case only one of such wheels would be required,
which would first be caused to rotate in one direction, and after it had
wrapped or twisted the covering material around the core in the one
direction, it would then be caused to rotate in the contrary direction to
wrap or twist the covering material in such direction around the first
covering material.
A guide is fixed to the wheel or wheels carrying the covering material
for the purpose of giving support to the core at the point where the
covering material is wrapped or twisted around it.
If desired, instead of wrapping or twisting the covering material
around the core, it may be braided or plaited around it by mechanism of
a similar construction to that employed in covering certain descriptions.
of window cord.
By employing different proportions of gearing the covering material
may be wrapped, twisted, plaited, or braided around the core in a more
or less open or close manner, as may be desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Leedham Binns in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEEDHAM
BINNS, of Oakenshaw, near Bradford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Leedham Binns, Her special
license that I, the said Leedham Binns, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Leedham Binns, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ENDLESS BANDS, CORDS, OR ROPES, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the. condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Leedham Binns, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leedham Binns, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
endless bands, cords, or ropes, and in machinery or apparatus to be
employed therein. Hitherto endless bands, cords, or ropes have been
generally manufactured of india-rubber, gutta percha, cord, or other
material cut into lengths, the ends of which have been cemented or

page_text: .
otherwise fastened together, but according to my Invention I manufac-
ture endless bands, cords, or ropes complete without the necessity for
connecting the ends thereof together after the separate previous manu-
facture of the cord, rope, or band. For this purpose I employ yarn,
twist, cord, wire, or other desired material. Any of these materials I
wrap or wind a sufficient number of times around guides or pulleys,
with the strands thereof lying close together, until the desired size and
strength for the core of the desired endless band, cord, or rope are
obtained. I then sever the material forming the core from its source of
supply, and I cement the end or ends of the core to the other strands
thereof, or I simply pass it or them through such strands or otherwise
fasten them off. After the core has been thus formed I connect thereto
the ends of one, two, or more strands of material to form the covering
of the desired band, cord, or rope, and I wrap, wind, twist, or braid such
covering strands around the core until it arrives at or a little beyond the
place or places where the covering material was first applied to the core.
The end or ends are then severed from the source of supply and fastened
off in any suitable manner.
When using more than one strand of covering material I wrap, wind,
or twist such strands in contrary directions around the core.
Endless bands, cords, or ropes, according to my Invention, may be
made by hand, but for the sake of speed, economy, and efficiency, I
employ machinery or apparatus arranged in the following manner:-
I cause the material forming the core to pass from its source of supply
to and around suitable guide wheels or pulleys, one of which is capable
of being moved nearer to or farther from the other or others, accord-
ing to the length required for the endless band, cord, or 1ope, and
I fasten the end or ends of material forming the core so as to form an
endless band thereof. I then give rotary motion to these guide wheels
or pulleys so as to draw off the material forming the core from its source
of supply, and wrap or wind it a sufficient number of times around the
guide wheels or pulleys until the desired size and strength of core are
obtained. The motion of the machinery or apparatus is then automati-
cally stopped and the end or ends of the core fastened off.
The covering material is carried by a bobbin or bobbins mounted on a
wheel or wheels revolving on a hollow shaft or boss placed between two
of the guide wheels or pulleys in such position that the core shall pass

page_text: through the centre of the wheel or wheels carrying the covering material.
The covering material has any desired strain put thereon, as will be well
understood, and after the end or ends thereof have been connected to
the core rotary motion is given to the wheel or wheels carrying the
covering material and to the guide wheels or pulleys carrying the core,
so as to cause the covering material to be wrapped, wound, or twisted in
contrary directions around the core until it arrives at or a little beyond
the point where the covering material was first applied when the motions
of the machinery or apparatus are automatically stopped. The end or
ends of the covering material are then fastened off, and the finished
endless band, cord, or rope removed from the machine, for which purpose
I form the hollow boss or shaft of the wheel or wheels carrying the
covering material, as also such wheel or wheels with a split or opening
therein, or I form such wheel or wheels in two parts capable of being
readily connected or disconnected with each other. Each strand of the
covering material may be wrapped, wound, or twisted more than once
along the entire length of the endless band, cord, or rope, and when
using more than one strand of covering material they may be simul-
taneously wrapped, wound, or twisted around the core in opposite
directions to each other, or one or more strands may be first wrapped,
wound, or twisted around the core in one direction, and afterwards one
or more strands may be wrapped, wound, or twisted. around the core in
the opposite direction. In the former case I use two wheels to carry the
bobbins of covering material, and they receive simultaneous rotary
motion in contrary directions to each other, whilst in the latter case only
one of such wheels would be required, which would first be caused to
rotate in one direction, and after it had wrapped, wound, or twisted the
covering material around the core in the one direction it would then be
caused to rotate in the contrary direction to wrap, wind, or twist the
covering material in such direction around the first covering material.
A guide is fixed to the wheel or wheels carrying the covering material
for the purpose of giving support to the core at the point where the
covering material is wrapped, wound, or twisted around it.
If desired, instead of wrapping, winding, or twisting the covering
material around the core, it may be braided or plaited around it by
mechanism of a similar construction to that employed in covering certain
descriptions of window cord.

page_text: may be wrapped, wound, twisted, plaited, or braided around the core in
a more or less open or close manner as may be desired.
And in order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying
Drawings, more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front view; Figure 2 is a plan; Figures 3 and 4 are opposite
end views; and Figure 5 is a sectional view of machinery or apparatus
constructed according to my Invention. Figure 6 is a plan, and
Figures 7 and 8 are elevations showing a modification of part of my
Invention.
In the manufacture of endless bands, cords, or ropes, according to my
Invention, I employ any description of material suitable to the particular
use to which the endless band, cord, or rope is to be applied. For the
core I use a material capable of resisting the strain which the endless
band, cord, or rope may be required to bear, whilst for the covering I
employ a material capable of resisting the wear and friction to which
the endless band, cord, or rope may be subjected.
In some cases I make the core of an endless band, cord, or rope of
No. 4 single cotton wound upon a reel or bobbin A, whilst the covering
thereof is made of twenty fold 20 cotton cord wound upon the
bobbins B, C. If desired however instead of employing No. 4 single
cotton wound upon the reel or bobbin A for the core such material may
be supplied to the machines from one or a number of cops or pirns
mounted upon any suitable standard, as will be well understood, or other
descriptions of material may be employed to form endless bands, cords,
or ropes according to my Invention.
•
In any case however it must be understood that I form the core and
covering of the endless band, cord, or rope of material fine enough to
prevent the ends thereof forming any appreciable difference in the size
of the endless band, cord, or rope where they occur.
In forming an endless band, cord, or rope by the machinery shown in
the Drawings I take the end of the yarn or thread from the reel or
bobbin A and pass it between the pins a, a, and eye a¹ to put suitable
strain thereon.

page_text: If desired the pins a may have threaded theron felt or cloth washers,
between which the thread or yarn from the bobbin or reel A may be
passed to put extra friction thereon, as will be well understood.
From the eye a¹ the end of the thread or yarn to form the core is
taken over the guide wheel or pulley b, thence through the hole in the
boss or bearing c to the guide wheel or pulley d, partly around which it
is passed, and then returns to the guide wheel or pulley b, after which it
is connected to another part of the same yarn or. thread so as to form an
endless band thereof around the two guide wheels or pulleys band d.
Rotary motion is then communicated to the guide wheels or pulleys b, d,
in the following manner to cause a sufficient quantity of thread or yarn
to form the core to be drawn off from the reel or bobbin A and to be
wrapped or wound around the guide wheels or pulleys b, d. A strap or
band from a suitable driving shaft passes around the driving pulley e¹
fixed on the shaft or axis e, and thereby gives motion to such shaft or
axis e, and consequently to the guide wheel or pulley b, which by means
of a band or cord f communicates rotary motion to the guide wheel or
pulley d. The band or cord f is passed partly around guide wheels g,
so as to escape the boss or bearing c and the wheels and discs mounted
thereon. In some cases however I find it desirable to communicate
motion from one guide wheel b or d to the other by means of suitable
toothed gearing, as will be well understood.
In order that the machinery or apparatus shall automatically stop
when the required amount of material has been wrapped or wound
around the guide wheels or pulleys b, d, to form the core of the intended
endless band, cord, or rope, I fix on the shaft or axis e a worm or
screw e, which takes into and gives rotary motion to the worm wheel li.
On this worm wheel his fixed a cam or incline h', which at the required
time raises a bar h², and thereby lifts the fork bar i, so as to permit it
by the action of a spring to slide in its bearings in the uprights &³, ³,
and thereby shift the driving strap or band i* from the driving pulley e¹
to the loose pulley e³, and thereby stop the motion of the machine.
The end of the yarn or thread from the bobbin A or from other
source of supply is then fastened off in any suitable manner, or it may
be simply passed through the bulk of yarn or thread forming the core,
or in some cases it will retain its position by simple contact with the
bulk of the core.

page_text: The ends of thread or other material to form the covering of the
endless band, cord, or rope are then taken from the bobbins or reels
B, C, and passed through the eyes j', k¹, fixed in the discs j, k, and
thence around the knobs or buttons j², k³, according to the strain desired
to be put on the covering material. From the last of these knobs or
buttons j, k, the covering material is passed through eyes in the
guides, ³, and is then fastened to the core of the intended endless
band, cord, or rope. When this is effected the fork bar is by hand
slided in its bearings in the uprights, l, so as to shift the driving
strap 1* on to the driving pulley m¹ fixed on the shaft or axis m.
On
this shaft or axis m is also fixed a worm or screw m³, which takes into
and gives a slow rotary motion to the toothed wheel de fixed on the
shaft or axis d³, on which shaft is also fixed a toothed or ratchet wheel d³.
The motion of the shaft or axis d' is communicated to the guide wheel
or pulley & when the covering is being applied to the endless band, cord,
or rope by the ratchet wheel d³ pushing against the driver d' fixed to
the wheel d, but when the core is being formed around the guide
wheels b and d motion is communicated to the wheel d by the band f,
and the driver d' then simply slips over the ratchet wheel d³ without
communicating any motion to the shaft or axis d¹.
It will thus be seen that when the core is being formed around the
wheels b, d, a comparatively fast speed is given to such wheels by the
strap acting upon the driving wheel e¹, and thereby giving direct
motion to the wheel b; but when the core is completed, and the covering
is being applied to the endless band, cord, or rope a slower speed is given
to the wheels b, d, by the driving band * acting upon the driving
wheel m', and through the intervention of the worm or screw m³ giving
a slow rotary motion to the shaft or axis d', and therefore, as before
described, to the wheel d. On the shaft or axis m are also fixed toothed
wheels m*, m³. The wheel m' gears directly with, and gives rotary
motion to the toothed wheel n, to which the disc j is fixed, and the
toothed wheel m³, by means of an intermediate pinion m³, gives rotary
motion to the toothed wheel o, to which the disc is fixed, but in con-
trary direction to that of the toothed wheel n and disc j. Thus the
covering material from the bobbin or reel B is wrapped or wound around
the core in one direction, and that from the bobbin or reel C is wrapped
or wound around the core in the contrary direction. The toothed
wheels n, o, are mounted on the boss or bearing c, and the discs j, k, are

page_text: respectively screwed or otherwise fixed to the wheels n, o, collars c¹
screwed to the boss or bearing c being employed to retain the wheels n, o,
securely in position on the boss c, as shown more clearly at Figure 5.
In order that the motions of the machinery or apparatus may be
automatically stopped as soon as the covering material has been com-
pletely applied around the core I fix on the shaft or axis e a toothed
pinion e, which takes into and gives rotary motion to the toothed
wheel p, which is mounted on a stud p', which is fixed with capability
of being shifted in position on the upright i² for the purpose herein-after
explained. On the side of the toothed wheel p is fixed a cam or incline p²,
which at the required time acts to raise a slide ², the upper end of which
will lift the fork bar in its bearings and permit it by the action of a
spring to be slided in its bearings so as to shift the driving strap (*
from the fast pulley m¹ to the loose pulley m³, and thereby stop the
motions of the machine.
I would here remark however that in making short endless bands I
prefer not to use the last-mentioned stopping apparatus, but to stop the
mechanism by hand.
The fork bars and are provided with notches & and 15 to hold them
in position when either of the driving straps i*, *, is acting upon its
respective driving pulley e¹, m¹.
This arrange-
In order that the slide may not be moved up and down at every
revolution of the toothed wheel p when the core is being formed around
the guide wheels b, d, I cause the slide to be lifted above the line of
action of the cam p³ by means of an inclined notch or recess i* in the
fork bar i acting on a stud or pin fixed in the slide 1.
ment has also the effect of preventing the possibility of the two driving
straps *, *, acting simultaneously on the driving pulleys e¹, m². When
the covering material is being applied to the core of the endless band,
cord, or rope, the fork bar i being moved to the right hand, causes the
deep part of the inclined notch to come underneath the stud or pin >,
and thereby permits the slide to fall into position to be acted upon by
the cam p³, the fork bar & being then capable of being slidden to the left
hand and of being retained in that position until the cam p² by means
of the slide lifts it in its bearings, and raises the notch therein above
or on a level with the bearing in the upright ², when the fork bar / will
be moved in its bearings as before described by the spring P.

page_text: The guides j, k, at their forked ends serve to give support to the
endless band, cord, or rope during the wrapping of the covering material
around it, the endless band, cord, or rope passing between the two parts
of such forked ends.
By varying the proportions of the screw e³ and wheel h the thickness
or number of strands of the core can be regulated, and by varying the
proportions of the pinion e* and toothed wheel p the number of times
the covering material is caused to travel around the entire extent of the
endless band, cord, or rope may be adjusted, whilst by varying the pro-
portions of the screw m² and wheel d³ the " pitch" of the covering
material may be adjusted as desired.
Instead of wrapping, twisting, or winding the two threads or strands
of covering material simultaneously around the core by means of the
two discs j, k, and wheels n, o, as before described, only one of such
discs and wheels may be employed, as shewn at Figures 6, 7, 8, in which
case the disc j is caused, as hereafter described, first to revolve in the
direction of the arrow in Figure 8 to wrap, twist, or wind the first
covering material around the core in one direction, and then to revolve
in the direction of the arrow shown at Figure 7 to wrap, twist, or wind
the second covering material around the core and around the first
covering material. For this purpose the shaft or axis m is mounted eccen-
trically in bosses q formed at the ends of arms q', which are connected
together by the cross bar or rod q³, such bosses q being mounted in the
upper ends of the standards q³. One of the arms q₁ has connected
thereto another arm q', in which a stud q is fixed, and on such stud the
pinion q is mounted. The stud q' is prolonged on one side so as to form
a handle by which the pinion 9º can be readily brought into gear with
the wheels m* and n. The operation of this arrangement is as follows:-
When the core has been completed and it is desired to wrap, wind, or
twist the first covering material around it the wheel m* gears directly
with the wheel n, and the pinion q* is thrown out of gear with the
wheel m', as shewn at Figure 8; but when it is desired to apply the
second covering material the handle q* is acted upon by the attendant to
bring the pinion q³ into gear with both wheels m, n, which operation at
the same time by means of the eccentric bearings of the axis m in the
bosses q carries the wheel m* out of gear with the wheel n, a spring
catch being employed to act upon the stud q³ and retain the parts in
this position until the second covering material has been completely

page_text: applied to the endless band, cord, or rope, when by the sliding of the
fork bar towards the right hand to shift the driving strap 1* from the
fast pulley m¹ to the loose pulley m² the cord r¹ pulls the catch r away
from the stud q5, when a spring q' acts to pull the arms q', q', and there-
fore the pinion q* and wheel m* into the position shewn at Figure 8 in
readiness for applying the first covering material to the next endless
band, cord, or rope to be made. I would here remark that other modes
of causing the direction of motion of the disc j to be reversed may be
adopted without departing from the nature of my Invention.
When the covering material has been completely applied to the core I
sever the ends thereof from that on the bobbins or reels B, C, and pass
them through the body of the endless band, cord, or rope a sufficient
number of times to prevent the possibility of the ends becoming loose
and the covering material unwinding or separating from the core, or I
fasten such ends by the aid of any suitable cementing material.
When the endless band, cord, or rope is completed it is slipped off the
guide wheels or pulleys b, d, and is removed from the centre of the
boss c, discs j, k, and wheels m*, m³, by passing it through the slots or
openings formed therein, as shown in the Drawings. Instead however
of forming such wheels and discs with openings as shewn such wheels 2
and discs may be formed in two parts, one part of which will be fixed,
whilst the other part may be connected thereto by a hinge or pin joint,
upon which it is capable of turning to permit of the removal of the
endless band, cord, or rope from the interior thereof, or such moveable
part may be capable of sliding in or upon guides fixed or formed on the
fixed portion, suitable catches or fastenings being employed in any case
to retain the moveable part in position for work.
The length of the endless band, cord, or rope to be made in the
machine may be varied by moving the guide wheel or pulley d and parts
connected therewith further away from the guide wheel or pulley b, or a
by having an extra guide wheel or pulley below the discs j, k, capable
of being raised or lowered, according to the length of endless band, cord,
or rope desired to be produced.
On commencing to form the "core" of the intended endless band, cord,
or rope, care must be taken that the wheel is placed in the proper a
position with the back of its cam or incline h¹ against the lower end of
the slide, and on commencing to apply the covering material to the

page_text: core care must be taken that the wheel p be placed with the back of
its cam or incline p' against the slide in order that the required
quantity of material may be regularly employed in the manufacture of
the endless bands, cords, or ropes made in the machine, thereby insuring
all the endless bands, cords, or ropes being exactly alike.
It will be readily understood that the covering material instead of
being supplied from the bobbins or reels B, C, mounted on pins or studs
fixed in the discs j, k, may be supplied from any desired number of
bobbins or reels carried and operated in a similar manner to a braiding
or plaiting machine so as to braid or plait the covering material around
the core, the parts carrying the "spindles," "pipes," and "tumblers," as
also the central boss or tube, being divided and hinged together to
permit of the withdrawal of the finished band from the machine; but I
have not thought it necessary to further describe such modification of
my Invention, as such will be well understood by a competent mechanic.
It will however be understood that when adopting this mode of covering
the core, that part of the core to which the covering material is being
applied will run in a vertical direction to suit the direction in which the
threads run from the braiding machine.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the mode
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that I
do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn and described,
as such may be varied without departing from the peculiar character of
my Invention; but what I do claim is,—
'
First. The mode substantially as herein described of manufacturing
endless bands, cords, or ropes, whereby they are made complete without
the necessity for their ends (after the separate previous manufacture of
the band, cord, or rope) to be joined together.
Secondly. I claim the mode substantially as herein described of manu-
facturing endless bands, cords, or ropes by first forming the core thereof
and then by wrapping, winding, or twisting, or by braiding or plaiting a
covering around them.
Thirdly. I claim the general arrangement and combination of machi-
nery or apparatus for manufacturing endless bands, cords, or ropes,
substantially as herein shown and described.
Fourthly. I claim in the manufacture of endless bands, cords, or ropes
the employment of guide wheels or pulleys b, d, and of discs j, k, or

page_text: their equivalents arranged and operated in manner substantially as herein
shown and described.
Fifthly. I claim the employment of discs j, k, and wheels n, o, with
slots or openings therein, or with pieces capable of removal therefrom,
as also of the boss c, with a slot or opening therein in manner and for
the purpose substantially as herein shown and described.
Sixthly. I claim the modes substantially as herein shewn and described
of automatically stopping the motions of the machine on the completion.
of the core and on the completion of the covering thereto or any mere
equivalent therefor.
Seventhly. I claim the modes substantially as herein shewn and
described or any mere equivalent therefor of varying the length of the
endless band; cord, or rope, and the bulk of the core, as also of
varying the pitch and length of the covering material wrapped
around the core.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leedham Binns, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.