AN APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAN TILES USED IN BUILDING PURPOSES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Spalding, of Hogsthorpe, near
Alford, in the County of Lincolnshire, for the Invention of "AN
APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAN TILES USED IN
BUILDING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 11th May 1853, and dated the 24th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Spalding
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th November 1852.
I, STEPHEN SPALDING, of Hogsthorpe, near Alford, in the County
of Lincolnshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAN TILES USED
IN BUILDING PURPOSES" to be as follows:
The machine stands on four wheels with a box, on which is a
moveable lid for putting in the clay with a lever attached to stop
the clay from pressing out. The box is furnished with a moveable
end or plunger, worked by a rack for pressing the clay through the
die that forms the tiles. The hole in the die is the shape of the
tile with knob on, and to confine the said knob to the size required
a moveable lever rises and falls on the outside of the die. The
lever has fixed to it a small cog, and a segment (which the machine

page_text: works) comes into contact with it, and causes it to rise until a
sufficient portion of the tile has passed through with a knob on it;
it then falls out of gear, and a weight carries the lever down; the
tile then comes through properly knobbed.
In like manner a similar segment and cog works a wire which
cuts the corner out of the tiles; it is then passed on the receiver,
when a guage shows how far to turn it.
The tiles are then cut into proper lengths, which is done by ver-
tical wires worked from side to side; they are then complete, and set
on the shelves to dry.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Stephen Spalding in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 24th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
STEPHEN SPALDING, of Hogsthorpe, near Alford, in the County of
Lincoln, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Stephen Spalding, Her
special licence that I, the said Stephen Spalding, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Stephen
Spalding, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAN
TILES USED IN BUILDING PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Stephen Spalding, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
* NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stephen Spalding, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement; that is to say: -
My Invention consists of "An Apparatus or Machine for the
Manufacture of Pan Tiles used in Building Purposes," by the action
or performance of which apparatus or machine the tiles are manu-
factured with a knob on, the said knob being made simultaneously
with the tile itself, by means of a moveable lever working in the
front of the die plate. The said apparatus or machine is con-
structed in the manner shown upon the Drawings accompanying
this Specification lettered S, S, and to which Drawings the following
explanation applies.
Explanation of the Drawings. - Fig. 1 shows a general side
clevation of the machine; Fig. 2, the plan of the same; Fig. 3,
the end elevation thereof; and Fig. 4, shows the gearing detached.
The scale to which is the same, & is one inch to a foot respectively.
For the better explanation of the Drawings, the same letters and
numbers are applied to the same parts of the machine in the
respective illustrations; that is to say, that wherever the same
letter or number appears more than once, it always applies to the
same part of the machine, only that the same is shown in a different
position for the better explanation of its action and use it will
therefore be understood that the same description applies wherever
such letter or number is repeated.
Parts of the machine.-A, is the body, which consists of a box of
cast iron or other suitable material for holding the clay; B, is the
bottom, and C, the lid, which opens on the hinges D; E, is a lever
hinging on the joint F, over the end of which lever is passed the ring

page_text: G, for securing the lid when closed; in one end of the box is accu-
rately fitted the ram H, which forces the clay through an orifice
corresponding with the shape of the tile required in a die plate at the
opposite end of the box; I, bolts by which the top, head, sides, and
bottom are held together; J, brackets for connecting the machine
with the wheels for convenience of removal, the hindermost of which
brackets are held together by the bolt K, for turning in the lock L,
the face plate in which fits the cast iron die plate M, before mentioned,
two inches in thickness, and faced with brass or other suitable metal
all round the orifice, N, which orifice is adapted to the transverse
section of a tile with a knob on; O the die plate, is moveable and
can be changed at pleasure, drops into a groove or trough at the
bottom of the face plate, and is held in its place and secured at
the top by the two buttons P, P; Q, is a lever hinging on the
point RS, a guide for the same; T, a strong india rubber spring;
U, fly nuts for attaching the receiver to the machine; V, brackets,
which carry shaft No. 5, hereafter mentioned; W, bolts for hold-
ing the face plate to the bottom, sides, and head; X, a cam or
segmental wheel on shaft No. 5; Y, a pawl for keeping the driving
shaft No. 1 in gear; Z, a handle working a dovetailed piece of iron
in a groove underneath the lid, with apertures for the escape of the
air from the box; a is the receiver; b, rolling carriages on which
the tile is received from the die plate in the machine; c, bows for
cutting off the tiles, the centre of which is under the centre of the
tiles; d, the handle for working the same.
Gearing, &c. No. 1 shaft works across the head of the machine,
and has keyed on to it the pinion 1', which gears with the wheel
5, on the shaft No. 5, and the wheel 2', on the stud or dead pin
No 2, fixed in a plate bolted to the side of the machine, on which
wheel is cast the pinion 211, which gears with the wheel 31, on shaft
No 3, which works across the frame over the rack, and works the
pinion 3, which is keyed thereto at the centre; the wheel 31, also
gears with the pinion 4', on shaft No. 4, on the opposite end of
which is keyed the fly wheel 4", with a handle for backing the rain

page_text: when the box is emptied; e is a stop plate to the rack: in the end of
this rack there is a roller, which runs on a plate supported by the
lock bracket, and the carriage supporting the roller f, which keeps
the rack from flying from the pinion 311; No. 5 shaft runs on the
bracket and has keyed on to it the boss h, with a groove in it; in
this groove works the ratchet i and spur wheel 5¹, on the same
shaft is keyed the cam or segment, for lifting the lever ; l is a
pulley on the first roller of the rolling carriage, and is turned by
the tile passing over it as it issues from the die; m, is another
pulley driven by a band on the pulley l, on which swings the
hammer n; o, is a counter-weighted pawl, and swings on a centre
on the boss ; as the tile is pressed through the die plate it turns
the pullies and m, raises the lever q, which lifts the hammer n,
over the centre, when it falls and strikes the pawl into gear with
the ratchet.
Action of the machine.-Suppose the box to have been filled with
clay, the lid secured, and the different parts of the machine to be in
the respective positions shown on the accompanying Drawings,
then by raising the hammer n, the pawl q will fall out of gear with
the ratchet wheel by its own weight; turn the handle of the driving
shaft No. 1, and with it the pinion 1', which gears with and turns
the wheels 5', and 21, and the pinion 211; the latter turns the wheel 3¹,
and pinion 311, which works in the rack, drives the ram, and presses
the clay through the die plate, provision being made for the escape
of the air through the valves r, at the head of the machine; as
soon as the clay oozes through, these valves are closed, by pressing
on the handle s, which is attached to the dovetailed stoppers before
mentioned; the tile is now passing on to the receiver, and is sup-
ported by a cloth and cords to prevent it from losing its shape; the
motion of the tile turns the rollers and pullies, raises the lever, and
lifts the hammer over the centre, when it falls and strikes the pawl
7, into gear with the ratchet wheel, raises the cam, which instantly
lifting the lever opens the way for the knob, and stretches the
india-rubber spring; the cam or segment then passes the cog on

page_text: the lever and releases it, when the spring instantly brings the lever
down and cuts the square end 'to tlie knob, while at the same time
the corner of the tile is cut off by a small wire working against the
dic. The machine then goes through nearly the saine action again,
when, there being two tiles on the receiver, the bows are worked
across, and the bevelled ends left by the lever are cut square (the
waste falling into a tub), and the tiles are set on the heights by a
mandril to dry. When the clay is all out, lift the pawl Y, No. 1
shaft, and the pinion 11, can then be pushed out of gear; knock the
ring off the lever, raise it and lift the lid, open the valves, push the
fly wheel and pinion 4', into gear, run back the ram, and refil the
machine, and proceed as before."
I have now in the best manner I am able explained and described
this my said Invention.; but it must be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise form of mechanism shown upon the
accompanying Drawings, and herein described; neither do I confine
myself to à tile of any particular transverse section, as the same
may be varied to a drain tile or pipe by a slight alteration of the
dic and lever, the other parts of the machine and their action being
the same.
Claims. I claim as my Invention, and include all such varia-
tions of the above mentioned machine, in form and dimensions
as may be, as long as the principle of my Invention on which the
said machine is constructed is maintained. I claim the peculiar
arrangement of driving wheels and gearing, allowing at all times
the handle shaft to work across the head; the making of the knob
on the tile simultaneously with the tile itself by means of a self-
acting moveable lever working in front of the die; the working
the lever and wire cutter by which the corner is cut off the tile by
the arrangement of gearing shown on the accompanying Drawings,
and herein described; the governing and equalizing the clay by the
tile itself, driving the pullies, and by which the motion of the last
mentioned gearing is governed; the proportion and arrangement
of the receiver, so as to admit of the tiles being made somewhat