CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND STEAM GENERATORS FOR LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Stead Crosland, of Openshaw, near the City of
Manchester, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES AND STEAM GENERATORS FOR LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 21st October 1856, and dated the 29th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Stead Crosland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1856.
I, JAMES STEAD CROSLAND, of Openshaw, near the City of Manchester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND STEAM GENERATORS FOR LOCOMOTIVE. STEAM
ENGINES AND OTHER PURPOS 38," to be as-follows:-
These improvements in furnaces consist in arranging-water-spaces into
upper and lower flues forming a return draft, or arranging a series of tubes
across the fire box or furnace of boilers, and in such a manner as to cause the
draft to return back towards the fire door and return into another fire above
which is supported on the said series of tubes, and between each of these tubes
fire bricks are placed which act as grate bars on which the upper fire is placed.
The upper fire will consume the smoke which is made by the lower fire.
A damper is placed near the take-up at the mouth of the furnace; this
damper is closed when required, and the smoke is then obliged to make. its
way through the spaces between the fire bricks, between the series of tubes,

page_text: and through the fire, and is by this means consumed. These improvements
consist of a return draft always ascending, and unobstructed when at work.
My improvements in steam generators. consists of forming the chimney of
boilers into a vertical multitubular boiler, and pumping the supply of water
for the boiler into it. The tubes in the said chimney boiler become the
chimney into which the hot air from the furnace and in some cases the exhaust
steam passes, thereby heating the water which encircles them. The cold
water is pumped into the bottom of the chimney boiler and passes by pipes
from the top to the steam boiler in the form of steam or hot water.
locomotives separate pipes in the chimney may be used.
In
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Stead Crosland in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
STEAD CROSLAND," of Openshaw, near the City of Manchester, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of her reign,
did, for Herself, Her 'heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Stead Crosland, Her special license, that I, the said James Stead
Crosland, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Stead Crosland; my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree witli, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN FURNACES AND STEAM GENERATORS FOR LOCOMOTIVE STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I; the said James Stead
Crosland, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent,

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Stead Crosland, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say)
w
These improvements in furnaces for locomotive engines and other purposes
consist in improved arrangements and combinations of known mechanical
means producing useful results, namely, in the first place, that the fire box of
locomotive engines, which in its original construction is generally adapted for
burning expensive and smokeless material, sucli as coke, is rendered by the
use and application of my said arrangements and combinations, fit and effective
for burning less expensive material, such as coal, without producing smoke;
and secondly, the, furnaces of marine and stationary engines. and furnaces
of all classes burning coal, are also rendered economical without .producing
smoke, and these, arrangements and combinations are as follows:-
..
41.
I arrange water spaces into upper.
r. and lower flues and furnaces, with both
fires supported on common grate bars with upper and lower ash-pits, or on
tubes, and in such a manner as. to cause the smoke and flame of the lower
fire to pass into an upper fire, with the draft or current of the lower fire
returning in the direction of the fire door, and rising over and into the fire
above; or arranging a series of tubes across the fire box of furnace boilers,
and in such a manner as to cause the draft to return back towards the fire
door and passing into another fire above, which is supported on the said series
of tubes which act as grate bars, and on which the upper fire is placed, the
upper fire will consume the smoke which is made by the lower fire, and by
alternate firing the intensity of heat arising from the lower fire will consume
the smoke of the upper fire..
My improvements in steam generators for locomotive, steam engines and
other purposes, namely, marine and stationary steam engines, consist in
improved arrangements and combinations. of known.mechanical means pro-
ducing useful results, the leading features of which are as follows:-I form
the chimney or waste flue of boilers into a vertical or inclined multitubular
or multiwater-space boiler, and pump the supply for the boiler into it; but in
some cases, for locomotives and marine engines, I pump the water into the
tubes, and the spaces act as the flue, the tubes-or spaces in the said chimney
boiler become the chimney into which the hot air from the furnace and exhaust
steam passes, and are the leading features of the said combination of means,
their purpose, object, and result being, firstly, that waste heated air and exhaust
steam are rendered available as generators of steam; secondly the heat of the
exhaust steam being absorbed is therefore condensed in its passage through

page_text: the tubes or spaces of my improved chimney, and the water of such con-
densation is collected in a vessel and pumped, after passing through a filter
bed, back into the boiler of nearly the same temperature at which it was
exhausted.
Another modification consists in forming a limited portion, or two or more
portions, of the outer chimneyand upper part of the smoke box leading into the
chimney, into a vertical, horizontal, or inclined multitubular boiler; or the outer
and improved chimney may be composed of a multiplicity of narrow water
spaces formed of sheets of copper, brass, or iron; the precise distribution of the
plates is immaterial, so that a large heating surface is obtained. I pump
the water produced by the condensation of exhaust steam passing through the
said multitubular chimney into it with the other necessary supply from the
tender. In most cases I place the multitubular chimney inclined, in order more
effectually to settle and collect the showers of water issuing from the tubes
into the receiving chamber of condensation; the multitubular chimneys
are placed in one or more lengths on the top or along the sides or bottom
of the boiler, the exterior form of which may be modified to adapt itself to
the shape of the boiler, or in a cylindrical form and with as much inclination
as practicable.
In most cases I place plain lengths of chimney flues leading from the top
of the smoke box, which I term the inner blast flues, into which the steam
blast is first exhausted, for the purpose of creating and sustaining a draft in
the multitubular chimneys which are connected to them, and through which
the exhaust steam and waste heated air passes, but the exhaust steam
meeting the cooling surface of the tubes, and the cold water enveloping
them, chiefly in that part where the supply enters, becomes condensed
in its passage through and is impelled forward by the blast in jets and
showers of water into a receiving chamber, which I shall term the condensing
chamber, formed and placed at the extremity of the multitubular chimney or
flue. Into this receiving or condensing chamber I introduce a series of tubes
or tubular air spaces arranged in close order within the receiving and con-
densing chamber; these air spaces admit no air into the chamber, but there
are other pipes for that purpose; each air space has an orifice or mouth
projecting outside of the condensing chamber and placed so as to catch the
current of air which is caused by the velocity of the engine, the other ends of
the tubular air spaces open outside of the chamber into the open air, or the
whole is collected into one main pipe which is connected with the ash-pits;
this current of air acts as a blower to my improved furnaces; the tubes or
plates of the air spaces in the condensing chamber are by this means kept cool

page_text: and greatly promote condensation, and the settlement of water rushing from
the multitubular chimney and completing the condensation of the remaining
vapour. The jets and showers of water are collected by the attraction of
surface presented by the tubes or plates of the air spaces which are placed in
vertical planes parallel to or diverted from the direction of the draft; the jets
and showers impinging against the tubes or plates are swept forward and
downwards upon perforated plates or sieves and strained through a bed of
cotton waste, by which means the sediment found in exhaust steam, ashes,
soot, oil, and tallow thrown out from the internal working parts of the engine
by the exhaust steam, are extracted; the water thus cleansed is pumped from
the cisterns of this filter into the multitubular chimney and thence into the
boiler, having undergone the entire process of distillation.
My improvements in steam generators for locomotive and other purposes,
namely, marine and stationary engines and other boilers, consist also in the
use of waste heat after it has left the available heating surface of tubes or flues
of boilers and furnaces, applied in useful combination with a multitubular or
multiwater-space boiler, forming in itself a chimney, or part or parts of a
chimney, or by placing such said multitubular apparatus into a chimney,
chimney-flue, or main flue, or diversion of main flue leading from one or more
boilers or furnaces, and these also in combination with the cold water supply
for the boilers being pumped into the said multitubular multiwater-space,
waste flue, or chimney.
These improvements areapplicable to all classes of boilers andfurnaces; and
in situations where the improved multitubular waste flue or chimney cannot
be placed vertically it may be laid horizontally or inclined, with the draft
ascending or descending through it. Wherever there are flue, smoke box, and
chimney, there is waste heat, which, by the use of the improved multitubular
chimney, will be absorbed economically.
In those cases of my improved combinations in which I introduce duplicate
sets of my improved chimneys, I place them in any convenient position in the
waste flues of boilers, either vertical, horizontal, or inclined, with the draft
ascending or descending through them, conducting the supply of water from
that apparatus, which I place nearest the mouth of the chimney into others a
little lower or nearer the boilers, that is to say, keeping the colder water
furthest from the greatest heat, for the obvious purpose of absorbing heat in
its passage towards the mouth of the chimney; the water supply is gradually
driven forward by the pump, and becomes hotter in each succeeding appa-
ratus, until emptied in the form of steam and hot water into the boiler or
boilers.

page_text: Another of my improved combinations for promoting condensation and sub-
sidation of the showers of exhausted steam and water, consists.in the employ-
ment of a multiplicity of cold air tubes, through which the air produced by
the rapid motion of the engine passes;, the said tubes being placed horizontally
on the top and sides of a locomotive engine, with the mouth of each tube placed
directly facing the current of air, and their other ends being also open to the
atmosphere. These tubes traverse the main return flue leading from the
multitubular chimney into the outer funnels, and being a little longer than
the said main flue, admit no air into it; but I employ a separate set of pipes
for that purpose. A complete subsidation of the showers of water issuing from
the multitubular chimney is effected in its passage through the spaces formed
by the said cold air tubes while the condensation is perfected.
I also employ plates, wires, bars, or. tubes, whose sections are parallelograms
or circles, and used as a means of obtaining surface of attraction, and pro-
moting condensation of exhaust steam in its passage towards the open air
andconducting the condensedsteam orwater into the bottom of the condensing
chamber.
The said plates, wires, bars, or tubes traverse the condensing chamber in
lines parallel to or diverted from the direction of the current, againstwhich the
showers of water impinge, and are thus conducted into the filter tank; but
when the apparatus is placed in a vertical position, the water passes through
perforations in an upper series of detached tubes, having separate tube plates,
the lower one forming a dish into which the collected water falls, and is drawn
away by a pipe into the filter tank.
Another of my improved combinations for promoting condensation and sub-
sidation of the exhausted steam and water, is the employment of a multiplicity
of tubes placed upon the top and sides of the boiler, exposed in the open air,
and through which the exhaust, steam and heated air pass into a receiving
chamber.
'Another of my improved combinations consists in the employment of filters
for locomotives, to cleansethewater of condensedexhaust steambefore pumping
the same back into the boiler.
Another of my improved combinations consists in the employment of: an
internal blast chimney flue, extending from the top of the original smoke box
downwards into it, or placed horizontally or inclined along the top, sides, or
bottom of the boiler, in one or more separate lengths, into which the steam
blast is ejected, for the purpose of creating and sustaining a draft in the multi-
tubular chimney above, below, or in the same horizontal or inclined direction
as that of the said blast chimney.

page_text: I also employ an outer case, forming an annular space, which acts as a
means of drawing away the heated air from the upper part of the smoke box.
The inner chimney pipe may be made, in some cases, to lift and slide up and
down, having suitable levers for the purpose, and when the engine is at rest
the entire chimney pipe is elevated, so as to leave anothér annular space, when
required, to allow the heated air to pass freely away up the improved chimney.
The upper part of the flue and the dish supporting it are bell-mouthed or
taper, so that, when lifted, the annular space above mentioned is formed.
'Another of my improved combinations is to pass the blast or exhaust pipe
bodily through the multitubular chimney without being acted upon by any
surrounding water, and for the purpose of forming the draft above the tubes
in this case the heated air only passes through the multitubular chimney. In
this case the internal blast flue, before described, is placed above the multi-
tubular apparatus. The process of absorbing heat of exhaust steam weakens
the outward blast, but the necessary inward blast is formed effectively, and
sustained by means of the improved blast chimney flue.
Another of my improved combinations in steam generators for high-pressure
engines consist in the adoption of two or more of my multitubular chimneys;
placing one for exhaust steam to pass through only, and with a downward draft
of the steam; blowing the water of condensation into a pit, deep vessel, or
chamber,. and pumped to the boiler for supply; the other chimney flue, for the
heated air to pass through only, and the cold water supply passing from one to
the other in its way to the boiler or boilers.
Another of my improvements, applicable to locomotives and marine steam
engines only; consists in inserting a number of separate pipes into the improved
outward chimneyvertically, horizontally, or inclined, and throughwhich the said
supply is circulated on its way to the boiler or boilers. I pump the water
produced by condensation of the exhaust steam impinging against the said
separate pipes into them, with the other necessary supply required for the
engine boilers..
Another of my improvements, in combination with my multitubular
chimney, in order to secure the proper effect of my Invention as applicable to
inarine and stationary boilers, is the application of a separate tube, rod, rake, or
cleaner to each and every tube in the said multitubular chimney, and working
the whole simultaneously from one moveable plate, or in convenient cluster's,
backwards and forwards at intervals, to clear away the soot which is con-
tinually collecting in the tubes, and by means of a rack and pinion, chain and
barrel, and crab winch, by hand labour or by steam power. One end of the rod
of each tube cleaner is fixed to the moveable plate or plates, and the other end,

page_text: which is small, is always kept just entered into its respective tube to guide it.
The tube cleaner may be formed of a simple solid or hollow ball, or of the
shape of a double cone of iron, and placed at a convenient distance from the
mouth of the tubes upon the rod.
Figure 1, on Sheet No. 1, is a longitudinal sectional elevation of one of niy-
improved furnaces and multitubular chimneys, and Fig. 2 is a plan of tlie
same, shewing my improvements as applied to an ordinary locomotive engine.
A, in Fig. 1, is the fire box of a locomotive engine, with my series of tubes
adjusted to it, and supporting an upper fire C; B, B, B, are the tubes, upon
which a coal or coke fire is placed; D is the lower fire of a common fire box.
The action of the flame and smoke in the lower fire D is to rush in the direc-
tion indicated by the arrows, back towards the fire door F, passing through the
spaces. 28, 28, when the damper E is withdrawn, and into the upper fire Ċ,
which will consume the smoke, being a coked fire. When the engine is not
in motion, it is preferable to close the damper E;the sulphur and smoke is then
obliged to make its waythrough the spaces 28,28,left between the tubesB,B,B,
and through the body of the upper fire C; the smoke and sulphur will by that
means be consumed or prevented from escape, when the engine is standing at
stations. F and F are the fire doors; G, the lower fire bars; and H, H, stop
pieces for the purpose of filling up the corners left by the sliding dampers.
The tubes B, B, B, see Fig. 1, are turned and dovetailed into the flange
plate b, which is bored true, to suit and receive the dovetailed ends of the tubes
B, B, B; the flange plate is then made hot, and the ends of the tubes inserted
cold into their respective holes, when the contraction of the plate will bind the
ends fast; they are then caulked inside and outside, and by. that means ren-
dered perfectly secure and water-tight; the whole of the tubes are then raised
to their required position in the fire box, and secured by stud screws through
the flange plate ', or by rivets being practicable.
11
R, R is one of my improved multitubular chimneys; S, S, S, are the tubes.
through which the exhaust steam and waste heated air pass. See also Figs.
41, 42, 52, and 53, on Sheet 3. T is the blast steam pipe; t, t, shews the
jet of blast steam; U, U, is a circular dish, which supports the internal blast
flue V, V, which is lifted up and down by the levers 30, for the purpose of
allowing the heated air to pass freely away when the engine is not at work;
but the draft when the engine is working makes a descent to the bottom of
the internal blast flue V, V, between the annular space formed by the outer
case W, W, in the smoke box 0; 34, 34, are a series of tubes, also shewn full
size in Figs. 52, 53, and in Fig. 42 to the scale of 1 inch to the foot; these
tubes exactly coincide with the tubes of the multitubular chimney, and are a

page_text: continuation of them, only detached, and having separate tube plates 35, 36.
These tubes are perforated with holes 37, 37, towards the upper part, to allow,
the water that is attracted to their inner surfaces to escape before reaching the
summit; the water thus collected falls into the dish 35 formed by the lower
tube plate 35, and passes down the pipe 2 into the filters 1, 1; the beds of
these.filters are formed of cotton or hempen waste, sand, charcoal, sawdust, or
other such substances, and placed in the upper part 1 between the perforated
plates or sieves of brass wire: 4 is a pipe, leading to the supply pump of the
engine, and which will also continually pump away the water from the tank of
the filters into the multitubular chimney; the deficiency of the supply will be
made up at intervals by a supply from the tender. Fig. 2 is a plan of the
above, in which as in Fig. 1, R is the multitubular chimney; S, S, the tubes;
X, X, the supply pipe; Y, Y, the pipes leading from the top of the multi-
tubular chimney into the engine boiler; 2 is the pipe that conveys the water
of condensed steam into the filters; 1, 1, are the filters; 4, the pipe leading
to the pump 5; 6 the pipe leading to the tender of the engine; P, P, P, are
plugs and cocks, for cleaning and blowing out the sediment and water in the
multitubular chimney, at intervals when required; R' is a space for the
lodgment of sediment; N, N, are the usual heating surface tubes of a
locomotive.
Fig. 3 is another mode of applying my multitubular chimney and water
spaces, which, like those of Figs. 1 and 2, are to be used as useful appliances
to common locomotives. In this arrangement, I place a water space screwed
or riveted at each end to the sides of the fire box horizontally across, for the
purpose of supporting an upper fire C;this water space may be perforatedwitli
oblong spaces 28, 28, and of greater width at the bottom than at the top, for
the purpose of allowing the ashes of this fire to fall through, as well as to
allow sulphur and smoke of the lower fire to pass, and thus to be consumed.
D is the lower fire; E, the damper, which is kept open, when the engine is in
motion, allowing the sulphur and smoke to pass into the upper fire, the same
as in Fig. 2. The heads of the common stay bolts in space 28* will prevent
the coke from falling through. A is the common fire box; F, the original
fire door; F, additional fire door, by which the lower fire D is fed, the upper
part of which forms the guides for the damper E. R, R, is the multitubular
chimney; S, S, the tubes; 7, 7, the outer blast chimney flue T, T, the blast
pipe, passing through a large tube in the multitubular chimney, and this pre-
vents the water in the multitubular chimney from condensing the steam in the
blast pipe in its passage through into the outer blast flue r, r, where, in this
combination, the blast is formed, and the heated air only passes through the

page_text: .
multitubular chimney; t;t, shews the jet of blast steam;-X, the supply,
and y, the pipe. communicating with the boiler. Fig. is a plan of the
above, in which R is the multitubular chimney; Tthe-tube through which
the blast pipe passes; Xandy; the supply and exit pipes; and-O, the top
of the smoke box.
Figs. 5 and 6 'shew another mode of applying the multitubular chimney R,
in which the steam blast is 'ejected partly above and partly below the tubes of
the multitubular chimney; having a blast flue also above and below, shewn at ŕ
and V; the blast pipe T-ejects part of its steam into V, and the pipe Tª carries
the remaining blast steam through the multitubular chimney, similar to that of
Fig. 3 into the part r; the pipe T is inserted into the pipe T. Fig. 6 is a
plan of the same, and the letters and figures refer to the same parts as those
of Figs. 1 and 3, and the action of this apparatus is in other respects the
same. Fig. 7 is also a plan of Fig. 5, shewing one of my improved furnaces,
with the damper introduced at the back of the fire box in lieu of the front, as
in Figs. 1 and 3. e, e, are the levers and handles for working the said damper
E; H, H, are the stop-pieces; in all other respects this furnace is like that
of Fig. 1, the same letters and figures indicating the same parts."
Figs. S'and 'and 9 represent another of my improved combinations: Fig:8
is a sectional elevation, Fig.9 a transverse section, and Fig. 9 a sectional plan,
of the inclined multitubular chimney and the receiving chamber of condensa-
tion and the cooling apparatus; which consist of a multiplicity of tubes in' the
open air, throughwhich pass the vapoursfrom the receiving chamber and multi-
tubular chimney into the funnel R, R, are the two inclined' multitubular
chimneys placed one at eacli side of the boiler; S; S, the tubes; V, V, the
internal blast flues; T; 'the blast pipes, and tt, shows the jet of blast steam in
the blast flues V, V; and R is the receiving chamber into which the showers
of water of exhaust steam are precipitated, and impinging against the rows of
plates 45,45,45,45, which are placed about one inch apart, by means of which
the water is attracted and conducted as indicated by the curved dotted lines
46, 46, 46, 46, down upon the filter bed 1 this filter is formed of cotton or
heinpen waste charcoal or sand, or other filtering substances, and placed
between perforated plates of sieves of brasswire; the water thus cleansed, drops
into the filter tank I, and is pumped from thence, by the engine pump 5, back
into the multitubular chimney. The syphon pipe 50 is so formed and carried
abovethe level of thewater in the tender, so as to prevent thewater in thetender
from filling the filter tank; this pipe 50 communicates the filter tank with the
common suction pipe 6, of the engine pump 5, which leads to the tender, from
which at intervals the deficiency of water is supplied; r, 32, is the branch

page_text: are
flue, leading from the two receiving chambers into the funnel 1; 47, 47,
the doors of the receiving chambers; the pipes 48, 48, are for the purpose of
admitting into the receiving chambers a supply and rush of cold air when the
engine is in motion, and for the purpose of completing condensation of the
exhaust steam within the receiving chambers; 49, 49, are flap valves, levers,
and rods for closing the cold air supply at pleasure; or the vapours from the
receiving chamber R° return to the other funnel r, a, a, through the multi-
plicity of pipes, shewn in dotted lines 45°, 45°, which are in the open air,
between their tube plates; and the condensation in those pipes is emptied
into the flue, and conveyed by the pipe 46* to the filter tank 1; X and y
are respectively the supply and exit pipes in the boiler; P, P, the blow-off
cocks and pipes, for preventing the deposit of mud. B, B, in Figs. 8 and 9,
are my improved series of tubes for supporting the upper fire placed length-
wise of the fire box, and the damper which closes the working communication
between the upper and lower fires is placed vertically and longitudinally in the
centre of the fire box, reaching from the ash-pits to the tubes B, B, and the
full length of the fire box, dividing the lower fire into two; and when this
damper is dropped; which is supported on levers and balance weights and the
working handle e, e, e, a space is formed between the two middle tubes with
a fire on either side; the smoke from the lower fire passes through this space
and between the two upper fires, and is consumed when the engine is at work;
the lower fire D will require a fire door on either side of the damper, and
another for the upper fire.
Another of my improvements is the substitution of a series of tubes
K, K, K, K, in lieu of ordinary fire bars, as bearers of fire, as shewn in Figs.
Sand 9; these tubes are put together precisely similar to any other series of
tubes before described, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 1°, and this series of tubes I
use as bearers in part of the lower fire,, or any other ordinary fire; between
cach of these tubes, in some cases, I place one or more common fire-bars.
alternately with or between them, and shewn at G. Figs. 10 and 11 shew
one of my improved multitubular chimneys or flues adapted to the shape of
the boiler, and placed upon the top thereof, with the blast pipe T carried clear.
through it, as described in Fig. 3.. The blast flue in this case is placed at the
end of the multitubular flue, through which only the waste 'heated air passes..
Figs. 10 and 11 also represent one of my improved furnaces. A is a common
fire box with my improved series of tubes and water spaces; B, B, are the
tubes which carry the upper fire; G, G, the grate bars, that carry the-lower
fire; the arrows shew the direction of the draft; B is the upper water space
placed over the upper fire, causing the draft to return in the direction of the

page_text: fire door; E, the damper sliding upon it, and moved by means of side rods or
levers e, e, with a slot hole in the sides of the fire box; H, H, stop pieces made
of brick or iron, for the purpose of guiding the draught in the proper direction;
the part H acts as a door, which may be removed when it is required to get
to the tubes N, of the boiler, or for other repairs; 28, 28, and 29, 29, are the
passages for flame and draft. Figs. 12 and 15 are longitudinal sections of my
improved water-space arrangements, also formed into upper and lower fires,
with return draft, the smoke and sulphur made by the lower fire passing into
the upper fire. A is the common fire box, into which the water-spaces B, B,
are adjusted, and secured to the sides of the fire box, by stud screws or rivets
into their flanges 6; C is the upper fire in each Figure, and D the lower fire;
G, the upper fire bars, and G the lower bars; L, L, is an upper and
intermediate ash-pit for the upper fire, deriving its supply of air through Le in
the sides of the fire box, and at the mouth L; the direction of the draft is
indicated by the arrows, traversing through the passages 28 and 29, the fire C,
and tubes N, N, of the boiler; F and F are the fire doors; M is a brick
bridge (in the ordinary manner of furnace bridges) across the fire box,
which, in Fig. 15 is dispensed with, by continuing the lower water space B
up to the height B, M, required for the bridge; E is a damper similar to
that of Fig. 10; H, a damper or door, removed only when it is required to get
to the tubes.
Fig. 13 is another ordinary fire box, with my improved series of tubes
adjusted in it, and Fig. 14 is a transverse vertical section of the same. In this
arrangement I use an upper and lower series of tubes lengthwise of the fire
box, the lower row of tubes B support the upper fire C, and the upper row Bd
conducts the draft towards the fire door, the spaces between the upper row of
tubes are filled up by any substance that will resist fire, as fire clay; this row
of tubes carry the damper E, which is worked in a similar manner to that of
Fig. 10; M is the bridge, which, however, is not entirely essential, and may
be altogether dispensed with, by allowing the upper fire to spread over the
tubes B; 28 and 29 are the passages for smoke and flame; G*, the lower fire
bars; F and F, the fire doors.
Figs. 18 and 29, Sheet No. 2, shew a pair of those fire boxes, patented by
Mr. Joseph Harrison, that is for having the fire box extending into the boiler,
so as to shorten the tubes. I give this example, to shew how, and in what
manner my improvements are to be applied to such fire boxes. A¹, in Figs.
18 and 29, is the part patented by Mr. Harrison. A, A, the common part of
the fire box, with upper and lower fires, and return draft as before described;
and in Fig. 18, L is the upper and intermediate ash-pit, with its mouth and

page_text: apertures L at the sides of the fire box, see also transverse section, Eig. 20.
Fig. 19 has its upper and intermediate ash-pit in the same manner as Fig. 18.
Fig. 19 differs from Fig. 18 only in having the bridge M' formed by the
water-space being made in the shape of the letter U, which is at once a
complete upper furnace, with ash-pan and bridges, front and back, and
communicated with the sides of the fire box, and secured thereto by stud
screws or rivets through its flanges b². E is the sliding damper behind the
bridge, and worked by levers e, e. Le is the aperture or mouth of the ash-pit at
the side of the box; G, the upper fire-bars; G the lower; 28 and 29, passages
for flame; H is the stop-piece, as in Fig. 18; M is the bridge of brick-work;
E, the lifting damper; e, e, the working levers.
Figs. 25, 26, and 29, of which Fig. 28 is a vertical section common to all,
and Fig. 27 a plan of Figs. 25 and 26. The water spaces of these are so
arranged, as to have the mouth of their ash-pits L' under the boiler, and.
facing the forward motion of the engine. B, M, is a water space facing the
tubes, and B the water space separating the lower fire from the ash-pit of the
upper fire; H, in Figs. 25 and 26, are iron plates or doors closing the com-
munication between the upper ash-pit and the flue in front of the tubes. H is
the door closing the apertures left between the water space B and the back
of the fire box; there is no object sought in forming this aperture, further.
than the facilities it gives in adapting the water space B to the fire boxes of
engines already made, and dispensed with in Fig. 26; Lª, in each Figure, is
the mouth of, the upperash-pit; 21, the ash-pit door; E, lifting dampers;
e, e, the levers, shaft, and rods, for working the same.
Fig. 29 has an ash-pit L' under the boiler; L the lower ash-pit; 22 door
of the same.
The upper and lower fires, direction of draft, and fire bars are
the same as those of Figs. 18 and 19.
Figs. 21, 22, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, and 38 are modifications of my
improved furnaces, having the ash-pits of the upper fires communicating with
the ash-pits of the lower fires, by means of a passage L' formed by a water
space on either side, and dividing the lower fire into two fires; the ashes of the
upper fire drop directly into the lower ash-pit, the same method of return draft
and the smoke of the two lower fires passing into the upper fire, is also pre-
served in these Figs., of which Figs. 21, 30, 33, 36, and 38 are longitudinal
sectional elevations. Figs. 22, 31, 34 and 37, are transverse sections, and
Fig. 32 a sectional plan of Fig. 30, in which the flues leading from the lower
fires are formed at the sides 28, 28.
Figs. 33, 36, and 38, of which Fig. 34 in its furnace portion is a transverse

page_text: section common to all, represent marine boilers. Fig. 35 has also in its
furnace portion a transverse section common to Figs. 33, 36, and 38, but
having in this instance upper and lower ordinary ash-pits, and for which Figs.
33, 30, and 38, are also properly represented in the Drawing in each instance,
and the method of return draft, the smoke of the two lower fires passing into
the upper fire or fires, and the same letters and figures refer in all cases to the
same parts.
Fig.23, of which Fig. 24 is a sectional plan, differs from Fig. 1,Sheet No. 1,
only in having a bridge B, M, and a sliding damper E, and stop-piece H, and
a water space B, S, to protect the wheel axle, as is sometimes practised, and
here introduced for the purpose of shewing the manner in which my apparatus
is to be adapted to such fire boxes.
Fig. 39 is one of Johnson's Patent multitubular boilers for stationary
engines, shewing the manner in which my multitubular waste flue or chimney
is to be applied to such boilers. O is the smoke box of the same, and O' the
flue pipe with a descending draft; 31 the entrance of the waste flue; R, the
multitubular chimney placed vertically with a descending draft into the waste
flue 32, below the level of the ground. 8, 8, S, are the tube cleaners and rods
passing through the iron plate door or cover 81 of the waste flue; 9 is the
moveable plate to which all the cleaners are attached; 16, 16, are pullies and
brackets secured to the boiler ends, a wire,.rope, or chain 17 passing over the
pullies 16, 16, and attached to the moveable plate at one end, and to the
balance weight 18 at the other end which is the firing end of the boiler..
The balance weight being raised and lowered the cleaners fall and rise through
the tubes, cleaning away the soot as often as is necessary; r¹, a chamber for
soot; and 23, a door for cleaning out the same; P is the mud cock.
Figs. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 are marine engine boilers, .shewing the
manner in which my improvements may be applied. Figs. 33, 36, and 38 are
sectional elevations; and Figs. 34, 35, and 37, transverse sections, in which
R, R, is my multitubular chimney, which in Figs. 33 and 34 is shewn
inclined, in Figs. 35 and 38, horizontal, and in Figs. 36 and 37, in a vertical
position; in Figs. 33 and 38 the tube cleaners 8, 8, are shewn to be worked
backwards and forwards by a rack, pinion, and crab-winch, with wheel 12,
pinion 13, and handle 14; and in the Fig. 33 the cleaners are shewn inserted
into the tubes S, S. In Fig. 36 the tube cleaners are shewn to be worked
upwards and downwards by balance.weights, as in the case of Fig. 39...
Figs. 36 and 59 are common marine engine boilers, of that class which
have their tube portion detached from the other parts, but connected by the

page_text: pipe N'; X is the supply pipe leading into the multitubular chimney; y the
pipe from the same into the boiler, the same letters and figures refer to the
same parts in each of the figures.
Fig. 40 is a vertical multitubular boiler, with my vertical multitubular
chimney and improved furnace applied thereto, the furnaces may be similar to
those already described in Figs. 33, and 35; N are the tubes of the boiler,
and S the tubes of the multitubular chimney; R is the multitubular chimney;
O, the smoke box; 31, the side passage or flue leading to the multitubular
chimney; 8, 8, the tube cleaners; and 9, moveable plate; 10 and 11, rack and
pinion for working the tube cleaners; 71, chamber for soot; 23, the door for
cleaning out the same; 7, the chimney top.
Fig. 41 is another modification for locomotives in which I use a lower
tubular portion R', through which the heated air only passes, with an internal
blast flue above, and a multitubular chimney R above the same, through which
the exhaust steam and heated air pass together. I introduce the water into
the lower portion R', from which it ascends through the pipe X, into the
upper portion R, and thence into the boiler through the pipe y. Fig. 42 is a
modification of the upper part of Fig.41, with its lengths of separate perforated
tubes 34, 34, mounted on its separate tube plates 35 and 36; 35 acting as a
dish to receive the water issuing from the perforations 37,37;the water passes
off by the pipe. 2, either to the filter tank or runs to waste.
T
Fig. 45 shews one of my improved multitubular chimneys, of which Fig. 46
is a plan, and adapted to a main or a diversion of a main flue, from several
stationary boilers or furnaces with tube cleaners, worked as befóré described;
031,033, flues leading from several boilers; and 31, flue leading to the chimney
shaft; and 1, pit for soot.
Fig. 47, of which Fig. 48 is a plan, shews a modification of my improved
chimney with separate pipes, and water spaces for marine and locomotive
engines only.
Fig. 43, of which Fig. 51 is a plan; Fig. 55, of which Fig. 56 is a plan;
Fig. 57, of which Fig. 58 is a plan; Figs. 60 and 61, of which Fig.62 is a plan,
represent my improved multitubular chimneys applied to marine boilers, with
tube-cleaning apparatus and gear to work the same ;R*, space for mud deposit;
and P, blow-off mud cock; X and y, in the outlet pipes, respectively.
In Figs. 43 and 51, and Figs. 61 and 62, my improved multitubular
chimney is placed bythe side of the main outer funnelwith their tube cleaners,
shewn worked by a crab-winchwith barrel, chains, wheels, and pinions as before
described; P, P, blow off mud cocks. Figs. 55, 56, 57, and 58 have their

page_text: multitubular chimney formed concentric with the main funnel, with man holes
2, for getting inside; Ris a vacant space which may be left for water, as in
Figs. 57 and 58; R is a space for mud deposit. The tubo cleaners are
worked up and down by racks 10, pinions 11, wheels 12, wheel and pinion 13,
crab-winch handle 14; P, P, blow-off cocks of mud deposit.
Fig. 60 shews the multitubular chimney and tube cleaners placed inside of
the main funnel, the cleaners worked as before described.
Fig. 59 is a marine or stationary boiler, and is placed horizontally, and in
like manner the multitubular flue, the tubes of which are made to coincide
with the tubes of the said boiler, so that the tube cleaners rake both the
improved chimney and boiler tubes at the same movement. 8, 8, are the
tube cleaners; 9, the plate; 24, rollers and tramway forming a carriage for
the said cleaners to run upon.
Figs. 66, 67, 68, and 69, in which Fig. 66 is an elevation; Fig. 69, the
plan; and Figs. 67 and 68, the transverse sections, are modifications of
Figs. 8, 9, 9. The plates 45, 45, that conduct the showers of water of
condensed exhaust steam are in this case formed into tubular air spaces,
shewn at 45, 45, and 45, 45, are the mouth pieces of the said tubes, into
which the current of air indicated by the arrows rushes, and pass through
again into the open air or into the ash-pit through the pipes 53, 53. The
inner blast flue V is made so as to turn or swivel on its centre V2, and to
detach from the multitubular chimney so as to be depressed into the position
shewn in dotted lines V2 to facilitate access to clean out the tubes of the
multitubular chimneys.
Figs. 64 and 70 are elevations, and Fig. 65 a transverse section, in part
common to the two elevations, as also Figs. 47 and 48, represent my methods
of using separate pipes in my improved combination of chimneys, and also
Fig. 64 shews the cold air passage pipes 45", 45, 45", running through the
outer flues leading from the multitubular boiler, and communicating with the
atmosphere at both ends for condensing purposes, and conducting the showers
of water to the bottom of the receiving chamber. V, V, in both Figures are
the inner blast flues; R, R, R, R°, the improved chimney flues full of
separate pipes or tubes S", S", fixed at their respective ends in the ordinary
manner of fixing tubes to tube plates in the boxes y", y, and X, X"; these
boxes receive their water from the pump, and distribute it into the pipes
S", S, which supply the boxes y", y"; from which the boiler is supplied as the
steam is generated in the said pipes by their absorption of the heat of the
exhaust steam and heated air.

page_text: The other
Fig. 64 shews 2 routes of the draft or exit for the vapours, the first
directly through the condensing chamber R between the plates 45, 45,
and then away into the open air through the two-funnels,
route is from the tubed flues or multitubular-chimneys'R, R°, R, R°, return-
ing into the cooling and settling apparatus' Re which is the return flue con-
taining the cold air tubes 45°, 45°, 45°, and then-away into the open air
through the funnel 7. A transverse section of the cooling apparatus is shewn
in Fig. 65 at R; it is adapted to the shape of the boiler in the form of a
saddle, with tube-plates at each end, into which the tubes 45°, 45°, are secured.
The cold air rushes through these tubes; being open to the atmosphere at
both ends, and set-in a line with the current of air produced by the progressive
motion of the engine through the 'atmosphere; the settlement of the priming
or showers of water and condensation is rendered complete in their passage
through the spaces formed by the said cold-air tubes 45, 45", "in the said
return flue R.
::
Figs. 16 and 17, of which 17 is a transverse section, shews a locomotive
with a saddle tank, into which I insert the tubes S, S, in both flaps of the
said saddle tank and through these tubes S, S, the heated air only 'passes; at
the extremity of the said tubes I mount a blast flue r, conveying the blast
pipe T to it; the heated air is drawn through the tubes S, S; from the smoke
box o, o, into the outer blast flue r, thus heating the water in the said saddle
tank.
Figs. 54, 54, and 63 are full sized views shewing examples of the manner
in which the tube cleaners may be made; in Figs. 54 and 54° they are shewn
as formed of a double bend spring, 8, 8. The rods are secured to the lifting
or moving plate 9,. 9, by their screwed ends with a screw nut on both sides
of the plate 9.
Fig. 63 shews a tube cleaner formed of a hollow double cone of cast iron
secured.upon its tube, rod, or-wire 8, S.
Figs. 71 and 72 shew my improved method of cast iron tubes S, S', and
tube plates S. The joint in the socket S" is made of iron borings and sal
ammoniac, hard rammed, and in the ordinary manner of rust joints.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention; and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to the
employment of fire bricks, as referred to in my Provisional Specification, as
since filing the. said Provisional Specification I have found that fire bricks
have before been in use for the same purpose, and that they are not essential
in carrying out my Invention; but what I do claim is,

page_text: Firstly, the arrangement of one fire over another for thepurpose of obtaining
more fire grate area and for causing the smoke and sulphur of the lower fire
to pass through the upper fire in the manner before described.
Secondly, the use of sliding dampers within the fire box for the purpose of
regulating and closing the draft at pleasure.
Thirdly, the arrangement of an ascending and unobstructed return draft
within the fire box.
Fourthly, the use of tubes across the fire box as bearers of an intermediate
or upper fire, and as bearers of the lower fire, and placing alternately two or
more common fire bars between the said tubes, as shewn and described.
Fifthly. The arrangement of an upper, central, and intermediate ash-pit
within the fire box, as shewn and described.
Sixthly, the forming by water spaces a passage or channel for the ashes of
the upper fire or fires to drop through into the common or lower ash-pit.
Seventhly, the arrangement and combination of an, internal blast chimney
flue for the purpose of creating and sustaining a firm blast of exhaust steam
before exposing such exhaust steam to cooling surfaces, condensation, and
absorption, and therefore before entering the tubular chimney.
Eighthly, the application and use of the exhaust steam and heated air after
having quitted the ordinary blast flue or chimney in combination with my
multitubular chimney.
Ninthly, the multitubular or multiwater space chimney described for the
several and collective purposes of generating steam, absorbing the heated air
that has left the heating surface of tubes and flues of boilers, absorbing the
flying exhausted steam after the same has produced the blast for the furnace,
condensing without vacuum the flying exhausted steam, and reproducing feed
water, which is pumped, coupled with the reserve supply, into the said multi-
tubular chimney or into the tubes or separate pipes contained in the improved
outer chimney, and this combination of means amounts to conveying back into
the boiler the whole of the exhausted steami.
Tenthly, the employment of cold air passage tubes in the flues or chimney
pipe, or the employment of tubes exposed in the open air, through which the
exhausted steam, vapour, and heated air pass, for the purpose in both cases of
promoting condensation and subsidation of the exhaust steam and water.
Eleventhly, the admitting cold air into the chimney flues for the purpose of
promoting condensation and subsidation of the exhaust steam and water.
Twelfthly, the passing the water of condensed exhaust steam through
filtering beds for the purpose of being rendered more fit to enter the boiler.

page_text: Thirteenthly, the employment of cotton and hempen waste and other mate-
rials for filters of exhaust steam water. And,
Fourteenthly, the employment of tube rods and cleaners in combinationwith
my multitubular chimney, as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Stead Crosland, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
J. S. CROSLAND. (L.S.)