Improvements in and relating to Vacuum Evaporating and Distilling Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 7th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Vacuum Evaporating and
Distilling Apparatus.
I, JAMES FOSTER, of Baltic Chambers, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows: -
This Invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction,
or arrangement and combination of the parts of apparatus for the evaporation
concentration and distillation under a vacuum or partial vacuum of sugar, caustic
soda lyes, and other liquors, in two, three, or more vessels on the principle or of the
character of triple or multiple effets," each vessel being of the horizontal tubular
construction, either ranged parallel in sequence in a horizontal or nearly horizontal
plane, or erected over each other in a vertical or nearly vertical plane. These
improvements are especially applicable to the horizontal arrangements of apparatus
for which the applicant made application for Patent No. 7343 May 2nd 1889.
The present improvements as applied to a set of three parallel horizontal tubular
evaporating and distilling vessels, consists in having the front end chambers at which
the juice or liquor to be treated is admitted to the tubes, and withdrawn from them,
preferably of cast iron or steel of a square box-like shape jointed at its back end to
the cylindrical steam heating tubular vessel, with a horizontal division plate across
the centre separating this chamber into two compartments or chambers the lower
being the juice and vapour delivery chamber as hereinafter explained. A separate
transverse narrow supply and regulating valve juice chamber is fitted above the
upper supply division chamber and entering ends of the upper heating tubes. The
fiout entering ends of the evaporating tubes of the upper half or division of this
chamber are expanded and secured into the front plate of the upper chamber making
this upper chamber into part of the steamheating chamber of the body of thetubular
evaporator; while the front ends of the lower return evaporating tubes are made
shorter and expanded and secured into the back wall of the lower division of this
front chamber, so that the juice circulating in the tubes is discharged into this lower
half of the chamber against one or more baffle plates, where the liquid falls to the
bottom of the chamber, and the vapour rises and escapes, as will hereinafter be
described, into the next henting chamber of the set. A removable narrow cased end
lid is jointed by flanges to the outer end of this duplex or triple chambered box,
having also a horizontal division corresponding to the division in the main box, and
transverse horizontal chambers and divisions above this across the open ends of each
of the rows of horizontal tubes in the upper half of this end box, the webs of these
chambers making a tight joint ou the tube plate between the rows of tubes, as suy
four rows of tubes. Corresponding vertical duets or ports are formed preferably two
at each side opening from a face plate in the front side of the upper juice supply
chamber, preferably two at each end of the vessel. The inner vertical port on the
right hand side would lead down to the horizontal supply chamber of the first row of
tubes, and the outer vertical port on the same side would lead down in like manner
to the horizontal supply chamber of the third row of tubes; while on the left
hand side the inner vertical port would lead down to the horizontal supply
chamber of the second row of tubes; and the outer vertical port and duct
would lead down to the horizontal supply chamber of the fourth row of tubes;
and a horizontal spindle or spindles in the said valve supply chamber would
actuate flap or other valves on the face ports leading to these said vertical ducts of
the several rows of tubes to open the valves either simultaneously or individually by
a lever or wheel on the one end of the valve spindle or spindles passed out through
a stuffing box in the liquid supply chamber regulated to supply the juice to the
several rows of tubes, proportionate to the number of tubes in each row, by clutches
or other equivalent on the spindles, which would allow of a differential movement of

page_text: the several valves proportionate to the number of tubes in the row supplied by it. At
the other or back end of these tubular evaporators, all the tubes would be expanded
and secured in the end tube plate of the vessel; and this end plato would have a
return cast iron duplex ported or chambered vessel or cover box secured by flanges
allround on to the outer end of the tube plate, having a vertical divisionweb between
a set of horizontal ports or chambers corresponding to each horizontal row of
tubes and webs between them jointed to the end plate separating off each row
of tubes. And the outer division of this chamber end box would have vertical
ports preferably three in number near the centre, leading to these several upper
and lower horizontal rows, with openings and plug covers above for getting at
them. The central vertical duct would lend down from the upper horizontal chamber
of the upper row of tubes, and open down to the lowest row of the return set of tubes
of the evaporator; while the vertical duct on one side, say the left hand side,
would open and lead down from the second row of tubes in the upper half of
the evaporator to the second lowest return row of tubes. While the third vertical
port or chamber would open and lead down from the third upper row of tubes,
to the third lower horizontal set of return tubes. And the fourth row of the upper set
of tubes would pass direct into the fourth lowest row of return tubes, by dispensing
with the central horizontal web dividing them, these rows of tubes being adjacent to
eachother in the centre of the evaporator. Thus the juicewould return in the several
rows of the lowerhalf or set of tubes at the same rate as it passed forward in thelike
rows of the upperhalf or sets of tubes,and bedelivered as before stated into thelower
chamber of the front box or vessel. This lower chamber would have a separate end
division on one side, from which the liquor would descend through a D pipe and cock
or valve to the lower end of a vertical adjacent division in the next delivery chamber
which would lead the juice up into the valve supply chamber of the next evaporator,
and so on throughout the set; while the upper end of this liquid chamber would lead
the vapour off through large branch pipes tothe upperhalf orheating chamber of the
end box of each evaporator in succession; a baffle plate or plates being fitted in this
discharge chamber to assist in the separation of the vapour from the juice which
would pass underneath the baffle plates. Side gauge glasses would be fitted outside
each dischargeliquid chamber of these vessels to showthe height of theliquid or juice
in them, the juice beingdrawn off from the chamber of the lastevaporator by a pump
for the purpose, worked by the engine of the air pump, and either circulated back to
the usual float valve chamber supplying the first evaporator, or drawn off for con-
centration and crystalization. The exhaust steam from the engine enters the upper
frontend of the first heating chamber of the evaporator,and the vapourfrom thefirst
juice delivery chamber of this rises and enters the front end of the heating chamber
of the second evaporator, and so on until the evaporated vapour from the discharge
chamber of the last evaporator is led off to the condenser of the air pump, which
condenser would preferably be of the construction which the applicant has made
application for Patent No. 9021 May 30 1889. Each evaporator would be fitted with
the usual traps for drawing off the condensed steam or vapour, and pipes leading to
the condensers,andalso the pipesfor equalizing the pressure in the severalevaporators
and traps led also to the condenser, a pump being preferably used to draw off the
water from the traps; und each evaporator would also be fitted with ammonia gas
drawing off pipes,andwithsteam or warmwater pipes forwashing out the evaporating
tubes when so desired.
Under another arrangement of my invention as applied to a triple effet, in which
the evaporators are placed vertically above or over each other, the front end duplex
chambers would be bolted by planed flanges steam tight to each other with ducts and
passages leading from one to the other aswill hereinafter be described, and with man-
hole doors on each heating chamber, and the juice circulating tubes would be set
horizontally and the front end duplex chambers of the top evaporator at which the
juice or liquor to be treated is admitted to the tubes and withdrawn from them would
be constructedand actsubstantiallythe same as in the first evaporator of the parallel
and horizontal evaporators described under the first arrangement, ouly that in this

page_text: ense sayfive or other number of horizontalsets or rows of inlet and return horizontal
tubes would be fitted in each heating chamber of the top and also in the chambers of
the under second and third evaporators. In this case the juice would be fed to one
valvo chamber onthe topfrom a float supplychamber above, substantiallyasdescribed
in reference to the first arrangement, only with five valves and vertical ports one to
each horizontal row of tubes, the spindle or spindles of the valve passing through a
stuffing box at one end or at opposite ends of the supply chamber: but in this
arrangement the juice would flow from the discharge chamber of the top evaporator
through five ports and vertical ducts, fitted with an equivalent arrangement of
horizontal clack valves or other suitable valves on top in the delivery chamber below
and in front of the baffle plate or plates to the inlet tubes of the second evaporator,
and from the discharge chamber of it in a similar manner to the inlet tubes of the
thirdand lowest evaporator, fromthe lower part ofwhich the juice or syrup would be
taken by a pipe to the juice circulating pump. In this arrangement the exhaust
steam would be led by a pipe from the engine to the heating chamber of the top
evaporator, and the hot vapour would pass from the lower chamber of the top
evaporator over division pockets and down vertical ducts on each side inside the
baffle plates to the upper heating chamber of the second evaporator to heat the juice
evanorating tubes in it, and then pass in like manner from the lower chamber
of this to the top heating chamber of the third or lowest evaporator to heat the tubes
in it; and the vapour would be led from the lower part of this up a single vertical
duct at one side through the whole of the front chambers to the exhaust pipe leading
to the condenser. Each back return end box or cover chamber of this vertical
arrangement of evaporators would be constructed substantially similar to the former
horizontal arrangement, having one division of its chamber formed into horizontal
pockets or duets in line with each corresponding row of tubes in the upper inlet and
lower return sets: and with vertical pockets or duets leading from these respective
sets of tubes fromthe upper to thelower sets asdescribed in reference to thehorizontal
arrangement of evaporators: and each henting part of the evaporators would be fitted
with a separate trap for receivingthe condensedwater from it.and have pipes leading
from these traps to the pump, or to the air pump, and have pipes leading to the
condenser from each trap and from eachvapour andjuicedelivery chamberto equalise
the pressure in these, and have ammonia gas drawing off pipes, and washing out
pipes, and have gauge glasses fitted on the outside of the lower delivery juice
chambers of each evaporator to be able to regulate the descharge of the juice through
the valves andports allsubstantially as in the formerhorizontal parallelarian ement.
The inlet ends of all the evaporating or heating tubes both of the upper and return
tubes, would in these two arrangements be fitted with vena contracto nozzles, and
with spiral vanes attached to them, both of which could be easily withdrawn by the
removal of the end covers of the tube plates, to cause the liquid to have a better
irculation and surface heating effect and freer evaporation in the large parts of the
tubes. When it is desired in either of these horizontal arrangements of triple or
multiple effets to isolate any one or two of them from the others, the juice might be
led fromthe overhead floatsupply cisternby a common pipe with a branch and tap or
valve leading into the supply chamber of each of the evaporators. to be used or shut
off at will. While a branch andcock or valvewould he led from the delivery chamber
of each evaporator leading to one common pipe for drawing off the juice from any
one of the evaporators desired by opening the valve. And a common exhaust steam
pipe from the engine would also have a branch with separate valves leading to each
of thetubeheatingchambers of the evaporators, tobe closed or openedasdesired to shut
off or supply the steam to the heating chamber of any one of the evaporators. While
nlike mannertheexhaustvapourfromtheheatingchamber ofanyone of the evaporators
night be led by a common pipe and valvesto any or bothof the othertwo evaporators
of the triple effet, when any one evaporator of the set was desired to be isolated.
Dated the 12th November 1889.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Vacuum Evaporating and
Distilling Apparatus.
I, JAMES FOSTER, of Baltic Chambers, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, referencebeing had to the accompanyingthree Sheets
of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction,
or arrangement and combination of the parts of apparatus for the evaporation,
concentration and distillation under a vacuum or partial vacuum of sugar, caustic
soda lyes, and other liquors, passing through horizontal tubes in two three, or more
vessels on the principle or of the character of "triple or multiple effets" or effects
each vessel being of the horizontal tubular construction, either ranged parallel in
sequence in a horizontal or nearly horizontal plane, or erected over each other in a
vertical or nearly vertical plane. These improvements are especially applicable to
the horizontal arrangements of apparatus for which the applicant made application
for Patent No. 7343 May 2nd 1889, in which the liquid to be evaporated passes
through the tubes.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice maybe properly understood. I havehereunto appended
three explanatorySheets of Drawings in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 on Sheet 1 is
a sectional end elevation of the first two A. A², of a horizontal set of evaporators
working triple or multiple "effet” side by side in a horizontal parallel plane thefirst
evaporator A', being shown on a section line 0 --- 0 through the cover D', and the
-1 in the double box chamberC.
second A, shown as taken on the sectional line 1
both in Figure 2. And Figure 2 is a sectional elevation at right angles to Figure 1,
as taken on the line 2---2 of the double box chamber C, in Figure 1. Figure 3 is
a plan view or horizontal section corresponding to Figure 1 of the front double
chambered boxes C. and their front end covers D', D', in section on the irregular
line 33 Figure 1. Figures 4 and 5 are sectional end and side views respectively
of the back end box cover E of each of the evaporators A1, A2, A3, as taken on the
lines 44 and 5---5 each on the opposite figures. And Figure is a plan of
this back end cover E corresponding to Figure 4. Figure 7 on Sheet 2 is a front
endelevation showing a generalarrangement of thethree evaporating vessels A¹.A³.A³,
shown in detail Figures 1 to 6 as ranged parallel side by side in a horizontal plane
on the top of supportinglongitudinal and transverse girder frames z z¹ carried on
columns Eigures 6A. and 7 A on Sheets 1 and 2 show sectional side and end
views of different arrangements of valves for supplying the juice or liquor to the
different horizontal rows of evaporating tubes, proportionate to the number of tubes
in each row. These Figures 1. to 7 Sheets 1 and 2 show my improvements as applied
to this improved horizontal parallel arrangement of evaporators. FigureSonSheet3
shows a sectionalside elevation of thefrontendof a set of three evaporatorsA³.Aª,A³,
arranged and workingtriple effet horizontally in a vertical plane over each other, the
front boxes C of the upper first and second evaporators A' A being shown in
section as taken on the line 1 - 1 Figure 9. And Figure 9 is an end sectional
elevation of the arrangement corresponding to Figure 8, and taken at right angles to
this on the irregular line 2---2 Figure 8. Figure 10 is a plan of the box C of the
upper evaporator A'with the cover of the inlet or supply valve chamber Dremoved;
and Figure 11 is a sectional plan corresponding to Figure 10. but taken on the
horizontal line 3 - - - 3 Figure 9. These Figures 8 to 11 show my improvements as
applied this new or improved horizontal arrangement of tubular evaporators placed
vertically over each other.
---
Referring to Figures 1 to 7 Sheets 1 and 2 of these Drawings:-The present

page_text: improvements as applied to a set of three or more parallel tubular evaporating and
distilling vessels A³, A, A, in horizontal plane, consist in having the front end
chest C, at which the juice or liquor to be treated is admitted to the upper tubes B,
and withdrawn from the lower set of tubes B' preferably of cast iron or cast steel of
a squarebox-like shape eachjointed tothe cylindrical steamhealing tubular vesselA,
by its back end at a with a horizontal division plate C across the centre, separating
this chest C into two compartments or chambers C₁,C", the lower C" being the juice
and vapour separating and delivery chamber as hereinafter explained, the upper
chamber C forming a part of or being in direct communication with the heating
chamber A of each evaporator. A separate trausverse narrow supply and regulating
valve juice chamber D is fitted above the upper supply division chamber C¹ and
entering ends and end walls or plates c of the upper heating tubes 13, of each
evaporator of the set, the first feeding chamber D being supplied with juice through
the branch I' from the usual float feed chest I above. The front eutering ends of
the evaporating tubes 3 of the upper half or division C¹ of this chamber are
expandedandsecuredinto the front end wall or plate c of the upper chamber making
this upper chamber C' into part of the steam heating chamber A of the body of the
tubular evaporator; while the front ends of the lower return evaporating tubes B¹
are made shorter and expanded and secured into the back wall or plate cof the
lower division C" of this front chamber,so that the juice circulating in the tubes]¹,
is discharged into this lower half or chamber C of the chest C against one or
more louvre board baffle plates C³, where the liquid falls to the bottom of the
chamber, and the vapour rises and escapes, as will hereinafter be described, into the
heating chamber CA of the next evaporator A of the set, and so far substantially
the same as described in reference to Figures 1 to 3, of the said former Patent.
A removable narrow cased end lid. D¹ is jointed by flanges to the outer end c of this
duplex or triple chambered boxC, having also a horizontal divisionDcorresponding
to the division C in the main chest C, and transverse horizontal chamber and
divisions to 6' above this across the open ends of each row of horizontal
tubes B, B, B, B, in the upper half of this eud box D¹, the web division between
these chambers making a tight joint on the tube plate c between the transverse rows
of tubes B as say four rows of tubes. Corresponding vertical ducts d, and ports and
valves are formed.preferably two dd,and d²,d,at each side, opening from a valve
face plate D" in the front or lower side of the upper juice supply chamber D of each
evaporator of the set. as seen particularly in Figures 1 to 3 and 6 A. 7A. The inner
vertical port/ou the right hand side leads down to the horizontal supply chamber
of the first or top row of tubesB.and the outer vertical port on the same side leads
down in like manner to the horizontal supply chamber of the third rowof tubes B:
while on the left hand side the inner vertical port d leads down to the horizontal
supplychamber of the second row of tubesB; and the outer vertical portand ductd.
on the same side leads down to the horizontal supply chamber 6 of the fourth and
last row of the upper set of tubes B, as shown particularly in Figure 1; and a
horizontal spindle D or spindles in the said valve supply chamber D of each
evaporator of the set actuates flap or other equivalent valves d to on the face
ports in the plate D" leading to these said vertical ducts d of the several rows of
tubes B to open the valves either simultaneously or individually by a weighted
closing lever D³ as shown in Figures 1 and 3 and 8 to 11 actuated by a cord D, or
by a wheel and chain D' shown in Figures 6A, 7 A on the outer end of the valve
spindle D or spindles passed out through a stuffing box in one end of the liquid
supply chamber D the valves being regulated to supply the juice to the several
horizontal rows of tubes B. proportionate to the number of tubes in each row, by
clutches or other equivalent on the spindles D³, and valves d', to d, which would
allow of a differential movement or corresponding variation of lap and lead of the
several valves proportionate to the number of tubes in the rows supplied by them,
and as shown more particularly in the edge and side sectional views Figures6A.7A.
hereinafter described. As seen in Figures 4 to 6, at the back end of these tubular
evaporators A', A³, A³, all the tubes B, B', are expanded and secured in one end

page_text: tube plate of the vessel; and this end plate c has a return cast iron duplex ported
or chambered chest or box E secured by flanges at a¹ all round on to the outer end of
the tube plate having a vertical division web E", separating this into a horizontal
set of cross chambers E, E, the inner division E being divided into a set of
horizontal ports or chambers e and e¹ respectively corresponding to each horizontal
row of the tubes B in the upper set,and B'of the lower set and havingdivisionwebs e"
between these cross chambers e and e' jointed to the end plates separating off each
row of tubes. And the outer division 2 of this chamber end box E has vertical ports
und ducts preferably three in number nearthe centre, leading from the several
upper horizontal rows e to the lower horizontal rows a¹, respectively with openings
and plug covers at E above for getting at these vertical ducts. The central vertical
duct leads down from the upper horizontal chamber e of the upper row of tubes 1,
and down to the transverse duct e¹ of the lowest row of the return set of tubes B¹
of each evaporator; while the vertical duct on one side, say the left hand side,
opens and leads down from the cross duct e of the second row of tubes B, in the
upper half of each evaporator to the transverse duct c' of the second lowest return
row of tubes B'. While the third vertical port or chamber c' opens and leads down
from the third upper row of tubes B. to the transverse duct of the third lower
horizontal set of return tubes B. And the fourth row of the upper set of tubes B,
passes direct into the fourth lowest row of return tubes B' by dispensing with the
central horizontal web en dividing them, these rows of tubes being adjacent to each
other in the centre of the evaporator, and all as indicated by the arrows in Figures 4
and 5. Thus the juice would return in the several respective rows of the lower half
or set of the tubes 13' at nearly the same rate as it passed forward in the like rows
of the upper half or set of tubes 33, and be delivered as before stated into the
lower chamber C" of the front chest or vessel C. This lower chamber C" lias a
separate end division or opening f on one side from which the liquor descends
through a double or D branch pipe fand cock or valve f" to the lower end of a
verticaladjacent divisionfin the next delivery chamber, which would lead the juice
up into the valve supply chamber D of the next evaporator, and so on throughout
the set, by the power of the increased vacuum in the several evaporators from A¹
to A3, the latter being directly connected by the branch F and pipe Fs to the
condenser Fs. While the upper end of the division at f³ of each chamber C" leads
the vapour off direct through the large branch pipe F to the upper half
or division (" of the end heating chest or box C, of each evaporator in
succession; one or more sets of louvre board baffle plates (3 being fitted in
each liquid and vapour discharge and separating chamber C" to assist in
the separation of the vapour from the juice which would pass through
and underneath the baffle plates C, up direct through the division channel f
to the chamber C₁ of the next evaporator all as indicated by the arrows in Figures 1
to 3. Side gauge glasses g are fitted outside each discharge liquid chamber C" of
these vessels to show the height of the liquid or juice in them, the juice being drawn
off from the opening f,fin the chamber C" of the last evaporator through a cockand
pipe ff direct to a pump fe for the purpose, worked by the engine of the air pump,
and either circulated back to the usual float valve chamber Ď supplying the first
evaporator A, or drawn off for concentration and crystalization. The exhaust
steam from the engine enters the upper front end chamber C¹, of the chest C of the
first evaporator A. by a branch at F, through a pipe and stop valve G. G₁, leading
from an exhaust steam receiver G³.supplied with exhaust steam by the pipe G³,from
the engine working the air pump of the condenser F³, shown at G in Figure 7, the
steam receiver G2 being supported by strong straps or other equivalent from the
girder framing z. z¹, carrying the evaporators: and the vapour from the first juice
delivery chamber (" of the first evaporator A', rises and enters the front end C¹ of
the heating chest Cof the second evaporator A, through the branches F,F, and so
ou until the evaporated vapour fromthedischarge chamberCof thelastevaporators
is led off by its branch F¹ and pipe F2 to the condenser Fs of the air pump G, which
condenser F³ would preferably be of the construction for which the applicant has

page_text: obtained Letters l'atent No.9021 May 30th 1889. Each heating vesselAof the evapo-
rators A', A2, A3, would be fitted with the usual drain pipes i and traps i, i", for
drawing off the condensed steam or vapour,and pipes leading to the pumps³ and
air pump G, and also the pipes for equalizing the pressure in the several evapo-
rators, and traps"led also to the condenser,a pump being preferably used to draw
off the water from the traps "; and euch evaporator would also be fitted with
ammonia gas drawing off pipes and with equalizing pressure pipes at top and bottom
at and with steam or warm water pipes at h' for washing out the evaporating
tubes B, B', when so desired.
Referring to the arrangement of my invention shown in Figures 8 to 11, Sheet 3,
ns applied to a triple effect, in which the horizontal evaporators A¹‚A³‚A³, are placed
vertically above or over each other, the front end duplex chambers Care bolted by
planed flanges at steam tight to each other with juice valves, ports, ducts d to d
and vapour ducts C', C, leading downwards from one evaporator to the other as will
hereinafter be described, and with manhole doors at C on each heating chamber C'.
The juice circulating tubes B, 13, are set horizontally through their heaters A, and
the front end duplex chambers C, C", of the top evaporator A' at which the juice or
liquor to be treated is admitted to the tubes 1, 1, and withdrawn from them is
constructed and acts substantiallythe same as in the first evaporator A'of the parallel
and horizontal evaporators described under the first arrangement, Figures 1 to 7
Sheets 1 and 2 only that in this case say five or other number of horizontal sets
or rows of inlet and return horizontal tubes B and B are fitted in each heating
chamber of the top and also in the chamber of the under second and third evapo-
rator AA. In this case the juice is led from an ordinary float supply chamber I
and branch I above, not shown in the Drawings, to one regulating feeding
valve chamber D on the upper chest C for the whole set substantially as described
in reference to the first arrangement. Figures 1 to 7, only with five vertical
ducts and ports and valves d', to d³, as seen particularly in Figures 8 to 11,
formed in the front end box portable coversD',one to each horizontal row of ductsb'
to and tubes B, the spindle or spindles D2 of the valves to d passing through a
stuffing box at one end or at opposite ends of the supply chamber 1), and fitted with
a balance lever D³ and hand rod or cord D on its outer end; but in this arrange-
ment the juice flows from the discharge chamberCof the top evaporator A' through
five vertical ducts & fitted with an equivalentarrangement of fiveliorizontal ports and
cluck valves to do, or other suitable or oscillating valves such as shown in
Figures 6A, 7 A on top, in the delivery chamber below and in front of the louvre
board baffle plate or plates to the horizontal ducts 'to of the cover D' at the
entrance to the inlet tubes 33 of the second evaporator A² and from the discharge
chamber C of it in a similar manner to the inlet tubes of the third and lowest
evaporator A, from the lower part of which the juice or syrup would be taken by a
pipe at D³ to the juice circulating pump. In this arrangement with five vertical rows
or sets of horizontal tubes in each upper and lower division the spindle D³ would
raise the valves over its ports and ducts first, to supply the juice to the lowest
horizontal row of tubes, this row having the greatest number of tubes B. and the
spindle would next lift the valve over its ports and ducts to supply the juice to the
next lowest row of tubesBat b'having a less number than the former and the spindle
would then lift the valve over its ports and ducts to supply the juice to the third
row of tubes 13³, and the valve over its ports and ducts would then open to
supplythe juice to the second row of tubes B., from the top.having the second last
number of tubes in the row. Whilethe spindlewould lift the valve over the central
port and duct to supply the juice to the top horizontal set B with the least number
of tubes, all so as to supply a quantity of juice to the tubes proportionate to the
number in each row, the adjacent valves however might be made by segmental
couplings at their eyes to thus proportionally open each other, as will be understood
from the sectional view Figure 6 A, or in the oscillating valves Figure 7 A with pro-
portionate lap and lead. In this arrangement the exhaust steam would be led by a
pipe from the engine to the entrance branch F* of the heating chamber C¹ of the

page_text: chest C of the top evaporator A', and the hot vapour would pass from the lower
separating chamber C of the top evaporator A' over division pockets and down
vertical ducts Con each side inside or outside the baffle plates C direct to the
upper heating chamber of the chest Cand heater A of the second evaporator A² 10
heat the juice evaporating tubes B, B, in it, and then pass in like manner from the
lower chamber of this to the top heating chamber of the chest C of the third
or lowest evaporator A³ to heat the tubes 15, B' in it; and the vapour would be led
from the lower chamber C of this third evaporator A³ up a single vertical ductCat
one side through the whole of the front chests C to the exhaust branch and pipe F
leading to the condenser F³. Each back return end box or cover chamber E of this
vertical arrangement of horizontal evaporators A', A2, A3, would be constructed sub-
stantiallysimilar totheformer parallel horizontalarrangement, described in reference
to Figures 1 to7, but having one division of its chamber formed into fivehorizontal
pockets or ducts e and e¹ in line with each corresponding row of tubes B, and B' in
the upper inlet, and lower return sets; and with four vertical pockets or ducts to³
leading from these respective sets of tubes Band B' from the relative upper to the
lower sets as described in reference to the horizontal arrangement of evaporators in
Figures 1 to 6. Both in the parallel and in the vertical horizontal arrangement of
these evaporators, sets of differentially opening flap valves d¹ to d³ are fitted in each
of the supply chambers 1, Figures 1 to 7, and in the supply chambers D and
separating chambers C in Figures 8 to 11, those in the supply chambers D being
arranged vertically and those in the separating chambersC"being shown as arranged
horizontally as shown in Figures 8 to 11, and so fitted on their spindles De as to act
and open differentially off corresponding ports and vertical ducts d in the manner
described, in proportion to the number of tubes in the horizontal ducts 61 to 75 and
tubes B in the rows which they supply as shown particularly in Figures 9 and in
the enlarged scale views Figures 6 and 7 A. Thus one or more of the valves d'
to may be secured to the spindleDby pins or otherwise, as indicated at valve No.1
in Figure 6A, while all the other valves numbers 2, 3 and 4 could be mounted loose
on the spindle and close by weights /,secured on them, so that they may be opened
by the adjacent valves. Thus the fixed valves d' marked 1, which would first open
by movement of the spindle to supply the juice to thefourthorlowest row andgreatest
number of tubes 13 might by clutches on its eye and on its adjacent valve d
marked 3 open this to supply the juice to the third highest row of tubes B, while the
valved marked 2 might be opened by a clutch ring j' secured to the spindle D² to
supply the juice to the second lowest row of tubes B, and this valve marked 2,
might by a clutch at on its eye open the valve marked 4; which would be the
last to open to supply the juice to the top row of tubes B, which requires the least
opening of the valve the valves opening in series as numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4, all as
indicated in Figure 6 A. in an exaggerated open form. Referring to Figures 7 A
Sheet2, this shows an arrangement of valve spindleD³, working circular or segmental
valves, to ', marked 1, 2, 3, 4, secured on it by pinching screws or otherwise,
turned to work overbored faces and ports in thelower part of the juice chamber]),
in the ease of Figures1 to7, and itmight be the lower froutpart of the juice delivery
chamber C inFigures 8 to 11. Thesevalves ' to 'would have cover over the ports
sufficient to allow themto open in sequence.asdescribed, overthese ports in proportion
to the greater number of tubes B in each row which they supplied, by the turning
of the chain wheel D' outside the valve chest; and vice versa shut them by turning
them in the other direction, cutting off the liquid in the ratio of the tubes to be
supplied.
Each henting part A of the evaporators A', A2, A3. might be fitted with drain
pipes and separate traps or for receiving the condensed water, and have taps
and pipes leading from these traps to the pump, or to the air pump, and have
pipes leading to the condenser F³ from each trap i", and pipes from each vapour
and juice delivery chamber to equalise the pressure in these, and have ammonia gas
drawing off pipes h, and washing out pipes h, and have gauge glasses y fitted on the
outside of the lower delivery juice chambers C of each evaporator to be able to

page_text: regulate the discharge of the juice through the valves and ports all substantially as
in the horizontal parallel arrangement Figures 1 to 7.
The inlet ends 1 of all the evaporating or heating tubes both of the upper and
return sets of tubes B and B', in these two, arrangements Figures 1 to 7 and 8 to 11
would preferably be corrugated at B and fitted with vena contracta nozzles at B³,
either with or without spiral bladed vanes atB³attached to these, both of whichcould
be easily withdrawn by the removal of the frout and end cover D1, and the back end
cover Eat the back tube plate to cause the liquid to have a better circulating and
surface heating effect and freer evaporation in the large parts of the tubes B, B¹, as
described more particularly in reference to figure 6 of my said former Patent
No. 7343 May 2 1889. When it is desired in the horizontal arrangement of these
triple or multiple effets arranged side by side Figures 1 to 7 to isolate any one or
two of them from the others, the juice might be led from the overhead ordinaryfloat
supply cistern I, by a common pipe with a branch and tap or valve leading into the
supply chamber.D) of each of the evaporators AA, A. to be used or shut off at will.
While a branch and cock or valve would he led fromthedelivery chamberof each
evaporator A1,A2,A3.leading to one common pipe for drawing off the juice from any
one of the evaporators desired by opening the valve. And a common exhaust steam
pipe from the enginewould alsohave a branchwith separate valves leading to each of
the tube heating chambers C¹ in the chest C of the evaporators A'A A³ to be closed
or opened as desired to shut off or supply the steam or vapour to theheating chamber
of any one of the evaporators. While in like manner the exhaust vapour from the
heating chamber of any one of the evaporators might be led by a common pipe
and valves to any or both of the other two evaporators of the triple effect, when any
one evaporator of the set was desired to be isolated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. In apparatus for the vacuum distillation and evaporation of sugar juice and
other liquids in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes. in vessels of the
character of triple or multiple effects.either arranged parallel side by side in a hori-
zontal plane, or vertically over each other, the use of special juice supply and return
juice and vapour ported chests at the front,and circulating portedand channel chests
at the back, through which the upper and lowerhorizontal rows of tubes are respec-
tively connected in the manner herein described and shown so that the juice flows
through each individual row of the upper set from front to back, and in the lower set
from back to front respectively, and either with or without vena contracta nozzles at
the inletends of the tubes, substantially as hereindescribed in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In apparatus for thevacuum distillation and evaporation of sugarjuice and
other liquids, in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes, in vessels of the
character of triple or multiple effects, either arranged parallel side by side in a
horizontal plane or vertically over each other.the use of differentially moved valves
mounted on a spindle or spindles and vertical and horizontal ducts or channels
for regulating the supply of liquor to each respective row of tubes in the upper
set commencing at the top, and to the corresponding rows of tubes in the lower set
commencing with the lowest, from a supply chest on the first evaporator, and
from each return chamber to the inlet chamber of the others in the series.
substantially as and in the manner herein described in reference to and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In apparatus for the vacuum distillation and evaporation of sugar juice
and other liquids in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes in vessels of
the character of triple or multiple effects, either arranged parallel side by side in a
horizontal plane, or vertically over each other, the construction of hollow end boxes
or chests at the front supply ends and back return ends of the tubes, having vertical
ducts leading the liquid to horizontal ducts for each horizontal row of tubes in the

page_text: upper set, and down from these at the back to return to the corresponding row of
return tubes in the under setrespectively, substantiallyashereindescribedin reference
to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In apparatusforthe vacuumdistillation and evaporation ofsugar juice and
other liquids in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes in vessels of the
character of triple or multiple effects arranged parallel side by side in a horizontal
plane or vertically over each other, the use of a supply juice or liquid chamber with
regulating valves above the firstor inletvapour supplydivision of theheating chamber
and entering ends of the upper evaporatingtubes, substantially asherein described in
reference to, and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In apparatus forthe vacuumdistillation and evaporation of sugar juice and
other liquids in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes in vessels of the
character of triple or multiple effects, arranged parallel side by side in a horizontal
plane, the use of a vertical close duct in one side of the front end of each duplex
heating and discharge separating chamber after the first, for conveyingthe juicefrom
the lower separating chamber of the first evaporator by a short pipe and cock up to
the top supply chamber of the next evaporator successively throughout the set.
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Sixth. In apparatusfor the vacuum distillation and evaporation of sugar juice and
other liquids in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes in vessels of the
character of triple or multiple effects, either arranged parallel side by side in a hori-
zontal plane, or vertically over each other, the use of removable end covers on the
front and back of each evaporator, with vertical and horizontal channels leading to
and from the respective horizontal rows of tubes, substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh. In apparatus for the vacuum distillation and evaporation of sugar juice
and otherliquids in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes in vessels of the
character of triple or multiple effects arranged parallel side by side in a horizontal
plane, the use of inletand deliverysteam or vapour chestswith a division web between
them, connected by their exhaust vapour branches to lead the vapour direct off from
the delivery chest of the first evaporator to the inlet chest of the second, and from the
latter to the next in succession, without pipes, substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 3 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth. In apparatus for the vacuum distillation and evaporation of sugar juice
and otherliquids in which the liquid passes through horizontal tubes in vessels of the
character of triple or multiple effects ranged vertically over eachother, the construc-
tion and fitting of inlet and delivery chests over each other with a division web
between them at the front end with side vertical descending pockets and ascending
ducts for the separating and delivery of the vapour from the one evaporator to the
heating chamber of the next,and fromthe last evaporator direct to the top.and to the
condenser of the air-pump.substantiallyas herein described in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Dated the 29th April 1890.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.