Opposite Direction to the Motive Force.
Year: 1887

page_text: Opposite Direction to the Motive Force.
I WILLIAM HAMILTON HALL, of Moorside, Redhill, in the county of Surrey,
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention is for the purpose of utilizing a current of force which moves from
an outside source in a given direction, so as to obtain therefrom power for moving
bodies in an immediately opposite direction thereto. In order to effect this purpose,
it is necessary in the first place, that the body to be moved should be provided with a
means suitable to its nature, for giving effect to the motive power and enabling it to
move freely in a given direction under the influence of the motive power, such as
wheels which are in contact with the ground and revolve upon or in fixed connection
with an axle, upon which the body is supported, or, in the case of a floating body, a
propeller which is in contact with the fluid upon or in which the body floats. It is
further necessary that the said body should be provided with a means for receiving
and converting to the purpose in view, the pressure of the motive force, suitable
to the nature of the said force, such as a drum or reel upon or around which may be
wound a cord (the cord in this case acting as the immediate agent of an outside force)
or sails arranged in a manner similar to those of a windmill (the wind in this case
constituting the motive force) and the said means are hereinafter collectively termed
"the receiver." The receiver is connected with the body to be moved in such manner
that when actuated the said body may by its means be moved in any given direction.
And the receiver may be directly connected as aforesaid, as where it is immediately
connected with the axle, or the shaft of the propeller above referred to or may be so
connected by suitable intermediate mechanical means for transmitting its motion, and
the said last inentioned means are hereinafter collectively termed "the transmitter."
In order further to effect my invention it is necessary to ascertain the resistance of
the body to be moved. This would be substantially represented in the case of a body
supported upon wheels which rest upon the ground by the radius of the wheels
intended to be actuated by means of the receiver, or, in the case of a floating body by
the radius and general dimensions and effectiveness of the propeller. The resistance

page_text: having been determined it is necessary that the receiver or the receiver and trans-
mitter (where the latter is used) in combination, shall be proportioned and adjusted in
relation thereto in such manner that the mechanical power of the same is in excess of
the resistance in other words, that such proportion and adjustment shall afford to the
motive force, a leverage over the resistance." This excess or leverage will constitute
the power derived and available for moving the body in a direction immediately
opposed to the direction of the motive force. I use the words "force" and "power
as distinctive terms. And my invention consists in moving bodies in a given direction
by the utilization of a current of force moving from an outside source in an imme-
diately opposite direction by means of leverage power obtained and applied in manner
aforesaid, of which leverage power the ground or fluid (as the case may be) which
supports the weight of the body to be moved, constitutes the fulcrum.
The following are some of the practical uses, to which my invention may be applied,
videlicet: A cord wound upon or around a receiver consisting of a drum or reel in
connection with and actuating an axle and wheels of a carriage or the propeller of a
floating vessel, may, if drawn in one direction, be used to drive the said carriage or
vessel in an immediately opposite direction. And by the employment of a receiver
consisting of sails arranged like those of a windmill, any such carriage or vessel may
be driven or sailed, by the power derivable by my invention from the force of the
wind, in a direction immediately opposed thereto, or, in other words, directly against
the wind. And a carriage provided with a receiver having floats, similar to a paddle
wheel propeller, in connection with and actuating and axle an wheels, may be driven
by the power derivable by my. invention from the force of a stream of water running
beneath it in a direction immediately opposed to the course of the stream, or directly
against it. It must be understood however that the application of my invention is not
limited to these or any particular uses.
Dated the 111 L
1007
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Means for Utilizing Force to Move Bodies in an Immediately
Opposite Direction to the Motive Force.
I, WILLIAM HAMILTON HALL, of Moorside, Redhill, in the county of Surrey
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention is for the purpose of utilizing a current of force which moves from
an outside source in a given direction so as to obtain therefrom power for moving
bodies in an immediately opposite direction thereto. In order to effect this purpose
it is necessary in the first place that the body to be moved should be provided with a
means suitable to its nature for giving effect to the motive power and enabling it to move
freely in a given direction under the influence of the motive power, such as wheels which
are in contact with the ground and revolve upon or in fixed connection with an axle
upon which the body is supported or, in the case of a floating body, a propeller which
is in contact with the fluid upon or in which the body floats. It is further necessary
that the said body should be provided with a means for receiving and converting to
the purpose in view the pressure of the motive force suitable to the nature of the
said force, such as a druin or reel upon or around which may be wound a cord (the
cord in this case acting as the immediate agent of an outside force) or sails arranged
in a manner similar to those of a windmill (the wind in this case constituting the
motive force) and the said means are hereinafter collectively termed "the receiver."
The receiver is connected with the body to be moved in such manner that when
actuated the said body may by its means be moved in any given direction; and
the receiver may be directly connected as aforesaid as where it is immediately
connected with the axle or the shaft of the propeller above referred to or may be
so connected by suitable intermediate mechanical means for transmitting its motion
and the said last mentioned means are hereinafter collectively termed “the
transmitter."
In order further to effect my invention it is necessary to ascertain the resistance
of the body to be moved. This would be substantially represented in the case of
a body supported upon wheels which rest upon the ground by the radius of the wheels
intended to be actuated by means of the receiver or, in the case of a floating body, by the
radius or general dimensions of the propeller. The resistance having been determined it
is necessary that the receiver or the receiver and transmitter (where the latter is used)
in combination shall be proportioned and adjusted in relation thereto in such manner
that the mechanical power of the same is in excess of the resistance, in other words,
that such proportion and adjustment shall afford to the motive force a leverage over the
resistance. This excess or leverage will constitute the power derived and available for
moving the body in a direction immediately opposed to the direction of the motive

page_text: force. I use the words "force" and "
"
power as distinctive terms. And my
invention consists in moving bodies in a given direction by the utilization of a current
of force moving from an outside source in an immediately opposite direction by means
of leverage power obtained and applied in manner aforesaid of which leverage power
the ground or fluid, as the case may be, which supports the weight of the body to be
moved constitutes the fulcrum.
with
In referring above to the "resistance" which it is necessary to overcome in order to
effect my invention I have used the expression "substantially represented
reference to its quantum. I have used that expression as applying to that particular
and vital portion of the resistance which it is essential to have in mind in carrying out
the invention and to refer to for the purposes of this description. But it is to be
explained that in order to effectuate my invention not only must the resistance which
is "substantially represented "be overcome, but the leverage power must be in excess
of the total resistance made up of everything else that offers resistance to motion in
the direction desired, whether in the nature of direct obstruction such as that offered
by the exposed surface of a body itself in moving against the wind, or indirect
obstruction such as imperfection or friction of parts.
The following are some of the practical uses to which my invention may be applied,
viz. a cord wound upon or around a receiver consisting of a drum or reel in connec-
tion with and actuating an axle and wheels of a carriage or the propeller of a floating
vessel, may if drawn in one direction be used to drive the said carriage or vessel in
an immediately opposite direction and by the employment of a receiver consisting of
sails arranged like those of a windmill any such carriage or vessel may be driven or
sailed by the power derivable by my invention from the force of the wind in a direction
immediately opposed thereto or in other words directly against the wind.
carriage provided with a receiver having floats similar to a paddle wheel propeller in
connection with and actuating an axle and wheels may be driven by the power derivable
by my invention from the force of a stream. of water running beneath it in a direction
immediately opposed to the course of the stream or directly against it. It must be
distinctly understood however that the application of my invention is not limited to
these or any particular uses.
And a
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same
by reference to the accompanying drawings the several figures of which represent
simple illustrations of some of the many different ways in which my invention may
be carried into practice. Similar reference letters indicate similar or corresponding
parts throughout the drawings.
Figure 1 represents a simple form of wheeled carriage which can be driven or
sailed by the power derivable from the force of the wind in a direction immediately
opposed thereto.
"the
In this case a is a wind wheel or fan mounted on a shaft a' and acts as
receiver" for receiving and converting to motive purposes the pressure of the wind;
is an endless screw or worm and c a serrated or worm wheel which serve as inter-
mediate mechanical means for transmitting the motion of the wheel or fan a to the
axle of the wheels d d which means are collectively termed as aforesaid "the
transmitter." e is a rigid wind sail for the purpose of balancing the carriage and
keeping it automatically in the wind's eye. When the wheel or fan a is caused to
revolve by the pressure of the wind on its front face, the wheels d d are turned and
move the carriage freely in a forward direction. The resistanco" which has to be
overcome in this case is substantially represented by the radius of the wheels d d and.
the requisite "leverage" in excess thereof is afforded to the motive force by the
proportion and adjustment in relation to the resistance of the "receiver" a and the
"transmitter bc in combination. The ground upon which the carriage rests and
which supports its weight constitutes in this case the necessary fulcrum for the employ-
ment of the leverage obtained as aforesaid.
"
Figure 2 represents a simple form of floating body or vessel which can also be
driven or sailed by the power derivable as aforesaid from the force of the wind in a
direction immediately opposed thereto. In this case the wind wheel-a is used as the

page_text: receiver and is directly connected with the body to be moved by an immediate connection
with one end of a shaft a mounted in bearings on the body the other end of the
shaft being provided with a screw propeller de¹ is a projecting false keel to assist in
keeping the vessel in the wind's eye and e is a rigid stern sail having a like object.
When the wheel a is operated by the pressure of the wind on its front face the
propeller d is revolved in a direction to propel the vessel forwards and it will move
in that direction freely. The resistance in this case is substantially represented by the
general dimensions of the propeller d and the requisite leverage is afforded to the
motive force by the proportion and adjustment in relation to the resistance of the sails
or vanes of the receiver a. The water upon which the vessel floats and which supports
its weight, constitutes in this case the necessary fulcrum.
Figures 3 and 4 represent an elevation and plan of another simple form of floating
body or boat which can be driven by the power derivable as aforesaid from any outside
force in a direction immediately opposed thereto. In this case I make use of a cord a³
wound around a wheel or drum a in connection with and actuating paddle
propellers dd. The cord in this case acts as the immediate agent of some outside
force which draws it in one direction whilst the boat is propelled forward in an
immediately opposite direction. In this instance the wheel a is the receiver" and is
directly connected as aforesaid by an immediate connection with the shaft of the
propellers d d. And the "resistance" in this case is substantially represented by the
radius from the paddle shaft a of the paddle floats, the requisite leverage being
afforded to the motive force by the proportion and adjustment in relation to the
resistance of the receiver a. The water constitutes in this case also the necessary
fulcrum.
Figures 5 and 6 represent a longitudinal and transverse section respectively of a
wheeled carriage in the form of a toy railway locomotive which can be driven by the
power derivable as aforesaid from an outside force, that is to say, the muscular force
of the hand in a direction immediately opposed thereto. In this case, in place of a
cord a tape a² is used, a limited length of which is fastened to and wound around a
weighted wheel or drum a which acts as "the receiver;"bbare tapes and c c are
drums which with the axle a serve as intermediate mechanical means for transmitting
the motion of the receiver" to the axle of the wheels d d collectively termed as
aforesaid "the transmitter." The tapes are attached at one end to the axle a¹ and
to the drums c c at the other end and it will be seen are wound reversely so that when
the one on one side is wound onto the axle or drum (as the case may be) the one on
the other side is unwound. If the tape a be drawn in a backward direction quickly
by the hand, the toy will run forward in an immediately opposite direction and if the
tape be released just before it is drawn out to its full extent, the toy will continue to
travel until the tape is rewound, the latter being effected by the momentum of the
weighted wheel a. It is then ready to be sent backwards in a similar manner and
with similar effect. The "resistance" here is substantially represented by the radius
of the wheels d d and the requisite leverage is afforded to the motive force by the
proportion and adjustment in relation to the resistance of the "receiver "a and the
transmitter bb, cc and a in combination. The ground upon which the carriage
rests, constitutes in this case also the necessary fulcrum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1 The herein described method of moving bodies in a given direction by the utiliza-
tion of a current of force moving from an outside source in an immediately opposite
direction by means of leverage power obtained and applied in the manner substantially
as set forth.
2 The arrangement of wheeled carriage adapted to be driven or sailed by the power
derivable from the force of the wind in a direction immediately opposed thereto
substantially as hereinbefore described by reference to figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings

page_text: 3 The arrangement of floating body or vessel adapted to be driven or sailed by the
power derivable from the force of the wind in a direction immediately opposed thereto
substantially as hereinbefore described by reference to figure 2 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. The floating body or boat arranged to be driven in one direction by force applied
in the opposite direction substantially as herein before described by reference to
figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
5 The wheeled carriage or toy locomotive constructed so as to be propelled in one
direction by the power applied to a tape in an opposite direction substantially as
herein before described with reference to figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 11th day of October 1887.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.