CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND RE-TWISTING AND WINDING SILK OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Hine, of Macclesfield, in the County of
Chester, Silk Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND RE-TWISTING
AND WINDING SILK OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIAL."
Sealed the 1st February 1859, and dated the 2nd August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Hine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd August 1858.
I, STEPHEN HINE, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Silk Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND
RE-TWISTING AND WINDING SILK OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIAL," to be as
follows:-
The improvement is applicable to such machines as are at present used for
the purposes of doubling, twisting, and winding, and consists in the employ-
ment of two bobbins (containing the single thread of silk, &c.), one on each
side of the spindle or flyer; the threads to be twisted or doubled are brought
from the bobbins over two separate and distinct pulleys, and thence over the
ends of two small balance levers, from which the two threads descend to the
quill or bobbin upon the spindle, where they are doubled together in the
usual manner.
These balance levers are so constructed and balanced, that

page_text: the tension of the thread shall hold one end down, the opposite end being
supplied at its fulcrum with a catch, which, as long as the thread remains
whole or unbroken, is held up, and allows of the proper action of the machine;
but in the event of the thread becoming broken or slackened, the catch comes
into contact with a projection upon the thread guide pulleys, and consequently
causes the stoppage of the apparatus by disconnecting the frictional surfaces
from which the pulleys receive motion, through any suitable train of gearing.
In retwisting or doubling silk which has been once doubled, the two supply
bobbins are driven by the same band that drives the twisting spindle, the
doubled silk passing to the spindle as before described, and by the action of
the flyer each once doubled thread becomes interdoubled or retwisted,
forming one thread or cord comprising four threads, and making what is
termed "organzine."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Stephen Hine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, STEPHEN
HINE, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Silk Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Stephen Hine, Her especial license that I, the said Stephen Hine,. my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Stephen
Hine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom-of-Great-Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND RE-TWISTING
AND WINDING SILK OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIAL," upon the condition,
amongst others, that I, the said Stephen Hine, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Stephen Hine, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
The improvement is applicable to such machines as are at present used for
the purposes of doubling, twisting, and winding, and consists in the employ-
ment of two bobbins (containing the single thread of silk, &c.), one on each
side of the spindle or flyer; the threads to be twisted or doubled are brought
from the bobbins over two separate and distinct pulleys, and thence over
the ends of two small balance levers, from which the two threads descend
to the quill or bobbin upon the spindle, where they are doubled together
in the usual manner. These balanced levers are so constructed and balanced,
that the tension of the thread shall hold one end down, the opposite
end being supplied at its fulcrum end with a catch, which, as long as the
thread remains whole or unbroken, is held up and allows of the proper action
of the machine; but in the event of the thread becoming broken or
slackened, the catch comes into contact with a projection upon the thread
guide pulleys, and consequently causes the stoppage of the apparatus by
disconnecting the frictional surface from which the pulleys receive motion
through any suitable train of gearing. In retwisting or doubling silk which
is either single or has been once doubled, the two supply bobbins are driven
by the same band that drives the twisting spindle, the doubled silk passing to
the spindle as before described, and by the action of the flyer each single or
once doubled thread becomes interdoubled or retwisted, forming one thread or
cord comprising two or four threads, and making what is termed organzine or
sewing silk.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about two inches to a foot, and having similar letters of reference marked
upon corresponding parts of the apparatus throughout the various Figures.
Fig: 1 is a front elevation of a portion of the machine, showing one of the
methods of arranging the spindles and bobbins, and the guide pulleys and
balanced levers over which the threads pass; Fig. 2 is an end view, shewn in
section, having two different arrangements of the apparatus; and Fig. 3 a
side view, shewing the form and arrangement when two distinct guide pulleys
are employed (one for each thread), insted of using one pulley with two
grooves, as seen in the before mentioned Figs. 1 and 2.

page_text: Figs. 4, 5, 6, and seven, are respectively enlarged Diagrams of several
methods by which the same required effect may be produced, Fig. 6 being an
end view of the side view Fig. 5.
In Fig. 1 a, a, is the framing of the machine, and B the main driving shaft
carrying the rim wheels c, c, c, by the friction of which against the discs d, d,
the vertical shafts e, e, are driven, and from which the bobbins f, f, giving off
the thread, and the flyers g, g, delivering it to the quills, bobbins, or cops h, h,
are also driven. In this arrangement the two threads to be doubled together
pas over or around the pulley i, each in its separate groove in the pulley, and
each separately over one of the balanced levers k, k, and thence to the flyer g,
which is driven by means of the band 7 from the friction of the rim wheel and
dise; in this Figure one is shewn as doubling the thread, and the other
represents the thread broken, and when such accident occurs, the balanced
lever which is held down by the thread becomes overbalanced, and the heavy
end falls and comes into contact with the spring m, which is upon and rotates
with the pulley, thus the pulley is stopped, but the driving shaft still drives
the vertical shaft e until the worm n rises in the worm wheel n¹ (which drives
the pully, and thus disconnect the frictional rims or discs, and stops the
machine until thread is made whole.
In Fig. 2 two slight modifications are shewn, in which two bobbins, one on
each side of the spindle are used, and two methods of actuating the flyer, one
vertical driving shaft being close to the appartus, and the other in the centre
of the machine; this Fig. shews also a slightly different method of stopping
the machine, as will be more clearly seen in Figs. 5 and 6, in which i, i, are
the pulleys, and k, k, the balanced levers, which, in this method, are placed
upon a small shaft o, at the opposite end of which the lever p is fixed, so that
when the thread breaks, the heavy portion of the lever thus liberated falls and
presses down the bent wire q, which turns the shaft o, and carries-the lever p
into contact with the pulley and stops its revolution; the cross shaft r
carrying the sliding worm, continuing its motion, causes the worm to slide
back by its action upon the worm wheel, and press the crank levers, which
lifts the vertical shaft from the driving power, and-effects-the-required stoppage_
which is also assisted by means of the stud v upon the disc v¹, which presses
against the spring w, and forms a break to stop the revolution of the disc, or
by means of a bent lever a, as seen in Fig. 3, which, as the disc rises,
becomes pressed thereby against its periphery, and acts in a similar manner.
I would remark, that the disc v¹ may also be employed as a pulley to drive
the spindle from, and also that the cops or bobbins may be themselves driven
when untwisted silk is required. In Fig. 3 the arrangement is shewn as when

page_text: two pulleys are employed, one for each thread, one central shaft giving motion
to both, and which may have any of the various stopping motions (shewn in
the Drawing) applied to them.
Fig. 7 is another arrangement, wherein a small "fast and loose" pulley t, t¹,
is employed to connect or disconnect the driving power by sliding the pulleys
beneath the strap u by the action of the worm and wheel.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of performing the same, I would remark in conclusion, that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein described; but I wish it to be
distinctly understood that I claim twisting, doubling, and retwisting and
winding silk and other similar fibrous material, by means of the novel arrange-
ment, construction, and combination of the machinery or apparatus, as herein-
before fully described and set forth and clearly illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Hine, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of
our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
STEPHEN HINE. (L.S.)