AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND G LIHIS AND BIG
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro Cochrane, of West-
minster, in the County of Middlesex, Captain in the Royal Navy, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND
G LIHIS AND BIG"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Auckland Leopold
Pedro Cochrane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 25th April 1866.
I, ARTHUR AUCKLAND LEOPOLD PEDRO COCHRANE, of Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, Captain in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
AND EVAPORATING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
My improvement has reference more particularly to an Invention for which
Her Majesty's Letters Patent were granted to me dated the Twenty-fourth
of August One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, (No. 2088), and
entitled "Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Evaporating Liquids
and Fluids," and it consists in combining with my said improvements, or a part

page_text: thereof, a means of supplying beated air to the products of combustion which
occupy the combustion chamber or space wherein the flame is developed
before the gases are cooled by contact with the main or closely arranged
tubular surface, and this I effect by employing a set of one or more tubes or
channels having their lower ends terminating either in the furnace ash-pits
beneath the furnace bars or otherwise in connection with the stoking room,
and having their upper ends terminating in or at or about the entrance to the
eombustion chamber. The upper ends of the said tubes or channels may be
open and discharge therefrom into the combustion chamber the air heated
in its passage through them, or the ends may be closed and the air allowed to
escape through perforations in the sides of tho tubes or channels, or the per-
forations may be used in conjunction with the open-ended tubes or channels,
the object being to distribute or diffuse the air uniformly and cause it to enter
into more intimate union with the products of combustion. When metallic
tubes are employed they should be coated externally with fire-clay or other
fire-resisting material to preserve the metal from corrosion or oxidation con-
sequent on the great heat to which they are exposed. Brick flues, or
tubes or flues of earthenware or pottery or other suitable material may be
used in lieu of metallic tubes, but these are mere modifications of the
proposed mode of supplying heated air to the combustion chamber. To cause
a current through the said tubes or channels I place a steam jet in any
convenient part of their length and supply it from the steam chest of the
boiler or otherwise and regulate the quantity of steam, and consequently
of air by means of a cock or valve in any convenient part of the service
pipe. The quantity of air may thereby be adjusted to the wants or
requirements of the combustion, as it must obviously bear a relation to the
quantity and quality of the fuel consumed. The proper combustion of the
gases being effected there will be less smoke and consequently a less deposit
of soot, resulting in a considerable gain in the evaporative effect of the fuel.
The application of the said tubes or channels has been found comparatively
useless in boilers where the furnaces and the tube chambers have been con-
nected by the ordinary flue, and it is therefore that a combustion chamber
becomes an essential element of the combination, which combustion I hold
to signify a space at least forty per cent. larger or more capacious than
the ordinary connecting flues which are practically and ordinarily employed in
tubular boilers, and from the result of extensive trials it is to this combination
that I ascribe an increase of the evaporative effect of the fuel consumed, whereby
1 am enabled to obtain a greater amount of evaporation with the consumption
of a given quantity or weight of fuel, or the same amount of evaporation with

page_text: the consumption of a much less weight of fuel. Smoke is thereby much
diminished and consequently the labour and loss attendant on the more
frequent sweeping of the flues which are in ordinary boilers the concomitants
of imperfect combustion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro Cochrane in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
AUCKLAND LEOPOLD PEDRO COCHRANE, of Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Captain in the Royal Navy, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro Cochrane, Her special licence that I, the
said Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro Cochrane, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro
Cochrane, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND EVAPORATING LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro
Cochrane, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar mouths next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro
Cochrane, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improvement has reference more particularly to an Invention for which
Her Majesty's Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the Twenty-fourth

page_text: day of August One thousand eight hundred eight hundred and sixty-four,
No. 2088, and entitled "Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and
Evaporating Liquids and Fluids," and it consists in an improvement on boilers
such as are described in the Specification of the said Patent in the second
head or part thereof. I combine with such boilers a means of supplying
heated air to the products of combustion which occupy the combustion
chamber or space wherein the flame is developed before the gases are cooled
by contact with the main or closely arranged system of upright water tubes,
and this I effect by employing a set of one or more tubes or channels having
their lower ends terminating either in the furnace ash-pits beneath the
furnace bars, or otherwise in connection with the stoking rooni, and having
their upper ends terminating in or at or about the entrance to the com-
bustion chamber. The upper ends of the said tubes or channels may be open
and discharge therefrom into the combustion chamber the air heated in its
passage through them, or the ends may be closed and the air allowed to
escape through perforations in the sides of the tubes or channels, or the
perforations may be used in conjunction with the open-ended tubes or
channels, the object being to distribute or diffuse the air uniformly, and
cause it to enter into more intimate union with the products of combus-
tion. When metallic tubes are employed they should be coated externally
with fire-clay or other fire-resisting material to preserve the metal from
corrosion or oxidation consequent on the great heat to which they are
exposed. Brick flues, or tubes or flues of earthenware or pottery or other
suitable material may be used in lieu of metallic tubes, but these are
merely modifications of the proposed mode of supplying heated air to the
combustion chamber. To cause a suitable current through the said tubes or
channels I place a steam jet in any convenient part of their length, and
supply it from the steam chest of the boiler or otherwise, and regulate the
quantity of steam and consequently the quantity of air by means of a cock
or valve in any convenient part of the steam service pipe. The quantity
of air conveyed to the combustion chamber may thereby be adjusted to the
requirements of the combustion, as it should obviously bear a relation to the
quantity and quality of the fuel consumed. The proper combustion of the
gases being effected there will be less smoke and consequently a less deposit
of soot, resulting in a considerable gain in the evaporative effect of the fuel.
The application of the said tubes or channels has been found comparatively
useless in boilers where the furnaces and the tube chambers have been
connected by the ordinary flue, and it is therefore that a combustion chamber
becomes an essential element of the combination, which combustion chamber

page_text: I hold to signify an enlargement of the flue in immediate contiguity with the
tube chamber, or a space intervening between the flue and the tube chamber,
in which the flame is more perfectly developed by the due admixture of the
products of combustion evolved from the fuel in the furnace and the heated
air discharged thereinto by the air tubes or channels; and. I recommend the
lateral area,
of this space to be at least of twice the lateral area of the flue
which enters it. When highly bituminous coal be used this area should
be large, but when non-bituminous coal be used the area may be diminished.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.

page_text: upright or inclined water tubes or with air tubes, and a combustion chamber
conformably or substantially so with my aforesaid former Patent of the
Twenty-fourth of August One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Auckland Leopold Pedro
Cochrane, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth
day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six.
Witness,
AMET. H. RENTON,
5, Whitehall.
ARTHUR A. (L.S.) COCHRANE.