IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING MAIZE STEMS AND COBS, GRAIN USED FOR FODDER, TAN, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING MAIZE STEMS AND COBS, GRAIN
USED FOR FODDER, TAN, AND OTHER PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Jean Barthe, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1877.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING
MAIZE STEMS AND COBS, GRAIN USED FOR FODDER, TAN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
[A communication from abroad by Jean Barthe, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to machinery for crushing and grinding stems and cobs of
maize and other grain, tan, and other analogous materials.
The Invention consists more particularly in the employment of cylinders furnished
on their circumference with toothed bars or blades placed side by side, or separated
by wedges or keys of wood, iron, or other material. To give increased strength to
the toothed blades they are preferably mounted longitudinally upon the cylinders.
By the use of toothed blades applied separately to the cylinders a very strong
durable toothed surface is obtained, as each bar or blade may be tempered or steelified
separately. The tempering is ordinarily a very costly and difficult operation,
especially when steelifying an entire cylinder, as there are always some parts which
are less hard, and consequently wear away more rapidly than others, which renders
the whole cylinder useless.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I have in the
accompanying Drawings represented two arrangements of machines furnished with
cylinders constructed according to this Invention.

page_text: The first machine is composed of two pairs of cylinders for reducing the stems,
cob, or other inatters to small fragments, which are then ground by millstones to
any degree of fineness desired.
The second machine is composed of three pairs of cylinders, the third pair being
employed in lieu of the stones, and acting on the material as it comes from the
other cylinders above. In this second machine I may, for certain materials, such as
tan for example, replace the first pair of cylinders by a chaff cutter of large
dimensions.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 a plan, and Figures 3 and 4 front and rear
elevations of the first machine.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 represent a face view and transverse and longitudinal sections
respectively of a cylinder with longitudinal toothed blades.
Figure 8 shows a face view and plan of a blade or bar separately.
In all these Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
a, frame of the machine; b, table; c, standards in which the cylinders are
mounted; d, upper pair of cylinders for crushing the stalks and cobs supplied to
the hopper e; these cylinders turn in the direction indicated by the arrows; f, lower
pair of cylinders for reducing to smaller particles the crushed matters coming from
cylinders d; these cylinders revolve in opposite directions, as indicated by the
arrows 2 and 3; g, fast and loose pulleys; and h, fly wheel, both mounted on the
shaft i of one of the cylinders f; j, shaft of the other cylinder f.
The cylinders & and fare driven as follows:-The main shaft i of the one cylinder
fdrives by means of a worm k on it a worm wheel mounted on the shaft m,
carrying a bevel pinion n, which gears with a bevel wheel o keyed on a shaft p.
The wheel o is in one with a small wheel q, which transmits motion to the wheel r on
shaft j of the other cylinder f. Upon the shaft i is keyed a pinion s, which gears
with a wheel t keyed on the shaft u of one of the cylinders d. On the shaft u is a
toothed wheel v, which gears with and drives a wheel a keyed on the shaft y of the
other cylinder d. z, hand wheel for regulating the distance between the cylinders f.
The ground material falls on an inclined sieve w, to which a tremulous movement is
imparted by means of a ratchet 1; 2, main shaft; 3, pulley from which the crushing
cylinders are driven. The matters falling from the sieve are elevated into a hopper 4
by means of a chain of buckets 5, driven through pulley 6 by the band 7 from main
shaft 2. The matters are distributed by spouts 9 to two other hoppers 8. These
hoppers 8 conduct the matters to the millstones enclosed in casings 10 to be ground
to flour. 11 and 12, gear wheels for driving the stones; 13 and 14, fast and loose
driving pulleys; 15, longitudinal toothed blades or bars spaced by wedge-shaped
strips 16; they are applied to the circumferences of the cast-iron cylinders on shafts
hand i; 18, discs with a circumferential flange which engages with the ends of the
toothed blades, and retains the whole in place on the cylinder.
In the second machine the cylinders are clothed with longitudinal toothed blades,
as above described.
Figure 9 represents a longitudinal elevation, the side plates being removed to
show the cylinder; Figure 10 shows a transverse section of the same on line 1-2,
Figure 9.
In these two Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
.
a, cast-iron frame; b, b¹, upper pair of cylinders, to which the stalks, cobs, or
other matters are supplied from a hopper c; these cylinders turn in the direction
of the arrows 1 at different speeds to produce a shearing action, which facilitates
the operation; d, d, second pair of cylinders placed beneath the first pair b, b';
they turn in the direction of the arrow 2-3, and serve to reduce the matters
coming from cylinders b, b¹. The cylinders d, ', are furnished with toothed blades a'
separated by wooden or iron wedges b', the blades being secured by flanged discs
at the ends of the cylinders, as before; e, e', finishing cylinders, serving to still
further reduce the matters previously acted on by cylinders b, b', d, d; these
cylinders are also furnished with blades, but placed close together without inter-
vening wedges; these cylinders rotate in the direction of the arrows 4; f.f, double-

page_text: edged combs for clearing the teeth of cylinders b, d, b¹, d; g, g, combs for cleaning
the cylinders e; h, driving shaft; i, fly wheel; j, fast and loose pulleys; k, worm on
shaft h, on which is keyed the cylinder d₁. The other cylinder d is driven
through the gear wheels l, m; n, o, p, are driven by the worm k; r, pinion keyed
on shaft k, and driving a gear wheels keyed on the shaft of cylinder b, from which
the other cylinder is driven by gear wheel t and u.
The cylinder e is driven by gear wheels vand x, and the second cylinder e' is
driven from the first by the pinion y keyed on shaft of cylinder e, and gearing
with a wheel w on its shaft.
For grinding certain materials I may employ one pair of cylinders e, e¹, only, as,
for instance, for maize, seeds, and other grain used as fodder, but it should be
understood that I do not limit myself to the number of cylinders employed.
One great advantage of this Invention is that the cylinders never get heated in
working, owing to the working surfaces being constantly changed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Soal Patent Office on the
25th May 1878.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING
MAIZE STEMS AND COBS, GRAIN USED FOR FODDER, TAN, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
A communication from abroad by Jean Barthe, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to machinery for crushing and grinding stems and cobs of
inaize and other grain, tan, and other analogous materials.
The Invention consists more particularly in the employment of cylinders furnished
on their circumference with toothed bars, blades, or rings placed side by side, or
separated by wedge-shaped strips or keys of wood, iron, or other material, or
cylinders made up of serrated discs, or made solid, with teeth formed thereon by
planing or otherwise. To give increased strength to the toothed blades they are
preferably mounted longitudinally upon the cylinders. By the use of toothed.
blades or rings applied separately to the cylinders a very strong durable toothed
surface is obtained as each bar, blade, or ring may be tempered or steelified
separately.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I have in the
accompanying Drawings represented two arrangements of machines furnished with
crushing cylinders constructed according to this Invention.
The first machine is composed of two pairs of cylinders for reducing the stems,
cobs, or other matters to small fragments, which are then ground by millstones to
any degree of fineness desired.
The second machine is composed of three pairs of cylinders, the third pair being
employed in lieu of the stones, and acting on the material as it comes from the
other cylinders above. In this second machine I may, for certain materials, such

page_text: as tan for example, replace the first pair of cylinders by a chaff cutter of large
dimensions.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 a plan, and Figures 3 and 4 front and rear
elevations of the first machine.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 represent a face view and transverse and longitudinal sections
respectively of a crushing cylinder with longitudinal toothed blades.
Figure 8 shows a face view and plan of a blade or bar separately.
Figure 9 shows a face view and section of a toothed or serrated ring.
In all these Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
a, frame of the machine; b, table; c, standards in which the cylinders are
mounted; d, upper pair of cylinders for crushing the stalks and cobs supplied to the
hopper e; these cylinders turn in the direction indicated by the arrows 1; f, lower
pair of cylinders for reducing to smaller particles the crushed matters coming from
cylinders d; those cylinders revolve in opposite directions, as indicated by the
arrows 2 and 3; g, fast and loose pulleys; and h, fly wheel, both mounted on the
shaft of one of the cylinders f; j, shaft of the other cylinder f.
8,
The cylinders d and fare driven as follows:-The main shaft i of the one
cylinder f drives by means of a worm on it a worm wheel mounted on the
shaft m, carrying a bevel pinion n, which gears with a bevel wheel o keyed on a
shaft p. The wheel o is in one with a small wheel q, which transmits motion_to
the wheel on the shaft j of the other cylinder f. Upon the shaft i is keyed a
pinion a, which gears with a wheel t keyed on the shaft u of one of the cylinders d.
On the shaft u is a toothed wheel v, which gears with and drives a wheel keyed
on the shaft y of the other cylinder d. z, hand wheel for regulating the distance
between the cylinders. The ground material falls on an inclined sieve w, to which
a tremulous movement is imparted by means of a ratchet 1; 2, main shaft; 3, pulley
from which the crushing cylinders are driven. The matters falling from the sieve
are elevated into a hopper 4 by means of a chain of buckets 5 driven through
pulley 6 by the band 7 from main shaft 2. The matters are distributed by spouts 9
to two other hoppers 8, by which the matters are conveyed to the millstones enclosed
in casings 10 to be ground to flour. 11 and 12 gear wheels for driving the stones;
13 and 14, fast and loose driving pulleys; 15, longitudinal toothed blades or bars
spaced by wedge-shaped strips 16; they are applied to the circumference of the
cast-iron cylinders on shafts and i; 18, discs with a circumferential flange, which
engages with the ends of the toothed blades, and retains the whole in place in the
cylinder.
In the second machine the cylinders are clothed with longitudinal toothed blades,
'as above described.
Figure 10 represents a longitudinal elevation of the machine, the side plates being
removed to show the cylinders; Figure 11 shows a transverse section of the samo
on line 1-2, Figure 10.
In these two Figures the same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
a, cast-iron frame; b, b, upper pair of cylinders, to which the stalks, cobs, or
other matters are supplied from a hopper c; these cylinders turn in the direction of
the arrows 1 at different speeds to produce a shearing action, which facilitates the
operation; d, d', second pair of cylinders placed beneath the first pair b, b'; they
.turn in the direction of the arrows 2-3, and serve to still further reduce the matters
coming from cylinders b, b'. The cylinders d, d', are furnished with toothed blades «'
separated by wooden or iron wedges b', the blades being secured by flanged discs c¹
at the ends of the cylinders, as before. e, e¹, finishing cylinders, serving to still
further reduce the matters previously acted on by cylinders b, b, d, d'; these
cylinders are also furnished with blades, but placed close together without inter-
vening wedges. The cylinders rotate in the direction of the arrows 4. f,f, double
wedge combs for clearing the teeth of cylinders b, d, b¹, d¹; g, g, combs for cleaning
the cylinders e; h, driving shaft; i, fly wheel; j, fast and loose pulleys; l, worm
on shaft h, on which is keyed the cylinder d. The other cylinder & is driven
through the gear wheels l, m, and the gear wheels n, o, p, are driven by the worm k.

page_text: r, pinion keyed on shaft k, and driving a gear wheel & keyed on the shaft of
cylinder b, from which the other cylinder b' is driven by gear wheels t and u.
The cylinder e is driven by gear wheels vand x, and the second cylinder e¹ is
driven from the first by the pinion y keyed on shaft z of cylinder e, and gearing with
a wheel wu on its shaft.
For grinding certain materials I may employ one pair of cylinders e, c¹, only, as,
for instance, for maize, seeds, and other grain used as fodder, but it should be under-
stood that I do not limit myself to the number of cylinders employed.
One great advantage of this Invention is that the cylinders never get heated in
working, owing to the crushing surfaces being constantly changed.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the improved machinery herein shown and
described for crushing and grinding maize stalks and cobs, grain used for fodder,
tan, and other substances, and more especially the crushing and grinding cylinders,
with serrated bars, blades, or rings fixed upon their circumference, or made up of
serrated discs, or made solid, with teeth cut thereon in any suitable matter, as
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
A. M. CLARK. (L.S.)