CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF MANUFACTURING THE PIGMENTS COMMONLY KNOWN BY THE NAMES OF WHITE LEAD AND VERDIGRIS
Year: 1818

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
FREDERICK HAGNER, late of Philadelphia, in the United States, but now of
Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of
January, in the fifty-eighth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
George Frederick Hagner, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Frederick
Hagnor, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the
term of years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Majesty's Colonies
and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART
OF MANUFACTURING THE PIGMENTS COMMONLY KNOWN BY THE NAMES OF WHITE
LEAD AND VERDIGRIS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a pro-
viso, that if I, the said George Frederick Hagner, shall not particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing, under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become
void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had) may more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Frederick Hagner, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof
(that is to say)
That my improvements in the art of making the pigments commonly known
by the name of white lead, consists in the use of a machine or machines for
granulating lead, and which said machine may be a revolving cylinder or other
proper vessel turning upon axles, and having an opening at one end of it into
which melted lead may be poured, and after being granulated by the rotary
action of the machine, may be readily discharged by causing the vessel to be
inverted, or the opening at the end of it to be turned downwards. This may
be effected in various ways not necessary to be particularly described, and
the lead so granulated may be used with advantage in the manufacture of
white lead.
My said improvement in the art of making verdigris consists in the use of
a machine which may be a revolving vessel or vessels turning upon axles, or
other proper vessels capable of receiving an alternating motion, or of being
agitated; as also of fixed vessels, in which agitators may be put into motion.
Into any or either of these vessels I put copper in a state of division, the more
minute the better, and I add to the copper pyroligneous acid, vinegar, or other
acetic or acetous acid, and either mixed with water or not, so as that the
copper shall only be partially covered by the liquid; and I cause the same to
be put into continual agitation by any proper first mover, so as to present fresh
surfaces of the metal to the acid, and to abrade or rub off those parts of it
which may be sufficiently oxided. In case the vessel or vessels be wholly or in
part closed, I introduce carbonic acid gas during the operation of the machine,
and I continue the process for a greater or lesser period, or until the verdigris
is formed, when it may be withdrawn from the vessel or vessels and finished
for use.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Frederick Hagner, have here-
GEORGE F. (L.S.) ILAGNER.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of July,
in the year of our Lord 1818, the aforesaid George Frederick Hagner came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for.that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighteen.