A New and Improved Method of Making Rivets, or Iron to be used in Substitution for Rivets, by Rolling.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 27th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 21st Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New and Improved Method of Making Rivets, or Iron to be
used in Substitution for Rivets, by Rolling.
I, ROBERT PUNCH, of West Street, Middlesbrough, in the County of York,
Rivet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
After the pair or set of finishing rolls have been turned and grooved in the
ordinary manner for the purpose of rolling round bar iron, to cut indentations or
hollows of any convenient shape in the grooves of the same, at equal intervals
varying in distance apart according to the length of the rivet required; so that
when the bar passes through these finishing rolls it will have swellings, bulges,
ridges, or flanges of a greater size than the general size of the iron occurring at
equal intervals, and corresponding in shape, size, and distance apart with the
indentations or hollows cut in the rolls. The bar so rolled is then to be cut into
lengths each length containing one swelling, bulge, ridge, or flange as aforesaid.
The object of having the swelling, bulge, ridge or flange is in cases where
convenient to serve as the head of the rivet, and in other cases to regulate the
distance which the rivets so made as aforesaid, or lengths of iron with a swelling,
bulge, ridge or flange on as aforesaid; are to project through at each side of the
plates, angles or other material required to be rivetted together so that there will
be sufficient iron projecting at each side to make a perfect head of the shape
desired. The end or piece of iron thus projecting at each side of the plates,
angles, or material being rivetted together can then be forged by rivetting
machinery or otherwise into a head of the shape required.
Dated this 25th day of March 1890.
ROBT. PUNCH.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New and Improved Method of Making Rivets, or Iron to be
used in Substitution for Rivets, by Rolling.
1, ROBERT PUNCH, of 38, Grange Road, Middlesborough, in the County of
York, Rivet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to certain improvements in converting bars of iron or steel
into rivets or the like articles which are similarly inserted through metal plates to
secure them together.
As is well known, round bars employed in the manufacture of rivets or bolts are
first rolled to an oval section and are then passed through the finishing rolls to be
rolled to a circular section of whatever required diameter, care being taken that
the greater axis of the oval bar is kept vertical or at right angles to the axis of the
rolls, as in this way a clean round bar without fins or excrescenses is produced which
is especially suitable for rivets or bolts.
Instead of reducing the oval bar to a continuous round bar when passing it
through the finishing rolls to be cut into short lengths and subsequently provided
with the usual form of rivet or bolt head by well known methods and appliances,
the object of any invention is to roll a bar in which the original oval form is
retained or in which bulges, swellings, ridges, or flanges of any other convenient

page_text: shape are formed between short lengths of round bar so that the said bar admits
of being cut into the short lengths suitable for rivets or belts, each of which lengths
terminates at one end with its original oval section or with a bulge, swelling, ridge,
or flange of suitable form, whilst the rest consists of a round bar or shank.
In order to roll bars in the above described manner after the pair or set of
finishing rolls have been turned and grooved in the ordinary manner for the purpose
of rolling round bar iron, I furnish them with indentations or recesses of any
convenient shape which are cut into the grooves at regular or suitable intervals, so
that when a bar of iron or steel is passed through the rolls the variations in the
form or section of the grooves is reproduced in corresponding variations in
the form or section of the rolled bar. In cases in which it is essential that the
bar should approximate to its finished form before passing through the finishing
rolls, other sets of rolls suitably grooved and recessed are used to effect this.
In the case of rivets, the oval or enlarged end is intended as the crude form
of a head and is formed into a complete head as the rivet is closed up by rivetting
machinery or otherwise, and in the case of a bolt, the oval or enlarged end retains
the form in which it comes from the rolls to serve as the head of the bolt, and thus
a certain amount of labour and expense is saved both in the manufacture of rivets
and bolts or the like articles to be used in substitution therefor, as compared with
the manufacture of these articles from short lengths of ordinary round bars on
which heads have to be formed in the ordinary manner.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect, I will now refer to the drawing which accompanies this Specification, and
which illustrates its application by way of example to bars of the usual oval
section. In the drawing, Figure 1 illustrates a pair of rolls constructed to effect
the purposes of my invention, the special formation of the rolls a a being more
clearly illustrated in Figure 2, which is a sectional view taken on line of
Figure 1. Figure 3 illustrates to an enlarged scale, guide plates of the usual
form for keeping the oval bar e with the greater axis at right angles to the rolls,
and Figure 4 illustrates the crude form of a rivet or bolt into which the bar cc is
cut up on leaving the rolls.
It will be observed that the periphery of each roll a is furnished with recesses a¹
which are deeper than the rest of the groove a². These recesses are so pitched on
the periphery of each roll that they approach each other in pairs as the rolls
rotate and combine together to provide sufficient room in the grooves of the
rolls to pass the corresponding parts c'e' of the bar cc through the rolls in their
original oval section, whilst the intermediate parts c² ² are rolled out in the form
of a round bar of a size corresponding to the grooves a².
It must be understood that I do not restrict myself to recesses which leave the
parts of the bare in their original oval section, as the shape and size of these
recesses may be varied without departing from my invention so long as the
parts can be used to form the heads of rivets or bolts in the manner required.
In the case of rivets it is essential that the shank or round part 2 projects
through the plates or parts to be rivetted together the proper distance to form the
other head, which distance is accurately adjusted by the shoulder coming in
contact with the other side of the plates in question; beyond the shoulder the
enlarged part may be of any form which affords sufficient material to form the
rivet head, as for instance such enlarged ends as are illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
In the case of bolts which are constructed according to my invention with
round shanks, it is of course essential that the head of the bolt shall take some
form which will not slip round in a key constructed for the purpose of screwing up
or unscrewing the nut, such as the original oval section of the bar as illustrated in
Figure 4.
It is of course obvious that the recesses a¹ may be pitched at any equal distances
apart for which the particular rolls are adapted, or if required at unequal
distances apart so long as they meet in pairs for the purposes of my invention, and

page_text: the said recesses may themselves be varied in length and shape according to the
lengths and shapes of the short bars or sections to be cut from the iron or steel
rod after passing through the rolls.
Having now clearly ascertained the nature of my invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, what I claim is :-
The manufacture of rivets and bolts or the like articles to be used in sub-
stitution therefor, in which iron or steel bars are passed through rolls from which
they take the form of alternate round and oval, bulged, swollen, ridged, or flanged
parts, so that when cut into short lengths, each length consists of a round shank
terminating at one end with an oval or enlarged part, as and for the purpose as
herein before described and illustrated by way of example in the accompanying
drawing.
G. J. CLARKSON, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Stockton-on-Tees,
Agent for the said Robert Punch: