Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT-to John Bewsher, of St. Thomas's Gardens, Haver-
stock Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Solicitor, for the Invention-
"
Scaled the 27th July 1875, and dated the 28th January 1875.

page_text: is, in which impression rollers or cylinders are employed, and consists in
adapting to the machine a hollow elastic, roller by means of which a
sufficient quantity of oil or other suitable substance may be automatically
supplied to the blanket, whereby the ink from the impression already
printed on one side of the sheets of paper will be prevented from setting
off on to the blanket while the other side of the sheet is being printed,
as when the blanket is soiled in this manner the ink will come off on to
and disfigure the succeeding sheets of paper as they are presented by the
impression cylinder to the type.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a hollow metal spindle (made
by preference of a piece of steam pipe) perforated with a number of
holes. The ends of the pipe are accurately turned and fitted into adjust-
able bearings, which are mounted on brackets fixed to the side frame of
the machine, or in any other suitable position, so that the roller may be
easily made to bear against the blanket with the requisite pressure.
The hollow spindle is covered with india-rubber sponge, ordinary
sponge, or any other soft or clastic porous material, which is again.
covered or surrounded with a piece of canvas or other suitable
material.
:
Oil is introduced into the hollow spindle in any convenient manner
from a reservoir above, or the spindle may merely be filled with oil and
the ends closed by caps or plugs. The clastic roller thus prepared and
mounted in the adjustable bearings is placed in position, and by means
of set screws or other device the pressure against the blanket can be
regulated.
As the roller revolves (by contact with the cylinder) a squeezing and
sucking action will take place, and the oil will be caused to flow through
the holes in the hollow roller into the sponge, and so be transferred to the
blanket in such quantity as will be sufficient to prevent the "set off" of
the wet impression on to the blanket, but not to grease or spoil the paper a
that is being printed on.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Bewsher in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BEWSHER, of St. Thomas's Gardens, Haverstock Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Solicitor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
çessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Bewsher, Her special
licence that I, the said John Bewsher, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Bewsher, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and,vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING MACHINERY," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Bewsher, my executors or -
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said John Bewsher, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say): _
"
The object of this Invention is to obviate the difficulty hitherto
experienced (more especially in book printing machines) of preventing
what is termed the "set off."
The Invention is moro particularly applicable to that class of printing
1

page_text: is, in which impression rollers or cylinders are employed, and consists in
adapting to the machine a hollow clastic roller by means of which a
sufficient quantity of oil or other suitable substance may be automatically
supplied to the blanket, whereby the ink from the impression already
printed on one side of the sheets of paper will be prevented from setting
off on to the blanket while the other side of the sheet is being printed,
as when the blanket is soiled in this manner the ink will come off on to
and disfigure the succeeding sheets of paper as they are presented by the
impression cylinder to the type.
. In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a side view of part of a
printing machine showing the elastic hollow roller in position; Fig. 2 is
a front view partly in section of this roller drawn upon an enlarged
scale.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a hollow metal spindle A¹ per-
forated with a number of holes. The ends of the pipe are accurately
turned and fitted into adjustable bearings, which are mounted on brackets B
fixed to the side frame C of the machine, or in any other suitable position,
so that the roller may be easily made to bear against the blanket with
the requisite pressure.
The hollow spindle A¹ is covered with sponge, layers of felt, or any
other soft or elastic porous material which is not liable to be acted upon
in a deleterious manner by the oil or other suitable substance, and this
élastic porous material may be again covered or surrounded with canvas
or other suitable woven fabric so as to prevent the oil from flowing too
freely.
The oil or other substance is introduced into the hollow spindle A' in
any convenient manner from a reservoir above, or the spindle may merely
be filled with oil and the ends closed by caps or plugs. The elastic
roller A thus prepared is mounted in bearings at the end of swinging
arms a pivotted at 6 to the brackets B, Fig. 1, fixed to the frame of the
machine one on either side. C is the frame of the machine and D is the
impression or blanket cylinder. The elastic roller A is caused to press
against the blanket cylinder D by means of a spring c. The pressure of
the roller A against the blanket is regulated by cams d mounted on a
shaft e, Figures 1 and 3. These cams bear against the swinging arms a
on the opposite side to the springs c. The shaft e is mounted in
bearings in the brackets B, and motion is communicated to the shaft e
and the cams d by handles a keyed on to the ends of the shaft. When
4..

page_text: the required amount of pressure is obtained by the attendant turning the
handles one way or the other the swinging arms a will be held in the
position so obtained by the set screws / being screwed up.
As the roller A revolves by contact with the cylinder Da squeezing
and sucking action will take place, and the oil or other substance will be
caused to flow through the holes in the hollow spindle A' into the sponge
or other covering, and so be transferred to the blanket on the cylinder D
in such quantity as will be sufficient to prevent the "set off" of the
wet impression on to the blanket, but not to grease or spoll the paper that
is being printed on.
I sometimes find it convenient to have a distributing roller between
the clastic roller A and the cylinder D. I have shown this arrangement
in Fig. 4, in which i represents the distributing roller composed of some
soft non-absorbent material.
I have found that when printing illustrated books the woodcuts, which
always press against the blankets in the same place, will cause inden-
tations in the surface of the blanket, and the oil does not spread properly
and enter into these indentations. In order to obviate this I place above
the elastic roller A a brush J (see Fig. 6), the bristles of which enter the
indentations as they are presented, and spread the oil over the indented
surface thereof.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements Applicable to
Printing Machinery," and having explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent I claim the application of the clastic roller A as
herein described for the purpose of supplying oil or other suitable
substance to the impression blanket, so as to prevent "set off.”
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bewsher, have hereunto set my
'
hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.