IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR SPADES FORKS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND IN THE METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.
Year: 1884

page_text: I WALTER ALPHEUS ROLLINS of Old Swan Wharf Upper Thames Street in the
City of. London, Secretary to a Public Company do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR SPADES FORKS AND
OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND IN THE METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.
A communication to me from abroad by Wilbur Marcellus Serviss of Marion in the
County of Grant and State of Indiana in the United States of America,
Manufacturer to be as follows:-
In the method commonly employed to manufacture " D" handles formed of
single piece of wood for shovels, spades, scoops, and forks, there is a great waste of
material; more than half of the stock being sawed and turned away before the
completion of the handle; this waste causes loss to the manufacturer, and is alsó
a source of material depletion of valuable forest growths.
°
It L
1.
There also exists great difficulty in selecting and supplying the timber requisite
and suitable for making a "D" head and a shank of a single- piece, since the
timber must be necessarily large enough to form the head from, and be as far as
possible without 'flaw of cracks. There also is encountered in the manufacture
trouble in supplying the trade with handles of various lengths, having "D" heads.
It is the object of the invention which relates to improvements in "D" handles
for shovels and other similar tools, to provide a wooden "D" head which is formed
separate from the bandle, and which is united with and secured to the shank by
suitable fastening means.
น
"
The invention therefore consists in the method of manufacturing wooden "D
handles, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth. The invention further consists
in a wooden "D" hand grasp or head for shovels and other similar tools, formed
with a socket or mortise wholly within the body of the head to receive and retain
the handle or shank.
"+
"The invention further consists in the novel construction and combination of parts
as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.
In the manufacture of handles according to the present invention, two pieces of
suitable timber of a given length, width and thickness are laid off, the one to form
a plurality of blanks for the shanks and the other to form a plurality of blanks
for the D head or hand
head or hand grasp or ends of the handles. Those pieces are divided
into sections each of a size to produce its respective part with very little waste of
stock.
داني

page_text: The "D" head or hand grasp is formed substantially of the usual configuration
and preferably of the "standard" trade form because of the general acceptance of
that form as the best by the trade.
In the lower central portion of the head is formed the socket or mortise, to
receive the tenon formed on the end of the shank or handle piece, and also with a
transverse perforation for the passage of fastening means through the same, and in
some cases through the lugs of the connecting ferrule hereinafter described. A
metallic connecting ferrule is sometimes used which is formed preferably with a
cylindrical body and is provided or formed with upward extending side lugs.
The body of this ferrule fits down over a tenon formed on the end of the handle
and rests against a shoulder, and the lugs extend either about the cheek of the
"D" head or hand grasp, or preferably on the face and back.
The ferrule is secured by a rivet or other suitable fastening means on the handle
and the lugs are also secured to the "D" head or hand grasp by rivets, screws,
or bolts.
The lugs may be so arranged in connection with the body of the ferrule as to be
set back from the inside of the body. the thickness of the metal more or less, in.
order to allow the lugs and head to be fitted together nicely; if desired the lugs
may be flush with the inside of the body and be let in level or flush with the
wood of the head.
Preferably the lugs are cast' or 'made as an integral part of the ferrule, and
formed on a level or run to a feather edge on the outside; and likewise the lower
end of the ferrule is preferably made bevelled to run down over a bevelled shoulder,
on the shank, or may be made square to fit a square shoulder on the shank.
'
In some cases the shank or main handle is formed at the upper end with two
shouldered tenons perforated to receive fastening means.
One tenon is made to snugly fit the socket or mortise in the end of the "D"
head or hand grasp and the second tenon is made to fit .the bore of the ferrule;
the shoulders may be made square or bevelled to suit a corresponding formation in
the socket or ferrule.
In attaching the "D" head or hand grasp to the main handle or shank the tenon
entering the socket may be dipped in glue or cement and then forced home,
whereby the parts will become fixed in place.
To unite the parts when a ferrule is used the handle or shank is fitted to and
inserted in the ferrule, and then the "D" hand grasp or head fitted on the tenon,
and the lugs and ferrule further secured by proper fastening means as stated.
It will be readily seen that by manufacturing the "D" head or hand grasp
separately and with the socket or mortise it can be adapted, to any desired length
of handle or shank. Also that a much larger proportion of the timber is utilized
in the heads and shanks, thereby increasing the number of perfect heads, and good
handles to be obtained from a cord of timber. In case either the head or the
shank becomes cracked, checked or broken so that it requires replacement, it may
be quickly and cheaply replaced by adjusting in place of the broken part a
new one,
It is obvious that the tenon on the end of the handle or shank may be made of
such length as to admit the passage through it of the traverse bolt or rivet usually
passed through the head from side to side by the manufacturer of shovels as
ordinarily made, thus securing or lending additional fastening to the parts.
The construction of parts may be varied without departing from the spirit of
the invention.
:

page_text: I WALTER ALPHEUS ROLLINS of Old Swan Wharf Upper Thames Street in
the City of London Secretary to a public company do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR SPADES, FORKS** AND
OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND IN THE METHOD OF MAKING THE SAME.
A,communication to me from abroad by Wilbur Marcellus Serviss of Marion in the
County of Grant and State of Indiana in the United States of America, Manu-
facturer and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the method commonly employed to manufacture "D" handles formed of a
single piece of wood for shovels, spades, scoops and forks, there is a great waste of
material; more than half of the stock being sawed and turned away before the
completion of the handle; this waste causes loss to the manufacturer, and is also a
source of material depletion of valuable forest growths.
There also exists great difficulty in selecting and supplying the timber requisite
and suitable for making a "D" head and a shank of a single piece, since the timber
must be necessarily large enough to form the head from, and be as far as possible.
without flaw or cracks. There also is encountered in the manufacture trouble in
supplying the trade with handles of various lengths, having "D" heads. It is the
object of this invention which relates to improvements in "D" handles for shovels
and other similar tools, to provide a wooden "D" head which is formed separate
from the handle, and which is united with and secured to the shank by suitable
fastening means.
The invention therefore consists in the method of manufacturing wooden "D"
handles, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth. The invention further consists
in a wooden "D" hand grasp or head for shovels and other similar tools formed
with a socket or mortise wholly within the body of the head to receive and retain
the handle or shank.
The invention further consists in the novel construction and combination of parts
as will be hereinafter more fully set forth and specifically claimed.
In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, Figure 1 is
a perspective view of the blank for the handle shank Figure 2 is a plan view of
the blank for the "D" hand grasp or head in progressive steps of manufacture.
Figure 3 is a view of a turned up handle shank.
Figure 4 is a view of a finished "D" hand grasp or handle. Figure 5 is a view
of a complete handle ready for trade, Figure 6 is a view of the ferrule and Figure 7
is a sectional edge view of a modification in which the ferrule is dispensed with.
In the manufacture of handles according to the present invention two pieces of
suitable timber of a given length, width, and thickness, are laid off as seen in
Figures 1 and 3. The letter A representing the laid off blanks for the shanks and
the letter B, representing the laid off blanks for the "D" head or hand grasp or

page_text: ends of the handles. Those pieces. are divided into sections each of a size to
_produce its respective part as seen. in Figures 3 and 4 with very little waste of
stock..
The "D" head or band grasp is formed substantially of the usual configuration.
and preferably of the "standard" trade form because of the general acceptance of
that form as the best by the trade. In the lower central portion of the head is
formed the socket or mortise a to receive the tenon formed on the end of the shauk
or handle piece, and also with a transverse perforation 6 for the passage of fastening
means through the same and in some cases through the lugs of the connecting
ferrule hereinafter described. The letter C; represents the metallic connecting
ferrule which is sometimes used and which is formed preferably with the cylindrical
body d and is provided or formed with the upward extending side lugs e.
The body of this ferrule fits down over a tenon i formed on.the end of the handle
and rests against a shoulder f and the lugs e extend either about the cheek of the
"D" head or hand grasp, or as shown and preferably on the face and back.
The ferrule is secured by a rivet or other suitable fastening means on the handle
and the lugs are also secured to the "D" head or hand grasp by rivets, screws or
bolts.
The lugs e may be so arranged in connection with the body of the ferrule as to
be set back from the inside of the body the thickness of the metal more or less, in
order to allow the lugs and head to be fitted together nicely, if desired the lugs máy
be flush with the inside of the body and be let in level or flush with the wood of
the head.
Preferably the lugs e are cast or made as an integral part of the ferrule, and
formed on a level, or run to a feather edge on the outside; and likewise the lower
end of the ferrule is preferably made bevelled to run down over a bevelled shoulder
on the shank, or may be made square to fit a square shoulder on the shank. In
some cases the shank or main handle is formed at the upper end with the shouldered
tenons h, i, perforated to receive fastening means.
The tenon which may be of cylindrical or tapered form is made to snugly fit
the socket or mortise in the end of the "D" head or hand grasp and the tenon i
. is made to fit the bore of the ferrule; the shoulders f, k may be made square or
bevelled to suit a corresponding formation in the socket or ferrule. In attaching
the "D". head or hand grasp to the main handle or shank the tenon entering the
socket may be dipped in glue or cement and then forced home whereby the parts
will become fixed in place.
To unite the parts when the ferrule is used the handle or shank is fitted to and
inserted in the ferrule, and then the "D" hand grasp or head fitted on the tenon,
and the lugs and ferrule further secured by proper fastening means as stated.
In the arrangement shown at Figure 7 the ferrule is dispensed with and the parts
are connected together by the tenon h fitting into the mortise a; "a dowel h' being
driven through the parts in a diagonal or other direction as a fastening means.
It will be readily, seen that by manufacturing the "D" head or hand grasp
separately and with the socket or mortise it can be adapted to any desired length
of handle or shank.
Also that a much larger proportion of the timber is utilized in the heads and
shanks thereby increasing the number of perfect heads, and good handles to be
obtained from a cord of timber. In case either the head or the shank becomes
cracked, checked, or broken so that it requires replacement it may be quickly and
cheaply replaced by adjusting in place of the broken part a new one.
+
It is obvious that the tenon on the end of the handle or shank may be made of
such length as to admit the passage through it of the traverse bolt or rivet usually
passed through the head from side to side by the manufacturer of shovels as
ordinarily made, thus securing or lending additional fastening to the parts.
The construction of parts may be varied without departing-from the spirit of
the invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improvement in the art of manufacturing wooden "D" hand grasps for
shovels and similar implements, the same consisting in taking a piece of timber or
blank of a given length, width and thickness: laying the same off for a plurality
of handle heads with hand grasps, then dividing the laid off parts and shaping them
for attachment to the stock or shank as described.
"
2. The improvement in the art or method of manufacturing a wooden “D” handle
without much waste of stock which consists in taking a wooden blank of a given
length, width and thickness, laying the same off for the heads of the " D" handle,
then forming an opening for the hand grasp, and then shaping the same; also
taking a wooden blank of a given length and thickness and then shaping the
same for the shank and finally connecting these parts together, substantially as
described.
3. As an article of manufacture the wooden "D" hand grasp or head for shovels,
and like implements, made of one piece, and formed with a central socket in the
lower end wholly within the body of the head and adapted to receive the upper
end of the implement shank substantially as described.
4. In a tool-handle the combination of a shank formed at its upper end with
shouldered tenons, a ferrule with ears, and a wooden "D" hand grasp with
fastening devices said parts being combined substantially as shown and described.
5. As an improved article of manufacture the handle for shovels, forks, and.
similar implements consisting of the wooden "D" head or hand grasp formed with
a central socket or mortise in the lower end, the metallic ferrule, with upward
extending side lugs and the handle shank, formed with the tenons on the ends the
whole arranged and combined substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
•
6. The combination of the wooden "D" hand grasp or head made of one piece,
and formed with a central socket in the lower end, wholly within the body of the
head, in connection with a shank or handle formed with a shouldered cylindrical or
other tenon adapted to fit within the socket within the hand grasp and be there
secured, substantially as described.