IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STUDS OR NAILS FOR UPHOLSTERY, HARNESS, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1866.-A communication from abroad by Hippolyte
Parpaite, of Carignan, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STUDS OR NAILS FOR UPHOLSTERY, HARNESS, AND OTHER PURPOSES,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has not been known how to apply stud machines for making the
studs or nails employed in upholstery, furniture, harness, saddlery, and other
similar purposes, such studs or nails having a nature and form apparently
opposed to all treatment by percussion.
Now this Invention consists in the mechanical manufacture of these studs
or nails by tools or apparatus specially adapted to the conditions to be fulfilled.
The apparatus consists of a set of tools which being actuated by cams
and levers like ordinary stud or nail machines, produce at one operation of
successive actions the transformation of a wire or rod of copper, zinc, or
other metal or alloy into a stud or nail suitable for the purposes before
mentioned.
The following are the successive operations to which the wire or rod is
submitted:-A double vertical pressure which flattens the part intended for
the point, a double horizontal squeezing which rounds the flattened rod and
holds the stud during the formation of the head, a ramming action which

page_text: forms the head, and a double horizontal punching action which cuts off the
stud and tapers the point.
The double vertical pressure is produced by two tools of prismatic form,
the acting faces which come against each other being hollowed to constitute
a space of flat or double convex form in section to shape and receive the
flattened part of the wire or rod for the point of the stud. The acting faces
are also formed with a deeper recess to receive the part of the wire which is
to form the head. These tools receive the necessary movements to and from
each other by convenient cams and levers. The double squeezing is effected
by two tools, the acting faces are each formed with a shallower and a deeper
recess to constitute two cylindrical spaces, one for rounding the flattened part
of the stud and the other to receive the part for forming the head. One side
of each tool has a semicircular recess, the two recesses when the tools meet
forming a circular recess with a central boss or enlargement around the
smaller cylindrical space; this boss serves as a matrix for stamping the head.
of the stud. These two tools are identical, and are both movable, which is
an essential feature of this Invention, and they are each acted upon by
convenient cams and levers. The thicker part of the stud produced by the
preceding operations is then stamped upon the boss into a head by means
of rammer hollowed out to correspond with the shape of the boss, such
shape being more or less round or conical, according to the shaped head
required. The rammer is actuated by springs and a cam. The double
horizontal punching action is effected by two tools which cut off or separate
the stud from the wire or rod and taper the point. The portion of these tools
which tapers the point is in the form of cutting matrices, being hollowed to
correspond exactly with the point to be produced. The other portion consists
of two cutters which cut through the wire or rod and separate the stud.
The tools are formed with inclined recesses to facilitate the disengagement
of the parts. The finished stud may be released by a lever or otherwise.
It is unnecessary to describe how the wire or rad for forming the studs is
caused to advance, as any convenient arrangement may be adopted for this
purpose, as well as for imparting blows to disengage the finished studs. The
studs may be afterwards gilt or silvered, or otherwise treated by the ordinary
processes.