Render them Capable of Burning Mineral Oils.
Year: 1887

page_text: 3 Specification was, upon the 15th day of April 1889, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
[The Amendments are shown in erased and italic type.]
Render them Capable of Burning Mineral Oils.
I, CHARLES DIXON ARIA, trading as Smethurst and Company, of 139 New Bond
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Lamp Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon) that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in, or applicable to Moderator and Carcel
Lamps, whereby such lamps are rendered capable of burning mineral oils, without
fear of explosion, or overheating of the metallic parts of the lamp.
Heretofore, notwithstanding repeated attempts it has been found impossible to so
construct or adapt a Moderator Lamp, or a Carcel Lamp, which would burn Mineral
oils with safety, owing chiefly to the oil being brought to the level of the wick case
which thus occasioned a rapid formation of vapor, and consequent explosion; again,
the burner, and its adjacent parts, became unduly heated, and by communicating heat
to the mineral oil employed, provoked the rapid heating and consequent vaporization
of the oil, thus rendering the lamps unsafe for use.
Now, according to my invention, I construct, or adapt, these lamps so that the
aforesaid defects are entirely obviated, and they are rendered perfectly safe, as the
mineral oil employed for feeding the wick (meaning thereby the mineral oil of commerce
and not the heary oils) is not brought to the level of the wick case, but is kept at a
safe distance therefrom, and the burning wick does not receive its supply direct from
the general reservoir; furthermore by reason of the construction of certain of the
various parts of the burner these are maintained at a low temperature even after
the lamp has been burning for hours.
In constructing or adapting a Moderator, or a Carcel, Lamp according to my
invention, I do not, in any way, interfere with the mechanism employed for pumping or
raising the oil, my improvements relating chiefly to the burner which I so construct,
as hereinafter fully described, that the object of my invention is attained.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I construct, or provide, the lamp with an additional
oil-container which, by preference, forms part of the burner, and which supports the
wick-case, said additional container being located at a suitable distance from the
general reservoir, in the base of the lamp, and from the wick-case so as not to alter
the appearance of the lamp. Into this additional container I pump or raise the oil
in the ordinary manner, an overflow pipe being provided in such container to allow
excess oil to return to the general reservoir. My invention further relates to a means
for keeping the wick-case and the oil in the additional container cool. and to the
employment and combination of two wicke, one of which I call the feeding wick
which dips into the said additional container, and the other the burning wick, or wich
proper, which receives, by suction, or capillary attraction, the necessary supply of
oil from the feeding wick. My invention further relates to a means for preventing
particles of charred or glowing wick falling into the oil in the additional container.
And in order that my invention may be readily understood, 1 proceed to describe
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings which shew my construction
of burner for use with a Moderator lamp.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of said burner removed from the lamp, and fig. 2 a
vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the additional oil-
container detached from the wick-case, and Fig. 4 a horizontal section taken on the
line, a, of fig. 3, shewing the arrangement of the overflow pipe in the said con-
tainer. Fig. 5 is an elevation of the combined wicks and the rack tube which carries
them. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the gallery shewing the means I adopt for securing
it in position.
The mechanism for raising the oil, not having been improved, is not shown in the
drawings.
A, is the additional oil-container which is located at a suitable distance between the
wick case and the general reservoir. It consists of a cup or vessel terminating in a
tubular extension, which extension is provided, at its upper extremity, with a screw
thread, by means of which it is securely fitted into the case forming the general
reservoir and containing the pumping mechanism. The upper part of this cup or
vessel is formed with a ledge or rim a, to which is soldered an open or skeleton circular
frame or support b, screw-threaded internally at its uppermost part to receive the
wick-case B, and to maintain it at a safe distance from the oil at its highest level.
This frame or support forms, at the same time, a means for allowing a free circulation
of air for the purpose of keeping the oil in the additional container, and the wick
case, cool.
Within the additional container, and extending upwards to near the under surface
of the ledge or rim a, I arrange an overflow pipe c, through which excess oil, pumped
up from the general reservoir into said additional container, flows back to the general
reservoir. Through this overflow pipe, in which the air is free to circulate, to aid in
keeping the additional container cool, passes the rack d, which is connected to
the disc or piston in the general reservoir, and which is free to pass into the inner
tube of the wick case. This rack may be of that known construction that when the
lamp is wound up to its full extent, the rack can be wound back into a tube attached
to the disc or piston, so as to be perfectly clear of the wick case.
The bottom of the additional container A is fitted with a plug e, in which is drilled
a hole to allow passage to the usual moderator rodf, by means of which oil is supplied to
this container, whenever the key C is turned so as to cause the rack d, to raise the
disc or piston, and the oil to flow upwards along the rod f. D is the key for raising
or lowering the wick in its case B, but and which case, for the purpose of my invention,
is provided at its lower extremity with wire gauze i, or with a perforated plate, to
prevent particles of charred or glowing wick falling into the oil in the additional
container. An opening i* is cut in the wire gauze to allow free passage to the rack d
(see fig. 2).
The wick, or more correctly speaking combination of wicks, which I employ for the
purpose of my invention is clearly seen, in its combined form in the detached view
fig. 5. It is composed of two distinct portions or wicks g, g³, the portion g being

page_text: tubular and constituting the burning wick, and is (like the usual wicks) fitted on to
the rack tube h, which is free to travel between the inner and outer tubes forming the
wick case; it is held by the spring clips j. The feeding wick g¹ I construct as
a flat wick for the greater portion of its length, its uppermost portion only
terminating in a short tubular length g³, and surrounding the lower portion of the
burning wick g, to which it is secured by a winding of cotton thread 9³, or by other
convenient means. It will thus be seen that the burning wick g, not only does not
dip into the oil but, together with its case is kept at a proper distance from the oil in
the additional container, and that it receives its supply from the feeding wick, simply
by suction or capillary attraction. Thus vaporization at the level of the wick case, and
consequent explosion are obviated, as, by reason of my invention, the oil is not brought
to the level of the burning wick.
E is the gallery which when fitted in place rests on the ledge or rim a, and is
secured in position by means of the double bayonet slot p which engages with the
keys C and D.
Although I have described and shewn my invention as applied to a Moderator
Lamp, it may be employed, in like manner, to a Carcel Lamp.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Constructing, or adapting, Moderator, or Carcel, lamps in the manner substan-
tially as herein before described, so that the same are rendered capable of burning
mineral oils without fear of explosion, or undue heating of the parts of the lamp.
2. The employment of an additional oil-container, furnished with an overflow pipe,
and located between the general reservoir, and the burner proper, substantially as
herein before described and as shewn in the annexed drawings, and for the purposes
specified.
3. The combination with in lamps such as those above described, of the additional
oil-container of with the open or skeleton support for keeping the wick-case away
from the oil, and for allowing free circulation of air to the said wick case, and for
keeping the oil, in the additional container, cool, as described and shewn
4. Providing the wick case with wire gauze, or its equivalent, for the purpose of
preventing particles of charred or glowing wiek falling into the additional oil container,
as described and shewn.
5. The employment and combination of two wieks, one of which dips into the
additional container and feeds the other or burning wick with oil, as described and
shown..
6. The improved burner having its parts constructed, arranged, and combined
substantially as hereinbefore described and as shewn in the annexed drawings, and for
the purposes set-forth.

page_text: Render them Capable of Burning Mineral Oils.
I, CHARLES DIXON ARIA, trading as Smethurst and Company, of 139 New Bond
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Lamp Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon) that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in, or applicable to, Moderator and Carcel
Lamps, whereby such lamps are rendered capable of burning mineral oils, without
fear of explosion, or overheating of the metallic parts of the lamp.
Heretofore, notwithstanding repeated attempts it has been found impossible to so
construct or adapt a Moderator Lamp, or a Carcel Lamp, which would burn Mineral
oils with safety, owing chiefly to the oil being brought to the level of the wick case
which thus occasioned a rapid formation of vapor, and consequent explosion; again,.
the burner, and its adjacent parts, became unduly heated, and by communicating heat
to the mineral oil employed, provoked the rapid heating and consequent vaporization
of the oil, thus rendering the lamps unsafe for use.
Now, according to my invention, I construct, or adapt, these lamps so that the
aforesaid defects are entirely obviated, and they are rendered perfectly safe, as the
mineral oil employed for feeding the wick is not brought to the level of the wick case,
but is kept at a safe distance therefrom, and the burning wick does not receive its
supply direct from the general reservoir; furthermore by reason of the construction
of certain of the various parts of the burner these are maintained at a low temperature
even after the lamp has been burning for hours.
In constructing or adapting a Moderator, or a Carcel, Lamp according to my
invention, I do not, in any way, interfere with the mechanism employed for pumping or
raising the oil, my improvements relating chiefly to the burner which I so construct,
as hereinafter fully described, that the object of my invention is attained.
In carrying out my Invention I construct, or provide, the lamp with an additional
oil-container which, by preference, forms part of the burner, and which supports the
077

page_text: wick-case, said additional container being located at a suitable distance from the
general reservoir, in the base of the lamp, and from the wick-case so as not to alter
the appearance of the lamp. Into this additional container 1 pump or raise the oil
in the ordinary manner, an overflow pipe being provided in such container to allow
excess oil to return to the general reservoir. My invention further relates to a means
for keeping the wick-case and the oil in the additional container cool, and to the
employment and combination of two wicks, one of which I call the feeding wick
which dips into the said additional container, and the other the burning wick, or wick
proper, which receives, by suction, or capillary attraction, the necessary supply of
oil from the feeding wick. My invention further relates to a means for preventing
particles of charred or glowing wick falling into the oil in the additional container.
And in order that my invention may be readily understood, I proceed to describe
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings which shew my construction
of burner for use with a Moderator lamp.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of said burner removed from the lamp, and fig. 2 a
vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the additional oil-
container detached from the wick-case, and Fig. 4 a horizontal section taken on the
line x, x, of fig. 3, shewing the arrangement of the overflow pipe in the said con-
tainer. Fig. is an elevation of the combined wicks and the rack tube which carries
them. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the gallery showing the means I adopt for securing
it in position.
The mechanism for raising the oil, not having been improved, is not shewn in the
drawings.
A, is the additional oil-container which is located at a suitable distance between the
wick case and the general reservoir. It consists of a cup or vessel terminating in a
tubular extension, which extension is provided, at its upper extremity, with a screw
thread, by means of which it is securely fitted into the case forming the general
reservoir and containing the pumping mechanism. The upper part of this cap or
vessel is formed with a ledge or rim a, to which is soldered an open or skeleton circular
frame or support b, screw-threaded internally at its uppermost part to receive the
wick-case B, and to maintain it at a safe distance from the oil at its highest level.
This frame or support forms, at the same time, a means for allowing a free circulation
of air for the purpose of keeping the oil in the additional container, and the wick
case, cool.
Within the additional container, and extending upwards to near the under surface
of the ledge or rim a, I arrange an overflow pipe c, through which excess oil, pumped
up from the general reservoir into said additional container, flows back to the general
reservoir. Through this overflow pipe, in which the air is free to circulate, to aid in
keeping the additional container cool, passes the rack d, which is connected to
the disc or piston in the general reservoir, and which is free to pass into the inner
tube of the wick case. This rack may be of that known construction that when the
lamp is wound up to its full extent, the rack can be wound back into a tube attached
to the disc or piston, so as to be perfectly clear of the wick case.
The bottom of the additional container A is fitted with a plug e, in which is drilled
a hole to allow passage to the usual moderator rod f, by means of which oil is supplied to
this container, whenever the key C is turned so as to cause the rack d, to raise the
disc or piston, and the oil to flow upwards along the rod f. D is the key for raising
or lowering the wick in its case B, but which case, for the purpose of my invention,
is provided at its lower extremity with wire gauze i, or with a perforated plate, to
prevent particles of charred or glowing wick falling into the oil in the additional
container. An opening i* is cut in the wire gauze to allow free passage to the rack d
(see fig. 2).
The wick, or more correctly speaking combination of wicks, which I employ for the
purpose of my invention is clearly seen, in its combined form in the detached view
fig. 5.
It is composed of two distinct portions or wicks g, g', the portion 9 being
tubular and constituting the burning wick, and is (like the usual wicks) fitted on to
the rack tube h, which is free to travel between the inner and outer tubes forming the

page_text: wick case; it is held by the spring clips j. The feeding wick g¹ I construct as
a flat wick for the greater portion of its length, its uppermost portion only
terminating in a short tubular length g³, and surrounding the lower portion of the
burning wick 9, to which it is secured by a winding of cotton thread 9*, or by other
convenient means. It will thus be seen that the burning wick g, not only does not
dip into the oil but, together with its case is kept at a proper distance from the oil in
the additional container, and that it receives its supply from the feeding wick, simply
by suction or capillary attraction. Thus vaporization at the level of the wick case, and
consequent explosion are obviated, as, by reason of my invention, the oil is not brought
to the level of the burning wick.
E is the gallery which when fitted in place rests on the ledge or rim a, and is
secured in position by means of the double bayonet slot p which engages with the
keys Cand D.
Although I have described and shewn my invention as applied to a Moderator
Lamp, it may be employed, in like manner, to a Carcel Lamp.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Constructing, or adapting, Moderator, or Carcel, lamps in the manner substan-
tially as hereinbefore described, so that the same are rendered capable of burning
mineral oils without fear of explosion, or undue heating of the parts of the lamp.
2. The employment of an additional oil-container, furnished with an overflow pipe,
and located between the general reservoir, and the burner proper, substantially as
herein before described and as shewn in the annexed drawings, and for the purposes
specified.
3. The combination with the additional oil-container of the open or skeleton support
for keeping the wick-case away from the oil, and for allowing free circulation of air
to the said wick case, and for keeping the oil, in the additional container, cool, as
described and shewn.
4. Providing the wick-case with wire gauze, or its equivalent, for the purpose of
preventing particles of charred or glowing wick falling into the additional oil container,
as described and shewn.
5. The employment and combination of two wicks, one of which dips into the
additional container and feeds the other or burning wick with oil, as described and
shewn.
6. The improved burner having its parts constructed, arranged, and combined
substantially as herein before described and as shewn in the annexed drawings, and for
the purposes set forth.
Noted thin oond law of Namba 1007