IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH HEATING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Barry Stanton, of High Street, West Bromwich,
in the County of Stafford, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND CONNECTED WITH HEATING AND VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND
IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE"
Sealed the 20th July 1877, and dated the 24th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Barry Stanton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1877
FREDERIC BARRY STANTON, of High Street, West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Enginee "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH HEATING AND
VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE"
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with heating and
ventilating railway carriages, and the object is,-
Fustly To so construct new railway carriages or alter present stock that lamps,
gas jets, or small stoves, and water or air tanks can be fitted under the seats or
between the seats of two adjoining compartments, in order that the heat imparted
to the water on an may be allowed to pass into the compartiments above the heads
of the passengers, and also under the seats, the heated an passing through apertures
such as perforated gauze or in wirework or fietwork of any ornamental character
To cay my Invention into practice I form a chamber or box under the division
of two compartments, in which I place a lamp or lamps, small stove or gas jets, the
latter leading from gas bags fixed under the end seats of the carriage or elsewhere
On the top of the smoke chamber or box and directly over the lamps, stoves, or gas
Jets I place two tanks for air or water with a small valve, the tanks being wider
than the box or chamber, I fix iron or wood supports to relieve the weight from
the chamber The chamber has a tube vertically through it bell-shaped at bottom
like an inverted funnel as a smoke tube and leading to other tubes, and fitted above
the 100f to an outlet, preferably a cowl, to turn about and adjust itself to the
direction of travel of the carriage in on to which it is fitted The smoke tube or
tubes are enclosed between two wainscoat partitions forming the back of the seats,
and these have wire gauze or fretwork covering openings above the level of the
sitters' head's for the passage of the heated an into the compartments.

page_text: The smoke tube occupies a central or other position between the two partitions,
and the heat which is generated from the chamber tubes and water on air tanks
rises up into the space between the partitions and spreads in the space under the
seats and through the fretwork into the compartments The feed of cold or atmo-
spheric air enters through the floor or through side ventilators into the chamber to
cause combustion
The heating apparatus is put in its place from small side doors in the carriage,
and is so arranged as not to interfere at all with the outside appearance of the
cari lage.
Secondly For ventilating the carriages in summer I remove the an-tight doors
from my sinoke chamber and substitute a frame of wood with canvas stitched ove
it, so that the cold an rushing into the chamber from under the carnage keeps up a
continual ventilation, the cold an passing though the same fietwork as the hot an
passes The dust is confined to the smoke chamber and diawn up through the
smoke chimney into the open an, and I therefore get perfect ventilation without
draught or dust
In camages where I have 100in 1 take the option of attaching to my heating
apparatus tubes for the passage of steam or hot water, either in, under the seats of
along the floor let in flush across the door ways, and to run from one compartment
to another, so that if sufficient heat can be generated with one apparatus it can be
used for the whole carnage I may use only one, and either dispense with the
others or keep them ready for work in case of repans being needed to the one
in use
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Fiedenc Bany Stanton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
July 1877
FREDERIC BARRY STANTON, of High Street, West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH HEATING AND
VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE"
This Invention relates to improvements in and connected with heating and
ventilating railway carnages, applicable also to 1oad vehicles, the object being,-
Fustly To so construct new tailway carriages or alter present ones, that lamps,
gas jets, small stoves, also water or an tanks can be fitted under the seats or
between the seats of two adjoining compartments, in order that the heat imparted
to the water or an on both may be allowed to pass into the compartments above
the heads of the passengers and also fiom under the seats, the heated an passing
through apertures such as perforated gauze, wuework, or fietwork of any oina-
mental character
To cany my Invention into practice I form a chamber with walls of sheet non,
steel, copper, or other metal under the division of two compartiments of a carriage,
into which I place a lamp or lamps, small stoves or gas jets, the latter leading fiom
gas bags fixed under the end scats of the camage or elsewhere. Within the coin-
partment or chamber the ends of which form an-tight doors of non or steel I placo
two tanks made of copper or other metal containing water, which is heated by the
lamp or lamps, stoves or gas jets, as aforesaid, the heated water passing through
tubes of copper or other metal These tubes pass through the sides of the chamber
into each compartment and are fixed with unions to the tanks The pipes are so
arranged that the heated water is kept flowing round to ensure a continuous
cuculation which gives off an unifor in heat The tanks are provided with a vertical
chimney through the centre for the lamps, the smoke passing into the chamber
above the tanks and thence into the open air through a tubular chimney, arranged
vertically, and leading from the inside, where it. is bell-shaped, like an inverted
funnel and runs up through the roof to an outlet, preferably a cowl, which turns

page_text: about and adjusts itself to the duection of travel of the carriage in or to which it is
fitted This smoke tube is enclosed between two wainscoat partitions forming the
backs of the seats, and these partitions have wire gauze or fretwork covering the
openings above the level of the sitters' heads for the passage into the compartments
of the heated air from the chamber and pipes below, the heat passing also into the
compartments from under the seats
To cause combustion the feed of cold or atmospheric air enters the safe through
the floor, the quantity being icgulated by an automatic valve
The heating apparatus complete is put into the carriage through small side doors
resembling dog box doois, but plain panelled to match and make no alteration to
the outside appearance of the calliage
In existing carriages where railway companies may not wish the partition
disturbed I place my smoke tube down the side of the chamber and fix the cowl
underneath the floor
On the foregoing principle one heater is required to two compartments, but by an
alteration and extension of the pipes containing the hot water one apparatus in each
carriage may be used only, the pipes passing along the floors let in flush across the
door ways from one compartment to another
Secondly Foi ventilating the carriages in summer I remove the au-tight doors of
the safe or chamber, and substituto a frame of wood or metal with canvas or other
inaterial stretched over it either singly or doubly as required
The automatic
valves in the bottom of the chamber are slipped for waid out of place leaving wide
openings through the floor into the chamber, into which the cold air caused by the
running of the train rushes, and is admitted into the compartment through the
canvas, the dust being kept back and finding its way up the smoke chimney into
the air, so that the cold air finds its way through the same fietwork openings as tho
heated an did
To complete the ventilating system and avoid dust entering the carnago I
ventilate into the space between the two partitions high up in the compartment
Just under the hoop sticks, the hot and foul an passing through the 100f, thus the
doors of the carriages may be made without the ordinary ventilators, which admit so
much dust and draught
Thudly As a thud part of this Invention I apply the principle on a revised
scale to road vehicles, such as tiam cais, omnibuses, cars, cabs, and private carriages.
The annexed Diawings represent how I cairy the foregoing Invention into
practice
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a first class railway cainage, and Figure 2
a transverse section of same through the line x, x, Figures 3 and 4 being detail
enlarged views of the heating apparatus within a compartment under and between
two seats
A, A, represents the vehicle, B, B, the partitions at the back of the seats and
under them, between which is the compartment C, in form similar to a dog box, or
D is the bottom of the vehicle in
which may be the dog box itself if desired
which are perforations for the passage of an to the chamber C for supplying the
flame of the lamp or lamps or other lighting appliance E, E, and for furnishing a
supply of air to be heated within the chamber before its exit into the carriage by
perforations F, F, above the heads of the sitters, and also by the apertures oi per-
forations G, G, in the partitions B, B The burner of the lamp E is carried into a
funnel in a tank H, and the heat is taken up by the water within said tank, the
smoke from the lamp escaping by the vertical shaft I, up which it ascends to abovo
the 100f and escapes through the cowl J, which turns itself opposite to the direction
of the travel of the vehicle
In the case of fitting two lamps and tanks in one box it is proposed to fit one in
on each side, and by connecting the pipes K, K, between the tanks a circulation
of water can be established, or a circulation plan can be maintained in each tank
if desired The ends of the heating chambers are provided with close fitting
doors L, L.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim
-
Firstly The appliances and then position in vehicles generally in or by which a
heating and also a ventilation of the same are maintained during cold weather, as
described, and substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
Secondly I claim the ventilation of vehicles generally by the means and
appliances herein-before referred to during waim or summer weather
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederic Barry Stanton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.