Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 29th Apr., 1899
I, JEAN MAZIÈRES, of 169, Rue Judaique, Bordeaux, in the Republic of France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The present invention relates to a water tube boiler having water tubes of the
Field type and having a feed water heater also with tubes of the Field type.
The accompanying drawing which is given by way of example illustrates one
way of carrying out the invention. In this drawing Figure 1 is a vertical section
of the vaporiser and of the feed water heater.
Figure 2 is a section through the axis of the reservoir of the vaporiser and of
the return water tubes of the same. It also shows in front elevation the vaporising
elements and the corresponding horizontal collector, the whole being shewn without
the furnace and its accessories as also without the feed water heater.
Figure 3 is a partial section of a water tube shewing a mode of fixing the water
tubes and the internal feed water tubes upon the vertical collectors.
Figure 4 shews the apparatus with claws which serve to remove the aforesaid
tubes.
In Figures and 2, the outer parts of the boiler, the parts of the safely
apparatus, and feed apparatus, of the discharging device, and of the grate and of
the furnace common to all boilers are as follows:-
The water and steam reservoir R which is arranged in front of the front end
plate of the boiler and parallel to the latter. Upon this reservoir R is fixed a
horizontal dome D upon which are mounted the two safety valves, the steam
connector cock V; the water level indicator r is fixed on the reservoir R by means
of two unions.
The reservoir R is supported by two brackets D' and is situated outside of the
furnace and away from all contact with the gases of combustion. It is also
separated from the vapourising elements with which it communicates only by
means of the pipes R and I. It is divided into three parts by means of the
partitions A, A, Figure 2. Into the central part B there open the pipes I of
the vapourising element. In the two end compartments (", ", there are arranged
the water supply branches of the water return pipes R¹. This division of the
reservoir into compartments has for objects, first to prevent by means of the
diaphram and of the partitions A, A, all boiling up of the water in
the compartments C₁, C" then, as the feed is introduced into the central
compartment B, the deposits produced by the feed water are deposited therein
and are prevented by the partitions A, A¹ from passing into the compartments
C, C, of the water inlets of the pipes R. The result of these arrangements is
that all the incrusting materials and the mud are deposited into the central
compartment B whence they can be removed by blowing off and internal cleaning.
The compartments C, C do not receive any deposits, nor any return of the

page_text: mixture of water and steam from the pipes I. The result is that there is no fear
whatever of any carrying over of the deposits into the vapourising tubes. In this
manner the cleanliness of the vapourising tubes is insured in a constant manner.
The diaphram d which is pierced with small holes has for object to prevent
the water from being spurted from the outlets of the mixture of water and steam
from the pipes I of the vapourising elements. It also serves at the same time
to separate the water and the steam. The water return pipes R₁ communicate
with the horizontal collector G. At the lower part of these pipes, there are
provided small sediment collectors into which all sediment is deposited which
may have been carried over the partitions A, A¹. A blow off and discharge cock U
is fitted to the lower part of the collectors. Upon the horizontal collector G
there are fixed, by means of straps and bolts, the vertical collectors C of the
vapourising elements having tubes of the Field type. These vertical collectors
are composed of two compartments E and F separated by a partition f from the
water tubes T and the feed water tubes which are slightly inclined and have
a manhole which serves for the inspection, erection and removal of the tubes.
The number of vapourising elements, as also the number of the tubes composing the
same, vary according to the amount of steam which the boiler is required to
generate. At their upper part the vertical collectors C are connected to the
reservoir R by means of straps and bolts by means of the pipes I. These pipes
I form the inlet for the mixture of steam and water from the vapourising elements
to the reservoir R. These pipes according to the use to which the boiler is to be
put may discharge either on a level with the water level or above or below the
same. The circulation of the water follows the following cycle:-The water
from the reservoir R passes into the pipes R¹ then flows into the horizontal
collector G, becomes distributed by said collector into the compartments E of
the vertical collectors C. It then follows the inner tubes t and returns in the
annular space comprised between the tubes T and t. In this return flow it is
subjected to the heat of the furnace and is converted for the greater part into
steam. In this condition it passes into the compartment F and rises in the state
of steam mixed with water in the pipes I whence it flows into the reservoir R
where the diaphragm d serves to separate the water and the steam. On leaving
the reservoir R, the water follows the direction indicated by the arrows and
returns to the reservoir by means of the pipes I with a velocity which is greater
the smaller the density of the mixture of the water and the steam which flows off
through the pipes I. This velocity is therefore proportional to the production of
steam or to the intensity of the heating action. The feeding by means of the
horizontal collector G of the vapourising elements insures a systematic feeding
of the water tubes, and this takes place in a manner proportional to their distance
from the grate. The result of this arrangement is that, whatever the intensity
of the heating action may be, the lower tubes will be fed first and in quantity
corresponding to the steam produced. The upper vapourising tubes whose
production of steam is less, are thus fed in proportion to their production of
steam.
Figure 3 illustrates the method of fixing the tubes to the partition that separates
the two compartments of the vertical collectors. The water tube is fixed in the
following manner:-The boss e of the collector is conical, and the part of the
tube T which is of conical form of the same size as the bored portion of the boss e,
is fitted into the latter. An externally screw threaded ring A" is adapted to
screw into the internal screw thread in the partition f. On tightening up this
ring it bears against the end of the water tube T and forces it into its fixing cone.
The internal portion of this ring A" is bored out conical, and in this cone there
is fixed the inner tube which is permanently fixed by means of a mandril
bearing upon its end and upon which gentle blows are given until the tube is
rigid in its cone. Centreing pins are rivetted to the tube t.
"Figure 4 shews the ring A" in front elevation. Four projections 2 (three

page_text: projections are shown in Figs. 3 & 4) serve as a bearing for the key for screwing
and unscrewing the ring. To remove the tubes, the procedure is as follows:
The manhole cover being removed, a rod W (Figure 4) is introduced having
two branches forming a spring and provided at its ends with two nipples which
fit into holes n formed in the tube . This having been done, the cross piece of
the manhole cover is placed in position and tightened up. At the slightest effort
the tube leaves its bored sockets and can then be removed by hand. The ring
A is then unscrewed, and the tube T is treated the same as the tube by
introducing the nipples of a rod W of greater length than the first one into the
holes m of the tube T. The water tube boiler, hereinbefore described may be
provided with a feed water heater. This heater which is shown in section in
Figure has tubes of the Field type, like the vapouriser. It consists of a
horizontal collector Q placed upon a support q, of a diaphragm l' for protecting
it against the hot gases. Upon this collector there are fixed by means of straps
and bolts the vertical collectors C which are similar to those of the vapouriser,
and are composed of two compartments E and F separated by a partition f¹
and of manholes &¹. The upper part of these collectors is connected to a
reservoir R by means of the tubes 1. This reservoir contains water and steam.
It is independent of the heating elements and is protected from the gases of
combustion. The cycle of the circulation of the water in the heater is the same
as that in the vapouriser. The water descends from the reservoir R into the
collector through the tubes T, passes into the collector Q and is distributed
to the vertical collectors C in the compartments E. The water passes into the
feed tubes t', returns through the annular space comprised between the tubes T
and t¹, becomes heated and is partly converted into steam in the highly heated
passages. In this condition it returns into the compartment F1 in order to pass
thence to the reservoir R through the tubes I¹. In the heater constructed as
above described, steam pockets can never be produced, because the steam is
compelled to ascend into the reservoir R. The reservoir R communicates with
the reservoir R of the vapouriser. The pressure in R" and in the heater is the
same as in the vapouriser. The communication between the two reservoirs is
effected, as follows:-
A pipe a corresponding with the level of the water in the reservoir R",
connects the latter to the reservoir R as follows:-
This pipe a is connected to a three-way cock A¹ fixed upon the check valve Bu
that communicates with the feed pipe m¹ situated in the reservoir R. A second
pipe b effects communication between these two reservoirs in those portions which
contain the steam. A cock B allows of shutting off the communication when the
heater is cut off from the vapouriser. When the heater is working, the feed is
effected in the following manner:
The water arrives through the pipe J in amount regulated by the regulator M,
and passes into the check valve N, and thence is directed into the collector Q
of the heater by means of the three-way cock H. The water is drawn into the
cycle of the circulation and arrives in the reservoir R. The level in the latter
rises and the hottest water overflows in cascade fashion through the pipe a into
the reservoir R.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates the vapouriser and the heater
working together. The hot gases of the furnace on leaving the vapouriser, pass
into the flue X, rise up in the flue of the damper S and heat the feed water and
then escape through the damper U into the side flues Y which discharge at their
lower part into the flue Z leading to the chimney. When it is desired to throw
the feed heater out of operation, the feed regulator M is closed so as to stop the
feed. The cock H is placed in communication with the cock All by means of
the pipe O. By means of the cock A communication is shut off with the pipe a
and is established with the pipe 0. The feed regulator M is again opened and
then the feed is introduced into the reservoir R of the vapouriser by the pipe 0,
the cock A, the check valve B and the pipe m², Then the damper Wis

page_text: opened and the dampers S and U are closed. The gases leaving the vapouriser
then pass to the chimney by the flue Z. Then the cock 131 of the steam pipe
is closed. When these operations have been done there is no longer any
communication between the vapouriser and the heater, and the boiler continues
to work with the vapouriser only. In order to replace the heater in operation
the contrary operations of those which serve to cut it off, are carried out." These
arrangements and combinations may also be applied to marine boilers. In this
case the masonry walls are replaced by sheet metal plates. These arrangements
are of very great importance, such as in case of an accident occurring to the heater
or when it becomes necessary to inspect the latter, or when it is desired to throw
the heater out of use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
(1) A water tube boiler having water tubes of the Field type, provided with a
water and steam reservoir situated externally and sheltered from the gases of
combustion of the furnace, comprising a cycle of circulation of the feed water
such that the feeding of the tubes is proportional to their distance from the grate
of the furnace, the boiler being capable of being provided with a feed water heater
likewise with tubes of the Field type and which heater may at will be caused
to work with the vapouriser, or be thrown out of operation.
(2) In a water tube boiler as specified in Claim 1, a water and steami
reservoir arranged upon brackets outside the furnace and away from the gases
of combustion, provided with a steam supply and the safety parts, and divided by
two partitions into three portions of which one, the central portion, receives the
feed water which deposits its sediment therein that can be removed therefrom,
whilst a perforated diaphragm arranged in a suitable manner serves to separate
the water and the steam.
(3) In the boiler as specified in Claim 1, a horizontal collector receiving the
water from the above mentioned reservoir through the medium of vertical tubes
provided with a blow off cock, said horizontal collector communicating with vertical
collectors upon which are fixed the water tubes, divided into two compartments
by means of a partition; the water coming from the horizontal collector and
entering the first compartment, thence passing into the feed tubes that com-
municate with said compartment, flowing through said tubes, and returning into
the second compartment by passing through the annular space formed by said
feed tubes and the water tubes surrounding the same, the mixture of steam and
water resulting therefrom, passing to the above mentioned reservoir in which
the separation of the water and the steam is effected.
(4) In the boiler as specified in Claim. 1, the arrangement of water tubes and
feed water tubes fixed upon the walls of the vertical collectors, characterised by
holes tapped into the partition that separates the two compartments, through
which the water tubes are introduced that are fixed in a boss in the inner wall
of the collectors where there they are each maintained by means of a ring screwed
into the corresponding aperture in the partition, the said ring being provided
with projections for the purpose of placing and removing the said ring, the
aperture in the latter being conical in order to receive the central feed water tubes
which is formed with centreing pins, a manhole being provided in the outer wall
of the collectors opposite the ring, and the tubes being capable of being easily
removed by means of a rod having branches, the ends of which are bent over in
the shape of nipples so as to engage in holes formed for this purpose in the tubes.
(5) In a water tube boiler, as specified in Claim 1. a feed water heater having
tubes of the Field type, arranged above the vapouriser, the flues of which are
provided with suitable dampers which allow of placing the heater out of operation
at will, and having a system of suitable pipes and cocks for effecting the feeding

page_text: of the vapouriser by means of the said heater, or for feeding the said vapouriser
directly without employing the heater.
'
(6) A water tube boiler, constructed, and arranged substantially as above
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 24th day of November 180S
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Chartered Patent Agent, 70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Associate Agent.