In- PROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING, DYEING, OR STAINING AND CHANGING THE COLOUR OF WOOLLEN PIECE GOODS, WOOLLEN RAGS, AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough,
in the County of Surrey, Merchant, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING, DYEING, OR STAINING AND
CHANGING THE COLOUR OF WOOLLEN PIECE GOODS, WOOLLEN RAGS, AND
ANIMAL SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 16th April 1972, and dated the 17th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydil at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1871.
I, GEORGE RYDILL, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough, in the County of
Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING, DYEING, OR STAINING AND
CHANGING THE COLOUR OF WOOLLEN PIECE GOODS, WOOLLEN RAGS, AND ANIMAL
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-

page_text: colored tiltings, grey and coloured blankets, wool, woollen rags, woollen
flocks, hair and animal substances, containing loose dye and foreign
matter, in a strong closed cylindrical or other shaped vessel made of
copper, iron, or iron lined with lead, wood, or other material capable of
standing pressure, containing diluted sulphuric acid or muriatic acid at
a strength by Twaddle glass from 2 to 20 degrees, when the same is
heated by steam from a high-pressure boiler from 200 to 300 degrees
under pressure to remove vegetable substances, loose dye, and foreign
matter. I then shut off the steam, reduce the pressure, and raise the
material and wash in clean water, then drain or place the same in an
hydro-extractor. I then place the woollen piece goods, colored tiltings,
grey, and colored blankets, grey wool, woollen rags, woollen flocks, and
animal substances in a cylindrical vessel containing diluted nitric acid,
or a mixture of nitric acid and caustic soda, and subject the same to
bydraulic or atmospheric pressure, so that the nitric acid penetrates every
fibre of the woollen or animal material, which will dye or change the
color in a cold state by laying in strong nitric acid liquid; but I prefer
to raise the material when saturated under pressure with the nitric acid
liquid, and allow the same to drain, or place the material in a hydro-
extractor to remove surplus liquid. I then place the wool, woollen rags,
or animal substances, in a jacketed cylindrical vessel, fasten down the
lid, and raise the temperature of the acid gas in the material in the
cylindrical vessel by allowing steam to enter the jacketed space, which
causes the material in the jacketed cylindrical vessel to be dyed, or the color
changed from a black or any other dark shade to a yellow or fawn color.
I then remove the lid on the cylindrical vessel and wash in cold water,
and then again allow the material to be acted upon under pressure in a
caustic soda liquid or ammonia to utilize the nitric acid and strike tho
color. I then remove the lid, take out the material, and wash in clean
water, providing the alkili was strong; or I allow the material after
being raised from the cylindrical vessel in the acid state to lay in a vessel
containing alkili.

page_text: a vessel not jacketed, and fasten down the lid. I then allow steam from
a boiler to enter in amongst the material; the steam raises the tem-
perature amongst the woollen and animal material, and immediately the
colored material becomes changed from a black, brown, green, blue, or
other color to a-yellow or fawn color. I then open the tap or valve in
the lid or at the side of the vessel connected with a pipe leading into
cold water. I then open the valve in the pipe from the steam boiler,
and force from the material inside the vessel the acid gases to be
condensed in cold water; the material is then removed almost free from
acid gases. I then subject the material as before stated to weak alkili,
or I place the woollen piece goods, colored tiltings, grey and colored
blankets, grey wool, woollen rags, woollen flocks, and animal substances,
after they have been subjected to hydraulic or other pressure in cold
nitric acid, into a cistern of diluted nitric acid heated by steam, which
causes the material to be dyed or color changed into one uniform color,
and almost momentary, should the acid liquid be strong and hot. I
then raise the material, wash, and soak in alkili liquid. When piece
goods are so treated they will require, while in the hot acid liquid, to
pass quickly over a roller or winch placed over the vessel, so that the
whole piece becomes evenly dyed or color changed evenly. By placing
the material first under hydraulic pressure in cold nitric acid "has a
great tendency to cause an even color to be obtained. When the picce
goods are removed from the hot nitric acid liquid cistern they must be
immediately placed and washed in cold water, then run through a weak
alkili. Extract woollen material so dyed, or color changed, I manufacture
into yellow and fawn rugs, blankets, travelling rugs, carpets, and for
other purposes.
י
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 17th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of No. 6, Maze Pond, Borough, in the County of Surrey,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing dato the Seventeenth day of October, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special licence
that I, the said George Rydill, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Rydill, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during. the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "EXTRACTING, Dyeing,
OR STAINING AND CHANGING THE COLOUR OF WOOLLEN PIECE GOODS, WOOLLEN RAGS,
AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES" upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said George Rydill, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office witliin
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: tiltings, gray and coloured blankets, gray wool, woollen rags, woollen
flocks, and animal substances, after they have been subjected to
hydraulic or other pressure in cold nitric acid, into a cistern of diluted
nitric acid heated by steam, which causes the material to be dyed or colour
changed into one uniform colour, and almost momentary, should the
acid liquid be strong and hot. I then raise the material, wash, and soak
in alkali liquid. When piece goods are so treated they will require while
in the hot acid liquid to pass quickly over a roller or winch placed over
the vessel, so that the whole picco becomes evenly dyed or colour changed
evenly. By placing the material first under hydraulic pressure in cold
nitric acid has a great tendency to cause an even colour to be obtained.
When the piece goods are removed from the hot nitric acid liquid cistern
they must be immediately placed and washed in cold water, then run
through a weak alkali. Extract woollen material so dyed or colour
changed I manufacture into yellow and fawn rugs, blankets, travelling
rugs, carpets, and for other purposes.
My Invention or that part of my Invention which I claim as not
hitherto employed to the best of my knowledge and belief in changing
the colour of blue, gray blankets, coloured tiltings, and piece goods, also
raw material, which might be blended and manufactured into blankets
or other picce goods, while such forms a mixture of dark shades of wool,
shoddy and woollen material containing a mixture of many colours
found in raw material, and subject the same either in a manufactured or
unmanufactured state to the action of nitric acid manufactured in iron
or glass retorts. Hitherto no attempt has been made to subject blankets
and woollen material to hydraulic, atmospheric, or vacuum pressure in
diluted nitric acid and caustic soda liquids in. closed vessels, as named
in this Specification; also the method of applying the same I carry out
as described in the manner of working of my Patent, dated October
17th, 1871, No. 2753. The proportions of the nitric acid and caustic
soda may vary according to the dark shade of the material to be dyed. a
fawn or yellow colour, and the shade required to be produced; but what
I prefer to use is nitric acid and caustic soda at a strength from 6 to 10
degrees on Twaddle's hydrometer when dyed or colour changed in a hot
state; and if material be dyed or colour changed from a dark to a yellow
or fawn colour in cold nitric acid and caustic soda, from 10 to 50 degrees
on Twaddle's hydrometer or a greater strength of liquid may be used ;
and to every gallon of nitric acid, say at 10 degrees on Twaddle's

page_text: hydrometer, I add one pint of caustic soda liquid at the same strength
as the nitric acid, and work as particularized in this Specification, and
whatever strength the nitric acid is used so is the ninth portion of
caustic soda added; and I further improve the colour, and remove acid
after dyeing the same, by washing off in weak caustic soda liquid at
about one strength on Twaddle's hydrometer.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.