AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR COATING IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER METALS WITH ELECTRO-DEPOSIT OR NICKEL OR CORALT OR OR BOTH METALS TW COMBINATION
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernst Daniel Nagel, of Hambourg, in the
Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR COATING IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER METALS WITH
ELECTRO-DEPOSIT OR NICKEL OR CORALT OR OR BOTH METALS TW
COMBINATION
"
Scaled the 13th June 1871, and dated the 30th December 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernst Daniel Nagel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th December 1870.
I, ERNST DANIEL NAGEL, of Hambourg, in the Empire of Germany,
3 Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR COATING IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER METALS WITH
ELECTRO-DEPOSIT OF NICKEL OR COBALT OR OF BOTH METALS IN COMBINATION," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved process for coating objects of
iron, steel, and other metals with an electro-deposit of nickel or cobalt or
of both metals in combination, whereby a hard, smooth, and even polished
covering of those metals is obtained. For this purpose in coating with
nickel I combine 400 parts by weight of pure sulphate of the protoxide

page_text: of nickel by crystallization with 200 parts by weight of pure ammonia
to form a double salt, which I then dissolve in 6000 parts of distilled
water and add thereto 120 parts of ammoniacal solution of the specific
gravity of 0909. The electro-deposition is effected by an ordinary
galvanic current, in using a platinum positive pole, the solution being
heated to about 100° Fahrenheit. The strength of the galvanic current
is regulated according to the number of objects to be coated. For
coating with cobalt 138 parts by weight of pure sulphate of cobalt are
combined with 69 parts of pure ammonia, and 400 parts of sulphate of
the protoxide of nickel are combined with 200 parts of pure ammonia
(as in the nickel process), each combination being formed separately,
thus forming two double salts.
The first is then dissolved in 1000 parts and the latter in 5000 parts
of distilled water, and the two solutions are mixed together and com-
bined with 120 parts of ammoniacal solution of the specific gravity of
0909. The electro-deposition is effected as with the nickel process,
but at a slightly higher temperature.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernst Daniel Nagel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 17th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ERNST
DANIEL NAGEL, of Hambourg, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Ernst Daniel Nagel, Her special
licence that I, the said Ernst Daniel Nagel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernst Daniel Nagel,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN

page_text: IMPROVED PROCESS FOR COATING IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER METALS WITH ELECTRO-
DEPOSIT OF NICKEL OR COBALT OR OF BOTH METALS IN COMBINATION," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Ernst Daniel Nagel, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernst Daniel Nagel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in an improved process for coating objects of
iron, steel, and other oxidizable metals with an electro-deposit of nickel
or cobalt, or of both metals in combination, whereby a hard, smooth,
and even polished covering of those metals is obtained. For this purpose
in coating with nickel I combine 400 parts by weight of pure sulphate
of the protoxide of nickel by crystallization with 200 parts by weight of
pure ammonia to form a double salt, which I then dissolve in 6000 parts
of distilled water, and add thereto 120 parts of ammoniacal solution of
the specific gravity of 0.909. The electro-deposition is effected by an
ordinary galvanic current in using a platinum positive pole, the solution
being heated to about 100° Fahrenheit. The strength of the galvanic
current is regulated according to the number of objects to be coated.
For coating with cobalt 138 parts by weight of pure sulphate of cobalt
are combined with 69 parts of pure ammonia to form a double salt which
I then dissolve in 1000 parts of distilled water, and add thereto 120
parts of ammoniacal solution of the specific gravity of 0.909. The electro-
deposition is effected as with the nickel process. For coating with an
alloy or combination of nickel and cobalt 138 parts by weight of pure
sulphate of cobalt are combined with 69 parts of pure ammonia, and
400 parts of sulphate of the protoxide of nickel are combined with 200
parts of pure ammonia (as in the nickel process), each combination
being formed separately, thus forming two double salts.
The first is then dissolved in 1000 parts and the latter in 5000 parts
of distilled water, and the two solutions are mixed together and combined
with 120 parts of ammoniacal solution of the specific gravity of 0.909.

page_text: The electro-deposition is effected as with the nickel process, but at a
slightly higher temperature. I employ this alloy of nickel and cobalt as
a coating in preference to coating with nickel or cobalt alone, as by the
combination of the two metals a coating of far greater intensity and
elasticity is attained, which is particularly necessary when coating
flexible metal objects.
My Invention is peculiarly applicable to such objects as knives,
surgical instruments, arms, stirrups, and other objects of iron or steel,
which are particularly liable to become rusty, and which become more
or less rapidly deteriorated or destroyed by constant cleaning with sand
or other substances acting by abrasion, whereas by coating such articles
according to my Invention a smooth and hard surface composed of
either the alloy of nickel and cobalt or of these metals alone is obtained,
which requires nothing more than occasional washing and wiping to
maintain a bright polished appearance.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, what I claim under the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. Coating objects of iron, steel, and other oxidizable metals with
an electro-deposit of an alloy of nickel and cobalt produced from a
combination of two double salts of these metals with the addition of
ammoniacal solution, substantially as set forth.
Second. Coating objects of iron, steel, and other oxidizable metals
with an electro-deposit of nickel produced from a double salt of this
metal combined with ammoniacal solution, substantially as set forth.
Third. Coating objects of iron, steel, and other oxidizable metals with
an electro-deposit of cobalt produced from a double salt of this metal
combined with ammoniacal solution, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernst Daniel Nagel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.