CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Year: 1857

page_text: to
LETTERS PATENT to George Scarr, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,.
Joiner, and James Pollard, of the same Place, Mechanic, for the Inven
tion of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Scarr and James
Pollard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 15th October 1857.
We, GEORGE SCARR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Joiner, and
JAMES POLLARD, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-.
Our improvement consists in the interposition of an extra, roller between the
ordinary cloth roller and the upper roller, having a roughened surface, and
commonly employed in power looms. This.extra roller is employed to give a
proper tension to the fabric before it is wound on to the cloth roller, and
thereby dispense with the roughened surface on the top roller hitherto
essential. The peripheries of these three rollers are in contact with each other,
the cloth passing over and under the intermediate extra roller to ensure a firm
hold, and the lower or cloth roller is mounted in bearings working in a vertical
slot in the framing, so that as the fabric accumulates upon the roller, and the
diameter increases, the bearings will allow.the roller to recede and become
adjustable to the increasing size of the roller. By this improvement the

page_text: roughened surface of the top roller is not required to hold the fabric, and thus
the surface of the cloth instead of being "raised" and injured by the said surface
becomes firmly pressed and smoothed by the contact of the intermediate extra
roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Scarr and. James Pollard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
SCARR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Joiner, and JAMES POLLARD,
of the same Place, Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Scarr and James Pollard, Her especial licence, that, we, the said
George Scarr and James Pollard, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said George Scarr and James Pollard, our execu-.
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, 'and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the certain condition, amongst others, that we, the said George,
Scarr and James Pollard, or one of us, by an instrument in writing 'under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said 'Invention, and in what manner
the same was 'to be performed, and. cause. the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
(...
NOW KNOW YE, that. I, the said George Scarr, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per
formed, to be particularly. described. and ascertained in and by the following
'statement and accompanying Drawings. (that is to say):
こ
.
Our improvement consists in the interposition of an extra roller between
the ordinary cloth roller and the. upper roller, having a roughened surface
coinmonly employed in power looms... This extra roller is employed to give a

page_text: ensure
proper tension, to, the fabric before it is wound on to the cloth roller, and:
thereby dispense with the roughened. surface of the top roller hitherto
essential. The peripheries of these three rollers are in contact with each.
other, the cloth passing over and under the intermediate extra roller to,
a firm hold, and the lower or cloth roller is mounted in bearings working in a
vertical slot in the framing, so that as the fabric accumulates upon the roller,
and the diameter increases, the bearings will allow the roller to recede and
become adjustable to the increasing size of the roller. By this improvement,
the roughened surface of the top roller is not required to hold the fabric, and
thus the surface of the cloth instead of being "raised" and injured by the said
rough surface becomes firmly pressed and smoothed by the contact of the
intermediate extra roller."
In order that the Invention may be more clearly understood and explained
in detail, we have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale
of about three inches to a foot, similar letters of reference being marked upon
corresponding parts of the machinery in the several Figures.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the rollers, shewing the method of keeping their
surfaces in contact by means of the hook, chain, and weighted lever; Fig. 2 is
an end view of the rollers, shewing the slotted framing to allow of the rise and
fall of the rollers according to the amount of fabric taken on or off the roller;
this Figure also shews the position of the fabric around and upon the rollers,
as indicated by the red line. In Fig. 1, a, a, is the framing, in which the top
roller bears in a fixed bearing, the rollers c, d, having no bearings, but are
sustained in their proper vertical position by the slot e in the framing, and the
required contact and friction by which they are driven being regulated by the
weighted levers f, f, which is in connection with the hooks g, g, by means of
the bands or chains h passing over grooved bosses or pulleys i, i, on the shaft
of the roller a; it will be evident that by this arrangement the surfaces of the
rollers or the cloth thereupon will be kept continually in contact, and by the
novel disposition of the cloth around and upon the rollers, it is prevented from
slipping without the employment of a roller having a roughed surface, the
three rollers being driven by the ordinary "taking-up motion" by the friction
of contact of the intermediate roller c, which is in connection with the said
motion by means of the wheel k, secured upon the shaft of the said roller.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, we would remark
in conclusion, that we wish it to be distinctly understood, that we claim the
interposition of an extra roller between the ordinary cloth roller and the upper
roller, in order to dispense with the roughened surface of such upper roller as
usually employed, together with the peculiar construction and arrangement of

page_text: apparatus for retaining the rollers or cloth thereupon in proper contact, as
herein-before described, set forth, and fully exhibited in the Drawings
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Scarr, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.<
GEORGE SCARR.. (L.S.)