Improvements in Internal Combustion Oil Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Oil Engines.
We, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw,
Manchester, Engineer, and RICHARD DODSON HULLEY, Albert Road, Levens-
hulme, Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
Our invention is for the purpose of measuring the quantity of oil required for
each working stroke of such oil engines as in governing take a charge or none
in the well known way. It consists of a chamber into which the oil is delivered
of a certain definite capacity, this chamber being the proper size to hold the
maximum quantity of oil required for one working stroke, and being emptied by
the suction of the engine piston at each charging stroke.
There are some conditions under which the quantity of oil per working or
charging stroke requires modification to give the best results, as for instance an
engine working at maximum load and thus giving working strokes as frequently as
possible requires a definite amount of oil to give the best result. Should however
the load decrease so as to cause the governor to miss out one or more working strokes
in succession, a slight increase in the amount of oil delivered into the engine to form
the next working stroke gives a better result than without such increase.
We obtain this increased amount in the following manner-A pump is arranged
to deliver at the necessary intervals the best quantity for each working stroke
when working at maximum load; this quantity being delivered into the measuring
chamber and owing to the special form given to the measurer is drawn into the
vaporiser by the piston of the engine during each suction stroke. The total
capacity of the measuring chamber however is somewhat larger than the volume
of this full power oil charge, so that when a working stroke has been cut out
by the governor, the pump which still continues delivering its definite quantity
delivers a second charge-or more charges-into the measuring chamber, which
owing to its greater capacity retains a slightly increased amount for delivery to the
engine the next time a working stroke is required, the excess overflowing and
returning to the oil receptacle.
In a modification of our invention, more especially applicable to sinaller engines,
in which it may not be necessary to give more than one measured oil charge, the
measuring chamber may be made of a suitable size to give the definite amount of
oil required, the pump however being made to throw a larger volume, and the
surplus which thus overflows at each delivery of the pump may be carried to supply
a lamp or for any other desired purpose, or may simply pass back to the oil tank.
Between the measuring chamber and the vaporiser in most instances it is desirable
to place a light non-return valve, which opens during the suction stroke of the
engine, allows the oil to be sucked in past it more or less mixed with and followed
by a current of air which thus sweeps the contents of the chamber out, and ensures
it being carried through into the vaporiser and thence into the engine. By
preference the form given to the measurer is that of a U with very short legs, and
the supply from the pump is delivered into the lower part of it from beneath.
When the measurer is used for giving one fixed charge only whether the engine be
running at light or full load it may be filled from a vessel placed above it instead of
by a pump. A regulated quantity is thus allowed to flow into the U-the surplus
passing as in the case of the pump either to feed the lamp or to a receptacle below.
A bird cage fountain arrangement may take the place of the overhead vessel so as
to dispense with a constant flow to the measurer or any overflow therefrom.
A

page_text: float designed so as to give a constant level may be used instead of the bird cage
fountain.
Dated this 20th day of December 1893.
F. W. CROSSLEY.
RICHARD DODSON HULLEY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Oil Engines.
We, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Crossley Brothers, Limited, Openshaw,
Manchester, Engineer, and RICHARD DODSON HULLEY, Albert Road, Levens-
hulme, Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention is for the purpose of measuring the quantity of oil required for
each working stroke of such oil engines as in governing take a charge, or none, in
the well known manner. It consists of a chamber into which the oil is delivered of
a certain definite capacity; this chamber being the proper size to hold the maximum
quantity of oil required for one working stroke, and being emptied by the suction
of the engine piston at each charging stroke.
There are some conditions under which the quantity of oil per working or
charging stroke requires modification to give the best results, as for instance an
engine working at maximum load, and thus giving working strokes as frequently as
possible requires a definite amount of oil to give the best result. Should, however,
the load decrease so as to cause the governor to miss out one or more working
strokes in succession a slight increase in the amount of oil delivered into the engine
to form the next working stroke gives a better result than without such increase.
To enable our invention to be better understood we append a sheet of drawings
in which Figure 1 is an end elevation, Figure 2 is a side elevation, Figure 3 is an
end elevation of a modified form, Figure 4 is a side elevation of the same.
In Figures 1 and 2, "A" represents the chamber or oil measurer in this instance
consisting of a straight drilled hole, "B" is the pipe from the oil pump delivery,
and "Cis the automatic valve hereinafter referred to, "D" is a passage into the
vaporiser. In Figures 3 and 4, "E" is the chamber or oil measurer, "F
" is the
pipe from the pump delivery, "G" is the automatic valve and "H" is the passage
to the vaporiser.
In connection with the measurer shown in Figures 1 and 2 a pump is arranged to
deliver at the necessary intervals the best quantity of oil for each working stroke,
when working at maximum load: this quantity being delivered into the measuring
chamber "A" and, owing to the special form of this chamber-drawn into the
vaporiser by the piston of the engine during each vapour charging stroke through
the passage "D" and the automatic valve "C." The total capacity of the
measuring chamber "A" however is somewhat larger than the volume of this full
power oil charge, so that when a working stroke has been cut out by the governor
the pump which still continues delivering its definite quantity delivers the second
charge-or more charges-into the measuring chamber "A which, owing to its
greater capacity, retains a slightly increased amount for delivery to the engine the
next time a working stroke is required, the excess overflowing into the cup shaped
receiver "I" and returning to the oil receptacle through the overflow pipe "K."
In a modification of our invention, more especially applicable to smaller engines
in which it may not be necessary to give more than one measured oil charge, the
measuring chamber may be made of a suitable size to give the definite amount of oil
required, the pump however being made to throw a larger volume and the surplus
which thus overflows at each delivery of the pump may be carried to supply a lamp
or for any other desired purpose or may simply pass back to the oil tank.
.

page_text: Between the measuring chamber and the vaporiser, in most instances, it is desir-
able to place the light non-return valve "C" which opens during the suction stroke
of the engine and allows the oil to be sucked in past it more or less mixed with an 1
followed by a current of air, which thus sweeps the contents of the chamber out
through "H" or "D" and ensures it being carried through into the vaporiser and
thence into the engine. By preference in some instances we form the measuring
chamber "E" as shown in Figures 3 and 4 the form given being that of a U or V
with very short legs. The oil may be delivered into the lower part of it from
beneath at the junction of the two short legs, or as shown in the drawings, may be
delivered into the mouth of one of the legs through "F." By thus forming the
measurer "E" the oil flows with a certain amount of momentum into the mouth of
one of the legs of the measuring chamber "E," this momentum given to the oil
causes it to spill over out of the mouth of the other leg so that though an excess
amount of oil may be pumped into the measurer "E" the oil does not quite fill the
measurer "E" but the quantity contained in it is sufficient for normal working
strokes. If the governor cuts out working strokes a second pump delivery of oil
takes place into the measurer "E." This measurer however being more or less
filled with oil the new charge does not cause so much disturbance in it, and after its
delivery the measurer is fuller than it was before, thus giving the slightly increased
amount of oil desirable to give a working stroke following an idle stroke or strokes.
Working in this manner there is still a surplus of oil to flow over into the over-
flow cup "L" and pass away by the pipe "M" to supply a lamp or for any other
purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The general construction and operation of measuring apparatus for supplying
regulated quantities of oil to oil engines as described and illustrated.
Dated this 14th day of September 1894.
F. W. CROSSLEY.
RICHARD DODSON HULLEY.