IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CALICOES AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: -
THISgOW.
Engineer and Patent Agent, for the invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CALICOES AND OTHER FABRICS." A commu-
nication from abroad by Gabriel Descat. of Paris, France, Dyer and
Printer.
Sealed the 28th June 1861, and dated the 29th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition.
29th December 1860.
the
1. GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1. Serie Street. Lincoln's Inn. in the County
of Middlesex. and No. 28. St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow. Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CALICOES AND OTHER FABRICS," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Gabriel Descat. of Paris. France, Dyer
and Printer.) to be as follows:- -
This Invention relates to a method of producing a peculiar novel effect in
printing calicoes and other fabrics by means of cylinders, which effect the
Inventor terms "double-faced printing." ("impression sans envers,") by
employing pressure and moisture to the color immediately after the impression
has been given. The Inventor takes a cylinder printing machine of any ordi-
[Price 8.1

page_text: nary form with two rollers arranged precisely as usual for printing two colors,
the exception that the second cylinder instead of being engraved is simply
pounced, and instead of revolving in a trough containing color moves in a bath
of water, gum water, or any other liquid capable of slightly damping the color
applied to the fabric by the first cylinder, and assisting its capillary movement into
the pores or interstices of the fabric. The machine being thus arranged the fabric
is passed, first between the pressing roller and the first engraved cylinder, and
will receive the impression from the latter, then continuing its course it will
arrive between the second cylinder and the pressing roller, and at this moment
the impression will become slightly moistened or damped by the small quan-
tity of liquid which adheres to the second cylinder, and will at the same time
receive a considerable pressure, so that the color instead of remaining on the
surface of the fabric will pass completely through it, and thus appear equally
on both sides of the fabric, so that the fabric will have no wrong side" or
back, but will present the pattern equally perfect and of uniform tint on both
sides of the same by one single impression. If it be desired to produce
shaded impressions by this process, the second cylinder is engraved in such a
manner that those parts of the design which are desired to be the darkest are
sunk or intagliated," and hence it will be obvious that only those parts left
in relief will exert the pressure, and consequently the desired effect of a shaded
impression will be produced. It will also be obvious that the precise effect of
both the double-faced and shaded impressions will depend upon the manner in
which the cylinders are engraved, and also upon the style, whether "padding."
"resist." "discharge." or other that may be employed; the same principle of
applying pressure and moisture immediately after the impression being still
adhered to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. GEORGE
DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn. in the County of Middlesex,
and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of ller

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Davies, Her special licence that I, the said George Davies,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING CALICOES AND OTHER FABRICS," being a communication to me from
abroad by Gabriel Descat. of Paris, France, Dyer and Printer, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that 1. the said George Davies. my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calender
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Davies, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement in writing, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a method of producing a peculiar novel effect in
printing calicoes and other fabrics by means of cylinders, which effect the
Inventor terms double-faced printing." (impression sans envers.) by employing
pressure and moisture to the color immediately after the impression has been
given. The Inventor takes a cylinder printing machine of any ordinary form
with two rollers arranged precisely as usual for printing two colors, with the
exception that the second cylinder instead of being engraved in simply pounced,
and instead of revolving in a trough containing color moves in a bath of water.
gum water, or any other liquid capable of slightly damping the color applied
to the fabric by the first cylinder, and assisting its capillary movement into the
pores or interstices of the fabric. The machine being thus arranged the fabric
is passed, first between the pressing roller and the first engraved cylinder, and
will receive the impression from the latter, then continuing its course it will
arrive between the second cylinder and the pressing roller, and at this moment
the impression will become slightly moistened or damped by the small quan-
tity of liquid which adheres to the second cylinder, and will at the same time
receive a considerable pressure, so that the color instead of remaining on the
surface of the fabric will pass completely through it, and thus appear equally on
both sides of the fabric, so that the fabric will have no "wrong side" or back,

page_text: but will present the pattern equally perfect and of uniform tint on both sides
of the same by one single impression. If it be desired to produce shaded
impressions by this process, the second cylinder is engraved in such a manner
that those parts of the design which are desired to be the darkest are sunk or
intagliated, and hence it will be obvious that only those parts left in relief will
exert the pressure, and consequently the desired effect of a shaded impression
will be produced. It will be obvious that the precise effect of both the
double faced and shaded impressions will depend upon the manner in which
the cylinders are engraved, and also upon the style: whether padding"
resist, discharge," or other that may be employed, the same principle of
applying pressure and moisture immediately after the impression being still
adhered to.
"
For example.--1. If on a plain ground dyed a- light color, a dark ground be
printed by means of a cylinder. with a subject reserved by engraving. the
second cylinder will damp the color and force it to penetrate through the
fabric. and if the engraving will furnish a sufficient amount of color the two
sides of the fabric will be equally charged with color, and thus a plain ground
will be produced with an impression alike on both sides.
2-1f on white fabric a pattern be printed (by means of a cylinder) in
resist," or in any color acting as a "resist." to any particular ground, and by
means of the second cylinder this resist be caused to penetrate through the
fabric, it will merely be necessary to produce a dark ground either by printing
or dyeing to obtain a plain dark ground with a white or colored pattern or
subject (in resist) alike on both sides.
3. If on a dark ground a pattern be printed by the first cylinder in any
"discharge," either white or colored, the action of the second cylinder will
ensure the production of a white or light-colored pattern ("in discharge ") on
a dark ground and alike on both sides.
4. If by means of the first cylinder the fabric be printed in a color having
a sufficient degree of intensity and viscosity to cover the fabric to a certain
shade, it will be evident that if for the second cylinder a roller be used having
cut in intaglio," those parts of the pattern which are desired to be darkest.
the parts in relief only will exercise a pressure and will force the color to
penetrate through the corresponding paris of the fabric, and thus a beautifully
shaded impression will be produced. It is not necessary here to particularise
the nature of the colors to be employed, as the facts which are obtained
depend principally upon mechanical causes, and therefore any colors may be
used that are ordinarily employed by merely taking the precaution to have
them in a proper state as regards their solubility and viscosity.

page_text: Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention for "Im-
provements in Printing Calicoes and other Fabrics." together with the manner
in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect.
I would remark, in conclusion, that I claim as the Invention communicated to
me by the said Gabriel Descat.-
Firstly, the use or employment of mechanical pressure on a color newly
printed by a cylinder, in order to produce an uniform penetration of the color.
so as to produce a fabric with a pattern alike on both sides (at one impres-
sion.) or to produce a shaded effect, as above described.
And, secondly, the use of an auxiliary liquid having the property of damping
the color to a certain degree, and assisting its capillary movement through
the pores and interstices of the fabric, and at the same time of keeping the
cylinder clean.
In witness whereof. I, the said George Davies, have hereunto sei my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
GEORGE DAVIES.. (L.S.)