matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF APPLYING COVERS OR AWNINGS TO GARDEN AND OTHER SIMILAR SEATS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO AWNINGS OR COVERS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Henri Désiré Ingé at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th August 1866.-A communication from abroad by Adolphe Laumeau,
residing at Versailles, in the Empire of France.
I, EUGÈNE HENRI DÉSIRÉ INGE, of Nelson Square, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF APPLYING COVERS OR AWNINGS TO GARDEN AND OTHER
SIMILAR SEATS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO AWNINGS OR COVERS
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the mode of applying
covers or awnings to garden and other similar seats, which improvements are
also applicable to awnings or covers for other purposes. For this purpose
when applying the Invention to garden and other similar seats the seat is
provided with suitable sockets to receive the lower ends of uprights or
standards, having bearings formed therein to receive two rollers, the lower
one having fixed thereto one end of the cloth forming the cover or awning,
whilst the other acts as a guide roller. The other end of the cover or
awning is fixed to arms or radius rods, which are pinjointed to the standards
or uprights carrying the rollers above referred to. The axis of the roller
having one end of the cover or awning fixed thereto has a handle and ratchet
wheel applied thereto to facilitate adjustment and to retain the cover or
awning at any desired height. If desired the arms or radius rods may be
maintained firmly in position by means of links or quadrants acting therewith,

page_text: and capable of being fixed in any desired position; by these or other
suitable means the cover or awning would be held firm against the action of
the wind. The ends of the seat may if desired be provided with curtains; for
this purpose I employ rods supported at one end by the standards or uprights
carrying the rollers, and at the other end by the ends of the arms or radius
rods, the curtain being fixed thereto by rings or other suitable means. By
these means protection is afforded at the back, top, and ends of the seat. By
using two or more seats provided with covers or awnings and end curtains, as
described, and placing them face to face a tent or marquee may be readily
formed.
In applying the Invention to other purposes suitable sockets and bearings
are provided in which to fix the uprights carrying the rollers and other parts,
or the uprights may be fixed in the ground or otherwise as desired. By
these means a cover or awning may be readily fixed or removed as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CROSSINGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Firth and Edward Firth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
5th December 1866.
We, JAMES FIRTH & EDWARD FIRTH, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY CROSSINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
railway crossings, whereby their durability is considerably increased; they
can be made from any section of steel or iron rails, and form a solid roadway
without any break as in the ordinary crossing, so that wheels roll smoothly
over without dropping as they do when passing from the wing rail on to the
point of the crossing at present in use, whereby axles and springs are
frequently broken.
I form that part of the crossing known as the point by the union of two
rails, which when united resemble the letter V, the point of the V-piece, which
is the width of one rail, I fix securely into an iron chair; forming a junction
with the V-piece in the same chair, but hinged thereto is a single rail, which
I term the crossing rail, this rail is free to slide from one line of rails to the
other. On the outside of one of the rails, opposite the point of the V-piece, I
fix a lever, one end of which is connected to the crossing rail and the other to
a balance bracket, which presses against the inside of the rail to which the
lever is attached. When the balance bracket is resting against the rail the
crossing rail is right for one line of roadway, say No. 1; for the other line of

page_text: roadway, say No. 2; the wheels, when passing over the rail, against which
the balance bracket rests, the flanges force the balance bracket off and draw
the crossing rail right for line No. 2; as soon as the wheels have passed
over the balance bracket falls back against the rail and restores the crossing
rail to its first position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Broadfoot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1866.
I, JOHN BROADFOOT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Plumber and Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows, that is to say:―
This Invention relates to the constructing of waterclosets in a simple and
efficient manner with double discharge valves, so as to be suitable for ships
and other situations. One of the discharge valves comprises a spherical piece
with a cylindrical passage made through it of the size of the discharge
passage. The spherical piece is held in a spherical box lined or partially lined
with leather and formed in halves, and is turned by means of a horizontal
spindle to which a hand lever is attached. The spindle has a small eccentric
on it for opening the water valve or tap, and it has also on it a short lever
connected by a link to a lever which actuates the second valve. The discharge
passage deviates laterally from the first discharge valve, and enters the side of
what constitutes the box of the second valve and the top of the final discharge
outlet. The second valve is a lift valve in the form of a plunger, which rises
into a cylindrical shell above, so that matters cannot get above it, and it has
its seat on a ring of rubber or the like fixed upon the metal seat. The rod of this
valve passes upwards through a stuffing box and is acted on by the lever before

page_text: mentioned; but the lever has a certain play between shoulders or stops on the
rod, in consequence of which the first valve is opened and closed again before
the second valve opens, and both valves are never both open at once. The
required delay in opening the second valve is also to some extent provided for
by the lever on the first spindle being set so as not to move the second lever
much until the spindle is turned some distance. The actuating details may be
modified in various ways to suit different requirements; for example, the lever
on the main spindle may be actuated by an ordinary lifting handle and rod,
and it may act directly on the spindle of the second valve, thus dispensing with
the intermediate lever herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSING AND PACKING COTTON, WOOL, JUTE, AND OTHER SIMILAR BULKY ARTICLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Templeton Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1866.
I, JAMES TEMPLETON WOOD, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COMPRESSING AND PACKING COTTON, WOOL, JUTE, AND OTHER SIMILAR BULKY
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to compress and pack cotton and
other similar bulky articles for transport on railways or water, so that they
will occupy less bulk, and a larger quantity may be carried in a restricted
space than heretofore.
It is not intended that the present Invention shall altogether supersede the
pressing of cotton into a small space by bydraulic or screw pressure, so that
it may be secured in packages of small bulk suitable for stowage in a ship or
other vessel; the object of the Invention is simply to economize space in
railway trucks or waggons, boats, barges, or other conveyances used for the
transport of such bulky materials. To this end the cotton or other material
intended to bo conveyed in a railway waggon, for instance, is compressed
between a follower mounted on wheels or rollers, and constructed to work in

page_text: the interior of the waggon and another framing or truss supporting the
exterior of the end of the waggon. When the cotton or other bulky material
is placed in the waggon between these two framings they are drawn or forced
together by any suitable tackle, or by screws, or other equivalent mechanical
device, and when sufficiently compressed the bales may be temporarily pre-
vented from returning to their original bulk by chains or other fastenings, and
then the compressing apparatus may if desired be removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LACE FABRICS, AND IN. THE. MACHINERY: OR APPARATUS, EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Grey Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition,, on the 3rd March
1866..
I, CHARLES GREY HILL, of Commerce Square; High Pavement, in the
Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said. Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING
LACE FABRICS, AND IN. THE. MACHINERY: OR APPARATUS, EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be
as follows:-
My improvements consist, first, in causing to adhere to or on a breadth of
lace a series of widths of edgings, lines of chenille,. cords, twists, gimps, silk,.
cotton, or other ornamenting materials, in such relative position to each other
that the series will, when the two edges of the breadth have been folded
towards each other, show various patterns on one or both sides of each fold,.
or on the edge or edges of each fold of the material..
The machinery or apparatus which I employ to cause the ornamenting
materials to adhere is a goffering machine, or a crimping machine, or pressing
rollers and guides. The adhesive agent may be gelatine when the lace
or ornamenting materials require it, but some lace and ornamenting materials
only require to be damped by steam or by water. The apparatus which I
employ to form the folds of the material consists of two parallel bars capable
of adjustment towards or from each other; on each of these bars is a plate or
plates standing up vertically, or nearly so, and each of these plates has a
number of thin plates standing out from the side thereof. The first-mentioned

page_text: plates have one or more series of slots in them, which may lie in straight lines
in a diagonal position, or the slots may be of other shape or disposition.
These slots are wide enough to allow one or more pins or wires, or series of
pins or wires, to drop in them; some of these pins or wires are held securely
in a plate or plates, and so hold the material above the slots while it is, being
placed in between the plates. Then the pins or wires are withdrawn, and the
folded and ornamented material is made up, so that it will shew the orna-
mented material on the folded edge or edges, or on one or both sides of the
folded edge or edges thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Crichton, Duncan Crighton,
and William Donbavand at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th November 1866.
We, DAVID CRICHTON, DUNCAN CRIGHTON, and WILLIAM DONBAVAND, of
the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the shuttle binders in the boxes of looms. Instead
of the ordinary rigid swell motion of the shuttle boxes we employ at each end.
of the lathe or batten a curvilinear oscillating pressure apparatus actuated by
the shuttle when it boxes clear of the warp so as to receive, press against, and
travel with the shuttle to assist in checking its progress before meeting the
pickers, and enabling it to have an easy entrance and delivery from the boxes
one to the other when driven by the pickers, thereby considerably reducing
the power required to work the loom and diminishing the wear in the parts
that operate the shuttle action.
The nature of our improvements will be understood by reference to the
Figure and letters drawn and marked on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing,
the said Figure being a plan of one end of the lathe or batten of a loom with
our improvements connected with the shuttle.
a represents one-end-of the race-board of the lathe on which the shuttle works
forwards and backwards; b, the shuttle, which comes against and moves back
the curved oscillating binder c, which binder presses against and travels with

page_text: the shuttle for a certain distance in the boxes; d represents a lever for
working the stop rod; e a spring for the purpose of assisting the shuttle out
of the boxes with the pickers, and bringing the oscillating binder c back to its
place for the return of the shuttle; f, the finger end of the stop rod which
lies under the lathe; g, one of the pickers and picking rods in the end of the
lathe; the other end of the lathe or batten is arranged in a similar manner.
The operation of the motion is as follows:-When the shuttle enters a
box it comes in contact with the oscillating binder c and pushes it back, and
with it the lever d and the stop rod finger f, and continues its motion with a
gradually decreasing force until it comes against the picker 9, which then
operates the return stroke and throws the shuttle b, which is assisted by the
spring e or its equivalent across the race board into the box on the opposite
side of the lathe or batten to repeat a similar operation.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING ALBUMENIZED PAPER, AND THE PROCESS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Skinner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January 1866.
I, JAMES SKINNER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF PREPARING ALBUMENIZED PAPER, AND THE PROCESS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which essentially relates to an improved process to be used
in the preparation of albumenized paper, consists as follows:-
The paper is floated on the albumen taken from the eggs of common
poultry; the albumen may be used either with or without admixture with a
portion of some gelatinous substance, such as arrowroot, tapioca, sago, or any
other similarly suitable substance, and in such proportions as not to injure the
albumen. The paper, after the first part of the process is effected, is then
dried off in a temperature varying from 60° to 90° Fahrenheit, more or less.
The albumenized paper is then rendered insoluble by being put into a case of
metal, wood, or other suitable material, and each sheet is separately suspended
therein, the case being perforated all round. Steam at the requisite tempe-
rature is then admitted into the case in such quantity and for such a length
of time as is sufficient to render the albumen with which the paper is coated
quite insoluble. Some time after being taken from the box or case and being
perfectly dried the paper is again coated with ordinary albumen in the same
manner as in the first instance, and dried in the usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th August
1866.
I, JAMES ALFRED TURNER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
I take any woven fabric, whether of silk, cotton, wool, or other material,
and flock one side of it with wool, silk, eider down, leather dust, or similar
substances, and thus produce a cloth or fabric with two faces, one being the
natural appearance of the woven fabric, and the other a flock cloth or
velvet appearance.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED IN ARCHITECTURAL MOULD- INGS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bathoe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1866.
I, CHARLES BATHOE, of 28, York Place, Portman Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED IN ARCHITECTURAL MOULD-
INGS, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My new or improved composition consists of ordinary putty mixed and
incorporated with plaster of Paris, chalk, or other form of lime; meerschaum,
steatite, or tale, and metallic oxides combined in a powdered state with boiled
linseed oil. This composition is bigbly applicable to the mouldings of picture
frames, and may be employed for many other useful and decorative purposes,
such as for turned balcony and other pillars or columns, and all purposes for
which marble, serpentine, and scagliola have hitherto been used.
I do not limit myself to any particular proportions of putty and other
materials, but I consider a good proportion to be three parts of putty to two
of oxide, and two parts of plaster of Paris, chalk, or other form of lime and
steatite; this last, or meerschaum, or talc, being applied last of all as a polish
or finish, with or without the incorporating or application of color. This
composition will, with subsequent application of silicate of soda, be
and durable, and highly ornamental.
very hard
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR MELTING METALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Albert Muntz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1866.
I, PHILIP ALBERT MUNTZ, of Keresley, near Coventry, in the County
of Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR MELTING METALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements in furnaces for melting
metals herein-after described, which improvements have for their object
the prevention or diminution of the loss by volatilization which ordinarily
takes place when volatile metals or alloys are melted in furnaces of the
ordinary construction, as well as to prevent the exposure of the melted
metal to the direction action of the fire and air. In making the said
furnaces according to my Invention I make the part in which the crucible
or melting pot is placed of a depth only equal to that of the melting pot
to be used in it, or I introduce into the furnace a support of a sufficient
height to raise the mouth of the melting pot or crucible to the level of the
top of the furnace. I make the cover of the furnace with a hole in its
middle of sufficient size to permit the top of the crucible or melting pot to
pass through it. The crucible or melting pot is covered by a cover of its
own. The fire is either made around the melting pot by coke, or it is
introduced from a separate grate by means of a flue. The fire circulates

page_text: around the crucible or melting pot but does not play over its top. By
thus preventing the fire acting on the top of the metal in the melting pot
and covering the melting pot with a cover, the volatilization of the metal
in the melting pot is prevented or largely diminished. Furnaces may be
built according to my Invention of the ordinary depth. In this case I
provide two flues for the passage of the fire from the furnace, the one being
the ordinary flue and the other situated immediately below it. When it
is wished to take the cover from the melting pot I temporarily close the
ordinary flue by means of a damper, and thereby cause the fire to pass
from the furnace by the lower flue; at the same time I place a cover in
the furnace, the said cover having a hole in it through which the top of the
pot passes; the said cover closes the space between the sides of the fur-
nace and the melting pot and thereby excludes the fire from the surface of
the metal in the melting pot when the lid is removed therefrom. My
Invention is especially applicable to furnaces for the melting of zinc and
alloys containing zinc, such as brass, and the alloy of copper and zinc,
called Muntz's metal, but it is also applicable to furnaces for melting metals
generally.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIRTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blair at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March 1866.
I, JOHN BLAIR, of Caledon Mills, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN SHIRTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the description of wearing apparel called shirts,
and is designed to provide a clean wristband to each sleeve when one is soiled
without removing or folding back the soiled one, and without the clean one
requiring attaching at the time.
The improvements consist in attaching a double cuff or wristband to the
sleeves of shirts in such a manner that one part shall extend up the arm when
the other is in use, and when the lower part is soiled the upper part may be
turned over the lower soiled part by doubling or folding the cuff at about the
middle of its length, and the appearance of a clean wristband or cuff is
obtained. The double cuff is made about twice the depth of the single cuff
now used, and is attached to the sleeve somewhat on one side of the centre
of its length, so that the upper portion may be somewhat longer than the
lower, so as to cover it when folded over.
The chief feature of this Invention consists in attaching a double cuff to the
sleeves of shirts, which shall be permanent, and not detached or separated
from the sleeve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES, WHEREBY THE FUEL USED IN SUCH FIRE-PLACES WILL BE MORE READILY IGNITED, AND A MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF SUCH FUEL EFFECTED
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Prideaux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1866.
I, THOMAS PRIDEAUX, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Hotel Keeper,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE-PLACES, WHEREBY THE FUEL USED IN SUCH FIRE-PLACES WILL BE MORE READILY
IGNITED, AND A MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF SUCH FUEL EFFECTED," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in introducing a tube or tubes into the fire-place at
the back, or otherwise, as may seem most convenient, or forming a suitable
opening or suitable openings into such fire-place, through which tube or tubes,
or opening or openings, some combustible gas, or a mixture of such gas and
air is introduced into the fire-place, such gas or gas and air being ignited by
ordinary means when the fire is to be lighted, and causing the fuel which has
been deposited in the grate to become immediately inflamed and in a state of
combustion, and this without the use of wood, paper, or the other light com-
bustible matters usually employed in lighting a fire. By the introduction of
this gas, or gas and air, a very complete combustion of the smoke arising from
the ignited fuel is obtained. The gas or gas and air may either remain con-
stantly burning, or may be turned off from the fire when the latter is properly
lighted, and only again used when a fresh supply of fuel is placed in the

page_text: grate, suitable means being provided of turning on or off or regulating the
supply of the gas or gas and air at pleasure. By this Invention not only will
the nuisance arising from smoke be greatly abated, but the fuel employed will
also be more effectually consumed, leaving little or no dust or ashes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PRINTING PAPER, CALICO, OR OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Lowe and Peter Lowe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
7th December 1866.
We, JESSE LOWE and PETER LOWE, of Over Darwen, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PRINTING PAPER,
CALICO, OR OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the description of printing termed cylinder
printing, and is applicable for printing calico, paperhangings, and other sur-
faces wherein two or more colors are used, and it is designed for the purpose
of effecting a more correct "registration" or coincidence of the patterns or
colors as they are successively applied on such surfaces than has been hitherto
attained in such machine printing, and also for the purpose of regulating the
tension of the calico or paper which conduces to the said purpose.
The improvements consist, first, in an arrangement of mechanism to be
applied to the cylinder over which the fabric passes and to the printing roller,
and so to regulate and adjust their relative speeds thereby as to effect the
proper "registration" and coincidence of the pattern and color.
The apparatus consists of a pair of driving cone drums, each having a worm
on their shafts gearing into a worm wheel, one being employed to drive the
cylinder carrying the fabric and the other to drive the printing cylinder, so
that they may be actuated independently of each other. A handle lever and
guide fork is so connected with the strap on the cone pulleys that the move-

page_text: ment thereof will increase or diminish the speed of either cylinder or roller at
will, so that if between the printings the fabric may have contracted or
expanded, the attendant, by moving the handle, may so speed the roller and
cylinder as to cause the pattern and color duly to coincide with the previous
printing, and the printing roller is also provided with a handle and spring by
which it may be moved laterally for the same purpose.
In order to regulate the tension of the fabric the roll is mounted in bearings,
and as the piece unrolls it passes over a guide roller under a roller mounted
in the ends of two levers, over another guide roller, and on to the cylinder; at
the opposite end of each of these levers is a sliding weight, and the fulcrum
thereof is secured to the framing, so that the rising or falling of the lever
roller (which depends on the looseness or tightness of the fabric) causes a
break attached to the levers to be applied to or removed from the shaft
carrying the roller of fabric, whereby its rotation and the tension of the
piece is regulated and adjusted, the whole being so arranged that it may be
turned out of the way to allow of a new roll being substituted for the one
removed after printing.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1866 -A communication from abroad by Carl Schneichel, of
Burtschied, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING YARN,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in one machine the well-known
elements requisite for preparing slivers and for drawing and spinning yarn
with a view to its receiving the prepared fibre direct from the preparing
machine and delivering it in the form of spun yarn. The advantages
derivable from this Invention are considerable saving of expense in labour,
power, and machinery space. The prepared wool or other fibre is stripped
from the card cylinder of the preparing machine by an endless travelling belt
of wire card clotb, the card surface being divided into narrow bands equal
in number to the sets of drawing rollers contained in the machine. This
belt is carried by three tension rollers, one of which is driven to give motion
to the band, while the others are so arranged as to present the belt to a
number of doffing combs set at different elevations, and working in different
vertical planes, so as to act each upon its respective band and strip off the

page_text: prepared fibre in the form of a sliver, these slivers as they come off the
belt are severally delivered to their respective take-up and drawing rollers, by
which they are drawn out and fitted for spinning. The drawn slivers next
pass through the hollow heads of "stationary" flyers and thence along one
arm of the flyers to the bobbins in the usual way The flyers when set in
motion put the required twist into the wool or other fibre under treatment
and wind the same around the bobbins which receive the ordinary copping
motion for spreading the yarn over the surface of the bobbin.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLES TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murphy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1866.
I, JAMES MURPHY, of Newport, in the County of Monmouthshire, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLES TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
I propose to construct a railway waggon or carriage in suchwise that it
may at small cost be reduced from a larger to a smaller size, in other words,
that being built to serve on a broad guage, it may, by the removal of certain
portions and alteration of position of other parts be easily adapted for service
on the narrow guage. To effect this I make four sills or side pieces instead
of two, securing their ends firmly into the headstocks. The inner sills in
conjunction with the headstocks form an oblong and complete framing, and
are strengthened in position by ties and cross pieces in the usual manner;
the outer sills also in conjunction with the headstocks form a wider oblong,
and I propose to tie them to the inner sills by strengthening pieces between
the outer and inner sills. When the waggon is to be reduced in breadth I
remove the outer sills and portions of the headstocks, and the parts I have
termed inner sills will now form the sides of the narrow guage waggon. The
sides, front, and back of the waggon will be arranged in suchwise that the
portions on the headstocks may be removed at the same time the headstocks
are shortened, and the side doors or rails may fit into the uprights made for

page_text: their reception. In carriages similar means will produce the same result.
The axle boxes and axles will serve again (the latter being shortened), or new
and lighter ones be adapted if preferred. All side material or furniture may
be placed on the inner sills when taken from the outer. No alteration in
length of vehicle is contemplated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELS FOR TRUCKS USED FOR THE TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND MERCHANDIZE ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Sweeting at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1866.
I, RICHARD SWEETING, of No. 1, Maryland Villas, Stratford, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LABELS FOR TRUCKS USED FOR THE TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND MERCHANDIZE ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The mode heretofore commonly practised of labelling trucks containing
goods or merchandize has been to nail a card to the side thereof with the
names and addresses of the persons to whom they are consigned written
thereon in ink, and to write in chalk on the side of the empty truck the place
to which it is to be returned. Now in practise it frequently happens that the
card becomes lost and delay is occasioned in the delivery of the goods and the
return of the trucks.
I propose to remedy these objections by the following means, that is to
say, I form a small box of thin sheet metal with a drawer fitted thereinto,
and in the cover of the said box I fix a piece of stout sheet glass, behind
which I place a sliding tablet formed of porcelain or other suitable material.
Upon one side of this tablet the address of the person or firm to whom
the contents of the trucks are consigned is to be written legibly in pencil, and
upon the other side of the said tablet is written or printed in large characters
the place to which the truck is to be returned when empty, so that upon the
full truck arriving at its destination, and when emptied of its contents, the
railway official has simply to reverse the tablet so as to present the name of

page_text: the place to which the truck is to be returned. By these means one tablet
only is required for every consignee, the pencil writing being each time rubbed
off and a fresh address written thereon. The drawer in the aforesaid box
serves to contain invoices and other papers, and may be secured either by a
lock and key or a pin and chain as may be found most desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROVISION SAFES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1866.
I, WILLIAM WATSON, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROVISION SAFES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in provision safes. For this
purpose I construct a safe in wood or any suitable material in such way
as to cause a current of air to pass up through the bottom of the safe, and
thence out at suitable openings in the top thereof. This I effect in the
following manner :-A framework of wood or other suitable material is formed
provided with doors in the front or other suitable part thereof, the sides being
formed of two sheets of metal placed a short distance apart, the inner sheet
of metal being perforated. The safe when of large size is divided horizon-
tally into two or more parts, and it may also have vertical partitions, which
may be made double, and perforated or not as desired. The bottom and
the horizontal divisions I form in the following manner :-A frame is con-
structed, the bottom of which is covered with finely perforated zinc or other
suitable material, upon which I place a layer of finely crushed animal or
vegetable charcoal or other suitable disinfectant, this I cover with another
frame, which is hinged to the back or sides of the safe, and is provided with
one or more thicknesses of perforated zinc or other suitable material. The
safe at the bottom being provided with a sheet of perforated zinc or other

page_text: suitable material communicating with the sides and interior of the safe allows the
air to enter and pass up through the sides and horizontal divisions of the safe,
and thence out through perforations in the top of the safe. The sides when
formed of thin sheet metal are fastened to the frame at the extreme edges of
the metal, thereby facilitating the passage of a current of air through the safe
by the vibrations of the metal: If desired, pans containing ice or other suitable
cooling material may be placed on the bottom and shelves, or horizontal
partitions of the safe. The shelves or horizontal partitions may be constructed
without the addition of charcoal or other disinfectant, and may be made of
any suitable material, perforated or not as desired. In the case of the shelves
being constructed solid or without perforations, the air would then enter at
the bottom between the two thicknesses of material forming the sides of the
safe into the several parts of the safe, and out at the top thereof as before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING WORTS OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Miller and James Pyle at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
31st January 1866.
We, JOHN MILLER and JAMES PYLE, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Coppersmiths and Brass Founders, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR COOLING WORTS OR OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to the constructing and arranging of apparatus
for cooling worts or other liquids so as whilst presenting a great extent of
efficient cooling surface to be at the same time readily accessible at every
part and easily cleaned.
In one modification embodying the improvements the apparatus com-
prises a trough or casing fitted with a cover which can be turned up on
hinges to give access to the interior. Within the trough there are fitted
a number of hollow partitions, made by preference of thin sheet copper;
they are arranged parallel to each other, and they extend from the bottom
to within a short distance of the top, whilst they are in close contact with
the sides and bottom of the trough. Similar hollow partitions are fitted
upon the under side of the cover, and in such positions thereon as when the
cover is closed to project down between the trough partitions, but not to
quite reach the bottom of the trough. The worts or other liquids to be
cooled traverse in a direction at right angles to the partitions, passing over
and under the trough partitions and cover partitions alternately, whilst the

page_text: cooling water is made to pass through the partitions, entering first those
partitions nearest the end at which the worts pass off, and then passing in
order through the other partitions towards the end at which the worts
enter. There are two streams of cooling water, one passing through the
trough partitions and the other through the cover partitions. The com-
munications from each partition to the next may be arranged in any
convenient way, but it is preferred to make the communicating passages to
enter the partitions vertically both in the cover and in the bottom of the
trough.
The details are susceptible of considerable modification; thus the
cover may be arranged to lift completely off instead of being hinged to the
trough, and the hollow partitions may be either straight in plan or of any
convenient form. In some cases, to increase the cooling efficiency, plates
may be fitted inside the hollow partitions and projecting alternately from
the top and bottom, to cause the cooling water to take an indirect course
through the partitions. It is preferred to form mortices in the sides of the
trough for the ends of the cover partitions to enter when the cover is
closed, and to prevent the worts from passing round the ends of the
partitions instead of going under them. Instead, however, of arranging
the partitions for the worts to pass over and under them as described, they
may be made of the full depth of the trough, but with spaces at each end
alternately to cause the worts to take a horizontal zig-zag course.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Northend, John Holmes,
William Hopkinson, and William Bibby at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th June 1866.
We, JOSEPH NORTHEND and JOHN HOLMES, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Machine and Tool Makers, WILLIAM HOPKINSON, of Bradford aforesaid,
Broker, and WILLIAM BIBBY, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates,, firstly, to means of working or operating the upper
nipping jaw employed in such machinery, and the improvement consists in
having the said top jaw attached to a slidable frame which is operated or
raised and lowered by means of tappets or cams and springs in a similar
manner to that in which the lower jaw is now operated. The said tappets or
cams are fixed on the same shaft as the cams for working the lower jaw, and
are adjustable thereon so as to act at proper times on friction rollers attached
to the slidable frame, which frame is fitted to slide on square parts formed or
fixed on the said cam shaft.
Secondly, this Invention relates to a method of attaching the upper jaw
to the slidable frame and in means of ready adjustment thereof to the bottom
jaw, and consists in having the said top jaw made of a T form, or broad at its

page_text: upper edge, which is planed true at right angles to the direction of motion of
the said jaw, and having cross slots therein to receive T-headed bolts by
which it is fixed to the planed surface of a square bar. This bar has a neck
at each end by which it is supported (and capable of adjustment) in brackets
attached to the slidable frame; they are also capable of yielding to pressure, 5
being slidable in slots of the frame and pressed by springs as heretofore, has
been applied to the top jaw of the nipping apparatus in combing machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING AND STEERING SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1866. A communication from abroad by John Stanworth Martin and
John Frederick Droop, both of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria,
Engineers:
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING AND STEERING SHIPS AND VESSELS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by John Stanworth Martin and John Frederick
Droop, both of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria, Engineers, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to the propelling and steering of
ships and vessels of the principle involved in injecting water into steam boilers
by the aid of what is known as the "injector," viz., the conducting of steam
into a pipe having a tapering discharge end, so that it discharges the steam
with great power into the cold water, which condenses it, and which produces
a vacuum, into which the surrounding water flows, and thus when applied
according to this Invention the steam from an ordinary boiler is made to act
directly on the water, so as to dispense with the use of ordinary propelling

page_text: machinery, such as steam engines, paddles, paddle wheels, screws, or any other
machinery for such purpose.
In carrying out this Invention it is proposed to fix in any convenient part
of the keel or bottom of the vessel, or to attach thereto an apparatus constructed
on the principle before referred to, which is connected to the boiler by a pipe
for the purpose of conducting the steam into such apparatus. The extremity
or discharge point of the apparatus is conducted inside one end of a pipe which
has its other end open to the water in which the vessel floats. Into this
apparatus a stream of water is conducted which is forced out by the action of
the steam jet, and acting against the water in the last-mentioned pipe (and by
it against the water in which the vessel is floating) causes the vessel to be
propelled in an opposite direction; this water may be caused to pass from
either the sides, stem, stern, or any other part of the vessel and through one
or more pipes or tubes conveniently disposed so as to afford facility for steering
or manoeuvring the vessel.
The apparatus may be made of any suitable size, but should be proportionate
to the size of the vessel to be propelled and the capability of the boiler employed
in generating the steam, always allowing ample margin to enable the boiler to
use its maximum power in discharging the water. The apparatus can be
regulated and adjusted and placed under the control of the officer in charge
of the vessel, as well as under the control of the engineer and fireman, provision
being made for varying the size of the steam jet orifice and the position of the
discharge pipe in relation thereto.
There may of course be more than one apparatus in any one vessel, and its
position may be varied as circumstances may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, AND IN THEIR APPLICATION IN APARTMENTS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julia Parris Brown, of the State of Massachusetts,
of the United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BEDSTEADS, AND IN THEIR APPLICATION IN APARTMENTS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Julia Parris Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition and Declaration,
on the 18th November 1866, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that I, JULIA PARRIS BROWN, of the State of Massachusetts, of the
United States of America, have made a new and useful Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, AND IN THEIR APPLICATION IN APARTMENTS," and I do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed or is constructed and made to operate to be fully
described in the following Specification, and represented in the accompanying
Drawing, which denotes a vertical section of a room and a bedstead applied
and made in accordance with my Invention.
In carrying such Invention into effect there is to be formed in the upper
part or in and above the ceiling of an apartment a recess for receiving the
bedstead, such recess being represented at a, and the bedstead at 6 in the said
Drawing. The floor of the apartment A is shown at c; the bedstead is to be
suspended from cords, ropes, or chains d, d, (one at each corner of it) going

page_text: over pulleys e, e, arranged at or in the ceiling or upper part of the apartment,
and to these chains, cords, or ropes counterbalancing weights f, f, are to be
appended; these weights and cords or chains may be arranged so as to run in
channels at or near the corners or other proper parts of the apartment, whereby
the weights and chains or cords may be rendered out of the way of persons
when in the room, or may be either wholly or partially hidden from view.
The lower part or surface of the bedstead may be panelled or ornamented, as
circumstances may require. When it may be desirable to use the bedstead
it may be pulled out of the recess and down upon the floor of the room, but
at other times it may be suffered to remain within the recess. An apartment
may contain one or more of such recesses and bedsteads so arranged in or at
its ceiling; in this way the Invention may be employed to advantage in the
ward of a hospital or other large building for containing many persons, the
bedsteads when not wanted for use being allowed to rise up into and remain
within their respective recesses.
My Invention, therefore, and what I claim as such, consists in an apartment
constructed with a bedstead receiving recess formed in it at its ceiling or upper
part, and having a bedstead applied to such recess by counterbalancing devices,
substantially as and for the purpose as described.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 28th
October 1866.
JULIA PARRIS BROWN. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Applegath at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1866.
I, AUGUSTUS APPLEGATH, of Dartford, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing machines,
and is applicable to printing machines wherein rolls of paper are to be
used; in this class of machines it has been proposed to damp the paper as it
comes from a roll previous to its receiving the impressions, and then to be cut
or separated.
Now this Invention consists in so arranging or combining the mechanismı
as to admit of the cutting or separating the paper as it comes from the
roll before damping and printing, whereby the cutting or dividing damp
is avoided. The paper in its course through the machine is assisted or
supported by means of tapes and rollers such as are ordinarily employed in
printing machines. It is preferred that the "wetting" or damping should be.
by blankets and rollers, but it may be otherwise performed.
paper