Improvements in Apparatus or Appliances for informing Passengers in Railway Carriages as to the Names of Stations on the Line, or for Conveying to them Other Information, applicable also in part to Oonibuses, Tramcars, or like Vehicles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th Jan., 1891--Accepted, 28th Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus or Appliances for informing Passengers
in Railway Carriages as to the Names of Stations on the Line,
or for Conveying to them Other Information, applicable also in
part to Oonibuses, Tramcars, or like Vehicles.
I, JAMES WILSON LITTLE, of Mill Grove, Burgh-by-Sands, Carlisle, in the
County of Cumberland, and of Mepaddi, Malabar, in the Indian Empire, Planter,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The object of my invention is to provide means which can be conveniently
operated either mechanically, electrically or by air pressure or air suction to convey
to passengers in railway trains information, such for instance, that passengers on
entering any compartment in a train or at any part of their journey will be able to
ascertain the name of the next station the train will stop at, and when that station
has been reached, a small bell or gong may be sounded in each compartment to
apprise them of the fact, and so obviate the risk of their getting out at the wrong
station, or the danger of their getting out at a place where no station exists. Also
it may be used to shew when tickets are required at the next stopping-place, and
much delay and confusion will be thereby prevented, and when the next stopping-
place is a junction, that fact may also be indicated and also the names of the principal
places for which changes have to be made there, and much uncertainty, uneasiness
and risk of mistakes be removed.
According to my invention, I provide in each partition between any two compart-
ments in which the indications are to be given a roller or cylinder or endless web
capable of rotation or travelling so as to exhibit successive portions of its periphery
or surface at a slot or opening which may conveniently be in a casing secured to
the partition of the carriage-the words "next station" may be marked on the case
on a line with and preceding the slot or opening, and an indication may read-for
example, next station, Carlisle," the last word being visible through the slot. For
this purpose, the roller cylinder or web is marked with or has displayed round one
end or side of its circumference the names of the stations on the line at which the
train stops, they being in the order in which the stoppages occur.
::
The whole of
the stations stopped at on the up and down journeys may be so marked or displayed,
and they will complete the circle, those for the up-journey being repeated for the
down-journey in reverse order, the name of each terminus appearing only once,
all the others twice in one turn of the circle. Or I may make the roller or
cylinder or web with two circles of names for exhibition in the same compartment,
one being for the up-journey, the other for the down-journey, the names for each
journey completing the circle and I may by means of a slide or shutter partly
covering the slot at which the indications are exhibited, cover the series which
1 prefer,
does not correspond to the journey (up or down) then being made.
when my invention is applied to carriages divided into compartments to make
the roller cylinder or web duplex with the names or markings on the one end, side
or portion of its circumference inserted in position relatively to those on the other
end, side, or portion, and occupying spaces on the circumference somewhat opposite
to those occupied by the same names or markings on the other end, side or portion
and to exhibit one portion in one compartment, and the other portion in the other
compartment so that the same movement changes the indications for both compart-
ments. 1 convey to all the rollers, cylinders or webs throughout the train a simul-
taneous movement through such part of a rotation as may be necessary to exhibit the
information successively and this may be conveniently done, either mechanically,
electrically, or by air pressure or air suction. If it is to be done mechanically, the

page_text: Foller cylinder or roller over which the web passes has a ratchet wheel affixed to one
end of it, it may then be mounted on a horizontal axis, passing through its longitudina
centre. To this axis may be fixed a driving arm carrying a pawl so placed that by a
slight turn of the axis, the pawl acts on the ratchet and communicates the necessary
degree of rotation to the cylinder or roller over which the weh passes. One end
of this axis passes to the outside of the carriage and has there affixed to it a
double-armed lever, the arms of which are of equal length, this lever is provided
with a guiding bar extending along both arms for their whole length. Upon this
guiding bar runs a weight or sliding piece, having a turned-up projection at each
end. By moving this sliding piece to either end the lever is depressed in the same
direction and by its gravity turns the axis and driving arm along with it, the
movement of depression in one direction causes the partial rotation of the ratchet
and consequently that of the roller cylinder or web, and the movement in the opposite
direction turns the axis and driving arm back again through same space and
leaves them ready for the next operation. The ratchet and indicating devices is
prevented from following by a detent suitably placed. The distance of depression
of the lever in either direction is capable of being regulated by screw stops suitably
placed. To move all the sliding pieces simultaneously, a light iron rod passes along
the length of each carriage immediately above the sliding pieces, the rod being sup-
ported on friction wheels carried by standards, but I do not limit myself to this
particular method of supporting the rod, the rod itself may carry wheels or runners
and move in a tube or tunnel, having a slot in its lower side, in any case, the rod may
be capable of being drawn backwards and forwards in the direction of the length
of the carriage. A projection of suitable shape is fixed by binding screws on this
rod, a little to the left or right of the lever in such a way, that by drawing the
rod in that direction, the projection on the rod comes in contact with the sliding
weight and draws the latter to the opposite end of the guiding bar, when it falls by
its own weight out of the reach of the projection on the rod which may pass on
some distance without further effect. On moving the rod back to its former
position, its projection this time comes in contact with the opposite end of the
sliding weight and moves it back on to that arm of the lever it normally rests upon,-
the weight then drops by its own gravity as before, out of the reach of the rod-
projection which passes back again to its old position. The levers along each
carriage are thus simultaneously depressed on either side to the exact degree
required when tilted in either direction, the guiding bar slopes upwards so that
the weight will not move from the end it occupies until acted upon by the
projection on the rod. The rods may conveniently be connected between the
carriages by cords or light chains or in some cases where the longitudinal play
otherwise allowed to the rods is not sufficient to meet the variable lengths of trains
in ascending inclines or rounding sharp curves, spiral springs of sufficient strength
may be conveniently made use of. The line of rods is connected by a cord or
chain with the guard's van, this cord or chain may be passed over a pulley suitably
fixed, and from thence descend to a drum having a wheel with handles or spokes
round its periphery, mounted on the same axis by means of which, or other suitable
appliance, the rods may be drawn in one direction, and the movement in the
opposite direction may be effected by means of a counter-weight attached to the
end of a cord or chain leading from that end of the line of rods and passing over a
pulley suitably placed.
-
Agong or bell may be placed so as to be acted upon by each ratchet, and rung
every time the end of the handle of the hammer passes, each tooth being then
forced into the notch by a spring which has been compressed by the partial turn
just given to the ratchets, or it may be rung by a pin-wheel screwed to the
opposite end of the roller or cylinder, or roller over which the web passes. Such
gong or bell will be sounded when the change in the indications is made, which
may be when the train comes to a stand at each platform where passengers are to
alight.
The names of termini may be painted in large block letters. Those of ordinary

page_text: stations in letters slightly differing in style. Those for junctions in red and
smaller in size to allow room for the names of the places, for which changes have
to be made at them, to be inserted. The names of stations where tickets are
collected or examined may be marked in some other distinctive way in white on a
black ground and the words "all tickets ready or
" tickets
one end and the notice may be supplemented by a double ring on the bell or a
separate bell or gong may be sounded as the train arrives at the place.
::
underneath or at
If the indicating devices are to be operated by electricity-I may cause the
current of electricity to actuate the devices either by attraction or by repulsion.
According to one arrangement I affix a one armed lever to the axis of the roller
and ratchet or operating part of each indicating device or other part which conveys
motion thereto. From a battery or generator of electricity I lead conductors
which are coiled around cores so as to constitute electro-magnets situated one in
proximity to each of the aforesaid levers which themselves contribute or have
connected to or with them armatures capable of being attracted by the electro-
magnets when they are energized. When it is desired to operate the indicating
devices a current of electricity is by means of any suitable circuit closing device
sent through the coils of the electro magnets whereby the armatures are attracted
and the devices are operated to the extent requisite to give the required change of
indication. Adjustable stop screws may be provided to regulate the movement of
the armatures in either direction to the extent required. The lever or armature
or other parts required to do so, may return to their normal position by their own
gravity or under the action of a spring. Under this system the hammer of the
gong or bell may be actuated by the attractive force of the electro magnet. The
conductors are connected together between the carriages in any suitable way which
will give the requisite play and electrical continuity. I do not limit myself to the
precise electrical details hereinbefore described as I may for instance lead the
electric current through the coils of an electro magnetic solenoid the core of which
being suitably attached to the driving arm which in this case can ride loose on the
axis the latter being fixed will give the requisite extent of movement on the coils
being energized by the passage of the current, the driving arm and core may
return to their normal position under the action of a spring or by the gravity of
their parts, the extent of their movement being limited by adjustable stop screws.
Or I may cause the electric current to be led through metal plates so arranged and
connected with each other that relative movement due to repulsion takes place
between them, this movement may be increased in power by placing a condensing plate
in a suitable position and connecting it with earth through the wheels of the
carriage. In any case the movement is caused to act upon the arm carrying the
driving pawl which may in this case also ride loose on its axis or upon a one armed
lever connected with the axis of the indicating device and by that means giving
In this case also the
movement to the driving arm in that case fixed to axis.
driving arm or lever may return to its normal position by its own weight or under
the action of a spring. The current may be derived from secondary batteries
which may be closed by a dynamo driven from the axles of the running wheels of
the train or the batteries may be stored by other means.
When I employ air pressure for operating the devices the necessary supply of
compressed air may be obtained from the same reservoir as that in which the com-
pressed air is stored for operating the brakes, or it may be obtained from a separate
reservoir specially stored for the purpose, or the air may be rarefied for the same
purpose by placing a suitable reservoir in proximity to the furnace of the loco-
motive or in any other convenient situation, or a reservoir for compressed air may
be conveniently placed in the guard's van and stored by a pumping apparatus
actuated by one of its running axles.
From any such reservoir a line of pipes is led along the lengths of the train,
underneath each carriage or otherwise conveniently placed and connected between
the carriage by a flexible coupling of suitable construction and easily detachable.

page_text: From this main pipe a branch pipe is led to each device to be operated, the end of
this branch pipe may in itself form a cylinder suitable for a piston to move in, or
a cylinder of special dimensions may be attached to it, in this cylinder a piston is
placed having its piston rod projecing outwards beyond the end of the cylinder in
the usual way, to this piston rod a driving pawl may be hinged, or the end of
the rod may be shaped merely to act upon an arm or piece carrying a driving
pawl, in any case when the compressed or rarefied air is allowed to flow from any
such reservoir along the pipes the piston is forced outwards, and the movement
causing the driving pawl to act on the ratchet communicates the required move-
ment of partial rotation to the indicating device and in this way each device
throughout the train is simultaneously actuated. The movement in either direction
of the piston rod, driving arm or piece carrying the pawl may be regulated by
stops conveniently placed. The piston and parts acted upon by it which are
required to return to their former position and remain there ready for the next
operation are caused to do so under the action of a spring or springs or the
gravity of their own parts. Normally the line of pipes is by means of a suitable
cock kept in open communication with the outer atmosphere and cut off from
the reservoir. When it is desired to operate the devices a turn of this cock
closes the communication with the atmosphere and at the same time allows the
compressed or rarefied air to escape from the reservoir along the pipes, by
turning the cock in the opposite direction (i.e. moving the handle back to its
normal position) communication with the reservoir is cut off again and the pipes
being again opened to the atmosphere discharge their compressed or rarefied air
and the pressure on the piston is relaxed.
Instead of using compressed air or air rarefied by heat in the manner described,
I may actuate the indicating devices by the suction of air from the pipes leading
to them or by causing in them a partial vacuum. For this purpose the line of
pipes may communicate with the upper end of a cylinder of sufficient size con-
veniently placed in the guard's van or other suitable position, in this cylinder may
be a piston working airtight in it and having a piston rod attached, to the lower
end of which a heavy weight may he appended, normally this piston remains at the
upper end of the cylinder and the weight is supported by suitable means in
proximity to the outside of its opposite end. When it is wished to actuate the
devices this weight is released and by its sudden descent draws down the piston
and creates a partial vacuum in the upper part of the cylinder which is filled by
the air from the pipes and this causes an inward movement of the pistons actuating
the devices. This inward movement may be in opposition to a spring or weight
and the forward or backward movements of the driving pawl may be communi-
cated by the action of either indifferently.
The line of pipes may in this case be conveniently carried over the roofs of the
carriages but do not bind myself to that method of arranging them.
In place of the endless band or the rollers hereinbefore described I may use two
discs having a ratchet wheel of slightly greater diameter placed between them and
the whole rivetted or screwed together. These may be mounted on a horizontal
axis so as to revolve in the same plane or in a plane parallel to that of the partition.
The names of the stations may be painted or otherwise displayed on oblong spaces
commencing some distance from the centre and radiating outwards to their outer
edges, the size of the discs and width of these spaces are such that the names for
the double journey complete the circle, there being one space only for each
terminus on each disc, the apparatus is suitably concealed from view but an opening
is left on each side through which the name of one station only is visible, this name
is thus visible on each side of the partition, i.e., in both compartments. This means
of exhibiting the names is an arrangement well adapted to the pneumatic or electric
system of actuating the devices but it can also be used in connection with the
mechanical system if so desired.
It will be evident that the devices described as being situated in the carriages

page_text: can be applied to omnibuses tramcars and like vehicles for operation (for example
by a handle returnable by a spring) for conveying analogous information to
passengers in such vehicles.
"
Dated this 20th day of March 1800
J. H. JOHNSON & Co..
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus or Appliances for Informing Passengers
in Railway Carriages as to the Names of Stations on the Line,
or for Conveying to them Other Information, applicable also in
part to Omnibuses, Tramcars, or like Vehicles.
1, JAMES WILSON LITTLE, of Mill Grove, Burgh-by-Sands, Carlisle, in the
County of Cumberland, and of Mepaddi, Malabar, in the Indian Empire, Planter,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of my invention is to provide means which can be conveniently
operated either by air pressure, electricity, or mechanically, to convey to passengers
in railway trains information, such for instance, that passengers on entering any
compartiment in a train at any part of its journey may be able to ascertain the name
of the next station the train will stop at, and an arrangement is made so that
when that station is reached a bell or gong may be sounded by the operation of the
indicating apparatus in each compartment to apprise the passengers of the fact,
and so obviate the risk of their getting out at the wrong station or the danger of
their getting out at a place where no station exists. Also the apparatus may be
caused to shew stopping places where tickets are required, whereby much delay and
confusion will be prevented and when the next stopping place is a junction, that fact
may also be indicated together with the names of the principal places for which
changes have to be made there and much uncertainty, uneasiness and risk of
mistakes be avoided.
According to my invention in each partition between any two compartments of a
carriage in which the indications are to be given I provide a suitable opening to
receive an apparatus which may consist of a roller cylinder disc or endless web,
capable of being rotated or otherwise moved so as to exhibit successive portions of
its periphery or surface at a slot or opening which may conveniently be formed in
a case enclosing the apparatus, the case being secured to the partition by hinges
and a lock or in any other suitable way. On this case may be marked in line with
and preceding the slot or opening the words "next station" so that an indication
may read for example, "next station, Carlisle" the last word being on the roller
dise or endless web and visible through the slot in the case. The roller disc or web
is marked with or has displayed thereon the names of all the stations on the line,
at which the train stops they being arranged in the order in which the stoppages
occur. The whole of the stations stopped at on the up and down journeys may be
so marked or displayed on the roller disc or web that they will complete the
circle those for the up journey in reverse order, the names of each terminus being
provided only once, all the others being provided in two places. Or I may divide
the periphery of the roller or cylinder into four equal divisions each divison having
duplicate sets or circles of names for exhibition in the same compartment, one set,
placed round the division at the right hand end of that half of the periphery which
is to the right hand of the spectator being for the up journey, the other set placed
round the left hand division of the same half of the periphery being for the down
journey, the names for each journey completing a circle or set and I may by means
of a slide or shutter in each compartment partly covering the slot through which
the inlications are exhibited, cover the series which does not correspond to the
journey (up or down) at any time being made the said slide being moved by an

page_text: official at the conclusion or commencement of each journey. I prefer when my
invention is applied to carriages divided into compartments, to make the roller
cylinder disc or web duplex with the names or markings on the one end, side.or
portion of its periphery or surface occupy spaces somewhat opposite to those
occupied by the same names or markings on the other end, side or portion, and to
exhibit one portion in one compartment and the other portion in the other compart-
ment so that the same movement changes the indications for both compartments.
The indicating roller disc or web receives an intermittent partial rotation by means
of a pawl and ratchet and all the indicators throughout the train are simultaneously
operated to exhibit the information in each compartment which may be conveniently
effected by air pressure electricity or mechanically as hereinafter described.
The lettering on the indicators of the names of termini should be in large block or
other letters distinctive from those for the names of ordinary stations and those for
junctions should preferably be in red and smaller in size than the others to allow
room for the names of the chief places for which changes are to be made at such
junctions. The names of stations where tickets are collected or examined may be
marked in some other distinctive way for instance in white on a black ground with
the words "all tickets ready" or "tickets" underneath or at one end and the
notice may be supplemented by a double ring on the bell or a separate bell or gong
may be sounded as the train arrives at the stopping place.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed to
describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figures and 2 represent in side elevation and end view respectively, enclosed in
a frame or casing partly broken away, a roller A having its length divided into
two parts abby a slight ridge (to protect the letters) or other mark and assuming
that the apparatus is meant for a train running on a short line of railway
having (including the two termini) eight stations, its circumference is marked
off into fourteen spaces of equal width. In these spaces occupying one end of
the roller are marked the names of the stations in the order in which they
occur on the double journey the two termini only requiring one space each. Round
the other end of the roller the names are marked in a similar way except that
the names of the same stations occupy spaces on the circumference of the roller
somewhat removed from the spaces occupied by them on the other end. When
viewed from either side the words on the right hand end of the roller will read
properly but those on the left hand will appear inverted as shewn at b. This
roller revolves on a horizontal axis e mounted in bearings in the centre of discs
having a slightly greater diameter than the roller which form the ends of the
frame d fitted in an opening provided for it in the partition B and secured by
screws and having hinged thereto on opposite sides of the partition a lid cr
cover constituting a chamber or case in which the roller is enclosed. The
roller A when fitted in position is concealed from view by the case or covers f
which however are hinged as before explained so as to be capable of being opened
to obtain access to the roller when required but are kept closed by a simple
lock which may be opened readily by means of a key and closed by simply pushing
a catch or projection on it into its place where it may be caught and held by a
spring in a well known way. Extending along the right hand half of the length
of this case and having the same width as one of the spaces on the roller is an
opening which may be covered by glass through which one only of the spaces
on the roller having marked on it the name of a station is visible. The roller
is similarly concealed from view in the other compartment the case or
therein having a similar slot or opening through which is exposed a space on the
other end of the roller the names of the stations being marked on this end of the
roller so that whatever name is in view in one compartment is also exposed, at
the same time in the other, and the words appear the right side up in both. A
slight turn of the roller carries this name out of sight in both compartments and
brings that of the next station into view.
cover
To one end of the roller is affixed a ratchet wheel the number of teeth thereon

page_text: corresponding to the number of spaces or stations marked on the circumference
of the roller. The diameter of this wheel is preferably somewhat less than that
of the roller consequently the distances between the teeth will be less than the
width of the name spaces on the roller. But the diameter of ratchet may to suit
certain requirements vary as compared with the diameter of roller and may be the
same as the latter or even greater in some cases.
Fixed or pivoted on the spindle preferably between the ratchet wheel hand
the bearing in one end of the frame d is an arm carrying a hinged driving
pawl which engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel h. By a partial rotation of
the driving arm from left to right the pawl drives the wheel and the roller
to which it is attached, in that direction to bring the name of the next stopping
station into view and when this has been done the driving arm is turned back
through the same space the pawl then sliding over and engaging the next tooth
in the ratchet wheel ready for the next forward movement. To prevent the roller
following the backward movement of the driving arm and driving pawl a detent
hinged to the frame d engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel at another point on
its circumference.
Under certain circumstances modifications in the arrangement described will be
necessary for example some railways have very few stopping places and others
have a great number and this difference will necessitate a change in the size of
the roller or style of indicator.
To render the roller suitable for railways having a great number of stations its
circumference could be divided into somewhat narrower spaces or its diameter to
some extent may be increased but I prefer in this case to employ a roller of double
length or an endless band.
When a roller of double length is employed it is divided longitudinally into
four divisions as shewn in Figure 3 the divisions a a² serving for one compartment
and the divisions serving for the other compartment. A description of the
division a a will suffice to describe the divisions they being counterparts of
each other except for the differences mentioned in describing the way the words are
arranged on the two ends of the roller before described. Round the division a are
marked the names of the stations on the up journey the station of departure being
omitted. Round the division a² the stations for the down journey are similarly
marked, the station of departure on that journey being also omitted. By way of
illustration suppose a train running on a railway having say twenty five stations
and stopping at them all and which I have for simplicity indicated in the drawing
by numerals the division a on the roller will have marked round it stations 2 to 25
inclusive division a will have stations to 24 inclusive. Station 25 onl
division a being in the space on a level with that occupied by 1 in division a².
The opening in the case extends half the length of the roller one half of the
said opening being covered by a movable slide so as to expose only one space at
a time. Thus while the up run is being made there only appears an opening
extending the length of division a. At the end of the run the slide is passed over
that division and exposes a like space on division a². A. turn is then given to the
apparatus from the guard's van and the indicators throughout the train will read
"Next Station 24 and that is the first that will be stopped at on the return
journey. The same is done at the other terminus and the indicators will read
"Next Station 2." Of course it is to be understood that in practice the names
of stations take the place of the numerals. Divisions and 2 on the roller shows
the same stations at the same time in the other compartment but at each terminus
the official who changes the slide has to enter every compartment in the train for
that purpose.
There may be a simple means of locking the slide in either position
to prevent its being moved by unauthorized persons." By using a roller of this
description on a railway having but few stations the place occupied by this
indicator would scarcely be distinguished from the rest of the partition except by
the words marked on it.
When an endless band indicator is employed the band is of strong linen

page_text: "
interwoven with brass or otherwise to prevent stretching or of other suitable material
and construction and the roller on which it is suspended as shewn in Figures 4
and 5 is rotated by a ratchet wheel fixed to one end of it and driving pawl as in
the previously described arrangements the band A being provided along its middle
with metal eyelets engaging projections round the middle of the roller so that
when the roller A is rotated it will carry the band with it, the ends of the roller
may also have flanges if desirable to further prevent any lateral movement of the
band to either side. Suspended in the lower loop or bight of the band is a
weight for the purpose of keeping the band taut. The roller weight has a
flange at each end to keep it in position in the band and is also provided with
pivots or projections at each end entering vertical slots suitably situated to
receive them so as to prevent any lateral movement. s are rollers suitably placed
to keep the rising and falling sides of the band within a convenient distance of
each other so that the case concealing it may not materially alter the appearance
of the partition at the place where it is fitted. The length of the band will
depend upon the number of stations it is required to indicate. The whole of
the band except to the extent of a space occupied by the name of a station may be
concealed from view in each compartment by a suitable casing or cover.
The
names of the stations are marked on the band in a similar way to that mentioned
in describing the roller with two divisions (one for each compartment) and they
must of course be so placed that the same name will be visible at the same time in
each compartment. Like the two divisional rollers hereinbefore described it requires no
alteration or attention of any kind at either terminus but goes on continuously day after
day. If at any time it is desired not to stop at one of the stations marked on each side
of the band or roller as for instance when the station is a small one and the train only
stops there on certain days a double movement of the actuating device is made
instead of a single one as the train draws up at the previous station. Figures 6
and 7 are respectively a front elevation and an edge view of a disc indicator con-
sisting of two discs A A², connected together with a ratchet wheel between them
the whole being carried on an axis a mounted in suitable bearings in an opening
provided in the partition between two compartments of a carriage and rotatable in
a plane closely parallel to that of the partition. The faces of these two discs are
marked (on oblong rectangular spaces radiating from the centre) with the names of
the stations as described with reference to the roller indicator with two divisions
one of the said discs facing one compartment and the other disc the other com-
partment. The faces of each of these discs is covered by a plate or casing having
an opening through which only one name is visible at a time each name being
brought successively opposite the opening as the discs are rotated which rotation is
effected by a pawl engaging the ratchet wheel as hereinafter described a detent
being also provided to prevent the rotation of the disc in the wrong direction.
I will now describe means for operating the whole of the indicators throughout
the train from the guard's van it being obvious that they may be operated from
any other part of the train if desired.
When I employ compressed air for operating the indicating devices I prefer on
trains using brakes worked by compressed air that the necessary supply of
compressed air for the devices be obtained from the reservoir in which compressed
air is stored for operating the brakes or a separate reservoir may be placed in
connection with the pump cylinder and stored by its action and kept specially for
operating the devices a gauge being attached to show when the pressure has become
high enough when communication between it and the pump cylinder could be cut
off by a cock placed in a pipe leading from one to the other. The compressed air
may be obtained from a separate reservoir specially charged for the purpose by a
pump operated by one of the running axles for instance, as illustrated in Figures 8
and 8, a compressed air reservoir u conveniently placed in the guard's van or other
suitable part of a train and charged by a pumping apparatus actuated by one of
the running axles, the air entering the reservoir by the pipe v provided with a
suitable non return valve. u², Figure 8ª, is the pump for compressing air into the

page_text: reservoir u and is operated from one of the running axles of the vehicle by means
of a strap passing round fast and loose pulleys and on an axle mounted
in suitable bearings inside the vehicle. On the axle u is a crank disc u' connected
by a rod u to the piston rod n of the pump . Air is admitted to the pump cylinder
at the passage 10 (fitted with an inwardly opening valve) and is forced through the
outlet passage u" and pipe into the reservor v. In the lower part of the
reservoir is a passage " communicating with a cylinder in which works a
piston against the back of which bears a spring of sufficient strength to
maintain the piston in position against the passage so long as the pressure in the
reservoir does not exceed the strength of the spring which may mean a certain
pressure per square inch. To the piston rod 15 of this piston u¹³ is attached a strap
shifter which piston when the pressure in the reservoir exceeds the power of the
spring will be forced along the cylinder and the piston rod moves outwards and
in so doing move the strap from the fast pulley u onto the loose pulley and thus
stop the action of the pump. The strap shifter is made to act on both sides of the
belt so as to be capable of moving it whichever side is advancing. So soon as the
pressure in the reservoir is reduced the spring will force the piston back to
the head of the cylinder and the strap shifter moving back with it carries the
strap onto the fast pulley again and starts the pump. The action of the pump is
thus automatically controlled by the pressure of air in the reservoir which pressure
is always maintained sufficient to operate the whole of the indicators throughout the
train.
The piston rod 1 is provided with a hinged lever 2 which as the piston moves
inwards and compresses the spring is held rigid by bearing against a projection ³
on the piston rod but is movable on its centre when the piston moves in the reverse
direction. This hinged lever carries a friction roller on its free end which as the
piston moves inwards travels along a hinged piece r forced up by a spring so as
to present an inclined plane for the lever to travel on. As the piston moves inwards
this lever has to overcome the pressure of the spring. The piece however
offers no opposition to the return motion of the piston as the lever turns on its
hinge pin and slides along the piece .. By this arrangement a good reserve of
pressure may be maintained in the reservoir without throwing the pump in and
out of action at each operation of the indicators which pump may continue working
until the pressure in the cylinder u is sufficient to overcome the pressure of both
springs and 23. The pump is kept out of action until the pressure in the
cylinder has fallen so low as not to be sufficient to keep the spring a compressed-
and yet admit of several operations before the pump commences to work.
21
A device for compressing air, to be used for operating the indicators in short
trains, may consist of a cylinder arranged in a vertical position and communicating
at its lower end with the pipe w leading to the cylinders of the indicators the upper
end of the cylinder communicating by suitable passages with the atmosphere. In
this cylinder is fitted to slide a piston the rod thereof being provided with rack
teeth to gear with a pinion which may be rotated by a hand wheel to raise the
piston in the cylinder above the air inlets. The piston is then retained in its
elevated position by means of a spring lever engaging the piston rod or a weight
attached to the upper end thereof. When this lever is disengaged from the piston
rod or weight the piston will be caused by the weight to descend in the cylinder
and compress and force the air contained therein into the pipe to leading to the
indicators so as to operate the said indicators as hereinbefore described. The
pipe w is provided with a suitable cock for opening and closing the communication
between the compressing cylinder and the indicators or between the indicators and
the atmosphere as required.
From any such reservoir u whether the brake reservoir or one specially stored a
line of pipes w is led along the length of the train preferably underneath each
carriage and connected between the carriages by flexible couplings of any suitable
or well known construction. From this main pipe a branch pipe is led to each
D

page_text: indicating device throughout the train. In Figure 8 1 have illustrated an indicator
of the disc type but it is obvious that the same driving arrangement is equally
applicable to other forms of indicators. The end of the branch pipe æ may in itself
fornia cylinder suitable for a piston to move in or it may be connected to a
cylinder of suitable dimensions. In this cylinder is a piston the rod 1 of which
passes through the cylinder cover and to this piston rod is hinged a driving pawl &
to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel h. The main pipe is provided with a
three way cock 3 which, when the indications are to be changed is turned by the
guard or attendant from its normal position shewn in the drawing, into the position
to allow air from the reservoir to flow along the main pipe w and branch pipe into
the cylinder whereby the piston is forced upwards, this upward movement
causing the driving pawl to impart the required movement of partial rotation to
the indicating device A and in this way each device throughout the train is
simultaneously actuated. The extent of movement of the pawlk and piston rod 1
may be regulated by screws stops 4 conveniently placed. The three way cock 3
after the indicators have been moved is returned to its normal position to close
communication between the reservoir u and pipes and open the communication
between the pipes and the atmosphere thereby allowing the compressed air in the
cylinder y to escape whereupon the piston and pawl & will be returned to their
normal position and remain there ready for the next operation. The piston may be
separate or detached from the arm as shown in Figure 8" the pawl & being carried
on the arm which is pivoted on the axle e carrying the ratchet wheel hand on
the outer end of this arm is a weight which when the pressure is removed from
the cylinder y presses the arm downwards onto a stop 4 and causes the detent & 10
engage the next tooth of the ratchet wheel h. The piston in this case serves only
to raise the arm i so as to turn the indicator. A detent is provided see Figure 8
which engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel to prevent it moving in the back-
ward direction. To this detent is connected the striker 7 of
gong or bell 8 so
that when the indicator is turned by the pawl & the detent rides over the inclined
face of a tooth of the ratchet wheel and compresses a spring 2 which is released as
the detent passes the point of the tooth thereby causing the striker 7 to sound the
bell thus audibly announcing the arrival of the train at that station the name of
which has remained in view on the indicators since the last stoppage. For instance
suppose a train running from Silloth to Carlisle. Anyone entering it at say
Kirkbride would see on the indicator in the partition of the compartment the words
Next Station Drumburgh; he will also see that the word Drumburgh being in
red letters is a junction and that changes are made there for Port Carlisle which,
if he is a stranger in the district and wishes to go to Port Carlisle, will be useful
information to him. The indication will remain the same till the train is drawing
up at Drumburgh Station when the bell will ring and warn him that he must get
out when the train has come to a stand if either Drumsburgh itself or Port
Carlisle is his destination. As the bell rings the indications change and the stranger
entering there or who has travelled some distance sees that the next station is
Burgh. This name also remains on view till Burgh is reached when the bell sounds
as before for the information of any strange passenger who may be travelling to
that place. At the same time the indications change to next station Kirkandrews
and this being the last small station before the terminus the indication would show
by the color of the letters or in a more direct way that tickets would be required
there if such was the case as it often and as the train was coming to a stand at
Kirkandrews Station a "ticket bell might also be sounded. This bell could be
placed above the other end of the roller-the handle of the striker being placed
against a spring so that a pin or projection at a certain point in that end of the
roller would come in contact with it as the movement of partial rotation of the
roller at that station took place. The handle would be moved by the pin to compress
the spring till the pin had passed too far to hold the handle when the spring would
be released and the ticket gong be struck. Another pin at another point in the
::

page_text: roller could be made to ring the ticket bell at the collecting station before reaching
the other terminus. A double ring on the ordinary bell could be caused by dividing
any tooth of the ratchet by another notch into two parts.
Should tickets be collected at a special stopping place for the purpose, a space
on the roller and a tooth on the ratchet could be devoted to it and the words on
the indicators would read "Next Station For tickets only."
The three last
words being of course on the space on the roller devoted to the purpose.
Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12 illustrate arrangements for actuating the indicating
devices by atmospheric pressure operating by reason of the exhaustion of air
from the train pipes leading to the several indicators.
. as
Referring to Figure 9 a is a cylinder fitted in the guards van and open at
the lower end to the atmosphere. In this cylinder is a piston the rod 14
thereof extending below the lower end of the cylinder and provided with a
weight 5*. Fitted to rise and fall in guides in the frame 9 which supports the
the cylinder is a rack 10 with which gears a pinion 11 the axle of which is
mounted on bearings on the frame 9 and provided with a handle or hand wheel 12
by means of which the pinion is turned to raise the rack 10 and with it the
weight 5 and piston *. When the piston is raised to its full height in the
cylinder it is retained in its elevated position by a projection 13 on a spring
lever 15 engaging beneath the weight 5. The hand wheel 12 having been released
the rack 10 will descend by gravity to its lowest position leaving the piston in
its raised position. The upper end of the cylinder u is connected to the main
pipe which extends along the train and communicates by branch pipes
before described with the upper ends of the several indicator cylinders y (Figure 10)
which are open to the atmosphere at their lower ends and each containing a
piston the rod 1 thereof carrying a pawl k gearing with the ratchet wheel on
the indicator. When it is required to rotate the indicator a three way cock 3 in
the pipe is turned from its normal position shown, into position to open a com-
munication with the pipe and the cylinder u and then the lever 15 Figure 9 is
disengaged from the weight 5 which will then descend and carry with it the
piston to the lower end of the cylinder thereby creating a partial vacuum in the
main pipe w and indicator cylinders whereupon the piston will be forced up by
the pressure of the atmosphere and transmit through the pawls the necessary
motion to the indicators. The cock 3 is then returned to its normal position so as
to open communication between the pipe and the atmosphere after which the
piston is raised by the rack and pinion as hereinbefore described and retained in
The
its elevated position by the lever 15 in readiness for the next operation.
piston of the indicators may be normally maintained in the lower ends of their
cylinders by weights 16 as shown in Figure 10 or by springs as in the compressed
air arrangement hereinbefore described. As a modification, suitable for short trains,
instead of the weight 5 for drawing the piston down the piston rod may be
provided with rack teeth as shown in Figure 11 with which the pinion 11 gears so
that by means of the hand wheel 12 the piston may be drawn down and raised again
in each operation.
On trains using vacuum brakes instead of using the above appliances for creating
a vacuum prefer to connect the pipes with the vacuum chamber or pipes in
connection therewith or a special chamber may have the air exhausted from it for
the purpose by the same pump or ejector that is used for creating the vacuum for
the brakes, and the pipes we be connected with it and provided with a three way
cock for the purpose of opening and closing communication between the two and
for opening or closing communication between pipe wand the outer atmosphere at
the same time. The pipes may be arranged along the roofs of the carriages but
It is preferable to
I do not restrict myself to any particular arrangement thereof.
have them below for ease in coupling.
Figure 12 shows the piston of the indicator connected by a flexible connection
to a lever arm i mounted on the axis of indicator which arm carries the pawl k
engaging the teeth of the ratchet wheel and to this arm is suspended the weight 16

page_text: which when the vacuum is destroyed in the cylinder
draws the piston
and the
arm down into their normal positions. 4 are stops to govern the movement of the
piston = and arm i.
When I employ electricity for operating the indicating devices I may cause the
current of electricity to act either by means of electro magnetic solenoids or electro
magnets.
According to one arrangement as illustrated in Figures 13 and 14 I affix a lever
or arm to the axis of the indicator (which in this figure is represented as a roller)
which arm carries the pawl k gearing with the ratchet wheel and is provided
with an extension or projection 19 to which an armature 20 is affixed but suit-
ably insulated therefrom. The projection 19 may also carry the striker or
hammer 7 of the gong or bell 8. From a battery or generator of electricity
situated in the guards van or other suitable part of the train I lead conductors
which are coiled round cores so as to constitute electro magnets 21 situated on
insulating supports in proximity to each of the aforesaid levers of all of the indi-
cators so as to be capable when they are energized of attracting the armatures 20.
When it is desired to operate the indicating devices a current of electricity is
by means of any suitable circuit closing device sent through the coils of the
electro magnets 21 whereby the armatures 20 are attracted thereby causing the
pawl on the arm i to turn the indicator to the extent requisite to give the required
change of indication and at the same time to cause the striker 7 to sound the bell.
To obtain greater attraction and at the same time admit of this motion of the lever
arm the end of the cores of the electro magnets may be recessed as shown at 22
to receive the armature 20 the ends of which are shaped to enter the recesses.
Adjustable stop screws + are provided to regulate the movement of the armatures
away from the magnets. The lever or armature and parts connected therewith
may return to their normal position by their own gravity or under the action of a
spring as at 23. The electric conductors are connected together between the
carriages in any suitable or known way which will give the requisite play and
electrical continuity.
Figures 15 and 16 are views similar to those last described, illustrating a modi-
fication in the arrangement. According to this modification the armature 20 is
separate from the lever i which carries the actuating pawl and both are fixed
on the axle on which the roller A is loosely mounted so that when the electro
magnet is excited the armature is attracted and imparts a partial rotation to the
axle and through the arm fixed to the axle and pawl k turns the roller A to the
required extent. When the current is cut out of the magnet the armature 20 and
lever arm will return by gravity or by the action of a spring to their normal
positions in which position the armature rests against a stop 4. The roller A is
prevented by a detent / from moving back with the arm i.
Figures 17 and 18 are views at right angles to each other of an arrangement for
operating the indicator by a solenoid 21 fixed in any suitable manner on insulating
supports in proximity to the indicators. The core 20 of this solenoid is attached
at its lower end by a silk cord 24 to the driving arm which in this case can be
loose on the axis of the indicator. The core 20 is also connected at its upper end
to a silk cord passing over a pulley 25 and carrying a weight 26 to assist the
movement of the core when it is attracted by the coil 21 being energized by the
passage of the current. The driving arm and core may be returned to their normal
positions by a weight attached to the armi as shewn or by the action of a spring
or by the gravity of their parts, the extent of their movement being limited by
adjustable stops 4.
Figure 19 shows the application of the solenoid to the double disc indicator A.
The core 20 of the solenoid is connected by the silk cord 24 to a lever i and there
may be a duplicate of the lever i on the other side of the double discs and the two
levers may be connected by a block or piece of suitable thickness into which may
be received the driving pawl k which gears with the ratchet wheel fixed between
the two discs. The lever is mounted loosely on the axle of the indicator and

page_text: carries a weight 16 by which the lever i and core 20 are returned to their normal
position when the current is cut off stops 4 being provided to limit their movement
each way.
The current for energizing the coils may be derived from a battery
placed in the guards van or other suitable place.
I will now describe mechanical means (suitable for use on short trains) for
operating the indicators, one arrangement of which is illustrated in Figures 20,
21 and 22 as applied to the roller type of indicator. The axis of the roller A
passes to the outside of the carriage where it is supported in bearings 24 and has
there affixed to it a double armed lever 25 the arms of which are of equal length
and the end of each arm is bent upwards as shown at 26 Figure 21. This lever is
provided with a guiding bar 27 extending between and connecting the upturned
ends 26 of the lever 25. This guiding bar 27 carries a weight or sliding piece 28
having attached thereto a plate 29 provided at its opposite ends with a projection 30
carrying friction rollers 31, 32 to ensure ease and certainty in working. By moving
the sliding piece 28 to either end of the guiding bar 27 that end of the lever 25 is
depressed and turns the axis c of the roller A and the driving arm which in this
case is fixed to the axis along with it, the movement thereof in one direction
causing the pawl k as hereinbefore described to impart a partial rotation to the
ratchet wheel and consequently to the roller A, the movement in the opposite
direction turning the axis e back again through the same space bringing the pawl k
into position to gear with the next tooth of the ratchet wheel ready for the next
operation. Or the double armed lever 25 may itself carry the pawl & the said lever
being then mounted loose on the spindle C, the ratchet and roller being fixed to the
spindle.
The ratchet wheel and indicating roller A. are prevented from following the
return motion of the driving arm i by a detent 1. The distance of depression of
the lever in either direction is capable of being regulated by screw stops 4 placed
in the line of motion of the ends of the lever as shewn. To enable all the sliding
weights 28 in the several sets of apparatus, fitted to a train of carriages, to be
moved simultaneously, a light iron rod 33 (see Figure 22) passes along the length
of cach carriage immediately above the turned up projections of the sliding
weights 28 the rods being connected by chains or cords 34 between the carriages
and may be supported on friction wheels 35 carried by standards 36 as shewn in
Figure 22 but do not limit myself to this particular method of supporting the
rod and prefer that the rod itself or pieces connected with it should carry wheels
or runners as shewn in Figures 20, 21 and 23 to run on rails or guides 36 in a
tunnel 37. In any case the rod is capable of being drawn backwards and forwards
in the direction of the length of the carriage. A projection 38 is provided on each
of the rods 33 which projection 38 may carry the wheels 35 so that by moving
the rods longitudinally in one direction the projections 38 on the rods come in
contact with the roller 32 carried by the plate 29 and draw the latter with the
weights 28 along the bars 27 past the centre of oscillation of the levers 25
whereupon they fall by their own weight out of the reach of the projection 38
which may pass on some distance without further effect. On moving the rods
back to their former position the projection 38 this time comes into contact with
the rollers 31 upon the opposite end of the plate 29 which is now tilted up
within reach of it and moves the weight back to the opposite side of the centre of
oscillation of the lever 25 whereupon the weight 28 drops by its own gravity as
before out of the reach of the projection 38 which passes back again to its old
position. The levers 25 on each carriage are thus simultaneously depressed on
either side of their fulcrums to the exact degree required. When tilted in either
direction the guiding bars 27 slope upward so that the weight will not move from
the ends they occupy until acted upon by the projections 38 on the rods. The line
of rods 33 is connected as shewn in Figure 22 to a chain 39 which is passed over a
fixed pulley 40 and from thence descends and is attached to a drum 41 in the
guard's van or in any other convenient position in the train, the axis of the drum
having a wheel 42 with handles or spokes round its periphery by means of which

page_text: the drum may be rotated to wind the chain thereon and thereby draw the rods in
one direction. The movement of the rods in the opposite direction may be effected
by means of removeable counterweights 43 free to rise and fall in a case or well 44,
and attached to the opposite end of the series of rods 33 by a chain 45 leading
from that end of the line of rods and passing over a pulley 46.
Where necessary a
counterweight and operating wheel may be provided at both ends of the train, the
line of rods being connected to the operating wheel at the front end of the train
and to the counterweight at the rear end of the train or vice versa according as it is
desired to work the apparatus from the front or rear respectively. The operating
wheel 42 may be used for retaining the line of rods in the position to which it has
been drawn against the pull of the counterweight or the wheel may be locked in
position by a detent which is released when desired to permit the counterweight to
move the rods to operate the levers as described. In any case it is necessary that
the end of the line of rods which is to be secured (one end must be free) when the
apparatus is out of action should be chosen so that any lengthening of the train
caused by the stretching of the draw bars should cause the lever 25 to move further
away from the projections 38 .e. to move in the same direction as that in which
the projections will themselves move when next the apparatus is operated. By
this means it is ensured that the lengthening of the train shall not accidentally set
the apparatus in action. To allow sufficient range of motion of the projections 38
and levers 25 relatively to one another 1 may provide one double armed lever
having a heavier sliding weight to give more power, and driving apparatus
operating directly only one indicator upon each carriage and working therefrom
the other indicators required on the same carriage by any convenient arrangement
of gearing as will be readily understood on trains which run on steep inclines and
are liable to lengthen out a great deal from time to time this method is preferable,
the projections or pieces 38 moving in the tunnel to tilt the sliding weight carrying
the wheels or runners and being simply connected by cords or chains the rod being
dispensed with.
The form of the double armed levers 25 may be modified to suit special circum-
stances for instance where the ratchet wheel on the indicator is so proportioned
that the oscillation of the double armed lever 25 is extremely small 1 raise or curve
the middle portion of the guiding bar 27 upon which the sliding weight 28 runs as
shown in Figure 24 so that it may have a decided inclination suflicient to retain
the sliding weight at that end of the guiding bar to which it may have been
pushed. Or instead of mounting on the axis of the indicator the double armed
lever 25 carrying the guiding bar 27 and weight 28 I mount it on a centre above
the said axis as shewn in Figure 25 and place on the axis of the indicator another
double armed lever 47 which is so proportioned and arranged as to allow the
lever 25 and guiding bar 27 to be considerably inclined but which communicate
only a small inclination to the lever 47 thereby imparting only slight rotation to
the indicator. In any case the distance of the guiding bar from the lever may be
varied to suit rolling stock of different heights it being desirable that the guiding
bars throughout a train shall all be approximately at the same height from rail
level. In the arrangement of one lever to each carriage it is of less importance.
When the indicating devices are applied to omnibusses tramcars and the like the
driving arm carrying the driving pawl is centered on the same axis as the
indicator roller cylinder or disc and is preferably made long enough to project
through the end or side of the vehicle near where the conductor stands and may be
provided with a handle to operate the indicator a spring or weight being provided
to return the handle to its normal position after operating the indicator. The
movement of the handle in cach direction is limited by screw stops and a bell is
caused to ring by a detent as hereinbefore described. Or the indicator may be
operated by means of a cord or chain connected at one end to the arm the other
end being conveniently placed within reach of either the conductor or the driver so
that he can by pulling the cord or the like operate the indicator.
Instead of a rigid metal cylinder (as y) and piston (=) for operating the indicator

page_text: as hereinbefore described a flexible diaphragm in a suitable chamber and connected
to the arm i may be employed or when compressed air is employed an expanding
chamber may be used into which chamber the compressed air is admitted or when
atmospheric pressure is employed a collapsible chamber may be used from which
the air is to be exhausted for the purpose of turning the indicator the chamber in
either case being connected to or caused to operate on the arm carrying the
driving pawlk. The chamber may be enclosed on a metal cage or casing to bear
the most of the pressure after a certain extent of expansion sufficient to work the
indicators has been reached.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is-
1. In apparatus for the purpose hereinbefore described a roller divided longi-
tudinally into four divisions bearing the names of the stations, and other analogous
information and arranged so as to give the same information simultaneously in two
adjacent compartments of a carriage in combination with a sliding shutter or sliding
shutters for covering parts of the roller as required substantially as and for the
purpose herein before described.
2. In apparatus for the purpose hereinbefore described the method of suspending
on a roller an endless band bearing the names of the stations and other information
the said roller being provided with projections to engage with perforations or eyelets
in the band in combination with other means for keeping it in proper position
and imparting intermittent partial rotation to the roller substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. In apparatus for the purpose hereinbefore described two discs connected
together back to back with a ratchet wheel intervening the discs bearing on their
faces rectangular spaces radiating from the centre the names of the stations and
analogous information so arranged as to give similar information simultaneously in
two compartments of a carriage in combination with means for rotating the discs
substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. The combination with indicating devices in railway trains of means for
operating them by compressed air obtained from the reservoir stored for the brakes
substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. The combination with indicating devices in railway trains of means for
operating them by atmospheric pressure obtained by using part of the vacuum
created for working the brakes substantially as hereinbefore described.
6. The combination in a railway train of a station indicator or station indicators
operated by compressed air from a reservoir in which the air is compressed by a
pump worked from one of the running axles and means for automatically putting
the pump into and out of action by the variations in the pressure of the air in the
reservoir substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 8 and 8^
of the accompanying drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting apparatus for operating
station indicators in railway carriages by means of compressed air as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in Figures 8 and 84 and Figure 8 of the accompanying
drawings.
8. The combinations and arrangements of parts constituting apparatus for
operating station indicators in railway carriages by means of atmospheric pressure
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the
accompanying drawings.
9. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting apparatus for operating
station indicators in railway carriages by means of electricity substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated respectively in Figures 13 and 14, Figures 15
and 16, Figures 17 and 18 and Figure 19 of the accompanying drawings.
10. In apparatus for the purpose hereinbefore described a drum or drums at one
end and counterweights at the other end or in any suitable parts of a railway train

page_text: for giving motion by means of chains or their equivalent to a series of rods having
projections to engage and give motion to travelling weights so as to oscillate double
armed levers for imparting motion of partial rotation to station indicators substan-
tially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 20, 21
and 22 of the accompanying drawings.
11. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting means for indicating
in railway trains the names of railway stations and analogous information substan-
tially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 20, 21
and 22 or the modifications of parts thereof as illustrated by Figures 24 and 25 of
the accompanying drawings.
12. In indicating devices for the purpose herein before described means for
indicating visibly and audibly junctions and stations where tickets are collected
substantially as hereinbefore described.
13. For omnibusses tramcars and other vehicles a device such as hereinbefore
described operated by the conductor or driver for indicating to passengers when
the principal stopping places are reached substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 20th day of January 1891.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.