An Improved Clinometer.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Clinometer.
I, WILLIAM WILSON HORN, of the firm of Horn & Son, of 151, Strand, London,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, (a communication to me from abroad
by William Brown Melick, and Andrew Leslie, both of St. Louis, Mexico, United
States of America, Gentlemen,) do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:
This my invention relates to an improved clinometer, and it consists of the
parts hereinafter described.
A wooden or other case, consisting preferably of a square or other piece of
wood has a circular recess with steps, formed in its face, and which recess is
suitably lined with metal or other suitable material. A bar stretches diagonally.
across the circular recess at the top, and has formed midway its length, a bearing,
corresponding to a similar bearing arranged centrally in the bottom of the recess.
In combination with this bar, is a spring-plate having a push-knob. An arbor is
mounted between the bearings aforesaid which carries an eccentrically-weighted
circular plate upon which is an inclination-scale and a grading-scale; the figures
thereon being indicated by suitable pointers.
Dated this
day of March 1890
HORN & SON,
Applicant's Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Clinometer.
1, WILLIAM WILSON HORN, of the firm of Horn & Son, of 151 Strand,
London, Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
(a communication to be from abroad, by William Brown Melick and Andrew Leslie,
both of St. Louis, Mexico, U.S.A., Gentlemen), and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This my invention relates to a certain new and useful improvement in
clinometers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference
being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this Specification.
Figure I is a front view. Figure II is a longitudinal vertical section at II II,
Figure 1. Figure III is an oblique transverse section at III III, Figure I.
Figure IV is an enlarged detail section at IV IV, Figure III. Figure V is a
detail section at V V, Figure 1. Figure VI is an axial section showing the
instrument made with a face upon each side.
My invention consists in features of novelty hereinafter described, and pointed
out in the claims.
I will first describe the device as shown in Figures I to V, inclusive.
The case or box may properly be made of a square block 1, of wood, with a
circular recess 2 made in the front side of the same. This recess is made with
annular steps or grooves 3 and 4, and is shown lined with metal 5.
6 is a cross-bar stretched diagonally across the recess and fastened at both ends.
7 is a glass face over the cross-bar, held in place by a ring or bezel 8.
9 is a spring-plate underneath the cross-bar, to which is attached one of the
arbor-bearings 10, said bearing having a conical recess to receive a conical end
Price 8d1

page_text: of the arbor 11. The arbor-bearing 10 has a cylindrical end having free
bearing in a hole made through the middle of the cross-bar, so as to give the bearing
steady support. The other conical end of the arbor turns in a bearing 12, secured
in the case at the rear side of the recess. To the arbor is fastened the weighted
arm or pendulum 13, to which is attached the circular scale plate or disc 14, whose
periphery is concentric with the arbor.
15 is a curved bar serving to stiffen the scale plate or disc, which is soldered or
otherwise fastened to the arbor and pendulum. The scale plate or disc has an
inclination-scale 16 extending half a circle or one hundred and eighty degrees,
being marked "zero at its centre and running to ninety degrees in each
direction.
"
17 are pointers set opposite to the middle of each side 18 of the case, so that
when the sides are vertical and horizontal there is always a point at zero, and any
deviation from this in a vertical plane is indicated in degrees on the scale 16.
The grading-scale 19 is so divided as to indicate the rise in a given horizontal
distance. Thus the inclination may be at all times read, either in degrees or as to
inclination of grade.
One end of the spring-plate 9 is in a recess 20 beneath the ring-8, and upon this
free end of the spring-plate is attached a knob 21, by which the free end of the
spring-plate may be pressed inward to bind the arbor 11 in its bearings to a slight
degree, so as to check the oscillation of the pendulum and bring it to rest more
speedily.
It will be seen that the use of the four pointers just ninety degrees from each
other enables the use of either side of the instrument either as a level or as a plumb,
and also one or more of the pointers will always-be-in-a-proper position-for-
observation-whatever the position of the eye of the user.
The distances upon the scale 19 are not equal throughout the length of the scale,
but decrease in distance outwardly from-the centre of the scale, for the movement
of the disc one degree would indicate a greater change of grade as the inclim-
tion of the grade increases.
In the modification shown in Figure VI the opening extends through the
block, and the disc 14, cross-bar 6, glass 7, and pointers 17 are duplicated, so
that the indicator may be read from either side. The spring-plate 9 is not duplicated,
and the bearing 12 is secured to the cross-bar 6. In this modification also, the
arbor 10 is attached firmly to the cross-bar 6, and said bar is made to act as a
spring-plate and to take the place of the spring-plate 9, one end having a limited
inward and outward movement and being attached to the kuob 21, by pressure
upon which the inward movement is given to the free end, as described relative to
spring-plate 9.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A clinometer comprising a case 1, having an arbor-bearing 12, the spring-
plate having an arbor-bearing 10 and a push-knob 21, the arbor 11, and the
eccentrically-weighted circular plate having a scale, substantially as described.
2. A clinometer comprising a case 1, having an arbor-bearing 12, the spring-plate
having an arbor-bearing 10 and a push-knob 21, the arbor 11, the pointers 17 and
the eccentrically-weighted circular plate having a scale on the face thereof, sub-
stantially as described.
3. A clinometer comprising a case 1, having an arbor-bearing 12, the spring-
plate having an arbor-bearing 10 and a push-knob 21, the arbor 11, the pointer 17,
and the eccentrically-weighted circular plate 14, having an inclination-scale 16
and a grading-scale 19 on the face thereof, and mounted on the arbor, substantially
as described.
4. A clinometer comprising a case 1, having a bearing 12, the bar 6, the

page_text: spring-plate 9, having the bearing 10 and push-knob 21, the arbor 11, and the
eccentrically-weighted circular plate 14, having a scale on the face thereof and
mounted on the arbor, substantially as described.
5. A clinometer comprising a square case 1, having a circular recess 2, formed
with annular steps 3 4, the lining 5, the bearing 12, the diagonal bar 6, the spring-
plate 9, having the bearing 10 and the push-knob 21, the arbor 11, the eccentrically-
weighted circular plate 14, having an inclination-scale 16 and a grading-scale 19,
and the pointer 17, substantially as described.
Dated this 6th day of December 1890.
HORN & SON,
Applicant's Agents.