Improvements in and relating to Scissors and other like Cutting Instruments.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Scissors and other like Cutting
Instruments.
1, THOMAS FINNEY of No. 2 Bolton Drive Mount Florida, Glasgow in the
County of Renfrew Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to cutting instruments and has for its objects; first, to
impart a slicing motion to the blades of scissors, shears and other cutting instru-
ments when in operation; second, to impart a segmental or elliptical motion to one
or both blades of such cutting instruments when in use; third, to make a long
cutting edge and a short one of such an instrument, when paired together, reciprocal,
from heel to point, in the motion of their cutting edges.
In carrying out my invention upon a pair of scissors or hand shears I form the
two "blanks," consisting of bows, shanks, and blades, similar in shape and
appearance to those at present in use; the blades being uniform in length,
although the cutting edge formed upon one of them is longer than that upon the
other and one "blank is made without a shoulder stop between the shank and
blade, and the other with one.
"
pierce the shoulderless "blank" with two pivot holes or slots in the part
where the two sides are usually rivetted together and in corresponding positions
upon the other side, or "blank," I fix two rivets, studs or pins in positions suitable
for moving easily within the slots. One of these slots, being formed in line with
the heel and point of the blade, has a companion one made at an angle to it and
nearer to the scissors' point. When these scissors are closed the rivet in each slot
When the scissors are in
occupies the end nearest to the point of the instrument.
use, these slots and rivets enable me to obtain a very satisfactory motion with
the blades if the slots are placed at an angle of forty five degrees towards
each other.
The cutting edge of the shoulderless and slotted "blank" is longer than that
upon the side which contains the rivets and when the two "blanks or sides are
fitted together and firmly united by means of the rivets the operation of the
instrument produces a combined clipping and slicing motion.
The result of this combination of slots and rivets is that the shoulderless, slotted
side makes a longer travel when the instrument is in use than the side containing
the rivets. There is a perfect reciprocity between the cutting edges although the
long one travels more rapidly than the short one.
The motion which is obtained by my invention in a cutting instrument is partly
segmental (or elliptical) and partly radial. It differs materially from that of the
guillotine blade which is a parallel diagonal motion and simultaneous from one
end to the other.
My invention is intended for application to large and powerful cutting instru-
ments as well as for such as those herein described in detail. The slots may be
placed in various positions and at different angles to those which have been
mentioned, namely the angle of forty-five degrees. There may also be more than
two slots and two rivets to each instrument if its dimensions will admit of more.
Dated this Second day of March 1893.
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Inventor.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Scissors and other like Cutting
Instruments.
I, THOMAS FINNEY of No. 2 Bolton Drive, Mount Florida Glasgow, in the
County of Renfrew Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to cutting instruments and has for its objects:
1st. To impart a slicing motion to the blades of scissors, shears and other cutting
instruments when in operation :
2nd. To impart a segmental or elliptical motion to one or both blades of such
cutting instruments when in use :
3rd. To make a long cutting edge and a short one of such an instrument,
when paired together, reciprocal from heel to point in the motion of their cutting
edges.
In carrying out my invention upon a pair of scissors or hand shears I form the
two "blanks" consisting of bows, shanks and blades, similar in shape and appearance
to those at present in use: the blades being uniform in length although the cutting
edge formed upon one of them is longer than that upon the other and one "blank
is made without a shoulder stop between the shank and blade, and the other
with one.
66
I pierce the shoulderless "blank" with two pivot holes or slots in the part where
the two sides are usually rivetted together and in corresponding positions upon the
other side, or blank," I fix two rivets, studs or pins in positions suitable for
moving easily within the slots. One of these slots, being formed in line with the
heel and point of the blade, has a companion one made at an angle to it and nearer
to the scissors point. When these scissors are closed the rivet in each slot occupies
the end nearest to the point of the instrument. When the scissors are in use these
slots and rivets enable me to obtain a very satisfactory motion with the blades if
the slots are placed at an angle of forty five degrees towards each other.
The cutting edge of the shoulderless and slotted "blank" is longer than that
upon the side which contains the rivets and when the two "blanks" or sides are
fitted together and firmly united by means of the rivets the operation of the
instrument produces a combined clipping and slicing motion.
The result of this combination of slots and rivets is that the shoulderless, slotted
side makes a longer travel when the instrument is in use than the side. containing
the rivets. There is a perfect reciprocity between the cutting edges although the
long one travels more rapidly than the short one.
The motion which is obtained by means of my invention in combination with a
cutting instrument of the kind herein described is partly segmental (or elliptical)
and partly radial. It differs materially from that of the guillotine's blade which is
a parallel diagonal motion and simultaneous from one end to the other.
My invention is intended for application to large and powerful cutting instruments
as well as for such as those herein described in detail. The slots may be placed in
various positions and at different angles to those which have been mentioned namely
as describing an angle of forty five degrees. There may also be more than two
slots and two rivets to each instrument if its dimensions will admit of more.
My invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accompanying
drawings in which :-
Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a pair of scissors constructed according to my
invention and shewn closed.
Fig. 1 is a view shewing the same scissors onened to their full extent.

page_text: Fig. 1 shews the angle described by the positions in which the slots are placed
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 is a back view of scissors shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1 but showing a different arrangement of the slots
and pins.
Fig. 2 represents the scissors shewn in Fig. 2 opened to their full extent.
Fig. 2B represents the angle described by the positions in which the slots are
placed in Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 1 but showing a different arrangement of the slots
and pins.
Fig. 3 represents the scissors shewn in Fig. 3 opened to their full extent.
Fig. 3 represents the angle described by the positions in which the slots aro
placed in Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a similar view to Fig. 1 but showing a different arrangement of the slots
and pins; also a difference in shape of one of the slots.
Fig. 4 represents the scissors shewn in Fig. 4 opened to their full extent.
Fig. 4 represents the angles described by the positions in which the slots are
placed in Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 1 but showing a different arrangement of the slots
and pins, also a difference in shape of one of the slots.
Fig. 5 represents the scissors shown in Fig. 5 opened to their full extent.
Fig. 5 represents the angles described by the positions in which the slots are
placed in Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 is a similar view to Fig. 1 but showing a different arrangement of the slots
and pins.
Fig. 6 represents the scissors shewn in Fig. 6 opened to their full extent.
Fig. 6 represents the angles described by the positions in which the slots are
placed in Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 is a similar view to Fig. 1 but showing a different arrangement of the slots
and pins.
Fig. 7 represents the scissors shewn in Fig. 7 opened to their full extent.
Fig. 7B represents the angles described by the positions in which the slots are
placed in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7 is a back view of Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 is a representation of a scissors joint composed in accordance with my
invention consisting of an elliptical hole and a long slot furnished with pins studs
or rivets.
Figs. 9-12 represents shears to which my invention may also be applied.
Fig. 9 represents an ordinary two handed pair of gardening shears as at present
in common use.
Fig. 10 represents an ordinary two handed pair of spring gardening or pruning
shears as at present in common use of the kind which has a slot G in one
"blank
and a pin pivot or rivet H in the other which together with the spring or
springs J connect the two sides together and enable them to be operated with a
combined but irregular clipping and slicing motion.
Fig. 11 represents an ordinary pair of small spring pruning or gardening shears
as at present in common use of the kind in which one "blank" contains a slot G
and is united to the other by means of a pin pivot or rivet H and spring or springs J
the motion being an irregular combined clipping and slicing one.
Fig. 12 represents an ordinary pair of shears which are operated by machinery
provided with an elliptical or cam movement K.
Referring to the drawings which are all made to one pattern for purposes of
asy reference and comparison, the parts marked A, a' and a' comprise one
blank" and those marked B, b¹ and another blank together forming a pair of
cissors when united by rivets as shewn in the several drawings.
As the studs, pins or rivets marked C engaging with the holes or slots marked D
nd E are for the purposes of guiding and restraining the sides of the instrument

page_text: in the directions and extent of their movements when in operation. I find it
unnecessary to employ a stop or shoulder upon either blank for those purposes
although I make the shanks of my improved scissors or shears to resemble those in
general use.
In Figures 24, 44, and 64, it will be seen that if a shoulder or stop was put
upon the shanks marked a where indicated by a dotted line that it would interfere
with the elliptical motion of the blades marked A but if such a stop be made upon
the shanks & Figs. 2A, 4A, or 6ª where marked with a dotted line it would not
aterfere with the movements of the instruments.
In Figures 2, 3, 4, and 6* the parts marked F represent the "shoulderless and
slotted blank" before named and in Figures 14, 24, 34, 44, 64, and 7^, the dotted
lines upon the shanks marked 6' indicate where I make their formation to resemble
the shoulder or stop which is commonly formed upon each side of a pair of
scissors.
Figures 1, 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 represent the scissors previously described as having,
"two pivot holes or slots" formed in one side or blank and two rivets, studs or
pins fixed upon the other side in suitable positions for moving easily within the
said slots and Figures 1 and 14 represent those scissors more particularly which
have one of the said slots namely that marked E formed in line with the heel and
point of the blade and a companion one marked D made at an angle to it and nearer
to the scissors' point, and Figure 1 shews the position occupied by the rivet in each
of the said slots namely the end nearest to the point of the instrument-when these
scissors are closed. In Figures 1 to 6 the slots are in one of the sides and the pins
in the companion one.
Figures 2 and 24 are illustrations of scissors made in accordance with my inven-
tion wherein the slots are formed or placed at an angle of forty-five degrees
towards each other. In the several drawings I have shewn the slots and holes
occupying various positions and describing different angles upon the sides of the
scissors.
In Figures 7, 7 and 7° the slots are still further varied in their positions; one
behind the other, one only of the slots being in one side or blank and its associate
slot being in the companion side or blank-the rivets being similarly and suitably
fitted in each side or blank. This back to back arrangement of the slots is sometimes
but not always the most convenient and I vary the positions back to back or both on
one side as I find best suited to my purpose, with each, any or all of the combina-
tions of slots shewn herein.
In Fig. 8, I have shewn the combination of a long slot and an oval or elliptical
hole, each furnished with a pivot suitably adapting them for the reciprocity required.
in this elliptical scissor joint.
The several diagrams Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, 44, 5, 64, and 7ª enable it to be seen
that one of the cutting edges is longer than the other and as each instrument made
in accordance therewith is operated the closing of the blades necessitates, the
retiral of the longer cutting edge more rapidly than the short one and the motion
is not merely a radial but a slicing or shearing one also.
The several diagrams, Figs. 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B 5B 6B and 7" represent the angle or
angles formed by the slots in the several drawings which bear corresponding
numbers.
The pins, studs or rivets which are shewn in combination with the slots of my
improved scissors herein described and drawn are provided with suitable shaped
heads for uniting each pair of sides or blanks together. The arrangements of slots
holes and pins are not only designed for application exactly as shewn herein
whether upon the right or left hand blank but also in an exactly opposite right or
left hand arrangement: also in conjunction with larger or smaller. scissors or shears.
Whatever differences of length are observable in the cutting edges of the blades in
scissors made according to my invention when the scissors are opened, the points
thereof are always in line when the instrument is closed-shewing, that there is a
perfect reciprocity in the motions of the two sides.

page_text: The devices constituting my invention are not limited to scissors or hand shears
which have bows as drawn herein but are intended for application to shears such as
shewn in Figs. 9 to 12 which are operated by machinery or furnished with handles
of various kinds, such for instance as garden shears. They are not intended for
application to guillotine or rotary cutting machines but only to shears having the
fulcrum pivot or pivots at one end or extremity of the cutting edge and not at
both extremities of it.
с
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
First. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of the
slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 1 adapted for reciprocal movements
all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof
for the purposes specified.
Second. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of the
slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 2 adapted for reciprocal movements
all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof
for the purposes specified.
Third. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of the
slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 3 adapted for reciprocal movements
all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof
for the purposes specified.
Fourth. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of the
slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 4 adapted for reciprocal movements
all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof
for the purposes specified.
Fifth. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of the
slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 5 adapted for reciprocal movements
all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof
for the purposes specified.
Sixth. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of the
slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 6 adapted for reciprocal movements
all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof
for the purposes specified.
Seventh. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of
the slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 7 adapted for reciprocal move-
ments all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification
thereof for the purposes specified.
Eighth. In a pair of scissors or hand shears the combination therewith of the
slots D and E and studs C as shewn in Figure 8 adapted for reciprocal movements
all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof
for the purposes specified.
Ninth. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the slot
or slots D and E and stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 1 adapted for
reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Tenth. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the slot
or slots D and E and stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 2 adapted for
reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Eleventh. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the
slot or slots D and E stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 3 adapted for
reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Twelfth. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the
slot or slots D-E-and stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 4 adapted for

page_text: reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Thirteenth. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the
slot or slots D and E and stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 5 adapted
for reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any
mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Fourteenth. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the
slot or slots D and E and stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 6 adapted
for reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any
mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Fifteenth. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the
slot or slots D and E and stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 7 adapted
for reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any
mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Sixteenth. In a pair of shears the combination with either blade thereof of the
slot or slots D and E and stud or studs C therefor as shewn in Figure 8 adapted
for reciprocal movements all substantially as herein described and drawn or any
mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1893.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.
JOSEPH
LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.