IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING, MALTING, DISTILLING, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS. OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR DRYING GRAIN OR OTHER GOODS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Barclay Walker, of Warrington, in the
County of Lancashire, Brewer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREWING, MALTING, DISTILLING, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS.
OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR DRYING GRAIN OR OTHER GOODS."
Sealed the 22nd February 1867, and dated the 20th September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Barclay Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1866.
I, ANDREW BARCLAY WALKER, of Warrington, in the County of Lancashire,.
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREWING, MALTING, DISTILLING, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, PARTS OF
WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR DRYING GRAIN OR OTHER GOODS," to be as follows:-
My improvements have for their special object the facilitating of the process.
of brewing or distilling by attemperating the atmosphere in the gyle tun rooms,
or the atmosphere immediately surrounding the gyle tuns, to that degree of
temperature in summer or winter by which the process of vinous fermentation
may be most successfully conducted, never allowing the temperature to rise
above or fall below that degree of temperature during which the azotic con-
stituents of the worts become most speedily oxydised by the oxygen of the.
atmosphere, and further, the maintenance of that degree of suitability or
uniformity of temperature throughout the process of fermentation.

page_text: The first part of my said Invention relates to the attemperating the atmo-
sphere below the average mean temperature of the British climate, or to that
degree of temperature at which vinous fermentation may be most successfully
conducted, and in the application of the same (amongst other attemperating
purposes) to the attemperating of worts, water, gyle tuns, gyle tun rooms,
store rooms, or cellars; for this purpose I construct a vessel or attemperator
of tinned copper or other suitable material; this vessel or attemperator I make
round, square, or oblong in form; inside of this vessel I fix a tube or a series
of tubes passing from end to end; through the aforesaid vessel I cause a
constant supply of spring water to flow by means of a pump or otherwise, or
I fill the vessel with ice, or ice and common salt, or other salts, or acids, or
salts and acids combined; through the tube or tubes inside of the vessel or
attemperator I force atmospheric air by means of a pump or pumps, cylinder
or cylinders, fan or fans, or bellows; the atmospheric air is thus cooled or
attemperated by passing through the tube or tubes surrounded with the water
or freezing mixture or mixtures. The atmospheric air thus cooled or attem-
perated I conduct from the vessel or attemperator by means of pipes to the
rooms in which the fermenting tuns are fixed, and discharge it into the said
rooms; or I conduct the air from the attemperator by means of suitable pipes
through that particular kind of refrigerator known as "Morton's," or any
other kind of tubular refrigerator for cooling worts or liquor by means of
atmospheric air instead of water. In the winter months the natural tem-
perature of the atmosphere will be sufficiently low for the purpose of cooling
without previously passing or pumping it through the attemperator containing
the freezing mixture or mixtures.
The second part of my Invention relates to attemperating the air imme-
diately in contact with the gyle tuns; for this purpose I surround the gyle
tuns with an outer case or jacket of metal, wood, or any suitable material;
into this case or jacket I conduct the air from the attemperator by means of
pipes, thereby passing the air completely round the gyle tuns previous to
discharging it into the gyle tun rooms, thus maintaining a circulation of
attemperated air around the gyle tuns during fermentation.
The third part of my Invention relates to passing the air from the attem-
perator directly into the gyle tuns; for this purpose I fix or suspend a tube
or series of tubes inside of the gyle tuns, and pass the air from the attemperator
through the aforesaid tube or tubes previous to discharging it into the gyle
tan rooms.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to preserving the yeast during
fermentation; for this purpose I conduct the air from the attemperator by

page_text: means of pipes, and distribute it by means of a tube or tubes over the surface
of the worts in the gyle tuns or yeast troughs or receivers.
The fifth part of my Invention relates to the preservation of beer or other
liquors in the store rooms or cellars; for this purpose I conduct the air from
the attemperator by means of pipes to the store rooms or cellars, and there
discharge it into the atmosphere of the said store rooms or cellars for the
purpose of maintaining that uniformity of temperature best suited for the
preservation of beer or other liquors. If in winter the temperature of the
atmosphere should ever fall below that best suited for conducting the process
of fermentation, then I should instead of filling the attemperator with the
freezing mixture or mixtures fill it with hot water or fix it over an ordinary fire
or furnace, so that the air may be attemperated above the temperature of the
surrounding atmosphere, or to any desired degree of temperature in passing
through the tubes of the attemperator to the gyle tuns, gyle tun rooms, store
rooms, or cellars.
The sixth part of my Invention relates to regulating the temperature of the
atmosphere in the malting rooms whilst the grain is on the floor in process.
of germination, so that malt may be made in the summer as well as in the
winter; for this purpose I conduct the air from the attemperator by means of
pipes to the malting rooms and there discharge it into the said rooms, thereby
attemperating the atmosphere of those rooms to that degree of temperature.
best suited for malting; or the attemperator may be used with hot water or
steam, instead of the freezing mixture for heating the atmospheric air in
passing through it for the purpose of drying malt on the kilns or any other
kind of grain, or for drying hops; further, it may be used for attemperating
or ventilating rooms, or for drying any description of goods, for potteries,
laundries, or bakers' ovens.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Andrew Barclay Walker in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
BARCLAY WALKER, of Warrington, in the County of Lancashire, Brewer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Andrew Barclay Walker, Her special licence that I, the said Andrew
Barclay Walker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREWING, MALTING, DISTILLING, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR DRYING GRATE OF OTHER GOODS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, viz. :-
My improvements have for their special object the facilitating of the process
of brewing or distilling by attemperating the atmosphere in the gyle tun
rooms, or the atmosphere immediately surrounding the gyle tuns, to that
degree of temperature in summer or winter by which the process of vinous
fermentation may be most successfully conducted, never allowing the tem-
perature to rise above or fall below that degree of temperature, during
which the azotic constituents of the worts become most speedily oxydised
by the oxygen of the atmosphere, and further, the maintenance of that
degree of suitability or uniformity of temperature throughout the process of
fermentation.
The first part of my said Invention relates to the attemperating the
atmosphere below the average mean temperature of the British climate, or to
that degree of temperature at which vinous fermentation may be most
súccessfully conducted, and in the application of the same (amongst other
attemperating purposes) to the attemperating of worts, water, gyle tuns, gyle
tun rooms, store rooms, or cellars; for this purpose I construct a vessel or attem-
perator of tinned copper or other suitable material; this vessel or attemperator
I make round, square, or oblong in form; inside of this vessel I fix a tube or

page_text: series of tubes passing from end to end; through the aforesaid vessel I cause
a constant supply of spring water to flow by means of a pump or otherwise, or
I fill the vessel with ice, or ice and common salt, or other salts or acids, or
salts and acids combined; through the tube or tubes inside of the vessel or
attemperator I force atmospheric air by means of a pump or pumps, cylinder
or cylinders, fan or fans, or bellows; the atmospheric air is thus cooled.or
attemperated by passing through the tube or tubes surrounded with the water
or freezing mixture or mixtures. The atmospheric air thus cooled or
attemperated I conduct from the vessel or attemperator by means of pipes
to the rooms in which the fermenting tuns are fixed, and discharge it into the
said rooms; or I conduct the air from the attemperator by means of suitable
pipes through that particular kind of refrigerator known as Morton's; or any
other kind of tubular refrigerator for cooling worts or liquor by means of
atmospheric air instead of water. In the winter months the natural tem-
perature of the atmosphere will be sufficiently low for the purpose of cooling
without previously passing or pumping it through the attemperator containing
the freezing mixture or mixtures.
The second part of my Invention relates to the attemperating the air
immediately in contact with the gyle tuns; for this purpose I surround the
gyle tuns with an outer case or jacket of metal, wood, or any suitable
material; into this case or jacket I conduct the air from the attemperator
by means of pipes, thereby passing the air completely round the gyle
tuns previous to discharging it into the gyle tun rooms, thus maintaining
a circulation of attemperated air around the gyle tuns during fermentation.
The third part of my Invention relates to passing the air from the attem-
perator directly into the gyle tuns; for this purpose I fix or suspend a tube
or series of tubes inside of the gyle tuns, and pass the air from the attemperator
through the aforesaid tube or tubes previous to discharging it into the gyle
tun rooms.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to preserving the yeast during
fermentation; for this purpose I conduct the air from the attemperator by
means of pipes, and distribute it by means of a tube or tubes over the
surface of the worts in the gyle tuns or yeast troughs or receivers.
The fifth part of my Invention relates to the preservation of beer or other
liquors in the store rooms or cellars; for this purpose I conduct the air from
the attemperator by means of pipes to the store rooms or cellars, and there
discharge it into, the atmosphere of the said store rooms or cellars, for the
purpose of maintaining that uniformity of temperature best suited for the
preservation of beer or other liquors. If in winter the temperature of the

page_text: atmosphere should ever fall below that best suited for conducting the process
of fermentation, then I should, instead of filling the attemperator with the
freezing mixture or mixtures fill it with hot water or fix it over an ordinary
fire or furnace, so that the air may be attemperated above the temperature: of
the surrounding atmosphere, or to any desired degree of temperature, in passing
through the tubes of the attemperator to the gyle tuns, gyle tun rooms, store
rooms, or cellars.
The sixth part of my Invention relates to regulating the temperature of the
atmosphere in the malting rooms whilst the grain is on the floor in the process
of germination, so that malt may be made in the summer as well as in the
winter; for this purpose I conduct the air from. the attemperator by means of
pipes to the malting rooms and there discharge it into the said rooms, thereby
attemperating the atmosphere of those rooms to that degree of temperature
best suited for malting; or the attemperator may be used with hot water or
steam, instead of the freezing mixture, for heating the atmospheric air in
passing through it for the purpose of. drying malt on the kilns or any other
kind of grain, or for drying hops; further, it may be used for attemperating or
ventilating rooms, or for drying any description of goods for potteries, laundries,
or bakers' ovens.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly. understood I shall
proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures upon the explanatory Sheets,
of Drawings, which I have hereunto. appended for the purpose of shewing
certain modifications under which my improvements may be judiciously carried
into practice.
Figures 1 and 2, on Sheet A of the accompanying Drawings, illustrate one
modification of my attemperator which I use for attemperating the atmo-
spheric air. a, a, a, are a series of flattened tubes arranged side by side, the,
ends opening into the tubes b, b¹. The spaces c, c, c, I fill with cold or spring
water, ice, or freezing mixtures. The air from the fan, Figure 3, enters the
attemperator by the tube d, passes through the tubes a, a, a, into b¹, and is
discharged at e, whence it may be taken where required.
Figures 4 and 5, on Sheet A, shew a modification of my Invention for
preserving the yeast or worts in the gyle tuns, thereby insuring a healthy and
vigorous fermentation. F, F, are the gyle tuns into which I conduct the air
from the attemperator by means of the pipes e, g, and discharge it over the
surface of the yeast or worts by the pipes h, h, the bottom ends of which are
perforated with small holes. i, i,. valves for regulating quantity of air to each
gyle. tun.
Figures 6 and; 7, Sheet A, shew a modification of my Invention for preserving

page_text: the yeast or worts during fermentation without passing the air through the
attemperator, as in winter the natural temperature of the atmosphere may be
sufficiently low to insure a healthy and vigorous fermentation by simply
blowing a current of air on the surface of the yeast or worts; J, gyle tun.
K, K, pipe from fan, air pump, or cylinder ; 4, pipe for discharging air over the
surface of the yeast or worts; m, regulating valve.
Figure 1, Sheet B, shews a modification of my Invention for attemperating
the air immediately surrounding the gyle tuns. A is the gyle tun; b, b, the
outer jacket or case formed in a series of rings c, c, c, c, connected alternately
by the openings d, d, d, d; e air pipe leading from attemperator. The air enters
the jacket by the pipe f, traverses round the gyle tun, and is finally discharged
at g. h regulator valve.
Figure 2, Sheet B, shews a modification of my Invention for distributing
air from the attemperator, fan pump or cylinder over the entire surface of the
yeast or wort in the gyle tun during fermentation. A, gyle tun; e, pipe leading
from attemperator; b, pipe for distributing air, the bottom of which is perforated
with small holes; c, valve for regulating supply of air.
b
Figure 3, Sheet B, shews a modification of my Invention for preserving the
yeast in the receivers or yeast troughs. A is the yeast trough into which the
yeast passes from the puncheons 6 by the pipes c; D, pipe from attemperator.
or fan; e, e, pipes for distributing the air over the surface of the yeast; f, valve,
for regulating supply.
Figure 4, Sheet B, shews another application of my Invention for preserving
the yeast in the yeast troughs or receivers. A is the yeast trough into which
the yeast passes from the puncheons b; D, pipe from attemperator or fan;
e, e, pipes for distributing the air over the surface of the yeast; f, valve for
regulating supply.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet C, shew a modification of my Invention for regulating
the temperature of the atmosphere in the malting rooms. A, A, malting
room; b, b, pipes for conducting air from attemperator or fan; c, c, flexible
tubes for distributing air over the malt on the floor or discharging into room.
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet C, shew a modification of my Invention for attem-
perating the air in gyle tun rooms, store rooms, or cellars. A, A, gyle tun
room, store room, or cellar; b, pipe from attemperator or fan; c, c, pipes per-
forated with small holes for discharging air into room.
:
Figure 1, Sheet D, shews a modification of my Invention for cooling worts
by means of attemperated air instead of water in that particular kind of
refrigerator known as 'Morton's.' A is the attemperator described in
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet A; B, Morton's refrigerator. The air from the fan,

page_text: pump, or cylinder enters the attemperator by the pipe c, passes through the
attemperator and enters into the tubes of refrigerator B by means of the pipe d,
finally making its exit by the pipe e.
Figure 2, Sheet D, shews a modification of my Invention for cooling worts
in that refrigerator known as Morton's by means of atmospheric air without
using the attemperator. A, pipe leading from fan, pump, or cylinder; B, Morton's
refrigerator. The air enters the refrigerator by the pipe A, passes through the
tubes, and makes its exit at d..
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet D, shew a modification of my Invention for heating
or attemperating air for drying malt, hops, or other goods. A is the attem-
perator fixed over the furnace B. The air from fan, pump, or cylinder enters
at the pipe c, passes through the tubes d, d, into the cap e, thence through
the tubes ff, and passes out at 9, whence it is conveyed by suitable pipes to
malt kiln or wherever required. The tubes f, f, immediately above the fire
are protected by fire-brick h; the flame from furnace passes over and
under the tubes d, d, in the direction of the arrows into the chimney K.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe in conclusion that I do not restrict or confine
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus for attem-
perating air as herein described and delineated in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet A,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, the arrangement and construction of apparatus for preserving the
yeast or worts in the gyle tuns during fermentation, by which a healthy and
vigorous fermentation is insured, as herein described and substantially set forth
in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, Sheet A, and Figure 2, Sheet B, of the Drawings
hereunto attached.
Thirdly, the novel arrangement and construction of apparatus for attem-
perating the air immediately surrounding the gyle tuns as described herein
and set forth in Figure 1, Sheet B, of the Drawings hereunto attached.
Fourthly, the preservation of the yeast in the yeast troughs or receivers by
blowing air upon it from the attemperator, or the atmosphere as herein.
described and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, Sheet B, of the Drawings
hereunto attached.

page_text: Fifthly, the arrangement and construction of apparatus for attemperating the
atmosphere in the malting rooms so that malt may be made in the summer as
well as the winter, as herein described and set forth in Figures 1 and 2,
Sheet C, of the Drawings hereunto attached.
Sixthly, the arrangement and construction of apparatus for attemperating
the atmosphere in gyle tun rooms, store rooms, or cellars, as herein described
and set forth in Figures 3 and 4, Sheet C, of the Drawings.
Seventhly, the arrangement and construction of apparatus for cooling
worts by attemperated or atmospheric air as herein described and illustrated
in Figures 1 and 2, Sheet D, of the Drawings hereunto attached.
Eighthly, the arrangement and construction of apparatus for heating or
attemperating air for drying malt, hops, grain, or other goods, as herein
described and set forth in Figures 3 and 4, Sheet D, of the accompanying|
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Barclay Walker, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
JOHN PRICE,
Clerk to Peter Walker & Son,
Liverpool.
ANDW. B. WALKER. (L.B.)