IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, AND APPLICATION THEREOF TO CERTAIN USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Joy, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
and William Holt, of the same Place, Organ Builder, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, AND
APPLICATION THEREOF TO CERTAIN USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed tho 10th February 1857, and dated the 8th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Joy and William
Holt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th October 1856.
We, DAVID JOY, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, and WILLIAM
HOLT, of the same Place, Organ Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, AND
THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO CERTAIN USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to engines wherein the piston is caused to reciprocate
within the cylinder by the pressure of water, and consists, firstly, in the the
application of a "pneumatic lever" for actuating the valves or cocks to admit
the water alternately on each side of the piston; secondly, the employment of
spring for the same purpose, retarded in its action by a roservoir of air or
water permitted to escapo by an adjustable opening; thirdly, the application
of the aforesaid motive power engine to work the bellows of organs or other
similar purposes; and, fourthly, the employment of a stop motion actuated by

page_text: the bellows for regulating the supply of water or governing the engine. The
accompanying two Sheets of outline Drawings will more clearly explain the
nature of our Invention..
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an hydraulic motive power engine with our
improvements attached.
a is the cylinder, with piston, &c., constructed the
same as for steam motive power; b, a two-way cock or tap for admitting water
alternately on each side of the piston, or to each end of the cylinder. (A section
of the said cock is shewn at Fig. 2.) c is a sectional view of a pneumatic lever,
which is an apparatus similar to a pair of bellows or concertina; d is a passage
to each side of the diaphragm c', and communicating with the bellows of an
organ e; f, a slide valve, operated by an arm on the piston rod a¹ for alter-
nately admitting air to each compartment of the pneumatic lever; and g, another
slide valve or stop, actuated by the bellows for closing the aperture or com-
munication when the bellows are full of air. The said diaphram is caused to
move upwards and downwards, similar to a piston. By the pressure of air when
alternately admitted on each side, and by means of the rod h attached to the
diaphragm, and connected by the rod i to the radius beam or lever j, and the
connecting rod k and lever 1, the cock is actuated, and a communication alter-
nately opened to one or the other side of the piston for the admission of water,
and the motion of the piston thus produced is communicated by the arm a³ to
suitable levers and connecting rods to work the bellows of organs or other
similar purposes. We can also actuate the cock by means of an elastic spring,
as shewn at m, which is an india-rubber band (partly broken away in the
Drawing) passing round a stud on the end of the beam j, and round another
stud on the arm n, fixed on the piston rod, the action of which spring will be
understood by reference to the dotted lines. It will be perceived, that when the
piston descends, and consequently the stud on the arm n, towards the point o,
the centre line of the elastic spring having passed the centre of action or pivot
'of the beam j, as shewn by the dotted lines, the point p of the said beam will
be drawn suddenly by the elastic or contractile force of the spring to the point
g; but in order to retard or prevent the too sudden action thereof, we employ
a vessel or reservoir of any suitable form, as in Fig. 3, which is similar to a
cylinder and piston, with an adjustable opening or passage from one end to the
other of the said cylinder. The piston rod of this apparatus we attach to the
rodi in place of the pneumatic lever. The cylinder being charged or filled with
air or water and tightly enclosed, the piston cannot move or reciprocate in
the cylinder without displacing the fluid, by forcing it through the opening to
the other side of the piston at each stroke, the said opening being adjustable,

page_text: as before stated, the speed of this piston, and consequently the beam, &c..
operating the cock, can thus be regulated. When the machine is applied to
other purposes than organ-blowing, or in the absence of wind to move the
pneumatic lever, its place is supplied by a small cylinder, as shewn at r, Fig. 4,
with the two-way cock s, moved by the piston rod by means of the connection
, and actuated by water from the main through the pipe t, in which is the
stop-cock u, for regulating the motion of the machine, as by the pneumatic
lever; or the valve may be made in the form as shewn at Fig. 5, v, v, where it
is a double piston, the guido rod ends of which form the pistons of the two
small cylinders a, a, into which water is admitted alternately from the main by
the two-way cock w, moved by the piston rod by means of the connection z to
give the valve vits reciprocating motion, the supply being regulated in this
case as in Fig. 4.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Joy and William Holt in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th April 1857.'
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
Joy, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, and WILLIAM HOLT, of the
same Place, Organ Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
David Joy and William Holt, Her special licence that we, the said David Joy.
and William Holt, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.
as we, the said David Joy and William Holt, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agreo with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, AND THE
APPLICATION THEREOF TO CERTAIN USEFUL PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, tho said David Joy and William Holt, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention,

page_text: and the manner in which the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
:-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Joy, for and on behalf of
myself and the said William Holt, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
Our Invention relates to improvements in hydraulic motive power engines,
in which the piston is caused to reciprocate within the cylinder by the pressure
of water. These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying four Sheets of Drawings, with the figures and letters of reference
thereon, in which the said letters refer to each Figure separately.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1, we shew one of the modifications of our improved
machines, in which the water-pressure engine is acted upon by what is tech-
nically called by organ builders a "pneumatic lever," and the engine is shewn
acting upon the bellows of an organ. a, a, represent the bellows of the organ;
b, b, the feeders; and c, the ordinary lever for blowing by hand. To this lever
at d is attached the piston rod of the engine, of which e is the cylinder, the
same as in a steam engine, with a four-way cock f, for admitting the water at
suitable
a pressure from a water main g, with which it may be connected in any
manner; this four-way cock is moved so as to admit water alternately to the
top and bottom of the cylinder, thus producing the reciprocating action neces-
sary for blowing. The cock fis moved by the "pneumatic lever "h, which is
an apparatus similar to a pair of bellows or a concertina, which is supplied with
wind from the bellows a, a, by the pipe i; the wind is admitted alternately to
one or the other side of the moveable leaf j of the "pneumatic lever" by the
valve k, which is actuated by the lever from the main blowing lever c. To
the leaf jis attached the rod m, which connects it by means of the lever m¹ to
the four-way cock f. At the inlet end of the pipe i is a slide valve n, to regu-
late the supply of wind to the pneumatic lever; this valve is closed by tho
projection n' on the bellows coming in contact with the projection o on the rod
o', when the bellows are nearly full, which lifts the valve n, and cuts off or stops
the supply of wind to the "pneumatic lever" h, and also stops or closes the
four-way cock f, consequently stopping the action of the engine; and when the
bellows a, a, commence descending, on account of the wind being exhausted,
the rod o' is liberated, and descends by its own weight, or by the addition of a
spring or weight applied in any convenient manner, thereby opening the valve
n, which re-admits the wind to the pneumatic lever, and by moving the four-

page_text: way cock f, causes the engine to recommence working, and this action is
repeated as the bellows fill and exhaust, thus keeping a constant balance
between the demand and supply; and as the engine is proportioned to blow the
maximum quantity of wind necessary, the bellows are always kept full. The
valve or four-way cock, instead of being moved, as above described, may also
be moved by the water which supplies the engine, and may remain as a four-
way cock, or assume any of the ordinary forms of valve, for giving reciprocating
motion to a piston in a cylinder.
Two forms are shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, (Sheet 2,) in which the letters
apply equally. The cylinder e is provided with a double piston valve f, as seen
in Fig. 2, or with an ordinary face valve, as seen in Fig. 3, the guide rod ends
of which work in two small guides, which serve as cylinders t, t, and into which
the water from the main is admitted alternately by a small four-way cock q;
this four-way cock is moved by an arm on the piston rod actuating the con-
necting rod. r, the action of which is regulated by the adjusting screws r', thus
the same motion of the valve is attained as in the engines previously described.
The speed at which the valve is moved may be regulated by means of a set pin
at q' or g, which regulates the ingress or egress of the water. The engine
may be regulated by stopping the admission of water to the small four-way.
cock q, Fig. 2, by a common stop-cocks, which answers the same purpose as
the valve n, in Fig. 1; or any of the before-named class of engines may be
regulated by a large stop-cock on the water main or pipe for the supply of
water, which is closed by the bellows when full, and opened again on their
descending or exhausting, in the same manner as previously described in
Fig. 1.
In Fig. 5 (Sheet 2) wo shew the application of water pressure in a small
cylinder to move the valves or cock of the engine instead of the pneumatic
lever; its place is supplied by a small cylinder, as shewn at r, with the two-way
cock s, moved by the piston rod by the connection =, and actuated by water
from the main through the pipe t, in which is the stop-cock u, for regulating
the motion of the machine, as by the "pneumatic lever," or the valve may be
made in the form as shewn at Fig. 2 (Sheet 2). We can also actuate the
cock by means of an clastic spring, as shewn in Fig. 6 (Sheet 3), in which m
is an india-rubber band passing round a stud on the end of the beam j, and
round another stud on the arm n fixed on the piston rod, the action of which
spring will be understood by reference to the dotted lines. It will be perceived,
that when the piston descends, and consequently the stud on the arm n towards
the point o, the centre line of the elastic spring having passed the centre

page_text: of action or pivot of the beam j, as shewn by the dotted lines, the point P of
the said beam will be drawn suddenly by the elastic or contractile force of the
spring to the point q; but in order to retard or prevent the too sudden action
thereof, we employ a vessel or reservoir of any suitable form, as shown at 1,
which is similar to a cylinder and piston, with an adjustable opening or passage
from one end to the other of the said cylinder. The piston rod of this appa-
ratus we attach to the rod i in place of the "pneumatic lever." The cylinder
being charged or filled with air or water or other fluid, and tightly enclosed, the
piston cannot move or reciprocate in the cylinder without displacing the fluid
by forcing it through the opening to the other side of the piston; at each stroke
the resistance of the said fluid operates as a retarding force, and the said
opening being adjustable, as before stated, the speed of this piston, and conse-
quently the beam, &c. actuating the cock, can thus be regulated.
In Fig. 7 (Sheet 4) we shew the application of the aforesaid methods of
working the valves or cock of a water pressure engine by water as applied to
organ-blowing, and the mode of gradually regulating the supply by the stop-
cock a, which is actuated by the bellows through the medium of the combination
of levers b, the connecting rods c, d, and the weight e, which all tend to keep
the water-way fopen; but when the bellows become inflated or fills, the pro-
jection g, by coming in contact with the adjustable nut on the connecting
rod c, closes the cock and stops the supply. The small cock or valve for
admitting the water alternately to each end of the cylinder is actuated, as
before described, by an arm attached to the piston rod operating upon the
adjustable nuts on the rod i. The pipe for the exhaust water is shewn at k.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be dis-
tinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details herein
set forth; but we claim, as of our Invention, and which, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, has not been hitherto used within the realm, the use of
the "pneumatic lever" for actuating the valves or cocks of hydraulic motive
power engines, to admit water alternately on each side of the piston; and the
application of water pressure in a small cylinder or cylinders to move the valves
of the engine instead of the pneumatic lever aforesaid; and the employment
of a spring for the same purpose, retarded in its action by the resistance of air
or water or other fluid contained in a suitable reservoir, and permitted to escape
by an adjustable opening; and the application of such improved motive power
engine to work the bellows of organs, or for other similar purposes; and the
use of the stop motion actuated by the bellows for regulating the supply of

page_text: water or governing the engine, as all such improvements are herein described,
and illustrated in the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Joy, for and on behalf of myself
and the said William Holt, have hereunto set my hand and scal, this
Eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
Signer, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named David Joy, in the presence of
E. J. HUGRES, Patent Agent,
London.
DAVID JOY. (L.S.)