An Improved Process and Means Used therein for Carbonating and Bottling Beer and other Beverages.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th July, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Means Used therein for Carbonating and
Bottling Beer and other Beverages.
I, ALGERNON BROOKER JACKSON of the Firm of Farrow & Jackson, of 16
Great Tower Street, in the City of London, Brewers Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the carbonating and bottling in a sparkling condition of
beer and other beverages from casks or other containing vessels and consists of a
process and means used therein by which the beer or other beverage is gently
forced by the pressure of carbonic acid gas from the casks or vessels into a
pressure receiver and gas saturator and is thereafter bottled in a sparkling
condition without undue agitation or frothing of the beer or other beverages,
without pumping and without exposure of the beer or beverage at any time during
the process to the atmosphere, and at the same time with the utilisation of the
carbonating gas as a means of ejecting the beer or beverage from the casks or
vessels to the apparatus for carbouating and bottling.
:-
I carry my process as applied to beer as an example into effect as follows :-
The beer being found to be in good condition, the casks are tapped and connected
by a pipe to a first pressure receiver preferably of copper silver plated. The
casks are also connected through the bung hole, preferably by the improved dog
clamp the subject of a prior application to a gas tube connected to a receiver which
is supplied with carbonic acid gas at a small pressure as hereinafter more fully
described.
The carbonic acid gas thus admitted to the cask forces the beer into the first
pressure receiver and the communication is closed when the said receiver is full.
Carbonic acid gas is then admitted on to the surface of the beer in the pressure
receiver from a high pressure CO, gas storage tube controlled by a pressure
reducing valve, and the beer is forced into an adjoining saturator or carbonator
also preferably of copper silver plated, and provided with a perforated nozzle to
spray the beer as it falls in said carbonator.
The said carbonator is already filled with an atmosphere of CO, from another
gas storage tube controlled by a reducing valve and provided with an intermediate
compensating chamber between gas tube and saturator to preserve uniformity of
pressure.
The original gas charge in the first pressure receiver when the beer has been
thereby discharged into the saturator is not wasted, but is admitted into a receiver
of larger volume where it is expanded to a proper pressure for admission into the
casks to raise or eject the beer therefrom.
The beer when thoroughly carbonated in the saturator is ready for bottling, and
I employ an improved bottling head and valve, conveniently arranged in a series to
fill several bottles simultaneously and which may be used in conjunction with a
lever or treadle to hold the bottle up where the neck of the bottle is not
screwed.
This improved bottling head is provided with a valve operated to open by a
lever coming in contact with the neck of the bottle as it is pressed or screwed
upwards to the bottling head, and this valve admits CO2 into the interior of the
bottle to displace the air and to render its internal pressure nearly or quite uniform
with the internal pressure of the saturator.

page_text: The beer thus falls quickly but quietly without frothing by gravity down the
supply tube into the bottle under a uniform pressure and the mixed air and CO, gas
as it is displaced by the beer is not allowed to go back to the saturator, but is
snifted away by a suitable cock and represents the only waste of gas employed in
the process. This bottling head is applicable to any bottling process under
pressure.
The bottle is then unscrewed or removed gently from the bottling stand, so that
it does not froth, and the beer will be found in a clear and sparkling condition for
corking and can be bottled at any desired pressure without frothing.
Dated this 6th day of October 1893.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Means Used therein for Carbonating and
Bottling Beer and other Beverages.
I ALGERNON BROOKER JACKSON, of the Firm of Farrow and Jackson, of
16 Great Tower Street, in the City of Lordon, Brewer's Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to the carbonating, and bottling in a sparkling condition, of
beer and other beverages, from casks or other containing vessels, and consists of a
process, and means used therein, by which the beer, or other beverages, is gently
forced by the pressure of carbonic acid gas (with or without the assistance of a
vacuum) from the casks or vessels into a first receiver, and thence to a gas saturator
or carbonator, and is thereafter bottled in a sparkling condition, without undue
agitation or frothing of the beer or other beverages, without pumping of the beer,
and without exposure of the beer or beverage at any time during the process to the
atmosphere, and, at the same time, with the utilisation of the carbonating gas, as a
means of ejecting the beer or beverage from the casks or vessels to the apparatus
for carbonating and bottling, and of preserving a continual atmosphere of carbonic
acid gas over the beer or liquid.
And in order that my invention may be the better understood I now proceed to
describe the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1. is a general elevation of my apparatus for carrying my process into
effect.
Figure 2. is a general elevation of a modified apparatus for the same purpose.
Figure 3. is a sectional detail of the automatic valve on the bottling head.
I carry on my process (as applied to beer as an example) into effect as follows:-
The beer being found to be in good condition, the casks A. may be tapped and
connected by a pipe a. to a first pressure receiver B. preferably of copper silver-
plated. The casks are also connected through the bung hole by a pipe b (preferably
through the improved dog clamp, the subject of a prior Application No. 15275 and
dated 10th August 1893) to a receiver D. which is supplied with carbonic acid gas
at a small pressure, indirectly from a reservoir gas cylinder C. as hereinafter more
fully described; or both of the above connections may be made through the bung
hole by the aforesaid dog clamp with an internal extracting tube, as described in
such prior application.
The carbonic acid gas, thus admitted to the cask will force the beer into the first
pressure receiver if the lift be not great, and the communication is closed when the
said receiver is full.

page_text: Carbonic acid gas may be then admitted on to the surface of the beer in the first
receiver B. from a high pressure of CO, gas storage tube C, controlled by a
pressure reducing valve E, and the beer is forced into an adjoining saturator or
carbonator F, also preferably of copper silver-plated, and provided with a perforated
nozzle G, to spray the beer as it falls in said carbonator.
The said carbonator is already filled with an atmosphere of CO, from another gas
storage tube H, in Fig. 1. controlled by a reducing valve K ;-or the CO, may be
supplied from the first named gas cylinder C, as in Fig. 2, through a reducing
valve K.
The original gas charge in the first pressure receiver B, when the beer has been
thereby discharged into the saturator F, is not wasted, but is admitted as in Fig. 1.
into a receiver D, of larger volume, where it is expanded to a proper pressure for
admission into the casks to deliver the beer therefrom.
It is found convenient, in some cases, to raise the first pressure receiver B, to a
considerable height above the saturator vessel F, as shewn in Fig. 2. so that the
beer may be delivered by gravitation to the saturator F.
In this case, as it is not advisable to use further pressure of the CO, to lift the
beer this distance, an exhaust pump L is used to exhaust the gas from the
receiver B, by the tube d, when the beer has been discharged from it to
the saturator F; the beer from the casks being thus lifted into the receiver B,
with a small pressure of gas in the casks, such as atmospheric pressure.
The gas thus exhausted by the pump L from the receiver B, may be returned
direct to the casks by the tube e or to an intermediate receiver D as described
and shown in Fig. 1.
To prevent the exhaust pump F. from drawing beer from the receiver B, the
suction inlet to the pump is controlled by a ball tap M, in the receiver B, which
is thus self-closing when the beer stands at a desired level in the receiver.
With a sufficient fall from the receiver B to the saturator F. (as in Figure 2) no
further application of CO2 is necessary to the receiver B, to cause discharge of the
beer into the saturator F, but the beer falls by gravitation.
The beer when thoroughly carbonated in the saturator is ready for bottling, and
I employ an improved bottling head O, and valve Q, Figs. 1 and 3, which may be
arranged in a series, to fill several bottles simultaneously, and which may be used in
conjunction with a hand-bar N. or treadle, to hold the bottle up, by the sliding foot
rest P, in the case when the neck of the bottle is not screwed.
This improved bottling head is provided with a valve f, Figure 3 operated to
open by a lever R, coming in contact with the neck of the bottle, as it is pressed or
screwed upwards to the bottling bead, and this valve admits CO, into the interior
of the bottle to displace the air, and to render its internal pressure nearly or quite
uniform with the internal pressure of the saturator.
The beer is admitted to the bottle by a tube S entering into the lower part of the
bottle & connected flexibly to the bottom of the saturator F.
The tube S is held by the cross head T. in connection with the sliding hand
bar N, which also works the foot-rest P. to bring the bottle up to the bottling
nozzle. Upon the syphon tube S is also a cock U. with a forked lever V. which
engages on a pin on the fixed bottling frame, and thus opens and closes the beer
supply as the bottle is applied to and removed from the filling nozzle.
The beer thus falls quickly, but quietly without frothing by gravity, down the
supply tube into the bottle under a uniform pressure and the mixed air and Co,
gas, as it is displaced by the beer, is not allowed to go back to the saturator, but is
snifted away by a suitable cock, and represents the only waste of gas employed in
the process. This bottling head is applicable to any bottling process under
pressure.
The bottle is then unscrewed or removed gently from the bottling stand, so that
it does not produce frothing in the beer, and the beer will be found in a clear and
sparkling condition for corking, and can be bottled at any desired pressure without
frothing.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. An improved process for carbonating and bottling beer or other beverages,
consisting in the employment of a continual atmosphere of CO, upon the beer or
liquid from the cask to the bottle, a complete manipulation of the beer or liquid
from the cask to the bottle without the agitation or pumping of the beer or liquid
itself, and the effective carbonating of the beer or liquid by discharge in the form
of spray into a compressed atmosphere of CO₂, first before bottling, substantially as
.herein described.
2nd. To effect the carbonating and bottling of beer or other beverages, casks or
vessels containing the beer or liquid, a first receiving vessel, and a saturating or
-carbonating vessel, all in communication, through reducing valves, with a reservoir
tube of compressed CO,, in combination with a bottling head and automatic valves
thereon, substantially as and for the purposes described.
.
3rd. To effect the carbonating and bottling of beer or other beverages, casks or
vessels containing the beer or liquid, a first receiving vessel elevated to give a head
above a saturating vessel, an exhaust pump connected to said receiving vessel, a
.saturating vessel and suitable connections and reducing valves to reservoir tube of
compressed CO2, in combination with a bottling head and automatic valves thereon,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
4th. In a carbonating and bottling apparatus for beer or other beverages, an
automatically acting bottling head, having a pivotal lever receiving the neck of the
bottle, and operating, by the thrust of the bottle, a gas valve, to admit CO, to the
bottle, whilst the same is being filled by the beer or other liquid, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
5th. The apparatus for the carbonating and bottling of beer or other beverages,
substantially as described and illustrated herewith.
Dated this 6th day of July 1894.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.