IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND MILLING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: 1
LETTERS PATENT to William Ford Smith, and Arthur Coventry, of Gresley
Iron Works Salford in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND
MILLING MACHINES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ford Smith &
Arthur Coventry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
12th December 1882.
WILLIAM FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY of Gresley Iron Works Salford
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND MILLING MACHINES,"
Firstly, Our invention relates to planing machines, and our improvements are or
may be combined with those improvements in planing machines for which Letters
Patent were granted to us Numbered 290 and dated 21st day of January 1872,
and may also be combined with ordinary arrangements of planing machines, and
our invention consists in combinations and arrangements of mechanism by which
the tool box and slides are or may be adjusted, as required, and proper movements
for actuating the tool box and giving the "feed" for the cut are imparted by
gearing and other arrangements dispensing with ropes or "catgut" commonly
used for the purpose.
There is a vertical shaft in suitable bearings which is connected with a shaft
having borns secured upon it that are acted upon by stops on the table of the
machine at each end of its stroke, these stops produce a given oscillation to and
fro in the said vertical shaft, which has a key groove in it that fits the boss of the
segment of a bevel wheel that can slide upon the vertical shaft, and thus receive
from it oscillating motion.
The boss of the segmental bevel wheel is in bearings in the cross slide that passes
in front between the two uprights of the machine, and as the slide moves up and
down the boss of the segmental bevel wheel slides upon the said vertical shaft.
This segmental bevel gears with another one having its bearing on a stud secured
in a part from the cross slide, and this latter segmental bevel has a spur wheel
secured upon its boss, that gears with a larger spur wheel on another stud carried
by the cross slide and this large wheel gears with a small spur wheel.on.the.end

page_text: -
of a shaft having bearings in the cross slide and extending across it, about the
middle of the cross slide between its top and bottom edge.
This cross shaft has a key groove to fit the boss of a cone which fits the boss of
a bevel wheel
The cone has adjustments by which the friction between the cone and boss are
regulated.
The bevel wheel is arranged in connection with the saddle on the cross slide for
the tool box so that as the saddle slides along the cross slide, to and fro, the bevel
wheel will be moved accordingly upon the cross shaft.
This bevel wheel gears with one on a short shaft, having bearings in the saddle,
which short shaft has secured at its other end a segmental bevel that gears with
another on a tubular shaft having bearings in the "fiddle" part which swivels round
the short shaft as a centre.
The tubular shaft has a key or keyway so that it can slide in the boss of the
segmental bevel wheel which has bearings in the fiddle part.
By this means oscillations are conveyed to the tubular shaft which at its upper.
end has a segmental lever secured to it having a stop at one end, and this stop is
acted upon by a stop adjustable in a segmental slot in another segmental lever free
to oscillate round the tubular shaft as a centre or round the screw which enters
the tubular shaft.
The free segmental lever to which more or less oscillation can be imparted by
adjusting the stop carries à pawl and a spring bolt arrangement, that acts upon the
boss of the pawl to keep it in or out of gear with the teeth of a ratchet wheel
loose on the screw shaft, having bearings in the slide upon the fiddle part, but
this ratchet is connected to rotate the screw by a key and key groove and this
arrangement gives the vertical "feed" or movement of the tool box on the "fiddle"
part.
At the lower end of the tubular shaft a cam is secured which acts upon a bolt
or rod sliding endways in bearings in the tool box slide in a direction perpendicular
to the face of the cross slide.
There is a spring round this slide bolt that moves it inwards again after being
acted upon by the cam on the tubular, shaft and this slide bolt acts to give
oscillation to the tool box when the table is making its back stroke.
But when the tool box is to remain without oscillation it is secured by a sliding
pin as the spring on the sliding bolt permits it to give way with oscillating the
tool box.
There are stops which prevent the tubular shaft from oscillating beyond a given
extent and when the fiddle part is adjusted to different angles, the friction cone
arrangement hereinbefore mentioned gives way and adjusts itself to the new
position of the fiddle part...
:
The spur wheel connected with the 'segmental bevel wheel oscillating on a stud
hereinbefore mentioned is also connected with an arm or lever having a slot in it
which by a rod is connected with another lever or frame oscillating upon the stud
carrying the large spur wheel herein before mentioned.
This lever frame carries one or two ordinary feeding pawls that act upon spur
wheels free on the stud for the lever frame, and each of these gears with a spur
pinion fast upon the end of a screw having bearings in the cross slide, and each
screw actuates a saddle for a tool:box, if two or more are used on the same cross
slide.
When there are two or more tool boxes on the same cross slide the gearing
between the cross shaft and tool box hereinbefore described is repeated for eacli
tool box.
Another improvement relates to the slide which carries the belt guide, and
consists in jointing a lever to a part of the framing, the free end of this lever having
a bowl upon it that is pressed by a spring acting upon the lever against the slide
for the belt guide which has an incline.. V or notch at each extreme of the move-
ment of the slide into which notches the bowl enters, and this arrangement acts to
1.

page_text: bring and hold the slide when moved to the correct position for keeping the driving
belt properly upon the driving pulleys during the time between each change of
position.
Secondly, Our invention relates to a combination or to combinations of mechanism
for "milling "and planing.
The machine is constructed upon the planing machine type. It has a bed with
slideways for a table moved to and fro by a toothed rack upon the table and a
shaft across and in bearings in the bed having a pinion upon it geared with the
rack on the table.
The table is or may be slided to and fro by a hand wheel in connection with the
shaft across the bed, or by worm and worm wheel and clutch and reversing gearing
which when required is reversed by a stop on the table, and this gearing is driven
by "speed pulleys" on a short shaft and a belt from corresponding "speed pulleys"
from a shaft at the upper part of the machine
There are two uprights from the bed one on each side to which a cross slide is
secured, and upon this cross slide there is a saddle slide to move horizontally on the
cross slide, and upon this saddle slide there is a vertical slide to carry the lower
bearing of the vertical milling spindle.
There is a screw shaft and hand wheel for sliding the saddle slide to and fro
horizontally which is moved by selfacting arrangements when required; and there
is also a screw geared by bevel wheels with a horizontal shaft for moving the slide
for the milling spindle vertically up and down.
There are "speed pulleys" for the driving belt on a hollow shaft. which rotates
in bearings in an arm from the cross slide, and in the hollow shaft there is a solid
shaft connected with it by a key and key groove, the other end of this solid shaft
rotates in a bearing on the saddle for the cross slide, and thus the solid shaft is in
rotary connection with the driving pulleys in every position of the saddle as it can
slide through the hollow shaft.
On the end of the solid shaft there is a small bevel pinion that gears with a
bevel wheel the boss of which rotates in bearings on the cross slide for the milling
spindle which can slide through the boss of the bevel wheel being connected
therewith by a key and key groove.
For planing purposes the tool, or any suitable tool box for the planing tool is
secured to the lower part of the vertical slide for the milling shaft.
There are screw adjustable stops both for the vertical and horizontal slides which
can be set as stops to limit the extent of cuts when a number of the same articles
are to be operated upon..
1.
Another improvement consists in combining a simple or a compound chuck with
and so that it is, or may be secured and adjusted upon the table of the machine.:
This chuck is a short vertical shaft in bearings in a frame or bed upon which
shaft a worm wheel is secured gearing with a worm on a shaft turned by a handle,
this shaft carrying an index for showing the extent of rotation of the chuck-
which is or may also be provided with adjustable stops to limit the extent of
angular movement given to the chuck.
In some cases the axis of this chuck has a face plate and in some cases compound
slides are carried on the face plate by which the centres of the article secured upon
the slide is or may be changed as required and the compound are also provided
with adjustable stops for limiting the movements or cuts.
Stops are arranged in some cases for the table and in other cases adjustable stops
are or may be made to rotate or slide or be otherwise arranged to be used in
succession to give different limits of depth or extent of cut as required.
The lubricating fluid for the mills is received into a cistern formed in the bed
of the machine and is pumped from this cistern by a small centrifugal pump and
passes through a tube to the cutter or mill. The pump is driven by a belt and fast
and loose pulley so that it can be readily stopped and started as required."
L

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Ford Smith & Arthur Coventry in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th June 1883..
WILLIAM FORD SMITH, and ARTHUR COVENTRY of Gresley Iron Works, Salford,
in the County of Lancaster Engineers, and Tool Makers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPLICABLE TO PLANING AND MILLING MACHINES,"
Firstly, Our invention relates to planing machines and our improvements are or
may, be combined with those improvements in planing machines for which Letters
Patent were granted to us Numbered 290 and dated 21st day of January 1872,
and may also be combined with ordinary arrangements of planing machines, and
our invention consists, in combinations, and arrangements of mechanism by which
the tool box and slides are or may be adjusted as required, and proper movements
for actuating the tool box and giving the "feed" for the cut are imparted by
gearing, and other arrangements dispensing with ropes or "catgut" commonly used
for the purpose.
Our improvements under this head are illustrated by Fig 1 a front elevation,
fig 2 a plan, fig 3 a cross section on an enlarged scale; fig 4 a detached plan
section, and fig 5 an end view, in each of which figures so much of the parts of a
planing machine are shown as will be necessary to explain our invention..
In fig 1 a is the bed prepared with flat square slideways for the table b having
corresponding slides as described in the specification of our aforesaid Letters Patent
No. 290, AD 1872.
There is a vertical shaft d in suitable bearings which is connected by a rod c'
to oscillate with a shaft c (in bearings on the bed) having horns c² secured upon it
that are acted. upon by adjustable stops on the table of the machine, at each end
of its stroke, these stops produce a given oscillation. to and fro in the said vertical
shaft d which has a key groove in it that fits the boss of the segment of a bevel
wheel d' that can slide upon the vertical shaft d, and thus receive from it oscillating
motion.
The boss of the segmental bevel wheel d' is in bearings in the cross slide e that
passes in front between the two uprights a¹ of the machine, and as the slide e
moves up and down, the boss of the segmental bevel wheel d' slides upon the said
vertical shaft d.
This segmental bevel d' gears with another one d² having its bearing on a stud №³
secured in a part from the cross slide e, and this latter segmental bevel d² has a
spur wheel d secured upon its boss that gears with a large spur wheel d³ on
another stud de carried by the cross slide, and this large wheel gears with a small
spur wheel d' on the end of a shaft f having bearings in the cross slide and
extending across it about the middle of the cross slide between its top and
bottom edge.
This cross shaft has a key groove to fit the boss of a cone f¹ which fits the
boss of a bevel wheel f-(see fig 4).
The cone has adjustments by which the friction between the cone and boss are
regulated, that is; the small end of the cone has a screw nut f³ the boss of which
is made to press against a thin elastic steel disc ƒª that rests against the enlarged
end of the boss of the wheel the pressure of the screw fs upon the disc with more
or less force increases or decreases the friction between the cones. :
The bevel wheel f2 is arranged in connection with the saddle g on the cross
slide e for the tool box so that as the saddle g.slides along the cross slide e to and
fro the bevel wheel f2 will be moved accordingly upon the cross shaft of the bevel
having its bearing in a projection from the saddle..

page_text: This bevel wheel gears with one on a short shaft g¹ having bearings in the saddle;
which short shaft has secured at its other end a segmental bevel g* that gears
with another on a tubular shaft g2 having bearings in the "fiddle part" h which
Bwivels round-the short shaft g¹ or a boss round it as a centre (see fig 3).
The tubular shaft g² has a key or keyway lengthway so that it can slide in the
boss of the segmental bevel wheel which has bearings in the fiddle part h.
By this means oscillations are conveyed to the tubular shaft g' which at its upper
end has a segmental lever g³ secured to it having a stop.at one end and this stop
is acted upon by a stop adjustable in a segmental slot in another segmental lever g
free to oscillate round the tubular shaft g³ as a centre, or round the screw g³ which
enters the tubular shaft as shown in fig 3.
The free segmental lever g' to which more or less oscillation can be imparted by.
adjusting the stop 9 carries a pawl g' and a spring bolt arrangement that acts upon
the boss of the pawl to keep it in or out of gear with the teeth of a ratchet wheel g³
loose on the screw shaft having bearings in the slide upon the fiddle part / but this
ratchet is connected to rotate the screw g³ by a key and key groove and this
arrangement gives the vertical feed or movement of the tool box on the "fiddle" part.
At the lower end of the tubular shaft g' a cam go is secured which acts upon a
bolt or rod ix sliding endways in bearings in the tool box slide in a direction
perpendicular to the face of the cross slide, arranged as shown in fig 3.
There is a spring round this slide bolt i which comes against a shoulder on the
bolt at the inner end and against a collar sliding on the end of the bolt which
collar is kept in its place on the bolt by a screw nut and when the slide
bolt is acted upon by the cam 9° on the tubular shaft g2 the movement is trans-
mitted through the spring and collar so as to give oscillation to the tool box i when
the table is making its back stroke (the tool box oscillating on the centre 2). But
when the tool box i is to remain without oscillation it is secured by a sliding pin i?
(see fig 1) passing through a hole in the side of the slide carrying the tool box and
entering one in the oscillating tool box as the spring on the sliding bolt is then
compressed by the action of the cam and gives way without oscillating the tool
box-The line x fig 1 represents one side of the tool box slide.
There are stops which prevent the tubular shaft g' from oscillating. beyond a
given extent, and when the fiddle part h is adjusted to different angles the friction
cone arrangement f' and f' herein before mentioned, slips and gives way and adjusts.
itself to the new position of the fiddle part h.
The spur wheel d' connected with the segmental bevel wheel oscillating on a stud
hereinbefore mentioned is also connected with an arm or lever d³ having a slot
in it which by a rod d is connected with another lever or frame j oscillating upon
the stud de carrying the large spur wheels herein before mentioned.
This lever frame j carries one or two ordinary feeding pawls that act upon spur
wheels free on a stud de for the lever frame and each of these gears with a spur.
pinion fast upon the end of a screw j¹ having bearings in the cross slide e and each
screw actuates a saddle for a tool box if two or more are used on the same cross>
slide e.
When there are two or more tool boxes on the same cross slide e the gearing
between the cross shaft f and tool box hereinbefore described is repeated for each.
tool box.
Another improvement relates to the slide k (see figs 1 and 2) which carries the.
belt guide k and consists in jointing a lever to a part of the framing (at l¹) a
projection from the free end of this lever having a bowl 2 upon it that is pressed.
by a spring 13 acting upon the lever against the slide for the belt guide which
has an incline V or notch at each extreme of the movement of the slide k into which
notches the bowl enters, and this arrangement acts to bring and hold the slide k
when moved to the correct position for keeping the driving belt properly upon the.
driving pulleys m during the time between each change of position.
The slide k is connected by a rod kª with an arm c* on the shaft c.
Secondly. Our invention relates to a combination or to combinations of mechanism
:

page_text: for "milling" and planing illustrated by fig 6 a. front elevation, and fig 7 a plan
view, and other views hereinafter referred to...
The machine is constructed upon the planing machine type It has a bed a with
slideways for a table b moved to and fro by a toothed rack b¹ upon the table and a
shaft c across and in bearings in the bed having a pinion upon it geared with the
rack, on the table.
The table bis or may be slided to and fro by a hand wheel c¹ in connection with
the shaft c across the bed, or by worm and worm wheel and clutch and reversing
gearing, which when required is reversed by stops on the table, and this gearing is
driven by "speed pulleys" on a short shaft and a belt from corresponding speed
pulleys from a shaft at the upper part of the machine, more particularly described
as follows.
Fig 8 is a detached side elevation partly in section on an enlarged scale to show
some of the mechanism above referred.to.
93 fig 6 are speed pulleys on a shaft g² at the upper part of the machine herein-
after referred to, and they drive by a belt corresponding speed pulleys k on another
shaft in bearings on a bracket on the side framing, and upon the inner end of
this shaft there is a pinion that gears with a wheel k² on the end of a shaft k³
across the bed and having bearings thereon.
On the other end of this shaft there is a bevel pinion which gears with two
separate bevel wheels and in bearings on the side of the bed (see fig 8) and
a hollow. bush. 7. can rotate freely in the axes of the bevel wheels and k³, and
inside this bush there is a central solid shaft which has two bosses keyed upon
it with clutch teeth on one face, each to correspond with clutch teeth on the ends
of the bosses 12 and 13 of the bevel wheels k and , the clutches on the central
shaft being arranged so that by moving it endways one clutch or the other is
brought into gear with the clutch on the boss of one of the bevel wheels.
The solid shaft has a worm upon it and connected to rotate with it by a key
and key groove but the boss of the worm runs in a bearing on the side of the bed,
so that the worm can freely rotate but cannot move endways.
The worm gears with a worm wheel c² loose on the shaft c and the boss of the
worm wheel c² has a cone formed in it to fit a cone c³ fast on the shaft c..
The hand wheel c¹ is connected to rotate with the shaft c by a key and key
groove, and thus to slide endways upon the shaft c so that by a wing screw nut c¹
on the end of the shaft c the hand wheel, c¹ when required can be forced against the
worm wheel c² and the latter against the cone c³ fast on the shaft c, and thus the
shaft c can be either rotated by the hand wheel c¹ or by the worm wheel c³.
The solid shaft l' is slided endways to bring the clutches in and out of gear by a
clutch fork lever centred at 7º.
: One arm from the lever 15 acts upon a vertical sliding bolt in suitable guides,
and the upper end of this bolt has inclines formed upon it for stops adjustable in a
slot in the side of the table b to act upon, one of these stops 18 has an incline to
come under one incline on the sliding bolt and move it upwards, and the other
stop has a reverse incline to act upon another incline on the sliding bolt and
push it downwards and so on as required, and by this means the direction of
rotation of the worm and thus the table b reversed.
There are two uprights a from the bed one on each side to which a cross slide d
is secured, and upon this cross slide there is a saddle slide e to move horizontally
on the cross slide d and upon this saddle slide e there is a vertical slide f to carry
the lower bearing of the vertical milling spindle f¹.
в
There is a screw shaft d' and hand wheel d² for sliding the saddle slide e to and
fro horizontally which is moved by selfacting arrangements when required, and
there is also a screw f² geared by bevel wheels with a horizontal shaft f³ for
moving the slide for the milling spindle f¹ vertically up and down.
There are speed pulleys g for the driving belt on a hollow shaft g¹ which rotates
in bearings in an arm dx from the, cross slide d, and in the hollow shaft there is a
solid shaft g² connected with it by a key and key groove, the other end of this

page_text: solid shaft rotates in a bearing e¹ on the saddle e and thus the solid shaft is in
rotary connection with the driving pulleys g in every position of the saddle e as it
can slide through the hollow shaft g¹.
On the end of the solid shaft g there is a small bevel pinion that gears with a
bevel wheel f¹ the boss of which rotates in bearings on the saddle e for the milling
spindle which can slide through the boss of the bevel wheel f* being connected
therewith by a key and key groove.
For planing purposes the tool h or any suitable tool box for the planing tool is
secured by dove tail bolts in cross slots in the lower part of the vertical slide ƒ for
the milling shaft.
.
There are screw adjustable stops both for the vertical and horizontal.slides which
can be set as stops to limit the extent of cuts to.be made when a number of the
same articles are to be operated upon; i, are screw stops on a horizontal screw ¿¹.
carried in the slide e, and the edges of the slide e come against the screw nut stops,
and are screw nut stops on the vertical screw 2 carried in the slide f which come
against the projection e* in the slide e.
Another improvement consists in combining a simple or compound chuck with,
and so that it is, or may be secured and adjusted upon the table of the machine::
The simple chuck is shown in elevation by fig 9 and in plan by fig.10.
This chuck is a short vertical shaft in bearings in a frame or bed k upon which
shaft a worm wheel is secured gearing with a worm on a shaft k² turned by a
handle, this shaft carrying upon it a disc ³ the edge of which forms an index for
showing the extent of rotation of the chuck, which is or may also be provided with
adjustable stops to limit the extent of angular movement given to: the chuck.
In some cases the axis of this chuck has a face plate * and in, some cases
compound slides of ordinary construction shown by fig 11 are carried on the face-:
plate by which the centres of the article. secured upon the upper slide of the
compound slide is or may be changed as required and the compound slides are or
may also be provided with adjustable stops for limiting the movements or extent
of the cuts. Stops are arranged in some cases for the table b and in other cases
adjustable stops are or may be made to rotate or slide or be otherwise arranged
to be used in succession to give different limits of depth or extent of cut as
required.
The lubricating fluid for the mills is received into a cistern formed in the bed a
of the machine, and this cistern communicates with the inlet to a small centrifugal
pump and passes from it at a through a flexible tube to the cutter or mill. The
pump is driven by a belt on a pulley on a counter driving shaft, and working on
the fast and loose pulleys x on a shaft 2 in bearings in a bracket secured to the
bed, and this belt is traversed by a belt guide on a oscillating shaft x* parallel to
the bed so that it can be readily stopped and started as required.
The pump is driven by a band from a V grooved pulley x³ on the shaft x²
which works on a small V grooved pulley on the spindle or axis of the centrifugal
pump.
We have now particularly described the nature of our said invention and the
manner in which the same is to be carried into effect and claim as our invention.
Firstly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for planing, substan-
tially as herein before described and illustrated by figs 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the
drawings.
"
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism by which movements
are conveyed to the slides, and mechanism carrying the tool or cutter, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 1, 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism by which adjusting
and selfacting movements are imparted to the slides and mechanism carrying the
tools or cutters, when two or more cutters are operated upon the same cross
slide e, substantially as hereinbefore described in reference to figs 1, 3, 4 and 5 of
the drawings.

page_text: Fourthly. The frictional adjustment arrangements or its equivalent for trans-
mitting motion from the shaft (f) to the shaft g2, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated more particularly by fig 4 of the drawings.
Fifthly. The combination of a lever, carrying a bowl, which lever is pressed upon
by a spring to cause the bowl to press upon the edge of the belt guide slide and
enter a notch or notches therein, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by figs 1 and 2 of the drawings.
Sixthly. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for "milling" and
planing, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 6, 7 and 8 of
the drawings.
Seventhly. The combination and arrangement of the slides and mechanism for
carrying, rotating and adjusting the "milling" spindle, substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by figs 6 and 7 of the drawings.
Eighthly. The combination and arrangement of the table and bed, and the
mechanism for actuating and adjusting the same, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by figs 6, 7 and 8 of the drawings.
Ninthly. The combination of rotary chuck with the table (b) and mechanism for
adjusting the same, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
reference to figs.9.and 10 of the drawings.
Tenthly. The combination of the table (b) a rotary chuck and compound
slides upon it, substantially as herein before described in reference to figs 9, 10 and
11 of the drawings.
Eleventhly. The combination of adjustable screw or other stops to limit the
extent of movements or cuts, substantially as herein before described.
Twelfthly. The combination and arrangement of the centrifugal pump and
mechanism for driving and stopping and starting the same with the milling
mechanism, as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs 6 and 7 of the
drawings.
:
In Witness whereof I the said William Ford Smith on my own behalf, and
on behalf of the said Arthur Coventry, have hereunto set my hand and
seal this sixth day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.