IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PAPER AND IN MACHINES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Law, of Constonholm Paper Mill, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAPER AND IN MACHINES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Law at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1879.
WILLIAM LAW, of Constonholm Paper Mill, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN MACHINES
OR ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of
manufacturing double or three ply paper, for making paper mill wrappers, paper
bags, paper hangings, and many other purposes where a fine surface is required, of
any desired shade or colour, over a strong body paper or pulp of coarser material
on one or both sides, all made in two, or it may be three thicknesses of pulp or film
direct in the web, and by improved construction or arrangement of paper making
machinery or machines, while being manufactured, all in a more efficient manner,
with greater economy than has heretofore been done. The nature and novelty of
the Invention consist (for a two thickness or surface paper) in making the upper
thickness and surface, say, of the finer quality of pulp and colour desired, all in a
usual manner in an ordinary Fourdrinier machine along the endless wire or sieve
web from the breast roll to the delivery couch rolls, from the under one of which
this damp web of paper is delivered on to the body web of paper made from an
inferior or lower fibre or material and colour formed in an ordinary or corresponding
arrangement of Fourdrinier machine below it. The finer surface paper being laid
on to the lower body paper, preferably after it has passed the first, or it might be
the second section box of the wire web, when a considerable portion of the water
would be extracted from the body web of paper before leading the two layers or
thicknesses together, after which both layers would be carried forward as one
through the couch rolls of the lower body making machine and press rolls, and bo
completed and delivered in the same manner as an ordinary single film or layer

page_text: paper. Or otherwise, the upper fine surface and colour web of paper might be led
and carried while yet damp from the couch rolls of its machine over an endless
carrying blanket carried on guide rollers above, and so as to join on to the damp
body web of lower priced material below it at any convenient position before both
webs are led through the press rolls, which press and deliver them in the form of a
single web to the drying and delivery rollers. Or the inferior quality of web pulp
and colour of material may be made in the upper Fourdrinier inachine, and be led
down on to the finer quality and surface web, or this led up to it, and both joined
and led on in their damp state through the couch and press rolls, or the latter only,
all otherwise substantially as herein before described. And for making this as a three
ply paper with a fine surface on both sides of the central web cheaper or low class
body web; a third Fourdrinier machine would be used for producing and carrying
forward the second or additional fine surface coloured web or layer on its endless
wire sieve or strainer, from the couch rolls of which it would be led up or down, as
the case may be, to join the central web after it was partially strained and still
damp, all as before described in reference to the first surface layer before the whole
three layers were passed through the press rolls to form then into one solid web
paper before reaching the drying and delivery rollers of this compound arrange-
ment of paper making machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Law in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th December
1879.
WILLIAM LAW, of Constonholm Paper Mill, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN MACHINES
OR ARRANGEMENTS OF MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREOF."
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of manu-
facturing double or three ply paper, for inaking paper mill wrappers, paper bags, paper
hangings, and for many other purposes where a fine surface is required on one or
both sides, of any desired shade or colour, on or over a strong body paper or pulp
of coarser material, all made in two, or it might be three thicknesses of pulp film
direct in the web; and by an improved construction or arrangement of paper
making machinery or machines while being manufactured, all in a more efficient
manner, with greater economy than has heretofore been done.
And in order that the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my said Inven-
tion and improvements may be properly understood I shall now proceed to describe
the Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for that purpose, and
which represents a transverse section of one arrangement or combination of the
parts of paper making machinery for making two ply paper, all in accordance with
and illustrative of one modification of my said Invention or improvements.
Referring to the said Drawing, the nature, novelty, and mode of performing or

page_text: putting my said Invention into effect or practice consist all as follows:-In this
first instance for making a two ply or double thickness and different surface paper
the upper thickness or layer surface, say of the finer quality, would be made of the
finely prepared pulp and colour desired, all in a usual manner in an ordinary
Fourdrinier machine, as shown at the upper part of the Figure, having the pulp
fed from the regulating supply box A on to the endless wire or sieve web B, from
the breast roll to the delivery couch rolls b', 61, 61, all so far fitted as usual with
bearing and tightening rolls c, c, and c', below the web sievo B, and with the deckle
strap C and its carrying pulleys C¹, C, and fittings C, and water suction drying
box D. The upper layer or thickness of fine paper so formed' in a damp state
is by one arrangement delivered as hereinafter described from the under couch
roller bon to the body web of paper Z, made from an inferior or "lower" fibre or
material and colour as desired, formed in an ordinary or corresponding arrange-
ment of Fourdrinier paper making machine; in this Drawing and combination
fitted below the former machine, with its feeding regulating pulp box A', sieve
web B¹, and its breast and couch rolls b, b, 63, 64, and carrying and tightening
rolls c², c³, aud c³, below, and deckle strap C, and carrying pulleys C, C, above,
all much of an ordinary character. By one simple arrangement of these improve-
ments the upper layer z is laid on to the lower layer of body paper Z, preferably
after the latter has passed the first water suction box D¹, or it might be the second
one D of the wire sieve or web B¹, that is, after a considerable portion of the
water has been extracted from the body web of paper Z before leading the two
layers or thicknesses 2, Z, together, as indicated by the dotted lines at 2¹, where the
upper paper web is dropped down on to, and so laid regularly on the upper sur-
face of the lower web of body paper Z, from which point the two layers would be
carried forward as one web through the couch rolls 6s, 6s, 6, of the lower body
paper making machine, and the usual pressure and drying hot rolls so as to be
completed and delivered in the same manner as an ordinary single film or layer
paper, that is, from the point 2¹ where the two layers z, Z, are joined.
By another improved arrangement the upper fine surface web paper z, tinted or
coloured as desired, is led and carried while yet damp from the couch rolls 61, 611
of its machine, by the guide rollers a, a¹, on to the endless carrying blanket a",
passed round the guide rollers a², mounted on bearing brackets a³ with a tightening
shifting roller all, all above, and so as to be led and joined on to the damp body
web Z of lower priced material below it at any convenient position, as preferably
on to the upper couch rolls 6, so as to be laid by it evenly on to the lower body
web Z, at 2, as it is passing between or over the under couch rollers 6ª, 63, all before
both webs are led through the pressing and finishing rolls of the machine which
deliver it as in the first arrangement as a finished single web of paper made in two
layers.
When desired the inferior quality of web paper and colour of material Z may be
made in the upper Fourdrinier machine, and be laid down on to the finer quality
and surface web z, as described, or it might be led up to this, and both joined and
led on in their damp state through the couch or other rolls of the upper mechanism
to the pressing and finishing rolls of the machine, and finished otherwise, substan-
tially as herein before described.
And for making this new or improved paper as a three ply paper with a fine
surface on both sides of the central, cheaper, or low class body web Z in accordance
with these improvements, a third Fourdrinier machine would be used for producing
and carrying forward the second or additional fine surface or coloured web or layer on
its endless wire sieve or strainer, from the couch rolls of which it would be led up
or down, as the case may be, and as herein-before described, to join the central web
after it is partially strained and still damp, either at the same or a different part
from where it is joined on to the first surface layer, all otherwise substan-
tially as herein-before described in reference to the first arrangement for joining
the two layers, from which point or part the whole three layers are passed through
the pressing blanket rolls to form them into one solid web paper before reaching

page_text: the drying, finishing, and delivery rollers of this new or improved arrangement
of compound paper-making machines, and so delivered in one web as in the former
cases described.
It will be observed that in the Drawings I have only shown that part of the
paper making machine or mechanism for producing the wet or damp pulping web,
and in which the new or improved arrangement consists, leaving out that connected
with the pressing, drying, finishing, and delivery rollers of the machine, which, being
the same as in other ordinary paper making machines, and so well known to paper
makers and machinists, that it is unnecessary to show these parts.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention or improvements, and
the mode and means or arrangements for performing or putting the same into
effect or practice, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise details
of the arrangements which I have had occasion to show in the accompanying
Drawings, but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The modes and means of and combination of mechanism for the manu-
facture or making of double or three ply paper in a single web before leaving
the paper making machine, all substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in the accompanying Drawing, or any mere modification thereof.
Second. The mode and means of putting two or three different plies of paper
together in a sufficiently damp state to adhere and be made into a single web sheet
of paper before leaving the paper making machine, all substantially as herein
described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings or any mere
modification thereof.
Third. The combination and use of two or three Fourdrinier paper making
machines, or endless wire gauze, or web pulp strainers, or shake frames, and all their
ordinary fittings for the making of double or three ply paper in a single web before
leaving the paper making machine, all substantially as herein described in reference
to and shown in the accompanying Drawings or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Law, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
WILLIAM LAW. (L.S.)