IM- BRANDERS IN ADDADATING POD RepricedaTING AND HEATING LIQUIDS' PRO
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Mathews, of Eshald Well Brewery, Oulton,
near Leeds, in the County of York, Brewer, for the Invention of "IM-
BRANDERS IN ADDADATING POD RepricedaTING AND HEATING LIQUIDS'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Mathews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
July 1859.
I, DAVID MATHEWS, of Eshald Well Brewery, Oulton, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING AND HEATING LIQUIDS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
refrigerator, equally applicable as a heater or evaporator, whereby greater
simplicity of construction and efficiency of action are combined, with the
advantage of an entirely self-acting apparatus.
According to one arrangement, I propose to construct a long cast-iron or
other trough, divided longitudinally down the centre (so as to form two
channels) to within a short distance of one end, and to make the bottom of
these channels one continuous incline. On this inclined bottom rests a series
of longitudinal light tinned, copper, or other refrigerating pipes, connected at
each end, by ground union joints, to boxes placed at each end of the trough.
Suitable chains, tackle, and counterweights are employed for raising these
pipes and boxes bodily out of the trough when required for cleaning or for

page_text: repairs. The pipes pass on their way from one box to the other through
transverse bars or bridges, which not only serve to keep them individually in
their proper places, but act as dams or stops to the wort or other liquid to be
cooled as it flows down the continuous incline of the trough, and thereby
ensures the refrigerating pipes being perfectly covered with a thin stream of
liquid, whilst at the same time these bars or bridges support the lengths of
pipes when elevated. When the operation of cooling or refrigerating is to be
effected, the liquid to be treated is allowed to flow along the trough over the
outsides of the refrigerating pipes, through which pipes and their connecting
boxes cold water is forced in the contrary direction to the flow of the liquid in
the trough, which latter passes off at the lowest end of the inclined bottom
through a suitable discharge pipe. The inlet and outlet pipes of the refri-
gerator are respectively connected with the boxes at the top and lowest
portion of the inclined bottom, and are attached thereto by means of flexible
pipes, easily detachable when it is requisite to raise the refrigerators. The
bridges or transverse bars above referred to have small arches cut in their
under sides, to allow the liquid to drain off when the supply ceases. It is
obvious that by passing steam, surcharged or otherwise, through the pipes in
the trough, the liquid flowing along the same may be heated or evaporated.
It is obvious that the construction of apparatus herein-before referred to, may
be considerably modified, as, for example, one long trough might be employed
in lieu of a double trough, and these troughs might be of a circular form in
place of rectilinear; but in all cases the liquid to be treated flows outside the
cooling or beating pipes, and in a contrary direction to the flow of the fluid
or steam therein.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Mathews in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
MATHEWS, of Eshald Well Brewery, Oulton, near Leeds, in the County of
York, Brewer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said David Mathews, Her special license that I, the said David

page_text: Mathews, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said David Mathews, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REFRIGERATING AND HEATING LIQUIDS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Mathews, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Mathews, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
refrigerator equally applicable as a heater or evaporator, whereby greater
simplicity of construction and efficiency of action are combined with the
advantage of an entirely self-acting apparatus.
According to one arrangement, I propose to construct a long cast-iron,
weod, or other trough, divided longitudinally down the centre (so as to form
two channels) to within a short distance of one end, and to make the bottom
of these channels one continuous incline. On this inclined bottom rests a
series of longitudinal light tinned, copper, or other refrigerating pipes con-
nected at each end by ground union joints to boxes placed at each end of the
trough. Suitable chains, tackle, and counterweights are employed for raising
these pipes and boxes bodily out of the trough when required for cleaning or
for repairs. The pipes pass on their way from oue box to the other through
transverse bars or bridges, which not only serve to keep them individually in
their proper places, but act as dams or stops to the wort or other liquid to be
cooled as it flows down the continuous incline of the trough, and thereby
ensures the refrigerating pipes being perfectly covered with a thin stream of
liquid, whilst at the same time these bars or bridges support the leughts of
pipes when elevated. When the operation of cooling or refrigerating is to
be effected, the liquid to be treated is allowed to flow along the trough over
the outsides of the refrigerating pipes, through which pipes and their con:-

page_text: necting boxes cold water is forced in the contrary direction to the flow of the
liquid in the trough which latter passes off at the lowest end of the inclined
bottom, through a suitable discharge pipe. The inlet and outlet pipes of the
refrigerator are respectively connected with the boxes at the top and lowest
portion of the inclined bottom, and are attached thereto by means of flexible
The
pipes, easily detachable when it is requisite to raise the refrigerators..
bridges or transverse bars above referred to have small arches cut in their
under sides to allow the liquid to drain off when the supply ceases. It is
obvious that by passing steam, surcharged or otherwise, or a heated fluid,
through the pipes in the trough, any liquid flowing along the bottom of such
trough may be heated or evaporated. And it is equally obvious, that the
apparatus herein-before referred to may be considerably modified in form, as,
for example, one long trough might be employed in lieu of the double trough
shewn in the Sheet of Drawings herein-after referred to, or these troughs
might be of a circular instead of a rectilinear form, but in all cases the liquid
to be treated flows outside the cooling or heating pipes (as the case may
be), and in a contrary direction to the flow of the fluid or steam within such
pipes.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a partial longitudinal section and side
elevation of one form of my apparatus, as applied to the cooling of wort, with
the middle portion broken away; Figure 2 is a corresponding plan of the
same; Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section of the apparatus, taken near
the middle thereof; and Figures 4 and 5 are separate details on an enlarged
seale, which I shall herein-after more particularly describe and refer to.
A, A, represents a continuous trough or gutter, the bottom of which is
inclined at a gradient of about one inch in twenty feet. This gutter may be
made of light cast iron, wood, or other suitable material, and may consist
either of one long trough, with the bottom inclined from one end to the other,
or of a wider and shorter trough divided longitudinally down the centre to form
two gutters, channels. or troughs, as is shewn in the accompanying Drawings,
or it may be of a circular or other form in plan in lieu of rectilencar, but I
prefer to construct it in the manner shewn, namely, a straight trough divided
longitudinally down the middle by the walls or partitions B, the partitions B,
and outer sides C, C, of the trough being level on their upper edges. The

page_text: central partition B extends from the upper end D of the trough to within a
short distance from the bottom end E, so that one channel will communicate with
the other at the bottom end. On the incliued bottom of the trough is laid a
series of light tinned, copper, or other refrigerating pipes, F, F, arranged side
by side, and extending longitudinally along the bottom of the trough. These
pipes are severally connected at each extremity by ground union joints to the
respective boxes G, G, and G', the two boxes G, G, (one of which is shewn
on an enlarged scale detached at Figure 4,) being placed at the top and
bottom of the incline, that is, one in each channel, and the box G' (which is
double the width of the others) is placed at the opposite end of the main
trough, and extends across it from side to side, as will be clearly seen on
referring to the plan view (Figure 2.) These pipes pass through a series of
transverse bars or bridges, H, HI, shewn clearly in the transverse section
(Figure 8), and in the enlarged detail (Figure 5), the bridges being made of
sufficient length to extend across each channel or trough, upon the bottoms of
which they rest, and consequently serve as supports to the pipes. Each
of these bridges is connected by means of bolts I, I, (Figures 3 and 5) to a
triangular frame K of light wrought iron, and these frames are connected in
pairs by means of bolts L, L, to a cross bar M, the bolts L being jointed to the
apices of the triangular frames. Each of the several cross bars is suspended by
chains N, N, passing over central guide pulleys 0, 0, in the overhead
supports P, P. The chains at the extreme ends of the trough are wound a
few turns round drums Q, Q. fitted with winch handles R and ratchets and
detents S, a counterweight T being hung to the free end of the chain after it
leaves the drum. The intermediate chains may be simply passed over a
second guide pulley U, but have such a counterweight T' attached to them as
described above. The object of this arrangement is simply to afford ready
facility for raising the entire series of pipes and boxes bodily out of the trough
when occasion may require. V represents the water inlet pipe, which is
connected to the box G at the bottom of the incline by a short length of
flexible pipe or hose. W and X is the water outlet pipe, similiarly connected
by flexible hose W' to the box G on the top of the incline. The flexible
connections are requisite in order to admit of the elevation of the pipes and
boxes as above described. Y represents the inlet pipe for the wort which is
to be refrigerated; this pipes opens laterally into the top end of the trough
behind one of the boxes G, G, and Z is the outlet pipe for the cooled wort,
which opens from the bottom of the trough at the bottom of the incline behind
the second box G. The oblong openings a, a, in the boxes G, G, are to allow
of the free passage therethrough of the wort. At the inlet or top of the

page_text: incline the whole of the wort passes through these openings, the box fitting
the trough or gutter accurately at that part, but at the outlet end or bottom
of the incline the box is raised slightly above the bottom of the trough by
small feet b, b, as shewn in Figure 5, so that the wort is free to flow off under
the box, whilst any superfluous quantity will pass off through the apertures a
A discharge cock c is fitted to the box at the bottom of the incline for the
purpose of drawing off all the water from the pipes when required. The
action of this apparatus is as follows:-The pipes and boxes being deposited
in their proper places on the inclined bottom of the trough or gutter, the hot
wort is admitted by opening a cock or sluice in the inlet pipe Y, and flows
through the apertures a, a, in the box G, and down the trough or gutter in the
form of a broad but shallow stream of just sufficient depth to cover the cooling
pipes F; this, however, is further ensured by the bridges II, which act as
dams or weirs, and consequently dam up the wort at intervals, causing it to
flow over the tops of the pipes. On arriving at the bottom of the first gutter
or trough, the wort flows round the end of the central partition B in the
direction of the curved arrow, and passes along the second gutter, returning to
the front end of the main trough again, when it encounters the second box G,
at the lowest part of the incline. Here it flows partly under the box and
partly through the openings a made therein, and finally emerges by the outlet
pipe Z perfectly cooled, the refrigerating effect being due partly to the extended
and shallow nature of the streain, but mainly to the cooling action of a
constant current of cold water, which flows through the interior of the pipes F
in a contrary direction to the flow of the wort. The cold water first enters the
box G of the pipe V at the bottom of the incline, passes thence to the group
of pipes connected therewith, and is conducted by these pipes to the large
box G' at the opposite end of the main trough. From this box the water
passes into the second group of pipes, and finally enters the box G at the top
of the incline, whence it escapes by the outlet pipe X. In order to allow
the wort being entirely drained off from the gutters, small notches are made
in the under sides of the bridges, by which means any wort remaining in the
gutters, after working the apparatus, is free to drain off.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction and arrangement of apparatus for re-
frigerating and heating liquids, as herein-before described.

page_text: Second, the refrigerating and heating of liquids by causing the liquid under
treatment to flow outside one or more pipes through which a cooling or heating
medium passes in a contrary direction to the flow of the external liquid, as
herein-before described.
Third, the herein-before described peculiar combination of pipes and boxes
with an inclined trough, channel, or gutter and elevating tackle for the
purposes herein-before referred to.
Fourth, the application and use of the transverse bridges in the manner
and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Mathews, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
DAVID MATHEWS. (L.S.)