matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING GOLD AND SILVER FROM THEIR ORES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1859.-A communication from Lewis Solomon, residing in the
United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF EXTRACTING GOLD
AND SILVER FROM THEIR ORES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved process of extracting the precious
metals from their ores, by which a greater per centage of yield is obtained
than heretofore. The ore is first stamped or broken fine and passed through
a sieve, after which chloride of sodium is added and thoroughly incorporated
with the ore by being passed through a burr-stone mill; this mixture thus
prepared is then placed in a furnace for roasting, care being taken during the
first three or four hours not to exceed a dull red heat, so as to avoid volatili-
zation of the precious metals, after which time, however, it may be raised at
intervals to a higher degree until all the sulphurous and muriatic vapors
formed are expelled.
The ore is next ground with the admixture of wood ash and bolted fine.
The mass thus prepared is placed in the amalgamator, and a sufficient
quantity of water is added to reduce the mass to a consistency suitable to
cause the mercury to separate into globules and filter through it instead of
passing through in a body, soda ash is also added to cleanse the mercury and
minute metallic particles of all earthy and greasy substances. To this mass,

page_text: pieces of bar iron are now added, to facilitate the trituration and decompose
any chloride of silver that may have been formed during the previous operations.
The amalgamator being put in motion, the several ingredients will soon
become thoroughly incorporated, the mercury is then to be applied, and six
pound shot added, to act as triturators. The machine is then again set in
action, and the temperature of the mass is at the same time raised to about
150 degrees Fahr., in order to expand the mercury and increase its
affinity for the gold. After a time sulphate of iron in solution is added to
decompose the chloride of gold, if any has been formed, and precipitate it in
the metallic state, in which condition it is taken up by the mercury, the
motion of the machine being continued. The consistency of the mass is next
reduced by adding hot water thereto, and the motion of the machine continued
until the globules of mercury collect in a body. The mercury is then drawn
off from the mass, and the residuum subjected to a washing process, to separate
the remaining mercury from the ore, after which the mercury may be sepa-
rated from the gold by any process of straining and evaporation now known.
PRE- PARING THE DILUTION IN THE DISTILLERIES AND BREWERIES BY MEANS OF REGULARLY HEATING AND COOLING INSTANTANEOUSLY ALL THE AMYLACEOUS SACCHARINE FER- MENTABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Joseph Gabriel Rul at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1859.
I, LEWIS JOSEPH GABRIEL RUL, residing at Reims, Department of the Maine,
Attorney at Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PRE-
PARING THE DILUTION IN THE DISTILLERIES AND BREWERIES BY MEANS OF REGULARLY
HEATING AND COOLING INSTANTANEOUSLY ALL THE AMYLACEOUS SACCHARINE FER-
MENTABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
It consists of an apparatus formed of two concentric cylinders having
a small annular space between each other; the outer cylinder may be of
metal or wood, the inner is preferably of cast iron; both cylinders are cemented
into an iron bottom; an annular cap, either cast on the top of the inner
cylinder or formed separately, connects the two at the top, and by means of
cement renders steam-tight the annular space between the cylinders. Passing
from the end of the centre cylinder and through a gland in a portion of the lid
or cover is a vertical shaft having its top and bottom extremities formed
hollow; the upper hollow end of the shaft communicates with a tube, which, by
means of cocks, admits water or steam into it. The bottom hollow end also
communicates with a pipe and cock, the central part of the shaft being solid;
there is no communication between the top and bottom parts. By means of
cocks water or steam may be admitted to the annular space between the

page_text: -cylinders, and in like manner drawn off.
Mounted upon the aforesaid shaft is
an excentric coil of pipe, the upper end of which communicates with the
upper hollow end of the shaft inside the cylinder, and lower end with the
hollow part at the bottom of the shaft. Mounted upon the same shaft are a
number of curved agitators. A driving toothed wheel is also mounted upon
the said shaft, which, by means of other spindles and toothed gear, is put in
action and gives motion to the shaft and various parts mounted upon it. If
then any saccharine or other substances be introduced within the inner
cylinder and the shaft be put in motion, it will be stirred by the agitators and
coil mounted on the shaft, and by admitting a continuous stream of hot water
or steam into the coil of tube and the annular space or casing, it may be kept
at any temperature; and closing off the steam and admitting cold water, the
whole may be quickly cooled. The lid or cover may be of three parts, the two
segments being hinged on the central fixed piece containing the gland.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Freeman and James Royle
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 6th October 1859.
We, GEORGE FREEMAN, of Unsworth, near Bury, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturer, and JAMES ROYLE, of the same Place, Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in an improved ring barrel having any suitable
number of spaces. The said barrel is fixed on the ordinary tappet shaft on
the outside of the loom, for giving motion to improved pattern chains, and
also for separating the treddles, so that they can be worked separately per-
fectly independent of each other, and enable us to work one or more treddles
to any length for a figure or pattern of any description, without carrying the
ground of the cloth to more than six or eight picks. The pattern chain is
composed of any number of links or sections forming the risers and fallers,
and are put together, as required, with great facility by pins, the distances
between which are uniform, so that the positions of the sections can be varied
according to the pattern without difficulty or loss of time, coupling with odd
or even numbers, as desired. The joints of each section of the chain have a
space between them forming projections or teeth, which fit hollows or inden-
tations in the space of the ring wheel to which it is applied, the chains thereby
obtaining a constantly advancing notion when the loom is working.
AN IMPROVED FORM OF HARMONICAN PIANOFORTE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Lepetit Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1859.
I, ALEXANDER LEPETIT TAYLOR, of 16, Ludgate Hill, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FORM OF
HARMONICAN PIANOFORTE," to be as follows, and consists of an arrangement of
circular or other shaped bells or sounding pieces of glass or metal, and made
according to the scale of the pianoforte. I propose to suspend them by their
centres or otherwise, according to their shape, from wooden or metal beams
fixed at the top, or bottom,.or sides of the frame. The bells or sounding pieces
will be acted upon by hammers through keys similar to those of a pianoforte,
and the whole enclosed in a suitable case.
THE CLEANSING AND RE-MANUFACTURING OF OLD, USED, DIRTY RAILWAY GREASE; FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF NEW RAILWAY GREASE; FOR THE CLEANSING AND RE-MANUFACTURING OF OLD USED COTTON WASTE, Tow, OR ANY TEXTILE FABRICS; AND FOR THE PURIFYING OF OILS OR ANY FATTY MATTER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Napoleon Norminton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1859.
I, EDWIN NAPOLEON NORMINTON, of 19, High Street, Camden Town, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE CLEANSING AND RE-MANUFACTURING OF OLD, USED, DIRTY RAILWAY
GREASE; FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF NEW RAILWAY GREASE; FOR THE CLEANSING
AND RE-MANUFACTURING OF OLD USED COTTON WASTE, Tow, OR ANY TEXTILE
FABRICS; AND FOR THE PURIFYING OF OILS OR ANY FATTY MATTER," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacturing of railway grease from palm
oil or any other fatty matter.
the manufacturing of railway
Firstly, I combine a mixture of carbonate of soda, sulphate of soda, or
sulphuric acid combined with water, instead of carbonate of soda alone, in the
proportion of cwt. of carbonate of soda to cwt. of sulphate of soda to one
ton of palm oil or any other fatty matter, for
grease; but I do not confine myself to the above proportions. Or, I take
caustic soda, and combine it with palm oil or any other fatty matter, and
convert the same into soap, which soap I mix with palm oil or any other fatty
matter, for the manufacture of railway grease.
Secondly, I take old, dirty, used railway grease, and separate the fatty
matter from the dirt and metallic oxide by the application of heat and soap
ley, and the residue I convert into soap, which soap I recombine with the

page_text: oily or fatty matter separated as above, or with palm oil, or any other fatty
matter for the manufacturing of railway grease.
Thirdly, I take dirty cotton waste, tow, or any textile fabric, and apply
pressure and heat, and press out all the fatty matter possible, which fatty
matter I cleanse by mixing the same with a portion of sulphuric ether.
Fourthly, I take weak soap leys, and boil the dirty cotton waste, which soap
leys convert the oily matter in the cotton waste into soap, and thereby cleanse
the cotton waste, tow, and other textile fabrics.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Archer Wood, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1859.
I, EDWIN ARCHER WOOD, of Victoria Terrace, Notting Hill West, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
The mode heretofore commonly practised of forming the shanks of anchors
has been to make such part of one solid piece of metal, and either to weld or
to connect such said shank by a strong pin to the flukes of the anchor. The
objection in practice to anchors formed entirely solid or homogenous is as
follows:-In weighing such an anchor, especially in good holding ground, the
tendency is to fracture either the shank of the anchor, or the arms of the
flukes thereof, in the act of breaking the ground to raise or weigh the anchor.
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to remedy this objection
by constructing the shank of the anchor divided crosswise, or in two parts
connected together by a strong pin passed through a toggle joint, formed upon
that part of the anchor to which the flukes are welded, or otherwise fixed or
connected; the lower end of the upper portion of the shank I propose to form
curved as a moveable knuckle, so as to fit into a corresponding recess formed
in the toggle joint. I also propose to form either straight or curved
short arms on such said curved moveable knuckle, so that in the act of
weighing an anchor thus formed the effect is to cause one or other of the

page_text: short arms of the aforesaid knuckle to press against or upon the edge of the
curved part of the toggle joint aforesaid, and by so doing to exert leverage
upon the lowermost part of the shank, thereby breaking the ground in which
the flukes of the anchor are embedded, and thus preventing fracture of the
shank or arms of the flukes as above stated, or fracture of the chain cable
employed to weigh the anchor, as well as reducing the power necessary to
weigh the anchor, and which in many cases is very considerable, frequently
resulting in the loss of the anchor when the cable breaks.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ACTUATING CERTAIN KINDS OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, AND IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tangye at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1859.
I, JAMES TANGYE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF ACTUATING CERTAIN KINDS OF MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES, AND IN THE
DISTRIBUTION OF MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in actuating such motive-power engines as are worked
by condensed gases or vapours as the various kinds of steam engines, by means
of condensed air applied in the following manner :-In the neighbourhood of
mines, or in other localities where coal is cheap, I erect low pressure or con-
densing steam-engines, which said engines are made to work condensing
pumps. By means of the said pumps I condense air into accumulators or
reservoirs to any desired pressure. With the said accumulators or reservoirs
I connect a series of pipes, somewhat similar to the pipes by which gas and
water are usually distributed in towns by means of the said pipes; the con-
densed air can be transmitted to the locality where it is wanted and applied in
place of steam, to actuate the engines usually actuated by steam. The said
pipes will also serve to convey the condensed air to be used for a variety of
purposes, such as working stamps or other machinery for supplying air to fur-
naces, blowing air in place of bellows for musical instruments, and for all other
purposes to which condensed air may be applied.
By my Invention great economy of space will be effected in large towns by

page_text: the non-necessity for steam boilers. Great economy will also be effected in the
cost of motive power, as by its production on a large scale by condensing
engines and its distribution as described, the waste which is unavoidable by the
present arrangements will be prevented. The power of immediately turning
on and shutting off motive power will also be a great convenience to manu-
facturers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPRINGS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Anthony Matthews, of Sheffield, in the
County of York, Steel Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPRINGS."
Sealed the 30th March 1860, and dated the 25th October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Anthony Matthews
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1859.
I, WILLIAM ANTHONY MATTHEWS, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in longitudinally curving or angling the plates of
which elliptical, flat, or similarly formed springs are composed, so as to bring
the edges and centre of each plate above or below the neutral axis, thereby
distributing the material in such a manner that only a small portion of the
cross section of the plate is in the line of the neutral surface. By this Inven-
tion a great saving is effected in the weight of material used in the manufacture,
and greater elasticity is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Sharp Mockford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1859.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE SHARP MOCKFORD, of No. 67, Upper Thames Street, in
the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STARCH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is for the purpose of rendering starch cheaper, giving it more
body, and increasing the size of crystals; it consists, firstly, in introducing
into starch, during the process of manufacture, a finely-powdered mineral sul-
phate, which I propose to introduce when the starch is ready for colouring, but
prior to adding the colouring matter; the quantity of sulphate to be introduced
will be varied to suit the particular purpose for which the starch may be ulti-
mately required; and secondly, in using for the purpose of colouring, in different
proportions according to the intensity of colour required, a combination of smalts
with artificial ultramarine. Previously to adding the colouring matter I
propose to neutralize by an alkali or to wash out any acid that may be in the
starch.
The novelty of this Invention consists, first, in the introduction into starch
of a mineral sulphate, and, secondly, in the mode of colouring starch by the
admixture of smalts and artificial ultramarine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Graham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th November
1859.
I, PETER GRABAM, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the use of knife edges as cutting surfaces in
cutting thin slices of wood, such as veneers and other thin boards. For this
purpose I employ a circular or disc knife, mounted somewhat as an ordinary
circular saw, and the wood is supported on a traveller with adjusting means
adapted to regulate the depth of cut or thickness of veneer, or other board to
be removed. I form the cutter with a portion of its surface only beyond the
cutting edge bearing against the wood from which the cut is effected, to give
steadiness to the cutter and yet avoid too great friction. I also form such
cutting knife into an endless band passing over a pair of drums or pulleys. I
also apply one or more cutters with knife edges, such as referred to in a frame,
to which a reciprocating motion is given, but when more than one of such
cutters is operating upon the same log to cut off several veneers or boards at
the same time, I place them in advance each of the next to give room for the
thickness of the knife. I apply sharpening means acting against the knives to
preserve the required cutting edge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STACK PILLARS OR SUPPORTS FOR STACKS AND RICKS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1859.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Fire-clay Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STACK PILLARS OR SUPPORTS FOR STACKS AND RICKS OF
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application and use of fire-clay in the manufac-
ture of stack pillars, such as are ordinarily used by farmers for elevating their
stacks and ricks above the level of the ground, as well as to certain improved
forms of such pillars. These improved stack pillars are moulded or shaped
out of fire-clay, or a composition thereof, in the usual manner of moulding clay
articles. Each pillar has a wide base to secure steadiness, whilst the main
pillar portion is either hexagonal, octagonal, or cylindrical in transverse section;
a top cap or cover piece surmounts the pillar for the prevention of the ascent
of vermin, such top cap having upon it a suitable fitting projecting piece for the
fitting on and attachment of the girders or beams upon which the material of
the stack rests. Stack pillars of this kind are cheap in first cost, very durable,.
and easily fitted up.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Archer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1859.
I, WILLIAM ARCHER, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Jacquard
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," to be as follows :—
The improvements relate, first, to that portion of the jacquard apparatus
used to effect the ascent and descent of the "griffs" or "grates," and consists
in effecting the ascent of one "griff" and the descent of another simultaneously
by means of a toothed pinion situated between the two "griffs," and taking
into a rack upon each "griff," the pinion being caused to partake of the
required reciprocating semicircular motion by the ordinary means, so as to
lift one "griff" and lower the other by the same semicircular movement of the
pinion.
Secondly, the Invention consists in so connecting a helical or other spring
with the "batten," that upon any displacement or imparallel position of the
card cylinder, or from other opposition to the correct working of the machine,
the said spring shall yield to the extra pressure and prevent an undue strain
or breakage of the machine.
A third part of the improvement consist in mounting the "blades" in the
"griff's" upon pivots or centres at each end, upon which they may vibrate, so
as to allow them to yield to the "wire hooks," in contradistinction to employing
them in a rigid form, by which improvement the bending or breaking of the
said "hooks" is prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHSHARes, HOES, AND OTHER SIMILAR CUTTING PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Bertrand Ollivier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd December 1859.
I, LOUIS BERTRAND OLLIVIER, of Bron, France, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHSHARes,
HOES, AND OTHER SIMILAR CUTTING PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," to be
as follows:-
These improvements consist in providing the shares or cutting blades of
ploughs, hoes, scarifiers, or other similar agricultural implements with a move-
able cutting edge or knife of steel, or other suitable material, and which is to
be fixed to the share by screws, rivets, or other suitable means, so as to allow
of replacing the same and providing the share with another cutting edge when
required.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RETARDING APPARATUS OR BREAK FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1859. A communication from abroad by Mr. Augustin Castellir,
of Saragossa, in the Kingdom of Spain.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RETARDING APPARATUS
OR BREAK FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to bring the break or retarding apparatus
of railway carriages into progressive action by means of mechanism which
can be brought into play with facility by a single man, who will be enabled to
produce a certain and determined action which will be transmitted simul-
taneously to all the carriages in the train.
The retarding apparatus which operates on the wheels is actuated by means
of suitable gearing connected with one of the axles of the running wheels, and
this gearing is brought into action by means of a clutch box, which is under
the control of the guard, and may be put into or out of gear by him by means
of a screw shaft and lever.
The gearing which works the breaks or retarding apparatus is arranged.
in such a manner that it may be driven in either direction by simply moving.
a sleeve shaft on which the acting bevil gear is mounted.
OCEAN MARINE SIGNAL TELEGRAPHING FOR DAY AND NIGHT, WHEREBY MESSAGES AND COMMUNICATIONS ON ALL OCCASIONS AND SUBJECTS MAY BE GIVEN WITH CLEARNESS AND DESPATCH WITHIN SEEING DISTANCE, DAY OR NIGHT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Ward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY WARD, of the City of Auburn, in the County of Cayuga
and State of New York, one of the United States of North America, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "OCEAN MARINE SIGNAL
TELEGRAPHING FOR DAY AND NIGHT, WHEREBY MESSAGES AND COMMUNICATIONS ON
ALL OCCASIONS AND SUBJECTS MAY BE GIVEN WITH CLEARNESS AND DESPATCH WITHIN
SEEING DISTANCE, DAY OR NIGHT," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to increase the rapidity and certainty of
communicating intelegence either by day or by night, by means of signal flags
or signal lights. This Invention consists in the application of a system com-
posed of ten, thirteen, or more flags, ten of which to serve when using the
numerical system, and three to repeat the numerals. These three may be
reversed to repeat the numerals to six points, thus serving as six repeaters,
and by using one or more of these systems of flags, the letters of the alphabet
are indicated. In this system only three colors are used, and in no one flag
more than two colors are introduced, and the colors in the flags are divided
transversely or longitudinally, without any subdivision of either of the colors in
the flags (except one flag only) to the number of sixteen flags.. The number
may be increased if desired by adding flags with the tricolor on each
additional flag (or by repeating one of the colors), and the colors divided as in
the others. That form is given to the flags which will float in a gentle breeze

page_text: and those colors adopted that can be seen and distinguished the greatest
distance, and present the strongest contrast with each other, and such arrange-
ment given to the colors as to present the greatest field to each individual
color when more than one color is used in a flag, so that whether the flags are
extended by the breeze or drooping in a calm, they can readily be distinguished
from cach other.
This Invention also consists in the application of a system of signal lights
for the purpose of signalizing either by day or night, and this system consists
of five lights provided with powerful reflectors, and arranged in such position
in relation to each other that with the use of moveable red or other colored
shades, all the numerals, likewise the letters of the alphabet, are indicated and
clearly distinguished at a great distance. The different shades are connected
with a set of stops, keys, or cords, in such manner that the shades can be
instantaneously changed, and telegraph letters or numbers indicated with great
rapidity by varying the arrangement of the different colored shades in front of
the lights. These shades may (instead of colored glass) be made hollow and
of white glass, and filled with colored liquid in order to facilitate the trans-
missison of light.
MENTS IN SELF-SUPPLYING DISTILLING APPARATUS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING COMBINED THEREWITH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Peddie How at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1859.
I, ANDREW PEDDIE How, of No. 81, Mark Lane, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SELF-SUPPLYING DISTILLING APPARATUS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR COOKING
COMBINED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in attaching to apparatus, for the dis-
tillation of fresh from salt water, a donkey engine and pump for supplying the
same, thus dispensing with hand pumps and over-head cistern usually fitted
thereto.
Secondly, in combining such improved distilling apparatus berein described
with an ordinary cooking apparatus. In this arrangement two furnaces are
employed, which may be used together or separately, when the former, the
products of combustion from the cooking furnace may be made to pass through
the furnace of the distilling apparatus, and thus consume the smoke from the
furnace of the cooking apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Drury at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June 1859.
I, JOHN DRURY, of Exley, near Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer,
lo hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention relates to lubricating the cylinders and pistons of
steam engines, and consists in a means of supplying the lubricant to the interior
of the piston, and from thence to the surface of the cylinder. I cut a groove or
grooves in the packing rings on the outer surface thereof, all of which I connect
by pipes in the interior of the piston at a focus from which a pipe projects
through and beyond the cover of the piston sufficiently to pass through a hole
in the cylinder cover at each strocke of the piston. The lubricating matter can
thus be supplied to the interior when and as required, which is then enclosed
by a portable plug. The lubricant travelling with the piston, the hole in the
cylinder cover being also closed with a portable plug or cap.
The second part of my Invention relates to the safety and feed valves of
steam boilers, and consists in an arrangement combining the two valves in one
apparatus, and so as not to be under the control of the attendant by having a
lever and float to actuate and regulate both valves in the interior of the boiler.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PRIMER FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1859.
I, GILBERT SMITH, of Buttermilk Falls, Orange County, in the State of
New York, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF PRIMER FOR FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of parts for facilitating the
priming of fire-arms, applicable to breech-loading and other weapons. In the
head of the hammer I construct an annular or other suitably-shaped chamber,
to receive a ring or wheel, which is free to rotate on a central boss forming
part of the hammer head. The periphery of this ring I pierce with holes at
equal distances apart to receive percussion caps or other primers, and the
periphery of the annular chamber I pierce at such a point with respect to the
nipple of the gun to which it is to be attached as to allow of the hammer
falling over the nipple of the gun. The wheel I secure in its chamber by a
spring lever jointed to the hammer, and in order to lock the wheel in position,
so that the caps or primers may be brought round into a line with the bole in
the chamber, and presented to the nipple of the gun, I groove the side of the
wheel radially to receive a feather or projection on the inner face of the spring
lever. One edge of these grooves I bevil to facilitate the turning of the wheel
to bring up the caps in succession. The wheel may be turned by the thumb

page_text: and finger, a roughened projecting flange being provided for the purpose of
gripping it; or the flange may be formed with ratchet teeth, and the wheel
rotated by a catch attached to the lock or stock of the gun, and operating
either at the time of cocking or while the hammer is falling. By this arrange-
ment it will, therefore, be understood that the fall of the hammer in the act of
firing will bring down the cap or primer upon the nipple, and ensure its
explosion. A soldier may be provided with two or more priming wheels,
which, being kept ready charged, may be applied to the arm in place of an
empty one in a few seconds.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER, PASTEBOARD, CARDBOARD, AND ALSO FOR CUPTING OR SLICING WOOD INTO THIN SCALEBOARD OR VENEERS, OR FOR SIMILARLY CUTTING OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Effertz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May 1859.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER, PASTEBOARD,
CARDBOARD, AND ALSO FOR CUPTING OR SLICING WOOD INTO THIN SCALEBOARD OR
VENEERS, OR FOR SIMILARLY CUTTING OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel description and arrangement of machine to
be employed for the above named purposes of cutting paper, pasteboard, card-
board, &c., which is constructed in the following manner :-The table or bed
upon which the material to be cut is placed, is provided screws or other
equivalent for effecting its adjustment and gradual traverse from back to front,
and also with a graduated scale, by which the distance of one cut from another
may be regulated. The knife or cutter is secured in a tool box or holder, to
which is imparted a reciprocating sliding motion across the bed or table by
means of an arrangement of levers and toothed wheel gearing in connection
with the driving wheel; the material to be cut is retained in the required
position by a bar or "press," which is bedded or pressed thereupon by screws.
The cutting is effected by the knife as it traverses across the material, and the
depth of the cut is regulated by a vertical screw connected with the knife,
which screw becomes turned by self-acting means, each time the knife traverses
the material; thus the depth of the cut becomes deeper at each successive

page_text: motion. By this arrangement the material may be cut partially through or
grooved only, or a great depth may be cut, as for veneers, &c., the depth
depending upon the prolonged action of the cutter, and if required, variously
formed grooves or divices may be cut upon the surface by the employment of
suitably formed cutters or tools.
AN IMPROVED SANATORY WATER-CLOSET
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lister at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August
1859.
I, THOMAS LISTER, of Sheepbridge, in the County of Derby, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SANATORY
WATER-CLOSET," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention of an improved sanatory water-closet is to con-
vert common privies into water-closets. The difficulties heretofore experienced
in effecting this object have arisen, in the first place, from the want of an
efficient water supply, to which may be added the great expense that would
of necessity be incurred. The "sanatory water-closet" meets both these
difficulties, first, as by this application the waste water from domestic or
culinary uses, such as from the sink stone, droppings from the pump or
watercocks, is all that is required for an efficient cleansing of the sanatory
water-closet; second, the cost will be very considerably reduced. My
improved water-closet can be adapted to all situations where an outlet for
the sewage into the main drain is provided.
In carrying out my Invention, I place the closet in such a situation as to
admit all the surface water or waste water made upon the premises being
conveyed to the vault of the closet. The channel which conducts the waste
water to the closet is trapped where the water enters the vault. A trap
and valve or plug is also provided, by which the night soil is let off from the
vault into a pipe communicating with the street sewer. Two or three times

page_text: per week, or oftener, as the case may require, this plug is lifted up, and the
vault emptied. A trap is formed with the plug, by which all foul air or
gases are prevented from entering the closet from the sewer.
The bottom of
the vault may be inclined towards the plug and trap, to facilitate the discharge
of the soil, and, if desired, an additional exit opening may be provided in the
vault to admit of the latter being flushed and thoroughly cleaned when
required. The vault may be made of brickwork in cement or earthenware,
the latter being preferable. A covered aperture is provided over the plug,
through which the plug may be raised by the hand when required. The
earthenware vault can, however, be used without the plug if required, the
connection between the vault and sewer being properly trapped, and so
arranged as to admit of liquid drainings running off through a syphon. It
will be understood, that by the water in the vault rising it forms a trap by
means of this syphon, and all surplus water then passes off through the
syphon or through the hollow of the plug into the sewer when the plug is
used in combination with the vault.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Frederick Claus at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1859.
I, CHARLES FREDERICK CLAUS, Chemist, of Fearnhead, near Warrington, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING," to be as follows:-
I treat the infusions of the tanning materials, particularly those of hemlock,
bark, and divi, or the leather tanned by the same, with aluminous sub-salts.
A NEW PROCESS FOR PRESSING AND SEPARATING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE FIBRES AND PELLICLES CONTAINED IN THE CONSTITUANT MATTERS OF THE BEET-ROOT SUGAR, BEER, GRAINS, ALCOHOL, POTATOES, BEETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES,
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Robert Louis Schramm
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd September 1859.
I, HENRY ROBERT LOUIS SCHRAMM, Engineer, residing at Breslau, Kingdom
of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW PROCESS FOR PRESSING AND SEPARATING SIMULTANEOUSLY THE FIBRES AND
PELLICLES CONTAINED IN THE CONSTITUANT MATTERS OF THE BEET-ROOT SUGAR,
BEER, GRAINS, ALCOHOL, POTATOES, BEETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of a combination of four rotating rollers having four
knives for cleaning their surfaces, together with three or more float boards,
and two or more seives having dissimilar meshes. These are so arranged as
to press and express completely the insoluable matters, and separate them from
the soluable portion in grains, potatoes, sugar, beet, or solutions of these or
similar matters.
This arrangement consists of a suitable frame, upon which the rollers are
mounted in pairs, one pair being above the other, and each pair having a pair
of knives so arranged as to scrape the surfaces clear of the adhearing substances.
A pipe leading from a tube or vat, within which the substance to be pressed is
kept in a partly liquid state, transmits it between the first pair of rollers,
which thoroughly press it, separating the greater part of the insoluable
matters. The liquid then passes through a seive or seives, and falling upon an

page_text: oblique plate drops between the next pair of rollers, and is a second time
pressed by them; and after passing through another sieve is delivered perfectly
pure, yet containing all the soluable matters. In this state it is ready for any
future operations. Each pair of rollers has a pair of adjusting screws to
regulate the distance between each.
When beds are made use of to press upon, I form these of red cast iron, a
composition of iron and copper, where the copper predominates.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hudson and Christopher
Catlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th December 1859.
We, WILLIAM HUDSON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
and CHRISTOPHER CATLOW, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The first of the said improvements consists in making the connection or
means of attachment between the lamms and the treadles or between the
lamms and the heald staves elastic by the use of a spring or springs, in order
that the friction rollers of the treadles may always work in contact with the
tappets, and that the depth of the shed may be variable without alteration in
the tappets or treadles by simply relaxing or tightening the cords by which
the healds are attached to the lamms.
The second improvement has reference to the stop rod, and consists in
causing the shuttle to actuate the same by contact with the edge of a friction
roller projecting through the backboard into the shuttle box, the said roller
being carried by an adjustable upright finger or arm upon the stop rod (or by
a lever in connection with such finger or arm), and being moreover variable
or adjustable as to its distance from the reed space, so that in weaving fabrics
narrower than the reed space the shuttle may be made to lift the stop rod as
soon as possible after the former has cleared the shed.

page_text: The third improvement applies to the ordinary double beam taking up appa-
ratus, in which the taking up is effected and regulated by the adhesion of the
cloth to a roller with a roughened surface, commonly called the emery roller..
The improvement consists in causing the emery roller, revolving with an
uniform motion, to drive the cloth roller with a varying or gradually retarded
motion by means of the friction or adhesion of a strap or cord, which tightly
embraces both rollers (or their respective pulleys). The motion imparted by
the emery roller revolves the cloth beam as rapidly as the delivery of the cloth
will permit; the cloth beam being thus caused to exert a constant draught on
the cloth and aiding the taking up action of the emery roller. The super-
fluous motion is expended in causing the strap to slip on the beams or pulleys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING PAPER WATERPROOF
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1859.
I, JAMES ALFRED TURNER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING PAPER WATERPROOF," to be as
follows:-
I make a compostion of caoutchouc, gutta percha, resin, and any ground
mineral dissoved by naptha, turpentine, or other well known solvents, which I
spread between two sheets of paper, and then pass the same through rollers.
Or, to accomplish the same object I put tar between two sheets of paper; but
I prefer the former method as being more durable. Or, I place between the
two sheets of paper any woven fabric, felt, wadding, or other fibrous material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sanger Collins, and
Frederick James Chard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th November 1859.
We, WILLIAM SANGER COLLINS, jun', of Bristol, in the County of
Somerset, & FREDERICK JAMES CHARD, of Warwick Street, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Our improved propeller acts in the manner of a paddle, and to operate
which we employ a rotating crank arm on the propeller shaft, which describes
a circle, say, of one half the diameter of a paddle wheel suitable for same
vessel. Near this circle, in a line horizontal with the propeller shaft, we
dispose a fixed stud pivot, and joint thereon an arm of about the same length
as the crank arm; these two arms we connect by a bar, the length of which
is such that, together with the length of the crank arm, or with that of the
pivotted arm, the two are about equal to the diameter of the circle before
mentioned, say, rather more. We attach to this connecting bar one or more
paddles or boards, which are to enter the water, and produce the propelling
action. By communicating motion to the shaft and crank arm, the one end
of the connecting paddle bar will be carried round by the revolution of the
crank arm, while the other end of same bar oscillates on the arm pendant
from the pivot stud, which end alternately rises up to nearly the centre or
crank shaft, and recedes back below the stud pivot, thus describing a quarter
circle, & giving a peculiar motion to the paddles, which all enter and leave

page_text: the water at the same time, or nearly so, and this in a perpendicular position,
or nearly so. While in the water, the paddles move so as to produce the
propelling action, and while out rise high out of the water, to afford plenty of
clearance for the return movement. Instead of a single crank, it may be
double, & with two pendent arms, one on either side of the paddle boards,
whereby two or more paddle bars may be applied, and a greater breadth of
paddles, or it may be simply for strength. We prefer to use two, or it may
be more of such propellers on each side of a ship, so arranged that the one is
propelling while the other is out of the water. The whole may be covered in
with paddle-boxes in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gauntley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1859.
I, THOMAS GAUNTLEY, the elder, of the High Pavement, in the Town of
Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
fringes. For these purposes twist lace machines are used in such manner that
the warp threads are employed for producing the fringe as well as the traverse
threads of the woven parts or heads of the fringe, and the bobbin or carriage
threads are employed to produce the longitudinal threads of the woven parts
or heads of the fringe. The warp threads are shogged or moved to and fro, a
distance equal to the desired width of the fringes. In arranging a twist lace
machine for making fringes according to this Invention, it is preferred that
sets of carriages should be placed in the machines at intervals apart, each set
consisting of as many carriages as it is intended to have longitudinal threads
in each of the heads or woven parts of the fringes. The sets of carriages
are not set so far apart as the width of the fringes, on the contrary the
neighbouring sets of carriages come near together, leaving in each case only a
comparatively small space unoccupied by carriages, consequently the heads of
the several fringes come near to each other. The fringe or horizontal threads

page_text: are caused to project from their respective heads beyond the next head or
heads, depending on the width of the fringes which are being made, and the
warp threads which make the fringe or unwoven parts are held extended by
extra carriage threads or other convenient means.