Improvements in and relating to Machines for Opening, Dis- integrating or Pulping Paper Materials, Bedding Materials, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application. 27th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 1st May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Opening, Dis-
integrating or Pulping Paper Materials, Bedding Materials,
and the like.
We, JOSEPH AUGUSTUS LONDON, Papermaker, of 29 Eldon Street, Newcastle,
BENJAMIN CAWTHORN, Papermaker Foreman, of Hylton, near Sunderland, and
DAVID NOBLE BERTRAM, Engineer, St. Katherine's Works, Sciennes, Edinburgh,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention to be as follows:-
This invention refers to improvements in and relating to machines for opening,
disintegrating or pulping all classes of fibre used in the manufacture of paper,
cardboard, and similar materials, either in the raw or boiled state, or old papers, or
for flock or other materials used for bedding and the like. Such machines prepare
the fibre for the processes which foll.w, thereby lessening the time required in the
various succeeding operations.
Under one arrangement the machine would consist of heavy frames on which are
mounted pillow blocks the pillow blocks being arranged with tapered or wedge keys
for altering the position of the drum hereafter described. In these pillow blocks
revolves a steel spindle on which is keyed a drum having a series of malleable iron or
steel teeth fixed therein in any suitable manner. The teeth are conical in form
square or round or whatever shape that will suit the best for the greatest amount of
fibre to be treated by the machine.
Surrounding the drum there is a circular casing into which are fixed pieces
carrying teeth of the same form as described in drum, mounted in such a way that
the teeth can be moved sideways or across the drum, to cause a contact on one side
only of teeth, and also in such a manner as they can be moved to and from the
drum to cause more or less depth of contact of the teeth. By the use of the wedge
keys for moving drum and the above described adjustments for the teeth, any desired
contact can be obtained to suit materials being operated upon."
By this arrangement there will be more or less contact between the teeth to
give the opening, disintegrating or pulping action. Instead of a fixed casing an outer
drum with teeth on inner surface may be substituted by mounting same to rotate in
the opposite direction to the inner drum.
Hopper for feeding in is at the top of the front side of machine, constructed of
cast or sheet iron and wood of suitable size to take in the material.
Discharge is arranged on the under side. Such discharge can be arranged so that
the fibre as it leaves the machine can be delivered to travelling bands which convey
it to any part of the mill or into boxes.
To avoid the cutting up and shortening of the fibres which is the case with
ordinary rag engine rolls when bars in them are employed working on a plate with
similar bars below as is usual in the case of rag engines, we employ on the rag
engine roll segments of steel, brass, or iron with serrated teeth, conical, round, or
square in section the size of the teeth at the root being about 1 square, or any
other convenient size to suit the requirements.
These segments are fixed on the periphery of the roil by any suitable means, the
teeth of these segments being arranged so that no pulp can pass between roll
and plate without being treated by the serrations as is the case with ordinary rag
engines, which allow the pulp to pass round in spaces between the bars.
Below

page_text: the roll, concave segments are fitted with teeth of suitable shape to fit those on
the roll, such segments being made of steel, bronze, brass, or other suitable metal;
and the same to be fitted to face of plate which in its turn will be fitted into den
below engine or it can be fitted into backfall. The width of these segments namely,
the part at which the contact begins and ends may be made any convenient width
found suitable in practice. The plate carrying teeth will be mounted in such a
manner that each row of teeth can be moved end ways so as to cause contact on one
side of the teeth only, or both sides may be arranged to come in contact, while the
usual lifting and lowering arrangements for the roll will alter the depth of contact.
These adjustments for teeth and roll allow for any desired contact being obtained.
to suit the material being operated upon. The action of this roll is to comb out
the fibres without cutting them which is so essential in wood pulp papers especially,
and from the peculiar rubbing action, an opening, disintegrating or pulping effect
takes place.
This invention can be applied to existing rag engines either used as beaters,
washers, or potchers.
In connection with above a paddle may be employed in the existing rag engines
for bringing the pulp forward to the roll.
Dated the 26th June 1896.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96 Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Machines for Opening, Dis-
integrating or Pulping Paper Materials, Bedding Materials,
and the like.
We, JOSEPH AUGUSTUS LONDON, Papermaker, of 29 Eldon Street, Newcastle,
BENJAMIN CAWTHORN, Papermaker, Foreman, of Hylton, near Sunderland, and
DAVID NOBLE BERTRAM, Engineer, St. Katherine's Works, Sciennes, Edinburgh,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
This invention refers to improvements in and relating to machines for opening,
disintegrating, or pulping all classes of fibre used in the manufacture of paper,
cardboard, and similar materials, either in the raw or boiled state, or old papers, or
for flock or other materials used for bedding and the like. Such machines prepare
the fibre for the processes which follow, thereby lessening the time required in the
various succeeding operations.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of carrying same into practice
may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended a sheet of explanatory
drawings in which
Figure 1 represents an elevation and Figure 2 a plan view of a machine constructed
in accordance with our improvements.
Figure 3 is a detached sectional plan view to an enlarged scale showing the
arrangement of teeth, and Figure 4 is a similar view in elevation showing how the
teeth are attached to the drum.
Figure 5 is a like view showing the arrangement of wedges, and
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation showing the arrangement of teeth as applied to
a rag engine.
Referring to these drawings:-
Under one arrangement the machine would consist of heavy frames A on which
are mounted pillow blocks A¹ the pillow blocks being arranged with tapered or

page_text: wedge keys a as shown in Figure 5 or with set screws al as shown in Figures 1
and 2 for altering the positions of the drum B hereafter described. In these
pillow blocks A' revolves a steel spindle A' on which is keyed a drum B having a
series of malleable iron or steel teeth b fixed therein or thereon in any suitable
manner, one way being by bolts and nuts as shown in Figure 4. The teeth bare
conical in form, square or round or whatever shape that will suit the best for the
greatest amount of fibre to be treated by the machine. Surrounding the drum B
there is a circular easing C into which are fixed pieces C carrying teeth e of the
same form as described on drum B, mounted in such a way that the teeth can be
moved sideways or across the drum, to cause a contact on one side only of teeth
and also in such a manner as they can be moved to and from the drum B to cause
more or less depth of contact of the teeth. By the use of the wedge keys a or set
screws al for moving drum B and the above described adjustments for the teeth,
any desired contact can be obtained to suit materials being operated upon.
By this arrangement there will be more or less contact between the teeth b c to
give the opening disintegrating or pulping action. Instead of a fixed casing C an
outer drum with teeth on inner surface may be substituted by mounting same to
rotate in the opposite direction to the inner drum B.
The hoppe D for feeding in is at the top of the front side of machine,
constructed of cast or sheet iron and wood of suitable size to take in the
material.
The discharge is arranged on the under side at D' and such discharge can be
arranged so that the fibre as it leaves the machine can be delivered to travelling
bands which convey it to any part of the mill or into boxes.
To avoid the cutting up and shortening of the fibres which is the case with
ordinary rag engine rolls when bars in them are employed working on a plate
with similar bars below as is usual in the case of rag engines, we employ on
the rag engine roll as shown in Figure 6 segments B' of steel, brass, or iron with
serrated teeth b conical, round, or square, in section the size of the teeth at
the root being about 14" square, or any other convenient size to suit the
requirements.
These segments B are fixed on the periphery of the roll B by any suitable.
means, the teeth of these segments being arranged so that no pulp can pass
between roll and plate without being treated by the serrations as is the case with
ordinary rag engines, which allow the pulp to pass round in spaces between the
Below the roll B segments C' are fitted with teeth e of. suitable shape to it
those 6 on the roll B, such segments c being made of steel, bronze, brass or other
suitable metal, and the same to be fitted to face of plate C3 which in its turn will
be fitted into den below engine or it can be fitted into backfall. The width of
these segments namely, the part at which the contact begins and ends may bel
made any convenient width found suitable in practice. The plate carrying teeth
will be mounted in such a manner that each row of teeth can be moved end ways
so as to cause contact on one side of the teeth only, or both sides may be arranged
to come in contact while the usual lifting and lowering arrangements for the roll B
will alter the depth of contact. These adjustments for teeth and roll allow for any
desired contact being obtained to suit the material being operated upon.
action of this roll B is to comb out the fibres without cutting them which is so
essential in wood pulp papers especially, and from the peculiar rubbing action an
opening disintegrating or pulping effect takes place. This invention can be applied
to existing rag engines either used as beaters, washers or potchers.
The
In connection with above a paddle may be employed in the existing rag engines
for bringing the pulp forward to the roll.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said iovea-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. Machines for opening, disintegrating, or pulping paper materials, belding

page_text: materials and the like, constructed substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. In machines for opening, disintegrating, or pulping paper materials,
bedding materials and the like, the construction and arrangement of teeth
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Third. In machines for opening, disintegrating or pulping paper materials,
. bedding materials, and the like, the method of altering or regulating the positions
of the revolving toothed drum substantially as herein described in reference to and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Deted the 26th of March 1897
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96 Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.