IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."-A communication from
abroad by Elias Groat, Milo Bushnell Pond, and William Cantelow,
all of Napa, California, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 30th September 1871, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CRURNS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my

page_text: executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Elias Groat, Milo Bushnell Pond, and
William Cantelow, all of Napa, California, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and scal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming
a part of this Specification.
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
operation of churns for butter making, and it consists first in a novel
application of two parallel vibrating shafts extending across the churn,
and each provided with a series of peculiarly shaped arms or paddles
which beat the cream by motion imparted to them in opposite directions
and which after the butter is formed may be employed to gather and
work it by giving them motion in the same direction.
Figuro 1 is a perspective view of a churn constructed according to
the first part of this Invention; Figure 2 is a transverse section of
the same, with one of the shafts removed; Figure 3 is a plan of the
said churn with the cover removed.
Figure 4 is a vertical transverse section of a churn, provided with
operating mechanism according to the second part of this Invention;
Figure 5, 6, 7 and 8, show detached portions of the same.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is a box suitably formed to contain the
cream. This box is made with a containing capacity for an ordinary
quantity of cream. If the quantity is to be larger the churns are simply
made longer but the cross section remains the same in all. The bottom
of the churn box is curved upward at the sides forming a series of steps
C for the purpose of more thoroughly separating the particles of cream

page_text: while being operated upon by the dashers. At the two opposite ends
are fitted boxes B having sockets c for the gudgeons of two shafts D, D',
which extend across the churn. Between the sockets c is another
socket e the use of which will be presently explained. The shafts D, D',
are provided with downwardly projecting arms or dashers f and g,
respectively, the paddles or dashers being set or formed to stand at
an angle of about forty-five degrees with their shaft. The paddles
are also set at a similar angle on their shaft, but are arranged to stand
at or nearly at right angles with the paddles f. The paddles may be
operated by suitable machinery connected with their shafts, or by
the handles H which pass up through guards or protectors i on the
cover.
Cream being placed in the churn the paddles are set in motion in
contrary directions, onc set passing between the other set as they meet,
and thus thoroughly breaking up the body of the cream so that its.
particles will be acted on to make the necessary change. The butter
is thus quickly formed, and the two sets of paddles may then be made
to move in the same direction and so gather the butter. together; or
one of the shafts can be altogether removed and the other placed in
the socket e and thus be employed singly. When the paddles are in,
operation the cream will not be thrown out against the sides of the.
churn or slop over, the peculiar construction and action of the paddles.
preventing this result and allowing the churn to be casily kept in a.
clean and sweet condition.
Hitherto it would appear that much difficulty has been experienced
in transmitting a transverse reciprocating from a rectilinear motion to
effect the necessary action in operating churns having paddles on doublo.
parallel axes. The necessity of accomplishing this object will be
apparent by referring to the above-described Figures, wherein two.
such axes with paddles are operated by vertical handles, which as the
cream thickens up in the body of the churn are difficult to handle,.
especially in churns of large capacity. Were this the only object to
be desired the difficulty would perhaps never have been felt, but when
it is known and fully understood that the lower the temperature at
which the cream is acted upon to convert it into butter the better the
product will be, and that stirring with paddles having a reciprocating
or double transverse motion imparted to them is the most favourable

page_text: condition under which cream can be made into butter, the value of
this Invention will be at once perceived.
The design of the second part of this Invention is to cause the cream
to be carried from end to end of the churn until it is converted into
butter by the action of double curved paddles on parallel shafts
intersecting each other by a vibrating motion produced by lever power
transforming a rectilinear into a horizontal transverse motion.
In Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, A represents the framework of a box or
churn, to one end of which is attached a suitable frame B and B³, which
is provided with mortises for the working of the operating lever or
handle C¹. The lever is connected to a yoke D³ by means of a pin a'
passing through the upright arm D'. Each side of the yoke is provided
with a toothed rack E', the teeth of which engage the tooth of the
sectors F. The sectors F are cast with gudgeons b¹and a guard or
flange c¹ to prevent friction against or contact with the end of the
churn and are made boxing to fit the ends of the two parallel axes G'
to which the paddles d³, d, are fixed, and thereby take in the whole
dimension of the end of the arm. The opposite gudgeons H' are con-
structed in the same manner and receive the end of the axes or shafts
and operate in a bearing plate I' at the opposite end of the churn,
and when in position a latch J' shuts over the gudgeons to prevent any
upward movement, as represented in Figure 8. The operating lever
and frame are provided with holes f¹,f', so that the relative position
of the resistance between the fulcrum and power may be regulated at
will. In operating this apparatus the lever is raised and lowered after
the manner of working a pump or bellows, which causes the vertical
arm D³ to move up and down in the cross bar B³ of the frame and carry
with it the yoke with the racks on its arms which engage the teeth of
the segments and causes the parallel shafts to move alternately and the
paddles to cross or intersect each other's track in a regular and easy
manner.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I claim,-

page_text: Second, The vertical racks E' and toothed sectors F in combination
with the horizontal shafts G, G', provided with paddles or beaters
which intersect and cross each other's path, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)
Witness,
EDWARD C. JACKSON.