AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING WHEELS FOR ALL SORTS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, THOMAS
ROGERS, of Upper Baggot Street, in the County of the City of Dublin, Esquire,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of
November, in the fifty-third year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Rogers, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Thomas Rogers, my
exors, adñiors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
CONSTRUCTING WHEELS FOR ALL SORTS OF CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a provisoe, that if I, the said Thomas Rogers, shall
not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, that then the said Letters
Patent and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall
utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same Letters
Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Rogers, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly de-
scribed in manner following (that is to say)
I do make the nave or naves of the said wheels of cast iron, or such other

page_text: cast metal or metalic compounds as is or are commonly known to be appli-
cable to that or the like use and purpose. And I do make the spokes of
malleable iron or other malleble metal of sufficient rigidity and strength for
the spokes of wheels. And I do make the rim or rims or circular part or
parts either of malleble iron united together or along with cast iron or other cast
metal or metallic compound, of sufficient hardness and tenacity for the rims
or circular parts of carriages wheels, in the manner herein-after shewn; or
otherwise of good cast iron alone, or such other cast metal or metallic com-
pounds alone, as is or are commonly known to be fit and suitable for that
or the like use and purpose. And in the fabricating or constructing of the
said wheels I do make the spokes of wrought iron of the shape and form
commonly used, or of any other shape or form, and in such number in each
wheel as may be thought most conducive to beauty or strength or any ether
quality adapted to the respective purposes intended to be answered thereby.
And I do make the inner extremities of the said spokes either plane or else
in preference jagged, or otherwise indented, upset, or made rough, or so
fashioned as most firmly to become confined and fixed in the nave when cast.
And I do make the outer extremities of the said spokes notched or indented,
as to or in or upon the end surfaces thereof, in order to receive and support
a ring of malleble of about one quarter of an inch thick, and half an inch
broad, more or less, according to the required strength; or otherwise, but not
in preference, I do attach the said ring of malleble iron to the spokes, by
inserting the latter in holes in the said ring with or without rivetting, or by
any other obvious means or method. And further, I do make the rims or
circular parts of my said wheels, by first constructing the said ring of malleable
iron of the same or rather a less circumference than that of the intended
wheel, but so, nevertheless, as to be surrounded and firmly bedded in a cast-
iron or cast-metal rim to be cast thereupon, or otherwise to be on the external
of the casting as shewn, or on the inner surface thereof united with the
spokes; or the rim may be cast with or without the internal maleable. ring,
and after being cold or otherwise may be shod in the manner of wood wheels
or otherwise. And I do clean the surface of the said ring of malleable iron
and of the extremities of the said spokes from all rust or other impurity, by
means of mixture of oil of vitriol and water called pickle, by workmen or
by other known means; and do afterwards cover the surface with a solution
of borax or other flux capable of promotion the union or adhesion of the
cast iron or metal thereunto. And I do usually heat the said spokes and
ring previous to casting the said rim of the wheel; but this last operation,
though advisable, is not indispensibly necessary. And further, so soon as the
said spokes and ring, and pattern of the intended wheel shall have been so

page_text: prepared and in readiness, I do mould the said wheel, sand, or loam, or
compost, in the manner of founders or otherwise; and the mould being opened
I do lay the said spokes severally in their respective places along with the
said ring of malleable iron or metal, duly applied, set, and supported in the
notches, or by the means aforesaid. In this situation there will be a space or
cavity all round the said ring or otherwise on the inside only, in which the
rim intended to answer the purpose of fellies is to be cast; and I do accord-
ingly cast therein the said rim of fusible iron or metal as aforesaid. And
whereas, from the nature of metallic bodies and other substances, the same
will be of larger dimensions when hot than when cold, and the construction by
cooling is so powerful in its effects as to break assunder or bend, in other
respects to alter the figure of the parts of bodies which are subjected to a more
speedy cooling in some parts than in others, I do allow the said rim to become
considerable cold or quite cold before I cast the nave; and when or at any
convenient time after the said cooling has ensued, I do cast the nave in its
place upon the inner ends of the spokes, either solid or with a perforation and
cavity for retaining oil; and in such wheels as are cast solid in the nave, I
do open the central perforation by boring or turning, and do fit and compleat
the same, and the surface and fitting of the axle, by grinding or by means of
such other methods and tools as are well known to workmen; and in every
case I should advise true and fair centering and good fitting to be made in
every description of my said wheels.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Rogers, have hereunto set my
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of March,
in the year of our Lord 1813, the aforesaid Thomas Rogers came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirteen.