matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WASHING YARNS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Wever at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1864. Partly a communication from abroad by Christian Raiser, of
Obernzwil, in the Republic of Switzerland.
I, ALBERT WEVER, of Barmen, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR WASHING YARNS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to expedite the operation of washing hanks
of yarn. This I effect by the use of a novel arrangement of machinery by
which the hanks are submitted to a stream of running water. The banks
are hung upon rollers mounted loosely on axles affixed to an endless band, to
which a continuous traverse motion is given in a horizontal plane. This band
is carried by a pair of tension pullies set over a tank, through which a stream
of water constantly flows. The shafts of the pullies have their bearings in
segment-shaped supports, which rock upon rails fixed on the sides of the tank
to give a to-and-fro motion to the band of rollers. This motion is obtained
through a crank shaft, a connecting rod from which embraces the shaft of one
of the pullies. This connecting rod also carries a click or pawl, which takes
into a ratchet wheel on the pulley shaft, and thus imparts at every throw of
the crank an axial motion to the pulley, whereby the traverse of the rollers is
effected. Upon the rollers which project from either side of the band the

page_text: hanks are hung, and as the rollers como round and dip the hanks into the
tank a flange or collar of the rollers runs over rails provided to receive them,
and by friction of contact an axial motion is imparted to the rollers. Thus
the banks are carried through and slowly rotated in the water, and also have a
reciprocating motion imparted to them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES POR PUNCHING, SHEARING, RIVETTING, STAMPING, AND PRESSING, AND OTHERWISE OPERATING UPON OR WORKING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Krutzsch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
February 1864.
I, WILLIAM KBUTZSOH, of Scarborough Street, Goodman's Fields, E., do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
POR PUNCHING, SHEARING, RIVETTING, STAMPING, AND PRESSING, AND OTHERWISE
OPERATING UPON OR WORKING METALS AND OTHER MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a novel mechanical arrangement of parts for
giving motion to the sliding portions of the tool or machine to which the
punch, cutting, or other tool is attached. The sliding block or moving part
of such machines, say, for instance, of a punching machine, is enclosed in a
tube-like or other form of guide, the top of the sliding block forms a bearing
surface, in which one end of a link is received, the other extremity of this link
works in a suitably shaped recess, also forming a bearing surface for receiving
the thrust or pressure whilst the tool is performing its work. This recess is
formed in the head of the lever arm, which also receives the lower extremity
of another link; the top of this latter link works in a recess or bearing surface
formed in a steel die inserted in the top of the framing or standard of the
machine, so that the thrust due to the motion of the lever arm is expended
within the framing of the machine. A stud pin through the head of the
lever arms works and slides up and down in a slot formed in each side of the
framing of the machine. Short studs or pins are inserted into the links at

page_text: each of their axes, the top stud of the upper link being inserted through
the framing of the machine at each side, the stud or pin at the bottom of this
link and that of the top of the lower link being inserted through the head of
the lever arm, the bottom stud of the lower link being inserted into or
connected with the sliding block or tool holder, the function of these short
studs being to keep the several parts in their respective places, and to lift or
withdraw the sliding block or tool-holder after it has performed its work. For
communicating motion, and the necessary power to the lever, I prefer to employ
a screwed rod, one end of which is received in a bearing in the frame of the
machine, and in which it is free to swivel, the opposite end of the rod being
screwed, or the screw thereof may be at some other part of the rod, and the
Ecrew taking into a nut in the lever arm. The screwed rod may be turned
by a wrench or other suitable mechanical means, so that upon being turned
in either direction the lever arm is raised or depressed. Instead of the lever
arm being worked by a screw a compound lever, connected to the lever arm
of the machine by means of links, may be substituted, or any of the other well
known mechanical means may be employed for communicating motion and
power to the lever arm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING FIRE-WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS MORE COMBUSTIBLE AND ALSO IMPERVIOUS TO AIR AND MOISTURE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Marie Aubert de
Trégomain at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th February 1864.
I, FRANÇOIS MARIE AUBERT DE TRÉGOMAIN, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin,
Paris, and Stamford Street, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RENDERING
FIRE-WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS MORE COMBUSTIBLE AND ALSO IMPERVIOUS TO AIR
AND MOISTURE," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to a mode of rendering wood, scale board,
shavings, paper, pasteboard, and such like materials, more combustible and
impervious to air and moisture, so that they are made and kept more effective
for such purposes as the kindling of fires, and also fitted for packing, wrapping,
lining, and other like purposes. I effect this object by dipping them into.
melted paraffin, a portion of which being absorbed by them becomes solid. in.
cooling in their pores and on their surfaces.
A NEW SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR CLOSING, OR. SHUTTING WINDOWS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Standish at the
Office of the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
July 1864..
I, CHARLES WILLIAM STANDISH, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of.
Middlesex, Engineer, Smith and Wire Worker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR CLOSING, OR.
SHUTTING WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new apparatus of a self-acting nature applicable-
to the purpose of closing or shutting windows, in the event of rain occurring
while they have been left open, the advantage of the Invention being that
windows may be left open without fear of rain coming into the rooms.
I propose to construct and fix on a stand or pedestal of metal, a vertical
tube of a length of one, two, or three feet or more, according to the dimen-
sions of the window, the top of the tube being provided with a cup or funnel;
to the outer edge of the lower frame of the window a socket or dovetail
grooved metal plate is screwed, to receive a tenon or dovetail slide at the end
of an arched irou rod with a vertical stem somewhat smaller than the diameter
of the tube. The interior of the frame has attached to it on each side a
spring of vulcanized india-rubber or other convenient spring, the other end
being secured to the fixed frame or sill of the window.
When the lower frame of the window is raised against the action of the
springs, the stand with its tube is placed on the outer sill or ledge in such
position that the extremity of the stem of the arched iron or metal rod shall
be exactly over the orifice of the tube. A piece of loaf sugar or other dry

page_text: substance capable of resisting the. descent of the stem into the tube is to be
placed in the cup and on the orifice of the tube, and the stem is made to rest
thereon, and is thus prevented from descending into the tube. Now when
rain comes on the cup receives moisture, and rapidly dissolves the sugar or
other equivalent substance, the result being that the stem is rapidly drawn
down the tube by the action of the springs, and the window is shut down.
The upper sash frame may be connected with the lower one by means of a
cord passing over a pulley, so that both being open may be closed in the event
of rain falling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PETROLEUM AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBON OILS AND FATS OR FATTY BODIES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Duyck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1864.
I, JAMES EDWARD DUYCK, of Stamford Street, Blackfriars, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING PETROLEUM AND OTHER HYDRO-CARBON OILS AND FATS
OR FATTY BODIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining, by mixing or stirring them together
in equal or other proportions, disinfected or purified petroleum, and other
hydro-carbon oils, with acidified fats or fatty bodies, and in distilling the
mixture in stills or apparatus applicable to the distillation of fats and fatty
bodies, with or without the introduction of chlorine gas into the vapors
arising in the distillation.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING FORKS AND SPOONS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cockshott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
1864.
I, JOHN COCKSHOTT, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Brush Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING FORKS AND SPOONS," to be as follows:-
Two side frames or standards support two parallel shafts or axles (arranged
by preference one over the other) upon which are keyed or otherwise fastened
two pulleys or rollers over which passes an endless band on which brushes are
fixed transversely, and rotary motion is communicated to one of these pulleys
by means of a winch handle fixed on one end thereof. The pulleys, bands,
and brushes are enclosed in an outer case or box having two doors (one on
each side) and one of the pulleys is provided with movable bearings adjusted
by means of screws so as to keep the endless band at the proper tension.
The spoons or forks are secured by means of a light bar to two boards or rests
formed to receive them, and these boards are inserted in the case so as to bear
against the brushes and the doors are then closed. Upon turning the handle
the brushes moving with the endless band will clean or polish the forks or
spoons held by the rests. When one side of the forks or spoons is polished
the doors are opened and the forks or spoons are reversed and the other side
cleaned in a similar manner. The bottom part of the case is formed inside to
a semicircular sweep and is intended to contain emery or polishing powder
which the brushes take up as they pass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES, & IN PART OF THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, & TOOLS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Southwood Stocker,
Richard Gold, and Alexander Richmond Stocker, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th April
1864.
We, ALEXANDER SOUTHWOOD STOCKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, RICHARD GOLD, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and ALEXANDER RICHMOND STOCKER, of Wolver-
hampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HINGES, & IN PART OF THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, & TOOLS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in constructing circular or other shaped wheels
or instruments with their edges & surfaces arranged in such manner as to
have drawing, cutting, grinding, or filing surfaces thereon, for the purpose of
finishing more conveniently than the present mode adopted the knuckles or
joints of hinges, such circular or other shaped wheels or instruments being
worked by desirable machinery to be employed for that purpose. Also, in the
construction, manufacture, & employment of certain tools to be used in the
manufacture of such or other hinges.
IMPROVED MECHANISM OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Long at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1864.
I, JAMES LONG, of Wellington Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANISM
OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR STOPPING OR RETARDING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows:-
A steel spring, grip, or brake is applied to each wheel of any locomotive,
tender, carriage, or truck, as for instance, round a flange or disc, cast, bolted,
or otherwise secured to the inside of the wheel. One end of this steel spring,
grip, or brake is fixed to the framework or body of the locomotive, tender,
carriage, or truck; it then passes round the said flange or disc on the wheel,
and its other end is fixed to the buffer rod, which passes from end to end of
the locomotive, tender, carriage, or truck, and works through guides or
bearings. The buffer rods may be connected together by a cross bar (if
thought desirable) so as to ensure their more uniform action. Now when
any diminution takes place in the speed, or the locomotive is reversed, pressure
is immediately brought upon the buffers. Any pressure on the buffers at
either end moves more or less the springs attached thereto, which act pro-
portionately on each and every pair of wheels nearest thereto, thus forming
a powerful skid or brake, and tending to bring the train to a stop more or
less quickly as may be desired. When the pressure is removed from the
buffers the springs tend to bring the buffer rods back to their normal

page_text: position, and so free the wheels from the grip or brake netion of the said
springs.
A similar arrangement is applicable to omnibuses and other road carriages.
Also by a handle or lever gearing the railway guard, omnibus conductor, or
other attendant can put a stop into action and prevent the grips or brakes
operating on the wheels when necessary, and by these or similar means the
grips or brakes can at any time be put in or out of action.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1864.
I, SAMUEL YOUNG, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Circular
Sawyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to the production and application of a motive power
by means of the pressure of weights, and the improvements consist in a novel
combination, construction, and arrangement of mechanism for applying the
power so obtained to a crank shaft so as to constitute an engine. The weights
are to be applied in the form of ordinary "governor balls," connected to a
slide which presses upon one end of a series of bell crank levers, and so causes
another lever to slide or move a cylinder (having a diagonal rib on its surface)
along a key-way on the crank shaft, which sliding movement causes the ends
of two levers to act against the diagonal rib, so as by their friction to effect
the revolution of the cylinder and crank shaft, the opposite ends of such levers
also transmitting motion to a sliding block or spring which is connected by a
rod to the crank on the crank shaft, from which the "governor balls" receive
motion. Thus it will be seen that when the power of the engine is
beginning to be spent the weight of the balls by falling and pressing the
levers maintains the working power.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ECONOMIZING THE MANUFACTURE OF USEFUL ARTICLES OF LEATHER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1864. A communication from abroad by William Adamson,
of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Searle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, and No. 28, St. Enoch Square, in the City of Glasgow, Civi!
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ECONOMIZING THE MANUFACTURE OF
USEFUL ARTICLES OF LEATHER," (a communication to me from abroad by
William Adamson, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America,)
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in cutting from raw or untanned hides or skins, or
parts of the same, pieces of the size or about the size and form required for
useful articles of tanned leather, and tanning the said pieces after they have
been thus cut from the raw or untanned hides.
The object of the Invention is the economizing of the manufacture of the
sole and heel pieces and other useful articles of leather by a saving of time,
labor, and material in tanning, and by retaining the remnants after cutting
the articles from the skins in a condition which renders them of marketable
value.
In many cases the cutting of a number of useful articles from a strip of
leather involves the sacrifice in waste of one-fifth of the entire area and con-
sequently of the weight of the strip. It is true that waste leather has been

page_text: used to some extent for manufacturing and chemical purposes, but its value is
so trifling that it is not considered worth the cost of removal from place to
place.
If we take a piece of tanned sole leather weighing twenty pounds, and cut
from it as many desired articles of utility as possible, and there be a waste of
one-fifth of the entire piece, namely remnants weighing four pounds, and if
the cost of material and labor demanded in tanning the leather be calculated
at the moderate estimate of three pence per pound, the loss in obtaining
sixteen pounds of useful articles of leather will be twelve pence. In order to
avoid this loss, and render the remnants of marketable value, the Inventor
takes the raw hides or untanned skins, and cuts from the same pieces of a
form suitable for any desired articles of leather, and subsequently submits
these pieces to the process of-tanning,--leaving the remants to be converted
into glue, gelatine, or into size for paper makers. Small pieces of leather
also can be tanned with greater rapidity than large pieces, and consequently
there is a saving both of time and labor.
-
A CLOCKWORK MAGNESIUM LAMP, WITH REFLECTORS, MAGNIFIERS, AND CONDENSERS FOR THE BURNING OF MAGNESIUM WIRE TO PRODUCE POWERFUL LIGHT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alonzo Galord Grant at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1864.
I, ALONZO GALORD GRANT, of the Long Row, Nottingham, Photographist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CLOCKWORK
MAGNESIUM LAMP, WITH REFLECTORS, MAGNIFIERS, AND CONDENSERS FOR THE
BURNING OF MAGNESIUM WIRE TO PRODUCE POWERFUL LIGHT," to be as follows:-
A clock lamp for the combustion of magnesium wire to give a constant
light. The wire is wound on spools, and one or more of the spools are placed
in a cylinder with a slot in the band, the cylinder being fast to the handlo
with a cap on the front, so as to allow the spools to unwind. The wire is
passed through the slot in the band of the cylinder, and and thence through a
flat conducting tube to two rollers driven by clockwork, which can be regulated
to run the required speed according to circumstances and the rate of com-
bustion. After the wire or wires leave the rollers it enters another tube of
cork or metal, which conducts the wire through the reflectors, or to the point
where the centre of light required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMMUNICATING BETWEEN ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN AND ANOTHER PART THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1864.
I, THOMAS TURNER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Foreman
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMMUNICATING BETWEEN ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN AND ANOTHER
PART THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement whereby any message or instruc-
tion may be passed between the guard and driver or between a passenger and
the guard or other official. With this view I propose to place a speaking
tube or tubes along the whole train or along any desired portion thereof, and
to carry branches therefrom into the passenger compartments or any portion
of them, so that a warning in explanatory words may be transmitted to the
guard or conductor, who may in like manner, if necessary, order the train to
be stopped.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CON- STRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CONDENSING BY EXTERNAL SURFACE THE STEAM USED IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Holmes Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1864.
I, ROBERT HOLMES WRIGHT, No. 6, Ingram Court, in the City of
London, Manager of the General Iron Screw Collier Company, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CON-
STRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CONDENSING BY EXTERNAL SURFACE THE STEAM
USED IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a refrigerator in the bottom of the vessel
under the engine-room floor or any other part of the ship which is made
perfectly water-tight, and forms an inner skin or double bottom, in which
space the condensers are fixed, entirely surrounded by a continuous supply of
water taken in at the sides or fore body of the vessel, and discharged in the
run, or most suitable place after having performed its refrigerating operation;
the inlets and outlets are regulated by valves, which can be shut off when not
required, and the ordinary condenser used by reversing a valve in the eduction
passage for that purpose, the condensers being continuously surrounded by
water, and supplied at the rate of the vessel's progress through the water,
which must always remain at nearly the same temperature; this object being
obtained without the aid of air or any other pumps must relieve the engines
of all that power required for working this at present indispensable adjunct,
and effect a great econemy in fuel, the only pumps required in connection

page_text: with the engines are the usual feed pumps for supplying the boilers, also a
small pipe to make good any waste of water that may ensue.
I do not claim by this Invention originality in surface condensation, or the
outer skin of the ship for that purpose, but claim any part of the bottom of
the vessel for placing the condensers, which are encased in a refrigerator
entirely surrounding the condensers with water, as in a bath, and, as before
stated, the water being taken in at the sides or fore body and discharged at
the stern or run of the vessel.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND FOR RAISING OR FLOATING SUNKEN OR STRANDED SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alexander Paterson Mac-
Bride at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 27th July 1864.
I, JOHN ALEXANDER PATERSON MAC-BRIDE, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Member of the Liverpool Academy of Fine Arts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND FOR
RAISING OR FLOATING SUNKEN OR STRANDED SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
In carrying my Invention into effect I send, in the first instance, divers in
diving dresses, assisted by diving bells, if necessary, under water to examine
the hull of the ship to be raised or floated, and cause them to close up or
cover any apertures or holes in the said hull by suitable apparatus, preferring
as the covering the shield which I have invented for this purpose, and have
herein-after described, and as means of fastening the said shield or other
covering to the skin of the ship, the method described herein-after in con-
nection with the said shield. I then after the above operations have been
performed, if such be necessary, pass the suction pipe of a lift pump into the
hold of the ship, and at the same time I pass into the said hold another pipe,
which terminates or is made to fit just under the deck or skin part of the ship
nearest the surface of the water, or at the greatest elevation, and which is
most likely to remain so; through this latter pipe by a suitable pump I force
air, so that as the water is removed by the lift pump the force pump will send
in air to take the place formerly occupied by the water.

page_text: The shield which I have invented is constructed by hinging or otherwise
fitting closely or tightly together a number of boards, battens, or plates of timber,
metal, or other material, or by fitting boards, battens, or plates together in
the manner of or like "louvre boards." All the holes or apertures in the
skin of the ship, or supposed holes or apertures, are or should be covered over
by shields of the above construction, the whole of the front side of which, that
is, that side which is brought into contact with the skin of the ship, is covered
over or lined with a padding or layer of felt, india-rubber, or other elastic
material, so that as the water is extracted from the hold of the ship the
external pressure will bring the said shield or shields close up against the
skin of the ship around the holes or apertures therein.
My improved method of fastening the shields consists in forming in ships'
skins, by piercing with drills or other tools, holes or apertures, and thereinto
fixing pins or pieces to which there may be connected or secured by cords,
chains, or other convenient means, the shields above named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, BOOKS, AND ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Shether at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1864.
I, CHARLES SHETHER, of Edmund's Place, Aldersgate Street, in the City of
London, Manufacturing Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR PURSES, BOOKS, AND
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
I form my improved fastenings of three metal plates or pieces, one of which
is fixed to the body of the purse or book, and has an opening similar to a key-
hole in it; the other two plates are superposed one on the other, and placed on
the external tab or flap of the purse or other article, the lower piece being
fixed thereto, while the upper piece partially rotates thereon on a pin or axis
which keeps the two parts together; this pin projects through the lower plate,
and has a part projecting radially therefrom which is free to enter the keyhole
before mentioned, the axis occupying the part corresponding with the barrel of
the key. The plate to which the axis is fixed is outermost, and may be turned
readily with the fingers, but is furnished with stops. to arrest it in suitable
positions, that is to say, when the key-piece is in position to allow the purse or
other article to be opened or to retain it closed. In purses or portemonnaies
and such like articles, I fix the keyhole plate to the side of the body of
the article, and the superposed plates on a flap that laps on that part, the hook
or right-angled part and axis entering the keyhole; the upper plate is then
turned on the axis, producing the fastening required. For books I apply

page_text: the keyhole plate by preference to the side cover of the book, and carry a flap
from the other cover round the edge of the book to provide for the fastening
required, or the fastening may be applied to parts disposed at the edge of
the book in the position of an ordinary book clasp. By preference I make
the superposed plates before mentioned of an oval form, which cover and
coincide with each other when the fastening is secured, but when turned to
the open position the long axis of the one oval lies across the other; other
-forms-and-arrangements-of-these-plates may be adopted,_and_the_key_or
catch piece may have two parts (radii from the axis) instead of one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1864.
I, MICHAEL SCOTT, of No. 26, Parliament Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in constructing ships or
vessels. It has been proposed to construct ships or vessels with a complete
skin of iron, and to apply wooden planking both externally and internally,
this planking being secured by bolts through the whole. This method of
construction has not come into use, and is objectionable principally because
the vicinity of the copper sheathing to the iron bolts will cause the rapid
destruction of the bolts.
Now according to my Invention I employ an iron structure, and combine
therewith external and internal planking, which I secure by means of wooden
trenails driven through both the plankings and through the iron structure, the
iron structure having holes formed in it to allow the trenails to pass through,
the two plankings are thus drawn together and nip the iron structure firmly
between them. The planking is caulked both externally and internally.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COLORING OR STAINING THE COTTON OR BACK OF UNION SILK FACED' VELVETS, OR OTHER MIXED, CUT PILE, LOOPED, OR 'RAISED' FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Preston Worrall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th February 1864.
I, JAMES PRESTON WORRALL, of Ordsall, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer
and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF COLORING OR STAINING THE COTTON OR BACK OF UNION SILK
FACED' VELVETS, OR OTHER MIXED, CUT PILE, LOOPED, OR 'RAISED' FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
I take either the dry extract of logwood, fustic, or any other material con-
taining dyeing matter, or the woods or substances either in combination with
any mordant or base, or solely a mixture of such woods or dyeing substances,
or any other simple or compound coloring matter, whether made from aniline
or derived from any other source, and to dissolve such substances in either
methylated spirits or alcohol, or other suitable solvent, and to add such liquor
or decoction to a stiffening substance composed of shellac and methylated
spirits of wine, or any other material containing stiffening properties and
suitable for the purpose. The cloth is to be passed through a suitable machine
containing the stiffening solution made as above indicated, and afterwards
dried, the decoction or liquor made of methylated spirits or alcohol and any
coloring matter, as above named, may be used solely without mixing with the
stiffening solution, the cloth being treated exactly as when the stiffening
solution is used. By this process I am enabled to color the cotton contained
in the fabric either black or any color which may be required.

page_text: Secondly, where the stiffening solution used is composed of water and gums,
or gelatine, or other substance containing stiffening properties, I propose to
dissolve the wood extract or coloring matter before named in water, and to
mix the solution obtained with the stiffening solution, and proceed to
manipulate the fabric exactly as above stated. The woods or coloring matters
may be simply dissolved in water, and the fabric passed through the solution
in a suitable machine without stiffening solution being used.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wheeler, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1864.
I, JAMES WHEELER, of the Poultry, in the City of London, and of Regent
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Glove Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for an "IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GLOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that part of kid and similar gloves known as the
welt, which has usually consisted of a doubled or folded piece of white
leather stitched round the top of the glove, the effect produced being that of a
white binding or edging contrasting with the color of the glove, when such
gloves are made of a dark color. In wear it is found that a white welt soon
becomes soiled and dirtied, and such soiling being readily perceived de-
teriorates considerably from the general appearance of the glove, giving a
soiled or worn appearance to the whole.
Now, according to this Invention, it is proposed to dye or print that portion
of the welt only which appears on the outside of the glove of a color corres-
ponding to that of the glove itself, whereby the soiling is rendered less
perceptible, whilst at the same time the inner surface of the welt, or that
which comes in contact with the wrist of the wearer, being left without die or
color, no soiling of the wrist can occur by the escape of the dye or color
during wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith and John Guest
Fildes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 7th June 1864.
We, WILLIAM SMITH and JOHN GUEST FILDES, Ironfounders and Engineers,
both of Elton, near Bury, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in various improvements in the Macarthy gin, by
which any suitable number of rollers can be made to revolve, and a corre-
sponding number of blades or beaters made to move to and fro in a horizontal
line from one driving shaft having two cranks, and working in bearings at one
end of the framework of the machine. At the end of the driving shaft is fixed a
pinion gearing into a spur wheel to which is fixed a crank pin, and the shafts
of the rollers which work in bearings in the framework have each at one end
a crank of the same length as that on the spur wheel, and all the cranks are
connected together by one connecting rod, so that when the spur wheel
revolves all the rollers revolve together at the same time. The blades or
beaters are connected to bosses fitted to circular rods or connected to blocks
fitted to bars or slides, and both rods or bars are held stationary in a hori-
zontal position. The blade or beater nearest the driving shaft is connected
by connecting rods to the cranks of the said shaft, and all the blades or
beaters are connected together by rods, so that when the cranked driving
shaft revolves all the blades or beaters move to and fro at the same time in a

page_text: horizontal line, the movements of the beaters being as much faster than the
revolutions of the rollers as the pinion is less than the spur wheel. The
stationary steel doctors are fixed to plates which lead the seed to the seed
boxes supported on brackets or standards fixed to the lower part of the frame,
and the hoppers for feeding the cotton to the rollers are attached to the top of
the frame above the rollers, and by means of these improved arrangements we
can construct and work cotton gins having a large number of rollers and
beaters with great economy and efficiency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THRASHING GRAIN AND SEED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moritz Meisel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1864. A communication from abroad by Isidor Pintus, of Berlin, in
the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, MORITZ MEISEL, of Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THRASHING GRAIN AND SEED," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or apparatus
for thrashing out grain or seed from the ear or pod, whereby the breaking up
of the straw or stalk is to a great extent avoided, and the operation of
thrashing out the grain or seed is more advantageously performed, the
machinery or apparatus arranged and constructed according to this Invention
being very simple and inexpensive as compared with the machinery and
apparatus usually employed for this purpose.
The arrangement of machinery or apparatus which it is preferred to employ
according to this Invention consists of a wheel or disc mounted upon a vertical
or horizontal axis (by preference the latter); this wheel or disc is formed by
preference conically on one side (or it may be on both sides), and consists of
a rim or ring connected to a central boss by inclined arms with open spaces
between them, the external surface of such arms acting as beaters or rubbing
instruments, and being caused to revolve at a short distance from a fixed or
stationary rubbing surface, composed by preference of a series of similar bars
to those forming the surface of the revolving wheel or disc. The space

page_text: between the revolving bars or beaters and the stationary rubbing surface may
be regulated by a screw or other suitable mechanism to cause the axis of the
wheel or disc to slide to and fro in its bearings; or the stationary rubbing
surface may be capable of adjustment to move it nearer to or farther from
the revolving wheel or disc, to which motion is communicated by suitable
mechanism, so as to impart a high velocity to the periphery of the wheel. A
hopper is placed near to or above the space between the revolving wheel and
the stationary rubbing surface, into which the wheat or other grain or seed to
be thrashed is placed, so as to be fed into the machine. The operating parts
are enclosed by a casing to receive and conduct away the grain or seed as it is
thrashed out.
In place of forming the surface of the revolving wheel or disc as before
described with a conical surface it may be formed with flat or curved surfaces,
and in place of the spaces between the bars or beaters being left open they
may be closed in at the back, thus forming the surface into channels
or grooves, the stationary rubbing surface being formed to correspond
therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, TO FACILITATE THE COMMUNICATION OF PASSENGERS FROM CARRIAGE TO CARRIAGE OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cotton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1864.
I, CHARLES COTTON, of La Valette, Grouville, Jersey, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES,
TO FACILITATE THE COMMUNICATION OF PASSENGERS FROM CARRIAGE TO CARRIAGE OF
A RAILWAY TRAIN," to be as follows:→
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway carriages to
facilitate the communication of passengers from carriage to carriage of a
railway train. For these purposes the ends of railway carriages are made
with openings through them, from which portions of tubular passages project,
so that when two carriages are connected together a complete opening or
passage will be formed between the hinder part of one carriage and the fore
end of the next carriage, by which a passenger in the one carriage may com-
municate through the tubular passage to the passenger or passengers in the
next carriage, and thus may communications from passengers in one carriage
be readily transmitted by the passengers in other carriages to the guard and
engine driver with facility in any case where such communications become
desirable or necessary. Where carriages are divided into compartments by
close partitions, openings suitable to allow of communication from one com-
partment of a carriage to another compartment are also to be constructed in
addition to those in the ends of the carriages above explained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE AND IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Brownlow Hugh Mathew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1864.
I, BROWNLOW HUGH MATHEW, of Saint James', in the County of Middlesex,
Lieutenant Royal (Bombay) Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE AND IN
CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to breech-loading arms, and consists in connecting a
movable breech to the rear of the barrel or barrels in manner hereafter stated.
At the back end of the barrel or barrels, and parallel with the axis thereof, I
form or apply a tube in which a leg projecting forward from the breech is
made to work. By preference I form a double thread on the leg, which works
on a corresponding thread in the tube. A screw or bolt or other stop prevents
the parts becoming separated beyond such distance as is necessary for the
insertion of the cartridge, except when required for the purpose of cleaning
or otherwise. I form a lump on the side of the barrel and fit an arm or
lever on the side of the breech, which turning on a pin wedges up and
secures the breech in close contact with the rear end of the barrel; or I use
a bolt or fastening of any convenient form for securing the breech to the rear
of the barrel after the parts have been brought into position for firing. The
position of the tube and the leg may be reversed. I do not limit myself to
fixing the tube exactly parallel with the axis of the barrel, nor to the employ-

page_text: ment of screw threads. For small arms the breech carries a tail pin and is
attached to the stock in the usual manner. The barrel is separately stocked.
My Invention in cartridges consists in the employment of a case, the back
end of which has a flanged rim prolonged or enlarged at one part to carry a
percussion cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'SPINDLE BANDS' USED IN SPINNING FRAMES AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Newton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1864.
I, ROBERT NEWTON, of Lower Providence, in the Parish of Keighley, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'SPINDLE BANDS' USED IN SPINNING
FRAMES AND OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:―
The object of my Invention is to produce or manufacture what are technically
termed "spindle bands" (used in spinning frames and other machinery) of a
more durable quality than those in present use. For this purpose I make my
spindle bands a mixture of cotton with flax, tow, hemp, or china grass, instead
of wholly the former fibre as is now the practice, finding from experiments
that the above admixture neutralizes in a great measure the elasticity of the
cotton, and consequently in such measure reduces the tendency to "slackness "
of bands in use, and also that it materially increases the strength of the bands,
and consequently renders them more durable. I prefer the proportion of flax,
tow, hemp, or china grass, to be about 30 per cent. of the total; bands manu-
factured of the above-named admixture are composed of threads and strands
in the ordinary manner, and may be "cable laid" or "plain laid" as desired,
but it is essential that the "twist" of the flax, tow, hemp, or china grass
thread be the reverse of that of the cotton thread with which it is placed in
contact, that is to say, if the cotton thread has a left-hand "twist," the flax,
hemp, tow, or china grass thread must have a right-hand "twist.".
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO RELEASE INSTANTLY ANY VEHICLE WHEN THE HORSES RUN AWAY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Robert Hofmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1864.
I, JULES ROBERT HOFMANN, of 10, Cranbourn Street, Leicester Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO RELEASE INSTANTLY ANY VEHICLE
WHEN THE HORSES RUN AWAY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a series of double rings with bolts and springs
proper to be applied to all sorts of harnesses, carriages, carts, vans, and other
vehicles, by means of which the horses can be instantly released from the
vehicle in case of danger. To attain that object I use, instead of the roller
bolts or hooks ordinarily fixed on the splint bar of the carriage, a series of
double rings, between which the loops of the tresses are fastened by bolts, of
which the driver has full command to remove instantly by means of a chain,
cord, strap, or other fastening leading from the seat and attached to the bolts,
thus releasing the horses from the vehicle when required. I use the same
system of double rings to the end of the pole of the carriage, where they are
kept in their proper place by a spring which get loose by the pressure of the
rings when the horses go forward.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND DRIVER OF ▲ RAILWAY TRAIN IN MOTION
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Cashin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1864.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK CASHIN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS, GUARD, AND DRIVER OF ▲
RAILWAY TRAIN IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an apparatus for attracting attention to the carriage
or waggon in which it may be used, and for enabling the guard to communi-
cate with the driver and direct the stoppage or otherwise of the train.
In a convenient part of the top of each carriage I place a globe or other
vessel of suitable form charged with compressed air; into this vessel, which
may be taken off and replaced like a lamp, as many atmospheres may be
forced as will furnish a charge of any desired pressure; this may be done at
particular stations by means of an engine and fixed pump, or by a portable
pump at the disposal of the guard. To the top of the air vessel I attach a
railway whistle, trumpet, or other instrument suitably voiced, on which the
compressed air may be set free to act by turning a plug by means of a lever
connected with it, and to the end of this lever is fastened a cord which passes
on pulleys through and under the roof so as to be accessible, and may be
pulled in each compartment of the carriage. The angle which the lever forms
with the top of the carriage will reveal the vessel from which the air shall

page_text: have been discharged, and for the purpose of regular inspection guage
secured to each vessel, so that it will be at once apparent should there be any
escape of air to occasion reduced pressure.
The alarum in a passengers' carriage may be easily recognized by a peculiarity
of tone and by the prolonged and gradual diminution of sound, but the sound-
ing of such alarum is not to have the effect of a peremptory summons to stop
the train.
To the guard's van I attach a vessel of similar construction to the one herein-
before described, substituting for the lever a handle, same as the handle of an
ordinary steam whistle, and by this means, pursuant to any preconcerted
arrangement, the guard can direct the driver to stop the train, go slowly, or
proceed to the next station, as the exigencies of the moment may dictate.