CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORGES AND ON BELLOWS, OR APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREWITH OR SEPARATE
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HALLEY, of Holland Street, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Iron
Founder and Blowing Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing.date
at Westminster, the Fifth day of March, in the sixth year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Halley, His especial licence, that I, the said William Halley, my
exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Halley, my
exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FORGES AND ON BELLOWS, OR APPARATUS
TO BE USED THEREWITH OR SEPARATE;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso obliging me, the said William Halley, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within four calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Halley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the
following description thereof (that is to say):-
My said Improvements in the Construction of Forges and on Bellows, or
Apparatus to be used therewith or separate, consist, in so constructing the
forges as to render them more conveniently portable and useful than I believe
has hitherto been effected. In order, however, the better to explain my said
Invention I shall proceed to describe the various Figures contained in the
Drawing, which, as aforesaid, is annexed to this Specification, and in all
of which said Figures the same letters of reference indicate the similar parts.
Figure 1 is an external top view, and Figure 2 a side view of the box or
forge hearth A, as when shut up for the conveniency of carriage, stowing
away, &c., and so contrived as to hold or contain the frame or stand, the
bellows, and other parts to be hereafter described, within it.
Figure 3 is a representation of the forge hearth A, with its cover removed,
and the frame, bellows, and other parts contained within it, and Figure 4 is a
side view of the forge hearth with the front plate removed, in order to shew
the parts lying upon each other within it.
In Figure 5, B is a flat oblong ring made of wrought iron, having four conical
holes C, C, C, C, made in it, one at each corner of it, as shewn in section at C,
in Figure 6. D, D, D, D, are four wrought-iron pillars or standards having
conical shoulders upon them at their lower ends to fit into the conical holes
C, C, C, C, in the ring B. and one of which is shewn separately in Figure 7 at E.
These four pillars or standards when placed within the holes in the ring B
constitute the frame or support of the forge, and as shewn in Figure 5.
Figure 8 is one corner of the ring B, shewn separately, and Figure 9
exhibits in section another corner of it, as thickened or strengthened, in order
to admit of a deeper hole C being made in it when necessary.
In Figure 10, F is another oblong wrought-iron frame or ring, having a loop
or eye G, G, G, G, at each inner angle of it, which are lodged upon the
shoulders H, H, H, H, made near the top of each pillar of the frame
Figure 5, and thus support the ring in its place; within the ring F are secured
the two staples or slides I, I, shewn in Figures 10 and 11, upon which the
transverse bar J, shewn separately in Figure 12, slides backwards and forwards;

page_text: and at one end of the ring a door K, hung upon the hinges L, L, and secured
by the fastening M, is to be placed, the use of which, and of the sliding bar J,
will be described hereafter. The forge hearth A. is lodged and rests upon the
loops G, G, G, G, of the ring F, it having a hole made at each corner of it to
receive the upper ends N, N, N, N, of the pillars and standards D, D, D, D,
and as shown in Figures 18 and 14, which represent in section these several
parts as united together; Figures 15 and 16 being external views of them.
Having thus described the method of combining the different parts forming
the forge frame and hearth, I shall next proceed to describe the construction
of the bellows, and the manner of fitting them to the forge. In Figure 17
O shews the lid of the bellows, and which is shewn in section in Figures 18
and 14, and in elevation at Figures 15 and 16. It will be seen that the
bellows are made much broader at their fore part P, P, than the bellows in
common use, and in consequence of which, although they occupy no more
space under the forge hearth than the usual tapering bellows would do, yet
they contain a much greater quantity of air for the blast. The top and bottom
of the bellows O and Q are also formed of sheet or cast iron plates, which may
be made sufficiently heavy to render the usual weights generally unnecessary,
although they may occasionally be added when wanted. The leather of these
bellows is secured by screws or nails to two wooden frames R, R, and S, S,
shewn in section in Figures 18 and 14, and by dotted lines in Figure 17, and
which frames are hinged to the wooden front T of the bellows, which is affixed to
the middle or division board U. The joints are made air-tight in the usual manner
by having slips of leather nailed over them. Two, three, or more valves V,
opening upwards, as shewn in Figure 18, are to be provided in the middle
board, and in the lower or bottom moveable plate of the bellows. W, W, are
two trunnions (shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 17), formed at the ends of a flat
iron bar X, shewn in section in Figure 18, and by dotted lines in Figure 17,
which is secured to the middle board U of the bellows. These trunnions lodge
under two hooks Y, Y, shewn in Figure 5, which are formed upon the two
sides of the ring B, and support the bellows at one end, the other end T having
two other hooks Z, Z, in it which hang upon one of the ends of the ring B, as
shewn in Figures 13, 16, and 17. a, in Figure 18, is the conducting pipe, which
leads the air from the bellows to the nozzle b.
socket c, altached to the end T of the bellows.
following manner :-din Figures 3, 4, 18, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21, is a bent
lever turning upon the bearings o, e, which act in the half holes f, f, formed upon
the ring B; & formed arm 9 is affixed at right angles to the lever d, having a
friction roller hat its end, which acts against the lower moveable plate Q of
This pipe a is fitted upon a
The bellows are worked in the

page_text: the bellows, as shewn in Figures 13 and 15. i, i, are two stems affixed to the
bent lever d, upon both or either of which may be placed a handle, Figure 22,
or handles, having a socket or sockets at its or their ends to fit the stems i, i,
and by depressing and elevating the handle or handles the bellows are actuated.
k, in Figures 1, 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 28, and 24, is the cast-iron forge back,
which is hung by the two hooks 1, 1, to one end of the forge hearth A, as shewn
in Figure 16, the hooks passing through the holes m, m, made in the end of
the hearth to receive them. n is the cast-iron tuyere, shewn seperately in
Figure 25. The tuyere n has a tapering hook o affixed to it, which is passed
through a taper hole p (shewn in Figure 23) made in the forge back k to
receive it. On the hook o being passed through this hole and suffered
to drop as low as it can, the tuyere n is securely fixed in its place in
the forge back kr, and as shewn in section at Figure 24. 7 is the lid or
cover of the forge hearth A; it is hung to it by the hinges r, r; when
raised up, as shewn in Figures 13, 14, and 16, it can be retained in a
vertical position by the two bolts 5, 8, being slided into the staples t, t, which
are affixed to the end of the forge hearth A, as shewn in Figure 16. When
the lid q is shut down, as shewn in Figures 1 and 15, it lodges upon the
shoulders n, n, on each side of the forge back k, and prevents it from being
taken out of its place. The lid is fastened down by means of the hasp v and
staple w, through which the bow of a padlock may be passed. In this state
the forge may remain standing ready for use at any time, the hearth being
covered with coal or other fuel as usual, and the tongs, &c. locked up safely
within it. In case of the forge standing upon a ship's deck, when it is
desirable to be able to wash the deck occasionally, the bellows are contrived to
be raised or lifted up out of the way and to be supported at those times.
In order to effect this object, the door K in the ring or frame F is to be
opened, the bellows removed from their place below, and the socket c of the
conducting pipe a lodged within the hole or cavity a, made in the ring F to
receive it, the sliding bar J being previously slipped forwards towards the door
K (see Figure 10); when the socket c is securely lodged in the cavity a, the
bar J is to be slipped back as far as it will go in the shoes I, I, and the bellows
will then be supported in an effectual manner. It is evident that the bellows
and conducting pipe, and also the forge back and tuyere are equally applicable
to other forges or hearths as to this described.
I do not mean or intend hereby to claim as my Invention any of the parts
But I do
constituting this Invention which are already known or in use.
hereby claim the manner of constructing and fitting the frame together, and
of supporting the different parts upon it, and also of enclosing the frame,

page_text: bellows, conducting pipe, forge back, and tuyere within the box or forge hearth,
also the new forms given to the bellows and conducting pipe, and the
improvement in the forge back and tuyere.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Halley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five..
WILLIAM (LS.) HALLEY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of July, in the year
of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid William Halley came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and twenty-five.