Improvements in the Manufacture of Glass Bottles and other Hollow Glassware, and in Apparatus relating thereto.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Lelt, 16th Sept., 1890-Accepted, 8th Nov., 1890
Improvements in the Manufacture of Glass Bottles and other Hollow
Glassware, and in Apparatus relating thereto.
We JOSEPH JOHN CANDLISH of The Bottle Works, Seaham Harbour in the
County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer and WILLIAM HALL of Seaham Harbour
in the same county, Manager of Bottle Works, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of glass bottles and
other hollow glassware and in apparatus relating thereto.
For this purpose we employ in the first place a press mould consisting of parts
jointed together to form a half shoulder mould and other parts jointed together to
form a small body mould joined so as to constitute a continuation of the half shoulder
mould above referred to.
All these separate portions of the pross mould, may be united, or detached or
opened, by placing in position, or removing, spring or other suitable clamping devices
in the manner generally adopted for uniting or disuniting parts of ordinary bottlo
moulds.
The half shoulder mould corresponds in shape and size with the shape and size of
the neck of the bottle or other article of glassware to be formed, and is fitted with
a hollow or solid plug of the diameter of the orifice required. This hollow or solid
plug projects into the small body mould and forms a pillar around which the molten
glass introduced into the small body mould is pressed by means of a piston or presser
fitted so as to enter and move freely in the cylindrical part thereof. By this means
we produce a bloom representing approximately the bottle or other article of glass-
ware to be produced. That is to say a bloom having the neck and mouth formed the
full size required with half shoulder and small substantial body extending there-
from capable of being expanded during the blowing operation hereinafter described
so as to form the extension of the shoulder and the full size of the body as
desired.
For the purposes of the blowing operation we open the parts which form the
small body mould and connect the half shoulder mould with a full size body mould
so shaped internally as to produce the required continuation of the half shoulder
mould blending with the full size body mould.
This full size body mould is fitted with a movable bottom capable of being fixed
in the required position to determine the length or height of the glass bottle or other
article of glassware to be blown therein and the blast of air to effect the blowing is
introduced through the hollow or solid plug projecting from the half shoulder
mould as herein before described and capable of being withdrawn from the finished
bottle or other article of glassware by means of a lever connected therewith.
Instead of the hollow or solid plug herein before mentioned we may substitute a
divided plug consisting of any couvenient number of prongs extending from a base
to which a rotatory motion is imparted so that in effect the rotating prongs may
perform the functions of the previously described hollow or solid plug and the air
blast for blowing passes through the base centrally between the prongs.
By this means the surface of the metal in contact with the mouth of the bottle or
other article of glassware is curtailed and the damage which in some cases would

page_text: occur owing to the inequalities in the rates of contraction of the heated metal of the
plug and the heated glass, is avoided.
It is obvious that this object may alternatively be attained by rotating the bottle in
its mould or by rotating the mould with the bottle therein contained, the divided plug
in both these cases remaining stationary.
Dated this 16th day of December 1889
AYRTON & THOMAS,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Glass Bottles and other Hollow
Glassware, and in Apparatus relating thereto.
Wo JOSEPH JOHN (ANDLISH of The Bottle Works, Seaham Harbour in the
County of Durham Glass Manufacturer and WILLIAM HALL of Seaham Harbour
in the same county Manager of Bottle Works do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
:described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of glass bottles and
other hollow glassware and in apparatus relating thereto.
For this purpose wo amploy apparatus shown in the accompanying drawings in all
the figures of which the same part is indicated by like reference letters.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the apparatus employing a stationary plug for forming
the bottle mouth, the press inould being in position for prossing the molten glass
placed therein.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the same apparatus showing the press mould inverted to
deliver the partly formed article of glassware from the small body mould to the full
size body mould.
Figure 3 is an elevation of the same apparatus showing the full size body mould
in position for completing the blowing operation.
Figure is an elevation of similar apparatus in which however the plug for forming
the mouth of the articles of glassware is caused to revolve during the pressing
operation, the motion being derived from the movement of the rotating full size
body mould.
Figure 5 is an elevation of apparatus similar to that shown in Figaro 4 but
showing independent gear motions for the revolving plug and for the rotary full
size body mould.
The press mould A consists of several parts jointed together to form a half shoulder
mould connected with a small body mould constituting a continuation of the half
shoulder mould above reforred-to.
All the separate portions of the press mould A may be united, or detached or
opened, by placing in position, or removing spring or other suitable clamping devices
such as springs B, hinges C and clamps D; that is to say, in the manner generally
adopted for uniting or disuniting parts of ordinary bottle moulds.
The half shoulder portion of the press mould A corresponds in shape and size
with the shape and size of the nock of the bottle or other article of glassware
to be formed and is fitted with a hollow plug E of the diameter of the orifice
required.
This hollow plug E projects into the small body mould and forms a pillar around
which the molten glass introduced into the press mould A is pressed by means of a
piston or presser F fitted so as to enter and move freely in the cylindrical part thereof
by means of a lever L retained in its normal position by the spring M.
By this means we produce a bloom representing approximately the bottle or other
article of glassware to be produced. That is to say a bloom having the neck and
mouth formed the full size required with half shoulder and a small substantial boily
extending therefrom capable of being expanded during the blowing operation herein-

page_text: after described so as to form the extension of the shoulder and the full size of the
body as desired.
For the purposes of the blowing operation we open the parts which form the small
body mould and connect the half shoulder mould with a full size body mould G so
shaped internally as to produce the required continuation of the half shoulder mould
to complete the matrix for the finished article of glassware.
The full size body mould G is fitted with a movable bottom to determine the length
or height of the glass bottle or other article of glassware to be blown therein and the
blast of air to effect the blowing is introduced through the hollow plug E projecting
from the half shoulder mould as herein before described and capable of being withdrawn
from the finished Lottle or other article of glassware by means of a lever J controlled
by a spring K.
Instead of the hollow plug herein before mentioned we may substitute a divided plug
consisting of any convenient number of prongs extending from a base to which a
rotary motion is imparted so that in effect the rotating prongs may perform the
functions of the previously described hollow plug E, the air blast for blowing passing
through the base centrally between the prongs. By this means the surface of metal
in contact with the mouth of the bottle or other article of glassware is curtailed and
the damage which in some cases would occur owing to inequalities in the rate of
contraction of the heated metal plug and the heated glass is avoided.
It is obvious that this object may be attained alternatively by rotating the bottle
in its mould or by rotating the mould with the bottle therein contained the divided
plug in both these cases remaining stationary.
We prefer however in all cases to rotate the full size body mould G as by that
arrangement bottles are produced having seamless bodies. In Figures 1, 2, and 3
we have shown driving mechanism for this purpose consisting of a countershaft N
fitted with a band pulley P and a grooved pulley Q communicating by a driving cord
with the grooved pulley It upon the axis of the mould G two guide pulleys S intervening
to change the direction of the driving cord.
R
When the hollow plug E is to be rotated its motion may be derived from that of
the full size body mould G by a band or cord communicating with a pulley H on a
countershaft T carrying a spur wheel U to engage with another spur wheel V upon
the hollow plug E when the mould A is in position for pressing its contents by
the piston or presser F and to be disengaged therefrom when the mould A is
inverted and rotated into position to communicate with the rotating full size body
mould G.
The driving mechanism for the rotating full size body mould G and for the hollow
plug E
may be arranged independently as shown in Figure 5 the mould G being put
in motion by the palley P' the countershaft N and mitro wheels W W and the hollow
plug Ebeing put in motion by the pulley H the countershaft T and the mitre
wheels XX.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the saine is to be performed, we would have it understood that we
are aware that it has been previously proposed in the manufacture of glass bottles and
the like to use a press mould in which molten glass has been pressed upon a
stationary plug to form the neck and part of the shoulders of the article. We are
also aware that that it has been proposed to manufacture glass bottles and the like by first
producing a bloom or parison with the neck and part of the shoulders formed in one
mould, and subsequently blowing this out to form the full sized article in a second
mould; we therefore make no claim for such improvements, but we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In apparatus for making bottles and other hollow glassware a press mould in
which the melted glass is pressed by a piston or presser about a rotating plug
introduced into the press mould to form completely by the pressing operation
the mouth and part of the shoulders of the articlo to be subsequently finished by
blowing substantially as described.

page_text: 2. In apparatus for making bottles and other hollow glassware wherein the bloom
is transported to a full size body mould in which to complete the article by blowing;
means for rotating the full size body mould to avoid seams or mould joint marks
upon the body of the finished article of glassware substantially as described.
Dated this 11th day of September 1890.
AYRTON & THOMAS,
Agents for the Applicants.