IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, and of- 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
North Britain' Gentleman for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry, Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th January 1859.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES," a communication
from Jacques Louis- Lemaire Daime, residing at Paris, in the Empire of
France, Merchant, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to various improvements in the apparatus employed
in the manufacture of paper cigarettes, and to certain improvements in the
construction and arrangement of pocket cases for containing cigarettes, and the
Dis 211

page_text: apparatus used in the manufacture thereof in a compact and portable form.
The improvements consist,-
First, in so modifying the form of cigarettes by making them less tapered or
conical than heretofore, that one mould will be capable by the aid of certain
graduated divisions marked on the rammer of making cigarettes of different
lengths and of all numbers without detracting from the elegance of their form.
Second, in the application and use of paper tubes, which are split or cut
down to a certain distance at the larger end, so as to form a number of tongues,
and facilitate thereby the introduction of the funnel.
Third, in making the lower portion of the head of the rammer conical, for
the purpose of opening out the split end of the paper tube, and thereby prepare
it and fix it inside the mould.
Fourth, in the addition to the upper portion of the rammer head of a cylin-
drical part, slightly hollowed, by applying which to the thick end of the
cigarette the latter will be effectually closed.
Fifth, in the addition to an ordinary or to my improved cigarette of a paper
mouth-piece or tube, fitted internally with. a perforated diaphragm or partition,
which will have the effect of preventing the tobacco from being drawn into the
mouth of the smoker.
Sixth, in graduating or marking of divisions on the rammer for the purpose
of fixing the length of the cigarette.
!
Seventh, in making the mould of metal and the funnel of caoutchouc or
other flexible material, in order to afford facility for placing the apparatus and
its accessories into an ordinary sized cigar case, suitably arranged to receive
on one side the paper tubes, the mould, and rammer, with the funnel and a
set of mouth-pieces, whilst the other half contains a number of cigarettes and
a fusee holder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
send' greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES," a communication
from Jacques Louis Lemaire Daime, residing at Paris, in the Empire of
France, Merchant, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to various improvements in the apparatus employed
in the manufacture of paper cigarettes, and to certain improvements in the
construction and arrangement of pocket cases for containing cigarettes, and the
apparatus used in the manufacture thereof in a compact and portable form.
The improvements consist,-
First, in so modifying the form of cigarettes by making them less tapered or
conical than heretofore, that one mould will be capable by the aid of certain
graduated divisions marked on the rammer of making cigarettes of different
lengths and of all numbers without detracting from the elegance of their
form.
Second, in the application and use of paper tubes, which are split or cut
down to a certain distance at the larger end, so as to form a number of tongues,
and facilitate thereby the introduction of the funnel.
Third, in making the lower portion of the head of the rammer conical, for
the purpose of opening out the split end of the paper tube, and thereby prepare
it and fix it inside the mould.
Fourth, in the addition to the upper portion of the rammer head of a cylin-

page_text: drical part, slightly honowed, by applying which to the thick end of the
cigarette the latter will be effectually closed.
Fifth, in the addition to an ordinary or to my improved cigarette of a paper
mouth-piece or tube, fitted internally with a perforated diaphragm or partition,
which will have the effect of preventing the tobacco from being drawn into the
mouth of the smoker.
Sixth, in graduating or marking of divisions on the rammer for the purpose
of fixing the length of the cigarette.
.
Seventh, in making the mould of metal and the funnel of caoutchouc or
other flexible material, in order to afford facility for placing the apparatus and"
its accessories into an ordinary sized cigar case, suitably arranged to receive
on one side the paper tubes, the mould, and rammer, with the funnel and a
set of mouth-pieces, whilst the other half contains a number of cigarettes, and
a fusce holder.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of. Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents an external eleva-
tion of a cigarette mould complete, constructed of wood, and Figure 2 is a
plan of the same; Figures, 3 and 4 represent respectively a vertical and hori-
zontal section of the preceding Figures; Figure 5 is a separate view of the
rammer; Figures 6 and 6 represent a vertical and horizontal section of the
paper mouth-piece for the end of the cigarette; Figure 7 represents the two
portions which forms the head of my improved. rammer; Figure 8 shews the
peculiar form of the paper tube destined to receive the tobacco; and Figure 9
shews a cigarette complete; Figures 10 to 14 represent an elevation, plan, and
section of the apparatus above referred to, constructed in metal.
It will be observed from these Figures that the mould and paper tube are
rather less conical than the apparatus hitherto used. This modification of
form permits of various sized cigarettes being made from the same mould.
To facilitate the introduction of the feeding mouth or funnel A in the paper
tube (Figure 8), I slit the end of the tube into four or more tongues a. For
this purpose I make the lower part B of the head of the rammer of a conical
form, and when the rammer is introduced into the tube this conical part
spreads or opens out the tongues a,. as shewn in Figures 3, 4; and 12. The
paper being afterwards placed in the mould C, the rammer (Figures 5 and 14)
is withdrawn, and the funnel A. inserted;, which holds the tongues a against the

page_text: sides of the mould, thereby securely fixing the paper tube firmly and securely
in its place. I propose to call this improved paper tube the "tulip tube" on
account of the resemblances which it bears to that flower. The paper tube and
funnel A being thus disposed, a small cylinder or short tube D (Figures 6
and 6) of cardboard or strong paper is dropped into the bottom of the mould C
for the purpose of forming the mouth-piece of the cigarette, the diameter of
these short tubes being just large enough to fit tightly the lower end of the
paper tube, as shewn at Figure 9, where it is shewn firmly fixed in its place.
This short tube D is of sufficient consistency to resist moderate
pressure and moisture, so that the cigarette will be preserved "uninjured until
it is entirely smoked out. In order to form a base or foundation for the
tobacco, I insert a small disc b, made' of paper pulp, inside the tube D, and
perforate the centre thereof at o. The tobacco may then be rammed in at
pleasure by means of the apparatus Figures 5 and 14, which shew the rammer
marked out into suitable divisions of, say, half inch and quarter inch spacés, so
that the ramming may be stopped at any period according to the length of
cigarette required, the divisions on the rammer serving to indicate when the
cigarette has had sufficient tobacco introduced. To still further facilitate
the manufacture of cigarettes of any given length, the rammer may be per-
forated at intervals, and a moveable stop pin 'inserted transversely therein, so
that the ramming may proceed without' particular attention until the stop pin
strikes the funnel, when the cigarette will have attained the proper length.
The next operation is the closing or twisting the end of the cigarette; for this
purpose the tongues a of the paper tubes are simply twisted together in the
form of a tail c (Figure 9). This tail is introduced into an opening d made
in the upper concave end of the rammer head, and a slight pressure is applied,
at the same time turning the rammer, thereby fixing and solidifying the
tobacco at this part. The cigarette is now expelled from the mould by simply
pushing the thin end, when will be ready for smoking. In order to render.
the entire, apparatus portable, I construct the mould C of metal, of copper for
example, and the funnel A of some flexible material, such as leather.or
caoutchouc. The diameter of the apparatus will thus be found to be suffi-
ciently small to be capable of insertion into an ordinary sized cigar case,
wherein I propose to adjust it with a packet of paper tubes contained in a
suitable sheath or case; as shewn in red lines in Figures S, mouthpieces, and
other necessaries for smokers. Figures 15 and 16 represent the.com-
bination, by means of which I am enabled to pack into a small pocket case the
articles requisite for the making of cigarettes Figure 15 is a plan of the
interior of one of those-cases. In the compartment A is fitted a packet of

page_text: cigarette tubes a, the mould, funnel, and rammer, and the mouth-pieces c. In
the compartment B are the manufactured cigarettes d and match box e. All
the articles are separately inserted into metallic bands or rings i fixed securely
to the bottoms of the compariments; Figure 16 shews a case fitted solely
with cigarettes d and matches e; Figure 16 is a section of the case, shewing
in red lines the inclination which may be given to the bottom of the com-
partment to facilitate the withdrawal of a cigarette or other article therefrom;
Figures 17 and 18 represent respectively a plan of the cigar case and a
transverse section of the case containing the various apparatus shewn in
Figure 15; Figure 19 represents a transverse section of a cigar case con-
structed entirely of wood, each half A and B being made in one solid piece,
hollowed out by suitable cutters. By this means very light cigar cases may
be made without the aid of any metal work. These cases are obviously
applicable to other uses than as simple cigar holders. On referring to
Figure 16, it will be observed that the rings or bands, i are so disposed in the
two compartments A and B, that when the case is closed the cigarettes on one
side will lie in the spaces between the cigarettes on the other side, thereby
considerably reducing the necessary thickness or bulk of the case.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general construction and arrangement of apparatus employed in
the manufacture of cigarettes, as herein-before described.
Second, the general arrangement of pocket cases or holders for carrying
making the feed or funnel mouth of flexible material, as herein-before
described.
Third, the adopting of such a form of cigarette as will admit of various
lengths of cigarettes being made in the same mould by the aid of a graduated
or divided rammer, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the slitting of the top of the paper tube into a number of tongues for
the purpose of facilitating the insertion of the funnel, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the making of the lower portion of the head of the rammer of a conical
or tapered form, to facilitate the opening of the mouth of the tube, and the
fixing of it with the mould, as herein-before described..
:
Sixth, the forming on the upper part of the head of the rammer a hollow
cylindrical projection slightly conical inside, for facilitating the complete closing
of the larger end of the cigarette, as herein-before described.

page_text: Seventh, the application and use to and in cigarettes of a mouth-piece having
a perforated disc therein, as herein-before described and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Eighth, the graduating or dividing of the rammer in the manner and for the
purpose herein-before described.
Ninth, the constructing of cigarette moulds in thin metal, and also the
making of the feed or funnel mouth of flexible material, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)