Improvements in and relating to Circular Knitting Machines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 12th June, 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Circular Knitting Machines.
I JOHN WILLIAM WATTS, Hosier's Factory Manager of Countesthorpe in the
County of Leicester do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particulary described in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to knitting machines of the cylindrical class wherein the
needle cylinder is stationary and the cams for operating the needles are attached to
the inner surface of a cylinder that is made to revolve around the needle cylinder
when knitting circular web or made to reciprocate about a portion of the needle
cylinder and needles for knitting a flat web or fashioning a web. One part of this
invention consists in an improved frame cam cylinder A. Figs. 1 and 2 which not
only acts as a cam carrier for operating the frame needles A¹ and also when desired
for regulating the length of loops drawn by the frame needles but also as a cam
ring or needle ring A2 the said needle ring acting as a guard for preventing both the
ribbing and the frame needle latches from closing when the loops pass off their latches
onto their steins. For regulating the length of the loops drawn by the frame needles
in this case I form the cam cylinder of two rings A3 and A' which are united by a
screw nut or collar A³, the lower ring As has its upper end tapped with a left hand
cut screw thread and the lower part of the ring or nut A has a left cut thread to fit
onto the ring A³. The upper end of the nut A has a right hand cut screw thread
and the lower end of the upper ring A¹ has also a right hand cut thread to fit into the
upper end of the nut. It will thus be seen that when the nut A' is turned in one
direction it draws the two rings closer together and when turned the reverse way it
separates them. The lower ring is prevented from rising by the shoulder A on the
needle cylinder, the diameter of the said cylinder being reduced at its lower end and
the needle cylinder being made fast to the machine base by set screws I attach a
handle A to the nut A5 for the purpose of turning it, the said handle being readily
adjustable to any part of the said nut and the nut is kept in its desired position by
the arrangement A®.
For the purpose of keeping the two rings A3 and A* from revolving separately
when the nut is turned I form projections or fit on studs A on the edge of one ring
that fit into recesses A10 in the other. It is obvious that if preferable the screw
threads may be cut on the cylinder rings and nut the reverse way to that just
described that is to say the left hand cut thread may be on the lower end of the upper
ring and the right hand cut thread on the upper end of the lower ring. When a
more delicate or finer adjustment of the cams is required I adopt the following
modification. I only unite one of the cylinder rings to the collar or nut by a running
screw thread, the other ring being united to the collar by screws passing horizontally
through the side of the collar A their inner ends fitting into a horizontal groove cut
in the outer face of one of the cylinder rings, or I may fit a ring or sections thereof
into the horizontal groove and unite the said ring or sections to the nut or collar by
the aforementioned screws. It will thus be seen that the nut is free to move all
round the cylinder ring but is held from rising or falling by the sides of the horizontal
groove and also that the upper cylinder ring is raised or lowered only half the distance
that it is when the right and left cut screw threads are used. The whole of the cams
and the raceway that the butts of the vertical needles work in are attached to the
inner surface of the upper ring A' and are raised and lowered altogether thereby
avoiding variation in the width of the cam raceway. The nut A' is secured against
accidental movement by the spring pawl A" engaging in notches therein. I thicken
the upper edge of the cam cylinder, forming a rib A1 Figs. 1 and 2 on the inner
side so that it overhangs the cams, this rib or needle ring serves as a stop to arrest

page_text: the needle butts when the said needles are raised out of action of the knitting cams
while making heels of stockings &c. or I may cut a portion of the inner edge of this
thickened part away at A" Figs. 10 and 10 on each side of the yarn carrier for the
purpose of drawing the butts of the inoperative needles through when making heels
and toes thereby preventing their jamming against the outer ends of either the guard
cams or the depressing cams. I also cut a portion of the inner edge away at A" to
make room for the needle latches to open or close as the needles ascend or descend
to form new loops.
When using the double butted needles in the machine I thicken the upper parts of
the rim so that as the upper butts of the needles pass over them the lower butts are
prevented from catching against the depressing cam.
For preventing the frame and the ribbing needle latches from closing when their
loops pass off their latches onto their stems I attach a needle ring A³ or sections of a
ring to some revolving part of the machine preferably to the cam cylinder. The inner
edge of the said ring is for preventing the frame needle latches from closing and its
underside at the slot A prevents the ribbing needle latches from doing likewise.
For rapidly removing the needles to and from the frame cylinder, I form a vertical
section of the cam cylinder and needle ring into a binged gate which is fastened by a
similar arrangement to that described in Patent Specification No. 15345 of 1885.
Instead of the rim being formed out of the solid cylinder it may be made separately
or in combination with the upper needle ring and attached to the cam cylinder by
suitable fastenings.
Another part of this invention consists in a more simple arrangement of cams than
has been used heretofore in this class of machine. I may use a simple V shaped
depressing cam B' Fig. 4 and this I attach to the inner face of the cam cylinder or
to a plate that is fitted to slide vertically in a recess formed in the face of the cam
cylinder, the said plate being raised and lowered by the thumb screw arrangement
shown and described in the drawings and specifications of Patent No. 15345 of 1885.
Or I may construct the depressing cam in two parts B' and B Fig. 5, the upper part B¹
being rigidly attached to the cam cylinder and lower part B either attached to the
sliding plate or the plate may be dispensed with and the lower part of the can
formed out of or attached to the nut that the thumb screw works in.
If the
depressing cam is made in two parts as just described and shown in Figure 5 I form
a central recess or bay in the upper edge of B and also cut away a sufficient portion
of the under edge of the upper part of the cam B₁ to allow plenty of room for the
needle latches to move either in or out of the slot B³ between the cams, thereby
preventing breakage of needles.
Whether I use a depressing cam constructed in one part or divided into two parts
as just described I shape the upper inner edges so that they stand higher than the
upper outer edge as shown in Fig. 7, that is to say, I undulate or slope the upper
edge of the cam so that if the end of the needle latches should descend in a line with
the top of the cam, the bevelled or knife edge of the cams would turn them up
instead of jamming them.
During the operation of making heels and toes &c. a certain portion of the needles
have to be put out of action of the cams, I may arrange the depressing cams B¹
in the cylinder as shown by Figs. 3 and 5 leaving the usual passage way B' for the
butts of the inoperative needles to travel in between the upper edge of the depressing
cam and the underside of the needle ring, but I preferably arrange the cams to fit
close up to the under side of the needle ring as shown by Figs. 4 and 6 so that there
are not any points of cams to catch against the needle butts, and when I raise the
needles out of action I draw the needles sufficiently high until the butts are above
the needle ring, the said butts passing through the openings A" (Fig. 10) in the
needle ring, the said ring acting as a guard to protect the needle butts from jamming
on the outer ends of the depressing cams.
Instead of the double depressing cams shown in Fig. 5 I may use the modification
shown by Fig. 6 in which the depressing cam B2 is rigidly attached to the sliding
plate B and the stationary depressing cams B₁ are rigidly attached to the cam

page_text: cylinder so that their outer ends are fitted close up to the needle ring A* by which
the ends of the cams are guarded from jamming the butts. The upper edges of the
three cams being undercut as shown in Fig. 7 and previously explained.
By another modification Fig. 3 I arrange one cam to do the whole of the work of
elevating and depressing the vertical needles; this cam works between my improved
double butted needles as shown, but instead of the outer ends of the cam being fitted
close up to the underside of the needle ring as previously described I attach the cam
to the sliding plate or cam cylinder so that its outer ends are between the horizontal
rib and the underside of the needle ring, the said rib and needle ring preventing
the needles from either rising or falling as illustrated in Fig. 1 which ensures the
end of the cam passing between the two needle butts without any possibility of
jamming. When the cam has passed between the needle butts, the needles are
depressed by the lower edge of the cam acting upon the lower butts and then
elevated by the upper edge of the cam acting on the underside of the upper
butts.
When making heels and toes 1 raise the inoperative needles until their upper
butts pass through the opening All (Figs. 10 and 10*) in the needle ring A' and
the lower butts over the top of the depressing cam B³. The upper side of the needle
ring or rib is thickened at A so that if the needles are not raised sufficiently high
for the lower butts to pass over the end of the depressing cam, the thickened
parts A of the needle ring will raise the said needles by operating on the under
side of the upper butts. If I use movable upthrow cams by which the needles are
raised from their lowest to their highest working positions at two different stages
and at two different points in the circle I may use those shown at B5 Fig. 5 or
that pattern of upthrow cams as shown in Fig. 61 of my former drawings of
Patent No. 6235 of 1887 by which the loops lie on the open latches of the needles
during the greater part of the revolution of the can cylinder as is well understood.
But I preferably arrange my upthrow cams to be stationary as shown at B Figs. 4
and 6 so that the needles are raised from their lowest to their highest working
position at one part of the cylinder, the loops lying on the stems of the needles during
the greater part of the revolution of the cam cylinder.
When the needles are raised out of action of the cams, their upper ends have a
tendency to fall inwards which causes their lower ends to catch against the recesses
in the needle ring. To prevent this inconvenience and to keep the needles vertical
when they are drawn up into their highest or inoperative position I fit a supporting
plate or ring A Fig. 1 to the back of the needles, being set so that it reaches
nearly to the top of the needles when the needles are in their highest working
position; then when they are raised into their inoperative position, the supporting
plate holds them in vertical position. This plate or ring is supported by an arm or
arms A" whose lower end is attached to the cam cylinder at A18.
When making ribbed work the supporting ring may be fastened to the ribbing
attachment; when using the ribbing attachment I however preferably dispense with
the specially constructed supporting ring and shape the ribbing cam plate C Figs. 8
and 9 so that it will do for two purposes, firstly to carry the cams and secondly to
support the vertical needles in an upright position. When the said needles are in
their inoperative position, I may make this cam plate circular and of such a size that
its periphery fits up against the back of the vertical needle stems when they are in
their highest working position. I preferably form a recess or bay in its periphery
opposite the place where the needles are changed from dial to cylinder or vice versa.
This recess or bay may be fitted with a piece to complete the circle of the plate and
be hinged so that it can be readily removed into or out of the recess when desired.
For rapidly raising the needles at the back of the machine from their working raceway
into their inoperative or idle position prior to making the heel &c. I use needles on
the back half of the machine which have their butts a little longer than those that
work in the front half and I fit two cams D D, Figs. 10 and 10" to slide vertically on
the inside of the cam cylinder (one cam upon each side of the yarn carrier) in
recesses formed at the back of the horizontal rib D. These cams only extend far

page_text: enough inwardly from the cam cylinder to engage with the long butted needles, a
pin D is attached to the back of each cam and passes through a vertical slot D³ in
the cam cylinder the ends standing out horizontally a short distance from the
circumference of the cam cylinder.
my
The teeth of the
Two cams D are attached to the upper side of the driving cog ring one cam upon
each side of the yarn carrier in such a manner that whichever way the machine is
worked, one of the said cams D₁ come in contact with the outer ends of the pins D²
and so raises up the cam D to its highest position which causes the whole of the
long butted needles to ascend into the idle raceway; this part of
invention I will
explain more fully when describing how I automatically make heels &c.
The cog ring A+ and the cam cylinder A are made in two parts.
cog-ring Amesh into the teeth of the driving wheel (not shown). The said wheel
being fastened to the driving shaft (not shown). Upon the upper surface of the
cog-ring Ais fastened the yarn carrier (not shown) and a projection or lug A 1.
The bottom of the cam cylinder revolves upon the bed plate of the machine and just
clear of the top of the cog-ring A recess is formed in the bottom end of the cylinder A.
Or instead of the recess I may put on two lugs standing out horizontally. When
the cylinder is placed in position for work the recess or the two lugs is placed so
that the lug A on the cog-ring fits in it. It will thus be seen that when the cog-ring
is turned from left to right the lug A comes in contact with the right projection or
right side of recess and so revolves the cylinder A. Then on reversing the motion
of the cog-ring the lug A moves away from the right lug or side of recess leaving
the cylinder A at rest until the lug Astrikes the projection or side of recess on
left side, the cylinder is then also reversed.
The two cams D D are attached to the cam cylinder and the two cams D* are
attached to the top of the cog-ring and so arranged that when the lug A is close
to the lug or right side of recess on cylinder the cam D located on the left side will
be under the pin of the cam D; as soon as the cog-ring is reversed the cam D* draws
from under the pin of the cam D while at the same time the other cam D4 passes
under the pin of the cam D on the right side.
When the machine is doing rotary or round about knitting the needles are not
required to be raised out of the working raceway, to prevent them from being so
raised I pivot the cam D4 (that is located on the left side of the machine) so that it
will turn up or back as shown by dotted lines in Figs. 10 and 10" which prevents it
raising the upthrow cam. When the two elevating cams D D are out of action,
their points or upper ends lie slightly below the surface of the horizontal rib or
track D as shown on the right side of Figs. 10 and 10ª.
Improved needles suitable for use in either ribbing attachment or frame cylinder
form another part of this invention.
By constructing and arranging the cam cylinder and the cams thereon as previously
described I have reduced the liability to breakages to a minimum and by the same
arrangement I am enabled to use iny improved needles as shown in Figs. 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
The following are my present improvements over all previously made combination
dial and cylinder needles.
First a shorter heel or tail which reduces the liability of the butt to spring off the
cams and at the same time enables me to construct a machine of a smaller diameter
than where needles with longer heels or tails are used. Second I dispense with the
extra part shown in Figs. 57 to 60 of my drawings of Patent No. 6235 of 1887 the
said parts being numbered 181 and 184. By dispensing with this extra part I get
the needle cylinder much stronger as the partitions between the grooves are not so
liable to fracture as when the grooves are cut deeper. Third I have dispensed with
the bevelled pointed butts thereby leaving the needles much stronger than when the
butt is partly filed away.
By constructing the needles as shown I am enabled to change them from the
ribbing dial into the frame cylinder and vice versa with even greater rapidity than
when using any of my previously designed clear stemmed needles.

page_text: It is optional whether I use needles having one frictional shoulder like Fig. 11. or
whether they have two like all the other Figures. The novelty of the needles shown
at Fig. 14 and 15 lies in their having two butts on the front stem, the said butts and
the friction shoulders being formed out of and turned up in front and parallel with
the main stem of the needle whereby in changing the needles from the ribbing dial
to the vertical cylinder and vice versa the loops upon the needles are free to slide
from one end of the stem to the other without any obstruction from either of the
front butts or the friction shoulders. E is the main stem, E¹ the heel, E a back or
rear butt. E the lower friction shoulder E the lower front butt, E³ apper friction
shoulder E upper front butt, the friction shoulders are for keeping the needles at
the back of the needle grooves so that the needles wear longer and the machine runs
more steadily. I will next describe my ribbing cams for operating the double butted
needles.
Referring to Fig. 18. C¹ is the outer outthrow cam, ( knocking over cam, C³ inner
outthrow cam, welt cam, C³ outer dwell cam, (inner dwell cam, C7 guard cam.
The cams are so arranged upon the cam plate that neither of the butts can catch the
ends of any of the cams.
:
When the needles are transferred from the vertical cylinder to the dial, their butts
pass through the opening of the cams marked C. The cam plate moves in the
direction of the arrow.
When the first end of the cam Creaches the needles it
passes between the butts and they are forced outwardly until the loops pass off
their latches on to their stems. The other end of the cam C then draws back the
needles by the inner side of the arm operating on the inner side of the
butt E. The knocking over cam C then next forces the needles to their innermost
position by the cam operating on the outer side of the butt E until the loops are
knocked over.
Meanwhile the butt E' has passed through the opening in the cams C and arrived
on the inside of the cam C³ which cam passes between the two butts E and E7 and.
the needles being forced outwardly by the cam operating on the inner side of the
butt E. The welt cam C³noxt passes through in a similar manner, still forcing the
needles slightly outward; the cam C next follows, and by the time the needles have
got to the centre of the cam C the needles will project sufficiently far over the edge
of the dial to be readily caught hold of by the thumb and finger for transferring
purposes. The needles continue in that position with the loops on the top of the
needle latches until the front arm of the cam C¹ again passes between the two butts
when the same process is again repeated as just described. When making a welt,
the cam is moved into the position shown by the dotted lines and the needles,
instead of being drawn outwards on to the cam C³ remain in the inner circle, the
cam C passing between the butts of the needles; which renders the needles inoperative.
The welt cam is pivoted at C10 and is operated in a similar manner to that described
in my former specification No. 6235 of 1887.
The knocking over cam is pivoted at C" and is made adjustable to and from the
centre by a set screw C Fig. 9, passing through a slot in the cam plate C and
clamping the cam to the plate when it is in the desired position.
For driving the ribbing cam plate C whether there are single or double butted
needles in the machine; and for timing the ribbing needles to the frame needles I
use the following improvement. A bolt C¹³ see Figs. 8 and 9 is fitted in the vertical
hole C in the ribber arm (15 as shown by Figs. 8 and 9. A small stud C¹ is fitted
in the side of the bolt to slide in a vertical slot C cut in the upper side of the
hole When the bolt is in its higher position the stud lies on the top of the
ribber arm (1 but when in the lowest position the stud lies at the bottom of the slot
as shown in Fig. 8. A block or projection C18 pivoted so that its sides are at different
distances from its pivotal centre is attached to the cain plate by a screw 01; this
block stands higher from the top of the plate than the other fittings so that when
the bolt is put in its lowest position, the lower end will knock against the
side that is next it without risk of catching against the welt or knocking over cam
screws. The block having varying sides is for regulating the length of loops the

page_text: ribbing needles make. If the bolt impinges against the side of the block that is
nearest the centre, the ribbing needles then form their smallest loops. And when
the block is turned so that the bolt impinges against the side that is farthest from
the centre, the ribbing needles then form their longest loops. The block may
have four or six varying sides or more or less.
My next improvement relates to a conical ribbing needle bed. Heretofore conical
needle beds have been steep in this class of machine that when the rubbing needles
descend to throw off their loops the hooks of the said needles passed down the empty
needle grooves of the vertical needle cylinder which made it difficult to feed the
ribbing needles with yarn. My improvement consists in making the conical needle
bed much flatter so that as the yarn is being fed to the vertical needles the yarn feed
lays the said yarn across the ribbing needles. I also make the upper edge of the
vertical needle cylinder conical. The advantage I gain by this pattern of cone over
a flat needle bed is that I get more room for my ribbing needles to work in
consequently can make a machine of a smaller diameter than when the same number
of needles are used in a flat dial machine. It will not be necessary to illustrate this
part of my invention because I use similar kinds of needles and cams in the conical
ribbing attachment as I use in the flat dial except that the cams instead of being
flat are curved to fit the cone.
Another part of this invention consists of the following mechanism by which I am
enabled to make improved fashioned fabric such as stocking legs, knitted shirt or
vest sleeves &c. To the underside of the ribbing needle bed F Figs. 19 and 20 arg
fitted two depending stationary lugs, one on each side of the dial whose lower ends
impinge against two other stationary lugs attached to the inside of the needle
cylinder.
I cut the needle grooves F¹ in the dial of a V shape as shown by Fig. 19 that is
to say, wider at their outer end and gradually narrowing until the inner ends are only
just wide enough for the needle to slide freely in them; by thus widening the
grooves I am enabled to make the fore ends of the needles work in two positions
over the top of the vertical cylinder one over the posts, and the other over the
grooves of the cylinder. For the purpose of guiding the needles in each position
I form a small slot F through the dial in the centre of each groove and fit into each
slot a stud F whose lower end is formed into a head F that is larger than the
slots, the studs F3 are loosely fitted into the slots so that their upper ends lie level
with the upper surface of the dial or needle bed and are free to move sideways in the
slot across the grooves, the studs being held from falling out of the dial by a circular
plate F attached to the underside of the dial for the heads to rest on. I make the
outer ends of each of the dial grooves more shallow on one side than on the other as
shown in Fig. 20 and adjust the said grooves to the vertical cylinder so that the lower
or deeper cut grooves are opposite the vertical needle grooves and the shallow side
of the grooves are opposite the needle posts of the vertical cylinder. Fig. 20 shows
a view of the outer ends of the grooves and the variation in the depth of the same.
In fashioning I take out a vertical needle next to the ribbing needles and hang its
loops on the next adjacent vertical needle. I then draw forward the ribbing needle
until its heel has passed the stud Fs and then return it by passing it on the lower
side of the groove, the end of the needle turning the stud to the other side of the
groove. It will thus be seen that by the aforementioned improvements I gain the
following advantages, viz. First the ribbing needles are always midway between two
adjacent vertical needles, whether the said ribbing needles work over the posts or the
grooves of the vertical cylinder, second, By having the varying depths of the grooves
in the dial the loops formed by the ribbing needles are the same size whether the said
needles are working over the empty grooves or over the posts of the vertical cylinder
because when the vertical needles are closer together and the ribbing needles are
working over the posts the dial needles work in their highest position consequently
what less yarn it would require to reach from one vertical needle to the other when
the needles are elose together is compensated for or made up by the extra length of
yarn necessary to reach over the higher ribbing needle.

page_text: For making plain fashioned tubular fabric 1 adopt the following device, by which I
am enabled to inake full fashioned stocking legs with the ordinary fashioned heels and
toes. The needle cylinder has as many needle grooves around its circumference as
will make the maximum width of the stocking leg I cut as many vertical slots in the
upper edge of the cylinder as there are needle grooves each slot being midway
between the needle grooves. I rigidly fasten bits of sheet steel G or suitable metal
into every third slot around the cylinder see Figs. 21 and 22. The remainder of the
slots are fitted with movable needle posts G* or bits; these posts are attached together
in pairs and are shaped as shown at Figs. 21 and 22 so that they are self sustaining
by the shoulders G³ resting on the bottom of the slots or a suitable spring may be
applied to hold up each pair of posts in their higher position, their lower ends fit
into vertical slots G cut in the plate or cylinder G this plate or cylinder has as many
vertical slots G* as there are pairs of movable posts G' to fit in them. The plate or
cylinder is moved vertically by the ring G³ having inclined slots Go cut in its side
which fit onto the studs G7 on the plate or cylinder. The ring is moved horizontally
by the lever G whose inner end is inade fast to the ring G. The upper end of the
vertical slots in the plate or cylinder vary in height as shown in Fig. 21 but the
bottom of the grooves have all one horizontal level so that when the plate is raised it
pushes the whole of the movable posts to their higher position or until their uppor
edges are level with the rigid bits or needle posts. But when drawing down the posts
those working in the short slots are the first to descend and those with the long ones
the last. Instead of the lever G³, the ring G and the plate for vertically moving the
posts they may be lowered in pairs or sets of four by land or I can accomplish the
same object by various other means; when the whole of the movable posts are in
their higher position, the machine is set for knitting the maximum width of fabric.
Having knitted sufficient of the maximum width of fabric to form the upper part of
the stocking I proceed as follows to narrow or shape the calf part. I withdraw all
the needles from the cylinder that lie in the grooves located between the movable
posts that fit into the shortest of the vertical slots in the plate or cylinder; there
may be four (more or less) I hang their loops upon the needles left in the machine
and then move the lever one notch which iowers the plate vertically bringing with
it all the posts whose lower ends fit into the shortest slots. I then knit on any
desired number of courses and next remove from the cylinder the whole of the
needles that have been working between the next shortest slots to those already
removed. After their loops have been placed on the adjacent needles I move the
lover another notch which draws down the posts upon each side of those grooves from
which I last removed the needles and so on until there are only sufficient needles left
in the cylinder to knit the narrow or ankle piece of the stocking. When that is
done the heel, foot, and toe of the stocking are finished in the usual manner.
By this part of my invention I am enabled to make a superior finish to hose and
half-hose and with the addition of my other fashioning apparatus that is described in
my specification of Patent No. 1836 of 1884 I am enabled to make a full fashioned
stocking on a circular machine and with the toes finished or shaped as they are done
in the best kind of hosiery goods. In making this class of stocking I use a vertical
cylinder with as many needle grooves cut in it as will hold needles to make the
minimum width or the ankle piece of a stocking. The slots are cut in the upper
edge and movable posts fitted into the slots as just described. To make the maximum
width of the stocking I add the fashioning apparatus described by me in specification
of Patent No. 1836 of 1884. The leg piece, the heel and foot are knitted as there
described but the toe of the stocking is made by removing the needles at four
different places in the circle and drawing down the posts in a similar manner to
that I liave just described and shown in Figs. 21 and 22 when fashioning the leg.
If necessary one third of the needles may thus be withdrawn from the cylinder.
When the toe is complete I preferably begin to make another stocking, the reverse
of that just described that is to say as soon as one toe is made I commence to make
the toe of the next stocking first adding in the needles and raising up the posts in
an inverse way to that just described. The fabric is then cut through between the

page_text: two toes and the toe of each stocking is joined at the end by any of the well
understood ways.
Instead of cutting the slots between the needle grooves as before explained the
whole of the top of the needle cylinder may be made displaceable in sections, except
those parts opposite the rigid needle posts. The operation will be substantially the
same. I have discovered that when my fashioning needles (as described in my
specifications No. 1836 of 1884) are working betweon the other needles that there is
scarcely room for knots or lumps in the yarn; I have therefore made the following
improved vertical needle cylinder Fig. 23: At that part of the cylinder G where
the fashioning needles work 1 cut the needle grooves further apart, which gives
me the
required room that is necessary to knit in knots or coarse yarn without making holes
in the fabric, but when the fashioning needles are removed, the vertical needles
working in the grooves that are cut wider apart produce looser work than the other
needles which work in the finer gauge grooves, therefore to avoid that and make the
needles produce one uniform size loop all round [ either use longer vertical needles
to work in the coarser cut needle grooves or I lower the tops of the needle posts
that are situated between the coarser cut grooves, so that the extra thiread required
to reach from one coarse grooved needle to the other is compensated for by the top
of the needle not descending so far below the top of the coarser needle posts.
My next improvement relates to automatically raising and lowering the needles
during the operation of knitting the heels and toes of stockings etc. I knit both the
heels and toes upon the front half of the machine, the back half of the needles being
raised out of the working and put into the inoperative raceway. Dividing the front
half of the needles into three divisions it is the two outer divisions that are raised out
of and put into the working raceway during the operation of making the heel &c. ;
therefore the needles in these two outer divisions I will call the fashioning needles.
The central divisions of the needles in the front of the machine are not raised out of
the working raceway but always knit every time the machine moves backwards or
forwards. The butts of these needles are a little shorter than either the fashioning
needles or those in the back half of the machine. The fashioning needles have a butt
or projection E' formed on the rear of the main stem (Figs. 13, 14 and 24); To
make room for this butt or projection to work in 1 cut the needle grooves a little
deeper as far as the said projection rises or descends in the cylinder H Fig. 24. The
upper part of the said grooves are of the usual depth so that the upper part of the
needles fit against the back of the grooves. In my specification of Patent No. 6235
of 1887 I describe how the two cams upon the superposed ratchet wheels lift the
radial levers, the said levers in ascending also lifting the fashioning needles out of
action; but by my present improvements it is the fashioning needles that lift the
radial levers H¹ the said levers being utilized for lowering the needles into action
again. I form two vertical slots Hand H2 through the side of the needle cylinder
at the back of each of the fashioning needle grooves, one such slot extending
from the bottom of the cylinder to H, and the other from H³ to H°. I carry the
ends of the said levers through the lower slots H³ of the needle cylinder and joint
another arm H10 to each of the radial levers turning the said arms up parallel with
the needle grooves, their upper ends H' being shaped to pass through the upper
slots H in the cylinder and terminating against the needle stems and over the
projection or butt E on the fashioning needles. The upper ends of the levers H' are
held in the slots by the plate H° which is attached to the inner surface of the cylinder.
The levers may be constructed so as to be lowered by their own weight or by the
spiral springs H³ or by other suitable springs attached to the radial part of the
levers H¹.
Instead of cutting the vertical slots H2 H' in the side of the cylinder I may cut
each of the fashioning needle grooves sufficiently deep to allow the upright arms H10
of the lever to be at the back of the needle groove so that the back butts of the
needles slide on the front edge of the upright levers and when the needles are raised
out of action of the cams their back butts raise the levers up also. Instead of forming
the back and front needle butts as shown at Figs. 13 and 14 I may solder my

page_text: needles in steel jacks which have their butts shaped similar to Figs. 13 and 14 and
which are shown in Figs. 16 and 17.
When the butts of the fashioning needles are raised out of their working raceway
by the cams D Figs. 10 and 11, (which is done every course when knitting the
heels &c.). The butts or projections E2 operate the hooked ends H', raising them up
sufficiently high for the cams on the superposed wheels to pass under the horizontal
part of the levers H¹, one of the cam wheels moving round the cylinder the distance
of one needle at each course of the machine. The cam moved being preferably the
one on the same side as the yarn carrier is when it has just finished the course.
When all the fashioning needles have been raised out of action, the superposed
cam-wheels I Figs. 25 and 27 are racked the reverse way whereby the cams are
drawn from under the levers when instantly the levers fall bringing with them the
needles, one such lever being lowered at the end of each course that is knitted and
preferably always upon the same side of the machine as the yarn carrier is. I use
the following improved method of actuating the two superposed cam wheels which
are located around the needle cylinder and under the radial levers in a similar manner
to those described by my specification No. 6235 of 1887, I support a sliding bar I'
in suitable bearings I attached to the framework of the machine so that it can be
moved longitudinally backwards and forwards; it is pivoted at I, the pivotal pin
working in a longitudinal slot I*. To the other end of the bar I is pivoted the plate 1°
whose outer end has three pawls I attached to gear into the teeth of the superposed
wheels I Fig. 25. The lower edge of the plate I rests on the rim of the cam wheel I'
and is held to it by its own weight or by a spring. The periphery of this cam wheel
is lower or nearer the centre along one half of its circumference than the other so
that when the wheel is revolved it raises and lowers the plate I. To the side of the
wheel I is attached the ratchet wheel I into the teeth of which works a pawl on the
ratchet lever I the other end of the said lever being connected by a rod to the bar I¹.
A suitable cam is also attached to the side of wheel 18 to liberate the catch of the
knockout lever when the heel and toe is finished and so stops the machine. Near the
pivoted end of the bar I¹ are fitted two lugs or projections I" I that stand out
horizontally from its side and lie over the wheel N' shown at Figs. 26 and 32. The
said wheel having a stud N° attached to its upper side so that when the wheel revolves
it forces the lug I" to the right and the other lug I" to the left thereby giving the
sliding motion to the bar I. The wheel is so arranged that it only revolves once
while the machine knits two reciprocating courses. To the other end of the plate I5, I
fit three superposed ratchet levers or pawls I the upper and the lower pawls having
their ends shaped for pushing, while the centre one is shaped for pulling. These
pawls work in the teeth of the two superposed cam rings I Fig. 25. When
narrowing the heel &c., the two cams approach each other, the wheels being
worked by the two lower ratchets and the lug 110 resting on the outer part of the
cam wheel I'.
When the whole of the fashioning needles have been raised out of action the
motion of the cam rings I is reversed by the lug 110 on the plate I' falling onto the
lower part of the cam wheel I' bringing with it the three ratchet levers I°, the lower
ratchet lever will then pass out of action while the upper one will be put into gear
with the teeth of the upper cam ring and the centre one in gear with the teeth of the lower
cam ring. The wheels will then be driven in the opposite direction because of the
difference in the shape of the ratchet levers. I have previously described the constructon
of the two cams D Figs. 10 and 10" and how they are operated, I will now more fully
explain their application when making heels and toes of stockings. After the leg
piece of a stocking is knitted the machine is stopped with the left cam D' in the front
part of the machine. The said cam is then put in its lowest position and as soon as
the machine is turned, the cam D' passing under the pin D' raises it up and with it
the cam D also.
One complete revolution of the machine then raises the whole of the long butted
needles into their inoperative or idle raceway. Those needles at the back half of the
machine remain there, held-up by the loops of the fabric, while those that are fitted
-
R

page_text: with the radial levers H¹ and H10 Fig. 24 are drawn down again into the working raceway
by the action of said levers. I next start the machine reciprocating and the racking
apparatus begins to move the superposed cam rings one cog each time the machine
is turned either backwards or forwards and each course bringing the two cams on
the rings the distance of one needle nearer each other, the moving cam being
preferably the one upon the same side of the machine as the yarn carrier happens to
be, that is to say when knitting from left to right the left cam D raises the whole of
the fashioning needles into the idle raceway, and while the last needles are being so
raised the cam wheel is moved on one tooth which puts the cam under the rocking
lever that has been raised by the last needle and next to those that are already out of
action whereby the said lever is prevented from falling and the needle remains in the
idle raceway out of the reach of the working cams, but all the other fashioning needles
are lowered into the working racoway by their levers H and H10. The machine is
next turned from right to left when the cam D on the right raises up all the fashioning
needles into the idle raceway, and while the last needles are on the said cam (or
before if preferable) the wheel I is racked one tooth which puts its cam under the
first rocking lever on the left side. The machine is again reversed when another
needle is prevented from falling and so on until the whole of the fashioning needles
are out of action. The motion of the superposed cam rings is then reversed, the
cams receding from each other one tooth at each course the machine knits.
The fashioning needles are thereupon put in action again by the cams being drawn
from under the levers H' one such needle being lowered into the working raceway
by the spring H³ each time the machine knits a course and always upon that sido
where the yarn carrier is. When the whole of the fashioning needles are in action
again the machine stops.
The cam D on the left side is turned up, the needles at the back of the machine are
lowered into the working raceway by the switch cam A¹ of the same thickness as the
cams D and the machine is started rotary knitting. When the foot piece is done,
the toe is made in a similar manner to that just described.
I preferably use the following modified device for automatically raising and lowering
the fashioning needles in and out of action of the knitting cam raceway during the
operation of making heels &c. A horizontal cam bar K Fig. 27, is fitted in the
bearings K so that the said cam bar can slide longitudinally backwards and forwards,
this cam bar has a groove or cam raceway formed vertically through it as shown at K³
Fig. 27 it also has three pins or projections K³ standing up vertically, the centre one
being larger than the other two or arranged to stand out horizontally towards the
centre of the machine as shown in Fig. 27. I fit a cam or projection K* on the cam
cylinder or cog ring or other suitable part of the revolving machine so that when the
machine is turned either one way or the other the projection K' strikes the
pins K and so moves the cam bar in the direction that the machine is working. I-
next fit the sliding plate K so that it will move freely backwards and forwards in a
line with the centre of the machine. A stud or roller K is pivoted on the upper side
of the plate K' so that its upper end fits into the raceway K³ of the cam bar K so
that when the cam bar is longitudinally slid in its bearings the plate K³ is also slid,
but at right angles to the cam bar K. To the inner end of the sliding plate K' are
pivoted four ratchet levers or pawls K' and K8 whose outer ends engage the teeth
of the two superposed cam rings I and are held in gear by the springs K one of the
said cam rings being driven to the right or to the left by drawing pawls and the other
by pushing pawls. I fit another sliding bar Ko so that the projections or studs K
thereon fit in between the arms of the ratchet levers in such a way that only two of
the pawls K' or K8 are in gear at the same time. When the bar K10 is in the position
shown in Fig. 27 the left stud K" holds the two pawls K' out of reach of the rings I,
but by moving the bar K10 to the right, the right stud then holds out the pawls K
while the other two pawls K' are liberated and are forced into gear with the teeth of
the rings I by the spring K. This bar is held in its two positions by its outer end
lying against the periphery of the wheel K being held to it by a suitable spring as K100..
The ratchet wheel K is rigidly attached to the wheel K" and both. revolved

page_text: by the pawl K that is pivoted to the lever K, the said lever being pivoted at a
fixed point at K and operated by the cam K on the sliding bar K passing under
the pin or roller K18 fitted to the inner end of the lever K. When the machine is
operated by power I dispense with the two smaller cams K³ on the cam bar K and
only use the larger one, because the motion of the cam cylinder can be so regulated
that the large cam K³ never passes out of the circle travelled by the cam or lug K
on the cam cylinder or cog ring, but when the machine is turned by hand the operator
is apt to turn the cylinder so far that the large cam K³ is forced out of the circle
travelled by the cam K as shown in Figs. 27, but when the large cam is so forced
out of the circle, the smaller one comes within the circle, and when the machine is
reversed the cam K* operates on the small cam K' and pushes the bar Ka short distance
or until the large cam K³ is brought back into the circle travelled by the cam K*.
Instead of the cam raceway K' in the bar K and the one stud or roller K* fitting in
the raceway I may shape the outer sides of the centre of the bar similar to the
raceway K and fit two studs or rollers on the plate K' so that when the cam bar K
is slid it operates the plate K and ratchet pawls in a similar manner to that just
described. Or instead of a straight sliding cam bar K, Fig. 27 I may use a circular
one or a segment of a circle and arrange it in suitable bearings around the cam
cylinder, in that case I only require one lug K³ on the bar. For certain classes of
work 1 dispense with the sliding plate K and the raceway K² and pivot the pawl
levers K' and KⓇ directly to the sliding bar K using the sliding bar K10, the wheels K"
and K and the other parts of Fig. 27 as there shown.
Another part of this invention consists in frictional driving apparatus to be fitted
to circular knitting machines in general but more especially to those machines that are
fitted with my automatic measuring and stopping mechanism as described in my
specification of Patent 8061 of 1888. By any of the said apparatus a number of
machines can be driven by one main shaft journalled in suitable bearings attached to
the framework or bench L of the machine. L' is the bevelled driving wheel L' are
the bearings for the shaft thereof L' to work in. L is a small wheel with spur teeth
fitted loosely on the shaft L³ or preferably on the boss of the bearing L this wheel has
recesses L formed in the side next the crank handle. A sleeve L' is fitted to slide
on a key way on shaft L' and has lugs that fit into the recesses L' in wheel L*.
A groove L surrounds the centre of the sleeve into which is fitted the yoke of the
lever for laterally moving the sleeve. The sleeve has also lugs or teeth L that fit
into teeth L or recesses on the inside of wheel L, this wheel L₁ is of small
diameter and has spur teeth on its circumference, it revolves loosely on the shaft L³,
or on the boss of the bearing L³.
The crank handle is attached to the shaft L'.
M is the shaft M' is the large spur wheel fitted loosely on the main shaft and hold
in its position by a collar M² on each side of the wheel.
A double clutch M³ is fitted to slide laterally on the main shaft on a keyway.
An eccentric disc M is loosely fitted to the main shaft, the eccentric strap M is
attached to the connecting rod Me. The upper end of the connecting rod is fitted to
the gudgeon or pin MB attached to the segmental spur wheel M' the teeth of which
gear into the teeth of the wheel L".
On the inner side of both the large spur wheel M¹ and the eccentric M* are recesses
formed, into which fit the lugs that are attached to each end of the double clutch M³.
This clutch occupies three positions; when it is in its central position the clutch
revolves with the main shaft without turning either the eccentric or the large wheel;
when it is moved into its right side position its lugs then drive the eccentric and
when it is put on the left side the lugs on the other end then fit into the rocesses in
the large wheel M' and that wheel commences revolving. I have not shown the levers
for operating the two clutches L and M³ they being of the ordinary kind suffice it
is to say that when rotary knitting is to be done I shift the levers towards the left
so that the lugs on the ends of the clutches next the machine enter the recesses in the
sides of the wheels L and M' when instantly the machine is turned in one direction,

page_text: but by putting the teeth or lugs that are on the right ends of the clutches in gear
with the recesses or teeth in the inner side of the eccentric and the small wheel I,"
the machine is started reciprocating. I preferably arrange the machine to move
more slowly when reciprocating knitting is being done, I therefore arrange the
speed of the main shaft so that the machine moves at its right speed when recipro-
cating and increase its speed for rotary knitting by having the wheel M¹ much larger
than the wheel L. Instead of the upper end of the connecting rod M being fitted
on to the pin M³ I may form its upper end into a rack M10 that gears into a wheel M"
attached to the segmental wheel M or I may let the teeth of the rack M10 mesh direct
into the teeth of the small wheel L. Another modification of rotary and recipro-
cating driving gear is shown in Figs. 31, 32 and 33. L is the framework of the
machine upon which is fitted the driving gear. L' is the bevelled driving wheel
that meshes into the cog ring underneath the cam cylinder. L' bearings for supporting
the horizontal shaft L³, L' a spur wheel revolving loosely on shaft which meshes into
the teeth of a wheel rigidly attached to the main shaft, this wheel I may have its
circumference smooth for a belt to drive it from a similar wheel rigidly attached on
main shaft. A bevelled wheel N is rigidly attached to the side of wheel L and has
recesses L³ (Fig. 32) formed in its side for the teeth or driving lugs L' on the inner
end of the sleeve L to gear into. This sleeve L' is movable endwise on a keyway
ou shaft L and is operated by a lover (not shown in the drawings) whose yoko fits
into the central recess L³ in the sleeve. The sleeve has also teeth or lugs at its outer
end that mesh into recesses or other teeth formed on the inside of the bevelled wheel N'.
The sleeve L' may occupy one of three positions. First when the teeth or lugs on its
inner end are in gear with wheel N it is in position for rotary knitting as shown at
Figs. 31 and 32. Secondly when the teeth or lugs are in gear with the teeth or
recesses in wheel N¹ it is in position for reciprocating the machine. Thirdly when the
sleeve is in its central position the teeth L at each end are clear of the teeth or
recesses on either of the wheels N or N¹ and so the machine is at rest although the
wheels Land N are always revolving when the main shaft is so doing. For reducing
the speed of the machine when reciprocating knitting is being done I fit a large
bevelled wheel N to gear into the small bevelled wheel N. This wheel I attach to
a sleeve N that slides vertically on the axle N10 the said axle being rigidly fastened
to the framework of the machine L. A recess N₁ is formed around the circum-
ference of the sleeve into which is fitted the yoke of a lever for raising or lowering
it whereby the wheel N is put in or out of gear with the continuously revolving
wheel N. Another part of the circumference of the sleeve is formed into a long
vertical spur or pinion wheel N³ that meshes into a large spur wheel N° that revolves
on a gudgeon Ni. A crank pin N° is attached to the upper surface of the wheel N*
and has fitted on it one end of the connecting rod N the other end being attached
to the large bevelled wheel N°. I construct the bevelled wheel N about three times
larger than the wheel N¹ so that the connecting rod has only to work on one side of
the wheel (as shown in Fig. 32) to move the wheel N' a complete revolution.
Instead of a complete wheel N° I may only use a segment and attach the connecting
rod to it in a similar manner to that shown in Fig. 30. When rotary knitting is
being done the wheel N is in its lower position consequently the whole of the
reciprocating gear is at rest. When I wish to commence reciprocating knitting
I move the sleeve so that its lugs L' gear into the teeth or recesses on the inner side
of the wheel N¹ and next raise up the wheel N into gear with the bevelled wheel N
when instantly the machine is started. By another modification of the driving gear
I am enabled to dispense with the toothed driving wheels whereby the machine runs
more silently.
Instead of the toothed wheels L' and L" (shown at Fig. 29) 1 fit two belt pulleys
on the shaft L or preferably on the shaft bearings L. I use a similar clutch device
to that shown in Fig. 29 which I have already described.
To the main shaft M Figs. 34 and 35 are rigidly attached two belt pulleys O¹ and 0³ ;
these pulleys and the two smaller ones L and L may have flanges for better guidance

page_text: In circular knitting machines:
1. A frame cam cylinder or annulus comprising two annular superposed parts
connected to be revolved together in combination with a single or double screw threaded
nut or ring for adjustment of said annular parts substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
2. The combination with the frame knitting and ribbing mechanism of a ring or.
guard for preventing both the frame needle latches and the ribbing needle latches from
closing when the loops pass off their latches onto their stems.
3. The combination with a rotary frame cam cylinder or annulus of a needle
ring A in one piece or sections connected to said annulus and adapted to act
as guard for both frame and ribbing needle latches substantially as set forth.
4. The combination with the frame cam annulus of a needle ring A" having a part
or parts cut away whereby needles may be raised so that their butts lie above said ring
substantially as set forth.
'
5. The combination with the frame cam annulus and yarn carrier or feeder of a.
needle ring A having parts A" on each side of the yarn carrier and a part A" cut
away or omitted for the purposes specified.
6. The combination of a rotary frame cam annulus with fixed upthrow cams B B
for raising the frame needles from their lowest to their highest working position and
shaped substantially as shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6.
7. A depressing cam constructed in one part or in two parts, shaped and attached
to the frame cam annulus substantially as shown and described.
8. A depressing cam whose upper face is formed so that the edge nearer to
the needle stems is at a higher level than the edge remote from the needle stems.
9. The combination of the needle or guard ring A" and the depressing cam or cams
whose ends are placed close to the under surface of said ring substantially as illustrated
and described for the purpose set forth.
10. A cam B' shaped and constructed to pass between the butts of double butted
needles and to operate such needles substantially as set forth.
11. The combination of a frame cam annulus a needle ring A" having raised
portions A and the cam B' relatively arranged for the purpose set forth.
12. The combination of the frame needle cylinder or cone with an annular plate or
i

page_text: ring for supporting the back of the frame needles when the latter are raised above
the operation of the frame knitting cams.
13. A circular knitting machine in which the rim or edge of the ribbing cam
holder operates as a backrest for the frame needles when the latter are raised above
the operation of the frame knitting. cams.
14. To form an operative track for double butted frame needles the combination of
the annulus A the ring D¹, the ring A¹ and the single cam B¹ relatively arranged
substantially as set forth.
15. The combination with the frame knitting cams of two elevating cams D D of
less depth than the knitting cams for the purpose set forth, said cams D D being
placed and operated substantially as described.
16. The clear stemmed needles illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12 and made as herein
set forth.
17. A clear stemmed needle having two butts upon the front turned up end thereof
and made substantially as and for the purposo described.
18. A needle or needle jack having a projection or butt on the back and a butt
or butts on the front, each as and for the purpose set forth.
19. The combination or arrangement of ribbing cams substantially as shown and
described for operating double butted needles.
20. The combination of the ribbing cam plate, the block C8 pivoted thereon, the
ribber arm C the slot C¹ and the bolt C¹ substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
21. The combination with a frame needle holder having a conical top, of a
conical ribbing attachment of such steepness that as the frame needles descend to
form their loops they lay the yarn across the ribbing needles substantially as
described.
22. A ribbing needle bed having 'grooves cut wider towards the outer edge of said
bed whereby the ribbing needles may be caused to work in either of two positions
over the posts or over the needle grooves of the frame needle lied.
23. A ribbing needle bed having grooves cut wider towards the outer edge of said
bed as set forth the base of said groove for one position being cut deeper than the
base of the groove for the other position substantially as and for the purpose
described.
24. The combination for fashioning ribbed stockings consisting of needle dial F,
widened grooves F¹, vertical slots F' movable studs F, plate F the outer ends of each
needle groove cut deeper F Fig. 20 on one side of the groove than upon the other
for the purposes shown and described.
25. A frame needle cylinder having every third post a fixed needle post G¹ and
the remaining posts movable posts G connected in pairs substantially as set forth.
26.. The combination with the movable posts G' connected in pairs of the sliding
plate G provided with the slots G* arranged for serial removal or reinsertion of said
pairs of posts substantially as set forth.
27. The combination of the slotted upper edge of the frame needle cylinder
Fig. 21, the rigid needle posts, the movable posts the slotted plate or cylinder
studs G the movable posts in pairs G the shoulder G³ the slotted plate G*, the ring Gʻ
inclined slots G studs in rings G', the lever G³ and the ring G₁ substantially as set
forth.
28. A frame needle bed having those needle grooves which are to be occupied by
the fashioning needles cut at greater distance apart than the remainder of the needle
grooves for the purpose set forth.
29. A frame needle bed having greater spaced fashioning grooves as set forth in
combination with correspondingly lower needle posts between said fashioning grooves
for the purpose set forth.
30. The combination with the needles in the right and left third part of a half of
circular frame needle bed of a cam or cams adapted to be set or moved to raise said
needles out of action and levers adapted when free to draw said needles back into
action and cam rings for operating on said levers substantially as set forth.

page_text: 31. The combination of a needle having a butt E' a pivoted lever H¹ a hooked
rod H and spring H substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
32. The needle cylinder having two slots cut in its side at the back of each
fashioning needle groove for the inner ends of the radial levers to pass through and
having the lower part of each of the fashioning needle grooves deepened for the
projection or butt on the rear of the needle to slide in substantially as shown and
described.
33. A frame needle cylinder having the grooves of the needle cylinder cut deeper
where the fashioning needles work to make room for the upright arms of the radial
levers at the back of each fashioning needle substantially as described.
34. The combination consisting of the elevating cams D. the long butted needles,
the projection on the rear of the needles or jack E, the deeper cut needle grooves,
the slots in the needle cylinder H and H7, the jointed lever pivoted at H in the
said slots, the spring H8, the plate for holding said levers in the slots H°, the cams
on the superposed ratchet rings for holding up the jointed levers in their higher
position and the pawls for operating the ratchet rings for the purposes shown and
described.
35. The combination of mechanism for operating the superposed ratchet rings
consisting of the sliding bar operated by an eccentric ring H and moving the ratchet
wheel I, the said bar having three pawls attached to one end to gear alternately into
the ratchet rings, the cam I' for raising and lowering the bar substantially as shown
and described.
36. A straight or circular sliding cam bar arranged in relation to the machine
so that a projection or lug on the revolving machine strikes a projection or lug on
the sliding bar and so causes it to oscillate and to operate the ratchet rings
substantially as set forth.
37. Four ratchet levers or pawls for operating the superposed ratchet wheels, the
said levers being either pivoted to the plate K or to the sliding bar K and put in
or out of action by the studs on the sliding bar K10 substantially as set forth.
38. The combination of mechanism as shown by Fig. 27 consisting of the following.
The sliding cam bar operating by lug on the revolving machine the plate K the
pawls K and K, the superposed cam wheels I, the lugs K³ on the sliding bar K
the studs K the wheels K and K", the pawl K¼ the lever K" and cams K¹7
and K18 for the purpose set forth.
39. The driving mechanism comprising in combination two wheels attached to the
main shaft or large spur wheel that meshes into a small one that runs loosely on
the driving shaft L or its equivalent for driving the machine, the eccentric M*
the connecting rod M, the segmental wheel M', the small wheel L" revolving loosely
on shaft L or its equivalent for reciprocating the machine, the double clutch device,
the recesses or teeth on wheels L and L" and the crank handle substantially as
set forth.
40. The driving apparatus comprising in combination the double wheels L' and N
connected and running loosely on shaft L³ or its equivalent L', sleeve L' each end
fitted with clutch lugs or teeth L', bevelled wheel N pinion N³, groove N* spur
wheel N connecting rod No, the large wheel N or its equivalent a segment arranged
substantially as described and illustrated.
41. The driving apparatus comprising in combination the main shaft M two
pulleys O¹ and O' the two pulleys L and L" double ended clutch on sleeve L', the
straight belt O' and the crossed belt O* substantially as described.
Dated this 19th day of June 1889
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.