IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINES POR GRINDING AND SURFACING RINGS, PLATES, DISCS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES MADE OF IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Archibald Jaques, of Tottenhain, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, John Thomas Oakley, of Grange
Road, Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, and John
Americus Fanshawe, of Tottenham aforesaid, Engineer, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS. IN MACHINES POR GRINDING AND SURFACING
RINGS, PLATES, DISCS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES MADE OF IRON OR
STEEL"
Sealed the 3rd August 1869, and dated the 8th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Archibald
Jaques, Jolm Thomas Oakley, and John Americus Fanshawe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th March 1869.
5 I, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, JOHN THOMAS OAKLEY,. of Grange Road, Ber-
mondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, and JOHN AMERICUS
FANSHAWE, of Tottenham aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the
I Price 8 d

page_text: nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRINDING
AND SURFACING RINGS, PLATES, DISCS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES MADE OF
IRON OR STEEL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so construct and arrange certain of
the parts of the machinery employed in grinding or surfacing thin metal
plates, discs, or rings, that these operations may be performed with great
facility and with perfect accuracy.
The Invention relates principally to a novel kind of chuck to be
adapted to a lathe for the purpose of holding the rings, plates, discs,
or other articles while they are being ground.
Our Invention is only applicable to articles made of such metals as
are capable of being rendered magnetic or of being attracted, and held
by a strong magnet, such for instance, as iron and steel, and is more
particularly intended for operating upon thin metal plates which are
difficult to be held in the chuck by the ordinary devices.
The Invention consists in rendering the chuck temporarily magnetic
so that when the rings, plates, discs, or other articles are placed thereon
they will be held firmly against it by the magnetic attraction which
may be produced in any of the well-known ways of rendering iron
temporarily magnetic.
In carrying out our Invention the chuck is made in the form of a flat
face plate of any convenient size according to the article it is intended
to operate upon and pins, studs, or projections are to be fixed in the
face of this plate for the purpose of holding the rings, plates, or discs
steady and preventing them from being moved on the chuck while being
ground. The grinding operation is performed by means of a grindstone,
emery wheel, or other analogous instrument which may be fitted to
a slide rest and made to rotate at from 300 to 3000 revolutions per
minute.
By means of our improved machinery circular saws, knives, or discs,
or thin plates or blades may be rapidly ground and polished to a
beautiful and perfect face, and if required the discs may be made
concave or dished towards the centre, or they may be ground convex if
required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Archibald Jaques, John Thomas Oakley,
and John Americus Fanshawe in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, JOHN THOMAS OAKLEY, of Grange Road, Bermondsey, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, and JOHN AMERICUS FANSHAWE, of
Tottenham aforesaid, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Archibald Jaques, John Thomas
Oakley, and John Americus Fanshawe, Her special licence that we, the
said James Archibald Jaques, John Thomas Oakley, and John Americus
Fanshawe, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said James Archibald Jaques, John Thomas Oakley, and John
Americus Fanshawe, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great.
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR GRINDING AND SURFACING RINGS, PLATES,
DISCS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES MADE OF IRON OR STEEL," upon the
condition, (amongst others) that we, the said James Archibald Jaques,
John Thomas Oakley, and John Americus Faushawe, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Archibald Jaques, John
Thomas Oakley, and John Americus Fanshawe, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto

page_text: annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):-
The object of this Invention is to so construct and arrange certain
of the parts of the machinery employed in grinding or surfacing thin
metal plates, discs, or rings, that these operations may be performed with
great facility and with perfect accuracy.
The Invention relates principally to a novel kind of chuck to be
adapted to a lathe for the purpose of holding the rings, plates, discs, or
other articles while they are being ground.
Our Invention is only applicable to articles made of such metals as
are capable of being rendered magnetic, or of being attracted and held
by a strong magnet, such for instance, as iron and steel, and is more
particularly intended for operating upon thin metal plates which are
difficult to be held in the chuck by the ordinary devices.
The Invention consists in rendering the chuck temporarily magnetic
so that when the rings, plates, discs, or other articles are placed thereon,
they will be held firmly against it by the magnetic attraction which
may be produced in any of the well-known ways of rendering iron
temporarily magnetic.
In the accompanying Drawings we have shewn such parts of a lathe
as will be required to illustrate the way in which we intend to carry out
our Invention.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the lathe, and Fig. 2 a plan view of the
same. The magnetic chuck which is shewn detached and drawn
full size in Figures 3 and 4 is in the form of a flat face plate a of any
convenient size according to the articles it is intended to operate upon,
and one or more pins, studs, or projections are to be fixed in the face
of this plate for the purpose of holding the rings, plates, or discs c steady
and preventing them from being moved on the chuck while being
ground. In the present instance only one central pin or stud b is used
as the discs to be operated on have only a central hole, but this central
pin has a small projecting nib let into its side in such a manner as to
take into a notch in the central hole of the plate or disc c in order to
prevent the latter from turning round on its axis. Articles which have
more than one hole in them may be held on by more than one pin as
will be readily understood. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the
magnetic chuck, and Fig. 4 is an end view of the same.

page_text: The flat face plate a, Figures 1 and 2, of the magnetic chuck is
composed of three parts viz., the central soft iron core 1, Figures 3
and 4, an outer tubular part of iron 2, 2, which surrounds and encloses
the core 1, and a brass ring 3, 3, for keeping the parts 1 and 2 apart
at the outer end. The soft iron core 1 and the outer iron tube 2, 2,
are both surrounded with a coil of copper wire as is usual with electro-
magnets, and the whole is enclosed in a wooden case or tube d.. The
copper coil which surrounds the inner core 1 is connected electrically
with a brass or copper ring e which is fixed on the outer wooden case d,
and the other end of this copper coil passes to the outside or outer iron
tube 2, and is wound thereon, the other end of the copper coil being
placed in electric connection with a second brass or copper ring
is also fixed on the outer wooden case d. The rings e and are grooved
for the purpose of receiving a pair of metal bands e¹ and f¹ which are
connected to the terminal wires 2 and 2 of any suitable electric
battery. It will be evident that by this arrangement a very powerful
electro-magnet may be produced whenever the electric circuit is
completed, and that an electro-magnet of this kind will hold the plates;
discs, or rings c firmly against the face of the chuck which may be
secured to the rotating head of the lathe in any convenient manner;
such as by screwing it ou as indicated in the Drawing.
which
The grinding operation is performed by means of a grindstone or
emery wheel g, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2 or other analogous
instrument which may be fitted to a spindle and mounted on a slide
rest . The grindstone or emery wheel g may be made to rotate at
from three hundred to three thousand revolutions per minute, by
applying power to the pulley g on the end of the spindle. It will be
seen that by means of the screws and hand wheels i, ¹, and j, j', the
stone or wheel g may be moved forward or backward and also in a
lateral direction so as to be carried across the face of the disc or ring c
which, is being operated upon.
For some purposes it is important that the plates, discs, or rings c
should be ground to an exact gauge or thickness. We are enabled to
effect this by employing a circular gauge plate which is mounted and
turns loosely on the end of the spindle which is forced forward by the
helical spring, but is capable of very fine adjustment longitudinally by.
means of the divided nut or wheel m. It will be seen that the gauge
plate is placed parallel with the face of the disc c which is being ground,

page_text: .
the discs c being slightly in advance. The grindstone or wheel g is then
brought to bear against the face of the disc, and when it has ground the
latter down to the level of the gauge plate k, the stone or wheel g will
come against the latter, which will be immediately spun round by the
friction of contact, and will give out a ringing sound which will at once
indicate that the disc c has been ground down to the proper gauge.
The workman will then break the electric circuit, when the disc c will
either fall off or may be easily removed from the chuck, and a fresh one
having been put in its place and the electric circuit completed again the
second disc will be securely held on the chuck while being ground.
: By means of our improved machinery circular saws, knives, or discs,
or thin plates or blades may be rapidly ground and polished to a
beautiful and perfect face, and if required the discs may be made
concave or dished towards the centre, or they may be ground convex if
required.
We would remark that in adapting our improvements for grinding
circular saws or plates of large diameter it will be found convenient to
employ two or more electro-magnets disposed round the centre of the
chuck instead of merely a single central one.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Machinery
for Grinding and Surfacing Rings, Plates, Discs, and other analogous
Articles made of Iron or Steel," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to us
by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the application of electro-magnets for
securely holding iron or steel rings, plates, discs, or other analogous
articles while being ground as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Archibald Jaques, John
Thomas Oakley, and John Americus Fanshawe, have hereunto
set our hands and seals, the Seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.