Improvements in Turning and Sorew Cutting Lathes
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turning and Sorew Cutting Lathes,
I, ALEXANDER ROBERTSON, of 6, Dawson Terrace, Carron, Stirlingshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows.-
-
My invention has for its object to improve the arrangement of the spur gear
in a lathe head stock so as to ensure greater rigidity & relieve the spindle of all
strain except the weight of the work being machined Also the feed mechanism
for giving motion to the traversing slide, when surfacing, tuining & screw cutting,
and further the simplifying of & making more efficient the means of binding a
turret or revolving tool block or rest.
In carrying out the first part of my invention there is fitted on or cast as part
of the lathe faceplate two spur wheels of different diameters, the smaller having
external and the laiger internal teeth both wheels are in position at the back of
the face plate to take the gear on the head_stock Parallel to the spindle in
which the face plate is fitted, a shaft is carried in an eccentric sleeve working in
bearings in the head stock On the end of this shaft nearest the face plate is fitted
a spur pinion and on the other end a spui wheel When the eccentric sleeve
with the shaft is tuned partly round it bungs the pinion into gear with the
external wheel on the back of the face plate and the same motion brings the wheel
on the opposite end of the shaft into gear with the pinion usually fitted to the cone
pulley and when the eccentric sleeve with the shaft is moved, in the opposite
direction the pinion on the end of the shaft nearest the face plate is engaged with
the internal wheel on the back of the face plate, and at the same time the spur
wheel on the opposite end of the shaft, 18 by the interposition of an intermediate
pinion carried by an aim on the eccentric sleeve brought into gear with the pinion
on the cone pulley thereby giving uniform direction of movement to the faceplate
Further by extending the tail end of the cone pulley and fitting thereon a slid-
ing clutch piece having teeth or fiction gups to take corresponding teeth or
friction grips on the spur pinion which engages with the wheel on the end of the
shaft carried in the eccentric sleeve and by means of a tappet aangement, the
gear of the hend stock may be disengaged without stopping the duving band
Further by forming a bearing surface on the back of the face plate, near to its
extreme diameter, to take a corresponding bearing surface on the gable of the
head stock greater rigidity and steadiness is obtained against the cutting tool when
at work
In carrying out the part of my invention pertaining to the feed mechanism,
instead of fitting the leading screw to the lathe bed and the clamping nut which
engages with it to the traversing slide in accordance with present practice, I
fit a short screw to the traversing slide by means of suitable bearing brackets in
which the screw is free to evolve and be traversed with the slide the whole length
of the lathe bed sliding surface The clamping nut to take the screw is fitted to
the lathe bed and provided with suitable means for adjustment in any desired
position in line with the sliding surface The screw is preferably made in the
form of a sleeve screwed on the outside and through which is passed a plan thaft

page_text: fitted horizontally to and having a bearing in suitable brackets at both ends of the
lathe bed. One end of the horizontal shaft being fitted with the usual arrange-
ment to take change wheels for tuining and screw cutting. One or more grooves
are formed in line in the shaft to take suitable heys fitted in the sciewed sleeve
whereby the required feed is transmitted to the traversing slide when in gear with
the clamping nut On the end of the sciewed sleeve close to its bearings on the
traversing slide is fitted a skewed spur pinion which 18 geared to a corresponding
skewed spur pinion free to revolve on the screw of the surfacing slide and by means
of a friction plate made to engage with the skewed pinion to transmit the power
for surfacing The ordinary ack and pinion aangement for hand traveising
being provided for moving the traversing slide when disengaged from the feed gear
Another modification consists in fitting to the traversing slide a skewed pinion
capable of revolving freely in an independent bracket in line with the bearing
bracket which carries the screwed sleeve, the houzontal shaft being made to pass
through both the screwed sleeve and the skewed pinion, but neither having keys
to take the grooves in the horizontal shaft A sliding clutch piece is provided
having keys to take the grooves on the horizontal shaft and placed between the
screwed sleeve and the skewed pinion On one end of the sliding clutch piece
megular teeth are formed to take con esponding teeth on the end of the screwed
sleeve so that the sliding clutch piece and the sciewed sleeve can only engage in
one position On the opposite end of the sliding clutch piece any convenient form
of teeth may be made to take corresponding teeth on the skewed pinion, the
sliding clutch piece being controlled by a suitable lever, motion being transmitted
to the screwed sleeve for tuining & screw cutting and to the skewed pinion for
surfacing
A further modification consists in fitting on the end of the screwed sleeve a
bevel pinion and on a separate bearing blacket in line with it a similar bevel
pinion, both of these pinions have clutch teeth formed to take the sliding clutch
piece placed between them on the horizontal shaft On a separate bearing
bracket suspended from the under side of the traversing slide an intermediate bevel
pinion is placed, which gears with the two bevel pinions in line and, when the
clutch piece is engaged with either the bevel pinion on the screwed sleeve of the
bevel pinion in line with it, the motion to each is reversed
On the back of the intermediate bevel pinion is fitted a spui wheel which takes
a corresponding spur wheel on the sciew connected with the surfacing slide,
thereby transmitting the motion for surfacing On the back of the bevel pinion
in line with the screwed sleeve is placed a worm which gears with a worm wheel
on a short shaft, which shaft has also fixed to it a small pinion in gear with a spu
rack and provided, with a friction plate for engaging & disengaging, and tuither
the screwed sleeves are so arranged so as to be readily removed and another of
different pitch substituted.
In carving out the part of my invention relating to the turret tool 1st instead
of the ordinary binding bolt and adjustable notches with lever at piesent in use,
the improvement consists in forming a round boss on the top of the slide on which
the tiret block revolves On the surface of this boss and equally divided or
otherwise, are formed any suitable number of radial grooves, preferably of a vec
shape, these grooves take one or more colтеsponding projecting pieces on the
under surface of the revolving block or turet These projecting pieces and grooves
form the dividing points or fixed positions of the tunet when at work On the
outside and near the lower face of the revolving block, a groove is formed around
its outer surface, which takes an angle ring one side of which fits into the groove,
and the ting is made to revolve in its position independent of any motion imparted
to the evolving block On the inside of this angle ng Sciew
threach is formed which takes .1 corresponding thread formed on the
round boss on the top of the slide which canies the evolving block, and
by turning round the angle ring by a lever or other suitable means, the revolving
block with the projecting pieces is raised clear of the vee shaped grooves and fiee

page_text: to be turned round to any of the other dividing points and refixed by turning
the angle ing back to its former position.
A modification of this arrangement consists in reversing the position of the
grooves and projecting pieces by forming the grooves on the revolving block and
the corresponding projecting pieces on the round boss on the top of the slide
Dated this 8th day of June 1898
Improvements in Turning and Screw Cutting Lathes.
I, ALEXANDER ROBERISON, of 6, Dawson Terrace, Carion, Stulingshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement.-
My invention has for its object to improve the arrangement of spur gear in a
lathe headstock so as to ensure greater rigidity and relieve the spindle of all strain
except the weight of the work being machined To improve the feed mechanism
for giving motion to the traversing slide when surfacing turning and screw cutting
Further the simplifying of and making more effective the means of binding a
turiet or revolving tool block or rest
In order that my invention may be properly understood I append two sheets of
explanatory drawings In these diawings the same reference letters are used to
maik the same or like parts wherever they are repeated
Figures 1, 2 & 3 on Sheet 1 are respectively an end elevation a sectional side
elevation of a lathe and a sectional plan of a headstock shewing the parts to which
my invention more particularly relates Figure 4 shews an alternative anlange-
ment of the headstock gai and Figure 5 a transverse section of part of the tiarcis-
ing slide or saddle. Figures 6, 7, 8, & 9, on Sheet 2, shew three modifications of
the feed mechanism Figures 10 to 14 mix improvements on turret tool rests
these diawing the pitch eneles of the spui wheels and pinions are represented
by dotted or broken lines
In
In carrying out my invention with reference to Figures 1 to 4 in the drawings
there is fitted or cast on the chuck or face plate A two spur wheels, aa the
smaller one a having external the larger one a¹ having internal teeth Parallel
to the lathe spindle 13 on which the face plate A is fitted a shaft C is placed carrie
by and working in an eccentric sleeve said sleeve being fee to move in beanings c
in the headstock 1) On the ends of the shaft C there is fitted a spur pinion
and a spur-wheel and when the eccentric sleeve and with it the shaft C is by
a hand lever or otherwise turned partly round in cne dnection it bungs the
pinion into gear with the external toothed wheel a on the face plate A and the
spur wheel into gear with the pinion fixed to the end of the diving cone E
as shewn in Figure 3 When the eccentic sleeve c is tuned in the opposite
duection the pinion gears with the intrinal toothed wheel a' on the face
plate A At the same time the sp wheel is through the interposition of an
intermediate pinion canned by an arm on the eccentric sleeve made to gear
with the pinion fixed to the driving cone E (Figure 3) thereby giving the same
du etion of movement, to the face plate A.
'
Instead of the shaft C and with it the pinion spur wheel and pinion c³
being carried in an eccentric sleeve as herein before described they may be called
as shewn on Fig 4 by a crank-like fiame F pivotted on studs f in the gables of
th headstock D and operated by means of a 1od f jointed to the lower end of
the frame F and provided with a hand wheel on its front end Or, the frame F

page_text: may be operated by having formed on its lower end a toothed quadrant gearing
with a worm on a cross shaft or in any other suitable manner.
Another improvement shewn in Figure 2, consists in extending the tail end of
the driving cone E and fitting thereon a sliding clutch piece having teeth or
frictional grips to take corresponding parts on the pinion said pinion in this
modification being loose. A lever g 18 provided for operating the clutch g and
centered near its middle and by means of rods connected to its lower end and
extending forwards the clutch g is disengaged by the traversing slide striking the
front end of the rod 9 when at the extreme limit of its travel or at any other
predetermined position By these means the lathe is brought to rest without
stopping the driving band The loose pinion is provided with a frictional
clutch plate and it is made fast to a corresponding plate keyed to the lathe
spindle B when it is desired to work the lathe on the single power or speed
A further improvement consists in forming a bearing face as on the face plute A
which works against a corresponding face on the headstock D to give greater
steadiness
In carrying out the part of my invention pertaining to the feed mechanism
(Figures 2 & 5) I fit a short screw H to a bracket on the traversing slide I by
means of jam nuts and a collar said screw H being free to revolve therein
but travelling with the slide I A clamping nut J is provided to take the screw H
and is adjustably fixed to the lathe bed K in line with the screw H to suit the
position of the work being done A grooved rod k fixed to the slide I but free to
turn therein is provided for operating the clamping nut Any other suitable form
of nut may be used.
The screw H is by preference made in the form of a sleeve and has screw
threads cut in it. Through the screw H is passed a shaft L carried in brackets
at the ends of the lathe bed K One end of the shaft L is arranged to take the
wheels used for turning and screw-cutting
The shaft L has also formed in it
longitudinal grooves to take keys 7 fitted in the sciew II so that when the nut J
18 in gear with the screw H motion will be imparted to the traversing alide I
The screw H has fixed or made in one piece with it a skewed pinion having
teeth cut in it at an angle of 45° geaning with a similar pinion ¹ loose on the
screw M of the surfacing slide This pinion h¹ can be engaged or disengaged with
the screw M by a fictional clutch m (shewn on Figure 5) The traveising slide
can be moved by hand by any of the well known arrangements presently in use
In another modification shewn on Figure 6 there is fitted to the traversing slide I
a skewed pinion h capable of revolving freely in a bracket on the slide I but
travelling with it and in line with the bracket carrying the s01ew H A sliding
clutch O having keys fixed in it to take the grooves in the shaft L 1a placed
hetween the end of the seiew H and the pinion h and having negular teeth foi med
in it to take corresponding teeth on the screw H so that the clutch can engage
with the screw H in one position only when screw outting On the opposite end
of the clutch O any convenient form of teeth may be used to take corresponding
teeth on the pinion h The pinion geats with the pinion ¹ provided' with a
frictional clutch on the surfacing screw M The clutch O may be operated and
controlled by any means found most suitable in practice
Figures 7 & 8 chew the adaptation of the hollow screw II to a well known
kind of feed mechanism In this modification bevel pinions p p² & are used to
give a reverse motion and spur pinions p & take the place of the skewed
pinions h & h¹
Instead of a hollow screw a solid screw may be used as shewn on Figue 9 This
solid screw H¹ is connected to the slide I in the same manner as the hollow screw H
and it is driven by a pinion 1º fixed on it and gearing with a
pinion ⁹ on the shaft L said pinion 13 being driven by
of a groove and key and so arranged so as to travel with the slide I The solid
screw is applicable to any of the hereinbefore described modifications of feed
mechanism
meang

page_text: In carrying out the part of my invention which relates to turret tool rests with
reference to Figures 10 to 14 I torm on the top of the slide S a round boss on
which the tunet Trevolves. On the top surface of the boss and equally divided
or otherwise are formed two or more radial grooves preferable of a vee shape.
These grooves take one or more corresponding projecting pieces on the under
surface of the revolving block or turret T These projecting pieces and grooves
form the dividing points or fixed positions of the turret T when at work. On the
outside and near the lower face of the revolving turret T a groove is formed which
takes the top flange of an angle ring R free to revolve in its position independent
of any motion imparted to the revolving turret T On the inside of the angle
ring it a screw thread is cut which takes a corresponding thread on the boss s¹
of the slide S By turning 1ound the ing R by the handle the projecting
piece is raised clear of the vee shaped groove and the turret T is then fee
to be turned round to any of the dividing points and refixed by turning the angle
ring R back to its former position,
Figure 13 shews a modification of the arrangement shown in Figures 10, 11
& 12, and it consists in providing the turret T with a central spindle u having a
Sciew cut on its lower end which by preference works in a bush fitted in the
alide S. Near the upper end of the spindle u 18 fixed a collar u¹ and the upper
end 18 squared to take a hand lever us for raising and fixing the turret T.
Figure 14 shews the position of the grooves and the projecting piece ³
reversed the other parts remaining as before
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim 18-
Fist: The face plate with internal and external spur gear arranged and working
in conjunction with the headstock gear substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 of the diawings annexed.
Second. The bearing faces on the back of the face plate and front gable of
the headstock substantially as herein before described with reference to Figures 2
& 3 of the drawings annexed.
Thnd. The hollow screw connected to and travelling with the slide (I) sub-
atantially as and for the purposes herein before described with reference to
Figures 2, 5, 6 & 7, of the drawings annexed
Fourth. The solid screw connected to and travelling with the slide (I) sub-
atantially as and for the purposes herein before described with reference to
Figure 9 of the drawings annexed.
Fifth: The combining and arranging together of the parts constituting the
turiet tool rest substantially as and for the purposes herein before described with
reference to Figures 10 to 14 of the diawings annexed
Sixth: The operating screw the vee or other shaped grooves and projection or
projections substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 10 to 14 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 6th day of March 1899.