IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hawksley, of Montrose Villas, Caledonian
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Sealed the 13th July 1869, and dated the 29th January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hawksley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th January 1869.
I, GEORGE HAWKSLEY, of Montrose Villas, Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps and in
apparatus connected therewith.
In constructing pumps I cast the barrel with a foot at its lower end
by which it is fixed, and at its upper end a head and spout suitable to
receive and deliver the water from the barrel and to support the fulcrum

page_text: of the lever handle. Below the portion of the barrel to which the pump
bucket is fitted is a cavity of larger diameter closed at the bottom, with
the exception of the suction passage which passes through it, and
beneath which is a socket receiving the suction pipe. Into the cavity
at the lower end of the barrel is a side opening closed air-tight by a
cover. The cover has lugs upon it on the inner side, and a piece of sheet
india-rubber, which forms both the hinge and the packing of the valve
over the suction passage, is held by these lugs, which are simply passed
through holes formed for them in the india-rubber. The metal valve is
connected with the india-rubber by means of a central boss on the valve
over which the india-rubber is sprung, a corresponding hole being
formed in the india-rubber, and a groove being cut around the bottom
of the boss into which the india-rubber nips. The valve is made with a
projecting tail, serving, as is herein-after described, to lift the valve to
let the water run out of the pump, which is sometimes desirable to pre-
vent injury by frost and for other reasons. The bucket of the pump I
make of cast metal packed with hemp wound into a groove of some
length formed around it. The water passage is formed through it, with
a valve seat at its lower end. The valve is formed with wings or pro-
jections, which rest against the sides of the passage and guide the valve
as it opens and closes. The valve is faced with india-rubber sprung
around a boss on its face, as already described. The bucket is attached
to the rod or link which connects it with the handle or lever by a pin
passed through it near its upper end. Two bearings or fulcrums are
formed on the head of the pump to receive the handle or lever, and the
bucket has a projection at the bottom and on one side thereof. When
the handle or lever is in one of the bearings the projection on the
bucket, when the bucket is at the bottom of its stroke, comes on to the
tail on the suction valve, and so opens this valve, and this valve comes
against the valve in the bucket and, opens it also. In some cases, in
place of shifting the lever handle from bearing to bearing, the connection
with the connecting link may be separated and the bucket turned partly
round.
It is advantageous in some cases to work the pump in this
way, allowing a partial return at each stroke. By placing the handle or
lever in the other bearing the bucket will be turned, so that the pro-
jection upon it misses the tail of the suction valve, and the pump then
works in the ordinary way. With closed bore pipes or well tubes it
frequently happens that the water is yielded so slowly that but a very
small quantity of water can be drawn at once. To obviate this incou-

page_text: venience I employ a close vessel of such dimensions as to hold a sufficient
supply; this is connected with the upper end of the pipe by which the
water rises from the well. The suction pipe of the pump is also connected
with this close reservoir, and is provided with a valve to prevent the return
of the water into the well. The pump barrel is placed on a level with the
bottom of the reservoir, or as nearly so as it is desired, that the reservoir
should be emptied. The reservoir has an opening at the top fitted with
a stopper, and in setting the apparatus to work in the first instance the
reservoir is filled with water through this opening, and the stopper
(which fits air-tight) is inserted. Then when the pump is worked the
vacuum left on the ascent of the piston is supplied by water descending
into it from the reservoir, leaving a vacuum in the reservoir, and so the
supply required may be drawn from the reservoir. When the pumping
ceases the vacuum in the reservoir draws water from the well, as the well
is able to yield it, until the reservoir is again full or nearly so. From
time to time, as air accumulates in the reservoir and renders the action
imperfect, the stopper may be removed and the reservoir refilled. I
prefer to form within the reservoir a filter. This I do by placing at a
short distance from the bottom of the reservoir, over the connection with
the ascending pipe from the well, a perforated plate or slab on which a
bed of filtering materials is laid; then over this another perforated plate
or slab is placed, and firmly secured by a bolt tyeing it down to the
bottom of the reservoir. The suction pipe of the pump is connected
with the reservoir at a point above the filter, so that the water has to
ascend through the filter to it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Hawksley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HAWKSLEY, of Montrose Villas, Caledonian Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in
the thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and

page_text: successors, give and grant unto me, the said George Hawksley, Her
special licence that I, the said George Hawksley, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George Hawksley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Hawksley, my executors or adıministrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hawksley do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps and in
apparatus connected therewith.
In constructing pumps I cast the barrel with a foot at its lower end
by which it is fixed, and at its upper end a head and spout suitable to
receive and deliver the water from the barrel and to support the fulcrum
of the lever handle. Below the portion of the barrel to which the pump
bucket is fitted is a cavity of larger diameter closed at the bottom, with
the exception of the suction passage which passes through it, and
beneath which is a socket receiving the suction pipe. Into the cavity
at the lower end of the barrel is a side opening closed air-tight by a
cover. The cover has lugs upon it on the inner side, and a piece of sheet
india-rubber or leather, which forms both the hinge and the packing of
the valve over the suction passage, is held by these lugs, which are
simply passed through holes formed for them in the india-rubber. The
metal valve is connected with the india rubber by means of a central
boss on the valve over which the india-rubber is sprung, a corresponding
hole being formed in the india-rubber, and a groove being cut around
the bottom of the boss into which, the india-rubber nips. The valve:is

page_text: made with a projecting tail serving, as is herein-after described, to lift
the valve tr. let the water run out of the pump, which is sometimes
desirable to prevent injury by frost and for other reasons.
The bucket
of the pump I make of cast metal packed with hemp wound into a
groove of some length around it. The water passage is formed through
it, with a valve seat at its lower end. The valve is formed with wings
or projections, which rest against the sides of the passage and guide the
valve as it opens and closes. The valve is faced with india-rubber
sprung around a boss on its face, as already described. The bucket is
attached to the rod or link, which connects it with the handle or lever
by a pin passed through it near its upper end. Two bearings or fulcrums
are formed on the head of the pump to receive the handle or lever, and
the bucket has a projection at the bottom and on one side thereof.
When the handle or lever is in one of the bearings the projection on
the bucket, when the bucket is at the bottom of its stroke, comes on to
the tail on the suction valve and so opens this valve, and this valve
comes against the valve in the bucket and opens it also. In some cases,
in place of shifting the lever handle from bearing to bearing, the con-
nection with the connecting link may be separated and the bucket
turned partly round. It is advantageous in some cases to work the
pump in this way, allowing a partial return at each stroke. By placing
the handle or lever in the other bearing the bucket will be turned, so
that the projection upon it misses the tail of the suction valve, and
then works in the ordinary way.
pump
the
Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed shews a pump constructed
as above described; Figure 2 shews a side view, and Figure 3 a front
view of the same; Figure 4 shews a transverse section taken through
the lower part of the pump; Figure 5 shews a plan view of the pump
bucket.
Pumps of this description are more especially applicable for being
used with what are known as tube wells, as when these wells are first
sunk it is desirable on commencing to pump from them to allow the
water in the pump barrel to again partially flow back into the tube of
the well. The water in this tube will then with the full pressure of the
atmosphere upon it rapidly descend the tube, and will act as a ram to
loosen the earth around the lower end of the pump; by continuing to
work the pump in this manner, and so keeping the water in the well tube
oscillating to and fro for some time, the yield of the well will be greatly.

page_text: increased. The pump may afterwards by turning round the pump
bucket be set so as to work as an ordinary pump, and then no one
through carlessness can allow the water to flow back from the pump
barrel into the well tube, which otherwise would be the case if the
bucket were not so turned round, or if other precautions were not taken
to prevent the projection on the under side of the bucket from coming
into contact with the tail of the valve at the bottom of the pump.
In the Drawing a is the pump barrel cast in one piece with a foot a¹
to be secured to a suitable bed, and at the top the barrel is formed with a
liead and suitable spout, and also with lugs on its two opposite sides to
carry the pin or fulcrum upon which the pump handle is to turn, so that
the pump handle can be set to work on either side desired. The head is
covered over. with a cap 6 which is secured to the head by a pin of the
same diameter as the pin or fulcrum of the pump handle, so that which-
ever side the pump handle is set to work the cap may be secured to the lugs
on the opposite side of the head of the pump. c is the enlarged cavity or
chamber at the lower end of the pump; this chamber receives the valve
which closes over the top of the suction passage. Below the bottom of
the chamber is the socket e, to which the upper end of the suction pipe is
to be fixed. f is a cover adapted to a side opening into the chamber c;
f, f¹, are lugs carried on its inner side to pass through holes in the flap
of vulcanized india-rubber or leather which forms both the packing and
hinge of the valve. The metal weight and cover d of the valve is formed
on its under side with a central boss, over which the elastic flap is
sprung, as shewn, and on its upper side the weight d is formed with a
tail d'.
My improved form of pump bucket is clearly shown at Figure 1, and
in the plan view, Figure 5. It is made of cast metal with a long
groove h formed around it to be packed with hemp. The water passage
is formed through it, and there is a valve seat at its lower end. The
valve k is an inverted wing valve with a disc of india-rubber or leather
spring around a boss on its face, as shewn. The top of the valve is formed
with lugs to carry the pin 1, by which the bucket is connected to the
link which connects it to the pump handle; this pin also serves to
prevent the valve k from rising too high. On the under side of the
bucket is the projections m, which passes only partially around the
bucket. This projection is to act on the tail a' of the valve d when the
bucket is in the position shewn in Figure 1, but by turning the bucket

page_text: half way round, as above mentioned, the projection can be brought into
a position where it cannot act on the tail of the valve.
What I claim as regards this part of my Invention is, forming the
pump bucket with a projection extending partly around its under side,
so that by turning round the pump bucket the projection may either be
caused to act on the tail of a valve at the lower end of the pump in the
manner herein described, or be brought into such a position that it
cannot act on this valve, in order that the pump may then work as an
ordinary pump.
I also claim the general construction or arrangement of the pump
herein described. With closed bore pipes or well tubes it frequently
happens that the water is yielded so slowly that but a very small quantity
of water can be drawn at once. To obviate this inconvenience I employ
a close vessel of such dimensions as to hold a sufficient supply; this
is connected with the upper end of the pipe by which the water rises
from the well. The suction pipe of the pump is also connected with
this close reservoir, and is provided with a valve to prevent the return
of water into the well. The pump barrel is placed on a level with the
bottom of the reservoir, or as nearly so as it is desired, that the reservoir
s'ould be emptied. The reservoir has an opening at the top fitted with
a stopper, and in setting the apparatus to work in the first instance the
reservoir is filled with water through this opening, and the stopper
(which fits air-tight) is inserted. Then when the pump is worked the
vacuum left on the ascent of the piston is supplied by water descending
into it from the reservoir leaving a vacuum in the reservoir, and so the
supply required may be drawn from the reservoir. When the pumping
ceases the vacuum in the reservoir draws water from the well, as the
well is able to yield it, until the reservoir is again full or nearly so.
From time to time as air accumulates in the reservoir and renders
the action imperfect the stopper may be removed and the reservoir
refilled.
Figure 6 of the Drawings hereunto annexed shows a pump so con-
nected with a closed vessel that is connected with the upper end of a well
tube. a is the pump, which may be of any suitable construction; b is
the suction pipe of the pump leading to the close vessel c; d is the pipe
by which the close vessel c is connected to the well tube; the pipe d
at its upper end is, as above stated, provided with a valve to prevent
water flowing back from the vessel c down the well tube; e is a cup at

page_text: the top of the vessel c, the opening from the cup to the vessel being
closed by a tap for by a stopper. Through this opening the vessel c
is, as above stated, filled with water before setting the pump to work;
and also, if after the pump has been worked for some time there should
be an accumulation of air in the vessel c, the vessel can be emptied of
air by again filling it up with water. The cup e should be kept filled
with water to prevent air leaking into the vessel c through the tap or
stopper. The reservoir may also be formed with a filter through which
the water is caused to pass as it rises up into the reservoir. This I do
by placing at a short distance from the bottom of the reservoir over the
connection with the ascending pipe from the well a perforated plate or
slab on which a bed of filtering materials is laid; then over this
another perforated plate or slab is placed and firmly secured by a bolt
tyeing it down to the bottom of the reservoir. The suction pipe of the
pump is connected with the reservoir at a point above the filter, so
so that the water has to ascend through the filter to it.
This arrangement of pump and apparatus is also applicable for
drawing up water from a cistern or tank in order to keep a large supply
of filtered water in a close vessel from which it can be withdrawn for
use by a pump. At Figure 7 of the Drawings hereunto annexed is
shewn a pump combined with a close vessel and filter, as above described.
a is the pump; b, the close vessel connected by the pipe c with a well
tube or other source of supply; d is a perforated plate fixed across the
vessel 6 just above the point where the pipe c enters into it; above the
plate d are placed the filtering materials, and over these is the plate e
tied down by a bolt to the bottom of the vessel b; f is a passage leading
from the vessel b at a level above the plate e to the pump a'; the upper part
of the vessel 6 may be separate from the lower part, as shown, and simply
rest upon a soft packing to form an air-tight joint. It is not necessary that
the
pump should be formed with the close vessel, as shewn in Figure 7,
as it might be at a distance from it, as shewn at Figure 8. This Figure
shews the supply pipe of the vessel b leading to a tank containing a
supply of water which is drawn up into the vessel b as water is pumped
out from this vessel by the pump a.
By combining a pump with a close vessel into which water is drawn
through a filter, as above described, a copious supply of filtered water
can always be pumped from the close vessel, and this vessel will

page_text: afterwards be again gradually filled with water by water passing into it
through the filter.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hawksley, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-nineth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
GEORGE HAWKSLEY. (L.S.)