Improvements in Boxes, Cases, and the like, Usable for the Preservation of Merchandise.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
.
[Communicated from abroad by MALCOLM MACGREGOR HENDERSON, of
Osborne Avenue, East Brighton, County of Bourke, Victoria, Engineer,
GEORGE FULLERTON, of 18 Elphin Street, Newport, County of Bourke,
Victoria, Engineer, and CHARLES WILLIAM WATSON, Daphne, Brinsley
Road, Camberwell, County of Bourke, Victoria, Engineer.]
Improvements in Boxes, Cases, and the like, Usable for the
Preservation of Merchandise.
I ARTHUR BENJAMIN WATSON of 2 Seapoint Terrace Monkstown in the
County of Dublin Ireland, Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for 66
Improvements in boxes cases and the like usable for the
preservation of merchandise" and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to boxes cases and the like having a contour by which fluid
may circulate by way of a communicating path or paths of such form construction
or contour described on in or by the members of such structures whether simple
or compound or otherwise in build.
In carrying my invention into practice I do not limit myself to any special
method or methods system or systems means mechanism or the like for the supply
of fluid for circulation any suitable method or methods system or systems means
mechanism or the like being adaptable for the purposes of my invention.
In assembling boxes cases and the like for brevity herein termed a box or boxes
suitable for merchandise principally farm dairy orchard or other like product or
such as may be of a perishable character it is essential for successful transportation
to secure efficient circulation of a fluid between or around same.
I therefore make provision by which fluid at any desired but preferably at a
reduced refrigerative or preservative temperature of any class kind or composition
exerts influence by way of a communicating path or paths formed on in or by the
members of the boxes.
My boxes are of such contour design configuration or construction that only
portions of same contact with adjacent boxes or structures or with portions of
same.
Contours embodying my invention are of almost infinite variety the forms
illustrated and described being admirably adapted for carrying my invention into
effect.
"2
In the term " simple I include boxes consisting of only one casing whose
members are either formed of only one ply of material or more than one in
intimate contact or association to form substantially one piece of material.
In the term "compound" I include boxes consisting of at least two structures
the one containing the other such as a box combining an exterior casing with an
interior casing or lining whether the members of said structures are formed of
only one ply of material or of more than one in intimate contact or association.
If desired such structures may be formed of material either solid perforated or
provided with fluid inlets.
In the term "member" I include one complete side face or piece of a box
whether the box be simple or compound in build.
In the following illustrations
Fig. 1. illustrates portion of a box whose members are formed with a corrugated
contour providing a path or paths for circulation of fluid.

page_text: sportio
of corrugations.
Fig. 3 illustrates a modification of Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 illustrates a further modification of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 illustrates a modification of Fig. 3.
μεν ουνι
Fig. 6 illustrates portion of a box member of compound build.
Fig. 7. illustrates an edgewise view of portion of a compound box similar to
that illustrated by Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 illustrates a modification of Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 illustrates a vertical section of portion of a compound box illustrated
by Fig. 8.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2
The contour consists of corrugations projections or extensions / as clearly
depicted.
Preferably I provide means such as a strip H of any desired contour and width
and preferably of greater width than one corrugation or projection.
Such strip may be along the margin or elsewhere to prevent interlocking but
other devices to secure the same result may be adopted. If desired some or all of
the angles of the box members may be formed or shaped as indicated at e Fig. 1
thus securing an additional and inter communicating path or paths.
This strip H prevents the corrugations or projections on one box slipping into
or interlocking with the corrugations or other projections or extensions of an
adjoining box and thus tending to obstruct circulation.
Fig. 3 depicts a modification of Figs. 1 and 2 illustrating a contour including
corrugations or projections i formed in combination with but at an angular direction
relatively to the corrugations h and constructing projections j.
A similar strip H is shewn along the margins and corrugated to admit circulation
of fluid in various directions. If desired a member may be wrought so as only to
leave a marginal border or strip of projections or similar strips may be distributed
over the face of a member omitting all such as the projections j.
In Fig. 4 the contour consists of projections or extensions formed by grooving
the members as at I.
In this fig. the ridges of the projections or extensions are shown at a different
level to that of the strip H but this is not essential they may be otherwise.
By grooving the members as shewn a greater space is obtained between the
ridges of adjacent boxes while as shewn the strip H fulfills the same object as in
the other figures described.
I may dispense altogether with the strip II in any of the contours it being
delineated to show an approved manner of preventing interlocking.
By forming the projections on a face either tapering or of various or varying
diameters the same result is obtained.
The contour in Fig. 4 may be further modified by grooving the member in an
angular direction as described with reference to Fig. 3.
In Fig. 4 the grooves are shewn as forming conical ridges but they may be
formed apart leaving a flat surface between one groove and the next thus forming
a flat headed projection or extension instead of an angular one. In Fig. 5 a
modification of Fig. 3 is illustrated in which the projections ; are shewn as of
spherical formation.
Some of such projections ; may be on one side and some on the other of a
member and they may be of conical or other modified contour.
Fig. 6 illustrates a box of compound build having an exterior casing N and an
interior casing O the former being illustrated as being partially formed with
corrugations n externally and internally.
In Figs. 68, and 9 a strip H is shewn at a different level to the corrugations or
other projections to secure an additional and inter-communicating path or paths
for circulation of fluid. This is also applicable to all boxes made according to this
invention with or without means to prevent interlocking.

page_text: In Fig. 7 a non-interlocking strip H is shewn formed by an enlarged corrugation
which however is not absolutely necessary.
The angles also may be shaped as at e Figs. 1 and 7.
The whole or any portion of one both or either casings may be formed of
perforated material to facilitate fluid contact or non-perforated material as
preferred.
By employing perforated material a means of ingress and egress is provided by
which the fluid may either act on or contact with the contents of the exterior
casing as shewn in Fig. 6.
In Fig. 8 which illustrates the corrugations n formed angularly relatively to the
edge apertures 9 to facilitate fluid contact are shewn which may be located as
desired not necessarily in the corrugated portion although that is a suitable place
for same.
Each member or casing of any box whether simple or compound may be formed
of one ply of material as in Figs. 6 and 7 or more than one in intimate contact
with each other as shewn in reference to the inner casing or lining in Figs. 8 and 9.
If any or all the members of the casings are formed of material built up in
plies whose grains are arranged to vary angularly very strong casings are produced
whose thickness need not be so great as in the former instance.
Boxes formed with an exterior casing illustrated with reference to Figs. 1 to 9
inclusive or in modification thereof or analogous thereto embodying my invention
may be used with or without an interior casing or casings.
It will be clear from the Specification and drawings that for each box at least
one continuous encircling or communicating path or paths is or are secured.
In constructing boxes according to my invention I do not limit myself to any
particular material or method or means of producing same.
Illustratively if timber is used my invention may be wrought out by any milling
grooving shaping or other suitable machine.
If metal or plastic or mouldable material the members may be stamped pressed
or otherwise treated as may be necessary and said members may be secured
together in any desirable way.
They may also be chemically or otherwise treated to make them suitable for any
desired purpose.
Obviously the box may simply consist of what has been designated and described
as an exterior casing of solid material or perforated or partially perforated material
or material provided with fluid inlets to allow the fluid to contact directly with the
contents of the box.
In compound boxes the separate parts of the inner casing may be removeably
assembled thus allowing the contents to be readily inspected by simply opening and
removing the outer casing when the parts of the inner casing may be separated
and after inspection be re-assembled and the outer casing replaced.
A simple contour for the meeting edges or faces of the parts forming the inner
casing to effect this and also prevent them "falling in "while being assembled
within the outer casing is the bevel on the edges of each part as in Figs. 7 and 9
but any other suitable contour may be used. Obviously only one part may be
removeable and the rest rigidly secured.
While a cubical form of box has for convenience been illustrated I do not
confine myself to a box having any special number of members.
It will be evident that a great number of contours may be designed for carrying
my invention into effect and affording similar facilities for handling and while I
have illustrated and described certain contours well adapted to my invention 1 do
not limit myself to same.
While boxes providing or provided with a path or paths for circulation of fluid
may be used either singly or in quantity without I find it desirable to use same in
association or combination with any suitable method or methods system or systems
means mechanism or the like for the production or delivery of fluid either generated
iu a quiescent state for supplied in an intermittent or continuous flow to the

page_text: enclosure in which the box or boxes is or are assembled and withdrawn from same
or otherwise producing a forced circulation and thus ensuring each box receiving
the benefits of same thus preventing heating and other causes of deterioration.
My invention is equally applicable for ventilation and other purposes as for
preservation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. A box formed with a continuous encircling or communicating path or paths
and provided with means to prevent interlocking.
2. A box one casing of which is formed externally or externally and internally
with paths by which communication or intercommunication for circulation of fluid
is secured and with or without means to prevent interlocking.
3. A box with a casing whose contour allows portions of same to contact with
adjacent structures and provided with apertures or perforations to facilitate fluid
contact.
4. A box any or all of the members of whose casing or casings are formed of two
or more plies of material whose grains or fibres are arranged angularly relatively
to each other.
5. A box whose contour provides extensions or projections at various levels.
6. A box whose contour includes corrugations or modifications thereof forming
a path or paths for circulation of fluid with or without apertures or perforations
or both and with or without means to prevent interlocking.
7. A box whose contour includes corrugations or modifications thereof forming
a path or paths for circulation of fluid with or without apertures or perforations or
both with or without means for preventing interlocking and whose angles are
shaped to provide a path or paths for fluid circulation.
8. In a compound box as set forth in the foregoing claim or claims an interior
casing formed and arranged to facilitate inspection.
9. A box whose members are formed as described and illustrated with reference
to Figs. 1 and 2.
10. A box whose members are formed as described and illustrated with reference
to Fig. 3.
11. A box whose members are formed as described and illustrated with reference
to Fig. 4.
12. A box whose members are formed as described and illustrated with reference
to Figs. 6 7 8 and 9.
Dated this 27th day of August 1805