IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU FACTURING LOOPED AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1851

page_text: VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of January, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exors,
admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my
exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all Her Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANU
FACTURING LOOPED AND OTHER WOVEN FABRICS," being a communication from a
foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
obliging me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
Dina S17

page_text: part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thercon (that is to say):-
The first part of this Invention, which has been communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, relates to certain new and useful improvements in
looms for weaving Brussels and tapestry carpets and other piled fabrics, and
the following is a full, clear, and exact description of these improvements,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, making part of this
Specification; in which Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a front elevation with the front
part of the frame represented in red lines. Fig. 2 is a plan with the breast beam
removed to exhibit the stop motion. Figures 3 and 4, Sheet II.; are side
elevations. In Sheet II. Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken at the line A, a,
of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a vertical section of the lathe at the line B, b, of Fig. 1;
and Figures 7 and 8 are vertical sections of detached parts, the views being
taken at the lines C, c, and D, d, of Fig. 5, and looking from the back of
the loom. The same letters indicate like parts in all the Figures.
The Inventor of the present improvements some years since obtained a
Patent for improvements in machinery for weaving Brussels carpets, and in
the Specification of this Patent the carrying and supporting of the wires as
they pass between the warps is made the subject of a claim.
That part of the present Invention whereby a similar object is to be effected
consists in guiding and supporting the pile wires (as they pass between the
warps) by means of a guide or guides, through which or on which the said
wires slide.
And this part of the present Invention also consists in causing the moveable
guides and supports, which have a vertical movement, to open and close, so
that to insure the introduction of the wire in a proper position it shall be
introduced when the guides are closed, and when the wire is in place it may
be liberated by the opening of the guides or supports.
And this part of the present Invention also consists in the employment of
a stop motion, which is acted on by the wires as they are introduced, so that
when the wire fails to be introduced the loom shall be stopped.
The accompanying Drawings represent the framework and so much of a
loom as is necessary to exhibit the improvements and the parts appertaining

page_text: thereto. On one end of the race beam there is a trough a, in which the wires
are dropped as they are withdrawn from under the pile of the fabric, and
below this and working between guides b, b, is a slide c, with the wire driver d
attached to it, and extending down into the trough for the purpose of driving
the wires into the open shed of the warps. The slide and driver are operated
by an arm e, which at its lower end is jointed to a rocker fof the lathe g, and
atits upper end by a joint link to the slide, and this arm in turn is connected
by a joint rod i with the crank j, the shaft of which has a pinion, which
gears into the cogs of a sector rack on one arm of a rocker m, the other
arm n of which carries a friction roller or wrist, which fits in the groove o of
a camp on a shaft q, which receives motion from the main shaft 2 by means
of bevil cog-wheels 8, s.
From this it will be seen that as the cam rotates it will from the peculiarity
of its form carry the driver in and back once for every rotation of the main
shaft, and from the position of the cam relatively to the lathe, the in motion
will take place while the lathe is thrown back and the shed is open.
In front of the race beam, and below the bottom thereof, there is a platet,
the ends of which slide vertically in ways u, u, attached to the race beam,
so that the whole will be carried back and forth with the lathe.
At the back of the race beam there is an arbor u, having its bearings in
bracket pieces w, w.
Two arms a, a, of this arbor enter mortices in the
plate t near each end thereof, so that when the arbor vibrates the said plate
shall be carried up and down, and for the purpose of giving the required
movement the arbor is provided with another arm y at one end, which has a
wrist pin that fits into a cam groove in the upper end of an arm a¹ of a
rock shaft 1, which has its bearings in brackets c¹ attached to the side of the
frame, and this rocker has another arm d¹, the outer end of which is provided
with a wrist pin that fits a cam groove e¹ in a plate f¹ on the same shaft as the
previously described cam. It will be seen that as the lathe beats up, the wrist
pius of the army is carried forward of the front end of the cam groove in
the upper end of the arm a¹, so that when this arm is moved in by the cam
groove el, the wrist pin enters the groove of the arm a¹, and as the lathe
moves back the wrist pin is carried up the inclined form of the groove,
which by means of the parts connected therewith elevates the plate t, and
then the groove runs horizontally for a short distance, so as to keep the plate
in the same position, whilst the driver is carried inwards to introduce the wire,
and at the end of the back movement of the lathe the wrist pin passes out of
the groove to permit the plate to drop down by its own weight.
As the lathe shaft makes three revolutions to one of the main shaft, the

page_text: above-described movement will only take place ouce every third heat, so that
there may be two intermediate picks for weaving in the loops. These propor-
tions may, however, be varied, if it be desired to increase or diminish the
number of beats for each wire. The above-described movements of the
plate t are for the purpose of operating a series of supports or guides for the
wires. These supports or guides are made each in two parts, as follows:-
Projecting upwards from the upper edge of the plate are a series of stationary
semi-supports g', bevilled off on the two sides and brought to a point; to pass
in freely between the warps. In front they are flat, with a semicircular
recess near the top, and in front of these are the other semi-supports h of the
same form, but attached to a rocking shaft ¹, having its bearings in brackets
projecting from the front of the plate t. When the front semi-supports are
forced up against the others, the supports are complete, leaving around hole j¹
in each, as shewn by red lines in Fig. 6, for the reception of the looping wires,
and when drawn forward or opened to liberate it, so that they may descend
and leave the wire between the warps. The opening and closing of the
supports or guides is effected by an arm on the end of the rocking shaft i¹,
the wrist pin of which runs in a groove in a bracket piece (see dotted lines in
Fig. 4), so that when the plate is elevated for the purpose of carrying up the
supports to the line of motion of the wire, the supports shall be closed, and
when descending they shall be opened to deliver the wire.
The first support or guide at the end towards the driver is formed with
projecting lips (as shewn in the Drawings), the better to guide the end of the
wire when it first enters. In this way it will be seen that the wire when
forced in is sustained by passing through the holes in the series of supports,
so distributed throughout the breadth of the loom as to give it sufficient
support, however fine and pliable it may be, and that when the wire is
introduced between the warps, it is then deposited by the opening and descent
of the warps.
Beyond the last support on the end of the lathe opposite the driver there is
a spring stop lever m³, turning on a fulcrum pin n¹ attached to the plate t.
When a wire is introduced and the end thereof is forced against the upper
end of this stop lever, a pin o¹ on its lower arm is carried under the catch of a
weighted arm p¹, and there held until the plate t descends, at which time the
end of the weighted arm strikes against a spur q' on the lathe, and thereby
liberates the stop lever preparatory to the insertion of another wire. But
when a wire fails to be introduced, the lathe as it begins to beat up brings a
projection on the lower end of the stoplever into contact with a shoulder s¹
on a rod t¹ jointed to an arm u³ of a rocking shaft vl, and pushes forward this

page_text: .
rod, which rocks the shaft v¹, the outer end of which carries a catch w¹, which
liberates the arm a¹ of another rockery, provided with a helical spring ¹, the
tension of which forces another arm a² against the shipper be, and liberates it
in the usual manner, and thus stops the loom. The rocking shaft vl is also
provided with a helical spring c², the tension of which always tends to carry
the rod back, and the catch w against the arm ¹, so that whenever the
shipper is restored preparatory to starting the loom, the arm x will be caught
and held until liberated by the non-introduction of a wire. The rear end of
the rod t slides in a support d², to keep it in the required position.
Having thus pointed out the principle of this part of the Invention, and
described the mode of constructing and operating the same, I do not wish it
to be understood as limiting myself to the special mode of construction,as this
may be greatly varied without departing from the nature and object of the
present Invention; as, for instance, the supports may be made in one piece,
and open at the top, or near the top, for the delivery of the wires, or they may
be opened and closed by sliding the one part on the other by making the
recess on the one part saficiently large to receive the wires and other mecha-
nical arrangements, as the equivalents of those above described may be
substituted for giving the required movements to the supports or guides, and
for forming the connection between the stop lever and the shipper to stop the
loom whenever a wire fails to be introduced. As these are merely the details
for carrying the principle of the present Invention into practice, it will be
obvious to mechanicians that they may be variously modified.
What I claim as new in this part of the improvements, and desire to secure
by Letters Patent, is, guiding and supporting the pile wires as they pass
between the warps by means of a guide or guides through or on which the
said wires slide, as above specified, or in any other way substantially the same.
And I also claim closing and opening the supports or guides as they are
raised and depressed to receive and support or guide the wires, and to liberate
them in a manner substantially as herein described.
And I also claim the employment of a stop motion for the purpose of
stopping the loom whenever a wire fails to be introduced substantially in the
manner described, and the application of such motion to looms for weaving
looped or piled fabrics in which the pile is formed on wires.
The second part of the Invention relates to a new and useful improvement
in regulating the tension of warps, and regulating their delivery from the
bobbins usel in looms for weaving Brussels and other figured carpets and
fabrics of a similar character, and for other purposes where a uniform tension
is required. The following is a full and exact description of this part of the

page_text: present Invention, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in
which Fig.1,Sheet III., is a side elevation of a loon frame with the improve-
ment adapted to it. Fig. 2 is a top or plan view, and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal
vertical section through the line A, B, of Fig. 2.
The nature of this part of the Invention consists in suspending a weight on
the yarn in front of the spool or bobbin, which is so arranged as to unwind
the yarn at intervals (as the slack is taken up) by means of a catch, which
holds the bobbin from returning till lifted by a weight.
The spools a are arranged in a frame b in the usual way, and just in front
of each spool two wires care fixed in the frame. The catch d is formed of
wire, the ends of which are attached to a thin plate e, the position of which is
over the wires c above named, and extending from end to end of the spool.
The wire curves downward at each end of the spool to a point just behind it,
where it is coiled around a pin forming the fulcrum for it in the frame; from
thence it is bent upward and crosses over behind and parallel with the spool,
and resting against it from the rim of the spoi'. project one or more pins / that
strike against the wire d; this prevents the spool from turning to unwind the
yarn. The yarn runs from the spool forward over the wire c nearest to the
spool, and thence it passes down to the weight, that is suspended by it, and
from that over the other wire c to the shed. By this it will be obvious that
as the slack yarn is taken up the weight will be raised, and when the yarn is let
off from the spool it will fall, and all the time continue to keep the yarn
stretched with an equal tersion. The weight consists of a ball or other shaped
poise, from which a rod projects; about the middle of the length of this rod is
a flattened enlargement through which there is a hole, and from this a slot is
cut diagonally downward, thus forming a hook by which the weight is hung
on to the yarn, and leaving a portion of the rod to project above it, when the
slack of the yarn is used up as above named, and tlie weight is raised; the upper
end of the rod passes up between the wires c, strikes against the plate above,
and raises it; this relieves the pin on the spool from the catch and allows the
spool to turn, which lets off yarn and causes the weight to descend until the
catch being again brought into contact with the spool will stop its revolution
as it comes round. The position of the weight in raising the catch is shewn
in No. of the sectional Figure 3; No. 1 is represented with the weight
It will be obvious that the arrangement of the bobbins in the frame
or creel can be varied as well as that of the catches, for instance, placing them
endwise towards the loom or vertical, and so adapting the latches and weights
as to act in that position without changing the general principle.
down.
What I claim as new in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by

page_text: Letters Patent, is, the combination of the weight and catch with the bobbin or
spool, constructed and arranged in the manner and for the purpose substan-
tially as herein set forth, so that when the weight is drawn up it will relieve
the catch and allow the spool to unwind and the weight to fall.
The third part of the Invention relates to certain improvements in the loom
for weaving tapestry carpeting, and the following is a full, clear, and exact
description of the principle or character which distinguishes the present
improvements from all other things before known, and of the method of
making, constructing, and using the same, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings making part of the Specification, in which Fig. 1, Sheet IV.,
is an elevation of the right-hand side of the loom; Fig. 2, Sheet V., is a
similar elevation of the left-hand side; Fig. 3, Sheet VI., is a front elevation;
and Fig. 4, Sheet VII., is a plan view. The same letters indicate similar parts
in all the Figures.
Tapestry carpets are generally composed of three separate warps, viz., the
ground warp, the slack ground warp, and the figuring warp. The ground
warp controls the length of the cloth woven at each beat of the lathe, the slack
ground warp forms the back of the cloth, and the figuring warp forms the
figuring loops or face of the cloth. The figuring warp is previously printed
with the figure so clongated that when gathered up to form the figuring loops
the required form of figure will be produced on the cloth.
In the weaving of figured carpets it is highly important that all the figures,
designs, or patterns along the entire length of the piece be precisely of the
same measured length, so that when the carpet is put together the pattern
may be accurately matched. When the figure is produced by the jacquard it
is only necessary to measure out the cloth; but in tapestry carpets it is also
necessary to measure out the figuring warps to prevent the figure produced
from being imperfect, and at the same time it is important to have the fabric
as uniform in texture as practicable. To obtain these results is the object of
this part of the present improvements, which consist in regulating the delivery
or giving out of one or more separate warps or chains by the separate tension
of each warp in combination with a ground or controlling warp, which deter-
mines the length of cloth made at each beat of the lathe; the delivery of the
said ground or controlling warp being also regulated by its tension, and cou-
trolled or fixed by a brake when the lathe beats up the cloth, the whole being
combined with a regular and positive take-up motion for taking up the finished
cloth, whereby the figure or pattern on the cloth may be of a regular
measured length, and the body of the cloth, as nearly as practicable, of
a regular texture.

page_text: And this part of the Invention also consists in the employment of an index
measuring apparatus or the equivalent thereof, to indicate the amount of
figuring warps which are taken up in the process of weaving, so that the
tension thereof may be varied if more or less than sufficient is being woven in.
When this is combined with an index measuring apparatus or the equivalent
thereof to indicate the amount of cloth woven, the figure on the warps and on
the woven cloth can be relatively measured to determine the entire figure,
whilst the delivery of the figuring warps is self-adapting to any slight inequality
in the warps or the formation of the loops.
And this part of the Invention also consists in the employment of grids or
fingers vibrating independent of the lathe, for drawing forward and giving
tension to the weft before the lathe completes its beating-up movement, and
also to retain the weft while the lathe commences its back movement, to
prevent such back movement of the lathe from drawing back the filling
or weft.
There are many parts represented in the Drawings which make no part
of the present Invention, and which therefore need not be described.
In the accompanying Drawings, shewn in Sheets IV., V., VI., and VII.,
a represents the ground warp, which passes from the warp beam over the
tension roller c, and thence through the harness and reed in the usual manner;
the tension roller c has its bearings in the upper arms of two levers d, d, that
turn on stud pins e, e, their lower arms being in the form of cogged sectors
ff, the cogs of which engage pinions g, g, on a shaft, and from this shaft
projects an arm with a weight, which tends constantly to turn the said shaft,
and by the connection of the pinions and cogged sectors tends constantly to
force the roller c back from the lathe, and thereby to exert a tension force on
the warps. The said shaft has also another arm j jointed to a connecting
rod, which at its other end is jointed to a wedge piece that turns on a
vertical shaft m, and just over a crown ratchet wheel n attached thereto.
This said wedge piece is so formed and situated that when the warps are
under a tension so great as to overcome the gravity of the weight i, the
tension roller around which they pass will be drawn forward, and by this
movement push the said wedge piece from under a ratchet pall or hand o,
which is jointed to and receives motion from the lathe p. This permits the
pall or hand to act on the ratchet teeth, and to turn the shaft m, which, by
a worm 7 on the upper end thereof that engages the cogs of a wheel on the
warp beam, gives out the required supply of warps. But when the supply of
warps is sufficient, the weight carries back the tension roller, which draws the
wedge piece under the pall or hand to disengage it from the cogs of the

page_text: ratchet wheel, and stops the further supply of warps until the tension again
requires a supply. When the lathe beats up the weight, an additional strain
is given to the warps, which would affect the position of the tension roller and
its connection with the let-off motion of the warp beam, even when no further
supply is required. To prevent this, on one end of the shaft there is a
brake wheels, around the periphery of which passes a brake strap t, the rod u
of which is jointed to the lathe, so that as the lathe beats up it draws the
brake strap on to the brake wheel, and there holds it during the beat on the
cloth to prevent the tension roller from yielding to the tension due to the
beating-up of the cloth, but the moment the lathe begins to recede, then
the brake is liberated and the tension roller is at liberty to perform its
appropriate function in regulating the delivery of the warps.
The slack ground warp passes from a beam w over a tension roller w³,
and thence through the harness and reed in the usual manner. The tension
roller has its bearings in sector levers a, which are fixed to the shaft y, and
to each of the levers is attached a strap s, which passes over the sector and
carries a rod at the lower end adapted to receive a series of weights a', which
give the required tension to the warps. The number of weights may be
increased or diminished, so that any degree of tension may be given to the
warps according to the intended texture of the cloth desired to be produced.
The beam of the slack warp is operated for giving out the warps by a pall
or ratchet hand b, ratchet wheel c', shaft d', worm c¹ and cog wheel, in the
same manner as the let-off motion of the ground warp and the pall or ratchet
hand is operated by a connecting rod jointed to it and to the lever of the
pall which operates the let-off motion of the ground warp. A cord a³ is
attached to one of the levers of the tension roller w³, and passes down to and
is attached to the pall or ratchet hand, so that when the warps become too
slack the tension roller is carried back by the weight, which by means of the
cord lifts the pall from the ratchet wheel, and thus the let-off motion is
Suspended until the tension roller is again drawn forward by the too great
tension of the warps. When the let off motion is renewed as the ground
warp resists the beat of the lathe, it is not necessary to connect a brake with
the tension roller of the other warps.
The figuring warp beam gl receives motion from a vertical shaft ¹ by
means of a worm it and cog wheel, the said shaft having a crown ratchet
wheel operated by a pall or ratchet hand jointed to the lathe by a con-
necting rod m in a similar manner to the let-off motion of the ground warp.
The let-off motion of this warp is arrested and renewed by the cords actuated
by the tension of the warp in the same manner as in the case of the slack
B

page_text: ground warp above described. The figuring warps n' pass from the beam y
over a measuring roller o¹, thence around a tension roller p' and through the
reed in the usual manner. The tension roller is mounted and weighted in
a.similar manner to the tension roller of the slack ground warps and for the
same purpose. But as in the forming and weaving in of the figured loops, or
pile more or less warp may be taken than necessary, which would injure the
figure, the measuring roller o' is connected at one end with an index wheel y'.
This index wheel turns freely on an excentric" on the end of the measuring
roller, so that at every revolution the index wheel is carried up and down to
the extent of the excentricity.
The periphery of the wheel is cogged, and there are two spurs s¹, s', attached
to the frame, one above and the other below the periphery of the wheel, and
so located that as the wheel is elevated one of the spaces between the cogs
catches into the upper spur, which then becomes the fulcrum on which the
wheel is vibrated by the excentric as it continues to turn, so that the wheel in
descending towards the lower spur shall be caught thereby in the space next
to the one which caught the preceding revolution. In this way at each
revolution of the measuring roller the index wheel is turned to the distance
of one cog.
The take-up roller t', around which the woven cloth passes, to be taken up
by a regular and positive take-up motion, is provided in like manner with
a like measuring or index wheel u', and the indices on the two wheels are so
divided and numbered as to indicate when the figuring warps are being woven
in, so as to adapt the figure printed thereon to the production of a perfect
figure of a given length on the woven cloth, but if the index indicates more
or less than enough is being woven in, then the weights on the sector levers
are to be reduced or increased to reduce or increase the tension of the warps,
which will vary the amount woven in for a given length of cloth. The pro-
portion of the indices will of course depend on the quality of cloth to be
woven and on the printing of the warps. On each side of the lathe there is
a sector bar v¹ attached to the frame, and having the same radius as the
corresponding part of the lathe, and near the forward end they have vertical
projecting fingers wl, which may be called grids. The upper surface of these
bars at the back of and under the fingers w¹ are grooved so as to form ways
in which slide straps r', ', that carry corresponding fingers y', y', which,
when drawn forward, enter the spaces between the stationary fingers. The
back set of moveable fingers y¹ is drawn forwards by a strap a¹, a¹, which
winds around and is attached to the periphery of the roller a² on an arbor b",
which carries a smaller pulley c², to which is attached another strap ², which

page_text: winds around it, and to which is suspended a small weight e² of sufficient
gravity to draw the fingers forward with greater velocity than the lathe beats
up. And each set of the said fingers is drawn back by another strap f²,
which passes over a roller g² at the back of the bar. This strap f2 is attached
to a weight of sufficient size to overcome the weight which draws them
forward. The said weight forms one arm of a beut lever, the other arm 12
being provided with a friction rollery, which bears on the periphery of a
cam 2 on the main cam shaft 12, which cam at the time the fingers are to be
drawn forward elevates the lever, so that the small weight in front may draw
the fingers forward, and so soon as the cam has passed the arm the
weighted lever he is free to descend and draw back the fingers.
As before stated, there is one set of such stationary and moveable fingers on
each side of the reed with the connecting parts for operating the moveable
fingers. The two cams, ka, are placed on opposite sides of the main shaft,
which makes but one revolution to two of the lathe shaft m2, and hence one
set of moveable fingers is operated at each beat of the lathe, and the positions
of these cams relatively to the cranks 2, which operate the lathe, must be such
as to permit one set of moveable fingers to be started forward just after the
lathe has commenced its forward movement; but as they are drawn forward
by the gravity of a weight,they pass and complete their movement before the
lathe, and by this means draw the weft thread tight against the woven cloth
before it is beaten up by the lathe, and on the back movement the moveable
fingers do not start back until after the lathe has commenced its back move-
ment, for the purpose of holding the weft thread that it may not be drawn
back by the back motion of the lathe, but the cam passes directly after the
lathe has commenced its back movement, and then the back weight moves
them back so much faster than the back moveinment of the lathe, that they
reach the end of their back movement in time for the throw of the shuttle.
The stationary fingers stand in a plane forward of the plane of the reed at
the end of its forward movement, and hence when the moveable fingers draw
the weft thread forward and grasp it against the stationary fingers, they draw
the slack out of the weft thread, and thus give the required tension to the weft
to form a good selvage.
If the weft thread, however, has not been carried across, the moveable
fingers will enter between the stationary fingers before the lathe completes its
forward movement. The straps by which the moveable fingers are drawn
forward are slotted to embrace arms o² on a rocking shaft p2, which shaft has
another arm q2 with a catch 2 to hold an arm s2 of another rocking shaft t2,
around which is coiled a helical spring u², the said rocking shaft being

page_text: '
provided with another arm v², which bears against the shipper lever u,so that
when either of the arms of is depressed by one of the straps, whenever by the
absence of the filling or weft they are permitted to move forward sufficiently
for this purpose, the arms is liberated, and the tension of the helical spring
starts the shipper toshift the belt from the fast to the loose pulley,and thereby
stop the loom before the end of the beating-up motion of the lathe. In this
way the moveable fingers answer the threefold purpose of drawing the weft
thread tight before the beat of the lathe of holding the weft thread in place
during part of the back movement of the lathe to prevent injury to the selvage,
and of stopping the loom before the lathe beats up whenever the filling fails
or is not carried across. The first two purposes of the fingers moving inde-
pendently of the lathe could not be effected by any known arrangement if the
griping fingers or grids were attached to and operated with the lathe.
I have thus fully described and represented the mode of applying the
principle of the various parts of the Invention, but.J do not mean to confine
myself rigidly thereto, as the mode of application may be greatly varied without
changing the principle of the Invention in any particular.
What I claim as new in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by
Letters Patent, is, regulating the delivering or giving out of one or more
warps or chains by the separate tension of each in combination with a ground
or controlling warp, which determines the length of cloth made at each beat of
the lathe by having the delivery of the said ground or controlling warp
regulated by its tension and controlled by a brake or the equivalent thereof
when the lathe beats up, the whole being combined with a regular and positive
take-up motion for taking up the woven cloth, whereby the figures of the cloth
may be woven of a regular and measured length, and the body of the cloth as
nearly as practicable of a regular texture, as described.
I also claim the employment of an index wheel or measuring apparatus, or
the equivalent thereof, to indicate the length of figuring warps given out or
taken up in the process of weaving, substantially as and for the purpose
specified, when this is combined with an index or measuring apparatus to
indicate the amount of cloth woven.
And, lastly, I claim the employment of fingers moving or vibrating inde-
pendently of the lathe, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to a new and useful method of
delivering out the figuring warps in looms for weaving tapestry carpets, and
the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings making part of this Specification, in which
Fig. 1, Sheet VIII., is-a plan; Fig. 2 in the same Sheet is a side elevation;

page_text: and Fig. 3, Sheet IX., is a longitudinal vertical section. The same letters
indicate like parts in all the Figs.
As in the weaving of tapestry carpets the figures are produced by warps on
which the figure has been printed of such greater length that when taken up
'to form the pile the figure shall appear on the face of the cloth of the required
proportions, it follows that unless these warps be delivered out in due pro-
portions for given lengths of cloth, the figure produced on the cloth:will not
match. If the figures which are printed on the warps continued of uniform
length until woven into the cloth, a positive delivery motion to give out the
figuring warps in measured lengths for given lengths of cloth would effect the
purpose; but after the warps have been printed it is found in practice that,
from some cause or causes not necessary to mention; the printed figures or
pattern will vary in length, and hence if delivered out by a positive and
unvarying motion the figures produced on the woven fabric will not match.
The object of this part of the Invention is to avoid; as far as possible, any
defect in the figures on the cloth by reason of any irregularity in the printed
figures on the warps, and to this end the Invention consists in the employment
of a shifting clamp (or clamps), which is (or are) clamped on to the warps at
certain determined points in the length of the printed figure, when the
said clamp or clamps is or are used in combination with endless belts (or
their equivalents) which have a given and positive motion to deliver out the
figuring warps, the said clamp or clamps having certain determined points of
attachment with the belts. By this means the clamp is secured to the warps
at the determined points in the length of the printed figure, and then attached
to the given points on the belts, so that if the figure on the warps be too long
they will be loose, and hence more will be taken up in forming the pile ; and
if too short they will be drawn tight, and less will be taken up, and by this
means the production of figures that wi!! match is insured.
The figures in Sheets VIII. and IX. of the accompanying Drawings re-
present this part of the improvement as applied to a loom for weaving cut-pile
fabrics double, so much only of the loom as is necessary to shew the con-
nections of the improvement with the loom being shewn in the Drawings.
a represents the frame, the lathe, e the lathe shaft, d, d, the two ground
warps, and e the arrangement of parts for cutting the pile and taking up the
cloths after they have been separated.
There is a frame/jointed to the upper ends of the two sets ofarmsh,h, andi,i,
on two rocking shafts j and k, the latter of which has an arm / extending down
and provided with a wrist fitted to a cam groove m on a cain shaft n, which

page_text: derives motion from the lathe shaft by cog wheels o, p, so that the cam shaft
shall make one revolution to three of the lathe shaft, so that for every third
pick the cam moves the frame towards the lathe and back. The object of this
is to carry forward the figuring warps towards the lathe at the time the pile is
tied into the cloth, so that the reed shall beat up the pile properly into and
between the two cloths, which could not be done so well if the figuring warps
were tight at the time..
There are two rollers 7, 9, one at each end of this frame, each carrying a
small spur-wheel » outside of the frame, and the cogs of these wheels engage
the threads of two endless screws s, s, one at each end of a horizontal shaft t,
so that the two rollers shall move with the same velocity. This shaft carries a
small drum u, which is free to turn thereon; to the periphery of which drum
is attached a cord that winds around it, the other end being attached to a
lever w, which is depressed at the required time by a cam or tappet a on the
cam shaft, so that when the lever is depressed the drum is rotated in one
direction, and after the cam has passed, the drum is turned back again by the
tension of a spring y, to which there is a cord z attached, that winds around
the said drum in the reversed direction of the other cord, and also attached to
the drum. In this way the drum receives a reciprocating rotary motion back
and forth once for every rotation of the cam shaft. To one end of the drum
there is attached a ratchet-hand or pall a¹, which engages the teeth of a
ratchet-wheel b¹ firmly secured on the shaft t, so that when the drum is rotated
in one direction by the depression of the lever, the shaft will be carried around
with it, but not on the return motion. At the rear end this shaft carries a
crank cl, to the wrist of which is connected a spring d¹, so that after the shaft
has been rotated in one direction, it is there held to prevent it from turning
back into the drum, and this arrangement also insures the turning of this
shaft one entire revolution at each operation without the necessity of turning
the drum one entire rovolution, for the moment the crank has passed the
upper dead point the tension of the spring draws it down to complete the
revolution.
By the above arrangement, the two rollers on the vibrating frame are
caused to rotate to the same extent at each operation. But instead of this
arrangement, any other mechanical means may be substituted which will
impart the required motion to the rollers. Around the two rollers there pass
two bands or belts el, el, one near each end; these belts are made to travel by
the motion imparted to the rollers.
The figuring warps pass from the yarn beam f¹ and around the rear, and

page_text: over the two rollers q, q, and the binds are pressed on to the forward one of
these rollers by a pressure roller g', so that they shall only be moved forward
by the positive and regular motion of the roller.
The warps pass between the jaws of a clamp ', so that the clamp can be
clamped on to the warps at any part of their length which may be desired, and
then the ends of the clamp are secured to the two bands by fitting on
to pins projecting therefrom at the required distance apart, to be determined
by the figure printed on the warps.
Any given point is selected in the printed figures from which to measure,
and there the clamp is secured so as to hold all the warps firmly, so that they
shall not slip through, and the clamp is then attached to the belts, and the
warps in the process of weaving are then delivered out by the regular and
positive motion of the rollers 2,2, and velts passing around them; and after
the required and determined length has been woven, the clamp is loosened
and reclamped on to the warps at the corresponding point in the next printed
figure, and the clamp secured to the next point of attachment on the belts,
and so on until all the fabric is completed. From the above it will be
observed, that as the, points of attachment of the clamp to the belts are
at equal distances, and the motion of the rollers and belts is positive, that is,
a given and measured length for each tying pick and beat of the lathe, and
the woven cloth is taken up by a measured and positive motion, it follows as
a necessary consequence that if the printed figure on the warps be too long,
they will be slack between the woven cloth and the clamp, and hence will be
more freely taken up in, the process of weaving, and that if the printed figure
be too short, less will be taken up, thus throwing the irregularity into the
thickness instead of the length of the cloth, producing figures theron that
will match.
In weaving pile fabrics single (to which the Invention is also applicable),
the motion of the delivery apparatus towards the lathe to yield to the beat
thereof may be dispensed with, as in this case the pile is not so long as in
weaving such fabrics double, and therefore the yielding motion is not so
important.
Instead of the belts passing around the two rollers, this may be dispensed
with, and two wheels, one on each side, and on the same shaft, or on separate
shafts, moving with equal velocities, may be substituted, by providing the
peripheries of these wheels with the requisite means for attaching the clamp
to them, as in the case of the belts, and instead of one clamp, two or more
may be used by shifting them alternately. And although I have herein
pointed out modifications of the mode of application of the principle of the

page_text: present Invention, yet I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to
these, as other modes involving the principle or mode of operation of the
Invention may be substituted.
What I claim as new in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by
Letters Patent, is, the method, substantially as herein specified, of producing
figures that will match, on tapestry, carpets, or other fabrics woven with
printed warps, by the employment of a clamp or clamps to be clamped on to
the warps as specified, in combination with belts or their equivalents having a
positive delivery motion, and to which the said clamp or clamps can be
attached at given distances, as specified.
The fifth part of the Invention relates to certain new and useful improve-
ments in the power loom for weaving cut pile fabrics, and the following is a
full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to Sheets X.
and XI. of the accompanying Drawings, making part of this Specification, in
which Figure 1, Sheet X., is a front elevation of the loom; Figure 2, au
clevation of the left-hand side; Figure 3, Sheet XI., an elevation of the right-
hand side; Figure 4 in the same Sheet is a plan of the lay and wire apparatus;
Figure 5, Sheet X., represents separate views of parts of the lay; and
Figure 6, in the same Sheet, is a transverse vertical section of the appa-
ratus for taking the cloth up to and off the knife for cutting the pile. The
same letters indicate like parts in all the Figures.
In carrying out this improvement I employ figuring wires which are
grooved longitudinally, such as have heretofore been used in weaving cut pile
fabrics in hand looms. The woven fabric is carried around rollers and
properly presented to a reciprocating knife, which moves across the face of
the fabric and in succession cuts the loops on the grooves of the figuring
wires, the grooves admitting of the passage of the knife without the edge
touching. After the cutting of the pile the wires are pushed out and delivered
into an appropriate trough, from which they are taken one by one by wings or
projections on two chains, and delivered at the proper time into a trough at
the end of the lathe, so formed as to insure the wires taking the proper
position; and when the lay is carried back and the shed opened the wire is
pushed in under the looping warps, and guided and supported by slots in the
dents of the reed, which as the lathe moves up towards the woven cloth, pass
down below the warps, and thus leave the wire between the warps to be
woven in.
This part of the Invention consists, first, in cutting the loops on the wires
(as the cloth is woven) by means of a reciprocating knife combined with the
weaving part of the loom, and operated by a mangle motion, or any equivalent

page_text: mechanical movement which will carry it across the face of the cloth and
back.
Secondly, in combining with the reciprocating knife for cutting the loop a
take-up roller provided with cogs, which enter between the wires over which
the loops are formed to present by a positive intermittent motion the ranges
of loops successively to the knives and parallel to their motion.
Thirdly, in combining with the knife for cutting the loops bevelled or
wedge-formed guides, placed near the selvage of the cloth between which the
knife passes, and by which its edge is guided to enter the grooves in the
figuring wires.
Fourthly, in combining with the knife for cutting the loops a trough, into
which the wires drop, and a second trough into which they are successively
transferred, so that they may be carried back to and under the looping warps.
This part of the Invention relates, fifthly, to an improvement in the method
of transferring the wires to the open shed of the warps, and consists in
combining with the trough into which the wires are transferred chains with
projecting wings or spurs, which in succession take the wires and carry them
up and deliver them in an appropriate box at the side of the lathe.
This part of the Invention relates, lastly, to an improvement in the method
of guiding and supporting the looping wires,and consists in making the dents
of the reed with slots or grooves in their front edge, through which and by
which the wires pass and are guided and supported as they are introduced in
the open shed of the figuring warps.
In the several Figures in Sheets X.and XI. of the accompanying Drawings,
A represents the frame; B, the driving pulley; C, the lathe; D, the cam
shaft; and E, F, the cogged pinion and wheel, which communicate motion'
from the driving shaft to the cam shaft, all of which are of the usual con-
struction, except so for as will be horein-after described. The stop motions
and many other parts common to power looms are not represented and will
not be described; as they are not essential to a clear understanding of the
present improvements. With a view to a clear description I shall invert
the order of the operations and commence with the description of the mode of
taking up the woven fabric, and trace back the construction and operation
to the introduction of the figuring wires under the figuring warps.
The warps pass through the harness and reed in the usual way, and the
woven cloth passes over a guide roller (not lettered on the Drawings, but
indicated by dotted lines), thence around another roller j (mounted in and
turning in appropriate journals), the periphery of which is formed with ribs
parallel with its axis, and at such distance apart as to correspond with and
C

page_text: enter the spaces between the ranges of loops; from this the cloth passes in a
reverse direction around a take-up roller a, which at each end beyond-the
selvages of the cloth is provided with cogs b, b, which enter between the ends
of the figuring wires that project beyond the selvages of the cloth. These
cogs should be appropriately pointed to enter freely, and their distance apart
and the diameter of the roller should be so proportioned as to prevent any
slip, (that is to say,) the pitch line of the cogs and of the wires when the cloth
lies on the periphery of the roller should have the same radius; the cloth
then passes from the take-up roller a around a guide roller %, and thence to
the cloth beam 2, on which it is rolled in the usual way. For the purpose of
taking up
the cloth with a regular intermittent motion on the end of the shaft
of the take-up roller a, there is a ratchet wheel c with as many teeth as there
are cogs b on each end of the said roller, and at every, operation this wheel is
turned to the distance of one tooth by a pawl d jointed to the end of a radial
arm e, which vibrates on the shaft of the take-up roller a, and to the outer
end of this arm e is jointed a bar f, which slides vertically in a stand g attached
to the frame, and at each operation of the knife (to be presently described)
this bar is lifted by an inclined plane h (attached to the knife carriage o) to
the distance required to turn the ratchet wheel the distance of one tooth, and
as the inclined plane h moves from under the bar f it descends by gravity,
carrying back the pawl to be ready for another operation, the ratchet wheel
being prevented from turning back by a catch hand in the usual manner,
which need not therefore be represented or more particularly described.
From the foregoing it will be seen that the cloth is taken up by a positive
intermittent motion, and that at each operation it will be carried forward a
distance equal to the space between any two of the ranges of figuring loops,
and as the wires over which the loops are formed are flat with grooved edges,
and they are woven in the cloth so as to stand edgwise, it follows that at each
operation of the take-up roller one wire will be presented horizontally in front
of the said take-up roller with one range of figuring loops over one of its
grooved edges.
When the cloth is in the position just above described the cutting operation
takes place. There is a lancet-pointed knife m attached horizontally to an
arm n of a carriage o, which slides horizontally in ways made in the back part
of the beam, which takes the place of the breast beam of an ordinary loom,
and which is slotted to allow the arm n which passes through to the front to
move back and forth. with the carriage and the knife. attached to it. The
knife is attached to the
he arm'n by a screw, so that its point can be accurately
adjuste 1 to cut through the figuring loops, and yet not reach the bottom of
1

page_text: the groove in the edge of the figuring wire. The range of motion of the
knife must be exactly parallel with the line of the figuring wire presented by
the take-up roller. The reciprocating cutting motion is given to the carriage
of the cutter by means of the well-known mangle motion. The mangle pins
2 attached to the back of the carriage o are represented by dotted lines in
Fig. 1, Sheet X., as also the mangle pinion 2, which is more fully represented
in Fig. 2, attached to the outer end of the mangle shafts, which vibrates on
a stud pin in the line of the axis of the driving shaft c, which carries a bevel
wheelt that engages the cogs of a corresponding pinion t on the mangle shaft,
and the outer end of the mangle shaft, as it is carried up and down by the.
mangle movement, is guided by the usual slotted guide vattached to the frame.:
As the knife begins to make its cutting notion by the operation of the
mangle pinion, the point of the knife is guided to ensure its entrance into the
groove of the figuring wire by the cogs of a guide wheel wattached to one
end of the take-up roller a, and just beyond the cogs the cogs of the said
wheel ware on the outside bevelled or wedge-formed, so that the point of the
Knife may enter between them freely, and at the inner edge of the wheel they
are just far enough apart to allow the knife to pass between them freely;
and
as the cogs of the wheel w correspond with the cogs d which hold the figuring,
wires between them, the point of the knife must of necessity enter the
at that part of the figuring wire which projects beyond the selvage of the cloth,
and then the said groove continues to guide the knife during the whole of its
cutting operation. So soon as the knife has cnt through the breadth of the
cloth it is carried back by the mangle pinion, and at the end of the back
motion the inclined plane h attached to the carriage (before described) elevates
the sliding bar f, which operates the ratchet wheel c for the purpose of turning
the take-up roller and carrying off the range of loops which have been cut,.
and thus cause another range to be presented and cut. When this takes place
the figuring wire drops out of the cut loops into a trough a below, from which
it is transferred at the next cutting operation into another trough at the
end of the one by means of an arm y jointed to the arm n of the cutter
carriage; the end of which arm runs in the trough a, resting on the bottom
thereof, and as the cutter performs its cutting operation this arm bears against
the end of the figuring wire, and pushes it out of the trough a into the
trough z. But as the end of the wire must be carried beyond the end of the
trough a, the arm y is carried beyond the end of the trough and then it falls
below it, and is carried back below the said trough to clear the next wire,
which in the mean time may have fallen from the cut loops into the trough.
Towards the end of its back movement the said jointed arm lifts up a jointed
groove

page_text: inclined plane & to pass under it, which inclined plane then falls down again to
form an inclined guide to raise and guide the jointed army into the trough a
at the commencement of the next cutting and transferring operation. In this
way the operations succeed each other to the end of the piece of cloth. The
trough a may be called the receiving, and the trough the transferring trough,
as the latter makes part of the apparatus for transferring the figuring wires to
the open shed of the warps.
The transferring trough is of less length than the figuring wires, so that
whilst lying therein their ends may project beyond each end of the said trough.
The transferring apparatus consists of two chains f, f, each of which passes
around two spur wheels el, el, on each end of the two parallel shafts d', d',.
mounted in an appropriate inclined frame al attached to the side of the
loom.
The spurs of these wheels el, el, enter perforations in the chains or belts, or
are otherwise properly geared thereto, so that the two may move in unison.
The upper one of the shafts d' carries a ratchet wheel i¹, which is turned at
the required time by the lathe to move the chains or belts by a pawl /',jointed
to the upper end of a lever j¹, which vibrates on a fulcrum pin ¹, its lever
arm having a projection m¹, which enters a hole in the left-hand shuttle
box, so that the lathe may make its beat, without communicating motion to
the chains; for in weaving fabrics of this kind the lay makes more than one
beat for every wire. When, however, a wire is to be transferred this hole is
closed up in the manner to be presently described, and then the next beat of the
lathe strikes the arm of the lever and operates the chains to transfer a
wire. The chains carry pins gl, which project from their surfaces at equal
distances apart, which pins, as the chains are removed, come against the pro-
jecting ends of the figuring wires, and carry them up a guide plane ', which
extends up from the back edge of the trough, and at the upper end the said
plane is curved back to a horizontal direction, so as just to overhang a wire
box pl attached to the left-hand side of the lathe and back of the shuttle box,
so thatat the appropriate beat, when the lathe is moved forward the arm m¹ of
the ratchet lever is pressed forward, which causes the chains to drop one wire
into the wire box p', which is formed as represented in the cross section,
Fig. 5, Sheet X., so that the wire may rest in the bottom thereof with one
edge up. To this wire box is fitted a driver g', which runs on a rod n¹ in a
similar manner to a picker. It extends forward through a groove in the back
of the wire box, and its front end is fitted to run in the groove in.which the
wire lies, so that when moved inward it shall drive the wire into the open shed
of the warps. The dents of the rod (see Fig. 5) are formed with slots y cut

page_text: in from the front edge, and corresponding with the bottom of the wire box, SO
that when the wire is driven in, the dents form guides and supports for it.
along its whole length. The driver is operated by a cam r on the cam shaft
D, which acts on a treadle or lever s¹ connected by means of a strap with
the bent arm of a lever (similar to a picker staff), the upper arm of which
is connected with the driver by a joint link v¹. The form of the cam¹ is
represented in Fig. 2, and is such that after a wire has been woven in, that
is to say, after the loom has made the required number of picks to secure a
range of loops, the periphery of the cam is depressed to permit the driver to.
be drawn back by the helical spring w¹ connected with the leveru, sufficiently
far to be opposite the hole a¹ in the shuttle box H. The lathe is then carried
forward, and the driver being opposite the hole ¹ strikes the projecting part
m of the parol lever j', which actuates the chains f¹, f, to deliver a wire
over the edge of the guide plane h¹, from which it falls into the wire box p¹,
and therein takes the position represented in Fig. 5. The cam then runs
out from the axis to elevate the treddle lever and drive the wire through the
slots in the dents and in the open shed of the warps. The periphery of the
cam then runs in towards the axis to draw back the driver, but not so far back
as to be opposite the hole ¹ in the shuttle box, for the lathe must make its
intermitting beats without operating the wire-transferring apparatus; but
when a wire is to be transferred the said cam has a slight depression,
as before stated, which permits the driver to be drawn back a little by the
spring w¹.
The axis of vibration of the lathe, and the line of warps and cloth, must be
such that after a wire has been driven into the slots of the dents, and under
the open shed of the warps as the latlie beats up to carry the wire to the
woven part of the cloth, the slots in the dents by the vibration of the lathe.
may be carried below the warps, and by this means gradually leave the wire
standing edgewise under the figuring warps, and next to the range of loops
previously formed. From the foregoing it will be seen that the pile is regu-
larly and evenly cut, and that the wires drop out, and are transferred and
reintroduced under the figuring warps to be again in succession presented to
the knife; I do not wish to limit myself to the precise construction and
arrangement of parts, so long as the characteristics or principles of the
Invention above pointed out are retained. What I claim as new in this part
of the Invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,―
First, the arrangementor construction of parts herein shewn and described,
or any mere modification thereof, for cutting the loops in the grooved wires
as the cloth is woven) by means of a reciprocating knife combined with the.

page_text: weaving parts of the power loom, and operated substantially as herein
described.
Second, combining with the reciprocating knife for cutting the loops a take-
up roller provided with cogs which enter between the looping wires, for the
purpose of presenting the ranges of the loops in succession, and in a proper
position to the action of the knife, as herein described.
Third, combining with the reciprocating knife for cutting the loops bevelled
or wedge-form guides, placed near the selvage of the cloth for guiding the
knife at the commencement of the cut, as described.
Fourth, combining with the reciprocating knife for cutting the loops a
trough, into which the wires fall from the cut pile, and a second trough into
which they are successively transferred, as herein described.
Fifth, combining with the second trough, into which the wires are trans-
ferred, chains with projecting wings or spurs for taking the wires in succession
from the said trough, and transferring them to a wire box attached to the
lathe, as herein described.
And lastly, guiding and supporting the looping wires as they are intro-
duced under the warps, by means of slots or notches in the dents, as herein
described:
The sixth part of the Invention relates to power looms for weaving cut pile
fabrics double in connection with the jacquard for producing the figures
thereon, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, refer-
cuce being had to Sheets XII., XIII., and XIV. of the accompanying
Drawings, making part of this Specification, in which Figure 1, Sheet XII.,
is á front elevation; Fig. 2, a right, and Fig. 3, Sheet XIII., is a left side
elevation, and Fig. 4, Sheet XIV., is a vertical section. The same letters
indicate like parts in all the Figures.
This part of the Invention consists in combining with the loom for weaving
piled fabrics double, a jacquard for operating the figuring warps in the two
fabrics.
And this part of the Invention also relates to the disposition of the warps
for weaving cut pile fabrics double, with figures thereon produced by the
jacquard, and consists in dividing the figuring warps so that one half of the
threads shall be in connection with each cloth, so that the colors required for
the figure can be selected from the top, and carried to and tied into the
bottom cloth, or vice versa. By this means I am enabled to produce fabrics,
either with a greater variety of colors in the figure for the number of warps
woven into the body of the fabrics, or with the same variety or number of
colors to produce a thicker pile in proportion to the number of figuring warps

page_text: woven into the body of the cloth. To illustrate this: in the usual way of
weaving piled fabrics there must be as many figuring warps as there are colors
in the figure, so that if the figure consists of six colors in any one part of
the fabric, the pile will be formed of one, the other five being woven into the
body of the fabric, whilst on the improved plan for the same number of
colors there will be one forming the pile; and only two woven into the body
of the cloth.
3.
And this part of the Invention also relates to the arrangement of the
jacquard for the purpose specified, and consists in arranging the jacquard in
two parts, one to operate the figuring warp, connected with the bottom. cloth,
and operating in manner similar to the ordinary jacquard, and the other to
operate the figuring warps connected with the upper cloth, and arranged in a
reversed manner, as herein-after fully described...
This part of the Invention also relates to the method of determining the
space between the two cloths to measure the length of pile; and consists in
the employment of two vibrating bars with a space between them for the
passage of the double fabrics, and equal to the intended thickness of the two
fabrics with the pile between them, the front faces of the said bars being
curved, so that the two fabrics as they are separated by the cutting of the
pile shall be carried one up and the other down, and thence around rollers to
the take-up rollers or beams.
:
And this part of the Invention also consists in combining with the two
curved bars above referred to a long vibrating knife or knives with the cutting
edge or edges in a line midway between the edges of the said bars, the whole
being so arranged as to vibrate freely at the beat of the latter, and,the shedding
of the warps. In the several Figures in Sheets XII., XIII, and XIV. of
the accompanying Drawings, a represents the frame of a loom with the
improvements adapted thereto, so much of the ordinary parts of the loom being
shewn as is necessary simply to explain the application of the improvement.
The ground warps b and cof the two cloths pass from beams d; d, in the usual
way, and the figuring warps e and pass from bobbins in the usual way.
The harness for operating the ground warps are not represented, as they form
no part of the Invention. All the warps after passing through the harness
and reed of the lathe g are united in a double fabric which passes
through a space between two bars i, i, so far apart as to determine the thick-
ness of the two fabrics with the pile between them: Opposite to the middle
of the space between the two bars, there is a long knife j, with its back fitted
to slide in agroove ina bark at the upper end of a frame 1, the sides of which
are hung on journals in at their sides near the lower end. The knife is longer

page_text: than the breadth of the fabric, and one end projects out at one side of the
frame and is there jointed to one end of a lever n, the other end of which
embraces an eccentric o on a shaft p, which receives motion from the lathe
shaft by means of level pinions r, r, so that the rotation of the eccentric
gives a vibratory motion to the knife, so as to cut the pile and thereby separate
the two fabrics. The two bars i, i, before mentioned are mounted in the
same frame with the knife, and have their front faces curved, so that as the
two fabrics are separated they are carried around the curved faces of the two
bars, one up and the other down, and around two rollers s,s, hung in the same
frame with the bars, and thence the two fabrics are carried to the two sets of
take-up rollers t, t, operated in the usual way, and mounted in the main frame
of the loom. The two cloths are kept apart to keep the warps that form the
pile distended by the oblique pull of the main part of warps, and by the
separation of the two fabrics as they pass around the curved faces of the bars
i, i. Instead of the single knife above specified, sometimes two knives are
used, oneabove the other and in contact, and both with serrated or sickle edges
like a fine saw, but brought to sharp edges that they may act in the manner
of shears. These two knives are to be mounted and operated each like the
single knife above described, but the two eccentrics, by which they are to be
operated, are mounted on opposite sides, so that the two knives shall move in
opposite directions. It was above stated that the bars and knife were mounted
'on the upper end of a frame which is free to vibrate on journals at its lower
end; this is to give the required play to the fabric at the time the lathe
beats up and to the opening of the shed. As the lathe beats up a stop (which
I prefer to make in the form of a set screw) attached to the lathe strikes
against the frame (to prevent the reed from striking the bars i, i,) and carries
it forward, and as the lathe moves back the frame is carried back by the action
of two eccentrics v, v, on a shaft w, deriving motion by bevel wheels x,x, from
the shaft that carries the eccentric of the vibrating knife. The figuring warps f
of the lower cloth pass through the mails (in the usual way) of a series of
cords y, that pass through the holes of a comber board z, below the jacquard,
each cord having a knot in it so that all of these cords can be lifted up together
by the upper movement of the comber board when opening the shed to
throw the ground or back pick. The ends of the comber board work in slides
a in the sides of the frame, and to each end of the said board is jointed a
connecting rod 1, which is in turn jointed to the end of a lever c¹, operated by
a cam d¹ on the cam shaft e¹. The cam is so shaped as to lift the comber
board just before the ground or back shoot is thrown, the cam shaft being so
geared as to make one revolution to three of the lathe shaft. From the comber

page_text: board the cords pass up and through the guide board, thence through the
trap board g',and thence to the permanent suspension board, 'to which they are
attached; as this trap board is operated in the same manner as the ordinary
jacquard, it is unnecessary to give a description of it.
'
The figuring warpse of the top cloth pass through the mails of a series of
cords ¹ that pass through holes in the comber board, but without knots, so
that they are simply guided and not lifted by this board. They then pass
through the holes of a guide board i¹, thence through the trap board j¹ up to
and attached to a moveable suspension board k¹, connected by connecting rods
11, 71, with arms m¹, m³, on a rock shaft n¹, which is provided with other arms
o', o', connected with the trap board first described; so that as this trap board
that governs the figuring warps of the bottom cloth ascends, this suspension
board descends, and vice versa. The rocking shaft n' is operated by a con-
necting rod o jointed to the end of a lever p¹, operated by a cam g' on the
cam shaft.
The trap board j' is connected by rods 1, 1, with the arms 81, 81, of a
rocking shaft t¹, which is operated by a connecting rod u¹, jointed to one of
the levers that operate the comber board, and as the rod u¹ is connected with
an arm v¹ of the rocking shaft opposite to the arms connected with the trap
board j, it follows that the comber board that acts on the figuring warps of
the bottom cloth will ascend as the trap board that governs the warps of the
top cloth descends, and vice versa.
The cams are so formed that the moveable suspension board that carries
the cords connected with the top cloth begins to descend before the trap board,
that the cords selected by the cards may be trapped before this board begins
to descend, and as soon as the trapping has been effected the two descend
together to the middle line, so that all the figuring warps may be carried
sufficiently down to open the shed preparatory to the throwing of the ground
or backshot of the top cloth.
Whilst these movements have taken place in relation to the warps of the
top cloth, the other part of the jacquard has been operating on the warp's
connected with the bottom cloth, which will be now described. The trap
board begins to ascend to trap the cords before the comber board moves to
insure the trapping, and then the trap board and comber board ascend
together to carry all the figuring warps of the bottom cloth to the middle line
preparatory to throwing the ground or backshot of the bottom cloth.
Both sets of warps being in that condition, as shewn in Figure 2, the two
ground or backshots are thrown. The suspension board then completes-its

page_text: same
down motion to carry down that part of the top figuring warps which have
been selected for the figure, so that they may be tied into the bottom cloth
at the
time the trap board ascends to make the upper part of the shed
of the upper ply, so that the warps not required for the figure may be woven
into the body of the upper cloth. At the same time the trap board that
governs the warp of the lower cloth has completed its up motion to carry
from the lower warp the threads that have been selected for the figure, so
that they may be tied into the upper cloth at the same time that the comber
board has descended to make the lower part of the,shed of the lower ply, that
the bottom warps not wanted for the figure may be woven into the body of
the bottom cloth, and as the warps are in this condition, as shewn in Figure 4,
the two shots are then thrown, that is, one tie shot for each cloth. After the
two tie shots have been thrown, the suspension board is lifted to carry back
from the bottom. to the top the figuring warps of the top cloth, and the trap
board that governs the lower warp is depressed to carry back the figuring
warps that were tied in the upper cloth. In this way the warps selected for
the figure are crossed and carried back to their respective cloths, as shewn in
Figure 3; the second tie shot is thrown in each cloth, and then the apparatus
is ready to commence a new operation.
.
The needles for operating the knot cords are placed midway between the
two trap boards, and as they are of the usual construction and mounted in the
usual way, as also the card prism, it is not deemed necessary to give a
description of any of these parts, except to say that one-half of the needles are
connected with the cords of one part of the jacquard, and the other half with
the remaining cords.
:
. I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise construction
and arrangement of, parts herein specified, as these may be greatly varied
within the range of the principles of the present Invention; nor do I intend
to limit myself to the use and application of the ordinary jacquard apparatus,
in which perforated cards are used, as any of the plans recently invented for
dispensing with the use of cards and employing perforated paper or metallic
sheets, may be used in conjunction with the present improvements.
What I claim as new in this part of the present Invention, and desire to
secure by Letters Patent, is, combining with the power-loom for weaving cut-
pile fabrics double, substantially as described, a jacquard or other suitable
apparatus for producing the figures on such fabrics as described.
I also claim in the weaving of cut-pile fabrics double with figures produced
by the jacquard or other equivalent apparatus, dividing the figuring warps so

page_text: that one half (or nearly so) of the figuring warps shall be in connection with
each of the cloths or fabrics, substantially in the manner and for the
specified.
purpose
I also claim for the weaving of cut-pile fabrics double, as described, the
double and reversed arrangementofthe jacquard or other equivalent apparatus,
as described.
.
I also claim in the weaving of fabrics of the kind herein described, passing
the double fabric between two vibrating bars, having curved faces, to determine
the length of pile between the two cloths in combination with the two rollers
or their equivalents, over and under which, the fabrics pass after they have
been separated, substantially as described; and this I also claim in combination
with a vibrating knife or knives for cutting the pile to separate the two
fabrics, as described.
The last part of the present improvements also relates to looms for weaving
cut-pile fabrics double, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact
description, reference being had to Sheet XV. of the accompanying Drawings,
making part of this description, in which Fig. 1 is a plan of the improvement,
with so much of the loom as is necessary to shew the application of the
improvement; Fig. 2 is a back elevation; Fig. 3, a side, elevation; and
Fig. 4, a longitudinal vertical section.
The same letters indicate like parts in all the Figures.
The kind of fabrics to be produced in the improved loom is wrought double,
that is, two cloths one above the other, and the pile or figuring warps are
alternately wrought or woven, first in one and then in the other cloth, the two
cloths being kept at the required distance apart by intersecting bars or plates,
which determine the length of pile for the two fabrics, which is afterwards cut
to separate them.
In the power-loom as heretofore essayed for the weaving of this kind of
fabric, the interposed bars or plates which separate the two fabrics, and which
pass between the dents of the reed, were made stationary or immoveable, the
pile being cut by means of a knife which vibrates in slots. near the frontend of
the said bars or plates. This fixed position of the bars or plates is a serious
objection, as it prevents the proper vibratory motion of the cloth at the time
of the beat of the lathe and the shedding of the warps.
:
With a view to avoid this difficulty, this part of the Invention consists in so
connecting these intersecting bars or plates with the loom, that they shall be
free to vibrate to the beat of the lathe and to the shedding of the warps.
This part of the Invention also consists in the employment of a stop or stops

page_text: to arrest the motion of the said bars or plates at a given point, so that the
reed; in beating up the cloth; shall cause the woven cloth to advance on
them.
In the several Figures in Sheet XV of the accompanying Drawings, the
improvements are represented in connection with the frame and lathe only of
aloom, as the other working parts aro not required for a proper understanding
of the present improvements. In these Drawings a represents a loom framo,
and the lathe with its reed c... These parts may be of the usual or any
appropriate construction.
There are a series of flat bars or plates e, that pass between the dents of the
reed. Their breadth should be equal to the intended distance between the
'ground cloths of the two fabrics, so as to determine the length of pile. They
should be made as thin as practicable, with due regard to strength. At their
forward end they are all connected together by a rod f, which passes through a
löle in each, washers g of the required thickness being interposed between
them to keep them at the required distance apart. These bars or plates back
of the lathe are T-formed, and connected in the same manner as the front end
by means of two rods h, h', with interposed washers. And the ends of these
rods,, are connected by jointed pendulous links with studs i, i, i¹, i¹,
projecting inwards from the flame, so that by this mode of connection the
series of bars or plates thus connected together will be free to vibrate back
and forth, their front end being made to rest or slide on the upper face of two
'studs j, j, which are formed with shoulders k, l, or stops to determine the
*extent of the forward motion and thus stop them at the required point, so that
the continued beat of the lathe shall cause the woven cloth to be moved
-forward over them to the required distance. Near the front end there is
a slot made in each bar or plate to receive the knife or cutter m, which cuts
the pile to complete the two fabrics. As the mode of locating and operating
this knife makes no part of the present Invention, it is deemed unnecessary to
give a description of it.
I do not wish to limit myself to the particular mode of connecting the sories
of bars or plates to admit of the required vibration, as other modes of
connecting them may be employed, as, for instance, instead of hanging them at
the back of the lathe by pendulous jointed links, the rods by which they are
'connected may be adapted to work in slides, but I have described and
represented the mode which has been tried with success and is deemed the
best.
What I claim as new in this part of the Invention, and desire to secure by