IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Morgan and George Henry Morgan,
of Edgware Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES."
Scaled the 3rd November 1868, and dated the 4th May 1868...
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Morgan and
George Henry Morgan at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th May 1868.
We, EDWARD MORGAN and GEORGE HENRY MORGAN, of Edgware
Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in carriages, and
relates to a novel combination and arrangement of parts of the heads
of carriages having folding heads applied thereto, and to means or
apparatus for operating such parts. For this purpose we dispense
with the slats and intermediate hoop sticks ordinarily employed, and
employ only those hoop sticks which are situated at the angles of
the carriage head, as described in the Specification of Letters Patcub.

page_text: The
granted to G. H. Morgan, dated March 6th, 1867, No. 622.
front light we also form in a somewhat similar manner to that described
in the before-mentioned Specification, but we employ a framing
constructed and operated in the following manner to facilitate the use
of that description of side lights which when not not in use are received
into recesses formed for them in the carriage doors. The top framing
of the carriage head over such side lights we form in three parts, one
of which is rigid with the "door head pillar" but is hinged. at the
top to the second part of such top framing. This second part is
hinged at a short distance from the joint and a little below the top
thereof to the third part which is hinged to the top half of the front
light, and we give motion to such parts to raise and lower them in
the following manner:-We employ bell-crank levers operated by
means of a screw in a similar manner to that described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to us, dated January 28th,
1862, No. 223, and we connect such bell-crank levers by links to
levers mounted upon centres of motion attached to the "standing
pillars," such last-mentioned levers being by links and pin joints
connected at one part to levers fixed on the joints or axes of motion
of the "door head pillars" and at another part pin jointed to links
or connecting rods which at their further ends are pin-jointed to the
bottom part of the "front light pillars." Thus when the side lights
are dropped into their recesses in the doors, and the bell-crank levers
are caused to turn on their axes of motion, the parts of the front light
are folded so as to stand in position at or nearly at right angles to
each other, and the top framing of the carriage head is also at the
same time folded so as to stand at about the same angles and lie within
the parts of the front light whilst the "head pillars" are turned down
so as to lie in or nearly in a horizontal position.
In order to facilitate the action of the parts when the head of a
carriage is being lowered we connect a cord or band at one end to a
pin, stud, or eye fixed to the front part of the top framing, and after
passing round a stud, pin, or pulley or through an eye on one part of
the "front light pillar," is connected by a stud, eye, or pin to the
"elbow" or to other suitable part of the carriage.
We would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the precise details herein described, as such may be varied without
departing from the nature of our Invention, as, for instance, the top

page_text: framing may if desired be formed in only two parts, and the apparatus
for giving motion to the various parts may be also varied from that
herein described, whilst the Invention may be applied to either or both
halves of the head of a landau or other similar carriage, and by slight
modifications as will be readily understood may be applied to
waggonettes or other similar carriages having folding heads applied
thereto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Morgan and George Henry Morgan in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
MORGAN and GEORGE HENRY MORGAN, of Edgware Road, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Edward Morgan and George Henry
Morgan, Her special licence that we, the said Edward Morgan and
George Henry Morgan, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Edward Morgan and George Henry Morgan,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Edward Morgan and George Henry Morgan, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Morgan and George
Henry Morgan, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say :-
The Invention has for its object improvements in carriages, and
relates to a novel combination and arrangement of parts of the heads
of carriages having folding heads applied thereto and to means or
apparatus for operating such parts. For this purpose we dispense
with the slats and intermediate hoop sticks ordinarily employed, and
employ only those hoop sticks which are situated at the angles of
the carriage head as described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to George Henry. Morgan, dated March 6th, 1867, No. 622.
The front light we also form in a somewhat similar manner to
that described in the before-mentioned Specification, but we employ a
framing constructed and operated in the following manner to facilitate
the use of that description of side lights which when not in use are
received into recesses formed for them in the carriage doors, the top
framing of the carriage head over such side lights we form in three
parts, one of which is rigid with the "door head pillar" but is hinged
at the top to the second part of such top framing. This second part
is hinged at a short distance from the joint and a little below the
top thereof to the third part which is hinged to the top half of the
front light, and we give motion to such parts to raise and lower them
in the following manner:-We employ bell-crank levers operated by
means of a screw in a similar manner to that described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to us, dated January 28th, 1862,
No. 223, and we connect such bell-crank levers by links to levers
.mounted upon centres of motion attached to the "standing pillars
such last-mentioned levers being by links and pin joints connected at
one part to levers fixed on the joints or axes of motion of the "door
head pillars" and at another part pin-jointed to links or connecting
rods which at their further ends are pin-jointed to the bottom part
of the "front light pillars." Thus when the side lights are dropped
into their recesses in the doors and the bell-crank levers are caused
to turn on their axes of motion, the parts of the front light are
folded so as to stand in position at or nearly at right angles to each
other, and the top framing of the carriage head is also at the same
"

page_text: of a landau facility is afforded for the employment of side lights g,
which when in use are supported in suitable guides or grooves formed in
the parts c, c, and c, and in the "elbow rail", and when it is desired
to lower the head of the landau or other carriage the lights g are slidden
along their guides or grooves and received into a suitable recess formed
for them in the carriage doors, as is usual in some descriptions of
carriages.
If desired the parts before described may be operated by hand, or as
shewn in the Drawings suitable mechanical means as hereafter described
may be employed. i is a bell-crank lever of the character described in
our former Patent before referred to, motion being communicated thereto
to raise and lower the head of the carriage by means of a screw j and
parts connected therewith as heretofore, or by other suitable means.
The upper end of the bell-crank lever i is according to our present
Invention connected by a link or lever k to a lever 1, which works upon
a fixed centre at land is connected by a pin joint at its lower end to a
link m, the upper end of which at m¹ is pin-jointed to a lever m³, which
is mounted on a square pin or stud carried by and rigidly fixed to the
door head pillar a. The outer end of the link or lever k is pin-jointed
to one end of a link n, the other end of which is pin-jointed at n¹ to the
lower half d² of the front light. And in order to facilitate the folding of
the parts when it is desired to lower the head of the carriage we employ
a cord or band o which is fixed at its upper end to a pin, stud, or eye p
carried by the part c, and after passing through an eye q or around a
stud, pin, or pulley on one part of the front light is fixed at its lower end
by a stud, eye, or pin to the "elbow" or other suitable part of the
carriage. Thus when it is desired to lower the head of a carriage and
motion is given by the various links and levers before described or by
other suitable means the parts of the carriage head are folded upon each
other until they assume the position shewn at Figure 2.
It will be readily understood that similar parts are applied on each
side of the carriage, and we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise details herein described, as such may
be varied without departing from the nature of our Invention, as for
instance the top framing may if desired be formed in only two parts and
the apparatus for giving motion to the various parts may be also varied
from that herein described, whilst the Invention may be applied to
either or both halves of the head of a landau or other similar carriage,

page_text: and by slight modifications, as will be readily understood, may be
applied to waggonettes or other similar carriages having folding heads
applied thereto.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Morgan and George
Henry Morgan, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
EDWARD MORGAN.
(L.S.)
GEORGE HENRY MORGAN. (L.S.)