IMPROVEMENTS IN LAND ROLLERS OR CLOD CRUSHERS
Year: 1853

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LETTERS PATENT to John Patterson, of Beverley, in the County of
York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAND
ROLLERS OR CLOD CRUSHERS."
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Sealed the 16th June 1854, in pursuance, of an Order of the Lord
Chancellor, and dated the 30th November 1853...
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1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Patterson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th November 1853.
.1.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for." IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAND ROLLERS OR CLOD CRUSHERS "to bé as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar. construction of land rollers or
clod crushers, whereby they are made self-cleaning, and. consists in the
employment of cranked axles, or an axle composed of a series of cams
or eccentrics bolted together; set diametrically opposite each other, or
át any other angle found most. desirable. These.cranks or eccentrics

page_text: form, each of them, the fixed centre, round which each separate disc
of the roller is composed. Thus, when in action, the several discs will
be constantly changing their positions in relation to each other, thereby
constituting an efficient self-cleaning clod crusher or land roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
and of the above Order, filed by the said John Patterson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN PATTERSON, of Beverley, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said John Patterson, Her special
license that I, the said John Patterson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Patterson, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAND ROLLERS OR CLOD CRUSHERS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Patterson, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Patterson do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained

page_text: in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction of land rollers or
clod crushers, and consists in the employment of cranked axles or an
axle composed of a series of cams or eccentrics bolted together, such
cams or eccentrics being set diametrically opposite each other upon the
shaft or at any other angle found most desirable. These cranks or
eccentrics form, each of them, the fixed centre round which each
separate disc of the roller revolves, so that when in action the several
discs will be constantly changing their positions in relation to each
other; the discs or rolling parts being alternately before and behind
each other, by which arrangement each disc or rolling part effectually
cleans its neighbour from any soil clinging to it, and a pulverising or
grinding action is exercised upon the soil between the points of contact
of the discs with the ground. It is obvious that although only two
lines of contact with the ground are shewn in the Drawings, yet similar
arrangements may be adopted, if thought desirable, by which the
peripheries of the rolling parts may come into contact at more than two
lines.
Figure 1, on my Sheet of Drawings, represents a front elevation of
a roller constructed according to one modification of my Invention ;
Figure 2, is a corresponding side elevation of the same; Figure 3, is
a corresponding plan of one half of the roller, shewing one of the shafts
only; Figures 4, 5, and 6, are separate details of the same; Figure 7,
is a plan of a cranked axle which may be substituted for the eccentrics;
and Figure 8, a side view of one of the discs for the same, shewing
the mode of bolting together the two halves to enable it to be fitted ou
to the crank.
The roller itself is composed of a series of discs A, of equal diameters
revolving independently of each other on the fixed eccentrics B. These
eccentrics are placed on the carrier shaft C, as shewn in detail at
Figure 4, and are screwed up tightly together by the nut D, on one
end of the carrier shaft, the other end having a head E, formed thereon
to bolt up to; F, F, are end washers to keep the eccentrics in their

page_text: places. These eccentrics may be cast double, as shewn in the detail
section, Figure 5, and side view, Figure 6, or they may be made sepa
rately, two of them being placed side by side to form the fixed, centre
round which the discs revolve. A projecting stud is cast on one
éccentric which fits into a corresponding hole in the next one, and so on
throughout the series; by this means the whole are securely and firmly
held together, without any tendency to become deranged The
eccentrics are so arranged on the shaft C that their centres shall be in
the same horizontal plane, or equidistant from the ground line; but
this is not absolutely necessary, inasmuch as the dises may be formed
of slightly different diameters, in which case the centres of the eccentrics
will not be in the same horizontal line? It will be seen on reference
to the Drawings that there are two lines of contact, a and b, between
the roller and the ground, each alternate disc being set back or forward
with relation to its neighbour, as is clearly shewn in the plan, Figure 3.
By this arrangement an effectual self-cleaning action will be obtained,
as each disc will be constantly rubbing or grinding over the sides of its
neighbour. I obtain also 'an "efficient pulvérising or grinding action
between the adjacent discs where they come; in contact with the soil.
In place of using eccentrics for the purpose herein-before described, a
cranked axle, as shewn in-plan at Figure 7, may be employed, each
disc being made to rotate on a separate crank. The cranks are
arranged similar to the eccentrics as regards their position, and the
crushing discs formed in two halves and bolted together over each
crank.
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. I may here state that I am aware land'rollers or clod crushers have
previously been constructed with a view to be self-cleaning, but such
rollers have been composed of discs or rolling parts of different
diameters placed side by side in one line, so that the peripheries of the
discs or rolling parts all act upon the ground in one straight line, and
thus, although the peripheries of the small discs are constantly between
the large discs, the latter exert a cleaning influence upon the former.
Yet this cleaning action is of an imperfect nature, as the peripheries of
the small discs can never cross the peripheries of the large discs, whilst
the peculiar pulverising action obtained by my Invention in which the

page_text: discs are alternately placed before and behind each other, is not in any
degree attained.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not
confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which
I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom, without deviating from the principles or main features
of my said Invention, but what I consider to be novel and original,.
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
The system or mode of constructing land rollers or clod crushers, in
which by the employment of a cranked axle, or an axle with a series of
cams or eccentrics upon it, the several discs or rolling parts are caused
to come into contact with the ground at different lines, as at a and b,
in the Drawings, where two lines of contact only are shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Patterson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
JOHN PATTERSON. (L.S.)