A NEW SYSTEM OF BOILING GRAIN SUGAR IN VACUO
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Lebaudy, of the Firm Lebaudy, Brothers,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, Sugar Refiner, for the Invention of
"A NEW SYSTEM OF BOILING GRAIN SUGAR IN VACUO."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Lebaudy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1865.
I, JULES LEBAUDY, of the Firm Lebaudy, Brothers, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, Sugar Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW SYSTEM OF BOILING GRAIN SUGAR IN VACUO," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in "A New Method of Boiling Grain Sugar in
Vacuo," involving a new process of purification, and a new mode of crystallizing
sugar.
In the systems at present employed the raw sugar is dissolved, clarified,
filtered, and finally reduced to the solid state by boiling in vacuo. In order
to obtain the formation of the grain during the process of boiling, a certain
quantity of syrup is introduced into the apparatus and condensed to a certain
degree, after which small fresh quantities of syrup are injected, in order to
produce crystallization (the size of the grain is so much larger, that the over-
charges are more multiplied, and the operation longer carried on than in my

page_text: system). The boiled mass is then poured off into vessels, from which it is
afterwards transferred to the centrifugal or other like apparatus, when
powdered sugar is to be made, and into funnels or other moulds when loaf
sugar is to be made.
Such means are expensive, and naturally increase the price of the product
to be supplied to the consumers, so much so that a certain class make use of
the raw sugar directly as it is. imported to Europe from the colonies, and even
the beetroot sugar, notwithstanding the yellow or brown color which they
both have, and the impurities that such a taint produces, not mentioning the
unpleasant taste which particularly characterizes the European sugar.
The following is my system of boiling in vacuo, by which meaus I overcome
the above-named difficulties and objections:-After having poured into the
apparatus a certain quantity of syrup, dissolved and clarified by the usual
process, and when sufficiently condensed, I introduce a quantity of grain sugar
(such as is produced from the cane and beetroot manufactures by the ordinary
refining process) varying in proportion to the quantity of the syrup, the grain
sugar introduced therein, and the quality of the sugar desired to be produced.
The introduction of the syrup is naturally and easily performed by the action
of the vacuum, no matter by what mechanical means produced, and may be
accomplished at once, or by successive charges. The dissemination of the
grains of sugar is immediately effected by hard boiling, and may be also
facilitated and accelerated by some peculiar disposition of the orifice of intro-
duction. The grains being thoroughly separated are in the first place washed
and purified, and consequently lose their dark color, then by means of
successive overcharges of syrup, as practised in the ordinary process, they
become bigger by being covered with fresh coats of crystallization, while at
the same time the syrup in a crystallized form adheres to the grains, thus
forming a homogeneous mass. The impurities which primitively gave to the
sugar an unpleasant appearance, and in the case of the beetroot sugar a bad
taste, become neutralized when submitted to the centrifugal apparatus, or
stilled in the funnels. The grain sugar may be bleached by means of the
centrifugal or other apparatus previous to its being crystallized, but such a
precaution is not always necessary. The system as herein described thus
admits of the direct refining of most of the raw sugars, cane, or beetroot,
converting the same into a product ready for consumption, by removing the
disagreeable taste and color therefrom.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jules Lebaudy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULES
LEBAUDY, of the Firm of Lebaudy, Brothers, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Sugar Refiner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Jules Lebaudy, Her special licence that I, the said Jules
Lebauby, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Jules Lebaudy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW
SYSTEM OF BOILING GRAIN SUGAR IN VACUO," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Jules Lebaudy, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jules Lebaudy, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in a new method of boiling grain sugar in vacuo,
involving a new process of purification, and a new mode of crystallization.
In the systems at present employed the raw sugar is dissolved, clarified,
filtered, and finally reduced to the solid state by boiling in vacuo. In order
to obtain the formation of the grain during the process of boiling a certain
quantity of syrup is introduced into the apparatus, and condensed up to a
definit density, after which small fresh quantities of syrup are injected, in
order to produce crystallization. The longer the operation is carried on, and
the moro the overcharges are multiplied, the larger is the size of crystal or
grain produced. The boiled mass is then run off into vessels, from which it

page_text: is subsequently transferred to the centrifugal or other similar apparatus when
powdered sugar is to be made, and into funnels or other moulds when loaf
sugar is to be made.
Such means are expensive, and naturally increase the price of the product
to be supplied to the consumers, so much so that a certain class of consumers
make use of the raw sugar directly as it is imported into Europe from the
colonies, and even the beetroot sugar, notwithstanding the yellow or brown
color which they both have, and the impurities that such a taint denotes, to
say nothing of the unpleasant taste which particularly characterizes the
European sugar.
The following is my system of boiling in vacuo, by which means I over-
come the above-mentioned difficulties and objections:-After having run into
the apparatus a certain quantity of syrup, dissolved and clarified by the usual
process, and when sufficiently condensed, I introduce into the usual apparatus
employed for that purpose a quantity of grain sugar, such as is produced from
the cane and beetroot manufactures, or from the refineries, varying the pro-
portion according to the quality of the syrup, that of the grain sugar
introduced
therein, and the quality of the sugar desired to be produced. The introduction
of the grain sugar is naturally and easily performed by the action of the
vacuum, no matter by what mechanical means produced, and may be ac-
complished at once, or by successive charges. The dissemination of the grains
of sugar is immediately effected by hard boiling, and may be also facilitated
and accelerated by some peculiar disposition of the orifice of introduction.
The grains being thoroughly separated, are in the first place washed and
purified, and consequently bleached, subsequently by means of successive
overcharges of syrup, as practised in the ordinary process, they become bigger
by being covered with fresh coats of crystallization, while at the same time
they provocate in the syrup the formation of fresh crystals, which adhere to
them in such a manner as to produce a homogeneous mass. The impurities
which primitively gave to the sugar an unpleasant appearance, and in the case
of the beetroot sugar a bad taste, are carried away in the water when sub-
mitted to the centrifugal apparatus, or stilled in the funnels. The sugar
before being introduced into the apparatus may be bleached by the centrifugal
or other process, but it is not absolutely necessary. My method, as herein-
before described, thus admits of the direct refining of most of the raw sugars,
cane, or beetroot, converting the same into a product ready for immediate
consumption, by removing the impurities and bad taste therefrom.
The crystals by my process can be enlarged almost without limit, either by
conducting the operation slowly, or causing the same crystals to undergo

page_text: several operations, by being alternately pressed in the centrifugal apparatus,
and re-introduced into the boiling apparatus over and over again. A con-
siderable economy is effected by my process, from the rapidity with which it
can be carried on, and reduces the expense of steam, as well as the number
and the capacity of the apparatus.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is, the introduction of powder, grain, raw, or refined sugar
into the boiling apparatus in vacuo, comprising in the first place a new
process of refining, and in the second the means of producing crystallization
more rapidly, stronger, and always homogeneous.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Lebaudy, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JULES LEBAUDY. (L.S.)