IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO TURKISH BATHS.
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Watkin Jones, of Glenbrook Baths and
Hotel, in the County of Cork, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEATING AND VENTILATING, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO TURKISH BATHS.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Watkin Jones at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1861.
I, ROBERT WATKIN JONES, of Glenbrook Baths and Hotel, in the County of
Cork, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEATING AND VENTILATING, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO TURKISH BATHS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of heating baths, especially Turkish baths,
by a combination of hot air and vapour, and also applicable for ventilating the
same.
By my Invention I propose by flues, passages, or air chambers peculiarly
constructed and arranged between the heated floor immediately over the
heating flues and under the upper floor of the sudatorium and tepidarium, to
prevent accidents by burning, to which people are very liable in the hot air
bath with horizontal flues constructed in the ordinary way.
The heating flues are connected with an ordinary furnace, over which are
placed two boilers, one a circulating boiler for heating water, the other a

page_text: steam boiler for generating steam or vapour, which is admitted into the hot
rooms of Turkish baths by a pipe which branches off into each room, and is
regulated or controlled by separate cocks, to which again are attached per-
forated pipes which can be arranged in such a manner that the general and
equal distribution of vapour is so completely under control that the vapour can
never become disagreeable or oppressive, nor condense on the body of the
bather.
The hot air flues, passages, or chambers constructed between the two floors
are also used to obtain an equal and even distribution of heat in every part of
the hot room or sudatorium, and also in the tepidarium, and maintaining the
required difference in the temperature of the two rooms, and further, for
lowering or increasing the temperature. For the admission of pure oxygenized
hot air for the purpose of ventilation, driving out impure air so that the same
air is not left in the room a minute, but is constantly changed, and which
obviates the necessity of chilling the bather by the introduction of cold air,
and it (the pure oxygenized hot air.) is also used for disposing of the vapour,
which is only allowed constantly to pass over the surface of the body of tho
bather to soften it and to assist perspiration, which (viz., the perspiration) to
the great danger of the bather, is forced in the dry hot air bath.
By the use of tiles of a peculiar make, which fit into each other where they s
join over the heating flues, the admission of gas, smoke, or any other injurious
or deleterious matter is impossible, and the air is thereby preserved pure. For
retaining heat fine sand is used.
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Watkin Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on s
the 24th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WATKIN JONES, of Glenbrook, Baths and Hotel, in the County of Cork, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters s
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto, me,
the said Robert Watkin Jones, Her special licence that I, the said Robert.
Watkin.Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, s
the said Robert Watkin Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO TURKISH
BATHS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Watkin
Jones, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Watkin Jones, do hereby declare.
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention relatos to a mode of heating baths, especially Turkish baths,
by a combination of hot air and vapour, and also applicable for ventilating the
same, whereby an abundant supply of fresh air is obtained, pure and soft, at
a well regulated and agreeable temperature, free from the unpleasantness of
an atmosphere overloaded with moisture, and also the danger of throbbing
temples, quickened pulse, and accelerated action of the heat, produced in the
dry parched air of a "hot air" or "Roman bath" at a high temperature.
By my Invention I propose by flues, passages, or air chambers peculiarly
constructed and arranged between the heated floor immediately over the
heating flues and under the upper floor of the sudatorium and tepidarium to
prevent accidents by burning, to which people are very liable in the hot air
bath with horizontal flues constructed and covered in the ordinary way.
The heating flues are connected with an ordinary furnace, over which are
placed two boilers, one a circulating boiler for heating water, the other a
steam boiler for generating steam or vapour, which is admitted into the hot
rooms of the Turkish baths by a pipe which branches off into each room, and
is regulated or controlled by separate cocks, to which again are attached per--
forated pipes, which can be arranged in such a manner that the general and
equal distribution of vapour is so completely under control that the vapour
can never become disagreeable or oppressive nor condense on the body of the
bather.
The hot air flues, passages, or chambers constructed between the two floors

page_text: are also used to obtain an equal and even distribution of heat in every part of
the hot room or sudatorium and also in the tepidarium, and maintaining the
required difference in the temperature of the two rooms, and further for
lowering or increasing the temperature, for the admission of pure oxygenized
hot air for the purpose of ventilation, driving out impure air so that the same
air is not left in the room a minute, but is constantly changed, and which
obviates the necessity of chilling the bather by the introduction of cold air;
and this pure oxygenized hot air is also used for disposing of the vapour,
which is only allowed to pass over the surface of the body of the bather, to
soften it and to assist perspiration, which (the perspiration) to the great
danger of the bather, is forced in the dry hot air bath.
By the use of tiles of a peculiar make which fit into each other where they.
join over the heating flues, the admission of gas, smoke, or any other injurious
or deleterious matter is impossible, and the air is thereby preserved pure.
For retaining heat fine sand is used.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to tho figures and letters on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed.
.
Fig. 1 represents the ground plan, and Figs. 2 and 3 vertical sections
of a Turkish bath, constructed, heated, and ventilated according to my
Invention.
E is the furnace; H, the heating flue, connected by damper I with the
sudatorium and tepidarium, and having traversed the floors under them passes
into the vertical chimney No. 1, but should the furnace be required to heat
water or generate steam, without increasing the temperature of the two hot
rooms, by closing damper I and opening damper K, the fire will pass through
flue J, and up the vertical chimney No. 2, or by closing damper K and
opening damper L, the fire, will pass into the heating flue II, and raise the
temperature, of the tepidarium, without increasing that of the sudatorium. The
flues are covered with fire tiles made with a round hollow rabbet (as shewn
at letter U), which fit into each other at the joint over the heating flues, and
so prevent the admission of carbonic acid gas, smoke, or any
other injurious or
deleterious matter.
יד
1.
The letters are the dampers, by which pure cold air is admitted into the
air flues P, which are constructed over the floor covering the heating flues H;"
the air flues P are covored with tiles or ton slate, over which again is placed
fine sand with a floor of ornamental mosaic tiles laid in cement.
I
The air admitted through dampers Q, and through separate sets of air

page_text: flues P, in its progress, cools the upper f
floors of the sudatorium and tepidarium
to prevent accidents by, burning, and regulates the temperature and diffuses the
heat equally over every part of the rooms, then passes into the air chambers K,
which are so constructed as to force the heated air into the bath, through
perforated tiles with increased pressure, by, which means the, moist, air, is
distributed equally over the entire room, out through the ventilators fixed
in the ceilings..
'
* f.
داد.
ul.
13
The vapour pipe N'is connected with the steam boiler F, and is continued
to the entrance of the hot rooms, and at O is branched off to the right and left,
having a cock fixed in each branch which regulates the amount of vapour
admitted into each hot room through perforated pipes so arranged that the
vapour
is distributed and driven through the ventilators by the oxygenized hot.
air forced through the perforated tiles in chambers R. G is a circulating
boiler connected with the cisterns by pipes S, S, as shewn, in vertical section,
Fig. 2. V is a feed cistern to supply steam boiler F. The outer wall T, for the
more effectual prevention of loss of heat, is made of two separate walls, each
nine inches thick, with a space of three inches between them, filled with
sawdust and connected with brick ties laid in cement. This plan renders
unnecessary the dangerous practice of lining the walls with lath and cement or
plaster and thereby makes the bath nearly fire-proof. Waste of heat through
the ceiling can be prevented by covering the top with sawdust.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature and object
of my Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details herein set forth; but what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First the general principle of construction, arrangement, and combination
of hot air and vapour for warming and moistening the atmosphere, and venti-
lating the Turkish bath, as herein-before described.
Second, the principle and construction of the air flues P, which are used
first, for cooling the upper floors of the hot rooms to prevent accidents by
burning, regulate the temperature, distribute the vapour, disposing of it for
securing a constant supply of pure oxygenized hot air, and general purposes of
ventilation, as herein-before described.
Third, the mode of covering the heating flues H with the rabbetted fire
tiles U, which renders the admission of carbonic acid gas or other deleterious
matter impossible, as herein-before described.

page_text: Fourth, the construction of the outer and inner walls, as herein-before
described, for the purpose of economizing heat without danger of fire.
Fifth, the use of two vertical flues, connecting flues H and J with the
furnace E, and with each other, by which, with the aid of air flues P, the
temperature of the hot rooms can bo regulated to a nicety, even though
furnace E is required to be constantly worked.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Watkin Jones, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
PORT W JONES