An Improved Bolt or Nail.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Aug., 1890-Accepted, 4th Oct., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Bolt or Nail.
I, PAUL ADRIAN HUET of the Hague, Holland, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention has reference to and comprises a new and improved bolt or nail in
combination with. appliances for securing the same to articles of wood, or to other
objects and is especially designed for fastening rails to transverse or longitudinal
bearings.
My improved bolt will offer more resistance against being loosened or drawn out,
and will hold firmer than the appliances heretofore in use for this purpose such as
hook-bolts, screw-bolts, etc.
In order that my said invention and the manner of carrying the same into effect
may be properly understood, I have made an explanatory drawing in which the same
reference letters are used to indicate corresponding parts throughout.
Fig. 1 shews the bolt with the wedge-shaped appendage c, before it is driven into
the wood.
Fig. 2 is the bolt with the wedge c, after it is driven in.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sections on line k-p of Fig. 1.
Figs. 5 and 6 are elevations shewing a modification of the construction of the bolt,
Fig. before, and Fig. 6 after, it is driven in. Figs. 7 to 10 shew a second modifica-
tion of the bolt with screw and nut.
Fig. 7 is an elevation, Figs. 8 and 9 are partial longitudinal sections, and Fig. 10
is a horizontal section on line -p of Figs. 7 and 8.
Fig. 11 is an elevation shewing a second modification of the bolt with a head f,
instead of screw and nut.
Fig. 12 is a horizontal section on line k-p of Fig. 11, and
Fig. 13 is a section on lines of Fig. 11.
Referring in detail to the drawings it will be seen that the new and improved bolt a,
Figs. 1 and 2, which may have a section and a head of any preferred form, is at its
lower end provided with one or more slits d, as shewn in Figs. 3 and 4; so that two
or more shanks b, are formed, which have a somewhat pointed shape. The slits are*
bored out a little in the centre e, and in this space is placed a wedge c, of conical or
other form. This piece c, is placed in the hole bored in the timber before or at the
same time as the bolt a.
The conical or wedge-shaped piece c, bears
projection t, to guide it easily into the bolt a.
base.
at the upper end a small cylindrical
The wedge c, is flat at its lower end or
.
When the bolt a, is driven in, the wedge c, cannot sink down deeper than the hole
on account of its flat base, so that the shanks b, are forced apart and they therefore
enter the wood in an oblique direction as shewn in Figs. 2 and 6.
Bolts which are driven in this manner in timber have a much greater hold than
ordinary hook bolts, because the shanks cannot return to their original straight shape,
unless great force is used, owing to the wedge c, pressing them apart.
The slit bolt shewn in Figs. 5 and 6 has a somewhat more complicated form. The
conical or wedge-shaped piece c, is screwed in the hollow cylinder d', which embraces
the bolt a.
This cylinder is provided with as many openings g, as there are shanks b,
and corresponds with them. When the bolt is driven in, the shanks b, are directed
through these openings g, and are pressed in the wood with greater certainty in an
oblique direction, as shewn in Fig. 6.
Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 11 shew a second modification of the bolt, especially for screw
bolts, but also applicable in other cases.

page_text: This bolt a is of round section and swells out at the lower end into the cone h, and
may have at the upper end a screw and nut as in Figs. 7 to 9. The hollow cylinder d
which embraces the bolt is provided with one or more slits i, Figs. 7, 10, so that it
bears two or more shanks b, which have pointed ends Figs. 7-11. The bolt a¹ is
placed in the hole and then the hollow cylinder d' is forced over-it-and driven in by a
hollow drift so that the shanks b, are bent one from the other and pressed in an oblique
direction in the wood. (Figs. 9 and 10.)
The bolt a may be also formed with a head f, of any preferred form, as shewn in
Fig. 11. instead of the screw and nut. In this case a strip m (Figs. 12 and 13) is cut
out of the whole length of the hollow cylinder d', so that it can pass over the head of
the bolt. Instead of the hollow cylinder with split shanks, loose nails may be
employed, and these nails driven in round about the bolt a¹.
With this construction of the bolt, drawing out or getting loose is quite impossible,
because the more the bolt is drawn, the more the piece is pressed against the
shanks b.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is
(1) The construction or arrangement of the parts of a bolt or nail provided at the
lower end with one or more slits, so that two or more shanks are formed, and with or
without a head at the upper end, in combination with a conical or wedge shaped piece,
to cause the spreading of the shanks when the bolt is driven in, substantially as herein
described and set forth.
.
(2) The construction or arrangement of the parts of a bolt or nail which is provided
at the lower end with one or more slits, so that two or more shanks are formed, and
with or without a head at the upper end, in combination with a hollow cylinder with
holes to receive the shanks, and into which is screwed a conical or wedge-shaped piece
to cause the spreading of the shanks when the bolt is driven in, substantially as herein
described and set forth.
(3) The construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of a bolt or nail
which bears at its upper end a screw and nut or a head of any preferred form, and at
its lower part a wedge-shaped or conical piece in combination with a hollow cylinder,
which is provided at its lower part with one or more slits so that two or more shanks
are formed, which are bent in an oblique direction in the wood by the conical swell
when the cylinder is driven in around the bolt, substantially as herein described and
set forth."
(4) The construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of a bolt or nail
which is provided at the upper end with a head of any preferred form, and at the
lower end with a conical swell, in combination with two or more loose nails which are
pressed in an oblique direction in the wood when driven in round about the bolt
substantially as herein described and set forth.
Dated this 2nd day of August 1890.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, London, E.C., Patent Agent.