IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COVERING WIRE WITH INDIA-RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA; AND SIMILAR GUNS AND COMPOUNDS THEREOF, AND FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES. AND OTHER ARTICLES OF SUCH GUMS AND COMPOUNDS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hiram Hutchinson, of Paris, Rue Notre Dame
des Victoires, No. 26, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR COVERING WIRE WITH INDIA-RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA;
AND SIMILAR GUNS AND COMPOUNDS THEREOF, AND FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES.
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF SUCH GUMS AND COMPOUNDS." -A communication
from Mr. Thomas Sault, residing at Seymour, State of Connecticut;
U: S. Americă.
ealed the 5th December 1862, and dated the 27th September 1862:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hiram Hutchinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th September 1862:
İ, HIRAM HUTCHINSON, of Paris, Rue Notre Dame des Victoires; No. 26;
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR COVERING WIRE WITH INDIA-RUBBER AND GUTTA PERCHA AND
SIMILAR GUMS AND COMPOUNDS THEREOF; AND FOR MANUFACTURING TUBES AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF SUCH GUMS AND COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
The main object of these improvements is to effect the covering of wire of
any length with india-rubber and gutta percha, and their allied gums or
compounds thereof; and the manufacture of tubing of any length of such gums.
or compounds by an uninterrupted operation.

page_text: The principal portion of the machinery to which the improvements relate
consists of a screw working in the bore of a cylinder into which the gum is
fed, and from which it is forced by the screw through or into a die of the
necessary size and form to produce the exterior of the covering tube or other
article to be produced. For the covering of wire or the manufacture of tubing
the screw is made hollow for the reception of a stationary tubular mandril,
through which the wire to be covered passes, or to which is fitted a core
upon which the interior of the tubing is formed, and it is in the combination
of a mandril or mandril and core with the screw so applied to the cylinder and
die that one part of the Invention consists. The cylinder is constructed with
a gullet or enlargement of the bore partly surrounding the screw, and having
an aperture or mouth at the exterior thereof for the purpose of allowing the
cylinder and screw to be supplied with gum without stopping the operation of
the screw, it being necessary only to introduce the gum at the aperture, and
it is then drawn in by the screw, thereby enabling the machine to operate
continuously in making a tube or covering a wire of any length, or in fitting
a mould of any size; this also constitutes part of the Invention. When
covering wire, the wire to be covered is drawn forward with the gum by the
movement of the gum itself produced by the action of the screw or forcing
apparatus employed, and a friction brake is employed to keep it at a proper
tension.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hiram Hutchinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HIRAM.
HUTCHINSON, of Paris, Rue Notre Dame des Victoires, No. 26, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of: September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Hiram Hutchinson, Her special license that I, the said Hiram
Hutchinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Hiram Hutchinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

page_text: Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COVERING WIRE WITH INDIA-RUBBER AND GUTTA
PERCHA AND SIMILAR GUNS AND COMPOUNDS THEREOF, AND FOR MANUFACTURING
TUBES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF SUCH GUMS AND COMPOUNDS," communicated to me
from abroad by Mr. Thomas Sault, resident at Seymour, State of Connecticut,
U. S., America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Hiram
Hutchinson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hiram Hutchinson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The main object of these improvements is to effect the covering of wire of
any length with india-rubber and gutta percha, and their allied gums or com-
pounds thereof, and the manufacture of tubing of any length of such gums or
compounds by an uninterrupted operation.
is
The principal portion of the machinery to which the improvements relate
consists of a screw working in the bore of a cylinder into which the gum
fed, from which it is forced by the screw through or into a die of the
necessary size and form to produce the exterior of the covering tube or other
article to be produced. For the covering of wire or the manufacture of
tubing the screw is made hollow for the reception of a stationary tabular
mandril through which the wire to be covered passes, or to which is fitted a
čore upon which the interior of the tubing is formed, and it is in the combina-
tion of a mandril, or mandril and core, with the screw so applied to the
cylinder and die that one part of the Invention consists. The cylinder is con-
structed with a gullet or enlargement of the bore partly surrounding the
screw, and having an aperture or mouth at the exterior thereof for the purpose
gum without stopping
of allowing the cylinder and screw to be supplied with
the operation of the screw, it being necessary only to introduce the gum at
the aperture, and it is then drawn in by the screw, thereby enabling the
Imachine to operate continuously in making a tube or covering a wire of any.
length, or in filling a mould of any size. This also constitutes part of the
Invention. When covering wire, the wire to be covered is drawn forward
with the gum by the movement of the gum itself, produced by the action of

page_text: readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section of a machine for covering
telegraph wire, having the improvements; Figure ? is a horizontal section of
the same; Figure 8 is a transverse section of the same in the line x, x, shown
in Figures 1 and 2; Figures 4 and 5 exhibit longitudinal sections of the
mandril and die, and outside views of the core adapted for making tubing;
Figure 6 is a top view of the guide for the direction of the lining in the
manufacture of lined tubing. Similar letters of reference indicate cor:
responding parts in the several Figures.
A is the cylinder, and B is the screw which works within it. The said
cylinder, which is arranged horizontally upon a suitable bed D, should be
made of wrought iron or other metal of sufficient thickness to give it the
requisite strength to sustain a heavy pressure. Its front end or head A¹, to
which the die C is attached, is made of conical form internally, as shewn
at a, a, in Figure 1, to prevent as much as possible any obstruction to the
passage of the gum into the die; but the remaining portion of it has its bore
parallel longitudinally. The die, which is moveable in order to enable it to
be changed for others of different sizes, has the rear portion of its interior
tapered, as shown at a¹, a¹, to correspond with the taper of the interior of the
head, and its front portion c¹, c', is cylindrical, and of a bore corresponding
with the size intended for the exterior of the wire covering or tubing. Near
the rear end of the cylinder is the gullet 6 through which the gum is fed, con-
sisting of a narrow cavity or recess in the bore extending about or more than
one-third of the way round it, as shewn in Figure 3, and having its mouth cat
the top of the cylinder. The portion of the cylinder A in front of the gullet 6
is surrounded with a jacket J for the reception of steam or hot water, by
which to heat the gum contained in the cylinder to the requisite temperature
to give it a desirable degree of plasticity. The screw B is of such circum.
ference that the tops of the threads will fit snugly but easily within the
parallel portion of the cylinder, and its shaft is extended through a bearing d
in the rear end of the cylinder, and may be continued some distance in front
of the thread, and there tapered, as shown at e, in Figures 1 and 2, or may
terminate at the front end of the thread, having in either case no bearing at

page_text: its front end, but leaving a clear space within the front of the cylinder for the
passage of the gum. The profile of the front face of the screw thread is best
made perpendicular to the axis of the screw, like that of any ordinary square-
threaded screw, but the back of the said tbread may be bevilled, as shewn in
Figure 1. The shaft of the screw has firmly secured on its rear end a worm
gear E, which gears with an endless screw F on a horizontal shaft G, which
works above the said gear in bearings in standards H, H, erected upon the
bed D; the said shaft serving for the application of the power necessary to
turn the screw B to make it force the gum through the cylinder A and die C.
I is the mandril, made hollow for the passage through it of the wire f to be
covered, (represented in red outline in Figure 1,) or of the core N (Figures 4
and 5) upon which the tubing is to be formed. This mandril extends right
through the screw B, which is bored concentrically for its reception, fitting
snugly but easily thereinto, and protruding some distance through each end
thereof. The said mandril is bored larger than the largest wire to be covered
in the machine, or than the core for the largest sized pipe, but has a taper
nose n screwed into its front end, and a moveable bush p fitted into its rear
end, and these are bored of the size of the wire or core, so that by changing
the nose and bush the necessity of having more than one mandril for different
_sizes of wire and tubing-is-obviated, The portion of the mandril which
extends through the rear end of the shaft of the screw B is partly fitted with
a sleeve g, which is fitted into a box h bolted to the bed plate, and
behind the said sleeve the said mandril is clamped in a box i, and by
these means it is held securely in a position concentric with the cylinder A,
The front end of the sleeve g serves as a bearing for the rear end of the
shaft of the screw b to receive the thrust thereof; and in order to pro-
vide for the proper adjustment of the said bearing, the front portion
of the said sleeve has cut upon it a screw thread which receives a nut j,
which is held back against the box h by the thrust of the screw B against the
sleeve. The core N employed in making tubing consists of a straight
cylindrical rod of steel longer than the mandril itself, that its front end may
protrude through the nose of the mandril into and nearly or quite to the
extremity of the die C, as shewn in Figure 4. When tubing without any
lining is to be made, the core, which is slightly larger than the intended bore
of the tubing, fits snugly into the bores of the nose n and bush p of the
mandril as shewn in Figure 4; but when tubing lined with cloth is to be
made, the bores of the said nose and bush must be as much larger than the
exterior of the core as is required by the thickness of the lining of the tube,
as is shewn in Figure 5, where the lining is shewn in red outline, the lining

page_text: For
having to pass over the core and through the said nose and bush.
making tubing without lining, the core is kept in place. by being furnished
with a head N at its rear end to abut against the rear end of the mandril, as
shewn in Figure 4, and so prevent it from being drawn through the mandril
by the gum passing over it; but for making lined tubing the core is required
to protrude some distance through the rear end of the mandril, as shewn in
Figure 5, to have an opening between it and the mandril at the-rear end of
the latter for the entrance of the lining, and its rear end is secured to the bed
plate D of the machine by being clamped in a box q, see Figure 5, in the
same manner as the mandril is clamped and secured in the box i. In
adjusting the machine for operation the mandril I requires to be set more or
less forward into the entrance a², a¹, of the die C, according as the gum or
compound is more or less plastic, or otherwise varies in character, as can only
be determined by experiment. By this adjustment the space left for the
passage of the gum into the machine is contracted or enlarged.
.
In explaining the operation of the machine, I will first describe the process
of covering wire:-The gum having been first ground, and either compounded
with sulphur or not, according as it is or is not to be vulcanized, by means of
the ordinary heated rollers or grinders in the manner commonly practiced in
the india-rubber manufacture, and while yet warm, is rolled up into rolls of
suitable size to enter the gullet b, and thereinto inserted. When the cylinder
has been filled by turning the screw B in the direction of the arrows, shewn
upon it in Figures 2 and 3, and so causing the said screw to feed the gum
forward as fast as it is introduced thereinto; the end of the wire is.inserted
through the hollow mandril I from the rear end thereof until it protrudes from
the die C. The wire may be supplied from a reel, from whence it is led over a
guide pulley, on which is placed a friction brake to regulate the proper degree
of tension with which it enters the machine. The cylinder having been thus
filled, and the wire been thus inserted, a continuous rotary motion at a
suitable speed is imparted to the shaft G, which, by means of the endless
screw F and worm gear E gives a corresponding motion to the screw B,
which is thus made to compress and feed the gum steadily forward in the
cylinder and around the end of the mandril, and force it into and through the
die C, causing it in its passage to envelope and carry forward the wire, which
is thus caused to issue from the die properly covered. During the operation
of the machine gum may be introduced to the cylinder through the gullet b as
often as may be necessary without stopping the operation of the machine, as
the gum so introduced is caught by the thread of the screw as it passes the
gullet, and carried forward through the cylinder, and hence the operation is

page_text: made perfectly continuous, and a piece of wire of any length may be covered.
When other descriptions of forcing apparatus are employed, the wire may
similarly be caused to be drawn forward by the gum, a friction brake being
employed to keep it at a proper tension. The operation of the machine in
making tubing or hose without lining only differs from that of covering wire,
inasmuch as the core N being held stationary instead of being allowed to move
longitudinally like the wire, the gum passes over it, and receives its tubular
form by being forced between the said core and the die C. For this operation
the core might be inserted and secured in the front end of the mandril instead
of extending right through it; but for making lined tubing or hose the core
must be extended through the rear of the mandril, as shewn in Figure 5, in
order to form an entrance between the two for the lining. The lining is
composed of a strip of cloths (shown in red color in Figure 5), of a width
slightly greater than the intended circumference of the interior of the tube,
and it is conducted into the rear end of the mandril through slot r in the bed
plate. This slot is so curved, as shewn in the top view, Figure 6, that the
strip in passing through it is partly rolled up preparatory to entering the
mandril. The strip is rolled upon the core before the core is inserted into the
mandril, and the core is inserted with the strip upon it. When the core has
been secured, and the machine is set in operation,-the-portion-of the strip
which is around the front portion of the core and protruding through the front
end of the mandril is laid hold of and carried forward by the gum as the
latter is forced forward through the die by the action of the screw, and as the
strip is drawn into the rear end of the mandril its edges are turned inward
over the core, and it is thereby caused to assume the necessary tubular form.
The operation of rolling up the strip will be facilitated by fitting the opening
at the rear end of the mandril with a trumpet-mouthed guide.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hiram Hutchinson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
H. HUTCHINSON. (L.S.)
T. BASSET.