Improvements in and relating to the Driving of Paper Making Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 5th Oct., 1897--Accepted, 27th Nov., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Driving of Paper Making
Machines.
I, SAMUEL MILNE, of 4,Oxford Street, Newington, in the City and County of
Edinburgh, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved method or
mode of and arrangements and combinations of mechanism or appliances for
driving paper making machines so as to efficiently differentiate the speed of the
various members of the same while the machine is in motion and thus compensate
for the contraction or expansion of the web of paper as it passes through the
several members or rolls or cylinders of the machine. These improvements will
give many advantages over the present methods of driving paper making machines,
such as steadiness and regularity of motion with, less liability to breakage of the
paper and accidents to workmen, while requiring no shifting belt forks and taking
up less room and requiring no bevel gearing as also less risk of a stoppage through
belts breaking.
The improvements consist first in driving all the different or principal members
or more than one of the members of a paper making machine by one endless
driving band or belt which band or belt may be a flat belt a link chain belt or
a V shaped band or a round rope instead of as heretofore by a number of belts
or bands and in the means whereby the regulation of the speed of each member of
the machine is accomplished.
Power however would be taken to drive any parts by special belts in addition
to the main drive, such as to drive the winding up gear.
According to one arrangement for driving by a single flat band or belt running
parallel to the side of machine the shaft for driving each separate member is
fitted with a conical pulley over which the band or belt runs. The shaft for each
drive or member is supported in bearings and may be connected to the various
members by clutch or gearing or by both as may be convenient but preferably
by wheel and pinion and a friction clutch. Beside each conical pulley one or
more guide pulleys are placed so that the belt is conducted say over the top half
of the conical pulleys under a guide pulley or pulleys then over the top half of
another conical pulley and so on to the end of machine. Before the first conical
pulley and after the last one a pulley of preferably larger diameter than the
conical pulley is provided, the band or belt passing at one end from the conical
pulley under the large pulley thence along over the tops above all the conical
pulleys (supported on carrying pulleys as may be necessary) round the large
pulley at other end and from thence on to conical pulleys again. It will be seen
that by this arrangement all the conical pulleys are in contact with the outer side
of the band or belt, while all the guide pulleys as also the large pulleys at each

page_text: end are on the inner side of the belt. This is important as each side of the belt
is in contact only with surfaces of identical shape thus reducing wear and tear to
a minimum. One of the large pulleys preferably the one receiving the belt from
the conical pulley next it would be used as a driving pulley for the whole machine
and is mounted on a shaft which is driven by gearing or otherwise from the motive
power. The other large pulley would be arranged so that it could be used as a
tightener for the belt or band.
It is to be understood that a main driving pulley can be introduced in any con-
venient place along the whole machine or one of the conical pulleys could be
utilized as a main driving pulley and that a separate belt tightening arrangement
could be provided.
The conical pulleys are made wider than the driving band or belt and means are
provided whereby each of the conical pulleys can be moved in a direction at right
angles to the direction the belt is running in, or across the belt, so that the belt
may come in contact with any part of its surface.
By moving the conical pulley so that its largest diameter is under the belt the
speed of the member that pulley drives will be reduced and by moving the conical
pulley so that its smallest diameter is under the belt the speed is increased and by
this means the speed of each member of the machine can be regulated to the
greatest nicety.
The cross motion of the conical pulleys in relation to the band or belt may be
obtained in various ways. One way would be to have the shaft so mounted that
it could have no lateral movement and the conical pulley be shifted on the shaft
by screw levers or otherwise to the required position, the cone being caused to
drive the shaft by a feather or otherwise.
By another way the cone may be keyed to the shaft and the shaft caused to
move laterally by any suitable means to bring the cone to the required position.
In this case the pinion would have either to slide on the shaft or be made wide
enough to allow for the travel of the shaft and cone or the clutch he arranged to
slide on the shaft. By still another way the cone, pinion or clutch may be
mounted on sleeves which would be provided with means for moving them along
the shaft.
The aforesaid guide pulleys not only carry the band or belt from one conical
pulley to the other, but keep the belt running in the desired position so that the
shifting of, the conical pulleys does not affect the position the belt runs in and to
this end, these pulleys may be flanged if necessary.
Although the driving band or belt has been described as returning on the tops
of the conical pulleys it is to be understood that it may pass from the end pulleys
downwards and return under the conical pulleys.
The belt or band would be made endless and if flat would be made thicker at
one edge than the other so that it would fit the taper of the conical pulleys and
the side acting on the conical pulleys would have a full bearing and have no
tendency to move laterally on the cone pulleys.
Another arrangement of this driving of the different members of a paper making
machine by one continuous band or belt consists in using instead of a flat band on
cone pulleys as described above, at round or V shaped band in grooved pulleys.
In this case the grooved pulleys would be made so that their diameters or effective
diameters could be altered to give the required adjustment to the various members
of the machine. In carrying out this arrangement the grooved pulleys would be
split through the centre of the groove and mounted on shafts in such a manner
that the one half could be moved to or from the other half to decrease or increase
the width of the groove and thus increase or decrease the effective diameter of the
pulley.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to the Driving of Paper Making
Machines.
'I, SAMUEL MILNE, of 4 Oxford Street, Newington, in the City and County of
Edinburgh, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in, and by the following statement, that is to say:
"
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved method or.
mode of and arrangements and combinations of mechanism or appliances for
driving paper making machines so as to efficiently differentiate the speed of the
various members of the same while the machine is in motion and thus compensate
for the, contraction or expansion of the web of paper as it passes through the
several members or rolls or cylinders of the machine. These improvements. will
give many advantages over the present methods of driving paper making
machines, such as steadiness and regularity of motion with less liability to
breakage of the paper and accidents to workmen, while requiring
shifting belt
forks and taking up less room and requiring no bevel gearing as also less risk of
a stoppage through belts breaking.
no
The improvements consist first in driving all the different or principal members
or more than one of the members of a paper making machine by one endless
driving band or belt which band or belt may be a flat belt, a link chain belt or
a V shaped band or a round rope instead of as heretofore by. a number of belts
or bands, and in the means whereby the regulation of the speed of each, member
of the machine is accomplished.
Power however would be taken to drive any parts by special belts in addition
of the main drive, such as to drive the winding up gear.,
According to one arrangement for driving by a single flat band or belt running
parallel to the side of machine the shaft for driving each separate, member is
The shaft for each
fitted with a conical pulley over which the band or belt runs.
drive or member is supported in bearings and may be connected to the various
members by clutch or gearing or by both as may be convenient but preferably
by wheel and pinion and a friction clutch. Beside each conical pulley one or
more guide pulleys are placed so that the belt is conducted say over the top half.
of the conical pulley under a guide pulley or pulleys then over the top half of
another conical pulley and so on to the end of machine. Before the first conical
pulley and after the last one a pulley of preferably larger diameter than the
conical pulleys is provided, the band or belt passing at one end from the conical
pulley under the large pulley thence along over the tops above all the conical
pulleys (supported on carrying pulleys as may be necessary) round the large
pulley at other end and from thence on to conical pulleys again. It will be seen
that by this arrangement all the conical pulleys are in contact with the outer side
of the band or belt, while all the guide pulleys as also the large pulleys at each
end are on the inner side of the belt. This is important as each side of the belt
is in contact only with surfaces of identical shape thus reducing wear and tear to
a minimum. One of the large pulleys preferably the one receiving the belt from
the conical pulley next it would be used as a driving pulley for the whole machine
and is mounted on a shaft which is driven by gearing or otherwise from the motive
power. The other large pulley would be arranged so that it could be used as a
tightener for the belt or band.
It is to he understood that a main driving pulley can be introduced in any con-
venient place along the whole machine or one of the conical pulleys could be

page_text: utilized as a main driving pulley and that a separate belt tightening arrangement
could be provided.
The conical pulleys are made wider than the driving band and means are pro-
vided whereby each of the conical pulleys can be moved in a direction at right
angles to the direction the belt is running in, or across the belt, so that the belt
may come in contact with any part of its surface.
By moving the conical pulley so that its largest diameter is under the belt the
speed of the member that pulley drives will be reduced and by moving the conical
pulley so that its smallest diameter is under the belt the speed is increased and by
this means the speed of each member of the machine can be regulated to the
greatest nicety.
The cross motion of the conical pulleys in relation to the band or belt may be
obtained in various ways. One way would be to have the shaft so mounted that
it could have no lateral movement and the conical pulley be shifted on the shaft
by screw levers or otherwise to the required position, the cone being caused to
drive the shaft by a feather or otherwise.
By another way the cone may be keyed to the shaft and the shaft caused to
move laterally by any suitable means to bring the cone to the required position.
In this case the pinion would have either to slide on the shaft or be made wide
enough to allow for the travel of the shaft and cone or the clutch be arranged to
slide on the shaft. By still another way the cone, pinion, or, clutch may be
mounted on sleeves which would be provided with means for moving them along
the shaft.
The aforesaid guide pulleys not only carry the band or belt from one conical
pulley to the other, but keep the belt running in the desired position so that the
shifting of the conical pulleys does not affect the position the belt runs in and to
this end, these pulleys may be flanged if necessary.
Although the driving band or belt has been described as returning on the tops
of the conical pulleys it is to be understood that it may pass from the end pulleys
downwards and return under the conical pulleys.
The belt or band would be made endless and if flat would be made
thicker at one edge than the other SO that it would fit the taper of the
conical pulleys and the side acting on the conical pulleys would have à full bear-
ing and have no tendency to move laterally on the cone pulleys.
Another arrangement of the driving of the different members of a paper making
machine by one continuous band or belt consists in using instead of a flat band
on cone pulleys as described above, a round or V shaped band in grooved pulleys.
In this case the grooved pulleys would be made so that their diameters or
effective diameters could be altered to give the required adjustment to the various
members of the machine. In carrying out this arrangement the grooved pulleys
would be split through, the centre of the groove and mounted on shafts in such a
manner that the one half could be moved to and from the other half to decrease
or increase the width of the groove and thus increase or decrease the effective
diameter of the pulley.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of carrying same into
practice may be properly understood I have hereunto appended two sheets of
explanatory diagrammatic drawings illustrating modified arrangements of my
improved driving gear.
Figure 1 shows a skeleton elevation of a paper making machine of ordinary
size and design for the purpose of illustrating the application of the improved
driving gear, but it is understood that the gearing can be applied to any size
style or kind of paper making machine.
"Figures 2 and 3 shows an elevation and plan of the gearing for machines
illustrated in Figure 1, when it is driven by one belt a only. The main driving
pulley A is shown at one end and the tightening pulley A at opposite end. The
cone pulleys can be moved across the belt a or along the shafts to give the
necessary variation of speed to each member. The gearing may be of any

page_text: suitable kind or the shafts may be connected direct to the members as may be
required. The main driving pulley may be placed at either end and the belt may
return under the pulleys instead of over them as shown.
Figures 4 and 5 show a plan and elevation of the gearing when two belts a are
used. When the driving pulley A is near the centre of the machine one belt
would be taken towards each end of the machine and tightening pulleys A¹
arranged at the ends as shown. This enables a narrower belt a to be used, reduces
cost. and has all the advantages of the one belt drive as regards steadiness of
running. The details would be all similar to Figures 2 and 3
In each of the arrangements Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 the belt a is made tapered
and the pulleys and cones are so arranged that one side of it comes in contact
with cones only while the other side comes in contact with the other pulleys only
which allows the belt to fit the surfaces it comes in contact with properly and
without being strained and so save wear and tear of belt. In certain machines
it may be desirable to place the main driving pulley or pulleys
on one of the
cross shafts which gives motion to a member of the machine. The member on
which the driving pulley or pulleys is fixed would then have a positive speed all
the others being adjustable by the cones to suit. There can of course be only
one positive speed in any machine.
Figure 6 shows an arrangement of gearing for driving a machine (Figure 1)
by one continuous rope or V shaped band a. In this case the guide pulleys c
are dispensed with, as the rope a will
run over the pulleys in any
direction, the gearing being made to suit the direction of rotation
required. It may in certain cases be necessary to use guide pulleys c
should the shafts be so far apart as not to give sufficient lap on the pulleys to
ensure that slipping will not occur. This arrangement has the main driving
pulley A at one end and the tightening pulley A at the other end, same as in
Figure 2. The speed of each member is varied by altering the effective diameter
of the pulleys, by moving the sides between which the rope runs to or from each
other by means of suitable gearing.
Figures 7 and 8 show an elevation and plan view of an arrangement of gearing
having two ropes a the main driving pulley A being near the centre of the
machine. It may however be in any position. For the purpose of illustration
I have shown the shaft on which the driving pulleys are placed geared direct. to
one of the members, which is thus driven at a positive speed. There may be one
such drive in a machine, the speed of the other members being varied to suit.
There is a tightening pulley A' at each end.
Figure 9 is an elevation showing an arrangement with three ropes a the driving
pulley A being at one end. In this case one of the ropes is led from the main
pulley A over or under say three of the variable pulleys under a guide pulley c
and thence along to the tightening pulley A' at the other end. The guide pulley
could of course be used as a tightening pulley and the rope led directly back to
driving pulley. A.
The second rope a is led from the main driving pulley A under a guide pulley c
over or under say three variable pulleys under another guide pulley
e thence
along to tightening pulley A' at end and back to main driving pulley A. This
rope may of course be returned to main driving pulley A from the second guide
pulley which could be used as a tightening pulley.
The third rope a is led from main pulley A under a guide pulley e then over or
under say five variable pulleys 6 thence round tightening pulley A and back to
main pulley A.
The main driving pulley A may of course be placed nearer centre of machine
and one or more ropes go towards each end as may suit circumstances.
The tightening pulleys A' may be placed in any position either above or below
the other pulleys. In cases where more than one rope is used they may run
alongside each other using one as the driving power for each member running on
a variable pulley the others running on a pulley which is loose on shaft. I may

page_text: also have two ropes giving power to any one member the variable pulley being
made with two variable grooves
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
+1
First. The method of driving paper making machines consisting in driving all
or more than one of the members by an endless band, belt, or rope in such a
manner that the speed of all or any of the members can be varied without vary-
ing the speed of the driving, band, belt, or rope substantially as herein described
in reference to and by way of application shown in the accompanying diagram
drawings.
Second. In a paper making machine the method of varying, the speed of all or
any of the members by moving a conical pulley across the band or belt sub>
stantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
"
Third. In a paper making machine the combination of an endless band driving
al or more than one of the members, with pulleys so formed that the effective
diameters can be altered to give a variation of speed to the members, substantially
as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In a paper making machine in which all or more than one of the
members are driven by an endless band, the arrangement of the conical or other
pulley's so that one side of the belt comes in contact with cone pulleys only and
the other side with ordinary pulleys only, substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
y..
Dated the 4th day of October 1897.
J