Improvements in Grinding Pans for Grinding and Crushing Wet or Dry Clay, Chalk, and other Substances.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 24th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 28th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Grinding Pans for Grinding and Crushing Wet or
Dry Clay, Chalk, and other Substances.
I, THOMAS CONSTANTINE FAWCETT, Junior, of Whitehouse Engineering Works,
Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention has reference to a new construction and arrangement of grinding
pan for grinding chalk, clay, and other mineral substances, the primary object of my
invention being to put the materials through two processes or operations, the first
of which is to subject the materials to a breaking or crushing treatment by one pair
of rollers, and also to pass the materials so crushed to another pair of rollers which
complete the crushing and grinding of the substances and force them through a
perforated grate to be received by a revolving disc.
In carrying out my invention, when operating upon wet material, I employ a pair
of rollers working on a solid plate forming part of a revolving or stationary pan
To the outer edge of the solid plate I fix a stationary or revolving rim or a series of
scrapers extending all around the outside of the plate, or only partially around.
The materials to be crushed or ground are introduced onto the solid plate and taken
around by the pan underneath the rollers to be crushed, afterwards one of the
scrapers, or a door in the rim, is moved into a position to allow the ground
substances to work off the solid plate onto the perforated part of the grinding pan,
when the substances already crushed receive a second crushing operation by means
of another pair of revolving rollers on the same axle as those already mentioned. This
second pair of rollers gives the substances an additional grinding or mixing operation,
and also forces the pulverized substances through the perforations onto a revolving
dise arranged underneath the said grate, such revolving disc being provided with an
inclined projection or scraper for causing the substances dropped thereon to be
delivered therefrom into the mouth of a pugmill or other form of apparatus, whereby
brick or other like machines are gradually and continuously fed with materials from
which to make bricks, briquettes, or other like articles, or for the manufacture of
cement, and other purposes.
As the inner pair of crushing rollers are intended to operate first upon the
material, which will be more lumpy than that operated upon by the outer pair of
rollers, it is necessary that the inner rollers should be capable of rising when lumpy
or unequal substances pass underneath them, and for this purpose the axle works in
slotted grooves, or other similar method, to permit the roller to rise and fall to
accommodate itself to the unequal thickness of the materials under operation.
When operating upon dry materials, they are fed to the centre of the pan and
crushed by the inner pair of rollers and kept in position by a revolving or
stationary rim, one or more parts of which project inwards towards the centre, and
the projecting parts are perforated for the purpose of allowing the crushed or small
particles of material to escape therethrough to be further crushed or pulverized by
the second pair of rollers, revolving upon a solid plate, but the crushed materials are
finally worked further outwards until they reach a perforated plate, through which
they pass and fall onto the revolving disc previously mentioned. The inner or
central plate is solid, but the outer extremities of the said plate are inclined
and perforated to permit the crushed substances to escape onto the disc revolving
underneath.
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TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.*-

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Grinding Pans for Grinding and Crushing Wet or
Dry Clay, Chalk, and other Substances.
I, THOMAS CONSTANTINE FAWCETT, Junior, of Whitehouse Engineering Works
Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to a new construction and arrangement of grinding
pan for grinding chalk, clay, and other mineral substances, the primary object of my
invention being to put the materials through two processes or operations, the first of
which is to subject the materials to a breaking or crushing treatment by one pair of
rollers, and also to pass the materials so crushed to another pair of rollers which
complete the crushing and grinding of the substances and to force them through a
perforated grate to be received by a revolving disc.
In carrying out my invention, when operating upon moist material, I employ a
pair of rollers working on a solid plate forming part of a revolving or stationary
pan. To the outer edge of the solid plate I fix a stationary rim or a series of
scrapers extending all around the outside of the plate or only partially around. The
materials to be crushed or ground are introduced on to the solid plate and taken
around by the pan underneath the rollers to be crushed, afterwards one of the
scrapers, or a door in the rim, moved into a position to allow the ground substances
to work off the solid plate on to the perforated part of the grinding pan, when the
substances already crushed receive a second crushing operation by means of another
pair of revolving rollers This second pair of rollers gives the substances an
additional grinding or mixing operation, and also forces the pulverized substances
through the perforations onto a revolving disc arranged underneath the said grate,
such revolving disc being provided with an inclined projection or scraper for causing
the substances dropped thercon to be delivered therefrom into the mouth of a pugmill
or other form of apparatus, whereby brick or other like machines are gradually and
continuously fed with materials from which to make bricks, briquettes, or other liko
articles, or for the manufacture of cement, and other purposes.
As the inner pair of crushing rollers are intended to operate first upon the material,
which will be more lumpy than that operated upon by the outer pair of rollers, it is
necessary that the inner rollers should be capable of rising when lumpy or unequal
substances pass underneath them, and for this purpose the axle works in slotted
grooves, or other similar method, to permit the roller to rise and fall to accommodate
itself to the unequal thickness of the materials under operation.
When operating upon dry materials, they are fed in the centre of the pan and
crushed by the inner pair of rollers and kept in position by a revolving or stationary
rim, one or more parts of which project inwards towards the centre, and the projecting
parts are perforated for the purpose of allowing the crushed or small particles of
material to escape therethrough to be further crushed or pulverized by the second
pair of rollers revolving upon a solid plate, but the crushed materials are finally worked
further outwards until they reach a flat perforated plate, through which they pass
and fall onto the revolving disc previously mentioned. In another modification
the inner or central plate is solid, but the outer edge of the said plate is inclined
and perforated to permit the crushed substances to escape onto the disc revolving
underneath.
In order that my invention may be better understood, I will now make reference
to the accompanying sheets of drawings illustrative thereof, wherein Fig. I is elevation
partly in section of a machine constructed according to my invention for grinding
moist or plastic substances. A represents the standards or framework of the machine,
B the grinding pan keyed or otherwise fastened upon the vertical shaft made to
revolve by bevel gearing D driven by strap or other well known means in the ordinary
manner.

page_text: The central part of the bottom of the grinding pan is solid as shewn at E, but the
outer part of the bottom of the said pan is composed of perforated grates as shewn
at F. A pair of heavy crushing rollers G working independently of each other
are mounted upon short axles or shafts H, each end of which shaft is carried in
square bearings or pedestals I and J, and as it is necessary for these two crushing
rollers to be capable of rising when lumpy or unequally sized substances pass
underneath them, the bearing I is free to rise in the slotte! pedestal K whilst the
other bearing J partially surrounds the central shaft (as shewn more clearly in
Fig. 4, whereby the said rollers are free to rise and fall to suit the unequally sized
substances passing underneath them. represents another pair of crushing rollers
of lighter construction than those already referred to, and they are also carried so as
to work independently of each other, for which purpose they are mounted upon short
axles M carried by bearings or pedestals N and O, the former of which is capable
of rising in the same manner as the one marked I already described with reference
to the rollers G whilst the bearing O can oscillate upon a horizontal stud or pin a,
permitting the rollers L to rise and fall when unequally sized substances pass under-
neath them, but the rising movement is limited in consequence of the part O carrying
the axle working upon the pivot a. The material to be crushed and ground is placed
into the centre of the pan upon the solid plate E, where it is ground and crushed, the
plates or scrapers P preventing the material from getting onto the perforated plates
until the material has been sufficiently ground, when the loose door or scraper Q
may be oscillated upon stud as shewn in dotted lines (the said door or scraper
being moved by the workman by means of levers or other mechanical equivalent)
therefore when such door has been opened the crushed substances will be worked
through the doorway by the rollers onto the perforated grate F, when the materials
will receive a second crushing operation, and when sufficiently ground it will be forced
through the perforations and fall onto a revolving disc R placed underneath the
grinding pan which is provided with an inclined projection or scraper for causing
the substances dropped thereon to be delivered into the mouth of a pug-mill or
other form of apparatus whereby brick or other like machines can be gradually
and continuously fed with materials from which to make bricks, briquettes, and other
like articles, or for the manufacture of cement, and other purposes.
Fig. 3 is elevation partly in section of a slightly modified form of grinding pan
adapted for operating upon dry materials, and Fig. 4 is plan view. The bottom of the
grinding pan, like the one already mentioned, is solid in the middle and perforated
at the outer extremity. The machine has also two pairs of grinding rollers capable
of rising and falling like those already mentioned with regard to Figs. 1 and 2, but in
this case, instead of employing a door or scraper working upon a hinge for per-
mitting the substances to pass from the centre of the pan to the outer part, I employ
vertical or inclined perforated plates S fixed to the parts T, so that when the substances
are sufficiently ground they will be forced continuously through the perforations in
the said vertical plates S, being guided or forced onto the perforations Fin the bottom
of the pan by the stationary scrapers U. The ground materials passing through the
perforations in the bottom of the pan drop onto a pan or flanged disc R.
Figs. 5 and 6 represent another form of grinding pan for operating upon dry
substances, similar to that already described, except that in this case I employ an
inclined rim or flange V fastened to the bottom of the grinding pan B, such said
inclined rim or flange being perforated or made with slots as shewn in the Drawings,
through which the ground substances will pass, but they are conducted onto the per-
forated bottom of the grinding pan by an arrangement of scrapers similar to those
marked P in Figs. 3 and 4.
Instead of the grinding rollers G and L being permitted to rise and fall in the vertical
slotted bearings K, the said rollers may be carried upon the horizontal arms W carried
upon the square shaft X (see Fig. 8) which will allow the rollers to rise and fall to
suit the unequally sized substances passing underneath them.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
Firstly. Grinding pans with four rolers, having yielding axles to permit each
roller to rise and fall in the manner described and shewn in the drawings.
Secondly. Grinding pans with four rollers, working upon a partly solid and partly
perforated pan bottom, the use of yielding axles, to permit each roller to rise and fall,
in the manner described and shewn in the drawings.
Thirdly. In grinding pans with four rollers, the combination therewith of the
plates or scrapers P provided with a hinged door Q, all as described and shewn.
Fourthly. In grinding pans having four rollers, the combination therewith of tho
vertical grates S for purposes described.
Fifthly. In grinding pans having four rollers, the combination therewith of the
perforated rim or dish V as described and shewn.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1890.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.