IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERS AND TUYERE ApparatusMIT' FORGES AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan, of No. 19, Salisbury Street,
Strand, London, Foreman of Smiths on the Great Western Railway,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERS AND TUYERE Apparatus
2
D
Scaled the 24th July 1874, and dated the 19th May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th May 1874.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN, of No. 19, Salisbury Strect, Strand, London,
Foreman of Smiths on the Great Western Railway, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERS AND TUYERÉ
Apparatus for SMITHS' FORGES AND SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
:~
I employ an air-tight trunk or wind chamber, of square or other
suitable cross section (made in cast or wrought iron or other suitable
material), the outer end of which is so fitted as to be readily closed and
opened to give access to the interior, and the other or inner end is formed

page_text: with an elbow or bent upwards so as to leave its mouth or opening
horizontal and at a suitable height above the upper side of the trunk.
Upon this rests or is fitted on fillets (so as to form a cover), a tuyere
block, with openings, which may be of cast iron. The tuyere block
forming the cover being easily removed can be casily renewed and
replaced with facility.
Within the horizontal trunk I fit a lever or levers mounted by pre-
'ference at or near to the outer end
handle or lever is keyed or fitted.
within the elbow or bend of the
punch or punches or slag cleaners, which are guided in their vertical
movements by the slots or other openings in the tuyere block above, so
that upon the lever being forcibly raised from its normal position the
punch or slag cleaner is driven through the corresponding blast hole
or holes, and the slag or clinker is thereby removed from time to
time.
on a cross shaft, on which an actuating
At the end of these horizontal arms,
trunk, is fitted a hinged or jointed
On either side (or on both sides), or at the (inner) end of the trunk,
or the elbow thereof, the blast pipe may be connected so as to discharge
the blast into the trunk or chamber, and so through the opening or open-
ings in the tuyere block; and the slag punches are guided in their move-
ments up and down by suitably formed downward projections from the
under face of the tuyere block, or in any other suitable manner.
"
Instead of the horizontal levers, shaft, and handle for actuating the
slag punches they may be operated by means of tappets or "wipers
mounted on a cross shaft fitted within the elbow of the trunk and below
the tuyere block, and the wind. chamber may be correspondingly and
suitably varied in shape.
filed by the said William Morgan in the. Great Scal Patent
Office on the 11th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN, of No. 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London, Foreman of
Smiths on the Great Western Railway, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by ‘Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Morgan, Her special licence,
that I, the said William Morgan, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Morgan, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thercafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TUYERS AND TUYERE APPARATUS FOR SMITHS' FORGES, AND SUCH LIKE PUR-
POSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Morgan, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to bo
filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Sheet of Drawings:-
I employ an air-tight trunk or wind chamber of square or other suitable.
cross section (made in cast or wrought iron or other suitable material,
but by preference in cast iron and cast in one piece), the outer end of
which trunk or case is so fitted as to be readily closed and opened to give
access to the interior, and the other or inner end is formed with an elbow
or bend upwards, tower like, so as to leave its mouth or opening
horizontal, and at a suitable height above the upper side of the trunk.
Upon this rests, or is fitted on fillets (so as to form a cover), a tuyero
block, with an opening or openings for the blast, and which tuyere block
may be of cast iron. This tuyere block forming the cover being casily
5 removed can be readily renewed and replaced with facility.
Within the horizontal trunk I fit a lever or levers mounted by prc-
ference at or near to the outer end on a cross shaft or fulcrum, on which.

page_text: an actuating handle or lever is keyed or fitted. At the end of these
horizontal arms, or the horizontal lever arm within the elbow or bend of
the trunk, is fitted a hinged or jointed punch or punches or slag cleaners,
which are guided in their vertical movements by the slots or other
openings in the tuyere block above, so that upon the lever being forcibly
raised from its normal position the punch or punches or slag cleaners
are driven through the corresponding blast holes, and the slag or clinker
is thereby removed from time to time.
On either side (or on both sides), or at the (inner) end of the trunk,
or the elbow thereof, the blast pipe may be connected so as to discharge
the blast into the trunk or chamber, where it will become heated and
then be discharged through the opening or openings in the tuyere block.
The slag punches are or may be guided in their movements up and down
by suitably formed downward projections from the under face of the
tuyere block, or in any other suitable manner.
"
Instead of the horizontal levers, shaft, and handle for actuating the
slag punches they may be operated by means of tappets or "wipers
mounted on a cross shaft fitted within the elbow of the trunk and
below the tuyere block, and the wind chamber may be correspondingly
and suitably varied in shape.
=
Various mechanical contrivances may be substituted for the lever arm,
such as a pinion and rack, a cam or tappet, which may be either actuated
by a lever arm or a rotary or semi-rotary motion.
The door or cover piece may be disposed otherwise than at the outer
end of the trunk, though by preference it may be so placed.
Instead of a single slot or two slots side by side two round blast holes
or a cruciform blast passage may be formed in the tuyere block, and the
punches be suitably formed and arranged to detach the slag or clinker
whenever the punch or punches are driven upwards from their position
of rest, where they form no impediment to the discharge of the
blast.
After the fire has been in use for a short time the cast-iron tuyero
block, tower, and trunk become heated, and the air when discharged
into it from the blast pipe also becomes heated, and effects an economy
in the coal or fuel consumed for heating the metal.
For "dome fires" and where heavy work has to be done the cast-iron
tuyere blocks may be cast with a passage cored in them surrounding the

page_text: DIOCK.
Figure 10 is a plan view of the tuyere block (detached) having a
cruciform blast hole or tuyere opening, and having a cored chamber or
air space therein, as shewn by the dotted lines.
Figure 11 is a plan of an octagonal tuyere block similar to Figure 9,
with two tuyere slots or openings.
Figure 12 is a vertical section of a cored tuyero block, having the air
passage cast within and around it, and shows the air admission and dis-
charge pipes arranged as in practice I prefer to proportion and dispose
them.
Figure 13 is a plan view of Figure 12, shewing the two slots, the air
passage around them (dotted in), and the air receiving and discharge.
pipes in connection with the main blast pipe.
Figure 14 is a front clevational view in perspective, drawn to a small
scale, of an ordinary smith's forge or hearth, and Figuro 15 is a side
view or elevation in perspective. In the latter the connection between
the tuyere and the main blast pipe is shewn, as well as the hand lever
for operating the slag punch, as also the sliding door or cover piece. In
the former the slag punchies are shown as being clevated, and the levers
for shutting off the blast and actuating the slag punches are more clearly
shown.
I have shewn in the two views, Figures 12 and 13, the two connecting
pipes between the tuyere block and the main blast pipe as of different
diameters, and I prefer to make the inlet pipe larger than the outlet
pipe, and to give to the inlet pipe within the main pipe a bell-shaped
mouth or entrance for the air, as shown, whilst the outlet pipe is of
smaller diameter, and the termination or discharge nozzle within the
main pipo is turned in a direction contrary to that of the inlet pipo
mouth-piece.
The air pipe connection between the blast pipe and the tuyere trunk
is distinct and separate from that of the air circulating pipes just
described.
Having now described my Invention and some of the modes or
methods in which I prefer to put my Invention into practice, and

page_text: having also illustrated the same in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
I wish it to be understood that I am aware small inverted pyramidal and
conical cast-iron boxes have heretofore been fitted on to the blast pipes
of smiths' forges, and so forming a bot-air tuyere iron, but what I claim
as my Invention is,―
First. The improvements in tuyeres and tuyere apparatus for smiths'
forges, as herein described and set forth.
Secondly. The mode or method of forming and combining the hori-
zontal trunk and vertical chamber or tower with the tuyere block
thereupon, and the slag or clinker punches mounted within, and working
as herein described and illustrated.
Thirdly. The combination and working of a slag punch or clinker-
clearing apparatus, as herein described, within a trunk or horizontal box
having a vertical chamber or tower surmounted by a tuyere block, in the
manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fourthly. The use or employment of a cored or chambered tuyero
block as herein described for producing a free and rapid circulation of
the air blast around the tuyere holes in combination with the hollow
trunk and tower and the tuyere apparatus herein described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the
P
T
1104
WILLIAM MORGAN. (L.s.)
Witness,
WILLIAM HENRY SMITH,
Assistant to Mr. William Smith, C.E.,
(Consulting Engineer),
19, Salisbury Street, Strand,
London, W.C.