Improvements in Door Fasteners and Locks.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Feb., 1887
Complete Left, 31st Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 18th Nov.. 1887
Improvements in Door Fasteners and Locks.
1, GEORGE GREGORY SMITH, of St. Albans, in the County of Franklin and State
of Vermont United States of America, Lawyer, do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a device for securing and locking, sliding or hinged
doors, gates, or lids, and has for its object to provide a strong, simple fastening as a
substitute for the bolts in ordinary use, and especially to provide a neat, secure
fastening for the doors of Railway Carriages and Vans.
It consists in a swinging bolt, having an angular aperture in one end thereof to
receive a pivot-pin formed with a portion of its length cylindrical, whereon the bolt
may freely turn, and a portion thereof angular in cross-section to engage the angular
aperture and thereby prevent the bolt from turning.
The bolt is free to move longitudinally along the pivot-pin so as to admit of being
readily passed from its cylindrical to its angular portion, and vice versa.
With the pivot-pin properly fitted and secured upon the casing of a door, the bolt
may be turned upon the cylindrical portion of the pin as its axis so as to overlap and
rest against the edge of the door, and when thus held against the door, the bolt may
be slipped along the pin so as to engage its angular portion and be thereby held fast
and prevented from turning out from the door so as to effectually lock it.
Thus with a hinged door, gate, or lid, the simple bearing of the bolt, held fast
against it, will prevent the door from opening.
For use with a sliding door, the free end of the swinging bolt is provided with an
offset on the side thereof next to the door, which, when the bolt drops from the
cylindrical on to the angular portion of the pivot-pin and is thereby prevented from
turning, will, by said movement, be carried into engagement with a stop secured to
the door.

page_text: This Invention consists furthermore in the combination with the swinging-bolt and
its pivot-pin, of a lock-bolt fitted in the swinging-bolt so as to be carried thereby in
position to be shot, by means of a suitable key, into a recess in the pivot-pin, so that
the swinging-bolt may he made fast upon the angular portion of the pivot-pin by
means of the transverse key-bolt and by it secured until the key-bolt is withdrawn
by its key.
The pivot-pin upon which the door bolt or fastener swings may be arranged either
to be detachable from its fastenings or to be made integral therewith.
Dated this Fifteenth day of January 1887.

page_text: Improvements in Door Fasteners and Locks.
1, GEORGE GREGORY SMITH, of St. Albans, in the County of Franklin, and State
of Vermont, United States of America, Lawyer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a device for securing and locking, sliding or hinged doors,
gates, or lids, and has for its object to provide a strong, simple fastening as a sub-
stitute for the bolts in ordinary use, and especially to provide a neat, secure fastening
for the doors of Railway Carriages and Vans.
It consists in a swinging bolt, having an angular aperture in one end thereof to
receive a pivot-pin, said pivot-pin being formed with a portion of its length cylindrical
whereon the bolt may freely turn, and a portion thereof angular in cross-section to
prevent the bolt from turning when slipped thereon.
The bolt is free to move longitudinally along the pivot-pin so as to admit of being
readily passed from its cylindrical to its angular portion and vice versa.
With the pivot-pin properly fitted and secured upon the casing of a door, the bolt
may be turned upon the cylindrical portion of the pin as its axis so as to overlap and
rest against the edge of the door, and when thus held against the door, the bolt may
be slipped along the pin so as to engage its angular portion and be thereby held fast
and prevented from turning out from the door so as to effectually lock it.
Thus with a binged door, gate, or lid the simple bearing of the bolt held fast
against it, will prevent the door from opening.
For use with a sliding door, the free end of the swinging bolt is provided with an
offset on the side thereof next to the door, which when the bolt drops from the
cylindrical on to the angular portion of the pivot-pin and is thereby prevented from
turning, will, by said movement be carried into engagement with a stop secured to
the door.
This Invention consists furthermore in the combination with the swinging-bolt and
its pivot-pin, of a lock-bolt fitted to the swinging-bolt so as to be carried thereby in
position to be shot, by means of a suitable key, into a recess in the pivot-pin, so that
the swinging-bolt may be made fast upon the angular portion of the pivot-pin by
means of the transverse key-bolt and by it secured until the key-bolt is withdrawn
by its key.
The pivot-pin upon which the door bolt or fastener swings may be arranged either
to be detachable from its fastenings or to be made integral therewith.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1, is a front elevation of my improved swing-bolt as applied to the sliding
door of a Railway car, the car being closed and locked.
Figure 2, a transverse section in line
of Figure 1.
'

page_text: Figure 3, a similar view showing the bolt swung open and the door partly opened.
Figure 4, a transverse section, like to Figure 2, illustrating the swinging-bolt as
applied to a hinged door, the bolt being illustrated in dotted lines as thrown back and
the door partly opened.
Figure 5, is a section in line y, y, of Figure 1, through the hub of the bolt,
detached.
Figure 6, is an elevation of the pivotal end of the bolt and of the staple, illustrating
the application of a padlock thereto.
Figure 7, is a similar elevation with a part of the staple broken away, illustrating
the application of a sealing wire and seal thereto.
Figure 8, is a detached view of a detachable pivot-pin for the swinging-bolt.
Figure 9, is an elevation of a modification of my invention constructed with a base-
plate carrying lugs, through which a detachable pin is passed as a pivot for the
swinging-bolt, and illustrating the combination of a lock and key with said bolt,-and
Figure 10, is a section in line, of Figure 9.
In said drawings, A, represents a bolt or bar transversely perforated at one end to
receive the cross-bar B, of a staple, which is made to serve as a pivot upon which the
bolt may turn or swing. The two arms C C, of the staple are threaded at their ends
each to receive a nut, D, by which, when the arms of the staple are inserted through
the post of the doorway of a freight wagon, the staple may be made perfectly fast and
secure. The perforated end of the swinging-bolt A, is preferably enlarged to form a
cylindrical hub, E, and the perforation therein is made rectangular in cross section
and is adapted thereby to fit upon a rectangular portion of the pivot B, the remainder
of said pivot being made cylindrical, of a diameter slightly less than the smallest side
of the rectangular opening in the bolt, so that when the latter is moved along the
pivot B until the aperture embraces only said cylindrical portion, it shall be free to
turn easily thereon. The distance between the arms CC of the staple is sufficient to
allow of a movement of the bolt A, upon the pivot B, far enough to carry the former
wholly over the cylindrical portion of the pivot or wholly over its rectangular
portion.
Preferably, the end of the rectangular aperture in the bolt A, which is farthest
from the squared portion of the pivot B, is closed in so as to form a collar, F, (see
Fig. 5,) having a cylindrical opening to embrace only the cylindrical portion of the
pivot B. This inner collar, F, serves to center the bolt upon the pivot B, and is
especially useful when the rectangular portion of the pivot and of the aperture in the
bolt is oblong instead of square. This oblong form is adopted in order to permit the
bolt to become fixed in two positions thereof only, viz: when turned against the door
to lock it or turned entirely back therefrom.
If the door be hinged to swing to and from the post to which the staple carrying
the swinging-bolt A is secured, it is evident that when the bolt is turned to overlap
the front edges of the closed door, (see Fig. 4,) and is fixed by moving it upon the
pivot B of the staple until the angles and opposite flat surfaces of the bolt and pivot
are in registry and contact, the door is thereby securely locked and may not be
opened until the bolt is moved along the pivot far enough to permit it to turn and
swing out upon the cylindrical portion thereof; but when the door is fitted to slide
to and from the post to which the staple and swinging-bolt are secured the fastening
of the door is effected by forming an offset G, upon the end of the bolt to project
towards the door and by securing a stop-block, H, (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) upon the
face of the door in position to be engaged by said offset G when the door is closed
and the bolt swung against it.
To afford a support for the outer end of the swinging-bolt when closed and prevent
it from being easily broken and wrenched off, the stop-block is formed with a longi-
tudinal recess, I, along the inner edge thereof next to the door to receive a counter-
part flange, J, projecting from the outer edge of the offset G,-as clearly illustrated
in Figs. 2 and 3, and the top of the stop-block is in such case made flush with the
top of the holt when the latter is closed and fixed upon its pivot B, (see Fig. 1) so
that when the bolt is moved along said pivot for disengagement the flange J on the

page_text: offset G will also be moved out of its engagement with the recess I in the stop-
block, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1.
The bolt A, when closed to make fast the door, may be locked by passing the bow
of a padlock, K, around the cylindrical stem of the pivot B,-
-as shown in Fig. 6, so
as to prevent the bolt from being moved up along said cylindrical stem far enough to
free it and allow it to turn. The bow of the padlock is in such case prevented from
heing slipped beyond the end of the cylindrical stem and over upon the arm of the
staple by a heavy washer placed upon said arm between the stem and door-casing, as
shown at L in Figs. 3 and 6.
The bolt may likewise be sealed when closed and fixed, by means of a wire M, led
through transverse apertures in the hub end of the bolt and in the rectangular portion
of the pivot B, which are brought into exact registry when the bolt is closed and in
effective position to lock the door, the free ends of the wire being thereafter brought
together and sealed in the customary manner, as shown in Fig. 7.
As a modification of my invention, the pivot B, upon which the bolt A swings and
is lifted, may be made in the form of a loose detachable pin, N, angular in cross
section at both ends, with an intervening cylindrical portion, and provided with a
head, 0, at one end thereof, as shown in Fig. 6. This pivot-pin is made to pass
through an angular aperture in a lug or car, P, projecting from a base-plate, R, and
to fit at its opposite end in a corresponding angular aperture in a second similar lug
P. The angular portion of its stem at one end is extended sufficiently to
afford a bearing for the angular aperture in the bolt fitted thereto.
or ear,
The bolt may be made of various forms, one of which is shown in Fig. 10 as
adapted to be used with the detachable pivot-pin N for light hinged doors and for
lids, &c., in contrast with the heavier bolt for use with the doors of freight-wagons,-
shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.
It is evident that by proper adjustment and due reference to the direction in which
the door opens, the swinging-bolt will operate equally well whether the staple be made
fast to the margin of the door post or casing so that the bolt shall swing against the
door, or to the door, so that the bolt shall swing against the post or casing.
In order to prevent the bolt from being lifted from the angular portion of its pivot
and thereby becoming free to turn upon its cylindrical portion unless by consent of a
party controlling the same by a key, I insert within a suitable recess formed in the
inner end of the bolt an auxiliary or lock-bolt S, adapted to move transversely to the
pivot-pin and into engagement with a recess T, formed therein, the lock-bolt being
placed in position to register with the recess when the swinging-bolt is in engagement
with the angular portion of the pivot-pin, as shown in Figure 10, and by dotted
lines in Figure 9.
This auxiliary lock-bolt S, is fitted to be moved to and from the pivot-pin by means
of the key W, which is governed and controlled in its movement by suitable tumblers
and wards, (see Fig. 10) of any well known form and construction so as to constitute
a lock more or less intricate and secure.
By this means the lock-bolt S may be shot by the key W into engagement with
the pivot-pin B as shown in Figure 10, whereupon the swinging-bolt A fastening the
door, becomes securely fixed so as to be immovable, until, by the use of the proper
key, the lock-bolt is withdrawn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is ;--
1. A door-fastener constructed of a swinging-bolt having an angular perforation in
one end thereof, in combination with a pivot formed with a portion of its length
angular in cross-section to enter the angular perforation in the bolt and prevent it
from turning, and with the remaining portion cylindrical to serve as an axis upon
which the bolt may freely swing, and means, substantially as described, for securing
the pivot upon the margin of the door or casing, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose herein set forth.
2. A door-fastener constructed of a bolt having an angular perforation in one end

page_text: thereof, a lateral offset formed upon the opposite end, and a stop-block on the door
or casing adapted to engage said offset, in combination with a pivot for the bolt
formed with a portion of its length angular in cross-section to enter the angular
perforation in the bolt and prevent it from turning, and the remaining portion
cylindrical to serve as an axis upon which the bolt may freely swing, and means,
substantially as described, for securing the pivot upon the margin of the door or
casting all substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
3. The combination, in the door-fastener, of the plate R, the ears or lugs P P¹
projecting therefrom, the detachable pivot-pin N, fitting in angular perforations
in said ears or lugs, and having the intermediate portion of its stem angular for
one part and cylindrical for the remainder, and the bolt A, having an angular
perforation at one end to fit upon and embrace the angular portion of the pivot-
pin N and swing freely upon its cylindrical portion, all substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
4. The combination, in a door-fastener, of a swinging-bolt, a pivot-pin upon
which the bolt is free to turn, an auxiliary bolt fitted in the swinging-bolt to
move transversely to the pivot-pin into and out of engagement therewith, and a
detachable key adapted to actuate the auxiliary bolt, substantially in the manner
and for the purpose herein set forth.
5. The combination in a door-fastener, of a swinging-bolt A, having an angular
perforation in one end thereof, a pivot-pin R, formed with a portion of its length
angular and a portion cylindrical and upon which the bolt is fitted, a lock-bolt G
fitted in the swinging-bolt to move into and out of engagement with the angular
portion of the pivot when the swinging-bolt is in register therewith, and a detachable
key adapted to move the lock-bolt, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
herein set forth.
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