matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Grenet and Alexis Vavin,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
1st September 1857.
We, EUGENE GRENET, junior, and ALEXIS VAVIN, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MACHINE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an electro-magnetic machine, which is so constructed
as to provide, first, for the diminution of the number, and the increase of the
size of the magnets employed in such machines; secondly, for the employment
of wires of large gauge in the coils; thirdly, for the direct action of electro-
magnets upon one another; fourthly, for the utilisation of the magnetic force,
until the contact of the magnets takes place, and for the avoidance of shocks
in the machine; and, fifthly, for the prevention of the destructive action of the
spark produced at the points where contact is successively made and broken.
The improved machine is composed of a set of upright electro-magnets, the
upper faces of which are plane and on the same level, and around which large
wire is coiled for the passage of the magnetizing current. The polar extremities
of these magnets pass through a plate or table of bronze, which is flush with
them, and perfectly smooth and plain. A corresponding set of electro-magnets
of similar construction are placed above these, but the magnets of this upper set
have their polar extremities curved, in order that they may rock or roll upon
the bronze table and the lower magnets. The amount of curvature given to

page_text: the magnets will vary with the length of stroke required. Each of the upper
magnets has connected to its upper end (or to an arm attached to its upper
end) a connecting rod, which is jointed at its further extremity to a crank
upon a central shaft, the cranks upon this shaft being set at such angles to
each other, that as motion is communicated successively to the several magnets
of the upper set, one or other of the said cranks may transfer it to the central
shaft, and keep up a continuous rotation of the latter. The coils of the
several magnets are connected with the battery by means of wires arranged
in the ordinary manner, the current being transferred successively from one to
the other by means of conducting rods or plungers alternately inserted in
receivers containing mercury, and withdrawn therefrom; motion being given to
such rods or plungers by means of cams or elliptical projections upon the
central shaft water, or other non-conducting liquid, is placed in the receivers
above the mercury for the purpose of extinguishing the spark which results
from the rupture of the galvanic current.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sebastien Didier Lheritier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th April 1857.
I, SEBASTIEN DIDIER LIERITIER, Doctor of Physic, at Paris, Town in the
French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is more particularly adapted for railway purposes, but it is
also applicable in other cases. On a post at the side of the railway, or in any
other convenient position, is mounted an instrument, which I call a clepsydra,
and which consists of two vessels of circular or other convenient form, having
glass sides, and placed one above the other. The vessels are connected by
two tubes, one of which passes from the bottom of the upper vessel to the
bottom of the lower vessel, while the other passes from the top of the lower
vessel to the top of the upper vessel. The lower vessel is filled with a coloured
liquid which is not liable to freeze at the temperature to which it may be
exposed; the upper vessel is empty or full of air. The two vessels being
connected together as aforesaid, are mounted on a pin or axis, which admits
of their position being reversed, so as to bring the lower full vessel into the
highest position. When a train passes the apparatus, this reversal of the
position of the vessels is effected by hand, or by a self-acting mechanism,
actuated by the passing train. The full vessel is thus brought uppermost, and
in front of a lamp or strong light. If a second train follows quickly after the
first train, the driver of the second train is thus warned by the coloured light

page_text: that another train is just before him: As soon as the clepsydra is reversed, as
herein-before mentioned, the liquid begins to flow down one of the tubes into
the lower vessel, while the air passes up the other tube into the upper vessel.
The size of the passages are proportioned according to the time during which
it is required to show the coloured signal. When the coloured liquid has all
run down into the lower vessel the light appears white, or of its natural colour,
and indicates that the line is open. While the liquid is running down, its
level in the upper vessel indicates the time which has elapsed since the
passage of the train. Red, or green, or other coloured liquids may be employed,
and the transparent sides of the vessel may be made flat, or concave, or convex,
and various other modifications may be made, and these signals may be used
alone, or in combination with other signals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Macpherson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August
1857.
I, PETER MACPHERSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid-Lothian, North
Britain, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELED CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of wheeled
carriages of various kinds with low hung bodies. As applied in carts or
waggons to be employed in the transmission of cattle or live stock, the body
or box of the cart or waggon is framed up rectangularly to a sufficient height,
and the wheels are so attached that the bottom of the body but little more
than clears the ground. This is effected by attaching short carrying spindles
one on each side of the body sufficiently high up for the purpose. These
spindles are each held in their proper horizontal and lateral positions by
suitable brackets or fixture pieces, one upon the actual side of the cart body,
and the other upon a longitudinal bar or bearer attached at each end to the
body, but sufficiently far off to admit of the wheel working between the two.
The wheels may either run loose upon their spindles or be fast thereon. The
top and back end of the body are hinged like doors for the convenience of
taking in and discharging the stock.
For vehicles where springs are necessary, a modified arrangement is adopted.
In such cases a separate longitudinal spring is fitted up on each side of the

page_text: wheel, the external spring taking the place of the supporting bar previously
described. These springs are retained at the ends by suitable straps or
connecting pieces, each being attached at its centre to the spindle of the
running wheels. The spindles are each forged with or attached to a long
vertical guide spindle which plays through suitable guide eyes on the body, as
the latter rises and falls upon the springs.
Such carriages or vehicles are applicable for various purposes, not only for
carrying heavy bodies in particular, but also for the ordinary uses of road
conveyance.
AN IMPROVED CORK- HOLDER FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Peddio How at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1857.
I, ANDREW PEDDIE How, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CORK-
HOLDER FOR BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS," be as follows:-
The improved cork-holder consists of a ring of tin (or other metal), which
surrounds the neck of the bottle or other vessel, and has attached to it a loop
of similar material which passes over the top of the cork. The ring is formed
by bending a strip of tin or other metal around the neck of the bottle and
soldering the ends together, and the ends of the loop are connected to the
ring on opposite sides of the same by pins or rivets, upon which the loop is
free to turn, so that it may when required be turned aside to permit of the
withdrawal of the cork.
The improved holder may be applied to bottles and other vessels intended
to contain champagne, soda water, &c. The tendency of the gases generated
from these liquids to force the cork out is resisted by the ring, which is drawn
by the loop tightly against the projection usually formed around the neck of
bottles and other similar vessels.
AN IMPROVED WATER RAM FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Thursfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1857.
I, JOSEPH THURSFIELD, of Congleton, in the County of Chester, Plumber
and Glazier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED WATER RAM FOR RAISING WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining a small vessel or feeder with an ordi-
nary water ram, for the purpose of supplying a feed of pure water from the
ram to a considerable distance and height, notwithstanding the ram is worked
by unclean or foul water from a brook or stream of waste water; or, in other
words, this Invention consists in so constructing a ram as that it shall be
capable of separating pure water from foul or dirty water, the dirty water so
separated being allowed to run to waste during the working of the ram.
The aforesaid small vessel or feeder is furnished with suitable valves and
taps for establishing and shutting off the communication between it and a well,
into which the pure water flows as it is separated from the dirty water, by
passing through a perforated guard or cover attached to the upper part of the
injection pipe through which the dirty water passes.
RECOVERING THE FATTY MATTERS FROM COOM OR DIRTY AXLE-GREASE AND LUBRICATING OILS, THEREBY RENDERING THEM FIT TO BE USED AGAIN
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Moreau at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1857.
I, FELIX MOREAU, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "RECOVERING THE FATTY MATTERS FROM COOM
OR DIRTY AXLE-GREASE AND LUBRICATING OILS, THEREBY RENDERING THEM FIT TO
BE USED AGAIN," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the purification of coom or grease having served
as lubricants for axles and other parts of machinery submitted to friction, which
grease by the friction becomes contaminated, part of the grease uniting with
metallic particles, and thereby forming a sort of metallic soap. To effect the
purification of the dirty grease I use an alkaline solution in such proportion as
to be just sufficient for decomposing the metallic soap contained in the grease,
but not to saponify the remainder of the grease. After the coom has been
boiled with the alkaline solution sufficiently long for effecting the decomposition
of the metallic soap, and transforming the same into an alkaline soap, this
latter being heavier than the molten grease will precipitate, after which the
pure grease may at once be separated therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: 100
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1857.
I, CHARLES WALKER, of New Lanark, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAYS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to the arrangement and working of railways of the
atmospheric class, with a solid tractive or propulsive pipe in place of the usual
slotted or open valved pipe. It is intended for use more especially for branch
lines, and for colliery and general subterranean purposes. The working piston
traversing the pipe is connected to the two ends of a traction chain or rope,
which pass out at the two ends of the pipe, being supported externally along
the entire exterior of the pipe, from end to end in carrying pulleys. In this
way, as the air is pumped out from one end of the tube, the attached chain
draws the train in the contrary direction. In this plan, too, the two principles
of traction by exhaustion and compression may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PER- MANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: Inis invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to Proceea
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William. Henry Barlow and
William Hemingway Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th May 1857.
We, WILLIAM HENRY BARLOW, of Derby, Civil Engineer, and WILLIAM
HEMINGWAY MILLS, of Great George Street, Westminster, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PER-
MANENT WAYS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the permanent ways of
railways. For these purposes cast-iron bearing plates are used, divided longi-
tudinally, and hinged together in such manner that the jaws or projections,
which receive the rails between them, may be allowed to move or open out a
short distance from each other to admit of wood keys, wedges, or filling pieces
being introduced between the jaws or holding projections (formed or fixed on
the upper surfaces of the bearing plates), and the sides of the rails held
between them, whereby, when the wood keys, wedges, or filling pieces shrink
or become loose, the pressure of the passing trains will, by reason of the hinging
of the bearing plates, cause the upper parts of the opposite jaws or holding
projections to come towards each other and clip the rails and filling pieces
tightly between them. In some cases, in place of casting the sleeper in two
main parts, as above explained, the main portion of the sleeper is made in one
casting, and on its upper surface are formed two or more fixed jaws, suitable

page_text: for double-headed rails. A suitable recess is also formed below the bearing head
of the rail to receive wood or other soft elastic material, and in order to sup-
port the other side of the rail, opposite each fixed jaw there is hinged or applied
a moveable jaw, which is held down by a screw bolt or otherwise to the other
or main portion of the sleeper, and the upper surface of each of such hinged
or moveable jaw, as well as of the fixed jaws, comes under the upper head of
the rail, whereby any depression of the rail will, as in the arrangement above
described, tend to make the jaws hold the rail more tightly between them;
and in order to adjust the guage, where tie bars are used across the line of
rails, the tie bars are made with a slot on each of their ends, and the screw
bolts used therewith have inclined sides, so that when such bolts are screwed
up, the inclines act on the ends of the slots in the tie bar, and so set up or
adjust the guage of the parts correctly. In some cases, in place of using tie
bars with slots in their ends, slots are made in the sleepers or bearers, and
bolts are used to the tie bars, such bolts passing through the sleepers or
bearers, and they are made suitable by screw nuts, or otherwise, to be fixed
in any parts of the slots.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TAPER BARS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edwards and Daniel
Rowley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th January 1857.
We, THOMAS EDWARDS, of Brierley Hill, in the County of Stafford, Engine
Fitter, and DANIEL ROWLEY, of Brierley Hill, aforesaid, Roller, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
ROLLING TAPER BARS," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of a pair of cylindrical rolls, the upper one of
which is made to approach to and recede from the lower one in the following
manner: The said upper roll is pressed upwards by means of weights or
springs or otherwise, and made to bear against cambs or excentrics, the said
excentrics acting upon the necks or axes of the rolls. By giving a rotatory
motion to the said excentrics the distance between the rolls may be increased
or diminished, and the bar being rolled by the said rolls tapered at one or both
ends. By giving different speeds to the excentrics different degrees of tapering
may be given to the bars. By arresting the motion of the excentrics at any
point the rolls produce parallel bars. Although we prefer applying the
excentrics to the upper roll, yet they may be applied to the lower roll with
the same or nearly the same effect. The essence of our Invention consists in
the use of excentrics for rolling taper bars, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING, CLEANING, AGITATING, GRINDING, POLISHING, OR MIXING VARIOUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Pilkington and Thomas
Entwisle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th January, 1857.
We, PETER PILKINGTON and THOMAS ENTWISLE, of Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING, CLEANING, AGITATING,
GRINDING, POLISHING, OR MIXING VARIOUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The nature of our said Invention consists in giving to a barrel-shaped vessel,
made of any suitable material, a compound, eccentric, or serpentine and
circular motion, for the purpose of powerfully agitating its contents. The
vessel is placed upon two eccentrics, driven by pullies or toothed gearing,
which give it the eccentric motion, and the gravity of the vessel, aided by the
friction of the eccentrics, cause it to acquire a circular motion, thus efficiently
agitating or changing the position of the contents, and making it peculiarly
adapted for a variety of purposes, as washing barrels, grinding, polishing, and
mixing different materials, &c. The eccentrics are furnished with india-rubber,
hemp, or other desired material, to prevent the excessive jolting of the vessel
and its contents.
The manner in which our said Invention is carried into effect will be

page_text: clearly understood by reference to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings,
and the Figures and letters of reference thereon, in which Fig. 1 is an
elevation of the machine or apparatus, and Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, are views
of detached parts thereof. a represents the driving shaft; b, the pullies; c, the
toothed wheels driving the shafts d, upon which are the eccentrics e, the desired
angles of which are obtained by the sliding plates f; upon the eccentrics we
place the barrel-shaped vessel 9, which has a serpentine or eccentric and
circular motion imparted to it when the machine is put in motion. Ath buffers
are shewn, to prevent the shaking of the vessel sideways.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ACCELERATING TANNING, WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF ACIDS FOREIGN TO THE BARK
Year: 1857

page_text: www
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prix Auguste Théodore Pichon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1857.
I, PRIX AUGUSTE THÉODORE PICHON, of Dijon, France, and of 45, Essex
Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR ACCELERATING TANNING, WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF
ACIDS FOREIGN TO THE BARK," to be as follows, and consists in obtaining at once
from the bark of the oak all the tannin and the gallic acid which it contains.
There is placed into an alembic (for every gallon of water one pound weight of
pulverized bark, and from which I obtain by distillation for every gallon of
water and one pound of bark) about 10ths of a gallon of gallic acid.
The distillation being finished, I take the bark and the water and let them
cool in a tub, the tannin being disengaged from the bark by the effect of the
ebullition; I mix to this decoction the liquid which has been distilled; and I
then put into a soaking tub about 220 gallons of it, so- mixed, for every 40.or
50 calves' skins, or 12 or 15 cows' skins, or 8 or 10 hides.
The calves' skins are soaked as usual, and the cows' skins and hides are
lifted as in the ordinary process.
I lift the calves' skins on bars every day for 4 days, and afterwards let them
lay for 2 days, and lift them every 2 days until the bark is worn out, which
takes place at the end of 10 days. At the expiration of that time the bark is

page_text: taken from the tub, and the water is distilled, with fresh bark, as before men-
tioned, and the skins are again subject to. two similar operations or tubs, which
occupy 20 days (10 days for each operation). At the end of this time (30
days) dried calves' skins of about 3 lbs. weight with the hair thereon are well
tanned. If the calves' skins are larger than the above-named, I subject them
to a fourth operation or tub, or lay them in a pit to soak with the decoction
for 20 days, after which they are perfectly tanned.
As for the cow skins, after 3 operations or tubs they are laid in a pit and
soaked for 40 days; after such time the tanning is complete.
For strong hides, after the above operations or tubs they are placed in a
pit with two powders, and after the expiration of 6 months they are perfectly
tanned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1857.
I, ROBERT CLARK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Bleacher and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE,
APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to the consumption or prevention of smoke in
furnaces of various kinds, by causing the unconsumed gaseous products of
one fire to pass through or over the incandescent fuel in another.
In carrying out this Invention with reference, for instance, to a single
steam boiler, it is preferred to fire the boiler at both ends by two separate
and distinct furnaces. These furnaces are supplied with fresh coal alternately,
and their flues are so fitted up with dampers, that the gaseous currents may
be diverted to follow alternated courses, as may be desired. For example,
when one furnace has been newly fed with coal, the gaseous current of thick
smoke from it is made to traverse through or beneath the boiler, and enter
the other furnace, where the combustible matter is consumed, and the
combined currents then pass through proper flues to reach the chimney.
When there are several boilers working in concert, the plans may be

page_text: variously arranged. Supposing that there are three boilers, one only need
have furnaces in it, one at each end, whilst the other two are entirely heated
by the effect of the combined currents from the furnace boiler. According
to this arrangement, the thick smoke from one furnace is caused to pass
through or beneath the boiler, as before described, so as to reach the furnace,
which is filled with incandescent fuel, and the combined currents are then
directed by adjustable dampers or valves through suitable flues, and through
or beneath the other two boilers, one half of the combined currents going
through or beneath each boiler. Instead of causing the thick smoke to pass
as herein-before described, the converse may be adopted, making the heated
current from the incandescent fuel to pass through or in contact with the
green fuel.
This system is applicable to a great variety of furnaces other than those
appertaining to steam boilers.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOTTLED OR VARIEGATED SOAPS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Horton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1857.
I, THOMAS HORTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOTTLED OR VARIEGATED SOAPS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method or methods herein-after described of
manufacturing mottled or variegated soaps, that is to say, soaps composed of
more than one colour. In carrying my Invention into effect, I take a quan-
tity of soap from the pan in which it is boiled and put it into a vessel prepared
to receive it, the said soap having its natural colour; I then take another
portion of soap from the pan and put it into another vessel, in which said
vessel I colour it with any desired tint or colour by means of colouring matter
suitable for the production of the desired colour; I now run these soaps of
different colours into the frames such as are usually employed for running
soap into. The running of the soap into the frames is effected in such a
manner that a mottled or variegated soap is produced. To effect this object
I use a vessel or apparatus of the following construction:-The said apparatus
consists of a double or divided vessel, into the compartments of which the
several colored soaps are put respectively. The said apparatus has a double

page_text: bottom, through the lower or outer bottom of which the soap is delivered
through a series of holes, the said holes being so connected with the vessels
containing the soap that the alternate perforations deliver soap of different
colours.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PILE-DRIVING MACHINERY
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sissons and Peter White, both of the Borough
of Kingston-upon-Hull, Yorkshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM PILE-DRIVING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 13th November 1857, and dated the 14th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sissons and Peter
White at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th May 1857..
We, WILLIAM SISSONS and PETER WHITE, both of the Borough of Kings-
ton-upon-Hull, Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PILE-DRIVING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved arrangement of machinery for
driving piles where steam is used as a motive power. We attach to an
ordinary pile-driving machine a steam winch worked with one or two
cylinders attached to the raking part of the winch frame and to a spiked
winding barrel. A flat linked chain revolves round the said spiked winding
barrel and a spiked wheel at the top of the pile frame. In order to lift the
monkey or hammer a pair of nippers are attached to the horns of the hammer
which clip a hook into the chain while in motion, and carry up the hammer,

page_text: and these nippers or catches may be struck off at any height either by hand
or by self-acting machinery in order to disengage the hammer.
The Invention also comprises the use of a common instead of a flat linked
chain, working in grooved sheaves on the winding barrel and on the top of
the frame, and by an eccentric and wedges is made to press against the back
of the hammer and thus raise it. The base of the framework of the machine
is placed on wheels, so as to move easily in any required direction, and turns
on a centre pin or axle, so as to bring the frame to any desired angle.
The Invention also comprises an arrangement for pitching the pile by a
common chain working over a sheave fixed on the top of the pile frame, and
attached to the head of the pile and the endless chain, on which, the motion
being reversed, the pile is drawn up. Steam may be supplied from a boiler
at a distance, or from a portable one attached to the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GENERATING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beech at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1857.
I, WILLIAM BEECH, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GENERATING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the employment of an exhauster, which is intended
to act upon and produce a vacuum on one side of a piston working within a
closed cylinder, operating in conjunction with an arrangement of valves and
connections for permitting the free action of the atmospheric column, or of the
expansive force or pressure produced from confined and rarified air or vapour
upon the opposite side thereof.
The mode of applying the Invention consists in employing one or more
cylinders, similar to the cylinders of a steam engine, and such cylinders are
each fitted with one, or it is preferred to use two pistons, working accurately
within them upon a through piston rod. If two pistons be employed, working
within the same cylinder, such cylinder has an air-tight division for the purpose
of dividing its length into two parts, in which case the piston rod will pass
through the said division, and be made air-tight by means of a gland and
packing.

page_text: The exhauster being set to work, a vacuum is formed between one face of a
piston and the cylinder cover or end, whilst the pressure or expansive force is
permitted to act upon the opposite face or side of the piston, whereupon the
piston is caused to move forward rapidly towards the end of the cylinder,
whilst, by means of suitably arranged inlet and outlet valves, the action is
reversed, and thus the end of each piston rod being connected with a crank
upon the motion shaft a rotary motion will be communicated to it.
AN IM- PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1857.
I, WILLIAM BARWELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Metal
Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING METALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method herein-after explained of casting
metals, which said method is especially applicable to the casting of hollow
cylinders of copper, and alloys of copper, but is also applicable to the casting
of other metals and metallic alloys, as well as to the casting of other forms.
I will describe my Invention in its application to the casting of hollow
cylinders of copper or brass, such as are used for the manufacture of tubes and
printing rollers. I make a mould of a suitable form for casting a cylinder, and
I support in the axis of the mould a core or cylinder, and between the interior
of the said mould and the said core the molten metal is poured in the usual
way. I make the said mould of coarse sand mixed with horse dung, or
chopped straw or hay, or other suitable matter, and I make the coro of a
cylinder of the same materials, in the interior of which I prefer inserting a
In order
metallic rod or cylinder for the purpose of strengthening the same.
to make the mould and core more porous, I pick small holes therein.
When

page_text: the molten metal is poured in a mould prepared as described, the air escapes
freely through the pores and perforations in the mould and core, and the
casting produced is sounder than castings obtained by the ordinary method
of casting. The casting is not removed from the mould until it has perfectly
cooled.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PRESSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Casimir Debax-Talabas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1857.
"I, CABIMIR DEBAX-TALABAS, of Castres, a Town of France, Lithographic
Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PRESSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in lithographic printing presses are intended to cause
them to work quicker and thus to lessen the number of motions which the
printer requires to make in printing a sheet, and by this means to obtain about
one-third more printed sheets in a given time, & this is effected without any
extra labour or fatigue being imposed upon him or time required.
With the lithographic press in actual use, seven successive motions are
required to print a sheet, which consist of the following:-1stly, lowering the
moveable frame over the sheet; 2ndly, lowering the squeezing bar holder
(porte-rateau); 3rdly, bearing upon the footboard; 4thly, driving the hand
windlass; 5thly, unhooking the moveable frame; 6thly, raising up the same;
7thly, raising up the squeezing bar holder.
With my improvements, the following movements only are required:-
Firstly, when bearing upon the footboard, the moveable frame and squeezing
bar are both lowered at once.
Secondly, when driving the band windlass the moveable frame is unhooked
at the moment when the stone carriage reaches the end of its useful motion.

page_text: Thirdly, when the foot is lifted from the footboard, tho squeezing bar and
moveable frame are raised up at once by the action of a counterpoise fixed
upon a transverse lever under the main frame of the press.
The annexed Drawing is a side view of my improved press, the main frame
of which is similar to those of the old construction. A is the upper sleeper;
B, B, the legs of the frame; L, printing stone; C, its carriago; P, footboard;
D, main pressure lever; M, windlass, working as usual. The main lever D
catches at t the cranked arm of a spring lever. T, which is moveable around
a fulcrum fixed on the piece I; a transverse lever, which is not shewn upon the
Drawing, hangs upon the end of lever T, and is actuated by lever D, which
brings down the end of the transverse lover, whilst the other end of the
same lever raising a connecting rod hinging with the end of the squeezing
bar F shuts it down on the stone L, together with the moveable frame a, b,
and by turning round the windlass M the strap G brings forward the carriage
C, till the spring i forcing open the hook p', the moveable frame is released
and the counterpoise of the transverse lever causes the frame a, b, and
squeezing bar to rise up, the footboard P being left free at the same time, and
the weight brings back the carriage C to its resting place, and thus enables
it to ink tho stono afresh.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FABRICATION OF GLASS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hippolyte Duhamel, jun", at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
April 1857.
I, HIPPOLYTE DUHAMEL, jun', of Clichy-la-Garenne, near Paris, France,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FABRICATION OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the construction of furnaces for manu-
facturing all descriptions of glass, and consist in having them arranged in such
manner as to do away with the open space which in the glass furnaces
hitherto used exists in the central part of the same between the pots, thereby
obtaining a more useful effect from the fuel. The pots are arranged in such
manner in the furnace as to have their upper ends nearly touch each other;
lateral apertures in the brickwork, to be closed by proper doors, permit of
introducing the pots in the furnace. Each pot stands partly on the seat
and partly on arched vaults situated in the central part of the furnace for
allowing the proper circulation of the flames and distribution of the heat all
around the pots. The furnace is further divided in two parts, or what
might be called separate ovens, each of which has its proper flue, which
contrivance allows of working one half of the pots, viz., those situated in one
oven, during the time the other half, viz., those in the other oven, are heated.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGISTERING THE SPEED AND LEE-WAY OF SHIPS, AND INDICATING THE DISTANCE ACCOMPLISHED
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kemble Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1857.-A communication from the Marine Velocimetre
Company of New York.
I, WILLIAM KEMBLE HALL, Engineer, of 36, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGISTERING THE SPEED AND LEE-WAY
OF SHIPS, AND INDICATING THE DISTANCE ACCOMPLISHED," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a method of arranging apparatus for indicating
and registering the speed of ships and their lee-way, and for indicating the
entire distance accomplished by the vessel through the water. For this purpose
a drag or flap valve is used, which hangs from a box fitted at or near the keel,
and assumes a position more or less inclined in proportion to the resistance of
the water occasioned by the passage of the vessel. The motion of the drag is
communicated by a rod and a rack and pinion to a pointer that indicates on a
suitable dial the speed of the ship, corresponding to the angular position of the
drag. The distance accomplished by the vessel is indicated by means of clock-
work, which at regular intervals causes the speed momentarily indicated to
be progressively registered on an appropriate dial by the motion of a cam.
For the purpose of indicating and registering the lec-way, a wheel with floats.

page_text: or paddles is placed in an opening in the keel, in such a manner that the
passage of the water occasioned by a motion of the ship in a transverse
direction causes the wheel to 'revolve and communicate the desired indi-
cation to a dial by a screw and wheel suitably combined with the apparatus
previously described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PISTOL HOLSTERS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1857.
I, WILLIAM HARDING, of Forest Hill, in the County of Kent, Gunmaker,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PISTOL
HOLSTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in pistol holsters, and
consists in combining with the holster a case for holding cartridges. For this
purpose
I attach to the exterior of the holster, and under the flap thereof, a
plate, to which a series of metal tubes are fixed side by side. These tubes are
made of a size to receive the cartridges, and they have longitudinal slits in
them to facilitate the withdrawal of the cartridges. I have found it con-
venient to make each tube sufficiently long to hold two cartridges, and to
arrange eight of these tubes side by side in the way described, as this is about
the number which can be conveniently covered by the flap of the holster.
AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGISTERING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Fréderic Vasserot, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
July 1857. A communication from F. F. Benvenuti, of Paris, France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AND REGISTERING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS," (a com-
munication from F. F. Benvenuti, of Paris, France,) to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in an apparatus giving the amount or quantity of
liquid which has passed through a given orifice, whatever be the atmospheric
pressure of the fluid, its level, or the form of the pipes through which it
flows.
The liquid enters into the apparatus by means of a pipe connected with the
supply pipe; it flows into a kind of funnel formed by the upper part of a
spiral pipe mounted on an axis; the action of the water passing through the
spiral pipe gives to it a rotatory motion. Around the funnel is a toothed wheel
gearing into another wheel, and this with a third one placed on an axis
rotating in a compartment separated from the spiral pipe by a partition. A
pinion is mounted on this axis, which communicates the movement to the
whole of the wheelwork, which is combined to actuate the hands of three
indices placed outside the apparatus; one indicating the quantity of liquid

page_text: flowing through per minute, the other the quantity per hour, and the other
per diem of 24 hours.
The axis upon which the spiral pipe rotates is furnished with two discs
acting as stoppers, the upper one for preventing the admission of the liquid
into the funnel, and the lower one for stopping the liquid contained in the
spiral pipe. A lever connected with the said axis projects outside the appa-
ratus; the depression of its projecting part allows the admission of the liquid
into the spiral pipe and its flowing out, and by elevating it the supply is
closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING MACHINES, AND IN THE BOBBINS EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND ALSO IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING WITH SUCH BOBBINS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horrocks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1857.
I, JOHN HORROCKS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINDING MACHINES, AND IN THE BOBBINS EMPLOYED THEREIN, AND ALSO IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING WITH SUCH BOBBINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of winding machinery known as "pin
winding machines" employed for winding yarns upon pin bobbins for weaving,
and is designed for the purpose of dispensing with the spindle on which the
bobbin is usually placed in the winding machine, and also the tongue or
spindle in the shuttle employed for the same purpose. The improvements in
the winding machine and bobbin consist in the employment of a solid bobbin,
that is, without the hole through its centre for the spindle, which is driven by
means of a wharve or pulley (supported in suitable bearings), through which
the bobbin passes, the wharve being secured to the said bobbin by means of
an india-rubber or metallic spring (pressing against the sides of the bobbins)
or other substitute, which will allow of the bobbin sliding upwards through
the pulley as the diameter of the bobbin increases with the winding on of the
yarn; thus it will be evident that no spindle will be required, the solid bobbin
being driven by means of the pulley encircling and in contact with it. When

page_text: bobbins thus formed are required to be placed in the shuttle for weaving, I
employ a novel construction of shuttle adapted to such form of bobbin,
having no spindle or tongue, one end of the shuttle being suitably shaped to
receive the end of the bobbin, a pin passing through the end of the bobbin
and the shuttle forming a hinge joint and securing it in the usual position in
the shuttle ready for weaving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS USED IN COAL MINES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Blackett Beaumont at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th March 1857.
I, EDWARD BLACKETT BEAUMONT, of Woodhall, Barnsley, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS AND APPARATUS USED IN COAL MINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps and apparatus used
in coal mines. For these purposes, in constructing miners' lamps, in place of
the flame of a lamp being surrounded by wire gauze, there is a lens employed
on one side, consisting of glass and water, so arranged that should the glass
be broken or cracked in a manner which would, but for the presence of the
water, admit the surrounding gas or atmosphere passing to the flame, the water
shall, on the breaking of the glass, flow to the wick and extinguish the flame.
And in order to indicate at all times the state of the atmosphere in a mine, an
instrument is used, consisting of a light vessel, containing gas lighter than a
like bulk of an atmosphere which is safe to work in such vessel, is connected
to a suitable pointer or indicator in such manner that when the atmosphere
surrounding the instrument becomes unsafe by the admixture of gas, the vessel
of the instrument will no longer be supported by the surrounding atmosphere,
and will by its descent indicate that the atmosphere around the instrument is
not safe to work in.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN HEATING BLAST FOR BLAST FURNACES AND CUPOLAS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cochrane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1857.
I, CHARLES COCHRANE, of the Ormesby Iron Works, Middlesbro'-on-Tees,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
HEATING BLAST FOR BLAST FURNACES AND CUPOLAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in heating blast for blast
furnaces and cupolas. For this purpose the blast of air used is caused partly
to pass through and amongst or in contact with burning coke or other fuel,
and partly to pass to the furnace without so passing through and amongst
burning coke or other fuel. The two currents mix together and form the
desired heated blast. The two currents may be from the same source and at
the same pressure, or the portion of air passing through the burning fuel may
be at a higher pressure than the other portion of the blast.