IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE ENGINES AND PUMPS to be as follows:-
Year: 1885

page_text: I PETER WILLIAM WILLANS of Thames Ditton in the County of Surrey Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSURE ENGINES AND PUMPS to be as follows:-
"
FLUID
In a former Patent granted to me and N 13,769-1884 I described a method
of constructing engines in which the pistons were mounted on tubular piston rods
and in which the admission and discharge of the steam to and from the cylinder
was effected partly by piston valves working in the tubular piston rod and
actuated by the rocking motion of the connecting rod and partly by the closing
of passages in the tubular piston rod by the direct motion of the piston rod or
piston itself.
I described also in combination with the above valve action the direct opening
of ports or passages in the side of the cylinder by which supplementary exhaust.
passages were opened before the end of the effective stroke.
The engines constructed according to my present invention are similar to those
described in my former Patent 13,769 but I do not use the rocking motion of the
connecting rod to actuate the piston valves which work in the tubular rod.
I actuate the piston valves working in the tubular rod by a crank or eccentric
placed on the crank shaft or crank pin.
The motion of the valve in my Patent Nº 13,769–1884 is equivalent to that of
a valve worked by a crank set at right angles to the crank pin but my present
invention permits more latitude in this and the eccentric may be placed in any
convenient position.
If the eccentric be placed on the crank pin it is usually convenient to actuate
the valve directly from it but if it be placed on the shaft itself some arrangement
of levers is usually necessary.
Where the crank or eccentric is on the shaft it may be of dimensions to give a
movement less than the full movement required, the movement being afterwards
increased by leverage.
The arrangements above described are applicable generally where it is desired to
impart motion to a valve which partakes of the movement of the piston of th
engine.
CL------- 1002
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I PETER WILLIAM WILLANS of Thames Ditton in the County of Surrey Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
In a former application for a Patent lodged by me and Nod 13769-1884
I described a method of constructing engines in which the pistons are mounted on
tubular piston rods and in which the admission and discharge of the steam to and
from the cylinder was effected partly by piston valves working in the tubular
piston rod and actuated by the rocking motion of the connecting rod and partly by
the closing of passages in the tubular piston rod by the direct motion of the piston
rod or piston itself.
I described also in combination with the above valve action the direct opening
of ports or passages in the side of the cylinder by which supplementary exhaust
passages were opened before the end of the effective stroke.
The engines constructed according to my present invention are similar to those
described in my former application for a Patent N° 13769-1884 but I do not use
the rocking motion of the connecting rod to actuate the piston valves which work
in the tubular rod.
I actuate the piston valves working in the tubular rod by a crank or eccentric
placed on the crank pin.
Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a single acting engine the piston rod of
which is tubular and has a piston_valve working to and fro within it as described
in my former application for a Patent but in which this piston valve in place of
being moved end wise to and fro within the tubular piston rod by the rocking of
the connecting rod is moved end wise according to my present invention by an
eccentric on the crank pin of the crank shaft of the engine.
Figure 2 shows on a larger scale a section at right angles to Figure 1 through a
portion of the crank axle H and the lower end of the piston valve J.
The drawing shows an engine in which steam is first admitted to a high pressure
cylinder is then exhausted therefrom into a receiving chamber from which it is
admitted to a second and larger cylinder wherein it is allowed to expand and
is then exhausted therefrom-but the same arrangement may be used for moving
the piston valve of other engines of a like kind such for example as the various
engines described in my former application for a Patent or other engines in which
a piston valve working within the interior of a tubular piston rod (which may
itself also form a slide valve) is employed for controlling the admission and escape
of steam from the cylinder or cylinders of the engine.
A is the steam chest to which. steam is admitted continuously. B is the high
pressure cylinder to which steam is admitted from the steam chest A-C is a
receiving chamber into which steam is exhausted from the cylinder B-D is the
low pressure cylinder to which steam is admitted from the receiver C-E is an
annular exhaust chamber into which steam is exhausted from the low pressure
cylinder D, and from which the steam can be conducted away through an
outlet E F is a cylinder in which works a piston fixed on the lower end of the
piston rod it serves as a guide for the lower end of this rod and also to form a
cushion of compressed air on the up stroke which maintains a constant downward
pressure upon the connecting rod and ensures the connecting rod being always

page_text: kept in compression during the up-stroke. Air is for this purpose admitted to the
cylinder through ports Fat the end of each down stroke. Gare connecting rods
coupling the piston on the lower end of the piston rod with the crank of the crank
shaft H of the engine. In the arrangement shown in the drawing two such
connecting rods are used jointed to opposite sides of the piston but a single central
connecting rod may be used in which case the connecting rod employed for moving
the piston valve would be bent or forked so as not to come into contact with the
main connecting rod.
I is the tubular piston rod having fixed to it the pistons which work in the
several cylinders it has ports formed through its sides for controlling the admission
and escape of steam from the cylinders and the intermediate receiver between them
as described in my former application for a Patent. J is the piston valve which
travels to and fro with the piston rod but to which an endway to and fro motion
within this rod is also imparted to open and close the ports in the piston rod-its
lower end has jointed to it a connecting rod K at the lower end of which is a strap
embracing an eccentric L fixed on the centre of the crank pin of the crank
shaft H M M are ports in the sides of the lower ends of the cylinders B and D
past which the pistons of these cylinders travel at the end of their downward
stroke to allow steam to then exhaust from the cylinder as described in my before
mentioned application for Patent.
The crank shaft of the engine revolves in the direction shown by the arrow.
The parts of the engine are shown in the positions they are in when the piston
valve is at the top of its slight endway motion within the tubular piston rod-a
line drawn through the centro of the eccentric and the centre of the crank pin
being then vertical. When the crank pin has been carried round to a corre-
sponding position on the opposite side of the crank shaft the piston valve would be
at the lower end of its travel within the piston rod-this line being then again in
a vertical position.
By varying the position in which the eccentric is set upon the crank pin the
times at which the piston valve is caused to make its endway movements within
the piston rod can be varied and in this way a power of adjusting the times at
which the piston yalve is caused to make its to and fro, endway movements is-
obtained which was not the case in the arrangement described in my former
application for Patent.
In the drawings I have shown the engine as a vertical engine but it is evident
that it might be set horizontally or in other convenient position.
I have also described the engine as it is used for obtaining motive power but it
is also evident that if the crank shaft were driven the engine could be worked as a
pump for compressing air or other elastic fluid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. In fluid pressure engines or pumps the combination of a piston or pistons
working in cylinders and carried by a tubular piston rod-a piston valve capable
of being moved endwise therein an eccentric or crank on the crank pin and a link
from the eccentric or crank to the piston valve.
2. The construction of fluid pressure engines and pumps substantially as herein
before described and illustrated in the drawing annexed.
1008
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.