Year: 1886

page_text: We, WILLIAM DENT PRIESTMAN and SAMUEL PRIESTMAN, of Holderness
Foundry, Hull, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to motor engines operated by the explosion or combustion
of intermittent charges of liquid hydro-carbon held in suspension in atmospheric
air or other gas capable of supporting combustion, the said liquid being in a finely
divided state; and the invention is designed to secure simplicity and compactness
in construction, together with economy and regularity in working.
An engine constructed according to this invention comprises a motor cylinder
fitted with a piston which may be single or double-acting and which is connected
to a crank in the usual manner. With a view to simplifying description, the
engine may for present purposes be regarded as of the single-acting type. From
another crank or disc on the main shaft, or from the motor piston direct, is
operated a pump for compressing the combustible charge supplied to the motor
cylinder. This pump may be single-acting when the motor piston is single-acting;
or it may be arranged on the bucket and plunger principle, the compression of
the combustible charge being in the latter case effected in two stages. The
combustible charge consists of bénzoline or other liquid hydro-carbon, held in
suspension in atmospheric air or other gas capable of supporting combustion; and
our invention relates in part to the means employed for reducing such liquid to a
finely divided condition, as hereinafter more fully described. In the present
instance, it will be assumed that benzoline is the liquid hydro-carbon employed,
and atmospheric air the gas used for supporting its combustion. By the action of
the plunger of the compressing pump before referred to, air, impregnated with
benzoline spray, is drawn into the barrel of the said pump; and, having been
compressed by the return stroke of the plunger, is conveyed past a suitable inlet
valve to the motor cylinder. The inlet valve having closed, the combustible charge
is fired by means of an electric spark, produced at the proper moment within the
cylinder and in the presence of the charge. The charge may, however, be ignited
by means of an incandescent wire, or by flame communicated from the exterior
of the cylinder. The heat resulting froin the combustion of the charge causes the

page_text: gases to expand and to exert pressure upon the piston, which is thereby impelled
through its outstroke; the effort being at the same time communicated to the
crank-shaft. By the momentum of a fly-wheel, the crank subsequently causes
the piston to return to the inner end of the cylinder; the expanded gases or
the greater portion of them being thereby expelled from the cylinder past an
exhaust valve, which is opened by suitably timed mechanism during the return
stroke of the piston. Another charge of the compressed combustible fluid is then
admitted to the cylinder behind the piston, and the action previously described
is repeated; the motor piston thus receiving an impulse at each revolution of the
engine.
In engines operated by the combustion of gases, such combustion taking place in
the motor cylinder, it has been found that the heat evolved on inflammation
seriously interferes with the lubrication, packing and proper working of the
piston; and it is therefore customary to water-jacket the motor cylinder. In con-
junction with such jacket, a tank of water is usually arranged at a higher level and
circulation of the water ensues in the usual manner, the heated water rising from
the water jacket to the tank and colder water returning. In our improved
construction of engine, we dispense with the independent water-tank and substitute
a tank formed in the bed-plate of the engine; a small pump, worked by the
engine, being applied to circulate the water from the tank, so formed or arranged,
through the cylinder-jacket. By this arrangement, greater compactness is secured,
the whole apparatus is self-contained, and the weight of the water enclosed in
the bed-plate is advantageous in respect of affording stability to the engine and
diminishing vibration.
According to an improved method of reducing the benzoline or other liquid
hydro-carbon to a finely divided condition dispersed in air, we subject the two fluids
to repeated mixing processes by means of apparatus of the following description.
In a hollow body, by preference of tubular form, is mounted a diaphragm which
divides the body into two compartments and through which passes a tube the
extremity whereof is contracted and provided with an orifice. This tube is
traversed by a smaller tube the open end of which is located within the contracted
extremity of the first named tube and in close proximity to the orifice in the same.
The smaller tube conveys benzoline, whilst the surrounding tube conducts com-
pressed air supplied to one of the compartments formed by the dividing diaphragm.
The benzoline issuing from the extremity of the small pipe and the air issuing in
an oblique direction from the orifice in the larger pipe, become mixed together, the
liquid being reduced to a finely divided state. This mixture is collected in a
chamber projecting from one side of the diaphragm and enclosing the mixing
nozzle already described. The outlet from this chamber is formed with a con-
tracted neck and terminates in a nozzle immediately against an orifice whence
another body of compressed air issues from the outer of the two compartments
formed by the dividing diaphragm. The mixture of benzoline and air originally
formed and the additional stream of air last referred to, the latter being directed
obliquely across the former, undergo a similar mixing process to that previously
described; the liquid becoming further broken up in the operation and finally
reduced to a state of minute subdivision.
In some instances, we place the passages for conducting air to the respective
sides of the diaphragm in communication with a valve which may be under the
control of a governor worked by the engine. When so arranged, the action of the
governor may be employed to regulate the admission of air to either or both of
the passages, or to vary the proportion between the quantities of air admitted to
the primary and secondary mixing nozzles respectively and thus to render the
final mixture richer or poorer in hydro-carbon.
As means for controlling the speed of an engine of the kind herein referred to
and regulating the supply of the motive agent in relation to the power required to
be developed, we employ a centrifugal or other governor of known type and com-
municate the motion imparted to its spindle upon a change of speed taking place

page_text: to an escape-valve located in the pipe connecting the auxiliary air-compressing
pump with the benzoline-tank. When the engine is running at or below its
normal speed, the escape-valve is closed and the whole of the compressed air
delivered by the auxiliary pump is conveyed to the benzoline-tank. When, owing
to a diminution of the load, the speed of the engine exceeds that desired, the
governor causes the escape-valve to open and to permit a portion of the compressed
air to be discharged into the atmosphere instead of being forced into the benzoline-
tank, the delivery of benzoline from the latter being in consequence diminished
and the charge of inflammable mixture supplied to the motor cylinder rendered less
effective.
For starting engines of the kind herein referred to, we provide the fly-wheel with
a handle capable of being folded against the side of the wheel when the engine has
acquired motive power. For this purpose, one of the spokes of the fly-wheel is
furnished with a laterally projecting stud surrounded by a spiral spring and
carrying at its outer extremity a pin upon which the handle is mounted. The
pivoted end or boss of the handle is formed with square shoulders and flat faces,
against which latter a washer is pressed by the spiral spring; the effort of the
spring being exerted to maintain the handle either extended at right angles to the
plane of the fly-wheel or folded parallel therewith, according to whether one or
another of the flat faces of the boss be in contact with the spring-supported washer.
According to an alternative mode of effecting the same object, we apply a crank-
handle to the main shaft, and for driving purposes connect same with the shaft
through a clutch of special construction. Such a clutch consists of two parts, one
being formed on the boss of the crank-handle and the other on the boss of the fly-
wheel or on some other body secured to the shaft. Each part has a projection or
projections of a corresponding character; the front or driving faces of these being
radial with the shaft whilst their sides are inclined. A crank-handle provided with
an engaging clutch of this kind is only capable of use for producing rotative
motion in one direction. On the engine acquiring motive power, the half clutch on
the engine shaft overtakes the half clutch appertaining to the crank-handle; and
the inclined surface or surfaces of the former acting in a lateral direction upon the
similar surface or surfaces of the latter, the handle is moved longitudinally upon
the shaft and ceases to gear with the fly-wheel or other body secured to the shaft
and which it previously operated. Such a crank-handle may remain upon the
shaft without being rotated by it; or may be removed therefrom if the extremity
of the shaft be free.

page_text: We, WILLIAM DENT PRIESTMAN and SAMUEL PRIESTMAN, of Holderness Foundry,
Hull, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to motor engines operated by the explosion or combustion
of intermittent charges of liquid hydrocarbon held in suspension in atmospheric air
or other gas capable of supporting combustion, the said liquid being in a finely
divided state; and the invention is designed to secure simplicity in construction,
together with economy and regularity in working.
An engine constructed according to this invention is represented in Figures 1, 2
and 3, of the accompanying drawings; whereof Figure 1 is a longitudinal section,
Figure 2 a plan and Figure 3 an end elevation. It comprises a motor-cylinder a
fitted with a piston which may be single or double acting and which is connected
to a crank b in the usual manner. With a view to simplifying description, the
engine may for present purposes be regarded as of the single acting type. From
another crank 6¹ or disc on the main shaft or from the motor-piston direct is
operated a pump o for compressing the combustible charge supplied to the motor-
cylinder. The pump c may be single acting when the motor-piston is single
acting, or may be arranged on the bucket and plunger principle, the compression
of the combustible charge being in the latter case effected in two stages. The
combustible charge consists of benzoline or other liquid hydrocarbon held in
suspension in atmospheric air or other gas capable of supporting combustion; and
our invention relates in part to the means employed for reducing such liquid to a
finely divided condition, as hereinafter more fully described. In the present
instance, it will be assumed that benzoline is the liquid hydrocarbon employed and
atmospheric air the gas used for supporting its combustion. By the action of the
plunger of the compressing pump c, air impregnated with benzoline is drawn from
the chamber d into the barrel of the said pump, and, having been compressed by
the return stroke of the plunger, is conveyed, past a suitable inlet-valve e¹ mounted
in the valve-chest to the motor-cylinder a. The inlet-valve e¹ having closed, the
combustible charge is fired by means of an electric spark produced at the proper
moment within the cylinder and in the presence of the charge; or ignition thereof
may be effected by means of an incandescent wire or by flame communicated from
the exterior of the cylinder. The heat resulting from the combustion of the
charge causes the gases to expand and to exert pressure upon the piston which is
thereby impelled through its outstroke; the effort being at the same time com-
municated to the crank-shaft. By the momentum of a fly-wheel f, the crank
subsequently causes the piston to return to the inner end of the cylinder; the
expanded gases or the greater portion of them being thereby expelled from the
cylinder past an exhaust-valve e³ mounted in the valve-chest e and opened during

page_text: are
the return stroke of the piston by means of suitably timed mechanism. In the
design constituting the present illustration, the inlet and exhaust-valves e¹
respectively operated by means of levers g¹ g* actuated by cams h¹h mounted
upon and revolving with the shaft h, the latter receiving motion from the crank-
shaft through a pair of mitre wheels. Upon another charge of the compressed
combustible fluid having been admitted to the cylinder behind the piston and
ignited, the action previously described is repeated, the motor-piston thus receiving
impulse at each revolution of the engine.
an
In engines operated by the combustion of gases, such combustion taking place
in the motor-cylinder, it has been found that the heat evolved on inflammation
seriously interferes with the lubrication, packing and proper working of the
piston; and it is, therefore, customary to water-jacket the motor-cylinder. In
conjunction with such jacket, a tank of water is usually arranged at a higher level,
and circulation of the water ensues in the usual manner; the heated water rising
from the water-jacket to the tank and colder water returning.
In our improved construction of engine, we dispense with the independent
water-tank and substitute a tank formed in the bed-plate of the engine as repre-
sented at j, Figure 1; or the tank may, if preferred, be separately constructed,
placed beneath and attached to the bed-plate. A small pump, such as k, worked
by the engine, in the present instance, an eccentric k mounted upon the shaft h
is employed for the purpose-circulates the water from the tank so formed or
arranged through the cylinder-jacket. By this arrangement greater compactness is
secured, the whole apparatus is self-contained and the weight of the water enclosed
in the bed-plate or in the tank attached thereto is advantageous in respect of
affording increased stability to the engine and diminishing vibration...
As means for controlling the speed of an engine of the kind berein referred to
and regulating the supply of the motive agent in relation to the power required to
be developed, we employ a centrifugal or other governor of known type and
communicate the motion imparted to its spindle, upon a change of speed taking
place, to an escape-valve located in the pipe connecting the auxiliary air-com-
pressing-pump with the benzoline-tank. The general arrangement of these parts
is represented in Figure 1, in which is the governor and the spindle, the latter
being attached to and operating a vibrating lever *; m is the benzoline-tank,
d the vapour-chamber and n the spray-producer; the latter being supplied with
air and benzoline respectively by the pipes n¹ n³ communicating with the upper
and lower portions of the tank m. o is the auxiliary air-compressing-pump worked.
from an eccentric p on the main shaft and delivering compressed air to the benzoline-
tank m. Instead of mounting the escape-valve upon the pipe connecting the pump o
with the tank m, it is more convenient in some instances to mount the said valve
upon the tank itself, as affording greater firmness of construction. The latter
arrangement is represented in and will be readily understood from the enlarged
detail view Figure 4. When the engine is running at or below its normal speed,
the escape-valve q is closed and the whole of the compressed air delivered by the
auxiliary pump o is conveyed to and retained in the benzoline-tank m.
When,
owing to a diminution of the load, the speed of the engine exceeds that desired,
the governor-spindle is depressed and the long arm of the lever permitted to
rise the tension of the spiral spring q¹ being thereby moderated. The escape-
valve q is thereupon allowed to lift and to release a portion of the compressed air.
stored in the upper portion of the tank m; the delivery of benzoline from the.
lower portion of the same vessel being in consequence diminished in proportion
to the reduction of pressure which ensues. The charge of inflammable mixture
supplied to the motor-cylinder is thus rendered less effective.
:
According to an improved method of reducing the benzoline or other liquid.
hydrocarbon to a finely divided condition dispersed in air, we subject the two fluids
to repeated mixing processes by means of apparatus of the character represented in
the longitudinal and transverse sections Figures 5 and 6. .This apparatus comprissa

page_text: a hollow body o¹, by preference of tubular form, provided with a diaphragm o
which divides the body into two compartments o o'. Through the diaphragm
passes a tube o, the extremity whereof is contracted in the form of a blunt cone
and perforated. The tube o is traversed by a smaller tube 08, the open end of
which is located within the contracted extremity of the tube .o and in close
proximity to the orifice in the latter. The tube of conveys benzoline, whilst the
surrounding tube o conducts compressed air supplied to the compartment o³. The
benzoline issuing from the extremity of the small tube of and the air issuing in an
oblique direction from the orifice in the larger pipe o become mixed together, the
liquid being reduced to a finely divided state. This mixture is collected in a
chamber o projecting from one side of the diaphragm o' and enclosing the mixing
nozzle o o already described. The outlet from the chamber o7 is formed with a
contracted neck and terminates in a nozzle o immediately against an orifice o°
whence another body of compressed air issues from the compartment of. The
mixture of benzoline and air originally formed and the additional stream of air
last referred to, the latter being directed obliquely across the former, undergo,
whilst issuing from the orifice o³, a similar mixing process to that which takes
place at the escape orifice of the tube o³; the liquid becoming further broken up
in the operation and finally reduced to a state of minute subdivision.
The passages for conducting air to the respective sides of the diaphragm o³ may
be under the control of a valve adapted for manual adjustment; or the controlling
valve may be connected with the governor and worked automatically. In Figures 5
and 6, o¹ is the regulating valve, o¹¹ the air-inlet communicating through the valve
with two branches o" and os leading to the respective compartments o³ of. Upon
the valve o¹º being moved longitudinally, either by hand or by the action of the
governor, the proportion between the quantities of air admitted respectively by
way of the passages o¹³ o¹³ to the compartments o* of and thus to the primary and
secondary mixing nozzles is varied, the final mixture being accordingly rendered
either richer or poorer in hydrocarbon.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :
-
First: In a motor engine operated by the combustion of hydrocarbon vapour
and in which the temperature of the motor-cylinder is controlled by means of a
water-jacket or its equivalent, forming the water-tank in the bed-plate of the
engine or arranging same beneath the bed-plate and attaching it thereto, substan-
tially as and for the purposes herein described.
Secondly:-In a motor engine operated by the combustion of hydrocarbon
vapour, the combination with a water-jacketted cylinder of a water-tank formed
in or arranged beneath the bed-plate of the engine and a circulating pump actuated
by the engine and operating to produce a constant flow of the cooling agent through
the cylinder-jacket.
Thirdly: In a motor engine operated by the combustion of hydrocarbon vapour,
the improved means, substantially as described with reference to Figure 4, for
automatically controlling the speed thereof; the same comprising a loaded escape-
valve applied to the upper portion of the benzoline-reservoir or to a pipe commu-
nicating therewith and so connected with the governor that when the speed of the
engine becomes excessive the load on the valve is lessened, air is permitted to
escape from the reservoir, diminishing the pressure therein, and the delivery of the
liquid hydrocarbon therefrom is reduced in quantity.
Fourthly In a motor engine operated by the combustion of hydrocarbon
vapour, the improved method of and means for reducing the liquid hydrocarbon to
a finely divided state dispersed in air, substantially as described with reference to
Figures 5 and 6; such method consisting of forming a mixture of liquid hydro-
carbon and air. and subjecting the same to a second mixing process with an
additional quantity of air,

page_text: Fifthly In a motor engine operated by the combustion of hydrocarbon vapour,
the improved method of and means for manually or automatically controlling the
speed thereof, substantially as herein described; such method consisting of varying
the proportion of the air charges employed. respectively in the first and second
mixing processes referred to in the last preceding claim, whereby the ultimate
mixture is rendered richer or poorer in hydrocarbon.
DL: 10th
11000