IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1886

page_text: We JOHN GREAVES HAWKINS, Gas Engineer GEORGE EDWARD SCARBOROUGH,
Mining Engineer, and THOMAS HENRY EAUDE, Agent, all of Wigan, in the County
of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SAFETY LAMPS," and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying drawing and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
The object of this invention is the construction of safety lamps in such a manner
that while offering much greater security against the danger of explosion than
ordinary lamps afford, the light in proportion to the size of the wick and quantity
of oil consumed is considerably increased.
The invention consists in surrounding the oil reservoir A with a casing B and C,
the latter part being kept apart from the former by pillars, standards, or distance
rods D, D. This casing C has a number of holes round round its circumference
at E and F, those at E being for the admission of air to the burner, and those at F
for the exit of the products of combustion. The casing C is surmounted by a
cover G and ring H. Within the casing C there is an interior lining I, the space
between it and C forming an air conduit X, with a number of holes round the
circumference at J, which serve as passages for the air to the cooling chamber K.-
L, L, are two wire gauze diaphragms that separate the cooling chamber K from
the combustion chamber M in which the burner N is placed. The burner is
surrounded by a wire gauze cylinder ◇ and cap or air deflector and gallery P.
The latter serves to support a chimney R made of mica, tale glass or other suitable
transparent material, but may be used without this chimney and wire gauze
cylinder if preferred.-The top of the chimney R enters a chimney S of the form
shown, and abuts against a flange Y. Over this chimney there are two wire gauze
diaphragms T, T, which separate the chimney from the chamber U.-V is an outer
glass cylinder through which the light is transmitted. All the joints of the lamp
are made to abut upon each other and are provided with asbestos ring packings
as at W.
The action of the apparatus is as follows. The reservoir being supplied with oil
and the wick lighted, the air enters through the holes E, passes up the conduit X
and enters the cooling chamber K by the holes J. This cooling chamber answers

page_text: both the purposes of heating and cooling, that is to say, the entering air is heated
by contact and proximity to the chimney S and is thus fitted for supporting more
vivid combustion than if the air arrived at its normal temperature, while at the
same time the cool air entering K and impinging upon S lowers the temperature of
the products of combustion and conduces greatly to the safety of the lamp, which
is still further increased by the insertion of the two wire gauze diaphragins T, T,
and the chamber U.-The air after entering M flows through the wire gauze
cylinder, if such is used, to the burner, the products passing up R and S
through T, T into U, and out by the holes F-It is to be observed that the sizes of
the openings, conduits, and chambers must all be formed in proportion to the size
of the burner, the object being to ensure a steady inflow of air, and to prevent
any undue rush of the saine to the burner, or violent exit of the products of
combustion.
By constructing lamps in this way more light is obtained and the safety greatly
increased.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is,
The construction of safety lamps as herein described and shown on the drawing.