IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS"
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Salkeld Borradaile of 7 Union Court Old Broad
Street in the City of London Accountant and Edward John Cowling Welch
of Palace Chambers St. Stephen's Westminster Civil Engineer for an invention
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Salkeld Borradaile of 7 Union Court Old Broad
Street in the City of London Accountant and Edward John Cowling Welch
of Palace Chambers St. Stephen's Westminster Civil Engineer for an invention
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW
OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS"
ΟΙ
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Salkeld
Borradaile and Edward John Cowling Welch at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 9th May 1882.
THOMAS SALKELD BORRADAILE of 7. Union Court Old Broad Street in the City
of London Accountant and EDWARD JOHN COWLING WELCH of Palace Chambers
St. Stephens Westminster Civil Engineer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING
AND CONTROLLING THE FLOW OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS."
Our Invention consists of an improved Apparatus for regulating and controlling
the flow of water or other fluids through pipes or similar channels. This we do
by causing the fluid to pass through an orifice or series of orifices, of a given area,
and in order that the flow of the fluid may not be affected by any change of
pressure in the supply we construct the Apparatus so that whatever this pressure
may be, the pressures on either side of the controlling orifice or orifices shall have
a constant difference and therefore the effective pressure by which the fluid is
driven through the controlling orifice or orifices shall be constant and the flow of
the fluid becomes necessarily constant also.
To carry this into effect we have a Chamber divided into two parts by a flexible
diaphragm suitably weighted or we have a Cylinder in which there slides freely
& piston dividing it into two parts. Into the one part the fluid is admitted from
the Main or other source of supply, and from the other it is delivered at the
required rate of flow through a Valve or its equivalent controlled by the Motion of
the diaphragm or piston of which latter it may even form a part-Between the
Price G

page_text: two portions of the Cylinder on either side of the Piston or diaphragn free com-
munication of a definite area is established either by a passage or passages through
the diaphragm or piston itself or outside the bore of the Cylinder; or between the
piston itself and the Cylinder, or all or any in combination. And it is this passage,
or these passages, as the case may be which form the controlling Orifice, or
Orifices, through which the fluid will pass at a constant pressure. This pressure
is dependent entirely upon the force with which the piston or diaphragmn resists
being driven towards the outlet end of the Cylinder either simply by its own
weight if the Apparatus be so placed or by a dead weight or Spring or other
equivalent means.
The diaphragm or piston therefore assumes a position of Equilibrium when the
pressure of the fluid on the outlet side acting upon the area of the diaphragm or
piston, added to the force with which the piston or diaphragm itself is pressed
towards the inlet side by its own weight or otherwise exactly counterbalances the
pressure of the fluid acting upon the piston or diaphragm on the inlet side.
The pressure of the fluid therefore at the outlet end of the Cylinder or Chamber
is at all times as much less than that at the inlet end as is represented by the force
with which the piston or diaphragm is pressed towards the inlet end of the
Cylinder, either by its own weight or otherwise. This force being constant the
difference between the pressures on the two sides of the piston or diaphragm and
hence at the two ends of the controlling Orifice, or Orifices, is also constant. And
this constant difference is maintained by the operation of the outlet valve already
referred to and which is so actuated by the motion of the diaphragm or piston
that it reduces the outlet as the piston approaches the outlet end of the Cylinder
and vice versa. The flow of the fluid through the apparatus is therefore indirect
proportion to the area of the Orifice or Orifices, forming the communication between
the ends of the Cylinder on either side of the Piston or diaphragm and to the force
with which the piston or diaphragm is pressed towards the inlet end of the
Cylinder or Chamber either by its own weight or otherwise. By varying either
of these therefore the delivery of the regulator can be varied, for the purpose of
adjustment or otherwise.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Salkeld Borradaile and Edward John Cowling Welch
in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 9th November 1882.
THOMAS SALKELD BORRADAILE of 7 Union Court Old Broad Street in the City
of London Accountant and EDWARD JOHN COWLING WELCH of Palace Chambers
St. Stephens Westminster Civil Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATORS FOR
WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS"
Our Invention consists of an improved Apparatus for regulating and controlling
the flow of Water or other fluids through pipes or similar channels. This we do by
causing the fluid to pass through an Orifice or series of Orifices of a given area, and
in order that the flow of the fluid may not be effected by any change of pressure in
the supply, We construct the Apparatus so that whatever this pressure may be,
the pressures on either side of the controlling Orifice or Orifices shall have a
constant difference, and therefore the effective pressure by which the fluid is driven
through the controlling Orifice or Orifices, shall be constant, and the flow of the
fluid becomes necessarily constant also.
To carry this into effect we have a Chamber divided into two parts by a flexible
diaphragm, suitably weighted, or we have a Cylinder, in which there slides freely
a piston dividing it into two parts. Into the one part the fluid is admitted from
the main or other source of supply and from the other it is delivered at the required
rate of flow through a valve or its equivalent controlled by the motion of the
diaphragm or piston of which it may even forma part. Between the two portions
of the Cylinder on either side of the Piston or diaphragm free communication of a
definite area is established either by a passage or passages through the piston or
diaphragm itself or outside the bore of the Cylinder; or between the piston itself
and the Cylinder or all or any in combination. And it is this passage or these
passages, as the case may be, which form the controlling Orifice or Orifices through
which the fluid will pass at a constant pressure. This pressure is dependent
entirely upon the force with which the piston or diaphragm resists being driven
towards the outlet end of the Cylinder either simply by its own weight if the
apparatus be so placed or by a Spring or other equivalent means.
The Piston or diaphragm therefore assumes a position of equilibrium when the
pressure of the fluid on the outlet side, acting upon the area of the piston or
diaphragm added to the force with which the Piston or diaphragm itself is pressed
towards the inlet side by its own weight or otherwise exactly counterbalances the
pressure of the fluid acting upon the Piston or diaphragm on the inlet side. The
pressure of the fluid therefore at the outlet end of the Cylinder is at all times as
much less than that at the inlet end as is represented by the force with which the
Piston or diaphragm is pressed towards the inlet end of the Cylinder either by its
own weight or otherwise. This force being constant the difference between the
pressures on the two sides of the Piston or diaphragm and hence at the two ends of
the controlling Orifice, or Orifices, is also constant. And this constant difference
is maintained by the operation of the outlet Valve or its equivalent already referred
to and which is so actuated by the motion of the diaphragm or piston that it
reduces the outlet as the piston approaches the outlet end of the Cylinder and
vice versa. The flow of the fluid through the Apparatus is therefore in direct
proportion to the Area of the Orifice, or Orifices, forming the Communication
between the ends of the Cylinder on either side of the Piston or diaphragm and to
the force with which the Piston or diaphragmn is pressed towards the inlet end of
the Cylinder, either by its own weight or otherwise. By varying either of these

page_text: therefore the delivery of the regulator can be varied for the purpose of adjustment
or otherwise.
The Drawing illustrates two forms of the Apparatus, and in which by preference
the Piston has a vertical motion. In Fig: 1, a. a. is the body or casing, b the
inlet for the fluid whose flow has to be controlled and c, the outlet, d. d. is a Piston
working in a bore or Cylinder having Communication with the inlet passage b' b¹
at one end, and with the outlet passage c¹ el at the other. The bore e. through the
The small
middle of the piston is in this case the controlling Orifice or passage.
grooves in the piston itself are to receive any small particles of dirt, which might
otherwise jam the Piston.
In the present case the Piston itself also forms the outlet checking Valve; for,
as it rises, it closes the outlet orifice c¹ c¹ and checks the outward flow of the fluid
thus causing the pressure above the Piston to be maintained at the same amount
as that below it; less an amount due to the weight of the Piston itself; and this
being constant the difference of the pressures at b¹ b' and c' c¹ is constant also, and
the Water flows through the controlling Orifice e. at a constant velocity. The Area
of this Orifice must of course depend upon the quantity of fluid intended to be
passed, within the limits of the size of the Apparatus, and upon the weight of the
Piston or the force with which its motion is otherwise resisted, whether by a
Supplemental weight, Spring or other equivalent means.
Figs. 2 and 3 shew a modified form of the Apparatus. In Fig: 3 the Piston is
shewn in an intermediate position such as it would assume when at work, and in
Fig 2 the Piston is shewn at the bottom of the little Cylinder where it would be
standing when the supply of Water or other fluid was either altogether shut off, or
at any rate reduced below the amount the apparatus was adjusted to pass.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of our said Invention and
the means whereby the same may be carried into effect we would remark in
conclusion that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details as herein set forth
and indicated in the accompanying Drawing or description but that we claim the
arrangement of Apparatus substantially as, and for the purposes herein set forth
and indicated.
In Witness whereof I the said Edward John Cowling Welch have hereunto
set my hand and Seal this ninth day of November in the Year of our