Improvements in Machinery for Drying and Polishing Cord, Yarn, or Fabrics.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Drying and Polishing Cord, Yarn,
or Fabrics.
We, CHARLES SCHRADER, of 2215, Ohio Avenue, Cincinnati, Hamilton County,
Ohio, and Joux OVERMAN, a residient of the City of Covington, Kenton County,
Kentucky, Manufacturers, and Citizens of the United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our improvements are advantageous for drying cord, twine, yarn and the like,
when the same is for any reason moist or wet.
The improvements are advantageous for drying cord, twine, yarn and the
like when the latter has received a paste which has been applied thereto as a
coating, or has also been incorporated with the cord itself. The primary object
of our invention is to dry cord or twine to which paste or the like moisture has
been applied,
The invention relates particularly first to novel and exceedingly useful im-
provements in the drying cylinder or cylinders and secondly to the combination
of the same with the rubbing or polishing rollers.
The several features of our invention and the various advantages resulting
from their use conjointly or otherwise will be apparent from the following
description and claims.
In the accompanying drawings, making part of this application, and in which
similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts,-
Figure 1 is a vertical elevation of certain mechanism illustrating our invention.
A portion of the paste pan and certain rolls in proximity thereto are shown in
vertical transverse section.
Figure 2 is a view illustrating the parts of the drying cylinder, their con-
struction, mode of combination and the supporting actuating shaft thereof. This
view is partly in elevation and partly in section.
Figure 3 is a detail showing modifications of certain features of our invention.
the tubing and conecting pipes being shown partly in solid and partly in dotted
lines, and the supporting disc being shown partly in section.
Figure 4 is a partial side elevation of the machine showing the means for
driving the shafts on the polishing rolls.
The application of paste, or an equivalent substance, or moisture to cord or
twine, and the like, has been in use for a long time. So also the application of
heat to the cord or twine, to properly dry the cord or twine after the latter has
received the application of paste is quite old.
In the remainder of this application, for economy of description, the term
"cord" when used is to be understood to include the terms twine, string, varn
and the like. The term yarn not only means what is commonly known as varn,
but in the technical language of twine manufacture means a twine of a single
strand

page_text: We have been accustomed, in our manufacture of cord, which is to receive an
application of paste to treat the same generally as follows. The cord is drawn
from the bobbin and duly passed through one or more baths of liquid paste or
equivalent substance, in connection with devices for incorporating the paste into
the texture or body of the cord and after the paste has been thoroughly applied
to the cord, the latter is wound onto revolving drums, filled with heated air or
steam. By them it is duly dried and while thus moving upon and around the
two drums, we are accustomed to polish it by means of rubbing rollers suitably
located, and rapidly revolving. After being dried and polished, the finished
twine is wound onto the receiving bobbin. Thus the operation is completed.
Heretofore we have been accustomed to make each of the drums as follows:
We provided discs and fastened them to a shaft concentric therewith. Then we
covered these discs with a sheet metal (iron) envelope, thus securing a hollow
cylinder. Means for duly admitting steam to one end of the cylinder and for
allowing it to escape as desired from the other end of the latter, were present, and
the cylinder was heated thereby.
Our improvements are as follows: We provide a shaft A. Upon this are
mounted dises B. The preferred mode of mounting them is by means of collars
or hubs B2, the shaft being passed through the disc and collar. Each disc is
duly fixed to the shaft by key or feather, or set screw B³, preferably the latter
passing through the collar, and screwed against the shaft A. The discs are con-
centric with the shaft. In each end disc there are perforations B, lying near the
peripheral edge of the disc, and in a circle described from the center of the disc.
Through the corresponding perforations of opposite end dises passes a pipe C.
Then this pipe at one end bends back and passes through the next perforation
in the same disc, and then extending to the opposite end disc passes through the
adjacent perforations, then it curves forward and back and enters the next perfora-
tion; and then returns to and passes through the next perforation in the disc,
and thus continues to do, until it has successively entered all of the perforations
of the end discs. It thus becomes, so far as its construction is concerned, a
hollow rod, tube or piping, winding back and forth after the manner of a worm.
At the same time its straight lengths between the discs, constitute, in com-
bination with the disc a hollow cylindrical body, whose peripheral portion con-
sists of hollow rods, or pipes. This piping is utilized for drying the cord. Steam,
or hot air, or other hot gas, or a hot liquid, is fed into one end of this pipe coil,
and allowed to escape at the other end. Such admission of the heating fluid to
the coil, and discharge therefrom, are to be made in such a manner as not to
interfere with the proper rotation of the cylinder.
A preferred means of such admission and discharge is as follows:-One end of
the shaft is hollow for a given distance, forming a tubular passage D. This
passage is then contracted to about the diameter of the tubing C. One end of
the latter is extended down by a tubular extension B as shown, and is at the
shaft duly connected with the contracted portion of this passage D. This con-
stitutes the admission inlet. The stationary pipe for conveying the hot fluid to
the tubing is duly connected to passage D, by a coupling (forms of which are
well known) which latter allow the shaft to revolve and receive the hot fluid,
and yet prevents the latter from escaping at said coupling or joint. The other
end of the shaft is hollow for a given distance, forming a tubular passage E.
This passage is then contracted to about the diameter of the tubing C. The
opposite end of the tubing C is connected to the contracted end of this passage E.
Through the latter the fluid passing through the tubing C discharges into the
open air, or into a suitable tubular connection for carrying it farther away from
the machine before it can discharge. Should the fluid passing through the
tubing C be a gas, it may exit, if desired, at the end of such tubing without
passing through such shaft.
There is preferably present a valve V, for regulating the flow of the heating
fluid through the tubing C. This valve may be located at any proper and con-

page_text: venient place, in the inlet conduit or in the tubing C, but is preferably located
in the discharge pipe B, as shown in Figure 2.
The tubing C may be in a continuous piece or pieces suitably united. The
bends C of the tubing C may be integral with the tubing, and bent therewith.
The preferred mode of making them and of connecting them to other portions of
the tubing is as follows. Each bend C2 is formed in substantially a semicircle
and in each end portion of the bend there is cut a female screw thread. On each
end portion of the straight portions of the tubing is cut a male screw. These
straight portions of the tubing extend through the perforations 13*, and their ends
extend out beyond the outer sides of the disc, and are there screwed to the bends.
Thus is formed a strong, compact and economical and useful cylinder. It will
be understood that the bends C can be united to the straight portions of the
tubing, otherwise than as described. For instance, by what are known as pipe
The
couplings, of which latter there are many kinds publicly known and in use.
straight portions may be connected at their end portions (preserving the worm-
like circulatory form) otherwise than as shown. One such modified plan of con-
nection would be to head up the ends of the straight portions and connect the
pipes by suitable connections J. or the like, at a point inside the disc, sub-
stantially as shown in Figure 3. But the construction heretofore described is
the preferred one.
The mode in which our invention operates will be no double already understood.
Although only one of the drying cylinders might be employed, by proper
collocation thereof and of the accompanying mechanism, it is nevertheless desir-
able to operate with two of them. Then there will be present one or more suit-
able paste pans F, and rollers G or like means for thoroughly incorporating the
paste with the texture or body of the cord. In the present illustrative instance,
the cord after having been passed down into the paste passes between the rollers G.
The latter are heavy, and usually of copper to prevent undue oxydation. The
upper roller is free to move up or down, as its journals are in vertically slotted
bearings (not shown, but sufficiently understood, because of a common con-
struction. The weight of the upper roller G causes the cord to be compressed
between it and the under roller. Thus the paste is pressed into the cord. The
cord then passes up and over a guide H, preferably a roller, and thence suitably
guided passes to the revolving cylinder K (already described), and thence passes
up and around the upper cylinder K (likewise already described), and thence
down around the lower cylinder and thence up and around the upper cylinder.
The cord is thus wound around these two cylinders as many times as desired.
The number of such windings may depend upon the thickness of the cord, or
the amount of heat emanating from the tubing C, or the character of the paste
or like material employed, or upon two or all of these conditions. Some pastes
or moistures by reason of their nature require more time and heat than others for
drying. After the cord has been fully dried, it is wound off the cylinders onto
suitable bobbins M.
As we desire the processes of rubbing and polishing of the cord to take place
simultaneously with the drying of the same we have the cord as wound around
the cylinders, as it passes from cylinder to cylinder to pass between the rubbing
rollers N, N, one pair of which is located at one side. so as to operate on the cord
passing up and around the copper cylinder, and the other pair to operate on the
cord, on the other side, as it passes down and around under the lower cylinder.
In each instance, the cord passes between the rubbing rollers of a given pair,
and these rollers always travel in a direction the opposite to that in which the
cord is moving. The number of pairs of these rollers to be employed is optional.
The rollers are preferably adjustable to or from the common plane of the axis of
the cylinder, and are usually so adjusted as to cause the cord to bend over one
and back over the other substantially as shown, thus creating a sufficient friction
between the rollers and cord, to enable the rollers to rub down the wet or moist
paste and fiber of the cord, and finally to polish the same. A common and pre-

page_text: ferred mode of adjustment of the rollers is shown in connection with the rollers N.
When the cord has been thus treated by the rubbing rollers and the drying
cylinders, it comes therefrom dry and highly polished.
The preferred driving means for rotating the polishing rollers is as follows:-
On the shaft of each polishing roller is concentrically fixed a pulley N³. There
is a power driving pulley P. A pulley band N extends from the latter to the
lower pulley N on the right hand side (see Figure 4). From the latter pulley a
pulley band N extends to the upper pulley N2 on the left hand side. Thus two
of the rollers N are operated. From the power pulley P another band No extends
to the lower pulley N³ on the left hand side, and from the last named pulley,
a band extends to the upper pulley N on the right hand side. Thus all of the
rollers N are duly operated.
Our improvements possess many advantages over the sheet iron cylinders we have
heretofore used. The new cylinder is stronger. It is more durable, less expen-
sive in construction. While there is somewhat less heating surface, the operator
has much better control of the heating capacity. The cylinder gives a more
even tension, and has more frictional tractive force. It can, if overheated, be
cooled off faster, and thus prevent the doing of harm to the cord, by overheating it
when in contact with the cylinder.
The pipes or tubing Care made of any suitable material. In many instances,
the same should be made of copper, or zinc, to prevent oxidization.
In the drawing, we have shown the location of the bobbins M conventionally,
and so as to come within the space of the limits of the drawing. In practice,
these bobbins are lower down and farther off than shown in the drawing.
Where the cylinder is of length, we provide one or more dises B, as desired, and
locate them on the shaft A, between the end discs aforementioned. This disc
or discs support the pipes between the end discs, that is to say they prevent the
inward deflection of the pipes or tubing C, by reason of the pressure of the cord
thereon. The peripheral edge of each of these discs is provided with recesses or
shoulders 138, substantially as shown, and in each of these recesses, there lies a
tube C, the latter resting on the bottom of the recess. The peripheral edge of
these intervening discs does not extend beyond the outer surface of the cylinder
as presented by the tubing and preferably stops a little short of the same." Thus
these discs cannot interfere with the proper and even winding of the cord thereon.
In the ordinary courses of present manufacture, the paste or moisture is for
the most part applied to certain classes of cord, ranging from twine of extremely
small size to cord of half an inch in diameter.
That feature of our invention which consists in a net work of pipes, filled with
a heating fluid, and arranged to receive the fluid, and to allow of its discharge,
may be utilized in various ways other than mentioned. To instance, one mede, of
a number that may be utilized, is indicated by dotted lines in Figure 3, and
shows the tubing C connected not only by a pipe J, shown in solid lines, in
alternate pairs, but all of the pipes connected also by the pipes shown in dotted
lines. Such a construction would allow the heating fluid to distribute itself in
shorter circuits to the various tubings C.
We desire to be understood that we do not confine the benefits of our invention
to its use in connection with twine, cord, rope and the like. Our invention is
advantageous so far as applicable, to the drying of textile fabrics, such as woollen
and cotton goods, and the like, which are simply moist, or to which paste or
equivalent substances have been applied, and to the polishing of the same in
conjunction with our improvements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In mechanism for drying and polishing textile fabrics, a shaft, a cylinder
thereon, a series of tubing whose main portions are lengths running with the

page_text: axis of the cylinder, and duly connected, and forming a peripheral surface for
the reception and frictional tension of the cord or other textile fabric to be
wound thereon, and whose interior is a receptacle for the reception and conveyance
of heated fluid, and one or more pairs of rubbing and polishing rollers N, acting
upon the fabric, in close cooperation with the drying cylinder, and operating
to rub and polish the fabric while it and its constituent elements are being dried,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 20th day of November 1899
CHARLES SCHRADER.
JOHN OVERMAN.