CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, CEMENT, 'STUCCO, AND OTHER SIMILAR COM- POSITIONS
Year: 1841

page_text: SWINDELLS' SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SWINDELLS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Sixth day of January, in the fourth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Swindells, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said John Swindells, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and
such others as I, the said John Swindells, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no other, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE, CEMENT, 'STUCCO, AND OTHER SIMILAR COM-
POSITIONS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said
John Swindells, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the nature.
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be.
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters;
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: =
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I,. the said
John Swindells, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following 'explanation thereof (that is to say) :-
My improvements in the manufacture of artificial stone, cement, stucco,
and other similar compositions consist in rendering available for that purpose
several residual matters produced in various chemical manufactories, which
materials I now proceed to describe, and also the 'methods I pursue in the
manufacture thereof. The methods which I use in the manufacture of lithic
or stone cement. is the residuum arising from the manufacture of the chro-
mates and bichromates of potash and soda, or other chromic salts, which
residuum consists of oxide of iron, silicate of alumina, lime, sulphate of lime,
and some undecomposed chromate of iron. I take this residual matter, and
if the lime therein does not amount to fifty per cent., I add lime until it
contains that quantity; if the silicate of alumina contained therein does not
amount to thirty per cent., I add cilicate of alumina to that amount, any
of the 'common clays will answer the purpose. I then thoroughly mix
these various materials, and calcine them in a furnace or kiln similar to
burning limestone for the production of lime; I then pulverise the com-
pound to a 'fine powder, and pack it in tight casks ready for use. "To make
common coment, commonly called Roman cement, I make use of the residuum
produced in the manufacture of potash, söda, or British alkali, comthonly
called soda ash, which residual matter is known by the name of vat waste,
remaining 'after the lixivation of the alkaline salts, which 'residual matter
consists 'chiefly of lime contained in 'the waste sülphurate and carbonate of
lime, with various proportions of 'carbonaceous matter; this residüüm I
take and add thereto silicate 'öf allumitia, 'ör 'any other common clay's,
in 'the 'proportion 'before stated, namely, 'thirty 'per cent. 'öf 'the silicate 'to'äs
much vat waste 'as contains fifty per cent. of lime, and I also add twenty (per
cent. of oxide of 'iron, or the same quantity of oxide of manganese 'and iron'; 'the
oxide of iron I make use of I obtain 'from the residual matter produced in
making 'sulphuric acid from the bisulphürate of iron, commonly called 'pyrites
or 'mündic; 'the 'oxide of manganese I obtain from 'the 'residual salts of
manganese 'produced'in 'the manufacture 'öf 'chloride' of 'line, or other chlorine
salts, "this 'oxide I use in the same proportion as the oxide of iron, namely,
twenty per cent. The method I pursue in manufacturing the 'cement from
these materials is 'thoroughly to mix thom together 'in 'the proportions already
stated, then to calcine them in the same way as the burning of lime, and wlien

page_text: cold to pulverize the compound into a fine powder, and pack up the same into
tight casks ready for use.
I do not claim any of the methods here described in the manufacture of
cement or stucco, nor do I claim the specific proportions of materials herein
described as any part of my Invention. But I do claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the use of the residuum (produced in the manufacture of chromic
salts) for the manufacture of lithic or stone cement, or artificial stone.
Secondly, I also claim as my Invention the use of the residual matters pro-
duced in the manufacture of potash, soda, British alkali, or soda ash, commonly
called vat waste, and the residual oxide of iron produced in the manufacture
of sulphuric acid from the bisulphurets of iron, commonly called pyrites or
mundic.
And, thirdly, I also claim the use of the residual oxides of manganese (pro-
duced in the manufacture of chloride of lime, or other chlorine salts), for the
purpose of manufacturing stucco or Roman cement.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Swindells, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
Inrolled the Sixth day of July, in the year above written.