IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC PRODUCER AND POWER MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Imray of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC PRODUCER AND POWER MACHINES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1882.
JOHN IMRAY of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC PRODUCER AND POWER MACHINES
"
In
My invention relates to a construction and arrangement of machines which
may be employed as dynamo-electric or magneto-electric machines converting
mechanical power into electricity or as electro-dynamic machines converting
electricity into motive power, the object which I have in view being to simplify
the construction generally and particularly the coiling of the insulated wire, and
to utilise as far as possible the wire so coiled. For this purpose I employ whether
for the field magnets or for the induced magnets of the machine a form of annular
magnet It consists of a cylindrical iron ring or drum having at each end or
edge a lip or flange projecting outwards one of these being iron and the other
being non-magnetic material such as brass or wood, so that between the two
lips there is formed a shall groove all round the periphery of the drum.
this groove I wind insulated wire in a sufficient number of convolutions to fill
up the groove and I then cover the whole with another cylindrical iron ring.
The inner ring and the outer ring connected by the iron lip or flange at one side
and enclosing between them the wire coil, when a current of electricity is passed
through the coil, constitute the two limbs of an annular horse shoe magnet, the
edge of the one ring farthest from the iron flange having one polarity and the
corresponding edge of the other having opposite polarity. By employing a lip or
flange of non-magnetic material at each edge of the drum it becomes an annular
magnet, both sides of it being rendered polar, the edges of the inner and outer rings
at each side having opposite polarity. From the edge of the inner ring a number
of polar extensions equally spaced around the circle project a little laterally and
turn radially outwards, and from the edge of the outer ring a corresponding number

page_text: Or
I
of intermediate extensions project also laterally and turn radially inwards. Thus
when the magnet is of the annular horse shoe kind as first described one face or
end of it presents a number of these extensions which are spaced at equal intervals
apart and which, when the magnet is excited, have alternating polarity.
when the magnet is simply annular as described in the second place, both its ends
or faces present extensions of opposite polarity alternately. Although I have
described the annular magnets as consisting of inner and outer cylindrical iron
rings with the lips or flanges on the former, it is generally preferable to make both
the rings and their lips or flanges not continuous but in segments secured together
with insulating material at the joints to prevent the circulation of induced electrical
currents. Also for the annular magnet in which magnetism has to be induced it is
preferable to make the segments of soft iron in several thicknesses as induction is
facilitated thereby. The annular, and the annular horse shoe magnèts constructed
as above described may be arranged in various ways to form a machine. Some of
these arrangements I will describe as examples. For a magneto electric machine
I fix on a frame an annular horse shoe magnet which I may assume presents on
its side six polar extensions and on a rotating shaft passing through its centre I fix
three straight permanent magnets crossing each other at the centre and projecting
radially, so that their six ends which are alternately of opposite polarity revolve in
front of and in close proximity to the extensions of the annular horseshoe magnet.
Alternating electrical currents are thus induced in the coil of the annular horse-
shoe magnet. For the permanent magnets, electromagnets might obviously bo
substituted. For a dynamo electric machine, I fix on a framing two of the annular
horseshoe magnets with a space between in which space revolves an annular
magnet so that its polar extensions on each side sweep successively past and in
close proximity to the extensions of the two annular horseshoe magnets.
connect the two ends of the wire of the annular magnet to two end discs of a
commutator from which project a number of alternating plates corresponding
to the number of extensions. On these commutator plates rub brushes to which
the respective ends of the wires of the annular horseshoe magnets are connected.
The annular magnet having certain residual magnetism when it begins to revolve
generates alternating electrical currents in the coils of the annular horseshoe
magnets. These currents are conveyed by the brushes to the successive plates of
the commutator whence they pass in one direction through the coil of the annular
magnet reinforcing its magnetic power, and so causing more powerful currents to
be generated. The currents thus produced may be conducted through an external
circuit either as alternating currents or as currents of one direction by suitable
connections to the commutator. A similar arrangement of machine will serve as
an electro dynamic machine, that is to say electricity from an external source
being conveyed to the machine will cause the annular magnet to revolve giving 4
out mechanical power. Obviously the middle annular magnet may be stationary,
the two side annular horseshoe magnets revolving. And the shaft instead of
carrying a single annular magnet or a single pair of annular horseshoe magnets may
carry a number of these arranged lengthwise on it so as to constitute a multiple
machine. The annular horseshoe magnet may be modified in form as follows. A 4
narrow iron ring is made with two flanges having between them a deep groove in which
is coiled the insulated wire, so that the outer edges of the two flanges and extensions
projecting from then have opposite polarity. Or between two circular iron flanges
kept apart at their inner circumference by a ring of non-magnetic material the
coil of insulated wire may be wound, in which case both the inner and the outer
edges of the flanges will have opposite polarity. Or if the outer edges be covered
by an iron connecting ring, the inner edges will have opposite polarity. When this
form is adopted the stationary and the revolving magnets are arranged not side by
side but concentrically.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Imray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th January
1883.
JOHN IMRAY of N° 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC PRODUCER AND POWER MACHINES
"
My invention relates to a construction and arrangement of machines which may
be employed as dynamo-electric or magneto-electric machines converting mechanical
power into electricity or as electro-dynamic machines converting electricity into
motive power, the object which I have in view being to simplify the construction
generally and particularly the coiling of the insulated wire, and to utilise as far as
possible the wire so coiled. For this purpose, I employ, whether for the field
magnets or for the induced magnets of the machine a form of annular magnet. It
consists of a cylindrical iron ring or drum having at each end or edge a lip or
flange projecting outwards one of these being iron and the other being non-magnetic
material such as brass or wood, so that between the two lips there is formed a
In this groove
wind
shallow groove all round the periphery of the drum.
insulated wire in a sufficient number of convolutions to fill up the groove and
I then cover the whole with another cylindrical iron ring. The inner ring and the
outer ring connected by the iron lip or flange at one side and enclosing between
them the wire coil, when a current of Electricity is passed through the coil,
constitute the two limbs of an annular horse shoe magnet, the edge of the one ring
farthest from the iron flange having one polarity and the corresponding edge of
the other having opposite polarity. By employing a lip or flange of non-magnetic
material at each edge of the drum it becomes an annular magnet, both sides of it
being rendered polar, the edges of the inner and outer rings at each side having
opposite polarity. From the edge of the inner ring a number of polar extensions
equally spaced around the circle project a little laterally and turn radially
outwards, and from the edge of the outer ring a corresponding number of inter-
mediate extensions project also laterally and turn radially inwards. Thus, when
the magnet is of the annular horse shoe kind as first described, one face or end of
it presents a number of these extensions which are spaced at equal intervals apart
and which, when the magnet is excited, have alternating polarity. Or, when the
magnet is simply annular as described in the second place, both its ends or faces
present extensions of opposite polarity alternately. Although I have described the
annular magnets as consisting of inner and outer cylindrical iron rings with the
lips or flanges on the former, it is generally preferable to make both the rings and
their lips or flanges not continuous but in segments secured together with insulating
material at the joints to prevent the circulation of induced electrical currents.
Also, for the annular magnet in which magnetism has to be induced it is preferablo
to make the segments of soft iron in several thicknesses as induction is facilitated
thereby. The annular, and the annular horse shoe magnets constructed as above
described may be arranged in various ways to form a machine. Some of these
arrangements I will describe as examples. For a magneto electric machine, I fix
on a frame an annular horse shoe magnet which I may assume presents on its side
six polar extensions and on a rotating shaft passing through its centre I fix three
straight permanent magnets, crossing each other at the centre and projecting
radially, so that their six euds which are alternately of opposite polarity revolve in
front of and in close proximity to the extensions of the annular horse shoe magnet.
Alternating electrical currents are thus induced in the coil of the annular borse shoe
magnet. For the permanent magnets, electromagnets might obviously be substituted.
For a dynamo-electric machine, I fix on a fraining two of the annular horse shoe
magnets with a space between, in which space revolves an annular magnet so that
its polar extensions on each side sweep successively past and in close proximity to
the extensions of the two annular horse shoe magnets. I connect the two ends of
the wire of the annular magnet to two end discs of a commutator from which

page_text: The
project a number of alternating plates corresponding to the number of extensions.
On these commutator plates rub brushes to which the respective ends of the wires
of the annular borse shoe magnets are connected. The annular magnet having
certain residual magnetism, when it begins to revolve generates alternating
electrical currents in the coils of the annular horse shoe magnets. These currents
are conveyed by the brushes to the successive plates of the commutator, whence
they pass in one direction through the coil of the annular magnet reinforcing its
magnetic power, and so causing more powerful currents to be generated.
currents thus produced may be conducted through an external circuit either as
alternating currents or as currents of one direction by suitable connections to the
commutator. A similar arrangement of machine will serve as an electro-dynamic
machine, that is to say, electricity from an external source being conveyed to the
machine will cause the annular magnet to revolve giving out mechanical power.
Obviously, the middle annular magnet may be stationary, the two side annular
horse shoe magnets revolving. And the shaft, instead of carrying a single annular
magnet or a single pair of annular horse shoe magnets, may carry a number of
these arranged lengthwise on it, so as to constitute a multiple machine. The
annular horse shoe magnet may be modified in form as follows. A narrow iron
ring is made with two flanges having between them a deep groove in which is
coiled the insulated wire, so that the outer edges of the two flanges and extensions
projecting from them have opposite polarity. Or, between two circular iron
flanges kept apart at their inner circumference by a ring of non-magnetic material
the coil of insulated wire may be wound, in which case both the inner and the
outer edges of the flanges will have opposite polarity. Or if the outer edges be
covered by an iron connecting ring, the inner edges will have opposite polarity.
When this form is adopted, the stationary and the revolving magnets are arranged
not side by side but concentrically.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a dynamo-electrical machine according to my
invention, Fig. 2 is a transverse section on X X looking towards the left, Fig. 3 is
an end view of the armature as seen on the plane Y Y looking towards the right;
Figs. 4 and 5 are perspective views of the segmental iron cores, Fig. 6 is a longi-
tudinal section and Fig. 7 is an end view of a modified form of machine.
At their
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 A is an iron frame carrying the stationary
field magnets and having in its centre a bearing for the revolving shaft B on which
the armature is fixed. Both the field magnets and the armature magnets and their
coils are similarly constructed and arranged, but the cores of the field magnets may
be of hard iron or steel whilst those of the armature magnets should be of soft iron.
The construction and arrangement of these parts are as follows. Upon a cylindrical
shell C made of brass or other non-magnetic metal are in the first place wound
several layers of insulated wire W'. Over these layers are fixed the inner iron
cores I made in segments, of which 5 are shewn in the drawing, these segments
being fixed at one end by iron screws in the case of the field magnets to the iron
frame A, and in the case of the armature magnets to a soft iron ring R.
other ends the segments are fixed to the shell C by bolts or screws F of non-
magnetic metal. Each of the segments I as shewn by Fig. 4 has projecting forwards
and outwards from its end a segmental flange i constituting a polar extension.
Over and around the segments I are wound several layers of insulated wire W³,
tle number of these layers being preferably double that of the inner layers W
Again, over the layers of W2 are fixed another set of 5 segment cores ○ which
are fixed in the same way as the inner cores I. Each of the segment cores O as
shewn by Fig. 5, bas projecting forwards and inwards from its end a segment
flange o constituting a polar extension. Again, on and around the segments O are
wound as many layers of wire Ws as there are layers of W'. When electrical
currents are passed through the convolutions of W₁ and W³ of the field magnets in
the same direction and through W* in the opposite direction, the segments I and 0 5
become magnetic, all the polar extensions i of the one set of segments having like
polarity, and all the polar extensions o of the other set of segments having like

page_text: On the
polarity opposite to that of the extension i.
And, conversely, when the polar
extensions & and o of the armature magnets have opposite polarities induced on
them, electrical currents are set up in the convolutions W' and Ws of the armature
in one direction and in the convolutions W' in the opposite direction.
face of the field magnets on the plane X X there are thus presented 5 N poles
and 5 S poles alternating with each other, and the armature presents towards
these a like set of polar extensions similarly arranged. When the armature is
caused to revolve so that its polar extensions & and o successively approach towards
and recede from those of the field magnets, the cores I and O of the armature have
magnetism induced on them with polarity reversed as inany times in each
revolution as there are polar extensions to the armature cores. Thus the wire
coils of the armature have set up in them alternating electrical currents which
may be used in an external circuit. Or, these wires being connected to alternating
plates of a commutator M, the currents may be collected by the brushes or rubbers
of the commutator, and may be led either as rapidly intermittent currents of
uniform direction through an external circuit, or partly or wholly through the wires
of the field magnets. In the form of machine shewn in Figs. 6 and 7 the field
magnets are constructed and wound in the same way as those in the machine
above described, except that the polar extensions i and o both project forwards
bending a little outwards and inwards respectively. The armature in this case
has the form of a deeply grooved pulley having its boss G and side flanges g gl of
non magnetic metal, and in the middle a deeply grooved pulley of soft iron
which may be put on in segments. On the two side flanges I and O are fixed
alternating with each other elbow shaped polar extension pieces and o¹, also
between the two flanges I and O and between each of them and the flanges g g₁ are
wound the convolutions of the insulated wire, that is to say W₁ between 1 and g,
W between I and O and Ws between O and g¹. The action of this machine is the
same as that of the machine previously described. Although I have shewn the
cores made in 5 segments, each with its polar extension, obviously, the number
of segments and polar extensions might be varied, the commutator having its plates
arranged to correspond with the number selected. Also, instead of making the
polar extensions with flat faces presented towards each other, they may be made each
with a central projecting rib so as to concentrate the magnetic force in the middle.
Fig. 8 is a front view of a machine having stationary inagnets arranged as
described with reference to Fig. 1, with 6 polar extensions N S, and having a
revolving armature consisting of three bar magnets T crossing each other in the
centre so that their poles n, s, revolve in front of the polar extensions N, S.
magnets T may be permanent magnets or they may be electromagnets having on
them coils t of insulated wire.
The
The machines may, as I have described, be driven by power as dynamo-electric
machines to generate electricity, or they may have their wires connected to an
extraneous source of electricity, so as to operate as electro-dynamic machines.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim for electric producer and power machines:
The construction of electro-magnet consisting of two iron shells or flanges coiled
with insulated wire in convolutions parallel to their surfaces, and having alternating
polar extensions projecting from their ends or edges, substantially as herein
described.
In Witness whereof, I the said John Imray have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Twenty sixth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousend night h
.