IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING AND TURNING COOKING SPITS, PARTS OF THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR TURNING VENTILATORS AND OTHER APPLIANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Broughton, Range Manufacturer, of
South Street, Finsbury Market, in the County of Middlesex, and
Thomas Steven, Ironfounder, of Glasgow, in the. County of Lanark,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES AND OTHER
FIRE-PLACES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING AND TURNING COOKING SPITS,
PARTS OF THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR TURNING
VENTILATORS AND OTHER APPLIANCES."
Sealed the 29th October 1869, and dated the 1st May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Broughton
and Thomas Steven at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st May 1869.
We, WILLIAM BROUGHTON, Range Manufacturer. of South Street,
Finsbury Market, in the County of Middlesex, and THOMAS STEVEN,
Troufounder, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING RANGES
Dained.

page_text: AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING AND TURNING COOKING
SPITS, PARTS OF THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR TURNING
VENTILATORS AND OTHER APPLIANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates partly to modifications in the improved mode
of uniting the parts of ranges described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to William Broughton, one of the present applicants,
and dated 6th November 1868, (No. 3379) and one such modification
consists in placing the wrought-iron nut in the mould in which one of
the pieces to be united is to he cast, so that it will be incorporated or
held in the piece by the casting operation.
A second modification consists in casting on the inside or back of the
piece or plate and near the notched snug that the uniting screw is
passed through one or two snugs for supporting the nut, which
may be elongated, or for supporting a louse piece of cast iron made
with a cavity to receive the nut. These modifications are designed
to meet cases wherein it may be inconvenient to hold the nut in position
by the hand when screwing the screw into it.
By a third modification a small opening or pocket is made in the front
of the plate whereat the nut may be inserted with the finger, and such
opening or pocket may be shaped ornamentally or may be filled up after
the parts are united.
The Invention further relates to various improvements in constructing
and arranging the parts of cooking ranges, some of such improvements
being also applicable to other fire-places. The improved range is
according to one modification made with a fire-grate between two ovens.
The bottom of the fire-grate with the front fret or ornamental appendage
to the bottom bar is movable vertically to vary the depth of the fire-
grate, and is adjustable by means of the poker or other bar or lever, the
fulcrum for which may be a bar or bridge piece cast with and connecting
the two sides of the grate front. Various simple appliances may be
provided for holding the grate bottom in any of its positions, thus the
part may be fitted loosely enough to have a slight movement laterally,
or backwards or forwards, sufficient for putting a snug or projection into
a notch or upon a catch, or the ash box front may be made with a pro-
jecting pin to enter one of the series of holes made in the fret. This
fret carries with it a movable ventilator which regulates the draught to
the fire-grate. For feeding the fire we propose to use a wedge-formed

page_text: double shovel to introduce the fuel into the centre of the fire. The
range may be used as with an open or close fire, and when used with a
close fire the heat and the fire gases or a part of them pass through a
grating in the side of the fire box into a space enveloping the sides and
bottom of the oven. This space is divided by a partition parallel to the
range front so that the heat and fire gases pass down the side of the oven
next the fire, across the bottom, and up the outer side in front of the
partition, and then crossing over it return behind it and proceed to the
uptake or flue. To facilitate the cleaning of the back part of the flue
under the oven, the partition piece is either suspended so that it can be
swung out of the way or is formed on a horizontal sliding piece that can
be drawn out, whilst a separate sliding piece may be added just under
the oven bottom for tempering the heat, and which when drawn out may
be used as a shelf or support for pans or dishes. Over the oven is fitted
a sliding frame which when drawn forward takes the place of the
ordinary door at the top of the fire-place and closes the aperture between
the boiler and the hot plate at the back of the fire. The oven is made in
some cases in one piece with a fluc or hot chamber, and in some cases
the plates forming the same are made in separate pieces and connected
with screws. The uptake or flue is divided by a partition to make
separate flues from the two ovens, and a valve or damper is arranged in
it so as to proportion the draughts in the two flues according to the
respective requirements of the ovens. The top plate above one or each
oven is made movable, and below it there is a frame or hot plate with
one or more apertures for pans and which is heated by means of a flue
space on the top of the oven into which the fire gases or heat can be
directed by opening a slide or damper leading into or from it, and by
closing the slides or dampers of the other flues. Two boilers are set at
the back of the fire, one above the other or in any other suitable position
with spaces under each for the passage through of the fire gases or heat
to the flue or uptake behind. One boiler is for steam and the other for
hot water, and they have pipe communications respectively with steam
and hot water chests formed behind the covings on each side of the
uptake or flue, and partly heated by the fire gases passing up the uptake
or flue.
When it is not wanted to heat the lower boiler the fire-grate
bottom may be raised, or a plate provided for the purpose at the back of
the grate may be raised by means of a poker or lever and be held by.
projectious and catches, or notches like the grate bottom. A hood or
"back draught" is applied over the fire for use when the fire is worked

page_text: as an open one, and is made with a movable front or frame which can be
drawn more or less forward, whilst gusset pieces are arranged at the
sides to move forwards also and fill up the spaces that would otherwise be
left. The front is made to slide up and down by means of a rack or a
series of holes and pins. Inside the parts of the hood are formed with
series of flanges or ledges to receive gridirons or frames at various
heights on which to put articles being cooked.
Also racks or open
frames for plates or dishes are arranged in the corners formed by the
covings, and these racks can be set at various heights, being each formed
with a hook at one corner to be inserted in one of a series of holes in
the corner of the coving, whilst two of the other corners are supported
on snugs formed on the coving for the purpose. The ash-pan front is
made to serve two other purposes besides the one herein-before referred
to, it can by means of its projections or hooks be hung in front of the
fire to act as a blower, or it may be hung in a horizontal position to
support any thing directly in front of the fire. Most of the improve.
ments herein-before described are obviously applicable to a range with an
oven on one side only, and if wished a boiler or hot water cistern may be
fitted on the other side. The arrangements for varying the depth of the
fire-grate are obviously applicable to register grates and other kinds of
fire-places.
A part of the Invention relates to the supporting and turning of
cooking, spits, and to the turning of ventilators and other appliances.
One object is to turn a spit horizontally in the oven, and for this purpose
an open frame is provided to be set like a shelf on ledges formed for the
purpose on the sides of the oven, and this frame is formed with bearings
or centres at the middles of its front and back for the spit. A hole is
made in the oven door for the front end of the spit to project through,
and it is turned by means of apparatus such as is herein-after described
in a small box or frame arranged to be hung upon the oven door. The
improved turning apparatus consists of a strong clock spring, the box
containing which is made to serve as a pulley on which a band or chain
is applied, and this band is also applied round and drives a pulley or
spindle that is directly or indirectly connected to the spit. A vane
wheel may be added to regulate the motion. This arrangement forms a
very simple and inexpensive motive power where precise uniformity of
motion is not required, and may be used for working or actuating venti-
lators, such as small blowing fans or punkahs or other appliances

page_text: requiring little power. For supporting the spit horizontally in front of
the fire a pair of light hinged tressels are provided and fitted with bars
having various notches to receive the spit in different positions and to
carry the turning or motive power apparatus, also with lower hooks or
notches to support a dripping pan.
When the herein-before described range has a winding or movable
check we propose to make the pinion which moves the check with
wrought iron instead of cast iron arms, and the range is so constructed
that the whole of the fire parts can readily be taken away and replaced
when required without employing skilled labour.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Broughton and Thomas Steven in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th October 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BROUGHTON, Range Manufacturer, of South Street, Finsbury Market,
in the County of Middlesex, and THOMAS STEVEN, Ironfounder, of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Broughton and Thomas Steven,
Her special licence that we, the said William Broughton and Thomas
Steven, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said William Broughton and Thomas Steven, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COOKING RANGES AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING AND
TURNING COOKING SPITS, PARTS OF THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR

page_text: TURNING VENTILATORS AND OTHER APPLIANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Broughton and Thomas Steven, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Broughton and Thomas
Steven, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what 1
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
'ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates partly to modifications in the improved
mode of uniting the parts of ranges described in the Specification of 1
Letters Patent granted to one of us, namely, the said
Broughton, and dated the 6th November 1868 (No. 3379).
William
And in order that this and other parts of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same may be properly understood we have
hereunto appended a Sheet of explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after
referred to and repesenting examples of our improvements.
One improvement in the mode of uniting the parts of ranges is shown
in Figures 1 and 2, which are respectively a plan and a vertical section,
and consists in placing the wrought-iron nut 1 in the mould in which
one of the pieces to be united, namely, the plate 2 is to be cast so that
it will be incorporated or held in the piece or in snugs 3 formed
thereon by the casting operation. In Figure 2 a plate 4 is shown as
united at right angles to the plate 2.
A second modification is shown in vertical section in Figure 3, and
consists in casting on the inside or back of the piece or plate 2, and near
the notched snug 5, that the uniting screw 6 is passed through one or
two snugs 7 for supporting the nut 1, which may be elongated, or for
supporting a loose piece 8 of cast iron made with a cavity to receive the
nut 1.

page_text: By a third modification shown in vertical section in Figure 4 a small
opening or pocket 9 is made in the front of the plate 2 whereat the
nut 1 may be inserted with the finger, and such opening or pocket, may
be shaped ornamentally, or it may be filled up after the parts are united.
Our invention further relates to various improvements in constructing
and arranging the parts of cooking ranges, some of such improvements
being also applicable to other fire-places.
poker or other
bridge piece 15
The improved range, as constructed according to one modification, is
shown in plan in Figure 5 without the covings, hood or down draught,
and part of the top plate 4. In Figure 6 it is shown in front elevation,
and partly in section; whilst Figures 7 and 8 are vertical sections as at
right angles to the front, the former as through one of the ovens 10, and
the latter as through the fire-grate or box 11 and hood 12. The
bottom 13 of the fire grate with the front fret 14 or ornamental
appendage to the bottom bar is movable vertically to vary the depth
of the fire-grate,, and is adjustable by means of the
bar or lever, the fulcrum for which may be a bar or
cast with or connecting the two sides of the grate front. Various
simple appliances may be provided for holding the grate bottom 13
in any of its positions; thus the part may be fitted in grooves as
shown loosely enough to have a slight movement laterally or backwards
or forwards sufficient for putting a snug or projection 16 into one of a
series of notches, or upon a catch; or the ash box front may be made
with a projecting pin to enter one of a series of holes made in the fret.
The fret 14 may carry a movable ventilator which regulates the draught
to the 'fire-grate. The range may be used as with an open or close
fire, and when used with a close fire the fire gases or a part of 'them
pass through a grating 17 in the side of the fire-box into a space
enveloping the sides and bottom of the oven 10. This space is divided
by a partition 18 parallel to the range front so that the gases pass
down the side of the oven next the fire, across the bottom, and up the
outer side in front of the partition, and then crossing over it at 19,
return behind it, and proceed to the uptake or flue 20. To facilitate
the cleaning of the back part of the flue under the oven the partition
piece is either suspended as at 21 so that it can be swung out of the

page_text: way, or is formed on a horizontal sliding piece that can be drawn out;
whilst a separate sliding piece 22 may be added just under the oven
bottom for tempering the heat, and which when drawn out may be
used as a shelf or support for pans or dishes. The uptake or flue may
be divided by a partition to make separate flues from the two ovens, a
valve or damper being arranged in it for proportioning the draughts in
the two flues according to the respective requirements of the ovens.
The top plate 4 above one or each oven is made movable, and below it
there is a frame or hot plate with one or more apertures for pans, and
which is heated by means of a flue space 23 on the top of the oven into
which the fire gases or heat can be directed by opening a slide or
damper leading into or from it, and by closing the slides or dampers of
the other flues. Two boilers 24, 25, are set at the back of the fire one
above the other, or in any other suitable position with spaces under
each, for the passage through of the fire gases to the flue or uptake
20 behind. One boiler 25 is for steam, and the other 24 for hot water,
and they have the usual pipe communications, which are not shown.
The upper boiler 25 is shown as formed with two steam chests
26 rising behind the covings on each side of the uptake or flue
20, and partly heated by the fire gases passing up the flue. When it is
not wanted to heat the lower boiler the fire-grate bottom may be raised,
or a plate 27 provided for the purpose at the back of the grate may
be raised by means of a poker or lever, and be held by projections, and
catches, or notches, like the grate bottom. A hood or "back draught "
12 is applied over the fire for use when the fire is worked as an open
one, and is made with a movable front or frame 28, which can be drawn
more or less forward, whilst gusset pieces 29, 30, are arranged at the
sides to move forwards also, and fill up the spaces that would otherwise
be left. The front frame 28 is fitted with a plate 31 arranged to slide
up and down, and held in any position by a pin engaging in a rack
formed in the side of the frame. Inside the parts of the hood are
formed with a series of flanges or ledges 32 to receive gridirons or
frames at various heights on which to put articles being cooked. Also
racks or open frames 33 for plates or dishes are arranged in the corners
formed by the covings as shown separately in horizontal and vortical
section in Figures 9 and 10, and these racks can be set at various heights,
being each formed with a hook 34 at one corner to be inserted in one
of a series of holes in the corner of the coving 35 whilst two of the

page_text: other corners are supported on snugs 36 formed on the coving for the
purpose. The ash pan front is made to serve two other purposes besides
the one herein-before referred to, it can by means of its projections or
hooks be hung in front of the fire to act as a blower, or it may be hung
in a horizontal position to support anything directly in front of the
fire as shown at 37 in Figure 8. For feeding the fire more particularly
when caking coal is used, we employ a double wedge shovel by means
of which the fresh coal can be intro duced into the centre of the fire.
This shovel is shown in side view in Figure 11, and in plan as inverted
in Figure 12, and consists of two parts 38, 39, each having a handle 40,
41. The upper part 38 is made with a hook at the point against which
to hold the under part, and with sides and a cross flange 42. The
double shovel being filled with coals is introduced between the front
bars of the grate, the upper bars of which are made separate so as to
be lifted. The lower part 39 is then first withdrawn and the upper
part 3 subsequently.
We make the oven 10 in some cases as shown
in vertical section in Figure 12, namely, with the metal shell 47
forming the outside of the flue 48 cast in the same piece with the
body of the oven; or a part of the shell may be so cast, and the
remainder, the part 49, 50, for example, be made separately and
attached by screws. This constructlon prevents the filling up with
brickwork of the space intended for the flue.
Most of the improvements herein-before described are obviously
applicable to a range with an oven on one side only, and if wished a
boiler or hot water cistern may be fitted on the other side.
The
arrangements for varying the depth of the fire-grate are obviously
applicable to register grates and other kinds of fire-places.
A part of our Invention relates to the supporting and turning of
cooking spits, and to the turning of ventilators and other appliances.
One object is to turn a spit horizontally in the oven 10, and for this
purpose an open frame 43 is provided to be set like a shelf on ledges
44, formed for the purpose on the sides of the oven, and this frame is
formed with bearings or centres at the middles of its front and back
for the spit 45. A hole is made in the oven door for the front end of
the spit to project through, and it is turned by means of apparatus such
as is herein-after described in a small box or frame 46 arranged to be
hung upon the oven door, or which may be set on a stand in front of the
oven.

page_text: A
The improved turning apparatus consists of a strong clock spring, the
box containing which is made to serve as a pulley on which a band or
chain is applied, and this band is also applied round and drives a pulley
or spindle that is directly or indirectly connected to the spit.
vane wheel may be added to regulate the motion.
This arrange-
ment forms a very simple and inexpensive motive power where precise
uniformity of motion is not required, and may be used for actuating
ventilators, such as small blowing fans or punkahs or other appliances
requiring little power. For supporting the spit horizontally in front of
the fire a pair of light hinged tressels are provided and fitted with
bars, having various notches to receive the spit in different positions
and to carry the turning or motive-power apparatus, also with lower
hooks or notches to support a dripping pan.
When the herein before described range has a winding or movable
cheek we propose to make the pinion which moves the cheek with
wrought iron instead of cast iron teeth, and the range is so constructed
that the whole of the fire parts can readily be taken away and replaced
when required without employing skilled labour.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention and the manner
of performing the same, we have to state that what we claim as secured
to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The improved arrangements herein-before described for holding or
placing the screw nut used in uniting the parts of cooking ranges and
other fire-places.
2. The constructing, arranging, or combining together of the parts
of cooking ranges in the improved manner substantially as herein-before
described.
3. The constructing and arranging of the hood or "back draught,"
in the improved manner substantially as herein-before described.
4. The employing of a double shovel such as is herein-before described
for supplying fuel into the middle of a fire.
5. The casting of the oven with the shell forming the outside of the
flue in the same piece.
6. The arranging of a cooking spit horizontally in the oven, and the
application of the turning power thereto in the manner herein-before
described,

page_text: 7. The turning of cooking spits, ventilators, and other appliances by
motive power apparatus such as is herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Steven, on behalf of the
said William Broughton and myself, have hereunto set my
. . hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT.
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
THOMAS STEVEN. (L.S.)