Improvements in Printing Type and Method of and Apparatus for Making the same.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 27th Nov., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
T
Improvements in Printing Type and Method of and Apparatus for
Making the same.
I, JOHN JOSEPH CHARLES SMITH, of Passaic, County of Passaic, State of New
Jersey, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The object of the invention is to produce perfect printer's type of hard bronze
metals by a casting process. In this age of fast printing stereotyping, and type
setting machines, there has been a long felt want for perfect type of some metal
which approaches steel in hardness and strength but as all hard and strong metals
or metal alloys melt at a high temperature, it has hitherto been impossible to
cast such small and accurate characters in metallic molds, and in the same
manner that is employed with type metal. Only those skilled in the art of
manufacturing small printer's type, can fully appreciate the great mathematical
accuracy required in producing perfect and useful type.
It is also well known by those acquainted with the art of casting hard, refractory
metals, that such metals will not cast with perfection and sharpness in a metallic
mold; even if the metal is injected under pressure. To overcome this great
obstacle, I have devised the hereinafter described novel method of forming very
accurate molds with great rapidity, out of materials which are suitable for casting
refractory metals in with perfection.
It is needless to enumerate in this specification the many and great advantages
which will result to the great printing business if perfect type of hard bronze
metals are produced at a moderate cost.
The main features of my invention for producing type of hard metal are entirely
different from the method now in use for casting type of the so-called type metal.
Type metal letters are cast in an automatically working mold, made of steel or iron.
One letter or type is cast at a time by forcing the fluid metal in the mold by
means of an automatically operated pump. Such a mold would not answer if
fluid refractory metal were cast or injected into it because the metal coming in
contact with the cold metallic mold would chill too quickly to make a perfect
casting. Neither could a pump be made to work in metal, melting at a tempera-
ture of over a thousand degrees.
Furthermore, the fluid refract ry metal will destroy such an accurate mold:
and matrix before a dozen types could be cast in it.
I overcome this obstacle by making a mold of refractory molding material in
the shape of a flat bar containing a large number, allout one hundred, single type
molds. The mold answers for only one casting, and has then served its function.
The following description will show that I can make such molds with great
rapidity, at a nominal cost, and at the same time make them of the required
accuracy, and of a material which will withstand the heat of fluid bronze metal.
Metals melting at a high degree of heat, chill and set instantaneously if poured
or divided into such small quantities as a single type. Therefore, I arrange my

page_text: molds in such a manner that two or three thousand single types can be cast at
one operation. That is to say. I inject the fluid metal into several thousand
single type molds simultaneously from a mass of metal more than sufficient to
fill so many molds.
The material from which I make my molds is a mixture of plaster of paris, and
fine short asbestos pulp. the same as described in Letters Patent of Great Britain
No. 2629 of 1894, granted to myself and Eugene C. Smith for improvements in
Molds for Casting Metals.
The casting I prefer to do by incans of a casting apparatus of my own invention
which is described in my present specification and illustrated in Figure XI of
the accompanying drawings.
In the annexed drawings which form a part of this specification:-
Figure I is a plan view of a pattern.
Figure II is a plan view of the brass molding-flask or box which I employ.
Figure II is a perspective view showing the two parts of the mold flask
slightly detached.
Figure III is a cross-sectional view of said flask with the pattern comb and a
type mold therein.
Figure IV is a perspective view of a type mold after it is removed from the
flask but before taking away the pattern. The mold is partly broken away to:
show the internal structure.
Figure V is a plan view of the apparatus required to press or push the mold from
the pattern comb. It shows a mold in position to be pushed from the pattern.
Figure VI is a cross section of the same apparatus.
Figure VII is a longitudinal sectional view of a mold after the pattern types
are removed.
Figure VIII is a plan view of a number of molds locked together for placing
in the casting apparatus to be all filled with metal at one operation. Part of the
gate covering plate is broken away.
Figure IX is a transverse sectional view thereof.
Figure X is a longitudinal sectional view thereof.
Figure XI is a vertical sectional view of the casting apparatus which is em-
ployed in casting a great number of type at one operation with the frame filled
with molds in position.
Figure XII represents a comb of type after casting.
Figure XIII is a side view partly broken away of the metal mold employed
for filling the type comb with soft metal, a type comb being in position in the
mold.
Figure XIV represents such comb of type with its free spaces so filled to permit
of the easy cutting of the indication notches and separating the type from the
gate.
In order to carry out my invention I form first, a pattern A of comb shape and
with this pattern I mold in a suitable molding flask B, molds C of the bar shape
shown in Figure IV. The mold is then drawn off of the pattern by the drawing
apparatus D shown in Figure V and is ready to be used for the casting of type.
A number of the molds C are locked in a frame E, as shown in Figure VIII, and
suitable gates being provided are placed so locked together in the casting
apparatus F, shown in Figure XI. Here the type are cast in all of the series of
molds at once and the molds are removed from the casting apparatus F and from
the frame E. The type are then removed from the mold in the form of a comb G
and are placed in the metal mold H where soft metal is cast upon the type comb
filling the free spaces between the type teeth and resulting in a composite bar I.
This bar has then cut upon it such indication notches as are required. The gate
of the type comb is severed from the teeth and the latter being then separated from
the soft metal aforesaid are substantially ready for use.
Having thus given a general survey of the steps involved in the process I will
proceed to describe in detail the several instrumentalities employed and at the

page_text: same time and for the sake of clearness will refer more fully to the steps by
which the process is carried out.
Referring to Figure I, the pattern comb A on which molds C are to be formed
has a base 1 in which are fixed in the form of a comb, a series of teeth or single
type patterns 2 which have free spaces 3 between them. Regular printing type
are fifteen-sixteenths (15-16) of an inch in length in order to allow for cutting
the single types from the general gate; after a comb of type is cast in the mold
each pattern type 2 is made one and three sixteenths (13-16) of an inch in length.
This allows them to be inserted into the base one and three-sixteenths (1 3-16)
of an inch and the pattern type above the base is one inch in length and a type
molded therefrom is of the same length. This allows one sixteenth of an inch of
space of cutter in cutting the molded type from the gate leaving the exact height
or length of the type fifteenth-sixteenths (15-16) of an inch as required. The
body thickness or line size of type varies with each font but is the same in all
5 types of the font whether pica, brevier, minion, non-pareil or other size and the
pattern comb A including its base 1 must be of the exact thickness of this type
body or line size. The width of the type in the line however differs according
to the width of the letter and the width of the separate type patterns 2 will differ
accordingly. The free ends of the type patterns are cut or otherwise made with.
type faces and may be all alike on the same comb or each comb may have one
hundred more or less type patterns of a variety of types. They are arranged
in a straight row upon the comb about one-eighth (1-8) of an inch apart and are
all firmly soldered to the base 1, and form an even surface with the flat sides of
said base. The greatest care must be taken that each type is fastened perfectly
parallel with the others and exactly at right angles with the edge of the base of
the pattern. They must all be very smooth on all four sides. Any inaccuracy
in the pattern type or in their method of setting in the base will prevent the
drawing of the pattern from the mold without spoiling the mold, for the molding
material which I employ when set hard will not yield; in fact, it must not yield
in the slightest degree for in that case the molds will lose their required
accuracy.
The base 1 of the pattern comb A is made of considerable width, more than is
required for the gate of the mold so that the comb may have great stiffness
edgeways to resist the considerable strain which has to be applied in drawing
the pattern from the mold in the manner hereinafter described. The base has at
its ends. holes 4, 4 whereby it may be fastened to the mold drawing apparatus
and is provided with other holes 5, 5 whereby it is held in the molding flask.
Referring to Figures II, II^, III and IV, the molding flask B is composed of
two parallel and identical brass bars or side pieces 6, 6 about twenty inches in
length, four inches in width and three-quarters of an inch in thickness. Each
Lar has a rabbit or offset 7 at bottom and a butt or shoulder 8 at one end corre-
sponding in height to the required thickness of the mold. By experiments and
experience I have proved that it is best to form the type molds in the shape of
a flat straight bar C, about five-eighths of an inch in thickness and eighteen inches
in length. Such a bar is adapted to contain one hundred single type molds 9 of
varying widths in a straight row having over them a gate 10 common to all the
single type molds 9. The bar shape of such a mold is that best adapted to permit
the drawing of the pattern accurately. The great number of type patterns to be
drawn at one time requires considerable and well-distributed force because the
molding material sets very closely and firmly to the pattern and when set is
brittle.
Dowels 11 ensures the accurate placing of the bars 6, 6 together and when so
placed as shown in Figure II. they present in the centre of the base a slot 12
of the exact width of the thickness of the pattern comb A. On one of the
rabbits 7 I arrange dowels 13 which when a pattern comb is placed between bars 6,
occupy the holes 5, 5 in the base of the comb and hold the comb in a straight

page_text: or central position while the mold is being molded thereupon. The height of
the rabbits 7; that is, their dimensions from a to b (Figure 11^) and the corre-
sponding height of the slot 12 is sufficient to cover so much of the base 1 of the
comb as is not to be formed in the mold. It is necessary that the molding
flask B be made with great accuracy because the outside surfaces of the molds
to be formed therein must be accurate to enable a number of them to be locked
together in a frame as hereinafter described. Before putting the flask together
the insides of its bars 6 and the pattern type comb A are slightly coated with
olive oil so that all will separate freely from the molding material when it has set
hard enough to enable the pattern to be drawn.
When the flask is put together with the pattern strip in place it is held together
by means of screws 25 and the molding material is mixed. The material preferably
employed consists as described in the afore-mentioned British patent of myself and
Eugene C. Smith of two parts of plaster of paris and one part of fine asbestos pulp.
They are mixed with water in the same way that plaster of paris is prepared
when an object is to be cast therefrom. The mixture is stirred and beaten so as
to make a fine uniform mass like thick cream and then poured slowly into the
molding flask B over the pattern type. Care must be taken to remove any fine
air bubbles which may form at some of the type patterns. Then the molding
material is allowed to set and become hard; this takes place in about thirty
minutes. After setting the pattern type can be drawn out. This is an operation
requiring great care and accuracy of movement and was for a long time a great
obstacle to the making of perfect molds. I had not been successful in drawing
the pattern until the invention of the special apparatus next described for this
purpose. This apparatus involves the pushing of the mold from the pattern
type comb which is held fast. It is evident that a row of about one hundred
pattern type closely embraced by a hard, brittle molding material is a difficult
pattern to draw and it is especially difficult to draw the pattern so that each
one of the one hundred single type molds is preserved absolutely and perfectly
accurate in back and face.
My improved pattern mold drawing apparatus is shown in Figures V and VI.
Figure IV represents the pattern with the type mold thereon after its removal
from the flask and shows how the mold closely embraces the individual type
patterns.
The
The drawing apparatus D has a platform or base 14 preferably arranged on
legs or supports 15 sufficiently to permit the free operation of operating hand-
wheel 16. At the ends of the platform are arranged guides 17 for a sliding plate 18
and of equal thickness to said plate and to the sides of the mold bar C. The
length of the guides 17 is less than the width of the platform 14 leaving the front
part 19 of said platform free as a table on whose smooth and even surface may be
placed the pattern with the mold which is to be withdrawn therefrom.
sliding plate 18 is made as long as possible so as to bear upon as great a length
of the mold as possible. Hinged to the sliding plate 18 at rear is a second plate 20
of exactly the same width as plate 18 or at least of such width at its forward edge
as to be precisely in the vertical plane of the forward edge of the plate 18, and
both edges must be exactly at right angles with the guides 17. It is also of
the same length as plate 18. The hinges 21 of plate 20 are arranged to separate
the plate 20 from plate 18 sufficiently to leave a space for the admission of the
base 1 of the pattern comb. The two plates 18 and 20 are moved together back-
ward and forward by a screw 22 working in the threaded lug 23 projecting
downward through platform 14 from plate 18. The screw is mounted on
bracket 24 on the underside of platform 18 and operated by the hand wheel 16
or otherwise.
When a pattern and mold are removed from the molding flask B, they are
placed upon the free table portion 19 of the drawing apparatus D and the base
of the pattern is rigidly fastened to the apparatus by screws 26, the hinged plate 20

page_text: being raised to permit this attachment and the two plates 18 and 20 being drawn
back sufficiently by means of the hand wheel 16 and screw 22 to cause the front
edges of said plates to rest in rear of the mold C. The projecting or free part
of the base of the type pattern is on its lower side even with and can rest on
the upper surface of the sliding plate 18. The base 1 of the pattern comb A
being about two inches longer than plate 18 projects at both ends so that the
projecting ends will rest on the guides 17 and the fastening screws 26 enter the
said guides. By now turning the hand wheel 16 to the left, the plates 18 and 20
are advanced and press edgeways against the edges of the mold above and below
the pattern pushing the same perfectly evenly off of the pattern. It is here that
the importance of perfection of construction of the pattern type comb, the mold-
ing flask and the sliding plates becomes apparent for when the mold is placed
on the drawing apparatus as described, the edges of the sliding plates 18 and 20
must make continuous and perfect contact with the edges of the mold. If this
is not the case and pressure is therefore unequally exercised against the mold,
the small partition walls between the single type molds will be broken and their
perfection and accuracy destroyed. The pressure required to push the mold from
the pattern type is considerable at starting, amounting to more than four hundred
pounds on mold of sixteen to eighteen inches in length and containing about
one hundred single type molds.
The molds made and drawn in the above-described manner are dried in suitable
quantities in a drying oven by exposure to a gradually increased heat up to
500° Fahrenheit for twenty four hours so that all moisture and sulpheretted
hydrogen are expelled. The molds are then ready to be filled with metal and
for that purpose are placed in the locking frame E represented in Figures VIII, IX
and X for it would be difficult and indeed impracticable to cast molten refractory
metal in a single mold as thin and frail as that above-described. In practice, I
combine about twenty of them in the locking frame E.
The locking frame consists essentially of a strong rectangular iron frame 27
having at one side the U-shaped gib 28 embracing one stile or side of the frame
and adjustable therein by means of set screws 29. For regular use, the frame 27
may be about 20 by 13 inches, inside measurement and the outside measurement
may merely be made to fit the casing or mold box of the casting machine F. The
depth of the frame is equal to the width of the molds C and the latter are arranged
in the frame side by side on one edge with their gates all uppermost. Between
each two molds are interposed straight smooth brass strips 30 about one-eighth
of an inch thick and of the same width and length as the molds C. These strips
serve to impart strength to the plaster molds against pressure of the set screws 29
when the latter are adjusted to hold the molds in the frame. The strips thus
prevent the molds from being crushed when pressure is applied to hold them
firmly in the casting machine. It is necessary that the molds be held together
from every side to resist the expanding pressure of the fluid metal when forced
into the molds under a pressure of about ten pounds to the square inch. There-
fore, when the molds and strips have been placed in the frame, they are securely
locked therein by turning the set screws 29 and forcing the gib 28 tightly against
the mold adjacent thereto. The molds and brass strips are not as long as the
frame 27, the remaining space being filled with a block 31 of the same material
as the molds and containing the main feeding gate 32 and small branch gates 33
which connect said feeding gate with the individual mold gate 10.
slab 34, preferably of the same material as the molds, covers all the gates and
closes the molds and has a gate 35 leading to the main feeding gate 32-and con-
nected with the metal receptacle of the casting machine hereinafter described.
The slab 34 is fastened to the frame by screws or otherwise.
A flat
When the frame is filled with molds in the manner described, the composite
structure has the shape of a flat plate and is ready to be placed in the pressure
casting apparatus for filling all of the molds with metal at one operation.

page_text: The casting apparatus which is shown in Figure XI will now be described.
36 is a vertical front plate and 37 a base plate or table. To the front plate 36,
two side plates 38 are hinged like doors. The drawing (Figure XI) being a
sectional view, but one of these side plates is shown. The side plates are pro-
vided with hooks 39 to receive three cross bars 40 which have hooks or heads
at their ends and therefore hold the side plates together. They also serve as
the supports and abutments of screws 41, preferably six in number, which operate
against a follower plate 42 for the purpose of pressing a frame of molds placed
in the apparatus firmly against the front plate 36 and so holding the molds
together against the pressure of the injected metal. 43 is the metal receptacle
on the front or outside of the plate 36. It is supported from the base plate 37
by a hinge at 44. The movable portion of the metal receptacle is made in the
shape of the letter U in horizontal section and the front plate forms one wall
thereof. Near the bottom of the receptacle through the front plate 36 is a gate
or hole 45 which when the frame of molds is in position corresponds with the
gate 35 of slab 34 and so forms part of the passage through which the metal flows
to the molds. The metal receptacle has a lining 46 of non-conducting material such
as a sheet of asbestos. The lining covers not only the surface of the receptacle
and including that part of the front plate within the receptacle but extends over
the hole 45 and so temporarily prevents the passage of fluid metal from the
receptacle to the molds but the metal will break through the lining at the spot
where it covers the hole 45 as soon as pressure is exercised on the metal by a
piston 47 which bears a rack 48 engaging a pinion 49 mounted from brackets
on the front plate 36 and adapted to be operated by lever 50. The mold box
formed by the front plate 36, base plate 37, side plates 38, follower 42 and a
hinged top plate 51 must be of the size of the molds which are to be put into it
for casting.
The frame E containing the molds is shown in Figure XI in position and it
will be seen that the slab 34 interposed between the molds and the front plate 36
prevents contact of the fluid metal with the front plate. The fluid metal thus
at every point comes in contact only with a slow conductor of heat.
The operation of casting is quickly done after the molds are placed in the
machine. A few pounds of metal, more than is required to fill the gates and
molds is poured into the receptacle 43; the piston 47 is then depressed by means
of the lever 50 and the pressure breaks the asbestos lining at the point covering
the hole 45 forcing the metal through the said hole, through the gate 35 into
the main gate 32 and branch gates 33 and filling quickly, in less than a second,
all of the individual type molds in each mold occupying the frame. The
pressure is kept up until the fluid metal has set hard. The metal receptacle is
then released by any suitable unlocking device and swung out. The surplus
metal in the receptacle has now chilled sufficiently to allow the breaking of the
gate at the hole 45. The mold box of the machine is then opened and the castings
taken out and the molding material readily cleaned from the castings by rubbing
and washing. An experienced casting operator can easily run out twenty cast-
ings per day and produce from two to three thousand single type at each cast.
The types 52 after casting do not come out as separate letters but are still
united in a gate 53 forming the comb-shaped casting shown at G and they are
kept in the comb shape for the finishing operations which are therefore more
quickly and easily performed. The comb is represented at Figure XII.
It will be observed that the slot part or gate 53 is exactly of the same thickness
as the body of the type so that the type and the gate present an even surface on
both sides. This facilitates the final finishing operations which are:
Firstly To remove any minute projections on the body surfaces. Although I
cast my hard type with the required accuracy of body, it will happen at times
that very fine air bubbles in the mold will produce corresponding fine projections
like grains of sand on the surface of the type body. These are easily removed if
the type are in a perfectly even row and are held so by a solid base.

page_text: Secondly: To provide the type with the required indication notches on the
lower side.
Thirdly: The separation of the individual types from the uniting gate or
base 53 and making the types of the required uniform height or length.
The indication notches are cut in by means of a suitable milling machine.
To do this quickly, accurately, and conveniently, I employ the following novel
method which is important and labor saving and which saves labor during the
several finishing operations. With the type in the form of the comb G, if a
cutter be passed over them; the following difficulties present themselves; firm
holding of the types to prevent vibration while the cutter operates is difficult and
where the cutter passes over the space between the several types it would tear
off small pieces or at least raise small burrs to remove which would require special
rubbing or smoothing of each type on both sides. I avoid these difficulties by
temporarily uniting the type with soft type metal 55 by filling the spaces 54
between the types and extending the soft metal about one-quarter of an inch
above the faces of the type so that I have a composite strip of metal, solid, smooth
and even on both sides. To do this, I employ a metallic mold such as shown in
Figure XIII. The mold consists of two straight steel bars 56 each having a
butt 57 at one end so that when the two are held together they provide between
them a space or slot 58 just large enough to receive the type comb G and to fit
snugly against the sides of the comb and extend for a quarter of an inch above
the faces of the type. The solid part 53 of the comb forms the bottom of the
mold and another bar (not shown) forms the top or cover. Suitable clamps are
employed to hold the mold firmly together. The space surrounding the type is
then filled with melted type metal which is forced in under pressure in any
desired manner and when the casting is removed from the mold it presents the
solid, even strip of metal shown in Figure XIV exactly of the thickness of the
type comb and of the body of the type. This strip may be readily fastened or
held in a milling machine for cutting therein the indication notches 60 in the
form of long grooves from end to end of the strip and also for severing the
individual types from their base or gate 53 in such manner as to leave the type
at an accurate and even height. When this has been done, the single types
are easily separated from the soft metal filling and are ready for use.
My experiments have fully shown that perfectly accurate printer's type can be
produced of hard bronze alloys by casting and at a cost low enough to permit of
their general use in printing and stereotyping in place of the soft metal types
now in use. By the use of my hard bronze type, a great saving is effected by
reason of the great durability of the type and other advantages result to the
art of printing by the introduction of type which is harder and stronger than any-
thing heretofore employed.
I am aware that small types have been and still are cast in iron or steel molds
of a brass composition having a low molding temperature. Such types are used only
for stamping gilt inscriptions on books, leather, cloth, etc., and need not be of such
accuracy in body or face as printer's type because such type are set up only in
small quantities and therefore can be held well enough together to serve the
purpose they are made for. The bodies and faces of such brass types are not
and cannot be cast with the mathematical accuracy and perfection that is required
for type used for regular printer's work. Besides, the cost of producing such
type is far too great to permit their use for general printing.
Practical type founders have always deemed it an impossibility to cast type
of hard copper bronze alloys or other refractory metals with the required perfection
of face and body to fit them for regular and general printing and my present inven-
ion which solves this problem and the success of which has been demonstrated
by actual production and use of the article on a manufacturing scale has taken
rears of study, close observation and endless costly experiments to attain.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. As a new article of manufacture, small printing type cast of hard bronze
metal composition with such perfection and accuracy in body and face as to bo
practically useful for general printing.
2. The herein described process of making small types of hard refractory metal
with sufficient accuracy for general printing. which consists in forming integral bar
or slab shaped molds with a series of individual type molds wholly enclosed within
them and a longitudinal gate in one edge uniting the individual type molds
firmly supporting said molds together side by side casting comb shaped series
of type in said molds, finishing each comb shaped series of type as a whole,, and
finally separating the finished type, substantially as set forth.
3. In the process of making small types of hard refractory metal with sufficient
accuracy for general printing, casting type combs of hard refractory metal, cast-
ing thereupon a suitable material filling the spaces between the type and wholly
embedding the type faces, subsequently treating the solid slab thereby formed for
finishing the type, and finally separating the type from the embedding material,
substantially as set forth.
4. The process of making small types of hard, refractory metal, consisting in
forming comb-shaped patterns whose individual type-faced teeth are united by
a rigid base, molding thereupon bar-shaped molds of parous material having
individual type molds united by a longitudinal gate, drawing said molds from
the patterns and drying the same, locking a plurality of said molds together in a
frame in such manner as to support them against strain, casting in the several
molds simultaneously, a series of type combs of hard, refractory metal, withdraw-
ing the said combs from the molds. casting upon the individual combs a suitable
material, filling the spaces between the type and wholly embedding the type
faces, subsequently treating the solid slabs thereby formed for finishing the type,
and finally separating the type from the embedding material, substantially as
described.
5. The combination of a comb-shaped pattern A having individual type
patterns 2 united by a solid base I and a molding flask or box having at bottom
a central longitudinal slot of the width of the thickness of the base of said pattern
comb and suitable means for holding said pattern comb in said molding flask or
box, substantially as set forth.
6. In an apparatus for casting type, a mold drawing apparatus consisting of a
platform having suitable guides, means for fastening a pattern to the platform,
sliding plates confined between the guides and working inside of the pattern
fastening means, said plates being adapted to engage the mold above and below
said pattern, and means for operating said sliding plates for pushing the said
mold off of the said pattern, substantially as set forth.
7. In apparatus for casting type, a mold drawing apparatus consisting of a
platform having suitable guides, means for attaching the pattern thereto and for
supporting a mold thereon, a sliding plate supported on said platform and adapted
to move underneath said pattern and a hinged plate connected to said sliding
plate and adapted to overlie said pattern, and means for operating said plates,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
8. In an apparatus for casting type, a mold drawing apparatus consisting of a
platform provided with suitable guides and a parallel slot, screws for attaching a
pattern to the platform, a sliding plate 18, supported on the platform between the
guides and provided with a threaded lug which works in the slot of the platform,
another plate 20 connected to plate 18, said. plates being adapted to engage a
mold above and below the pattern, and a screw 22 supported in suitable journals
and working in the threaded lug for moving the plates 18 and 20 over the plat
form, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 9. In apparatud for casting type, the combination of a series of bar-shaped
molds, a containing frame therefor and a series of metal separating strips placed
between the several molds, substantially as set forth.
10. In apparatus for casting type, the combination of a mold containing frame,
a series of single integral slab or bar-shaped molds adapted to occupy the same
each formed with a series of individual type molds wholly enclosed therein
and united by a longitudinal gate in one edge, means for clamping the said molds
in said frame, and a common gate communicated with and conveying fluid metal
to all of said longitudinal gates, substantially as set forth.
11. In apparatus for casting type, the combination of a series of bar-shaped
molds, a containing frame therefor, the several molds having individual typo
matrices and a gate on each mold common to all of the individual matrices on
said mold, a filling block in said frame at the end of said mold having suitable
gates and a covering plate for said molds attached to said frame and having a
gate connected with said gates on said block, substantially as set forth.
12. In a casting apparatus. the combination of front plate 36 and base plate 37,
the hinged sides 38, having hooks 39, the cross-bars 40 engaging hooks 39, the
mold E. the follower 42, screws 41 threaded through bars 40 and means for forcing
fluid metal into the mold, as set forth.
13. In casting apparatus, the combination of a mold E, a frame for supporting
the mold, a receptacle for containing molten metal, a gate in said receptacle com-
municating with the gate of the mold, a lining of non-conducting material such
as asbestos in the molten metal receptacle, said lining covering the gate of the re-
ceptacle. and means for forcing the metal through the non-conductive lining
covering the gate for casting in the mold, as set forth.
Dated this 7th day of October 1897
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.