An Improved Apparatus for Churning Milk and Cream, applicable also to Mixing and other analogous Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Mar., 1896-Accepted, 18th Apr., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Churning Milk and Cream, applicable
also to Mixing and other analogous Purposes.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of Magherafelt, in the County of Londonderry, School
Teacher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Although the primary object of my invention is to produce an improved
apparatus for churning milk and cream, nevertheless, the invention is applicable to
the mixing or stirring of any other liquids or the like.
For the purposes of this Specification, I shall confine my description to the
invention as employed for churning milk and the like, but without restricting
my self to that one use.
The three agents necessary to the satisfactory churning of milk or cream are,
friction, heat, and air, and in my improved apparatus these three are fairly well
combined. The apparatus also lessens the time and labor occupied in performing
the work.
The main idea is to have two sets of beaters revolving in opposite directions on
one axis by means of an arrangement adaptable to any existing churn and capable
of being put on and removed at pleasure.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood, I make reference
to the accompanying sheet of drawings in which,
Fig. 1 is a sectional side view, and Fig. 2 a plan.
In both figures similar letters refer to the saine parts.
a is the churn or vessel holding the milk or other fluid. Around the upper, end
of a is the hand or hoop b, kept in position by the nuts c. To b is attached the
cross-bar d, hinged at e and having an upright portion f. At the bottom of the
churn is the foot-step plate having the foot-step h in which runs the bottom end
of the spindle i the upper end of which runs in the top of d. Part of the spindle i
is tubular as at k, and extending from near the lower end to, and out at the.
upper end is the conical air-tube 7. m is a small detachable force-pump worked
by hand for injecting air into 1 at intervals. (Instead of working the pump m by
hand, it may be worked by a crank attached to the end of the spindle a, between
bevel wheels 9 and r (to be referred to presently). In this case the pump may be
held to the rim of the mouth of the churn by a clip or otherwise, and the pump
connected with the upper end of 1 by a flexible tubing.) n is a spindle working in
ball bearings o and p and carrying the bevel wheel q gearing into the bevel wheel
attached to i, and also into s which is on a gun metal lined sleeve t surrounding i.
The lower part of the sleeve t runs or rolls on balls u supported at the top of the
tubular part of the spindle and surrounded by the cap which also prevents oil
and other material working down into the milk. Attached to the sleeve is the
tubular frame w. To k are attached the radiating beaters .r, aud to w are attached
the beaters y, and I prefer to make y of about one half the area of x.
rearward side of one of the bottom beaters is the small air-tube z, one end
opening into land the other end being furnished with an outwardly opening valve
at A (protected by wire ganze or otherwise) to prevent milk entering the air-
tube. The rotation of the beater causes a vacuum behind the beater, and thus
causes air to be drawn down the air-tube and out at A. The chura is closed by
On the

page_text: a removable lid B having the handle C and resting on the ledge D. The lid has
a circular opening in it surrounding the sleeve t, and has also n slot extending
from the circular opening to the periphery of the lid. The slot has a long lid
hinged to it, so that it (the lid) can be raised and allow the sleeve to pass along the
slot when the lid B is being put on or taken off. The spindle is revolved by the
wheel E and handle F, or it may be arranged to work by power. The hearings o
and may be made to slide up and down so as to accomodate a larger or smaller
wheel g. G. is a thermometer sliding in a groove inside the cl. rn and out of the
way of the beaters and may be inspected without stopping the machine by opening
the hinged door of the slot in the lid B already mentioned. The tubular part k
of the spindle is furnished with a screw cap or equivalent H for putting in hot
or cold water, and similar caps I are provided in the frame to for the same
P
purpose.
Hot or cold water may be poured into k through H according as the air flowing
through the conical air-tubes, I is required to be warmed or cooled. Hot or cold
water inay also be put into to through J for the purpose of raising or lowering the
temperature of the contents of the churn coming in contact with and its
heaters.
Assuming the milk or cream to be in the churn and hot or cold water in k
and to as required, the lid B is put on, and on turning the handle H and wheel E,
the bevel wheel 7 will turn r (and all that is attached to it) in one direction, and s
(and all that is attached to it) in the opposite direction, and so churn the contents
of the vessel. The churn can be made of metal, wood, or any other suitable
material, as also may be the benters. The other parts may be more conveniently
made of metal, or such other material as experience may shew most suitable.
I do not restrict myself to the precise details, conformations, relative proportions
or disposition of parts described or shown as any or all of them may be con-
siderably varied, without departing from the spirit of my invention. The
advantages among others of iny invention are, that the operative parts can be
readily applied to existing churns, and put on and removed in a few minutes: it
will take high or low speed gearing: it may be worked by manual or other power:
it will churn milk at a low temperature, and with less labor than required at
present. I have tested the machine on a cold frosty December night in the north
of Ireland and with milk at 50° instead of 60° to 62°, and it churned in about half
the time usually required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In churus or the like constructing them with beaters arranged to revolve in
opposite directions to each other around coincident axes substantially as described
in the above Specification, and exemplified in the accompanying drawings.
2. In churns or the like arranging the churning pa ts so as to be detachable from
and applicable to any churn, substantially as described in the above Specification
and exemplified in the accompanying drawings.
3. In churns or the like providing means for varying the temperature of the
liquid or other substances operated on, substantially as described in the above
Specification and exemplified in the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination of parts together forming and operating as a churn or the
like substantially as described in the above Specification and exemplified in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 3rd day of March 1896.
HUGHES & YOUNG,
23 Coleman Street, London, E.C., Agents for Applicant.