An Improved Construction or Arrangement of Combined Cee and Elliptic Springs for Carriages.
Year: 1888

page_text: An Improved Construction or Arrangement of Combined Cee and
Elliptic Springs for Carriages.
I JAMES IVALL, of 240, Brixton Hill, Surrey, Coach Builder, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said invention to be as follows:
The object of this invention is an improved construction or arrangement of com-
bined Cee and Elliptic springs for carriages.
The invention consists of two springs, one a Cee and the other a top half elliptic,.
these being so combined or arranged that they act as a check against each other.
The Cee spring is so shaped that part of it serves as the bottom half elliptic, the top.
half elliptic being connected thereto by a clip or ears, and with the bow of the Ceo
attached to the pump handle directly over the axle or near to same, if arranged to the
bind part of a carriage but to the futchel, wheel irons, or otherwise if fitted to a fore
carriage.
The spring for a single Brougham (or any other carriage) to produce the greatest
amount of case with strength, and for its general appearance without a Perch, is as
follows:-
:-
An elliptic spring with the hind bottom end carried up as a Cee spring and round
to the top of pump handle over the bearings of the elliptic spring portion and on the
top of bottom bed of front carriage. The bottom half of such elliptic is of the usual
strength, the plates of the Cee portion being gradually drawn off until only one plate
(the back) is left as the Cee spring. The top half of the elliptic is made very light
and connected in front with couplings and at back with a roll eye in top plate of
bottom half of the elliptic. The whole of the bearings and connections are perpen- .
dicularly over each other and the play of such spring is divided between the top half
of the elliptic and the upper or Cee end of the continued bottom thus the least motion
of the light top half of the elliptic in consequence calling into play the Ceo half of
the bottom spring, forming a check action one against the other, for as soon as the
strain, caused either by weight or by roughness of road, is taken off the upper or Cee
portion resumes its proper position and the upper half of the elliptic also follows, the
two separate slighter springs serving in place of one stiff spring.

page_text: The slight top half of elliptic and upper portion of Cee continuation each part
helping, although at the same time_checking, to work one another, the remaining
portion of this spring acts more as a framework to hold the two slighter springs. If
this spring is used on the hind part of any carriage (where it is most needed) the
usual long elliptic could be used in front.
If used in front as well as back it would require the boot contracted and would give
as much lock to the front carriage as the usual perch carriage.
The fixings of the end of upper Ceo spring on pump handle (or on front bed) would
be either with pipe eyes and open heads to springs or roll eyes on springs and open
heads or pump handles or front bed and with or without rubber barrels and
brasses.
The advantages of the spring are, that with the usual weight of an elliptic spring
there is a perfect playing Cee elliptic spring of great ease and steadiness, obviating the
unpleasant rolling motion of the perch hung carriage.
In consequence of the double and check action of this spring, perfect safety
against accident is ensured and should any portion become broken the remaining half
would still hold up the body. From the form of this spring the carriage is
more compact than with the usual long elliptic and has less length in its general
appearance.
From the hearings of this spring being perpendicular over each other it does away
with any tendency to the unpleasant end kick of all so called improved springs and
gives a much greater amount of steadiness to the carriage throughout.
Dated this 8th day of March 188e
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said J. Ivall,

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Construction or Arrangement of Combined Cee and
Elliptic Springs for Carriages.
'
1, JAMES IVALL, of 240 Brixton Hill, Surrey, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to bo performed to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a novel construction of Cee spring for vehicles, the object
being, to dispense with the usual links, straps, braces, and ratchets now employed
between the end of the bow of a Cee spring and the point at which the body of
the vehicle is suspended, also to the employment of my improved Ceo spring in
combination with an Elliptic spring to the front, and hind portions of a four wheeled
vehicle, whereby I am enabled to dispenso with the usual long under perch running
underneath most carriages having Cee springs, the bearings of the springs being
perpendicularly over each other, yet having separate action of the Cee and Elliptic
parts of the spring but acting as a check one against the other.
By the division of weight and with the check action, each part is made about half the
usual substance, thereby giving ease of the Cee spring perch carriage, the movement
of any one part of the spring immediately calling into play the remaining parts of
the combination and acting as a perfect spring in the whole. One portion acts without
the other and although of such extreme lightness in all its parts, in consequence of the
double action acting together, it is as a whole cqual in strength to the usual stiff
spring now in use.
The safety of the body is also secured by the separate parts acting in check, ono
against the other, even if one portion of the combination became broken, the check
action of the remaining parts immediately acts as a whole and perfect spring of
itself and prevents any sudden break down of any spring at once. The appearance of
the combination spring, when mounted on a carriage, gives all the style and finish
of the perch carriage with the lightness and cost of the Elliptic spring carriage.
At Figure 1 of the annexed drawings, I show my Cee spring of novel construction
and according to my invention in which the usual strap, brace, link, or other applianco
intervening between the bow of the Cee for attachment to the vehicle from that end,
is dispensed with, one plate of the Cee being of such a length as to extend down
to where the direct attachment of it can be made to the pump handle, to a cross bar,
to a projecting lug, to the body of the vehicle, or otherwise, if the Cee spring bo
applied to a two wheeled vehicle to which it is particularly adapted for giving ease of
motion and a true action of a Cee spring, the end of the bow where attached to the
body of a vehicle, or to a frame, being directly over, or about over the vertical bearing
point of the axle.
Figure 2 shows an arrangement of my improved Cee spring in combination with an
Elliptic spring. Figure 3 represents the combined springs attached to the fore. and
bind axles of a Victoria, as an example, when used with a four wheeled vehicle, having
no long under perch.

page_text: A is the bow portion of my improved Cee spring and B is the Elliptic portion.
The upper half C of the Elliptic is of the ordinary construction with a double eye D
at one end, connecting the lower half B, a portion of the plates of which belong to
the Cee, which as they increase in number, below the inside plate of the lower half
Elliptic, they diminish in length, until one plate only and marked E, forms a
continuation of the bow of the Cee, is connected by its oye F directly to the pump
handle, or it may be directly to a cross bar, or to any other part of the vehicle
according to the placing of such end of the Cee portion, said end terminating directly
over, or about over, the centre bearing points of the fixings of the Elliptic to the pump
handle, or other equivalent part of the vohicle and of the axle G respectively, so that
the weight of the occupants of a vehicle is borne directly by the bow of the Cee spring
and not indirectly, as with Cee springs having suspension straps and links, as with the
ordinary forms of Ceo springs, whether they be used alone, or be in conjunction with
Elliptic, or other forms of spring.
In all the known forms of Cee springs, the bow occupies only about one fourth of a
circle and then a strap, or link serves as a connection between its end and some part
of the vehicle, forming a straight line from one to the other, and this is present with
Cee springs having a strap and ratchet but with my "Cee" the how is continued,
without the intervention of a link, a brace, or strap and ratchet, for somewhat more
than half a circle and down to a point of attachment to the frame, or the body of the
vehicle over, or about over, the axle.
The elongated, or long ended Cee spring, is the main feature and novelty of my
invention, whether employed as a spring by itself, or in combination with an Elliptic
as herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. Constructing a Cee spring, with the bow of such a length or depth, that it can
be attached directly to a vehicle, or to the frame or other support of a vehicle,
substantially as described.
2. The combination of Cee and Elliptic springs for vehicles, when the Cee spring
has a much longer plate than usual, as at Figure 2, for direct attachment to the body,
or part of the frame of a vehicle, substantially as shown at Figure 3 of the annexed
drawings, and as described.
The 8th love of Dagambon 1000
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said James Ivall.