Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Marine and other Steam Boilers.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 24th Mar., 1894--Accepted, 5th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Marine and
other Steam Boilers.
We HENRY PERSHOUSE PARKES, of Tipton Green Chain and Anchor Works
Tipton in the County of Stafford, Chain and Anchor Manufacturer, and JOHN
MCALPINE of New Road Blackwall London Manager of Engine Works do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us bearing date the 2nd day
of September 1891 No. 14844 we described and claimed the manufacture of a
welded steam boiler, that is, a steam boiler made by welding the parts together so
as practically to form a boiler consisting of a solid cylindrical or oval shell or
body, the welding of the joint of the solid shell or body being effected by
welding rolls.
Our present invention consists principally in effecting the welding of the joint
of the solid shell or body of the boiler and the welding of the closing or end discs
in the open ends of the boiler shell by hydraulic welding apparatus of the kind and
used in the manner hereinafter described, but the last end or closing disc of the
boiler shell may be welded in its place by hand.
Our invention consists further of the method hereinafter described of welding the
last end or closing disc in the end of the boiler shell.
By our present improvements the welding operations are simplified and the welded
joints made more perfect.
In welding the heated edges or scarf joint of the boiler shell or body we proceed
as follows. After the plate from which the shell is to be made has been bent
into a cylindrical or oval form by bending rolls and an unwelded longitudinal
scarf joint formed, we heat to a welding heat the scarf joint in a forge or other
source of heat the said boiler shell being supported upon rollers. By rotating the
boiler shell upon its supporting rollers through the required angle its heated and
unwelded scarf joint is removed from the forge or other source of heat and brought
between the jaws of hydraulic welding apparatus by the operation of which as
hereinafter described the scarf joint of the boiler shell is effectually welded. The
hydraulic welding apparatus which we use consists of a pair of jaws supported upon
a travelling carriage outside the boiler shell, one of the said jaws being situated
within and the other jaw outside the boiler shell. The said jaws are provided with
dies the acting faces of which correspond in shape with the parts of the boiler shell
they are to operate upon; that is the die carried by the jaw within the boiler is
convex on its acting face while the die carried by the jaw outside the boiler is
concave on its acting face. After the heated joint of the boiler shell has been
brought between the open dies of the hydraulic welding apparatus the hydraulic
pressure is applied and the dies made to close upon and weld the portion of the
joint operated upon. By opening the jaws and giving a longitudinal movement
through the required distance to the carriage supporting the hydraulic welding
apparatus, its dies can be made to operate upon another portion of the joint and so
on till the whole length of the joint has been welded.
The edges of the boiler shell to form the joint may be reheated as often as may
|be necessary during the several hydraulic operations.

page_text: In welding the first closing end or disc in one end of the welded boiler shell we
use a flanged or scarfed end or disc of the kind shown in the Specification of the
Patent hereinbefore referred to and having put it in its place in the end of the
boiler shell the parts to be welded are raised to a welding heat by a forge or other
source of heat and by means of hydraulic welding apparatus of the kind before
described, the dies having the required shape the flanged or scarfed end or disc is
welded to the boiler shell. In welding the last closing end or disc in the end of the
boiler shell we use a disc the flange or scarfed edge of which is turned outwards in
the end of the boiler shell and we weld the joint raised to a welding heat, by means
of hydraulic welding apparatus situated wholly outside the boiler one of the dies
acting upon the outwardly scarfed edge of the closing end or disc and the other die
supporting that part of the outside of the end of the boiler shell against the inside
of which the flange or scarfed edge of the closing end or disc is welded.
During the welding of the end dises in the boiler shell the latter is rotated from
time to time so as to bring every part of the joint in turn under the operation of
the hydraulic welding apparatus.
The last disc or closing end of the boiler shell may be welded in its place by
hand instead of by hydraulic pressure.
In this case both ends of the boiler have
the same shape and both the closing discs have inwardly projecting flanges or
scarfed edges as represented in the Specification of the Patent before referred to.
The hydraulic welding tools are worked substantially in the same manner as
hydraulic rivetting tools are worked.
Dated this 2nd day of Tulu 1902
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Marine and
other Steam Boilers.
We HENRY PERSHOUSE PARKES, of Tipton Green Chain and Anchor Works,
Tipton in the County of Stafford, Chain and Anchor Manufacturer and JOHN
MCALPINE, of New Road, Blackwall, London, Manager of Engine Works,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
In the Specification of Letters Patent granted to us bearing date the 2nd day of
September 1891, No. 14844, we described and claimed the manufacture of a
welded steam boiler, that is, a steam boiler made by welding the parts together
so as practically to form a boiler consisting of a solid cylindrical or oval shell
or body, the welding of the joint of the solid shell or body being effected by
welding rolls.
Our present invention consists principally in effecting the welding of the joint of
the solid shell or body of the boiler and the welding of the closing or end discs
in the open ends of the boiler shell by hydraulic welding apparatus of the kind and
used in the manner hereinafter described, but the last end or closing disc of the
boiler shell may be welded in its place by hand.
Our invention consists further of the method hereinafter described of welding the
last end or closing disc in the end of the boiler shell.
By our present improvements the welding operations are simplified and the welded
joints made more perfect.
In welding the heated edges or scarf joint of the boiler shell or body we proceed
as follows. After the plate from which the shell is to be made has been bent into
a cylindrical or oval form by bending rolls and an unwelded longitudinal scarf joint
formed, we heat to a welding heat the scarf joint in a forge or other source of heat,

page_text: the said boiler shell being supported upon rollers. By rotating. the boiler shell
upon its supporting rollers through the required angle its heated and unwelded
scarf joint is removed from the forge or other source of heat and brought between
the jaws of hydraulic welding apparatus by the operation of which as hereinafter
described the scarf joint of the boiler shell is effectually welded. The hydraulic
welding apparatus which we use consists of a pair of jaws supported upon a
travelling carriage outside the boiler shell, one of the said jaws being situated
within and the other jaw outside the boiler shell. The said jaws are provided with
dies the acting faces of which correspond in shape with the parts of the boiler shell
they are to operate upon; that is, the die carried by the jaw within the boiler is
convex on its acting face while the die carried by the jaw outside the boiler
is concave on its acting face. After the heated joint of the boiler shell has been
brought between the open dies of the hydraulic welding apparatus the hydraulic
pressure is applied and the dies made to close upon and weld the portion of the
joint operated upon.
By opening the jaws and giving a longitudinal movement through the required
distance to the carriage supporting the hydraulic welding apparatus its dies can be
made to operate upon another portion of the joint and so on till the whole length
of the joint has been welded.
The edges of the boiler shell to form the joint may be reheated as often as may
be necessary during the several hydraulic welding operations.
In welding the first closing end or disc in one end of the welded boiler shell we
use a flanged or scarfed end or disc of the kind shown in the Specification of the
Patent hereinbefore referred to and having put it in its place in the end of
the boiler shell the parts to be welded are raised to a welding heat by a forge
or other source of heat and by means of hydraulic welding apparatus of the kind
before described, the dies having the required shape, the flanged or scarfed end or
disc is welded to the boiler shell. In welding the last closing end or disc in the
end of the boiler shell we use a disc the flanged or scarfed edge of which is turned
outwards in the end of the boiler shell, and we weld the joint raised to a welding
heat, by means of hydraulic welding apparatus situated wholly outside the boiler,
one of the dies acting upon the outwardly scarfed edge of the closing end or disc
and the other die supporting that part of the outside of the end of the boiler shell
against the inside of which the flanged or scarfed edge of the closing end or disc is
welded.
During the welding of the end discs in the boiler shell the latter is rotated from
time to time so as to bring every part of the joint in turn under the operation of the
hydraulic welding apparatus.
The last disc or closing end of the boiler shell may be welded in its place by
hand instead of by hydraulic pressure.
In this case both ends of the boiler have the same shape and both the closing
discs have inwardly projecting flanges or scarfed edges as represented in the
Specification of the Patent before referred to.
The hydraulic welding tools are worked substantially in the same manner as
hydraulic rivetting tools are worked.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings
the manner in which our invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in cross section and Figure 2 in longitudinal section the
unwelded shell or body of a marine steam boiler together with the hydraulic welding
apparatus which we use for welding the heated edges or scarf joint of the said
shell or body. In Figure 1 we have represented the shell or body supported upon
rollers during the heating and welding of its edges, but we wish it to be understood
that the shell or body may be supported by a crane or other supporting appliance
during the heating and welding operations. a is the unwelded shell or body bent
from a plate into a cylindrical figure by bending rolls and having a welding longi-
tudinal scarf joint b, the said unwelded shell or body a being. supported upon the
rollers c, c during the heating. of its scarf joint 6 by the forged (or other source

page_text: of heat) and during the welding of the scarf joint. The hydraulic welding
apparatus consists of the pair of jaws ef turning on the joint g, the said jaws being
operated by hydraulic power essentially in the same manner as the jaws of
hydraulic rivetting apparatus are operated. The welding apparatus is supported
upon a travelling carriage (not shown in the drawings) outside the boiler shell,
the acting part of the jaw e being situated within the boiler shell and the other
jawf being situated outside the boiler shell as represented. The long arms of the
jaws e, fare provided at their ends with dies e², 2, the acting faces of the said
dies corresponding in shape with the parts of the boiler shell on which they respec-
tively operate as represented in Figure 1, where it will be seen that the die e² carried
by the jaw e within the boiler shell is convex on its acting face, and the die f
carried by the jawfoutside the boiler shell is concave on its acting face. The
longitudinal scarf joint 6 of the boiler shell a having been brought to a welding
heat by means of the forge at d, the shell is turned through about a quadrant so
as to bring the heated joint b between the open dies e, f of the hydraulic welding
apparatus. The hydraulic pressure being applied to the apparatus the dies e, f
are closed upon and made to weld the portion of the joint situated between them.
The hydraulic pressure having been cut off from the jaws so as to release them
from the boiler shell, the latter on its travelling carriage has a longitudinal motion
through the required distance given to it so as to bring the dies opposite another
portion of the unwelded joint b. By again applying the hydraulic pressure the
dies e, are closed upon the last named portion of the joint so as to weld it and
so on until the whole length of the joint has been welded as will be understood by
an examination of the drawing. The joint b of the boiler shell is reheated as
often as may be necessary during the welding operation.
The open ends of the welded boiler shell have internal bevels or scarfs at h, i
to which parts the flanges of the closing ends or discs are welded.
Figure 3 represents the welded boiler shell to which the first closing end or
disc k is applied ready to be welded, the said closing end or disc k having a flanged
or scarfed edge. In welding the first closing end or disc k in the end of the boiler
shell, we use the hydraulic welding apparatus represented in Figure 4, the said
welding apparatus resembling generally that represented in Figures 1 and 2; that
is to say, it consists of the two jaws e, f one arranged inside and the other outside
the boiler shell, the dies e, f of the said jaws having the configuration necessary to
enclose between them the scarf joint of the two parts to be welded together and the
curved part of the closing end or disc k as represented. After the scarfed end of
the boiler shell and the scarfed part or edge of the closing end or disc k have been
raised to a welding heat, the hydraulic welding tools are operated so as to weld a
portion of the joint. Having welded a portion of the joint, the boiler shell and disc
are turned through a small angle so as to bring an unwelded part of the joint between
the open dies ef of the jaws when the said dies are again closed so as to weld
another portion of the joint. In this way the flanged or scarfed edge of the disc /
is welded in the boiler shell a as will be understood by an examination of Figure 4.
Figure 5 represents a marine boiler in which the last end or closing disc
marked is welded in the bevilled-end i of the shell by hand. In this boiler both
ends of the boiler have the same shape and both the closing discs have projecting
flanges or scarfed edges which are welded to the scarfed or bevilled ends of the
boiler shell.
In welding the last closing end or disc in the end of the boiler shell by hydraulic
welding tools we use a closing disc of the kind represented in Figure 6 and give
the discs of the welding tools the configuration represented in the said Figure 6.
That is to say, we use a closing end or disc m the scarfed or flanged edge of which
is turned outwards in the end of the boiler shell, and we weld the joint, raised to
a welding heat, by operating from time to time the hydraulic welding dies e, f of
the jaws e, f and turning the boiler through the required angle to bring a fresh
portion of the joint under the operation of the dies. It will be seen that the lower
die e³ which is curved acts upon the outwardly scarfed edge of the closing end or

page_text: disc m while the other die ³, supports the outside of the end of the boiler shell
against the unbevilled inside of which the flange or scarfed edge of the closing end
or disc m is welded.
Both ends of the boiler shell may be closed by discs or closing ends of the kind
represented in Figure 6 and marked m and both the said discs may be welded in
the ends of the boiler shell by hand.
My improvements in welding the closing ends or discs in the shells of boilers are
applicable to flat ended boilers, dish ended boilers and egg ended boilers, and in
applying my improvements to land boilers I proceed substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described and illustrated with respect to marine boilers. When how-
ever land boilers of great length are required we prefer to proceed in the following
manner and as illustrated in Figure 7, which represents a long land boiler and the
hydraulic welding apparatus which we prefer to use for welding together the parts.
of which the long boiler is made. In this modification we make the boiler of three
(or more) tubular parts or shells marked respectively n, o, p the tubular shells n
and p being closed at their outer ends by welded discs in the manner before.
described, the other ends of the shell n and p being open. The middle tubular
shell o of the boiler is open at both ends. The welding of the longitudinal joint of
the shells n, o, p and the welding of the outer ends or closing discs in the shells n, p-
are effected in the manner herein before described. The open ends of the middle
shell o are provided with flanges and the inner open end of each of the shells π
and p is provided with a flange, the said flanges been formed on the boiler shells.
after the welding operation. The abutting flanges of the shells n, o, p are
marked q, q.
In connecting together the three parts or shells n, o, p of the boiler, the
flanges 9,
are temporarily bolted together, pierced ears being left at intervals on
them for that purpose, and the flanges being raised to a welding heat they are-
welded together preferably by the use of hydraulic welding tools of the kind repre-
sented in Figure 7 and marked e, e²; f, f, the boiler being turned from time to time
so as to bring every part of the abutting flanges in turn under the operation of the.
hydraulic welding tools. The acting faces of the dies e, f of the welding tools are-
in this case flat for operating upon the flat faces of the flanges q, q to be welded
together. The flanges q, q may be welded together by hand. By this method of
flanging and welding together the parts of a long boiler great rigidity and strength
are given to it. This method of manufacture may be applied to marine boilers as-
well as to land boilers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention.
and the manner in which the same is to be performed we declare that we claim as.
our invention of "Improvements in and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Marine-
and other Steam Boilers ":-
First. Manufacturing welded steam boilers by closing the last end of the welded
tubular shell or body or both ends of the said shell or body by means of discs or
closing ends having outwardly projecting flanges or scarfed edges, arranged and
welded in the open end or ends of the shells substantially as herein before described
and illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. Manufacturing welded steam boilers of three (or more) welded tubular
shells the ends of which are welded together by means of abutting flanges on the
several shells the welded shells constituting the end parts of the boiler being closed
at their outer ends by welded flanged or scarfed discs or closing ends substantially
as herein before described and illustrated in Figure 7 of the accompanying
drawings.
Thirdly. Welding the heated longitudinal scarf joints or edges of tubular shells.
of steam boilers and welding the closing ends or discs in the ends of the said tubular
shells by means of hydraulic welding apparatus constructed and used in the manner
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings; also welding
together the abutting flanges of several welded boiler shells, so as to manufacture

page_text: therefrom a long steam boiler, by means of hydraulic welding apparatus of the kind
and used in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated the Twenty-first day of March 1894.
HENRY PERSHOUSE PARKES.
JOHN MCALPINE.