Improvements in connection with Rubber Tyred or Faced Wheels.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 6th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 4th Dec., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Rubber Tyred or Faced Wheels.
I, JAMES JOSEPH WARRY, of 12 Hampden Street, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be
as follows:-
This Invention has reference to wheels, the bearing or rubbing surfaces of the
peripheries of which are of rubber; and the kind of wheels to which the invention
relates are vehicle wheels of various kinds to which the invention is applicable,
pullies or wheels of machines, or used in machinery of different kinds, and other
wheels and pullies of various kinds.
My Invention has for its object, amongst other things, to provide a means for
holding rubber tyres in their rims, and a construction by which they can be readily
placed in position and taken off; and also to provide special forms or constructions of
such tyres and parts.
A wheel or pulley, say for example, a vehicle wheel according to this invention,
has an india-rubber tyre of solid form; or as hereafter described, at each side and at
the base of which, where the tyre is held onto the rim or periphery of the wheel,
there is a groove of suitable formn; and in these grooves solid cords of rubber or
rubber-compound, cane, or other suitable material, are placed, the grooves in the
tyre being made to receive say half of this cord or band. Then outside of these
cords, there is at each side an inturned metal channel plate or rim which fits over or
grasps the outside of the cords and holds the tyre in position; and one or both of
these two plates is or are adapted to be moved, so as to enlarge the space between
them to enable the tyre to be taken out of place, when this is required to be done,
and for gripping it, when the tyre is fastened in position. This disconnecting and
fastening channel plate or plates is or are moved, that is fastened or unfastened, by
bolts and nuts, which pass through or into the periphery or rim on which the tyre is
fastened, or by other suitable holding means.
In the case of a vehicle wheel, the rubber tyre will stand above the metal fastening
edges, it being carried up direct from the upper edges of the fastening plate, and
then inwards, giving considerable depth of rubber outside same. In a modified form,
the fastening portions at the base of the tyre may be brought in towards one another,
comparatively closely; and the body of the tyre carried out from thence in circular
or approximately circular form, but in such a manner that when weight is put upon
the tyre, and the rubber compressed, it will not be cut or injured by these edges.
In a modified construction of tyre under this invention, the outer part or tyre
proper of the wheel or pulley, is of compound construction; that is, it consists of an
outer part being of rubber, and an inner part forming a core of material of a yielding
nature, but comparatively inexpensive, such as ordinary "soft" packing, used for
packing stuffing boxes of steam engines. This core, in one case, is of circular form;
and in another case, it fills the centre of the outer rubber part, and extends down to
the base of the tyre.
According to these latter constructions of compound tyres, they could be made by
quirting or pressing the rubber through dies, and passing out through the die.

page_text: simultaneously therewith, the core portion; such portion being suitably guided, and
moved along with the rubber as it is pressed out, so that the whole tyre portion is
made at one operation.
1000
Improvements in connection with Rubber Tyred or Faced Wheels.
I, JAMES JOSEPH WARRY, of 12, Hampden Street, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to wheels, the bearing or rubbing surfaces of the
peripheries of which are of rubber; and the kind of wheels to which the invention
relates are vehicle wheels of various kinds to which the invention is applicable,
pullies, or wheels of machines, or used in machinery of different kinds, and other
wheels and pulleys of various kinds.
My Invention has for its object, amongst other things, to provide a means for
holding rubber tyres in their rims, and a construction by which they can be readily
placed in position and taken off; and also to provide special forms or constructions
of such tyres and parts.
A wheel or pulley, say for example, a vehicle wheel, according to this invention,
has an india-rubber tyre of solid form, or as hereafter described, at each side; and
at the base of which on each side where the tyre is held onto the rim or
periphery of the wheel, there is a groove of suitable form; and in these grooves
solid cords of rubber or rubber - compound, cane, or other suitable material, are
placed, the grooves in the tyre being made to receive say half of this cord or
band. Then outside of these cords, there is, at each side, an inturned metal
channel plate or rim, which fits over or grasps the outside of the cords, and holds
the tyre in position; and one or both of these two plates is or are adapted to be
moved, so as to enlarge the space between them, to euable the tyre to be taken out
of place, when this is required to be done, and for gripping it when the tyre is
fastened in position. This disconnecting and fastening channel plate or plates is or
are moved, that is fastened or unfastened, by bolts and nuts, which pass through or
into the periphery or rim on which the tyre is fastened, or by other suitable holding
means.
In the case of a vehicle wheel, the rubber tyre will stand above the metal fastening
edges, it being carried up direct from the upper edges of the fastening plate, and
then inwards, giving considerable depth of rubber outside same. In a modified form,
the fastening portions at the base of the tyre may be brought in towards one another,
comparatively closely; and the body of the tyre carried out from thence in circular
or approximately circular form, but in such a manner that when weight is put upon
the tyre, and the rubber compressed, it will not be cut or injured by these edges.
In a modified construction of tyre under this invention, the outer part or tyre
proper of the wheel or pulley, is of compound construction; that is, it consists of an
outer part being of rubber, and an inner part, forming a core, of material of a yielding
nature, but comparatively inexpensive, such as ordinary "soft" packing, used for
packing stuffing boxes of steam engines. This core, in one case, is of circular form;
and in another case, it fills the centre of the outer rubber part, and extends down to
the base of the tyre.

page_text: According to these latter constructions of compound tyres, they could, in some
cases, be made by squirting or pressing the rubber through dies, and passing out
through the die, simultaneously therewith, the core portion; such portion being
suitably guided, and moved along with the rubber as it is pressed out, so that the
whole tyre portion is made at one operation. Or, the core portion could be inserted
in the recess of the rubber after its manufacture.
The Invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
which illustrate several modifications of it, as applied to an ordinary horse vehicle or
carriage, or other similar carriage wheels; each figure being a sectional view, and
representing a modification; and these I will now describe seriatim. In all the
figures, and their descriptions, the same letters of reference are used to denote the
same or equivalent parts wherever they occur: and in the first six figures or
modifications, four parts, namely, the outer rubber tyre a, rim b, cords c, and
plates dd, appear; while on the others all these parts do not appear.
Figure 1: In this construction, the solid rubber tyre a rests upon the felloe or
rim b, and is held thereon by means of the two cords c-which are of comparatively
hard rubber compound, cane, textile cord, or the like, and two side plates, clamped
onto the opposite sides of the felloe by the bolts and nuts e, the tyre a being provided
at each side at the lower corners with grooves, corresponding with the cords c, which
practically fill them. It will be seen, in this modification, that the holding plates
consist of two parts, the channelled or grooved parts d in which the cords fit, and the
part d' by which they are fastened to the sides of the felloe. One of these plates,
say the outer plate of the wheel, is provided with a horizontal plate or web d², which
extends across the face of the periphery of the felloe b, and rests upon it; whilst
the tyre a rests upon this plate.
In providing a wheel, nccording to this invention, in which the holding plates d, d¹,
are provided with the peripheral plate d, this plate is preferably permanently
secured onto the felloe in any suitable way. And, to place the tyre a in position on
the wheel, and secure it, the cord c being in position in the stationary or fixed plate,
and the other plate removed, the tyre is slipped on over the side of the wheel, and
the loose plate d d with its cord c, is placed on the side of the wheel in the proper
position, the nuts of the bolts e are screwed up, and the two plates d d at either
side, and the whole thing drawn and clamped up hard. The tyre is thus held on
radially by means of cords c, and it is held in place laterally by the outer channelled
parts d of the plates.
The wheel shewn in Figure 2 is of the same construction as that shewn in
Figure 1, except that the cords c in this case are hollow, and made of rubber, and
adapted to be inflated, by air; they being preferably blown up through a tube shewn
in dotted lines and designated x, and a valve commion to the two tubes, so that the
one valve controlls both tubes. Of course, these tubes would be inflated after the
tyre is placed in position, and clamped up by the plates d³.
Figure 3: This shews a modification in which the body of the tyre a above the
edges of the plates d is larger in diameter than the distance between the edges of
such plates. Also, in this case, the tyre is of compound form; that is, it consists of
an outer part a, of rubber; and an inner part f, forming a core, relatively hard, yet
of a yielding character, such as ordinary soft, packing." used for packing in stuffing
boxes of steam engines, which is of comparatively small cost. In the example shewn,
this core extends from the centre of the rubber part a to the base of the tyre; but if
desired, it may form an entirely internal core, i.e. be surrounded with the rubber
of a, as indicated in the dotted line. In this modification there is also shewn
holding on plates, in which one, the permanently attached one, consists only of a
grooved or channelled part d and a horizontal part d, extending round, and
secured onto, the periphery of the felloe b. The other fastening plate, in this case,
consists of a channel part d and a web part d', adapted to be bolted or screwed onto
the side of the wheel, as in the former cases, and constituting the plate by means of
which the tyre a can be slid or placed sidewise on the rim into position, and
taken off.

page_text: The modification shewn in Figure 4, is a construction practically similar in all
respects to that shewn in Figure 3, with the exception that the tyre is all rubber,
instead of a compound kind; on in other words, the construction or arrangement of
holding on plates and parts illustrated in Figure 3, is shewn applied to a solid rubber
tyre of the form and kind shewn in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 5 shews another modification in respect of the clamping or holding on
plates. Namely, in this case, both plates are identical in form, consisting simply
of clamping parts d d', without a peripheral web or plate, fitting, and bolted, or
otherwise suitably fastened, onto the opposite side of the felloe. The base o: inner
part of the tyre a in this case (unless it is provided with a layer of material as shewn
in Figure 6, hereafter described) comes in contact with the periphery of the wood
felloe
The modification shewn in Figure 6, shews improvements according to the
invention, applied to a wheel having a wooden felloe shod with an ordinary iron tyres.
In this case, as in the modification shewn in Figure 5, the side holding on clamp
plates are identical in form-that is, without a peripheral web or plate, and are bolted
or screwed through or to the side of the felloe; whilst the base of the tyre a resta
upon the outside of the iron tyre. In this case, the portions d of the plates, which
fit over the side of the wheel, are shewn scolloped or cut away, with parts, at
such frequent intervals as required, extending from the body inwards, to take the
fastening bolts or screws. Or, in lieu of this, these plates may be screwed onto the
edges of the tyre.
This modification also shows a lamina or layer k between the rubber a, and the
tyre, and extending out on either side, and up between the cords c, and the
plates d. The lamina represents a strip of canvas, or other suitable material,
fastened by rubber solution, or other adhesive, to the bottom or base of the rubber
tyre. Also, in this case, the grooves in the tyre a are formed in it a notable distance
up from the base, thus forming a body of rubber a* between the cords and the
base, and rendering the parts below the cords, by which the tyre is held on the rim,
stronger. This feature is shewn in some of the other figures or modifications
illustrated, and is preferable in all cases. The compound tyre, consisting of the outer
rubber part a, and internal core f, shewn in Figure 4, may of course be
employed in this modification; while, on the other hand, the canvas or other lamina
or strip k, may be used in any of the other modifications or cases specified.
By this latter construction (namely Figure 6), not only is the invention adapted
to be applied to existing carriage wheels, but such wheels can be either used as a
rubber shod, or metal shod, wheel, at will; it being merely necessary when
converting from rubber shod to iron shod, to take off the plates d, and the rubber
tyre; and, vice versa, in converting from iron shod to rubber shod.
The next three modifications and Figures, namely, Figures 7, 8 and 9, shew a
part of the invention applied to fastening or holding pneumatic tyres on the rims
or felloes of the wheels of horse vehicles or carriages, motor cars, and the like;
whilst Figure 10 shews a wheel according to this invention in which the holding
plates also constitute the rim.
With regard to figure 7, this shews the holding plates d d arranged and adapted
to hold a rubber inflated or pneumatic tyre upon a carriage wheel, wherein such tyre
is of the single tube type, having protruding tubular edges a¹, and flaps a³ at the
base, preferably fastened by rubber solution or the like. The tubular edges a¹ are
inflated with air, together with the interior of the tyre. In this case, the plates d d
hold the tyre a in position, both in a radial direction, and also in a lateral direction;
and when one of them is removed, the tyre a can readily be slid laterally off the
felloe b, or placed in position.
Figure 8 shews a modification in which bulbous edges a¹ of the tyre consist of a
core of rolled canvas, cord, or the like, to which the rubber and canvas of the body
of the tyre is suitably secured, as by threading the cores through canvas pockets at
the edges; while within this outer case there is an inner tube a³, which is inflated in
the ordinary manner of a pneumatic tyre. These enlarged edges or cores may serve

page_text: to hold the tyre on the rim in a radial direction; whilst the plates d d¹ bold it on in
a lateral direction, and also enable it to be withdrawn in a lateral direction, when one
is removed, and placed on. Or, if the edges or cores are not stretchless, the plates d d¹
will be adapted to hold the tyre on the rim radially, as well as permit it to be easily
slid on and off laterally, by removing one of these plates.
The modification shewn in Figure 9. is practically the same as that shewn
in Figure 8, except that the edges a¹ of the outer cover or tyre are represented as
having within them internal wires a, which are endless, or fastened so that
practically no movement of the tyre can take place radially; whilst the plates d d'
hold it on laterally, and by removing one of them, enable it to be taken off and
placed on the rim laterally, quite readily. This means or method of enabling a tyre,
whether pneumatic or solid, to be slid laterally, or readily taken on and off, a rim, by
the removal of a side plate, is very advantageous, and affords considerable
conveniences and facilities in taking tyres with stretchless edges off, and placing them
on, the folloes or rims of carriage and like wheels.
In the modification shewn in Figure 10, the plates d d serve both to hold the
tyre in position, and also as the rim of the wheel. In this case, a lateral web or
plate is provided on each plate, and one rests, when in position, upon the other,
and keeps the two plates in the required position in relation to each other, in a
radial direction. The tyre is held in position laterally, and the plates d d¹ brought
together, by the bolts e, which are provided at required intervals round the tyre or
rim; while they are prevented from being drawn in too much when screwing up
these bolts, by tubular distance pieces e, fitting over the bolts, or provided at
suitable points round the wheel. When the spokes of the wheel are of the tension
type or consist of comparatively thin metal rods, they may be, as in the case shewn,
conveniently fastened to the flanges d' of the holding on plates. When it is required
to take the tyre off a rim, or put it on the rim, it is only necessary to take off the
holt nuts, and draw the plates away from one another, as it will then he released,
and can be readily taken off. Of course, the reverse order of operations has to be
performed when the tyre is put back again.
It may be stated that the plates d d may be nickel plated, or made in any
ornamental form, or perforated, scolloped, or cut away, along the inner edge, as
desired; or they may be plain and painted,-in some cases let in so as to be flush
with-and made to appear part of the rim.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The herein described improvement in or connected with rubber tyred or faced
wheels, namely, a wheel in which the tyre or rubber portion is enabled to be placed
or slid on and off the wheel felloe or rim, laterally, by the removal of a removable
side plate or plates; substantially as set forth.
2. A rubber tyred or faced wheel comprising a solid rubber or hollow ring or tyre,
and a felloe or rim, in which the rubber tyre or ring is held on by means of plates,
holding it (the tyre or ring) by the lower corners, one or both of which plates
is or are fastened or held in position by side fastenings; substantially as set
forth.
3. The herein described improved rubber tyred or faced wheel, comprising a solid
rubber tyre or ring a, felloe b, cords c, and a metal holding on plate at each side of
the felloe, one or both of which is or are secured onto the side of the felloe, the
rubber portion or tyre or ring being provided with a groove at each side in which the
said cords fit, and by which it (the tyre or ring) is held on the rim; acting as and
for the purposes set forth.
4. In or for a rubber tyred or faced carriage wheel, a compound solid elastic tyre,
comprising an outer part of rubber, and an inner core of the kind herein described,
in the lower part of the tyre; arranged and adapted to act substantially as set forth
with reference to, and shewn in the drawings.

page_text: 5. In a rubber tyred or faced wheel, the combination of grooved or channelled
rubber, or rubber and other material tyre or ring a, or a f, felloe b, cords c, and
plates dd; all substantially as herein set forth with reference to and shewn in the
drawings.
6. Rubber tyred or faced wheels, comprising the constructions and improved
features, as set forth, respectively, with reference to and shewn in the different
Figures or modifications of the drawings.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON.
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15 Water Street, Liverpool.