IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL PALATES AND GUNS, AND IN THE MODE OF SETTING OR FIXING NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CUTHBERT
DINSDALE, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Dentist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of April, in the thirteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Cuthbert Dinsdale, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Cuthbert Dinsdale, my
exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Cuthbert
Dinsdale, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL PALATES AND
GUNS, AND IN THE MODE OF SETTING OR FIXING NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL
TEETH;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said Cuthbert Dinsdale, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same
to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
Inore fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Cuthbert Dinsdale, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, refer-
ence being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My improvements in the manufacture of palates and gums consist in
making them of thin metal (of such a kind as will resist the action of all
acids likely to be received into the mouth), and coating them or partially
coating them with a substance (also capable of resisting vegetable acids) which
will represent the natural appearance of the palate or the gum. As a con-
sequence of this improved manufacture of gum, great support and stability will
be given to the teeth, and a far closer imitation of nature will be presented than
can now be attained by the ordinary mode of setting artificial or natural teeth.
I will first describe my Invention in its relation to the gums and teeth, and
I will afterwards explain its application to the manufacture of palates.
In manufacturing a complete set of teeth for a mouth deprived of teeth,
and in which the alveolar process of both jaws is of consequence absorbed, I
first make à model in wax of the upper and lower jaws, and from such models
I manufacture two plates which shall fit those parts of the mouth. As these
two plates are only to be used temporarily for fitting the teeth to the mouth,
they may be made of copper or any other suitable metal. I then take
a set of teeth (mineral tube teeth by preference, as they are not subject
to decay from the action of vegetable or other weak acids), and fit them
in their places on the metal plates with vertical pins, according to the
ordinary practice. I then model upon each of the plates and around
the teeth (in wax or other plastic material) a gum, to represent the
natural gum which has been absorbed, taking care to fit the work into
the mouth from time to time, in order that while supplying the deficiencies
of the mouth the proper form may be obtained for restoring the
natural expression to the face. All the teeth having been thus fitted in their
places, and a wax artificial gum-modelled thereon, I next take the teeth off the
pivots, leaving the wax on the plates, taking care that the wax sockets are left
entire and are not disturbed, so that they may always fit the teeth; .I then
take a cast of the wax model and metal plates with plaster of Paris, and as I
shall require a cast of both sides of the model belonging to each jaw (that is
to say, of the metal plate which fits 'the-mouth as well as the artificial gum),
the plaster cast must be made in two pieces, so that it will come off the
model without injuring it. One half of each model will therefore be a cast of

page_text: the part that fits the mouth, and the other half will be a cast of the
wax gum that has the sockets for the teeth made therein. From the
two plaster casts I then cast two metal ones, in zinc or other suitable metal. I
then dip them in melted lead or other soft metal, as is generally done in
such cases, the zinc serving the purpose of a die, and the softer metal the
purpose of a counter die. I then strike a plate of gold or other suitable
metal of a proper thickness into each die, and bring it up-with-punches-until
each plate fits the dies. The two plates are then fitted together, leaving a
hollow space between: A proper joint corresponding to the edge of the dies is
then made, and the two plates soldered together, and a metal alveolar process,.
with the sockets for the teeth marked thereon, is thus produced. The upper
plate, which is intended to form the gum, is cut out where marked for the
teeth, and the teeth are placed in their proper sockets or holes, and a mark
made through the tube of the teeth for the pivot to be soldered into the plate,.
which when done, and the teeth properly fitted, the inner surface of the
alveolar process or inner sides of the plates is coated with enamel, after which
the teeth must be placed upon their respective pivots in the sockets, and then.
soldered or left to be fixed by the enamel alone. The outer surface, or that
which is intended to represent the gum, is then coated with enamel of a
suitable color, which must be run or melted on; and as the enamel is brought
up to and made to adhere to the teeth, the latter will be firmly fixed altogether,.
and will form one piece. Previous to this the tubes of metal which come
through the teeth may be removed so far down into the tooth as to admit of
enamel of a color to match, the teeth being melted in so as to fill the tube at.
the end, which melting operation can be done when the outside surface is run..
Care must however be taken that the solder used for causing the metal parts
to adhere together be of a quality to resist the heat required to melt the
enamel, and the enamel must melt at a lower temperature than will melt the
teeth used. The enamelling may, if desired, be extended over that part of the
surface of the plate which comes in contact with the mouth, but I prefer
leaving that part uncovered with enamel. The spring carriages or clasps.
required to fix the piece in the mouth are of the ordinary kind, with this.
exception, that the spring carriages are made thicker than usual, so as to.
admit of the pivot on which the swivel works being screwed through into the
cavity of the alveolar process, and thereby made to fill the hole which has been
left to allow the air to escape. This mode of attaching the spring carriage
admits of the springs being changed with facility. I would here observe that
the spring carriages must be attached before the enamelling process has been
completed.

page_text: In fixing natural teeth into gums constructed as above, the enamelling
must be performed with the teeth out of the gum, otherwise they would be
injured by the heat, and they are cemented or fastened on to their pivots in
the usual way, being supported and strengthened and kept in their places by
the artificial gum, without the advantage of the enamel adhering to them, as is
the case with mineral teeth.
In order that my Invention may be more clearly understood, I have shewn
in the accompanying Drawing various views of my improved mode of fixing
artificial teeth.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a complete set of seeth fixed in artificial gums
according to my improved plan.
Fig. 2 is a view of the under side of the upper jaw.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view, which will explain more clearly the manner in
which the wax artificial gum is modelled round the teeth, on the temporary
metal plate, which is seen at a. The teeth are mounted on pivots c secured
to the plate, and the wax gum d is modelled thereon, as above mentioned.
Fig. 4 is a section taken through Fig. 2 at 1.... 1. Upon inspecting this
Figure (which is drawn to double the real size), the gold plate will be seen
covered inside and out, except on the under side, with red enamel, which
adheres to the teeth, and firmly holds them in their sockets.
Artificial palates I construct by first taking a wax model of the mouth
where the deficiency exists, and then taking a cast in plaster of Paris, and
afterwards in zinc and lead, as before stated for artificial gums. A metal plate
must then be made to fit the zinc die, and care must be taken to see that it
also fits the mouth. A wax arch or palate must then be modelled upon this
plate as near as possible to the form of what the roof of the mouth ought to
be, and when this is completed a cast must be taken from that in plaster of
Paris, and zinc and lead dies made as in the former case. Gold or other metal
plates, as the case may require, are then struck up by means of the lead and
zinc dies, leaving the part hollow between the plate which will come against
the mouth and the plate, which will form the artificial palate, and against
which the tongue will come. Care must be taken that the cavity is made
impervious to moisture, by screwing a pivot into the hole which may be
required as an air hole in soldering and enamelling the parts. If thought
desirable, the enamelling may be extended over the whole surface; but I prefer
leaving that part uncovered with enamel that comes against the roof of the
mouth. These improved palates are fixed in the mouth with clasps round the
teeth or spiral springs, as the case requires.
Having now described my Invention, and the best means with which I am

page_text: at present acquainted for carrying the same into operation, I would observe, in
conclusion, that I do not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise form,
construction, and arrangement of parts herein shewn, nor to the exclusive use
of any particular metal or metals; but that which I consider to be new, and
therefore wish to claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is the manufactures of hollow metal gums, and
coating the same-with-enamel,-whereby an increased support will be afforded
to the teeth, and a close approximation (in appearance) to nature will at the
same time be attained. I also claim the manufacture of palates, as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Cuthbert Dinsdale, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of October, One thousand