IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO DRYING MACHINES FOR YARN AND TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Hacking and Thomas Hacking,
both of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, and
James Mollison, of Bolton, in the said County, Yarn Agent,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES, PART OF
WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO DRYING MACHINES FOR YARN AND TEXTILE
FABRICS."
Sealed the 26th November 1872, and dated the 28th September 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry
Hacking, Thomas Hacking, and James Mallison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th
September 1872.
We, WILLIAM HENRY HACKING and THOMAS HACKING, both of
Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, and JAMES
MALLISON, of Bolton, in the said County, Yarn Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING MACHINES,
PART OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO DRYING MACHINES POR YARN AND TEXTILE
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in the use of one or more revolving fans,
each of which is placed inside a wince or cage, and supported by suitable

page_text: bearings in a steam chest of a semicircular form; also in conducting the
yarn, cloth, or other material to be dried round the above-mentioned
winces or cages and over rollers in a pyramidical or triangular
direction; also in casing in or enclosing the winces, fans, steam chests,
and rollers so as to allow the hot air to escape only at the apex of the
triangle or pyramid; also in the application of a countersbaft to drive
sizing and drying machines at a slow speed. The countershaft has
on it two drums, one of which is driven by means of spur wheels at
a very slow speed, the object of which is to obviate the necessity of
entirely stopping the machine in cases of repair or for other temporary
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Henry Hacking, Thomas Hacking, and
James Mallison in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 27th March
1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
HENRY HACKING and THOMAS HACKING, both of Bury, in the County
of Lancaster, Machine Makers, and JAMES MALLISON, of Bolton, in the
said County, Yarn Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Henry Hacking, Thomas
Hacking, and James Mallison, Her special licence that we, the said
William Henry Hacking, Thomas Hacking, and James Mallison, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
William Henry Hacking, Thomas Hacking, and James Mallison, our
executors, adininistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SIZING MACHINES, PART OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO DRYING MACHINES FOR YARN
AND TEXTILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the

page_text: said William Henry Hacking, Thomas Hacking, and James Mallison,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Henry Hacking,
Thomas Hacking, and James Mallison do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
:―
Our improvements consist in the use of one or more revolving fans,
each of which is placed inside a wince or cage, and supported by suitable
bearings in a steam chest of semicircular form; also in conducting the
yarn, cloth, or other material to be dried round the above-mentioned
winces or cages and over rollers in a pyramidal or triangular direction;
also in casing in or enclosing the winces, fans, steam chests, and rollers
so as to allow the hot air to escape only at the apex of the triangle or
pyramid.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the two accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters
marked thereon. The same letters referring to the same part in the
various views or figures.
Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, Sheets 1 and 2, represent part of a sizing
machine, shewing various arrangements of our improved air drying
apparatus and its connection with the sizing machine, in each of which
No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 represent separate drying compartments,
No. 1, No. 3, and No. 4 being in section, and No. 2 an end elevation of
the same. In Fig. 1 the steam chests 9 are of one piece and of a
semicircular form. In Fig. 2 the steam chests 9, 9, 9, are made in three
parts for facility of construction. In Fig. 5 the side steam chests 9, 9, are
made to form part of the division between the drying compartments, each
chest thereby helping to heat two drying compartments, by which means
a saving of material is effected. In Figs. 4 and 6 a combination of flat
steam chests or circular steam chests or pipes, are shewn at 9, 9, 9.

page_text: In Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 a and b represent the ordinary copper and
pressing rollers of the sizing machine; c, a conducting roller, under
which the yarn passes; d, d, are conducting rollers for guiding the yarn
or cloth in and out of the several drying compartments. In Figs. 1, 2,
and 5 ff, are guide rollers or winces made of pipes or rods attached to a
discs or ends revolving on the bosses of the brackets which carry the fans.
In Figs. 4 and 6 f. f, represent ordinary conducting rollers in lieu of
the large conducting roller or wince shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 5; in Figs. 1,
2, 4, and 5, e, e, represent fans which are driven at a high velocity for the
purpose of creating a current or circulation of air. The fans are fed with :
air at the apertures n, n, n; h, h, represent the ordinary conducting and
measuring rollers of the sizing machine; and i is the weavers' yarn beam.
In Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6, k, k, l, l, and q, q, represent the casings used
for enclosing the heated air generated by the steam chests 9, I, I ; m,
m, represent the apertures through which the exhausted air escapes, being
driven upwards by the fans e, e. The size of the apertures is regulated
by the rollers d, d, which are capable of being placed nearer or further
apart as required. The frame sides or ends which carry the steam chests
in each drying compartment are closed for the purpose of enclosing the
air, and not open as in ordinary machines.
In Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6, o, o, o, represent the passages in the air
chamber, which are for the purpose of warming the air by contact with
the under side of the steam chest 9 before it is admitted into the drying
compartment. In Fig. 3 a plan of the air passages is shewn, in which
the arrows indicate the course taken by the air as it is drawn into the
drying compartments by the fans e, e. The air enters at n, and passes
along the passages o, o, during which time it is in contact with the over-
lying steam chest 9 until it arrives at p, whence it is conducted upwards
through the trunk p, see Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6, and delivered to the centre
of the fans e, c.
The mode of working our improved apparatus is a follows:-The yarn
or cloth is passed over the conducting roller ✔ of the drying compartment
No. 1, and downwards under the conducting rollers or wince f, ƒ, and
upwards over the second conducting roller d, thereby partially encircling
the fan e; it then passes to the conducting roller d of the drying com-
partment No. 2, through which it is conducted in a similar manner,
thence to the drying compartments No. 3 and No. 4. The fan e draws the
aud

page_text: air in at the aperture n, and along the passages o, o, o, the air being heated
by its contact with the steam chest g. The fan then drives the warm air
on to the warp or cloth to be dried, and upwards in the direction of the
aperture m, where having exhausted its drying powers it is allowed to
escape. The upper side of the lower steam chest g, and the two side
steam chests 9, 9, are employed in raising the temperature of the several
drying compartments to assist the drying process.
Figs. 6 and 7 represent a modification of our improved drying
apparatus, in which, instead of employing a fan in each drying
compartment, we connect the drying compartments together at the top
by means of the trunk and casings r, s, t. The fan u is placed in the
trunk t, and by exhaustion draws the air upwards through the lower
aperture n, the passages o, o, the trunk p, and upwards through the top
aperture m, and the passage or trunk t. The air thus exhausted by the
fan us is discharged upwards in the direction of v. By thus dispensing
with the fans in each drying compartment we are enabled to employ a
larger heating surface of flat or circular steam chests as shewn in Fig. 6,
at g, g. We also conduct the yarn or cloth to be dried over three
conducting rollers, as shewn at f,f.f, in Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 represents a modification of this arrangement, in which,
instead of the fan u in Fig. 6, we employ a steam jet w, for the purpose
of exhausting the air from the several drying compartments.
Although the Drawings represent four drying compartments to each
machine we do not limit ourselves to this number, but employ a lagrer
or less number of drying compartments to suit the class of work which
is intended to be operated upon.
We wish to remark here that we stated in the Provisional Specification,
filed on applying for Letters Patent, that our Invention consists "also in
the application of a countershaft to drive sizing and drying machines at
) a slow speed to obviate the necessity of entirely stopping them in cases
of repair or for other temporary purposes." Since filing the said
Provisional Specification we have found that the same is not particularly
beneficial.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said
5 Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we
desire it to be understood that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise
details given, and that we do not claim any of the well-known parts of

page_text: sizing and drying machines described or delineated to illustrate the mode
of applying our Invention, but what we claim as our Invention is,—
First. The mode of casing or enclosing each drying compartment so
that the whole of the heat generated by the steam chests is utilized, as
shewn and described.
Secondly. The mode of conducting the yarn or cloth to be dried in a
vertical or triangular manner, so that each vertical layer of yarn or
cloth is operated upon by separate steam chests in combination with
fans.
Thirdly. The employment of the air chamber, shewn and described in
reference to Fig. 3, for the purpose of warming the air before its
admission into the separate drying compartments.
Fourthly. The arrangement, shewn in Fig. 6, of exhausting the air by
means of one fan instead of the employment of separate fans for each
drying compartment.
And Fifthly. The modification shewn in Fig. 7, consisting of the use
of a steam jct, for the purpose of exhausting the air from the various
drying compartments.
In witness whereof I, the said Thomas Hacking, for myself and
on behalf of the said William Henry Hacking and James
Mallison, have hereto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth
day of March One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
TTA O TTARINA