IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUCOSE
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE
"
SPECIFICATION.
I LÉON BARBIER of 15 Rue des Halles, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLUCOSE and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has for its object the simplification of the manufacture of glucose
syrups, and relates to the separation from the juice proceeding from the complete
and direct saccharification of vegetable substances, and particularly of grain, of the
albumenoid and nitrogenous matters, by the means employed in the manufacture.
of crystallisable sugar, that is, by the operation known as clarification or double
carbonation (défécation au double carbonatation).
The process comprises the following operations:-(1) The division or reduction
of the vegetable matter or grain, preferably by boiling, bruising or tearing, and
dilution; (2) the saccharification of the divided and diluted matter by the aid
of acids or of diastase; (3) clarification (defecation) by the process of double.
carbonation (carbonatation) or by some analogous process.
The bleaching or decolouration of the juices is effected in the same way and by
the same apparatus as in the ordinary manufacture of glucose obtained in treating
starch or fecula, previously extracted from amylaceous materials, by the various
operations of grinding, bruising, washing, sifting, drying, storing, etc; operations,
which according to this invention. are suppressed. Thus the process is rendered
more simple, and more certain, and the return is increased.
To effect the boiling of the vegetable matter, there is employed a boiler of the
kind used in some instances in the manufacture of alcohol. It is filled two thirds
full of water, and has a self acting stopper by which the vegetable matter or grain
to be disintegrated and boiled is introduced from a hopper above. A shaft
provided with arms traverses the axial line of the boiler in which it rotates for the
purpose of agitating the contents. Steam is injected into the lower part of the
boiler through cocks or valves and perforated tubes, and a centrifugal pump is
provided to establish a circulation of the contents of the boiler, and to disintegrate
or break up the solid portions. The circulation commences as soon as the boiling
is considered to be sufficiently advanced. If the saccharification is not effected
in the boiler the boiled disintegrated and diluted material is drawn under pressure
into the saccharificator where it is treated with steam and acids or diastase. The
saccharified liquor is then withdrawn, and after having been saturated with chalk

page_text: and filtered it is received in a carbonating vessel (cuve à carbonater). In this
there is a perforated pipe through which carbonic acid enters and agitates the
mass, which is heated by a steam jacket. The residues retained by the filter
are treated with bisulphide of carbon to extract the oil which they contain.
When the carbonation (carbonatation) is completed the clarified juice is received
in a settling tank. The upper part is decanted in the ordinary way; the lower
part, thick or muddy, is filtered, and then the whole is decolourised on charcoal
filters (filtres à noir), and concentrated in an evaporating apparatus.
The above described process is applicable to all vegetable materials besides
amylaceous matters, and even to saccharine matters, it being understood that the
sugar is inverted and rendered uncrystallisible.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are elevations
of the boiler used in this process. Fig. 3 shews the saccharificator, and Fig. 4. the
carbonating vessel. A (Figs. 1 and 2) is the boiler; it has an opening with a
stopper C, situated under a hopper B for the introduction of the vegetable matter.
D is a shaft provided with armis and.driven by a pulley and strap to agitate the
contents of the boiler. E E are valves or cocks, communicating with internal
perforated pipes for the introduction of steam. F is a small centrifugal pump
which serves to establish at a given moment a circulation of the contents of the
boiler, and, at the same time effects the disintegration of the solid portion. To
this end the moveable portion of the pump is roughened or serrated, and works in
correspondence with a similar surface on the fixed portion or case in which there
is a belt or zone into which the contents of the boiler are drawn. A two way
cock G allows the material in the boiler to be directed either to the pump, or
through the tube H to the saccharifying vessel. I is the circulating pipe. The
boiled, disintegrated, and diluted material is carried under pressure into the
saccharifier J which is provided with a testing pipe K, and with a perforated
injector-tube M. By means of this latter steam is introduced to work the liquor
into which acids or diastase is added. The saccharified liquor is withdrawn by the
tube N, and after having been saturated with chalk and filtered it is received into
.the carbonating vessel in the bottom of which is arranged the perforated pipe R.
Through this the carbonic acid enters, while the vessel is warmed by steain
conducted into the jacket by the tube T. The condensed water escapes by the
pipe U. The vessel is emptied by raising the plug V.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In the manufacture of glucose syrups treating by defecation substantially as
hereinabove described impure juices that have been obtained by complete and
direct saccharification under pressure from amylaceous or other materials previously
boiled disintegrated and diluted.