IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Porecky, of Bishopsgate Street
Within, in the City of London, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Porecky
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th May 1853.
1, ALEXANDER PORECKY, of Bishopsgate St Within, in the City
of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARA-
SOLS" to be as follows:-
44
My improvements apply particularly to a peculiar mode of forming
the ribs and stretchers of umbrellas or parasols from one piece of
metal, or the ribs out of one piece and the stretchers out of another
piece of metal, or the ribs out of one piece of bamboo cane or whale-
bone, and applying thereto stretchers formed out of one piece of
metal.
And for the better understanding of my said Invention, and for the

page_text: more readily carrying of the same into effect, I shall now proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, in which the same letters of
reference apply to similar parts throughout.
Fig. 1, shows the frame of an umbrella or parasol A, A, A, formed
by splitting a bamboo cane or whalebone, represented by No. 1, into
eight strips or ribs throughout its length, except a short space from the
end, as a, to a; the stick B', B', is then inserted into the centre of A,
at a; and the ribs A, A, are expanded by the stretchers C, C, united
to the short tube D, sliding on the stick, which stretchers are formed
out of one oblong sheet of metal, represented by No. 2, one inch broad
or thereabouts, cut into eight strips, but all left attached at one end to
form the short tube D, which tube can be retained in its place on the
stick by a proper catch.
Fig. 2, shows the ribs A, A, and the stick or handle B, B, all made
out of one narrow oblong sheet of metal, represented by No. 3, by
cutting from A, A, to B, into eight strips, each one eighth of an inch
broad or thereabouts, to form the ribs by being bent over, as repre-
sented in No. 4, so as not to be closely pinched at a, but slightly ringed
or looped to prevent their breaking off. The stretchers C, C, and
tube D, are formed as before described.
Fig. 3, shows the ribs A, A, stretchers C, C, and tube D, D, all
formed out of one long ribbon of sheet metal cut into 8 strips, one
eighth of an inch or thereabouts in breadth, represented by No. 5, and
left attached to the end piece D, D, which being turned into the form
of a tube, the stick B', B', slides therein, and being attached at the
end a, to the several ends of the metallic ribs by means of a ring, the
parasol or umbrella may be expanded by holding D, with one hand,
and pressing upwards the stick B, B', with the other hand.
I would here observe, that in Fig. 3, the ribs A, and the stretchers C,
are bound by a small flat metal ring, or by rivetting at b; but in Figs. 1,
and 2, this junction of the ribs with the stretchers may be effected by
any suitable hinged fastening. By these arrangements of ribs I
entirely dispense with the ordinary top notch or wheel, and umbrellas
or parasols made according to my Invention have fewer turning jointed
fastenings than usual.

page_text: Having thus described three methods of manufacturing the ribs,
stretchers, and handles of umbrellas or parasols, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not restrict myself to the same, as these may be
modified, neither do I restrict myself to any particular dimensions or
form or material for covering frames so constructed; but what I claim
as my Invention is,-
The manufacture of umbrellas and parasols, the frames being formed
wholly out of one, two, or three pieces or strips of metal, or partly
formed out of split bamboo cane or whalebone, as described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Porecky in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 25th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J,
ALEXANDER PORECKY, of Bishopsgate Street Within, in the City of
London, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Porecky, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Porecky, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as J, the said Alexander Porecky, my ex-
ecutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Porecky, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great

page_text: Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Porecky, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
My said improvements apply particularly to a peculiar mode of
forming the ribs and stretchers of umbrellas or parasols from one piece
of metal, or the ribs out of one piece and the stretchers out of
another piece of metal, or the ribs out of one piece of bamboo cane
or whalebone, and applying thereto stretchers formed out of one piece
of metal.
And for the better understanding of my said Invention, and for the
more readily carrying of the same into effect, I shall now proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, in which the same letters of
reference apply to similar parts throughout.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a vertical section showing the arrangement of the frame
of an umbrella or parasol A, A, A, formed by splitting bamboo cane
or whalebone, as represented by the diagram No. 1, into eight strips
or ribs throughout its entire length, excepting only a short space from
the end, as a, to a¹; the stick B', B', is then inserted into the centre
of the solid end A, at a; and the ribs A, A, are expanded by the
stretchers c, c, united to the short tube D, sliding on the stick, which
stretchers c, c, are formed out of one oblong piece of sheet metal,
represented by the diagram No. 2, one inch broad or thereabouts, cut
into eight strips, all attached at one end, which is left uncut to form the
short tube D, which tube can be retained in its place on the stick by a
proper catch, as customary.
Figure 2, is a vertical section showing the ribs A, A, and the stick or
handle B, B, all made out of one narrow oblong piece of sheet metal,
represented by the diagram No. 3, by cutting the portion from A, A,
to B, into eight strips, each being one eighth of an inch or thereabouts

page_text: in breadth, to form the ribs by being bent over; as.represented in the
diagram No. 4, observing not to pinch them too closely at the bend a,
where they should be slightly ringed or looped to prevent their
breaking off; the stretchers c, c, and the tube D, are formed as before
described.
Figure 3, shows in a vertical section the ribs A, A, stretchers c. c, and
tube D, D, all formed out of one long ribbon of sheet metal cut into
eight strips, one eighth of an inch or thereabouts in breadth, repre-
sented by the diagram No. 5, from which the ribs are formed by
bending these strips about the middle of their original length back-
wards; and the uncut end piece D, D, being made into a tube, the
stick B, B', slides therein; and to the end of the stick at a, the
several ends of the metallic ribs may be secured by a ring or other
suitable means; the umbrella or parasol can then be expanded by
holding the tube D, with one hand, and pressing the stick upwards
with the other hand. When the eight strips are not cut through the
sheet metal at the opposite end a, it will serve to form the ring for the
top of the stick B¹.
I would here observe, that in Figure 3, the ribs A, and the stretchers c,
are bound by a small flat metal ring by rivetting or by any other
suitable contrivance at 6; but in Figures 1, and 2, this junction of the
ribs with the stretchers may be effected by hinged fastenings, as usually
practised. By these arrangements of ribs I entirely dispense with
the ordinary top notch or wheel; and umbrellas or parasols made
according to my said Invention will have fewer turning jointed fasten-
ings than usual.
Having thus described three methods of manufacturing the ribs,
stretchers, tubes, and sticks, or handles, of umbrellas or parasols, I wish
it to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the same in respect
to form, dimensions, or number of parts, as these may be considerably
modified, neither do I limit myself to any particular material for
covering frames so constructed, nor to the metal for such frames,
although I generally prefer steel for strength and elasticity. And what
I do claim as my Invention is, namely:-

page_text: The manufacture of umbrellas and parasols, the frames being formed
wholly out of one, two, or three pieces or strips of metal, or partly
formed out of split bamboo cane or whalebone, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Porecky, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1853.
ALEXANDER PORECKY. (L.S.)

page_text: LONDON Pted by GEORCE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 18.53.