matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS, CUFFS, AND NECKLETS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Payne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1879.
EDWARD JOHN PAYNE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS, CUFFS, AND NECKLETS."
This Invention consists in covering metal, vulcanite, or other resilient material
capable of being bent or curled into a ring or helical coil with fur, leather, chenille,
plush, or other similar material capable of following the twist or curl which may
be given to that metal or other core, so that the set or curl of the article when
complete may be that of a ring or series of rings or volutes of a coil; or I cover or
partially cover a core of metal or resilient material with beads, blocks, or short
tubular forms of any solid materials. By this method I form self closing bracelets,
cuffs, or necklets in endless variety of material, colour, and form.
MENTS IN BOTTLES AND STOPPERS FOR AËRATED OR GASEOUS LIQUIDS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bowers Fitch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1879.
"
WILLIAM BOWERS FITCH, of 5, Little Britain, in the City of London. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOTTLES AND STOPPERS FOR AËRATED OR GASEOUS LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in bottles and stoppers for aërated or
gaseous liquids, whereby a portion of the contents of the bottles may be drawn off
as required without it being necessary to entirely empty the bottle.
In carrying out my improvements the upper part of the neck of the bottle is
preferably curved or formed at an angle, and with a cylindrical chamber or receptacle
placed obliquely, such chamber or receptacle serving to receive the stopper, as
hereinafter described. The upper end of this chamber or receptacle is closed, and
the lower end is open and serves as the mouth of the bottle for the discharge of the
contents, also for filling.
In the said receptacle I place a cylindrical stopper of glass, porcelain, or similar
material, such stopper being of slightly less diameter than the interior diameter of
the said chamber or receptacle; after the said stopper is introduced into the chamber
or receptacle the lower end or mouth of this chamber is contracted so as to be of
less diameter than the stopper. In a suitable recess in the lower end of the stopper
I fit a washer or ring of india rubber, cork, or other suitable material, and which
when the bottle is filled will form an elastic seating against the contracted bottom
of the said chamber or receptacle.
Or I may employ a spherical stopper, in which case the said chamber or receptacle
is provided with a suitable elastic seating.
To fill the bottle the stopper is pushed to the upper part of the oblique chamber
or receptacle so as to leave the opening of the neck free, and as soon as the bottle is
filled the stopper being released will fall by its weight to its seat and close the
bottle, the internal pressure keeping it tight against its seat. To open the bottle
the stopper is raised by any suitable means either attached to or separate from the
bottle, so as to allow a portion of the contents to be withdrawn, and if the stopper
be released it will fall to its seat by its own weight, as hereinbefore described, and
close the bottle. By this means it will be understood that either the whole or a
portion of the contents of the bottle may be discharged as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING PATTERNS IN RELIEF ON INDIA RUBBER SURFACES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Hildebrandt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1879. A communication
from Franz Clouth, of Nippes, near Cologne, in Germany.
ALBERT HILDEBRANDT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING PATTERNS IN
RELIEF ON INDIA RUBBER SURFACES." A communication from Franz Clouth, of
Nippes, near Cologne, in Germany.
The Invention consists in the production of patterns on the surface of india
rubber by means of perforated sheets of metal or other suitable materials in the
following manner:-
Upon a metal plate or other suitable plain surface a sheet of indiarubber or
caoutchouc is placed before the same is vulcanized, and which may or may not be
lined, interleaved, or interwoven with fabric. Upon this soft indiarubber or
caoutchouc surface is placed a perforated plate of iron, brass, zinc, or other metal or
material, the perforations in which correspond to the pattern which it is desired to
produce. Upon this perforated plate another sheet or plate of metal or other
suitable material with plain surface is placed, and then another sheet of rubber as
before, and so forth, until the pile has reached the desired height, when it is placed
in a press and pressed until the cavities of the perforations in the metal plates are
filled out by the soft india rubber. In this state the pile is kept while it is being
subjected to the vulcanizing process, after which the reliefs will be permanent and
correspond in depth to the thickness of the perforated plate that produced them.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF UNTANNED HIDES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Edward Yates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1879.
WALTER EDWARD YATES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF UNTANNED HIDES."
This Invention relates to the preparation of untanned hides for the manufacture
of picking bands and check straps used in looms for weaving, and also for the
manufacture of straps or belting for driving machinery, the object of the Invention
being to give increased pliability and durability to the untanned hides, and to
enable them to be used with advantage instead of tanned hides or leather for the
above purposes.
I take the untanned hides, and steep them in water for about twenty-four hours
(more or less). I then remove them and plunge them in a solution or mixture of
about equal parts of glycerine and water, in which I allow them to remain for about
six days (more or less). I next transfer the hides into a stronger mixture or solu-
tion composed of about two parts of glycerine to one of water, in which they are
again steeped for about six days, more or less.
After this I remove them and place them in a solution of oleic acid, and allow
them to remain there for about three days, (more or less,) after which they are
taken out, hung up, and dried ready for use.
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Greenwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1879.
THOMAS GREENWOOD, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester.
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"IMPROVE-
In weaving Brussels carpets and other like fabrics it occasionally happens that
the pile wires are not inserted perfectly straight or that they droop, the result of
which is that the closing in of the looped pile is not always uniformn, and that the
warp not being equally stretched is liable to get cut.
Now my Invention consists in fitting to the breast plate of the loom a series of
what I term "fingers," which are countersunk or let in flush with the breast plate,
and are adjustable therein by means of slots and screws. Each of these fingers has
a blade, the upper edge of which is inclined, and which projects beyond the edge of
the breast plate. The pile wire rises over and rests steadily upon these blades, so
that any displacement or doubling under of the wire and cloth as the sley comes up is.
avoided, and the reeds of the sley pass between the blades, and are saved in closing
the cloth.
By this Invention a firm bed for the cloth is obtained, the finger blades
supporting it while the warp chain ends are allowed to go up to the edge of the
breast plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING EVAPORATION AND THE FORMATION OF ICE IN WET GAS METERS AND OTHER APPARATUS WHERE WATER OR OTHER LIQUID IS USED, WHICH IT IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT FROM EVAPORATING OR FREEZING, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSES OF REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Stainton, Hot Water Engineer, of 26, Liverpool
Street, in the Parish of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PREVENTING EVAPORATION
AND THE FORMATION OF ICE IN WET GAS METERS AND OTHER APPARATUS
WHERE WATER OR OTHER LIQUID IS USED, WHICH IT IS NECESSARY TO
PREVENT FROM EVAPORATING OR FREEZING, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING
ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSES OF REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Stainton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1879.
WILLIAM STAINTON, Hot Water Engineer, of 26, Liverpool Street, in the Parish
of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
OF PREVENTING EVAPORATION AND THE FORMATION OF ICE IN WET GAS METERS
AND OTHER APPARATUS WHERE WATER OR OTHER LIQUID IS USED, WHICH IT IS
NECESSARY TO PREVENT FROM EVAPORATING OR FREEZING, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS
BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSES OF REFRIGERATING AND FREEZING.".
In order to accomplish the objects set forth I mix with the water or other liquid
which is used to charge the meter or apparatus chloride of calcium (Ca Cl) in such
proportions as to raise the specific gravity of the solution to 1.260 or thereabouts, at
which density no perceptible evaporation takes place and thus the water line in the
meter or apparatus is constantly maintained at its proper working level, which
insures correct registration of the quantity of gas passing; also this solution being
itself practically incapable of becoming frozen may be made to circulate in contact
with a freezing or other refrigerating mixture so as to convey the refrigeration to
a distance from its source in the same manner as ordinary hot water apparatus
conveys heat.
"
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as my Invention, the use of a solution of

page_text: chloride of calcium (Ca Cl.) of about the specific gravity of 1.260, for the purposes
above described substantially as set forth."
In witness whereof, I, the said William Stainton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord
-One-thousand-eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
THOMAS STAINTON,
26, Liverpool Street,
King's Cross,
Veterinary Surgeon.
WILLIAM STAINTON. (L.S.).
IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR TURBINES OR WINDMILLS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1879. A
communication from abroad by Friedrich Hartmann, of Braunschweig, in the
German Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of No. 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR TURBINES OR WINDMILLS." [A communication
from abroad by Friedrich Hartmann, of Braunschweig, in the German Empire.]
According to this Invention two or more scoop shaped vanes are mounted on a
vertical axis, so that the wind in entering the hollow of the scoop at the time
presented to it will cause the vanes to revolve. The scoops are according to one
arrangement formed with curved vertical sides closed in by flat plates at top and
bottom. At one. part of the curved surface are provided a number of louvre blades
so arranged that the wind entering the hollow vane will close the blades, but that
in blowing upon the convex or back surface of the vane the wind will force open.
the louvre blades, and so pass freely through the vane. The axes of the louvre
blades have levers or pullies to which are attached cords or chains led over guide
pullies to a main pulley loose on the turbine shaft, to which pulley a break can be
applied, so that when it is desired to lessen the speed or power of the turbine this
is effected by appling the break so as to retard the rotation of the pulley, whereby
this in winding up the cords or chains draws all the louvre blades more or less open,
so as to let the wind pass through more or less freely. On releasing the break, the
cords are drawn back by springs, so as to allow the louvre blades to close again.
According to another arrangement the vanes are constructed with the top and
bottom surfaces inclined, and in the bottom inclined surface are formed either louvre
blades or openings with flaps operating in the same manner as above described.
According to another arrangement the vanes have no openings in their back
surface, and are enclosed either by a fixed cylinder with louvre blades all round, or
by a rotatable cylinder having one or more openings at one part of its circumference.
In the first case those louvre blades are opened which are presented to the quarter
from which the wind blows, so as to admit it to the vane of the turbine which
presents its hollow to the opening; in the second case the cylinder is turned so as
to present its opening to the wind. In either arrangement adjustable blades or
screens projecting from the cylindrical casing may be provided for directing the
wind into the openings.
A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR RAISING SUNKEN SHIPS OR VESSELS OR OTHER BODIES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th February 1879. A
communication from abroad by Carl Brava, Hugo Eidner, and Moriz Kolischer,
all of Vienna, Austria.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
RAISING SUNKEN SHIPS OR VESSELS OR OTHER BODIES." [A communication from
abroad by Carl Brava, Hugo Eidner, and Moriz Kolischer, all of Vienna, Austria.]
The object of this Invention is to obviate the difficulties and inconveniences
experienced in raising sunken vessels or other bodies by the methods hitherto
employed.
The characteristic feature of the new method is, that no connection is necessary
between the body to be raised and the surface of the water.
I generate gas under water, fill this gas into balloons, and utilize the buoyancy
of the latter for raising the ship or other body. For this purpose receptacles
containing proper materials for the production of gas, such as a salt of soda and
sulphuric acid, for instance, or others (the materials being separated from each
other), are brought under water and the ship is filled with such receptacles, or the
bodies to be raised are attached to the receptacles. Then by means of a screw or
handle or other suitable device fixed to the said receptacle the acid is caused to
mix with the salt contained therein, and the gases thereby generated enter into and
fill a balloon which is attached to the receptacle and closes the same hermetically.
An automatic safety valve fitted to the receptacle or to the balloon regulates the
pressure of gas in the balloon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING BY GAS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1879. (A communication from
abroad by Edmond Constant Tardieu, of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING BY GAS." (A communication from
abroad by Edmond Constant Tardieu, of Paris, in the Republic of France.)
One part of this Invention is designed to obviate the use of hydraulic sliding
joints or packing in sliding pendent gas lighting apparatus, and consists in the
application for this purpose of flexible tubing able to bend or roll up, or to straighten
or unroll as the sliding or vertically moveable part of the apparatus is raised or
lowered.
The flexible tube is fixed at its upper end to a pipe with a fixed teat shaped
part, and at its lower end to a similar tubular part or centre, which may be raised
and lowered.
A chamber of suitable capacity (and which may be of a somewhat flattened
circular shape), is arranged to receive the flexible. tube which becomes rolled up
therein when the sliding or vertically moveable part of the apparatus is raised, and
unrolled or extended when that part of the apparatus is lowered.
Another part of the Invention relates to the application of a gas reservoir in
front of the burners, and in communication with the tube leading to the said
burners only by small holes, so arranged as to attenuate the flow of gas and prevent
it arriving rapidly at the burning point. This arrangement has for object the
prevention of the disagreable whistling sound which occurs at times, and of the
variation of the flame, and economy in consumption results.
Another improvement in gas lighting apparatus forming part of the Invention
relates to an arrangement designed for the purpose of producing when required a
small flame adjusted to serve as a night light, this being effected by an obturator
arranged in the barrel of the cock, and which allows of the passage of only a very
small quantity of gas, just sufficient for a night light. The flame may when desired
be caused to assume its normal regulated intensity and dimensions by simply
detaching the obturator without its being necessary to touch the regulating cock.
This arrangement effects economy in the consumption of gas.

page_text: Another part of the Invention has reference to the sheaths, cases, or parts of
pendent sliding gas lighting apparatus, which more or less envelope the central
sliding or vertically moveable tubes, rods, or parts. Such sheaths or cases are,
according to this Invention, made elastic, so as to obviate straining of the attach-
ments of the upper parts of the apparatus to the ceiling by oscillations of the
suspended apparatus.
The elasticity may be obtained in various ways, as, for example, by the use of
material of an elastic nature to form the said sheaths, cases, or enveloping parts, or
by connected rings or zones, or by a connection shaped somewhat like the
figure 3.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CHECKING THE MONEY RECEIVED BY SERVANTS ATTENDING ONMIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES FOR PASSENGERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Corcoran and John Corrigan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1879.
PETER CORCORAN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Stonemason, and
JOHN CORRIGAN, of the same Place, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF CHECKING THE MONEY RECEIVED BY SERVANTS ATTENDING ONMIBUSES AND
OTHER VEHICLES FOR PASSENGERS."
Our Invention consists in a method to be adopted by the proprietors of vehicles
for checking the amount of money. received by their servants. For this purpose
we propose that the servant shall be supplied with tokens, one of which he shall
deliver to a passenger when the fare is paid, and that these tokens when returned
to the proprietor shall have a money value above the sum which has been paid, so
that there is an inducement to the public to demand the tokens, and as they are
issued to the servant in given numbers he is accountable for an equal number of
fares. The token may vary in value for inside or outside passengers or half fares,
each bearing its own amount of money value; but we propose as an additional
inducement to raise the fares nominally, the excess to be returned on the return of
the tokens, and with a further discount if desired, but in cases where there is more
than one rate of charge the advantage will rest with the passenger in obtaining a
right money value token.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING STARCH RESIDUES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Manbré at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1879.
ALEXANDRE MANBRÉ, of 14, Walbrook, in the City of London, Manufacturing
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING STARCH RESIDUES."
This Invention consists in improvements in the treatment of the residues of starch
called "wash " arising from the manufacture of starch from cereal and other
starchy substances, the object of the improved treatment being to obtain from such
residues dextro, glucose, spirit, vinegar, or like products.
It is well known that in the manufacture of starch large quantities of "wash"
are produced, a small proportion of which is now used for feeding pigs, but the
bulk is thrown away as waste.
Now I have found that by subjecting this wash acidulated with suitable acids
to the action of heat varying from 225° to 325° Fahrenheit, I am enabled to
obtain from the wash several products, such as dextro, glucose, spirit, vinegar, or
like products.
The process I prefer to use is as follows:-
I take about one thousand gallons of the wash and pour it into a vat. I keep
the wash stirred up. I then add to it about one gallon of oxalic acid, one gallon
of hydrochloric acid, one pound of chlorure of sodium, and two gallons of sulphuric
acid. When the whole is well mixed, I introduce the mixture gradually into a
closed apparatus called a "converter," and capable of withstanding a pressure of
one hundred pounds to the square inch, admitting meanwhile into the "converter
steam of not less than seventy five pounds pressure; when the whole is introduced
the boiling soon begins and is continued until the said wash is suitably converted
for producing dextro, or worts for spirit and vinegar, or glucose.
"
The conversion being completed the solution is passed through a filtering medium
for eliminating the solid residue from the solution; the clear solution is then
conveyed into a receiver, in which the neutralization of the acids is proceeded with;
the neutralized solution is then passed again through a filter, and the clear solution
is then ready to be dealt with for producing dextro, glucose, spirit, vinegar, or like
products.
The neutralized solution having been passed through a filtering medium, as
herein-before described, the clear solution is then ready to be subjected to fer-
mentation in the case of producing spirit or vinegar, but in case of producing
dextro-mucilage or glucose, the water has to be evaporated in the well known
manner, and until it has acquired the proper consistency required by the trade.
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO TINS OR RECEPTACLES FOR PAINT AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES FOR FACILITA. G THE DISCHARGE OF THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: "IM-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mander John Smyth at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1879.
MANDER JOHN SMYTH, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford.
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO TINS OR RECEPTACLES FOR PAINT AND OTHER LIKE
SUBSTANCES FOR FACILITA. G THE DISCHARGE OF THE SAME
"
My said Invention relates to tins or receptacles for paint and other like sub-
stances, and consists of improvements whereby the discharge of the same from the
tin or receptacle is facilitated.
In carrying out my Invention I fit to the bottom of the tin a screw extending
throughout the height of the tin, and so arranged as to be capable of turning
without any longitudinal or end motion. On this screw fits a piston tapped with
an internal screw thread so as to be capable of being raised and lowered along the
screw by turning the latter, the piston being by preference lined or packed with
paper coated with gelatine (for example) or lined or packed with any other suitable
material. When it is required to fill the tin the piston is brought to the mouth of
the tin, and over the same is soldered or secured an end or cover, having an aperture
through which protrudes the end of the screw suitably shaped for the reception of
a turning key. The tin may be filled through an aperture in the bottom, which is
subsequently soldered up or closed, an orifice fitted with a suitable slide or
regulating device being provided, say for example at the side, for the discharge
of the paint.
When it is required to discharge the whole or any portion of the contents of the
tin the slide or regulating device is opened and the screw is turned by means of the
turning key; the piston is thus caused to descend, forcing out the paint through
the discharge orifice to the extent which the piston is lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR MANGLES AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lockwood and Henry Herbert
Andrew at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May
1879.
WILLIAM LOCKWOOD and HENRY HERBERT ANDREW, both of Sheffield, in the
County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR MANGLES AND OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
Our Invention relates to improvements in the construction and manufacture of
springs for mangles and other similar purposes, and has for its object the production
of a simple and inexpensive spring.
In carrying out our Invention as applied (for example) to the production of what
we term our three plate spring, we use spring steel, the underside of which is slightly
concave and the top slightly convex, two lengths of which are curved to the desired
shape.
Two short lengths are so made that a portion of their length rests upon and
corresponds with the two long plates, but their ends, which meet in the centre of
the long plates, are turned upwards, and are clasped by a cap which is made to fit
over them; a screw or bolt, which is secured to the cap, passes through the opening
formed by the two concave surfaces of the short plates, and through a hole made
through the two long plates, and is secured by a nut or rivetted.
Our single spring is made in the following manner, viz.:-The steel is rolled by
preference in eccentric rolls with a concave underside, and on the top with a rib,
which by the action of the rolls is made taper from the centre or thereabouts to
each end of the plate; the plate is then curved and hardened for the screw of the
mangle to act upon. We prefer to construct a slide block, which may be passed on
the end of the spring plate, and secured in the centre by a screw or other
means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS HOLDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph George Rollason at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th, March 1879.
JOSEPH GEORGE ROLLASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturing Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESS HOLDERS."
My Invention consists in stamping or otherwise forming two pieces of suitable
metal into such a shape that when secured together by an eyelet they form a half
circle or other suitable curve, the eyelet acting as an hinge, the metal continuing
on each segment or curve at right angles sufficiently into the centre that they can
be secured by rivetting or otherwise to two circular or other shape hollow bosses or
plates of metal, into which I secure two pieces of india rubber or other suitable
material. I next take a piece of wire and so bend it that it will act as a spring or
lever, the two ends of which are secured (one on each side) to one of the segments
or curves by a rivet or pin, the said rivet serving as an axis, allowing the spring or
lever to be drawn backwards or forwards over the periphery of the corresponding
segment or curve, so that when drawn down into corresponding position to the
rivetted end on the other segment and held there by a suitable recess or detent it
will hold the two segments or curves together, causing the pieces of india rubber
(secured to the bosses or plates) to press against each other. In use the holder is
secured to the girdle of the wearer by a jump ring or other suitable connection
passing through the eyelet which connects the two segments or curves together;
the holder is then opened by withdrawing the spring or lever which causes the two
segments or curves to spring open by the spring or lever coming in contact with a
small stud on outside of one of the segments or curves untill a sufficient portion of
the dress is taken in or placed between the two bosses, when the slightest pressure
upon the spring or lever causes it to slide downwards into the detent or recess,
thereby closing the two segments or curves together (more or less, according to the
quantity of the dress placed between the bosses or plates containing the india
rubber, the form or elasticity of the spring or lever allowing for the expansion) and
suspend the dress in perfect security, to remove which the spring or lever has to be
withdrawn from the recess or detent to release the dress immediately. To facilitate
the opening of the holder a small spring can be secured inside one of the segments

page_text: or curves of a suitable shape, so that it will press or exert its force against the
corresponding segment, keeping the holder expanded untill the spring or lever is
passed down into the recess or detent. In carrying out my Invention various
modifications in detail may be used, as instead of stamping the segment or curves
I can cast them or make them of metal tube. They can be variously ornamented or
elaborated in design.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN NEEDLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustavus Adolphus Köttgen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1879. A
communication from abroad by Messieurs Borgartz and Company, of Iserlohn,
Westphalia, in the German Empire.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS KÖTTGEN, of the Firm of John Batt & Company, of Old
Broad Street, in the City of London, Merchants. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN NEEDLES."
A communication from abroad by Messieurs Borgartz and Company, of Iserlolin,
Westphalia, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to an improvement in needles, whereby many other
advantages are obtained than with those at present in use.
For the purposes of the Invention the needle is provided with two eyes drilled
one above the other, that is to say, in the direction of the length of the needle.
By preference, the eyes are drilled of different sizes. As the thread can be drawn
through both eyes it is thus prevented from becoming loosened or displacing itself,
and thereby all chafing is avoided.
By drilling the eyes of different sizes, the same needle can be used for fine or
coarse thread, or silk, as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1879.
JOHN SHAW, of the Neptune Engine Works, Low Walker on Tyne, in the County
of Northumberland, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of steam boilers in an improved
manner and more particularly so as to raise steam rapidly, boilers made with the
improvements being well adapted for steam fire engines, and also in other cases
rapidity of generation of steam is required, or where the diminished size which
such rapid generation admits of is of importance.
In carrying out the Invention the fire gases or hot gaseous products of combus-
tion are passed through pipes or casings which are surrounded by the water of the
boiler, and which are kept in motion so as to agitate the water and cause the
various parts of it to be brought more rapidly in contact with the heated pipes or
casings, than when the circulation in the water is only that caused by the simple
action of the heat on it.
In one modification suitable for a fire engine, a pipe or tube which receives the
fire gases passes through a stuffing box into the boiler, inside of which it communi-
cates with one end of an enlargement divided into spaces by a middle partition,
the other end of the enlargement communicating with a pipe or tube in the same
line as the first, and passing out through a stuffing box at the opposite part of the
boiler shell. The two spaces of the enlargement are made to communicate with
each other by numerous curved pipes arranged round them, the outer parts of these
curved pipes being by preference inclined. The piece consisting of the central
enlargement with its connecting pipes, and the end pipes or tubes passing through
the stuffing boxes is made to rotate either continuously in one direction, or back-
wards and forwards, and either by means of a toothed wheel fixed on one of the pipes
externally, or in any other convenient way.
AN IMPROVED SMOKING APPLIANCE OR IMITATION CIGAR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alexander at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th January 1879. A communication from
abroad by Albert Alexander, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
HENRY ALEXANDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
SMOKING APPLIANCE OR IMITATION CIGAR." A communication from abroad by
Albert Alexander, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for its object the construction of an apparatus to be applied
to an ordinary cigar holder for the purpose of smoking tobacco and to give the
appearance of smoking a cigar.
Now, this Invention consists of a metallic tube, by preference hinged together
longitudinally in two halves to facilitate the introduction of the tobacco, and which
tube is slipped into an outer casing or sheath having the appearance of a cigar,
this outer casing being arranged to fit any ordinary cigar bolder. It is preferred
that an annular space should be left between the tube and the sheath hereinbefore
mentioned, and that this part of the tube as well as its end should be perforated to
facilitate ventilation through the same.
MENTS IN ENVELOPING OR COVERING YARN."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Milner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1879.
SAMUEL MILNER, of Beeston, near Leeds, in the County of York.
MENTS IN ENVELOPING OR COVERING YARN."
" IMPROVE-
That in covering or enveloping yarn made of a cheap material (such as jute,
aurat, cotton, shoddy, silk waste, or other similar materials, or a mixture of any or
all of these materials) with a sliver of a finer or better material, as may be desired,
so as to make a cheaper cloth, blanket, carpet, drugget, or other such goods.
The covering of a cheap or low priced yarn with a finer or better material has
been practised for many years, but my improvements consist in passing the yarn
made of jute, surat, cotton, shoddy, silk waste, or other similar material between
guides, and then over a small roller and between the stripper in the condenser, so
that it comes in contact with the sliver as it comes from the doffer and before it
enters the rubbers, when by the action of the rubbers the sliver of the finer or
better material will envelope the said yarn made of a cheaper material so that it
will not be seen, but will appear when woven into cloth, blankets, carpets, druggets,
or such like goods, as if it were all made of the finer or better material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES TO PRODUCE RIBBED OR PLAIN LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1879.
HENRY CLARKE, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES TO PRODUCE
RIBBED OR PLAIN LOOPED FABRICS."
To a circular machine making either ribbed or plain looped fabrics which delivers
the fabric downwards I secure two vertical rods which are left parallel to each
other by a cross piece at their lower end. There is a second cross piece having a
hole at or near each end through which the vertical rods pass; this cross piece
carries a roller at its top side and a weighted stem on its lower side on which other
weights may be adjusted; either or both ends of the roller cross piece projects
beyond the vertical rods and operates one or more horizontal rocking levers secured
on a vertical rod, which is carried by brackets, in the lower one of which the centre
of the two vertical rods first named revolve. The rocking levers operate a haminer
lever which strikes a bell, and the rod also carries one or more inclines which raises
the starting lever of the head, so that a spring causes it to throw the driving clutch
or wheel out of gear. The descending fabric is passed beneath the roller and
secured to a cross piece carried by the vertical rods beneath the driving wheel of
the head, thereby doubling the fabric as the weighted roller descends.
I sometimes employ two rollers on the cross piece and pass the fabric under one
and over a third roller below the frame head, then under the second roller before
securing the end to the cross piece below the head.
By such means I can register the production of any given length or lengths of
the fabric as made by simply adjusting the horizontal rocking lever or levers where
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES AND OTHER DRESS ORNAMENTS OR DECORATIONS
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Frederick Meyer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1879.
SAMUEL FREDERICK MEYER, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BROOCHES AND OTHER DRESS ORNAMENTS OR
DECORATIONS."
My Invention is designed more particularly for securing brooches in place,
although it may be used for attaching other ornaments and military or other
decorations to garments, and my Invention consists in pointed spikes projecting in
opposite directions beyond the ends of a hollow straight bar at the back of the
brooch and pushed outwards by a spring contained within the bar, so that by
compressing the spring they may be retracted to enable their points to be forced
through the cloth in opposite directions when the spring is released, and thus securely
attach the brooch or other article to the garment. The spikes are fixed to metal
bands, which embrace and slide along the bar, and are each attached to a head or
other device which may form part of the front of the brooch or other ornament,
provided with a stud that projects through a longitudinal slot in the bar into the
interior thereof. Between these studs the spiral spring is confined so as to push the
bands carrying the spikes towards the ends of the bar. The ornamental heads
afford a means of compressing the spring in order to retract the spikes, as above
described, for attaching or detaching the brooch.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHIRTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1879. A.
communication from abroad by Charles Donnet, Shirtmaker, of Rue de l'Hotel
de Ville, Lyons, in the Republic of France.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIRTS." A communication from abroad by Charles Donnet, Shirtmaker,
of Rue de l'Hotel de Ville, Lyons, in the Republic of France.
The object of the present Invention is to replace the fixed and moveable buttons
hitherto employed for closing or fastening shirts by an arrangement of clasp made
of fabric similar or not to that of the shirt, and which is fixed to it by means of
sewing, without the intervention of any metallic or other solid article.
I will describe the Invention as applied to a shirt opening in front.
One breast or half of the "front," say the right breast, carries at its edge a loop
fixed firinly and closed at its two ends, the width of which is preferably about half
that of the distance the two halves of the front overlap each other. The left breast
or half front carries at the same height as the loop a flap or fly connected to the
edge of the said breast or half front by sewing; this flap of strong fabric starched
similarly to the front passes under the loop, and thus constitutes a solid invisible
closing means sufficiently flexible to prevent inconvenience to any movement of the
wearer.
This clasp obviates the wear of shirts, the maintenance of buttons and button
holes, and offers by its dimensions the greatest facility for fastening and unfastening
rapidly and without danger of rumpling the front.
This system is applicable to shirts of all shapes, whether they open in front or
on the side or otherwise, and generally a single clasp is sufficient, but if desired for
certain arrangements or conformations two or more of such clasps may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM AND OTHER SIMILAR SUB- STANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1879.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PETROLEUM AND OTHER SIMILAR SUB-
STANCES." (A communication from abroad by Messrs. Lüders and Geipel, of
Chemnitz, Saxony.)
This Invention relates to improvements in lamps for burning petroleum and other
similar substances. For this purpose a burner is constructed with a number of
wick tubes and holders in the following manner :-A metal ring is attached to the
oil reservoir of a lamp, and this ring is screwed to receive a circular frame of metal,
to which is fixed a number of vertical parallel wick tubes arranged in a circular or
other annular manner round the centre line of the lamp or burner, and placed a
certain regular distance apart from one another in order to allow currents of air to
pass freely between them. These wick tubes are open at the top and bottom, and
each is provided with a wick holder composed of a partially open tube or a piece
of metal bent to a semicircle; the lower end of this holder forms a complete tube
or ring entirely encircling the wick, while the upper end is formed into a hook for
holding the wick. All the wick holders are fixed to a disc or plate of metal to
which the lower end of a rack is connected; the upper end of this rack may be
attached to two of the wick holders. A pinion wheel gearing into this rack is
fitted on to a spindle supported in a suitable bearing or bearings having a button at
its outer end. By turning this button the wicks are raised or lowered, as may be
desired.
✓
Within the circle or annulus described by the wick tubes, and in the centre line
of the apparatus, a small vertical tube is fixed to the circular frame of metal before
referred to, and round this tube another is made to slide easily. To the last
mentioned tube two discs are fixed, one near its lower end and the other at its upper
end, the latter always remaining above the level of the top of the wicks. The
currents of air after passing between the wick tubes enter the space between these
two discs, and from thence flow upwards, the upper disc diverting the current of air
on to the flame and thus intensifying the effect.
The upper part of the series of wick tubes is surrounded by a ring on which
slides a frame for carrying a glass chimney; to this frame are also attached two
perforated cones, so arranged that a current of air passes through the holes in the
Prins 21

page_text: lower cone from the outside to the interior of the apparatus, thence partly direct to
the flame, as in an argand burner, and partly through holes in the upper cone, and
so impinging on the interior surface of the glass chimney, thus keeping it cool. The
glass chimney may be either a plain cylinder or it may be one with the usual
contracted neck.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Auckland Cochrane at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1879.
ARTHUR AUCKLAND COCHRANE, of the City of Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS."
My improvements relate to the construction of gas burners, more particularly to
that class of burners termed fishtail and batswing, by which the combustion of
the gas consumed thereby is rendered more complete-its illuminating_power
increased-and consequently the consumption of gas economised; and this I effect
by the peculiar construction of the nipple or burner by so arranging the apertures
from which the gas is emitted that it shall issue angularly therefrom, by which
device the streams of gas are thereby caused to impinge the one against the other,
resulting in more perfect combustion, and consequently a diminished consumption
of gas for an equal amount of light, and by an extension of this same principle the
flames, of which there must be two or more from the same burner, are caused by
their relative angular position to each other to impinge the one against the other,
and by this secondary interiningling a further dispersion of the unilluminated parts
of the separate flames is effected, the oxygenized portions of the flames being
brought into immediate contact with the unignited gas, and such commingling
thereby increasing the illuminating power of the combined flames. This I effect
by the peculiar configuration of the top of the nipple or burner, by which the separate
or independent flames which this burner contemplates are caused to converge to a
common centre or point, and by their union effect a more complete admixture of
the gas, and avoiding to a great extent, if not entirely, the presence of unignited
gas, which is so marked a character of the ordinary fishtail and batswing burners.
In some cases I employ deflecting surfaces or plates to aid in the complete
amalgamation of the separate flames. The burners may be either of metal,
porcelain, or a combination of both, or other suitable materials, and may be of
suitable dimensions so as to admit of the Invention being carried out in its fullest
integrity.
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dove at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1879.
JAMES DOVE, of 37, Whitcomb Street, Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex,
Bootmaker. "AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER."
I propose to construct an apparatus for propelling any kind of machinery by two
distinct ways, first, by the rise and fall of the tide, second, by the rush of the tide;
firstly, a pontoon tank or vessel can be constructed within barriers or pillars with
racks attached to pontoon tank or vessel. These racks will travel up and
down, according to rise and fall of the tide; wheels or pullies can be fixed on the
barriers or pillars; the racks attached to pontoon tank or vessel as the tide rise or
fall will travel in wheels or pullies attached to the barriers or pullies and cause the
wheels or pullies to rotate and set other wheels or pinions in motion.
Secondly. I propose such at the bottom of rivers a pontoon case or box; this
pontoon case or box properly secured, and shaft to run through the pontoon case or
box with fans; the fans will eject themselves from the interior of the shaft as it is
in motion and comes into contact with water, and at every quarter turn withdraws
again into the shaft; this contrivance will prevent the water counteracting the back
action of the fans as the shaft rotate. This Invention can be used for generating
electricity.