Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1886.
Complete Left, 8th Sept., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 11th Oct:, 1887.
RESEDI
1, GEORGE DANIEL POWELL RAWLINGS, Engineer, of, 8, Hanover Street, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel and simple construction of rotary apparatus
applicable for use as an engine or motor, and as a pump, exhauster, blower, meter and
for various other useful purposes.
The apparatus is constructed with an outer or containing casing, within which the
working parts, of the improved construction and arrangement hereinafter described or
referred to, are arranged.
For a part of its length, adjacent to its one end or end cover, the interior of the
casing is made of a cylindrical formation, and for the remainder of its length, adjacent
to its other end or end cover it is made of a spherical formation, the spherical curvature
being struck out from a centre, hereinafter further referred to, on the axis of the
piston spindle or working shaft, which traverses the casing centrally and lengthwise
thereof, and is mounted preferably on a hardened adjustable centre adapted to the end
or end cover at the cylindrical end of the casing, and works in and projects from a
stuffing box adapted to the cover, at the spherical end of the casing, so that when in
position for working it has only facility for rotating about its axis, and can be actuated
by any suitable motive agent admitted to the casing if required for use as an engine
or motor, or can be driven by external means if required for use as a pump, blower or
other like apparatus.
That part of the spindle or shaft which works within the cylindrical part of the
casing is adapted with a conformably shaped cylindrical rotary piston part which works
together with the shaft, and the periphery of which is adapted with one or more

page_text: loosely fitting continuous or split rings which in the operation of the engine or
apparatus get heated and expand against the surrounding cylindrical part of the casing
and effect a tight joint both between themselves and the said cylindrical surface of the
casing, and between themselves and the said piston part on the acting side thereof
hereinafter further referred to. If but one of such rings is used, the said piston part
is preferably constructed with a rear cover.
The inner face of the end cover at the spherical end of the casing is adapted with an
inner projecting wedge shaped part conforming to the spherical formation of the
casing, and which at its widest part is equal to the depth of the spherical portion of
the casing in the direction of the length of the latter, and at a diametrically opposite
part is of such a depth as just to enter within the casing, the inner end or working
face of such projection being a plane disposed transverseley of and in an oblique
direction relatively to the axis of the shaft, so that such projecting part occupies about
one half of the spherical space in the casing when the parts are in position for use.
The adjacent or acting face of the said piston part is made of a conical formation
the apex of the cone being coincident with the point of the axis of the shaft which the
said oblique plane of the working face of the said spherical projection intersects, so
that the said acting face of the piston part always rotates in true contact with the widest
part of the said spherical projection.
The true contact effected by the said parts divides the unoccupied spherical space
within the casing, and the contact is kept effective by adapting a radial packing piece
to the face of the said spherical projection at its widest part, and if necessary by
adapting a spring or other equivalent means behind it so as to cause it to have a
constant tendency to keep against the acting face of the rotating piston.
The inlet and outlet ports are formed through the spherical projection or its cover
and open in to the casing on opposite sides of the said radial packing piece.
The acting face of the piston is fitted with a rocking piston piece which is centred to
the piston rod or working shaft in advance of the working face of the piston on a pin
which passes transversely through the said rod or shaft, its axis intersecting the
herein before referred to centre of the spherical curvature of the casing.
The acting face of the said rocking piston piece which is presented to the said
oblique plane face of the spherical projection always works in true contact therewith,
and thus at all parts of its rotation diametrically divides the said spherical space; to
keep such contact effective, the said working face of the rocking piston piece is
preferably hardened; and such piston piece itself is mounted so that it has a slight play on
its centre pin, and is adapted with a rear spring arranged within the cylindrical part
of the piston or with other equivalent means which will constantly tend to keep the
rocking piston piece to its said work.
The working face of the piston is recessed for the purpose of permitting the said
rocking piston piece having its rocking movements which are imparted to it by the
varying positions it assumes in relation to the said oblique face of the said spherical
projection, and by which its opposite extensions are alternately caused to fall flush with
the acting face of the piston, and to rise therefrom without their rear parts projecting
clear thereof, the rocking piece working on the said centre pin diametrically through
the piston rod.
The outer or spherical edges of the rocking piston piece are struck from the same
centre as the said spherical portion of the casing, so that in all their projecting
positions they work in true contact with the spherical surface of the casing; and to
cause such contact to be kept effective hardened steel strips or packing pieces may be
fitted in the spherical edges of the rocking piston piece, and springs or equivalent
means may be adapted behind them so as to cause them to be constantly projected out
in true contact as aforesaid.
The slot in the piston rod through which the said rocking piston piece works is
adapted with a filling up piece or pieces and with a supporting spring or springs, and
which work together with the movements of the rocking piston piece, and cause the
said through passage to be kept steam tight, and the adjacent end of the piston rod is
or may be adapted with packing between it and its end or end cover.

page_text: The parts may be so arranged as that one or more of the said rocking piston pieces
may be applied.
In the operation of the apparatus, the admission of the motive agent to within the
casing, or the power externally applied to the said shaft, causes the latter to revolve,
and the said oblique end of the spherical projection causes the said rocking piston
piece carried by the rotating piston piece to work in true contact with it as aforesaid,
causing it to alternately rise from and recede flush with the said acting face of the
piston, and so forming consecutively following steam or suction chambers accordingly
as the apparatus is used for such respective purposes as hereinbefore indicated.
Dated this 9th day of December 1886.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Rotary Apparatus Applicable for Use as an Engine
or Motor and for Various other Useful Purposes.
I, GEORGE DANIEL POWELL RAWLINGS, Engineer, of 8, Hanover Street, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly describedand ascertained
in and by the following statement:
:-
This Invention relates to improved rotary apparatus applicable for use as an
Engine or Motor, and as a pump, exhauster, blower, meter and for various other useful
purposes.
The improved apparatus is illustrated on the accompanying drawings in three
modifications of its construction. Figs. 1 to 5 represent a single apparatus ; and
Figs. 6 to 11 represent two modifications of a double or compound formation, the
principal difference between such modifications consisting in the parts of the apparatus
being reversely arranged, the one modification is illustrated in Figs. 6 to 10, and the
other in Fig. 11.
Figs. 1, 5, 6, and 11, represent longitudinal sectional elevations of the different
modifications of the apparatus: Figs. 2 and 7, represent plan views thereof: Figs. 3, 4
and 5, represent inside elevations: and Figs. 9 and 10 represent detail views.
The apparatus is constructed with an outer or containing casing, 12, within which
the working parts of the improved construction and arrangement hereinafter described
are arranged.
For a part of its length adjacent to its one end or end cover, 13, (reference now
being had to the modification represented in Figs. 1 to 5,) the interior of the casing, 12,
is made of a cylindrical formation, and for the remainder of its length, adjacent to its
other end or end cover, 14, it is made of a spherical formation, as at, 15, the spherical
curvature being struck out from a centre, 16, hereinafter further referred to, on the
axis of the piston spindle or working shaft, 17, which traverses the casing centrally
and lengthwise thereof, and is mounted preferably on a hardened adjustable centre, 18,
adapted to the end or end cover, 13, at the cylindrical end of the casing, and works in
and projects from a stuffing box, 19, adapted to the cover, 14, at the spherical end of
the casing, so that when in position for working it has only facility for rotating about
its axis, and can be actuated by any suitable motive agent admitted to the casing if
required for use as an engine or motor, or can be driven by external means if required
for use as a pump, blower or other like apparatus.
That part of the spindle or shaft, 17, which works within the cylindrical part, 12,
of the casing is adapted with a conformably shaped cylindrical rotary piston part, 20,
which works together with the shaft, 17, and the periphery of which is adapted with
one or more loosely fitting continuous or split rings, 21, which in the operation of the
Engine or Apparatus get heated and expand against the surrounding part, 12, of the
casing and effect a tight joint both between themselves and the said cylindrical
surface of the casing, and between themselves and the said piston part on the acting

page_text: side thereof hereinafter further referred to. If but one of such rings, 21, is used as
in the modification represented, the piston part is preferably constructed with a rear
cover, 22.
The inner face of the end cover, 14, at the spherical end, 15, of the casing is
adapted with an inner projecting wedge shaped part, 23, conforming to the spherical
formation of the casing, and which at its widest part (the top part in Fig. 1) is equal
to the depth of the spherical portion of the casing in the direction of the axis of the
latter, and at a diametrically opposite part (the bottom part in Fig. 1.) is of such a
depth as just to enter within the casing, the inner en or working face, 24 of such
projection, 23, being a plane disposed transversely and in an oblique direction
relatively to the axis of the shaft, 17, so that such projec ing part, 23, occupies about
one half of the spherical space in the casing when the parts are in position for use,
vide Fig. 1.
The adjacent or acting face, 25, of the said piston part, 20, is made of a conical
formation the apex of the cone being coincident with the point, of the axis of the shaft
which the said oblique plane of the working face, 24, of the spherical projection 23,
intersects, so that the acting face, 25, of the piston always rotates in true contact
with the widest part of the spherical projection, 23.
The true contact effected by the said parts divides the unoccupied spherical space
within the casing, and the contact is kept effective by adapting a radial packing
piece, 27, to the face of the spherical projection, 23, at its widest part, and if necessary
by adapting a spring or other equivalent means behind it so as to cause it to have a
constant tendency to keep against the acting face of the rotating piston.
The inlet and outlet ports, 28×, 29x, are formed through the spherical projection, 23,
or its cover, 14, or through the casing, 12, and open into within the latter on opposite
sides of the said radial packing piece, 27, vide Fig. 3.
The acting face of the piston is fitted with a rocking piston piece, 28, which is or
may be centred to the piston rod or working shaft, 17, in advance of the working face
of the piston, on a pin, 29, passing transversely through the shaft, its axis intersecting
the herein before referred to centre, 16, of the spherical curvature of the casing.
The acting face of the rocking piston piece, 28, which is presented to the oblique
plane face, 24, of the spherical projection always works in true contact therewith, and
thus at all parts of its rotation diametrically divides the said spherical space; to keep
such contact effective, the working face of the piston piece, 28, is preferably hardened,
and the piston piece itself is mounted so that it has a slight play on its centre pin, 29,
vide Fig. 5, and is adapted with a rear spring, 30, arranged within the piston, or with
other equivalent means which will constantly tend to keep the piston piece, 28, to its
said work.
The working face, 25, of the piston is recessed for the purpose of permitting of the
piston piece, 28, having its rocking movements which are imparted to it by the
varying positions it assumes in relation to the oblique face, 24, of the spherical pro-
jection, 23, and by which its opposite extensions are alternately caused to fall flush
with the acting face, 25, of the piston, vide the top parts of Figs. 1, and, , and to
rise therefrom without their rear parts projecting clear thereof, vide the bottom
parts of, Figs. 1, and, 5, the rocking piece working on the said centre pin or without
the same diametrically through the shaft, 17.
The outer or spherical edges of the piston piece, 28, are struck from the same
centre, 16, as the spherical portion, 15, of the casing, 12, so that in all their projecting
positions they work in true contact with the spherical surface of the casing; and to
cause such contact to be kept effective hardened steel strips or packing pieces, 31, may
be fitted in the spherical edges of the piston piece, 28, and springs (or equivalent
means,) 32, vide Fig. 9 may be adapted behind them so as to cause them to be
constantly projected out in true contact as aforesaid.
The slot, 26, in the piston rod through which the said piston piece, 28, works, is or
may be adapted with a filling up piece or pieces and with a supporting spring or
springs, and which if applied work together with the movements of the piston
piece, 28, and cause the said through passage to be kept steam tight, and the adjacent

page_text: end of the piston rod is or may be adapted with packing, 19, between it and its end
or end cover, 14.
In the operation of the apparatus, the admission of the motive agent to within the
casing, 12, or the power externally applied to the shaft, 17, causes the latter to revolve,
and the oblique end, 24, of the spherical projection, 23, causes the rocking piston
piece, 28, carried by the rotating piston, 20, to work in true contact with it as afore-
said, causing it to alternately rise from and recede flush with the acting face, 25, of the
piston, and so forming consecutively following steam or suction chambers accordingly
as the apparatus is used for such respective purposes as hereinbefore indicated.
The construction and method of operation of the actuating parts in the modifications
illustrated in Figs. 6, to, 11, are substantially similar to those hereinbefore described
with reference to the modification illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, these modifications
merely representing double or compound arrangements of the apparatus, the parts in
the said two modifications being reversely arranged as will be sufficiently apparent
from the Drawings without needing any further description.
In any of such modifications two or more of the rocking piston pieces may be
applied to each piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The general construction and arrangements of rotary apparatus applicable for use
as an Engine or Motor, and as a pump, exhauster, blower, meter and for various other
useful purposes, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
2. The enclosing casing made at one part of a spherical formation and at another
part of a cylindrical formation, in combination with a relatively fixed angular or
wedge shaped spherical projection adapted to fit into the spherical portion of the
casing and formed with a plane acting face; and with a rotating piston adapted to fit
into the cylindrical part of the casing, and formed with a conical acting face coinciding
with the angular inclination of the acting face of the spherical projection in such a
manner as to divide the angular or wedge shaped spherical space left in the casing
between the said projection and piston, the said piston being mounted on a projecting
motor shaft and adapted with peripheral packing rings and with a rocking piece
adapted to work in true contact with the acting face of the said spherical projection
and with the spherical boundary of the said space, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. The piston mounted on a shaft and adapted with peripheral packing rings, with
or without a back cover, and formed with a conical acting face adapted with a rocking
piece adapted to work in true contact with an opposite plane face coinciding with the
inclination of the piston piece, and with a spherical boundary beyond the face of the
piston, and the application thereof to the purpose of the Invention substantially as
herein before described.
4. The application to the purpose of the Invention of the spherical wedge shaped
cover formed with a plane acting face and with or without the radial packing
piece 27.
5. The application to the purpose of the Invention of the rocking piece, 28, adapted
to work in true contact with an opposite plane face and with a spherical boundary
substantially as hereinbefore described.
נ..
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.