Improvements in and relating to Velocipedes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 16th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 23rd Jan., 1392
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Velocipedes.
""
We GEORGE LEONARD MORRIS, WILLIAM THOMAS WILSON, and NATHANIEL
HENRY STRICKLAND, trading as Messrs. Morris, Wilson & Co., of the "Referee'
Cycle Works 66 Turnmill Street Farrington Road, in the City and County of
London, Cycle Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
Our invention relates to certain improvements in the details of construction of
velocipedes and it consists ;-First of an improved construction of bottom bracket
for the pedal-crank axle. Secondly of an improved crank. Thirdly, of an improved
method of attaching the cranks to the pedal-crank axle and the pedal pins to the
cranks, and lastly, of an improved method of mounting the driving chain wheel on
the pedal-crank axle
-For our
We carry our invention into practical effect in the following manner :-
improved bottom bracket, we take a sleeve adapted to enclose the pedal-crank
axle, and on this sleeve we form or fix at or about the centre thereof one or more
lugs or their equivalents to receive the members of the frame, and on each end of
the said sleeve we cut an external screw thread. On to one end of this sleeve we
fix by screwing and sweating, a cup adapted to form a race for one of the ball
bearings, and on the other end of the sleeve we screw a cone for the other ball
bearing, this cone is adjustable on the sleeve and is fitted with any suitable locking
device whereby it may be locked to the sleeve after adjustment. We thus have a
cup forming a race for one ball bearing at one end of the sleeve of the bottom
bracket, and a cone for the other ball bearing at the other end of the said sleeve;
consequently at one end of the pedal-crank axle we have an adjustable cone to
complete the race for the ball bearing with the cup on one end of the sleeve, and
on the other end of the pedal-crank axle we have a cup to form with the cone on
the end of the sleeve the race for the other ball bearing. This cup forms part of
the driving chain wheel, the boss of which is thrown out, or otherwise fashioned, to
form the said cup. The chain wheel may be fixed to the axle in any suitable and
convenient manner, but we prefer to mount one of the cranks on the boss of the
chain wheel and to fix the two together and to the axle by a cottar pin, or its
equivalent, or by a device we shall presently describe for fixing the cranks on to
the axle. By making the cone on the end of the sleeve of the bottom bracket-
which is adapted to complete-with the cup formed in the boss of the chain
wheel a race for one of the ball bearings, we are enabled to readily and easily line
5 up the driving chain wheels. It will be understood that this cone is for this
purpose only, the cone on the other end of the pedal-crank axle being for the
adjustment of the bearings.
Our improved crank is made triangular in cross section-preferably with hollow
sides the apex being the forward edge of the crank, the object being to reduce
weight, give increased strength weight for weight, and to decrease the air
resistance.
Our improved method of fixing cranks to axles consists in cutting a deep trans-
verse slot or groove through the face of the boss of the crank and the axle, when
the crank is in place, and in attaching to the end of the axle by a screw, or its
equivalent, a washer carrying a transverse key adapted to fit in, and engage with,
the slot or groove in the face of the boss of the crank and the axle. The key and
the transverse groove or slot may be made slightly taper if desired to ensure a
When the crank is
better fit and a more perfect interlocking of the parts.
mounted on the boss of the chain wheel, the washer is made of a diameter large

page_text: enough to carry a key long enough to engage with all three parts. We also attach
or fix the pedal pins to the ends of the cranks by this device, the transverse slot or
groove being formed across the back face of the crank.
Our improved method of mounting the driving chain wheel on the pedal-crank
axle consists in forming the boss of the chain wheel in such a manner that the boss
of the crank can engage with it and to allow both to be fixed to the axle by one
locking device. One method of doing this is to fit the boss of the crank over the
boss of the chain wheel, and fix the two together, and to the axle, by the device
herein before described, or by a simple transverse cottar. Another method is to
half the two bosses together so that they interlock and are kept so interlocked by
the device used to fix the crank to the axle.
Dated this 16th day of March 1891.
ROBT. ED. PHILLIPS, M.I.M.E., ETC.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Velocipedes.
"
We GEORGE LEONARD MORRIS, WILLIAM THOMAS WILSON and NATHANIEL
HENRY STRICKLAND, trading as Messrs. Morris Wilson & Co. of the "Referee
Cycle Works, 66 Turnmill Street, Farringdon Road, in the City and County of
London, Cycle Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to certain improvements in the details of construction of
velocipedes and it consists:-First, of an improved construction of bottom bracket
for the pedal-crank axle, Secondly of an improved crank, Thirdly of an improved
method of attaching the cranks to the pedal-crank axle and the pedal pins to the
cranks, and lastly of an improved method of mounting the driving chain wheel on
the pedal-crank axle.
We carry our invention into practical effect in the following manner :-
-For our
improved bottom bracket, we take a sleeve adapted to enclose the pedal-crank axle,
and on this sleeve we form or fix at or about the centre thereof one or more lugs or
their equivalents to receive the members of the frame. On to one end of this
sleeve we form or fix a cup adapted to form a race for one of the ball bearings, and
on the other end of the sleeve we screw a cone for the other ball bearing, this conc
is adjustable on the sleeve and is fitted with any suitable locking device whereby it
may be locked to the sleeve after adjustment. We thus have a cup forming a race
for one ball bearing at one end of the sleeve of the bottom bracket, and a cone for
the other ball bearing at the other end of the said sleeve, consequently on one end
of the pedal-crank axle we have an adjustable cone to complete the race for the
ball bearing with the cup on one end of the sleeve, and on the other end of the
pedal-crank axle we have a cup to form with the cone on the end of the sleeve,
the race for the other ball bearing. This cup forms part of the driving chain
wheel the boss of which is thrown out or otherwise fashioned to form the said cup.
The chain wheel may be fixed to the axle in any suitable and convenient manner,
but we prefer to mount one of the cranks on the boss of the chain wheel and to fix
the two together and to the axle by a cottar pin, or its equivalent, or by a device
we shall presently describe for fixing the cranks on to the axle. By mounting the
cone on the end of the sleeve of the bottom-bracket, which is adapted to complete-
with the cup formed in the boss of the chain wheel-a race for one of the ball
bearings, we are enabled to readily and easily line up the driving chain wheels. It
will be understood that this cone is for this purpose only, the cone on the other
end of the pedal-crank axle being for the adjustment of the bearings.
Our improved crank is made triangular in cross-section, preferably with hollow

page_text: sides and having the apex on the forward edge of the crank, the object being to
reduce weight, give increased strength weight for weight, and the decrease of the
air resistance.
Our improved method of fixing cranks to axles consists in cutting a deep trans-
verse slot or groove through the face of the boss of the crank and the end of the
axle when the crank is in place, and in attaching to the end of the axle by a screw
or its equivalent, a transverse key either with or without a washer the said key
being adapted to fit in, and engage with, the slot or groove in the face of the boss
of the crank and in the end of the axle. The key and the transverse groove or
slot may be made slightly taper if desired to ensure a better fit and a more perfect
interlocking of the parts. When the crank is mounted on the boss of the chain
wheel, the washer is made of a diameter large enough to carry a key long enough
to engage with all three parts. We also attach or fix the pedal pins to the ends of
the cranks by this device, the transverse slot or groove being formed across the
back face of the crank.
Our improved method of mounting the driving chain wheel on the pedal-crank
axle consists in forming the boss of the chain wheel in such a manner that the boss
of the crank can engage with it and so allow both to be fixed to the axle by one
locking device. One method of doing this is to fit the boss of the crank over the
boss of the chain wheel and fix the two together and to the axle by the device
Another method is to half
hereinbefore described or by a simple transverse cottar.
the two bosses together so that they interlock and are kept so interlocked by the
device used to fix the crank to the axle.
In order that our invention may be fully understood we append a drawing hereto,
in which
Figure 1 is a view in sectional elevation of a pedal-crank axle bracket, cranks
and chain wheel embodying our invention and Figure 2 is a view in transverse
section thereof on line a, .r, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a view in elevation-partly in section of a modification of our
improved pedal-crank axle bracket and an alternative method of fixing the crank
and chain on the axle.
Figure 4 is a view in elevation of our improved crank and Figure 5 is a view in
transverse section thereof on line y, y. Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a broken view in end elevation of the bosses of the crank and chain
5 wheel as shown in Figure 1 with the transverse key and washer removed.
0
Figures 7 and 8 are broken views in end and side elevation respectively of a
modification of our improved method of keying cranks to the pedal-crank axle, and
Figure 9 is a broken view in end elevation showing with Figure 1 the method of
connecting the pedal pin to the crank by our improved method.
Throughout the several views similar parts are marked with like letters of
reference.
Our improved bottom bracket consists of a sleeve A adapted to enclose the
pedal-crank axle B and having formed on or fixed to it at about the centre thereof
On
one or more lugs A or their equivalents to receive the members of the frame.
5 to one end of this sleeve we form or fix a cup C adapted to form a race for one of
the ball bearings, and on the other end of the sleeve we screw a cone D for the
other ball bearing, this cone is adjustable on the sleeve and is fitted with any
suitable locking device whereby it may be locked to the sleeve after adjustinent,
preferably the one illustrated which forms the subject of a prior Patent granted to
0 115.
By this construction we have a cup forming a race for one ball bearing at one
end of the sleeve of the bottom bracket, and a cone for the other ball bearing at
the other end of the said sleeve, consequently one end of the pedal-crank axle Bis
provided with an adjustable cone C' to complete the race for the ball bearing with
the cup Con one end of the sleeve, and the other end is provided with a cup D to
5 form with the cone D on the end of the sleeve, the race for the other ball bearing.
This cup D preferably forms part of the boss E of the driving chain wheel E, the
said boss being thrown out or otherwise fashioned to form the said cup. The chain

page_text: wheel E may be fixed to the axle B in any suitable and convenient manner but wo
prefer to mount it in such a manner that both it and its adjacent crank can be fixed
together and to the axle by one locking device as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings. By making the cone D adjustable we are enabled to readily and easily
line up the driving chain wheels. It will be understood that this cone is for this
purpose only, the cone (" on the other end of the pedal-crank axle being for the
adjustment of the bearings. As a modification we sometimes mount an adjustable
cup on the end of the sleeve A instead of the adjustable cone D, in which case a
cone is fixed on that end of the axle instead of a cup as shown by Figure 3 of the
accompanying drawing.
Our improved crank is made triangular in cross section-preferably with
hollow sides as shown by Figure 5 of the accompanying drawing, and its apex is
preferably on the forward edge of the crank, the object being to reduce weight,
give increased strength weight for weight, and to decrease the air resistance.
b
Our improved method of fixing cranks to axles consists in cutting a deep trans-
verse slot or groove through the face of the boss of the crank F, and a similar
slot or groove through the end of the axle B, and in attaching to the end of the
axle by a screw or its equivalent, a transverse key G either with or without a
washer G', the said key being adapted to fit in and engage with, the slots or
grooves and b, in the face of the boss of the crank F and in the end of the axle B.
The key G and the transverse grooves or slots and may be made slightly taper
if desired as shown by Figures 7 and 8 to ensure a better fit and a more perfect
interlocking of the parts. When the crank is mounted on the boss E¹ of the
chain wheel E, the washer G' is made of a diameter large enough to carry or cover
a key G long enough to engage with all three parts, a slot or groove e being cut in
the face of the boss E' of the chain wheel E as shown by Figures and 6. We
also attach or fix the pedals pins II to the ends of the cranks F by this device as
shown by Figures 1 and 9, the transverse slots or grooves being formed across the
back face of the crank.
Our improved method of mounting the driving chain wheel E on the pedal-crank
axle A consists in forming the boss E of the chain wheel in such a manner that
the boss F1 of the crank can engage with it and so allow both to be fixed to the
axle by one locking device. One method of doing this is to fit the boss of the
crank over the boss E' of the chain wheel and fix the two together and to
the axle A by the locking device hereinbefore described as illustrated by Figure 1.
of the accompanying drawing or as a modification they may be locked together by
a simple transverse cottar. Another method is to half the two bosses E' and
together as shown by Figure 3 of the accompanying drawing so that they interlock
and are kept so interlocked by the locking device used to fix the crank to the axle.
We wish it to be particularly understood that we do not limit ourselves to the
precise details of construction hereinbefore described and shown by the accom-
panying drawing, but that we hold ourselves at liberty to make such modifications
therein as fairly fall within the spirit and scope of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1st. The improvements in and relating to velocipedes, constructed arranged and
operating substantially, as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accom-
panying drawing.
2nd. The improved construction of pedal-crank axle bracket, as bereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figures 1 and 3 of the accompanying drawing.
3rd. The improved construction of chain wheel, as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing.
4th. The improved crank, as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 1,
4 and 5 of the accompanying drawing.
5th. The improved method of fixing cranks to the axles of velocipedes, as herein-

page_text: before described and illustrated by Figures
Arawing.
6th. The improved method of fixing pedal pins to the cranks of velocipedes, as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 1, 4, and 9 of the accompanying
drawing.
7th. The improved method of fixing the driving chain wheel on to the pedal-
crank axle of a velocipede, as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 1,
3 and 6 of the accompanying drawing.
8th. In a velocipede, mounting the pedal-crank axle in a bearing bracket the
cup or cone in or on one end of which is adjustable laterally, so that the driving
chain wheel on the said axle may be readily and easily lined with the chain wheel
on the driving wheel or axle thereof, as set forth.
9th. In a velocipede, the combination of a pedal-crank axle having one fixed and
one adjustable cone or cup, and of a pedal-crank axle bracket having one fixed and
one adjustable cup or cone, as and for the purpose set forth.
10th. In a velocipede, fixing the cranks to a pedal-crank axle by means of a
transverse key fitting in slots or grooves cut across the face of the boss of the
crank and the end of the axle and fixed to the axle by a central screw, as set forth.
11th. In a velocipede fixing the cranks to a pedal-crank axle by means of a
transverse key fitting in a slot or groove cut transversely across the faces of the
boss of the crank and the end of the axle, and confining the said key in that
position by means of a washer, (either combined with or separate from the said key)
fixed to the axle by means of a central screw, as set forth.
ليمر
December 1891.
VITIS
ROBT. ED. PHILLIPS, M.I.M.E.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.