INFROVEMENT IN COMPOSITIONS RESEMBLING IVORY
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mandeville Welling, of the City and
State of New York, United States of Amerion, for the Invention
of "INFROVEMENT IN COMPOSITIONS RESEMBLING IVORY."
Sealed the 9th July 1869, and dated the 20th January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mandeville
Welling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 25th January 1860.
I, WILLIAM MANDEVILLE WELLING, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN COMPOSITIONS RESEMBLING IVORY," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a compound that can be
softened by heat so as to be moulded while in a plastic state, and
which will have an appearance resembling ivory and possess many
of its qualities, so as to be moulded into various useful or ornamental
articles. The basis of this compound is shellac, I prefer the bleached

page_text: shellac; the next ingredient to be named is kaolin, and the third is
impalpable white (acetate of lead precipitated by sulphuric acid) or
other preparation of lead to give the proper color. If the articles
require to be light, or about the gravity of ivory, but little lead may
be used, and more kaolin and ivory dust or bone dust or wood dust
may be mixed in. A small quantity of camphor helps to make the
articles combine, and where different colors are required suitable
pigments may be introduced. The materials are to be separately ground,
then intimately mixed, then ground together between heated rollers and
inoulded under the necessary pressure at a temperature of about 210°
Fahrenheit. Steam is preferred for heating the rollers. The proportions
of these ingredients are varied according to the gravity or color required;
about one part of shellac by weight to two parts of kaolin or five
parts of impalpable white (by weight), and the other articles when
used are in the proportion required for particular articles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Manderville Welling in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 22nd July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MANDEVILLE WELLING, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Ier reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Mandeville Welling, Her special
licence that I, the said William Mandeville Welling, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Mandeville Welling, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN COMPOSITIONS RESEMBLING IVORY," upon the

page_text: condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Mandeville Welling,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,'
or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describo
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Mandeville Welling, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to produce a compound that can be
softened by heat so as to be moulded while in a plastic state into
various useful or ornamental articles which will have an appearanco
resembling ivory and possess many of its qualities. The basis of this
compound is shellac, I prefer the bleached shellac, and with this I mix
kaolin or impalpable (acetate of lead precipitated by sulphuric acid)
or other preparation of lead to give the proper color. If the articles
require to be light, or about the gravity of ivory, but little or no lead
may be used, and a larger quantity of kaolin or the impalpable white
or pigment may predominate or form the principal ingredient with the
shellac, and ivory dust or bone or wood dust may be mixed in with
the other materials to produce the desired quality of material. A small
quantity of camphor helps to make the articles combine, and where
different colors are required suitable pigments may be introduced.
Where it is desired to form a strong and light compound, I employ
cotton or other vegetable fiber in place of wood or other dust, and
said fiber is cut up or ground to fine short pieces and mixed with the
shellac and kaolin or other pigment. The said materials are to be
separately ground, then intimately mixed, then ground together between
heated rollers and molded under the necessary pressure at a tempera-
turo of about 240° Fah. Steam is proferred for heating the rollers
and dies. The proportions of these ingredients are varied according
to the gravity or color required; about one part of shellac by. weight
to two parts of kaolin, wood dust, or vegetable fiber or five parts of
impalpable white (by weight) are employed, and the other articles when
used are in the proportion required for particular articles.

page_text: What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is, the compound
formed as specified to produce an imitation ivory.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mandeville Welling, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, A.D.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witnesses,
GEO. D. WALKER,
121, Nassau St.,
New York.
CHA. H. SMITH,
121, Nassau St.,
N. Y.
W. M. WELLING. (L.S.)