IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Hacking, of Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 20th September 1878, and dated the 11th April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Hacking at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention refers to looms having boxes arranged vertically with compart-
ments for two or more shuttles, and consists in a new combination of parts for
moving the shuttle boxes up and down, and producing the changes required in
weaving checked and fancy cloth requiring two or more shuttles.
For this purpose I employ one or more driving wheels, having teeth or studs on
a portion of their circumference only, for the purpose of producing an intermittent
driving motion. These driving wheels are commanded by the crank shaft of the
loom by means of a fast key, on which the wheels can be made to move sideways.
The side motion is produced by a wedge or other equivalent, pressing against the
boss or centre of the wheel and causing it to slide on the fast key. This wedge or
other equivalent is in connection with a needle or feeler and a card motion, and it
is set in motion or otherwise by the pattern cards.
Each driving wheel when it is slid sideways is brought into gear with a corre-
sponding driven wheel, having double the number of teeth to the driver and carried
on the short shaft or stud.
By each contact with the driving wheel the second or driven wheel is caused to
rotate half a turn, and is then locked in its position by the driver, sliding back to
its original position, and in the same manner as a star and ring wheel.
Each driven wheel is in connection with and commands one of a series of
eccentrics and rings, the inner eccentric of the series being fixed to the short shaft

page_text: or stud carrying the driven wheels, the outer eccentrics and rings revolving each on
the eccentric axis of its inner one.
When any of the driven wheels is acted upon by its driver it makes half a turn,
and causes the eccentric with which it is connected to make half a turn also. The
semi-revolution of these eccentrics raises or depresses a lever in connection with the
shuttle boxes, and produces the changes that may be required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Henry Hacking in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 11th
October 1878.
WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker. “IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention has reference to the construction and arrangements of new and
improved mechanism for moving the shuttle boxes up and down in Looins for
weaving, the said shuttle boxes having compartments or boxes for two or more
shuttles arranged vertically.
And in order that my Invention may be more fully understood I will proceed to
describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figs. 1., II, and III. are
respectively a side elevation, an end view, and an enlarged plan of the now
mechanism I employ in order to produce the changes required in the position of
the shuttle boxes; the same letters and figures being used in cach Fig. to indicate
the same parts in the different views.
The ordinary crank shaft of the loom is shewn at a, and on this shaft a wheel b
is keyed, which as the loom works communicates motion through the carrier
wheel c to the wheel and boss d. This wheel and boss are cast together and form
one piece, and are carried by and revolve on the stud e; f.f¹, are two peg wheels
which turn with the wheel and boss d, being attached to them by means of a fast
key, but which are free to slide laterally on the fast key. The two peg wheels
have studs or pegs on a portion of their circumference which are shewn at G, I, I, I,
and on that portion of the circumference of these wheels where there are no pegs
or studs a flange is placed, as shewn at h, h¹; i, i¹, are two toothed wheels carried on
the stud; each of these toothed wheels has double the number of teeth that there
are pegs in the peg wheels f. 11, and they are so arranged that when the peg
wheels f, f, are slided laterally on the boss of the wheel d, and brought into contact
or gear with the wheels i, i, then the wheels i, i, shall make a half revolution at
each contact; k, k, are two locking plates attached to the wheels i, i', each to its
own wheel. These locking plates have each two hollow circles exactly opposite
each other, shewn at l, which fit to the flange of the peg wheels f,f'. These locking
plates,, prevent the wheels i, i, from moving so long as the peripheries of the
peg wheels ff, revolve in the hollows 1, 1

page_text: When however the peg whocls f. f¹, are slided laterally on the boss d so as to
bring the studs g, g, g, into gear with the toothed wheels i, i¹, then the toothed
wheels i, i¹³, are at liberty to make half a revolution. As soon, however, as the half
revolution is made then the flanges h, h¹, of the peg wheels f, f, fall into the circles
of the locking plates k, k¹, and prevent further motion until the pog wheels f¹,
are again brought into gear with the toothed wheels i, . The toothed wheel and
locking plate i and k are attached to and command the eccentric m, and at each
movement of i and k the eccentric m makes half a revolution. The toothed wheel
and locking plate and are connected by means of the slot o and the snug p
with the eccentric n, which rotates on the lesser eccentric m as it receives motion
from ¹ and k¹; q is a spur wheel in gear with the wheel d, and which has on its
face an eccentric rim r and also a stud s; t is a four-sided card barrel, having at
one end a star wheel u and a bowl v.
By means of the weight w the bowl v is caused to press against the eccentric
rim r of the spur wheel d, which gives an oscillating motion to the card barrel t.
When the card barrel is oscillated to its greatest extent the snug 8 of the wheel q
is caused to come into gear with the star wheel u, and gives a fourth of a revolution
to the card barrel t, which is kept from overrunning by means of the stamper x;
y and y', are two needles against which the card barrel t feels at each revolution of
the wheel q; %, e, are two bell-crank levers with forks at one end commanding the
lateral motion of the peg wheels f, f¹. The other ends of the bell-crank levers are
in connection with the needles y, y'; A, B, are two springs, which acting through
the bell-crank levers z, z', keep the pegs g, g, g, of the wheels f, f¹, from coming
into contact with the toothed wheels i, ¹.
The shuttles boxes are shewn at C, and are connected with the eccentrics m, n,
by means of the strap D, the rod E, lever F, and box rods G. The small eccentric m
at each semi-revolution raises or drops one compartment of the shuttle box, and
the large eccentric n raises or drops two compartments at each semi-revolution.
If both eccentrics turn together, so as to bring their full sides upwards, then a
full rise is made of all the compartments in a series of four. If then the small
eccentric m turns so as to bring the full side downwards then a fall of one com-
partment is effected, and if the large eccentric n turns in the same way then a drop
of two compartments is effected.
Having described the various parts of my new shuttle motion, I will proceed to
describe the mode of operation which is as follows:-At each revolution of the spur
wheel the card barrel tis caused to press against the noedles y, y', by means of
the weight w. If a blank card be on the barrel then the needles y, y', will be
pressed back, and will cause the bell-crank forks, ¹, to slide the peg wheels f, f³
laterally into gear with the toothed wheels i, i, causing them to make a semi-
revolution; these wheels i, i, being connected, as described, with the eccentrics m, n,
cause the eccentrics also to make a semi-revolution and produce a change in the
position of the shuttle boxes by means of the strap lever and rods D, E, F, G. As
soon as the change is effected the pressure of the card barrel on the needles is
removed by the revolution of the eccentric rim r in connection with the bowl v,
and the springs A and B draw the peg wheels f, f¹, out of gear with the wheels i, i',
through the medium of the bell cranks 2, 2. The periphery of the peg wheels fif',
then revolves in the hollows L, L, of the locking plates k, k', and further motion of
the eccentrics and shuttle boxes is prevented until the next pressure of the card
barrel on the needles.
It is evident that either needle may be operated on independently of the other,
or both may be operated on together in order to produce the changes in the shuttle
boxes that are desired.
The number of needles to be operated on and the order of the changes to be
produced in the shuttle boxes are determined by the cards placed on the card
barrel t, and which are brought to operate on the needles in successive order by
the rotation of the card barrel t effected by the star wheel u and stud 8.

page_text: If a card be a blank or without holes, then both needles will be operated on. If
the card have one hole then only one needle will be operated on; but if a card have
two holes then no change takes place.
The Drawing and description refer to a loom having compartments or boxes for
four shuttles, and for which two eccentrics, each with its wheels and needle are
required to produce all the requisite changes, as shewn.
It is however evident that the new mechanism can be easily applied to looms
having compartiments for any number of shuttles, one eccentric with its wheels and
needle being required for a loom with compartments for two shuttles, and three
eccentrics with their wheels and needles being required for a loom with compart-
ments for six shuttles.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not claim the eccentrics
working one within the other, but what I claim as novel and original is,-
First. The combination of eccentrics with the mechanism described, for giving
them a semi-revolution and then locking them effectually in their places.
And, Secondly. The card-barrel motion, whereby the card barrel is caused to
oscillate by means of an eccentric rim and to be rotated by means of a star wheel
and snug, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Hacking, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-eight.
WILLIAM HY. HACKING. (L.S.)