Improvements in Scenic Apparatus for Representing Mining and other Operations.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Scenic Apparatus for Representing Mining and
other Operations.
I, WILLIAM KEAST, of Central City, in the County of Gilpin, and State of
Colorado, United States of America, Miner, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to mechanical exhibits. Its object is to supply a mechanical
scenic exhibit of a gold or silver mine in operation, and the various methods
employed in developing the mine and taking out the ore.
The invention consists of mechanism for showing the various operations
performed in mining for gold or silver on a fissure vein. The shafts, levels and
other excavations of such a mine are represented in a sectional model of a
mountain; the miners and mining appliances are represented by working models,
and mechanism is provided for communicating the necessary and appropriate
motions to all of the moving parts.
The sectional representation of the mine consists of a vertical frame, or wall,
of wood, or other material, having one of its surfaces covered with powdered
rock to represent the rock through which the shafts are sunk. The various
openings are shown by depressions in the face of the wall, and within these
depressions are located the miners, cars, buckets, elevators, drills and other
appliances. Above the representation of the rock, in section, are located
mechanical representations of the buildings and machinery used for handling and
manipulating the ore.
The mechanism for operating these figures is located upon the opposite or
reverse side of the wall and will be described in detail. The extreme thickness
of the entire structure is but a few inches.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1, (appearing in part upon two sheets) is a front elevation of the exhibit ;
Fig. 2, (appearing in part upon two sheets) is a rear elevation of the exhibit ;
Fig. 3, is an enlarged view of a portion of the front elevation;
Figs. 4 and 5, are vertical sections showing the shafts Fig. 4, being taken on the
line 4-4 of Fig. 7;
Fig. 6, is a plan section of one of the shafts, taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5;
Fig. 7, shows a portion of the rear elevation of the exhibit;
Figs. 8 to 34, are details of the operating mechanism, Fig. 11 being taken on
the line 11-11 of Fig. 8; Fig. 13 on the line 13-13 of Fig. 7; Fig. 17, on the
line 17-17 of Fig. 15, and Fig. 18 on the line 18-18 of Fig. 17.
The models, used in the device, of the appliances employed in mining, are
merely for the purpose of representing these parts in form and general aspect,
but do not, except in one or two instances, partake of the same construction in
detail, nor do they actually perform the functions of the parts represented. For
convenience, however, they are referred to by the names of the parts they
represent.
Described in detail the drawings show at 1, 1, (Fig. 1) the sectional representa-
tion of the rock through which the fissure extends and within which the mine is
being operated. At 1, are shown cross sections of feeders or spurs, being small
veins leading into the large one. The line 1, indicates the depth of the oxidation
of the rock. At 2, 2, is shown the surface of the mountain upon which are
located the shaft houses, 3, 4; the ore bin 5*, and powder magazine 5; the rope

page_text: way conveyor 6, for transporting the ore down the mountain side; the stamp
mill 7, and various other appurtenances hereinafter described.
Two shafts 8, 9, are shown extending vertically downward from the shaft
houses 3 and 4 respectively. Levels are shown at 10 and 11, the shaft 9,
extending below the latter, the shaft 8 being shown as not having reached the
lower level, the intervening space being represented by the casing 8*, (Figs. 1
and 4) appearing on the surface as rock. Two winzes are shown at 12, 12. A
whim shaft is shown at 13. At 14, 14, are shown stulls in the levels 10 and 11,
excavations in the form of stopes having been made above these levels as shown
at 15, 15, and refuse rock having been piled up on the stulls as shown at 16, 16.
Chutes 17, 17, for the ore pass down through the waste rock 16, opening through
the stulls 14, 14, so that the cars 18, 18, in the levels 10, 11, may run under them
and be filled. The entrance to a cross cut leading laterally from the level 11, is
shown at 19. Within the several shafts 8, 9, 13, are shown ladders 20, 20, 20,
(Figs. 1, 5, and 6,) and in one of the chutes through the waste rock 16, is shown a
ladder 17, to enable the stopers to reach their work from the level 10.
An elevator car, or cage, 21, is shown in the shaft 8, for elevating the cars 18,
and is suspended from a wire rope 22, which passes over sheaves 22", 22³, (Fig. 4)
in the shaft house 3, down to a drum behind the wall 23.
A bucket 24, (Fig. 1) moves up and down in shaft 9, being carried. by a wire
rope 25, extending over the sheave 25*, (Fig. 5), in the shaft house 4, and down
over the sheave 25', to a drum 26, (Fig. 2) behind the wall 23.
A pump 28, is located in the sump at the bottom of the shaft 9, discharging
through the pipe 29, and a trough 29, into a tank 30, half way up the shaft. A
pump 31, elevates the water from the tank 30, through the pipe 32, to the surface,
where it is discharged through a tube 31*.
Both pumps 28 and 31, are operated by the rod 33, which reaches directly to the
lower pump, an offset 33", leading to the upper one. This pump rod is actuated
by a walking beam 34, (Fig. 5) pivoted to the frame work at the top of the shaft
and connected by a pitman 34, with the crank pin of a gear wheel 35, which
represents the crank wheel of the model of the engine, 35º, designed to drive the
pumps.
The gear wheel 35, is driven by a belt 35, leading from a pulley 35°, located
behind the wall 23, and more fully described hereinafter, (Figs. 2, 5 and 19). At
35, and 35, are shown idler pulleys for carrying the belt 35, to the most con-
venient positions for providing openings for it through the frame work of the
structure. The idler 35, is mounted upon the shaft of a gear wheel 35%, which
meshes with the gear wheel 35, and represents a part of the machinery in the
shaft honse 4. The machinery for hoisting, pumping and air compression, is not
intended to be correctly represented, but is placed in the building merely to show
that machinery is used in that situation.
It has not been deemed necessary to show or describe in detail the pumps 28, 31,
for the reason that they are of the ordinary form of Cornish pumps. At 38, is
shown a compressed air pipe (Figs. 1 and 6) supposed to lead from a compressor,
not represented, in the shaft house 4, down the shaft 9, through the level 11, to an
air drill 39, being operated by the men, 40, below the end of the shaft 8, for the
purpose of extending the shaft to the level. A second air drill is represented
at 41, (Fig. 1) being apparently supplied by the pipe 42, leading from shalt house 3,
and supplied by an air pump therein, not represented in the device.
The two representations of air drills, 39, 41, (Figs. 21, 27 and 32) are in fact
mounted upon a spindle, 43, which is driven by a belt running on a pulley 43, on
the spindle and leading from a pulley behind the wall 23, as hereinafter described.
These representations of air drills consist of short cylindrical blocks to show the
general form of the drills which serve as bearings for the spindle 43. The shaft 8,
is shown as terminating above the level 11, and the two air drills 39, 41, are being
operated to open connection between the two. The spindle 43, passes through a
casing 8, representing the intervening rock, and is therefore hidden from view

page_text: throughout the greater part of its extent. The short portions of the spindle
between the drill and the rock serve as representations of the drill bit used with
tools of the class represented.
The cars 18, 18, run upon tracks 44, (Figs. 4 and 8) located in the level 10, and
upon the surface and leading in both directions, in both instances from the shaft 8,
also in the level 11, leading in one direction, but not shown, from the shaft 9.
Upon these tracks the cars reciprocate, being moved by means of the sprocket
chains 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, whose construction and action are hereinafter more
fully described, and which are driven respectively by the sprocket wheels, 60,
61, 62, 63 and 49", and run over sprocket sheaves 76, 76, journalled in the
frame 50, there being a pair of such sheaves to each chain, located, one at each
end of the travel of the cars 18, and directly under the track 44, upon which said
cars run.
The arrangement of these chains and sprocket sheaves being the same in all
instances I have deemed it necessary to show only one in detail (Fig. 8).
Below the sprocket chains and between their supporting sheaves is located a
shelf, as 46, (Fig. 17) for supporting the chain and preventing it from sagging.
These shelves are secured to the frame work 50.
The mechanism for operating the various moving parts of the exhibit is carried
upon the back surface of the wall 23, and by frame work 50, of light beams,
disposed as may be required for strength and to serve as bearings for the various
shafts, etc.
Power is applied by a belt 51, (Fig. 7) leading from any desired source of
power, to a pulley 52 (Figs. 2 and 7), mounted upon a shaft 52", journalled in
uprights forming a part of the frame 50. For convenience this pulley and shaft
are located at the lower right hand corner of the wall 23. The shaft 52", also
carries a worm gear 52b, which meshes with and drives a gear wheel 53, lying in a
plane parallel with the wall 23, and having mounted with it a small pinion 53",
which meshes with a gear wheel 54, of considerably larger size, and which is
provided with a crank pin 54. A pitman 55, leads from the crank pin 54",
(Figs. 2, 7, and 13) to one arm of a rocking lever 56, which is fulcrumed by a
pivot pin 56, to a part of the frame 50, and reaches up to actuate the sprocket
chains 45, 46, which move the cars 18, to and from the top of the shaft 8, and to
perform other functions hereinafter described. Motion is communicated to the
sprocket chains from the lever 56, through a horizontal slide bar 57, carried by
brackets 58, 59, secured to the frame 50.
The attachment of the lever 56, to the bar 57, is by means of a pin 57ª, set in
the bar and engaging a longitudinal slot 56, in the lever so that the lever may
pass through the arc of its movement without communicating angular motion to
the bar.
The brackets 58, 59, also carry respectively, the sprocket wheels 60, 61, which
mesh with the chains 45, and 46. The hub of each of the wheels 60, 61, carries
a pinion 60, 61, which meshes with the racks 57, 57, on the bar 57. The.
relative sizes of the gear wheels 60, and 61, and of their respective pinions 60, 61",
and the length of the racks 57b, 57, are such that the movement of each rack
through its entire length in contact with the pinion moves the car 18, exactly the
length of its track, and the two racks are so disposed upon the bar 57, that the
movement of one car from the shaft commences just before the movement of
the other one to it ceases.
Cars 18, in the level 10, are moved to and from the shaft 8, in the same manner
by sprocket chains 47, 48, actuated by sprocket wheels 62, 63, respectively. These
sprocket wheels are journalled in brackets 62, 63, secured to the frame work 50,
(Figs. 2, 7, 17,), the shafts of the wheels 62, 63, also carry pinions 62, 63, which
mesh with the racks 64, 61, upon a slide bar 64, carried by the brackets 62, 63*.
The length of the racks 64°, 64, and their disposition upon the bar 64, are such
that the wheels 62, 63, are actuated intermittently and relatively to each other in
such manner that the removal of one car 18, from the shaft commences just before

page_text: the other car is delivered to it. The slide bar 64, is driven by a pitman 65,
attached to a crank pin 66*, on a pinion 66, (Figs. 2, 7, 13) which meshes with and
is driven by the gear wheel 54.
The drum 27, (Figs. 2, 14 to 18) for carrying the cage 21 is mounted upon a
shaft 27, journalled in a hanger 65b, secured to the frame 50. The drum is of
such size that it makes exactly two revolutions in raising the cage 21. It is
actuated by a form of mangle rack 67, carried by the slide bar 64. This mangle
rack comprises a rectangular frame 67, having racks 67", and 67, upon the inner
surfaces of its top and bottom sides respectively. These racks are near opposite
ends of the frame 67, and each extends less than half the length of the frame.
The parts are so disposed that a pinion 65", mounted upon the shaft 27*, lies within
the frame 67, and is adapted to engage both racks 67, 67. Each of these racks
has twice as many teeth as the pinion so that in moving its full length in engage-
ment with the pinion each causes the two revolutions of the drum 27, necessary to
raise or lower the cage 21. When the bar 64 has reached either of the limits of
its movement the cage 21 is at the top of the shaft 8, and the pinion 65", is at one
end of the rack frame 67.
As the bar 64, starts upon its next movement the rack, (either 67*, or 675) with
which the pinion 65, is engaged, allows the cage 21, to slowly descend. It reaches
the lower limit of its travel, at the level 10, when the pinion 65, is at the end of
the rack. The bar 64, continuing to move in the same direction, the pinion 65",
comes into engagement with the rack upon the opposite side of the frame 67, and
the drum 27, is rotated in the opposite direction so as to again elevate the cage 21,
the latter reaching the upper limit of its movement just after the pinion 65ª,
becomes disengaged at the farther end of the rack.
It is necessary that the cage 21, remain at rest between each trip long enough
for the transfer of the cars 18. This period of inactivity is provided for when the
cage is up by extending the frame 67, a little beyond the rack, so that the
pinion 65, passes out of engagement with the rack.
It is provided for when the cage is down by spacing the adjacent ends of the
racks 67, 67, apart so that the pinion 65, is disengaged from the one before
engagement with the other.
'
The pinion 65, being disengaged from the rack when the cage 21, is up and
suspended by the cord 22; it is necessary that means be provided for preventing its
fail, until, the motion of the bar 64, having been reversed, the rack again engages
the pinion. This is accomplished by means of the latch hook 68, pivoted to a
bracket 69, secured to the hanger 65b, and having a laterally projecting arm 686,
which is connected to a portion of the frame 50, by a spring 68, in such manner
that the hook is held normally in position for engagement with a pin 70, fixed in
the side of the drum 27.
- The nose of the hook 68, is formed to act as a cam so that the contact with it of
the pin 70, will force it back to allow the pin to pass. The position of the hook is
such that the pin 70, passes it just as the cage 21, reaches the limit of its upward
movement.
In order to release the pin 70, from the latch hook 68, to allow the cage 21, to
descend, a rod 71, is pivotally connected to the arm 68b, and to one arm of a bell
crank 71", pivoted to a portion of the frame 50, in such position as to be engaged
by pins 71b, set in the side of the gear wheel 66 (Figs. 12, 13) whereby the arm 68",
of the latch hook 68, is drawn back against the resistance of the spring 68.
It will be seen that when the cage 21, is descending the rotation of the drum 27,
will tend to bring the pin 70, directly into engagement with the hook 68, and it is
necessary that the hook be drawn back to allow the pin to pass. For this purpose
two, or more, pins, 71b, are set in the side of the wheel 66, in such position as to
insure the withdrawal of the hook at the proper moment.
For the purpose of preventing the cage 21, from dropping between the
disengagement of the rack 67, or 67, from the pinion 65", and the engagement of
the hook 68, with the pin 70, and for other purposes hereinafter explained, a bell

page_text: crank lever 72, (Figs. 2 and 14) is used. This lever is pivoted at its angle to a
hanger 72, attached to the frame 50, in such position as to swing at the side of the
drum 27, opposite to the side supporting the pin 70, and a pin 72b, is set in the side
of the drum to co-operate with it. The lever 72, is normally held back from
engagement with the pin 72b, by a spring 72', connecting it with a portion of the
frame 50.
A rod 72, is pivotally connected with the lateral arm of the lever 72, and to one
arm of a bell-crank 72°, pivoted to the frame 50, in such position that its other
arm engages pins 728, set in the side of the wheel 66, opposite to the pins 71°.
The pressure of the pins 72, against the bell-crank 72, draws the lever 72, down
across the path of the pin 72°. The relative position of the pins 70, and 72°, and
the adjustment of the various parts co-operating with them, as already described,
are such that the lever 72, is drawn down behind the pin 72b, by the action of one
of the pins 72, as the cage 21, approaches the limit of its upward movement, and
insures the forward movement of the drum 27, to a point where the hook 68, will
certainly drop behind the pin 70. This provision admits of the racks 67, 67b,
being made short enough to become disengaged from the pinion 65*, before the
cage 21, has quite reached the limit of its movement.
Just before the hook 68, is released from engagement with the pin 70, to allow
the cage 21, to descend, the lever 72, is again brought down against the pin 72°,
and slowly withdrawn the pin following it. This action takes place as the motion
of the bar 64, is reversed and the pinion 65*, comes again into engagement with the
rack before the pin 72b, is freed from contact with the arm 72. This is accomplished
by means of a cam lever 72', pivoted to the frame 50, and cooperating with
studs 72, 72, set in the side of the gear wheel 54, and pivotally connected with
the lateral arm of the lever 72, by means of the rod 72d, the face of the cam 72',
being so formed as to secure the desired action of the lever 72, and the studs 72b,
being so placed as to properly time this action. This mechanism also controls the
adjustment of the pinion 65, to the racks and prevents undue wear of the teeth
of the latter.
The length of the rope 22, is accurately adjusted by passing its end through the
side of the drum 27, and attaching it to a screw bolt 73, which is screwed into a
suitable socket in a plate 73%, secured to the drum 27. A nut 73, turned up on
this boit, against the plate 73*, affords means for adjusting the length of the rope.
One of the terminals of travel of the cars 18, co-operating with the elevator
cage 21, is at the cage itself, a section of the track 44, being laid thereon, (Figs. 4
and 8).
The
such
The sprocket gear is timed to stop as the car takes its place on the cage.
means of attachment of the cars to the sprocket chains 45, 46, 47, and 48,
that the ascent and descent of the cage 21, makes and breaks it.
An eye 18,
(Fig. 8) projects from the end of the car. The chains 45, 46, each carries a
downwardly opening hook 45", for engaging the eye 18. The chains 47, 48, each
carries an upwardly opening hook 47", for the same purpose.
When the cage
starts either ascending or descending the car 18, is disengaged from the hook 45*,
or 47, and the sprocket chain carrying the hook thus left does not again move until
a car returns and is attached to it by the engagement of the eye 18ª, with its hook.
A figure 75, (Figs. 1 and 8) representing a man attends each car 18, as it recedes
from and returns to the shaft 8. These figures represent the men who in practice
push the cars. In this exhibit they are each carried by a block 75", adapted to
slide upon a bar 75b, located beside and parallel with, the track 44. This block 75*,
is moved on the bar by means of a finger 75°, carried by the sprocket chain and
projecting laterally therefrom, so as to engage upwardly projecting lugs 75ª, 754,
carried by the block 75*. The lugs 75ª, are spaced apart so that the man is not
caused to move until the car has passed him, when he immediately follows it. The
man 75, is pivotally mounted upon the block 75", and an arm 75°, projects laterally
from his pivot pin. A cam 75', is fixed beside the bar 75%, in such position as to
engage the arm 75°, at the commencement of the movement of the block 75*, and

page_text: swing it outwardly, causing the man to face about. This cam 75', is in the form of
a strip of sheet metal standing on edge parallel with the bar 75", and having its
ends bent inwardly towards that bar. The strip 75', being continuous serves to
steady the man 75, and prevent him from being turned by the jar of the machinery.
It is alike at both ends so that when moving in either direction the car is followed
by the man who turns about face at the commencement of his movement.
Stop pins 758, 758, are set, one upon each side of the pivot pin of the figure 75,
to limit the throw of the arm 75. Their position is such that the end of the,
arm 75, is normally outside of the end of the cam 75'. As the arm 75°, passes
the cam 75', after the figure 75, has been turned the cam and the arm both yield
a little, resuming their normal position as they become disengaged.
This mechanism for showing the car as being attended by a man is repeated in
connection with the car moving to and from the shaft 9, in the level 11, and being
in all respects the same as that used in connection with the shaft 8, is not shown or
described except to show the figure of the man 18, Fig. 1.
The drum 26, (Fig. 2) carrying the bucket 24, which plays in the shaft 9, is
mounted upon a shaft journalled in a bracket 26, attached to the frame 50. Upon
the same shaft is mounted a pinion 26, meshing with a rack 76, reciprocating in
suitable guide ways carried by the frame 50, and being actuated by a rocking
lever 77, fulcrumed upon the frame 50, and pivoted to the slide bar 64, its pivotal
attachment thereto being by means of a pin in the bar 64, and a longitudinal slot in
the lever 77. The rack bar 76, is jointed as shown at 76, to allow of the
flexure incident to the curved path of the end of the rocking lever 77.
The movements of the bucket 24, succeed each other regularly, only such time
being allowed between them as would suffice for the filling and dumping of the
bucket. The parts are so adjusted that a complete rotation of the wheel 66, causes
a cycle of the bucket 24, which is at the limits of its travel when the crank pin 66*,
is on the centers.
The passage of these centers affords the necessary time between the movements
of the bucket.
The rack 76, also drives the sprocket wheel 49", a pinion 49, being mounted upon
the shaft of the sprocket wheel so as to mesh with the rack.
The air drills 39, 41, (Fig. 1) are actuated by a belt 78, running from the cone
pulley 82, mounted on the shaft of the pinions 53, 53, (Fig. 13) this belt being
turned over sheaves 78*, carried by the wall 23, and passed through an aperture in
Baid wall so as to drive a pulley 43", mounted upon the spindle 43, of the air drills.
This pulley 43, is hid from view by the representation of the rock separating the
shaft 8, from the level 11, and indicated at 8, in Fig. 1.
At 79, is shown a belt leading from a pulley 79, behind the wall 23, to a drum 79°,
(Fig. 4) representing the drum for operating the elevator cage 21, in actual practice.
This drum performs no function in connection with the other parts of the exhibit
except to drive the piston rod 79° which is connected to the shaft of the drum by a
crank, and with the cylinder 790, into which it plays, representing the engine for
running the elevator cage.
The rope way 6, for conveying buckets of ore down the mountain side to the
stamp mill 7, consists of an endless cable running upon sheaves 6º, 6º, 6º, 6'd,
supported upon scaffolding 6º, 6, 68, and supporting buckets 64, 6, 6, (Figs. 1
and 2). The rope way 6, is driven by a belt 80, (Figs. 2 and 33) running from a
pulley 80, behind the wall 23, to a pulley 80%, within the scaffolding 6°, and being
turned over sheaves 80%, 80°. The stamp mill 7, is shown (Figs. 2 and 27) as
containing batteries of stamps (7*) operated by a belt 81, leading from the cone
pulley 82
The belt 81, drives a representation of a water wheel 7%, mounted in the frame
of the stamp mill 7, and which turns the cam shaft actuating the pestles of the
batteries 7ª. The mechanism of the stamp mill being the same, in miniature, as
that used in actual practice it is not shown in detail except as in Fig. 27.
A bucket 83, (Figs. 1 and 20) is carried up and down in the whim shaft 13, by

page_text: means of a rope 83*, turned over a sheave 83°, hung from the crotch of a tripod 83ª,.
and carried under a sheave 83b, at the top of the shaft and wound upon a drum 84,.
carried by a sleeve 84", mounted upon the vertical spindle 85, for which it furnishes.
a journal bearing. The sleeve 84, is journalled in plates 86, 86%, secured to.
portions of the frame 50, and has no vertical movement. This sleeve also carries:
a drum 87, upon which is wound a rope 87" leading from the slide bar 57, so that
the reciprocation of this bar unwinds the rope from the drum, thereby drawing up
the bucket by winding the rope 83, upon its drum. The relative sizes of the
drums 84 and 87, are such that the bucket is raised out of the shaft by a part only
of the movement of bar 57, so that after it has been lowered to the bottom of the
shaft and the rotary motion of the drums ceases the rope 87*, slackens and remains
loose until the bar 57, has reached the same point on its return stroke.
While the
rope is thus slackened the bucket is, of course, at the bottom of the shaft and the
man 88, is supposed to fill it with a shovel.
The whim is represented as being operated by horse power, and the horse 89,.
is represented as moving only while the bucket is coming up, and as standing
still while it is being lowered and filled. This action is secured in the following
manner: The horse is attached to a crank beam, 89, which is secured to the
head 89, of the spindle 85. This spindle has some vertical play so that the
head 89, may rest upon the upper end of the sleeve 84", or it may be raised above
it. The contact surfaces of the head 89%, and the sleeve 84", are armed with
friction plates 89°, 84, pieces of sand paper being used for that purpose. When
these plates are in contact as shown in Fig. 22, the rotation of the sleeve 84",.
causes the horse to revolve. The foot piece 84°, of the spindle 85, rests upon a
slide bar 90, located parallel with and directly above the slide bar 57, which is
supported at one end by a guide loop 90%, attached to the frame 50, and at the
other end by a hanger 86b, formed by extending the plate 86. A rod 91, is
attached to the upper edge of the bar 90, and has an offset near its point of
attachment so as to raise it from the bar, the rod, however, extending parallel with
the bar from this offset. A cam is thus formed whereby the spindle 85, may be
raised. This bar 90, is provided with stops, formed by attaching the loop 90b, to
its side. A lateral finger 57, projects upwardly from the bar 57, through the
loop 90, within which it freely moves as the bar 57, travels. The length of the
loop 90, is such that the finger 57ª, reaches one of its ends just before the bar 57,.
reaches the limit of its movement in either direction. As the bar 57, approaches.
the spindle 85, it moves the cam 91, from under it so that the spindle falls and its.
friction plate comes in contact with that at the top of the sleeve 84°. The horse 89,
is now so connected with the mechanism for elevating the bucket 83, that as the
rope 87, is drawn taut and unwound from the drum 87, by the return movement.
of the bar 57, it is caused to revolve about the spindle.
Just before the bucket reaches the top of the shaft the finger 57, reaches the
end of the loop 90, and the cam 91, is drawn under the spindle 85, raising it and
stopping the horse which remains disconnected from the bucket elevating mechanism
until the bar 57, again approaches the opposite limit of its movement when the
cam 91, is moved from under the spindle 85, as before and the operation is
repeated.
A bucket 92, (Figs. 1 and 28) is operated in the winze 12, by means of a
cord 92", running over and around a windlass 93, at the top of the winze and
leading through an aperture in the wall 23, to the upper end of the lever 77, to
which it is attached (Figs. 2, 7). The movement of the lever raises the bucket
and allows it to fall. Two men 94, 94, are shown as appearing to operate the
windlass 93, by its handles. These men are jointed at the hips and shoulders.
(Fig. 29) so that the rotation of the windlass by the action of the cord 92*, causes
them to move in simulation of the action of men in turning a crank. The bucket 92,
is at rest both at the top and bottom of the winze as the crank pin to which the
pitman 65, is attached is passing the centers, thus representing the delay incident.
to the emptying and filling of the bucket.

page_text: Figures of men appear at various places on the front of the wall 23, and in
connection with the shaft houses 3, 4. Most of these figures are jointed and
connected with the mechanism behind the wall 23, in such manner as to represent
the various occupations of miners.
At 75, 75, are represented men for pushing the cars 18, to and from the shaft 8,
in the level 10; at 102, 102, are represented men for pushing these cars to and
from the shaft 8, at the surface,-ihese cars going in one direction to the ore
bin 5, and in the other to a refuse dump 5. At 18, is represented a man
co-operating with the car 18, in the level 11. The men 18 and 102, are mounted
and operated the same as the men 75, already described.
At 3, is a fixed figure of a man, in shaft house 3, shown as a blacksmith and
at 4*, is a fixed figure of a fireman seeming to be at work about the furnace in the
shaft house 4.
At 103, 103, 103, (Figs. 1 and 3) are shown men using shovels in connection
with the chutes 17; at 92, a man shoveling in connection with the bucket 92;
at 104, 104, 104, 104, 104, are represented men working with drills in overhead
stoping; at 106, is shown a party of men represented as in the act of examining
samples of rock.
At 105, 105, are shown men engaged in using picks. Various other figures are
represented in different parts of the mine, engaged in the same occupations as
those already enumerated, but are not shown or described in detail.
In Fig. 1 are shown representations of trees, mountains and a cabin. In the
exhibit these are merely painted upon canvas hung back of the mechanical portions,
and form simply an ornamental part of the device.
"
The shoveling, pick, drill, and windlass men are jointed as shown in Fig. 29, and
are each (with the exception of the windlass men 94,) attached to a spindle, as 107,
(Figs. 30, 31) which passes through and is journalled in the wall 23. This spindle
passes through the body of the figure at the shoulders, and is bent laterally to form
one of the arms, and terminates at the bandle of the tool. The other arm is
formed by running a piece of wire from the spindle to the tool at the opposite side
of the body. In the case of the men using shovels, 103, 103, 103, the spindle is
bent to form a crank arm after passing through the wall and before entering the
body of the figure, that portion which passes through the figure being in fact the
crank pin, so that the rotation of the spindle causes flexure of the body at the hips.
These spindles, 107, have at their inner ends, behind the wall 23, crank
arms 108, which are linked by the rods 110, to bell-cranks 109, (Figs. 23, 24),
which are pivotally attached at their angles to the wall 23, and in some instances
to slide bars 111, carried in guide loops 111, (Figs. 25, 26) attached to the wall 23,
and having lateral arms 111. The free ends of the bell-cranks 109, and the lateral
arms 111 of the bars 111, are adapted to be engaged and depressed by cams 112, 113,
respectively, carried by and rotating with the shafts 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101.
Springs, as 114, connect the crank arms 108, with the wall 23, in such manner as
to resist the action of the cams 112, 113. The cams 112, co-operate with the
figures representing shovelers whose motions are comparatively slow and regular.
The cam is therefore so formed as to gradually depress the bell-crank 109, and as
gradually release it. The depression of the bell-crank causes the figure to execute
the movement of raising the shovel. The raising of the bell-crank by the action
of the spring 114, simulates the action of lowering the shovel. The interval
between two engagements of the cam with the bell-crank represents the time
occupied in filling the shovel. The form of the cam is such that the bell-crank is
not immediately released from depression, the figure remaining at rest long enough
to represent the time consumed in emptying the shovel.
The bar 111, and cam 113, co-operate with figures representing the men 104, etc.,
engaged in hand drilling. These men strike short blows in rapid succession. The
action is slow as the hammer is drawn back and quick as the blow is struck. The
cam is made with three arms that the action may be more rapid than that of
the shovelers who are actuated from the same shaft. The arms of the cam 113,

page_text: are substantially of the same form as that of the cam 112, but directed oppositely.
Bearing down upon the lateral arms of the bar 111, by their curved surfaces they
depress it gradually, leaving it abruptly as their ends pass it the springs cause a
quick return to the normal position.
At 88, is shown a man filling a bucket in the whim shaft 13, with a shovel.
This man is in action only when the bucket is at the bottom of the shaft. The
crank for actuating him is shown at 88", (Fig. 2) and is linked to a bell-crank 88b,
which in turn is linked to a bell-crank 88°, one arm of which is normally held to a
rotating cam 88, by the action of a spring 88°. The form of the cam 88, is the
same as that of the cam 112, shown in Fig. 24, and already described, the bell-
crank 88, being slowly depressed and released. The suspension of work by this
figure is accomplished by fixing a button 95, upon the link connecting the bell-
cranks 88, and 88°, and locating a spring actuated lever 95*, so that it will bear
down upon the button and force the bell-crank 88°, away from contact with the
cam 88. This lever 95, is pivoted at one end to the wall 23, and the spring 95,
which controls it, is of greater tension than the spring 88, which tends to hold the
bell-crank 88°, to the cam. A connecting rod 95°, leads from the lever 95*, to one
arm of a bell-crank 95ª, which is pivoted to the wall 23, in such position that its
other arm is in the path of the slide bar 57, and adapted to be struck by its end
and forced back as the bar reaches the last part of its travel, and held back until
the bar again recedes. This action of the bell-crank 95%, lifts the lever 95, from
the button 95, and allows the bell-crank 88°, to come into play with the cam 88.
As already described when the bar 57, is in that part of its travel the bucket is
at the bottom of the shaft. The adjustment of the parts is such that the bell-
crank 95, is released from contact with the bar 57, before the rope 87", is drawn
taught so as to commence to elevate the bucket, giving the man time to signal for
the bucket to be hoisted.
The hand drill men 104, etc., use their arms independently. The action of the
hammer arm has already been described. The other arm is jointed at the elbow
and is secured to the drill which seems to enter a hole in the rock but which is in
fact a thrust rod 115, passing through the wall 23, and pivotally secured to one
arm of a bell-crank 116, pivoted at the back of the wall 23, and co-operating with
a cam similar to the cam 113, and having a spring for resisting the cam.
motion communicated to the drill 115, and arm holding it simulates the action of
the operator in slightly withdrawing the drill to turn it between the blows of the
hammer. The action of the two arms is so timed that they move alternately.
The
I have not endeavoured to represent minutely the construction of each figure
and its particular operating mechanism, for the reason that these figures may be
varied in number and position as desired.
The shafts 96, to 101, are driven from a main shaft 117, journalled in the
frame 50, and driven by a belt 118, leading from the cone pulley 82.
"
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Scenic Apparatus for Representing Mining and
other Operations.
I, WILLIAM KEAST, of Central City in the County of Gilpin, and State of
Colorado, United States of America, Miner do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described.and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to mechanical exhibits. Its object is to supply a mechanical
12

page_text: scenic exhibit of a gold or silver mine in operation, and the various methods
employed in developing the mine and taking out the ore.
The invention consists of mechanism for showing the various operations
performed in mining for gold or silver on a fissure vein. The shafts, levels
and other excavations of such a mine are represented in a sectional model of a
mountain; the miners and mining appliances are represented by working models,
and mechanism is provided for communicating the necessary and appropriate
motions of all of the moving parts.
The sectional representation of the mine consists of a vertical frame, or wall,
of wood, or other material, having one of its surfacés covered with powdered
rock to represent the rock through which the shafts are sunk. The various
openings are shown by depressions in the face of the wall, and within these
.depressions are located the miners' cars, buckets, elevators, drills and other
appliances. Above the representation of the rock, in section, are located
mechanical representations of the buildings and machinery used for handling and
manipulating the ore.
The mechanism for operating these figures is located upon the opposite or
reverse side of the wall and will be described in detail. The extreme thickness of
the entire structure is but a few inches.
In the drawings left with my Provisional Specification
Figure 1 (appearing in part upon two sheets) is a front elevation of the exhibit;
Figure 2 (appearing in part upon two sheets) is a rear elevation of the exhibit;
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the front elevation ;
Figures 4 and 5, are vertical sections showing the shafts Figure 4 being taken
on the line 4-4 of Figure 7;
Figure 6 is a plan section of one of the shafts, taken on the line 6-6 of
Figure 5;
Figure 7 shows a portion of the rear elevation of the exhibit;
Figures 8 to 34 are details of the operating mechanism Figure 11 being taken on
the line 11-11 of Figure 8; Figure 13 on the line 13-13 of Figure 7; Figure 17,
on the line 17-17 of Figure 15, and Figure 18 on the line 18-18 of Figure 17.
The models, used in the device, of the appliances employed in mining, are
merely for the purpose of representing these parts in form and general aspect,
but do not except in one or two instances, partake of the same construction in
detail, nor do they actually perform the functious of the parts represented. For
convenience, however, they are referred to by the names of the parts they
represent.
Described in detail the drawings show at 1, 1, (Figure 1) the sectional
representations of the rock through which the fissure extends and within which
the mine is being operated. At 1 are shown cross sections of feeders or spurs,
being small veins leading into the large one. The line 1, indicates the depth of
the oxidation of the rock. At 2, 2 is shown the surface of the mountain upon
which are located the shaft houses 3, 4; the ore bin 5" and powder magazine 5 ;
the rope way conveyor 6, for transporting the ore down the mountain side; the
stamp mill 7, and various other appurtenances hereinafter described.
Two shafts 8, 9 are shown extending vertically downward from the shaft houses 3
and 4 respectively. Levels are shown at 10 and 11, the shaft 9 extending below
the latter, the shaft 8 being shown as not having reached the lower level the
intervening space being represented by the casing 8* (Figures 1 and 4) appearing
on the surface as rock, Two winzes are shown at 12, 12; a whim shaft is shown
at 13. At 14, 14 are shown stulls in the levels 10 and 11, excavations in the form
of stopes having been made above these levels as shown at 15, 15 and refuse rock
having been piled up on the stulls as shown at 16, 16. Chutes 17, 17 for the ore
pass down through the waste rock 16, opening through the stulls 14, 14; so that
the cars 18, 18, in the levels 10, 11, may run under them and be filled. The
entrance to a cross cut leading laterally from the level 11, is shown at 19. Within
the several shafts 8, 9, 13, are shown ladders 20, 20, 20, (Figures 1, 5 and 6,) and

page_text: in one of the chutes through the waste rock 16, is shown a ladder 17*, to enable
the stopers to reach their work from the level 10.
An elevator car, or cage 21 is shown in the shaft 8 for elevation the cars 18, aud
is suspended from a wire rope 22, which passes over sheaves 22 22° (Figure 4) in
the shaft house 3, down to a drum behind the wall 23.
A bucket 24 (Figure 1) moves up and down in shaft 9, being carried by a wire
rope 25, extending over the sheave 25 (Figure 5) in the shaft house 4, and down
over the sheave 25° to a drum 26, (Figure 2) behind the wall 23.
A pump 28 is located in the sump at the bottom of the shaft 9; discharging
through the pipe 29, and a trough 29", into a tank 30 half way up the shaft.
A pump 31, elevates the water from the tank 30, through the pipe 32, to the
surface, where it is discharged through a tube 31*.
Both pumps 28 and 31, are operated by the rod 33, which reaches directly to the
lower pump, an offset 33, leading to the upper one. This pump rod is actuated by
a walking beam 34, (Figure 5) pivoted to the frame work at the top of the shaft.
and connected by a pitman 34 with the crank pin of a gear wheel 35 which
represents the crank wheel of the model of the engine 35 designed to drive the
pumps.
The gear wheel 35, is driven by a belt 35d, leading from a pulley 35°, located
behind the wall 23, and more fully described hereinafter, (Figures 2, 5 and 19).
At 350, and 35', are shown idler pulleys for carrying the belt 354, to the most con-
venient positions for providing openings for it through the frame work of the
structure. The idler 35, is mounted upon the shaft of a gear wheel 3b, which
meshes with the gear wheel 35, and represents a part of the machinery in the
shaft house 4. The machinery for hoisting, pumping and air compression, is not
intended to be correctly represented, but is placed in the building merely to show
that machinery is used in that situation.
It has not been deemed necessary to show or describe in detail the pumps 28, 31
for the reason that they are of the ordinary form of Cornish pumps. At 38, is
shown a compressed air pipe (Figures 1 and 6) supposed to lead from a compressor,
not represented, in the shaft house 4, down the shaft 9, through the level 11, to an
air drill 39, being operated by the men 40 below the end of the shaft 8, for the
purpose of extending the shaft to the level. A second air drill is represented at 41,
(Figure 1) being apparently supplied by the pipe 42, leading from shaft house 3,
and supplied by an air pump therein, not represented in the device.
The two representations of air drills 39, 41, (Figures 21 27 and 32) are in fact
mounted upon a spindle 43, which is driven by a belt running on a pulley 43*, on
the spindle and leading from a pulley behind the wall 23, as hereinafter described.
These representations of air drills consist of short cylindrical blocks to show the
general form of the drills which serve as bearings for the spindle 43. The shaft 8,
is shown as terminating above the level 11, and the two air drills 39, 41 are being
operated to open connection between the two. The spindle 43, passes through
a casing 8 representing the intervening rock, and is therefore hidden from view
throughout the greater part of its extent. The short portions of the spindle
between the drill and the rock serve as representations of the drill bit used with
tools of the class represented.
The cars 18, 18 run upon tracks 44 (Figures 4 and 8) located in the level 10, and
upon the surface and leading in both directions, in both instances from the shaft 8,
also in the level 11, leading in one direction, but not shown, from the shaft 9.
Upon these tracks the cars reciprocàte being moved by means of the sprocket
chains 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 whose construction and action are hereinafter more fully
described, and which are driven respectively by the sprocket wheels 60, 61, 62, 63
and 49 and run over sprocket sheaves 76, 76, journalled in the frame 50, there
being a pair of such sheaves to each chain, located, one at each end of the travel
of the cars 18, and directly under the track 44, upon which said cars run.
The arrangement of these chains and sprocket sheaves being the same in all
instances I have deemed it necessary to show only one in detail (Figure 8).

page_text: Below the sprocket chains and between their supporting sheaves is located a:
shelf, as 46 (Figure 17) for supporting the chain and preventing it from sagging..
These shelves are secured to the frame work 50.
The mechanism for operating the various moving parts of the exhibit is carried
upon the back surface of the wall 23, and by frame work 50, of light beams,
disposed as may be required for strength and to serve as bearings for the various
shafts, etc.
Power is applied by a belt 51, (Figure 7) leading from any desired source of.
power, to a pulley 52 (Figures 2 and 7), mounted upon a shaft 52, journalled in
uprights forming a part of the frame 50. For convenience this pulley and shaft.
are located at the lower right hand corner of the wall 23. The shaft 52, also
carries a worm gear 52b, which meshes with and drives a gear wheel 53, lying in a.
plane parallel with the wall 23, and having mounted with it a small pinion 53",
which meshes with a gear wheel 54, of considerably larger size, and which is
provided with a crank pin 54*. A pitman 55 leads from the crank pin 54,
'Figures 2, 7, and 13) to one arm of a rocking lever 56, which is fulcrumed by a
pivot pin 56", to a part of the frame 50, and reaches up to actuate the sprocket
chains 45, 46, which move the car 18, to and from the top of the shaft 8, and to.
perform other functions hereinafter described. Motion is communicated to the
sprocket chains from the lever 56, through a horizontal slide bar 57, carried by
brackets 58, 59, secured to the frame 50.
The attachment of the lever 56, to the bar 57, is by means of a pin 57, set in
the bar and engaging a longitudinal slot 56%, in the lever so that the lever may pass.
through the are of its movement without communicating angular motion to the bar..
The brackets 58, 59, also carry respectively, the sprocket wheels 60, 61, which.
mesh with the chains 45, and 46. The hub of each of the wheels 60, 61, carries a
pinion 60, 61, which meshes with the racks 57, 57°, on the bar 57. The relative
sizes, of the gear wheels 60, and 61, and of their respective pinions 60, 61, and the
length of the racks 57, 57, are such that the movement of each rack through its
entire length in contact with the pinion moves the car 18, exactly the length of its
track, and the two racks are so disposed upon the bar 57, that the movement of one
car from the shaft commences just before the movement of the other one to it ceases..
Cars 18, in the level 10, are moved to and from the shaft 8, in the same manner.
by sprocket chains 47, 48, actuated by sprocket wheels 62, 63, respectively. These,
sprocket wheels are journalled in brackets 62, 63*, secured to the frame work 50,
(Figures 2, 7, 17), the shafts of the wheels 62, 63, also carry pinions 62, 63,
which mesh with the racks 64, 64, upon a slide bar 64, carried by the
brackets 62, 63. The length of the racks 64", 64, and their disposition upon the
bar 64, are such that the wheels 62, 63 are actuated intermittently and relatively.
to each other in such manner that the removal of one car 18, from the shaft
commences just before the other car is delivered to it. The slide bar 64, is driven.
by a pitman 65, attached to a crank pin 66, on a pinion 66, (Figures 2, 7, 13),
which meshes with and is driven by the gear wheel 54.
The drum 27, (Figures 2, 14 to 18) for carrying the cage 21 is mounted upon a
shaft 27", journalled in a hanger 65b, secured to the frame 50. The drum is of
such size that it makes exactly two revolutions in raising the cage 21... It is
actuated by a form of mangle rack 67, carried by the slide bar 64.
This mangle
rack comprises a rectangular frame 67, having racks 67, and 67b, upon the inner.
surfaces of its top and bottom sides respectively. These racks are near opposite
ends of the frame 67, and each extends less than half the length of the frame. The
parts are so disposed that a pinion 65*, mounted upon the shaft 27", lies within the
frame 67, and is adapted to engage both racks 67, 67. Each of these racks has,
twice as many teeth as the pinion so that in moving its full length in engagement
with the pinion each causes the two revolutions of the drum 27, necessary to raise
or lower the cage 21. When the bar 64 has reached either of the limits of its
movement the cage 21 is at the top of the shaft 8, and the pinion 65, is at one end
of the rack frame 67...

page_text: As the bar 64, starts upon its next movement the rack (either 67", or 67") with
which the pinion 65ª, is engaged, allows the cage, 21, to slowly descend. It
reaches the lower limit of its travel, at the level 10, when the pinion 65, is at
the end of the rack. The bar 64, continuing to move in the same direction, the
pinion 65, comes into engagement with the rack upon the opposite side of the
frame 67, and the drum 27, is rotated in the opposite direction so as to again
elevate the cage 21, the latter reaching the upper limit of its movement just after
the pinion 65, becomes disengaged at the farther end of the rack.
It is necessary that the cage 21, remain at rest between each trip long enough
for the transfer of the cars 18. This period of inactivity is provided for when the
cage is up by extending the frame 67, a little beyond the rack, so that the
pinion 65*, passes out of engagement with the rack.
It is provided for when the cage is down by spacing the adjacent ends of the
racks 67, 67, apart so that the pinion 65, is disengaged from the one before.
engagement with the other.
up and
The pinion 65, being disengaged from the rack when the cage 21,
suspended by the cord 22, it is necessary that means be provided for preventing its
fall, until, the motion of the bar 64, having been reversed, the rack again engages
the pinion. This is accomplished by means of the latch hook 68, pivoted to a
bracket 69, secured to the hanger 65, and having a laterally projecting arm 68b,
which is connected to a portion of the frame 50, by a spring 68, in such manner
that the hook is held normally in position for engagement with a pin 70, fixed in
the side of the drum 27.
The nose of the hook 68, is formed to act as a cain so that the contact with it of
the pin 70, will force it back to allow the pin to pass. The position of the hook is
such that the pin 70, passes it just as the cage 21, reaches the limit of its upward,
movement.
In order to release the pin 70, from the latch hook €8, to allow the cage 21, to
descend, a rod 71, is pivotally connected to the arm 68b, and to one arm of a bell
crank 71, pivoted to a portion of the frame 50, in such position as to be engaged
by pins 71°, set in the side of the gear wheel 66, (Figures 12, 13) whereby the
arm 68, of the latch hook 68, is drawn back against the resistance of the
spring 68*.
It will be seen that when the cage 21, is descending the rotation of the drum 27,
will tend to bring the pin 70, directly into engagement with the hook 68, and it is
Decessary that the hook be drawn back to allow the pin to pass. For this purpose.
two, or more, pins, 71, are set in the side of the wheel 66, in such position as to
insure the withdrawal of the hook at the proper moment.
For the purpose of preventing the cage 21, from dropping between the
disengagement of the rack 67, or 67", from the pinion 65, and the engagement of
the hook 68, with the pin 70, and for other purposes hereinafter explained, a bell
crank lever 72, (Figures 2 and 14) is used. This lever is pivoted at its angle to a
hanger 72, attached to the frame 50, in such position as to swing at the side of the
drum 27, opposite to the side supporting the pin 70, and a pin 72, is set in the side
of the drum to co-operate with it. The lever 72, is normally held back from
engagement with the pin 72b, by a spring 72' connecting it with a portion of the
frame 50.
A rod 72, is pivotally connected with the lateral arm of the lever 72, and to one
arm of a bell-crank 72, pivoted to the frame 50, in such position that its other
arm engages pins 728, set in the side of the wheel 66, opposite to the pins 71".
The pressure of the pins 72, against the bell-crank 72°, draws the lever 72, down
across the path of the pin- 72h. The relative position of the pins 70, and 72b, and
the adjustment of the various parts co-operating with them, as already described; are
such that the lever 72, is drawn down behind the pin 72b, by the action of one of
the pins 72, as, the cage 21, approaches the limit of its upward movement, and
insures the forward movement of the drum 27, to a point where the hook 68, will

page_text: certainly drop behind the pin 70. This provision admits of the racks 67*, 67,
being made short enough to become disengaged from the pinion 65*, before the
cage 21, has quite reached the limit of its movement.
Just before the hook 68, is released from engagement with the pin 70, to allow
the cage 21, to descend, the lever 72, is again brought down against the pin 72",
and slowly withdrawn the pin following it. This action takes place as the motion
of the bar 64, is reversed and the pinion 65*, comes again into engagement with the
rack before the pin 72b, is freed from contact with the arm 72. This is
accomplished by means of a cam lever 72', pivoted to the frame 50, and co-operating
with studs 72, 72, set in the side of the gear wheel 54, and pivotally connected
with the lateral arm of the lever 72, by means of the rod 721, the face of the
cam 72, being so formed as to secure the desired action of the lever 72, and the
studs 72, being so placed as to properly time this action. This mechanism also
controls the adjustment of the pinion 65, to the racks and prevents undue wear of
the teeth of the latter.
The length of the rope 22, is accurately adjusted by passing its end through the
side of the drum 27, and attaching it to a screw bolt 73, which is screwed into a
suitable socket in a plate 73, secured to the drum 27, a nut 73, turned up on this
bolt, against the plate 73, affords means for adjusting the length of the rope.
One of the terminals of travel of the cars 18, co-operating with the elevator
cage 21, is at the cage itself, a section of the track 44, being laid thereon,
(Figures 4 and 8).
The sprocket gear is timed to stop as the car takes its place on the cage. The
means of attachment of the cars to the sprocket chains 45, 46, 47 and 48, is such
that the ascent and descent of the cage 21, makes and breaks it. An eye 18ª,
(Figure 8) projects from the end of the car. The chains 45, 46, each carries a
downwardly opening hook 45*, for engaging the eye 18. The chains 47, 48, each
carries an upwardly opening hook 47*, for the same purpose.
When the cage
starts either ascending or descending the car 18, is disengaged from the hook 45*,
or 47", and the sprocket chain carrying the hook thus left does not again move
until a car returns and is attached to it by the engagement of the eye 18°, with
its book.
A figure 75, (Figures 1 and 8) representing a man attends each car 18, as it,
recedes from and returns to the shaft 8. These figures represent the men who in
practice push the cars. In this exhibit they are each carried by a block 75*,
adapted to slide upon a bar 75b, located beside and parallel with, the track 44.
This block 75*, is moved on the bar by means of a finger 75°, carried by the
sprocket chain and projecting laterally therefrom, so as to engage upwardly
projecting lugs 75ª, 75, carried by the block 75. The lugs 75ª, are spaced apart
so, that the man is not caused to move until the car has passed him, when he
immediately follows it. The man 75, is pivotally mounted upon the block 75°, and
an arm 75°, projects laterally from his pivot pin. A cam 75', is fixed beside the
bar 75, in such position as to engage the arm 75°, at the commencement of the
movement of the block 75*, and swing it outwardly causing the man to face about.
This cam 75, is in the form of a strip of sheet metal standing on edge parallel with
the bar 75%, and having its ends bent inwardly towards that bar. The strip 75',
being continuous serves to steady the man 75, and prevent him from being turned
by the jar of the machinery. It is alike at both ends so that when moving in
either direction the car is followed by the man who turns about face at the
commencement of his movement..
Stop pins 758, 75, are set, one upon each side of the pivot pin of the figure 75,
to limit the throw of the arm 75°. Their position is such that the end of the
arm 75°, is normally outside of the end of the cam 75. As the arm 75°, passes
the cam 75', after the figure 75, has been turned the cam and the arm both yield
a little, resuming their normal position as they become disengaged.
:
This mechanism for showing the car as being attended by a man is repeated in

page_text: connection with the car moving to and from the shaft 9, in the level. 11, and being
in all respects the same as that used in connection with the shaft 8, is not shown or
described except to show the figures of the man 18*, Figure 1.
The drum 26, (Figure 2) carrying the bucket 24, which plays in the shaft 9, is
mounted upon a shaft journalled in a bracket 26", attached to the frame 50. Upon
the same shaft is mounted a pinion 26, meshing with a rack 76, reciprocating in
suitable guide ways carried by the frame 50, and being actuated by a rocking
lever 77, fulcrumed upon the frame 50, and pivoted to the slide bar 64, its pivotal
attachment thereto being by means of a pin in the bar 64, and a longitudinal slot
in the lever 77. The rack bar 76, is jointed as shown at 76, to allow of the flexure
incident to the curved path of the end of the rocking lever 77.
The movements of the bucket 24, succeed each other regularly only such time
being allowed between them as would suffice for the filling and dumping of the
bucket. The parts are so adjusted that a complete rotation of the wheel 66, causes
a cycle of the bucket 24, which is at the limits of its travel when the crank pin 66*,
is on the ceutres.
The passage of these centres affords the necessary time between the movements
of the bucket.
The rack 76, also drives the sprocket wheel 49, a pinion 49b, being mounted upon
the shaft of the sprocket wheel so as to mesh with the rack.
The air drills 39, 41, (Figure 1) are actuated by a belt 78, running from the
cone pulley 82, mounted on the shaft of the pinions 53, 53, (Figure 13) this belt
being turned over sheaves 78, carried by the wall 23, and passed through an
aperture in said wall so as to drive a pulley 43", mounted upon the spindle 43, of
the air drills. This pulley 43*, is hid from view by the representation of the rock
separating the shaft 8, from the level 11, and indicated at 8, in Figure 1.
At 79, is shown a belt leading from a pulley 79, behind the wall 23, to a
drum 79, (Figure 4) representing the drum for operating the elevator cage 21, in
actual practice. This drum performs no function in connection with the other
parts of the exhibit except to drive the piston rod 79°, which is eonnected to the
shaft of the drum by a crank, and with the cylinder 79%, into which it plays,
representing the engine for running the elevator cage.
The rope way 6, for conveying buckets of ore down the mountain side to the
stamp mill 7, consists of an endless cable running upon sheaves 6ª, 6b, 6, 6ª,
supported upon scaffolding 6º, 6º, 6º, and supporting buckets 6, 6, 6, (Figures 1
and 2). The rope way 6 is driven by a belt 80, (Figures 2 and 33) running from a
pulley 80, behind the wall 23, to a pulley 80%, within the scaffolding 6º, and being
turned over sheaves 80, 80°. The stamp mill 7, is shown (Figures 2 and 27) as
containing batteries of stamps (7*) operated by a belt 81, leading from the cone
pulley 82.
The belt 81, drives a representation of a water wheel 7%, mounted in the frame
of the stamp mill 7, and which turns the cam shaft actuating the pestles of the
batteries 7. The mechanism of the stamp mill being the same, in miniature, as
that used in actual practice it is not shown in detail except as in Figure 27.
A bucket 83, (Figures 1 and 20) is carried up and down in the whim shaft 13,
by means of a rope 83", turned over a sheave 83°, hung from the crotch of the
tripod 830, and carried under a sheave 83b, at the top of the shaft and wound upon
a drum 84, carried by a sleeve 84, mounted upon the vertical spindle 85, for which
it furnishes a journal bearing. The sleeve 84", is journalled in plates 86, 86",
secured to portions of the frame 50, and has no vertical movement. This sleeve
also carries a drum 87, upon which is wound a rope 87*, leading from the slide
bar 57, so that the reciprocation of this bar unwinds the rope from the drum,
thereby drawing up the bucket by winding the rope 83, upon its drum. The
relative sizes of the drums 84 and 87, are such that the bucket is raised out of the
shait by a part only of the movement of bar 57, so that after it has been lowered
to the bottom of the shaft and the rotary motion of the drum ceases the rope 87*,
slackens and remains loose until the bar 57, has reached the same point on its

page_text: .
return stroke. While the rope is thus slackened the bucket is, of course, at the
bottom of the shaft and the man 88, is supposed to fill it with a shovel.
The whim is represented as being operated by horse power, and the horse 89, is
represented as moving only while the bucket is coming up, and as standing still
while it is being lowered and filled. This action is secured in the following
manner: The horse is attached to a crank beam 89, which is secured to the
head 89, of the spindle 85. This spindle has some vertical play so that the
head 89b, may rest upon the upper end of the sleeve 84", or it may be raised above
it. The contact surfaces of the head 89b, and the sleeve 84, are armed with
friction plates 89°, 84, pieces of sand paper being used for that purpose.
When'
these plates are in contact as shown in Figure 22, the rotation of the sleeve 84*,
causes the horse to revolve. The foot piece 84°, of the spindle 85, rests upon a
slide bar 90, located parallel with and directly above the slide bar 57, which is
supported at one end by a guide loop 90°, attached to the frame 50, and at the
other end by a hanger 86b, formed by extending the plate 86. A rod 91, is
attached to the upper edge of the bar 90, and has an offset Dear its point of
attachment so as to raise it from the bar, the rod, however, extending parallel with
the bar from this offset. A cam is thus formed whereby the spindle 85, may be
raised. This bar 90, is provided with stops, formed by attaching the loop 90%, to
its side. A lateral finger 57, projects upwardly from the bur 57, through the
loop 90, within which it freely moves as the bar 57 travels. The length of the
loop 90°, is such that the finger 57", reaches one of its ends just before the bar 57,
reaches the limit of its movement in either direction. As the bar 57 approaches
the spindle 85, it moves the cam 91, from under it so that the spindle falls and its
friction plate comes in contact with that at the top of the sleeve 84. The horse 89,
is now so connected with the mechanism for elevating the bucket 83, that as the
rope 87, is drawn taut and unwound from the drum 87, by the return movement
of the bar 57, it is caused to revolve about the spindle.
Just before the bucket reaches the top of the shaft the finger 57*, reaches the
end of the loop 90%, and the cam 91, is drawn under the spindle 85, raising it and
stopping the horse which remains disconnected from the bucket elevating mechanism
until the bar 57, again approaches the opposite limit of its movement when the cam 91,
is moved from under the spindle 85, as before and the operation is repeated.
. A bucket 92, (Figures 1 and 28) is operated in the winze 12, by means of a
cord 92, running over and around a windlass 93, at the top of the winze and
leading through an aperture in the wall 23, to the upper end of the lever 77, to
which it is attached (Figures 2, 7). The movement of the lever raises the bucket
and allows it to fall. Two men 94, 94, are shown as appearing to operate the
windlass 93, by its handles. These men are jointed at the hips and shoulders
(Figure 29), so that the rotation of the windlass by the action of the cord 92*,
causes them to move in simulation of the action of men in turning a crank. The
bucket 92, is at rest both at the top and bottom of the winze as the crank pin to
which the pitman 65 is attached is passing the centres, thus representing the delay
incident to the emptying and filling of the bucket.
Figures of men appear at various places on the front of the wall 23, and in
connection with the shaft houses 3, 4. Most of these figures are jointed and
connected with the mechanism behind the wall 23, in such manner as to represent
the various occupations of miners.
At 75, 75, are represented men for pushing the cars 18, to and from the shaft 8,
in the level 10; at 102, 102, are represented men for pushing these cars to and
from the shafts 8, at the surface, these cars going in one direction to the ore
bin 5, and in the other to a refuse dump 5%. At 18%, is represented a
co-operating with the car 18, in the level 11. The men 18, and 102, are mounted
and operated the same as the men 75, already described.
man
At 3, is a fixed figure of a man, in shaft house 3, shown as a blacksmith and
at 4, is a fixed figure of a fireman seeming to be at work about the furnace in the
shaft house 4.

page_text: At 103, 103, 103, (Figures 1 and 3) are shown men using shovels in connection
with the chutes 17; at 92, a man shovelling in connection with the bucket 92,
at 104, 104, 104, 104°, 1044, are represented men working with drills in overhead
stoping; at 106 is shown a party of men represented as in the act of examining
samples of rock.
At 105, 105, are shown men engaged in using picks. Various other figures are
represented in different parts of the mine, engaged in the same occupations as those
already enumerated, but are not shown or described in detail.
In Figure 1 are shown representations of trees, mountains and a cabin. In the
exhibit these are merely painted upon canvas hung back of the mechanical
portions, and form simply an ornamental part of the device.
The shovelling pick drill, and windlass men are jointed as shown in Figure 29,
and are each (with the exception of the windlass men 94) attached to a spindle,
as 107, (Figures 30, 31), which passes through and is journalled in the wall 23.
This spindle passes through the body of the figure at the shoulders, and is bent
laterally to form one of the arms, and terminates at the handle of the tool. The
other arm is formed by running a piece of wire from the spindle to the tool at the
opposite side of the body. In the case of the men using shovels 103, 103, 103º,
the spindle is bent to form a crank arm after passing through the wall and before
entering the body of the figure, that portion which passes through the figure being
in fact the crank pin, so that the rotation of the spindle causes flexure of the body
it the hips.
These spindles 107, have at their inner ends, behind the wall 23, crank arms 108,
which are linked by the rods 110, to bell-cranks 109 (Figures 23, 24), which are
pivotally attached at their angles to the wall 23, and in some instances to slide
bars 111, carried in guide loops 111, (Figures 25, 26) attached to the wall 23,
and having lateral arms 111. The free ends of the bell-cranks 109, and the
lateral arms 111, of the bars 111, are adapted to be engaged and depressed by
cams 112, 113, respectively, carried by and rotating with the shafts 96, 97, 98, 99,
100, 101.
Springs, as 114, connect the crank arms 108, with the wall 23, in such
manner as to resist the action of the canis 112, 113. The cams 112, co-operate
with the figures representing shovellers whose motions are comparatively slow and
regular. The cam is therefore so formed as to gradually depress the bell-
crank 109, and as gradually release it. The depression of the bell-crank causes
the figure to execute the movement of raising the shovel. The raising of the bell-
crank by the action of the spring 114, simulates the action of lowering the shovel.
The interval between two engagements of the cam with the bell-crank represents
the time occupied in filling the shovel. The form of the cam is such that the
bell-crank is not immediately released from depression, the figure remaining at
rest long enough to represent the time consumed in emptying the shovel.
The bar 111, and cam 113, co-operate with figures representing the men 104, etc.,
engaged in hand drilling. These men strike short blows in rapid successiou.
The action is slow as the hanımer is drawn back and quick as the blow is struck.
The cam is made with three arms that the action may be more rapid than that
of the shovellers who are actuated from the same shaft. The arms of the
cam 113, are substantially of the same form as that of the cam 112, but directed
oppositely. Bearing down upon the lateral arms of the bar-111, by their curved
surfaces they depress it gradually, leaving it abruptly as their ends-pass it the
springs cause a quick return to the normal position.
At 88, is shown a man filling a bucket in the whim shaft 13, with a shovel.
This man is in action only when the bucket is at the bottom of the shaft. The
crank for actuating him is shown at 88, (Figure 2) and is linked to a bell-
crank 88b which in turn is linked to a bell-crank 88°, one arm of which is normally
held to a rotating cam 884, by the action of a spring 88. The form of the
cam 88, is the same as that of the cam 112, shown in Figure 24, and already
described, the bell-crank 88°, being slowly depressed and released. The
suspension of work by this figure is accomplished by fixing a button 95, upon the
U

page_text: link connecting the bell-cranks 88%, and 88° and locating a spring actuated
lever 95, so that it will bear down upon the button and force the bell-
crank 88°, away from contact with the cam 88°. This lever 95, is pivoted at one
end to the wall 23, and the spring 95b, which controls it, is of greater tension than
the spring 88, which tends to hold the bell-crank 88°, to the cam. A connecting
rod 95, leads from the lever 95, to one arm of a bell-crank 95. which is pivoted
to the wall 23, in such position that its other arm is in the path of the slide bar 57,
and adapted to be struck by its end and forced back as the bar reaches the last
part of its travel, and held back until the bar again recedes. This action of the
bell-crank 95, lifts the lever 95", from the button 95, and allows the bell-crank 88°,
to come into play with the cam 88°.
As already described when the bar 57, is in that part of its travel the bucket is
at the bottom of the shaft. The adjustment of the parts is such that the bell-
crank 95d, released from contact with the bar 57, before the rope 87, is drawn
taut so as to commence to elevate the bucket, giving the man time to signal for
the bucket to be hoisted.
The hand-drill men 104, etc., use their arms independently. The action of the
hammer arm has already been described. The other arm is jointed at the elbow
and is secured to the drill which seems to enter a hole in the rock but which is in
fact a thrust rod 115, passing through the wall, 23, and pivotally secured to one
arm of a bell-crank 116, pivoted at the back of the wall 23, and co-operating with
a cam similar to the cam 113, and having a spring for resisting the cam. The
motion communicated to the drill 115, and arm holding it simulates the action of
the operator in slightly withdrawing the drill to turn it between the blows of
the hammer. The action of the two arms is so timed that they move alternately.
I have not endeavoured to represent minutely the construction of each figure
and its particular operating mechanism, for the reason that these figures may be
varied in number and position as desired.
The shafts 96, to 101, are driven from a main shaft 117, journalled in the
frame 50, and driven by a belt 118, leading from the cone pulley 82.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
laim is:-
In a scenic apparatus showing a gold or silver mine the combination with a wall
representing a vertical section of a nine through its shafts, levels and other
passages, and a portion of the surface above the mine, of mechanical representations
of miners and mining appliances, located in appropriate places within such
passages and upon the surface, and mechanism located upon the opposite side of
the wall for communicating to such representations of miners and mining appliances
movements in simulation of the action, in practice of the part represented, sub-
atantially as described and for the purpose specified..
Dated this 11th day of September 1894
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.