IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING, DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING OILS AND FATS OF THE ANIMAL, VEGETABLE AND MINERAL KINGDOMS; FOR DEODORIZING PURIFYING AND REFINING FATTY AND OILY SUBSTANCES FOR REDUCING AND SEPARATING OILS AND FATS INTO THEIR CONSTITUENT PARTS OR PRINCIPLES OF OLEINE, GLYCERINE AND STEARINE; FOR RESTORING STALE, RANCID TAINTED OR STRONGLY FLAVORED. FATS AND OILS TO A CONDITION OF SWEETNESS; AND FOR ANDING FOR THETURE OF FROMK ANDM AND ALSO FOR THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN
Year: 1883

page_text: "
ETTERS PATENT to Anson Coleman Tichenor, of the county of Alameda,
in the State of California, one of the United States of America, Minerolgist,
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING, DEODORIZING AND
PURIFYING OILS AND FATS OF THE ANIMAL, VEGETABLE AND MINERAL
KINGDOMS; FOR DEODORIZING PURIFYING AND REFINING FATTY AND OILY
SUBSTANCES FOR REDUCING AND SEPARATING OILS AND FATS INTO THEIR
CONSTITUENT PARTS OR PRINCIPLES OF OLEINE, GLYCERINE AND STEARINE;
FOR RESTORING STALE, RANCID TAINTED OR STRONGLY FLAVORED. FATS AND
OILS TO A CONDITION OF SWEETNESS; AND ALSO FOR MAKING BUTTER AND
PRODUCING CURDS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE FROM MILK AND CREAM
AND ALSO FOR THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anson Coleman Tichenor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1883.
ANSON COLEMAN TICHENOR, of the county of Alameda, in the State of California,
one of the United States of America, Minerolgist, IMPROVEMENTS IN "REFINING,
DEODERIZING AND PURIFYING OILS AND FATS OF THE ANIMAL, VEGETABLE AND
MINERAL KINGDOMS; FOR DEODERIZING PURIFYING AND REFINING FATTY AND
OILY SUBSTANCES; FOR REDUCING AND SEPARATING OILS AND FATS INTO THEIR
CONSTITUENT PARTS OR PRINCIPLES OF OLEINE, GLYCERINE AND STEARINE; FOR
RESTORING STALE, RANCID, TAINTED OR STRONGLY FLAVORED FATS AND OILS TO
A CONDITION OF SWEETNESS; AND ALSO FOR MAKING BUTTER AND PRODUCING
CURDS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE FROM MILK AND CREAM AND ALSO FOR
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN
"
"
T
}
My invention relates to improvements in deoderizing purifying and refining oils
and fats of the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms; in deoderizing purifying.

page_text: and refining fatty and oily substances; in reducing and separating oils and fats
into their constituent parts elements or principles of oleine, glycerine and stearine;
in restoring stale, rancid, tainted or strongly flavored fats and oils to a condition of
sweetness; and also in making butter, and producing curds for the manufacture of
cheese from milk and cream; also in the machinery or apparatus used therein.
The first part of my invention consists in applying electricity or electric currents
directly to and through a body of fat, oil, fatty or oily substances, by or through
the medium or agency of an electric generator, conductors, and poles or electrodes,
and a saline solution or liquid which is a better conductor of electricity than the
substance being treated, the said substance being placed at a normal temperature
in an insulated vessel containing the said liquid and having the poles or electrodes
inserted into and so that their active surfaces are practically immersed in the
liquid.
Fats, oils, fatty and oily substances to be treated are subjected in this manner to
the direct action of the electric current for a sufficient length of time to remove all
strong bad or objectionable odors, to bring them to a condition of purity, to
precipitate the solid matter or principles, or to separate the oleine, glycerine, and
stearine; or to reduce the solid fatty matter and extract the oil; the length of
which exposure and treatment is according to any of these desired effects or results
to be obtained, and is governed by the nature or character of the particular oil, fat
or substance under treatment.
The second part or feature of my invention consists in applying electricity or
electric current directly into a body of cream, or milk and cream, contained in an
insulated vessel, through the medium or agency of an electric generator and poles or
electrodes which are immersed into or have their active surfaces covered by the before
described milk or cream; the application exposure and treatment thereof to and by
the electric current being continued until the butter globules are separated and
gathered from the fluid portion; the conversion and manufacture thereof into butter
is then completed by subjecting the product to a gathering or collecting operation
in a churn or a suitable apparatus after the manner now practised in kneading,
manipulating and otherwise treating the product after the churning operation is
completed.
The third part or feature of my invention consists in applying electricity or the
electric current to rancid, stale, or strong butter, to lard or animal fats and fatty
substances that require to be sweetened refined or purified by or through the medium
or agency of a body of liquid such as milk or water contained in an insulated vessel
and at normal temperature, into which the poles or electrodes of conductors leading
from an electric generator are introduced, so that the active surfaces of the electrodes
are practically covered
The fat or substance to be treated is placed in or upon this liquid where it is
subjected to the action of the electric current until by inspection of the substance
or matter it is found to have obtained or to have been restored to a condition of
sweetness, to be free from objectionable odor, or to have been brought to a condition
of purity, or the desired refined condition is obtained.
•
The machinery or apparatus which I use for the purpose of my invention
consists of an insulated tub tank or vessel provided with a draw off cock at the
bottom, an electric generator known as a Dynamo-electric machine, wires or con-
ductors leading from the generator to the vessel, and poles, plates or electrodes,
connected with the said conductors.
I place in the vessel a body of water, milk or cream, weak brine, or a solution of
salt and water; the character or kind of this body of liquid being changed according
to the particular kind of substance or matter to be operated upon.
In making butter this liquid will be a body of cream or a mixture of milk and
cream, and the electrodes will be immersed in it.
In producing curds the liquid will be a body of milk.
In restoring rancid butter or sweetening strong batter this liquid may be a body

page_text: of milk or water or a mixture of milk and water, into which the butter will be
placed in broken masses or portions and the electrodes will be immersed in it
In treating lard to sweeten or remove rancidity or to refine and remove strong
odors, or to bring it to a condition of whiteness or purity, this liquid may be a body
of milk or a mixture of milk and water.
In trying out or reducing solid fats or fatty substances; in purifying and refining
oils; in extracting oils from solids; in decomposing and separating oils and fats into
their constituent parts of oleine, glycerine and stearine and in deoderizing oils, this
liquid, will be a weak brine or a solution of salt and water.
In refining mineral oils such as crude petroleum the oil will be placed in the vessel
and the electrodes immersed and applied directly to it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Anson Coleman Tichenor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st October 1883.
:
ANSON COLEMAN TICHENOR, of the County of Alameda, in the State of California,
one of the United States of America, Minerologist, "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING
DEODERIZING AND PURIFYING OILS AND FATS OF THE ANIMAL VEGETABLE AND
MINERAL KINGDOMS, FOR DEODERIZING PURIFYING AND REFINING FATTY AND
OILY SUBSTANCES, FOR REDUCING AND SEPARATING OILS AND FATS INTO THEIR
CONSTITUENT PARTS OR PRINCIPLES OF OLEINE GLYCERINE AND STEARINE, FOR
RESTORING STALE RANCID TAINTED OR STRONGLY FLAVORED FATS AND OILS TO
▲ CONDITION OF SWEETNESS, AND ALSO FOR MAKING BUTTER AND PRODUCING
CURDS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE FROM MILK AND CREAM, AND ALSO FOR
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THEREIN."
My invention relates to improvements in deoderizing, purifying and refining
oils and fats of the animal vegetable and mineral kingdoms; in deoderizing
purifying and refining fatty and oily substances, in reducing and separating oils
and fats and their constituent parts elements or principles of oleine, glycerine and
stearine; in restoring stale and rancid tainted or strongly flavored fats and oils to
a condition of sweetness; and also in making butter, and producing curds for the
manufacture of cheese from milk and cream; also in the machinery or apparatus
used therein.
The first part of my Invention consists in applying electricity or electric currents
directly to and through a body of fat, oil, fatty or oily substances by or through
the agency of an electric generator conductors and poles or electrodes and a saline
solution or liquid which is a better conductor of electricity than the substance
being treated, the said substance being placed at a normal temperature in an
insulated vessel containing the said liquid and having the poles or electrodes
inserted into and so that their active surfaces are practically immersed in the
liquid.
Fats oils fatty and oily substances to be treated are subjected in this manner to
the direct action of the electric current for a sufficient length of time to remove all
strong bad or objectionable odors, to bring them to a condition of purity, to
precipitate the solid matter or principles, or to separate the oleine, glycerine and
stearine, or to reduce the solid fatty matter and extract the oil, the length of which
exposure and treatment is according to any of these desired effects or results to be
attained and is governed by the nature or character of the particular oil fat or
substance under treatment.
The second part or feature of my Invention consists in applying electricity or
electric currents directly into a body of cream, or milk and cream, contained in an
insulated vessel, through the medium or agency of an electric generator and poles
or electrodes which are immersed into, or have their active surfaces covered, by
the before described liquid; the application exposure and treatment thereof to and
with the electric current being continued until the butter globules are separated
and gathered from the fluid portion; the conversion and manufacture thereof into
butter is then completed by subjecting the product to a gathering or collecting
operation in a churn, or a suitable apparatus, after the manner now practised in
kneading manipulating and otherwise treating the granules of butter after the
churuing operation is completed.
The third part or feature of my Invention consists in applying electricity or the
electric current to rancid stale or strong butter, to dlard or animal fats and fatty
substances that require to be sweetened refined. or purified by or through the
medium or agency of a body of liquid, such as milk or water contained in an

page_text: Insulated vessel and at normal temperature, into which the poles or electrodes of
conductors leading from an electric generator are introduced so that the active.
surfaces of the electrodes are practically covered.
The fat or substance to be treated is placed in or upon this liquid, where it is
subjected to the action of the electric current until by inspection of the substance
or matter it is found to have obtained, or to have been restored to, a condition of
sweetness, to be free from objectionable odor or to have been brought to a condition
of purity.
In the accompanying drawings herein referred to:-
A represents an insulated tub tank or vessel provided with a draw off cock a at
the bottom.
B, is an electric generator known as a Dynamo-Electric machine.
C, C¹ are the wires or conductors leading from the generator to the vessel.
:
D, D¹ are the plates poles or electrodes of carbon or platinum connected with the
conductors, and
E is a body of water milk or cream weak brine or a solution of salt and water,
the character or kind of this body of liquid. being changed according to the
particular kind of substance or matter to be operated upon
.
In making butter this liquid will be a body of cream or a mixture of milk and
cream and the electrodes will be immersed in it.
In producing curds the liquid will be a body of milk.
In restoring rancid butter or sweetening strong butter this liquid may be a
body of milk or water or a mixture of milk and water into which the butter will
be placed in broken masses or portions and the electrodes will be immersed. in it.
In treating lard to sweeten or remove rancidity, or to refine and remove strong
odors, or to bring it to a condition of whiteness or purity, this liquid may be a
body of milk or a mixture of milk and water.
In trying out or reducing solid fats and fatty substances, in purifying and
refining oils, in extracting oils from solids, in decomposing and separating oils and
fats into their constituent parts of oleine, glycerine and stearine, in deoderizing
oils and saponifying oils and fats and fatty substances for the manufacture of soap,
this liquid will be a weak brine or a solution of salt and water.
In refining mineral oils such as crude petroleum the oil will be placed in the
vessel and the electrodes immersed and applied directly into it.
I can proceed in several ways to carry out and practise my improved method or
process of treating fats and oils and fatty and oily substances as hereinbefore
described, but the following is the mode that I have successfully employed in
treating such matters and solutions.
I provide a tank A, of any convenient size, properly insulated from surrounding
bodies, and I fill it about one third full of weak brine, or a solution of salt and
water. I place in the vessel the poles D D¹ of conductors leading from a Dynamo-
Electric Machine of about 40 cells "Daniells" battery in power. The best results,
are obtained by having the active surfaces of the poles immersed into the liquid
for nearly the full depth of the liquid.
In treating a body of fat, say about 500 lbs weight, the current should be
applied and continued for about 24 hours more or less, or until from examination
the matter is found to be properly purified or reduced or separated or otherwise
properly acted upon and brought to the required condition. When this is
accomplished the solid matter collecting in the top of the liquid is removed.
To produce butter, I place a quantity of cream in the insulated vessel A, and
then immerse the poles D D' and apply the current of electricity and continue it
until the required coagulation or separation of the solid matter from the fluid is
indicated.
With a vessel of ten gallons capacity I have applied a current of electricity for
the space of from three to five minutes, but this will vary with the size of the
vessel and the intensity of the current employed.
C

page_text: .
At the end of the operation the solid matter will collect by itself at the top of
the vessel, while the residuum in the form of a thin fluid will remain at the bottom.
The product is then to be treated in a churn or like receptacle to obtain proper
solidity and a homogeneous condition.
:
The operation is similar to the working and treating of butter after churning.
In producing curds for the manufacture of cheese. I place a quantity of milk in
the vessel and subject it in the same manner to the electric current, and then
remove the curds for subsequent treatment and operation.
In curing rancid butter or restoring it to a condition of sweetness. place a
quantity of the substance in the vessel A, in which a body of water or milk has
been previously placed, and then, immersing the poles, I apply the current for
about thirty minutes more or less, or until the butter is found to have lost its
rancid, condition.
In treating lard I proceed in the same manner using milk as the medium or
agent for applying the electric current and taking up the rancid qualities and
impurities.
În treating fats and oils for the manufacture of soap by means of my Invention,
I place the matter in the vessel A and apply the current through the medium of
the liquid as herein-before described.
When saponification is obtained I add to the matter in the vessel a sufficient
quantity of alkali, after the ordinary process of making soap, and then continue
the electric current through the medium of the conductors and immersed poles
until the required temperature is obtained and the combination of the substances is
effected.
In this manner I make soap of common grease for general kitchen laundry and
household purposes
To produce finer grades of soap for toilet purposes, I prefer to carry on the
boiling or fluid operation in a separate vessel from that in which I effect
saponification, and for this latter part of the process I employ a double vessel
consisting of an inner and an outer vessel or wall, between which a body of
liquid can be confined-This liquid is the medium through which the electric
current is applied and it contains the electrodes, the inner vessel then surrounded
by the electrified liquid will receive the saponified matter obtained from the first
part of the process in the first described vessel, and the alkali will be introduced
into and will be combined with the matter by the high temperature obtained
and applied from and through the electrified liquid surrounding the inner vessel.
By means of my improved invention I am enabled to decompose and saponify
many fats and oils not heretofore available as soap making material by reason
of their strong disagreable or rancid odors and flavors-It likewise dispenses with
expensive digesting apparatus, boilers and furnaces and greatly reduces the time
and labor required to make soap by the usual well known methods.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is or may be performed
I Claim as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited letters Patent :-
1° The use and application of the electric current in and through the medium
of a body of liquid, for treating fats and oils, fatty and oily substances, to
deoderize purify reduce or to bring them to an odorless or a comparatively
odorless condition, substantially as described.
2° The application and use of a current of electricity to separate collect extract
or coagulate the solid matter or particles in cream and milk for the manu-
facture of butter and cheese.
3° In the treatment of oils fats fatty and oily substances to purify and deoderize
them to separate them into their constituent parts, to bring them to a
condition of sweetness or to remove strong odors and flavors, the application
and use of a current of electricity directly applied to the said matters or
substances through the medium of a body of liquid, as milk or water or a

page_text: saline solution and immersed electrodes connected with an electric generator,
substantially as described.
The herein described method or process of treating rancid butter lard oils and
fats, oily and fatty substances, to restore them to a useful and marketable
condition, which consists in applying to said matters or substances while
contained or immersed in a body of liquid, as water or milk or a solution of
salt in water, a current of electricity, substantially as described.
50 The herein described method or process of treating cream and milk for the
production of butter and cheese, consisting in subjecting cream or milk to the
action of a current of electricity of sufficient strength or intensity to separate,
extract or coagulate the solid matter from the body of fluid, and then treating
the solid product by any of the known methods for the production of butter
and cheese.
The herein described method of producing butter or making cheese, which
consists in first extracting the solid or coagulable matter or particles from the
cream or milk by the application of the electric current, and then separating
the product thus obtained from the watery or fluid residuum and subjecting
the solid matter to the action of a subsequent churning or kneading and
pressing operation, substantially as described.
In Witness whereof I the said Anson Coleman Tichenor have hereunto set my
d and seal this Twentieth day of September in the year of our Lord one
usand eight hundred and Eighty three
ANSON. COLEMAN TICHENOR
(L.B.