Improvements in Ball Bearings for Spindles and Shafts.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 17th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 18th Nov,
1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ball Bearings for Spindles and Shafts.
I, WILLIAM HILLMAN, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Managing
Director of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows -
The invention has for its object an improved construction and arrangement of
parts of ball bearings for spindles and shafts whereby solidity, facility of adjustment
and durability are obtained combined with cheapness of construction.
I will describe my invention as applied to the bearings of a lathe headstock.
I use two rows of balls and 1 mount them between bearing surfaces formed and
fitted in the following manner.
I bore a cylindrical aperture in the headstock standard or pillar, which aperture
commences at the outer face of the standard and ends a short distance from the
inner face thereof, where a shallow annular stop or shoulder is made; within this
cylindrical aperture I place a closely fitting bearing ring of the section of a
truncated cone, the apex of which is towards the spindle or shaft, thereby forming
two inclined bearing surfaces against which the two rows of balls run.
On that end of the spindle or shaft which is to run within the bearing, is fixed a
steel bearing collar or sleeve, the inner end of which is externally screw threaded
whilst the outer end thereof has formed thereon a bearing flange or collar. Over
the inner end of the steel bearing collar or sleeve is passed a loose bearing ring,
which closely fits the cylindrical bearing portion thereof, and over the screw
threaded portion of said collar or sleeve are screwed an adjusting nut and a lock
nut.
On each face of the headstock standard or pillar is fixed an enclosing collar
or ring, through the aperture in which the fixed and loose bearing collars freely
pass. The upper end of the standard is provided with an oil hole, which, by means
of a cross groove in the cylindrical aperture, delivers the oil over each edge of the
doubly inclined bearing ring to each row of balls.
The bearing balls are placed between the inclined faces of the bearing ring and
the fixed and loose bearing collars, and they work against such parts and against
the bearing surface of the steel collar or sleeve, the loose bearing collar being
The steel
adjusted by one nut, which latter is fixed in position by the lock nut.
collar or sleeve passes freely through and clear of the doubly inclined bearing ring
so as to revolve free thereof.
In some cases it may be desirable to employ three rows of balls; in this case I
make the bearing standard or pillar thicker, and I insert in the cylindrical aperture
therein two bearing rings of a similar character to that above described, and
between and at the ends of such bearing rings the balls are placed.
The bearings at each end of the shaft or spindle may be constructed similarly to
the above with the exception that the back or rear bearing has the double inclined
bearing ring made to fit closely in its aperture in the standard or pillar with
capability of endway motion therein.
If desired the back or rear standard or pillar may be fitted with a ball bearing
of other construction than that above described.
It will be evident that my invention is equally applicable to other descriptions of
shafts or spindles.
Dated this 25th day of January 1893.
W HILLMAN.

page_text: .
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ball Bearings for Spindles and Shafts.
I, WILLIAM HILLMAN, of Stoke Green, Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Managing Director of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention has for its object an improved construction and arrangement of
parts of ball bearings for spindles and shafts whereby solidity, facility of adjustment
and durability are obtained combined with cheapness of construction, the said ball
bearings being self-contained, capable of being handled as an article of commerce
with the bearing balls in position therein and capable of adjustment for as many
rows of balls as are required by one pair of lock nuts only.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 2 is an end view of a lathe headstock
showing my invention applied to the standard or pillar A, whilst a ball bearing of a
construction hitherto in use is shown applied to the standard or pillar B.
Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation and Fig. 4 is an end or face view of a
standard or pillar fitted with my improved bearings suitable for general machine
purposes:
I will first describe the arrangement represented at Figs. 1 and 2 as applied to
the standard or pillar A.
bare two rows of balls which are mounted between bearing surfaces formed
and fitted in the following manner.
I bore a cylindrical aperture a in the headstock standard or pillar A, which
aperture commences at the outer face of the said standard and ends a short
distance from the inner face thereof, where a shallow annular stop or shoulder «*
is made.
Within this cylindrical aperture I place a closely fitting bearing ring c of the
section of a truncated cone, the apex of which is towards the spindle or shaft d,
thereby forming two inclined bearing surfaces against which the two rows of
balls run.
On that part of the spindle or shaft d which is to run within the bearing in the
standard or pillar A, is fixed a steel bearing collar or sleeve e the inner end e¹ of
which is externally screw threaded, whilst its outer end has formed thereon a
bearing flange or collar e².
Over the inner end of the steel bearing collar or sleeve is passed a loose bearing
ring which closely fits the cylindrical bearing portion thereof, and over the screw
threaded portion e' of said collar or sleeve are screwed an adjusting nut 9 and a
lock nut gl.
On the faces of the headstock standard or pillar A are fixed enclosing collars
or rings h h through the apertures in which the fixed and loose bearing collars e³ƒ
freely pass.
The upper end of the standard A is provided with an oil hole a', which, by
means of a cross groove a³ in the cylindrical aperture a, delivers the oil over each
edge of the doubly inclined bearing ring c to each row of balls.
The bearing balls b are placed between the inclined faces of the bearing ring c
and the fixed and loose bearing collars e² and f and they work against such parts
and against the cylindrical bearing surface of the steel collar or sleeve e, the loose
bearing collar being adjusted by the nut g, which latter is securely fixed in
position by the lock nut g'.
The steel collar or sleeve e passes freely through and clear of the doubly
inclined bearing ring c so as to revolve free thereof.
In bearings required to sustain heavy weights I employ three (or it may be
more) rows of balls bas illustrated at Figs. 3 and 4,

page_text: In this case I make the bearing standard or pillar A thicker than that shown
at Figs. 1, 2, I bore the cylindrical aperture a completely through the same and
I insert in said cylindrical aperture two (or it may be more) bearing rings c of a
similar character to that above described and between and at the ends of such
bearing rings c, the balls are placed; I also dispense with the enclosing collar
or ring and so proportion the parts that the loose collar shall partially enter
the aperture a in the standard A. The cross groove a' is also made long enough
to extend beyond the outer edges of the bearing rings c so that all the sets of
balls b may be supplied with oil. In the bearing shown at Figs. 3 and 4 the cap
is divided from the body of the bearing on one side thereby forming jaws A¹ A³
which are provided with projections the lower one of which has fixed therein a
screw stud A³ which latter passes freely through a hole in the upper projection and
has on its upper end two nuts A* A*.
By these means, after the various parts of the bearing have been properly
adjusted, the bearing rings c c can he firmly fixed in position by forcing the
jaws A' A' towards each other by means of the screw A' and nuts A A'.
If desired the back or rear standard or pillar B may be fitted with a ball
bearing of other construction than that above described.
When two or more bearings of the form shown at Figs. 3 and 4 are applied to
the same shaft, either bearing is capable of perfect adjustment quite independently
of the others and without affecting the shaft in any way.
If desired the bearing shown in standard A, Figs. 1 and 2, may have the
aperture a bored completely through the standard and the latter may have its cap
divided on one side and be provided with a screw stud and lock nuts to clamp the
bearing ring c in similar manner to the bearing shown at Figs. 3 and 4.
I would here remark that I lay no claim to the use of bearing balls and adjust-
able bearing surfaces generally considered, as various forms of such class of
bearings are in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A self-contained ball bearing capable of adjustment for as many rows of balls
as are required by means of a single pair of lock nuts, substantially as herein
shown and described.
2. In ball bearings for spindles or shafts, the combination of a steel bearing
sleeve to be fixed on the shaft or spindle, a bearing collar or flange formed at
one end of the sleeve, a screw thread at the other end of the sleeve, one or more
double inclined bearing rings to be fixed in the standard and surrounding without
touching the sleeve, a loose bearing ring fitting the cylindrical part of the sleeve,
rows of balls arranged between the inclined bearing surfaces, the fixed bearing
collar or flange, and the loose bearing ring, and an adjusting nut and a lock nut
on the threaded part of the bearing sleeve, substantially as herein shown and
described.
Dated this 18th day of October 1902,
W. HILLMAN,
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.