Year: 1886

page_text: I EDWARD CHARLES FREDERICK OTTO of 7 York Grove Peckham in the County of
Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An improved method of securing India-rubber or other suitable tyres in wheel rims
especially adapted for Velocipedes and other light vehicles whereby the liability to
become loose is obviated. I insert through the centre of the tyre throughout the
whole length a steel or other wires in the form of an elongated Spiral Spring or simply
corrugated as my l'atented Elastic Spokes-1 prefer to connect the ends of this wire
(after forcing upon it as great a length of tyre as possible) by twisting the last two
or more inches in such manner that the corrugations are locked at right angles.
Owing to this locking it is quite impossible for the ends to part or to become relaxed
whilst the spring of the wire allows sufficient elasticity for the tyre to be forced over.
the flange into the groove of the rim and firmly holds it there-The grip may be more
or less increased by the strength of the spring or the size of the corrugation of the.
wire-The corrugated wire is sufficient to hold the tyre securely in the rim
but a coating of cement in the groove is desirable to prevent wet and dirt from
getting between the rim and the tyre. The wire might if desired be inserted during
the process of manufacturing the tyre and it would also be possible to join the ends
by other means such as books or screws. The rubber being compressed instead of
being stretched as in the ordinary method of fixing will not be so readily cut when on
the road.
:

page_text: Improved Method of Securing Elastic Tyres in Wheel Rims.
I, EDWARD CHARLES FREDERICK OTTO of 7 York Grove, Peckham, in the county
of Surrey Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My improved method of securing india rubber or other similar tyres in or to wheel
rims is especially adapted for velocipedes and other light vehicles, while at the same
time my improved method of fastening such tyres is effective, inexpensive, and easy
of application, and obviates the liability of such tyres becoming loose.
According to my invention 1 insert through an aperture formed in the centre of a
length of tyre and throughout its whole length a steel or other wire corrugated as in
my elastic spokes for which Letters Patent were granted to me dated 17 November
1883-No. 5433.
. I connect the ends of this wiro (after forcing upon it a length of tyre) by twisting
and interlocking said ends (preferably at least two or more inches of same) in such
manner that the corrugations are locked at right angles.
By means of this locking it is quite impossible for the ends to part or to become
relaxed, whilst the spring of the wire allows sufficient elasticity for the tyre to be
forced over the flange into the groove of the rim, and firmly holds it therein. The
grip may be varied by the strength or size of the corrugations of the wire.
The corrugated wire is sufficient to hold the tyre securely in the rim, but à coating]
of cement in the groove is advantageous to prevent wet and dirt getting between the
rim and the tyre.
According to my invention the rubber may be, and preferably is, compressed
instead of being stretched as in the ordinary method of fixing, consequently if cut or
injured on the road it closes up and returns to its normal state.
The accompanying drawings fully illustrate the manner in which I prefer to carry
niy invention into effect.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a piece of india rubber tyre shewing in front
elevation the two ends X Y of the elongated spring wire united or connected
together in the manner before described; Figure 2 is a sectional view in a plane at
right angles to Fig. 1 of a similar piece of tyre shewing the wire ends X Y'as they
would appear when twisted together; and Figure 3 is a vertical cross section. of an
india rubber tyre before the insertion of the wire; Figure 4 shewing the shape of
such a tyre before the insertion of the wire, and before being drawn or squeezed into
the rim, and Figure 5 is a vertical cross section of the tyre and wire shewing same
when on the rim of wheel.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
A is the india rubber tyre. B is the wire corrugated and united at the ends as

page_text: "
"
"
shewn. A plain wire corrugated at the end is first pushed through the hole in the
central part of the section of a length of the tyre; the corrugated wire is then
connected to the corrugated end of the plain wire which wire is then drawn through
the central aperture of a length of rubber tyre. This rubber tyre is preferably longer
than would be required for a given sized wheel if it were intended to be applied
thereto in an uncompressed state. The elastic tyre is then condensed in length while
upon the wire B, and the ends of the wire B are then secured together in the manner
before described the length of the said wire when joined being such that it can be
sprung or "jumped over the edge or flange of the rim of the wheel, the springing
action of the wire allowing of this operation; the two ends of the rubber tyre having
been drawn and closed together before the application of the tyre to the wheel the
compression of the tyre effectually keeping same close, and before closing I may
insert some binding cement. The tyre is then sprung onto the wheel and the spring
contraction of the wire will cause the hole or aperture in the tyre to assume a shape
soniewhat similar to that illustrated at Figure 5 and the corrugated wire will sink
deep in the groove and heave up the outer surface of the tyre, thus giving a greater
elastic cushion to the wheel than heretofore.
By my invention I am enabled to condense the whole rubber tyre to such a degree
that even the ends are closed by its own pressure when joined, and every cut that
may be made in its circumference will close up, and at the same time the corrugation
of this wire holds the rubber so firmly in position in every part of the periphery that
it cannot shift from one part to another and therefore cannot become cut.
By the spring like nature of the wire the tyre although most securely held into the
rim can be taken off for repairs without breaking the wire or injuring the tyre,
although to accomplish this great power is required, it being generally advisable to
employ mechanical power.
-4371
I am aware that plain wire has before my invention been inserted into india rubber
tyres and the ends of such plain wire have been fastened either by screw or by passing
same through the felloe of the rim and twisting it to a knot.
These methods of securing the tyre have not been successful because
1st. If plain wire is closed and forced over the rim there is no pull or clasticity in
the wire to cause the india rubber to embed itself closely into the bottom of the felloe
and the wire stands not only far above the edges of the felloe and is exposed to knocks
and injury on the road, but does not yield to enable one to get the tyre out again if
necessary for the repairs of the spokes; in other words the tyre can be got in, but not
out, without destroying the tyre and wire. Nor can the rubber be condensed with
facility as the wire when plain has no elasticity when forced over the edge of the felloe
to pull the tyre down to the bottom of the felloe, the rubber or elastic material could
when placed into the wheel rim only be either in a state of tension or at best in a
neutral state; whereas by my invention I am able to place a rubber tyre in a wheel
rim in any desired state or degree of compression.
2nd. If such straight wire be closed by a knot after being put round the felloe the
ends cannot be properly closed by the pressure of the rubber to prevent grit or other
extraneous inatter parting the ends. If the ends be fastened by means of a short
screw, such screw does not perceptibly shorten the wire and will by the constant
strain undo itself, while the screw also tends to cut or tear the rubber.
The plain wire also allows the tyre by the pressure on the road to heave and to
shift about upon the wire and thus to cut the india rubber.
By my invention all these objections are obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I am aware of
Munro's patent N° 2508 and I do not claim a tyre with helical spring core; and of
Hookham's patent No 377880 & I do not claim the introduction into an India rubber
tyre of a core of corrugated spring wire as therein described but what I claim is:
1st. The improved method of securing elastic tyres in wheel rims, by the insertion
of a corrugated spring wire B through the aperture in the whole length of the

page_text: rubber or elastic tyre, uniting the wire at the ends by interlocking as herein described,
and springing or "jumping" the tyre and inserted wire over the rim of the wheel
substantially as set forth.
2nd. In elastic wheel tyres, the means herein described whereby an elastic tyre
(having an inserted core of corrugated wire) is placed in position upon the wheel rim
while in a lengthwise compressed or condensed state, this compression or condensation
causing the closure of the two ends of the tyre as well as of any subsequent cut or
similar injury to the tyre all as hereinbefore described.
3rd. In elastic wheel tyres, having a corrugated spring wire core of any suitable
section, the improved method of joining the ends of the wire by interlocking their
corrugations substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2
of the accompanying drawings.