matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Manock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1866.
I, THOMAS MANOCK, of Acton, near Nantwich, in the County of Chester,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE," to be as follows:-
The operations which my improved apparatus are intended to facilitate in
the process of manufacturing cheese are, firstly, to raise the curd from the
bottom of the vessel in which it has been formed, after the major part of the
whey has been removed, up to a position for convenient handling, and,
secondly, to remove from curd in the condition above mentioned the principal
portion of the remaining whey. By the use of the said apparatus the amount
of labour requisite for the production of a given quantity of cheese is much
reduced, consequently the operations above mentioned can be performed in
much less time than under the present system of manufacture. To the top
or sides of a vessel of any desired shape, but preferably with parallel sides, I
connect or attach a frame, shaped or constructed to support a shaft free to
be rotated on its axis by a lever or handle, say two handles similar to winch
handles. On the said shaft thero is a barrel to carry a chain, the loose end
whereof passes downwards into the tub or vessel, and is coupled to a falso
bottom, perforated or with an opening or openings therein, which fits close to

page_text: the bottom and sides of the tub or vessel so that none or a very small quantity
of the milk shall pass between such false bottom and the real bottom. The
milk to be made into cheese is poured into the tub or vessel over the false
bottom, after coagulation and breaking up and the removal of the major part
of the whey; and for this latter operation I prefer to use the whey extractor
patented by Philip Coombes of date the 5th June 1865, No. 1585, I turn
the handles and the shaft, and so wind the chain on the barrel, thereby raising
the false bottom and the curd thereon, and at the same time I allow any whey
that will pass away by its own gravity to fall through the said false bottom;
after the curd has been raised to the desired position it is collected into a
curd cloth in the usual way and placed on the false bottom; the said false
bottom is then raised, and the curd in the cloth subjected to pressure between
it and a plate or piece connected to or part of the frame above mentioned, and
thereby a further portion of the remaining whey is removed. It will be
obvious that more than one barrel and chain could be used, and that ropes or
bands would answer nearly as well as the chains, and further that toothed
pinions on the shaft and racks connected to the false bottom or other like
mechanical equivalents could be employed for raising the false bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTERS FROM WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Olley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th September
1866.
I, WILLIAM OLLEY, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATTERS FROM WATER AND
OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the separation or removal of insects and
vegetable matter from water, spirits, and other liquids, and consists in the
use of an apparatus composed of an outer globe or case and an inner globe or
bag, through which the water or other liquid is passed from the cask or other
vessel in which it is contained to any required receptacle. The outer globe
or caso is or may be composed either of india-rubber or thin sheet iron, zinc,
or other metal according to the purpose for which it is required, and it is
formed with a neck at the upper part to receive a tap, or pipe, or other
means of communication leading from the cistern, waterbutt, or cask, or
vessel containing the liquid, and an outlet at the lower part leading to any
required receptacle for the cleansed water or other liquid. The inner globe
or bag is or may be composed of horsehair, or wire gauze, or similar
material, and it is sewn or otherwise fastened at the upper open part to the
interior of the outer globe or case, so as to form a separating bag within the

page_text: same for intercepting and separating insects or vegetablo matters from the
water or other liquid passed through it. By means of the apparatus above
described the water or other liquid is passed from the cistern, waterbutt, or
cask, into any required receptacle in a cleansed state without the impediment
incident to an ordinary filter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING RAILWAY SIGNALS AND POINTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 7th May 1866.
I, JAMES BROWN, of Romford, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING RAILWAY SIGNALS AND POINTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the arrangement and
construction of machinery or apparatus for the purpose of actuating railway
signals and points, the object being to obviate the possibility of a confusion of
signals, the apparatus being self-checking, and admitting only of one safe
system of signals at one and the same time, both as regards the signalling
arms and the points relating thereto, so that any collision of trains is rendered
impossible, as well as the passage of a train on to a wrong line of rails.
The apparatus consists of a series of vertical hand levers, say ten in
number, set on pivots in a framework supported above the ground by
standards carrying the signal box; these levers descend to bell-crank levers
actuating horizontal sliding rods set in bearings close to the ground, or in any
convenient position. Across these rods three rods are arranged in bearings;
these rods carry hinged vertical pins dropping into holes bored in the series
of ten or more lower rods; these pins are so arranged as to actuate various

page_text: series of the several rods, in order to effect unison of signals and corresponding
points.
The arrangement is as follows:-The first lever actuates the down distant
signal by means of a bell-crank lever and chain or wire rope, or by a direct
pull on a chain or rope passing around a pulley; the second lever actuates
the crossing point and locks all the other points and signals; the third
actuates the down junction point and locks the down main line and No. 2
crossing and the up and the down main signal; the fourth actuates the down
junction signal, and locks No. 3 lever when brought over; the fifth actuates
the down main signal, and locks Nos. 2, 3, and 4, and prevents them from
being drawn forward; the sixth actuates the up main signal or semaphore,
and locks Nos. 7, 8, and 9; the seventh actuates the up junction signal, and
unlocks Nos. 8 and 9; the eighth actuates the up junction points, and locks
Nos. 2, 6, and 10, and, when over, actuates the points; the ninth actuates
the up junction distance signal by means of bell-crank levers and chains or
ropes, or by chains and ropes pulled directly around grooved horizontal
wheels, and No. 8 lever being opened it unlocks the No. 9 lever, and locks
Nos. 10 and 6 the tenth actuates the main distant signal, and does not lock
any other.
The chief novelty of the Invention consists in the arrangement of the
sliding rods and the oscillating rods above them in connection with the
hinged pins dropping in the holes of the sliding rods or bell cranks, whereby
a locking and unlocking action is communicated mutually among the system
of signals and points, effecting unison of action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF PRESSED GLASS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Geoigo Webb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1866.
I, THOMAS GEORGE WEBB, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES OF PRESSED GLASS, AND IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows
-
My Invention relates to that part of the manufacture of articles of pressed
glass technically called melting. According to the usual method the article
to be melted is attached to a "pontil " or "post," and 15 then submitted to the
heat in the furnace
According to my Invention I dispense with the said pontil, post, or other
instrument to which the article is attached, and simply place the said article
loosely upon a plate, which is then thrust into the furnace. By these means
I
bicaking from
The apparatus
I avoid the subsequent severance of the article by cutting or
its support, and the shape thereof is in that respect uninjured.
propose to employ for the above purpose consists of a framework provided
with wheels, and which carries the plate on which the article is placed, and it
may therefore be run into the furnace by the attendant. The supporting
plate I propose to mount upon a centre, and to furnish it with ratchet teeth

page_text: which may be pushed forward by an instrument extending to the outside of
the furnace, thereby causing the said plate and article thereon to revolve; or
ordinary gearing may be employed for effecting the said rotation. I propose,
when necessary, to place the melted article in a matrix in order to restore it
to its proper form if distorted.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARD ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Whitford Hosking at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1866.
I, ALBERT WHITFORD HOSKING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARD
ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling the guard or other
person in charge of a railway train to call the attention of the passengers for
the production of tickets when about to enter a station where tickets
are collected, and thereby to facilitate and expedite the collection of the
tickets.
The improvements consist in providing each carriage of a train with tablets
containing directions for passengers such as "prepare tickets for collector,"
which are covered by flaps or screens, and applying an insulated electric wire
and current to such flap so as to uncover the tablet by breaking the electrical
contact and allowing the screens to fall, and at the same time to ring an
electric bell behind the tablet, and by means of a second wire not connected
with the bells, but with a stronger battery and electro-magnets the screens
The electrical
are replaced over the tablets when the train moves on.

page_text: current is to be transmitted from the guard's van, and carried through the
train by an insulated wire, and the connection may be made by attaching the
wire to the chain couplings; or where gas is used on trains, or by connecting
the wire with the gas pipe couplings. The bells may be enclosed in a glass
case (or covered by a glass plate), on which the information desired to be
conveyed to the passengers is inscribed; or the bell may be enclosed in a
box with an opaque front having the information inscribed on the surface
thereof. This arrangement will be found to be a more effectual means than
that at present adopted for the collection of tickets, and will expedite railway
travelling, and also diminish the labours of the station officials, as the guard
before approaching a "ticket station" calls the attention of the passengers
to the collectors attendance by ringing the bells and removing the screens from
the tablets.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown and John Hiton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
9th August 1866.
We, JOHN BROWN and JOHN HITON, both of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in communicating motion to the jacquard
cylinder by the lifting lever, in which is a slot for a moveable stud; this stud
is connected by a link to an arm projecting from the swing frame of the
jacquard cylinder, by this means a varying to-and-fro motion may be given
to the jacquard cylinder according to the lift of the healds.
The second part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of lifting
the healds, so as to lift and lower those healds furthest from the read propor-
tionately more than the others in order to produce a V-shed; the grife and
the bottom board are prolonged, beyond one side of the jacquard machine and
vibrate on studs corresponding to the fell of the fabric or that point where the
weft is beaten up into the cloth; the lifting lever is connected either to tho
grife or to the bottom board by a side link and swivel joint; the grife and
the bottom board are connected by links and a double lever.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AND DISPERSING OR SCATTERING LIQUID SCENTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wesley Fox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1866. A communication from abroad by William Trivet Fox, of 38,
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the French Empire.
1, JOSEPH WESLEY Fox, of De Beauvoir Road, Kingsland, in the County of
Middlesex, Commercial Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AND DISPERSING OR
SCATTERING LIQUID SCENTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS," communicated to me from
abroad by William Trivet Fox, of 38, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the
French Empire, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus in which the scent or liquid to be
dispersed is drawn up into and ejected through the stopper of the bottle or
vessel containing such scent or liquid. For this purpose the stopper is formed
with two channels or passages open at both ends. A tubular passage is lixed
or formed in the bottle or vessel, having openings at or near the top and
bottom. The upper passage in the stopper leads through from one part of it
to another, and the lower passage opens into the upper at one end and into
the side or bottom of the stopper at the other end in such position that when
the stopper is turned in the neck of the vessel the bottom end of such passage

page_text: may be brought opposite to or over against the top opening of the tubular
passage in the vessel, so that a thoroughfare or communication may be formed
between the two passages. By blowing through the upper passage in the
stopper the scent or liquid will be drawn up from the vessel and blown out
through the stopper. The stopper may be turned to bring its blank surface
against the top of the tube in the vessel and close communication. I
sometimes form an air hole in the neck or upper part of the vessel, and the
stopper is (in that case) cut away or recessed at one part; the air hole is opened
by bringing this part opposite it, and it is closed by turning the stopper so as
to bring the blank part against it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William King Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1866.
I, WILLIAM KING HALL, of Sheerness, in the County of Kent, Captain
in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct boats which when not
required for use may be folded so as to occupy comparatively small space.
I connect the stem and, stern posts to the keel by joints, so that they can
be folded over on to the keel, and I also connect by joints to the keel stays
or braces, the outer ends of which, when the parts are in position for use,
bear against and support the stem and stern posts. The frames or ribs are
secured in joints or sockets when required for use by pins and cotters or
otherwise, and can be taken out when the boat is to be folded up. I con-
tinue the ends of the frames or ribs, or some of them, above the gunwale,
so as to form rowlocks. All these parts may be constructed of metal or
wood, and I cover the whole with prepared canvas or other waterproof
material laced or secured to the gunwale. One or more air tubes may be
ritted at each side or other convenient part of the boat, which when
inated will act as fenders and also as supports.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN LAYING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Westhead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1866.
I, ALBERT WESTHEAD, of No. 17. St. Mary Axe, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN LAYING ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus employed in
laying electric telegraph cables. In order to prevent the loss of an electrio
telegraph cable in the event of its breaking when being paid out from a ship
or vessel apparatus is employed as hereafter explained through which the
cable passes freely whilst it is unbroken, but immediately on its breaking
wedges or friction surfaces carried by the apparatus come into action and
hold the cable before the broken end arrives at the apparatus. It is preferred
that the exterior form of the apparatus should be conical at both ends. The
apparatus is connected by a wire rope to the vessel from which the electrio
telegraph cable is being paid out and is drawn through the water at a distance
from such vessel. On the interior of the apparatus are wedges or friction
surfaces which whilst the telegraph cable is unbroken are hell out of action
by suitable stops or catches, but are arranged to be released by electrical
means, and the arrangement is such that so soon as the telegraph cable is
broken the wedges or holding surfaces are released and permitted or caused to
come into action. An electric circuit is arranged between the apparatus and

page_text: the vessel from which the telegraph cable is being paid out, and such circuit
may be caused to release or bring into action the wedges or friction surfaces
either on the making or breaking of the circuit, and it is preferred that the
completing or the breaking of the electrio circuit should depend on the
telegraph cable itself, so that a fracture of the cable may be the instantaneous
means of releasing or moving the wedges or friction apparatus in the apparatus
above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING PRESSES KNOWN AS COPPER-PLATE PRESSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Haley Collins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1866.
I, HENRY HALEY COLLINS, of 58, London Wall, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING PRESSES KNOWN AS COPPER-PLATE PRESSES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore printing presses known as copper-plate presses have been com-
posed of an upper and lower roller, and of a flat travelling board that passes
between them, and the engraved plate has been carried by this travelling
board.
Now, according to my Invention, I dispense with this travelling board, and
so form the lower roller that the engraved plate may be bent partly around
and be affixed to it. For this purpose I form the lower roller with a raised
surface extending partly around it, upon which the engraved plate is affixed.
Two opposite edges of the engraved plate are for this purpose bent down at
right angles, and these bent down edges are attached to the ends of the raised
surface on the cylinder. The forward edge of the plate that comes first
between the nip of the rollers is firmly fixed to the forward end of the raised
surface, and the opposite edge of the plate is also held down to this surface,
but this edge of the plate can in addition have a slight sliding motion away
from the end of the projection on the cylinder. The wheel for giving motion
to the press I affix to the axis of the lower roller in place of the upper roller,
as is most commonly the case.
IMPROVE MENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hoffman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th April 1866.
I, JOHN WILLIAM HOFFMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN CHURNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing churns with a cylinder or barrel of
any suitable material fitted with a cover, and also with an escape for the gas,
The operation is performed by beaters formed by preference of wire or of
perforated plates attached to a spindle which passes through the head of the
churn, and which spindle carries a toothed pinion gearing into a toothed wheel
upon the spindle or axis of which is fitted a crank handle, or for driving by
power a pulley or other available gear. Turning the toothed wheel by means
of the crank or other driving power causes very rapid revolution of the pinion
and of the beaters upon its spindle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING THE HAIR OF MAN AND ANIMALS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1866.
I, CHARLES TURNER, of the Town and County of Southampton, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING THE HAIR OF MAN AND ANIMALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for communicating
motion to rotary brushes for brushing human hair, also to improvements in
the application of rotary brushes for grooming or brushing horses and other
animals; it consists in the application of a balance lever carrying at one extremity
grooved pullies, over which the endless band for driving the brush passes,
it also passes over pullies on the centre shaft or fulcrum, on which the lever
turns, and which are driven by another band by steam or other power. The
band driving the rotating brush also passes over a pulley mounted on a fixed
fulcrum, towards and from which the pulley on the lever oscillates according
to the tension on the driving band, and as the rotary brush may be raised or
lowered in its application the counterbalance or weighted arm maintains a
nearly uniform tension of the band, at same time permitting a rise or fall of
the brush of, say, four or five feet.

page_text: When this apparatus is applied to the grooming of animals I pass
the strap that drives the rotating brush over two additional grooved guide
pulleys disposed below the lever so as to keep the strap away from the
animal while it is being brushed underneath. An arrangement is also made
for shifting the whole apparatus along so as to reach either end of the animal
without moving it. The rotary brush for animals will also be provided with
a long handle, so that it may be held and applied in an overhanging position,
while for brushing human hair it will be applied much in the ordinary
manner. I provide and dispose a pair of hooks in a position pendant from the
balance lever fulcrum on which to rest and lay the brush and axis when not
held in the hands for use.
THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF SCALES AND HANDLES SUITABLE FOR KNIVES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CUTLERY FROM SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bottom and William Bottom.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th January 1866.
We, JOHN BOTTOм, of Number 40, Meadow Street, Sheffield, and
WILLIAM BOTTOM, of Number 2, Occupation Road, Sheffield, both of the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATION OF SCALES AND HANDLES SUITABLE FOR
KNIVES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CUTLERY FROM SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO EMPLOYED
FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of the exterior coverings and
handles of knives and other articles of cutlery, the same being commonly.
known and distinguished in the trade as the outer scales or coverings, and
handles or hafts. For these purposes paper in the manufactured state, or
paper pulp, or paper reduced to the state of pulp is used. When paper is
employed the several sheets or thicknesses thereof are combined by means.
of any suitable adhesive substance or substances; and when paper pulp or
paper reduced to the state of pulp is used the same is stiffened by mixing
therewith gums or sizes, or other similar or analogous substances adapted
for the purpose. In order to obtain the requisite degree of hardness and
consolidation the paper and paper pulp or paper reduced to the state of
pulp thus prepared may be subjected to pressure obtained by any suitable
means, and then formed into the desired shapes and applied as scales or
handles for knives and other articles of cutlery.
PREVENTING THE RECURRENCE OF PERIODS OF EXCESSIVE SPECULATION AND PANIC
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Maunder at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1866.
I, FREDERICK MAUNDER, of Barnstaple, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "PREVENTING THE RECURRENCE OF PERIODS OF EXCESSIVE
SPECULATION AND PANIC," to be as follows:-
At present the bank note money of the kingdom increases and decreases
with the imports and exports of gold; the increase sends down the rate of
interest or loanable value of money, leading to excessive speculation, which
when these speculations have matured raises the price of commodities, thereby
causing an export of gold, which leads to a decrease of the note circulation
and brings on pressure and panic.
My Invention provides for stability and uniformity in the amounts of
the note circulation, while it still retains equality of value with gold at the
national standard of £8 17 10 per oz. This uniformity in the quantity of
note money will on the one hand prevent a low rate of interest and excessive
speculation, and on the other a high rate of interest and panic.
AN IMPROVED FRICTION CLUTCH FOR STARTING AND STOPPING MACHINERY
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Corey McFarland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th August
1866. A communication from abroad by James Brown, of Pawtucket,
Rhode Island, United States of America.
I, COREY MCFARLAND, of Birmingham, County of Warwick, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FRICTION
CLUTCH FOR STARTING AND STOPPING MACHINERY," a communication, to be as
follows:-
The said improvements consist in the peculiar arrangement of parts
whereby the surfaces of a pulley and clutching device are brought more
directly and forcibly into frictional contact with each other, and whereby the
construction of the said parts is greatly simplified and rendered more
substantial than heretofore. The pulley is fitted to run loosely upon its
shaft, and is provided with a boss of sufficient length to support it steadily
on the said shaft, the arms or plate connecting the rim and boss being
formed on one side of the rim. The interior surface of the said rim is turned
perfectly true, and forms the bearing surface for the clutching device. The
said clutching device consists of two segments fitted to slide freely in
guideways formed in a plate which is firmly fixed by means of keys or set
screws upon the shaft on one side of the pulley. The said segments are

page_text: provided with a flange at their outer extremities, which flange is curved to
correspond with the curve of the interior surface of the pulley; these
segments are forced into contact with the said surface when required by
means of levers hinged or jointed upon suitable fulcrum pins fixed upon the
segment plate; these levers at a point near their fulcrums pass through and
fit into slots or apertures formed in the segments, the said slots having curved
edges to enable the levers to work properly therein. The ends of these levers
extend through the segments and lie in the proper position to be operated by
a conical collar fitted to slide upon the shaft, the said ends being provided
with set screws or other means of adjustment by which the pressure of the
segments upon the rim of the pulley is regulated. The sliding collar may be
made conical at both ends to operate two clutches, and is provided with a
groove or channel for the reception of the end of a forked lever by which the
sliding of the said collar upon its shaft is effected. The segments are drawn
out of contact with the rim of the pulley when released from the sliding
collar by spiral springs secured to hooks or other suitable connections fixed on
the said segments.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA OR ALKALI
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cochran Stevenson and
George Thornton France at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th November 1866.
We, JAMES COCHRAN STEVENSON, of South Shields, in the County of
Durham, and GEORGE THORNTON FRANCE, of Gateshead, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SODA OR ALKALI," to be as follows:-
These improvements are applicable to that part of the manufacture of soda
or alkali called "balling or black ash making" when the operation is conducted
in a cylindrical revolving furnace such as that patented by George Elliott and
William Russell on 13th April 1853 (No. 887).
The process as heretofore conducted has either been to charge at once into
the cylinder all the materials used in the operation, namely, chalk or lime-
stone, sulphate of soda, and coal, or more usually to heat the chalk and a
portion of the coal, reserving the sulphate of soda and the rest of the coal, as
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to one of us, viz., the said
James Cochran Stevenson and John Williamson, and dated 31st December
1855 (No. 2957).
Our improvements consist in keeping back part of the coal used in the
operation until the rest of the materials previously charged into the cylinder
have been heated up to the point of incipient fusion. We put into the cylinder
the usual proportions of chalk or limestone and sulphate of soda with about
two-thirds of the usual proportion of coal. These materials are gradually

page_text: heated together in the cylinder, and as soon as they have commenced to
soften with the heat and show signs of fusion we stop the cylinder and add the
rest of the coal, after which the further heating of the materials is continued
and the black ash drawn out in the usual manner.
These improvements are also applicable to the manufacture of black ash
from sulphate of potash.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND DRIVING CUTTING AND OTHER TOOLS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Morton Eden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1866.
I, FREDERICK MORTON EDEN, of King's Bench Walk, Temple, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING AND DRIVING CUTTING AND
OTHER TOOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an apparatus for holding and actuating such
tools as require a reciprocating action to be given to them, at the same time
that they are capable of being moved from place to place and caused to act in
almost any direction, such (for instance) as chisels for cutting stone, marble,
or other similar materials, and hammers or tools for closing rivets. The
apparatus consists principally of a small cylinder furnished with handles, by
which it is held and directed, and provided with a flexible pipe in connection
with a steam boiler or reservoir of compressed air or gas. The interior of
the cylinder is fitted with a piston, the rod of which passes out through glands
or stuffing boxes in both ends of the cylinder, and one end of this rod carries
or forms the socket in which the chisel or other tool to be actuated is fixed;
the other end of the piston rod alternately compresses and liberates two
spiral springs, which impart motion to the valve rod in such a way as to admit

page_text: the steam alternately at each side of the piston. The apparatus is held in
the two hands by means of the handles, and the steam or compressed air being
turned on a rapid reciprocating motion is imparted to the piston rod, and
consequently to the tool, which may be directed to any part of the work and
held in almost any position. The weight of the apparatus is supported by
means of vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic springs or cords, one end of
which is attached to the cylinder and the other suspended from a beam or
other convenient place by means of a strap provided with a buckle, or by any
other suitable arrangement whereby the mean height of the apparatus can be
readily adjusted at the same time that a facility of moving it about within
certain limits is afforded, This method of supporting the apparatus forms a
principal feature of my Invention,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING TOOTHED OR OTHER WHEELS, OR PULLIES, OR PORTIONS OF CIRCLES FOR CASTING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Deakin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1866.
I, THOMAS DEAKIN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING TOOTHED OR OTHER WHEELS, OR PULLIES, OR PORTIONS OF
CIRCLES FOR CASTING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that known description of moulding apparatus in
which only a portion of the entire pattern is used, it being moved at intervals
around a centre of motion, so as to repeat itself, and consists in mounting the
pattern and apparatus connected therewith upon a suspended spindle or frame
and also in rendering the same capable of being shifted from one part of the
foundry to another.
The following arrangements will illustrate my Invention:-To the walls. or
beams or floor of the foundry I adapt railways, and upon these place a beam
which constitutes the framework of the moulding apparatus; this beam
carries a bearing for a spindle, which at its lower end is provided with a radial
arm and within this the pattern holder is mounted so as to be capable of being
moved downward for the sand to be rammed as usual and then upward.
There is ordinary gearing adapted for moving the radial arm for successive
mouldings and for causing the whole apparatus to travel upon the railways.

page_text: In another arrangement I place the framework upon a railway at one end,
and support it by a diagonal brace provided with a travelling roller, or one
upright beam may carry the apparatus placed upon or between rails at
bottom or at top.
In another arrangement I place a post in the floor of the foundry at any
desired situation, which post extends overhead after the manner of a drilling
machine, and carries a pendent spindle upon which the radial arm is mounted.
I also employ a series of arms jointed together after the manner of brackets
for gas burners, each of these arms is formed to receive the spindle upon
which the radial arm is mounted, and therefore by removing one or more of
them or adding thereto the apparatus may be contracted or extended. In
all cases the pattern holder may be moved inward or outward upon the
radial arm as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND CUPOLAS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hadfield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1866.
I, GEORGE HADFIELD, of Lancaster, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES AND CUPOLAS," to be as follows:-
Over the top of the chimney of the furnace in which coal, coke, or fuel is
ignited I place a conical or bell-shaped mouth-piece connected to a pipe or
flue with suitable dampers, which pipe or flue extends downwards to the ash-
pit below the grate or fire-bars, so that the smoke and gases shall repeatedly
come in contact with the ignited fuel and be effectually consumed.
In cases where natural or artificial compounds or chemical products are to be
roasted, smelted, or acted upon by heat I employ at the top of the furnace or
cupola a similar mouth-piece connected to a. descending pipe or flue, through
which I cause steam or gas to be passed to the materials for acting chemically
upon them or causing the heat to be more intense.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS AND PREVENTING THE FORMATION OF THE SAME IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1866. A communication from abroad by Jacob Janes Lavo and
Peter Menard Chouteau, both of St. Louis, Missouri, United States of
America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR REMOVING INCRUSTATIONS AND PREVENTING THE
FORMATION OF THE SAME IN STEAM BOILERS," a communication, to be as fol-
lows:-
The ingredients of which the said composition consists, and the proportions
in which they are most advantageously combined, are as follows:-Barium,
five pounds; sal ammoniac, one pound; rectified sugar, four pounds; con-
centrated lye, four pounds. These ingredients are well mixed together, care
being taken to exclude the air therefrom, as the compound thus formed is
exceedingly volatile.
About one pound of this composition should be mixed once in twenty-four
hours with every fifty barrels of water in the cold water reservoir, or heater, or

page_text: other reservoir from which the water is taken into the boiler. This quantity
will be found sufficient to remove any previously formed incrustations or
scales from the surface of the boiler plates, and will also prevent the for-
mation of fresh deposits thereon; the boiler being therefore kept clean,
great economy of fuel is effected, and the danger of explosion is greatly
diminished.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DRILLING IRON AND OTHER METALS, ALSO FOR BORING WOOD, FOR TAPPING NUTS, AND SCREWING BOLTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simeon Deacon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1866.
I, SIMEON DEACON, of the Kennet Iron Works, Reading, in the County of
Berks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR DRILLING IRON AND OTHER METALS, ALSO FOR BORING WOOD, FOR
TAPPING NUTS, AND SCREWING BOLTS," to be as follows:-
The following is the construction of the improved machinery above referred
to. Upon a suitable iron bed mounted on standards and carrying a headstock
and adjustable brackets, I adjust and fit the following parts, that is to say :-
Through the upper part of the headstock aforesaid I chase or form a square
thread or female screw, into which is fitted a screw bush, through which is
formed a long round hole, through which is passed the small part of a long
mandril, the other part of the said mandril is formed cylindrical, and such part
fits accurately in a corresponding shaped hole formed in a bracket piece fixed
to the bed plate aforesaid. There is a hand wheel fixed to the outer end of
the before-mentioned screw bush, and a winch bandle is also fixed upon the
outer end of the small part of the mandril. The end of the enlarged part of
the said mandril has a square hole formed therein to receive either a drill, a
bit, or a tap. Another bracket is adjusted to the bed plate of the machinery
as an abutment to hold the piece of metal or wood which it is desired to drill
or bore, or to hold nuts for tapping or forming threads or screws therein, or
dies for screwing bolts.

page_text: The operations of this improved machinery are as follows:-Upon imparting
rotatory motion to the hand wheel the screw bush will force the mandril
forward and hold it-firmly there whilst the operator imparts rotatory motion
to the winch handle and drill or other tool fixed in the mandril, the operator
from time to time forcing the mandril forward by the screw bush -until the
tool has passed through the metal under operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS FOR THE ATTACHMENT OF PIPES WITH SOLDERED OR PLUMBERS' JOINTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May 1866.
I, HENRY WILSON, of Stockton-upon-Tees, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS
OR TAPS FOR THE ATTACHMENT OF PIPES WITH SOLDERED OR PLUMBERS' JOINTS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming loose bosses or nuts with a right or left
hand screw internally for attachment to the cock or tap. Where a pipo is
attached to each end of the cock or tap, one end of the said cock or tap is
screwed externally with a right-hand screw, and the other end with a left-
hand screw, the bosses or nuts being screwed internally in a similar manner.
On the outer ends of the loose bosses or nuts I solder the pipes, I then fix
the said bosses or nuts in a line at the proper distance apart, place the cock
between them, and by turning it in one direction screw it into both the bosses
or nuts at one and the same time. Where only one pipe is attached I make
use of only one boss or nut to which I solder the pipe. The application of
heat to the barrel of the cock or tap is entirely dispensed with in the
operation of soldering the joints of the pipes which in the old system strained
the barrels of the cocks or taps so that the plugs never fitted uniformly,
consequently were always leaking.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBULAR AND HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL BODIES WHERE GREAT STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS IS REQUIRED
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Deakin and John Bagnall
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd August 1866.
We, WILLIAM DEAKIN, of Great Barr, in the County of Stafford, Iron-
master, and JOHN BAGNALL JOHNSON, of Tettenhall, also in the County of
Stafford, Roll Turner, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS AND APPLIANCES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBULAR AND
HOLLOW CYLINDRICAL BODIES WHERE GREAT STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS IS REQUIRED,"
to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention is for important improvements upon a Patent granted to
James Thompson on the 22nd of April 1864, No. 1018, entitled "Certain
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hollow Axles and Axle Boxes, and
which said Improvements are also applicable for the Manufacture of Locomotive
and other Tubes, Hydraulic Cylinders, and such like Tubular Bodies where
great Strength and Solidity is required," of which Patent (with all others
granted to the said James Thompson) we are by purchase and assignment
the sole registered proprietors.
But with a view of being explicit, and that our improvements may be fully.
comprehended, we will observe that they have for their object the adaptation
and use of such tubular bodies in places or positions where great strength and

page_text: lightness is of importance, such as for marine or locomotive engines and other
like purposes.
And these improvements consist in producing them by preference from the
homogeneous metal known as Bessemer's steel, and the taking of such metal
in sufficient quantities or parts, according to the purpose for which it may be
desired, and drilling and punching, piercing or perforating, and treating the
said mass by the processes, means, and appliances as described in Patents
granted to us, Nos. 1341 and 2795, both of 1865 (as being for the manu-
facture of gun barrels and ordnance), to reduce it to the shape and dimensions
required, whether regular or irregular, together with the formation of flanges,
bearings, journals, or projections, so that a tube, cylinder, or hollow
cylindrical body or part may be formed and fashioned to any given shape
according to the purpose desired in one entire seamless piece without weld of
any kind.
The tube, cylinder, or hollow cylindrical body or part may be subsequently
reduced and straightened when desired, or bent to any regular or irregular
curve as described in our last Patent, No. 2795, 1865, before referred to.
The further operation of flanging, indenting, or setting up projections may
be effected by pressure, or a blow, or succession of blows, with a suitable rest
or seat, clips, guides, dies, or clamps, for holding such tubes during the said
operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUYERES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Devey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1866.
I, EDWARD DEVEY, of Dudley Port, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATER TUYERES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of explosion in water tuyeres,
and it consists in applying to such tuyeres a safety valve constructed in the
following manner :-In the top of the tuyere and in the outer casing or jacket
I place a valve seating, in which rests a valve box; a collar or flange around
this valve box allows it to rest in its seating, in which it may be further
secured by any suitable packing. A strap of metal across the bottom of the
valve box supports an upright spindle which passes through and carries a
valve and the cover of the valve box. Undue pressure of steam has the effect
of raising both valve and cover, thus adequately providing for the escape of
any reasonable amount of steam. The pressure being thus eased the valve
and cover fall into their original positions. The motion of the valve
independent of the cover is for the purpose of admitting air to neutralize
the effect of gases which are generated in the tuyere. A balance lever
mounted on a suitable fulcrum is provided to maintain the valve in position.