IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS, IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING PLAIN, FIGURED, AND TERRY OR LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VELVETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
Roberts, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of
January now last past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Richard Roberts, my exors, adñiors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, that I, the said Richard Roberts, my exors, admors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard Roberts, my exors, admors,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRICS, IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING PLAIN,
FIGURED, AND TERRY OR LOOPED FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR CUTTING VELVETS AND OTHER FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said Richard Roberts, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of

page_text: Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said Lotters Patent,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Roberts, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the eight Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of certain
textile fabrics, such as plushes, velvets, carpets, and other plain and figured
fabrics, which are woven on wires to form loops that are subsequently cut to
form the pile, and consist,―
First, in making the pile of unequal lengths, and thereby giving it a downy
quality. This effect is produced not by floating the warp, but by employing
wires of two or more widths to form the loops, which loops, when cut, form
the pile. Another mode of making a downy pile is by cutting the loops
made on wires of equal widths, near the alternate edge of each wire, and
when two pieces are woven together, in cutting them asunder by dividing
the fibres alternately or otherwise nearer to the one or other ground or pieces
respectively.
Secondly, in producing a ribbed pile, which may be composed of a series of
undulations or of flat surfaces on different levels, according to the width
and arrangement of the wires used. When one piece at a time is woven, and
when two pieces are woven together face to face, the ribbed effect is pro-
duced by dividing the fibres that connect the pieces at different distances from
the pieces respectively, so as to produce elevations on one piece corresponding
to the depressions on the other. It may sometimes be desirable, in order to
increase the effect produced by unequally dividing the fibres which connect
two pieces, to use wires of different widths.
Also my improvements in machinery for weaving plain, figured, and terry or
looped fabrics consist,―
First, in mechanism which is actuated by the shuttle when it "boxes"
clear of the warp, so as to release the brake or swell, which is then made to
press against the shuttle and to check its progress. Also in mechanism for
removing the pressure of the brake from the shuttle, and for resetting the
releasing mechanism preparatory to the succeeding pick or throw of the shuttle.
Secondly, in improved self-acting apparatus for arresting the motions of the
loom in the absence of the weft in the shed, or the shuttle in the box.
$

page_text: Thirdly, in improved mechanism for giving the necessary tension to the
warp during the time the weft is being driven home for relaxing the tension
whilst the shed is being made, and for reducing the tension of the weighting
springs in proportion to the decreasing diameter of the warp beam.
Fourthly, in improved machinery for taking up the web as it is woven.
Fifthly, in an improved construction of shuttle.
Sixthly, improvements in "temples" for keeping the web distended in the
loom.
Seventhly, in a novel arrangement of shuttle boxes when two or more
shuttles are required.
Eighthly, improved machinery for effecting the required changes of the
shuttles in looms wherein several shuttles are used.
Ninthly, improved apparatus for advancing the cards and the needles in the
Jacquard machine, by which improvement the cards advance as the loom is
turned forward and vice versa.
Tenthly, in the construction of yarn beams for sail cloth, carpeting, and
other heavy goods, by which a saving in stowage room and of expence in
making them is effected.
Eleventhly, in machinery to facilitate the placing of the beamed warp in
the loom.
Twelfthly, in a modification of the Jacquard machine to make an even
"shed" without the intervention of levers.
Thirteenthly, in novel applications of the Jacquard machine to the weaving
of small patterns.
Fourteenthly, improved race for the shuttle in the upper shed when two
shuttles are used, and the application of a comb to support terry wires whilst
being pushed across the shed.
Fifteenthly, in improved apparatus for placing the wires in the shed, and
machinery for actuating the same.
Sixteenthly, in improved apparatus for withdrawing the wires from the
terries, and for oiling the wires. Also in machinery for actuating the same.
Seventeenthly, in improved apparatus for regulating the advance of the wires
to within reach of the withdrawing apparatus.
Eighteenthly, in improved mechanism for transferring the wires from the
withdrawing apparatus to the feeding apparatus.
Nineteenthly, in apparatus for registering the length of the web as it is
woven.
Twentiethly, in apparatus for keeping warps or threads as they are with-
drawn from bobbins or rollers in a more uniform state of tension than has
hitherto been done.
2

page_text: Twenty-firstly, in the application of glass rods for limiting the range of the
figure warp.
Twenty-secondly, in an improved arrangement of rods for limiting the range
of the figure warp.
Twenty-thirdly, in the application of mechanism for disentangling the warp
threads, or clearing the shed.
Twenty-fourthly, in the application to looms for weaving terry fabrics of
supplementary, in addition to the ordinary lay swords, as herein-before
described and shewn in Figs. 19 and 30.
And my improvements in machinery or apparatus for cutting velvets and
other fabrics consist,―
First, in apparatus for directing the cutter into the guiding groove at the
end of the wire, and in mechanism for cutting the terries simultaneously with
removing the wire.
Secondly, in improved apparatus for sharpening the cutter.
Thirdly, in an improved arrangement of cutters and guides for dividing the
fibre connecting twin pieces together face to face (after the same shall have
been removed from the loom). And in apparatus for sharpening the said
cutters.
And,
1 Lastly, in the application of diamonds or other suitable jewels for cutting
the loops, whether made of warp or weft, which, when cut, constitute the pile
of the fabric.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 represents a back elevation of a loom for weaving plain
fabrics, to which some of my improvements are applied. Fig. 2 is a side
elevation of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view of part of the loom, and of the
improved self-acting temples.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 represent a front elevation, plan, and side elevation of my
improved mechanism for releasing the brake or swell as soon as the shuttle
has boxed.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 7 is an end elevation of my improved loom for weaving
ginghams or other fabrics requiring several shuttles. (In this Figure the end of
the lay is shewn in section.) Fig. 8 is a back elevation, and Fig. 9 a plan of
parts of the same. Fig. 10 is a detached view of part of the Jacquard machine.
Fig. 11 a sectional elevation of part of a loom for weaving small wares,
shewing one application of my improved taking-up motion to such fabrics,
and Fig. 12 is a plan of the same.

page_text: In Sheet 3, Figure 13 represents a front elevation of a loom for weaving
certain descriptions of figured fabrics. Fig. 14 is a plan of the same.
Fig. 15 is a front elevation of another modification of a loom for the same
purpose, and Fig. 16 a plan of the same. Fig. 17 is a detached view of a
part of one of the Jacquard plates or metal cards applicable to the loom
shewn in Figs. 15 and 16, drawn to the full size.
On Sheet 4, Fig. 18 represents a front elevation of my improved loom for
weaving terry or looped fabrics.
On Sheet 5, Fig. 19 is a side elevation of the loom shewn in Sheet 4.
Figure 20 is a front elevation of a pair of pincers for drawing the wires out of
the fabric. Figure 21 is a pair of pincers of another construction. Figure 22
is a plan view of Figure 20. Figure 23 shews another mode of constructing
pincers. Figure 24 is a plan of Figure 23. Figure 25 represents a pair of
pincers constructed in a different manner. Figure 26, a plan of the same.
And Figure 27 is a front view of the upper jaw of a pair of pincers, shewing
how the same may be made to swivel instead of being stationary. Figure 27*
represents a detached view of the lovers for giving tension to the warps.
On Sheet 6, Figure 28 is a plan view of the loom shewn on Sheets 4 and 5,
and Figure 29 a detached view of the improved mechanism for giving the
requisite tension to the warp during the beating up the weft. Figure 29* is
a detached plan view of the spring pincers for completing the passage of the
wire across the shed.
Figure 82ª is
in weaving by
On Sheet 7, Figure 30. represents a side elevation of a loom for weaving
two pieces of Wilton carpet or certain other piled fabric simultaneously, to
which some of my improvements are attached. Figure 30* is a detachel
view of one of the warp clearers. Figure 31 is a detached plan view of the
apparatus for cutting the twin fabrics asunder by dividing the warp threads
constituting the pile of both, and for withdrawing the wires. Figure 32 is a
detached view of a part of one of the wires, drawn full size.
a detached view of part of a wire with the eye like those used
hand; and Figure 32 part of a wire bent to suit my improved feeding.
apparatus. Figure 33 is a detached sectional elevation of my improved race
for the shuttle in the upper shed, when two shuttles are used, and of certain
other parts in connection therewith; and Figure 34 is a detached view of two
rows of shuttle boxes with four compartments in each. Figure 34" is a
sectional elevation of the trough for inserting the wires. Figure 34b is a plan
view, and Figure 34° a transverse section of the same.
On Sheet 8, Figure 35 is a plan view of part of my improved arrangement
of cutters for dividing two pieces of piled fabric, woven together, and of the

page_text: apparatus for sharpening the cutters. Figure 36 is a section of the chain of
cutters shewn in Figure 35, and of the guide in which they work. Figure 87
is a front elevation of a pile-cutting apparatus adapted to cut single fabrics
simultaneously with withdrawing the wire, shewing the mechanism for guiding
the cutter into the groove at the end of the wire. This apparatus is also
applicable to the separating of twin fabrics in the loom, and likewise in the
cutting machine when provided with guides, as will be herein-after explained.
Figures 87a, 376, and 37c, are detached views of the ends of wires for
producing undulated surfaces. Figure 38 is a plan view of some of the pieces
shewn in Figure 37. Figure 39 is an end elevation, partly in section, of the
same apparatus. Figure 40 is another modification of apparatus for directing
the cutter into the groove at the end of the wire. Figure 41 represents on an
enlarged scale a plan view of a circular cutter and of some of the mechanism
for actuating the same, which apparatus may be applied to a carpet loom, as
shewn in Figure 30 of Sheet 7, or may form part of a machine for dividing
the pieces after they have been taken from the loom. Figure 42 is a sectional
side elevation, and Figure 43 an end elevation, also partly in section, of the
same apparatus and of the taking-up rollers and breast beams of the loom.
Figure 44 represents another modification of the cutting apparatus shewn in
Figure 31 of Sheet 7. Figure 45 is an end elevation of the same, and
Figure 46 a detached view of the sharpening apparatus. Figure 47 is a part
of the creel of a carpet loom, shewing my improved mode of weighting the
figure warp bobbins, and Figure 48 a side sectional elevation of the same.
Figure 49 is a longitudinal, and Figure 49* a cross section, of my improved
yarn beam for sailcloth, carpeting, and other heavy goods. Figure 50
represents a front elevation of my improved brake, with part of the loom side.
Figure 51 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 52 a detached view, of part
of the same. Figure 53 is a plan view of my improved temples, Figure 54
a side elevation taken in section, and Figure 55 a front elevation of the same.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, of Sheet 1, a represents the crank shaft of a loom
for weaving plain fabrics, the connecting rods, and c the lay bottom. c' are
the lay swords, and d, d, are two levers, through the intervention of which the
lay swords receive their motion from the connecting rods 6, as will be explained
hereafter. The mechanism for releasing the shuttle brake as soon as the
shuttle shall have "boxed" clear of the warp, and for removing the pressure of
the brake from the shuttle and resetting the releasing mechanism preparatory
to the next boxing of the shuttle, consists of the following parts, which are
distinctly shewn in the detached Figures 4, 5, and 6. is the stopping shaft,
extending across the loom and supported in bearings fixed to the under side of

page_text: the lay bottom. c³ is a lever fixed on the shaft c³ near one end, there being a
similar lever near the other end. d is the stopping finger, also fixed on the
shaft c. To a projection from one of the levers c³ is bolted the spring lever c',
which carries on a stud near its extremity an anti-friction roller c³, which roller.
travels once round the piece c", fixed to the loom side, for every rotation of tho
crank shaft. The circulation of the roller c³ is effected thus:-The piece c¹º
is fixed to the loom side at such an angle with reference to the arc that the
roller c³ would perform if unrestrained; that when the lay is in the forward
position, as shewn in the Drawing at Figure 2, the spring c* causes the roller c³
to pass from the under to the upper side of the piece c", and when the lay
arrives at the backward position, the roller c³ passes from the upper to the
under side of that piece. From the foregoing it will be evident that as the
lay advances towards the breast beam, the spring c* will be put into a state of
tension calculated to cause the brake on the lever c³ to press against the shuttle
as soon as it shall be set at liberty so to do; and that as the lay returns the
roller c, by ascending the incline of the piece c¹, will put the spring c* into
the opposite state of tension, and thereby reset the disengaging apparatus and
liberate the shuttle.
In Figures 5 and 6 the shuttle is shewn as having boxed clear of the warp,
and by its action on the trigger c' to have withdrawn the catch c" from the
lever c, and thereby to have allowed the spring c to bring the brake into
action to check the progress of the shuttle, and at the same time to have lifted
the stopping finger d¹ (see Figure 2) high enough to pass over the balance
catch d". During the backward stroke of the lay the roller c, as it ascends
the incline c", removes the pressure from the shuttle and depresses the lever c³
sufficiently for the catch lever c', which is actuated by a spring, to pass over it,
the end of the catch lever being bevelled off to allow the lever c³ to be depressed
as soon as the shuttle leaves the box. The connecting rods b, instead of being
jointed to the lay swords in the ordinary manner, are connected to the levers d
before mentioned, and those levers are connected at their upper end by joint
pins and below by T-headed stop pins to the lay swords c'. The T-headed
stop pins are furnished with a nut at each side of the lay sword, by which the
range of the levers d is regulated.
My improved self-acting apparatus for arresting the motion of the loom and
for taking up the web is set in motion by the agency of the levers d, and the
various parts in connection therewith. Thus the anti-friction rollers d¹ bear
against the levers d², which are fixed to a cross shaft moving in bearings on
the lay swords. These levers are held in contact with the rollers d¹ and the
levers d, with the T-headed stop pins before mentioned, by the springs d³

page_text: attached to the lay swords. One of the levers d' acts upon the projecting end of
the lever d', which oscillates on a stud fixed to the loom side. To the lever d
is jointed the ratchet click d', which takes into the teeth of the ratchet wheel
d. To this wheel is fixed a pinion taking into the wheel on the cloth beam
in the ordinary manner. By this combination of levers the connecting rods b
are made to give motion to the cloth beam when the beating up of the weft
offers so much resistance to the advance of the lay that the levers d overcome
the springs d³, and move the levers d' and d' sufficiently to cause the click d³ to
force the ratchet wheel de forward until the ordinary retaining click (not shewn in
the Drawing) drops into another tooth. In like manner, when owing to breakage
or other cause the weft ceases to be deposited in the warp, the taking up will
also cease, because the levers d will not act with sufficient force on the levers d
to cause the click d to advance the ratchet wheel d another tooth. The
mechanism for stopping the loom in the absence of weft is set in motion by a
lateral projection from the end of one of the levers d³ seen in Figs. 1 and 2;
this projection acts upon an elbow lever d', which swings on a stud fixed in the
horizontal bar d³ sliding in brackets attached to the framing, as seen in Fig. 3.
The spring & draws the horizontal arm of the elbow lever d' upwards, and
the lower arm of the same lever against the projection of the lever d. The
upper end of the spring & is secured to the elbow lever d", which is kept
continually moving to and fro by the action of the spring and the cam o
(shewn by a blue line in Fig. 2) acting against the convexity near the end of
the lever do. The horizontal arm of the elbow lever d' is represented in
Fig. 2 as being below the end of the lever do, the weft being in this instance
supposed to have caused so much resistance to the advance of the lay as to
cause the levers d, by their action on the levers d³, to move the lower arm of
the elbow lever & and depress the horizontal arm of the same below the reach
of the lever do. If, on the other hand, the weft had not been deposited in the
shed, the advance of the lay would not have been sufficiently impeded to cause
the horizontal arm of the elbow lever d' to be depressed so far as to allow the
lever do to pass over it; consequently, by the next advance of the lever do the
bar will be moved towards the front of the loom. From the foregoing it will
be evident that in the event of the weft failing to be deposited in the warp the
sliding bar de will, by being forced from under the catch g³, liberate the
friction ring 9, and by its other end unlatch the spring strap lever in the
ordinary way, the effect of which will be the instant stoppage of the loom, by
the friction ring 9 disconnecting the fly wheel and driving the pulley from the
crank shaft, and acting as a brako on the cone a³. To the sliding bar dis
also hinged the balance catch du, which answers the same purpose as the

page_text: "frog" in looms of the ordinary construction; that is to say, when the shuttle
fails to box the frog finger d comes in contact with the catch d", and by
moving the sliding bar d³ disengages the ring 9 and spring strap lover as before
described, by making the catch d¹¹ to hinge upon a stud in the sliding bar d³,
the injurious effects of the frog finger striking against the frog, and thereby
straining the stopping shaft, will be greatly diminished, if not entirely obviated.
g
My improved mechanism for arresting the motions of the loom when the
sliding bar d has been moved, either by the action of the cam a' or of the frog
finger d, is fully shewn in the Figures 50, 51, and 52, of Sheet 8. On
referring to these Figures it will be seen that 9 represents a ring of metal,
supported in this case by the three rollers g', and connected to the loom side by
three links go, formed of leather or other suitable material, which hinge on the
studs g', fixed to the loom side (seen also in Fig. 2), and on the studs g³, fixed
on the ring g. The ring 9 has a handle gs and a catch g³ projecting from it,
which catch bears on the end of the sliding bar do, as shown by red lines in
Fig. 50. So long as the loom continues in regular work the spring g' is fixed
at its upper end to the ring g, and below to a stud projecting from the loom
side; the object of this spring will be explained presently. To the crank
shaft a is fixed a flange a³, which has four or other suitable number of holes
in it through which the studs within the friction cone a pass. Each of these
studs has a coiled spring round it, the tendency of which is to push the friction
cone in a direction from the loom side; the interior of the ring 9 is made to
correspond with the friction cone a³; the driving pulley a¹ is also furnished
with four holes corresponding to projections from the front of the friction
cone a³. From this disposition and arrangement of parts it is evident
that as long as the catch g³ is held up by the sliding bar da, as shewn by
red lines in Fig. 50, the ring 9 will be in the position shewn by dotted
lines in Fig. 51, and the four projections from the front of the friction
cone as will be in the holes made to receive them in the driving pulley a¹º,
the friction cone running freely inside the ring 9; as soon, however, as the
sliding bar d is forced from under the catch g³ the spring g' draws the
ring 9 into the position drawn in black in Fig. 50. At the same time
the straps assume a diagonal position, as seen in Fig. 52, and draw the
ring 9 into contact with the friction cone a³, which is thus made to draw
the projections out of the holes in the driving pulley, and thereby disconnect
the driving power from the parts to be driven, the ring 9 acting as a powerful
brake to arrest the motion of the crank shaft. Before replacing the strap
on the driving pulley the attendant, by means of the handle 9s, turns back the
ring 9 until the sliding bar d³ is drawn by means of a spring for that purpose

page_text: under the projection g'. The position of the ring g when the loom is at work
is clearly shewn in Fig. 3 of Sheet 1, and in dotted lines in Fig. 51 of
Sheet 8, the straps being omitted in Fig. 3. The improved mechanism for
giving the necessary tension to the warp during the beating up of the weft,
and for relaxing the tension whilst the shed is being made, is brought into
operation by the cam a' on the crank shaft a, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2. The
cam a acts upon a roller a³, revolving on a stud fixed in the elbow lever a³,
to the horizontal arm of which is jointed the rod a', and to the pendant arm
is attached one end of the corde, which after being passed in the ordinary
manner a few times round the friction pulley on the warp beam e is attached
to the weight e', the descent of which is limited by striking the floor or
otherwise in such manner that the warp beam shall slip in the cord e³ and
deliver the warp as it is required. The rod a' passes through the two disks
a³ and as, between which is held the coiled spring a'. The screw nut near
the end of the rod a supports the disk a. The forked rod a³, see Fig. 1,
passes through holes in the disks a' and a³, and is secured there by nuts. To
this forked rod is attached one end of a chain a', shown by dotted lines in
Fig. 1. This chain passes partly round and is made fast to the pulley e³,
fixed on the same shaft as the worm wheel e. The shaft of the warp beam h
has an excentric near one end, and from this excentric depends the rod e',
which is opened below and formed into a catch, taking into the teeth of the
ratchet wheel e, to which it imparts a slight motion every turn of the warp
beam. On the same shaft as the ratchet wheel e is fixed the worm e', which
gears into the wheel & above mentioned. It will be seen that by drawing
down the forked rod as the disk a³ will compress the spring a' and increase
the pressure on the warp beam through the agency of the rod a', lever a³, and
cord, and as the cam a¹ is set on the shaft a in such a position that
it depresses the horizontal arm of the elbow lever a³ when the weft is being
driven home, it is evident that the warp will be tightened at that moment.
The cam a¹ is so shaped that as soon as the lay begins to return the warp is
again slackened to allow the shed to be formed. Now as it is desirable that
the tension of the warp should be the same whatever be the diameter of the
beam, the tension of the spring a' should be adjusted to suit the beam when
full. This is effected by turning the worm e' by means of a handle put on
the squared end of its shaft, consequently as the warp beam decreases in
diameter the tension of the spring a' is proportionably decreased in the ful-
lowing manner-At every revolution of the warp beam the excentric on its
shaft is made to unwind a small portion of the chain a' by the agency of the
pendent rode, ratchet wheel e, worm e, and worm wheel c, before men-

page_text: tioned. By these means the tension of the spring a' is diminished to suit the
decreasing diameter of the warps on the beam. I wish to remark, that the
number of teeth in the ratchet wheel & may be varied to suit different warps.
My improved "temples for keeping the web distended in the loom are shown
in Figs. 2 and 3 of Sheet 1, and the mode of constructing them is more fully
shewn in Figs. 58, 54, and 55, of Sheet 8. To the breast beam of the loom
are fixed the plates f, see Figs. 3 and 53, and upon studs in the plates f
the links are jointed. To these links are jointed the pieces f, which
have a socket at one end, into which the swivel disks fare held, and
from each of these disks projects the concentric stud f* and excentric stud f".
The object of the swivel on the disks f is to adapt the angle of the temple
to the fabric. Upon the concentric studs are mounted the disks f*, the
outer circumference of which is provided with any suitable number of parallel
notches, and on the excentric studs are mounted the disks f', which have
holes near their circumferences corresponding in number to the notches in the
disks f. The needle-pointed wires shewn in Figs. 54 and 55 move freely in
the holes in the disks f, and are guided by the notches in the disks f". In
Figures 3 and 54, 9" represents the fabric, and in referring to the latter
Figure it will be apparent that the disks and pins forming the temples aro set
at such an angle with regard to the fabric that when once the selvages are
caught hold of by the pins they cannot slip off, and as the disks f and fare
excentric one to the other, the pins are entered into and withdrawn from the
fabric in nearly parallel lines, the disks being carried round by the advance of
the fabric. The pins when in the fabric are supported by the plate f8, fixed
to the disc f. The diameters of the disks are so proportioned to each other
that the pins are nearly equidistant at the level of the fabric. The springs
f shown in Figs. 3 and 53 press the links f¹ against the stop pins f¹º and
allow the temples to yield when the tension of the cloth is relaxed by the
beating up of the lay. The position of the plates f must be adjusted to suit
the width of fabric that is being woven. The picking apparatus, the tappets
for forming the shed, and various other parts requisite to make the loom
complete, being unnecessary to the explanation of my Invention, are omitted on
the Drawing, as they are well understood by persons conversant with weaving.
I will now proceed to describe some of my improvements in looms for
weaving fabrics requiring two or more shuttles, and in the apparatus for
moving the cards and the needles of the Jacquard machine either forward or
backward, according to the motion of the loom. These improvements are
shewn in Sheet 2 of the Drawings in Figs. 7 and 8. a represents the
crank shaft of a loom to which the requisite apparatus for moving a drop

page_text: box with six shuttles is applied. 6 is the tappet shaft. c a portion of
the lay bottom, and c¹ the picking stick. is the shaft or centre to which the
lay swords are fixed, commonly called the fiddlestick. d is the Jacquard
prism, commonly called the "cylinder," seen best in Fig. 10. This prism
revolves in bearings made in the sliding frame d', and has an intermittent
wheel d' with six slots in it fixed near one end of the prism. The disk d³ is
fixed on the shaft d', also working in bearings in the sliding frame d; the disk
has a pin projecting from it which takes into the slots in the intermittent
wheel d³, consequently every revolution of the disk d³ imparts the sixth of a
revolution to the prism d, in whichever direction the disk may be revolving.
The disk has a projection from its circumference, answering the purpose of
a cam, which, by acting against the anti-friction roller d³, moves the sliding
frame d¹ towards the loom at each revolution of the disk, the frame being
brought back again by a spring or by a weighted cord passing over a pulley.
The requisite revolving motion is communicated to the shaft d' by bevil
wheels from the tappet shaft 6 or in any other convenient way. The needles
e are acted upon by the cards in the ordinary manner, and each needle has an
eye through which the draw hooks f pass. The draw hooks are acted upon
by the sliding rod g, seen best in Fig. 7, which has a continuous up and down
motion (equal to the greatest distance the drop box k has to move) imparted
to it by the tappet b' on the shaft b; this tappet acts on the lever b² which is
connected to the sliding rod g by the link g'. The needles e pass through and
are supported by the guide plates e³. The T-headed lever h works upon a
stud h; this lever is furnished below with a projecting end, on which the
spring h² is attached, and this spring being fixed to a stud projecting from the
loom side, draws the upper end of the lever towards the Jacquard machine.
To the back of the lever h is attached a loop of wire h, through which the
draw hook h* passes. The upper end of this draw hook is elevated at every
revolution of the tappet shaft by the piece l, the lower end of which is jointed
to the lever from which descends a rod P, represented by a red line, and the
lower end of the rod is moved by a tappet on the shaft b. The red line h*.
represents a cord attached to the draw hook h', which is guided by the pulleys
7 to the lever h', projecting from one of the catches h³; these catches are
both fixed on a cross shaft, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The back of the drop
box k is provided with two rows of six notches, into which the catches h³
enter. The spring c, fixed to the lay bottom, bears against one of the
catches h³, and pushes them into the notches of the drop box after they have
been withdrawn by the cord h. The drop box ke slides up and down on the
two rods c³, which are fixed below to the plate c, fixed on the end of the cross

page_text: shaft or fiddlestick c³, and above to a plate fixed to the lay bottom; near the
lower extremity of the back of the drop box is attached a stud k¹, from which
a cord i is taken upwards over the guide pulley ³, and then under the pulley
; and to the same stud is attached another cord i³, passing under the guide
pulley. To each of the draw hooks fis attached a cord f, which, after
passing under one of the pulleys f*, is divided into 2 cords f, at the point
f, the ends of which are respectively attached to the cords i and . In like
manner each of the draw hooks f is attached to the cords i and t. In tying
up these cords it is necessary to place the drop box k in the required position,
then to elevate the corresponding draw hook f to its highest position, and then
to unite the ends of the cords i and with the cord f¹, by means of the cords
f*, which must be drawn tight. As the cords f* will vary in length according
to the draw hook to which they belong, it is requisite to keep those which are
not in operation in a state of tension, and this is effected by each pair being
attached to an elastic band f, one of which is attached by its ends to each
pair of cords f, which pass over the pulleys f", as seen in Figs. 7 and 8.
The various movements of the mechanism for changing the position of the
drop box take place in the following order :-When the card of the Jacquard
acts on any one of the needles e the hook his hooked on the piece l, and the
rod is drawn downwards by the tappet on the tappet shaft before mentioned; by
this means the piece / elevates the draw hook h, and through the cord h³ draws
the catches h³ from the notches in the back of the drop box, and retains them
in that position until the required shuttle has been brought very nearly to a
level with the lay; the tappet 6' then causes the sliding rod 9 to rise, and as
one of the draw hooks f had already been advanced by the action of one of
the needles e, it is evident that the rod g, in rising, will take with it the hook f,
and in so doing the cord f will either elevate or depress the drop box k,
according to the pattern on the card.of the Jacquard. The catches h³ then
drop again into the notches at the back of the drop box k, and retain it
securely until another shuttle is required. The picker m is attached to the
picking stick by a loop of vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic material
passing through the hole m², see Fig. 7.; and by this means the picker will
slide on the race board, notwithstanding the segment described by the picking
stick.
g
In the above described loom I have only shown such parts as are necessary
to illustrate my improvements. ⚫ .
In Figs. 11 and 12 of Sheet 2 I have shown my improved taking up
motion, as applied to a loom for weaving narrow fabrics. In these views A is
the iron portion of the breast beam, and A' a portion of it made of

page_text: wood. The red line B is the woven fabric, which, after passing over the
breast beam, is taken under the roller C and over the taking-up roller D,
from whence it is allowed to drop into any suitable receptacle. The top
rollers D' and D³ give the requisite pressure to the fabric when it is passing
over the taking-up roller. The roller C revolves on a stud fixed near the
end of a lever C¹; the fulcrum of which is the shaft C³. It is necessary to
remark, that only one lever is shewn in the plan view, but there must
be a separate lever for every piece of narrow fabric that is being woven
in the loom. C³ is a weight, which may be set in any convenient position
on the lever C, to suit the fabric under operation. E is a roller extending
from one side of the loom to the other. A cord or band F passes round
the the roller E, and gives motion to the rollers C and D, by taking
into grooves made to receive it at one side of the rollers; or in place of
the cord F, a fillet may be passed under the web, if found more
convenient. The peculiar feature of novelty in this taking-up motion
is, that if the fabric is slack the roller C will descend, and consequently the
groove near it will press on the cord F and lighten it, thereby giving the full
speed to the roller D, which will take up the slack; but if the fabric is too
tight, the groove beside the roller C will be raised partially off the cord F,
and the cord by being slack will slip on the roller E until the roller C again
assumes its proper position.
In Figs. 13 and 14 of Sheet 8, I have shewn my improvements in
Jacquard machines for working the heddles of looms. In these views m is
the Jacquard prism, the journals of which revolve in the sliding blocks m²,
fitting in slots in the brackets m²; the sliding blocks m¹ also support the
shaft n, near each extremity of which is fixed a cam n' acting against the
anti-friction rollers nº; one of the cams n'is cast with a flange, and has a
pin projecting from it for giving motion to the intermittent wheel m³ on the
shaft of the Jacquard prism. The bevel wheel n³ on the shaft n is put in
motion from the tappet shaft or any other convenient part of the loom, and
performs one revolution for every revolution of the crank shaft. As the
Jacquard prism moves forward, it brings the card in contact with the needles
o, which are supported by the two plates o'. The needles o have a loop
made in each of them, through which the draw hooks p are passed; these
draw hooks are bent upwards at their lower extremities, and connected to the
levers p¹ by a cord p², as shewn by a red line. r is a cross bar actuated by a
cam on the tappet shaft to return the heddles to the neutral position prepara-
tory to the next change of card. The jack levers p' are connected to the
levers p¹ by cords p', only one of which is shown in the Drawing, and the

page_text: heddles are suspended from the jack levers in the ordinary manner. There are
in the levers p' as many holes as there are heddles in the loom, and in con-
necting these levers with the jack levers p³ by the cords p', each pair of levers
is tied
up in a different pair of holes, so as to form an even shed. When the
card of the Jacquard machine advances it pushes forward all those draw hooks
that are not required to form the upper portion of the shed; and the sliding
bar q, to which an up-and-down motion is given from the tappet shaft by any
of the ordinary means, draws down with it those hooks that are not displaced
by the Jacquard; and at the same time the bar 7 being allowed to rise by the
cam that actuates it, the lower portion of the shed is formed by the action of
the springs p and cords po, as will be explained hereafter. After each eleva-
tion of the heddles they are returned to the neutral position by elastic bands
p, or other suitable springs attached to the framing at one end, and to the
cords p³ at the other end, and the depressed heddles are returned to the neutral
position by the descent of the bar r, as before described.
In Figs. 15 and 16 I have shewn another modification of my improvements
in Jacquard machines for working the heddles of looms. In these views S is
a shaft, upon which are fixed the plates S', being in this instance ten-sided
polygons answering the purpose of an ordinary Jacquard prism over which the
cards pass. The shaft S is furnished at one end with an intermittent wheel,
and is moved to and fro by cams, in the same manner as has been already.
described with reference to Figs. 13 and 14. The card of the Jacquard
instead of acting upon needles, as in ordinary Jacquard machines, acts upon
the bell cranked levers t and t'; these levers are coupled together by the links
t, the upper ends of which are connected to the jack levers and the lower
ends to the levers t' by the cords to. The cards employed for this modification
of Jacquard machinery are furnished with slot holes, as seen in Fig. 17, into
which slot holes the segmental-shaped ends of the bell-cranked levers t and t¹
enter when required. The horizontal arms of each pair of bell cranked levers
are made of different lengths, as seen in Fig. 16, thereby elevating or
depressing the heddles to the requisite amount for forming an even shed. It
is evident that if there be a hole in the card corresponding to the lever
there must be a blank corresponding to the lever t, in which case when the
Jacquard prism advances the link will be elevated and the longer arm of
the lever to depressed, and in like manner when the position of the hole in the
card is reversed the contrary action will take place. The levers t and t¹
are brought back to their original positions at every return of the Jacquard
prism by means of the plate to attached to the sliding bearings of the shafts,
or it may be worked by a cam if found more convenient.

page_text: The foregoing descriptions refer to my improvements in machinery for
weaving plain and figured fabrics, and I will now proceed to describe my
improvements in machinery for weaving terry or looped fabrics, which latter
improvements are particularly applicable to the manufacture of various descrip-
tions of carpets. In Sheets 4, 5, and 6 I have shown a loom for weaving what
is commonly called tapestry carpet, that is to say, a carpet in which the figure
warp is printed before, or the piece printed after it is woven.
In Figs. 19
and 28, a is the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; a', the connecting rods
jointed to the supplementary lay swords; c and c¹ are links coupling the
supplementary lay swords c to the lay swords c. One advantage obtained 1
by giving motion to the lay by short connecting rods is, that by this means
the lay remains almost in a state of rest during the time the crank is per-
forming one third of a revolution, thereby giving time for the insertion of the
wire and the weft. Another advantage is, that this partial suspension of the
motion of the lay in one part of the revolution of the crank produces a corre
sponding acceleration at the time of beating up the weft. d and d' are the warp
beams for the foundation warps, and d' the beam for the figure warp f. f' and
fare guide rollers for the warps. h are the shedding tappets. h the tappet
levers, and i the jack levers of the ordinary construction for forming the sheds.
9
is the picking stick to which motion may be given by any suitable means.
k is the breast roller furnished with steel pins, in order to take firm hold of the
carpet. ' is a bar over which the carpet is conducted before it goes to the
cloth beam or winding-on roller l.
Having now enumerated the principal parts composing this loom, I will
describe more particularly my various improvements applied thereto. The
warp beams d, d', and d are all of the improved construction shown in
section in Fig. 49 of Sheet 8. Each warp beam is composed of a sheet
of iron d³, bent into the cylindrical form, the ends of the plate being left
about half an inch asunder, as seen in Fig. 49*, to admit of the insertion
of the rod to which the end of the warp is secured, the said rod being held in :
its place by the square filling-up piece d". The sheet iron d' is secured
to the circular blocks ds by screws having countersunk heads. The blocks are
bored out to admit the shaft d", and the end blocks are turned to receive the
flanges d' which are held in their places by the bolts d°. To the flanges d'are
rivetted the taper or conical studs d', and near one end of the shaft of the
warp beam is fixed the friction pulley do, which is furnished with projections.
for the studs d to bear against. Loose on the other end of the shaft of the
warp beam is a similar friction pulley, which is carried round by the studs d'
on the other flange d'. This description of warp beam is particularly appli-

page_text: cable to carpeting and other heavy goods, as it admits of a very strong shaft
while in the loom, and occupies comparatively little space when stowed away
without the shaft. As considerable difficulty is experienced in placing the
beamed warps in the loom, owing to their great weight, I propose to facilitate
the operation in the following manner:-The shaft n, see Fig. 19, which
turns in bearings in the loom sides, is furnished at each end with a square
to receive a winch handle, and with a barrel to which a rope is attached.
These ropes are passed over the pulleys n',.and looped on the ends of the
shaft of the beam to be placed in the loom. The shaft ends.are necked a little,
as seen in Figs. 28 and 49, to prevent the ropes slipping off.
I have already described, in reference to Figs. 1 and 2, a combination of
mechanism for giving the requisite tension to the warp during the time the
weft is being driven home, and for relaxing the tension whilst the shed is being
made, I will now describe another arrangement of parts for effecting the same
object. On the .crank shaft a is keyed the tappet at which acts on the anti-
friction roller of the elbow lever a³×, see Fig. 27*, the lower arm of which is
connected to the elbow lever a' by the link a'. The lever a moves freely
on the cross bar or shaft Z. The lower end of the lever ax is made with
a hole to receive the end of the screw m³, and the front or eye plate
of the bow spring m, seen best in Fig. 29, is attached to the screw m¹
by a pin the other end of the screw m¹ is furnished with an eye for
the reception of the cord m³, which is carried a few times round the friction
pulley of the warp beam d, and to the end of which is attached a small
weight in the ordinary manner. The tappet a must be fixed in such a
position on the crank shaft a that when the weft is being driven home the
lever a* is at its greatest elevation. By this means the cord m³ is tightened,
and the requisite tension imparted to the warp when the weft is struck home.
The other end of the spring m, see Figs. 28 and 29, is connected to the rope
passing round the other friction pulley of the warp beam d by the eye m³. Tho
plates.forming the spring m are connected together by the hoop or bridle m*,
to which is attached the screw m". This screw is screwed into the boss of the
worm wheel me, which is turned round as the beam diminishes,in diameter, in
the following manner:-Near the end of the shaft of the warp beam d is an
excentric, as seen in Fig. 49 of Sheet 8, on which fits the forked end of the
5 rod d, the other of which is furnished with a catch taking into the teeth of
the ratchet wheel d10, as seen by the dotted lines in Fig. 19. This ratchet
wheel is fixed on a shaft m7, and on the same shaft is fixed the worm m³,
which takes into the worm wheel me before mentioned. The boss of this worm
wheel bears against the carrier o, seen in Fig. 29, attached to the stretcher o¹
R

page_text: and thereby retains the spring. When the warp beam d is full the spring m
is in its state of greatest tension, as shewn in Fig. 29. As the beam revolves
by the unwounding of the warp the excentric on its shaft gives motion to the
ratchet wheel d, and thereby to the worm m, which unscrews the worm
wheel m³, and relaxes the spring m in proportion to the decreasing diameter of
the warps, the number of teeth in the ratchet wheel d" having been adjusted
. to suit the warp under operation. The warp beam d' is provided with a
.similar arrangement for giving the requisite tension to the warp during the
beating up of the weft, but the warp beam d' is only provided with the
requisite parts for diminishing the tension, according to the decreasing diameter
of the warp, as extra tension is not required in the figure warp during the
beating up. In this instance the heddles are so arranged, that when a wire is
required.to be deposited in the fabric, two sheds are formed simultaneously, as
shown in Fig. 19; the upper one for the wire and the lower for the weft.
My improved machinery for placing the wire in the shed consists of the
following pieces :-Upon the tappet shaft b are fixed two tappets, and b³,
shewn in Fig. 28, which impart a vibrating motion to the levers p and q, seen
best in Fig. 19. These levers work loose upon the shaft Z. On a pin in the
lower end of the lever p is a pulley p', round which is carried the cord p³, one
end of which is made fast to the loop p. This loop is connected to the
screw p¹ by the piece of vulcanized caoutchouc or other elastic substance, p³.
.The screw p* passes through a bracket fixed to any convenient part of the
framing, and is provided with a nut at each side of the bracket, by which the
tension of the cord p³ is regulated. The other end of the cord, ps, after passing
under the guide pulley p, is carried upwards, and passes over the guide
.pulley p', shown in red in Fig. 19, revolving on a stud fixed in one of the lay
swords. It then passes partly round the pulley c³, revolving on a pin in the
lay top c, and is made fast to a projection rivetted to the lower sliding bar r, as
seen best in Fig. 28. The lever q is in like manner provided with a pulley q¹
for the cord q³, one end of which is made fast to the framing in the same manner
as the cord p. The cord q³ passes under a pulley 98, and is carried upwards
over the pulley g', then partly round the pulley g, revolving on a pin in the
lay top c', and is then made fast to a projection rivetted to the upper sliding
The sliding bars and are also provided with projections on their
front surfaces, and the ends of the cord s' are attached to the said projections.
.This cord s' is carried round the pulley s³, revolving on a pin fixed in the front
plate of the lay top, as seen best in Figs. 18 and 19. When one of the levers porq
is acted upon by the cams on the tappet shaft b, the sliding bars r and s will be
moved in contrary directions, being connected together by the cord s' and to
bar 8.

page_text: the said levers by the cords p and q³, as above described. The amount of
motion imparted to each of the sliding bars and s is equal to rather more
than half the width of the fabric under operation. One end of the bar.r, see
Fig. 18, is bolted to the bracket 7, to the lower end of which is attached the
feeding trough, furnished with an angular groove, as seen in Fig. 19, for
the reception of the wire. To the end of the feeding trough is fixed the
bracket. The upper part of this bracket guides the wire into the feeding
trough, and the lower part of it slides in a groove.in the shuttle box back,
as seen in Fig. 19. The feeding trough passes through a guide, which is
open at the top for the wire to enter attached to the lay sword.c³, as seen in
Fig. 18. Through the upper part of the bracket rpasses the guide rod r.,
fixed at one end to the lay top and at the other to a bracket fixed to the lay
bottom. By these means the lower sliding bar is guided when moving to and
fro in the lay top c. The sliding bars is also bolted to a brackets, the
lower end of which works in a groove in the shuttle box back, seen in Fig. 18,
and to this bracket is fixed the bar s³, the extremity of which forms part of the
nippers for drawing the wire out of the feeding trough across the shed,'
as seen in red in the plan view Fig. 28 and in Fig. 29*. . is a flat rod
which slides on the bar s³, as will be explained hereafter. The rod.s³ is fixed
to the studs, which moves freely in a slot in the bar s². The other end of the
rod passes through the block s, which is screwed to the bars. To the
front of the block 8 is fixed the spring jaw of the nippers markeds, seen best
in Fig. 29*. The nippers are held open while they are entering the shed by
a projection on the rod s³, which bears against the under side of the -spring
jaw s, and when the bar & arrives near the centre of the shed the stud.s
comes against the guide upon the lay sword, by which it is prevented from
going further, whereas the bar continues to advance until the stud
moved along the slot in the said bar for a sufficient distance to draw the
projection on the rod opposite to a hole in the spring jaws, which then
closes, and as at the same time the feeding trough r³ has brought the end of a
wire between the jaws of the nippers until it is arrested by the stop in the
bars, as seen in Fig. 29*, it is evident that when the spring jaw closes the
wire will be caught hold of, and by the return of the pieces in connection with
the feeding trough and nipper rod the wire will be drawn completely
across the shed. When the wire has been drawn across the shed it, is
necessary to let go of it by opening the nippers, and this is effected in the
following manner: To the front of the bar is hinged.a small elbow.lever i',
one end of which passes through a slut in the bars, and the other end bears
against the under side of the spring jaw se, as seen in Fig. 29*. When the
has

page_text: bar s has arrived near the end of its return stroke one arm of the elbow
lever comes in contact with the bearing on the lay sword c, and at the
completion of the stroke the nippers are opened, at which moment the rod
is advanced by the action of the springs, and retained in that position by the
projection at the end of the said rod. The spring s is fixed at one end to the
block s³, and at the other to the rod s³. It will be seen, that by the improved
arrangement above described for partly carrying and partly leading the wire
into the shed, the loom may run at nearly double the speed that it would
admit of if the operation were effected from one side only; another important
advantage of this compound process is, that the stroke being only half
that required by either of the processes alone, the projection of the appa-
ratus beyond the loom side is proportionately reduced. The wires on
which the loops or terries are formed are woven into the fabric in the
ordinary manner, and my improved apparatus for withdrawing them con-
sists of the following parts, which are actuated by the long lever t, shewn
in its highest and lowest positions in Fig. 19. Motion is imparted to this'
lever by a roller revolving on a stud fixed in the plate 63 on the tappet shaft,
and moving in a slot in the lever. To the end of this lever is attached
one end of a cord t¹, see Fig. 18, which passes under the guide pulley t³,
over the pulley, on a stud fixed to the rail t, and then attached to
one end of the open link t of the toggle joint of the drawing-out pincers,
shewn on an enlarged scale in the detached Figs. 20 and 22. To the
other end of this open link of the toggle joint is fixed the end of the cord to;
which passes over the pulley &, then over the pulley ³, and is made fast
to the lever t. To the centre of the open link to of the toggle joint are hinged
the links u' and u², the latter of which moves on a stud fixed in the sliding
carriage u, and the former is hinged to the longer arm of the under jaw u³ of
the pincers. The upper jaw of the pincers is fixed to the carriage u. In
Fig. 18 the pincers are shown in the position they occupy when they have
drawn a wire out of the fabric by the action of the cord t. During the
drawing out of the wire the upright rods have been elevated so that the
guides at the tops of them may be ready to lift the wire out of the pincers
as soon as they relax their hold. When the sliding carriage u is in the
position shewn in Fig. 18 the lever t is in the position shewn in black in
Fig. 19. As soon as the lever t begins to move downwards the cord to draws
the toggle joint against the banking pin shown in Fig. 20 on the carriage,
thereby opens the pincers and liberates the wire, which is then lifted by the
inclined surface of the pieces v', down which the wire rolls until arrested by
the lip at the bottom of the incline. The wire is then lifted to the requisite

page_text: height for allowing the guides attached to the feeding trough r³, and to the
bracket on the lay sword to pass under it as the lay comes up to the cloth.
The rods then descend and deposit the wire raised by them on the guides of
the feeding trough and bracket on the lay sword down which it rolls and is
received in the feeding trough. During the above-described operation of
depositing the wire in the feeding trough the carriage u continues its progress
towards the selvage for drawing another wire out of the fabric. The vertical
rods v are put in motion by a cam on the tappet shaft, acting against a roller
on the lever *, which oscillates on the shaft Z, and to the lower extremity of
the lever v³ is jointed the rod v³, the other end of which is connected to the
lever v', fixed on the shaft . .On this shaft are also fixed the two bent
levers, from which descend the links, jointed below to the adjustable
bosses fixed to the vertical rods v, thereby imparting the requisite up and
down motion to the said rods, which are guided by carriers attached to the
framing. The improved apparatus for oiling the wires. is attached to the
back of the rail t', see Fig. 18, and consists of a spring, supporting the
hoop &, in which is a sponge saturated with oil. When the carriage u arrives
near the selvage of the carpet a pin projecting from it lifts the spring v³, and
raises the oiling sponge clear of the pincers, and when the carriage u returns
with the wire the spring presses the oily sponge upon the wire whilst
the same is being drawn out of the fabric. My improved mechanism for
taking up the fabric and for regulating the advance of the wires to within
reach of the withdrawing pincers is seen best in Fig. 19. On the shaft of the
taking-up roller k is fixed a spur wheel ₁, gearing into the pinion l², on the
boss of which is fixed the ratchet wheel . This wheel receives its motion
from the weighted click, which moves freely on a stud near the end of
the lever. The lever k³ is fixed. on the same shaft as the lever k³, which
is actuated by the excentric *, on the tappet shaft b, through the excentric
rod 6. At the end of the lever is a stud that works in a slot in the rod b. To
the back of the rail t' are fixed the bearings of a short shaft, to which are
attached the feeling lever k³, and the stop lever . The lever bears against
the wire about to be drawn out of the fabric, and as long as this wire continues
to be advanced to its right position to be laid hold of by the pincers, the lever k³
keeps the point of the lever k in a line with the middle step of the lever ko,
5 and the catch d' continues to take up two teeth of the ratchet wheel for
every revolution of the tappet shaft. In the event of the fabric advancing
too much, the first wire, by acting on, the lever ³, raises the point of the
lever in line with the upper step of the lever e, consequently, on the next
move of the excentric &, the lever, having been stopped by the lever k³, the
O action of the catch is limited to one tooth of the ratchet wheel ³, and thereby

page_text: the quantity of fabric taken up is diminished. If, on the other hand, the fabric
does not advance fast enough the first wire will allow the lever k³to fall towards
the lay and the lever k³ to be brought in a line with the lowest step of the lever
78, so that at the next move of the excentric 6 the catch takes up three
teeth of the ratchet wheel, thereby increasing the quantity of fabric taken up.
The slot in the end of the excentric rod 6 is to admit of the lever moving
through more or less space according as the taking up requires. The requisite
motion is given to the cloth beam by the pinion ³, which gears into an
intermediate wheel l', gearing into the friction wheel 7, loose on the shaft of
the cloth beam. The proper amount of friction is given to the wheel by
the disk, shewn in section in Fig. 18; this disk is fitted on a square near the
end of the shaft of the cloth beam, and between it and the friction wheel is a
washer of wood or other suitable material. The disk is tightened up against
the washer by the wing screw nut , which imparts sufficient friction for
winding up the fabric as it is delivered by the taking-up roller. As it is
desirable from time to time to ascertain how many yards of the fabric are
wound on the cloth beam, I have applied the following apparatus for measuring
and registering the web as it is woven, this apparatus is also applicable to
looms for weaving other fabrics. To one end of the taking-up roller k is
fixed the wheel w seen in Fig. 18, gearing into a wheel w¹ fixed on the same
shaft as the worm w; this worm takes into teeth projecting from the back of
the dial plate w³, the front of which is set out into any convenient number of
divisions; w' is a pointer fixed to the end of the stud on which the dial plate
revolves. The diameter of the taking-up roller k, the number of teeth in the
wheels wand w³, and the number of projections from the back of the dial
plate w³ must be so calculated, that every division on the dial plate shall indi-
cate a yard or some other definite measure. By this arrangement, every time
the taking-up roller turns round it gives motion to the wheel w' and to the dial
plate, thereby indicating the number of yards on the cloth beam. The motions
of this loom are arrested by an apparatus consisting of a friction ring and cone,
very similar to the one previously described with reference to the Figures 2, 3,
50, 51 and 52, the principal difference being that in this case the fly wheel is
keyed on the crank shaft and the driving pulley only is disengaged when the
loom is stopped. The friction ring g, see Fig. 28, is supported upon two
rollers, and connected to the loom side by three links, as in the former case.
One of the studs on the ring g is prolonged to bear upon the sliding bar y,
and answers the same purpose as the catch g³ in Fig. 51. The friction cone
a³ is loose on the crank shaft, and from it project two studs passing through
holes in the boss of the fly wheel which is keyed on the crank shaft. The
driving pulley a is loose upon the shaft, and is furnished with projections

page_text: which come in contact with the ends of the studs in the friction cone a³, when
it is forced outwards by a spring coiled round the boss of thes same, and bearing
against a collar on the crank shaft. The strap guide y' swivels upon the link
y and elbow lever y³, which are supported by the bracket y', and therefore the
strap guide moves in a parallel direction. The rod y is jointed at one end to
one arm of the elbow lever y³, and at the other end to the ordinary spring
starting lever, which is now supposed to have been moved out of the retaining
notch in the piece y' by the inclined plane at the end of the sliding bar y and'
to have moved the strap on to the loose pulley. The restarting of the loom
is effected thus, the workman turns back the ring 9 until the links connecting
it with the frame side are nearly at right angles with it, and the sliding bar y
is, by the action of a spring, drawn under the prolonged stud mentioned above.
During the above operation the friction cone a³ is forced by the spring coiled
around its boss against the fly wheel, and the projections on the driving
The brake is
pulley come against the ends of the studs of the friction cone.
then disengaged, and in order to start the loom it is only necessary that the'
workman should put the spring starting lever into the retaining notch at the
end of the groove, and thereby the strap on the driving pulley. The stopping'
apparatus is brought into operation, in the event of the shuttle failing to box, in
the following manner :-To the sliding bar y is fixed the study which supports
a hooked balance lever y' answering the purpose of the "frog," and similar in
its construction to the one marked d" in Fig. 2. When the shuttle fails to
box the frog finger on the stopping shaft comes in contact with the hooked
balance lever y', and thereby moves the sliding bar y, and simultaneously
releases the ring g and the spring starting lever.
In sheets 4, 5, and 6, of the accompanying Drawings several parts of the
loom for weaving Wilton and other cut piled fabrics, which are not particularly
described, are introduced for the purpose of shewing the application of my
present improvements. I have above described, with reference to the detached
Figs. 20 and 22, only one mode of constructing the pincers for drawing the
wires out of the terries, but various other modifications may be employed to
answer the same purpose, as, for instance, in Fig. 21 the fulcrum of the lower
jaw is at a and the toggle joint immediately under the jaw. In Figs. 23 and
24 the pull of the cord opens or closes the pincers by its action on the elbow
lever, the fulcrum of which is fixed to the carriage, and its horizontal arm
connected with the lower jaw of the pincers by the link a. In Figs. 25 and
26 the piece forms the upper jaw of the pincers, and is furnished at its
upper and lower side with a projection to which the screws a' are fitted, the
screws being 'provided with conical points that take into holes in the carriage,

page_text: and form fulcra for the pincers to swivel upon literally. a is the lower
jaw of the pincers, the toggle joint, and a the open link by which it is
connected with the cords t¹ and to. This peculiar construction of pincers,
owing to the screws 2 being out of the line of draught, has the advantage of
a lateral motion, by which its jaws are made to pass the end of the wire as
they approach the selvage, and to close upon the wire by the action of the
cord t', notwithstanding any little irregularity in the advance of the fabric, and
consequently of the wire, the piece a³, in every variety of these pincers, by
coming against the side of the wire, prevents the pincers taking hold of more
than one wire. In Figs. 20, 21, and 23, the upper jaw of the pincers is fixed
to the sliding carriage, but if made with a swivel jaw; as shewn in Fig. 27, it
would adapt itself to wires of different sizes.
Having now described my improvements in machinery for weaving terry or
looped fabrics, I proceed to describe, with reference to the various Figures on
Sheet 7, my improved machinery for weaving double or twin fabrics, which,
when cut asunder, form piled goods, such as Wilton carpets.
.
In Fig. 30: a is the crank shaft, 6 the tappet shaft; a' are the connecting
rods jointed to the supplementary lay swords; c and c' are links for connecting
the lay swords c to the lay swords &; d and d'are the beams containing the
warps for forming the foundation of the upper piece of fabric, and the "dandy"
beam which contains the "filling," when that is inserted as warp; d² and d³ are
the warp beams for the foundation of the lower piece of fabric, and e¹ the beam
for the filling; f is the framing of the creel, and f¹ the bobbins containing the
figure warp or different colored yarns required to form the pile of the carpet;
g represents one of the brackets for supporting the five glass rods g', by which
the figure warps are conducted to the harness; g³ are four other glass rods
attached to the frame of the creel to guide the figure warp. In my improved
Jacquard the draw hooks are made of such different lengths that when they
are lifted by a horizontal sliding frame they raise the required portion of the
figure warp by successive steps until an even shed, is made, and thereby
obviate in some measure the difficulty of forming the shed. h is the
framing of the Jacquard machine, and he is the Jacquard prism, which is
moved to and fro in the manner before described in reference to Figures 8
and 9. are the draw hooks, and h² the cross rails of the sliding frame,
which has an up and down motion imparted to it by a cam on the shaft 6,
through the medium of the lever 6', rod h³, lever h*, and rod h³, as shewn in
the Drawing. By the use of the double elbow in the draw hooks of the
above described Jacquard, which are similar to those shown in Fig. 8, the
spiral springs ordinarily employed to return the needles to the card are

page_text: dispensed with. The bars i and i are the breast beams for the twin fabrics.
¹ is a taking-up roller, and a guide bar under which the upper piece of
fabric passes to the cloth beam . is the roller for taking up the lower
piece of fabric; *, the guide bar, and to, the cloth beam. k is a sliding bar
forming part of the apparatus for cutting the twin fabrics asunder, which
apparatus is drawn detached in Figures 44, 45, and 46. And I will here
remark, that I propose not only to cut twin fabrics asunder in the loom, but
also to apply my cutting apparatus to a machine for dividing the fabrics after
they are removed from the loom, by which a considerable saving in the cost
of the apparatus will be effected, as one machine will cut the produce of
many looms. When the cutting apparatus is not applied to the loom the
rollers and and guide bar are dispensed with. 1, 1, represent the
shafts of the shed clearers, one of which is supposed to be above and the
other below the warps in fixed bearings; but it may be found desirable.to
make the bearings recede from each other as the shed is being made, and
vice versa. The clearing plates are made of thin metal in the form of a
sickle, as shawn detached in Fig. 30*, in which the shaft is supposed to be a
seven-sided prism, on which the sickle plates are put successively, two of the
sides in advance of each other. The clearers are made to revolve rather
rapidly, and the sickles are arranged as before stated, so that they may pass
through the warps with facility. It may in some cases be preferable for
effecting the same object to use one or more supplementary reeds, to which a
rapid reciprocating or other motion is given, instead of employing the clearers
shown on the shafts 1, 1, or the clearers 1, 1, may be used at one side of the
"mounting" and a reed at the other. As there are in this instance six warp
beams shewn for producing the double fabric suitable for Wilton or other cut
piled carpets, I have combined the action of the mechanism for giving tension
to the warps during the beating up of the weft in the following manner :-
On the crank shaft a is a cam acting on the anti-friction roller of the lever a³,
near the extremity of which is jointed the upright bar a³. This bar is jointed
above to the elbow lever a', and below to the elbow lever at. The six springs
m are similar in their construction and application to those more particularly
described with reference to Fig. 29 of Sheet 6, and are each connected to one
of the warp beams by a cord represented by a red line. The three
springs are in connection with the elbow lever a', by the rod m' and levers
m², and the three lower ones are connected with the elbow lever a, by the
rod m³ and levers m'; consequently, when the lever a³ is depressed at the
moment of striking home the weft, the rods m² and m³ are drawn in the
directions of the arrrows, and thereby give the requisite tension to the cords
upper

page_text: passing round the friction pulleys on the warp beams. The various rollers'
for guiding the warps to the harness of the loom, and the pulleys for guiding
the cords from the friction pulleys on the warp beams to the levers m³ and m",
are clearly shewn in the Drawing, and therefore do not require to be
particularly described.
My improved method of weighting the figure warp will be seen on an en-
larged scale with reference to Figs. 47 and 48 of Sheet 8. In these views fis
a part of the framing of the creel, and f¹ the bobbins, which revolve upon
wires in the ordinary manner. There are two bobbins on each wire, and in
one of the flanges of each bobbin is turned a groove for the cord f³ to pass
two or three times round. These cords have each a weight f³ attached to
one end and a counterweight f* to the other. The counterweights are also
attached to the hooks f³ by the cords f*;' consequently as the yarn is drawn
off the bobbin the weight f³ ascends, and the counterweight f* descends until
so much of its weight is borne by the cord f* as to cause the cord ƒ³ by the
tension of the warp to the slip on the bobbin. By this arrangement the
variation in the tension of the figure warp will be limited to that produced
by the difference in the relative diameters of the full and empty bobbin.
:
The improved cutting apparatus which I apply to this loom is drawn in
plan in Fig. 31, and on an enlarged scale in plan and section in Figs. 44 and
45 of Sheet 8. In these views i, i, are the breast beams and k the tube, to
which the cutter and the apparatus for drawing the wires out are attached.
The lower breast beam i is lengthened out beyond the loom side and is
furnished with a groove serving as a guide for the piece k' attached to the
sliding bar k; this bar is supported in the swivel bearings or carriers ³, at the
lower side of which are studs taking into holes in the links ³, and these links
are jointed to projections from the breast beam i. Under the bar k is a link
k', shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 31, for connecting the swivel bearings ³.
The circular cutter n revolves in bearings fixed to the bar k, to which is also
fixed the piece ³, the projecting end of which is formed of a suitable shape :
to catch the head of the flat wires shown full size in Figs. 32. These wires
are furnished with an eye similar to those used in looms for weaving by hand,
as shown in Figs. 32 and 32"; but when wires which are stepped, as shown in
Figs. 37, 37, and 37%, are used, I employ wires bent, as shown in Fig. 32b,
as will be explained herein-after. In Fig. 31 the cutter is shown in the
position it occupies when the apparatus is ready to be drawn across the shed,
and the necessary motion for drawing the cutter through the shed is imparted
by means of an apparatus similar to that already described with reference to
Sheets 4, 5, and 6 for withdrawing the wires. The circular cutter n is'

page_text: sharpened by the grinders o, seen best in Fig. 46. These grinders revolve in*
bearings attached to the breast beam i, and motion is imparted to them and'
to the cutter n by the cord p' passing over a pulley on the crank shaft, or any
other convenient part of the loom, round the double grooved pulley p, from
which it passes over the guide pulley n' on the bearing of the circular cutter,'
then round a pulley on the spindle of the cutter, and round the guide pulley
n2, from whence it passes over the pulley p³ and returns again round the pulley
p to the driving pulley. The grinders are set in motion by a crossed band
passing round the upper groove of the double grooved pulley p; as seen best'
in Fig. 44. The upper bearing of the circular cutter n is furnished with a'
wedge-formed piece, seen in Fig. 44, which takes into a notch in the end of
the wire to guide the cutter. When the pieces above described are in the
positions shown in Fig. 31, the cutter has, by the advance of the tube & in the
direction of the arrow, been brought into the notch at the end of the wire,"
and by its rotation cuts asunder the figure warp, the wire being at the same
time drawn out of the fabric by the piece catching hold of the head of the
wire. It is evident that by this arrangement the cutting and drawing out of
the wires are effected simultaneously. When the wire has been drawn out of
the fabric by the piece e, in the manner above described, it is deposited by a
modification of the apparatus shown in Sheets 4, 5, and 6, in the inserting
trough, which is represented in three different views at Figs. 34, 34b, and
34°, the red lines in which Figs. show the position of the wire. The trough
is made of two pieces of wood united together below by a thin metal plate,"
upon which the eye of the wire rests; the other end of the wire is supported'
by a slight spring, which yields so as to allow the
wire is drawn out of the trough by the nippers.
drawn across the fabric by the tube k, the stud k
swivel bearings is held against the set screw ; but, as soon as the tube /
begins to move in the contrary direction to the arrow, the friction in the joints
of the links causes the swivel bearings k³ to move with the tube, antil the'
stud comes in contact with the set screw k³; by this means the cutter is
held clear of the fabric during the return stroke, and the piece k is withdrawn
from the wire, which is consequently at liberty to drop into the feeding appa-
ratus. The set screws and ³ are screwed through brackets fixed to the"
locm side. When the tube k has arrived at the end of its traverse in the
contrary direction to the arrow, the cutter n comes between the two grinders o
and remains in contact with them during the time that the crank which gives
motion to the tube is turning over its centre, which affords sufficient time for
sharpening the cutter. The next motion in parted to the tube k causes the-
said eye to pass when the'
While the cutter is being
projecting from one of the

page_text: swivel bearings ³ to move again with the tube until the stud k comes in
contact with the set screw k², and by so doing brings the cutter again
into the notch of the wire, and ready to cut the figure warp, as before described.
I wish to remark, that this loom is also applicable to the weaving of Brussels
carpets or other looped fabrics, when a single piece is woven.
In Fig. 33 of Sheet 7 I have shown my improved method of forming a race
for the shuttle in the upper shed when two shuttles are used. In this view A
is the lower shuttle, working as usual on the shuttle race B; and C is the
upper shuttle, which is supported while going through the upper shed by the
curved teeth of the comb D. This comb is attached to the levers D', fixed to
the shaft D, near one end of which is fixed a lever D³, with an anti-friction
roller bearing against the inclined plane D'. E and F are the guide rollers for
conducting the warps to the reed G; and H is the upper part of the lay, to
which are jointed the lay swords Hand H³, the latter of which is driven by
the connecting rod I from the crank shaft K. The sheds are now supposed to
be open, and each shuttle in its shed. When the lay advances towards the
cloth, the roller at the end of the lever D³, by running down the inclined plane
D', withdraws the comb from the shed during the beating up of the weft, and
when the lay is returning the comb falls into its former position, ready to
support the shuttle at the next pick. The above arrangement of an upper in
addition to the ordinary shuttle race renders the loom capable of weaving a
much greater quantity of certain fabrics in a given time than can be done with
one shuttle. For instance, this loom is adapted for weaving such fabrics as
are called "double cloths," and for weaving single cloth of double the width
ordinarily woven in looms of the same width, either with two selvages or without
selvage, as bags are woven. I also wish to observe, that the comb which forms
the race for the upper shuttle may be made to act from a fulcrum below the
warps, if found more convenient, and a similar arrangement may be advan-
tageously employed when the warps are in a vertical instead of a horizontal
direction. It may in some cases be desirable to employ a comb of the kind
above described as a race for carrying the wires on which terries are woven
into the shed. The said wires will in that case be introduced by a pusher
sliding in the lay as described in reference to Sheets 4, 5, and 6, or in any
other convenient manner.
Fig. 34 represents a sectional elevation of a horizontal shuttle box of the
kind I propose to apply to each shuttle race. When two sheds, as shewn in
Fig. 33, requiring different kinds of weft, are used for twin fabrics, such as
Wilton carpet, two shuttles in each sliding box is sufficient, and the shuttle may
be very conveniently brought into position for being picked by means of a cam

page_text: or cams, as is well understood. When three or more shuttles are used in each
shed, the apparatus for changing the position of the shuttle box, shown in
Figs. 7, 8, and 9, is recommenced. The picking sticks may be jointed to
rocking shafts, as shewn in Fig. 18, the one placed above and the other below
the lay, or the picking may be effected in any other approved manner.
I will now proceed to describe some other modifications of my approved
machinery or apparatus for cutting velvets and other fabrics, which said
machinery or apparatns may be applied to the loom or to a machine for cutting
the pile, after the fabric has been taken from the loom.
In Figs. 35 and 36 Sheet 8, A are the cutters, connected together by the
links A', forming an endless chain, which is supported in the guide rails B, and
passes over the chain drums C, placed at each side of the machine (one only of
these drums is shown in the Drawing). The pins which connect the links A*
to the cutters A project beyond the links, and take into grooves in the rails B,
as shown in the section. Motion is imparted to one of the drums in any con-
venient manner, and the fabric to be operated upon is presented to the cutters in
the way previously referred to, and shown in Fig. 45.. The chain of cutters is'
supposed to be moved in the direction of the arrow in Fig.35; consequently, when
the cutters come in contact with the fabric the ends of the joint pins bear against
the edge of the groove in the guide rails B, and retain the cutters steady
during the operation of cutting. The guide rail B is supported laterally by
the fabrics, as shewn in red in Fig. 36. The cutters are sharpened as they
travel over the drums C by the sharpening rollers D, between which they
pass. These rollers are made of any suitable material, and are made to
revolve slowly, to present fresh surfaces to the cutters.
In Figs. 37, 88, and 39 is shewn an apparatus for cutting plushes, velvets,
or other single fabrics woven on wires. This apparatus is somewhat similar to
the one shown in Fig. 31 of Sheet 7, and may, by the application of guide
bars, be made to cut asunder twin fabrics. The tube k slides in bearings
placed above the fabric to be operated upon, which is shown in red in Fig. 39.
E is a flat bar which moves to and fro with the tube k, and has a little longi-
tudinal motion in the brackets E and E, in which it slides freely. To the
tube k is jointed the knife F, which passes through a slot in the flat bar E, as
shown in plan in Fig. 88. The short shaft G is mounted in bearings attached
to the loom side, and to it is forged the feeler G', which is made to press
against the first wire to be withdrawn, and against the knife F, by the action
of the spring lever G³, to which the requisite tension is given by the inclined
plane Es on the bar E. The wires on which the terries are made may be
formed as usual, as shown in Figs. 32 and 32, or in the novel manner shown

page_text: at Fig. 32b, and from the bar E or tube k a piece, not shown in the Drawing,
projects to catch hold of the head of the wire, as described in reference to
Fig. 31, and marked . The various pieces of the cutting apparatus shown
in Fig. 87 are in the positions they assume when the knife has been drawn
into the guide notch at the end of the wire by the action of the cord H, to
which motion is given by means similar to those described in reference to
Figs. 18 and 19, for withdrawing the wires, or in any other convenient way.
The piece above referred to as projecting from the bar E or tube k withdraws
the wire whilst the knife cuts the terry. The first effect of the pull of the
return cord I is to draw the shoulder E of the bar E up to the bracket E';
the knife F is by this means carried out of the groove in the wire into the
position shown in red, where it remains until the bar E is again acted upon.
The first effect of the pull of the cord H is to draw the bracket I' against the
piece E on the tube k, and at the same time to draw the knife F along the
inclined face of the feeler G' into the groove in the end of the wire, when the
operation above described is repeated. The spring L is to draw the feeler G¹
off the wire as the inclined plane E is being withdrawn by the spring lever G³.
I propose in some cases to use diamonds or other jewels set in metal for
cutting the pile. Figs. 37, 37b, and 37° represent the notched end of wires
on which looped fabrics are woven and subsequently cut so as to form undula-
tions or flat surfaces on different levels, one side of two of the wires being
stepped for the feeler G₁ to come against to guide the cutter into the notch
in the wire. In Fig. 40 I have shown another mode of guiding the cutting.
knife into the wire. This apparatus is intended as a substitute for the shaft G
and its adjuncts, and acts in the following manner:-M is a spring attached
to the framing of the loom. The projection M¹ on the spring rests against
the first wire, and the end of the spring is bevelled off to form a guide for.
bringing the knife into the notch in the end of the wire. The remaining parts
of the apparatus being similar to those above described it is unnecessary to
explain them more particularly.
In Figs. 41, 42, and 43 .I have shown another of my improvements in
machinery or apparatus for cutting pile fabrics. In this apparatus the cutting.
is effected by means of a circular cutter in the same manner as has been
explained with reference to Figs. 44 and 45; but the method of sharpening.
the said cutter is different, being in this instance performed by means:
of the two revolving sharpeners N, which travel with the cutter n. The
sharpeners N, which may be made of any suitable material, are set at an.
angle to admit of them closing upon the cutting instrument. The sharpeners
are supported in slight frames N³, which are hinged to the brackets of the

page_text: cutter, and they are tightened upon the cutter by the vulcanized caoutchouc
spring N'. They are also caused to revolve at intervals round their own axes
by clicks acting on the small ratchet wheels attached to them. These clicks
are hinged to the swing frame N*, which, at each alternate move of the appa-
ratus across the fabric, comes in contact with a stud or other projection
attached to the framing. As long as the cutter is cutting the fabric the
sharpeners are prevented from coming in contact with the cutter by the
click N, which has then caught hold of the square pin projecting from one of
the frames No, but when the cutting apparatus has traversed the fabric in the
direction of the arrow on Fig. 42 the click N comes against a projection
which forces it off the said pin. The spring N¹ then draws the other ends
of the frames N³ together, and brings the sharpeners in contact with the
cutter, in which position the various parts remain until the back stroke is nearly
completed; a wedge-shaped projection then enters between the ends of the
frames N near the spring N¹, and by forcing this end of the frames, asunder
takes the sharpeners from the cutter and allows the click N' to catch hold of
the square pin before mentioned, the said click being pushed up by the small
spring behind it, the apparatus is then ready to be drawn across the fabric
again, and the operations are repeated as before.
66
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention
of "Improvements in the Manufacture of certain Textile Fabrics, in Machinery
for Weaving Plain, Figured, and Terry or Looped Fabrics, and in Machinery
or Apparatus for cutting Velvets and other Fabrics," I wish it to be under-
"stood that I do not confine myself to the precise arrangement of the mecha-
nical details herein set forth, or of any one of them, so long as the novel features
of my Invention, or any part thereof, be retained. Neither do I claim any of
the ordinary and well-known parts of machinery which are shewn in the
annexed Drawings for the purpose of illustrating the application of my.
improvements, but the novelties which I claim as of my Invention in this,
my present Specification of Letters Patent, granted unto me as aforesaid are
the following, namely, under the head of improvements in the manufacture
of certain textile fabrics,―
First, the making the pile of plushes, velvets, carpets, and certain other.
plain and figured fabrics of unequal lengths in the manner herein-before
described.
Secondly, the producing a ribbed pile formed of a series of undulations, or,
of flat surfaces on different levels, as herein-before described, with reference to
Figs. 37a, 376, and 37c.
Under the head of improvements in machinery for weaving plain, figured,
and towns or looned fabrics I claim

page_text: First, the peculiar arrangement of mechanism which is actuated by the
shuttle for bringing the brake or swell to bear upon the shuttle as soon as it
"boxes" clear of the warp. Also for releasing the shuttle and resetting the
apparatus preparatory to the succeeding pick, as herein-before described, with
reference to Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6.
Secondly, the improved self-acting apparatus for arresting the motions of
the loom in the absence of the weft in the shed or the shuttle in the box, as
herein-before described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 28, 50, 51, and 52.
Thirdly, the improved mechanism for giving the requisite tension to the
warp during the time the weft is being driven home for relaxing the tension
whilst the shed is being made, and for reducing the tension of the weighting
springs in proportion to the decreasing diameter of the warp beam, as herein-
before described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 18, 19, 27, 28, 29, and 30.
Fourthly, the improved combinations of machinery for taking up the web as
it is woven, as herein-before described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 11, 12,
18, 19, and 28.
Fifthly, the improved construction of shuttle, represented in Figures 4, 5,
and 6.
Sixthly, the improved construction of "temples" for keeping the web
distended in the loom, as herein-before described and shewn in Figures 2, 3,
53, 54, and 55.
Seventhly, the novel arrangement of shuttle boxes as herein-before described
in reference to Figure 34.
Eighthly, the improved machinery for effecting the required changes in the
position of the shuttles as herein-before described with reference to Figures 7,
8, 9, and 10.
Ninthly, the application of the intermittent wheel and its adjuncts to
Jacquard machines, in the manner, and for the purposes herein-before
described and shewn in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 30.
Tenthly, the improved construction of yarn beams for sail cloth, carpeting,
and other heavy goods, as shewn in Figures 19, 28, 49, and 49*.
Eleventhly, the application of machinery to facilitate the placing of the
warp beam in its bearings in the loom, as herein-before described with
reference to Figure 19.
Twelfthly, the improved construction of Jacquard herein-before described
and shewn in Fig. 30, for making an even shed without the intervention of
levers.
Thirteenthly, the improved modifications of Jacquard machinery, as
described and shewn in Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17.
Fourteenthly, the improved race for the shuttle in the upper shed, as

page_text: described and as shewn in Fig. 33, and likewise the application of a comb to
support terry wires whilst being pushed across the shed.
Fifteenthly, the improved apparatus for placing the wires in the shed, and
the machinery for actuating the same, as herein-before described and shewn in
Figs. 18, 19, 28, 29*, 31, 32, 34", 84, and 34°.
Sixteenthly, the improved apparatus for withdrawing the wires from the
"terries," and the machinery for actuating the same, as described and shewn
in Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, and 31, also the
apparatus for oiling the wires, as shewn in Figs. 18 and 28.
Seventeenthly, the regulating of the taking-up apparatus, so as to advance
the wires to within reach of the withdrawing apparatus, as described and
shewn in Figs. 19 and 28.
Eighteenthly, the improved mechanism for transferring the wires from the
withdrawing apparatus to the feeding apparatus, as described and shewn in
Figs. 18, 19, and 28.
Nineteenthly, the apparatus for registering the length of web as it is woven,
as described and shewn in Figs. 18, 19, and 28.
Twentiethly, the improved apparatus for giving tension to warps or threads
as they are withdrawn from bobbins or rollers, in the manner herein-before
described and shewn in Figs. 30, 47, and 48.
Twenty-firstly, the application of glass rods for limiting the range of the
figure warp, as described and shewn in Fig. 30.
Twenty-secondly, the improved arrangement of rods for limiting the range
of the figure warp as shewn in Fig. 30.
Twenty-thirdly, the application of mechanism for disentangling the warp
threads, as described and as shewn in Figs 30 and 30*.
Twenty-fourthly, the application to looms for weaving terry fabrics of
supplementary in addition to the ordinary lay swords, as herein-before described
and shewn in Figs. 19 and 30.
And under the head of improvements in machinery or apparatus for
cutting velvets and other fabrics I claim,―
First, the guiding groove at the end of the wire for directing the cutter and
the cutting of the terries simultaneously with the drawing out of the wires
as above described and shewn in Figs. 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
83, 44, 45, and 46.
Secondly, the improved apparatus for sharpening the cutters, as described
and shewn in Figs. 35, 41, 42, 44, and 46.
Thirdly, the improved arrangement of cutters for dividing the figure warp
of twin fabrics, as above described and shewn in Figs. 35 and 36. And;

page_text: Lastly, the application of diamonds or other suitable jewels for cutting the
loops, whether made of: warp or weft, which when cut constitute the pile of
the fabric...
And this my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief
entirely new, and never before used within. that part of. Ier said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion
of. Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specifica-
tion doth comply in all respects fully. and.without reserve or disguise with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained.
Wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege of the
same Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Roberts, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty.
RICH (L.B.) ROBERTS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-sixth day of July,
in the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid Richard Roberts came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.