IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND WRINGING APPARATUR, AND IN CHURNING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Duncan Macfarlane, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Machinist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND WRINGING APPARATUR, AND IN CHURNING
"
Sealed the 6th October 1875, and dated the 8th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Duncan Mac-
farlane at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 8th April 1875.
I, THOMAS DUNCAN MACFARLANE, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND WRINGING Apparatus
AND IN CHURNING Apparatus,” to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention relates in part to washing and wringing apparatus of
the kind described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to the
present applicant, and dated 27th December 1873 (No. 4251), and com-
prises improvements which are also applicable to other more or less
similar kinds of washing and wringing apparatus, whilst a part of the
Invention relates to the adaptation of the improved washing apparatus
for churning.

page_text: The washing apparatus as described in the carlier Specification herein-
before referred to consists of a vertical cylindrical vessel made with cor-
rugated sides, and having within it a vertical paddle and a rod set at
different distances from a vertical axis, about which they are made to
rotate by a cross head at their upper ends. This cross head was driven §
by means of bevil gearing from a horizontal winch handle shaft, but is
by the present Invention fixed on the lower end of a vertical spindle
which projects up through a transverse frame bar carrying it, and has a
winch handle fixed directly on it, thus very much simplifying the
framing and details. The transverse frame bar is fixed diametrically 1
across the top of the cylinder, and is formed with two sockets to receive
shanks formed on the wringer frame.
In making the wringer frame a wrought-iron rod or bar of round or
other suitable section has its two ends bended down at right angles, and
the frame is cast on it so that its middle part forms a tie between the two 1
sides, whilst the bended ends form shanks to enter the sockets of the
transverse frame bar of the washing machine. The wringer is liſted out
when the washing apparatus is being worked, but when in uso is held
quito steadily by the shanks and sockets.
This improved mode of constructing and holding the wringer is appli- 2
cable with various washing machines, and socket pieces may be provided
for attachment to a common tub or to any straight or curved vessel for
receiving the shanks of the wringer.
The direct attachment of the winch handle to the vertical spindle of
the washing apparatus is also advantageously applicable to any washing 2
machine in which rotation about a vertical axis is required.
In adapting the washing apparatus for churning broader paddles are
substituted for the paddle and rod, and are by preference made hollow,
or with passages admitting air by an opening or openings above the level
of the liquid and with a number of holes on their faces for the intro- 3
duction of the air amongst the liquid. The rotation of the paddles will
cause the air to be drawn down and mixed with the liquid, and this will
greatly facilitate the separation of the butter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Duncan Macfarlane in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 7th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
DUNCAN MACFARLANE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
·Britain, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Duncan Macfarlane,
Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Duncan Macfarlane, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Duncan Macfarlane, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
'should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND WRINGING Appa-
RATUS AND IN CHURning Apparatus,” upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Duncan Macfarlane, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
porformed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
'NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Duncan Macfarlane, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
. My said Invention relates in part to washing and wringing apparatus
of the kind described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me, and dated 27th December 1873 (No. 4251), and comprises improve-
ments which are also applicable to other more or less similar kinds of

page_text: washing and wringing apparatus, whilst a part of my present Invention
relates to the adaptation of my improved washing apparatus for
churning.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to and representing
modifications of washing, wringing, and churning apparatus embodying
my improvements. In these Drawings the same reference numerals are
used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 is a plan and Figure 2 is a vertical section of the washing:
apparatus as without the wringing apparatus, which last is shown
detached in front and end elevation in Figures 3 and 4.
My washing apparatus as described in the carlier Specification herein-
before referred to consists of a vertical cylindrical vessel 11 (shown in
Figures 1 and 2 of the present Drawings) made with corrugated sides,
and having within it a vertical paddle 12 and a rod 13 set at different
distances from a vertical axis coinciding with the centre line of the
vessel 11, about which axis they are made to rotate by a cross head 14 at
.their upper ends. This cross head 14 was formerly driven by means of
bevil gearing placed underneath the top diametrical frame bar 15 and
worked by a horizontal shaft passing out through the side of the vessel,
and having a winch handle fixed on its outer end, but by my present
Invention the cross head 14 is fixed on the lower end of a vertical
spindle 16, which passes up through a long bearing 17 to the upper side
of the frame bar 15, and according to one modification has a winch
handle 18 fixed directly on it, thus very much simplifying the framing
and details. The transverse frame bar 15 fixed diametrically across the
top of the cylinder 11 is formed with two sockets 19 to receive shanks 20
formed on the wringer frame 21.
In making the wringer frame 21, Figures 3, and 4, a wrought-iron rod
or bar 22, of round or other suitable section, has its two ends 20 bended
down at right angles, and the frame 21 is cast on it so that its middle
part 22 forms a tie between the two sides, whilst the bended ends 20
form shanks to enter the sockets 19 of the transverse frame bar 15 of the
washing machine. The wringer is lifted out when the washing apparatus
is being worked, but when in usc is held quite steadily by the shanks 20
and sockets 19.

page_text: -
This improved mode of constructing and holding the wringer is appli-
cable with various washing machines, and socket pieces 19 may be
provided for attachment to a common tub or to any straight or curved
vessel for receiving the shanks 20 of the wringer.
Figures 5 and 6 show these separate socket pieces in front view, side
view, and section as attached to a washing vessel 23 ready to receive the
wringer shanks 20.
· The wringer, Figures 3, 4, is otherwise than as herein-before described,
of a well-known construction, comprising a pair of rubber-covered
rollers 24, which are pressed together by a spring 25, that is adjustable
by a hand screw 26.
The direct attachment of the winch handle 18 to the vertical spindle 16
of the washing apparatus is also advantageously applicable to any washing
machine in which rotation about a vertical axis is required. When,
however, it is preferred to have the winch handle on a horizontal shaft or
axis a part of the practical advantages of my present improvement may
be secured by adopting the intermediate modification shown in Figure 7.
In this modification the perforation of the side of the vessel for the.
horizontal shaft and the occupation of space within the vessel and
beneath the top transverse frame bar 15 is avoided by fitting the hori-
zontal shaft 27 (to which the winch handle is to be attached) above the
frame bar 15, and by gearing it with the vertical spindle 16 by a pair of
bevil wheels 28, as will be casily understood from the Figure.
'
Figure 8 is a vertical section of a modification of my apparatus as
adapted for churning. In this case one broad paddle 29 is attached to
the rotating cross head 14, a bent malleable iron rod 30 being fixed to
the cross head by having the weighted ends 31 cast on its ends, and tho
The
paddle 29 being fixed by screws or otherwise to this rod 30.
paddle 29, which may be of wood or metal, is perforated with numerous
holes, and there are fixed on one or both sides of it a number of vertical
tubes 32 with their upper ends open and above the intended level of the
cream or liquid, whilst they are made with holes down their sides. The
rotation of the paddle 29 in the liquid will cause air to be drawn down
the tubes 32 and to pass through their lateral holes into and amongst the
liquid, and this will greatly facilitate the separation of the butter. The
vertical spindle 16 of the paddle 29 may be driven by means of bevil
wheels (28) and a horizontal shaft (27) if preferred.

page_text: Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself
to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that what
I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured
to me by the hercin-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The fitting of the driving parts for the spindle (16) of the paddle
cross head (14) above the transverse frame piece (15), as and for the
purposes herein-before described.
2. The fixing of the winch handle (18) directly upon the vertical
spindle (16), as herein-before described.
3. The making of the wringer frame (21) with the tie rod (22) and
shanks (20), in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
4. The application and use of tho sockets (19) formed in the framo
piece (15) or in separate pieces, as and for the purposes herein-before
described.
5. The constructing and combining together of parts to form churning
apparatus, substantially as hercin-before described with reference to
Figure 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
6. The fitting of perforated tubes to rotating churning paddles to
cause air to be drawn down and mixed with the liquid, as herein-before 2
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Duncan Macfarlane, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Sixth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
THO³. D. MACFARLANE. (L.S.)