New or Improved Compound Applicable for Welding Iron and Steel, Purifying and Strengthening Cast Iron, Restoring Burnt Steel, and Imparting to Bessemer Steel Qualities
Year: 1884

page_text: New or Improved Compound Applicable for Welding Iron
and Steel, Purifying and Strengthening Cast Iron, Restoring
Burnt Steel, and Imparting to Bessemer Steel Qualities
•
I, HENRY CAMPBELL of Los Angelos, California, United States of America at
present residing at No 11 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND
APPLICABLE FOR WELDING IRON AND STEEL, PURIFYING AND STRENGTHENING CAST
IRON, RESTORING BUBNT STEEL AND IMPARTING TO BESSEMER STEEL QUALITIES
WHICH ENABLE IT TO BE TEMPERED LIKE CAST STEEL" to be as follows:-
This invention consists in a compound composed of finely powdered magnetite or
magnetic iron ore and pulverized borax mixed together in about equal portions by
weight but these proportions may be varied to a greater or less degree according to
circumstances without departing from the nature of the invention.
-
In the preparation of the compound that variety of iron ore is used which is
commonly known as magnetite, or magnetic iron ore, which exists in nature in
the form of a fine black sand; this is mingled with the pulverized borax by any
ordinary or suitable mixing apparatus. As this operation requires only ordinary
mechanical skill I deem it unnecessary to further describe it in detail.
For welding purposes this compound is much cheaper than borax, is equally
efficacious, and is capable of being applied to all the uses for which borax is
commonly used in welding and for which other welding compounds are ordinarily
designed. The said compound is also free from the defects and disadvantages
which are found to exist in those compounds which contain potash, inasmuch as
the last named substance is liable to fly off on to the workmen, and to inflict
serious injuries on them. Furthermore the said compound much more readily
and conveniently manufactured than any other of which I am aware.
extremely small size and uniform character of the grain in the magnetite iron ore
sand, and the uniform shape thereof, enable the compound to be made of a much
more homogeneous character than is possible with the welding compound heretofore
Price Adl
The

page_text: made of iron filings and calcined borax, and inasmuch as the chemical composition
of the magnetite iron ore aforesaid is different from that of the metallic iron the
new or improved compound above described fuses at a much lower temperature
than welding materials including other ingredients, and consequently iron and steel
may be welded therewith at a lower temperature than heretofore.
Cast
By the use of this compound iron can be welded to iron, iron to steel, steel to
steel, wrought iron or steel to cast iron, and iron or steel to Bessemer metal.
iron can also be purified and strengthoned by placing in the casting ladle from
six to sixteen ounces of the compound to one hundred pounds of metal, according
to the quality of the iron, and allowing the iron to run on to it. An active
ebullition immediately commences, but it must be stirred until mixed, after which
the impurities are skimmed off and the metal poured as usual. By this means
clean and close grained castings can be invariably obtained.
Burnt steel can be restored by heating the steel to a red heat, rolling it in the
compound, returning it to the fire, and heating it to an white heat, when it may be
forged as if it had never been injured.
Bessemer steel may have qualities imparted to it which will enable it to bo
tempered like cast steel; for this purpose the steel is to be heated to a red heat,
rolled in the compound, returned to the fire and heated to a white heat, then forged
to shape, and finally tempered.

page_text: New or Improved Compound Applicable for Welding. Iron
and Steel, Purifying and Strengthening Cast Iron, Restoring
Burnt Steel, and Imparting to Bessemer Steel Qualities
-ish Inchblo it to be Momnoned like Clost Staat
•
I, HENRY CAMPBELL of Los Angelos, California, United States of America at
present residing at N° 11 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND
APPLICABLE FOR WELDING IRON AND STEEL, PURIFYING AND STRENGTHENING CAST
IRON, RESTORING BURNT STEEL AND IMPARTING TO BESSEMER STEEL QUALITIES
WHICH ENABLE IT TO BE TEMPERED LIKE CAST STEEL" and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say:
This invention consists in a compound composed of finely powdered magnetite
or magnetic iron ore and pulverized borax mixed together in about equal portions
by weight but these proportions may be varied to a greater or less degree according
to circumstances without departing from the nature of the invention.
In the preparation of the compound that variety of iron ore is used which is
commonly known as magnetite, or magnetic iron ore, which exists in nature in the
form of a fine black sand, this is mingled with the pulverized borax by any
ordinary or suitable mixing apparatus. As this operation requires only ordinary
mechanical skill I deem it unnecessary to further describe it in detail.
For welding purposes this compound is much cheaper than borax, is equally
efficacious, and is capable of being applied to all the uses for which borax is
commonly used in welding and for which other welding compounds are ordinarily
designed. The said compound is also free from the defects and disadvantages
which are found to exist in those compounds which contain potash inasmuch as the
last named substance is liable to fly off on to the workmen and to inflict serious
injuries on them. Furthermore the said compound is much more readily and
conveniently manufactured than any other of which I am aware. The extremely
small size and uniform character of the grain in the magnetite iron ore sand, and
the uniform shape thereof enable the compound to be made of a much more.
homogeneous character than is possible with the welding compound heretofore
made of iron filings and calcined borax, and, inasmuch as the chemical composition
of the magnetite iron ore aforesaid is different from that of the metallic iron the
new or improved compound above described fuses at a much lower temperature
than welding materials including other ingredients and consequently iron and steel
may be welded therewith at a lower temperature than heretofore.
By the use of this compound, iron can be welded to iron, iron to steel, steel to
steel, wrought iron or steel to cast iron, and iron or steel to Bessemer metal. Cast
iron can also be purified and strengthened by placing in the casting ladle from six
to sixteen ounces of the compound to one hundred pounds of metal, according
to the quality of the iron and allowing the iron to run on to it. An active
ebullition immediately commences but it must be stirred until mixed after which
•

page_text: the impurities are skimmed off and the metal poured as usual. By this means
clean and close grained castings.can be invariably obtained.
Burnt steel can be restored by heating the steel to a red heat, rolling it in the
compound, returning it to the fire and heating it to a white heat when it may
be forged as if it had never been injured.
Besseiner steel may have qualities imparted to it which will enable it to be
tempered like cast steel; for this purpose the steel is to be hented to a red beat,
rolled in the compound, returned to the fire and heated to a white heat, then forged
to shape and finally tempered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said.
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The hereinbefore described compound composed of magnetite iron ore and borax
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
Dated this 24th day of June 1885,
HENRY CAMPBELL,
Per W. H. Bock, Agent,
115, Cannon Street, London.