IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES ACTUATED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1885

page_text: I EMIL KASELOWSKY of N° 17 and 18 Chaussee Strasse in the City of Borlin
and German Empire, Director of the "Berliner Maschinenbau Anstalt vormals
Schwartzkopf Actien Gesellschaft do hereby declare the nature of my Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES ACTUATED BY STEAM OR OTHER FLUIDS and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in motors with one or more cylinders.
The object of my said invention of improvements in motors with one or more
cylinders is to avoid the dangerous spaces which are found in motors with rotary
distributing slides or valves constructed after the system of the well known
Brotherhood three cylinder machines and to avoid the loss of power caused by the
friction of such said slides when in operation.
In contradistinction to the distributing regulator for machines with several
cylinders invented by Whitehead in Fiume the object of the present invention is
to obviate the considerable pressure on the excentric, on the rollers of the slide rod
and on the axle of such said machines which are mostly run at high speed and
under high steam pressure and which said parts are subjected to great wear and
tear, by employing a bearing admitting very little friction and 1 next to no loss of
power.
The object of the present invention is further to obviate the unfavorably
operating friction of the excentric strap under the pressure of the differential
distributing valve or slide which said excentric strap forms a part of the slide rod
and causes the reciprocating valve of the distributing valve or slide in the Brother-
hood construction.
My improved oscillating cylindrical slide or piston is so arranged that it simul-
taneously serves to regulate the outlet for steam, gas or air whereas a separate
slide has to be arranged in the piston of the Brotherhood machine for this purpose.
My improved distributing regulator consists of an oscillating cylindrical slide
valve the exterior surface of which is fully freed from pressure and which is
arranged in the cylindrical casing of the distributing regulator.
The pressure of steam gas or air which operates on the end surface of the
cylindrical slide valve is taken up by a suitable bearing located at the opposite end
of the said cylindrical slide valve or by the slide rod. The friction of the collar of
the cylindrical slide valve against the bearing is reduced to a minimum by means
of antifriction washers or discs of different anti-friction metals.

page_text: A sleeve or muff is arranged on the protruding end of the slide rod and
excentrically to the axis of the same.
This said sleeve or muff carries an anti-friction roller which is arranged on a
pivot attached to the said sleeve or muff and which hangs free in the cam groove
of a disc attached to the one end of the crank shaft in the cover of the machine.
The distributing regulator slide valve consists of a cylinder with interior ribs which
divide or separate the hollow space in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the
cylindrical slide valve into two compartments, one of which is in connection with
the exhaust space and the other with the filling space or steam gas or air inlet and
is further provided with a safety valve which at the same time acts as outlet valve
and when opened forms a cominunication with the exhaust when the pressure in
the driving cylinder is greater than or in excess of the supply.
The object of the said safety valve is further to automatically let off any water of
condensation that may collect in the apparatus into the exhaust by means of small
canals arranged for such said purpose.
The freeing of the slide valve from pressure is accomplished by the recessed
canals in the surface of the said slide valve and the cylindrical casing, arranged
exactly opposite to the in and outlet canals which said recessed canals are connected
by suitable borings with the steam opening of the valve so that the pressure is
fully equalised. The machine can by means of a small canal be started in any
position of the crank and for instance even in the position in a three cylinder
machine where the distributing slide valves of two of the cylinders are closed and
the crank of the third machine is at its dead point; as hereby so much steam gas
or air will pass through the small canal into the two first cylinders that the main
crank will be caused to move slowly until the slide valves are opened and the full
steam pressure comes into action.
It will be evident from the foregoing that very little power is requisite for
operating the parts in consequence of the surfaces being freed from pressure and
the pressure on the end of the cylindrical slide valve being taken up by the bearing
to the same.
+
Figure 1'is a vertical section with partial elevation of the oscillating cylindrical
slide valve."
Figure 2 a longitudinal section of the same.
Figure 3a representation of the lower part of the cam groove and the
movement of the guide roller in the same.
Figure 4 is section on the line A B in Figure 1 and 2, and
Figure 5 a section on the line C. D in the same figures.
The distributing regulator is provided with an oscillating cylindrical slide valve
the surface of which is entirely freed from pressure.
The steam, gas or air pressure exercised on the head of the same during the
working of the machine is received by the bearing x the friction of the collar of
the slide rod against the bearing being taken up by loose frictional discs or
washers y placed between the said collar and the bearing consisting of different
anti-friction metals.
A sleeve or muff 20 is fixed to the end of the slide rod protruding beyond the
end of the bearing x and carries a pivot and a friction roller v arranged excentrically
to the axis of the slide or slide rod.
This friction roller v hangs free in a curvilinear or cam groove in the cam or
disc u which is affixed to that part of the crank shaft which has its bearings in c.
The slide valve consists of a cylinder provided interiorly with a suitable rib or
partition which divides the hollow space into two parts, of which the one f is in
connection with the exhaust whilst the other g is in connection with the supply.
The slide valve is further provided with a safety valve m which simultaneously
acts as outlet valve and which opens and forms a connection with the exhaust
space when the compression in the working cylinder is higher than the admission
pressure.

page_text: This valve is further so constructed that, as is specially desirable for torpedo
actuating machines any water of condensation which may accumulate is allowed to
automatically pass off through small canals into the exhaust.
The slide valve is freed from pressure by means of the recessed canals al a¹
arranged opposite the in and outlet canals and of like size with the same which
are formed in the slide valve and in the casing to the same and which are in
connection with the steam opening of the valve by means of the borings b' b'.
The small canal c in the cylindrical slide valve enables me to start the machine
regardless of the position of the crank..
As is evident from the foregoing specification that the freeing of the surface of
the slide valve from pressure and the pressure on the end surface being taken up
by the bearing 2 very little power is necessary to produce the oscillating motion
of the said slide valve and consequently the wear and tear of the actuating parts
must be minimum.
•
My said construction can be employed for machines with one or more cylinders,
for single cylinder or for compound machines driven by steam, air or gas.
The operation of my improved distributing regulator is as follows:-
Steam gas or air enters at the inlet a, circulates through the annular canal b in
the cover of the machine c and passes through the connecting canal d into the
lateral canal e of each slide valve casing kc, passes from thence into the same and
fills the space f of the slide valve which is in connection with the steam gas or
air chamber.
.
The oscillating slide valve is further provided with a second space or chamber g
which is in connection with the exhaust chamber and is separated from the space f
by means of the two ribs or partitions and the latter of which is provided with
a canal loading to the valve m.
These two ribs or partitions hi run in spiral or curvilinear form in the hollow
interior of the slide valve l.
When the space or chamber f communicates through the boring or opening n
with the cylinder o steam will be admitted and the piston p driven forwards but
if the space communicates through the opening q with the cylinder the expanded
steam will pass upward through the hollow slide valve and escape along the slide
rod into the space or chamber 8 which contains the main crank or crank shaft t
from which said chamber the steam gas or air is allowed to pass off.
The crank shaft t has its bearing in the cover of the machine and carries a disc
cam or drum with a cam or curvilinear groove which serves as guide track for
the anti-friction roller v which is arranged excentrically to the axis of the slide
rod r on a suitable sleeve or muff w fixed to the slide rod which latter has its
bearing at in the slide valve casing.
In order to avoid all friction on the bearing I employ a number of anti-friction
rings on the said slide rod r.
It will be evident from the foregoing that a rotation of the cam disc will cause
the slide valve to make an oscillating movement and then bring the chambers f
and g in alternate communication with the cylinder o so that steam gas or air is
admitted into the same, is allowed to expand and to escape from the same.
Any water of condensation which may be formed is conducted off through the
valve m to the chamber or space g and is carried with the exhaust steam into the
space 8.
In order to free the slide valve from pressure I form recesses or recessed
canals a¹ in the outer periphery of the slide valve and the inner periphery of the
slide valve casing of like size with and exactly opposite to the inlet and outlet
openings and communicating through the borings b with the steam opening of the
valve.
In the casing to the slide valve I also arrange a small canal c¹ which even when
the valve slide is closed still communicates with the cylinder so that if two or
three slide valves are closed and the crank of the third is at its dead point the
machine can still be started.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
In steam gas or air motors with one or more cylinders :--
1. The combination of the valve slide which is caused to oscillate by means of
a sleeve or muff w carrying an anti-friction roller v and attached to the slide rod r
which said roller is guided in the cam or curvilinear groove u of a disc attached
to the crank shaft t of the machine substantially as described in the foregoing
specification and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination of the slide valve which is entirely freed from pressure
with the pressure reducing or outlet valve m which is subject to the pressure of
the live steam gas or air entering the said slide and which is automatically opened
as soon as the pressure in the machine is greater than the pressure of the steam
gas or air supply substantially as set forth in the foregoing specification and
shown in the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination of the small canals c¹ in the slide valve l, for enabling the
machine to be started regardless of the position of the crank shaft, with the slide
valve substantially as described and shown.
Dated the 9th day of November 1885.
Witnesses,
W. SCHARK.
EDUARD PILLOCK.
EMIL KASELOWSKY.