IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GASELIERS, GAS PENDENTS, GAS BRACKETS, Gas STANDARDS, AND OTHER GAS FITTINGS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Sarjeant, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Metal Worker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF GASELIERS, GAS PENDENTS, GAS BRACKETS, Gas
STANDARDS, AND OTHER GAS FITTINGS."
Sealed the 2nd March 1869, and dated the 15th. September 1868.!
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Sarjeant at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1868.
I, ENOCH SARJEANT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Metal Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GASELIERS, GAS PENDENTS, GAS
BRACKETS, GAS STANDARDS, AND OTHER GAS FITTINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in
joining or connecting together the tubes, bodies, stop-cocks, and other
parts of gaseliers, gas pendents, gas brackets, gas standards, and other
gas fittings, whereby the brazing, or screwing, or rivetting ordinarily
resorted to for that purpose is dispensed with and a seamless or jointless
article produced.

page_text: My Invention consists in connecting or joining together the parts
of the articles enumerated by the process of casting in metal or chill
moulds.
In manufacturing a gaselier according to my Invention I bring
together the separate tubes or tubular parts which are to form part
the body and arms of the gaselier, and I place them in a metal or chill
mould having the desired ornamental or other shape. The tubes or
.parts are inserted in the mould in such a manner that the melted metal
poured into the mould cannot enter the tubes or tubular parts to be
joined together, thus leaving the requisite passages or gasways between
all the tubes or tubular parts, that is to say, I insert the tubes or tubular
parts at the point where the said tubes or parts meet into a hollow shell
or tubular connecting piece, the tubes fitting into the said connecting
piece sufficiently tight as not to allow the melted metal to enter the
said tubes or connecting piece. When the tubes or parts are thus
temporarily connected I place them in the metal mould or chill, and
cast the melted metal into the mould or chill and around the outsides
of the tubes and connecting piece, so that the whole of the parts are
securely joined or connected together, the metal cast in the mould also
forming the desired ornamental parts at the junction of the body and
arms. In place of the hollow shell or connecting piece described I use
a core or cores made of an earthy material to core those parts where a
gasway or gasways are required to be made. Where convenient the
arms of the gaselier may be cast entire upon the body by means of metal
moulds instead of joining tubes or tubular parts thereto as previously
described. I connect the stop-cocks and such ornamental and other
parts of the gaselier as may be required to be connected to the arms or
body by casting metal in metal or chill moulds around the said parts, as
described with reference to the joining together of the body and arms.
The metal or chill moulds which I employ may be made in two or
more parts according to the shape or construction of the parts to be
joined together.
In applying my Invention to the manufacture of gas brackets, gas
pendents, gas standards, and other gas fittings, I proceed in the manner
described with reference to the manufacture of a gaselier.
By gas fittings I wish it to be understood that I mean all those articles
and parts of articles which are employed in lighting and heating by gas,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said Enoch Sarjeant in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th March 1869..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ENOCH
SARJEANT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Metal Worker,
send. greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-.
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Enoch Sarjeant, Her special licence
that I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, my executors, ad--
ministrators, and assigns, should' at any time agree with, and no others
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,.
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF GASELIERS, GAS PENDENTS, GAS BRACKETS, GAS STANDARDS,
AND OTHER GAS FITTINGS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Enoch Sarjeant, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-.
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed; and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters:
Patent..
THE
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Enochi Sarjeant, do hereby declare-
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is.
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the ietters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
-
My Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in,

page_text: joining or connecting together the tubes, bodies, stop-cocks, and other
parts of gaseliers, gas pendents, gas brackets, gas standards, and other
gas fittings, whereby the brazing, or screwing, or rivetting ordinarily
resorted to for that purpose is dispensed with, and a seamless or jointless
article produced.
My Invention consists in connecting or joining together the parts of
the articles enumerated by the process of casting in metal or chill
moulds.
The tubes or
In manufacturing a gaselier according to my Invention I bring
together the separate tubes or tubular parts which are to form part of
the body and arms of the gaselier, and I place them in a metal or chill
mould having the desired ornamental or other shape.
parts are inserted in the mould in such a manner that the melted metal
poured into the mould cannot enter the tubes or tubular parts to be
joined together, thus leaving the requisite passages or gasways between.
all the tubes or tubular parts, that is to say, I insert the tubes. or tubular
parts at the point where the said tubes. or parts. meet into or place
them on a hollow shell or tubular connecting piece, the said tubes
fitting into or on the said connecting piece sufficiently tight as not
to allow the melted metal to, enter the said tubes or connecting piece.
When the tubes or parts are thus temporarily connected I place them
in the metal mould or chill, and cast the melted metal into the mould
or chill and around the outsides of the tubes and connecting piece, so
that the whole of the parts. are securely joined or connected together;
the metal cast in the mould also forming the desired ornamental parts
at the junction of the body and arms. In some cases: a core or cores of an
earthy material may be used for the purpose of forming the cast parts.
hollow,, and thereby securing lightness in the casting. Where con-
venient the arms of the gaselior may be cast entire upon the body by
means of metal moulds instead of joining tubes or tubular parts. thereto
as previously described. I connect the stop-cocks and such ornamental
parts of the gaselier as may be required to be connected to the arms
or body by casting metal in metal or chill moulds around the said.
parts, as described with reference to the joining together of the body
and arms..
The metal or chill moulds which I employ may be made in two or
more parts according to the shape or construction of the parts to be
joined together.

page_text: In applying my Invention to the manufacture of gas brackets, gas:
pendents, gas standards, and other gas fittings, I proceed in the manner;
described with reference to the manufacture of a gaselier.
By gas fittings I wish it to be understood that I mean all those
articles and parts of articles which are employed in lighting and heating'
by gas, and which are usually manufactured by jointing the parts
together by brazing, screwing, or rivetting.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
I will describe and represent my Invention as applied to the manu-
facture of gascliers and gas brackets, from which description and
representation the application of my Invention to other gas fittings will
be readily understood.
Figure 1 represents in elevation a six-light gaselier, the parts
of which are joined or connected together according to my
Invention.
To connect the arms a, a, to the central gas tube b, b³, and at the same
time form the terminal ornament of the gaselier, I proceed in the manner
illustrated in Figure 2, which represents in section, drawn of the full
size, the junction of the said central tube and arms, and the metal or
chill mould in position to receive the molten metal for joining the parts.
together. I take a hollow shell or tubular metallic connecting piece
marked c, consisting of a circular box having a series of short
tubes d, d³, rising from its top. The shell or connecting piece is closed
at bottom by the plate c. The number of short tubes d, d, in the shell
or connecting piece c is equal to the number of gas tubes to be con-
nected together. Upon the exterior of the outer tubes d of the shell c
the gas tubes forming the arms a, a, are fitted, and upon the central
tube d' of the said shell c the central tube 6 conveying the gas to the
said arms is fitted. The arms a, a, and tube b fit sufficiently tight
upon the short tubes d, d, of the shell or connecting piece c as not to
allow the melted metal employed to join the parts together to enter tho
said arms a and tube b.
Figure 3 represents in horizontal section the tube & and arms a, a,
fitted upon the tubes d, d³, of the shell or connecting piece c, and
Figure 4 represents in side elevation and Figure 5 in perspective the

page_text: said shell or connecting piece separately before the said tube b and
arms a, a, are fitted upon its tubes. When the central tube b and
arms a, a, are fitted upon the short tubes d, d, of the shell or con-
necting piece c, in the manner represented in Figures 2 and 3, a series
of gasways is formed between the said central tube 6 and the several
arms a, a, of the gaselier, as will be understood by an examination of
Figure 2. After having thus temporarily connected the tube 6 and
arms a, a, to the tubular connecting piece or shell c, the four ornamental
parts and the ornamental ring 7 are arranged at their respective
positions around the outside of the said shell c. The metal or chill
mould h, h, is now placed around the parts to be joined, as represented
in Figure 2, the interior of the said mould having the figure of the
terminal ornament i of the gasclier, Figure 1. The top of the mould is
provided with an annular depression in which the ring g fits. By pouring
fused metal or alloy into the mould h, h, by the get ³ the said metal
or alloy is cast around the tubes a, b, and connecting piece or shell c,
and the whole of the parts are joined or connected securely together,
and the terminal ornament i at the same time produced, the requisite.
passages or gas ways being left between the central tube 6 and the
tubular arms a, a. I connect the stop-cock k to the central gas
tube b, b, of the gasclier, Figure 1, and form the ornament around the
said stop-cock in the manner illustrated by the section drawn of the
full size in Figure 6. I take a metallic connecting piece provided with
tubular parts or gasways 1, 2, and a conical barrel m in which the plug
of the stop-cock is to work, and I fit upon the said parts 1, 1, the two
tubes 6, 63, between which the stop-cock is to be formed; I then place
the metal or chill mould n, n, around the parts to be joined, and by
means of the get n³ cast fused metal or alloy into the said mould. The
barrel of the stop-cock is thereby joined to the tubes b, b, of the
gaselier, and the ornament at the stop-cock at the same time formed:
I connect the foliated or ornamental parts p to the central tube, and
the foliated or ornamental parts q to the arms of the gaselier by casting
the rings r,, around the said tube and arms and the stems of the parts
to be joined by means of chill or metal moulds. I also connect the gas
burner pieces & to the ends of the arms of the gaselier by means of chill
or metal moulds.

page_text: body formed according to my Invention; and Figure 8 represents a
portion of the same in vertical section. When the part to be cast is of
large size, as in this gaselier, I cast the said part hollow and thereby
reduce its weight by using cores of sand or of an earthy material.
a is a central tube conveying the gas to the arms b. I place at the
junction of the tube a and arms b a tubular connecting piece provided
with five gasways marked c, c, upon which gasways the tube a and
arms bare fitted in the manner represented in Figure 8. Having con-
nected the central tube and arms together by the tubular connecting
piece I arrange around the said tube and arms cores of sand or of an
earthy material, the said cores having the required shape to form the
casting both hollow and perforated; I next place around the cores
and parts to be joined a metal or chill mould, in the manner represented
in Figure 2, and by casting metal in the said mould I join the tube a
and arms 6 together, and at the same time produce the hollow perforated
body around the joined parts. The cores are removed from the casting
through the perforations in the outer shell, as is well understood. In
Figure 8 the hollow ornamental body is shown partly in section, the parts
which are cast between the non-metallic cores and the tube a and
arms 6 being marked d, and those which are cast between the said cores
and the metal or chill mould being marked e.
'
In some cases I cast the arms entire upon the body by means of metal
moulds instead of joining the tubular arms to the body or central part of
the gaselier.
Figure 9 represents a gas bracket, the parts of which are joined
according to my Invention.
Figure 10 represents part of the metal or chill mould which I use to
join the end of the bracket arm to the plug which turns in the swivel
of the bracket, and also to form the ornamental parts fif, of the
bracket; g is the tubular arm of the bracket, and h is the tubular con-
necting piece or plug, upon the upper end of which the tubular arm g is
fitted, as represented in Figure 10. By casting fused metal in the
mould by the get the said arm g is joined or connected to the plug
or connecting piece h, and the ornamental parts f,f, (Figure 9) at the
3 same time formed.
.
Figure 11 represents the metal or chill mould and tubular connecting
piece or barrel to form the swivel & of the gas bracket; is the barrel in
which the plug h (Figure 10) is to work, and m is the metal mould, and

page_text: m is the get. By casting fused metal in the mould by the get the
swivel k is formed with the exception of the terminal part.
Figure 12 represents the way in which I join the stop-cock to the end
of the arm g of the bracket, and also form the ornament around the
junction of the said parts; p is the connecting piece containing the gas-
ways q, q, and barrel r, in which barrel the plug of the stop-cock (8,
Figure 9), works; t, t, is the metal or chill mould, and is the get for
pouring the fused metal into the mould.
In carrying my Invention into effect I generally use brass, but other
metal or alloy may be employed.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and repre-
sented, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention, the improvements in
the manufacture of gaseliers, gas pendants, gas brackets, gas standards,
and other gas fittings, herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say, joining or connecting together
the parts of the articles enumerated, and when required forming orna-
ments at or near the joined parts by the process of casting in metal or
chill moulds, the said moulds being used in conjunction with hollow
shells or tubular connecting pieces, whereby the required gas passages
or ways are left between the parts joined or connected, whether the
said metal or chill moulds be used alone or in combination with
non-metallic cores, substantially as herein described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Enoch Sarjeant, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
7, Cannon Street,
Birmingham.
ENOCH SARJEANT. (L.S.)