IMPROVEMENTS IN. CRANKED APPLIANCES APPLICABLE FOR USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hesketh Hughes, of 36, Brooksby's Walk, Homerton, in
:
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN.
CRANKED APPLIANCES APPLICABLE FOR USEFUL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 9th November 1877, and dated the 2nd July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hesketh Hughes at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1877.
HESKETH HUGHES, of 36, Brooksby's Walk, Homerton, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANKED APPLIANCES APPLICABLE FOR
USEFUL PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in cranked appliances applicable for
useful purposes, and consists of a wire, rod, bar, or like appliance with the two ends
bent or cranked in opposite directions, or of ends jointed or otherwise attached to
bars or the like in articulated form, said ends being carried by disc, chain, or link
appliances upon fixed supports, arranged one in advance of the other at the sides,
at a given distance apart in order that the centres of each articulating piece may
be carried and be caused to travel at an angle to the frame, and yet in parallel
manner with each other without a rotation in themselves.
An apparatus constructed as above described can be made available for scraping,
cutting, filing, and otherwise operating upon wood, metals, and other solid bodies; by:
attaching tools to said centres, it can also be made available for operating upon land,
such as raking or harrowing, or for collecting grass and other like produce; it can
also, when two of such apparatus are arranged one above the other, be made,
available for diagonally folding, creasing, goffering, or otherwise operating upon
fabrics by attaching pattern formers or leaves to the centres, or by making the
centres and the leaves in one.
The single apparatus can have blades attached in order that when fitted to
vessels, said vessels may be propelled by them, each blade entering the water in
succession in a vertical position, and leaving the water in the same manner, either
as a pair of blades or with many blades, on discs or arm arrangement, or by a series-
of propeller blades upon endless chains.

page_text: I may crank the middle part of the centre so as to support what I term a second
or intermediate crank, by which the apparatus can be moved by connections or by
gearing from a prime mover to enable the blades of each cranked appliance to exert
its power for the propulsion of the vessel.
The inner ends of separate cranked appliances may be carried by the discs of
other apparatus fitted at that part for the purpose, or each apparatus may be driven
from the outer end.
The above describes only a few applications of my cranked appliances for useful
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Hesketh Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
January 1878.
HESKETH HUGHES, of 36, Brooksby's Walk, Homerton, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANKED APPLIANCES APPLICABLE FOR
USEFUL PURPOSES."
"
This Invention relates to improvements in cranked appliances applicable for
useful purposes, and consists of a wire, rod, bar, or like appliance with the two ends
bent or cranked in opposite directions, or of ends jointed or otherwise attached to
bars or the like, in articulated form, said ends being carried by disc, chain, or link
appliances upon fixed supports, arranged one in advance of the other at the sides
at a given distance apart, in order that the centres of cacli articulated piece may be
carried and be caused to travel at an angle to the frame, and yet in parallel manner
with each other but without a rotation in themselves.
An apparatus constructed as above described can be made available for scraping,
cutting, filing, and otherwise operating upon wood, metals, and other solid bodies;
by attaching tools to said centres, it can also be made available for operating upon
land, such as, say, raking or harrowing, or for collecting grass or other like produce;
it can also, when two of such apparatus are arranged one above the other, be made
available for diagonally folding, creasing, goffering, or otherwise operating upon
fabrics by attaching pattern formers or leaves to the centres, or by making the
centres and the leaves in one.
The single apparatus can have blades attached, in order that when fitted to
vessels, said vessels may be propelled by them, each blade entering the water in
succession in a vertical position, and leaving the water in the same manner either
as a pair of blades, or with many blades on discs or arm arrangement, or by a series
of propeller blades upon endless chains.
I may crank the middle part of the centre so as to support what I term a second
or intermediate crank, by which the apparatus can. be moved by connections or by
gearing from a prime mover, to enable the blades of each cranked appliance to
exert its power for the propulsion of the vessel.
The inner ends of separate cranked appliances may be carried by discs or other
apparatus fitted at that part for the purpose, or each apparatus may be driven from
the outer end.
The above describes only a few applications of my cranked appliances to useful
purposes.

page_text: The extreme simplicity of the Invention, and the innumerable, applications of
which it is susceptible, will be readily comprehended by reference to the annexed
Drawings.
i
Figures 1, 2, and 3, show three forms of my cranked appliance in its simple un-
applied form. A is the bar or rod; B, B, are the cranked or bent ends which may
either be prolongations of the bar or rod, or may be jointed or otherwise attached
.thereto.
In Figure 1 the bar or rod is shown provided with two cranked ends which are
bent in opposite directions relatively to the axial line of the said bar or rod. In
Figure 2 the bar is shown cranked, but with one end prolonged, while in Figure 3
the bar is provided with two cranked ends, which in this Figure are shown bent in
the same direction relatively to the axial line of the said bar..
"1
Figure 4 shows in end view the Figure 1 form of cranked appliance, with its
ends B, B, held or supported by two parallel discs C, C, one in advance of the other.
Figure 5 is a plan view of the same form of cranked appliance, with its ends B, B,
attached to or supported by endless chains.
Figures 6 and 6ª are a plan view and elevations respectively of the same form of
cranked appliance with endless chains, showing the Invention applied to a plaiting
machine. A, A, are the bars or rods to which the pattern formers are attached, as
shown in Figure Ga
The ends B, B, of the bars or rods take into the endless chains D, D, on either side.
The chains are driven by the pinion E, and tightened by the two loose pinions a, a,
regulated by the set screws b, b.
Both chains are arranged in a similar manner. Upon the ends of the
piuions E, E, are geared two spur wheels which take into each other and drive the
machinery.
Figures 7, 7, 8, 9, 9a, and 10, are different applications of the Figure 2 form of
cranked appliance.
Figures 7 and 7a, are an end of and side view respectively of the Figure 2 form
of crank arranged with discs. F is the driving shaft to which the two discs C, C,
are keyed. These discs have holes into which the prolonged end of the bar is
inserted, the cranked end being inserted in a separate disc G provided with similar
holes for the purpose.
The disc G rotates upon a plate H. which is fixed to the
side of the machine, and set eccentrically to the driving shaft F. The eccentric
plate is shown in dotted lines in Figure 7. By turning the shaft F the discs C, C,
carrying the prolonged bar, and having the eccentric plate attached to the cranked
ends draws the eccentric plate round, holding the cranked bars always in a horizontal
position.
Figure 8 shows in elevation the application of the Invention to a plaiting
machine. J shows the material entering the machine, and K the inaterial in a
plaited condition.
Figure 9 shows in elevation the application of the Invention to a paddle wheel.
Figure 9a shows in part plan the arrangement by which the floats L, L, are
maintained in a vertical position, the driving motion being precisely similar to that
described with reference to Figure 7.
Figures 10 and 11 show the application of the Invention to a printing machine:
M is a disc carrying bars A cranked as in the five previous Figures, to which are
attached plattens N fitted with inking rollers P and distributing rollers P¹; R is the
blanket roller. The machine is driven by two wheels R1, R¹, attached respectively to
the disc M and blanket roller R. The distributing rollers receive their motion from
the spur wheel S, which has cams upon it drawing the inking rollers round, and
giving them a lateral motion at the same time..
The action of the machine is as follows:--By turning the axis of the disc M tho
wheels R, R¹, give motion to the blanket roller, the plattens following each other
with the inking rollers passing over the surface of each platten twice during each
revolution. The inking rollers P come in contact with the distributing rollers P¹.at
b

page_text: each revolution. The operation of printing is effected by passing the sheet or web
of paper (as shown more clearly in Figure 11; Sheet 2) between the plattens and
the blanket roller when it is delivered on the opposite side duly printed.
Figure 11 shows a similar application of the Invention to a newspaper printing
machine, the same letters of reference as in Figure 10 referring to similar parts in
.this Figure.
Knives arranged in a similar manner to the plaiters in Figure 8 may be used to
sever or cut the papers as printed.
Figure 12 (Sheet 2) shows the Invention as applied to a shearing, cutting, or
shaping machine. A, A, are two bars or beams (of suitable strength to perform the
work required) having holes in which are fixed (preferably in the lower bar A)
cylindrical bars a, a, and loose in the upper bar A. The ends of the bars A, A,
are cylindrical, and take into holes in the wheels B, B, B, B, which are pivotted at
b, b, b, b, and fitted into the bearings c, c, c, c, in the framing C.
The machine is put in motion by turning the shaft D (Figure 2), to which are keyed
two pinions d geared to the wheels B, B, on the lower bar A, also geared to the wheels
B, B, on the upper bar A, and by revolving round the cylindrical ends of the bars
A, A, impart a reciprocating and drawing-forward motion to the bars or beams A, A.
The machine has the. up-and-down motion of the press, and the drawing-forward
motion of a pair of rolls, and can be massively constructed. Shearing blades may
be bolted to the top and bottom bars, guides fixed to suit work of all kinds, punching,
cutting, reducing bars, iron nails, tacks, iron washers, screw blanks, shoulder wire in
continuous or short lengths, envelopes, boot soles, rivets; in fact it can be used in an
innumerable number of trades..
Where extra power is required, a screw E may be inserted, as shown, in the lower
bar A, A, to one end of which screw is attached a platten F, and at. the other
end a double-armed lever G, 'with friction rollers H, H, is provided as shown.
The object of this appliance is to cause the platten to rise a very small distance
when the cutting or other tools meet in the centre, thus bringing a powerful screw
or pinch action on the article being operated upon. This is effected in the following
manner-When the bar is drawn forward by the rotation of the machine one of
the friction rollers comes in contact with an adjustable pin, which causes the screw
to turn and raise the platten any required distance, and as the bar returns, the
opposite action takes place. The platten may thus be raised or lowered at each
revolution or operation if desired.
.
Any number of screws desired may be employed to operate shearing, cutting,
enbossing, and other tools, and very powerful machines may thus be constructed.
Figure 13 shows a cranked bar A working in geared sleeve bearings B, which
revolve round the cranked axis of the same bar by means of the gearing wheels
C, C, and driving pinions C₁, C₁. The sizes of the gearing wheels on either.side are
in the same relative proportion to each other. One cutting or shearing blade is
shown attached to the cranked bar, and another on vibrating trunnions at the base
of the machine. The cranked bar takes into the forked levers E on either side of.
the trunnion bar A¹.
It is obvious that other tools to effect shaping, punching, shearing, and other
operations upon metal and fabrics in general may be applied to this machine.
The action of the machine is as follows:-By turning the driving shaft D the
pinions C¹, C, take into the gearing wheels C2, C², causing the sleeve bearings B
to revolve round the axis of the cranked bar A, which thus rises and falls at each
revolution of the said sleeve bearings. The knives or other tools are thus brought
in contact with each other, and the cutting or other operation is thus effected.
Figures 14 and 14a show in elevation and plan respectively an appliance fully
explained with reference to Figure 19, Sheet 3.
Figures 15 and 15ª show my cranked appliance as a stern propeller. In these
Figures the driving shaft A passes through the plate B (attached to the body of the
vessel to be driven or propelled), the shaft A having a crank Cattached to the;
triangular plate D, through which two other cranks c, c, pass at one end, and at

page_text: the other end pass through the fixed plate B, into which they are pivotted. The
crank pins of the cranks c, c, are sufficiently prolonged to enable each to carry a
screw propeller E, which is keyed thereto.
The action is as follows:-By rotating the driving shaft A the crank C and the
cranks c, c, cause the triangular plate D and the screw propellers E to revolve in
their respective orbits (shown in dotted lines e, e, e).
Figure 16 (Sheet 3) shows the Invention applied to a road-sweeping machine
attached to a cart, the bars A having brushes B attached to them, and so geared
as to have a greater circumferential velocity than the wheels of the cart, by which
a strong sweeping action is produced. The refuse may be swept into a box attached
to the machine.
Figure 16a shows detached one of the brushes fitted to my cranked appliance.
Figure 17 shows the cranked appliance attached to a cart. Various tools, some
of which are shown in Figures 17%, and 17b, and 17c, for scraping, collecting, raking,
or harrowing land, may be attached to the appliance.
Figure 18 shows my Invention as applied to operate the rakes of a reaping
machine.
Figure 19 is a modification of Figures 12 and 13. In this Figure the bar A
has a pin B passing through the centre, and through a quadrant plate C. The
centre pin B is secured by a nut D, shown in Figures 14 and 14ª. The bar A. is
also provided with two set screws and nuts E to allow of the tool attached to
pin B being set angularly to the axis of rotation of the machine. By this means
the process of straight or angular plaiting, or folding, or crimping may be effected.
The lower bar carries a corresponding arrangement.
Figures 20 and 20a show in elevation and part plan respectively the application
of my Invention to a cutting apparatus. In these Figures A is the driving shaft,
to which are attached two discs B, B, having holes, in which two cranks C, C, are
pivotted. The knife blades are attached to the crank arms C, C, which take into
corresponding discs b, b, at the opposite end; these discs b, b, are fitted to revolve
on a pin D. One disc of each series is toothed, and takes into correspondingly
toothed wheels E, E.
Immediately under the pin D is the shaft H, to which the toothed wheel E is
keyed, as also the pinion I which carries an endless chain K, which in its turn
takes into another pinion I on the shaft J; this shaft J also carries the toothed
wheel E, which takes into the toothed disc B on the shaft A.
The action of the machine is as follows:-By turning the shaft A motion is
imparted to the toothed wheels B, E, and by means of the endless chain and pinion I
to the toothed wheels b, E, imparting a rising and falling motion over and around
each other, the knife blades or other tools being arranged to suit this action.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the construction of cranked bars
carrying tools or projections, the said bars with the tools thereon being carried
round (without revolving on their own axes) by the revolution of discs, circular
plates, or the links of endless chains, in which the ends of the said crank bars are
fitted, the said discs, circular plates, or endless chaius being set one in advance of
the other on each side of the framing of the machine, as herein-before described, and
substantially as shown in the annexed Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hesketh Hughes, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of January, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eight.
HESKETH HUGHES. (L.S.)