IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MINCING MEAT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hubert Dollman, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR MINCING MEAT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hubert Dollman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1881.
HUBERT DOLLMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MINCING MEAT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of machines for
mincing meat and other substances in the manner herein after described.
In constructing a mincing machine according to my Invention I make the body
of the machine of a horizontal cylindrical case closed at both ends. A hollow axis
works in the said case, the said axis having a long bearing at one end of the case.
Within the said hollow axis a solid axis works. The said axes project a considerable
distance from the casing at one end, and the projecting part of the hollow axis is
furnished with a toothed wheel.
The projecting part of the solid axis is provided with a pinion. Motion is given
to the two axes by means of toothed wheels on an external axis under the case and
parallel to the internal axes. The toothed wheels on the external axis are so
proportioned to the toothed wheel and pinion on the hollow and solid internal
axes, that the hollow axis rotates at the same rate as the external axis, while the
solid internal axis rotates much faster. The external axis may be turned by hand
by means of a winch, or may be driven by steam or other power. On the summit
of the case and near that end at which the driving gear is situated is a hopper,
in which the material to be minced is put and from which it descends into
the case.
A series of knives are fixed in the case at the hopper end, the said knives being
situated by preference horizontally. The interior of the case is provided with
these knives for about half its length. On that part of the hollow axis occupying
the hopper end of the case a series of oblique or screw like blades is fixed, the said
blades on the rotation of the hollow shaft passing between the fixed knives.

page_text: .
The other part of the axis carries an archimedean screw, having nearly the same
diameter as the interior of the cylinder. That end of the case in which the
archimedean screw is situated is closed by a plate of hardened and tempered steel,
having in it a series of either circular or oblong holes the sides of which are
inclined to one another, the smaller diameter of the holes being on the external
side of the plate. The end of the solid internal axis projects through the centre of
this plate and carries one, two, or more radial or nearly radial cutting blades,
working closely upon the perforated steel plate closing the case.
-
The action of the machine is as follows:-The meat or substance to be minced is
placed in the hopper and the external axis made to rotate.
The meat or other substance is carried by the rotating blades against the fixed
knives and thereby divided into small pieces. The meat or other substance is
carried by the archimedean screw to the end of the case, and forced through the
holes in the closing steel plate. As it is being forced through the said holes,
the rotating cutting blades passing rapidly over the said plate form cutters
with the sharp edges of the holes and finely divide or mince the material
under operation.
When the machine is used for mincing meat for sausages, the minced meat may
be delivered from the mincing machine into a filling machine worked by a
prolongation of the solid internal axis.
In order to keep the cutting edges of the holes in the closing plate in a proper
working state, they require to be ground from time to time. For this purpose I
employ a grinder, consisting of a cylinder of stone or grinding material, the end of
which is conical or hemi-spherical. By giving rapid rotation to this grinder the
holes in the plate may be ground to a sharp edge.
This grinder may be rotated by being temporarily fixed on the end of the
internal solid axis.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Hubert Dollman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th December 1881.
HUBERT DOLLMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MINCING MEAT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of machines for
mincing meat and other substances in the manner hereinafter described.
In constructing a mincing machine according to my Invention I make the body
of the machine of a horizontal cylindrical case closed at both ends. A hollow
axis works in the said case, the said axis having a long bearing at one end of the
case. Within the said hollow axis a solid axis works. The said axes project a
considerable distance from the casing at one end and the projecting part of the
hollow axis is furnished with a driving pulley.
The projecting part of the solid axis is provided with a pulley. Motion is given
to the two axes by means of chain or band gearing and driving pulleys on an
external axis under the case and parallel to the internal axes. The driving pulleys
on the external axis are so proportioned to those on the hollow and solia internal
axes that the solid internal axis rotates much faster than the hollow axis. The
external axis may be turned by hand by means of a winch, or may be driven by
steam or other power.
On the summit of the case and near that end at which the
driving gear is situated is a hopper, in which the material to be minced is put and
from which it descends into the case.
A series of knives is fixed in the case at the hopper end, the said knives being
situated by preference horizontally. The interior of the case is provided with
these knives for about half its length. On that part of the hollow axis occupying
the hopper end of the case a series of oblique or screw-like blades is fixed, the
said blades on the rotation of the hollow axis passing between the fixed
knives.
The other part of the axis carries an archimedian screw having nearly the same
diameter as the interior of the cylinder. That end of the case in which the
archimedian screw is situated is closed by a plate of hardened and tempered steel,
having in it a series of either circular or oblong holes, the sides of which are
inclined to one another, the smaller diameter of the holes being on the external
side of the plate. The end of the solid internal axis projects through the centre of
this plate, and carries one, two, or more radial or nearly radial cutting blades
working closely upon the perforated steel plate closing the case.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The neat or substance to be minced
is placed in the hopper and the external axis made to rotate.
The meat or other substance is carried by the rotating blades against the fixed
knives and thereby divided into small pieces. The meat or other substance is
carried by the archimedian screw to the end of the case and forced through the
holes in the closing steel plate. As it is being forced through the said holes the
rotating cutting blades passing rapidly over the said plate form cutters with
the sharp edges of the holes and finely divide or mince the material under
operation.
When the machine is used for mincing meat for sausages the minced meat may
be delivered from the mincing machine into a filling machine.

page_text: The perforated plate and cutters working against it may be used alone for
effecting the mincing instead of in combination with the rotating blades and fixed
horizontal knives, as described.
I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings,
the manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal vertical section, and Figure 2 in end
elevation a mincing machine constructed according to my Invention. Figure 3 is
a vertical section of the perforated steel plate of the machine detached.
Figure 4 represents a side elevation, and Figure 5 an end elevation of the
machine supported on a stand together with the driving arrangement, the said
Figures 4 and 5 being drawn to a smaller scale than Figures 1, 2, and 3.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
a is the cylindrical case of the mincing machine. It is closed at one end by the
plate which carries a long tubular bearing c within which the hollow axis d
works. In the said hollow axis d a solid axis e works. On the end of the hollow
axis d is a driving pulley f, and on the end of the internal solid axis e is a smaller
driving pulley g. The other end of the cylindrical case a is closed by the perforated
steel plate h, the latter being fixed in its place by the ring or partly open plate i
secured by screws passed through holes at l, l, in the said ring taking into the end.
of the case a.
The shape of the perforations in the fixed steel plate his best seen
in the section, Figure 3. The lower half of the ring i is open at , the said part k
constituting the outlet passage of the machine. The solid axis e passes through
the cylindrical block m in the case a, and also through the fixed perforated steel
plate h, the said solid axis having on the end protruding through the steel plate h
the knife or knives n, n, which work closely against the outer face of the said
plate h. In the middle of the perforated steel plate l is a conical bearing p in which a
conical part e² on the solid knife axis e fits and turns. By means of the said
conical bearing p and conical part e² of the axis great steadiness in the motion of
the said axis is secured; q is the archimedian screw by which the material to be
minced is fed to the dividing or mincing part of the machine. This feeding
screw is fixed upon or made in one piece with the block m, and is driven from
the hollow axis d by means of a stud on the disc or plate 2 of the said axis d,
taking into the said screw, as seen in Figure 1. a² is an opening in the top of the
case a, over which is fixed the hopper a³ (see Figures 4 and 5).
The two concentric axes d, e, are driven at different speeds by the arrangement
represented in Figures 4 and 5; s is a driving axis under the case a, and turning
in a bearing carried by the upright or stand t. On the said driving axis s are two
driving pulleys f³, g², of different diameters, the larger pulley 2 being situated
opposite the small pulley g on the solid internal axis c, and the small pulley f* on
the driving axis being situated opposite the larger pulley f on the hollow axis d.
The driving axis s is worked by the winch ; or it may be worked by steam or
other motive power by fixing on the said axis a driving pulley. The two pairs
of pulleys ff, and g, g², are geared together by chain or band gearing, not shown
in the Drawing. By the motion of the driving shaft s and the geared pulleys f,ƒ²,
g, g, a slow rotatory motion is given to the hollow axis & working the archimedian
feeding screw g, and a rapid rotatory motion is given to the solid axis e working
the cutter or cutters n, n.
Instead of the geared pulleys f, f, g, g², toothed gearing may be used.
The meat or other substance to be minced being placed in the hopper a³ it falls
into the case a. By the working of the driving axis sa slow motion is given to
the screw q, and the material is carried forward in the case a and forced through
the holes in the fixed perforated steel plate h. As the material is being forced
through the holes in the said plate h, the rapidly rotating blades n, n, passing over
the said plate form cutters with the sharp edges of the holes or perforations in it,
and divide or mince the material under operation, the minced material escaping
from the machine at the end k.

page_text: Instead of making the axis & carrying the archimedian screw hollow, and placing
the solid axis e carrying the rotating knife within it, the axis d may be made solid,
and the axis e made to work independently of the axis d, but I prefer the arrange-
ment represented in the Drawings.
A plate with a series of radial slits may be substituted for the perforated
plate h, represented in the Drawings, and in place of the rotating knife or
knives n, n, a perforated rotating disc may be used, or a knife or bar may be made
to rotate against a series of fixed bars or knives. Or a series of fixed perforated
plates and rotating knives may be used instead of a single fixed plate, and a
rotating knife or knives, the rotating knives being worked at the same or at
different speeds. In this modification one perforated plate is fixed a short distance
behind the other plate, and the holes in the several plates diminish in size towards
the outlet of the machine.
By the use of the compound arrangement of the fixed perforated plates and
rotary knives, the meat or material is minced finer and finer as it passes in
succession through the several perforated plates. The spindles of the knives in this
modification are made hollow to permit the driving axis or axes to pass through
them.
Figure 6 represents in side elevation partly in section with a portion removed,
Figure 7 in cross section, and Figure 8 in plan, a mincing machine constructed
according to my Invention, in which the meat or material has a preliminary
mincing given to it before it is forced through the perforated plate (or plates) to
be further divided or minced. Figure 9 represents the cover by which the pro-
pelling blades and the recess in which the fixed knives work are covered.
v, v, are the fixed horizontal knives secured in the case a, a, at the hopper end.
In this machine one half a of the case is furnished with the knives v, v, and the
other half a contains the archimedian screw, and the fixed perforated plate and
the cutters of the same as herein before described; w, w, are distance pieces between
the knives v, v, the said distance pieces w, w, and knives v, v, being bound together
by the screw bolt w². On the hollow axis d which works the archimedian screw
in the part a² of the case is a series of oblique or screw like blades or propellers x, x,
the said blades on the rotation of the hollow shaft d passing between the fixed
knives v, v.
The meat or substance to be minced having been placed in the hopper, falls into
the part of the case, and is carried by the rotating blades or propellers x, x,
against the fixed horizontal knives v, v, and thereby divided into small pieces. The
divided meat is then carried by the archimedian screw in the part a² of the case,
and forced through the holes in the perforated fixed plate at the end of the said
part a, where it is further divided by the action of the rotating knives on the
other side of the said fixed perforated plate as herein before described with respect
to the first described arrangement of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the nanner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention,-
First. The construction and arrangement or combination of the parts of machines
for mincing meat and other substances herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, the com-
bination of a rotatory knife or knives working against one side of a perforated
plate, with a rotating archimedian screw on the other side of the perforated plate,
the said rotating knife or knives and archimedian screw being carried by different
axes, the knife or knives rotating with greater rapidity than the archimedian screw,
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The modifications described in which a rotating perforated dise is used
in place of the rotating knife or knives, and a series of perforated plates and
rotating knives is used instead of a single perforated plate and its knife or knives.
Thirdly. The arrangement or combination of parts described and illustrated in
Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying Drawing, in which the axes are used

page_text: respectively to work the screw like blades and the feeding screw in the case of the
machine, and the rotating knives of the fixed perforated plate or plates of the
machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hubert Dollman, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty third day of December, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.