Year: 1896

page_text: ements
ugus.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GILFILLAN GREAVES, of Cradock, Cape Colony, at present
residing at the Craven Hotel, Craven Street, Strand, in the County of London,
England, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to provide a plough for ploughing land which
can be worked in either direction and traversed to and fro across or along the land
to be ploughed without turning the plough; and also to provide means whereby
the draught power can be transferred from one end to the other end of the plough
without detaching the draught chain or rope from the plough.
According to my invention the plough share is formed with a double share
with a nose or penetrating point at each end and the mould board or a portion of
the mould board is arranged so as to be capable of moving or of being moved into
position to form a continuation of the curve of either portion of the double share
as required according to the direction in which the plough is traversing or is to be
traversed. By this arrangement the direction of traverse of the plough can be
reversed and the penetrating noses of the share be caused to act alternately without
the necessity for turning the plough round at the end of the furrow. To enable the
draught power to be applied to either end of the plough without detaching
the draught chain or rope from the plough, I connect to the two ends of the frame
a rod bar or guide which may extend over the top or along the side of the frame
or bar which carries the share or shares to which rod bar or guide the draught
chain or rope is connected by a device which can slide along the said rod bar or
guide so that when the direction of traverse of the plough is to be reversed it is
only necessary to slide the connecting device from the one end to the other end
of the bar rod or guide without detaching the draught chain or rope from the
plough so that in the case of ploughs worked by animal power, by simply leading
the draught animals from the one end to the other end of the plough the reversal
of the draught is effected.
Two or more plough shares of the kind hereinbefore described may be combined
in one frame to plough two or more furrows at the same time in which case the
shares are arranged to operate one in advance of another and the frame is con-
structed in parts each carrying a share and so connected together that when the
direction of traverse of the plough is reversed or is to be reversed the proper rela-
tive positions of the shares as regards lead are maintained by one part of the frame
(in the case for example of a plough with two shares) moving relatively to the
other to bring the leading share into proper position to act during the reverse
line of traverse of the plough. This change in position of the shares may be
effected in any suitable way for example by carrying each share on a separate
beam these beams being connected by radius bars say for example somewhat after
the manner of a parallel rule so that when the draught power is transferred from
one end to the other end of the plough the beams carrying the shares alter their
relative positions longitudinally and so alter the relative positions of the shares.

page_text: The supporting and guiding wheels of the plough are arranged so that their
positions can be altered when the relative positions of the ploughs are altered.
This may be effected as follows:-There are practically three wheels viz:-two
furrow wheels on one side and one land wheel on the other side of the plough.
These wheels are carried by crank arms connected to a lever or handle arranged
to be operated either by hand or by means of the draught chain or the like in the
act of changing the draught power from one end to the other end of the plough
so as to cause the furrow wheel which was in operation when ploughing in one
direction to be raised out of the furrow and the other furrow wheel to descend
into the furrow last made. The land wheel may be operated by the same lever
or handle to bring it into its proper positions. When the plough is not at work
or when shifting its position to start ploughing the wheels may be brought to such
a position that they will all run on the unploughed land and raise the plough
shares above the ground.
Dated this 28th day of October 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47-Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Ploughs.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GILFILLAN GREAVES of Cradock, Cape Colony, Farmer, do
hereby declare the nature of my Invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention has for its object to provide a plough which can be worked in
either direction and traversed to and fro across, or along, the land to be ploughed
without turning the plough, and also to provide means whereby the draught power
can be transferred from one end to the other end of the plough without detaching
the draught chain or rope from the plough.
The Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying draw-
ings, in which:-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a triple or three-share plough constructed accord-
ing to my invention, in its inoperative position, that is with the plough shares
raised off the ground.
Figure 2 is a side elevation (corresponding to Figure 1) shewing the plough in
its operative position for working in the direction indicated by the arrow 2."
Figure 3 is a plan of Figure 2.
Figure is a plan of the plough arranged for working in the direction indicated
by the arrow 4.
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a side elevation, and a plan, of one of the
double plough shares arranged in the manner shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figures 7 and 8 are elevations of respectively opposite sides of one of the
plough shares arranged in the manner shewn in Figure 4.
Figure 9 is a plan of a modified form of the plough share.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the various Figures of the drawings.
I will describe my invention first as applied to a multiple plough, having three
shares as shewn in the accompanying drawings, although it is not limited to that
number.
According to my Invention each of the plough shares A, A1, A2, is formed
double with a nose or penetrating point a at each end, and the mould-board or
a portion a' thereof is hinged to the share so as to be capable of moving, or of

page_text: being moved, into position to form a continuation of either portion of the double
share, for example, it may form a continuation of either the right hand portion as
shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6, as when the plough is being moved in the
direction indicated by the arrow 2 in Figure 2, or, the left hana portion as shewn
in Figures 4 and 7, as when the plough is being moved in the direction indicated
by the arrow 4 in Figure 4. By this arrangement if the direction of traverse of
the plough be reversed without turning the said plough the penetrating points a
and opposite sides of the mould-board a will be caused to act alternately.
To enable the draught power to be applied to either end of the plough without
detaching the draught chain or rope from the plougn, I connect to the two ends
of the frame or beam B which carries the share A, a rod or guide ( which extends
over the top and along the "land" side of the frame or beam B, that is to say the
side adjacent to the unploughed land.
The draught chain or rope (which is not represented in the drawings) may be
connected to the rod or guide C by a link c, so that when the direction of traverse
of the plough is to be reversed, it is only necessary to lead the draught animals
from the end of the plough to which they are then attached around the land side of
the plough to the opposite end, when the link or connecting device e will either
automatically, or with but little assistance, travel along the rod or guide C into
the proper position for the reversed operation of the plough.
When, after the plough shares have ploughed in one direction, the plough is
traversed in the opposite direction the movable mould-boards a¹ of the said shares
by the pressure of the earth against them, will automatically turn into the
position necessary for ploughing in the reverse direction.
The movable mould-boards a¹ may be provided with an arm a projecting
through to the back of the share and adapted by bearing against fixed parts of
the share, to limit the swinging movement of the portion a¹ to the required
extent, or any other suitable stop may be provided for this purpose.
On the frame or beam B I pivot two short shafts D on each of which are secured
two arms d d'. On the arms & are pivotted furrow wheels and the arms d
are connected by links with an arin e secured on a shaft E which is mounted in
bearings E connected to the frame or beam B. B. The shaft E is preferably
tubular and is bent down at one end and has mounted on this end a wheel e¹
which serves as a carrying wheel for supporting the plough when the shares are
off the ground as shewn in Figure 1. Into the open end of the tubular shaft E
is fitted a shaft E2 which is capable of sliding longitudinally therein but is pre-
vented from rotating independently of the said shaft by means of a "feather"
and key way or other suitable device. The shaft E2 passes through a bearing F
on which a frame or guide F1 secured to the movable framing of the plough is
capable of moving but only in a direction transverse to the axis of the shaft E².
At each side of the bearing F the shaft E is provided with collars e which ensure
that while the said shaft is free to rotate in this bearing any lateral motion
imparted to the latter will also be imparted to the shaft as hereinafter more par-
ticularly described. The outer end of the shaft 2 is bent down and carries a
wheel e which when the plough is in operation runs on the land at the side of the
plough at which the land is unploughed; this wheel is hereinafter referred to as
the land wheel."
G is a hand lever secured at its lower end on the shaft E and provided with a
spring controlled bolt G adapted to engage with the teeth or recesses of a locking
quadrant G2 mounted on the frame B. By means of the lever G the wheels d² d³
and ele³ may be moved into either of their three necessary positions in which they
may be retained by means of the bolt .G' and locking quadrant G³.
The plough shares A¹ A2 are respectively carried on beams or frames B¹ B
which are connected to each other and to the beam or frame B by two or more
radius bars B3 which admit of the plough shares A1 A2 being moved to either side
of the share A as shewn in Figures 3 and 4 respectively.

page_text: The before described frame F is secured to the beam or frame B2 and when by
reason of the draught being changed from one end to the other end of the plough,
the frames and F are caused by the radius bars B3 to swing first away from,
and then towards the beam or frame B the said frame F by acting through the
bearing on the shaft collars e carries the shaft E and land wheel e
(independently of the shaft E and carrying wheel e) along with it in the cor-
responding directions; at the same time the frame F slips in its longitudinal
direction freely over the bearing F and by reason of the before-mentioned key or
"feather" the land wheel e³ remains co-axial with the carrying wheel e¹.
On the beam B is secured a frame and on the beam B is secured a frame 1;
these frames bb' serve as stops to limit the extent to which the beams B B B
and the parts carried thereby shall be adjustable in relation to each other.
A chain or chains may be secured to the radius bars B3 or beams or frames B' B°
and to the hand lever G, by which arrangement the movement of the said hand
lever for adjusting the wheels and el e as before described will also assist
in moving the beams or frames B₁ 132 so as to bring the plough-shares A¹ A2 to
one side or the other of the plough share A. This chain is not an indispensable
adjunct as the plough shares A A1 A2 may be caused to change their relative
positions merely by the reversal of the draught from one to the other end of the
plough, the resistance presented by the earth against the plough shares A' A
causing these latter to be swung to the rear of the plough share A.
When the plough is to be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow 2 in
Figure 2 the lever G is moved in the opposite direction which causes the furrow
wheel to descend, the furrow wheel to ascend and by moving the wheels ee
upwards and somewhat in the direction of the arrow 2 allows the plough to descend
so as to bring the plough share on to the ground ready for ploughing. At the end
of the furrow the draught is reversed and the hand lever G is moved in somewhat
the direction of the arrow 2 after which the plough is ready for operation in the
direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow 2.
The multiple plough instead of having three plough shares as shown in the 3
drawings may have two, four, or other number of shares.
A single plough constructed according to this invention would practically con-
sist of the beam B and frame b and the parts directly connected thereto, and the
hand lever G which in this example would only operate the wheels dee
the adjustable beams B B radius bars 1 and plough shares being dispensed with. :
As the width of the single plough would at all times be constant the carrying
wheel e and "land wheel" may be mounted on a rigid shaft instead of on a
telescopic shaft such as is found convenient in a multiple plough.
Instead of forming the reversible mould-board a' of a single thickness as shewn
in Figures 1 to 8 inclusive it may be formed double as shown in Figure 9, which
will better allow of its being made in various shapes.
By the term "plough-body" hereinafter used in the claims I mean the part
comprising the stationary portions of the mould board and the plough shares fitted
thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said a
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A plongh-body having two penetrating points at opposite ends so that it may
le operated in opposite directions, substantially as herein before described.
2. The combination with a plough-body having two penetrating points at oppo-
site ends of a reversible mould-board or reversible portion of a mould-board
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
3. The combination with a plough fitted with a double plough-body or double
plough-bodies, of wheels such as dee and a hand lever connected so as to
operate all of these wheels simultaneously, substantially in the manner and for
the purpose herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 4. A plough having two or more double plough-bodies each mounted on a beam
or frame such as B B or B2 all of which are connected together by radius bars
such as B3 substantially as herein before described with reference to the accom-
panying drawings.
5. A modification of the reversible plough as claimed by the preceding claiming
clauses in which the bearing F of the axle E2 slides on the plough-beam B and
the axle E is removably connected with the axle E of the transport wheel so that
the wheels can follow the reversing of the frame.
6. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a plough with two or
more double plough-bodies substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
1008
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.