Improvements in Apparatus for the Ventilating, Refrigerating, Heating, and the like, of Public and Private Carriages, also Applicable to Halls and Rooms.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Dec., 1887
Complete Left, 24th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 22nd June, 1888
Improvements in Apparatus for the Ventilating, Refrigerating,
Heating, and the like, of Public and Private Carriages, also
Applicable to Halls and Rooms.
We HENRY CARTER and THOMAS ALFRED CARTER, gentlemen, of 3 Unity Street,
College Green, in the City and County of Bristol do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
In carrying our invention into practice we fit within a tubing, or casing, a piston,
or shaft, and attach thereto a required number of fans which revolve with the piston,
or shaft, within a fan chamber which chamber is supplied with external air and con-
nected with the tubing, or casing, in which the piston or shaft is fitted. The tubing,
or casing, is connected to the carriage in a suitable position at the side, and extends
within the carriage underneath the seating; the outer end of the piston, or shaft,
extends beyond the tubing, or casing, through a collar, or socket, in which it works,
and is capped with a circular collar of india rubber, or other suitable material, which
comes in contact with the tyre of the wheel and is actuated by its revolution. The
inner end of the piston or shaft which extends into the tubing underneath the seating
of the carriage, is fitted with a spiral spring, which draws the piston, or shaft,
inwards, and displaces its outer end from contact with the tyre of the wheel when
required. To place the shaft in gear with the wheel, a draw-cord is passed through
the seating of the carriage, on pulling which the occupant is enabled to depress the
spiral spring of the shaft and thus force the latter outwards, which brings the collar
in contact with the tyre of the carriage wheel as described, when the shaft, and the
fans attached thereto, are then actuated by the revolution of the carriage wheel as
described.
The draw-cord is retained taut by means of a ring or other suitable attachment at
its end being placed upon a hook. When it is desired to discontinuo the operation
of the fans the draw-cord is detached and dropped from the hook and the pressure
upon the spiral spring of the shaft being removed by the slackening of the draw-
cord the shaft is drawn inwards and out of gear with the wheel of the carriage.
A case or container for liquid is connected with the fan chamber by a pipe, which
nine nasses to the surface or into the liquid.

page_text: When the fans are in operation the air is driven down the pipe upon the surface
of the liquid and deprived of the particles of dust and other substances which it
contains and is then discharged through a pipe of asbestos or other suitable material
which connects a coil of piping contained in a separate case or container, and thence,
through the said coil into a receptacle for receiving the sponge or other medium for
carrying the required material for diffusion and it is then conveyed into the carriage
or apartment through a suitable diffuser connected with the chest or container.
Instead, however, of placing the sponge or other medium for carrying the material
required to be diffused within a separate chest or container as described it may be
placed in the upper part of the liquid container or in any suitable position.
For heating purposes the aforesaid coil of piping may be warmed by an oil or
spirit lamp or other suitable means which heats the air during its passage through it.
For the purpose of refrigerating the air passed through the apparatus, ice, or iced
liquid, may be placed in the container or containers. In order to ensure a regulated
volume of air,the chests or containers may be if required, connected with a suitable
bellows which would act as an air chamber, storing the supply and passing it
through the diffuser in an equalized volume.
A pressure may be maintained upon the bellows by means of a spiral spring of
the required resistance, being fitted between it and the under part of the seat and
also provided with a safety valve retained closed by means of a spiral spring connected
to the valve key.
Upon the bellows becoming overcharged the head of the valve key is depressed
against the under part of the scat which opens the valve and discharges the excess
vapour. For heating purposes the coil fitted within the bottom of the container
may be heated by means of a spirit or other lamp suitably connected therewith.
In the application of our invention for use in halls or rooms the shaft and fans,
may be driven by a small engine or any other suitable motive power.

page_text: IT CATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Ventilating, Refrigerating,
Heating, and the like, of Public and Private Carriages, also
Applicable to Halls and Rooms.
We HENRY CARTER and THOMAS ALFRED CARTER of 42 City Road Bristol and
in the City and County of Bristol, Professors of Music do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In carrying our invention into practice, we fit in the upper portion of the
machine or apparatus a fan or bellows which is actuated by a spring or by any other
suitable motive power to rapidly revolve a fan or cause to blow by a bellows which
has the effect of driving a current of air briskly upon the surface of the liquid stored
at the base.
The liquid may consist of any disinfectant or water of any kind which may be
considered necessary, and then passes through a tube into the room or carriage, the
novelty of our invention is the washing of the forced air from all impurities which
adheres to the liquid before delivery, ice may be used in the liquid for cooling
purposes, and a bath of water mixed with sea salt may be used, which we consider
has a tendency to arrest impurities, or any disinfectant liquid of choice, a sponge
saturated with perfume or disinfectant if necessary is so placed in the liquid container
that the air receives the perfume or disinfectant after the air has been purified and
cleansed from dust, insects &c., before being received by the occupants of rooms and
carriages, halls &c.
Instead however of placing the sponge or other medium for carrying the material
required to be diffused within, a seperate chest or container, may be so placed in the
upper part of the liquid container, or in any suitable position.
A case or container for the liquid is connected with the fan or bellows chamber
by a pipe or tube which pipe passes to the surface of the liquid when the fan or
bellows are in operation, the air is driven through the pipe from the fan or bellows
chamber into the liquid container, which disturbs the liquid or bath by causing a
hollow place and waves to be made on the surface of the liquid, and the air becomes
deprived of the particles of dust and other substances which it contains and may be
made scented or disinfectant by the medium for carrying the material as described
the force being broken by the liquid receiving the pressure of air the atmosphere
enters the room, carriage, or place from the liquid container imperceptibly without
any undue draft through the air diffuser fresh with an agreeable fragrance and is
inhaled carefully into the lungs, either perfumed, disinfected, or without as preferred.
A fan or other suitable means of propelling the air may be fixed inside or adjoining
the liquid container whereby the issuing volume of air is devided into thin streams
of fine jets, by passing through the disturbed liquid, and then forced from the liquid

page_text: container to the air diffuser to be received and may carry with it any scent, disin-
fectant &c. as described.
For heating purposes we fix a pipe or tube of asbestos or other suitable material
to connect with a coil of metal piping contained in a seperate container, a fire, gas,
Spirit, Oil, or other means of heating may be placed so as to heat the coil of piping
through which the air passes, after the air has been made purified in the liquid
container the coil of metal piping is fitted next to the liquid container, and the air
then receives the perfume or disinfectant from a receptacle placed between the coil
of piping and the air diffuser, and enters the room, carriage, or place warm
and pure.
The perfumed.or disinfected medium may be removed at any time, so that the air
can be made fragrant or disinfected as needed.
For ventilating Railway passengers Carriages, where more force may be required
than from an apparatus as described.
The forced air may be driven by a large apparatus being attached to the Engine
or by a mechanical contrivance attached to the wheels of the fore carriage underneath
the compartment and so work or propel a fan, bellows, or other means of forcing the
air into the liquid container as described, the purified air is then discharged upwards
into a tubing fixed at the top of each passengers compartment and a required sized
piece of flexible tubing with a screw attachment similar to a hose may be fixed and
joined from one carriage to another allowing length and suitable elastic material for
joining piece of tubing in order to work backwards or forwards with the motion of
the butters of each carriage, the air passes through the air diffuser and enters each
passenger's compartment from the upper part of the carriage, a conical tap, similar
to a water tap, is placed between the tubing and the air diffuser which may be
conveniently turned partly on, or full on, or off as preferred by any of the occupants
of each compartment, the mechanism being simple and harmless, in order to ensure
a regulated volume of air, a suitable air chamber or receptacle with a bellows attached
is fixed to the upper part of the rear carriage, a spiral spring is so fixed on the top
of the bellows and an air key, that upon the bellows becoming overcharged the end
of the air key is pressed against a fixture at the back, thus discharging the excess
vapour and avoiding any undue pressure in consequence of which the air enters
through the diffuser of the compartments in an equalised volume, fragrant or
disinfected.
A. Shows the liquid container, which has a glass front, the fan F. is seen working
and displacing the liquid, and washing the air from all foulness before entering the
air diffuser D. for delivery.
B. The cover of the clock work, of which the working is explained, see Plate 2
Fig. 3 side view page 9.
D. The air diffuser.
E. The wooden frame to which the clock work, and covers belonging to large fan M.
and the clock work are fastened to..
F. The fan in the liquid container.
G. The pinion of the fan F which enters the liquid container A perpendicularly
from the clock work under cover B.
H. The Key which fixes on the square of the arbour C. for winding.
1. Handle for carrying the apparatus.
J. Screws and Nuts, for fastening the upper portion of the Machine on to the
liquid container A.
K. The liquid in the container A.
: C. The square of arbour for winding.

page_text: the air passes into the liquid container A as given off by large fan M. when in
operation.
L. The brass shoulder which passes over the large fan M. for the support of this fan
and works in a drilled hole underneath.
I. The back of Handle for carrying.
E. The wooden frame to which the parts of the upper portion of the apparatus
is fastened to.
N. The piece of tubing which is fastened on the top of the liquid container A. and
has to receive the tubing k. which passes over the piece of tubing N. so
that the air forced from the large fan M downwards, enters the tubings k
and N into the liquid container A. to be made purified, perfumed, disinfected,
as required, before delivery from the air diffuser D. as shown in Fig. 1.
PLATE 2. FIG. 3. SIDE VIEW.
C represents the square of arbour which is fitted by the Key H (Plate 1.) to wind
up the main spring inside drum or barrel, the same as in clock work which
actuates all the wheels and fans, each following wheel revolving quicker, the large
fan wheel being the quickest M. The two fans F and M are caused to rapidly
revolve, the large cog wheel O. which is fastened on the barrel revolves wheel P.
immediately below it, and this wheel works on Q in the same manner, and wheel
works on wheel, it will be seen that this R wheel has a bevel tooth wheel fastened
to its side, so that this bevel wheel fits and works another bevel wheel which is
fastened on to pinion G which runs down into the liquid container A. at the same
time the round wheel works the large fan M. much quicker than the bevel wheel
works the smaller fan F. the perpendicular pinion G. is connected with the small
fan F in the liquid container A. this fan F presses the air gradually through the
disturbed liquid K. before delivery, which slowly ascends to the air diffuser D and
avoids any perceptible draught.
The large fan pinion 7. passes through the centre of the wooden frame E, and
works into the brass shoulder L. and extends to X. which is a support for the pinion r.
this support is fixed to avoid the pinion ». being too long owing to the strain likely to be
caused by the large fan M. The large fan cover b. which is shown taken off, has fixed
to it, about a four inch piece of tubing k. and made to pass over another piece shorter N.
so that when the large fan M. revolves, the air is forced downwards from the fan
chamber or inside cover b. through the tubingsk and N. into the liquid container A.
The air after being cleansed as described, ascends through an oblique piece of tubing T.
which is joined to the air diffuser D. shown taken off, it will be seen there is a hook
of wire Ü. fastened underneath the liquid Container A. for the purpose of fixing
sponge, which may be saturated with any perfume or disinfectant is necessary, or the
sponge may be removed.
J. Show Nuts and Screws to fasten the upper portion.
V. Is the Ratchet for the Arbour.
W. Is the Catch which fits to Ratchet.
11
1
a

page_text: P. The which is worked by wheel O.
Q. The wheel which is worked by wheel P.
S. The frame which supports the clock work.
V. The Ratchet fixed on the Arbour Square.
W. The Catch which falls on the Ratchet V.
Y. The Spring which presses on catch W, and keeps the Ratchet in its place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is,
1st. The filtering and purifying of the atmosphere which is forced by the
fans, as the air. becomes deprived of the particles of dust and impurities by
washing, the second fan in the liquid container presses the air gradually through the
flowing and scattered liquid, and clears it from all foulness, which distil and
delivers the air fresh with an agreeable fragance, and without any perceptible
draught.
2ndly. The manner in which the air is forced by clock work or by any other
suitable motive power externally, or from within for the purpose of purifying the
atmosphere as described.
3rdly. After getting rid of the foul air, as the fresh air given off by the
machine forces all foul gases up the chimney, flue, ventilator, or otherwise, the air
can be made perfumed, disinfected, or without, and avoid the sprinkling of disinfectants
about rooms &c.
1 I
T
1000