Improvements in Cork Screws, Augurs, Screw Drivers, and like Tools and Implements.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cork Screws, Augurs, Screw Drivers, and like
Tools and Implements.
I, EBENEZER HOWIE BRAIDWOOD, of 134 Bath Street, Glasgow, Painter and
Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
ame is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
he following statement :-
This invention has for its object to provide tools or implements, such as cork
screws, screw drivers, augurs, and like hand tools, with a pawl and ratchet move-
ment so that instead of, as at present, turning the handle of the tool round
continuously in one direction, it is moved back and forward.
The advantage of this arrangement is that the hand never requires, as at present,
to be removed from the tool, at each partial turn, so that a continuous and uniform
pressure can be maintained and the tool held steadily in position, and, further, the
strain on the wrist is lessened.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have
hereunto appended by way of example two explanatory sheets of drawings,
whereon,
Fig. 1 is a front view partly in section of a cork screw.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan taken on the line x-x Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a front view partly in section of an augur.
Fig. 4 is a plan view, partly in section, of the augur.
Fig. 5 is a front view, with the handle in section, of a screw driver.
Fig. 5 is a section on the line y, y Fig. 5.
On the drawings the same reference letters wherever repeated indicate like
parts.
The cork screw Figs. 1 and 2 has a hole 6 bored vertically through the handle a
for the reception of the head of the shank c which is, as usual, held in place by a
washer c and ring c. This shank which is capable of revolving within the hole b
is provided with ratchet teeth d round it. A spring or other pawl e, which is fitted
in a recess in the handle a and held in place by means of pins e' or equivalent,
works into the teeth of the ratchet in such manner that when the handle a is turned
in one direction the pawl catches in the ratchet teeth and forces the shank c and
its screw round, but, when the handle is turned in the opposite direction, the pawl
slips over the ratchet teeth without moving the shank. It will therefore be readily
understood that by turning the handle a back and forward the screw will be revolved
so as to pierce the cork.
f is a collar on the shank c which retains the handle a in place.
Figs. 3 and 4 show the same arrangement of pawl and ratchet mechanisin
adapted to an ordinary boring augur g. is a cap on the top of the shank of the
augur for the purpose of retaining the handle a in position.
Figs. 5 and 5 show the arrangement of pawl and ratchet mechanism
adapted to a screw driver. As will be seen the driver i is carried right up through
a vertical hole b in the handle a and is held in place by the washer h and the
collar f. d is the ratchet and e the pawl which, as before, is fitted in a recess in the
handle.
It is to be understood that I do not confine myself to any particular form of
pawl and ratchet mechanism nor do I confine myself to its use only with the

page_text: hand tools shown on the drawings as it can be applied to other tools of a like
nature.
I am aware that ratchet drills are used at present and I make no claim for such
class of tools.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
consider novel and desire to claim is :-
Haud tools and implements, such as cork screws, screw drivers, augurs and the
like provided with pawl and ratchet mechanism substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Dated this 17th day of September 1895.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.