IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATING OR SPLITTING OF WARP YARN INTO SINGLE CHAINS OR WEBS AFTER DYEING, WASHING, OR BLEACHING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1877

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Mungall, Manager, Dalmarnock Dye Works,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATING OR SPLITTING OF WARP YARN INTO SINGLE
CHAINS OR WEBS AFTER DYEING, WASHING, OR BLEACHING, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.'
"
Sealed the 5th March 1878, and dated the 7th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Mungall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1877.
ANDREW MUNGALL, Manager, Dalmarnock Dye Works, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATING OR SPLITTING
OF WARP YARN INTO SINGLE CHAINS OR WEBS AFTER DYEING, WASHING, OR
BLEACHING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of motive-power
machine for splitting or separating the many doubled warp yarns, after being dyed,
washed, or bleached into their original single chains, all in a more simple, expeditious,
and perfect manner than has heretofore been done by hand and hand machines.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in the constructing of a
machine with one, two, or more hollow rollers, preferably inade of wood or sheet
metal, and polygonal in cross section along the acting surface, with three or four
flat sides and corners, and iron shafts through them carried by end journals
revolving in bush bearing brackets or side frames screwed to and projecting down
from beams above, and all driven at nearly the same speed and in the same direction
by bands and pulleys on their shafts from each other, or from the first motion roller
or shaft, which might be driven by a fast and loose pulley on it for starting and
stopping, through a belt from any adjacent prime moving shaft, or by tooth gearing
when that is more convenient.
The back rollers would be erected higher than the front one, which would have
one or more large dividing or separating combs erected a little in front of the rollers

page_text: formed by turned or round wooded pins set in and projecting up from a rail or
frame in a row, with space between them, for each single chain to be set in, and
guided to and over the rollers, which, as turned, would, by the frictional drawing
action of the corners, draw forward the whole transverse row or rows of warp
yarn through the pin reeds or combs, which would effectually separate them from
each other, so that the roller would deliver them all finished in this state at the
back of the machine in separate heaps, or into receptacles for receiving them, all
ready for being put up into warp parcels, while they would be taken or led from
the doubled heaps over or through between rollers into the front of this splitting
or separating machine from the boxes or wheeled hutches brought direct from the
dyeing or liquid treating vats, or from the rollers thereof which pressed the liquid
out of them..
And for the better separating of the single chains between the feeding-in rollers
and the dividing combs, a. separate or additional comb might be used in this
position, having a reciprocating motion imparted to it for the better separating of
the doubled chains as they pass throngh this comb; and a similar motion may be
given to the combs close in front of the polygonal drawing rollers for assisting the
spreading of the chains laterally in their receiving wheeled or portable boxes, which,
by another improvement, might be traversed longitudinally or laterally in. sets on
rails, or on the floor below the drawing or delivery rollers, so as to have the warp
chain spread over the whole length or width of the receiving box in regular
layers from bottom to top as delivered; or otherwise, a reciprocating bar or frame
may be used below these delivery rollers, with eyes or other equivalent, through
which the separated chains pass, so that when reciprocated, each chain would be
laid in regular layers in its respective carriage or box, this reciprocating action to
the frame or to the carriages being given by rocking crank axles and connecting
rods fitted and connected to this splitting or dividing machine for the purpose, and
actuated from the first motion or other shaft thereof.
It is to be understood that these new or improved warp chain separating machines
may be erected and used also to take the doubled warps direct from the delivery
squeezing rollers of the dyeing or liquid treating vats, to split or separate them all
otherwise as described; or, so as to deliver the separated chains direct to the drying
machines without the use of receiving and transmitting portable boxes or carriages
on wheels herein-before referred to.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Andrew Mungall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd May
1878..
ANDREW MUNGALL, Manager, Dalmarnock Dye Works, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SEPARATING OR SPLITTING OF
WARP YARN INTO SINGLE CHAINS OR WEBS AFTER DYEING, WASHING, OR BLEACHING,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved construction of motive-
power machines for splitting or reseparating the many doubled warp yarns or
"chains" after being dyed, washed, or bleached into their original single warp
chains or webs, all in a more simple, expeditious, and perfect manner than has
heretofore been done by hand and hand machines.
And in order that the nature and mode of performing my said Invention may
be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the
Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing
the best modes and means I am at present aware of for performing or carrying my
Invention into effect or practice.
Figures 1 and 2 are a complete side elevation and a plan (with the centre part
as broken away to save room on the Sheet) of my new or improved motive-power
machine or mechanism for reseperating the "chains " of yarn warps or webs after
they have been dyed or washed in the doubled state; all constructed in accordance
with and illustrative of one modification of my Invention, and mode of performing
the same.
Referring to these Figures, the nature, novelty, and mode of performing my
Invention consist in constructing the machine or inechanism with one, two, or more
polygonal horizontal rollers A, B, preferably inade hollow, of wood or sheet metal,
the receiving one, A, being here shown triangular in cross section with flat sides,
and acting corners throughout its length for shaking the chains of yarns z, as they are
passed separately over this roller (which may be made with fewer or more flat sides
and acting corners or bars), and formed with an iron shaft A' through it, or with
end centres and end carrying journals, revolving in bush-bearing brackets 1' on
the front lower part of the two side frames 1, screwed to and projecting down
from beams 1 of the roof or floor above, while the delivery roller B is made in
the form of a reel with longitudinal corner rails B". These rollers A, B, whether
two or more are used, are driven at nearly the same speed and in the same
direction by bands passed over pulleys on their shafts A', B¹, from corre-
sponding pulleys on intermediate axles on the first-motion pulley shaft 2, as will
herein-after be described; this shaft being shown as driven by fast and loose pulleys
2 on it for starting and stopping the whole machine through a belt from any
adjacent prime-moving shaft, not shown in the Drawings, but tooth gearing may
be used when that is more convenient.
The back delivery roller B is, preferably, erected higher than the front one A
by its spindle B¹ through slots in the lower ends of the lever 3 of a rocking shaft
31 and frame 3, 31, 3¹¹, and on grooved rollers B¹¹¹, at its ends, so as to be carried
and rolled on the lower rails 11 of the frame 1 while being reciprocated to and
fro by the lever frame 3, 31, 31, which is actuated through the lever 4 and con-
necting rod 41 by the differential slide crank pin disc wheel 5, actuated at a slow
speed by the pinion 5¹ on the first-motion shaft 2, all so as to deliver the split or
seperated chains of yarn into their receiving boxes 2' running on wheel frames or
carriages on the floor X of the yarn-treating or dye house.
It will be understood that the roller or reel B may be carried and revolved in
bush bearings in the lower ends of the rocking levers 3, instead of running by
pulleys B on the lower rails 111; and that the frame 3, 31, 311, may be rocked to
and fro by two connecting rods 41, one attached to each lever 3 of the frame, and

page_text: actuated by two cranks or eccentric crank pin dises 5 on a countershaft, instead of
by the single eccentric pin disc wheel 5, carried on the bracket and stud centre 511,
as shown.
The triangular drum or roller A is driven by the pulley a¹ on the first-motion
shaft 2, and a band or driving cord a passed round this and the pulley a" on its
spindle A¹; while the delivering reel drum B is actuated so as to draw forward.
and deliver the split yarns z at the proportionate, differential, and circumferential
speed due to and to compensate for that of the forward and backward motion of
the delivery roller B and frame 3, 3', by the transmitting band b, passed once
round the pulley b¹ on its spindle, and led to and from it in the line or plane of
its to-and-fro motion over stationery guide pulleys 6", carried on studs on one of
the carrying frames 1, and led up over the pulley 62 on the same hollow axis as the
intermediate belt pulley 63, running loosely on the overhanging end of the rocking
shaft 3', and which is actuated by the crossed belt 6111 from the pulley b' on the
first-motion shaft 2; all as indicated by the arrows in Figure 1. A small roller D
is preferably mounted in journal bearing brackets D' on the frame 1, above the
divided yarns z, behind the roller A, to keep them down on the acting surfaces of
the rollers A, B, with a pressure regulated by the height of the roller D.
A long dividing or seperating comb C, C, is shown erected preferably a little in
front of the roller A, and formed by turned deep wooden or other round pins or
teeth C¹ set in a row, and projecting up from its rail C, reciprocated slowly in guide
frames C", good wide spaces being left between the teeth C¹ for each single warp.
chainz to be set in and guided to and over the receiving and shaking roller A and
delivery roller B at sufficient distance apart to enter and be delivered into their
respective receiving wheeled boxes z¹, brought and placed side by side below the
delivery roller B for that purpose.
For laying and keeping the layers of each chain of yarns z separate laterally and
horizontally in their receiving wheeled or portable boxes 21, a slow to-and-fro
motion is given to the comb frame C, C¹, in its guides C" by the connecting rod C
and revolving crank C³ on the same axis C* as and by the ratchet wheel C carried
on a bracket C, and actuated by the loose working ratchet pawl and bell-crank
lever C through the vertical intermediate connecting rod c and bell-crank c¹ carried
on a stud c³ fixed in the upper part of the frame 1, and by the connecting rod c¹l
from one of the rocking arms 3 of the delivery roller B, which delivers and lays the
layers of yarns longitudinally over each other from the bottom to the top of the
receiving boxes z¹, all as indicated by the arrows in Figure 2.
As the rollers A, B, are swiftly turned, the frictional action of their angled corners
or ridges draw forward the whole transverse row of warp yarns 2, which are
separated or divided by and while passing towards and through the pin reed or
comb C, C¹, assisted by and effectually separated from each other by the shaking
action given to them by the polygonal roller in passing through the comb C, C³,
these finally delivering them all in this divided and finished state at the back of
the machine into different boxes z¹, as stated, or it might be into other receptacles
or separate heaps, all ready to be removed for drying or further treatment, or being
put up into warp parcels or webs.
The doubled.or compound chains of yarn Z to be separated are taken or led from
the heaps or bulk as they are delivered from the dyeing machines, with the liquid
pressed out of them, into the wheeled boxes Z' over the guide rollers D2 carried in
the standard or frame D¹ in front of this splitting or separating machine from the
boxes or wheeled hutches Z¹, two of which are shown in the Drawings, brought
from the dyeing or liquid treating vats; or the chain Z might be brought direct
from the pressing rollers of the vats which pressed the liquid out of them, and led
through between feeding-in rollers D2 (placed in front on hanging frames, as the
other rollers) by the hands of the attendant, who would assist in the first separating
of the single chains of yarn passed over the guide roller D²; but this transverse
horizontal or longitudinal and vertical delivery, laying, or building of the yarn in

page_text: their wheeled boxes might be effected by traversing the boxes 2¹ laterally or
longitudinally in sets on rails, or on the floor below the drawing delivery roller B,
so as to have the warp chain spread over the whole length or width of the receiving
box in regular layers from bottom to top, as delivered, and shown in the Figures;
or otherwise a reciprocating frame, as 31, 3", may be used, with eyes or other
equivalent, through which the separated chains z pass, instead of the delivery roller
B, or below or beyond it when it is not so oscillated, so that when reciprocated each
chain would be laid in regular layers in its respective carriage or box, as before
described. This slow reciprocating action is given to the carriages or the frame
carrying them on rails, or the frame with the eyes by rocking crank axles and
connecting rods, fitted and connected to any of the motive shafts of this yarn
splitting or dividing machine, substantially as shown for traversing the rack C, C',
and frame 3, 3, 3¹¹, or other equivalent arrangement.
For the better separating of the single chains during their onward progress in
front of the feeding-in roller A, or between this and the delivery roller B, an addi-
tional dividing comb might be used in this position, having a jigging reciprocating
motion imparted to it as the chains z pass through the combs; or a similar motion
may be given to the comb C, C', close in front of the polygonal drawing rollers A,
in addition to the slow traversing motion described for delivering the single chains
in horizontal layers in their boxes z¹.
Figures 3 and 4 show a sectional side elevation and an end elevation respectively
of a simple mechanical arrangement of gearing for giving the reciprocating action
to the comb C, C', for separating the chains from each other, in addition to the
slow traversing motion they may have for building or laying these transversely
into their receiving boxes 2¹.
This arrangement consists in mounting the crank pin e (of the connecting rod C2
of the comb C, C',) on a revolving spindle e¹ of its own within the ratchet wheel C¹¹
turned slowly by its pawl and lever C, as in Figures 1 and 2, without the revolving
crank C, as there shown.
The crank pin e is driven quickly by the spur pinion e¹¹, keyed or otherwise
fixed on its spindle e¹ at the back of the ratchet wheel C, and driven by the
internal toothed spur wheel e², gearing into the pinion e", and formed or fixed on
the same eye or hollow axis as the bevel wheel ell, both revolving on the fixed stud
or axis C as the ratchet wheel, all shown in this case as carried on the journal
bearing bracket E of the shaking roller A, so that a bevel pinion e³ keyed on its
spindle A¹ gears into and gives motion to the bevel wheel e¹ of the internal spur
wheel e², which thus by the pinion e" and crank pin e, e¹, quickly reciprocates or
vibrates the comb C and assists in separating the loose threads at the sides of the
adjacent chains as they are parted in being drawn forward to the comb C, CL
It is to be understood that these machines as described in reference to, and
shown in the Drawings, might be made of greater widths and lengths of rollers A, B,
to take in more wheeled boxes Z¹ and z¹ in the row; and that there might be two
or more rows of the latter z' with extra drawing and shaking rollers A, and delivery
rollers B in different horizontal planes with their respective dividing and separating
combs C, C¹, and chains of warp passing through and over them from the same,
or different guide rollers D", and supply boxes Z¹.
It will be further understood that these new or improved warp chain separating
machines may be erected and used also to take the doubled warps Z direct from the
delivery squeezing rollers of the dyeing, or liquid washing or treating vats, to split or
separate them all otherwise substantially as described, or so as to deliver the
separated chains direct to the drying machines, all without the use of receiving
and transmitting portable boxes or carriages Z¹, 2¹, on wheels, as herein-before
described.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not confine myself to the precise details
herein described or delineated, but what I consider novel and original, and there-

page_text: fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
First. The general construction or combination of the parts of a machine or
arrangement of mechanism for the separating of the chains of warp yarns after
they have been dyed, washed, or bleached, all substantially as herein described in
reference to, and shown in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification
thereof.
Second. The use of receiving and delivery polygonal or ribbed rollers A, B, with
stationery or reciprocating dividing combs C, C₁, for drawing, shaking, and re-
separating the "chains" of warp yarns after they have been dyed, washed, or
bleached, substantially as herein described in reference to, and shown in the accom-
panying Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
Third. The construction and use of oscillating delivery rollers B, or reciprocating,
receiving, and dividing combs or hecks C, C¹, in yarn separating machines, sub-
stantially as herein described in reference to, and shown in the accompanying
Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Mungall, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ANDREW MUNGALL. (L.S.).