IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Frederick Chatwin, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES."
Sealed the 8th January 1853, and dated the 6th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Frederick
Chatwin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th October 1852.
I, JOHN FREDERICK CHATWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of causing the bristles or other points em-
ployed to be first woven at one end into a fabric, and then fastening the
woven euds into or on suitable handles, whereby the bristles or other
points will be more securely held.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
the said John Frederick Chatwin in the Great Seal
filed
Patent Office, on the 6th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN FREDERICK CHATWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Frederick Chatwin, Her special licence
that I, the said John Frederick Chatwin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Frederick Chatwin, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Frederick Chatwin, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Frederick Chatwin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists of causing the bristles or other points em-
ployed to be first woven at one end into a fabric, and then fastening the
woven ends into or on suitable handles, whereby the bristles or other
points will be more securely held.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood

page_text: and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means
pursued by me.
I employ a warp of linen or of other yarn or thread of a width
suitable for the length of bristles or other points used, say of a width
such as has heretofore been resorted to for binding like lengths of
bristles on to a handle, and having placed such warps in a loom, I by
treadles cause sheds to be opened, as is well understood, and in place of
throwing a shuttle with weft through such sheds I introduce bristles, a
few into each shed, taking care that the stronger ends of the bristles are
all one way, and that the stronger end of each bristle comes just beyond
the selvage at one edge, the other ends of the bristles extending beyond
the other edge or selvage of the woven fabric a distance depending on
the length of play it is intended to give to the bristles beyond the point
at which they are fixed in the woven fabric. Where the material is
long, such as whalebone, I prefer to have the warp spaced, leaving
intervals equal to the length of points it is desired to have beyond the
part where the points are to be bound or fixed when making a brush.
When the fabric is woven it is to be cut into parts, or the spaces
between the warps may be sufficient in some cases for two lengths of
the protruding points beyond where they are bound or woven into the
fabric, in which case they would be cut into parts intermediate of the
two weavings. The fabrics thus produced by weaving, and having the
bristles or points protruding from one edge or selvage of the fabric, are
now suitable to be made up into brushes, which I do (particularly for
round brushes) by winding the woven part of the fabric around the end
of a handle till the size of brush desired is obtained, and I use like
cementing materials between each succeeding layer of fabric as here-
tofore employed for causing the bristles or points to adhere, or when in
the act of weaving I dip the ends of the bristles into cement, so that
those which are placed in the same shed of the warp may adhere to
each other and to the warp in which they are woven.
And having finished the winding of the fabric on a handle, I complete
the brush by binding as heretofore, or by a band of metal or by any
convenient means. In some cases the woven fabric may be folded and
placed and securely held between two surfaces or other means of fixing

page_text: woven fabrics with bristles, or other suitable points protruding from
one edge or selvage to suitable handles may be resorted to.
What I claim is, the weaving bristles or other suitable points into
fabrics, and fixing them to suitable handles to form brushes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Frederick Chatwin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
JOHN FREDERICK, CHATWIN. (L.8.)
Witness,
JNO. COOK,
12, Cursitor Street.