matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SINGEING PIGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1863.
I, THOMAS WILKINSON, of Rathmines, in the County of Dublin, Commercial
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SINGEING PIGS," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for singeing the carcases
of pigs by means of gas.
The apparatus consists of an iron chamber open at both ends, and having its
interior longitudinally furnished on opposite ends with tubes perforated so as
to emit jets of gas. Sufficient room is left in the centre of this chamber for
the carcases to pass through between the gas jets on either side. Running
longitudinally through the chamber and near the top, which has an arched
roof, is a track supported on uprights at either end, upon which is placed a
small truck, and this is set in motion by an endless chain passing through the
chamber. This chain runs through wheels at both ends. The pigs are hung
from the truck, and the motion which the wheels of this truck acquire in
passing along the track communicate to the carcases hanging from the truck
a rotatory motion while passing through the chamber between the ignited gas
jets, so that on issuing forth at the opposite end they are perfectly singed.
The whole machinery is put in motion by a windlass, which is in immediate
connection with the endless chain above referred to. The gas is supplied to
the jets by a single large tube on either side.
A NEW DIVISION OF TIME, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO MATHEMATICAL AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Santini Fattorini at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1863.
I, SANTINI FATTORINI, of Rue Joubert, No. 3, in the City of Paris, Empire
of France, Optician Mathematician, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW DIVISION OF TIME, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO
MATHEMATICAL AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of a new or improved series of
divisions of time to various instruments, either mathematical, philosophical,
nautical, optical, and others, such as to the universal meridian, the sea and
geometrical compass, longitude and latitude maps, the celestial and terra-
queous globes.
The division of the scales will be made in conformity with the formula which
determines the proportion that as four is to six. so eight is to twelve, and as
twelve is to eighteen so is sixteen to twenty-four, and so on with regard to
the numbers of the squares to infinity.
The division of numbers or scale formed according to this series of propor-
tions is applicable to the following instruments, namely, the universal meridian,
the sea and geometrical compass, the longitude and latitude of maps, the
celestial and terrestrial globes, the protractor, the chronometer, pendulum, and
watch, the sextant, octant, and circle, the. graphometer, the barometer, the

page_text: thermometer, the meter weights and measures, and the universal almanack,
thus creating a new division of time and space, the desired result being
attained by describing a circle around a square and then a square about the
circle, and so on,, thereby increasing the scales or divisions on each circle in
the various proportions before mentioned,
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Railton and IIenry Booth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
6th April 1863.
We, JOHN RAILTON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder,
and HENRY BOOTH, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to keep the surface of the main cylinders of
carding engines clean while at work, and to obviate the necessity of stopping
the engine occasionally for the purpose of stripping the main cylinder.
In performing our Invention we apply a fancy roller to the main cylinder,
which fancy roller is covered with straight card teeth or needle points
radiating from the centre; the surface of the fancy roller runs at a greater
speed than the surface of the main cylinder, consequently the action of the
fancy roller loosens the fibres on the main cylinder, so that when the fibres are
carried forward to the top flats or worker and clearing rollers, they are in a fit
state for being carded and then deposited on the doffer. We apply also a
ruler between the fancy roller and the adjacent clearing roller to prevent the
fibres being taken round the fancy roller.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROCKING HORSES, AND IN GIVING ADDITIONAL MOTION THERETO
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1863. A communication from abroad by William Hignett, of New
York, U. S. of America.
I, THOMAS COPE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Tobacco Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROCKING HORSES, AND IN GIVING ADDITIONAL MOTION
THERETO," a communication to me from abroad by William Hignett, of New
York, U. S. of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved system of connecting a toy horse to
axles and wheels for the purpose of enabling it to have locomotion, and rise up
and down, similar to the natural motion of the living horse when galloping.
Each of the fore legs of the toy horse is jointed at the shoulders to the body,
and at the feet to cranks on a cranked axle, having a wheel at each end, and
the hind legs are jointed to studs or pins on a frame open at that end, and
holding at each side a swivel plate in such manner that both can swivel in the
frame. To the swivel plates is fixed a short axle carrying a wheel which can
swivel with the plates and be used as a guiding wheel. The other end of the
frame is jointed to the cranked axle, and mounted with a cross bar used as
stirrups by the rider and for giving impetus to the wheels. In the mouth of
the horse there is a swivel bit connected at each side with a rein, and also by
a wire with the swivel plate on its opposite side, so that when one rein is
pulled the guiding wheel moves sideways in one direction, and when the other
rein is pulled, in the opposite direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Anderton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
October 1863.
I, JAMES JOHN ANDERTON, of Saint James Street, Northampton, in the
County of Northamptonshire, Currier, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved machine for uniting the upper leathers
of boots or shoes to the soles thereof by means of pegs of wood, brass, iron,
steel, or any other suitable metal, the said machine at the same time
manufacturing the pegs to be employed for the aforesaid purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR CLEANSING MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harben at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1863.
I, HENRY HARBEN, of Oxford Villa, Haverstock Hill, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR CLEANSING
MACHINERY AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I use zostera marina, or other aquatic weed, plant, or grass, either in a
green or dried state, and either whole or in pieces. I steep the plant in a
solution of carbonate of soda, or chloride of lime or any other alkali with
water; when sufficiently steeped, I pass it through rollers, or otherwise
subject it to pressure, subsequently to which I partially dry it by exposure
to air or artificial heat; when a. sufficiency of the moisture is thus removed,
I place it in a machine similar in principle to an ordinary butter churn, in
which the plant is revolved, agitated, and beaten until it is sufficiently
softened and separated longitudinally, the product is then fit for the purposes
to which waste is applicable, and from its fibrous and absorbent qualities,
it is specially applicable to cleansing of machinery.
For this purpose the whole of the plant is made available, and it is not
necessary to extract the fibre only. I obtain the same results from a weak
solution of sulphuric or other acid in lieu of the above-mentioned alkali. I
have taken the plant fresh from the sea, passed it through rollers or subjected
it to pressure, dried it, then passed it through the churn, but my experience is

page_text: that it is not so absorbent as if steeped in a solution, and I claim this appli-
cation as well as the other.
I claim the manufacture of zostera marina, and other aquatic weeds, plants,
or grasses, into a fibrous material, by rendering it more absorbent, as applicable
to cleaning machinery and all or any purposes for which cotton waste is
ordinarily used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF PERISHABLE LIQUIDS DURING THE WITHDRAWAL OR CONSUMPTION THEREOF
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gavin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1863.
I, ROBERT GAVIN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF PERISHABLE LIQUIDS DURING THE
WITHDRAWAL OR CONSUMPTION THEREOF," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the so arranging the containing vessels and their
appurtenances used for holding wine, beer, spirits, or other perishable liquids
that they may be preserved from the immediate or direct contact of the atmo-
sphere during the whole time of their withdrawal for consumption.
In the case of a cask or barrel being the holding receptacle of the liquid
the interior of such cask or barrel is made according to the present Invention
perfectly cylindrical, this cylinder is fitted with an accurately but loosely fitting
disc, float, or diaphragm of wood or other material. When the cask is full of
liquid this disc or diaphragm floats or rests upon the surface of the contained
liquid immediately beneath the cask head, and as the liquid is gradually with-
drawn in the ordinary manner, the disc sinks with the descending level of the
liquid. In this way the liquid is kept entirely or nearly free from contact with
the external atmosphere, as the cask is virtually kept always full of liquid.
In other words the floating or movable disc fulfils the office of a head to the
cask whilst the atmosphere is merely allowed to enter into that portion of the
cask which is contained between the actual fixed head and the top or upper

page_text: surface of the floating disc. The cask or containing vessel to be used according
to this Invention may be made of wood, earthenware, metal, or other material,
and it may be of any internal section provided only that the sides are parallel.
To insure a more accurate fit between the periphery of the disc or float,
packing may be adopted. This may be contrived in various ways; as,
for example, the periphery, or the external edges of the float, may be
grooved out and fitted in with a packing of india-rubber or other suitable
material of cylindrical section. This forms a "rolling packing" or fitting
piece preserving a perfect fit whilst at the same time the frictional effect
is exceedingly small. With these arrangements or modifications thereof
such liquids as are subject to deterioration from atmospheric contact may be
preserved in good order until the whole contents are withdrawn from the con-
taining vessel. Provision is also proposed to be made under this Invention
for the re-introduction to the cask or containing vessel of any superfluous
liquid which has been withdrawn therefrom. This is effected by an inlet pipe
through which the liquid can be poured so as to discharge it into the cask
beneath the diaphragm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK KILNS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Thomalley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1863.
I, ABRAHAM THOMALLEY, of Burgh-le-Marsh, in the County of Lincoln,
Brick Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK KILNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of brick kilns whereby a
considerable saving of time and fuel in burning is effected, whilst the smoke
and noxious vapours are carried off without injuring the surrounding vegetation.
According to this Invention, it is proposed to construct the kiln with a number
of flues which convey the smoke and sulphurous vapours to a tall chimney built
at any convenient distance from the kiln. In some cases two or more kilns
may be combined with one chimney, so that when one kiln is burnt out, the
waste heat may be passed through the other, which has in the meantime
been made ready for firing, thus preparing and drying the bricks before
burning.
This Invention may be readily applied to an ordinary brick kiln by having
a flue or flues built upon the top of the kiln, and communicating by lateral
flues with each other, a descending flue at the side or one end of the kiln
receiving the smoke and vapours from the top flues, and carrying them off to
a tall chimney.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SECURING THE ENDS OF BANDS IN PACKING BALE GOODS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING RIVETS' TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING APERTURES IN THE AFORESAID BANDS OR HOOPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bebbington and Jonathan
Robert Hampson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 31st August 1863.
We, GEORGE BEBBINGTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Salesman, and JONATHAN ROBERT HAMPSON, of the same Place, Packer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SECURING THE ENDS OF BANDS IN PACKING BALE
GOODS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING RIVETS' TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE
PURPOSE, AND ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR FORMING APERTURES IN THE AFORESAID
BANDS OR HOOPS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the securing or fastening together of the ends of
the metallic hoops or bands employed to confine "bale goods" when packed
by pressure; such attachment has been made hitherto by rivets having one
head, the other being made by hammering after the rivet has been passed
through holes in the ends of the band, the same object having been also
effected by means of rivets having two T heads, and passing them through
slots in the bands, which have been found unsteady and insufficient in strength..
Our improvements consist, first, in the use of rivets having one T head and
one circular or "button head," the T head being passed through the slots. in.
the bands, and turned half round the button head, forming a steady and strong
bearing against the band to resist the tension of the band.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in the use of dies or stamps, one-half
the form of the rivet being contained in each die, so that when these halves
are brought together, either by direct steam or lever power, the metal placed

page_text: between them is formed into a rivet, and cut off from the bar of metal by the
cutting edges of the dies.
A third part of the Invention consists in the employment and adaptation of
a cam or eccentric to be worked by a hand lever, so as to force punches in
connection with the cam through the metal, and so form apertures in the
metallic bands for the rivets to be passed through, a plate of metal being
placed behind the punches to receive the pressure.
AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF EMBROIDERY TO COTTON PRINTED FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parkinson and John
Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th March 1868.
We, THOMAS PARKINSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Salesman to Messrs. F. W. Ashton & Comp., and JOHN WOOD, of the same
Place, Embroiderer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF EMBROIDERY TO COTTON PRINTED FABRICS," to bc
as follows:-
Our Invention is designed to produce an economical substitute for the
embroidered fabrics hitherto made of expensive material, such as, for instance:
that class termed "embroidered Bradford goods," and the improvement consis*:
in embroidering with silk, cotton fabrics which have previously been printe
by ordinary processes to resemble or imitate better fabrics, so that by the
application of silk embroidery to cotton fabrics so printed a novel manufactu
is produced wherein good appearance may be cheaply procured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Seaton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1863.
I, CHARLES SEATON, of Queen's Street, May Fair, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the sleepers of the permanent way of railways,
and consists in constructing longitudinal wrought or cast iron sleepers of a
rectangular, semicircular, or other convenient section, laid with their apices
or convex surfaces upwards, and having their corresponding concave surfaces
bedded in the ballast. The rails are of course made so as to fit the surface or
ridge of the sleeper, whether such surface be rectangular, semicircular, or
curved; and, if desired, a cushion of timber or other suitable material may be.
placed between the rail and the sleeper to deaden the noise and prevent
jarring. Other timber blocks are placed inside the sleeper, through which
the bolts employed for securing the rail to the sleeper are passed.
It is also proposed to make a longitudinal groove or channel along the top
surface of these sleepers, and to insert a piece or pieces of timber therein of
such a section as to fit the groove or channel in the top of the sleeper, the
rail resting upon the timber.

page_text: According to another modification the lower part of the rail is inserted
into the interior of the sleeper, leaving the head only projecting above the
surface of the sleeper, suitable blocks or bolts being employed for tightening
and securing the rail in its place.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RETAINING THE AROMA OF COFFEE AND COCOA
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Henry Rémond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
80th April 1863.
I, ALFRED HENRY REMOND, of No. 4, Moorgate Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR RETAINING THE AROMA OF COFFEE AND COCOA," to be as follows:-
It is well known that coffer berries and cocoa nibs after having been roasted
rapidly lose a great portion of their aroma, owing to the volatile nature of the
latter, and that the flavor becomes thereby greatly deteriorated, and it is to
obviate this deterioration and to retain the aroma and flavor of roasted coffee
berries and cocoa nibs an indefinite length of time that the present Invention
is designed.
The nature of the Invention consists in giving to the coffee berries and
Cocoa nibs during the roasting operation a coating of such a material as will
fill up the pores of the berry, and prevent the escape of any aroma whatever
therefrom, but at the same time will impart no disagreeable flavor thereto.
The agents which I prefer to employ for this purpose are white sugar and a
thin mucilage of gum or gelatine, either in conjunction or separately. The
berries are roasted in the ordinary way till about half or three parts cooked,
the cylinder is then opened, and a small quantity of powdered sugar thrown
in sufficient to absorb the aroma; the cylinder_is_then.closed,-and-the-roasting-
completed. When sufficiently cooled, the berries are dipped in a thin mucilage

page_text: of gum or gelatine, and dried immediately. The berries when thus prepared
have little or no odour, the aroma being perfectly enclosed, and may be kept
any length of time, but upon being ground in the ordinary manner, possess
all the aroma and flavor of recently roasted berries.
In applying this Invention to cocoa the beans are first desiccated, and when
cooled broken up to the required size, and winnowed; the nibs are then
placed in the roasting cylinder, and treated in the same manner as the coffee
berries.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOTION TO 'DOBBY HORSES,' FLYING AND SWINGING BOATS,' OR SIMILAR APPARATUS USED FOR PUBLIC AMUSEMENT
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bradshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1863.
I, THOMAS BRADSHAW, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Broker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GIVING MOTION TO 'DOBBY HORSES,' FLYING AND
SWINGING BOATS,' OR SIMILAR APPARATUS USED FOR PUBLIC AMUSEMENT," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the novel employment and use of an engine driven
by steam for actuating and giving motion to apparatus or machinery used for
public amusement, such as "dobby horses," "flying and swinging boats;"
also in the improved method of applying the said steam engine to the
apparatus, which may be described as follows:-The main central pillar
supporting the framework and "horses" is constituted at its foundation of an
ordinary vertical steam boiler; from the upper surface of this boiler a flue
projects, forming the second or top portion of the supporting pillar, around
the periphery of which are secured broad flanges for the purpose of sup-
porting the rods or arms from which the horses are suspended or attached;
these rods are connected together, and are caused to bear upon the surface of
the flue or central pillar, around which they revolve upon bowls or pulleys,
one set of bowls bearing upon the afore-mentioned flange in a vertical position,
and the other set pressing and bearing upon the exterior surface of the pillar

page_text: or flue, a revolving motion around such central pillar being given to the rods
or arms supporting the "horses" by means of a vertical shaft supplied with au
adjustable compensating pinion gearing into a wheel secured to and driving
the rods bearing upon the central pillar; this vertical rod or driving shaft
obtains motion through the medium of bevil gearing in connection with a
small engine fixed in a convenient position upon the said vertical boiler, and
by such or similar combination of mechanism steam power may be applied to
flying or swinging boats.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING SEWAGE AND WATER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Husband and Joseph Quick
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 20th February 1863.
We, WILLIAM HUSBAND, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, and JOSEPH
QUICK, of Sumner Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,. Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING SEWAGE AND WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improved apparatus for the purpose of raising
sewage and water from one level to another in pipes, and for securing a
continuous flow of sewage and water along a tube or pipe, the apparatus.
affecting these objects with all the advantages of a pump, and yet requiring
no valves. I propose to apply the apparatus to the elbow of a tube or pipe
of a curve representing the segment of a circle of any required radius, the
tube forming a portion of the said apparatus and being cut with a slot in its
interior periphery in order to permit of the passage of the arms or spokes of
a wheel or of a disc within such slot. I propose to set a wheel or a disc upon
an axle which works in bearings or journals fixed on standards, the centre of
the axle being concentric with that of the segmental tube, the arms of the
wheel or the disc is of such diameter as to enter the tube by passing within
the slot, and the said arms or the disc is provided with pistons, packed or
otherwise, to fit the interior of the tube; there may be any desired number of
pistons attached according to the dimensions of the apparatus. Power being

page_text: applied to cause the wheel or disc to rotate and the slot being packed with an
elastic paeking to close together immediately after the passage of the arms (when
a wheel is used), or to press on each side of the disc (when a disc is used),
or packed with strips of leather or other material closing on the disc by the
pressure of water within the tube. The action of the apparatus will be as
follows:-
The lower extremity of the segmental elbow of the tube communicating
with the sewage or water to be raised, the pistons in their revolution will
respectively convey or force upwards through the tube a quantity of the liquid
until it reaches the tube on the higher level or top of the elbow joint, whence
it will flow continuously as may be required. We prefer to employ an open
grating, piston, or brush or scraper in advance of the other pistons in order to
catch and clear away the rough work, dirt, and grit. By these arrangements
sewage or water may be raised from one level to another in an unceasing flow,
all the effects of a pumping apparatus being acquired without the expense
thereof, or the risk of derangement of parts, since in this apparatus valves are
dispensed with, and there is no liability of injury oceurring in its operation.
The wheel and pistons should, by preference, be composed of wrought
iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Pinkney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1868.
I, ROBERT PINKNEY, of 18, Bread Street Hill, in the City of London,
Wholesale Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of pens as substitutes for the
ordinary steel and gold pens of aluminium bronze one of such alloys of about
five per cent. of aluminium to ninety-five of copper, possesses a fine gold color.
Another alloy of seven and a half per cent. of aluminium to ninety-two a a half
per cent. of copper, possesses a greenish gold color, and a third of such alloys
consists of about ten per cent. of aluminium to ninety per cent. of copper.
These several alloys have different properties but are all suitable for the pur-
poses of my Invention.
Im PROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Page at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1863.
I, THOMAS PAGE, of Adelphi Terrace, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im
PROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING VESSELS AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
My improvements in propelling vessels relate to the application of paddle
wheels for such purpose in such manner that the float boards or paddles will
travel at a much higher velocity than is usually the case, for which purpose I
apply only a few float boards throughout the entire circumference of a wheel,
say, two, four, five, or six in number, instead of placing them in close
proximity, the wheels may also be narrowed and the float boards shortened
with the same object in view.
In this arrangement there is never more than one float immersed at one
time, and for greater or lesser portions of a revolution no immersion of the
floats at all. To increase the velocity of rotation of paddle wheels the engine
may simply be driven so many more strokes per minute, say, four, five, or six
times the number; or multiplying gear may be employed, and this I adapt and
fit so that in addition to mutiplying the velocity of rotation of the wheels, it
shall also admit of the wheels being raised more or less out of the water
according to the load or draught line of the vessel, whereby the float boards may
always be regulated to have the proper immersion, and this without effecting

page_text: the communication and gearing between the engine and paddle shaft. For
this purpose I mount the paddle shaft in bearings fitted in arcs or quadrant
guides described from the centre of the engine shaft. The paddle shaft bearings
slide in these guides and are carried by powerful screw or hydraulic apparatus
whereby the paddle shaft and paddles may be raised more or less as may be
desired for the purposes before described, and this indeed while the machinery
and vessel is in motion.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF STAPLES, LOCKS, BOLTS, LATCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR FASTENINGS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January
1863.
I, ANDREW SMITH, of Mauchlin, in the County of Ayrshire, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF STAPLES, LOCKS, BOLTS, LATCHES, AND OTHER SIMILAR
FASTENINGS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the introduction of a wheel or roller in the keeper
of spring locks or latches and other similar fastenings for doors, lids, drawers,
and the like, so that when the same are being shut the end of the spring bolt
comes in contact with the said wheel or roller on the stile or bar of the
keeper, which wheel or roller then revolving freely, causes the bolt to recede
into the case of the lock and then spring forward into its place in the keeper
more easily, pleasantly, and certainly than with the ordinary keeper bar,
operating by friction only upon the spring bolt.
In one form of this improvement the semi or half diameter of the wheel is
scarcely so much as the length of that part of the bolt which projects beyond
the case of the lock, so that when the door or lid is closed and the bolt springs
into its place in the keeper, the wheel has no inclination to revolve and
release the bolt or latch until it is drawn back by hand.
Another form of applying the improvement is by fitting a wheel or roller to
or in the end of the latch or bolt itself. Whether the wheel or roller is fitted

page_text: in the bolt or keeper it is made of less length in the direction of its axis of
motion than the width or depth of the bolt, so that the two edges thereof
which extend above and below or on either side of the roller still rest against
the bar of the keeper when the door or drawer is fairly closed; the roller may,
however, if necessary, be made equal to or of a greater length than the width
of the bolt; in that case the semi-diameter of the roller should not be more
than about two-thirds of the length of the shoot of the bolt.
IM- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Legg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1863.
I, WILLIAM LEGG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Hat and Cap
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows (that is to
say) :-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements applicable to sewing
machines whereby two or more parallel rows of stitching can be produced
simultaneously by one machine, and at the same time the improvements do
not prevent the machine to which they may be adapted being used to form
single rows of stitching when required, and consist in mounting one or more
additional needles as may be required on the needle carrier, and using an
additional shuttle, shuttle box, and so forth for each additional needle, but
the whole of which shuttles are driven simultaneously by one action as in
ordinary shuttle sewing machines. The shuttle boxes, needle plates, and
needles can be removed towards or from each other by means of screws or
their mechanical equivalents for the purpose of regulating the distance of the
parallel rows of stitches from each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTILLERY AND FIRE-ARMS, AND IN PROJECTILES FOR THE BAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Deane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1863.
I, EDWARD DEANE, of Arthur Street East, London Bridge, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTILLERY AND FIRE-ARMS, AND IN PROJECTILES FOR THE
BAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which is applicable either to breech-loaders or to muzzle-
loaders, consists in making the bore of the gun or fire-arm of triangular form
in its cross section for the purpose of discharging therefrom corresponding
projectiles having the same triangular cross section, which projectiles may bo
made to terminate in a sharp point, and may likewise be filled with explosive
materials, like as in the cases of shells or bombs; and I can use what is known
as Deane's patent steel in carrying out my improvements aforesaid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTARY PUMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Myers and Henry Dundas
Gloag at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th December 1863.
We, EDWARD MYERS, of Millbank Row, Westminister, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and HENRY DUNDAS GLOAG, of Pall Mall, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROTARY PUMPS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of rotary
pumps, such as described in the Provisional Specification for which a Patent
is now being applied for by Edward Myers and Hugh Forbes, bearing date
the 11th day of August, 1863, No. 1975, which consists of a pair of toothed
drums or wheels arranged to rotate in a suitable casing or compartment,
whereby the water or other fluid admitted to the under side of the rotating
drums is drawn or raised from below and forced up through a suitable orifice
and delivered to a higher level, the spaces between the teeth or projecting
surfaces on the drums as they revolve upwards against the inner surface of
the casing form chambers or buckets which are filled with the water or liquid
from below, and are discharged at the point where the teeth or projecting
surfaces of the drums approach each other. Now our present improvements
consist in constructing the drums of such rotary pumps with the teeth or pro-
jecting surfaces placed at an angle to the axis of the drums or wheels. by

page_text: which a better action and more effective result is obtained than in the arrange-
ment described in the Provisional Specification before referred to. The drums
or wheels may be constructed with flanges or collars at their ends which bear
against and roll upon each other, or the collars may enter recesses formed in
the covers of the casing.
AN IMPROVED PLASTIC COMPOUND FOR DENTAL PURPOSES TO BE USED INSTEAD OF WAX, GUTTA PERCHA, OR RESINOUS GUMS IN TAKING THE IMPRESSION OF THE MOUTH
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Oppenheim at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1863.-Partly a communication from abroad by Edouard
Billard, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, FREDERICK OPPENHEIM, of 379, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for making "AN IMPROVED
PLASTIC COMPOUND FOR DENTAL PURPOSES TO BE USED INSTEAD OF WAX, GUTTA
PERCHA, OR RESINOUS GUMS IN TAKING THE IMPRESSION OF THE MOUTH;" the same
is the result partly of a communication from abroad made to me by Edouard
Billard, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and partly of an Invention and
discovery made by myself.
This Invention consists of taking white French chalk, china clay, or any
other mineral, provided it be not injurious to the mouth, reducing it to an
impalpable powder, adding a little colouring matter, and mixing it thoroughly
with oil until brought to the consistence of dough or putty, and employing it
in the way well known to dentists for taking the impression of the mouth
instead of the wax, gutta percha, gums, or other substances used hitherto.
When the impression of the mouth is taken in the usual way with this com-
pound a plaster cast can be obtained as usual, or a metal cast by pouring the
metal direct in the said impression, effecting thus a saving of time and
labour.
AN IMPROVED PACKING CASE TO CONTAIN BOTTLED BEER, WINE, OR ANY OTHER LIQUID IN BOTTLE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Aylett Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1863.
I, SAMUEL AYLETT COOPER, Packing Case Maker, of No. 5, Lower Chapman
St., in Parish of St. George's East, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PACKING CASE
TO CONTAIN BOTTLED BEER, WINE, OR ANY OTHER LIQUID IN BOTTLE," to be as
follows:-
The ends to be clamped on the inside and then framed in the ordinary
manner. The improvements and additions consist of two removeable lids or
covers instead of the ordinary lid and bottom, and also of two sets of parti-
tions, fixed or moveable, placed diagonally instead of the usual square divisions,
thereby reducing the size of the case and allowing two sets of bottles to be
placed in the case neck to neck and lapping over each other by means of a .
perforated board made to receive the necks of the bottles, and placed in the
centre of the case, allowing each bottle to rest in a separate division.
The lids or covers to be made in the usual way with a clamp on each end,
and made to take off and on by means of two iron straps bent to fit under a
strip of wood nailed to the side, the said straps. to be fixed to the lid in a suitable

page_text: manner and when fixed in their places the lids are kept so by a strip of wood
on each end and tied down to the other side in the usual way.
These additions and improvements secure the following advantages over
others-1st, economy of space; 2nd, security from pillage while in transit;
3rd, greater lightness and portability; 4th, greater strength and durability;
5th, a great saving of labour in packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM A MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Axel Stärck at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 15th December
1863. A communication from abroad by Matthew Carter, residing at
Barcelona.
I, AXEL STÄRCK, of No. 27, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FROM A MATERIAL NOT HITHERTO USED FOR THAT PURPOSE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of paper
from a material not hitherto used for that purpose. In the manufacture of
paper I employ a plant of which the botanical name is the imperata cylindrica
or saccharum cylindricum, and the Spanish name cisca, the fibre separated
from the dried plant bleached and reduced in a paper engine, or by similar
means, to pulp or half stuff, from which paper may be made in the usual
manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES FOR HEATING WHEEL HOOPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amos Firth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1863.
I, AMOS FIRTH, of Bradford, in the County of York, Wheelwright and
Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES FOR HEATING WHEEL HOOPS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing such furnaces of a series of per-
forated plates so formed and fitted together as to form a circular or annular
horizontal fire bed, which is supported upon a circular wall of brick or other
suitable material, and which wall projects or is raised to a suitable height
above the surface of the plate to encircle the fire. The central part of the
furnace or fire bed is a plate not perforated, but forms a conical dead plate
with its apex underneath. A pipe, communicating with a fan, is introduced
under the fire bed or furnace, the orifice or outlet end being placed concentric
to the apex of the conical dead plate, which forms a deflector to a blast of air
which is forced through the pipe and the perforations to the fire. A cover of
fire-clay or other suitable material may be, suspended by chain and pulley
above the furnace, and readily let down on to the wall to enclose the fire, and
thereby prevent escape of beat, and a chionney may be provided therein,
which will produce a draught of air through the pipe to the said furnace, so
that in some cases the use of the fan may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND SIDES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nelson Hutchinson, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1863.
I, WILLIAM NELSON HUTCHINSON, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Major General in Her Majesty's Army, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING
SHIPS' BOTTOMS AND SIDES," to be as follows:--
My Invention consists in the employment of what I term a traveller, that
is, a case open at top, with two sides and a bottom, to fit and travel outside
and along the keel or bottom of the ship, and of a mattress backing or holder
armed on the inside with bristles, scrapers, or pins, connected by ropes to the
traveller and in communication by other ropes with the deck. Both traveller
and cleanser are fitted with ropes, whereby they may be drawn from stem to
stern and vice versa. By adjusting the length of the ropes connecting the
cleanser with the traveller and the deck, the cleanser may be made to act on
every portion of the ship's bottom and sides from the traveller upwards. I
sometimes make the mattress buoyant to assist in pressing the bristles or pins
in contact with the vessel's bottom and sides, and I prefer to form the brushes
in several parts all connected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DOCKS OR APPARATUS FOR LIFTING SHIPS AND. OTHER BODIES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
August 1868.
I, THOMAS SCOTT, of Nelson Square, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DOCKS OR APPARATUS FOR LIFTING SHIPS AND.
OTHER BODIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing floating docks as hereafter described,.
that is to say, I build two supporting vessels, which form the sides of the dock,.
support the steam and bydraulic machinery, and are covered with a deck..
Between and entering to a certain extent through the inner sides and into the
interior of these supporting vessels there are beams or girders connected by.
chains to hydraulic rams, carried on and under deck on each of the supporting.
vessels. Compartments are made in the vessels for the reception of the ends.
of the girders, and every alternate compartment extends further inwards than
the others, to allow of the rams being arranged in two lines. I construct as
deck which rests upon the sides of the compartments and forms the top or.
cover for the same. Extending along this deck I fit longitudinal girders, and>
between them two rows of horizontal hydraulic rams, worked by a steam_
engine supported upon this or upon the upper deck; holes are made in.
the under deck, through which chains connected at one end to the transverse.
beams are carried, and passing over a pulley are attached at the other end to.
the bydraulic rams; vertical guide bars are connected to all or some of the

page_text: transverse beams; they are furnished with or work against friction rollers,
and are free to move up and down through the top of the compartments and
through the upper deck, which is supported by the longitudinal girders
between which the rams are placed on the under deck, and by the sides and
ends of the vessel.
Supposing a ship to be upon the transverse beams and between the two
supporting vessels, the whole of the rams are set to work simultaneously, and
raise the beams as well as the ship upon them. To ensure both ends of the
beams being raised simultaneously and equally, I connect the water supply to
both sides of the dock by means of telescopic tubes, which are protected by
the hollow vertical guide bars, and communicate with each other through a
pipe carried at the side or other convenient part of the transverse beams.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE WRENCHES FOR NUTS, PIPES, AND PINS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Heap at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
1863.
I, JOSHUA HEAP, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Too!
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ADJUSTABLE WRENCHES FOR NUTS, PIPES, AND PINS," to be as follows:-
My first improvement consists in constructing wrenches of a new form.
The handle is made so as to be lengthened at pleasure, by which means an
additional leverage or power can at all times be obtained, and which is of great
importance when the instrument is to be applied to nuts, pipes, or pins of
varying dimensions. I effect this improvement by having the handle made
of a hollow piece of round iron or pipe, which is screwed or tapped inside
with a thread to correspond with the thread of the screw on the contrary end
of the head or jaw of the instrument; the handle is made larger in circum;
ference next to the screw than the scrow itself, by which means it operates
as a flango and regulates the sliding box.
Another part of my improvements consist in making the head or jaw of
the instrument with a tail screw to work into the screw of the handle, the
part next above the screw being made square or four-sided, on which is placed
the slide box with a tongue or catch working on a pivot or centre pin fixed
on a projection or nib on the upper side of the slide box, which is acted upon
by a spring attached to the tongue or nib.
My second improvements consist in constructing nut wrenches. Instead of

page_text: the ordinary plan of constructing the adjusting screw with a hole through the
centre to turn on a pin, I construct a screw of solid metal with pivots at each
end, which turn in bearings, which consist of two small plates let into grooves
in the head of the key.
By the improvements above mentioned I am enabled to construct adjustable
wrenches of greater power and utility, and at less expense, than has heretofore
been accomplished.