IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and 38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, for the Invention of 'IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC
APPARATUS." A communication from Albert Auguste Daussin de Nalinne,
residing at Dinant, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st March 1865.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELE
GRAPHIC APPARATUS," communicated to me by Albert Auguste Daussin de
Nalinne a person residing at Dinant, in the Kingdom of Belgium, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved system of telegraphic apparatus
allowing of calling and corresponding directly between all the stations of
the same circuit with a single line, that is to say, whatever may be the
position occupied by the station called and the calling station, they may call
[Price 8d.]

page_text: each other and correspond without its being necessary to ask for communica-
tion at the intermediate stations, without troubling the clerks of these stations,
and without even calling their attention. The apparatus may serve for
calling and corresponding or for calling only. In the first case the sending
and receiving dials bear in addition to the letters of the alphabet the names
of stations of the line, or in the latter case the names of stations only. The
apparatus are placed in a continuous circuit, but the bell or other calling
apparatus only sounds in the called station. The intermediate stations do
not receive the message, but the needles or pointers of their apparatus show
the station to which the message is being transmitted. They can only corres-
pond when the dispatch is finished, which is marked by the return of the
pointer to its resting place. The mechanism which allows of calling instan-
taneously by ringing a bell, or otherwise, in any particular station to the
exclusion of all others is very simple. It consists in causing to advance
simultaneously in all the apparatus of the line a disk, a rack, or a lever, on
which is disposed in a way peculiar to each station a cam, a notch, an isolating
or a conducting piece intended for raising, pressing, or corresponding with
another disk or equivalent piece, which at a given moment closes by its
movement the current of a local pile, and sets in motion a bell or other means
of calling attention. This disk, lever, cam, or rack depends directly or
indirectly on the arbor carrying the pointer or type wheel. The apparatus
are set in movement by a pile placed in one of the stations, and which is
during the inactivity of the apparatus counterbalanced by a second pile called
the resisting pile placed in the head or extreme station opposite. In order
to set the apparatus to work the resisting pile must be put "to earth," which
is easily done from any of the stations by pressing on a button or touch piece
In case of any of the apparatus being deranged they may all be righted by
any one station. The manipulator used with the apparatus may be advan-
tageously applied to Morse's and Baix's systems. It is composed of a metal
cylinder provided with insulating and conducting parts placed in parallel rows
equalling in number the signs and letters to be produced. The cylinder is
set in movement by means of a pedal, and a spring placed opposite to the
touch lowered comes in contact with the cylinder, and gives passage to the
current every time it touches a corresponding part.
The improved system forming the subject of this application is distinguished
from all others previously known inasmuch as it allows for the first time of
corresponding directly without "calling" or asking for communication.
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION
filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor by the said Henri Adrien
Bonneville in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th October
1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 24, Rue du
Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester Terrace,
Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
or
WHEREAS Her most Evcellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, Her special licence that I, the said
Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
such others as I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should in any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS," a communication
from Albert Auguste Daussin de Nalinne, a person residing at Dinant, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Henri Adrien Bonneville, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention consists in an improved system of telegraphic apparatus
allowing of calling and corresponding directly between all the stations of the
same circuit with a single line, that is to say, whatever may be the position
occupied by the station called and the calling station, they may call each other
and correspond without its being necessary to ask for communication at the
intermediate stations without troubling the clerks at these stations, and without

page_text: even calling their attention. The apparatus may serve for calling and corre-
sponding or for calling only. In the first case the sending and receiving
dials bear in addition to the letters of the alphabet the names of the stations
of the line, or in the latter case the names of stations only. The apparatus
are placed in a continuous circuit, but the bell or other calling apparatus
only sounds in the called station. The intermediate stations do not receive
the message, but the needles or pointers of their apparatus show the station
to which the message is being transmitted. They can only correspond when
the dispatch is finished, which is marked by the return of the pointer to its
resting place. The mechanism which allows of calling instantaneously by
ringing a bell or otherwise in any particular station to the exclusion of all
others is very simple. It consists in causing to advance simultaneously in all
the apparatus of the line a disk, a rack, or a lever, on which is disposed in
a way peculiar to each station a cam, a notch, an isolating or conducting
piece, intended for raising, pressing, or corresponding with another disk or
equivalent piece, which at a given moment closes by its movement the current
of a local píle, and sets in motion a bell or other means of calling attention.
This disk, lever, cam, or rack depends directly on the arbor carrying the
pointer or type wheel. The apparatus are set in movement by a pile
placed in one of the stations, and which is during the inactivity of the
apparatus counterbalanced by a second pile, called the resisting pile, placed
in the head or extreme station opposite. In order to set the apparatus to
work, the resisting pile must be put "to earth," which is easily done from
any of the stations by pressing on a button or touch piece. In case of any of
the apparatus being deranged they may all be regulated by any one station.
The manipulator used with these apparatus may be advantageously applied
to Morse's and Baix's systems. It is composed of a metal cylinder provided
with isolating and conducting parts placed in parallel rows equalling in
number the signs and letters to be produced. The cylinder is set in move-
ment by means of a pedal, and a spring placed opposite to the touch lowered
comes in contact with the cylinder, and gives passage to the current every
time it touches a corresponding part.
The improved system, forming the subject of this application, is distinguished
from all others previously known inasmuch as it allows for the first time of
corresponding directly without asking or calling for communication. The
apparatus are of two kinds:-1st, the alphabetical dial printing apparatus, in
which the movements produced by the electric currents are intended for
moving the bell of the station with which it is wished to correspond, and for
pointing out or printing in the station receiving the despatch the letters

page_text: which compose the words of the same. 2nd, the direct calling apparatus,
intended only for "calling" the stations, the transmission and reception being
done by receivers and manipulators of my own system or by those of Morse,
Hughes, Breguet, Caselli, or others. The first suffice for themselves without
the aid of any other apparatus, but the second have been made to allow of
the application of the improved system of direct calling and transmission to
the different existing or future apparatus. Each of these two kinds of
apparatus are completed by auxiliary or secondary apparatus, to which I
give the name of manipulator relay of the head station, Morse's key-board
manipulator, and mechanism for maintaining the synchronism of the corre-
sponding receiving apparatus.
These results obtained by the improved apparatus are very different and very
superior to those obtained by Morse's continuous wire telegraph. With
Morse's apparatus a call or indication of the post or station called is produced
at the same time in all the stations, and the transmission is sensible in all of
them, whereas with this apparatus only the bell of the station called is set in
movement, and the transmission is performed without possibility of the con-
versation being seized by another station. If the different apparatus of
different stations of ordinary systems were placed in a continuous circuit they
would all give the alarm at once. By this Invention only the apparatus of the
station attacked sounds.
The means employed for moving the bell of the station called while all the
others remain silent, consists in moving in each station a notched disk, a rack,
a plain wheel, or a lever, on which are disposed in a manner peculiar to each
station a cam, a notch, or a lever, intended for raising, receiving, or correspond-
ing with a notched disk. a rack, a plain wheel, a lever, etc., which by their
movement close at a given moment the circuit of a local pile in which is a
trembling belt or other call apparatus, with or without relay. If a notched
disk is used this disk is fixed on the arbor of the indicating needle or pointer
in the dial apparatus, or on the arbor of the type wheel in the printing
apparatus: this disc is provided with a notch, on it reposes a lever which
turns on its axis and closes the circuit of the bell when the notch is under the
lever. As above said, the notch occupies a different position in each station,
and is placed so as to receive the lever when the pointer of the dial is opposite
the letter representing the name of the station. Let A, B, C, D, P, Z, be
the names of stations; the apparatus of the station A has the notch of its
disk placed so that the bell is ready to bring when the needle is opposite the
letter A; that the apparatus of the station B is ready to ring when the pointer
is opposite B. etc. When the same position is given to all the notches of

page_text: the disks the same result may be obtained by changing the position of the
levers. It will be understood that if near each lever is placed a mechanism
preventing the said lever from turning on its axis at the moment when the
disk presents its notch, but only when it has already been for a certain lapse
of time in that position, one or two seconds for instance; and that if from
any one station all the apparatus of the line are set in movement it will suffice
to stop the pointers opposite the station to be called in order to set the bell of
this station in movement. It will also be understood that if in order to "call"
a station all the apparatus of the line are set in movement by rendering the
electro-magnet of each apparatus moveable by the intervention of a relay whose
armature is constructed so as to close the local circuit only when the current
passes on the line in the direction from Z to A for the transmission, the
apparatus of the corresponding station only could be made to work by bring-
ing into the circuit of the line only the motive electro-magnet of these
apparatus, and producing the line of currents sent in the direction from Z to
A, that is to say, contrary or inverse to those working the relays.
"
Fig. 1 shows the mounting of the line; A and Z are extreme or head
stations; F is an intermediate station. The "wire of the line "leaves the brass
pole of a resisting pile placed in the station A, passes in an apparatus called
relay manipulator' of the head of the line," and goes to the brass pole of
the motive pile placed at the station Z, passing through the electro-magnets
of the relays of the apparatus. The dial apparatus is represented in elevation
Fig. 2, in section Fig. 3, and in plan Fig. 4.
A, dial serving for calling and transmitting. When at rest the needle is
between Z and the cross. B, dial; the position in which the needle is shown
indicates that the stations of the line may be called. As soon as a corre-
spondence is commenced at any point, the needle or pointer takes half a turn,
and shows that all work is impossible. As soon as the transmission has ceased
the needle or pointer returns to its first position. C, attacking lever; the
circuit of the line passes through this lever. Coming from the motive pile the
current enters at C', follows the arm of the lever, and leaves by the centre C.
An earth line terminates at the projection C³. D is a pin which is placed in that
one of the holes D¹ of the circle D which is placed opposite the letter of the
station it is wished to call. D2, brass circle, metallically connected with the
brass pole of the local pile; E, rectilinear keyboard manipulator; F, F, com-
passes; G, ordinary clockwork, on the last arbor of which is mounted the
needle of the alphabetical dial. G¹, unclinching apparatus on Breguet's
principle, serving for placing the needle at the cross. G³, armature, causing the
needle to move one letter forward at each double vibration. G³, electro-magnet

page_text: working the armature G³. H, armature which, under the action of the electro
H2, unclinches the arm H2, and allows the wheelwork to run until the
cam H3 has made half a rotation. H³, notched disk, mounted on the same
as the needle of the dial B. H', pulley fixed to the notched disk. I, endless
chain transmitting the movement of the pulley H' to the pulley I¹. I notched
disc fixed to the pulley I. F³ notches made in the disc I, and in which the
end of the lever K enters. K, lever, articulated at K¹, and which unclinches
when it falls into the notch of the disk L, the relay K by the intermediary
of the spring K³. This lever cannot fall into the notch L' except when the
heel K corresponds to one of the notches of the disk I. L, disk fixed on the
arbor which bears the pointer of the dial A. L', notch, intended to receive the
end of the lever K; the position of this notch varies in each apparatus, it should
be placed in such a way as to correspond with the extremity of the lever K when
the needle is opposite the letter corresponding to the station where the appa-
ratus is placed. From what precedes it results that the unclinching of the
relay cannot take place at the same time in two different apparatus of the
line, that it cannot be effected in any apparatus unless the hand of this appa-
ratus is opposite the name of the station for which it serves. M, M², relay
formed of the electro-magnets M and M¹, and of the magnetised steel arma-
ture M2. The circuit of the line wire passes through the electro-magnets M
M³ is an
and M which have their wire wound in contrary directions.
armature retained in a state of repose against the electro-magnet M¹ by the
spring M³. This armature is attracted by M, and repulsed by M¹, when the
current comes from the motive pile, that is to say, when it works in the line
of the arrow M. It does not move when the current works in a contrary
direction from M, because then the effect of the electro-magnets is joined to
that of the spring M³ in order to maintain it in the position which it occupies.
Each time that the armature M² strikes against the screw M* it closes the
local circuits in which the electro-magnets G³ and H³ are placed. It will be
understood that when currents are sent through the relay in the direction
of the arrow M the electro-magnets G3 and H¹ become active, and that on
the contrary they remain inactive when currents are sent through the relays
in an opposite direction to M. N, armature of soft iron, which completes the
circuit of the wire of the line by its contact with the screw N¹. Nº electro-
magnet placed in a local circuit, and commanding the armature N. This
electro-magnet becomes active when the rod O fixed on the arbor carrying
the dial hand is arrested by the pin D placed in an opening D¹, that is to
say, the circuit of the line wire is broken as soon as the indicating needle
comes opposite the name of the station it is wished to call. P, disk, fixed on

page_text: the same arbor as I¹, and which follows its movement. On this disk are fixed
pins which have for function to lower the unclinching lever G¹, and conse-
quently to place the needle at the cross a little before the cam H3 has
completed its half revolution. This automatical placing at the cross is
necessarily executed after one or more currents have taken place in the relay,
so that a storm or other cause could not disturb the accord between these
apparatus. The relay manipulator is represented in Fig. 5. The line formed
of short lines and dots shows the line circuit. Coming from the resisting pile
the current passes in the electro B, the armature C, the arm D fixed on the
last arbor of a wheelwork, from there goes to the lever E, then to the lever F
by the intermediary of the disk G. From F the circuit passes through the
electro-magnets H and I, then goes to the motive pile of the extreme station
as above said. The disposition of the electro-magnets H and I, and of the
armature N is the same as that of the relays M and M' of the apparatus.
The armature only declinches the wheelwork when the current comes from
the motive pile, and cannot take its resting position except when the disk G
has made an entire rotation. On this disk are fixed projecting parts equal in
number to the divisions of the dial A. The contact of a projection with the
lever produces a current. This cam serves as a manipulator. The resisting
pile forming an equilibre with the motive pile, no current can pass on the
line, and the needle of the right-hand dial of all the apparatus showing that
the line is free, each station calls the station with which it would correspond.
To call a station it suffices to place the pin D in the hole opposite to the name
of the station in the circle D', and to press an instant on the attacking lever C.
As soon as the button C is in contact with the projection C3 the motive pile
is insulated, and the circuit of the resisting pile is completed by the earth line.
The current of the pile circulates by passing through the manipulator relay,
and the relays of the apparatus located between the head station A and the
attacking station. One single armature obeys the action of this current, the
armature C of the manipulator relay. This armature allows the arm D to
escape, which moved by the wheelwork comes in contact with the armature J,
to which is connected an earth line. When the attacking lever is no longer
pressed the circuit of the motive pile of the station Z is closed, so that the
current of the pile sets in movement all the relays of the apparatus of the
line and the electro-magnets H and I of the manipulator relay. Then the
following effects take place:-In the manipulator relay the armature N
declinches the wheelwork, allows the disc G to turn with a speed which
should be regulated according to the length of the line, the number of
apparatus, the strength of the pile, and other details, so as to allow the relays

page_text: to produce their effect surely. In each apparatus the electro-magnets G3 and
H¹, Fig. 3, become active each time that the armature of the relay touches
the screw M; the hands move; that of the dial A has a quick intermitting
movement, that of the dial B has a slow but uniform movement. When the
hand of the dial A arrives opposite the station called the armature N of the
apparatus, which calls is attacked by the electro N¹, the circuit of the line
is broken; the disc G of the manipulator relay continues its revolution without
producing currents, and shortly before stopping completes the circuit of the
electro-magnet J¹; the armature J leaves the arm D, which returns to catch
in C. At this moment the hand of the dial A in each apparatus is stopped at
the name of the station called. The hand of the dial B still works. Shortly
before the latter has achieved half a rotation round the dial the notch I³ of
the disc I presents itself under the heel K, in order to allow the end of the
lever K¹ to fall into the notch L'; as above said the notch L¹ is so placed on
the disk as to allow the lever to turn when the hand is stopped opposite the
name of the station served by the apparatus; so that it is only in the station
called, or in the station indicated by the hand, that the lever K turns and
unclinches the relay K, which rings the hell. Shortly after the passage of
the notch I under the heel K, a pin fixed on the disk P lowers the lever G'.
The hand of the dial A is replaced at the cross in all the apparatus except that
of the calling and called station.
Nothing now remains to be explained but the means of transmitting
between the two stations without the other stations of the line being able to
read the telegram. In Fig. 3 the compasses and the connecters are disposed
for simultaneous transmission. It is only necessary to couple the connecter S
with the right hand articulated connecter, and the connecter T with the left
hand one to render indiscretion impossible. It has been already explained
that the armature of the relays only moves the electro-magnets G³ and H'
when the current passes in the direction of the arrow M. It is evident that
if the corresponding stations cause the electro-magnet G3 of this apparatus to
enter in the circuit of the line, and render it active by means of inverse
currents from M, the apparatus of these stations alone will work. To do this
it is necessary for the station nearest the station A to be placed on the pile,
and the other to earth. To this effect the attacking station places, according
to the position of the station it has called, either the connecter S on the
button S¹, communicating with the brass pole of its pile, or the connecter T
on the button T communicating to earth, and causes the electro-magnet G
to enter the circuit by turning the articulated connecter right or left according
to circumstances. The station called places at the same time the connecter T

page_text: on T, and the connecter S on S¹. If the station which has called it is on the
side nearest the station A, the compass F will have deviated; if on the
contrary, it is the compass F¹ which oscillates, it is because the station is on
the Z side; it causes the electro-magnet G3 of the side where the current
passes to enter.
The apparatus are automatical like those of Siemens', that is to say,
they work of themselves as soon as their motive electro-magnet is traversed
by a continuous current. The pile suffices for entertaining their movement.
The hand is stopped opposite a letter by lowering the key of a keyboard
corresponding to this letter. As soon as the transmission is terminated, the
two correspondents replace the connecter at the resting point, and then one of
them presses on the attacking lever. The manipulator relay of the head station
sets in movement all the apparatus of the line. The hand A takes its resting
place between Z and the cross, and the hand B returns to show that the line
is open.
The printing apparatus work in the same way, and only differ from
the ordinary printing apparatus by the addition of the calling mechanism.
In the preceding description I use a second wheelwork for giving the
lever time to prevent its falling into the notch of the disk before the needle of
the apparatus has well stopped before the letter or the name of the station
which it serves. This latter wheelwork has therefore no other object than
that of retarding the movement of the lever, which turns under the impulsion
of its own weight or that of a spring. It will be understood that without
altering the system this second wheelwork may be replaced by an electro-
magnet, which will only become active when the apparatus is quite stopped,
in the same way that the electro-magnet of Siemens' apparatus acts.
I may
also combine the action of this electro-magnet with that of a second wheel-
work, either for obtaining greater rapidity of action, or greater simplicity of
construction. I may also replace the action of this wheelwork, and this
electro-magnet, by a simple magnetised needle, whose state of rest when the
apparatus is stopped completes the circuit of the bell. I may replace the
manipulator keyboard indicated in what precedes by a simple manipulator
with a winch, or by the cylindrical manipulator herein-after described.
Instead of employing the pin D, placed in a hole D' for stopping the
apparatus, I can use the attacking lever C, on which I press at the moment
when the needle of my apparatus passes opposite the names of the stations I
wish to call. I may also replace the manipulator relay of the head station by
a simple apparatus comprising the wheelwork effecting the placing "to earth"
and to the pile, and place in each station a special manipulator, or use the
manipulator of the station itself. I may suppress the relay with two electro-

page_text: magnets, and replace it by a second line wire; one of the wires would then
be used for calling, and the other for transmitting messages. When two lines
are used, I produce four effects by means of four kinds of currents; 1st,
movement of the calling apparatus and double relay; 2nd, placing at the
In all
cross; 3rd, movement of the bell; 4th, transmission of messages.
these different cases my system remaining the same 1 always obtain the direct
calling, either by the disks and the levers, or by the disks, racks, etc., bearing
a notch, a cam, or a conducting part.
Fig. 6 represents one of Morse's telegraphs, mounted with direct calling
apparatus. These apparatus may be quite similar to the two-dial apparatus,
excepting the suppression of the compass, the connecters, the manipulator,
and even the motive electro-magnet. They may also be made with a second
wheelwork, serving for declinching the bell and putting the hand at the cross,
or be made to perform these two functions by an electro-magnet, or a mag-
netised needle, as above. In cases where two wires are used they are placed
on a special wire and the relay with two electro-magnets is suppressed, it is
This kind of
replaced by a simple relay, or the relay is dispensed with.
apparatus even allows the complete suppression of all mechanism intended
for arresting the movement of the lever. By causing the lever to fall freely
in the notch, and placing a bell without relay in the circuit completed by the
lever, it would follow that the bell might strike the clapper once or twice
during the working of the apparatus, but would only work in a continuous
manner when the needle is stopped opposite the name, number, or the letter
of the station which it serves. The bell will then work so long as the hand
remains in this position, and will stop so soon as the apparatus is set in
movement. The clerks being aware that one or two strokes do not constitute
a call, will only go to their apparatus when the bell works in a continuous
manner.
Lastly, the wheelwork may be suppressed, as is shown in Fig. 7, 8, and 9
of the following description:-On the arbor A are fixed three ratchet wheels
B, C, D (one alone might suffice). The ratchets have a number of teeth
on the dial. Besides
corresponding to the number of stations inscribed
these three ratchets the arbor carries two disks N and N¹, on which press
the levers O and O¹, the end P of the lever O enters in the notch of the
disk N; when the hand is opposite the cross, the end P does not touch the
screw R, but when the hand has left the cross the disk disengages itself from
The end S of the
the lever, and the screw R comes in contact with P¹.
lever O enters the notch N of the disk N', when the dial hand is opposite
the name of the station corresponding with
that in which the apparatus is

page_text: placed; then S is in contact with the screw S¹. The arbor carrying the
hand, the ratchets, etc. is provided with a weak spiral spring, tending to bring
the hand opposite the cross. If, when the hand is advanced to a certain
extent the ratchets are disengaged from the lever which retains them and
causes them to work, the hand returns at once to its resting position. The
line wire passing through the electro-magnet passes a certain number of times
around the magnetised needle J, so that when the current passes through
the wire the hand is deviated from K to K¹. When the apparatus is set to
work, the time which elapses between each current is insufficient for allowing
the magnetised needle J to return to its resting place, and it therefore remains
nearly as if the current were continuous. It is only when the hand is stopped
that the magnetised needle returns to K. Across this needle and passing
through its pivot is a brass wire M. When the needle is at K this wire is in
contact with the pins M', M³, to which are connected the circuit conducting
wires of a local pile in which are placed, 1stly, a bell with or without relay;
2ndly, an electro-magnet intended for placing the dial hand at its resting
place. An inspection of the line will suffice for making understood how the
placing at the cross is executed, and how the bell is moved by means of the
armature S, S, which declinches the ratchets by the intermediary of the
lever X.
Fig. 10 and 11 represent the manipulator Morse with keyboard, which I
use for moving the dial apparatus, direct calling and printing apparatus, and
specially with the latter for mounting the Morse apparatus. A is a brass
cylinder moved by any suitable means, such as a weight or a spring. Fig. 11
shows 1st, that the cylinder A is stopped in its rotary movement by the
extremity N of the lever M', barring the passage to the pin N¹; 2nd, that
O being an insulating part the currents cannot go to the line because the
conductibility does not exist between the pile and the line; 3rd, that it will
suffice to press on the button P to let the cylinder move and establish the
current by the intermediary of the lever H pressing on the cylinder; it will
therefore be understood that if one single conducting part is placed on the
cylinder opposite the lever H¹ of the key A, one single current will be pro-
duced, if two parts are placed opposite B, two currents will be produced. It
will therefore suffice to lower the key corresponding to the station it is wished
to call, or the letter it is wished to point out in order to set the apparatus in
movement, and cause it to stop before the letter indicated. It will be under-
stood that on the length of the conducting parts will depend that of the
currents, and that by placing on the cylinder the conducting parts in the
same proportion as the lines and dots which form the letters of the Morse

page_text: alphabet, it will only be necessary to lower the keys for the bands of paper to
receive the conventional marks.
Arranged for the Morse telegraphy this apparatus is established in the
following way-At rest the current coming from the line passes by F, E, A,
N¹, M, and returns to the line by R. When the apparatus works the
current coming from the pile passes by I, I', H, A, and E, F. This is the
description of the rectilinear manipulator shown Fig. 3, and of the mechanism
serving for maintaining the synchronism in the corresponding receiving
apparatus. The description and Drawings relate to my apparatus with dials
or printing intended for being mounted with direct calling apparatus. These
resemble Siemen's apparatus. The arrangement of the manipulator and of
the mechanism only differs. Immediately under the cover of the box are
fixed two concentric circles (Fig. 12). The circle A is of brass, that B is of
wood; on the circle B are fixed in a divergent position metal pins F, F,
insulated from each other, and placed in contact with the circle A by the
intermediary of the pieces E (Fig. 13) fixed at the lower end of the keys.
On the arbor carrying the hand or the type wheel is fixed a small lever G,
forming part of the cylinder H, insulated from the arbor by an ivory ring.
On the lever G is held a weak spring J, whose extremity touches the end of
the rods F, F, when the hand is in movement. The spring K presses on
the spring H. When the apparatus is put in a circuit (see Fig. 12 & 14,)
through which a continuous current passes, the apparatus works of itself.
The current from the borne L follows L', A, F, F, J, G, H, K, passes in the
electro-magnet M, then into the armature M¹, the rod N¹ in contact with the
armature passes several times round the magnetised needle O, and returns to
the line by the borne O¹. The armature M₁ is attracted, the escapement
wheel advances half a tooth, the needle comes between the cross and the A,
then the spring J is no longer in contact with any of the rods F, and the
circuit is broken. The armature M' is drawn back by its counter spring and
allows the escapement wheel to advance half a tooth, then the same move-
ments are reproduced. The hand turns until the current is broken. To
indicate a letter it suffices to lower the key corresponding to this letter. It
suffices to raise the key to allow the hand to move, but the apparatus is
otherwise arranged; as soon as the hand is stopped opposite the cross the
action of the current coming from the pile ceases in all the apparatus, and
the action of each of their local piles commences and continues until the
needle or the type wheel has returned to cross, that is to stay, that it is only
when the apparatus have returned to tlie cross (or are all at the same point)
that the current of the line can begin to act. This takes place as follows:-

page_text: As soon as the hand comes opposite a rod F, whose key is lowered, it stops
because the circuit is broken, the magnetised needle O returns to its resting
place and closes the current of the local pile; the current passes in the
electros P and M, the electro-magnet P attracts the armature N, so that this
armature being no longer in contact with N¹, the current of the line is
broken. The electro M attracts the armature M¹, just as when the current
comes from the line, but the spring J has no function, 'tis the projection M"
which closes and breaks the circuit, so that by a series of vibrations the hand
returns to the cross. When the hand returns to the cross the lever Q which
closes the local circuit at Q¹ is raised so that this circuit is broken, then N
returns to its contact with N', the circuit of the line is closed in the apparatus,
but the needle cannot move before N and N¹, are in contact in the correspond-
ing station. From this uniformity between the apparatus results their good
working. In this apparatus, as in the others, the placing at the cross may
be done by a second wheelwork or by an electro-magnet. Up to the present
time no telegraphic apparatus has been provided with a mechanism for placing
the hand at the cross automatically.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, what I claim is,-
Firstly, the means of causing the bell of the station it is wished to call
to work directly and alone by only closing the circuit or unclinching the wheel-
work of this bell in the apparatus, designated by means of a notched disk, or its
equivalent fixed on the arbor carrying the needle or type wheel. The action
of these organs being completed by a lever, a second notched disk, an electro-
magnet, a magnetised needle, or other means indicated in the description.
Secondly, the means of placing the end of the line wire at will to earth,
or to the pile by the simple pressure of a button placed in an intermediate
station by means of the manipulator relay placed in the head station.
Thirdly, the means of causing any particular apparatus of the line to work
by means of currents sent in the opposite direction to those employed for
setting the bell in movement, which result is attained by means of the
relay with one or two electro-magnets, with steel magnetised armature of
the relay manipulator, and of a pile placed in an extreme station and in a
corresponding station.
Fourthly, the means employed for placing the apparatus at the cross
automatically either by means of a second wheelwork, an electro-magnet, or a
magnetised needle, which result allows of keeping up a perfect accordance
between all the apparatus of the line.
Fifthly, the manipulator which I call Morse's keyboard manipulator.

page_text: Sixthly, the way of mounting Morse's, Hughes's, Caselli's, and other tele-
graphs with apparatus which I call direct calling apparatus, serving for ringing
directly in the station called.
Seventhly, the faculty of replacing by a second line wire one or other of
the organs of my apparatus as indicated in the description.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.S.)