A COMBINATION OF CERTAIN PROCESSES AND MANUFACTURES WHEREBY ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FOOD MIGHT BE PRESERVED FOR A GREAT LENGTH OF TIME
Year: 1819

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ÆNEAS
MORRISON, of the City of Glasgow, Writer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Æneas Morrison, did, by my petition, humbly repre-
sent to His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that I
had invented, discovered, and found out "A COMBINATION OF CERTAIN PROCESSES
AND MANUFACTURES WHEREBY ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FOOD MIGHT BE PRESERVED
FOR A GREAT LENGTH OF TIME," which would of great benefit and advantage to
His Majesty's subjects; and that I was the first and true inventor of the
combination of the said processes and manufactures, and that the same had
not been used or exercised by any person or persons whatsoever, to the best of
knowledge and belief, and praying that His Majesty would be graciously
pleased to grant unto me, and my executors, administrators, and assigns, His,
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, for the sole use, benefit, and advantage of the said
Invention within that part of His Majesty's United Kingdom called England,
and His Dominion of Wales, Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also within
His Colonies and Plantations abroad, for the term of fourteen years, pursuant
to the Statute in that case made and provided; and whereas His said Majesty,
being willing to give encouragement to all arts and inventions that might be
for the public good, was graciously pleased to condescend to my request, and
did therefore by His Royal Letters Patent, dated at Westminster, the Twenty-

page_text: third day of March, One thousand eight hundred and nineteen years, in the
fifty-ninth year of His reign, of His especial grace, certain knowledge, and
mere motion, give and and grant unto me, the said Æneas Morrison, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full power, and sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Æneas Morrison, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, and my
and their deputy or deputies, servants, and agents, or such others as I, or my
executors, administrators, or assigns, shall at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of fourteen years
therein expressed, shall and may lawfully make, use, exercise, and vend
my said Invention, within that said part of His Majesty's Dominions called
England, and His Dominion of Wales, Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
also within His Colonies and Plantations abroad;. and that I, and my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should and might have and enjoy the whole profit,
benefit, use, commodity, and advantage, from time-to-time coming, growing,
accruing, or arising by reason of the said discovery, for and during the term
of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licensce,
powers, privileges, and advantages therein-before granted, or mentioned to be
granted, to me, the said Æneas Morrison, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, for and during and to the full end and term of fourteen
years from the
date of the said Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be
complete and ended according to the Statute in such case made and provided;
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if I, the said Æneas
Morrison, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an Instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months after the date
of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberty
and privileges thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become
void, anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anyways
notwithstanding, as in and by the said Letters Patent (relation being thereunto
had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Æneas Morrison, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Inventions. And I declare the first of these to consist in the inclosing and
cooking food in vessels, from which, during the process of cooking, the atmo-
spheric air is discharged, and in rendering these vessels permanently air tight,
so as to prevent the re-admission of the atmospheric air, and this is to be
performed as follows:-

page_text: Prepare a cooking furnace, consisting of several hollow iron trunks built in,
so that while their mouths are accessible from without the he heat is distributed
and applied to their bodies within, and each trunk rendered a separate oven;
to each trunk fit a lid, with bearers attached. to sustain the vessels employed,
and pass through the centre of the lid a hollow iron tube, acting as a screw,
having a reservoir attached to the under part of it, and a filler to the upper
part, with a stop cock at the lower extremity, and another between the reser-
voir and the filler, the lower end of the tube being fitted to the mouth of the
tin tube after mentioned, so as to form an air tight joint; procure jars or
bottles, in the manufacture of which the principal things to be attended to are,
that such vessels be made perfectly air tight and calculated to expand equally
when heat is applied to them, the mouths contracted so as to sustain the cock
when pressed upon from without, and the shape such as to resist the
pressure of the atinosphere; vessels made of salted ware are most suitable;
cut bungs of cork wood in the usual way, and make a perforation in the
centre to receive the tube after mentioned; coat the under part and sides
with moistened bladder; when the bladder has become perfectly dry make
an orifice in it opposite the perforation in the bung, and pass through the
bung a tube of block tin or other metal, having a button to press upon
the bladder at the one end and a screw upon the other; apply lute round
the upper part of the tube, and place upon the bung a circular piece of
bladder, sufficient to cover the mouth of the vessel, passing the tube through
an orifice in the bladder, and by means of a washer and nut applied to the screw
on the end of the tube, bind the bung and bladder firmly together; cut off
such part of the tube as may project above the nut, and trim the mouth
of the tube with a centre bit or other suitable instrument; apply the
bung to the mouth of a vessel containing food to be preserved, and place
above it a block, having an opening in the centre sufficient to admit the screw
nut; by means of a screw press, force down the bung below the level of the lip
of jar; place between the circular piece of bladder and the bung a quantity of
lute sufficient to form a crust or cake; bind the bladder firmly round the neck of
the vessel; place on the top of it a cape having an opening in the centre to
permit access to the tin tube; place the vessel in a moveable "press, and screw
the cape firmly down upon the bung; by means of a filler introduce as much
suitable liquid as will completely charge the vessel; place the vessel upon the
bearer attached to the lid of the oven; charge the reservoir attached to the
iron tube with liquid, corresponding with the contents of the vessel; screw the
lower extremity of the iron tube into the mouth of the iron tube; turn the
lower stop cock so as the contents of the jar and the contents of the reservoir

page_text: may communicate; place the vessel thus prepared in the oven. When the
contents are cooked, turn the upper stop cock, and remove the whole from the
oven, and when ebolution has ceased and sufficient time has been allowed to
permit so much of the contents of the reservoir to pass into the vessel as to
charge it completely, drop into the iron tube, so as it may rest on the upper
stop cock, a metallic pin, calculated to fill half the length of the tin tube and
to fix itself in its lower extremity and render it air tight; turn the stop cock,
and instantly, by passing a rod through the iron tube by percussion, drive the
pin home; turn both the stop cocks, to prevent the liquor remaining in the
reservoir from escaping, and unscrew the iron tube, and carefully wipe the
mouth of the tin tube, and fill it with lute or solder, and when perfectly
cold take the vessel from the press, and the manufacture is completed. When
corks are to be used, form them in the usual manner, make a perforation in
the centre for the admission of the tube after described; coat them with
bladder, and by a screw press force them down to a level with the lip of the
vessel; prepare a conical tube of block tin or other metal, with a button at
one end, and a conical bodkin, calculated to fill the tube, having a button also,
and of such length as the point thereof may project beyond the point of the
tube; place the bodkin in the tube and pass the points of the bodkin and tube
through a circular piece of bladder, sufficient to cover the neck of the vessel;
fix the point of the bodkin in the perforation in the cork; lute the cork; bind
the bladder firmly round the neck of the vessel; with a screw press force
home the bodkin and tube; withdraw the bodkin from the tube, and proceed
with the vessel as before directed. Or the same process may be perfected by
employing a bath of boiling water in place of the oven, observing this difference,
that a cross bar be substituted in place of the lid of the oven, through which
the screw of the iron tube may be wrought, and that the distance between the
reservoir and the filler be increased, so that when the vessel and reservoir are
emerged in the boiling water access may be had to the upper stop cock.
When the substances to be preserved do not afford sufficient liquor to fill the
vessel, let the pin be driven home before removing the vessel from the oven or
bath, and while the vessel is completely charged with steam. Tin or other
metallic packages may be substituted for jars or bottles, in which case let the
tin tube be soldered into a conical projection raised on the top of the package,
and the package being fixed in a moveable press, let the same process be
followed out as before directed when jars or bottles are employed. It is
difficult to procure cork wood of sufficient strength to resist the pressure of the
atmosphere when the diameter of the bung exceeds four inches, and it is
therefore necessary, when the bungs are large, to strengthen them by increasing

page_text: the breadth of the washer. The lute may be composed of any materials
which form an air tight paste; white of egg, mixed with ground rice, or a
mixture of one third tallow and two thirds rosin, answer well. In forming
the bungs and cork, it is of advantage to moisten the bladder with white of egg
where the button of the tube is to come in contact with it, and in corking to
moisten the edge of the bung or cork and the mouth of the vessel with the
same substance. The cape for the vessels may be of cast iron, with a cushion
at the bottom of felt or other soft substance. Let there be openings in the
side of the iron tube, upon a level with the top and bottom of the reservoir,
and the bottom of the filler, to allow the air to escape and the liquor to pass,
and let the tube itself project beyond the top of the filler to receive the
pin. The bladder, previous to being applied to the cock or vessel, to be
steeped for twenty-four hours in a mixture of shumac, animal charcoal, and
water.
And I declare my second Invention to consist in the enclosing food in
vessels which, previous to and in the process of cooking, are rendered perfectly
air tight by means of a cork or bung prepared as follows:-Cut bungs or
corks in the usual way, and coat the under part and sides with prepared bladder,
as before directed; apply the cork to the mouth of the vessel, and by means of
a screw press force it a fourth part of an inch below the level of the lip of the
vessel ; cover the cork with such a lute as will, when dry, adhere to the cork in a
solid mass; cover with bladder the mouth of the vessel, and bind the bladder
firmly round its neck, and place upon the mouth of the vessel a cape having a
cushion of soft laid hemp, or other material calculated to make a steam tight
joint; put the vessel into a press, and screw the cape so firmly down as to
prevent the communication of steam or water with the bladder; place the
whole in a steam or water bath 'till the contents of the jar are fully cooked,
and when removed from the bath and perfectly cool, withdraw the vessel from
the press, and the manufacture is completed. A lute composed of one third
tallow and two thirds rosin answers well. A Drawing illustrative of the de-
scription herein contained accompanies this Specification, and is subscribed by
me as relative hereto. And lastly, I declare that I do not claim as my In-
vention the preserving food in air tight vessels, but the combination of the
several manufactures before described, by which, in the various modes I have
pointed out, that object may be accomplished.
.
In witness whereof, I, the said Æneas Morrison, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of August, in the Fifty-ninth year of
the union of His coid most Excellent Majesty George the Third by the

page_text: Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
King, Defender of the Faith, &c. and in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and nineteen.
PETER MACKENZIE,
Clerk to the above Æneas Morrison.
MALCOM MCOIG, Witness,
Clerk to the above Æneas Morrison.
:
Malcolm MCoig, Clerk to Æneas Morrison, of the City of Glasgow,
Writer, maketh oath and saith, that he did see the said Æneas Morrison, who
is named in the deed poll hereunto annexed, sign, seal, and as his act and deed
in due form of law deliver the said deed poll, and also sign the Drawing
hereunto annexed as relative to the said deed poll, in the presence of Peter
Mackenzie, Clerk to the said Æneas Morrison, and this deponent; and that
the names "Eneas Morrison" appearing to be set and subscribed to the
said deed poll, as the party executing the same and to the said Drawing, and
"Peter Mackenzie," and "Malcolm MCoig," set and subscribed to the said
deed poll and drawing, as witnesses attesting the due execution of the same,
are of the respective hands writing of the said Æneas Morrison, Peter Macken-
zie, and this deponent.