IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING THE SEPARATION OF HAIR OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE NATURAL SKINS OF ANIMALS AND IN SECURING SUCH IN POSITION WHEN SEPARATED, AND IN THE APPLICATION TO SUCH HAIR OR OTHER COVERING OF ARTIFICIAL SKINS."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Theodore Tussaud of No 107 Marylebone Road
in the County of Middlesex, Artist for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING THE SEPARATION OF HAIR OR OTHER COVERING FROM THE NATURAL
SKINS OF ANIMALS AND IN SECURING SUCH IN POSITION WHEN SEPARATED,
AND IN THE APPLICATION TO SUCH HAIR OR OTHER COVERING OF ARTIFICIAL
SKINS."
wa
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Theodore Tussaud at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1882.
$
JOHN THEODORE TUSSAUD, of No 107 Marylebone Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING THE SEPARATION OF HAIR OR
OTHER COVERING FROM THE NATURAL SKINS OF ANIMALS, AND IN SECURING SUCH
IN POSITION, WHEN SEPARATED, AND IN THE APPLICATION TO SUCH HAIR OR
OTHER COVERING, OF ARTIFICIAL SKINS
"
My improvements have reference to means by which hair or other covering from
the natural skins of animals may be held in correct relative position as on the
natural skin, after that skin is removed.
In the specification of two former patents granted to Joseph Randall Tussaud
and Francis Curtius Tussaud, one dated the 26th of June 1881 N° 1634, and the
other dated the 10th of June 1871 No 1545, they refer to means by which the
hair or other covering to the skins of animals may be held in correct relative
position as on the natural skin whilst that skin is removed and until a substitute
for such skin is applied to the roots of the hair or other covering to retain them in
position, and they refer to shellac dissolved in alcohol as means adapted to the
purpose of temporarily holding the hair during the removal of the natural skin.
In the specification of their patent of 1871, they describe their improvements as
having reference to means for acting first on the hair on the natural skins previous
to the application of the temporary holding means, and also to the use of glue, size
or gelatine applied in solution, so as to form, when cool, a body to hold the hair in
position during the removal therefrom of the natural skin, and the application to
the roots thereof of a substitute for such skin, They further state that the

page_text: "
artificial skin might be formed of india-rubber, gutta percha or compounds thereof
"vulcanised or "prepared," boiled linseed or other drying oil, or other suitable
adhesive matters, strengthened, if desired, by woven fabrics, and that when such
artificial skin had been applied and had set, the glutinous matter employed as the
temporary holding means might be removed by dissolving in warm water or
steam.
They in some cases employed carbonate, sulphate, sulphite, phosphate, acetate or
byposulphite of soda, in a state of fusion, as a substitute for the animal glue.
Now, my improvements have reference to the method of applying linseed oil of
a suitable consistency either alone or mixed with Naphtha, Benzoline, or other
suitable volatile spirit, together with woven fabrics, felt, or fibre, to the roots of
the hair held by such temporary holding means, so as to form a durable, cheap and
suitable covering fabric or substance in place of the natural skin, and to be used
instead of india-rubber, gutta percha, or other adhesive matter, which have hitherto
been employed and found perishable or expensive.
In carrying my invention into effect, I first cleanse the roots of the hair or other
covering by carding or brushing. I then give the roots of the hair or other
covering a coating of boiled linseed oil of a sufficiently thick consistency either
alone, or mixed with naphtha, benzoline or other suitable volatile spirit with or
without a cotton, wool, or hair fibre and thick enough to prevent the preparation
from sinking or running down into the hair or other covering in work. I then
place the hair or other covering so worked upon into a drying stove or oven, and
submit it to a gentle heat to evaporate the moisture contained in the temporary
holding means.
I then gradually increase the heat of the drying stove or oven to such a
temperature as to dry the coating of such preparation expeditiously, without
injuring the hair or other covering. I then spread upon the roots of the hair or
other covering a second coating of such preparation and while such second coating
is moist and adhesive, I spread and work upon it a woven fabric, or I spread, sift
and work upon it, a mixture of fibre, or felt, or both. I then again place the hair
or other covering so worked upon into a drying stove or oven, heated to a
temperature to dry the second coating of such preparation. I then spread upon
the second coating a third coating of such preparation, and while the same is
moist and adhesive, I place, spread and work upon such third coating, a cotton,
wool, or other suitable fibre, so as to further strengthen the so manufactured
backing or artificial skin, and give it a finished and improved surface. I then
again place the hair or other covering so worked upon into a drying stove or oven
heated to a temperature to dry the third coating of such preparation. When the
artificial skin or backing is created, I get rid of the temporary holding means by
immersing the hair or other covering with the artificial skin or backing in hot
water, or a warm solution of the temporary holding means.
The foregoing process may be varied according to the class of hair or other
covering worked upon, and whether required with a thin or light, thick or heavy
backing or artificial skin, that is to say by giving as many coatings as desired,
of such preparation to the roots of the hair or other covering working on to
each or any coating as before mentioned.
The process may again be varied by first spreading or placing upon the roots of
the hair or other covering an open or porous fabric and working such preparation
onto the roots of the hair or other covering through and on the fabric and drying
the hair or other covering as before described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Theodore Tussaud in- the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th January 1883..
64
JOHN THEODORE TUSSAUD of No 107 Marylebone Road in the County of
Middlesex Artist 'IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING. THE SEPARATION OF HAIR OR
OTHER COVERING FROM THE NATURAL SKINS OF ANIMALS AND IN SECURING SUCH
IN POSITION WHEN SEPARATED AND IN THE APPLICATION TO SUCH HAIR OR
OTHER COVERING OF ARTIFICIAL' SKINS
"
:
i
My improvements have reference to means by which hair or other covering from
the natural skins of animals may be held in correct relative position as on the
natural skin after that skin is removed. In the Specification of two former Patents
granted to Joseph Randall Tussaud and Francis Curtius Tussaud one dated the
26th of June 1861 No 1634 and the other dated the 10th of June 1871 Nº 1545
they refer to means by which the hair or covering to the skins of animals may be
held in correct relative position as on the natural skin whilst that skin is removed
and until a substitute for such skin is applied to the roots of the hair or other
covering to retain them in position and they refer to shellac dissolved in alcohol
as means adopted to the purpose of temporarily holding the hair during the
removal of the natural skin
In their specification of their patent of 1871 they describe their improvements as
having reference to means for acting first on the hair on the natural skins previous
to the application of the temporary holding means and also to the use of glue size
or gelatine applied in solution so as to form when cool a body to hold the hair in
position during the removal therefrom of the natural skin and the application to
the roots thereof of a substitute for such skin They further state that the
artificial skin might be formed of India rubber gutta percha or compounds thereof
"vulcanised" or "prepared" boiled linseed or other drying oil or other suitable
adhesive matter strengthened if desired by woven fabrics and that when such
artificial skin had. been applied and had set the glutinous matter employed as the
temporarily holding means might be removed by disolving in warm water or
steam They in some cases employed carbonate sulphate sulphite phosphate
acetate or hipposulphite of soda in a state of fusion as a substitute for the animal
glue
Now my improvements have reference to the method of applying linseed oil of a
suitable consistency either alone or mixed with Naptha Benzoline or other suitable
volatile spirit or India rubber dissolved in Naptha Benzoline or other suitable
volatile spirit together with hair wool or cotton fibre or felt to the roots of the
hair held by such temporary holding means so as to form a durable cheap and
suitable covering fabric or substance in place of the natural skin
In carrying my invention into effect I first cleanse the roots of the hair or other
covering by carding or brushing I then give the roots of the hair or other covering
a coating of boiled linseed oil of a sufficiently thick consistency either alone or
mixed with Naptha Benzoline or other suitable volatile spirit to prevent the
preparation (hereinafter called "such preparation") from sinking or running down
into the hair or other covering in work I then spread sift or work upon the roots
of the hair or other covering a hair wool or cotton fibre or felt and press or roll
the same upon the roots of the hair or other covering while such preparation is
moist and adhesive I then place the hair or other covering so worked upon into a
drying stove or oven and submit it to a gentle heat to evaporate the moisture
contained in the temporary holding means I then gradually increase the heat of
the drying stove or oven to such a temperature as to dry the coating of such

page_text: preparation expeditiously without injuring the hair or other covering I then
spread upon the roots of the hair or other covering a second coating of such
preparation and while such second coating is moist and adhesive I spread sift or
work and roll upon it a hair wool or cotton fibre or felt I then again place the
hair or other covering so worked upon into a drying stove or oven heated to a
temperature to dry the second coating of such preparation I then spread upon
the second coating when so dried. a third coating of such preparation and
while the same is moist, and adhesive I spread sift or work and roll upon such
third coating a hair wool or cotton fibre or felt so as to further strengthen
the so manufactured backing or artificial skin I then again place. the hair or
other covering so worked upon into a drying stove or oven heated to a temperature
to dry the third coating of such preparation When the artificial skin or backing
is thus created I get rid of the temporary holding means by immersing the hair or
other covering with the artificial skin or backing in hot water or a warm solution
of the temporary holding means
+
The foregoing process may be varied according to the class of hair or other
covering worked upon and whether required with a thin or light thick or heavy
backing or artificial skin that is to say by giving as many coatings as desired of
such preparation to the roots of the hair or other covering working on the each'.or
any coating as before mentioned
When I employ India rubber dissolved in Benzoline Naptha or other suitable
volatile spirit either alone or combined with boiled linseed oil I employ it together
with a hair wool or cotton fibre or felt in the same. manner in which I have
described the employment or application, of such preparation with this difference
that when I employ India-rubber dissolved as before described alone it is not
necessary to dry the coating or coatings in a drying stove or oven or other drying
medium but it is necessary when using the. India rubber alone or when used in
a large proportion with such preparation to vulcanize it.
When I employ India rubber dissolved as before described combined with boiled
dinseed oil the drying process is gone through in the same manner as when such
preparation is used.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same may be performed I declare that I claim The improvements in obtaining
the separation of hair or other covering from the natural skins of animals and
in securing such in position when separated and in the application to such hair
or other covering of artificial skins substantially as hereinbefore described for the
purpose set forth In witness whereof I the said John Theodore Tussaud have
hereunto set my hand and seal this sixth day January 1883
TATT
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