Improvements in Calendering Textile Fabrics and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left. 22nd Dec., 1890-Accepted, 24th Jan., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Calendering Textile Fabrics and in Apparatus
therefor.
JOHN HADDOW 7 Barlow Terrace Levenshulme Manchester Mechanical Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in friction calenders.
Where a high finish is required. it is necessary to keep the bowls in good condition
perfectly smooth on the face, & free from imperfections, and the difficulty of doing
this, is well known to all users of such calenders. Previous to my invention friction
calenders have been fitted with 3 bowls. 2 of the 3 bowls made of iron, and the
remaining of paper or other suitable material, which works between the 2 afore-
mentioned iron bowls. When in operation the 2 iron bowls are positively driven
by gearing or other suitable means, in such a manner that the top iron bowl of the
two aforementioned, revolves at a quicker periphery speed than the bottom iron bowl,
by which means a friction is produced between this bowl and the paper bowl, which
gives the finish to the material in passing through.
It is well known to all users of calenders, that any small imperfections on the
face of the paper bowl in contact with the friction owl, leaves a corresponding
imperfection on the material, after it has passed through the friction process.
The object of my invention is to prevent the aforementioned imperfections occurring
by the addition of another roller which is positively driven by gearing or otherwise,
so as to have the same periphery speed as the bottom roller of the 3 first mentioned
rollers, which receives the cloth in the machine, thereby giving off the cloth or
material, at the same speed as it is taken in the machine.
This additional roller receives the material after it has passed through the present
friction arrangement, but before it has left the friction roller, and submits tho
material, to another or double friction process, that I claim removes any imperfections
or defects that may have been left on the material after passing through the first
friction process.
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Calendering Textile Fabrics and in Apparatus
therefor.
JOHN HADDOW 7 Barlow Terrace Levenshulme Manchester, Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to improvements in friction calenders. Where a high finish
is required it is necessary to keep the bowls in good condition, perfectly smooth on
the face & free from imperfections, and the difficulty of doing this, is well known to
all users of such calenders. Previous to my invention friction calenders have been
fitted with 3 bowls & the finish got by a single friction process.
In this arrangement should the bowl which gives the finish be damaged by folds or
creases in the fabric, the machine is rendered inoperative.
The object of my claim is to divide the finish into two operations by the addition
of a fourth bowl, which as hereafter described & explained prevents the fabric from
receiving the imperfections being transmitted to same as above mentioned.
By aid of the accompanying drawings of which Fig. 1 is an end view & Fig. 2 a

page_text: front elevation of a calender, constructed in accordance with my invention. In order
to make the same clear I have shewn the four bowls a, b, c, d, in full thick lines in
Fig. 1, and shaded them in Fig. 2. Bowl a is of iron, of paper, cotton or other
suitable material, c of chilled iron or other material with a suitable hard face, and d of
paper, or other suitable material. The bowls a. e & d are positively driven by gearing
or otherwise from the main driving wheel e, on shaft ; & bowl b'is driven by simple
frictional contact with bowl a. The fabric or material to be operated upon is shewn
at g, passing into the calender at the underside of bowl a, then to the tension or back
rails h, passing from them first between bowls a & b, then round the small roller
if preferred, and between b & c, then between bowls & &d and afterwards led off &
away in any desired direction. My drawing shews the fabric as being wound on a
roller at i.
The pressure to produce the friction is applied in the usual way by means of screws
& compound levers at k. k.
Having now explained the construction & routine of the fabric to be calendered
I proceed to explain how the finish & the durability of the rollers is secured, by
means of 2 friction operations wherein my claim is made. Whatever amount of
friction is required to give the necessary finish to the fabric one half of that friction is
given, whilst the material is passing between bowls &c, by means of making bowl c
run at a greater periphery speed than bowl which is receiving the material from
bowl a and being driven at the same periphery speed as a, in consequence of frictional
contact with same. So far as I have gone, I have described the operation performed
in an ordinary friction calender, and as often happens any imperfections or folds
in the fabric passing into the machine damage bowl & render the calender
inoperative till bowl is readjusted.
My claim renders the readjustment of this bowl unnecessary (unless extraordinarily
damaged) as should unfinished spots or places from the howl b, be transmitted to
fabric following on, they are removed by the second or other half of the finish put on
the material whilst passing through bowls c & d, by means of making bowl d rul at
[t
the same periphery speed as a &b, which as previously explained is slower than
will be seen that bowl d is not liable to be damaged by folds or creases in the fabric,
because they have been eliminated by the first friction process between howls b & c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is
1. The addition of the fourth bowl, and the method of rotating same, whereby
in conjunction with the other three bowls, 1 get the second finish to the fabric, as
substantially set forth & indicated.
2. To produce a high finish on fabrics or materials by means of submitting
them to a double friction process in one calender, substantially as set forth and
indicated.
3. To ensure a reliable finish free from imperfections as substantially set forth &
explained.
4. To prolong the lives of the bowls as substantially set forth and explained.
19th day of December 1890.
JOHN HADDOW.