Improvements in Apparatus for Purifying, Treating and Aerating Beer and other Beverages.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Oct., 1899-Accepted, 18th Nov.,
1899
Improvements in Apparatus for Purifying, Treating and Aerating
Beer and other Beverages.
I, EDMONDSON SCHOLES, of 939, Hollins Road, Hollinwood, in the County of
Lancaster, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My said invention has reference to an apparatus principally designed for
puritying, treating and aërating beer but which is also capable of being used in
the aëration of other beverages.
It is well known that beer when bottled, and after undergoing second fer-
mentation, contains impurities which gradually settle to the bottom of the
Lottle when the bottle is left undisturbed, so that unless the contents are care-
fully poured out and the dregs left in the bottle the beer is muddied, and loses its
bright and sparkling appearance.
It is known that if the beer is reduced to a very low temperature the impurities
before in solution are caused to be held in suspension and can be filtered out
leaving the beer clear and sparkling and entirely free from impurities. This
has been practised with success for many years in the manufacture of lager beer,
refrigerating means having been employed in connection with the receptacles
containing the beer.
Such refrigerating means are costly and the object of my invention is to con-
struct an apparatus by means of which beer can be economically and rapidly
refrigerated aerated and filtered.
In constructing an apparatus for this purpose I provide a tank or vat of suit-
able capacity and arrange within its interior a coil of tubing or series of coils
in connection with each other.
The interior of the vat is filled with ice, ice and water or any suitable freezing
material or mixture. I might in some cases employ cold air. The air being
refrigerated in any suitable manner and supplied to the tank or vat so as to come
in contact with the coil or coils. The beer, which may either be in condition
for consumption or freshly brewed, is pumped by a suitable pump through the
coil or series of coils within the vat.
The beer may of course be forced or drawn through the coils otherwise than
by means of a pump. As these coils are submerged within the freezing mixture
or encases by the cold air the beer is reduced to the requisite low temperature
in its passage through the coil or coils so that it assumes the condition in which
the impurities can be filtered out. Within, or it might be outside the tank is
also mounted a cylinder or chamber containing or supplied with carbonic acid gas.
To facilitate the aëration of the liquid I prefer to use within the carbonic acid
gas chamber, rotary arms provided with perforated cups or receptacles.
The coil is in communication with the chamber containing or supplied with
carbonic acid gas and the beer is passed through the chamber and aërated. The
aërated beer is then forced through a suitable filter preferably mounted on the

page_text: side of the vat. This latter is preferably surrounded with ice, or freezing mix-
ture or it may be kept at a suitably low temperature by a means of cold air.
The aërated beer emerges clear and sparkling from the filter and is at once
bottled at an adjoining apparatus before any appreciable increase of temperature
in the beer takes place.
The apparatus is practically self-contained and the operations of aërating,
filtering and bottling continue in such rapid sequence that it is impossible for
the beer either to gain any appreciable increase of temperature or lose its car-
bonic acid gas before it is bottled.
Instead of using a fixed coil or coils as described a rotating coil might be used
to agitate the freezing mixture the beer being passed through hollow trunnions
revolving in packed glands in the sides of the vat. Or I might employ dashers
or agitators for the purposes of agitating the freezing mixture.
One salient advantage of the apparatus lies in the fact that liquids have a
greater affinity for carbonic acid gas and absorb the same more readily at a low
temperature. It is therefore possible to thoroughly aërate and bottle the beer
at a very low pressure thus obviating to a very great extent the bursting of the
bottles.
My apparatus may therefore be successfully used in the manufacture of soda
water and other beverages which require aërating and in these cases the filter
may or may not be dispensed with."
ד
1
1000
Improvements in Apparatus for Purifying, Treating and Aerating
Beer and other Beverages.
I, EDMONDSON SCHOLES, of 939, Hollins Road, Hollinwood, in the County of
Lancaster, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
imanner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
My said invention has reference to an apparatus principally designed for
purifying, treating and aërating beer but which is also capable of being used in
the aeration of other beverages.
It is well known that beer when bottled, and after undergoing second fer-
mentation, contains impurities which gradually settle to the bottom of the
bottle when the bottle is left undisturbed, so that unless the contents are care-
fully poured out and the dregs left in the bottle the beer is muddied, and loses its
bright and sparkling appearance.
It is also known that if the beer is reduced to a very low temperature the
impurities before in solution are caused to be held in suspension and can be
filtered out or precipitated leaving the beer clear and sparkling and entirely free
from impurities. This has been practised with success for many years in the
manufacture of lager beer, refrigerating means having been employed in con-
nection with the receptacles containing the beer.
This process is however very slow and the refrigerating means are costly.
The object of my invention therefore is to construct an apparatus by means of
which beer can be economically and rapidly refrigerated, aërated (that is to say,
impregnated with carbonic acid gas), and filtered.

page_text: The accompanying two sheets of drawings clearly illustrate my invention.”
On Sheet 1,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of an apparatus constructed in accordance with
my invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the essential portion of the same with the cover removed.
On Sheet 2,
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a modification of my invention.
Referring in the first place to Figs. 1 and 2, in constructing an apparatus in
accordance with my invention I provide a tank or vat A of suitable capacity
and arrange within its interior a coil of tubing B or it might be a series of coils
in connection with each other. The vat A is formed with double walls the
space a between which is filled with charcoal or any other suitable non-conductor
of heat.
The interior of the vat is filled with ice, ice and water or any suitable freezing
material or mixture. I might in some cases employ cold air, the air being re-
frigerated in any suitable manner and supplied to the tank or vat so as to come
into contact with the coil or coils. The beer, which may either be in condition
for consumption or freshly brewed, is pumped from its receptacle by a suitable
pump through the coil or series of coils B within the vat as shown by the
arrow.
The beer may of course be forced or drawn through the coils otherwise than by
means of a pump. As these coils are submerged within the freezing mixture
or encased by the cold air the beer is reduced to the requisite low temperature
in its passage through the coil or coils so that it assumes the condition in which
the impurities can be filtered out. Within, or it might be outside, the tank A
is also mounted a cylinder or chamber D containing or supplied with carbonic
acid gas, through the pipe b shown more clearly in Fig. 2 which is a plan view
of Fig. 1 with the cover removed. The carbonic acid gas cylinder is carried
within the vat A upon brackets j and secured thereto by means of clips k.
To facilitate the aëration of the liquid I prefer to use within the carbonic acid
gas chamber, rotary arms c provided with perforated cups or receptacles d.
To rotate the arms c within the chamber D I mount a shaft e in bearings f
secured to the vat A and drive the same by means of the pulley f' from any con-
venient source of power. A spur wheely upon the shaft c gears with a spur
wheel secured to the axis i of the rotary arms c whereby the same are driven.
The coil or tubing B is in communication with the chamber D containing or
supplied with carbonic acid gas and the beer is passed through the chamber and
aërated.
The aërated beer is then forced through a separate suitable filter E carried in
a double walled casing F and mounted on the side of the vat A. This filter
may be surrounded with ice, or freezing mixture or it may be kept at a suitably
low temperature by means of cold air.
The filter E may be of any suitable form for filtering beer and other beverages.
The aërated beer emerges clear and sparkling from the filter and is at once
bottled at an adjoining apparatus G, which is of an ordinary suitable type.
before any appreciable increase of temperature in the beer takes place.
To agitate the freezing mixture within the vat A I employ a propellor or
dasher mounted upon a shaft m which is rotated by a pulley o.
The propel-
lor is enclosed within a conical casing n the top and bottom of which is per-
forated to permit of the circulation of the liquid within the vat A. The carbonic
acid gas chamber and filter E are provided with pressure gauges PP.
I do not confine myself to the exact arrangement shown as this may be varied,
for instance a modification of my invention is shown in Sheet 2. Fig. 3 shows
in sectional elevation a double walled vat A the space between the walls being
packed with charcoal or the like as before mentioned.
Upon the top of the vat A is arranged a cistern or tank H within which is a
length of tubing q. This tubing is in communication with a suitable refrigera-

page_text: ting apparatus (not shown in the drawings) from which ammonia is pumped
through the tubing and back again to the refrigerating apparatus as shown by
the arrows. The tank H is filled with brine which is reduced to a very low tem-
perature by means of the ammonia. The brine is pumped or forced along the
piper through a hollow shafts and through a coilt back again through a re-
turn pipe to the tank H. The central portion of the hollow shaft s is cut off
from the supply of brine by means of discs uu.
The coil of tubing t is arranged within a cylindrical vessel I, through which
the hollow shaft s passes. The bearing pedestals vv for the shafts and the covers
of the cylinder I are provided with stuffing boxes w and glands a so as to pre-
vent leakage of liquor. The cylinder I which may be made of any suitable
metal to withstand the action of acids is mounted upon a trestle or standards J
which also carry a suitable filter E. The shaft s is slowly rotated in its bearings
by means of a chain wheel y fixed on the shaft. In this modified form of my
apparatus the beer is pumped into the cylinder I through the pipe z and coming
into contact with the rotating coil through which the brine passes is reduced
to the requisite low temperature.
From the cylinder I the beer passes through the pipe to the filter E and
from the filter to the bottling apparatus by way of the pipe 2. The bottling
machine, refrigerating apparatus, and pumps for circulating the brine and beer,
are of any suitable description and are not shown in the drawings.
To aërate the beer before it is passed through the filter I provide the cylin-
der I with a pipe 3 in communication with a carbonic acid gas supply and to
facilitate the aëration I provide the rotating coil with perforated cups or recep-
tacles as shown in Fig. 4 which tend to more thoroughly impregnate the liquor
with the carbonic acid gas.
If desired the inlet pipe 3 for the carbonic acid gas may be disposed at the
bottom of the cylinder I as shown in dotted lines. I further provide the cylin-
der I with a safety valve 4 pressure gauge 5 and thermometer 6. Instead of
circulating brine reduced to a low temperature through the coil t, I may connect
the feed pipe hollow shaft s and return pipe t¹ directly to the refrigerating
apparatus so that the circulation of ammonia through the coil will reduce the
beer to the requisite low temperature and the brine will thus be dispensed with.
The apparatus is practically self-contained and the operations of refrigerating,
aërating, filtering and bottling continue in such rapid sequence that it is
impossible for the beer either to gain any appreciable increase of temperature
or lose its carbonic acid gas before it is bottled.
One salient advantage of the apparatus lies in the fact that liquids have a
greater affinity for carbonic acid gas and absorb the same more readily at a low
temperature. It is therefore possible to thoroughly aërate and bottle the beer
at a very low pressure thus obviating to a very great extent the bursting of the
bottles.
My apparatus may therefore be successfully used in the manufacture of soda
water and other beverages which require aërating and in these cases the filter
may or may not be dispensed with."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1) As means for purifying filtering and aërating beer and other beverages an
apparatus by means of which the liquor can be rapidly refrigerated aërated and
filtered so that the beer may be bottled without losing its carbonic acid gas or
gaining any appreciable increase of temperature constructed arranged and acting
substantially as described.
2) The improved apparatus for the indicated purposes constructed arranged
and acting substantially as described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 1
and 2 of the drawings.

page_text: 3) In apparatus of the indicated nature a cylinder or receptacle through which
the beer or other beverage is circulated the cylinder containing a rotating re-
frigerating coil, and being also in communication with a carbonic acid gas
supply to effect the rapid refrigeration and aëration of the beer or other beverage
substantially as described and illustrated in Sheet 2 of the drawings.
4) The arrangement construction and combination of parts comprising the
improved apparatus for the indicated purposes substantially as described and
shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
Dated this 30th day of September 1899.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester.