matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TABLES FOR BRICK, TILE, OR PIPE MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Enoch and Gavin Enoch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1878.
ELIJAH ENOCH, of Newington, Hull, in the County of York, Machinery Agent,
and GAVIN ENOCH, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CUTTING TABLES FOR BRICK, TILE, OR PIPE MAKING MACHINES."
The object of this Invention is to arrange the cutting tables of brick, tile, or pipe
making machines in such a manner that the stream of clay as it is issuing from the
die of the expressing machine is cut to such a length that it will make the number
of bricks or tiles the machine is arranged for, and when the stream of clay is cut
the piece can be travelled forward in advance of the continuous stream issuing from
the die, and cut at right angles into the sizes of the bricks or tilos.
We accomplish our object in the following manner :-The stream of clay is issued
from the expressing die towards the cutting table over a series of rollers or plain
surface, forming top of table. When a sufficient length of clay has issued to
form the number of bricks or tiles that the cutting table is arranged for, the con-
tinuous stream of clay is cut transversely to the stream by means of a wire that is
mounted in a frame, and actuated by a lever. The piece of clay that has been thus
cut is propelled forward in the direction of the stream on to the cutting table until
the clay is in the requisite position opposite a frame, which is mounted in the
framework of the cutting table, and contains a number of cutting wires. The cutting
table and frame, with the severed piece of clay, are then travelled forward in
advance of the continuous stream, leaving a space between the stream and the
length that has been cut. The before-named cutting wires that are secured in the
frame, which is actuated by means of levers, wheels, or other equivalents, are forced
through the piece of clay while it is at rest, and cut the same into bricks or tiles the
size at which the cutting wires are set.

page_text: When the piece of clay has been thus cut the cutting table is brought back into
its original position, and by so doing the stream of clay pushes the cut bricks or
tiles further on to the table, or on to the carrying off board, or other receptacle,
when the operation before described can be repeated.
PROVEMENTS IN COMBINED AIR GUNS AND UMBRELLA STICKS, PARASOL STICKS, WALKING STICKS, OR RIDING WHIPS, AND DARTS TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1878.
"IM-
WILLIAM ROBERT DAVIS, of Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN COMBINED AIR GUNS AND UMBRELLA STICKS, PARASOL STICKS,
WALKING STICKS, OR RIDING WHIPS, AND DARTS TO BE USED THEREWITH."
My Invention relates to air guns of the kind used for the game of "puff and
dart," in which a dart is blown or propelled by the breath, the air gun being used
in the manner of a pea-shooter, and it relates, first, to the combination of such air
guns with umbrellas, parasols, walking sticks, and riding whips, so as to be readily
available at any moment without involving the trouble of carrying the guns
separately.
According to this part of my Invention I make the greater portion of an umbrella
stick tubular, and connect it by a screw joint to the solid part of the stick on which
the top notch and ribs are mounted as usual. The tubular part is bored true and
lined with brass tubing to lessen the friction of the dart passing through it and
give a longer range.
The handle end is provided with a cupped mouth-piece into which is fitted a
knob or cap when it is not in use as an air gun. The other extremity is provided
with a ferrule terminating in a male screw which screws into a corresponding female
screw formed in a similar ferrule fixed on the solid part of the stick, whereby the
tubular and solid portions of the stick may be firmly united when the umbrella is
used or carried, and readily disconnected when the tubular part is to be used as
an air gun.
The same arrangement applies to parasol sticks, walking sticks, and to riding
whips, except that in the latter case the handle only is tubular and detached for
use as an air gun.
My Invention also relates to darts for use with such air guns, and consists in
providing the needle or shank of the dart with a tail serving to steady the flight
of the dart, and to form a piston accurately fitting the tube of the gun, so as to
prevent windage or loss of the propelling power without causing excessive friction
which would reduce the range of flight.

page_text: According to my Invention this tail is made of vulcanised india-rubber in the
form of an acute cone with its base directed backwards and hollow, so as by its
elasticity to expand slightly under the pressure of the air behind and within it, and
accurately fit the tube of the gun.
The advantages of vulcanised india-rubber for this purpose are, that it is not
softened by heat and does not therefore lose its shape, neither is it liable to get
hard in cold weather; moreover, vulcanised india-rubber being usually manufactured
of a white color, it does not on the one hand require to be painted or enamelled to
render the darts visible in long grass, whilst, on the other hand, it is well adapted
for receiving any distinguishing colors required for the game.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORM GEARING APPLICABLE IN AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by John Imray at the Office of the Coni-
missioners of Patents on the 19th July 1878. A communication from abroad
by Edouard Maitre, of Montigny sur Aube, France.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex:
" IMPROVEMENTS IN WORM GEARING APPLICABLE IN AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER
MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Edouard Maitre, of Montigny sur
Aube, France.
This Invention relates to a construction of worm gearing in such manner that
the worm or endless screw has several convolutions of its thread engaged at the
same time with antifriction rollers, which are mounted on the periphery of the
wheel so as to turn freely; these rollers being used instead of the ordinary stationary
cogs or teeth of the worm wheel.
The accompanying Drawing represents an clevation of a worm and wheel
according to this Invention, part of the wheel being shewn in section.
The rim of the wheel a has an inner rib b with a number of bosses c, and on the
edge of the rim are corresponding projecting face pieces d. At each of the bosses a
hole is provided, in which is inserted a bolt f secured by a nut e. The boltsf form
axles on which are mounted rollers g which are conical on the edge, and are retained
by the sunk bolt heads i.
The worm V has its thread formed on a spindle, which is curved in outline to
correspond with the curvature of the wheel, and the thread has its faces corres-
ponding with the radii of the wheel.
Several of the convolutions k of the thread are engaged at the same time with
several of the rollers g.
This gearing may be employed with great economy of power to convey motion,
either from the worm to the wheel, or from the wheel to the worm, the friction,
which in ordinary worm gearing is of the rubbing kind, being in this arrangement
converted into rolling friction.
Gearing such as is above described is applicable in machinery generally, parti-
cularly in agricultural machines, such as those for reaping, mowing, or threshing,
and wherever worm gearing can be conveniently applied.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim, the use of worm gearing in which several convolutions of an oblique-sided
worm, formed on a spindle having an outline corresponding in curvature with the
wheel, engage with conical rollers mounted to revolve freely on the periphery of
the wheel, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Imray, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEPTONIZED OR SOLUBLE MEAT
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stephen Darby, of 140, Leadenhall Street, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PEPTONIZED OR SOLUBLE MEAT."
Sealed the 3rd June 1879, and dated the 20th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stephen Darby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1878.
STEPHEN DARBY, of 140, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEPTONIZED OR SOLUBLE MEAT."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of peptonized
or soluble meat.
I take substances known as proteids or albumenoids, flesh is the most suitable,
and I separate first the soluble extractive matters and proceed as follows:-I mince
the flesh finely, mix with about its own weight of water, boil and strain. The
clear liquor is then evaporated, either alone or subsequently with the peptone
solution.
The residue after boiling is then mixed with water, say, about 1 lb. to 1 gallon,
and heated in a suitable closed vessel to a pressure of from 3 to 4 atmospheres
(45lbs. to 60lbs.) for about 4 hours.
The liquor is clarified and evaporated to a syrupy, pasty, or dry form.
The extractive matter, which is concentrated in a similar manner, is added and
thoroughly mixed either before or after evaporation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Stephen Darby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th June
1879.
STEPHEN DARBY, of 140, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PEPTONIZED OR SOLUBLE MEAT."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of peptonized
or soluble meat.
I take substances known as proteids or albumenoids, flesh is the most suitable, and
I separate first the soluble extractive matters and proceed as follows:-I mince the
flesh finely, mix with about its own weight of water, raise the mixture to its boiling.
point, and strain. The strained clear liquor so obtained is then evaporated, either
alone or subsequently with the peptone solution.
The residue, insoluble after boiling, is then mixed with water, say, about 1lb. to
1 gallon, and heated in a suitable closed vessel to a pressure of from 3 to 4 atmo-
spheres (45lbs. to 60lbs.) for about 4 hours.
The liquor is clarified by filtration or otherwise, and evaporated with the watery
solution of extractive to a syrupy, pasty, or dry form.
Or it is evaporated alone and the extractive matter which has been concentrated
in a similar manner is added and thoroughly mixed with it.
What I claim as the combined processes for the manufacture of peptonized or
soluble meat by which the soluble extractive matter is first-separated, then the
residue changed and rendered soluble by treatment under pressure, and afterwards
the products combined, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Darby, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
STEPHEN DARBY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MONOHYDRATED SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Messel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th March 1878. (Partly a commu-
nication from abroad by Wilhelm Mayers, of Schlebusch, in Rhenish
Prussia.)
RUDOLPH MESSEL, of Silvertown, Victoria Docks, in the County of Essex,
Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MONOHYDRATED SULPHURIC
ACID." Partly a communication from abroad by Wilhelm Majers, of Schlebusch,
in Rhenish Prussia.]
This Invention relates to the production of monohydrated sulphuric acid, and
consists,―
Firstly. In passing the gases or products resulting from the combustion or
burning of minerals, ores, or products containing sulphur, such, for example, as iron
pyrites, through or bringing the same in contact with concentrated sulphuric acid,
in order that any sulphuric anhydride contained therein may be absorbed, and the
monobydrated sulphuric acid be separated and obtained in a fluid condition.
Secondly. In passing the gases or products resulting from the combustion or
burning of sulphur over a catalytic substance in conjunction with air, the saine
being maintained at an elevated temperature, in order that a portion of such
gases or products may be converted into sulphuric anhydride, and then absorbing
such sulphuric anhydride by means of concentrated oil of vitriol, either by passing
the gases containing the sulphuric anhydride through, or by bringing the same in
contact with the concentrated sulphuric acid, in order that monohydrated sulphuric
acid may be separated therefrom, and obtained in a fluid condition.
The residual gases or products resulting from either of the above processes may
be utilized for the production of sulphuric acid by the ordinary methods.

page_text: What I wish to be understood by catalytic substances are those substances or
substances similar to those which are mentioned in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me the 15th January 1878, No. 186.
The monohydrated sulphuric acid thus resulting will be found to be in a condition
suitable for employment in the arts.
AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS IN OPENING BOTTLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby Fox and William
Henry Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June
1878.
HOWARD BUSBY Fox and WILLIAM HENRY SMITH, both of 3, York Buildings,
Dale Street, Liverpool, Engineers. "AN IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO PREVENT
ACCIDENTS IN OPENING BOTTLES."
This improvement consists in the application of a guard piece or shield to an
opening knife, pointer, corkscrew, or other instrument such as is used for drawing
the corks from soda water and other bottles, which will when in use be the means
of preventing accidents which so frequently occur in the withdrawing of corks
from bottles, or the frequent bursting of the same during the pressure of the knife,
pointer, or other instrument upon the cork.
The way in which we propose to construct this will be as follows:- We attach
to the shoulder of the knife, pointer, corkscrew, or other instrument a guard piece,
constructed by preference of perforated zinc, wire netting, or other suitable material
so as to combine strength with lightness, and of such dimensions as will protect the
face and hands of the operator, and at the same time allow the operator to see
what is being done through the guard piece so constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TESTING OIL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Edward Yates and William
Porritt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September
1878.
WALTER EDWARD YATES and WILLIAM PORRITT, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TESTING
OIL."
This Invention consists principally of a revolving disc or plate mounted loosely
upon a central stud and having a friction block resting upon its upper horizontal
face, and also capable of turning loosely upon the same central stud or pivot. The
disc or plate is driven by means of a pair of nitre wheels, and a worm on the
driving shaft actuating a counting apparatus indicates the number of revolutions
made.
Near one end of the friction block a vertical hole is pierced through, and into
this hole a definite quantity of the oil to be tested is dropped, which lubricates the
surface of the disc and the under side of the friction block.
To the upper side of the friction block is fixed a small mitre wheel gearing with
a similar wheel fixed on one end of a short shaft or spindle supported in suitable
bearings.
On this shaft is keyed a pulley, and to this pulley is connected one end of a
chain, the other end of the same being attached to a weighted lever, the latter
being connected to the index of a small dial. The action of the apparatus is as
follows: So long as the lubricating material is sufficient to overcome the friction
the weighted lever will maintain the friction block in its normal position, the index
of the small dial remaining at "zero," but as the oil becomes used and the friction
increases the friction block will be carried partly round with the disc and cause
the chain to raise the weighted lever and move the index gradually round the dial,

page_text: It will be evident that by comparing the position of the index with the number
of revolutions made in a given time the lubricating qualties of the oil will be fully
tested.
The weighted lever is provided with a ratchet or click which runs over a curved
rack and prevents it from falling back into its original position till' liberated.
The friction block is furnished with a thermometer to test the heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Whatley Tyler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1878.
HENRY WHATLEY TYLER, Knight, of Wyvenhoe Hall, near Colchester, in the
County of Essex. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING."
This Invention has reference to a mode of obtaining light from electric currents
however produced.
The improvements consist (1), in the application of platinum in any form or any
other suitable material or combination of materials, gaseous, liquid, or solid, so as
to admit of the passage of continuous currents at the same time that light is
evolved; (2), in a contrivance for regulating the passage of the currents, consisting
of a cylinder, switch, or other convenient form of commutator capable of adjustment
to admit of the passage of the currents in different directions: This contrivance is
provided with voltaic connections so arranged that the current may by its action
be turned either through the light evolving apparatus or past it without passing
through it, and also when desired, with resistance coils or media to admit of the
current being made to pass at pleasure partially through it and partially past it in
different degrees; (3), in the combination of the above light evolving and regulating
apparatus by means of which a greater number of lights than heretofore may be
employed on the same circuit, and each apparatus may be lightened or darkened
without undue interference with other apparatus on the same circuit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Billingsley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1878.
CHARLES BILLINGSLEY, of Carnault Place, Clerkenwell.
KETTLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
*
The object of this Invention is the construction of ordinary water kettles in such
manner as to do away with the disadvantage hitherto attending their use by reason
of the lid being directly underneath the handle, towards which the steam rises
when the water is in a state of ebullition, thereby causing the same to become
unpleasantly hot; and also the disadvantage attendant on taking the lid from a
hot kettle when the steam or heat from the interior of the same ascends and burns
the hand; for which purpose I alter the ordinary method of manufacture by placing
the orifice for filling at the end of the kettle on the top behind the handle, the
handle being brought well forward towards the spout, and made as short as con-
venient in order to afford as much room as possible for such orifice; this latter I
make either circular, rectangular, or of a curved form so as to conform to the shape
of the kettle. In the lid of such orifice I make a hole for the escape of steam and
prevention of a vacuum forming in the interior of the kettle.
For the protection of the hand from heat I make the upright supporting the
back end of the handle nearest to the orifice for filling much wider than is now
customary, with the object of preventing steam from the orifice, or heat from the
fire, from reaching and heating the handle or burning the hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLE CUTLERY
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Newton Mappin, of Mansion House Buildings, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLE
CUTLERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Newton Mappin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1878.
JOHN NEWTON MAPPIN, of Mansion House Buildings, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TABLE CUTLERY."
This Invention has for its object to improve the means of securing handles to the
tans of the blades of table knives and forks. For this purpose I cut a screw
thread upon a portion of the tang, and in the hole which is bored into the handle
to receive the tang I cut a corresponding screw thread, so that the tang may be
screwed into the hole and thereby retained from being drawn out. The part of the
tang nearest to the shoulder is cylindrical to fit the outer end of the hole in the
handle, whilst other parts of the tang are formed with flats or irregularities on
their surface. To further secure the tang in the handle and prevent it from coming
unscrewed I pour liquid plaster of Paris into the hole in the handle, and then screw
the tang into the hole. When the plaster has set the handle will be firmly secured,
and will withstand the action either of cold or boiling water without any liability
of becoming loose.
By securing the tangs of knife blades or forks in their handles in the manner
above described the unsightly end rivets now commonly used at the end of what
are called "through tangs," or the side rivits called "edge pins," commonly passed
through the sides of the handles, are entirely done away with; the handle also is
not hollowed out so much, and therefore not weakened, as formerly, and the
weighting with lead is rendered unnecessary.
If desired, the tang may be formed without any screw thread upon it and be
secured in the handle by means of plaster of Paris alone.

page_text: to the tang, screwing the end of the tang into the material of which the handle is
composed and applying cement around the tang to lock it fast and prevent it
unscrewing, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Newton Mappin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
JOHN NEWTON MAPPIN. (L.S.)
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Atkin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1878.
ROBERT ATKIN, of 482, King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, Master
Mariner. " 'IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION."
This Invention relates to improved means of and apparatus for aerial navigation,
and consists in constructing a vessel either of thin metal, or, if preferred, with a
framework of thin metal, cane, wood, or other suitable material, covered with
canvas, silk, or other textile material, so as to form a kind of ship capable of being
propelled in the air by means of propeller blades driven by a gas engine, electric
motor, or other suitable driving power.
The shaft carrying the propeller blades may be placed either above, below, or
through the centre of the aerial vessel, or, if preferred, transversely, or it may be
placed in a car attached to the vessel to be navigated.
The shaft may be composed of a hollow tube, through which steam may be caused
to circulate when the vessel is to be used in cold regions, so as to prevent the deposit
of snow or ice, and a consequent increase in the weight of the vessel. Similar hollow
tubes may be placed on the outside of the vessel for the same purpose.
The vessel is steered by means of rudders, which can be worked from within the
vessel, or on the deck of same if preferred.
In the case of a car being attached to the vessel the rudder may be worked from
within the car by steering ropes leading into the car through pullies.
Horizontal rudders may also be used for the purpose of causing the vessel to
ascend or descend as required, and may be worked either from the vessel or from
the car, as in the case of the steering rudders.
Suitable receptacles are provided inside, or on each side of the vessel, in order to
contain either ordinary coal or other gas to work the machine, imparting motion to
the propeller shaft; or in the case when a car is employed the gas container may
be placed beneath the car. The vessel is capable of being transported either by
land or water.
In the accompanying illustration Fig. I. is a side elevation of the apparatus.

page_text: A, B, is the car; C, D, a horizontal rudder; E, F, G, H, propellers moved by the
shafts K, L, & M, N, which are connected with the motive power by the upright
shafts L, R, & N, S; P, Q, is a guiding rudder, and a, b, c, d, the steering rope,
passing over the pulley at b.
car.
Fig. II. is also a side elevation, shewing propellers A', B, C, D', placed in the 5
E, F, G, is a horizontal rudder.
Fig. III. is an end elevation of Fig. I.
Fig. IV. is an end elevation, shewing the vessel with propellers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC AND BOOKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert James Underwood and
Edward Bosher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th
April 1878.
HERBERT JAMES UNDERWOOD and EDWARD BOSHER, of 67, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE
LEAVES OF MUSIC AND BOOKS."
The improvements consist in applying to leaves of music or books a piece of iron
or steel, or a similar metallic surfaced substance, placing and fixing by an elastic
cord or otherwise the music leaves or book so treated on a frame of any suitable
structure, carrying an arm furnished with a magnet, such arm radiating from a
disc or wheel fitted in a box or receptacle attached to the said frame, furnished
with a spring centre and a lever or other equivalent in such manner that a wire or
string fixed to the said lever and attached to a pedal or other similar contrivance
shall, when actuated, cause the arm and its magnet previously placed in contact
with the metallic surface of the first leaf to turn it over and return, and be in
place for the next leaf, and so on.
The various parts may be made of metal or of other suitable materials.
IMPROVED SLIDING DECKS OR FLOATS TO BE USED FOR PREVENTING THE SINKING OR FOUNDERING OF SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Nicol at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1878.
ALEXANDER NICOL, of 40, St. Donatt's Road, Lewisham High Road, Lewisham,
in the County of Kent. "IMPROVED SLIDING DECKS OR FLOATS TO BE USED
FOR PREVENTING THE SINKING OR FOUNDERING OF SHIPS OR OTHER VESSELS."
The Invention consists in an arrangement by which a vessel is enabled to float
where without its application it would sink, as, for instance, after having been run
into by another ship, or by striking upon rocks and damaged by having a hole
driven into her.
The ship is to be provided with a sliding deck, the dimensions of which must be
subject to the size of the vessel, in addition to such as it may already possess. Such
deck is to be so arranged as to pass freely through the sides of the vessel when
required. It is to be divided, one portion to pass through one side, and the
remaining to pass through the opposite side of the vessel.
Portions of another incomplete deck are to pass through both ends of the ship.
The deck, as also an incomplete one, is to be formed of two layers of wood and
one of cork, the latter to be placed between the layers of wood, and to be at least
equal in thickness to both.
The deck is to be made in sections, so that two men or so could push them
out without difficulty.
Every section is to be provided with iron bars, some of which, passing over
wheels whose peripheries are grooved, render its movement less laborious, and
also strengthen it.
On an emergency, when the ship by collision has had a hole driven into her and
is rapidly filling with water, the sections of the deck, as also those of the incomplete
one, are quickly slid out and secured so that they shall not be forced back. As the
vessel becomes heavier by the influx of water, the decks, which as it were forming
a raft and encircling her, will be brought in contact with the water and will offer
such resistance as to prevent it foundering.
The utility of the Invention is such as to render it almost superfluous to point it
out. The saving of precious lives and valuable property it may safely be said will

page_text: be enormous. Owners of ships may send their vessels to sea without any misgivings
as to their safety. Its usefulness is thus put beyond dispute.
With regard to the novelty of the Invention, so far as the inventor is aware, a
deck has never been arranged and used for the purpose herein and previously
described.
The Invention is confined to the aforesaid sliding deck, as also to the incomplete
one arranged in the manner previously described, for preventing ships of any
description sinking.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR 'ČALENDERING' OR PRESSING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horatio Stead at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
HORATIO STEAD, of the Firm of Elkanah Hoyle and Sons, of Halifax, in the
County of York, Machine Makers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS
FOR 'ČALENDERING' OR PRESSING TEXTILE FABRICS."
This Invention consists in the employment of a roller covered with cotton, felt,
or other adhesive or frictional substance in combination with a semicircular press
plate or block, the surface of which is polished and shaped so as to fit closely to
the roller.
The fabric to be pressed is passed between the roller and the plate, and as the
roller turns round it draws the fabric forwards, and at the same time presses it
against the plate, so that the surface in contact with the plate is smoothed and
pressed.
This apparatus is applicable for either hot or cold pressing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Moore, of Cleveland Terrace South, Stockton-on-
Tees, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1878.
THOMAS MOORE, of Cleveland Terrace South, Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in presses.
I arrange the follower of the press to work up and down between standards
which support the head of the press in the usual way. The standards control the
follower laterally, and it receives a parallel movement by means of two struts or
rods connected with it by knuckle joints. There are three such joints, one of the
struts being made with two knuckle ends, thus the pressure is communicated to the
follower at three points suitably disposed to prevent the follower tipping or canting.
The upper ends of the struts are jointed each to a toothed arc mounted upon an axis
carried upon the press head. The axes of the arcs are horizontal and parallel the
one to the other. Above these axes and at right angles to them there is another
horizontal axis on which are two screws or worms right and left handed. One
worm gears with each toothed arc, and the arrangement is such that when by
rotating the axis carrying the worms the arcs are caused partially to rotate, the
struts which are jointed to the arcs at a distance from their axes are raised and
lowered, carrying with them the follower of the press. The full power of the press
is brought into play as the follower comes to its lowest position, the struts are then
Prins d

page_text: nearly vertical and the joints connecting the struts with the toothed arcs are also
vertically beneath the axes of the arcs or nearly so.
When necessary multiplying gear is applied to the axis of the worms and is used
in applying the pressure, whilst to raise the follower rapidly the power is applied
directly to the axis of the worms.
I in some cases vary the arrangement by making the toothed arcs to gear together,
at the same time applying a pinion to gear with one of them. On the axis of the
pinion there is also a worm wheel, and motion is given to this wheel and so also to
the follower of the press by means of a worm gearing into the wheel The worm
may be worked directly by a handle on its axis or in other convenient manner.
NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF PLACING OR FIXING RUDDERS FOR STEERING VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Thomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1878.
"A
LUKE THOMAS, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF PLACING OR FIXING RUDDERS FOR STEERING
VESSELS."
The object of my Invention is to obtain greater power and useful effect in the
steering of vessels so as to enable them more quickly to answer their helm.
I attain this in the following manner, and it is in this that my Invention mainly
consists-Instead of operating or effecting the movement of the rudder by means of a
vertical shaft or one at right angles to the keel, as at present, I so arrange or place
the rudder that it may be operated by a shaft placed obliquely or at an angle to the
keel, the angular direction of the shaft being such that it inclines forward. Although
I do not confine myself strictly thereto, I prefer such angle to be about forty-five
degrees. In this manner the rudder blade is caused to press laterally and vertically
against the water, and so as to act upon the water at the most effective angle at the
line of motion, and expose and utilise the greatest amount of effective surface.
The oblique or angular shaft is rotated by any suitable connection between the
steering wheel arrangement or other means of moving the rudder and the rudder
itself, such for example, as bevel or other gearing.
I propose applying my Invention to all descriptions of rudders, but I prefer to
make my rudders of a circular, or elliptical, or pear shape, the greatest surface being
on the upper and after part of the rudder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF WATER
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Douglas George Eastmure, of 72, Spencer Road, Kentish
Town, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF WATER."
Sealed the 30th July 1878, and dated the 1st February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Douglas George Eastmure
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1878.
DOUGLAS GEORGE EASTMURE, of 72, Spencer Road, Kentish Town, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF
WATER."
This Invention relates to certain arrangements whereby the flow of water is
opened or shut off by the action of a lever (working on an ordinary loose or drop
valve in the bore of the body) formed with an eccentric or cam. At one end with an
ordinary ball or float attached on the cam end is a casting which drilled through
forms a box, and works in the drip or nozzle of the body on an axle shutting off
against the pressure of the water. The drip or nozzle of the body must have holes
drilled opposite each other to receive and form a bearing for the axle.
The axle upon which the lever works is an ordinary pin or bolt, which may be
fastened at either or both ends with a screw, or rivited.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Douglas George Eastmure in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st July 1878.
DOUGLAS GEORGE EASTMURE, of 72, Spencer Road, Kentish Town, in the County
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF
of Middlesex.
WATER."
My Invention relates to certain arrangements whereby the flow of water is
gradually shut off or opened by the action of an eccentric or cam formed on the end
of a lever (to which an ordinary ball or float is attached) working on an ordinary
loose or drop valve in the bore of the body. On the cam end is a casting which
being drilled through forms a box or collar, and works in the drip of the body. on
an axle or pin shutting off against the pressure of the water. The drip must have
holes drilled opposite each other to receive and form a bearing for the axle, which
may be fastened at either or both ends with a screw or rivetted.
The axle upon which the lever works is an ordinary pin or bolt.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the mode of
carrying the same into operation, I wish it to be understood that what I consider
novel and original and therefore claim as constituting the Invention secured to me
by the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the axle passing through
the box or collar, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof I, the said Douglas George Eastmure, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this 31st day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
D. G. EASTMURE. (L.S.)
A NEW AND IMPROVED BOX OR RECEPTACLE TO BE APPLIED TO UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, PARASOLS, WHIPS, BICYCLE HANDLES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES FOR HOLDING AND CONTAINING MATCHES, FUSEES, PIPE AND CIGAR LIGHTS, AND SUCH LIKE USEFUL. PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Henry Holding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd January 1878.
NATHANIEL HENRY HOLDING, of 31, Gloucester Street, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer. "A NEW AND IMPROVED BOX OR RECEPTACLE TO
BE APPLIED TO UMBRELLAS, WALKING STICKS, PARASOLS, WHIPS, BICYCLE HANDLES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES FOR HOLDING AND CONTAINING MATCHES, FUSEES,
PIPE AND CIGAR LIGHTS, AND SUCH LIKE USEFUL. PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in the application of a box or receptacle to contain
matches, fusees, pipe and cigar lights, and such like purposes to umbrellas, walking
sticks, parasols, whips, bicycle handles, and other like articles.
To carry out my Invention, I bore a hole in the stick or handle sufficiently large
to admit of a metallic, wood, cardboard, or other tubular or other conveniently
shaped box, closed at each end, and with an aperture in the side to admit of the
matches, fusees or other lights being easily extracted, at the same time being
kept from falling out by means of a shield working inside the box with a spring, a
slot being cut in the shield to admit of one light being extracted at one time, or by
moving the shield the whole contents of the box may be removed at once.
At the outside bottom end I place a steel or other spring, and at the top end I
fix a catch or check spring; on forcing this catch or check spring the spring at the
bottom end forces the box out; by pressing the box back the catch or check spring
holds it firmly in its place.
I place guide pins, one on either side, these working in slots in the box keep the
box from turning round, and at the same time act as a stop to prevent the box
coming quite out.
There are other ways by which this can be done, for instance, a steel or other
spring fixed firmly to the bottom end of the box and fastened at the other end at
the bottom of the hole with a catch at the top; by drawing out the box the catch
holds it out until the light is extracted, by forcing the catch the spring at the end
draws in and firmly holds the box. Or by placing a steel or other spring at the
side of the box it can be drawn out and forced back at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR VENTILATING SHIPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Nevill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1878.
RICHARD NEVILL, of the Wern Iron Works, Llanelly, in the County of Caer-
marthen, South Wales. IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR VENTILATING SHIPS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in means for ventilating ships.
For this purpose I fix on the inside of the skin of the ship below the water line
a tube or water-way, each end of which communicates with an opening formed in
the side of the ship, so that in the progress of the ship or when the latter is subject
to a favourable tide or current, the water shall enter one end of such tube or water-
way, and flow out at the other. At any convenient point intermediate of the two
ends of the tube or water-way, and communicating therewith, is a water wheel or
turbine of any convenient construction, and the shaft or axis of such water wheel
or turbine is carried beyond the case of the latter through a suitable stuffing box.
This shaft or axis by suitable gearing gives motion to a fan or ventilator of any
convenient construction, which is preferably arranged to exhaust the foul air from
the ship, but if desired it may be so arranged as to force fresh air into the ship.
For convenience when in dock or becalmed, or when anchored in a non tidal or
still water-way, I provide steam or other power to work the fan or ventilator, at
which time I dis-connect the latter from the water wheel or turbine.
The tube or water-way is placed in the fore part of the ship, and at a sufficient
depth to ensure the action of the fan or ventilator, whether the ship is laden_or
empty.
MENTS IN FIREARMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Collard Augustus Drake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1878.
COLLARD AUGUSTUS DRAKE, of No. 3, Bedford Square, Gentleman.
MENTS IN FIREARMS."
" IMPROVE-
The objects on my Invention is to secure or lock the hammer of the gun when
not at the shoulder, the ordinary firing position, so as to avoid an accidental
discharge.
When the butt of the gun is placed to the shoulder, the hammer is relieved by
the pressure. This is effected by a rod passing from the butt end to the lock,
which is put in action by the pressure against the shoulder so releasing the
hammer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR CLEANING WINDOWS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Redfern at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Elias Palmer Hall, of Chicago, in the County of Cook,
and State of Illinois, United States of America.
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR CLEANING WINDOWS." [A communication from abroad by Elias Palmer
Hall, of Chicago, in the County of Cook, and State of Illinois, United States of
America.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to improvements in apparatus for
cleaning windows, and consists of certain parts constructed and arranged as herein-
after described.
The improved apparatus consists of a handle secured centrally upon a wooden or
other suitable piece, to which the cleansing parts are attached. This piece is pre-
ferably thicker at the front than at the rear to give greater strength at the point
where the cleaning parts are secured, and where the greatest strain will be exerted
upon it in use. Its under side is rabbetted with an inclined rabbet to receive a
straight-edged rubber strip, which is secured by a strip of suitable light material
turned at its edges, and screws passed through the strip into the herein-before
described wood piece. The rubber is thus compressed with sufficient firmness to
hold it in place under all the conditions and uses to which the apparatus is intended
to be applied.
The ends of the rubber strip are cut concave, and the corners thereof project
somewhat beyond the rigid parts of the apparatus. The object in giving the
rubber these two features is the following:-By the projecting corners the cleaning
of angles in the windows is much facilitated, as they enter all such parts of the
windows where perhaps the apparatus as a whole could not be used. They are
also useful in passing over those parts of the glass immediately adjoining the
frames, as will be obvious. By hollowing out the ends the corners are made
pointed, and therefore more flexible than they would be were the ends square. The

page_text: longitudinal corner of the rubber is the part which comes against the glass in use,
and it should preferably be a sharp right-angled corner. This construction permits
the rubber to be reversed both as to sides and as to edges by simply loosening the
screws, and the rubbing edge can therefore be renewed from time to time by simply
turning the strip over, three renewals being thus permitted. At the back of the
rubber strip is a re-enforcing or stiffening strip, also of rubber. This latter strip is
secured by its edge being placed in a groove in the holder.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SALIVA, THE DRIP FROM UMBRELLAS, AND OTHER MATTER IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, ROOMS, AND SHIP CABINS, ALSO FOR VENTI- LATING THE SAME."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1878.
"
JAMES ADAMS, of Perry Barr, in the County of Stafford. IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR THE REMOVAL OF SALIVA, THE DRIP FROM UMBRELLAS, AND OTHER MATTER
IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, ROOMS, AND SHIP CABINS, ALSO FOR VENTI-
LATING THE SAME."
A bowl-shaped pan (Figure 1) about eight inches wide by two and a quarter
inches deep, with lugs projecting from the outside A, A, A, and a perforated top
(Figure 2) either perfectly flat, or slightly hollowed to facilitate the flow of saliva,
&c., into the pan.
It is intended for the whole apparatus to be let into the floor flush with surface.
The lugs on the pan are intended for fixing the same with screws to the floor
a, a, a, and are likewise employed in securing the top to the pan; this is done by
dogs b, b, b, to the top of the apparatus near to the outer edge, and projecting
beneath, so that when the top is turned from left to right the dogs clutch the lugs
(Figure 3). A lock c, c, that may be worked by an ordinary carriage door key is
fixed to the top in such a manner that when the key is applied and turned half
round from right to left, a bar (c, Figure 4) is projected against a stud d on the side
of the pan; this effectually secures the top, and yet forms a ready means of removing
the same for the purpose of cleansing.
At the bottom of the pan and near the centre are holes e, e, used either for
drainage or ventilation, which I regulate by means of a shaft (k, Figure 1) running
through the centre from beneath the bottom of the pan to the surface of the top.
On this shaft at the bottom of the pan I fix discs (g, g, Figure 1), and see Figure 5,
so that when the shaft containing a square hole at the top (h, Figure 1), and (h,
Figure 2) adapted to the before-mentioned key) is turned to the right or left the
drainage or ventilation is thereby regulated.
In smoke rooms, ships, and other places I attach pipes to the bottom of the
apparatus to convey the saliva and water used in cleansing clear away, or when this
D

page_text: would be difficult to arrange, a bucket or other receptacle may be suspended imme-
diately beneath the apparatus, and removed at pleasure.
The design or perforation of the top may be varied; for instance, initials,
monograms, or other devices. The shape of the bowl may likewise be varied (not
altering the principal) so as to adapt it to various positions, as I do not confine the
apparatus to floors alone.