Improvements in the Manufacture of Horse Shoes, and in Machinery or Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 9th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 18th Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Horse Shoes, and in Machinery
or Apparatus therefor.
We, WILLIAM INCH, Superintendent at the Works of The United Horse Shoe
and Nail Company, Limited, Cubitt Town, London, and JOHAN EMIL OLSSON,
Engineer at the same works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to that part of the process of manufacturing horse shoes
by machinery which consists in beuding the bar of iron to the proper shape to form
the shoe.
Heretofore the general practice has been to cut the rolled bar, from which the
shoes are to be made, into pieces each of a length sufficient to make one shoe, then
to re-heat these pieces to a red heat and to bend them separately while so heated to
the proper form in a suitable bending machine. This process involves not only the
re-heating of the pieces of bar, as above described, but repeated handling of such
pieces, whereby much time is lost and considerable expense incurred. The object
of our invention is to avoid cutting the bar into separate pieces before bending, and
the bending of each piece separately, also, if and when desired, the re-heating
process.
For these purposes we take the bar as it comes from the forge rolls and,
preferably, before it has had time to cool materially, and we coil it up into an oval
shaped helical coil approximating more or less closely to the form of two horse shoes
placed with their heel parts together, and we press inwards the sides of the coil so
as to give the proper curvature to the parts thereof that are to form the back parts
of the shoes, and we then cut the coil across at or about the middle of its major
diameter, and we thereby obtain, at practically one operation, twice as many shoes
as there are convolutions in the coil, and these shoes, being still in a hot state, can
be taken direct to the press to be flattened and otherwise finished to the exact shape
required without being re-heated.
The winding up of the bar into the coil form, the pressing in of the sides of the
coil to form the curved back parts of the shoes, and the cutting of the coil across to
separate the shoes, may be effected by any suitable devices; but we prefer to
employ machinery of the following character:-
A revolving mandril roller is provided of a cross section corresponding to the
shape of the coil to be produced and the bar is wound up helically on this roller
with the convolutions of the helix lying preferably close together. The mandril
roller may be curved inwards at the sides to correspond with the inward curvature
of the back parts of the intended horse shoes, and the sides of the coil may be forced
into these curved sides of the roller either by suitable dies brought into action after
the coiling up of the bar has been completed, or by a suitably shaped roller
co-operating with the mandril roller as the latter revolves, so as to press inwards
the sides of the convolutions of the coil as they are wound on to the mandril roller.
When the coil is completed and its sides have been pressed inwards as above
described, the said sides are cut partly or wholly through by means of chisel-edged
cutters operated in any suitable way, for example they may be mounted on the
aforesaid dies or on the roller co-operating with the mandril roller, so that the said
sides of the coil are cut through, or partly through, at the same time as they are
bent inwards. Or the said cutting operation may be effected after the coil has been
removed from the mandril roller, and instead of chisel-edged cutters, saws or other

page_text: •
suitable devices may be employed to sever the convolutions of the coil into two
parts.
We do not confine ourselves to forming the coil of an oval shape in the first
instance as it may, if preferred, be formed on a circular or other suitably shaped
mandril, and be then pressed into the shape corresponding to two horse shoes joined
together at their heel parts. Furthermore instead of the bar being taken direct
from the forge rolls and coiled up at once before it gets cold, as above described, it
may be allowed to cool & be stored away for future use in the usual way, and in
that case when required to be made into shoes it is re-heated and then treated as
above described.
Dand thin oth J
1005
Improvements in the Manufacture of Horse Shoes, and in Machinery
or Apparatus therefor.
We, WILLIAM INCH, Superintendent at the Works of The United Horse Shoe
and Nail Company, Limited, Cubitt Town, London, and JOHAN EMIL OLSSON,
Engineer at the same works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to that part of the process of manufacturing horse-shoes by
machinery which consists in bending the bar of iron to the proper shape to form the
shoc.
Heretofore the general practice has been to cut the rolled bar, from which the
shoes are to be made, into pieces each of a length sufficient to make one shoe; then
to re-heat these pieces to a red heat, and to bend them separately, while so heated,
to the proper form in a suitable bending machine. This process involves not only
the reheating of the pieces of bar, as above described, but repeated handling of
such pieces, whereby much time is lost and considerable expense incurred. The
object of our invention is to avoid cutting the bar into separate pieces before
bending, and consequently the bending of each piece separately, also, if and when
desired, the reheating process.
For these purposes we take the bar as it comes from the forge rolls and,
preferably before it has had time to cool materially, we coil it up into an oval
shaped helical coil approximating more or less closely to the form of two horse-
shoes placed with their heel parts together; we then press inwards the sides of the
coil so as to give the proper curvature to the parts thereof that are to form the back
portions of the shoes; and we then cut the coil across at or about the middle of its
major diameter; thereby obtaining, at practically one operation, twice as many
shoes as there are convolutions in the coil. These shoes, being still in a hot state,
can be taken direct to the press to be flattened, and then be otherwise finished to
the exact shape required without being reheated.
The winding-up of the bar into the coil form, the pressing-in of the sides of the
coil to form the curved back portions of the shoes, and the cutting of the coil
across to separate the shoes, may be effected by any suitable machinery such as
that shown by way of example in the accompanying two sheets of drawings, in
which
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 a plan of a machine arranged to
perform the three operations above mentioned.

page_text: Figure 3 is a sectional elevation taken on line X-X of Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a partial sectional plan taken on the line Y-Y of Figures 1 and 3.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of the roller-mandril on which the bar is
coiled, and
Figure 6 is a sectional plan taken on line Z-Z of Figure 5.
Figures 5 and 6 are drawn to a larger scale than Figures 1 to 4.
1 is a strong cast-iron bed plate or frame on which is supported, by means of
columns 2, 2 or otherwise, an entablature 3 and a frame 4, and in suitable bearings
provided in the said entablature and frame is a vertical shaft 5 adapted to rotate in
the said bearings and to slide vertically therein as and for the purpose hereinafter
described. At the lower end of this shaft is secured a roller-mandril 6, the
horizontal section of which corresponds to the shape of the coil to be produced, as
shown in Figures 4 and 6, that is to say having its ends curved to correspond to
the curvature of the inside of the front of the shoes to be made, and its sides curved
inwards to correspond to the inward curvature of the back portions of the intended
shoes. 7, 7 are sliding dies shaped to correspond to the sides of the roller-mandril
and adapted to force the sides of the coil of bar wound on the roller-mandril into
the hollow curved sides of the latter, in order to impart the proper horse-shoe shape
to each of the convolutions of the coil. The roller-mandril 6 and the sliding
dies 7, 7 are provided with cutters 8, 8 and 9, 9 respectively whereby the sides of
the coil are cut through at the same time that they are pressed inwards to form the
rear curves of the shoes.
The sliding dies 7, 7 are formed with or connected to slide blocks 10,10 which
slide in guides 11, 11 provided on the bedplate 1 of the machine. The slide
blocks 10 are pin-jointed to eccentric rods 12 secured adjustably in long sockets 13
of the eccentric straps 14, which take on to eccentric sheaves 15 fixed on the cross
shafts 16. These shafts receive motion from the countershafts 17 by means of spur
gearing 18, 19. It will be seen that there are two sliding dies 7, 7 one on each
side of the roller mandril 6, each operated by its own pair of eccentrics 15, and
both caused to move simultaneously to and from the said roller-mandril by means
of the side shaft 20 and bevil gearing 21, 22 which connect the two countershafts 17
together. One of these countershafts is provided with fast and loose pulleys 23 by
means of which the sliding dies may be operated or stopped at pleasure, and one or
both of the said countershafts may be provided with a flywheel 24.
The pressure exerted by the dies 7 on the sides of the coil can be regulated as
may be required by adjusting the position of the lock-nuts 12" on the screwed
eccentric rods 12. These nuts transmit the pressure of the eccentrics to the
connecting rods 12 and dies 7 in the direction towards the roller-mandril 6, and
the set-screws 12b lock the said eccentric rods 12 and sockets 13 together so as to
enable them to draw the dies 7 back in the opposite direction.
The vertical shaft 5 with the roller mandril 6 mounted thereon is operated as
follows: Rotatory motion is imparted to it when the coil is to be wound up on the
roller-mandril by bevil gearing 25, 26 and a countershaft 27 to which motion is
transmitted by a belt acting on fast and loose pulleys 28, or by other suitable
means, so that the shaft 5 can be rotated or stopped independently of the rest of
the machine. In winding the bar on to the roller-mandril the coils are liable to
become slightly separated instead of lying close together. To force them to close
together before the pressing dies 7 are applied, the shaft 5 with the roller-mandril 6
and the coil are lifted up, and then allowed to fall so as to strike the lower end of
the coil against the upper surface of the bed-plate 1, and thus hammer the coils
together. This is effected in the machine illustrated, by the following means:-
The upper end of the shaft 5 is provided with a collar 29 adapted to be
acted upon by tappets 30 mounted on a shaft 31 turning in bearings on
brackets 32 mounted on the entablature 3, and driven by bevil gearing 33, 34,
vertical shaft 35 and bevil gearing 36, 37 from the side shaft 20, or, if
preferred, the tappet shaft 31 may be driven by belting or gearing independent
of the rest of the machine. The tappets 30 are loose on the shaft 31 but

page_text: can be connected therewith by a sliding clutch 38. When the shaft 5 is not
required to be lifted to hammer the coil, as above described, the clutch 38 is
drawn out of gear with the tappets 30, and they remain inoperative notwith-
standing that the shaft 31 continues to revolve; but when the shaft 5 is to he
lifted the clutch 38 is put in gear with the tappets 30 and the latter then
revolve with the shaft 31 in the direction of the arrow, and raise the shaft 5,
roller mandril 6, and coil on the latter by the collar 29 until the points of the said
tappets pass clear of the said collar and the shaft, roller-mandril, and coil fall by
their own weight, and strike the lower end of the coil against the bed-plate 1 as
before explained; and this hanmering of the coil may be repeated as often as may
be required to bring all the convolutions of the coil into close contact. It will be
understood that to enable the shaft 5 to slide vertically through the bevil wheel 26
from which it receives its rotatory motion the said bevil wheel is fitted loosely on
the said shaft 5, but is provided with a feather which takes into a groove 39 in
the shafts.
It is obvious that provision must be made for supporting the weight of the
shaft 5 and roller-mandril while the bar is being wound on to the latter; but
inasmuch as the said shaft and roller-mandril descend lower when hammering the
convolutions of the coil together than when winding on the coil, means must also
be provided for lowering the support when the hammering is to be effected, so that
it shall not prevent the free descent of the shaft and roller-mandril. For this
purpose the upper bearing 40 of the shaft 5 on the upper surface of which the
collar bearing 41 of the shaft rests when the latter is being rotated or is
stationary, is adapted to slide vertically in its seating in the entablature 3, and
rests by its flanges on the upper edges of a forked sliding wedge 42, which
bears by its lower edges on the entablature. This wedge can be moved in or
out by means of a tail screw 43 and hand wheel 44. By forcing the wedge
forwards the bearing 40 is raised and the shaft 5 is supported by its collar
bearing 41 at a suitable height for winding the bar on to the roller-mandril, and
by drawing back the wedge the bearing 40 is lowered so that when the shaft 5 falls
its collar bearing 41 does not come in contact with the upper surface of the
bearing 40.
In order that the roller-mandril 6 may have room in which to turn when winding
on the bar, and in which to effect the hammering of the coil, when such is required,
the pressing dies 7 must remain stationary in their outermost position while such
winding on of the bar is being effected; but when, as the machine illustrated in the
drawings, the lifting gear of the shaft 5 is driven from the side shaft 20, and this
latter from the countershaft 17 it is necessary to provide means for disconnecting
both countershafts 17 from the eccentric shafts 16 while the coil hammering process
is being effected, and for this purpose the pinions 18 may be disconnected from the
said shafts by the sliding clutches 45, so that the shafts 17 can evolve to drive
the tappet shaft 31 without giving motion to the dies 7. In order to hold the dies
securely in their outermost position while the winding on of the bar is being effected,
and also to prevent the countershafts 17 from being started accidentally after
having been brought to rest, a suitable brake strap or block may be applied to the
brake sheave 46, or to the rim of the fly wheel 24.
The roller-mandril may be constructed as shewn in Figures 5 and 6, namely of
two parts 6 and 6B each of which is shaped to the inner curve of the horse-
shoe to be made, and both of which are secured by bolts or otherwise to a flange
plate 47, which in its turn is secured to the boss 48 keyed on to the lower end
of the shaft 5. Steel cutters 8, 8, are secured, by dove-tails or otherwise, into
the parts 6 and 6B, and cutters 9, 9 corresponding to these cutters 8, 8, are fixed
by dovetails or otherwise into the dies 7.
It will now be understood that the red-hot bar of iron 49 intended to form the
horse-shoes being bent at one end and hooked into a suitable recess or notch 50 in
the flange plate 47, or into the roller-mandril, and the shaft 5 being set in
rotatory motiou, the said bar will be wound up on the roller-mandril, as shown by

page_text: dotted lines in Figure 5, into an oval helical coil. The shaft 5 is then stopped,
and if the convolutions of the coil require to be closed together the said shaft is.
stopped in such position that the roller-mandril 6 stands with its longer diameter.
across the opening 51 in the bed plate 1. The tappet 30 is then connected with
the tappet shaft 31 by its clutch, and the shaft 5, roller-mandril 6, and the.
completed coil on the latter are raised by the tappet 30, and allowed to fall as
often as may be necessary. The tappet 30 is then disengaged from its shaft 31,
and the roller-mandril 6 is placed with its sides facing the sliding dies 7, as shown
in Figure 4. The clutches 45 are then put into gear with the pinions 18, the
countershafts 17 are set in motion and the sliding dies 7 are thereby moved.
towards each other, and press the sides of the coil inwards into the hollow
sides of the roller-mandril. The cutters 9 on the dies 7 act in conjunction
with the cutters 8 on the roller-mandril, and cut through the sides of all the
convolutions of the coil, the further pressure of the dies forces the ends that
have been cut through to assume the proper rounded form, the dies and the backs.
of the cutters in the dies and roller-mandril being so shaped as to impart that form..
The dies 7 are then drawn back and the horse shoes thus bent are stripped off the
roller-mandril by any suitable stripping gear, and they fall through the opening 51
in the bed plate 1.
It will be understood that the clutches 45 are provided with suitable gear, not
shown in the drawings, by which they can both be put into or out of gear with the
pinions 18 simultaneously, in order to assure the two eccentric shafts 16 being
geared with the countershafts 17 in such manner that the dies 7 always maintain
their proper positions relative to each other and the roller-mandril.
The red-hot bar 49 may be guided to the roller-mandril by any suitable guiding
device, for example it may be passed between a pair of guide rollers 52 (see
Figure 3) to which a gradually descending motion is imparted, as the bar 49 is.
wound on to the roller-mandril, to ensure that each successive convolution of the
coiled bar shall take its proper place on the roller mandril.
The horse-shoes are then pressed flat in a suitable flattening press, without
reheating if they are still hot enough when they leave the roller mandril, or are-
reheated before being pressed. They are then punched and otherwise finished in
the usual way.
If preferred the cutters in the roller-mandril and in the dies may be omitted, the-
bar being wound on the roller-mandril and the oval coil so produced pressed
inwards at the sides by the dies 7, then the entire coil may be stripped off the
roller-mandril, and be subsequently cut in two by saws or otherwise.
We do not confine ourselves to forming the coil of an oval shape in the first
instance, as it may, if preferred, be formed on a circular or other suitably shaped
mandril, then pressed into the shape corresponding to two horse-shoes joined
together at their heel parts, and finally cut through as before described.
Furthermore instead of the bar being taken direct from the forge rolls and coiled
up at once before it gets cold, as above described, it may be allowed to cool and be-
stored away for future use in the usual way, and in that case when required to be
made into shoes it is reheated and then treated as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
First. The process for forming horse-shoes, which consists in winding the bar of
metal intended to form the shoes, into a coil, pressing the same into the shape of
two horse-shoes placed with their heel parts together, and cutting the coil through
at both sides, so as to divide each convolution into two parts each forming a horse-
shoe, substantially as described.
Second. Machinery for carrying into effect the process herein described for
forming horse-shoes, which consists of a rotatory mandril for winding the bar of
metal into coil form, pressing mechanism for forcing inwards the sides of the coil,.

page_text: while the same is in position on the mandril, in order to give the proper curvature
to the back portions of the shoes, and cutting mechanism for severing the
convolutions of the coil into two parts, substantially as described.
Third. In a machine for forming borse-shoes by winding the bar of metal into
coil form on a mandril, so arranging and adapting the said mandril that it can
be raised and allowed to fall with the coil on it so as to hammer or force
together the convolutions of the said coil, substantially as described.
Fourth. In a machine for forming horse-shoes by winding the bar of metal into
coil form, a rotatory mandril on which the coil is wound, and pressing dies
arranged to act on the coil at both sides of the mandril, combined and operating
substantially as described.
Fifth. Machinery for forming horse-shoes, constructed and operating substantially
as described.
W. INCH,
J. E. OLSSON,
Per W. H. Beck,
115 Cannon Street, London, Agent.