Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 19th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 21st June, 1887.
I, THOMAS THORP of Whitefield in the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to flat flame non-regenerative gas lighting in which a
number of burners are arranged radially and at an angle with the vertical; & their
objects are (1) to obtain a steady economical light and (2) to prevent the formation of
deposit on the reflective surface above the flames.
In carrying out my Invention I preferably arrange a number of burners radially &
at about an angle of forty five (45°) degrees with the vertical, in such a manner that
the flames from them are horizontal in cross section, leaving enough space between
them to admit of sufficient air to the upper surfaces of the flames & so that the tips of
the flames do not touch each other.
Above & extending for a minimum distance outwards of about one inch from the
extreme tips of the flames when of their normal size I place an inverted dish or cone
of metal or other suitable substance, enamelled or otherwise treated so as to reflect as
much light as possible. This cone is not pierced as in the ordinary forms, known as
sunlights, to carry away the products of combustion, but on the contrary it acts as a
baffle plate to prevent the uprush of air to the flames, that obtains in the ordinary
forms in which case burners delivering gas at a considerable pressure are necessary to
obtain a steady flame by neutralizing to some extent the uprush of air, thus causing
as is well known a great loss of light.
The products of combustion according to my Invention pass from the flames in a
nearly horizontal direction, outward & under the edge of the cone & so give form to
the flames to some extent as well as the uprush of air being prevented. I am thus
enabled to use burners passing gas at a much lower & more economical pressure & at
the same time to obtain a very steady light & as the flames are in such close proximity
to the cone, the great heat prevents the formation of sooty deposit upon the cone & in
case a deposit is formed upon first lighting it soon disappears & the reflective surface
remains unimpaired. It is not absolutely necessary that the burners be arranged radially
or that the cone should be circular as it is quite clear that the cone may be of such a
form as to have three or more sides & the burners arranged parallel or otherwise to
theso sides.

page_text: Improvements in Non-regenerative Gas Lighting.
I THOMAS THORP of Whitefield in the county of Lancaster Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
These improvements relate to flat flame non-regenerative gas-lighting in which a
number of burners are arranged radially at an angle with the vertical; & their objects
are (1) to obtain a steady economical light & (2) to prevent the formation of deposit
on the reflective surface above the flames.
In carrying out my Invention I preferably arrange a number of burners radially &
at about an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical in such a manner that the flames
from them are horizontal in cross section, leaving enough space between them to admit
of sufficient air to the upper surface of the flames & so that their tips do not touch
each other.
Above and extending for a maximum distance, outwards, of about one inch from
the extreme tips of the flames when of their normal size, I place in any convenient
manner an inverted dish or cone of metal or other suitable substance enamelled or
otherwise trented so as to reflect as much light as possible. This cone is not pierced
at the top for carrying away the products of combustion as in the ordinary forms
known as sunlights, in which case burners delivering gas at a considerable pressure
are necessary, by noutralising to some extent, the upward current, to obtain a steady
light; but on the contrary, it is practically closed and the products of combustion
have to pass from the flames in a nearly horizontal direction outward & under the edge
of cone, so that there is no greater uprush of air than is necessary for the complete
combustion of the gas when the flames are burning of their normal size.
I am thus enabled to use burners delivering the gas at a much lower &, as is well
known a more economical pressure, and at the same time the light from them is
perfectly steady, by reason of the current of air, being parallel with the escaping gas
& by its being confined to some extent near the tips of the flames. And, as the flames
are in such close proximity to the cone, the great heat of the confined & uncombined
air prevents the formation of sooty deposit upon the reflective surface of the cone &
in case a deposit is formed upon first lighting or other cause, it soon disappears & the
reflective surface remains unimpaired.
At the same time the products of combustion arising from the flames having to pass
under the edge of the cone become mixed to some extent with the outer air & so their
temperature is reduced & the risk from fire quite obviated whilst still affording sufficient
heat to ensure an upward current in the usual ventilating appliances.
It is not absolutely necessary that the burners be arranged radially or that the cone
should be circular as it is quite clear that the cone may be of such a form as to have
3 or more sides & the burners arranged parallel or in any other suitable way with its
sides so that the proportions herein described are maintained.

page_text: It is also obvious that the burners can be applied equally well to both pendants &
pillars. And, in order that my Invention may be fully understood & readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the accompanying sheet of drawings reference
being had to the figures and letters thereon marked. Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation
& Fig. 2. is a plan, looking up, of my Invention as applied to a pendant of 8 jets
or burners.
A is the gas supply pipe, B. B. the burners or jets & C the Cone enamelled or
otherwise suitably whitened on its under side.
Similar letters are used to denote the similar parts in both the views.
When the gas has been lighted & the flames are of their normal size, they assume
the form & direction shown on the drawings, the arrows showing the direction of the
air currents & the products of combustion, the distance of about one inch being found
the most satisfactory for the tips of the flames to be from the edge of the cone. When
the gas is burning under the conditions herein described, the illuminating power over
that obtained from ordinary sunlights is greatly increased & is about double that
obtained from the same burners without the use of the cone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
A Gas-Lighting Apparatus in which the gas is caused to issue at a low pressure
from burners radially or otherwise suitably arranged at an angle of about 45 degrees,
so that the tips of the flames when burning their normal quantity are about one inch
from the edge and under a cone enamelled or with an otherwise highly reflective
interior substantially as & for the purposes shown on the accompanying sheet of
drawings & herein described.