IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR Crushing, GrinDING, OR PULVERIZING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sunderland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1876.
HENRY SUNDERLAND, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Woollen Draper.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR Crushing, GrinDING, OR PULVERIZING."
My said Invention consists in constructing and combining, or arranging in the
manner herein-after described, the parts of machinery for crushing, grinding, or
pulverizing. I mount a strong roll upon a horizontal axis, the ends of the axis
working in strong fixed or slightly yielding bearings.
The figure of the roll may be truly cylindrical, or there may be parallel
corrugations on its cylindrical surface, either at right angles to the axis or parallel
thereto. Rotatory motion is given to this roll through a pulley on one end of its
axis, or by any other gearing connecting the axis with a steam engine or other
prime mover. On one side of the roll is a strong fixed block, that face of the said
block presented to the roll being concave, its curvature being of somewhat longer
radius than the radius of the roll. This block is fixed with its curved face eccentric
to the roll, its lowest part being nearly in contact with the roll, while its upper face
is situated at a considerable distance from it; this concave fixed surface may either
be plain or corrugated. Or instead of the fixed concave block described a rocking
or moveable block may be used. The said rocking or moveable block is connected
to the fixed base of the machine by means of an axis situated near the roll, and at
about the same level as the lowest part of the roll. The said rocking block is for
the most part situated above the axis on which it turns, but also extends below the
said axis. The said rocking block tends to preserve its normal position by its own
weight, but is capable of yielding slightly by moving on its axis when an excessive
pressure of the matter under treatment unduly strains the lower part of the block.
Either the fixed block or the moveable block may be made in one piece, or of
several similar pieces, situated closely side by side.
The matter to be crushed, ground, or pulverized, is introduced between the fixed
surface and the roll, and by the rotation of the latter is carried forward between the
inclined surfaces of the rotating roll and the fixed or rocking block. The said
matter is thereby ground, crushed, or pulverized, and falls from the machine at the
under side of the roll.
Where the matter to be operated upon is in large pieces and has to be reduced to
a fine powder, I prefer to operate upon it two or three times, in order to produce

page_text: the required degree of fineness. The roll and blocks are capable of adjustment, so
as to enable the machine to grind coarse or fine; but where a substance has to be
reduced to a very fine powder I prefer to employ two or three different machines
set to grind two different finenesses.
My Invention is particularly applicable to the crushing, grinding, and pulverizing a
of mineral and other hard substances, but may also be applied to the crushing,
grinding, and pulverizing of other substances.