IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING BONES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1852

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kenyon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th December 1852.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, HENRY KENYON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Bone
Grinder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING BONES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES"
to be as follows:-
The use of rollers or cylinders, with slots or grooves cut into
and across their circular face, in a diagonal or spiral direction, for
the insertion of cutters or teeth (which may be kept in their places
by screws or plates at the ends of the roller, or in any other con-
venient manner, that the teeth may be taken out for sharpening or
renewing,. in the event of breakage). These rollers may be formed
either in one or more pieces. A good cylinder can be made by a
series of discs (with slots or grooves cut into the edges thereof, to
receive the teeth or cutters), by placing them upon a shaft or axle,
side by side, until they form a roller of the required width; and the
arrangements of the several parts, as hereafter described, as applied
to these rollers, to form cutting or grinding machines.

page_text: When only one of these rollers or cylinders is to be used, it is
fixed upon an axle or driving shaft, and mounted upon suitable
pedestals or bearings, upon which they revolve, the motive power
being communicated to the shaft or axle. Across the front of the
cutting or grinding face of the cylinder there is placed a cutting (or
bed) plate, to prevent the substances to be operated upon passing
below the roller before they are ground or cut sufficiently small.
The bones, or other materials to be reduced, is supplied through a
hopper, which is placed over the roller, on the side of which is
attached a swinging port or door, opening upwards and outwards,
and extending down to the cutting plate, and to which is fixed
horizontally a weighted lever, which, being occasionally raised
upwards by means of a cam, eccentric, or other convenient periodical
motion, allows the larger substances to fall towards the cutting or
bed plate. Upon the lever being freed from the lifting motion, it
presses the swinging cover towards the cylinder, and the materials
to be. reduced are thereby kept against the cutters until reduced,
when they fall down, between the cutting plate and roller, into a
suitable receptacle. It is proposed to place the bed or cutting
plate in such a manner that should iron or any other hard sub-
stance accidentally get into the machine, it (the cutting plate) will
give way to let the hard material pass, and thereby preserve the
machine from injury. This is to be done either by a strong spring
or springs, or by weighted levers, and placing the cutting plate so
that upon receiving any undue pressure, it can yield in such a way
as to allow the intruding substance to pass, upon which the plate
immediately returns to its former position.
When small or thin substances, such as thin rib bones; or the
like, are to be reduced, it is requisite to have the cutting plate
brought as near as possible to the surface of the cylinder, which is
done by having slots of grooves cut into the front edge thereof, so
as to allow the teeth or cutters to pass through them. When this
plate is used, a portion of the cutters are removed from the roller,
and the remainder so placed that when the cylinders revolve they
will pass through the grooves or cuts in the front of the bed plate.

page_text: When two rollers are used, the second one is placed to work side
by side, parallel, and as close as possible to one fixed as already
described, and caused to revolve in the same direction. This second
roller may be fed from the side furthest from it's cotemporary
cylinder, if required, as the bones or other materials to be operated
upon would be drawn to a cutting plate, which is proposed should
be securely fixed between the two rollers, a little above the line of
their axles. By this arrangement, should any substance larger than
the height of the teeth from the roller escape between the last intro-
duced roller and the centre cutting plate, it will be caught by the
cutters of the other roller, and cut against the underside of the
centre cutting plate, or be carried round to its own cutting plate at
the opposite side, and again be subjected to the action of the cutters
or teeth.
The teeth or cutters, it is proposed, should be made in the follow-
ing manner; that is to say, those for the cylinder formed from or
by a series of discs: Take a piece of metal of the required dimen-
sions (which will depend upon the thickness of the discs); on one
side form semicircular grooves (much like those used in fluteing
pillars in Corinthian architecture) the whole length, or nearly so,
of the tooth or cutter required; the cutting end is formed by
grinding or cutting one end in an obtuse angle, from the opposite
or reverse side up to the grooved one. The teeth for the solid
cylinder are formed in the same way, except that it is preferred to
form the side of the cutters at an angle that, when they are inserted
in the diagonal or spiral grooves of the roller, their sides will be at
right angles to the axle or driving shaft.
That this Invention may be the more readily seen and under-
stood, annexed is a Drawing of an end section of so much of a
inachine as requisite to show the application of the principle. Like
letters refer to similar parts.
A, and B, the driving shaft or axles. C, and D, the cylinders or
rollers. E, the cutters, or teeth, inserted into the circular face of
the rollers. F, the part at which roller D, is supplied. G, the
centre cutting plate. H, the hopper, by which roller C, is supplied.

page_text: I, the port, or swinging door, working upon a joint at i. K,
weighted lever, to keep swinging door toward the cylinder. L, cam,
to occasionally raise the door to allow the larger postions of the
material to be operated upon to fall towards M, the cutting plate
of cylinder C. N, covering for cylinders.