AN IMPROVED MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: In the latter of Letters Patent granted to JoHN PHILLIPS, of White Hart Strect,.
Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS," the same bearing date the
21st day of January 1876, No. 257.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be entered
by the said John Phillips as such Patentee, as aforesaid, pursuant to the
Statutes in that case made and provided.
Whereas since filing the Specification to the said Letters Patent for "An Improved
"Mode of Stopping and Starting Tramway Cars, Applicable also to Railway Carriages
"and Trucks," I have been advised that from the use by me of the word "springs"
throughout such Specification, and also in the claim appended thereto, it may be
inferred that I intend to lay claim to the use of springs for the stopping and
starting of tramway cars, the use whereof for which purpose was well known prior
to the date of the filing of my said Specification :
And whereas it was not my intention to make any such claim, save in so far as
the combination thereof with the other portions of my improved mechanism is
individual to my Invention:
And whereas I am also advised that the description in my said Specification of
the object of my Invention is not sufficiently lucid and distinct to convey a correct
impression thereof, which is so to arrange the mechanism for starting and stopping
the car that not only is far greater facility afforded for so doing than it was prac-
ticable to obtain prior to my Invention, but also that no strain whatever is thrown
upon any portion of the frame of the vehicle itself, which is a considerable and
decided advantage over any other known method hitherto in use:
And whereas I am also advised that the description of the mechanism of my
Invention, as contained in the said Specification, conveys and inaccurate and erroneous
idea thereof, inasmuch as,-
1°. The springs are therein described, at line 9, page 2 of the blue book of such
Specification, as printed by Her Majesty's Printers, as being mounted in a framing,
instead of being inounted on rods supported by such framing.

page_text: 2°. That no mention is made in the description of the principles of my said
Invention, as set forth at lines 9 to 27, both inclusive, page 2 of such printed Speci-
fication, of the cross heads against which such springs abut.
3. That the friction cones are therein described, at line 15, page 2 thereof, as
being keyed on to the axles, instead of as being mounted loose on such axles, to
which the motion of the axle is imparted through friction clutches sliding on feathers
fixed to the axles in any ordinary and convenient manner.
4°. That the clutch communicating motion to the axle of the wheel is therein
described, at line 24, page 2 thereof, as being keyed on such axle, instead of as
sliding on a feather fixed to such axle.
5°. That at line 25, page 2 thereof, such clutch is described as being thrown into
gear with the gear wheels instead of with the pinion .
6°. That all mention of the increased diameter of such pinion &, and of the reasons
therefor, is omitted in such printed Specification.
7°. That the description of the operation of my Invention beginning at line 4,
page 3 thereof, and terminating at line 18 on the same page, is not sufliciently clear
and distinct to convey an accurate impression of the advantages thereof.
8°. That the description of the break power at line 19, page 3 thereof, is
insufficient, inasmuch as it omits to point out that provision is thereby made for
sudden stoppages, heavy loads, and gradients, and also that it is thoroughly
independent of the frame of the vehicle itself.
9. Also that such Specification omits to state at line 21, page 3 of such blue
book, that such break can be made to act on both wheels simultaneously.
And whereas I am also advised that the claim appended to my said Specification.
is defective for the following reasons, that is to say:—
1°. That it makes no claim generally to my improved arrangement of mechanism,
whereby all strain is avoided either on the frame of the vehicle itself or on its axle
boxes, horn blocks, or guides, thereby obtaining a very considerable diminution in
the wear and tear of the vehicle or to the advantage of staying the wheel axles, so
that under ordinary circumstances they can neither bend or break.
2°. That it makes no claim to the obtaining additional purchase over the wheel
axles for restarting the car or other vehicle.
3°. That it makes no claim to the providing of an auxiliary break power for
stopping the car, or to the automatic arrangement of break power described in such
Specification.
That I am advised that the above features of my said Invention form the subject
matter for separate and distinct claims, and I am desirous of making such claims
accordingly.
And whereas I have discovered a serious clerical error in the said instrument or
Specification in the title of ny said Invention, as stated at lines 16 and 17 of the
said instrument or Specification, so filed as aforesaid in the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, pursuant to the Statutes in that case made and provided, and
at line 4, page 2 of the printed copy of such Specification, as printed by Her
Majesty's Printers herein-before referred to, is erroneous, there being a considerable
and serious omission therefrom:
And whereas a second clerical error exists at line 24 of such written preamble to
such instrument or Specification, which portion of the preamble is omitted from the
printed copy thereof before refferred to, the word "my" being inserted therein
unnecessarily and irrelevantly:
And whereas I desire to omit from lines 27 and 28 of such written preamble to
Buch instrument or Specification so filed as aforesaid, the words "reference being
had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
"thereon" as being inapt and out of place:
16
And whereas I am advised that such various misdescriptions and errors in the
said Specification of my said Invention are calculated to vitiate and invalidate the
grant of the said Letters Patent, No. 257 of 1876, so made to me as aforesaid for
my said luvention, I therefore desire to disclaim and alter my said Specification,

page_text: and I do hereby disclaim and alter the same as printed by Her Majesty's Printers
by making certain additions thereto and omissions therefrom, and substituting
certain words in lieu of such omissions, first premising that such additions, omissions,
and insertions in no way tend to extend the scope of my Invention or the exclusive
right therein so granted to me by the said Letters Patent, No. 257 of 1876, as
aforesaid; and for the better understanding of such various alterations, I will now
proceed to mention such additions, omissions, and insertions severally and
particularly in detail.
At line 4, page 2 of the printed Specification, I disclaim and alter the title of my
said Invention, as printed by Her Majesty's Printers, by inserting after the word
cars" the words "applicable also to railway carriages and trucks," as the samo
appears in the title to my Provisional Specification.
<
At line 5, page 2 of the printed Specification, as printed by Her Majesty's
Printers, after the word "cars" I insert the words "or other similar vehicles."
At line 7, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "restart" I insert
the words "the vehicle." In the same line, after the word "horses," the words
"or other motive power," and I strike out the words " tramway cars,'
"which
are the concluding words of this paragraph, and instead thereof I insert the follow-
ing words:" such vehicles, and so to arrange the mechanism that no strain whatever
"is thrown upon the frame of the vehicle itself."
"
And in order that my said Invention may be better understood, and practically
"carried into operation, I will now, with the aid of the accompanying Drawings,
on which similar letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts,
"proceed to describe the same more in detail.
"In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 shows a plan view of my improved
"mechanical arrangement as applied to a tramway car, the flooring of the car
"being removed; Figure 2 shews a sectional side view of the same, the section
being taken on the line 1, 2, of Figure 1, and Figure 3 shews an end view, partly
"in section, of such improved mechanism."
At line 9, page 2 of such printed Specification, I strike out the words "in a
framing" and insert instead thereof the following words :-"d on rods c supported
on a frame a.
At line 10, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the words "carried by tho
"wheel axles" I omit the words "and is not connected in any way with the body of
"the car, by which means any strain on the bottom of the car will be avoided,"
and insert instead thereof the following words :- "b such springs and framework
are not in any way connected with the frame of the vehicle itself."
At line 12, page 2 of such printed Specification, I omit the word "These" and
insert instead thereof the word "The," and in the same line, after the word
"springs," I insert the following words:" abut against crossheads which."
After the word "racks," in the same line, I insert the letter "f"
At line 13, page 2 of such printed Specification, I omit the word "framing,"
and insert instead thereof the words frame a." And in the same line, after the
word "pinions," I insert the words "i, k, Figure 3."
At line 14, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the words "
I insert the figures "1, 2, 3."
"
gear wheels"
At line 15, page 2 of such printed Specification, I omit the words "friction
cones," and insert instead thereof the words "a friction cone." And in the same
line, after such words "friction cones," as at present printed therein, I omit the
words "keyed on to the axles," and insert instead thereof the words "mounted
loose on each axle, to which the motion of the axle is imparted through a friction
clutch sliding on a feather fixed to the axle in any ordinary and convenient
manner.
At line 19, page 2 of such printed Specification, I omit the words "pull over a
lever and," substituting for the same the following words, "either by pulling over
a hand lever or depressing a treadle." After the word "friction" in the same line

page_text: .
.
I omit the word "cone," and insert instead thereof the words "clutch 5 ;" and in
the same line, after the word "gear" I insert the words "with the cone 4."
At line 20, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "wheels" I
insert the Figures "1, 2, 3, ;" and in the same line, after the word "pinions" I
insert the letter "i."
At line 21, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "rack" I insert
the letter "f;" in the same line, after the word "and," I insert the word "thus ;" in
the same line, after the word "springs," I omit the word "thus," and insert the
words "d thereby;" in the same line, after the word "creating," I insert the words
" and storing."
At line 22, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "springs" I insert
the letter "d."
At line 23, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "rack" I insert
the letter "f" and in the same line, after the word "wheels," I insert the figures
and words "1, 2, 3, and pinion i."
At line 24, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "clutch" I omit
the words "keyed thereon," and insert instead thereof the figure and words
"6 sliding on a feather fixed to the axle."
At line 25, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "the" I omit the
words "gear wheels," and insert instead thereof the words "pinion ."
At line 26, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "attendant" I
omit the words "The car is supplied with break power in order that the power of
the springs may be regulated," and instead thereof I insert the following words,
This pinion I make of larger diameter than the pinion i, thereby obtaining
"considerable additional purchase over the wheel axles b for the purpose of re-
starting the car or other vehicle, which it greatly facilitates."
15
"
£
Lines 31 to 35 inclusive, page 2 of such printed Specification, I omit so as to
avoid unnecessary tautology, and substitute therefor the following words, " The
following is a description of my improved mechanism."
At line 37, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "car" I insert the
words "thereby entirely avoiding all strain thereon."
At line 38, page 2 of such printed Specification, after the word "a" I omit
word helical.
tho
At line 48, page 2 of such printed Specification, I. omit the word "receives,"
which is a clerical error, and insert instead thereof the word "receive;" and in the
same line I omit the last word "the," and insert instead thereof the word "a."
"
At line 49, page 2 of such printed Specification, I omit the words "is keyed," and
insert instead thereof the words "slides on a feather fixed;" and in the same line I
omit the word "but," and insert instead thereof the word "and."
At the beginning of line 51, page 2 of such printed Specification, I insert the
word "friction" before the word "cone."
At line 55, page 2 of such printed Specification, I omit the words "is also keyed
on,"
," and insert instead thereof the words "slides on a feather fixed;" and in the
same line, after the letter b, I insert the words "as before described."
At line 4, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the words
and insert instead thereof the words "my improved mechanism."
At line 5, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word "stop" I omit the
word "the," and insert instead thereof the word "a."
"
"the apparatus,"
At line 8, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word "wheels" I insert
the figures "1, 2, 3."
At line 9, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the words "at the same
time," and insert instead thereof the word "thus;" and in the same line I omit the
words "the springs d," and insert instead thereof the word " which.".
At line 10, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the word "the," and
insert instead thereof the word "such."
At line 11, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word "car" I omit the

page_text: words "will be," and instead thereof I insert the words "is not only;" also in the
same line I omit the word "while," and insert instead thereof the word "but ; " also
in the same line I omit the two last words will be," and insert instead thereof the
word " is."
At line 12, page 3 of such printed Specification, 1 omit the words "will be," and
insert instead thereof the word " is."
At line 13, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word "stopped," I omit
the following words:" the friction clutch 5 should be thrown out of contact with the
When restarting the car the attendant will first put," as such words
convey an erroneous idea of the action of my improved mechanism.
conc 4.
13
Specification.
▲
At line 14, page 3 of such printed after the words "clutch G" I insert the words
is put."
At line 15, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the letter "" I insert the
word "and;" also in the same line I omit the words "he will then take off;" also
in the same line after the word "break" I omit the word "and," and insert instead
thereof the words "taken off, and when restarting the friction clutch 5 is thrown
out of gear with the friction cone 4 whereby;" also in the same line I omit the
last word "will" and the first word "be" in line 16, page 3 of such printed Specifi-
cation, and instead thereof I insert the word "are."
At line 17, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the words " will actuate,"
and insert instead thereof the word "actuates;" also in the same line I omit the last
word "will."
At line 18, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the word "communicate,"
and insert instead thereof the word "communicates; " also in the same line after the
word "axles" insert the following words:" the gear wheels 1, 2, 3, and pinion i
being mounted loose, and therefore being free to revolve on the axle."
16
At line 19, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the words "The break
"which I prefer to use is a band break, and I apply it to the friction clutch, as shown
in Figures 1 and 2," and instead thereof I insert the words, In order to provide
"
";
"
"for sudden stoppages, heavy loads, and gradients, and also to obtain more perfect
"control over the springs I provide an auxiliary break power, which is shewn at
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings in the form of a band break
applied to the outer periphery of the friction clutch 5, in such a manner as to
"embrace about the thereof."
"
[
At line 20, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the word "The," and
instead thereof 1 insert the word "This," and after the last letter "n
in the same
line I insert in a parenthesis these words, "(which lever is pivotted to the frame a,
and is entirely unconnected with the bottom of the vehicle.)"
At line 21, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word "axles" I insert
the word "simultaneously."
At line 30, page 3 of such printed Specification, 1 omit the word "surfaces" and
insert instead thereof the word "peripheries."
At line 31, page 3 of such printed Specification, I omit the word "from" and
insert instead thereof the word "into;" also in the same line I omit the word
dotted;" also in the same line I omit the last word "into," and the three first
words "the other position" in line 32 of such printed Specification, and I insert
instead thereof the following words" from that indicated by the dotted lines
"therein."
"
"
"
or I omit the
At line 35, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word
word"
even coiled," and insert instead thereof the words "any other suitable.
At line 39, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word "claim" I omit
the words the mode of," and instead thereof I insert the figures and words
following, that is to say "1. The improved arrangement of mechanism herein-
"before described and illustrated. 2. The mounting of such improved mechanism
"in a frame a placed upon and carried by the axles of the wheels b, in the manner
"herein-before described and illustrated, whereby not only is far greater facility

page_text: attorded for the; and in the same line, after the word starting
word" of."
At line 40, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the word "
the words "and other similar vehicles."
"
<<
"
Insert the
cars
I insert
At line 41, page 3 of such printed Specification, after the words "and the " I
omit the words "train of gear wheels, the whole being mounted in a frame a, which
"is carried by the wheel axles b, substantially as and for the purposes herein
"shewn and described," and instead thereof I insert the words and figures
following, that is to say-"Other mechanism hercin-before described and illus-
"trated, thus effecting an immense economy in the amount of motive power
required for starting the same, but also totally avoiding all strain whatever,
"either on the frame of the vehicle itself or on its axle boxes, horn blocks, or guides,
resulting in a very considerable diminution of the wear and tear thereof, at the
same time that such improved mechanical arrangement serves to stay the wheel
"axles themselves, in such a manner that practically they can neither bend or
"break. 3. The obtaining a considerable additional purchase over the wheel axles
"for the purpose of restarting the car or other vehicle by making the pinion / of
larger diameter than the pinion i, substantially as herein-before described and
"illustrated. 4. The providing an auxiliary break power, whereby considerable
"additional purchase is obtained over the wheel axles b for the purpose of stopping
the car, as herein-before described and illustrated, which materially assists in
decreasing the wear and tear, not only of the wheels, axle boxes, and axles
themselves, but also of the vehicle generally. 5. The automatic arrangement of
"break power, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated."
15
"
<
«
"In conclusion I would add that I make no claim to the use of the springs
"herein-before mentioned, as I am aware that they have already been employed
"for the purpose of storing the force acquired by the moving mass to be again
employed for propulsion when restarting, save in so far as the method of
combining them with the other portions of my improved mechanism as herein-
"before described and illustrated is individual to my Invention."
16
And in order that the effect of this Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
may be better understood I annex a copy of the Specification as it will appear when
such Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration have been made as aforesaid.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN PHILLIPS,
of White Hart Street, Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters Patent
bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, in the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did
for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me, the said John
Phillips, Her special license, that I, the said John Phillips, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said John Phillips, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS, APPLICABLE
"ALSO TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Phillips, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Phillips, do hereby declare the nature

page_text: par-
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to
say) :-
The object of this Invention is to assist in stopping tramway cars and other
similar vehicles, and also by the act of stopping to create a power which may be
used as a first impulse to restart the vehicle, thus avoiding the great strain upon
the horses or other motive power when restarting such vehicles, and so to arrange
the mechanism that no strain whatever is thrown upon the frame of vehicle
itself.
And in order that my said Invention may be better understood and practically
carried into operation, I will now with the aid of the accompanying Drawings, on
which similar letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts, proceed
to describe the same more in detail.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 shews a plan view of my improved
mechanical arrangement as applied to a tramway car, the flooring of the car being
removed; Figure 2 shews a sectional side view of the same, the section being taken
on the line 1, 2, of Figure 1; and Figure 3 shews an end view partly in section of
my improved mechanism.
In carrying out my Invention I mount two or more springs on rods c supported
on a frame a, which is carried by the wheel axles b. Such springs and framework
are not in any way connected with the frame of the vehicle itself. The springs
abut against cross heads e which are attached to a pair of toothed racks f, one at
either end of the frame a, the teeth of which take into the teeth of a pair of
pinions i, k, Figure 3, which are driven by a train of gear wheels 1, 2, 3, mounted
loosely on each wheel axle, and set in motion by a friction cone mounted loose on
cach axle, to which the motion of the axle is imparted through a friction clutch
sliding on a feather fixed to the axle in any ordinary and convenient manner, and
brought into action by means of levers or treadles worked by the attendant. Only
one set of gear wheels and toothed racks is used at a time, and that at the forward
end of the car in whichever direction the car is proceeding. When stopping the
car the attendant will eitlier by pulling over a hand lever or depressing a treadle
throw the friction clutch 5 into gear with the cone +, and so set in motion the train
of gear wheels 1, 2, 3, which in turn and by means of one of the pinions i will
wind up the rack f, and thus compress the springs d, thereby creating and storing
a power to be used for restarting the car. The restarting is effected by the
expansion of the springs d pushing forward the rack which will turn the gear
wheels 1, 2, 3, and pinion i in the reverse direction, motion being communicated to
the wheel axle by means of a clutch 6 sliding on a feather fixed to the axle, and
which is thrown into gear with the pinion by a second lever or treadle actuated
by the attendant. This pinion I make of larger diameter than the pinion i,
thereby obtaining considerable additional purchase over the wheel axles b, for the
purpose of restarting the car or other vehicle which it greatly facilitates.
It will be evident that this arrangement of springs and gearing may be equally
applied to railway carriages and trucks, some slight modifications in the mode of
actuating the gearing only being required.
The following is a description of my improved mechanisma is the frame which
is carried by the wheel axles b, and is in no way connected with the body of the
car, thereby entirely avoiding all strain thereon. This frame supports a pair of
rods c, on each of which is mounted a spring d; the ends of these springs d abut
against cross heads e which are supported by and capable of sliding on the rods c,
and are connected to the toothed racks f. The cross heads e are further supported
by a rod g which also acts as a tie rod to hold together and strengthen the upper
part of the frame a, and which also serves to carry short springs or blocks of
india-rubber which act as buffers or cushions to prevent the cross heads e from
striking against the ends of the frame a, should the springs d act too suddenly,
owing to the slipping of the wheels on the rails or through accident. The teeth of
the racks take into the teeth of the pinions i, k, (see Figure 3), which are mounted
f

page_text: loosely on the wheel axles b. The pinion is cast with and forms part of the
bevilled wheel 1, which with the bevilled wheels 2 and 3 and the cone 4 receive
motion from a friction clutch 5; this friction clutch 5 slides on a feather fixed to
the wheel axles and is capable of a slight lateral motion thereon, so that it may be
brought into contact with the friction cone 4, which with the bevilled wheel 3 of
which it forms part is mounted loosely on the wheel axle b. This contact of the
friction clutch 5 with the cone 4 is caused by the cranked lever Z which is connected
by the rod to a hand lever or treadle to be worked by the attendant. The pinion k
is capable of being put into gear with the toothed clutch 6 which slides on a feather
fixed to the wheel axle b, as before described, and is capable of slight lateral motion
thereon, such motion being communicated by the cranked lever mand rod m² which
are worked by the attendant by hand lever or treadle.
Having now described the arrangement of my improved mechanism I will
explain the working of the same. Let it be supposed it is desired to stop a tram car;
the attendant will bring the friction clutch 5 into contact with the cone 4, as above
described, and by the impetus of the car motion will be communicated through.
friction to the train of gear wheels 1, 2, 3, and pinion and the rack f will be forced
back, thus compressing the strings d, which will be held in such compressed position
by the break until released by the attendant. By this means the car is not only
quickly brought to a standstill, but a power is created whereby the restarting of the
car is greatly facilitated. As soon as the car is stopped the clutch 6 is put into
gear with the pinion and the break taken off, and when restarting the friction
clutch 5 is thrown out of contact with the friction cone 4, wherby the springs are
free to exert their power on the wheel axles by forcing forward the rach, which in
turn actuates the pinion, and this pinion through the clutch 6 communicates
motion to the wheel axles, the gear wheels 1, 2, 3, and pinion i being mounted loose
and therefore being free to revolve on the axle.
In order to provide for sudden stoppages, heavy loads and gradients, and also to
obtain more perfect control over the springs, I provide an auxiliary break power,
which is shewn at Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings in the form of a
hand break applied to the outer periphery of the friction clutch 5 in such a manner
as to embrace about 4/5 thereof. This break is worked by the crank lever n
(which lever is pivotted to the frame a, and is entirely unconnected with the
bottom of the vehicle), rod n², and hand lever n³, and may be made to act on
both wheel axles simultaneously by prolonging the rods n¹, and connecting them
to the double lever o, by which means both breaks may be worked from either cud
of the car.
The break may also be made automatic, and this is effected by placing at the
end of the rack fa hinged tappet p, which, as the rack f is forced back, will strike
against a a fixed tappet p¹ on the under side of the lever q (see the enlarged view,.
Figure 4). The lever q is connected to the cross lever o by the rod q¹; thus it will
be seen that as the lever is pushed forward by the tappet p from the dotted
position, Figure 1, the rods n will be forced forward, and the breaks, which are
worked by these rods n¹, will be brought to bear on the peripheries of friction
clutches 5, and the hand lever n" will be forced into the position shewn in Figure 2
from that indicated by the dotted lines therein, when it will spring into a notch in
the rack 7, and remain there until it is released by the attendant.
I do not confine myself to the use of helical springs, as in some cases I may prefer
to use elliptical springs, as shewn in Figure 5, or any other suitable springs, the
construction of the remaining parts of the mechanism being the same.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim,―
1. The improved arrangement of mechanism herein-before described and illus-
trated.
2. The mounting of such improved mechanisin in a frame a placed upon and
carried by the axles of the wheels b, in the manner herein-before described and

page_text: illustrated, whereby not only is far greater facility afforded for the stopping and
starting of tramway cars and other similar vehicles by means of the toothed racks f
in combination with the springs d, pinions i and , clutches 5 and 6, and the other
mechanism herein-before described and illustrated, thus effecting an immense
economy in the amount of motive power requisite for starting the same, but also
totally avoiding all strain whatever either on the frame of the vehicle itself or on
its axle boxes, horn blocks or guides, resulting in a very considerable diminution of
the wear and tear thereof, at the same time that such improved mechanical serves to
stay the wheel axles themselves in such a manner that practically they can neither
bend or break.
Arrangement
3. The obtaining a considerable additional purchase over the wheel axles for the
purpose of restarting the car or other vehicle by making the pinion of larger
diameter than the pinion i, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated.
4. The providing an auxiliary break power, whereby considerable additional pur-
chase is obtained over the wheel axles b for the purpose of stopping the car, as herein-
before described and illustrated, which materially assists in decreasing the wear
and tear not only of the wheels, axle boxes, and axles themselves, but also of the
vehicle generally.
5. The automatic arrangement of break power, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated.
In conclusion, I would add that I make no claim to the use of the springs herein-
before mentioned, as I am aware that they have already been employed for the
purpose of storing the force acquired by the moving mass to be again employed for
propulsion when restarting, save in so far as the method of combining them with
the other portions of my improved mechanism, as herein-before described and
illustrated, is individual to my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Phillips, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Twenty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord Oue thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
JNO. PHILLIPS. (L.S.)
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נד
71
21
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I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named John Phillips to filo
in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates,
the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
JOHN HOLKER,
A

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Phillips, of White Hart Street, Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS."
Sealed the 18th July 1876, and dated the 21st January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Phillips at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1876.
JOHN PHILLIPS, of White Hart Street, Kennington, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS,
APPLICABLE ALSO TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS."
The object of this Invention is to assist in stopping tramway cars, and also to
avoid the great strain upon the horses when restarting the cars, and the Invention
consists in an arrangement of springs and gearing whereby the action of stopping
the car will create a power which may be used as a first impulse to restart it.
In carrying out the Invention three, four, or more ordinary carriage springs are
carried on a framing supported by the wheel axles. To each of the end springs is
attached a toothed rack, the teeth of which take into the teeth of a pinion, which
is driven by a train of gear wheels mounted loosely on the wheel axles, and set in
motion by a friction cone keyed on to the axle, and brought into action by means
of a lever and treadle worked by the attendant. When stopping the car the
attendant will press down the lever and throw the friction cone into gear, and thus
will set the train of gear wheels in motion, which in turn will wind the rack
and compress the springs, thus obtaining the power to be used for restarting the car.
The restarting is effected by the expansion of the springs pushing forward the rack,
which will turn the gear wheels in the reverse direction, motion being communicated
to the wheel's axle by means of a clutch which is keyed thereon, and which is
thrown into gear with the gear wheels by a second lever and treadle actuated by
the attendant. The car is supplied with the usual break power in order that the
power of the springs may be regulated.
up
It will be evident that this arrangement of springs and gearing may be equally
applied to railway carriages and trucks, some slight modifications in the mode of
actuating the gearing only being required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July 1876.
JOHN PHILLIPS, of White Hart Street, Kennington, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF STOPPING AND STARTING TRAMWAY CARS."
The object of this Invention is to assist in stopping tramway cars, and also by
the act of stopping to create a power which may be used as a first impulse to
restart, thus avoiding the great strain upon the horses when restarting tramway
cars.
:
200
In carrying out my Invention' I 'mount two or more springs in a framing which
is carried by the wheel axles, and is not connected in any way with the body of
the car, by which means any strain on the bottom of the car will be avoided.
These springs are attached to a pair of toothed racks, one at either end of the
framing, the teeth of which take into the teeth of a pair of pinions, which are
driven by a train of gear wheels mounted loosely on each wheel axle, and set in
motion by friction cones keyed on to the axles, and brought into action by 'means
of levers or treadles worked by the attendant. Only one set of gear wheels and
toothed racks is used at a time, and, that at the forward end of the car, in which-
ever direction tlie car is proceeding. When stopping the car the attendant will
pull over a lever and throw the friction cone into gear, and so set in motion the
train of gear wheels, which in turn, and by means of one of the pinions, will wind
up the rack and compress the springs, thus creating a power to be used for
restarting the car. The restarting is effected by the expansion of the springs
pushing forward the rack, which will turu the gear wheels in the reverse direction,
motion being communicated to the wheel axle by means of a clutch keyed thereon,
and which is thrown into gear with the gear wheels by a second lever or treadle
actuated by the attendant. The car, is supplied with break power in order that the
power of the springs may be regulated.
It will be evident that this arrangement of springs and gearing, may
be equally
applied to railway carriages and trucks, some slight modifications in the mode of
actuating the gearing only being required.
:.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a plan view of my arrangement of
springs and gearing as applied to a tramway car, the flooring of the car being
--removed; Fig. 2 is a sectional side view of the samo, the section being taken in the
line 12 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is an end view, partly in section,, showing more
clearly the train of gearing
=
f.
a is the the frame, which is carried by the wheel axles b, and is in no way con-
nected with the body of the car. This frame supports a pair of rods c, on each of
which is mounted a helical spring d. The ends of these springs dabut-against
cross heads
which are supported by and capable of sliding on the rods c, and are
connected to the toothed racks f. The cross heads e are further supported by a
rod
I, which also acts as a tie rod to hold together and strengthen the upper part
of the frame a, and which also serves to carry short springs or blocks of india-
rubber, which act as, buffers or cushions to prevent the cross heads e from striking
against the ends of the frame a, should the springs d act too suddenly owing to the
-slipping of the wheels on the rails or through accident. The teeth of the racks f
take into the teeth of the pinions i, l, (see Fig. 3) which are mounted loosely on
the wheel axles b. The pinion is cast with and forms part of the bevilled wheel 1,
which, with the bevilled wheels 2 and 3 and the cone 4, receives motion from the
friction clutch 5. This friction clutch 5 is keyed to the wheel axles, but is capable
of a slight lateral motion thereon, so that it may be brought into contact with the
cone 4, which with the bevilled wheel 3, of which it forms part, is mounted loosely
on the wheel axle b. This contact of the friction clutch 5 with the cone 4 is caused
by the cranked lever 1, which is connected by the rod to a hand lever or treadle
to be worked by the attendant. The pinion is capable of being put into gear
with the toothed clutch 6, which is also keyed on to. the wheel axle b, and is
1

page_text: capable of slight lateral notion thereon, such motion being communicated by the
cranked lever m and rod m³, which are worked by the attendant by hand lever or
treadle.
Having now described the arrangement of the apparatus I will explain the
working of the same. Let it be supposed it is desired to stop the tram car. The
attendant will bring the friction clutch 5 into contact with the cone 4, as abovo
described, and by the impetus of the car motion will be communicated through
friction of contact to the train of gear wheels and pinion i, and the rack will be
forced back, at the same time compressing the springs d. The springs & will be
held in the compressed position by the break until released by the attendant. By
this means the car will be quickly brought to a standstill, while a power will be
created whereby the restarting of the car will be greatly facilitated. As soon as
the car is stopped the friction clutch 5 should be thrown out of contact with the
cone +.
When restarting the car the attendant will first put the toothed clutch 6
into gear with the pinion . He will then take off the break, and the springs will
be free to exert their power on the wheel axles by forcing forward the rack f
which in turn will actuate the pinion k, and this pinion, through the clutch 6, will
communicate notion to the wheel axles.
The break which I prefer to use is a band break, and I apply it to the friction
clutch as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The break is worked by the cranked lever n,
rod ', and hand lever, and may be made to act on both wheel axles by prolonging
the rods, and connecting them to the double lever o, by which means both breaks
may be worked from either end of the car.
The break may also be made automatic, and this is effected by placing at the end
of the rack a hinged tappet p, which as the rack is forced back will strike
against a fixed tappet on the under side of the lever g (see the enlarged view,
Fig. 4). The lever q is connected to the cross lever o by the rod q'; thus it will
be seen that as the lever is pushed forward by the tappet p from the dotted
position, Fig. 1, the rods n¹ will be forced forward, and the breaks which are worked
by these rods n will be brought to bear on the surfaces of friction clutches 5, and
the hand lever will be forced from the dotted position, shown in Fig. 2, into
the other position, when it will spring into a notch in the rack, and remain there
until it is released by the attendant.
I do not confine myself to the use of helical springs, as in some cases I may
prefer to use elliptical springs, as shown in Fig. 5, or even coiled springs, the con-
struction of the remaining parts of the apparatus being the same.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim, the mode of stopping and starting tramway
cars by means of the toothed racks f, in combination with the springs d, pinions i
and, clutches 5 and 6, and the train of gear wheels, the whole being mounted in
a frame a, which is carried by the wheel axles b, substantially as and for the
purpose herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Phillips, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, the Twenty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
icht hundradd and savanty six
JNO. PHILLIPS. (L.S.)