IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC OF THE CHARACTER OF THAT TECHNICALLY CALLED 'CAMLET,' ALSO IN THE WINDING OF YARN EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH FABRIC, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER WEAVINGS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ingham, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, and George Collier, of the same Place, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC OF THE
CHARACTER OF THAT TECHNICALLY CALLED 'CAMLET,' ALSO IN THE WINDING OF
YARN EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH FABRIC, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER WEAVINGS."
Sealed the 20th April 1860, and dated the 31st October 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ingham and George
Collier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 31st October 1859.
We, JOHN INGHAM, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and
5 GEORGE COLLIER, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC OF THE
CHARACTER OF THAT TECHNICALLY CALLED 'CAMLET," ALSO IN THE WINDING OF YARN
EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH FABRIC, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS
APPLICABLE TO OTHER WEAVINGS," to be as follows:→
The fabric technically termed "camlet" is a plain cloth with slight and
almost imperceptible ribs or rolls in a direction from selvage to selvage of it;
and this fabric is produced by employing in the weaving two-fold worsted
warp, with generally a single worsted weft.
Now the object of our improvements is to produce a fabric similar, if not
identical, in appearance and utility, though at less cost, by certain combina-
tions of cotton and worsted, mobair, or alpaca. For this purpose we employ
two-fold worsted warp, or it may be mohair or alpaća, with two-fold cotton

page_text: weft, or a single fold, equal or thereabout to the two-fold thread; or in place
of the two-fold or a single fold cotton for the weft, we use two threads of
single-spun cotton, but in such case we throw the two threads at the same
time into the same shed.
The improvements also relate to employing two threads of single spun
worsted for the weft, with a warp of two-fold worsted, mohair, or alpaca, by
which a superior fabric of the character referred to will be produced. When
two separate threads of single spun weft are employed in place of one thread
of two-fold, or one weft of single thread, we prefer that the substance
employed be together about equal to that of one two-fold, or the one single
ordinarily used. In each case the threads or yarns are woven in the raw state,
and the dyeing is effected in the piece.
It is important, in order to the fabric formed with two single threads of weft
-being of uniform character, that when winding such two threads on to the
same shuttle bobbin either thread breaks, the winding should stop. For this
purpose we arrange the winding apparatus so that to each thread there is a
feeler, so that in the absence of thread, from breakage or otherwise, such feeler
operates upon the stop motion to stop the motions of the apparatus. This
means of operating may be employed when two threads are required to be laid
on to the same shuttle bobbin for other weavings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ingham and George Collier in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
INGHAM, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and GEORGE
COLLIER, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Ingham and George Collier, Her special licence that we,
the said John Ingham and George Collier, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Ingham and George Collier, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within

page_text: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC
OF THE CHARACTER OF THAT TECHNICALLY CALLED 'CAMLET,' ALSO IN THE WINDING
OP YARN EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH FABRIC, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER WEAVINGS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said John Ingham and George Collier, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Ingham and George Collier, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
The fabric technically termed "camlet" is a plain cloth with slight and
almost imperceptible ribs or rolls in a direction from selvage to selvage of it;
and this fabric is produced by employing in the weaving two-fold worsted warp
with generally a single worsted weft.
Now the object of our improvements is to produce a fabric similar, if not
identical, in appearance and utility, though at less cost, by certain combinations
of cotton and worsted, mohair, or alpaca. For this purpose we employ two-fold
worsted warp, or it may be mohair or alpaca, with two-fold cotton weft or a
single fold, equal or thereabout to the two-fold thread; or in place of the two-
fold or a single fold cotton for the weft, we use two threads of single spun
cotton, but in such case we throw the two threads at the same time into the
same shed.
The improvements also relate to employing two threads of single spun
worsted for the weft, with a warp of two-fold worsted, mohair, or alpaca, by
which a superior fabric of the character referred to will be produced. When
two separate threads of single spun weft are employed in place of one thread
of two-fold, or one weft of single thread, we prefer that the substance employed
be together about equal to that of one two-fold, or the one single ordinarily
used. In each case the threads or yarns for the warps are woven in the raw
state, and the dyeing is effected in the piece.
It is important, in order to the fabric formed with two single threads of weft
being of uniform character that when winding such two threads on to the same
shuttle bobbin either thread breaks the winding should stop. For this pur-

page_text: pose we arrange the winding apparatus so that to each thread there is a feeler,
so that in the absence of thread from breakage or otherwise, such feeler
operates upon the stop motion to stop the motions of the apparatus. This
means of operating may be employed when two threads are required to be laid
on to the same shuttle bobbin for other weavings.
The Drawing shews so much of a winding frame as will serve to illustrate
this part of our improvements. The line a represents a thread passing from a
swift, or otherwise, to a bobbin b, and in its passage it is conducted within
a groove (1), formed in the upper end of the inverted T-lever c, which
is supported with capability of turning freely on the fixed pin d. By the
pressure thus exerted by the thread or yarn a on the upper end of this lever c,
the end (2) thereof is kept depressed, but so soon as a thread a breaks or
otherwise ceases to press against the end (1) of that lever, the weighted end (3)
thereof will cause the end (2) to rise in position to act on the pin e projecting
from the wharve e', and stop the spindle from further rotation.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, we would have it
understood that what we claim is,―
First, the manufacture of fabric, as herein explained.
Secondly, we claim the application of stopping apparatus to winding appa-
ratus, to stop the motions thereof in the absence of individual threads from
breakage, or otherwise, as explained.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Ingham and George Collier, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-seventh day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
HENRY INGHAM, Manufacturer,
Halifax.
JOHN INGHAM.
(L.S.)
GEORGE COLLIER. (L.S.)