IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS AND RAMS WORKING WITH VARIABLE POWER
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Bayzand Ellington and John Henry
Harrison, both of the City of Chester, Engincers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS AND RAMS WORKING WITH
VARIABLE POWER."
Sealed the 25th February 1878, and dated the 16th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Bayzand Elling-
ton and John Henry Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th December 1872.
We, EDWARD BAYZAND ELLINGTON and JOHN HENRY HARRISON,
both of the City of Chester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS AND RAMS
WORKING WITH VARIABLE POWER," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to the arrangement and construction of
hydraulic cylinders and their rams in such a manner that they can be
made to operate with several different degrees of power for hauling or
working cranes or other uses to which such apparatus is applied. For this

page_text: purpose we fix on the same axial line two cylinders of different diameters,
and pass the ram of the smaller cylinder through a stuffing box or hole
fitted with cup leather or other suitable packing in the bottom of the
larger cylinder, and attach the smaller ram to the end of the larger
ram. When it is desired to work with small power, the water pressure
is made to act in the smaller cylinder only so as to force out its ram,
and thereby move the larger ram, the head of which acts on the crane
or other apparatus to which the power may be applied. When it is
desired to work with greater power the water pressure is made to act
in the larger cylinder only on the annular area of the larger ram sur-
rounding the smaller ram. And when it is desired to work with full
power the pressure is made to act in both cylinders so as to exert its
force on the area of the smaller ram, and the annular area of the larger
at the same time.
According to another modification we fix two cylinders of different
diameters on the same axial line, we make the ram of the larger
cylinder hollow and fit it with a ram; and we make the ram of the
smaller cylinder tubular and connect it to the ram of the larger cylinder.
The hollow ram of the larger cylinder is not connected to but it bears
against the working head which is connected to the ram that works
within the hollow ram.
When it is desired to work with great power, the water pressure is
made to act in the larger cylinder on the annular area of its ram sur-
rounding the tubular ram of the smaller cylinder and the hollow ram
being thus forced out pushes the working head against which it bears.
If now the pressure be made to act in the smaller cylinder, this pres-
sure communicated through the tubular ram to the interior of the
hollow ram forces out the ram of the latter, and thus causes the
working head attached to the last named ram to be moved through a
farther length of stroke with a power proportioned to the area of the
said ram.
In working cranes by hydraulic power it is usual to mount on the
head of the ram a pulley or several pullies, round which is passed the
chain of the crane. It is to be understood that such pulley or pullies
are to be so mounted on the heads of the rams worked in either of the
modes which we have described above, when such apparatus is applied
for the purpose of lifting or hauling.

page_text: We will now describe another mode of constructing and arranging
apparatus of this kind. We place two hydraulic cylinders on the same
axial line, so that the bottom of the one butts against the bottom of the
other. Or we make one cylinder with two cavaties of different diameters
separated by a strong diaphragm. Each of the cylinders or cavities is
fitted with a ram and head carrying a suitable pulley or pullies round
both of which the working chain is passed. When it is desired to work
with moderate power the pressure is admitted to the smaller cylinder or
cavity, and its ram is thus made to move outwards and draw up the
chain. For working with greater power the larger cylinder or cavity
is used.
A portion of the movement of the chain may be effected by the stroke
or part of the stroke of the smaller ram, and then the water which has
entered the smaller cylinder or cavity being held therein by closing a
stop valve the rest of the stroke of the chain or part of it may be
effected by the movement of the larger ram.
Instead of fixing two cylinders as above described the two rams or
one ram, one end of which is of smaller diameter than the other, may
be fixed and the two cylinders arranged to slide thereon; the pullies
being in that case mounted on the bottoms of the cylinders. When this
arrangement is adopted the rams or the two portions of the one ram are
made tubular, so that the water is conveyed through them to and from
their respective cylinders.
When it is not required to vary the power applied but to lengthen the
stroke of the chain, the two cylinders and their rams may be made of
equal diameters.
In the apparatus constructed and arranged according to any of the
above described modifications, the mouths of the cylinders through
which the rams pass are made accessible from the exterior, so that they
can be fitted with stuffing boxes, and thus internal packing leathers can
be dispensed with, sufficient room being provided, where the one mouth
is presented to the other to allow of the introduction of packing and the
necessary movement of glands.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Bayzand Ellington and John Henry
Harrison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
BAYZAND ELLINGTON and JOHN HENRY HARRISON, both of the City of
Chester, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Edward Bayzand Ellington and John Henry
Harrison, Her special license that we, the said Edward Bayzand Ellington
and John Henry Harrison, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Edward Bayzand Ellington and John Henry
Harrison, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS AND RAMS WORKING WITH VARIABLE
POWER,' upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edward Bayzand Ellington and John Henry Harrison, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Bayzand Ellington, on behalf
of myself and the said John Henry Harrison, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :—
Our improvements relate to the arrangement and construction of
.

page_text: hydraulic cylinders and their rams in such a manner that they can be
made to operate with several different degrees of power for hauling, or
working cranes, or other uses to which such apparatus is applied. For
this purpose we fix on the same axial line two cylinders of different
diameters, and pass the ram of the smaller cylinder through a stuffing
box or hole fitted with cup leather or other suitable packing in the
bottom of the larger cylinder, and attach the smaller ram to the end of
the larger ram. When it is desired to work with small power the water
pressure is made to act in the smaller cylinder only so as to force out its
ram, and thereby move the larger ram, the head of which acts on the
crane or other apparatus to which the power may be applied. When it is
desired to work with greater power, the water pressure is made to act in
the larger cylinder only on the annular area of the larger ram surrounding
the smaller ram. And when it is desired to work with full power the
pressure is made to act in both cylinders so as to exert its force on the area
of the smaller ram and the annular area of the larger at the same time.
According to another modification we fix two cylinders of different
diameters on the same axial line; we make the ram of the larger
cylinder hollow and fit it with a ram; and we make the ram of the
smaller cylinder tubular and connect it to the ram of the larger cylinder.
The hollow ram of the larger cylinder is not connected to but it bears
against the working head which is connected to the ram that works
within the hollow ram.
When it is desired to work with great power the water pressure is
made to act in the larger cylinder on the annular area of the ram sur-
rounding the tubular ram of the smaller cylinder, and the hollow ram
being thus forced out pushes the working head against which it bears.
If now the pressure be made to act in the smaller cylinder, this pres-
sure communicated through the tubular ram to the interior of the
bollow ram forces out the ram of the latter, and thus causes the
working head attached to the last named ram to be moved through a
farther length of stroke with a power proportioned to the area of the
said ram.
In working cranes by hydraulic power it is usual to mount on the
head of the ram a pulley or several pullies round which is passed the
chain of the crane. It is to be understood that such pulley or pullies
are to be so mounted on the heads of the rams worked in either of the

page_text: modes which we have described above, when such apparatus is applied
for the purpose of lifting or hauling.
We will now describe another mode of constructing and arranging
apparatus of this kind. We place two hydraulic cylinders on the same
axial line, so that the bottom of the one butts against the bottom of the
other. Or we make one cylinder with two cavities of different diameters
separated by a strong diaphragm. Each of the cylinders or cavities is
fitted with a ram and head carrying a suitable pulley or pullies round
both of which the working chain is passed. When it is desired to work
with moderate power the pressure is admitted to the smaller cylinder or
cavity, and its ram is thus made to move outwards and draw up the
chain. For working with greater power the larger cylinder or cavity.
is used.
A portion of the movement of the chain may be effected by the stroke
or part of the stroke of the smaller ram and then the water which has
entered the smaller cylinder or cavity being held therein by closing a
stop valve the rest of the stroke of the chain or part of it may be
effected by the movement of the larger ram.
Instead of fixing the two cylinders as above described, the two rams
or one ram, one end of which is of smaller diameter than the other, may
be fixed and the two cylinders arranged to slide thereon, the pullies
being in that case mounted on the bottoms of the cylinders. When this
arrangement is adopted the rams or the two portions of the one ram are
made tubular, so that the water is conveyed through them to and from
their respective cylinders.
When it is not required to vary the power applied, but to lengthen the
stroke of the chain, the two cylinders and their rams may be made of
equal diameters.
In the apparatus constructed and arranged according to any of the
above described modifications, the mouths of the cylinders through which
the rams pass are made accessible from the exterior so that they can be
fitted with stuffing boxes, and thus internal packing leathers can be dis-
pensed with, sufficient room being provided, where the one mouth is
presented to the other, to allow of the introduction of packing and the
necessary movement of glands.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings
represent respectively side views of compound hydraulic cylinders
arranged according to our Invention in the several modified forms above
described.
In Fig. 1, A is the larger cylinder with its ram B, and C is the smaller
cylinder of which the ram D passes through a stuffing box in the
bottom of the cylinder A, and is attached to the ram B. By admitting
fluid under pressure to either of the cylinders A and C or to both of
them, the chain E (passing over the pulley F mounted on the ram B)
can have a tension applied to it due to the pressure on the annular area
of the ram B or on the area of D, or on those areas combined. In
Fig. 2 the ram B of the larger cylinder A has attached to it a tube D
which passes through stuffing boxes into the smaller cylinder C. Also
the ram B itself forms a hydraulic cylinder fitted with a rami F and sup-
plied with fluid under pressure by the tube D from the cylinder C. In
this case the fluid pressure can be made to act either on the area of the
ram E or on the annular area of B or on both combined. In Fig. 3.
the two cylinders A and C are arranged to butt against each other and.
the hauling chain is passed over pullies mounted on the ends of the two
rams. By this arrangement a length of chain when the load is light
or a slack of chain can be hauled by means of the smaller ram D, and the
fluid being retained in the smaller cylinder C by a stop valve, the larger
ram B can be forced out to give the more powerful haul.
The two butting cylinders A. and O may be of equal size, as shewn in
Fig. 4, and can be worked separately or together.
And instead of having the two cylinders fixed in position with the
rams moveable, the rams B and D may be fixed and the cylinders A
and C made to move as shewn in Fig. 5. In this case the rams are
made tubular for giving the fluid admission to the interior of the re-
spective cylinders, and the chain pullies are mounted on the ends of the
moving cylinders.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we claim, the arrangement of two
hydraulic cylinders and their rams on one axial line, so that either or

page_text: both may be made to operate on one chain for the purpose of hauling or
lifting with varying power, sustantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Bayzand Ellington have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Eleventh day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
EDWARD BAYZAND ELLINGTON. (L.S.)