IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, HEATING WATER, AND FOR OTHER HEATING. OR BOILING PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Lawrence Taylor, of Cotton End, in the
County of Bedford, Machinist, and Thomas Eaton Rolfe, of Northill,
in the same County, Tailor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, HEATING WATER, AND FOR OTHER HEATING.
OR BOILING PURPOSES"
Scaled the 11th September 1857, and dated the 13th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Lawrence Taylor
and Thomas Eaton Rolfe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 13th March 1857.
I, SAMUEL LAWRENCE TAYLOR, of Cotton End, in the County of Bedford,
Machinist, and I, THOMAS EATON ROLFE, of Northill, in the same County,
Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOLLERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, HEATING WATER, AND FOR OTHER HEATING OR
BOILING PURPOSES;" to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in steam boilers relates, first, to an arrange
ment for extending the heating surface of Cornish or flue boilers, and consists
in placing a water chamber within the capacity of the flue. This chamber
has suitable channels of communication at the back end with the water and
steam spaces of the main boiler, to permit the circulation of water and the

page_text: escape of steam from the auxiliary into the main boiler. These communi-
cations are effected by means of pipes, which are easily disconnected or
removed if it is desired to withdraw this inner water chamber from the flue
for repairs or otherwise.
This water chamber, which may extend from the bridge backwards, is
placed concentric with the flue, and is of such size as to afford flue room
sufficient all round it for the products of combustion to pass from the furnace.
Instead of a simple cylindrical chamber, as above described, this chamber may
be of an annular form, and having a flue passage quite through the centre,
thereby affording a passage for the heat and flame to pass through as well as
around this inner chamber.
Instead of a single flue passage through this additional water chamber, it
may have numerous flue passages through it in the shape of tubes, as in
multi-tubular boilers. This additional chamber need not necessarily be cylin-
drical, but should be formed according to the flue in which it is placed.
Another part of our improvements in steam boilers relates to the furnaces or
fire-places, and consists in making the furnace bar frame hollow, and fitting it
as herein-after described. In flue boilers I make this frame to slide in from
the front, with the cross bar under the fire door taking on to two lugs or
projections extending from the front of boiler, and so as to form communi-
cations between the hollow frame and the water in the boiler.
The furnace bar frame is formed in a piece with the bridge, which is also
hollow, and in addition to the hollow side rails of the frame it may or may
not have hollow channels distributed intermediate of the furnace bars.
The water of the boiler circulates through these hollow parts, which
materially assist in generating steam. The furnace bar frame so fitted may
be readily withdrawn for repairs, when required. It may be similarly fitted
to land and marine boilers where the furnace is placed within the limits of
the boiler.
In applying this hollow furnace frame to locomotive and other portable
boilers, we introduce it from below, providing suitable parts and appertures
of communication between it and the body of the boiler, which at the same
time serve to secure it in position.
Another part of our Invention relates to a smaller class of boilers, such as
are known by the name of coppers, kettles, and other similar utensils. These
articles we make with a concavity in the bottom, the convex side rising to
a considerable distance within the vessel; we stretch a tube or channel across
this concavity, through which tube the water or other fluid to be boiled or
heated circulates. At or near the top of the concavity we form a passage

page_text: through to the outside of the vessel, which permits a circulation of the heat
and products of combustion around the tube containing the fluid, and allows
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Lawrence Taylor and Thomas Eaton Rolfe in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
LAWRENCE TAYLOR, of Cotton End, in the County of Bedford, Machinist,
and THOMAS EATON ROLFE, of Northill, in the same County, Tailor, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Samuel Lawrence Taylor and Thomas Eaton Rolfe, Her special licence
that we, the said Samuel Lawrence Taylor and Thomas Eaton Rolfe, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel
Lawrence Taylor and Thomas Eaton Rolfe, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, HEATING WATER, AND FOR
OTHER HEATING OR BOILING PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Samuel Lawrence Taylor and Thomas Eaton Rolfe, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Lawrence Taylor and Thomas
Eaton Rolfe, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-.
tained in and by the following statement, reference being bad to the two
Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-

page_text: Our Invention of improvements in steam boilers relates, first, to an arrange-
ment for extending the heating surface of Cornish or flue boilers, and consists
in placing a water chamber within the capacity of the flue. This chamber
has suitable channels of communication at the back end with the water and
steam spaces of the main boiler, to permit the circulation of water and the
escape of steam from the auxiliary or supplemental boiler into the main
boiler. These communications are effected by means of pipes, which are
casily disconnected or removed, if it is desired to withdraw this inner water
chamber from the flue for repairs or otherwise.
This water chamber, which may extend from the bridge backwards, is
placed concentric with the flue, and is of such size as to afford fluc room
sufficient all round it for the products of combustion to pass from the furnace.
Instead of a simple cylindrical chamber, as above described, this chamber may
be of an annular form, and having a flue passage quite through the centre,
thereby affording a passage for the heat and flame to pass through as well as
around this inner chamber.
Instead of a single passage through this additional water chamber, it may
have numerous flue passages through it in the shape of tubes, as in multi-
tubular boilers. This additional chamber need not necessarily be cylindrical,
but should be formed according to the flue in which it is placed.
Another part of our improvements in steam boilers relates to the furnaces
or fire-places, and concists in making the furnace bar frame hollow, and fitting
it as herein-after described. In flue boilers I make this frame to slide in
from the front with the cross bar under the fire-door taking on to two lugs or
projections extending from the front of boiler, and so as to form a communi-
cation between the hollow frame and the water in the boiler.
The furnace bar frame is formed in a piece with the bridge, which is also
hollow, and in addition to the hollow side rails of the frame it may or it may
not have the hollow channels distributed intermediate of the furnace bars.
The water of the boiler circulates through these hollow parts, which materially
assist in generating steam. The furnace bar frame so fitted may be readily
withdrawn for repairs, when required. It may be similarly fitted to land and
marine boilers where the furnace is placed within the limits of the boiler.
In applying this hollow furnace frame to locomotive and other portable
boilers we introduce it from below, providing suitable parts and apertures of
communication between it and the body of the boiler, which at the same time
serve to secure it in position.
Another part of our Invention relates to a smaller class of boilers, such as
are known by the name of coppers, kettles, and other similar utensils. These

page_text: articles we make with a concavity in the bottom, the convex side rising to
considerable distance within the vessel; we stretch a tube or channel across
this concavity, through which tube the water or other fluid to be boiled or
heated circulates. At or near the top of the concavity we form a passage
through to the outside of the vessel, which permits a circulation of the heat
and products of combustion around the tube containing the fluid, and allows
an escape of those products from the upper part of the cavity.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a steam boiler con-
structed according to our Invention; Figure 2, a view of the front or fire-
door end; Figure 3, a transverse vertical section on the line 1, 2, Figure 1;
and Figure 4, a similar section on the line 3, 4, of the same Figure; while
Figure 5 represents a view of the back end, and is the same view of
Figures 6 and 8, herein-after described. a, a, represents the shell of an
ordinary Cornish or flue boiler, which we have represented oval for the sake
of more steam and water space above the inner flue b, b. Our improvements
in these boilers consists, first, in placing within the flue b, b, behind the fire-
bridge, a supplementary boiler c, c, extending from a short distance behind
the fire-bridge to the back end. This supplementary boiler is of such
diameter as to fill the flue b, b, with the exception of a suflicient space d, d,
all round for the passage of the heat and products of combustion from the
furnace. The inner or supplemental boiler c, c, has numerous through tubes,
as in a multi-tubular boiler. The heat and flame generated in the furnace
passes over the fire-bridge e, and is distributed all round the exterior of c, c,
and passes through the several tubes f, f, in its passage to the chimney, and
thereby greatly facilitates the generation of steam in the boiler. In addition
to the action of the heat on the interior of flue b, b, the flues to the chimney
may be conducted outside the boiler a, a, as usual.
The supplemental boiler c, c, is supported in a concentric position or other-
wise in the flue b, b, by three or four rests or stays g, g.
In order to provide for the proper circulation of water in c, c, and for the
escape of steam therefrom, we connect the supplemental boiler c, c, with the
main body a, a, by channels h, h, and ', in the form of a T piece; these are
fixed permanently to the part c, c, and have openings i, i, i, of communication
therewith; i, i, allowing the free circulation of the water in c, c, also permitting
the free escape of steam from the upper part at i'. Flanges k, k, are formed
on each of the arms h, h, h, they have also projecting nozzles, which enter
the body of the boiler a, a, having free water and steam communication there-

page_text: with by passages 1, 1, 1. These flanges being secured by suitable bolts can bo
readily connected and disconnected, in order to remove the supplemental
boiler c, c, for repairs or for other purposes.
m, m, is a hollow frame,
and at the other end in
Further improvements in these boilers consist in furnishing them with
hollow fire-bar frames and fire-bridge, in which the water of the boiler a is
free to circulate; this is seen in. Figures 1, 2, and 3.
terminating at the one end in the hollow bridge e,
a hollow cross bar n, n, across the front of the boiler. It further has a
conical tube or channel o, connecting the front bar n with the bridge above
the level of the bars. The whole of these hollow parts have free water
communication with each other, and are in communication with the water
space of a, a, by means of nozzle pieces p, p, entering the boiler on each side
of the fire-door (see section Figure 6. The hollow cross bar n is bolted by
lugs or flanges q, q, to the body of the boiler a, which at the same time makes
the water communications tight, and secures the whole fire-bar frame in
position, which, however, may be readily removed, if desired, disconnecting
the lugs 7, 9-
If necessary, a piper may be fitted (see Figure 1) for the
escape of steam from the upper part of the bridge e into the boiler a.
Instead of placing the furnace bars s, s, on the level represented, they may
be lower, to expose more of the hollow frame m to the contact of the fire;
this also protects the plates of the boiler from the fire in a great measure.
Figure 6 represents a longitudinal section of a similar boiler to a, a,
Figure 1; and Figure 7, a transverse vertical section on the line 5, 6, but
instead of the supplemental boiler c, c, being multi-tubular, it has simply one
internal tube or fluc t through it. The other fittings and parts of this boiler
are the same as before, and need not again be described.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal vertical section of a further modification, in
which the supplemental boiler c, c, consists simply of a conical vessel c, which
the products of combustion act on by surrounding the exterior in their passage
through flue b, b. Figure 9 is a transverse vertical section of Figure 8 on
line 7, 8; the fittings and other parts are as before described with reference
to Figure 1.
Figure 10 represents in longitudinal vertical section a further modification
of our improvements in Cornish or flue boilers, in which the fore end of the
cylinder or vessel c, c, forms the fire-bridge e, with which the hollow frame
n, m, of the furnace bars is in free water cominunication, which frame is
fixed and connected with the body of the boiler a, a, as herein-before
described. The supplemental boiler c being of a piece with the furnace bar
frame m, m, the whole is drawn out together, if required for repairs.

page_text: is a transverse section of Fig. 10 on ne a, o.
One, two, or more flue tubes u, u, are formed through the supplemental
boiler c direct from the fire, if desirable.
The water has free circulation by the nozzles p, p, as before (see Fig. 6),
while the steam funds escape from the upper part c by the pipe v to the main
body of the boiler.
The T piece channels in this case are dispensed with as being unnecessary,
and offering obstruction to the withdrawing the parts c, c, and m from the
front of boiler.
Figure 11 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a flue boiler having
the furnace underneath; and Figure 12, a transverse section of the same
through the front smoke box; and Figure 13, a similar section through the
back smoke box.
m, m, is the furnace bar frame, which may be of the ordinary construction
or hollow, and in connection with the water space of the boiler a, a, by
suitable tubes of communication for the circulation of water and the escape
of steam, as before described. In this boiler the flue b, b, contains a supple-
mental boiler c,"c, which reaches nearly from end to end, or quite, if required.
It is sustained on rest pieces g, g, in a position concentric with the flue b, b,
and being smaller affords space all round for the passage of the heat and
flame between the supplemental boiler c, c, and the flue b, b; it also has
numerous tubes f, f, as in a multi-tubular boiler, through which the smoko
and heat passes. This supplemental boiler c, c, is connected with the main
body a, a, in front by a T piece with channels 1, 1, 1', for the circulation of
water and escape of steam, as before described, which can be disconnected
from the main body by the flanges k, k, as before mentioned, in or to
withdraw the supplemental boiler c, c, for repairs or otherwise. Instead of a
number of tubes f, f, through e, c, a single small flue may be used.
a
The course of the products of combustion from the furnace is this:-They
pass under the boiler a, up through tubes f, f, and annular space d, between c, c,
and flue b, into the smoke box w in front of the boiler, and from whence they
traverse the flues a, x, exterior of the main boiler a, a, and arrive in the
smoke box Y, and from thence escape to the chimney.
Figure 14 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a locomotive boiler
fitted, according to our Invention, with a hollow fire-bar frame in which the
water of the boiler circulates. It consists of a rectangular hollow frame m, m,
fitted to the fire box j, and in which the bars s, s, rest. The frame m is
fixed in a suitable position by four elbow pipes z, 2, suitably bolted to the fire
box and to the frame m, which pipes also serve for the circulation of the

page_text: water from the body of the boiler into the hollow frame m. ¹ is a pipe for
permitting the escape of steam generated in the hollow frame to the upper
part of the boiler.
The last part of our Invention relates to a smaller class of boilers, such as
tea-kettles and vessels used for boiling water for culinary and other domestic
purposes.
Figure 15 represents a longitudinal vertical section of a tea-kettle con-
structed according to this part of our Invention; and Figure 16, a section at
right angles to Figure 15; while Figure 17 represents an under side plan of
the same. It consists in forming a concavity a, a, in the under side of the
vessel, and placing therein tubes b, b, b, in communication with the interior
capacity of the vessel, so that any liquid filling the kettle also fills the tubes
b, b. These tubes are placed at a slight inclination, in order that the fluid
when as it becomes heated in the pipes b, b, will circulate readily therein, and
so cause a circulation of the whole contents, of the kettle through the tubes,
as indicated the arrows. The cavity a has one or more passages c of com-
munication through the side of the kettle, which permits a free circulation of
the heat and products of combustion around the tubes b, b, in the cavity a, and
out at the passage c, which quickly imparts heat to all the surface of the
cavity a and to the tubes b, b, causing thereby a free circulation of the water
or other fluid in the kettle, and rapidly heating and boiling the whole. We
prefer to use only one passage c, and place it at the back part, so as to
conduct the smoke more directly up the chimney.
Although we have described this part of our Invention only with reference
to tea-kettles, it will be readily understood as applied to other vessels for.
boiling or heating fluids.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we wish it to be understood that we we claim as our
Invention, and desire to be protected by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent, is,―
First, the construction of Cornish or flue steam boilers with supplementary
boilers or parts c, c, fitted and applied as herein-before described.
We also claim the application of a hollow fire-bar frame and bridge in
which the water of the boiler circulates, fitted and applied as herein-before
described.
Secondly, we claim the application of the hollow fire-bar frame to the
locomotive boiler in which the water of the boiler circulates, fitted and other-
wise adapted as herein-before described.
And, lastly, we claim constructing kettles and other culinary domestic

page_text: boilers or utensils with tubes or passage of circulation arranged in a cavity or
space subject to the circulation of the heat and flame, all as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Lawrence Taylor and Thomas
Eaton Rolfe, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
SAMUEL L. TAYLOR.
(L.S.)
THOMAS EATON ROLFE. (L.S.)
SAMUEL L. TAYLOR.
(L.S.)
THOMAS EATON ROLFE. (L.S.)