Improvements in or relating to Motor and other Road Cars or Vehicles and Cycles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Motor and other Road Cars or
Vehicles and Cycles.
I, JAMES GEORGE STIDDER of 66 Waddon Old Road Croydon in the County of
Surrey, Sanitary Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as
follows:-
The object of any invention is to effect improvements in the construction and in
the arrangement of the parts of motor and other road cars or vehicles (a part of which
improvements is also applicable to cycles) whereby the general efficiency of the
veliicle is increased and the vibration, usually experienced more particularly with
motor and other self-propelled vehicles is reduced to a minimum.
According to my Invention, as applied to motor cars, I mount the carriage upon a
frame carrying the propelling power in such a manner that the carriage is insulated
from the vibrations set up by the engine, for this purpose I prefer to suspend the
body of the carriage from C springs similar to the arrangement on a broughain.
The driving wheels or axles are provided with ball bearings running in bearings
capable of sliding in guides and controlled by springs which are preferably applied
between the hearing and the top of the guide frame.
This guide is attached to, or forms part of, the main frame on which the engine is
supported and to which the fifth wheel or under carriage of the steering wheels is
pivoted. It will thus be seen that this arrangement of the working parts increase
the stability of the car and leaves more space in the body of the car for accommo-
dating passengers.
The bearings, in which the axles run, are preferably formed in two or more parts
and are provided with an oil well though which the ball race runs and a plug by
removing which the waste oil may be run off. The ball race is situated at some distance
from the exterior surface of the axle, the latter is corrugated circumferentially as is
also the interior of the bearing and suitable passages are formed so as to druin the
excess of oil back to the well. One or more brake drum or drums are also fitted to
the axle and provided with straps or bands and suitable connections for convenient
use of the driver.
In applying ball bearings to the free running wheels of vehicles to carry heavy
weights, I form the fixed axle with an annular flange near the middle of the hub and
provide the latter with a corresponding annular flange projecting inwards. Bills are
inserted between the flange and each end of the hub, the ends being provided with
collars, lock nuts, stuffing boxes and analogous fittings to ensure an oil and dust tight
bearing. For light vehicles I form the hub oil tight by suitable caps and washers
the back cap being in two parts, and a stuffing box is fitted to the axle. Two rows of
balls or one of rollers and one of balls are fitted between adjustable rings, discs or
conical surfaces adjustment being effected by removing one or more of a number of
copper or other soft metal washers and again locking the ring disc or conical surface
by a lock nut. At the back of the hub a curved lip or flange is provided which
prevents the oil running out of the bearing, suitable projecting ribs being also

page_text: provided for this purpose. The rollers are preferably of a double cone, base to base,
with a central rib.
The tyres are preferably of the pneumatic type but are so arranged as to be
impervious to punctures and preferably to automatically inflate when the internal
pressure has, through any cause, diminished below its normal. For these objects I
form the tyre with an outer tread surface capable of movement up and down
in a U shaped rim the edges of which are turned over to prevent the tyre disengaging
itself from the rim. Inside the rim and below the tread I fit a pneumatic or inflatable
tube formed in cross section as a bellows, the sides of which are forced to retain their
proper position by a suitable projecting, medium from the walls of the rim or by
suitable connections between the inner edges of the bent-in portions of the tube.
A suitable valve is fitted, open to the air, at the bottom of the rim and is of the
non-return pattern. The tube may be held distended by suitable stays or supports
inserted in the tube at its widest parts and is protected from injury by metal bands
placed above and below the tube. The tread is, in this case, preferably formed as an
arch in which a rope band is placed which with the sides of the arch bear upon the
upper metal band.
The rim is preferably formed in two parts, circumferentially, which are united by
bolts. This enables me to make use of a pneumatic tyre without an air tube. The
tyre is moulded to the form of an arch with a groove in both sides to fit the edges of
the rim. The two inner edges of the tyre are compressed between an outer
inextensible band and an inner extensible band and are so united before placing the
tyre in the rim.
A band of rubber or other suitable material is placed between the
rin and the tyre.
In fitting wooden spokes to the wooden felloe of the wheels, the felloe is drilled to
receive a split ferrule having claws or turned over edges, the ferrule being previously
fitted to the spoke end. A wedge shaped screw is passed through the felloe and into
the end of the spoke, whereby the ferrule is pressed open causing the claws or other
projections to enter the wooden felloe, a rigid connection being thus effected. In
some cases tubular metal spokes may be einployed the outer end being split and
formed similarly to the ferrule, a plug of wood or other material is inserted in the
tube into which the wedge screws expanding the split tube as described. Other
means may be employed for expanding the end of the split tube, such as a conical
nut or a screwed rod secured in the tubular spoke.
Dated 10th November 1896.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.
SPECT
ATION.
Improvements in or relating to Motor and other Road Cars or
Vehicles and Cycles.
I JAMES GEORGE STIDDER of 66 Waddon Old Road, Croydon, in the County of
Surrey Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to effect improvements in the construction, and in
the arrangement of the parts of Motor and other road Cars or vehicles (a part of
which improvements is also applicable to cycles) whereby the general efficiency of the
Vehicle is increased and the vibration, usually experienced more particularly with
motor and other self-propelled vehicles is reluced to a minimum.
According to my invention, as applied to motor cars, I mount the carriage upon a

page_text: frame carrying the propelling power in such a manner that the carriage is insulated
from the vibrations set up by the Engine; for this purpose I prefer to suspend the
body of the carriage from C spring similar to the arrangement on a brougham.
The driving wheels or axles are provided with ball bearings running in hearings
capable of sliding in guides and controlled by springs which are preferably applied
between the bearing and the top of the guide frame. This guide is attached to or
forms part of the main frame on which the engine is supported and to which the
fifth wheel or under carriage of the steering wheels is pivoted. It will thus be seen
that this arrangement of the working parts increases the stability of the car and
leaves more space in the body of the car for accommodating passengers.
The bearings, in which the axles run, are preferably formed in two or more parts
and are provided with an oil well through which the ball race runs and a plug by
removing which the waste oil may be run off. The ball race is situated at some
distance from the exterior surface of the axle; the latter is corrugated circumferentially
as is also the interior of the bearing and suitable passages are forined so as to drain
the excess of oil back to the well. One or more brake drum or drums are also fitted
to the axle and provided with straps or bands and suitable connection for convenient
use of the driver.
In applying ball bearings to the free running wheels of vehicles to carry heavy
weights I form the fixed axle with an annular flange near the middle of the hub and
provide the latter with a corresponding annular flange projecting inwards. Balls are
inserted between the flange and each end of the hub, the ends being provided with
Collars, lock nuts, stuffing boxes and analogous fittings to ensure an oil and dust
tight bearing. For light vehicles, I form the hub oil tight by suitable caps and
washers the back cap being in two parts, and a stuffing box is fitted to the axle.
Two rows of balls or one of rollers and one of balls are fitted between adjustable rings,
discs or conical surfaces adjustment being effected by removing one or more of a
number of copper or other soft metal washers and again locking the ring disc or
conical suface by a lock nut. At the back of the hub a curved lip or flange is
provided which prevents the oil running out of the bearing, suitable projecting ribs
being also provided for this purpose. The rollers are preferably of a double cone,
base to base with a central rih.
The tyres are preferably of the pneumatic type but are so arranged as to be
impervious to punctures. For this object I forin the tyre with an outer trend surface
capable of movement up and down in a U shaped rim the edges of which are turned
over to prevent the tyre disengaging itself from the rim. Inside the rim and below
the tread I fit a pneumatic or inflatable tube formed in cross section as a hellows, the
sides of which are forced to retain their proper position by a suitable projecting
medium from the walls of the rim or by suitable connections between the inner edges
of the bent-in portions of the tube. A suitable valve is fitted, open to the air, at the
bottom of the rim and is of the non-return pattern. The tube may be held distended
by suitable stays or supports inserted in the tube at its widest parts and is protected
from injury by metal bands placed above and below the tube. The trend is, in this
case, preferably formed as an arch in which a rope band is placed which with the
sides of the Arch hear upon the upper metal band.
The rim is preferably formed in two parts, circumferentially, which are united by
bolts. This enables me to make use of a pneumatic tyre without an air tube.
The tyre is inoulded to the form of an arch with a groove in both sides to fit
the edges of the rim. The two inuer edges of the tyre are compressed between
an outer inextensible band and an inner extensible band and are so united before
placing the tyre in the rim. A band of rubber or other suitable material is placed
between the rim and the tyre.
In fitting wooden spokes to the wooden felloe of the wheels, the felloe is drilled
to receive a split ferrule having claws or turned over edges, the ferrule being
previously fitted to the spoke end. A wedge shaped screw is passed through the
felloe and into the end of the spoke, whereby the ferrule is pressed open causing the
claws or other projections to enter the wooden felloe, a rigid connection being thus

page_text: effected. In some cases tubular metal spokes may be employed the outer end being
split and formed similarly to the ferrule; a plug of wood or other material is inserted
in the tube into which the wedge screws expanding the split tube as described.
Other means may be employed for expanding the end of the split tube, such as a
conical nut on a screwed rod secured in the tubular spokes.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascertained
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a driving wheel hub axle bearing and guide
constructed according to one part of my invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of a ball bearing hub for free running wheels
suitable for carrying heavy weights.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of a ball and roller bearing hub for similar wheels
suitable for light vehicles.
Figures 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 and 9 illustrate my invention so far as it relates to the tyres
and rims.
Figures 10. 11 and 12 illustrate my improved method of fitting spokes to wooden
felloes.
Referring to Fig. 1a is a driving wheel hub rigidly mounted on the axle band
secured thereto by pins c c passing through the flange 6 of the axle the usual screw
cap d being also provided.
The axle is carried in a bearing e arranged to slide in gnides ffixed to the frame g,
A being a section of a laminated spring against which the bearing bears. The axle
is formed with a grooved flange in which groove the balls & run the axle and the
bearing being correspondingly corrugated as shown to prevent leaking of oil or
admission of grit is a screw plug for removing the waste oil and m is a screw plug
by removing which fresh oil may be supplied to the bearing. n are passages for
returning oil to the well or lower portion of the bearing. o is a brake drum fast on
the axle.
In Fig. 2a hab suitable for heavy weights is shewn b is the axle formed with a
flange the hub heing formed with a corresponding flange a. Balls k are inserted
between the axle and the hub as shewn. The ends of the axle and hub are provided
with collars, lock nuts stuffing boxes and analogous fittings as shown on the drawing
to ensure an oil and dust proof bearing.
Figure 3 illustrates a hub for carrying light weights which is oil and dust proof.
This I effect by constructing the bearings and cups as shown, a is the hub and b the
axle.
The axle is provided with two pairs of bearing plates or discs p, one of each pair
being fixed and the other adjustable. The adjustable discs p¹ are locked in position
by lock nuts p, a number of thin copper washers 2 heing inserted between the discs
as shown to be removed one or more at a time when adjustment is necessary.
The back end of the bub is provided with a cup formed in two parts joined
together by lugs and screws a³; the sides of lock nut p² are formed with flanges or
ribs a which act in combination with the lip a to retain the oil in the hearing. Balls
or rollers may be used as desired.
Fig. 4 is a section and Fig. 5 is an elevation of a tyre the rim of which is of a
U shape and accommodates a pneumatic tube q in which are inserted band struts or
stays for holding the corners distended ss are rings for forcing the tube to retain
its proper shape tt are metal plates or bands to prevent injury to the air tube and
is an arclel shape tread enclosing a rope v for expanding the base of the tyre under
heavy pressure. A valve of the non return pattern is fitted.
Figs. 6. 7. 8 and 9 illustrate tyres fitted to my improved rims with barb
projections to which are formed with a detachable side we whereby the tyres are
readily attached to or detached from the rim. In Fig. 9 the edges of the tyre are
shown joined or connected by two bands a¹ the outer band being inextensible
and the inner band a' capable of being expanded to grip the edges of the tyre between
the bands.

page_text: The bands are provided with projections or barbs or otherwise roughened to
ensure a perfect grip and the tyres may be used with or without an inuer inflatable
tube as shown by the drawings.
The ends of the wooden spokes of wheels I provide with metal ferrules y Figs. 10
and 11 the upper edges of which form claws when forced outward. This is effected
by the use of a wedge shaped screw passing through the felloe as shewn in Fig. 6
into the spoke end whereby the ferrule is forced outward into the wooden felloe.
Metal tubular spokes may also be secured in a similar manner the ends of snch spokes
being split and provided with a plug of wood or other material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. The improvements in or relating to motor and other road cars or vehicles and
cycles substantially as set forth.
2. In motor and other road cars or vehicles the general construction and arrange-
ment of axle bearing and hub of driving wheel substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Figure 1 of the drawings.
3. In motor and other road cars or vehicles the general construction and
arrangement of bearing and hub for free running wheels of vehicles for heavy weights
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figure 2 of the drawings.
4. In motor and other road cars or vehicles and cycles the general construction and
arrangement of bearings and hub for free running wheels of light vehicles substantially
as described and illustrated by Figure 3 of the drawings.
5. In motor and other road cars or vehicles the general construction and
arrangement of puncture proof tyre. substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings.
6. In motor and other road cars or vehicles the method of fitting wooden or metal
tubular spokes to the wooden felloes of wheels substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by Figures 6, 10. 11. and 12 of the drawings.
Dated Toth August
GEO. DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.
GEO.
DOWNING,
8 Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.