Improvements in or relating to Oil and similar Lamps.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Oil and similar Lamps.
I, SIEGMUND RAUDNITZ, Chemist, of VIII Wickenburggasse No. 10, Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to lamps for liquid fuel, which give a perfect and steady
light and which do not explode, smell or produce soot.
The lamp consists of a liquid reservoir through the centre of which passes
a tube enclosing a hollow double walled cylindrical vessel communicating with
the reservoir by means of a pipe or pipes, both the tube and the reservoirs resting
on a support or base. There are thus two communicating vessels one within the
other, thereby forming air-passages within and between them.
The hollow double walled cylindrical vessel containing the wick and provided
with the usual wick guiding and regulating devices is preferably made narrower
at the top to form a guide for the wick.
The tube or, as it may be called, the inner wall of the vessel or reservoir is con-
tinued upward beyond the reservoir and carries a rotatable and detachable cap
which properly speaking, consists of two caps placed one over the other, the
outer one being provided at the bottom with air inlet holes. The inner cap
serves to ensure a thorough mixing of the air arriving through the air-passages
with the oil-vapours, whereby the lighting flame is converted into an extremely
hot blue flame. The double cap has the function of guiding the air directly to
the flame and to the incandescent body when such is used whereby in the first
case the lighting flame is converted into a Bunsen flame and in the second case,
owing to the air passing upwards between the flame and the incandescent body,
a better white heat and better radiation of light is attained. The caps are made
narrower at the top and form at this point an annular air-outlet directed against the
flame and the incandescent mantle. The inner open space of the wick-containing
vessel is narrowed at the top by the introduction or formation of a mouth-piece in
order to prevent the air from ascending in a straight line and to cause it to pass to
the flame in an eddying direction. This eddying supply of air quickly converts
the flame into a blue, so-called Bunsen flame. The mouth piece may be supported
on a central guide carrying also a flame distributing device which is perforated
in order to guide a part of the hot air upwards, whereby the great drawback of
the flame producing soot is partly obviated.
The air is supplied to the passages in the reservoir and central tube through
openings in the base of the lamp. In order to enable the volume of air passing
through the outer space to be increased if desired the outer tube or wall as well

page_text: as the outer cap of the two caps are provided with corresponding openings which
can be opened to a greater or lesser extent or completely closed by turning or
partly rotating the sleeve together with the caps. The outer cap rests on pro-
jections secured to the outer tube projecting from the reservoir. The burner
gallery is supported on the outer cap by means of small brackets and is completely
closed at the bottom by a plate so that no air can reach the incandescent flame
or mantle from the outside and a very strong draught is obtained between the base
of the lamp and the upper end of the chimney. Without this strong artificial
draught there would not be any security against the lamp smoking at any moment,
60 that this arrangement is of the greatest importance for the production of a
good steady light. The mantle (the incandescent body) is supported in the well-
known manner on the cap by a rod secured by a screw."
The caps together with the burner gallery can be, as already mentioned easily
detached from the outer tube for the purpose of lighting the wick and are pre-
ferably connected to said tube by bayonet joints.
Owing to the highly efficient manner of supplying air to the incandescent
gas-particles the latter are completely consumed and produce a heat equal to
that produced by Auer's Bunsen burner, so that the light given by the lamp
according to the present invention differs little or not at all from the real incan-
descent gas-light.
This lamp differs therefore from all other hitherto constructed lamps by two
air-passages being formed in the interior of the lamp by two vessels placed one
into the other, said passages supplying air on both sides of the flame surrounding
the latter and thus producing a thorough mixing of the air with the flame,
farther by a double-walled cap being used, which also supplies air to the flame
and to the incandescent body through its openings and further by the burner-
gallery being closed at the bottom, so that no air can enter the chimney and pass
to the flame at this point, but the air is forced to pass directly from the base of
the lamp to the top of the chimney. The lamp may be used for any kind of liquid
fuel and also without incandescent bodies.
Dated this 28th dove of Condomal 100
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Oil and similar Lamps.
I, SIEGMUND RAUDNITZ, Chemist, of VIII Wickenburggasse No. 10, Vienna,
.in the Empire of Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:
This invention relates to lamps for liquid fuel, which give a perfect and steady
light and which do not explode, smell or produce soot.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section, Figs. 2 and 3 horizontal cross sections, and
Fig. 4 an elevation of a lamp according to the present invention.
Fig. 5. represents a Ditmar lamp of well-known construction, provided with a
double cap according to this invention and an improved burner-disc, and

page_text: Fig. 6 is a plan and Fig. 7 a horizontal cross-section of the burner Fig. 5, on
the line ax.
The lamp consists of a liquid reservoir a through the centre of which passes
a tube f enclosing a hollow double-walled cylinder 6 communicating with the
reservoir a by means of a pipe or pipes c both the tube and the reservoir resting
on a support or base d. There are thus two communicating vessels one within
the other, thereby forming air-passages I and II within and between them.
The hollow double walled cylinder b containing the wick e, and provided with
the usual wick guiding and regulating devices, is preferably made narrower at
the top to form a guide for the wick.
The tube for as it may be called, the inner wall of the vessel or reservoir a
is continued upward beyond the reservoir a and carries a rotatable and detachable
cap, which properly speaking, consists of two caps g and h placed one over the
other, the outer one being provided at the bottom with air inlet holes i. The
inner cap serves to ensure a thorough mixing of the air arriving through
the air-passages I and II with the oil vapours, whereby the flame is converted
into an extremely hot blue flame. The double cap has the function of guiding
the air directly to the flame, and to the incandescent body, when such is used
whereby in the first case the flame is converted into a Bunsen flame and in the
second case, owing to the air passing upwards between the flame and the incan-
descent body, a better white heat and better radiation of light is attained. The
caps and h are made narrower at the top and form at this point an annular
outlet to direct the air against the flame and the incandescent mantle. The inner
open space of the wick tube b is narrowed at the top by the introduction or forma-
tion of a socket or flanged tube o, in order to guide the air towards the burner
disc p. A central guide s carries the flame distributing device
which is per-
forated in order to allow a part of the hot air to pass upwards, whereby the great
drawback of the flame producing soot is partly obviated.
V
..
P
The air is supplied to the passages I and II in the reservoir and central tube
through openings in the base d of the lamp and follows the direction indicated
by the arrows. In order to enable the volume of air passing through the outer
space I to be increased, if desired, the,quter tube or wall f as well as the sleeve q
on which the two caps g and h are supported may be provided with corresponding
openings u which can be uncovered to a greater or lesser extent or completely
closed, by turning or partly rotating the perforated sleeve q, together with the
caps g and h. The sleeve q rests on projections t secured to or a flange on-the
outer tube projecting from the reservoir a. The burner-gallery kis supported
on the outer cap g by small brackets y and is completely closed at the bottom
by a plate n so that no air can reach the incandescent flame or mantle l, from
the outside, and a very strong draught is obtained between the base of the lamp
and the upper end of the chimney. Without this strong artificial draught there
would not be any security against the lamp smoking at any moment, so that this
arrangement is of the greatest importance for the production of a good steady
light. The mantle (the incandescent body) 7 may be supported in well known
manner over the cap g by a rod secured by a screw m.
The caps g and h together with the burner gallery can be as already mentioned,
easily detached from the outer tube f for the purpose of lighting the wick e,
and are preferably connected to said tube by a bayonet joint (Fig. 4).
In said Figure 4 w represents any well known regulating device for the wick e,
and z the opening, which can be closed by a screw cap for filling the combustible
liquid fuel into the reservoir a.
Owing to the highly efficient manner of supplying air to the incandescent gas-
particles the latter are completely consumed and produce a heat equal to that
produced by Auer's Bunsen burner so that the light given by the lamp according
to the present invention differs little or not at all from the real incandescent
gas-light.
This lamp differs therefore from all other hitherto constructed lamps by two

page_text: air passages I and II being provided in the interior of the lamp, by two recep-
tacles a and b placed one within the other, said passages supplying air on both
sides of the flame, surrounding the latter and thus producing a thorough mixing
of the air with the flame by a double walled cap g, h, being used which also.supplies
air to the flame and to the incandescent body through its openings i, and further
by the burner gallery k being closed at the bottom, so that no air can enter the
chimney and pass to the flame at this point, the air being forced to pass directly
from the base of the lamp to the top of the chimney. The lamp may be used
for any kind of liquid fuel and also without incandescent bodies.
Figs. 5 to 7 represent a burner which can be screwed into any reservoir con-
taining liquid fuel.
This burner is constituted by a Ditmar burner of the usual construction, in
which, beside the double cap g h according to this invention, there is also provided
a specially constructed flame distributor or burner-disc. This device consists
of three superposed discs p¹ pp³ the first of which has a full edge and large inner
openings, the second disc being provided with a large number of small holes,
and the third disc being solid, i.e. without any holes.
P
The lower disc p₁ guides the air inside the wick towards the second disc p
which lets a part of air pass, the remaining part being deflected laterally. The
whole quantity of air is however distributed between the separate discs and the
flame forced through, and thoroughly mingled with air, whereby the lighting
flame is at once completely converted into a blue, non-luminous flame, such as
is necessary for incandescent burners.
This three-part device may be arranged at a higher or lower level, whereby the
size of the flame and its purity or blueness can be regulated.
By screwing up or raising the wick until it reaches the next burner disc, there
can be obtained in the burner just described a white light about three times as
strong as in corresponding burners with round wicks of the usual construction.
This burner may, therefore, be used with advantage even without a mantle or
incandescent body.
از
די זיי
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. A lamp comprising two communicating receptacles, as a and b, arranged
within the other, with air passages I and II for supplying air to both sides of
the flame, the outer receptacle receiving the oil or combustible liquid to be gasified
and the inner receptacle which is open at the top and provided with the usual
wick guiding and regulating devices receives the wick, substantially as described.
2. In a lamp of the character described a flanged tube as o arranged in the
hollow receptacle 6 for the purpose of guiding the air centrally towards the flame
distributor substantially as described.
3. In an incandescent lamp, a double walled cap as g h with air inlets as i and u,
for the purpose of supplying air to the flame and to the space between the flame
and the incandescent body whereby a better white heat and radiation of light
is attained substantially as described.
4. In a lamp a gallery, as k, closed at the bottom for the purpose of preventing
air from entering the chimney from the outside substantially as described.
5. In a lamp the arrangement of openings in the flame distributor for the purpose
of supplying air to the interior of the flame and thus ensuring a more perfect
combustion, substantially as described.
6. In a lamp, a flame distributor comprising a solid upper disc and a perforated
lower disc, substantially as described.
7. In a lamp the arrangement of a double cap as g h about a burner and a.
flame distributor constituted by three discs the lower one of which being provided
with large and the middle one with small perforations, the upper disc being solid
substantially as described.

page_text: 8. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete oil
or similar lamp substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 or in Figure 5
of the accompanying drawings.