A NEW OR COMBINED MACHINE FOR SAWING, MOULDING, PLANING, TENONING, AND CUTTING OUT VARIOUS FORMS OF WOOD
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Mansfield Lloyd, of South Lambeth,
London, for the Invention of "A NEW OR COMBINED MACHINE FOR
SAWING, MOULDING, PLANING, TENONING, AND CUTTING OUT VARIOUS FORMS
OF WOOD."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Mansfield
Lloyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th May 1872.
I, CHARLES MANSFIELD LLOYD, of South Lambeth, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR COMBINED
MACHINE FOR SAWING, MOULDING, PLANING, TENONING, AND CUTTING OUT VARIOUS
FORMS OF WOOD," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to the construction of a new or combined
machine, whereby the several operations of sawing, moulding, planing,
tenoning, and otherwise cutting forms of wood, are performed with great
facility and in almost any variety of design and useful size, all parts of

page_text: the machine working in unison at the speeds required for each particular
purpose.
The machine will make the forms of all descriptions necessary for
timbers and fittings for ships, railway carriages, house building, joinery,
cabinet work, scantlings, plank deals, battens, feather edge boarding rails
for enclosing land, also any samples of circular, elliptical, segmental,
and irregular surfaces, such as window heads, the cross segmental
bearers in railway carriages or for supporting the decks of large and
small vessels, felloes for wheels, sashes, sash doors, jambs, rebates; the
machine planes boards for flooring and other uses; it makes skirtings, all
descriptions of mouldings, hand rails for staircases, boarding for the sides
and tops of railway carriages, and many other varieties of work, and pro-
duces them all in a finished state ready for use direct from the machinė.
I propose to support the various working parts in a horizontal frame
or table of cast iron in suitable standards, all the work being performed
by rotating cutters set on steel shafts turning in gun metal bearings.
The operation of sawing is similar to that ordinarily practised by circular
saws, a fence being applied to tilt or cant to any angle for cutting
feather edge boarding, and for straight and bevelled sawing, grooving,
rebating, and other such work, the saws may be of any size up to 36
inches in diameter according to the size of the timber, a vertical bracket
bolted to the frame raises the saws above the machine free and clear
of the other parts, and they may be worked separately if required from
the other operations.
Assuming that it is required to operate on the upper and lower
surfaces, and two sides or edges of any length of wood in order to plane
the wide surfaces and mould or otherwise cut the edges, I cause the
wood to be fed to the machine by means of a bed or guide, above which
I arrange two feed rollers, the peripheries being serrated or roughened
to bite the surface of the wood, these rollers are set in journals subject
to the pressure of a curvilinear flat spring, through which a screw stem
passes fixed to a raised portion of the frame, and a handle being turned
on the screw serves to force down the spring and give the rollers any
power required; in the bed beneath the rollers the first or lower rotating.
planes are set horizontally on a circular plate or disc, two planes set
opposite each other in line of the diameter being fixed in recesses in
the discs, projecting sufficiently from the surface to present cutting
edges, the disc and planes being caused to run with great rapidity by

page_text: means of a vertical shaft and pulley gearing; thus the under surface of
the wood being planed, the work is carried to the right hand edge
cutter of whatever nature it may be, the cutter is fixed to the side of
a.square block piece and secured thereto by a bolt, the dovetailed head
of which is let into or down a corresponding recess, a washer and screw
nut clamping the cutter firmly, the position or extent of cutting may
bc regulated by slotted arrangements so that wherever the cutter is
adjusted the screw nut will secure it, the whole is driven by a vertical
shaft and gearing as before, the work then passes to the third operation
for planing the upper surface, the disc and planes are consequently
reversed, or a horizontal rotating cutter may be used, the bearings and
shafts with gearing being arranged accordingly, and the work finally
passes through the other end of the machine, where a left-hand edge
cutter is set on a shaft with fittings similar to the right-hand cutter, the
position of the blade being reversed and the shaft turning in a contrary
direction to the other edge cutter, but this left-hand cutter is not set in
fixed bearings like the first, but is allowed to be shifted in a lateral guide
, according to the width of the work.
The operation of tenoning is performed by saws rotating and set as
described in my former Patent for "Improvements in Tenoning
Machines for Cutting Wood," dated November 15th, 1871, No. 3074, but
I propose by this Invention to combine such method with the foregoing
operations.
.
The whole of gearing of the combined machines is worked by steam
power, by bands or straps driving pulleys of such diameters as to effect
tlie proportionate speeds. With regard to saws I can pass a strap under
the pulley of one shaft and over another to reverse their directions of
rotation, and a spring and grooved pulley may be applied as convenient
to direct the strap and to maintain tension.
Various arrangements are made for shifting any parts of the work, as
for example the bed for the reception of the wood or timber, for when
large baulks of timber are required to be treated the bed can be lowered
by screw gearing to any extent required to operate on the largest
descriptions of wood, whether soft and easily worked or of the hardest
Honduras.
The description given already of the planing and edge cutting will
to show how easy it must be to perform all the kinds of work first

page_text: mentioned; all the cutters might be simple planes and the third hori-
zontal plane may be made to cut an upper surface moulding of a most
elegant pattern, it being only necessary to form the cutting edge of the
plane accordingly, so also the four or the second, third, and fourth
cutters may be made to cut a fluted pilaster or ornamental pillar com-
plete by one passage of the material through the machine.:
The position of the saws may also be varied by similar means to those
employed in lowering the beds, as well known in mechanical movements
which is not necessary to dwell upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
MANSFIELD LLOYD, of South Lambeth, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, Her special licence
that I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR
COMBINED MACHINE FOR SAWING, MOULDING, PLANING, TENONING, AND CUTTING
OUT VARIOUS FORMS OF WOOD," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, my exccutors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: °
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner. the
sane is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This Invention relates to the construction of a new or combined
machine whereby the several operations of sawing, moulding, planing,
tenoning, and otherwise cutting forms of wood are performed with
great facility and in almost any variety of design and useful size, all
parts of the machine working in unison at the speeds required for cach
particular purpose.
The machine will make the forms of all descriptions necessary for
timbers and fittings for ships, railway carriages, house building, joinery,
cabinet work, scantlings, plank deals, battens, feather edge boarding,
rails for enclosing land, also any samples of circular, elliptical, segmental,
and irregular surfaces, such as window heads, the cross segmental
bearers in railway carriages, or for supporting the decks of large and
small vessels, felloes of wheels, sashes, sash doors, jambs, rebates. The
machine planes boards for flooring and other uses; it makes skirtings,
all description of mouldings, hand rails for staircases, boarding for the
sides and tops of railway carriages, and many other varieties of work,
and produces them all in a finished state ready for use direct from the
machine.
I propose to support the various working parts in a horizontal frame
or table of cast iron in suitable standards, all the work being performed
by rotating cutters set on steel shafts turning in gun metal bearings.
The operation of sawing is similar to that ordinarily practised by circular
saws, a fence being applied to tilt or cant to any angle for cutting
feather edge boarding, and for straight and bevilled sawing, grooving,
rebating, and other such work; the saws may be of any size up to thirty-
six inches in diameter, according to the size of the timber, a vertical
bracket bolted to the frame raises the saws above the machine free and
clear of the other parts, and they may be worked separately if required
from the other operations.
Assuming that it is required to operate on the upper and lower
surfaces, and two sides or edges of any length of wood in order to

page_text: plane the wide surfaces and mould or otherwise cut the edges, I cause
the wood to be fed to the machine by means of a bed or guide above
which I arrange two feed rollers, the peripheries being serrated or
roughened to bite the surface of the wood; these rollers are set in journals
subject to the pressure of a curvilinear flat spring through which a
screw stem passes fixed to a raised portion of the frame, and a handle
being turned in the screw serves to force down the spring and give
the rollers any power required. In the bed beneath the rollers the
first or lower rotating planes are set horizontally on a circular plate or
disc, two planes set opposite each other in line of the diameter being
fixed in recesses in the discs projecting sufficiently from the surface to
present cutting edges, the disc and planes being caused to run with
great rapidity by means of a vertical shaft and pulley gearing; thus the
under surface of the wood being planed the work is carried to the right
hand edge cutter, of whatever nature it may be. The cutter is fixed to
the side of a square block piece and screwed thereto by a bolt, the dove-
tailed head of which is let into or down a corresponding recess, a washer
and screw nut clamping the cutter firmly; the position or extent of
cutting may be regulated by slotted arrangements so that wherever the
cutter is adjusted the screw nut will secure it; the whole is driven by a 1
vertical shaft and gearing as before. The work then passes to the third
operation for planing the upper surface; the disc and planes are con-
sequently reversed; or a horizontal rotating cutter may be used, the
bearings and shafts with gearing being arranged accordingly, and the
work finally passes through the other end of the machine where a left a
hand edge cutter is set on a shaft with fittings similar to the right hand
cutter, the position of the blade being reversed, and the shaft turning
in a contrary direction to the other edge cutter; but this left hand
cutter is not set in fixed bearings like the first, but is allowed to be
shifted in a lateral guide according to the width of the work.
The operation of tenoning is performed by saws rotating and set as
described in my former Patent for "Improvements in Tenoning Machines
for Cutting Wood," dated November 15th, 1871, No. 3074, but I propose
by this Invention to combine such method with the foregoing operations.
The whole of gearing of the combined machine is worked by steam
power, by bands or straps driving pulleys of such diameters as to effect
the proportionate speeds. With regard to saws I can pass a strap under
the pulley of one shaft and over another to reverse their directions of

page_text: rotation, and a spring and grooved pulley may be applied as convenient
to direct the strap and to maintain tension.
Various arrangements are made for shifting any parts of the work, as
for example, the bed for the reception of the wood or timber, for when
large baulks of timber are required to be treated the bed can be lowered
by screw gearing to any extent required to operate on the largest
descriptions of wood, whether soft and easily worked or of the hardest
Honduras.
The description given already of the planing and edge. cutting will
serve to show how easy it must be to perform all the kinds of work first
mentioned, the cutters might be simple planes, and the third horizontal
plane may be made to cut an upper surface moulding of a most elegant
pattern, it being only necessary to form the cutting edge of the plane
accordingly, so also the fourth or the second, third, and fourth cutters
may be made to cut a fluted pilaster or ornamental pillar complete by
one passage of the material through the machine.
The position of the saws may also be varied by similar means to
those employed in lowering the beds as well known in mechanical™
movements.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I claim as my
Invention the new or combined machine for sawing, moulding, planing,
tenoning, and cutting out various forms of wood, substantially as herein
described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
0
CHARLES MANSFIELD LLOYD. (L.S.)
Witness,
ALEX³. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.