Gas and Oil Burner.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr., 1890-Accepted, 17th May, 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Gas and Oil Burner.
I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has
been communicated to me from abroad by Frank Richard Fennessy, of the City
and State of New York, United States of America, Gentleman,) and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to that class of burners which have a central draft or air
supply and in which the flame from a gas jet or the gaseous products of combustion
from a burning wick, are burned between the air supplying perforated metal cylinders
or chimneys concentric with the wick or jet.
The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus by means of which a perfectly
blue odorless flame of great heating power may be produced from coal oil or from
ordinary illuminating gas, for the purpose of heating, or for purposes of illumination
when applied to a filamentary body of refractory earthy material placed in the flame
so as to be rendered incandescent.
My invention is designed further to improve the general construction of the
apparatus in the details hereinafter mentioned.
My invention consists first in the peculiar construction, proportions, and relations
of the inner and outer perforated air cylinder or chimneys whereby I secure the
production of the odorless flame of high temperature, secondly; in the manner of
supporting the outer cylinder to allow access to the wick or burner for lighting; in
the manner of supporting said outer cylinder as well as the inner cylinder in order to
cut off the conduction of heat from said cylinders to the oil chamber or wick tube ;
in the construction of wick raiser whereby the wick may be evenly raised and by
devices not interfering with the general construction; in the provision of devices
whereby a filamentary refractory hody may be suspended over the flame or around.
the outer cylinder or chimney, and in certain other details of construction to be more
particularly hereinafter described.
The novel features, devices and combinations of devices whereby the desired heating
or illuminating effect may be produced will be described more particularly in connec-
tion with the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, and will
then be more particularly defined in the claims.
I have herein shown my invention as applied to an oil burner, but the same
features may obviously be applied to a gas burner.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1, is a vertical section of an apparatus embodying my invention.
Fig. 2, is a horizontal section on the line X, X, Fig. 1, the outer perforated cylinder
having been removed.
Fig. 3, is a side elevation of the supporting ring and connected parts for the
outer perforated cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a portion of the frame or support which carries said
ring
Fig. 5, is a vertical section through the two cylinders showing a modification of
the apparatus.
Fig. 6, is a vertical section through the outer cylinder forming the wick tube the
inner cylinder being shown in elevation.
Fig. 7, shows a part of one of the perforated chimneys in full size.
Fig. 8, is a cross section through the same.
Referring to Fig. 1, C, indicates the outside cylinder or casing which forms the
outer wall of the annular chamber in which the wick and wick holder move up and

page_text: down. D, indicates an inside cylinder or casing forming the internal wall of the
wick or wick holder. In the annular space between the said cylinders is placed the
wick E, properly secured to an annular wick holder F. The wick burns at the lower
end of the annular chamber formed by supply tubes and the gaseous products of
combustion supplied by such wick are consumed.in the space between the two
perforated cylinders H, G, and at the space at the upper end of the outer cylinder.
The outer perforated cylinder or chimney H, is supported by the ring or washer K,
which is attached to an annular plate N, as shown in Fig. 3, that is in turn supported
from a ring or frame L. The ring or frame L, is carried by the frame A, of the
stove, or by any other frame which is independent of the wick tube or light chamber
at the bottom of the same. The object in thus supporting the outer cylinder H,
independently of the wick tube is to prevent the conduction of heat from said cylinder
to the tube and the oil chamber at the bottom of the same supplied with oil through
openings H. To assist in cutting off the conduction of heat from the cylinder to the
wick tube, I provide at the upper end of the outer cylinder C, a ring or washer, or
packing b, of asbestos or other material which is a non-conductor of heat and is
preferably non-combustible, with which ring the ring K, engages when the burner
is in condition for use. The packing may be in any desired form or of any desired
material; but I prefer to make it fibrous or loose so as to allow air to oirculate
through the same to assist in the prevention of the passage of heat across the
joint.
For the purpose of raising the outer cylinder H, in order to permit access to the
burner for lighting I provide the plate N, and the supporting ring L, with cam
surfaces as indicated at M².
By means of a suitable handle O, the supporting devices of the cylinder may be
turned, and in so doing will obviously be raised sufficiently to permit access beneath
the ring K, to the upper end of the wick or burner.
The inner perforated cylinder or chimney is supported from the inner tube D, by
buttons or projections d, thus producing contact between the cylinders at a number of
isolated points only, and to a considerable extent cutting off the conduction of heat
from the perforated cylinder to the wick tube and oil chamber. The upper end of
the inner cylinder G, is suitably closed by a flat plate or cover I, which causes the air
passing up into said cylinder through the cylinder D, to be forced outwardly into
the chamber consisting of the annular space between the perforated cylinders. The
flame not only burns between said cylinders, but at the open mouth of the outer
cylinder H, above which any article to he heated may be placed.
It is desirable in order to produce the best effects that the end of the inner
cylinder should terminate just below the end of the outer cylinder and that the
plate 1, should be applied to the mouth of the inner cylinder so as to close the end
of the same at a short distance below the mouth of the outer cylinder. By this
construction a space is left at the upper end of the outer cylinder of substantially
the same area as the mouth of the latter in which the flames may burn, while the
. .inner end of the inner cylinder being closed at its mouth the air is forced into the
space between the two cylinders practically through the whole height of the annular
space between them thus supplying air for mixture with the gases to the best possible
advantage.
.
I have also ascertained that the number and size of the openings or perforation in
the diaphragms or cylinders G, H, affect very materially the result.
After long experiments in this direction I have determined that excellent results
are obtained by perforating the cylinders with openings each of a guage or diameter
of one sixteenth of an inch, the number of such perforations or openings to the
square inch being about twenty. It is obvious that an equivalent amount of air might
be introduced through the perforated cylinders or diaphragms by increasing the
diameter of the perforations and correspondingly increasing their number to the
square inch, or that within certain limits determined by the intimacy of the mixture
of air. and gas desired, that the diameter of each opening might be increased and the
number to the square inch diminished.

page_text: When therefore in my claim I specify openings of one sixteenth of an inch
diameter to the number of twenty to the square inch, I design .to. cover the
equivalent sizes and dispositions thus mentioned. I do not however limit myself
to the exact diameters and numbers specified which will permit a given amount of
air to enter through the wall of the cylinder, but as will be obvious the dimensions and
proportions given may be varied or departed from to some extent so as to increase
or decrease the amount of air admitted without departing from my invention.
With the apparatus arranged as described the violet or blue flame will fill the
mouth of the outer cylinder and will readily heat any object placed above the same.
If it is desired to contract the flame a dome or plate P, having an opening through it,
is employed. The mouth of the outer cylinder might be entirely closed as is obvious
by means of a plate p³, shown in Fig. 5, if it is desired to increase the flame and
temperature on the outer wall of the exterior perforated cylinder H..
By the apparatus described an exceedingly intense heat may be secured, and I
design employing my apparatus as a means of producing illumination. For this
purpose I propose to support either over the mouth of the cylinder H, or around the
same any suitable incandescing burner such as is employed in the Welsbach and
Lungren incandescent gas lights, and consisting essentially of a filamentary body of
refractory material. In the present case I have shown a hood T, similar to that of
the Welsbach lamp, supported by a standard S, carried by a ring R, which rests upon
a flange of the plate P. By this means the flame produced by the oil burner, which
in the apparatus described will be of non-illuminating character, may be employed
to produce light by heating the incandescing body T, to incandescence.
A hood or incandescent body of refractory earthy material such as indicated at W,
may be also supported in the manner indicated or in any other desired way around
the outer cylinder H, for the purpose of producing light. The degree of heat to
which said hood W, will be subjected is obviously dependent to some extent upon
the degree to which the flame is caused to burn on the outside of the perforated
chimney H.
In order to provide for raising the wick as the same consumes a simple device,
and without interferring with the perforated chimneys or cylinders G, H, I employ a
construction such as shown more particularly in Fig. 1, and consisting essentially of
a vertical rod A³, carrying at its upper end.a. cross bar B', from which depends
rods C, connected to the wick holder F. The rods C, move in channels or slots m,
such as indicated more clearly in Fig. 6, thus permitting the wick to lie close to the
cylinder D. The rod A', is preferably made as a rack and is operated by a pinion
supported below the wick tube and oil chamber consisting of the cavity at the bottom
of the wick tube.
My improved apparatus is operated in an obvious manner. The wick having been
lighted is allowed to burn until the parts above the same become somewhat heated
and until considerable vapor is evolved when on regulating the height of the wick, by
means of the apparatus described, the flame may be caused to burn at the mouth
of the outer chamber and in the annular space between the inner and outer
chambers.
In this class of burners it is generally desirable to lower the wick to a point below
that which is used with ordinary oil stoves, the burned wick serving in my apparatus
rather as a generator of the oil vapors which are consumed in the annular chamber
above the same and at the mouth of the tube H, as they are mixed with the air
supplied through perforations in the cylinders.
While I have described a form of wick raiser I do not wish to be understood
as confining myself thereto nor is it to be understood that the form of wick raiser is
necessary to the successful use of other features of the burner.
I have hereinfore also stated that I have obtained the best results with a particular
size and number of perforations and have claimed the same, but I wish it distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the use of the same since the other
features of the burner are useful with any size of perforations and with perforated
diaphragms or chimneys of any form or construction.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said, inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination in an oil or gas burner, of the exterior perforated chimney or
cylinder forming the exterior wall of a flame chamber above the burner, an interior
perforated cylinder open below and terminating near the upper end of the outer
cylinder, and a closing plate at the mouth of the inner cylinder and below the open
end of the outer cylinder, as and for the purpose described.
2. In a central draft oil or gas barner, perforated cylinders forming the inner
and outer walls of a flame chamber and provided with perforations of approximately
one sixteenth inch calibre distributed twenty to the square inch, or the equivalent as
described..
3. The combination with an oil burner and the exterior or perforated chimney
or cylinder for the flame chamber, of a supporting ring or frame for said chamber
carried by a frame disconnected from the wick tube, as and for the purpose
described.
4. The combination with the outer perforated chimney, of a supporting ring or
frame disconnected from the wick tube, and a ring or washer of ashestos or similar
material on the upper end of the wick tube between the same and the lower end of
the chimney or the ring to which the same is attached.
5. The combination with the outer perforated chimney, of a rotary annulus or
ring entirely supporting said chimney and a fixed frame carrying said ring, the frame
and annulus being provided with cam surfaces as described whereby on rotation of
the chimney the same will be raised to give access to the wick.
6. The combination with the burner, of concentric perforated chimneys the outer of
which is closed at its upper end by a plate having a contracted mouth or opening
through it, as and for the purpose described.
7. The combination with the wick holder F, of rods C, supporting the same at their
lower ends, the cylinder D, having channels or grooves in which said rods move, the
cross-head B³, connecting the rods C, at their upper ends, and the rack rod A',
depending from said cross-head and passing downwardly through the cylinder for
engagement by the operating pinion.
8. The combination with an oil burner, of an interior perforated tube or chimney,
an outer perforated tube or chimney having a contracted mouth at its upper end, and
a filamentary body of refractory earthy material supported above such mouth, as and
for the purpose described.
11
• 1000
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.