Improvements for Increasing the Evaporative Power of Steam Boilers, which are also applicable for Heating Buildings and other purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 23rd June, 1893-Accepted, 12th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements for Increasing the Evaporative Power of Steam
Boilers, which are also applicable for Heating Buildings and
other purposes.
I, JAMES HODGKINSON of Woden Street, Ordsal Lane, Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows :-
This invention relates to improvements for increasing the evaporative power of
steam boilers, which are also applicable for heating buildings and other purposes,
and is designed for making and utilizing superheated steam and disposing of the
same in the water space of a boiler, or through a precipitator or purifier, or for
heating, drying, or boiling purposes as may be desired, and consists in disposing in
the flue or flues of a steam boiler or other furnace a range or ranges of pipes in a
zig-zag or other form. These pipes are placed preferably in the flame bed or
bottom flue of a boiler or other furnace. To the inlet of the heating pipes may be
coupled pipes by which steam from a boiler may be fed into and passed through the
same for the purpose of superheating the steam, after which the latter is delivered
at a point below the water level, thereby supplying heat of a high temperature in
the coldest part of the boiler. The inlet of the said heating pipes may be
provided with an ordinary nozzle, by which water, exhaust, and condensed steam
may be passed through the same and re-heated or converted into steam of a high
temperature and returned into the boiler at a pressure equal to or above that
contained in the boiler, and preferably for economy and improving the circulation
is delivered in the water space, which also prevents the breakage of joints or
twisting of pipes. When feeding with water-cold or heated-the inlet is provided
with a nozzle and so placed in position with a steam nozzle as to form a spray
producer or vapourizer, by which the water is broken up into small particles causing
it to be more readily converted into steam. Steam is supplied to the nozzle from a
boiler by means of pipes and taps or valves; and a check or non-return valve is
provided to prevent blowing back. Water is supplied from the ordinary boiler
feed or other convenient source and is delivered to a chamber or cavity containing
a steam nozzle. To further break up the water I may employ in connection with
the heating pipes interceptors, projecting plugs, stems, and the like fixed in the
said pipes in any suitable manner. After the water and steam has travelled through
the entire range or ranges of pipes the product is delivered by the outlet pipe to a
point preferably below the water line in the boiler, thereby delivering superheated
steam into the coldest part of the boiler, by which its excess of heat improves
circulation, increases evaporation, and produces economy, these advantages being
effected by means of waste heat and gases that have hitherto mainly been lost in
passing up the chimney. To the outlet pipe, before entering the boiler, may be
attached a pipe and valve from whence the superheated steam may be directed
through other pipes to heat rooms, boil size, steam kiers, ventilation, and many
other purposes required in works of various kinds. The outlet pipes placed below
the water level may be fitted with nozzles for the purpose of injecting the same and
assisting delivery into the boiler. If desired the water and steam nozzles may be
dispensed with to allow of the heating pipes being fed full bore with water to
deliver the heated water to the boiler, which will serve the ordinary purpose of an
economiser or water heater. For the purpose of keeping the boiler and heating
pipes free from scale or sediment when using impure water, the latter is first passed
into and then through a precipitator provided with a coil having perforations or
outlets or otherwise; the said coil being fed with steam in such quantities as to

page_text: raise the temperature of the water to precipitating point, thus performing the
function of a water filter or purifier, by which the efficiency of the pipes will be
maintained. The precipitator is provided with a tap or valve through which the
mud or sediment may be blown out as desired.
Dated the 24th September 1892.
EDMUND Chadwick,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements for Increasing the Evaporative Power of Steam
Boilers, which are also applicable for Heating Buildings and
other purposes.
I, JAMES HODGKINSON of Woden Street, Ordsal Lane, Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements for increasing the evaporative power of
steam boilers, which are also applicable for heating buildings, and other purposes,
and is designed for making and utilizing super-heated steam and disposing of the
same in the water space of a boiler, or through a precipitator or purifier, or for
heating, drying, or boiling purposes as may be desired, and consists in disposing in
the flue or flues of a steam boiler or other furnace a range or ranges of pipes in a
zig-zag or other form. These pipes are placed preferably in the flame bed or
bottom flue of a boiler or other furnace. To the inlet of the heating pipes may be
coupled pipes by which steam from a boiler may be fed into and passed through
the same for the purpose of superheating the steam, after which the latter is
delivered at a point below the water level, thereby supplying heat of a high
temperature in the coldest part of the boiler. The inlet to the said heating pipes
may be provided with an ordinary nozzle, by which water, exhaust and condensed
steam may be passed through the same and re-heated or converted into steam of a
high temperature and returned into the boiler at a pressure equal to or above that
contained in the boiler, and preferably for economy and improving the circulation
is delivered in the water space, which also prevents breakage of joints or twisting
of pipes. When feeding with water-cold or heated-the inlet is provided with a
nozzle and so placed in position with a steam nozzle as to form a spray producer or
vapourizer; by which the water is broken up into small particles causing it to be
more readily converted into steam. Steam is supplied to the nozzle from a boiler
by means of pipes and taps or valves, and a check or non-return valve is provided
to prevent blowing back. Water is supplied from the ordinary boiler feed or
other convenient source and is delivered to a chamber or cavity containing a steam
nozzle. To further break up the water I may employ in connection with the
heating pipes interceptors, projecting plugs, stems, and the like, fixed in the said
pipes in any suitable manner. After the water and steam has travelled through
the entire range or ranges of pipes the product is delivered by the outlet pipe to a
point preferably below the water line in the boiler, thereby delivering superheated
steam in the coldest part of the boiler, by which its excess of heat improves
circulation, increases evaporation, and produces economy, these advantages being
effected by means of waste heat and gases that have hitherto mainly been lost in
passing up the chimney. To the outlet pipe, before entering the boiler, may be
attached a pipe and valve whereby the superheated steam may be directed through
other pipes to heat rooms, boil size, steam kiers, assist ventilation, and be otherwise
usefully applied. The outlet pipes placed below the water level may be fitted with
nozzles for the purpose of injecting the same and assisting delivery into the boiler.
If desired the water and steam nozzles may be dispensed with to allow of the
heating pipes being fed full bore with water to deliver the heated water to the

page_text: UL
poiler, which will serve the ordinary purpose of an economiser water heater.
For the purpose of keeping the boiler and heating pipes free from scale or sediment
vhen using impure water, the latter is first passed into and then through a
recipitator provided with a coil having perforations or outlets or otherwise; the
aid coil being fed with steam in such quantities as to raise the temperature of the
vater to precipitating point, thus performing the function of a water filter or
urifier, by which the efficiency of the pipes will be maintained. The precipitator
s provided with a tap or valve through which the mud or sediment may be blown
ut as desired.
poner, when win serve the oramai purpose of au
For the purpose of keeping the boiler and heating pipes free from scale or sediment
when using impure water, the latter is first passed into and then through a
precipitator provided with a coil having perforations or outlets or otherwise; the
said coil being fed with steam in such quantities as to raise the temperature of the
vater to precipitating point, thus performing the function of a water filter or
purifier, by which the efficiency of the pipes will be maintained. The precipitator
is provided with a tap or valve through which the mud or sediment may be blown
out as desired.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a two-flued Lancashire boiler
and its seating.
Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1 showing the flues in section.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section through line A' B' in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal elevation of an American or "Babcock" boiler with my
invention applied.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of steam nozzle applied to inlet of heating pipes.
Fig. 5 is a part sectional elevation of pipes and nozzles for delivering heated
water, steam, or superheated steam in the water space.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal elevation of a two-flued boiler showing section through
the centre flue with another modification of my invention applied.
Fig. 7 is a transverse section through line C¹ D' in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation through a range of heating pipes.
Fig. 9 is a transverse section through line Ei G' in Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of precipitator or purifier.
Fig. 11 is a front elevation of a Lancashire boiler showing precipitator or
purifier connected therewith, and
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation of steam nozzle applied to inlet of heating
pipes.
In all the figures the same letters are employed to indicate corresponding
parts.
A is the shell of boiler; B the internal flues; C the flame bed or bottom flue ;
D the side flues, and E the flue leading to the chimney.
The heating pipes F are disposed in the bottom flue or flame bed C of the
boiler seating, and are arranged so that water, steam, and superheated steam, when
formed, will travel backwards and forwards through the same down one side of the
flue C and then pass over to the heating pipes F on the other side of the flue by
means of the crosspipe H, whence the operation of travel will be repeated until
the outlet is reached, or the pipes can be disposed so as to cause the heated water,
steam, or superheated steam to travel down one side, cross the back or end, down
the other side, and back again through the various rows of pipes to the outlet. To
the outlet of the pipes is coupled the pipe I, which passes into the boiler to a
point below the water level, at which point it is coupled to the perforated pipes J,
through which heated water, steam, or superheated steam of a high temperature is
delivered into the water in the coldest part of the boiler, by which its excess of
heat will improve circulation, increase evaporation, and produce economy, which
important advantages are effected by means of waste heat and gases that have
usually been allowed to pass away up the chimney. If desired the pipes J may be
provided with the nozzles J' as shown in Fig. 5 for the purpose of injecting and
assisting the delivery of heated water, stean, or superheated steam below the water
line in the boiler. The outlet to the heating pipes F is fitted with the chamber K
to which water is supplied by the pipe L from any convenient source. The
chamber K is provided with the nozzle M through which water is blown by a jet
of steam from the nozzle N, the latter being supplied with steam from the boiler
by the pipe O. To regulate the amount of steam and for shutting off the same
the pipe O is fitted with the tap or valve P; also the check or non-return valve Q

page_text: to prevent blowing back. To facilitate the formation of steam from the jet of
water blown into the inlet of the heating pipes F it is necessary that it be broken
up into a spray or fine particles which is effected by blowing the same by the
steam jet against the interceptors, plugs, or stems R fixed at cross-angles or other-
wise in any suitable manner. Water may be converted into a spray or vapour
by being blown by a jet of steam as the water issues from the outlet L into the
chamber K as shown in Fig. 12. By dispensing with the nozzles M and N the
heating pipes F may be supplied with water to fill the entire capacity of same,
the outlet being coupled to the ordinary feed valve of the boiler, and delivered
below the water level in the boiler. In this case water may be supplied by a pump
from the hot well of the engine, or other sources and delivered to the boiler in
the ordinary manner, thus producing a cheap and efficient economiser or water
heater.
Steam alone may be supplied to the pipes F, which in its passage through the
same will become superheated, from whence it is delivered below the water level in
the boiler by the perforated pipes J, or the superheated steam may he delivered
into the steam space in the boiler, or in the main outlet steam pipe. The pipes I
are fitted with the taps or valve S and T for the purpose of admitting heated water
or steam into the boiler, in which case the tap or valve S is closed. By closing
the tap or valve T and opening the tap or valve S the heated water or steam may
be conveyed through a building by means of the pipe V for the purpose of heating,
drying, boiling, and other purposes, and then returned back again to the boiler or
otherwise. The pipes I and Lare provided with the check or non-return valves W
and X respectively to prevent blowing back.
In the modification of my invention shown in Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 the heating
pipes F are mounted or secured to the hollow metallic chambers Y and Z, and are
supplied with water or steam, or both, by the inlet pipe F containing the nozzles.
In this arrangement the water or steam, or both, travels only once the length of
cach range, the heated water, steam, or superheated steam being delivered from
the chambers Z by the pipes I, which may be coupled as shown and connected to
the boiler as in Fig. 1, or otherwise for heating, drying, boiling, and other
purposes. The heating pipes F may be in one range as shown in Fig. 8, or in
two or more as shown in Fig. 6.
In applying my invention to an American or "Babcock" or other water tube
or multitubular boiler the heating pipes F are disposed on one or both sides of
the furnace from whence they pass through the bridge M' to the flame bed or bottom
flue C and thence to the bottom water tube N¹ as shown in Fig. 4. If desired the
heating pipes Fean be placed entirely in the flame bed or bottom flue C; the
inlet pipe passing above or below the furnace or fire-grate as desired.
For the purpose of keeping the boiler and heating pipes F free from scale or
sediment when using impure water, I employ the precipitator K' divided by the
midfeather P. In the inlet portion of the precipitator K' I dispose the perforated
coil L'which is supplied with steam or superheated steam from the heating pipes F,
or by steam alone from the boiler, in such quantities so as to raise the temperature
of the water to a precipitating point. The water to be heated or purified is
delivered into the same by the pipe R' and passes down one side and up the other
as indicated by the arrow, and out by the pipe S' to the feed valve T of the boiler
as shown in Fig. 11. The lower end of the precipitator K' is fitted with the
tap through which mud or sediment that collects therein may be blown out as
desired through the pipe X
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In combination with a steam boiler or other furnace the use of apparatus
consisting of pipes or coils disposed in the flame bed or bottom flue and nozzles
for forcing water, steam, or superheated steam through the same and delivering at

page_text: a point below the water level in a boiler for the purpose of improving circulation,
heating water in the coldest part of a boiler, increasing evaporation, preventing
scale, and producing economy by means of waste heat, substantially as described.
2. In combination with a steam boiler the use of a precipitator or water purifier
fitted with a coil and heated by steam from a boiler, or steam and superheated
steam generated in pipes or coils disposed in the flame bed or bottom flue of a
boiler, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
3. In combination with pipes or coils disposed in the flame bed or bottom flue
of a boiler and heated by waste heat the use of the water and steam nozzles or spray
producers, substantially as described and as shown in the drawings.
4. In combination with the outlet pipes disposed below the water level in a
boiler the use of nozzles for the purpose of assisting or ensuring the delivery
of water, steam, or superheated steam into the water space, substantially as
described.
5. In combination with a steam boiler the use of apparatus consisting of pipes
or coils disposed in the flame bed or bottom flue and a nozzle or nozzles for forcing
steam or superheated steam generated in the said pipes or coils by means of
waste heat into the steam space or main steam pipe of a boiler, substantially as
described.
Dated the 22nd June 1893.
EDMUND CHADWICK, F.I.C.P.A.,
Agent.