IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR CUTTING MOULDINGS IN STONE OR WOOD
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathan Gold Kimberley, of Great St. Helen's, in the City
of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR CUTTING
MOULDINGS IN STONE OR WOOD."
Sealed the 1st June 1877, and dated the 4th December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nathan Gold Kimberley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1876.
NATHAN GOLD KIMBERLEY, of Great St. Helen's, in the City of London, Engineer.
"IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR CUTTING MOULDINGS IN STONE OR WOOD."
My Invention relates to improved mechanism or apparatus by which I am
enabled with a circular saw or other suitable tool in combination with a template
or pattern to form, in stone or wood, mouldings whose configuration will be an exact
counterpart of that of the said template.
The said mechanism in one form of my Invention is designed to be used in or
upon an ordinary metal planing machine for working upon stone only, or upon a
shaping or other like machine, but according to a modification of my said Invention
I adapt the said mechanism to an ordinary turning lathe for turning both stone and
wood.
It has heretofore not been practicable to cut mouldings in stone with a saw or
pointed tool, or implement governed by a template or pattern of the exact form or
configuration of the moulding to be produced, and these mouldings have usually been
cut by means of tools whose cutting edge is of the shape of such mouldings, the said
tools being shaped by a template or pattern; but these tools are very costly to manu-
facture and very quickly wear out. Attempts have been made to effect the cutting of
these mouldings by the use of templates or patterns formed with a certain corre-
spondence to the desired form of moulding, which templates have to be produced in
a very peculiar manner and employed in combination with machinery especially
constructed for the purpose.
My Invention is designed to obviate all of the above difficulties; the mechanism

page_text: employed in carrying it into practise is extremely simple of construction and easily
applied to a planing machine, lathe, or other suitable tool, as will be seen by the
following description:For cutting mouldings in stone, as above stated, I use a
template or pattern of the exact form or configuration of the moulding to be pro-
duced on the stone, the said template being formed of steel or other suitable
material and fixed on the cross slides or other suitable part of the planing or other
machine. The difficulty or impossibility of working with these templates has arisen
from the impracticability of moving the tool from one cut to the next cut across
the moulding. To obviate this difficulty I arrange my improved mechanism to
raise the tool from its work at the termination of one cut, then move or adjust it
laterally for the next cut, and then move or permit it to move down to its work
again.
I prefer to employ as the cutting tool a circular saw mounted in suitable bearings
upon the tool-carrying slide of the machine, which saw is driven by a belt from a
conveniently arranged driving shaft. For cutting hard stone I use a circular saw
or tool set with diamond or carbon points. At the top of the said slide I arrange a
lever which is fitted to vibrate on a central fulcrum, and one of whose ends or arms
is connected by a rod with the said slide. "Its other end or arm is connected by a
rod with a bell-crank lever, cam, or excentric, whereby the tool is lifted from its
work at the termination of each cut. This lifting movement must take place
slightly in advance of the transverse movement of the slide, which is effected by
the usual catch mechanism or by other suitable means. On the top of the said
vertical slide I fix a bar, rod, or arm, which projects over the template, and moves in
contact with the upper or working or guiding edge of the same, and it will be obvious
that if the said bar or arm is left free so that it rests and is supported upon the
said edge of the template and it is moved transversely or laterally across the
machine it will follow the configuration or contour of the said template, and this
arm being connected positively or without any elastic or other adjustment or play
with the saw or tool, the edge of the latter will also follow the same path, and will
reproduce the form of the same upon the stone. But it would not be practicable to
effect the desired movement of the cutting tool or saw by using the template as a
cam to lift the said tool; I therefor employ the devices for lifting the slide and
tool, which devices raise the said tool from its work and then release it at each cut,
while the template acts only as a guide for the said tool.
The lifting lever or other lifting device being actuated automatically or
mechanically will lift the slide a certain fixed distance at each stroke; therefore to
compensate for inequalities of the movement required by the shape or configuration
of the template, springs should be interposed between the ends of the said connecting
rod or in some other position between the lifting device and the end of the said
lever.
prefer that the lifting movement should be effected by the said lever, cam, or
other lifting device against the pressure of a spring or springs, and that when the
slide is released the springs should force it down to bring the tool to its work. Or
the said mechanism may be so arranged that the slide and tool are forced down to a
certain distance by a cam, lever, or other device, and then subjected to the pressure
of a spring which acts to keep the said arm or bar upon the template; and in some
cases it may be desirable or necessary to provide a locking device to lock the slide
firmly, and thereby ensure the proper action of the tool upon the stone.
In the arrangement of my Invention whereby the same is applied to the turning
of mouldings in stone or wood, I also use a template of the exact configuration or
contour of the moulding to be formed. This template is arranged in combination
with the ordinary slide rest of the lathe through the medium of levers and other
parts, which are so acted upon by the template as to cause the cutting tool to follow
a path exactly corresponding with the outline of the template.
One very convenient method of carrying this part of my Invention into practise
is by the employment of two wheels geared with the lathe spindle; one of these

page_text: wheels has on it a cam or projection which acts on a lever. This movement takes
place at each revolution of the lathe, and draws the tool out of its work slightly in
advance of the lateral movement of the tool to take a fresh cut. This latter move-
ment is produced by a cam, stud, or projection on the other wheel geared with the
lathe spindle. These two devices for convenience are arranged at opposite sides of
the lathe, and are connected with the slide rest by screw shafts. I may use springs,
weights, or other means for forcing the tool to its work when the slide is released
by the aforesaid mechanism.
I may use in combination with my apparatus any of the ordinary appliances for
oval or elliptical turning.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Nathan Gold Kimberley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
June 1877.
NATHAN GOLD KIMBERLEY, of Great St. Helen's, in the City of London, Engineer.
"IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR CUTTING MOULDINGS IN STONE OR WOOD."
My Invention relates to improved mechanism or apparatus by which I am enabled
with a circular saw or other tool in combination with a template or pattern to
form in stone or wood, mouldings whose configuration will be an exact counterpart
of that of the said template. The said mechanism in one form of my Invention is
designed to be used in or upon an ordinary metal planing machine for working
upon stone only or upon a shaping or other like machine, but according to a modi-
fication of my said Invention I adapt the said mechanism to an ordinary turning
lathe for turning both stone and wood.
It has heretofore not been practicable to cut mouldings in stone with a saw or
pointed tool or implement governed by a template or pattern of the exact form or
configuration of the moulding to be produced, and these mouldings have usually
been cut by means of tools whose cutting edge is of the shape of such mouldings,
the said tools being shaped by a template or pattern. But these tools are very
costly to manufacture and very quickly wear out. Attempts have been made to
effect the cutting of these mouldings by the use of templates or patterns formed
with a certain correspondence to the desired form of moulding, which templates
have to be produced in a very peculiar manner and employed in combination with
machinery especially constructed for the purpose.
My Invention is designed to obviate all of the above difficulties. The mechanism
employed in carrying it into practice is extremely simple of construction and casily
applied to a planing machine, lathe, or other suitable tool, as will be seen by the
following description:-For cutting mouldings in stone, as above stated, I use a
template or pattern of the exact form or configuration of the moulding to be pro-
duced on the stone, the said template being formed of steel or other suitable material
and fixed on the cross slides or other suitable part of the planing or other machine.
The difficulty or impossibility of working with these templates has arisen from the
impracticability of moving the tool from one cut to the next cut accross the
moulding. To obviate this difficulty I arrange my improved mechanism to raise
the tool from its work at the termination of one cut, then move or adjust it laterally
for the next cut, and then move or permit it to move down to its work again.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 is an
end elevation of a planing machine to which my said Invention is applied.
The stand A, bed a, and framing b, and the gear wheels and screws for actuating
the said bed and the cross slide, are or may be the same as in ordinary metal
planing machines,

page_text: I prefer to employ as the cutting tool a circular saw, but may use a fixed cutter
or drill or other suitable tool. This saw c is shewn mounted in movable bearings
upon the tool-carrying slide d of the machine; the said saw is driven by a belt
extending from a conveniently arranged driving shaft and over the pulley d¹. For
cutting hard stone I use a circular saw set with diamond or carbon points, as shewn.
Over the said slide d 1 arrange a lever or arm e which is fixed on a vibrating shaft f;
this lever is connected by a rod g with the said slide. Another lever or arm c¹,
fixed on the same shaft, is connected by a rod h with a lever i. This lever i is
'secured on the end of a small shaft or spindle i* and by the action of the sliding
bed on the studs i, i, the said lever is actuated to lift the rod h at the end of
each movement of the said sliding bed, and the tool c is thereby lifted from its work
at the termination of each cut. This lifting movement must take place slightly in
advance of the transverse movement of the slide d, which is effected by the usual
catch mechanism or by other suitable means. On the top of the said vertical slide
I form or fix a bar, rod, or arm j, which may be termed a tail piece. This tail
piece projects over the template %, and moves in contact with the upper or
working or guiding edge of the same. This template, whose outline must be of
the exact form or configuration of the section of the moulding to be produced, is
placed and secured at the back of the cross slide d or in any other convenient
position. It will be obvious that if the said arm or tail piece is left free vertically,
so that it rests and is supported upon the said edge of the template k, and it is
moved transversely or laterally across the machine, it will follow the configuration
or contour of the said template; and this arm being connected positively or without
any elastic or other adjustment or play with the saw or tool c, the edge of the
latter will also follow a path of exactly the same configuration and will reproduce
the form of the template k upon the stone l. But it would not be practicable to
effect the desired movement of the cutting tool or saw by using the template le as a
cam to lift the said tool; I therefore employ special devices, above described, for
lifting the slide and tool, which devices raise the said tool from its work and then
release it at each cut while the template acts only as a guide for the said tool.
The lifting lever or other lifting device being actuated automatically or
mechanically will lift the slide a certain fixed or pre-determined distance at each
stroke to compensate for inequalities of the movement required by the shape or
configuration of the template; springs should be interposed between the ends of the
said connecting rod or in some other position between the lifting device and the
end of the said lever.
I prefer that the lifting movement should be effected by the said lever or by a
cam, excentric, or other lifting device against the pressure of a spring or springs, and
that when the slide is released the springs should force it down to bring the tool to its
work, but the said mechanism may be so arranged that the slide d and tool c are
forced down to a certain distance by a cam or lever or other device, and then
subjected to the pressure of a spring which acts to keep the said arm or bar upon
the template. And in some cases it may be desirable or necessary to provide a
locking device to lock the slide firmly, and thereby ensure the proper action of the
tool upon the stone.
In the arrangement of my Invention whereby the same is applied to the turning
of mouldings in stone or wood, I also use a template of the exact configuration or
contour of the moulding to be formed. This template is arranged in combination
with the ordinary slide rest of the lathe through the medium of levers and other
parts, which are so acted upon by the template as to cause the cutting tool to
follow a path exactly corresponding with the outline of the template.
One very convenient method of carrying this part of my Invention into practise
is illustrated in Figures 3 to 6 of the Drawings; Figure 3 is a front elevation of
an ordinary turning lathe; Figure is an end elevation of the same; Figures 5
and 6 show detached portions of mechanism applied to this lathe for carrying my
said Invention into practice therewith.

page_text: Instead of the ordinary tool rest I use a saw c, or other suitable tool as above
specified. On the back spindle of the head B I place the pinion n; this pinion
drives the wheel o, and on this wheel is firmly fixed the notched wheel p, shown
detached in Figure 5; I prefer that the pinion n should make 21/2 revolutions to one
of the wheel o, and the notches in the wheel p are made to allow the catches to fall
into them, and so release the tool c from its work for just one quarter of a revolution
of the pinion n, and the acting portion of the said wheel, that is to say, the portion
which holds the tool to its work, exactly corresponds with one revolution of the
pinion n. For lifting the catch out of the notch in the wheel p, I gear the wheel o
in the pinion q. On this pinion shaft is fixed the gear wheel which drives the
wheel 8, on which is fixed the cam t shown detached in Figure 6. With this
arrangement of gearing the cam t makes ten revolutions to one of the notched
wheel p.
The lever or drop catch p¹ has three fork arms p* at its upper end, two of which
fall into the notches in the wheel p and cam t, while the third works the connecting
links p, by which means the lever or drop catch p¹ through this connecting link
working on the lever catch and ratchet fixed on the screw effects the traversing
movement of the tool c. The screw is moved by the action of the catch or pawl v¹
on the ratchet wheel 2. This pawl must be provided with a spring or equivalent
device to ensure its dropping into the ratchet teeth. A second lever or drop
catch p² is provided to move the tool c to and from its work. This lever is formed
and arranged in the same manner as the lever p¹, but on the opposite side of the
lathe as shewn. It has not a pawl and ratchet wheel, but by a connecting link p³
it.acts directly on a wheel or lever on a shaft w, on which is fitted a pinion w
which is free to slide with the tool rest and works into a rack w² under the slide ws
on which the tool holder is fixed. When the catch p² comes opposite the notch in
the plate p it is drawn in by a spring or by other suitable means, and thereby
draws back the tool c from its work, and then the cam t acting on the catch p¹
pushes it out of the notch, and so causes the tool to come to, its work, its position
being determined by the distance the pattern or template w fixed on the back of
the lathe will allow the slide w³ and its tool to move back. A spring or springs or
other suitable means must be used to allow the guide w³ to set itself to the
inequalities of the pattern or template u*.
The above described movements take place at each revolution of the lathe, the
tool being drawn out of its work slightly in advance of the lateral or cross move-
ment of the said tool to take a fresh cut. This latter movement may be produced
by any suitable cam, stud, or projection on wheels geared with the lathe spindle
and connected with the slide rest by screw shafts. I may use springs, weights, or
other means for forcing the tool to its work when the slide is actuated by the
aforesaid mechanism.
I may use in combination with my above described apparatus any of the ordinary
appliances for oval or elliptical turning.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. Cutting mouldings in or upon stone or wood by the employment of a
circular saw or other suitable tool and template or pattern, in combination with
mechanism or apparatus whereby the said tool is raised from its work after or at
the termination of each cut or course over the stone or wood, and is adjusted to
take a fresh cut while away from its work, but is so governed or controlled by the
said template that it produces on the stone or wood a moulding or mouldings whose
sectional form or configuration is an exact counterpart or copy of the said pattern
or template.
Second. The combination of the circular saw or other tool and template and the
aforesaid mechanism or apparatus with an ordinary planing machine as above set
forth.

page_text: Third. The adaptation or application of my Invention to a turning lathe as above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nathan Gold Kimberley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of June, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
NATHAN GOLD KIMBERLEY. (L.S.)