IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND INCREASING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT, PRODUCED BY THE COMBUSTION OF GAS OIL, PETROLEUM, AND OTHER VOLATILE Ous
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Nicholas Sanders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th January 1868.
I, GEORGE NICHOLAS SANDERS, of Rue de Sèze, No. 16, at Paris,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGULATING AND INCREASING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT,
PRODUCED BY THE COMBUSTION OF GAS OIL, PETROLEUM, AND OTHER VOLATILE
Ous," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for object to regulate and increase the light in
the lighting apparatus, and it consists chiefly in acting on the flame
by means of a special appliance applied to the chimney, which ap-
pliance is opposed to the free issue of the gases, keeps back the
light or flame, expands and softens it, and develops the combustion,
so that all the inflammable vapors are completely consumed.
The annliance is composed of two main parts: 1st, a threaded rod

page_text: carrying two or more convex discs acting as reflectors. These discs
can be adjusted as desired on the rod, and they constitute obstacles
to the gaseous currents so as to soften and regulate the light and
prevent it vacillating. 2ndly, a cone in the form of an inverted funnel,
on the surface of which vacillating plates or tongues are cut or sct,
which by their elasticity act as springs. They open under the action of
the heat and thus form suitable openings in the cone to allow the
consumed gases to escape. Thus while the reflecting discs produce a
crossing of the light the tongues open to establish the current necessary
for perfect combustion. The cone rests on the top of the chimney,
and may have an elastic base to enable it to fit chimneys of different
sizes.
In a modification of my Invention the chimney is made of a par-
ticular form; it is enlarged at its lower part to favor the expansion
of the flame or light, and its upper part is also enlarged and closed
at the top, with the exception of a hole for the passage of the
threaded rod. Lateral openings in the enlarged upper part allow the
consumed gases to escape, while in addition to a disc at the lower
end of the threaded rod a metallic disc on the rod (or more than
one such disc) is cut out so as to form clastic arms which take the
part of the spring tongues in the first arrangement. These elastic
arms may be free or held at the sides like an umbrella.
In another arrangement the chimney at its upper part is as just
described, but the enlargement at the lower part is increased, while
below this enlargement are two recessed parts, the upper of which
supports the chimney on the burner or lamp while the lower sup-
ports a perforated bottom made in two parts so as to be inserted into
the lower end of the chimney; this perforated bottom facilitates the
passage of the currents of air. The threaded rod extends down to
near the burner, and carries at this part a sphere of incombustible
material which enters the flame. Two discs are fitted on the rod, as
in the previous arrangement.
In another arrangement specially intended for gas burners the
threaded rod is hollow, and the gas pipe passes down through it,
terminating in radial arms and a ring burner. The discs are fitted
on the rod as before, but the sphere is replaced by an inverted hollow
cone supported by arms carried out from the rod. The space around

page_text: the gas pipe at the lower part of the cone establishes an air current
in the middle of the flame, which prevents the rod getting too hot.
The lateral openings in the enlarged upper part of the chimney are
extended to the top, and the top of the chimney is made separate
5 from the body so as to be taken off when desired.